PMID- 6960195 TI - Ethical considerations and advertising. PMID- 6960194 TI - Severe alveolar bone loss associated with a pyogenic granuloma--a case report. PMID- 6960196 TI - A study of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. PMID- 6960197 TI - [Clinical trial of cefmetazole for severe infection in patients with blood diseases]. PMID- 6960198 TI - [Case of IgG-K myeloma successfully treated with melphalan but terminating in acute myelogenous leukemia 2 years and 8 months later]. PMID- 6960199 TI - [Leukemic colony formation--basic investigation by methyl cellulose method and its application]. PMID- 6960200 TI - [Studies of acute promyelocytic leukemia--incidence and clinical features of the patients with t(15; 17)]. PMID- 6960201 TI - [An autopsy case of acute eosinophilio-myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6960202 TI - [Simultaneous occurrence of multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia without previous chemotherapy]. PMID- 6960203 TI - [A case of congenital leukemia (common ALL) with a tumor and facial nerve palsy as its initial symptoms. A report of a case and a review of 78 congenital leukemia cases without Down's syndrome in the literature]. PMID- 6960204 TI - [A remission case of Ph1 positive acute myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 6960205 TI - [An isolated thrombocytopenia preceding acute monocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6960206 TI - [An autopsy case of acute myelocytic leukemia with gigantic thrombus in the atrium and cerebral thrombosis by mucor]. PMID- 6960207 TI - Genetic markers in the atomic bomb survivors and their children--Hiroshima and Nagasaki. PMID- 6960208 TI - [The effect of radiation therapy on bone scintigraphy]. PMID- 6960209 TI - [Problems in lymph node scintigraphy with subcutaneous administration of 67-Ga citrate]. PMID- 6960210 TI - [Supersensitivity of the urinary bladder to acetylcholine and prostaglandins in denervated rats]. PMID- 6960211 TI - Use of a saliva substitute in postradiation xerostomic patients. PMID- 6960213 TI - The medical management of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6960214 TI - Symptomatic mitral valve prolapse: a prospective incidence study. PMID- 6960212 TI - [Immunopharmacology of corticosteroids]. AB - Immunopharmacological effects of corticosteroids are primarily dependent upon their capacity to modify inflammatory reactions at various levels. Their molecular effects are related to the vascular system and to lymphocytes, phagocytes and mast cells, all cell types being involved in inflammation. They modulate the physiology, molecular biology and membrane dynamics of these cells thereby influencing cellular and humoral immune functions. The complexity of these effects may at least partially explain the usefulness of corticosteroids in cases of immunoproliferative, autoimmune and allergic disorders. PMID- 6960215 TI - Sacro-coccygectomy for chronic anal fistulous abscess. PMID- 6960217 TI - Physicians for Social Responsibility: the medical consequences of nuclear war. PMID- 6960216 TI - Should we really worry about an oversupply of doctors? PMID- 6960218 TI - Medical monitoring of genetic engineering research in Cambridge--the first five years. PMID- 6960220 TI - 17 alpha and 17 beta-oxidoreductases of adult female hamster liver and kidney. PMID- 6960219 TI - C19-steroid 5 beta-reductase and 3- and 17-oxidoreductases of adult male hamster kidney. PMID- 6960221 TI - Solubilization of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from rat liver microsomes. AB - The conditions for the solubilization of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from a rat liver microsomal preparation with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 were studied. The recoveries of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and of proteins in the solubilized form were determined as a function of detergent concentration, of pH and temperature, of incubation time and of saline concentration. The soluble fraction obtained under the optimal conditions contained 80% of the proteins and 75% of the enzymatic activity of initial microsomes. The presence of Triton X-100 in the solubilized proteins was not essential for enzyme activity. PMID- 6960223 TI - Formal education in medical informatics--review of ten years' experience with a specialized university curriculum. PMID- 6960222 TI - Prostaglandin D2 in rat brain, spinal cord and pituitary: basal level and regional distribution. PMID- 6960224 TI - Information system for post-marketing drug surveillance scheme on small computers. PMID- 6960225 TI - NONLIN: a new version for simplified use in BASIC computer systems. PMID- 6960226 TI - Altered genetic code in Paramecium mitochondria: possible evolutionary trends. AB - The sequence and presumptive structure of a tRNA trp gene from Paramecium tetraaurelia are given. The gene is located 1,500 bp downstream from the 13S rRNA gene, in about the middle of the genome. Paramecium tRNA trp has a completely normal TpsiC loop and stem, however its anticodon (UCA) constitutes an alteration in the "universal" genetic code, similar to those seen in fungal and mammalian mitochondria. Most features of Paramecium tRNA trp resemble other mitochondrial counterparts; however, its sequence is more homologous to the "unaltered" tRNA trp (anticodon CCA) from E. coli. Paramecium mitochondria may resemble a primitive stage of organelle evolution. PMID- 6960227 TI - Ribosomal protein S20 purified under mild conditions almost completely inhibits its own translation. AB - The efficiency of ribosomal protein S20 to act as repressor of its own synthesis in an in vitro system was found to depend greatly on the procedures employed to purify this protein. Whilst conventionally purified r-protein S20 inhibited its own synthesis by some 30%, up to 90% inhibition was observed if "milder" purification conditions were used. Evidence is presented that the latter preparation shows also a higher binding affinity to 16S rRNA. PMID- 6960228 TI - The protein composition of Mycoplasma capricolum. AB - The whole cell proteins and the ribosomal proteins of Mycoplasma capricolum ATCC 27343 have been analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The M. capricolum cell is relatively rich in basic proteins. The number of total protein spots detected was approximately 355, which is less than one-third of that of Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis. In contrast, the number (30 and 20 protein species have been found to be present in the 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits, respectively) and the size of the ribosomal proteins in the M. capricolum do not seem to be significantly different from those of typical eubacteria. PMID- 6960229 TI - Megakaryoblastic transformation of chronic granulocytic leukaemia: a case report. PMID- 6960230 TI - Intermittent combined chemotherapy with doxorubicin in recurrent childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - A series of 14 children with bone marrow or testicular recurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and treated with pulsed combined chemotherapy incorporating doxorubicin is reviewed. All had been previously adequately treated according to established leukemia protocols. Median disease-free survival for the series is 46 weeks, overall survival 62 weeks, and the toxicity of the therapy relatively low. This compares favorably with other reports of treatment of relapsed ALL and supports the formulation of prospective trials to evaluate anthracyclines in initial induction and consolidation phases of treatment of childhood ALL. PMID- 6960231 TI - Oral retinoids in dermatology. PMID- 6960232 TI - [Degree course in dentistry and dental prosthesis: practical activities and responsibility]. PMID- 6960233 TI - [Dimensional variations of dental amalgams during amalgamation reactions]. PMID- 6960234 TI - [Restoration of the tooth-gingiva unit in the therapy of class V caries]. PMID- 6960235 TI - [Our experience with dental reimplantation. Clinical evaluation 8 years later]. PMID- 6960236 TI - [Liposarcoma. 3 cases with intraoral location]. PMID- 6960237 TI - [Bactericidal and bacteriostatic action of mouthwashes used in oral hygiene]. PMID- 6960238 TI - [Kallikrein in human saliva]. PMID- 6960239 TI - Nickel-chromium alloys in casting. PMID- 6960241 TI - [The transparent tooth]. PMID- 6960240 TI - Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. AB - We constructed a series of recombinant genomes which directed expression of the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) in mammalian cells. The prototype recombinant in this series, pSV2-cat, consisted of the beta-lactamase gene and origin of replication from pBR322 coupled to a simian virus 40 (SV40) early transcription region into which CAT coding sequences were inserted. Readily measured levels of CAT accumulated within 48 h after the introduction of pSV2-cat DNA into African green monkey kidney CV-1 cells. Because endogenous CAT activity is not present in CV-1 or other mammalian cells, and because rapid, sensitive assays for CAT activity are available, these recombinants provided a uniquely convenient system for monitoring the expression of foreign DNAs in tissue culture cells. To demonstrate the usefulness of this system, we constructed derivatives of pSV2-cat from which part or all of the SV40 promoter region was removed. Deletion of one copy of the 72-base-pair repeat sequence in the SV40 promoter caused no significant decrease in CAT synthesis in monkey kidney CV-1 cells; however, an additional deletion of 50 base pairs from the second copy of the repeats reduced CAT synthesis to 11% of its level in the wild type. We also constructed a recombinant, pSV0-cat, in which the entire SV40 promoter region was removed and a unique HindIII site was substituted for the insertion of other promoter sequences. PMID- 6960242 TI - [Periodontal considerations in surgical exposure of vestibularly impacted anterior teeth]. PMID- 6960243 TI - [Orthodontic cephalometric parameters: values relative to the relief achieved in 200 patients in northern Italy at puberty]. PMID- 6960244 TI - [Comparative analysis using the computer 1: basal classification and antero posterior positioning of the bases]. PMID- 6960245 TI - [Periodontal and orthodontic considerations in the treatment of impacted anterior teeth or teeth erupted in the region of the alveolar mucosa]. PMID- 6960246 TI - [Treatment plan for open bite]. PMID- 6960247 TI - [Treatment of Class II/l malocclusion using conditioned stimuli: presentation of an electronic device (I)]. PMID- 6960248 TI - [Level of interest of the Italian orthodontist in psychology]. PMID- 6960249 TI - [Correlation between various vertical cephalometric parameters in patients at puberty]. PMID- 6960250 TI - [Behavior of the labial seal in Class II/1, II/2]. PMID- 6960251 TI - [The Steiner-Cervera cephalometric evaluation]. PMID- 6960252 TI - [Occlusal stability after orthodontics]. PMID- 6960253 TI - [Skeletal vertical dimensions of the face with reference to overbite]. PMID- 6960254 TI - [Evaluation using the Bjork implant and the results obtained in orthodontic treatment of the maxilla in class III]. PMID- 6960255 TI - [Application of the computer in the orthodontic office]. PMID- 6960256 TI - A cellular oncogene is translocated to the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myelocytic leukaemia. AB - The transforming genes of oncogenic retroviruses are homologous to a group of evolutionary conserved cellular onc genes. The human cellular homologue (c-abl) of the transforming sequence of Abelson murine leukaemia virus (A-MuL V) was recently shown to be located on chromosome 9. The long arm of this chromosome is involved in a specific translocation with chromosome 22, the Philadelphia translocation (Ph1), t(9; 22) (q34, q11), which occurs in patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML)3-5. Here we investigate whether the c-abl gene is included in this translocation. Using c-abl and v-abl hybridization probes on blots of somatic cell hybrids, positive hybridization is found when the 22q- (the Philadelphia chromosome), and not the 9q+ derivative of the translocation, is present in the cell hybrids. From this we conclude that in CML, c-abl sequences are translocated from chromosome 9 to chromosome 22q-. This finding is a direct demonstration of a reciprocal exchange between the two chromosomes and suggests a role for the c-abl gene in the generation of CML. PMID- 6960257 TI - Bromocriptine in the treatment of haloperidol-induced galactorrhea. PMID- 6960258 TI - After the first death: reflections on poetry and emergency room experience. PMID- 6960259 TI - MDA--another stupefacente. PMID- 6960260 TI - Clonal evolution of karyotype in blastic phase of CML. AB - A patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) had a Philadelphia chromosome- Ph1(t(9q +; 22q--)) in all evaluated bone marrow cells at the time of diagnosis. After 29 months of intermittent therapy (chemotherapy and immunotherapy) and 2 months before clinical signs of blastic phase developed, three additional cell lines in bone marrow and peripheral blood appeared: one line with extra chromosome Ph1, another one in which chromosome Y disappeared, and the third line with extra chromosome No. 13, evidently derived from the X-monosomie cell line. Five weeks before death a variable hypodiploidy was found in more than 50% mitoses. The patient died 47 months after the establishment of CML and seven months after the onset of the blastic phase. PMID- 6960261 TI - [Quality control of amalgam restorations. II. A comparison of 4 non-clinical review methods]. PMID- 6960262 TI - [A problem-oriented model for complex dental treatment problems]. PMID- 6960263 TI - [Advanced analytical technics for biomechanical application in dentistry]. PMID- 6960264 TI - [Directors of sick-funds on information provided to insured patients]. PMID- 6960265 TI - [A case of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome with strong mutilation tendencies]. PMID- 6960266 TI - Effect of chronic and acute changes in sodium balance on the urinary excretion of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The 24-hour urinary excretion of prostaglandins (PGs) E2 and F2 alpha, plasma renin activity (PRA), and aldosterone were measured in 7 normal subjects and 8 patients with essential hypertension before and after 5 days of a diet containing less than 20 mmol/day of sodium. Subsequently, sodium was infused intravenously for 4 h (77 mmol/h), and urinary PGs measured in hourly urine collections. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone were measured at hours 2 and 4. In the normal subjects, PGE2 increased significantly (p less than 0.0005), with the diet, while PGF2 alpha did not change. The E/F ratio was increased significantly (p less than 0.01). In contrast, in the hypertensive patients no changes were observed in PGs excretion or in the E/F ratio. PRA and aldosterone were in the normal range after the diet in 4 patients and low in the other 4. Apart from PRA and aldosterone levels, there were no differences between these two subgroups of patients, with regard to change in body weight, blood pressure or electrolyte excretion. PG excretions were also similar. With the Na infusion, PGs returned to control values in the normal subjects. In the hypertensive patients, PG excretion decreased to almost undetectable levels. This coincided with the phenomenon of exaggerated natriuresis. It is concluded that: (1) in hypertensive subjects PGs synthesis is not influenced by chronic changes in the volume status, and (2) renin secretion is relatively independent of PG production in the hypertensive subjects. We suggest that the changes in PG synthesis in hypertension are possibly related to altered sodium handling by the hypertensive kidney. PMID- 6960267 TI - Plasma prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, total effective vascular compliance and renal plasma flow in essential hypertension. AB - Plasma prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, cardiac hemodynamics, total effective vascular compliance, plasma (PV), interstitial (IFV) and extracellular fluid volumes, and renal indices were determined in 13 men with either borderline or sustained essential hypertension. PGE2 measured in the central venous blood was increased in borderline and in sustained hypertensives (p less than 0.01), while PGF2 alpha remained within normal ranges. Pulmonary degradation of both prostaglandins was decreased. In the overall population, the PGE2/PGF2 alpha ratio was: (i) negatively correlated with central venous pressure (r = -0.68; p less than 0.01), and (ii) positively correlated with total effective vascular compliance (r = 0.76; p less than 0.001), the PV/IFV ratio (r = 0.63; p less than 0.02) and the renal plasma flow (r = 0.79; p less than 0.001). The study suggests that, in hypertensive patients, prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2 alpha play an important role on the compliance of the venous system and on the control of renal blood flow, contributing to the autoregulatory mechanisms of the hypertensive vascular disease. PMID- 6960268 TI - Effects of essential fatty acids on water balance and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 and vasopressin in rats. PMID- 6960269 TI - Macro-microangiopathic blood smears in megaloblastic anemia. PMID- 6960270 TI - New frontiers in alloplastic genitourinary prostheses: I. The surgical management of urinary incontinence. PMID- 6960271 TI - Male impotence: new concepts in management. PMID- 6960272 TI - Persistent left upper lobe infiltrative density. PMID- 6960273 TI - Left atrial myxoma. PMID- 6960274 TI - Radiologic problem of the month: diffuse lung infiltrates. PMID- 6960275 TI - Electrocardiograms of the month: atrial fibrillation and left bundle branch block. PMID- 6960276 TI - Whereto the medical staff. PMID- 6960277 TI - Pharmacotherapy of depressions. PMID- 6960278 TI - Ability to work: the Social Security viewpoint. PMID- 6960279 TI - Hepatitis following nonhalothane anesthesia. PMID- 6960280 TI - Allopurinol hepatotoxicity potentiated by tamoxifen. PMID- 6960281 TI - Management of pouce floutant. PMID- 6960282 TI - Let there be light. PMID- 6960283 TI - On office design. PMID- 6960284 TI - Foreign-trained dentists--a problem in licensure. PMID- 6960285 TI - The effect of special education on the success rate of foreign-trained dentists taking licensure examinations. PMID- 6960287 TI - Dispensing prescription medicine. PMID- 6960286 TI - I want to sue that attorney. PMID- 6960288 TI - Keyes treatment recommended. PMID- 6960289 TI - Dental care delivery in West Germany and Sweden. PMID- 6960290 TI - The dental rehabilitation system in Holland. PMID- 6960291 TI - Current issues in dentistry in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6960292 TI - The developing legal basis for reciprocity. PMID- 6960294 TI - A look at dentistry behind the Great Wall. PMID- 6960293 TI - Dental advertising--eight questions to ask before you start. PMID- 6960295 TI - Non-rigid splinting for avulsions and luxations. PMID- 6960296 TI - Microcomposite resin restoration of a "geminated" tooth. PMID- 6960297 TI - Electrosurgery: an update. PMID- 6960298 TI - Can implants revitalize your practice? PMID- 6960299 TI - Connective tissue response to direct fulguration. What are the clinical and histological effects? PMID- 6960300 TI - Implantology as complete restorative dentistry. Two case reports. PMID- 6960301 TI - Mercury--living with it from 1982 on. PMID- 6960302 TI - Surgical-orthodontic treatment planning for simultaneous mobilization of the maxilla and mandible in the correction of dentofacial deformities. AB - Simultaneous mobilization of the maxilla and mandible is indicated for the optimal correction of specific dentofacial deformities, as discussed in the preceding publication. Because of the added complexity of this type of surgical orthodontic treatment, it is important to determine the absolute need for surgery and to construct a detailed blueprint of the specific changes to take place at the time of surgical intervention as well as those to be made by the orthodontist prior to initiation of any treatment. The intent of this article is to describe a technique of treatment planning which includes cephalometric prediction tracings, model surgery, determination of orthodontic-surgical sequencing, splint construction, and specific sequencing of surgery. When followed, these guidelines will enable the surgeon and the orthodontist to accurately determine the need for simultaneous mobilization of both the maxilla and the mandible and provide more predictable and stable results when it is performed. PMID- 6960303 TI - Two cases of incompatibility to carbon-coated subperiosteal implants. AB - Two cases of clinical incompatibility of carbon-coated subperiosteal implants are presented. The clinical history and the microscopic features of biopsy material of each case are reviewed. The histologic appearance of tissue from both cases presented scattered particles of carbon surrounded by lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and tissue eosinophils. Active phagocytosis and Russell's bodies were seen. Large masses of carbon were surrounded by connective tissue. The clinical and microscopic findings suggest an immunologic rejection of the implant coating material. PMID- 6960304 TI - Kirschner wire stabilization of the horizontal ostectomy of the inferior border of the mandible. PMID- 6960305 TI - Serum vitamin B12, folate, and iron levels in recurrent aphthous ulceration. AB - Hematologic deficiencies have previously been described in some cases of recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). Ninety patients with RAU and twenty-three healthy control subjects were evaluated by complete blood count, serum iron, and total iron-binding capacity, serum vitamin B12, and serum or red blood cell folate. Only three of ninety RAU patients proved to have abnormalities. There were no statistically significant differences between the patient and control populations, and no one in either group had abnormal serum vitamin B12 or serum or RBC folate assays. None of the patients or controls gave a history or symptoms suggestive of iron-deficiency or megaloblastic anemia, and all were without gastrointestinal complaints. These results suggest that hematologic tests other than a complete blood count are not routinely indicated for patients with RAU. PMID- 6960306 TI - Halitosis: an etiologic classification, a treatment approach, and prevention. AB - Halitosis, a condition that causes a severe social handicap to those who suffer from it, has a multifactorial etiology. Since patients with this condition seek professional consultation from dentists much more frequently than from physicians, dentists, who treat diseases of the oral cavity, should have an understanding of the local as well as the systemic factors which cause halitosis. This article presents an extensive review of the information available, with an etiologic classification of this condition to help clinicians develop the diagnostic acumen to distinguish one type of halitosis from another. Once the etiology of this condition is ascertained for the patient who suffers from it, treatment can be readily rendered. PMID- 6960307 TI - Multiple lichenoid drug reactions in a patient with Ferguson-Smith disease. PMID- 6960308 TI - Teeth with short, thin, dilacerated roots in patients with short stature: a dominantly inherited trait. PMID- 6960309 TI - The effect of three vehicles on the pH of calcium hydroxide. PMID- 6960310 TI - The significance of the presence of foreign material periapically as a cause of failure of root treatment. PMID- 6960311 TI - Effects of electrosurgery on dog pulps under cervical metallic restorations. AB - Fifty-four Class V amalgam restorations were placed in nine beagle dogs to determine whether electrosurgical effects on pulp tissue could be altered by the presence of metallic restorations. An electrosurgical technique was performed, simulating clinical procedures for tissue removal while traversing the restorations. Time and power-use measurements were recorded for each operation. All operations that were performed within a time range imitating clinical procedures failed to produce changes in pulpal histology. When electrosurgical exposures were extended beyond 0.4 second contact with restorations, pulpal alterations occurred in the majority of specimens. PMID- 6960312 TI - Root resorption. Review and discussion. PMID- 6960313 TI - An investigation of potential applications of intensifying screens in intraoral radiography. AB - In medicine, the somewhat degraded image from the screen/film system is accepted for most diagnostic purposes in the interest of radiation thrift. In dentistry, however, the superb image resolution and sharpness of the radiation-intensive, direct-exposure film is the standard for intraoral radiography. There may be occasions in dental practice where such quality is not necessary, thus making the high level of exposure difficult to justify. In a laboratory study, screen-type radiographs were effectively substituted for ultraspeed film in the monitoring stages of endodontic therapy and as posttreatment films in operative dentistry. Even with a slow system, the radiation exposure was one sixteenth of the usual periapical dose. If clinical trials support these conclusions, only the lack of a practical periapical cassette limits the application of this significant method of radiation reduction to dental practice. PMID- 6960314 TI - An old/new idea for reducing exposure to x-rays. AB - In 1925 the patient's exposure to x-radiation was reduced 50 percent by the application of emulsion to both sides of the dental film. Another similar reduction is possible when the layers of emulsion are once again doubled. The authors have rediscovered this idea and tested it. A double film packet containing films which are hinged on one side for proper reorientation after developing was produced. The films were exposed to half the radiation given to normal packets. It was found that density, contrast, and definition were all comparable to normal exposures when allowances were made for an additional layer of blue-tinted film base. In addition to reduced exposure to x-rays, the folded film technique gives a second view of the exposed area. An underexposed view is obtained by viewing either side of the folded film alone. This underexposed view offers some details not seen on fully exposed films. PMID- 6960315 TI - Enamel resorption on ten embedded teeth. PMID- 6960316 TI - Multiple impacted teeth in cleidocranial dysostosis. PMID- 6960317 TI - Bilateral gemination. PMID- 6960318 TI - [Effect of prostaglandins F2alpha and E2 on the composition of plasma free fatty acids and glucose levels in hypercholesterolemic rats]. PMID- 6960320 TI - Mercury emission from capsules during trituration. PMID- 6960319 TI - [Fall in the levels of circulating lymphoblasts caused by intravenous administration of the A50 monoclonal antibody in a patient with acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. A step in the demonstration of serotherapy with monoclonal antibodies]. AB - In an 8-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia not previously treated intravenous administration of a single 8 mg dose of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope restricted to the surface of mature T-cells resulted, within 20 hours, in a fall in circulating lymphoblasts from 200 000 to 70 000. No adverse clinical or biological reaction was detected and no antigenic modulation occurred at lymphoblast surface. This observation constitutes a first step in the complex development of effective serotherapy for malignant diseases, using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6960321 TI - Is there life after death for your disposable capsules? PMID- 6960322 TI - Class 2 inlay cavity procedures. PMID- 6960323 TI - Interstitial emphysema: an insidious complication of operative dentistry. PMID- 6960324 TI - Low-gold alloys for use in operative dentistry. PMID- 6960325 TI - Chairman's introduction to symposium I. Developmental biology. PMID- 6960326 TI - The use of composite resins in primary molars. PMID- 6960327 TI - An acid etch composite resin retained wire for correction of an ectopically erupting permanent first molar. PMID- 6960328 TI - Periodontal epidemiological indices for children and adolescents: II. Evaluation of oral hygiene; III. Clinical applications. PMID- 6960329 TI - [Monoblastic leukemia with tail-like cells (hand-mirror cell leukemia). Report of a case with an unstable morphological picture]. PMID- 6960330 TI - Primary cutaneous mucormycosis: superficial and gangrenous infections. PMID- 6960331 TI - [Traditional dentistry and pharmacopoeia. Apropos of 2 practices in Senegal]. PMID- 6960332 TI - [Dental health experience in the Tuamotu-Gambier archipelago (French Polynesia). 2: Dental survey on Tuamotu Island]. PMID- 6960333 TI - [Atrophic lesions of the tongue in leprosy patients]. PMID- 6960334 TI - Juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis). Literature review and case reports. PMID- 6960335 TI - [The toothbrush of the Somalians]. PMID- 6960336 TI - [Permanent first molars: study on prevalence of carious lesions]. PMID- 6960337 TI - [Results of a program of fluoride prevention]. PMID- 6960338 TI - [Pathogenic effects of inadequate procedures of oral hygiene]. PMID- 6960339 TI - [Role of pre-orthodontic information]. PMID- 6960340 TI - [Importance of deconditioning in the field of prevention]. PMID- 6960341 TI - [Diet containing no or very low carbohydrates]. PMID- 6960342 TI - [Teaching oral hygiene and dental prevention in elementary schools: preparation of the teacher]. PMID- 6960343 TI - [Progressive impact of dental caries in the Somalian population]. PMID- 6960344 TI - [The Snyder test modified by Arthur Alban]. PMID- 6960345 TI - [Immunotherapy of acute leukemia with cells of cultured lymphoblast-like lines]. PMID- 6960346 TI - [Changes in polyamine excretion during the treatment of patients with chronic leukemias]. PMID- 6960347 TI - Tubulin bound to colchicine forms polymers different from microtubules. AB - The purified tubulin-colchicine complex undergoes in vitro polymerization under the same conditions that promote the assembly of microtubules from purified tubulin. The need for a critical concentration, the apparent free energy change of the reaction, and the effects of divalent cations and nucleotide binding indicate interactions similar to those involved in microtubule formation. The large polymers formed are not microtubules, suggesting that the mode of action of the antimitotic drug may be the production of an incorrect bonding geometry between tubulin molecules. PMID- 6960348 TI - Activation and desensitization of Torpedo acetylcholine receptor: evidence for separate binding sites. AB - The acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica was labeled by reaction with the fluorescent probe 4-[N-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-N-methyl]amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa 1,3-diazole without apparent effect on its in vitro ligand binding and functional properties. Addition of acetylcholine or carbamoylcholine to the labeled-receptor preparations enhanced the fluorescence of the bound probe, and this effect was specific for agonists and inhibited by prior incubation with excess alpha bungarotoxin. Equilibrium fluorescence titrations gave apparent dissociation constants of 0.86 +/- 0.14 mM for carbamoylcholine and 79 +/- 11 microM for acetylcholine, in good agreement with the dissociation constants measured for the permeability response of the receptor. Stopped-flow experiments showed that the fluorescence change was a single exponential process whose rate increased with ligand concentration, reaching a saturating value for carbamoylcholine of approximately 400 s-1. The equilibrium binding of carbamoylcholine was not significantly affected by prior incubation of the receptor with d-tubocurarine or histrionicotoxin and the dissociation constant was only slightly increased in the presence of lidocaine. These inhibitory ligands do not, therefore, compete directly with agonists for this low-affinity binding site, suggesting that their mode of action may be indirect. PMID- 6960349 TI - Model of the active site in the blue oxidases based on the ceruloplasmin plastocyanin homology. AB - Available sequence information (a total of 650 residues out of about 1,050) of human ceruloplasmin, a blue copper-containing oxidase, has been examined for internal homologies and relationships to other blue proteins. The peptide chain has an evident 3-fold repeat of about 340 residues, and weak evidence for a 6 fold repeat of 170 residues exists. When another method was used to compare the longer sequence with the sequences of small blue proteins, azurins and plastocyanins, a 109-residue-long sequence at the COOH terminus of ceruloplasmin was found to be homologous to the plastocyanins. The alignment obtained was used to construct, on a graphic display, a three-dimensional model of this part of ceruloplasmin by using the coordinates for popular plastocyanin. Deletions and insertions could be accommodated in turns and kinks in the essentially eight stranded pleated sheet molecule wherein each of the hydrophobic core residues was conserved or conservatively replaced. Eight of the 12 histidine side chains were clustered at or close to the binding site for the blue (type 1) copper. On the assumption that these are copper ligands, a model for the active site of ceruloplasmin containing four copper ions could be constructed in a manner consistent with known spectroscopic and kinetic data. In particular, two of the coppers are close enough (3 A) to form a binuclear center. The positions of the two additional coppers (the fifth and the sixth) in ceruloplasmin are suggested on the basis of the internal homologies. PMID- 6960350 TI - Epoxidation reactions catalyzed by rat liver cytochromes P-450 and P-448 occur at different faces of the 8,9-double bond of 8-methylbenz[a]anthracene. AB - 8-Methylbenz[a]anthracene (8-MeBaA) transdihydrodiol metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase and normal-phase HPLCs from incubations of 8-MeBaA with liver microsomes or a reconstituted system containing purified cytochrome P-448 and epoxide hydrolase. Regardless of the enzyme source, the metabolically formed 8 MeBaA trans-3,4- and -5,6-dihydrodiols were found to be enriched in one enantiomeric isomer and differed only in the degree of optical purity. The 8 MeBaA trans-8,9-dihydrodiol formed by liver microsomes from either untreated or phenobarbital-treated rats was enriched with the (+)-enantiomer. In contrast, the 8-MeBaA trans-8,9-dihydrodiol formed either by liver microsomes from 3 methylcholanthrene-treated rats or by the reconstituted rat liver enzyme system containing cytochrome P-448 and epoxide hydrolase was enriched with the ( )enantiomer. These results indicate that, in catalyzing the formation of 3,4- and 5,6-epoxide intermediates, the interaction with the unsubstituted 3,4- and 5,6 double bonds of 8-MeBaA by the different forms of cytochrome P-450 occur preferentially on the same face of the aromatic plane and they differ only in the degree of stereoselectivity. However, different forms of cytochrome P-450 may interact with different faces of the aromatic plane at the methyl-substituted 8,9 double bond of 8-MeBaA, resulting in the formation of trans-8,9-dihydrodiols enriched in different enantiomeric forms. This demonstrates that different forms of cytochrome P-450 may catalyze the epoxidation reaction preferentially at different sides of the methyl-substituted double bond of a planar polycyclic hydrocarbon molecule. These properties may be used to further classify and to understand the enzyme-substrate interactions of the different forms of cytochrome P-450 in the drug-metabolizing enzyme systems. PMID- 6960351 TI - Proton NMR of the histidines of azurin from Alcaligenes faecalis: linkage of histidine-35 with redox kinetics. AB - On the basis of redox kinetic studies, Rosen and Pecht [Rosen, P. & Pecht, I. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 775-786] postulated a slowly attained (approximately equal to 0.1 sec) conformational equilibrium between two forms of reduced azurin from the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one form being faster in electron transfer. NMR investigations have shown that at pH 7 there are two forms of reduced azurin exchanging slowly with each other, differing in the presence or absence of a proton on the imidazole side chain of histidine-35. Rosen et al. [Rosen, P., Segal, M. & Pecht, I. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 120, 339-344] observed that the azurin from the bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis shows no such slowly attained equilibrium between two forms. Therefore, a 1H NMR study was carried out on this azurin with emphasis on the downfield region. A resonance was found at 7.95 ppm downfield that does not move with pH, is not seen in the oxidized protein, has the same pseudocontact shift in the Co(II) derivative as the C-2 proton of histidine-35 has in the Co(II) derivative of P. aeruginosa azurin, and, in the apoprotein, exhibits a typical protonation shift downfield at pH less than 5. Therefore, this resonance is assigned to the C-2 proton of histidine-35. The crystal structure of P. aeruginosa azurin shows that at pH 7 the imidazole side chain of histidine-35 is in a crevice within the protein, where its ring is adjacent and parallel to that of histidine-47, a copper ligand. The preceding observations combined with others show that the kinetics of some redox reactions involving azurin depend on the position of histidine-35. The implication is that there is a pathway for electron transport to the copper atom involving passage through histidine-35. PMID- 6960352 TI - Increase in histidine decarboxylase activity in skin of genetically mast-cell deficient W/Wv mice after application of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate: evidence for the presence of histamine-producing cells without basophilic granules. AB - Histidine decarboxylase (HisDCase, EC 4.1.1.22) activity in mouse skin increased by a factor of more than 10 after a single application of phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate. The cell type that was responsible for the increase in HisDCase activity was examined by using (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv mice, which are genetically deficient in tissue mast cells. In contrast to a report that increase of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity occurs in the epidermis [O'Brien, T. G., Simisiman, R. C. & Boutwell, R. K. (1975) Cancer Res. 35, 2426-2433], the HisDCase activity was found to increase in the dermis. Although most of the histamine in the dermis was present in mast cells, the increase in HisDCase activity in the skin in W/Wv mice was comparable with that in congeneic +/+ mice. This increase of HisDCase activity in the skin of W/Wv mice was abolished by prior x-ray irradiation (800 rads; 1 rad = 0.01 gray) but was restored by subsequent bone marrow transplantation. Because mice, in general, are known to lack basophilic leukocytes, the present results suggest the existence of histamine-producing cells without basophilic granules that are derived from the bone marrow. PMID- 6960353 TI - Structural and metabolic relationship between the molybdenum cofactor and urothione. AB - The molybdenum cofactor isolated from sulfite oxidase (sulfite: ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.2.1) and xanthine dehydrogenase (xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.37) in the presence of iodine and KI (form A) has been shown to contain a pterin nucleus with an unidentified substituent in the 6 position [Johnson, J. L., Hainline, B. E. & Rajagopalan, K. V. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 1783-1786]. A second inactive form of the cofactor was isolated aerobically but in the absence of iodine and KI. The latter cofactor derivative (form B) is highly fluorescent, has a visible absorption band at 395 nm and, like form A, contains a phosphate group. Cleavage of the phosphate ester bond with alkaline phosphatase exposes a glycol function that is sensitive to periodate. Oxidation of form B with alkaline permanganate yields a highly polar compound with properties of a sulfonic acid, suggesting that the active molybdenum cofactor might contain sulfur. The sulfur-containing pterin urothione characterized by Goto et al. [Goto, M., Sakurai, A., Ohta, K. & Yamakami, H. (1969) J. Biochem. 65, 611-620] had been isolated from human urine. The permanganate oxidation product of urothione, characterized by Goto et al. as pterin-6-carboxylic-7-sulfonic acid, is identical to that obtained from form B. Because urothione also contains a periodate-sensitive glycol substituent, a structural relationship is suggested. The finding that urine samples from patients deficient in the molybdenum cofactor are devoid of urothione demonstrates a metabolic link between the two molecules. PMID- 6960354 TI - Birhythmicity, chaos, and other patterns of temporal self-organization in a multiply regulated biochemical system. AB - We analyze on a model biochemical system the effect of a coupling between two instability-generating mechanisms. The system considered is that of two allosteric enzymes coupled in series and activated by their respective products. In addition to simple periodic oscillations, the system can exhibit a variety of new modes of dynamic behavior; coexistence between two stable periodic regimes (birhythmicity), random oscillations (chaos), and coexistence of a stable periodic regime with a stable steady state (hard excitation) or with chaos. The relationship between these patterns of temporal self-organization is analyzed as a function of the control parameters of the model. Chaos and birhythmicity appear to be rare events in comparison with simple periodic behavior. We discuss the relevance of these results with respect to the regularity of most biological rhythms. PMID- 6960355 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide affects colony morphology on agar and alters distribution of glycosaminoglycans and fibronectin. AB - We have found striking changes in the morphology of colonies of Chinese hamster ovary cells grown on agar containing low doses of dimethyl sulfoxide. Effects on morphology of cells grown on plastic at the same dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations were not as pronounced. Computer-assisted analysis of darkfield photographs of growing colonies proved very useful in measuring the magnitude of morphological changes at various doses. A large decrease in total cell-bound and released glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was observed in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide by measuring incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into cetylpyridinium chloride-precipitable GAGs in Chinese hamster ovary cells. By contrast, dimethyl sulfoxide was found to cause an increase in the network of fibronectin (the large external transformation-sensitive protein) at the cell surface. These observations demonstrate the association of GAGs and fibronectin in processes affecting the three-dimensional growth patterns of aggregates of mammalian cells and also demonstrate the sensitivity of agargrown colonies as model systems for quantitatively measuring the morphological changes induced by exogenous agents such as drugs, hormones, growth factors, mutagens, and carcinogens. These findings might be relevant to the study and treatment of the important class of genetic diseases called mucopolysaccharidoses which result in mental, skeletal, and ocular defects as a consequence of GAG accumulation. PMID- 6960356 TI - Granules 25-30 nm in diameter: basic constituent of the nuclear matrix, chromosome scaffold, and nuclear envelope. AB - Rat liver nuclear matrix and similar structures derived from isolated Chironomus polytene chromosomes, nuclear envelopes, and intranuclear bodies of frog late oocytes (the karyospheres) were studied by electron microscopy with platinum shadowing and negative staining. We have shown that the treatment of whole nuclei, nuclear envelopes, polytene chromosomes, or karyospheres with nonionic detergent, high salt, and RNase and DNase followed by dilute alkali or hyaluronidase digestion reveals numerous rather uniform granules 25-30 nm in diameter. With omission of the nucleases the granules appear to be associated with DNA strands mostly organized in loops. Many granules form clusters and are arranged in linear or arch-like aggregates or cycles resembling the pore complexes. We suppose that these spherical bodies constitute a basic component of the nuclear matrix, chromosome scaffold, and nuclear envelope and are bound together by hyaluronic acid or some similar glycosaminoglycan. PMID- 6960357 TI - Human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and lactoferrin: family of neutrophil granule glycoproteins that bind to an alveolar macrophage receptor. AB - Interactions between polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes are potentially of great importance in a variety of inflammatory processes. As part of a continuing effort to elucidate the physiologic importance of human alveolar macrophage receptor-mediated binding of neutrophil (leukocyte) elastase, I have studied the binding of leukocyte elastase and two other neutrophil granule glycoproteins, cathepsin G and lactoferrin, to human alveolar macrophages. Saturable binding of all three ligands at 0 degrees C was observed, with equilibrium dissociation constants of 4.0 x 10(-7), 2.0 x 10(-7), and 1.7 x 10( 6) M, respectively. All bound to a similar number (54-73 x 10(6)) of sites per cell. Binding of all three ligands was inhibited by the polysaccharide fucoidin, and extensive cross-inhibition of their binding to macrophages was observed. The results indicate that alveolar macrophages possess a relatively low-affinity, high-volume receptor for a family of neutrophil granule glycoproteins, which would be ideally suited for clearing released neutrophil granule contents from the extracellular space in inflamed tissues. PMID- 6960358 TI - Molecular cloning of translocations involving chromosome 15 and the immunoglobulin C alpha gene from chromosome 12 in two murine plasmacytomas. AB - Expression of IgA by plasmacytomas occurs as a result of a DNA rearrangement that brings the variable region gene, VH, a few kilobases 5' to the constant region gene, C alpha. In this study, we show that the allelic nonexpressed C alpha gene also is rearranged in most plasmacytomas. Cloning, restriction mapping, heteroduplex analyses, and sequence analyses of the nonproductively rearrange C alpha genes from two plasmacytomas, M603 and M167, have demonstrated that the nonproductive rearrangement occurs within the alpha switching region, S alpha. In each case, the same DNA sequence has been joined to the 5' side of C alpha and we have termed this DNA "NIRD" (for nonimmunoglobulin rearranged DNA). Southern blotting analyses of genomic DNAs from various IgG-, IgM-, or IgA-producing plasmacytomas suggest that NIRD is rearranged in almost all plasmacytomas. However, NIRD rearranges to the S alpha region only in IgA-producing cells, not in IgM or IgG producers. Cytogenetic evidence has shown that T(12;15) translocations are common in murine plasmacytomas. Immunoglobulin heavy chain genes are located on chromosome 12, and the translocation breakpoint in plasmacytomas occurs near the immunoglobulin genes. NIRD has been mapped to chromosome 15 by Southern blotting analysis of mouse-hamster cell lines, suggesting that the nonproductively rearranged C alpha clones represent the T(12;15) translocations identified cytogenetically. Therefore, we have identified a region of DNA on chromosome 15 that is commonly rearranged in transformed mouse lymphocytes. We speculate on the significance of NIRD in neoplastic transformation of mouse lymphocytes. PMID- 6960359 TI - Rapid identification of Leishmania species by specific hybridization of kinetoplast DNA in cutaneous lesions. AB - Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) was isolated from various species of the protozoic parasite Leishmania and analyzed by nucleic acid hybridization to detect species related heterogeneity of kDNA. Purified DNA isolated from L. mexicana and L. braziliensis displayed no homology in nucleic acid hybridization studies. These results confirmed that rapid kDNA sequence change and evolution is occurring in New World species of Leishmania and suggested that such isolated kDNA could be used as a specific hybridization probe for the rapid identification of Leishmania species by using whole organisms. This work further demonstrates that such species-specific identification is feasible on isolated Leishmania promastigotes and, more important, directly on tissue touch blots derived from the cutaneous lesion. Thus, specific hybridization of isolated kDNA provides the basis for a rapid, accurate method for the diagnosis of human leishmaniasis directly from infected tissue. PMID- 6960360 TI - Enhancement of granulocyte-endothelial cell adherence and granulocyte-induced cytotoxicity by platelet release products. AB - Complement-stimulated granulocytes adhere to and induce significant 51Cr release from endothelial cells in vitro. Platelets were stimulated to undergo release, and these release products significantly enhanced granulocyte-endothelial cell adherence and granulocyte-induced 51Cr release from endothelial cells. Platelet serotonin appeared to mediate these phenomena because serotonin antagonists blocked both the enhanced endothelial adherence and 51Cr release. In addition, added serotonin mimicked the effect seen with the stimulated platelets upon granulocyte--endothelial cell adherence and cytotoxicity completely. This enhancement appeared to be due to serotonin effects upon both the granulocyte and endothelial cells. These data suggest that a released platelet constituent might modulate in vivo granulocyte-endothelial cell interactions in clinical disorders. PMID- 6960361 TI - Synapse formation in response to estrogen in the medial amygdala developing in the eye. AB - Medial amygdaloid tissue, taken from female rats immediately after birth, was transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye in adult ovariectomized host rats in order to elucidate the influence of estrogen on synapse formation without contribution of neural afferents. After injections of estradiol benzoate or oil vehicle to the hosts for 20 successive days, the grafts were processed for semiquantitative electron microscopic study to examine synaptic density in the neuropil. The number of synapses on dendritic shafts vs. dendritic spines was not significantly different in the control group. In contrast, in the grafts exposed to estrogen, shaft synapses occurred more frequently than spine synapses. Synaptic density on shafts was significantly greater in these grafts than that in the controls, although the density on spines did not differ between the two groups. These data show that estrogen affects the medial amygdaloid neurons themselves and specifically facilitates the formation of dendritic shaft synapses in oculo. Our previous report raises the possibility that the specific increase of shaft synapses induced by sex steroids is involved in the process of sexual differentiation of neuronal networks from the inherently feminine pattern to the masculine pattern in the medial amygdala. Therefore, the present findings may provide evidence that sexual differentiation triggered by sex steroids is accomplished by intrinsic factors in the neurons of the medial amygdala. PMID- 6960362 TI - Embryonic to adult conversion of neural cell adhesion molecules in normal and staggerer mice. AB - The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) has an unusually high amount of sialic acid (28-35 g/100 g of polypeptide) and shows microheterogeneity in electrophoretic gels in its embryonic or E form. During development, the molecule undergoes conversion to several adult or A forms, which resemble the E form but which on the average have only 10% sialic acid and do not appear to be microheterogeneous. In the present study, rabbit antibodies to mouse N-CAM and two different monoclonal antibodies were used to follow the E leads to A conversion in normal and mutant mice. E leads to A conversion to three forms (Mr 180,000, Mr 140,000, and Mr 120,000) was found to occur at different rates in different parts of the brains of wild-type mice. Examination of the entire cerebellum of the granuloprival mouse mutant staggerer (sg/sg) showed that the E leads to A conversion did not occur by 21 days after birth, whereas in wild type it was almost complete at that time. There was also some delay in E leads to A conversion within the cerebral cortex of sg/sg, although phenotypically no evidence of cortical disorder has been detected. In pooled tissues from phenotypically normal-appearing littermates, (i.e., a mixture of sg/+ and +/+), a slight conversion delay was also found in cerebellum and cortex. The mutants weaver, reeler, and jimpy all showed normal schedules of E leads to A conversion. These observations raise the possibility that a major defect in staggerer mutants relates to a failure in local surface modulation of N-CAM to produce the A forms of the molecule. Some of the failures of synapse formation and of cell survival seen in this disease may result from the anomaly, which is likely to alter the binding properties of N-CAM at critical times of development. PMID- 6960363 TI - Origin of the right-handed twist of beta-sheets of poly(LVal) chains. AB - The energies of three- and five-chain antiparallel and parallel beta-sheets were minimized. Each chain consisted of six L-valine residues with CH3CO and NHCH3 end groups; the chains were considered to be equivalent, but all dihedral angles of a given chain were allowed to vary independently during energy minimization. The minimum-energy structures had a considerable right-handed twist, as observed in globular proteins. This right-handed twist is due primarily to intrachain nonbonded interactions. Such interactions between the C gamma 1H3 group of the ith residue and the C gamma 2H3 group of the (i + 2)th residue of the same chain favor a twist of either handedness over the flat structure. However, many small intrastrand pair-wise interatomic interactions involving the C gamma 1H3 and C gamma 2H3 groups, especially the interactions of these groups with the O and amide H atoms of the neighboring peptide groups, make the right-handed twisted structure energetically more favorable than the left-handed one. The intrastrand side-chain torsional energy plays a small additional role in favoring the right twisted structure over both the flat and the left-twisted structures. The interstrand interactions favor flat structures, but they are not strong enough to overcome the intrastrand interactions that favor the twisted structure; they only decrease somewhat the extent of the right-handed twist of the beta-sheets. PMID- 6960364 TI - Fluorine-19 chemical shifts as structural probes of metal-sulfur clusters and the cofactor of nitrogenase. AB - Several properties of the FeMo-cofactor (co) of nitrogenase in N-methylformamide solution at ambient temperature have been investigated by means of 19F NMR spectroscopy. With C6H5CF3 reference signals the magnetic moment per Mo atom was found to be approximately equal to 3.9 BM, consistent with S = 3/2 ground state identified by other spectroscopic methods at low temperature. Reaction of FeMo-co with 1.0 eq of RFS- (RF = p-C6H4CF3, p-C6H4F) afforded isotropically shifted signals indicative of binding to a paramagnetic cluster. By comparison with the spectra of Fe-S and Fe-Mo-S species derivatized with RFS-, including the cubane type MoFe3S4 clusters with S = 3/2 ground states, it was concluded that the essential FeMo-co cluster structure remains intact and a Fe atom is the probable thiolate binding site. An interaction of FeMo-co with C6H5S- had been detected earlier by low temperature EPR spectroscopy. The binding site assignment is based on large observed isotropic shifts (ca. -12ppm) compared to the much smaller values found for Mo-SRF ligands in MoFe3S4 clusters and anticipated in FeMo-co on the basis of recent spectroscopic results. Isotropic 19F shifts have proven extremely sensitive to electronic and structural features of Fe-S and Fe-Mo-S clusters. The inclusion of a 19F NMR label in FeMo-co should prove of utility in further investigation of cofactor properties and reactions. PMID- 6960365 TI - Symmetry characteristics of the genetic code. AB - The symmetric pattern of codon degeneracies is discussed by using empirical arguments processed within a group-theoretic framework. It is reasoned that the genetic code is a relation rather than a mapping, and the symmetry of a relation defined on the codons is investigated. The principal results are (i) a new extraction of the basic symmetry inherent in the standard genetic code; (ii) the unification of the symmetry of ambiguous codon assignments with that of the standard genetic code; and (iii) the primacy of the concept of a biological context as that device which degenerates the code relation to a mapping. PMID- 6960366 TI - 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in tissues of fetal rhesus macaques. PMID- 6960367 TI - Leukocytapheresis. PMID- 6960368 TI - Urinary prostaglandins and kallikrein in the course of acute renal failure. AB - To examine the role of prostaglandins and the kallikrein system in the recovery from acute renal failure, we studied the sequential changes in urinary prostaglandins and kallikrein after the onset of oliguria. The six patients studied had acute tubular necrosis of the vasomotor type. Urinary PGE2, PGF2 alpha, the PGF2 alpha-main urinary metabolite, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 were all measured by radioimmunoassay. Urinary kallikrein was assayed by means of hydrolytic activity using a chromogenic tripeptide substrate. Following onset of diuresis, urinary PGE2 excretion was increased to normal, parallel to the increase in urine volume. In contrast, the ratio of urinary PGF2 alpha/PGE2 peaked at the onset of diuresis, indicating a relative increase in PGF2 alpha production at this time. Prior to this peak, urinary kallikrein concentrations reached the highest levels, suggesting a close connection with renal prostaglandin metabolism. On the other hand, changes in PGF2 alpha-MUM, 6-keto PGF1 alpha and TXB2 were not found. These results indicate that there may be an interlocking acute alteration of the kallikrein-prostaglandin system occurring immediately before the resolution of oliguria, although the role of the acute shift to PGF2 alpha production observed needs further study. PMID- 6960369 TI - Early embryonic development in the rat after maternal treatment with PGE2. AB - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated subcutaneously with PGE2 at doses of 50, 100, and 200 microgram on gestational days five through eight. Control animals received the solvent in a similar manner. On gestational day 9 the animals were killed by intracardiac perfusion with Karnovsky's fixative, uteri were removed, and a transverse central slice from each implantation site was embedded in araldite. The conceptus was located and 2-3 micron sections were made of each implantation site and examined at the light microscopic level. No significant structural changes were induced in any of the conceptuses, but an unusually wide range of embryonic stages was detected in both the control and the experimental groups of animals. PMID- 6960370 TI - Enhanced thromboxane production in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats in vitro. PMID- 6960371 TI - Uptake and metabolism of prostaglandin E1 in isolated perfused fetal, newborn and adult rabbit lungs. AB - PGE1 has been used to maintain the patency of the ductus arteriosus in newborns with pulmonary hypertension. However, it is known that adult lungs avidly take up and metabolize circulating PGE1. We compared the ability of isolated perfused lungs from previable, 26-day gestation, fetal rabbits; newborn rabbits (within 12 hours of birth) and 3 month old adult rabbits to metabolize a 20-second bolus of PGE1. The concentration of PGE1 infused was approximately 2 orders of magnitude below the Km for the PGE1 uptake process so that first order uptake kinetics are assured. The retention time of a vascular marker dye was monitored as an index of pulmonary vascular surface area. In all three sizes of lungs perfusate flow was adjusted to produce an approximately 7 second dye retention time. At these flows the adult lungs inactivate about 45 percent of the infused PGE1. In contrast, fetal and newborn rabbit lungs both inactivate about 22 percent of the infused PGE1. We conclude that the ability of the lung to take up and metabolize circulating PGE1 is markedly reduced in premature and term newborns. PMID- 6960372 TI - Influence of local release of indomethacin from a silastic device on uterine prostaglandins F2 alpha and E. AB - Delivery of indomethacin (approximately 120 micrograms over 23 days) from a unilateral silastic intrauterine device in the rat caused a reduction in the wet weight of the IUD-bearing horn when compared to that of animals with a plain silastic device. The exposure of the uterus to the sustained local release of indomethacin also resulted in a lowering of basal levels of prostaglandins PGF2 alpha and PGE in the tissue as determined by radioimmunoassay. For PGF2 alpha, no marked difference was found in the capability of the tissue to produce it when the IUD horns of the two groups of experimental animals were compared. PMID- 6960373 TI - Plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in disorders involving hypokalemia. AB - We measured plasma levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha by radioimmunoassay in patients with hypokalemia due to various disorders. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in patients with disorders involving hypokalemia was not different from that of normal controls. Treatment with inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis for 5-7 days in three patients with Bartter's syndrome decreased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha plasma levels by about 25%. It is suggested that, plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha may, on occasions, be a poor index of circulating prostacyclin. PMID- 6960374 TI - The effect of hydrocortisone on the metabolism of PGE2 in rat lungs. AB - Hydrocortisone pretreatment of male rats daily for five days (2 or 10 mg/kg, s.c.) had no significant effect on the total inactivation of prostaglandin E2 in isolated perfused rat lungs or on the activity of NAD+-dependent 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the 100.000 x g supernatant fraction of homogenized lungs. Nor did pulmonary infusion of hydrocortisone (0.1 or 1 microM in the perfusion medium) have any effect on the metabolism of PGE2 in isolated rat lungs. The present study indicates that pulmonary inactivation of PGE2 is not changed by hydrocortisone in rat lungs. PMID- 6960375 TI - Measurement of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in plasma by radioimmunoassay without prior extraction or chromatography. PMID- 6960376 TI - Anti-thromboxane A2 actions of pinane thromboxane A2 derivatives. AB - Six pinane-thromboxane A2 analogs have been synthesized and tested for their ability to antagonize carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (CTA2) induced coronary vasoconstriction and prostaglandin endoperoxide analog induced platelet aggregation. Two of the derivatives, 5C-15S BPTA2 and 5T-15S BPTA2 and 5T-15S BPTA2 (1 microM) showed 76 +/- 3 and 72 +/- 9 percent inhibition of CTA2 (15 nM) induced vasoconstriction of cat coronary arteries respectively, while the other compounds showed between 15 and 50 percent inhibition at 1.0 and 2.0 microM. 5C 15S BPTA2 also antagonized prostaglandin-endoperoxide analog induced human platelet aggregation, although the other compounds showed little or no antagonism of aggregation in this system. PMID- 6960377 TI - Sodium ions discriminate between stimulatory and inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E2 on human fat cell adenylate cyclase. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PG E2) has biphasic effects on human fat cell adenylate cyclase with inhibition occurring in the nanomolar concentration range and stimulation at PG E2-concentrations above 1 mumol/l. Sodium ions stimulate the human fat cell adenylate cyclase in a hormone-like manner. The inhibitory component of PG E2 action is markedly augmented by sodium ions. In addition, the monovalent cation, by interfering with the stimulatory component of PG E2 discriminates between the opposing effects of PG E2 suggesting that the antagonistic effects of the E-type prostaglandins are mediated through distinct processes. PMID- 6960378 TI - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for 11-deoxy-13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-11, 16-cyclo prostaglandin E2: application as an index of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis during human pregnancy and parturition. AB - A radioimmunoassay for 11-deoxy-13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-11, 16-cycloprostaglandin E2 (PGEM-II) is described. At pH 10.5, in the presence of albumin, 13, 14-dihydro 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 (PGEM-I) is transformed quantitatively into PGEM-II. Hence, after plasma samples are subjected to this transformation procedure, PGEM II can be measured in such samples and be a true reflection of PGEM-I production and thereby prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis. The antiserum raised against PGEM-II is minimally cross-reactive with all prostaglandins tested (less than 0.01%). The mean least detectable mass of PGEM-II is 0.8 pg and the mean mass of added PGEM-II required to displace zero-point binding by 50% is 16.6 pg. The assay meets all the standard criteria for accuracy, reproducibility and parallelism. Concentrations of PGEM-II measured by this assay in peripheral plasma from men and nonpregnant women are similar to those reported for PGEM-I after measurements by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of PGEM-II in men were greater than in nonpregnant women. PGEM-II in increased concentration was found in early pregnancy although concentrations declined in the third trimester until labor when a significant increase was found. Concentrations of PGEM-II in umbilical venous plasma were significantly greater than those in maternal plasma. PMID- 6960379 TI - The effect of age on circulating 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in humans. AB - The effect of age on the production of the antiaggregatory prostacyclin (PGI2) was studied by measuring 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the plasma of 140 subjects (50 males and 90 females) between 10-90 years of age. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations (mean +/- SD) in subjects between 10-20 years of age were higher (126 +/- 63 pg/ml, n = 24) than the levels in subjects between 21-30 years of age (88 +/- 30 pg/ml, n = 16), or in subjects between 51-70 years of age (88 +/- 30 pg/ml, n = 17), whereas in subjects between 71-90 years of age, the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels 100 +/- 59 pg/ml, n = 36) did not differ from those in subjects under 20 years of age. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels in women over 70 years (118 +/- 66 pg/ml, n = 20) were higher (p = less than 0.05) than those in men of the same age (78 +/- 42 pg/ml, n = 16), but no other sex-related connections in 6 keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations were seen. Our data suggest that the PGI2 generation in vivo, as measured by 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels in peripheral plasma, is higher in adolescence and elderly females than in the healthy adults. PMID- 6960380 TI - Cranial changes observed on serial posterior-anterior head radiographs after treatment with a May splint. I. (I). PMID- 6960381 TI - A practical approach to clinical photography (IV). PMID- 6960382 TI - [Practice-related documentation in oral implantation]. PMID- 6960383 TI - [Experiences with modern amalgams]. PMID- 6960384 TI - [Cementation of restorative elements (II)]. PMID- 6960385 TI - [Pre-treatment]. PMID- 6960386 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs]. PMID- 6960387 TI - [Rules for a rational antibiotic therapy in dental practice]. PMID- 6960388 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin E2 synthesis in chondrocytes by a factor derived from activated macrophages. AB - The serum-free spent medium of lipopolysaccharide-activated rabbit peritoneal macrophages contains a proteinaceous factor that stimulates the synthesis of PGE2 in rabbit articular chondrocytes. Synthesis of this factor by macrophages is inhibited by cycloheximide. Stimulation of PGE2 in chondrocytes is detected after a four-hour exposure to the macrophage factor and is completely abolished by the addition of either cycloheximide or indomethacin to the chondrocyte cultures. The macrophage derived factor has an apparent molecular weight of 30,000, is heat stable and not inactivated upon reductive alkylation or on treatment with phenylglyoxal. Activity is partially destroyed upon treatment with acid (pH 2.0) and upon trypsin treatment. PMID- 6960389 TI - Acute effects of testosterone on serum PGE2 levels in male dogs. AB - Serum prostaglandin levels are influenced by testosterone. To test the hypothesis that the effect of testosterone is mediated through the prostate gland, testosterone was given acutely to intact and to prostatectomized male dogs. Intact dogs responded to testosterone with an abrupt, transient rise in plasma PGE2 levels; prostatectomized dogs did not respond. We conclude that testosterone has an acute effect on the prostate gland which results in release of PGE2 into the blood stream. PMID- 6960390 TI - The effect of prostaglandin E2 on duodenal ulcer healing. AB - Oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has specific protective effects so called cytoprotection on the gastrointestinal mucosa that are independent of the acid secretion. This has recently been documented in man. A clinical study was performed to test whether this mucosal reinforcing property also could be used to accelerate duodenal ulcer healing. Twenty-eight patients with endoscopically confirmed duodenal ulcers were randomized to treatment with PGE2 0.5 mg three times daily and 1 mg at night or to placebo under double-blind conditions during a four week period. To reduce antacid consumption a fluid placebo antacid was given regularly. An active antacid could be used for pain relief. Healing rate was assessed with repeated endoscopies after 2 and 4 weeks. The treatment groups were comparable with respect to age, duration of ulcer history and present ulcer symptoms, smoking habits, family history, gastric acid secretory rate and number of patients with blood group 0. There was a slight difference in sex distribution. 2 mg PGE2 did not reduce pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in five of the patients. After the treatment significantly more in the PGE2-group (12/14, 86%) had healed than in the placebo-group (6/14, 43% P less than 0.05). There was no difference in pain relief between PGE2 and placebo-treated. The antacid consumption was very low in both PGE2 and placebo-treated. No significant side effects or changes in laboratory test-results were recorded. It is suggested that the cytoprotective effect of PGE2 can be used to accelerate healing of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6960391 TI - Effect of estrogen and progesterone treatment on the depressor response to prostaglandin E2 in ovariectomized women. AB - The effect of exogenous estrogen and progesterone on the response of the systemic arterial pressure to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was studied in 15 ovariectomized women. All experiments were performed on the 7th postoperative day. Arterial blood pressure was measured in all women in supine position at one minute intervals by an automatic recorder. PGE2 infused intravenously in all subjects for 10 minutes. Ten of the women who were given intramuscular injections of either estradiol benzoate (10 mg) or inert vehicle 60-65 hours before the experiment, showed a significant decline in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the PGE2 infusion. In contrast, the remaining of the women who were injected with progesterone intramuscularly also 60-65 hours before the experiment, did not present any significant alterations in blood pressure during or after the infusion of PGE2. These results suggest that, in ovariectomized women, progesterone treatment prevents the depressor response to PGE2. This may be due to increased inactivation of PGE2 by various tissues. PMID- 6960392 TI - The necessity of productivity records. PMID- 6960393 TI - Interaction of neurotensin with prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors: effects on colonic temperature in mice. AB - Neurotensin (NT) administered intracisternally (i.c.) to adult mice produced a marked hypothermia while prostaglandin E2, administered by the same route, produced hyperthermia. When administered concurrently the effects of the two substances were neutralized. The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid, were injected subcutaneously 30 min prior to i.c. administered NT and/or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Both inhibitors failed to potentiate the hypothermia induced by NT or alter its antagonism by TRH in mice kept at 26 degrees C. When mice were kept at 6 degrees C, pretreatment with indomethacin, but not acetylsalicylic acid, potentiated NT-induced hypothermia and prevented its antagonism by TRH. Because indomethacin inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins within the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in peripheral organs while acetylsalicylic acid acts only in the periphery, it appears that NT-induced hypothermia in a cold environment is enhanced by a reduction of prostaglandins in the CNS. PMID- 6960395 TI - [Sublingual, submandibular and submental abscesses in children]. PMID- 6960394 TI - [Comparison of 201T1-chloride and 67Ga-citrate in thyroid tumor scintigraphy]. AB - Twenty-five patients with thyroid tumors were examined by 201T1-chloride and 67Ga citrate scintigraphy heterochronously in our department. All cases showed the cold nodule with 131I or 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy and each one was given a histological diagnosis after surgery or excisional biopsy. In 15 cases of thyroid carcinoma, 12 (80%) were positive by 201T1-chloride; 4 (26.7%) were positive by 67Ga-citrate. In examining each histological type, 8 of 9 cases of papillary carcinoma (88.9%) were positive by 201T1-chloride. In 1 negative case the tumor was almost completely encysted; however, they were all negative by 67Ga-citrate. In 2 patients with follicular carcinoma, both of them revealed a positive figure by 201T1-chloride, and one of these with oxyphilic cell carcinoma showed a positive figure by 67Ga-citrate. In 1 case of medullary carcinoma there was slight accumulation with 201T1-chloride, but there was no accumulation with 67Ga-citrate. In 3 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, 2 patients with small carcinoma showed a negative figure by 201T1-chloride. However, they all showed a positive figure using 67Ga-citrate and this medium also disclosed distant metastases of undifferentiated carcinoma. In 10 patients with thyroid adenoma, 3 (30%) showed a positive figure by 201T1-chloride. Histologically, these were all tubular adenoma, but in all cases of thyroid adenoma 67Ga-citrate revealed a negative figure. From the above mentioned results, the following conclusion were reached. Tumors showing a positive figure by 201T1-chloride that elicited negative results using 67Ga-citrate proved to be differentiated carcinoma or low differentiated types of adenoma. Surgery is indicated in these cases. All of the tumors revealing a positive figure by 67Ga-citrate were highly malignant types. If these tumors showed a negative figure when 201T1-chloride was used, undifferentiated carcinoma was suggested. In undifferentiated carcinoma, 67Ga citrate scintigraphy is a useful procedure in locating distant metastases, in determining the area to be irradiated, and in judging the effect of therapy. PMID- 6960396 TI - [Crown fractures: diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6960397 TI - [Chances of success in dentistry]. PMID- 6960398 TI - [Malignant bone tumors in children]. PMID- 6960399 TI - [Children with tics: their personalities and environments]. PMID- 6960400 TI - Emergency medical technicians in Rhode Island: an overview. PMID- 6960401 TI - Realism in health maintenance--part I. PMID- 6960402 TI - Hospitalization for tuberculosis. PMID- 6960403 TI - [Therapy of inflammatory periodontal disease: gingival surgery]. PMID- 6960404 TI - [Periodontal surgery]. PMID- 6960405 TI - [Therapy of inflammatory periodontal disease: muco-gingival surgery]. PMID- 6960406 TI - [Correction of alveolar bone defects using mucosal flaps]. PMID- 6960409 TI - [Development of orthodontics for adults]. PMID- 6960408 TI - [Esthetic and functional treatment of a case of root fracture]. PMID- 6960407 TI - [Changes in position of upper jaw and its surgical correction]. PMID- 6960410 TI - [Amalgams: development and use in gnathologic restorations]. PMID- 6960412 TI - [Hemangioma of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6960411 TI - [Serial extraction]. PMID- 6960413 TI - [Aphthae of the oral cavity and aphthous stomatitis]. PMID- 6960414 TI - [Diazepam in the treatment of anxiety]. PMID- 6960415 TI - [Incidence of actinic cheilitis in Somalia]. PMID- 6960416 TI - [A new medicated toothpaste]. PMID- 6960417 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of the pain-dysfunction syndrome of the TMJ]. PMID- 6960418 TI - [Submandibular fibrosarcoma]. PMID- 6960419 TI - [Adamantinoma in the mandible]. PMID- 6960421 TI - [Rheumatic disease: study of the septic foci in the oral cavity]. PMID- 6960420 TI - [Recurrent apththous lesions of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6960424 TI - [Evaluation of space and the beginning of treatment planning]. PMID- 6960423 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia: a clinical case]. PMID- 6960422 TI - [Precancerous lesions of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6960425 TI - [Cephalometric analysis according to Delaire]. PMID- 6960427 TI - [Polymer materials for fillings]. PMID- 6960426 TI - [Dental pulp changes with composites]. PMID- 6960428 TI - [University and post-graduate education for the dentist]. PMID- 6960430 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma: a case of mandibular location]. PMID- 6960429 TI - [Maxillofacial fractures in road accidents]. PMID- 6960431 TI - [Ovarian function and the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6960433 TI - [Composite material polymerization using halogen light]. PMID- 6960432 TI - [Erosive lichen planus of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6960434 TI - [Root anatomy and endodontic instrumentation]. PMID- 6960435 TI - [Work without pain]. PMID- 6960436 TI - [Electromyographic evaluation of muscular function of the masseter and temporal muscles]. PMID- 6960437 TI - [Agenesis of upper lateral incisors]. PMID- 6960438 TI - [Dental sensation after fracture of the mandibular angle]. PMID- 6960439 TI - [Absorption of fluoride on the part of dental tissues]. PMID- 6960441 TI - [Psychological and emotional problems in the dentist-patient relationship]. PMID- 6960440 TI - [Hepatitis B virus as a professional hazard in dental practice]. PMID- 6960442 TI - [Therapeutic prosthesis]. PMID- 6960443 TI - [Surgical and prosthetic problems in palatal destruction due to tumors]. PMID- 6960444 TI - [Gingival hyperplasia due to a prosthesis framework]. PMID- 6960445 TI - [Homeopathic medicine in dentistry (II)]. PMID- 6960446 TI - [Psychosomatic medicine in dentistry]. PMID- 6960447 TI - [Psychological and psychosomatic aspects of implantology]. PMID- 6960448 TI - [Cutaneous profile and treatment of the maxillofacial dysmorphologies]. PMID- 6960449 TI - [Gorlin-Goltz syndrome in clinical dentistry]. PMID- 6960450 TI - [The diagnosis of breast cancer as a consequence of the observation of mandibular metastasis]. PMID- 6960451 TI - [Instantaneous center of rotation in patients suffering from mandibular prognathism]. PMID- 6960452 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma]. PMID- 6960453 TI - [New approach for the disinfection of dental instruments (II)]. PMID- 6960454 TI - [Mucocutaneous candidiasis in an immunosuppressed patient]. PMID- 6960455 TI - [Metronidazole in dentistry]. PMID- 6960456 TI - [Diagnostic correlation between primordial (keratogenic) cysts and adamantinomas]. PMID- 6960457 TI - [Epidermolysis bullosa with white papules associated with dental dysplasia and dysgnathia]. PMID- 6960458 TI - [The problem of dental agenesis in relation to orthodontics]. PMID- 6960459 TI - [Action of chlorhexidine against dental plaque]. PMID- 6960461 TI - [Updating to October 1981 the implantation cases documented since 1969]. PMID- 6960460 TI - [Intra-oral photographic documentation]. PMID- 6960462 TI - [Detection of HLA-A, B and C antigens on various normal and pathologic cells using the monoclonal antibody W6/32]. PMID- 6960463 TI - Circulating antibodies after experimental chronic infection in the root canal of teeth in monkeys. AB - Root canals of 49 teeth with necrotic pulp tissue in five monkeys were infected with Streptococcus faecalis ss liquefaciens, Actinomyces bovis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Bacteroides oralis in various combinations. After 6 months the root canals and the periapical tissues were subjected to radiographic, bacteriologic, and histologic examinations. Signs of periapical inflammation were radiographically registered in 41 teeth, most frequently in teeth inoculated with a mixed flora. In 11 out of 16 teeth infected separately with Strep. faecalis ss liquefaciens, apical periodontitis was observed. Sera from the monkeys prior to and after the experimental inoculation were analyzed by means of gel diffusion, hemagglutination (HA), and complement binding test for antibodies against different antigen preparations of the homologous bacterial strains used for the inoculation. Detectable antibodies were seen with antigens of B. oralis in all five monkeys. Agglutinating antibodies were demonstrated with lipopolysaccharide-antigen of B. oralis in titers between 1:40 and 1:320. A marked reduction of the antibody level against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen after mercaptoethanol treatment indicated that a main part of the antibodies registered was of IgM-class. The study shows that certain antigens of bacterial origin from infected root canals, while affecting the periapical tissues, also stimulate the production of circulating antibodies. PMID- 6960464 TI - Caries reduction in rats through F + Mg supplementation of dietary sucrose with observations on bone mineral density and soft and hard tissue minerals. AB - Two control diets with different sucrose contents (44% and 22%) were given to weanling rats for 55 d. The test diets were supplemented with an F + Mg combination, 75 parts/10(6) F as NaF + 50 parts/10(6) Mg as MgO and 38 parts/10(6) F + 25 parts/10(6) Mg, respectively, i.e. using the same supplement/sucrose ratio in each test diet. The supplementation in each test diet caused the same percentage fissure caries reduction, but the absolute mean caries scores were higher in the high-sucrose groups than in the respective low-sucrose groups. Enamel solubility was reduced by the supplementation. Despite the high fluoride supplementation, no untoward effects were recorded in growth and in aortic, heart, and renal calcium contents. Bone mineral density was reduced in the low-sucrose controls and slightly reduced in the high-sucrose F + Mg supplemented rats, as compared with the high-sucrose controls. PMID- 6960465 TI - Migration of leukocytes in dental pulp in response to plaque bacteria. AB - Cell material from three different dental plaque bacteria (Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus mitis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) were studied for their capacity to induce leukocyte migration in the dental pulp of monkeys. Altogether five animals were used to provide 123 teeth for the study. The bacterial test materials were prepared from lyophilized sonicates of pure cultures of respective bacteria mixed with crystalline bovine serum albumin (BSA) 1:1 by weight. Immediately prior to use in the experiment saline was added to render the test material into a paste-like consistency. Buccal Class V cavities were prepared in the monkey teeth leaving a thin remaining wall to the pulp. In these cavities, the test materials were enclosed for a period of 8 h. A set of control cavities received BSA alone. Placement of test and control materials were made before and after depleting the animals of serum complement by repeated injections of Cobra Venom Factor. Histologic examination of pulp tissue specimens showed that materials from two of the bacterial species (A. viscosus, Act. actinomycetemcomitans) consistently induced infiltrations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in one to several cell layers underneath the test cavity. The material from S. mitis seemed less potent and in 11 of 22 teeth no pulpal reaction was recorded. Inactivation of complement with Cobra Venom Factor did not appear to affect the severity of the pulpal responses. PMID- 6960466 TI - Follow-up study of permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures after acute trauma. AB - Complicated fractures occur in 3.5% of acute traumatized incisors. A pulp exposure results in almost all cases in endodontic treatment. The present investigation evaluated the prognosis for the different types of endodontic treatments following complicated crown fractures. Only incisors with an observation period of more than 23 months are included; the material comprises 301 incisors. Pulp capping was successful in 90.5% of the cases. There was a clear tendency for a positive correlation between the stage of the root development and the success rate of the endodontic treatment. In cases with pulpotomy ZnO/eugenol cement or calcium hydroxide was used as amputation material. The pulp reactions following the different treatments are discussed. If calcium hydroxide was used 90% was successful, while in cases with ZnO/eugenol cement as amputation material 8.9% developed necrosis of the pulp and 34.4% showed an undesirable reaction with formation of hard tissue barrier or obliteration. The healing frequency was 83.9% for teeth treated with pulpectomy but there was a clear correlation between the standard of the root filling and the success rate. For all three treatment groups there was a correlation between damage to the supportive tissue and treatment success. PMID- 6960467 TI - Clinical findings in the stomatognathic system in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - 100 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS-group) and a comparison group comprising 57 individuals (C-group) were examined for clinical symptoms from the stomatognathic system and occlusion. It was concluded that the AS-group differed significantly from the C-group with respect to mandibular mobility, tenderness to palpation of the temporomandibular joint and relation between the retruded and intercuspal position of the mandible. Clinical symptoms in the stomatognathic system were correlated to subjective general joint symptoms in the AS-group. Occlusal factors may also be of importance for the development of clinical symptoms in the stomatognathic system in this group. PMID- 6960468 TI - Carcinogenesis in forestomach and changes in oral mucosa of rats induced by intragastric N-methylnitrosourea. AB - It is well known that oral administration of N-methylnitrosourea (NMU) induces carcinomas in the forestomach of experimental animals. As the rat forestomach is lined with an orthokeratinized squamous epithelium the purpose of the present study was to elucidate whether carcinogenesis in this localization following intragastric application of NMU was comparable to oral carcinogenesis in experimental animals and humans. Furthermore, the development of oral mucosal lesions in the rats was studied. It is concluded that the morphologic changes seen during carcinogenesis in the forestomach do not seem to differ essentially from those seen during experimental and human oral carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the number of oral lesions found in the present study are higher than reported in other strains of rats following administration of NMU. PMID- 6960469 TI - Effect of acupuncture on tension headache and urinary catecholamine excretion. AB - Sixteen patients with tension headaches were treated with acupuncture, needles being inserted in the hand and foot and then electrostimulated. All patients were seen at four 2-h sessions with intervals of 1 week between each. The first two sessions were used for clinical examination only, thus serving as control, while acupuncture was administered during the last two sessions. Urine samples were collected immediately before and after each session and later analyzed for catecholamine content. During the 1-week intervals between sessions, records were kept of headache attacks and medicine intake. Following acupuncture two-thirds of the patients showed reduction in number of headache attacks, and about one half of the patients reduced their use of pain relieving drugs considerably. Urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline was always higher in samples collected before sessions than after sessions. However, this reduction in catecholamine excretion was significantly greater when acupuncture had been administered. PMID- 6960470 TI - Heat treatment of glass ionomer, silicate, zinc phosphate and zinc polycarboxylate cements. AB - The compressive strength and erosion resistance of glass ionomer, silicate, zinc phosphate or zinc polycarboxylate cements, submitted to heat treatments at 50 degrees or 70 degrees C after mixing, have been assessed. Zinc phosphate cement specimens showed a marked reduction in compressive strength properties and erosion resistance, while minor improvements in compressive strength were observed for various brands of the other types of cements. For silicate cement a considerable improvement in erosion resistance was noted. One brand showed a reduction in the release of phosphate amounting to approximately a factor of 20. The various improvements observed may be clinically exploited by exposing the restoration after insertion to radiation from an external heat source which deposits radiation energy in the surface or bulk of the restoration. PMID- 6960471 TI - Improvement of erosion resistance of a silicate cement by infrared radiation. AB - Silicate cement specimens have been exposed to infrared radiation for the purpose of improving the erosion resistance. Exposure for periods of 3-10 min, corresponding to a surface temperature of about 60-70 degrees C, resulted in a reduced phosphate release of about 3-5 times that of a non-exposed group. The temperature distributions on the surface, as well as in a position 5 mm beneath the surface, were measured with thermocouples during irradiation. A difference in temperature of about 20 degrees C was registered between the surface and interior positions. The technique may be clinically exploited by exposing the restoration after insertion to a small infrared radiation source, available on the commercial market. PMID- 6960472 TI - Oral pathology. Clinical diagnostic case. PMID- 6960473 TI - Successful use of fluoride supplements. PMID- 6960474 TI - Urate metabolism and renal calcium stone disease. AB - Both hyperuricaemia and hyperuricosuria have been considered to be common in renal calcium stone disease. Abnormalities in serum or urinary urate was not more common in 450 investigated patients than in 90 healthy controls, but when present it was often associated with a more complicated course of the disease, particularly in combination with renal acidification defects. Hyperuricosuria was not explained by a renal tubular dysfunction of urate transport. A decreased urate clearance in proximal renal acidification dysfunction was associated with a high tubular reabsorption of filtered urate. Sodium urate or uric acid crystals did not adsorb urinary macro-molecular inhibitors of crystal growth other than in calcium oxalate solution, whereby a substantial loss of the inhibitory activity was detected. A high intake of dietary animal protein had a unfavourable effect, as several urinary constituents potentially important for calcium stone formation were aggravated. The urinary excretion of calcium and urate increased, whereas urine pH and urinary citrate decreased. It was concluded that the protein content of the diet may be an important factor contributing to the increase in the renal calcium stone disease in the industrialized world. PMID- 6960475 TI - [Quality of dental x-ray pictures from Swiss dental practice]. PMID- 6960476 TI - [Static bone cavities]. PMID- 6960477 TI - [Basic concept of a treatment method in the permanent dentition]. PMID- 6960478 TI - Periodontal status and its relationship to variations in tooth position. An analysis of the findings reported in the literature. PMID- 6960479 TI - [Comparison in an experimental system of the radiopaque properties of various composite resins]. PMID- 6960480 TI - [The longitudinal study of changes in the contour and the growth and development of the alveolar ridge following extraction of the maxillary deciduous incisors]. PMID- 6960481 TI - [Conduction velocities of touch fibers and pain fibers in the inferior alveolar nerve in man]. PMID- 6960482 TI - [Clinical study of the mucous cyst of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6960483 TI - [Growth and development of the dental arch and alveolar ridge in the incisal segment during the early mixed dentition]. PMID- 6960484 TI - [Age-related changes in the structure of the bush-like endings and encapsulated corpuscles of the labial mucosa of mice]. PMID- 6960485 TI - [A basic study on the responses of teeth and periodontal tissues to impact]. PMID- 6960486 TI - [An experimental study on sliding-induced abrasion of natural teeth and materials used for crowns]. PMID- 6960487 TI - [Membrane fusion in exocytosis of the rat parotid gland. A study with freeze fracturing]. PMID- 6960488 TI - [The change in mechanical properties of reheated phosphate-bonded investments]. PMID- 6960489 TI - [Dental casting Ni-Pd-Cu system alloys]. PMID- 6960490 TI - [Calcium hydroxide pulpotomies with zinc oxide-eugenol cement in deciduous teeth]. PMID- 6960491 TI - [An experimental study on the effect of periodontal pressoreceptors on the stability of horizontal mandibular position close to centric occlusion during rapid opening and closing movement]. PMID- 6960492 TI - [Response characteristics of slow-adapting units to amplitude and velocity of displacement in the cat oral mucosa]. PMID- 6960493 TI - [Experimental studies of influences on the healing processes of mandibular defects stimulated by microcurrents]. PMID- 6960494 TI - Acceptance of intravenous sedation. Studies of 3,371 dental patients. PMID- 6960495 TI - Methods of light general anaesthesia for short-term procedures for the nervous patient. PMID- 6960496 TI - Discovery of child abuse with associated dental fracture in a hospital-affiliated clinic: report of a case with a four-year follow-up. PMID- 6960497 TI - Nutrition and aging. PMID- 6960498 TI - Lumbar epidural hematoma following epidural anesthesia. PMID- 6960499 TI - Allogeneic tooth transplantation with an observation time of 16 years. Clinical report of 32 cases. AB - Allotransplantation (grafts between dissimilar members of same species) of teeth has been used for many centuries. The grafts are rejected after various postoperative periods because of histoincompatibility between donor and recipient. However, cases with a comparatively long survival time are seen. Suppression of the host's immune mechanisms is for the present time fraught with dangerous side effects, and is for this reason not applicable in cases of tooth transplantation. Another possibility is to genetically match the donor and recipient. The normal lymphocyte transfer (NLT) test was the first method used in this respect. The author attempted this method and reports the results of 32 allotransplanted teeth after an observation time of 16 years. PMID- 6960500 TI - Radiography in advanced periodontal disease. Determination of alveolar bone height over a 2-year interval. AB - An investigation was performed on 10 patients with advanced periodontal disease. A 3-step periodontal-orthodontic--occlusal therapy was performed followed by programmed plaque-control and professional tooth-cleaning. A longitudinal radiographic study was performed over a period of two years using an Eggen filmholder in combination with individual interocclusal acrylic indices. Measurements of tooth length and alveolar bone height were made using compasses and a transverse scale. An additional registration of bone height was made with a calibrated magnifier. In order to evaluate the precision of registrations a photogrammetric study was carried out using a stereo-comparator. The precision of tooth length and bone height measurements varied between 0.12-0.36 mm. No significant loss of alveolar bone was found during the two year study. PMID- 6960501 TI - Pulpal reaction and microorganisms under Clearfil Composite Resin in deep cavities with acid etched dentin. AB - Experimental buccal cavities were prepared on 31 pairs of contralateral human premolars. Both cavities were acid etched with 40% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds. The layer of etched enamel was removed from one of the cavities (test) in order to create conditions for microbial invasion to the presumed gap between the resin and dentin. Both cavities were filled with Clearfil Composite Resin after the application of Clearfil Bonding Agent. In the control cavity, the outer portion of the filling was removed and replaced with IRM cement in order to prevent microbial invasion. The teeth were extracted after 1 to 11 weeks. The presence of bacteria and pulpal reactions were studied using routine histological techniques. In several cases the inner resin surface analogous to the cavity floor was studied in the SEM. Bacterial growth was present on the dentinal walls as well as in some of the dentinal tubules in 24 of the 31 test cavities. The underlying pulpal areas showed signs of inflammation. Bacterial growth and pulpal inflammation were absent in 17 control cavities in spite of pulpal lesion or near lesion in 5 of the cavities. In 9 control cavities bacteria and pulpal inflammation were present. This suggests bacterial contamination and/or microbial invasion in spite of the IRM filling. The results show that Clearfil Bonding Agent in combination with Clearfil Composite Resin do not bind sufficiently to etched dentin in cavities to prevent the generation of a gap between the filling and dentinal wall. As a result infection can be established. The results also support the authors' earlier findings that neither acid etching of dentin for 15 seconds nor the chemical properties of resin materials have any especially injurious effect on the pulp, even in deep cavities. PMID- 6960502 TI - Zinc oxide-eugenol impression materials. Dimensional stability and surface detail sharpness following treatment with disinfection solutions. PMID- 6960503 TI - Comparative radiographic and morphologic investigation of normal and genuine pathological bone structure of the mandible. I. Literature review and description of a sectioning method. PMID- 6960504 TI - Radiation absorbed doses at radiographic examination of third molars. AB - The radiation absorbed doses to critical organs, i.e. the thyroid and salivary glands and the gonadal region, were measured at radiographic examination of third molars. A tissue equivalent phantom was used together with ionization chamber detectors and TLDs. In the maxilla three, and in the mandible four different projections were used; also an extraoral lateral view. The greatest thyroid dose, 35 muGy, came from a mandibular disto-oblique projection with the circular tube collimator and Ultra-Speed film. the thyroid dose from an extraoral lateral view with high sensitivity screens was 3.7 muGy. The doses in different parts of the parotid gland from the disto-oblique mandibular projection with Ultra-Speed film ranged between 2.65 and 0.052 mGy. The corresponding doses in the submandibular gland were 1.74 mGy beneath the mandible and 0.458 mGy in the fovea. A rectangular tube collimator reduced the doses by approximately 50%. the Ekta Speed film required approximately 40% lower exposure than the Ultra-Speed film. Without shielding the gonadal doses from a complete examination of four third molars were of the same order of magnitude as from a full survey with intraoral films, i.e. 3-7 muGy. A horizontal radiation shield reduced the thyroid doses by between 12 and 46% and the gonadal doses by between 50 and 95%. The reduction effect from the shield was relatively greater when using the larger aperture of the tube collimator. Combinations of leaded aprons and soft leaded collars reduced the thyroid doses by between 15 and 42% and the gonadal doses by two orders of magnitude. PMID- 6960505 TI - Nitrous oxide scavenging in dental surgery. II. An evaluation of a local exhaust system. AB - A deleterious effect on physical and mental health of chronic exposure to trace concentrations of nitrous oxide has been reported. Despite careful handling and sedation technique, gas-tight equipment and breathing circuits, a non recirculation ventilation system and efficient expired and excess gas scavenging equipment, high local nitrous oxide concentrations may occur e.g. with the use of poorly fitting nose masks and/or the administration of nitrous oxide to uncooperative patients. Local exhaust systems have proved valuable in such situations. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal location of a local exhaust system in relation to leakage in an experimental situation with high local nitrous oxide contamination in a dental surgery and to establish the necessary evacuation capacity of such a local exhaust system. Four different evacuation capacities, 140, 200, 260 and 300m3/h, and three different distances from the patient to the nozzle of the local exhaust system, 10, 20, 30 cm, were tested. With the local exhaust system used in this study, an optimal capacity of about 200 m3/h and a position 20 cm or less in front of the patient seem to meet requirements of occupational exposure to nitrous oxide set by national boards of safety and health. PMID- 6960506 TI - [The dental radiographic records of flight personnel employed by Scandinavian Airlines]. PMID- 6960507 TI - [Elimination of carbohydrate metabolism in the dental plaque]. PMID- 6960508 TI - [A comparison of 4 dental injection needles]. PMID- 6960509 TI - [Dental education in retrospect. I. Dentists assess their choice of education and conditions during the time of education]. PMID- 6960510 TI - [Dentinogenesis imperfecta. Treatment of 3 cases involving the deciduous dentition]. PMID- 6960511 TI - [Measuring the pocket depth]. PMID- 6960512 TI - [The public awareness of general health--a short description]. PMID- 6960513 TI - [The dental education in retrospect. II. Dentists evaluate the professional subject matter of dental education]. PMID- 6960514 TI - [The information obtained from an intraoral radiograph is dependent on the conditions under which it is examined]. PMID- 6960515 TI - [An unusual case of circumscribed lymphangioma of the tongue]. PMID- 6960516 TI - [The dental education in retrospect. III. Expectations of and realities in dental education and work as a dentist]. PMID- 6960517 TI - [Endodontic medicaments]. PMID- 6960519 TI - [Help for developing countries: prevention of dental diseases]. PMID- 6960518 TI - [The Danish-Saudi Arabian health project in Gizan]. PMID- 6960520 TI - [Mobile dental units--1 of the basic prerequisites for geriatric dentistry]. PMID- 6960521 TI - [Bitewing radiographic examination for caries diagnosis: indications and frequency of examinations]. PMID- 6960522 TI - [Danish public awareness of general health and international perspectives]. PMID- 6960523 TI - [Unusual case of tooth loss]. PMID- 6960524 TI - [We should take care to sit properly]. PMID- 6960526 TI - [Visible light-cured resins: polymerization depth in vitro]. PMID- 6960525 TI - [Packing of periodontal pockets]. PMID- 6960527 TI - [Syphilis--a diagnosis of 2 cases]. PMID- 6960528 TI - [Delayed mineralization of a premolar]. PMID- 6960529 TI - [A new denture cleanser and a new soap and hand lotion to be used in dental practice]. PMID- 6960530 TI - [Clinical and radiographic changes in surgically treated approximal carious lesions]. PMID- 6960531 TI - [Precision of reversible and irreversible hydrocolloids and of addition-curing silicones used as impression materials in crown and inlay technics]. PMID- 6960532 TI - [Treatment of a patient with dentinogenesis imperfecta]. PMID- 6960533 TI - [Third party payment in dental treatment]. PMID- 6960534 TI - [Reduction in caries as seen internationally]. PMID- 6960535 TI - [What should the medicine cabinet contain?]. PMID- 6960536 TI - [Use of filmholders to obtain reproducible bite-wing films for the diagnosis of caries]. PMID- 6960537 TI - [Central fractures of amalgam fillings]. PMID- 6960539 TI - [3 bite blocks for systematic use]. PMID- 6960538 TI - [Pain due to hyperactivity in the lip muscles]. PMID- 6960540 TI - [Dental care in Sweden functions well! Just give us peace to do our work!]. PMID- 6960541 TI - [Oral galvanism--an electrochemical phenomenon]. PMID- 6960542 TI - [Peripheral blood monocytosis as an early symptom of acute leukemia with 1st manifestations of cytopenia]. PMID- 6960543 TI - Efficient management of pain due to pulpal or periapical pathosis. PMID- 6960544 TI - Prevention of plaque formation in preschool children by daily brushing with 0.4% stannous fluoride gel: a feasibility study. PMID- 6960546 TI - Operation IDENT. PMID- 6960545 TI - Evidence for a platelet membrane defect in the myeloproliferative syndromes. AB - Bleeding and abnormal platelet aggregation occur in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. In this study, twenty patients were examined, some sequentially, and a proportion found to have defective aggregation toward adrenaline, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and collagen. In these seven patients, the abnormality in platelet response with defective collagen-induced [14C]serotonin release correlated with poor collagen-stimulated thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production. In contrast, five of these patients showed a normal threshold aggregation response to arachidonic acid. The combined results suggest that in these patients, there is a defect between receptor-stimulus coupling and the mobilization of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipid. PMID- 6960547 TI - How the insurance consultant can help you. PMID- 6960548 TI - Dentists and the office rental bind. PMID- 6960549 TI - [Surgical correction of jaw anomalies. III. Plastic surgery]. PMID- 6960550 TI - Risk-benefit considerations in pedodontic radiology. PMID- 6960551 TI - The patient with severe hypodontia in the dental practice. PMID- 6960552 TI - [Autotransplantation of teeth: a clinical treatment method]. PMID- 6960553 TI - Carboquone therapy for hematologic neoplasms. AB - A daily oral dose of 1-2 mg of Carboquone was administered for remission induction to 38 patients with hematologic malignancy, and the following results were obtained: 2 of the 3 patients with malignant lymphoma, 1 of the 12 patients with multiple myeloma, 13 of the 14 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, and all 9 patients with polycythemia vera attained complete remission. PMID- 6960555 TI - Caries and its relationship to diet and ethnic group. PMID- 6960554 TI - [Dosage distributions in the jaw region during pantomography and whole mouth dental radiography]. PMID- 6960556 TI - [An apparatus to determine the temporomandibular joint axis in relation to the midsagittal cephalometric plane]. PMID- 6960557 TI - An investigation to determine the frequency of resistance of plaque bacteria to certain antimicrobial drugs. PMID- 6960558 TI - The vitamin C content of foods. PMID- 6960559 TI - Treatment of avulsed or displaced permanent teeth. PMID- 6960560 TI - The fluoride content of tea. PMID- 6960562 TI - Masticatory function. PMID- 6960561 TI - A radiological study of the frequency and distribution of impacted teeth. PMID- 6960563 TI - Fibre optics in dentistry. PMID- 6960564 TI - Malingering--a case report. PMID- 6960565 TI - [The progression over time of the inflammatory process in periodontal disease]. PMID- 6960566 TI - [A model for periodontal lesions]. PMID- 6960567 TI - [The incisive canal]. PMID- 6960568 TI - [Arteries in the periodontium in the lower jaw of man]. PMID- 6960569 TI - [Autotransplantation of impacted upper canines]. PMID- 6960570 TI - [The correlation of orthodontic abnormalities and upper respiratory tract infections in school-aged children]. PMID- 6960571 TI - [Clinical and experimental study of the influence of sex hormones on the etiology of jaw and tooth anomalies]. PMID- 6960572 TI - [The lower jaw and speech (III). A sample of subjects with acquired cleft palate]. PMID- 6960573 TI - [Dangers of transmission and preventive measures for hepatitis B in dentistry]. PMID- 6960574 TI - [Soft lining acrylic resins and silicones (composition - physicochemical properties]. PMID- 6960575 TI - [The fixed prosthesis today. Thesis on the dental alloy. Introduction to the subject]. PMID- 6960576 TI - [General concepts on metals and alloys]. PMID- 6960577 TI - [Behavior of dental alloys in laboratory procedures: classical alloys]. PMID- 6960578 TI - [Replanting a dead tooth after the healing of the socket. Reference to two cases of autograft dental implants]. PMID- 6960579 TI - [Biocompatibility of the new dental alloys]. PMID- 6960580 TI - [Clinical-biological observations concerning the biocompatibility of alloys]. PMID- 6960581 TI - [The contribution of the dentist in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Case report]. PMID- 6960583 TI - [Tongue necrosis in Horton's disease]. PMID- 6960582 TI - [Laboratory finishing of the alloy. New alloy]. PMID- 6960584 TI - [The relation of the diameters of maxillary permanent incisors in II/1 malocclusion]. PMID- 6960585 TI - [Our experiences in the treatment of fractures of angulus mandibuli using the transoral approach of wire osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6960587 TI - [Laboratory and scanning electronic examinations of aluminium oxide ceramic]. PMID- 6960586 TI - [Incidence of Carabelli's cusp on upper molars in Yugoslavia and in several other populations]. PMID- 6960588 TI - [Application of reinforced wire splints in immobilization of replanted teeth]. PMID- 6960589 TI - [Experimental study of the fibrinolytic activity in the inflamed alveolar socket]. PMID- 6960590 TI - Lithium and granulocytopenia during induction treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Twelve adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) received lithium carbonate, 300 mg, three times a day during induction treatment. They were compared to 12 similar patients consecutively treated with the same induction regimen; patients and controls were comparable for age, degree and presence of splenomegaly, hemoglobin level, blast cell count, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count and platelet count at diagnosis. All patients developed a severe neutropenia. PMN count at nadir was slightly higher in the lithium group, but not at a level of statistical significance (p = 0.100). The median number of days with PMN less than 1 x 10(9)/liter was 4 in the lithium group and 14.5 in the non lithium group (p = 0.014), while the median number of days with PMN less than 0.5 x 10(9)/liter was 0 and 2 days, respectively (p = 0.004). Duration of thrombocytopenia was similar in the 2 groups and so was the remission rate; 2 infective episodes occurred, one in the lithium group and one in the controls. PMID- 6960591 TI - Phase II study of 4'epi-doxorubicin. AB - Sixty-five patients with advanced solid tumors were treated with 4'epi doxorubicin, a new analogue of doxorubicin (DXR). Forty-three of 61 evaluable patients had not received previous chemotherapy and/or hormonal treatment. 4'Epi doxorubicin has been administered at the dose of 75 mg/m2 i.v. once every 21 days, for a minimum of 2 courses. The pattern of acute toxicity was similar to that of DXR. Transient electrocardiographic abnormalities were found in about 50% of patients. The ratio of pre-ejection period to the left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) increased within 1 h after drug injection and returned to near basal values after 24 h. Three patients received a total dose of more than 550 mg/m2, still maintaining a baseline PEP/LVET ratio near to pretreatment values. Up to now, no patient has developed clinical signs of heart failure. Partial responses were seen in patients with tumors generally sensitive to DXR such as breast carcinoma (6 of 14) and soft tissue sarcomas (2 of 6), and in patients with tumors generally resistant to DXR such as melanoma (1 of 9), colorectal carcinoma (3 of 18) and pancreatic carcinoma (1 of 2). These data suggest that 4'epi-doxorubicin may have a broader spectrum of antitumor activity than DXR. PMID- 6960592 TI - Studies in familial multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6960593 TI - Prevention of EAE with monoclonal anti-I-A antibodies. PMID- 6960594 TI - [Dynamic changes in the kinin system of the blood plasma in acute leukemia]. PMID- 6960595 TI - [Changes in activity of various serum lysosomal enzymes in children with acute leukemia]. PMID- 6960596 TI - [Our profession. Functions - structures - problems. Partnership as a basis for cooperation and results]. PMID- 6960597 TI - [Synthetics for dental consideration. Criteria - development - aspects]. PMID- 6960598 TI - [Psychosomatic pain control with laughing gas analgesia (II). Action - indications - contraindications]. PMID- 6960599 TI - [Review of the effects of partial dentures]. PMID- 6960600 TI - [Development of treatment concepts]. PMID- 6960601 TI - [Behavior in case of failure]. PMID- 6960602 TI - [We must all break the ring of distrust]. PMID- 6960603 TI - [Jaw maldevelopment due to loss of deciduous teeth]. PMID- 6960604 TI - [Orientation aids for the regulation of analgesia]. PMID- 6960605 TI - [Intubation anesthesia? Caution!]. PMID- 6960606 TI - [Fear shrinks with "walkman" music]. PMID- 6960607 TI - [The Marburger prevention model]. PMID- 6960608 TI - [Development, organization, follow-through, and results of dental care programs]. PMID- 6960610 TI - [Efficiency analysis of an enzyme combination as a plaque inhibitor]. PMID- 6960609 TI - [Sodium fluoride lacquer and individual counseling as a combined method for caries prevention]. PMID- 6960611 TI - [Development of cleft rehabilitation in Germany]. PMID- 6960612 TI - [Counseling for families with isolated cleft lip-jaw-palate and cleft palate]. PMID- 6960613 TI - [Changes in orofacial system from cleft lip, jaw, palate, and velum]. PMID- 6960614 TI - [Classification and documentation of cleft lip, jaw, palate and velum]. PMID- 6960615 TI - [Orthodontic treatment phases in cleft lip, jaw, palate, and velum]. PMID- 6960616 TI - [Logopedic care of cleft lip, jaw, palate and velum]. PMID- 6960617 TI - [Polishing amalgam]. PMID- 6960618 TI - [Symptomatic or curative endodontics?]. PMID- 6960619 TI - [Antibiotic therapy in pregnancy]. PMID- 6960620 TI - [Early complications and effectiveness of abortion induction with PG F2 alpha]. AB - Early morbidity was studied in 466 primigravidae, following induced abortion by intermittent intra-uterine extra-amniotic application of PG F2 alpha. The rate of inflammatory complications was reduced from 8.2 to 3.4 per cent by reduced indwelling of the intra-uterine application probe. Correlations were found to exist also between time and method to complete interruption and infectious morbidity. Variation in application time depressed the number of incomplete abortions and called more often for additional mechanical dilatation of the cervix. The modified method proved to be sufficiently effective, the more as cost, need for personnel, and inflammatory morbidity were favourably affected. PMID- 6960621 TI - [CPAP unit TPA-1 (Medicor-Budapest)]. PMID- 6960622 TI - 3-Mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase from rat erythrocytes. AB - 3-Mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (EC 2.8.1.2) was isolated from rat erythrocytes and purified to apparent homogeneity. On disc electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing the enzyme showed microheterogeneity; four enzymatically active microzones of isoelectric points ranging from 5.5 to 7.5, resistant to neuraminidase treatment were detected. The molecular mass of the enzyme determined by the density gradient ultracentrifugation, gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was found to be about 36,000. The enzyme is a sialoprotein composed of 219 amino acid and 38 carbohydrate residues. Kinetic parameters of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase from rat erythrocytes were similar to those found for the enzymes isolated from rat liver and Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme was very unstable; spontaneous inactivation could be partly prevented by glycerol (1:5, v/v). PMID- 6960623 TI - Aspects of the toxicology of 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet light. PMID- 6960625 TI - JCAH perspective: quality assurance in anesthesia services. PMID- 6960624 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid prealbumins in children with lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6960626 TI - Acantholytic cells in pemphigus. A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. AB - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on oral scrapings from seven patients with pemphigus vulgaris and one with pemphigus vegetans as well as on skin samples from one of those with pemphigus vulgaris. The unstained, fixed, critical-point dried cells were identified with the aid of a light microscope. On the basis of the surface appearance, three main types of acantholytic cells were identified: smooth-surfaced, wrinkled, and microvillous. The acantholytic cells were rounded to ovoid and some showed either a central bulging or a concavity. Small, rounded to ovoid holes or indentations (diameter 0.1-0.3 mumol) were observed on most cell surfaces. The surfaces of acantholytic cells were occasionally occupied by a few micro-organisms. Neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leucocyte/acantholytic cell rosettes were studied by SEM. No gap between acantholytic cell and surrounding leucocytes could be demonstrated. It is postulated that neutrophils may mediate the cytolysis of antibody-coated acantholytic cells. Oral scrapings from one patient with pemphigus vulgaris were collected for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The acantholytic cells were rounded or ovoid and usually had centrally placed nuclei. Tonofilaments were either randomly distributed or concentrically arranged around the nucleus. In other acantholytic cells there was a halo containing vesicles of varying size around the nucleus. TEM findings suggest that acantholytic cells represent dead or dying cells. Both TEM and SEM findings suggest that when acantholytic cells first separate they may show variable numbers of microvilli, which are probably lost in older acantholytic cells. PMID- 6960627 TI - On intraoral potential- and polarization-measurements of metallic restorations. A methodological and time dependent clinical study. AB - A study was conducted to scrutinize the precision of a method for in vivo potential and polarization measurements. The variation with time of the magnitude of currents created at contacts between metallic dental restorations of varying age was also studied. The precision found indicates that the method allows for comparatively precise measurements of potentials to be taken. Studies of performed measurements of polarizations show that the precision of these measurements varies somewhat with contact conditions and the areas of restorations examined. The precision of the currents calculated was found sufficient for precise enough calculation to be made of the magnitude of currents created in the oral cavity. The study also shows a decrease with time of the magnitude of currents created at contact between metallic dental restorations of varying age. PMID- 6960628 TI - Masticatory efficiency of complete denture patients. A clinical examination of potential changes at the transition from old to new denture. AB - The masticatory efficiency was studied among 19 complete denture wearers with their old and new dentures. The test chewing material was gelatin hardened by formalin. A standardized preparation of the test chewing material and the sieve system is described. The patients were tested on seven different occasions from the period with the old dentures until about 1.5 years after the insertion of the new dentures. The test pieces were chewed for ten seconds--a practice test--20 seconds and until ready to be swallowed. The chewed material was strained in a sieve-system and masticatory efficiency indices were calculated. The results revealed no statistical significant differences in masticatory efficiency between any of the seven testing occasions with the method used. Thus no significant difference was noticed when patients changed from old to new dentures or during the first 18 months after insertion of new dentures. PMID- 6960629 TI - The effect of penicillin- and tetracycline-containing medicaments on the microhardness of human dental enamel. An in vitro study. AB - While the sugar content of various medicaments has been accepted as a hazard to dental health, the possible detrimental effect of the medicaments per se has been largely overlooked. In the present study the microhardness of dental enamel was examined before and after the exposure to various salts of penicillin, to tetracycline chloride, and to human saliva. The Vickers hardness index was found to 1. remain stable or increase slightly in enamel exposed to saliva, nonaqueous penicillin suspensions and certain watery solutions of phenoxymethylpenicillin calcium. 2. decrease to a moderate degree in most aqueous penicillin solutions, and 3. decrease drastically in tetracycline solutions and in phenoxymethylpenicillin calcium solutions containing citrate. The results indicate that a direct reaction may take place between the dental enamel and the medicament and/or its degradation products when antibiotic compounds are taken per os. PMID- 6960630 TI - Plaque and gingivitis in a group of Swedish schoolchildren with special reference to toothbrushing habits. AB - The plaque and gingival condition in 232 Swedish schoolchildren aged 13-14 years has been related to the following predictors; plaque, toothbrushing frequency and technique, bristle stiffness of the toothbrush, smoking habits, use of snuff, social class and sex. Multiple regression analyses have been performed in order to explain the variation of plaque index and of gingival index employing these predictors. Significant predictors of plaque index were toothbrushing frequency, sex (boys), number of cigarettes and social class. The predictors which significantly aggravated gingival inflammation were: plaque, use of snuff and the toothbrushing method "modified Bass". The slight gingival inflammation due to toothbrushing with the modified Bass' method was not due to inferior plaque removal. PMID- 6960631 TI - Compressive creep of light cured resin based restorative materials. AB - Creep characteristics of four light activated composite of different composition were determined at 37 and 50 degrees C. The creep properties were compared with the composition of the materials. The microfill material had higher creep values than those with conventional inorganic particles; possibly due to the inhomogenous distribution of the agglomerated inorganic microfill particles. Furthermore, the fraction of inorganic particles was less than in the conventional composite materials. One conventional composite, however, had nearly the same creep values as the microfill material. The content of a large monomer molecule and poor conversion in this conventional composite material may have contributed to a plasticizing effect. The composite material with the lowest creep values had an oligomer/monomer system leading to short branches with pendant methacrylate groups after polymerization and relatively good conversion. PMID- 6960632 TI - Appearance of surfaces of dental amalgam in contact with gold. An in vivo study. AB - 90 combined gold-amalgam specimens of three dental gold alloys and two amalgams were placed subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and in the cheek pouches of 15 golden hamsters. The appearance of the amalgam surfaces after one week was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The results showed that among the implants there was an obvious difference between the conventional amalgam and the non-y2 amalgam specimens as regards accumulation of plaque, which was much more pronounced on the conventional amalgams. The cheek pouch specimens with conventional amalgams differed markedly from the corresponding implant specimens, showing very little plaque accumulation. Some possible explanations for these observations are discussed. PMID- 6960633 TI - Uranium content in porcelain denture teeth and in porcelain powders for ceramic crowns. AB - Some porcelain denture teeth and porcelain powders marketed in Sweden haven been analyzed for the content of uranium. The fission track method and the delayed neutron technique were the methods used. Compared to results published previously the content of uranium was generally found to be lower in the brands analyzed. The denture teeth contained 23-186 ppm for Anatoform, 35-137 ppm for Myerson, 15 45 ppm for Candulor G and 20-53 ppm for Vivopearl. The baked and fired porcelain powders showed values of about 2.8 ppm at most, those in the form of powder about 25 ppm at most. The radiation dose to the mucosa of the upper lip was calculated and is discussed. PMID- 6960634 TI - Antibiotic compounds and enamel demineralization. An in vitro study. AB - Discoloration, pigmentation and even caries-like lesions have been reported in teeth subsequent to per oral administration of antibiotics. The present in vitro study examines the possible medicament/tooth reaction by exposing plane, polished enamel surfaces to aqueous solutions or oily suspensions of various commonly used penicillin compounds, or to solutions of tetracycline sodium. The teeth were examined by visual inspection, microhardness tests, scanning electron microscopy and microradiography. pH and [Ca2+] of the test solutions were analyzed by potentiometry. Surface or subsurface lesions and a decline in microhardness were found in (most) enamel specimens exposed to aqueous solutions of the medicaments. Similar changes were found in test specimens immersed in deionized water, while saliva, oily suspensions of the medicaments and aqueous solutions made from ordinary Ca-penicillin had no adverse affect on the enamel. The most serious destruction was seen in enamel specimens submerged in watery solutions made from effervescent (citrate-containing) Ca-penicillin, or from tetracycline. A slight decline in pH was observed in the aqueous solutions during the experiment. The calcium ion concentration did not increase parallel to enamel destruction. PMID- 6960635 TI - The effect of the phenytoin metabolite p-HPPH on proliferation of gingival fibroblasts in vitro. AB - The effect of the major phenytoin metabolite-5-(parahydroxyphenyl)-5 phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH) was studied on cultures on human fibroblast-like cells grown out from explanted gingival biopsies. The explants were taken from children undergoing phenytoin medication. The results showed that the number of cells per culture decreased whereas the protein and DNA-contents remained relatively unaffected. This effect was most pronounced at the concentrations of 0.20 micrograms/ml p-HPPH. The results indicate that the metabolite interfere with cell division without affecting protein or DNA synthesis. PMID- 6960636 TI - Fetal growth patterns in a population of Danish newborn infants. PMID- 6960637 TI - An epidemiological study of hypospadias in Sweden. PMID- 6960638 TI - Capillary neoformation in the heart and skeletal muscle during dipyridamole- treatment and exercise. PMID- 6960640 TI - Sleep movements and associated autonomic nervous activities in young male adults. PMID- 6960639 TI - [A comparison of the toxicities of 4-(ethoxycarbophenyl) retinamide and some other retinoids]. PMID- 6960641 TI - A manual for the assessment of schizophrenia. PMID- 6960642 TI - Urinary excretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha during volume expansion in patients with glomerulonephritis. AB - Thirteen patients with active IgA glomerulonephritis (IgA GN), ten patients with a history of Henoch-Schonlein glomerulonephritis (HS GN) and nine healthy controls were studied during hydropenia (HP) and 3% volume expansion (VE) with isotonic saline. Clearance of inulin and para-aminohippurate, urinary excretion of Na, immunoreactive prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) were determined. The patients with a history of HS GN had normal blood pressure and renal function. As in the controls, the urinary excretion of PGF 2 alpha decreased and the excretion of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha increased during VE. In the patients with IgA GN the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was normal, markedly reduced and supernormal. Five patients had hypertension and an increased NA excretion in relation to the GFR during VE. As a group, the patients with IgA GN increased their urinary excretion of 6-keto PGF1 alpha during VE, while the excretion of PGF2 alpha did not change. In relation to the GFR, the urinary excretion of PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was markedly increased in two patients with low GFR, which implies that these substances play a role in advanced renal disease. VE had little effect on PG excretion in these patients. In the hypertensive patients the urinary excretion of PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was the same as in those with normal blood pressure. PGs are therefore not likely to mediate the increased natriuretic response to VE in hypertension. PMID- 6960643 TI - Psychological and hemodynamic factors in borderline hypertension. PMID- 6960644 TI - Mitral stenosis after closed commissurotomy. A clinical and echocardiographic long-term follow-up study. PMID- 6960646 TI - Cologne atherosclerosis conference No. 1: Inflammatory aspects. 1st Cologne Atherosclerosis Conference, Cologne, May 5-7, 1982. PMID- 6960645 TI - The significance of the subclassifications of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The development of new methodologies in cellular immunology, enzymology, and cytogenetics as well as the detailed analysis of patient characteristics in long term clinical studies have facilitated the subclassification of ALL in ways that ultimately will prove to be beneficial to children with this disease by extending survival and improving overall cure rates. At present, the distinction of T cell leukemia is recognized as necessary for its optimal treatment, and as information now being collected is analyzed and treatment regimens are refined, other subtypes of ALL are likely to become therapeutically distinct. The simple morphologic diagnosis of ALL and arbitrary implementation of a standard therapeutic regimen no longer can be considered appropriate care for the child with leukemia. Only by detailed study of each case at diagnosis can these goals be achieved. PMID- 6960647 TI - Enzyme histochemical studies of the homogeneity of the mononuclear phagocyte system with special reference to the synovium. AB - The cytogenetic relationship between synovial lining cell type A and macrophages both involved in joint destruction is still obscure. By means of enzyme histochemistry we tried to demonstrate marker enzymes of macrophages, like non specific esterase and acid phosphatase in lining cells of normal and arthritic rats too. The pattern of esterase-positive cells depends on the arrangement of the lining cell layer. In flat layers single cells and in compact layers the upper row of cells react positively. The activity of acid phosphatase is negligible as compared with macrophages in liver, lung, or spleen. In arthritic joints acid phosphatase of lining cells increases and non-specific esterase concomitantly decreases. In the subsynovial tissue large amounts of esterase positive cells occur. In these enzyme histochemical studies the pattern of marker enzymes may be indicative for a population of macrophages within the lining cell layer still under normal conditions. PMID- 6960648 TI - Stimulation of the oxidative burst in macrophages with platelet activating factor (PAF-acether). PMID- 6960649 TI - Inflammation: crucial areas and clinical relevance. AB - Inflammation as mediated by different cooperating components is basically a protective and reparative response to tissue injury. Inflammation however itself can also be the cause of tissue destruction in certain clinical situations. Factors which might be responsible to specify or select the area in which inflammation will occur are still largely speculative. Of central importance in inflammatory reactions is the blood vessel system which serves as transport system and which itself might become the target organ of a chronic perpetuating inflammatory process. The latter is the case in certain clinical syndromes, in which factors are ill understood which are influencing a local or systemic inflammatory reaction. PMID- 6960650 TI - Active oxygen metabolites and their action in the hepatocyte. Studies on chemiluminescence responses and alkane production. AB - "Oxidative stress" takes place in animal tissues when the balance between the cellular defense mechanisms (glutathione cycle, superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin E, etc.) and conditions capable of triggering oxidative reactions is altered. The oxidative reactions which occur under a variety of conditions were assessed by two non-invasive methods, low-level chemiluminescence and volatile hydrocarbon production. Oxidative stress induced by hyperoxia or organic hydroperoxides in isolated hepatocytes or the perfused liver, respectively, is accompanied by low-level chemiluminescence, the intensity of which is enhanced upon perturbation of the glutathione cycle system, i.e., glutathione depletion and/or selenium deficiency. Oxidative stress during redox cycling of paraquat, when infused into the perfused liver, is not accompanied by light emission, whereas menadione, a substance also capable of redox cycling, was found to elicit photoemission under similar conditions. The basal rates of ethane release by the perfused liver are enhanced during oxidative conditions such as metabolism of hydroperoxides, paraquat redox cycling, and ethanol oxidation. Alkane release during the latter involves the participation of alcohol dehydrogenase and further products of ethanol oxidation, i.e., acetaldehyde, as well as free radicals in some stage of the process. In vivo ethane release by animals with adjuvant arthritis was found higher than in controls, presumably due to a systemic response of liver to inflammation. PMID- 6960651 TI - Antigen induced arthritis: antigen handling and chronicity of joint inflammation. AB - Data are summarized on antigen handling by the joint and the relevance of antigen retention for the chronicity of joint inflammation. Antigen retention may occur at collagenous structures of the joint, when antibodies are present in these tissues or simply when the charge of an antigen favours nonimmune binding at the highly charged collagenous tissues. Antigen retention will change with alterations in antibody load and fixed charge density of these tissues. Longterm retained antigen seems not inflammatory at the retention sites, but its importance for the chronicity of joint inflammation may lie in the continuous leakage of small amounts to other compartments, where it does behave as an inflammatory stimulus, thereby rendering the joint specifically hypersensitive to antigen. Such a joint reacts to minute amounts of antigen in the circulation leading to exacerbation of smouldering joint inflammation. PMID- 6960652 TI - The microvasculature in inflammation. AB - During inflammation, neutrophils migrate out of blood vessels into the surrounding tissues. A number of studies in vivo have indicated that chemotactic factors, particularly fragments derived from the fifth component of complement, are able to mediate this emigration. The ability of C5 fragments to induce migration of neutrophils through the endothelium and internal elastic lamina of the rabbit carotid artery in vivo was investigated. Application of C5 fragments to the adventitial surface of the artery, in combination with either mechanical trauma or the simultaneous administration of PGE2, resulted in neutrophil adherence to the endothelium and migration into the vessel wall. The demonstrated ability of neutrophils to interact with the endothelial cells of large arteries validates to some extent the use of readily available large vessel endothelium for the in vitro examination of neutrophil-endothelial cell adherence, the initial step in the process of emigration. A sensitive, reproducible assay has been established which allows the assessment of neutrophil adherence to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. Adherence could be stimulated in vitro in a dose-response fashion by the addition of chemotactic factors, either fMetLeuPhe or C5 fragments. The synergistic effect of PGE2 observed in the in vivo transmigration system was not apparent in the in vitro adherence assay. It is possible that PGE2 does not participate at the level of the initial neutrophil endothelial adhesive interaction. Pretreatment of the endothelium with the chemotactic factors failed to induce increased adherence and may suggest that the effect of chemotactic factors on adherence is primarily, if not entirely, limited to the neutrophil. PMID- 6960653 TI - Blood flow, vascular permeability and the role of neutrophils. PMID- 6960654 TI - Effects of xanthine: xanthine oxidase on membrane function: an in vitro model of endothelial damage. AB - Endothelial damage caused by the oxidative species from activated granulocytes has been studied in vitro using the cell-free oxygen radical generating system, xanthine: xanthine oxidase and cultured porcine aortic endothelium. Increasing concentrations of xanthine oxidase caused dose dependent effects on the following functions, 86Rb efflux, prostaglandin production, release of 3H from adenine nucleotides, adenine uptake, 51chromium release and cell morphology. The threshold concentration of xanthine oxidase required for these effects varied by approximately 30 fold, 86Rb+ efflux being affected first at 0.003 units/ml of enzyme. Xanthine oxidase alone had a dose-dependent effect on 86Rb+ efflux which was heat labile and potentiated by xanthine. Neither superoxide dismutase (SOD) nor catalase (CAT) affected the response to xanthine: xanthine oxidase but a mixture of SOD and CAT reduced it by approximately 50% to the response to enzyme alone. Therefore the effect of xanthine: xanthine oxidase has at least two components, one due to enzyme alone and one due to the oxidation of xanthine, probably resulting from an interaction of oxygen radicals and hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 6960655 TI - [The Langerhans cells in the cornea and the conjunctiva: its distribution and Ia antigens]. PMID- 6960656 TI - A case of vestibular neuronitis related to the pericoronitis of the mandibular impacted wisdom tooth. PMID- 6960657 TI - [Maxillary surgical management of keratocysts in basocellular nevus syndrome]. PMID- 6960658 TI - [Surgical management of recurrent luxations and subluxations of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6960659 TI - [Is there a method of eradicating cervicofacial actinomycosis? Why? How?]. PMID- 6960660 TI - [Cervicofacial fistulas and cysts. Attempt at classification]. PMID- 6960661 TI - [Vasodentin and osteodentin - extraordinary structural characteristics of human deciduous teeth]. PMID- 6960662 TI - [The role of certain relevant factors in temporal aberrations of tooth eruption]. PMID- 6960663 TI - [The relation of epithelial changes in the oral mucosa to aging in patients with subjective oral symptoms]. PMID- 6960664 TI - [Social-medical approach in the prevention of oral diseases in children]. PMID- 6960665 TI - [The effect of deciduous tooth injuries on the permanent successors]. PMID- 6960666 TI - [An analysis of propolis using a thin layer chromatography method]. PMID- 6960667 TI - [Prevention of pulpopathies in current dental therapy]. PMID- 6960668 TI - [Recent data on sodium hypochlorite]. PMID- 6960669 TI - [The effectiveness of removable prosthetic therapy]. PMID- 6960670 TI - [The significance of conformity of the shape of a face with the shape of the upper central incisors]. PMID- 6960671 TI - [Pathological processes in the oral mucosa and changes in its permeability in relation to the lipid composition of saliva]. PMID- 6960672 TI - [Pain as an important factor on child behaviour in the dental office]. PMID- 6960673 TI - [Results of nonsurgical therapy of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6960674 TI - Role of prosthetic therapy in the rehabilitation of the hemiplegic patient. PMID- 6960675 TI - [Epidemiology of non-compliance in orthodontic case histories]. PMID- 6960676 TI - [Injuries to deciduous teeth in a clinical population of preschool children in Zagreb]. PMID- 6960677 TI - The development of normal occlusion. PMID- 6960679 TI - Occlusion: paradox or panacea? A clinician's concept. PMID- 6960678 TI - Biologic approach to occlusion: morphology, classification, physiology. PMID- 6960680 TI - Coronal reshaping. PMID- 6960682 TI - The importance of adult orthodontics in the management of occlusal problems. PMID- 6960681 TI - Incisal guidance and the management of esthetic and dysfunctional problems. PMID- 6960683 TI - Temporomandibular joint dysfunction: a review of successful diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. PMID- 6960684 TI - Management of selected occlusal discrepancies of the mixed dentition. PMID- 6960685 TI - Labial resin veneer restorations using visible light cured composite materials. PMID- 6960686 TI - Conservative treatment of the tetracycline stained dentition. PMID- 6960687 TI - The carving time of amalgam. PMID- 6960688 TI - Restoration of the badly broken down tooth. PMID- 6960689 TI - A perspective on appetite disorders. PMID- 6960690 TI - Exposure to phorbol diester (TPA) in vitro as an aid in the classification of blasts in human myelogenous and lymphoid leukemias: in vitro differentiation, growth patterns, and ultrastructural observations. AB - Leukemic cells from the peripheral blood of 52 patients with acute and chronic leukemias were incubated with 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol ester (TPA). Thirty-one cases of lymphocytic leukemia (18 cases of acute lymphoblastic and 13 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia), 13 cases of acute nonlymphoblastic (myelo or myelomonoblastic) leukemia, and eight cases of blastic crisis of CGL (seven cases of predominantly myeloblastic crisis, and one case of lymphoblastic crisis) were studied. In all cases of lymphoid leukemia, cells formed clumps or aggregates after exposure to TPA, while in all cases of myeloid leukemia cells became adherent to the substrate. Seven of the eight cases of blastic crisis of CGL were predominantly myeloid in type and cells adhered to the substrate, while in a single case of lymphoid crisis in CGL cells formed clumps after TPA exposure. Functional, cytochemical, and ultrastructural studies showed altered cell differentiation and continuing in vitro maturation of leukemic cells after exposure to TPA. In the light of the above results, it is concluded that this simple test employing TPA exposure in vitro serves as a reliable means of distinguishing blasts from different origins in human leukemias. PMID- 6960691 TI - Clinical pilot study of a cytotoxic antiserum in myeloblastic leukemia. PMID- 6960692 TI - How many polymorphic genes will it take to span the human genome? AB - It is desirable to know how many polymorphic marker loci will be required so that every human genetic locus can be mapped by classical pedigree methods to a specific region of a specific chromosome. Assuming a total autosomal map length of 33 morgans, it would take only about 33/(2d) evenly spaced markers for every locus to be within d morgans of a marker. Taking into account that the markers will fall randomly along the genome, we show that a much larger number of such loci will have to be isolated and tested before the goal of a saturated gene map is reached. PMID- 6960693 TI - Orthodontic force systems: technical refinements for increased efficiency. AB - The efficiency of the Begg technique suffers because Class II elastics overwhelm anchor bends, which normally do not yield enough force for vertical control of maxillary incisors. This can be improved by attention to detail and modifications. Bite-opening bends in the arch wires distal to canines and lateral incisors, long (6.5 mm.) mesiogingivally angulated molar tubes, and placement of intermaxillary elastics at the distal ends of the tubes are all helpful. Intermaxillary "check elastics," having one end over the posterior end of the maxillary arch wire, both strands under the end of the mandibular arch wire, and the other end up to the maxillary anterior teeth, reinforce anchor bends and extrude upper and lower molars while keeping them upright. They augment bite opening in Stage I and counteract the adverse affects of the auxiliaries in Stage III. PMID- 6960694 TI - Rotation of rectangular wire in rectangular molar tubes. Part II. Pretorqued molar tubes. AB - Buccal tubes from five manufactures producing the new generation of preadjusted (straight wire type) appliances were tested to determine the amount of rotation various-sized rectangular wires produced prior to binding within the tube. This rotation reflected the amount of torquing force dissipated because of the interaction of the wires and tube. In addition, it indicated the degree of compensatory third-order bends needed in the wire to deliver the desired torque force to the tooth. Wire and tube dimensions were measured and compared to manufacturers' stated specifications. The amount of rotation for each manufacturer's tube was compared to the theoretical values based on calculations. Theoretical calculations and published charts of deflection angles based on these calculations give a false impression in that they do not revealed a true expression of the amount of torque dissipated through rotation of the rectangular wire in that tube. There is variation between the manufacturer's stated lumen dimension and the actual lumen size, even beyond the manufacturer's stated tolerances. Rectangular wire will rotate within a rectangular buccal tube to varying degrees, depending upon the size of the wire used and the manufacturer of the appliance. This means that additional torsion or angulation may need to be placed in the wire prior to application intraorally. The amount of this additional torquing of the arch wire will depend upon the manufacturer of the appliance used and will vary from tube to tube of the same manufacturer. PMID- 6960695 TI - The adaptive value of dental crowding: a consideration of the biologic basis of malocclusion. AB - Malocclusion, an ambiguous concept that refers to structural disharmony of the teeth and jaws, can be defined only in reference to normal occlusion. If normal occlusion is synonymous only with ideal occlusion, then normal occlusion becomes a rare occurrence. A biologically valid concept of normal occlusion includes a range of variation in the relevant occlusal variables that is compatible with health and unimpaired function. The difficulty in defining malocclusion is the determination of the point at which normal variation becomes abnormal. A clearer concept of malocclusion is obtained if the occlusal variables that it comprises are considered. Dental crowding is endemic among technologically advanced populations and uncommon in primitive groups. The significant elements in the development of most dental crowding are mesial migration and the lack of interproximal attrition. Mesial migration of the posterior teeth provides the functional replacement for the tooth surface lost to attrition because of the rigors of a primitive diet. In modern man there is little attrition of the teeth because of a soft, processed diet; this can result in dental crowding and impaction of the third molars. It is postulated that the tooth-jaw size discrepancy apparent in modern man as dental crowding is, in primitive man, a crucial biologic adaptation imposed by the selection pressures of a demanding diet that maintains sufficient chewing surface area for long-term survival. Selection pressures for teeth large enough to withstand a rigorous diet have been relaxed only recently in advanced populations, and the slow pace of evolutionary change has not yet brought the teeth and jaws into harmonious relationship. PMID- 6960696 TI - The initial reaction of a macerated human skull caused by orthodontic cervical traction determined by laser metrology. AB - Tensile forces were applied to the maxilla of a macerated human skull in a backward direction 10 degrees below the occlusal plane. The skull was fixed to a heavy metal support at the occipital and parietal bones. These forces were applied near the first permanent molars via a rigid stainless steel bar, which was fitted to a cast-metal splint attached to the palatal surface and buccal region of the maxillary arch. Forces were increased step by step from 2.0 N (1N = 100 grams) to 7.25 N per side. Using a holographic configuration with two 5 mW HeNe lasers, double-exposure holograms were made from the frontal and from the left lateral sides. Fringe shifts in different points of the hologram were measured and the x, y, and z components of the displacement were calculated for eight points located on various bones of the skull. Viewed from the frontal, force application to the maxilla resulted in a downward and backward rotation. The zygomatic bone was also rotated downward and backward with a small rotation in a transverse direction. Other craniofacial structures were also affected. With a force of 7.25 N per side, a deformation of the temporal bones and zygomatic arches occurred. PMID- 6960697 TI - The initial effects of orthopedic forces: a study of alterations in the craniofacial complex of a macerated human skull owing to high-pull headgear traction. AB - The initial reaction of components of the craniofacial skeleton of a macerated human skull was studied after high-pull headgear traction. The applied forces were increased step by step from 0.5 N to 3.25 N per side (1N = 100 grams). Laser holography was used for measuring displacements in three dimensions in seventeen indicator points on the skull. These points were located near sutures or on the outer surface of individual bones. The skull was observed from the right frontal and from the left lateral side. Results indicate that displacements range from 0 micrometer to 17.0 micrometers, depending on force magnitude and on the location of the observed point. Individual components of the craniofacial skeleton were mostly displaced in a horizontal backward direction when the skull was viewed from the frontal aspect. Various compression and shearing patterns were observed in the craniofacial sutures, apparently depending on their spatial locations and intersutural surface morphology. PMID- 6960698 TI - Posteroanterior traction in maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder syndrome). A roentgen stereometric study with the aid of metallic implants. AB - The study was undertaken to examine the effect of posteroanterior traction in an 11-year-old boy with maxillonasal dysplasia. Movement of the maxillary bones and of the mandible was recorded, by means of roentgen stereophotogrammetry, in relationship to the frontal bone during and after treatment. In the examined child face-mask therapy mainly influenced the position of the mandible while the recorded advancement of the maxillary bones was slight (0.6 mm.). It is possible that the limited maxillary response to traction may be due to insufficient growth capacity of the circummaxillary sutures in a child with maxillonasal dysplasia. While movement of the maxillary bones and of the mandible during traction conformed with the pattern of treatment effect described by Delaire a total maxillary relapse occurred in the posttreatment observation period (no retention), possibly in adaptation to the retropositioned mandible. In our patient, posteroanterior traction accomplished improvement of the maxillary retrusion in relationship to the mandible only. PMID- 6960699 TI - The functional matrix revisited. PMID- 6960700 TI - Mandibular movement during autorotation as a result of maxillary impaction surgery. AB - With increasing use of maxillary surgery to reduce vertical dimension, it would be appropriate to evaluate methods of predicting autorotation of the mandible. Experimental data derived from edentulous patients using metallic implants embedded in occlusal wax rims matched geometrically analyzed clinical data accumulated from twenty-three patients treated by maxillary impaction procedures. The center of rotation of mandibular autorotation during maxillary surgical impaction has been represented in the literature as the center of the condyle. Our evidence with lateral head films taken in centric occlusion supports a different instantaneous center of rotation located within the mastoid region. Modification of prediction tracing techniques by orthodontists and oral surgeons engaged in maxillary surgery could be indicated. PMID- 6960701 TI - A cephalometric evaluation of hard- and soft-tissue changes during the third stage of Begg treatment. AB - This study examined the effect of lingual root torque during the third stage of Begg treatment upon the maxillary central incisor, hard-tissue Point A, and soft tissue Point A. Lateral cephalograms were taken, at the beginning and end of Stage III, of eighteen patients undergoing Begg treatment. Linear and angular measurements were made in an attempt to find the anteroposterior changes which occurred in the above structures as well as the superior-inferior changes which occurred in the maxillary first molar and the maxillary central incisor. It was found that the apex of the maxillary incisor, Point A, and soft-tissue Point A moved posteriorly a significant amount following Stage III mechanics. Also, the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor moved anteriorly and extruded significantly. Weak correlations between hard- and soft-tissue changes may be due to changes in thickness of the upper lip related to growth and to growth of the nose. PMID- 6960702 TI - Extraction of third molars in cases of anticipated crowding in the lower jaw. AB - The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the lower third molar, in combination with other variables such as facial morphology and space conditions, can contribute to the occurrence or aggravation of crowding. The subjects consisted of twenty-three boys and twenty-nine girls with impacted third molars on both sides of the mandible. The impacted molar on one side was removed, while the other, nonextracted side was used as a control. Average age at the time of operation was 15.5 years (range, 13 to 19). Close to the operation and annually for at least 3 years afterward, study casts and cephalograms (lateral, frontal, and oblique) were taken. The findings indicated that (1) despite analyses of many variables, this study has not been able to predict which patients should react favorably or unfavorably to removal of the third lower molars in cases of anticipated crowding; (2) in cases with severe crowding removal of the molars could be recommended; (3) correct proximal contacts seem to be of importance in keeping the space that is achieved by extraction, while incorrect ones may spoil it. PMID- 6960703 TI - Gingival response to removable orthodontic appliances. AB - The gingival state of twenty-four young patients (mean age 9.4 years) wearing simple removable orthodontic appliances was assessed and followed at monthly intervals for 4 months. In nine of the patients intentional relief of the appliance was made in the upper right area. The plaque index levels were similar in both "relief" and "no-relief" groups and reached a similar score at 4 months. The gingival index was significantly higher in the "relief" group, and all five cases that showed gingival hyperplasia of the experimental area belonged to this group. PMID- 6960704 TI - Orthodontics--a proud specialty. PMID- 6960705 TI - Sequential neuromuscular changes in rhesus monkeys during the initial adaptation to oral respiration. AB - Experimental induction of oral respiration in primates altered the neuromuscular use of specific craniofacial muscles. Obstruction of the nasal passage in the rhesus monkey induced changes in the electromyographic discharge (EMG) of both mandibular and facial muscles during the first 6 months of adaptation. Eighteen craniofacial muscles were studied with regard to their type of neuromuscular pattern. The EMG discharge was analyzed in terms of whether it had a rhythmic discharge or a continuous recruitment of motor units. The results of the investigation revealed that certain muscles in the control monkey using nasal respiration could be rhythmically or continuously active, but no significant trend was apparent with either pattern over time. In contrast, a significant number of muscles became rhythmically active within the first month of adaptation to oral respiration in the experimental animals. The rhythmic pattern was evident in key muscles that actively depressed the mandible, protruded the tongue, altered the shape of the tongue, and raised the upper lip. Continuous activity was induced in the first month within the suprahyoid region and tongue but later, by the fifth month, in specific lip and elevator muscles. These results suggested that the neuromuscular system adapted immediately to nasal obstruction but would vary as to (1) which muscles would be important in the initial adaptation, (2) the mode of adaptation, and (3) the time when a particular pattern first began to be used. PMID- 6960706 TI - A segmental approach to mandibular molar uprighting. AB - Diagnosis and treatment in molar uprighting are discussed. The over-all objective in molar uprighting is ideal positioning of the molar which will eventually become an abutment tooth for a fixed prosthesis. The ideal position will provide an optimal periodontal environment for the molar(s). The specific objectives concerning protection against inflammatory periodontal diseases and occlusal traumatism, which together determine the optimal periodontal environment, are explained. Emphasis is placed on the biomechanics of molar uprighting which will achieve the desired periodontal treatment result. The specific technique recommended for the instances in which the molar is considerably angulated involves a segmental approach which utilizes a modification of the Burstone root spring. Proper application results in the dissociation of the correction of angulation and the extrusion of the molar tooth. When extrusion of the periodontally involved molar is required, then it should follow the correction of molar angulation. Other advantages of this approach involve the precision and ease of symmetrical preactivation, favorable load/deflection considerations, the low level of patient discomfort, and the reduced tendency of normal function distorting or dislodging the spring. This technique is compared by these parameters to other popular molar-uprighting techniques. It is recognized that a multidisciplinary approach to this type of dental therapy is ideal and that since treatment planning in individual cases varies greatly, each malocclusion and associated periodontal involvement should be evaluated on an individual case basis. PMID- 6960707 TI - A philosophy of combined orthopedic-orthodontic treatment. PMID- 6960708 TI - The Begg technique in Japan, 1961-1979. AB - This article not only describes how the Begg technique has been assimilated in Japan but also disclosed improvements that were made to cope with Japanese malocclusions without collapsing the philosophy of the Begg technique's pioneers. Three cases of mandibular protrusion and bimaxillary protrusion, which account for about 50 percent of orthodontic patients in Japan, demonstrate how the Begg technique was applied. Also, some analysis is made of the various problems that are presently being imposed on the Begg technique. PMID- 6960709 TI - An investigation of the association between anterior open-bite and amelogenesis imperfecta. AB - Fifty subjects with amelogenesis imperfecta were investigated clinically and with cephalometric radiography in order to determine the prevalence and nature of the anterior open-bite, which has been reported in association with these enamel defects. Anterior open-bite occurred in 24 percent of the subjects and was always associated with a severe discrepancy in the vertical relationship of the jaws. This vertical dysgnathia also occurred in a further 20 percent who did not have anterior open-bite. It is suggested that the frequent association of anterior open-bite and amelogenesis imperfecta is caused by a genetically determined anomaly of craniofacial development, rather than by local factors influencing alveolar growth. PMID- 6960710 TI - Orthodontic considerations in the treatment of maxillary impacted canines. AB - The purpose of this article is to describe and discuss a relatively unknown and underestimated technical approach to the orthodontic extrusion of impacted canine teeth. It constitutes a preliminary report of a researcher project conducted in our undergraduate clinics on patients treated for orthodontic extrusion of impacted teeth. Of these patients, twenty-seven had maxillary canine impaction, sixteen unilateral and eleven bilateral, for a total of thirty-eight teeth. Some surgical considerations and various fixation appliances for impactions are discussed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of exerting an extrusive force by means of a Hawley type of removable appliance. PMID- 6960711 TI - Submergence of a deciduous tooth: its ramifications on the dentition and treatment of the resulting malocclusion. PMID- 6960712 TI - Relation of the SNA angle to the NSAr angle in excellent occlusion and in malocclusion. AB - The correlation between the NSAr and the SNA angles was studied in two separate samples. The first sample consisted of twenty young adults with excellent Class I (Angle) occlusion and proportionate facial skeleton, and the second sample consisted of sixty-one children with Class II, Division 1 (Angle) malocclusion. In the excellent-occlusion group, the correlation between the angles was remarkably higher (-0.94) than it was in the malocclusion group (-0.57). In both groups, in only a small number of cases were the extents of the angles close to the intersection of the calculated mean values. In orthodontic diagnosis, treating the values of the NSAr and the SNA angles separately can be extremely misleading, just as the use of the sella-nasion plane as a sole reference plane can lead to diagnostic errors. Thus, the SNA angle should be used with special caution, and a differing reference plane such as, for example, the Frankfort plane, should be preferred. PMID- 6960713 TI - Your frame of reference. PMID- 6960714 TI - Re: Begg and straight wire: a combination approach to treatment. PMID- 6960715 TI - Orthodontic force systems: individualized treatment with open-minded "Begg" technique. AB - Conventional Begg technique is efficacious for alignment, overbite reduction, and anchorage conservation, but it has a number of deficiencies. Biomechanical systems should be determined by the characteristics of each individual malocclusion, not by habitual application of the same recipe to every patient. Check elastics can increase the bite-opening potency of the appliance, thus permitting control of root movement at any stage. Ribbon arch wires can provide torque control for either bolstering or expending anchorage. Extraoral traction can provide anchorage, control of orientation of the dentition within the face, and simplify and/or shorten treatment in some cases. PMID- 6960716 TI - Morphologic alterations in Macaca mulatta following destruction of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. AB - In two adolescent male Macaca mulatta monkeys, small unilateral electrolytic lesions were produced in the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. The side contralateral to the muscle paralysis served as the control side. The animals were killed 130 and 300 days postoperatively. One animal (animal A) was prepared as a dry skull preparation. Alterations in craniofacial form were noted clinically in both animals and included paralysis and atrophy of the muscles of mastication on the lesion side and mandibular asymmetry. In animal A (300 days postoperative survival), alterations in form included dental and mandibular asymmetry, the appearance of an anterior open-bite on the affected side, and a decrease in the size of the intratemporal fossa on the affected side. Remodeling changes were evident in the condylar process, the zygomatic arch, the orbit, and the zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofrontal sutures on the lesion side but were not apparent on the contralateral side. PMID- 6960718 TI - Tooth position measurements on dental casts using holographic images. AB - A new accurate method for comparing tooth positions on dental casts at different stages is described. Holograms of casts were prepared with a helium-neon gas laser. For evaluation of tooth movements, a cast and hologram representing different time points were superimposed by means of an adjustable x-y stage. Occlusal surface detail was used as a reference for the superimposition. Positional changes of the upper incisors were detected as discrepancies between the cast and the hologram image. PMID- 6960717 TI - Postpharyngeal lymphoid tissue in Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions. AB - Opinions differ with regard to the relationship of adenoids and type of malocclusion. To study this possible relationship, xeroradiographic lateral cephalograms were made of eighty Class I (Angle) and sixty-four Class II, Division 1 (Angle) malocclusions to obtain reliable measures of the epipharyngeal lymphoid tissue, the nasopharyngeal airway, the nasopharynx, and certain cephalometric landmarks. Xeroradiographic cephalograms provide superior visualization with edge-enhancement effect for both soft and hard tissues. Electronic digitization and a comprehensive computer analysis were used to assess the head films. Significant differences were found for some of the linear and angular cephalometric criteria between the two malocclusion categories. A sexual dimorphism was observed. These skeletal and dental differences were anticipated in this mixed malocclusion sample, as prior cephalometric studies which compare different classes of malocclusion have shown. Airway space did not appear to vary with the type of malocclusion. Some low-level correlations were found between the size of the nasopharyngeal area and certain skeletal characteristics. These correlations depended on both the malocclusion type and the sex of the individual. The lateral, two-dimensional cephalogram does not seem to offer satisfactory information relating the nasopharyngeal area to Class I or to Class II, Division 1 malocclusions. PMID- 6960719 TI - Mapping remodeling reversals with the aid of the scanning electron microscope. AB - The histologic research on craniofacial remodeling is briefly summarized. A new methodologic approach using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high resolution replicas of craniofacial bone is evaluated. Two maxillae were chosen for illustrative purposes. The specimens were replicated and prepared for routine SEM examination. In addition, a grid was applied to the replicas so that the bone growth activity states could be mapped on a coordinate system. The topographic ("T") principle is introduced as a precedent for discriminating remodeling bone growth activity states with the SEM. These activity states in vivo specify characteristic microscopic surface topographies. The three distinctive surfaces are resorptive, depository, and resting, which are mapped on a coordinate system. Results obtained are similar to those of histologic studies. The primary advantage of the SEM/replica technique is that it does not damage the specimen. This feature will facilitate more extensive investigations of craniofacial remodeling. The time and financial investments for the SEM/replica technique are significantly less than the histologic technique in the investigation of similar material. The SEM/replica technique, however, cannot be used to study nonexternal surfaces and evidence of remodeling contained within the bone cortex. PMID- 6960721 TI - The interplay between sagittal and vertical growth factors. An implant study of activator treatment. AB - Changes in sagittal jaw relationship are dependent on an interplay between a series of basal and dentoalveolar changes in both sagittal and vertical planes. The present article uses the implant method to examine and discuss this interrelationship as well as condylar growth and, in addition, comments on the relative value of accepted methods of expressing sagittal jaw relationship. The interplay between vertical and horizontal dentoalveolar, sutural, and condylar changes occurring relative to the occlusal plane in nineteen patients treated by means of activator was studied quantitatively by means of the implant method. Changes in the sagittal jaw relationship were evaluated by means of the change in ANB angle and utilizing the "Witts appraisal" with a modified occlusal plane construction. Change in sagittal jaw relationship was studied by means of a correlation analysis and shown to be largely dependent on the spatial development of the mandible; the latter was positively correlated to vertical condylar development and maxillary horizontal development but negatively correlated to increase in vertical sutural and dentoalveolar parameters. Vertical condylar development was also demonstrated to influence the rotational pattern of mandibular development. The clinical importance of controlling vertical development, sutural as well as dentoalveolar, in the treatment of sagittal discrepancies was stressed through the findings of the present study. PMID- 6960720 TI - Condylar development and mandibular rotation and displacement during activator treatment. An implant study. AB - An analysis of the effects of activator treatment on the spatial development of the mandible over 11 months was performed via the metal implant method for a group of nineteen patients. A series of centers of rotation were derived, the position and effect of which are described and related to observed changes in basal and dentoalveolar structures and the development of the mandibular condyle. A posteriorly directed condylar development, in conjunction with an anterior rotational pattern, was found to be optimal if a basal Class II malocclusion is to be treated by means of a forward developmental displacement of the mandible. PMID- 6960722 TI - Comments on the new geometric approach to cephalometrics: a reply to Dr. Vig. PMID- 6960723 TI - An orthodontist's view of some recent mathematical studies in cephalometrics. PMID- 6960724 TI - The biologic significance of the divine proportion and Fibonacci series. PMID- 6960725 TI - Skeletal profile changes related to two patterns of activator effects. AB - A longitudinal cephalometric study was carried out on twelve boys and thirteen girls who initially exhibited Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and who were treated exclusively with activators. Twenty-four boys and fifteen girls, corresponding with the experimental subjects with respect to initial age and observation period, were selected as controls. The aim of the investigation was to examine cephalometric profile changes associated with two patterns of effects of activator treatment detected previously. The findings demonstrate that the two types of reaction bring about similar corrections of both apical base discrepancy and dental Class II relationship but clearly differ in their effects on the skeletal profile. Whereas the first type of reaction results in an improvement in mandibular retrognathism, a marked rotation of the occlusal plane, and good vertical control of the upper and lower dental arches, the second type is distinguished by a significant reduction of maxillary prognathism, downward and backward rotation of the mandible, and forward tipping of the lower incisors. Additional evidence presented further suggests that the two patterns of effects are due to differences in the construction bites of the appliances. According to this hypothesis, a great interocclusal height of an activator would lead to the first and a low construction bite to the second type of reaction. PMID- 6960726 TI - Molar occlusion and mandibular rotation: a longitudinal study. AB - The human dentition undergoes a process of complex development. Growth of the skeleton, morphology and function of the soft tissues (muscles in particular and airway), space considerations, and other factors influence the development of the dentition. The present study considered two of the factors involved: molar relationship in the sagittal plane and mandibular rotation. Forty-two persons from the Burlington sample were studied to determine whether changes in molar relation between the mean of ages 7 to 12 years were correlated with the rotational growth pattern of the mandible. The sample was divided into forward rotators (FR) and backward rotators (BR), based on the changes in the SN-corpus axis angle over time. The statistically significant difference of 4.04 degrees in change of the SN-CA angle over time, between the FRs and BRs, indicates that this method of characterizing the two different types of growers is useful. It is interesting to note, however, that the FRs and BRs, on an average, initially had the same SN-corpus axis angles. The molar relationship was determined on the basis of the cusp-fossa relationship in the sagittal plane. In the twenty-eight forward rotators and fourteen backward rotators the molar relationship did not change in a predictable fashion. Statistically significant correlations were not found between molar occlusion and growth direction patterns. Also, the SN-corpus axis angle, at a single point in time, is not a good predictor of whether an individual is going to exhibit a forward or backward mandibular rotational growth pattern. The change in molar occlusion during the process of growth and development is a multifactorial phenomenon and cannot be predicted on the basis of the direction of mandibular growth rotation between the ages of 7 and 12 years. PMID- 6960727 TI - The psychological impact of orthognathic surgery: a 9-month follow-up. AB - In an attempt to determine the impact of surgical orthodontics on patients' personality and perceptions of oral function, fifty-five patients were examined longitudinally. Patients completed five questionnaires during the course of treatment, from 1 month before to 9 months after surgery. Orthodontic appliances were still being worn by 56.1 percent at the 9-month assessment. Satisfaction with surgery, self-esteem, and body image were high throughout the postsurgical stage but showed significant changes. Satisfaction peaked at 4 months but declined at 9 months postsurgery, as did self-esteem and facial body image. Most of this decline was attributable to patients being still under orthodontic treatment, but those with continuing problems of pain, paresthesia, and oral dysfunction were not more likely to report psychological dissatisfaction. Results are examined from the perspectives of integration of body image and patient expectations from orthognathic surgery. PMID- 6960728 TI - Interdisciplinary treatment of multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth. Report of a case. PMID- 6960729 TI - Selective inhibition of condylar growth in the rabbit mandible using intra articular papain. AB - The purpose of this study was to clarify the relative importance of the condyle in mandibular growth. Activated papain, a protease which inhibits endochondral growth, was injected for 4 weeks into the left temporomandibular joints of growing rabbits. Histologic and morphologic changes were evaluated microscopically and by measurement of dried skulls and serial cephalometric radiographs. The injected condyles showed a rapid but temporary depletion of the cartilage matrix. Repeated injections produced severe arthritic changes in some cases. The papain caused a significant decrease in vertical ramal growth. Mandibular length was unaffected. The unilateral injections also produced vertical asymmetry characterized by a canting of the mandibular plane superiorly toward the injected side. It was concluded that, in the rabbit, condylar growth is essential for normal vertical growth of the ramus but has little influence on the length of the mandible. PMID- 6960730 TI - Autorotation of the mandible: effect of surgical superior repositioning of the maxilla on mandibular resting posture. AB - Mandibular autorotation is a generally accepted cephalometric phenomenon that occurs when surgical superior repositioning of the maxilla is planned. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether autorotation of the mandible is a biologic phenomenon as well. Fifteen adults with vertical maxillary excess who underwent a mean surgical superior repositioning of 6.2 mm. were evaluated with cephalometric, kinesiometric, and electromyographic instrumentation immediately before and 3 months following surgery. Five persons selected at random from the original group (who also underwent a mean surgical superior repositioning of 6.2 mm.) were similarly evaluated 24 months following surgical intervention. The results of this study, which were analyzed by the Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Rank test, revealed that a significant compensatory autorotation of the mandible occurred by the third month and was still constant 2 years later. We propose, on the basis of this preliminary evidence, that an "occlusal programming feedback mechanism" within the central nervous system mediated the compensatory autorotation of the mandible following surgical superior repositioning of the maxilla. PMID- 6960732 TI - The CV value (combined variation) in the analysis of sagittal malocclusions. AB - In the study of a sample of eighty 9- to 13-year-old subjects with Class I malocclusions, it was found that a clear relationship exists between the SNA and NSAr angles, which vary according to an inverse ratio. Their combined value, called the CV value, is often constant, near 204.5 degrees. The same holds true when the NSAr angle is larger or smaller than average, which suggests the hypothesis that when dealing with a sagittal malocclusion one should consider the CV value rather than a single angle. PMID- 6960731 TI - Reliability and validity of clinical assessments of malocclusion. AB - The purpose of this research was to determine the reliability and validity of selected clinical judgments of malocclusion, including general evaluations of occlusal status and more specific aspects of dentofacial malrelations. Study casts of twenty-one adolescents planning orthodontic treatment and twenty-nine not planning treatment were examined and rated. The examiners were five dentists in an orthodontic specialty-training program. They completed ratings on six dimensions: (1) need for treatment, (2) degree of malocclusion, (3) potential for tissue loss, (4) negative effect on occlusal stability, (5) negative effect on dental-facial attractiveness, and (6) negative effect on masticatory function. Six weeks later the same five rates scored the fifty casts, using the standardized Treatment Priority Index (TPI). Three weeks later, or 9 weeks after the initial ratings, the casts were again rated on the two general dimensions: need for treatment and degree of malocclusion. Correlations among all the measures were examined. Inter-rater reliability was highest for the ratings of impact on dental-facial attractiveness (r = 0.88). The two general assessments also yielded relatively high rater reliabilities, and the second rating yielded stability coefficients of 0.84 for both of these ratings. Correlations with total TPI scores were 0.70 for the dental-facial attractiveness measure and 0.65 and 0.64, respectively, for assessments of need for treatment and degree of malocclusion. The data indicate that clinical evaluations of the severity of malocclusions are comparable to objective measures in terms of inter-rater reliability. Clinical evaluations are also relatively stable over time. Correlations with the TPI scores also provide evidence of the concurrent validity of clinical judgments. PMID- 6960733 TI - Soft-tissue changes associated with maxillary incisor retraction. AB - The nature of incisor retraction and lip adaptation is still controversial. The present study was undertaken to determine the response of upper and lower lips to maxillary and mandibular incisor movement. Cephalometric head films of thirty late-adolescent and early-adult female patients were analyzed for changes in the integumental profile with treatment. Sample selection was intended to reduce variables caused by growth and sex differences. A stepwise multiple regression analysis (forward) revealed a complex interaction between dentition, bony structures, and soft tissues of the perioral area. The lower lip was more variable than the upper lip to differences in the upper incisor movement. The upperlip at labrale superius was found to be more variable with increased retraction of the upper incisors. In the prediction equation, change of sulcus superius had a more direct relationship with retraction of labrale superius and labrale inferius than with dental movement. Pogonion and/or menton entered at statistically significant levels into four (LS, LI, SI, Stm I) of the six prediction equations, indicating that mandibular position is of paramount importance in the prediction of vertical and/or horizontal changes in the upper and lower lips. The upper lip response was related to both upper and lower incisor movement, mandibular rotation, and the lower lip. Upper incisor point position related a moderately high correlation for the prediction equation for change in labrale superius. Lower incisor movement did not correlate with change of either the upper or lower lip. The equations derived were an improvement over previous prediction methods. PMID- 6960734 TI - Treatment results with light wires studied by panoramic radiography. AB - The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate "parallelism" and the incidence of root resorption in fifty-three extraction cases treated with light continuous wire therapy, following the principles of minimum force application, minimum tooth movement, avoiding the outward displacement of the roots from the apical bases, and a minimum time of active treatment. Differential tooth movement was performed and active displacement of the full complement of teeth was avoided when possible, according to the needs of the particular case. Panoramic radiographs were taken before and after active treatment and 1 year out of retention. The long axes of upper and lower canines and second premolars were traced and the angulation between them was measured to appraise root "parallelism." Only 1.8 percent root resorption was estimated for those teeth measured. A possible explanation for this low figure may be the mesiodistal movement of the teeth along the apical bone base, without deviations toward the labiobuccal or lingual sides. PMID- 6960736 TI - The orthodontist in hospital care. PMID- 6960735 TI - Effects of orthodontic forces and anti-inflammatory drugs on the mechanical strength of the periodontium in the rat mandibular first molar. AB - The mechanical strength of the periodontium was examined by extracting the rat mandibular first molar from its socket in the dissected jaw following application of orthodontic forces. Rubber elastic bands of increasing sizes were inserted between the first and the second molars and following injections of anti inflammatory drugs, hydrocortisone and indomethacin for 7 days. Marked decreases of the mean ultimate loads to extract the teeth were found following application of the orthodontic forces. Increases of the ultimate loads were found following injections of hydrocortisone and indomethacin. The distances pulled to reach the ultimate loads which seem to represent the extensibility and elasticity of the periodontium correlated closely with the ultimate loads. The orthodontic forces applied were estimated to be about 0.7 kilograms at the end of the experimental period. It was suggested that the mechanical strength of the periodontium is maintained by the organization and constitution of the periodontal collagen fibers, and by the attachment of fibers to the bone, which could be affected by orthodontic forces and by anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6960737 TI - Telecentric photogrammetry. PMID- 6960738 TI - Re: Maxillary incisor intrusion? PMID- 6960739 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of HLA and DR antigens on spermatozoa of different species. AB - There are conflicting reports about the presence of HLA and DR antigens on human sperm. The difference may be due to the complexity of anti-sera used by earlier researchers. These limitations have been overcome by using monoclonal antibodies in the present studies. The microcytotoxicity test was used to determine the presence of HLA and DR antigens on sperm of different species. It was observed that about 60% of human spermatozoa express HLA antigens and a slightly lower percentage (48%) express DR antigens. These antigens are highly cross-reactive with that of monkey and, to a lesser extent, with that of buffalo. Histocompatibility antigens expressed on epididymal spermatozoa of rat and mouse are also weakly reactive with monoclonal antibodies directed to human HLA and DR. PMID- 6960740 TI - [Effectiveness and complications of interrupting pregnancy during the 2d trimester with the Hungarian preparation ensaprost F]. PMID- 6960741 TI - A ventilator for use during mobile intensive care and total intravenous anaesthesia. The Drager oxylog. PMID- 6960742 TI - Continuing education in intravenous sedation. PMID- 6960744 TI - Surveillance study of pediatric patients receiving respiratory therapy, using the Bain circuit system. AB - The Bain circuit, which has been used previously for anesthesia, was adopted for long-term mechanical ventilation for infants and children in a pediatric intensive care unit. When this ventilation system is used, humidifier temperatures must be kept at temperatures significantly lower than the recommended 50 degrees C to avoid excessive airway temperatures and thermal injury. Routine infection control measures such as daily changing of respiratory therapy equipment and the use of sterile water in Cascade humidifiers were enforced. It was demonstrated that the use of the Bain circuit with a Cascade humidifier kept at a temperature of 36.9 degrees +/- 1.9 degrees C was not associated with nosocomial infection of the lower respiratory tract. PMID- 6960745 TI - Quantification of antigens with haemolysing antibodies exemplified by the bovine J blood group system. AB - 1. The J blood group activity of red cells is measured in terms of 50% haemolysis ('direct test'), that of dissolved or suspended samples in terms of 50% haemolysis inhibition ('indirect test') in a standardized bovine J system. 2. The volume of J-containing sample required for a 50% haemolysis inhibition decreases with increasing J activity. 3. The volume of anti-J required for a 50% haemolysis of J-positive erythrocytes also decreases with increasing J activity. 4. The use of antigen units (UAg) was introduced to serve as a measure of J activity of dissolved or suspended samples. 5. Antigen units were also used to characterize J containing red cells. This was made possible by measuring the relation of the direct test (on red cells). Thus, a relatively simple method of determination of red cell UAg is obtained. 6. It was confirmed by absorption experiments that erythrocytes containing high concentrations of antigen require relatively low amounts of antibody to bring about a 50% haemolysis, but are able to bind a relatively high excess of antibody. PMID- 6960743 TI - Incidence of thrombophlebitis in humans with the diazepam vehicle. AB - Forty-one adult males volunteered for a study designed to investigate the thrombogenicity of the Valium(r) vehicle. Utilizing a standardized protocol, each subject received a sedative dose of Injectable Valium(r) in the antecubital fossa of one arm and an equivalent volume of vehicle in the contralateral arm. Both were administered with a continuous infusion drip of 5 per cent dextrose in water. Post-operative evaluation extended over 10 weeks and included clinical observation and palpation. Ultrasonic tests for occluded or impaired blood flow were performed with a Doppler Flowmeter.Five subjects (12.2 percent) had venous sequelae with the Valium(r) and two (4.8 percent) developed sequelae with the vehicle. The incidence of venous sequelae reported in the present study was considerably lower than in previous investigations (66.6 per cent and 37.5 per cent) utilizing the same protocol. The present study indicates that time of continuous infusion appears to contribute to thrombophlebitis subsequent to intravenous injection of Valium(r). It also appears that the diazepam vehicle is not the major factor in the occurrence of thrombophlebitis. PMID- 6960746 TI - [Protection of a respirator. Attachment of a transparent panel to the front]. PMID- 6960747 TI - Dynamic hyperinflation and ventilator dependence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - In advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, functional residual capacity (FRC) can be markedly increased by dynamic mechanisms involving expiratory flow limitation. We studied respiratory mechanics in a seated ventilator-dependent patient with such changes. Relaxed expiration was flow-limited; pressures of 9 to 27 cm H2O (varying with lung volume) could be applied to the airway opening (Pao) without decreasing expiratory flow rate. The FRC was at least 2 L above relaxation volume. Inspiratory total resistance was 16 cm H2O/L/s. Compliance of the lung was 0.16, chest wall was 0.04, and respiratory system was 0.032 L/cm H2O. More importantly, recoil pressures at end inspiration and end expiration, respectively, were 6.5 and 1.5 cm H2O for the lung, 33 and 11 cm H2O for chest wall, and 38 and 12 cm H2O for the respiratory system. Thus the chest wall recoiled inward at all times, pleural pressure was always substantially positive (11 to 33 cm H2O), expiratory flow was maximal, and jugular veins were always full and nonpulsating. Inspiratory work was about 0.27 kg-m per breath (7 times normal), most of it elastic work done on the chest wall. PMID- 6960748 TI - The brattleboro rat. PMID- 6960749 TI - The discovery of the Brattleboro rat, recommended nomenclature, and the question of proper controls. PMID- 6960750 TI - Postnatal development and diabetes insipidus in Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960751 TI - Biological half-lives and organ distribution of tritiated 8-lysine-vasopressin and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin in Brattleboro rats. AB - The biological half-lives and organ distribution of tritiated 8-lysine vasopressin and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin were determined in R-Amsterdam rats and in homozygous and heterozygous Brattleboro rats with hereditary central diabetes insipidus. It was found that the biological half-lives of [3H]LVP and [3H]dDAVP in the Brattleboro rats did not differ significantly from that found in the control R-Amsterdam rats. The half-life of [3H]dDAVP proved longer than that of [3H]LVP in all three groups of animals. In the case of [3H]LVP the highest radioactivities were observed in the neurohypophyses, adenohypophyses, and kidneys of both the R-Amsterdam and Brattleboro rats. The accumulation of tritiated material was higher in the small intestine of the Brattleboro rats than in that of the R-Amsterdam animals. In all three groups of rats, [3H]dDAVP was accumulated to the greatest extent in the kidney and the small intestine. The kidney and small intestine contained less radioactivity in homozygous Brattleboro rats than in the controls. There was only a slight radioactivity accumulation in the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. From the results it was concluded that the decrease in the rate of enzymatic decomposition may play a role in the increased duration of antidiuretic action of dDAVP. The results have led to the conclusion that the accelerated elimination of vasopressin and its pathologic organ accumulation are probably not involved in the water metabolism disturbance of Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus. PMID- 6960752 TI - Angiotensin stimulates oxytocin release: impaired response in rats with genetic hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. PMID- 6960753 TI - Influence of vasopressin upon firing patterns of supraoptic neurons: a comparison of normal and Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960755 TI - The Brattleboro heterozygote rat as a model for neurohypophyseal aging: vasopressin response to dehydration. PMID- 6960754 TI - Oxytocin and oxytocin-associated neurophysin evaluation by RIA in the Brattleboro rat: turnover. PMID- 6960756 TI - The ontogeny of the oxytocin/neurophysin system of the Brattleboro rat. PMID- 6960757 TI - Biosynthesis of oxytocin and oxytocin-neurophysin in homozygous Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960759 TI - Incidence and some functional characteristics of hydronephrosis in Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960758 TI - Membrane resting potentials and extra-cellular potassium ion concentrations in the Brattleboro rat. PMID- 6960760 TI - Adrenocortical function in the Brattleboro rat. PMID- 6960761 TI - Oxytocin release and renal actions in normal and Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960762 TI - Basic alterations in serum levels of several chemical substances in Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960763 TI - Effects of anti-oxytocin serum in Brattleboro rats. AB - Brattleboro rats were housed singly in metabolic cages and continuously infused with saline. Timed urine collections were analyzed for Na+ and K+; oxytocin (OT) like material was estimated by RIA. OT infusions reduced urine flow and increased Na+ output. Urinary Na+/K+ ratios rose during OT infusion, falling below control values after infusion. Passive immunization with an OT antiserum reduced but did not prevent these renal effects of OT. In a second experiment, immunization had no effect on daily urine volume or Na+ output, even though high titers were achieved and excretion of endogenous OT-like material was reduced. We conclude that endogenous OT has little effect on Na+ excretion in these rats, although pharmacological doses of OT produced their known natriuretic effect. PMID- 6960764 TI - Care and breeding of the Brattleboro rat: a panel discussion. PMID- 6960765 TI - Development of DOCA-salt hypertension in the Brattleboro rat. PMID- 6960766 TI - Vasopressin and deoxycorticosterone hypertension in Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960767 TI - Age-dependent salt hypertension in Brattleboro rats: a hemodynamic analysis. AB - The hemodynamic effects of 0.6% saline, consumed either from youth (4th week of age) or from adulthood (12th week of age), were studied in unanesthetized, unoperated, and uninephrectomized homozygous female Brattleboro rats. Long-term saline drinking induced a general decrease of blood pressure in unoperated rats which was more pronounced in rats drinking it from youth. The relation of low systemic resistance and high cardiac output (observed at the age of 10-15 weeks) to the high mortality of these rats was discussed. Two phases were recognized in the development of salt hypertension in uninephrectomized rats drinking saline from youth. The increased systemic resistance played a major role during the early phase (13-15 weeks), while changes of body fluids as well as altered arterial compliance contributed to the elevation of systolic blood pressure in the late phase of salt hypertension (20-30 weeks of age). In uninephrectomized rats drinking saline from adulthood, the late blood pressure response was only slightly attenuated in comparison with uninephrectomized rats drinking saline from youth. The absence of increased arterial rigidity in the former group was the only major hemodynamic difference between these two groups of uninephrectomized rats aged 20-30 weeks. PMID- 6960768 TI - Importance of AVP for blood pressure control during development: a study in the Brattleboro rat. PMID- 6960769 TI - The control of heart rate in rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain). PMID- 6960770 TI - On the reproductive and developmental differences within the Brattleboro strain. PMID- 6960771 TI - Relationship between vasopressin and the anteroventral third ventricle region in deoxycorticosterone/salt hypertension (Brattleboro rat model). PMID- 6960772 TI - Alcohol and blood pressure regulation after hemorrhage (Brattleboro rat model). PMID- 6960773 TI - Hemodynamics of conscious Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960774 TI - ADH-induced changes in the epithelium of the thick ascending limb in Brattleboro rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. PMID- 6960775 TI - Interstitial cells in the renal medulla of Brattleboro rats: effects of long term vasopressin treatment. PMID- 6960776 TI - Water balance in the Brattleboro rat: considerations for hormone replacement therapy. PMID- 6960777 TI - Decreased sensitivity to oxytocin of uteri from homozygous Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960778 TI - Effective antagonists of the antidiuretic action of vasopressin in rats. PMID- 6960780 TI - Osmoregulation in the pregnant Brattleboro rat. PMID- 6960779 TI - Replacement therapy with arginine vasopressin in homozygous Brattleboro rats. AB - We studied the replacement therapy of different doses of AVP in DI rats. It is surprising that relatively high levels of plasma AVP were needed to achieve significant antidiuretic effects. Measured plasma AVP concentrations are less than those predicted from the release rates of AVP by the minipumps. This difference may be due to the subcutaneous mode of release of AVP. The study also provides evidence that urinary excretion of AVP is a good indicator of the plasma AVP level. PMID- 6960781 TI - Brattleboro homozygotes can concentrate their urine during dehydration without a change in GFR. PMID- 6960782 TI - Concentration of urine by dehydrated Brattleboro homozygotes: is there a role for oxytocin? PMID- 6960783 TI - Hyaluronate hydrolase activity and glycosaminoglycans in the Brattleboro rat kidney. PMID- 6960784 TI - Spontaneous formation of bladder stones in diabetes insipidus rats (Brattleboro strain). PMID- 6960785 TI - Vasopressin and intramembranous particle clusters in collecting duct cells of Brattleboro and Long-Evans rats. PMID- 6960786 TI - Homozygous Brattleboro rats lack normal nephron heterogeneity as a consequence of their urine concentrating defect. PMID- 6960787 TI - Changes in the corticopapillary osmotic gradient during prolonged dehydration of the Brattleboro rat. PMID- 6960788 TI - Role of polyamines in the reduced growth of Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960789 TI - Ethanol preference in homozygous diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro) rats: effect of vasopressin fragments. PMID- 6960790 TI - Vasopressin projections and central control of cardiovascular function. PMID- 6960792 TI - The behavior of Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960791 TI - Modulation of nociceptive thresholds by vasopressin in the Brattleboro and normal rat. PMID- 6960793 TI - Environmental enrichment in Brattleboro rats: brain morphology. PMID- 6960794 TI - On the role of arginine vasopressin in circumventricular organs. PMID- 6960795 TI - Deficits in tolerance to ethanol in Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960796 TI - Cytoplasmic peptide content and nuclear estrogen binding of magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus of Long-Evans and Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6960797 TI - Abnormality of the febrile response of the Brattleboro rat. PMID- 6960798 TI - The possibility of topographical organization of nerve terminals within the neural lobe of the Brattleboro rat. PMID- 6960800 TI - [Monitoring anticancer and antileukemic chemotherapy in children]. PMID- 6960799 TI - Potential therapies in aging and senile dementias. PMID- 6960801 TI - [Markers of essential hypertension]. PMID- 6960802 TI - [Plasma protein changes in essential arterial hypertension: a new genetic marker for arterial hypertension?]. PMID- 6960803 TI - Association between immunoglobulin levels and known genetic markers in an Iraqi population. AB - The effects of ABO compatibility mating, secretor, and haptoglobin subtypes on the levels of immunoglobulin have been determined in an Iraqi population. An interaction between the secretor and Lewis subtypes and levels of immunoglobulin was demonstrated. The IgG levels of the non-secretor group were lower than those of secretors. In contrast, haptoglobin subtypes displayed no significant effect on immunoglobulin levels. The interactions may indicate the indirect importance of these genetic markers in the evolution of resistance to infections. PMID- 6960804 TI - Mood, vegetative disturbance, and dexamethasone suppression test after stroke. AB - Assessments of mood disturbance and "vegetative" (appetite or sleep) disturbance as well as a single-dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were carried out in 25 randomly selected stroke patients and in 13 nonstroke control patients hospitalized in a rehabilitation center. Prevalence rates of moderate-to-serve depression of mood and vegetative disturbance were significantly higher in stroke patients than controls (48% and 52% versus 0% and 8%, respectively), as was the prevalence of abnormal DST results (52% versus 8%). Abnormal DST results were associated with the occurrence of moderate to severe mood, appetite, and sleep disturbances among all patients. in 2 stroke patients, repeated DST results paralleled the clinical course. The DST may be useful as an adjunct to the diagnosis and in monitoring the progress of the common and potentially reversible mood and vegetative disturbances occurring after stroke. PMID- 6960805 TI - In vitro and in vivo activity of DL-8280, a new oxazine derivative. AB - DL-8280, 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H- pyrido-(1,2,3-de)1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid, is a new nalidixic acid analog with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including obligate anaerobes. The activity of DL-8280 against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Clostridium perfringens was roughly comparable to that of norfloxacin and far exceeded that of pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid. DL 8280 had greater activity against Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter spp., and Bacteroides fragilis than did norfloxacin, pipemidic acid, and nalidixic acid. Nalidixic acid-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, ampicillin-resistant gonococci, and clindamycin-resistant obligate anaerobes were also susceptible to DL-8280. The activity of DL-8280 was affected very little by inoculum size, and its action was bactericidal at two times the minimal inhibitory concentrations at most. Administered orally to mice experimentally infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, or P. aeruginosa, DL 8280 was 2 to 7 times more effective than norfloxacin and 7 to more than 50 times more active than pipemidic acid. PMID- 6960806 TI - In vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains to N-formimidoyl thienamycin. AB - A total of 82 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and 21 isolates of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus were studied for in vitro susceptibility to N-forminidoyl thienamycin at incubation temperatures of 30 and 35 degrees C. The disk diffusion test results were correlated with the macrobroth dilution test by means of the error rate-bounded method of analysis. Both methicillin-susceptible and (to a lesser degree) methicillin-resistant strains were generally susceptible to the antibiotic as judged from their minimum inhibitory concentrations. The discrepancy between in vitro results obtained at 30 and at 35 degrees C was not very remarkable. However, tolerance of N formimidoyl thienamycin was observed in 37% of methicillin-resistant strains and 24% of methicillin-susceptible strains at an incubation temperature of 30 degrees C; at 35 degrees C, the values were 54% (methicillin-resistant strains) and 14% (methicillin-susceptible strains). PMID- 6960807 TI - Purification and properties of soybean nodule xanthine dehydrogenase. PMID- 6960808 TI - Effect of experimentally induced fever on mammary blood flow in lactating goats. AB - The effect of artificially induced fever on normal mammary blood flow (MBF) was studied in conscious lactating goats in a thermoneutral environment. Fever was induced either by intravenous (i.v.) injection of LPS or by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of PGE2. The increment stage of fever was always accompanied by a fall in MBF, shivers and miosis. There was a positive correlation between the intensity of temperature increase and MBF decrease. Once fever was established or during the decrement stage of fever, MBF returned to control levels and often increased far above pre-injection values. These specific circulatory changes observed in the lactating udder of the goat might contribute to the genesis and lysis of fever. MBF might play an important role in the pathogenesis of fever in the lactating goat. The effect of centrally induced fever was studied on the biphasic MBF pattern normally occurring during experimentally induced LPS mastitis. PGE2 was infused i.c.v. practically simultaneously with the intramammary administration of LPS. In most experiments fever occurred earlier than during control mastitis. The biphasic MBF-curve was strongly altered, MBF peak I being inhibited. Fever increment during control mastitis could be one of the factors limiting the duration of MBF peak I and fever decrement could induce peak II. PMID- 6960809 TI - Vasoconstrictor response of arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch to norepinephrine, prostaglandin H2, F2 alpha and carbocyclic thromboxane A2, a possible thromboxane A2 analogue. AB - Activated platelets produce thromboxane A2, a potent vasoconstrictor, which may play an important role in pathophysiological disturbances of microcirculation. Thromboxane A2 has a very short half life and has neither been isolated nor synthesized. Hence, the recently reported stable analogue, carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (CTA2), may become an interesting tool in pharmacological research. Its vasoconstrictor potency was compared in vivo with norepinephrine, prostaglandin H2 and F2 alpha using the following method: vessels of a hamster cheek pouch preparation were exposed to a superfusion to which the respective compounds were added to give 1 ng/ml to 0.1 mg/ml final concentrations. The decrease of vessel diameters was measured microscopically. Prostaglandin H2 was found to be the most potent vasoconstrictor followed by CTA2 and norepinephrine. Prostaglandin F2 alpha was least effective. The respective maximal vasoconstrictory responses did not differ significantly. PMID- 6960811 TI - [Odontoblastic ultrastructure: tonofilaments]. PMID- 6960810 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy with levamisole during maintenance therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Thirty seven children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (All) treated according to 2 different protocols were randomized after remission induction to receive levamisole or not during remission maintenance continuous or intermittent polychemotherapy. The usefulness of levamisole in prolonged remission and survival time by the actuarial analysis were studied. At 36th month 45% patients treated with levamisole, and 30% without levamisole remained in complete remission. The increase of E+ lymphocyte and total lymphocyte count in the 18th week of chemoimmunotherapy, and their decrease in 27th week of the treatment were demonstrated. The granulocyte phagocytic activity increased in the 27th week of treatment. The results obtained suggest that levamisole therapy stimulates T lymphocyte production and phagocytic activity and enables the appropriate cytostatic treatment. PMID- 6960812 TI - [Interceptive treatment for skeletal class III. Proposal of a therapeutic scheme]. PMID- 6960813 TI - [Oculo-orbital complications of sinusitis]. PMID- 6960814 TI - [A case report of congenital macroglossia]. PMID- 6960816 TI - [The use of extraoral traction in the treatment of malocclusion]. PMID- 6960815 TI - [Maxillary sinusitis in childhood]. PMID- 6960817 TI - [Presuppositions of surgical intervention in the treatment of dentomaxillofacial anomalies. I]. PMID- 6960818 TI - [Interceptive treatment of a severe Class II, division I malocclusion]. PMID- 6960819 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome: new etiopathogenetic findings]. PMID- 6960820 TI - [A case of neurofibroma of the tongue: clinical and histologic study]. PMID- 6960821 TI - [Lipoma of the oral cavity: clinical case]. PMID- 6960822 TI - [Biomechanic preparations of root canals: surgical technics]. PMID- 6960823 TI - [Indications and limits of apicoectomy in view of the current technics in endodontic surgery]. PMID- 6960824 TI - [Indications for dental extractions in orthodontic therapy. I: Dentobasal dysharmony]. PMID- 6960825 TI - [Treatment of primary and secondary occlusal trauma in the context of initial preparation]. PMID- 6960826 TI - [Current data on the pathogenesis of alveolar bone destruction during periodontal disease]. PMID- 6960827 TI - [Use of conditioning stimuli in the treatment of a Class II/l dysfunction (II)]. PMID- 6960828 TI - [Fracture of the orbit-malar-zygomatic complex: a review of surgical treatment]. PMID- 6960829 TI - [Immunopathology of periodontal disease. I: Histopathology of periodontal disease]. PMID- 6960830 TI - [Evaluation of sodium cefoxitin in oral surgery]. PMID- 6960831 TI - [Immunopathology of the periodontal disease. II: Lymphocyte transformation in vitro in gingivitis and periodontitis]. PMID- 6960832 TI - [Immunopathology of periodontal disease. III: Lymphocytic polyclonal activation in the genesis of gingivitis and periodontitis]. PMID- 6960833 TI - [Overview on the power of the oral cavity defenses]. PMID- 6960834 TI - [Carcinoma of the mouth. (I: clinical signs)]. PMID- 6960835 TI - [Lip neoplasms and cuneiform resection]. PMID- 6960836 TI - [Surgical therapy of adamantinomas]. PMID- 6960837 TI - [2 cases of odontoma of unusual size]. PMID- 6960838 TI - [A rare tumor of the tongue: hemangioendothelioma]. PMID- 6960839 TI - [Idiopathic fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva]. PMID- 6960840 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapeutic orientation in precancerous lesions of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6960841 TI - [Malignant tumours of the oral cavity: epidemiologic study. I]. PMID- 6960842 TI - [Orthodontics in the adult. (Clinical contribution)]. PMID- 6960844 TI - [Personal contribution to the correction, using a surgical-orthodontic technic, of impacted teeth. A clinical case]. PMID- 6960845 TI - [A case of hereditary craniofacial dysostosis or Crouzon's syndrome. Orthodontic aspects]. PMID- 6960843 TI - [Mechanical principles of the extraoral traction in orthodontics]. PMID- 6960846 TI - [Effect of the intrusion of the upper deciduous incisors on the corresponding tooth germs of the permanent teeth. Clinical-statistical study]. PMID- 6960847 TI - [Pathologic correlation between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus in a patient with metabolism disorders]. PMID- 6960848 TI - [Clinical considerations on the traumatic pathology of the orbit]. PMID- 6960849 TI - [Erythema due to medication. Clinical case]. PMID- 6960850 TI - [Ionophoresis in endodontic therapy: clinical and bacteriologic experiments]. PMID- 6960851 TI - [Form and function in the conservative therapy of posterior teeth]. PMID- 6960852 TI - [Clinico-statistic considerations on the incidence of injuries to the anterior tooth]. PMID- 6960853 TI - [Heterotopic tooth at the level of the sigmoid incisure of the mandible]. PMID- 6960854 TI - [A clinico-case history contribution on salivary gland calculi]. PMID- 6960855 TI - [Dentinal hyperesthesia and fluoride ionophoresis]. PMID- 6960856 TI - [Clinical case of 4 fourth molars]. PMID- 6960857 TI - [Basal cell cross-reacting antigen in normal and neoplastic human tissues]. AB - The method of immunofluorescence was used to study location of the basal cell cross-reacting antigen shared by group A streptococcus, and multilayer epithelium of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, oesophagus, vagina, cervix, urinary bladder, eye conjunctiva, epithelial cells of the mammary and salivary gland ducts of man. The cross-reacting antigen possessing tissue specificity was found in human tumor cells histogenetically associated with the tissues carrying the antigen (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, larynx, cervix) but not in the cells of tumors of different genesis (infiltrative mammary gland carcinoma, adenocarcinomas of the stomach and intestines). The results obtained will serve as the basis for the development of an immunological method for differential diagnosis of poorly-differentiated human tumors and for some problems of histogenesis of neoplasias. PMID- 6960859 TI - Giant cell epulis presenting as a recurrent odontogenic keratocyst. PMID- 6960858 TI - Concentration and composition of lipoproteins in blood plasma of the WHHL rabbit. An animal model of human familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Lipoproteins in blood plasma have been quantified and characterized in homozygous Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, an animal model of human familial hypercholesterolemia. Like homozygous human hypercholesterolemics, WHHL rabbits have a severe deficiency of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, a prolonged residence time for LDL, and an increased absolute rate of LDL catabolism. Although lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein B in WHHL rabbits are enriched in cholesteryl esters, their LDL as well as intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) also contain a substantial amount of triglycerides and they consistently exhibit hypertriglyceridemia as well as hypercholesterolemia. The cholesteryl esters accumulating in lipoproteins of WHHL rabbits are rich in cholesteryl linoleate and appear to be produced almost exclusively by lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. Levels of apolipoprotein B-100 are elevated in VLDL and IDL as well as in LDL of WHHL rabbits and only trace amounts of apolipoprotein B-48 are present. Plasma levels of apolipoprotein E are also substantially increased, and VLDL and IDL are enriched in this protein. The accumulation of lipoproteins with the expected characteristics of remnants of hepatogenous triglyceride-rich lipoproteins contrasts with the efficient hepatic clearance of chylomicron remnants in WHHL rabbits. PMID- 6960860 TI - The heat resistance of a ceramic identification device. AB - Identification of human remains by the teeth is a widely accepted forensic procedure. At present the principle dental technique used for identification of the dead is the post-mortem comparison method which involves a comparison of post mortem dental findings and any available ante-mortem records. This study describes the results of an in vitro incineration investigation testing the heat resistance qualities of metallic intelligence data encoded on microchips comprising part of the Dentify system of identification. Detailed optical and scanning electron microscopic findings show that despite some alteration when exposed to high temperatures the metallic intelligence data itself remains clearly decipherable after exposure to a temperature of 1000 degrees C. PMID- 6960861 TI - Reaction of rat connective tissue to gutta-percha and silver points. A long-term histological study. PMID- 6960862 TI - The management of fractures of the facial skeleton. AB - In the successful treatment of maxillo-facial injuries, the assessment of the damage sustained, the surgical management and post-operative follow-up will always remain the concern of a number of medical disciplines and therefore early consultation between various specialities is to be encouraged to ensure the best result for the patient. Of paramount importance in dentistry. Emphasis has not been placed on the psychological problems relating to various degrees of loss of body image which must accompany every severe facial injury nor to the value of the specialized care provided by dietary consultants and nursing personnel. Respect for the abilities of allied professions and early involvement of all in an inter-disciplinary team approach eliminates many management problems. This survey clearly indicates that no one specialist, regardless of whether he be dental or medical, should work alone but rather should work in willing cooperation with others. Post-operative occlusal problems can be avoided if the dental team is consulted early; in-patient management can be trouble-free if treatment planning is coordinated and based on the individual needs of the patient, not those of an individual specialist. Thus the dental surgeon must clearly understand the problems which may be encountered by other disciplines involved in the total management of the patient. The opinions expressed herein are based upon first hand experience. They may be of interest and value to clinicians called upon to manage patients with maxillo-facial injuries and stimulate thought and discussion concerning this important field of clinical practice. PMID- 6960863 TI - Smoking habits and attitudes of dental nurses and ancillary dental workers in Perth. PMID- 6960864 TI - The fluoride content of human tooth enamel in relation to environmental exposure to fluoride. AB - Double-layer superimposed biopsies were used for sampling sound labial enamel of upper permanent central incisor teeth of 189 children (mean age 8.4 years, SD = 0.36), comprising five groups, representing life-long exposure to contrasting concentrations of F in the water (range less than or equal to 0.12 ppm to 2.8 ppm) and to supplements of 200 or 350 mg F/kg domestic salt. The mean F concentrations of enamel ranged through the groups from 924 ppm to 2401 ppm in the surface layer (average central depth = 0.49 micron) and from 450 ppm to 1428 ppm in the subsurface layer (average central depth = 2.62 microns). The differences between the mean F concentrations of the groups were significant in each instance and the values consistently reflected the extent of F exposure. It was concluded that the F content of enamel is a reliable indicator of environmental exposure to F for populations, but not for every individual. PMID- 6960865 TI - Dental manpower: a transitional matrix analysis of study. AB - The projected supply of dentists in Australia up to 1991 was analysed using a transitional matrix model. The analysis illustrated the importance of selection of baseline data on the stock of dentists and the sensitivity of the projections of supply to assumptions on recruitment of Australian graduates and to migration of foreign dentists into Australia. The analysis also provided data on the changing age distribution of Australian dentists and the rates of wastage from the dental manpower stock. Directions for further development of a transitional matrix model for the study of dental manpower are discussed. PMID- 6960866 TI - Pterygoideus proprius muscle. PMID- 6960868 TI - Future of dental practice. PMID- 6960867 TI - Doubtfully carious first permanent molars. PMID- 6960869 TI - Angina pectoris, coronary artery spasm and calcium entry blocking agents. PMID- 6960870 TI - Left ventricular response to exercise after transmural anterior myocardial infarction. PMID- 6960871 TI - Coronary arteriography in isolated aortic and mitral valve disease. AB - Coronary arteriographic findings in 200 patients with isolated aortic and mitral valve disease were reviewed to examine the relationship between obstructive (greater than 50% diameter stenosis) coronary artery disease (CAD) and angina pectoris (AP). Of 100 patients with aortic valve disease, 30 had CAD of whom 20 gave a history of AP. Thirty-two of 52 patients (61%) with AP did not have CAD and 10 of 48 (21%) had CAD without AP. CAD was evenly distributed among patients with aortic stenosis, incompetence and mixed aortic valve disease. CAD was found in 23 of 100 patients with mitral valve disease. Sixteen of 32 patients with mitral incompetence had CAD of whom four had AP. Seven of 68 patients with mitral stenosis or mixed mitral valve disease had CAD. AP was noted by four of these seven patients but by none of the 61 with normal coronary arteriograms (p less than 0.0001). Asymptomatic CAD was more common among patients with mitral incompetence (12/28 vs 3/64 p less than 0.005). AP was an unreliable marker for CAD in aortic valve disease or mitral incompetence. Conversely, CAD was uncommon without AP in mitral stenosis or mixed mitral valve disease. Coronary arteriography seems indicated in the pre-operative assessment of patients aged greater than or equal to 40 years with aortic valve disease or mitral incompetence. Its value is limited in patients with mitral stenosis or mixed mitral valve disease without AP. PMID- 6960872 TI - Tangier disease with normal serum cholesterol. AB - Three patients with Tangier Disease (hypoalphalipoproteinaemia) from the same family are described. One shows the classically described lipid abnormalities of the disease, with a low serum cholesterol level, and almost absent high density lipoprotein (HDL). However, two of his siblings, although demonstrable as Tangier homozygotes, have serum cholesterol levels within the normal range. This anomaly has arisen because they are also heterozygous for familial combined hyperlipidaemia. The pattern of inheritance of the two disorders, Tangier Disease and combined hyperlipidaemia, appears to be unrelated. PMID- 6960874 TI - Adult onset Still's disease: a cause of pyrexia of unknown origin. AB - A case of adult onset Still's disease is reported. A middle aged woman presented with prolonged high fever, rash, polyarthritis, leukocytosis and abnormal liver function tests. The clinical features and multisystem nature of this condition are emphasised. PMID- 6960873 TI - Fever as an adverse reaction to carbamazepine. AB - Two middle-aged women developed fever and abnormal liver function tests while taking carbamazepine. In one case the fever recurred following drug challenge. There are possible links to the known immune-related effects of the drug. Carbamazepine should be considered as a cause if fever or cholestasis develops in any person taking the drug. PMID- 6960875 TI - Evolution of fascioliasis after eating wild watercress. AB - Fascioliasis is rarely reported in humans although it is endemic in sheep and cattle. We describe the illness of a 60-year-old widow who ate wild watercress which is the usual source of infestation. Laparotomy for suspected liver abscesses revealed necrotic tracts on the surface of the liver left by the invasion of numerous flukes. Diagnosis was made during the latent phase by the detection of serum antibody to fasciola hepatica antigen obtained from a sheep. Symptoms returned during the cholestatic phase. Mature flukes were then present in the large bile ducts and ova appeared in the stools. Symptoms resolved twelve weeks after presentation. PMID- 6960876 TI - Reversible renal failure due to renal cholesterol embolism. AB - A fifty-nine-year-old male developed acute renal failure as a result of renal cholesterol embolism following an arch aortogram. He recovered satisfactory renal function after a period of peritoneal dialysis. The clinical spectrum of renal cholesterol embolism is briefly reviewed. PMID- 6960877 TI - Reactive arthritis associated with Clostridium difficile. AB - A case of reactive arthritis in a patient with a previously documented history of Reiter's syndrome is described. The precipitating agent appears to have been Clostridium difficile. High levels of toxin were demonstrable in the faeces and neutralising antitoxin was detected in the patient's serum but not synovial fluid. Resolution of the polyarthropathy was slow despite successful eradication of the C. difficile with a course of vancomycin. PMID- 6960878 TI - Primary hyperaldosteronism in pregnancy. AB - We report a case of primary hyperaldosteronism in a 37-year-old woman presenting early in pregnancy with hypertension and hypokalaemia. Plasma renin concentration was suppressed and unaffected by sodium restriction or upright posture at 16 and 35 weeks gestation, or seven days post-partum. Recumbent plasma aldosterone was elevated, and normal postural response lost both at 35 weeks gestation and seven days post-partum. Vaginal delivery, following induction at 38 weeks, was uncomplicated. Two months postpartum C.T. scan and adrenal venous catheterisation studies indicated a left sided adenoma and left adrenalectomy was performed. Within seven days the patient was normotensive with normal serum potassium and urinary aldosterone on no treatment. PMID- 6960879 TI - False positive diagnosis of vegetations on a myxomatous mitral valve using two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 6960880 TI - Right atrial thrombus simulating myxoma on M-mode echocardiography in a patient with pulmonary emboli. AB - Echoes from a right atrial mass in a patient with pulmonary embolism simulated a typical echocardiographic appearance of a right atrial myxoma. The patient was admitted with recurrent pulmonary emboli and had evidence of deep venous thrombosis on venography. M-mode echocardiography showed the appearance of a right atrial mass and right atrial angiography confirmed the presence of a mass prolapsing from right atrium into right ventricle. Subsequent 2-dimensional echocardiography and careful repeat M-mode echocardiography failed to demonstrate the mass suggesting embolisation to the lungs or lysis of the thrombus. PMID- 6960882 TI - The other side of statistical significance. PMID- 6960881 TI - Cardiac tamponade in hydrallazine-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6960883 TI - The Vietnam veteran ten years on. AB - A review of the literature has been made on the diagnostic, management and administrative procedures adopted by military psychiatrists during the Vietnam conflict. Initial reports of low rates of psychiatric attrition probably concealed much combat-related psychopathology by labelling these problems as administrative disciplinary infractions. In the later stages of the war, explosive outbreaks of substance, particularly heroin, abuse were noted as well as reports of serious violence directed towards superior officers and Vietnamese civilians. Successful coping styles adopted by the troops against combat stress, culture shock and anomie have also been described as have their stratagems for managing a return to a politically divided community. Studies on returned veterans point to ongoing psychopathology in the areas of post traumatic stress disorder and depression in proportion to the severity of the combat to which they were exposed. Increased rates of violence and alcoholism have yet to be demonstrated. The therapy of veterans with adjustment problems and post-combat psychiatric disorders has also been reviewed. PMID- 6960884 TI - Female vulnerability to neurosis: the influence of social roles. AB - Studies of prevalence of neurotic disorders show women to be far more vulnerable than men. Biological factors cannot account for this marked sex difference; social factors are clearly implicated. Findings from a community study in London show that social roles, especially those relating to marriage, are implicated. It appeared that lack of employment outside the home was deleterious for both sexes, while a poor marital relationship was deleterious for women alone. Although care of young children was associated with neurosis in women, it did so by virtue of depriving women of employment outside the home. PMID- 6960885 TI - The epidemiology of psychiatric illness in industrialised society. AB - There is no convincing evidence that the amount of formal psychiatric illness is any greater in industrialised than in non-industrialised societies, although the amount of social deviance probably is greater. It is seriously questioned whether modern industrialised society is any more stressful than any other type of society either current or in any earlier era. However, lack of comparable data between different societies and between different time periods presents major methodological problems in fully assessing these issues. PMID- 6960886 TI - A methodology for preparing 'ideal' treatment outlines in psychiatry. The Quality Assurance Project. AB - The methodology of preparing treatment process criteria for agoraphobia and the depressive disorders is described. To avoid bias three sources of information were used: the results of a meta-analysis of the treatment outcome literature, the views of a sample of practising psychiatrists, and the views of a small representative expert committee. When criteria for schizophrenia and the neuroses have been completed the quality assurance project should serve two main purposes: first as an aid to continuing and postgraduate education and second as a basis for clinical review criteria required by peer review and other quality assurance activities. PMID- 6960887 TI - The lust murder of Edward. AB - The events surrounding an act of great violence committed by an adolescent boy are discussed. Significance rests in the fact that both the victim and the offender were known to the author. It is suggested that in the genesis of this crime, three critical factors converged: an offender whose psychopathology was such that an impulsive act of sexual violence was possible, a victim whose helplessness, availability and symbolic appeal made him ripe for exploitation, and finally, a social network of significant others whose own preoccupations and losses led them to overlook the signals of impending violence. Here again as part of that network of significant others, the author is in a unique position to comment intimately on the nature of this environmental 'failure' and on its subsequent ramifications. PMID- 6960888 TI - Marital interaction in persisting obsessive-compulsive disorders. AB - The failure of modern behaviour therapy to relieve usefully more than 50% of severe, persisting obsessive-compulsive disorders is discussed. It is suggested that explanations for the failure of many married patients to respond to behaviour therapy can be found in their marital interaction. Where the development or maintenance of obsessive-compulsive symptoms is an alternative to overt marital conflict, it may often be counterproductive to treat the symptoms alone, since this serves to consolidate them as a displaced focus of marital dissatisfaction. Marital therapy is often unacceptable or ineffective in such cases. Five cases of persisting obsessive-compulsive disorder in married women are used to illustrate this. An innovative treatment model using spouse-aided therapy is outlined, wherein the patient's spouse is invited to take part in therapy as a co-therapist or co-agent of change. PMID- 6960889 TI - The relationship between suicide, undetermined deaths and accidental deaths in the Australian born and migrants in Australia. AB - Australian data pertaining to Suicide and Accidental Deaths (I.C.D.7) for the years 1962-69 are compared with those for suicide, undetermined deaths and accidental deaths (I.C.D.8) for 1968-71, specific for country of birth. The data strongly suggest that deaths classified as 'undetermined' after the introduction of that I.C.D. category in 1968, had been classified as accidental prior to that data, especially deaths from poisoning. There was some differential between the Australian and U.K. born and the European born. It was estimated that Australian suicide rates are possibly underestimated by 5-10% for males, and 10-20% for females by categorising some deaths from poisoning as being undetermined or accidental. PMID- 6960890 TI - Quality Assurance Project. PMID- 6960891 TI - Vietnam veterans. PMID- 6960892 TI - Non college member supervisors. PMID- 6960893 TI - Language and the law. PMID- 6960894 TI - Purification and properties of a new glutathione-dependent thiol:disulphide oxidoreductase from rat liver. AB - A new GSSG-dependent thiol:disulphide oxidoreductase was extensively purified from rat liver cytosol. The enzymic protein shows molecular weight 40 000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and 43 000 as determined by thin-layer gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-100. The pI is 8.1. This enzyme converts rat liver xanthine dehydrogenase into an oxidase, in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Other disulphide compounds are either inactive or far less active than oxidized glutathione in the enzymic oxidation of rat liver xanthine dehydrogenase. The enzyme also catalyses the reduction of the disulphide bond of ricin and acts as a thioltransferase and as a GSH:insulin transhydrogenase. The enzymic activity was measured in various organs of newborn and adult rats. PMID- 6960895 TI - Polypeptide structure of human terminal transferase. PMID- 6960897 TI - [Treatment of the asthmatic child in the hospital]. PMID- 6960896 TI - Prostaglandin D2 induces sleep when microinjected into the preoptic area of conscious rats. PMID- 6960898 TI - [Indications for the use of permanent pacemakers: current trends]. PMID- 6960899 TI - [Schistosomiasis: clinical spectrum of the disease and response to oxamniquine treatment in chronic infections]. PMID- 6960900 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux in pediatrics]. PMID- 6960901 TI - Delayed presentation of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia resulting in stomach incarceration. PMID- 6960902 TI - [Definition and classification of cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6960903 TI - [Ethical considerations in the treatment of adolescents with gonorrhea]. PMID- 6960904 TI - [Pediatric electrocardiography]. PMID- 6960905 TI - Percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung. PMID- 6960906 TI - [Epidemiology of urinary tract infections in patients who use family medicine services: a descriptive study]. PMID- 6960907 TI - Nonspecificity of elevated serum phosphate levels in the diagnosis of intestinal ischemia. PMID- 6960908 TI - Intermittent atrio-ventricular block related to a high grade stenosis of the right coronary artery. PMID- 6960909 TI - Ambulatory surgery at Ponce Regional Hospital. PMID- 6960910 TI - [Pediatric electrocardiography]. PMID- 6960911 TI - Rheumatic mitral stenosis in association with the short P-R normal QRS syndrome. PMID- 6960912 TI - The prevention of cross-infection in dentistry. PMID- 6960913 TI - Amoxycillin--an alternative treatment for cervicofacial actinomycosis? PMID- 6960914 TI - Anaesthetic deaths. PMID- 6960915 TI - The autogenous transplantation of maxillary canines. PMID- 6960917 TI - Toothache and cracked cusps. PMID- 6960916 TI - Fluoride supplements--age related dosages. PMID- 6960918 TI - Complications of automated root canal treatment. Apical perforation and overfilling. PMID- 6960919 TI - Oral manifestations in linear IgA disease. PMID- 6960920 TI - Comparison of the abrasive wear in vitro of a number of composite resins. PMID- 6960921 TI - Starters to help the countdown to retirement. PMID- 6960922 TI - 2nd Gordon Hamilton Fairley lecture. Need for new approaches to the treatment of patients in clinical remission, with special reference to acute myeloid leukaemia. AB - A serious limitation of chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), Hodgkins disease and some classes of breast cancer is that, even when clinically evident disease responds well, the same chemotherapy when given during remission does not affect the rate of relapse after chemotherapeutic or surgical ablation of the primary disease. This cannot, in general, be caused by genetic adaptation of the residual cancer cells which renders them resistant to specific drugs, because after relapse further remissions can be obtained with the same drugs that were ineffective by chronic administration in prolonging remission. The resistance of the residual cells may arise from mechanisms such as inaccessibility for anatomical or other reasons, or because of a change in metabolic state which causes these cells temporarily to cease division, when they cannot be harmed by cycle-dependent drugs and repair damage sustained from cycle-independent drugs. Limited differentiation has been shown capable of reversal and this may be a mechanism which leads to quiescence and associated "resistance", particularly in the case of AML. Where such resistance occurs treatment during remission-or as an adjuvant to surgery and radiotherapy-may have to rely on mechanisms which are independent of cellular proliferation such as processes associated with graft versus-host-disease or the induction of terminal differentiation. A model for studying the nature of resistance of residual cancer and for testing treatments that might be active against cancer cells in this state may be dormant metastases. The latter are malignant cells which appear to be in peaceful co existence with their host and which in experimental systems have been induced to grow into lethal metastases by perturbation of the host by surgical trauma, by hormonal manipulation or by immunosuppression. PMID- 6960923 TI - Human chromosome analysis in 24 cases of primary carcinoma of the large intestine: contribution of the G-banding technique. AB - As in the haemopathies, the application of cytogenetics to epithelial cancers could aid in the study of their pathogenesis evaluation. In this context we performed chromosome analyses on a series of human colo-rectal cancers. The technique was consistently reliable since the modal number of chromosomes could be determined in all 24 cases. In 22, karyotypes could also be established. Each tumour was characterized by a single cell clone in 21 cases and by a mosaic of 2 populations in 3 cases. Numerical anomalies were not due to chance: they enabled near-diploid (11 cases), near-triploid (9 cases), mosaic (3 cases) and highly polyploid (1 case) cancers to be distinguished. Supernumerary chromosomes were primarily in groups C and F. The most frequent markers before denaturation techniques were No 2q +, No F and minutes. Each time double-minutes were observed (5 cases), they were in invasive cancers (B and C Dukes classification). Cells were generally diploid in non-invasive cancers with fewer quantitative and structural anomalies. Tumour cytogenetics were related to the histological type and localization in the colon, as well as to the local and metastatic spread. PMID- 6960924 TI - Long-term bone-marrow damage in children treated for ALL: evidence from in vitro colony assays (GM-CFC and CFUF). AB - We have studied granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC) in serial bone marrow aspirates from 43 children who had been treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). All patients were in full remission, not receiving anti leukaemic therapy and 42 out of the 43 had normal peripheral blood counts. Thirty seven patients have received standard amounts of chemotherapy and 6 have received additional therapy for relapses occurring in the first treatment-free interval. In the former group estimation of GM-CFC incidence did not provide evidence of long-term residual bone-marrow damage. In the latter, however, the mean incidence of GM-CFC was significantly reduced. This reduction was also apparent when the incidence of GM-CFC was related to the incidence of non-haemopoietic progenitor cells within the marrow (CFU-F). PMID- 6960925 TI - The influence of catecholamines and prostaglandins on calcium efflux and filtrability of thermally damaged erythrocytes: an in vitro study. AB - Whole blood was heated in vitro and incubated with any of the following: epinephrine, norepinephrine, prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin E2 or prostaglandin F2 alpha. The treatment was assessed by whole-blood filtration and extrusion of a Ca2+ load from Ca2+ loaded red cells. Epinephrine did not affect the parameters measured. Norepinephrine increased cell filtration times and delayed Ca2+ extrusion. Prostaglandin E1 acted in an opposite manner. prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha both decreased red-cell deformability and Ca2+ extrusion above the effect of heat alone Prostaglandin E2 showed the most pronounced effect. Possible implications of the findings for microcirculation in burned patients are discussed. PMID- 6960926 TI - Complexation of anthracycline antibiotics by the apo egg white riboflavin binding protein. AB - The apo chicken egg white riboflavin binding protein complexes several anthracycline antitumor antibiotics and their metabolites. The Kd value for three important anthracycline glycosides (adriamycin, daunomycin, aclacinomycin A) is approximately identical at 0.5 micro M. The anthracycline occupies the flavin binding site in this complex, having its D-B rings overlaying the region normally occupied by the riboflavin A-C rings, respectively. The glycoside of the anthracycline, attached to C-7 of the A ring, is exposed to the solvent; consequently, the binding protein discriminates poorly between anthracycline A ring geometric isomers. Anthracyclinones, metabolites lacking the C-7 glycoside, are bound about 10-fold more tightly. The basis for the occupancy by anthracyclines of this flavin binding site is a steric homology (both ligands contain planar, linear conjugated rings) permitting the energetically favorable displacement of water from the hydrophobic pocket. The binding protein anthracycline complex has been used for anaerobic aqueous redox titrations. Dithionite reduction of the anthracycline glycoside provides, in a two-electron process, the 7-deoxyanthracyclinone, via reductive elimination. The bound 7 deoxyanthracyclinone is then further two-electron reduced to the bound hydroquinone. Semiquinone radical intermediates are observed transiently; these are neither stable in solution nor complexed to the binding protein. Oxidation of the hydroquinone is accomplished by several reagents (oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, ferricyanide, cytochrome c). In the case of 7-deoxydaunomycinone hydroquinone, a mixture of two products is produced upon oxidation; these are the chromo-7 deoxydaunomycinone (identical with the first 2-e- reduction intermediate) and its leuco isomer, 8-acetyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5,8,12-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-6,11 naphthacenedione (iso-7-deoxydaunomycinone). These studies provide useful information concerning the redox properties of the anthracyclines and suggest that these antitumor antibiotics may be capable of functioning as riboflavin antagonists in vivo. PMID- 6960927 TI - Effect of albumin, low temperature and metabolic inhibitors on transport of fatty acids into cultured human leukemic myeloid cells. AB - Radioactively-labelled palmitic acid was used to study the effects of albumin, low temperature and several inhibitors of metabolism on transport of fatty acids into cultured human leukemic myeloid cells. When serum or albumin were present in the medium, uptake of fatty acid by cells as well as its further incorporation into phospholipids and neutral lipids were considerably reduced. Uptake and metabolic utilization of this fatty acid was reduced at low temperature, in the presence or absence of albumin in the incubation medium. In absence of albumin, addition of iodoacetate, sodium cyanide or sodium azide had but little effect on the total uptake of fatty acids while metabolic utilization was reduced. When albumin was present, these inhibitors reduced both total uptake and incorporation into lipids. The data suggest that incorporation of the fatty acid into the outer layer of the cell membrane is controlled by the concentration of free, uncomplexed molecules of fatty acid adjacent to the cell surface. In the absence of albumin this is a fast reaction which reaches nearly maximal uptake in three minutes. In the presence of albumin, this process is much slower and follows a nearly linear course between 3 and 60 minutes. Translocation into the inner layer of the membrane and subsequent utilization for metabolic processes is a much slower process, which seems to depend on the quantity of the fatty acid in the outer layer. PMID- 6960928 TI - Effects of oleate and compactin on the metabolism and secretion of cholesterol and cholesteryl ester by rat hepatocytes. AB - Incubation of rat hepatocytes with oleate for a period of 1 h gave rise to a decrease in the total (esterified plus unesterified) cholesterol associated with very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). This effect was no longer apparent after longer incubation periods. The rate of cholesterol biosynthesis decreased during the first hour of incubation in the presence of oleate. After longer incubation periods, however, more cholesterol was synthesised in the presence of oleate than in its absence. The extracellular presence of oleate gave rise to a 2-fold increase in the concentration of cellular cholesteryl ester. Under these conditions cholesteryl ester contributed a larger proportion of the total cholesterol secreted with the VLDL. The cholesteryl ester associated with VLDL was derived predominantly from cholesteryl ester synthesised intracellularly. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis with compactin did not significantly alter the rate of secretion of VLDL-cholesterol. Newly synthesised non-esterified cholesterol equilibrated with the bulk of pre-existing cellular cholesterol before secretion with the VLDL. This was true irrespective of the rate of endogenous cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 6960929 TI - Development and regulation of bile salt sulfotransferase in rat liver. AB - Hepatic bile salt sulfotransferase activity was extremely limited in fetus, gradually increasing after birth. At puberty, enzyme activity declined in males but not in females, suggesting the influence of gonadal hormones associated with sexual maturation. Extremely high enzyme activity was found in pregnant rats at term. The neonatal bile salt sulfotransferase activity could be stimulated by bile acid feeding during pregnancy or maternal bile duct ligation. In contrast, a decrease in enzyme activity was detected in the treated pregnant females. Phenobarbital treatment during pregnancy also produced a 5-fold increase in neonatal enzyme activity. These results suggested that bile salt sulfation was regulated by chemical factors before maturity, and by gonadal hormones thereafter. Two fractions with bile salt sulfotransferase activity were separated from female liver by zone electrophoresis and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography, while a single active fraction was detected in male liver which corresponded to one of the active female fractions. The two active fractions in the female exhibited the same molecular weight (130 000), and different isoelectric points (6.8 and 5.3). The male fraction had a molecular weight of 130 000 and a pI of 5.3. PMID- 6960930 TI - Species differences in circulating prostaglandin metabolites. Relevance for the assay of prostaglandin release. AB - The profiles of circulating metabolites of prostaglandin F2 alpha were investigated in a number of species, viz. rat, rabbit, guinea pig, cattle and sheep. The aim of the study was to identify in each animal major plasma metabolites that outlast the initially formed, short-lived 15-keto-13, 14 dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha and might thus serve as better parameters for monitoring prostaglandin production in vivo. Tritium-labeled prostaglandin F2 alpha was injected intravenously and frequent blood samples were collected. The metabolic profiles at different stages were visualized using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography and autoradiography. Identification of circulating products was achieved by comparison with reference compounds using several chromatographic methods, and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in cases where larger amounts of the prostaglandin had been administered. In the rabbit a similar study was also done with tritium-labeled prostaglandin E2. Certain species differences were seen in the removal of labeled compounds from the circulation, the elimination being most efficient in the guinea pig. Further differences were seen in the profiles of circulating prostaglandin metabolites. The first appearing major prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite was always 15-ketodihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha. However, this compound was later replaced in the circulation by a number of more degraded products, the profiles of which were relatively typical for each species. Thus, in cattle, rat and guinea pig, the earliest-formed metabolites, 15 ketodihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha and its tetranor counterpart, 5 alpha, 7 alpha dihydroxy-11-ketotetranorprostanoic acid, remained comparatively prominent plasma products, whereas highly polar dicarboxylic acids rapidly dominated the metabolite spectrum in the ovine and lapine circulation. These differences were further supported by separate kinetic experiments, using unlabeled prostaglandin F2 alpha and radioimmunological determination of formed products. These latter experiments also demonstrated further pronounced species differences in the rat of elimination of the different prostaglandin metabolites. A considerable interconversion between prostaglandin E and F compounds was also demonstrated in some species. In conclusion, the traditional prostaglandin parameters in plasma, the 15-ketodihydrometabolites, were found not to be the best parameters in all species. It is suggested that species differences in prostaglandin metabolism are taken ito consideration when the optimal analytical protocol is sought for future biological studies. Some alternatives are suggested in the present paper. PMID- 6960931 TI - Synthesis and degradation of prostaglandin E2 in the epithelial and sub epithelial layers of the rat intestine. AB - Methods are described for the parallel assay of prostaglandin E2 synthesis and degradation on a single homogenate. Using these methods, we show that prostaglandin synthesis is located predominantly in the subepithelium whereas the capacity to degrade prostaglandins resides mainly in the epithelial cells. Separation of the epithelial cells into a 'villus to crypt gradient' showed that the capacity to degrade prostaglandins decreased from villus to crypt whereas the responsiveness of the adenylate cyclase to exogenous prostaglandin E2 increased. These findings are discussed in relation to cyclic AMP-mediated, prostaglandin induced secretion. PMID- 6960932 TI - [Effect of the cholesterol oxidase formed by Actinomyces lavendulae on hypercholesterolemia in rabbits]. PMID- 6960933 TI - Observer variability in serial noninvasive measurements of stroke index using pulsed Doppler flowmetry. PMID- 6960935 TI - [Immunogenicity of leukemic cells during low-temperature freezing with different cryoprotectors]. AB - Immunogenicity of leukemic cells was studied and compared during conservation with the three cryoprotectors, DMSO, DMAC, and PEO. Immunogenicity of leukemic cells was assessed from immune response of the experimental animals to immunization with these cells (the titer of cytotoxic antibodies and lymphocyte cytotoxicity). The data obtained indicate that immunogenicity of leukemic cells conserved with DMAC and PEO does not virtually differ from that of native cells or of cells conserved with DMSO. PMID- 6960934 TI - [Isolation of hybrid clones of human-rodent somatic cells]. AB - Mutant cells of Chinese hamster or mouse were fused with normal embryonic human cells. The fusion was induced by polyethylene glycol. The Eagle medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterine, thymidine, glycine, and ouabain served as a selective medium. The parent cells were completely destroyed in the selective medium. The hybrid cells formed colonies which were isolated and reproduced for cytogenetic analysis. The cytogenetic analysis has confirmed the hybrid origin of the isolated clones. PMID- 6960936 TI - [Solubilization of membrane-bound nitrate reductase from Veillonella alcalescens]. PMID- 6960937 TI - [Mechanical analysis of tooth movement (I). Single tooth movement]. PMID- 6960938 TI - [Protective effect of a preservative agent on a developer]. PMID- 6960940 TI - [Isozymes of pyruvate kinase in the liver of tumor-bearing and starved rats]. PMID- 6960939 TI - [A case of Quincke's edema. (A case of satisfying convalescence with the traditional Chinese medicine in administration)]. PMID- 6960941 TI - [Phenylalanine hydroxylating activity in Tawa sarcoma]. PMID- 6960943 TI - [The microindentation hardness of high copper type alloy amalgams (2). Relation between microstructure and hardness]. PMID- 6960942 TI - [Physical characteristics of commercially available amalgam alloys]. PMID- 6960944 TI - [Effect of mercury-to-alloy ratio on the microindentation hardness of high copper amalgam (2). Relation between microstructure and hardness]. PMID- 6960945 TI - [Investigations on the abrasion, attrition, and fracture of composite restorative resins]. PMID- 6960946 TI - [Developmental changes of various esteroprotease isozymes in the mouse submandibular gland]. PMID- 6960947 TI - [Effect of dental illumination on eye fatigue during accommodation response]. PMID- 6960948 TI - [Analgesic effect of superficial meridian stimulation]. PMID- 6960949 TI - [Characteristic of high speed dental X-ray film]. PMID- 6960950 TI - ["Moon face" using Moire topography. Preliminary report: moon face disappearance rate]. PMID- 6960951 TI - [Effects of "ACESS for Children" dentifrice on gingivitis]. PMID- 6960952 TI - [Relation of allergic rhinitis to atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis in children]. PMID- 6960953 TI - [A case report concerning anterior guidance (A.G.)]. PMID- 6960954 TI - [Antibacterial activity of aculeacin A against various serotypes of Streptococcus mutans]. PMID- 6960955 TI - [A case of a multilocular cyst]. PMID- 6960956 TI - [A case of skeletal Class III malocclusion (including functional factor) in the permanent dentition]. PMID- 6960957 TI - [Effects of steroid hormones on the hypertrophy of the mouse submandibular gland caused by repeated lower incisor amputations]. PMID- 6960958 TI - [Effect of mixing time on microindentation hardness and microstructure of high copper amalgams]. PMID- 6960959 TI - [Changes in microindentation hardness of amalgams in relation to time]. PMID- 6960960 TI - [Effect of mixing time on dimensional changes during the setting of some commercially available dental amalgams]. PMID- 6960961 TI - [Porcelain inlay adaption. Adaption according to cavity size]. PMID- 6960962 TI - Phylogenic studies utilizing immunoglobulin allotype (Gm, Km) genetic markers as index. PMID- 6960964 TI - Factors influencing dental health education for the aged. PMID- 6960963 TI - Direct and indirect effects of adenosine 5'-triphosphate on guinea-pig ileum. AB - 1 The inhibitory effects of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) were compared on the responses to electrical stimulation, and to direct and indirect stimulation by drugs of the longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea-pig ileum before and after blocking nervous activity. 2 While the major inhibitory effect of ATP was an indirect one on the intramural excitatory nerves, there was also a small direct effect on the muscle. 3 ATP also had direct and indirect excitatory effects. The direct effect particularly was only seen with high concentrations of ATP, but the appearance of these excitatory effects may be affected by the inhibitory actions. PMID- 6960965 TI - Characteristics of dental hygiene positions in Canada, 1979, Part 1. PMID- 6960966 TI - Teaching master, dental auxiliary program in an Ontario community college. PMID- 6960967 TI - Radiation hazards in dentistry. PMID- 6960968 TI - Eye protection in the dental office. PMID- 6960969 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in oral surgery. PMID- 6960970 TI - Endodontic case report - obturation of a pulpless tooth with a calcified apex, secondary to trauma. PMID- 6960971 TI - North american Burkitt-type ALL with a variant translocation t(8;22). AB - A variant translocation, t(8;22) (q24;q12), was found in bone marrow (BM) and long-term cultured peripheral blood (PB) cells obtained from an American boy with Burkitt-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL-L3, French-American-British classification). Surface marker studies revealed a monoclonal immunoglobulin A (sIgA) with a lambda chain (74%) on the PB cells in a sample containing 74% blast cells. A table summarizing the cases with variant translocations in Burkitt diseases [Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and ALL-L3] is presented, and review of the published data indicates that, generally, the survival of patients with t(8;22) type BL and ALL-L3 is short and comparable to that of patients with the more common translocation, t(8;14). There appears to be no relationship between t(2;8) or t(8;22) and a specific heavy-chain sIg. The karyotypes of the BM cells and those of the long-term cultured PB cells, though retaining t(8;22), differed from each other. Chromosomal analyses using cells from long-term culture may reveal karyotypic changes in addition to those seen on direct analysis. The key karyotypic anomaly in Burkitt-type diseases appears to be the breakage of chromosome #8 at band q24. PMID- 6960972 TI - Cytogenetic studies on Burkitt's lymphoma-leukemia. AB - Chromosome studies on 26 cases of Burkitt's cell malignancy are reported, including 7 lymphomas and 19 acute lymphocytic leukemias. A specific translocation was found in 26 of the patients: 20 t(8;14), 4 t(8;22), and 1 t(2;8). In one other case only 2 mitoses out of 59 were found to have a probable t(8;22) translocation. Additional chromosomal abnormalities were found in 15 of the patients, irrespective of whether they had or had not been treated before cytogenetic investigation. The most remarkable was a partial duplication of chromosome 1q. The presence of additional chromosomal abnormalities together with a specific translocation allows a distinction to be made between specific and secondary chromosome anomalies. The implications of the two types of aberrations for research into the molecular mechanisms of malignancy are discussed. PMID- 6960973 TI - Low constitutive activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in phytohaemoagglutinin stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - In six children in the first remission after treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) the constitutive activity of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo [alpha]pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH) (0.14 +/- 0.04 U, i.e. pmol of 3-OH-benzo[alpha] pyrene x 10(-6) cells x min-1) in phytohaemoagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was significantly lower (P 0.05) than the constitutive activities in the parents of the children (0.25 +/- 0.09 U) and in the control adult group (0.26 +/- 0.09 U). In methylcholanthrene (MC)-induced activities of AHH no significant differences were observed between the above groups. PMID- 6960974 TI - Sulfotransferase and deacetylase in normal and tumor-bearing liver of CD rats: autoradiographical studies with N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and N-hydroxy-4 acetylaminobiphenyl in vitro and in vivo. AB - Slices of liver from CD rats were evaluated by autoradiography after exposure to N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-hydroxy-AAF) labeled in the acetyl moiety with tritium. These in vitro experiments showed that the incorporation of the acetyl group of N-hydroxy-AAF was a sulfate-dependent enzymatic process in livers from male rats. Livers from females, and hyperplastic nodules and carcinomas induced in the livers of males, were essentially incapable of carrying out this reaction. The results of these in vitro experiments were compared with those obtained with liver sections from a male CD rat exposed in vivo to the tritiated N-hydroxy-AAF. A close relationship between covalent binding and necrosis was demonstrated by the observation that the acetyl moiety of N-hydroxy-AAF was preferentially incorporated into the periportal area, the same area in which liver necrosis occurs after a single injection of the hydroxamic acid. These data offer a biochemical rationale for the relative sensitivities of these cells to the toxic effects of N-hydroxy-AAF and its parent amide. There were no differences in the incorporation of ring-labeled N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl with respect to the sex of the animal or to the morphological characteristics of the tissue. The inhibition of the formation of these adducts by paraoxon suggests that they resulted from the action of deacetylases in the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6960975 TI - [Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with an intense chemotherapeutic regimen and variable reduction of the dosage for elderly patients]. PMID- 6960977 TI - Measurement of dentinal hypersensitivity. PMID- 6960976 TI - Characteristics of the enzymatic capacity for cysteine desulfhydration in cat tissues. PMID- 6960978 TI - Dentinal sensitivity: a periodontist's perspective. PMID- 6960979 TI - Current treatment for dentinal hypersensitivity. In-office treatment. PMID- 6960981 TI - Current treatment for dentinal hypersensitivity. Potassium nitrate as a desensitizer. PMID- 6960980 TI - Current treatment for dentinal hypersensitivity. At-home treatment. PMID- 6960982 TI - The physiologic origins of dental pain. PMID- 6960983 TI - The anatomic and physiologic basis for dentinal sensitivity. PMID- 6960984 TI - Esthetic Class V restorations utilizing light-activated composite: a new approach. PMID- 6960985 TI - Differential diagnosis of orofacial pain. PMID- 6960986 TI - A conservative occlusal restoration using fissure sealant for prevention. PMID- 6960987 TI - Initiating endodontic therapy in posterior teeth. Part II. Maxillary molars. PMID- 6960988 TI - Chromosomal mutations in pigs derived from X-irradiated semen. AB - Chromosomal mutations (eight translocations, two pericentric inversions, one paracentric inversion) were found in 8 of 30 phenotypically normal pigs derived from semen irradiated at 800 rads. There were no chromosomal mutations detected in pigs derived from semen irradiated at 600 rads. A summary of the spontaneous and induced cases of chromosomal mutations in the family Suidae suggests that chromosomes 1 and 15 are more often involved in rearrangements. PMID- 6960990 TI - [A humanistic medicine]. PMID- 6960989 TI - Robertsonian karyotype variation in wild house mice from Rhaeto-Lombardia. AB - The European longtailed house mouse (M. m. brevirostris and domesticus) in the Rhaetian Alps and Lombardia presents a complex system of Robertsonian (Rb) variation and karyotype diversity, several adjoining populations homozygous for multiple Rb metacentric chromosomes, sites of coexistence of different Rb types, and zones of hybridization with non-Rb populations. The original "tobacco mouse" is just one of many local Rb variants, such as those from other Alpine areas (e.g., Orobian Alps) or from Central Lombardia, where a relatively large region within which the population is homogeneous for multi-Rb metacentrics is found. The present study is based strictly on material in which the chromosome arms were identified by G-banding, so that karyotypes within the areas under investigation could be compared. Altogether 111 mice were studied. PMID- 6960991 TI - Computers in dentistry. Part 4: Printers. PMID- 6960992 TI - [Evaluation of bilateral neck dissection of lymph nodes for the treatment of malignant oral-maxillo-facial tumors]. PMID- 6960993 TI - [Surgery and combined modalities in the treatment of the parotid carcinoma]. PMID- 6960995 TI - [Surgical orthodontics of protrusion of the anterior maxillary teeth (report of 10 cases)]. PMID- 6960994 TI - [Survey of hepatitis B virus infection in dental workers]. PMID- 6960996 TI - [Maxillary osteotomy for correction of maxillary deformities]. PMID- 6960997 TI - [Statistical analysis of classification, etiological factors and orthodontic treatment of malocclusion (according to the malocclusion classification by Mao Xiejun]. PMID- 6960998 TI - [Reconstruction of an oromaxillofacial defect by the sternocleidomastoid muscle and musculocutaneous flap]. PMID- 6960999 TI - [Discussion on the occlusal rest preparation]. PMID- 6961001 TI - [Survey of oral leukoplakia in patients with epithelial hyperplasia of the esophagus]. PMID- 6961000 TI - [Usage of forehead flaps for the repair of oral and pharyngeal defects]. PMID- 6961002 TI - [Electron probe analysis of calcium and phosphorus distributions in the enamel of artificial caries]. PMID- 6961003 TI - [Treatment of oral lichen planus by combined traditional Chinese and western medicine (report of 50 cases)]. PMID- 6961004 TI - [A method for external formation of early enamel caries model]. PMID- 6961005 TI - [Temporo-mandibular joint dysfunction syndrome in human evolution]. PMID- 6961006 TI - [Experimental study of a traditional Chinese medicine, a "periodontal detoxifying mixture"]. PMID- 6961007 TI - [Clinical effect of restoration of lost upper front teeth with titanium screw implants]. PMID- 6961008 TI - [Maxillofacial actinomycosis--report of 9 cases]. PMID- 6961009 TI - Pursuing excellence in dentistry: special report on the L.D. Pankey Institute. PMID- 6961010 TI - Compensating your hygienist for high production. PMID- 6961011 TI - "Treat people as people instead of as teeth". Interview with Dr. L.D. Pankey. PMID- 6961012 TI - Finding patients for a specialty practice--Dr. Alan Barbakow. PMID- 6961013 TI - How to write off your next office remodel. PMID- 6961014 TI - What do your patients really think about your practice? PMID- 6961015 TI - Winning case acceptance with your older patients. PMID- 6961016 TI - [New pantographic device with partially adjustable articulator]. PMID- 6961017 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of multiple myeloma--case description with a 5-year follow up]. PMID- 6961018 TI - [3-year follow-up of the success of root canal treatments done in student demonstrations]. PMID- 6961019 TI - [Can plastic fillings be processed directly from the refrigerator without loss of quality?]. PMID- 6961020 TI - [Adhesive strength studies of Isopast on Palliag M in a stress test after various metal surface pretreatment]. PMID- 6961021 TI - [Loads on the alveolar ridge and tooth with free-end dentures (a model trial)]. PMID- 6961022 TI - [Incidence of clinically manifest functional disorders in partial dentition injury]. PMID- 6961023 TI - [The stomatognathic system and its functional disorders in the computer tomogram]. PMID- 6961025 TI - [Electronic recording procedure for temporo-mandibular joint diagnosis]. PMID- 6961024 TI - [Gerber's resiliency test compared to other functional analyses]. PMID- 6961026 TI - [Electronic measurement of the mediotrusion path of the condyle over the terminal hinge axis of the mandible]. PMID- 6961027 TI - [Mandibular dynamics and the mastication pattern of complete denture wearers and of subjects with a full set of teeth. A pilot study]. PMID- 6961028 TI - [Signs of intolerance in wearers of total prostheses--6 years' experience]. PMID- 6961029 TI - [Allergological risks from denture materials. A clinical study]. PMID- 6961030 TI - [So-called rest position as seen by electromyography]. PMID- 6961031 TI - [Reflexes in edentulous patients and subjects with a full set of teeth]. PMID- 6961032 TI - HLA-DR antigens in Japanese with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. AB - HLA-A, -B, -C and -DR specificities were determined to study the association of HLA in 49 unrelated patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 51 patients with Graves' disease. The results were compared with 144 control subjects from the Japanese population at large. Much less HLA-DR2 was found in the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis than in the normal controls. It was present in 16% of the thyroiditis patients compared to 39% in the controls. Also the frequency of HLA DRl was less in the patients with Graves' disease (0%) than in the controls (15%). No positive association was found for any HLA-antigens in the two diseases. PMID- 6961033 TI - Controlled clinical evaluations of chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate in man. AB - To assess the relative safety of chronically administered chlorine water disinfectants in man, a controlled study was undertaken. The clinical evaluation was conducted in the three phases common to investigational drug studies. Phase I, a rising dose tolerance investigation, examined the acute effects of progressively increasing single doses of chlorine disinfectants to normal healthy adult male volunteers. Phase II considered the impact on normal subjects of daily ingestion of the disinfectants at a concentration of 5 mg/l. for twelve consecutive weeks. Persons with a low level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase may be expected to be especially susceptible to oxidative stress; therefore, in Phase III, chlorite at a concentration of 5 mg/l. was administered daily for twelve consecutive weeks to a small group of potentially at-risk glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient subjects. Physiological impact was assessed by evaluation of a battery of qualitative and quantitative tests. The three phases of this controlled double-blind clinical evaluation of chlorine dioxide and its potential metabolites in human male volunteer subjects were completed uneventfully. There were no obvious undesirable clinical sequellae noted by any of the participating subjects or by the observing medical team. In several cases, statistically significant trends in certain biochemical or physiological parameters were associated with treatment; however, none of these trends was judged to have physiological consequence. One cannot rule out the possibility that, over a longer treatment period, these trends might indeed achieve proportions of clinical importance. However, by the absence of detrimental physiological responses within the limits of the study, the relative safety of oral ingestion of chlorine dioxide and its metabolites, chlorite and chlorate, was demonstrated. PMID- 6961034 TI - The stereospecificity of 3 alpha- and 12 alpha-bile salt hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase systems from four microbial sources. AB - 5 beta-Cholanoates, having a hydroxyl group in the 3 alpha and 3 beta and/or 12 alpha and 12 beta configurations, were tested as substrates for two preparation of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH) and two preparations of 12 alpha HSDH. When the 3-OH group was in the alpha configuration, both 3 alpha-HSDH preparations reacted, but when it was in the beta configuration, neither 3 alpha HSDH preparations reacted. This also held true for the 12 alpha-HSDH preparations. PMID- 6961036 TI - Acute myelogenous leukemia: successful treatment of relapse with cytosine arabinoside, VP 16-213, vincristine and vinblastine (A-triple-V). AB - Between March 1980 and January 1982, 15 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in relapse were treated with one or more cycles of a combination chemotherapy consisting of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), VP 16-213, vincristine and vinblastine (A-triple-V). Of a total of 20 treatment cycles given, one partial and 15 complete remissions were achieved, there was no change in the bone marrow in two cases, one patient died due to Pseudomonas septicemia during an apparently normal bone marrow regeneration and one patient died of Candida infection while in aplasia. With 15 out of 20 (75%) successful relapse treatment courses, A-triple-V should be tested in first-line protocols. PMID- 6961037 TI - Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Response to therapy according to presenting features in 62 patients. AB - Sixty-two adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were treated with an induction regimen including vincristine, daunorubicin and prednisone (VDP) followed by CNS prophylaxis. Forty-five patients (72.5%) achieved complete remission (CR). The CR were maintained with daily 6-MP and weekly MTX. Monthly reinduction cycles with vincristine and prednisone (plus daunorubicin every three courses) were also given. Median duration of CR was 10.4 months. Overall survival was 17.4 months. The remission rate and length of CR were studied in relation to the clinical and hematological features present at diagnosis. CR rate was adversely influenced by age only over 40 and by tumoral presentation. The length of remission was negatively influenced by tumoral presentation, CNS involvement, high circulating blast count, L2 and L3 cytology, and T or B immunological phenotype. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the weight of FAB morphology in determining the length of remission. Among L2 adult patients, tumoral presentation appears to be the major unfavourable prognostic factor. PMID- 6961035 TI - Recovery of immune function after cessation of maintenance therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of childhood. AB - In previously healthy children, serum immunoglobulin levels at diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were entirely in the normal range. After antileukemic therapy had been given for 26-27 months, serum immunoglobulin levels were low. In 32 children these parameters could be followed for periods up to 3 years after cessation of therapy, the patients remaining in unmaintained remission. At cessation of therapy serum immunoglobulin levels were at the tenth centile of the normal range or slightly below. IgG promptly returned to normal levels and then remained in the normal range. IgA levels were restored much more slowly. Most striking was the slow and incomplete return of serum IgM to normal levels. Even after a follow-up of 3 years the mean was still subnormal. This was not accompanied by clinical signs of disturbed immunity. Our study points out that in assessing the long-term immunosuppressive effects of anticancer therapy the follow-up period must be sufficiently long. PMID- 6961039 TI - Root resorption, marginal bone support and clinical crown length in orthodontically treated patients. PMID- 6961040 TI - Electric burns of the mouth, long-term effects on the dentition: surgical and orthodontic considerations. PMID- 6961038 TI - Expression of transformation markers and suppression of tumorigenicity in human cell hybrids. AB - Somatic human cell hybrids produced by fusion of HeLa cells and diploid fibroblasts were analysed in a study designed to test the coordinate expression of transformation markers and tumorigenicity. The great majority of these hybrids displayed a finite lifespan in culture, but some of them inherited from the HeLa parent the capability to grow as permanent cell lines. Hybrids from both groups all had a plasminogen activator activity 20 to 100-fold higher and a cloning efficiency in semisolid medium 2 to 10-fold lower than the HeLa parent. Cell surface fibronectin was expressed at variable levels, albeit in a disorganized form. No correlation between the level of plasminogen activator or fibronectin content and cloning efficiency in agar was observed. Two hybrid lines, assayed for tumorigenicity in nude mice, did not produce tumors, even at inocula 20-fold greater than those at which the HeLa cells formed tumors. PMID- 6961042 TI - Relation between malocclusion and mandibular dysfunction in Swedish men. PMID- 6961041 TI - Lip seal training in the treatment of skeletal open bite. PMID- 6961043 TI - Effect of prednisolone and human growth hormone on growth of cranial bones and cranial base synchondroses in rats. PMID- 6961044 TI - Should orthopaedic treatment of severe class II malocclusions be related to growth? PMID- 6961045 TI - The effect of the mandibular lip bumper and maxillary bite plate on tooth movement, occlusion and space conditions in the lower dental arch. PMID- 6961046 TI - Abstracts of the 31 st Nordic Congress of Pneumonology. Helsinki, August 29 September 1, 1982. PMID- 6961047 TI - Societas Europaea Pneumologica 1st convention. Abstracts. Knokke/Bruges, September 15-22, 1982. PMID- 6961048 TI - [Peripheral nerve supply of teeth]. PMID- 6961049 TI - [Side effects of drugs on the oral cavity]. PMID- 6961050 TI - [10-years' experience and evaluation of results in the organization and development of orthodontic services in Bacs-Kiskun County]. PMID- 6961051 TI - [Classification of dental pulp diseases]. PMID- 6961052 TI - [Retrospective analysis of metastasizing malignant parotid tumors]. PMID- 6961053 TI - [Simple manipulation tests and their use in admission examinations for prospective dental students]. PMID- 6961054 TI - [Unusual course of a phlegmon of dental origin]. PMID- 6961055 TI - What the licensing bills will mean to your business. PMID- 6961056 TI - Making the best use of salespeople. PMID- 6961057 TI - Pantomographic radiology. I. Theory of pantomographic imaging, normal radiographic anatomy, and developmental abnormality interpretation. PMID- 6961058 TI - [Dental laboratory workplace. Functions- technics- ergonomics - safeguards]. PMID- 6961059 TI - [Peracid cleavage agents as microbial disinfection function-group agents]. PMID- 6961060 TI - [Melting and pouring of dental alloys in a vacuum--a technic of the future]. PMID- 6961061 TI - [Do we need more new medications?]. PMID- 6961062 TI - [Problems of dental preparation instruments made of hard metal. Rotating instruments important to the topic of research]. PMID- 6961064 TI - [Revelance of hygiene for dental care systems treatment equipment]. PMID- 6961063 TI - [New accident prevention list for dental practice. Infection protection in the foreground--necessary hygiene planning]. PMID- 6961066 TI - [KaVo dental chair of Siesta Mfg. Co]. PMID- 6961065 TI - [Sterisson-instrument: a revolution in instrument hygiene? Sterilization at 37 degrees C in 5-15 minutes]. PMID- 6961067 TI - [Preparation technic critically viewed. Science, industry, and work procedures from many ways]. PMID- 6961068 TI - [Case demonstrations at the Geneva University Dermatology Clinic]. PMID- 6961069 TI - Retail dentistry - tidal wave or ripple? How will it affect traditional dental practice? PMID- 6961070 TI - Dentists as partners: enjoying the benefits of togetherness. PMID- 6961071 TI - Raised lesion on maxillary gingiva. PMID- 6961072 TI - Stiffening of the skin. PMID- 6961073 TI - Determining continuing education needs for dentists and auxiliaries on a regional basis. PMID- 6961074 TI - Techniques and devices for recovering mercury and preventing contamination. PMID- 6961075 TI - Twelve dental mercury devices: an evaluation of methods of monitoring, containment, and removal of mercury. PMID- 6961076 TI - The open beak extraction technique. PMID- 6961077 TI - Patient perception of physical evaluation performed by the dental practitioner. PMID- 6961078 TI - Management of an avulsed central incisor: an unusual approach. PMID- 6961079 TI - The space maintainer: case reports of misuse and failures. PMID- 6961080 TI - Impression material properties and relative costs: a comparison. PMID- 6961081 TI - Recurrent growth on chin. PMID- 6961082 TI - Radiopaque mass within the mandible. PMID- 6961083 TI - Increasing demand for dental care: AGD advertising pays off. PMID- 6961084 TI - A single solution mixture of fluorides for treatment of cavity preparations. PMID- 6961085 TI - Preservation of attached gingiva with the exposure of unerupted teeth. PMID- 6961086 TI - Dental treatment in the pregnant or nursing patient. PMID- 6961087 TI - A comparison of eight ultrasonic cleaners. PMID- 6961088 TI - Can MMT save teeth? GPs eye 'Keyes technique'. PMID- 6961089 TI - Radiolucency in mandible. PMID- 6961090 TI - An overview of tissue bars. PMID- 6961091 TI - Regional nerve blocks in general dentistry. PMID- 6961092 TI - Cleft palate patients and local anesthesia. PMID- 6961093 TI - Karyotype analysis of four solid gynecologic tumors. PMID- 6961094 TI - [Effect of ebrantil, a new antihypertensive agent, on lipid metabolism and electrolyte balance]. AB - The influence of Ebrantil on serum electrolytes, lipids, and lipoproteins was studied in 8 normotensives and 10 hypertensives. For this purpose, Ebrantil sustained-release capsules were administered after a 7-10 day diet phase concomitantly with the diet for a period of 2 weeks. Before and after the diet phase, as well as subsequent to the treatment period, laboratory parameters were determined in fasting blood. The serum levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were identical at all measuring times. The concentrations of triglycerides, phospholipids, total cholesterol, VLDL-, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol, and of the apolipoproteins AI, AII and B measured in all patients at the end of the treatment period deviated only slightly from those determined in the diet phase. The mean value for the arteriosclerosis index LDL/HDL decreases significantly during treatment. The results reveal that Ebrantil has no negative influence on electrolyte balance and lipometabolism. PMID- 6961095 TI - [Physiopathological significance of prostaglandins in septic shock. Clinical and experimental indications]. AB - 3 collectives of a total of 22 surgical patients demonstrate massive release of vasoactive prostanoids accompanying clinical septic shock. PGF2 alpha serves as an example for impaired pulmonary prostaglandin metabolism under this condition. Moreover, divergent profiles consisting of PGF2 alpha, thromboxane and prostacyclin can be attributed to divergent shock parameters revealing that the thromboxane/prostacyclin-ratio might be of crucial significance on whether the prostanoid profile exerts toxic or rather beneficial effects. This is demonstrated clinically by means of renal function. The clinical hypotheses are subsequently evaluated in a porcine endotoxic shock model: Comparable stimulation of endogenous prostanoids is detected. The beneficial effects of prostacyclin are concluded from objective hemodynamic and functional data of lung and kidney. PMID- 6961096 TI - [Preventive dentistry from the periodontal viewpoint]. PMID- 6961097 TI - Unchanged angiotensin II-induced release of aldosterone during infusion of prostaglandin E2 in indomethacin-treated healthy subjects. PMID- 6961098 TI - Pathogenetic significance of "pure" monosomy 7 in myeloproliferative disorders. Analysis of 14 cases. AB - Monosomy 7 is frequent in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and in preleukaemic dysmyelopoietic syndromes but often it is not the only chromosome anomaly associated with these conditions. We report 14 patients with "pure" monosomy 7 and their clinical and haematological data are analysed in order to clarify the possible implications of this chromosome anomaly. The following points are considered: 1) In spite of the apparent variability of clinical forms in which monosomy 7 is found, several characteristics are common to all monosomy 7 patients, i.e. the presence of a preleukaemic phase and blood and marrow features suggesting the early involvement in the disease of all marrow cell lines. The different diagnoses associated with monosomy 7 are correlated with different steps of a unique myeloproliferative disease whose typical course can be reconstructed. 2) Monosomy 7 has a negative prognostic value. When it is found in a preleukaemic disorder it indicates a high risk of progression to AML, while in AML it implies recurrent infections, poor response to therapy and short survival. 3) The significance of the lack of Colton blood group antigens in monosomy 7 patients is discussed, with particular regard to the fact that the patients in whom this lack was found are the only ones who had not received transfusions in the months before the tests were done. 4) The finding of defective neutrophil chemotaxis in monosomy 7 patients is confirmed and the clinical importance of this fact is emphasized. 5) The data on the 14 patients support the opinion that AML, in general, is heterogeneous in origin. It is postulated that monosomy 7 is a marker of a specific pathogenetic pathway of AML, which implies the beginning of the malignancy in a pluripotent stem cell. PMID- 6961100 TI - Enhancement in immunity of tumor bearing mice by immunization against prostaglandin E2. AB - C57Bl/6 mice bearing a palpable Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) were immunized against prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in order to prevent the immune suppression typical of tumor bearers. Proliferation in response to concanavalin A (Con A) by normal spleen cells cultured in the presence of PGE2 or by spleen cells of LLC-bearing mice cultured with Con A alone was suppressed. However, the mitogenic response of spleen cells from PGE2 immunized LLC-bearing mice was only partially suppressed. The random migration of normal macrophages cultured in the presence of PGE2 or of macrophages from LLC-bearing mice cultured in medium alone was enhanced when compared to the random migration of normal macrophages cultured in the absence of PGE2. In contrast, the random migration of macrophages obtained from PGE2 immunized LLC-bearing mice was the same as that of normal macrophages cultured in the absence of PGE2. PMID- 6961099 TI - The isochromosome (17q) in chronic myelocytic leukaemia: mechanism of origin, centromeric function and clonal evolution. AB - An isochromosome (17q) may be observed in myelo- and lymphoproliferative disorders, as well as in solid tumours and it is very frequent in Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) during the blastic phase. A study on the mechanism of origin and on the centromeric function of the i(17q)s was performed by means of the C- and Cd-staining techniques in four CML patients. In all these cases, as well as in four others reported in the literature, the i(17q) is dicentric thus indicating that its origin is due to a break on the short arms followed by joining of the two chromatids containing the centromere. The Cd technique indicates that one of the two centromeres is inactive: this result is consistent with the fact that the i(17q) in CML is a step in the clonal evolution towards the acute phase. PMID- 6961101 TI - Detection of two distinct class II alpha:beta:Ii complexes in the Syrian hamster. AB - Hamsters alloantisera and a monoclonal antibody originally generated against antigens controlled by the murine I-Ek subregion, which cross-reacts with hamster cell surface antigens, have been used to define two distinct Ia-like complexes in the Syrian hamster. These complexes have been named alpha 1:beta 1 and alpha 2:beta 2 and are detected by hamster alloantisera or monoclonal antibody 14-4-4, respectively. For the three strains studied, alpha 1:beta 1 appears to be polymorphic in both alpha and beta chains, while the alpha 2:beta 2 complex is nonpolymorphic, as revealed by 2-D PAGE analyses. A third nonpolymorphic glycoprotein that appears to be the hamster's equivalent of the murine invariant chain (Ii) is associated with both the alpha 1:beta 1 and alpha 2:beta 2 complexes. In addition, we report the first biochemical detection of polymorphism between the closely related CB and MHA Syrian hamster strains. PMID- 6961102 TI - [Model preparation with the split cast]. PMID- 6961103 TI - [Anatomic transfer bow]. PMID- 6961104 TI - [Effects of axis congruance between skull-equilibrated mounted maxillary models and skull-referenced mounted mandibular models]. PMID- 6961105 TI - [Centric bite registration]. PMID- 6961106 TI - [Measurement of the effect of various occlusal relations on the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6961107 TI - [Significance of Bennett's angle in sagittal recordings]. PMID- 6961108 TI - [The axiograph]. PMID- 6961109 TI - [Temporomandibular joint-oriented diagnosis in lateral radiographs]. PMID- 6961110 TI - [Presentation of dynamic concepts in cephalometry]. PMID- 6961111 TI - [Morphology of the incisor-canine group]. PMID- 6961112 TI - [Model analysis with articulator related grid in an occlusal registration instrument (ORI)]. PMID- 6961113 TI - Systemic adverse reactions to prostaglandin F2 (PGF2 alpha, dinoprostone, prostin F2 alpha, prostalmon F). AB - Prostaglandins are mainly used in clinical medicine for midterm abortion and to terminate pregnancy. Systemic adverse reactions include nausea and vomiting, which occur in approximately half of the patients and, to a lesser extent, diarrhea. Although bronchospasm occurs infrequently, PGF2 should be avoided in asthmatics. Cardiorespiratory failure culminating in prolonged coma and death has been reported. Moreover, convulsions and EEG changes have been observed in a comparatively small number of cases. PMID- 6961114 TI - Inhibition of human placental progesterone synthesis by aminoglutethimide in vitro. AB - Aminoglutethimide (AG) is an inhibitor of P-450 linked steroid hydroxylation reactions including the cholesterol side chain cleavage, which is the rate limiting step by which the synthesis of pregnenolone and also progesterone can be controlled. d,1-AG is a weak inhibitor of the cholesterol side chain cleavage of human term placenta in vitro. The inhibitory potency of AG was greater in tests with mitochondrial preparations than in organ culture tests. The cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme in mitochondria from a human term placenta showed a 10% residual activity in the presence of 300 microM AG. A 50% inhibition was obtained using 90 microM AG. Due to large unknown quantities of unlabeled cholesterol a Ki for AG could not be determined. In organ culture tests, the progesterone concentration in culture medium of a human term placenta decreased to 50% of control values with rising amounts of AG (3-300 microM) and increased to 60-70% of control values with higher AG concentrations (up to 3 mM). The slow AG-dose dependent decrease of progesterone in the incubation medium of early human pregnancy can be explained by an inhibition of progesterone degradation by means of hydroxylation. The increase of progesterone at higher AG (300-3000 microM) concentrations could be the result of the fact that degradation is inhibited more than progesterone is formed. AG (100 microM) showed no inhibition of mitochondrial 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and cytoplasmic 20 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, both isolated from a human term placenta. PMID- 6961116 TI - Experiments on chiasmata and nondisjunction in mice. PMID- 6961115 TI - Cytogenetic changes during tumor progression towards invasion, metastasis and immune escape in the Eb/ESb model system. AB - Related tumor lines which represent different stages in their progression towards metastatic capacity were investigated and compared at the chromosomal level. The parental low-metastatic tumor line (L5178Y/Eb) was derived from a long-term transplanted, chemically induced T-cell lymphoma of the DBA/2 mouse. The cytogenetic analysis included this Eb line, a spontaneous high metastatic variant thereof which expressed a distinct tumor-associated transplantation antigen (ESb TATA+), and an immunoresistant TATA-negative variant of the latter (ESb TATA-). All three cell lines were characterized by a near-diploid chromosome count and by some common chromosomal markers derived from Nos. 6, 13 and 16 Large-scale chromosomal rearrangments resulted in the formation of eight marker chromosomes in Eb cells, 16 in ESb TATA+ cells and 18 in ESb TATA- cells. Tumor progression in this system showed a tendency to monosomies, which could bring the corresponding genes to a hemizygous state and possibly to a release from repression. Chromosome 15 was trisomic in Eb cells, monosomic in ESb TATA+ cells and hardly detectable in ESb TATA- cells. The Ig heavy-chain gene-carrying region of both chromosomes No. 12 was found in translocation with chromosomes Nos. 5, 13 and 14 (Eb cells) and with Nos. 1 and 17 (ESb cells). ESb TATA- cells differed from ESb TATA+ cells at four different chromosomes (Nos. 5, 8, 14 and 15). PMID- 6961117 TI - [Reconstruction by free fibula transplantation with microvascular anastomosis in extensive infections of the humerus]. PMID- 6961118 TI - [Fatal 2d case of chickenpox. Further complication of varicella-zoster virus infection during anti-leukemia therapy]. PMID- 6961120 TI - The accelerated professional training program: rationale and observations on alterations in the preclinical experiences. PMID- 6961119 TI - Non-ossifying fibroma of the mandible: report of a case. PMID- 6961121 TI - Biosocial aspects of sport. Proceedings of a Galton Foundation conference. London, 26-28th March 1980. PMID- 6961122 TI - The biological basis of aptitude: the endurance runner. PMID- 6961123 TI - Sex differences in athletic potential. PMID- 6961124 TI - Selection and training as they affect factors of performance. PMID- 6961125 TI - Injuries and physical stress. PMID- 6961126 TI - Use and abuse of drugs in sport. PMID- 6961127 TI - Citius, altius, fortius? PMID- 6961128 TI - Whither sport--the next decade. PMID- 6961129 TI - The role of the media in sport. PMID- 6961131 TI - Social bonding and violence in sport. PMID- 6961130 TI - Women and sport--social aspects. PMID- 6961132 TI - Sport and personality. PMID- 6961133 TI - Sport and physical health. PMID- 6961134 TI - Sport and mental health. PMID- 6961135 TI - Fluoridation and dental practice. PMID- 6961136 TI - Fluoride concentration in Amman. PMID- 6961137 TI - Squamous odontogenic tumor. Report of a case with multiple lesions. PMID- 6961138 TI - Movement disorders in children: Tourette syndrome. AB - Movement disorders in childhood are rare, but their occurrence is dramatic and frightening. Differential diagnosis depends primarily on a detailed evaluation of the history and an analysis of the characteristics of the movements. Tics are the most common movement disorder in childhood, ranging in severity for simple transient tics to the complex Tourette syndrome, which may be associated with many bizarre behaviors. Minimal defining characteristics of Tourette syndrome are the presence of multiple motor and vocal tics. Associated features may include echolalia, coprolalia, complex stereotyped movements, and compulsive behavior. There is a prominent familial occurrence of Tourette syndrome. Stimulant drugs may cause exacerbation of symptoms. The only consistency useful medication is haloperidol, but its use is associated with side effects in approximately 50% of the patients treated. PMID- 6961139 TI - Chloral hydrate as a sedative in dentistry. PMID- 6961140 TI - Survey of dentists' newsletters. PMID- 6961141 TI - The physiologic nature of caries susceptibility. Part I. PMID- 6961142 TI - Reduction of fear during dental treatment through reattribution techniques. PMID- 6961144 TI - Periodontic-orthodontic interrelationships: a case study. PMID- 6961143 TI - Caries-preventive effects of daily and weekly fluoride mouthrinsing in a fluoridated community: final results after 30 months. PMID- 6961145 TI - Juvenile periodontitis: report of cases. PMID- 6961146 TI - A simple technique for the treatment of ectopically erupting permanent first molars. PMID- 6961148 TI - Continuing education course listing for January through June 1983. Division of Continuing Education, Council on Dental Education. PMID- 6961147 TI - Firm, purplish-red nodular mass in the hard palate. PMID- 6961149 TI - High copper-content amalgam alloys. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 6961150 TI - Status report on precious metal scrap. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 6961151 TI - No pain. PMID- 6961152 TI - Restoring the facially disfigured: dentistry makes the difference. PMID- 6961153 TI - Sexual phenomena hypnosis and nitrous oxide sedation. PMID- 6961154 TI - [Syndrome of acute choriocapillaris ischemia in leukemia. Thoughts apropos of a case]. AB - Choriocapillaris occlusion is rare in leukemia. After Zimmerman in 1964 our case is the tenth published. A 20-year-old maghrebin male with documented acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse from two years was evaluated for sudden loss of vision Examination of the both fundus revealed a serous central retinal detachment. Our material consists in four fluorescein angiographies realized at 72 hours, 8th, 25th and 65th days. Initial aspect was numerous hyperfluorescent spots at the level of the pigment epithelium and following a bleb of serous detachment fullfiled of dye. The deep leakages were blown out after a week, when patient received anti-neoplasic drugs and corticoids. On the 25th Elschnig's spots appeared but a recurrence happened after two months. Unfortunately the eyes were not documented. Choroid is the most frequent ocular structure infiltrated in leukemia. On the other hand parallel may be done with Stern and Ernest experimentation (microspheres occlusion). Thus we considered that occurs infraction of choriocapillaris units by lymphoblasts or coagulopathy. Succed focal acute changes in Bruch's membrane and pigment epithelium. PMID- 6961156 TI - Case of the month. Erosive lichen planus with candidiasis. PMID- 6961155 TI - 6PGD in the housefly. Mapping of the Pgd locus in linkage group III of Musca domestica. AB - The Pgd locus, which codes the enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), has been located in linkage group III of Musca domestica L. near the morphological marker green eye (ge) at a distance of less than one recombination unit. Linkage relationships also were determined for Pgd and other markers of linkage group III. Loose linkages were recorded between the locus Pgd and the DDT resistant factor kdr. A linkage map of autosome 3 is given, showing the best characterized loci and the most accurate recombination frequencies. PMID- 6961157 TI - Interpret your x-rays. A lesion adherent to the root apex. PMID- 6961158 TI - Incidence of impacted third molars. PMID- 6961159 TI - Ameloblastic fibroma or ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. A case report. PMID- 6961160 TI - Non-surgical management of periapical cysts with calcium hydroxide. PMID- 6961161 TI - Location and relationship of apical foramen with apex of tooth--permanent maxillary central incisor. PMID- 6961162 TI - Interpret your x-ray. Cysts. PMID- 6961163 TI - Clinico-bacteriological assessment of different antimicrobial agents in sterilization of root canal. PMID- 6961164 TI - An instrument to determine ridge relationship of edentulous articulated casts in vertical and horizontal plane. PMID- 6961165 TI - Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (a case report). PMID- 6961166 TI - Management of labially impacted maxillary central incisor. PMID- 6961167 TI - Acute idiopathic internal resorption in multiple teeth. PMID- 6961168 TI - Management of bilateral palatally impacted canines (a case report). PMID- 6961169 TI - Bony defects of alveolus--a study on dry human skulls. PMID- 6961170 TI - Inlay proficiency testing - a comparison of performance in school applied and state board tests. PMID- 6961171 TI - Indiana dentists' comments on cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 6961172 TI - Effect of trituration on the weight of reusable amalgamator capsules. PMID- 6961173 TI - Maxillo-orthopedics--adjunct feeding appliance. PMID- 6961175 TI - Restorative status: a comparison between 12 year old boys and girls in a non fluoridated area. PMID- 6961174 TI - Oral rehabilitation of a case of fibrosarcoma. PMID- 6961176 TI - Dental manpower in Michigan 1980-2000. PMID- 6961177 TI - Monitored and modulated therapy--the Keyes technique. PMID- 6961178 TI - The interposition of Lyodura in operations for ankylosis of the temporo mandibular joint. An experimental study using pigs. AB - Experimental investigations using domestic pigs were carried out in order to study the subject of resorption of lyophilized Dura (Lyodura) interposed in the region of the temporo-mandibular joint after operations for ankylosis. The condyle of the mandible was partially resected on one or both sides, the joint capsule and disc excised and the mandibular fossa stripped of cartilage. Lyodura was interposed between the surfaces of the bones and intravital sequential labelling of the bones was carried out using fluorochromes. The animals were sacrificed after 18, 36, 50 and 120-130 days and the joint region excised. Undecalcified microtome (5-8 mu) and ground sections were prepared and contact microradiographs made. It was found that the Lyodura remained in place in spite of the mechanical loading until it was assimilated by a foreign body reaction and replaced by largely collagenous, endogenous connective tissue. Spaces similar to the joint cavity and lined with pseudosynovia were found after 120-130 days. PMID- 6961179 TI - The external ear, mandible and other components of hemifacial microsomia. AB - This report is based on an analysis of 100 patients with the unilateral form of HFM, in which the patients presented no other known craniofacial or extracranial malformations. The analysis was based on a three level gradation of severity of the external ear and the mandible, resulting in nine different combinations. This analysis of selected components of the syndrome clearly illustrates the phenotypic heterogeneity within the sample. It also follows that treatment should be guided by the number and severity of the affected components. PMID- 6961180 TI - Maxillo-facial deformities in patients with dystrophia myotonica and the anaesthetic implications. PMID- 6961181 TI - Oral leiomyomas. PMID- 6961182 TI - Intraoral benign mesenchymoma. PMID- 6961183 TI - A review of Burkitt's lymphoma. Importance of radiographic diagnosis. AB - Burkitt's lymphoma is a malignant proliferation of undifferentiated B lymphocytes that most often affects children. In endemic areas of Africa, the jaws are the sites most frequently involved. In non-endemic areas of North America, the jaws are involved in only 15-18 per cent of the cases. The oral and maxillofacial surgeon can play an important role in the early diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma by recognizing the clinical signs of multiple loose teeth and jaw tenderness coupled with the radiographic signs of generalized destruction of tooth crypts and diffuse disruption of jaw trabeculation. Successful treatment results from a combination of early diagnosis and controlled chemotherapy. PMID- 6961184 TI - The naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Clinical, biochemical and radiological aspects. AB - Eight living patients with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBS) underwent a clinical and radiological examination, and data on a deceased patient was included. Cerebral CT-scannings were performed on eight patients, and calcification in the falx and tentorium cerebelli was found in all patients but one. Congenital hydrocephalus or agenesis of the corpus callosum could not be demonstrated. Laboratory results, including serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and calcium, were normal in all patients but two. It is postulated that elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in patients with NBS is correlated to the presence of growing odontogenic keratocysts. PMID- 6961185 TI - Condylar metastasis from bronchial carcinoma. Case report. PMID- 6961186 TI - Metastatic tumours of the mouth and jaws. A review of the Japanese literature. AB - A review of the Japanese literature revealed 41 well-documented metastatic tumours of the mouth and jaws. The incidence was 1.5 times higher in females than in males and 76% were in the fourth to seventh decades with a mean of 44 years. Instead of the breast which is the most frequently encountered site of origin of metastatic tumours in Caucasians, the uterus followed by the lung, kidney and stomach was the site of primary carcinoma with the highest incidence. Histologically, carcinomas of glandular origin showed the highest rate of metastasis which was followed by choriocarcinomas. Squamous cell carcinoma and sarcoma were unusual. Metastasis occurred in the gingiva in 23 cases and bony involvement was noted in 16 cases. The most common symptoms were swelling, pain, bleeding, paraesthesia and loosening of teeth. The radiographic appearance was quite variable with no specific diagnostic characteristics. The oral lesions were treated by surgery, irradiation or chemotherapy in 32 cases, while no treatment was carried out in seven cases. Prognosis was very poor with 33 fatal cases due to multiple metastases. PMID- 6961187 TI - Growth of the dental arches after ablation of the mid-palatal suture. A study in the domestic cat. AB - The present investigation comprises a group of 18 domestic cats with surgically created, and finally histologically verified, submucous mid-palatal clefts. In addition 18 unoperated control animals were examined, along with 12 sham-operated cats, the latter serving as controls on the effect of the surgical soft tissue trauma applied. Measurements were made in regard to width and length of the dental arches, starting at the age of 2 1/2 months, ending at 12 2/3 months, i.e. throughout both the deciduous and the permanent dentition. Data of existing dimensions and growth were obtained. The statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in final transverse dimensions in the posterior regions of both the upper and the lower dental arches in the deciduous and permanent dentition, in animals where the mid-palatal suture was missing. The soft tissue trauma did not seem to interfere significantly with normal growth. PMID- 6961188 TI - In vitro differentiation of human monocytes. Differences in monocyte phenotypes induced by cultivation on glass or on collagen. AB - We demonstrated that the in vitro differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes to macrophages is dependent on the environment and conditions of monocyte culture. Cultivation of monocytes on glass or microexudate-coated glass gave rise to cells resembling foreign body granuloma macrophages. After an initial rise in Fc receptor- and C3 receptor-mediated phagocytosis, a progressive loss of Fc receptor expression and C3-mediated ingestion were observed. The monocyte surface antigens recognized by the anti-human monocyte monoclonal antibodies 1D5 and 63D3 were lost from the surface of the majority of cells cultured on glass and microexudates. A subpopulation of Fc receptor-positive cells that were 1D5 and 63D3 positive was retained in fully differentiated cell populations. In comparison, monocytes cultivated on collagen matrices gave rise to highly phagocytic cells resembling human resident tissue macrophages. Both Fc- and C3-mediated phagocytosis were enhanced and remained so during the entire length of culture. The surface antigens recognized by the 1D5 antibody, expressed on all freshly seeded monocytes, was maintained on the macrophages. The antigen recognized by the 63D3 antibody was not expressed on mature cells. The present evidence would indicate that variations in expression of phagocytic receptors and the surface antigens 1D5 and 63D3 can be ascribed to the stage of development of the macrophage or its stage of activation, rather than to independent subsets of mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 6961189 TI - Oocyte maturation in the amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus): in vitro effects of salmon gonadotropin, steroids, and cyanoketone (an inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxy delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase). AB - The effect of partially purified chinook salmon gonadotropin (SG-G100) and a number of steroids on the induction of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus) oocytes (with intact follicle layers) was investigated in vitro. SG-G100 was effective only at the highest concentration tested (1 microgram/ml). 17 alpha,20 beta-Dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20 beta-diOHprog) was the most potent maturation-inducing steroid tested, followed by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Testosterone or deoxycorticosterone (DOC) enhanced the rate of GVBD in response to SG-G100. DOC also enhanced the response to 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHprog but testosterone was without effect, suggesting that DOC has a direct action on the oocyte while testosterone probably acts at the level of the follicle. Estradiol-17 beta had no effect on GVBD in response to SG G100 or 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHprog. The action of SG-G100 was shown to be dependent on the synthesis of a second delta 4 steroidal mediator of maturation since cyanoketone, a specific inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase, completely abolished the maturational effects of the gonadotropin and pregnenolone but not delta 4 steroids. Radioimmunoassay of media in which oocytes were induced to mature in vitro with SG-G100 revealed significantly elevated levels of progesterone and 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHprog. Estradiol-17 beta levels, high in control media, were only elevated twofold by SG-G100. Levels of the two progestogens were extremely low or nondetectable in media in which oocytes were incubated with cyanoketone, while estradiol-17 beta levels remained high. These results are discussed in relation to other evidence indicating that 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHprog is the naturally occurring maturation-inducing steroid of amago salmon. The role of other steroid hormones, particularly the possible involvement of corticosteroids, in the control of final oocyte maturation in teleosts is explored. PMID- 6961190 TI - Effect of antimetabolites on programming of inner cells of the mouse blastocyst. AB - When early blastocysts are subjected to immunosurgery, the resulting inner cell masses (ICMs) regenerate trophoblast cells. In contrast, ICMs from later blastocysts produce endoderm cells. We have found that if embryos are treated with cycloheximide during the transition from the early to late blastocyst stages, subsequently isolated ICMs give rise to trophoblast-like giant cells. These cells do not, however, exhibit detectable levels of delta 5, 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, an enzyme normally found in primary trophoblast cells. Neither Colcemid nor alpha-amanitin affects the conversion of the ICM program in the same way as cycloheximide, although alpha-amanitin added at later stages interferes with the formation of a cohesive endoderm layer around the isolated ICM. We propose that the reprogramming of ICM cells involves at least two events: one terminates the giant cell program and the other, occurring later in development, promotes endoderm formation. PMID- 6961191 TI - A demographic study of University of Nebraska Medical Center dental hygiene graduates licensed in Nebraska. PMID- 6961192 TI - Future trends in dentistry. PMID- 6961193 TI - Dentistry--a changing profession. PMID- 6961194 TI - Effects of headgear traction on the facial skeleton of the monkey: a study with strain gauges. PMID- 6961195 TI - Technique for collection of saliva from the three major salivary glands of individual rats. PMID- 6961196 TI - Interstitial tissue in cellular cementum of molar tooth in rat. PMID- 6961197 TI - Effect of diet form on changes of histamine content and mast cell in gingival tissue of ODU rats. PMID- 6961198 TI - Studies on the effects of prostaglandins and bradykinin on salivary flow, blood flow and cyclic nucleotide contents in the submaxillary gland of cat. PMID- 6961199 TI - Studies on the modulation of cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins in the experimental periodontal disease of dogs. PMID- 6961200 TI - Permeability increase of glucose in rat submandibular glands due to mechanical and osmotic stress elicited by retrograde injections into the ducts. PMID- 6961201 TI - Effects of female sex hormones on the gingiva in the rat. Electron microscopic study. PMID- 6961202 TI - The peripheral ameloblastoma of the gingiva. Case report and literature review. AB - A new case of the rare peripheral ameloblastoma of the gingiva is presented. Also the clinical and histomorphologic characteristics of the lesion were analyzed and studied in all previously documented cases. This tumor, and the basal cell carcinoma of the gingiva, probably represent the same lesion. It meets the same microscopic criteria as the intraosseous ameloblastoma, but its behavioral and clinical characteristics are completely different. The peripheral ameloblastoma usually occurs in the gingiva, is noninvasive, and local excision is usually curative. Recurrence of the neoplasm is uncommon, except when it is incompletely excised. The histogenesis and varied cellular pattern of the peripheral ameloblastoma and several other related odontogenic lesions of the gingiva illustrate the proliferative and differentiation potential of the basal cell layer of gingival epithelium. PMID- 6961203 TI - Blastogenic responses by lymphocytes from periodontally healthy populations induced by periodontitis-associated bacteria. AB - Studies of blastogenic responsiveness induced in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from periodontally healthy subjects by periodontal bacteria have conflicted. This study was undertaken to examine the blastogenic response of periodontally healthy subjects under experimental conditions which provide improved control of laboratory variables. By using cryopreserved PBL the responses of all subjects in an experiment were determined on the same day under identical conditions. The periodontally healthy populations consisted of subjects of the same age range and sex matched to three distinct groups of periodontally diseased subjects (i.e., juvenile (JP), severe (SP), and moderate (MP) periodontitis). The bacterial stimulants tested were chosen on the basis of known association with and isolation from persons fitting the disease classifications. If PBL response differences between periodontally healthy and diseased subjects exist they should be most obvious in response to predominant organisms associated with the disease states. PBL cultures were harvested after a 4 hour pulse with 3H thymidine on days 4 and 6 of culture. Three separate experiments were conducted comparing one healthy group and one diseased group. In all three experiments subjects in the healthy group responded as frequently as did those in the diseased group, the dose-response distribution was indistinguishable, and the magnitude of the responses was not substantially different between groups. These results suggest nonspecific activation as the major determinant in the blastogenic response, rather than specific sensitization occurring during initiation or progression of periodontitis. PMID- 6961204 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of leukocytes and their interaction with bacteria in human periodontitis. AB - Shape, size, topographical relationships, surface morphology, phagocytosis and locomotion were used to identify and study leukocytes in human cases of periodontitis. These cells were described in the following locations: in peripheral blood vessels adjacent to the pocket epithelium; gingival connective tissue; basement lamina; sectioned pocket epithelium; surface of pocket epithelium; junctional epithelium; and cementum surface. The interaction of leukocytes and bacteria was documented in the phases of recognition, attachment and engulfment of bacteria. Morphologic data suggesting the process of degranulation was also presented. PMID- 6961205 TI - Denture plaque: quiet destroyer. PMID- 6961206 TI - The beneficial effects of tissue massage for the edentulous patient. PMID- 6961207 TI - A restorative resin foundation material. PMID- 6961208 TI - Custom ocular prosthetics. AB - The rehabilitation of a patient who has suffered the psychologic trauma of an ocular loss requires a prosthesis that will provide the optimum cosmetic and functional result. Refinement in the details of custom ocular construction has produced a superior restoration delivered more readily. PMID- 6961210 TI - A study of the use of occlusion splints in the treatment of acute and chronic patients with craniomandibular disorders. AB - Thirty-three patients were treated for a 4-week period with splint therapy. Fourteen muscle and joint regions were palpated before and after treatment, and observable pain scores were recorded. Maximal comfortable interincisal distance and maximal interincisal distance were recorded before and after treatment. The following results were observed. 1. Of the 33 patients, 28 showed improvement in observable pain scores. The mean decrease was 4.4 (p less than .01). 2. Of the 33 patients, 27 showed increase in maximal comfortable interincisal distance. The mean increase in interincisal distance was 5.3 mm (p less than .01). 3. Of the 33 patients, 21 showed an increase in maximal mandibular opening; however, the increase of 1.7 mm was not statistically significant. 4. When the patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of symptoms, there was no significant difference between the groups' symptoms or their responses to treatment. PMID- 6961209 TI - Etiology and dental treatment of severe involuntary orofacial-cervical movement disorders. AB - A number of electromyographic studies have demonstrated evidence of the effects of dental sensation on stomatognathic muscle function. Dental occlusal imbalances have been shown to affect markedly altered EMG patterns: asynchronism, hyperactivity, and loss of bilateral balance have been noted. In most patients, distorted dental occlusions affect muscle function so that the changes remain observable only on EMG recordings. In some patients, however, the asynchronism, hyperactivity, and loss of bilateral balance may become distressing to the patient and clinically observable. Dental occlusal therapy in two patients reduced involuntary dyskinetic movements involving the face, mouth, and neck. Sustained improvement has been noted for over 8 years. PMID- 6961211 TI - Hinge axis translation from retruded contact position to intercuspal position in dentulous subjects in treatment. PMID- 6961212 TI - Group function or canine protection. PMID- 6961213 TI - The geometry of the arbitrary hinge axis as it relates to the occlusion. PMID- 6961214 TI - Acute transformation of a myeloproliferative state in sideroblastic anaemia with abnormal karyotype. PMID- 6961215 TI - Performance of high-pressure medical gas-mixers. PMID- 6961216 TI - Benefits and risks of dental radiography: putting them into perspective. PMID- 6961217 TI - Coronary arteriography for the diagnosis and treatment of disease of the coronary circulation. PMID- 6961219 TI - Twelve golden rules for parents regarding sex education. PMID- 6961218 TI - Intrapulmonary neurilemmoma: a rare neurogenic tumor. PMID- 6961220 TI - Prescription drugs, expert witnesses, and medical licenses. PMID- 6961221 TI - DRG system of hospital reimbursement: an unproved theory. PMID- 6961222 TI - The impaired physicians program. PMID- 6961223 TI - Clinical observations with intravenous prostaglandin E1 in peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6961224 TI - A health knowledge questionnaire survey for senior citizens. PMID- 6961225 TI - Clinical camera. PMID- 6961226 TI - Insurance companies surveyed: response shows wide variation in UCR fees. PMID- 6961227 TI - Oral cancer--life or death. PMID- 6961228 TI - Clinicopathologic correlations of oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinomas. PMID- 6961229 TI - Ameloblastoma: radioresistant or radiosensitive. PMID- 6961230 TI - Subperiosteal and mandibular bone plate implants: a comparison and presentation of criteria as used. PMID- 6961231 TI - An alternative implant site for single tooth replacement models. PMID- 6961232 TI - Simulated eruption (exposure) of the endosseous dental implant. PMID- 6961233 TI - The etiology of gingival erosion. PMID- 6961234 TI - Medical evaluation of the implant candidate. Part II: Complete blood count and bleeding disorders. PMID- 6961235 TI - A new immediate hard tissue replacement (HTR)TM for bone in the oral cavity. PMID- 6961236 TI - Cancer of the larynx--the Toronto experience. PMID- 6961237 TI - Lack of effect of multiple oral doses of meclofenamic acid on parturition in goats. AB - Daily oral doses of 500 mg meclofenamic acid, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, had no observable effects on parturition in goats. These findings are contrary to previous studies in the goat and other animals, but may be a result of the route of meclofenamate administration. PMID- 6961239 TI - [Preliminary and clinical investigations of cefmetazole in the obstetric and gynecological field]. AB - 1. The serum concentration of cefmetazole (CMZ) was 56.8 +/- 13.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after one-shot intravenous injection of 2 g. Half-life was 1.1 hours, indicating that the drug is adsorbed rapidly. In addition, CMZ was detected at high concentrations in the endometrium, myometrium, ovary, uterine tube and cervix uteri. The concentration was especially high in the uterine tube and ovary. It was also demonstrated in the fetus and fetal membrane, though at low concentration. 2. Clinically one-shot intravenous injection of 1 to 2 g of CMZ were given 2 times daily to 15 patients with intrauterine infection, adnexitis, intrapelvic infection or postoperative wound infection. The drug was evaluated to be effective in 15 or 80% of them. No special side effects were found. PMID- 6961238 TI - [Annual changes of sensitivities of Staphylococcus aureus to several antibiotics]. AB - The antibacterial activities of Staph. aureus isolated in 1980 and 1981 at all districts in Japan to ABPC, CEZ, CMZ and GM were tested. Numbers of test strains were 587 strains in 1980 and 700 strains in 1981, respectively. The frequencies of ABPC and CEZ resistant strains of Staph. aureus (MIC: greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml) were clearly increased in annual variation. The percentage of CEZ resistant strains in 1981 tested by 10(8) CFU/ml inoculum size was 12.3%, but the same of CMZ was only 0.6%. PMID- 6961240 TI - [Experimental studies of cefmetazole in the field of dermatology]. AB - Cefmetazole was studied experimentally in the field of dermatology. The following results were obtained. 1. The in vitro antibacterial activities of cefmetazole against S. aureus and S. epidermidis were studied. Most strains of both staphylococci were inhibited by 1.56 micrograms/ml or less of cefmetazole. 2. Serum and skin concentrations of cefmetazole in rats were studied after intramuscular administration of 20 mg/kg of cefmetazole. Mean serum concentrations were 40.3, 21.5, 7.1, 0.56 micrograms/ml respectively at 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 hours, and the corresponding skin concentrations were 12.5, 6.1, 0.62, 0.61 micrograms/g (n = 4). PMID- 6961241 TI - [Experience with cefmetazole in the urological fields]. AB - Recently, a new antibiotic of cephamycins, cefmetazole (CMZ) has been developed. In our clinic, CMZ was used to examine its clinical effect and adverse reactions, and the results were herein reported. The CMZ was administered to 8 patients for the prevention of postoperative infections, 7 with genitourinary infections and 1 with maxillitis complicated with uremia. For these patients, a daily dose of 1 to 6 g of CMZ was intravenously given for a period of 4 to 12 days. Among the 8 patients who received CMZ for the prevention of postoperative infections, there were 1 case with urinary tract infection, 1 with wound infection and 2 with fever of over 38 degrees C, but they had no serious infections. In the clinical observations on 3 cases with pyelonephritis, the CMZ showed marked effectiveness in 2 cases and effectiveness in 1 case. It must be noted that CMZ was proved to be markedly effective for pyelonephritis caused by Serratia marcescens. In the cases with acute epididymitis and prostatitis, a good effect of CMZ was obtained. Similarly in the case with maxillitis complicated with uremia, the maxillitis was improved by the effect of CMZ and hemodialysis. No cases with hepatic or renal dysfunction were observed after using CMZ. It is concluded that satisfactory effect of CMZ was obtained clinically. PMID- 6961243 TI - [Acute lymphocytic leukemia--immunological classification and prognosis]. PMID- 6961244 TI - [An autopsy case of acute monocytic leukemia presented as interstitial pneumonitis]. PMID- 6961242 TI - [Treatment of 30 adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6961245 TI - [Leukapheresis in chronic myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6961246 TI - [Therapeutic cytapheresis in hairy cell leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6961247 TI - [RI scintigraphy in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 6961248 TI - [Doughnut-like accumulation of 67Ga-citrate in the tumor shadow of the right lower lung field]. PMID- 6961249 TI - [Accumulation of Ga-67 citrate in the metastatic foci of the liver in melanoma]. PMID- 6961250 TI - [Value of gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy in the diagnosis of inflammatory loci]. PMID- 6961251 TI - Urology symposium. PMID- 6961252 TI - Stress urinary incontinence: current concepts of diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6961253 TI - Urolithiasis: evaluation and management. PMID- 6961254 TI - Male sexual dysfunction. PMID- 6961255 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate: personal experience 1970-1981. PMID- 6961256 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate: overview of natural history, staging and treatment. PMID- 6961257 TI - Current practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. PMID- 6961258 TI - Clean intermittent catheterization--an update. PMID- 6961259 TI - Private practice associateship program: preventing still more cold dental chairs. PMID- 6961260 TI - Preliminary quantization of salivary nickel leakage from non-precious alloys. PMID- 6961261 TI - License revocation for unprofessional conduct. PMID- 6961263 TI - Touch your patient with love. PMID- 6961262 TI - Health and dental status of an older population. PMID- 6961264 TI - Guidelines for evaluating dentists and the care they give. PMID- 6961265 TI - A ? developmental characteristic of the ultrastructure of childhood leukaemic lymphoblasts. AB - Areas of chromatin demarcated from the rest of the nucleus ("separations") were found frequently in acute lymphoblastic leukaemias of childhood, in some patients in apparently all leukaemic cells, but rarely in non-lymphocytic leukaemias. In normal lymphocytes, separations were most common in fetal thymus, and less frequent in fetal lymph node and bone marrow, and child thymus, lymph node and marrow. Separations may be a developmental marker, and fetal lymphoid tissues, especially thymus, may have significance in the origin of lymphoblastic leukaemias of childhood. Nuclear loops enclosing cytoplasmic material were associated with, and may have similar significance to, separations. PMID- 6961266 TI - Inhibition of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells by heat-stable calf serum components of very high molecular weight. AB - Mouse myeloid leukemia cells (Ml) were induced to differentiate into macrophages and granulocytes by various inducers including glucocorticoid. The tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibited the induction of differentiation of Ml cells in medium containing calf serum, but enhanced the induction in medium containing fetal calf serum and several inducers. For elucidation of the factor(s) in serum affecting the response of Ml cells to tumour promoters, calf serum was fractionated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Differentiation of Ml cells induced by dexamethasone was markedly inhibited by TPA and high mol. wt fractions of calf serum eluted in the void volume and low mol. wt fractions that co-migrated with bovine serum albumin. High mol. wt fractions alone inhibited the differentiation of Ml cells induced by dexamethasone, and also acted additively with TPA in inhibiting the differentiation. The inhibition by high mol. wt fractions was not related to cytotoxicity and was reversible. The differentiation of Ml cells induced by proteinous inducer or lipopolysaccharide was also inhibited by high mol. wt fractions. The inhibitory factor was heat stable (70 degrees C for 20 min or 90 degrees C for 10 min). These results suggest that the tumour promoter and calf serum components cooperate in inhibiting differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells induced by various inducers. PMID- 6961267 TI - Spontaneous regression of Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia IX. Role of complement in leukemia regression. AB - The role of complement was examined in the immunologically-mediated spontaneous regression of erythroleukemia induced by the RFV strain of the Friend virus complex. Hemolytic complement levels were not significantly altered during the leukemic, regressed and recurrent phases of the disease. No correlation was observed between leukemia regression and complement levels in normal, C5 deficient and hybrid mice. No correlation was observed between serum complement activity and leukemia recurrence or mortality due to leukemia. The data suggest that hemolytic complement, and thus those immune effector functions specifically dependent on full complement activity, are not involved in leukemia regression and do not influence the course of the disease. PMID- 6961268 TI - Establishment, characterization and differentiation induction of a new human diploid myelomonocytic cell line (HL-92) derived from a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - With very few exceptions, it has not been possible to grow human myeloid cells for long periods in culture. We have recently developed techniques enabling the long-term in vitro propagation of normal immature myeloid cells from fresh foetal cord blood and monocytes from normal adult peripheral blood, and have utilized these procedures to initiate cultures of fresh peripheral blood leukocytes from leukemic donors. In four of 26 leukemic samples tested, leukocyte replication beyond that obtained in control cultures was observed, and in one of these HL-92, derived from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia, the culture has continued to replicate slowly for over 2 years under the special growth conditions. Morphological, cytochemical, immunological and functional studies show that the culture consists predominantly of immature myeloid cells (myeloblasts through to myelocytes) but also contains some mature neutrophils and monocytes. At least a portion of HL-92 cells express Fc and complement receptors, contain histacompatibility locus antigens, including HLA DR, and release GM-CSA, low levels of PGE and lysozyme. HL-92 cells can be induced with DMSO or RA to differentiate into mature neutrophils (an increase from 20 to 70% of the cell population) as determined by morphology, by an increase in phagocytic cells, and superoxide anion production. Fresh leukocytes from the patient's bone marrow appeared to have a diploid karyotype. However a consistent chromosomal abnormality observed in HL-92 was a deletion in the long arm of chromosome 11 [del(11)(q23)]. This is consistent with recent observations in monocytic leukemia. Since the few other established human myeloid cell lines have various chromosomal abnormalities, and some respond to differentiation inducers, while others do not, there appears to be no detectable common chromosome change required either for in vitro growth of myeloid cells or their response to inducers of differentiation. These cell lines and the application of the techniques described here for the growth of myeloid cells from other leukemic or normal sources should be helpful in the study of normal and leukemic myeloid cell growth and differentiation. PMID- 6961269 TI - Anatomical distribution of call antigen expressing cells in normal lymphatic tissue and in lymphomas. AB - Anatomical distribution of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) was studied in lymphomas as well as in normal lymphatic organs using the monoclonal antibody VIL-A1. Twelve lymphomas were labelled by VIL-A1. Three of the 12 tumours also had T-cell marker, six lymphomas also showed immunoglobulin staining and only three tumours were pure CALLA lymphomas. Tonsils showed a distinct CALLA labelling of many germinal centre cells and of singular cells in interfollicular T-cell regions. Children's thymuses showed rare distinctly labelled cells in the cortex and medulla and slightly more cortical cells stained faintly by VIL-A1. Foetal thymuses of about the twelfth week of gestation contained many heavily labelled cells. The findings are discussed as evidence for the presence of CALLA on immature B as well as T lymphocytes. They favour the idea of CALLA as a common lymphocyte differentiation antigen although other possibilities of interpretation are also discussed. PMID- 6961270 TI - Bone marrow and extramedullary variations of cell membrane antigen expression in childhood lymphoid neoplasias at relapse. AB - To increase our knowledge of the pathogenesis of tumour recurrence, cell membrane phenotypes were determined on bone marrow and extramedullary tumour cells at diagnosis and at relapse in 24 children with lymphoid malignancies. There were 19 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and five with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Membrane characteristics used for classification were E-rosetting, T antigen, surface immunoglobulin (sIg) and Ia antigen. Twelve patients were phenotyped as non-T, non-B, five as T-like and seven as B-like leukemia/lymphoma. Eighty-eight tissue samples were assayed for cell surface markers at the time of relapse(s). Lymphoblasts from 18 children (75%) demonstrated no variation in membrane marker expression. Six patients (25%) showed alteration of antigen expression on lymphoblasts obtained during relapses. This was manifested by loss of Ia antigen in two patients, loss of E-rosetting in one patient and loss of sIgD in one patient. Lymphoblasts from two patients, initially non-reactive with the four membrane markers utilized, expressed Ia antigen on subsequent relapses. Despite these variations no patient was categorized differently (i.e. T-like becoming non T, non-B). Simultaneous lymphoblast phenotype determination from multiple body sites in 13 children showed no variation in marker analysis. A lymphoblast's phenotype remains stable throughout repeated relapses and is not influenced by relapse site in most children with lymphoid neoplasias. This information may be helpful in designing protocols where cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies are used as a treatment modality in patients with recurrent disease. PMID- 6961271 TI - Modulation of the maturation of human leukemic promyelocytes (HL-60) to granulocytes or macrophages. AB - The relationship between the effects of two types of inducers on the maturation of a line of human promyelocytic cells (HL-60) was studied. The dual potentiality of these promyelocytes was demonstrated by the ability of isolated colonies to differentiate into granulocytes, following induction by dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) or express properties specific to macrophages following exposure to 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The differentiation process involved an irreversible step which occurred 48 h after exposure to DMSO, and a few h after exposure to TPA. This implies that the presence of the inducer in the culture medium is no more required for completion of the differentiation programme. Removal of the inducer prior to this step resulted in reversal of all the inducer mediated effects. During the period of non-commitment the specific pathway of maturation was still undetermined; cells in which differentiation was initiated by exposure to DMSO were able to develop into macrophages after substitution of DMSO by TPA. Moreover, pre-exposure to DMSO and other inducers of granulocyte differentiation resulted in higher sensitivity to TPA, as indicated by the cell response to low TPA concentrations and more rapid expression of macrophage specific properties. These results suggest that the early stages in HL-60 differentiation are probably common to the granulocyte and the macrophage pathways. PMID- 6961272 TI - Blast crisis associated with granulocytic leukemia in strain 13 guinea pigs. AB - A transplantable granulocytic leukemia (GL-13) in inbred strain 13 guinea pigs had been shown previously to have many characteristics in common with human CML except that a blast crisis did not occur in the terminal stage of the disease. We report here that, after the 25th transplant generation, leukemic guinea pigs began to develop a blast crisis similar to that seen in human CML. This feature of the disease is still present after 90 transplant generations. The transplantation conditions necessary to produce the leukemia (now referred to as GL-13-BC) with a predictable clinical and hematological course over a short interval are described. Thus, s.c. injection of 3.0 X 10(6) leukemic cells results in a slowly rising leukocyte count, due mainly to increasing numbers of myelocytes and mature granulocytes, at about 3 weeks after injection. At this early stage the spleen weights of the leukemic animals are about seven times greater than those of normal controls. Approximately 4-7 days later the leukocyte count rises sharply due to a blast crisis and the animals die shortly thereafter with a mean survival time of 30 (range 25-32) days. It is proposed that the GL-13 BC leukemia could serve as a useful model for investigating the problem of blast crisis associated with human CML. PMID- 6961274 TI - Acute promyelocytic leukemia with (15;17) translocation and chromosome no. 11 deletion (q23). AB - The patient, a 76-year-old man, was referred with fever, large ecchymotic lesions and ulcerative laryngitis. Blood counts showed a hemoglobin of 11 g/100 ml, hematocrit of 31%, red blood cell count of 3.5 X 10(12)/1, white blood cell count of 6.8 X 10(9)/1 and platelet count of 16.0 X 10(9)/1. The differential count showed 17% neutrophils, 4% lymphocytes, 40% promyelocytes and 39% myeloblasts. The sternal marrow sample showed a marked hypercellularity. Of the cells, 80-85% were hypergranular promyelocytes, some of them showing bundles of Auer rods. No granulocytic maturation was observed. A few erythroblasts were present. A disseminated intravascular coagulation was observed (fibrinogen 0.85 g/l, factor V 18%, fibrin degradation products 640 mg/l). The serum creatinin was at 217 micromol/1 and the urea at 16.8 mmol/1. The treatment (daunorubicin, heparin, platelet transfusion) was unsuccessful and the patient died three days after entering hospital. The bone marrow karyotype by direct examination showed only normal metaphases (32 photographed). All the metaphases from the unstimulated blood 48-h culture (25 photographed) were clonal, showing the pattern 47,XY,del(11) (q23),t(15;17) (q24? q22?), +mar. The marker was '16 like' in size but its origin could not be determined (Figs. 1 and 2). PMID- 6961273 TI - Multicentre study on intensified remission induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. AB - In a cooperative study at 13 centres in the Federal Republic of Germany, 213 adult patients with AML were treated for remission induction by a 9-day regimen consisting of cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin and thioguanine (TAD) according to previously described sequencing. Complete remission was achieved in 70% of all patients. Complete remission rate was 57% in the 49 patients 60 years of age and older and 74% in the 164 patients under 60 years. Sixty-eight per cent of all complete remissions and 75% of those in the higher age group were induced by one induction course. Median survival was 10 months for all patients treated and 16 months for responders. Median remission duration was 13 months with 72 patients still in continuous remission for 1-31 months. Remission duration was not significantly different for patients treated either by monthly maintenance therapy or induction type consolidation without further therapy. However, patients completing two consolidation courses had a significantly longer remission duration of 22 months. Compared to similar multicentre studies on AML therapy the intensified induction regimen applied in this study shows an improvement even in older patients. PMID- 6961275 TI - [Invasive aspergillosis--infectious complications in the granulocytopenic patient]. PMID- 6961276 TI - Ability of tryptophan derivatives to mimic melatonin's action upon the Syrian hamster reproductive system. AB - The ability of 18 different tryptophan derivatives to induce gonadal regression in Syrian hamsters when injected daily at either midday or late evening has been examined. The compounds chosen have either been identified within mammalian pineal glands or are thought to be possible metabolic derivatives of melatonin. Of the compounds tested, only melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine were found to possess antigonadotropic activity. 5-Methoxy-tryptamine's potency, however, was 1/10th that of melatonin and, like melatonin, 5-methoxytryptamine was effective when injected in the evening but not when injected during midday. In addition to the general survey of tryptophan derivatives for antigonadal capability when injected, 5-methoxytryptamine, melatonin, and 5-methoxytryptophol were compared relative to their abilities to prevent photo-induced gonadal regression when administered within beeswax implants. Again 5-methoxytryptamine and melatonin, but not 5-methoxytryptophol, were effective with 5-methoxytryptamine's potency being less than that of melatonin. These results indirectly support the contention that melatonin is the pineal product which mediates photoperiodic effects upon the Syrian hamster reproductive system. PMID- 6961277 TI - Development of the genetic map of the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. AB - Tetrad and random spore analyses have been used to further develop the genetic map of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. Mutations in 23 new nuclear genes have been isolated. Eight genes have been located on linkage fragment 1, 4 on fragment 2, 2 on fragment 5 and 3 on fragment 6. Linkage fragments 3 and 4 have been shown to be linked, and this fragment now contains 12 markers. A tentative map of the linkage fragments 1 and 3 is presented (Fig. 1). Markers exhibiting possible centromere linkage have been identified. Interference estimates suggest that there is little interference in S. lipolytica. PMID- 6961279 TI - Motility of leukemia cells prevents the recurrence of disease in the central nervous system. AB - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood is a curable disease. However, in some patients relapse occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). It is suggested that active motility of malignant lymphoblasts prevents CNS-relapse, because motile cells will be able to re-enter the bloodstream and so become subject to chemotherapy. Immotile lymphoblasts on the other hand, remain behind the blood brain barrier, escape chemotherapy and eventually give rise to CNS-relapse of leukemia. PMID- 6961278 TI - Repair rate in human fibroblasts measured by thymine dimer excorporation. AB - The UV photoproduct, thymine dimer (-TT), is excorporated with a remarkably low rate from the DNA of human fibroblasts grown in cell culture. An UV dose of 18 J/m2 creates 0.045% -TT (related to thymine). Within the first two days of repair logarithmically growing and quiescent fibroblasts exhibit the same repair rates; thereafter, the proportion of -TT/T is lower in growing cells due to recovery of DNA replication. Only about 50% of the lesions are excised within 24 h. In quiescent cells, 13% of the thymine dimers originally present can be detected as late as a week after UV-irradiation. Two distinct first-order rate constants indicate that approximately half of the dimers are less accessible to repair. Repair measured by the nucleoid decondensation technique corresponds to the faster repair rate, whereas the slow repair rate cannot be detected by this method. Saturation of repair is found beyond 27 J/m2. The remarkably slow rate of excision indicates that thymine dimers are not lethal lesions in human fibroblasts. PMID- 6961280 TI - Assessing the quality of dental care in your community. PMID- 6961281 TI - Acute care hospitals: their future and the physicians' role. PMID- 6961282 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases: treatment guidelines-Part I. PMID- 6961283 TI - Historic paint. PMID- 6961284 TI - [Gerodontology]. PMID- 6961285 TI - [Older people and society]. PMID- 6961286 TI - [Psychology, aging and old age]. PMID- 6961287 TI - [Changes in the shape of the jaw due to changes in function in edentulousness]. PMID- 6961288 TI - [The oral health of elderly persons]. PMID- 6961289 TI - [Dental caries in the elderly; histopathology and dynamics]. PMID- 6961290 TI - [The periodontium in elderly people]. PMID- 6961291 TI - [Diseases of the oral mucosa in elderly patients]. PMID- 6961292 TI - [Food and food-intake of the elderly]. PMID- 6961293 TI - Increased renal prostaglandins in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy with hypertension. AB - The 24-hour urinary excretion of prostaglandins (PGs) E2 and F2 alpha (which reflects the renal synthesis of these substances) was measured by radioimmunoassay in normal nonpregnant women (NW, n = 23), nonpregnant women suffering from essential hypertension (HW, n = 23), normal pregnant women (NP, n = 24) and women with hypertension in pregnancy (HP, n = 14). All pregnant women were in the third trimester of their pregnancy (week 24-40). The excretion of both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was increased in NP as compared to NW. PGF2 alpha was relatively more elevated, leading to a decreased PGE2/PGF2 alpha ratio. In HP, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha excretions were even greater, and the PGE2/PGF2 alpha ratio was even lower than in NP. This contrasted with the lowered PGE2 excretion in HW. The increased renal PGs synthesis in normal pregnancy could be related to the effects on the kidney of several hormonal changes peculiar to pregnancy. In addition, the lowered PGE2/PGF2 alpha ratio suggests the possibility of an increased activity of the PGE2-9-ketoreductase, which could be related to the changes in renal sodium handling observed in pregnancy. The pattern of PGE2 excretion in HP is opposite to that observed in HW (i.e. increase rather than decrease). However, both groups share the lowered PGE2/PGF2 alpha ratio with respect to the normotensive counterparts. The causes of altered PG synthesis in pregnant women with hypertension are presently unclear. PMID- 6961294 TI - [Cytological picture of the cerebrospinal fluid and the neuropathological changes in the central nervous system in acute leukemia in adults]. AB - Twenty-one patients with acute leukaemias were studied carrying out cytological investigations of the cerebrospinal fluid and then postmortem neuropathological examinations. The aim of the study was a comparison of these results. No correlation was demonstrated between CSF changes and the extent and location of leukaemic infiltrates in the meninges and the brain. In cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage the intensity of CSF changes was proportional to the extent of subarachnoid haemorrhage but was independent of its location. PMID- 6961296 TI - Stress by restraining elevates brain prostaglandins in the rat. PMID- 6961295 TI - [Food conduct disorders in depressed adolescents]. PMID- 6961297 TI - Carcinoma of colon. PMID- 6961298 TI - Typhoid fever. PMID- 6961299 TI - Retinopathy of prematurity. An update on retrolental fibroplasia. PMID- 6961300 TI - Hereditary white nails (leukonychia totalis), duodenal ulcer, and gallstones. Genetic implications of a syndrome. PMID- 6961301 TI - Ampicillin and cephalothin susceptibility of community-acquired Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6961302 TI - New frontiers in alloplastic genitourinary prostheses. II. The surgical management of erectile impotence. PMID- 6961303 TI - Cerebral metastases. From adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. PMID- 6961304 TI - Sexually transmitted disease morbidity in New York City. Analysis of trends 1980 1981. PMID- 6961305 TI - Left atrial ball-valve thrombus. PMID- 6961306 TI - Reflections--1963 to 1982. PMID- 6961307 TI - The family of the cancer patient. PMID- 6961308 TI - Electrocardiograms of the months. Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern with alternating conduction between the A-V node and the aberrant pathway (bundle of Kent). PMID- 6961309 TI - Radiologic problem of the month. Large left hilum. PMID- 6961310 TI - Pneumopericardium. Unusual complication following open heart surgery. PMID- 6961311 TI - Neck abscess causing Horner's syndrome: A rare manifestation. PMID- 6961312 TI - Listeria monocytogenes sepsis complicated by the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6961313 TI - Advertising and marketing. PMID- 6961314 TI - The dentist in a caries-free society. PMID- 6961315 TI - Address to open the Eleventh Biennial Conference of the New Zealand Dental Association, Rotorua, 18 July 1982, by the Minister of Health. PMID- 6961316 TI - The role of the Dental Health Foundation in the promotion of health for all. PMID- 6961317 TI - School dental service. PMID- 6961318 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity in fractionated extracts of the green-lipped mussel. AB - The New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) is the source of a para pharmaceutical called Seatone. Claims have been made that the preparation may be helpful in the management of inflammatory joint disease but results of clinical studies to date have been contradictory. An earlier experimental study demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in the crude preparation and further experiments to isolate and characterise the active fraction were indicated. A two step fractionation procedure resulted in an extract, which although only 16 percent by weight of the parent material, retained anti-inflammatory activity. Experiments involving alternative routes of administration, with heat or enzyme treatment of the active extract and a comparative analysis of fractions from related bivalves, all demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effect was genuine and did not result from counter-irritancy. The initial results suggest that the active agent is a proteinaceous macromolecule. PMID- 6961319 TI - Familial brachymetacarpalia--pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism? PMID- 6961320 TI - Mixed organism peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6961321 TI - The treatment of peptic ulcer. PMID- 6961322 TI - Amoxapine overdose. PMID- 6961323 TI - The oral soft tissue examination in the detection of oral cancer and other soft tissue lesions. PMID- 6961324 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 6961325 TI - Clinical results using (Synthograft) tricalcium phosphate in large periodontal defects. PMID- 6961326 TI - [The market evaluation for need and delivery of dental services]. PMID- 6961327 TI - [Extreme dietary habits - a danger to our teeth]. PMID- 6961328 TI - [Fluoride and its use in dentistry]. PMID- 6961329 TI - Prospects and challenges for professional interaction: the dentist and the dietitian. PMID- 6961330 TI - Status of the recent fluoride shortage in Ohio. PMID- 6961331 TI - Chemical treatment of vital teeth with intrinsic stain. PMID- 6961332 TI - Division of Dental Health. Finding new ways to prevent disease, promote health. PMID- 6961333 TI - Pretreatment - the E.T. of endodontics. PMID- 6961334 TI - Mercury - how to live with it. PMID- 6961335 TI - Results following simultaneous mobilization of the maxilla and mandible for the correction of dentofacial deformities: analysis of 100 consecutive patients. AB - One hundred consecutive cases were reviewed from two centers for correction of dentofacial deformities following simultaneous mobilization of the maxilla and mandible. The mean length of surgery was 5.15 hours, twenty patients received blood transfusions, and the mean length of hospitalization was 3.6 days. No patients experienced significant airway embarrassment requiring emergency procedures. An increased incidence of relapse, compared to single-jaw procedures, appears to be associated with these procedures. This study suggests that the simultaneous mobilization of both jaws should not be done without due consideration to specific indications and treatment planning. In select cases, with careful treatment planning, meticulous execution of surgical techniques, optimal supportive anesthesia, and postoperative care, the simultaneous mobilization of both the maxilla and the mandible can be achieved with few adverse sequelae and complications. PMID- 6961336 TI - Intra-articular meniscus dysfunction surgery. A preliminary report. AB - Surgical management of painful intra-articular functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint has become a topic of much discussion. Data concerning the results of surgery are lacking not only because of the recent renewed interest in this surgery but also because of the small number of cases reported. The present study was undertaken to review the experience at the Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University Temporomandibular Joint and Facial Pain Center with surgical management of intra-articular meniscus dysfunction (IMD) as a specific entity. A review of IMD, criteria for establishment of the diagnosis, initial management, rationale for the surgery, type of surgery, and postoperative results in twenty-three cases will be discussed. PMID- 6961337 TI - Correlation of condylar mobility and arthrotomography in patients with internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. AB - The objective of this clinical study was to determine the relationship between condylar translation on plain tomographic radiographs and internal derangements assessed by a clinical and arthrographic evaluation. One hundred two joints in sixty-two patients were evaluated by linear tomography in closed versus opened positions and classified according to the type of internal derangement depicted by arthrotomography in sixty-two cases. A decrease in condylar translation was noted in patients diagnosed as having meniscus displacement without reduction. Patients who had meniscus displacement with reduction (painful clicking) were found to have hypermobility of the condyle on the symptomatic side. Meniscus displacement without reduction, which appears to be an advanced stage of internal derangement, is a serious sequela leading to marked restriction of condylar motion. PMID- 6961338 TI - Practical differential diagnosis of chronic craniofacial pain. AB - Chronic craniofacial pain afflicts more than one in every ten persons in the United States and Europe. Successful management of chronic craniofacial pain closely follows the thorough evaluation and understanding of the patient and the problem and, subsequently, a correct diagnosis or diagnoses. Evaluation of the patient includes a complete medical, dental, and personal history, physical examination, and appropriate diagnostic studies and consultations. Special consideration should be given the possibility of multiple diagnoses as well as complicating emotional, behavioral, or perceptual factors common in persons with chronic pain. Differential diagnosis is simplified by the use of a practical classification of chronic craniofacial pain. PMID- 6961339 TI - Histologic and sialochemical findings indicating sicca syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Twenty unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were investigated with respect to symptoms and signs of salivary gland involvement. Eight of them complained of xerostomia. Whole salivary flow was measured, parotid saliva was analyzed chemically, and palatal biopsy was performed to assess the degree of inflammatory infiltration in minor salivary glands. All but one of the patients showed signs of involvement on at least one of the tests and, as a group, the patients with SLE had significantly reduced values for salivary flow and increased concentrations of sodium, protein, and carbohydrates as compared to matched healthy controls. PMID- 6961340 TI - Sinus pain responsive to Tegretol. PMID- 6961342 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the maxilla. Report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 6961341 TI - Autosomal dominant cemental dysplasia. PMID- 6961343 TI - Intraoral and labial keratoacanthoma. AB - Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a relatively common skin lesion of questionable histogenic origin. Although cutaneous KAs are considered to arise from hair follicles, the rare cases reported occurring on mucous membranes would suggest possible origin from surface epithelium. A review of the literature revealed six previous cases involving oral mucosa. Seven new cases of keratoacanthoma are presented. Four occurred on the lower lip, and three arose from intraoral mucosal tissue, accounting for a total of nine reported intraoral cases. PMID- 6961344 TI - Management of endodontic perforations. AB - 1. Perforations in the floor of the pulp chambers of molars offer an improved prognosis when treated aseptically and quickly. 2. Perforations in the apical third of the root canal, when made with a reamer or file that leaves 2 mm. or less of unfilled root canal space, have a good prognosis. 3. If a perforation, either mechanical or resorptive in etiology, occurs on the lingual surface and requires surgical management, prognosis is poor. 4. Recent advances in the use of calcium hydroxide to treat endodontic perforations show promise. PMID- 6961345 TI - Pulpal effects of electrosurgery involving based and unbased cervical amalgam restorations. AB - The pulpal effects of electrosurgery involving unrestored enamel, cementum, calcium hydroxide-copal varnish-based restorations and unbased restorations were evaluated in extracted human teeth and posterior teeth of cynomolgus monkeys. Electrosurgery for all studies was performed with a fully rectified filtered unit under conditions of normal clinical usage. Studies in extracted human teeth measured the voltage potential generated between a reference probe in apical pulp tissue and an activated electrosurgery electrode placed on enamel, cementum, based restorations, and unbased restorations. Placement of a base reduced but did not prevent passage of electrosurgical current, and no measurable potential was associated with activated electrode contact on cementum or enamel. Studies in three cynomolgus monkeys included electrosurgery of based and unbased cervical silver amalgam restorations, electrosurgery of unrestored enamel, restored teeth not subjected to electrosurgery and teeth that were neither restored nor subjected to electrosurgery. Electrosurgery of restored teeth, regardless of the presence of a base, consistently resulted in pulpal damage characterized by an altered dentin matrix, necrosis adjacent to the cavity preparation, and a transition zone between necrotic and apparently vital pulp tissue. By 8 weeks following electrosurgery, the majority of specimens showed replacement of the odontoblastic layer and adjacent pulp tissue by dense connective tissue with areas of irregular calcification. PMID- 6961346 TI - Intentional replantation of a maxillary molar. A 4-year follow-up. AB - A 4-year follow-up of a case treated by intentional replantation has been presented. A maxillary molar with a metal core was diagnosed as having acute apical periodontitis, endodontic treatment was determined to be impractical, and the tooth was extracted. Three roots canals which could not be detected roentgenologically were discovered and, after apicoectomy and reversed amalgam filling, the tooth was replanted in its socket. The follow-up reveals periapical repair with no signs of root resorption or ankylosis. PMID- 6961347 TI - Patient-induced blockage of the root canal. Report of a case. PMID- 6961348 TI - Evaluation of contrast in duplicated radiographs. AB - This investigation evaluated changes in the contrast of duplicated radiographs made at different ultraviolet light exposures. Increasing ultraviolet light exposure had different effects on the duplicates of originals of different "background" densities. When correctly exposed, a duplicate radiograph enhanced contrast. When originals had the same contrast but different "background" densities, their duplicates did not have the same contrast. It was not possible to duplicate accurately all the different contrasts measured on an original. It was possible, however, to produce duplicates with all contrasts greater than those of the original. PMID- 6961349 TI - Time-delay image degradation with dental xeroradiography. AB - Dental xeroradiography produces high-quality images of dental structures under ideal conditions. However, charged-but-not-developed xeroradiographic photoreceptor plates lose some of their charge with time, a phenomenon termed "dark decay." This investigation assesses the maximum allowable time delay between (1) charging and exposing the photoreceptor, (2) exposing and developing the photoreceptor, and (3) a combination of both delays. Measurements of resolution, background density, broad-area contrast, noise, point discharge artifacts, and diagnostic image quality indicate that photoreceptors should be processed within 5 to 10 minutes of charging in order to avoid substantial image degradation. PMID- 6961350 TI - Gold chain found between maxillary incisors. PMID- 6961351 TI - [Induction of labor and termination of pregnancy in intrauterine fetal death using enzaprost]. PMID- 6961352 TI - [Successful massive cytostatic therapy of acute granuloblastic leukemia in an adult]. PMID- 6961353 TI - [Cost-use-analysis of preventive measures]. PMID- 6961354 TI - [Prostaglandin interaction and the sympathetic-adrenal system]. PMID- 6961355 TI - [Use of scanning electron microscopy in studying surface architectonics of tumor elements in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 6961356 TI - [Bone marrow barrier function in acute leukemia in children]. PMID- 6961357 TI - [Clinico-cytological factors in the prognosis of acute leukemia in children]. PMID- 6961358 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the lymphoblastic variant of lymphosarcoma in children]. PMID- 6961359 TI - [Immunological markers, cytochemical indices and surface ultrastructure of lymphoid cells of the bone marrow and peripheral blood in children with acute lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 6961360 TI - [Every first assistant a dental assistant. 1]. PMID- 6961361 TI - [The Gottinger model. In search of a better education]. PMID- 6961362 TI - [Systematic individual prevention for adolescents]. PMID- 6961363 TI - [Every first assistant a dental assistant. 2]. PMID- 6961364 TI - [Every first assistant a dental assistant. 3]. PMID- 6961365 TI - [10 commandments for a modern practice]. PMID- 6961366 TI - [Psychology and dental medicine]. PMID- 6961367 TI - [Prevention is the most important medical-dental advice]. PMID- 6961368 TI - Disinfection of teeth as a caries preventive treatment. PMID- 6961369 TI - [New chromosome anomaly caused by translocation t(20;22) in chronic myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 6961370 TI - Scarcity of materials--a dental problem, too. PMID- 6961371 TI - The facial slot preparation: a nonocclusal option for Class 2 carious lesions. PMID- 6961372 TI - Gold foil as a teaching material. PMID- 6961373 TI - Accuracy of mercury: alloy ratio in preproportioned capsules. PMID- 6961374 TI - Porosity in composite resin restorations. PMID- 6961375 TI - Effect of diameters of self-threading pins and channel locations on enamel crazing. PMID- 6961376 TI - Thermal discomfort of teeth related to presence or absence of cement bases under amalgam restorations. PMID- 6961377 TI - Anthracycline cardiomyopathy. AB - Life-threatening irreversible cardiomyopathy is a major complication of anthracycline therapy, particularly in the pediatric population. The pediatric cardiologist, in concert with the primary oncologist, should therefore play a major role in the care of patients receiving these agents and in clinical trials involving their use. Many risk factors and their relationships to drug pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and toxicity have been identified. These data provide a rational basis for present-day recommendations regarding anthracycline administration and dosage scheduling. They furthermore provide potential avenues for clinical investigation aimed at improving the therapeutic index of these agents: alpha-tocopherol, cytochrome Q10, and other free radical scavengers may decrease the deleterious effects of free radical generation on the myocardium without apparent interference with tumoricidal effect. The cardiac glycosides may decrease cardiac toxicity by specific myocardial exclusion. Anthracycline analogs have been designed to specifically inhibit myocardial binding and/or free radical generation. Clinical trials involving these agents are difficult to interpret because of variability in front end risk factors and dosage schedules in the study population. Furthermore, the relatively low (5 to 10%) incidence of affected patients implies the need for large numbers to demonstrate a statistically significant benefit. Pediatric protocols addressing these issues are urgently needed. Guidelines for present-day management and future studies are outlined. PMID- 6961379 TI - [Case of Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome in a patient with myeloblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6961378 TI - Computed tomography of hepatic and splenic fungal abscesses in leukemic children. AB - Six hundred fifty-eight abdominal computed tomography scans of 275 children with cancer were retrospectively studied for evidence of multiple hepatic or splenic "abscess-like" lesions. Seven patients, all with subsequently confirmed fungal disease, were found to have such lesions. In addition to acute leukemia, all patients had prolonged fever not responsive to antibiotics, had neutropenia (less than 500 neutrophils per mm3) and had received anticancer chemotherapy for up to 4 weeks before the positive computed tomography scans. We conclude that the presence of multiple well-circumscribed hepatic or splenic lesions on the abdominal computed tomography scan of a febrile, neutropenic, immunosuppressed patient not responding to antibiotics and with no other source of infection is strong evidence for systemic fungal infection. However, the absence of such lesions may not exclude the diagnosis of systemic mycosis. PMID- 6961380 TI - Demonstration, training and applied research zones in dentistry integrated to development in Senegal (objectives). PMID- 6961381 TI - The role of dental auxiliaries in the prevention of oral diseases. PMID- 6961382 TI - Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (adeno-ameloblastoma). PMID- 6961384 TI - An objective evaluation method in dental health education. PMID- 6961383 TI - Endemic fluorosis in deciduous dentition. A study of 1276 children in typically high fluoride area (Kiambu) in Kenya. PMID- 6961385 TI - Children teaching children dental health education in Kenya. PMID- 6961387 TI - [Physico-engineering problems in materials used for bridges]. PMID- 6961386 TI - Mercury levels in urine of dental personnel in Lagos, Nigeria. PMID- 6961388 TI - [Bridge with telescope system]. PMID- 6961389 TI - [Temporary cementation and cementation]. PMID- 6961390 TI - [Bridge for the partially edentulous jaw]. PMID- 6961391 TI - [Initial preparation for bridges--periodontal tissues]. PMID- 6961392 TI - [Preparation for bridges--minor tooth movement]. PMID- 6961393 TI - [Practice in prosthodontics]. PMID- 6961394 TI - The enzymic and chemical synthesis of ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid from cholic acid. AB - Three approaches to the synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) from cholic acid have been investigated: (i) oxidation of cholic acid to 3 alpha, 7 alpha dihydroxy-12 keto-5 beta-cholanoic acid (12K-CDC) with Clostridium group P 12 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH), isomerization of 12K-CDC to 3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-12 keto-5 beta-cholanoic acid (12K-UDC) with Clostridium absonum 7 alpha- and 7 beta-HSDH and reduction of 12K-UDC by Wolff-Kishner to UDC; (ii) isomerization of cholic acid to ursocholic acid (UC) by C. absonum 7 alpha- and 7 beta-HSDH, oxidation of UC to 12K-UDC with Clostridium group P 12 alpha-HSDH and Wolff-Kishner reduction of 12K-UDC to UDC; (iii) oxidation of cholic acid to 12K CDC by Clostridium group P 12 alpha-HSDH, Wolff-Kishner reduction of 12K-CDC to chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) and isomerization of CDC to UDC using whole cell cultures of C. absonum. In the first two approaches (using cell free systems) the yields of desired product were relatively low primarily due to the formation of various side products. The third method proved the most successful giving an overall yield of 37% (UDC) whose structure was verified by mass spectroscopy of the methyl ester. PMID- 6961395 TI - [Clinical importance of chromosome changes in acute leukemias]. PMID- 6961396 TI - [Morphocytochemical and immunological criteria for the diagnosis and prognosis of the course of acute myelogenous. leukemias]. PMID- 6961397 TI - Nonspecific stabilization of stress-susceptible proteins by stress-resistant proteins: a model for the biological role of heat shock proteins. AB - It is demonstrated experimentally that addition of proteins that are themselves resistant to denaturation by heat or ethanol can nonspecifically stabilize other proteins that are ordinarily highly susceptible to inactivation. It is proposed that the diffusion-limited rate with which unfolded protein molecules encounter each other and become irreversibly crosslinked is reduced in the presence of substantial concentrations of an unreactive globular protein. We suggest that one of the functions of heat shock proteins, which are synthesized in large amounts after exposure of cells to increased temperature and other forms of stress, may be to stabilize other proteins kinetically in a similarly nonspecific fashion. PMID- 6961398 TI - Sequence of terminal regions of cowpox virus DNA: arrangement of repeated and unique sequence elements. AB - One terminal EcoRI fragment of the genome of cowpox virus (CPV) strain Brighton red has been cloned in plasmid pBR325, and the nucleotide sequence of the 2,725 base-pair Sal I fragment corresponding to that at the end of the viral genome has been determined. The fragment consists of three unique sequence regions flanking two sets of repeated sequence. The repeated sequence sets are composed of four types of subunits, the majority of which are arranged in higher-order repeat units. The subunits are themselves closely related; two are subsets of a third, whereas the fourth is a recombinant of the first two. The fragment possesses no long open reading frames (maximal coding potential, 65 amino acids). The sequence of this CPV DNA Sal I fragment is compared with that of the corresponding fragment of vaccinia virus WR DNA [Baroudy, B. M., Venkatesan, S. & Moss, B. (1982) Cell 28, 315-324; Venkatesan, S., Baroudy, B. M. & Moss, B. (1981) Cell 25, 805-813]. Two of the unique sequence regions of the two viruses are related to the extent of 96%, and the third contains at least one sequence of 112 residues that is 98% homologous. As for the repeated sequence sets, those of vaccinia virus are composed of only two, rather than four, types of subunit, one of which is identical to one of the CPV subunits, whereas the other differs from another CPV subunit by only three mismatches and one deletion. However, the arrangement of subunits in the two viruses is different, that in vaccinia virus DNA being simpler. Both subunits as well as repeat units probably arose as a result of unequal crossover. PMID- 6961399 TI - Initiation and termination of phage f1 plus-strand synthesis. AB - The origin of DNA replication of bacteriophage f1 contains a nucleotide sequence that is used both for the initiation of viral (plus) strand synthesis and for its termination. With chimeric plasmids containing two f1 functional origins in the same orientation, synthesis of chimeric plus-strand DNA is initiated, after f1 infection, at either one of the two f1 origins and is terminated at the other. Thus, the chimeric plasmids segregate into two replicons, each of them containing only one f1 origin. This system has been used to test several fragments of the f1 origin varying in size or in nucleotide sequence for their ability to function in either initiation or termination of viral strand synthesis. Our data show that the f1 origin is composed of two overlapping but distinct domains (signals), one for initiation and the other for termination of plus-strand synthesis. PMID- 6961400 TI - Replacement of anticodon loop nucleotides to produce functional tRNAs: amber suppressors derived from yeast tRNAPhe. AB - The method of anticodon loop replacement has been used to make derivatives of yeast tRNAPhe. By constructing tRNAs with a CUA anticodon, complementary to the amber (UAG) terminator, functional amber suppressor tRNAs were produced. The activity of these tRNAs was assayed in a mammalian cell-free protein synthesizing system. The level of suppression reflects the efficiency of codon recognition. tRNAs were constructed with either A, C, U, or G on the 3' side of the CUA anticodon. The tRNAs containing the purines were efficient amber suppressors, whereas those containing pyrimidines were inefficient. PMID- 6961401 TI - Sequences upstream from the T-A-T-A box are required in vivo and in vitro for efficient transcription from the adenovirus serotype 2 major late promoter. AB - We show that sequences located upstream from the T-A-T-A box, between positions 97 and -34, are necessary for efficient in vivo transcription from the adenovirus serotype 2 major late promoter. The effect of these upstream sequences was also investigated in vitro using a whole cell or an S100 extract and circular or linear templates. With the whole cell extract, the in vivo effect of the upstream sequences was reproduced in vitro. With the S100 extract, some effect of the upstream sequences was observed with circular, but not with linear, templates. PMID- 6961402 TI - Circular dichroism spectroscopy of heparin-antithrombin interactions. AB - We have utilized circular dichroism spectroscopy to examine the interaction of antithrombin with heparin-derived oligosaccharides and mucopolysaccharides of various sizes. Our studies demonstrate that the various complexes exhibit two major types of chiral absorption spectra. The first of these patterns is seen when octasaccharide, decasaccharide, dodecasaccharide, or tetradecasaccharide fragments bind to the protease inhibitor. The circular dichroism spectra of these complexes when compared to the spectrum of free antithrombin show several distinguishing characteristics. On the one hand, there is a marked general increase in positive chiral absorption that is maximal at 296 and 288 nm and 290 and 282.5 nm. These observations indicate perturbation of "buried" and "exposed" tryptophan residues. On the other hand, a significant augmentation in circular dichroism that peaks at 269.5 and 263 nm is noted. These findings are probably due to the summed positive and negative contributions arising from tryptophan residue(s), disulfide bridge(s), and phenylalanine residue(s). Given that these heparin fragments are able to accelerate factor Xa-antithrombin interactions but not thrombin-antithrombin interactions, the above spectral transitions must be associated with either the binding of a critical domain of the oligosaccharides to the protease inhibitor or the "activation" of the protease inhibitor with respect to factor Xa neutralization. The second of these patterns is apparent when octadecasaccharide, low molecular weight heparin (6,500), and high molecular weight heparin (22,000) interact with antithrombin. The circular dichroism spectra of these complexes compared to the spectrum of free protease inhibitor are similar to the first pattern except for changes within the 292- to 282-nm and 275- to 255-nm regions. The subtraction of the first pattern from the second pattern reveals a shallow negative band between 300 and 275 nm with potential negative minima at 290 and 283 nm as well as a deep negative band between 275 and 255 nm with possible negative minima at 268 and 262 nm. This chiral absorption profile is most likely to arise from conformational changes of a disulfide bridge(s). However, we cannot completely exclude the possibility that the above circular dichroism difference curve might be explained on the basis of transitions originating from a tryptophan residue(s). Given our method for generating the above data, these spectral alterations must be associated with the binding of a second critical domain of the mucopolysaccharide to antithrombin that is required for rapid complex formation with thrombin or the activation of the protease inhibitor with respect to the neutralization of the latter enzyme. PMID- 6961403 TI - DNA primase activity associated with DNA polymerase alpha from Xenopus laevis ovaries. AB - One of the two forms of DNA polymerase alpha from ovaries of the frog Xenopus laevis catalyzed ribonucleoside triphosphate-dependent DNA synthesis on single stranded circular fd phage DNA templates. DNA synthesis was dependent on ATP and added template. CTP, GTP, and UTP stimulated DNA synthesis but were not required and could not substitute for ATP. DNA synthesis was not inhibited by alpha amanitin. Neither poly(dT) nor double-stranded DNA served as template. Analysis of [32P]-dTMP-labeled product by neutral and alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis showed that 0.1- to 1-kilobase DNA fragments (average size of approximately equal to 0.25 kilobase) were synthesized. The fragments were not covalently linked to the template. Either [alpha-32P]NMP, [gamma-32P]ATP, or [gamma-32P]GTP were incorporated also into the product. Analysis of the product after hydrolysis by KOH, alkaline phosphatase, or bacteriophage T4 3' leads to 5' exonuclease showed the presence of a small oligoribonucleotide primer at the 5' end of the newly synthesized DNA. NTP-dependent DNA-synthesizing activity copurified on six columns and cosedimented during glycerol gradient centrifugation with one form of DNA polymerase alpha activity but not with the other form. These results suggest that DNA primase activity is associated with one of the two forms of X. laevis DNA polymerase alpha. PMID- 6961404 TI - Correlation of parvalbumin concentration with relaxation speed in mammalian muscles. AB - The physiological role of the Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin in skeletal muscle has been investigated by measuring the parvalbumin content by HPLC in a variety of mammalian muscles, including man, and comparing the results with the respective muscle relaxation properties and fiber type compositions. The parvalbumin concentrations were highest in the skeletal muscles of the smallest animal investigated (mouse, gastrocnemius: 4.9 g/kg), which has the highest relaxation speed, and lowest in the larger animals (horse, deep gluteal muscle: less than or equal to 0.001 g/kg) and man (vastus, triceps: less than or equal to 0.001 g/kg), which have much lower relaxation speeds. Analysis of three type homogeneous muscles of the guinea pig revealed highest parvalbumin concentrations (0.25 g/kg) in sartorius (type IIB) and lowest concentrations (less than or equal to 0.007 g/kg) in soleus (type I), consistent with the different half-relaxation times of fast and slow muscles. Denervation of the rat extensor digitorum longus, which increases the half-relaxation time from 9.4 to 19 msec, resulted in a 20% decrease of the parvalbumin content. Given this close correlation between parvalbumin content and relaxation speed in a variety of muscles and species, we suggest that parvalbumin is involved directly in the relaxation process in fast muscles. PMID- 6961405 TI - In vitro characterization of the fibroin gene promoter by the use of single-base substitution mutants. AB - A highly efficient method for segment-directed mutagenesis has been developed. The method relies on the deamination by sodium nitrite of the bases in the separated strands of a small DNA restriction fragment. The mutagen-treated strands produce transition mutations by the following sequence: (i) hybridization with the complementary strand of the wild-type DNA that had been cloned into a phage fl vector, (ii) repair synthesis in vitro, and (iii) transfection of Escherichia coli. Using this method, we have isolated 14 single-point mutants within a 31-base-pair stretch of the fibroin gene (from the T-A-T-A box at the nucleotide position -30 to the cap site at +1). In vitro transcription experiments with the HeLa cell or the silk gland cell extract show that single base transitions at the T-A-T-A box (T to C at -30, A to G at -29, and T to C at 28) and at the -20 region (G to A at -21, T to C at -20, and A to G at -17) result in decreased promoter activities, whereas those at the cap site and the 10 regions have no effect. The initiation site of transcription is the same for five "down" (reduced activity) mutants (T to C at -30, T to C at -28, G to A at 21, T to C at -20, and A to G at -17), the cap site mutant (A to G at +1), and the wild-type genes--position +1. However, the A-to-G transition at -29 (the second base of the T-A-T-A box) induces an additional transcription start from position +4. Functions of the T-A-T-A box and the -20 regions are discussed. PMID- 6961406 TI - Rat pancreatic kallikrein mRNA: nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of the encoded preproenzyme. AB - We have cloned via recombinant DNA technology the mRNA sequence for rat pancreatic preprokallikrein. Four cloned overlapping double-stranded cDNAs gave a continuous mRNA sequence of 867 nucleotides beginning within the 5'-noncoding region and extending to the poly(A) tail. The mRNA sequence reveals that pancreatic kallikrein is synthesized as a prezymogen of 265 amino acids, including a proposed secretory prepeptide of 17 amino acids and a proposed activation peptide of 11 amino acids. The activation peptide, although similar in length, is distinct from those of the other classes of pancreatic serine proteases. The amino acid sequence of the predicted active form of the enzyme is closely related to the partial sequences obtained for other kallikrein-like serine proteases including rat submaxillary gland kallikrein, pig pancreatic and submaxillary gland kallikreins, the gamma subunit of mouse nerve growth factor, and rat tonin. Key amino acid residues thought to be involved in the substrate cleavage specificity of kallikreins are retained. Hybridization analysis showed relatively high levels of kallikrein mRNA in the rat pancreas, submaxillary and parotid glands, spleen, and kidney, indicating the active synthesis of kallikrein in these tissues. PMID- 6961407 TI - Restriction of motion of protein side chains during the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin. AB - Linear dichroism was measured during the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin. The anisotropy of the sample was produced by the photoselection method. The measurements on purple membrane fragments embedded in agar gel were performed at room temperature with 200 microseconds time resolution at several wavelengths in the 240- to 550-nm spectral region. The induced anisotropy of the retinal chromophore remained constant after the formation of the photocycle intermediate M. The anisotropy was also time independent at the characteristic peaks of the UV absorption change. These experimental data suggest that the direction of the retinal transition dipole moment remains unchanged. Moreover, the affected aromatic protein side chains also do not show any rotational motion when they are in the perturbed or ground states during the photocycle. Our data render it possible to calculate the restricted range of sudden chromophore rotations that might be coupled to the appearance and decay of the M intermediate. PMID- 6961408 TI - Evidence for cross-bridge attachment in relaxed muscle at low ionic strength. AB - In vitro at low ionic strength (mu = 0.02 M) and 5 degrees C, myosin subfragment 1 shows significant binding to regulated actin in the presence of ATP, independent of the concentration of free Ca2+. Under the same conditions, single skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers develop force only in the presence of Ca2+ and are relaxed in its absence. However, the stiffness, measured with very rapid stretches (0.5% of muscle length in 0.1 ms), is high even when the fibers are relaxed. This "rapid stiffness" of the resting muscle is sensitive to ionic strength, becoming small at normal ionic strength (mu = 0.17 M). At low ionic strength, the rapid stiffness is approximately proportional to the overlap between the actin and myosin filaments. At zero overlap (sarcomere length = 3.8 microns), the stiffness is less than 20% of the value measured at full overlap. This remaining 20% is relatively insensitive to ionic strength, like the passive resting tension, and it may in fact be due to the structures responsible for the resting tension. Thus, both in vitro binding and the effect of overlap on rapid stiffness measurements in fibers suggest that cross-bridges are attached to actin in relaxed muscle at low ionic strength. PMID- 6961409 TI - Transient kinetics of the rapid shape change of unstirred human blood platelets stimulated with ADP. AB - Unstirred (isotropic) suspensions of human blood platelets stimulated with ADP in a stopped-flow laser turbidimeter exhibit a distinct extinction maximum during the course of the classical rapid conversion of initially smooth flat discoid cells to smaller-body spiny spheres. This implies the existence of a transient intermediate having a larger average light scattering cross section (extinction coefficient) than either the disc or the spiny sphere. Monophasic extinction increases reaching the same final value were observed when either discoid or spiny sphere platelets were converted to smooth spheres by treatment with chlorpromazine, and sphering of discoid cells was accompanied by a larger total extinction change than the retraction of pseudopods by already spherical cells. These and other results suggest that the ADP-induced transient state represents platelets that are approximately as "spherical" as the irregular spiny sphere but lack the characteristic long pseudopods and as a consequence are larger bodied. Fitting the ADP progress curves to the series reaction A leads to B leads to C by means of the light scattering equivalent of the Beer-Lambert law yielded scattering cross sections that are consistent with this explanation. The rate constants for the two reaction steps were identical, indicating that ADP activation corresponds to a continuous random (Poisson) process with successive apparent states "disc," "sphere," and "spiny sphere," whose individual probabilities are determined by a single rate-limiting step. PMID- 6961410 TI - In vivo uptake of chylomicron [3H]retinyl ester by rat liver: evidence for retinol transfer from parenchymal to nonparenchymal cells. AB - We have studied hepatic uptake of chylomicron retinyl ester. Chylomicrons were obtained from intestinal lymph of rats that were given retinol in groundnut oil by intraduodenal injection. When lymph was injected intravenously into normal rats, the radioactivity was cleared from blood with t1/2 approximately equal to 10 min. Retinyl ester was taken up initially by the liver, which, after 30 min, contained 80-90% of the radioactivity injected. Initially, most of the radioactivity was in hepatocytes, but after 30 min it disappeared from these cells and reappeared in nonparenchymal liver cells. After 2 hr these cells contained more radioactivity than the hepatocytes. When lymph was injected into vitamin A-deficient rats or rats given vitamin A in the form of retinoic acid, the plasma clearance and initial hepatic uptake of radioactivity were similar to that found in control animals. However, the nonparenchymal cells in these animals did not accumulate radioactivity. The current data suggest that vitamin A (in chylomicron remnants) is taken up initially by hepatocytes and then is released from these cells and delivered mainly to nonparenchymal liver cells in normal animals. In vitamin A-deficient rats, the vitamin is transferred from the hepatocytes to extrahepatic tissues. PMID- 6961411 TI - Actin gene expression visualized in chicken muscle tissue culture by using in situ hybridization with a biotinated nucleotide analog. AB - The chicken muscle tissue culture system has been used for visualizing actin gene expression after in situ hybridization. Cell differentiation is morphologically distinguishable in this system as the myoblasts fuse into myotubes. This differentiation involves the production of large amounts of actin required for myofibrils. The presence of actin mRNA has been observed in cells preserved with ethanol and paraformaldehyde by hybridizing a recombinant plasmid into which a biotinated analog of dUTP was incorporated by nick-translation. The biotin was then detected by using an anti-biotin antibody and a rhodamine-conjugated second antibody. Alternatively, avidin conjugated to rhodamine or avidin complexed to biotinated peroxidase has been used for mRNA detection. The procedure described preserved morphological detail yet is compatible with hybridization conditions and reveals the disposition of actin mRNA during gene expression. PMID- 6961412 TI - Cell types and morphogenesis in the mammary gland. AB - Cell types present in the mammary gland and their evolution were studied by labeling female rats with radioactive thymidine at various phases of the estrus cycle. The results suggest that the stem cells for mammary development are present in the terminal end buds and that they generate a lineage for lumenal cells and possibly a distinct one for myoepithelial cells. Growth and differentiation are controlled by both hormones and local factors. PMID- 6961413 TI - Differential synthesis of spore coat proteins in prespore and prestalk cells of Dictyostelium. AB - The major spore coat proteins (SP60, SP70, and SP96) of Dictyostelium discoideum have been analyzed by using two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis. These proteins have been characterized with respect to electrophoretic behavior, metachromatic staining with silver, and posttranslational modifications; these techniques allow unambiguous identification of these proteins in silver-stained gels and autofluorograms of total cell extracts. They are synthesized by cells in the prespore region of migrating slugs, ultimately becoming major components of mature spores, but are not detectable either in cells in the prestalk region of slugs or in mature stalk cells. The ease with which these relatively abundant proteins can be recognized on two-dimensional gels makes them very useful markers for spatial and temporal differentiation in this organism. PMID- 6961414 TI - Surface antigenic change during differentiation of a parasitic protozoan, Leishmania mexicana: Identification by monoclonal antibodies. AB - The fusion of SP2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis promastigotes produced hybridoma clones. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay with live leishmanias showed that the monoclonal antibody 6H12 recognized only the antigens bound to the surface of L. mexicana amazonensis promastigotes. It also showed that the antibody bound to neither amastigotes of this species nor to other Leishmania species--i.e., L. braziliensis braziliensis, L. tropica, and L. donovani. Monoclonal antibodies from three other clones (4D11, 4H9, and 6A11) were found to compete with 6H12 for binding to L. mexicana promastigotes. With lysates of [35S]methionine-labeled promastigotes, all four monoclonal antibodies precipitated the same triplet set of protein bands at the approximately equal to 68,000-dalton region, whereas another monoclonal antibody (6G5) precipitated a different band at approximately equal to 90,000 daltons. During differentiation of L. mexicana amazonensis from amastigotes to promastigotes, there was a 4- to 8-fold increase above the initial level in the binding of 6H12 monoclonal antibody to leishmanias, as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative fluorometric assay, respectively. Thus, we have demonstrated the use of monoclonal antibodies as probes for antigens that change during leishmanial differentiation. PMID- 6961415 TI - Role of endogenous cat retrovirus in cell differentiation. AB - Several long-term cultures were established from a spontaneous melanoma of a cat. Cells were rounded or spindle shaped and exhibited black/brown pigmentation in the cytoplasm. No virus was released from these cells spontaneously or after treatment with chemicals. However, exogenous infection of the cat melanoma cells with the endogenous cat virus RD114 resulted in remarkable morphological and functional changes. Most of the RD114 virus-infected cells exhibited multiple neuritic extensions and about 1-2% of the population showed characteristics of neuronal cells. Because human, mouse, and hamster melanoma cultures infected with various mammalian retroviruses, including the RD114 virus, did not display any morphological alteration, it is concluded that the neuronal cell differentiation in the cat melanoma cells is a consequence of its specific interaction with the endogenous cat retrovirus. PMID- 6961416 TI - Chemical identity of the acrasin of the cellular slime mold Polysphondylium violaceum. AB - The aggregation chemoattractant (or acrasin) of Polysphondylium violaceum, a species of cellular slime mold that does not respond chemotactically to cAMP, has been identified. It was extracted and purified from aggregating amoebae, then analyzed for amino acid composition and by IR and mass spectrometry. The active molecule is N-propionyl-gamma-L-glutamyl-L-ornithine-delta-lactam ethyl ester (Mr, 327), which we have named glorin. The compound has been synthesized and shows normal chemotactic activity with the amoebae of P. violaceum. PMID- 6961417 TI - Genes controlling segmental specification in the Drosophila thorax. AB - The roles of three homeotic genes, Ubx+, Scr+, and Antp+, in the Drosophila thorax have been studied by determining the cellular phenotypes of mutations resulting in loss of gene function. The principal results are: (i) The Scr+ and Ubx+ genes are required in the prothorax and metathorax, respectively; in the absence of these genes, both segments develop like the mesothorax. (ii) The Antp+ gene is required in all three thoracic segments: in its absence, parts of the mesothorax are transformed into corresponding parts of the antenna, and similar transformations to antenna are found in the prothorax and metathorax if the Scr+ and Ubx+ genes also are absent. (iii) Loss of the Ubx+ gene early in embryogenesis, but not later, leads to the inappropriate activity of the Scr+ gene in the meso- and metathorax. Results i and ii argue strongly that segmental determination is specified in a combinatorial fashion in the head and thorax by the selective activities of the Scr+, Ubx+, Antp+, and putative head-determining genes. Result iii suggests that a product of the Ubx+ gene also plays an early, regulatory role in ensuring the correct spatial expression of the Scr+ gene during subsequent development. PMID- 6961418 TI - Isolation of a human repetitive sequence and its application to regional chromosome mapping. AB - Recombinant lambda phage Charon 4A with repetitive human DNA inserts have been constructed by using cellular DNA from a human-Chinese hamster ovary cell hybrid retaining the complete hamster genome and a single human chromosome 12. One recombinant phage, 12-11, contains several repetitive sequences, each with a different repetition pattern in the human genome. A 2.2-kilobase (kb) EcoRI fragment of this phage was subcloned in pBR325. This sequence has fewer than 5,000 copies in the human genome and does not cross-hybridize with Chinese hamster DNA. When the labeled 2.2-kb probe was hybridized to human chromosome 12 DNA digested with EcoRI, there was an intense band at the 2.2-kb position and a series of other discrete bands. The band pattern at positions other than 2.2 kb appears to be distinct for each human chromosome. The 2.2-kb fragment is composed of at least three subregions. The ends of the fragment are repeated more frequently in the genome than is the middle portion. Hybridization of chromosome 12 DNA with probes made to these subregions yielded simpler band patterns. By using a series of cell hybrids containing various deletions of human chromosome 12, five sequences related to the 2.2-kb fragment have been assigned regionally to a specific portion of the short arm of chromosome 12. These results demonstrate that certain repetitive sequences in the human genome can be used as genetic markers and may permit detailed regional mapping of human chromosomes. PMID- 6961419 TI - Diverse origins of multiple ovarian teratomas in a single individual. AB - Centromere heteromorphisms and enzyme markers were examined in cells cultured from seven benign ovarian teratomas arising in a single patient. Three of the teratomas were homozygous for all eight enzyme and centromere markers found to be heterozygous in the host. The other four tumors were heterozygous at the centromeres of chromosomes 1, 16, 17, and 18, as in the patient, but were homozygous for at least one of the enzyme markers. The linkage phases of the heterozygous enzyme markers phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase 1 and the chromosome 1 centromere heteromorphism were established for the patient and for three of the heterozygous teratomas by analysis of Chinese hamster-human somatic cell hybrids. The linkage phase of these markers in homozygous and heterozygous tumors was in every case different from that in the host. The finding of heterozygous centromeres in ovarian teratomas excludes suppression of meiosis II as a mechanism for their origin, and we suggest rather that they arise by failure of meiosis I. The linkage phases in the fully homozygous tumors are most readily derived from that in the patient, we suggest, by endoreduplication of a haploid gamete. The varied origin of ovarian teratomas has important implications for the suitability of such material for centromere-based gene mapping. PMID- 6961420 TI - Mucolipidosis III is genetically heterogeneous. AB - Mucolipidosis III (ML III), or pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy, is an inherited childhood disorder characterized biochemically by low activities and abnormal electrophoretic patterns of multiple lysosomal enzymes in fibroblasts. The primary deficiency of ML III has been proposed to be in UDP-N acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. However, variation in this enzyme and in other biochemical properties of different ML III lines has been observed. Therefore, we investigated genetic heterogeneity within the disorder by complementation analysis. Heterokaryon cell fractions were generated by fusing together ML III fibroblast lines. When pairs of cells complemented, correction of lysosomal enzyme activities and electrophoretic patterns was observed. Twelve fibroblast lines from 10 sibships were analyzed and three distinct complementation groups were characterized. One complementation group represents the classical ML III disorder. A single cell line identifies a second complementation group. The cell lines comprising a third complementation group have a number of biochemical characteristics different from classical ML III and may represent a genetically distinct disorder. PMID- 6961421 TI - Intronless human dihydrofolate reductase genes are derived from processed RNA molecules. AB - Three groups of recombinant bacteriophage containing coding sequences for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR; tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; 5,6,7,8 tetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3) were isolated from two human DNA clone libraries. One recombinant (lambda hDHFR-1) contains three exons that encode the COOH-terminal portion of human DHFR. The other two human DHFR genes (hDHFR-psi 1 and hDHRF-psi 2) lack introns. hDHFR-psi 2 contains several in-phase termination codons and is only 93% homologous to the normal human DHFR coding sequences, whereas hDHFR-psi 1 has an open reading frame and is virtually identical to the coding sequence of the normal DHFR gene. The region of DNA sequence homology between each intronless gene and the normal DHFR gene extends 2.9 kilobases beyond the end of the coding sequences. At the 3' end of this homologous sequence, each intronless gene has an A-rich tract. The lack of introns and the presence of the 3' A-rich tract suggest that hDHFR-psi 1 and hDHFR-psi 2 were derived from processed RNA molecules. A short DNA sequence, 60 nucleotides 5' to the ATG start codon in lambda hDHFR-psi 2, is directly repeated immediately after the 3' A-rich tract; such terminal direct repeats also flank integrated proretroviruses and transposable DNA elements and are thought to be the hallmark of inserted DNA sequences. PMID- 6961423 TI - Evidence for a major cluster of lymphocyte differentiation antigens on murine chromosome 2. AB - The region of chromosome 2 between H-13 and H-3 has been shown to contain loci coding for a variety of other alloantigens, including Ly-4 and the locus coding for beta 2-microglobulin. Herein we show that Ly-6 and Ly-11 are coded for by genes in a segment of chromosome 2 adjacent to the H-3-H-13 region and that this segment of chromosome also contains the tightly linked loci coding for antigens Ala-1, DAG, H9/25, H-30, Ly-8, and ThB. In addition, at least one locus (and probably more) affecting susceptibility to leukemia induction is found within this gene cluster. PMID- 6961422 TI - Mutagenesis of bacteriophage T7 in vitro by incorporation of O6-methylguanine during DNA synthesis. AB - An in vitro system in which bacteriophage T7 DNA is replicated and efficiently packaged into procapsids to form viable phage has been used to examine mutagenesis. The fidelity of replication was assayed both by measuring reversion of an amber mutation in an essential gene and by generation of temperature sensitive mutants among the phage produced in vitro. Under standard reaction conditions, the fidelity of DNA replication is about equal to that normally found in vivo. However, when O6-methyldeoxyguanosine triphosphate is included in the reaction, O6-methylguanine is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA and the mutation frequencies increase 10- to 70-fold over the control. These experiments demonstrate in vitro mutagenesis with the T7 DNA replication-packaging system and provide more direct evidence for the premutagenic role of O6-methylguanine. PMID- 6961425 TI - Response of vitamin B-6 deficiency and the carpal tunnel syndrome to pyridoxine. AB - The specific activities and percentage deficiencies of the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase of erythrocytes (EGOT) were determined for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) diagnosed by clinical examination and electrical conduction data; the EGOT data revealed a severe deficiency of vitamin B-6. After double blind treatment with pyridoxine and placebo, two physicians identified those receiving pyridoxine (clinically improved) and those receiving placebo (did not improve) without error, P less than 0.0078. Correcting a deficiency of the coenzyme at receptors of existing molecules of the apoenzyme appears to take place within days; correction of the deficiency in the number of molecules of the transaminase takes place over 10-12 weeks. The clinical response, appraised by the diminution of the symptoms of CTS, was correlated only with the restored levels of the transaminase which presumably results from a translational long term increase in the number of molecules of EGOT by a mechanism activated by correcting a deficiency of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Apparent Km values of EGOT were identical for groups of patients with CTS and others without CTS but with identical specific activities, indicating that CTS is a primary deficiency of vitamin B-6 rather than one of a dependency state. Clinical improvement of the syndrome with pyridoxine therapy may frequently obviate hand surgery. PMID- 6961424 TI - Ultrastructure of the membrane attack complex of complement: detection of the tetramolecular C9-polymerizing complex C5b-8. AB - The ultrastructure of the membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement had been described as representing a hollow cylinder of defined dimensions that is composed of the proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9. After the characteristic cylindrical structure was identified as polymerized C9 [poly(C9)], the question arose as to the ultrastructural identity and topology of the C9-polymerizing complex C5b-8. An electron microscopic analysis of isolated MAC revealed an asymmetry of individual complexes with respect to their length. Whereas the length of one boundary (+/- SEM) was always 16 +/- 1 nm, the length of the other varied between 16 and 32 nm. In contrast, poly(C9), formed spontaneously from isolated C9, had a uniform tubule length (+/- SEM) of 16 +/- 1 nm. On examination of MAC-phospholipid vesicle complexes, an elongated structure was detected that was closely associated with the poly(C9) tubule and that extended 16-18 nm beyond the torus of the tubule and 28-30 nm above the membrane surface. The width of this structure varied depending on its two-dimensional projection in the electron microscope. By using biotinyl C5b-6 in the formation of the MAC and avidin-coated colloidal gold particles for the ultrastructural analysis, this heretofore unrecognized subunit of the MAC could be identified as the tetramolecular C5b-8 complex. Identification also was achieved by using anti-C5 Fab-coated colloidal gold particles. A similar elongated structure of 25 nm length (above the surface of the membrane) was observed on single C5b-8-vesicle complexes. It is concluded that the C5b-8 complex, which catalyzes poly(C9) formation, constitutes a structure of discrete morphology that remains as such identifiable in the fully assembled MAC, in which it is closely associated with the poly(C9) tubule. PMID- 6961426 TI - Antibodies to distinct polypeptides of RNA polymerase I in sera from patients with rheumatic autoimmune disease. AB - Sera from patients with rheumatic autoimmune diseases were screened for antibodies directed against RNA polymerase I by using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Significant levels of the antibodies were detected in the sera of all patients with either systemic lupus erythematosus or mixed connective tissue disease and in 78% of the individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. No detectable anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies were found in the sera from healthy subjects. Individuals taking hydralazine, three of whom exhibited symptoms of drug-induced lupus, had barely detectable levels of the antibodies. Immunoglobulins obtained from sera containing anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies, as determined by the radioimmunoassay, could inhibit RNA polymerase I activity in vitro. Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus contained immunoglobulins directed against the polymerase I-associated polypeptide of Mr 65,000 as well as against the polypeptides of Mr 120,000 or Mr 25,000, or both. Sera from individuals with rheumatoid arthritis reacted with the polypeptide of Mr 65,000 only. The antibodies in the sera of patients with mixed connective tissue disease were directed against the Mr 42,000 polypeptide or a combination of the Mr 65,000, 42,000, and 25,000 polypeptides. These data suggest that the production of anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies may be a unique characteristic of individuals with rheumatic autoimmune diseases and that the production of antibodies against specific polypeptides of RNA polymerase I may be indicative of the particular class of disease. PMID- 6961427 TI - Interactions between lithium and renal transport of Krebs cycle intermediates. AB - The effect of lithium on the renal transport of Krebs cycle intermediates was studied in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from the rabbit renal cortex. The di- and tricarboxylic acids are avidly transported across renal brush border membranes by a sodium cotransport system. Lithium acted as a potent, specific, competitive inhibitor (Ki = 1.2 mM) of succinate/sodium cotransport when added to the uptake medium. Similar effects were observed for citrate but not D-glucose, L phenylalanine, L-proline, L-alanine, or L-lactate transport. Intravesicular lithium behaved as a noncompetitive inhibitor of succinate transport in the absence of sodium. These results account for the observation that therapeutic doses of lithium increase the renal excretion of Krebs cycle intermediates. The existence of a transport system for alpha-ketoglutarate in synaptosomes suggests a possible target for lithium in the central nervous system. PMID- 6961428 TI - Hepatitis B viral DNA in liver and serum of asymptomatic carriers. AB - Cloned DNA probes were used to test for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the liver and serum of 14 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and two former carriers. The results were compared with serological markers of HBV infection and liver histopathology. Three groups of carriers were distinguished. In group I, HBV DNA was present in both liver and serum. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), a marker of viral replication, was uniformly positive in serum. In one individual in this group, viral DNA was also integrated into liver genomic DNA. In group II, lower levels of nonintegrated HBV DNA were detected in the liver, but no HBV DNA was found in the serum. HBeAg was negative and with one exception there were antibodies to HBeAg. Integrated viral DNA was present in each case. In group III, there was no detectable nonintegrated viral DNA in serum or liver, but one individual had integrated sequences. All carriers lacked antibodies to HBsAg and had antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and demonstrated nonspecific histological abnormalities in the liver. These findings indicate significant quantitative and qualitative differences among asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and suggest that their infectivity may be highly variable. PMID- 6961429 TI - Molecular and cellular pathogenesis of hemoglobin SC disease. AB - Solution and cell studies were performed to ascertain why individuals with hemoglobin (Hb) SC have disease whereas those with Hb AS do not. The polymerization of deoxygenated mixtures containing sickle cell Hb (Hb S; alpha 2 beta 2(6)Glu leads to Val) and Hb C (alpha 2 beta 2(6)Glu leads to Lys) was investigated by measurements of delay times and solubilities. In mixtures containing more than 40% Hb S, polymerization takes place by the same mechanism as in solutions of Hb S alone, with no evidence for independent crystallization of Hb C. A detailed comparison of Hb S/Hb C and Hb S/Hb A mixtures with identical concentrations and proportions of Hb S show that there is no significant difference in the tendency of Hb C and Hb A to copolymerize with Hb S. In 50:50 Hb S/Hb C mixtures, polymerization is about 15 times more rapid than in 40:60 Hb S/Hb A mixtures at the same total Hb concentration. Measurements on density fractionated erythrocytes show that SC cells contain a higher total Hb concentration and a more uniform distribution of reticulocytes compared to normal (AA) or sickle trait (AS) cells. The concentration distribution for C trait (AC) cells is much closer to that of SC cells than to AS or AA cells. It appears, therefore, that the presence of Hb C results in the SC cell beginning its life with an abnormally high Hb concentration. From these findings we conclude that both the larger proportion of Hb S and the higher intracellular Hb concentration contribute to the pathogenesis of Hb SC disease. PMID- 6961430 TI - Effects of intake of L-ascorbic acid on the incidence of dermal neoplasms induced in mice by ultraviolet light. AB - We have carried out a study of large malignant skin tumors (squamous cell carcinomas) and other lesions in hairless mice (groups of 38-45) intermittently exposed to ultraviolet light over a period of 15 weeks, beginning when the mice were about 10 weeks old. The several groups were given a standard diet with 0%, 0.3%, 5%, and 10% added L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) throughout the study. No lesions developed in unirradiated control groups. The lesions were counted every 14 days for 4 months, beginning 4 weeks before the end of the period of irradiation. The observed incidence of lesions of several sizes during successive time periods was analyzed by the statistical method recommended by a committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A pronounced effect of vitamin C in decreasing the incidence and delaying the onset of the malignant lesions was observed with high statistical significance. PMID- 6961431 TI - Thyroid hormone regulation of heme oxidation in the liver. AB - The effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) on heme oxygenase (EC 1.14.99.3) activity and cytochrome P-450 content in liver were examined in thyroidectomized rats. T3, when administered for 5 days at a dose of 6 micrograms/100 g of body weight, stimulated basal heme oxygenase activity approximately equal to 2-fold compared to diluent-treated animals. The induction of heme oxygenase by cobalt heme also was enhanced approximately equal to 3-fold in T3-treated animals. T3 treatment lowered cytochrome P-450 content by approximately equal to 50% and potentiated the depletion of this heme protein after cobalt heme administration. Reverse T3 had no effect either on cytochrome P-450 content or on heme oxygenase activity in liver. The time course of response to a single dose of T3 (50 micrograms/100 g of body weight) revealed that both basal and cobalt heme-induced heme oxygenase activity peaked at 48 hr and that cytochrome P-450 content declined to approximately equal to 40% of controls at 96 hr. Examination of microsomal proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after T3 treatment disclosed that major bands in the Mr approximately equal to 50,000-55,000 region were diminished. The administration of T3 together with SKF-525A, a compound known to complex with the heme prosthetic group of cytochrome P-450, resulted in partial preservation of these proteins. These data indicate that thyroid hormone can regulate heme oxygenase activity and concomitantly can lower cytochrome P-450 content in liver. The hormone also can act in a synergistic fashion to enhance the response of hepatic heme oxygenase to a chemical inducer of the enzyme. Thyroid status thus may be a potentially significant determinant of the rate of heme oxidation in the liver. PMID- 6961432 TI - Interactions of aspirin and other potential etiologic factors in an animal model of Reye syndrome. AB - Recent studies of Reye syndrome (RS) patients have suggested aspirin treatment as a possible factor in the etiology of this often fatal childhood disorder. the relationship of aspirin treatment to other factors that have been strongly implicated (influenza, ammonia toxicity) cannot be examined directly in patients because aspirin treatment is usually initiated by family members in the prodromal period before RS is diagnosed. In this report we describe the use of an animal model for RS in examining the interactions of these several potential etiological factors. Hyperammonemia and coma were produced in young male ferrets by a brief feeding of an arginine-deficient diet. The effects of influenza infection or aspirin treatment (or both) of control and hyperammonemic ferrets on their serum levels of ammonia, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT;L-aspartate:2 oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT; carbamoylphosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3), bilirubin, and salicylate were studied. Liver levels of lipids, proteins, and several urea-cycle enzymes were also determined in the comatose ferrets and compared with those of untreated controls and of controls treated with influenza or aspirin, or both. Synergism of these three factors (hyperammonemia, influenza infection, and aspirin treatment) in causing RS-like alterations in these parameters was observed. PMID- 6961434 TI - Internal dialysis of Limulus ventral photoreceptors. AB - The internal dialysis technique has been applied to Limulus ventral photoreceptors. This method potentially allows quantitative control of the concentration of diffusible molecules within living cells. During dialysis, Limulus photoreceptors retained their ability to respond to light. Under conditions of dim illumination, responses were normal for close to an hour. In bright light, abnormalities developed more rapidly. The reversible effects of raising the dialysate Mg2+ concentration and the entrance of rhodamine-labeled albumin into cells shows that the dialysis method is useful for assaying the effects of small or large molecules on visual transduction. This method has been used to examine the effects of nucleotide triphosphates and cyclic nucleotides. The results show that nucleotide triphosphates (5-10 mM) are required to maintain a low rate of spontaneous quantum bumps. The importance of cyclic nucleotides in transduction is less clear; the light response was reduced by either cGMP or cAMP but only at very high concentrations (10 mM). PMID- 6961433 TI - Quantitative determination of dopamine receptor subtypes not linked to activation of adenylate cyclase in rat striatum. AB - The binding of [3H]domperidone and [3H]spiroperidol was examined in membranes prepared from rat striatum. Scatchard analysis of the binding of [3H]domperidone resulted in curvilinear plots consistent with the presence of multiple classes of binding sites. Nonlinear regression analysis of untransformed data showed that the curvature was best explained by the presence of two populations of binding sites. Scatchard plots of the binding of [3H]spiroperidol were linear, suggesting that this radioligand binds to a single class of receptors. However, results obtained in studies of the inhibition of [3H]spiroperidol binding by a number of competing ligands were not consistent with the interaction of these agents with a single class of binding sites. Computer-assisted analysis of the Hofstee plots of six competing ligands gave the same relative proportion for two classes of sites as determined by analysis of the binding of [3H]domperidone. The two classes of receptors labeled with [3H]spiroperidol had affinities for domperidone that were similar to those of the two populations of binding sites for [3H]domperidone. Furthermore, the number of binding sites for [3H]spiroperidol was equal to the total number of binding sites for [3H]domperidone. These findings suggest that the two radioligands bind to the same two classes of binding sites. It is unlikely that either of the two classes of striatal sites are receptors for serotonin. The approach described will make it possible to assess the effects of physiological or pharmacological manipulations on the densities or properties of subtypes of dopamine receptors. PMID- 6961435 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the "brain specific" proteins 14-3-2 and S-100. AB - We have raised mouse hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies against bovine brain-specific proteins 14-3-2 and S-100, and we have characterized the antibodies by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods in sections and in tissue cultures of rat brain. One monoclonal antibody to 14-3-2 (E8.F9) has been found to react strongly with bovine 14-3-2 and with rat neuron-specific enolase in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and to react weakly with rat nonneuronal enolase. This pattern of specificity is reflected in strong neuronal labeling and occasional weak glial labeling in immunocytochemical preparations. After appropriate tissue fixation, E8.F9 could be shown to be localized primarily to the cytoplasm of neurons; with less adequate fixation nuclear labeling was also seen. A monoclonal antibody to the calcium binding protein S-100 (G12.B8) reacted strongly with bovine S-100 in an ELISA and with the major protein bands in electrophoretically separated S-100. In immunocytochemical preparations G12.B8 labeled the cytoplasm of astrocytes. Both antibodies are of the IgG1 subclass. Because of its specificity, the antibody against the S-100 protein promises to be useful as an immunological marker for astrocytes in the adult animal and in mature tissue cultures of brain cells. Although it has been thought that the generally low levels and relatively late appearance of S-100 during ontogeny may restrict its usefulness as a marker for developing astrocytes, preliminary immunocytochemical evidence indicates that G12.B8 selectively labels radial glial cells and astrocytes or astrocyte precursors as early as, or even earlier than, antibodies against the glial fibrillary acidic protein. The antibody against neuron-specific enolase is likely to be of limited use as a neuronal marker because of its crossreactivity with nonneuronal enolase. PMID- 6961436 TI - Biochemical studies of taste sensation: monoclonal antibody against L-alanine binding activity of catfish taste epithelium. AB - The L-alanine taste receptors of the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus provide a useful biochemical model for studying taste receptor mechanisms. Mouse hybridomas that synthesize monoclonal antibodies have been produced. The antigen used to activate mouse spleen cells was the plasma membrane fraction obtained from the taste receptor-containing epithelium of the channel catfish. The spleen cells were fused with myeloma cells, Sp2/0-Ag14, to form hybridomas. To demonstrate inhibition of ligand binding by the product of these hybridomas, a catfish membrane fraction (fraction P2) was incubated with the antibody containing preparation prior to assaying for L-[3H]alanine binding activity. We thereby demonstrated inhibition of binding of the taste ligand L-alanine to fraction P2. This approach should prove useful in further studies of receptor binding and transduction events in taste receptors. PMID- 6961437 TI - Characterization of the mRNA and cloned cDNA specifying the third component of mouse complement. AB - Eighteen cDNA clones containing inserts specific for the third component of complement (C3) have been derived from high molecular weight mouse liver mRNA. The inserts span 4,600 nucleotides of the C3 coding sequence, including the 3' end of C3 mRNA. The length of C3 mRNA was determined to be 5,100 +/- 200 nucleotides, including a poly(A)-containing tail of mean length 170 nucleotides. From cDNA sequence analysis of the 5'-proximal region of C3 mRNA, the NH2 terminal amino acid sequence of the mature C3 beta chain was predicted to be Ile Pro-Met-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Ile-Thr-Pro-Asn-Val-Leu-Arg-Leu-Glu. This sequence is in good agreement with the reported amino acid sequences of human and guinea pig C3 beta chains. These data position the C3 beta subunit to the NH2-terminal portion of the precursor C3 molecule (pro-C3) and establish the order of subunits in pro-C3 to be NH2-beta-alpha-COOH. In addition, the cDNA sequence indicates that an NH2 terminal extension peptide precedes the beta chain in pro-C3. The amino acid sequence of the mouse C3a fragment and its flanking regions was determined. The data indicate the presence of four arginine residues located between the COOH terminus of the C3 beta and the NH2 terminus of the C3 alpha subunits in pro-C3. The coding sequences of the amino acids that constitute the internal thioester domain in C3 were determined. Unexpectedly, the glutamyl residue that has been shown to participate in the thioester bond in native C3 was found to be encoded as a glutamine. PMID- 6961438 TI - Human copper-containing superoxide dismutase of high molecular weight. AB - A superoxide dismutase (superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1), distinct from previously known superoxide dismutases, has been isolated from human lung tissue. It is probably of the same nature as a previously demonstrated high molecular weight superoxide dismutating factor in human extracellular fluids. The enzyme has a molecular weight around 135,000 and is composed of four equal noncovalently bound subunits. Each molecule appears to have four copper atoms. No iron or manganese was found in the enzyme. Cyanide inhibits the enzyme efficiently. The enzyme brings about a first-order dismutation of the superoxide radical, the rate constant for the catalyzed reaction being about 1 X 10(9) M-1 s 1 per copper atom. The enzyme has hydrophobic properties. Affinity for various lectins indicates the presence of carbohydrate. Upon chromatography on heparin Sepharose it is divided into three fractions, one with no, one with weak, and one with strong affinity for heparin. PMID- 6961439 TI - Cloning the double-stranded RNA genes of reovirus: sequence of the cloned S2 gene. AB - The genes of the Dearing strain of reovirus serotype 3, which consist of double stranded RNA, have been cloned into pBR322 by tailing both strands of each gene with poly(A), transcribing them with reverse transcriptase, self-hybridizing the cognate plus and minus cDNA strands, incubating them with Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I to ensure that they are complete, and cloning the double-stranded cDNA molecules by standard procedures. The sequence of the cloned S2 gene has been determined. The sequence at the termini are exactly the same as those at the ends of the native double-stranded RNA gene. The gene is 1,329 nucleotides long and possesses a single long open reading frame that starts at the first initiation codon (residue 19) and extends for 331 codons, sufficient to encode a protein of the same size as the known S2 gene product, protein sigma 2, a major reovirus core component (Mr, 38,000). A second open reading frame of 85 codons, in a different phase, starts close to where the first ends. The protein translated from this reading frame is unknown. PMID- 6961440 TI - Combination of rat lutropin subunits occurs early in the secretory pathway. AB - The combination of lutropin (LH; luteinizing hormone) alpha and beta subunits was examined in rat pituitaries incubated with [35S]methionine or [35S]sulfate. Combination was assessed by using antiserum directed against the beta subunit. The data show that combination of most of the subunits proceeds rapidly, well before the addition of sulfate and prior to the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides to the complex form. Thus, combination appears to initiate in the endoplasmic reticulum and does not require those post-translational modifications. We observed that two forms of the LH-alpha subunit were processed- one that is secreted into the medium not associated with the LH beta subunit and another secreted as part of the alpha-beta dimer. Both forms of the alpha subunit are sulfated, and the data suggest that subsequent to sulfate addition, secretion of free alpha subunit and the dimer occur independently by separate pathways. PMID- 6961441 TI - Development and characterization of a tissue culture cell line with essential fatty acid deficiency. AB - We have developed an essential fatty acid-deficient cell line from a parental cell line, HSDM1C1, which metabolizes arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This cell line, designated EFD-1, is depleted of arachidonate, is unable to synthesize PGE2 in response to bradykinin, and has changes in fatty acid composition characteristic of tissues from animals with essential fatty acid deficiency. Within 15 min of repletion by arachidonate, the ability to synthesize PGE2 is restored. Linoleate also is able to restore PGE2 synthesis, indicating that deficient cells contain both the rate-limiting delta 6 desaturase enzyme and the delta 5 desaturase enzyme, which are required to form arachidonate. When parental cells are incubated in lipid-free medium, there is rapid induction of the ability to convert linoleate to arachidonate. Arachidonate prevents this induction, suggesting that icosanoid precursor availability controls the rate of arachidonate formation. PMID- 6961442 TI - Purification and biochemical properties of tumor-associated transplantation antigens from methylcholanthrene-induced murine sarcomas. AB - A tumor-associated transplantation antigen with an apparent molecular weight of 75,000 has been isolated from the cytosol of the BALB/c methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma, Meth A. The antigen was purified either by preparative electrophoresis in the presence of NaDodSO4 or by immunoaffinity chromatography after hexylamine agarose chromatography, gel filtration, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The 75-kilodalton (kDal) protein prepared by either of these methods effectively primed BALB/c mice to reject the Meth A tumor; such priming provided no protection against challenge by other independently derived sarcomas of BALB/c origin. A second protein, also 75 kDal, was isolated from the cytosol of the recently derived methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma CI-4 by essentially the same chromatographic scheme. This protein also was immunogenic in the tumor rejection assay and provided protection only against CI-4 challenge. The antigens purified from the Meth A and CI-4 sarcomas appear to be closely related proteins. Both of them can be purified from the cytosol fraction and can be recognized by a rabbit antiserum prepared against the Meth A 75-kDal protein. The two proteins have approximately the same molecular weight, have similar but not identical amino acid compositions, and differ in their chromatographic behavior on hexylamine agarose and hydroxylapatite as well as in their isoelectric points. These results indicate that the individually specific transplantation antigens found in chemically induced sarcomas may be the products of a single multigene family or somatic derivatives of a single gene. PMID- 6961443 TI - Collagen structural microheterogeneity and a possible role for glycosylated hydroxylysine in type I collagen. AB - A three-chained peptide from type I collagen, crosslinked by hydroxyaldolhistidine, has been isolated from a tryptic digest of 5 M guanidine.HCl-insoluble bovine skin collagen (a small but as yet unknown percentage of the total collagen in whole skin). OsO(4)/NaIO(4) specifically cleaved the crosslink at its double bond into a two-chained crosslink peptide and a single peptide. The sequence of the two-chained peptide containing the bifunctional crosslink was determined after amino acid analysis of the separated peptides. The crosslink consists of an aldehyde derived from hydroxylysine-87 in the aldehyde-containing cyanogen bromide fragment alpha1CB5(ald) and an aldehyde derived from the lysine in the COOH-terminal nonhelical region of the alpha1CB6(ald) fragment. The alpha1CB6(ald) portion of the peptide exhibited structural microheterogeneity, containing the inverted sequence Ala-Lys-His instead of the normal sequence Lys-Ala-His. This indicates that another structural gene exists for alpha1(I) chain. The original three-chained peptide did not contain any glycosylated hydroxylysine or glycosylated hydroxyaldolhistidine. The lack of glycosylation of hydroxylysine-87 in alpha1CB5, which is usually glycosylated, allowed formation of the aldehyde, and this, coupled with the sequence inversion, may have allowed formation of the nonreducible crosslink hydroxyaldolhistidine. We suggest that the role of glycosylation, a posttranslational modification, of specific hydroxylysine residues is to prevent their oxidative deamination to aldehydes, thereby precluding formation of complex stable crosslinks. Complex crosslinks would decrease the rate of collagen turnover. The decrease, with time, would increase the population of stable crosslinked collagen molecules, which would eventually accumulate with age. PMID- 6961444 TI - Molecular cloning of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase and evidence for regulation of its mRNA. AB - A recombinant plasmid containing a 1.2-kilobase cDNA for 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from UT-1 cells, a clone of Chinese hamster ovary cells that has markedly elevated reductase activity. This plasmid, designated pRed-10, was identified by differential colony hybridization and hybrid-selected mRNA translation. The mRNA that hybridized to pRed-10 directed the synthesis in vitro of a 90,000-dalton protein that was immunoprecipitated by an antireductase antibody. The same 90,000 dalton protein was immunoprecipitated when UT-1 cells were pulse labeled with [35S]methionine in vivo and rapidly solubilized with boiling NaDodSO4. By blot hybridization, pRed-10 hybridized to mRNAs of 4.2 and 4.7 kilobases in UT-1 cells. Both mRNAs were reduced to undetectable levels when low density lipoprotein, a suppressor of the reductase, was present in the culture medium. These data indicate that the primary translation product of reductase mRNA is a 90,000-dalton protein and that LDL suppresses the reductase in UT-1 cells by drastically reducing the level of its mRNA. PMID- 6961445 TI - Cytochalasins inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism in thrombin-stimulated platelets. AB - Low concentrations (0.5-1 microM) of cytochalasins inhibit the thrombin stimulated polymerization of monomeric actin to filamentous actin in platelets. Similar concentrations of cytochalasin B inhibit the formation and metabolism of arachidonic acid in horse platelets stimulated by low concentrations of thrombin (0.1-0.5 unit/ml). However, the release of serotonin is not inhibited by cytochalasin B. Cytochalasins B and D (0.5-1 microM) markedly reduce, in thrombin stimulated human or horse platelets, the metabolism of the liberated arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase activity to thromboxane B2 and 12-hydroxy-5,8,10 heptadecatrienoic acid and the conversion of arachidonic acid by lipoxygenase activity to 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-icosatetraenoic acid. The generation of arachidonic acid from platelet phospholipids and the formation of phosphatidic acid are much less affected by cytochalasin B or D. Cytochalasins do not directly inhibit platelet cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, phospholipase A2, or phosphatidyl inositol-specific phospholipase C. In addition, the metabolism of exogenously added arachidonic acid by intact platelets is not inhibited by cytochalasins B and D. The results indicate that polymerization of actin in platelets stimulated by thrombin may be required for the effective metabolism of arachidonic acid released from platelet phospholipids. PMID- 6961446 TI - Semisynthesis of sperm whale myoglobin by fragment condensation. AB - Reconstruction of the sperm whale myoglobin structure was accomplished by a series of aqueous condensations of suitably protected synthetic myoglobin fragments to a large fragment prepared from the native protein. Reaction of N alpha,N epsilon 19-acetimidomyoglobin with 3-bromo-2-(2 nitrophenylsulfenyl)skatole (BNPS-skatole) yielded the fragment corresponding to residues 15-153. The covalent structure was reformed by sequential coupling of the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of o-nitrophenylsulfenyl-L-tryptophan (residue 14) and selectively protected peptides corresponding to residues 1-5 and 6-13, which were synthesized by the solid-phase method and removed from the resin by methoxide-catalyzed methanolysis. A mixed aqueous solvent system containing methanol and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine/trifluoroacetic acid buffer (Quadrol) solubilized the peptide and protein fragments during the condensations. Replacement of the heme moiety and immunoaffinity chromatography made possible the isolation and purification of the reconstructed native molecule. The development of this nondestructive synthetic procedure allows investigation of the structural and functional significance of individual residues by isotopic enrichment or selective amino acid substitutions. PMID- 6961447 TI - Effects of small doses of cytochalasins on fibroblasts: preferential changes of active edges and focal contacts. AB - The effects of low doses of cytochalasin B (2 micrograms/ml) and cytochalasin D (0.2 microgram/ml) on the spreading of normal mouse fibroblasts in culture were investigated to find out which components of cell-substrate interactions are most sensitive to alterations of the state of actin cytoskeleton. Cytochalasin B disorganized the cortical layer of actin microfilaments and caused partial or complete disappearance of microfilament bundles; focal contacts with the substrate seen by interference-reflection microscopy also disappeared. Diffuse close contacts were apparently insensitive to cytochalasin B. Low doses of cytochalasin B did not inhibit the outgrowth and maintenance of lamellas at the cell periphery. However, in contrast to controls, these lamellas had no distal zones with convex outer edges and ruffles at the upper surfaces. The disappearance of these ruffling active edges was accompanied by loss of the ability to clear the surface of the lamellas from the concanavalin A receptors crosslinked by the corresponding ligand. The effects of cytochalasin D were similar to those of cytochalasin B. Thus, ruffling active edges and focal contacts can be regarded as specialized parts of lamellas with increased sensitivity to cytochalasins; the presence of ruffling active edges is essential for the initiation of centripetal movement of the patches of crosslinked surface receptors. PMID- 6961449 TI - Isolation of a nonmitogenic angiogenesis factor from wound fluid. AB - Angiogenesis, or new capillary growth, is essential to normal growth and wound healing. It is also active in several pathologic states, including the growth of malignant tumors. An extracellular, nonneoplastic angiogenesis factor has been isolated from cell-free rabbit wound fluid by pore-limit dialysis and chromatography on a size-exclusion HPLC column. The isolated angiogenesis factor was purified 9,600-fold with a yield of 81% and has a molecular weight between 2,000 and 14,000. Wound fluid angiogenesis factor was completely separated from the mitogenic activity of wound fluid; it did not increase the number of capillary endothelial cells in vitro or stimulate [3H]thymidine uptake by these cells. The isolated angiogenesis factor stimulated endothelial cell migration in vitro, and less than 200 ng of the factor stimulated angiogenesis in vivo in the corneal implant assay. PMID- 6961448 TI - Malignant transformation induced by incorporated radionuclides in BALB/3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts. AB - The induction of lethality and malignant transformation by 5 [125I]iododeoxyuridine and [3H]thymidine incorporated into cellular DNA and by x irradiation was studied in vitro in BALB/3T3 cells. Under these conditions, 125I radiation is highly localized to small regions of the DNA at the site of each decay and produces DNA double-strand breaks with high efficiency. Incorporated 125I was found to be 12-16 times as lethal per decay as incorporated 3H. For the induction of malignant transformation, however, 125I was approximately 25 times as effective per decay as 3H. When the frequencies of transformation induced at various levels of survival by 125I, 3H, and x-rays were compared, lethality was found to correlate closely with transformation at doses that yielded significant cell killing. An exception occurred at low doses, where 125I appeared much more efficient than x-irradiation in inducing transformation; transformation frequencies equal to those induced by 3-5 Gy of x-rays resulted from 125I exposures that yielded little or no cell killing. PMID- 6961450 TI - Na+/H+ antiport in Swiss 3T3 cells: mitogenic stimulation leads to cytoplasmic alkalinization. AB - Addition of Na+ to Na+-depleted Swiss 3T3 cells causes a rapid and dramatic increase in intracellular pH, as monitored by uptake of the weak acid 5,5 dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione. The effect of Na+ is concentration dependent (half maximal effect at 38 mM); this cation can be replaced by Li+ but not by K+ or the choline ion. Amiloride prevents the Na+-induced increase in intracellular pH and also blocks the entry of Na+ into 3T3 cells; the half-maximal concentrations of amiloride for inhibiting the two processes are similar (40 microM). Increase in extracellular pH caused an increase in the initial rate of Na+ influx that was of sufficient magnitude to stimulate the activity of the Na+/K+ pump in quiescent 3T3 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest the presence of a functional Na+/H+ antiport in Swiss 3T3 cells. Addition of the potent mitogenic combination platelet-derived growth factor, vasopressin, and insulin to quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells increased the intracellular pH from 7.21 +/- 0.07 to 7.36 +/- 0.09 in 10 independent experiments (P less than 0.001). This combination of growth factors also stimulated Na+ entry and ouabain-sensitive Rb+ uptake. The data support the hypothesis that early changes in ion fluxes play a role in signaling mitogenesis in 3T3 cells. PMID- 6961451 TI - Genetic fine-structure mapping in human chromosome 11 by use of repetitive DNA sequences. AB - A method is described for mapping of the DNA fragments of a human chromosome produced by restriction enzyme treatment of the total DNA from a hybrid cell containing a single human chromosome. The method involves production and selection of somatic cell mutants containing deletions of the human chromosome and application of a hybridization probe consisting of an individual member copy of a repetitive human DNA family. A linear map has been constructed of 19 marker DNA fragments and 5 immunological and biochemical markers on human chromosome 11, selected as a model chromosome for these studies. This approach appears to be widely applicable, is independent of cytogenetic analysis, promises to be capable of revealing the existence of rearrangements as well as deletions, appears to be amenable to further increase in resolving power, and offers potential application in various human genetic problems. PMID- 6961453 TI - Human c-myc onc gene is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated in Burkitt lymphoma cells. AB - Human sequences related to the transforming gene (v-myc) of avian myelocytomatosis virus (MC29) are represented by at least one gene and several related sequences that may represent pseudogenes. By using a DNA probe that is specific for the complete gene (c-myc), different somatic cell hybrids possessing varying numbers of human chromosomes were analyzed by the Southern blotting technique. The results indicate that the human c-myc gene is located on chromosome 8. The analysis of hybrids between rodent cells and human Burkitt lymphoma cells, which carry a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14, allowed the mapping of the human c-myc gene on region (q24 leads to qter) of chromosome 8. This chromosomal region is translocated to either human chromosome 2, 14, or 22 in Burkitt lymphoma cells. PMID- 6961452 TI - Cloned ural locus of Schizosaccharomyces pombe propagates autonomously in this yeast assuming a polymeric form. AB - DNA segments cloned from Schizosaccharomyces pombe by the ability to complement Escherichia coli pyrB mutations are shown to complement a ural mutation in S. pombe, thereby demonstrating that ural is the structural gene for aspartate transcarbamylase of S. pombe. Further, such segments combined with parts or all of pBR322 are shown to be capable of autonomous propagation in S. pombe. This suggests the existence of an autonomously replicating sequence (ars) in the vicinity of ural. Unlike the TRP1 segment cloned from Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Struhl, K., Stinchcomb, D. T., Scherer, S. & Davis, R. W. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 1035-1039], plasmids carrying the ural locus do not multiply as monomers but assume a polymeric form as large as a decamer to an icosamer in the yeast. Monomers are tandemly arranged in the polymer. Inversion of an inserted fragment or insertion of another segment into a competent plasmid greatly decreases the efficiency of such transformation, implying a role of the tertiary structure of the plasmids in the establishment of transformation of this kind. PMID- 6961454 TI - Chemosensory recognition of phenotypes determined by the Tla and H-2K regions of chromosome 17 of the mouse. AB - It is known that mice can distinguish the H-2 haplotypes of other mice by scent and that urine is a potent source of the characteristic odors governed by H-2. It now is shown that genetic disparity confined to the Qa:Tla region of chromosome 17, adjacent to H-2, is accompanied by distinctive urinary scents that can be distinguished by trained mice in a Y maze. This was confirmed by the transfer of training procedure in which mice trained to distinguish the urine of B6 mice from the urine of recombinant congeneic B6-Tlaa mice successfully distinguished the urines of Tlaa and Tlab homozygous F2 segregants of the cross B6 X B6-Tlaa in the absence of reward, including blind trials with coded urine samples. It also is shown that genetic disparity confined to the K end of H-2 is accompanied by distinctive urinary scents recognized in the Y maze. Thus, mice trained to distinguish the urines of B10 from B10.A congeneic mice successfully distinguished various combinations of B10, B10.A, and B10.A (2R, 3R, 5R, and 18R) recombinant congeneic mice representing genetic differences limited to the K end of H-2. It is suggested that the individual scents of mice comprise several odorous components, at least some of which may be incidental to quantitative or qualitative metabolic variations arising from polymorphism of genes such as H-2. PMID- 6961455 TI - HLA antigen structural gene mutants selected with an allospecific monoclonal antibody. AB - The HLA-A2 antigen-specific monoclonal antibody BB7.2 and complement were used to immunoselect mutants from an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized human B lymphoid cell line, T5-1. Surviving colonies were screened by radioimmune binding with BB7.2 and with a monospecific HLA-A2 alloantiserum, Stewart, and HLA antigens of selected clones were immunoprecipitated and studied by isoelectric focusing. Several classes of mutants could be distinguished: mutants that expressed no HLA A2 heavy chain; mutants that expressed an HLA-A2 heavy chain that was unable to associate with beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and was not expressed at the cell surface; mutants with reduced HLA-A2 heavy chain-beta 2m association and cell surface expression of HLA-A2 dimer with or without heavy chain charge alterations; mutants with normal HLA-A2 heavy chain-beta 2m association and normal quantitative cell surface HLA-A2 expression but with HLA-A2 heavy chain charge alterations; and mutants with as yet incompletely defined lesions. Mutants with altered cell surface HLA antigens were not found in previous selections with alloantisera and should be useful for epitope mapping and structure-function studies of HLA molecules. PMID- 6961456 TI - Two human c-onc genes are located on the long arm of chromosome 8. AB - We have used in situ chromosome hybridization techniques to map the human cellular counterparts (c-onc genes) of the transforming genes of two RNA tumor viruses on human meiotic pachytene and somatic metaphase chromosomes. We find that the human c-mos gene is located on chromosome 8 at a position corresponding to band 8q22 on the somatic map. The human c-myc gene is found on chromosome 8 at position 8q24. These regions on the long arm of chromosome 8 have been previously reported to be involved in specific translocations found in the M-2 subset of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias. Burkitt lymphoma, and other forms of non Hodgkin lymphoma, and a familial abnormality that predisposes to renal cell carcinoma. These results suggest that translocations of the human c-mos or c-myc genes may be causally related to neoplastic transformation. PMID- 6961457 TI - Quantitative karyotyping of human chromosomes by dual beam flow cytometry. AB - Dual beam flow cytometry of chromosomes stained with Hoechst 33258 and chromomycin A3 has been proposed as a method for quantitative classification of human chromosomes (bivariate flow karyotyping). In this paper we investigate the sources and magnitudes of variability in the mean fluorescence intensities of each chromosome group resolved in bivariate flow karyotypes and study the impact of this variability on chromosome classification. Replicate bivariate flow karyotypes of chromosomes isolated from lymphocytes from 10 individuals demonstrated that person-to-person variability was significantly greater than run to-run variability. The total variability was sufficiently small that it did not interfere with classification of normal chromosome types except chromosomes 9 through 12 and chromosomes 14 and 15. Furthermore, the variability was generally smaller than 1/600th of the mitotic genome, so that one-band rearrangements should be detectable in bivariate flow karyotypes. PMID- 6961458 TI - 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-inducible proteins are synthesized at an increased rate in Bloom syndrome fibroblasts. AB - A set of proteins, which in normal fibroblasts were barely, if at all, detectable, were synthesized at an increased rate in fibroblasts from patients with Bloom syndrome (BS). The same set of proteins was induced in normal human fibroblasts by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). In BS cells, TPA caused a further 2-fold increase in the rate of synthesis. Production of these proteins was inhibited by the addition of fluocinolone acetonide to the culture medium. One of the proteins (XHF1) present at high levels in BS fibroblasts and in TPA-treated cells was also induced by irradiation with ultraviolet light. This protein was secreted into the culture medium. Most other TPA-inducible proteins were cytoplasmic. Among other human mutants prone to chromosome aberrations we found one of three tested cases of Fanconi anemia and one case of ataxia-telangiectasia that showed increased spontaneous rates of synthesis of the TPA-inducible proteins. In these cases, however, the induction by TPA was like that seen in healthy fibroblasts. PMID- 6961459 TI - Event-related brain potentials are different in individuals at high and low risk for developing alcoholism. AB - Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) from normal drinkers with and without a family history of alcoholism were compared. Three separate groups of 10 subjects each (5 with and 5 without a family history of alcoholism) ingested either a placebo or ethanol at 0.56 or 0.94 g/kg. In each comparison, ERP components elicited in conjunction with subjects' decisions about task-relevant stimuli were of significantly reduced amplitude in individuals with a family history of alcoholism. Additionally, both the latency of the positive component and reaction times to correctly detected targets were significantly later in individuals with a positive history of alcoholism than in those without such a history. These group differences were apparent both with and without a challenge of alcohol. The data suggest that brain functions are different in individuals at high and low risk for the development of alcoholism (i.e., those with and without a family history of alcoholism, respectively). PMID- 6961460 TI - alpha-latrotoxin of black widow spider venom depolarizes the plasma membrane, induces massive calcium influx, and stimulates transmitter release in guinea pig brain synaptosomes. AB - The effect of alpha-latrotoxin from black widow spider venom upon guinea pig cerebral cortical synaptosomes is described. Plasma membrane potential (delta psi p), in situ mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi m), Ca2+ transport, gamma amino[3H]butyrate release, [3H]noradrenaline release, and synaptosomal ATP were monitored under parallel conditions. Potentials were determined both isotopically and with a tetraphenylphosphonium-selective electrode. alpha-Latrotoxin depolarizes delta psi p selectively, both in the presence and absence of Ca2+. A slight toxin-induced depolarization of delta psi m is a consequence of a massive Ca2+ uptake across the plasma membrane. Depolarization of delta psi p is insensitive to tetrodotoxin, and Ca2+ entry is only partially inhibited by verapamil. Release of [3H]noradrenaline and gamma-amino[3H]butyrate is markedly stimulated by the toxin in the presence of Ca2+, and this effect is only slightly reduced in Ca2+-free conditions. PMID- 6961461 TI - Evidence for multiple effects of vitamin D3 on calcium absorption: response of rachitic chicks, with or without partial vitamin D3 repletion, to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - The effects of vitamin D3 or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], or both, on the relationship among calcium absorption, vitamin D-induced calcium-binding protein (CaBP), and phospholipid metabolism were examined. When 1,25(OH)2D3 was injected intracardially into D3-deficient chicks, both the stimulation of calcium absorption and the induction of the synthesis of CaBP occurred 2-4 hr later. When 1,25(OH)2D3 was injected into chicks partially repleted with D3, an earlier increase in calcium absorption was observed without a significant change in the concentration of CaBP already present in the duodenal mucosa. Other early events were an increased uptake of calcium by the intestinal tissue and an alteration in phospholipid metabolism. These and other observations support the proposal that at least two phases of calcium absorption are influenced by 1,25(OH)2D3- permeation of calcium across the brush border, and transfer of calcium through and out of the cell. The first phase responds more rapidly to 1,25(OH)2D3 than does the second phase, correlates with changes in phospholipid metabolism, and might not be dependent on de novo protein synthesis. The second phase correlates with CaBP synthesis and therefore is dependent on protein synthesis. Either the first phase or the second phase can constitute the limiting step in calcium absorption. PMID- 6961462 TI - Regulation of intracellular pH by human peripheral blood lymphocytes as measured by 19F NMR. AB - We have measured the intracellular pH of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by means of high-resolution 19F NMR spectroscopy using D,L-2-amino-3,3-difluoro-2 methylpropanoic acid (F2MeAla) as a probe. Lymphocytes readily took up the methyl ester of F2MeAla, and endogenous esterase hydrolyzed the ester to the free amino acid inside the cell. This alpha-methyl amino acid is not metabolized by the cell, and its 19F NMR spectrum exhibits large pH-dependent shifts as the alpha amino group is protonated. The size of the 19F shifts, the high sensitivity of 19F NMR, and the favorable pKa of the alpha-amino group of F2MeAla (pKa = 7.3) allowed us to measure intracellular pH of lymphocytes at 25-30 degrees C with approximately 5-min acquisition times. Measurements at various external pH values demonstrated that human peripheral blood lymphocytes regulate their internal pH, a process requiring expenditure of metabolic energy. In the pH range between 6.8 and 7.4, lymphocytes maintain a constant internal pH of 7.17 +/- 0.06 pH unit. Outside this range, intracellular pH changes with extracellular pH. The accuracy of this 19F pH probe has been confirmed by independent measurements of intracellular pH using equilibrium distributions of 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4 dione. PMID- 6961464 TI - Postnatal growth of bone: a perspective of current trends, new approaches, and innovations. PMID- 6961463 TI - Peptaibol antibiotics: a study on the helical structure of the 2-9 sequence of emerimicins III and IV. AB - Solution conformations of the protected 2-9 segment of the peptaibol antibiotics emerimicins III and IV [alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib)]3-L-Val-Gly-L-Leu-(Aib)2 and the related short sequences benzyloxy-(Aib)3-L-Val-OMe and benzyloxy-(Aib)3-L Val-Gly-OMe have been investigated by circular dichroism studies. For the latter two compounds the structural preferences in the solid state have been assayed by x-ray diffraction analyses. The experimental data described here, along with those previously reported, support the view that the shortest Aib-containing segments (from tri- through pentapeptides) adopt the 3(10)-helical structure both in solution and in the solid state. In contrast, the octapeptide appears to adopt the alpha-helical structure in solution. The role of peptide chain length and specific amino acid sequences in stabilizing either of the two helical structures and hence their possible implications on the nature of the channel formed by peptaibol antibiotics in the membrane are also briefly outlined. PMID- 6961465 TI - Intravaginal prostaglandin E1 increases vaginal blood flow. AB - We investigated the possibility that PGE1, at approximately the minimal seminal plasma concentration reported to be associated with human fertility (3), placed in the vaginas of female dogs might produce local vasodilation and thereby increase vaginal blood flow. Fifteen micrograms of PGE1 in 1 ml, 38 degrees C saline increased vaginal blood flow 2.5 times (0.27 +/- 0.10 to 0.67 +/- 0.10 ml/g X min) as compared to control (1 ml, 38 degrees C saline, intravaginally) without altering arterial pressure, hepatic blood flow, or renal blood flow. We conclude that seminal fluid PGE1 can produce vaginal vasodilation. The role of seminal fluid PG induced increases in vaginal blood flow upon reproductive success, if any, is entirely speculative. PMID- 6961466 TI - Urinary prostaglandins and seminal fluid contamination. PMID- 6961467 TI - Inverse relationship between linoleic acid in serum and in adipose tissue of patients with essential hypertension. AB - In patients with labile essential hypertension without and with overweight as well as in normotensive controls the fatty acid pattern of serum triglycerides and subcutaneous adipose tissue was estimated by gas liquid chromatography. In serum triglycerides of hypertensives linoleic acid was increased but appeared decreased in depot fat. This inverse relationship could not be found for arachidonic acid. Correspondingly, the C 18:2/C 20:4-ratio was higher in serum triglycerides than in adipose tissue. Only in depot fat of overweight hypertensives the percentage of arachidonic acid was decreased when compared to subjects with normal body weight. Linolenic acid remained unchanged in serum triglycerides but decreased significantly in adipose tissue of hypertensive patients. Eicosapentaenoic acid was increased in serum triglycerides and depot fat of patients with essential hypertension of normal body weight. The results are discussed with respect to the possible pathogenesis of essential hypertension and the hypotensive potency of dietary linoleic acid which has been described in patients with high blood pressure. PMID- 6961468 TI - Reduced levels of prostaglandin precursors in the blood of atopic patients: defective delta-6-desaturase function as a biochemical basis for atopy. AB - In the plasma phospholipids of a group of 50 young adults with atopic eczema, there was an elevation of cis-linoleic acid associated with a deficit of gamma linolenic acid and of the prostaglandin precursors, dihomogammalinolenic acid and arachidonic acid. This suggests that atopics have a deficit in the function of the delta-6-desaturase enzyme which converts linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid. Carriers of cystic fibrosis tend to be phenotypically atopic, supporting previous suggestions that in homozygote cystic fibrosis patients the key defect may be in the delta-6-desaturase enzyme. Atopic patients may be exceptionally sensitive to side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. They fail to flush in response to application of niacin compounds to the skin, a reaction mediated by prostaglandins. A deficit of prostaglandin precursors would explain both of these observations. That the observed biochemical deficit plays a causative role in the manifestations of atopy was indicated by the fact that in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, gamma-linolenic acid in the form of evening primrose oil (Efamol), partially corrected both the biochemical abnormalities and the clinical state. PMID- 6961469 TI - Energetics of DNA repair in UV-irradiated peripheral blood leukocytes from chronic myeloid leukaemia patients. PMID- 6961470 TI - [Case of Gilles de la Tourette's disease in the light of 17-year follow-up]. PMID- 6961471 TI - The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. AB - Psychometric and clinical correlates of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) are described for a large sample of female anorexia nervosa (N = 160) and female comparison (N = 140) subjects. An abbreviated 26-item version of the EAT (EAT-26) is proposed, based on a factor analysis of the original scale (EAT-40). The EAT 26 is highly correlated with the EAT-40 (r = 0.98) and the three factors form subscales which are meaningfully related to bulimia, weight, body-image variables and psychological symptoms. Whereas there are no differences between bulimic and restricter anorexia nervosa patients on the total EAT-26 and EAT-40 scores, these groups do indicate significant differences on EAT-26 factors. Norms for the anorexia nervosa and female comparison subjects are presented for the EAT-26, EAT 40 and the EAT-26 factors. It is concluded that the EAT-26 is a reliable, valid and economical instrument which may be useful as an objective measure of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6961472 TI - Reproductive behaviour in the pig after autotransplantation of the ovary by vascular anastomoses. AB - Orthotopic autotransplantation of the left ovary with vascular anastomoses to the aorta and vena cava on the right side of the abdomen of a gilt, in which the right ovary had been removed, was followed by normal cyclic activity of the transplanted ovary and the successful establishment, maintenance and completion of pregnancies of normal gestational length, with apparently normal lactation. Heterotopic autotransplantation of the left ovary with vascular anastomoses to major vessels in the neck in two sows, in which the other ovary had been removed, was also followed by cyclic ovarian activity of normal length with normal sexual behaviour. The observations suggest that, in the pig, the uterine luteolysin is capable of acting by a vascular route independent of local connexions. PMID- 6961473 TI - Myofacial pain-dysfunction syndrome: analysis of 164 cases. PMID- 6961474 TI - Microbiologically modulated periodontal therapeutics: an introduction. PMID- 6961475 TI - The effects of dental abnormalities on speech production. PMID- 6961476 TI - Collagen synthesis inhibition by PGE2 within the human follicular wall--one possible mechanism underlying ovulation. AB - Follicular wall specimens were taken from various parts of human preovulatory follicles as well as from less developed follicles. The tunica albuginea was isolated and incubated for 2 h in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 3H proline in the presence or absence of PGE2 (0.1 microgram/ml). Following incubation the incorporated radioactivity was determined and related to the protein content of each strip. PGE2 had a specific effect on the incorporation of 3H-proline into protein in the follicular wall. In the apical part of the preovulatory follicle a significantly decreased incorporation was registered, indicating a reduced net synthesis of collagen. However, PGE2 was without effect on specimens derived from the non-apical parts of the preovulatory follicles as well as from the less developed follicles. It is suggested that the registered biochemical changes induced by PGE2 are of importance for the process of human ovulation. PMID- 6961477 TI - Effects of intracervical PGE2-gel on myometrial activity and cervical state in first trimester pregnancy. AB - In 7 primigravidae admitted for first trimester abortion by dilatation and evacuation, 0.5 mg PGE2 in viscous gel (5 patients) or placebo gel (2 patients) was applied intracervically 6 hours prior to the operation. Throughout the treatment period intrauterine pressure was recorded. Application of placebo gel induced no cervical ripening or myometrial activation. In all patients receiving active gel, a marked improvement of the cervical state was induced by the treatment. In three cases, this priming occurred in parallel to minimal changes in myometrial activity, without regular uterine contractions. In two patients, marked uterine activation was registered due to partly extraamniotic application. It is suggested, that the PGE2-gel has a direct effect on the cervical tissues. Further, the risk of partially applying the gel in the extraamniotic space, thus stimulating the myometrium, depends on the gel volume relative to the dimensions of the cervical canal and the application technique. PMID- 6961478 TI - [Central nervous system involvement in various types of adult acute leukaemia]. PMID- 6961479 TI - Effect of induced hypothalamic hyperphagia and forced-feeding on organ weight and tissular development in Landes geese. AB - The effects of induced hypothalamic hyperphagia and forced-feeding were studied in 30 geese of the Landes breed. They were housed in individual cages under a dark-light cycle of 12 hrs light-12 hrs darkness. Eleven geese with ventromedian hypothalamic (VMH) lesions and 8 controls were fed ad libitum. A third lot of 11 force-fed animals was pair-fed with the operated geese. The study lasted 4 weeks after an adaptation period to the new environmental conditions. The daily food intake of the geese and their weekly liveweight gain were monitored. After VMH lesions, the mean food intake of the geese increased by 169 p. 100 so that after each treatment their liveweight increased and they became obese (P less than 0.001). The tissue distribution of the group with lesions showed a higher amount of subcutaneous fat (P less than 0.05), while the mesenteric fat (P less than 0.05) was more abundant after forced-feeding. The liver weight was much higher in all cases; its increment reached 311 p. 100 in geese with VMH lesions and 193 p. 100 in the force-fed. However, those values were too low when compared to the means obtained by traditional forced-feeding. Hyperphagia in the geese was very marked as compared to that in rats, but it was insufficient to produce a considerable hepatic steatosis. PMID- 6961480 TI - In vitro effect of a fish gonadotropin on aromatase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in the ovary of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.). AB - Aromatase activity has been studied in the rainbow trout ovary in a perifusion system. During early vitellogenesis, as in other stages of the annual cycle, the ovaries were capable of aromatizing androstenedione and testosterone. Aromatase activity increased from the postovulatory stages to exogenous vitellogenesis. When highly purified salmon glycoprotein maturational gonadotropin was added to the medium (50 ng/ml), the androstenedione/testosterone ratio was reduced by half. This indicates a stimulation of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity favourizing the formation of testosterone. At a concentration of 50, 150 or 300 ng/ml, the gonadotropin inhibited between 13 and 38 p. 100 of the aromatase enzymatic activity. PMID- 6961481 TI - [Efficacy of PGF2 alpha on milk ejection during the sexual cycle of the cow]. AB - After 30 days of lactation, 15 non-pregnant French Friesian cows were divided into groups A and B, balanced by the milk yield and lactation number of the cows. The 7 cows of group A were given a series of intrajugular prostaglandin F2 alpha (Upjohn Dinolytic) injections every morning, administered in increasing logarithmic doses (1, 4, 16, 64, 256, 1 024 micrograms). The aim of the experiment was to determine the minimal dose that would induce an increase in intramammary pressure (IMP) during the sexual cycle and milk let-down through a cannula in the teat cup. The 8 cows of group B were given a single injection of 256 micrograms of PGF2 alpha every morning to determine the changes during the sexual cycle in the response parameters of IMP (latency and amplitude) or of milk let-down (latency and collected volume) through a cannula. The following results were obtained: 1. The minimal dose of prostaglandin inducing milk let-down varied during the cycle; it was lower (1 to 16 micrograms) during the luteal phase (D4 to D12) than during the perioestral phase (256 to greater than 1 024 micrograms from D - 2 to D + 3) (figs. 2, 3). 2. During daily administration of the same dose (256 micrograms) of PGF2 alpha no response was obtained during the perioestral phase, while during the luteal phase; - maximal IMP deflection reached 12 to 14 mmHg (figs. 5, 6); - the volume of milk ejected was on an average higher than 3 liters per quarter (figs. 5, 6); - the latency time between injection and let down response was about 1.8 times shorter between D10 and D12 than between D4 and D5 (fig. 7). 3. The cyclic changes in the milk ejection parameters caused by PGF2 alpha were closely related to the plasma progesterone level (figs. 2, 3, 5, 6). The coefficients of correlation between the progesterone level and the - threshold dose: r = - 0.809** (group A), - volume of ejected milk: r = + 0.872*** (group B), - deflection amplitude: r = + 0.805*** (group B) were always significantly higher than the threshold of 0.001. Various hypotheses concerning the endocrine control of cyclic variations in milk let-down under the effect of PGF2 alpha are discussed. PMID- 6961482 TI - [Subgingival curretage]. PMID- 6961483 TI - [Treatment of gingival recession]. PMID- 6961484 TI - [The nature and mechanism of action of anti-caries vaccine]. PMID- 6961485 TI - [Radiographic examination of the anterior region of the maxilla]. PMID- 6961486 TI - [A case of a compound odontome]. PMID- 6961487 TI - [Injuries to the deciduous maxillary incisors and their consequences]. PMID- 6961488 TI - [Necrotizing sialometaplasia. Presentation of 2 cases and a review of the literature]. PMID- 6961490 TI - [Periapical lesions: granuloma or cyst?]. PMID- 6961489 TI - [The etiology of fissures of the lip and congenital palatal clefts]. PMID- 6961491 TI - Realism in health maintenance--part II. PMID- 6961492 TI - A primary lung cancer in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient. PMID- 6961494 TI - [High frequency respirator (MERA HFJO)]. PMID- 6961493 TI - [Perioperative management of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 6961495 TI - [Clinical ethics]. PMID- 6961496 TI - [Re-examination of the quality and economy of dental x-rays]. PMID- 6961497 TI - [Buccal hemangioma associated with phlebolith--a case report and review of the literature]. PMID- 6961498 TI - [Osteosarcomas]. PMID- 6961499 TI - [Maxillary dystrophy linked with antagonistic mandibular edentulousness]. PMID- 6961500 TI - [Critical study of the treatment of fractures of the mandible. Apropos of 1 year of activity at the Clinic of Maxillo-Facial Surgery in Lyon]. AB - The authors report findings on a series of 148 injured patients, seen in one year in the Clinic of Maxillo-Facial Surgery in Lyon. The minimum criterion of inclusion in the series was a hairline fracture. After undertaking both aetiological and anatomo-pathological studies they set out what they consider appropriate management of each type of fracture. This is followed by a detailed analysis of the outcome observed over a retrospective period of 1 to 2 years. They stress in conclusion the importance of adapting the treatment to the requirements of each case. Also they note the continued problem of how best to manage fractures of the condyles. PMID- 6961501 TI - [Sequestral osteitis with fracture of the mandibular angle occurring secondarily to the extraction of a wisdom tooth. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report on a case of sequestrated osteitis complicated by a fracture of the angle of the mandible, following the avulsion of a wisdom tooth in a 20 year old man. The treatment consisted of an intermaxillary fixation of the mandibular arche lasting 40 days accompanied by wide-spectrum antibiotic therapy for 15 days, until such time as the ESR and blood count values returned to normal. In three months resorbtion of the sequestrated necrotic bone and disappearance of the osteitic cavity was noted, all of which was indicative of a satisfactory result. From the aetiological point of view it was possible to confirm by way of a routine X-ray taken 5 days after the extraction that the lesions had developed of their own accord, thus eliminating surgery and trauma as causes. The problem of what causes maxillary osteitis remains, and in particular, the role played by local anaesthetics containing adrenaline. PMID- 6961502 TI - [Homografts of irradiated costal cartilage]. AB - Preserved irradiated homologous rib cartilage are not frequently used in spite of many publications confirming its value. A review of 62 cases with at least two years follow-up is presented confirming the absence of resorbtion or immunology response. Further more preserved irradiated rib cartilage has been used as replacement for bone grafts in a serie presented with illustrations of the stable results obtained. The change of behavior of homologous cartilage in human introduced by gamma irradiation would need to be investigated. PMID- 6961503 TI - [Neurocristopathic classification of dental abnormalities]. AB - The neural crest of the vertebrae provides the odontoblasts, which by migrating in the stomodeal epithelium induce in the latter the formation of predamantoblasts (enamel cell). The odontoblasts are then the point of departure of tissue interactions (ectodermal and neurectodermal) which characterise dental organogenesis. An analytical neurocristopathic classification of this organogenesis based upon the developmental properties of the odontoblast is suggested: --abnormalities of formation (anodontism, hypodontism); - abnormalities of migration (ectopism); --abnormalities of cell differentiation and multiplication (hypodontism, microdontism and macrodontism, disturbances in odontogenesis and their combinations, disturbances in amelogenesis). "No odontoblast, no tooth". The dental organ is an indicator of the developmental biological activity of the neural crest as well as its neurulation. Abnormalities in dental organogenesis are of predictive value in terms of other abnormalities of cephalogenesis, those related to the differentiation of the other cells of the neural crest (bone, muscle, cartilage) and those related to the neural tube with which they are territorialised: these are dysneurulations. This classification covers the clinical features of dental abnormalities seen in pediatric stomatology. PMID- 6961504 TI - [Do impacted teeth constitute points of biomechanical weakness in the mandible?]. PMID- 6961505 TI - Enzymatic studies on possible improvement of cytosine arabinoside treatment. AB - Initial phosphorylation and deamination of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and the natural metabolite deoxycytidine (CdR) were estimated in cell free extracts of leucocytes from patients with CML and controls. Phosphorylation of CdR had been increased while deamination of CdR in extracts of CML cells from peripheral blood had been decreased compared with normal leucocytes. Comparing the ratios between Ara-C and CdR phosphorylation it was revealed that these were twice as high in CML cells as in normal leucocytes, whereas no difference was found when comparing ratios between Ara-C and CdR deamination. From these discoveries it is proposed that Ara-C can be combined with CdR with advantage, because apparently CdR protects the normal cells more than the malignant ones. PMID- 6961506 TI - Transient reduction of Streptococcus mutans interdentally by chlorhexidine gel. AB - Chlorhexidine gel was applied interproximally with the intent to reduce Streptococcus mutans at these sites. Bacterial samples were obtained using toothpicks, which were inserted in each interproximal space and then immediately pressed against agar plates, selective for S. mutans. Duplicate bacterial samples of non-treated subjects showed that this method gave reproducible results. Using a split mouth technique, 10 subjects were exposed to short term chlorhexidine exposures of varied intensity. At the baseline sampling about 90% of the sites showed growth of S. mutans. One week after the chlorhexidine applications about 55% were infected. After 40 d S. mutans were back to about baseline levels except for the most intensively treated interproximals, which showed 75% infected sites. Thus, at many sites the reduction of S. mutans was only transient. Four subjects with more than 1 million S. mutans per ml saliva participated in a study where salivary and interproximal levels of S. mutans were compared after a rinsing period with chlorhexidine lasting for 2 weeks. The effect of the rinses varied individually, but it was noted that several interproximal spaces could be infected even if the saliva numbers did not reach detectable levels of S. mutans. PMID- 6961507 TI - Effect of a fluoride-containing varnish on Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva. AB - The effect of topical application of a fluoride-containing varnish, Duraphat, on the level of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and in dental plaque was investigated in schoolchildren. Samples of saliva and pooled buccal plaque were taken before varnish application and 4, 10 and 21 d after treatment. Fluoride varnish treatment with or without a preceding dental prophylaxis had no significant effect on the plaque and salivary levels of S. mutans. The findings suggest that the caries-reducing effect of fluoride varnish cannot be explained by an alteration of the incidence of S. mutans in dental plaque or in saliva. PMID- 6961508 TI - Effect on plaque formation and acidogenicity of stored aqueous solutions of stannous fluoride. PMID- 6961509 TI - Epidemiologic study of excessive oral melanin pigmentation with special reference to the influence of tobacco habits. AB - The prevalence of oral melanin pigmentation was studied in a population of 30 118 adult individuals in Sweden. Among these, 9.9% showed melanin pigmentation in the oral mucosa. The anterior labial gingiva in the mandible was the most frequently pigmented location. The presence of melanin pigmentation was positively correlated to tobacco smoking. Among tobacco smokers 21.5% were pigmented as compared to 3.0% among individuals not using tobacco. The smoking-related oral pigmentation, smokers' melanosis, could thus be calculated at a prevalence of 18.5% among smokers and the total frequency of smokers' melanosis was calculated at 6.8%. The prevalence of pigmentation was found to increase prominently during the first year of smoking but also to decrease to the level found among non tobacco users about 3 years after cessation of smoking. Snuff dipping did not significantly elevate the prevalence of oral melanin pigmentation. PMID- 6961510 TI - Salivary gland function and changes in patients with oral lichen planus. AB - Saliva analysis, sialography and histopathologic examination of labial salivary glands were performed on patients with oral lichen planus. Diseases connected with salivary gland function were also recorded. Saliva analysis regarding secretion rate, pH and buffer capacity in unstimulated and stimulated saliva was performed on 39 patients. 87% of the patients exhibited a low or very low unstimulated secretion rate, the mean value being 0.14 ml/min. The rate of stimulated saliva, pH and buffer capacity did not deviate from normal reference values. Sialographic examination was performed on 18 patients, corresponding to 36 major salivary glands. Radiologic changes were seen in 89% of the patients. Histopathologic examination was performed on 15 patients. Lymphocytic infiltration, acinar atrophy, fibrosis, fatty degeneration or ductal changes were observed in the minor glands of all patients. Different degrees of acinar atrophy were present in 93% of the patients. Lymphocytic infiltration was seen in 12 patients (80%) of whom three exhibited focal accumulation as in Sjogren's syndrome. Since decreased salivary secretion and symptoms of joint diseases and keratoconjunctivitis sicca were frequently present, over a third of the patients showed clinical signs comparable to those of Sjogren's syndrome. A high frequency of gastrointestinal and endocrine diseases was also recorded, which suggests that a general exo and endocrine influence may be present in patients with oral lichen planus. PMID- 6961511 TI - Comparative study of two evaluation methods on radiographic bone loss at the mandibular canines and incisors. AB - The approximal bone loss of the mandibular canines and incisors was scored with two different units of measurement on 30 sets of standardized paralleling radiographs: 1) with absolute values ("true" millimeter) unrelated to casual variables and 2) with relative values (i.e. percentage of the root length). Absolute bone loss scores revealed that the space between the canines and the lateral incisors of the present material seemed to be more susceptible to bone loss than the spaces between the incisors, with a tendency towards the mesial bone loss of the canines being still greater than the distal bone loss of the laterals. There was a high degree of correspondence between absolute bone loss scores at different teeth and corresponding gingival pocket depths of a previous analysis by the present authors. Relative bone loss scores led to divergent and partly direct-opposite results compared with the absolute scores. The correspondence between percentage bone loss scores and gingival pocket depths at corresponding tooth surfaces was poor. When investigating the susceptibility of different teeth to periodontal breakdown it seems as if bone loss should be expressed in absolute values in the same way as are gingival pocket depths and loss of attachment. If a common standard is being used the results of different investigations may be compared. However, when studying the inception and advancement of the disease at the same tooth over a period of time, or when evaluating the remaining bone support the percentage bone loss method may be of clinical importance. PMID- 6961512 TI - Convenient instrument for oral galvanism measurements. PMID- 6961513 TI - Release of cobalt from cobalt chromium alloy constructions in the oral cavity of man. AB - The release of cobalt from a cobalt chromium alloy construction with a major palatal connector (palatal strap) in the maxilla was determined for 10 test subjects. The concentration of cobalt in unstimulated whole saliva and tongue scrapings was estimated 21, 14 and 7 d respectively before and 1, 2, 3, 10, 20 and 30 d after insertion of the cobalt chromium alloy construction. The method used to quantify the cobalt content was flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the median cobalt concentration in saliva and tongue scrapings increased after the insertion of the cobalt chromium alloy construction, with the highest values occurring in the first 2 d after insertion. The tongue scrapings, in general, showed higher cobalt median values than saliva did at all times of estimation. The sampling method described in the present study seems to be useful in long-term investigations in man, where numerous sample collections in the oral cavity are required in order to determine metal content. The risk of negative biologic effects on the human organism caused by the cobalt release from the alloy is discussed. PMID- 6961514 TI - Contraction pattern of composite resins in dentin cavities. PMID- 6961515 TI - Angiography in acute experimental pancreatitis correlated to hemodynamic changes. PMID- 6961516 TI - The relation of platelet kinetics to bone marrow megakaryocytes in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. AB - The relation of thrombokinetics to quantitative determinations of megakaryocytes (mgkc) in bone marrow sections was studied in 11 consecutive cases of untreated Ph1-positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). The results were compared with controls and with previously obtained data in polycythaemia vera (PV), primary thrombocythaemia (PT) and in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Platelet survival was significantly reduced in CGL. Platelet production was 5.8 x normal and the mgkc number and volume/microliter bone marrow were significantly increased as compared to controls. The increase in mgkc volume was not in proportion to that of number due to a significant decrease of mgkc size. Platelet production was strongly related to mgkc number/mm2 and to the mgkc volume/microliter bone marrow. The platelet production rate in relation to a unit of mgkc volume/microliter bone marrow was, however, greater in CGL than in controls, PV, PT and ITP. The chief reason for this is most probably the greater expansion of the total bone marrow mass in CGL. PMID- 6961518 TI - [Life at its fair value]. PMID- 6961517 TI - Antigen-trapping cells in Peyer's patches of the rat. AB - Peyer's patches (PP) of rats were studied with immunocytochemical, enzyme cytochemical, and electron microscopic techniques. Special attention was paid to the non-lymphoid antigen-trapping cells. Follicular dendritic cells, morphologically comparable to those present in spleen and lymph nodes, were found in the germinal centers of PP. Ia-positive cells with the morphological characteristics of interdigitating cells were seen in the interfollicular area. Thus, both types of antigen-presenting cells, characteristic for B- and T-cell areas, respectively, were present in PP. PMID- 6961519 TI - [Mandibular motor activity during sleep]. PMID- 6961520 TI - [Lower 1st permanent molars with 6 cuspids in Senegal]. PMID- 6961521 TI - [2-year follow-up of the clinical behavior of 6 fissure sealing resins]. PMID- 6961522 TI - [Tea for children and the baby bottle]. PMID- 6961523 TI - A reevaluation of DMF-data obtained in the Canton of Zurich 1963-1972. PMID- 6961524 TI - Fifty-seven year old Caucasian male with anemia of thirty years duration. PMID- 6961525 TI - Posterior colpoperineoplasty. PMID- 6961526 TI - Clinicopathological conference. Fourteen year old caucasian female with rapid onset of pneumonitis followed by renal failure. PMID- 6961527 TI - Job satisfaction of central South Dakota physicians. PMID- 6961528 TI - Bulimia nervosa--a case report. PMID- 6961529 TI - Purely lytic osteosarcoma. AB - The radiographic features of 42 purely lytic osteosarcomas are presented. Purely lytic osteosarcoma is identified as a lytic lesion of bone with no demonstrable osteoid matrix by conventional radiographic modalities. Purely lytic osteosarcoma represented 13.7% of a group of 305 osteosarcomas. The most common presentation was that of a lytic ill-defined lesion with a moderate to large extraosseous mass component. Nine lesions presented with benign radiographic features. The differential diagnosis is outlined. The need for awareness of this type of presentation of osteosarcoma is stressed. PMID- 6961530 TI - Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (acute "malignant" myelofibrosis): an unusual cause of osteosclerosis. AB - Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia or acute "malignant" myelosclerosis is an acute and rapidly progressive myeloproliferative syndrome characterized by minimal or absent splenomegaly, pancytopenia, diffuse marrow fibrosis, and circulating blasts of megakaryocytic origin. The disease must be differentiated from other hematologic malignancies especially myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. The radiographic changes of osteosclerosis in our patient have not been previously reported in the literature. PMID- 6961531 TI - Etomidate sedation in out-patient oral surgery. PMID- 6961532 TI - The efficacy of the laryngeal reflex during relative analgesia (oxygen/nitrous oxide psycho sedation). PMID- 6961533 TI - A word of caution on the use of eyes as monitor. PMID- 6961534 TI - Severe respiratory depression following pentazocine and methohexitone. A case report. PMID- 6961535 TI - Modern aspects of genetics in schizophrenia (multifactorial approach). PMID- 6961536 TI - [Dental psychology series. (2) Psychologic tests]. PMID- 6961537 TI - [Basic factors in modern food habits. Epidemiologic approach]. PMID- 6961538 TI - [Treatment of carious lesions--removal of lesions]. PMID- 6961540 TI - [Approach to psychogenic halitosis]. PMID- 6961539 TI - [Oral actinomycosis (!)]. PMID- 6961541 TI - [Halitosis due to systemic diseases]. PMID- 6961543 TI - [Drug therapy of halitosis]. PMID- 6961542 TI - [Halitosis in otorhinolaryngological diseases]. PMID- 6961544 TI - [Home therapy for patients with stomatognathic dysfunction (2)]. PMID- 6961546 TI - [An approach to periodontal treatment in periodontics (11)]. PMID- 6961545 TI - [Problems and present status of nitrous oxide pollution in the dental office]. PMID- 6961548 TI - [What do patients expect from dentists?]. PMID- 6961547 TI - [Autoplasty of a prefunctional third molar]. PMID- 6961549 TI - [Macro-lens, convenient for clinical dentistry]. PMID- 6961550 TI - [Actinomycosis in the oral area]. PMID- 6961551 TI - [Motivation in periodontal practice--its concept and significance]. PMID- 6961552 TI - [Indications and limitations in minor tooth movement]. PMID- 6961553 TI - [Indications and limitations of occlusal adjustment]. PMID- 6961554 TI - [The significance of reevaluation in initial preparation]. PMID- 6961555 TI - [Indications and limitations of initial preparation in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6961556 TI - [Influence of liners on the detected color of composite resins]. PMID- 6961557 TI - [Simple matrix bands for composite resins]. PMID- 6961558 TI - [On the use of the dental diseases survey]. PMID- 6961559 TI - [What does hair analysis show us? Application of hair analysis in the dental field]. PMID- 6961560 TI - [Psychology of fear and anxiety--fear of dentists]. PMID- 6961561 TI - [Conservative therapy of enamel caries. Arrest and remineralization of early caries lesions]. PMID- 6961562 TI - [Local application of a topical anesthetic (Hurricaine gel and liquid)]. PMID- 6961563 TI - [Long-term therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Protocol 10-LA-72]. PMID- 6961564 TI - [Chronic myeloid leukaemia. Clinical study and analysis of therapeutical results in 55 cases]. PMID- 6961565 TI - [An attempt of eradicative therapy for non-lymphoid acute leukaemia. Analysis of the results attained in 104 cases]. PMID- 6961566 TI - Nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation in dentistry. PMID- 6961567 TI - [The final evaluation on delivery of prophylaxis for young patients in the State Health Care Insurance System]. PMID- 6961568 TI - [A case of metastasis of a neuroblastoma to the oral cavity]. PMID- 6961569 TI - [Painting of teeth black in Asia]. PMID- 6961570 TI - [Hand burns caused by dental plaster]. PMID- 6961571 TI - [3 cases of jaw constriction]. PMID- 6961572 TI - [ISO accepts a new suggestion for the standardization of amalgam]. PMID- 6961573 TI - [Alloys containing low concentration of precious metals]. PMID- 6961574 TI - [Orofacial infections. 2. Bacterial infections, clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 6961575 TI - [Clinical testing of a saliva-stimulating tablet, SST]. PMID- 6961576 TI - [Effect of prostaglandin E2 on human heart conduction function]. PMID- 6961577 TI - A disturbance in tooth form. PMID- 6961578 TI - Update on herpes simplex: a dental occupational hazard. PMID- 6961579 TI - HLA antigens in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - The lymphocytes of 52 patients with the clinical diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were typed for the HLA-A, -B and -C antigens, and of 27 of those patients also for the DR antigens. ITP proved not to be significantly associated with any of the HLA-A, -C or -DR antigens tested for. On the platelets of 35 of these 52 patients autoantibodies were detected in the direct immunofluorescence test. In these 35 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP), an increased frequency of HLA-Bw38 was found (14.3% versus 2.6% in controls). The frequency of none of the HLA antigens was significantly increased in the group of 17 ITP patients without demonstrable autoantibodies. The difference in association with HLA-Bw38 between AITP and ITP without demonstrable autoantibodies was not significant. PMID- 6961580 TI - Inheritance and further crossing-over of an HLA-A/HLA-C recombinant haplotype. PMID- 6961581 TI - [Effectiveness of preventing stomatological diseases by using remodent and fluoride lacquer on preschoolers and pregnant women]. PMID- 6961584 TI - [Differential indications for dental caries treatment in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6961582 TI - [Solubility and remineralization rate of the enamel of deciduous teeth]. PMID- 6961583 TI - [Device for injecting remineralizing agents into the hard dental tissues and an evaluation of its effectiveness]. PMID- 6961585 TI - [Use of paraformaldehyde in treating pulpitis of the deciduous teeth in children]. PMID- 6961587 TI - [The parotid gland in children with a history of epidemic parotitis]. PMID- 6961586 TI - [Objective indications for the choice of a rational treatment procedure in oral hemangiomas in children]. PMID- 6961588 TI - [Dysembryoplasia of the tongue in children]. PMID- 6961589 TI - [Fiber optic study of palatopharyngeal closure]. PMID- 6961590 TI - [Teratoid tumor of the maxillofacial area in a nursing infant]. PMID- 6961591 TI - [Hemangioleiomyoma of the oral cavity in childhood]. PMID- 6961592 TI - [Determination of the degree of tooth crowding in the early period of altered bite using a biometrical study method]. PMID- 6961594 TI - [Demineralization and remineralization processes in natural and artificial carious lesions of the enamel]. PMID- 6961593 TI - [Prevention of lesions of the dental tissues and periodontium during the treatment of maxillodental anomalies and dental prosthesis of children]. PMID- 6961595 TI - [Histobiometric characteristics of the masticatory musculature in progenia]. PMID- 6961596 TI - [Electrical safety and interference-killing feature of rheographic electrodes coming in contact with the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6961597 TI - [Prevention of dental caries by sealing fissures]. PMID- 6961598 TI - [Use of hemosorption and plasmapheresis in treating Setton's stomatitis]. PMID- 6961599 TI - [Combined treatment of chronic traumatic osteomyelitis of the mandible using hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 6961600 TI - [Prolonged local anesthesia with a solution of trimecaine-collagen complex]. PMID- 6961601 TI - [Clinico-physiological evaluation of electroanalgesia in tooth extraction operations]. PMID- 6961602 TI - [Electroacupuncture and electropuncture analgesia: the results of their use in oral surgery]. PMID- 6961604 TI - [Meeting of the WHO consultation group on stomatology]. PMID- 6961603 TI - [Use of hemosorption in treating suppurative septic processes in the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 6961605 TI - [World Health Organization and its aims in the development of dentistry]. PMID- 6961606 TI - 4-Ethenylidene steroids as mechanism-based inactivators of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. AB - The synthesis of 4-ethenylidene-5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (5) and of 4-ethenylidene-5 alpha-androstane-3, 17-dione (4) is described. Compound 5 is a competitive inhibitor of solubilized bovine microsomal adrenal delta-5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, with Ki = 2.7 microM, and is converted by the enzyme to the corresponding 3-ketone. Compound 4 is shown to irreversibly inactivate the enzyme in a time-dependent manner (t 1/2 = 31 min; 55 microM; pH = 7.0). The substrate, dehydroepiandrosterone, protects against inactivation by compound 4. In contrast, compound 5 is not oxidized at the 3-position by the 3 beta-(and 17 beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from P. testosteroni, but is oxidized at the 17-position. Nevertheless, the 4-ethenylidene-3,17-diketone (4) causes irreversible time-dependent inactivation (t 1/2 = 28 min; 64 microM; pH = 7.0) when incubated directly with this bacterial enzyme, acting as an affinity label. PMID- 6961607 TI - Survival of heart allografts in nonimmunosuppressed murine recipients by pretreatment of the donor tissue with anti-Ia antibodies. PMID- 6961608 TI - [Growth characteristics of human giant cell tumor and osteogenic sarcoma in organ cultures]. PMID- 6961609 TI - [Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Experiences with 18 patients]. PMID- 6961610 TI - Standard computer programs in statistical analysis of survival in childhood lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - A material comprising all children in Sweden with acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed in the years 1973-80 was analysed statistically. The total number of children was 505. Studies were made of 38 different variables, using frequency tables, cross tables, life table studies (1) and linear regression analysis according to Cox's method (2,4). Chi-square tests and log rank tests were included in the methods. The combination of life-table studies and linear regression analysis proved to be of value in assessing the significance of different parameters and treatment programs with regard to prognosis. The aim of this paper is to present a method for analysis of a patient material with use of standard computer programs. The results of the total analysis will be published elsewhere (3). PMID- 6961611 TI - [Local spreading of osteogenic sarcoma according to complex radiographic data]. PMID- 6961612 TI - [Disturbances of metabolism of high density lipoproteins in patients with ischemic stroke]. AB - In patients with ischemic insult at the age of 51-75 years content of high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol and the ratio of HDL cholesterol to total blood serum cholesterol were distinctly decreased, as well as the cholesterol index of atherogenicity was markedly higher as compared with controls. Decrease in the content of HDL, detected by concentration of HDL cholesterol and the cholesterol index of atherogenicity, is apparently the only pattern, demonstrating the impairment of lipoprotein spectrum in the patients with ischemic insult in the age group older than 50 years. Estimation of the HDL cholesterol might serve as an effective monitoring index of treatment and prophylaxis under conditions of ischemic insult. PMID- 6961613 TI - Phenytoin overdose with high plasma levels (case report). PMID- 6961614 TI - Current concepts in vasectomy reversal. PMID- 6961615 TI - Financing of the West Virginia University School of Medicine. PMID- 6961616 TI - [Pre-treatment in surgical periodontal measures]. PMID- 6961617 TI - [Usefulness of hydrogel-based formulations in the treatment and protection of wounds of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6961618 TI - [Evaluation of the effects of 2 oral anaesthetic formulations on the oral mucosa using a questionnaire]. PMID- 6961620 TI - [Growth of the upper alveolar arch in normal children from birth until complete primary dentition]. PMID- 6961619 TI - [Comparative study of oral hygiene awareness in students attending medical and technical high schools]. PMID- 6961621 TI - [Objective assessment of patient cooperation during orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 6961622 TI - [Feasibility of computer-assisted information system on the University Department of Stomatology in Ljubljana]. PMID- 6961623 TI - Surgery and anaesthesia at Enga Provincial Hospital. AB - During a period of over 4 years, general medical officers in an isolated hospital in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) performed various major surgical procedures including laparotomy, sequestrectomy, prostatectomy, Caesarian section and hysterectomy Pig bel (enteritis necroticans) was the commonest condition requiring laparotomy (37.5%) and 64% of patients with this diagnosis were adult. Arrow and spear wounds required surgical treatment in 193 adult patients and this group comprised 14.3% of all surgical procedures. Anaesthetics used were ketamine (42.9%), spinal (18.6%) and local (32.1%) and only 3.1% of patients had a general anaesthetic. Minimum essential skills for general medical officers in isolated Highland hospitals in PNG include the ability to perform laparotomy with small bowel segment resection, Caesarian section and familiarity with the use of ketamine and spinal anaesthesia. PMID- 6961624 TI - Glaucoma in Port Moresby Papua New Guinea. AB - A retrospective study was carried out, of 48 patients with glaucoma, who presented over a 2 year period at Port Moresby General Hospital. No cases of chronic open angle glaucoma or acute angle closure glaucoma with shallow anterior chamber were found in the 37 Papua New Guinean patients. Trauma was the most common cause of glaucoma in this group particularly in males. Glaucoma also occurred in association with the exfoliative syndrome and secondary to anterior uveitis. All non-Papuan New Guineans retained some vision in both eyes while 23 of the Papua New Guineans had no perception of light in one eye, which is a reflection of the type of glaucoma present in this group, and their failure to obtain early medical care. PMID- 6961625 TI - Ghosts, witches, sickness and death: the traditional interpretation of injury and disease in a rural area of Papua New Guinea. AB - For many people in remote parts of Papua New Guinea (PNG) health and illness have their origin in the invisible realm of spirits, ghosts and sorcerers. For instance, death from malaria may be interpreted as witchcraft and other deaths are attributed to the agency of ghosts. An accident, such as a fall, may be regarded by the victim and his family as the result of sorcery. Even though health professionals know a great deal about the physical aspects of the diseases which afflict their communities, they may not understand the people's interpretation of them. Modern medicine has no satisfactory approach for dealing with some culture-bound syndromes. PMID- 6961628 TI - The occupational therapist in Papua New Guinea. AB - The Occupational Therapist (O.T.) is an indispensible member of all health teams in major general hospitals, rehabilitation centres, sheltered workshops, psychiatric clinics and special centres for children and elderly people, as well as contributing to many community health projects. The O.T. provides rehabilitation programmes for patients with spinal injuries, degenerative neurological disease, head injuries, blindness, amputations, and leprosy as well as many other disabling conditions. In addition occupational therapy is important in paediatric practice. Supervision of the sheltered workshop is a further responsibility of the O.T. It is recommended that the position for an O.T. in Port Moresby General Hospital be maintained, and that Papua New Guineans be trained overseas to meet future needs within the country. PMID- 6961627 TI - Congenital heart block. PMID- 6961626 TI - Priority in the pharmacological management of chronic schizophrenia: the quality of life issues. AB - The progress of pharmacological management of schizophrenia is briefly reviewed, highlighting some of the major limitations especially in regard to side-effects which have been identified. The importance of the quality of life issues in chronic patients undergoing pharmacological treatment is stressed. A possible new approach is the use of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs which may have symptomatic effects as well as quality of life effects. PMID- 6961631 TI - On being a medical superintendent. PMID- 6961629 TI - A medical superintendent in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6961630 TI - Use of the cervicograph in rural PNG. PMID- 6961632 TI - The changing role of the Health Extension Officer in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6961634 TI - Elevated mercury levels in people from Lake Murray, Western Province. AB - The people of Lake Murray, Western Province, Papua New Guinea are chronically exposed to methylmercury through fish consumption. In a study of 114 volunteers from the area, the mean methylmercury concentration in hair was 15.5 mg/kg (range 3.2--50.5). The main source of methylmercury is barramundi (Lates calcarifer) caught in the Lake. For nearby control groups having similar and much lower levels of fish consumption, the mean methylmercury levels in hair were 6.4 mg/kg (range 0.62--25.7) and 2.4 mg/kg (range 0.33--9.0) respectively. No significant correlations were found between methylmercury concentrations in hair and age or sex in any of the three populations. PMID- 6961636 TI - Elderly ailing Highlanders of Papua New Guinea. AB - A retrospective case-control study of 100 elderly patients admitted to Goroka Hospital was undertaken. Chronic disease with cor pulmonale was the commonest condition diagnosed in this group (22%) and lobar pneumonia was the commonest infection (17%). Cancer occurred in only 5% of subjects, and in all of these patients, hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed. No cases of degenerative cardiovascular disease were observed. Mean hospital stay was 12.9 days. PMID- 6961633 TI - Antiseptic solutions used in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6961637 TI - The epidemiology of spinal cord injuries in Papua New Guinea. AB - Thirty six patients with traumatic spinal cord injury were studied in Papua New Guinean hospitals. Road trauma and falls from trees each accounted for 1/3 of injuries. The mean age of patients, 80% of whom were male, was 26 years. Complications included pressure sores (69%), urinary tract infection (61%) and contractures (22%). Two thirds of patients failed to make any significant recovery and remained permanently in hospital. At present there are no special facilities for treating paraplegic patients in this country but as the number of cases is increasing it is recommended that major hospitals provide special units and a standard management protocol for these patients. PMID- 6961638 TI - The treatment of leprosy in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6961635 TI - Diabetes mellitus in the Tolais of the Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain. AB - Diabetes is relatively common in the Tolais of the Gazelle Peninsula. The syndrome has the clinical and biochemical features of maturity-onset diabetes, with a familial tendency, a tendency to obesity and insulin release in response to a carbohydrate load. There is a high incidence of microvascular complications in these patients, and the median survival time is between 4 and 5 years. Health workers should assess those at risk for this condition and try to provide regular supervision of diagnosed diabetics. PMID- 6961639 TI - Tuberculosis at Goroka Hospital. AB - All adult tuberculosis patients admitted to Goroka Hospital in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) were studied retrospectively for 1979 and prospectively during 1980-81. Of 66 patients, 47 (71.2%) had laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis. Of those patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 23.2% were from the Highlands and 70% from the coast. PMID- 6961640 TI - Autopsies at Goroka hospital from 1978-1982: a review. AB - A review is given of 353 autopsies conducted at Goroka Hospital and nearby villages between April 1978 and April 1982. A total of 97 deaths (27.5%) resulted from motor vehicle accidents. Autopsies on patients dying in hospital are difficult to obtain but are worth the effort involved. PMID- 6961641 TI - Village rural water supplies in the Western Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. AB - The 1980's have been declared the "International Water Supply and Sanitation Decade". The Papua New Guinea (PNG) Government has committed itself to spending K2.5 million between 1982-1985 on rural water supplies. The experience for such a programme in the Western Highlands is reviewed. Between 1975 and June 1981 there were 101 installation, 69 of which were inspected. Of these, 40.6% were working. Within one year 40% had broken down; after 4 years, 90% had broken down. Contributing factors to break downs were; the use of a cheap and inefficient hand pump on wells; use of plastic rather than metal pipes in reticulated water supplies; weaknesses in the design of reticulated supplies; and difficulties with regular maintenance. It is recommended that the government take steps to solve these problems before it commits itself to a significantly increased expenditure on rural water supplies. PMID- 6961642 TI - Aid posts in Enga Province. AB - In Papua New Guinea (PNG) primary health care in rural areas is principally provided by aid post orderlies (APO's). During 1979-80, all 110 aid posts in Enga Province were visited; 20% were found to be unstaffed. All APO's were from the province and about 50% were providing satisfactory service. Aid posts were judged on standard of cleanliness, daily patient attendance, number of inpatients, number of family planning consultations provided weekly and on the attendance record of TB and leprosy patients. Aid posts usually had sufficient supplies of basic drugs. Despite the presence of a good APO training school in Enga, the standard of graduates was very variable and some of the best APO's in the province had minimal training over 30 years previously. Tribal warfare in Enga continues to be a threat to the delivery of primary health care. PMID- 6961644 TI - The role of the paediatrician in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6961643 TI - Medical specialists in Papua New Guinea, 1989: the planned use of doctors and allied health workers. AB - In 1979 there were 260 doctors, including 60 fully-qualified specialists working in Papua New Guinea, but the results of a nationwide survey indicated that 420 doctors, including 105 specialists, would be required by 1988. This does not appear to be feasible given projected manpower and financial constraints. An alternative plan is being implemented which aims to provide 88 specialist doctors. Other features of the plan include: increasing the number of allied health workers trained by specialist doctors; increasing the number of specialists in general practice; distributing more equitably specialist manpower between base hospitals and provincial hospitals; and continuing to implement the localization policy. PMID- 6961645 TI - The physiotherapist in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6961646 TI - The emergency burr hole: indication and technique. PMID- 6961648 TI - Malaria parasites in blood donated by healthy subjects in PNG. PMID- 6961647 TI - Danger of haemolysis from primaquine use. PMID- 6961649 TI - [Materials development in dentistry and dental technology]. PMID- 6961650 TI - [Advice and goals for dental materials science and testing]. PMID- 6961651 TI - [Office laboratory]. PMID- 6961652 TI - [Indications: plastic fillings--cast fillings]. PMID- 6961653 TI - [Drug-induced emergencies]. PMID- 6961654 TI - [Oral implantation]. PMID- 6961655 TI - [Implantology: where are we in 1982?]. PMID- 6961656 TI - [Infection prevention in the dental office]. PMID- 6961657 TI - [Should every gap in the lateral dental arch be closed?]. PMID- 6961658 TI - [When should the shortened dental arch be expanded?]. PMID- 6961660 TI - [Work science and dentistry]. PMID- 6961659 TI - [Frequency of consumption of sweetened foods and beverages by children. Nutritional advice for caries prevention]. PMID- 6961662 TI - [Prosthetic aids. Abutment technic - deluxe or optimum]. PMID- 6961661 TI - [Courage for destruction of dogmas and taboos]. PMID- 6961663 TI - [Follow-up judgement of complete denture]. PMID- 6961664 TI - [Complete dentures and mucous membrane diseases]. PMID- 6961665 TI - [Titanium plasma coated intramobile conical implants]. PMID- 6961666 TI - [Atypical facial pain in neurotic depression]. PMID- 6961668 TI - [The dental assistant in the Federal Republic of Germany. A ZWR interview with Brigitte Gierl]. PMID- 6961667 TI - [The dental assistant. Advice - aims - realities]. PMID- 6961669 TI - [Wisdom tooth. Unusual position - problems - treatment]. PMID- 6961670 TI - [Psychosomatic pain control in laughing gas analgesia (III)]. PMID- 6961671 TI - [New aspects of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6961672 TI - [Dialysis treatment in chronic, terminal kidney diseases]. PMID- 6961673 TI - ["Baby-bottle syndrome". Overview and therapy]. PMID- 6961674 TI - [Milk teeth - diseases, cleanliness and prophylaxis]. PMID- 6961675 TI - [Can ergonomics be developed further?]. PMID- 6961676 TI - [Without patient cooperation every therapy is useless]. PMID- 6961677 TI - [Functional therapy and psychosomatic pain control]. PMID- 6961678 TI - [Children's fear of the dentist and how it can be combatted]. PMID- 6961679 TI - [Anxiety, fear, phobias of children and the refusal of treatment]. PMID- 6961680 TI - [Communication works for happy dentists and patients]. PMID- 6961681 TI - [Function-improving preprosthetic surgery of the edentulous jaw]. PMID- 6961682 TI - [Relation record in edentulousness]. PMID- 6961683 TI - [Synthetics for complete dentures]. PMID- 6961684 TI - [How far can we get without precious metals?]. PMID- 6961685 TI - [Age determination by dentition with the aid of dental films]. PMID- 6961687 TI - [What tastes as good as sugar?]. PMID- 6961688 TI - [Arteriosclerosis research comes first]. PMID- 6961686 TI - [Drug therapy needs more safety]. PMID- 6961689 TI - [Albania: since 1959 dentists have been educated in their own country]. PMID- 6961690 TI - [Injury to the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6961691 TI - [Indications for the exposure of retained teeth]. PMID- 6961692 TI - [Caries prevention]. PMID- 6961693 TI - [Orofacial dyskinesias]. PMID- 6961694 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of tumors of the mouth, jaw and face]. PMID- 6961695 TI - [Leukoplakia]. PMID- 6961696 TI - [Carcinoma of the palate and gingiva]. PMID- 6961697 TI - [Angiomatosis regeneration in the oral cavity]. PMID- 6961698 TI - [Abnormalities in cleft lip-nose-palate patients after inappropriate treatment]. PMID- 6961700 TI - [Surgical lowering of vestibule]. PMID- 6961699 TI - [Use of metal plates in injuries to the mid-face]. PMID- 6961701 TI - [Microscopic investigation of the regeneration of the inferior alveolar nerve]. PMID- 6961702 TI - [Spread of skin epithelioma of the face to the mouth and bone regions]. PMID- 6961703 TI - [Reconstruction of mandible with silastics after tumor resection]. PMID- 6961704 TI - [Materials and methods of modern dental implantation]. PMID- 6961706 TI - [Enzyme histochemistry and diagnostic histopathology]. PMID- 6961705 TI - [Surgical correction of maxillary abnormalities]. PMID- 6961707 TI - [The practice of ethylene oxide sterilization]. AB - Complete and rapid removal of ethylene oxide used for fumigation and its conversion products are of critical importance when reusing gas-sterilized parts of instruments. Evaluation of desorption is possible by means of gaschromatographic analyses of the atmosphere in packs containing the instruments for fumigation and storage. Residual amounts for a number of selected parts of instruments shown suggest latent sources of danger. The dimension of the instruments, the differences in plastic materials and ethylene oxide permeability of packing materials play a significant, though not obvious, role. Since no general rules concerning the duration of desorption can be established in view of these various factors, occasional examinations by means of gaschromatographic analyses are necessary. PMID- 6961708 TI - [Physicochemical biology and biotechnology problems of microbiology and immunology]. PMID- 6961709 TI - Arylsulphatase C and sterol sulphatase activities in microsomes from human placenta. AB - Microsomes of human placenta were tested with respect to sulphohydrolase activity towards p-nitrophenyl sulphate, oestrone sulphate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and pregnenolone sulphate. Microsomal sulphohydrolases were solubilized by treatment with 0.5% Triton X-100 at pH 9.0. Bio-gel A 1.5 m column chromatography allowed to separate the microsomal arylsulphatase into subfractions differing in molecular mass and substrate specificity. Oestrone sulphate sulphohydrolase appeared to be as specific for microsomal fraction as glucose-6-phosphatase. PMID- 6961710 TI - [Use of the Poldi total knee prosthesis after tumor resection in the area of the knee]. PMID- 6961711 TI - [The medical audit]. PMID- 6961712 TI - Presidential address. PMID- 6961713 TI - Ten years of respiratory cytopathology at Duke University Medical Center. III. The significance of inconclusive cytopathologic diagnoses during the years 1970 to 1974. AB - This paper reports on the significance of inconclusive cytopathologic diagnoses made on cytologic specimens from the lower respiratory tract of patients seen at the Duke University Medical Center during the years 1970 to 1974. During that period, a total of 9,892 cytopathologic specimens from the lower respiratory tract were processed. Conclusive cytopathologic diagnoses of cancer were made in 363 patients. In 218 additional patients, one or more inconclusive cytopathologic diagnoses were made. In 70 patients, a cytopathologic diagnosis of atypical metaplasia was made. In 28 of these 70 patients (40% of the group), this diagnosis was followed by a tissue confirmation of cancer. In the remaining 42 patients (60%), the follow-up studies revealed the presence of a variety of nonneoplastic diseases, usually inflammatory in origin. In these patients, various types of pneumonias constituted the most frequent type of disease. Another 135 patients had originally been given a cytopathologic diagnosis of "atypical cells suspicious for malignancy." In 92 (approximately 68%) of these patients, this suspicion of cancer was confirmed by tissue. In 43 patients (approximately 32%) no cancer was found. In this latter group of patients, the most common underlying disease process was also pneumonia. PMID- 6961714 TI - Fine needle aspiration under percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographic guidance. AB - Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a rapid diagnostic technique accompanied by minimal patient morbidity and providing access to deep visceral lesions. We report three cases of obstructive jaundice secondary to malignancy in which FNA was performed at the time of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram. After the cholangiogram was performed and the obstructive lesion identified, a drainage catheter was inserted for decompression of the biliary tree. Using the drainage tube as a guide, multiple FNAs of the area of obstruction were done. In case 1 an area adjacent to the common bile duct was aspirated and diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of undetermined origin. FNA of a liver mass in case 2 revealed poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma consistent with a previous uterine cervix biopsy. Both of these patients were discharged for outpatient treatment following the procedure. In case 3 FNA diagnostic of adenocarcinoma was obtained from an intra- and extrahepatic mass. This patient underwent exploratory laparotomy for possible resection; adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas was found. For patients with advanced malignancies, minimizing inpatient hospital time is an important goal. In cases of obstructive jaundice secondary to malignancy, the combined techniques of percutaneous cholangiogram, biliary tree compression and FNA provide both diagnosis and palliation, with minimal morbidity and inpatient care. PMID- 6961715 TI - Needle aspiration cytology of intracranial lesions. A review of 84 cases. AB - Eighty-four needle aspirates of tumors and other intracranial lesions were diagnosed using smear preparations stained with Papanicolaou and Diff Quick stains. In 66 cases the cytologic diagnosis was compared with a histologic diagnosis on material removed during a craniotomy. In 92% of the cases the cytologic diagnosis agreed with the histologic diagnosis. In 21 cases the aspiration was performed under local anesthesia through a twist drill orifice. In none of these cases were there any complications secondary to the aspirations. The needle aspiration of intracranial lesions appears to be a safe and reliable diagnostic procedure. PMID- 6961716 TI - Cytology of cystic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Cytologic features in nine cases of cystic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid are described. These cases were from a group of 66 consecutive patients who had papillary carcinomas examined cytologically. The most prominent cytologic findings were clusters and sheets of epithelial cells, enlarged and pale nuclei, intranuclear inclusions and psammoma bodies. Multinucleated giant cells and viscous colloid were not seen in these cystic cases. In eight specimens of resected tissue, the primary lesion was cystic; four cases showed multicentric primary carcinoma, and one showed cystic degeneration in metastases. An evaluation of the cytologic features when cystic degeneration is present may be difficult because papillary cell groups may not be obvious, cell details may be obscured, and intranuclear inclusions and psammoma bodies may be rare or absent. PMID- 6961718 TI - Cytodiagnosis of lesions of the pancreas and related areas. AB - Our experience of six and one-half years with cyto-diagnosis of pancreatic and related lesions is presented. We studied 22 cases of direct (perioperative and endoscopic) aspiration (group A) and 14 cases of percutaneous aspiration using ultrasound guidance (group B). Cytohistologic correlation in the direct aspiration cases and cytoclinical correlation in the percutaneous aspiration cases showed a specificity of 90% in group A and 100% in group B. Sensitivity was 100% in group A and 72.7% in group B. Predictive value of positive results was 92% in group A and 100% in group B. Eight of ten positive cancer cases in group A were confirmed by initial endoscopic tissue biopsies. One periampullary duodenal aspiration and one bile aspirate were cytologically positive, with negative endoscopic biopsy; final clinical evaluation with laparotomy confirmed these two cases as cancer. Thus, cytodiagnosis was more sensitive than tissue biopsy. PMID- 6961717 TI - Visual cell profiles for quantitation of premalignant cells in sputum: a preliminary report. AB - Visual cell profiles were used to analyze the distribution of atypical bronchial cells in sputum specimens from cigarette-smoking volunteers, cigarette-smoking asbestos workers and cigarette-smoking uranium miners. The preliminary results of these sputum visual cell profile studies have demonstrated distinctive distributions of bronchial cell atypias in progressive patterns of squamous metaplasia, mild, moderate and severe atypias and carcinoma, similar to those the authors have previously reported using cell image analysis techniques to determine an atypia status index (ASI). The information gained from this study will be helpful in further validating this ASI and subsequently achieving the ultimate goal of employing cell image analysis for the rapid and precise identification of premalignant atypias in sputum. PMID- 6961722 TI - Genetic toxicity of psoralen and ultraviolet radiation in human cells. PMID- 6961719 TI - Selected characteristics of cervical cancer incidence cases. AB - Selected demographic characteristics associated with incidence cases of uterine cervical squamous severe dysplasia and carcinoma were determined. The mean age at histologic detection for all patients with Papanicolaou smears at not greater than three-year intervals was 31.0 years, with a range of 19 to 63. Invasive carcinomas were predominantly of the microinvasive type, and the mean age of patients was 34.1 years. The mean interval for conversion from cytologic negativity or mild dysplasia was 2.2 years, and two basic patterns of conversion were recognized: (1) continuously increasing atypia and (2) retrogressive cytologic findings. Most instances of the latter type probably were due to inadequacies of cellular sampling. No significant correlation was found between conversion interval and age of patient. A case-control comparison of gravidity and parity showed statistically significantly higher values among index cases for both measures for ages 20 to 29 but not for 30 years or older, implicating youthful pregnancy as an etiologic factor in cervical carcinogenesis. PMID- 6961723 TI - [Prognostic factors in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6961721 TI - Histochemical determination of estrogen and progesterone binding in fine needle aspirates of breast cancer. Correlation with conventional biochemical assays. AB - Estrogen and progesterone binding sites were assayed in patients with primary, recurrent and metastatic mammary carcinoma using a new histochemical technique. This histochemical assay employed fluorescein-labeled conjugates of bovine serum albumin covalently bound to estradiol or progesterone. In a double-blind study in which the results of histochemistry were correlated with those obtained by a conventional biochemical assay, there was 83% correlation for estrogen binding in 41 cases and 87% correlation for progesterone binding in 31 cases. PMID- 6961724 TI - [Sialyltransferase activity in differentiation and malignant transformation of lymphocytes]. PMID- 6961725 TI - Abstracts: Scandinavian meeting on cerebrovascular disease. October 20-22, 1982, Umea, Sweden. PMID- 6961720 TI - Cytologic diagnosis of blastomycosis in pleural fluid. AB - Two cases of pleural involvement in respiratory blastomycosis are described. In both cases, cytologic examination of pleural fluid played a primary role in determining the nature of the effusion. Emphasis is placed on the value of the cytologic method for determining the presence of the fungal organisms in pleural effusions. PMID- 6961726 TI - Oxytocin, prostaglandins, and contractility of the human uterus at term pregnancy. AB - The contractile properties of myometrial "mini-strips" from the upper and lower uterine segments were studied by a superfusion technique. These samples of myometrium were taken from women delivered by elective cesarean section in the 39th week of pregnancy. The frequency of spontaneous contractions was significantly higher in isthmic myometrial specimens than in corpus specimens, whereas amplitude and duration of contractions did not differ. Both isthmic and corpus myometrium were stimulated by prostaglandin E2 at low concentrations and inhibited at high concentrations. PGF2 alpha induced an excitory response in the isthmic strips but surprisingly not in preparations from the corpus. However, PGF2 alpha restored normal spontaneous activity following inhibition of the contractility with indomethacin. Oxytocin caused an excitory response over a wide concentration range in both types of specimen and this response was not reduced by pretreatment with indomethacin. These findings suggest that endogenous prostaglandin synthesis is a necessary prerequisite for spontaneous myometrial activity at term pregnancy and that prostaglandins are not essential for the excitatory effect of oxytocin. PMID- 6961727 TI - The pattern of reactivated fetal erythropoiesis in bone marrow disorders of childhood. AB - The expression of fetal characteristics of erythropoiesis (haemoglobin F concentration, haemoglobin A2 concentration, haemoglobin F cells, globin chain synthesis, carboanhydrase isoenzyme B, hexokinase isoenzymes, erythrocyte membrane antigens of the iI- and the ABH-system) was examined in red cells of twelve patients with different bone marrow disorders (juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia (JCML), erythroleukaemia (EL), acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), aplastic anaemia (AA) and Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DB)). In JCML and EL all red cell parameters studied appeared to be fetal including the distribution of hexokinase isoenzymes. No fetal signs could be found in red cells of patients with AML. In two patients with DB who were treated by transfusion no fetal erythropoiesis could be detected. In one patient with DB under cortisone treatment i-antigen, ABH-antigens, haemoglobin F concentration, globin chain synthesis and hexokinase isoenzyme distribution were of the fetal or mixed type. In patients with AA only slight elevations of haemoglobin F were detectable. The nearly total reversion to fetal erythropoiesis in JCML and EL seems to be a part of the disorder itself, whereas in the other disorders the reactivation of fetal erythropoiesis could be the result of an erythropoietic stress. PMID- 6961728 TI - Chloroma of the mandible: a problem of diagnosis and management. PMID- 6961729 TI - Incidence of childhood leukemia in Sweden 1975-1980. AB - During the six-year period 1975-1980, leukemia was diagnosed in 466 children in Sweden, giving an estimated incidence of 4.4/100 000 children per year (0-15 years at diagnosis). The incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was 3.7, of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) 0.6 and of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) 0.1/100 000 children per year. The over all incidence among boys was 4.5/100 000 per year and among girls 4.2. The male: female ratio was 1.13. This ratio was 1.22 in ALL and 0.71 in ANLL. Fifty per cent of the children were below 5 years of age at diagnosis, with a pronounced peak between 2-3 years, which was explained by the ALL distribution. In children with acute leukemia 13% had WBC values of greater than 100 X 10(9)/1, 4% had CNS leukemia and 10% had a mediastinal mass at diagnosis. The geographical distribution of leukemia in Sweden was analysed in a search for clusters of cases. PMID- 6961730 TI - Congenital primary hypothyroidism and HLA. AB - Previous studies have suggested an association between congenital hypothyroidism and HLA-Aw24 or B18 antigens. The frequencies of HLA-A, B and C antigens were studied in 33 unrelated Danish patients with congenital hypothyroidism (5 with aplasia of the thyroid gland, 16 with ectopic thyroids and 8 with thyroid dyshormonogenesis). HLA-Aw24 only appeared in patients with ectopic thyroids and HLA-B18 was only seen in patients with dyshormonogenesis. However, the frequencies of HLA antigens in patients and in a large number of controls did not differ statistically significantly. We conclude that HLA typing is without any predictive value in determining the risk of developing or giving birth to a child with congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 6961731 TI - Iron requirement in low birthweight infants. AB - Since fullsize newborns have adequate iron stores, severe iron deficiency anaemia rarely develops in these infants. If it develops, it is usually due to intestinal blood loss. Low birthweight infants have reduced iron stores resulting in higher nutritional iron requirements. Despite supplementation preterm infants reach at about two months lower Hb values than full-term infants, but subsequent anaemia is prevented. Iron supplementation should at least during the first six weeks be combined with vitamin E supplementation. Different iron dosages are suggested for different birthweights. PMID- 6961732 TI - Critical vitamins for low birthweight infants. AB - All vitamins are "critical" by definition for the growing infant. However, some of them are particularly relevant to the preterm or low birthweight (LBW) infant in whom a deficiency can occur more frequently than in a full-term newborn. In LBW infants vitamin deficiency may develop due to (1) low body stores at birth, (2) low intake, (3) limited absorption, (4) increased need or utilization, (5) presence of certain clinical conditions. The first reason concerns all lipid soluble vitamins, and particularly vitamin E and K, which cross the placenta with some difficulty. Among hydrosoluble vitamins, cord-blood levels of vitamin B6 have been shown to be abnormally low in preterm infants. Low intake can occur because of low vitamin levels in milk or because of delayed and/or insufficient feeding. Limited intestinal absorption of vitamins in LBW infants has only been demonstrated for vitamin E and folic acid. The rapid post-natal growth may lead to increased vitamin utilization. In some clinical conditions particularly high intakes of certain vitamins are indicated. In our opinion, the really "critical" vitamins in LBW infants are vitamin D, E, K and folic acid, for which routine supplementation can be recommended, and possibly vitamins C and B6 under special circumstances. PMID- 6961733 TI - The influence of dietary factors on the vitamin E requirements of the low birthweight infant. AB - The vitamin E requirements for the low birthweight (LBW) infant varies with other dietary factors such as iron and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). This interaction is caused by the influence of iron on the oxidative breakdown of lipids (lipid peroxidation). Thus the need for fortification of infant formulas with vitamin E increases if the formulas are iron fortified or have a high content of PUFA. A vitamin E/linoleic acid ratio of greater than 1 IU/g is currently recommended. The formulas on sale in Sweden satisfies this recommendation. In breastmilk we found a vitamin E/linoleic acid ratio of greater than 1 IU/g in colostral and transitional milk. In mature breastmilk, however, 9 out of 24 samples showed a ratio less than 1 IU/g. Thus it is possible, that the LBW infant fed mature human milk may need a larger supplement of vitamin E than the formula fed infant. PMID- 6961735 TI - Plasma amino acid balance in relation to protein intake in preterm infants: what is optimal protein intake? PMID- 6961736 TI - Blood levels of critical amino acids in very low birthweight infants on a high human milk protein intake. AB - A method for a semi-industrial production of human milk subfractions (human milk protein and human milk fat isolates) is described. Four very low birthweight (VLBW) newborn were given a human milk protein isolate added to the mother's own fresh expressed milk in addition to sodium chloride up to 20 mEkv/liter. Growth followed the intrauterine growth curve. Urea levels did not increase in spite of providing a double-normal protein intake. There was no metabolic acidosis and the blood levels of free amino acids determined with a micro-method did not exceed those seen after a normal meal. The concentrated human milk protein product showed a considerable specific sIgA activity against E. coli 0-antigen. It seems possible to use similar "lacto-engineering"-techniques in order to satisfy the increased protein requirements of the VLBW infant, while providing the caloric requirements, without causing any visible disturbance of blood-homeostasis of urea, amino acids or base excess. The method could provide knowledge about the "human milk protein requirements" and a controlled study has been started. PMID- 6961734 TI - International comparisons of postnatal growth of low birthweight infants with special reference to differences between developing and affluent countries. AB - A large majority of low birthweight infants are born in developing countries where however, only few follow-up studies have been made. However, there are clear indications that in general the AGA infants catch-up better than the SGA of the same weight. A particularly poor catch-up growth is shown by full-term SGA indicating that if a fetal growth retardations is diagnosed, delivery should be induced prematurely. Social and environmental factors are important for the optimal growth postnatally and particularly so if the environmental conditions are adverse. PMID- 6961737 TI - A comparative study of varying protein intake in low birthweight infant feeding. AB - In a prospective longitudinal study of 48 very low birthweight and preterm infants with mean birthweight 1 385 +/- 343 and gestational age 30.8 +/- 2.9 w an assessment was made of the impact of varying the protein intake in the postnatal period from the 3rd to 7th week of life. The infants were randomly allocated to one of three dietary groups with isocaloric energy supply but different protein content--i.e. human milk (1.6 g/100 kcal), formula 1 (2.3 g/100 kcal) and formula 2 (3.0 g/100 kcal). In the human milk group 12 of 18 infants were fed their own mother's breastmilk. During the study period the mean weight gain was slightly higher in the infants fed formula 1 and 2. There were no group differences in S albumin whereas B-urea-N and B-base deficit were significantly increased in the formula fed infants in comparison to infants fed human milk. After the study period until around 15 weeks of age the slope in weight gain remained slightly higher for formula fed infants. However, the gain in body length and head circumference was equal in all three groups. After around 8 months of age there was no difference in any growth parameter. Neurodevelopmental examinations showed no group differences during the follow-up period to 2 years of age. PMID- 6961738 TI - Dietary protein for low birthweight babies. Sources and assessment of requirements. AB - Breastmilk is the best food for low birthweight babies for the first critical week(s) of life. In subsequent weeks, during rapid growth, formulas specially designed for this group of infants may be superior to ordinary breast milk substitutes. Modifications comprise the composition of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Requirements of minerals and vitamins are probably different from those in babies with normal birthweights. A controlled study was done of feeding a formula containing unmodified cow's milk protein (mainly curd) as compared to one containing the same amount of modified cow's milk protein (curd and whey). Using as criteria anthropometry, nitrogen balance studies and plasma amino acid levels certain advantages were found when feeding the low birthweight babies the whey predominant formula. PMID- 6961739 TI - Taurine in the nutrition of the human infant. AB - The precise biological role of taurine is unknown apart from its conjugation with bile acids and xenobiotics. Evidence is accumulating, however, that taurine may have a more general biological role in development and membrane stability. Furthermore, there is a dietary requirement for taurine in the human infant. Whether or not it is "essential" in man, awaits further study. PMID- 6961740 TI - Effects of varying degrees of heat treatment on milk protein and its nutritional consequenses. AB - The loss of essential protein-nutrients by heat treatment of formula products has largely been eliminated by modern techniques employed by the food industry. Heat treatment of human milk reduces the biological activity of protein-like antimicrobial factors, but pasteurisation preserves most of the IgA-activity. Little is known about possible nutritional effects on low birthweight infants of heat treatment of human milk. In one study no impairment in nitrogen absorption or retention was observed. PMID- 6961741 TI - Body water metabolism in early infancy. AB - A short survey is given over water metabolism from early fetal life to infancy. The close connection between water metabolism and body composition is described as well as the changes taking place during growth. The impact of intrauterine malnutrition, delivery and postnatal nutrition is discussed, and it is pointed out how the premature infant differs from the full-term infant. PMID- 6961742 TI - Implications of limitation of renal function for the nutrition of low birthweight infants. AB - Renal function is immature in low-birth-weight infants. The glomerular filtration rate is low during the entire first month of life. It is 20-50% of that observed in older children and adults. This limits the excretory capacity of the kidney and might set an upper limit for the protein intake. The capacity to reabsorb bicarbonate is not fully developed. This predisposes the low-birth-weight infant to metabolic acidosis. The capacities to excrete sodium when in positive sodium balance and to retain sodium when in negative sodium balance are limited. If the daily sodium balance is not well monitored, conditions of negative sodium balance with hyponatremia as well as of positive sodium balance with hypernatremia might occur. PMID- 6961743 TI - Symposium on nutrition of low birthweight infants. Lund, March 5-6, 1981. PMID- 6961744 TI - The mucosal immune response in the neonate. AB - Human infants are relatively deficient in the IgA system defending mucosal membranes, but are provided via the maternal milk with considerable amounts of SIgA directed against microbes and food antigens to which both mother and infant are exposed. It is possible that serum antibodies may support the mucosal defense as do the lactoferrin, lysozyme and other defense factors present in the milk. PMID- 6961746 TI - Early postnatal growth of low birthweight infants: what is optimal? AB - The question as to what is optimal depends on an examination of a number of questions which may be stated as follows: 1) Does physical growth as expressed by height and weight bear any relationship to functional or intellectual development? 2) Should postnatal growth of low birthweight (preterm) infants proceed at their presumed in utero growth rate? 3) Does caloric intake beyond a minimum level influence the growth rate and intellectual development of SGA infants? 4) What is optimal--or do we all need to be the same? These questions imply a projected benefit to nutritional techniques, amounts, and procedures. Against these must be balanced potential hazards which relate to a number of specific factors. These include the effort and expenditure of energies involved in feeding practices. The hazards inherent in gavage, intraluminal, and other forms of forced nutrition. Solute loading and the relationship of solute to free water content. The ommission of specific nutrients from any dietary regimen and the toxicity of other specific contents. A balanced approach combining all of these may best decide what is "optimal". PMID- 6961745 TI - The immune response of the intestinal mucosa to foreign proteins. AB - In order to prevent the penetration of intraluminal material such as micro organisms, food antigens, toxins etc. across the intestinal mucosa, a complex defence mechanism has been developed. This mechanism consists of non immunological defence with enzymatic detoxification as well as an immunological one. The nature of the immunological defence has been thoroughly elucidated during the past 10-15 years. This mechanism is in man based on a special local immunological resistance, where production of secretory IgA plays the main role. Immunoglobulin producing plasma cells appear relatively late after birth in the lamina propria of the gut mucosa. Therefore a physiological immaturity of the immunological defence during first weeks of life can be anticipated. The role of the immunological defence system in the control of dietary antigen penetration across gut epithelium has been much discussed. Circulating antibodies to cow's milk proteins in small infants after milk ingestion and the almost constant finding of such antibodies in high titre in patients with selective IgA deficiency even without intestinal disease indicate a highly significant function of this local immunity in antigen handling. It has been suggested that the apparently high incidence of food allergy in infancy is due to immaturity of this system. Cow's milk protein induced enteropathy is also strictly bound to this age group. PMID- 6961747 TI - Reservoir and emptying function of the stomach of the premature infant. AB - Gastric emptying of meals of human milk and infant formula was studied in 11 healthy preterm (AGA) infants using a marker dilution technique. Gastric emptying rate and gastric half-emptying time were compared with data from 17 healthy infants aged 4 weeks to 6 months. The amounts of human milk emptied from the stomach per 0.1 m2 of body surface area were 19.4 +/- 4.5 ml in preterm infants and 29.5 +/- 4.6 ml in term infants. The corresponding amounts with meals of infant formula were 13.8 +/- 2.8 and 22.7 +/- 4.2 ml, respectively. With the volumes given gastric half-emptying times for meals of human milk and infant formula were 25.1 +/- 11.5 and 51.9 +/- 9.8 min, respectively, in preterm infants. The corresponding half-emptying times for term infants were 48 +/- 15 and 78 +/- 14 min, respectively. The differences in gastric emptying rate as well as in gastric half-emptying time between the two meals were significant (p less than 0.01) both in preterm and term infants. PMID- 6961748 TI - Influence of thermoregulation on energy metabolism of the low birthweight infant. AB - By combining continuous measurements and recordings of (a) 02 consumption and CO2 production, (b) core, mean skin and temperature, (c) "radiative and convective" (R + C) heat loss, we have tried to assess the characteristics and effiency of different heating systems in the usual environment of an intensive care unit. PRELIMINARY RESULTS: minimal heat loss is obtained in an incubator with manual temperature control versus serocontrolled incubator on radiant heater; the radiant heater can maintain adequate core temperature but with higher than normal heat loss from the sides of the body and increased warming only of the skin facing the heater; metabotic rate measurements do not show any statistical difference between these various environments; both with an incubator and a radiant heater, a thin plastic sheet (used as heatshield) lowers "R + C" heat loss. PMID- 6961749 TI - Energy requirements and utilization of the low birthweight infant. AB - Energy balance data have been obtained on 24 well grown immature (AGA) infants (mean BW 1554 g) and 16 small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants (mean BW 1210 g) using bomb calorimetry on milk and excreta over 7-10 days periods. Simultaneous measurements of energy expenditure were made, using a Kipp diaferometer. The main findings were: At any particular gestational age, digestible energy (the proportion of dietary energy absorbed) was similiar in AGA and SGA infants. Energy digestibility improved with maturation in all infants. Retained (metabolisable) energy was also similar in AGA and SGA infants, and averaged 65% of the intake at 30 weeks, 78% at 32 weeks, and 85% at 40 weeks post-conceptional age. Weight gain was linearly correlated with metabolisable energy in AGA infants, an energy cost of approximately 24 kJ/g (5.7 kcal). Maintenance energy requirement at zero weight gain in AGA infants was approximately 270 kJ/kg/d (64 kcal/kg/d). Resting energy expenditure was significantly higher in SGA than in AGA infants, but postprandial metabolism was less. In spite of these differences, rates of weight gain were similar in the two groups of infants. Energy expended in activity was probably less than 20% of the total energy turnover in both groups of infants. Energy balance was profoundly impaired by acidosis in all infants. PMID- 6961750 TI - Bile acid metabolism in low birthweight infants. AB - The early synthesis of bile acids is described. From 28 weeks of gestation cholic acid is the predominating bile acid, but the bile acid pool is very small in preterm infants, leading to a low intraduodenal concentration of bile acids, especially during digestion of meals. Preliminary results indicate that preterm infants excrete less cholic and more 3 beta 0H5-cholenoic acid in the urine than fullterm infants indicating a functional minor pathway in the synthesis of chenodeoxycholic acid. The tetrahydroxylated bile acids, which tend to dominate in the urine of newborn, have been shown to be products of the most common bile acid in cholestatic adults, and may thus be the result of a "physiological cholestasis" in the newborn. PMID- 6961751 TI - Lingual lipase. Its role in lipid digestion in infants with low birthweight and/or pancreatic insufficiency. AB - At birth both pancreatic lipase and carboxylic ester hydrolase, two important lipolytic enzymes secreted by the pancreas, are present in duodenal contents but the activities of these enzymes are low. Another enzyme of possible importance in lipolysis is the lingual lipase which is secreted from serous glands present at the posterior part of the tongue. The enzyme is present already at birth and has been found in gastric contents from preterm infants in the 34th gestational week. The secretion of lingual lipase is stimulated by feeding and it is resistent against acid inactivation. The activity in gastric contents increases after feeding. This lipase hydrolyzes dietary triglycerides to mainly diglycerides and free fatty acids and may serve as a complement to the poorly developed pancreatic lipase activity. Furthermore, by the formation of polar lipolytic products the digestibility of dietary lipids in the duodenum may increase. Human milk lipase contributes to the lipolysis. It is inactive in the milk but becomes activated by the bile acids in the duodenum. Balance studies in preterm infants have shown that by pasteurization of human milk fat absorption decreases by one third. PMID- 6961752 TI - Fat absorption in low birthweight infants. AB - Studies on the incomplete fat absorption in newborns, particularly preterm ones, are reviewed. In the first week term breastfed newborns have a fat absorption coefficient of 91%. Lyophilization or pasteurigation reduces this figure in term as well as in preterm newborns. Excess Ca++ lowers fat absorption. So far, there is no evidence of immaturity of intracellular fat transport through the enterocyte. In the newborn low pancreatic lipase activity and low intraluminal bile salt concentrations appear to limit fat absorption. The most effective method to improve fat absorption in preterm babies seems to substitute part of the milk fat by medium-chain triglycerides. PMID- 6961754 TI - Trace metal requirements of preterm infants. AB - The elements zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and chromium are considered to be essential nutrients in man. It is known that they cross the placenta because they are all present in fetal bodies where they are presumably necessary for normal growth and development. Though deficiency of copper, zinc, selenium and chromium have been reported in man only copper and zinc deficiency have been described in premature infants. Typically, the deficiency develops late (between 3-6 months of age), at a time when the concentration in breastmilk is falling and before a mixed diet has been introduced. This late onset, together with data on body composition, suggests that preterm infants are born with stores -albeit small--of copper and zinc, as they are with iron. The stores may be depleted to a variable extent following birth by dietary insufficiency (particularly total parenteral nutrition), malabsorption and diarrhoea. This leads to severe deficiency in some infants and possibly less severe deficiency in many more, which may pass unrecognised because of difficulties in diagnosis. Dietary provision of a trace element should have two purposes. It should be sufficient to prevent the development of a deficiency state, and to provide enough to enable stores to be formed so that deficiency does not immediately occur if the diet is temporarily inadequate. No case of manganese, molybdenum, selenium or chromium deficiency has yet been described in preterm infants, but no systematic search for deficiency of these elements has yet been undertaken. PMID- 6961753 TI - Calcium and phosphorus economy of the preterm infant and its interaction with vitamin D and its metabolites. PMID- 6961755 TI - XVII Scandinavian Congress of Physiology and Pharmacology Reykjavik 1982. PMID- 6961756 TI - Preleukemic syndrome simulating SLE. A case report. AB - A 70-year-old man presented with symmetrical arthritis and arthralgias, Raynaud's phenomenon, pleurisy, fever, maculopapular erythema, leuko- and thrombocytopenia, anemia, antinuclear antibodies and hypocomplementemia. His bone marrow morphology was normal. During therapy with corticosteroids he developed pulmonary tuberculosis which responded well to tuberculostatic treatment. Approximately one year after onset of his initial symptoms, myeloblasts were seen in the blood and a few weeks later the bone marrow showed a myeloblastic leukemia. The patient did not respond to cytostatic treatment and died six weeks later. Although this patient presented symptoms suggesting the diagnosis of SLE, in retrospect his condition probably represented an unusual type of preleukemic syndrome. PMID- 6961757 TI - Peripheral vasospasm during beta-receptor blockade - a comparison between metoprolol and pindolol. AB - Ten men reported vasospastic symptoms in their hands during metoprolol treatment. They had no signs of occlusive arterial disease. The temperature reaction to local cooling was measured and no improvement was found after changing to pindolol. Vasospastic symptoms during beta-receptor blockade may arise in predisposed individuals irrespective of the type of beta-receptor antagonist used. PMID- 6961758 TI - Labetalol in resistant hypertension. AB - In 12 patients with resistant hypertension labetalol was added to existing therapy. The average dose was 1333 mg (range 400--3600). The subjects were followed up for three and a half years. Mean supine blood pressure (BP) was reduced from 202/123 to 163/103 mm Hg and mean standing BP from 193/127 to 144/100 mm Hg. Mean BP after exercise was 134/93 mm Hg. The main side-effect was postural hypotension during exercise, causing withdrawal of labetalol in two subjects. In patients with severe hypertension, resistant to several combinations of antihypertensive drugs, the addition of labetalol may lead to satisfactory BP reduction, especially when combined with a potent diuretic. PMID- 6961760 TI - Labetalol in the treatment of hypertension in patients with normal and impaired renal function. AB - Labetalol (Trandate) is a new antihypertensive agent with both alpha- and beta adrenoceptor blocking properties. In a double-blind cross-over study the antihypertensive action and side-effects of labetalol and propranolol were compared in 18 previously untreated outpatients with hypertension, WHO stage I- III. Mean daily dose of labetalol was 667 mg and of propranolol 129 mg. Labetalol reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the seated and upright position significantly more than propranolol. The pulse rate reduction was greater with propranolol. Side-effects were more pronounced with propranolol. The antihypertensive effect, effect on pulse rate and pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of 400 mg labetalol were studied in 6 patients with normal and 6 patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance less than 20 ml/min), all belonging to WHO stage I--II. A significant fall in pulse rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed in both groups, the duration being more than 25 h. No difference was found between the two groups. From the serum concentration-time curves the elimination rate constant, elimination half-life and area under the curve were calculated. The mean values of the two groups did not differ significantly. A pronounced interindividual variation was found in both groups. PMID- 6961759 TI - Treatment of hypertension in the elderly with labetalol. AB - The response of elderly hypertensive patients to labetalol, possessing alpha- and beta-blocking properties, was studied. The dosage was first titrated out and assessed in a double-blind cross-over trial. Altogether 24 patients were treated for one year. The dosage established during the titration period maintained its efficacy. In most cases 200 mg labetalol daily gave satisfactory result. The side effects were few. The only reason for discontinuance of the drug was gastrointestinal discomfort. Because of the low dosage, the typical side-effects of beta-blockade were lacking and alpha-blockade seemed to be well tolerated. The normal precautions in the treatment of elderly hypertensive patients should be observed. PMID- 6961761 TI - Labetalol, a combined alpha- and beta-blocker, in hypertension of pregnancy. AB - Labetalol was given to women with hypertension of pregnancy in their last trimester to study its acute effect on circulation and metabolism. Seven women were given 50 mg labetalol i v. There was a significant decrease of blood pressure from a mean of 143/101 +/- 4/2 (SEM) to 127/88 +/- 5/2 mm Hg. Maternal heart rate fell significantly from 77 +/- 5 to 68 +/- 3 beats per min. These changes persisted during a three-hour observation period. The hypotensive response was accompanied by a significant increase in plasma noradrenaline from 1.54 +/- 0.16 to 2.37 +/- 0.41 nmol/l, suggesting sympathetic activation. Plasma cyclic AMP, which is increased by beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulation, was significantly elevated after labetalol. This supports the hypothesis of partial beta-agonist activity of labetalol. Lipid metabolism, as judged from measurements of plasma FFA, glycerol and 3-hydroxybuturic acid, showed little change. The acute effect of labetalol on uteroplacental blood flow was determined in eight women with pregnancy hypertension using a gammacamera on line with a computer. 0.5 mCi indium-113m was given i v before and 30 min after labetalol was administered i v in a dose of 1 mg per kg body weight. After the injections of indium-113m, serial scintigrams were recorded during 10 s periods for 240 s. By computerized summation of the scintigrams, an image was obtained in which the placenta could be outlined for time-activity analysis of the isotope accumulation curve. From this curve a uteroplacental blood flow index could be calculated. Labetalol induced a significant drop of mean arterial blood pressure from 114 +/- mm Hg to 100 +/- 3 mm Hg after 30 min in this group of women. However, the uteroplacental blood flow index did not change. As we have earlier shown with this technique that uteroplacental blood flow can be severely impaired in hypertension of pregnancy, the finding of substained uteroplacental blood flow simultaneously with a decrease in blood pressure should be of clinical importance. Taken together with other studies of clinical effects, these results indicate that labetalol is useful in the treatment of hypertension of pregnancy. PMID- 6961763 TI - Effects of labetalol and propranolol on the peripheral circulation in hypertensive patients. AB - Eleven patients with essential hypertension participated in a double-blind cross over comparison of labetalol (L) and propranolol (P). Each drug was given for 5- 8 weeks. The dose reducing the supine diastolic blood pressure when given b.d. to or below 90 mm Hg was titrated out. At the end of each period, isometric exercise (sustained handgrip) and calf plethysmography were performed. L (mean daily dose 636 mg) was slightly more effective in lowering supine and standing blood pressure than P (mean dose 276 mg). There was no significant difference between the drugs in their effect on the blood-pressure response to handgrip. However, compared with no treatment, L attenuated the blood-pressure rise at near-maximal handgrip; this has not been reported with other beta-blockers. Resting vascular resistance and basal vascular tone were significantly lower (20%, p less than 0.05) during treatment with labetalol than when the patients were taking propranolol. - The differences may be explained by the alpha-receptorblocking action of labetalol. PMID- 6961762 TI - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of labetalol in healthy young men. AB - Single doses of labetalol (200 mg i.v. over 5 min, 200 and 400 mg orally) were given to five healthy men on three different occasions. Plasma levels were followed for up to 25 h and blood pressure for 5 h. The elimination half-life was 1.6 to 8.5 h for the first 8 h. The oral bioavailability ranged from 4 to 23%. All doses induced a significant fall in systolic blood pressure at 2 h, the peak effect occurring at 30--120 (mean 63-72) min. After intravenous administration the peak supine blood-pressure fall was significant for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and occurred 16 min after administration. PMID- 6961764 TI - The natural history of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Malmo. PMID- 6961765 TI - Changes in surface markers of human monocytes following their in vitro maturation to macrophages. PMID- 6961768 TI - Ascariasis in the pig. An epizootiological and clinical study. PMID- 6961766 TI - Functional assessment of alveolar macrophages in allergic asthmatic patients. PMID- 6961767 TI - Implications for thromboxane A2 in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock. AB - During endotoxemia there is increased synthesis of arachidonic-acid-derived metabolites. We investigated the potential deleterious role of the proaggregatory vasoconstrictor, thromboxane A2, an arachidonic acid metabolite, in the endotoxic shocked rat. Plasma levels of thromboxane B2, the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable metabolite of PGI2, and PGE were measured via radioimmunoassay. We also investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase imidazole and 7(1-imidazolyl)-heptanoic acid (7 IHA), in endotoxic shocked rats. Thirty minutes after intravenous (IV) administration of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (20 mg/kg), plasma immunoreactive thromboxane B2 (TxB2) was increased from nondetectable levels (less than 200 pg/ml) in normal nonshocked rats to 2207 +/- 282 pg/ml (N = 16). The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha level was increased from nondetectable levels to 840 +/- 59 pg/ml (N = 8), and prostaglandin E rose from 146 +/- 33 to 2160 +/- 606 pg/ml (N = 5). Ibuprofen (3.75 mg/kg) or indomethacin (10 mg/kg) administered IV 30 min prior to endotoxin (20 mg/kg) improved the survival rate to 81% (N = 15, P less than 0.001) and 78% (N = 17, P less than 0.001), respectively, compared to the 24 hr survival of 8% (N = 26) in the vehicle-treated rats. Ibuprofen also inhibited the endotoxin-induced elevation of TxB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products. Imidazole (30 mg/kg) or 7-IHA (30 mg/kg), IV, 30 min prior to endotoxin improved survival 65% (N = 11) and 81% (N = 15), respectively. These drugs also inhibited endotoxin-induced elevations in TxB2 and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products, but did not inhibit endotoxin-induced elevations in plasma PGE. These results are consistent with the suggestion that TxA2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock. PMID- 6961769 TI - "Protection factor" referring to a measure of respirator performance. PMID- 6961770 TI - Determination of critical anthropometric parameters for design of respirators. AB - The objectives of this study were 1) to collect useful anthropometric data from 243 workers fit-tested in a continuing respirator fit-test program; and 2) to determine correlation between anthropometric data and Protection Factor obtained from quantitative fit-testing for half-mask respirators. Anthropometric data were collected from two direct facial measurements [nasal root breadth (NRB), and face length (FL)] and five indirect facial measurements [nose length, nose protrusion, chin length, mouth width (MW), and face width (FW)] from front- and side-view slides of test subjects. For quantitative analysis, the anthropometric data collected in this study were normalized with relevant respirator dimensions (for four different brands and ten sizes). Results of linear regression analysis indicated that correlation coefficients between Protection Factor and anthropometric data (FL, MW, FW and NRB) were respectively - 0.04, 0.22, 0.30 and 0.04. These correlation coefficients are for white males without facial hair. The "critical" anthropometric parameters as apparent from the analysis were MW and FW. However, a person with certain combination(s) of multiple anthropometric parameters may provide a better correlation with Protection Factor. PMID- 6961771 TI - Childhood monosomy 7 syndrome. AB - In recent years, chromosomal aberrations in various hematologic disorders have raised a great deal of interest. In fact, several nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities are now recognized to be responsible for a specific type of dyshemopoiesis while others are closely associated with characteristic hematologic features. Monosomy C, later shown to be monosomy 7 by different banding methods, has been described in children in relation to a peculiar myeloproliferative disorder. Retrospective analysis of early cases published in the literature and a recent observation that we wish to report suggest that the most consistent phenotypic expression of monosomy 7 is an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections related to a preleukemic dyshemopoiesis. Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is the terminal event of this peculiar preleukemic syndrome, and thus suggests that monosomy 7 involves a stem cell already committed to myeloid differentiation. PMID- 6961772 TI - Brief clinical report: a child with radius aplasia, cleft of lip and palate, microcephaly, and unusual chromosome findings. PMID- 6961773 TI - Holographic measurement of incisor extrusion. AB - A technique based on pulsed laser hologram interferometry was used to study the dynamics of incisor extrusion. Maxillary central incisors of four subjects were loaded with forces acting along the long axis of the tooth, and the resulting motions were measured noninvasively in three dimensions. The incisor translations and rotations were used to determine centers of rotation. The experimentally determined centers of rotation are shown to depend on tooth root geometry and are found to lie at a vertical level coincident with the centroid of the root. PMID- 6961774 TI - Effects of incisor repositioning on monkey periodontium after expansion through the cortical plate. AB - The anterior teeth of five adult pigtail monkeys were moved lingually to correct a previously induced extreme labial displacement. (Roots had been moved through the labial bone to create bone dehiscence, loss of attachment, and gingival recession.) Eight months later, repositioning was performed with fixed appliances (Fig. 3). The teeth were retained in their more normal arch position for 5 months, after which clinical and histologic measurements were made of several periodontal parameters. The canines were not moved and served as reference teeth. Measurements were made to record changes in the levels of the gingival margin, the mucogingival junction, and the marginal bone relative to a fixed point on the tooth crowns, and the width of keratinized gingiva. Oxytetracycline was administered three times to label areas of osteogenesis in the periodontium. The incisors were retracted lingually a mean of 1.8 mm. The marginal bone level increased (moved coronally) a mean of 2.5 mm. and 3.1 mm. for maxillary and mandibular incisors, respectively (Table II). The tetracycline labels showed that osteogenesis occurred in the periodontium to a significant degree. The anchor canines had a loss of 1.1 mm. marginal bone (moved apically). Effects on gingival clefts and keratinized gingiva were slight. These observations demonstrate that in monkeys reapposition of labial bone can occur in a coronal direction, once teeth in extreme labial position with bone dehiscence and gingival recession are moved to a more normal environment. The effects on the periodontal soft tissues (width of keratinized gingiva, recession, attachment level) were, on the other hand, negligible in this study. PMID- 6961776 TI - Effect of long-term immersion corrosion on the flexural properties of nitinol. AB - This study suggests that sporadic failure of nitinol orthodontic wire is due to the presence of surface defects generated during manufacturing and not to the effects of corrosion. The flexural properties were evaluated for both control and corroded samples of nitinol wires and were not found to be statistically different. Fractured surfaces of control as well as corroded samples following bending were examined by scanning electron microscopy to determine the mode of failure. PMID- 6961775 TI - Physiologic permanent retention following space closure. AB - Clinical orthodontists recognize that mechanical treatment of excessive space represents a minimum technical challenge. However, retention of this space closure may represent a major challenge to the clinician. With the introduction of direct-bond materials, the patient may benefit from a conservative, noninvasive, fixed retainer. The design described in this article features two main advantages: physiologic action and maximum cleansibility. PMID- 6961777 TI - Intra- and interexaminer variability in head posture recorded by dental auxiliaries. AB - Determination of the natural head position is essential in the esthetic assessment of the facial profile and could be of value in prediction of facial developmental trends. Recording of head posture has previously been performed in university clinics under experimental conditions. The purpose of the present study was to examine the reliability of a method that dental auxiliaries could use for routine recording of the natural head posture in children in an orthodontic clinic. The material comprised thirty orthodontic patients 6 to 15 years of age and recorded on two occasions 1 to 35 days apart. The auxiliary staff consisted of three different operators. The duplicate cephalometric head films were analyzed separately for the groups of patients recorded by each of the three operators. The data were also divided into one group recorded by the same operator and another group recorded by different operators at the first and the second occasions. No systematic difference between the first and the second recordings was found for the patients examined by each of the three operators or for the groups examined by the same or by different operators. The error of the method for the whole group was 2.3 degrees for the position of the head in relation to the true vertical (NSL/VER), 3.1 degrees for the cervical inclination (OPT/HOR), and 3.4 degrees for the craniocervical angulation (NSL/OPT). The method was found to yield sufficient reproducibility and is suggested to be of clinical value in the study of head posture in relation to orthodontic treatment. PMID- 6961779 TI - Hemifacial microsomia treated with the Herbst appliance. Report of a case analyzed by means of roentgen stereometry and metallic implants. AB - The effect of Herbst appliance treatment on facial growth of one patient was recorded in terms of displacement of the mandible and the maxillary bones in relation to the frontal bone. The recordings were made with an accuracy of 0.1 degree and 0.05 mm. (S.D.). Before treatment the jaws were displaced posteriorly and to the affected side with growth, increasing the degree of retrognathia and facial asymmetry. During treatment facial growth was redirected and the jaws were displaced anteriorly and to the unaffected side, decreasing th degree of retrognathia and asymmetry. At the same time, however, the tilt of the mandible to the affected side was increased, possibly because of the morphologic and functional conditions of the jaws in hemifacial microsomia. The dental malocclusion was corrected partly through displacement of the jaws and partly through dentoalveolar adaptation. PMID- 6961780 TI - Cephalometric measurements. PMID- 6961778 TI - Incidence of canal calcification in the orthodontic patient. AB - References in the endodontic literature specifically warn that orthodontic treatment may initiate the formation of secondary dentin deposition within a tooth to the extent of obstructing the entire root canal. Comparison of forty-six orthodontically treated patients with a control group of age- and sex-matched patients who had not undergone orthodontic treatment revealed two orthodontically treated patients with a total of three teeth that showed evidence of canal calcification. Although this incidence is not statistically significant, the clinical significance of canal calcification in the orthodontic population is discussed. PMID- 6961781 TI - The mechanism of Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation. AB - Sagittal skeletal and dental changes contributing to Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment were evaluated quantitatively on lateral roentgenograms. The material consisted of forty-two Class II. Division 1 malocclusion cases. Twenty-two of these were treated with the Herbst appliance for 6 months. The other twenty cases served as a control group. The results of the investigation revealed the following: (1) Bite jumping with the Herbst appliance resulted in Class 1 occlusal relationships in all treated cases. (2) The improvement in occlusal relationships was about equally a result of skeletal and dental changes. (3) Class II molar correction averaging 6.7 mm. was mainly a result of a 2.2 mm. increase in mandibular length, a 2.8 mm. distal movement of the maxillary molars, and a 1.0 mm. mesial movement of the mandibular molars. (4) Overjet correction averaging 5.2 mm. was mainly a result of a 2.2 mm. increase in mandibular length and a 1.8 mm. mesial movement of the mandibular incisors. (5) Anterior condylar displacement (0.3 mm.), redirection of maxillary growth (0.4 mm.), and distal movement of the maxillary incisors (0.5 mm.) were of minor importance in the improvement in molar and incisor relationships seen. (6) A direct relationship existed between the amount of bite jumping at the start of treatment and the treatment effects on the occlusion and on mandibular growth. For a maximal treatment response, it is suggested that the Herbst appliance be constructed with the mandible jumped anteriorly as much as possible, namely, to an incisal edge-to-edge position. The clinician should be aware of the dental changes occurring during Herbst appliance treatment and make sure that these changes are not incongruous with his over-all treatment goal. PMID- 6961782 TI - Primate experiments on mandibular growth direction. AB - Induced oral respiration in eight growing monkeys led to a lowering of the chin, a steeper mandibular plane angle, and an increase in the gonial angle as compared with eight control animals. The posterior border of the mandible maintained its normal inclination relative to the skull. The mandible underwent a posterior rotation in the experimental animals and an anterior rotation in the controls. The findings suggest that the position of the chin and the inclination of the mandibular plane are controlled by the balance between the suprahyoid and the orofacial muscles. Since the posterior border of the ramus undergoes gradual remodeling and maintains its normal inclination, it is assumed that the masticatory muscles are not significantly affected by the altered respiratory function. It is therefore concluded that the ramus with the masticatory muscles and the chin with its suprahyoid and orofacial muscles represent two relatively independent systems. PMID- 6961783 TI - Multilingual-bracket and mushroom arch wire technique. A clinical report. AB - Research was conducted for the purpose of developing an orthodontic treatment technique which would be both hygienic and esthetically pleasing. In order to achieve this goal, the treatment technique made use of orthodontic forces coming from the lingual surfaces of the teeth. The development of the lingual-bracket and mushroom-arch appliance has been reported on previously. General and clinical features of this new technique are discussed in addition to concentration on Class II cases. PMID- 6961784 TI - The influence of lip thickness and strain on upper lip response to incisor retraction. AB - Placement of teeth according to accepted cephalometric criteria does not necessarily ensure that overlying soft tissue will drape in a harmonious manner. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of maxillary lip thickness and lip strain on the relationship between dental and integumental tissue changes in orthodontically treated patients. Data were derived from pretreatment and retention lateral cephalometric head films of forty Caucasian subjects with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions. All patients were treated with edgewise appliances. Percentile groups were created for males and females according to the magnitude of maxillary lip thickness and lip strain. It was found that there was significant correlation between osseous changes and soft tissue changes in both males (r= 0.83, p less than 0.01) and females (r = 0.85, p less than 0.01). Strong correlations were found between osseous changes and soft tissue changes in subjects with thin lips (males, r equal to 0.92, p less than 0.01; females, r = 0.98, p less than 0.01), whereas no significant correlations were found in subjects with thick lips. Significant correlations were found between incisor changes and vermillion border changes in males (r = 0.61, p less than 0.01) and females (r = 0.51, p less than 0.05). Correlations were strong between incisor changes and vermilion border changes in subjects with high lip strain (males, r equal 0.92, p less than 0.01; females, r = 0.82, p less than 0.05) but were significant in subjects with low lip strain. PMID- 6961786 TI - Postural response of the head to bite opening in adult males. AB - The postural position of the head is a resultant of muscular interactions and reactions, influenced by gravity and functional demands. In order to investigate possible postural adaptation of the head to an altered functional status, a standard degree of jaw opening was produced by mechanical means in the mouths of thirty young males. There was an extension of the head associated with the jaw separation. In the majority of cases, a recovery to approximately the original posture resulted within 1 hour after removal of the bite-opening device. PMID- 6961785 TI - Hereditary factors in the craniofacial morphology of Angle's Class II and Class III malocclusions. AB - We attempted to assess the role of heredity in the development of Angle's Class II and Class III malocclusions by comparing craniofacial morphologic differences between parents with Class II offspring and those with Class III offspring and by analyzing the parent-offspring correlations within each Class II and Class III malocclusion group. Lateral and frontal roentgenographic cephalograms were obtained for ninety-six patients with Class II malocclusion, 104 patients with Class III malocclusion, and their respective parents. Mean cephalometric profile diagrams were superimposed between the two groups of parents as well as between their offspring. Within the two groups, the parent-offspring correlation coefficients were computed for nineteen variables connecting cephalometric landmarks. The differences in the craniofacial complex were evident in the two groups of parents as well as in their offspring. High correlation coefficient values were seen between parents and their offspring in the Class II and Class III groups. Thus, there appears to be a strong familial tendency in the development of Class II and Class III malocclusions. We conclude that the hereditary pattern must be taken into consideration in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with these classes of malocclusion. PMID- 6961787 TI - Oscillating orthodontic environment. PMID- 6961788 TI - Analytical mechanics and analysis of orthodontic tooth movements. PMID- 6961789 TI - Maxillonasal dysplasia. PMID- 6961790 TI - The divine proportion. PMID- 6961791 TI - On the cephalometrics of skeletal change. AB - This essay introduces the general tensor analysis of skeletal change for landmark data. Consider first a single triangle of landmarks at two times. Joint changes in the lengths of its sides, or in the positions of its vertices according to some coordinate system, may be taken to specify a uniform deformation of the entire interior. The biorthogonal method expresses this by a pair of principal dilatations--maximum and minimum rates of change in length--along directions lying at 90 degrees in some orientation upon the triangle. No analysis of static form is involved in their calculation, which measures shape change without measuring shape. From this basic biorthogonal decomposition, we pass by a suitable averaging to descriptions of mean change in groups of diverse initial form and subsequently to explicit comparison of two mean changes, such as "treatment effect," all in the same parameters: two dilatations and an orientation. Schemes of more than three landmarks may be analyzed by reduction to triangles. I exemplify the method using data from Sheldon Baumrind's study of Angle Class II treatment effects. With respect to the growth observed in a "control" group of untreated Class II cases, both "cervical" (headgear) and "intraoral" (activator) appliances have the effect of compression a facial polygon horizontally (parallel to S-N) by about 1 percent per year and extending it vertically (perpendicular to S-N) by about 1 percent per day. These effects are slightly larger for the cervical treatment, which also causes an increase in the distance from nasion to the line sella-ANS (that is, "rotates the face downward") by some 1 percent per year relative to the growth observed in the controls. PMID- 6961792 TI - Comparison of the elastic properties of nickel-titanium and beta titanium arch wires. AB - The elastic strength, stiffness, and range of two titanium alloys are compared as a function of wire configuration. From the four beta titanium and eight nickel titanium sizes available, all arch wire permutations were evaluated both in bending and in torsion. Results show that the stiffnesses of the two alloy compositions overlap substantially, except for those wires with the lowest and the highest stiffnesses--that is, the 0.016 and 0.018 inch nickel-titanium and the 0.017 by 0.025 and 0.019 by 0.025 inch beta titanium arch wires, respectively. To conclude, both "variable-cross-section" and "variable-modulus" orthodontics are illustrated within the context of an equivalent wire stiffness chart which includes conventional stainless steel arch wires. PMID- 6961793 TI - Mechanical properties of orthodontic wires in tension, bending, and torsion. AB - The mechanical properties of three sizes of stainless steel (SS), nickel-titanium (NT), and titanium-molybdenum (TM) orthodontic wires were studied in tension, bending, and torsion. The wires (0.016 inch, 0.017 by 0.025 inch, and 0.019 by 0.025 inch) were tested in the as-received condition. Tensile testing and stiffness testing machines along with a torsional instrument were used. Mean values and standard deviations of properties were computed. The data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance using a factorial design. Means were ranked by a Tukey interval calculated at the 95 percent level of confidence. In tension, the stainless steel wires had the least maximum elastic strain or springback, whereas the titanium-molybdenum wires had the most. Higher values of springback indicate the capacity for an increased range of activation clinically. In bending and torsion, the stainless steel wires had the least stored energy at a fixed moment, whereas the nickel-titanium wires had the most. Spring rates in bending and torsion, however, were highest for stainless steel wires and lowest for nickel-titanium wires. A titanium-molybdenum teardrop closing loop delivered less than one half the force of a comparable stainless steel loop for similar activations. PMID- 6961795 TI - Incisor shape and incisor crowding: a re-evaluation of the Peck and Peck ratio. AB - Although lower incisor tooth shapes, defined as mesiodistal length divided by labiolingual width, have bee proposed as important factors in lower incisor crowding, the question of whether or not these ratios are more useful than simple measurements of incisor mesiodistal length has not been addressed. In order to test this question, we measured mesiodistal and labiolingual incisor dimensions and lower incisor crowding (defined as the crowding index proposed by Little) on dental casts from two groups: 100 pretreatment orthodontic patients and 100 Hutterites from a religious isolate in Canada. The orthodontic patients are our primary interest. The Hutterites serve mainly to test whether or not results are consistent in another population of different ethnicity, age distribution, and occlusal status. In each population, incisor crowding is correlated with the tooth shape ratios, confirming the general observations of Peck and Peck. However, mesiodistal incisor lengths have slightly higher correlations with crowding than the shape ratios. In multiple regression equations to predict crowding in each population, incisor mesiodistal lengths are the most important variable, and neither the tooth shape ratios nor labiolingual widths significantly improve the equations. Although statistically significant, none of the correlations is higher than 0.30, and they are thus of little clinical value. The use of tooth size measurements or ratios as a guide to clinical procedures is an oversimplification of a complex problem. PMID- 6961794 TI - Longitudinal changes in the maxilla and the maxillary-mandibular relationship between 8 and 17 years of age. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the maxilla and the maxillary-mandibular relationship as they relate to standing height, which is one indicator of skeletal maturation. The subjects for this study consisted of twenty males and fifteen females for whom cephalograms were taken annually between the ages of 8 and 17 years. Descriptive statistics summarized the changes in standing height and the facial parameters from 8 to 17 years of age. Analysis of variance was used to describe the linear and angular changes and also to compare the mean growth profiles of each of the facial parameters to the growth profile for standing height. Autocorrelation analysis was used to assess the predictability of the growth profiles of the facial parameters from the profile of standing height for the same person. Three periods of growth were also compared: premaximum, maximum, and postmaximum. The findings in the present investigation indicated that (1) the growth profile of the absolute and incremental changes in standing height and the various facial parameters were in general significantly different between males and females; (2) the growth profile of standing height was significantly different from the parameters describing maxillary length and relationship as well as maxillary-mandibular relationship; (3) the changes in maxillary length (A-Ptm) were significantly larger in the maximum period of growth than the other two periods of growth for both males and females; (4) the changes in maxillary relationship were significantly different in the maximum period of growth than in the other two periods of growth in males only; (5) the change in maxillary-mandibular relationship was not significantly different in the three periods of growth; (6) autocorrelation analysis revealed that the growth profile of the facial parameters could not be predicted from the growth profile of standing height of the same individual; that is, the growth profile of height was found to have little predictive value in determining the growth profile of any of the other parameters. The present findings as well as those of a previous investigation indicate that treatment of anteroposterior discrepancies should be initiated as soon as the orthodontist believes that treatment is indicated, rather than waiting for the pubertal "spurt," since the presence, magnitude, and timing of such events in any one patient are highly unpredictable, at least to the degree that renders them clinically useful to the orthodontist. PMID- 6961796 TI - Lead acetate uptake in the nasal septum during midfacial growth in Macaca fascicularis. AB - Growth of the bone structures of the nasal septum was studied in two young Macaca fascicularis (human age, 8 to 9 years) that received serial injections of lead acetate as a maker. The nasal septum in these monkeys is a thin, fragile, but morphologically complex, structure. A number of adjustment sites to the lengthening of the midface were observed, namely, at the cranial surface, at the junction of the bulbous perpendicular plate of the vomer and the nasal septum, and at the inferior junction of the vomer and palate. No apparent growth site was present at the interface of the septal cartilage with the vomer. Results suggest that the nasal septum in Macaca fascicularis adapts to growth changes in the midface. PMID- 6961797 TI - Quantitative assessment of intrapulpal axon response to orthodontic movement. AB - Nerve fiber changes are of potential concern during tooth movement. Quantitative and qualitative assessments using electron microscopy of nerve fibers entering the tooth give an indication of change in the remainder of the pulp. Eight healthy mandibular first premolars were selected from four subjects, so that respective pairs had open apices and short-term movement, open apices and long term movement, closed apices and short-term movement, and closed apices and long term movement. These were compared to forty-nine untreated control teeth. No significant differences in myelinated or unmyelinated axon number were observed between experimental and control teeth. Altered myelin figures, possibly degenerating, were observed in only a small percentage of axons in teeth moved for a short period. No alterations were observed in teeth moved for long periods. It is concluded that intrapulpal axon alterations are minimal and not progressive with conservative orthodontic tooth movement. PMID- 6961798 TI - An evaluation of eccentric occlusal contacts in orthodontically treated subjects. AB - An investigation using Citricon base regulations to record the number and type of centric occlusion-initiated eccentric contacts failed to demonstrate a difference between forty-nine treated orthodontic patients and twenty-seven untreated subjects who were judged to have "ideal" static occlusion. Of the treated and untreated subjects, 97 percent and 85 percent, respectively, had nonworking (balancing) side occlusal contacts. This study illustrates that among the orthodontic patients treated at one university the number of eccentric occlusal contacts is similar to that of a sample of untreated subjects. PMID- 6961799 TI - Radiation--diffusion or confusion. PMID- 6961800 TI - Anterior mandibular displacement and condylar growth. An experimental study in the rat. AB - Anterior displacement of the mandible was produced in twenty-eight 1-month-old female rats by two methods: (1) cast-gold splints cemented to the maxillary incisor teeth and (2) a removable stainless steel mesh appliance worn 6 hours each day, during which time the animals were sedated. The controls were littermates without appliances and in the mesh group were also sedated. Animals in the splint group were killed after 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month; those in the mesh group were killed after 24 hours and after 1 week. the condyles were removed and cultured for 24 hours in medium containing 3H-thymidine. One condyle from each animal was processed for routine histologic and autoradiographic study. The other was digested in phosphate-buffered saline containing RNA-ase and pronase, and the specific activity of 3H-thymidine incorporation expressed as dpm/microgramDNA. Anterior mandibular displacement produced by both methods failed to result in a significant increase in the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into explant DNA. In the 7-day mesh experiment, however, there was a significant increase in the DNA content of the condylar explants from the displacement group, suggesting an increase in the cell population. This finding should be treated with caution because of the small numbers of animals involved, but it indicates an important area for further study. Changes in the distribution of labeled cells within the proliferative zone (PZ) were also observed autoradiographically in the mesh group, but there was little to suggest that mandibular displacement was accompanied by a significant increase in cell division within the PZ. Remodeling changes affecting both the articular tissue and the subchondral bone were a characteristic feature of the 1-month bit plane group. PMID- 6961801 TI - Histologic analysis of temporomandibular joint adaptation to protrusive function in young adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - It is generally believed that the adult temporomandibular joint is incapable of a significant adaptive response to forces produced by functional jaw orthopedics. To evaluate this view, twelve young adult female rhesus monkeys were fitted with functional protrusive appliances for periods ranging from 2 to 24 weeks. Histologic analysis of the temporomandibular joint demonstrated that six of the experimental animals exhibited a tissue response that was qualitatively similar to that noted in juvenile animals. However, the response in young adults was greatly reduced in magnitude from that seen in juveniles and was not related to duration of treatment. It must also be noted that three adult animals developed cross-bites in response to appliance placement, and three animals who functioned anteriorly exhibited little or no detectable condylar response. This study indicates that while some adaptive capability may still be present in the temporomandibular joints of young adults, the potential magnitude of the joint response is limited and highly variable in occurrence. PMID- 6961802 TI - Maturation indicators and the pubertal growth spurt. AB - The pubertal growth spurt and dental, skeletal, and pubertal development have been investigated in a prospective longitudinal study of 212 randomly selected Swedish children by means of maturation level indicators suitable for use in clinical orthodontics. The sample was examined from birth to adulthood and included a representative proportion of early-, average-, and late-maturing subjects. The number of dropouts and missing examinations was low and was allowed for in the statistical analysis. The results may therefore be considered representative for Swedish children. There was a 2-year sex difference in age at the beginning, peak, and end of the pubertal growth spurt in standing height. The individual variation was about 6 years at each event in both sexes. Dental development in relation to the pubertal growth was more advanced in boys than in girls, but the individual variation was great in both sexes. Skeletal development at the beginning and peak was more advanced in girls than in boys, whereas at the end of the pubertal growth spurt the skeletal development was more advanced in boys. Dental development, determined by means of dental emergence stages (DES), was not useful as an indicator of the pubertal growth spurt. The peak and end- but not the beginning--of the pubertal growth spurt could be assessed by means of indicators taken from the skeletal development of the hand and wrist and the pubertal development (menarche and voice change). PMID- 6961803 TI - Mandibular prognathism: a cineradiographic analysis of mandibular and hyoid bone movements before and after surgical correction. AB - A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of surgical treatment of mandibular prognathism on mandibular and hyoid movements during speech and swallowing in fourteen individuals. The material consisted of cineradiographic records of adult prognathic patients before and after the surgical correction. The records were obtained with a 16 mm, cinecamera at a speed of thirty-two frames per second. Image intensification was used, and the head of the patient was positioned in a cephalostat during the recording. Postoperative recordings were taken at about 1 month after the removal of intermaxillary fixation. To improve the accuracy of the analysis, templates of the skeletal structures were prepared. The following cephalometric landmarks were located and marked on the template: the tip of the upper central incisor, the occlusal plane, pogonion, and hyoid point. The coordinates of the cephalometric points were recorded by means of a Lysta dental digitizer linked to a Hewlett-Packard 9815A desk-top computer. The significance of the difference between the pre- and postoperative values was determined by the Student's test. The results were examined for variations in the vertical and horizontal ranges of movement and in the surface areas covered by pogonion and hyoid during movement. Correlation between several pairs of variants was tested. Large individual variations were found in the pattern and range of movement of the mandible and hyoid both pre- and postoperatively. The coefficients of correlation between several parameters showed some significant correlation, which disappeared after surgical correction. A general trend for a reduction in most parameters studied was shown. Some correlation between the amount of setback and the mandibular movement was also found. The hyoid and mandibular movements in tongue-reduction cases do not differ significantly. Lines of further investigation are suggested, with larger and possible more homogeneous samples. PMID- 6961804 TI - The psychological and social aspects of orthognathic treatment. AB - Cooperative management of dentofacial abnormalities by orthodontists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons has experienced tremendous growth in recent years. Frequently these patients have suffered considerable emotional trauma from ridicule of their deformity. This history of emotional abuse may influence the patient's attitude and expectations regarding corrective treatment and even lead to dissatisfaction in spite of technical success. Review of the literature and interviews with patients previously treated for dentofacial abnormalities revealed a very high rate of satisfaction. This high degree of satisfaction is in contrast to several studies involving patients undergoing cosmetic plastic surgery. However, in spite of over-all satisfaction, retrospective interviews identified a number of concerns which deserve additional attention. These concerns would be best approached with a preoperative interview to delineate the patient's motivation and expectations. Such an interview, including a cursory psychological evaluation, could provide increased insight and communication among orthodontist, surgeon, and patient. The results would help identify and prevent some of the pitfalls leading to patient dissatisfaction after treatment. PMID- 6961805 TI - The postnatal development of the palatomaxillary region studied on human autopsy material. AB - Greater understanding of the postnatal region of the maxilla is necessary if the normal growth of the maxillary complex, as well as its reaction to orthopedic forces, is to be comprehended. The area in question was studied at various stages of development, both on dry skulls and on autopsy material. The skull material demonstrated an increasing approximation between the palatal bone and the adjacent bones, the maxilla and pterygoid process. Disarticulation of the bones studied was possible only on skulls representing the infantile and earliest adolescent periods. Attempted disarticulation in the later juvenile and early adolescent periods was always accompanied by fracture of the heavily interdigitated osseous surfaces. The complexity of the articulating surfaces was studied further and, by means of quantitation of the bony surfaces, an "index of complexity" was calculated. The findings of the present study that the palatal bone acts as a "buffer" between two areas of differing intrinsic growth pattern and that the remodeling processes in the area seem to reflect different functional demands to the bony pharynx and the maxillary complex. The rigidity of the area as a result of the observed sutural complexity indicates that the center of rotation for the observed spatial changes in the maxillary complex as a result of orthopedic forces could be localized in the palatomaxillary region. PMID- 6961807 TI - Anterior open-bite and amelogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 6961806 TI - "Clinical alteration of the growing face": the Michigan Symposium through the eyes of the editor. Part I. PMID- 6961809 TI - Changes in nasolabial angle related to maxillary incisor retraction. AB - Changes in the nasolabial angle of the soft-tissue profile were assessed quantitatively in a serial cephalometric study of fifty treated subjects and forty-three untreated subjects, all of whom had Class II, Division 1 malocclusions. Correlations, simple and multiple regression analyses, and multifactorial analysis of variance were used to examine the changes in the nasolabial angle owing to incisor superius retraction and associated skeletal displacements. There were no significant changes in nasolabial angle because of growth. However, the greater the maxillary incisor retraction, the greater was the increase in nasolabial angle. Increase in the nasolabial angle showed a significant correlation with treatment-related increase in the vertical dimension of the lower face. The soft-tissue profile followed closely the underlying skeletal framework. Extraction and nonextraction treatment procedures did not show significant differences in the changes of the nasolabial angle. Results permit prediction of the changes in nasolabial angle owing to incisor superius retraction in orthodontic treatment. PMID- 6961810 TI - Possible sex-discriminant variables in craniofacial growth in clefting. AB - In this investigation, 174 patients with orofacial clefts were examined for identification of possible sex differences in craniodentofacial measurements. The patients were selected from the longitudinal growth files of the H. K. Cooper Clinic. Records available for analysis were serial lateral cephalometric radiographs from the age of 1 month to 10 years. Patients were grouped by cleft type and sex within each cleft group (78 cleft palate only, 64 unilateral cleft of lip and palate, 32 bilateral cleft of lip and palate). Stepwise discriminant analysis of fourteen linear and angular craniofacial dimensions was used to identify those variables which contributed to sex differences within each cleft group over the growth/time intervals examined. Results suggested the possibility of sex-related differences in growth timing, that is, earlier maturation and growth in females in several craniofacial areas which did not appear to be related to the presence, absence, or type of cleft but which could possibly modify cleft-specific responses to treatment (cranial base dimensions, face heights). Other sex-related differences appeared to be more specifically related to known sex differences in original cleft type and severity (mandibular size and position, midfacial dimensions). The manner in which these various sex factors interface with environmental and therapeutic influences in producing the ultimate craniodentofacial morphology in a given sex and cleft type is discussed. PMID- 6961808 TI - The segmented arch approach to space closure. AB - The clinical application of frictionless attraction springs using the segmented arch technique is described. Differential space closure is achieved by varying the force system between the anterior and posterior segments. A specially designed force transducer allowed accurate force and moment determination for each spring design. By duplicating predetermined spring geometries, the orthodontist can reproduce the required force system within narrow ranges. The most important considerations in the clinical use of attraction springs are the amount of distal activation, the angulation differential between the anterior and posterior teeth, and the centricity or eccentricity of the loop. Improvements in design have lead to a more efficient, hygienic, and comfortable mechanism for space closure. PMID- 6961811 TI - Experimental force analysis of the contraction utility arch wire. AB - An experimental apparatus consisting of a metal framework, a strain gauge, and a Wheatstone bridge was used to measure the retraction force delivered to the mandibular incisors by a contraction utility arch wire (0.016 by 0.016 inch blue Elgiloy). The contraction utility arch wire was activated 1 mm. and retraction forces were recorded as the deflection of a point image on an oscilloscope. The results indicated that the retraction forces at the incisor positions were reasonably within an optimal force range to move teeth quickly with minimal tissue damage and discomfort. However, the lateral incisor positions in both ovoid and narrow arch forms received significantly more force than the central incisor positions, and the narrow tapered arch form delivered more retraction force than the ovoid arch form. PMID- 6961812 TI - Relationship between lower arch spacing/crowding and facial height and depth. AB - Previous research into the origins of lower incisor crowding have not yet established the part played by skeletal morphology in its development. Longitudinal cephalometric records of twelve cases with spaced lower teeth were compared with those of twelve moderately crowded cases and twelve severely crowded cases. Significant differences were found between the three groups. These suggested that crowded cases are more likely to have larger Frankfort--mandibular and occlusal plane angles and shorter posterior face height and mandibular body. Both lower incisors and mandibular symphysis were found to be less protrusive in the crowded cases. During the period of study, from 8 years to 14 years, mandibular prognathism increased more in the spaced cases, although labial inclination of lower incisors increased less in these subjects. PMID- 6961813 TI - The ectopically erupted mandibular lateral incisor. AB - Seven cases of ectopically erupting permanent mandibular lateral incisors are reported and their orthodontic management is described. In severely crowded cases the ectopic lateral incisor was extracted. When complete transposition occurred, the teeth were aligned in their transposed positions. If malposition is detected early, orthodontic correction may prevent development of a transposition. Panoramic survey of the developing dentition at the age of 6 to 8 years is a very useful tool in the early detection of this as well as many other dental developmental anomalies. PMID- 6961814 TI - The orthodontist and hospital care. PMID- 6961815 TI - The MARS appliance. Report of a case. AB - Inconsistent wearing of functional appliances, intermaxillary Class II elastics, and headgear during the treatment of Class II malocclusions is a common concern of many orthodontists. The MARS (Mandibular Advancing Repositioning Splint) is a functional device designed to overcome many such cooperation deficiencies. The MARS appliance is a fixed functional device which is attached to the arch wires of a multibanded orthodontic appliance. It is composed of a piston and cylinder which attach to the lower canine and the upper molar region of the dental arch wires on each side of the jaw. It forces the patient to maintain the mandible in a protruded position 24 hours a day and yet allows full and complete opening and closing as well as lateral excursive movement. The design, method of attaching, and adjustment of the appliance during treatment are discussed, and the results achieved in a single case are described. The results being achieved in the pilot study so far are encouraging and are being pursued further. PMID- 6961817 TI - An investigation of linear dimensional changes as a function of temperature in an 0.010 inch 55cobalt-substituted annealed nitinol alloy wire. AB - There are two frequently used methods of aligning malposed teeth by means of an arch wire. The first method is to deflect and tie the arch wire, which has a low modulus of elasticity, into the deepest part of the bracket slot. This low modulus arch wire is not permanently deformed, and the elastic forces in it return the arch wire (which is tied to the bracket on the tooth) to its preformed shape. The second method is to stretch an elastic material (for example, Unitek ligature threads, Unitek Alastik modules, Ormco power threads, or Ormolast ligature modules) from the bracket tie wings to a preformed stiff arch wire which has a high modulus of elasticity and the teeth move from their malposed position to the stiff arch wire form. The objective of this investigation was to stretch a thermodynamic nitinol wire from 8 percent to 12 percent of its original length and measure the shrinkage of the wire in length. If the quantity of shrinkage of a 0.010-inch nitinol ligature type of wire were great enough, the second method of moving teeth to a stiff preformed arch wire by employing the thermodynamic nitinol stretched wire as a "wire rubber band" could be used to move teeth. This could serve as a possible alternative to Alastik and elastic modules in which there is a great deal of inherent force decay and permanent deformation. When the thermodynamic nitinol wire was heated through its transition temperature range, three different magnitudes of shrinkage occurred. The first was less than 1.0 percent of the original stretched length of the wire, the second was between 6 percent and 7 percent of the original stretched length of the wire, and the third was approximately 1.0 percent. PMID- 6961816 TI - Long-term assessment of orthodontic relapse. AB - The long-term stability of orthodontic treatment was evaluated in a group of ninety-six former patients who were treated between 12 and 35 years previously. Dental relationships were recorded on study models taken prior to orthodontic treatment, at the end of active treatment, and at long-term follow-up. A malocclusion score was developed for this study, and the over-all static occlusal relationships were categorized by defining an ideal range for eleven variables. Ninety of the ninety-six cases were within the ideal range at the end of treatment. Most of the cases showed an improvement of their malocclusions in the long-term stage. However, of the ninety-six subjects, sixty-nine (72 percent) had at least one variable outside our ideal range in the long-term follow-up. A moderately increased overjet and overbite was responsible in most instances for the result being outside the ideal range in the long term. The long-term result as compared to the original malocclusion exhibited increased overbite in 16 percent of the cases, increased mandibular anterior crowding in 9 percent of the cases, and increased overjet in 5 percent of the cases. The range of ideal, considering only the variables used in this study, will to some extent vary with the eye of the beholder. Therefore, the results of this study need to be interpreted accordingly. It is suggested that orthodontists be well aware of long term changes in dental relationships many years after treatment and take this into account when advising patients as to the potential benefits of orthodontic treatment. PMID- 6961818 TI - Long-term benefits of orthodontic treatment on oral hygiene. AB - The purpose of this project was to determine whether orthodontic patients have better oral hygiene than dental patients who have not received orthodontic treatment. A random sample of 158 boys and girls ranging from 11 to 15 years of age were selected for this project. Seventy-four had been treated orthodontically and seventy-four had not had orthodontic treatment. Gingivitis and plaque indices were used to measure the patients' oral hygiene. The patients who had received orthodontic treatment displayed superior oral hygiene to those dental patients who had not received orthodontic treatment. PMID- 6961819 TI - Root resorption after orthodontic treatment of traumatized teeth. AB - This study concerns the frequency and degree of root resorption in traumatized incisors that have been treated orthodontically. The subjects were twenty-seven patients (fifteen boys and twelve girls) with fifty-five traumatized incisors; fifty-five consecutive patients without traumatized teeth served as controls. All the control patients were treated with extraction of four first premolars and a fixed appliance (thirty-three with an edgewise and twenty-two with a Begg appliance). Signs of root resorption were registered with index scores from 0 to 4 (Fig. 1). The degree of root resorption in traumatized teeth was compared to that in the uninjured control teeth in the same patient and in the patients without trauma. Neither the intraindividual nor the interindividual comparisons support the hypothesis that traumatized teeth have a greater tendency toward root resorption than uninjured teeth. Root resorption (scores 2 to 4) was found in 51 percent of the traumatized incisors, in 43 percent of the incisors treated with edgewise appliances, and in 48 percent of those treated with Begg appliances. Traumatized teeth with signs of root resorption prior to orthodontic treatment may be more prone to root resorption during treatment. PMID- 6961820 TI - Principal components of craniofacial growth for white Philadelphia males and females between 6 and 22 years of age. AB - Three principal components, explaining 83 percent of the common variation for 999 males and females between 6 and 22 years of age, describe ontogenetic patterns of relationship for seven facial dimensions, including sella-nasion, sella-basion, nasion-prosthion, infradentale-menton, articulare-gnathion, gonion-gnathion, and articulare-gonion. Accounting for 65 percent of the variation, a general component associated with both size and shape defines size-required changes in proprotion during growth. Independent patterns of regional variation associated with alveolar remodeling (second component) and condylar growth (third component) describe specific sources of facial modification. Mean multivariate component scores reveal that sexual dimorphism, which progressively favors males over females with age, results from accumulating differences in size and related proportional changes in shape. The timing of the condylar growth spurt, as evident from variation in ramus height, produces secondary dimorphism which diminishes following the adolescent phase in males. Significant age effects are indicated for alveolar remodeling and mandibular growth of the condyle. PMID- 6961821 TI - Assessment of the therapeutic position for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. AB - The authors discuss the influence of mandibular displacement in intercuspal position (ICP) on orthodontic planning and treatment. The correct therapeutic position in orthodontics should be assessed on the basis of clinical and radiographic parameters. Posteroanterior cephalograms can be of great diagnostic value; deviation from the norm of some measurements is highly indicative of a mandibular displacement in ICP. A repositioning occlusal splint is then constructed in the therapeutic position before the definitive orthodontic treatment is started; the splint should lead to improvement of the clinical and cephalometric data. PMID- 6961822 TI - Functional appliances questioned. PMID- 6961823 TI - Microiontophoretic studies of angiotensin II and prostaglandin E2. Effects on neurons of the sensorimotor cortex in rabbits. PMID- 6961824 TI - Angiotensin II, prostaglandin E2 and ventromedial hypothalamus in the genesis of hypertensive states. PMID- 6961825 TI - Simultaneous detection of 35S- and 32P-labeled proteins on electrophoretic gels. PMID- 6961826 TI - Inhibition of artificially induced decidual cell reaction by indomethacin in the mature oophorectomized rat. AB - Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) is capable of inducing a decidual cell reaction (DCR) in the hormonally prepared rat. In the present work indomethacin, a PG synthetase inhibitor, was used to determine whether PGF2 alpha is involved in the DCR induced by artificial stimulation of the endometrium. Thirty-seven animals were oophorectomized and subsequently given daily injections of progesterone for 6 days and one injection of estradiol 17 beta on the fourth day. Later on the fourth day, one of several experimental maneuvers was carried out on the right uterine horn of each animal; these included: 1) introduction of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) twice into the uterus, 2) intrauterine injection of PGF2 alpha with no subsequent application or manipulation, 3) intrauterine injection of indomethacin followed by subsequent injection of PGF2 alpha, 4) intrauterine injection of indomethacin with subsequent artificial stimulation (scratch), 5) intrauterine injection of PBS with subsequent scratch, 6) scratch followed by injection of PBS, and 7) scratch followed by a second scratch. The extent of the ensuing DCR was assessed 48 h later by measurement of horn weight, by light and electron microscopy, by ranking the DCR, and by the mitotic index. Indomethacin significantly reduced the horn weight in animals treated with scratch but had a much less marked effect on animals treated with PGF2 alpha. Similarly the rank of the DCR and the mitotic index were significantly less in endometria treated by indomethacin with scratch than those treated by indomethacin with PGF2 alpha. From these findings it was concluded that the DCR induced by scratch was inhibited, but not abolished, when preceded by indomethacin. Conversely the DCR induced by PGF2 alpha was not inhibited by indomethacin, thus demonstrating that when local generation of PG is reduced or abolished, PGF2 alpha can sustain the decidual cell response. PMID- 6961828 TI - The development of septal and dental deformity from birth. AB - The findings on the development of dental, facial and septal conditions from birth to about 6 years of age include the following: 1) Septal configuration can be readily tested at birth, and if deformity is present, then deformity will still be present at age 6 years. 2) The internal septal configuration can be categorized into three types: type A: The septum is in the midline. type B: There is unilateral bending or kinking of the septum at the vomerine junction. type C: The septum is deformed to both sides in an S configuration. 3) Height of the palate does not predispose to septal deformity. 4) Dental abnormalities of rotation, compression or crowding of the teeth, asymmetry of width and height of the palate, and shift of the mandibular arch from the midline occur most frequently in cases of type B (88%), much less in type C and least in type A. 5) At birth one can predict that type B babies will have considerably more likelihood of developing occlusal abnormalities than type A babies. 6) The dental abnormalities in many of these subjects are of sufficient degree to expect that malocclusion will undoubtedly develop. Thus the same etiological factors producing septal abnormalities at birth must be considered to be factors producing many malocclusions. PMID- 6961830 TI - The mandible in class II, division 2. PMID- 6961827 TI - The University of North Carolina Pain Center. I. Organization and function. AB - The University of North Carolina Comprehensive Pain Center, which has been in existence since 1972, is a pain evaluation, treatment and research program based upon individual diagnosis, comprehensive evaluation, and individualized therapy. This is done within the framework of a concurrent program involving anesthesiologists, oral surgeons, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, physicians from family medicine, clinical psychologists, social workers and specialized nurses. The Center is organized in both the inpatient and outpatient modes. This presentation will briefly describe the operation of the Pain Center and discuss plans for future expansion. PMID- 6961832 TI - Late lower arch crowding in relation to primary crowding. PMID- 6961829 TI - An analysis of Black and Caucasian craniofacial patterns. PMID- 6961834 TI - Growth of the mandible during pubescence. AB - Annual cephalometric radiographs of 67 children were used to analyze mandibular growth during pubescence. Annual increments were calculated for articulare-gonion (Ar-Go), articulare-gnathion (Ar-Gn) and gonion-gnathion (Go-Gn). Pubertal spurts were recorded for annual increments within two years of peak height velocity (PHV) that exceeded the immediately preceding increment by at least 1 mm (corrected for enlargement). Such spurts in mandibular dimensions are common but not universal. They were more common in the boys, but occurred about 1.5 years earlier in the girls. They tended to be larger in boys, although the mean increments in the two sexes were similar before and after the spurts. First pubertal spurts usually occur before PHV, but there was considerable variation in this relationship. Almost all first pubertal spurts occur after ulnar sesamoid ossification and before menarche. The variability of their timing was less in relation to PHV than in relation to skeletal age, menarche or ulnar sesamoid ossification. It can be desirable to determine whether a spurt has occurred in an individual patient. For this purpose, Greulich-Pyle skeletal age may be only slightly more meaningful than chronological age, and neither is sufficiently precise for many clinical applications. PMID- 6961831 TI - Anomalies of occlusion predisposing to occlusal interference in children. AB - The associations between different types of occlusal interference and of occlusal anomalies were studied in children 7, 11 and 15 years of age. Incisor and buccal crossbite and post-normal occlusions were positively related to large antero posterior distance or lateral deviation between the retruded and intercuspal mandibular positions, and to nonworking side interference. There was a positive correlation between frontal open bite and nonworking side interference, while large overbite was negatively correlated. The correlations found were numerically small, indicating that other factors apart from those studies must be significantly involved in such occlusal interferences. PMID- 6961833 TI - Anterior malocclusion and soft tissue profile related to sound production and self-concept. AB - The objective of this study was to relate self concept and sound production to skeletal malocclusion and soft tissue facial profiles. The sample group consisted of forty-seven subjects divided into two groups. One group of eleven was selected on the basis of not having malocclusions from patients seeking general dental care. The other group of thirty-six subjects was selected on the basis of presenting a malocclusion and was chosen from patients seeking orthodontic care. Both groups were between the ages of eleven and fifteen. The findings indicate a high degree of correlation for the following: 1. Upper lip tip and the lower lip tip with skeletal convexity at Point A. 2. Convexity at Point A and abnormalities in self concept and speech production. PMID- 6961835 TI - [Evaluation of initial risk factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemias in children]. AB - In an attempt to establish a possible correlation between clinical course and initial characteristics of the disease, 88 children with ALL (diagnosed between 1970-1978) were studied. Basis for comparison was whether relapses (medullary or extramedullary) occurred within 36 months. Twenty parameters, including history data, physical exploration, laboratory findings and early response to induction treatment, were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed a significant influence of the following factors: age less than 1 year, organomegalies (hepato or splenomegaly larger than 5 cm B.C.M.), adenomegalies (more than 3 cm in diameter), mediastinal mass, initial CNS infiltration, E-rosette forming blast cells, acid phosphatase positivity and a good hematological response after 2nd week of treatment. Sex appeared as a prognostic factor after 36 months. Three group of patients could be distinguished according to risk factors: A) Patients without risk factors; 70.45% in continuous remission (CR) after 36 months. B) Patients with 1-2: 43.47% in CR at 36 months. C) Three or more: None attained 36 months in continuous CR. Differences are significant (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6961837 TI - Cell proliferation, cancer, and cancer therapy. A conference in honor of Anna Goldfeder. PMID- 6961836 TI - The regulation of cell proliferation by serum growth factors. PMID- 6961838 TI - Control of the initiation of DNA synthesis in mammalian cells. PMID- 6961839 TI - Differences in growth regulation of normal and tumor cells. AB - Normal cells cannot initiate DNA synthesis under inadequate external conditions, yet after growth has started they complete their division cycle under these conditions. The sensitive biochemical event for a growing cell is proposed to be accumulation of a labile protein which in adequate amounts permits entry into S phase, after about 2 hr, and completion of the cycle. Instability of this protein (half-life about 2.5 hr) creates a dynamic state so that its accumulation depends on rates of both synthesis and degradation. Neoplastic cells may show poorly regulated growth either by synthesizing this protein more rapidly or degrading it less rapidly, under conditions that limit normal cells' growth. Known mechanisms of overproduction include: more copies of the protein's structural gene per cell, an adjacent high-activity promoter, or autoproduction of growth factors. Less rapid degradation could result from less protease activity or from stabilizing modifications of the protein. Thus, derangement in the control of a labile growth regulatory protein acting by any one of these diverse mechanisms could lead to neoplasia. PMID- 6961840 TI - Growth activation of resting cells: induction of balanced and imbalanced growth. AB - Little is known about how mitogenic factors generate growth regulatory signals and how these are mediated within the cell. We have developed three different types of mitogenic stimuli in order to identify the possible existence of common denominators in a complex and perhaps pleiotypic signal-response system. 3T3 cells, starved to quiescence by reducing the serum content of the culture medium 100-fold, can be irreversibly committed to undergo DNA replication and mitosis in a serum-free medium after an initial exposure of short duration to (a) serum factors and cholesterol, (b) a relative excess of glutamine, or (c) alkaline pH. Cells stimulated by any of these procedures, and subsequently incubated in serum free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) undergo DNA replication and mitosis in the absence of concomitant cellular enlargement (imbalanced growth). However, cellular enlargement is induced after the initial mitogenic stimuli (a, b, and c, as described previously) if the cells are subsequently incubated in DMEM containing greater than or equal to 0.5% serum, supraphysiological concentrations of insulin, or normal concentrations of somatomedin C. PMID- 6961841 TI - Cell kinetics, cell structure, and radiotherapy. AB - This study was carried out on five types of experimental tumors maintained by serial subcutaneous transplants in isogeneic mouse hosts. These tumors involved three mammary carcinomas (dbrB, DBAH, MT2), a spindle-cell sarcoma (TEC) and a lymphoblastic type of lymphoma (DBA/3). Growth curves of these tumors are presented. Computed percent labeled mitoses curves for the five types of tumors, the derived cell cycle parameters (TG1, TG2, TS, Tc), and the volume-doubling time (VDT) in days are also presented. The histologic and morphologic appearance of each type of tumor is seen by light microscopy, and the ultrastructural morphology of each type of tumor is seen in electron micrographs. The variation in the kinetic parameters and the autoradiographic exposure time needed to obtain comparable labeling intensity for the five types of tumors is interpreted on the basis of the ultrastructural integrity of the cytoplasmic components of the individual tumor type. The response of these five tumor types to radiotherapy was investigated. The therapy consisted of administering combined treatments of three agents: X-rays, the radiosensitizing drug, misonidazole, and microwave hyperthermia. This treatment resulted in an enhancement factor of 3.9, compared with that of X-rays alone. Total tumor regressions were obtained with microwave hyperthermia alone. The required time of exposure to hyperthermic treatments differed, depending on the response of each type of tumor. PMID- 6961842 TI - Oncogenic transformation produced by agents and modalities used in cancer therapy and its modulation. PMID- 6961843 TI - Induction of differentiation of human myeloid leukemias by phorbol diesters: phenotypic changes and mode of action. AB - Treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) of acute myeloblastic leukemia cells halts proliferation and induces expression of monocyte/macrophage markers. Surface characteristics of leukemic HL60 cells, as defined using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, were found to be similar to those of normal human promyelocytes. TPA treatment, however, induced a phenotype that, unlike normal monocytes, contained several myeloid-specific markers and lacked several monocyte specific markers. TPA treatment of HL60 cells causes the rapid disappearance of the transferrin receptor from the cell surface. Because transferrin is essential for HL60 cell proliferation in culture, the disappearance of this receptor is followed by an irreversible accumulation of the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The TPA-induced arrest of cell proliferation suggests the potential of this agent in experimentally treating myeloblastic leukemias. PMID- 6961844 TI - X chromosome control of chromosome segregation in mouse/hamster hybrid cell populations. PMID- 6961845 TI - A platelet-derived growth factor analog produced by a human clonal glioma cell line. PMID- 6961847 TI - Cellular heterogeneity in malignant neoplasms and the therapy of metastases. PMID- 6961846 TI - Inducible protective proteins: a potentially novel approach to chemotherapy. AB - A number of toxic chemical and physical agents elicit the induction of a series of protein species, some of which react with the agents and render them nontoxic. A few of the induced species (such as metallothionein) are rich in thiol groups that might be expected to react with alkylating agents and render them nontoxic. If a safe means could be found for selectively enhancing the synthesis of alkylating-agent-reactive species in normal but not tumor cells, such a procedure would have ramifications in the area of cancer chemotherapy. In this report, we have utilized a variety of trace elements (Zn, Se, Cu, As) as inducers of synthesis of protective species in line CHO Chinese hamster cells and in a number of derived variants to determine whether this type of approach can be utilized to increase resistance to alkylating-agent toxicity. Our results indicate that Zn, Se and Cu elicit a protective response (increased survival, monitored by colony forming ability) against the toxic effects of iodoacetate or melphalan, and, at least in the case of zinc, at levels that are physiologically reasonable. Arsenite appears to be a marginally effective inducer in the CHO cell and an ineffective inducer in the Cdr20F4 variant cell. The increased survival is not attributable to metallothionein inducibility, decreased availability of the alkylating agent in the medium, or decreased uptake of the drug into the trace element-pretreated cells. The protective responses induced by zinc or selenite alone are additive in cells receiving both trace elements prior to exposure to alkylating agent, which suggests that different domains of response are elicited by the two metals. In view of reported differences in inducibility of protective proteins between normal and tumor cells, a possibility is raised for a novel approach to alkylating-agent chemotherapy that is somewhat analogous to the protocol utilized in high-dose methotrexate therapy. PMID- 6961848 TI - Stem cells versus stem lines. PMID- 6961849 TI - An experimental biological basis for increasing the therapeutic index of clinical cancer therapy. PMID- 6961850 TI - Opioids in mental illness: theories, clinical observations, and treatment possibilities. PMID- 6961851 TI - The effect of codeine on involutional and senile depression. AB - The authors studied the effect of codeine on 12 severely depressed patients who failed to respond to tricyclic antidepressants. They all were in involution. Eight patients received codeine in combination with other tricyclic antidepressants and only one of them showed improvement. Four depressed patients received codeine alone and none of them improved. The patients were kept on codeine up to three weeks. The dose was gradually increased from 90 mg/day to 180 mg/day. All patients suffered from severe constipation--more than what they had on tricyclic antidepressant medication. All of the patients experienced a sedative effect. None of them had euphoria and none of them developed dependence. After the failure of codeine, the patients finally accepted electroconvulsive therapy or monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and with one exception, all improved. PMID- 6961852 TI - The use of antidepressants with methadone in depressed maintenance patients. PMID- 6961853 TI - Antimanic, antidepressant, and antipanic effects of opiates: clinical, neuroanatomical, and biochemical evidence. AB - These clinical data may offer some support for the hypothesis that opiates have antidepressant, antimanic, and antipanic effects. This hypothesis should be studied directly by double-blind studies of the effects of exogenous and synthetic endogenous opioid peptides in patients with major depressive illness, panic and anxiety states, schizophrenia, and schizo-affective illness. These clinical data support our studies in nonhuman primates and man which suggest a common LC or NE hyperactivity may underly both drug withdrawal and spontaneous panic states. Whether endorphin deficiency or derangements account for the postulated NE hyperactivity needs additional study and we will discuss our preliminary work later. Failure of endorphins to terminate bursts in LC firing rate and NE release may be responsible for both of these types of panic states. In addicts, this mechanism could exist prior to opiate use, or abuse of potent exogenous endorphinomentic compound may cause an endorphin-abnormality. Both of these possibilities would be compensated by continuous opiate maintenance. Methadone maintenance is a complicated psychiatric, psychological, and social phenomenon. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the role of opiate maintenance in treating or suppressing the emergence of underlying psychopathology. Previous psychiatric hospitalization or treatment for a schizophrenic or affective illness may contraindicate absolutely the use of clonidine or other rapid detoxification methods. These data suggest the possibility of substituting a nonaddicting psychotropic medication for opiates in some patients who are self-medicators. The clinical data support other data suggesting the potential antipsychotic, antidepressant, and antianxiety/antipanic effects of the endogenous opioids, endorphins, and exogenous opioids, endorphins, and exogenous opiates. These and other data suggest potential utility for opioid agonists and endorphin testing in psychiatric treatment and diagnosis. PMID- 6961854 TI - The interaction of a treatment program using opiates for mental illness and an addiction treatment program. PMID- 6961855 TI - The provision of opioid therapy to the mentally ill: conceptual and practical considerations. PMID- 6961856 TI - Brain endorphins: possible role in long-term memory. PMID- 6961857 TI - Psychological (structural) vulnerabilities and the specific appeal of narcotics. PMID- 6961858 TI - Biobehavioral bases of the reinforcing properties of opiate drugs. PMID- 6961859 TI - The role of endorphins in stress-induced analgesia. AB - We have seen that exposure of an organism to any of a wide range of stressful situations can induce alterations in sensitivity to pain that outlast the exposure. Not all stressors induce analgesia; among those that do not are some that produce maximal elevations in plasma beta-endorphin, ACTH, and adrenal corticosteroids. Some examples of SIA are sensitive to opiate receptor blockade by naloxone, but others are not. Hypophysectomy produces a similarly uneven profile of effects across different stressors. This diversity has often been interpreted as evidence for the existence of an array of pain inhibitory systems, with differing physiological properties and activated by different stressors. However, it might also suggest that stressors can prompt a variety of behavioral changes, many of which can be interpreted as analgesia if a pain reflex test is employed as the dependent measure. PMID- 6961861 TI - Activation of opioid-containing systems during gestation. PMID- 6961860 TI - Morphine- and endorphin-induced behavioral activation in the mouse: implications for mania and some recent pharmacogenetic studies. PMID- 6961862 TI - The question of specific psychopathology in compulsive drug use. PMID- 6961863 TI - Altered pain perception and cerebrospinal endorphins in psychiatric illness. PMID- 6961864 TI - Endorphin levels in opioid-dependent human subjects: a longitudinal study. AB - Endorphin levels were measured in 51 cerebrospinal fluid samples from 27 opioid dependent or postdependent subjects. Radioreceptor assay showed the endorphin levels to be higher than those found in normal subjects. These high levels were found even while subjects were on methadone maintenance. The duration of opioid dependence was positively correlated with fraction I values. Both fractions tended to be lower during early withdrawal than late withdrawal. In naltrexone maintained patients, radioreceptor assay showed FII to be greatly elevated, but electrophoresis and HPLC indicated that the elevations were not due to a peptide. Thus, the possibility of unextracted naltrexone metabolites remains at least a partial explanation for this apparent FII elevation. PMID- 6961865 TI - Depressive phenomenology and levels of cerebrospinal fluid endorphins. PMID- 6961866 TI - Methadone and opiate drugs: psychotropic effect and self-medication. PMID- 6961867 TI - Clinical, electrophysiological, and biochemical effects of des-tyrosine-gamma endorphin in psychiatric patients. PMID- 6961868 TI - Opiates and severely disturbed patients. PMID- 6961869 TI - Treatment of mixed abusers in methadone maintenance: role of psychiatric factors. PMID- 6961870 TI - The poppy: therapeutic potential in cases of dementia with depression. PMID- 6961872 TI - Methadone treatment of pentazocine abuse. PMID- 6961871 TI - Methadone: an effective agent in managing intractable pain as a symptom of psychotic anger. PMID- 6961874 TI - Acute respiratory failure--closing the knowledge gaps. PMID- 6961875 TI - Acute respiratory failure. PMID- 6961873 TI - [Acquired sebaceous hyperplasia of cutis verticis gyrata type sensitive to 13-cis retinoid]. PMID- 6961876 TI - Pulmonary microembolism as a cause of acute respiratory failure. AB - Clinical and autopsy studies have shown an association between pulmonary microembolism and acute respiratory failure after trauma or sepsis. Prophylaxis and treatment with the aim of decreasing the fibrin deposition in the lungs were associated with a decrease in the incidence and death rate of this syndrome. Small fibrin degradation products (peptides) are accumulated in the lungs and are only slowly cleared from this organ, especially during states of fibrinolysis inhibition. These peptides may contribute to the pulmonary damage in several ways. They act by interfering with other vasoactive substances as bradykinin, histamine and products of the arachidonic acid cascade. Products of the cyclooxygenase pathways as thromboxane A2 play a major role in early microembolism whereas lipoxygenase products seem to be involved in delayed microembolism. Pulmonary microembolism thus seems to be one important, but certainly not the only pathogenetic factor in acute "idiopathic" respiratory failure. Other factors such as pulmonary contusion, aspiration of gastric contents or blood, or oxygen toxicity, might well be contributory in some cases. Pulmonary microemboli containing fibrin and leukocytes are probably also involved as contributory agents in some cases in the large group of acute respiratory failure due to "known factors". PMID- 6961878 TI - Immunological and bacteriological aspects of acute pneumonia--a short review. PMID- 6961877 TI - Lung surfactant phospholipids in the foetus, newborn, and in the adult; evidence of abnormality in respiratory failure. AB - The surface active material on the peripheral airway lining prevents atelectasis and its consequences. Abnormalities in lung surfactant can be diagnosed by analysis of the amniotic fluid in the foetus, tracheal aspirate in the newborn, and segmental bronchoalveolar lavage in children or adults. In the respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn (RDS) surfactant phospholipids are immature. This is a major cause of respiratory failure in RDS. In acute respiratory failure in adults and in children (ARF) alveolar phospholipids are abnormal. There are three main types of surfactant abnormalities; 1) Immature surfactant in RDS, 2) defective surfactant phospholipids in ARF, and 3) inhibition of surfactant function by proteins (mostly due to increased alveolar permeability) in RDS, ARF, and in alveolar proteinosis. The importance of myoinositol in surfactant metabolism is discussed. PMID- 6961879 TI - Respiratory failure in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6961881 TI - Fat embolism syndrome--a variant of post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency. AB - The fat embolism syndrome is defined as a variant of post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency complicating musculoskeletal trauma. It occurs up to 28% of cases depending to a certain extent on the magnitude of the trauma. Tissue fat embolization into pulmonary and other capillaries and microthrombus formation appear to be the factors causing the microvascular disorder in the lungs, brain, kidneys, skin etc. Pulmonary malfunction and respiratory distress is the most important part of the fat embolism syndrome. The cornerstone of treatment is in supporting respiratory care. Early and effective stabilization of fractures and pharmacological glucocorticoid therapy appear to be beneficial. The syndrome is usually self-resolving after several days. The central clinical problem is early detection of the syndrome. PMID- 6961880 TI - Tissue damage caused by activated complement and granulocytes in shock lung, post perfusion lung, and after amniotic fluid embolism: ramifications for therapy. AB - The complement system evolved as a beneficial antimicrobial system. However when activated during extracorporeal perfusion, as with hemodialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass, modest pulmonary dysfunction associated with granulocyte aggregation and embolization can occur. When complement activation is more massive and prolonged as with severe sepsis, trauma and acute pancreatitis or during infusions of amniotic fluid or other lipid-rich suspensions, severe pulmonary damage which we often recognize as shock lung may occur. Therapeutic ramifications of these conclusions are evident. Thus, high doses of corticosteroids (or of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, such as ibuprofen- herein not discussed) have the ability to prevent aggregation and embolization of stimulated granulocytes to patent vessels downstream and also inhibit their production of toxic oxygen radicals. These beneficial properties suggest the use of these agents may be appropriate in shock states, particularly shock lung or during suspected amniotic fluid infusion. Appropriate clinical trials to substantiate this suggestion are awaited with interest. PMID- 6961882 TI - Does blood transfusion cause respiratory failure? PMID- 6961883 TI - Gene order and localization of enzyme loci on the short arm of chromosome 1. PMID- 6961884 TI - Analysis of linkage relationships of Co, Jk and K with each other and with chromosome 2 loci ACP1 and Km. PMID- 6961885 TI - Bias of the estimated recombination fraction and lod score due to an association between a disease gene and a marker gene. PMID- 6961886 TI - Extensions to multivariate normal models for pedigree analysis. AB - Lange, Westlake & Spence (1976) used the assumption of multivariate normality to apply a likelihood method to the analysis of quantitative traits measured over pedigrees. We now introduce a test of the assumption of multivariate normality and methods for the detection of outlying families and outlying individuals. We also introduce a method for the estimation of effects of measured genetic markers as variance components, a flexible parameterization to estimate effects of shared family environment, and a method to allow for the ascertainment of pedigrees through probands. These innovations have been applied using numerical methods for maximization of the likelihood. Simulation studies and available theory suggest that the likelihood ratio criterion used in significance testing follows the expected asymptotic distribution with sample sizes encountered in typical applications. PMID- 6961887 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum to N-formimidoyl thienamycin and several cephamycins. AB - The comparative in vitro activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin, cefmetazole, cefoxitin, cefotetan (YM-09330), and moxalactam against 13 isolates of Mycobacterium fortuitum was evaluated by agar dilution susceptibility testing. N Formimidoyl thienamycin inhibited 10 to 12 strains at 6.25 micrograms/ml, cefmetazole inhibited 12 of 13 strains at 12.5 micrograms/ml, cefoxitin inhibited 11 of 13 strains at 25 micrograms/ml, and cefotetan inhibited 11 of 13 strains at 50 micrograms/ml. Moxalactam was less active than the other compounds tested, inhibiting only 9 of 13 strains at 50 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6961888 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefotetan (YM09330) in humans. AB - The pharmacokinetics and safety of cefotetan (YM09330) were examined after intravenous administration of single and multiple doses to normal volunteers. Cefotetan was well tolerated in single doses of 500 to 3,000 mg and in multiple doses of 500 and 1,000 mg at 12-h intervals for 1 and 3 days. These doses produced high plasma levels. The half-life (3 h) of cefotetan was longer than that of cefazolin. There was no evidence of drug accumulation in the plasma in the multiple-dose study. Mean recoveries of cefotetan in urine within a 24-h period were 74.5 to 88.4% of the dose, regardless of the route of administration and the dosage. The tautomer of cefotetan accounted for approximately 5% of the dose excreted in the urine. No tautomer was detected in plasma. Concentrations of drug in plasma and urine measured by microbiological assay were in good agreement with those measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 6961889 TI - Spontaneous deletions isolated from a triintegrate plasmid in Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6961891 TI - Hyo-mandibular relationships during feeding in the cat. AB - The movement of the hyoid was studied by cineradiography to obtain information on the movements of the tongue base. During feeding on solid foods, the path of movement of the hyoid in the sagittal plane was highly variable and often complex when referred to the palate. When the effect of jaw movement was excluded by referring hyoid movement to the line of the moving mandible, the path of movement of the hyoid became simpler and less variable, tending to an ellipse. The reversal of hyoid movement from backwards to forwards (relative to the mandible) occurred close to the time at which minimum gape was reached and the reversal from forwards to backwards occurred either (a) at low angles of gape during early jaw opening or (b) at maximum gape. Two different categories of stable state therefore existed together with some intermediate forms of relationship in which the periodicity of jaw movement and of hyoid movement differed. Although the mechanical linkage between jaw and hyoid was a major influence on hyoid movement related to the palate, it was not the sole source of variation in the pattern of that movement. PMID- 6961890 TI - The effect of tranylcypromine on levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and other prostaglandins in brain and mesentery of the mouse. AB - Tranylcypromine (TCP), which can inhibit prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis in vitro, has been shown to facilitate platelet aggregation in damaged cerebral arterioles of the mouse when given intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg) one hour before inducing aggregation. The same dose has no effect on platelet aggregation in damaged mesenteric arterioles. The present experiments used HPLC and GC/MS to analyze PG levels and show that 5 or 50 mg/kg TCP, given intraperitoneally one hour before sacrificing the mouse, moderately reduces the level of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable metabolite of PGI2, in incubated brain homogenates. This finding supports the hypothesis that TCP's enhancement of platelet aggregation in the brain was affected by a reduction in PGI2 levels. When 500 micrograms/ml TCP was added to the incubate of brain homogenate from mice given 50 mg/kg, PGE2 levels were reduced as well as the levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. In incubated mesentery, the level of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was also reduced by treating mice with 50 mg/kg TCP. The latter result failed to support the hypothesis that levels of mesenteric 6 keto-PGF1 alpha would be unaltered by TCP in parallel with the inability of TCP to alter platelet aggregation in mesenteric arterioles. Thus our data fails to support an overall hypothesis relating TCP action on platelet aggregation to its inhibitory effect on PGI2 synthesis. At the same time the data do not rule out such a relationship for mouse brain. PMID- 6961893 TI - Antibacterial action of condensed phosphates on the bacterium Streptococcus mutans and experimental caries in the hamster. AB - Condensed phosphates (CP: Na salts of pyro-, tripoly-, tetrapoly-, pentapoly-, hexameta- and ultra-; K salts of pyro- and poly-) used as food additives depressed the growth of seven strains of Streptococcus mutans (serotype a-g) as assessed by disc diffusion methods. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of CP on growth of strain K1-R (g) in a chemically defined medium were measured turbidimetrically. Commercial grade CP (CP used) had the same growth inhibitory effects as purified linear type CP and they were superior to the cyclic type CP. The MIC of CP for Strep. mutans appeared to be related to their chelating capacity. As the growth inhibition by CP was reversed by the addition of divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+ or Mn2+), the chelating capacity of CP was apparently responsible for their antibacterial action. The antibacterial action of CP seemed largely bacteriostatic. Condensed phosphates depressed lactate production from glucose and sucrose by the cells of strain K1-R. A similar inhibition was produced by the supernatant of heated human saliva. Condensed phosphates depressed insoluble glucan production from sucrose by the cells of strain K1-R. The inhibition of sugar metabolism may be due to the interference of sugar transport into Strep. mutans induced by the chelation effects of CP. Hamsters were inoculated orally with strain K1-R and reared on the high-sucrose diet No. 2000 supplemented with 2 per cent (w/w) CP for 60 days. Dietary supplements of CP were associated with reduced caries activity (p less than 0.01) and plaque formation (p less than 0.05). The antibacterial actions of CP could be responsible for these caries-inhibitory effects. PMID- 6961892 TI - Lipid composition of human parotid and submandibular saliva from caries-resistant and caries-susceptible adults. AB - The lipid content and composition of parotid and submandibular saliva from caries resistant (DMFS of 0) and caries-susceptible (DMFS greater than 15) adults was investigated. Lipids were extracted from dialysed and lyophilized saliva, collected from 10 subjects in each group, and fractionated into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. The lipids in each fraction were separated into individual components by thin-layer chromatography and quantitated. The parotid and submandibular saliva of caries-resistant subjects contained 37 and 35 per cent fewer lipids/100 ml of saliva than that of the caries-susceptible group, and had less (p less than 0.001) neutral lipids and phospholipids. The neutral lipids of caries-resistant saliva contained (mg/100 ml of saliva) considerably (p less than 0.001) fewer free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The glycolipids consisted exclusively of glyceroglucolipids and their content was similar in both groups. The content of phospholipids in the salivas of the caries resistant was 25 and 33 per cent lower than that of the caries-susceptible. The data suggest a relationship between the level of lipids in salivary secretions and resistance to caries. PMID- 6961894 TI - Colonization and cariogenic potential in hamsters of the bacterium Streptococcus sanguis isolated from human dental plaque. AB - Strains of Strep. sanguis, freshly isolated from human dental plaque, were successfully implanted into albino hamsters. Transmission of the organisms from infected to uninfected animals occurred naturally. The transfer was as effective between unrelated hamsters as between dams and their offspring. Three of the strains tested did not cause caries in hamsters. Laboratory strains of Strep. sanguis did not colonize the hamsters. Two morphological variants of Strep. sanguis with different abilities to adhere to whale dentine in vitro, could infect hamsters; the more adhering phenotype was detected earlier and more frequently. PMID- 6961895 TI - Fluoride deposition in the bones of rats determined by fluoride and X-ray diffraction analysis. AB - Rats were given drinking water containing up to 300 parts/10(6) F and the conversion of hydroxyapatite to fluoridated apatite was estimated chemically and by X-ray diffraction. The differences of the mean fluoride uptakes from the very different concentrations of fluoride given were significant. Prolonged washing of the bones with demineralized water released 5-10 per cent from the fluoride uptake. Formation of fluoridated apatite was evident by decreases in the a parameter of the hydroxyapatite phase. In the washed bones, there was no appreciable transformations in the a parameters. The co-existence of Mg containing beta-Ca3(PO4)2 with the apatite phase was detected in heated bone samples. The amount of beta-Ca3(PO4)2, its dependence on the age of the bones and its Mg content are interdependent. PMID- 6961896 TI - Atomic absorption spectrometric evidence of relationships between some cationic elements in human dentine. AB - Dentine samples were prepared from 123 permanent teeth and Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn concentrations were determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Relations between the cations were evaluated using the correlation matrix and multiple linear regression analysis. When the simultaneous variation of the concentrations of all determined elements was taken into consideration, the following statistically significant positive correlations were found: Cu-Mn, Mn-Co, Ni-Mn and Sr-Ni. A weaker correlation was obtained between Ni and Mg and between Ni and Pb. The only negative correlation was between Sr and Pb, but the explanation percentage in the regression model was low. The results indicated that the chemically and physically related elements Co, Cu, Mn and Ni formed positive correlations. Sr-Ni and Mn-Cu relationships were similar to those reported for human cancellous bone. PMID- 6961897 TI - A morphometric and biochemical study of the pre-eruptive development of hamster molars in vivo. AB - Surface area measurements of cross-sections of M1 and M2 at 1-11 days were related to biochemical parameters for cell proliferation ([3H]-thymidine incorporation) and mineralization (45Ca uptake) and with increase in dry weight. The pre-eruptive development of molar tooth germs was divided into 4 phases which partly reflect the life cycle stages of the ameloblast. In phase 1 (proliferation phase, duration in M2 about 5 days) mitotic activity and increase in total area were great; ameloblasts were undifferentiated or in a pre-secretory state. In phase 2 (differentiation phase, duration 2-3 days) the number of secretory ameloblasts increased and 45Ca uptake started and increased rapidly. At the end of phase 2, crown morphogenesis was completed and cell proliferation ([3H] thymidine incorporation) became less. In phase 3 (secretion phase, duration 0.5-1 days) all ameloblasts throughout the tooth germ had differentiated into secretory ameloblasts and enamel matrix surface area increased about twice as fast as that of dentine. At the end of phase 3, the surface area of the enamel matrix almost attained its final value. In phase 4 (maturation phase, duration in M1 till first eruption about 2-3 days), post-secretory ameloblasts increased in number and, in contrast to the surface area of the enamel matrix, that of the dentine continued to increase. The fast, linearly increasing total uptake of 45Ca during phase 4 which was attributed to the mineralization of both newly formed dentine and existing maturing enamel was the main cause of the rapid increase in dry weight of the whole tooth germ. PMID- 6961898 TI - Contractile properties of the muscles of mastication of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) following increase in muscle length. AB - The hypothesis was tested that increasing the resting length of the masseter and temporalis muscles by a bite-opening appliance with or without detachment and re attachment of the masseter would not affect the contractile properties of these muscles. Appliances opened the bite of 10 adult female monkeys 20 mm. Five received the appliance alone (Group A); five received the appliance and in addition the masseter was detached and re-attached (Group ADR). Comparisons were made 48 weeks later. Small bundles of fibres were excised from the masseter and temporalis muscles of experimental animals and from 8 control animals. Isometric and isotonic contractile properties were measured in vitro and fibre classification and fibre areas were determined histochemically. No significant differences were observed within either masseter or temporalis muscles between animals in Groups A and ADR. In both groups, the bundles of fibres from the masseter had prolonged contraction and relaxation times compared to control masseter muscles but no difference was observed in the percentage of Type II fibres. As detachment and re-attachment had no significant effect on morphological or physiological characteristics, other than those due to lengthening, this procedure may be useful in decreasing the passive tension induced when orthognathic surgery increases muscle length. The significant prolongation of the contractile response of the masseter is similar to the adaptation induced by long-term stimulation at low frequency. PMID- 6961899 TI - Minimum nutritional requirements for cellular growth and extracellular slime polysaccharide production by the human dental plaque bacterial mutant Actinomyces viscosus T14Av. AB - The requirements were examined in chemically-defined media. Magnesium sulphate, potassium phosphate and adenine were essential for cellular growth and sodium bicarbonate and inositol further stimulated growth. The addition of sodium phosphate to this medium stimulated both cellular growth and slime production. In contrast, ammonium sulphate inhibited slime production. Biotin and thiamine stimulated cellular growth and nicotinic acid was essential for slime production. Glutamine, alanine and cystine were essential for cellular growth. A minimal medium which supported both good cellular growth and slime production for strain T14Av contained adenine, sodium bicarbonate, MgSO4, inositol, glucose, KH2PO4, Na2HPO4, biotin, thiamine, nicotinic acid, arginine, glutamine, alanine and cystine. PMID- 6961900 TI - Effect of caries preventive measures in children highly infected with the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. AB - The number of Strep. mutans in saliva samples was examined in 101 13-14-year-old children, 53 in a control and 48 in the test group. All in the test group with 2.5 X 10(5) Strep. mutans per ml saliva were treated with 1 per cent chlorhexidine gel, once a day, for 14 days when the number of Strep. mutans was greatly reduced. Saliva samples were then examined in the test group every 4th month and all children with Strep. mutans levels above 2.5 X 10(5) were treated. A few selected children had fissure sealants applied to the occlusal surfaces. After 3 years, the mean number of new carious lesions was 9.6 in the control group and 4.2 in the test group. In the children with 10(6) Strep. mutans at the start of the study, the corresponding figures were 20.8 compared with 3.9. Thus a reduction in caries activity can be achieved by controlled antimicrobial treatment. PMID- 6961901 TI - Effect of experimental tooth movement on the mechanical strength of the periodontium in the rat mandibular first molar. AB - A 474 microns thick latex elastic band was inserted between the mandibular first and second molars to cause tooth movement. The mechanical strength of the periodontium was measured by extracting the first molar from the socket in the dissected jaw. From the 1st to the 4th day, the ultimate extraction loads decreased markedly, while the inter-dental spaces remained about 300 microns. About 5 min after the elastic insertion, the ultimate load was not significantly changed and the inter-dental space was 61 microns. Restoration of the mechanical strength of the periodontium occurred gradually after the removal of the band. On the 4th day, recovery was complete. Restoration of the original inter-dental space was most marked in the initial 24 h. The forces exerted on the teeth by the bands were of the order of several tens of newtons initially and became reduced to a few newtons after the tooth movements. It is suggested that decreases in the ultimate extraction loads were caused by changes in constitution of the periodontal collagen, by the disorganization of the periodontium and by the loosening of the attachment of the periodontal fibres to the bone. PMID- 6961902 TI - The effect of hypofunction on the mechanical properties of the periodontium in the rat mandibular first molar. AB - The right maxillary molars of male rats were removed under ether anaesthesia to eliminate occlusal contact with the mandibular molars. Groups of rats were killed at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 days after the experimental procedure. The dissected mandibles were radiographed and length of erupted portion of the tooth, height of alveolar crest and length of tooth were measured. The tensile strength of the periodontal ligament was measured by extracting the first molar from its socket. A marked and progressive decrease of the load required to extract the tooth was found in the first few days after the removal of the opposing teeth. No significant difference in extracting loads was found between the 8- and 16-day groups. Radiography showed that the teeth had erupted, that the height of alveolar crest had decreased and that the length of the root had increased during the experimental period. These changes were detectable only on the 8th or 16th day following the experimental procedure. It is suggested that the reduction in the mechanical strength of the hypofunctional rat molar periodontal ligament is closely associated with the progressive atrophy of the periodontal ligament and that normal functional activity of the teeth is important not only for maintenance of the structural integrity of the periodontal ligament but also to maintain the mechanical strength of the supporting tissues. PMID- 6961903 TI - Steroid hormone content in the submandibular gland of normal and pregnant rats. AB - Using radioimmunoassay, the levels of steroid hormones were determined in the submandibular gland homogenates from sexually immature, mature male and female and pregnant rats. High progestagen content was established in the whole gland of maturing and mature females and males. The highest level of progestagens was in the last pregnancy trimester. High androgen content was found in maturing and mature males only. Androgens in females and oestrogens in both males and females were present in traces only. PMID- 6961904 TI - Ultrastructure of odontoblasts in kitten tooth germs as revealed by freeze fracture. AB - Fifteen kittens were perfused with 2.5 per cent glutaraldehyde or modified Karnovsky fixative. Distribution and structural features of the three kinds of intercellular junctions; gap junctions, macular tight junctions and desmosome like junctions were clarified by correlated observations using thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. Distal junctional complexes of the odontoblasts were composed of both gap and macular tight junctions and sealed extracellular spaces incompletely, because of the poor sealing capacities of macular tight junctions. Therefore, there was no predentine-pulp barrier in the odontoblast layer. Except for the junctional complex, no tight junction was observed in the odontoblasts. Gap junctions and desmosome-like junctions were found between adjacent odontoblasts and between odontoblasts and neighbouring pulp cells. Gap junctions were similar to those of many other tissues but the desmosome-like junctions were different from mature desmosomes in the epithelial cells and showed immature features. Each intercellular junction of odontoblasts is considered to form a site of intercellular communication and cell-to-cell attachment. PMID- 6961905 TI - Effects of storage of jaws in saline and of velocity of loading on the force required to extract the rat mandibular first molar. AB - Storage of jaws in cold saline for up to 32 h did not cause significant changes in the ultimate loads required to extract the rat mandibular first molar. The mean ultimate loads were 33.05, 34.91 and 36.38 newtons at the extension rates 1, 5 and 25 mm/min respectively, though the differences were not significant between groups. The force required to extract the tooth would be fairly constant even after the storage of the dissected jaws in cold saline for longer periods of time. Changes in the force required were not detectable within the range of the velocities of loading employed. PMID- 6961907 TI - The effect of toxic doses of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on dental tissues in the rat. AB - Vitamin D-depleted rats 4-weeks old were divided into three groups and given daily for 5 weeks cholecalciferol (0.25 microgram) or 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.075 microgram). The third group received no treatment with vitamin D sterols. A fourth control group was fed a diet containing vitamin D. The animals were killed after 5 weeks, plasma was prepared for calcium analysis, and incisors and molars were taken for histology. Growth was monitored throughout. Plasma calcium, body weight and the physical condition of the 1,25(OH)2D3-treated animals indicated that they were toxemic. The pulp-dentine complex of their incisors showed premature aging of fibroblasts and odontoblasts, disturbances in the dentinal matrix and osteodentine formation. That of molars was not affected. There was hypercementosis and bone-like tissue formation in the periodontal-ligament which in the incisors was considerably enlarged; some molars were ankylosed. The pulp dentine complex of the incisors and molars of the rats in the remaining three groups appeared normal except for zones of hypomineralization in incisors of the third group. The supporting tissues of the teeth of the rats in the other three groups were within normal limits. Thus toxic doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 affected the dental tissues of both developing and mature teeth. PMID- 6961906 TI - Reflex responses to taps in various directions from the human digastric muscle. AB - Reflex responses to standardized solenoid chin taps were studied on 21 subjects with electromyographic (EMG) recordings from two jaw muscle antagonists, the masseter and the digastric. Taps were delivered downward and upward as parallel as possible to the masseter fibre direction and also backwards at right angles to these directions. Taps were delivered during isometric masseter and digastric activity as well as during relaxed postural position. Reflex excitation of the digastric muscle with a latency of 25-35 ms was recorded during all three situations after taps in all three directions. When this response was superimposed on ongoing digastric isometric activity after downward and upward taps, it was followed by a period of inhibition (mean duration 31 ms) and directly followed by a second EMG burst (mean latencies 73 and 75 ms, respectively). Responses were significantly (p less than 0.001) more often obtained during digastric background activity than during postural position and clench. Upward and downward taps were equally efficient in evoking the responses, significantly (p less than 0.001) more so than backward taps. The concurrent recordings of the masseter EMG imply the possibility of a reciprocal interplay between the two antagonists. The results accord with reports of the capability of the digastric muscle to produce reflex responses despite lack of anatomically defined muscle spindles. PMID- 6961908 TI - Isolation and characterization of the basic proline-rich proteins from rat parotid saliva. AB - Five fractions of basic proline-rich proteins were isolated from rat parotid saliva, obtained by surgical cannulation of the ducts. The purification procedures employed DEAE-Sephadex to isolate a heterogeneous break-through fraction containing the basic proline-rich proteins, followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 to separate the high molecular weight glycoprotein, fraction A, from the other basic proline-rich proteins which were resolved into four additional fractions, SP-1 to SP-4, by ion exchange chromatography on SP Sephadex. The proteins differed in their amino acid composition and content of neutral and amino sugars. All the proteins were characterized by a high proportion of proline (approx. 40 mol per cent) and glycine (11-23 mol per cent). Four of the fractions were also enriched in glutamic acid/glutamine (19-26 mol per cent). The exception was fraction SP-4, which contained lower levels of glutamic acid/glutamine and has no counterpart in human basic proline-rich proteins. Fraction A, the basic glycoprotein, was heavily glycosylated (59 mol per cent), whereas SP-2 and SP-4 were less glycosylated. Fractions SP-1 and SP-3 contained low levels of neutral and amino sugars. Basic proline-rich proteins constitute a smaller percentage of the total protein in rat parotid saliva than they do in human parotid saliva (10.5 versus 40 per cent). Rat basic glycoprotein fraction constitutes less than 1 per cent whereas the human glycoprotein fraction constitutes 17 per cent. Rat basic proline-rich proteins appear to be larger and less basic than most of the human basic proteins, and they resolve into fewer protein fractions (4 versus 9) with SP-Sephadex chromatography. PMID- 6961909 TI - Prism arrangement in human cusp enamel deduced by X-ray diffraction. AB - Analysis of the many X-ray diffractograms obtained from the regions along the bands of Hunter-Schreger, and a series of X-ray patterns taken by tilting the specimen with respect to the incident X-ray beam over a wide range of tilt angles, showed that the fibre axis of the crystal aggregates in each zone of the bands not only deviated in opposite directions but also tilted at an angle of about 50 degrees with respect to the central axis of tooth enamel. Comparison with previous studies enabled a fundamental and simplified three-dimensional model of human cusp enamel to be constructed, consisting of two groups of spirally-arranged structure which would probably be elastic enough to fulfil its unique functions in occlusion and mastication. PMID- 6961910 TI - In-vitro release of K+ from the developing submandibular gland of early postnatal rats. AB - The release studied by incubating tissue slices in an enriched, oxygenated medium in the presence and absence of secretagogues indicated that slices from 1-day-old rats released K+ in response to carbamylcholine, but not in response to epinephrine. The response to carbamylcholine was dose-related, with a 12.6 +/- 1.3 per cent release at a concentration of 2 X 10(-5) M. Epinephrine did not induce K+ release in concentrations from 2 X 10(-7) to 2 X 10(-4) M. Glands from 7- and 14-day-old rats released a similar amount as those of newborns in response to carbamylcholine and by 21 days of age the glands released 21.5 +/- 1.9 per cent of their K+ content upon exposure to 2 X 10(-5) M carbamylcholine. A response to epinephrine (2 X 10(-5) M) was first detected at 14 days of age, when the slices released 8.3 +/- 1.2 per cent of their K+. Slices of 21-day-old rats showed a 17.9 +/- 1.3 per cent K+ release in response to this dose. As in adult glands, the net amount of K+ released by the developing postnatal gland seems to be the result of two opposing mechanisms, a passive efflux and an active re uptake which depends on the activation of an ouabain-sensitive Na+ -K+ -ATPase. The passive efflux component was similar in glands from different postnatal ages and was enhanced by secretagogues. The extent of active uptake, on the other hand, decreased with increasing postnatal age. As in the adult, the net release of K+ depended on the presence of Ca2+ in the incubation medium, but the sensitivity of the response to Ca2+ omission varied in accord with the age of the animals and with the stimulant used. It is speculated that proacinar and terminal tubular cells may be involved in K+ release in the early postnatal period. PMID- 6961912 TI - Quantitative relationship between osteoclasts, osteoclast nuclei and the extent of the resorbing surface in hamster periodontal disease. AB - Osteoclast activity in terms of number, nucleus content and position in relation to bone surface features was quantitated during experimental periodontal disease. The increase in total osteoclast population, particularly on periosteal rather than endosteal surfaces, was due mainly to the number of cells in direct contact with the bone surface (on-bone osteoclasts). On-bone cell nuclei per mm of bone surface was constantly significantly greater in experimental animals than in controls. There was a positive linear relationship between the extent of resorbing surface and the nucleus content of the on-bone osteoclasts. Thus, in experimental periodontal disease, increases in the number of on-bone osteoclasts are responsible for the changes in the total number of these cells and disease activity is expressed more accurately by the number of nuclei of on-bone osteoclasts per mm of bone surface. PMID- 6961911 TI - The autoradiographic utilization and distribution of [1-3H]-galactose by the dental tissues of ageing mice. AB - The uptake, turnover and distribution of [1-3H]-galactose by periodontal tissues associated with maxillary first molars of mice 5, 26 and 78 weeks of age showed that galactose was utilized by all oral tissues studied throughout the life-span. Uptake and turnover of the tracer revealed pulsed events. Synchrony of the pulsed events was noted. With increasing age, diminished utilization of galactose was evident, as well as a change in peak-time of the curves characteristic of ageing. The complex plots represent several metabolic events occurring simultaneously. The uptake of galactose by fibrogenic, osteogenic and cementogenic cells was low. Matrical output, on the other hand, remained high. Cementogenic cell output was the highest of all the tissues over the 30-day period. Despite decreased physiological activity with age and superimposed age changes, galactose utilization remained high throughout the study. PMID- 6961913 TI - Appearance of freeze-fractured rat incisor enamel during the forming stage. PMID- 6961914 TI - Effect of extracellular polysaccharides on diffusion of NaF and [14C]-sucrose in human dental plaque and in sediments of the bacterium Streptococcus sanguis 804 (NCTC 10904). AB - It has been postulated that extracellular polysaccharides form a barrier to diffusion in dental plaque. Diffusion coefficients, D, were measured for NaF and [14C]-sucrose in glucan-free and glucan-containing sediments of Strep. sanguis 804 at 37 degrees C. There was a tendency for NaF and [14C]-sucrose to diffuse faster as the carbohydrate concentration in the sediments increased. NaF diffused only 38 per cent more slowly in cell-free glucan sediment than in water, suggesting that glucan per se does not form a barrier to diffusion. The diffusion coefficient for NaF was positively correlated with carbohydrate concentration in individual plaque samples from 15 subjects and incubation of 3 plaque samples with sucrose resulted in both an increase in carbohydrate concentration in the plaque and an increase in D for NaF. Thus the presence of extracellular polysaccharides in plaque leads to slightly faster rates of diffusion. Nevertheless, the total time for diffusion through plaque may be increased if the presence of extracellular polysaccharides results in thicker layers of plaque. PMID- 6961915 TI - Heritability of dental occlusal variables in a family study in Liverpool, U.K. PMID- 6961916 TI - A pendulum system to deliver reproducible taps on single teeth to elicit silent periods in the electromyograms of human jaw muscles. AB - To deliver taps on single teeth, an easily-constructed pendulum system was designed which delivers mechanical stimuli with a constant intensity and morphology at high tapping rates. By interchanging the tips of the hammer mounted as a pendulum, the characteristics of the mechanical pulses can be modified. An electromagnetic brake makes the system insensitive to inevitable small variations of the head position. As no sound is produced prior to and up to 400 ms after the tap on the tooth, expectation patterns or acoustic reflexes which may influence the silent period are avoided. The system can also be used in animals. PMID- 6961917 TI - Ocular leukaemia in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. AB - Modern cytotoxic drugs increase the survival rate of children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL): But the eye is a pharmacological sanctuary and after clinical "cure" of the haematological disease the child may be blinded by leukaemic ocular infiltration. This is the history of a child who had had no recurrence of haematological leukaemia for four and a half years but following remission developed central nervous system (CNS) leukaemia followed by leukaemic iridocyclitis in the right eye after 20 months and in the left eye after three years three months from the initial diagnosis of ALL. Prophylactic cranial irradiation is performed on initial haematological diagnosis of ALL. This includes prophylactic irradiation of the posterior segment of the eye and optic nerve. Should this prophylactic irradiation of the posterior segment of the eye and optic nerve be repeated on diagnosis of CNS leukaemia and at specified intervals thereafter with recurrence of CNS leukaemia? PMID- 6961919 TI - Beryllium toxicity. The selective inhibition of casein kinase 1. AB - 1. Cyclic AMP-independent casein kinase 1 in liver cytoplasm and nuclei was inhibited by Be2+ in vitro (Ki 2.5 microM and 29 microM respectively). Casein kinase 2 (phosvitin kinase) and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase were unaffected. 2. The inhibition of casein kinase 1 by Be2+ was competitive with respect to the protein substrate; at non-saturating concentrations of casein, inhibition was non-competitive with respect to ATP. 3. In rats given LD50 doses of Be2+ 24 h before death, the activities of cytoplasmic and nuclear casein kinase 1 in livers from partially hepatectomized animals were diminished approx. 50%; with intact rats, nuclear casein kinase 1 was inhibited at concentrations of casein less than the Km. PMID- 6961918 TI - Involvement of a single thiol group in the conversion of the NAD+-dependent activity of rat liver xanthine oxidoreductase to the O2-dependent activity. AB - The effects of 2-iodosobenzoic acid, 4-chloromercuribenzoate, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2 nitrobenzoic acid) and tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide (disulphiram) on the NAD+-dependent activity of xanthine oxidoreductase from rat liver were investigated. Only disulphiram converted the NAD+-dependent activity into the O2 dependent activity quantitatively, without changing the xanthine hydroxylation rate. The modification process was a first-order reaction with respect to time (min) and disulphiram concentration (microM). The kinetic data showed that modification of single thiol group is sufficient for loss of the enzymic activity towards NAD+ as electron acceptor. The complete protection afforded by NAD+ against the action of disulphiram suggests that the essential thiol group may be involved in binding of NAD+ to the xanthine oxidoreductase molecule. PMID- 6961920 TI - 9-deoxy-delta 9-prostaglandin D2, a prostaglandin D2 derivative with potent antineoplastic and weak smooth muscle-contracting activities. PMID- 6961921 TI - Lipoprotein abnormalities associated with a familial deficiency of hepatic lipase. PMID- 6961922 TI - Influence of infant and juvenile diets on serum cholesterol, lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein concentrations in juvenile baboons (Papio sp.). AB - The long-term effects of infant diet (breast milk or formula containing 2, 30, or 60 mg/dl cholesterol) and subsequent dietary cholesterol (1 mg/kcal) and fat (saturated or unsaturated) on serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations were estimated using 82 juvenile baboons 4-6 years of age. A significant interaction of infant diet (breast vs formula) with type of fat (saturated vs unsaturated) at 4-6 years of age was observed on HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) concentrations. That is, animals breast-fed as infants had higher HDL cholesterol and apoA-I concentrations when fed unsaturated fat from weaning to 4-6 years of age than those fed saturated fat (77 vs 68 mg/dl). In contrast, animals fed formulas in infancy followed by a diet containing unsaturated fat had lower HDL cholesterol and apoA-I concentrations at 4-6 years of age than did those fed saturated fat (67 vs 78 mg/dl). However, breast feeding or feeding formulas containing various levels of cholesterol for 3 months during infancy did not result in statistically significant differences in total serum cholesterol, VLDL + LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentrations. Dietary cholesterol after infancy significantly increased serum total cholesterol, VLDL + LDL and HDL cholesterol, apoA-I and apoB concentrations. All of these response variables also were higher in animals fed saturated fat compared to those fed unsaturated fat on the same level of cholesterol. At 4-6 years of age, regardless of diet, females had significantly higher serum VLDL + LDL cholesterol (57 vs 43 mg/dl) and apoB concentrations (39 vs 30 mg/dl) than did males. PMID- 6961925 TI - [Gnathology and occlusion for everybody]. PMID- 6961923 TI - The influence of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis on plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 6961924 TI - Effect of diazepam (Valium) on LCAT activity in plasma from man. PMID- 6961926 TI - [A pathological study on cerebral mycosis]. AB - The histopathological examination was performed in search of cerebral mycosis in autopsy cases at our department during the 6 years from 1976 to 1981. The cerebral mycoses were histopathologically verified in seven cases, although brain tissue was examined in only 46% of 528 autopsy cases. All cases of cerebral mycosis showed underlying diseases which were hematologic diseases (5 cases), SLE (1 case), and myocardial infarction with indwelling deep venous lines (1 case). Among these cerebral mycosis, one had double fungal infections with aspergillus and candida, while others were as follows; aspergillosis (2 cases), mucormycosis (2 cases), candidiasis (1 case) and cryptococcosis (1 case). Six cases were not diagnosed antemortem with exception of a case of cryptococcosis. Systemic fungal infections were seen in six cases, however, a case of mucormycosis was without systemic infection. Each cerebral mycosis showed its own characteristic histopathologic findings, namely, hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions in aspergillosis and mucormycosis, scattered minute abscesses or granulomatous lesions in candidiasis, and gelatinous lesions in leptomeninges in cryptococcosis. Severe lymphocytopenia (less than 500/mm3) was always present in all except a case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. It is emphasized that cerebral mycosis should be always considered when neurological symptoms were clinically observed in patients who had severe underlying diseases and/or deep venous lines with severe lymphocytopenia. PMID- 6961927 TI - Factors influencing innovation in general dental practice. PMID- 6961928 TI - Toothache and cracked cusps. PMID- 6961929 TI - Towards a professional profession. PMID- 6961930 TI - Fluoride content of some bottled spring waters. PMID- 6961931 TI - A community study of fluoride tablets for school children in portsmouth. results after six years. PMID- 6961932 TI - Added years. PMID- 6961933 TI - Early oral cancer: treatment by biopsy excision. PMID- 6961934 TI - Intra-oral basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 6961935 TI - The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. PMID- 6961937 TI - A detached bronchogenic cyst occurring in the tongue of a neonate. PMID- 6961936 TI - Post-anaesthetic dental extraction analgesia: a comparison of paracetamol, codeine, caffeine (Solpadeine) and diflunisal (Dolobid). PMID- 6961938 TI - Aspergillosis mycetoma of the maxillary antrum. AB - Aspergillus is a fungus, usually found growing as one of the many moulds of fruit, foods and nuts. This paper deals with a ball of fungus growing in the maxillary antrum of an elderly female patient presenting as a radio-opaque expansile mass. In man, aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus flavis have both been incriminated as pathogenic species in the para nasal sinuses. Spores of aspergilli become mixed with dust and can enter the ear, nose and lungs. If conditions are favourable, growth will ensue. Generally aspergillus is believed to be an opportunistic pathogen more commonly found in the chronically ill and debilitated. In recent years, the widespread use of antibiotics, steroids as well as anticancer agents, has resulted in an increase of case reports (Zimmerman, 1955) although this may be due to a greater awareness and reporting (Titche, 1978). PMID- 6961939 TI - An irrigation device for the surgical handpiece. PMID- 6961940 TI - A homozygous human cell line contains three subsets of HLA-DR-like antigens distinguishable by amino acid sequencing. AB - The major histocompatibility complex (HLA in humans) contains a relatively large set of gene loci in the HLA-D/DR region responsible for regulation of the immune response. The structural dissection of the protein products of these loci is a necessary accompaniment to understanding of this response. In this study, two subsets of HLA-DR-like molecules have been separated by using monoclonal antibodies, and their component alpha and beta chains have been subjected to amino acid terminal sequencing. The results from this sequencing experiment show three differences in the first 14 residues of the beta chains and no differences in the first 15 residues of the alpha chains. These data along with previous sequencing of the DC-1 antigen [Bono, M. R., & Strominger, J. L. (1982) Nature (London) 299, 836-838] demonstrate that three distinct subsets of HLA-DR-like antigens are expressed by a homozygous human lymphoblastoid cell line. PMID- 6961941 TI - Influence of corticosteroids on glycogen content and steroid 11-reductase activity in lung and liver of the fetal and newborn rat. AB - Lung and liver glycogen and corticosteroid 11-reductase activity were studied in fetal and neonatal rats. Glycogen content peaked in the lung on day 20 of gestation, while hepatic glycogen content was generally lower and peaked later. Both pre- and postnatally, betamethasone administration resulted in lowered pulmonary and elevated hepatic glycogen. In both lung and liver, corticosteroid 11-reductase activity showed an inverse developmental pattern to glycogen content. Betamethasone elevated pulmonary corticosteroid 11-reductase activity and lowered hepatic activity. In lung and liver, glycogen content and corticosteroid 11-reductase activity are tightly linked during development and following glucocorticoid therapy. PMID- 6961942 TI - Hormonal milieu around parturition in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). AB - Radioimmunological measurements of prostaglandin F2 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha (PGFM), estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) were carried out in peripheral plasma around parturition in Murrah buffaloes. The PGF2 alpha concentration fluctuated before parturition and a peak was observed 1 day prior to parturition. PGFM, estradiol-17 beta and prolactin concentration increased gradually over the last 7 days with a significant peak (P less than 0.001) 1 day before parturition. The progesterone level declined gradually and an abrupt fall occurred 1-2 days before parturition. The estradiol 17 beta and prolactin concentrations declined to basal concentrations 1-2 days post partum, whereas PGF2 alpha and PGFM remained higher than basal concentrations. The LH concentration remained low without any significant variation. The progesterone concentration was negatively correlated with PGF2 alpha (r = 0.7039; P less than 0.05), PGFM (r = -0.8322; P less than 0.01) and estradiol-17 beta (r = -0.8896; P less than 0.001) before parturition. PMID- 6961943 TI - Release of relaxin by a nonluteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2 alpha in pregnant swine. AB - Ten gilts were infused intravenously for 5 min on Days 105 and 108 of gestation with 50 micrograms prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in 10 ml of saline or saline alone. Plasma concentrations of relaxin and progesterone were determined in samples taken 1) immediately before and after infusion, 2) at 10-min intervals throughout the first h postinfusion, 3) at 30-min intervals throughout the next 5 h, and 4) at 12-h intervals from Day 103 of gestation through Day 1 postpartum. Plasma concentrations of relaxin were increased immediately after infusion with PGF2 alpha and peaked within 10 min postinfusion. The peak was followed by a rapid decline in plasma relaxin throughout the remainder of the first hour following infusion. Progesterone values did not change from preinfusion levels for either treatment during this time period and did not differ between treatments for the remainder of the gestation period. When compared to controls, PGF2 alpha-treated animals were not significantly different with respect to length of gestation, duration of parturition or frequency of live births. These results indicate that exogenous PGF2 alpha can stimulate relaxin release from the corpus luteum without inducing luteolysis. PMID- 6961944 TI - Myeloid stem cell kinetics in children hypertransfused during remission induction of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Experimental studies in animals and recent preliminary clinical evidence raised the possibility that hypertransfusion might be capable of producing a beneficial effect on granulopoiesis recovery following irradiation or chemotherapy. This prompted us to design a study to determine the effect of hypertransfusion on the blood and marrow CFU-c of leukemic children during remission induction. Nineteen children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have been randomized in pairs to normotransfused (Hb: 12-14 g/dl) and hypertransfused (Hb: 16-18 g/dl) groups. Anti-leukemic chemotherapy (vincristine and adriamycin weekly during 4 weeks and prednisone daily) was identical in all children. As expected, suppression of erythropoiesis was observed in the hypertransfused group. During the first three courses of chemotherapy, the number of marrow CFU-c remained very low in both groups. One week after the third course of chemotherapy the number of bone marrow CFU-c began to increase in both groups. One week after course four the CFU-c value was significantly larger in the hypertransfused group. We also observed that circulating CFU-c were almost absent before induction chemotherapy, whereas their number increased after course three and was higher in the hypertransfused group and remained higher after course four. These results show the kinetics of bone marrow recovery after chemotherapy and suggest that hypertransfusion increases the rate of recovery of granulopoiesis. PMID- 6961946 TI - [Studies on the cavernous portion of the pterygoid venous plexus and its relation to the system of parapharyngeal spaces or fissures. II. Morphological study and a review of early concepts]. PMID- 6961947 TI - [Studies on the cavernous portion of the pterygoid venous plexus and its relation to the system of parapharyngeal spaces or fissures. III. Data and physiologic studies]. PMID- 6961945 TI - Blast cell and granulocyte production in human leukemia: pathophysiological concepts based on computer simulation using discrete modeling techniques. AB - The granulocyte production of two patients suffering from leukemia was studied extensively by means of the tritiated thymidine method of cellular kinetics. The data obtained (1-h labeling index, pattern of cell labeling, labeling intensity, as well as other conventional parameters of bone marrow and blood) were used to develop a computer model (GPSS-language) to fit the observations. From these models, it was concluded that patients with leukemia may have an abnormal granulopoiesis, characterized by a high degree of inefficiency (premature cell death, skipping of divisions with undisturbed maturation). However, the underlying mechanisms may be quite different. While it cannot be excluded that in acute myelocytic leukemia there is a stem and/or progenitor cell pool that is highly ineffective but still capable of feeding some cells into the granulocytic pathway, it is nevertheless possible, as shown in plasma cell leukemia, that the ineffective granulopoiesis may be the result of direct or indirect interaction between the "leukemic" and the "normal" cell clone. PMID- 6961948 TI - [A critical study of amelogenesis imperfecta]. PMID- 6961949 TI - Binge eating and its management. PMID- 6961950 TI - Regulation of human natural killing by levamisole. AB - The effect of levamisole on human natural killing (NK) has been studied. In short term chromium release assays, levamisole at a concentration of 10(-3) M was inhibitory to NK when present in the assays. Pretreatment of NK effector cells and K562 target cells with levamisole separately indicated that the effect was on effector cell activity and was not due to any change in target cell susceptibility. Inactivation of the effector cells required greater than 4 h pretreatment with levamisole if NK activity was subsequently tested in the absence of the drug. Pretreatment with levamisole for up to 19 h had no effect on the lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). NK activity of drug-inactivated effector cells recovered after further incubation in levamisole free medium. Levamisole at 10(-4) M or less had no effect on NK either by pretreatment or by its presence in the NK assays. PMID- 6961951 TI - Susceptibility of human leukaemias to cell-mediated cytotoxicity by interferon treated allogeneic lymphocytes. AB - Twenty-two human leukaemias, comprising acute phase leucocytes from 13 acute myeloid and nine lymphoid leukaemias, were tested for susceptibility to spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) by untreated lymphocytes and lymphocytes treated for 18 h with 250 IU lymphoblastoid (Namalva) interferon (IFN alpha). IFN-amplified killing (IAK) by lymphocytes from 24 normal lymphocyte donors was checked on the K562 erythroleukaemia cell line, for comparison with IAK on fresh leukaemias. Nine leukaemias were tested with lymphocytes from three donors, nine with lymphocytes from six donors, three with lymphocytes from nine donors, and one with lymphocytes from 11 donors. Some degree of susceptibility to IAK was found in five acute myeloid and five lymphoid leukaemias, which was markedly dependent upon the source of the effector lymphocytes and did not correlate with the degree of IAK on K562. The 12 other leukaemias were virtually resistant to IAK. The results emphasize the variability in the capacity of IFN treated lymphocytes to lyse leukaemias that have not been adapted to tissue culture. The basis of effector recognition of cell line and fresh tumour targets is discussed. PMID- 6961952 TI - Influence of non-specific immunologic factors on prognosis in advanced bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Fifty-nine evaluable patients with stage III bronchogenic carcinoma, participating in a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of adjuvant immunotherapy with levamisole or BCG in the treatment of clinically advanced lung cancer, were studied for their immunocompetence by in vitro and in vivo assays. Immunological tests consisted of measurements of natural killer (NK) cell and killer (K) cell cytotoxicity, skin testing reactivity to recall antigens, absolute lymphocyte count, and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. Pretherapy K cell cytotoxic levels, skin test reactivity to trichophyton antigen, and increased IgA levels were predictive of the overall clinical course. Despite non specific immunotherapy, progressive decline of NK and K cell cytotoxicity occurred during the course of the disease. These findings, however, were of limited clinical value. Initial performance status and disease extent significantly influenced time to progression and survival. Little further prognostic information was obtained from the immunological tests over those provided by clinical performance status and disease extent. No statistically significant differences were found in either time to progression or survival between controls and patients receiving either levamisole or BCG. PMID- 6961953 TI - [Prostaglandin F2 alpha and acetylcholine in pollen allergy]. PMID- 6961955 TI - [Intubation using a flexible fibro-optic bronchoscope]. PMID- 6961954 TI - Expression of idiotype 315(Id315) and I-A antigens in MOPC-315 tumor cells grown in vivo. PMID- 6961956 TI - [Odontogenic mesenchymal tumors and their current histopathological classification]. PMID- 6961957 TI - [Cephalometric analysis of dentofacial characteristics]. PMID- 6961958 TI - [Relation between various clinical findings in sialolithiasis of the submandibular salivary gland]. PMID- 6961959 TI - [Damage to the oral mucosa after treatment with cytostatics]. PMID- 6961960 TI - [Secondary tumours of the orofacial region]. PMID- 6961963 TI - [Care of patients with acute promyelocytec leukemia complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 6961961 TI - [Abnormal occlusion and sigmatism]. PMID- 6961962 TI - [Transcutaneous neurostimulation electroanalgesia (possible application in oral, mandibular and facial surgery)]. PMID- 6961964 TI - Threshold changes of the jaw-opening reflex by the impulses of afferent nerve fibers for conveying electroacupuncture analgesia in rats. AB - The effects of the conditioning electrical stimuli applied directly to the nerves (45 Hz, 0.1 ms, 15 min) innervating the meridian points of Yin-Hsiang (infraorbital nerve), Ho-Ku (radial nerve) and Zu-Sanli (common peroneal nerve) on the pulp-evoked jaw-opening reflex were investigated in the Wistar albino rats. The threshold change of the digastric electromyogram activity in the reflex was monitored during and after the conditioning stimulation. There was a gradual change in the threshold and the effect remained for several minutes after the cessation of the conditioning stimulation. In case of stimulating each ipsilateral nerve, the effective degree was 210 to 260% of the control. On the other hand, when each contralateral nerve was stimulated, the degree was 170 to 200% of the control. The reflex was also evoked by the low intensity of the direct infraorbital nerve stimulation. The threshold value of this reflex was not altered by the conditioning stimulation of each nerve. PMID- 6961965 TI - New selenium-containing silver amalgam. AB - An investigation was made to determine the effects of the addition of selenium to the silver-tin amalgam alloy. The addition of 0.2 wt% to 0.6 wt% selenium in the alloy completely eliminated the cytotoxicity, evaluated by the 51Cr release assay and morphology, of the silver amalgam on the L cells and JTC-12 cells. The physical properties of the amalgam containing 0.2 wt% selenium in the alloy were tested according to the American Dental Association Specification No. 1 for Alloy for Dental Amalgam and were found to meet the requirements. PMID- 6961966 TI - Angiographic demonstration of cerebral revascularization after encephalo-duro arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) performed on pediatric moyamoya patients. AB - For the treatment of the moyamoya disease, we developed a surgical procedure of Encephalo-duro-aterio-synangiosis (EDAS), which was conducted in 15 cases on 23 sides. As a result we obtained improvement in cerebral vascularization as well as in neurological and electroencephalographic findings in all cases. This report describes an introduction of the procedure and a review of the postoperative cerebral angiograms. Cerebral revascularization by EDAS proceeded on the following steps, and it was confirmed that efficient cerebral revascularization could be obtained 6 months after the operation in almost all cases following the steps: 1) dilatation and increase of dural artery, 2) dilatation of donor scalp artery, 3) cerebral revascularization with the development of visible fine spontaneous anastomoses between the donor scalp artery and the cerebral arteries and 4) further dilatation of the donor scalp artery and retraction of the abnormal rete vasculosum at the base of the brain. PMID- 6961969 TI - Deterioration of phosphate-bonded investment on exposure to 100% relative humidity atmosphere. PMID- 6961968 TI - Effects of starvation and protein deficiency on the acute carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. AB - The effects of starvation and protein-deficient diet on the acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity of the mice were studied histologically and histochemically. A total of 69 male mice (C57BL/6) were used and carbon tetrachloride was administered by a single subcutaneous injection at a dose of 0.1 mg/10 g body weight after starvation for 24 hours and feeding with protein-deficient diet for one month. The changes were examined consecutively. It was shown the the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was exaggerated by starvation and that the regeneration after centrilobular necrosis due to CCl4 administration was retarded under this condition. In the CCl4-treated group on protein-deficient diet, the centrilobular liver cells seemed to be less responsive to CCl4. PMID- 6961967 TI - Ethylene oxide sterilization of medical devices--with special reference to the sporicidal activity and residual concentration of ethylene oxide and its secondary products. AB - For the sterilization of disposable medical devices, ethylene oxide gas is used in most cases. When this sterilization method is used, ethylene oxide (EO) and its secondary products, i.e., ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH) and ethylene glycol (EG), remain in the medical devices after sterilization. If their concentration is high, these residues are liable to cause hemolytic activity and dermal or mucous membrane irritability in the human body. For this reason, in 1978 the FDA announced a proposal to regulate the residual limits of EO, ECH and EG. Our studies were done to examine the conditions of EO sterilization from the viewpoints of the sterilization effect and the residual chemical substances and to find the optimum conditions for sterilization. Further, the aerator was fabricated for the exclusive purpose of reducing, within a brief period, the concentration of EO and other substances remaining in the medical devices after sterilization and we examined the condition of aeration by using this aerator. As the result, it was found that a satisfactory sterilization effect could be obtained under the sterilization conditions of an EO gas concentration of 500 mg/liter, a sterilizing temperature of 55 to 60 degrees C and a sterilizing time of two hours, and under these conditions the concentration of the residual substances such as the EO could be made comparatively lower. It was also clarified that the minimum required aeration conditions by using the exclusive use aerator were a temperature of 55 to 60 degrees C and an aeration time of 24 hours and over. PMID- 6961970 TI - Successful treatment of a patient with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) and anthracycline cardiomyopathy with 4' (9-acridinylamino) methanesulfon-m-anisidide (AMSA). AB - A patient with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in relapse and anthracycline cardiomyopathy was treated with AMSA in combination with cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine (AAT). Induction of remission was accomplished after one course of therapy without development of congestive heart failure. Radionuclide studies done prior to and subsequent to the reinduction with AAT revealed that the combination did not induce further deterioration of myocardial function. Although the exact risk of AMSA causing additional cardiac damage will require more extensive experience, this case suggests that AMSA may be safely given to patients with anthracycline cardiomyopathy and may be the treatment of choice for this group of patients. PMID- 6961971 TI - Uptake and metabolism of daunorubicin by human leukemia cells. AB - Radiolabeled daunorubicin was used to study in vitro uptake of daunorubicin (DNR) by the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and by leukemic cells from five previously untreated patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Uptake of the metabolite daunorubicinol (DOL) and the metabolism of DNR were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Uptake of DNR and DOL by HL-60 and ANLL cells exhibited a similar kinetic pattern. The uptake of DOL was 35%-50% of the uptake of DNR at the same test concentration in both HL-60 and ANLL cells. Approximately 5%-10% of intracellular DNR was metabolized to DOL by HL-60 and ANLL cells after 24 h of drug exposure. Measurements of DNR or DOL derived from liquid scintillation spectrometry and HPLC permit a sensitive and accurate assessment of the pharmacokinetics of these drugs in human leukemia cells. In addition, the HL-60 cell line can be used as a model for studying in vitro pharmacokinetics of the anthracyclines. PMID- 6961972 TI - Pharmacokinetics of low-dose methotrexate in children receiving maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Serum methotrexate (MTX) concentrations were measured by immunoassay in 28 children receiving maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Patients were studied either after a single weekly dose or on the first day of a 5-day course of treatment. A standard dose (15 mg/m2) was given PO and/or IV. After PO dose the peak serum MTX concentration and its timing varied widely between cases and there was a significant positive correlation between the rate of serum concentration rise and the area under the concentration curve up to 4 h. The absorption rate constant showed a biphasic distribution and correlated less closely with early serum concentrations. After IV and PO administration drug disposition was triphasic with an initial rapid distribution phase, an intermediate phase, and a prolonged terminal elimination phase. The intermediate phase half-life was significantly longer after PO than after an IV dose. The MTX clearance rate was consistently lower than the glomerular filtration rate and there was no significant correlation between the two. The mean bioavailability (PO/IV) was 42%, but bioavailability was as low as 6% in some cases due to prolonged high serum concentrations after an IV dose, which was not seen with the equivalent PO dose. PMID- 6961973 TI - Role of the host in the variable chemotherapeutic response of advanced Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma. AB - It is axiomatic that a given dose of an antitumor agent will not produce the same effect in 100% of the treated subjects. Numerous explanations regarding the sources of this heterogeneous response to drugs have been offered; however, there is a scarcity of experimental data allowing critical evaluation of the sources of variance. It is possible to study heterogeneous antitumor drug response in experimental, inbred animals. One animal model system, the advanced Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma, exhibits marked variation in its response to maximally tolerated doses of a number of clinically active antitumor agents. To evaluate the role of the host in the variable drug response, the tumor was bilaterally implanted into the flank regions of recipient AKR male mice. Treatment of the advanced tumor (200 mg-1,500 mg) with maximally tolerated doses of vincristine or L-phenylalanine mustard produced marked, but variable antitumor responses. Evaluation of a number of quantal and graded parameters of the chemotherapeutic response suggested that host heterogeneity contributes to variability. The host contribution was more apparent in this experiment model when the agent was noncurative. The underlying biological basis for the host heterogeneity is not known; however, it appears likely that pharmacological, immunological or other differences between the inbred animals account for the heterogeneity. Identification of these factors may be experimentally feasible in this animal model and help in the design of future studies in humans. PMID- 6961974 TI - Genetic marker studies on a family with a 14/15 translocation. PMID- 6961975 TI - The human gene map, 20 October 1982. PMID- 6961976 TI - Effect on caries and gingivitis of a preventive program based on oral hygiene measures and fluoride application. AB - The present investigation was performed to estimate the effect on caries and gingivitis of a plaque control program delivered at different intervals and supplemented with different fluoride compounds. The study ran for 2 years and was completed by 260 children who were 13-14 years old at the beginning. Professional tooth cleaning in combination with detailed oral hygiene instructions repeated once a month or every 3 months significantly improved their oral hygiene status and reduced clinical signs of gingivitis. The addition of fluoride (NaF or MFP) in mouthrinses and toothpastes significantly reduced the number of new carious lesions. No significant differences were observed in gingival health and caries activity between the programs delivered once a month and every 3 months. PMID- 6961978 TI - Treatment of caries and periodontitis in Sweden in 1974-77. AB - During 1974 and 1975 a sample of individuals in Sweden between 20 and 60 years were interviewed about dental care habits. 938 of them were then clinically examined. An estimation of the time needed for treatment of dental caries and periodontitis was based upon the clinical examination. Dental status and the estimated treatment time were then related to the dental care carried out during one period of 18 months and one of 48 months after the clinical examination. For these calculations, information on dental care was acquired from the patient register of the National Social Insurance Board. The results derived from the analyses showed that the requisite time for treating caries related well to the treatment executed. On the other hand the time for treating periodontal disease showed a poorer agreement with what could have been expected from the clinical periodontal status. The treatment time devoted to periodontal disease was considerably higher in the metropolitan areas, with their higher density of dentists, than in other parts of Sweden. Thus, dental care in Sweden between 1974 and 1978 concentrated primarily on restorative procedures while a progression of periodontal disease was largely ignored by dental practitioners. PMID- 6961977 TI - A time-related study of intake pattern of fluoride tablets among Swedish preschoolchildren and parental attitudes. AB - The principal aim of this study was to investigate sodium fluoride tablet consumption and its variability over a particular period. Information was collected from questionnaires sent in 1975 and 1980 to all parents of children born in Lund, Sweden, in 1967 and 1972 and still resident in this city, where drinking water contains 0.2 parts/10(6) F. The results showed that 69% of the children born in 1967 (n = 373) had taken tablets at some time during the period 1/2-7 years of age and that 13% had consumed tablets regularly for minimum 5 1/2 years. The corresponding figures for children born in 1972 (n = 474) were 51% and 12%, respectively. Sporadic consumers were responsible for the main difference (15%) between the two populations. A selection of parents from the 1975 and 1980 materials was made with respect to duration of consumption and level of parental education. The frequency of non-users had increased mostly among families with a higher parental education. For those parents who had not given their children tablets or had ceased to do so, the 1980 inquiry was enlarged with questions about reasons for this. The item marked most frequently (56%) implied that fluoride may be dangerous to swallow. Another 13% responded that they had not been recommended to give their children tablets. However, topical use of fluoride in toothpaste during preschool age and in mouthrinses from 6 years of age is, according to the present study, well accepted. PMID- 6961979 TI - Dental health practices in Norwegian adults. AB - A nationwide sample of 1511 Norwegian adults were interviewed in 1979-80 concerning health habits, including dental habits. While daily toothbrushing and regular treatment attendance appeared to have become the rule among young and middle aged individuals, use of dental floss and especially of fluoride tablets or rinses, still are the exception. Dental health habits were clustered around the variable treatment attendance with slightly different patterns for men and for women. Measures of sugar consumptions were only slightly correlated with background variables and dental health behavior. While the latter was socially dependent, consumption of sugar probably was attached to personal characteristics or situational factors. The correlations between dental health behavior and other health behavior practices were generally weak, and somewhat different for men and women. Two separate types of motives for preventive behavior were distinguished between: health motives and cosmetic motives. PMID- 6961981 TI - Use of a computer to plot and compare periodontal pocket charts. PMID- 6961983 TI - Variation in radiographic caries diagnosis and treatment decisions among university teachers. AB - Twelve duplicated bitewing radiographs of clinical quality were viewed under controlled conditions by 42 dentists in a teaching department. The dentists noted surfaces with initial caries or with caries in need of treatment. The radiographs were rediagnosed by 20% of the dentists to determine inter- and intra examiner reliability. A norm for the validity of lesion presence in enamel or dentin was applied. The variation in surfaces indicated for treatment is illustrated by: mean 40, s.d. 16, min. 13 and max. 89 for the 42. The mean proportion of true positive filling decisions in percentages was 67, s.d. 18, the mean proportion of false positive filling decisions was 22, s.d. 22. A large individual variation was found in this study. The dental teachers saw less caries present than the norm but some indicated more fillings needed than dentin caries present. It is suggested that care in the educational process should be given to developing appropriate caries treatment criteria. Factors conducive to preventively orientated treatment decisions in the clinical situation need further attention. PMID- 6961980 TI - Influence of children's dentofacial appearance on teacher expectations. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine whether the presence of dentofacial anomaly in a child would unfavourably bias a schoolteacher's expectations of the child's scholastic potential, social relationships or personality. Black and white portrait photographs of an attractive boy and girl and an unattractive boy and girl were obtained and modified so that for each face, five different photographic versions were available. In each version, the child's face was standardized except that a different dentofacial arrangement was demonstrated. These were normal incisors, prominent incisors, missing lateral incisor, severely crowded incisors and unilateral cleft lip. Each photograph was attached to a school record card which presented a standardized educational history of an average pupil. The record cards were evaluated by 320 schoolteachers, uninformed as to the true nature of the investigation, and their assessments recorded on a questionnaire. The experimental procedure was such that the effect and interaction of different levels of facial attractiveness, different dentofacial arrangements, sex of photographed child, and sex of teacher could be analysed. The hypothesis, that children's faces with a normal dental appearance or high background facial attractiveness would gain preferential bias in teacher expectations, was not supported. PMID- 6961982 TI - Quality of intraoral radiographs from 9-11-year-old Norwegian children. AB - The quality of intraoral radiographic series consisting of 10 periapical and two posterior bitewing radiographs from 200 children were examined by six dentists. The radiographs were evaluated both without and, subsequently, with specified criteria. In the absence of specified criteria, no general agreement between the examiners was found when they were asked to state the quality of a radiograph. Using specified criteria much better agreement was obtained. The radiographic images of the maxillary and mandibular incisors were generally found acceptable using the criteria set up for the present study while the images of the canines, premolars and especially molars frequently were found unacceptable. Only a small proportion of the approximal surfaces on the posterior bitewings were found to be unreadable for caries of dentin while approximately 20% of the approximal surfaces were unreadable for caries of enamel. Approximately half the bitewing films had been placed wrongly in the mouth. Considering the available knowledge about prevalence of disease and anomalies in children of this age, quality of the radiographs, examiner variability and a possible harmful effect of radiography, screening with full-mouth intraoral radiographs in the actual age group does not seem to be justified in the population studied. PMID- 6961985 TI - Relationship between caries prevalence and incidence among adolescents. AB - The purpose of this study was 1) to determine the strength and direction of the association between caries prevalence at 13-14 years of age and subsequent caries increments and 2) to assess the goodness of fit of a multivariate model to caries increments from age 13 1/2 to 20. Two sets of data were used. The first consisted of treatment records for 114 children from an incremental dental care program. They were divided into high and low caries prevalence groups at ages 13 and 14 and 2-and 3-year caries increments were calculated. Unstandardized regression coefficients and Pearson's r were used to determine the relationship between baseline caries prevalence and subsequent caries increments. This relationship was consistently positive in the low prevalence group, but changed to negative in the high prevalence group. This change of direction is most likely attributable to saturation with regard to caries. The second material comprised 20-year-old military recruits for 90 of whom treatment records were available from age 13 1/2. Caries prevalence at 13 1/2 years of age was by far the most important predictor of caries increment from age 13 1/2 to 20. The multivariate model provided a good fit to the empirical data (R2 = 37.4%). It was concluded that the interpretation of the results of clinical and field trials of anticaries agents may be complicated due to a saturation phenomenon if adolescent subjects with high caries prevalence of baseline are used. PMID- 6961984 TI - Enamel mineralization disturbances in 12-year-old children with known early exposure to fluorides. AB - Enamel changes and caries experience were studied in 134 12-year-old children with a known early exposure to fluoride tablets and/or fluoride containing toothpaste. The influence of birth weight and breast-feeding period was also analyzed. A clinical intact enamel was found in 32% of the children. Enamel fluorosis was found in 45% and localized opacities or hypoplasias in 40%. Children who had consumed fluoride tablets for a period of at least 12 months from the age of 6 months ran a 5.4 times greater risk of developing enamel fluorosis than children with no such consumption. No such risk could be shown in children who at 6 or 12 months of age started to use fluoride toothpaste. There was no statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of smooth surface caries or fillings in children with an exposure to fluoride tablets. PMID- 6961986 TI - Changes in the epidemiologic pattern of dental caries in a Danish rural community over a 10-year period. AB - A number of reports during recent years have suggested that dental caries is decreasing in several populations. In order to substantiate this, recordings of dental caries collected over a 10-year period were analyzed. All children received systematic preventive and restorative care from kindergarten to 9th or 10th grade (age approximately 16 years). Each cohort consisted of 50-60 children, and data on dental caries were available on all children in 1st through 7th grade over a 9-year period. Mean DMFS had decreased with 72% for 1st graders, 65% for 4th graders and 69% for 7th graders. Analyses of the distribution of children according to DMFS showed that in spite of the general decrease in mean DMFS, some children still showed high DMFS-values. The variability according to DMFS was increased during the same period as indicated by the coefficient of variation. Furthermore, children with a given, high DMFS account for a decreasing fraction of all DMF-surfaces in the population as the mean DMFS decreases. It is suggested that the effect on mean DMFS for the entire group of children of a hypothetical, individualized preventive program for high-risk individuals would be limited. In the light of these findings the appropriateness of special preventive programs for "high-risk" individuals is questioned. PMID- 6961987 TI - [A conversation with Prof. Jean Judet. Interview by Monique Maire]. PMID- 6961988 TI - [A rare case: heterotopia in the chin]. PMID- 6961989 TI - [Josamycin in oral-dental infections]. PMID- 6961990 TI - [The gerontologist and the dentist confront drug-induced hyposalivation]. PMID- 6961991 TI - [Memorandum of principal errors in emergencies ... or what not to do]. PMID- 6961992 TI - [Industrial and pharmaceutical novelties. Gingival Nifluril-Gel]. PMID- 6961994 TI - Harmonizing the professional codes of the countries of the European Economic Community. PMID- 6961993 TI - [Industrial and pharmaceutical novelties. Sterisson]. PMID- 6961995 TI - [Fluoride dentifrices: resistance of enamel acquired in vitro by brushing]. PMID- 6961996 TI - [Odontodysplastic odontome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6961997 TI - [The right of prescription and of possession of drugs used by dental surgeons]. PMID- 6961998 TI - [Hormonal factors of growth]. PMID- 6961999 TI - [A double-faced mirror. Characteristics in relation to a conventional mirror]. PMID- 6962002 TI - [Oralock]. PMID- 6962001 TI - [Disks, cups and tapered points for polishing]. PMID- 6962000 TI - [Preventive classification of sports activities at the disposal of the practitioner as a function of his spinal type]. PMID- 6962003 TI - [The Unident hygiene kit]. PMID- 6962004 TI - [Importance of the developmental pathology of the lower wisdom teeth in sports dentistry]. PMID- 6962006 TI - Kyoto symposia. 10th International Congress of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Kyoto, Japan, September 13-18, 1981. PMID- 6962007 TI - Disorders of conduction in the somatosensory pathway studied by averaged cerebral evoked potentials in man. PMID- 6962005 TI - [Primary herpes simplex in a dental surgeon]. PMID- 6962008 TI - Features of central and peripheral nerve conduction in demyelinating diseases and specific neuropathies in Japan. AB - Short latency SEPs, either with median nerve stimulation at the wrist or with tibial nerve stimulation at the ankle, were recorded in 14 patients with localized subcortical lesions, 27 Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 5 patients each of "polyneuropathy with pigmentation, oedema, hypertrichosis and plasma cell dyscrasia (polyneuropathy with PEHP)" and subacute myelo-optico neuropathy (SMON), and healthy adults for controls. The component N13 with median nerve stimulation was localized at C4 to C7 electrodes, and was absent in cases with cervical cord lesions but present in cases with lesions anywhere in the medulla or above. N13 was concluded to be generated in the cervical cord. Short latency SEP was found applicable to clinical investigation of the peripheral and central conduction. It was found useful for detecting subclinical demyelinating lesion in MS, and this was especially so with tibial nerve stimulation. In "polyneuropathy with PEHP," the present physiological findings (prolonged interpeak latency from N9 to N13, and amplitude reduction and delayed peak latency of N9 with median nerve stimulation) were in conformity with neuropathological findings consisting of an extensive segmental demyelination in the spinal root, and axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination in the peripheral nerve. In SMON, the primary involvement of the central conduction, exclusively in the distal portion of the gracile fasciculus, was substantiated by the present physiological findings (prolonged interpeak latency from N20 to P40 with tibial nerve stimulation, but normal SEP with median nerve stimulation). PMID- 6962009 TI - Plasticity and specificity in the red nucleus. PMID- 6962010 TI - Muscle restraint in speed controlled voluntary and passive movements. PMID- 6962011 TI - The use of electromyograms to assess impaired voluntary movement associated with increased muscle tone. PMID- 6962012 TI - Stretch reflex activity in the spastic patient. PMID- 6962013 TI - Discriminative electrophysiological tests to study the mode of action of myorelaxant drugs. PMID- 6962014 TI - Animal techniques for evaluating muscle relaxants. PMID- 6962018 TI - Mechanism of amygdaloid convulsive seizure development. PMID- 6962017 TI - Effect of dantrolene sodium on skeletal muscles and stretch reflexes. PMID- 6962015 TI - Several methods for the evaluation of muscle relaxants in gamma motor activity. AB - (1) The active tension-extension diagram of slowly (2 mm/sec) stretched triceps surae muscle of the decerebrate cat has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of spinal motor activity. For example, diazepam at doses larger than 0.01 mg/kg shifted the diagram parallel to the right. (2) The effects of central muscle relaxants on the gamma system can be observed in functionally isolated group Ia fibres but also in the "integrated" afferent discharges of the whole (or a part of) S1 dorsal root in response to stretching of the triceps surae muscle. The latter has statistically more value than the former recording. The effect of diazepam could block the gamma fibres selectively. Diazepam at doses larger than 0.1 mg/kg could block the gamma activity totally. (3) More than 3 months after degeneration with dry ice, the reinnervated muscle shows a fully recovered twitch tension but fails to show gamma activity (alpha muscle). Diazepam has no effect on the discharge from the muscle spindles in the alpha muscle. PMID- 6962016 TI - Mechanism of action of dantrolene sodium, a peripherally acting muscle relaxant. AB - The mechanism of action of dantrolene sodium, a peripherally acting muscle relaxant, is reviewed. It does not alter action potentials or responses of the contractile proteins to Ca. The amount of Ca acting on the contractile proteins during twitch must, therefore, be reduced, but since Ca uptake by the SR is not altered, Ca release from the SR must be reduced by the drug. Other characteristics of this drug and their clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 6962020 TI - Mesolimbic system and amygdaloid kindling. AB - In order to study a functional change in n. accumbens resulting from the amygdaloid seizure, and to examine the role of n. accumbens in amygdaloid seizure development, 2 experiments were done: first, interaction between the n. accumbens and amygdala was studied using kindling and the transference phenomenon and, secondly, the effects of n. accumbens lesions on amygdaloid kindling and the kindled seizure were examined in cats. (1) Positive transfer from n. accumbens to amygdala and hippocampus and behavioural seizure manifestations of n. accumbens kindling identical to those of amygdaloid kindling were shown. (2) Positive transfer from amygdaloid kindling to n. accumbens, and the emergence of an EEG epileptic focus in n. accumbens during amygdaloid seizure development were found. (3) Bilateral n. accumbens lesions lowered the final after-discharge threshold, prolonged the seizure duration, and facilitated the positive transfer from amygdala to hippocampus, while it had no effect on the amygdaloid kindling rate. Possible functional alterations in n. accumbens due to limbic seizures and a role of n. accumbens in limbic seizure development are discussed. PMID- 6962019 TI - Amygdaloid organization related to the kindling effect. AB - Since the original observation that repetition of initially subconvulsive stimulation can lead to a progressive and permanently enhanced epileptic susceptibility, the kindling paradigm has been extensively used in epileptic research. Because of the ease with which kindling develops following stimulation of the amygdaloid complex, this structure offers a particular interest. For example, the hippocampus, which is also known for its vulnerability to epileptogenic procedures or conditions, requires much more stimulation than the amygdala to kindle fully. The electrical stimulation of different limbic structures evokes different electrographic and behavioural signs which are proper to each structure. When the stimulation is repeated, typical amygdaloid signs, such as oro-alimentary manifestations, appear with variable delay according to the structure. From this stage, probably involving the amygdala, the subsequent kindling development is identical, regardless of the origin of the primary focus. EEG, behavioural and pharmacological evidences are also given which support a key role for the amygdala. The active participation of the amygdala in kindling development is discussed on the basis of our knowledge of its synaptic organization as well as of its system of interconnections. The amygdala is unique in the brain because of its strong links with both the extrapyramidal and limbic systems. The possibility that the amygdala has an easier access to the neurocircuits involved in the development of severe limbic motor seizures is suggested. PMID- 6962021 TI - Kindling in the spinal cord: differential effects on mono- and polysynaptic reflexes and its modifications by atropine and naloxone. AB - We have used the kindling paradigm at the spinal cord level. In spinal, unanaesthetized, paralysed (gallamine 20 mg/kg) cats, the cutaneous afferent (sural) or the muscle afferent (gastrocnemius, tibial and peroneal) nerves were electrically stimulated at 20 min intervals with a 3 sec train (100 Hz, 2 msec pulse duration, 200-400 microA). Kindling was assessed by averaging 16 mono- or polysynaptic ventral root reflex responses produced by constant intensity single shocks. Atropine sulphate (0.5 mg/kg) and naloxone (0.4 mg/kg) effects were measured in the kindled preparation. Kindling induced a progressive increment of the amplitude, ipsilateral propagation and after-discharge frequency. This was greater in polysynaptic responses. When testing monosynaptic responses during the kindling of cutaneous afferents, a cumulative inhibitory effect was observed. In both types of kindled response, atropine had a transient inhibitory effect. Naloxone noticeably augmented the kindled polysynaptic reflexes. PMID- 6962022 TI - Kindling: a pharmacological approach. AB - Injection of a few nanomoles of the muscarinic agonists carbamylcholine, muscarine or (+)-acetyl-beta-methylcholine once a day into the rat amygdala was initially subconvulsive, but on repetition led to the progressive development of kindled epileptic seizures. This behaviour was stereospecific, was potentiated by the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine, and was blocked by the muscarinic antagonists atropine, QNB and scopolamine. The kindling potencies of cholinergic muscarinic agonists and antagonists paralleled their relative affinities for muscarinic receptors in vitro. No changes in muscarinic receptors, in cholinesterase or in choline acetyltransferase were observed in kindled brains after a stimulation-free period of at least 1 week. These data support the aggregate hypothesis of epileptogenesis and suggest that abnormal activity through a particular group of muscarinic synapses can be sufficient to generate an epileptic focus. PMID- 6962025 TI - Sensory evoked potentials and their changes with respiration in man and cat. AB - Cutaneously evoked cortical potentials were recorded in man and chloralosed cats, in order to analyse the neural mechanisms responsible for their fluctuation with respiration. From the Cz region of the human scalp, 2 components of potentials, early and late, were evoked following mechanical stimulation of a finger contralateral to the recording side. These potentials varied with the phase of respiration, the late component being larger in amplitude and longer in duration when the stimulus was applied during expiration. From the surface of the primary somatosensory cortex of the cat (gyri sigmoideus posterior), 3 components of potentials were evoked following mechanical stimulation of the skin around the contralateral hind limb. These were surface negative (N1), followed by positive (P) and delayed negative (N2) potentials. The respiratory fluctuations were mainly in the duration of N2, which was shortest at the end of the inspiratory phase, while it was longest at the shifting point from expiration to inspiration. The peak time of N2 was shortest at the end of the inspiratory phase and longest at the end of the expiratory phase. On the contrary, N1 and P potentials did not fluctuate. The results indicate that the late components of cutaneously evoked cortical potentials vary, depending on the respiratory phase. Each response was increased during expiration and decreased during inspiration. These fluctuations may possibly originate in the brain stem reticular formation. PMID- 6962024 TI - Separate analysis of lasting alteration in excitatory synapses, inhibitory synapses and cellular excitability in association with kindling. PMID- 6962023 TI - Common aspects of the development of a kindling epileptogenic focus in the prepyriform cortex of the dog and in the hippocampus of the rat: spontaneous interictal transients with changing polarities. AB - Long-term records of field potentials during kindling were analysed in 2 preparations: the prepyriform cortex (PPC) in dog and the CA1 subarea of the hippocampus in rat. Besides the occurrence of after-discharges directly following the kindling stimulus, short transients were found to occur spontaneously between seizures: spontaneous inter-ictal transients or SITs. In both the PPC and the hippocampus 2 different types of SITs were encountered. Both types corresponded to a dipole layer centred around the main local pyramidal neurones (PPC or hippocampus). One type occurred early in the course of kindling and had the same polarity as the local evoked potential (EP) produced by stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract in PPC or of the Schaffer collaterals in the hippocampus. The other type occurred at later stages and had a reversed polarity to the EP. These findings were interpreted as indicating that at the onset of kindling spontaneously occurring depolarizations corresponding to the early type of SITs are restricted to the level of the synapses to which the kindling stimulus is applied; at a later stage, when convulsions are likely to occur, large spontaneous depolarizations corresponding to the late type of SITs are generated at the level of the cell bodies. PMID- 6962027 TI - Auditory evoked potentials recorded directly from the human VIIIth nerve and brain stem: origins of their fast and slow components. AB - Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in humans are composed of fast pseudorhythmic positive waves and slow positive and negative waves. The sources of these components have been identified on the basis of the observation of amplitude increase in depth records during surgery and by tracing these potentials from their intracranial maximum to the scalp by using movable electrodes within the IVth, IIIrd and lateral ventricles. The first wave I represents postsynaptic activities of the first auditory neurones; axonal volleys travelling along the auditory nerve do not contribute to this wave, which is obviously discrepant with the currently accepted view. Waves II and III are primarily generated within the pons, with possible contributions from the auditory nerve. Waves IV and VI originate from the pons and the medial geniculate body respectively. Both slow positive and negative waves have their origin in the inferior colliculus (IC). The slow positive waves probably represent incoming axonal volley and the negative waves, the postsynaptic potentials in the IC. PMID- 6962026 TI - The epileptic and anticonvulsant properties of opioid peptides. PMID- 6962028 TI - Neural pathways of somatosensory evoked potentials: clinical implications. PMID- 6962029 TI - Origins of the scalp-recorded somatosensory far field potentials in man and cat. AB - Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials preceding the primary cortical potential were recorded from the scalp in man and cats. Four positive potentials (P1, P2, P3 and P4 in man, and CI, CII, CIII and CIV in cats) were observed with non-cephalic reference recording and 3 or 2 positive components (P1a, P2a and P3a in man, and CIa and CIIa in cats) were recorded with earlobe reference. (1) The latencies of these potentials and the effects of lesions on them in man and (2) the effects of (i) supracollicular and medullo-cervical transections and (ii) intrathecal anaesthesia of the cervical cord on these components in cats suggest that: (1) P1 and CI originate in the brachial plexus beneath the clavicle; (2) P2, P3 and CII, CIII are generated in the cervical cord; (3) P4 and CIV reflect activity mainly in the brain stem or the cerebellum or both; (4) P1a and CIa arise in the cervical cord; (5) P3a and CIIa reflect activity mainly in the brain stem or the cerebellum or both. As the impulse initiated in the median nerve travels through various regions where the resistance might change suddenly, these far field potentials might be recorded as if generated at fixed sites such as just beneath the clavicle and foramen magnum. PMID- 6962030 TI - Electrodiagnostic evaluation of radiculopathies and plexopathies using somatosensory evoked potentials. AB - Segmental sensory stimulation representing cervical and lumbar dermatomes was used to elicit SEPs in 27 patients with radicular symptoms and/or signs and 12 patients with plexopathies. The test was confirmatory and aided in the anatomical localization in 19 (70%) and 9 (75%) of the respective patient groups. It is concluded that this electrophysiological test usefully complements other electrodiagnostic means of evaluating radiculopathies and plexopathies. PMID- 6962031 TI - Spinal evoked potentials. PMID- 6962032 TI - Recent studies in the supplementary motor area with a technique of single unit recording from behaving primates. PMID- 6962034 TI - Role of the motor cortex in the initiation of voluntary motor responses in the cat. PMID- 6962033 TI - Control of voluntary movement by the brain: contrasting roles of sensorimotor cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum. PMID- 6962037 TI - Studies on the normal and disordered human motor cortex. PMID- 6962036 TI - Interaction between sensory input and motor output during rapid learned movements in man. PMID- 6962035 TI - Motor deficit following interruption of sensory inputs to the motor cortex of the monkey. AB - The possible functional role of sensory inputs in voluntary movements was examined by severing the sensory input pathways to the motor cortex. The somatic sensory cortex and the dorsal column, which are known to be the two major sources of the peripheral inputs to the motor cortex, were ablated or sectioned. The deficit produced by sensory cortex ablation or dorsal column section was not prominent and the function recovered within a week or two as long as the other input was intact, but elimination of both inputs produced severe impairment in movements such as loss of orientation in space and of manipulation of individual fingers. The possible role of the afferent input is discussed and it is proposed that it participates in the smooth pursuit of movement by continuously changing the excitability of cortical efferent zones. PMID- 6962038 TI - Assessment of antiepileptic drug toxicity by eye movements. PMID- 6962039 TI - Computerized EEG in schizophrenia and pharmacopsychiatry. PMID- 6962040 TI - Computerized EEG study on drug-induced extrapyramidalism in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6962041 TI - Abnormal EEG activities induced by psychotropic drugs. AB - In a retrospective study involving 680 EEG investigations in 593 patients the effects of various psychopharmaceutical agents were examined by visual interpretation of the EEG. The drugs were given singly in the majority of cases and were combined in others, and special attention was paid to the occurrence of paroxysmal EEG activity. The proportions of abnormal EEGs in the various groups were (in descending order): clozapine 59%, lithium salts 50%, butyrophenone 44%, maprotiline 37%, dibenzepine 32%, laevomepromazine and amitriptyline 31%, imipramine 9% and diazepam 4%. The proportions of paroxysmal discharges (13%) and generalized transient disturbances with groups of slow waves (16%) were also greatest in the clozapine group. During 3.5 years (1973-1974, May 1979-November 1980) we observed drug-induced generalized seizures in 16 inpatients = 0.28% of all inpatients (N = 5785) in that time. The psychotropic drugs given to these patients were either laevomepromazine (Neurocil 4x), perazine (Taxilan 3x), maprotiline (Ludiomil 3x), clozapine (Leponex 2x), lithium carbonate (Quilonum retard 2x) and amitriptyline (Saroten 2x) alone or partly in combination with butyrophenone (3x), fluphenazine (2x) and biperiden (3x). The appearance of paroxysmal EEG activity seems dose dependent and occurs more often during treatment with a combination of psychoactive compounds, than in patients receiving a single drug. PMID- 6962042 TI - Immune-mediated demyelination--immunopathological basis for electrophysiological changes. AB - A focal immune-mediated demyelinating lesion of peripheral nerve was produced by intraneural injection of antiserum to galactocerebroside, a major glycosphingolipid hapten common in CNS and PNS myelin. This model provides an excellent system for correlative studies of physiological and pathological alterations in the processes of demyelination, because the time course of such changes is predictable from animal to animal. Twenty minutes after antiserum injection, Schwann cells showed focal cytoplasmic outpouching and their external mesaxons opened. Between 1 and 8 h after injection "melting," splitting, vesiculation and vacuolation of myelin became increasingly prominent at paranodal regions and Schmidt-Lantermann clefts, with concomitant degenerative changes in Schwann cell cytoplasm. Disruption of myelin in the paranodal region with detachment of the outermost paranodal myelin loops from paranodal axon resulted in an increase in nodal surface area. This seems to be the most critical anatomical alteration responsible for the early changes in propagation of nerve impulses in this antibody-mediated demyelinating lesion. Between 8 h and 3 days axons became demyelinated progressively over several internodes by macrophage phagocytosis. The onset of clinical and saltatory conduction recovery from the lesion corresponded to the appearance of 2-8 myelin lamellae around each remyelinating axon. PMID- 6962044 TI - Long term monitoring of the EEG: the challenge of the future. PMID- 6962043 TI - The influence of psychotropic drugs on the animal EEG: electrophysiological analysis of the effects of psychotropic drugs. PMID- 6962045 TI - Technical aspects of long-term monitoring. PMID- 6962046 TI - Automatic recognition of abnormal EEG activity during open heart and carotid surgery. PMID- 6962047 TI - Long-term monitoring during sleep--a high-speed automatic processing system for human all-night sleep scoring and statistical data analysis. PMID- 6962048 TI - Long-term monitoring in epileptic patients. PMID- 6962049 TI - Mechanisms of respiratory control during sleep and wakefulness: implications in newborn sleep apnoea. PMID- 6962051 TI - Near miss sudden infant death infants: a summary of findings (1972-1981). PMID- 6962050 TI - Respiratory pauses in normal infants and in siblings of victims of the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Sleep polygraphic recording was carried out on 57 normal infants and on 100 SIDS siblings during morning naps between birth and the 4th month of life. Total sleep time and duration of sleep stages were determined. Central apnoeas of 2 sec and longer duration were analysed in AS, QS and IS. Apnoea index and number of apnoeas per 100 min of sleep stage were determined. Obstructive and mixed apnoeas were tabulated separately. Percentage of periodic breathing was also determined. Control babies and SIDS siblings were compared on these parameters, using the Mann-Whitney test. Between the 6th and 13th weeks of life respiratory pauses were significantly more frequent in SIDS siblings than in control subjects. The difference disappeared after the 13th week. The roles that peripheral afferents and the circadian organization of respiratory pauses play in determining the results are discussed. This technique does not appear to permit estimation of the risk of subsequent apnoeic episodes. PMID- 6962052 TI - Some aspects of EEG polygraphy in newborns at risk from neurological disorders. PMID- 6962053 TI - Introduction: the need for neurophysiological methods in studies of human factors and hazards in industrial work. PMID- 6962054 TI - Neurophysiological effects of methyl mercury on the nervous system. AB - There was electrophysiological and histological evidence of axonal degeneration in sural nerves of rats with methyl mercury intoxication. In monkeys, there was no sensory nerve involvement, whereas somatosensory and visual evoked potentials showed progressive slowing of their major peaks in the course of the intoxication. Pathological changes were confined to the calcarine cortex. The possibility of sensory nerve involvement in patients with organic mercury poisoning was discussed. PMID- 6962055 TI - Quantified electromyography as a clinical parameter of a multifactorial study of workers exposed to different toxic agents. PMID- 6962056 TI - The use of clinical neurophysiological methods in studies of workers exposed to solvents. PMID- 6962059 TI - Effects of solid vibrations on balance and spinal reflexes in man. PMID- 6962058 TI - Neurophysiological effects of electromagnetic fields. A critical review. PMID- 6962057 TI - Circadian rhythm disturbances and sleep disorders in shift workers. AB - Employment which requires frequent shift rotation may lead to the development of specific sleep disorders. Delayed sleep phase (DSP) insomnia, a syndrome identified recently, can greatly impair an individual's circadian rhythm dependent functions; it can occur when shift work disrupts normal sleep-waking schedules. Disorders of excessive daytime sleepiness, such as narcolepsy, occur in some subjects after they have been subjected to frequently rotating shifts. Understanding the problems associated with circadian rhythm disturbances and their interaction with sleep disorders is particularly important in industrial medicine; any clinician whose patients are subjected to frequent shift rotations should consider the effects of disrupted sleep-waking schedules. PMID- 6962060 TI - EMG analysis of muscle function in repetitive tasks in laboratories and in industry. PMID- 6962061 TI - Finding appropriate work-rest rhythm for occupational strain on the basis of electromyographic and behavioural changes. PMID- 6962062 TI - Electromyographic studies of muscle strain in industrial work. PMID- 6962063 TI - Altered nerve conduction studied by reflex methods. PMID- 6962064 TI - Physiological properties of dystrophic mouse spinal root axons. AB - In the spinal root axons of dystrophic mice conduction of nerve impulses is slow and either saltatory or continuous, presumably corresponding to areas of myelination and amyelination respectively. These abnormally myelinated axons contain foci of hyperexcitability manifested by spontaneous ectopic excitation, ephaptic excitation and autoexcitation. Similar phenomena in demyelinated central and peripheral nerve fibres may underly positive neurological symptomatology in human peripheral and central demyelinating diseases (Rasminsky 1981, 1982). PMID- 6962066 TI - Phosphorylase kinase deficiency: severe glycogen storage disease with evidence of autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. PMID- 6962065 TI - Uptake of 67Ga in the heart of rats treated with isoproterenol. AB - Gallium-67 citrate (67Ga) accumulation and various enzyme activities during the repair of rat heart with infarct-like lesions induced by isoproterenol (ISP) treatment were measured for 10 days after treatment. Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activities were increased immediately after ISP treatment, reaching maximum levels of activity of 545 +/- 64 U/ml and 542 +/- 94 KU/ml, respectively, within 12 h. Uptake of 67Ga in the rat heart was elevated 12 h after ISP treatment, reaching a maximum on day 1 (0.473 +/- 0.015% dose/g heart). This pattern was essentially similar to the pattern of uronic acid content in the 1.2 M NaCl fraction, which contained mainly heparan sulfate (HS). The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6 PDH), a marker enzyme for fibrogenesis of damaged tissues, was also elevated 12 h after the ISP treatment, reaching a maximum of approximately 2.47 times that of the control heart on day 1. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in the 67Ga uptake and uronic acid content in any of the fractions of the liver and kidneys. These findings suggested that HS might be an acceptor for 67Ga accumulation during the repair of rat heart with infarct-like lesions, in accord with our previous results on CCl4-damaged rat liver. PMID- 6962067 TI - Phase II trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid in metastatic breast cancer. AB - Studies have suggested that both natural and synthetic retinoids have extensive chemopreventive activity against a variety of carcinogens in vivo and in vitro. We have previously shown that growth of human breast cancer cells can be inhibited by retinoids, and retinoic acid-binding proteins have been demonstrated in these cell lines and tumor biopsies. We studied the activity of 13-cis retinoic acid in the treatment of 18 patients with advanced breast cancer refractory to standard cytotoxic and/or endocrine therapy. Patients began on 0.5 mg/kg and escalated to 8 mg/kg over a one-month period unless toxicity (dry skin, dry mucosa, cheilitis, conjunctivitis) forced dose reduction. All these toxicities responded promptly to dose reduction. Four patients exhibited drug related hypercalcemia, 2 complained of severe earache and several had nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramping. There were no objective responses as defined by standard criteria. One patient with thrombocytopenia secondary to documented marrow involvement demonstrated a recovery of platelet count from 9000 to 110,000. 13-cis-Retinoic acid is not of apparent value in women with heavily pretreated breast cancer. PMID- 6962068 TI - Full-lung tomograms and bone scanning in the initial work-up of patients with osteogenic sarcoma. A review of 126 cases. AB - The value of full-lung tomograms and of bone scanning in the initial work-up of patients with osteogenic sarcoma is evaluated in 126 consecutive cases observed at the Bone Tumor Center of the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli from July 1976 to December 1980. Full-lung tomograms and bone scanning showed unsuspected metastases in 3 patients and 2 patients respectively. False abnormal results were observed in 4 cases by tomography and in 3 cases by bone scan. The authors conclude that in osteosarcoma, the yields of full-lung tomography and of bone scanning are small in detecting unsuspected lung and bone metastases at the time of presentation. It therefore appears improbable that the improvements recently observed in this tumor with adjuvant chemotherapy are the result of unintentional case selection bias due to these examinations not having been performed in the historical group. PMID- 6962070 TI - Abnormal erythropoiesis in the myeloproliferative disorders: an analysis of underlying cellular and humoral mechanisms. AB - Peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens from patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were assayed for erythroid and granulopoietic progenitor cells. All compartments were increased in CML patients in relapse although the ratio of BFU-E to CFU-C numbers remained constant in all CML patients where values ranged over several orders of magnitude. By comparison with normal ratios there was only a slight shift towards increased CFU-C numbers. No quantitative changes in any progenitor compartment was found in PV except for a marginal increase in marrow CFU-E. Erythropoietin (epo)-independent colony formation has been documented in all 61 cases of PV studied to date, and the proportion of progenitors classified as abnormal on this basis increases on average 3- to 5-fold as they differentiate in vivo from primitive BFU-E to CFU-E. Preliminary replating studies suggest that when this occurs in vitro individual BFU-E produce both normal and abnormal phenotypes. Epo-independent erythropoiesis has also been commonly observed in assays of CML cells, although its expression is more variable and in the absence of epo progenitors in CML usually make fewer erythroblasts containing even less hemoglobin than do their counterparts in PV. Expression of a common regulatory defect in erythroid cells in PV and CML suggests a possible relationship to the initial transformation event(s). PMID- 6962069 TI - Erythroid precursor cells in primary acquired and secondary sideroblastic anemia. AB - In order to study the changes in erythroid precursor cells in primary acquired and secondary sideroblastic anemia, bone marrow cells from 4 patients with primary acquired sideroblastic anemia (PASA) and 3 patients with refractory anemia with excess of myeloblasts (RAEM) or erythroleukemia associated with an excess of ringed sideroblasts were cultured for erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E). The number of CFU-E was markedly decreased in all 7 cases, and erythroid colonies formed consisted exclusively of normal-appearing erythroblasts, while ringed sideroblasts were observed in scattered single erythroblasts or in small aggregates of erythroblasts in primary as well as in secondary sideroblastic anemia. These findings may indicate the presence of 2 populations of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow of patients with primary acquired and secondary sideroblastic anemia. A slight to moderate decrease in granulocyte macrophage colony-forming units (GM-CFU) was observed in 3 cases of PASA. The decrease in GM-CFU, however, was marked in sideroblastic anemia associated with RAEM or erythroleukemia. PMID- 6962071 TI - The biochemistry of erythropoietin: an approach to its mode of action. AB - The elucidation of the mechanism of action of erythropoietin depends upon a detailed assessment of its effects at the molecular level. We have now begun to examine the effects of human erythropoietin and other inducers on clonal lines of Rauscher murine erythroleukemia cells. Over 100 clonal lines have been examined by assessing the hemglobinization of colonies grown in plasma clot culture in response to erythropoietin and dimethylsulfoxide. Many of the clones respond to both inducers. However, some clones respond only to erythropoietin. The cells also differentiate in suspension culture, exhibiting striking morphological changes characteristic of erythroid development. This system should serve as an excellent model for the study of control mechanisms in erythropoiesis. PMID- 6962072 TI - International course on occupational respiratory diseases. Hanasaari Cultural Centre, Espoo, 22-26 September 1980. PMID- 6962073 TI - Extrinsic allergic alveolitis--management of established cases. PMID- 6962074 TI - Humidifier fever. PMID- 6962075 TI - An epidemic of bath water fever--endotoxin alveolitis? AB - In August, 1978, in Linnavuori industrial community an epidemic broke reaching nearly one half of the population. The acute disease was manifested by severe respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, and dyspnea. The symptoms were connected with the use of hot water. The symptoms of the disease resembled those of allergic alveolitis or humidifier fever. The tap water of the region was found to be heavily polluted. Besides an ample microbial growth a high endotoxin concentration was found. Specific antibodies to the microbes or radiographic lung changes referring to allergic alveolitis were not found. Leukocytosis and reduced diffusion capacities indicating an inflammatory reaction at the alveolar level were in the acute phase. It may be a toxic lung inflammation caused by endotoxins, at least partly at the bronchiolar-to-alveolar level. According to the follow-up, to date the disease has not caused lung damages. PMID- 6962076 TI - Occupational bronchitis. PMID- 6962077 TI - Occupational exposures and lung cancer--epidemiological approaches. PMID- 6962079 TI - Early diagnosis of occupational lung cancer. PMID- 6962078 TI - Pulmonary reactions to inhaled low molecular weight chemicals. PMID- 6962080 TI - Asbestos and cancer. PMID- 6962081 TI - Immunological methods in the identification of occupational asthma. PMID- 6962082 TI - Single and serial measurements of lung function in the diagnosis of occupational asthma. PMID- 6962083 TI - Laboratory animal allergy. PMID- 6962084 TI - Occupational asthma due to soft soldering fluxes containing colophony (rosin, pine resin). PMID- 6962085 TI - The effects of particles, vapours, fumes and gases. PMID- 6962086 TI - The permeability of large arteries to labeled protein. AB - Using labeled albumin, the permeability index was determined for the aorta and other arteries of the rabbit after different circulation times. The results were reproducible. Different indices of permeability were obtained for different arteries. When the circulation time of the tracer was extended, the increase in the permeability index was greater for the coronary and femoral arteries than for the aorta. 5-hydroxytryptamine, bradykinin and prostaglandin E2 tended to increase the permeability index. There was no relation to the level of blood pressure. The different indices of permeability obtained for the different arteries were not leveled by the mediators. The permeability index is seen to become greater postmortally. PMID- 6962087 TI - Detection of glycogen in a glycogen storage disease by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The livers of gsd/gsd rats homozygous for the glycogen storage disease phosphorylase b kinase deficiency were observed by 13C NMR using a surface coil. Clear signals were detected from glycogen. The concentration of glycogen as determined by NMR was approximately 3-times that found in normal strains agreeing well with chemical determinations. Starvation did not significantly reduce the glycogen content of the livers with glycogen storage disease whereas it reduced the signal below detectability in normal rats. Difference spectra of starved normal rats from fed gsd/gsd rats gave spectra similar in appearance to that of purified glycogen. Glycogen both in vivo and in vitro is fully visible using 13C NMR. PMID- 6962088 TI - Sulphoconjugation of steroids in porcine liver. Partial purification of the cytosolic sulphotransferases for pregnenolone and 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 beta ol. AB - Steroid sulphotransferase activities for 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 beta-ol and pregnenolone in porcine liver cytosol have been assayed using 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phospho[35S]sulphate as sulphate donor. 5 alpha-Androst-16-en-3 beta-ol sulphotransferase activity was obtained from porcine liver cytosol by gel filtration chromatography; activity was linear with time up to about 5 min., the optimum pH was near 8.0 and optimum temperature 37 degrees C. Pregnenolone sulphotransferase activity was partially purified from porcine liver cytosol using DEAE-cellulose chromatography with an ionic gradient of KC1. This enzyme activity was linear with time up to 10 min and had optimum pH and temperature of 8.0 and 37 degrees C, respectively. PMID- 6962089 TI - [Endocrinology and molecular biology (with special reference to genetic engineering)]. PMID- 6962090 TI - Intraligamentary anaesthesia. PMID- 6962092 TI - Eye complications following Gow-Gates block technique. PMID- 6962093 TI - Coping processes in the practice of dentistry. PMID- 6962091 TI - Methohexitone in dentistry. Scientific results of 4,379 administrations. 5: Complications. PMID- 6962095 TI - Malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 6962094 TI - Complications of intravenous diazepam--urinary retention. Case report. PMID- 6962096 TI - Dantrolene sodium. PMID- 6962097 TI - An unusual incident during the treatment of a 4-year-old boy. PMID- 6962098 TI - Forensic dentistry: from denture identification to murder investigations. PMID- 6962100 TI - Efficient systems for handling dental insurance. PMID- 6962099 TI - Ionizing radiation: concepts for the dental assistant--part III. PMID- 6962101 TI - How to bring about radiography credentialing on the state level (part I). PMID- 6962103 TI - [An educator-reviewer pleads for a dual system]. PMID- 6962102 TI - [Training of the dental technician. 2: Drawing and modelling the teeth]. PMID- 6962104 TI - [Experiences with additional qualification tests by the Wurttemberg Guild]. PMID- 6962105 TI - [The Gerber condylator]. PMID- 6962106 TI - [Polished ceramic materials by finishing with rotating tools]. PMID- 6962107 TI - [Hazards in the manufacture of nickel-chromium-cobalt alloys]. PMID- 6962108 TI - [Education of dental technician. I. Human teeth]. PMID- 6962109 TI - Common sense dentistry for our senior citizens. PMID- 6962110 TI - Dentistry for the aged: myths and facts. PMID- 6962111 TI - Seven steps to better doctor-patient communication. PMID- 6962112 TI - Problems associated with local anesthesia. PMID- 6962114 TI - Giving your patients the care that counts. PMID- 6962113 TI - Dentistry in a changing world. PMID- 6962115 TI - Weighing pros and cons: picking the practice option that suits you. PMID- 6962116 TI - GPR's: picking up where dental school leaves off. PMID- 6962117 TI - How to find the right professional mate. PMID- 6962118 TI - How to get the most from your accountant. PMID- 6962119 TI - A realistic guide to achieving ambitious goals. PMID- 6962120 TI - Abutted inlays: a workable technique for select cases. PMID- 6962121 TI - Building good patient rapport. PMID- 6962122 TI - What you should know about dental prepayment plans. PMID- 6962123 TI - Beating the dollar defeatist syndrome. PMID- 6962124 TI - Hints to help you pass your licensure exams. PMID- 6962125 TI - Dr. Markle's team speaks with one voice. PMID- 6962127 TI - Does dental school promote professionalism? PMID- 6962126 TI - Light cured composites: understanding the options. PMID- 6962128 TI - Opportunities abound in the National Guard. PMID- 6962129 TI - Dr. Ortego practices bilingual dentistry. PMID- 6962130 TI - I failed the State Board exam. PMID- 6962131 TI - Financing dental school: what the Reagan budget means to you. PMID- 6962132 TI - Financial planning for your first practice. PMID- 6962133 TI - Planning and competing: how to survive in real world dentistry. PMID- 6962134 TI - Purchasing a practice: facts to guide your buying decision. PMID- 6962136 TI - General practice residencies offer real rewards. PMID- 6962135 TI - Are you ready to be a good boss? PMID- 6962137 TI - How to put prevention in your practice. PMID- 6962138 TI - The real facts behind dental franchises. PMID- 6962139 TI - Will prevention endanger dentistry? PMID- 6962140 TI - Facts you should know about hepatitis B. PMID- 6962142 TI - Malpractice in the dental school clinic: a new development. PMID- 6962141 TI - Dental school stress: how to adjust to your new way of life. PMID- 6962143 TI - Modern marketing for traditional dentistry. PMID- 6962144 TI - Regulating dental radiology: whose responsibility? PMID- 6962145 TI - You're number four. PMID- 6962146 TI - Reaganomics is dimming the American dream. PMID- 6962147 TI - A guide to making your first practice decisions. PMID- 6962148 TI - Questions a hiring dentist can't ask. PMID- 6962149 TI - Tag it! inventory control made easy. PMID- 6962150 TI - Understanding adhesive restorative materials. PMID- 6962151 TI - Comparison between panoramic radiographic techniques. Part III: Radiation absorbed doses with Status-X, Orthopantomograph Model OP5, and Panelete. PMID- 6962152 TI - The cephalographic projection. Part I: General considerations. PMID- 6962153 TI - A radiographic quality control system for the dental office. PMID- 6962154 TI - Simultaneous registration of mandibular movements and sound in patients with temporomandibular joint clicking. PMID- 6962155 TI - Errors in parallax assessment using panoramic radiographs. PMID- 6962156 TI - Application of computed tomography and scintigraphy in the diagnosis of lesions of the maxillofacial region. PMID- 6962157 TI - Radiological interpretation of the periapical cysts and granulomas. PMID- 6962158 TI - Congenital defect of the coronoid process. Report of a case. PMID- 6962159 TI - The dental office manual: the rules of the game. PMID- 6962160 TI - Ulcers on the palate. PMID- 6962161 TI - Cystic lesion of the mandible. PMID- 6962162 TI - Microfilled composite resins. PMID- 6962163 TI - Desensitization of dentin by iontophoresis: a review. PMID- 6962164 TI - Intrinsic staining and hypoplastic enamel: etiology and treatment alternatives. PMID- 6962165 TI - Diagnosed past and present systemic disease in dental patients. PMID- 6962166 TI - Potential hazards of copper band utilization: two case reports. PMID- 6962167 TI - Sharp hand instruments: a prerequisite to conservative cavity preparation. PMID- 6962168 TI - The mental foramen injection. PMID- 6962169 TI - Sterilization and disinfection of dental burs. PMID- 6962170 TI - Effects of isoproterenol on hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of preputial gland of male rats. AB - Histochemical observations were made on the activities of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH), 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSDH) and 3 oC hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 oC-HSDH) in the preputial glands of normal and isoproterenol treated animals. Observed decrease in the activities of all the three HSDH's are correlated with the possibility of decreased biological effectiveness of circulating steroids after isoproterenol treatment. PMID- 6962171 TI - [Effect of tiemonium iodide on colonic motility in dogs]. AB - Effects of tiemonium iodide (tiemonium, 20 micrograms/kg), mepenzolate bromide (mepenzolate, 20 micrograms/kg), butylscopolamine bromide (butylscopolamine, 50 micrograms/kg) and atropine sulfate (atropine, 10 micrograms/kg) on the colonic motility in dogs were evaluated using a balloon method. The frequency of the wave motion was analyzed by fast Fourier transform, and the power spectra were obtained. The value of the first term of the power spectrum is regarded as an indication of the colonic tonus. Inhibitory effects of tiemonium on both the normal proximal colonic motility and the accelerating motility induced by neostigmine metylsulfate (neostigmine, 50 micrograms/kg) were equal to those of butylscopolamine. In the case of distal colonic motility, tiemonium showed potent mepenzolate-like inhibition. When the drugs were injected into the veins after administration of PGF2 alpha (10 micrograms/kg), all of the drugs depressed the colonic constriction induced by PGF2 alpha. The colonic motility was not restored by the administration of tiemonium or mepenzolate before the injection of PGF2 alpha, but such an effect was not observed in the case of butylscopolamine and atropine. It is suggested that tiemonium shows an extensive inhibition on the colonic motility in the mode of mepenzolate-like action and by some additional mechanism. PMID- 6962173 TI - Di Guglielmo's syndrome. PMID- 6962174 TI - Acute tumor lysis syndrome in chronic myeloid leukemia. PMID- 6962172 TI - Ossifying fibroma, osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma involving maxillary sinus--a report of 4 cases. PMID- 6962175 TI - Sociomedical and behavioural aspects of dental care for the elderly: statement of the problem. AB - In providing dental care for the elderly, dynamic changes in disease states and population groups must be recognized. These are creating a need for the dental profession to address itself to the increasing complexity of dental treatment required for ageing populations. The existence of different populations of elderly has implications for geriatric dentistry. There are similarities between the problems in countries with ageing populations, isolated from society, and the problems in countries without such populations, but with the problem of accessing other isolated populations. PMID- 6962176 TI - Demographic, social and cultural factors influencing the elderly to seek dental treatment. PMID- 6962177 TI - Dental student attitudes towards the elderly and training in geriatric dentistry. AB - From analysis of the relationships between geriatrics, gerontology, dental education and dental practice three major questions arise about barriers to the creation of a strong subdiscipline of geriatric dentistry (1) Why is the dental care utilization of the elderly comparatively low despite their high objective needs for dental care? (2) Why has the dental profession failed to move into the potential market created by the elderly thereby leaving geriatric dentistry comparatively underdeveloped? (3) Why do training programmes in geriatric dentistry fail to change significantly the attitudes of dental students towards the elderly? Answers to these questions indicate the need for specific structural and attitudinal changes if the barriers are to be eliminated. PMID- 6962178 TI - Community dentistry--the Swedish experience. PMID- 6962179 TI - Morphological changes, cell aggregation and cell membrane alterations caused by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate in human blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6962180 TI - Effect of topical treatments with acidulated phosphate fluoride and stannous fluoride on the microhardness of enamel. PMID- 6962181 TI - Phosphorylase-b-kinase: glycogen storage disease (type 9b)--a family study. PMID- 6962182 TI - [Odontognathic orthopedics in adults: a case of prognathism of the lower jaw, with reduction of the vertical dimension of the face]. PMID- 6962183 TI - [The contribution of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of oral cancer and precancerous lesions]. PMID- 6962184 TI - [Dental bacterial plaque]. PMID- 6962185 TI - [Views on the temporomandibular joint syndrome]. PMID- 6962186 TI - [Carcinoma of the lip. Sarcoidosis of the cervical lymph nodes. Case report]. PMID- 6962187 TI - [Etiology and impact of delayed exfoliation of primary teeth]. PMID- 6962188 TI - [Epidemiological study of the path of eruption of permanent teeth and the frequency and types of malocclusion in the child population of Greece in 4 Larissa districts]. PMID- 6962189 TI - [Glass-ionomer cements]. PMID- 6962190 TI - [Carcinoma of the floor of the mouth. Concepts on the surgical treatment]. PMID- 6962191 TI - [Epidemiological study findings on the incidence of Angle Class III malocclusion in the child population of Greece in 5 Pieria districts]. PMID- 6962192 TI - [Basic concepts in antimicrobial therapy and therapeutics in dentistry]. PMID- 6962193 TI - [Root caries as peridontal problem]. PMID- 6962194 TI - [The inability to open the mouth]. PMID- 6962195 TI - [Factors influencing children's behavior in the dental office]. PMID- 6962197 TI - [Problems in the therapy of large cysts of the jaw]. PMID- 6962196 TI - [Epidemiological study of the frequency and types of malocclusion in the child population of the Chania district]. PMID- 6962198 TI - [Current biological aspects of the cleaning and protection of prepared teeth]. PMID- 6962199 TI - [Presurgical definition and estimation of the probable difficulties in the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars]. PMID- 6962200 TI - [Current silver alloys in amalgam fillings]. PMID- 6962202 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against human granulocytes and myeloid differentiation antigens. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) were obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice with 99% pure granulocytes from normal donors or with a whole leukocyte suspension obtained from a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patient, and then fusing the mouse spleen cells with a 315-43 myeloma cell clone. Four MCA were selected and studied using ELISA, immunofluorescence, cytotoxicity assays, and FACS analysis. Antibodies 80H.1, 80H.3, and 80H.5 (from normals) and 81H.1 (from CML) detected antigens expressed on neutrophils. Antibodies 80H.1 and 80H.3 (IgG) also reacted with monocytes but not with other blood cell subsets. Antibodies 80H.5 and 81H.1 (IgM) were cytotoxic and reacted strongly with most of the cells of the neutrophil maturation sequence, i.e., myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, and mature granulocytes. Antibodies 80H.5 and 81H.1 also inhibited CFU-GM growth stimulated by leukocyte feeder layers or placental conditioned media, but did not inhibit BFU-E and CFU-E. Antigens recognized by 80H.3, 80H.5, and 81H.1 were expressed both on a proportion of cells from HL.60, KG.1, ML.1, and K562 myeloid cell lines, and on a proportion of blast cells isolated from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. They were not found on lymphoid cell lines or lymphoid leukemia cells. These MCA recognize either late differentiation antigens expressed on mature neutrophils and monocytes (80H.1 and 80H.3) or early differentiation antigens (80H.5 and 81H.1) specific to the granulocytic lineage. They may be useful for a better definition of those antigens specific to hematopoietic stem cells and their relationship with normal or neoplastic hematopoiesis. PMID- 6962201 TI - Acute myelogenous leukemia in a child with primary involvement of chromosomes 11 and X. PMID- 6962204 TI - Archwire flexibility and deformation. PMID- 6962203 TI - Extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma. Report of a case. PMID- 6962205 TI - Planning and designing the orthodontic office. PMID- 6962206 TI - The Rochette retainer. PMID- 6962207 TI - Correction of upper second molar plunger cusp. PMID- 6962208 TI - Some mechanical properties including the repair strength of two self-curing acrylic resins. PMID- 6962209 TI - An endodontic teaching material simulating cancellous bone. PMID- 6962210 TI - The design and construction of dental elevators. PMID- 6962211 TI - Why should students bother to read? PMID- 6962212 TI - Factors relating to the rate of fluoride-ion release from glass-ionomer cement. PMID- 6962214 TI - Is breast feeding a possible cause of dental caries? PMID- 6962213 TI - The effects of adrenaline on lignocaine anaesthesia of the isolated nerve. PMID- 6962215 TI - Dentoalveolar abscess and spread of oral infection to face and neck (Report of 3 cases). PMID- 6962216 TI - [Optimal needle penetration in inferior alveolar nerve block]. PMID- 6962217 TI - [Mercury levels in the urine of dental assistants]. PMID- 6962218 TI - Views on dentistry. Address of the President-Elect Odin M. Langsjoen American College of Dentists, Las Vegas, Nevada. PMID- 6962219 TI - Dental ethics--fact or fancy. PMID- 6962220 TI - Scholarship among U.S. and Canadian dental faculty. PMID- 6962221 TI - Dentists' management style, career satisfaction, and practice characteristics. PMID- 6962222 TI - A time to care for dentistry. PMID- 6962223 TI - The career satisfaction of dentists. In relation to their age and income. PMID- 6962224 TI - Assessment of dental practice. PMID- 6962225 TI - [Elective induction of labor using oral PGE2]. AB - 100 inductions of labour were attempted in 98 patients by administration of tablets of Prostaglandin E2. 12 inductions were dropped from the study to achieve an homogeneous population of 88 patients filling the criteria of elective induction of labour at term. All these inductions were attempted under electronic monitoring and according to a fixed dosage schedule. Low amniotomy was performed only in presence of advancing labour. Oral prostaglandin E2 successfully induced labour in 92%. The digestive side-effects were the most frequently encountered (34%). 5 cases of uterine hyperstimulation were recorded without fetal repercussion at birth. The procedure was considered safe for the fetus and the newborn as demonstrated by monitoring and clinical evaluation (Apgar score). PMID- 6962226 TI - Young adult class II: a case report. PMID- 6962227 TI - Class II division 1 malocclusion: a case report. PMID- 6962228 TI - The systems of directional force. PMID- 6962229 TI - Treatment variations of IMPA in relation to extraction areas, and the class of malocclusion. PMID- 6962230 TI - Variations of treatment of class II, division 2 cases involving extractions. PMID- 6962231 TI - Fundamental performance standards required of the contemporary orthodontist. PMID- 6962234 TI - Severe class II, division II malocclusion. A case report. PMID- 6962233 TI - Angle's class II, division I with bimaxillary protrusion: a case report. PMID- 6962232 TI - Class II division I. A case report. PMID- 6962235 TI - Case of the month. Mucocele. PMID- 6962236 TI - Establishment of community dental health units in developing countries. PMID- 6962238 TI - Prevalence of caries among school-going tribal children in Ganjam district, Orissa. PMID- 6962237 TI - The dental health of school children in Betul district Madhya Pradesh. PMID- 6962240 TI - Case of the month. Peripheral giant cell granuloma. PMID- 6962239 TI - Comparative effectiveness of sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride gels in reducing the solubility of dental tissues. PMID- 6962241 TI - Attrition pattern in first permanent molar - a marker in diabetes mellitus? PMID- 6962242 TI - Evaluation of various complex-breaking substances including chelators as potential anti-plaque agents. PMID- 6962243 TI - Leukemia and the dental surgeon (a case report). PMID- 6962244 TI - Prevalence of leukoplakia in relation to tobacco habits in southern Orissa. PMID- 6962245 TI - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia (a case report). PMID- 6962246 TI - Cephalometric study of the craniofacial pattern in the progeny. PMID- 6962247 TI - Midline cleft of the mandible, lower lip and ankyloglossia. (A case report). PMID- 6962248 TI - Adenoameloblastoma. PMID- 6962250 TI - A few observations on the features of temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 6962251 TI - Asymmetrical bite opening in first stage of Begg technique. PMID- 6962249 TI - Pentazocine in oral surgery. PMID- 6962252 TI - A clinical evaluation of a high-copper alloy containing palladium. PMID- 6962253 TI - A six-month clinical evaluation of polishing techniques on the marginal integrity of a high-copper alloy. PMID- 6962254 TI - Effective listening: an important tool for dentist. PMID- 6962255 TI - The removable appliance system. PMID- 6962257 TI - Behavioral research in dentistry - a review. PMID- 6962256 TI - The use of out-patient general anaesthesia for dental extractions. PMID- 6962258 TI - [Experimental study on the relationship between bacterial plaque and marginal periodontitis in golden hamsters]. PMID- 6962259 TI - [Histopathological study on diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia in rats, especially the role of gingival inflammation in diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia]. PMID- 6962260 TI - [Collagen phagocytosis and degradation by human gingival fibroblasts in vitro]. PMID- 6962261 TI - [Periodontal disease and resistance factor. III. Localization of secretory IgA and serum IgA in the inflamed human gingiva]. PMID- 6962262 TI - [The immune response of peripheral blood lymphocytes during experimental gingivitis in man]. PMID- 6962263 TI - [Chemotactic activity in gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontal disease]. PMID- 6962264 TI - [Epidemiological survey of periodontal disease (report 1)]. PMID- 6962265 TI - [Treatment effect of coronal reshaping by recording the sounds of tooth impact]. PMID- 6962266 TI - [Mutual relationships among anatomical characteristics of mandibular first molars. Periodontal point of view]. PMID- 6962267 TI - [Prevalence of periodontal disease in 15-year-old schoolchildren in Japan. Part II: Regarding alveolar bone resorption]. PMID- 6962268 TI - [The resorption and regeneration of alveolar bone of a epileptic patient. Report of a case]. PMID- 6962269 TI - [Stimulatory effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on tumor bearers with suppressed immune status and its therapeutic effect]. PMID- 6962271 TI - Maxillary sinusitis. PMID- 6962272 TI - Methotrexate-induced severe pneumonitis. PMID- 6962270 TI - Bioluminescence measurement of primary bile acids using immobilized 7 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: application to serum bile acids. AB - A simple, rapid, and sensitive bioluminescence method for measuring primary bile acids has been developed and validated. The method is based on enzymatic dehydrogenation of bile acids using a bacterial 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that is co-immobilized on Sepharose 4B beads with NADH:FMN oxidoreductase and a bacterial luciferase. The assay is specific for 7 alpha hydroxy bile acids and has a detection limit of 0.5 pmol/tube, with a linear range of 0.5-50 pmol/tube. The assay shows good precision (6-8% intra-assay; 8 10% inter-assay). The values obtained with the bioluminescence assay showed good agreement with those obtained by gas-liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay, or endpoint enzymatic assays. When applied to the measurement of serum bile acids, there was no interference from serum albumin, and the effect of other dehydrogenase activity in serum could be eliminated by heating the sample prior to assay. Since the method is rapid (1 minute), extremely sensitive (requires only 10 microliters of serum), and specific, it appears to be the best method currently available for the measurement of serum primary bile acids. PMID- 6962273 TI - External bleaching of tetracycline stained teeth in dogs. PMID- 6962275 TI - Clinical investigation of in vivo endodontically treated mandibular and maxillary molars. PMID- 6962276 TI - Vertical root fracture. PMID- 6962274 TI - Instrumentation of root canals in molar using the step-down technique. PMID- 6962277 TI - Foam cell transformation in periapical lesions of endodontic origin. PMID- 6962278 TI - Effects of stimulating the surface of the three principal cerebellar sagittal zones on the stretch reflex in the cat. PMID- 6962279 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity among normal adults in Taiwan]. PMID- 6962281 TI - Thyroid function in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 6962282 TI - [Hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy]. PMID- 6962280 TI - [Outbreak of Dengue fever in 1981 in Liouchyou Shiang, Pingtung County]. PMID- 6962283 TI - The forearm ischaemic work test--hazardous to McArdle patients? AB - A 57-year-old patient suffering from late-onset McArdle's disease developed myoglobinaemia, massive myoglobinuria and marked serum creatine kinase elevation subsequent to a routinely performed forearm ischaemic work test. Twenty hours after the test, enhancement of 99mTc methylene-diphosphonate activity was demonstrated exclusively in the tested forearm. It is concluded that the forearm ischaemic work test is potentially hazardous to McArdle patients, as it might induce myoglobinuria sufficient to result in acute myoglobinuric renal failure. PMID- 6962284 TI - Calcifying odontogenic cyst. Case reports, variations, and tumorous potential. PMID- 6962285 TI - Statistical observations of removable partial dental prostheses. PMID- 6962286 TI - Whither the impaired dentist? PMID- 6962288 TI - Office manual construction made simple. PMID- 6962289 TI - Suggestions for the employment of dental hygienists. PMID- 6962287 TI - Mastique veneers: a cosmetic and financial alternative in post-periodontal care. PMID- 6962290 TI - The application of the Moss theory of the functional matrix to the use of the functional appliance. PMID- 6962291 TI - [On the latest composite materials]. PMID- 6962292 TI - [Use of composite resin restorations]. PMID- 6962293 TI - [Cytochemical studies of cholinesterases in the rat submandibular gland - ultrastructural localization of enzyme activity and their properties]. PMID- 6962294 TI - [The effect of bacterial aggregating factor isolated from human whole saliva on adherence of oral Streptococci to hydroxyapatite]. PMID- 6962295 TI - [Changes in various biological properties of Streptococcus salivarius isolates from infected rats]. PMID- 6962296 TI - [The localization of rat deltoid motor neurons using the horseradish peroxidase method]. PMID- 6962297 TI - [Statistical analysis of the outpatients first seen at the First Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Dental School. A 1 year report from April, 1981 to March, 1982]. PMID- 6962298 TI - [Surgical orthodontics. The present situation of our team approach; and two treated cases of mandibular prognathism]. PMID- 6962299 TI - [A case of asymmetrical prognathism treated with surgical orthodontic procedures]. PMID- 6962300 TI - The relationship and effect of positive thinking in the self-image of children. PMID- 6962301 TI - Multiple taurodontism associated with osteoporosis. PMID- 6962302 TI - Oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia. PMID- 6962303 TI - Interactions between fresh human blood monocytes and tumor targets at the single cell level: binding and morphological characteristics. AB - Highly purified (97-99%), human peripheral blood monocytes, isolated by an EDTA reversible adherence procedure, exhibit spontaneous killing in a rapid, 51Cr release assay. Using the single cell conjugate/dextran assay, we have quantitatively determined select requirements for the adhesion of monocytes to neoplastic target cells. Monocytes expressed a broad binding capacity to a wide spectrum of nonadherent tumor cell lines, while binding at minimal levels to nontumor target cells. Binding of monocytes to K562 tumor cells is an extremely rapid event, reaching saturation levels within 5 min after cosedimentation. The binding of monocytes to K562 targets was reduced by low temperatures and pretreatment with metabolic inhibitors. Pretreatment of monocytes with cytoskeletal-disruptive drugs significantly reduced binding. Monocytes were shown to exhibit a specific, Mg2+-dependent, Ca2+-independent mechanism in their binding to K562 cells. Subsequent to binding, Ca2+ was required for monocyte mediated target cell lysis to proceed. The binding of tumor cells by monocytes was studied morphologically using transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. It was observed that binding was achieved initially through complex, surface membrane interdigitations from apposing effector--target cells and progressed to stable conjugates, which were characterized by contact regions consisting of large expanses of closely apposed surface membranes. The application of the single cell conjugate/dextran assay to assess monocyte-binding requirements and the morphological characterization of the monocyte--target cell conjugation process may help in clarifying the mechanisms of monocyte-mediated tumor cell lysis. PMID- 6962305 TI - Michigan Dental Association peer review manual. PMID- 6962304 TI - Antibiotic sensitivity; the necessity for diagnosis. PMID- 6962306 TI - Case history on anodontia. PMID- 6962307 TI - [Computed tomography and pathohistologic study of intracranial leukemic masses]. PMID- 6962308 TI - Chromosome banding studies in 106 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 6962309 TI - [Gene mapping]. PMID- 6962310 TI - Peritonsillar abscess: tonsil antibiotic levels in patients treated by acute abscess surgery. PMID- 6962311 TI - Somatic damage to the X chromosome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans induced by gamma radiation. AB - Wild-type male embryos and young larvae of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were more sensitive than wild-type hermaphrodites to inactivation by gamma rays; wild-type males have one X chromosome per cell (XO), whereas wild-type hermaphrodites have two (XX). Furthermore, after transformation into fertile hermaphrodites by a her-1 mutation, XO animals were more radiosensitive than XX her-1 animals; and XX animals transformed into fertile males by a tra-1 mutation did not show increased radiosensitivity. It is concluded that wild-type males are more radiosensitive than wild-type hermaphrodites because they have one X chromosome rather than two, and the predominant mode of inactivation of XO animals involves damage to the single X chromosome. No sex-specific differences in survival were observed after UV irradiation. PMID- 6962312 TI - Genetic characterization of twelve P2-186 hybrid bacteriophages. PMID- 6962313 TI - Genetic map of coliphage 186 from a novel use of marker rescue frequencies. AB - A genetic map of phage 186 has been constructed, using the frequency of marker rescue from 186 mutant prophages for genes to the left of att, and int promoted recombination for genes to its right. At the left end of the genome lie 7 genes involved in the formation of the phage head, followed to the right by the lysis gene P, a gene (O) of unknown function, and a group of 11 genes involved in the formation of the phage tail. Gene B, the late control gene, lies to the right of this group but to the left of the phage attachment site. To the right of the att site lie the non-essential genes (cI and cII) involved in lysogen formation and the gene (A) required for 186 DNA synthesis. PMID- 6962314 TI - Extrachromosomal inheritance of nalidixic acid resistance in the petite negative yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - Spontaneous mutants resistant to nalidixic acid (NAL) were isolated from the petite negative yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe). One of these mutants, resistant to 200 micrograms/ml NAL, nalr-Y13, was characterized both genetically and biochemically. The extrachromosomal inheritance of this mutation was demonstrated both by mitotic segregation and by mitotic haploidization analysis. In the wild-type, NAL at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml almost completely inhibits incorporation of [14C]adenine in total DNA as well as in mitochondrial DNA. In the NAL-resistant mutant both total DNA synthesis and mitochondrial DNA synthesis were resistant to the drug. These results are discussed in view of previously published findings on the close interaction between the two DNA synthesizing systems in S. pombe. PMID- 6962316 TI - Introduction to the symposium on high-dose cytosine arabinoside. AB - Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) was first introduced into clinical trial in 1963. Twenty years later the optimum dosage and schedule are still being sought. High dose regimens promise to improve upon the already impressive effectiveness of this antimetabolite against acute leukemia, and to increase its range of indications to include lymphomas and certain carcinomas. Pharmacological monitoring will play a key role in future clinical evaluations of high dose Ara C. PMID- 6962315 TI - Indoleacetic acid complementation and its relation to host range specifying genes on the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. AB - Host range variations were noted when 23 wild-type strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were tested on 27 different plant species. Because we have shown previously that host range specificity is conferred by the pTi plasmid, these variations in host specificity implicated genetic differences among pTi plasmids within the A. tumefaciens population that was tested. Host specificity was independent of the type of opine utilized and biotype of the strain used. These data suggested that separate genetic determinants operate for host specificity. This hypothesis was confirmed by Tn5 mutagenesis of the pTi plasmid, which generated mutants affected in host specificity. The regions of host specifying genes were located by displacement analysis of mutant pTi-plasmid-DNA restriction fragments. There are at least two sites on the pTiC58 plasmid: one within the T region and the other about 75-77 kb to the right of this region. Mutations within the T-region were chemically complemented by indoleacetic acid, which restored the host range of the mutants. Such complementations were not observed with mutants outside the T-region. PMID- 6962317 TI - The pharmacokinetics of cytosine arabinoside in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid during conventional and high-dose therapy. PMID- 6962318 TI - A comparison of two schedules of cytosine arabinoside used in combination with adriamycin and 6-thioguanine in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - The most effective schedule of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) administration remains controversial and is further confused by the use of combination chemotherapy. Two remission induction regimens comprising adriamycin, Ara-C, and 6-thioguanine have been compared in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Administration of Ara-C by continuous intravenous infusion resulted in faster clearing of leukemic blasts from the peripheral blood and bone marrow than after administration of the same dose by twice daily intravenous injection. Myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity were, however, more pronounced when Ara-C was given by infusion. The complete remission rate was higher in the patients treated with intravenous infusions. It is too early to assess the duration of remission in the infusion study; however, despite the relatively low remission rate, 80% of patients under the age of 60 in the intravenous bolus study remain in remission with a minimum follow-up of two years. PMID- 6962319 TI - Use of cytosar in pediatric acute myelocytic leukemia and leukemic meningitis. AB - For children with acute myelocytic leukemia, 5-day courses of Cytosar in combination with cyclophosphamide (with or without vincristine sulfate and prednisone) has shown excellent, age related results in relapse patients. The regimen known as Mini-COAP has been incorporated into front-line studies. Cytosar given intrathecally in combination with methotrexate has produced superior results in treating meningeal disease in the African presentation of Burkitt disease. This "synchronizing" technique has been incorporated into a high Cytoxan high methotrexate regimen with coordinated intrathecal therapy with good results. Triple (Cytosar, methotrexate, and hydrocortisone) intrathecal prophylaxis is now demonstrated to have equivalent effectiveness to conventional CNS prophylaxis employing radiotherapy 2400 R and 5 doses of intrathecal methotrexate. PMID- 6962321 TI - Use of cytosar in pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PMID- 6962320 TI - Sequential high-dose cytosine arabinoside and asparaginase in refractory acute leukemia. AB - The development of resistance to Ara-C by leukemia cells may be a multifactorial process. These include diminished rates of anabolism or increased rate of catabolism to Ara-C, competition for incorporation into DNA by higher pool size of the competing normal metabolite, dCTP and perhaps other mechanisms. Laboratory investigations have shown that cellular resistance to lower doses of Ara-C (LoDAC) may be overcome by a substantial increase in the extracellular concentration (dose-effect). Clinical extrapolation of these observations have shown that high dose Ara-C (HiDAC) is effective in re-inducing remission in patients with acute leukemia who have either failed to enter remission or who relapsed while being treated with LoDAC. Other laboratory investigations indicate significant schedule-dependent synergy between sequential HiDAC and asparaginase. Application of these observations to clinical trial has resulted in a 64% complete remission rate in patients with non-lymphocytic leukemia, including those who were previously treated with LoDAC or who had had an antecedent hematologic disorder. Toxicity from this regimen was not significantly different from those employing LoDAC. These preliminary data in patients with high risk disease would suggest that HiDAC/asparaginase might have significant utility in patients with previously untreated acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6962322 TI - High doses of cytosine arabinoside (HD-Ara-C) as reinforcement during remission of acute myeloid leukemia. AB - High doses of Cytosine-arabinoside (Ara-C) (1 to 3gm/m2 every 12 hours during 48 hours) were administered monthly to 5 acute myeloid leukemia patients during complete remissions subsequent to relapses and reinduction treatment. Plasma Ara C was measured using a radioimmunoassay and exhibited kinetics compatible with a bi- or tri- compartimental model. Tolerance was good, with mainly gastrointestinal toxicity and somnolence. The duration of remissions was relatively long, taking into account that these were second or third remissions. PMID- 6962323 TI - In vitro sensitivity of CFU-L to cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). AB - The in vitro sensitivity of leukemic colony-forming cells to Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) was assessed in acute myeloid leukemia, by means of a clonogenic assay using methyl-cellulose with phyto-hemagglutinin (PHA)-leukocyte conditioned medium. Bone marrow clonogenic cells were more sensitive to Ara-C than blood clonogenic cells. Also a continuous exposure to Ara-C induced a higher reduction of the leukemic colonies than one hour exposure. Patients were, according to the in vitro results, divided into 3 groups: eight patients had a dose-responsive curve for all the tested drug concentrations and were characterized by a marked sensitivity to the induction treatment combining Ara-C and Adriamycin. Three patients had a = 50% reduction of colonies with the 3 concentrations; two achieved complete remissions. Seven patients were in vitro insensitive to the drug; four of them had a relative or absolute resistance to the induction treatment. PMID- 6962324 TI - Ara-C scheduling: theoretical and experimental considerations. AB - In this paper, we discuss the cytokinetic basis for optimization of cancer therapy in humans. Specifically, we define a quantitative procedure for determination of the therapeutic acceptability of therapy schedule, discuss studies of the therapeutic gain that might result from treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), and indicate the kinds of cytokinetic information necessary for therapy scheduling. These studies suggest 1) that substantial therapeutic improvements may result from optimal therapy scheduling, 2) that therapy schedules selected at random are not likely to be beneficial, and 3) that consideration of the cytokinetic properties of the dose limiting normal tissues is critical during therapy design. We also discuss experimental studies of the response to Ara-C of the murine KHT sarcoma. These studies illustrate the substantial cytokinetic changes occur during therapy (e.g., a substantial increase in cell cycle traverse rate and almost complete recruitment) and show the importance of obtaining mid-treatment cytokinetic information about normal and malignant tissues. PMID- 6962325 TI - [Case of a compound odontoma: surgical therapy and long-term follow-up]. PMID- 6962326 TI - [Conservative surgery of ameloblastomas]. PMID- 6962327 TI - [Mobilizing apparatus in constrictions of the jaws]. PMID- 6962328 TI - [Apicoectomy of the lateroposterior teeth]. PMID- 6962329 TI - [Odontogenic neoplasms of endosinus origin. Illustration of 3 cases]. PMID- 6962330 TI - [Endosinusal osteomas containing follicular cysts]. PMID- 6962331 TI - [Case of cavernous hemangioma of the parotid]. PMID- 6962333 TI - [2 cases of extracranial neurogenic tumors (schwannomas) of the head in a rare location]. PMID- 6962332 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of a case of sarcomatous evolution of an ameloblastic fibroma]. PMID- 6962334 TI - [Unusual case of an acanthomatous adamantinoma of the maxilla. Clinical and ultrastructure study]. PMID- 6962335 TI - [Dental enamel surface in bony inclusion seen under the scanning electron microscope]. PMID- 6962336 TI - [Ultramicroscopic features of fibroblasts of the human dental pulp in pillar elements]. PMID- 6962337 TI - [Giant follicular cysts. Surgical technics and presentation of cases]. PMID- 6962339 TI - [Periodontal cysts. A clinical case]. PMID- 6962338 TI - [Role of saprophytic, opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria in oral infections of dental origin]. PMID- 6962340 TI - [Evaluation of the effects of a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination in direct pulp capping]. PMID- 6962343 TI - [Clinical value of a new x-ray film for ambulatory dental practice]. PMID- 6962344 TI - [Evaluation of the interproximal x-ray exam by bite-wing radiographs as a diagnostic aid in the screening of early periodontal lesions]. PMID- 6962342 TI - [Anesthesiological technics in rhinoseptoplasty]. PMID- 6962341 TI - [Recovery of teeth with root fractures. Therapeutic proposals]. PMID- 6962345 TI - [Radiotransparent lesions of the jaw]. PMID- 6962346 TI - [Classification of prefabricated attachments for partial removable dentures]. PMID- 6962347 TI - [Use of preventive dental terminology in a program of health education]. PMID- 6962348 TI - [Morphology of the bristle ends of tooth brushes considered as the "rounded ends" type]. PMID- 6962349 TI - [Morphologic modifications of the bristle ends after use of the toothbrush]. PMID- 6962350 TI - [Immunological aspects of prevention in dentistry]. PMID- 6962351 TI - [Surgical-orthodontic problems of impacted teeth]. PMID- 6962352 TI - [Interception of malocclusion of the lower third molar and germectomy]. PMID- 6962353 TI - [Treatment plan for malformations of the maxillofacial skeleton]. PMID- 6962354 TI - [Surgical-orthodontic treatment of impacted permanent upper canines]. PMID- 6962355 TI - [Relation between mandibular dysfunction and the neuromuscular system]. PMID- 6962357 TI - [Approach to the classification of diseases of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6962356 TI - [Control of disorders of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6962358 TI - [The concept of physiologic position of mandibular condyle]. PMID- 6962359 TI - [Surgical visual treatment objective: cephalometric planning in the treatment of dysgnathia of facial complex]. PMID- 6962360 TI - [Surgical-orthodontic therapy of impacted teeth in adult patients]. PMID- 6962361 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic problems in prognathism]. PMID- 6962362 TI - [Interocclusal relation between lingual cuspids of the upper premolars and the antagonistic occlusal surfaces]. PMID- 6962363 TI - [Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and the treatment of choice]. PMID- 6962364 TI - [Germectomy of third molars]. PMID- 6962365 TI - [Individualization and evaluation of tooth agenesis in relation to orthodontic problems]. PMID- 6962366 TI - [An esthetic immediate retainer as post-orthodontic retention in a case of unilateral agenesis of the anterior teeth]. PMID- 6962367 TI - [Adult orthodontics: considerations of a clinical case]. PMID- 6962369 TI - [Mesiodens and surgical-orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 6962368 TI - [Practical notes in orthodontics: the typodont]. PMID- 6962370 TI - Intensified proliferative activity of the CFU-S in vertebral bone marrow of 239Pu treated mice as one of the factors involved in the induction of granulocytic leukemia. AB - Using the exocolonizing test, 59Fe-utilization technique and classical cytology, the authors observed 210 days after i.v. injection of 166.7 kBq of 239Pu/kg in about 30% of contaminated mice a proliferative activity in vertebral bone marrow, characterized with high relative numbers of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells, significantly higher than in the seriously damaged vertebral bone marrow of the other 239Pu-treated mice and even higher than in the untreated corresponding controls. Simultaneously, the amount of cells in the granulocytic series was increased. After the transplantation to the heavily irradiated syngeneic hosts the stem cells differentiated into splenic colonies with higher iron utilization than in corresponding controls. Higher numbers of mature granulocytes were also found in the peripheral blood and spleen. The authors assume that this activity was an inadequate reparative response of the hemopoietic stem cell compartment to the damaging effect and they consider it to be the critical phase which not only preceded the induction of granulocytic leukemia but also afforded conditions favorable for leukemic transformation of the hemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 6962371 TI - A pilot study to test the feasibility of salt restriction in a community. AB - Index subjects were selected from the population of Milton studied in the May 1981 survey. Index subjects aged 64 or less with a systolic blood pressure 138 179 mmHg (18.35/23.8 kPa), including those on antihypertensive treatment, were invited to participate with their families. Index subjects were divided into two matched groups. One group was randomly assigned to be the control group and the other to be the salt-restriction group. Age, weight, height and 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and creatinine at the start of the study in August 1981 were similar for the control and salt-restriction groups. When tested in November 1981, the salt-restriction group had achieved a reduction in 24-hour sodium excretion to a mean of 84 mmol for men and 70 mmol for women; corresponding values for the control groups were 150 and 120 mmol. A further test in March 1982 showed little further change. Potassium output changed very little. Attitudes to the low-salt diet varied, but 87 percent found it tolerable or actually preferable. There is no doubt that major reductions in sodium intake are feasible. However, if these are to be achieved on a large scale, food, manufacturers will need to offer a variety of low-sodium foods. PMID- 6962372 TI - The borderland of anorexia nervosa: relationship of weight loss and amenorrhoea to body image measures. AB - The attitudes to body image of a group of nursing students were measured by a form of the repertory grid. These responses are compared with responses of low weight and refed anorexia nervosa subjects. A high incidence (20 percent) of self reported amenorrhoea associated with dieting and weight loss was present in the nursing student group. Those subjects reporting such an experience were demonstrably different from both the remainder of the nursing student group and the anorectics. Major findings were the personal perception of themselves as more feeling and sexual despite a continuance of an apparent desire for a belly thinner than that actually perceived. These distinctions may reflect important psychological conflicts operative in development or continuance of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6962374 TI - An overview of health. PMID- 6962373 TI - Kawasaki disease. PMID- 6962376 TI - The development of a psychosocial approach to artificial insemination of donor sperm. PMID- 6962375 TI - Infective endocarditis: prudent treatment for a lethal disease. PMID- 6962377 TI - Alcohol use by Auckland high school students. AB - A survey of Auckland high school students asked questions about the use of alcohol and associated problems. Students classified as problem drinkers were more likely to have received their first drink from an older boy or girl, do more of their drinking in a car, hold attitudes more accepting of drunkenness and perceive their parents as either positive or very negative towards children's alcohol use. Among students who report their parents to have given specific guidelines for the use of alcohol a slightly smaller proportion were classified as problem drinkers. PMID- 6962378 TI - How children travel in cars in New Zealand. PMID- 6962379 TI - Nifedipine for rapid control of severe hypertension. PMID- 6962380 TI - Mini-Wright Peak Flow Meter. PMID- 6962381 TI - Accidental salt poisoning. PMID- 6962383 TI - The effect of basic training on aerobic capacity and body fat in New Zealand army recruits. AB - Physical fitness levels were assessed in 50 males recruits at the beginning, the middle and the end of ten weeks basic army training. Aerobic capacity was predicted indirectly from a timed 2.4 km run. Body fat levels were estimated from three skinfold measurements. Estimated VO2 max increased from 48.7 ml.kg-1 min-1 to 56.6 ml.kg-1 min-1, ie, 16.2 percent rise. Accompanying this increase was a decline in percent body fat from 12.4 percent to 10.2 percent, with no change in total body weight. It was concluded that the level of training intensity at 58 ml.kg-1 min-1, was effective in reducing body fat and increasing aerobic capacity. PMID- 6962382 TI - Further surveys in Milton, 1978 and 1981: blood pressure, height, weight and 24 hour excretion of sodium and potassium. PMID- 6962384 TI - Solvent abuse. PMID- 6962385 TI - The Tongan family: relevance to health. PMID- 6962386 TI - The multi-disciplinary team: a different approach to patient management. PMID- 6962388 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy of the biliary tract. PMID- 6962387 TI - The contraceptive practice of one thousand abortion patients. AB - This is a report on the contraceptive practice of 1000 cases who attended the Parkview clinic for termination of pregnancy. Fifty percent were not using any method of contraception at the time of conception. The principal reasons for non use were dissatisfaction with previous methods and risk taking behaviour. Fifty percent became pregnant while using contraception, and in 20 percent methods which are generally regarded as reliable had been used. Fourteen percent were using the pill at the time of failure and this group is studied in greater detail. Improvements in contraceptive practice are suggested. PMID- 6962389 TI - Child health, the way ahead. PMID- 6962390 TI - Long-term use of labetalol. PMID- 6962392 TI - Mexiletine overdose. PMID- 6962391 TI - Gold lung. PMID- 6962393 TI - A survey of the incidence of hypertension, diabetes and glaucoma in a general practitioner's surgery. PMID- 6962394 TI - Emotional support for the mastectomy patient. PMID- 6962395 TI - Guidelines for the parenteral administration of cytotoxic agents. PMID- 6962396 TI - Primary health care facilities in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, 1981. PMID- 6962397 TI - Is inservice education really necessary? PMID- 6962400 TI - Primary nursing: the nurse's contribution to the humanisation of health services in the presence of increasing technology. PMID- 6962399 TI - Primary nursing: one grand step forward - and maybe one, sometimes two, backwards. PMID- 6962398 TI - Immunization. PMID- 6962401 TI - Staffing hospitals without students: the establishment of a new hospital. PMID- 6962402 TI - Staffing hospitals without students: developing standards. PMID- 6962403 TI - Staffing hospitals without students: an identity develops. PMID- 6962404 TI - Submission of the New Zealand Nurses' Association (Inc.) to the Health Manpower Workshop Planning Committee. PMID- 6962405 TI - Primary nursing: autonomy, authority and accountability. PMID- 6962406 TI - Primary nursing - a practical possibility. PMID- 6962407 TI - Caring for the aged. PMID- 6962408 TI - Interdisciplinary management in cases of child abuse and neglect. PMID- 6962409 TI - Bachelor of nursing degree for registered nurses at Victoria University--a non event for 1983. PMID- 6962410 TI - Nursing Education Review and Advisory Committee: report. PMID- 6962411 TI - Proposal for a New Zealand Council of Trade Unions. PMID- 6962412 TI - Health manpower planning: an overview. PMID- 6962413 TI - Nursing manpower planning. PMID- 6962414 TI - Heart disease and its prevention. PMID- 6962415 TI - [Modeling, finishing and polishing of amalgams]. PMID- 6962416 TI - [Current status of the ionomer cements]. PMID- 6962417 TI - [Toward the control of viral hepatitis type B: development, efficacy and diffusion of a new anti-hepatitis vaccine]. PMID- 6962418 TI - [The use of electrical knife in dentistry]. PMID- 6962419 TI - [New development in the bite registration technic]. PMID- 6962420 TI - Subarachnoidal administration of the 5-HT uptake inhibitor citalopram points to the spinal role of 5-HT in morphine antinociception. PMID- 6962421 TI - [Prolonged survival in adults with acute myeloid leukemia treated with BCG immunotherapy]. AB - Between november, 1974 and june, 1977, 64 adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in remission were divided at random into two treatment groups: chemotherapy alone (n = 32) or chemotherapy plus B.C.G. (n = 32). Fresh B.C.G. from the Pasteur Institute, Paris, was administered once a week, two or three times per month, in the intervals between chemotherapy cycles, using the Heaf-gun method. The duration of the first remission was significantly increased in the group receiving B.C.G. (median duration 685 days versus 390 days: p = 0.03 on log rank test) as was the overall survival (median duration of survival 1.471 days versus 554 days: p = 0.01). Second remissions were more frequent in the B.C.G. group (79% versus 42%; p = 0.014). In addition, prolonged survival was more frequent in the B.C.G. group, where 12/32 patients remained in first remission between 3 and 6 years, as against 5/32 in the chemotherapy group. PMID- 6962422 TI - [Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with hyperleukocytosis. Symptomatic treatment with cytapheresis and plasma exchange]. PMID- 6962423 TI - [Hematological syndromes preceding the development of acute leukemia]. PMID- 6962424 TI - The therapeutic potential of plants used in dental folk medicine. PMID- 6962425 TI - [Survey of traditional medicine in Somalia and its application in dentistry]. PMID- 6962427 TI - [Dental anomaly and French Polynesia. A story...to follow]. PMID- 6962426 TI - [Status of teaching dentistry in Somalia. The project of creating a dental school at the Faculty of Medicine]. PMID- 6962428 TI - Evaluating the effectiveness of the dental service. PMID- 6962429 TI - Towards a less painful venipuncture. PMID- 6962430 TI - [Recurrent bilateral pneumothorax treated by pleural talc infiltration in 2 patients with pulmonary metastases of osteogenic sarcoma]. PMID- 6962431 TI - Human gene-specific and chromosome-specific probes. PMID- 6962433 TI - Monozygotic twins discordant for an undiagnosed skeletal dysplasia. PMID- 6962432 TI - Consistent translocations in human leukemia. PMID- 6962435 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of 1 and 2 mg dexamethasone suppression tests. AB - Sensitivity and specificity rates for 1 and 2 mg dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) are compared in 119 psychiatric inpatients diagnosed by DSM-III criteria. No differences are apparent between 1 and 2 mg groups. Moreover, combining a variety of affective disorders does not change the rates from those obtained using major depression alone. These data do not support a previous study which suggested that, compared to a 2 mg DST, a 1 mg test increases sensitivity without diminishing specificity. Nonsuppression appears to identify a subgroup of patients that cuts across several DSM-III categories. PMID- 6962434 TI - Pituitary-adrenal regulation over multiple depressive episodes. AB - Pituitary-adrenal activity was evaluated with the dexamethasone suppression test in 11 patients over their multiple hospitalizations for major depression. All six patients who were suppressors during their index admission had one subsequent admission over the period of study during which they were again suppressors. Of five patients who were nonsuppressors during their index admission, three had one subsequent admission and two had three subsequent admissions. Four of these patients were again nonsuppressors during a subsequent admission. For patients who were nonsuppressors during some but not all admissions for depression, pituitary-adrenal activity appeared related to the persistence of the depressive episodes. PMID- 6962436 TI - The effect of dosage on the dexamethasone suppression test in normal controls. AB - A sample of 23 drug-free, normal adult subjects, aged 23 to 50 years, received 1 mg dexamethasone p.o. at midnight. Serum cortisols were obtained at 0800h, 1600h, and 2330h pre- and postdexamethasone. Only 1 of these 23 subjects (4.3%) evidenced nonsuppression, as defined by any postdexamethasone serum cortisol value of greater than 4.0 micrograms/dl. A dose of 0.75 mg dexamethasone was administered to 23 drug-free, normal adult subjects, 20 of whom participated in the above 1 mg trial. Six of these 23 (26.1%) showed nonsuppression at a threshold of 4.0 micrograms/dl. Another 11 normal adults who were taking various prescription medications (e.g., sympathomimetics, nasal decongestants, birth control pills, thyroid hormones) or who were suffering from untreated upper respiratory infections, venereal infections, or allergies were tested with 1 mg of dexamethasone. In this sample, 7 of 13 (53.8%) showed nonsuppression. These findings suggest that: (1) 1 mg of dexamethasone is the lowest effective dose that can be used in diagnostic testing for melancholic depression; (2) a false positive response to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) may occur with infections, allergies, or possibly with certain prescription medications. Further studies of the effects of illness and/or medications on DST responses are needed. PMID- 6962437 TI - Daytime sleep patterns of primary depressives: a morning nap study. AB - The electroencephalographic sleep patterns of 10 primary depressives were recorded during baseline nights and two morning nap sessions using a fixed time schedule. Averaged sleep measures for baseline nights replicated previous findings of altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep patterns and sleep continuity. REM sleep during morning naps occurred only in patients with elevated REM indexes on baseline and prenap nights; it failed to appear in morning sleep of patients who exhibited contrasting REM characteristics. An analysis of hourly REM sleep distribution and averaged deviations from group means revealed significant differences between the two groups which could account for the uneven daytime REM propensity. PMID- 6962438 TI - The effect of attentional effort on visual evoked potential N1 latency. AB - The latency of the visual evoked potential N1 component evoked by nontarget stimuli increases with an increased attention to nontarget stimuli. The latency increase seems related to a general effort at processing, rather than any early filtering. This phenomenon is illustrated in one study of hyperactive children and another of normal young adults. The literature of this phenomenon is reviewed, and various explanations are considered. It does not appear to be a result of a slow negative wave, but rather a genuine effect of one aspect of attention on N1. PMID- 6962439 TI - Attention/information processing, neuropsychological functioning, and thought disorder during the acute and partial recovery phases of schizophrenia: a longitudinal study. AB - Schizophrenic subjects were administered the span of apprehension task, which is a measure of visual information processing; two neuropsychological tests; and measures of specific aspects of thought disorder and general clinical state. The measures were administered both when patients were acutely disturbed and when they were partially recovered. Normal control subjects were tested over a comparable 12-week interval. Improvements in both overall clinical condition and specific aspects of thought disorder occurred in the schizophrenic patients during this time. The patients, however, continued to show impaired information processing, indicating that the span of apprehension task is sensitive to schizophrenic dysfunction across wide variations in clinical state and, therefore, may be a marker of vulnerability to schizophrenia. The span of apprehension task was found to be significantly correlated with a measure of thought disorder that assesses resistance to associative distractors and two neuropsychological tests--the Trail-Making Test from the Halstead-Reitan battery and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test--during the testing session conducted while the subjects were partially recovered. PMID- 6962440 TI - A commingling analysis of platelet monoamine oxidase activity. AB - The distribution of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity is examined in a large cohort of 18-year-olds from a college setting. A mixture of three distributions is needed to describe the data, even when a power transformation is used to remove skewness in the distribution. This is compatible with MAO activity being controlled by a single major locus with a gene frequency of 0.02 for high MAO activity. Accordingly, it is unlikely that such a locus could serve as a genetic marker for a disorder which is associated with low activity. However, this finding does not rule out the possibility that MAO activity is an associated risk factor in disease. PMID- 6962441 TI - Pretreatment consumption as a predictor of posttreatment consumption in male alcoholics. AB - Pretreatment levels of alcohol consumption for 72 male alcoholics were found to be related statistically to posttreatment levels of consumption determined approximately 8 months after completion of an inpatient alcoholism treatment program. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used successfully to determine the risk of relapse. Increased risk was associated with excessive drinkers who were relatively early in their alcoholic careers as assessed by years of abusive drinking and lifetime gallons consumed. Logistic regression appears to be a clinically useful procedure that would allow individual treatment programs to set their own criteria of success and increase their treatment effectiveness. PMID- 6962443 TI - Circadian variation of serum TSH in unipolar and bipolar depression. PMID- 6962442 TI - Amphetamine-induced hypolocomotion in mice with more brain D2 dopamine receptors. AB - The relationship between brain D2 dopamine receptors and locomotor response to amphetamine was investigated in eight strains of mice. The D2 receptor is defined as that dopaminergic site with high affinity (nanomolar) for neuroleptics and low affinity (micromolar) for agonists. D2 receptors were measured in the striatum and olfactory tubercle using [3H]spiperone and 10 microM sulpiride to define specific binding. Four inbred strains of mice (CBA/J; C57BL/6J; DBA/2J; SEC/1ReJ) had low receptor densities of about 380 and 160 fmoles/mg protein in the striatum and olfactory tubercle, respectively; all these mice were essentially nonresponsive (i.e., locomotion) to low doses of amphetamine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg i.p.) or showed hyperlocomotion to high doses (5 mg/kg). Three other mouse strains (BALB/cJ; A/J; C3H/HeJ) had higher densities of about 600 and 230 fmoles/mg protein in the striatum and olfactory tubercle, respectively, and these mice all responded with hypolocomotion to the low doses and hyperlocomotion to the high dose of amphetamine. The two genetically different populations, one of which responded to amphetamine with hypolocomotion while the other did not, are analogous to hyperactive children, only 70% of whom respond to amphetamine-like drugs. Thus, the mice with high receptor density may serve as a model for studying the hyperactivity syndrome which may be associated with dopaminergic dysfunction. PMID- 6962444 TI - Early detection of oral cancer: another aspect of preventive dentistry. PMID- 6962445 TI - Congenital facial paralysis associated with palato-pharyngeal insufficiency. PMID- 6962446 TI - Fusion of permanent molars. PMID- 6962447 TI - Enhancing dentist-patient communications. PMID- 6962448 TI - Potassium nitrate gel-sleeve: an effective procedure for dentinal hypersensitivity. PMID- 6962449 TI - TMJ and the test of time. PMID- 6962450 TI - Endosseous ramus frame assembly oral implant healing system (OIHS) Weiss/Linkow: diagnosis - treatment planning - insertion - prosthodontic considerations (I). PMID- 6962452 TI - Restoration of the submerged maxillary canine. PMID- 6962451 TI - Denture esthetics (III). Denture base color. PMID- 6962453 TI - A practical approach to clinical photography (III). PMID- 6962454 TI - A general semantics approach to the practice of dentistry. PMID- 6962456 TI - When - why - how to adjust occlusion. PMID- 6962455 TI - Foreign bodies of dental origin in the alimentary and respiratory tracts. PMID- 6962457 TI - Transfer vise technique. PMID- 6962459 TI - A practical approach to clinical photography (V). PMID- 6962458 TI - Cranial changes observed on serial posterior-anterior head radiographs after treatment with a May splint. I. (II). PMID- 6962460 TI - [An original process for polymerization]. PMID- 6962461 TI - [Errors in dentin protection]. PMID- 6962463 TI - [Illumination of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6962462 TI - [Comparative examination of the abrasion from toothbrushes on composites and amalgams]. PMID- 6962464 TI - [Radiographic variability: compensation of time and tension]. PMID- 6962465 TI - Prostaglandin endoperoxide metabolism by microsomes of whole kidneys from normal, congenital unilateral hydronephrotic and unilateral ureteral obstructed rats. PMID- 6962467 TI - Is higher price an indication of quality? PMID- 6962468 TI - Review of environmental risk assessment studies sponsored by EPA. PMID- 6962466 TI - Modulation by prostaglandins of the renal vascular action of arginine vasopressin. AB - To determine whether the renal vascular effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) is modulated by renal prostaglandins, renal blood flow (RBF) and renal venous plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined during the infusion of AVP in dogs during control conditions and after the administration of the inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin. During control conditions, intrarenal administration for 10 min of a dose of AVP calculated to increase arterial renal plasma AVP concentration by 75 pg/ml produced a slight renal vasodilation (p less than 0.01) and an increase in renal venous plasma concentration of PGE2. Renal venous PGE2 concentration during control and AVP infusion averaged 33 +/- 7(2) and 52 +/- 12 pg/ml (p less than 0.05), respectively. After administration of indomethacin, the same dose of AVP induced renal vasoconstriction (p less than 0.05) and failed to enhance renal venous PGE2 concentration (9 +/- 1 to 8 +/- 1 pg/ml). Intrarenal administration of 20 ng/kg . min of AVP for 10 min induced a marked renal vasoconstriction (p less than 0.01) and increased renal venous plasma PGE2. Renal venous PGE2 during control and AVP infusion averaged 31 +/- 10 and 121 +/- 31 pg/ml (p less than 0.01), respectively. Administration of the same dose of AVP following indomethacin produced a significantly greater and longer lasting renal vasconstriction (p less than 0.01) and failed to increase renal venous plasma PGE2 (10 +/- 1 to 9 +/- 1 pg/ml). These results indicate that a concentration of AVP comparable to that observed in several pathophysiological conditions induces a slight renal vasodilation which is mediated by renal prostaglandins. The results also indicate that higher doses of AVP induce renal vasoconstriction and that prostaglandin synthesis induced by AVP attenuates the renal vasoconstriction produced by this peptide. PMID- 6962469 TI - A footnote to the Cohen-Boyer patent and other musings. PMID- 6962470 TI - RAC discussion on the construction of biological weapons. PMID- 6962472 TI - Uterine secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha in anaesthetized pigs during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. AB - Uterine blood was sampled by venepuncture or an indwelling catheter in a total of 33 cyclic gilts and 26 mated animals subsequently confirmed to contain embryos; jugular blood was obtained simultaneously from catheterised animals. Prostaglandin F2 alpha and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay of the plasma. The concentration of PGF2 alpha in uterine venous blood of cyclic animals remained below 1.0 ng/ml until the corpora lutea were 12 days old. Highest PGF2 alpha values were associated with 15-17 day corpora lutea, with a mean of 5.9 ng/ml for six samples on Day 17. Likewise, the PGF2 alpha concentration in the uterine blood of mated animals did not exceed 1.0 ng/ml until the corpora lutea were older than 12 days, and a mean value of 6.0 ng/ml was found by acute sampling with 15-day corpora lutea. The highest mean concentrations of PGF2 alpha in uterine blood from a series of 14 catheterised pregnant animals were 2.8 and 2.3 ng/ml, respectively, with 15- and 16-day corpora lutea. Values for PGF2 alpha on the 17th, 18th and 19th days of pregnancy showed a downward trend. There was considerable day to day variation in the mean uterine and peripheral concentrations of progesterone in mated animals, but there was no sustained depression in response to elevated PGF2 alpha concentrations. The results suggest that exocrine secretion of PGF2 alpha into the uterine lumen of pigs under the influence of trophoblastic oestrogens does not provide a sufficient explanation for the establishment of the corpora lutea of pregnancy. Further attention should be devoted to the luteotrophic--as distinct from anti luteolytic--role of pig conceptuses at the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy. Circumstantial evidence for luteal sensitivity to chorionic gonadotrophins is included. PMID- 6962471 TI - [Osteosarcoma of the humerus. Interscapulothoracic amputation]. PMID- 6962473 TI - [Leukostatic syndrome and congenital myeloblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6962474 TI - [Glossodynia and depression]. PMID- 6962475 TI - [Several variations of root morphology: therapeutic impact]. PMID- 6962476 TI - [Clinical panorama of cysts, benign tumors of the jaw]. PMID- 6962477 TI - [Treatment of jaw fractures]. PMID- 6962478 TI - [Subacute infectious endocarditis and the teeth]. PMID- 6962479 TI - [Various lesions of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6962480 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy study of the root surface in relation to various chronic apical lesions: comparative morphological aspects]. PMID- 6962481 TI - [The alcoholic, a patient like the others]. PMID- 6962482 TI - [Choice of the sex of children before conception]. PMID- 6962483 TI - [Etiological treatment of anterior vertical excess of the lower portion of the face]. AB - Antero-vertical excess of the lower third of the face is associated with dysfunction of the base of the tongue and widening of the goniac angle. This dysfunction forms part of a complex dynamic clinical picture: antero-vertical excess can complicate: -retrognathism -acceptable bone relations as shown by cephalometric measurements after correction of the goniac angle; -a true mandibular prognathism. Contrary to its reputation, we believe sagittal osteotomy of the rami to be the method of choice, because it permits: 1) correction of the goniac angle, 2) completion by an advancement or by a backing of the dental portion of the mandible. This technique is said to have a high relapse rate, no doubt due to disregard for the indispensable rehabilitation of lingual dynamics in the post-operative phase. With a follow-up of between one year and 6 years, we have seen no cases of relapse by following these rules: 1) Routine tongue modelling starting 6 months before the orthopaedic operation. 2) Kinesiorthophony to raise the usual positions of the base of the tongue. PMID- 6962484 TI - [Cysts of the parotid gland. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - The authors report 4 cases of parotid cyst seen in the department of maxillo facial surgery (Pr Crepy): -one cystic lymphangioma, -one dermoid cyst, -two lympho-epithelial cysts. They stress the hazards of needle puncture and the essential value of exploratory parotidectomy. PMID- 6962485 TI - [Cervical tuberculous adenitis in the adult. Diagnostic, therapeutic considerations apropos of 27 cases]. AB - The authors review 27 cases of cervical tuberculosis in the adult, complete and homogeneous and essentially describe their experience concerning positive diagnostic factors as well as their therapeutic approach. Considering the results obtained, they favour early surgical treatment ranging from simple adenectomy to complete and conservative cellulo-lympho-adenectomy which is the essential treatment of choice in multi-nodal forms. This surgical attitude makes possible to considerably shorten the duration of the local course by eliminating recurrences but on the essential condition that it is accompanied by prolonged medical treatment consisting of a triple association of major anti-tuberculous drugs. PMID- 6962486 TI - [Pseudosarcomatous fusiform cell epithelioma of the oral cavity. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - Pseudo-sarcomatous spindle cell carcinomas are a variety of squamous carcinoma which must be recognized since they may raise the difficult problem of histological identification. They may be confused with a sarcomatous tumour, in particular fibroblastic. Buccal involvement, somewhat rarer than other sites in the upper respiratory and digestive tract, is nevertheless not exceptional. Clinically the lesion may be either a relative superficial polypoid mass, where the prognosis is relatively favourable, or a highly infiltrating lesion, which applied in the five cases reported here and which then has a rapid course and bad prognosis. PMID- 6962487 TI - [Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at a dental site. A case report]. AB - The authors report on a case of non-Hodgkin type malignant lymphoma in which signs of the disease develop initially in the upper maxilla. The authors were able to observe the patient over a period of 3 years. They used this opportunity, as follows: -to grade the tumour according to the different classification schemata proposed for these tumours, -to attempt to assess the changes and progress in drug therapy for these conditions, while at all times keeping an open mind regarding the value of results obtained in this manner. PMID- 6962488 TI - [Mandibular brown tumor, familial facial dysmorphism, mediastinal parathyroid adenoma]. PMID- 6962489 TI - [Mid-facial granuloma of malignant development]. PMID- 6962490 TI - [Inhibition of leukocyte functions in a case of mid-facial granuloma of malignant development]. PMID- 6962491 TI - [Chronic atrophic polychondritis. Clinical aspects. Current ultrastructural and therapeutic achievements]. PMID- 6962492 TI - ["Renal dwarfism". Its impact on dental development and on maxillary growth]. AB - Children with terminal renal failure require iterative dialysis while awaiting kidney graft, and these have to be repeated over a period of years until a suitable graft presenting histocompatibility with the receiver is found. This has a considerable growth retardation effect (-3 to -6 SD, according to the age at onset of terminal failure). Two features appear to be paradoxical in these children. 1) In spite of a high carbohydrate diet and generally poor oral hygiene, they present a low prevalence of caries, probably related to modified salivary components. The only objective finding is an increase in salivary urea levels. 2) In spite of harmonious hypotrophy, no particular encumbrance of the dental arch is observed. Alveolar growth, contemporary with dental eruption, is sufficient to compensate possible hypotrophy of maxillary bone bases. PMID- 6962493 TI - [Multiple dental retention. Apropos of a familial case]. PMID- 6962494 TI - Current trends in periodontal research: application to general practice. PMID- 6962496 TI - Risk-benefit considerations in dental radiology. PMID- 6962495 TI - An anatomic variation in the technique of mandibular block anesthesia. PMID- 6962498 TI - Recent breakthroughs in restorative dentistry. PMID- 6962497 TI - Management of traumatic injuries to the adult dentition. PMID- 6962499 TI - Temporomandibular joint syndrome: examination and diagnosis. PMID- 6962500 TI - Behavioral modification utilizing hypnosis. PMID- 6962501 TI - Everyday problems in dentistry and some tips and suggestions on how to cure them. PMID- 6962502 TI - Periodontal disease in children and young adults: diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. PMID- 6962503 TI - Update of replants in day-to-day dentistry. PMID- 6962504 TI - Hearing & hearing prophylaxis. Proceedings of the Oslo International Symposium on the Effects of Noise on Hearing. May 14, 1982, Oslo, Norway. PMID- 6962505 TI - Rating the hazard from intense sounds: putting theory into practice. AB - Basilar membrane mechanics appear to be largely responsible for noise induced temporary threshold shift (TTS). Upon noise exposure, the single fiber loses sensitivity and sharpness. The amplitude and configuration (sharpness) of the basilar membrane vibration pattern is reduced. The "best frequency" changes about half an octave. The result is threshold shift and reduced frequency discrimination. The maximal TTS is generally seen one octave above the peak frequency of the stimulus. There appears to be a critical intensity level for noise exposure. Below the critical level little or no hearing damage will develop regardless of exposure time. Beyond the critical level, extensive damage will be caused even after short exposure time. The critical level appears to be a rather absolute measure: in animals, the state of the inner hair cells may change from "no loss" to "extensive loss" upon a stimulus increase of only 3dB. Addition of acoustical energy at a frequency different from that of the original stimulus, may reduce the threshold shift induced by the original stimulus alone. Sound in one ear may also influence the susceptibility of the other. Compared with its isoenergetic impulse noise, a continuous noise generally must be given a 3dB increase (its energy must be doubled) if both stimuli shall produce similar threshold shifts. Factors like frequency distribution, level, duration number, repetition rate and time distribution/presentation pattern of exposure apparently have to be considered in future damage risk criteria. Meanwhile isoenergy, or possibly "A-weighted" isoenergy, is our best indicator for noise hazard. PMID- 6962506 TI - The effect of noise-induced hearing loss on the intelligibility of speech in noise. PMID- 6962507 TI - Assessment of personal hearing protection in practice. PMID- 6962509 TI - Effectiveness of ear protection against impulse noise. PMID- 6962508 TI - Cerebral mechanisms of complex sound perception consequences for the functional evaluation of hearing. PMID- 6962512 TI - Hearing protection practice in the Canadian forces. PMID- 6962511 TI - Isoenergy principle and A-weighting in the rating of the hazard of noise exposure in the military environment. PMID- 6962510 TI - Damage risk criteria with and without ear protection for impulse noise with high intensities regarding ear, larynx and lungs. PMID- 6962513 TI - Hearing prophylaxis in the Norwegian Armed Forces. PMID- 6962514 TI - Protecting hearing in a military environment. AB - In the Army, as in civil industry, there are many noise sources where the noise can not be reduced to safe levels except by use of hearing protectors, such as ear plugs, ear muffs or noise-excluding helmets. This paper shows how the effectiveness of hearing protectors can be determined for both continuous and impulse (gunfire) noise. It is shown that the results are in most cases in agreement with results for the real-ear attenuation at threshold method; the reasons for the exceptions are discussed. Hearing protection is often unpopular with users; reasons for this include discomfort, difficulty in speech communication, and incompatibility with other headgear. The degree of protection in practical usage is often much less than that measured in the laboratory. Possible solutions to these problems are described. PMID- 6962515 TI - Is the equal energy rule applicable to impact noise? AB - The equal energy hypothesis (EEH) is a theoretical framework for evaluating the acoustic trauma associated with a wide variety of noise exposures. Most of the data supporting the EEH have been large scale demographic studies. Controlled laboratory studies, especially with impulse noise, have brought into question the generality and validity of the EEH. The present study assessed the hearing loss resulting from four impact noise exposures having equal energy, but different peak levels (107, 113, 119, 125 dB SPL) and repetition rates (4/s, 1/s, 1/4s, 1/16s). Hearing loss was assessed at 0.5, 2, and 8 kHz in four groups of chinchillas using the auditory evoked response. The animals were exposed for five days and developed an asymptotic threshold shift (ATS) during the exposure. The animals, however, did not develop the same amounts of ATS for each exposure as predicted by the EEH; instead the hearing loss increased with peak level. PMID- 6962516 TI - Influence of different presentation patterns of a given noise dose on hearing in guinea-pig. PMID- 6962518 TI - Acoustic overstimulation and cochlear nonlinearities. PMID- 6962517 TI - Basilar membrane motion and hearing loss. PMID- 6962519 TI - Non-ulcer dyspepsia. Proceedings of a symposium, Stockholm. November 6/7, 1981. PMID- 6962520 TI - Treatment of gastritis and duodenitis. PMID- 6962521 TI - Further investigations and treatment of non ulcer dyspepsia. PMID- 6962522 TI - Outcome of non-ulcer disease. PMID- 6962524 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome. Diagnosis. PMID- 6962523 TI - Symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. AB - In a consecutive study of 101 patients with IBS and at least one year of complaints, the presence of somatic and mental symptoms were measured. By definition all patients had abdominal pain and/or disturbed bowel function in the absence of organic disease. The most prominent symptom of indigestion was abdominal distension. Many patients also had complaints of food intolerance and avoided bulk forming agents such as fruits and vegetables. Symptoms associated with the upper gastrointestinal tract such as burning sensations in the epigastrium nausea and acid regurgitation were seen in a majority of the patients. Mental symptoms were seen in almost all patients. A majority had complaints of inner tension, worrying over trifles, autonomic disturbances and muscular tension. Symptoms referred to the neurasthenic syndrome were also frequently seen, such as fatiguability and irritable and hostile feelings. Common depression symptoms were sadness and feelings of helplessness. Other mental symptoms of importance were phobias, sleep disturbances, reduced sexual interest, loss of appetite and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Our conclusion is that patients with IBS frequently have upper gastrointestinal and mental symptoms which should be taken into account searching for more rational methods of treatment. PMID- 6962525 TI - Esophageal dyspepsia. PMID- 6962526 TI - Gastritis--histopathological background. PMID- 6962528 TI - Endoscopical and radiological findings in gastritis. PMID- 6962527 TI - Epidemiology of gastritis. PMID- 6962529 TI - Mucosal function in gastritis. PMID- 6962530 TI - Non-ulcer dyspepsia introduction: epidemiological data. PMID- 6962531 TI - Symptoms of gastritis. PMID- 6962532 TI - Reflux gastritis unrelated to gastric surgery. PMID- 6962533 TI - Chronic atrophic gastritis. PMID- 6962534 TI - Morphological aspects of duodenitis. PMID- 6962535 TI - Symptoms in chronic non-specific duodenitis. PMID- 6962536 TI - Relevance of duodenitis to non-ulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulceration. PMID- 6962538 TI - Gastric secretion in duodenitis. PMID- 6962537 TI - "Ulcer--like dyspepsia". PMID- 6962539 TI - Pharmacological properties of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS, DE-NOL). AB - In pharmacological ulcer models in rats colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) demonstrated anti-ulcer activity. This was neither a result of an acid neutralizing nor of an acid secretion inhibitory effect. Both in vitro and in vivo, an anti-peptic action was found. At low pH CBS precipitates and was shown to form a coating on the gastric wall especially on the ulcer crater. This coating most likely forms a protective barrier to the peptic activity of gastric juice. Low toxicity was seen following chronic daily administration of high doses of CBS for 3 months to rats and 6 months to dogs. Although the blood levels were more elevated in rats, the tissue bismuth levels were comparable in the two species (except for the caecum). The chief bismuth-excreting organs, the kidneys, showed relatively high concentrations, while the brain-concentrations were extremely low in concordance with the absence of nervous system toxicity. PMID- 6962540 TI - A potential mechanism of action of colloidal bismuth subcitrate: diffusion barrier to hydrochloric acid. AB - The mode of action of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS), a colloidal bismuth preparation often used in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers, is unknown. The precipitation characteristics of CBS were determined by titration with hydrochloric acid and gastric juice. The precipitation pH were 4.0 and 3.5 respectively. Preoperative administration of CBS resulted in a preferential accumulation of bismuth in chronic gastric ulcers as determined by tissue bismuth assays. CBS and gastric glycoprotein formed an in vitro complex which markedly retarded the migration of H+. One of the mechanisms by which CBS promotes ulcer healing is through its behaviour as a diffusion barrier to hydrochloric acid. PMID- 6962541 TI - Problems in the treatment of peptic ulcer. AB - Although apparently very successful, the treatment of peptic ulcers remains unsatisfactory because therapy is still symptomatic. Consequently, debate continues about the proper objectives of therapy. Some clinicians consider it best to treat the patients' subjective symptoms, while others focus on the "objective" sign of mucosal ulceration. The latter seems more appropriate, since mucosal ulceration may result in lethal complications. It is therefore necessary not only to heal ulcers, but to keep them healed. The choice of optimal treatment of present ulcer relapse is determined not only by therapeutic success, but also by the frequency and severity of the iatrogenic diseases produced by the treatment. At the present time, maintenance treatment of proven efficacy is provided only by H2 receptor antagonists and is superior to operative therapy because it is accompanied by a lesser incidence of death and adverse reactions. PMID- 6962543 TI - Carcinoma of the breast--an update. PMID- 6962542 TI - Unusual presentation of Hodgkins disease twelve year old boy with left pleural effusion and weight loss of four months duration. PMID- 6962544 TI - [The kinematic center of condyle during lateral movement of the mandible. Existence of points of convergence in the areas of motion of the intercondylar axis]. PMID- 6962545 TI - Case report 214. Osteosarcoma (high grade) of the upper end of the tibia. PMID- 6962546 TI - Case report 218. Paget disease of the tibia with soft tissue mass formation. PMID- 6962547 TI - Human clonogenic cells in vitro. I. Improved preparatory techniques for the collection and concentration of leukemic colonies from methylcellulose cultures for morphologic, cytokinetic, and histochemical evaluation. AB - We have developed simple methods for the rapid isolation and concentration of human leukemic colonies for cytologic evaluation. Colonies, grown in a medium containing methylcellulose, are gently washed from their culture dishes after reducing the viscosity of the colony layer. Colonies are washed and concentrated intact by mild centrifugation (10-20 g/5 min). Once isolated, colonies may enter any number of procedures for morphologic and cytokinetic analyses including exposure to radiolabeled compounds, cytocentrifugation, reaction with antibodies specific for certain cell surface markers, and fixation for routine light and electron microscopy. In addition, suspended or smeared colonies may be exposed to various substrates for the demonstration of endogenous enzymatic markers. Examples of possible preparations are presented. PMID- 6962548 TI - Enhancement of polyethylene glycol-mediated cell hybridization by inducers of erythroleukemia cell differentiation. AB - Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has many biological effects, which include enhancement of polyethylene glycol (PEG) -mediated cell fusion, induction of cell differentiation in erythroleukemia and other cell systems, and cryoprotection of cells from freezing damage. In this study, compounds which induce erythroleukemia cell differentiation were tested for their ability to enhance PEG-mediated cell fusion. It was found that many compounds which induce erythroleukemia cell differentiation also promote cell membrane fusion as well as protect cells against freezing damage. Hence, many inducers of erythroleukemia cell differentiation have direct and similar effects on cell membranes. This study also demonstrates previously unrecognized effects of cryoprotective agents and cell fusogens on the differentiated state of cultured cells. PMID- 6962549 TI - [The relation between the various trigger zones of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and jaw bone cavities]. PMID- 6962550 TI - [Breast tumor as initial symptom of acute leukemia]. PMID- 6962551 TI - [Post extraction complications]. PMID- 6962552 TI - [Construction materials for complete denture bases]. PMID- 6962554 TI - [Register of fluoridated drinking water in the Pirna subdistrict of the Dresden district]. PMID- 6962553 TI - [Dental caries and functional dental enamel resistance]. PMID- 6962555 TI - [Progress in the field of plastic restorative materials from the viewpoint of materials science]. PMID- 6962556 TI - [Comparative studies assessing apical and periapical regions of various types of teeth using intra-oral radiographs and panoramic tomograms]. PMID- 6962557 TI - [Results from the functional analysis of treated orthodontic patients]. PMID- 6962558 TI - [Histological study of fracture healing after compression plate osteosynthesis in dog mandibles]. PMID- 6962559 TI - [Case report concerning the prosthetic treatment of a patient with secondary deep bite]. PMID- 6962560 TI - [Physiotherapy in dental practice]. PMID- 6962561 TI - [The etiology of denture stomatitis]. PMID- 6962562 TI - [Prosthodontic treatment of marked atrophic edentulousness--a case report]. PMID- 6962563 TI - [On the prosthodontic treatment of patients with dysgnathia. Case report]. PMID- 6962564 TI - [Iatrogenic temporomandibular joint disorders and toothache as a result of occlusal disturbances]. PMID- 6962565 TI - [Biological-experimental comparison of non-gamma 2 amalgam with conventional dental amalgams in an implantation test]. PMID- 6962566 TI - [On the sialochemistry of secretions of the parotid and submandibular gland in caries]. PMID- 6962568 TI - [Skull growth patterns and orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 6962567 TI - [Results from an interview of patients from general dental outpatient services in the town of Halberstadt about various aspects of dental care]. PMID- 6962569 TI - Survival of Loa loa following transplantation from drills (Mandrillus leucophaeus) into jirds (Meriones unguiculatus): parasitology and pathology. AB - Two drills infected with Loa loa maintained a microfilaraemia for four and a half years ranging from less than 1 mf/100 microliters to 1150 mf/100 microliters. No significant tissue reactions to the adult worms were seen at autopsy. Adult worms were transplanted into the peritoneal cavities of naive jirds when a persistent microfilaraemia first developed by 17 days. Retransplantation of adult worms into naive jirds produced a microfilaraemia and microfilariae in the peritoneal cavities of three out of five animals. These three animals were all negative for circulating parasites by eight and a half months. The tissue reactions to the worms in the jirds are described, including a granulomatous response surrounding adults and a myositis involving microfilariae. PMID- 6962571 TI - [Temperature dependence of the setting time of restorative composites]. PMID- 6962572 TI - [Autogenous transplant: a case report of 9 years' prognosis]. PMID- 6962570 TI - [Finish and abrasion of microfilled composites]. PMID- 6962573 TI - Effects of lathyrogens on the mechanical properties of the periodontium in the rat mandibular incisor. PMID- 6962575 TI - Second-generation antidepressants: maprotiline. PMID- 6962574 TI - [Manifestations, treatment and prognosis in acute leukemia]. AB - One hundred fifty one patients were studied--with acute lymphoblast leukosis (ALL) and acute non-lymphoblast (myelogenic) leukosis (ANLL). The disease had a fulminant course in 118 of the patients studied (21.8%). In 73 patients, out of 118 studied, no treatment effect was obtained (61.9%) and the rest 45 patients developed a complete remission (38.1%). In 10 of the patients with no treatment effect, a partial remission was obtained (8.4%). The remission is more frequent in case of ALL. The younger age, at present, remains the most essential prognostic factor. Partial initial leukose infiltration of the bone marrow was found in some of the patients. The bone marrow aplasia is not an obligatory phase of remission. The latter could develop by a gradual restoration of the normal hematopoiesis. The existence of stages with inducing of leukosis processes is possible that follow the reverse way in remission development. Hemorrhages are the most frequent complications in forms with fulminant course, and the infections--in the rest of the patients. PMID- 6962576 TI - Herpes simplex encephalitis. PMID- 6962577 TI - Health effects of shift work. AB - More than 13.5 million American workers, close to 20 percent of the work force, are assigned to evening or night shifts. In some industries such as automobile, petrochemical and textile manufacturing the proportion of shift workers is greater than 50 percent. As the popularity of shift work and other "alternative work schedules" grows, concern is increasing over the disturbance created in the lives of workers and their families by these economically and socially useful innovations. Twenty percent of workers are unable to tolerate shift work. Daily physiologic variations termed circadian rhythms are interactive and require a high degree of phase relationship to produce subjective feelings of wellbeing. Disturbance of these activities, circadian desynchronization, whether from passage over time zones or from shift rotation, results in health effects such as disturbance of the quantity and quality of sleep, disturbance of gastrointestinal and other organ system activities, and aggravation of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, epilepsy and thyrotoxicosis. Worker selection can reduce the number of health problems resulting from shift work. The periodic examination of shift workers is recommended. PMID- 6962578 TI - Steroid modifications with immobilized biocatalysts--use of immobilized enzyme requiring cofactor regeneration and of immobilized mycelium. AB - Two biological approaches have been investigated for specific modifications of steroids. The first one uses the purified enzyme for the specific dehydrogenation of androsterone to androstanedione. The enzyme used is 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which requires a cofactor (NAD). A cofactor regeneration is needed so that the process could work continuously. The conjugation of two points (immobilization of the enzyme and optimization of the ratio methanol-water) allows a continuous work of the enzyme during 25 days. Moreover, we propose a chemical regeneration of the cofactor using methoxy derivative of phenazine methosulphate. Right now it is the limiting step of the process. The second approach of steroid modification uses a whole mycelium of Aspergillus phoenicis for the specific hydroxylation of progesterone to 11 alpha-hydroxy progesterone. The transformation of 90% of the progesterone is obtained with calcium alginate immobilization and the lowest number of products is obtained at pH lower than 2.5 with carrageenan and polyurethane immobilization. It seems promising to apply immobilized biocatalysts to the bioconversion of hydrophobic compounds in organic solvents system. PMID- 6962580 TI - [New method of cavity preparation]. PMID- 6962579 TI - [Occurrence of HLA-antigens in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - The etiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with (HOCM) and without obstruction (HCM) is poorly understood. Controversial data have been published concerning the association of HLA-B-12-antigen with HOCM and HCM respectively. Further, HLA-D antigen occurrence has been determined in few patients with HOCM or HCM. In 29 patients with HOCM, 38 patients with HCM, and matched healthy persons we determined the occurrence of HLA-A, B, C and DRW-antigen using the test of microcytotoxicity in lymphocytes. HLA-antigens occurred with similar frequency in patients with HOCM and HCM and in control subjects. 25% of the patients and 23% of the control subjects had HLA-B-12. Further, no difference was detected in the frequency of occurrence of HLA-antigens in patients with HOCM and in patients with HCM. The data support the view that HLA tissue typing is of no diagnostic value in identifying patients with HOCM or HCM. PMID- 6962583 TI - [Central materials testing still a dream in Germany]. PMID- 6962582 TI - [How can the dentist protect himself against hepatitis?]. PMID- 6962581 TI - [How can a non-vital anterior tooth with incomplete root closure be retained?]. PMID- 6962584 TI - [Incorrect posture primarily affects the spinal column]. PMID- 6962586 TI - [Extraction-acrobatics which dentist and patients put aside]. PMID- 6962585 TI - [Hepatitis: infection risk and prevention in Bavarian dental offices]. PMID- 6962587 TI - [Development of periodontology]. PMID- 6962588 TI - [Dentists already have the initiative in prevention]. PMID- 6962589 TI - [45% healthy deciduous molars in 6-year-old preschool children]. PMID- 6962590 TI - [Candida colonization in the jaw bones of small children with "sugared-tea" caries]. PMID- 6962591 TI - [A dental-philatelic exhibit]. PMID- 6962592 TI - [A dental-philatelic exhibit]. PMID- 6962594 TI - [Principles of cavity preparation for silver amalgam restorations]. PMID- 6962593 TI - [An example of cooperation between the clinic and the dental office]. PMID- 6962595 TI - [Myofunctional therapy - report of a case]. PMID- 6962596 TI - [Significance of projection displacement in radiography]. PMID- 6962597 TI - [Rubber dam - an important aid]. PMID- 6962598 TI - [Hemisection]. PMID- 6962599 TI - [Use of gold leaf for gold foil restorations]. PMID- 6962600 TI - [Problems in relining removable dentures for older patients]. PMID- 6962601 TI - [Possibilities for the participation of dental students in the assimilation of preventive measures in preschool education]. PMID- 6962602 TI - [Content, form and method of composition of lectures in practice, represented in the specialty of the crown and bridge prosthesis]. PMID- 6962604 TI - [Treatment of recovered Sipal (silver-palladium alloys) products just like Sipal and Dentargam (silver dental amalgam) waste]. PMID- 6962603 TI - [Experiences with the prosthetic treatment of facial defects with a new synthetic material]. PMID- 6962605 TI - [Galvanic pathology in the oral cavity]. PMID- 6962606 TI - [Is dust a health hazard in dental technology]. PMID- 6962607 TI - [Content, form and method of composition of lectures in practice, represented in the specialty of the crown and bridge prosthetics]. PMID- 6962608 TI - [Endogenous prostaglandins and steroid hormones in premature labor induction in diabetic patients]. AB - Prostaglandins E and F2 alpha as well as two steroid hormones, progesterone and unconjugated oestriol, were measured in amniotic fluid of 30 diabetics. The prostaglandin levels of all patients went up with significance after the os uteri had clearly opened. No rise in prostaglandin levels was recordable from induction of labour without opening of the os uteri. High primary prostaglandin levels, prior to induction of labour, and low progesterone/oestriol quotients were observed along with short-time courses of parturition. On the other hand, low prostaglandin values prior to induction of labour and slow rise during induction were recordable from protracted courses of labour. PMID- 6962609 TI - Significance of chromogenic peptide substrate assays in critical care medicine. PMID- 6962610 TI - Antithrombin-III: clinical significance. PMID- 6962611 TI - Differences between functional and immunologic determinations of plasma antithrombin during the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation by infusion of antithrombin III concentrate. PMID- 6962612 TI - Determination of factor X and heparin with chromogenic substrate. PMID- 6962613 TI - Amidolytic heparin assay (Coatest heparin) and correlation to clinical effects in heparin treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). PMID- 6962614 TI - The application of an automated amidolytic factor X assay in oral anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 6962615 TI - Monitoring of fibrinolytic treatment with chromogenic substrate assays. PMID- 6962616 TI - Plasma prekallikrein in hypertension. PMID- 6962617 TI - A role of glandular kallikreins in local blood flow and blood pressure regulation. PMID- 6962618 TI - Determination of prekallikrein using an amidolytic assay in plasma samples of critically ill patients. PMID- 6962619 TI - Detection of plasma endotoxin with a limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL)-chromogenic substrate assay. PMID- 6962620 TI - Quantitative determination of endotoxin in plasma by means of a new chromogenic peptide substrate. A methodological study. AB - Endotoxins are highly biologically active compounds found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. A method has been developed to determine endotoxins quantitatively in plasma, using Limulus lysate and a new chromogenic peptide substrate (S-2423, KabiVitrum, AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Blood samples were collected in pyrogen-free tubes (Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, USA) containing heparin as anticoagulance. Platelet poor plasma was prepared by centrifugation at 1500 x g at 4 degrees C for 10 min. Standard solutions were prepared by adding E coli endotoxin (Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, USA) to plasma from normals. Limulus lysate (Pyrogent, Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, USA) was incubated with samples and standards for 30 min. at 37 degrees C. The chromogenic substrate /S 2423) was then added and the mixture incubated for 3 1/2 min. The reaction was stopped with 50% acetic acid. Absorbance read against a separate plasma blank was recorded photometrically at 405 nm. The standard curve was linear in the range 0.025 to 0.200 ng/ml. PMID- 6962621 TI - Changes of components of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system during experimental lung insufficiency in dogs. AB - Lung insufficiency was induced in 11 dogs by combined hemorrhagic hypotension (55 mm Hg for two hours) and clamping the portal triad (20 minutes). Four dogs were ventilated spontaneously (group 1). In seven dogs thoracotomy was done giving access to lung biopsies and central hemodynamic measurements (group 2). Five dogs were used as controls without hypotension or clamping. All the dogs in group 1 and 2 developed morphological changes in the lungs characteristic of post traumatic lung insufficiency. A significant decrease of prekallikrein levels (42% and 34% of initial levels in the two groups, respectively) was found. A significant elevation of the kallikrein activity compared to initial values and the control group was found as well. The antikallikrein levels were reduced to 76% and 67% of initial levels in group 1 and 2, respectively. This reduction was statistically significant. A significant lowering of high molecular weight kininogen was also found, 50% and 28% of initial levels in the two groups. These results demonstrate activation of the kallikrein-kinin system in this experimental model. This can give information on the pathogenesis of post traumatic lung insufficiency and can explain, for instance, the hypotension and oedema found in this condition. This study also demonstrates that homeostatic functions are altered, this probably being of greater interest than the specific lung alterations described by several authors. Determination of the components of the kallikrein-kinin system can be of diagnostic and prognostic value in post traumatic lung insufficiency in clinical medicine. PMID- 6962622 TI - Chromogenic peptide substrate assays in patients with multiple trauma. AB - Daily monitoring of the plasma proteolytic enzyme systems i.e. the coagulation, the fibrinolytic and the kallikrein-kinin system in multitraumatized patients with chromogenic substrate assays disclosed significant differences in the levels of Prekallikrein, Hageman Factor, Antithrombin-III, Prothrombin in survivors (N = 9) and fatal cases (N = 6) during the first week after admission. Since chromogenic peptide substrate assays are simple, cheap and easily automated, close monitoring of critical care patients may be rewarding. PMID- 6962623 TI - Prediction of prognosis in intensive care patients. AB - The treatment of intensive care patients is complex and sometimes unrewarding. The identification of factors that predict the outcome of these patients would make treatment easier to evaluate. Various pulmonary, cardiovascular and metabolic variables have been tested as prognostic measures. They have so far not been found conclusively reliable. It seems as if measurements of factors in the cascade systems, in particular prekallikrein, Hageman factor, and antithrombin III may be the best available indexes to predict a fatal outcome. PMID- 6962624 TI - Daily monitoring of Antithrombin III in premature neonates. PMID- 6962625 TI - Studies on components of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system in peritoneal fluid and plasma before and during experimental acute pancreatitis in pigs. A preliminary report. AB - Acute pancreatitis was induced in pigs by retrograde injection of Na-Taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Using a chromogenic peptide substrate assay, increased plasma kallikrein activity was found in the peritoneal exudate. This finding was paralleled by reduced prekallikrein and functional kallikrein inhibition values. In plasma, however, no changes in the kallikrein-kinin system were found during the 6 hours observation time. These findings emphasize the significance of peritoneal protease-antiprotease imbalance during acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6962626 TI - Methodological considerations on antithrombin determination. PMID- 6962627 TI - Phlebotomy treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda. AB - The effect of phlebotomy on 44 patients (33 men and 11 women) with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is described. All had typical biochemical and clinical signs of PCT. The patients were bled until slight anemia and signs of iron deficiency. In patients who were bled frequently and who were not given iron supplements in conjunction with phlebotomy, urinary uroporphyrin excretion decreased to 1 mg (or 1.2 mumol) a day or less in 1-8 months (mean 4 months) and then continued to decrease long after the treatment had been stopped and became normal in many patients. A decrease in porphyrin excretion comparable to that in patients treated with phlebotomy occurred in only two out of 12 controls. Remission occurred in patients treated with phlebotomy who had iron overload as well as in patients with quantitatively normal iron stores and in patients abstaining from alcohol as well as in patients who continued their abuse of alcohol. The disappearance of skin fragility and ulcers coincided roughly with the time when the urinary excretion of uroporphyrin decreased to about 1 mg (1.2 mumol) a day. After 43 remissions (in 43 patients) not followed by iron medication, one relapse occurred after a period of 20 months. In 5 patients in whom their iron stores were replenished a relapse occurred in all within 18 months. After longer observation periods relapses occurred also after remissions not followed by iron medication. During observation periods of 3-10 years 15 out of 41 patients relapsed biochemically. These had re-accumulated iron stores spontaneously. The results indicate that phlebotomy is consistently effective and probably exerts its effect mainly by reduction of iron stores. PMID- 6962628 TI - Chloroquine in treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda. Long-term efficacy of combined phlebotomy and high-dose chloroquine therapy. AB - The combined treatment with phlebotomy and high-dose chloroquine for PCT is described and 21 patients treated were followed up for periods of up to 6 years. Clinical and laboratory remissions were experienced by all patients. The urinary excretion of porphyrin and serum hepatic enzyme levels rose rapidly during therapy and then fell, mostly to levels well below that before treatment. The periods required for normalization of laboratory tests, median value, were 1.5 months for liver enzymes and 7 months for uroporphyrins. Clinical symptoms soon disappeared, blistering within 3 weeks and skin fragility within 12. Mild nausea or subfebrility was noted in some cases, but no other serious acute or chronic adverse reactions were observed. Clinical or biochemical relapse appeared in 9/21 (43%) patients who were then retreated. Relapsing cases showed a symptomfree period of 1-2.5 years after each treatment. Liver biopsy was performed in 4 relapsing cases prior to the repeated treatment and showed only mild siderosis and a mild fatty infiltration consistent with pathological liver findings in PCT but no evidence of chloroquine-induced permanent liver damage. The longest symptomfree period observed up to date was assessed for 7 patients who were followed up for more than 2 years after 1 single treatment. Four (57%) of them were symptomfree 5-6 years and no clinical or biochemical signs of relapse were observed. Our data confirm the efficacy of the high-dose therapeutic procedure, and the combined regimen with 1-2 phlebotomies prior to the chloroquine administration seems to be a safe procedure without any serious side effects. Our findings are discussed in relation to other current therapeutic modalities. PMID- 6962629 TI - Microscopic and fine structural aspects of porphyrias. PMID- 6962631 TI - Geography and genetics of the porphyrias. PMID- 6962630 TI - Environmental and drug factors in hepatic porphyria. AB - Numerous drugs and environmental chemicals are capable of influencing the clinical expression of human hepatic porphyria primarily by interfering with the orderly regulation of heme synthesis in the liver. Some agents trigger the disease in otherwise normal individuals whereas others exacerbate an underlying genetic abnormality leading to disease expression. In both instances careful avoidance of exposure to these drugs and chemicals can largely prevent the development of manifest disease. The mechanisms whereby these agents impair the normal regulation of hepatic heme synthesis have been carefully studied in recent years and have provided valuable new insights into this form of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. PMID- 6962632 TI - Action spectroscopy of the skin in porphyria. PMID- 6962633 TI - The enzymatic defects in porphyria cutanea tarda and variegate porphyria. AB - Although enzymatic defects have been identified in porphyria cutanea tarda and variegate porphyria several important controversial points remain unresolved. Hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity is subnormal in all patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and is presumably responsible for the biochemical derangement which characterizes the disease. Several groups have found subnormal erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity as well and have demonstrated that the defect is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. In other studies, erythrocyte enzyme activity has been normal and no evidence of an inherited factor has been identified. These two types of patients have been called "familial" and "sporadic" cases of porphyria cutanea tarda. Whether or not the hepatic enzyme defect is inherited in all cases remains to be determined. Two groups of investigators have identified two different enzymatic defects in variegate porphyria. One group has reported subnormal activity of heme synthase (ferrochelatase) to be the defect responsible for the disease and the other has reported subnormal activity of protoporphyrinogen oxidase to be the causative factor. Which of the two defects is responsible for the biochemical abnormalities in variegate porphyria remains to be resolved. PMID- 6962634 TI - Fluorescence studies of protoporphyrin. Transport and clearance. AB - By means of spectrofluorometry porphyrins can be assayed directly in body fluids without extraction. Rapid diagnosis of various primary and secondary porphyrinemias can be made based upon such fluorometric measurements. Fluorometric methods can also provide information about porphyrin binding sites that is useful in understanding porphyrin transport and clearance. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin produced in the circulating red cells of lead intoxicated Mallard ducks rapidly diffuses from those cells. PMID- 6962635 TI - Why is the patient with lead intoxication not light sensitive? AB - Ever since the 1930s, when it was found that the concentration of protoporphyrin (PP) in the red blood cells is markedly increased in lead workers, it has been keenly debated why these persons, like patients with certain types of porphyria, are not hypersensitive to light. The answer came in the 1970s when it was realised that erythrocyte-PP in lead poisoning is not free, as it is in porphyria, but is bound to zinc (ZPP). Free PP can pass through the erythrocyte membrane into the tissues, while ZPP remains confined in the red blood cells. On exposure of PP in the skin to sun shine, the molecule is stimulated to release energy, which causes blisters, reddening, swelling and other symptoms of hypersensitivity to light. PMID- 6962636 TI - Dermatology symposium in Lund, May 19-20, 1981: Cutaneous porphyrias. PMID- 6962637 TI - Why is the patient with acute intermittent porphyria not light sensitive? AB - Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) belongs to the group "inborn errors of metabolism". The disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant gene and characterized by abdominal, neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The basic defect in AIP is assumed to be a mutation in the genetic system which controls the uroporphyrinogen-I-synthetase (UIS) activity. The UIS activity in erythrocytes is about 50% lower in gene carriers than among their non-porphyric siblings. The metabolic block in the haem synthesis is situated between porphobilinogen and uroporphyrinogen and leads to high levels of porphyrin precursors but no accumulation of porphyrins. Since the porphyrin precursors do not cause light sensitivity and tissue porphyrins are not markedly increased most patients with AIP are not light sensitive. PMID- 6962638 TI - Porphyrin-induced photodamage as related to the subcellular localization of the porphyrins. AB - In liver cells photodamage following externally added protoporphyrin affects predominantly membrane associated components, whereas photodamage by uroporphyrin also affects water-soluble components. Following excess endogenous production of porphyrins, protoporphyrin concentrates in the mitochondria and exerts its photodamaging effect primarily on the mitochondrial system, whereas uroporphyrin concentrates in lysosomes with release and inactivation of lysosomal enzymes when irradiated. The results may be of importance to explain the different skin lesions in porphyria cutanea tarda and erythropoietic protoporphyria. PMID- 6962639 TI - Porphyria variegata. AB - A form of porphyria inherited as a Mendelian dominant characteristic can cause both cutaneous lesions on the exposed skin and attacks of acute porphyria following certain drugs, for instance barbiturates. Because it presents in a variety of forms it has been named porphyria variegata. This form of porphyria is very common among the White and Coloured South Africans because of 'founder effect'. A high proportion of the present population are descendants of a small number of early settlers, one of whom introduced the gene for this condition. The disease has been traced over 17 generations to Gerrit Jansz who came from Deventer in Holland and who married Ariaantje, an orphan from Rotterdam, in 1688. In the quiescent state porphyria variegata is best diagnosed by the examination of a solution of the stool in ultraviolet light which shows the pink fluorescence of porphyrin. In the acute attack porphobilinogen and porphyrin are greatly increased in the urine. Porphyria variegata also occurs outside of South Africa but in these countries it is less common than acute intermittent porphyria. The diagnosis and treatment is described and the story that the insanity of King George III of England was due to porphyria variegata is refuted. PMID- 6962640 TI - The first Swedish case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria, with a revised view of the porphyrin excretion pattern in this disease. AB - A case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) in a Swedish boy is described. It is the second case of this extremely rare disease encountered in Scandinavia. Like the first Scandinavian case--a Norwegian boy--this patient showed a porphyrin excretion pattern like that of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) which was regarded as pointing to a hepatic type of porphyria. In the Norwegian boy this was regarded as atypical, but our study of the literature revealed two older cases with features pointing to a similar pattern and disclosed that analysis of the porphyrin pattern with modern methods, such as thin-layer chromatography, has not been performed in the great majority of the cases of CEP, because such methods were not available at the time these cases were published. Therefore, it is necessary to study more cases of CEP with modern analytical methods in order to get an adequate picture of the porphyrin pattern typical of this disease. PMID- 6962641 TI - Cutaneous aspects of the porphyrias. AB - The clinical features of the porphyrias are often characteristic; and all can be definitively diagnosed by appropriate biochemical tests. Many of the cutaneous lesions are thought to be the result of photochemical damage which occurs due to 400 nm radiation exciting abnormally high concentrations of porphyrins in the skin. Others are probably based on hormonal or unidentified systemic factors. The effects of exogenous environmental porphyrinogenic agents have become increasingly well understood in recent years and at present treatment for many of the porphyrias is available. Early diagnosis, aided by recognition of the initial cutaneous signs and symptoms, is crucial for rapid implementation of appropriate therapy. PMID- 6962642 TI - Studies on the cellular and subcellular reactions in epidermis at irritant and allergic dermatitis. AB - To determine the cellular and subcellular reactions of keratinocytes at contact dermatitis, transmission electron microscopy was used in combination with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Stereology and optical diffraction were used as complements to electron microscopy for studies of the effects of variations in the preparation technique on the ultrastructure of epidermis. The morphological effects of an increased hydration of epidermis were assessed by the use of occlusive patch tests. It was found that the relative volume of the epidermal intercellular space and the ultrastructure of the epidermal cells (keratinocytes and Langerhans' cells) were directly dependent on the osmolality of the fixative vehicle if glutaraldehyde was used as fixative. Cellular volume and morphology did also depend on the fixative used. Variations in the volume of the intercellular space were also detected when the water transport through epidermis was impaired by occlusive treatment. In normal epidermis prolonged fixation times (4 weeks) did not affect the morphology of the keratinocytes. However, if the structure and function of the keratinocytes were affected by the application of a irritant substance (DNCB), a loss of electron dense material from the cells was detected within 3 weeks. The ultrastructural changes in the keratinocytes at the irritant chromate and DNCB reactions were of a non-specific nature and are in accordance with the changes described for other irritant agents in the literature. A few cells with the features of apoptosis were recorded. The allergic chromate reaction was found to be a combination of the irritant reaction and a marked inflammatory response. To correlate the ultrastructural alterations in the keratinocytes with the functional state of the cells, X-ray microanalysis was used to determine the elemental redistribution occurring at the irritant DNCB reaction. The results of the X-ray microanalysis showed a good correlation between dose and time dependent effects and with the ultrastructural changes. Cell injury in the keratinocytes lead to decreases in the cellular content of phosphorous, potassium and magnesium and an increase of cellular calcium. Sodium, chloride, and sulphur were only moderately changed. A stimulation of the basal keratinocytes was detectable when a weak DNCB dose was applied to the skin. PMID- 6962644 TI - Occupational neurology. Papers from the First International Course on Occupational Neurology. Finland, June 1982. PMID- 6962643 TI - New concepts in the development of respirators. PMID- 6962645 TI - Descriptive neuroepidemiology: applications to occupational neurology. PMID- 6962646 TI - Neurophysiological findings among workers exposed to organic solvents. AB - Neurophysiological findings among patients with solvent poisoning and among groups with long-term occupational exposure to various solvents are reviewed. Hydrocarbons with six carbon atoms have been shown to cause peripheral neuropathy, which can be revealed with electroneurography and electromyography. Various mixtures of solvents and carbon disulfide have caused similar types of abnormalities. Abnormal electroencephalograms have been reported for patients with solvent poisoning and also connected to occupational exposure. Visual evoked potentials have rarely been applied to study of solvent effects, latency increases have been reported. Multiple lesions within the central and peripheral nervous system should arouse a thought of possible toxic etiology. PMID- 6962648 TI - Behavioral effects of long-term exposure to organic solvents. AB - Epidemiological studies have detected an increased risk of neuropsychiatric diseases among groups occupationally exposed to organic solvents. Psychological studies of solvent exposed workers have investigated both cognitive and sensory and motors functions. Most of these studies have dealt with trichloroethylene, toluene, styrene, and mixtures of organic solvents. Most of these studies have found a decline in the sensory and motor functions. Of the cognitive functions especially short-term memory has proved to be sensitive to solvent exposure. Also some implications of declined visuoconstructive abilities have been found. It has been possible to analyze exposure-response and exposure-effect relationships between exposure and psychological findings only for some single studies, because reliable measures for long-term solvent exposure have usually not been available. The measurement of personality characteristics among solvent exposure workers has been another neglected area. PMID- 6962649 TI - Behavioral effects of occupational exposure to mercury and lead. PMID- 6962647 TI - Acute behavioral effects of exposure to some organic solvents psychophysiological aspects. AB - Acute low-level exposure to organic solvent vapours may result in prenarcotic states of CNS-depression, often characterized by behavioral dysfunction. Behavioral findings from experimental acute human exposures to toluene, trichloroethylene (TCE), and methylene chloride (MC) are covered in this review. Perceptual measures (e.g. critical flicker fusion = CFF), measures of sustained attention (vigilance), measures of psychomotor performance (as e.g. reaction time, motor speed, coordination) as well as EEG-measures (sensory evoked potentials) are used to illustrate the main effects from such studies. Progressive increase of reaction time was observed at toluene-exposures of only 300 ppm (30 minutes). No consistent behavioral deficit has been reported for trichloroethylene below 300 ppm; instead, visual and auditory evoked potentials were found to be affected at TCE vapour-concentrations between 50 and 100 ppm (3 1/2 - 7 1/2 hours of exposure). CFF-depression, vigilance-decrement and disruption of psychomotor performance has been observed during MC-exposure (200 - 800 ppm; 2-4 hours). Although such behavioral effects are usually considered reversible and of no demonstrated pathological impact, they may nevertheless contribute to accident-prone behavior in occupational settings. PMID- 6962650 TI - Lead poisoning: neurophysiological aspects. AB - Lead causes peripheral neuropathy, which may lead to radial palsy or other peripheral palsy. In milder cases weakness has been reported especially in the wrist extensors. Several reports have confirmed that even in neurologically symptom-free lead workers motor and sensory conduction velocities slow down and also electromyographic abnormalities like denervation activity and loss or changes in the motor unit potentials appear. When individual exposure to lead has been monitored for long term, an exposure-effect relationship and also an exposure-response relationship have been shown concerning lead exposure and slowing of nerve conduction velocities and also concerning frequency of abnormally slow conduction velocities. PMID- 6962651 TI - Neurological picture of lead poisoning. PMID- 6962652 TI - Neurological manifestations of mercury intoxication. PMID- 6962653 TI - Neuropathies due to physical factors and entrapment in occupational neurology. PMID- 6962654 TI - Toxicological mechanisms in acute and chronic nervous system degeneration. AB - A brief survey on the nature of neurotoxic effects of various industrially important chemicals and contaminants is given. The effects are divided in acute and chronic. The mechanisms of acute hypoxic and histotoxic nervous system degeneration are presented and compared with the acute solvent actions in the nervous system. Chronic nervous system degeneration is caused by cumulative effects of metabolic products of the absorbed chemicals or by the cumulative burden of e.g. metal ions. The model compounds have been selected to demonstrate the differences in their neurotoxic potential which stresses the importance of insight in the nervous system characteristics as well as in the kinetics of the toxic reactions. Screening of the general population for adverse neural effects of environmental chemicals is seldom necessary or practicable because of the nonspecific nature of the most of the available tests. Control of exposure in the industrial setting is in most cases a realistic and necessary goal of the occupational health service. PMID- 6962655 TI - Exposure to neurotoxic agents in Finnish working environments. Trends and assessment of exposure. AB - The article reviews the current condition of exposure to neurotoxic agents in working environments in Finland. The role of measurements of ambient air concentrations and biological monitoring in the assessment of exposure levels is also briefly discussed. The results are needed in order to assess the exposure of workers who apparently have neurological disorders of occupational origin or of workers subject to health examinations because of exposure to neurotoxic agents. Such results are often lacking, and the assessment must be based on information received from the exposed workers themselves and from the employer. In deciding on the possible occupational origin of a neurological disease account must also be taken of the exposure-related symptoms of the worker, any other diseases and any physiological factors that may lead to increased susceptibility of the worker to toxic agents. PMID- 6962657 TI - Polyneuropathies in occupational neurology: pathogenetic and clinical aspects. PMID- 6962658 TI - Electrophysiological investigation of toxic neuropathies. AB - Electrophysiological changes are correlated with pathological processes. Marked slowing of conduction is found in segmental demyelination due to delayed nodal excitation or short lengths of continuous conduction. Secondary demyelination causes slow conduction in hexacarbon neuropathy. Slight reduction in maximal conduction velocity is attributable to selective damage to large fibres in acrylamide neuropathy. Sensory nerve action potential amplitude is a sensitive measure of peripheral nerve function and comparison of abnormalities in different nerve segments may indicate the nature of the underlying pathological change. Other abnormalities may be elucidated by double stimuli; eg repetitive activity due to cholinesterase inhibition only occurs after the first of two closely spaced stimuli. Activity-related excitability changes may be detected by measuring the amplitude of the response to a submaximal stimulus at varying times after a maximal shock and is increased and prolonged by the pyrethroid deltamethrin. PMID- 6962659 TI - Alcoholism in occupational neurology: diagnostic difficulties with special reference to the neurological syndromes caused by exposure to organic solvents. AB - Clinical syndromes caused by chronic exposure to organic solvents and by chronic abuse of alcohol share several common features. In practice, both develop insidiously usually through repeated episodes of acute intoxications. It is difficult to diagnose them at their early stages. Careful history taking which includes the occupational history and tests for possible non-neurologic signs of alcoholism are necessary for the correct diagnosis. Regular absenteeism, lack of efficiency at work and changing jobs often are typical features of alcohol abuse. Difficulties in obtaining an adequate history of the patient's drinking habits are readily apparent, and considerable efforts are required. One should remember that alcohol abuse by no means rules out the possible concomitant effects of chronic exposure to organic solvents. The inadequacy and insufficiency of human data on exposure to various solvents and the consumption of alcohol make it imperative that epidemiologic studies focus on these problems. Special emphasis should be paid to the proper selection of sensitive techniques for the early detection of health impairments due to the consumption of alcohol and exposure to organic solvents. PMID- 6962656 TI - Organic brain syndromes from a psychiatric point of view: diagnostic and nosological aspects. AB - Organic brain syndromes constitute increasing public health, social and economic problems. In the diagnosis of organic brain syndrome no single symptom is pathognomonic. The core features of organic brain syndrome are disturbances in cognitive functions (memory, thinking, perception, and attention). The expression of emotions is altered, and alertness and vigilance are disturbed. The clinical picture is confused by compensatory, protective, and reactive symptoms. The most important psychopathogenetic mechanisms of organic brain syndrome are impaired cerebral function and the subjective meaning of the illness to the individual. According to American Psychiatric Association's classification (DSM-III), organic brain syndromes can be divided into seven purely descriptive clusters; subdivisions into psychotic and nonpsychotic syndromes and into acute and chronic brain syndromes have been omitted. The organic brain syndromes are delirium, dementia, amnestic syndrome, organic delusional syndrome, organic hallucinosis, organic affective syndrome and organic personality syndrome. The differential diagnostic aspects are discussed. Organic brain syndromes caused by industrial chemicals are nonspecific and multifactorial. When long term exposure to organic solvents occurs, the clinical picture is often characterized by tiredness and astheno-emotional or neurasthenic syndrome resembling neurotic states, depressive states, or presenile dementia. PMID- 6962661 TI - Microstructure and strength properties of silicate and glass ionomer cements. AB - Microstructure characterization of silicate and glass ionomer cements has been carried out using, SEM, EDAX and ion microprobe techniques. The distribution of aluminum, calcium, fluorine, phosphorus or silicon was measured in the set cement surfaces. Cracks in the cement specimens produced by mechanical breaking, in contraction during setting, or as a result of SEM preparation were observed to occur mainly in the matrix and in the interface between matrix and particle. Powders of silicate and glass ionomer cements were separated into various fractions using sieves or cyclone separation technique. Compressive strength measurements of specimens made of powders with various size distributions have been assessed. The fractionation did not reveal any strong effect on the compressive strength properties either for the silicate or the glass ionomer cement. PMID- 6962660 TI - Oral galvanic action after treatment with extensive metallic restorations. AB - An epidemiological study was performed in 250 persons who five years previously had been treated with extensive metallic reconstructions. To gain representative information these persons were selected at random from three Local Social Insurance Offices in different parts of Sweden. Those person, who in a questionnaire reported symptoms that could be alleged to have been caused by oral galvanic actions, were offered free clinical examination including quality evaluation and free measurements of potentials and polarizations of the metallic dental restorations. Persons from a subgroup to this study not suffering from any oral discomforts were chosen as a control group. Comparisons between the two groups were made in regard to current creation at metallic contacts, clinical quality and mucosal conditions. In none of the statistical analyses performed, differences could be shown between the groups. A tendency to higher amounts of restorative care at comparatively lower level of technical quality could, however, be noticed in the group of persons with oral symptoms which they themselves associated with oral galvanism. PMID- 6962662 TI - Freeze-fracturing of oral epithelial cells in pemphigus. AB - Biopsies from the oral mucosa of three patients (two with pemphigus vulgaris and one with pemphigus erythematosus) were taken for both freeze-fracturing and thin sectioning studies. Oral mucosa from a clinically healthy volunteer was used as control. The samples collected from both the involved and uninvolved oral mucosa of pemphigus patients showed widened intercellular spaces and fewer than normal desmosomes. Thin sections showed a random distribution of tonofilaments. However, in freeze-fracture replicas tonofilaments were arranged in thick bundles with a slightly coiled orientation. In freeze-fracture replicas of samples from a pemphigus patient in remission no difference was found in the number of particles on both fracture faces. PMID- 6962664 TI - A new method for recording temporomandibular joint sounds and electrical jaw muscle activity in relation to jaw opening degree. AB - A system for continuously quantifying of jaw movements in terms of jaw angle was tested in combination with a previously tried method for simultaneous recording of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds and electromyographic (EMG) activity. The system was used to measure the degree of rotation of the lower jaw in the sagittal plane in relation to the upper jaw. It was tested on a group of healthy subjects and patients with TMJ clicking and found useful to record EMG activity and TMJ clicking in relation to opening degree and velocity of jaw movement in open-close cycles. PMID- 6962663 TI - The lingual angle of incisors. AB - A morphologic trait, not previously registered, on the incisor lingual surface: "The lingual angle of incisors", was studied in Norwegians. The lingual angle is the angle between the floor of the lingual fossa and the dental tubercle. Measurements of the lingual angle could be performed with sufficient accuracy. Deviations from normal distribution in skewness and kurtosis values did not affect statistical testing. The general similarity of the frequency polygons for all incisors in the way they were peaked and stepped is possibly due to participation of the same factors on the genetic level in the determination of the trait. The mean lingual angles were (in degrees): I1sup = 142, I2sup equal 156, I1inf = 153 and I2inf = 154. No significant bilateral asymmetry or sex differences were found. Correlations were high for both central to central and lateral to lateral incisors in both jaws, highest for centrals in the maxilla and laterals in the mandibula. Central to lateral correlations were relatively low, especially in the upper jaw. Interjaw correlations were low, but I1sup showed a tendency to be better correlated than I2sup to lower incisors. I2sup and I1inf were the most variable incisors in each jaw. The dental tubercle probably plays an important role in determining the lingual angle. Measurements of the lingual angle give information on the profile of the lingual surface in inciso-cervical direction. Statistical analysis of a phenotypic trait may give information on factors which determine the trait. PMID- 6962665 TI - Influence of osmolality and composition of some storage media on human periodontal ligament cells. AB - The effect of media with different osmolalities and compositions on cell viability and integrity of the cell membrane has been studied. Physiologic media, such as milk, saline and physiologic sucrose solution, preserved cell viability and membrane morphology equally well. The cell membrane of cells stored in saliva was more extensively damaged than the cell membrane of cells stored in a sucrose solution with an hypotonic osmolality similar to saliva. Thus a hypotonic osmolality seemed to potentiate the damaging effect of an unfavourable composition or a bacterial contamination of the storage media. PMID- 6962666 TI - Effect of occlusal disorder on the gingiva in rats with experimental arteriosclerosis. Enzyme histochemical and biochemical study. AB - This histochemical study showed that experimentally arteriosclerotic rats, subjected to an occlusal stress of six weeks' duration, showed an inflammation related increase of chloride-activated arginine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase activity in the basal cells of the gingival epithelium. The activity of chloride-activated arginine aminopeptidase and acid and alkaline phosphatase in the gingival connective tissue was slight and suggestive of chronic inflammation. Biochemical comparison of gingival specimens from the stressed and unstressed sides of the jaw in the experimental animals failed to reveal any difference in the rate of N-L-arginyl-2-naphthylamide hydrolysis induced by the C1-ion in connection with occlusal disorder. On the other hand, the mean value of the enzyme activity was lower in the experimental animals than the controls (p less than 0.5). The difference was assumed to be associated with degenerative tissue changes. The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate at acidic and alkaline pH in the gingiva was higher in the experimental animals than in the controls, and in the alkaline pH range the difference between the mean values was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). This finding, which may be associated not only with gingival inflammation but also with other tissue changes, requires further investigation. PMID- 6962667 TI - The relationship between past caries experience and tooth color determined by an opto-electronic method. AB - The susceptibility of a tooth to dental caries has been proposed to depend on tooth color. So far there has, however, been no reliable method for tooth color determination. The aims of this study were to evaluate the reliability of an opto electronic method and to examine the relationship between tooth color and past caries experience. The color of upper right central incisors of 64 school children was determined using an opto-electronic tri-stimulus color comparator. The intra- and interexaminer reliability of the method was evaluated in vitro and in vivo being 85% and 83%, respectively. To assess the past caries experience the DMFS-index was calculated. Oral hygiene and dietary habits were also assessed. No significant difference in DMFS scores was obtained between the 'white teeth' group and the 'yellow teeth' group. The conclusion is, that the practical importance of possible colorrelated differences in caries resistance is negligible due to the multifaceted nature of dental caries. PMID- 6962668 TI - An enzyme histochemical study of dental plaque and calculus. AB - The following investigation was undertaken to study the location in the dental plaque and calculus of certain enzyme activities and to compare the patterns obtained with those of the normal hard tissue formation. Supragingival and subgingival calculus attached to the root surfaces of 30 extracted teeth was studied. The root with its deposits was frozen rapidly in a mixture of hexane and solid CO2 (-75 degrees C). From the frozen block, sections were cut and incubated for histochemical demonstration of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. The plaque seemed to be stratified with regard to enzyme activity. Three different layers could be identified. In the basal layer, approximately 100 microns thick, enzyme activity was low. Lactate dehydrogenase activity could be identified in some sections, but no phosphatase activity. In the middle layer lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities were found in most of the sections. The superficial layer usually showed lactate dehydrogenase but not always acid or alkaline phosphatase activities. The results of the present investigation may suggest that the mineralization of the dental plaque is not only a passive mineralization of dead bacteria, but also an active process promoted by enzymes in the covering bacterial layers. PMID- 6962669 TI - Tryptophan deficiency stupor--a new psychiatric syndrome. PMID- 6962670 TI - Early mortality from ischaemic heart disease and the effect of mobile coronary care. PMID- 6962671 TI - Antibody-dependent and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and spontaneous lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity (SLMC) of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 12 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in an active clinical stage and of 15 ALL patients in bone marrow remission were studied on allogeneic and xenogeneic targets. Leukemic children with clinically active disease had low SLMC and ADCC activity while the PBMC of patients in remission exerted normal cytotoxicity as compared to the corresponding mean values of an age and sex matched healthy control group. PMID- 6962672 TI - A flow-through tissue culture system with fast dynamic response. PMID- 6962673 TI - Evaluation of a self-instructional program for continuing education in pharmacology. PMID- 6962675 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring of patients undergoing surgical removal of wisdom teeth utilizing general anesthesia. PMID- 6962674 TI - Hypoxia is one of the most serious perils encountered with anesthesia. PMID- 6962676 TI - Arrhythmias under general anesthesia in a patient with undiagnosed mitral valve prolapse: case report. PMID- 6962678 TI - The "new" technique for the mandibular nerve block. PMID- 6962677 TI - Hallucination and delirium reaction to intravenous diazepam administration: case report. PMID- 6962680 TI - Immunoglobulin D: structure and function. PMID- 6962679 TI - Psychology and the JCAH. Reflections on a decade of struggle. PMID- 6962681 TI - Genetic aspects of IgD expression: III. Functional implications of the sequence and organization of the C delta gene. PMID- 6962682 TI - Violation of symmetry in immunoglobulins: hybrid molecules on the surface of plasma cells. PMID- 6962683 TI - IgD: a component of the secretory immune system? PMID- 6962684 TI - Lipids and lipoproteins in chronic alcohol abuse. PMID- 6962686 TI - d-Amphetamine-induced anorexia and motor behavior after chronic treatment in rats: relationship with changes in the number of catecholamine receptor sites in the brain. AB - No tolerance to the anorectic activity of d-amphetamine was found in rats given two daily injections of 1.25 mg/kg for 28 days. Such rats also presented no changes in the number of binding sites for serotonin and catecholamines in various brain areas. A 28-day treatment with 10 mg/kg d-amphetamine twice daily caused a significant reduction in the number of binding sites for 3H dihydroalprenolol (beta adrenergic receptor ligand) in hippocampus, and 3H spiroperidol (dopamine receptor ligand) in striatum and nucleus accumbens. This treatment did not modify the anorectic effect of 1.25 mg/kg of amphetamine but it markedly reduced the motor hyperactivity induced by this treatment and completely blocked the stereotyped licking and biting induced by apomorphine. Amphetamine stereotypy was not significantly reduced but disappeared faster in chronically treated rats. The possible reasons for the different results (tolerance or sensitization) reported by various authors on changes in amphetamine's effects on motor behaviour during chronic treatment are discussed. PMID- 6962685 TI - [Changes in the spatial organization of DNA molecules induced by anthracycline antibiotics]. AB - The optical properties of the mesophases modeling the condensed state of cell DNA molecules formed from the complexes of 7-anthracycline antibiotics with double stranded low-molecular DNA and polynucleotides were studied. The parameters of the antibiotic binding to the DNA during formation of the mesophases (0.3 M NaCl, 150 mg/ml of polyethylene glycol) are presented. It was found that the CD mesophase spectrum formed from the complex of DNA-antibiotic was characterized by the presence of intensive negative bands in the region of absorption of the chromophores of both DNA and antibiotic. This is indicative of regular spiral organization of the DNA mesophase. Binding of the antibiotic to DNA and polynucleotides was accompanied by changing of the band negative mark (at definite levels of the DNA molecule filling with the antibiotic) in the CD mesophase spectrum to the positive one. It was shown that with respect to the mesophases formed from the complexes of DNA with iremycin and aclacinomycin A no changing in the band marks was observed. Consequently, antibiotics may be conditionally divided into 2 groups. The antibiotics of the first group induce changes in the spin direction of the DNA mesophase, while the antibiotics of the second group had no such effect. It was demonstrated that antibiotic binding with the AT-rich sequences induce more pronounced changes in the mesophase properties than that with the GC-rich sequences. Possible causes of the mark changing in the spin of the DNA mesophase during the DNA binding with antharcyclines are discussed. Biological significance of the phenomenon is still unclear. PMID- 6962688 TI - [Ultrastructure and interaction of normal killer cells from human blood and target cells sensitive to them]. AB - Morphological properties of cells possessing a natural cytotoxic activity obtained from blood of healthy persons have been studied, as well as the process of their interaction with sensitive target-cells (K-562). By means of electron microscopy, during incubation at 37 degrees C, appearance of specific morphological manifestations of cytolytic action of the effector-cells forming rather tight contacts with the target-cells (vacuolization of cytoplasm, ring form defects in plasmalemma, subsequent destruction of the target-cells) has been followed. Morphological features of cytotoxic leucocytes are similar to the morphological criteria specific for T gamma (T-lymphocytes possessing receptors for Fc-fragment of immunoglobulin G) and zero lymphocytes: a rather low nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, a well developed Golgi complex, a rather great amount of mitochondria. PMID- 6962687 TI - Calcium entry blocking action of yohimbine and its isomers. PMID- 6962690 TI - Cuspal failures of MOD restored teeth. AB - It is observed clinically that some years after MOD restoration of molar and premolar teeth, cuspal failures commonly occur. The period between restoration and failure is usually from eight to fifteen years. Evidence has been found, both from observations of fractured cusps and from a mathematical model of an idealized molar tooth, that allows a clear description of the mechanism of these slow failures. Suggested changes in clinical practice are recommended if such failures are to be prevented in the future. PMID- 6962689 TI - [Lesions of the lungs in children with acute leukemia]. AB - Investigation of the lungs of 65 children who died of acute leukemia, revealed pathological alterations in 39 of them. Specific leukemic infiltration of the lung parenchyma was found in 29.3%, but it did not play an important role in tanathogenesis. Pneumonias were diagnosed in 46.1% of the observations being the main cause of death in 23%. The inflammatory processes showed a marked tendency for spread because of low immunologic responsiveness of the patients and poor neutrophil reaction. Because of this, segmental pneumonias predominated in our observations, and in 5 cases total bilateral interstitial pneumonias had developed. Three of them were due to Pneumocystis carinii and two were drug pulmonitis. PMID- 6962691 TI - Oxytalan and elastic fibres in human salivary glands. A light microscopy study. PMID- 6962692 TI - The influence of various cavity bases on the micro-hardness of composites. AB - This study reports the effects of five commonly used bases on the hardness of three newer composite resins. The bases were a calcium hydroxide, a polycarboxylate, a ZOE, an EBA, and a glass ionomer cement. All bases except the calcium hydroxide caused reduction in the hardness of each composite, although for some base/composite combinations the reductions were not significant. Glass ionomer also caused considerable reduction in surface hardness and cannot be recommended for use as a base under composite resin restorations. PMID- 6962693 TI - Splinting for reimplantation and transplantation of teeth: a technique. PMID- 6962694 TI - Infant feeding patterns. AB - The feeding patterns of 437 infants, aged less than 1 month to 12 months, were studied by interview and questionnaire in 11 Maternal Child Health Centres of the Melbourne City Council. Ninety-nine mothers had never breast fed, 146 breast fed for less than 5 months. The major additives to formula, drinks and to dummies were a wide range of sweetening agents including sucrose, honey, syrups, and vitamin C preparations. Some mothers tasted the drinks and food to adjust to their own taste. Older mothers consumed less sugar themselves and gave less to the child. Lone mothers used more additives than married ones. With the introduction of solid foods, salt or salt-containing preparations increased to form 60 per cent of the additives used. There was a trend to more sweetened additives in some ethnic groups. Most mothers were aware of the dental hazards of sugar. PMID- 6962695 TI - Evaluation of 50 low and high copper amalgams according to Standards. AB - The content and rationale of Standards for Dental Amalgam Alloys are discussed. The properties of amalgams made from 50 alloys used in Australia were determined according to methods in the Standards and the results are presented to enable comparison between low and high copper amalgams. The limits for the physical tests are discussed in the light of the range of values obtained. In general, the high copper amalgams showed higher one hour compressive strengths, lower creep and plastic deformation than low copper amalgams. No difference in dimensional change was found. PMID- 6962696 TI - Criteria which may influence selection of dental students. AB - Academic qualifications are used as either the principal or the only criteria for selection of dental students. The view is often put forward that selection procedures should also identify and take into account those non-academic attributes which are considered to be predictive of the qualities which characterize a successful dentist. The aim of this study was to identify those qualities as assessed by students, dentists and patients and to consider their implications in relation to the selection procedures in Queensland. No major factors were found which could be used to improve the existing selection procedures. PMID- 6962697 TI - Compound composite odontome associated with a dentigerous cyst. PMID- 6962699 TI - Allergic reactions. PMID- 6962698 TI - Sex determination of Australian Aboriginal skulls by discriminant function analysis. PMID- 6962700 TI - School dental services. PMID- 6962701 TI - Infective endocarditis. PMID- 6962702 TI - Mendelson's syndrome. PMID- 6962703 TI - Future of dental practice. PMID- 6962704 TI - Coronary thrombolysis--the rational management of evolving myocardial infarction. PMID- 6962705 TI - Myocardium infarcting? PMID- 6962707 TI - Urinary coproporphyrin excretion in Rotor's syndrome: a family study. AB - A family of seven is described in which a teenage boy and two siblings were found to have Rotor's syndrome. Total urinary coproporphyrin excretion was found to be significantly elevated in the patients with Rotor's syndrome (mean 59 . 0 mumol/mol creatinine), when compared with control subjects (mean 16 . 3 mumol/mol creatinine) (p less than 0 . 005). Similarly, urinary excretion of both coproporphyrin isomer I and coproporphyrin isomer III was greater in the subjects with Rotor's syndrome than in controls (p less than 0 . 005). Coproporphyrin I comprised 60 . 2% of total urinary coproporphyrin excretion in the subjects with Rotor's syndrome, compared with 38 . 6% in the controls, but the difference was not significant. In the parents and clinically unaffected siblings neither total urinary coproporphyrin excretion (13 . 3 and 19 . 3 mumol/mol creatinine respectively) nor percentage coproporphyrin I excretion (36 . 8 and 30 . 4%) differed from controls. Thus, although we have confirmed the previous finding of increased urinary coproporphyrin excretion in subjects with Rotor's syndrome, we have not found the previously noted intermediate increase in coproporphyrin I excretion amongst phenotypically normal relatives of subjects with this autosomal recessive disorder. PMID- 6962706 TI - Thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer. AB - It is generally held that thyroid cancer is uncommonly associated with thyrotoxicosis. We report here nine patients with thyroid cancer amongst 720 patients with thyrotoxicosis. Three patients presented with features of malignancy together with thyrotoxicosis (Group A), one of whom had triiodothyronine (T3)-toxicosis. The remaining six patients were diagnosed following histological examination of tissues removed during subtotal thyroidectomies for hyperthyroidism (Group B). Two patients in Group A had follicular carcinoma; the rest were papillary in type. All the patients were rendered euthyroid initially, followed by ablative therapy for two patients in Group A and four patients in Group B. All but one are alive after one to nine years (mean of 3 . 4 years). The diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma is infrequently considered in the presence of thyrotoxicosis. The association is not clinically apparent in the majority of patients. The optimum management of such occult malignancies in thyrotoxicosis remains to be defined. PMID- 6962708 TI - The recognition and management of denial in patients after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6962709 TI - Long-term treatment with slow release oxprenolol alone, or in combination with other drugs: effects on blood pressure, lipoproteins and exercise performance. AB - Twenty-eight patients with mild essential hypertension were treated with placebo for six weeks and then with active medication for a further 32 weeks. Twelve patients were well-controlled with 160-320 mg/day of slow release oxprenolol alone, 12 required oxprenolol and chlorthalidone, and four also required hydrallazine. beta-adrenergic blockade reduced the basal level of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) by 41%. A sub-maximal exercise test reduced the level of FFA by 34% during placebo treatment. The same exercise test during beta-blockade reduced the already lowered basal FFA level by a further 45%. Only female subjects experienced exercise-induced leg fatigue during beta-blockade. They always had higher FFA levels than males, but the relative changes in FFA concentration were similar in both sexes. Exercise testing induced a 52 mmHg rise in systolic blood pressure, but this was reduced to only 14 mmHg during treatment. Patients controlled on oxprenolol alone showed no significant change in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. Those patients ultimately requiring combination drug therapy experienced a statistically significant rise in plasma triglycerides and a significant fall in high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The biological importance of these changes is uncertain. PMID- 6962710 TI - Focal seizures and systemic metabolic disorders. AB - Repetitive focal seizures were associated with hyperglycemia in three patients, and with hypoxia in another patient. Autopsy in one case and computed tomography (CT) scans in two patients failed to reveal relevant focal cerebral disease. Awareness of the occurrence of focal seizures in metabolic disorders, especially non-ketotic hyperglycemia, should be increased as early recognition is vital for successful treatment. Metabolic encephalopathies can cause focal seizures with or without underlying focal cerebral pathology. PMID- 6962712 TI - Asymptomatic osteolysis of ribs and clavicles in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 6962711 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis--a report of five cases. PMID- 6962713 TI - Acute renal failure due to interstitial nephritis resulting from radio-contrast agents. PMID- 6962714 TI - Unilateral alveolar consolidation with uneven pulmonary artery obstruction. PMID- 6962717 TI - Current concepts in gastrointestinal peptides: a physician's guide. AB - Gastrointestinal hormones were the subject of a review at The Royal Australasian College of Physicians meeting in 1973. Over the past nine years there has been such an explosion of knowledge about these peptides that even the experts in the field cannot keep up with the almost monthly discovery of either new peptides or new actions for old peptides. This paper will consider only four aspects of gastrointestinal hormones encompassing areas that are relatively new and reviewing the clinical usefulness of gastrointestinal hormones in practice. The areas which require consideration are: (i) How do we define a gastrointestinal hormone. (ii) Concept of brain-gut peptides and relationship of amphibian peptides to mammalian hormones. (iii) Of the plethora of peptides discovered, which have a defined role in normal physiology. (iv) When should a clinician ask for a gastrointestinal hormone estimate in clinical practice. PMID- 6962716 TI - Deficiency of the eighth component of complement and recurrent meningococcal disease: a case and family study. PMID- 6962715 TI - Venous thrombosis in haemoglobin H disease after splenectomy. AB - While venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are rare among the Chinese, two of nine patients with haemoglobin H disease developed these complications after splenectomy. The clinical data of the two patients were reported and the relevant literature reviewed. It was concluded that the persistent thrombocytosis and an intravascular haemolysis, particularly prominent in this form of thalassaemia, are contributory to the hypercoagulable state. PMID- 6962718 TI - Antimalarials in rheumatic diseases. AB - The use of antimalarials in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) has declined over recent years due to concern over retinal toxicity and the impression that this class of drugs is relatively ineffective in rheumatic diseases. Recent reviews suggest that this position should be changed. Firstly, there is now good evidence for the efficacy of these drugs in RA and secondly strict control of the daily dosage and careful ophthalmological surveillance can almost eliminate the risk of serious retinal toxicity. PMID- 6962719 TI - Complement deficiency and disease. PMID- 6962720 TI - Obesity and the sleep apnoea syndrome. PMID- 6962723 TI - Haemoptysis in pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with pulmonary hypertension: surgical dilemma. PMID- 6962722 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of the Hall Kaster mitral prosthesis. AB - To study the effect of the Hall Kaster prosthesis on left ventricular filling characteristics after mitral valve replacement, postoperative M-mode echocardiograms of the left ventricle from sixteen patients were digitized to determine the peak rate of dimension (D) increase of the left ventricle during diastole (peak dD/dt) and the rapid filling period (RFP). These were compared with fourteen normal controls, thirty patients with Starr Edwards and thirty patients with Bjork Shiley mitral prosthesis. Results suggest that the Hall Kaster mitral prosthesis is less obstructive than either the Starr Edwards or the Bjork Shiley prosthesis, and tends to approximate the normal mitral valve. PMID- 6962721 TI - Evaluation of a diabetes education programme. PMID- 6962724 TI - Chylomediastinum: an unusual complication after mitral valve replacement. PMID- 6962725 TI - The detection of deep venous thrombosis by impedance plethysmography in hip surgery patients. AB - Cuff impedance plethysmography has been performed on 120 patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery, all of whom have had venography. The low incidence of thrombosis (17.5%) precluded any accurate data on sensitivity, but specificity was 85%, positive accuracy 48%, negative accuracy 92% and validity 82%. There was a high false positive rate in the first postoperative week (40% of 25 negative venograms). The technique is of value for the exclusion of thrombi in such patients after the eighth postoperative day. Venography will still be required for the positive identification of thrombi in any research protocol. PMID- 6962727 TI - Abdominal aortic infection by a group C Streptococcus (S zooepidemicus). PMID- 6962726 TI - Aortocaval fistulae: an occasional cause of congestive cardiac failure. AB - Two atypical patients with spontaneous aortocaval fistulae with a successful outcome, are presented. Lack of physician awareness is considered an important contributor to diagnostic delay. A finding at cardiac catheterization is described. Review of the English literature shows that satisfactory results in the management of this condition can now be expected. PMID- 6962728 TI - Cystic degeneration of the popliteal artery. PMID- 6962729 TI - Traumatic aneurysm of the palmar arch: lemon squeezer's hand. PMID- 6962731 TI - An unusual breast lump: neurilemmoma. PMID- 6962730 TI - Arteriovenous fistulae of the superior thyroid artery. PMID- 6962732 TI - Multiple bilateral angiolipomas of the breast: a case report. AB - Angiolipoma, a benign mixed connective tissue tumour which is uncommon in the breast, may be confused clinically, radiologically and pathologically with malignant lesions. An unusual case of multiple, bilateral angiolipomas appearing synchronously and metachronously in the breasts of a 75 year old woman is presented. The apparent recurrent nature of these tumours is considered to result from a change in multiple, pre-existing but previously impalpable tumours in both breasts. PMID- 6962733 TI - Biases in the assessment of colorectal cancer screening programmes using hemoccult. AB - Many reports of screening programmes using the 'Hemoccult' faecal occult blood test have been published recently. Falsely optimistic results in such short term or nonexperimental studies can be caused by three biases of method: the lead-time bias, the length bias, and the volunteer bias. Their mechanisms, and methods for counteracting their effects are described. Literature biases that occur in papers written on this subject by enthusiasts are also described. Many apparently valuable screening tests have failed in the practical setting, so caution in the use of occult blood screening is urged until long term follow-up results are obtained from a trial currently being conducted in Minnesota. PMID- 6962736 TI - Alcohol education. PMID- 6962734 TI - Pleiotropic and other genetic effects influencing the activities of brain and liver enzymes in congenic lines of C57BL/6J mice with defined electrophoretic variant markers. AB - A single genetic factor may affect the realization of several enzymes. To investigate the extent of pattern pleiotropy in the mouse, the activities of 28 enzymes in livers and brains from an inbred stock of C57BL/6JNctr and five F1 stocks heterozygous for known electrophoretic variants were measured. Five congenic backcross stocks of C57BL/6J, each homozygous for one or more electrophoretic markers, were mated with C57BL/6JNctr to construct the heterozygous variant F1 stocks. One of the five F1 stocks had no enzyme activities significantly different from those of C57BL/6JNctr, while two had one enzyme, one had four enzymes, and another had six enzymes with activities that were significantly different from those of C57BL/6JNctr. The latter two F1 stocks with multiple activity differences were those having the largest proportion of their genome of donor origin. Two of the F1 stocks were different from each other for one enzyme, and two were different for another enzyme. These differences and the relationship of these enzyme activities to the variant genes suggest that several genetic factors may affect an enzyme's realization. PMID- 6962735 TI - Genetic variation and joint segregation of biochemical loci in the common meadow mushroom, Agaricus campestris. AB - In this paper we report the results of an electrophoretic examination of genetic variation in the common meadow mushroom, Agaricus campestris. An examination of variability at 10 biochemical loci in a single natural population revealed an average heterozygosity of 0.281. Mendelian segregation was verified for 13 loci in single-spore-derived lines from individual sporophores. One linkage was found (Gpt-2 with Pep-GL-1, r = 0.065) among 47 pairwise examinations for joint segregation. PMID- 6962737 TI - Public health aspects of international production, marketing and distribution of alcoholic beverages. Report of 'informal consultation' held by the World Health Organization (WHO Geneva), 10-12 June 1981. PMID- 6962738 TI - A comparative study of the amount of smoke absorbed from low yield ('less hazardous') cigarettes. Part 1: Non-invasive measures. PMID- 6962739 TI - Alcohol and violent crime re-examined: self-reports from two sub-groups of Scottish male prisoners. PMID- 6962740 TI - The Shetland Islands: drinking patterns in the community. PMID- 6962741 TI - Electron microscopic studies of the lattice image and "central dark line" of crystallites in sound and carious human dentin. PMID- 6962742 TI - [Taxonomy of the Streptococcus mutans based on colonial morphology]. PMID- 6962743 TI - [The effect of treatment position on total body fatigue as seen in eye fatigue in 50-year-olds]. PMID- 6962744 TI - [Statistical analyses of clinical observations on outpatients visiting the department of oral diagnosis, Josai Dental University Hospital (2)]. PMID- 6962746 TI - [A dental health examination of 1 year-6 months-old children]. PMID- 6962745 TI - [Mechanical analysis of tooth movement (II). The movement of an anterior tooth and a molar]. PMID- 6962747 TI - [Comparison of oral hygiene training between Japanese and American children in Chicago, U.S.A]. PMID- 6962749 TI - [A case report of congenital anodontia of the lower left lateral deciduous incisor and three supernumerary teeth in the mandibular incisor area]. PMID- 6962750 TI - [Observations on mandibular osteopathy in children - doubling time of the lesion]. PMID- 6962748 TI - Eight cases of odontogenic keratocyst. PMID- 6962751 TI - Reduction by cytoprotective agents of ethanol-induced damage to the rat gastric mucosa: a correlated morphological and physiological study. AB - Acute haemorrhagic erosions were produced in chambered gastric mucosae of rats by infusion into the chamber of 40% ethanol (v/v) for 10 min, followed by 50 mM HCl for 1 h. This procedure produced erosions which extended over nearly 70% of the glandular mucosa. When one of 2% ethanol, prostaglandin E2 (75 micrograms/kg in either 2% ethanol or in aqueous solution), or isoproterenol (50 micrograms/kg) was placed in the chamber for 10 min prior to infusion of 40% ethanol, the resultant lesions were significantly reduced in area (mean lesion area 25-31% of the glandular mucosa). When compared with the effects of 40% ethanol without pretreatment, there was no consistent correlation between pretreatment with these agents and changes in mucosal potential difference (PD) or net fluxes of Na+ and H+. All of the pretreatment groups did show a reduced loss of Cl from the chamber in the final 10-min period of the experiments. Exposure to the "protective" agents did not result in qualitative changes in mucosal structure at either the light or electron microscopic levels. Rather, the ultimate effect of pretreatment was to reduce the extent of deep mucosal vasocongestion. The reduction in lesion area could be directly related to these reductions in vasocongestion and not to any enhanced resistance of the luminal epithelium to the damaging effects of 40% ethanol. PMID- 6962752 TI - Chromosome banding patterns in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. AB - One hundred and nine patients with Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia were cytogenetically studied with banding methods. Seventy-eight patients were studied in the chronic phase and 39 patients in the blastic phase. The standard translocation was present in 107 cases. Two patients showed complex translocations involving chromosomes No. 6, 9, 22, 11 and No. 9, 22, 11, respectively. Ph1-negative cells were detected in 8 cases (7%). Chromosome aberrations in addition to the Ph1 chromosome were observed in 6 cases (8%) during the chronic phase. The karyotypic findings during the blastic phase were similar to those reported in the past [trisomy 8, iso(17q), and a second Ph1]. The significance of Ph1-negative cells, the geographic heterogeneity of the chromosomal aberrations, the effect of chemotherapy on the appearance of new clones, and the importance of the materials and methods used for the comparison of cytogenetic patterns at different laboratories are discussed. PMID- 6962753 TI - Cytogenetic studies of acute promyelocytic leukemia. AB - Translocation t(15;17) is reported in bone marrow cells from six of seven patients with active acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). One patient who showed t(15;17) at final relapse did not show it in directly prepared or cultured cells taken from a previous relapse. Bone marrow samples from two patients showed only cells with a normal karyotype in the direct preparation, whereas more than 60% of cells cultured for 24 hr showed t(15;17). R-Banding, G-banding, and an attempt at high-resolution banding indicated the break points t(15;17)(q24;21) for one of our patients. PMID- 6962754 TI - Missing Y clones in a patient with lymphoblastic leukemia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. PMID- 6962755 TI - Specific chromosomal abnormalities in acute monoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6962756 TI - Binding of tumor-promoting and biologically inactive phorbol esters to artificial membranes. AB - Multilamellar liposomes formed of phospholipids bind [20-3H(N)]-phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate, the dissociation constant and maximal binding being comparable to those found in fibroblasts or epidermal cells. The relative capacity of distinct phorbol esters to compete with the labeled ligand was similar to their relative tumor-promoting capacity. It is proposed that the specific binding of phorbol esters to biological material may be accounted for by their insertion in the phospholipid domain of membranes. PMID- 6962757 TI - Prostaglandin regulation of macrophage function: effect of endogenous and exogenous prostaglandins. PMID- 6962760 TI - [Studies on the sensitivity of oral streptococci to chlorhexidine hydrochloride]. PMID- 6962759 TI - Erythroleukaemia following treatment of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6962758 TI - Changes in lymphocyte sensitivity to prostaglandin E, histamine, hydrocortisone, and X irradiation with age: studies in a healthy elderly population. PMID- 6962761 TI - [Evolution of oral microflora and factors determining its composition]. PMID- 6962762 TI - [Treatment of carious defects during phonostimulatory anesthesia]. PMID- 6962763 TI - [Toxoplasmosis of the maxillofacial lymph nodes. Case description]. PMID- 6962764 TI - [Occlusodental disorders in relation to the midline plane in Polish children, established on the basis of the indices accepted by the International Study on the Effectiveness of Dental Care]. PMID- 6962765 TI - [Usefulness of photogrammetric methods in the diagnosis of facial asymmetry]. PMID- 6962766 TI - [Width of dental arches in complete distoclusion with protrusion of upper incisors]. PMID- 6962767 TI - [Appraisal of oral conditions in workers of the Widzew Textile Factory]. PMID- 6962768 TI - [Structure and ultrastructure of supernumerary midline teeth (mesiodens). Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies]. PMID- 6962769 TI - [Analysis of the copper content of tartar using atomic absorption spectroscopy]. PMID- 6962770 TI - [An evaluation test of the correlation between fluoride concentrations in saliva and tartar deposits]. PMID- 6962772 TI - [Use of the Rogowca tooth loss index in the evaluation of the masticatory system in workers at the Widzew Textile Machine Plant]. PMID- 6962771 TI - [Lysozyme activity in human saliva in dental caries]. PMID- 6962774 TI - [Craniofacial injuries in the Warsaw region]. PMID- 6962773 TI - [An evaluation test of the Neuron-3K for electroanalgesia of hard dental tissues. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6962775 TI - [Current views on the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and evaluation of late results in view of prolonging the periods of neuralgia remission]. PMID- 6962776 TI - [A rare case of trichinella spiralis isolated in the buccinator muscle]. PMID- 6962777 TI - [Evaluation of late results of mandibular osteosynthesis using intraoral and extraoral methods]. PMID- 6962778 TI - Designer genes for producing drugs: will they wash? PMID- 6962780 TI - Implementation of critical care standards. PMID- 6962779 TI - Phase I trial of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin with single i.v. doses. AB - Sixteen adult patients with a variety of solid tumors entered a phase I trial with 4-demethoxydaunorubicin, a new analogue of daunorubicin. The drug was given as a single i.v. dose of 5-18 mg/m2 repeated every 3-4 weeks. Myelosuppression, especially leucopenia, was dose-limiting. Other toxic effects included mild to moderate nausea and vomiting. The maximum tolerated dose for ambulatory treatment was 18 mg/m2, and 15 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks is proposed as a starting dose for phase II trials in solid tumors. PMID- 6962781 TI - [Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on temperature regulation in the rabbit]. AB - In unanesthetized rabbits, i.v. administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PgF2 alpha) evokes a slight hyperthermic response whereas its intrathalamic injection evokes rather obvious one. Its injection in anterior hypothalamus leads to a greater hyperthermic effect as compared with the posterior hypothalamus. PgF2 alpha seems to act both on chemical and physical mechanisms of the organism thermoregulative function. PMID- 6962782 TI - Unusually early and high rate of spontaneous occurrence of nonthymic leukemias in SL/Kh mice, a subline of SL strain. AB - Extremely early and high rate of spontaneous occurrence of nonthymic leukemias was observed in SL/Kh mice, a subline of SL mice. In a cohort of 68 females and 21 males, the cumulative incidence at 6 months of age was 88% in females and 48% in males, and at 12 months it was 100% in females and 94% in males. There were two types of leukemias with distinct in vivo homing behavior: the major type (72/86) proliferated in lymph nodes and the spleen, and the minor type (14/86) proliferated predominantly in the bone marrow cavity. In the minor type, paraplegia due to spinal compression by growing leukemia cells in vertebrae was a characteristic clinical manifestation and this was faithfully reproduced by intravenous injection of the leukemia cells from bone marrow. Both types of leukemias were histologically poorly differentiated lymphoblastic leukemias of null cell type, since none of 8 immunocytological and 4 cytochemical differentiation markers allowed either positive identification of their normal derivation or distinction between them. In contrast to AKR mice with a high incidence of thymic leukemias, spontaneous expression of xenotropic virus was observed not only in the thymus but also in the spleen and bone marrow. In addition to the high level of expression of eco- and xenotropic viruses, viruses with dual-tropic host range were isolated sporadically from preleukemic and leukemic lymphoid tissues. Possible factors determining the type of leukemias in SL/Kh mice are discussed. PMID- 6962783 TI - A novel monocytoid cultured cell line, P31/Fujioka, derived from acute monoblastic leukemia. AB - A novel cultured cell line, P31/Fujioka, of monocytoid nature was established from leukemic cells in the peripheral blood of a seven-year-old boy with acute monoblastic leukemia. The P31/Fujioka cells have abundant cytoplasm, an indented nucleus of monocytoid appearance, pseudopods detectable by electron microscopy and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity which is completely inhibited by NaF, but they have no peroxidase activity. Immunologically, the P31/Fujioka cells possess Fc gamma-receptor and phagocytic activity towards sensitized erythrocytes (oxEAIgG), and are reactive with various monoclonal antibodies such as OKM1, anti Mol, FMC10, FMC12 and OKI1. Chromosome analysis revealed the presence of marker chromosome 11q--due to Nos. 7; 11 translocation and No. 9 pericentric inversion. These findings indicate that the P31/Fujioka cells are derived from the patient's monoblastic leukemia cells and show a more distinct monocyte antigen than other known monocytoid cultured cell lines, U-937 and THP-1. The absence of Epstein Barr virus nuclear antigen of this line was confirmed. PMID- 6962787 TI - [Endodontic surgery]. PMID- 6962786 TI - Adverse reactions following methotrexate chemoprophylaxis in childhood lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6962784 TI - Biophysical studies on prostaglandins: molecular electrostatic potential distribution & interfragmental interaction in PGE1 & PGE2. PMID- 6962785 TI - Serological cross-reactivity of murine allo-anti-Ias antibody with the molecule on human antigen-presenting cells. AB - Murine allo-anti-IaS (A.TL anti-A.TH) antibody cross-reacted with human B-cells and antigen-presenting cells, while the antibody did not cross-react with human T cells, to be precise, PPD-specific proliferative T-cells. Furthermore, the murine allo-anti-IaS antibody could inhibit the PPD-specific responses of human PBL. Thus, the murine allo-anti-IaS antibody affixes on the Ia-like molecule of human antigen-presenting cells in PPD-specific responses. A genetic mapping study of the serological cross-reactive antibody, by absorbing with the spleen cells from B10.S(9R), A.TH, A.TL and SJL mice in order to determine the specificities for the I subregions of the H-2, revealed that the serological cross-reactivity with human PBL was caused by the anti-I-AS antibody. PMID- 6962788 TI - [Prevention of dental disease in Great Britain]. PMID- 6962790 TI - Screening test of anticancer drugs on human osteosarcoma heterotransplanted in nude mice. AB - Following amputation of a limb for osteosarcoma, the tumour was serially transferred to nude mice. The rate of growth was determined and the inhibitory effect of Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and 5-Fluorouracil was assessed in three separate experimental animal groups. In the tumour studied. Cyclophosphamide produced the greatest inhibition of tumour growth, mitotic index and cytokinetic studies. The technique may be helpful in screening the sensitivity of other types of human malignant tumour. PMID- 6962789 TI - Human osteogenic sarcoma. Study of the ultrastructure, with special notes on the localization of alkaline and acid phosphatase. AB - The morphology of 26 cases of osteogenic sarcoma was studied using electron microscopic techniques, and the localization of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity at the ultrastructural level elucidated. Four different cells were present in the tumours: osteoblast-like, fibroblast-like, chondroblast-like, and multinucleated giant cells. The osteoblast-like cell was present in most of the tumours studied. Acid phosphatase activity was present in lysosome-like structures of almost all the cell-types studied. Alkaline phosphatase activity was noted in or on the plasma membranes and associated vesicles of osteoblast like, fibroblast-like, and multinucleated giant cells. The abundant reaction product deposition of alkaline phosphatase as compared with the lower acid phosphatase activity is in agreement with the nature of this bone-forming tumour. The results of the histochemical studies have added to the understanding of the pathobiology of the different cells composing osteogenic sarcomas. PMID- 6962791 TI - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in early and late CNS changes due to antileukemia treatment in children. Preliminary report. AB - VEPs were examined in ALL patients in order to test their usefulness in the detection of early and late CNS changes due to combined cranial X-irradiation and chemotherapy. The results suggest that: a)in patients free from self limited somnolence syndrome and visual symptoms, the VEP latency may be increased, probably because of early subclinical CNS changes due to cranial irradiation. b)late CNS changes (detected by routine neurological examination, EEG and CAT) seem to be correlated with increased VEP latency, even in the absence of visual symptoms. PMID- 6962792 TI - Stress in dental practice. PMID- 6962793 TI - EEG correlates of hypnotically-revivified seizures. PMID- 6962794 TI - New anthracyclinone metabolites from two blocked mutants of Streptomyces galilaeus MA144-M1. AB - Two blocked mutants of the aclacinomycin-producing Streptomyces galilaeus MA144 M1 produced new anthraquinones and anthracyclinones. The mutant ANR-58 produced compounds 58A, 58B, 58C (7-deoxy-2-hydroxyaklavinone), 58D (2-hydroxyaklavinone) and 58WR. All these compounds have the 2-hydroxyl group. The mutant ANR-665 produced compounds 665A and 665B. The compounds 58A, 58B and 665A have an anthraquinone skeleton. PMID- 6962795 TI - A new inducer of anthracycline biosynthesis from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. PMID- 6962796 TI - Differential reinforcement of other behaviors to treat chronic rumination of mental retardates. AB - Food rumination is a maladaptive, life-threatening behavior observed among infants and institutional populations for the mentally retarded. Differential reinforcement of other behaviors (IRT greater than N) was experimentally studied as a method of reducing his behavior. Two mentally retarded clients emitted reduced rumination behaviors after implementation of the differential reinforcement procedure. PMID- 6962798 TI - Functional jaw orthopedics. PMID- 6962797 TI - Role of dental hygienists examined and defined. PMID- 6962799 TI - Occlusion and temporomandibular joint dysfunction: a review of their relationship. PMID- 6962800 TI - [Diseases of the mouth and lips]. PMID- 6962802 TI - [Management of infraversion]. PMID- 6962801 TI - [Characteristics and proper use of 4-META adhesive resins]. PMID- 6962803 TI - [Adverse effects of certain antibiotics]. PMID- 6962804 TI - [Physico-engineering tests on various alginate impression materials]. PMID- 6962807 TI - [Pain in dental patients and holistic medicine]. PMID- 6962805 TI - [Phenacetin -- toxic effects on the kidney and carcinogenesis]. PMID- 6962806 TI - [Cavity preparation for adhesive resin fillings]. PMID- 6962809 TI - [The effect of experimental tooth movement on root resorption in the maxillary molar teeth of rats]. PMID- 6962808 TI - [Role of oro-nasal function in growth of dento-facial construction]. PMID- 6962810 TI - [Spline functions for approximation and curve fitting of the dental arch]. PMID- 6962812 TI - [The study of bone resorption on the labial surface of symphysis due to chin cap treatment using the metallic pin implant methods]. PMID- 6962811 TI - [A statistical analysis and clinical evaluation of impacted upper central incisors]. PMID- 6962813 TI - [The self-perception of patients with malocclusion and the psychological effects of orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 6962814 TI - [Influence of orthodontic appliances on the development patients' personality]. PMID- 6962815 TI - [Position of temporomandibular joint (Ar) affecting facial features in subjects of normal occlusion]. PMID- 6962816 TI - [Experimental study on jaw reduction]. PMID- 6962817 TI - [The theoretical analysis on the tooth movement (II)]. PMID- 6962818 TI - [The application of the magnetic bracket to advance the orthodontic treatment system. The development of magnetic bracket]. PMID- 6962819 TI - [An orthodontic case report of congenital aglossia]. PMID- 6962820 TI - [Adjustments of FH-SN angle and ANB angle to cephalometric analysis of horizontal jaw relation]. PMID- 6962821 TI - [Computerization in orthodontics. Its usefulness and limits]. PMID- 6962822 TI - Global health care. PMID- 6962823 TI - Implantable oxygen microelectrode suitable for medium-term investigations of post surgical tissue hypoxia and changes in tumor tissue oxygenation produced by radiotherapy. AB - Teflon-covered platinum oxygen probes were used to monitor tissue oxygen levels in post-surgical cancer patients and those treated with radiotherapy. Progressive wound healing was usually accompanied by a decrease in tissue pO2. Radiotherapy produced a slight increase in pO2 while hyperthermia effected a significant increase in the oxygen level during 100% oxygen breathing. PMID- 6962824 TI - Personal experience with a combination of drugs in subjects with dopa resistant Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6962825 TI - Reversal of cyclophosphamide induced neutropenia by hypertransfusion and androgen therapy. AB - We injected 300 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide i.p. into female AKR mice and rendered them reversably neutropenic. Group A was hypertransfused; Group B received 5 mg Nandrolone decanoate i.m. q.d X 2; and Group C received both. Group D served as a control. White blood cell counts were followed every other day for 10 days. The nadirs seen on all groups appeared on day 5. At day 10 counts in Groups A, B, and D had returned to normal, while the pattern of granulocyte decline and recovery in Group C was significantly faster than that seen in other groups, returning to normal at day 8. Hypertransfusion and androgen administration together significantly ameliorated drug-induced leukopenia, suggesting synergism. Thus manipulation of the stem-cell compartment may be clinically feasible. PMID- 6962826 TI - Disparity of radioiodine and radiothallium concentrations in chronic thyroiditis. AB - Three cases of chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) presented with thyroid nodules, showed disparate uptakes of radioiodine and radiothallium. All patients were clinically euthyroid and had positive antithyroid antibody titers. On cytological and/or pathological examinations, they were consistent with chronic thyroiditis. PMID- 6962828 TI - Urolithiasis in childhood. AB - A complete evaluation of 1337 cases from a total of 1799 children seen with urinary tract stones was made. Factors known to be associated with this disease have been carefully documented. No definite conclusions as to the etiology of the disease could be drawn. However, malnutrition, lower socio-economic homes, sex (male:female = 5:1) and occurrence from a younger age were the most consistent predominant factors. PMID- 6962827 TI - Comparative distribution of Baker's antifolate (NSC 139105) in rat tissues after subcutaneous and intravenous injections. AB - The tissue distribution of BAF was compared by intravenous and subcutaneous injections in rats bearing Walker 256 carcinoma. Following a single dose (6 mg/kg containing 30 microCi 4,6-di-14C-BAF), the drug concentrations were determined by radiochemical and dihydrofolate reductase assays. The two methods gave comparable results. No metabolites were found by paper chromatographic separations. PMID- 6962829 TI - Report of the Executive Secretary, State Board for Nursing the State Education Department. PMID- 6962830 TI - Myths and realities about advocacy-clinical research-abuse. PMID- 6962831 TI - The game of parenthood. PMID- 6962832 TI - Self-determination: the right of a profession. PMID- 6962833 TI - Immunological cross-reactivities of various anthracycline antibiotics against aclacinomycin A antisera. AB - Aclacinomycin A (ACM) antisera were obtained from the rabbits immunized with 4"' deoxo-4"'-(R)-amino-ACM- or N,N-didemethyl-ACM-bovine serum albumin conjugate, and their immunoreactivities were tested with ACM-related anthracyclines. It was found that the binding ability with the ACM antisera was markedly decreased by the following structural changes in ACM: N,N-didemethylation of the rhodosamine moiety; 6-O- or 4-O-methylation; removal of the methoxycarbonyl group at C-10; hydroxylation at C-1, C-2 or C-11. It was less affected by some alterations in a side chain at C-9 or by deglycosidation of the terminal mono or disaccharide. The binding of the aglycone (aklavinone) was very weak. PMID- 6962834 TI - Should the public be kept informed on health matters? PMID- 6962835 TI - Harmony in diversity. PMID- 6962836 TI - An analysis of onsite versus offsite dental care for an institutionalized population. AB - The Job Corps is a program for disadvantaged youths between the ages of 16 and 22 in need of general education and vocational training. During fiscal 1978, 61 residential centers had a total enrollment of 33,732. Despite differences in size, location, and organizational structure of the centers, uniform requirements for health services have been established. The administration at each center must ensure emergency dental care, arrange for examination of all corps members, and make routine treatment available on a priority basis. Because of uniqueness of local situations, various mechanisms are used to accomplish these goals. The most fundamental difference is the provision of care by means of onsite clinics with salaried dentists as opposed to offsite arrangements with fee-for-service in private dental offices. An analysis of cost and utilization data for the 1978 FY indicated that onsite care ($96.19/CMY) was significantly more expensive than offsite care ($72.24/CMY). The difference in the mean number of visits, however, was also statistically significant. Onsite care resulted in 4.78 visits/CMY; corps members made 2.24 visits/CMY when offsite care was provided. Furthermore, even taking into consideration the initial expenses involved in establishing clinical facilities, the cost of an onsite visit, $22.30, was less than an offsite visit, $33.62. The cost and utilization patterns were the same at small centers as large centers. PMID- 6962837 TI - The preschool child's response to dental care when accompanied by day-care personnel. AB - The cooperative behavior of 93 preschool children during first visit to a dentist was studied in order to assess the effect of being accompanied by day-care personnel rather than their parents. Due to external constraints on the study design, there were imbalances with respect to various predictive factors between the groups. Correcting for these imbalances, no difference was found for the children who came with day-care personnel. Age and the ability to communicate verbally with the dentist (i.e., in English) were found to influence behavior significantly. PMID- 6962838 TI - The Illinois fluoridation case. PMID- 6962839 TI - American Association of Public Health Dentists. Position statement of Executive Council. Subject: "proposed revision of criteria for recognition of specialty areas of dental practice" by Council on Dental Education, Commission on Dental Accreditation. PMID- 6962840 TI - Reproductive endocrinology of domestic ruminants. Proceedings of a symposium, Leura, New South Wales Australia, February 1980. PMID- 6962841 TI - The early pregnancy factor of sheep and cattle. PMID- 6962842 TI - Control and induction of ovulation in cattle. AB - The control and induction of ovulation in cattle are discussed with particular reference to use of progesterone-impregnated coils in heifers and beef cows. Progesterone treatment for 14 days was required to obtain precise onset of oestrus. With 7, 9 or 12 days of progesterone treatment a luteolytic agent in the form of a prostaglandin (PG) or oestradiol benzoate had to be used. Fertility was normal after treatment durations of 7, 9 or 12 days, but fertility after 14-day treatment requires further testing. The progesterone coil was not effective in maintaining luteal-phase levels of progesterone throughout a 12-day treatment and increasing the concentration of progesterone in the coil from 4 to 20% was not effective in elevating the progesterone concentrations in blood. When progesterone concentrations dropped below approximately 1.5 ng/ml the basal level of LH began to rise before removal of the coil. A 2-fold rise in the basal level of LH was observed following the removal of the progesterone coil. This early rise in LH was absent in cows which did not ovulate after they were given a 12 day progesterone treatment and GnRH 24-36 h after removal of coils to induce the main LH peak. Absence of this early rise suggests that frequency and amplitude of episodic LH release were inadequate in the post-partum anovulatory period. Ovariectomy in the early post-partum period was not followed by an abrupt LH release. PMID- 6962843 TI - Role of melatonin and circadian rhythms in seasonal reproduction in rams. AB - In the ram, changes in daylength influence testicular activity by modifying the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and thus the gonadotrophins. To investigate the nature of this response the hourly fluctuations in the circulating levels of prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and melatonin were measured in rams kept under various artificial lighting conditions. In Exp. 1, 8 Soay rams (4 control and 4 from which the superior cervical ganglia had been removed) were exposed to alternating 16-week periods of short days (8L: 16D) and long days (16L: 8D) for over 2 years, and blood samples were collected hourly for 25 h on two occasions. The lighting regimen resulted in marked testicular and endocrine changes in the controls but not in the ganglionectomized rams which had low or undetectable levels of melatonin (less than or equal to 33 pg/ml) and an unusual diurnal rhythm in prolactin. In Exp. 2, 8 intact Soay rams were exposed to an ahemeral lighting regimen of 8L: 28D for 16 weeks; at the end of this period blood samples were collected hourly for 52 h and assayed for prolactin. During the pretreatment period of long days (16L: 8D), the testes became fully regressed. During the 16 weeks of 8L: 28D, redevelopment occurred, but the growth of the testes was slow compared to that normally occurring under short days of 8L: 16D. The prolactin profiles showed evidence of circadian rhythm in hormone secretion, with a correlation between the timing and duration of the rhythm and the degree of testicular development. These combined results support the idea that the photoperiodic response in the ram involves an interplay between the secretory activity of the pineal gland, and a light/dark entrained circadian mechanism in the brain. PMID- 6962844 TI - Plasma hormone concentrations associated with early embryo mortality in heifers. AB - Results of a detailed study involving 18 pregnant, 17 cyclic and 12 inseminated but non-pregnant Holstein heifers indicated the following. (1) Jugular plasma progesterone concentrations were higher (P less than 0.05) in pregnant than in cyclic or in inseminated--non-pregnant animals from Days 10 through 18. (2) Jugular plasma progesterone concentrations of inseminated--non-pregnant animals could be related to heifers in which (a) fertilization may not have occurred (N = 5); (b) embryonic death may have occurred between Days 6 and 9 (N = 5); and (c) embryo mortality may have occurred shortly before Day 18 (N = 2). (3) Jugular plasma oestradiol concentrations were higher (P less than 0.05) in pregnant than in cyclic animals between Days 10 and 18; the oestrogen values of the inseminated -non-pregnant animals resembled those of the pregnant animals. (4) The steroid synthesizing capabilities of incubated luteal tissues from inseminated--non pregnant heifers more closely resembled those of tissues from pregnant animals than those of cyclic animals. (5) At Day 18 PGF concentrations in endometrial and luteal tissues and ovarian arterial plasma did not differ among the 3 groups. (6) PGF and progesterone concentrations of luteal tissues were negatively correlated (r = -0.77, P less than 0.05) in cyclic animals and positively correlated (r = 0.73, P less than 0.05) in pregnant animals, implying a luteotrophic effect of PGF in pregnant animals. These results suggested a luteotrophic effect of the embryo, beginning as early as Day 10 of pregnancy, and the results of further experiments suggested that (i) homogenates and extracts of Day 18 bovine embryos contain one or more substances capable of stimulating progesterone synthesis in dispersed bovine luteal cell preparations; (ii) the luteotrophic activity was proportional to the protein contents of the embryo homogenates; and (iii) the luteotrophic activity was heat labile and was removed from homogenates by dialysis, indicating a structure of one or more relatively small molecules. PMID- 6962846 TI - Equine reproduction III. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Equine Reproduction. University of Sydney, January 1982. PMID- 6962845 TI - Immunological aspects of the endometrial cup reaction and the effect of xenogeneic pregnancy in horses and donkeys. PMID- 6962847 TI - Characteristics and fertility of stallion semen. AB - A study of stallion fertility was conducted on commercial studs in eastern Australia over 4 breeding seasons (1974/75-1977/78). Data from 47 stallions (66 stallion seasons) aged 2-26 years and representing 7 breeds and 1664 mares were used to relate seminal characteristics to fertility. Percentage pregnancies per service was the most sensitive measure of fertility with stallions on commercial studs. Breed and age of stallion, breeding season and the referral status of the stallion ('suspect' or 'normal') had significant (P less than 0.01) effects on fertility. The semen characteristics that were clearly associated with percentage pregnancies per service were: total volume, gel-free volume, sperm concentration, total numbers of spermatozoa and total number of live spermatozoa. Approximate threshold levels for these characteristics are presented which could provide a diagnostic basis for the classification of stallions as being suitable or doubtful for breeding purposes. PMID- 6962848 TI - Genetics of Standardbred stallion reproductive performance. AB - Reproductive performance of 10 Standardbred stallions was related to the probability that the embryo resulting from a given mating would be heterozygous for transferrin or plasma esterase. Fertility, measured by foaling rate per insemination or by foaling rate per year, showed a highly significant regression on the probability of offspring heterozygosity for transferrin and, to lesser extent, for esterase. Substantial differences between stallions in the slope of the regression line and no deficiency of foals homozygous for either protein suggests that the relationship to fertility is indirect, probably a reflection of the amount of outcrossing between lines within the breed. An example of the potential impact of maximizing the probability of foal transferrin heterozygosity on the productivity of an actual farm is presented. PMID- 6962849 TI - Factors affecting phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils in the mare's uterus. AB - Ten mares, 5 resistant and 5 susceptible to bacterial endometritis, were examined for differences pertaining to the efficiency of phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils in the uterus. An assay for chemiluminescence was used to evaluate various schemes of opsonization and relate them to phagocytic rate. 123I-labelled albumin was used to measure protein migration to the inoculated uterus. Neutrophil numbers moving to the uterine lumen were determined. Before inoculation resistant mares were found to have substances in their uterine secretions that opsonized bacteria, resulting in effective phagocytosis. In contrast, uterine contents of susceptible mares were not effective in opsonization. The addition of serum to uterine washings significantly enhanced opsonization of bacteria in both groups. In response to intrauterine challenge with pathogenic streptococci, no differences were observed between resistant and susceptible mares in the migration of serum protein or neutrophil numbers to the site of contamination. Following inoculation, the ability of the uterine contents to opsonize bacteria was similar between groups. Clinical observations after inoculation confirmed that mares were resistant or susceptible to endometritis. PMID- 6962850 TI - Effect of ovarian hormones on the phagocytic response of ovariectomized mares. AB - The reaction between ovarian hormones and experimental uterine infection (Streptococcus zooepidemicus) was investigated in 3 groups, each containing 6 ovariectomized mares. Group 1 served as controls ('anoestrus'), Group 2 mares were injected with oestrogen ('oestrus') and Group 3 with progesterone ('dioestrus') over a period of 5 weeks. All mares received an intrauterine inoculation of the bacteria 1 week after the start of hormonal treatment, and the results of the challenge were examined by endometrial biopsy and swabs once weekly. At the end of Week 1 no bacteria were recovered from the mares in Group 2. Group 1 mares were free of bacteria at the end of Week 2 but all Group 3 mares remained infected at least for the total period examined. Streptococcal phagocytosis was quantitated by chemiluminescence. Before the challenge inoculation, phagocytosis was not significantly different in the 3 groups of mares. Bacterial cultures were negative for all three groups. However, within 48 h after infection, there was a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in phagocytosis in Group 2 and a significant suppression (P less than 0.05) in Group 3 mares. Patterns of streptococcal clearance from the uterus closely paralleled the changes in the magnitude of chemiluminescence response. The results suggest that ovarian hormonal status can modulate the phagocytic response in episodes of streptococcal-induced endometritus in mares. PMID- 6962851 TI - Endometrial change in the annual reproductive cycle of the mare. AB - Cervical and endometrial swabs were taken from 7 mares at various stages of the oestrous cycle. There was no consistent pattern of cell change throughout the cycle. The dominant cell in smears from normal mares was the columnar epithelial cell, especially in smears obtained during oestrus. A ciliated columnar epithelial cell was found much less frequently but appeared more often in smears before oestrus. Endometrial biopsies were also collected from 7 mares at intervals 2-3 weeks over an 8-month period from the beginning of spring to the end of autumn. There was no obvious change in the endometrial histology during this time. No evidence of acute or chronic inflammatory change was found in sequential biopsies. The inflammatory response to a single endometrial biopsy and subsequent endometrial biopsies, as measured by exfoliative cytology 48 h after biopsy, was minimal. Bacteria were recovered after aerobic culture of cervical swabs on more occasions 48 h after than before uterine biopsy, but they were considered not to be significant. PMID- 6962852 TI - Results of concurrent bacteriological and cytological examinations of the endometrium of mares in routine stud farm practice 1978-1981. AB - The results of 4024 concurrent endometrial swab and smear tests taken from maiden, barren and post-parturient mares during early oestrus, before coitus demonstrated the practical value of these tests in routine stud farm practice. The use of cytological examinations provided a more direct diagnostic test for acute endometritis and this increased the accuracy of interpretation of the bacteriological findings. PMID- 6962853 TI - Recovery of contagious equine metritis organisms and development of lesions in experimental infection of mares. AB - Twenty-three of 24 mares were infected experimentally with contagious equine metritis organisms by intrauterine inoculation, and killed 2-116 days later. From mares killed within 14 days after infection the organism could be recovered from many sites in the uterus, and most sites in the cervix, a few sites in the vagina and oviduct and from one clitoral sinus. At this time the endometrial folds were swollen and there were 10-20 ml of fluid in the uterus. In mares killed after 14 days, the organism was recovered from the ovarian surface (1 mare), oviduct (4 mares), uterus (2 mares) and the clitoral sinus (3 mares). Severe diffuse endometritis and cervicitis was initially acute, and became more severe subacute and predominantly plasmacytic by 14 days, then declined but persisted throughout the experiment. PMID- 6962854 TI - Control of the oestrous cycle in mares with altrenogest. AB - The clinical effectiveness of the synthetic progestagen, altrenogest, was evaluated in field trials with 449 mares during the 1980 breeding season. An oral dose of 27 mg altrenogest was administered daily for 15 days. In the first trial treated mares were compared with controls, and in the second trial the effectiveness of treatment for prolonged or erratic spring oestrus was evaluated. Oestrus was suppressed in 94% of the treated mares in the first trial. The post treatment response was related to the stage during the transition from winter anoestrus to the spring breeding season and degree of ovarian activity when mares were treated. In mares treated during the early transition period (before 15 March), the mean diameter of the largest follicle was about 1.4 cm. There were no differences (P greater than 0.05) in the duration of oestrus or interval to conception between treated (13.0, 41 days) and control (16.6, 39 days) mares. In mares treated after 15 March (late transition period), the mean diameter of the largest follicle was about 2.1 cm and the duration of oestrus and interval to conception was less (P less than 0.05) in treated (7.7, 28 days) than in control (12.1, 40 days) mares. The duration of oestrus and interval to conception was also less (P less than 0.05) for mares treated during the late transition period than in those treated early. More (P less than 0.05) mares treated during the late transition period (75%) exhibited regular post-treatment oestrous cycles than did controls (57%) or mares treated during the early transition period (55%). The mean interval to oestrus after treatment was 4.4 days. There were no differences in pregnancy rates among any of the groups. In the second trial, 78% of the mares had exhibited oestrus for 9-30 days before treatment. All mares returned to oestrus within 10 days after altrenogest treatment: 56% conceived within 18 days and 80% within 45 days. PMID- 6962855 TI - Some characteristics of common abnormal forms of spermatozoa in highly fertile stallions. PMID- 6962856 TI - Control of ovulation in mares in the early breeding season with ovarian steroids and prostaglandin. AB - Two trials were conducted to (1) determine the degree of control of ovulation achieved by treating mares in late winter with progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta combined after prior exposure to an artificially increased photoperiod, and (2) to examine the effectiveness of such a procedure incorporated into equine breeding farm management systems. Following a 15-day treatment of 150 mg progesterone and 10 mg oestradiol-17 beta daily with 10 mg PGF-2 alpha on the last day of steroid treatment, 27 of 31 mares ovulated on Days 8-14 after the last injection in one trial. Conception rate for mares mated during that period was 77%, compared with 50% in untreated mares mated at first oestrus following the treatment period. In a second, larger field trial involving the same treatment for a 10-day period, 103 of 128 mares ovulated on Days 9-16 after the last injection and 62% of the mares mated on those days conceived. These results indicate that the combined steroid treatment provided reasonably precise and practical control of ovulation time in mares adequately stimulated by increased photoperiod without detrimental effect on fertility. PMID- 6962857 TI - Changes in equine follicular aromatase activity during transition from winter anoestrus. AB - Follicular aromatase activity during sexual resurgence after the winter anoestrus was investigated in 3 groups of 5 Pony mares. Group ET was studied during the early transition period, Group LT in late transition and Group C in full breeding condition. Granulosa and theca cells were incubated for 3 h with 3H-labelled androstenedione or progesterone. Analysis of the free oestrogenic products was by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and recrystallization revealed highly variable oestrogen production in both cell types from mares in all 3 groups. Only oestrone and oestradiol peaks were found in the chromatographs. Conversion of androstenedione to oestrogens was greater than that of progesterone. Granulosa cells were more active than were thecal cells in converting precursors to oestrogens. The oestrone: oestradiol ratio varied between groups; Group ET mares had a lower ratio, possibly due to increased oestradiol production. The 3H activity in the water-soluble phase after initial extraction of ether-soluble materials varied during early transition and thereafter increased as transition progressed. This activity was significantly higher in incubations of granulosa cells with androstenedione. Although individual follicle variation in oestrogen production rates prevented the comparison of absolute conversion rates among the 3 groups, the change in oestrone: oestradiol ratio and the change in water-soluble materials suggest a qualitative change in follicular oestrogen production and perhaps overall steroid metabolism during the transition period. PMID- 6962858 TI - Glucocorticoid suppression of oestrus, follicles, LH and ovulation in the mare. AB - Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, was administered (30 mg/day) from Day 10 after ovulation to assess the involvement of the adrenal glands in the ovulatory cycle. Only 1 of 8 mares treated in this way exhibited behavioural oestrus, compared to 7 of 8 control mares. Mean maximum LH concentration and follicle size were significantly reduced. Ovulation occurred in 1 and possibly in 2 other treated mares, compared to all 8 control mares. The results demonstrated that dexamethasone can interfere with ovulation and associated events in the mare, but the mechanism of action is uncertain. PMID- 6962860 TI - Ovarian activity in the mare between latitude 15 degrees and 22 degrees N. AB - Ovarian activity, as measured by the presence of small (10-15 mm diam.), medium (15-30 mm) and large (greater than 30 mm) follicles, corpora haemorrhagica and corpora lutea (CL), was determined in a total of 3584 ovaries during 1 year using post-mortem specimens. There were significant correlations of the incidence of ovulated follicles (ovulations), large and medium follicles (P less than 0 . 001) and of the mean number of small follicles (P less than 0 . 05) per mare with respect to season. The yearly averages of ovulated, large and medium follicles were 30 . 1, 13 . 9 and 73 . 9%, respectively, and the mean number of small follicles per mare was 2 . 0. The mean incidence of inactive ovaries throughout the year was 21 . 2%. The adjusted sinusoidal curves remained above their own yearly average from April to October (ovulations), March to September (large follicles), February to September (medium follicles) and January to July (small follicles), and below its yearly average from March to September (inactive ovaries). The mean incidence of multiple ovulations was 11 . 9%. No significant differences were found between the activities of the right and left ovaries. It was concluded that the mare shows a seasonal reproductive pattern near the equator in the northern tropical zone. PMID- 6962859 TI - Radioimmunoassay and in-vitro bioassay of serum LH throughout the equine oestrous cycle. AB - Mares were bled once daily throughout a cycle, or 3 times daily from the first day of oestrus to the 2nd day after ovulation. LH was measured by heterologous radioimmunoassay and by an in-vitro bioassay based on LH-stimulated testosterone production by mouse Leydig cells. The patterns of bio- and immuno-active LH during the oestrous cycle were similar but not identical, so that in both groups of mares the ratio of biological: immunological (B:I) activity during the LH surge was significantly higher before than after ovulation (P less than 0 . 001). Considerable individual variation in cycle mean B:I ratio, and extent and duration of the peri-ovulatory change in ratio was observed. While the similarity between bio- and immuno-assay LH profiles indicates that the RIA system used can provide useful measurements of LH in the normal cycle, the significant differences between the two profiles suggest that there are circumstances in which RIA alone may not give adequate information on the level of LH stimulation at target tissues. These changes in B:I ratio during the LH surge suggest qualitative differences in the circulating molecule which may be physiologically important in the control of ovulation. The in-vitro bioassay appears to be a useful method to study the biological role of LH in the mare and investigate the roles of the various forms of this polymorphic hormone. PMID- 6962861 TI - Influence of photoperiod on puberty in the female pony. AB - Thirteen 6-8 month-old fillies were assigned to 3 treatment groups: Group 1 had a 16-h fixed daily photoperiod (16L:8D, N = 4), Group 2 a daily photoperiod equivalent to ambient daylength (control, N = 5), and Group 3 a 9-h fixed daily photoperiod (9L:15D, N = 4). The light treatments extended from 17 December to 9 August. Hair shedding occurred first in Group 1 followed by Group 2, then Group 3. The proportions of fillies with 1 or more ovulations (puberty) by the end of the project were 2/4, 5/5, 2/4 in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The hypothesis that a fixed daily photoperiod which corresponded to maximum daylength at the summer solstice in temperate zones (16 h) would hasten puberty was not supported. Instead, the 16-h light treatment interfered with the attainment of puberty, as indicated by the reduced proportion of fillies ovulating, reduced numbers of ovulations, luteal bodies, and oestrous periods/filly, the extended intervals from the beginning of the project to the first ovulatory oestrus and the shorter period of oestrus. Hair coat changes were dissociated from changes in reproductive activity in Group 1. Puberty also appeared to be retarded in Group 3, but the results were less pronounced than those for Group 1. PMID- 6962862 TI - Sperm producing capacity of Arab and native horses in Egypt. PMID- 6962863 TI - Effects of pinealectomy in Pony mares. AB - When mares were pinealectomized in summer or in winter there was no difference in the annual ovulation date of these animals and of pineal-intact controls during the first post-operative breeding season but in the second season the ovulation date of the winter pinealectomized mares was significantly delayed, suggesting a long-term but clear pineal involvement in seasonal reproductive patterns. Exposure of pinealectomized mares to a stimulatory photoperiod failed to advance the average date of first annual ovulation and was similar to that of intact mares receiving no stimulatory lighting. The results indicate that pinealectomy blocks the ability to respond to photostimulation. In intact mares plasma melatonin concentrations were significantly increased during darkness (P less than 0 . 003) but pinealectomized mares demonstrated no significant time trends. PMID- 6962864 TI - Melatonin rhythms in Pony mares and foals. AB - Melatonin concentrations in intact (N = 3) and sham-operated (N = 3) mares during March were greater (P less than 0 . 05) during the night than during the day, but this pattern was not seen in 3 mares from which the superior cervical ganglia had been removed bilaterally. When 4 Pony mares were exposed to a photoperiod of 10L:14D for 3 weeks and then to continuous darkness (0L:24D) for another 3 weeks, melatonin levels were greater (P less than 0 . 05) at the end of the 0L:24D period than during the earlier period and still displayed rhythmic fluctuations but were no longer co-ordinated with equivalent day/night rhythms or among mares. When melatonin rhythms were monitored in 3 mares and their foals housed in open pens exposed to natural lighting, significant time trends in melatonin concentrations were observed in mares when the foals were aged 1-3, 4-6 and 7-11 weeks, but foals did not display significant times trends in melatonin until they were 7-11 weeks old. PMID- 6962865 TI - Antibodies to the zona pellucida in mares. AB - Cross-reactivity tests indicated that the equine zona pellucida shares common antigen(s) with porcine zona. Porcine oocytes were therefore used to test for the presence of zona antibodies in the sera of horses. Serum samples were collected from 65 mares infertile for unexplained causes: 7 mares were strongly positive for antibodies reactive to porcine zona pellucida as determined by an indirect immunofluorescence method. Of these 7 mares, aged 8-23 years, 2 were nulliparous and 5 were multiparous. Zona-covered horse oocytes were treated with sera from 4 mares previously identified as zona positive and 1 zona negative mare. The zona reaction was identical when porcine zona-coated oocytes were treated with the same sera. In a second group of mares, no zona antibodies could be detected in 20 mares greater than or equal to 20 years of age or in 20 mares less than or equal to 10 years of age. PMID- 6962866 TI - Inhibition of sperm binding to porcine ova by antibodies to equine zonae pellucidae. AB - Sera and follicular fluid from mares previously determined as having antibodies to the zona pellucida were exposed to porcine ovarian oocytes before insemination with boar spermatozoa in vitro. There was a dramatic decline in the number of spermatozoa bound to zonae compared to treatments with sera and follicular fluid from mares negative for zona antibodies. These data suggest that antibodies reactive with the zona pellucida may be responsible for reduced or even complete infertility in some mares. In a group of 50 randomly selected mares tested for antizona antibodies, 2 pregnant mares were found to be positive, one at 60 and the other at 90 days of gestation. The duration of zona antibodies was determined in 3 mares previously identified as zona positive. All were sampled at weekly intervals for at least 6 months. There was considerable variance in the presence of zona antibodies throughout the sampling period, suggesting that the presence of zona antibodies in mares does not necessarily correlate with their oestrous cycles. The periodic absence of detectable zona-reactive antibodies in zona positive mares suggests that multiple sampling may be required to eliminate the possibility of false negatives. PMID- 6962867 TI - Transmission electron microscopy of horse embryos 3-16 days after ovulation. AB - The 23 embryos were obtained by flushing the reproductive tract. Though the general cytology was observed, most attention was given to the formation of the embryonic capsule. It first appeared as a thin uniform layer on the inner surface of the zona pellucida of embryos recovered from the uterus on Day 6. By Day 8 the capsule was about 1 micron thick and the zona pellucida had been shed. In fixed embryos of 11 days and over the capsule was 3 microns thick and had a finely stippled but otherwise homogeneous appearance. PMID- 6962868 TI - Partial characterization of the equine uteroferrin-like protein. PMID- 6962869 TI - Effect of pregnancy and collection technique on prostaglandin F in the uterine lumen of Pony mares. AB - Uterine flushings were obtained through the cervix (Method A) and through the wall of the uterus after hysterectomy (Method B) of ovariectomized Pony mares after s.c. injection of oestrogen for 1 week and progesterone for 2 weeks (Exp. 1). Non-pregnant and pregnant mares were flushed by Method A on Day 14 after ovulation and the flushings compared with those of non-pregnant mares injected i.v. with flunixen meglumine, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, shortly before flushing (Exp. 3). Uterine flushings were also collected by Methods A and B from non-pregnant and pregnant Pony mares on Day 14. Endometrial and embryonic tissues from these mares were incubated with and without flunixen meglumine (Exp. 3). In all experiments, pregnancy had a significant effect on PGF content of uterine flushings or incubation media. Flushings from pregnant mares had reduced levels of PGF and were not influenced by collection technique (Exps 1 & 3). Non pregnant Pony mares treated with progesterone responded to cervical stimulation (Method A) with an increase in intrauterine PGF over levels measured after hysterectomy (Method B) (Exps 1, 2 & 3). There was no effect on endometrial production of PGF in vitro by any tissue combination in a 2 h incubation in Krebs Ringer-bicarbonate buffer but after 12 h incubation in Minimum Essential Medium endometrial PGF production was significantly higher when the endometria were from pregnant mares than from non-pregnant mares. PGF production in vitro was significantly suppressed by flunixen meglumine, by yolk sac membranes, and yolk sac and trophoblast, but not by trophoblast alone. The low intrauterine PGF levels in pregnant mares and the low in-vitro PGF production in the presence of the conceptus membranes may reflect inhibition of PGF synthesis and/or release by the embryo. PMID- 6962870 TI - Studies on oestrogen synthesis by the preimplantation equine conceptus. AB - Aromatase activity measured by the incorporation of [3H]androstenedione into unconjugated and conjugated oestrogens was detectable in the equine conceptus during early pregnancy. Activity was substantially higher in yolk sac compared to allantochorion between Days 20 and 52 after ovulation. Oestrone sulphate concentrations in yolk-sac fluid measured by radioimmunoassay increased markedly to reach values of about 3 micrograms/ml at Day 36, approximately 10-fold higher than those in allantoic fluid. Extra-embryonic membranes in a 28-day conceptus all contained aromatase (chorionic girdle greater than trilaminar omphalopleure greater than bilaminar omphalopleure greater than allantochorion), implying that the enzyme complex was present in trophoblast and/or endoderm rather than mesoderm. Aromatase activity in chorionic girdle cells was low before their migration into the endometrium. Endometrial tissue contained substantial sulphotransferase and glucuronidase activity. The ability of the preimplantation equine conceptus to synthesize oestrogens was strikingly similar to that found previously in the pig; in both species the allantochorionic placenta is non invasive. PMID- 6962871 TI - Influence of bacterial products on the motility of stallion spermatozoa. AB - Sterile filtrates were prepared from equine isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (genitalium), Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Streptococcus equisimilis, Actinobacillus equuli, and Corynebacterium equi and mixed individually with extended stallion semen. When diluted in the extended semen the filtrates represented bacterial populations of 0.5 x 10(6), 1 x 10(6), 2 x 10(6) and 4 x 10(6) cells/ml. pH values were recorded for each filtrate. Specimens were monitored for percentage motile spermatozoa at 30-min intervals until they reached 10% or less for 2 consecutive observations. All specimens were maintained at 25 degrees C in a water bath. Ten specimens were examined from each of 5 clinically normal stallions. The major reduction in percentage motile spermatozoa as compared to the control sample occurred before the first observation. From this point the rate of deterioration in motility in the filtrates approximated that of the control. The differences detected between the filtrates and control in percentage motile sperm cells were all statistically significant at P less than 0.01. PMID- 6962872 TI - Maternal anti-fetal cytotoxic antibody responses of equids during pregnancy. AB - The maternal immunological response to the developing equine fetus was investigated in 69 pregnancies of various genotypes. In normal intraspecies horse pregnancy (N = 16), 94% of mares produced strong cytotoxic antibody responses to paternal histocompatibility antigens which were first detectable between 44 and 70 days after ovulation. In all other types of pregnancy examined (intraspecies donkey, N = 19; interspecies mule, N = 6; interspecies hinny, N = 2; extraspecies horse-in-donkey, N = 3; and extraspecies donkey-in-horse, N = 21), antibody production was observed less frequently, and sometimes with a more irregular onset. However, the dominant pattern of response was similar to that observed in intraspecies horse pregnancy. Although the development of cytotoxic antibody correlated well with the formation of the equine endometrial cups, histological and serological evidence demonstrated that the accumulation of lymphocytes which occurs around the endometrial cups in intra- and interspecies pregnancies, and in the endometrial stroma in contact with trophoblast in extraspecies donkey-in horse pregnancies which lack endometrial cups, can occur in the absence of a detectable cytotoxic antibody response. The cytotoxic antibody produced by mares carrying extraspecies donkey conceptuses appeared to be directed primarily against donkey alloantigens, and not species-specific antigens, emphasizing the importance of maternal recognition of paternally derived fetal histocompatibility antigens during equine pregnancy. PMID- 6962873 TI - Experiments in the freezing and storage of equine embryos. PMID- 6962874 TI - Some aspects of equine embryo transfer. AB - The number of successful embryo recoveries was 56.0% in experimental mares with no history of breeding problems but in barren mares only 34.3% of embryo recovery attempts were successful. When a recovery attempt was successful, the incidence of twin embryos was 10.7% in experimental mares and 16.7% in barren mares. Maintenance of embryos in vitro for greater than 6 h before non-surgical transfer significantly reduced pregnancy rates compared to maintenance for less than 3 h. The pregnancy rate in recipients at 100 days after ovulation was lower (P less than 0.05) than those at 24 and 30 days after ovulation. PMID- 6962875 TI - Factors affecting reproductive efficiency in an equine embryo transfer programme. PMID- 6962876 TI - Ovarian response, pregnancy rate, and incidence of multiple fetuses in mares treated with an equine pituitary extract. AB - The ability of a pituitary extract to induce ovulation and the effect of multiple ovulations on pregnancy rate and incidence of multiple fetuses were studied in seasonally anovulatory mares. The extract induced ovulation in 95% of mares having a greater than or equal to 25 mm follicle at the onset of treatment and in 64% the ovulations were multiple. The extract was less effective when the largest initial follicle was less than 25 mm. Approximately 50% of the treated mares that ovulated did not become pregnant or enter prolonged dioestrus before returning to an anovulatory condition. In treated mares with one ovulation the pregnancy rate (33%) was lower than in controls (60%) and was further reduced in mares with greater than 2 ovulations. There was a pronounced discrepancy between the number of palpated conceptuses and number of palpated ovulations. Only one conceptus and one fetus was found on Days 28 and 50, respectively, in every pregnant mare (11 treated, 1 control) in which multiple ovulations were palpated. PMID- 6962877 TI - Ultrasonic echography in the mare. AB - Ultrasonic echography in the mare allows pregnancy diagnosis as early as Day 14 after ovulation. In the 1980 and 1981 breeding seasons, a total of 7438 examinations of 4688 mares were performed on several farms with the same apparatus. The accuracy of positive pregnancy diagnosis was estimated to be greater than 95% and of non-pregnancy diagnosis greater than 84%. When abnormal pictures of vesicles are found, it has to be decided whether it is a conceptus or a cystic structure. Most small vesicles do not develop, whereas large ones, deformed shapes, presence of some echoes, or a division inside the vesicle most often represent a growing conceptus or sometimes twins. Twinning rate in early pregnancy (before Day 30) lies between 2.6 and 2.8%. Twins are suspected when there are 2 vesicles of equal size (observed successively rather than simultaneously) (50-60% are confirmed), unequal size (less than 9%) or one oversized vesicle (23%), one of an irregular shape (5%) or a divided vesicle (33%). No effect of the month of mating on the rate of twin conceptions was found. Early pregnancy loss (between mean Days 23 and 43) was estimated at 5.3% and total embryonic loss (early and late) at 9%. Rate of embryonic death increased in proportion to the interval between the two successive diagnoses. No critical period of early mortality or effect of the reproductive status on embryonic or fetal mortality was found. PMID- 6962878 TI - Use of ultrasound echography for early diagnosis of single and twin pregnancy in the mare. AB - In 1981 a trial was conducted on 6 Newmarket Thoroughbred stud farms into the use of real-time ultrasound echography (scanning) as an aid to the early diagnosis of pregnancy in the mare. The procedure was found to be practicable and interpretation of the findings was relatively straightforward. Pregnancy was positively diagnosed from as early as 14 days after ovulation and a number of twin pregnancies were recognized, some in which the conceptuses were situated in separate horns of the uterus but an almost equal number in which the conceptuses were together in the same horn. It was concluded that the technique of scanning will become an established part of stud-farm practice because it enables early identification of non-pregnancy and also of twin pregnancy before the critical stage of endometrial cup formation. PMID- 6962879 TI - Transuterine migration of the fetus in the mare between day 42 and parturition. AB - A total of 2187 Thoroughbred and Standardbred mares was examined over a 4-year period to determine the location of the fetus at 42 days, the location of the previous fetus as determined by examination 5-15 days after foaling, and pregnancy location the next season. Maiden mares showed 44 and 56% of pregnancies in the left and right horns respectively. No transuterine migration was observed in 139 maiden mares examined after their first foal. Lactating mares showed 62% implantations and full-term pregnancies on one side of the uterus with the next season's pregnancy being in the opposite uterine horn. No ready explanation could be found for 19% of the group which showed unilateral location of pregnancy at all 3 examinations. Evidence of transuterine migration after pregnancy examination at Day 42 was found in 18%. Further, in 50% of these mares, the placental cord was attached to the entrance of the non-pregnant horn. Mares that had a fetus in the same horn in two consecutive seasons had a significantly higher rate of abortion (P less than 0.01) when compared to mares with a fetus in the opposite horn the next season. PMID- 6962880 TI - Termination of twin gestation by blastocyst crush in the broodmare. AB - Manual crushing of one blastocyst performed on 181 bicornuate twin pregnancies between Days 24 and 45 has shown that the uncrushed blastocyst can either survive and develop normally to full term or may be rejected and resorbed like its crushed twin, depending mainly on the stage of pregnancy. Crushing, which causes rupture of fetal membranes, results in a rapid fall in the survival rate of the uncrushed blastocyst when performed after Day 31. In some mares rupture is not possible after Day 35 even if extreme pressure is used. Crushed, but unruptured, blastocysts mainly between Days 35 and 45 may (a) resorb as does the uncrushed twin (60%) (b) resorb without loss of the uncrushed twin (20%) or (c) survive, as does the uncrushed twin, even when several attempts on alternate days are made to destroy the blastocyst (20%). At no stage of pregnancy is the uncrushed embryo resorbed unless the crushed twin is destroyed. The rejection and resorption of the uncrushed twin is not due to transference of pressure, but presumably to physiological processes involving prostaglandin. Mefenamic acid appears to increase survival rates especially when crushing is performed after 31 days, although the twin of apparently successful crushings at this stage may be lost between Days 50 and 70. PMID- 6962881 TI - Reduction of early twin pregnancy to single pregnancy in the mare by dietetic means. PMID- 6962882 TI - Fetal loss and the effect of stress on plasma progestagen levels in pregnant Thoroughbred mares. AB - The depressing effect on plasma progestagen levels of pregnant mares subjected to specific stressful conditions such as severe pain, infectious diseases, emotional disturbances and exogenous corticosteroids are described. It is concluded that the detrimental effect of stress, evident from its negative influence on plasma progestagen concentrations, could play a major role in the occurrence of pregnancy failure in the Thoroughbred mare. PMID- 6962884 TI - Problems of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia in foals. PMID- 6962883 TI - Progestagen therapy of ovariectomized pregnant mares. PMID- 6962885 TI - Experimental Corynebacterium equi infection in mice. AB - When normal mice are challenged intravenously with Corynebacterium equi, the organisms are generally cleared from the liver, spleen and lung after an initial increase in numbers in these tissues. Viable organisms can still be recovered from the liver and spleen 5 weeks after challenge. The animals show no sign of infection even when tissue counts exceed 1 X 10(7). In-vivo growth rates of C. equi are similar when the challenge inoculum is 6 h and 21 h old. In-vitro growth temperature does not affect the pattern of in-vivo growth and clearance. There was no evidence of systemic involvement when 6 X 10(7) and 7 X 10(7) organisms were administered orally and subcutaneously, respectively. Following intranasal challenge with 1.5 X 10(6) organisms mice can clear the lungs within 4 weeks, but when challenged with 10 times this number of organisms, the clearance rate is slowed markedly and pneumonia results. Administration of carrageenan before bacterial challenge reduces clearance rates from the tissues but does not affect mortality rates. Cyclophosphamide treatment with C. equi infection converts a non lethal challenge into a fatal infection and impairs clearance from the tissues. PMID- 6962886 TI - Fertility of frozen equine semen. AB - Semen of 16 stallions collected by the fractionated method and frozen in liquid nitrogen was used to inseminate 175 mares of different ages and in various reproductive conditions. Pregnancy was recorded in 91 mares of which 72 delivered a foal. Pregnancy followed by resorption occurred in another 10 mares and 9 aborted. The best results were obtained in the young primiparous and in older mares inseminated in the oestrous cycle that followed the post-partum oestrus. Overall, 64% of mares became pregnant and 56% gave birth to a living foal. The highest occurrence of fetal death and resorption were recorded in mares inseminated in the first post-partum oestrus. PMID- 6962888 TI - Is Rhodococcus equi a soil organism? AB - A total of 189 isolates of Rhodococcus equi and related organisms and 16 marker strains representing the genera Rhodococcus and Corynebacterium were screened for 160 unit characters in a numerical taxonomic study. Analysis of the data indicated that R. equi forms a relatively homogeneous cluster distinctly separated from the recognized species of Rhodococcus and Corynebacterium (sensu stricto). Other members of the genus Rhodococcus are soil organisms and R. equi appears to fit into the genus on ecological as well as taxonomic grounds. It seems unlikely that R. equi could be a gastrointestinal tract commensal because unlike members of the latter group it is an obligate aerobe with an optimum temperature requirement of 28-30 degrees C. It is capable of utilizing simple organic compounds as sources of carbon or carbon and nitrogen and is sensitive to bile salts. Furthermore, it appears that isolation of R. equi from the gut contents of animals is dependent on those animals having access to grazing. Taxonomic studies (backed-up by ecological studies) support the concept that R. equi is a soil organism. PMID- 6962887 TI - Epidemiological and bacteriological studies of Corynebacterium equi isolates from Californian farms. AB - Soil samples were collected from 6 horse breeding establishments in California and cultured for Corynebacterium equi. Only 3 of the farms had a history of the occurrence of pneumonia caused by C. equi. One farm had experienced an outbreak in 5 out of 6 foals just before soil sampling. Soil isolates were identified as C. equi on the basis of physical and biochemical characteristics found to be consistent with isolates of equine origin. C. equi was found in many soil samples within endemic areas where greatest concentrations were obtained in places accessible to horses. On non-endemic farms, only areas frequently inhabited by affected foals contained the organism. Pharyngeal, vaginal and faecal cultures from the dams of 4 affected foals were negative for C. equi. PMID- 6962889 TI - The interaction of Corynebacterium equi and equine alveolar macrophages in vitro. AB - The in-vitro interaction of Corynebacterium equi and foal alveolar macrophages was examined qualitatively and quantitatively using cells collected by sequential bronchoalveolar lavage at 2-week intervals from birth until 14 weeks of age. Total and differential counts were performed on the recovered cells. Macrophages were identified using the non-specific esterase strain. Cultures of the alveolar macrophages were challenged with C. equi suspensions and the process and extent of ingestion was examined by light and electron microscopy. Few macrophages were recovered from the lungs of foals less than 20 days old. The numbers increased with age in a biphasic pattern. The majority of the recovered cells were alveolar macrophages. Foal alveolar macrophages were capable of significant ingestion of C. equi only in the presence of immune serum. The ingestion of C. equi by foal alveolar macrophages was confirmed by electron microscopy. PMID- 6962890 TI - Immunity to and immunotherapy for Rhodococcus equi. AB - Immune responses to Rhodococcus equi were assayed in mares and foals on 7 studs in south-eastern Australia using skin test reactivity to the intradermal injection of culture filtrate and an indirect fluorescent antibody test. The prevalence of positive skin-test reactions did not differ between studs with a history of R. equi disease and those without but there were more mares with high antibody titres on studs with a disease history. A leucocyte extract prepared from mares that were skin-test positive was evaluated for its ability to protect foals exposed to experimental or natural challenge: 2 foals receiving leucocyte extract became skin-test positive and had resolving lesions present at post mortem examination. All foals challenged experimentally developed serum antibody but only in those that became skin-test positive were the lesions resolving. In a field trial of leucocyte extract, using 450 foals over 2 foaling seasons, no significant difference was detected in morbidity or mortality rates between treatment and control groups. It is suggested that, since R. equi is so ubiquitous and most horses show immunological evidence of exposure, the development of clinical disease may be related to individual inability to cope with this organism. This may be due to inherited immunological unresponsiveness or to environmental factors which increase the challenge or decrease resistance. PMID- 6962891 TI - The concept of readiness for birth. PMID- 6962892 TI - Uterine prostaglandin F metabolite production in relation to glucose availability in late pregnancy and a possible influence of diet on time of delivery in the mare. AB - The production of uterine PGFM during different dietary states has been investigated in pregnant mares in late gestation. Arterial and uterine venous plasma concentrations of PGFM rose when food was withdrawn for 12-30 h and the V A difference widened significantly. There was an inverse correlation between the rise in PGFM and the fall in plasma glucose during a fast, and a significant decrease in the A-V plasma glucose differences across the uterus. Plasma PGFM and free fatty acid concentrations before and during food withdrawal were also correlated but no uterine A-V difference in free fatty acids could be detected. An immediate fall in uterine PGFM levels occurred upon refeeding or infusion of glucose, which was more closely correlated with the rise in plasma glucose than the fall in free fatty acids, both of which occurred after restoration of nutrient. No detectable alterations in uterine blood flow occurred during a fast/feed cycle and hence A-V or V-A differences across the uterus gave an indication of uptake or output. PGFM production increased 5 times during a fast and glucose uptake decreased by about 70%. Basal levels were restored by 1-3 h after feeding or glucose infusion. Daily fluctuations in plasma PGFM concentrations were closely associated with the time of the morning feed of concentrates. The overnight rise in PGFM was greatest in late gestation. Five of the 8 mares delivered prematurely within 1 week of the last period of food withdrawal. Attention is drawn to the consequences of inadequate or intermittent feeding on premature delivery. PMID- 6962893 TI - Effect of number and frequency of inseminations on fertility of mares. AB - Data from 257 normally cyclic mares used in trials over a 10-year period were examined to establish the relationship between the number of inseminations per cycle, duration of oestrus and pregnancy rate. Mares that became pregnant were inseminated more (P less than 0.05) frequently per cycle than mares that did not become pregnant (3.4 versus 2.8). First-cycle pregnancy rates of 22.2, 34.0, 38.6, 52.5, 58.3 and 52.2% were attained when mares were inseminated 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 or more times per cycle, respectively. The duration of oestrus in mares that became pregnancy was longer (P less than 0.01) than in those that did not conceive (7.9 versus 6.4 days). Studies of 64 mares in the transitional season showed that first-cycle pregnancy rates for mares in which oestrus lasted less than 10, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 20, greater than or equal to 30 and greater than 40 days were 56.2, 76.2, 76.5, 77.3 and 88.9%, respectively. Overall pregnancy rates (after 3 cycles) were lower (P less than 0.05) for mares that had an initial oestrus of less than 10 days. Mares were inseminated every other day of oestrus with 100 X 10(6) progressively motile spermatozoa. First-cycle pregnancy rates were 64.3, 75.0 and 75.0% for mares inseminated 1-4, 5-10 and greater than or equal to 12 times per cycle, respectively. Fewer (P less than 0.05) mares became pregnant after 3 cycles when inseminated 1-4 times per cycle than did mares inseminated greater than or equal to 12 times per cycle (51.3 versus 75.0%). Numerous inseminations per cycle of mares with extended oestrus were not detrimental to fertility. PMID- 6962896 TI - Observations on vascular accidents in the central nervous system of neonatal foals. AB - A technique for the subarachnoid perfusion-fixation of the central nervous system was developed to help identify various significant vascular accidents (SVAs) in the central nervous system (CNS) of 24 neonatal foals submitted for necropsy. SVAs, comprising subarachnoid, parenchymal and nerve root haemorrhages, and oedema and necrosis, occurred in 17 foals, more frequently in the spinal cord than the brain. They occurred as frequently in premature foals as in those born at full term, in foals born dead as in foals born alive, and in foals born following dystocia with an assisted delivery as in foals born unassisted. Eight of the live foals showed neurological signs. Those with syndromes of cerebral disease tended to have brain SVAs, whilst all 3 with signs of spinal cord disease had SVAs restricted to the spinal cord. No association between the SVAs and other specific disease processes was detected in these foals although 2 premature foals born dead with equine herpesvirus-1 infection did have spinal cord SVAs only. A similar distribution of brain and/or spinal cord SVAs was detected in the foals born dead as in the live foals, but the lesions were more severe. It is concluded that the birth process itself may be a major factor in the development of SVAs and that some affected foals may exhibit a syndrome referable to spinal cord involvement. PMID- 6962895 TI - Chemical composition of the spinal cord in the normal developing fetus and in the premature foal. AB - The lipid content of spinal cord, expressed as a percentage of adult values, was considerably higher for newborn foals than for several other species and traces of esterified cholesterol (type A) were only rarely present in horse fetal cord (from 270 days gestational age onwards). This suggested that, at birth, the spinal cord is neurochemically more 'mature' in the horse than in cattle, sheep and pigs. Data for premature foals revealed no lipid abnormality suggestive of myelin immaturity or degeneration. PMID- 6962894 TI - Haematological changes in the neonatal period of normal and induced premature foals. PMID- 6962897 TI - Electron microscopy of the ventricular lining associated with the hypothalamus and median eminence of prepubertal female horses. AB - Scanning electron microscopy showed that cells in the infundibular recess of prepubertal female horses were devoid of cilia and sparsely covered with stubby microvilli and small blebs, whereas superior ventricular areas were covered with cilia. Ciliated ependymal cells in supraoptic-suprachiasmatic areas were associated with extensive blebbing, and folded tissue adjacent to the inferior borders of the mamillary body displayed distinct bands of cilia regularly interrupted by areas of sparsely ciliated cells which appeared to be undergoing ciliogenesis. Arcuate ependymal areas had well developed basal tanycyte processes separated by large intercellular spaces. Basal tanycyte processes usually terminated as encapsulating processes around supendymal nerve endings or fibre bundles. The end feet of tanycyte processes encapsulating nerve terminations contained granules and vesicles similar to those found in the neurone, suggesting leaching of neuropeptides from this area of the hypothalamus into CSF. Secretion of substances into CSF was also suggested by scanning electron microscopy observations of blebbing on the apical surfaces of cells. Undeveloped apical microvilli suggest that transport of substances from the CSF to central endocrine tissues and vasculature is probably minimal in prepubertal female horses. However, the ultrastructural observations do suggest that substances may be transferred from the hypothalamic nuclei into the CSF. PMID- 6962898 TI - Ultrastructural study of the development of the pars distalis (anterior pituitary) in the foal. AB - The pituitary glands of 4 horse embryos (41-55 days of gestation) were examined by light microscopy, and the pars distalis from 10 fetal foals (75-300 days) was examined by electron microscopy. At Day 41 the development of Rathke's pouch and the saccus infundibuli was advanced; the former had almost lost its connection with the stomodaeum and the latter had started to differentiate into infundibular process and infundibular stalk. By Day 43 Rathke's pouch was completely dissociated from the stomodaeum and its walls were beginning to show uneven growth. The ventral wall of the pouch, the future pars distalis, exhibited the most growth. The growth of this wall was extensive by Day 55: the region consisted of cell cords surrounded by blood vessels. From Day 75 the epithelial cells of the pars distalis were arranged into clusters. The cells were a mixture of secretory and non-secretory folliculo-stellate cells. As gestation progressed the clusters grew larger and the granulation increased within individual secretory cells. Mammotrophs were the most abundant and readily identifiable of the secretory cell types; they showed signs of intense activity throughout pregnancy. Corticotrophs were also observed in the earliest fetus examined. Somatotrophs and gonadotrophs could not be differentiated before Day 250 of gestation. The study suggests that secretory cells of the fetal foal pars distalis may be active in the production and secretion of hormones throughout the major part of pregnancy. PMID- 6962900 TI - An investigation of sperm migration into the oviducts of the mare. AB - A total of 23 mares were inseminated once within 0-6 h after clinical detection of ovulation, 14 with fresh and 9 with deep-frozen semen containing 0.1 x 10(9) to 4.7 x 10(9) motile spermatozoa. Within these two groups, the mares were slaughtered 2, 4 or 6 h after insemination and their genital tracts removed. The utero-tubal junction, isthmus and ampulla ipsilateral to the ovary in which ovulation occurred were flushed separately for sperm recovery. In 1 or 2 mares of each group, the uterine horn and corpus uteri, the cervix and vagina were also flushed. Tissue samples were collected from the contralateral oviduct and the other genital regions and prepared for scanning electron microscopy to show spermatozoa distribution in situ. Flushings were also prepared for scanning electron microscopy. There were no significant differences in the extent of sperm migration and in the number of spermatozoa in the different regions of the oviduct 2, 4 or 6 h after insemination of fresh or frozen semen. There was, however, a striking difference in sperm number within the time intervals examined; the numbers were greatest at 4 h after insemination. SEM of spermatozoa in the various regions of the oviducts failed to indicate any alterations to the sperm-head membranes that could be associated with sperm capacitation. The majority of spermatozoa found in the uterotubal junction, isthmus and ampulla showed morphological integrity. PMID- 6962899 TI - Some aspects of tissue maturation in fetal and perinatal foals. AB - Collagen, elastin and structural glycoprotein content of the lungs of 38 fetal and neonatal foals, 8 of which were showing dysmaturity or convulsive syndrome, were measured by standard biochemical means. Glycoprotein content showed little or no change between 100 and 340 days of gestation; elastin remained constant from 100 to about 260 days when there was an exponential increase up to the time of birth, while collagen content rose linearly from 100 days to birth. In dysmature animals there was significantly less collagen in the lungs at birth but the difference in elastin content between the two groups was not statistically significant. There was no clear distinction between glycoprotein content of the dysmature and normal animals. Histological studies indicated that the lung of the fetal horse matures early and in the last third of pregnancy the adult pattern of blood vessels and trabeculae had already appeared. The reduced collagen content in the dysmature foals might be associated with anomalies of collagen synthesis and cross-linking. These could weaken the structure of the lungs and blood vessels and lead to haemorrhages, especially those in the central nervous system, which are a feature of the dysmature syndrome. PMID- 6962901 TI - A comparison of agents for inducing parturition in mares in the pre-viable and premature periods of gestation. AB - Various regimens of prostaglandins, alone or followed by oxytocin, were given to induce parturition in mares during the pre-viable and premature periods of gestation and in near-term mares. The most successful method of induction was found to be 2 i.m. injections of 500 micrograms fluprostenol (Equimate: I.C.I.) at a 2-h interval followed (if necessary) by 10-20 i.u. oxytocin injected i.v. in 5 i.u. serial increments every 15-20 min. Peak concentrations of the prostaglandin metabolite (PGFM) in response to the inducing agents were shown to be associated with delivery at, but not before, 320 days of gestation. A radiolabelled study of [14C]fluprostenol distribution showed that fluprostenol was present in placenta, amnion, allantoic and amniotic fluid, and in foal plasma and liver. PMID- 6962902 TI - Relaxin activity in foaling mares. AB - Plasma relaxin concentrations were measured hourly by radio immunoassay in 4 pregnant mares from 11 days before until 4 days after natural foaling. Pre-partum levels ranged from 4 to 7 ng/ml without any surge until the second stage of labour when they increased rapidly to about 11 ng/ml. In 3 of these mares, relaxin activity declined immediately after the expulsion of the placenta and was below detectable levels within 36 h. In the other mare relaxin activity did not fall until after the mechanical removal of the placenta 7 h after foaling. Eight mares were induced to foal by the administration of oxytocin. In 5 out of 6 mares induced with a single i.v. injection of 40 i.u. plasma relaxin increased following injection and peaked at 17 ng/ml shortly after foaling and expulsion of placenta. Activity then rapidly declined. In the 6th mare, which retained the placenta, relaxin activity did not decrease after foaling. Administration of more oxytocin to this mare after foaling resulted in a further increase in plasma relaxin activity, but oxytocin treatment of other mares after placental delivery failed to elicit a similar increase. In the 7th mare 2 i.v. injections of 40 i.u. oxytocin induced a relaxin concentration of 34 ng/ml whereas in the remaining mare one i.m. injection of 40 i.u. oxytocin led to a relaxin profile similar to that in naturally foaling mares. Oxytocin may therefore be responsible for the increased secretion rate of relaxin at foaling. These data support the concept that the placenta is the sole significant source of relaxin in the pregnant mare. PMID- 6962903 TI - Patterns of stallion sexual behaviour in the absence of mares. AB - In the first experiment the response of 93 adult stallions to stimulated and natural sexual stimuli was observed just before and 2 weeks after the breeding season (December and July respectively). About 72% of the stallions reacted the same before and after the breeding season (P less than 0.01) while 9% behaved similarly and 19% differently. Also, 72% of the stallions reacted with sexual arousal (mounting) to one of 3 successive simulated sexual stimuli; 25% to a dummy, an additional 44% to a gentle stallion and another 3% to a dummy smeared with mucus and urine from a mare in oestrus. In another experiment, the sexual behaviour of 4 young stallions and 3 older stallions was observed while they were in the stable. Erection was observed an average of 7.4 times in 24 h, a full erection 3.8 times and attempts to masturbate 4.1 times. Complete masturbation with ejaculation was only sporadically noted. The total time of erection averaged 38 min/24 h. The peak of erection time occurred in the morning and the low point during the night and at 05:00-08:00 h. No significant differences were found between the young and older stallions; differences occurred only between individual stallions. PMID- 6962904 TI - Breeding behaviour of a stallion at pasture with 20 mares in synchronized oestrus. AB - A 6-year-old stallion was placed in a pasture for 9 days with 20 mares in which oestrus was synchronized with two treatments of PGF-2 alpha given 15 days apart. Breeding and observation began 3 days after the second treatment. Observations were carried out during the daylight hours (05:00 to 21:30 h). Eighteen mares showed oestrus and mated an average of 4.56 times each (range 1-12). There were 1.74 mounts per mating. The maximum number of matings by the stallion during 1 day was 16 on Day 2. The overall mean interval between matings was 72.8 min, ranging from 34.5 min on Day 1 to 128.7 on Day 6. The mares were mated at irregular intervals during oestrus but 16 of 18 (88.9%) mares mated at least once during the 3 days preceding the last day of oestrus. Only 5 mares mated on the last day of oestrus. Of the 20 mares, 17 (85%) were pregnant when examined 38 days after the end of the experiment. The results suggest that a stallion will indulge in significantly more mating activity at pasture than is currently expected with hand mating and still achieve a high first oestrus conception rate. PMID- 6962906 TI - Social organization of feral horses. AB - The basic social unit in feral horses is the family group consisting of one stallion, one to a few unrelated mares and their foals. Surplus stallions associate in bachelor groups. Stallions are instrumental in bringing mares together in a unit which then persists even without a stallion. The similarity of social organization in populations living in a variety of different habitats indicates that feral horses have reverted to the habits of their wild ancestors, and that domestication has had no influence on this basic behavioural feature. PMID- 6962905 TI - Androgens, behaviour and fertility control in feral stallions. AB - This field study of feral stallions in Montana and Idaho examines and correlates the seasonal pattern of plasma androgens and specific sociosexual behaviour and reports the effect of a long-acting androgenic steroid on this behaviour and on fertility. Plasma testosterone was measured by competitive protein binding assay in samples obtained by jugular venepuncture from captured animals. In samples taken from 34 sexually mature stallions in 6 different months during the year, a definite seasonal pattern in testosterone was present, with a peak in May (3.04 +/- 0.63 ng/ml) and a nadir in December (1.55 +/- 0.34 ng/ml). Values were less than 2.0 ng/ml in non-breeding months and greater than 2.4 ng/ml in breeding months. Behavioural endpoints measured were (1) stallion scent marking in response to elimination by mares (elimination marking), (2) mounting and (3) copulation. The frequencies of each of these endpoints followed closely the seasonal pattern seen for plasma androgens. In the fertility study microcapsulated testosterone propionate (microTP) was administered i.m. to 10 harem stud stallions 3 months before the 1980 breeding season. In these stallions and in 10 control harem studs, the above behavioural endpoints were examined in the 1980 and 1981 breeding seasons, and foal counts were made in 1981. There were no direct inhibitory or stimulatory effects of microTP treatment on any of the behavioural endpoints in either year. In 1981 foals were produced in 87.5% of the control bands and 28.4% of the microTP-treated bands. These results indicate that microencapsulated testosterone propionate can provide effective fertility control in feral horses without causing significant alterations in sociosexual behaviour. PMID- 6962907 TI - The repeatability of seminal characteristics of stallions. AB - Fifteen seminal characteristics were measured in ejaculates from 4 laboratory stallions and from 164 commercial stud stallions. Complete field and laboratory data were available from 536 and 531 ejaculates, respectively. These were obtained over 4 breeding seasons (1974/75-1977/78) and 9 breeds were represented. Stallions at commercial studs produced 1-13 ejaculates at intervals of approximately 4 weeks and ranging from 1 h to 1 year apart. Intra-class correlations or 'repeatability' of each seminal characteristic were calculated. Significant between-stallion variation occurred in all characteristics except for pH of gel-free semen. Low repeatabilities (less than 0.3) were estimated for gel free volume, pH of gel-free semen and the percentage of abnormal mid-pieces. Moderate repeatabilities (0.3 to 0.6) occurred for total volume, gel volume, motility, percentage of dead spermatozoa, sperm concentration, total sperm number and the percentage of sperm head abnormalities, tail abnormalities, loose heads and cytoplasmic droplets. It is suggested that if a seminal examination shows characteristics below or near recommended minimum levels, an additional 1 or 2 samples should be examined before a stallion is classed as likely to have doubtful fertility. PMID- 6962908 TI - Importance of testicular hormones in maintaining the annual pattern of LH secretion in the male horse. AB - Serum LH was measured by radioimmunoassay in 5 long-term (greater than or equal to 3 years) castrated male horses bled at 30-min intervals for 2 h twice a month from March to February. There was no significant effect of month on LH levels; however, mean levels were significantly lower in spring than autumn (P less than 0.05). By contrast, stallions in the same environment showed a markedly seasonal pattern of LH secretion, with LH rising at the onset of the breeding season to reach levels in late spring 3-4 times those in early winter. Despite differences in seasonal patterns of secretion, annual mean LH levels in geldings (19.6 ng/ml) and stallions (20.4 ng/ml) were similar. In mid-summer, LH was measured in 6 geldings castrated 4-6 weeks previously, 25 geldings castrated 3-25 years previously, and 8 stallions; mean +/- s.e.m. LH values were 62.2 +/- 8.0, 14.0 +/ 1.6, and 13.0 +/- 2.2 ng/ml respectively. In the long-term geldings, LH was not affected by age, indicating that, after the rapid 4-fold post-castration rise, LH falls to within the normal range of pre-castration values and stabilizes. These results show that testicular hormones are necessary to maintain the normal seasonal pattern of LH secretion in the male horse, including the increase in LH at the onset of the breeding season. It is suggested that the effects of testicular hormones on LH secretion include (1) a negative feedback at the hypothalamus/pituitary as observed in other species, and (2) a positive component in the pathway by which LH is increased at the onset of the breeding season. PMID- 6962909 TI - Inhibitory effect of a calcium antagonist (diltiazem) on aortic and coronary contractions in rabbits. PMID- 6962911 TI - [Case of acute myelogenous leukemia with leukemic pleuritis as an initial manifestation]. PMID- 6962910 TI - [FAB classification, response to therapy, and survival in adult patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 6962912 TI - [An autopsy case of primary myelofibrosis terminated in erythroleukemia after splenectomy]. PMID- 6962913 TI - [Chronic myelogenous leukemia presenting as acute lymphoblastic leukemia at onset. Report of a case]. PMID- 6962915 TI - [Prophylactic CNS therapy in childhood leukemia--randomized controlled study of high-dose intravenous methotrexate and cranial irradiation]. PMID- 6962914 TI - [An autopsy case of chronic neutrophilic leukemia and the review of Japanese literature]. PMID- 6962916 TI - [A case of hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with childhood ALL]. PMID- 6962917 TI - [A case of preleukemic states terminating in acute myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6962918 TI - [Two cases of priapism complicating chronic myeloid leukemia. Chronic phase and blastic crisis after splenectomy]. PMID- 6962919 TI - [A case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia complicating with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)]. PMID- 6962921 TI - [Initial neurologic manifestations in chronic myeloid leukemia with thrombocythemic onset]. PMID- 6962920 TI - [Prostaglandins in rat gastric mucosa (7th report)--influence of starvation]. PMID- 6962922 TI - Orthopaedic aspects of Paget's disease. AB - Surgery may be indicated in the management of a patient with Paget's disease for a variety of reasons. These include diagnostic biopsy, correction of deformity of long bones and the treatment of fractures, secondary osteoarthritis and secondary tumours. PMID- 6962923 TI - [Surgical reduction of the tongue as a consideration in dysgnathias]. PMID- 6962924 TI - [An opinion survey on the use of helpful devices for oral hygiene]. PMID- 6962925 TI - [Late complications in partial wedge glossectomies performed for orthodontic purposes: considerations in 2 cases]. PMID- 6962926 TI - [Intraosseous mandibular neurinoma: considerations on a case]. PMID- 6962927 TI - [Surgico-orthodontic therapy of a dilacerated central upper incisor. Clinical case]. PMID- 6962928 TI - [Effect of mandibular dislocation on cephalometric analysis in orthodontics]. PMID- 6962929 TI - [General considerations and a further contribution to the study of conditioned stimuli in the treatment of dysfunctional class II/1 malocclusion: electromyographic research (III)]. PMID- 6962930 TI - [Measurement of sagittal interskeletal discrepancies using an original method]. PMID- 6962931 TI - [Computerized Tweed-Merrifield cephalometric analysis and statistical identification of average therapeutic values]. PMID- 6962932 TI - Significance of chromosomal studies in leukemia: karyotype analysis of 28 cases of leukemia and 2 cases of myelofibrosis. PMID- 6962933 TI - [Polishing of the enamel surface with the Prophy-Jet]. PMID- 6962934 TI - [The current status of ways of lining the dentin cavity for protection of the pulp]. PMID- 6962937 TI - Antibiotic therapy for odontogenic infections in the paediatric patient: a review and update. PMID- 6962936 TI - Geriatric dental services in Ottawa. PMID- 6962935 TI - Hypnosis for children. PMID- 6962938 TI - Endodontic case report: a malposed radiolucency. PMID- 6962939 TI - Dental insurance: the carriers' viewpoint. PMID- 6962940 TI - The role of technology in creative biologic research. PMID- 6962941 TI - Reciprocal translocation (11q +; 17q-) in a patient with acute monoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6962942 TI - [Survey of dental caries and periodontal disease in recruits in Lombardy (I)]. PMID- 6962943 TI - [A program and operations proposal for health education and preventive dental medicine]. PMID- 6962944 TI - [Schools for dental hygienists in various countries in the world]. PMID- 6962945 TI - [Natural fluoridation of the water: the region of Nepi]. PMID- 6962946 TI - [Prevention and education]. PMID- 6962949 TI - [Program of health education for oral hygiene]. PMID- 6962948 TI - [The marionette theater of Doctor Molar]. PMID- 6962947 TI - [Survey of caries and periodontal disease in recruits in Lombardy (II)]. PMID- 6962950 TI - [Epidemiologic study on the dental health conditions during growth (I)]. PMID- 6962951 TI - [Risk index (RI) using the Nicola Chicco grid]. PMID- 6962952 TI - [Sealing of pits and fissures]. PMID- 6962953 TI - [Preventive dentistry in Varese]. PMID- 6962954 TI - [Precancerous lesion of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6962955 TI - Erythropoiesis: a model for differentiation. PMID- 6962956 TI - Hyperthermia and chemotherapy by regional perfusion for tumors of the extremities. PMID- 6962957 TI - Phenotypic maturation of osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells in culture. PMID- 6962958 TI - [Free-end bridges and their prices]. PMID- 6962959 TI - [Hygiene in dental practice (I)]. PMID- 6962960 TI - [Photography in the dental field (I)]. PMID- 6962961 TI - [Basic knowledge: tooth conservation information (III)]. PMID- 6962962 TI - [Thoughts and suggestions on the subject of patient education]. PMID- 6962964 TI - [Image of a dental assistant]. PMID- 6962963 TI - [Recognition of patients with psychosomatic disorders in dental practice]. PMID- 6962965 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of acute monocytic leukaemias]. AB - The haemathological features of nine patients with acute monocytic leukaemia are presented. The peripheral blood and bone marrow showed differentiated and apparently undifferentiated blasts. It was necessary to type these blast cells using cytochemical reaction for specific and unspecific esterases. It is very important to differentiate this variety of acute leukaemia from the other non limphoblastic leukaemias for different prognosis and therapeutic assays. PMID- 6962967 TI - [Phosphate-bound investment material for crown and bridge technics (I)]. PMID- 6962966 TI - [Orthodontic positioning of a horizontally-positioned left upper incisor]. PMID- 6962968 TI - [Orthodontic appliances for the mandible using compression in premolar region and retrusion of the canines]. PMID- 6962969 TI - [Bimaxillary treatment appliance in orthodontics (I)]. PMID- 6962970 TI - [Centric relation - definition, aspirations and illusions in science]. PMID- 6962971 TI - Progesterone enhances the output of prostaglandin F2-alpha by uterine horns isolated from adult ovariectomized and immature rats. AB - The output of prostaglandin (PG) F and PGE-like material into the solution bathing uterine horns isolated from adult ovariectomized and immature rats under the influence of progesterone, was studied. The injection of progesterone (0.5; 1.0; 2.0 or 4.0 mg) 6 hours prior to sacrifice enhanced significantly the release of PGF-like substance without modifying that of PGE. The augmentation of PGF was detected as early as one hour after injecting 4.0 mg of progesterone and remained elevated at 2,4,6, 12 and 24 hours, following the treatment. Puromycin (50 mg/Kg), injected 6 hours before killing, failed to alter the release of PGF-like substance but clearly blocked the stimulating effect of the hormone. In addition, progesterone also enhanced significantly the release of PGF-like material by horns isolated from immature animals. The results suggest that progesterone receptors do not appear to be important for the described effect of the hormone because the preparations employed in the present study have a very small content of these receptors. Alternatively, it can be hypothesized that only a reduced number of progesterone receptors are sufficient for the action of the hormone augmenting the output of PGF-like material from the uterus. PMID- 6962972 TI - Comparison of three subcutaneous modes of prostaglandin F2 alpha administration for pregnancy termination in the hamster. AB - Dose response relationships for pregnancy termination in hamsters following administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) by three subcutaneous methods were determined in 526 hamsters. The median effective dose (ED50) for PGF2 alpha given as a single subcutaneous injection in 500 microliters of saline was 22.2 micrograms. Administration of the prostaglandin with an Alzet osmotic minipump (subcutaneous insertion for 24 hours) required 1.35 times more PGF2 alpha (ED50=30.0 micrograms). The least effective method of pregnancy termination in the hamster involved administration of PGF2 alpha by a single subcutaneous injection in 20.4 microliters of saline (the same volume delivered by the minipump in 24 hours); the ED50 for this method of administration was 41.3 micrograms of PGF2 alpha. PMID- 6962974 TI - [Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6962973 TI - Effects of PGD2 and PGF2 alpha on longitudinal and circular muscles of guinea-pig isolated proximal colon. AB - The mechanical effects of PGD2 and PGF2 alpha on longitudinal and circular muscles of the guinea-pig isolated proximal colon were investigated. PGD2 and PGF2 alpha (1 nM - 10 microM) produced a dose-dependent contraction in longitudinal and circular muscles. The contractile action of PGD2 was more potent than that of PGF2 alpha in circular muscle and was less potent in longitudinal muscle. Contractions induced by PGD2 or PGF2 alpha (1 microM) were unaffected by atropine(1 microM) in both muscles, but tetrodotoxin(1 microM) slightly inhibited these contractions in longitudinal muscle. The results suggest that in longitudinal muscle PGD2 and PGF2 alpha have largely a direct action on the muscle cells and a partial neuronal action on the non-cholinergic intrinsic nerves, whereas in circular muscle these PGs have only a direct action on the muscle cells. PMID- 6962977 TI - [Use of axial stratification of the cranial base in the tomographic study of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6962975 TI - [Antiblastic chemotherapy and its oral manifestations (III)]. PMID- 6962976 TI - [Olfactory changes after high and medial Le Fort fractures]. PMID- 6962980 TI - [Current aspects of histological typing of carcinomas of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6962981 TI - [Tooth extraction in patients with platelet disorders]. PMID- 6962978 TI - [Fluoride content of enamel in an area where the water is richly fluoridated]. PMID- 6962982 TI - [Antiblastic chemotherapy and its oral manifestations (I)]. PMID- 6962979 TI - [Action of Lycasin 80/55 and sucrose on human dental enamel]. PMID- 6962983 TI - [Dental retention methods for luxation of anterior teeth]. PMID- 6962984 TI - [Mechanical and chemical evacuation of the root canal]. PMID- 6962985 TI - [Chemical problems in the evacuation of root canals: elimination of the organic mineral layer]. PMID- 6962986 TI - [Considerations on various cases of angioma of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6962987 TI - [An interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of TMJ pain-dysfunction syndrome]. PMID- 6962988 TI - [Clinical comparative study between rifamycin, doxycycline and amoxicillin in the treatment of odontogenic bone inflammation]. PMID- 6962989 TI - [Psychosocial aspects of the carious process]. PMID- 6962990 TI - [Verification of the usefulness of a disinfectant in the formulation of a toothpaste]. PMID- 6962991 TI - [Measure of the resistance of nasal airway using plethysmographic methods]. PMID- 6962992 TI - [Ameloblastic fibroma]. PMID- 6962993 TI - [Behcet's syndrome]. PMID- 6962994 TI - [Antiblastic chemotherapy and its oral manifestations (II)]. PMID- 6962995 TI - [Child-dentist relations through graphic representation]. PMID- 6962996 TI - Shape and motility, two interdependent features. AB - By the concurrent use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time lapse cinematography the interdependence of cellular shape and motility was visualized for leukemia cells and for normal and malignant epithelial cells. During the different modes of motility (stationary without net translocation of the whole cell, and locomotion), the cells display a distinct configuration. This allows the interpretation of static images in terms usually reserved for the description of activities of living cells. The ability of cells to change shape is of special importance when they migrate in the body. Irrespective of nature and origin, these cells must continuously adapt their configuration to the structural elements which they encounter in their pathways. The existence of such an adaptability could be shown by time lapse films for leukemia cells and for cells of the V2 rabbit carcinoma moving in mesenteries of rat and rabbit, respectively. PMID- 6962997 TI - Newer aspects on anaerobic bacteria and infections. A symposium. PMID- 6962998 TI - Clostridium difficile and antibiotic associated diarrhoea in Sweden. AB - Distribution of age and sex among patients with Clostridium difficile enterocolitis shows an increased ratio female: male (3:1) in age group 20 to 40 years and a corresponding 2:1 ratio in patients over 70 years of age, the latter group constituting 45% of 505 patients investigated. Being the only laboratory in Sweden performing cytotoxin-assay from cases of C. difficile enterocolitis during 1979-1981, we have observed that the frequencies with which clindamycin/lincomycin are associated with C. difficile enterocolitis have decreased from 30% (1979) to 9% (1981) while the role of cephalosporins has increased from 18% to 29%. Corresponding figures for the penicillins are 31% and 47% for the respective years. Against a background of sales statistics of these antibiotics in Sweden the risk of contracting C. difficile enterocolitis is appreciated for clindamycin/lincomycin and the cephalosporins in comparison to that of the penicillins. These calculations yielded a 63 times greater risk for clindamycin/lincomycin and a 36 times greater risk for the cephalosporins compared to that of penicillins. The susceptibility patterns of 96 clinical isolates of C. difficile are given showing an increased resistance to ceftriaxon, cephalotin, cefoperazone, cefoxitin and moxalactam, as compared to the susceptibility to other antibiotics. The cytotoxin and the enterotoxin produced by C. difficile are described. In our hands the enterotoxin causes hemorrhagic fluid accumulation and gross mucosal damage to rabbit ileal mucosa while the cytotoxin causes only mild inflammatory changes. It is pointed out that the assay demonstrating toxin in cases of C. difficile enterocolitis currently used in practise only measures the presence of cytotoxin and that a routine method for demonstration of enterotoxin is lacking to date. PMID- 6962999 TI - Newer aspects on anaerobic bacteria and infections. Current trends. PMID- 6963000 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis (Fisher's syndrome) in 2 patients with neuroleukemia]. PMID- 6963003 TI - [Familial chronic myelogenous leukemia. Report of 3 cases in a family]. PMID- 6963001 TI - A new method for colony formation in vitro by leukemic cells in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with PHA-stimulated lymphocyte conditioned medium as stimulating factor. AB - A new agar culture system to clone specifically acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) is described, which consists of two phases: an initial liquid phase in the presence of PHA-stimulated lymphocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) and a semi solid phase. By preincubation of leukemic cells with PHA-LCM in a liquid phase, leukemic cells were found to be more sensitive to forming colonies and clusters in agar medium. In addition, this PHA-two step assay could eliminate colony formation by T cell progenitors. The leukemic origin of the colonies was proven by electron-microscopic analysis, which demonstrated the presence of nuclear blebs and abnormal perinuclear fibril formation. Morphological studies also indicated myeloid differentiation of the cells in the leukemic colonies, although considerable variation was observed among patients. The wide range of linearity between the number of cells plated and the number of colonies grown permits quantitative assay of colony-forming leukemic cells (L-CFU). This assay should be valuable for studies of chemotherapy, growth regulation, and differentiation of L CFU. PMID- 6963002 TI - [Cessation of chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Probable cures and post-suppression relapses]. PMID- 6963004 TI - [Transient erythroleukemia in the development of acute monocytic leukemia in Fanconi's anemia]. PMID- 6963006 TI - Effect of 250 and 1000 ppm fluoride dentifrice on caries. A three-year clinical study. AB - In a 3-year clinical trial, the caries prophylactic effect of two dentifrices containing 1000 ppm F and one containing 250 ppm F was compared. 541 twelve and thirteen-year-old children took part in the study. The children were randomly divided into three groups. Each group of children and their families used one of the dentifrices daily at home. The children were examined for caries at the start of the study and again after an interval of one year. The caries increment was equal in the three groups during the experimental period. This indicates that a 250 ppm F dentifrice has the same caries preventive effect as a 1000 ppm F dentifrice. PMID- 6963007 TI - Reproduction of details using dental stones and investment material in impressions of elastomers and waxes. AB - In the fabrication of crowns and inlays it is very important that all the details of the impression are exactly reproduced by the cast. These requirements prevail between elastomeric impression materials and dental stones as well as between waxes and investment materials. Inadequate filling of the details of the impression will result in rounded inner corners of the casting, which then may not properly seat on the prepared tooth. Two brands of elastomeric impression material, dental stone, wax, investment material and wetting agent were chosen to study the reproduction of details. A master model of stainless steel, shaped like a truncated cone with a convex top and 60 degrees threads, was used. The shape of this model made it possible to make microscopic measurements of the reproduced detail of the threads. No significant difference, by different prepouring treatment of the impressions was found in reproducing details with elastomeric impression materials and dental stones. All combinations of elastomeric impression materials and dental stones reproduced, however, significantly more details than combinations of waxes and investment materials. The relevance of transferring conclusions from the laboratory investigation to clinical conditions are discussed as well as the clinical value of reproducing details. PMID- 6963008 TI - [A case of chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld syndrome)]. PMID- 6963005 TI - Radiation dose reduction in panoramic radiography. Orthopantomograph Model OP 3 modified for rare earth intensifying screens. PMID- 6963009 TI - [Human saliva and auxin--an historical recollection]. PMID- 6963010 TI - [The incidence of dental diseases among bakers and metalworkers]. PMID- 6963011 TI - [Oral symptoms associated with osteopetrosis: an analysis of 55 cases from the literature]. PMID- 6963012 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 6963013 TI - [Establishment of a child public dental health service - an action research project. I. Theory, background and baseline survey]. PMID- 6963014 TI - [Establishment of a child public dental health service - an action research project. II. Overall plan, objectives, and course of action]. PMID- 6963015 TI - [Establishment of a child public dental health service - an action research project. III. 1st and 2nd evaluation in 1980 and 1981]. PMID- 6963016 TI - [The oral mucosa--a reflection of health]. PMID- 6963017 TI - [Dental X-ray equipment and new advances in film production]. PMID- 6963018 TI - [Should caries lesions be drilled?]. PMID- 6963019 TI - [Saliva as a reflection of the body]. PMID- 6963020 TI - [The microbial equilibrium of the oral cavity in relation to general health]. PMID- 6963021 TI - [Diseases of the skin and mucous membranes and also aphthous lesions]. PMID- 6963023 TI - [A cariological study in filling-free patients 18-20 years old]. PMID- 6963024 TI - [Specific mucous membrane reactions as symptoms of systemic diseases]. PMID- 6963022 TI - [Oral bacteria and periapical inflammation]. PMID- 6963025 TI - [Jaw bone changes as symptoms of extraoral disease]. PMID- 6963026 TI - [Cooperation in oral surgery in the community dental health care system]. PMID- 6963027 TI - [Functional disturbances in the masticatory system as symptoms of systemic disease]. PMID- 6963028 TI - [The oral cavity as a mirror in the aging population]. PMID- 6963029 TI - [Pain in the oral cavity and jaw due to extraoral causes]. PMID- 6963030 TI - [Hereditary neuropathy with a tendency to pressure palsy]. PMID- 6963031 TI - [A case of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome]. PMID- 6963032 TI - [Biopsy in dental practice]. PMID- 6963033 TI - [Orthodontic treatment of mandibular dysfunction]. PMID- 6963034 TI - [Surgical correction of jaw anomalies. IV. Total maxillary advancement]. PMID- 6963035 TI - [Leukemia in children in the Netherlands]. AB - The state of the art of the treatment of leukemia in childhood in the Netherlands is discussed. The consequences of different diagnostic and therapeutic methods are mentioned. Some suggestions for improvement of the results of nation-wide treatment schemes are given. PMID- 6963036 TI - [Chromosome abnormalities in leukemia in children. Occurrence and clinical significance]. AB - In the last decade, specific chromosomal abnormalities were found in leukemic cells in children, which had diagnostic or even prognostic significance. Adult type chronic myeloid leukemia is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1, t(9;22)), acute myeloid leukemia with maturation with t(8;21), acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(15;17), (myelo)-monocytic leukemia with abnormalities of chromosome II, and acute monoblastic leukemia with t(9;11). B cell acute lymphocyte leukemias are associated with a t(8;14) or some other t(8q); in the other forms of acute lymphocytic leukemias a t(4;11) or 6q- is sometimes found. The presence of a t(8;21) seems to be associated with a better prognosis. In lymphocytic leukemias the presence of 50 or more chromosomes seems to predict a favourable prognosis, while, on the contrary, the presence of any translocation indicates a grave prognosis. PMID- 6963037 TI - [Supportive treatment in children with acute lymphatic leukemia]. AB - Prognosis of childhood ALL has considerably improved during the last two decades, due to both effective treatment and advances in supportive care. Prevention and treatment of infections, blood component therapy, toxicity of chemotherapy, nutritional support, control of pain and psychosocial care are successively discussed. PMID- 6963039 TI - Eye watching--the unsightly eye. PMID- 6963038 TI - Coloured soft contact lenses and the unsightly eye. PMID- 6963040 TI - The displaced eye. PMID- 6963041 TI - Treatment of bacterial corneal ulcers with concentrated antibiotic eye drops. PMID- 6963042 TI - The management of eyelid neoplasms. AB - The results of 377 patients treated for eyelid neoplasms are reported. A definitive histological diagnosis is essential before commencing treatment. Basal cell carcinomata were the commonest lesions encountered in this series. The various indications for radiotherapy, surgery and cryotherapy are discussed and their respective advantages and disadvantages considered. The aim of treatment is a cure of the primary condition and a satisfactory cosmetic result with the minimum of complications. In this Unit surgery is reserved for a simple excision biopsy or diathermy excision and Wolfe graft as radiotherapy appears to offer the best form of treatment in most cases. PMID- 6963044 TI - Priorities in ophthalmology. PMID- 6963043 TI - Argon laser trabecular surgery as an alternative to carbonic anhydrase therapy. AB - Thirty-four eyes (25 patients) with diagnosed chronic open angle glaucoma on maximal medical therapy were studied to determine whether argon laser trabecular surgery was a desirable alternative to carbonic anhydrase therapy. Ninety-four per cent of patients responded favourably to argon laser trabecular surgery as an alternative to carbonic anhydrase therapy. The average pressure drop was 9.9 mm Hg. Interestingly, there was a mean drop of 4.2 mm Hg in the contralateral eye. There was minimal, if any, iris response although there was a small but probably not clinically significant decrease in corneal endothelial cell count. Blanching of the trabecular wall was used as the endpoint to help minimize post-laser pressure rise. Blacks and aphakic patients responded satisfactorily. Laser surgery is best reserved for those patients with a pretreatment intraocular pressure no higher than the 30 to 35 mm Hg level. Trabeculectomy, in spite of its known complications, offers a better prognosis in those cases where the pretreatment pressure exceeds the 30 to 35 mm Hg level. PMID- 6963045 TI - Safety with industrial laser systems. PMID- 6963048 TI - Lasering of lipid keratopathy. AB - A series of 41 patients with varying types and degrees of lipid keratopathy was examined and then treated with the Argon laser. This was done primarily in an attempt to prevent extension of lipid keratopathy, but secondarily to see if any clearing of lipid would occur. The results were encouraging and although the visual acuity was not improved in the majority of patients, the symptoms were alleviated in a significant number. Iris atrophy was very common after treatment, although the incidence was lowered by the use of the Abraham contact lens. Two cases of severe corneal thinning were encountered 6 months after laser application, but both responded well to corneal grafting. PMID- 6963047 TI - Lasers in the treatment of chronic simple glaucoma. AB - Basic biological effects of laser irradiation are given with respect to the treatment of chronic simple glaucoma. As for the irradiation of the trabecular meshwork, an ultrastructural analysis of what is happening in the method of Wise and Witter (1979) has been done (a). In comparison with the effect of an Argon ion laser (pulse duration 0.2 s, pulse power 2.2 W) upon the trabecular meshwork of human autopsy eyes the effect of a Nd:YAG laser (pulse duration 10 ms, pulse energy 2 J) has been analysed in ultrastructure. After cyclodialysis by Q switched laser pulses the routes of outflow of the aqueous humour from the suprachoroidal and supraciliary space have been marked using mercury sulfide red (b). Three ways of outflow could be identified: (1) Into the veins of the ciliary body (2) Into the vortex veins (3) Into the subarachnoidal space around the optic nerve. The last way represents a communication between the suprachoroidal space and the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6963046 TI - Potential retinal light damage from the use of therapeutic instruments. PMID- 6963049 TI - Retinal blood flow measurement. PMID- 6963050 TI - Future of the laser in ophthalmology. AB - A novel Nd:YAG laser apparatus, the Microruptor I, is presented in this study. The pulse duration of this system may be varied in steps from 15 ns, when driven in a Q-switched mode, up to 10 ms when driven in free running mode. When driven in Q-switched mode optical breakdown phenomena cause non-linear 'mechanical' destructive effects. The broad clinical spectrum of application in this mode is related to the ability to affect non-pigmented and transparent structures. In contrast to this, thermal tissue coagulations are to be found using the laser in the free running mode. Examples for clinical applications of the laser in both operation modes are shown. PMID- 6963051 TI - Ocular response in systemic immune-deficiency states. PMID- 6963052 TI - Behcet's disease. PMID- 6963053 TI - Collateral vessels in branch retinal vein occlusion. AB - A group of eighteen patients was followed prospectively to document the development and natural history of collateral vessels. A second group of 42 patients was examined on a single occasion to provide a survey of the incidence and associations of collaterals. The time of appearance of collaterals varied between 2 and 8 months. The highest incidence of collaterals was in the macular vein occlusions. An increase in collateral vessel formation was seen where there was failure of recanalization of the occluded vein. No significance in the incidence of collaterals was seen in relation to age, site of obstruction, or hypertension. However, an increase in the incidence of collaterals was seen with time. PMID- 6963054 TI - Treatment of retinal detachments by laser photocoagulation. PMID- 6963055 TI - Photocoagulation of iris cyst. PMID- 6963058 TI - Management of complex retinal detachments by vitrectomy and fluid/silicone exchange. AB - The combined procedure of pars plana vitrectomy and liquid silicone exchange has been developed for the management of complex retinal detachment. Complete re attachment was achieved in 88 per cent of eyes with giant retinal breaks and visual improvement occurred in 71 per cent. Macular re-attachment was obtained in 68 per cent of eyes with massive periretinal proliferation (MPP) and visual improvement occurred in 53 per cent. In contrast, in thirteen cases of severe diabetic traction detachment, only four remained attached with visual improvement in one. In seven eyes with severe perforating trauma and retinal detachment, retinal re-attachment was achieved in four and visual improvement in three. We conclude that this technique is indicated in giant retinal breaks, is encouraging in MPP, has a very limited role in the management of diabetic traction detachment, and requires further evaluation in the management of traumatic detachment. PMID- 6963057 TI - Treatment of retinal detachment due to macular holes without chorio-retinal lesions. A seven-year follow-up study. AB - For the treatment of retinal detachment arising from macular holes we do not apply cryotherapy, light-coagulation, or diathermy in the area of the macula. Our method involves merely the fixation of a silastic sponge of 14-17 mm length and 7.5 mm diameter at the posterior part of the eyeball corresponding to macula and along the meridian of 12-6 o'clock axis. The sponge is stretched and then fixed at both ends to the sclera away from the posterior pole. The stretching and fixation of the sponge creates the proper indentation which closes the macular hole. By avoiding energy application we obtain better visual acuity. The present paper describes the results we have had in the last 7 years exclusively using this technique. PMID- 6963056 TI - Some practical conclusions following a longitudinal study of common macular lesions. AB - In a project which lasted 18 years, the natural history of five common macular lesions was followed in 268 patients, and the most significant clinical features selected in each. Methodology consisted of trichromatic analysis with direct ophthalmoscopy, contact lens fundoscopy including the triple mirror, refraction, and fundus photography. In several subjects in each group repeated fluorescence angiographies were carried out. Single eye records were kept and scattergrams of corrected visual acuities plotted. The latter--besides key clinical features- were then used to predict the probable course. Examples are related both to the biographies and to the clinical features to make the method more comprehensible. The five lesions studied were: cystoid macular degeneration, retinal pigment epithelial detachments, choroidal sclerosis, hyaline degenerations, and macular (foveal) degenerations. A new paramacular 'window' defect called a 'target' lesion is described and attention drawn to its close association with migraine. A feature of the study throughout was the frequency with which more than one of the lesions appeared in the same eye, although there was no set sequence. Thus a patient suffering from one macular lesion not infrequently ended by being blinded by another. PMID- 6963059 TI - Anterior chamber profile and lens implant movement--a high-speed cinematographic study. PMID- 6963060 TI - A review of pseudophakia using angle fixation lenses. PMID- 6963061 TI - Preservative-related problems in soft contact lens wearers. AB - Details of 61 patients are presented who, having worn soft contact lenses for many months, developed red eyes, conjunctival irritation with minimal discharge, and progressive loss of tolerance of the lenses. Investigations revealed an absence of infective agents and the clinical course after treatment with preservative-free solutions strongly suggested that preservatives, especially organic mercurials, were responsible for the changes. The corneal signs were slow to clear but after resolution the majority of patients were able to return to soft contact lens wear using a heat disinfection system with preservative-free solutions. Skin testing to a wide range of substances, including preservatives, contact lens solutions, and common sensitizers, revealed only one responder to Thiomersal out of 21 tested. However a rapid response followed conjunctival challenge with 0.005 per cent Thiomersal in normal saline in all subjects tested. PMID- 6963062 TI - General and local anaesthesia in eye surgery. PMID- 6963064 TI - The Bowman Lecture, 1982. Biological Renewal. Applications to the eye. PMID- 6963063 TI - Early experiences with radial keratotomy. PMID- 6963065 TI - Pathophysiology of bacterial infection in the external eye. PMID- 6963066 TI - The traumatized eye. AB - Injuries to the eye, both contusional and perforating, have a considerable visual morbidity not the least of which is a cosmetically unacceptable eye. Meticulous primary surgical repair and judicious secondary reconstruction of the eye may not only preserve visual functions but substantially improve the patient's appearance. Most cosmetic problems follow perforating eye injuries and include corneal leucomata, iris and pupillary abnormalities, cataract, phthisis bulbi and enucleation. Oculo-motor abnormalities, particularly divergent squint, are common where substantial loss of vision has occurred in one or both eyes. In the series reported 215 eyes were enucleated secondary to ocular trauma over a 10 year period (2,162 injured eyes), the vast majority following perforating injury. The risk of sympathetic ophthalmia was the reason for enucleation in 50.7 per cent of cases although sympathetic ophthalmia was identified in only two instances. Cosmetic defects secondary to contusional injuries are uncommon and mostly due to iris abnormalities and cataract. PMID- 6963067 TI - The chemically injured eye. AB - Chemical injury of the eye may occur in a wide range of circumstances. Of first importance is the recognition of the nature of the injury since an increasing number of toxic substances is being used in home and industry and each type of compound may produce unusual corneal and conjunctival changes. Early assessment of the severity of the corneal burn helps determine prognosis and directs treatment. The use of topical sodium ascorbate and citrate has added new prospects of reduced corneal damage while enzyme inhibitors have shown some value in preventing and controlling corneal melting. The later problems of recurrent or persistent epithelial defects require careful manipulation of the tear film and corneal environment including the use of therapeutic soft contact lenses. In the long term, attention to the whole corneal environment, especially lids, conjunctiva, and tears, becomes most important especially in selection of patients for keratoplasty and in management of the complications which may follow surgery. PMID- 6963068 TI - Acute enophthalmos. PMID- 6963069 TI - Orbital implants and post enucleation socket syndrome. PMID- 6963070 TI - [Peritonsillar abscess. Report of a child aged 17 months]. PMID- 6963071 TI - [Psychological defense mechanisms in children with lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6963072 TI - [Treatment of acute leukemias]. AB - The effective treatment of acute (myeloblastic and lymphoblastic) leukaemias depends on the induction of remissions as well as on the maintenance of these remissions. Whereas the use of anthracyclines and of cytosine arabinoside in different combinations notably increased the rate of induction of remissions, their maintenance was less successful until now. We present a scheme using, beside MTX and 6-MP, modified COAP regimes periodically every 3 months. The follow-up of 26 patients treated in this way is encouraging since nearly one third remained in full haematological remission after 3 years of observation. PMID- 6963073 TI - [The physiological importance of prostaglandins in the mechanism of human labor]. AB - Recent results indicate that prostaglandins play a major role in the mechanism of human labor. There are, however, no systematic studies on the role of prostaglandins in various forms of induction of labor. In the present study the concentration of 13,14-dihydro,15-ketoprostaglandin F2 (PGFM) in the maternal peripheral plasma was determined in labor of spontaneous onset, in labor after induction with oxytocin and in labor after induction by artificial rupture of membranes (ARM). In an additional group of women PGFM was determined before and immediately after delivery to get an insight into the mechanism of placental separation. In labor of spontaneous onset PGFM concentration increased significantly. In labour induced by oxytocin PGFM levels rose only in those women in whom induction of labor was successful. In induction of labor by ARM, PGFM level also increased in all women in whom induction was successful. At the time of placental separation PGFM concentration in the maternal blood increased dramatically. From the result of this study it is concluded that the increase of prostaglandin F synthesis is a necessary prerequisite for vaginal delivery and that prostaglandins are of major importance in the mechanism of placental separation and expulsion. PMID- 6963074 TI - [Prostaglandins for the termination of pathological pregnancies in the 2d trimester]. AB - Prostaglandins (PG) are currently the drugs of choice to terminate pathological 2nd trimester pregnancies. 6 different dose schedules of were are tested in 100 women with missed abortion, hydatidiform mole, and fetal malformations: extraamniotic PGF2 alpha, intravenous PGE2, intravenous sulprostone (2 schedules), and intramuscular sulprostone (2 schedules). All tested regimens were effective. Induction-to-abortion times and incidence of side effects were different. Extraamniotic PGF2 alpha and intramuscular sulprostone appear to be the most practicable regimens. PMID- 6963076 TI - [Prostaglandins for the induction of labor]. AB - PGE2 has been used for labor induction for more than 10 years. Oral PGE2 appears to be the prostaglandin favoured in recent years rather than intravenous PGE2. There are fewer side effects of the drug when administered in this manner. It is concluded from the present investigation that oral and intravenous PGE2 have certain advantages as compared with other preparations for induction of labor at term, although it cannot entirely replace intravenous oxytocin. PGE2 tablets intravaginally are very effective for the priming of an unripe cervix. PMID- 6963075 TI - [Local application of PGE2 by means of a cervical cap for the induction of labor]. AB - 206 pregnant women (36th to 42nd week of gestation) with low cervix scores were treated with an aqueous solution of PGE2 and NaCl applied peri-cervically by means of a portio adapter. In 169 cases (82%) labor was induced. In 29 patients (14.1%) the cervix was sufficiently ripened in order to allow successful induction by amniotomy. 11 patients (6.5%) were delivered by caesarean section, 7 (4.1%) by low forceps, all others delivered spontaneously. Time of delivery was short; no side effects were observed. Apgar scores and serum bilirubin levels of 30 neonates showed no differences to the control group consisting of 30 babies born after spontaneous onset of labor. In a second control group with labor induction by means of intravenous oxytocin infusion more than twice as many icteric neonates were found. PMID- 6963077 TI - [Outpatient treatment in geriatric psychiatry]. AB - Diagnosis and treatment in geriatric psychiatry differs from general psychiatry in that respect that several pathogenetic conditions at various levels are present--e.g. from a somatic, psychiatric and social level which therefore have to be diagnosed and treated on a multidimensional level. The therapeutic efforts rely on pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, sociotherapy, individual and group therapy. The basic somatic condition and the personality have to be considered, requiring more time due to the above mentioned multifactorial pathogenesis. PMID- 6963078 TI - [Risk factors and psychosocial factors in psychiatric diseases of old age]. AB - For the specific diseases of old age, of which the basic mechanism is not yet fully understood and not directly amendable by treatment, somatic risk factors and its recompensation, psychosomatic factors (reduction of mobility and other impairments), but especially psycho-social factors, especially social isolation, do play a prominent role. The primary prevention is mainly directed to the avoidance to toxic factors and the minimization of effects of organ-diseases. The secondary prevention has the goal to maintain a physical and intellectual activity level and to detect organ and metabolic derangements at an early state. The tertiary prevention has to avoid chronicity with a prophylaxis against institutionalization and hospitalization. PMID- 6963080 TI - [Clinical aspects of geriatric psychiatry]. AB - Cause and development of psychic disorders during old age today cannot be explained merely on the basis of a degenerative organic brain process alone but have to be viewed under the aspects of multimorbidity with biologic-somatic factors, biographic and social determined situations as well. The disease of old age does develop in the sense of a multifactorial genesis. Besides that exogenous bodily-factors, e.g. inflammatory disease, cardio-vascular diseases do play an important role. In judging the psychopathology one always has to consider the possibility that the behavior of the sick and old person could be an attempt to adjust to his own reduced abilities to the environmental situation. In view of the multidimensional aspects it became more difficult to categorize the processes of the aged. Single findings will have to be coordinated in the future on various levels in a multidimensional interdisciplinary research effort. PMID- 6963079 TI - [The aging of the brain]. PMID- 6963081 TI - [Epidemiology, clinical aspects and long term prognosis of vascular (multiple infarct) dementia]. AB - The frequency of dementia states in old age has been demonstrated and the increasing social medical importance has been focused upon. The discrepant frequency of dementia of cerebrovascular origin between the autopsy and clinical case material and the distinguishing characteristics to the primary degenerative (Alzheimer type) dementia as the most frequent form of dementia have been mentioned. The importance of clinical assessment, apparatus diagnosis and laboratory for the differential diagnosis have been discussed. The importance of the early diagnosis of an underlying vascular etiology for therapy with special attention to prophylactic viewpoints has been emphasized upon. PMID- 6963083 TI - Cytogenetical study on radiation-induced leukemia. PMID- 6963084 TI - Treatment of murine myeloid leukemia by aclacinomycin-A based on the dynamics of leukemic colony forming unit and normal hematopoietic stem cells. PMID- 6963082 TI - Shay granulocytic sarcoma: DNA abnormalities related to the pathogenesis of leukemia. PMID- 6963085 TI - Central cardiovascular and thermal effects of prostaglandin E2 in rats. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased the blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature, when administered at the doses of 0.001-10 micrograms into the lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) of the urethane-anesthetised rat. The highest dose of 10 micrograms/rat induced a strong initial hypotensive effect. Intravenously (i.v.), PGE2 at the doses of 0.01-10 micrograms/rat caused a biphasic blood pressure response with dose-related initial decreases followed by slight increases in blood pressure. The heart rate and body temperature were slightly increased by i.v. administrations of PGE2. The highest i.v. dose of 10 micrograms/rat initially decreased also the heart rate. Central pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/rat i.c.v.) partly antagonised all of the recorded central effects of PGE2, while sodium meclofenamate (1 mg/rat i.c.v.) abolished the hypertensive response to i.c.v. administered PGE2 but failed to significantly affect the PGE2-induced rises of heart rate and body temperature. The results support the previous suggestions that PGE2 may participate in the central cardiovascular and thermoregulatory control. The results also suggest that indomethacin and sodium meclofenamate antagonize the effects of exogenous prostaglandins. Since sodium meclofenamate, unlike indomethacin, affected preferentially the hypertensive response to centrally administered PGE2, there may be differences in the sites and/or modes of action between these drugs. PMID- 6963086 TI - Potassium and magnesium balance in thiazide-treated cardiac patients with special reference to diet. PMID- 6963087 TI - Ambulatory ECG recording in patients referred because of syncope or dizziness. AB - Data are presented on patients referred for ambulatory ECG recording because of syncope or dizziness during a 2-year period. Of the 272 consecutive patients subjected to the recording, 107 (39.3%) had syncope or dizziness as the main indication for referral. Sixteen of these patients (14.9%) experienced the presenting symptom during the recording, and in 8 (50%) of these the simultaneous ECG finding was interpreted as causative. In patients who were symptom-free during the recording, sinus arrests exceeding 2.5 seconds seemed to be a valuable finding to support the cardiac aetiology of the syncopal symptoms, whereas the diagnostic value of second degree AV block with either Wenckebach or Mobitz II like patterns, as such, and of ventricular tachycardia remained mostly unsettled. PMID- 6963088 TI - Studies on hypoxic dyslipidaemia. Effect of lipid modulating drugs. AB - Haemorrhagic anaemia, exposure to altitude and depression of cell respiration are known to increase plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The common triggering mechanism in all 3 instances is oxygen deficiency but mode of action is not known. The present study was intended to investigate whether lipid lowering drugs clofibrate or gemfibrozil could counteract such hypoxic dyslipidaemia in rats induced by altitude exposure. It was unexpectedly found that in normal rats gemfibrozil elevated plasma total cholesterol with an increase in the HDL-cholesterol component whereas clofibrate caused a rise in LDL cholesterol. Nicotinic acid had no consistent effect. In hypoxia control rats showed an increase in cholesterol and triglyceride level. Both gemfibrozil and clofibrate prevented the rise of triglycerides. Total cholesterol fell in rats treated either with gemfibrozil or clofibrate during altitude exposure, indicating that neither natural nor gemfibrozil-augmented hyper-HDL-aemia could be maintained during oxygen deficiency. PMID- 6963089 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias in healthy young men during physical exhaustion. AB - The occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias was studied in 25 healthy young men, with the aid of ambulatory ECG monitoring, during maximal bicycle tests, short term running, exhausting route marches, and during a 16 h period after brief and long term exercise. The bicycle test allowed prediction of 4 out of the 12 cases (33%) with ventricular premature beats (VPB) during running. The bicycle test combined with ambulatory ECG monitoring over a 16 h period allowed prediction of 12 out of the 14 cases (86%) with VPBs during marching. All 9 subjects who became exhausted during marching had VPBs, whereas 5 out of the 16 who were not exhausted had VPBs (p less than 0.001). In men with VPBs during all three exercise tests, the heart rates at the time of the VPBs were lowest during exhausting route marching. In conclusion, VPBs can be regarded as a physiological phenomenon if they occur only when exhaustion ensues. PMID- 6963090 TI - Overdrive pacing as treatment of sotalol-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias (torsade de pointes). AB - Four patients with ventricular arrhythmias due to sotalol intoxication were successfully treated with overdrive pacing. In three patients the reason for sotalol overdose was a suicidal attempt and in the fourth patient the reason was unknown. In all cases a prolongation of the Q-T interval was seen, which is a typical feature of sotalol overdose. Other features of beta-blocker intoxication like bradycardia were found in all patients and hypotension in two patients. Three of four patients received lidocaine, but with no effect on multiple ventricular premature beats (VPB) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) of "torsade de pointes"-type. Overdrive pacing abolished immediately VPBs and VTs in three patients, and in the fourth patient there was apparent decrease in dysrhythmia. Temporary overdrive pacing is suggested as treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in association with prolonged Q-T interval caused by overdose of sotalol. PMID- 6963091 TI - The influence of previous physical activity on survival and reinfarction after first myocardial infarction. PMID- 6963093 TI - The diagonal ear-lobe crease, heredity and coronary heart disease. PMID- 6963092 TI - Hyperuricemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. AB - The value of hyperuricemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality was investigated in 3195 men and 3160 women aged 40-69 years in Finland. Hyperuricemia was associated with obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension and history of heart disease. The total mortality of hyperuricemic men and women in 5 years was significantly higher than the mortality of normouricemics. Cardiovascular mortality was not higher in hyperuricemics than in normouricemics. However, in hyperuricemic women without known heart disease cardiovascular mortality was significantly increased in the follow-up period between 5 and 12 years. Total and cardiovascular mortality rates were significantly higher in hyperuricemic men with known heart disease than in corresponding normouricemic men. A rise of serum uric acid may be secondary to more advanced atherosclerosis. Thus, hyperuricemia may be associated with more advanced heart disease and it is not an independent cause of cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 6963094 TI - Capillary permeability in skeletal muscle of normal subjects. AB - Capillary diffusion capacity (CDC) and muscle blood flow (MBF) were determined from the anterior tibial muscle in 25 normal subjects by measuring the simultaneous clearance of 133xenon and sodium131iodide. The subjects were divided into two groups: one with a mean age of 31 years and the other with a mean age of 51. The older group had a significantly lower MBF (54.6 +/- 9.0 vs. 64.2 +/- 9.5 ml/100 g/min; p less than 0.05) and a significantly greater CDC (7.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.3 mol/min; p less than 0.01) than the younger group. There was a significant correlation between the CDC increase and the age of the subjects (r = 0.61; p less than 0.01). Furthermore, MBF decreased with increasing age (r = 0.48; p less than 0.05). No differences were found in MBF or CDC between female and male subjects. The mechanisms of increased capillary permeability are discussed. PMID- 6963095 TI - Sonography and computed tomography in hepatic haemangioma. AB - Seven patients suffering from hepatic haemangioma were investigated by sonography and computed whole-body tomography (CT). In addition, percutaneous fine-needle biopsy was performed in 3 cases. All the patients had typical angiographic features of hepatic haemangioma. Histological confirmation was obtained in five cases. Sonography showed lesions of sonodense and mixed predominant sonolucent features. CT showed typical peripheral post-contrast enhancement. Fine needle biopsy was successful and diagnostic in two cases. No complications occurred with the procedure. Sonography overlooked one tiny lesion, and CT two. It seems that sonographic appearances are not reliable in the diagnosis of hepatic haemangioma, though CT may be diagnostic. In doubtful situations other diagnostic procedures, such as angiography and/or fine-needle biopsy, may be necessary. PMID- 6963096 TI - Hemoperfusion in acute intoxication. Clinical experience with 48 cases. AB - Hemoperfusion was performed on 58 occasions to treat 48 patients with severe intoxication, of which 23 had taken on overdose of barbiturate or meprobamate. With one exception they all showed remarkable improvement during the treatment. In addition in many other intoxications patients greatly benefited from hemoperfusion, as with salicylate, paracetamol, quinidine, propranolol and mushroom intoxications. Hemoperfusion was of doubtful value or ineffective in intoxications due to tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazine, digoxin and methanol. Four of the patients (7%) died. More side effects are seen during hemoperfusion than during hemodialysis. The disposable supplies of hemoperfusion are more costly than those for hemodialysis. Therefore if both kinds of treatment are equally effective, one has to prefer hemodialysis. Unfortunately intoxications exist, which do not respond to either hemoperfusion or hemodialysis. PMID- 6963097 TI - Effect of administration of activated charcoal and fibre on absorption, excretion and steady state blood levels of digoxin and digitoxin. Evidence for intestinal secretion of the glycosides. AB - The effects of activated charcoal and fibre on absorption and stationary plasma levels of digoxin and digitoxin have been studied. The effect of fibre alone is small but an interactive effect on absorption may occur if fibre and digoxin are ingested simultaneously. Charcoal effectively decreases glycoside absorption even when administered after the glycosides. During maintenance therapy with digoxin or digitoxin, charcoal administration decreased the glycoside plasma levels by 31.2% and 18.3% respectively. It is suggested that even digoxin may have a significant biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation or that this glycoside has a significant intestinal secretion. The therapeutic implication of this study is that charcoal may be of value, not only in the management of acute glycoside poisoning, but also in some cases of more chronic intoxication. PMID- 6963098 TI - Influence of a psyllium-based fibre preparation on faecal and serum parameters. AB - A fibre made of psyllium husk was given to 12 elderly patients for 4 months in order to investigate their faecal output and selected serum parameters. The fibre significantly improved bowel function and faecal output confirming its value as a non-irritant, harmless bulk-forming laxative. Serum cholesterol was decreased by 20% while triglycerides remained unchanged. There was a significant reduction in serum calcium after withdrawal of the fibre supplement. There were no significant changes in serum iron, total iron binding capacity, fibrinogen, or in the haematological parameters (ESR, haemoglobin, leucocyte count) attributable to the fibre. The high phytate content of the fibre does not appear to have any clinically significant effect on mineral absorption. It is suggested that dietary fibre (at least psyllium-based fibre preparations) may have significant cholesterol lowering capacity due to the binding of bile-acids in the intestine. PMID- 6963099 TI - [A case of Paget's disease]. PMID- 6963100 TI - [Cutaneous fistula caused by submandibular lithiasis]. PMID- 6963103 TI - [Supernumerary teeth of the maxilla: 4 mesiodentes]. PMID- 6963101 TI - [Reconstruction of the pharynx and the cervical esophagus using a musculocutaneous flap of the greater pectoral muscle. Apropos of 3 case reports]. PMID- 6963102 TI - [An unusual cause of labiomental anesthesia]. PMID- 6963106 TI - [Prognostic value of selected hematological parameters in patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 6963105 TI - Household insecticide-associated blood dyscrasias in children. PMID- 6963107 TI - Neurotensin: discovery, isolation, characterization, synthesis and possible physiological roles. PMID- 6963104 TI - Granulocytic sarcoma of the clavicle. AB - Acute myeloblastic leukemia is suspected usually because of abnormalities of the peripheral blood or bone marrow. In some cases there may also be an extramedullary focus of leukemic cells called a chloroma or granulocytic sarcoma. On occasion, these tumor masses may precede any evidence of leukemia by months or years. They are often misdiagnosed as lymphomas or granulomas. We present here a case of acute myeloblastic leukemia that was preceded by a granulocytic sarcoma of the clavicle. The initial biopsy of the clavicle was thought to be consistent with Ewing's sarcoma. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy prior to gross marrow involvement. He has been in continuous complete remission 34 months after the start of chemotherapy and 44 months after the development of granulocytic sarcoma. PMID- 6963109 TI - Aspects of neurotensin physiology and pathology. PMID- 6963108 TI - Neurotensin, a brain and gastrointestinal peptide. PMID- 6963110 TI - The role of neurotensin in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and in diabetes. PMID- 6963111 TI - The role of neurotensin in the uptake and distribution of fat. PMID- 6963112 TI - Antinocisponsive effects of neurotensin and neurotensin-related peptides. PMID- 6963113 TI - Neuroanatomical sites of action of neurotensin. PMID- 6963115 TI - Effects of neurotensin on intestinal smooth muscle: application to the study of structure-activity relationships. PMID- 6963114 TI - Behavioral effects of neurotensin. PMID- 6963119 TI - Endothelium: a distributed organ of diverse capabilities. AB - A historical survey of the growth of ideas about the circulation of the blood and about the endothelium is provided as a background to the specialized papers that follow. Over the years, in the course of clarifying its structure and function, the status of the endothelium has gradually evolved from that of an inert semipermeable barrier that determines the exchange of substances between blood vessels and tissue spaces to that of a specialized organ that is unusual in its dispersion throughout the body as the lining of blood vessels. This unique arrangement has enabled it to play different roles in different parts of the vascular tree and in different organs and to manifest distinctive responses to injury according to its structure and location. As a corollary, because its responsiveness is strongly influenced by its ambience and neighboring tissues, it seems inevitable that extrapolations from function in vitro to function in vivo require considerable prudence. PMID- 6963116 TI - Mechanisms of the cardiovascular effects of neurotensin. PMID- 6963118 TI - Endothelium. PMID- 6963117 TI - Light and electron microscopic localization of neurotensin in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6963120 TI - Regulation of plasminogen activator production by cultured endothelial cells. PMID- 6963122 TI - Interaction of thrombin with the vascular endothelium in a recirculating Langendorff rabbit heart preparation. PMID- 6963121 TI - Structure of basement membrane in normal and diabetic tissue. PMID- 6963123 TI - Circulating proteins and macromolecular transport across continuous, nonfenestrated endothelium. AB - Experiments are described, using isolated perfused capillaries, fluorocarbon exchanged rats, and endothelial cells in culture, that examine the interaction of circulating proteins with the endothelial surface. A consequence of the interaction of circulating proteins with the endothelial surface is to render the endothelium less permeable to water, small water-soluble molecules, as well as macromolecules. Indirect evidence suggests that this is the result of adsorption of proteins to the glycoprotein coat of endothelial cells. An understanding of the physiochemical basis for this interaction awaits further studies of the chemical composition and properties of molecules constituting the endothelial cell surface. PMID- 6963124 TI - Endothelial injury: blood-vessel wall interactions. PMID- 6963125 TI - The vascular endothelium: problems for today and perspectives for tomorrow. PMID- 6963126 TI - Contractile proteins in endothelial cells. PMID- 6963127 TI - Interaction of lipoprotein lipase with cultured endothelial cells. PMID- 6963128 TI - ADP supports ouabain-sensitive K-K exchange in human red blood cells. PMID- 6963129 TI - [Non-traumatic circumscribed myositis ossificans. Apropos of an anatomo-clinical case report]. PMID- 6963130 TI - A case of Ph1 negative chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with chromosome pulverization and heteroploid mitoses. PMID- 6963131 TI - Detection of a cancer cell catabolite inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 6963132 TI - [Hematological sequelae of splenectomy in a case of chronic myeloid leukemia]. AB - Thrombocytosis is to be expected after splenectomy, but is usually slight and limited to a maximum period of 3-4 months. In contrast, the case reported of splenectomy, following traumatic rupture of the spleen during chronic myeloid leukaemia, figured a fairly substantial increase in platelet count which persisted in spite of treatment and featured haemorrhagic complications. The problems involved are discussed in the light of reports in the literature. PMID- 6963133 TI - [Relation between otorhinolaryngologic pathology and dental pathology]. PMID- 6963134 TI - [Mucous cyst of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6963135 TI - [Agenesis of the upper lateral incisors: therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 6963136 TI - [Fluorides in the prevention of dental decay: current status and perspectives]. PMID- 6963137 TI - [Statistical clinical study on the incidence of dental caries on 1500 young recruits in the military district of Caserta]. PMID- 6963138 TI - [Dental cements]. PMID- 6963139 TI - [Use of functional bite plate (the J.A. Cervera PFB) in the treatment of skeletal and dental open bite]. PMID- 6963140 TI - [Space maintenance in clinical practice]. PMID- 6963141 TI - [Pathological fracture of the mandible]. PMID- 6963142 TI - [Clinical evaluation of fixation technics in dental reimplantation]. PMID- 6963143 TI - [Oral manifestations of scleroderma]. PMID- 6963144 TI - [Orthopedic treatment of mandibular condylar fractures]. PMID- 6963145 TI - [Relation between skeletal open bite and atypical deglutition]. PMID- 6963146 TI - [Periodontal disease. Bacterial plaque and immunological response]. PMID- 6963147 TI - [Clinical experience and histological investigation of periosteal stimulation on repositioned grafts]. PMID- 6963148 TI - Characterization and aqueous extraction of calcium hydroxide materials. AB - Analysis of two single and eight dual product systems showed the former to be calcium hydroxide dispersed in an aqueous gel in methyl ethyl ketone solution of an acrylic polymer and the latter were cements based on the polymerization occurring when mixing salicylate esters with calcium hydroxide. Using water as an extractant under controlled conditions, specimens of the prepared materials produced marked differences in pH values over 24 hours and conductivity over 72 hours; also cumulative extractions over 26 weeks showed substantial variation in the amount of calcium hydroxide and other solubles. PMID- 6963149 TI - Changes in proximal caries status of Brisbane 15-year-old children over a ten year period. PMID- 6963151 TI - Ameloblastomatous changes in dentigerous cyst. PMID- 6963150 TI - Interrelations between the fluoride concentrations in dental plaque and enamel, and exposure to fluoride. AB - The F concentrations in plaque and in underlying enamel were determined in a sample of 99 schoolchildren aged 8.4 years (S.D. = 0.37), comprising four groups, exposed life-long to contrasting concentrations of F in the water (range less than or equal to 0.12 ppm to 2.8 ppm) and to supplements of 350 mg F/kg domestic salt. The mean total F concentrations in plaque (dry wt) increased consistently with increasing exposure to F, but the absolute differences were small and the individual variation was high within each group. Significant inverse associations were demonstrated between individual plaque and surface enamel values within two groups, supported by consistent inverse trends (ns) in the remaining groups. These associations and trends are considered to reflect transfer of F from plaque to underlying surface enamel and concommitant reduction in plaque F concentration. PMID- 6963152 TI - Anterior subgingival fractures: a review of treatment alternatives. PMID- 6963153 TI - Thermal expansion of addition polymerization (Type II) silicone impression materials. PMID- 6963154 TI - Rational periodontal therapy. PMID- 6963155 TI - Attitudes to the management of hypertension in pregnancy: a survey of Australian fellows. AB - Fellows of The Royal Australian College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists were surveyed to determine current practice in the management of hypertensive disease of pregnancy. Eight hundred and seventy Fellows were sent a questionnaire and there was a 74.1% response. There was in the majority of clinical situations a uniformity of response. This was especially so with the more serious clinical situations. Variations in response were particularly evident in choice of drug therapy. The year of obtaining specialist qualification and the State of practice accounted for most variation in survey results. There was uncertainty about the value of antihypertensive therapy to the fetus. PMID- 6963156 TI - Serum uric acid as a marker of pregnancy-induced hypertension. AB - A prospective longitudinal study was conducted, looking at the changes in serum uric acid during pregnancy in women who were normotensive at initial presentation. In our sample of 78 women having a total of 88 singleton pregnancies, 13 developed pregnancy-induced hypertension during labour only, whilst a further 6 developed hypertension during pregnancy. Women who developed hypertension had significantly higher uric acid levels than women who remained normotensive throughout. However, there was an appreciable overlap between the groups. Women with essential hypertension showed similar changes. We conclude that the serum uric acid level is an unreliable indicator of developing hypertension in the individual woman. However, a rapidly rising uric acid level should be viewed with caution. PMID- 6963158 TI - What do expectant mothers want?: a preliminary report on consumer demand for obstetric services. AB - A sample of 150 expectant mothers participated in pilot work for a large scale survey designed to identify and explain factors governing consumer demand for obstetric services in Australia. Preliminary findings indicated demand was greatest for practices which foster postnatal involvement with the newborn; medical intervention was in least demand and respondents were relatively indifferent to delivery room innovations characteristic of Leboyer births. A factual knowledge of childbirth, rather than childbirth experience (parity), explained a substantial proportion of the variation in consumer demand. Results suggested that expectant mothers' needs are not consistent with the attitudes toward maternity care expressed by obstetricians and their critics in much of the current literature. PMID- 6963159 TI - Braxton-Hicks contractions and fetal breathing movements. AB - Fetal breathing movements were observed for periods of approximately 100 minutes in 10 women at 36-42 weeks' gestation. Simultaneous recordings of uterine activity were made using an external tocograph. Fetal breathing movements were present at the onset of 82 Braxton-Hicks' contractions. There was a significant change in the rate of fetal breathing with a trough before the acme of the contraction, followed by a peak as uterine activity decreased. It is suggested that these changes are related to pressure on the fetus during the contraction and probably are unrelated to changes in fetal oxygenation. PMID- 6963157 TI - Antenatal pregnancy complications and fetal growth retardation. AB - This study reports the associations between antenatal complications, subnormal urinary oestriol excretion and perinatal death in 500 pregnancies when the baby weighed less than the 10th centile for gestational age at birth, compared with those in a series of 500 pregnancies when the baby was of a normal weight for gestation. The overall incidence of antenatal complications was not higher in those pregnancies in which the fetus was growth retarded, although early onset pre-eclampsia, threatened abortion, diabetes mellitus and accidental haemorrhage were commoner (P less than 0.05). The incidence of subnormal urinary oestriol excretion was significantly higher in pregnancies in which the fetus was growth retarded, both when other antenatal complications were present (54.7% in the study group, 18.4% in the control group P less than 0.001) and in uncomplicated pregnancies (37.7% and 13.3%, respectively, P less than 0.001). Subnormal oestriol excretion identified 20 of the 26 perinatal deaths in the growth retardation group and 4 of the 6 perinatal deaths in the control group. Perinatal mortality was 10 times higher in growth retarded infants than in infants of appropriate size for gestation when pregnancy was not complicated antenatally. This study confirms the need to identify the presence of fetal growth retardation antenatally to enable appropriate treatment and improvement in perinatal mortality. The presence of antenatal complications is not appropriate for identification, whilst subnormal urinary oestriol excretion was seen to have highly significant predictive value. PMID- 6963160 TI - Fetal distress due to intravenous administration of pethidine (meperidine) with promethazine during labour. AB - Fetal bradycardia due to uterine hypertonia was observed after the intravenous administration of pethidine (meperidine) 75 mg with promethazine 25 mg during active labour. These analgesic drugs are known to affect uterine contractions by enhancing both amplitude and frequency, but are thought to affect uterine tone minimally. Twenty cases of uterine hypertonia resulting in fetal bradycardia were monitored in a period of 6 months in women receiving these drugs during labour. In all cases, the uterine hypertonia appeared shortly after the drug administration. The uterine hypertonus as well as the fetal bradycardia were self limited and no intervention was undertaken. Recognition of this phenomenon is important in order to prevent unnecessary anxiety on the part of medical attendants. PMID- 6963161 TI - The place of surgery in the management of ovarian cancer. AB - One hundred and eighty-eight patients with ovarian cancer treated at the Mater Hospital gynaecological radiosurgical unit, Brisbane are surveyed. The place and results of different surgical techniques are assessed and related to pathology findings. Although significant improvement of results can be obtained with meticulous assessment combined with aggressive surgery and subsequent chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the 5-year survival rate (34%) remains disappointing. PMID- 6963162 TI - Fine needle aspiration in gynaecologic oncology. AB - One hundred and ten fine needle aspirations were performed on 73 patients with primary and recurrent gynaecological cancers. The sampling sites included superficial and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, soft tissue masses, liver, lungs, abdominal and pelvic masses, parametrium, thyroid and breast nodules. This relatively simple, safe and yet reliable technique can obviate the need for biopsies in most situations, and a more liberal use of aspiration cytology in gynaecological malignancies is advocated. PMID- 6963164 TI - Study of Bleier tubal clip for fertility control. AB - Sterilization by oviduct occlusion with plastic mono-construction clips was carried out on a series of 21 doe-rabbits; effective sterilization resulted. Subsequent oviduct re-anastomosis over nylon splints resulted in 58% restoration of fertility as proven by term pregnancies. There were no complications attributable to the clip application. PMID- 6963165 TI - Ultrasonic detection of maternal ascites in patients with severe pre-eclampsia. AB - Ultrasonography is a reliable method in the detection of free fluid in the abdomen. In 2 patients with severe pre-eclampsia, maternal ascites was diagnosed by ultrasound. Both babies were delivered prematurely by Caesarean section, indicated by deteriorating maternal condition. One of the babies died in the early neonatal period. The sonologist should be aware of the possible presence of peritoneal free fluid in patients with severe pre-eclampsia, and be able to demonstrate this accordingly in the ultrasonogram. PMID- 6963166 TI - Advanced intraligamentary pregnancy: a report of 2 cases. PMID- 6963163 TI - Vulvovaginal candidiasis: treatment and recurrence. AB - This study compares the effectiveness of 6 treatment regimens for vulvovaginal candidiasis with 6 months' follow-up. 292 patients randomly allocated to the treatments completed the trial. Significant differences were found in the rates of recurrence within the different treatment groups. The most successful treatment was miconazole vaginal cream with oral nystatin, with a cure rate of 81%. The high rate of recurrence of this condition is noted and the need for at least 6 months' follow-up in future trials of candidacides is emphasized. PMID- 6963167 TI - Benign teratoma of the Fallopian tube. AB - Teratoma of the Fallopian tube is very uncommon. Only 47 cases have been reported since 1865. Many have been discovered incidentally and none has been diagnosed preoperatively. The majority are cystic, show great variation in size, are commonly located in the ampulla or isthmus and are either intraluminal or attached to the luminal surface by a pedicle. Histologically they are similar to teratomas of the ovary and elsewhere. Only one instance of malignant tubal teratoma has been recorded. An association with nulliparity or reduced parity has been noted in some cases. The present case of benign tubal teratoma is the 48th and apparently the smallest reported. PMID- 6963169 TI - The early detection of brain damage in alcoholics. PMID- 6963168 TI - Multiple pregnancy and fetal abnormalities in association with oral contraceptive usage. PMID- 6963170 TI - The relationship between training and clinical practice in child psychiatry. PMID- 6963172 TI - The psychiatrist in the spinal unit. PMID- 6963171 TI - Culture and psychiatry: a Chinese perspective. PMID- 6963174 TI - Catatonia: the ultimate response to fear? PMID- 6963175 TI - Life after hospital: trials of a boarding house 'mother'. AB - What is life like for the many psychiatric patients discharged from hospital to boarding houses? The 'mother' of a Sydney boarding house describes how her 'family' has taken root, grown, developed and made a stable home. Many behaviours not tolerated in the community (e.g. public masturbation) are acceptable in the home but there are limits and rules (e.g. not in the dining room). A good home needs the responsible person to be open, honest, understanding and sensitive to changes in guests. Psychiatric services and welfare agencies need to recognise the major contributions of well-run boarding houses and need to liaise more with the proprietors. PMID- 6963173 TI - Comparison of psychiatric admissions between city and country residents in Western Australia. AB - Data are presented of all patients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis who were admitted to all psychiatric and non-psychiatric hospitals, in Western Australia during 1976-78. Patients resident in the country were compared with those resident in Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. A high proportion of both Perth and country residents were admitted under non-psychiatrists. Age standardised admission rates were highest for female country residents, the excess rate being mainly due to their very high rates of neurosis/personality disorder. The higher male admission rates for Perth compared with country residents were mainly due to higher Perth rates for alcoholism. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6963178 TI - Politics and psychiatry. PMID- 6963180 TI - Informed consent. PMID- 6963179 TI - Hypnotherapy and plantar warts. PMID- 6963177 TI - Doxepin and visual hallucinations. PMID- 6963181 TI - Rating affect and feeling. PMID- 6963176 TI - Clomipramine and severe obsessive-compulsive neurosis. PMID- 6963182 TI - Liver xanthine dehydrogenase and iron mobilization. PMID- 6963183 TI - Modulators of rat liver cytosol casein kinases 1 and 2. PMID- 6963185 TI - Empiric antibiotic therapy for granulocytopenic patients. PMID- 6963184 TI - Treatment of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. PMID- 6963186 TI - The autopsy as a measure of accuracy of the death certificate. PMID- 6963187 TI - Interventional biliary radiology. PMID- 6963189 TI - [Biopsy and exfoliative cytology in dentistry]. PMID- 6963192 TI - [The symptomological method]. PMID- 6963190 TI - [Treatment of maxillofacial fractures in children; 3 years' experience]. PMID- 6963193 TI - Lymphoplasmacyte infiltrate in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III. AB - The behaviour of the lymphoplasmacyte reaction, regarded as an immune defence reaction of the organism, has been evaluated in 167 patients affected by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or by microcarcinoma. It was observed that in surely in situ forms (atypical metaplasia, severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ) there is a clear prevalence of cases with a minimal or absent reaction, while in the potentially invasive carcinoma and in the microcarcinoma there is a predominance of cases with a marked reaction, as if the first biological modifications that lead to invasion were accompanied by a massive activation of the immune defence mechanisms. We finally noticed that no relation exists between the appearance of CIN-lesion recurrences and the intensity of the stromal reaction. This further confirms the hypothesis that in the first steps of the carcinogenic process exogenous causes are mainly involved. PMID- 6963188 TI - Isoflurane--a new general anesthetic for the 1980s. PMID- 6963191 TI - [Teaching-service integration]. PMID- 6963194 TI - [A conversation with Prof. Lazorthes. Interview by Monique Maire]. PMID- 6963195 TI - [European dental density]. PMID- 6963196 TI - [Periodontology. An atlas of diagnostic radiology in periodontology (therapeutic impact)]. PMID- 6963197 TI - [Something new for decementation]. PMID- 6963198 TI - [The self-activating Dispersalloy capsule]. PMID- 6963200 TI - [Contactin]. PMID- 6963199 TI - [Orthocement-F]. PMID- 6963201 TI - [Broxo-Jet]. PMID- 6963202 TI - [Oralum]. PMID- 6963204 TI - [A small enterprise with impact. Interview by Chantal Baudin]. PMID- 6963206 TI - [The impacted canine and its positioning in the arch. Importance for the general practitioner]. PMID- 6963203 TI - [Periodontology. An atlas of diagnostic radiology in periodontology (therapeutic impact)]. PMID- 6963205 TI - [A syringe for easy intradiploetic anesthesia]. PMID- 6963207 TI - [Adjuvants to brushing]. PMID- 6963208 TI - [Observation of therapeutic effect of surgery on 58 cusp abnormalities]. PMID- 6963209 TI - [A discussion on tonguetie]. PMID- 6963210 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of infection of the anterior isthmus faucium]. PMID- 6963211 TI - [Twin and occlusion types]. PMID- 6963212 TI - [Discovery and application of reception force of the cheek area--functional recovery of mastication in maxillary severe defects]. PMID- 6963213 TI - [Humoral immunity in dental caries patients]. PMID- 6963214 TI - [Review of results of treatment in 150 cases of malignant maxillary tumor]. PMID- 6963215 TI - [Cryobiopsy--observation with the light and electron microscope in experimental animals]. PMID- 6963216 TI - [Reconstruction of a maxillofacial defect with deltopectoral flap]. PMID- 6963217 TI - [Study of the tolerance threshold of the normal pericenmentum against a lateral force]. PMID- 6963218 TI - [Mercury contamination of amalgam fillings and its prevention]. PMID- 6963221 TI - [The positional relation between root apices of mandibular teeth and mylohyoid lines]. PMID- 6963220 TI - [Observation of the mandibular mental foramen in 1,000 adult Chinese skulls]. PMID- 6963222 TI - [Statistical analysis of the relation between the median-third and lower-third of face]. PMID- 6963219 TI - [Measurement of the main branches of external carotid artery: report of 42 arteries in 21 corpses]. PMID- 6963223 TI - Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of human embryonic zeta-globin cDNA. AB - Clones of human embryonic alpha-like zeta-globin cDNA were isolated, by detection using cross-hybridization to human alpha-globin cDNA probes, from a cDNA library derived from the mRNA of the human erythroleukemia cell line K562. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these cDNA clones revealed a coding sequence that corresponds perfectly to the independently derived amino acid sequence of the human zeta-globin chain. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of human zeta globin cDNA with that of human alpha-globin cDNA confirmed previous estimates of very distant evolutionary divergence between the human zeta- and alpha-globin genes. Nevertheless, the human zeta-globin cDNA sequence shares a remarkable similarity to that of the alpha-globin gene in its codon usage, high G + C base composition, and lack of bias against usage of CG dinucleotides. PMID- 6963224 TI - Faculty liability for violating known student rights. PMID- 6963225 TI - Student perceptions of a criterion referenced preclinical evaluation system. PMID- 6963226 TI - Relationship between the empathy levels of dental hygiene students and their teachers. PMID- 6963227 TI - A model of risk and innovation for dental hygiene educators and practitioners. PMID- 6963228 TI - Who we are: a report on the "Survey of Dental Hygiene Issues: Attitudes, Perceptions and Preferences". PMID- 6963229 TI - Federal service guidelines. An interview with Dan Burkard. PMID- 6963230 TI - A comparison of engine polishing and toothbrushing in minimizing dental plaque reaccumulation. PMID- 6963231 TI - Preliminary evaluation of oral lesions: what is this white patch on the tongue? PMID- 6963233 TI - Effective treatment with indirect pulp capping. PMID- 6963234 TI - Top forensic dentists talk about their work. PMID- 6963235 TI - Child abuse: how you can help when your patients are victims. PMID- 6963236 TI - Exchange experience: dental school in Denmark. PMID- 6963237 TI - Nitrous oxide-oxygen ratios for effective sedation. PMID- 6963238 TI - The use of oculo-facial protection by senior clinically-active dental students. PMID- 6963232 TI - "Variety" describes dental practice today. PMID- 6963239 TI - Some aspects about the recording of jaw movements in the Department of Conservative Dentistry. PMID- 6963240 TI - [Treatment of acute monocytic leukemia during pregnancy]. PMID- 6963241 TI - [Is the enzyme PGE2-9-ketoreductase of significance in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension?]. PMID- 6963242 TI - Analysis of linkage relationships in maturity-onset diabetes of young people and independent segregation of C6 and HLA. PMID- 6963243 TI - RHG-band polymorphism of the short arms of human acrocentric chromosomes and relationship of variants to satellite associations. AB - The extent of RHG-band variation of short arms of human acrocentric chromosomes was investigated in a group of 100 subjects by visually comparing the variants with the size of reference bands 7p22, 21q22 and 11q13. Marked differences were found among the chromosomes in the distribution of variants; the largest mean size of RHG-band was associated with chromosome 21, whereas the variants of chromosome 22 had the smallest band size. The study further showed that the involvement of acrocentric chromosomes in satellite association did not depend upon the size of RHG-band variants. PMID- 6963244 TI - [Focal infections and nephropathies]. PMID- 6963245 TI - [Sterilization and dentin cicatrization of infected teeth in the treatment of cardiopathies]. PMID- 6963248 TI - [The patient record]. PMID- 6963247 TI - [The laser and dentistry. Precautions in use]. PMID- 6963246 TI - [A prototype laser handpiece adapted for dentistry]. PMID- 6963249 TI - [Sampling and identification of streptococci from closed, devitalized teeth after extraction]. PMID- 6963250 TI - [The Institute of Dentistry and Oral Medicine of Dakar]. PMID- 6963251 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of carious pathology]. PMID- 6963252 TI - [Endodontic surgery]. PMID- 6963253 TI - [Reception in the Dental office]. PMID- 6963254 TI - [Cephalometric view of the anterior limit of the prosthetic occlusal plane]. PMID- 6963256 TI - [Labeling and differentiation of anesthetic agents]. PMID- 6963257 TI - [Electrical anesthesia. Mathematical approach to currents used (1)]. PMID- 6963258 TI - [Electro-medicinal anesthesia in lengthy microsurgery]. PMID- 6963255 TI - [Consequences of evaluation errors in the vertical dimension of complete dentures]. PMID- 6963259 TI - [Elimination of morphinomimetics in major anesthesia using Limoge currents]. PMID- 6963260 TI - [Electro-medicinal anesthesia: is it practical in dentistry?]. PMID- 6963263 TI - Descriptive summaries of the data on the basis of which the chemicals, industrial processes and industries were evaluated for carcinogenicity to humans. Industries. PMID- 6963261 TI - [Focus on the parotid and Stenon's canal]. PMID- 6963262 TI - [Pulmonary pathology of dental technicians]. PMID- 6963264 TI - Descriptive summaries of the data on the basis of which the chemicals, industrial processes and industries were evaluated for carcinogenicity to humans. PMID- 6963265 TI - Chemicals, industrial processes and industries associated with cancer in humans. PMID- 6963266 TI - Hydroxyurea therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia. PMID- 6963267 TI - Chronic granulocytic leukemia with lymphadenopathy and leukemia cutis. PMID- 6963268 TI - Histological and biochemical studies of vitamin C requirements of hamster molars during development in vitro. AB - The dose response relationship between medium concentrations of vitamin C (0-350 micrograms/ml) and the hydroxylation of in vitro incorporated 3H-proline showed that in (small) 2nd molars 50 micrograms/ml vit C at level of a maximum hydroxylation was attained at whereas in (larger) 1st molars higher medium concentrations seemed to be required (150 micrograms/ml or more). No cytotoxic effects were observed in media containing concentrations of vit C up to 350 micrograms/ml. In the absence of vit C odontoblasts in young 2nd molars failed to differentiate normally and an abnormal jelly-like substance was produced. Dentinogenesis in the 2nd molars was normal in the presence of at least 50 micrograms/ml vit C. In the 1st molars, in which production of collagenous dentine matrix had already started at the time of explantation, significantly less 3H-hydroxyproline was measured during vit C deficiency as early as the first day of culture, suggesting that there is a high need for vit C during dentinogenesis in vitro. PMID- 6963269 TI - The microscopic distribution of tetracycline in human teeth. AB - The distribution of tetracycline fluorescence was studied in a random collection of 378 teeth extracted in 1976 in Farmington, Connecticut, using ultra-violet microscopy of longitudinal ground sections. The sample consisted of 4 deciduous molars and the following numbers of permanent teeth: 72 incisors, 41 canines, 63 premolars, 26 first molars, 24 second molars, and 148 third molars. Narrow fluorescent lines reflecting short regimens of drug administration and broad bands corresponding to long term administration were identified in the dentin and tabulated in relation to their anatomical position. Fluorescence in the cementum was also noted. Of all the teeth, 33.3% exhibited tetracycline changes in either the dentin, the cementum, or both. There were 89 affected third molars. These had a mean of 3.1 (+/- 2.9) fluorescent dentin lines per tooth as well as many broad bands, largely in the root region. The teeth were subjected to an estimation of age in order to segregate those teeth whose dentin had formed prior to the advent of tetracycline usage. When this was done, the corrected incidence of tetracycline affected teeth in the collection was 45.4%. The observations show that American teeth have been extensively affected by tetracycline. The location of fluorescent markings appear to reflect reluctance to use this drug during the developmental period when cosmetic effects could result. Markings clearly indicate heavy usage of tetracycline during a later period of development corresponding to third molar root formation. PMID- 6963270 TI - Changes in calcium and phosphorus content in young human enamel during demineralization in vitro. AB - Premolars extracted about 6 months after eruption were divided into four parts by sectioning through the mesial- and distal midplanes. The enamel of each part was subjected to demineralization by hydroxy-ethyl-cellulose (H.E.C.) gel at pH 4 for periods varying between 2 and 24 hrs. The Ca and P contents of the gel as well as that of 10 microns slices prepared from the enamel after demineralization were determined. Then the Ca and P content of the HEC gel as well as that of 10 microns slices sequentially sectioned from the surface of the demineralized enamel inwards, were determined. The data indicate that initially, demineralization was predominant in the layers between 20 and 60 microns depth together with a reprecipitation in the surface 20 microns layer. After about 6 h of demineralization more mineral loss was found from layers deeper than 60 microns. Further, it was shown that the molar Ca/P ratio of mineral loss from these young teeth at depths of between 40 and 50 microns was extremely high (about 3) whereas in older teeth it was normal. This might be due either to preferential dissolution of carbonate containing mineral or to preferential precipitation of HPO4(2)--containing mineral or both especially at that depth. PMID- 6963271 TI - [Symmetry of the bone lesions of periodontitis in the golden hamster]. AB - In 8 month old hamsters, a spontaneous bone resorption occurs on both lingual and palatal aspects of the alveolar process, whereas, the buccal aspects are much less severely affected. A periodontitis lasting more than 6 months markedly increased this process in animals of the same age. In both maxillae, similar levels of bone resorption occurred on both left and right quadrants. A parallel degree of involvement was noted in the upper and lower jaws. However, the progress of the lesions seemed less rapid in the maxilla compared to the mandible. For experimental periods less than 6 months, less sever periodontitis could be recorded if macroscopical studies were conducted in the maxillae rather than the mandibles. PMID- 6963272 TI - [External adamantine epithelium, stellate reticulum and intermediate stratum of the enamel organ of the incisor in the rat: ultrastructural study of sections and after freeze fracturing]. AB - A morphological study of the cells of the outer epithelium layer, of the stellate reticulum and of the stratum intermedium of the rat incisor on thin sections and after freeze-etching allowed the differentiation of an intracellular and an intercellular compartment. Both were implicated in transport and diffusion phenomenons. The structure of these cells suggested that they synthetize non exportable proteins. Nevertheless they could be implicated in some none precised activities of biosynthesis and secretion. PMID- 6963273 TI - Cytological response of the basal epithelial cell surface to the dental basement membrane. AB - Reassociations of trypsin-isolated dental or foot epithelia and trypsin or EDTA isolated dental papillae were cultured for short and long time periods on a semi solid medium. After trypsin treatment the basement membrane (BM) is removed. After EDTA treatment an intact BM remains associated with the dental papilla. Cytochalasin B was added to a series of cultures. These experiments demonstrate the behaviour of the basal epithelial cell surface in the presence or absence of an intact dental basement membrane. In the presence of the dental basement membrane the epithelia restore a flat surface within one hour. PMID- 6963274 TI - Electron microscopic study on the effects of vinblastine on young odontoblasts in rat incisor. AB - Young Wistar male rats were injected intravenously with 2 mg/kg of vinblastine sulfate. After three, six, 12, 24 and 48 hours, the upper incisors were dissected out of the animals, and their young odontoblasts were observed in an electron microscope. Three to six hours after the injection, the regular polarity of the nuclei and the cytoplasmic organelles were dramatically changed following a decrease in the number of microtubules. Disturbance in protein synthesis was suggested at this stage by unusual shapes and the arrangement of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and loss of the polysomal arrangement of the ribosomes attached to the reticulum. After more than 12 hours, accumulation of secretion granules and the occurrence of bodies, containing a few strands of collagen-like fibrils, were frequently seen in various portions of the cells, indicating retarded export of the secretion substance. Occurrence of a number of unusually short fibrils in predentin was another prominent feature noticed in later stages. The fibrils were about 3000A long by 2000A or 600A wide, and many of the 2000A wide fibrils were characterized by a banded structure which resembled the previously reported SLS collagen. The 600A wide fibrils were usually banded with about 600A periodicity. PMID- 6963275 TI - The untransformed cell. PMID- 6963277 TI - Differentiation of cultured pre-adipose cells: a probability model. AB - Some cells of the established preadipose cell line, 3T3-L1, synthesize triglyceride after becoming confluent and quiescent. An analysis of the distribution of clusters of lipid-containing cells was consistent with a commitment event during exponential growth followed by clonal growth of committed cells. Experiments were designed to determine if the final clonal pattern of fat among nonfat cells could be described by a probability model. Undifferentiated cells (fibroblastic cells with no detectable accumulation of triglycerides) were plated at various cell numbers so that the total number of cell divisions to confluence could be controlled. Cells were passaged by trypsinization and replating, or trypsinization followed by passage through a narrow-bore needle before replating. Passing cells through a 22G needle seems to eliminate already committed cells from the population. We determined the percentage of fat cells and the range of clone sizes in cultures in which clone sizes depended upon the number of allowed cell divisions. Patterns of clone sizes in experimental cultures were compared to expected patterns obtained by computer simulations of several programmed and stochastic commitment models. Both the observed range of clone sizes and pattern of clones can be approximated by a simple stochastic model, suggesting that commitment to fat production in 3T3-L1 cells is a random process occurring with a fixed probability in single cells in exponential growth, followed by division of both committed and uncommitted cells. The probability of commitment was essentially constant at each cell division. The number of cells committed during each passage is just large enough to replace "terminally differentiated" lipid-containing cells that have been lost, thereby maintaining a constant percentage of fat cells in any given culture of 3T3-L1. PMID- 6963278 TI - Anaplasia and resistance to tumors. PMID- 6963276 TI - Experimental genetics of the mammalian embryo. AB - Recent progress in experimental mouse embryology has provided new approaches to the genetic manipulation of the mammalian embryo. The production of uniparental embryos enables one to compare maternal and paternal gene activity during development, to study the biological consequences of homozygosity of mutant genes, and to further elucidate the unsolved problem of X chromosome inactivation. Transplantation of nuclei from somatic cells into mouse eggs is considered the most vigorous functional test for the developmental capacity of the nuclear genome and provides a bioassay for the study of possible genomic changes during cellular differentiation. Transplantation of cloned eukaryotic genes into mouse eggs will permit the molecular and genetic analysis of their integration and regulation during development and, eventually, their germ line transmission as new heritable elements. PMID- 6963279 TI - [Effect of preventive dental measures in Basel after 19 years of water fluoridation]. PMID- 6963280 TI - The effect of cavity preparation on the metabolism of protein in dentin. AB - Tritiated proline was administered to domestic cats during the development of their permanent dentition. The amount of residual radioactivity was determined autoradiographically at various times after cavity preparation in mature molars and premolars. Two wk after cavity preparation, the amount of radiolabel beneath the axial cavity wall decreased to about 50% of that present in corresponding contralateral cavity-free teeth. The observed decreases are ascribed to an enhancement of the protein metabolism in dentin. At 45 wk, 80-90% of the radiolabel has disappeared. This paper discusses the role of an eventual effect of microleakage on the latter results. PMID- 6963281 TI - Development and validation of a measure of attitudes toward malocclusion. AB - The Orthodontic Attitude Survey was designed to assess children's and their parents' attitudes toward malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. Five consistent clusters of attitudes had discriminant validity, and were significantly related to plans for orthodontic treatment and to objective and subjective indicators of the child's occlusal status and appearance. PMID- 6963282 TI - Clenched jaw jerks in children. AB - Masseter muscle silent periods were assessed in 24 children divided into three groups according to their stage of dental development (primary, mixed, and permanent). Surface electrode EMG data, timing code, and microphone input were recorded on magnetic tape. A visual record was obtained by playing the tape into an optical oscillograph; measurements were made from the photosensitive paper. The results indicate the latency and silent period durations of clenched jaw jerks were similar among the three groups. For the subjects in this study, the mean latency and silent period durations of the masseter muscle during clenched jaw jerks were 14.9 ms (milli-seconds) and 27.0 ms. PMID- 6963283 TI - Relationship between subsurface damage and wear of dental restorative composites. AB - Pin and disc wear measurements were made on a commercial dental composite over a stress range from 2.5 to 20 MPa. The wear rates were found to increase suddenly during wear at times which tended to decrease with increasing stress. The results are interpreted in terms of wear mode conversion which results from the build-up of subsurface damage during wear. Micrographs showing damaged layers are compared with those from restorations worn in vivo. PMID- 6963284 TI - Fluoride pharmacokinetics in the domestic pig. AB - Plasma fluoride concentrations were studied in 11 pigs following single oral or intravenous doses of fluoride. The results showed a less-than-20% bioavailability of fluoride when administered with calcium-rich food. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that the plasma half-life varied from 0.6 to 1.4 h, depending on diet and route of fluoride administration. These data are comparable to those reported for man, and thus illustrate the suitability of the pig for studies of effects of fluoride on hard tissues. PMID- 6963288 TI - [The adherence of Streptococcus mutans to composite resin]. PMID- 6963287 TI - [Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) in ophthalmology]. AB - Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) is a tumor composed of granulocytic precursor cells, preceding or more often occurring during the course of myelogenous leukemia. Three ophthalmic localisations, two in the orbit and one in the uvea, are reported, two cases concerning young adults (29 years) and the third a 10 year-old boy. In all three cases, the tumor preceded the hematologic disease (18 months in the first case, 10 months in the second case, 2 years in the third case). In such cases (when the tumor becomes clinically apparent before the leukemia) diagnosis is often very difficult but can be assisted by studying the morphology of the cells, which show occasional eosinophilic myelocytes. Histochemical staining for esterase activity (Naphtol A.S.D. Chloracetate stain) has greatly improved the ability to make a histopathologic diagnosis before the hematologic manifestations. PMID- 6963285 TI - Effect of Chinese and western antimicrobial agents on selected oral bacteria. AB - The susceptibility of selected oral bacteria, including suspected periodontopathogens, to a commonly employed Chinese herbal medicine Huang-chin (HC, Scutellaria baicalensis) was tested in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined. HC was also compared with tetracycline, alexidine, and stannous fluoride. HC decoction, at a concentration of 2%, was bacteriostatic in eight of 11 bacteria tested, but a concentration of 3.13% or greater was required for bactericidal effect. Among the tested bacteria, Bacteroides melaninogenicus ss intermedius was the most sensitive (MIC = 1.57%, MBC = 2%); Actinomyces viscosus was the least sensitive (MIC = 6.25%, MBC = 12.5%). Tetracycline, alexidine, and SnF2 were bactericidal in vitro in all bacteria tested at concentrations lower than those used clinically. PMID- 6963286 TI - Mandibular bone turnover during calcium deficiency in the rat. AB - Bone resorption and deposition during calcium deficiency were compared in the mandible, femur, and vertebrae. While resorption did not differ markedly among the three sites, mineral deposition was lowest in the mandible, leading to a greater net loss of mineral than from femur or vertebrae. PMID- 6963289 TI - [An electromyographic evaluation of masticatory function in complete denture wearers]. PMID- 6963290 TI - [Polysulfone resins for denture bases (2): bending properties]. PMID- 6963292 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity in patients with oral cancer. I: Correlation of peripheral lymphocyte reactivity with the clinical status of untreated patients]. PMID- 6963293 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity in patients with oral cancer. II: Correlation of peripheral lymphocyte reactivity with the clinical course]. PMID- 6963291 TI - [Polysulfone resins for denture bases (3): compressive and tensile strength]. PMID- 6963294 TI - [The pharmacokinetics of antibiotics. II: Distribution of cephalosporins in the oral tissues of rats]. PMID- 6963295 TI - [Clinical investigation of apically positioned flap surgery used together with free gingival grafts]. PMID- 6963298 TI - Prevention for the preschool child (second part). Preventive measures for the individual. PMID- 6963296 TI - Functional occlusal analysis of deciduous dentition. Electromyograms on tonic neck reflex. PMID- 6963297 TI - Isotope studies on the permeability of the dental enamel to sucrose and xylitol. PMID- 6963299 TI - Fluoridated citrus beverage for the prevention of dental caries: 3 years of fluoride supply and 2 years cessation. PMID- 6963300 TI - [The influence of chewing gum mastication on organic acids in human saliva]. PMID- 6963301 TI - [Role of fibroblasts in collagen turnover in experimental gingivitis in the monkey]. PMID- 6963302 TI - [Saliva lysozyme in periodontal disease]. PMID- 6963303 TI - [Partial correlations among the indices related to periodontal disease]. PMID- 6963305 TI - [Periodontal disease and resistance factor. 3 (3). Existence of secretory IgA in dental plaque obtained from the buccal and lingual gingival sulci]. PMID- 6963304 TI - [Periodontal disease and resistance factor. 3 (2). Existence of secretory IgA in dental plaque obtained from the buccal gingival sulcus]. PMID- 6963306 TI - [Periodontal disease and resistance factor. 3. Secretory IgA and periodontal disease (4). Observation of IgA coating to oral bacteria]. PMID- 6963307 TI - [Periodontal disease and resistance factor. 5 (1). Immunohistological study of L cell fibronectin cultured under various conditions]. PMID- 6963308 TI - [Effect of age on collagen metabolism in the rat gingiva]. PMID- 6963309 TI - [Examination of periodontal tissue with an ultrasonic apparatus. Measurements of the thickness of gingiva, alveolar mucosa and alveolar bone]. PMID- 6963310 TI - [A new method of detecting gingival inflammation with a capacitance meter]. PMID- 6963311 TI - [The human gingival sulcus temperature]. PMID- 6963313 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a S 30 dentifrice on periodontal disease using the double blind method]. PMID- 6963312 TI - [Clinical effect of dentifrice containing dl-alpha-Tocopheryl nicotinate]. PMID- 6963314 TI - [Electron microscopical study on the terminal secretory units of the labial salivary glands in patients with Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 6963316 TI - [Pathological changes in exposed pulp tissues in germ-free rats]. PMID- 6963315 TI - [Pathways and synaptic bases of the cerebral cortical control of trigeminal motoneurons in the cat]. PMID- 6963317 TI - [Isolation of proteins which inhibit calcium phosphate precipitation from human parotid and submandibular-sublingual saliva]. PMID- 6963318 TI - [Clinical evaluation of posterior composite restorations--Part 1. Short-term observation]. PMID- 6963319 TI - [Muscle pressures exerted upon the buccal and lingual surfaces of the lower molar region]. PMID- 6963320 TI - [Electron microscopic observation of the pulpal nerves in some mammals]. PMID- 6963321 TI - [Multilocular cyst of the median mandible--report of a case]. PMID- 6963322 TI - [Endotoxin and periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6963323 TI - [Isoflurane, a new inhalation anesthetic for general anesthesia]. PMID- 6963324 TI - [Morphological analysis of congenital craniofacial malformations]. PMID- 6963326 TI - [MPa, N/mm2, MN/m2--new units for the regulation of dental materials]. PMID- 6963325 TI - [Prosthesis for patients following glossectomy]. PMID- 6963327 TI - [Study of tooth germ development with organ culture]. PMID- 6963328 TI - Prospective study of a phenformin-like substance (moroxydine chloride) in patients with deficient vessel wall fibrinolysis. AB - It is known that ethylestrenol and/or phenformin can normalize deficient fibrinolysis in the vessel walls and prevent recurrent thromboembolism (Hedner et al., 1976; Nilsson et al., 1975, 1981). Because of the side-effects of phenformin, we studied the effect of a phenformin-like substance: moroxydine chloride (Kabi 1886), which unlike phenformin, does not cause lactic acidosis. A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out on 49 patients with a decreased release capacity of fibrinolytic activity (venous occlusion test for 20 min as described by Robertson et al. (1972) on at least two occasions. They received either moroxydine chloride in a dose of 0.04 g/kg a day or no specific treatment. Most of the patients had earlier at least one episode of deep venous thrombosis. At review 6 months after entering the trial, it was found that out of 26 patients receiving moroxydine chloride, the release capacity was normal in 16 (62%), compared with 5 (22%) of the 23 controls. Dicoumarol alone did not seem to have any effect on the fibrinolysis. The only side-effects were occasional diarrhea in two, which was controlled by reduction of the dose, and itching requiring withdrawal of the drug in one. Moroxydine chloride, thus, seems to normalize a defective release capacity of vessel wall in a fair percentage of cases. PMID- 6963329 TI - Effect of afterload on left ventricular performance in experimental animals. Comparison of the pre-ejection period and other indices of left ventricular contractility. AB - Afterload reduction has become a routine treatment of patients with severe heart failure. In order to investigate the effect of afterload changes on indices of left ventricular performance, seven anesthetized dogs were studied. Serial alterations of afterload were produced with sodium nitroprusside and methoxamine infusions while the heart rate was maintained constant with right atrial pacing (120/min). High fidelity left ventricular (LV) pressure, aortic pressure (AoP) and systolic time intervals (STI) were measured simultaneously as a control and each time with the AoP changes. LV max dp/dt was measured by an RC differentiation and DP/DT was calculated from the pressure pulses and systolic time intervals. Each change in AoP resulted in a significant change in isovolumic pressure (IP) and the changes were parallel. Changes in pre-ejection period (PEP) and LV max (dp/dt)/(IP) were parallel changes in IP. A significant direct relationship was found between changes in IP and PEP, and an inverse relationship existed between changes in PEP and LV max (dp/dt)/(IP). Changes in LV max dp/dt and calculated DP/DT were parallel and approached unity. Thus, afterload changes with resultant changes in IP directly alter PEP and inversely affect max (dp/dt)/(IP). These effects of pure afterload changes must be considered in clinical pharmacologic studies when LV contractility is evaluated. Furthermore, calculated DP/DT can be used to measure changes in max dp/dt because of the close relationship between these two parameters. PMID- 6963330 TI - Cardiovascular effects of 15(S) 15 methyl-PGF2 alpha. AB - The effects of 15(S) 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha were studied on the cardiovascular system of dogs. Intravenous and intravertebral artery administration of 15(S) methyl-PGF 2 alpha induced arterial hypertensive and respiratory effects more intense and longer lasting than those observed for PGF2 alpha. Intravenous administration of 15(S) 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha induced a decrease of vascular reactivity to 1-norepinephrine and 1-epinephrine and to carotidal occlusion. Infiltration of the carotid sinus walls with 15(S) 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha decreased the baroreceptor reactivity. PMID- 6963331 TI - Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP), hemodynamics and heart metabolism: preliminary experimental studies. AB - Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) has been reported to exert beneficial effects on several cardiac functions. We studied the effects of FDP on the biochemical and dynamic functions of the heart in anesthetized dogs. Significant effects of FDP were noted mostly as related to pyruvate and lactate metabolism. The results seem to indicate that FDP may improve heart metabolism, and coronary function in restricted animals. PMID- 6963333 TI - Studies on osteoporoses. XII. Effect of imidazoquinazolinones on experimental osteoporosis. A preliminary report. AB - In vivo neutron activation analysis was employed to determine total body calcium content in C3H/St(Ha) female mice. Ninety-nine percent of calcium is in bone and loss of calcium was used as an index of osteoporosis. Heparin (500 U/kg b.i.d.) treatment for three months resulted in significant osteoporosis. BL3459 and BL4160 (6 mg/kg i.m. q.d.) prevented this heparin induced osteoporosis. BL4160 appeared to be more effective than BL3459 in this regard but the difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 6963332 TI - Adjuvant antiplatelet therapy with aspirin in colo-rectal cancer. AB - Sixty-six patients with Duke's B2 or C colon or rectal cancer were randomized for treatment with aspirin (ASA), 600 mg, p.o., twice daily x 2 years or placebo (P). Compliance was checked in both groups by random measurement of blood salicylate levels. Fifty-seven patients are currently evaluable. No difference in disease free (p = .66) or overall survival (p = .90) is present between ASA and P groups. The time at which ASA therapy is started (within 2 or within 4 weeks) following surgery does not affect these results. Aspirin at conventional dosage is ineffective in preventing the appearance of metastases in patients with colo rectal cancer. PMID- 6963334 TI - Induction of direct Coombs positivity with alpha-methyldopa in chimpanzees. AB - Two of four chimpanzees developed a moderately strong positive direct Coombs test after injection of stroma of their autologous erythrocytes that had been treated with alpha-methyldopa in the presence of diethyldithiocarbamate. Similar experiments with rabbits were unsuccessful. The results are concluded to be a demonstration that the first step in the development of autoantibody in alpha methyldopa therapy is interaction of the oxidized drug with certain, as yet unidentified, peptides of the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6963335 TI - Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in normal subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6963336 TI - [Serum level of lidocaine during bronchofiberscopy]. PMID- 6963337 TI - Renal and extrarenal arterial fibromuscular hyperplasia with hypertension. PMID- 6963338 TI - Total bilirubin production in infants of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean ancestry. PMID- 6963339 TI - Oxygen therapy without respirator in chronic lung diseases complicated with acute respiratory failure. PMID- 6963340 TI - Significance of bundle branch or fascicular block complicating acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6963341 TI - Urodynamic studies in the female urethral syndrome. PMID- 6963343 TI - [Survey of selective performance of the T3 uptake test]. PMID- 6963342 TI - [Method and results of laryngomicrosurgery in Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital]. PMID- 6963344 TI - [Consultation psychiatry: clinical issues, trends and evaluation]. PMID- 6963345 TI - [Bronchiectasis: a clinical analysis of 100 cases]. PMID- 6963349 TI - An exfoliative cytological study of three cases of oral sarcoma. PMID- 6963347 TI - [Scabies associated with secondary streptococcal infection and acute glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6963346 TI - [Chemotherapy of chronic myelocytic leukemia in blastic transformation]. PMID- 6963350 TI - Development of measurement apparatus for expansion and shrinkage during setting, using a non-contact micro displacement meter. PMID- 6963348 TI - [Hypoparathyroidism--a case report--]. PMID- 6963352 TI - Research into the solubility of metal bond porcelain--qualitative analysis of the amount of solubility and dissolved elements--. PMID- 6963354 TI - Cervical abrasion. PMID- 6963353 TI - Silicone implantation into dental sockets--histological study in rats--. PMID- 6963351 TI - A scanning electron microscopic observation of detached dental calculus on cementum surface. PMID- 6963355 TI - The current status of soft tissue grafting in periodontal therapy. PMID- 6963356 TI - CT sialography, Part I: Introduction, technique, anatomy, and variants. AB - The value of sialography in the investigation of parotid disease has been controversial and limited in its scope. The marked advantage of CT's ability to demonstrate soft tissue detail has been noted. However, parotid parenchyma is inadequately displayed in the unenhanced or intravenously enhanced state. Further information about pathology is available if the CT study is performed utilizing a sialographic contrast medium. Our method of performing such studies is demonstrated. Detail of parotid parenchyma available by this modality is noted. Illustrations of normal anatomy and variants that may be mistaken for mass lesions are presented. PMID- 6963358 TI - [Place of Ga-67 scans to assess relapse in patients with esophageal carcinoma]. PMID- 6963357 TI - CT sialography, Part II: Parotid masses. AB - The advent of CT sialography has significantly altered the investigation of parotid masses. Conventional radiography had been limited by its inability to display soft tissue detail. While CT demonstrated soft tissue structures extremely well, limitations to visualizing parotid parenchyma itself were noted. Many of these limitations could be resolved if a sialographic contrast medium were utilized. Mass lesions can be directly visualized, such that size, location, and extent can be noted. Extrinsic or intrinsic etiology can be assessed. Descriptions of tumor morphology may be related to clinical aggressiveness. Mass locations may be correlated to the facial nerve and surgical landmarks. Adjacent tissue planes and lymph nodes are assessed. Examples of various types of parotid masses are illustrated. PMID- 6963359 TI - Naturally occurring lymphoblastic leukemia in guinea pigs. AB - Nine cases of lymphoblastic leukemia were observed in 4,500 guinea pigs from three guinea pig production colonies during a period of 3 years. Seven of the cases occurred in strain 2/N, one in 13/N and one in Dunkin-Hartley/FD. These guinea pigs were 5.5-29 months old and included two males and seven females. Clinically, the animals showed a variety of signs, such as enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes, posterior paralysis and terminal ataxia. Gross lesions were characterized by numerous white spots and enlargement of the lymph nodes and many internal organs. Hematologic examination showed leukocytosis with lymphoblasts predominating. Histologic and cytologic examination of affected tissues and cells revealed generalized infiltration of lymphocytic leukemic cells. PMID- 6963360 TI - [Classification and morphology of bone tumours]. PMID- 6963361 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of bone tumors]. AB - The tasks of radiology in diagnosis and therapy of bone tumors are pointed out. The value of information provided by magnification technique, tomography, substraction angiography, computed tomography, and additional scintigraphy of the skeleton is demonstrated. Examples of different kinds of malignancy of bone destruction are shown exhibiting as defects with sharp margins, blurred osteolytic lesions, or tunnelling infiltrations. Different appearances of tumorous new bone formation as well as reactive appositions and periosteal reactions are demonstrated. The problems in diagnostic radiology of bone tumors are discussed. PMID- 6963362 TI - [Surgical therapy of malignant bone tumors and results of the treatment]. AB - The surgical management of bone metastases should relieve pain and improve function. Of the operative cases (170 in the last 10 years), 30% underwent resectional therapy with successful implantation of an endoprosthesis. Surgical management of primary malignant bone tumors should result in cure. Since 1976, in 44 of 54 cases of osteosarcoma a tumor resection was performed and in 40 cases the operation was adequate. A rotation plasty operation was performed in 15 of the 44, a tumor endoprosthesis was implanted in 22, and other methods were used in seven. PMID- 6963363 TI - [Adjuvant chemotherapy of malignant bone tumors]. AB - The interdisciplinary approach in the combined modality treatment of non metastasized osteogenic sarcoma follows now well-established guidelines: (1) diagnostic biopsy; (2) pretherapeutic cytostatic polychemotherapy (cyclic administration of adriamycin, high-dose methotrexate or cis-platinum, BCD = bleomycin + cyclophosphamide + dactinomycin); (3) limb-saving oncological radical operation with histological evaluation of the effectiveness of the preoperative chemotherapy; (4) continuation of the preoperative chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. This interdisciplinary approach in the treatment of localized osteogenic sarcoma has improved the 5-year survival rate from 20% to 80%. PMID- 6963364 TI - [Epidural localization disclosing an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6963366 TI - [Treatment of stomatitis of prosthetic origin]. PMID- 6963365 TI - Whether or not to administer Amphotericin to an immunosuppressed patient with hematologic malignancy and undiagnosed fever. PMID- 6963367 TI - [Oral manifestations of celiac disease]. PMID- 6963368 TI - [Local anesthesia in acute dental disease]. PMID- 6963369 TI - [Nitrous oxide in the treatment of anxious children]. PMID- 6963370 TI - [Interradicular lesions in periodontics]. PMID- 6963371 TI - [Preprosthetic surgery of the upper jaw]. PMID- 6963372 TI - [New technics - new indications. Use of the surgical laser in maxillo-facial surgery]. PMID- 6963373 TI - [Chlorhexidine in the treatment of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD)]. PMID- 6963374 TI - [Perspectives from the study of periodontosis to the current status of the development of dentistry. Theoretical aspects of periodontosis]. PMID- 6963375 TI - [Experimental gingivitis and isolated carbohydrates]. PMID- 6963376 TI - [Changes in the anterior tooth relation after orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 6963377 TI - [Computer-assisted evaluation of radiotelemetric data]. PMID- 6963378 TI - [Orthodontic model analysis with the aid of a 3-dimensional landmarks]. PMID- 6963379 TI - [A study on the effectiveness of treatment in 116 primary teeth]. PMID- 6963380 TI - [Arthrotomography of the temporomandibular joint - indications and technics]. PMID- 6963381 TI - [Experiences and results of Kole's dermal sling technic in the treatment of recurrent luxation of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6963382 TI - [Alveoloplasty with pedicled fenestrated mucosa]. PMID- 6963383 TI - [Reasons for completely caries-free dentitions]. PMID- 6963384 TI - [Surgical possibilities for the correction of open bite]. PMID- 6963385 TI - [Caries research and perspectives for prevention]. PMID- 6963386 TI - [Dynamics of the development of periodontal disease in preschool children]. PMID- 6963389 TI - [Extensive infected mandibular cysts and their treatment]. PMID- 6963388 TI - [Occlusal trauma and the periodontium]. PMID- 6963390 TI - [Recurrences of lymphoblastic leukemia in children. I. Prevention]. PMID- 6963387 TI - [Prevention in technical schools. The Gleinstatten model]. PMID- 6963391 TI - [Recurrences of lymphoblastic leukemia in children. II. Prognosis and treatment]. PMID- 6963393 TI - [Diagnostic and differential-diagnostic difficulties in metabolic disorders (in the light of an observed case)]. PMID- 6963392 TI - [Changes in the anterior segment of the eye in 2 girls with acute leukemia (lymphoblastic and sarcomatous)]. PMID- 6963395 TI - [Preventive irradiation of the central nervous system with cobalt-60 in children with acute leukemia]. PMID- 6963394 TI - [Nocturnal intragastric glucose infusion in the treatment of glycogenosis 1]. PMID- 6963396 TI - [High initial blastic hyperleukocytosis and the results of treatment of children with lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6963398 TI - Barriers to the utilization of dental care in Minnesota. PMID- 6963397 TI - Potential contraindications for the use of formaldehyde in dentistry. PMID- 6963399 TI - Dental insurance and prepayment plans: today and tomorrow. PMID- 6963400 TI - [Malignant myelofibrosis. Evolution toward acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6963401 TI - Characteristics and backgrounds of children with "nursing caries". PMID- 6963402 TI - Toothbrushing behavior in children: a study of pressure and stroke frequency. PMID- 6963403 TI - The effect of tooth cleaning procedures on fluoride uptake in enamel. PMID- 6963404 TI - Types of parent responses to case presentations and post-treatment parent questionnaires. PMID- 6963405 TI - Clinical and radiographic assessment of direct pulp capping and pulpotomy in young permanent teeth. PMID- 6963407 TI - Ameloblastic fibroma: a case report. PMID- 6963406 TI - Benign migratory glossitis and allergy. PMID- 6963408 TI - Incomplete transposition of a mandibular premolar. PMID- 6963409 TI - [Prognostic value of selected hematologic parameters in patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 6963410 TI - Uterine and ovarian leukaemic relapse during bone marrow remission in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who developed ovarian and uterine leukaemic relapse while in bone marrow remission is described. Pelvic relapse is rarely reported during the clinical course of leukaemia in females. Pelvic ultrasonography, a non-invasive procedure, was of value as an aid in detecting pelvic relapse. PMID- 6963411 TI - [Evaluation of mandibular border movements in the Japanese (2). Clinical signifiance and procedure]. PMID- 6963412 TI - [TMJ syndrome and clinical problems. 2. Lateral bite]. PMID- 6963414 TI - [Artificial teeth]. PMID- 6963413 TI - [Scanning electron microscope study of the surface of the root canal of the human permanent lower central incisor]. PMID- 6963416 TI - [The role of the scientific method in the formation of professions in the modern world]. PMID- 6963415 TI - [Comparative study of different materials used for artificial teeth]. PMID- 6963418 TI - [Facial trauma emergencies]. PMID- 6963417 TI - [Dental impaction anomalies: orthodontic traction]. PMID- 6963419 TI - [Periodontal bone (VI)]. PMID- 6963420 TI - [Periodontal bone (VII)]. PMID- 6963421 TI - [Mandibular prognathism in identical twins: case report]. PMID- 6963423 TI - [Periodontal bone (conclusion)]. PMID- 6963425 TI - [Skin cancer]. PMID- 6963422 TI - [Temporary tooth substitution in patients with advanced periodontal disease]. PMID- 6963426 TI - [Ameloblastoma]. PMID- 6963424 TI - [Dento-legal dentogram]. PMID- 6963427 TI - [Antibiotics--principles and clinical use]. PMID- 6963428 TI - [Temporomandibular joint: multidisciplinary treatment]. PMID- 6963429 TI - [Surgical treatment of recurrent temporomandibular luxation]. PMID- 6963430 TI - [The use of adhesives in facial prosthetics]. PMID- 6963431 TI - [Pulp disorders due to resorbed roots]. PMID- 6963432 TI - [Composite inlays: a research model with practice potential?]. PMID- 6963433 TI - [Registration of spatial movement of the mandibular incisal point and the condyle]. PMID- 6963434 TI - [Amputation of single roots of vital molars as a periodontal therapeutic measure indications and execution]. PMID- 6963435 TI - [Computer tomography of the temporomandibular joint and the masticatory muscles (I)]. PMID- 6963436 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs]. PMID- 6963437 TI - [Emergencies in dental practice (I). Treatment and equipment]. PMID- 6963438 TI - [Treatment of children with local anesthesia?]. PMID- 6963439 TI - [Electronic diagnosis of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6963440 TI - [Dental anomalies, speech defects and orofacial muscle function disorders (II)]. PMID- 6963441 TI - [Practical aid for the Crozat technic]. PMID- 6963442 TI - [Odontoplasty as a prophylactic measure]. PMID- 6963443 TI - [Computer tomography of temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles (II)]. PMID- 6963444 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs]. PMID- 6963445 TI - [Emergencies in dental practice (II). Treatment and equipment]. PMID- 6963446 TI - [Composition of cements (II)]. PMID- 6963447 TI - [Dental anomalies, speech defects and orofacial muscle function disorders (III)]. PMID- 6963448 TI - [Diflunisal in treatment of pain after jaw surgery]. PMID- 6963449 TI - [Usefulness of a new industrial radiographic paper in dental radiography in place of radiographic film]. PMID- 6963450 TI - [Emergencies in dental practice (III). Prevention of accidents]. PMID- 6963451 TI - Lacrimal gland accumulation of 67Ga-citrate in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca--preliminary report. PMID- 6963452 TI - [Physiological accumulation of 67Ga-citrate in pulmonary hila]. PMID- 6963454 TI - [Management of the child]. PMID- 6963453 TI - [Surgical treatment for periodontitis]. PMID- 6963455 TI - [Periods of integrated patient treatment]. PMID- 6963457 TI - [Regression of periapical cyst after endodontic therapy]. PMID- 6963456 TI - [Osteolytic osteosarcoma of the mandible]. PMID- 6963458 TI - [Prevalence of maxillary diastema in black children]. PMID- 6963459 TI - [Prevalence of dental caries in 277 school children, new students of the 1st semester, 1st grade, 7-10 years old, of both sexes, in 35 public schools located in the rural areas of Grande Floranopolis, Santa Catarina]. PMID- 6963460 TI - [Congenital absence of the upper canines. Clinical and radiographic study]. PMID- 6963461 TI - [The role of additions of cerium on the corrosion resistance of stellites with dental usage]. PMID- 6963462 TI - [The selection, using electromyography, of wax records of determined positions for the programming of semi-adaptable articulators (1)]. PMID- 6963463 TI - [Incisions with respect to one-stage treatment of cysts associated with periodontolysis]. PMID- 6963464 TI - [Impact of primary surgery on the facial growth of congenital clefts]. PMID- 6963465 TI - [Surgical treatment of spinal pathology in dentists]. PMID- 6963468 TI - [A prescription for intrusion of the upper incisors]. PMID- 6963467 TI - [The value of pre-operative radiography]. PMID- 6963466 TI - [Percentage of lysozyme in whole saliva, parotid and submaxillary saliva. Comparison of the results obtained]. PMID- 6963469 TI - [A periodontal concept of induced tooth movement: clinical evidence]. PMID- 6963470 TI - [Periodontal hygiene and motivation in orthodontic patients]. PMID- 6963471 TI - [Esthetic harmony of the face]. PMID- 6963472 TI - [Orthodontics and mucogingival structures in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6963473 TI - [Surgical-orthodontic therapy in a case of cementifying fibroma]. PMID- 6963475 TI - [Financial management]. PMID- 6963474 TI - [The orthodontic creation]. PMID- 6963476 TI - [Setting up an office]. PMID- 6963477 TI - [Computerization in orthodontics. Why? How? An essay]. PMID- 6963478 TI - [Planning]. PMID- 6963479 TI - [The Brader chart and its applications]. PMID- 6963480 TI - [Correction of agenesia in a case of periapical cyst]. PMID- 6963481 TI - [The framework of motivation]. PMID- 6963482 TI - [The orthodontic file]. PMID- 6963483 TI - [The Relation of Information]. PMID- 6963484 TI - [Personnel]. PMID- 6963485 TI - [Lighting]. PMID- 6963487 TI - [Routine methods in orthodontic surgery]. PMID- 6963486 TI - [Scientific articles]. PMID- 6963488 TI - [Concepts of presurgical orthodontics]. PMID- 6963489 TI - [A case of multiple agenesis]. PMID- 6963490 TI - [A base arch for retraction of the canines]. PMID- 6963491 TI - [Use of torque springs on the rectangular arch]. PMID- 6963492 TI - [Use of power arms]. PMID- 6963493 TI - [Original possibilities for the use of twisted round wire]. PMID- 6963494 TI - [Bacteriocin from oral Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 6963495 TI - [Trace elements in dental calculus--lead, cadmium and zinc collected in Tokyo and Ichikawa area]. PMID- 6963496 TI - [Occlusion in 1-year-6-month-old children]. PMID- 6963497 TI - Release of cobalt from cobalt chromium alloy constructions and turnover and distribution of cobalt. Experiments in mice and humans. PMID- 6963498 TI - [A case of stomatitis venenata]. PMID- 6963499 TI - Clinical studies with mismatched double-stranded RNA. AB - Mismatched inducer/activator therapy has demonstrated areas of definite clinical promise in its initial human trials. Indeed, the mismatched dsRNA may even prove more efficacious than conventional (exogenous) interferon therapy for several reasons including: (a) First, the potential for generating multiple species of interferons, thereby removing the possible necessity of targeting a specific type (or subtype) of interferon to a particular cell type, (b) Secondly, the known ability of the mismatched inducer to activate the intracellular mediators which are synthesized after cellular exposure to the various types of interferon, (c) Lastly, the recently demonstrated ability of the inducer/activator in combination with interferon to override acquired cellular resistance to interferon alone (13). PMID- 6963501 TI - [Development of orthodontic treatment of cleft patients at the Wolfgang Rosenthal Clinic]. PMID- 6963500 TI - [Development of the Thallwitz Clinic with special reference to the treatment of patients from abroad]. PMID- 6963502 TI - [Correction of the unilateral lip cleft using the Reichert incision technic]. PMID- 6963503 TI - [Occurrence of residual perforations following cleft palate surgery]. PMID- 6963504 TI - [Treatment results of congenital velopharyngeal insufficiency]. PMID- 6963506 TI - [Functional and esthetical rehabilitation in cases of irreparable facial paresis using fascioplasty in the ocular region]. PMID- 6963505 TI - [Long-term results of a surgery-only treatment (the Veau-Axhausen-Mirault method) in patients with clefts of the lip, jaw, palate and velum at a surgical clinic]. PMID- 6963507 TI - [Use of intra-oral tissue for the repair of extra-oral soft tissue defects]. PMID- 6963508 TI - [Importance of human genetic counseling to facial cleft patients and their families]. PMID- 6963509 TI - [Prevention in the dental office]. PMID- 6963510 TI - The immediate management of injuries to the lacrimal drainage apparatus. PMID- 6963511 TI - Immediate management of iris and lens in perforations of the eye. AB - Once accurate corneo-scleral repair has become the rule, the management of associated iris and lens damage can be improved. Much more effective primary surgical repair has been established with the aim of preventing complications and the extra hazards of a difficult secondary procedure. Adequate examination of the injured eye is essential. Much may be obscured at the initial examination. There should be no hesitation in dilating the pupil as this will permit a more satisfactory assessment of the extent of damage behind the iris diaphragm. Before commencing surgery, it must be established whether the lens is damaged or not. Hypotony and fibrin on the lens surface can both cause an appearance suggestive of cataract. Lens surgery is needed at the primary repair only when the capsule is torn. PMID- 6963512 TI - Immediate management of posterior perforating trauma. PMID- 6963513 TI - Immediate management of perforating injuries: lacerations with anterior and posterior segment damage. PMID- 6963514 TI - Surgical delay in major eye trauma. PMID- 6963515 TI - The use of Lincoff balloons in the management of retinal detachment. PMID- 6963516 TI - Ocular immobilization and its role in the management of superior retinal detachment. AB - Twenty-eight patients with bullous superior half retinal detachments were treated by pre-operative binocular occlusion, retrobulbar Bupivicaine hydrochloride and ocular immobilization using a temporary inferior rectus suture taped to the patient's forehead. Sufficient pre-operative flattening of the retina was achieved in each case to permit successful simple detachment surgery, with release of subretinal fluid in only three eyes. Eye movements were recorded by electro-oculography in five patients during separate periods of binocular occlusion, inferior rectus suture fixation and following a retrobulbar injection of 0.5 per cent Bupivicaine hydrochloride. All three methods of ocular immobilization caused a significant reduction in frequency and amplitude of eye movements compared with periods of unrestricted eye movement. PMID- 6963517 TI - Posterior hyperplastic primary vitreous. PMID- 6963518 TI - Hemi-central retinal vein occlusion. Pathogenesis, clinical features, natural history and incidence of dual trunk central retinal vein. AB - It has been shown that dual trunk central retinal vein (CRV) occurs in 20.3 per cent of a normal population. Confirmatory evidence has been produced by the results of anatomical, histological and micro-dissection studies. Occlusion of the single trunk of such a vein in its retrolaminar, or intraneural part, would result in a venous occlusion affecting one-half of the retina similar to that of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Yet this should be regarded as a variation of CRVO. Visual prognosis seems to be better in hemi-central retinal venous occlusion than in total CRVO. The site of development of collateral gives a clue to the site of the occlusion. Therefore, it is suggested that hemi-CRVO is a distinct entity and should not be confused with so-called hemi-spherical vein occlusion which is a variation of BRVO. PMID- 6963519 TI - Screening of diabetics by ophthalmic opticians. PMID- 6963520 TI - Corticosteroid provocative tests. PMID- 6963521 TI - Doyne Memorial Lecture, 1982. The nature and the treatment of scleral inflammation. PMID- 6963522 TI - Simultaneous bilateral intraocular surgery. AB - During the past ten years, the frequency of bilateral simultaneous intraocular surgery has increased and the majority have been cataract extractions. Two hundred and fifty-one patients have had this operation. The pre- and postoperative acuities and the complications have been tabled and the assessment indicates that this is a safe and successful approach considering the age of the patients and the associated pathology. There was no bilateral operative disaster. Of 232 patients whose post-operative acuities were recorded and are known, no patient had worse binocular acuity following bilateral simultaneous cataract extraction. Hospital time in the clinics, the ward and the operating theatre has been saved and the patients are more quickly returned to balanced binocular vision. PMID- 6963523 TI - Corneal sensitivity after surgery. AB - A total of 38 eyes were examined at regular intervals for change in corneal sensitivity after surgery. Twenty-nine eyes underwent cataract surgery and nine trabeculectomy or iridectomy. It was found that complete loss of sensitivity occurred in the sector of cornea enclosed by the arc of the incision in every case. Recovery of sensitivity was found in eyes having trabeculectomy and iridectomy after approximately 9 months. All of the eyes having had cataract surgery showed almost complete anaesthesia in the upper half of the cornea after one year and only three had normal sensitivity after 2 years. Recovery of sensitivity appeared to take place from the 3 and 9 o'clock positions towards the 12 o'clock position. PMID- 6963524 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinemia, HDL-cholesterol and arteriosclerosis indices]. PMID- 6963525 TI - [Alternatives to platinum-rich, high-gold-content dental alloys]. PMID- 6963526 TI - [The interaction between fixed dentures and the marginal periodontium]. PMID- 6963527 TI - [A comparative, materials science study on an epoxy resin test material for special models]. PMID- 6963528 TI - [Principles of milling technics - devices, instruments, materials]. PMID- 6963529 TI - [Contents, forms and methods of elements of practice lectures, represented in the special field of crown and bridge prosthetics]. PMID- 6963530 TI - [The new "demonopolization" and "transference" in dentistry]. PMID- 6963532 TI - [Mercury contamination in dental offices: the carpeting, a contamination factor]. PMID- 6963531 TI - [The use of fluoride and chlorhexidine in the prevention of radiation caries]. PMID- 6963533 TI - [Ectodermal dysplasia]. PMID- 6963534 TI - [Critical analysis of various methods of dental caries prevention]. PMID- 6963535 TI - [Fill root canals with gold?]. PMID- 6963536 TI - Food for the suckling. Proceedings of a Farley Health Products Symposium on Feeding the Young Infant, 8th December 1981, London. PMID- 6963537 TI - Water--the major nutrient. AB - Water metabolism is a major problem in infants of very low birth weight. Their surface is proportionally larger, they have a relatively low intracellular water volume and a high extracellular and total body volume. Kidney function is immature compared to bigger infants, and the neuroendocrine function is also immature. Finally the large surface and the high skin permeability causes a very high insensible water loss in the early neonatal period. Water imbalance presents itself as either dehydration or overhydration. Dehydration gives poor peripheral- and renal circulation and thereby decreased renal function with acidosis. Furthermore hyperosmolar dehydration will give increased hematocrit and blood viscosity and hyperbilirubinaemia. Excessive administration of water will give oedema and congestive heart failure and possibly an increased risk for patent ductus arteriosus, bronchopulmonal dysplasia and necrotising enterocolitis. The evaporative water losses varies according to the thermal environment and air humidity and it is therefore impossible to give narrow limits for the daily water intake. Clinical examination, frequent controls of body weight (twice daily) and measurements of urine volume and osmolarity serve as guide lines. Yet inappropriate secretion of ADH may confuse the value of measuring urine osmolarity. Finally a neonatal weight loss of 5-10% may be beneficial as a decrease in extracellular water may lessen the working load of the heart and therefore possibly lessen the risk for a patent ductus. Renal immaturity in handling sodium reabsorption on the other hand, will often give an excessive dehydration. For this reason about 2 mmol Na/kg body weight should be given daily to very low birth weight infants from the fourth day of life to the 3rd-4th week if the baby is on human milk or a low salt formula. PMID- 6963538 TI - Fat absorption in the newborn. AB - Dietary fat is an important source of energy to the newborn. Pancreatic lipase and esterase activity are both low in newborns, particularly in premature ones; similarly, bile salt metabolism is markedly compromised. This could result in grossly defective intraluminal lipolysis and micellar solubilisation, leading to appreciable steatorrhea and energy loss. Lingual lipase and bile salt-stimulated lipase (BS-SL), however, play an important compensatory role. Lingual lipase is secreted from branching serous glands (von Ebner's glands) located on the dorsal aspect of the posterior region of the tongue, and its physicochemical properties are highly suited to passage through the stomach into the small intestine; a high fat diet and the act of suckling stimulates this enzyme's activity, and it may act in a synergistic fashion with pancreatic lipase. BS-SL (i.e. milk lipase) also has properties which are well designed for promoting fat absorption in the newborn. For example, it has no positional specificity for the ester bonds of the triglyceride molecule, and the optimal concentration of bile salts required for activation are low. PMID- 6963539 TI - Food and metabolism in infancy. The relationships of plasma amino acids as an indicator of the adequacy of protein intake. PMID- 6963540 TI - Breast feeding and the mother-infant relationship. AB - The paper discusses the connections between the mother-infant relationship and infant feeding. While there is little evidence that the relationship is determined by the method of feeding employed, there are factors that limit the mother-child relationship and which make the establishment of lactation difficult and its maintenance more uncertain. Some problems of breast feeding in contemporary industrialised society are described. PMID- 6963543 TI - Donor breast milk. AB - A simple system for the collection and storage of human milk, as a voluntary community activity, is described. The case is made for preferring drip breast milk as the main source of human milk for the milk bank. The central place of precise pasteurization is emphasised as the essential feature for maintaining bacteriological quality control and simplicity of organisation. The suitability of donor breast milk for the nutrition of the low birthweight infant is discussed and evidence presented to indicate that low birthweight infants fed exclusively on donated human milk are of similar size to control term infants when assessed at 18 months corrected postnatal age. Emphasis is placed on the importance of controlled trials in relation to all innovations in feeding of low birthweight infants. PMID- 6963542 TI - Food for the suckling: revolution and development. AB - The 1970's saw a renaissance in child nutrition, a major revision of infant feeding practice and substantial changes in food for the suckling. Many more babies are breast fed, those who are not receive an infant formula specifically designed for this period of life, and solid foods are no longer introduced in the early weeks. These changes have contributed to the improvement in the suckling's health, particularly the reduction in neonatal tetany, and in deaths from gastroenteritis. Developments in the 1980's should improve our knowledge of breast milk and its properties, advisable intakes of specific nutrients and their interrelationships, and the immunology of infant feeding. Meanwhile, practice will be directed towards the enhancement of successful lactation, the processing of donor human milk, the establishment of standards for infant formulas and the special problems of the low birth weight baby. PMID- 6963541 TI - Food and immunological development. AB - The infant's host defence is deficient in IgA for mucosal protection and also in IgG2 for protection against encapsulated bacteria. The baby is provided with about one gram a day of milk secretory IgA antibodies against most intestinal microorganisms and also food proteins. These milk antibodies together with a number of other defence factors in the milk protect the baby against gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. Maternal undernutrition does not necessarily diminish the milk IgA concentration or 24 hour output. The infant seems to be low in secretory IgA antibodies for several months as studied in saliva. It is of great importance to protect mucosal membranes especially the intestinal mucosa, so that its nutrient uptake is not disturbed. Infections in infancy especially in the gastrointestinal tract is an important cause of undernutrition. The human milk antibodies against cow's milk and soy protein may decrease the exposure to these food proteins during weaning and possibly decrease the risk of developing allergy. Soy oil can contain soy protein, which may explain some food intolerance reactions. PMID- 6963544 TI - Infant formula. AB - The modern infant formula has been evolved over many generations and major changes have taken place in the U.K. even in the last ten years to produce formulae which are predominantly of the low solute type. Modifications of scoop design and method of reconstitution, together with formulae changes, appear to have reduced considerably the problems associated with old type cows' whole milk formulae. From examination of nutritional guidelines and legislation available worldwide for infant formula, it is proposed that modifications of these guidelines are required especially with those proposed by Codex Alimentarius. Although it would seem sensible that mature breast milk analysis be used as a model for infant formula such a route may not give any improvement in the nutritional quality of milks currently available. Indeed perfect imitation of breast milk by artificial means is most unlikely. Possible areas for future research are briefly discussed. PMID- 6963545 TI - Do breast and bottle fed babies require vitamin supplements? AB - In the present stage of knowledge, the following approach to vitamin supplementation seems reasonable. Breast-fed full-term infants should be supplemented with vitamin D (400 I.U./day). Supplementation of bottle-fed infants will depend upon the vitamin content of the formula which is being used. Pre-term and LBW infants may need higher amounts of vitamin D (800-1 000 I.U./day) and should be supplemented with vitamin E (1-2 I.U./day), C (50 mg/day), B6 (30-60 mcg/day) and folic acid (50-100 mcg/day) when they are being fed formulas with high amounts of PUFA and proteins or with iron. Multivitamin supplementation appears to be acceptable for infants of very low birth weight (less than 1 500 g) until they reach a body weight of at least 2 000 grams or a caloric intake of 300 kcal/day. Finally, the present routine of administering 0.5-1.0 mg of vitamin K at birth to all infants should be continued. PMID- 6963546 TI - Iron absorption by the premature infant. The effect of transfusion and iron supplements on the serum ferritin levels. AB - The amount of iron in a 1.0 kg preterm infant at birth is sufficient to synthesise only about 18.0 grams of haemoglobin. Since breast milk contains only 40 microgramsFe/100 ml, anaemia will develop in a premature baby fed breast milk unless supplementary iron is given. Preterm infants fed on breast milk are in negative iron balance averaging -0.24 mg/kg X day for at least thirty days after birth, and it can be estimated that they require an intake of about 0.6 mg/kg X day to compensate for obligatory intestinal iron losses. Insensible skin losses, estimated from measurements in adults, are small--of the order of 0.02 micrograms/kg X day, but losses due to venesection may be considerable since each gram of haemoglobin contains 3.4 mg of iron. Absorption of supplementary iron by preterm infants is a linear function of intake, which suggests immature control of iron absorption. Giving blood transfusions seem to diminish iron absorption but may not prevent it altogether. Giving repeated blood transfusions results in high serum ferritin levels similar to those seen in iron overload--however these levels decline spontaneously with age. Preterm infants who are given repeated transfusions do not require iron supplements until the transfusions cease. PMID- 6963547 TI - Methods in infant nutrition research: balance and growth studies. AB - Questions of infant nutrition can often be answered by metabolic balance studies or by studies of food intake and growth. The methods used by the authors for these approaches are described and an example of each is given. Balance studies demonstrated that lactose was more effective than a corn starch hydrolysate in promoting absorption of calcium, magnesium and manganese. A study of food intake and growth provided convincing evidence of the ability of infants to digest starch adequately after 6 weeks of age. There was a suggestion that some infants less than 6 weeks of age had limited ability to digest starch. PMID- 6963548 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid salinity and body fluid homeostasis. Studies on putative juxtacerebroventricular sodium sensitivity in the goat. PMID- 6963549 TI - [Primary neuromeningeal manifestation, isolated for a long period, of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. AB - The course of acute leukaemias, particularly of the lymphoblastic type, is very frequently complicated by the development of neuromeningeal localisations of the disease. They may, more rarely, be presenting initial lesions, their origin being confirmed clinically and/or biologically, but it is exceptional that they remain a strictly isolated expression of the affection. A case is reported of a 16-year old adolescent with leukaemic meningitis, in whom haematological tests (blood counts, bone marrow smear, iliac medullary biopsy, lymph node biopsy) gave negative results over a period of at least two months. Based on the findings in this case, the significance of early neuromeningeal localisations of acute leukaemias is discussed. PMID- 6963550 TI - The analgesic effect of quaternary analogues of morphine and nalorphine. AB - 1. The effects of N-methyl morphine and N-methyl nalorphine were studied on the hyperalgesia induced by prostaglandin E2 in the rat paw. Morphine and N-methyl morphine injected intraperitoneally (2-8 mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent analgesia. The potency of N-methyl morphine was of the same order of magnitude as its parent compound in causing analgesia. 2. Nalorphine caused a short-lasting analgesia followed by an enhancement of prostaglandin-induced hyperalgesia. In contrast, its analogue, N-methyl nalorphine, injected intraperitoneally, induced analgesia but did not enhance the hyperalgesia induced by prostaglandin E2 or induce hyperalgesia in the control paw. 3. Treatment of the animals with N-methyl nalorphine at a dose which had no apparent analgesic effect antagonized the analgesic effect of morphine or N-methyl morphine. 4. Administration of a low dose of N-methyl nalorphine into the paw totally antagonized the analgesic effect of N-methyl morphine administered either locally into the paw, or intraperitoneally. 5. It is concluded that quaternary analogues of morphine and nalorphine, which do not have central effects because they do not cross the blood brain barrier, retain the peripheral analgesic effects of the parent compounds. PMID- 6963551 TI - [Which primary prevention in dentistry is for the entire community?]. PMID- 6963552 TI - [Simplified modular systems for dental care]. PMID- 6963553 TI - [Alveolo-maxillary myiasis: case report]. PMID- 6963554 TI - [Local anesthesia technics for dental treatment by quadrants]. PMID- 6963555 TI - Inhibition of Fusobacterium hemagglutinating activity by complement. PMID- 6963556 TI - Structure, microhardness and calcification values of enamel tufts in human teeth. PMID- 6963558 TI - The dental hygiene educators' role in promoting community water fluoridation. PMID- 6963557 TI - [A familial case with hereditary pressure-sensitive neuropathy, with "tomacula"- the first case in Japan]. PMID- 6963559 TI - Institutional dental hygiene: an educational model. PMID- 6963560 TI - Comparative attitudes of graduates and drop-outs toward dental hygiene education. PMID- 6963562 TI - Dental education: a review of the rationale of the University of Florida's modular curriculum. PMID- 6963561 TI - Expanded functions: is quality the issue? PMID- 6963563 TI - Pain control in endodontics. PMID- 6963564 TI - Fire! disaster in the dental office. PMID- 6963566 TI - What is the REAL problem? PMID- 6963565 TI - Nutrition: hidden sugars. PMID- 6963567 TI - Importance of proper endodontic treatment in healing of severe bone lesion: a case report. PMID- 6963570 TI - What should I drink? PMID- 6963569 TI - Proud to be a Florida dentist. An interview with FDA's newest president by Gail Tierney. PMID- 6963571 TI - Testing the waters. Realistic expectations. PMID- 6963568 TI - The value of hair analysis in the assessment of the nutritional status of dental patients. PMID- 6963572 TI - Testing the waters. I'm a dentist...now what? PMID- 6963574 TI - The sectional gutta-percha filling technique. PMID- 6963575 TI - Speech disorders: the other side of the mouth. PMID- 6963573 TI - Recent advances in oral medicine. PMID- 6963576 TI - The dental practice as a small business. PMID- 6963577 TI - [Gene therapy]. PMID- 6963578 TI - Combination of a connective tissue pedicle flap with a free gingival graft to cover localized gingival recession. PMID- 6963579 TI - Bone regeneration using an open flap procedure: utilization of periodontal ligament, bone and periosteum. PMID- 6963580 TI - A review of vital root resection. PMID- 6963581 TI - Interproximal periodontal disease - the embrasure as an etiologic factor. PMID- 6963583 TI - [Clinical potential of the Pedodontic Department, Mahidol University]. PMID- 6963582 TI - [Bonwill's triangle in Thai mandibles]. PMID- 6963584 TI - [Amaurosis due to tooth extraction]. PMID- 6963586 TI - [Oral carcinoma in Thailand]. PMID- 6963585 TI - [Positions of the greater palatine foramina on Thai skulls]. PMID- 6963587 TI - [Anterior bridge in primary teeth. (Cases - report)]. PMID- 6963589 TI - A study on the effect of 60Co gamma ray irradiation on the abrasion of dental polymethylmethacrylate (part 4). PMID- 6963588 TI - [Mercury: a hazard in dental professionals]. PMID- 6963590 TI - A study on the welding of resin base. Part 3. On the dental polyethersulphone. PMID- 6963591 TI - A study on the welding of resin base. Part 4. On the dental polysulfone. PMID- 6963592 TI - Clinical experience with prostaglandin F2 alpha THAM as a luteolytic agent in pregnant and non-pregnant bitches. AB - Prostaglandin F 2 alpha THAM was administered to 6 bitches at various stages after service at dosages ranging from 30-250 micrograms/kg for 2-6 days. Four bitches treated between Days 21-42 after second service did not produce pups irrespective of dosage and duration of administration. A bitch treated in the first trimester and another in the third trimester did not abort but gave birth to normal litters. Two unserved bitches were also treated in the first 20 days of metoestrus with no drop in plasma progesterone being evident. It would seem that prostaglandin F2 alpha THAM is useful as a luteolytic agent only in the second trimester. Although side effects of mild panting with occasional vomiting and/or defecation were sometimes noted at all dosage levels, they were milder at the recommended lower dosage of 30 micrograms/kg administered twice daily subcutaneously for 4 days. PMID- 6963593 TI - [Clinical studies on cefmetazole in respiratory infections]. AB - Cefmetazole (CMZ) was used for the treatment of respiratory infections in 10 cases; six cases of bronchopneumonia, 2 cases of acute exacerbation of chronic pulmonary emphysema or bronchitis disease, 1 case of acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure and 1 case of lung abscess. CMZ was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a daily dose of 2 to 4 g for 5 to 24 days. Intramuscular injection of gentamicin was combined in 2 cases. Clinical results were as follows; excellent in 6 cases, good in 2 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 1 case. As to the side effects of the drug, allergic reaction with fever and eosinophilia was observed in 1 case. This side effect disappeared immediately after cessation of CMZ. In view of the above, CMZ may be considered to be a clinically useful antibiotic against respiratory infections. PMID- 6963595 TI - A report of missing teeth among patients at the Louisiana State University School of Dentistry. PMID- 6963594 TI - [Malignant tumors of the bone and soft tissues developing following radiotherapy in the areas of exposure]. PMID- 6963596 TI - A general practitioner's perspective on dental education of the future. PMID- 6963597 TI - Louisiana Dental Association manpower planning survey. PMID- 6963598 TI - Juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 6963600 TI - Dental advertising: a review. PMID- 6963599 TI - A survey of the dental needs of geriatric patients in Louisiana nursing homes. PMID- 6963602 TI - Photography in the dental office. PMID- 6963601 TI - Resin-bonded extracoronal splints for mobile teeth. PMID- 6963603 TI - The odontoblast. PMID- 6963604 TI - Blood supply of the dental pulp. PMID- 6963605 TI - Complete denture aspects that are frequently minimized or overlooked. PMID- 6963606 TI - [Temporary soft rebasing materials: description and use]. PMID- 6963607 TI - [Macroscopic and microscopic anatomical characteristics of the stellate ganglion (in the human fetus at term)]. PMID- 6963608 TI - [Root cementum and periodontal disease. Clinical considerations]. PMID- 6963609 TI - [Macroscopic and microscopic anatomical characteristics of the sympathetic middle cervical ganglion (in the human fetus at term)]. PMID- 6963610 TI - [Sample size for comparative standards]. PMID- 6963611 TI - [An unusual case of synodontism (dental fusion)]. PMID- 6963612 TI - [A model for school dental care, according to risk. (1. Design)]. PMID- 6963613 TI - [A model for school dental care, according to risk. (2. Application)]. PMID- 6963614 TI - [The theory of consistency in dental health education]. PMID- 6963616 TI - [The role of bruxism in chronic headache]. PMID- 6963615 TI - [Inflammatory effects of bacterial endotoxin in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, an experimental study. Clinical considerations]. PMID- 6963617 TI - [Impression materials in complete dentures]. PMID- 6963618 TI - [Propionic acid derivatives in oral surgery]. PMID- 6963619 TI - [Current concepts on the origin of odontogenic tumors]. PMID- 6963620 TI - [Effect of mouthwashes with 0.05% sodium fluoride on the formation bacterial plaque]. PMID- 6963621 TI - [Tumors of the jaw: general, neoplastic, odontogenic and primordial cysts]. PMID- 6963623 TI - [Is orthodontics a healing art or a health profession?]. PMID- 6963622 TI - [Study of an experimental high copper amalgam, complying with specification No. 1 of the American Dental Association]. PMID- 6963624 TI - [Panoramic evaluation of bone age determination using dental radiographs]. PMID- 6963625 TI - [Sassouni's cephalometry]. PMID- 6963627 TI - [Evaluation of various studies of the profile (in individual development)]. PMID- 6963626 TI - [Edgewise arch. Mechanics for the treatment of Angle class I, II, and III]. PMID- 6963631 TI - Effect of delayed trituration on compressive strength and microstructure of two high-copper dental amalgams. PMID- 6963629 TI - [Myeloblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 6963628 TI - [Gumma of the left palatoglossal arch simulating peritonsillar abscess]. PMID- 6963630 TI - [Kleine-Levin syndrome]. PMID- 6963632 TI - Effect of levels of mercury in amalgam dispensers on compressive strength of amalgam. PMID- 6963633 TI - Glass-ionomer restorative cements: clinical implications of the setting reaction. PMID- 6963634 TI - Change in frequency of oscillation of amalgamators over time. PMID- 6963635 TI - Delayed eruption of maxillary canine teeth. Part I. Aetiology and diagnosis. PMID- 6963636 TI - A strategy for the prevention of dental disease. PMID- 6963637 TI - [Oral health of the child]. PMID- 6963638 TI - Reaction of gingival tissues after insertion of removable partial dentures. PMID- 6963639 TI - [Hormonal effect on the condition of the mucosa-bone supporting tissues in women]. PMID- 6963640 TI - [Comparison of the incidence of functional masticatory system disturbances in soldiers from Ghana and Poland]. PMID- 6963641 TI - [Late results of prosthetic treatment management in an integrated framework]. PMID- 6963642 TI - [Evaluation of the similarity of gingival colour and certain prosthetic acrylic materials]. PMID- 6963643 TI - [Abrasion of acrylate materials by abrasives used for cleaning removable dental prosthetics]. PMID- 6963644 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of occlusal disturbances with removable prostheses]. PMID- 6963645 TI - [Prevalence of functional masticatory system disturbances in children in secondary schools]. PMID- 6963646 TI - [Hereditary amelogenesis imperfecta in adolescents (10 years' observation)]. PMID- 6963647 TI - [Glass fibers for prosthetic reconstruction of damaged anterior teeth in adolescents]. PMID- 6963648 TI - [Positiometer--an instrument for studying the position of edentulous mandible in relation to he maxilla in centric occlusion]. PMID- 6963649 TI - [Results of a study on the pathogenesis of the fungal inflammation of the oral mucosa under denture bases (mycotic denture stomatitis)]. PMID- 6963650 TI - [Oral stereognostic studies in edentulous patients (preliminary report)]. PMID- 6963651 TI - [Aspects of the trituration of amalgams with high copper content]. PMID- 6963652 TI - [Cleidocranial dysostosis: presentation of 3 cases]. PMID- 6963653 TI - [The stress relation in the dentist]. PMID- 6963654 TI - [Prevalence of caries in first molars with preventive measures]. PMID- 6963655 TI - [Prosthodontics as seen from the laboratory]. PMID- 6963656 TI - [Furcation lesions. A periodontal problem and possible solutions]. PMID- 6963657 TI - [Analysis of corrosion in vitallium endosseous implants in the dog tibia. Histological and scanning electron microscopy study]. PMID- 6963658 TI - [Health education]. PMID- 6963659 TI - [Histological relations in small amalgam cavities using scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 6963661 TI - [Endodontic treatment of first permanent molars in youngsters]. PMID- 6963660 TI - [Frequency and relation of symptoms in the development of masticatory system dysfunctions]. PMID- 6963662 TI - [Injuries due to intrusion of the upper central incisor into the left nasal fossa]. PMID- 6963663 TI - [Cephalometric measurements using rats]. PMID- 6963664 TI - [Gnathophotography]. PMID- 6963666 TI - [Responsibility of the general practice dentist in the care of the child]. PMID- 6963665 TI - [Pulp treatment in pedodontics]. PMID- 6963667 TI - [Oral manifestations of EEC syndrome]. PMID- 6963668 TI - [Clinical and histomorphological changes in the gingiva in a group of women depending on their levels of estrogens]. PMID- 6963669 TI - [Miniband orthodontic technic]. PMID- 6963671 TI - [A new index of priorities for orthodontic treatment. 1: Description]. PMID- 6963670 TI - [The prevalence of oligodontia in an orthodontic service]. PMID- 6963672 TI - [Prevalence of oligodontia (hypodontia) in 3,954 patients]. PMID- 6963673 TI - [Periodontal cyst. Case presentation]. PMID- 6963674 TI - [Papilloma of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6963675 TI - [Complications of ionizing radiation treatment for carcinoma of the oral cavity (excluding lips)]. PMID- 6963676 TI - [Allergic nasal obstruction syndrome: its importance in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 6963678 TI - [Principal signs of early oral carcinomas]. PMID- 6963677 TI - [Initial clinical characteristics of oral carcinoma]. PMID- 6963679 TI - [Various possible causal factors in carcinoma of the tongue]. PMID- 6963680 TI - [Extirpation of the facial structures in traffic accidents. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6963681 TI - [Treatment of orbital floor fractures through the conjunctival access]. PMID- 6963682 TI - [Effects of tooth extraction on the progress of odontogenic cellulitis]. PMID- 6963683 TI - [Schematization of tooth destruction in the deciduous dentition]. PMID- 6963685 TI - [Posture. Poor posture in dental practice. I]. PMID- 6963684 TI - [Results of the fluoridation of drinking water in La Salud]. PMID- 6963686 TI - [Posture. Spinal disorders in dentists. II]. PMID- 6963687 TI - [Recent nasal fractures. Evaluation of a treatment method]. PMID- 6963688 TI - [Experiences with dental inter-consultation system in the city of Bauta]. PMID- 6963690 TI - [1,080 carcinomas of the tongue]. PMID- 6963689 TI - [Pierre-Robin syndrome. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6963691 TI - [Treatment results in 1,080 patients with carcinoma of the tongue]. PMID- 6963692 TI - [Organization of dental services in children's institutions and primary schools]. PMID- 6963693 TI - [Correlation between age and pericoronal pocket thickness]. PMID- 6963694 TI - [Incremental program in dental care for primary students. 1970-71 to 1979-80]. PMID- 6963695 TI - [Evaluation of modern amalgams]. PMID- 6963696 TI - [Various clinico-histological aspects of epithelial neoplasms originating in the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6963697 TI - [Ocular accidents in anesthesia of the inferior dental nerve]. PMID- 6963698 TI - [Remineralization process in incipient caries. Perspectives in preventive dentistry]. PMID- 6963699 TI - [Maxillary cysts. Their surgical treatment]. PMID- 6963700 TI - [An interview with Dr. Antonio Nadal-Valldaura, professor of the School of Dentistry in Barcelona]. PMID- 6963701 TI - [Morphopathological study of a case of invaginated tooth]. PMID- 6963702 TI - [Surgical pathology of the submaxillary gland. Review of 200 cases]. PMID- 6963703 TI - [Dental aerobiology]. PMID- 6963704 TI - [Basic concepts of the metallography of dental amalgam]. PMID- 6963705 TI - [Occlusal adjustment using selective grinding as a specific conservative treatment]. PMID- 6963706 TI - [Clinical study of the therapeutic effects of hydroxy-iontophoresis in endodontics]. PMID- 6963707 TI - [Treatment of recurrent luxation of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6963708 TI - [Pantography and occlusion. I. General considerations]. PMID- 6963709 TI - [The propionic ester of erythromycin. Its value in dento-oral infections]. PMID- 6963710 TI - [Symptomatology and clinical exploration in oral and maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 6963711 TI - [Pantography and occlusion. II. Pantographic measurements in the horizontal plane and occlusal analysis]. PMID- 6963712 TI - [Primary care in oral health]. PMID- 6963713 TI - [Goals for oral health in the year 2000]. PMID- 6963714 TI - [Psychology and dysgnathia]. PMID- 6963715 TI - [Occlusal adjustment]. PMID- 6963716 TI - [Leishmaniasis]. PMID- 6963717 TI - [Stump preparation]. PMID- 6963718 TI - [Oro-sinus reconstruction. (Palatal flap)]. PMID- 6963719 TI - [Epulis fibromatosa]. PMID- 6963720 TI - [Dentigerous cyst of the permanent central incisor]. PMID- 6963721 TI - [Filtration study of different obturation technics in endodontics]. PMID- 6963723 TI - [Functionalism and functional therapy; a Spanish reply to an English editorial]. PMID- 6963722 TI - [Pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia in the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6963724 TI - [Oral health in children of the city of Madrid. Epidemiological study]. PMID- 6963725 TI - [Apicoectomy: technical considerations]. PMID- 6963726 TI - [Painless approach to the inferior dental nerve in children]. PMID- 6963727 TI - [Clinical study of soft tissue lesions in children of the community]. PMID- 6963728 TI - ["Demonopolization" in dentistry]. PMID- 6963730 TI - [The responsibility of the dentist to children as an educator]. PMID- 6963729 TI - [The effect of diet on calculus formation]. PMID- 6963732 TI - A position paper: the American Academy of Periodontology's view of the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. PMID- 6963731 TI - Uncontrolled diabetes: atypical symptoms and significant signs the dentist sees. PMID- 6963733 TI - [Maintenance of dental structures using stannous fluoride]. PMID- 6963734 TI - [Prevention and its relation to various profound mechanisms]. PMID- 6963735 TI - [Basic model for oral health programs]. PMID- 6963736 TI - [The private consultant as health care provider (1)]. PMID- 6963737 TI - [The private consultant as health care provider (conclusion)]. PMID- 6963738 TI - [Periodontal treatment. A job for the specialist?]. PMID- 6963739 TI - [The dental situation and professional-patient relations]. PMID- 6963740 TI - [Implementation of a control program for school dentistry and prevention, 1980 1982]. PMID- 6963742 TI - Rapid viral diagnosis by electron microscopy. PMID- 6963741 TI - [Epidemiology of caries in preschoolers, relation to preventive habits and demand for care]. PMID- 6963743 TI - Progress in the pathogenesis and therapy of parasitic diseases. PMID- 6963744 TI - Which antibiotics for prophylaxis? PMID- 6963746 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics-indications in surgical patients. PMID- 6963745 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis--indications in medical patients. PMID- 6963747 TI - The nosocomial component of medical care. A prospective study on the amount, spectrum and costs of medical disturbances in a department of infectious diseases. AB - During a nine month period all patients admitted to a department of infectious diseases were prospectively studied regarding nosocomial reactions defined as any unwanted or unexpected negative effect of medical treatment or care. Eleven percent of 1271 patients were admitted because of complications to previous medical treatment. Twenty-seven percent of the patients developed adverse reactions during the hospital stay. Only four percent of these resulted in a prolonged hospital stay. Six patients (0.5%) died from complications to medical care. We deduce that medical complications are not a major factor in prolonging hospital stay, but rather that the longer the hospital stay the greater the risk for developing nosocomial symptoms. The estimated cost for the whole of the nosocomial matter was seventeen percent of the budget of the department. PMID- 6963748 TI - Drug resistance, current studies and future prospects. PMID- 6963749 TI - New and prospective developments in drugs for malaria. PMID- 6963750 TI - Malaria immunology. PMID- 6963751 TI - Progress in malaria vaccine development: characterization of protective antigens. PMID- 6963752 TI - Intestinal parasitic infections. PMID- 6963753 TI - Treatment of helminthiasis. PMID- 6963754 TI - Pathogenesis and prevention of cholera. PMID- 6963755 TI - Immune response and minimum requirement for immunity to disease. PMID- 6963756 TI - Progress in the pathogenesis and therapy of viral and bacterial diseases. PMID- 6963757 TI - The clinical significance of the delta antigen-antibody system in hepatitis B infections. PMID- 6963759 TI - Nervous-system-specific proteins. PMID- 6963758 TI - Vaccination against hepatitis B. PMID- 6963760 TI - Olfactory marker protein (OMP). PMID- 6963761 TI - Synaptic membrane proteins in mammalian brain. PMID- 6963762 TI - Cephalopod brain-specific proteins. PMID- 6963763 TI - Control of the quality of the occlusal position in orthodontic treatment. PMID- 6963764 TI - Condyle neck periostomy and the mitotic activity in the condylar tissues of young rats. PMID- 6963765 TI - A comparison of 15 year old children with excellent occlusion and with crowding of the teeth, Angle Class I malocclusion, in respect of face size and shape and tooth size. AB - The biological conflict that manifests itself in crowding of the teeth in man has fascinated orthodontists for generations. Correlations between tooth size and tooth arrangement can be shown, but such correlations tend to leave much unexplained in practical terms. The present report presents data from a preliminary examination of face size and shape and tooth size in boys and girls of 15-16 years, of which 47 had excellently arranged teeth and 91 showed crowding. Measurements were taken from lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric X-ray films and from dental casts. The statistical test used was the standard student t-test. Girls' faces were found to be on average significantly smaller than boys' whether the teeth were well arranged or were crowded. The comparisons of face size and shape of boys and girls with well arranged teeth with the faces of those with crowded teeth was less definite in its outcome. Girls' total tooth substance was on average significantly smaller than boys' whether the teeth were well arranged or crowded. Boys and girls with crowded teeth had a larger mean total tooth size than boys and girls with well arranged teeth. PMID- 6963766 TI - A preliminary study of the morphology of the upper gum pad at the age of 6 months. AB - Longitudinal records of 109 individuals born at full term and 30 pairs of twins have been used to study factors which determine the form of the upper gum pad at the age of six months and before the emergence of teeth. The contribution of heredity was found to be less than at birth, and that derived from the underlying teeth to have increased during the first six months of life. It is concluded that the shape of the alveolar process may be modified by physical forces such as sucking habits before teeth erupt into the mouth. PMID- 6963767 TI - Some craniofacial variables related to small or diminishing lower anterior face height. AB - This study will report on some of the conditions necessary for the presence of short or diminishing lower anterior face height and test the relationship between it and selected facial and occlusal variables. The sample consisted of 120 males with complete longitudinal orthodontic records at the ages of 6, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 years obtained from the serial experimental sample of the Burlington Growth Centre, Toronto, Canada. In addition, a sample of 162 Swedish children between the ages of 6 and 12 years with a mean age of 8 years was used to calculate correlations between airflow through the nose, mode of breathing and selected skeletal variables. The following results were observed: 1. The prevalence of small or diminishing lower anterior face height compared to the upper anterior face height was 26% in the total sample of 120 males. This represents an estimate of the prevalence of overclosure in a population of Canadian males. 2. The association between respiratory pattern and small lower anterior face height relative to upper anterior face height showed that the percentage of individuals with a clear nasal airway was 90% while 100% of the sample showed an unobstructed pharyngeal airway. Thus a clear airway may be a necessary prerequisite for the establishment of overclosure. 3. Correlation analyses showed significant negative correlations between the lower anterior face height, the overbite and the airflow through the nose. 4. Three case reports may illustrate the interrelations between mandibular growth direction expressed at the chin and environmental factors such as oral respiration. 5. The association between small or diminishing lower anterior face height and selected facial variables showed the midface normally positioned in the majority of individuals. 6. The mandibular growth direction expressed at the chin was more horizontal in overclosed cases. 7. The gonial angle was more acute in overclosed individuals in relation to population standards. PMID- 6963768 TI - Registration of natural head posture in children. AB - A method for registration of natural head posture is presented. The subject is photographed with contrast markers positioned on one side of the face and an adjacent plumb line as vertical reference. Systematic errors due to rotation and lateral tipping movements of the head were shown to be small and of no clinical importance. The measurement error in the transfer of the plumb line from profile photograph to lateral skull radiograph was shown to be small. Extension-flexion movements were found to have a standard deviation of 2 degrees about the mean in a group of patients between the ages of 12-14 years. Earlier studies show similar results for adults. The study supports the mirror-orientated registration of head posture viewed laterally in children as a biologically acceptable method. PMID- 6963770 TI - The influence of extractions caries cause on the development of malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment. AB - The influence of premature extraction of deciduous teeth, and extraction of permanent teeth due to caries on the frequency of malocclusions was analysed. The patient group comprised 915 children aged 8-16 from a province of Northern Italy. 204 children had experienced premature loss of deciduous teeth and 442 had had permanent teeth extracted, due to caries. The permanent teeth most frequently extracted were the first molars. It was obvious that extraction caries cause had detrimental effect on the development of occlusion resulting in an increased frequency of malocclusions. The frequency of single malocclusion traits was compared between the groups of children with and without loss of teeth. The malocclusion traits most frequently observed in children who had experienced extraction, were dentitional anomalies due to malaligned teeth. Only minor changes in the occlusal anomalies could be observed. There was, however, a pronounced increase in the need for minor as well as major orthodontic treatment. On the basis of these findings it could be concluded that extraction of teeth due to caries should be avoided if the aim of dental service on a population basis is to ensure a well functioning dentition for the maximum number of people. PMID- 6963769 TI - Hypodontia in twins. AB - Plaster study models and intraoral and extraoral radiographs of 165 twin pairs (99 mono and 66 dizygotic) were used to investigate: 1. the frequency of hypodontia of permanent teeth in twins, 2. the concordance-discordance rate of hypodontia in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, 3. the empirical risk of hypodontia occurring in twins. Out of 165 sets of twins, 14 (9 mono and 5 dizygotic) or 8.5% (5.5% monozygotic and 3.0% dizygotic) had hypodontia. This was within the frequency range of the general population (from 2.3% to 9.6%). Second maxillary incisors were the teeth most frequently absent or hypoplastic (peg shaped). This was found in 5 monozygotic and 3 dizygotic sets of twins. It was followed by agenesis of the lower second premolars (in 5 pairs). Hypodontia of the remaining teeth was a rare finding. One member of a monozygotic pair showed agenesis of the left maxillary canine and the other agenesis of the right (a mirror-image similarity). The simultaneous appearance of missing teeth (hypodontia) and supernumerary teeth was found in two pairs of twins (1 monozygotic and 1 dizygotic). Monozygotic twins showed a significantly higher concordance rate for hypodontia than did the dizygotic. Out of 9 monozygotic pairs, 8 (88.9%) were concordant and only one pair discordant for the trait. On the other hand, all 5 dizygotic pairs were discordant for hypodontia. This suggests a high genetic component in the trait. Calculating the risk of hypodontia appearing in twins on the basis of the 14 pairs (both monozygotic and dizygotic) considered here showed that if one member of a pair of twins is affected by hypodontia, the risk of the other twin having the same abnormality increases to 57%. However, if one of a pair of monozygotic twins has the trait, the risk that the other will also have it is increased to 89%. Should however the pair be dizygotic, the risk of the other being affected is reduced to zero. PMID- 6963771 TI - An electromyographic study of post retraction orthodontic patients. AB - 19 patients treated by the Begg technique 7 patients treated by the Edgewise technique and 15 cases treated by a functional technique who had been at from 1 10 years without any form of retention were recorded electromyographically and their patterns of activity compared with those of patients who had a normal occlusion and who had not received orthodontic treatment. In the interocclusal position the patients who had received functional treatment had a balanced activity and were similar to those with a normal occlusion but this was not so when biting on cardboard 0.5 mm thick. The Begg cases were balanced but the amount of activity was reduced by half; the Edgewise cases were balanced when biting on cardboards and were then similar to those with a normal occlusion. PMID- 6963772 TI - Do horizontal growers grow horizontally? AB - It is common to analyse the growth direction of the facial skeleton by registering serial lateral cephalograms on Sella and orienting along Sella Nasion. The present paper reports an exercise in cephalometric growth analysis by an alternate method the study of mean growth tensors. The authors conclude that conventional cephalometric techniques are inadequate for precise analysis and practical prediction of craniofacial change and that cephalometrics should proceed independently of any orientation or registration at all, with analyses following from the phenomenon, not preceding it. PMID- 6963774 TI - Orthopedic appliances modulate the bone formation in the mandible as a whole. PMID- 6963773 TI - Vertical dentofacial changes during Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation. AB - The effect of bite jumping with the Herbst appliance on the vertical dimensions of the dentofacial complex was analysed on profile roentgenograms. The material consisted of 42 Class II, Division 1 malocclusion cases with a deep anterior overbite. Twenty-two of the cases were successfully treated with the Herbst appliance for six months. The other 20 cases served as a control group. The Herbst appliance had a pronounced effect on vertical tooth position. The mandibular incisors and maxillary molars were intruded during treatment while the mandibular molars were allowed to erupt freely. As a result of the dental changes the overbite was reduced, lower facial height was increased as well as the angulation of the maxillary and mandibular occlusal planes. A small positive correlation existed between vertical bite opening at the start of treatment and the treatment changes of overbite, lower facial height and mandibular vertical tooth position. The appliance had a limited effect on vertical mandibular and maxillary jaw position, expressed by the angles ML/NSL and NL/NSL. In four patients, however, a marked posterior rotation of the entire maxillary complex was noted. The clinician should be aware of the vertical dentofacial changes occurring during Herbst appliance treatment and consider these changes when designing his treatment strategy and planning post-treatment retention. PMID- 6963775 TI - Craniofacial morphology in six-year-old Norwegian boys with complete cleft of lip and palate. AB - Twenty-nine Norwegian boys, 9 with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate and 20 with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, were studied at 6 years of age before any orthodontic treatment had been performed. After the introduction in 1970 of a new surgical procedure involving early periostoplasty and bone formation in the cleft area corresponding to the alveolar process, the craniofacial growth pattern of these cleft groups still deviate from that of a normal control material. The growth pattern of the Bergen-patients does not seem to differ from patients where early periostoplasty is not performed and where the hard palate is closed 4-5 years later. PMID- 6963776 TI - Clinical crown length of incisors in 13-year-old boys and girls with different malocclusions. AB - The clinical crown length of incisors in 13-year-old children with different malocclusions was compared. The children were classified as follows: II1 Class II, division 1 cases with deep overbite. II2 Class II, division 2 cases. III Class III cases with complete or partial frontal inversion. IV Cases with aplasia of the upper laterals. The groups were subdivided by sex and recruitment was continued until each group contained 30 boys and 30 girls. The results are shown in Table 2. Good agreement was found between boys and girls with respect to the results of measurement of the different variables, comparison of the different malocclusion groups showed that the clinical crown length was greater in groups II1 and III than in groups II2 and IV. Comparison of groups II1 and III showed a somewhat greater crown length of the lower incisors in the prenormal children. The findings are discussed in relation to the following three hypotheses: 1. Proclined incisors have a longer clinical crown than upright incisors. 2. The incisors overerupt in children with large lower facial height, leading to an increased clinical crown length. 3. Local gingival conditions influence the clinical crown length. PMID- 6963777 TI - Roentgencephalometric standards for the facial skeleton and soft tissue profile of Swedish children and young adults. II. Comparisons with earlier Scandinavian normative data. AB - The purpose of this report is to compare a Swedish so-called normal material (Thilander et al.1983) with previously presented normal materials of Scandinavian origin and with standards for parameters in some frequently used roentgencephalometric systems. The material comprises Swedish children and young adults who fulfil special criteria of normal occlusion and harmonius skeletal relations and in whom roentgencephalometric data were collected. Parts of the material here reported are designated the 10-, 13- and 16-year-old groups. Comparison of the cephalometric data for the age-group 10 years in our material and a previously presented Norwegian normal material (Humerfelt 1970) showed remarkably good agreement for both angular and linear measurements in both sexes. Good agreement was also found between angular measurements in the 16-year-old group and those presented by Werner(1954) for Swedish 13-16-year-old children, but there seem to be differences for certain mandibular parameters. Comparison with data for 12-year-old Swedish boys with varying occlusion, presented by Bjork(1947), reveals differences for several angular mandibular measurements. The highly significant differences between the linear measurements in the two materials are probably partly explained by age differences but also tend to corroborate the indications of differences in skeletal pattern suggested by the angular measurements, which are due to the selection criteria. Finally, comparison with the Bergen norms for the straight face (Hasund 1973) shows that the agreement is generally acceptable for angular measurements and the standards may be considered sufficiently reliable for use in clinical orthodontics. They should be supplemental with the age-related variations, however. PMID- 6963778 TI - A comparison of the adult Swedish and Danish craniofacial morphology. AB - Two Scandinavian studies of craniofacial morphology (Ingerslev & Solow 1975, Sarnas & Solow 1980) provided an opportunity to compare the facial profile in young adult Swedes and Danes. The Swedish and Danish samples were similar with regard to age distribution, sample size, dental conditions and radiographic procedures. For each sex, 32 skeletal dimensions were common to both studies, and were compared by t-tests. There was a tendency for the average linear dimensions of the Swedish males to be larger than those of the Danish males, whereas the average linear dimensions of the Swedish females tended to be smaller than those of the Danish females. Both Swedish males and females showed a larger average inclination of the mandibular plane in relation to the anterior cranial base and palatal plane than the Danes, and a smaller inclination of the lower incisors to the mandibular plane. PMID- 6963779 TI - Analysis of variance in assessing registrations of natural head position. AB - Recordings of natural head position may be performed directly during radiographic registration or indirectly by a photographic transfer procedure. The aim of this investigation was to examine and quantify the different sources of error in one photographic method using an analysis of variance. The material consisted of 15 senior dental students between the ages of 24-34 years. Intra-observer results show that the error associated with transfer of the plumb line to the tracing and digital recording of the reference points is small in comparison with the tracing error and intra-individual postural variation as registered photographically. By relating the total analysis error to the inter-individual postural variation it was possible to perform a preliminary evaluation of the precision of the entire registration method prior to continued collection of raw data. In this case it was found that duplication of tracings and photographs was the most rational approach resulting in an analysis error equivalent to 9.5 percent of the estimated postural variation between individuals. PMID- 6963780 TI - The bonded lingual retainer and multiple spacing of anterior teeth. AB - Retaining tooth positions after orthodontic space closure in cases with multiple spacing of anterior teeth are illustrated by selected cases with varying degrees of bimaxillary spacing initially (Figs. 1-6). In each case, bonded lingual retainers which allowed physiologic tooth movements were used with encouraging results. A meticulous technique for fabrication and bonding of flexible spiral wire retainers is mandatory for clinical success. Detailed recommendations are presented. If similar trials by others confirm the durability and effectiveness of acid-etched lingual retainers, it is expected that the technique can be recommended for routine clinical application. PMID- 6963781 TI - Changes in length and torque of the masticatory muscles produced by the activator appliance. A cephalometric study. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure cephalometrically the change in muscle length and torque of the masticatory muscles produced by an activator appliance. The study was based on 10 orthodontic cases with distoclusion. Muscle length and force arm (leverage) were measured on two lateral cephalometric roentgenograms of each subject, one with the teeth in centric occlusion and one with an activator between the teeth. The construction bite of the activator was taken with the mandible repositioned 2-3 mm below and 5-6 mm ahead of resting position. It was found that the temporal masseter and medial pterygoid muscles increased 5-15% in length whereas the lateral pterygoid decreased 25% in length with the activator in place. The effect on the force arm on the temporal muscle was small, a decrease of 3-6%, but that on the masseter was much more dramatic, a decrease of 21-22%. Thus, as far as the torque of the temporal muscle is concerned, the small decrease in force arm is well compensated for by the increased muscle tension due to the stretching by the activator. The clinical significance of the findings for obtaining the best construction bite of the activator is discussed. PMID- 6963782 TI - The effect of 50 per cent phosphoric acid on oral soft tissues. AB - The effect of 50 per cent phosphoric acid on oral soft tissue was studied in two investigations. In the first investigation the buccal mucosa of three rats was studied after contact with phosphoric acid for 1, 5 and 10 minutes respectively. The material of the second investigation comprised of 26 patients from whom 31 pairs of premolars were planned to be extracted for orthodontic reasons. Phosphoric acid was applied for 90 seconds on one tooth and its buccal gingival margin in each pair of teeth. After a period varying between 1 and 7 days the tooth and a section of the gingiva were extracted and prepared for microscopic examination. The second tooth in each pair was the control tooth. The study showed that only a relatively long acid application time resulted in obvious histologic changes in the mucous membrane. The phosphoric acid gave no demonstrable gingival reaction in the patients. PMID- 6963783 TI - The effect of xylitol gum and rinses on plaque acidogenesis in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. PMID- 6963784 TI - The labio-lingual position of the lower incisors in individuals with ideal occlusion. A study on medieval skulls. AB - In a sample of 73 Norwegian medieval skulls with ideal, occlusion measurements were taken directly on the dental arches and on lateral cephalograms. The configuration of the lower face and the position of the incisors were different from modern Norwegian adults. Consequently the material could be used to verify a linear relationship between the position of the lower incisors and some guiding variables. The principles of a guiding multiple linear equation as used in the Bergen cephalometric analysis was confirmed. Further, it was shown that the group of guiding variables related to the position of the lower incisors could be extended by introducing dental arch dimensions. PMID- 6963785 TI - Influence of the modified Milwaukee brace on the dentofacial complex. AB - The influence of the Milwaukee brace treatment in a material of 56 patients, mean age 13.9 +/- 2.1 years, was studied. Thirteen of the patients wore monoblock and 46 did not, during the period of wearing the MW-brace, mean 0.9 years. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms and study models were analysed. Small but significant detrimental changes were seen in about half of the 22 dentofacial variables analysed. Decreasing of the interincisors angle and the palatal vault height, and increasing of the ILs-SNL, ILs-MaxL and canine width were highly significant changes. Detrimental changes in the monoblock group occurred also but they were not as considerable as in the non-monoblock group. The influence of the five dentofacial characteristics which were analysed in more detail did not show any clear correlation to the magnitude of the change. PMID- 6963786 TI - Identification of cases requiring orthodontic treatment. A longitudinal study. AB - The present paper is a report on the second part of a longitudinal study dealing with the identification of children requiring orthodontic treatment. The series consisted of 200 children selected at random. The children were first examined at the age of 7 and next time at the age of 10. At the second examination 38% were found not to need any orthodontic treatment, while it was considered necessary to follow the occlusal development in 19%, and 43% were found to need treatment. The treatment need was urgent in 17%, moderate in 16% and slight in 10%. The re examination of the untreated children at the age of 10 offered a possibility of checking the orthodontic prognosis made at the age of 7. It was concluded that only children showing cross bites and severe Class II malocclusions can reliably be selected for treatment at the age of 7. At this age misjudgements can be made with regard to dental arch crowding, open bite, deep bite, overjet and distal occlusion. Furthermore, it was concluded that a final decision concerning the need of orthodontic treatment cannot always be made even in 10-year-old children. The study will be continued by examinations at the ages of 12 and 14. PMID- 6963787 TI - Experiences with infant and delayed periosteoplasty. AB - At the Cleft Palate Centre, Uppsala, Sweden, the periosteoplasty procedure had been used since 1964 to obtain bone continuity in the maxillary alveolar cleft area. This operation is performed either in infancy or as an early secondary (delayed) procedure. The amount of new bone formed in the alveolar cleft area was classified in 4 types according to Hellquist & Skoog 1976. The influence of the periosteoplasty on craniofacial growth and dental occlusion was studied longitudinally in different series of patients from the Uppsala region of Sweden, operated on with either infant or delayed periosteoplasty. As a result of delayed periosteoplasty, good bone formation in the alveolar cleft area was noted in 80% of the cases in patients younger than 7 years of age at the time of operation, compared with 47% after infant periosteoplasty. In the patients subjected to delayed periosteoplasty, the frequency of anterior crossbite was lower than that reported for other Scandinavian cleft lip and palate materials of the same age and type of cleft. Cephalometric analysis indicated that growth of the facial skeleton of the patients subjected to delayed periosteoplasty was well within the limits reported for other Scandinavian cleft lip and palate materials of the same age and type of cleft, subjected neither to periosteoplasty nor to primary bone grafting. PMID- 6963788 TI - Clefts of the secondary palate associated with the "Pierre Robin syndrome". Management by early maxillary orthopaedics. PMID- 6963789 TI - A comparison of the reliability of measurement of cephalometric radiographs by tracings and direct digitization. PMID- 6963790 TI - Herbal tea infusions--their acidity, fluoride and calcium concentration. PMID- 6963791 TI - Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse--further aspects concerning its chemical compatibility, stability and detection of potentially harmful degradation products. PMID- 6963792 TI - Anti-microbial agents used in dentistry. Part II. Less commonly used agents. PMID- 6963793 TI - [Histopathology of the marginal periodontium]. PMID- 6963794 TI - [The effect of sugar substitutes on the periodontium. An overview]. PMID- 6963795 TI - [Hydrotherapeutic measures as an element of periodontal prevention in an industrial area]. PMID- 6963796 TI - [Periodontal aspects of orthodontic measures]. PMID- 6963797 TI - [Analysis and guidance in nutrition]. PMID- 6963798 TI - [Prosthodontic treatment of a female patient with cleidocranial dysostosis. An interesting case]. PMID- 6963799 TI - [Allergic reaction to chlorhexidine gluconate. A case report]. PMID- 6963800 TI - [Analysis and goal orientation in the study of dentistry]. PMID- 6963801 TI - [Dental radiodiagnosis--radiation exposure and radiation protection]. PMID- 6963802 TI - [On the external action of fluorides: their antibacterial and plaque-inhibiting significance. I: Literature survey and in vitro studies]. PMID- 6963803 TI - [The fluoride content of bakery products in Hungarian communities with drinking water relatively high in fluoride content]. PMID- 6963804 TI - [Tongue trust - modifying and complicating factors in the clinical picture of marginal periodontitis]. PMID- 6963805 TI - [Effect of age on periodontologically-indicated vestibule deepening]. PMID- 6963806 TI - [Control of the temperature of the oral mucosa in various portions of the gingiva in periodontally healthy patients]. PMID- 6963807 TI - [Technic and evaluation of the success of the closure of oro-gnathic fistulas using a stabilized venous blood coagulum and a surgical adhesive]. PMID- 6963808 TI - [Case report concerning the prosthesis treatment of a cleft patient with an incompletely closed cleft palate]. PMID- 6963809 TI - [Symmetric "fibroma" of the oral cavity. An interesting case]. PMID- 6963810 TI - [Training model for the method of local anesthesia in the gnathic region]. PMID- 6963811 TI - [Integration of the 952 C sensitivity tester with Probaset equipment]. PMID- 6963812 TI - [Two-shift system in a dental care service]. PMID- 6963813 TI - [Safety regulations in dentistry]. PMID- 6963814 TI - Pathophysiology of uveitis. PMID- 6963815 TI - Epidemiology of uveitis. PMID- 6963817 TI - Role of viruses in uveitis. AB - The viruses and related organisms, which have been either demonstrated or suspected as the origin of various forms of uveitis, cause mostly morphologically non-specific disease. On the other hand, unidentified viruses have been supposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of well-defined systemic diseases complicated by uveitis. The syndromes in which the uveitis has a specific clinical appearance are briefly presented, including the available laboratory techniques, and their diagnostic value is discussed. In most cases, however, the determination of the responsible virus remains very difficult. PMID- 6963816 TI - Perpetuation of inflammation in uveitis. AB - A large number of different and predominantly non-specific mechanisms has evolved to amplify and to perpetuate inflammatory reactions. Which of these mechanisms enters into play depends upon the nature of the primary insult. Thus, pyogenic bacteria call forth polymorphonuclear leucocytes, which release enzymes and other pharmacologically active substances to enhance the response. Other organisms elicit a predominantly monocytic response, whose active monokines contribute further to the infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells. Those stimuli involving antigens act primarily upon lymphocytes, whose lymphokines contribute significantly to the amplification and perpetuation of inflammation. This paper will present examples of these and other mechanisms that enhance and prolong the inflammatory response, with special emphasis on those that contribute to immunopathological disease. PMID- 6963818 TI - Bacterial and protozoal uveitis. AB - Tuberculosis and syphilis are often missed by ophthalmologists. The remedy is to perform complete PPD and FTA-ABS testing in all cases of uveitis in which the diagnosis is not apparent. Ocular toxoplasmosis should never be treated with corticosteroids alone but should be covered by at least one antitoxoplasmic agent. From none to four systemic medications may be used depending on the position and severity of the retino-choroiditis. There are currently two schools of thought in the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. It is suggested that each school should combine their minimal diagnostic criteria as a start in developing common diagnostic measures. PMID- 6963819 TI - The lens in uveitis. PMID- 6963820 TI - Pathophysiology of glaucoma in uveitis. AB - Glaucoma secondary to uveitis may occur by any one or by a combination of several different pathophysiological mechanisms. These include acute angle-closure due to iris bombe caused by posterior synechiae; chronic angle-closure due to peripheral anterior synechiae; and open angle glaucoma due to obstruction and/or inflammation of the trabecular meshwork. Secretory hypotony may mask impairment of outflow, while steroids used to treat the uveitis may further complicate the situation by causing a rise in intraocular pressure. Careful delineation of the pathophysiology involved is the cornerstone of successful management. PMID- 6963821 TI - Iritis in leprosy. AB - Iritis in leprosy is still a significant cause of blindness and visual impairment in this disabling disease. Evidence is accumulating from clinical observations and from pathological and pharmacological studies that the chronic iritis of lepromatous leprosy may have a neuroparalytic origin. A hypothesis derived from this evidence is presented in order to stimulate further research into the pathogenesis of this condition with a view to developing new methods of management and prevention. PMID- 6963822 TI - Studies of the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. PMID- 6963823 TI - Role of immune complexes in uveitis. PMID- 6963824 TI - Uveitis associated with scleritis. AB - In a clinical series of 350 eyes and a histopathological review of 100 globes, iridocyclitis was associated with scleritis in 42 and 63 per cent and choroiditis in 12 and 62 per cent respectively. Clinical, histological, and experimental evidence suggests that sclero-uveitis begins with a combination of immunological reactions. The host's individual immune response after foreign or self antigenic stimuli determines the presence, type, and extent of the scleral granulomatous inflammation and the uveal vasculitis. The presence of iridocyclitis accompanying scleritis offers presumptive evidence that a vasculitic process has extended to the inner structures of the globe and is an ominous sign of further complications and progressive visual loss. PMID- 6963825 TI - Aetiology of sympathetic ophthalmitis. AB - The aetiology of sympathetic ophthalmitis is still unknown. Recent investigations on patients and experimental studies on allergic uveitis in guinea-pigs suggest that sympathetic ophthalmitis may be due to delayed hypersensitivity to one of the retinal antigens associated with photoreceptor membranes (called the retinal 's' antigen). It is postulated that a penetrating injury causes a reversal of normal tolerance by introducing an adjuvant effect from bacterial or viral contamination along with the release of the intraocular antigen. The antigen then gains access to the regional lymphatics by way of the penetrating wound. A specific cell-mediated immune response is then initiated followed by the onset of sympathetic ophthalmitis. PMID- 6963826 TI - Pars planitis. AB - We have studied seven eyes from six patients with longstanding pars planitis. Two eyes were phthisical. The remaining five eyes from four patients showed similar findings and included retinal phlebitis, disc and macular oedema, and the presence of a 'snowbank' over the inferior peripheral retina and pars plana. The snowbank consisted of posteriorly detached and collapsed vitreous in which cellular proliferation from the retina with non-pigmented ciliary epithelium was present. Electron microscopy showed the presence of fibrous astrocytes and collagen in two eyes. Retinal neovascularization extended into the snowbank in one case. We have also studied vitreous and preretinal membranes and a portion of a snowbank obtained by pars plana vitrectomy from two eyes of two young patients with active pars planitis. The snowbank and preretinal membranes contained fibrous astrocytes and new collagen and the vitreous snowballs consisted of granulomatous inflammation. PMID- 6963827 TI - Uveal effusion syndrome. AB - Cilio-choroidal effusion is a non-specific reaction seen in numerous clinical conditions. It is important to recognize this condition and distinguish it from a solid tumour. Some eyes with this condition have been mistaken for ring melanoma and have been enucleated. In some instances cilio-choroidal effusion is caused by specific conditions and in others it is associated with systemic diseases such as the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada and the uveal effusion syndromes. In many cases the cause is not apparent and there are no associated or systemic features. This paper reviews the clinical and histopathological features of cilio-choroidal effusion in general, and the uveal effusion syndrome in particular. PMID- 6963829 TI - Care of children with anterior uveitis. AB - The clinical features of 290 children with anterior uveitis are presented. The vast majority suffered from chronic uveitis. Specific uveitis entities in children include the syndrome of 'chronic iridocyclitis' in girls, heterochromic cyclitis, and pars planitis. Systemic associations include sarcoidosis, the Vogt Harada-Koyanagi syndrome, and the seronegative arthritides (juvenile chronic arthritis, juvenile ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and rarely Reiter's and Becet's syndromes). Children with a pauciarticular onset of juvenile chronic arthritis, especially when combined with positive findings for antinuclear antibody, are at particular risk of developing chronic anterior uveitis. Most cases of chronic anterior uveitis can be controlled with topical corticosteroids. Those that are resistant to both topical and systemic corticosteroids may have to be treated with chlorambucil. The operation of lensectomy is a great advance in the management of complicated cataract. Secondary glaucoma is the most devastating complication of chronic anterior uveitis in children and responds poorly to therapy. PMID- 6963828 TI - Physiopathology of Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis. AB - The aetiopathogenesis of Fuchs's disease is still unknown. Recent findings indicate that the role of the sympathetic nervous system can be excluded and that the theory of heredodegeneration is a more probable explanation. A congenital predisposition to the disease which may possibly be related to some malformation of the iris vessels should be considered. This may explain why the disease is not always unilateral. The recent immunological anomalies found in the aqueous humour should be confirmed. Comparative studies of clinical, vascular, and immunological data could be of great interest in the future. PMID- 6963830 TI - Treatment of uveitis. PMID- 6963832 TI - [Ascariasis in polar foxes]. PMID- 6963831 TI - The role of prostaglandin D2 in IgE-mediated reactions in man. PMID- 6963833 TI - [Intraocular foreign bodies of a non-magnetic nature. Retrospective study]. AB - The analysis of 243 cases with perforative eye injuries with intraocular foreign bodies was performed. Of them 183 were caused by non-magnetic and 60 by magnetic foreign bodies. The increased number of perforative injuries caused by non magnetic foreign bodies was observed (71,2%). A large number of non-magnetic foreign bodies contained copper (76%). In 74% cases non-magnetic foreign bodies were found in the posterior eye segment. By introducing modern diagnostical and surgical methods (1976) the percentage of removed non-magnetic foreign bodies is significantly higher (93%) compared to the previous period (1961-1975). PMID- 6963834 TI - [Clinical characteristics of primary hyperlipoproteinemia type IV. An analysis of 86 patients]. AB - In 86 patients with primary HLP type IV over 50% were detected at systematical examinations of non-commissioned officers so that the number of male patients is uncommonly very high, 80, (93%). The highest number of patients--66 (92,5%) belonged to the age group 41-60 years. The analysed group showed the increased incidence of: obesity (60,5%), disturbed glycoregulation (45,3%), arterial hypertension (34,9%), ischemic heart disease (26,7%), hyperuricemia (23%), occlusive peripheral artery disease (16,3%), low values of serum cholesterol concentration LVG (X = 0,98 mmol/l), markedly decreased fibrinolytic activity (eugolobulin fibrinolysis 240 +/- 29 min) and hyperinsulinism (in 9 of 13 patients). Eruptive xanthomas were found in 7 (8,1%) patients. Due to male predominance the incidence of cholelithiasis is lower than expected (8,1%). PMID- 6963835 TI - [Personal experience and results in the treatment of hearing loss with myringoplasty]. AB - Within the period of eight years (1973-1981) at the Clinic for ORL Diseases of the Military Medical Academy 150 myringoplasties were performed. The authors have presented the method, choice of grafts for reconstruction, functional success and immediate complications. Improved hearing was achieved in 89,34% of patients while hearing impairment was found in 10,66% of patients. The authors consider that myringoplasty, together with good microsurgical technique choice of grafts and correct indications, presents one of most successful otological operations. PMID- 6963837 TI - [Noise and hearing damage in operators of construction machinery]. AB - Spectral analysis of noise and graphical illustrations of total noise levels at working places of assistants of engineering machines in road building activities were performed. Also, otoscopic and audiometric examinations were carried out in 134 assistants of engineering machines. In spite of a relatively intensive noise of a larger number of the examined machines, new perceptive hearing impairment during army service were not found, except for 10,45% cases detected on the day of entering the Y.P.A. service. Absence of acoustic trauma can be explained by short total exposure since 6 months are spent on road building as well as short daily exposure since the working day lasts four hours for assistants and their helpers when working with engineering machines. PMID- 6963836 TI - [The presence and significance of HBe antigens and anti-HBe antibodies in HBs antigen positive patients]. AB - There have been examined 105 sera of HBeantigen carriers, 30 of patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, 17 of patients with active hepatitis and 30 of HBeantigen-positive patients on chronic hemodialysis) for the presence of HBeantigen and antiHBe antibodies. A high percentage of HBeantigens was found in patients with chronic active hepatitis (88,2%) as well as in patients on chronic hemodialysis (86,7%) while the finding of antiHBeantigen in these two groups was low, 11,8% and 3,3%, respectively. The presence of HBeantigen in other two groups was lower, 26,7% in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and 28,5% in patients with asymptomatic HBe antigenemia. AntiHBe antibodies were present in a higher percentage in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (70%) than in asymptomatic HBeantigen carriers (57,1%). The presence of HBeantigens is not always sign of severe liver function disorder as well as the presence of anti HBe antibodies is not always sign of preserved liver function. PMID- 6963838 TI - [On the occasion of opening a new building at the Military Medicine Academy]. PMID- 6963839 TI - [Appearance of hepatitis B in a family environment]. AB - The study comprised 20 families with total of 83 members of whom 45 with hepatitis B. The selection was made of families with at least two members diseased which was the most common case, the marital couples being in question. Of other families, three families had three members and one family four members with hepatitis B virus infection. The largest number had severe clinical picture (44%) and 13 (28%) chronic active hepatitis. Four patients with the most severe clinical picture of chronic active hepatitis, together with HBeantigens, had positive HBeantigen for more than two years since the onset of the disease. Importance of damaged skin and mucosa in spreading of hepatitis B infection in family environment has been pointed out. PMID- 6963840 TI - [New possibilities of diagnosing intestinal helminthiasis by flotation of ova in a honey medium]. AB - Aqueous honey solution of 1350 specific weight, was used as a medium for flotation of intestinal helminth eggs. By the method of Lorincz 446 stools of soldiers were examined by parallel flotation in honey and glycerine. By flotation in honey solution helminth eggs were found in 168 (37,6%) and by flotation in glycerin in 96 (21,5%) which made the difference of 72 (16,1%). The most commonly were found: Trichuris trichuria eggs in honey solution in 108 (24,2%) stools and in glycerin in 86 (15,2%); Ascaris lumbricoides eggs in honey solution in 39 (8,7%) stools and, in glycerin in 10 (2,2%); while eggs of other intestinal helminths were rarely found and if they were found their number was approximately same obtained by both methods. Aqueous honey solution has shown to be a very suitable medium for flotation of intestinal helminth eggs, especially in cases when stools contain a small number of eggs and that mainly immature eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides which can be hardly found by flotation in glycerin. PMID- 6963841 TI - [Mast cells in the dental pulp]. PMID- 6963842 TI - [Computerized patient records and acquisition of data on the services performed by the University dental clinic]. PMID- 6963843 TI - [Congenital fistulas of the lower lip]. PMID- 6963844 TI - [Roentgenology in dentistry. Its use in diagnosis]. PMID- 6963845 TI - On the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in man. AB - 1. Fasting concentrations of C, CD and D were determined in systemic and portal venous serum in gallstone patients and controls (patients with adenomyoma of the gallbladder) undergoing cholecystectomy. No differences were observed between the two groups either in systemic or portal serum concentrations of the bile acids or in their hepatic uptake. Ketonic bile acid concentrations amounted to 9% and 8% of the non-oxidized bile acids in the systemic and portal circulation, respectively. 2. Fasting systemic and portal venous serum concentrations of bile acids were measured in gallstone patients fed with C and CD prior to cholecystectomy. Treatment with CD increased the total portal inflow of bile acids by 60%, whereas C treatment did not alter this total inflow compared with controls. This difference may partly explain why hepatic bile is unsaturated during treatment with CD, but not with C. 3. The postprandial concentrations of bile acids were determined in the systemic and portal venous circulation in cholecystectomized patients. The systemic venous bile acid level reflected the portal venous level. The estimated hepatic uptake of the individual bile acids was highly efficient and could not be saturated during maximal physiological portal inflow to the liver. The existence of a lymphatic transport of bile acids, calculated to correspond to about 0.2% of the portal transport, was demonstrated in four patients undergoing renal transplantation. 4. Cholestyramine treatment was shown to reduce the plasma cholesterol level in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia without lowering the fasting systemic level of total bile acids. Nor did this treatment reduce the fasting portal inflow of total bile acids. The total bile acid concentration in healthy volunteers during treatment showed a 40% reduction postprandially, but not in the fasting state, indicating that the effect of cholestyramine on hepatic cholesterol metabolism is the consequence of a reduced postprandial inflow of portal bile acids. The effects of the loss of the active site of bile acid absorption on the postprandial serum bile acid pattern were studied in patients with ileal resections. In general, the postprandial response of C was reduced whereas that of CD remained less affected. PMID- 6963846 TI - [Endoperiodontal relations of pulp origin]. PMID- 6963847 TI - The Swedish Gynecological Society. PMID- 6963848 TI - Occurrence of respiratory diseases and symptoms among Finnish youth. A follow-up survey. PMID- 6963849 TI - Breast versus formula feeding. PMID- 6963850 TI - Pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6963851 TI - ESPGAN committee on nutrition. Guidelines on infant nutrition. III. Recommendations for infant feeding. PMID- 6963853 TI - [Acta Stomatologica Croatica -- its position and influence in the development of dental science]. PMID- 6963852 TI - Similarities and differences on the MMPI between women with bulimia and women with alcohol or drug abuse problems. AB - This study compared the MMPI MacAndrew Scale, mean profile, mean scale scores, and codetypes of women with bulimia and women with alcohol or drug abuse problems. Women with alcohol or drug abuse problems scored significantly higher on the MacAndrew Scale and several mean MMPI scale scores than women with bulimia. However, mean MMPI profiles and distribution of MMPI codetypes were similar between these two groups. PMID- 6963854 TI - [The significance of the simultaneous occurrence of burning mouth and gastric disturbances]. PMID- 6963855 TI - [Age changes in the mental foramen in experimental animals]. PMID- 6963856 TI - [An analysis of malocclusion in a selected group of school children]. PMID- 6963857 TI - [The Gillies-Kilner-Stone method in the treatment of fractured zygomatic bones]. PMID- 6963858 TI - [The significance of the width of keratinized gingiva for periodontal health]. PMID- 6963859 TI - [Hypertrophy of soft tissue of the upper vestibulum of the oral cavity treated by an open surgical method]. PMID- 6963860 TI - [A table for radiographic analysis]. PMID- 6963861 TI - [Restorative procedures and prevention in dentistry]. PMID- 6963862 TI - [Overview of the problem of dry socket]. PMID- 6963863 TI - [Sucking habits in children 6-15 years of age in Santo Domingo]. PMID- 6963864 TI - Dental stains and their relationship to periodontal diseases in children. PMID- 6963865 TI - A safe dental needle. PMID- 6963867 TI - [A simplified local anesthetic technic for mandibular deciduous molars]. PMID- 6963866 TI - [Oral habits in children and their psychological trauma]. PMID- 6963868 TI - Effect of fluoride treatment and subsequent placement of cement on enamel microhardness. PMID- 6963869 TI - [Current problems in the clinical picture of osteogenic sarcoma]. PMID- 6963870 TI - [Eruption sequence of permanent teeth in male children]. PMID- 6963871 TI - [Fibroameloblastic odontoma]. PMID- 6963873 TI - [Influence of dietary salt concentrations on the incidence of caries in rats]. PMID- 6963872 TI - [Ultrastructural observations on the subepithelial sensory lamellar corpuscle of the gingiva of the Cebus apella monkey]. PMID- 6963874 TI - [Effect of wetting agents on the surface tension of gypsum products during the setting reaction]. PMID- 6963875 TI - [Prevalence of carious lesions on the mesial surface of permanent 1st molars in school children. (A comparative study between school children in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas)]. PMID- 6963876 TI - [Changes in the skull shape and muscles of mastication after fracture and dislocation of the zygoma in the tufted capuchins (Cebus apella)]. PMID- 6963878 TI - [Chondroma of the tongue]. PMID- 6963877 TI - [Effect of the extract of alumbarktree seeds, Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth (Fabales-Mimosaceae), on the submandibular gland of adult rats. Morphological and morphometric study]. PMID- 6963879 TI - Differences in PH fall, phosphorus content and dissolution of enamel in layers of the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans deposited in vitro on bovine enamel granules with and without fluoride varnish. AB - Bovine enamel granules were treated with fluoride varnish for 24 h. Samples of F treated and untreated control enamel were covered with maleic-acid-NaOH buffer (pH 5.8) previously saturated with enamel salts and containing a standard amount of fresh Strep. mutans cells plus KCl and MgCl2 (6 and 1 mM, respectively). The cells were centrifuged on the enamel; sucrose was added to the test and to control systems with fluoridated and non-fluoridated enamel; distilled water was added to non-fermenting controls. After incubation at 37 degrees C for intervals up to 2 h, fluoridation of the enamel had reduced the drop in pH of Strep. mutans plaque by 0.7 pH unit and reduced the release of Ca and P from enamel. Bacterial P levels were also significantly reduced in plaque in contact with fluoridated enamel. Magnesium concentrations outside the enamel were not altered. PMID- 6963880 TI - The relationship between water-borne fluoride, dental fluorosis and skeletal development in 11-15 year old Tanzanian girls. AB - Dental fluorosis was evaluated by a classification system, previously shown to be sensitive, and skeletal changes evaluated by bone maturity and structure. Dental fluorosis was more severe in posterior than in anterior teeth in both jaws irrespective of fluoride concentration of the drinking water. There appeared to be no dependence between fluoride content of the water and skeletal maturity or structure, but there was a definite relationship between the degree of dental fluorosis and skeletal maturity within the high fluoride area. Fluoride concentrations in the drinking water above 3 parts/10(6) seemed to affect all mineralizing tissues under formation. The unique pattern of enamel formation and mineralization renders it the only hard tissue which permits an early diagnosis of the biological effect of even low fluoride doses on the human body. PMID- 6963881 TI - Lectin binding to murine oral mucosa and skin. AB - Carbohydrates on epithelial cell surfaces of oral mucosa and skin from various anatomical regions of C3H mice were demonstrated with fluoresceinated lectins. With an individual lectin, all tissues showed a similar pattern of binding: most lectins showed binding to the cell surfaces of all nucleated cell layers although that to basal cells was often weaker and was occasionally absent. The corneocytes did not typically bind lectins except that the follicular keratin of the tail showed a uniform and intense fluorescence with several lectins. Basement membrane bound all lectins. The results indicate that detectable changes occur in the cell surface carbohydrate composition as cells differentiate but that cell-surface carbohydrates do not differ markedly from one region to the next. Lectin binding may provide a convenient method of detecting functional changes in normal cells and in cells which have undergone experimental or pathological changes. PMID- 6963882 TI - A stereologic analysis of collagen phagocytosis by periodontal ligament fibroblasts during occlusal hypofunction in the rat. AB - Maxillary molars were extracted unilaterally from 4 young male rats so as to leave the agonist mandibular molars in hypofunction. The mandibular molars on the opposite side of the mouth acted as controls. Three days later, the animals were killed by perfusion and all mandibular molars removed en bloc. After demineralization, each block was trimmed, prepared for electron microscopy and embedded in Epon. The Epon blocks were trimmed so as to comprise the middle-third of the buccal periodontal ligament of the mesio-buccal root of the first molar together with some cementum and alveolar bone as landmarks. Two light-gold sections were cut from each trimmed block and systematically photographed in the electron microscope. The photographs were analysed stereologically so as to quantitate phagocytosed collagen (ICC), cytoplasm (CC) and extracellular fibrillar collagen (ECC). The results for the hypofunctional and contralateral control ligaments were compared with each other and with earlier results from similar but untreated (baseline) animals. The results were expressed as mean values for ICC, CC and ECC, and as the ratios ICC/ECC (the fraction of extracellular collagen phagocytosed), ICC/CC (collagen phagocytic activity per unit cytoplasm) and CC/ECC (cell density per unit extracellular collagen fibril). Significant differences were found for all measurements except ICC/ECC which remained the same in the three states of the ligament. The hypofunctional ligaments had the lowest collagen phagocytic activity and the highest cell density, whereas the ligaments from the untreated animals had the highest collagen phagocytic activity and the lowest cell density. The values for the contralateral control ligaments were intermediate between those for the other two states of the ligament. There was also a significant loss of recognizable, extracellular fibrillar collagen in the hypofunctional ligament. It is suggested that this loss of ECC and its replacement by less organized, pre-fibrillar forms of collagen may be an important mechanism in tooth eruption. PMID- 6963883 TI - Influence of selected fatty acids upon plaque formation and caries in the rat. AB - Weanling rats were given high-sucrose cariogenic diets containing 2 per cent lauric acid, linoleic acid, nonanoic acid or monolaurin. Plaque accumulation was determined on the incisors of half the animals during only the last 3 days of the study and on the remaining animals at the conclusion of a 21-day test period when both sulcal and smooth-surface caries were assessed. No significant differences between the test groups in food consumption were observed nor were there any differences in body weight gain. The least amount of plaque was observed in the animals given monolaurin; the other fatty acids exerted no significant effect upon plaque accumulation. The smooth-surface caries data indicated that the least number of lesions occurred in the animals on the diet containing monolaurin. Nonanoic acid was significantly more effective in limiting sulcal caries than any of the other fatty acids studied. Thus both monolaurin and nonanoic acid have significant cariostatic activity in the rat. PMID- 6963884 TI - Activation of intradental nerves in the dog to some stimuli applied to the dentine. AB - Both scraping of superficial dentine and air blasts induced bursts of action potentials in 19 out of 22 units immediately. In 5 out of 16 units 4.9 mol/l CaCl2-solution was also effective. Dry absorbent cotton activated 5 out of 16 units with a 10-20 s latency. All 18 units tested responded to mechanical irritation of the pulp. Acid etching of dentine made the units more sensitive. Resin impregnation abolished the responses. Drilling of dentine with a turbine bur induced responses of the same type as air blasts. Three units responded to heat and 2 also to cold. Hypertonic NaCl-solution was only effective when applied either to the pulp (in 9 out of 12 units) or to the inner dentine (in 5 out of 17 units). It is concluded that intradental nerve fibres sensitive to several different stimuli exist in the dog. Many of the stimuli used induce fluid flow in dentinal tubules in vitro. Nerve activation might have been due to the same mechanism with all stimuli used, possibly to mechanical distortion of the peripheral pulp tissue as a result of the fluid flow. The findings support the hydrodynamic hypothesis of dentine sensitivity. PMID- 6963885 TI - Formation of tight junctions in differentiating and secretory ameloblasts of rat molar tooth germs. AB - Forty newborn rats were perfused with Karnovsky fixative and the tight junctions in differentiating and secretory ameloblasts were examined by conventional electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replications. Pre-ameloblasts were divided into types I, II and III based on morphology. Initial indications of tight-junction formation appeared as linear aggregations of particles in type II. The apparent tight junctional strands were observed in type III and in secretory ameloblasts. Though the junctional strands were numerous and long, no complete barrier between pre-ameloblasts at their distal ends was present. Complete zonular tight junctions were first observed at the distal ends of secretory ameloblasts; at this stage, proximal tight junctions incompletely sealed the paracellular spaces around the ameloblasts. Throughout their formative processes, the tight junctional strands were engaged in forming gap junctions. The structural features of tight junctions were considered to be closely associated with the cytodifferentiation of ameloblasts and permeability in the ameloblast layer. PMID- 6963886 TI - Effect of diet on the colonization of the mouth by Actinomyces viscosus (T-6) in Osborne-Mendel rats. AB - Oral colonization by A. viscosus, strain T-6 was studied in Osborne-Mendel rats which were fed either sucrose, glucose, starch or casein alone ad libitum by mouth. Essential nutrients were given to the rats twice daily by stomach tube. All three carbohydrates supported implantation by Actinomyces to varying degrees. Implantation did not occur when the animals were fed casein. Casein did not have any antimicrobial effect on Actinomyces already established in the rat mouth; it was impossible to eliminate an established Actinomyces flora. Feeding the animals all the dietary components through the stomach tube did not result in eradication of Actinomyces from an established flora. The Actinomyces was considerably diminished when coprophagy was prevented. PMID- 6963887 TI - Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of guinea-pigs to the oral bacterium Actinomyces viscosus. AB - Actinomyces viscosus is a Gram-positive facultative rod indigenous to most human mouths. The guinea-pig was evaluated as a model for assessing cellular immune responses to a human strain of A. viscosus. Guinea-pigs, immunized with heat killed A. viscosus cells or a water-soluble extract from A. viscosus (AVS), were tested for delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to A. viscosus 4 weeks after immunization. A week later, the guinea-pigs were terminated. Lymphocytes from peripheral blood, lymph node and spleen were tested for in-vitro blastogenic responses to heat-killed A. viscosus or the water-soluble extract. Plasma from these guinea-pigs were tested for the presence of precipitating antibodies. Positive in-vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and antibody responses to AVS occurred only in immunized guinea-pigs. A strong in-vitro blastogenic response to AVS or heat-killed A. viscosus occurred in lymphocytes from immunized guinea-pigs, but a weak response was detected in un-immunized animals. These data suggest that the guinea-pig can be used to evaluate different parameters of the immune response to oral bacteria such as A. viscosus. PMID- 6963889 TI - [Suicidal behavior in children]. PMID- 6963888 TI - One-year follow up for the use of collagen for biological anchoring of acrylic dental roots in the dog. AB - Second premolars in both upper and lower jaws of 6 dogs were extracted and acrylic resin replicas were made of the roots. Horizontal channels were drilled across the root replica perpendicular to the long axis. Before implantation, the prepared root replicas were immersed in a solution of native collagen. One year after implantation, proliferation of connective tissue and newly-formed viable bone were observed within the channel as well as surrounding the treated implants. All control implants without collagen treatment were rejected leaving chronically inflamed implantation sites. PMID- 6963890 TI - Value of radiotherapy in preventing loco-regional recurrences after radical mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 6963894 TI - Psychiatry's anxious years: decline in allure as a career leads to self examination. PMID- 6963893 TI - Update on genital herpesvirus infections. PMID- 6963891 TI - Hepatic function, histopathology and biliary flora alterations in chronic cholecystitis. PMID- 6963895 TI - Study on physician mortality yields unexpected findings. PMID- 6963892 TI - Prostatic abscess. PMID- 6963896 TI - [Pediatric electrocardiography (atrioventricular block)]. PMID- 6963898 TI - [General medical concepts in the medical evaluation of participants in footraces]. PMID- 6963899 TI - [Environmental factors in the organization of footraces and marathons]. PMID- 6963897 TI - Sonography quiz (pleural effusion). PMID- 6963900 TI - [Hyperthermia]. PMID- 6963901 TI - [Technical recommendations related to the programming and conducting of footraces in Puerto Rico]. PMID- 6963903 TI - [Pediatric electrocardiography (sinoatrial block)]. PMID- 6963902 TI - Role of non-invasive investigations in the rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 6963904 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. PMID- 6963905 TI - Strategies for improving compliance in hypertensive patients. PMID- 6963906 TI - [The "El Mango" experience: a model of primary health for a community]. PMID- 6963907 TI - [Practical use of pulmonary function tests]. PMID- 6963909 TI - [Urinary infections and pregnancy]. PMID- 6963912 TI - Blood group antigens in Puerto Rican population. PMID- 6963908 TI - [Immunologic changes in the aged population]. PMID- 6963910 TI - Lipids, immunity and cancer. PMID- 6963911 TI - [Precocious sexual development: clinical study in the western region of Puerto Rico]. PMID- 6963913 TI - [Practical use of pulmonary function tests. II. Features of chronic obstructive diseases]. PMID- 6963914 TI - [Digoxin: inotropic agent of the decade]. PMID- 6963915 TI - Hypersomnic diazepam abstinence syndrome: a case report. PMID- 6963916 TI - Chronic brain syndrome reconsidered. PMID- 6963917 TI - [Anatomic guides to endodontic preparation]. PMID- 6963918 TI - [Osteosarcoma: a cancer guide]. PMID- 6963919 TI - [Current status and future perspectives in craniofacial surgery]. PMID- 6963920 TI - [Development of class II, division 2 malocclusion from mixed dentition to permanent dentition]. PMID- 6963922 TI - [Electroerosion in dental technology. Possibilities and limits]. PMID- 6963921 TI - Studies on the human epididymis: partial characterization of 3 alpha- and 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, regional distribution of 5 alpha-reductase and inhibitory effect of 4 delta-3-oxosteroids on 5 alpha-reductase. AB - When [4-14C]-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone was incubated with the homogenate of human epididymis, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstane 3 beta, 17 beta-diol were identified as major metabolites. The ratio of 3 alpha- to 3 beta-epimer in androstanediol formation was approximately 2.4. 5 alpha Androstane-3, 17-dione was also identified as a minor metabolite. Among the subcellular fractions, both the human epididymal 3 alpha- and 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were localized almost exclusively in the cytosol fraction (105,000 X g supernatant). Both enzymes had optimum pH at 7.5 and optimum temperature at 46 degrees C. NADPH was a more preferable cofactor than NADH for both dehydrogenases. The Michaelis constants (Km) of 3 alpha- and 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase for 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were similar and estimated as 8 X 10(-5) M, but the enzymes were unsaturable with the substrate under the conditions investigated, indicating low affinity and high capacity of both dehydrogenases for 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. The human epididymal 5 alpha reductase revealed a regional difference in activity. The 5 alpha-reductase activity in the most proximal part of the head (ductuli efferentes) was one seventh to one tenth the activity in the remaining part of the epididymis which was constructed of ductus epididymis. Except for this finding, the activity of 5 alpha-reductase was highest in the head, then declined along the course to the tail portion. The 5 alpha-reductase for testosterone was competitively inhibited by delta 4-3-oxosteroids such as progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 4-androstenedione, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, which had inhibition constants (Ki) of 3.3 X 10(-9) M, 2.2 X 10(-9) M, 1.8 X 10(-8) M, 1.3 X 10(-8) M, 8.3 X 10(-9) M, 1.5 X 10(-7) M and 8.7 X 10(-8) M, respectively, suggesting the possibility that the 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone is regulated by other delta 4-3-oxosteroids. PMID- 6963923 TI - [Dental alloys with high precious mental content, with low precious content, and no precious metal content]. PMID- 6963925 TI - [Motivation of our orthodopntic patients]. PMID- 6963926 TI - [The patient, the child in particular, and his problems with orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 6963924 TI - [Adenoids - a causal factor in vertical growth patterns?]. PMID- 6963927 TI - [Orthodontic problems in puberty]. PMID- 6963929 TI - [Cervical spinal column in lateral radiographs from an orthopedic viewpoint]. PMID- 6963928 TI - [Basal open bite - a functional risk?]. PMID- 6963930 TI - [Influence of removable orthodontic appliances on the sleep of patients]. PMID- 6963931 TI - [Orthodontics and esthetics in Hungary]. PMID- 6963932 TI - [Etiology and diagnostic judgments in open bite]. PMID- 6963933 TI - [Thoughts on the relationships of cleft patients]. PMID- 6963935 TI - [The patient, the child in particular, and his problems with orthodontic treatment. A panel discussion]. PMID- 6963934 TI - [Functional aspects of skeletal open bites]. PMID- 6963936 TI - [Ear-nose-throat findings in open bite]. PMID- 6963938 TI - [Child as a patient]. PMID- 6963939 TI - [Mouth of the child. Psycho-hygienic crossover of diagnostic and therapeutic measures]. PMID- 6963940 TI - Effect of PGF2 alpha on basal & pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion in anaesthetized albino rats. PMID- 6963937 TI - [Studies on the validity of computer growth predictions]. PMID- 6963941 TI - [Principles of occlusion]. PMID- 6963942 TI - [Skeletal relation - dentoalveolar compensation]. PMID- 6963943 TI - [Criteria for functional occlusion]. PMID- 6963944 TI - [Occlusal concepts]. PMID- 6963946 TI - Major surgery in leukemic patients. AB - During the last ten years, 15 major operations have been performed in our ward on 14 patients with leukemia. Nine had an uncomplicated postoperative course, two succumbed to overwhelming postoperative infections, another two died from cardiovascular complications and one from carcinomatous spread. There were no wound-related complications and no granulocyte or platelet transfusions were necessary. It is concluded that major surgery should not be avoided in patients solely because of the presence of a leukemic process. PMID- 6963945 TI - Analysis of osteoid-forming activity of human osteosarcoma implanted into nude mice. AB - Thirty cases of human osteosarcoma were transplanted subcutaneously in BALB/c nude mice. Twenty-four tumours survived in animals and showed the histopathology of the original tumours. Growth of transplantable tumours was closely related to the amount of osteoid tissue and tumours with predominant osteoid tissue showed slow growth. Tumours whose osteoid-forming activity tended to diminish or disappear were likely to fail early during serial transplantation. Two osteosarcoma (SU and ISHI) were established into permanent transplantable strains and were maintained in nude mice for more than three years. These two strains showed striking differences in their growth capacity; SU grew rapidly and frequently formed pulmonary tumours after tail vein injection of tumour cells. Histologically, ISHI osteosarcoma cells continue to form osteoid tissue, whereas SU cells showed anaplastic changes and lost osteoid-forming activity. Alkaline phosphatase and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of tumour tissue were lower in ISHI than SU, and significant elevation of the relative value of Fraction III of LDH isozyme has been demonstrated in SU, and Fraction IV in ISHI. On this basis, the authors discuss the relation between the amount of osteoid formation or LDH isozyme patterns and the malignant potential of human osteosarcoma. PMID- 6963947 TI - Osteosarcoma of the bone: clinico-pathologic features of sixty-nine cases in Ibadan, Nigeria. AB - Sixty-nine patients with primary osteosarcoma of the bone are reviewed. There were 50 males and 19 female; a male predominance of 2.6:1. The patients presented in advanced stages. In agreement with other authors, we found a peak incidence in the second decade. No associated Paget's disease was found in any of the elderly patients. The long bones of the lower limbs were the most frequently affected. Treatment with amputation was not acceptable to the great majority of our patients. PMID- 6963948 TI - [Prostaglandins of the urogenital organs]. PMID- 6963949 TI - Management of childhood acute leukaemia in Singapore. PMID- 6963950 TI - [Treatment of clinical manifestations of extra-articular rheumatism using electrophoresis with thiomucase]. PMID- 6963951 TI - [Changes in the central nervous system in acute leukemia]. PMID- 6963953 TI - Absence of high-affinity binding of progesterone (R 5020) in human placenta and fetal membranes. AB - Increased levels of maternal serum progesterone occur during the last stages of human gestation. The function of the high level of this steroid is unknown. The presence of a progesterone receptor in the placenta was investigated to determine whether progesterone action on the placenta might serve as one function of the high level of this steroid. Cytosol and nuclear fractions, derived from human placentae and fetal membranes, were examined for the presence of progesterone receptors by conducting exchange assays, using tritiated R 5020 (17,21-dimethyl 19-norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione) as the radiolabelled ligand. High-affinity, low-capacity binding, characteristic of steroid receptors, was estimated as the difference between binding of radiolabelled ligand in the presence of no unlabelled ligand and that in the presence of a 100-fold excess of unlabelled ligand. These exchange assays were conducted during a 24-hour period at 0 degrees C, to allow maximal stability of the receptor, and during a 3-hour period at 20 degrees C, to allow the rapid exchange of radiolabelled ligand for any bound endogenous progesterone. The assays of all fractions showed no specific binding of the R 5020, thus indicating the absence of progesterone receptors in the cytosol and nuclei of the human placenta and the fetal membranes. PMID- 6963952 TI - Fluorescence studies of polyriboadenylic acid and dinucleoside monophosphates containing 1,N6-ethenoadenosine. AB - The fluorescence properties of the 1,N6-etheno derivatives of ApA (epsilon Ap epsilon A) and polyriboadenylic acid (poly epsilon rA) have been examined. The fluorescence quantum yield of poly epsilon rA decreases with an increase in the degree of epsilon-substitution and is much smaller than that for epsilon-AMP even for low degrees of epsilon-substitution. The nearest neighbor interactions such as adenine-epsilon-adenine and epsilon-adenine-epsilon-adenine may be responsible for this behavior. It is found that the fluorescence decay kinetics obeys a three exponential decay law for poly epsilon rA and epsilon Ap epsilon A, suggesting that there exist at least three different stacked conformational states. PMID- 6963954 TI - Macromolecule transfer in the human trophoblast: transcobalamin II-vitamin B12 uptake. AB - The accumulation of the large and hydrophilic IgG, TC II-B12 and B12 molecules is demonstrated for the first time in a human placental system which has metabolic and physiological functions. A trypsin-sensitive component is present in the human term placental uptake of TC II-B12, for which a placental membrane receptor has been previously identified; this component is absent for the accumulation of free B12, which has no known receptor. Analyses of the cytosol and incubation media indicate degradation, binding and release of TC II-B12 and B12 as TC II B12, free B12 and TC I-like complexes. It is suggested that the human placental tissue slice be used for studies involving the binding, uptake and processing of macromolecules as exemplified by TC II-B12. PMID- 6963955 TI - Observations of trophoblast from normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies cultured for prolonged periods. AB - Trophoblastic cells from normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies have been cultured for prolonged periods of time in vitro. The growth characteristics, morphology and hormone production in vitro were similar in both. These results suggest that given a comparable environment in vitro, trophoblast from both normal and pre eclamptic pregnancies does not behave differently. It is suggested, therefore, that the changes classically described in placentae from pre-eclamptic pregnancies are probably secondary to maternal disease rather than a reflection of an altered trophoblast. PMID- 6963956 TI - Placental morphometric studies in diabetic pregnancies. AB - Placentae from 20 pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus were, by morphometric analyses, similar to 20 placentae from normal patients. Since the average gestation in this study was 1.5 weeks less in the PDM group, accelerated maturity rather than retarded villous development may be inferred. Based on maternal HbAIC determinations, neonatal morbidity and macrosomia, the morphometric similarities of PDM to control placentae in this series do not appear to be explained by normalization of maternal blood glucose levels in the diabetic group. PMID- 6963957 TI - Diabetes in pregnancy: a preliminary study of the pancreas, placenta and malformations in the BB Wistar rat. AB - Diabetes in pregnancy was studied in a new animal model, the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat. The BB rat appears to be superior to the drug-induced models for the investigation of the effects of maternal diabetes on fertility, fetal development, and placental function because the disease entity develops spontaneously, is accompanied by destructive insulitis similar to pancreatic lesions in the human condition, and is controlled to various degrees by daily insulin therapy. PMID- 6963958 TI - Pathology of gestational choriocarcinoma induced in patas monkeys by ethylnitrosourea given during pregnancy. AB - A rapidly fatal neoplastic disease with histological and clinical features resembling gestational choriocarcinoma in humans has been observed in patas monkeys. Timed pregnant females were given ethylnitrosourea (ENU) intravenously at doses of 0.1 to 0.4 mmol/kg body weight, beginning on day 30 of gestation and continuing weekly for a total of 12 injections. Of 59 monkeys given ENU during pregnancy, four of 12 subjected to the highest dose and three of the remaining 47 given lower doses died of choriocarcinoma within six months of cessation of ENU exposure. Death was usually caused by exsanguinating haemorrhage. At necropsy, tumour deposits were always numerous in the lungs and were frequently observed in abdominal viscera. An obvious primary uterine tumour was never found, and only one small primary was detected grossly. Sub-endometrial masses of tumour cells were generally observed microscopically, invading the endometrial stroma and forming endovascular tumour deposits in the veins. Both uterine and extrauterine tumour deposits were highly haemorrhagic, often partially necrotic, and consisted of cytotrophoblast-like cells with frequent mitoses, a high degree of cellular pleomorphism and variable but often prominent cytoplasmic glycogen. This tumour was never seen in males or non-gravid adult females. Chorionic gonadotrophin assays conventionally used for human and macaque samples were negative in both normally pregnant and tumour-bearing patas, and did not contribute to the diagnosis. Trophoblast of patas monkeys appears highly susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of ENU and provides an animal model for gestational choriocarcinoma. PMID- 6963959 TI - Detection of low levels of HCG by simple immunoassays, and clinical implications. AB - Traditional, less sensitive simple immunoassays ('Placentex' and 'Pregnosis') were performed concurrently with newer, more sensitive, but simple immunoassays ('Sensitex' and a capillary tube pregnancy test) and radioimmunoassays for beta HCG from two commercial sources (Roche Diagnostics and Monitor Science Corporation). Generally these various assays agreed, but of particular importance for the early screening of urinary HCG (prior to the first missed but expected period) was that the commercial half-unit tube test ('Sensi-tex') gave early positive results comparable to the half-unit research capillary tube test previously reported. These sensitive simple immunoassays (SSIA) may improve the management of patients very early in pregnancy and following termination of pregnancy. PMID- 6963961 TI - Placental function: toxicology and pathology. PMID- 6963960 TI - HL-A antigen frequency distribution in patients with gestational choriocarcinoma and their husbands. AB - HL-A (A,B,C, and DR) antigen frequency distribution was determined in 29 patients with choriocarcinoma and in their husbands, as well as in a matched control population of 21 healthy couples. All 29 patients had achieved complete sustained remission with chemotherapy. The HL-A antigen frequency distribution was normal in the choriocarcinoma patients and in their husbands and there was no abnormal HL-A antigen sharing between patients and their husbands. This study does not exclude the possibility that the pathogenesis of resistant choriocarcinoma may be dependent upon tumour-host histocompatibility. PMID- 6963962 TI - Glutathione-mediated detoxification mechanisms of human placenta. AB - Glutathione peroxidase and GSH S-transferases play significant physiological roles in the detoxification mechanisms. The present study indicates that only selenium-dependent GSH-peroxidase I is present in human placenta. GSH-peroxidase II (non-selenium GSH-peroxidase) is totally absent from this tissue. The placental GSH-peroxidase has a relative molecular mass of 85 000 and is a tetramer of equal-size subunits. It is cyanide sensitive and its properties are similar to those of human erythrocyte GSH-peroxidase. In contrast to human liver, which has seven GSH S-transferases, the placenta has only one species of GSH S transferase. This enzyme (pI 4.5, relative molecular mass 45 000, subunit size 22 500) has a different amino acid composition from that of liver and erythrocyte GSH S-transferases. From immunological studies, the placental GSH S-transferase appears also to have a genetic origin distinct from that of liver, erythrocyte and kidney GSH S-transferases. The placental GSH S-transferase does not express GSH-peroxidase activity. The overall substrate specificities of placental GSH S transferase are also narrow, compared with liver enzymes. The present study indicates that, although these two GSH-linked detoxification mechanisms are operative in placenta, they appear to be less efficient than the similar mechanisms operating in liver. PMID- 6963964 TI - Plutonium movements across the haemochorial placenta of the guinea pig. AB - In order to measure transplacental movements of plutonium without the complications of fetal accumulation, the fetal circulation of the guinea pig placenta (at 59 to 61 days of gestation) was perfused in situ. Dams were administered trace quantities of tritiated water (to indicate changes in maternal blood flow to the placenta) and 30 mu Ci/kg (i.e., approximately 500 micrograms/kg) of citrated 239Pu by intravenous injection. Plutonium-239 doses were large, approaching the LD50/30 (20 to 80 mu Ci/kg) for other species. Perfusion pressure, maternal cardiac rate, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were monitored continuously during each perfusion. Our measurements show that the clearance of plutonium from mother to fetus is small- 2.5 +/- 0.5 microliter/min--an amount that is less than 20 per cent of the clearance of inorganic mercury. The indirect measurements of maternal blood flow to the placenta indicate that placental blood flow is greatly diminished in dams dosed with plutonium, which may partially account for the low clearance of plutonium. PMID- 6963963 TI - Cadmium: placental mechanisms of fetal toxicity. AB - Subcutaneous injections of 40 mumol/kg of CdCl2 given to rats on day 18 of pregnancy produced a high incidence of fetal death and placental necrosis. Fetuses directly injected with CdCl2 in utero were resistant to cadmium levels far in excess of fetal levels associated with fetal death following maternal injection. Thus cadmium-induced fetal death was not the result of a direct effect of cadmium on the fetus. Similarly, exposure of fetuses or dams to Cd metallothionein did not produce fetal death. Placental histological changes and high placental accumulations of cadmium suggested placental mechanisms for the toxicity. Histological changes were observed as early as 12 hours after injection and were characteristic of local circulatory responses. Blood flow measurements with radiolabelled microspheres indicated that uteroplacental blood flow was decreased 40 per cent and 75 per cent at 12-16 hours and 18-24 hours after injection. Studies on the initial responses of the placenta to cadmium exposure revealed that biochemical and ultrastructural changes could be observed in the placenta prior to alterations in blood flow and fetal death. No ultrastructural changes were observed in the uterine vascular endothelium. Thus cadmium-induced fetal death was not the result of direct effects of cadmium but may be the result of a placental effect of the heavy metal. A proposed mechanism for the induction of fetal death is that high placental accumulations of cadmium result in trophoblastic damage which leads to a local circulatory response to the injured tissues and a decrease in uteroplacental blood flow. It is the decrease in nutrient and oxygen transport to the fetus that results from trophoblastic damage and blood flow alterations that ultimately induce fetal death. PMID- 6963965 TI - Differential responsiveness of cells of human amniotic epithelium to ferritin and 125I-prolactin in vitro. AB - Human amniotic epithelium has been found to consist of two cell types, known as dark and light cells, that are functionally different with respect to the passage of large molecules across the epithelium. Both cell types permit passage of ferritin intercellularly, whereas light cells incorporate this macromolecule. Dark cells impair the passage of 125I-PRL both inter- and intracellularly, whereas it is localized in light cells. In addition to a selectivity regarding the transmembrane passage of large molecules by the two cell types, we suggest that the osmoregulatory action of PRL on human amnion is restricted to the epithelial layer, and that its action may be mediated by light cells. PMID- 6963966 TI - Acetylcholine in human term placenta: tissue levels in intact fragments after inhibition in vitro of choline acetyltransferase and relationship to [14C]alpha aminoisobutyric acid uptake. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (ChAc), the enzyme catalysing the biosynthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) in the non-innervated human placenta, was rapidly and persistently inhibited by (2-benzoylethyl)trimethylammonium (BETA) when the drug was applied to intact tissue fragments. This inhibition (50 per cent at congruent to 0.4 mmol/1 BETA) was coupled to a concomitant reduction in the active uptake against a concentration gradient of the nonmetabolizable amino acid alpha aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). The reduction of AIB accumulation (50 per cent at congruent to 0.1 mmol/1 BETA) was temporally related to inhibition of ChAc. These effects suggest that AIB uptake by the human placenta and ACh biosynthesis catalysed by ChAc are related. Measurements of total ACh content in tissue samples treated in parallel with those destined for ChAc and AIB uptake determinations revealed that BETA (3 mmol/1) significantly reduced the ACh levels by 35 to 50 per cent. This drug concentration caused almost complete inhibition of ChAc and blockade of AIB accumulation. PMID- 6963967 TI - Extracorporeal perfusion of the whole human placenta--a new model. AB - An extracorporeal dual perfusion system of the whole human placenta was developed using a technique of multiple blunt cannulations of the intervillous space. The system was evaluated according to various perfusion-dynamic, metabolic and morphological criteria. Angiographic and dye distribution studies showed 80 to 100 per cent perfusion of the placenta. The perfused organ consumed oxygen, utilized glucose and produced HCG. The flow rates and acid-base values were within acceptable limits. However, problems with high fetoplacental vascular resistance, tendency to metabolic acidosis and fetomaternal fluid transfer were encountered. Ultrastructural studies showed variations in the syncytiotrophoblast and the microvilli. PMID- 6963968 TI - Studies of antigenic components of the human syncytiotrophoblast membrane. AB - In order to initiate characterization of potentially immunogenic moieties on the human trophoblast membrane, antisera to native and detergent-solubilized normal trophoblast membranes were prepared in rabbits. By indirect immunofluorescence, these antisera reacted strongly with all villous structures in normal placentae and also with a panel of normal adult human tissues. Specificities to normal human serum components were then removed by solid-phase immunoabsorption. However, the resultant antisera still reacted weakly with differentiated, normal adult tissues, and additional absorption with normal adult liver homogenate was necessary to remove cross-reactivity completely. Such absorbed antisera gave undiminished and specific fluorescence of the syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane, and specifically precipitated two protein species with approximate relative molecular masses of 148,000 and 62,000. However, they also reacted with PHA-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes, in addition to Chang liver and HeLa cell lines. These results indicate that, even after extensive absorption, trophoblast membrane antisera may retain reactivity for determinants shared with normal and transformed adult cells. PMID- 6963969 TI - Rat trophoblastic cell antigenicity. AB - Trophoblast cells were isolated from the trophoblast giant cell (TGC) layer associated with the rat parietal yolk sac and from the chorioplacenta. Antisera to these cells were produced in the rabbit and analysed with several test systems. Anti-TGC sera reacted with Reichert's membrane (RM), TGC, and chorioplacental trophoblast cells (CTC) by immunodiffusion, and immunofluorescent localization showed that antisera produced against both preparations of trophoblast cells reacted with antigens present in RM and the maternal and renal glomeruli. There was no localization in the trophoblast cells themselves. The abortifacient effects of trophoblastic antisera, which were previously reported, were not found to be due to antisera produced to specific antigens of the trophoblastic preparations which were utilized. In fact the only abortigenic effect observed could be eliminated if the TGC antisera were absorbed with RM. There are several possibilities to explain the presence of antigens in the TGC and CTC which cross-react with RM, and these are discussed, but it is important to recognize that, in the rat, the preparations of antisera to TGC and CTC may produce abortigenic and embryotoxic effects by their actions not on the chorioplacenta, but on the yolk sac placentae. Both the previous reports of embryotoxicity of trophoblastic antisera and our own findings only raise many new questions that have obviously not been answered by this study. But these studies make it quite apparent that any immunological, embryotoxic or teratological studies in the rodent that deal with antigens of the chorioplacenta must include simultaneous immunological and biological studies involving the yolk sac placentae, since dysfunction in either of these placentae can result in various types of reproductive failure. PMID- 6963970 TI - Binding of antigen-antibody complexes to mononuclear phagocytes in chorionic villi of human placentae. AB - Both endogenous placental IgG and exogenous antigen-antibody complexes are bound to stromal cells within the chorionic villi of human placentae. Both types of IgG are removed readily from placentae by washing at pH 5.0, while antibodies to placental antigens, when reacted with the villi, are not removed except under very low pH conditions (pH 2.5). Furthermore, when IgG is removed from term placentae and characterized by filtration chromatography, most of the IgG is seen to occur either as IgG fragments or as complexes of greater than 200000 relative molecular mass. This suggests that placental IgG exists as Fc gamma receptor associated antigen-antibody complexes. PMID- 6963972 TI - [Desmoid fibroma of the mandible]. PMID- 6963971 TI - [Morphologic variations in human upper second premolars in an African population in Senegal (for an anthropological approach)]. PMID- 6963973 TI - [The prognathic syndrome: a complete treatment plan around the facial mask]. PMID- 6963975 TI - Humanism and medical responsibility. VIIIth international congress of the AMIEV. 1-5 June, 1981, Tampere, Finland (Asociation Medical Internationale pour l'Etude des Conditions de Vie). PMID- 6963976 TI - Humanism and medical responsibility: the care of the aging. PMID- 6963974 TI - [Fixation of the arch wire to the brackets]. PMID- 6963977 TI - Transfer of medical technology. PMID- 6963978 TI - Problems related to the biological basis of medicine. PMID- 6963979 TI - Medical ethics in Finnish medical journals. PMID- 6963980 TI - Some deontological problems of medicine in the era of scientific-technical revolution. PMID- 6963981 TI - On the special characteristics of drugs and drug market in the developed capitalistic countries. PMID- 6963983 TI - [Humanism and the responsibility of medicine]. PMID- 6963982 TI - Results and problems from work in the field of medical ethics in the GDR. PMID- 6963985 TI - The growing role of humanism in medicine. PMID- 6963984 TI - Medical responsibility in environmental protection. PMID- 6963986 TI - [Malocclusion and caries prevention in deciduous teeth]. PMID- 6963987 TI - [Structure and hardness of the transparent layer of caries dentin]. PMID- 6963988 TI - [Crowns and occlusal equilibration]. PMID- 6963989 TI - [Management of caries in the aged, with special reference to the use of glass ionomer cements]. PMID- 6963992 TI - [Silicone impression material--in search of a more effective use]. PMID- 6963990 TI - [Practice of dental care for the aged. 3]. PMID- 6963991 TI - [Endodontic technics with the McSpadden system (1)]. PMID- 6963993 TI - [Proposal to dentists based on the DMF index]. PMID- 6963994 TI - [Diet and diseases. 2]. PMID- 6963995 TI - [Secretory antibody and immunity to dental caries]. PMID- 6963996 TI - [Classification and diagnosis of caries]. PMID- 6963997 TI - [Ultrastructure of human carious lesions]. PMID- 6963998 TI - [dental caries as an infectious disease]. PMID- 6963999 TI - [An oral bandage for mucosal diseases of the mouth]. PMID- 6964000 TI - [Bone marrow relapses in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6964001 TI - [Aggressive polychemotherapy in prolymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6964002 TI - A retrospective pantomographic study of the edentulous patient - the forensic implications. PMID- 6964004 TI - Why a medical historical museum? PMID- 6964003 TI - How to deal with deep fissures adjacent to a cavity preparation. A case report. PMID- 6964006 TI - Career assistance programs in dental education: student's perceptions. PMID- 6964005 TI - Kinetic studies of the applicability of the common site concept to the 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 5-ene-3-ketosteroid isomerase activities of human placental microsomes. PMID- 6964007 TI - The number and location of threaded pins for optimal resistance and retention in premolar amalgam restorations. PMID- 6964008 TI - [Atypical clinical forms of Type II glycogenosis (Pompe)]. PMID- 6964009 TI - [Heredopathology and so-called bio-ethics]. PMID- 6964010 TI - Splenectomy in chronic myeloid leukaemia. A case report and review. AB - We report the case of a man with chronic myeloid leukaemia, whose disease had undergone transformation and whose life was threatened. Splenectomy was performed, and two years later he is alive and well, taking no anti-leukaemic therapy. Since splenectomy he has had one severe attack of malaria, and one episode of jaundice thought to be due to viral hepatitis. He discontinued his malaria prophylaxis one year ago and has not been ill since. Splenectomy as a last resort will benefit some patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia after transformation, and elective splenectomy should be considered in the management of patients with this disease. However, final unequivocal proof of the value of elective splenectomy is still awaited. PMID- 6964011 TI - The conservative management of ruptured spleen. PMID- 6964012 TI - Use of seat-belts in Port Moresby. AB - The number of deaths and serious injuries especially in young people from road traffic accidents is reaching epidemic proportions world-wide, and is especially high in developing countries, with Papua New Guinea (PNG) near the top of the list. A proportion of these deaths and injuries could be prevented by the use of seat-belts. In a study undertaken in Port Moresby the overall belt-wearing rate of front-seat occupants of cars was 11.4%. Small children were often carried unrestrained in the front seat. The projected loss to the country in human and economic terms from these accidents in the remaining years of this century is presented. A strong plea is made to make seat-belt fitting and wearing compulsory in PNG. PMID- 6964014 TI - The prognosis of lobar pneumonia in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. AB - Lobar pneumonia, usually caused by pneumococci is the commonest cause for admission to hospitals in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The mortality rate is less than 3%. In a survey of 275 adults (mean age: 36 years) admitted to Goroka hospital in the Highlands of New Guinea with this diagnosis, adverse prognostic factors observed on admission were: age over 40 years, multilobar disease, anaemia (Hb less than 11g/d1) and history of illness commencing more than 7 days before presentation. Additional adverse factors demonstrated after admission included the presence of type 3 pneumococcus and bacteraemia. It is suggested that in the Highlands of PNG initial admission of ambulant patients with lobar pneumonia should be generally restricted to those with any of the first 4 factors. PMID- 6964013 TI - House dust mites in blankets and houses in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. AB - House dust mites were sought in indigenous houses of parts of the western and eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea during four field visits over a period of five years. A detailed search was made of various materials from different parts of the houses, including blankets. Findings showed that Dermatophagoides species reach very high concentrations in blankets but are relatively scarce in other places in the houses. A possible role for mite contaminated blankets in the reported increased prevalence of asthma in the Eastern Highlands Province is discussed. PMID- 6964016 TI - Assessment of nutrition education: urban mother understanding of weight for age graphs. AB - One third (34.5%) of 319 mothers attending four urban Maternal and Child Health clinics in Lae, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea succeeded in correctly identifying all four test weight for age graphs. Mothers were more accurate in identifying weight graphs if they were educated, if their child was older than 12 months, and if their last visit to an MCH clinic had been during a scheduled clinic week. In regard to weight for age status of 321 children sampled at the four clinics 18.6% were less than 80% of the Harvard standard weight for their age, with 3.8% less than 70% of the standard. Mothers' ability to identify weight graphs was not directly related to their children's nutritional status. Children had better weight for age if their fathers had employment, and if their family lived in professionally built housing. Weight for age tended to decline after 12 months of age. Analysis of the results suggested that mothers with children older than 12 months who understood weight graphs were more likely to have well nourished children than those who did not. PMID- 6964015 TI - Albuminuria at Lake Murray due to high methylmercury intake. AB - A clinical examination of 24 subjects having a high intake of methylmercury through fish consumption showed no individual symptoms or signs that could be due to mercury poisoning. However, nearly 40% of the subjects (9) had significant amounts of albumin in the urine. The mean concentrations of mercury in hair and urine were 12.0 mg/kg (81% methylmercury) and 23 mg/kg (35% methylmercury) respectively. No correlation, however, was found between the incidence of albuminuria and mercury levels in hair or urine. PMID- 6964017 TI - Disinfectant usage and hygiene practises at Port Moresby General Hospital. AB - A survey was conducted during August-October 1981, to assess the need for disinfectant policy for the Port Moresby General Hospital. Data collected revealed confusion amongst the nursing staff regarding the correct use of various detergents and disinfectants, an unacceptably high incidence of post-operative infections, evidence of poor general cleaning of the hospital and evidence of contamination of the distilled water supply in the Central Sterilizing Department by Pseudomonas species. There is an urgent need for the formation of a committee to advise and promote a disinfectant policy for the hospital, to ensure that this is followed by nursing and cleaning staff and to establish continuous surveillance of hygiene standards within the hospital. PMID- 6964018 TI - The LASER and its applications in gynaecology. AB - The principles of LASER surgery are examined and the gynaecological experience with the technique in various centres in different countries is reviewed. An appraisal of the Sharplan Co2 laser in gynaecology indicated that LASER techniques can be employed advantageously in the treatment of premalignant and microinvasive lesions of the vulva, vagina and cervix when maintenance of functional anatomy is important. In most other areas of gynaecological surgery the disadvantages and hazards of the technique outweighed the advantages. PMID- 6964019 TI - Sori tumas: the decision not to treat. AB - I am convinced that one of the most important and difficult aspects of the work on a specialist surgeon in Papua New Guinea, is knowing when not to treat conditions that would be enthusiastically treated in other countries. Most of our patients would rather die at home than in hospital, and they appreciate and can accept an honest assessment of their prognosis. PMID- 6964020 TI - A district medical office in West New Britain, Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6964021 TI - Fatal ruptured mycotic coronary artery aneurysm. AB - Sudden death in a 21 year old Papuan female was found to be due to a ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the right coronary artery. Caseous mediastinal glands were present but without other evidence of tuberculosis. As the reaction observed in the walls of the aneurysm was granulomatous, it is probably that tuberculosis was the aetiology. PMID- 6964022 TI - Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) with vulval pseudo-elephantiasis. AB - A 24 year old Melanesian female from the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea presented with chronic painless ulcers of the external genitalia, anus and thighs of many years' duration and marked left labial hypertrophy for one year. Scrapings from the ulcers contained large foamy mononuclear cells in which Donovan bodies were demonstrated. The ulcers responded to tetracycline therapy however she absconded after three weeks before surgical correction of the labial pseudo-elephantiasis could be carried out. Vulval pseudo elephantiasis of the magnitude present in this case is rarely seen in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6964024 TI - Bamboo knife induced rupture of the pregnant uterus. PMID- 6964023 TI - Anaphylactic shock. PMID- 6964025 TI - A novel use for the vacuum extractor. PMID- 6964026 TI - Measles immunisation in children in developing countries. PMID- 6964027 TI - The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in food intake in dogs. AB - Following destructions of the prefrontal medial brain area in dogs two basis changes were noticed: an increase in food intake (14 dogs--group I) and a decrease of food intake (16 dogs--group II). On the basis of a histological analysis one can conclude that the differences in size, site and depth of the lesions are responsible for the obtained results. The deep lesions involving the white and grey matter in FPG area between the III and V (Kreiner's atlas) frontal planes brought about the most pronounced increase in food intake. The lesions involving only the cortex or very broad lesions in the whole prefrontal medial area and also anterior lesions between the I and III frontal planes, or posterior lesions from the VI to VIII frontal planes decreased the food intake or caused no changes in it. PMID- 6964029 TI - [Erica respirator (Engstrom). Presentation and evaluation]. PMID- 6964028 TI - The influence of several anticancer agents on cell proliferation, differentiation and the cell cycle of murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - The influence of homoharringtonine, hydroxycamptothecin and lycobetaine on the cell cycle progression of murine erythroleukemia cells was studied by using flow microfluorometry (FMF) technique and centrifugal elutriation to obtain specific fractions of the cell cycle. FMF histogram analysis showed that homoharringtonine could strongly arrest cells in the G1 phase of the immediate cell cycle. This effect was more pronounced and persisted longer with G1 cells than with S or G2 cells. Hydroxycamptothecin mainly delayed the progression of S cells of the subsequent cell cycle (daughter cells). Lycobetaine caused a marked accumulation of G2 cells. These 3 compounds possess a relatively specific action on cell progression through the cell cycle. Homoharringtonine and hydroxycamptothecin can inhibit the cell proliferation of murine erythroleukemia cells (MELC) at low concentrations (ng/ml) whereas lycobetaine, cantharidin and oxalysine are less potent. Among them only hydroxycamptothecin had a weak activity to induce MELC differentiation. These results may provide some basic knowledge for designing new protocols of the combination treatment of neoplastic diseases. PMID- 6964031 TI - [A case of malignant melanoma responded to chemotherapy including DTIC and local injection of OK-432]. AB - A 33-year-old woman with malignant melanoma well responded to a chemotherapy including DTIC, ACNU, and VCR, and intralegional injection of OK-432. Four years prior to admission, a lentigo of 5 mm diameter at her left frontal chest was found, but, histological examination resulted in no distinctly malignant findings. In November 1979, multiple subcutaneous tumors appeared over posterior surface of the chest and left axillar region, which were gradually increasing in number and size, then she was admitted to our hospital in June, 1980. Biopsy of subcutaneous tumors revealed a malignant melanoma and its metastasis to skin. Immunochemotherapy was started immediately based upon this diagnoses. The patient received 100mg DTIC i.v. for 4 days, 100mg ACNU i.v. for one day and 1 mg VCR i.v. for one day. OK-432 was locally injected into some tumors as an immunotherapy. On completion of the third course of chemotherapy, all subcutaneous tumors were decreased in size, especially the tumors injected with OK-432. However, patient didn't respond to a repeated chemotherapy, thereafter malignant melanoma was metasized to uterus and peritoneum in May, 1981, and she died in September, 1981. Major side effects of this chemotherapy were nausea and mild transient leukocytopenia. The combination of chemotherapy including DTIC and local injection of OK-432 appeared to be effective for malignant melanoma. PMID- 6964030 TI - [Antineoplastic action of prostaglandin D2--effect of PGD2 on proliferation of L1210 leukemic cells in culture]. AB - Prostaglandin D2 was found to have a potent cytotoxic effect on L1210 leukemia culture cells. When Prostaglandin D2 was added to the culture medium, at the concentration of over 5 micrograms/ml growth of L1210 cells was almost completely inhibited. IC50 of Prostaglandin D2 for L1210 cell was 2.4 micrograms/ml. Cells exposed this agent showed remarkable change in its cytoplasm with many vacuoles and lysis of cells were observed at the concentration over 5 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6964032 TI - [Present status of chemotherapy in ALL and CLL]. AB - Present status of chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was reviewed. In ALL, a 2-drug combination consisting of vincristine and prednisone (VP) obtained an overall complete remission rate of approximately 50% and when daunomycin or adriamycin was added to the regimen, the overall remission rate escalated to approximately 70%. Furthermore, L asparaginase appeared to have a similar activity to the anthracyclines in combination with VP. Thus, VP plus one of these agents seemed to be a recommendable inductive chemotherapy against ALL. In CLL, remission rates obtained by the use of chlorambucil alone were ranged from 45 to 69%, while a 2 drug combination consisting of chlorambucil and prednisone obtained remission rates ranging 38 to 80%. Thus, the combination appeared to have superiority over chlorambucil alone. When this first line chemotherapy fails to obtain remissions, a 3-drug combination consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone is worthwhile to try as a second line treatment. PMID- 6964033 TI - [Chemotherapy for chronic leukemia]. AB - Chemotherapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia is divided into two parts; chronic phase and blastic phase. The most distinguished new attempt for chronic phase in recent years in the former was the L-15 protocol, intensive multicombination chemotherapy by Clarkson and his group, which destroyed a large fraction of the leukemic population and permitted repopulation of the marrow with predominantly Ph1-negative cells in about half of the patients. However, most of the complete remissions were of short duration. On the other hand, much progress has been made in the chemotherapy for blastic phase cases. Using a combination chemotherapy of vincristine and prednisolone, over one-third of the patients with CML in blastic crisis have achieved a complete remission. Survivors over one year from the blastic crisis are rapidly increasing in recent years. Chemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia at the stage III of Rai's staging is recommended to start with chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide or corticosteroids. PMID- 6964034 TI - [A case report of an aged patient with erythroleukemia coexistent with pulmonary emphysema, responding well to AAAP therapy]. AB - A case of erythroleukemia coexistent with pulmonary emphysema is reported. A 67 year-old male was admitted to our hospital in May 1981, with a few year history of cough, sputum and fatigue. He had already been diagnosed as having pulmonary emphysema and moderate anemia. On physical examination, except for pallor, no other findings were remarkable. The initial hematological examination showed hemoglobin, 9.6 g/dl, red cell count, 251 x 10(4)/microliters, platelet count, 7.3 x 10(4)/microliters, white cell count, 2600/microliters with neither myeloblasts nor erythroblasts. A sternal marrow aspiration revealed 21% myeloblasts and 40% erythroblasts including 7.5% megaloblastoids. Periodic Acid Schiff staining was strongly positive for a part of erythroblasts. A chest X-P finding was typical for pulmonary emphysema. Pulmonary function was moderately damaged. He was started on chemotherapy with AAAP (ACNU 50 mg/d i.v. drip over 4 hr x 4d, adriamycin 20 mg/d i.v. push x 4d, Methotrexate 20 mg i.v. push x 4d). The first course of AAAP brought him a complete remission with both disappearance of myeloblasts and erythroid precursors with megaloblastoid nuclei in the marrow and the normalization of white cell count and platelet count in the blood. He was discharged in September 1981 after completion of a consolidation chemotherapy with AAAP. Since then, he received two courses of AAAP as an intensification chemotherapy and has been in complete remission for more than 13 months. His pulmonary function has not been affected and no myocardial damage has been seen throughout AAAP therapy. Thus, AAAP therapy seems to be an excellent chemotherapy even for an aged patient with erythroleukemia. PMID- 6964035 TI - [Experience with high-dose methotrexate therapy for malignant solid tumors]. AB - Thirteen patients with malignant solid tumors, mainly osteogenic sarcomas, were treated by high-dose MTX therapy, 50-400 mg/kg, in a total of 72 cycles. It has been proved that this therapy was relatively safe provided careful clinical surveillance were assured. Of 8 patients with osteogenic sarcomas, 6 had no metastatic lesions on the chest X-rays before this therapy: three were alive without any evidence of disease for 18-25 months after high-dose MTX therapy. In some cases of other malignant solid tumors, particularly intracranial tumors, clinical efficacy was observed. Dose-time relationships, etc. should further be studied for more therapeutic efficacies of high-dose MTX therapy. PMID- 6964036 TI - [Evaluation of local administration of ACNU in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion]. AB - Five patients with malignant pleural effusion were treated with intrapleural administration of ACNU. Three of 5 patients showed cytologically negative in the pleural fluid and the fluid was eliminated in two patients. In 5 patients, 200 mg of ACNU was injected into the pleural space and pharmacokinetic behavior was studied. The clearance curves of ACNU in pleural fluid were described by either one-compartment model or two-compartment model. The mean half life of slow phase was 0.75 hour. These results indicate that ACNU disappears rapidly from the pleural space after the intrapleural administration. The effect of ACNU on the pleura was studied histologically in rabbits. At a dose of 3mg per kg body weight, the mesothelial cells were swelling and small areas of cellular desquamation appeared over the pleural surface. With increase in dosage, these findings were more pronounced and in the submesothelial tissue there was edema as well as cellular infiltration. In rabbits given two injections with interval of one week, the pleura showed a stronger reaction than that produced by single injection. PMID- 6964037 TI - [Cardiotoxicity of daunorubicin and aclacinomycin A in patients with acute leukemia]. AB - Anthracycline antibiotics are principal agents in the treatment of acute non lymphocytic leukemia, although the usefulness are limited by their adverse side effects, especially by the cardiotoxicity. Aclacinomycin A (ACM) is known to be a new anthracycline antibiotic which has been isolated from Streptomyces galilaeus, and its cardiotoxicity on the experimental animal systems was reported to be more than 10 times lower than that of adriamycin. We investigated the cardiotoxicity of ACM on 29 patients with acute leukemia and compared it with daunorubicin (DNR). The measurement of STI (PEP:LVET) has been recommended to be convenient method of assessing the anthracycline cardiotoxicity, but through out analytical study, QTC measurement was proved to be more valuable for the simple and rapid detection of the cardiotoxicity induced by the agents. In comparison with the QTCs in DNR and ACM, the cardiotoxicity of ACM was much lower than that of DNR, and the reversibility of ACM induced cardiotoxicity was much more rapid. Moreover, these effects were observed even in the patients treated with the maximum dose of DNR. Therefore, ACM was expected to be one of the agents of the first choice for the relapsed cases of acute leukemia, especially APL. PMID- 6964038 TI - [Adriamycin and Ara-C infusions in the treatment of refractory leukemia]. AB - We have treated two pediatric patients with refractory ANLL and four with relapsed high-risk ALL with Adriamycin continuous Ara-C i.v. Four out of six patients were able to enter complete remission after first or second course of the treatment. All of them developed severe bone marrow suppression, and various degree of oral mucositis, liver dysfunction and gastrointestinal toxicity, and two patients died from side effects. Recently this combination chemotherapy is becoming a best regimen for the treatment of untreated ANLL. Although our cases are small in number, this combination therapy also seems to be effective for refractory ANLL and relapsed high-risk ALL. It is needless to say that we have to pay more attention when we use this regimen. PMID- 6964039 TI - [Inhibitory effect of antineoplastic agents on human cholinesterases]. AB - Human motor endplate acetylcholinesterase was inhibited in vitro by alkylating antineoplastic agents, most strongly by mechlorethamine, followed by DTIC, ACNU, cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. Eleven other antineoplastic agents did not inhibit the enzyme substantially nor interfered with cholinesterase measurement. Cyclophosphamide and mechlorethamine inhibited human plasma pseudocholinesterase most strongly, followed by thiotepa, ACNU, DTIC, ifosfamide and BCNU. Mechlorethamine, ACNU and ifosfamide inhibited the motor endplate and plasma cholinesterase practically equally, DTIC inhibited motor endplate cholinesterase more strongly, while cyclophosphamide was a more selective inhibitor of plasma cholinesterase. Inhibition of human red blood cell acetylcholinesterase was identical to that of motor endplate acetylcholinesterase; therefore, red cells would be a preferable indicator in monitoring cholinesterase inhibition by antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6964040 TI - [Effects of prophylactic treatment of central nervous system leukemia in children. Analysis of CNS prophylactic treatment with cyclic high dose multichemotherapy, craniospinal irradiation, and high dose infusion of MTX]. AB - Thirty-five children with previously untreated ALL or AUL who received CNS prophylactic therapy with 8 treatment regiments were analyzed. After eutering complete remission, patients received CNS-prophylaxis with one of the following regimens: Group A- cyclic high dose multichemotherapy plus intermittent intrathecal methotrexate (MTX); Group B-craniospinal irradiation plus intermittent intrathecal MTX; Group C-intermittent high dose intravenous MTX. Incidence of CNS-leukemia and bone marrow relapse was less frequent in Group B. EEG abnormalities were seen in 38.5% of Group A, 40% of Group B, and 28.6% of Group C respectively, but the abnormalities were transient. IQs of three groups were above 100, but IQs of CNS-leukemia patients, especially VIQs had a tendency to be low. PMID- 6964041 TI - [A combination chemotherapy of ACNU and DTIC for advanced malignant melanoma]. AB - Fourteen patients with advanced malignant melanoma were treated with a combination chemotherapy consisting of ACNU 100 mg/m2 i.v. on Day 1 in 6 week intervals and DTIC 200 mg/m2 i.v. on Days 1 to 5 at 3 week intervals. Four patients had prior chemotherapy and 2 had prior immunotherapy. Excluding 4 patients received the regimen for adjuvant chemotherapy, 10 of 14 patients were evaluable for response. There were 3 patients of partial responses, 3 minor responses, 1 no change, and 3 progressive diseases. The durations of partial responses were 1, 1, and 8 months, respectively, while the survival times in these patients were 5, 21, and 10 months, respectively. Leukopenia less than 4,000/cmm occurred in 10 of 14 patients (71%) and thrombocytopenia less than 100 X 10(3)/cmm in 9 of 14 patients (64%), moreover, these hematologic toxicities were cumulative. Serum GOT and GPT elevated to 3,460 mu/ml and 1,365 mu/ml, respectively in one patient, but this returned to a normal level one month later. Nausea and vomiting were mild to severe in 12 of 14 patients, being most marked on Day 1 and decreasing intensity during the next several days. Other non hematologic toxicities including skin rash, fever, and phlebitis were noted in each one patient, respectively. Hematologic toxicity of this regimen was a dose limiting toxicity; therefore, intensive supportive therapy to prevent infection and hemorrhage is essential for the management of the patients during this chemotherapy. PMID- 6964044 TI - [Postoperative treatment of malignant brain tumors with ACNU and PSK-particularly immunological follow-up research]. AB - From the recent progress in immunological study, many authors have reported immune suppression in patients with malignant brain tumors. On the other hand, many factors are considered to influence the patterns of cellular and humoral immune parameters in patients with brain tumors, pre- and post-operatively. We treated the patients with malignant brain tumors using ACNU and PSK pre- and post operatively, and 4 year survival rate was 35.3% (N: 17) in glioblastomas. We planned this time to measure immune parameters (Ig,lymprocyte number,Lyn and T cell, Tn) pre- and post-operatively in order to study the immune states of patients. The results were as follows: The most significant finding was the elevated serum level of IgG in longterm survival of the patients with glioblastoma and the reduced one in patients with postoperative death. No other humoral immunocompetence existed except slightly reduced IgM level in the patients with death. Contrary to many previous studies, our research has suggested that humoral immune parameters are considered to be valuable to understand postoperative immune states of patients, and administration of PSK be effective as an immunomodulator. PMID- 6964043 TI - [The combination chemotherapy of vincristine, methotrexate, ACNU, and adriamycin for anaplastic carcinoma of the lung]. AB - Recent advances in the chemotherapy of malignant diseases, particularly, in hematopoietic malignancies, has opened oncologists' eyes in wonder, whereas the chemotherapy of solid malignant diseases including the carcinoma of the lung is not satisfactory compared with the results of other modalities such as radiotherapy and surgery. The chemotherapy, however, gradually becomes a great importance because the majority of the cases of lung cancer is that of advanced one. Between June, 1974 and December 1980 we experienced 54 inoperable cases of lung cancers among which there were 11 cases diagnosed as an anaplastic carcinoma. The combination chemotherapy of vincristine (1 mg/body, iv, day 1), methotrexate (30 mg/body, iv, day 1 and 5), ACNU (100mg/body, iv, day 2) and adriamycin (40mg/m2, iv, day 2) was employed. Vincristine and methotrexate were given every 3 weeks and ACNU and adriamycin were repeated every 9 weeks. If the moderate degree of neuropathy due to vincristine occurred it was suspended and methotrexate was stopped if WBC was less than 2000/mm or if patients were suffered from stomatitis which disturbed their swallowing. According to the response criteria of Koyama-Saito 4, cases were responded and one of them survived 17 months after the initiation of above 4-drug combination chemotherapy, although she received another combination chemotherapy because of the relapse of disease. The combination chemotherapy of ACNU and adriamycin was tried to utilize the advantage of their time different effects on the bone marrow suppression and to cover heterogenous histopathological diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma. The heterogeneity of anaplastic carcinoma included undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and even small cell carcinoma. In taking consideration of these points, the drug-combination was designed. Clinically, however, the long resting period made the tumor regrow in some cases due to severe delayed myelosuppression by the combination of ACNU and adriamycin. Thus, more cautiously-designed combination should be considered. PMID- 6964042 TI - [Two cases of central nervous system leukemia which responded excellently to intra-arterial injection of ACNU]. AB - Local chemotherapy by intra-arterial administration of ACNU was performed in 2 cases with CNS leukemia, which responded well to this therapy. The first patient was a 42-year-old male who was diagnosed as having chronic myelogenous leukemia with local infiltration of leukemic cells to the optic nerves. By intra-arterial infusion of ACNU (60mg), symptoms and results of ophthalomological examinations were improved remarkably. The second case was a 16-year-old male diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and complicating with meningeal involvement during the course of chemotherapy. Complete remission was achieved by intra thecal administration ACNU. Intra-arterial infusion of ACNU would be an effective local chemotherapy of CNS leukemia and its effectiveness could be achieved by less dose of ACNU compared to that of intravenous infusion. Therefore, side effects, e.g., delayed myelosuppression caused by ACNU could be decreased by this method. PMID- 6964046 TI - [A study on the treatment of pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma]. AB - The primary site of metastasis of osteosarcoma is the lung. Even if a primary lesion was completely removed by radical surgery, more than 90% of the patients died of pulmonary metastasis in one to two years in the past. A control of osteosarcoma depends upon the prevention and treatment of its pulmonary metastasis. An introduction of chemotherapy consisting mainly of adriamycin and high-dose methotrexate dramatically improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma. We analyzed the clinical data, and gross as well as histopathologic post mortem findings, in 161 cases without chemotherapy and 42 cases with systemic adjuvant chemotherapy. Based on these analysis, we tried to clarify the nature of pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma and to evaluate its response to treatment from a standpoint of clinical pathology, hoping that this would yield a clue to future treatment of osteosarcoma. PMID- 6964045 TI - [Clinical management of acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults. 1. Treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia with VP (vincristine, prednisolone)--DVMP (daunorubicin, vincristine 6-mercaptopurine, prednisolone) regimen]. AB - Eighteen patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were treated with VP (vincristine, prednisolone) followed by DVMP (daunorubicin + vincristine + 6 mercaptopurine + prednisolone) regimen (VP-DVMP regimen). Patients were all previously untreated. Complete remission (CR) was obtained in 11 of 18 patients (61.1%,) by VP alone and 4 patients, by VP-DVMP. The time required for CR varied from 14 to 60 days with a median of 28 days. The duration of CR and survivals in responders were from 1.2 to 42.3 + months with a median of 24.0 months. The hematological toxicities in VP-DVMP regimen were lower than those in NVP (neocarzinostatin + vincristine + prednisolone) and NVMP (neocarzinostatin + vincristine + 6-mercaptopurine + prednisolone) regimens. PMID- 6964047 TI - [Topical application of ACNU for the treatment of mycosis fungoides]. AB - The effects of topical chemotherapy of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl 3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) on the lesions of mycosis fungoides were evaluated in 7 patients, ranging in age from 44 to 79 years old. Either 0.2% or 0.4% concentration of ACNU, in ointment and ethanol was used. 0.4% ACNU ethanol solution was effective in bringing the plaque lesions under satisfactory control with a complete clearance. ACNU was painted two to three times a week with a maximum dose of 50mg. Irritation and erosion of the applied areas were the major side effects, which were however, controlled by topical steroid ointment. No serious side effects of marrow and liver function were found even when ACNU was applied as long as 40 months (total ACNU dose: 16 gm). Histologically the cleared lesions revealed the thinning of epidermis, almost complete loss of lymphocytic infiltrates and fibrosis of dermis which was density infiltrated by lymphocytes prior to the ACNU therapy. Thus, topical chemotherapy of ACNU appears to be encouraged for modifying the plaque lesions of mycosis fungoides. PMID- 6964048 TI - [Application of the peripheral leukocyte cytofluorogram to diagnosis and treatment of hematopoietic tumors--with special reference to its effectiveness in malignant lymphoma]. AB - In 1970 Adams and Kamentsky reported on a technique for classifying human peripheral leukocytes into three groups-lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes using supravital staining with a solution of acridine orange, and analyzing the resulting cell suspension with the Cytofluorogram. For the purpose of clinical application of flowcytometry, we investigated the clinical significance of this cytofluorogram of peripheral leukocytes. Cytofluorograms showed characteristic pattern in such hematopoietic malignancies as acute leukemias, chronic leukemias and malignant lymphomas, and turned out to be applicable to the diagnosis of these diseases. Especially in malignant lymphoma, cytofluorogram showed either normal or abnormal pattern. An abnormal cytofluorogram indicated poor prognosis, and an abnormal pattern of cytofluorogram became normalized after chemotherapy against lymphoma. Interestingly, those patients who showed in abnormal pattern relapsed in a short period, even when they were though diagnosed in remission. These data suggest that cytofluorograms are useful in diagnosing, predicting relapse and evaluating therapeutic effects for the treatment of malignant lymphoma. We hope that the analysis of cytofluorogram of peripheral leukocytes in lymphoma will provide a new benefit for further investigation of this disease. PMID- 6964049 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of ACNU in cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - Various nitrosoureas are widely used effectively for chemotherapy of brain tumors, clinically and experimentally. Fourteen cases of malignant brain tumor received intravenous injection of 100-150 mg/body of ACNU, and the concentration of ACNU in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured. The conclusion drawn from this study on penetration of ACNU is summarized as follows: 1. ACNU concentration in CSF and its ratio to that of serum (CSF/serum %) showed the various values of 0-0.076 micrograms/ml (0-63%), 30 min. after administration; 2. Concentration of ACNU in spinal CSF differed from that in ventricular CSF and CSF/serum ratio was 19.9% in spinal CSF and 42% in ventricular CSF, respectively; 3. Statistically no correlation between ACNU CSF/serum ratio and the postoperative time was found. Transition of ACNU into cerebrospinal fluid during radiation therapy was noted with high value of CSF/serum ratio. PMID- 6964051 TI - [Genetic control and standardization of rat strains]. PMID- 6964052 TI - Pulpal pain. PMID- 6964053 TI - Conservative management of oro-facial pain. PMID- 6964050 TI - [Comparative evaluation of a combination of daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside and that of aclarubicin and cytosine arabinoside in remission induction in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia]. AB - A comparative trial of a combination of daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside (Regimen A) and a combination of aclarubicin and cytosine arabinoside (Regimen B) was performed. Sixteen patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, previously untreated, were entered into this study. Five of 8 patients (62.5%) obtained a complete remission (CR) in Regimen A and B, respectively. The days required for achieving a CR varied from 37 to 46 days in Regimen A and from 22 to 56 days in Regimen B. The total doses of daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside were from 100 to 240 mg and from 640 to 1,120 mg in Regimen A, respectively. Those of aclarubicin were from 180 to 300 mg and from 660 to 1,000 mg in cytosine arabinoside in Regimen B. In a comparative study on hematological changes, toxic effects on peripheral white blood cell, platelet and nucleated cell counts in bone marrow tended to appear later in Regimen B compared to those in Regimen A. Side effects on digestive system such as nausea and vomiting and vascular pain were more frequently recognized in patients treated with Regimen B, although they were managed by symptomatic treatment. The results indicated the usefullness of aclarubicin in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of acute non lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6964054 TI - Pain-dysfunction in the stomatognathic system - current research and teaching in Sweden. PMID- 6964055 TI - The effect of jaw position on some evoked reflexes in human masseter muscles - a preliminary investigation. PMID- 6964056 TI - The dimensional accuracy of addition-cured silicone impression materials. PMID- 6964057 TI - Denturism: political and economic factors determining the role of denturism in dentistry. PMID- 6964058 TI - Acrylic occlusal splints. PMID- 6964059 TI - Complete oral examination with a view to eliciting occlusion related temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction. PMID- 6964060 TI - Health hazards associated with base metal alloys. PMID- 6964061 TI - An investigation of a copper-aluminium alloy system for use as a denture base material. PMID- 6964062 TI - [The inferior labial artery and its branches in the rabbit]. PMID- 6964063 TI - [The developmental mechanism of pteridine cofactor activity in fetal rat liver]. PMID- 6964064 TI - [Effect of beta-estradiol on acinar cells of mice with testosterone deficiency or insensitivity]. PMID- 6964066 TI - [Structural and dynamic behavior of the mandible under sagittal stress loading]. PMID- 6964065 TI - [The application of absorbent plastic points in endodontics]. PMID- 6964067 TI - [Clinical study on odontogenic sinusitis]. PMID- 6964068 TI - [Clinical studies on oral and maxillofacial infections]. PMID- 6964069 TI - [Chronological changes in the canine gubernacular foramen found in man and the crab-eating monkey, Macaca fascicularis]. PMID- 6964070 TI - ["Moon face" using Moire topography. 2: Typical Moire pattern and the Moon Face Index]. PMID- 6964071 TI - [An evaluation of acidogenesis of human plaque in vitro]. PMID- 6964072 TI - [Isolated rat hepatocytes (4)]. PMID- 6964074 TI - [Preparation of rutile-type single crystals, NbxTi1-xO2, by chemical transport reaction]. PMID- 6964073 TI - [Anatomy of the pterygoid canal and greater palatine canal by various radiological procedures]. PMID- 6964075 TI - [Etiological study of subcutaneous emphysema occurring during routine restorative procedure]. PMID- 6964076 TI - [Use of a flexible flange to obtain good peripheral sealing of acquired maxillary defects]. PMID- 6964077 TI - [Neurilemmoma of the tongue. Report of a case]. PMID- 6964079 TI - [Value of radiological studies in the diagnosis of chronic fibrous periapical inflammatory disease]. PMID- 6964078 TI - [A case of pemphigus vulgaris with initial symptoms of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6964080 TI - [Individual and group caries prophylaxis with topical application of fluorides]. PMID- 6964081 TI - [Evaluation of late results of root canal treatment]. PMID- 6964083 TI - [The condition of teeth in adolescents not covered by dental care]. PMID- 6964082 TI - [Age characteristics after 13 years of water fluoridation in Wroclaw]. PMID- 6964085 TI - [Evaluation of humoral response to selected bacterial antigens in dental focal infections]. PMID- 6964086 TI - [Resection of both mandibular rami and their replacement with acrylate implants in recurrent refractory ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6964084 TI - [Cases of luxation of the first molar into the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6964087 TI - [Craniofacial fractures during work]. PMID- 6964088 TI - [The role of the fibrinolytic system in the etiopathogenesis of dry socket. A review of literature]. PMID- 6964089 TI - [A rare case of giant tooth]. PMID- 6964090 TI - [Requirements for periodontal disease treatment in workers in the printing industry in Lodz]. PMID- 6964092 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological evaluation of the usefulness of Sebidin (Polfa) lozenges in the treatment of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6964093 TI - [Periodontopathies in patients in the Busko Spa]. PMID- 6964091 TI - [Morphological changes and calcium-phosphorous metabolism disturbances in the teeth of patients in long-term treatment with corticosteroids (scanning microscopy and X-ray microanalysis studies]. PMID- 6964094 TI - [Copper content of carious and non-carious teeth]. PMID- 6964095 TI - [Histomorphological studies of dentin in rats exposed to fluorides]. PMID- 6964096 TI - [Dental caries in children living in areas with low and high water fluoride content]. PMID- 6964098 TI - [Secondary dentition in children 8-9 and 13-14 years old]. PMID- 6964097 TI - [Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of parachlorophenol as a root canal disinfectant]. PMID- 6964099 TI - [Complications of treatment of root canals with endomethasone]. PMID- 6964100 TI - [Posterior nasal tamponade using the Foley catheter]. PMID- 6964101 TI - [Oral leukoplakia in workers of the Rolling Stock Railway Workshops in Poznan]. PMID- 6964103 TI - [Acute controlled hemodilution in the surgical treatment of patients with malignant cervical and craniofacial lesions]. PMID- 6964105 TI - [Selected problems in the comprehensive treatment of prognathic-type anomalies with regard to current studies and changes]. PMID- 6964102 TI - [Pathomorphology of the surfaces of the articular discs in temporomandibular joints using scanning microscopy]. PMID- 6964106 TI - [Our experiences in masticatory system rehabilitation in children with various congenital abnormalities of the facial skeleton]. PMID- 6964104 TI - [Isosit - a new material for filling dental defects]. PMID- 6964107 TI - [Difficulties in masticatory system rehabilitation in cases of facial injuries in children]. PMID- 6964110 TI - [Dental plaque as a borderline lesion between dental caries and periodontopathy]. PMID- 6964108 TI - [Effect of mouth rinsing with mineral salts on the gingival status and oral hygiene in patients with periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6964109 TI - [Serum levels of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM in patients with recurrent aphthae]. PMID- 6964112 TI - [A case of profound periodontitis treated by a modified surgical flap]. PMID- 6964113 TI - [Incidence of enamel hypoplasia in milk teeth in children in Warsaw creches]. PMID- 6964111 TI - [Treatment of dentin hypersensitivity in periodontopathies using fluoride electrophoresis]. PMID- 6964115 TI - [Needs of the dental care for young in the "Great Poland" region]. PMID- 6964114 TI - [Experimental studies on the action of the drug Dycal, as a dentinogenic stimulator]. PMID- 6964116 TI - [The condition of the teeth of 6 year old children in the city of Szczecin in 1977]. PMID- 6964117 TI - [Immune mechanisms in the oral cavity]. PMID- 6964118 TI - [Fluoride levels in milk formulas of Polish production]. PMID- 6964120 TI - [Radiological signs of caries developing on the lateral contact surfaces of the canine and molar teeth in preschool children]. PMID- 6964119 TI - [The role of various anatomical and functional parameters for maintenance of periodontal health]. PMID- 6964123 TI - [A case of tuberculous osteitis of the mandible]. PMID- 6964122 TI - [A case of multiple follicular cysts of the jaws in Klippel-Feil syndrome]. PMID- 6964124 TI - [Treatment of herpes zoster using low temperature]. PMID- 6964125 TI - [The effectiveness of abrasive agents intended for cleaning removable acrylic dental prostheses]. PMID- 6964126 TI - [Complete open bite, is it functional?]. PMID- 6964121 TI - [Evaluation of the late results of endodontic treatment in cases of broken instruments left in the root canal]. PMID- 6964127 TI - [Comparative analysis of dental status and development of malocclusion in children from urban and rural populations]. PMID- 6964129 TI - [Enolase activity and levels of various salivary components in subjects living in areas with optimal and trace amounts of fluorides in the drinking water]. PMID- 6964132 TI - [Dental caries in children 8-9 and 13-14 years of age]. PMID- 6964131 TI - [Level of health awareness in school children and adolescents without planned dental care]. PMID- 6964130 TI - [Evaluation of late results using endomethasone paste as a root canal filling material]. PMID- 6964128 TI - [Studies on lichen planus]. PMID- 6964133 TI - [Occurrence of streptococci producing extracellular polysaccharides from saccharose in dental plaque on the contact surfaces of premolar and canine teeth in the maxilla in relation to clinical status]. PMID- 6964134 TI - [Effect of 13 years of water fluoridation in Wroclaw on the course of caries in school children]. PMID- 6964135 TI - [Results in the treatment of leukoplakia with high doses of vitamin A]. PMID- 6964136 TI - [The Karapandzic method in cheiloplasty of the lower lip]. PMID- 6964137 TI - [Assessment of the leukocyte migration inhibition test in response to selected bacterial antigens from dental focal infections]. PMID- 6964138 TI - [Correlation between temporomandibular joint disturbances in 19-25 years old students and morphological-functional changes in the masticatory system]. PMID- 6964139 TI - [A simplified model of a cap with chin sling]. PMID- 6964140 TI - [Orthodontic-prosthetic treatment of children and adolescents with tooth loss]. PMID- 6964142 TI - [Fracture of the facial skeleton associated with a cleft: case report]. PMID- 6964141 TI - [Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the soft tissue in the maxillofacial region]. PMID- 6964143 TI - [A syndrome of fistula of the lower lip and cheilognathopalatoschisis]. PMID- 6964144 TI - [The significance of the lymphoid stromal reaction in the appearance of neck metastases in T1 and T2 carcinoma of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6964145 TI - [Correction of the fall in pressure during radical neck dissection using local anesthesia of baroreceptors]. PMID- 6964146 TI - [New possibilities of the fixation of the mucosa in various methods of plasty of the upper vestibular ridge]. PMID- 6964147 TI - [Rhytidectomy]. PMID- 6964148 TI - [Interfascicular transplantation in the treatment of peripheral facial nerve paralysis]. PMID- 6964149 TI - The development of the toothbrush. Part 2. The modern toothbrush. PMID- 6964151 TI - Periodontosis - a sixteen year case report. PMID- 6964150 TI - Rapid destruction caused by a water-irrigating device. PMID- 6964153 TI - [Prognosis of vertical growth types]. PMID- 6964154 TI - Treatment of the open bite, utilizing myofunctional therapy. PMID- 6964155 TI - [Brodie-bite]. PMID- 6964152 TI - [Mandible positioning with a maxillary activator appliance with lateral occlusal blocks of various heights in relation to daily treatment time]. PMID- 6964156 TI - [Personal and family difficulties of patients in orthodontic treatment. II]. PMID- 6964157 TI - [Mandible positioning with a maxillary activator appliance with a lateral occlusal block of various heights. Results in rats during the growth period and in adult animals]. PMID- 6964159 TI - [Orthodontic treatment plan with reference to the psychological status of the patients]. PMID- 6964158 TI - [Personal and familial difficulties of patients in orthodontic treatment. III]. PMID- 6964160 TI - [Is open bite already determined by occlusal morphology?]. PMID- 6964161 TI - [Problem areas of open bite from the gnathological viewpoint]. PMID- 6964162 TI - [Thoughts on the best time for treatment of skeletal open bite]. PMID- 6964164 TI - [Retrospective determination of changes in surgically treated prognathism by VTO procedures and their relation to post-operative results]. PMID- 6964163 TI - [Abnormal tongue position in swallowing as a cause of ankylosis and abnormal tooth eruption]. PMID- 6964165 TI - [Vertical changes in the tongue in functional orthodontic treatment of Angle class II type 1 anomalies]. PMID- 6964167 TI - [Lateral open bite]. PMID- 6964168 TI - [Therapy for open bite]. PMID- 6964166 TI - [Psychological studies in an orthodontic polyclinic]. PMID- 6964169 TI - [Treatment principles and treatment problems in skeletal open bite]. PMID- 6964172 TI - [Personal and family difficulties of patients in orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 6964171 TI - [Efficiency of various oral hygiene devices when used by children]. PMID- 6964170 TI - [Orthodontic therapy of basal hyperdivergence of mandibular origin]. PMID- 6964173 TI - [What is the attitude of children, parents, and general dentists on extraction information in orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 6964174 TI - [Tooth, mouth and jaw problems from the viewpoint of psychoanalytically-oriented family therapy]. PMID- 6964175 TI - [Positioner in open bite]. PMID- 6964176 TI - [Biological basis of orthodontic diagnosis]. PMID- 6964178 TI - [Tooth replantation and transplantation. Current aspects and perspectives]. PMID- 6964177 TI - [Giant cell lesions of the jaw]. PMID- 6964179 TI - [Monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the jaws]. PMID- 6964180 TI - [Technics for using acrylic veneers]. PMID- 6964181 TI - Acute promyelocytic leukaemia. PMID- 6964182 TI - [Fluorides for topical application]. PMID- 6964183 TI - Sex predetermination: its impact on fertility. PMID- 6964184 TI - [Autonomy of the living system and problems in tissue transplantation]. PMID- 6964185 TI - Characterization through X-ray diffraction of alloy powders for dental amalgams. PMID- 6964186 TI - Improvement of mechanical properties of Ti6A14V alloy by thermomechanical treatments for endoprosthesis application. PMID- 6964187 TI - Polishing procedures for microfilled resins. PMID- 6964188 TI - The frequency of allergy to dental materials. PMID- 6964189 TI - Nearly non-toxic parachlorphenol antiseptics. PMID- 6964190 TI - The biocompatibility of commonly used rootfilling materials--a bioassay system. PMID- 6964192 TI - An evaluation of surface deposits on mandibular subperiosteal implants. PMID- 6964193 TI - The implantation cyst as a biomaterial assay system. PMID- 6964191 TI - Biological evaluation of dental materials, in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6964194 TI - Fundamentals of bone-metal biocompatibility. PMID- 6964196 TI - All-porcelain bridges - a ten year study. PMID- 6964195 TI - Evaluation of primary monkey teeth in biological testing. PMID- 6964197 TI - Pulpal responses to two luting cements. PMID- 6964199 TI - Biocompatibility of the glass ionomer cement. PMID- 6964200 TI - Leukoplakia and erythroplakia of the mouth. PMID- 6964201 TI - Oral submucous fibrosis as a precancerous lesion. PMID- 6964202 TI - Verrucous carcinoma and verrucous hyperplasia. PMID- 6964198 TI - Evaluation of the biocompatibility of five elastomeric impression materials. PMID- 6964203 TI - Carcinoma of the lip in South Africa. PMID- 6964205 TI - Malignant odontogenic tumours. PMID- 6964204 TI - Intraoral squamous cell carcinoma in South Africa. PMID- 6964206 TI - Malignant mesenchymal tumours of the oral cavity. PMID- 6964207 TI - Premalignant melanoses and malignant melanoma of the oral mucosa. PMID- 6964208 TI - Systemic manifestations of malignant disease. PMID- 6964209 TI - Surgical treatment of oral malignant disease. PMID- 6964210 TI - Radiotherapy and oral cancer. PMID- 6964212 TI - Maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation of the oral cancer patient. PMID- 6964211 TI - Chemotherapy for oral malignant disease. PMID- 6964213 TI - Electrophysiological assessment of visual acuity. PMID- 6964214 TI - Assessment of the retinal toxicity of hydroxychloroquine. AB - A survey of 347 patients on treatment with hydroxychloroquine showed that a mild pigmentary maculopathy was present in 29 per cent of cases if a cumulative dose of more than 800 g of the drug had been ingested. Most of the affected patients showed no deterioration in visual function. The significance of these findings is discussed with particular regard to the screening of patients on hydroxychloroquine therapy. PMID- 6964215 TI - Choice of surgical technique in the management of congenital cataract. AB - A group of patients with congenital cataracts which were operated by an aspiration technique was compared with a similarly aged group who were operated by a lensectomy technique. Of the 28 eyes in which the lens was aspirated, leaving the posterior capsule intact, nineteen required re-operation a total of 32 times to keep the pupillary area clear for refraction and accurate contact lens prescription. The re-operations were carried out during the first 18 months of life which are critical for visual development, and probably represent a substantial force in the genesis of the amblyopia which profoundly alters the visual prognosis in congenital cataract. The 23 eyes which were operated by lensectomy did not require further surgery; this indicates that, despite the possible risk of retinal detachment, lensectomy may be the best surgical technique for the avoidance of amblyopia in congenital cataract. PMID- 6964216 TI - Trabeculotomy with continuous argon laser. AB - This study substantiates the theory that effective long-term laser treatment for glaucoma is possible in those patients with chronic non-obstructive phakic glaucoma. A common mechanism of glaucoma in these cases would appear to be some type of trabecular collapse. Correction of this trabecular defect may be accomplished with multiple small low-intensity argon laser burns symmetrically placed in the entire circumference of the meshwork. Conversely our histological data indicate that high-intensity burns result in the development of heavy fibrous tissue proliferating within the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal which would appear to contribute to further filtration resistance. PMID- 6964218 TI - Effect of refractive error on the risk of ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma. AB - From a case-control study of out-patients attending an ophthalmic clinic no relationship (relative risk = 1) was found between refractive error and ocular tension. The deconfounded effect of refractive error on open angle glaucoma (field loss) increased at higher levels of myopia (relative risk = 1.18; refractive error -0.2) The combined effects of myopia and severe ocular hypertension were found to be synergistic (interactive risk ratio = 2.2). PMID- 6964217 TI - Immunological investigations in retinal vasculitis. AB - Immunological investigations have been performed in eighty patients with retinal vasculitis. 50 per cent of patients with retinal vasculitis associated with systemic inflammatory disease have raised circulating immune complexes, abnormal complement abnormalities, and antibodies to retinal S antigen. Patients with isolated retinal vasculitis demonstrate similar abnormalities when vascular leakage is the predominant manifestation, but a higher incidence (89 per cent) of retinal antibodies and a lower incidence of immune complexes (22 per cent) are found if reduced retinal perfusion is present. A rise in titre of antibodies to smooth muscle occurred in several patients before the recurrence of uveitis, indicating that this test may predict a clinical relapse. PMID- 6964219 TI - Laboratory screening in the assessment of human cataract. AB - Cataracts may clearly arise in association with systemic metabolic disorders, but most ophthalmologists do not request an extended laboratory assessment for patients presenting with cataracts who are otherwise in good health. This approach was not unreasonable in view of the very low yield of unsuspected abnormalities revealed by detailed screening, but should be reconsidered in view of recent advances particularly in the understanding of partial defects of galactose metabolism. Proposals for a laboratory screening policy in relation to metabolic cataracts are discussed. PMID- 6964220 TI - Computerized tomography. PMID- 6964221 TI - Ultrasound. AB - The application of ultrasonics has been one of the major developments in ophthalmology in the last two decades. Diagnostic ultrasound of the eye and orbit, together with ocular biometry (especially in the field of lens implantation), are now routine investigations, while ultrasonic surgery of the lens (phacoemulsification) has become a well-established part of our surgical armamentarium. The historical development of diagnostic ultrasound is reviewed, its physical basis is recalled, present-day techniques and instrumentation are outlined, and future possibilities considered. PMID- 6964222 TI - Fundus cameras. AB - The history of fundus cameras is presented together with a description of currently available equipment, which ranges from a portable 30 degree fundus camera to fixed equipment of 30 degrees, stepped 30 degrees to 45 degrees, and zoom focus 20 degrees to 60 degrees capability. The present status of fundus photography is considered and its importance as a diagnostic tool stressed. Wide angle (Equator +) fundus photography is considered in relation to alternative methods of monitoring fundus pathology and treatment. Future developments in the field of fundus photography are discussed. PMID- 6964223 TI - Slit-lamp fluorophotometry of the anterior segment. PMID- 6964224 TI - Laser doppler velocimetry of the retinal blood flow. AB - The principles of laser doppler velocimetry, as applied to the measurement of retinal blood flow, are described. The technique offers the possibility of non invasive clinical measurement; either continuous sequential measurements or repeated intermittent estimates can be made. The field of application is outlined. PMID- 6964225 TI - Clinical specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium. PMID- 6964226 TI - Specular microscopy of the human lens. AB - Some specular features of the normal and abnormal human lens are described and recorded in vivo by macrophotography. Anteriorly the lens exhibits three distinct specular zones: a coarse shagreen, an epithelial pattern, and a lens fibre pattern. The posterior specular zone is relatively featureless. Uncorrected values for epithelial cell diameter in the central zone of the normal lens gave a mean of 13.9 microns. Lens fibre diameter in the same zone was 13.7 microns. The 'relief images' of the adult lens are also described, including perinuclear changes which have been termed retrodot lens opacities. PMID- 6964227 TI - Retinal vascular abnormalities in the hyperlipidaemias. AB - Previous studies have suggested an association between hyperlipidaemia and retinal venous and arterial occlusion. To investigate this association further, the retinal arterial vasculature was studied by fluorescein angiography in forty hyperlipidaemic subjects, and clinical examination and biochemical investigations, including lipid profile, were performed in 99 patients with retinal vein occlusion and forty patients without retinal vein occlusion as a comparison group. Retinal arterial abnormalities were found on fluorescein angiography in eight patients with combined hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia (type IV and V hyperlipidaemia). However no abnormalities were found in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (type II). Fluorescein angiography was repeated after 6 months hypolipidaemic therapy in four of the patients with retinal arterial abnormalities. Progression of retinal vascular closure was observed in two patients with poor hyperlipidaemic control and improvement in two other patients with good hyperlipidaemic control. There was a significantly higher incidence of hyperlipidaemia (P less than 0.001) and glucose intolerance (P less than 0.05) in the retinal vein occlusion group when compared to the control group, and a higher incidence of hypertension in patients with either central or branch retinal vein occlusion than in the normal population. We conclude that retinal arterial abnormalities occur in type IV and V hyperlipidaemias and that both central and branch retinal vein occlusion are associated with similar risk factors to large vessel disease. PMID- 6964228 TI - Epimacular membrane peeling. PMID- 6964229 TI - Closed microsurgery in the management of intraocular foreign bodies. AB - The instrumentation and techniques of closed intraocular microsurgery offer a valuable approach to the management of selected intraocular foreign bodies. These methods facilitate the removal of retained material and the surgical repair of intraocular damage resulting from penetration. Although guidelines have been proposed, the precise indications and appropriate timing of surgery have not been established. We present the results of closed microsurgery in a consecutive series of patients with posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies or their sequelae. Factors which appear to limit visual recovery are discussed in relation to the timing of surgery. PMID- 6964230 TI - Limitations of conventional treatment of fibrotic retinal detachment. PMID- 6964231 TI - Management of giant retinal tears using vitrectomy and silicone oil/fluid exchange. A preliminary report. AB - The long-term management of giant retinal breaks presents a difficult problem. A surgical method is described in which removal of the vitreous and complete filling of the preretinal space with silicone oil is used to close the giant tear and re-attach the retina. The silicone oil is removed from the eye after 2 to 3 months in most cases. The results are reported of using this technique in a consecutive series of seventeen eyes with giant retinal breaks. PMID- 6964232 TI - Naso-lacrimal by-pass surgery. An easier approach. AB - An easier method of naso-lacrimal by-pass surgery is described in which a large anterior mucosal flap is fashioned from the lacrimal sac and the nasal mucosa. The short posterior lacrimal mucosal flap is completely excised. Particular operative, and postoperative techniques. Over 95 per cent of the 46 eyes in this series of 45 patients no longer have epiphora. PMID- 6964233 TI - Problems with corneal arcus. AB - Corneal arcus presents many puzzling features. The correlation between its incidence and serum lipid levels is poor and, using immunoelectrophoresis, we have only been able to identify low-density lipoprotein inconsistently in corneae containing this deposition. Infrared thermography has shown us that arcus commences in the warmest regions of the cornea. We have considered the possible relevance of our biochemical and thermographic findings to other problems with corneal arcus such as its irreversibility, anatomical distribution, and clear zone. PMID- 6964234 TI - Human corneal endothelial cell repair in health and disease. AB - The human corneal endothelium which is exposed to a variety of physical and chemical insults can repair itself either by mitotic division, or by simple expansion and spreading of the neighbouring cells, or through an elaborate DNA repair system. The present study suggests that the ability of the corneal endothelium to repair its damaged DNA is fundamental to its survival and that a failure to do so may underlie a variety of corneal problems in which endothelial failure is a common feature. PMID- 6964235 TI - The contact lens in aphakia. PMID- 6964236 TI - 25 years of pseudophakic surgery. A personal view. PMID- 6964237 TI - Intraocular lenses with intracapsular cataract extraction. AB - Excellent results are obtainable with well-proved lenses. For those using intracapsular methods, I can give assurance that it is not necessary to change in order to use intraocular lenses safely. The prerequisites are an established safe technique for routine cataract surgery with good visual results. Proper wound closure should be demonstrated by an absence of cases of shallow or absent anterior chamber, of iris prolapse, or postoperative hyphaema. No intraocular lens of any kind should be used unless the quality of routine cataract surgery is high in these respects as well as in avoiding damage to the corneal endothelium. The choice of intraocular lens should be one which can be applied to the surgeon's well-established method and it should also be a well-established lens which has a safe long-term record. PMID- 6964238 TI - Intraocular implants. AB - Statistics tend to show that there is a reduction in retinal pathology with extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. The technique has now been simplified by the introduction of sophisticated machinery, permitting continual inflow and aspiration. The posterior chamber implant gives the most satisfactory visual result, and at the present time this is the easiest to insert, in association with extracapsular cataract extraction. PMID- 6964239 TI - Non-surgical factors in the correction of aphakia. AB - 72 unselected patients wearing aphakic spectacle correction were examined more than 6 months postoperatively. Approximately one third had poor adaptation in spite of satisfactory acuity. No correlation with age was found in the 60-85 year range. Binocularity appeared to play no part in adaptation but a significant sex difference was found, females predominating in the non-adapted group. Tests of eye movements showed defects in vestibulo-ocular suppression, smooth pursuit, and saccadic accuracy in the non-adapted group. This may indicate floccular dysfunction as a reason for failure to adapt to aphakic spectacles. This suggests the possibility of a useful preoperative assessment test to predict adaptation difficulties. PMID- 6964241 TI - Experience with the Choyce anterior chamber implant in the correction of aphakia. AB - The rationale, indications, contraindications, and technique for the use of the Choyce Mark IX anterior chamber implant are discussed. The results of 130 operations are presented. Excluding eyes with pre-existing pathology, 98.3 per cent achieved 6/12 or better. The Choyce Mark IX anterior chamber implant is relatively easy to insert, provided proper attention is given to surgical technique, it gives good results used secondarily or primarily, can be used in conjunction with a surgeon's routine technique, and has a complication rate at least as low as that of other forms of intraocular implant. It should increasingly find the place it deserves in implant surgery in the United Kingdom, as in the United States of America. PMID- 6964240 TI - Extended wear soft contact lenses in the correction of aphakia. AB - This paper reports the study over a 2-year period of forty patients with uniocular aphakia fitted with spherical extended wear hydrophilic lenses: Sauflon 85 per cent and Duragel 72 per cent. The patients' ages ranged from 17 to 87 years (mean 52). They were unable to handle a daily wear soft lens or tolerate a hard lens. The success rate was 85 per cent. PMID- 6964242 TI - Current state of posterior chamber intraocular lenses after intracapsular and extracapsular cataract surgery. AB - The current posterior chamber lenses available for use after intracapsular and extracapsular cataract extraction, including the iris-centred and supported lenses, are reviewed. The relative advantages of rigid and flexible loop posterior chamber lenses used after extracapsular extraction are compared and it is concluded that there is little difference in the immediate visual results. The flexible posterior chamber lens is more difficult to insert in a collapsed anterior chamber and small pupil; conversely, capsular-fixed posterior chamber lenses face the problem of anterior capsular fibrosis and optic decentration if inaccurately placed. PMID- 6964243 TI - Protective role of Healon during lens implantation. AB - The use of sodium hyaluronate (Healon) presents a major new advance in facilitating lens implantation and improving safety margins during anterior segment surgery. Of 102 consecutive cases of extracapsular cataract extraction with lens implantation, 54 with the use of Healon, it was found that Healon could induce a reduction of central corneal endothelial cell loss from 29 to 17 per cent and that the only associated complication was a one-day rise of intraocular pressure. PMID- 6964244 TI - Longitudinal study of intraocular lens implants after intracapsular cataract extraction. Complete follow-up of the first 7 years. AB - Lens implant surgery has a significant complication rate, although most complications are treatable and occur within the first 2 months after operation. The short-term visual results are comparable with the published results of intracapsular extraction alone. Six cases of bullous keratopathy developed in 138 cases in 7 1/2 years. When endothelial cell density fell below 500/mm2, corneal oedema developed within the year. However, a more recent study showed that endothelial cell loss was much reduced by the closed chamber technique of insertion and by serum coating of the implant. PMID- 6964245 TI - Why do implants fail? AB - Nylon 66 and polypropylene are chemotactic in human serum while PMMA from intraocular lenses is not. Chemotactic activity is unaltered by Ridley, 5 per cent NaOH, or ethylene oxide sterilization. Chemotaxis is but one manifestation of an overall inflammatory process that may be involved in implant-induced corneal and retinal dysfunction. PMID- 6964246 TI - Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency and eye disease. AB - The finding of a deficiency of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in serum is not uncommon. In order to determine whether low serum IgA levels were associated with any particular ocular conditions, the immunological investigations of over 4,000 patients with a variety of ophthalmological disorders, performed at the Department of Pathology of the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, were reviewed and analysed. The study showed an apparent tendency to low levels in patients with conjunctivitis and thyroid disease. These findings are of theoretical interest rather than diagnostic value. PMID- 6964247 TI - Prophylaxis of aphakic retinal detachment. AB - In 57 aphakic second eyes of 88 patients who had previously suffered an aphakic detachment in the first eye, fifteen patients have so far suffered a retinal detachment in the second eye. However, of these fifteen patients, only two have suffered any reduction of central vision associated with detachment of the macula, reflecting an apparent change in the pattern of aphakic detachment disease in the second eye. In view of this observation, we do not think an energetic policy of prophylaxis involving 360 degrees cryotherapy should be pursued at the present time provided that follow-up facilities are available. PMID- 6964248 TI - Pilocarpine and narrow-angle glaucoma. AB - Fifty normal eyes underwent a provocative test with pilocarpine 4 per cent. Slit image photography before and 30 minutes after the instillation of pilocarpine 4 per cent into one eye demonstrated the range of response of the anterior segment to pilocarpine. Those eyes whose axial anterior chamber depth shallowed by greater than or equal to 0.1 mm demonstrated shallowing of the periphery of the anterior chamber, while those eyes whose axial anterior chamber depth shallowed by less than 0.1 mm showed deepening of the peripheral anterior chamber. The relevance of these findings to the development of peripheral anterior synechiae is discussed. PMID- 6964249 TI - Closed-angle glaucoma in eyes with non-shallow anterior chambers. PMID- 6964250 TI - Trabeculectomy. A simplified technique. PMID- 6964251 TI - Albinos who bleed (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome). The Gypsy's Warning? AB - Attention is drawn to the uncommon autosomal recessive Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, because of the very material risk of unexpected death in this triad of albinism, platelet deficiency, and failure of 'ceroid' metabolism, which appears to have been overlooked in ophthalmic literature. A possible Scottish case is described. PMID- 6964253 TI - The masquerade syndrome. AB - Malignant lesions of the lid and ocular adnexae may present with striking inflammatory signs and this has most often been described with meibomian gland carcinoma and given the name of the masquerade syndrome. This paper presents examples of lid malignancies which have not only masqueraded as predominantly inflammatory lesions but whose origin was further obscured by the nature of the spread of the tumour in lid and conjunctiva. Recognition of the true nature of the malignancy only follows biopsy of the centre of the lesion which is fully justified in an older patient presenting with unilateral chronic, unresponsive inflammation especially involving the canthus and bulbar conjunctiva as well as the lid. Histological confirmation of the nature of the peripheral spread of the tumour is also of importance since pagetoid spread has been shown to be associated with more aggressive neoplasia and increased mortality. PMID- 6964254 TI - Techniques and indications for surgery of the superior and inferior oblique muscles. AB - The oblique muscles pose diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenges which place demands on the surgeon who attempts to treat the more complicated cyclovertical strabismus. A thorough knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of these muscles is necessary. This should be combined with a thorough knowledge of the diagnostic techniques, the appropriate surgical therapeutic measures, and the results which can reasonably be expected. PMID- 6964252 TI - Vernal keratopathy and its management. AB - The history of the recognition and characterization of the corneal manifestations of vernal disease is recounted. A revised classification of the 'remote' corneal signs is proposed. Forty cases of vernal plaque seen recently in London are analysed. Various parameters are discussed, and the usefulness of superficial keratectomy in the management of plaque is established. New histological findings in plaque are mentioned; these will be fully described in another paper. PMID- 6964255 TI - Surgical treatment of the A and V phenomena. AB - Our surgical treatment of the A and V phenomena consists of a systematic combination of oblique and horizontal muscle surgery. The oblique muscles are desagittalized: the plane of action of the muscle is displaced forwards so that its angle with the visual axis enlarges. The vertical action of the oblique muscle is thus reduced in favour of the torsional action. This desagittalization is always performed bilaterally and combined with a bilateral recession of a rectus muscle: the medial rectus muscles in cases of esotropia and the lateral rectus muscles in cases of exotropia. A real vertical deviation (RVD), if present, is treated by asymmetrical oblique muscle surgery or by the weakening of a vertical rectus muscle. In cases of under- or overcorrection a remaining diagonal and vertical deviation is carefully searched for and dealt with. In addition, a horizontal undercorrection is treated by placing a secondary loop on the already recessed medial rectus muscle, and a horizontal overcorrection is treated by weakening both lateral rectus muscles. PMID- 6964257 TI - Dissociated vertical divergence and its treatment. PMID- 6964256 TI - The Faden operation. When and how to do it. AB - The Faden operation (posterior fixation of a muscle) creates an artificial palsy. With this tool the eye surgeon can solve problems concerning palsies, nystagmic amblyopia, and many cases of head posture. Changing angles in children with congenital strabismus can be stabilized by bilateral Faden operations on the medial rectus. The results are given of a retrospective analysis of nearly 400 cases operated 3 years ago. The paper deals with some of the technical problems and ends with some remarks on postoperative motility after Faden operations. PMID- 6964258 TI - Treatment of unilateral fourth nerve paralysis. AB - Fourth nerve pareses are the most frequently seen. Treatment is aimed at correcting the deviation according to a classification based on the spread of comitance of the deviation. With the recent addition of the Harada-Ito operation and the revival of the use of adjustable sutures, the choice of operative procedure has been widened to give even better results. PMID- 6964259 TI - Management of sixth nerve palsy and Duane's retraction syndrome. AB - In sixth nerve palsy the role of a muscle-transposing procedure, as compared with a recession-resection procedure, is discussed, and reference is made to the special problems when the palsy is the result of hydrocephalus with frequently an associated A phenomenon. In Duane's retraction syndrome, surgical treatment should be limited as a general rule to a restoration of binocular function in the primary position with elimination of the compensatory head posture, because of an understanding of the underlying anomaly of innervation. PMID- 6964260 TI - Management of squint in dysthyroid disease. PMID- 6964261 TI - Ocular manifestations of Turner's syndrome. AB - In a series of 24 patients with Turner's syndrome, amblyopia was found to be present in ten (41.6 per cent), strabismus in nine (37.5 per cent), hypermetropia in ten (41.6 per cent), ptosis in seven (29.1 per cent), and bilateral epicanthus in eleven (45.8 per cent) cases. Turner (1938) described a syndrome of infantilism, congenital webbed neck, and cubitus valgus, which has come to be known as Turner's syndrome. Since then many cases have been reported and multiple other associated features have also been recognized. Isolated ocular features have been mentioned in some sporadic case reports (Cunningham and Harley, 1951; Laurent, Royer, and Noel, 1961; Lessell and Forbes, 1966; Khodadoust and Paton, 1967; Szymanska and Szymanski, 1976; Troupe and Troupe, 1981). So far no significant series of cases has been studied to assess the ocular defects. This report of a series of 24 patients presents classified ophthalmic features. PMID- 6964262 TI - Presumed ocular histoplasmosis. AB - Six patients showing typical manifestations and some rare features of the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome are presented and discussed in the light of present knowledge. Krypton laser photocoagulation was used in one patient with encouraging results. Histoplasmin skin testing was negative in all cases. HLA typing supported the previous findings of an association with HLA B7 but not DRw2. Although the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome is not uncommon outside America the true aetiology of this condition remains obscure. PMID- 6964263 TI - Current concepts of Behcet's disease. AB - Seven patients, who satisfied the criteria laid down by Mason and Barnes (1969) for inclusion under the heading Behcet's disease, were assessed clinically and investigated with particular reference to immune status and blood fibrinolytic activity. In one patient in whom it was possible to obtain an eye for examination, there was evidence, on microscopic examination, of an immune vasculitis as well as clot formation, particularly in the veins. All the patients were treated with fibrinolytic agents and the favourable results obtained with this treatment suggest that it should be considered as the first line of therapy in what is otherwise a very difficult condition to manage. PMID- 6964265 TI - Management of superior half bullous retinal detachment. PMID- 6964264 TI - Laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6964266 TI - Surgery of congenital nystagmus. AB - Congenital nystagmus surgery is discussed from the standpoint of measuring quantitatively the effects of surgery on the waveform, amplitude, and frequency of the nystagmus oscillation. PMID- 6964267 TI - Refractive surgery for the correction of myopia. AB - Interest in the surgical correction of myopia is increasing. At the present time, two procedures are clinically employed: radial keratotomy and myopic keratomileusis. The two techniques are described, and a detailed clinical comparison is presented. PMID- 6964268 TI - Clinical aspects of the correction of aphakia with spectacles. PMID- 6964269 TI - Vitreous fluorophotometry. AB - Vitreous fluorophotometry is as yet in its early phase of development, where probably many of the readings obtained represent artefacts. It is, however, a potentially exciting and useful clinical research tool which may indicate early changes in blood-retinal barrier function and which enables studies of fluid dynamics in the eye. Before it can be used extensively, more work on the development of reliable, uniformly acceptable equipment is necessary. PMID- 6964270 TI - The second Rayner Lecture, 1980. Intraocular lenses at the crossroads. PMID- 6964271 TI - The biochemical organization of the lens. AB - The metabolic pathways of the lens are similar to those found in other tissues but with changes of emphasis in keeping with its function. The mode of growth of the lens results in cells and proteins at the centre of the lens persisting throughout adult life. Changes seen in these proteins may be deleterious aging changes or may be adaptations to a developing environment. The blocked alpha amino groups of two major groups of lens proteins serve to protect the lens against both amino-peptidases and chemical modification. An understanding of the biochemistry of the lens and the chinks in its protective devices leads to the idea that there may be common pathways in cataractogenesis. PMID- 6964272 TI - Changes in lens amino acid transport and protein metabolism during osmotic cataract produced by ouabain. AB - Osmotic (cortical) cataract was induced in bovine lenses during long-term organ culture by adding the cardiac glycoside, ouabain, to the incubation medium. This insult produces a much more rapid effect on protein synthesis than it does on amino acid influx, efflux or net protein loss. The kinetics of amino acid transport and protein synthesis were studied in detail using 14C-tyrosine in the incubation medium and a simple mathematical model was developed to help interpret the data. During efflux experiments, loss of radioactivity could be explained in terms of a single exponential process and ouabain was found to reduce the rate constant of loss after a delay of 50 hours. There was no delay, however, on the effect of ouabain on protein synthesis which was significantly reduced compared to control values. There was no effect of ouabain on net protein loss from the lens until after 120 hours, when significant amounts of 14-C labelled protein began to appear in the washing medium. This initiation of protein loss was accompanied by an increase in the amount of light scattered from the lens. Further studies are underway to determine which of the protein fractions are lost from the lens during osmotic insult. PMID- 6964273 TI - The vitreous and lens in accommodation. PMID- 6964274 TI - The development of presbyopia in primates. AB - Presbyopia, the age-dependent decline in accommodative amplitude, clinically afflicts every individual reaching the age of 40 to 45 years. Various pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed, but none is proven, and until now no animal model for their study has existed. Refraction, axial dimensions, and pharmacologically-induced accommodation were determined in caged rhesus monkeys aged 0.5 to 32 years. Accommodative amplitude decline in an age-dependent manner from greater than 40 diopters to 0 diopters. Mean accommodative amplitude in 0.5 to 5-year old animals was 34.4 diopters; in greater than 25-year old animals it was 5 diopters. Considering the relative life expectancy and accommodative amplitude of rhesus and human, the rate of the age-dependent decline in accommodation was remarkably similar in the two species, as were the relationships between resting axial lenticular thickness and age, and between drug-induced accommodative amplitude and change in lenticular thickness. Thus, the rhesus monkey appears to provide the first known animal model for the study of accommodation and presbyopia as they occur in the human. PMID- 6964275 TI - Visible changes of the lens with age. AB - Slit lamp photographs taken along the optical axis of human eyes were examined with a microdensitometer. This showed an increasing opacity in the lens nucleus, an increased opacity and thickness of the cortex and the anterior lens capsule with age. However, the opacity and width of the anterior disjunction zones decreases with age. Patients with clear lenses but who had chronic uveitis, retinal detachment and glaucoma treated with medication, showed large deviations in the behavior of the disjunction zone as compared with other lenses of the same age. In incipient cataract in the aged, the fogging in the lens cortex is greatest when vestiges of the disjunction zone still remain. The cortex is less affected if the disfunction zone is absent. PMID- 6964276 TI - Some risk factors associated with cataract in S.E. Scotland: a pilot study. AB - Problems of epidemiological studies of cataract are outlined. Some results are reported from a study on 931 cataract patients and 325 non-cataractous individuals. After correction by age and sex several single variables were found to have significant positive or negative correlations with cataract. Interactions between variables were found; these include age, diabetes, the use of diuretics and cataract, between age, sex, the level of alcohol consumption and cataract, and between age, sex, plasma urea levels and the use of different diuretic drugs, only some of which were found to have a positive association with cataract. PMID- 6964277 TI - The structure of the lens proteins. AB - Although lens structural proteins are extremely diverse, there appear to be common structural motifs or folding units from which the beta-gamma-crystallins can be constructed. X-ray diffraction techniques have solved the atomic three dimensional structure of monomeric bovine gamma-II. The related protein, beta Bp, the principal subunit of bovine beta-crystallin has been predicted, using computer graphics techniques, to have a similar tertiary structure. These molecular models show the spatial orientation of some of the reactive side-chains which have been implicated in oxidative disruption of lens structure. PMID- 6964278 TI - Lens opacities in the dog as models for human eye disease. AB - Cataract is common in the dog. Many clinical types occur and the aetiology is varied. Types include congenital cataract, primary hereditary cataract, secondary hereditary cataract, cataract associated with systemic disease and toxic cataract. Primary hereditary cataract occurs in several breeds and differs in type from breed to breed. PMID- 6964279 TI - Linkage and chromosomal studies in congenital cataract. AB - The methods used in linkage and chromosomal studies in congenital cataract are described. These are: classical pedigree analysis with the detection of recombinants among the offspring of informative matings, and somatic cell hybridization. The recently developed methods using recombinant DNA techniques are briefly mentioned. PMID- 6964280 TI - Rubella and virus induced cataracts. AB - Gregg's discovery is acknowledged. The effects of the rubella virus on the lens is discussed, including virus persistence in the lens, post-natal development and post-natal spontaneous absorption of cataract. The effect of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, cytomegalic inclusion disease echovirus and smallpox on the lens are described. PMID- 6964281 TI - The influence of the size of the lens in ocular disease. AB - The mechanism of normal lens growth is considered. This involves both the surface accretion of new fibres and the central compaction of aging fibres. When lens growth is abnormal, it is shown to be retarded in most conditions, but accelerated in diabetes. The relationship between lens growth and ocular disease, in particular angle-closure glaucoma, is discussed. PMID- 6964282 TI - Human posterior subcapsular cataracts. AB - Clinically and pathologically there are two kinds of posterior subcapsular cataracts: vacuolar-lacy and solid plaque. Vacuolar opacities occur in senile, diabetic, retinitis pigmentosa, steroid, and secondary cataracts (Elschnig pearls). Plaque opacities occur in congenital polar, myotonic dystrophy, and Turner syndrome (chromosome XO) cataracts. The vacuolar opacities tend to be more superficial (closer to the posterior capsule), whereas the plaque opacities are generally slightly deeper (more cortical). The vacuolar opacities show cellular proliferation of aberrantly migrated lens epithelial cells in the posterior pole which have added damage to the cataract by secretion of basement membrane, intra- and extra-cellular filaments, and release of cytolytic lysozymes causing liquefaction and necrosis. The plaque opacities are acellular. Both types of cataracts show breakdown of lens fibres into rounded up disorganized globules and some membranous whorls. The liquefied vacuolar opacity is more readily removed by extracapsular cataract extraction, but the retention of nucleated lens epithelial cells in the vacuolar type of opacity is the source of a secondary cataract or Hirchberg-Elschnig pearls which require a discussion or membranectomy to clear the visual axis. This article will review the salient features in the histopathology (light and electron microscopy) and morphology of PSC and amalgamate the findings reported by several investigators (Eshagian and Streeten, 1975; Eshagian, March, Goossens, and Rafferty, 1978, 1978; Eshagian, Rafferty, and Goossens, 1980, 1981; Eshagian, Rafferty, Goossens, and March, 1979; 1980; Streeten and Eshagian, 1978). PMID- 6964283 TI - The response of the lens to trauma. AB - The results of a number of investigations into traumatic cataract and after cataract are presented. The traumatic cataract has been studied both in human lenses and experimentally. Light and electron microscopy, quantitative microradiography and an extracellular tracer--procion dye, were used to follow the cellular changes during cataract progression. The influence of wound size and wound healing as well as the lens fibre response to trauma were followed. Furthermore, tissue culture was used to study the proliferation of lens epithelial cells on the lens capsule. The after-cataract formed in tissue culture as well as experimental traumatic cataracts in rats and rabbits were compared to different stages of human traumatic cataract. Traumatic cataract has a subcapsular distribution and the importance of an intact functioning epithelium for lens transparency is emphasized. PMID- 6964284 TI - Cataracts in the exfoliation syndrome (fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis). AB - The histopathological features of the lenticular part of the exfoliation syndrome includes active production of pathological capsular substance in the epithelial cells in the zona germinativa. Analysis of the cataract pattern of 431 exfoliation lenses and 1776 control lenses extracted at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary shows a significant difference. Cortical and supranuclear cataract is less common and severe in the exfoliation syndrome, while the reverse is true for nuclear cataract. Posterior subcapsular cataract shows no difference while the anterior variety is slightly more common in the control group. It is suggested that the high level of epithelial metabolic activity may be beneficial for the ionpumps and electrolyte environment of the cortical fibres. PMID- 6964285 TI - Regeneration of the lens as a phenomenon of cellular transdifferentiation: regulability of the differentiated state of the vertebrate pigment epithelial cell. AB - The transdifferentiation of pigment epithelial cells in vitro was reviewed on the basis of results in the classic studies of lens regeneration in the newt. It is now known that pigment epithelial cells of avian embryos and human foetuses as well as of the newt can readily transdifferentiate into lens cells, when dissociated and cultured in vitro. The evidence now permits us to postulate that the potential of the pigment epithelial cell population for transdifferentiation is strongly conserved in vertebrates in general. Several environmental conditions controlling the processes have been suggested, and we can now provide an in vitro experimental system which is particularly useful for analysis of the molecular basis of transdifferentiation of the pigment epithelial cell, and its role as the cellular basis of lens regeneration. PMID- 6964286 TI - Lens epithelial proliferation in retinal detachment. AB - That such profound epithelial changes occur might indicate the need to dwell less on protein changes in the formation of other kinds of cataract and more on epithelial alterations resulting in abnormal or absent lens fibre production. Complicated retinal detachment and particularly that due to giant retinal tear causes profound epithelial changes in the lens. These take the form of migration of equatorial and possible anterior cells posteriorly, metaplasia of these cells and of the anterior epithelium, cytoplasmic vaccuolation of anterior and migrated cells, swelling and destruction of migrated cells to form balloon cells and finally, cessation of normal lens fibre production. Many of these changes are related to those occurring in non-retinogenic cataract but are on a massive scale which in a predictable time leads to complete loss of metabolic control in the lens with the formation of acute cataract. PMID- 6964287 TI - Cataracts in Uveitis. AB - One of the most important components in the pathogenesis of lens opacification related to uveitis appears to be lens permeability changes consisting of potassium loss, sodium and water intake and late leakage of cytoplasmic constituents. These changes may be induced by 'Lens Permeability Factors' present and active in the aqueous humor during inflammation, factors that include antigen antibody complexes, antilens and antiuveoretinal antibodies, phospholipase A and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). The damage caused by at least one of these factors, LPC, may be counteracted in vitro by a monosialoganglioside, (GM1). An in vivo experiment, still in progress, suggests that GM1 has a positive effect even in cases of incipient lens opacification related to uveitis. PMID- 6964289 TI - Advantages and disadvantages of different methods of senile cataract surgery. AB - Intra and extra capsular cataract surgery are discussed with regard to advantages and problems. Particular consideration is given to modern microsurgical extracapsular technique. Analysis of corneal complications, cystoid macular oedema and retinal detachment suggest that the present evidence does not justify a change to extracapsular technique, other than to give support to a posterior chamber intraocular lens. It is pointed out that for many surgeons, such a change of technique may cause more problems than it prevents. PMID- 6964288 TI - Risks and difficulties of the treatment of aphakia in infancy. AB - In a clinic where 250 children have been fitted with contact lenses between 1976 and 1982, one hundred and five were bilateral infantile aphakic patients. A review of the data sheets of 43 bilateral infantile aphakic patients in this group implies that the corneal complications of treatment are substantial but surmountable and that the risks and difficulties of contact lens treatment are probably justifiable if the recent reports of improved visual function in these patients are substantiated. PMID- 6964291 TI - The use and abuse of soft contact lenses in aphakia. PMID- 6964290 TI - The long term effect of an iris-supported lens on the endothelium. AB - A retrospective study of 104 eyes that had iris-supported Sputnik intraocular lenses implanted and no surgery in the fellow eye and a separate series of 30 implanted eyes whose second eyes underwent surgery but did not receive implants disclosed that endothelial cell densities in the eyes with implants decreased immediately after surgery and then continued to decrease at the same rate as those of the control eyes. There was no sudden decrease in the endothelial cell counts during follow-up periods ranging from three to seven years. The main cause of large cell losses immediately after surgery, and possibly long-term corneal decompensation, was surgical manipulation rather than the presence of this style of intraocular lens. PMID- 6964293 TI - The anatomy and development of the human lens and zonules. PMID- 6964294 TI - Tips for editorial writers. PMID- 6964292 TI - Methods for evaluation of medical therapy of senile and diabetic cataracts. AB - Loss of transparency in the human lens can be documented by a variety of methods including: (a) slit lamp photography with or without corrections for depth of focus; (b) retroillumination photography alone or coupled to densitometry; (c) high resolution targets projected into the eye and visualized by an ophthalmoscope; (d) drawings and/or measurements of lens opacities; (e) visual acuity determinations after visualization of the macular area and complete eye examination. The advantages and practical uses of each method were reviewed with reference to its value in determining the progression of cataracts in humans. Diabetes accelerates cataract development as determined from graphic plots of cataracts classified after surgical extraction vs the patient's age. Using similar methods high aspirin dosages administered through many years were found to decelerate cataract progression. Drugs for preventing development of diabetic cataracts in animals include inhibitors of aldose reductase or glycosylation such as sulindac (Clinoril), sorbinil or aspirin. PMID- 6964295 TI - Staff salespeople vs. advertising representatives: which is best for you? PMID- 6964296 TI - How to find and hire good salespeople. PMID- 6964297 TI - Guidelines for an advertising code. Council on Journalism, American Dental Association. PMID- 6964298 TI - The editor as businessperson. PMID- 6964299 TI - Should you accept advertising? PMID- 6964300 TI - The editor's advertising checklist. PMID- 6964301 TI - Children with malignant disorders and their families. A study of the implications of the disease and its treatment on everyday life. PMID- 6964302 TI - [Ethical and practical behavior in pediatrics]. PMID- 6964303 TI - Concepts on the temporomandibular joint function and dysfunction. PMID- 6964304 TI - Prosthodontics and the distal extension space. PMID- 6964305 TI - The treatment of traumatised teeth. Part six. Composite tip restorations. PMID- 6964306 TI - Familial leukaemia with coincident malignant disease. PMID- 6964307 TI - [Iron contents of teeth with and without caries]. PMID- 6964308 TI - [Determination of the aminotransferase activity of human saliva]. PMID- 6964309 TI - [Abrasion biopsy of the enamel and the possibility of its application in dentistry for research and clinical purposes]. PMID- 6964310 TI - [Further trials of using ethanol-extracted propolis (EEP) in the treatment of various diseases of the teeth and oral mucosa]. PMID- 6964311 TI - [Possibilities of the analgesic application of acupuncture in dentistry]. PMID- 6964313 TI - [Surgical exposure of teeth in delayed eruption]. PMID- 6964312 TI - [Studies of delayed skin reactions to streptokinase, distreptase and staphylococcal anatoxin in patients with dental focal infections]. PMID- 6964314 TI - [A rare case of oral hemangiopericytoma]. PMID- 6964315 TI - [Clinical observation of 26 gingival tumours in pregnancy]. PMID- 6964316 TI - [Usefulness of pantomosialography in the diagnosis of sialadenitis]. PMID- 6964317 TI - [Case report of post-traumatic changes in the masticatory system]. PMID- 6964319 TI - [Difficult problems in current fluoride prevention of dental caries. 1. General data]. PMID- 6964320 TI - [Studies on steroidogenesis in the oocyte]. AB - The steroid hormone has an important role in the early stages of reproduction. There has been abundant histochemical evidence that oocytes contain steroid hormones and are able to synthesize these hormones. But there have been few methods of analyzing one oocyte biochemically because it is too small and light. In order to study steroidogenesis in the oocyte, a microassay method sensitive enough to analyze the enzyme activities in one oocyte was developed using enzymatic cyling for amplifying the reaction product to 10,000-fold. An oil-well technique and a microtube method were applied in the assay for achieving the reaction in a medium as small as 1.0 to 5.0 microliters under a stereomicroscope. Immature Wistar rats were superovulated by PMS-hCG administration. Oocytes were collected by puncturing the follicle and flushing the tube. They were freeze dried after washing to remove cumulus cells. The dry weight of one oocyte was 51.2 +/- 6.2 ng in a quartz fiber fishpole balance. The activity of 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) (picomol/oocyte/hr, substrate:pregnenolone) in the PMS-treated oocyte was 2.66 +/- 0.59, which corresponds to 3 times the activity of the ovarian homogenate as control, indicating the high capacity of oocytes to produce progesterone. The activity increased significantly (P less than 0.01) by hCG administration up to 4.17 +/- 0.29 after ovulation, suggesting that gonadotropin regulates steroidogenesis in the oocyte. The activities of G6PD and 6PGD were 8.41 +/- 1.09 picomol/oocyte/min and 3.85 +/- 2.02 picomol/oocyte/hr, respectively. The high activity of G6PD (more than 10 times that of the ovarian homogenate) suggests that the pentose phosphate shunt concerned with steroidogenesis is active in the oocyte. HCG decreased the activities of both G6PD and 6PGD. The present results show that steroidogenesis in the oocyte is very active under the control of gonadotropin, suggesting that steroid hormones may play an important role in oocyte maturation, ovulation and fertilization. PMID- 6964318 TI - [Presentation of a lateral shift in visual spatial localization and oral occlusion]. PMID- 6964322 TI - [Didactic programs in dentistry: care of the patient (II)]. PMID- 6964321 TI - [Model teeth: examination of hardness]. PMID- 6964323 TI - [Respiratory emergencies due to the accidental dropping of foreign bodies of dental origin into the respiratory airway]. PMID- 6964324 TI - [Technic using the rubber dam: a new dam frame]. PMID- 6964325 TI - [Dental foci and alloplastic implants]. PMID- 6964326 TI - [New method for the study of the T.M.J. with use of computerized axial tomography: reconstruction of the image]. PMID- 6964327 TI - [Nasolabial cyst: clinical case]. PMID- 6964328 TI - [The importance of bevel in the cavity preparation of anterior teeth]. PMID- 6964329 TI - [Incidents during tooth extraction: two interesting cases]. PMID- 6964330 TI - [Use of new diamond burs for the rational preparation of Class I and II cavities]. PMID- 6964331 TI - [A case of subperiosteal implantation]. PMID- 6964332 TI - [The language of color (II)]. PMID- 6964333 TI - [Pathology of the temporomandibular joint: considerations of the current principles of diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6964334 TI - [The problem of resuscitation in the dental office]. PMID- 6964335 TI - [Emergency substitution and management of an upper central incisor]. PMID- 6964336 TI - [Dental extraction and immediate reimplantation]. PMID- 6964337 TI - [The dental assistant: a role to reevaluate]. PMID- 6964339 TI - [Lining a complete denture with the Futurapress HP-system]. PMID- 6964338 TI - [Recurrent necrotic mucosal periadenitis: a clinical case]. PMID- 6964340 TI - [Metzel's activator appliance]. PMID- 6964342 TI - Dental hygiene practice in Switzerland--employment opportunities. PMID- 6964341 TI - Dental hygiene in China. PMID- 6964344 TI - Supply and demand in the health industries. PMID- 6964343 TI - Medical and dental health care in the People's Republic of China: review of the literature. PMID- 6964345 TI - Failures in conservative dentistry: 2. Endodontics. PMID- 6964346 TI - Oral ulceration in children. PMID- 6964348 TI - [Skeletal relation--dento-alveolar compensation]. PMID- 6964349 TI - [Criteria for functional occlusion]. PMID- 6964350 TI - [Occlusal concepts]. PMID- 6964347 TI - [Principles of occlusion]. PMID- 6964352 TI - Orthodontics in Japan. PMID- 6964351 TI - Lingual orthodontics: a status report. Part 2: Research and development. PMID- 6964353 TI - Teeth want to be straight. PMID- 6964354 TI - An esthetic space retainer. PMID- 6964355 TI - Office manual. PMID- 6964356 TI - [Cysticercosis of the lower lip (a case report)]. PMID- 6964357 TI - [Problems in performing inferior alveolar nerve block: anatomical aspects]. PMID- 6964358 TI - The impact of dental sepsis on systemic disease. PMID- 6964359 TI - Reliability of interdental cleaning aids available in India. PMID- 6964360 TI - Clinical evaluation of antritis in cases of oro-dental infections of upper jaw. PMID- 6964361 TI - Management of lymphangioma by cryoprobe (a case report). PMID- 6964362 TI - Electron microscopic study of human gingival melanin pigmentation. PMID- 6964364 TI - An unusual impacted inverted molar in mandibular condyle with preauricular sinus (a case report). PMID- 6964363 TI - Unusual mesiodentes (a case report). PMID- 6964365 TI - Incidence of A.B.O. blood groups in oral cancer in southern Orissa. PMID- 6964367 TI - Response to routine pulpectomy treatment of maxillary anterior teeth without surgical intervention and medication. PMID- 6964366 TI - Unilateral lipomatosis of cheek. PMID- 6964368 TI - Proliferation of normal and leukemic TdT+ bone marrow cells in man. AB - Proliferative characteristics of lymphoid cells with detectable amounts of nuclear terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in normal or regenerating non leukemic bone marrow of children were assessed by sequential immunological and cytokinetic studies on single cells and compared to those of TdT+ cells in the bone marrow of children with non-T, non-B acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) at diagnosis or in remission. The median labelling index (LI) of non-leukemic TdT+ cells was 21.3% (range 13.2 to 29.7%). The LI of non-leukemic TdT+Ia+ cells (range 18.2 to 32.6%) was always higher than that of non-leukemic TdT+Ia- cells (range 0 to 5.3%). Leukemic TdT+ bone marrow cells of children with previously untreated non-T, non-B ALL had a LI significantly (p less than 0.001) lower (median 6.1%; range 1.4 to 19.7%) than the LI of non-leukemic TdT+ cells. In patients with non-T, non-B ALL in remission neither the percentage of TdT+ cells nor the LI of TdT+ cells appeared to be useful for detecting early relapse. PMID- 6964369 TI - Differential synchronization of leukemic cells in vivo by hydroxyurea. AB - Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to monitor the cell cycle changes which occurred in the bone marrow cells of a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia following pre induction treatment with hydroxyurea. Flow cytometric and cytogenetic analysis showed two populations of cells; one hypertetraploid and presumably leukemic, and the other diploid and possibly normal. Sequential FCM monitoring of bone marrow cells after hydroxyurea demonstrated an early rise (after 24 h) in the S-phase component of diploid cells and a rise in the S-phase component of hypertetraploid cells 48-72 h later. Conventional induction therapy timed to coincide with this latter peak resulted in early remission. PMID- 6964370 TI - Variations of the phosphorylation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ARA-C) in human myeloid leukemic cells related to the cell cycle. AB - Bone marrow cells of five patients with acute myeloid leukemia were fractionated by means of counterflow centrifugation (elutriation). The different fractions were enriched with cells belonging to subsequent stages of the cell cycle. Cytokinetic evaluation of these cell fractions was performed by [3H]thymidine autoradiography, [3H]thymidine incorporation and DNA/RNA-flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C, 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine) in the different fractions was measured by incubation of the cells for 30 min with 1.07 microM [3H]ara-C. Phosphorylation of ara-C in the whole bone marrow samples ranged from 5.9 to 33.2 pmol/10(6) cells. In the fractions containing only G1-phase cells, phosphorylation ranged from 1.2 to 19.5 pmol/10(6) cells. The phosphorylation seems to increase before DNA synthesis starts. Maximal activities were found in the fractions enriched with cells in late G1- or S-phase of the cell cycle. In these fractions the ara-C phosphorylating activity was 1.5-8 times higher compared to the fractions with the lowest activity. One may therefore assume that not only S-phase cells are killed by ara-C, but that G1-phase cells which can phosphorylate ara-C, may also be doomed when they enter S-phase, since the elimination of the intracellular cytosine arabinoside tri-phosphate (ara-CTP) is a relatively slow process. The fraction of G1-phase cells phosphorylating ara-C, may be an important determinant in the extent of the cell-killing effect of ara-C treatment in the different leukemias. PMID- 6964371 TI - [The design of a simplified electric stimulator of the dental pulp that delivers constant current impulses]. PMID- 6964372 TI - [A case report of the treatment of dens invaginatus]. PMID- 6964373 TI - [Variables that play a role in the electric stimulation of the dental pulp. Ideal requirements of an electrical stimulator for the dental pulp for use in clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 6964374 TI - [Epidemiologic study of dental pathology in a community of aged in the city of Milan: need for treatment and relative costs]. PMID- 6964375 TI - [Pathology following injury to the primary teeth and orthodontic consequences]. PMID- 6964376 TI - [Opinions and attitudes of a group of dentists on various problems of their profession]. PMID- 6964377 TI - [The jaw opening reflex as an index of the functioning of the stomatologic apparatus]. PMID- 6964378 TI - [Premise for the periodontal treatment of Class V lesions]. PMID- 6964379 TI - [Sensory activity and reflexes in the trigeminal area: jaw opening reflex]. PMID- 6964381 TI - Quality assurance--an update. PMID- 6964380 TI - [Perception and pain levels in electric stimulation of the dental pulp in man]. PMID- 6964382 TI - Assignment infringes on dentist's rights. PMID- 6964383 TI - [Caries and orthodontics]. PMID- 6964384 TI - [The orthodontist faced with surgery]. PMID- 6964385 TI - [Interrelation between karyotype changes and the clinical aspects of blastic crisis in myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6964386 TI - Chemical mechanisms for cytochrome P-450 oxidation: spectral and catalytic properties of a manganese-substituted protein. AB - Bacterial cytochrome P-450 induced by camphor (P-450cam) is reconstituted with manganese-protoporphyrin IX, yielding an enzyme that displays unique spectral properties relative to previously characterized manganese-porphyrin systems. The nitric oxide complex of the manganese(II)-protein shows a hyper-metalloporphyrin spectrum suggestive of thiolate ligation to the porphyrin-bound manganese ion. In the presence of iodosobenzene as a source of active oxygen, manganese-substituted cytochrome P-450cam serves as a catalyst for the epoxidation of an enzyme-bound olefin substrate. This reactivity proceeds through a spectrally detectable intermediate that resembles the manganese(V)-oxo complexes that have been well documented with model systems employing artificial manganese-metalloporphyrins in organic solution. Interestingly, manganese-substituted cytochrome-P-450cam shows no hydroxylation activity either in the reconstituted camphor hydroxylase system with pyridine nucleotide or in the presence of iodosobenzene and the Mn(III) form of the protein. PMID- 6964387 TI - Modulation by calcium of the potassium permeability of dog heart sarcolemmal vesicles. AB - The movement of K+ in heart sarcolemmal vesicles has been followed through the opposing movement of the tetraphenylphosphonium ion. Ca2+ (5-50 microM) stimulates the efflux of K+ from K+-loaded vesicles [Km(Ca2+) approximately equal to 10 microM]. and the activation requires that Ca2+ be present inside the vesicles together with K+. The efflux of 86Rb+ from K+-, Rb+-loaded vesicles is similarly stimulated by 5-50 microM Ca2+ [Km(Ca2+) approximately equal to 10 microM]. The Ca2+-induced increase of K+ permeability does not become spontaneously inactivated. The effects of some inhibitors have been tested under conditions in which Ca2+ promotes the entry of K+ into vesicles. In this system, direct interaction of the drug with the Ca2+ and K+ membrane binding site(s) was therefore studied. Tetraethylammonium ion, which inhibits the potential-dependent K+ channel, does not interfere with the effect of Ca2+ whereas quinidine (IC50 = 12 microM) and trifluoperazine (IC50 = 8 microM at 50 micrograms of sarcolemmal protein per ml) inhibit. PMID- 6964388 TI - Proximity of the substrate binding site and the heme-iron catalytic site in cytochrome P-450scc. AB - As an approach to "mapping" the active site of the cytochrome P-450 that catalyzes cholesterol side-chain cleavage, designated cytochrome P-450scc, we have synthesized steroid derivatives with the potential to interact with both the substrate binding site and the heme-iron catalytic site of the enzyme. The effects of these substrate analogs were studied with cytochrome P-450scc purified from bovine adrenal cortex. One derivative, 22-amino-23,24-bisnor-5-cholen-3 beta ol, was found to be a potent inhibitor of pregnenolone formation in a reconstituted enzyme system, and a kinetic analysis of the inhibition showed that binding of the derivative is competitive with respect to cholesterol. The spectral properties of a stable complex formed between the steroidal amine and the purified cytochrome suggest that the 22-amine group coordinates directly to the heme-iron. A model for the structure of this inhibitor-enzyme complex is proposed in which the 5-androstene ring system of the steroid occupies the substrate binding site, and the amine group of the side chain occupies an axial coordination position of the Fe(III) center. This places limits on the distance between these two domains in the enzyme and offers support for proposed mechanisms of cytochrome P-450-catalyzed oxygen-insertion reactions in which an iron-bound oxidant directly attacks the substrate. PMID- 6964389 TI - Nucleotide sequence of tobacco mosaic virus RNA. AB - Oligonucleotide primers have been used to generate a cDNA library covering the entire tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA sequence. Analysis of these clones has enabled us to complete the viral RNA sequence and to study its variability within a viral population. The positive strand coding sequence starts 69 nucleotides from the 5' end with a reading frame for a protein of Mr 125,941 and terminates with UAG. Readthrough of this terminator would give rise to a protein of Mr 183,253. Overlapping the terminal five codons of this readthrough reading frame is a second reading frame coding for a protein of Mr 29,987. This gene terminates two nucleotides before the initiator codon of the coat protein gene. Potential signal sequences responsible for the capping and synthesis of the coat protein and Mr 29,987 protein mRNAs have been identified. Similar sequences within these reading frames may be used in the expression of sets of proteins that share COOH terminal sequences. PMID- 6964390 TI - Mechanism of tobacco mosaic virus assembly: role of subunit and larger aggregate protein. AB - Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was reconstituted from the RNA of a common strain (OM) and the protein of a watermelon strain of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV-W), which is a member of the tobamovirus group. In 0.25 M phosphate buffer at 25 degrees C, CGMMV-W protein existed mainly as 21S aggregates. When this protein was mixed with OM RNA, complexes of short rods were formed but further elongation did not occur. After the addition of subunits in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at 25 degrees C, elongation to the 5' end of the RNA proceeded as fast as in the case of reconstitution with the usual equilibrium "disk preparation" of OM protein, to give 260-nm intermediates in the first 5-7 min. The results proved that the rapid elongation we previously observed in the reconstitution of TMV-OM following the assembly initiation is the outcome of preferential incorporation of TMV subunit protein. Either preformed 21S aggregate or the subunit of CGMMV protein was added to the 260-nm intermediate. Elongation to the 3' end of the RNA was investigated in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at 25 degrees C by measuring the distribution of rod length and the RNase-resistant infectivity. The results showed that the 21S aggregate is kinetically favored as the protein source during the slow elongation process. PMID- 6964391 TI - Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II is inhibited by S adenosylhomocysteine. AB - Most eukaryotic mRNAs are blocked at their 5' termini by guanylylation and methylation. These "cap structures" have been shown to play important roles in increasing the stability and translatability of mRNAs. Previous in vitro and in vivo data suggest that these modifications occur extremely early in the synthesis of RNA transcripts by RNA polymerase II. Here we show that S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), both a product and an inhibitor of transmethylation reactions, inhibits transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, but not by RNA polymerase III, in a HeLa whole-cell lysate. AdoHcy must be present during initiation to inhibit transcription and does not affect elongation by RNA polymerase II or the stability of the resultant transcript. Furthermore, AdoHcy does not inhibit transcription by purified HeLa RNA polymerase II. These results suggest that formation of the 5'-cap structure is coupled to initiation of transcription and is consistent with a close association between the capping enzymes and RNA polymerase II at the time of initiation. PMID- 6964392 TI - Messenger RNA species partially in a repressed state in mouse sarcoma ascites cells. AB - Four major mRNA species of mouse sarcoma ascites cells, coding for polypeptides designated P65, P40, P36, and P21, occur predominantly as untranslated messenger ribonucleoprotein particles. Cloned cDNA probes were used to study their distribution in cytoplasmic extracts of these cells. A considerable portion of the mRNA molecules sedimented as small particles, whereas the rest was present in polyribosomes. In contrast, the actin mRNA was present almost exclusively in polyribosomes. Incubation of the ascites cells in culture medium, particularly after a starvation treatment, caused an enhancement in polypeptide chain initiation relative to elongation in these cells, as evidenced by a shift of ribosomes into the polyribosome fraction and by an increase in polyribosome size. Exposure of the cells to a low concentration of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of the elongation step, had a similar effect. The actin mRNA and the active P65, P40, P36, and P21 mRNA molecules were shifted to larger polyribosomes in the treated cells, but no shift of molecules from small particles to polyribosomes was observed. The incubation in culture also led to considerable increases in the proportion of P65 and P40 mRNA molecules in the untranslated state. The results indicate that the untranslated state cannot be attributed to poor initiation efficiency. It is suggested that a portion of the mRNA molecules is maintained in a repressed state and that mRNA repression may represent an important translation control process. PMID- 6964393 TI - Instability of coated vesicles in concentrated sucrose solutions. AB - A method of preparing homogeneous coated vesicles that eliminates the high sucrose concentrations heretofore used is presented. It is shown that sucrose at high concentrations dissociates the coat from coated vesicles. This reaction can explain the presence of empty coats observed with preparations obtained with high concentrations of sucrose. The protein and membrane lipid components have been analyzed by the intrinsic tryptophan and extrinsic diphenylhexatriene fluorescence, respectively. Analysis of mixtures of coated vesicles and baskets resolved the contributions of the two species to the fluorescence curves. PMID- 6964394 TI - DNA motions in the nucleosome core particle. AB - We have used time-resolved triplet state anisotropy decay techniques to measure the conformational flexibility of DNA in the nucleosome. From these measurements we conclude that, in a nucleosome, the DNA helix experiences substantial internal flexibility, which occurs with a time constant near 30 nsec. We find that our data can be fit well by a modified version of the Barkley-Zimm model for DNA motion, allowing only DNA twisting motions and the overall tumbling of the nucleosome. That fit yields a calculated torsional rigidity equal to 1.8 X 10( 19) erg X cm, a value equal to that measured for uncomplexed DNA. We conclude from such similarity that large, fast twisting motions of the DNA helix persist, nearly unaltered, when DNA is wrapped to form a nucleosome. PMID- 6964396 TI - A processed human immunoglobulin epsilon gene has moved to chromosome 9. AB - Processed genes--genes that resemble processed RNA transcripts rather than interrupted genomic sequences--have been identified as dispersed members of several gene families. Here we describe a processed gene that is one of the three human IgE-like sequences present in the human genome. The processed IgE gene has precisely lost its three intervening sequences, thereby fusing its four coding domains. The homology of the gene to its functional counterpart ends in an adenine-rich tail followed by an 11-base-pair sequence that is directly repeated 150 base pairs 5' to its first coding domain. In addition, the processed gene is located on human chromosome 9 rather than on chromosome 14, the site of the active immunoglobulin locus. The structure and evident mobility of this sequence support the concept that sequences can move about in the genome via RNA intermediates and that processed genes are a prominent feature of genomic structure. PMID- 6964395 TI - Nonrandom distribution of repeated DNA sequences with respect to supercoiled loops and the nuclear matrix. AB - The DNA in a eukaryotic nucleus is arranged into a series of supercoiled loops that are anchored at their bases to the nuclear matrix. We have analyzed the DNA sequences that are closest to the matrix attachment points for their relative content of specific repeated sequences. Sequences were enriched (mouse satellite, human Alu family) or depleted (mouse EcoRI repeat, monkey alpha component), depending on the specific sequence and species examined. These results can be understood in terms of a nonrandom arrangement of DNA sequences with respect to nuclear DNA loops. PMID- 6964397 TI - Mortality among health-conscious elderly Californians. AB - In an attempt to obtain epidemiologic evidence regarding the mortality rate among vitamin supplement users, a prospective study was made of 479 elderly Californian respondents to a 1974 questionnaire carried in Prevention, a health magazine that advocates vitamin supplement usage. Based on self-reported questionnaire data obtained in 1974 and 1977, this cohort does indeed consume large quantities of vitamin and mineral supplements. In addition, the cohort is quite health conscious and appears to have taken up a "Prevention life-style" in recent years. For instance, these individuals are primarily nonsmokers, although about 50% formerly smoked cigarettes. Most of them eat meat, poultry, or fish but do so in moderation; and they consume only modest amounts of alcohol, whole milk, white bread, salt, and sugar. Their socioeconomic status is somewhat higher than the national average. Because this group differs from the general population in many ways it is difficult to separate the various factors that might influence their health. During 6 years of follow-up, a total of 107 deaths occurred. Based on comparison with 1977 United States whites, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) is 78% for the males, 54% for the females, and 68% for both sexes combined. All three SMR values are significantly less than 100% (P less than 0.05). For both sexes combined, the SMR is 86% for cancer, 62% for total cardiovascular diseases, and 73% for all other causes. Only the cardiovascular SMR is significantly lower than 100%. The death rate for the males is approximately the same as that reported among other healthy nonsmoking questionnaire respondents. but the death rate for females is significantly less (P less than 0.01). The only notable relationships between questions asked in 1974 and subsequent mortality are those indicating a higher mortality rate associated with inactivity, heart trouble, and very low and very high levels of vitamin E intake. For this highly selected cohort, the overall "Prevention life-style" appears to be a healthy one, but the cohort experiences no clear reduction in total mortality because of high levels of vitamin intake per se. PMID- 6964398 TI - Transepithelial transport by pulmonary alveolar type II cells in primary culture. AB - Fluid and electrolyte transport by epithelial cells in vitro can be recognized by the ability of cultured cells to form domes and by the electrical properties of monolayer cultures. Pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells are thought to be partially responsible for fluid movement in the fetal lung, but their role in electrolyte transport in the adult lung is not known. We isolated alveolar type II cells from adult rat lung and maintained them on plastic culture dishes alone, on plastic culture dishes coated with an extracellular matrix, and on collagen coated Millipore filters. Numerous large domes were formed on culture dishes coated with the extracellular matrix; smaller domes were formed on uncoated plastic culture dishes. Sodium butyrate (3 mM) stimulated dome formation. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the epithelial cells had flattened but still retained lamellar inclusions and that the cells were polarized with microvilli on the apical surface facing the culture medium. The electrical properties of the monolayers maintained on collagen-coated Millipore filters were tested in two laboratories. The transepithelial potential differences were 0.7 +/ 0.1 mV (24 filters, seven experiments) and 1.3 +/- 0.1 mV (13 filters, two experiments) apical side negative, and the corresponding resistances were 217 +/- 11 ohm X cm2 and 233 +/- 12 ohm X cm2. Terbutaline (10 microM) produced a biphasic response with a transient decrease and then a sustained increase in potential difference. Amiloride (0.1 mM) completely abolished the potential difference when it was added to the apical side but not when it was added to the basal side, whereas 1 mM ouabain inhibited the potential difference more effectively from the basal side. Thus, type II cells form a polarized epithelium in culture, and these cells actively transport electrolytes in vitro. PMID- 6964399 TI - Post-translational processing of cholecystokinin in pig brain and gut. AB - A sequential extraction method employing methanol extraction of the COOH-terminal fragments of cholecystokinin (CCK) from pig tissues followed by HCl extraction of intact CCK and its NH2-terminal fragments is described. Radioimmunoassay of extracts and their fractionation by Sephadex chromatography and HPLC demonstrate that the distributions of COOH-terminal and NH2-terminal immunoreactivities among various regions of brain are similar and independent of the concentrations in individual regions. The distribution in gut differs from that in brain. Greatest concentrations of CCK immunoreactivity are located in cortical tissue in the brain and in duodenal mucosa in gut. Both brain and gut contain CCK octapeptide (CCK8) and an NH2-terminal fragment that is likely to be desoctapeptide-CCK33. Intact CCK33 is extractable from gut but not from brain. Brain contains another NH2-terminal immunoreactive molecule lacking COOH-terminal immunoreactivity that may be a peptide with a COOH-terminal extension, as has been described for gastrin, or one that may not be derived from a CCK33-like precursor. This peptide is much less prominent in gut, or may be nonexistent there. The failure to find CCK33 in the brain and the presence in the brain of this as-yet-uncharacterized NH2-terminal peptide raises the question as to whether the differences between neuronal and mucosal tissues are a consequence of differences in post translational processing or in the DNA templates. PMID- 6964400 TI - Sprouting from chicken embryo dorsal root ganglia induced by nerve growth factor is specifically inhibited by affinity-purified antiganglioside antibodies. AB - The involvement of gangliosides in processes related to nerve regeneration and sprouting has been demonstrated recently. The type of interaction by which gangliosides may influence neuronal sprouting was investigated in the present work. Affinity-purified rabbit anti-GM1 antibodies were found to block the sprouting from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of chicken embryo induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). Only a moderately inhibitory effect was produced by antibodies directed to GM2, suggesting a specific interaction between NGF and GM1. In spite of the low inhibitory effect of anti-GM2 antibodies on sprouting, their binding to dissociated DRG cells was found to be higher than that of anti GM1 antibodies. These results emphasize the high resolution of the system and suggest that the interaction of NGF with GM1 is involved in the process of sprouting. PMID- 6964401 TI - Isolation, characterization, and purification to homogeneity of a rat brain protein (GABA-modulin). AB - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-modulin is a brain neuropeptide that appears to modulate specific high-affinity (20 nM) GABA recognition sites in brain. When added to crude synaptic membranes this peptide inhibits binding of [3H]GABA to the high-affinity site and prevents facilitation of [3H]diazepam binding elicited by GABA. GABA-modulin has been purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel chromatography, and reverse-phase HPLC. Homogeneity was confirmed by a variety of means, including chromatography under four different HPLC conditions, two different polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses, and end group analysis. Purified GABA-modulin contains approximately 126 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 16,500. The GABA-modulin molecule contains an abundance of hydrophilic basic residues, and neither cysteine nor GABA is present. End group analyses of GABA-modulin showed that histidine is the free COOH terminus and the NH2 terminus is blocked. GABA-modulin specifically blocked both [3H]GABA binding to synaptic membranes (IC50, 0.5 microM) and GABA-stimulated [3H]diazepam binding; the binding of [3H]GABA to low-affinity sites was not affected. PMID- 6964402 TI - Role of prostaglandin D2 in the hypothermia of rats caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - The intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium (1 mg/kg) caused a fall in the rat colonic temperature of about 2 degrees C at an ambient temperature of 22 +/- 3 degrees C. The hypothermia induced by the lipopolysaccharide was abated in a dose-dependent manner by the administration of indomethacin. Other inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase such as aspirin, flufenamic acid, and phenylbutazone had effects similar to those of indomethacin. When various prostaglandins were injected intracerebroventricularly, only prostaglandin D2 caused a dose-dependent fall in the colonic temperature at doses between 1.2 and 6 nmol/kg. Microinjection of prostaglandin D2 into the preoptic area caused hypothermia of about 1 degree C. However, injection of prostaglandin D2 into the posterior hypothalamus had little effect on the colonic temperature. The hypothermia caused by prostaglandin D2 was not abated by the administration of indomethacin. The amount of prostaglandin D2 increased significantly in the preoptic/hypothalamic region of rat brain 1 hr after the intraperitoneal administration of the lipopolysaccharide, whereas such increase was not observed in rats pretreated with indomethacin. The in vitro incubation of the preoptic/hypothalamic slices with the lipopolysaccharide also increased the amount of prostaglandin D2. These results suggest that the intraperitoneal administration of the lipopolysaccharide induces the release of prostaglandin D2 in the preoptic/hypothalamic area of rat brain and that the latter compound is involved in the hypothermic response of rats to the lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6964403 TI - Sleep-promoting effects of muramyl peptides. AB - A muramyl peptide that induces excess slow-wave sleep in rats, rabbits, and cats has recently been isolated from human urine. We now report that synthetic acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine ("muramyl dipeptide") and its lysyl derivative (acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyllysine) can mimic the somnogenic effects of the natural peptide. Both compounds are also pyrogenic and may cause other disturbances of autonomic function. The pyrogenic effects of intravenously administered muramyl dipeptide can be suppressed by previous treatment with acetaminophen without blocking the sleep-promoting effects. PMID- 6964404 TI - [Basic knowledge: tooth conservation information (II)]. PMID- 6964406 TI - [Preventive aspects in connection with periodontal treatment]. PMID- 6964405 TI - [An objective recording method for the description of dental health (II)]. PMID- 6964408 TI - [Pricing in partial dentures - Bema-Nr. 114]. PMID- 6964407 TI - [The function of the dental assistant in the treatment of children in dental practice]. PMID- 6964409 TI - [Confidence is good ... control is better! Biological testing of sterilization in dental practice]. PMID- 6964411 TI - [Chiropractic - an old cure]. PMID- 6964410 TI - [Matrices]. PMID- 6964413 TI - [Periodontal instruments (I)]. PMID- 6964412 TI - [Basic knowledge: tooth conservation information (IV)]. PMID- 6964414 TI - [Oral hygiene measures in children with orthodontic appliances]. PMID- 6964415 TI - [The patient without an appointment]. PMID- 6964416 TI - [Hygiene in dental practice (II)]. PMID- 6964417 TI - [Photography in the dental field (II)]. PMID- 6964418 TI - [Standing and sitting]. PMID- 6964420 TI - [Direct view, dry field using teamwork with Dr. Schon's suction method (I)]. PMID- 6964419 TI - [Dental health and nutrition - knowledge for the patient]. PMID- 6964421 TI - [Care and cleaning of handpieces and angle pieces, yesterday-today-tomorrow (IV)]. PMID- 6964422 TI - [Basic knowledge: tooth conservation information (I)]. PMID- 6964423 TI - [An objective recording method for the description of dental health (I)]. PMID- 6964424 TI - [Direct view, dry workfield--teamwork using the Prof. Schon suction method (IV)]. PMID- 6964425 TI - [Rational management in dental practice (II)]. PMID- 6964426 TI - [Reflections on disinfection and sterilization in dental practice from a microbiological viewpoint]. PMID- 6964427 TI - [Walkman in dental practice]. PMID- 6964428 TI - [Bimaxillary treatment appliance in orthodontics (II)]. PMID- 6964431 TI - [Quantitative analysis of Meniere's disease]. PMID- 6964429 TI - [Medical information processing systems and controlling biological systems]. PMID- 6964430 TI - [Changes in the characteristics of induction motors resulting from parameter changes]. PMID- 6964433 TI - [Output reproducibility on nonlinear systems represented by the discrete time Volterra functional series]. PMID- 6964432 TI - [Chromatographic data on bradykinin and related peptides]. PMID- 6964434 TI - [Computer simulation of the solidification process of mulit-grain systems]. PMID- 6964435 TI - [Effect of various additives on the mechanical properties of sintered hydroxyapatite]. PMID- 6964436 TI - [DSC studies on polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of polymers]. PMID- 6964437 TI - [Evaluation of the biocompatibility of polymeric materials]. PMID- 6964438 TI - [Prophylactic effect of EG-1088 on cerebrovascular lesions of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats]. PMID- 6964439 TI - [Analysis and measurement of grinding forces of dental diamond points]. PMID- 6964441 TI - [The bullet detector for autopsy]. PMID- 6964440 TI - [Designing the dental chair with high functions. Studies on light-weight, single plate structures of fiber-reinforced plastics]. PMID- 6964442 TI - [Velocity to pressure ratio (U2/AP) as an index for left ventricular performance]. PMID- 6964443 TI - [Surgical technic and case evaluation of transplantation of third molar tooth germs]. PMID- 6964444 TI - Kinesiographic and electromyographic analysis of the masticatory muscles in Moebius' syndrome. PMID- 6964445 TI - [Oro-dental diseases in drug addicts]. PMID- 6964446 TI - [Dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth: clinical case]. PMID- 6964447 TI - [Mesio-distal diameters]. PMID- 6964448 TI - [Case report of essential idiopathic fibromatosis of the gingiva]. PMID- 6964450 TI - [Orthodontic appliances in the treatment of Angle class I malocclusion]. PMID- 6964449 TI - [Facial asymmetry due to ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint during growth: clinical analysis]. PMID- 6964451 TI - [Ultrasound and prenatal growth of the cranio-facial skeleton]. PMID- 6964452 TI - [Plasmacytoma of the jaw]. PMID- 6964453 TI - [Stress in orthodontic wires during the construction of loops]. PMID- 6964454 TI - [Critical considerations and cases of transplantation of impacted canines in adults]. PMID- 6964455 TI - [Oral cytology of the woman during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause]. PMID- 6964456 TI - [Leukoplakia]. PMID- 6964457 TI - [Persistent trigeminal neuralgia as a result of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon derivative poisoning]. PMID- 6964458 TI - [Surgical destruction of the anterior palate]. PMID- 6964459 TI - [Comparative analysis of various drugs used in dental anesthesia]. PMID- 6964460 TI - [Reproducibility of intra-oral radiographs]. PMID- 6964462 TI - [Fear of dentists: why?]. PMID- 6964461 TI - [Homeopathic medicine in dentistry (I)]. PMID- 6964463 TI - [The effect of low temperatures on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. Analysis of the compensatory mechanisms and possible extrapolations to acute hypothermia in humans]. PMID- 6964464 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the calcium hydroxide base Procal on human primary teeth]. PMID- 6964465 TI - [Biopsy in the oral cavity. Findings in 590 of our cases]. PMID- 6964466 TI - [Radiography of the hand as a criterion for identification of twins]. PMID- 6964467 TI - [Observation of aluminium-oxide implants using scanning electron microscopy, after treatment with various buffer systems]. PMID- 6964468 TI - [Absolute and relative macrodontia and microdontia]. PMID- 6964469 TI - [Ketalar anesthesia as one of the choices of anesthesia in oral surgery]. PMID- 6964471 TI - [Approach to various types of patients and dentists' relations with them]. PMID- 6964470 TI - [Acute cellular toxicity of aluminium-oxide ceramic on cultures of human fibroblasts]. PMID- 6964472 TI - [Taurodontism (exotaurodontism, endotaurodontism)]. PMID- 6964473 TI - [Fear of dental treatment in pictures drawn by schoolchildren]. PMID- 6964474 TI - [Treatment of pregnant women, schoolchildren and preschool children in the dental office]. PMID- 6964475 TI - [The dentist as a person]. PMID- 6964476 TI - Detection of squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus by the general dentist. PMID- 6964477 TI - Obturation technique for large root canal systems. PMID- 6964478 TI - [Ufix fixative for relining. Relinings without occluders flasks and presses]. PMID- 6964479 TI - [Importance, construction, contents and application of operational schemes in dental technical laboratories]. PMID- 6964480 TI - Physiological and methodological aspects of blood pressure measurement in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Proceedings from a symposium, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 2, 1981. PMID- 6964483 TI - Systolic blood pressure and heart rate changes during exercise in three groups of 40-49 year old men in Oslo. PMID- 6964481 TI - Measurement of capillary pressure using modern manometer systems. PMID- 6964482 TI - Blood pressure regulation and characteristics of small arteries in hypertension. PMID- 6964486 TI - Technical equipment for blood pressure recording. PMID- 6964484 TI - Assessment of blood pressure response during ergometric work in normotensive and hypertensive patients. PMID- 6964485 TI - Blood pressure response during exercise. PMID- 6964488 TI - Which arm to measure the blood pressure? PMID- 6964487 TI - Assessment of auscultatory blood pressure in the out-patient clinic. PMID- 6964489 TI - Pressure measurements in small blood vessels. PMID- 6964490 TI - D IV or D V in measurement of arm blood pressure? PMID- 6964492 TI - Clinical experience using home readings in hypertensive subjects (indirect technique). PMID- 6964491 TI - Testing of equipment for home blood pressure reading. PMID- 6964493 TI - Home readings of blood pressure in evaluation of hypertensive subjects using a new selfrecording manometer. PMID- 6964494 TI - [Dimensional characteristics of the mandibular third molar]. PMID- 6964495 TI - [The use of the electronic color analyzer in dentistry]. PMID- 6964496 TI - [Hygienic prevention in preschool children]. PMID- 6964497 TI - [Clinical evaluation of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6964498 TI - [Importance of the abstract in primary scientific publications]. PMID- 6964499 TI - [Trismus after mandibular anesthesia]. PMID- 6964500 TI - [Desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible]. PMID- 6964502 TI - Endodontics. The diagnostic problem. PMID- 6964501 TI - Endodontics. The endodontic emergency problem. PMID- 6964503 TI - Endodontics. The discoloration problem. An endodontic solution. PMID- 6964504 TI - [Oral health needs and innovations in the field of private practice in Latin America]. PMID- 6964505 TI - [New focus for implementation of continuing education]. PMID- 6964506 TI - [Computers in dentistry]. PMID- 6964507 TI - [Transition model in the teaching-learning of dentistry: experiences at the Catholic University of Minas Gerais]. PMID- 6964508 TI - [Pectoralis major island flap in head and neck reconstruction]. PMID- 6964509 TI - [Covering facial defects using an island flap with a subcutaneous pedicle. V. Y advancement]. PMID- 6964510 TI - [Use of the compound trapezius osteomyocutaneous flap in face and mouth reconstruction]. PMID- 6964511 TI - [Problems in the treatment of complicated fractures of the lower leg with soft tissue defects]. PMID- 6964512 TI - [Critical review of 10 years' use of the surgical method of closing the cleft palate with lyodura]. PMID- 6964513 TI - [Submucous cleft palate]. PMID- 6964514 TI - [Potential for depression in dental practice]. PMID- 6964516 TI - [Is myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome a psychosomatic illness?]. PMID- 6964515 TI - [Depression, a social malady]. PMID- 6964517 TI - [Glossodynias--clinical approach and therapeutic applications]. PMID- 6964519 TI - Clinical experience with the use of dentine chips in pulpectomies. PMID- 6964518 TI - [Orofacial pain of psychological origin]. PMID- 6964520 TI - Endodontics in general practice--a retrospective survey. PMID- 6964521 TI - Reduction in pulpal inflammation beneath surface-sealed silicates. PMID- 6964523 TI - Factors promoting the tissue dissolving capability of sodium hypochlorite. PMID- 6964522 TI - Adverse tissue reactions following the use of Spad. PMID- 6964524 TI - A modification of the Millipore method for screening restorative materials. PMID- 6964525 TI - [Logical basis for indications and design of MOD inlays]. PMID- 6964526 TI - [Clinical considerations in an endodontic case report]. PMID- 6964527 TI - [Amalgam phases: current views]. PMID- 6964528 TI - [Clinical considerations on the penetration of medicinal agents into the alveolar canal]. PMID- 6964529 TI - [Dental caries incidence and oral hygiene habits in the school population of Lamgezia Terme: epidemiologic aspects]. PMID- 6964531 TI - [Tuberculosis of the parotid gland in childhood (case presentation)]. PMID- 6964530 TI - [Gingival prosthesis]. PMID- 6964532 TI - [Orthodontic therapy, during primary and mixed dentition, of unilateral crossbite with dysfunction using selective grinding and occlusal reconstruction with composites]. PMID- 6964534 TI - [Trigeminal neuralgia with chronic infection due to the presence of a large root fragment in the mandibular canal]. PMID- 6964535 TI - [Panoramic radiography of the temporomandibular joint using zonography]. PMID- 6964533 TI - [Trajectory of the hyoid bone in mandibular prognathism before and after corrective surgery]. PMID- 6964536 TI - [Toxicity of composite resins]. PMID- 6964537 TI - [Composites: a cyclic evaluation]. PMID- 6964538 TI - [Epidemiologic study of the incidence of dental caries in the school age population of Ferrara: percentage of children with carious teeth; evaluation of the DMF indes; statistical comparisons]. PMID- 6964539 TI - [A review of immunopathology of importance to dentistry (I). General concepts in immunology]. PMID- 6964540 TI - [Specific submandibular lymphoadenopathies: role of the atypical mycobacteria]. PMID- 6964541 TI - [Conservative endodontic therapy of apical radiolucencies in non-vital teeth]. PMID- 6964543 TI - [Use of penicillin prodrugs in dentistry: I]. PMID- 6964542 TI - [Gingival recession during progesterone-estrogen therapy]. PMID- 6964545 TI - [A rare anatomical anomaly: persistance of the naso-palatine ducts]. PMID- 6964544 TI - [Comparative electromyographic evaluation in various types of malocclusion]. PMID- 6964546 TI - [Use of penicillin prodrugs in dentistry: II]. PMID- 6964549 TI - [Multi-wire osteosynthesis in multiple fragment fractures of the body of the mandible]. PMID- 6964547 TI - [Fluoride in alginates]. PMID- 6964548 TI - [Use of sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and Tubulicid BlueR as irrigatants to obtain sterility in endodontic treatment]. PMID- 6964550 TI - [Review of immunopathology of importance to dentistry. II. Diseases of particular dental importance]. PMID- 6964552 TI - [Recent progress in the area of fluoridation and prevention of caries]. PMID- 6964551 TI - [Epidemiologic study of dental caries in the school age population of Ferrara: comparison between the urban and rural areas (II)]. PMID- 6964554 TI - [Determination of fluoride ions in drinking water using the Gran's plot method]. PMID- 6964553 TI - [A model for the kinetic study of the effect of the fermentation process on teeth]. PMID- 6964555 TI - [Relation between fluoridation and values of salivary alkaline phosphatase]. PMID- 6964558 TI - [Surgical flaps: indications and clinical considerations]. PMID- 6964556 TI - [Failure in endodontic surgery. Presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 6964557 TI - [Relation between serum cholesterol and dental periapical focal infection]. PMID- 6964559 TI - [Use of piroxicam in dentistry for the treatment of pain and inflammation after tooth extraction]. PMID- 6964561 TI - [Autologous transplantation of dental germs removed together with the follicular cysts caused by them]. PMID- 6964560 TI - [Electromyographic study of Class II/1 dysfunctional malocclusions treated with functional appliances. Comparison of tracings before and after treatment]. PMID- 6964562 TI - [Electromyographic evaluation in Class II/1 dysfunctional malocclusions: comparison of the tracings before and during the use of functional activators]. PMID- 6964564 TI - [Comparison between various cephalometric parameters in 2 female population groups]. PMID- 6964565 TI - [Risk of infective endocarditis in surgically-treated cardiopathy patients undergoing dental procedures]. PMID- 6964563 TI - [Comparison between various cephalometric parameters in 2 male population groups]. PMID- 6964566 TI - [Clinical aspects of malocclusion encountered in patients with uni- and bi lateral lip, palate and jaw clefts]. PMID- 6964567 TI - Durability and indications of amalgam restorations. PMID- 6964568 TI - [Presentation of a new type of partial arch, in 3 versions, for the distal movement of canines in orthodontics]. PMID- 6964569 TI - [Orthodontic diagnostic relevance of the Wits cephalometric method and the arc method in the evaluation of the sagittal relation of the basal cranial structures]. PMID- 6964570 TI - [Comparison of the projection of points A and B on the functional occlusal plane to determine the sagittal relation of the cranial structures using the Wits cephalometric method and the modified arc method: proposal of a method to limit distortion]. PMID- 6964571 TI - [Surgical rehabilitation of pathology in complete edentulousness]. PMID- 6964572 TI - [Use of fluorides]. PMID- 6964573 TI - [Sterility of the root canal in relation to the rubber dam]. PMID- 6964574 TI - [Semiquantitative evaluation of the advantages of stereo-radiography with respect to traditional radiography]. PMID- 6964576 TI - [A review of immunopathology of importance to dentistry (III). Diseases of particular dental importance]. PMID- 6964577 TI - [Epidemiologic study of dental caries in the school age population of Ferrara: correlation between caries, oral hygiene and fluoride prevention (III)]. PMID- 6964575 TI - [Photodensitometry of radiographs in the early diagnosis of periodontal disease]. PMID- 6964578 TI - [The Bernard-Fries technic and the Zisser technic in malignant tumors of the lip]. PMID- 6964579 TI - [Content of mercury in the urine of dentists and their auxiliary personnel. Clinico-statistical study]. PMID- 6964580 TI - [Clinical considerations in oral angioma]. PMID- 6964581 TI - [Mandibular nerve anesthesia. Review of the anatomy, physiology and technic]. PMID- 6964582 TI - [The Akinosi technic. An alternative method for inferior alveolar nerve block]. PMID- 6964583 TI - [Experimental study of the tissue tolerance of endodontic cements with and without paraformaldehyde]. PMID- 6964584 TI - Common surgical fears and needs of our patients. PMID- 6964585 TI - A clinical pathological presentation. PMID- 6964586 TI - The role of calculus attachment in the treatment of periodontal disease. PMID- 6964587 TI - Decision time for dentistry in the UK. PMID- 6964588 TI - Retention of nonpathologic impacted, embedded, or nonfunctioning third molars. PMID- 6964589 TI - A comparison between zinc oxide-eugenol and polycarboxylate cements on formocresol pulpotomies. PMID- 6964591 TI - The effect of fluoride concentrations upon the hydrolysis of dentin and cementum. PMID- 6964590 TI - Cariostatic microcapsules for aerosol delivery. PMID- 6964592 TI - The search for relationships with children and adolescents. PMID- 6964593 TI - Multiple immature teeth in a newborn. PMID- 6964594 TI - 18p- syndrome: craniofacial and dental implications. PMID- 6964595 TI - Hemifacial hypertrophy. PMID- 6964596 TI - The continuous-flow cytochemistry: its applications in the classification of acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemias. PMID- 6964597 TI - [Errors in cementation]. PMID- 6964598 TI - [Reduction of dosage in dental radiography]. PMID- 6964599 TI - [Centric relation: the only constant of occlusion is its variability]. PMID- 6964600 TI - [Permanently elastic synthetic materials based on silicone]. PMID- 6964601 TI - [Relation of the upper first molar to the pyramidal apophysis of the upper maxilla]. PMID- 6964602 TI - [Fibrosarcoma metastatic to the gingiva: presentation of a case]. PMID- 6964603 TI - [Necrotizing sialometaplasia]. PMID- 6964604 TI - [Treatment of lower jaw fractures]. PMID- 6964605 TI - [Morphohistochemical aspects of epithelio-mesenchymal induction in dental organogenesis]. PMID- 6964607 TI - [Gnathophotography. 2]. PMID- 6964606 TI - [Effect of Tamoxifen on sublingual and submaxillary glands in the rat]. PMID- 6964608 TI - [The motto of personalized dentistry. "Serve, to serve"]. PMID- 6964609 TI - [White lesions of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6964610 TI - [Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor. Presentation of a case report]. PMID- 6964611 TI - [Registration of centric relation]. PMID- 6964612 TI - [Subprosthetic stomatitis. Description of a treatment]. PMID- 6964613 TI - [Objectives of primary care]. PMID- 6964614 TI - [Secretion of saliva and salivary electrolytes]. PMID- 6964615 TI - [Consistency of saliva and the dental status among vegetarians]. PMID- 6964616 TI - [Prediction of caries risk - utopia?]. PMID- 6964618 TI - [Why don't patients follow instructions?]. PMID- 6964619 TI - [When should occlusal equilibration be carried out after orthodontic treatment?]. PMID- 6964617 TI - [How patients who fear dental treatment can be helped]. PMID- 6964620 TI - [The dental status among conscripts belonging to the Kronobergs Regiment in 1981]. PMID- 6964621 TI - [Orofacial infection. 3. Bacterial infections, therapy and prophylaxis]. PMID- 6964622 TI - [Orofacial infection. 4. Virus and fungus infections]. PMID- 6964623 TI - [Effect of antimicrobial therapy on plaque and gingivitis in dogs]. PMID- 6964624 TI - [Improvements in radiologic technics demonstrated by 3 research projects]. PMID- 6964625 TI - [Periodontal ligament anesthesia]. PMID- 6964626 TI - [More than half of dentists attend continuing education courses each year]. PMID- 6964627 TI - [Kodak Ektaspeed - a new dental X-ray film]. PMID- 6964628 TI - [How effective is the county orthodontic dental care system]. PMID- 6964629 TI - [Epidemiological research as a basis for planning and delivery of dental care]. PMID- 6964630 TI - [The need for dental care and the subjective impression for one's own dental health]. PMID- 6964631 TI - [Premedication with diazepam in solution (ApozepamR) given rectally during dental treatment of children]. PMID- 6964632 TI - [Premedication with diazepam (StesolidR) during dental treatment of children and adults]. PMID- 6964633 TI - [How well do dental care personnel take care of their own teeth?]. PMID- 6964634 TI - [Caries reduction revolutionizes dental care]. PMID- 6964635 TI - [Mandibular dysfunction in children and in patients with dual bite]. PMID- 6964636 TI - [Patients with chronic facial pain]. PMID- 6964637 TI - [Psychological experts are needed in dental care]. PMID- 6964638 TI - [Chewing tobacco - a dangerous sweetener?]. PMID- 6964639 TI - [The side effects of cough medicine]. PMID- 6964640 TI - [Private dentists demand re-evaluation of the expenses of adult dental care paid by the state]. PMID- 6964641 TI - [Hygienic aspects of dental materials during the production of dental technical works]. PMID- 6964642 TI - [Differences in the sagittal inclination of the upper deciduous incisors in girls and boys]. PMID- 6964643 TI - [Epidemiology of dental caries in the schoolchildren of Brac in correlation to nutrition and dietary status]. PMID- 6964644 TI - [Porosity of phosphate cements in laboratory tests]. PMID- 6964645 TI - [Plaque formation on ceramic restorations]. PMID- 6964647 TI - [Proteins of human parotid saliva of secretory origins]. PMID- 6964646 TI - [The influence of the level of oral hygiene on periodontal tissue status]. PMID- 6964649 TI - Treacher Collins Prize Essay, 1982. Developments in the treatment of cataract. PMID- 6964648 TI - [Endodontic treatment of traumatically exposed pulp in the permanent teeth of children]. PMID- 6964650 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy entry sites. AB - The histological features of vitrectomy entry sites were studied in a group of monkeys following pars plana vitrectomy for experimental posterior penetrating injury. The extent of fibrocellular proliferation and vitreo-retinal complications arising from the vitrectomy wounds were compared to the proliferation from a much larger penetrating trauma site after complete and partial (core) vitrectomies. Although scarring and complications were more severe following core vitrectomy, there was little difference on histological examination between fibrocellular proliferations from the vitrectomy entry sites and from the penetrating wound. PMID- 6964652 TI - Metastatic disease in the pituitary: clinical features. AB - Three cases of metastatic carcinoma to the pituitary gland presenting with local compression, causing field defects and nerve palsies are reported. The literature on secondary tumours in the pituitary is reviewed and the differentiation between benign and metastatic lesions is discussed. The importance of making the diagnosis preoperatively is emphasized. PMID- 6964651 TI - Disciform macular degeneration in young adults. AB - We describe cases of haemorrhagic disciform macular detachment occurring in young adults in association with multifocal disease at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The cause of the original focal lesions is unknown. Our cases demonstrate a variable and unpredictable clinical course in which the disciform response may develop rapidly. PMID- 6964653 TI - Posterior non-vascularized proliferative extraretinopathy and peripheral nodular retinal telangiectasis. AB - Peripheral telangiectatic nodules in the inferotemporal retina were associated with proliferation of posterior fibrocellular epiretinal membranes in seven eyes of five patients. The membranes showed great variation in their extent (localized or widespread), their location (epimacular, paramacular or peripapillary), and their effects (no effect, underlying retinal striation or full-thickness retinal folding). Pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peeling was performed in three eyes. PMID- 6964654 TI - Importance of Tenon's capsule in squint surgery. AB - A procedure for dealing with Tenon's capsule in squint surgery on the horizontal muscles, which preserves intact the relations of the various expansions of Tenon's capsule, distorts and damages them as little as possible and replaces Tenon's capsule as an intact layer over the muscle at the end of surgery is outlined. It depends on adequate fixation and the avoidance of damage to and distortion of Tenon's capsule by the use of muscle hooks to 'fish' for the muscle. It is claimed that this method produces less fibrosis around the muscle post-operatively and allows a better final result. PMID- 6964655 TI - The selection of intraocular lens power by calculation and by reference to the refraction--a clinical study. AB - Two hundred eyes each received a Rayner Binkhorst pupil-supported intraocular lens (IOL) after cataract extraction. One hundred received a standard power +19 D IOL and one hundred received an IOL of power calculated for emmetropia by the formula of R. D. Binkhorst using biometric data. Calculation reduced the incidence of postoperative refractive error greater than the +/- 2 D range from 20 per cent to 1 per cent virtually eliminating significant postoperative refractive error. Consideration of the preoperative refractions and the calculated IOL powers showed that there is no constant or reliable relationship. Twenty nine 'emmetropic' eyes were shown not to be 'normal' eyes but eyes with a wide range of axial lengths whose different optical components summated to give emmetropia. In the selection of IOL power, reference must be made to biometric data to allow for these optical components and for this reason IOL power cannot be determined from the preoperative refraction of the eye. The case for control of postoperative refraction by calculation of IOL power is a strong one and there appears little justification for the use of standard power IOLs with unpredictable refraction results. PMID- 6964656 TI - After 426 Fyoderov lens implantations. AB - This is a review of 426 Fyoderov Mk I lenses inserted by one surgeon following intracapsular cataract extraction. Important complications in the first year are, macular oedema and retinal detachment with bullous keratopathy increasing over the years and frequently associated with previous problems. It is concluded that the ideal intraocular implant is a single plane lens, independent of iris support, without loops and suitable for insertion after extracapsular cataract extraction through a section in the plane of lens insertion. PMID- 6964657 TI - The management of Graves's ophthalmopathy by surgical decompression of the orbit. PMID- 6964658 TI - The medical profile of cataract patients. AB - The purpose of this paper is to highlight the high incidence of significant medical problems in an unselected group of patients undergoing cataract surgery and if possible to decide what medical investigations should be carried out prior to operation. 62.5 per cent of our patients had a significant medical problem and 54.5 per cent were receiving medical treatment. Over 50 per cent had abnormal ECGs and chest X-rays. Confusion was the main complicating factor post operatively and a course of management for these patients is described. Haemoglobin, urea and potassium, a urinalysis, a fasting blood glucose, chest X ray and an ECG are suggested to delineate the medical status of these patients and to reduce the risks of general anaesthesia in this group. PMID- 6964659 TI - Lens implantation: lessons learned from the first million. The Third Rayner Lecture, 1982. AB - Experience gained from over one million intraocular lens implants has emphasized the importance of quality control, correct design and knowledgeable use of materials. Biodegradation of nylon is well known; polypropylene also degrades, but much more slowly; polymethylmethacrylate does not show evidence of biodegradation even, in one specimen for which I have a control, after 23 years. PMID- 6964660 TI - Pupillary fatigue in myasthenia gravis. AB - By shining a narrow beam of light upon the pupillary margin, a sustained oscillation of pupil size or hippus, may be induced; the frequency of which is dependent upon the rate of conduction along the neuronal pathways subserving pupillary function. This manoeuvre has been carried out upon a series of twelve patients with myasthenia gravis, eleven of whom demonstrated a gradual diminution in oscillation frequency. This is compared with twelve control subjects, only one of whom demonstrated a significant decline in oscillation rate. The mean gradients were 0.0 +/- 0.4 cycles/min for the control subjects and -2.4 +/- 0.4 cycles/min for the patients with myasthenia. These gradients differ significantly p less than 0.0001. It is suggested that the pupillary reaction to light may be fatigued by exercising it at its maximum intrinsic rate in patients with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6964661 TI - Phototherapy of psoriasis - clinical aspects and risk evaluation. AB - The study gives information on the healing frequency and time to relapse in a day care centre for UVB, UVB plus dithranol, and PUVA treatment. Psoriasis treatment must be repeated for many years and a psoriasis patient must come to terms with the fact that during a substantial part of the rest of his life, he must use some type of treatment. This makes it important that the treatment is pleasant and easy to carry out. The combination of sauna and UVB in a day care centre, or treatment with home solaria fulfill these demands. In view of this background I think that UVB treatment of psoriasis could be the treatment of choice for many psoriasis patients. About 80 percent of the patients heal with this treatment. For the rest of the patients, addition of dithranol or a switch to PUVA has proven to be effective. Median time to healing was about 8 weeks with UVB and UVB + dithranol whereas 12 weeks was necessary to achieve healing among PUVA patients with a poor response to UVB given earlier. The remission times were 9, 12 and 25 weeks for UVB, UVB + dithranol and PUVA-treatment respectively. In Gothenburg, we give 35.000 UVB treatments annually. An important question is the potential hazards connected with the therapy as we know that UV radiation is carcinogenic. According to our studies, the median amount of UVB radiation actually received per year from therapy is of the same magnitude as during outdoor work or certain outdoor activities. If UVB treatment is expanded we can expect an increased incidence of skin cancer of squamous cell type among this type of psoriasis patient even if the retrospective study we made showed no increased risk among people extensively treated with UVB in the past. The risk for psoriasis patients on a life long UVB treatment will probably be of the same order of magnitude as for outdoor workers. In comparison with other every day risks, the risk of dying from a skin cancer seems to be negligible. Regular check-ups by a dermatologist can reduce this risk close to zero. PMID- 6964662 TI - Relationship between lesion formation and permeability of rat gastric mucosa to H+ and other cations. AB - The relationship between lesion formation and ionic permeability has been investigated in rat gastric mucosa in vivo. Changes in these parameters were measured in the mucosa treated topically with prostaglandins E2 and A2 and/or aspirin. Particular attention was paid to the net flux of H+ ions across the gastric mucosa. The effect of aspirin concentrations of 5 mM, 20 mM and '40 mM' (the latter, a suspension in a saturated solution) was investigated. Aspirin concentrations of 20 mM and '40 mM' produced a marked increase in lesion formation and increased the net mucosal to serosal flux of H+ ions. Aspirin 5 mM produced a significant increase in lesion formation but did not cause a significant change in net H+ ion flux. This result suggests that aspirin can have a direct irritant effect on the gastric mucosa and that the back diffusion of H+ ions is not a pre-requisite for the development of overt mucosal ulceration. The effect of topically applied prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage was investigated. Concentrations of PGE2 of 10(-5) M and 10(-4) M ameliorated aspirin-induced damage, but these changes were not necessarily accompanied by a significant reduction in net H+ ion flux. Again, this result is not consistent with a direct relationship between lesion formation and mucosal permeability to H+ ions. Since PGA2 did not ameliorate aspirin-induced mucosal damage, the protective effect of PGE2 could not be attributed to its conversion to PGA2 in the acidic environment of the gastric lumen. 5 Changes in gastric mucosal potential difference (p.d.) and net fluxes of Na+ and K+ ions may occur without a concomitant change in the permeability of the gastric mucosa to acid back-diffusion. Thus, the assumption cannot be made that a change in the permeability of the gastric mucosa to one particular ion reflects a general increase in ionic permeability. PMID- 6964663 TI - [Comparative study of 3 registration methods of the angle of condylar inclination]. PMID- 6964664 TI - [The chamfered shoulder: a comparative study of surface conditions created by commonly used burs]. PMID- 6964665 TI - [Demonstration of various factors influencing the morphology of the upper surface of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6964666 TI - [Retro-incisal bite planes]. PMID- 6964667 TI - [Maximal intercuspation: clinical examination. Characteristics of maximal intercuspation]. PMID- 6964668 TI - [Maximal cuspidation: numbering of contacts, evaluation of Vichay's wafers]. PMID- 6964669 TI - [Determination of the vertical dimension of occlusion in completely edentulous patients: verification in dentate patients of several proposed technics]. PMID- 6964670 TI - [The contribution of periodontal surgery in preprosthetic surgery: vestibular deepening]. PMID- 6964671 TI - [Anatomo-kinetic localisation of the hinge axis]. PMID- 6964672 TI - [Complementary mathematical information]. PMID- 6964673 TI - [Anterior guidance: differential diagnosis of dysfunctions and parafunctions]. PMID- 6964674 TI - Antagonism between prostaglandin (PG) E1 and PGE2 in bovine coronary arteries. PMID- 6964675 TI - Gingival reattachment on carious tooth surfaces. A 4-year follow-up. AB - This paper reports the healing after 4 years of a flap coronally repositioned over carious lesions on teeth 23 and 24. Four years postoperatively, the gain of clinical gingival attachment was 4 mm for tooth 23 and 3.6 mm for tooth 24. The carious lesions were covered by soft tissue and a gain of clinical gingival attachment was obtained. PMID- 6964676 TI - New attachment following surgical treatment of human periodontal disease. AB - The present experiment was undertaken to test the hypothesis that new connective tissue attachment may form on a previously periodontitis involved root surface provided cells originating from the periodontal ligament are enabled to repopulate the root surface during healing. A mandibular incisor with advanced periodontal disease of long standing (the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest was 9 mm) was subjected to periodontal surgery using a technique which during healing prevented the dentogingival epithelium and the gingival connective tissue from reaching contact with the curetted root surface. Preference was hereby given to the periodontal ligament cells to repopulate the previously diseased root surface. After 3 months of healing a block biopsy containing the incisor and surrounding tissue was sampled. The histological analysis revealed that new cementum with inserting principal fibers had formed on the previously diseased root surface. This new attachment extended in coronal direction to a level 5 mm coronal to the alveolar bone crest. This finding suggests that new attachment can be achieved by cells originating from the periodontal ligament and demonstrates that the concept that the periodontitis affected root surface is a major preventive factor for new attachment is invalid. PMID- 6964677 TI - Association between plaque accumulation and Langerhans cell numbers in the oral epithelium of attached gingiva. AB - After gingival health had been achieved in four subjects they were instructed to cease all oral hygiene measures. At 0, 8 and 21 days Plaque and Gingival Indices were recorded and gingival biopsies were removed from the buccal aspect of a first molar. Frozen sections of the gingival oral epithelium were stained for ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase to determine the number of Langerhans cells in a defined cross-sectional area. It was found that, as plaque accumulated, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of Langerhans cells in oral epithelium, particularly in the stratum spinosum. These results indicate that dental plaque can elicit a response in Langerhans cells located in the oral epithelium of the gingiva. PMID- 6964679 TI - Effects of sugared and sugar-free chewing gum on the accumulation of plaque and debris on the teeth. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sugar-free and sugar containing gums on plaque formation, established plaque and salivary debris. Plaque accumulating during three 5-day periods was recorded in a group of 10 students who, in the absence of normal oral hygiene methods, chewed sugar-free or sugar-containing chewing gum or did not chew gum. In a second group of 10 students the effect of chewing the two types of gum on 3-day accumulations of plaque was recorded. Finally, the wet weight of liquorice debris present in saliva with and without gum chewing, was recorded. During the no chewing periods distinct and significant differences in the amounts of plaque accumulating at different sites were apparent. Both types of chewing gum significantly and comparably reduced plaque accumulation during the 5-day period. The chewing gums also significantly reduced established plaque on many tooth surfaces. Salivary debris was significantly reduced by 50% after chewing gum. It was noted that plaque removal occurred primarily from sites remote from the gingival margin and interdental areas and therefore it was concluded that the observed effects of chewing gum on plaque would not be reflected in a reduction in gingival inflammation. PMID- 6964678 TI - Differential dark field microscopy of subgingival bacteria as an aid in selecting recall intervals: results after 18 months. AB - Differential dark field microscopic examination of subgingival microbial forms has been used to assign customized recall intervals to a population of adults with minimal periodontal disease. Results after 18 months indicate that a substantial proportion of the test subjects remained in good periodontal health despite the absence of regular biannual prophylaxes. One half of these subjects, who had not received a prophylaxis for periods of 15-18 months, did not demonstrate any detectable worsening of their periodontal status. No correlation could be established in this population between proportions of certain microbial forms and susceptibility to gingivitis. PMID- 6964680 TI - [67Gallium scintigraphy of primary lung cancer]. PMID- 6964681 TI - [Medical engineering in emergency medicine]. PMID- 6964683 TI - Survivals exceeding three years in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6964682 TI - Acute myeloblastic leukemia in patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 6964684 TI - Long-term observations of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, treated according to the modified programme of Pinkel. PMID- 6964685 TI - The termination of treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6964686 TI - The evaluation of prognostic use of subclassification of acute lymphoblastic leukemias in children. PMID- 6964687 TI - [Heat lesion technic in the treatment of pain]. PMID- 6964688 TI - [Percutaneous chordotomy in the treatment of pain syndromes caused by malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 6964689 TI - [Hereditary sensory neuropathies with acrodystrophic lesions. Nosographic considerations]. PMID- 6964690 TI - [Evaluation of the repair process after an endodontic treatment of chronic periodontitis]. PMID- 6964691 TI - [Correlation between oral hygiene habits and dental caries levels in Brac schoolchildren]. PMID- 6964692 TI - [Determination of prostglandin activity by radioassay based on the release of 45 Ca in fetal bone and tissue culture]. PMID- 6964694 TI - [Various instruments for the removal of fixed metal restorations]. PMID- 6964695 TI - [Persistence of the moon-type face - reality or illusion - preliminary studies]. PMID- 6964693 TI - [Bacteriological status of root dentin of teeth with infected gangrenous pulps]. PMID- 6964696 TI - [Mercury diffusion from amalgam fillings into tooth tissue]. PMID- 6964697 TI - [Effect of oral contraceptive agents on the periodontium]. PMID- 6964699 TI - [Clinical investigation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of niflumic acid following oral surgery]. PMID- 6964698 TI - [Treatment of external root resorption in injured teeth with unformed apices]. PMID- 6964700 TI - [Skeletal analysis and sagittal occlusal relation in children with deciduous dentitions]. PMID- 6964701 TI - [Vascularization of the lower jaw]. PMID- 6964702 TI - [Fixed prosthodontic aspects of the movement of mandibular lateral teeth]. PMID- 6964703 TI - [Dental hygiene in children during orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 6964704 TI - [Cementoma of mandible - case report]. PMID- 6964706 TI - Gene markers identified in a private laboratory of the city of Puebla, Mexico. AB - We describe the gene markers found during the last 20 years in a private laboratory in the city of Puebla, Mexico. The greater proportion of our experience has to do with abnormal hemoglobins. PMID- 6964705 TI - Effect of laser irradiation and prostaglandin F2 alpha on the production of gastric mucus in human patients. AB - An increase in gastric mucus production was observed after PGF2 alpha administration and low dose argon-laser irradiation in human patients. The effect of PGF2 alpha on functioning of the gastric mucosa is opposite to that of the PGE group. The observed increase in mucus production is a new aspect of the bio stimulatory effect of laser irradiation. PMID- 6964707 TI - [Plaster and plaster models, a biomaterial of choice]. PMID- 6964708 TI - [A psychodynamic concept for understanding disease]. PMID- 6964709 TI - [Biomechanical repair as a principle in endodontics; observation of a group of teeth in vitro]. PMID- 6964710 TI - [Psychosocial development of the child in Latin America]. PMID- 6964711 TI - [The necessity of change in dental services to assure oral health for all]. PMID- 6964712 TI - [Salivary aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity and dental caries]. PMID- 6964713 TI - [Acid biopsy of enamel and the possibility of its use in dental research and clinical practice]. PMID- 6964714 TI - [Necrotic metaplasia of the salivary glands]. PMID- 6964716 TI - [Prevalence of retained and supernumerary teeth]. PMID- 6964715 TI - [Fractures of the upper part of the facial skeleton]. PMID- 6964717 TI - [Results of treatment and prognosis in temporomandibular myoarthropathies]. PMID- 6964718 TI - [Effect of the abnormal shape of the maxillo-mandibular segments on the facial esthetic appearance and comparison of the results by various methods of teleradiological analysis]. PMID- 6964719 TI - [Occlusion assessment in premature babies]. PMID- 6964720 TI - [The difficult problems of modern fluoride prevention of dental caries. 2. Fluoride prevention and fluoride poisoning]. PMID- 6964721 TI - [A microfloral study of pathological gingival pockets]. PMID- 6964722 TI - [Clinical and laboratory assessment of the therapeutic activity of the drug Echinacin-extern in mixed periodontopathies]. PMID- 6964723 TI - [Treatment of recurrent aphthae with nitrogen mustard]. PMID- 6964724 TI - [A case of 7 supernumerary teeth]. PMID- 6964726 TI - Dental education concerns all of us. PMID- 6964725 TI - [Group motivation in oral hygiene for children]. PMID- 6964727 TI - Acute promyelocytic leukaemia - a study of seven cases. PMID- 6964728 TI - [Extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma of the lungs]. PMID- 6964729 TI - Localized gingival denudation, alveolar necrosis and sequestration--a case report. PMID- 6964730 TI - Incisal edge splint - a case report. PMID- 6964731 TI - Combined use of the lateral sliding flap and free gingival graft procedures in treatment of gingival recession. PMID- 6964732 TI - Surgical exposure of third molars: a case report. PMID- 6964733 TI - Localized periodontitis secondary to the treatment of a geminated tooth. PMID- 6964734 TI - Sequestration of interradicular bone as a result of endodontic treatment. PMID- 6964735 TI - Localized periodontal destruction and repair in a pregnant woman. PMID- 6964736 TI - Survey of current therapy. Part I. PMID- 6964737 TI - [Automatic processing of intraoral films]. PMID- 6964738 TI - [Hazards: fumes and gas in the dental laboratory]. PMID- 6964739 TI - [Histopathology of gingival and periodontal lesions]. PMID- 6964740 TI - [Pantography and occlusion. III. Results and conclusions]. PMID- 6964741 TI - [Morphologic study of the mandible in Class II, division 1]. PMID- 6964742 TI - [Frequency of healthy and deciduous teeth in schoolchildren from high and low socioeconomic levels 3-6 years of age in the city of Salvador]. PMID- 6964743 TI - [Prevalence of dental caries in permanent first molars in new students in the rural regim of Grande Florianopolis, St. Catarina]. PMID- 6964744 TI - [Distribution of the superior alveolar nerve in relation to the deciduous teeth]. PMID- 6964745 TI - [Peripheral giant cell granuloma: case report of a 6-year old child]. PMID- 6964746 TI - [Articulated position of pulpectomized teeth]. PMID- 6964747 TI - [Dental hygiene and occupational implications]. PMID- 6964749 TI - [Tooth reimplantation]. PMID- 6964751 TI - [Emergency medication in dentistry]. PMID- 6964750 TI - [Anatomical study of the mental foramen]. PMID- 6964748 TI - [Clinical evaluation of deciduous molars in children of both sexes 7-10 years of age attending schools with and without dental services]. PMID- 6964752 TI - [Time interval of the last dental visit in dental students at the Federal University of Bahia]. PMID- 6964754 TI - [Garre's osteomyelitis - case report]. PMID- 6964753 TI - [Oxygen therapy in minor surgery]. PMID- 6964755 TI - [Neuro-focal dentistry: the basic regulatory system. 3]. PMID- 6964756 TI - [Recommendations on dental care for children]. PMID- 6964757 TI - [Exploratory study of various diseases prevalent in dentists in the city of Cali]. PMID- 6964760 TI - [Melanoma: report of a case in the lower jaw]. PMID- 6964759 TI - [Simplified low cost dental equipment]. PMID- 6964761 TI - [The dentist and basal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 6964758 TI - [The value of the human individual and education in dentistry]. PMID- 6964762 TI - [The incisal third of natural teeth in ceramometal prosthetics with regard to translucency, color and surface texture]. PMID- 6964763 TI - [Palatoplasty (the Friedman technic)]. PMID- 6964764 TI - [Statistics in scientific dental research]. PMID- 6964766 TI - [Cephalometric study of subjects with cleft lip and palate surgically treated at an early age]. PMID- 6964765 TI - [Cephalometric evaluation of vertical dimension in individual Venezuelans]. PMID- 6964767 TI - [Mechanism of the hypotensive effect of prostaglandins A2 and E2]. AB - In anesthetized dogs the intravenous injection of prostaglandins (PGs) A2 and E2 (5-200 micrograms/kg) produced a dose-dependent fall (P less than 0.001) of the blood pressure with blockade of the baroreceptor reflex. The hypotension can increase the heart rate and decrease myocardial contractile force, which is neither prevented by atropine, phentolamine, diphenhydramine, verapamil nor by inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. Intravenous, intraaortic or intraventricular (left) injections evoked an equipotent fall of the arterial pressure. Less decrement is elicited by the intramuscular injection. The gastric route is ineffective. The intracisternal injection of high doses (20-130 micrograms/kg) of prostaglandins A2 or E2 decreases the blood pressure slightly after 5-10 minutes, probably because of prostaglandins transport across the blood brain barrier. The blood pressure increases by stimulation of the sympathetic nerves of the spleen and of the liver, or by exogenous noradrenaline are equally significative before and after the injections of prostaglandins A2 or E2. Indomethacin and aspirin failed to affect the pressor increase produced by stimulation of the sympathetic nerves, or that of the exogenous noradrenaline in the normal dogs or in animals injected previously with PGs. It is concluded that the hypotensive action of the PGs is due to peripheric vasodilatation apparently without inactivation by the lung. PMID- 6964768 TI - Blood groups, serum proteins and enzymes in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 6964770 TI - [Mutual differences between the mucous neck cells and the glandular cells of the pyloric and duodenal glands]. PMID- 6964769 TI - [Distribution and fate of lanthanum in the tissues of rats after administration of lanthanum salt solutions by swabbing the teeth and by stomach tube]. PMID- 6964771 TI - [A trace-back survey of dental attitudes of caries-free children examined in a 3 year period. Questionnaires for the parents]. PMID- 6964772 TI - [Four impacted supernumerary teeth in the median maxillary region]. PMID- 6964773 TI - [A case of lateral cervical cyst]. PMID- 6964774 TI - [A rare case of the mandibular first permanent molar with four roots]. PMID- 6964775 TI - [The effect of sedation with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation in children. III. Changes in internal behavior under infiltration anesthesia with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation]. PMID- 6964777 TI - [A study on the diameter of files]. PMID- 6964776 TI - Reversal of setting expansion of gypsum-bonded investment. Part I: Effects of mixing rate. PMID- 6964778 TI - [Adhesion of agar impression materials and alginate impression materials]. PMID- 6964779 TI - [Setting characteristics of alginate impression materials]. PMID- 6964780 TI - [Determination of sucrose contents in available foods and drinks (II). Determination by sugar analyzer]. PMID- 6964781 TI - [Surface structural changes of 3 types of amalgams immersed in synthetic saliva]. PMID- 6964782 TI - [A simple circuit for spike extraction from the background noise]. PMID- 6964783 TI - [The effect of sedation with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation on children. I. Changes in internal behavior under sedation with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation]. PMID- 6964784 TI - [The effect of sedation with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation on children. II. Changes in external behavior under infiltration anesthesia with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation]. PMID- 6964785 TI - [A morphological study of sexual dimorphism in the human masticatory apparatus]. PMID- 6964786 TI - [Changes in collagen types and their solubility during the development of the bovine dental pulp]. PMID- 6964787 TI - [Reversal of setting expansion of gypsum-bonded investments. Part II: Effect of CaSO4 X 2H2O concentrations]. PMID- 6964789 TI - [Endodontic education and study at the University of California, San Francisco]. PMID- 6964788 TI - [A case of mucoepidermoid tumor in soft and hard palate]. PMID- 6964791 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of salivary gland tumors]. PMID- 6964790 TI - [Indications for tooth extraction in orthodontics. II: In Class II malocclusion]. PMID- 6964792 TI - [Pathogenetic and clinical considerations in a rare case of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor]. PMID- 6964794 TI - [Acquired forms of occlusal abnormalities after loss of supporting zones (treatment, prognosis)]. PMID- 6964793 TI - A genetic study of platelet phenolsulphotransferase activity in normal and schizophrenic twins. AB - In a series of 19 identical and 16 fraternal twin pairs, the activities of the two forms of the enzyme, phenolsulphotransferase, denominated M and P, were investigated in blood platelets. Both were shown to be under a high degree of genetic control. No differences were found between 11 schizophrenic patients from discordant twin pairs, compared with their well cotwins and 12 male and female volunteer twin pairs, for either form of the enzyme. PMID- 6964795 TI - [Characteristic features of mandibular movement records in the horizontal plane in various types of occlusions]. PMID- 6964796 TI - [Masticatory efficiency (preliminary report)]. PMID- 6964797 TI - [Relation between the type of tooth loss and the development of painless and painful forms of functional temporomandibular arthropathies]. PMID- 6964798 TI - [Results of treatment of patients with congenital absence of teeth]. PMID- 6964799 TI - [Mandibular relation and occlusal contact as significant functional criteria for complete dentures]. PMID- 6964801 TI - [The use of peripulpal inlays in the prosthetic treatment of post-traumatic conditions of permanent anterior teeth in children]. PMID- 6964800 TI - [Our method of eye prosthesis preparation]. PMID- 6964802 TI - [The electrolytic properties of dental metal alloys]. PMID- 6964803 TI - [Oligodontia - report of a case]. PMID- 6964804 TI - [Percent composition and analysis of fluoride incorporated in the cementum and dentin of roots of recently extracted permanent molars subjected to conventional polishing and topical application of commercial fluoride products]. PMID- 6964805 TI - [Clinical observations on the use of polyglatin 910 (Polyvicryl) in intra-oral suturing]. PMID- 6964806 TI - [Mucosal grafts in preprosthetic surgery]. PMID- 6964809 TI - [Fluoride gels in the prevention of dento-periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6964810 TI - [Intramandibular mucoepidermoid tumor (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 6964808 TI - [Indications for tooth extraction in orthodontics. III: Disharmony in Class III]. PMID- 6964807 TI - Flow cytometry IV. Proceedings of the IVth International Symposium on Flow Cytometry (Pulse Cytophotometry). Voss, Norway, June 4-8, 1979. PMID- 6964811 TI - [Description and statistical evaluation of the anatomical borders of the root canal system]. PMID- 6964812 TI - [The TMJ in the determination of facial pain: condylar position]. PMID- 6964814 TI - [Congenital malformations of the external ear. Our surgical technic for the correction of the absence of the helical fold]. PMID- 6964815 TI - [Surgical therapy of eyelid lesions]. PMID- 6964816 TI - Constitutive gene expression and restoration of the normal phenotype in malignant cells: a model for the origin and evolution of leukemia. AB - The change from normal to malignant cells involves a sequence of changes including specific chromosome changes. After this sequence, some leukemias can still be induced to revert with a high frequency from a malignant to a non malignant phenotype. Results obtained from the analysis of regulation of growth and differentiation in normal and leukemic myeloid cells, restoration of the normal phenotype by induction of normal differentiation in myeloid leukemia, and the blocks in differentiation defective leukemic cell mutants have been used to propose a general model for the origin and evolution of leukemia. The model states that leukemia originates by changing specific pathways of gene expression required for growth from inducible to constitutive, in cells that can still be induced to differentiate normally by the physiological inducer of differentiation. The malignant, unlike the normal cells, then no longer require the physiological inducer for growth. This changes the requirements for growth and uncouples growth from differentiation. Constitutive expression of other specific pathways of gene expression can uncouple other controls, which then causes blocks in differentiation and the further evolution of leukemia. The existence of specific constitutive pathways of gene expression that uncouple controls in malignant cells, can also explain the origin and evolution of other types of malignancies. PMID- 6964813 TI - [Cleidocranial dysostosis in monozygotic twins: cephalometric outline]. PMID- 6964817 TI - Blast cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia: a model. AB - A model of the evolution of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) as a clonal hemopathy is presented and reviewed in light of the available data on the behavior of leukemic blast-stem cell colonies. The model postulates that determination of a pluripotent stem cell of a leukemic clone occurs abruptly with intermediate stem cell classes being rare. Transformations occurring in committed myelopoietic progenitors are not self-maintaining. Leukemic clones in AML originate by genetic transformation to a lineage independent of myelopoietic differentiation. The biological behavior of AML clones changes with time as a result, in the short term, of environmental changes, and in the long term, of genetic changes. Sensitivity of leukemic blast colonies to adriamycin and Ara-C, although variable from patient to patient, is relatively stable for one clone during a major portion of the course of the disease. PMID- 6964818 TI - New facts and speculations on human myeloid leukemias. AB - The Hl-60 cell line, derived from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia, proliferates continuously in suspension culture and consists predominantly of promyelocytes. These cells can be induced to differentiate to morphologically and functionally mature granulocytes by incubation with a wide variety of compounds, including butyrate and hypoxanthine and polar planar compounds such as dimethylsulfoxide and hexamethylene bisacetamide. However, these compounds are either nonphysiological or induce HL-60 at concentrations that are markedly greater than physiological. We have now found that retinoic acid is the most potent inducer of granulocytic differentiation of HL-60. This compound induces differentiation at concentrations 1/10(3) to 1/10(6) the concentration of other inducers and at concentrations that are physiological. These findings prompted an investigation of the sensitivity to retinoic acid of fresh human myelocytic leukemia cells in primary suspension culture. Of 21 leukemic specimens, only cells from the 2 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia differentiated in response to retinoic acid. Thus, as with HL-60, it appears that retinoic acid specifically induces granulocytic differentiation of leukemic promyelocytes and may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. In addition, our results suggest that retinoic acid may also be involved in the differentiation of certain hematopoietic cells. PMID- 6964819 TI - [Intrinsic viral factors and extrinsic microenvironmental cofactors in the early phases of Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia]. PMID- 6964820 TI - [Effect of alpha interferon on erythroid differentiation of a human leukemia cell line K562 (S)]. PMID- 6964821 TI - [Effects of interferon on the cellular expression and release of Ia antigens: a comparison between human alpha and beta interferons]. PMID- 6964822 TI - [Growth and differentiation of Friend erythroleukemic cells (FLC) in serum-free culture systems]. PMID- 6964823 TI - [Malignancy of Friend erythroleukemic cells in DBA/2 mice correlated with their level of fibronectin sensitivity]. PMID- 6964824 TI - [Effect of concanavalin A on the cellular interaction of abrin and ricin]. PMID- 6964825 TI - [Isotachophoretic analysis of putrescine, cadaverine and agmatine produced in saliva]. PMID- 6964826 TI - [A lateral cephalometric study of the relation between hard tissue and soft tissue - comparing children with adults based on facial plane]. PMID- 6964827 TI - [Consideration of intravenous sedation in children: report of an ineffective case]. PMID- 6964828 TI - [Inhibitory effect of arginine on phenol and indole production from salivary protein]. PMID- 6964829 TI - [Influences of amino acids on the phenol and indole production of salivary microorganisms]. PMID- 6964830 TI - [Relation between the upper and lower cusp tips in the sagittal plane. Studies with a 3- dimensional measurement system]. PMID- 6964831 TI - [On the penetration of diammine silver fluoride into the dentin]. PMID- 6964832 TI - [Ornithine decarboxylating activity of salivary microorganisms]. PMID- 6964833 TI - [A study on the development of palatal form during the deciduous dentition using Moire topography]. PMID- 6964834 TI - [Electromyographic study of the physiological function of periodontal membrane in patients with the Dolder bar joint denture]. PMID- 6964835 TI - [Experimental studies on the levels of lead in the hard tissues of growing rats with protein deficiency]. PMID- 6964836 TI - [Effects of amino acids on the indole production in incubated human whole saliva]. PMID- 6964837 TI - [Inhibitory effect of amino acids on indole degradation by salivary microorganisms]. PMID- 6964838 TI - [Effect of dexamethasone on cultured cells. Observations using scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 6964840 TI - [Electrocapillary curves of human parotid saliva]. PMID- 6964839 TI - [Effect of nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin on the chromosomes of mammalian cells]. PMID- 6964841 TI - [Various fractions of human parotid saliva giving Brdicka's catalytic hydrogen wave in polarography]. PMID- 6964842 TI - [A case of mandibular prognathism with multiple missing teeth corrected by step ostectomy]. PMID- 6964843 TI - [An anomalous case of the musculus extensor indicis found on both hands]. PMID- 6964844 TI - [Color stability of thermo-setting resins for crowns and bridges]. PMID- 6964846 TI - [Resistance and inductance of clam shells at the pi phase angle using a transient half-sine potential]. PMID- 6964845 TI - [On the impedance of clam nacreous and prismatic layers]. PMID- 6964847 TI - [Electric resistance and capacitance of the tooth using a transient applied maximum potential half-sine current]. PMID- 6964848 TI - [Dietary patterns of 3-year-old children with high caries experiences]. PMID- 6964849 TI - [Inhibition of protein synthesis in a cell-free system using a post-mitochondrial supernatant fraction of the rat submandibular gland]. PMID- 6964850 TI - [A case of an abnormal bundle from the anterior margin of the right and left trapezius and an abnormality in the right omohyoid appearance in a cadaver]. PMID- 6964852 TI - [On the fluorometric determination of arginine in human whole saliva]. PMID- 6964851 TI - [A case of the left vertebral artery found as the third branch from the aortic arch]. PMID- 6964853 TI - [Distortion of the indirect working model after pouring the secondary plaster. Studies with a 3-dimensional measurement system]. PMID- 6964854 TI - [A study on the relation between the T.M.J. and the cranio-facial form of normal occlusion using roentgenographic cephalometry]. PMID- 6964855 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a dry socket dressing for postextraction pain]. PMID- 6964856 TI - [Analysis of cell proteins of oral mycoplasmas by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. PMID- 6964857 TI - [Studies on adult fluoride retention after chewing fluoride tablets]. PMID- 6964858 TI - [Polishability of non-precious metals for crowns and bridges]. PMID- 6964860 TI - [Resistance and inductance of clam shells using a half-sine current]. PMID- 6964859 TI - [Effect of antibiotics on phenol and indole production in human saliva]. PMID- 6964861 TI - [Electric resistance, capacitance and inductance of the tooth]. PMID- 6964862 TI - [Basic study on the dynamic changes in erythrocytes irradiated by a ruby-laser]. PMID- 6964863 TI - [Isolation of and amino terminal sequence similarities in basic proline-rich peptides]. PMID- 6964864 TI - [Influence of experimental occlusal interference on the masticatory system]. PMID- 6964865 TI - [Basic studies on an iodine-phenol mixture (J.C.)]. PMID- 6964866 TI - The dental team approach: staff skills and talents are maximized. PMID- 6964867 TI - Endodontic emergency care: simple, sterile, streamlined. PMID- 6964868 TI - Increasing efficiency with effective scheduling. PMID- 6964869 TI - Achieving staff cooperation: point at problems not people. PMID- 6964870 TI - Protection for (and from) the infection-carrying patient. PMID- 6964871 TI - Color-coding means organization. PMID- 6964873 TI - Is there help for sensitive teeth? PMID- 6964872 TI - Boosting your practice: the office public relations. PMID- 6964874 TI - A chair is a chair is a sitting machine. PMID- 6964875 TI - Good dental health from day one. PMID- 6964876 TI - The computer in your future. PMID- 6964879 TI - Keeping your instruments "alive". PMID- 6964877 TI - Profile: "Dental Assisting" executive editor. PMID- 6964878 TI - 17 steps to active job interviewing. PMID- 6964880 TI - Identification by dentition. PMID- 6964881 TI - Cements: the hard facts. PMID- 6964882 TI - Nutrition & the double-meat special sauce Kentucky fried taco. PMID- 6964884 TI - The search for "hidden patients" in your office. PMID- 6964883 TI - Educating patients about dental insurance. PMID- 6964885 TI - Inventory--getting in control. PMID- 6964886 TI - Rapport with your dentist. A personal statement. PMID- 6964887 TI - You are what you think. PMID- 6964888 TI - Is she, or isn't she...wearing braces? PMID- 6964889 TI - Recognizing the chemical abuser. PMID- 6964890 TI - The receptionist: gateway to the office. PMID- 6964891 TI - Unwanted: male dental assistant. PMID- 6964892 TI - Writing your own office handbook. PMID- 6964894 TI - Abstracts of the Third International Symposium on Gut Hormones. Cambridge, U.K., September 14-18, 1980. PMID- 6964893 TI - The earpits-deafness syndrome. Clinical and genetic aspects. AB - Several pedigrees with 19 new cases of the earpits-deafness syndrome (McK +12510) [28] are presented. Mention is made of clinical findings obtained in audiometric and vestibular studies, studies of renal function and configuration and polytomographic studies of the labyrinth, and results of exploratory tympanotomies are discussed. The literature is reviewed and the features found in 138 cases and in our 19 cases are presented. The earpits-deafness syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder in which affected individuals may have sensorineural, conductive or mixed hearing loss, preauricular pits, structural defects of the outer, middle and inner ear, lacrimal duct stenosis, branchial fistulas or cysts of the second branchial arch, and renal anomalies ranging from mild hypoplasia to complete absence. Not all the features of the syndrome are expressed in all carriers of the gene. Pits, branchial clefts and hearing loss are frequently expressed. The incidence of renal malformation is higher, as mentioned earlier in the literature. The poor results of exploratory tympanotomies are discussed. On the basis of personal observations as well as in view of data from the literature it is maintained that the BOR (branchio-oto-renal dysplasia) syndrome [12,30-32] and the BO (branchio-oto dysplasia) syndrome are in fact the same affection. It is also maintained that no separate syndromes can be distinguished on the basis of the type of hearing loss. The present knowledge of the syndrome is summarized in terms of the information available for genetic counselling. PMID- 6964897 TI - Standardized facial photography. PMID- 6964896 TI - Applications of photogrammetry to orthodontics. PMID- 6964895 TI - Functional jaw orthopaedics - does it realize our expectations? PMID- 6964898 TI - Clinical case reports. Extraction of eight teeth. PMID- 6964899 TI - Anaesthesia and glycogen storage diseases. PMID- 6964901 TI - [Osteosarcoma: 2d malignant tumor following treatment with radiotherapy]. AB - The authors report a case of postirradiation osteosarcoma that appeared in a seven year old girl after having received radiation therapy for a soft tissue sarcoma. The latent period between the two malignancies was 5 and a half years and the apparently radiation-induced osteosarcoma developed within the radiation field of the primary tumor. PMID- 6964900 TI - Co-existence of leukaemia and tuberculosis. PMID- 6964902 TI - Hydroxyurea (Biosupressin-BIOGAL) for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. PMID- 6964903 TI - [Late detection of bronchogenic carcinoma]. AB - The retrospective analysis of 1781 patients with bronchogenous carcinoma treated at the Institute of Pulmonary Diseases of the Military Medical Academy within the period 1971-1980 is presented. In 86% cases the disease was discovered according to symptoms because of which the patients had consulted physicians. The time between the onset and the detection of the disease was more than 3 months in the majority of patients and more than 6 months in one third of the patients. In the largest number of patients the disease was detected late when chances for successful intervention were diminished. Only in one third of the patients the disease was localized. Aiming to early detection of bronchogenous carcinoma it is essential to have good knowledge of symptoms both by patients and primary care physicians. PMID- 6964904 TI - [Xanthomatosis in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia]. AB - The clinical findings in 63 patients with xanthomas were analysed. Among them 5 had xanthelasmas and normal lipids. The largest group (37) consisted of females with xanthelasmas and heterozygotic form of hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) type II. In this group HDL cholesterol values (1,5 mmol/l) were normal and ischemic heart disease (IHD) was rare. However, in 14 males HDL values (1,1 mml/l) were low while IHD was common. Cholesterol deposits in the folds of the palm (xanthochtomia striata palmaris), tuberous xanthoma and peripheral artery changes were characteristical findings for all three patients with HLP type III. In patients with HLP type IV and eruptive xanthomas, obesity was common finding (4/4) and disturbed glycoregulation (2/4) and triglyceride values were very high (X = 61,1 mmol/l). PMID- 6964905 TI - [Results of a 5-year study of milk and milk products in the patients' kitchen of the Military Medicine Academy for organochlorine pesticide contamination]. AB - The results of a five-year examination of the pasteurized milk, yogurt, cottage cheese and butter supplies for the patients' kitchen of the MMA for contamination with organochlorine pesticides are presented. The representative samples were analysed every month and the results were expressed as the mean value of the analysed samples for the every year of examination. The obtained values for organochlorine pesticides were recalculated for the contents of milk fat and milk products according to the requirements of the Regulations for the maximum permissible pesticide quantities in foodstuff. With same exceptions, in all the analysed samples of milk and milk products the content of pesticides were within the standard norms the last two years. The decreasing tendency, that is, gradual disappearing of DDT and its metabolites from milk and milk products has been pointed out. PMID- 6964906 TI - [Blast injuries of the ear in military artillerymen]. AB - Hearing impairment was examined in a group of 1073 soldiers artillerymen during regular training of shooting from artillery weapons of different calibers. Immediately after shooting the transient increase of hearing threshold (fatigue) of different degrees was found in 907 (84,25%) of the examined. Contusion and rupture of the eardrum were more commonly found in the right ear which confirmed the "phenomenon of screening". At admission it was found that 22,5% of soldiers suffered from different diseases of the ear, nose and throat while at discharge this percentage was increased for 6,4%. A significantly higher number of blast ear injuries were found in soldiers with positive ORL findings compared to those who had normal findings before shooting. There is no correlation between the caliber of artillery weapons and the degree of hearing impairment. PMID- 6964907 TI - [Study of the mechanism of injuries due to high velocity projectiles]. AB - In the experiments on pigs wounds on the muscle-connective tissues of the thighs were made at 50 meter range by projectiles of military Rifles M 48, M 70, M 16A FAL (the length of the wound canal from 214 to 228 mm), M 91/30 and Dragunov (the length of the wound canal from 160 to 164 mm). The mass of tissue excised at primary surgical debridement was taken as a criterium of the primary devitalization of tissue, the amount of the transferred energy was calculated as well as other parameters of the terminal ballistics. Shooting through the glycerine-soap blocks under the same conditions were parallelly performed. The examinations have shown that the degree of the primary mechanical injury depended on the amount of the transferred energy, which depended not only on the high initial velocity of the bullet but also on the disintegrated, deformed and fragmented bullet after passage through the tissue. The mass of the excised tissue can be a reliable criterium for evaluation of wound severity. There is a good correlation with the volume of the cavity in the soap blocks so that they can be used in experiments as simulant biological media. PMID- 6964908 TI - [Statistical survey of work at the Military Medicine Academy during 1982]. PMID- 6964909 TI - Effect of cooling rate on ordering behavior in a CuPt alloy. PMID- 6964910 TI - Marginal fracture toughness of composite resins. PMID- 6964911 TI - Distortion of a MOD pattern caused by the setting and hygroscopic expansion of the investment in the casting ring. I. Direct observation and dynamic analysis by two-dimensional photoelasticity. PMID- 6964913 TI - Mechanism of anisotropic dimensional changes in wax patterns prepared by the softened wax technique. II. Determination of paraffin crystal size. PMID- 6964912 TI - Distortion of a MOD pattern caused by the setting and hygroscopic expansion of the investment in the casting ring. II. Influence of W/P ratio, pattern position in the ring, and the condition of the asbestos lining. PMID- 6964915 TI - The effect of boric acid on the thermal behavior of cast gypsum. PMID- 6964914 TI - A method for the determination of setting characteristics of elastomeric impression materials. PMID- 6964916 TI - Experimental study on effect of 5-fluorouracil in rat mandibular incisors. PMID- 6964917 TI - Experimental study on mast cells in the healing process of extraction wound in rats. PMID- 6964918 TI - Tissue damage by Actinomyces products. PMID- 6964919 TI - Invasion of Actinomyces and existence of components react with Actinomyces antigen in inflamed gingiva. PMID- 6964920 TI - Local resistance factors in dental plaque. PMID- 6964922 TI - Experimental studies on deformation of elastic rubber impression materials- especially on polyether and polysulfide rubber impression materials. PMID- 6964921 TI - Periodontal disease and resistance factor by secretory IgA. PMID- 6964923 TI - Collagen and glycosaminoglycans in the bovine glomerular basement membrane. PMID- 6964925 TI - [Lateral view cephalometric analysis of male neonatal skulls]. PMID- 6964924 TI - [Analysis of the intermaxillary angle SpP-GoGn in its 2 components, GoGn-Oc and SpP-Oc]. PMID- 6964926 TI - [Solution to an Angle Class II, subdivision II case using a functional splint and a Cervera modeller]. PMID- 6964928 TI - [Therapeutic instructions for Class II malocclusion with directional force following the Tweed school]. PMID- 6964929 TI - [Evaluation of the solubility and disintegration, in water, of casts of regular gypsum, gypsum stone and improved gypsum stone]. PMID- 6964927 TI - [Correction of functional lateral deviation in the deciduous dentition using a layer of soft composite material. Use of the original Pedro Planas method]. PMID- 6964930 TI - Effect of antisepsis of the human alveolar surgical wound on bacterial growth on cotton suture. PMID- 6964931 TI - [A method for measuring inorganic phosphorus in mother's milk]. PMID- 6964932 TI - [Side effects of combined antineoplastic chemotherapy on hemostasis in patients with breast cancer]. PMID- 6964933 TI - [Surface texture of castings of improved gypsum stone taken from elastomeric molds]. PMID- 6964934 TI - [Culture of human chorionic villi]. PMID- 6964936 TI - [Electrochromatographic separation of rare earth metals: lanthanum and cerium (IV)]. PMID- 6964935 TI - [Loss of the enamel and dentin due to the preparation of complete and partial crowns in the anterior teeth. 1]. PMID- 6964937 TI - [Teaching methodology applied to the integrated clinics at the School of Pharmacy and Dentistry in Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo in 1981]. PMID- 6964938 TI - [Linear changes in the setting of regular gypsum, mixed with water and with inorganic salt solutions]. PMID- 6964941 TI - [Solubility and disintegration of gypsum products in saturated aqueous dihydrate solutions]. PMID- 6964939 TI - [Comparative study of dentofacial relations with the soft tissue profile]. PMID- 6964940 TI - [Dimensional changes of an alginate maintained under various environmental conditions]. PMID- 6964942 TI - [Dimensional instability of materials used in the temporary sealing of cavities, in endodontics]. PMID- 6964944 TI - [Various mechanical properties of elastic impression materials]. PMID- 6964943 TI - [Electrochromatographic behavior of various inorganic anions]. PMID- 6964945 TI - [Effect of extracts of Barbatimao seeds on the parotid gland of rats]. PMID- 6964946 TI - [Venezuelan dental literature]. PMID- 6964947 TI - [A multimedia and professional educational project. Health auxiliaries recognize dental assistants]. PMID- 6964948 TI - [Local effects of nasal packing: studies on lesions and regeneration using Rattus norvegicus albinus]. PMID- 6964949 TI - [Relation of the prevalence of dental caries on the mesial surface of 1st permanent molars to the distal surface of 2nd deciduous molars. (Comparative study of children from fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas]. PMID- 6964950 TI - [Effects of maternal inhalation of cigarette smoke on the growth of lingual and submandibular salivary glands in the fetal rat. A morphologic and morphometric study]. PMID- 6964952 TI - [Polymorphism of the crown of the lateral upper permanent incisor in humans]. PMID- 6964951 TI - [Pont's index in white, negro and mulatto adult Brazilians]. PMID- 6964953 TI - [Lamellar nerve endings in the palatal mucosa of guinea pigs. A transmission electron microscopy study]. PMID- 6964955 TI - [Dens in dente: endodontic treatment of a lateral maxillary incisor]. PMID- 6964954 TI - [Influence of unilateral mandibular condylectomy on the shape of the skull and the masticatory muscles in the tufted capuchin (Cebus apella)]. PMID- 6964956 TI - [Reaction of rat subcutaneous connective tissue to camphorated parachlorophenol and aqueous 2% parachlorophenol]. PMID- 6964958 TI - [The use of microsurgery in injuries of the hand]. PMID- 6964957 TI - Modulation of tubulin mRNA levels by interferon in human lymphoblastoid cells. AB - Blot hybridization with labeled tubulin cDNA showed that treatment of Ramos cells, a human cell line of lymphoblastoid origin, with either alpha or beta interferon (IFN) induced a marked increase in the amount of tubulin mRNA sequences. The level of tubulin mRNA sequences increased rapidly after exposure of cells to IFN-alpha and reached a maximum after 1 h of treatment, which was four times the control level. Treatment with IFN-beta induced a maximal increase after 4 h; the amount of tubulin mRNA sequences was seven times higher than the control level. The mRNA extracted from IFN-treated and nontreated cells was translated in vitro in a reticulocyte lysate cell-free system containing [35S]methionine. Electrophoretic analysis of the labeled cell-free products showed an increase in the amount of translatable tubulin mRNA that parallels the time course of induction of tubulin mRNA sequences. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the labeled protein products directed by mRNA indicates that IFN caused a more pronounced increase in the level of alpha-tubulin than beta tubulin mRNA. Treatment with colchicine, which disrupts the cell microtubules, caused a marked decrease in the tubulin mRNA content. Concomitant treatment of the cells with colchicine and IFN abolished the interferon-dependent induction of tubulin mRNA. PMID- 6964959 TI - [In praise of the hand]. PMID- 6964961 TI - Professional relations. PMID- 6964963 TI - Ambulatory hospital dental services. PMID- 6964962 TI - Dental implant training: the two year fellowship at Brookdale. PMID- 6964960 TI - [Place and limits of surgery: development of esthetic concepts]. PMID- 6964965 TI - Evaluation and selection of primary care hospital residencies by applicants. PMID- 6964964 TI - Diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia: incidence and etiology. PMID- 6964966 TI - Fiscal responsibility: the bottom line. PMID- 6964967 TI - Speculation on the future of hospital dental practice. PMID- 6964968 TI - Federal grant support to general practice residency. PMID- 6964970 TI - The anatomy of the medical record for the hospitalized dental patient. PMID- 6964969 TI - Update on Robert Wood Johnson's Hospital sponsored ambulatory dental services program. PMID- 6964971 TI - Quality assurance: ADA perspective. PMID- 6964973 TI - Report on the Council on Hospital and Institutional Dental Services. PMID- 6964974 TI - Evaluation of a hospital dental emergency service. PMID- 6964972 TI - Quality assurance of hospital dental care: the hospital and quality of care. PMID- 6964975 TI - Quality assurance in the hospital environment. PMID- 6964976 TI - Life support training in hospital dental residencies. PMID- 6964977 TI - Special anesthetic techniques and equipment utilized for dental procedures under general anesthesia. PMID- 6964979 TI - General practice residency programs--increasing interest and new challenges. PMID- 6964978 TI - Hospices: a perspective. PMID- 6964981 TI - Including the nurse in oral care. PMID- 6964980 TI - General practice residencies and expanded duty auxiliaries. PMID- 6964982 TI - The role of the dental hygienist in geriatric dentistry. PMID- 6964983 TI - The economic, social and psychological factors associated with aging: an overview. PMID- 6964984 TI - Proposed syllabus for three year residency in oral and maxillofacial surgery. PMID- 6964985 TI - [Continuing education, you and the Colegio de Professionales de la Enfermeria]. PMID- 6964986 TI - [What does the Colegio do?]. PMID- 6964987 TI - [The present and future of antitubercular chemotherapy]. PMID- 6964989 TI - [Change in the philosophy of the Nursing Service of the Dr. Ramon E. Betances Hospital]. PMID- 6964988 TI - [The clinical specialist]. PMID- 6964991 TI - [The nurse and the law]. PMID- 6964990 TI - [Retirement. The new horizon in the life of man]. PMID- 6964992 TI - [Cardiovascular and neurological center. The Centro Medico de Puerto Rico]. PMID- 6964993 TI - Associate degree nursing education: past, present, and future. PMID- 6964994 TI - [Report on the impact of the associate degree nursing program on the health industry]. PMID- 6964995 TI - [Nursing models for the 21st century]. PMID- 6964997 TI - [The contemporary family and its relationship to anxiety in children]. PMID- 6964998 TI - [What the Colegio is doing]. PMID- 6964996 TI - [Nursing for a new century]. PMID- 6964999 TI - [Assessment of the utilization of the graduates of the Associate Degree program of Puerto Rico]. PMID- 6965001 TI - Interpersonal relations in nursing: how to improve them. PMID- 6965000 TI - [Interchange of bioequivalent drugs]. PMID- 6965002 TI - [Magnitude and impact of the use and abuse of drugs in Puerto Rico]. PMID- 6965003 TI - [Nursing for me is ...]. PMID- 6965004 TI - [Influence of the education imparted by the nurse clinician in mental health on families and their attitudes to the mentally ill patient]. PMID- 6965006 TI - [What the Colegio is doing]. PMID- 6965005 TI - An experimental study to measure nursing outcomes utilizing the humanistic approach and the traditional approach of providing nursing care. PMID- 6965007 TI - [Motivation in old age and productivity]. PMID- 6965008 TI - [What the Colegio did in 1982]. PMID- 6965009 TI - [Impact of epilepsy on the person, his family and community]. PMID- 6965010 TI - [Febrile convulsions]. PMID- 6965011 TI - [The adolescent and moral development]. PMID- 6965012 TI - Erosive rheumatoid arthritis co-existing with systemic lupus erythematosus. A report of a case, also showing atlanto-axial subluxation. AB - A 28-year old female is described with a 12-year history of seropositive, erosive rheumatoid arthritis. Subsequently, she developed systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed both serologically and on renal biopsy. As has previously been emphasised, these two diseases occur rarely in the same patient. HLA typing revealed the patient was HLA - B8 positive and that she had inherited this genetic marker from her mother who is Irish, rather than from her West Indian father. The patient has developed marked atlanto-axial subluxation, a feature not noted in six patients previously described as having both diseases. PMID- 6965013 TI - [Corrosion and metal-induced diseases]. PMID- 6965014 TI - [The importance of healthy collagen]. PMID- 6965015 TI - [Mercury: potential danger to the dentist?]. PMID- 6965016 TI - [Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the jaw. Histopathological study and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6965018 TI - [Recurrent ameloblastic fibroma]. PMID- 6965019 TI - [Various considerations on early cancer of the oral mucosa and its diagnostic techniques]. PMID- 6965017 TI - [Gnathology--past and present]. PMID- 6965020 TI - [Creep in amalgams with high copper content]. PMID- 6965021 TI - [Manipulation and resistance in amalgams with high copper content]. PMID- 6965022 TI - [Technic of self-prevention with fluoridated solutions]. PMID- 6965023 TI - [Occurrence of open bite in the Somalian population: etiopathogenetic considerations]. PMID- 6965024 TI - [Intraoral pH telemetry of bacterial plaque]. PMID- 6965025 TI - [Cariogenic and cariostatic potential of food]. PMID- 6965026 TI - [Organization of prevention procedures in professional practice]. PMID- 6965027 TI - HLA-DR typing in 58 cases of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The results of a previous study led us to believe that the association of HLA-DR4 and rheumatoid arthritis could be of particular interest in our region. In this work we typed 58 caucasoid patients in the Marseilles area by microlymphocytotoxicity assay in B-cells. HLA-DR4 was found to be at the same level as that observed by the authors in the 8th Workshop of histocompatibility (1980) (X2:32.36, P less than 0.001) and very high in the seropositive patients (61.5 per cent). No correlation with sex was observed. We again found a low frequency of HLA-DR4 (15.8 per cent) in our controls. PMID- 6965028 TI - Need for research laboratories in university hospitals. PMID- 6965029 TI - Artifact object on Panex film. PMID- 6965030 TI - Multiple impacted and supernumerary teeth in sisters. PMID- 6965031 TI - The importance of Peritol in paediatrics. PMID- 6965033 TI - Guidelines for laboratory prescriptions. PMID- 6965032 TI - [Cytogenetics of preleukemic states]. AB - In about a half of preleukemic states it is possible to find chromosomal aberrations, as three n. degrees 8 chromosomes, a single n. degrees 7 or n. degrees 5 chromosome, or a partial deletion of long arm or n. degrees 5 chromosomes. From a prognostic point of view, the presence of the indicated chromosomal abnormalities show a three times increased risk to suffer leukemia. Several abnormal cell clones may be produced, but generally only one of them has the proliferative capacity to establish an evolutive non-lymphoblastic acute leukemic process. PMID- 6965034 TI - Hearing disturbance and the denture patient. PMID- 6965035 TI - Distinction between normal and leukemic bone marrow by water protons nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times. AB - Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance studies have been carried out on bone marrow of normal human subjects and patients with leukemia: chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It was observed that the proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) value was discriminatory in the normal and leukemic cases with a statistical significance of (p less than 0.01). Ouabain treatment of cells did not show any perceptible change of T1 value when compared with the nontreated cells, indicating that the concomitant cation effluxes do not affect spin-lattice relaxation time. The water contents of normal, leukemic, and ouabain treated cells were in the range 60%-80%. Higher Fe levels were encountered in the normal than the leukemic samples, while levels of Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, and Ni were elevated in the leukemic samples compared with the normals. Despite the T1 differences observed, the multiparameter studies do not uniquely pinpoint factors responsible for the elevation of T1 in the malignant state. PMID- 6965036 TI - Unusual sequelae to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)-like lesions. PMID- 6965037 TI - Predictive value of epidemiologic questioning in hepatitis screening. PMID- 6965038 TI - Hexose to protein ratio changes in rat submandibular-sublingual glands following cobalt 60 irradiation. PMID- 6965040 TI - Electrosurgery in hemophilia: report of case. PMID- 6965039 TI - The correlation between serum digoxin and electrolytes in saliva and erythrocytes in digitalized patients. PMID- 6965041 TI - Proceedings of the American Academy of Oral Medicine. The medical history. Special Committee for Clinical Investigation--report no. 1. PMID- 6965042 TI - Antibiotic therapy in the management of infections in dental patients. PMID- 6965044 TI - [Acute leukemia in children (diagnosis and therapy)]. PMID- 6965043 TI - Humoral immune responses in human loaiasis. AB - Some immunological parameters in three white patients who contracted loaiasis in endemic areas are reported. Microfilariae count in peripheral blood was elevated in one patient, discrete in another while in the third no microfilariae were detected. Serum IgE levels were elevated in two patients and normal in one of them. High eosinophils percentage (greater than 30%) and high titres of specific anti-filarial antibodies were detected in all patients. C3 and C4 levels fell between the normal values and C3PA was low in one patient. No circulating immune complexes were demonstrated. Two patients showed high anticomplementary activity. Our results are in accord with the possibility of a suppression mechanism in immune response in patients with high microfilaremia. Clinical features of loaiasis could be related to a type 1 (reaginic) reaction. PMID- 6965047 TI - A new opportunity for the dental profession. PMID- 6965045 TI - [Results of 2 protocols in the treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia in children, according to prognostic factors]. AB - Children with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) were treated according to two protocols. A group of 65 patients in which prognostic factors were no taken into account were treated with a combination of vincristine, asparaginase and prednisone to induce remission, followed by neuromeningeal prophylaxis with intraraquideal methotrexate and cranial irradiation with 2400 rads, two years maintenance therapy with 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate, and then reinforcing chemotherapy, BCG scarification and injection of irradiated leukemic cell. No relapses were observed in the first 4.5 years. After 7.5 year, general survival was of 60 per 100, with 44 per 100 disease-free. A group of ALL children having a good prognosis were treated as indicated but adding adriamycin during the induction of remission and vindesine during the maintenance period. During the first three years no relapses were seen, and the general survival was 82 per 100, including a high proportion of disease-free children. PMID- 6965048 TI - [Relation between respiration and craniofacial morphogenesis. Therapeutic conclusions concerning orthodontics]. PMID- 6965049 TI - [Maxillary growth after total resection of the nasal septum in orbital hypertelorism]. PMID- 6965050 TI - [Facial dysmorphism due to a growth disorder of the maxillary sinus (clinical examples)]. PMID- 6965051 TI - [The nostril in unilateral cleft lip. Can esthetics and normal breathing be reconciled?]. PMID- 6965053 TI - [Steiner's analysis. A calculation chart and the relative effects of the ANB (asterion-nasion-basion) and pogonion angle on incisor repositioning]. PMID- 6965052 TI - [The palate. Original examination methods. A reference proposal]. PMID- 6965054 TI - [Anatomy of the nasal pyramid determined by dissection]. PMID- 6965055 TI - [Relationship between mouth breathing, the pharyngeal tonsil, the palatal angle and anterior bite]. PMID- 6965056 TI - [Does intermaxillary disjunction increase nose breathing?]. PMID- 6965057 TI - [The dilemma of extractions in cases of Class II, division 1 without maxillodental disharmony in the adult dentition]. PMID- 6965058 TI - [Spot teleradiography]. PMID- 6965059 TI - [Making of a card file for typological research: the difficulties and their solutions]. PMID- 6965061 TI - [Because teleradiography...]. PMID- 6965060 TI - [Cephalometric study of Class-II, division-2 malocclusion at the age of the mixed and permanent dentitions]. PMID- 6965062 TI - [Replacement of the upper central incisor]. PMID- 6965063 TI - [Deglutition]. PMID- 6965064 TI - [Relative position of the upper 1st molar in relation to its osseous base. Its study as a function of age]. PMID- 6965065 TI - [Demonstration of the relationship between the labial relation and intercanine width]. PMID- 6965066 TI - [Treatment objectives and biomechanics]. PMID- 6965067 TI - [Control of the molar in Begg's technic. I. Stage 1]. PMID- 6965068 TI - [Division-2 class. The identification and classification of different clinical variations using J. Delaire's craniofacial architectural and structural analysis- the therapeutic deductions]. PMID- 6965069 TI - [Facial depth of a Class-II population analysed by Coben's method]. PMID- 6965071 TI - [The digastric muscles during mastication and deglutition. Electromyography]. PMID- 6965070 TI - [Facial growth of children wearing a modified Milwaukee brace]. PMID- 6965072 TI - [Application of the methods of modern computation used for the calculation and working out of large metal structures to the verification of research hypotheses concerning mandibular structure]. PMID- 6965073 TI - [Surgical treatment modalities in significant mandibular prognathism associated with maxillary micrognathism]. PMID- 6965074 TI - [Epidemiological aspect of the Angle classes: an assessment]. PMID- 6965075 TI - [An effort at visualizing the treatment objectives in orthodontic cases with associated maxillary osteotomy]. PMID- 6965076 TI - Maternal lymphocyte response to syncytiotrophoblast microvillus preparations in normal first pregnancies. PMID- 6965077 TI - HLA and autism. AB - The authors, along with other investigators, postulate that viruses may be one of the causes of the syndrome of autism. Many diseases, especially those where a viral infection and autoimmunity is suspected, are being studied to determine whether an association with histocompatibility antigens (human leukocyte antigens -HLA) exists. The authors studied HLA in autism to see if a relationship exists. Twenty autistic children and their parents were HLA typed. The control group consisted of 575 potential donors for renal transplantation, 134 healthy subjects, and 48 persons of different families who married into one large family that had been HLA typed. The control subjects were from the same geographical area as the experimental subjects. Subjects were typed by a modification of the microlymphocytotoxicity tests of Terasaki and McCleland (1964). HLA-A2 was increased when compared to geographical controls, chi 2 = 5.020, p less than .05, and when compared to controls from the literature, chi 2 = 3.88, p less than .05. However, when chi 2 is corrected for the number of antigen specificities, significance is lost. No antigen was significantly increased in the mothers. HLA A10 was significantly increased in the fathers, chi 2 = 5.947, p less than .02; however, significance did not remain after correction for the number of antigen specificities. These negative findings do not disprove an association because the numbers are so small. This small sample needs to be enlarged and replicated locally as well as in other geographical areas. PMID- 6965078 TI - Treatment of the severely intruded permanent incisor. PMID- 6965079 TI - Dental attitude change in eleven year old girls. PMID- 6965080 TI - Chemical & physical aspects of four calcium hydroxide containing lining materials. PMID- 6965081 TI - Phagocytosis and arthritis. Proceedings of the Third Bertine Koperberg Conference. May, 14 and 15, 1981, Oosterbeek, The Netherlands. PMID- 6965082 TI - Phagocytes and substrates in the joint. PMID- 6965083 TI - The origin of phagocytic cells in the joint and bone. AB - Studies dealing with the concept of the mononuclear phagocyte system are described, and the origin of synovial type A cells and osteoclasts is discussed in some detail. All of the available evidence indicates that both derive from precursor cells in the bone marrow. It seems justifiable to conclude that monocytes transform into type A synovial cells and fuse to form osteoclasts. PMID- 6965084 TI - Synovial lining cell organization. PMID- 6965085 TI - Significance of cell kinetic studies in experimental allergic arthritis: participation of monocytes in injury and recovery of the inflamed synovial membrane. AB - Experimental allergic arthritis in guinea pig has been investigated as a model of immunosynovitis. The course of synovial injury and recovery is quantitatively estimated by microscopic and autoradiographic evaluation. Using 3-H-thymidine pulse and prelabeling techniques it has been shown, that bone marrow derived monocyte-macrophage cells play a major role in the histopathogenesis of this form of arthritis. Cell kinetic studies during the initiation of experimental synovitis support the hypothesis, that so-called lining cell hyperplasia is predominantly due to infiltration by blood monocytes, which during the stage of recovery contribute to a secondary lining cell layer. The early bone and cartilage erosions are additional lesions, which appear to be dependent on the monocyte-macrophage system. PMID- 6965086 TI - Extracellular stimulation of phagocytes by plasma proteins for optimal intracellular killing of micro-organisms. PMID- 6965088 TI - The hatching enzyme from Xenopus laevis: limited proteolysis of the fertilization envelope. AB - Hatching in the amphibian Xenopus laevis involves release of an embryo-secreted hatching enzyme, a protease, which weakens the envelope surrounding the embryo. The envelope is not totally solubilized, which infers that only selected envelope components are hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The susceptibility of the glycoprotein components composing the envelope to hydrolysis by the hatching enzyme was investigated. Isolated envelopes in various physical states, ie, particulate and solubilized, were treated with the hatching enzyme, and the resulting envelope hydrolysis products were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The susceptibility of the envelope components to proteolysis was not a function of the state of the envelope. The envelope components most susceptible to proteolysis were the 125K and 118K components followed by the 60K and 71-77K components. These components are minor constituents of the envelope. The major constituents, 33K and 40K, were relatively resistant to hydrolysis by the hatching enzyme. From these observations, we infer that the envelope components hydrolyzed are components that link or bind together the major structural elements of the envelope, eg, the 33K and 40K components. Selective destruction of the components required for maintaining the structural integrity of the envelope, eg, the "nuts and bolts" of the structure, permits a weakening of the envelope that allows the embryo to hatch without having to destroy totally (hydrolyze) the envelope. PMID- 6965090 TI - In vitro characteristics of metastatic variant subclones of restricted genetic origin. AB - We have studied several metastatic variant cell lines derived from a common clonal origin and their transformed and untransformed parental cell lines. A number of in vitro characteristics were examined for each tumor line and these properties were correlated with the ability of the tumor cells to form pulmonary nodules in an experimental metastasis assay. Direct correlations with metastatic behavior in the lung colony assay were found to exist with the amount of cell bound Concanavalin A and the procoagulant activities of cell lysates. In vitro parameters that did not correlate with the metastatic phenotype were: population doubling times in culture, saturation density achieved in culture, the number of colony-forming cells shed from confluent cultures, rates of cellular attachment to homotypic or heterotypic cell monolayers, plasminogen-activator production and procoagulant activity produced in serum-free conditioned medium. PMID- 6965089 TI - Spectrin-4.1-actin complex of the human erythrocyte: molecular basis of its ability to bind cytochalasins with high-affinity and to accelerate actin polymerization in vitro. AB - The spectrin-4.1-actin complex isolated from the cytoskeleton of human erythrocyte was found to be similar to muscle F-actin in several aspects: Both the complex and F-actin nucleate cytochalasin-sensitive actin polymerization; both bind dihydrocytochalasin B with similar binding contrasts; both can be depolymerized by DNase I with loss of cytochalasin binding activity. From these results, we conclude that the actin in the complex is in an oligomeric form. However, the presence of spectrin and band 4.1 in the complex not only stabilized the actin in the complex as evidenced by its resistance to depolymerization in low-ionic-strength conditions and to DNase I as compared with F-actin, but also altered the characteristics of the binding site(s) for cytochalasins believed to be located at the "barbed" (polymerizing) end of the oligomeric actin. PMID- 6965091 TI - Neonatal imprinting and hepatic cytochrome P-450. II. Partial purification of a sex-dependent and neonatally imprinted form(s) of cytochrome P-450. AB - A new form of cytochrome P-450 was partially purified from hepatic microsomes of neonatally imprinted rats (adult male and adult male castrated at four weeks of age). This new form of cytochrome P-450 appears to have an apparent molecular weight of approximately 50,000 daltons as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It appears that this form of cytochrome P-450 is either absent or present in low concentrations in cytochrome P-450 preparations isolated from neonatally nonimprinted rats (adult female and adult male castrated at birth). Reconstitution of testosterone hydroxylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities of this partially purified cytochrome P 450 revealed that the presence of testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity, an imprintable microsomal enzyme, was in parallel with the imprinting status of the animals; a significantly higher activity was detected in the neonatally imprinted than that of the nonimprinted animals. This was in contrast to the nonimprintable benzphetamine N-demethylase, testosterone 7 alpha- and 6 beta-hydroxylase activities which exhibited no correlation with the imprinting status of the animals. We have prepared antisera from rabbits using the partially purified cytochrome P-450 preparations from adult male rats as antigens. These antisera inhibited microsomal testosterone 16 alpha- and 7 alpha-hydroxylase activities in a concentration-dependent manner, without impairing 6 beta-hydroxylase activity. These data suggest that the partially purified cytochrome P-450 from adult male rats consists of both imprintable (16 alpha-) and nonimprintable (7 alpha-) testosterone hydroxylase activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6965093 TI - Rates of synthesis and degradation of ribosomal ribonucleic acid during differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Synthesis of ribosomes and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) continued during differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum concurrently with extensive turnover of ribosomes synthesized during both growth and developmental stages. We show here that the rate of synthesis of 26S and 17S ribosomal RNA during differentiation was less than 15% of that in growing cells, and by the time of sorocarp formation only about 25% of the cellular ribosomes had been synthesized during differentiation. Ribosomes synthesized during growth and differentiation were utilized in messenger RNA translation to the same extent; about 50% of each class were on polyribosomes. Ribosome degradation is apparently an all-or-nothing process, since virtually all 80S monosomes present in developing cells could be incorporated into polysomes when growth conditions were restored. By several criteria, ribosomes synthesized during growth and differentiation were functionally indistinguishable. Our data, together with previously published information on changes in the messenger RNA population during differentiation, indicate that synthesis of new ribosomes is not necessary for translation of developmentally regulated messenger RNA. We also establish that the overall rate of messenger RNA synthesis during differentiation is less than 15% of that in growing cells. PMID- 6965092 TI - Starvation phase of Physarum polycephalum: characterization of transfer ribonucleic acid. AB - We have begun a series of studies designed to characterize gene expression during differentiation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. This work concerns the starvation phase of the sporulation sequence and describes some of the quantitative changes which occur in plasmodial constituents during the 3-day starvation period and also describes alterations in the transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) population. The results show that whereas the plasmodial tRNA content decreased by 75% during starvation, concurrent de novo synthesis of tRNA also occurred, and they also show that overall amino acid acceptor activity of the starvation-phase tRNA population did not differ significantly from that found in the growth phase. Of the 19 starvation-phase tRNA families assayed, however, 6 were found to have consistently lower acceptor activities than did their growth phase counterparts. Reverse-phase (RPC-5) chromatographic analysis of five of those families failed to reveal any major differences between growth- and starvation-phase isoacceptors. The data suggest that the depletion and resynthesis of tRNA during the starvation phase results in a quantitative alteration in the composition of the tRNA population and that the alteration is tRNA family and not tRNA isoacceptor specific. PMID- 6965094 TI - Identification and characterization of a third complementation group of emetine resistant Chinese hamster cell mutants. AB - We have isolated emetine-resistant cell lines from Chinese hamster peritoneal fibroblasts and have shown that they represent a third distinct class or complementation group of emetine-resistant mutants, as determined by three different criteria. These mutants, like those belonging to the two other complementation groups we have previously defined, which were isolated from Chinese hamster lung and Chinese hamster ovary cells, have alterations that directly affect the protein biosynthetic machinery. So far, there is absolute cell line specificity with respect to the three complementation groups, in that all the emetine-resistant mutants we have isolated from Chinese hamster lung cells belong to one complementation group, all those we have isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cells belong to a second complementation group, and all those isolated from Chinese hamster peritoneal cells belong to a third complementation group. Thus, in cultured Chinese hamster cells, mutations in at least three different loci, designated emtA, emtB, and emtC, encoding for different components of the protein biosynthetic machinery, can give rise to the emetine-resistant phenotype. PMID- 6965095 TI - Excision of pyrimidine dimers from nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid in ultraviolet irradiated Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - A sensitive endonuclease assay was used to study the fate of pyrimidine dimers introduced by ultraviolet irradiation into the nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Analysis of the frequency of T4 endonuclease V-induced single-strand breaks by alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation showed that strain NC4 (rad+) removed greater than 98% of the dimers induced by irradiation at 40 J/m2 (254 nm) within 215 min after irradiation. HPS104 (radC44), a mutant sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation, removed 91% under these conditions, although at a significantly slower rate than NC4: only 8% were removed during the 10- to 15-min period immediately after irradiation, whereas NC4 excised 64% during this interval. HPS104 thus appears to be deficient in the activity(ies) responsible for rapidly incising ultraviolet irradiated nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid at the sites of pyrimidine dimers. PMID- 6965097 TI - Chinese hamster ovary cells replicate adenovirus deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells infected with adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) produced amounts of viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) equal to that synthesized in permissively infected HeLa cells. However, there was 6,000-fold less virion produced in CHO cells. Since the structural viral polypeptides were not detected by pulse-labeling CHO cells at various times postinfection, the block in virion formation is located between the synthesis of viral DNA and late proteins. Extracts of CHO cells could also function in a recently reported in vitro Ad2 DNA synthesis system which is dependent upon the addition of exogenous Ad2 DNA covalently linked to a 5'-terminal protein (Ikeda et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:5827-5831, 1980). Extracts of infected CHO cytoplasm were able to complement uninfected CHO nuclear extracts to synthesize viral DNA on Ad2 templates. This in vitro replication system has the potential to probe host DNA synthesis requirements as well as viral factors. PMID- 6965096 TI - 55,000-dalton, retrovirus-associated, cell membrane glycoprotein: purification and quantitative measurements of expression in viruses, cells, and tissues. AB - We have purified to homogeneity and characterized a 55,000-dalton rat cell membrane glycoprotein, gp55. This protein was originally identified in preparations of a defective pseudotype of the Kirsten sarcoma virus and shown to be present in several rodent retrovirus particles. The gp55 was purified from this defective virus by concanavalin A and heparin affinity chromatography, as well as by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. Both preparations displayed similar purity and antigenic characteristics. The 125I labeled gp55 was precipitated by antisera against rodent retroviruses, but not by monospecific antisera against purified type C virus structural proteins, thus indicating that gp55 was retrovirus associated, but unrelated to known retrovirus structural proteins. Competition radioimmunoassay with an anti-rat virus serum which recognized rodent group-specific antigens on gp55 indicated: the presence of gp55 antigens in 15 rodent cell lines, but not 10 nonrodent cell lines; no effect of viral infection or cell transformation on the amount of gp55 expressed; up to 100-fold increases in the concentration of the gp55 antigens in nine rodent retroviruses, but not in five nonrodent viruses, as compared to cells; the presence of gp55 in rodent sera, especially of the NZB mouse, where anti-gp55 antibody was also detected; a lymphoid and epithelial tissue distribution of gp55 in rats and mice. Additional competition radioimmunoassays with a broad-reacting antivirus serum also detected the presence of gp55 in nonrodent, mink, and human cells and thus distinguished rat type, rodent group, and interspecies antigenic determinants on gp55. In conclusion, gp55 is a cell membrane glycoprotein associated in high concentration with retroviruses. PMID- 6965099 TI - Bromodeoxyuridine mutagenesis in mammalian cells is related to deoxyribonucleotide pool imbalance. AB - The relationship between bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) mutagenesis in mammalian cells and the effects of BrdUrd on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools was analyzed. It was found that the exposure of Syrian hamster melanoma cells to mutagenic concentrations of BrdUrd resulted in the formation of a large bromodeoxyuridine triphosphate (BrdUTP) pool, which remained at a high level for several days. In contrast, the size of the deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) pool dropped rapidly after the addition of BrdUrd, reached a minimum at about 6 h, and then expanded gradually to nearly its original level over the next 3 days. The addition of lower concentrations of BrdUrd, which had less of a mutagenic effect, resulted in the formation of a smaller BrdUTP pool and a slightly smaller drop in the dCTP pool. When a high concentration of deoxycytidine was added at the same time as a normally mutagenic concentration of BrdUrd, the drop in the dCTP pool was prevented, as was BrdUrd mutagenesis. In all of these experiments, mutagenesis was related to the ratio of BrdUTP to dCTP in the cells. In addition, it was shown that mutagenesis occurred primarily during the first 24 h of BrdUrd exposure, when the BrdUTP/dCTP ratio was at its highest level. It appears that there is a critical ratio of BrdUTP to dCTP that must be attained for high levels of mutagenesis to occur and that the extent of mutagenesis is related to the ratio of the BrdUrd and dCTP pools. PMID- 6965098 TI - Permeabilization of ultraviolet-irradiated Chinese hamster cells with polyethylene glycol and introduction of ultraviolet endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus. AB - Chinese hamster V-79 cells were made permeable by treatment with polyethylene glycol and then incubated with a Micrococcus luteus extract containing ultraviolet-specific endonuclease activity. This treatment introduced nicks in irradiated, but not in unirradiated, deoxyribonucleic acid. The nicks remained open for at least 3 h; there was no loss of endonuclease-sensitive sites, and no excision of dimers as measured by chromatography was detected. In addition, there was no increase in ultraviolet resistance in treated cells. This suggests that the absence of a significant amount of excision repair in rodent cells is due to the lack of both incision and excision capacity. PMID- 6965100 TI - Rapid cell surface appearance of endocytic membrane proteins in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Lactoperoxidase was used to selectively radiolabel endocytic membrane. CHO cells were incubated with enzyme at 37 degrees C for 10 min to permit lactoperoxidase internalization. Radioiodination was done at 4 degrees C. About 90% of the radioiodinated products pelleted at 100,000 X g. From 12 to 15 different electrophoretic species were detected by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. When cells labeled by internalized lactoperoxidase were warmed to 37 degrees C, the incorporated radioactivity was lost in a biphasic manner with an overall t1/2 of approximately 20 h. Upon warming cells to 37 degrees C, the labeled species became sensitive to pronase or trypsin digestion. The increase in protease sensitivity was progressive over a 10- to 20-min period. Maximally 45% of the initially intracellular radiolabel could be released. A digest of exterior radioiodinated cells released 50% of the incorporated radioiodine. These observations strongly suggest a rapid shuttling of approximately 90% of the radioiodinated membrane species initially present within the cell to the cell surface. PMID- 6965101 TI - Effects of mycoplasma contamination on phenotypic expression of mitochondrial mutants in human cells. AB - HeLa cells sensitive to the mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibitors erythromycin (ERY) and chloramphenicol (CAP) and HeLa variants resistant to the effects of these drugs were purposefully infected with drug-sensitive and resistant mycoplasma strains. Mycoplasma hyorhinis and the ERY-resistant strain of Mycoplasma orale, MO-ERYr, did not influence the growth of HeLa and ERY resistant ERY2301 cells in the presence or absence of ERY. M. hyorhinis also did not affect the growth of HeLa and CAP-resistant Cap-2 cells in the presence or absence of CAP. However, both HeLa and Cap-2 cells infected with the CAP resistant strain of M. hyorhinis, MH-CAPr, were more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of CAP. This may be due to the glucose dependence of the cells, which was compromised by the increased utilization of glucose by MH-CAPr in these infected cell cultures. In vitro protein synthesis by isolated mitochondria was significantly altered by mycoplasma infection of the various cell lines. A substantial number of mycoplasmas copurified with the mitochondria, resulting in up to a sevenfold increase in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material. More importantly, the apparent drug sensitivity or resistance of mitochondrial preparations from mycoplasma-infected cells reflected the drug sensitivity or resistance of the contaminating mycoplasmas. These results illustrate the hazards in interpreting mitochondrial protein synthesis data derived from mycoplasma-infected cell lines, particularly putative mitochondrially encoded mutants resistant to inhibitors of mitochondrial protein synthesis. PMID- 6965102 TI - Unusual pattern of ribonucleic acid components in the ribosome of Crithidia fasciculata, a trypanosomatid protozoan. AB - In a previous study from this laboratory, presumptive ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) species were identified in the total cellular RNA directly extracted from intact cells of the trypanosomatid protozoan Crithidia fasciculata (M. W. Gray, Can. J. Biochem. 57:914-926, 1979). The results suggested that the C. fasciculata ribosome might be unusual in containing three novel, low-molecular-weight ribosomal RNA components, designated e, f, and g (apparent chain lengths 240, 195, and 135 nucleotides, respectively), in addition to analogs of eucaryotic 5S (species h) and 5.8S (species i) ribosomal RNAs. In the present study, all of the presumptive ribosomal RNAs were indeed found to be associated with purified C. fasciculata ribosomes, and their localization was investigated in subunits produced under different conditions of ribosome dissociation. When ribosomes were dissociated in a high-potassium (880 mM K+, 12.5 mM Mg2+) medium, species e to i were all found in the large ribosomal subunit, which also contained an additional, transfer RNA-sized component (species j). However, when subunits were prepared in a low-magnesium (60 mM K+, 0.1 mM Mg2+) medium, two of the novel species (e and g) did not remain with the large subunit, but were released, apparently as free RNAs. Control experiments have eliminated the possibility that the small RNAs are generated by quantitative and highly specific (albeit artifactual) ribonuclease cleavage of large ribosomal RNAs during isolation. In terms of RNA composition and dissociation properties, therefore, the ribosome of C. fasciculata is the most "atypical" eucaryotic ribosome yet described. These observations raise interesting questions about the function and evolutionary origin of C. fasciculata ribosomes and about the organization and expression of ribosomal RNA genes in this organism. PMID- 6965104 TI - Linear mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid from the yeast Hansenula mrakii. AB - The mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) from a petite-negative yeast, Hansenula mrakii, was studied. A linear restriction map was constructed with 11 restriction enzymes. The linearity of the genome was confirmed by direct end labeling of the molecule, followed by restriction analysis. The molecular weight of the DNA was found to be 55,000 base pairs. This is the first linear mtDNA found in yeast species. Using specific gene probes obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mtDNA, we have constructed a gene map of H. mrakii mtDNA. The arrangement of genes in this linear genome was very different from the circular mtDNA of other known yeasts. PMID- 6965105 TI - Number and size of human X chromosome fragments transferred to mouse cells by chromosome-mediated gene transfer. AB - Labeled probes of unique-sequence human X chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid, prepared by two different procedures, were used to measure the amount of human X chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid in 12 mouse cell lines expressing human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase after chromosome-mediated gene transfer. The amount of X chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid detected by this procedure ranged from undetectable levels in the three stable transformants and some unstable transformants examined to about 20% of the human X chromosome in two unstable transformants. Reassociation kinetics of the X chromosomal probe with deoxyribonucleic acid from the two unstable transformants containing 15 to 20% of the human X chromosome indicate that a single copy of these sequences is present. In one of these lines, the X chromosomal sequences exist as multiple fragments which were not concordantly segregated when the cells were selected for loss of hprt. PMID- 6965103 TI - Tumor promoters alter the temporal program of adenovirus replication in human cells. AB - In this study we evaluated the effect of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the kinetics of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) replication in human cells. When added at the time of infection, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) accelerated the appearance of an early virus antigen (72,000-molecular-weight [72K] deoxyribonucleic acid-binding protein), the onset of viral deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, and the production of infectious virus. The appearance of an Ad5 specific cytopathic effect (CPE) was also accelerated in infected cultures exposed to TPA, whereas phorbol, 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate and 4-OmeTPA, which are inactive as tumor promoters, were ineffective in inducing this morphological change. The acceleration of the CPE seen in TPA-treated Ad5 infected cells was not caused by TPA induction of the protease plasminogen activator, since the protease inhibitors leupeptin and antipain do not inhibit the earlier onset of this CPE and, in contrast, epidermal growth factor, which induces plasminogen activator in HeLa cells, does not induce an earlier CPE. Evidence for a direct effect of TPA on viral gene expression was obtained by analyzing viral messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) synthesis. TPA accelerated the appearance of mRNA from all major early regions of Ad5, transiently stimulated the accumulation of region III mRNA, and accelerated the appearance of late Ad5 mRNA. Thus, TPA altered the temporal program of Ad5 mRNA production and accelerated the appearance of at least some Ad5-specific polypeptides during lytic infection of human cells. These effects presumably explain the earlier onset of the Ad5-specific CPE in TPA-treated cells and may have relevance to the effects of TPA on viral gene expression in nonpermissive cells carrying integrated viral deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. PMID- 6965109 TI - Enhanced internalization of ricin in nigericin-pretreated Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Biochemical and electron microscopic autoradiographic studies with [125I] ricin have revealed that nigericin-pretreated Chinese hamster ovary cells are more efficient than untreated cells in the internalization of the toxin into the cells. These results suggest that the enhanced rate of internalization of ricin in nigericin-pretreated cells may account for the enhancement of cytotoxicity of ricin in Chinese hamster ovary cells by nigericin. PMID- 6965107 TI - Internalization of ricin in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Internalization of ricin into Chinese hamster ovary cells has been investigated. Combined treatment with galactose and pronase at 0 degrees C resulted in a complete release of surface-bound [125I]ricin into the media. Galactose-pronase resistant cell-bound [125I]ricin represents internalized ricin molecules inside the cells. The internalization process is time, temperature, and concentration dependent. The pH optimum of internalization of ricin is about pH 7. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has revealed that intact ricin molecules are internalized. Neither reduction nor proteolytic processing of ricin is required for the entry of ricin into Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 6965106 TI - Isolation and characterization of dexamethasone-resistant mutants from human lymphoid cell line CEM-C7. AB - Fifty-four independent dexamethasone-resistant clones were isolated from the clonal, glucocorticoid-sensitive human leukemic T-cell line CEM-C7. Resistance to 1 microM dexamethasone was acquired spontaneously at a rate of 2.6 X 10(-5) per cell per generation as determined by fluctuation analysis. After mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), the phenotypic expression time for dexamethasone resistance was determined to be 3 days. Spontaneous acquisition of resistance to 0.1 mM 6-thioguanine appeared to occur at a much slower rate, 1.6 X 10(-6) per cell per generation. However, the expression time after MNNG mutagenesis for this resistant phenotype was greater than 11 days, suggesting that the different rates of acquisition for the two phenotypes measured by fluctuation analysis were the results of the disparate expression times. The mutagens ICR 191 and MNNG were effective in increasing the dexamethasone resistant fraction of cells in mutagenized cultures; ICR 191 produced a 35.6-fold increase, and MNNG produced an 8.5-fold increase. All the spontaneous dexamethasone-resistant clones contained glucocorticoid receptors, usually less than half of the amount found in the parental clone. They are therefore strikingly different from dexamethasone-resistant clones derived from the mouse cell lines S49 and W7. Dexamethasone-resistant clones isolated after mutagenesis of CEM-C7 contained, on the average, lower concentrations of receptor than did those isolated spontaneously, and one clone contained no detectable receptor. These results are consistent with a mutational origin for dexamethasone resistance in these human cells at a haploid or functionally hemizygous locus. They also suggest that this is a useful system for mutation assay. PMID- 6965111 TI - Childhood convulsions. PMID- 6965108 TI - Enhancement of cytotoxicities of ricin and Pseudomonas toxin in Chinese hamster ovary cells by nigericin. AB - Nigericin and monensin, ionophores for Na+ and K+, have been found to enhance the cytotoxicities of abrin, ricin, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. They do not affect the cytotoxicity of diphtheria toxin in the same cell line. Maximal sensitization of the CHO cells toward ricin and Pseudomonas toxin requires preculture of CHO cells in the presence of nigericin. Inhibition of protein synthesis in CHO cells by ricin or Pseudomonas toxin is also enhanced by preculture of CHO cells in the presence of nigericin. These results suggest a common step in the intoxication process of ricin and Pseudomonas toxin, the rate of which is facilitated by pretreatment with nigericin. This step is, however, not shared by the intoxication of CHO cells with diphtheria toxin. PMID- 6965112 TI - Holding children for examination. PMID- 6965110 TI - Mutator genes of baby hamster kidney cells. AB - Two mutator genes of mammalian cells were demonstrated. One was associated with the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and the other was associated with an extreme adenosine sensitivity. PMID- 6965114 TI - Through a child's eyes--the problems of communicating with sick children. PMID- 6965113 TI - Fatal illness--how does the family cope? PMID- 6965115 TI - Alternatives to hospital care. PMID- 6965116 TI - Stella a baby with multiple problems. PMID- 6965117 TI - Adoption for older children. PMID- 6965118 TI - Childhood. Introduction. Partnership in paediatrics. PMID- 6965119 TI - Caring for the child with eczema. PMID- 6965120 TI - Infestation. PMID- 6965121 TI - Accidents in the home. PMID- 6965122 TI - Thermal injury in children. PMID- 6965123 TI - Adolescents and health care. PMID- 6965124 TI - Psychosomatic illness. PMID- 6965125 TI - Conduct disorders. PMID- 6965127 TI - An adolescent ward. PMID- 6965126 TI - School in hospital. PMID- 6965128 TI - Accidents can happen. PMID- 6965130 TI - Careers in nursing: paediatrics. PMID- 6965129 TI - The adolescent in hospital. PMID- 6965131 TI - Cleft lip. PMID- 6965132 TI - Cleft lip and cosmetic surgery, a personal account. PMID- 6965133 TI - Adulthood and aging. Introduction. PMID- 6965134 TI - Ageing. PMID- 6965135 TI - The need to work. PMID- 6965136 TI - The young adult and work. PMID- 6965137 TI - Effects of ageing on work performance. PMID- 6965138 TI - When you retire. PMID- 6965139 TI - Family care of elderly people. PMID- 6965140 TI - Patients' aids. PMID- 6965142 TI - Local authority accommodation. PMID- 6965143 TI - Maintaining the elderly mentally frail in the community. PMID- 6965141 TI - A new nursing aid. PMID- 6965144 TI - Hospital care of the elderly. PMID- 6965145 TI - Iatrogenic disease. PMID- 6965146 TI - Drug administration and the nurse. PMID- 6965148 TI - Sensory changes in old age. PMID- 6965147 TI - Careers in nursing: care of the elderly. PMID- 6965149 TI - Skin: introduction. PMID- 6965150 TI - Skin problems in the community. PMID- 6965151 TI - The management of psoriasis. PMID- 6965152 TI - Management of burns. PMID- 6965153 TI - Skin disease in children. PMID- 6965156 TI - The handicap of skin disease. PMID- 6965154 TI - Skin disorders. PMID- 6965155 TI - Pressure sores and their prevention. PMID- 6965157 TI - Living with psoriasis. PMID- 6965158 TI - Careers in nursing: burns nursing. PMID- 6965161 TI - A preliminary study of thermoluminescent phosphors as dosimeters for microwave radiation. PMID- 6965159 TI - Skin and hypersensitivity. PMID- 6965160 TI - Photoluminescent thermometry based on europium-activated calcium sulphide. AB - A photoluminescent thermometer, based on the transient emission response of a europium-activated calcium sulphide phosphor, is described in detail. This optical thermometry system has special advantages for temperature measurements in microwave and RF fields and potential application in electromagnetically induced clinical hyperthermia. A laboratory system has been constructed which utilises a fibreoptic probe with external diameter 0.8 mm. A system temperature resolution of 0.1 degree C has been achieved in the range 37-47 degrees C. PMID- 6965162 TI - Comparison of the fast-neutron sensitivity of a Geiger-Muller counter using different techniques. AB - The sensitivity of an energy-compensated Geiger-Muller counter to neutrons with approximate energies of 0.6, 5 and 15 MeV, relative to its sensitivity to gamma rays (kU-value), has been determined at different centres in Europe. The time-of flight, angular difference, associated-particle coincidence and lead filtration technique have been compared, using the same Geiger-Muller counter. For 15 MeV neutrons, a consistent kU-value of 1.9% was obtained. For the lower neutron energies, lower kU values were observed with reasonable agreement. PMID- 6965163 TI - What's new in the management of snakebite. PMID- 6965164 TI - Tissue necrosis in snakebite. PMID- 6965165 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: a case report. PMID- 6965166 TI - Quality of life and terminal illness. PMID- 6965167 TI - Time of death considerations. PMID- 6965170 TI - Saccadic eye movements in frontal lesion and posthemispherectomy in humans. An electro-oculographic study. AB - This study was concerned with the assumed role that the frontal eye fields could play in the mechanisms of: the voluntary saccade optokinetic responses. Ten patients with frontal lobe tumors (8 unilateral, 2 bilateral) and two patients with a right hemispherectomy were studied. EOG and EEG were performed in the same session. Left and right voluntary saccadic potentials could be recorded in all cases, no matter where the frontal lesion was located. Minor differences in amplitude were observed between the fast eye movement to the lesion and to the normal side. Horizontal optokinetic responses to a moving drum were a constant finding in all cases. The frequency and amplitude of the fast component of the responses did not show substantial differences with the drum moving to the lesion or to the healthy side. Voluntary saccadic eye movements to the left and left horizontal optokinetic responses to a moving drum to the right, were recorded in the two cases with a right hemispherectomy. The hypothesis that considers frontal eye field as the pulse generator area for the voluntary or reflex saccadic eye movements is discussed. PMID- 6965168 TI - [Electro-clinical and developmental forms of epilepsy as a function of their appearance at different ages of life]. AB - The authors review the different electroclinical varieties and the evolution of epilepsy that appear in the six principal age groups: newborn, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adult and aged. The aim of this study is to answer the following questions: on one hand to find out if there exists in newborn, infant or young child, a form of epilepsy entirely functional, dependent on a constitutional epileptic predisposition transmitted on a genetic basis, which correspond to the primary generalized epilepsy of the other age groups. If that is so, to find out this mode of expression. On the other hand, to confirm whether the proportion of primary generalized epilepsy varies according to the different ages of life, revealing a chance in the predisposition during life. The authors propose the following answers to the above-mentioned questions: there exists at birth a principally, functional form of epilepsy in relation to a constitutional predisposition. The usual electroclinical criteria are not applicable in this age group due to brain immadurity, so it is not possible to identify this variety. The progressive development of the brain in the infant and young child permits the clinical and electrical individualization of generalized fits as distinct from Petit or Gran Mal. These facts make it possible to confirm the existence of a principally functional epilepsy which corresponds to the primary generalized epilepsy of the adolescent and older child. The epileptic predisposition, principal factor responsible for primary generalized epilepsy, varies considerably during life. The authors presume that its incidence differs in each age group. Based on the frequency of hyperthermic fits in the infant and young child, the predisposition should be important in this age group, although the actual proportion of primary generalized epilepsy is difficult to quantify. In the older child it is possible to admit that the epileptic predisposition is greater because primary generalized epilepsy represents more than a third of the types of fits observed. This tendence is even greater in adolescence, where this form of epilepsy represents over three quarters of the patients. In the adult and aged patients, the epileptic tendency diminishes progressively, as can be seen comparing the proportion of primary forms of epilepsy with other types (25% young adult, 9% mature adult and 1% in the aged).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6965171 TI - Spongy degeneration of the nervous system associated with propionic acidemia. AB - The pathologic changes in the brain of a five and a half month old male child who died of propionic acidemia are presented. Although previous pathologic reports of this disorder describe either no involvement of the central nervous system or focal myelin sheath vacuolization, the present case exhibited different pathology, namely, spongy degeneration of the white matter of Van Bogaert and Bertrand's type. Thus this case illustrates that the pathologic changes in the brain in propionic acidemia are variable. In addition, the cerebellum in this patient showed marked diffuse atrophy and early loss of the external granular layer, two changes that have not been emphasized by previous authors. PMID- 6965169 TI - [Intracranial melanomas]. AB - Brief survey of the present knowledges concerning the melanocyte, its localization in the CNS and its transformation in melanoma. Through a catamnestic study of patients with intracranial melanoma the symptomatology and evolution of these patients is analyzed. It is stressed the importance of the early recognition of this mortal disease. PMID- 6965172 TI - Prognosis of epilepsy. Remission of seizures and relapse in 808 adult patients. AB - In a retrospective study of 808 adult epileptic patients undertaken at the Neurological Institute of Montevideo, Uruguay, the rate of remission of seizures (three seizure-free years) was 32%, and that of relapse 39%. Remission occurred mostly during the first years after onset, and relapse during the first years after remission. Patients with generalized or partial seizures alone had a better prognosis than when both types coexisted. Patients with Petit Mal absences persisting after 14 years of age, had the lowest rate of remission. Mental status, abnormal neurological examination and age of onset showed no significant prognosis value. Remission and relapse was similar in cryptogenetic and symptomatic epilepsy. Genetic predisposition did not change the prognosis. Withdrawal of drugs after a minimal seizure-free period of three years produced a higher rate of relapse than when medication was continued. In the first EEG, only the existence of a slow background rhythm had an unfavorable prognosis. These results are compared with those of other series. It is concluded that the differing results can be attributed to a different selection of population and different methods of study. Anyway, several factors showed a similar influence on prognosis in the different series. As to indication for method of drug withdrawal after remission, and its influence on relapse, no definite conclusion can be drawn and a large, multicentric, methodical study on this topic is suggested. PMID- 6965173 TI - Charcot-Marie-Tooth's disease with severe trophic and sensory disorders. Study of a case following along a half a century with anatomical studies. AB - Plantar ulcers of neurological origin are known to be associated with several disorders, some of which may be familial. We present the case report together with the clinical and post-mortem data of a patient with peroneal muscular atrophy of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth type and plantar ulcers as a prominent feature. At least three other members of her family had Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The family pedigree is included. The discussion stresses the difference between patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with associated manifestations, bony destruction of the feet and plantar ulcers and patients with hereditary motor and hereditary sensory radicular neuropathies. PMID- 6965174 TI - [Surgical treatment of giant cerebral arteriovenous malformations]. AB - Despite advances in the surgical management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), giant (AVMs (greater than 5 cm] are still considered unsuitable for direct surgical resection by most neurosurgeons. Some of the lesions are being treated with embolization, or embolization followed by surgical excision. Embolization alone is not curative and carries potential risks of neurological deficit as well involves multiple procedures. Fourteen patients with giant AVMs underwent surgical resection without prior embolization. Four of the AVMs were located primarily in the frontal lobe, two in the temporal lobe, one each in the parietal and occipital lobes, while six AVMs were localized to two lobes (temporal-occipital or parietal-occipital). Four patients had associated aneurysms with the arteriovenous malformation. Eight patients presented primarily with seizures. One of these had multiple subarachnoid hemorrhages while another had symptoms suggestive of transient vertebrobasilar ischemia. Two patients had one or more subarachnoid hemorrhages. The primary complaint in the remaining four patients was headache with other associated symptoms. The patients with AVMs involving the optic radiation have had varying degrees of visual field deficit not interfering with their function. There were no deaths and only three patients had deterioration of neurological function. One of these three had an intra cerebral hemorrhage secondary to an associated aneurysm rupture. We feel that the majority of these giant AVMs are amenable to direct surgical excision. It is difficult to asses, from the literature, the benefit of embolization prior to surgical excision in cases of giant AVMs. At least in one report dealing with combined treatment of seven giant AVMs, some authors stressed that preoperative embolization did not significantly alter the blood flow and, hence, potential of bleeding at the time of operation. Blood loss has not been a significant problem in our experience. When there is an associated aneurysm, it should be treated prior to or at the time of excision of the malformation. PMID- 6965175 TI - Structured group treatment of couples experiencing sexual dysfunctions. AB - This paper describes a structured, time-limited method for treating couples in which both people are experiencing sexual dysfunctions. In our previous research, we found that group treatment was as effective as single-couple treatment for treating men experiencing premature ejaculation and women experiencing secondary orgasmic dysfunction. In this article we have described our procedures for evaluating and selecting group participants, our 12-week structured group treatment format, the group process, common problems and resistances, and our methods for assessing treatment outcome. Our structured group treatment approach is a cost efficient and effective method for treating the many couples experiencing sexual dysfunctions. PMID- 6965176 TI - Cognitive family therapy. AB - Cognitive family therapy is a new short-term psychotherapy which facilitates self disclosure. The paper defines self-disclosure and differentiates cognitive self disclosure from self-exposure and emotional self-disclosure. The relationship of cognitive self-disclosure in facilitating marital intimacy is developed. A case history is presented which describes the therapeutic process and suggests possible future research to understand what constitutes the specific change process in Cognitive family therapy. Data from an uncontrolled outcome study involving eleven families is discussed. Results from objective self-report tests given prior to treatment and at follow-up are examined, with the outcome suggesting that cognitive family therapy merits further evaluation. PMID- 6965177 TI - Sexual unresponsiveness and orgastic dysfunction: an empirical comparison. AB - Testing a hypothesis made by Kaplan, the study investigates empirical differences between women diagnosed as "sexually unresponsive" (N = 50) vs. "orgastically dysfunctional" (N = 55). Treatment was carried out in the form of couples' therapy. The two groups show significant differences with regard to occupation (sexually unresponsive women are more frequently housewives), sexual behaviour (sexually unresponsive women have a more restricted sexual life), self-perception (sexually unresponsive women describe themselves as more timid, reserved and inhibited), and sexual attitude (sexually unresponsive women are more restrictive). Therapy success and one-year follow-up show no differences between the two groups. PMID- 6965178 TI - The relative impacts of vertical and integrated FP/MCH programs in rural Nepal. AB - The objectives of this analysis were to assess the probable impacts of vertical and integrated FP/MCH programs on family planning (knowledge, use, and intentions to use), family size preferences, fertility, and mortality (child and infant). The following discussion summarizes and draws conclusions regarding the results of this investigation. The vertical program showed a greater impact on knowledge of family planning than the integrated program. Increases in knowledge between 1975 and 1978 while controlling for social and demographic variables were greater in the vertical than the integrated areas. Multiple classification analysis at both household and village levels showed that the vertical program was a better predictor of knowledge and changes in knowledge than the integrated program. In addition, the vertical program showed consistently higher proportions of women with awareness of family planning among those segments of the population that could have the greatest impact on fertility reduction in the future--namely, the younger women who are either childless or just beginning their childbearing and those with husbands who have little or no education. Neither the vertical nor the integrated FP/MCH program showed an impact on current use or ever use of family planning. The very low levels and changes in levels of these factors between the programs showed almost no difference throughout the selected demographic and socioeconomic groups. In both program areas the proportions of ever use and current use increased substantially with the number of living sons, exceeding 14 percent and 10 percent, respectively, among women with three or more sons. There were virtually no family planning users or ever users among women with no sons. This appears to indicate that "son preference" (documented in the Nepal Fertility Survey) is an important factor affecting the incidence of family planning practice and may be a formidable obstacle to a substantial reduction in fertility. Family limitation generally may not be taken seriously until a couple has produced the desired number of sons. Hence, until the value of sons (perhaps as sources of labor, financial support and security in old age, and as performers of funeral rites for fathers) can be altered it is unlikely that a reduction in fertility beyond certain levels could occur. The vertical program showed a slightly greater impact on future intentions to use family planning than the integrated program.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6965179 TI - Sterilization acceptance in China. PMID- 6965180 TI - The effect of breastfeeding supplements on the return of fertility. PMID- 6965181 TI - A reexamination of integrated population activities. AB - The term integrated population activities came into style at the World Population Conference at Bucharest in 1974, where it was used to refer to national planning that recognizes the integral role of population in development, the use of socioeconomic change to solve a nation's population problem, or the implementation of population activities along with health or agricultural projects. In this paper, Laurel Files calls for a more precise definition of the word integrated and the use of different terminology for other types of coordinating activities. She argues that integrated is meaningful only when it refers to planning or implementation of population activities by several ministries, or to the combination of population activities with related services. Beyond restricting the definition, Files calls into question the habit of appending integrated onto population activities as a kind of halo. "Unintegrated" family planning does not deserve a pejorative connotation, for in some situations it may be more effective than integrated family planning. PMID- 6965183 TI - Oral rehydration therapy: an assessment of mortality effects in rural Egypt. PMID- 6965182 TI - Breastfeeding in Thailand: data from the 1981 Contraceptive Prevalence Survey. PMID- 6965184 TI - Hormonal contraception for men: acceptability and effects on sexuality. World Health Organization Task Force on Psychosocial Research in Family Planning, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. PMID- 6965185 TI - Effect of supply source on oral contraceptive use in Mexico. PMID- 6965186 TI - Induced abortion in Belgium: clinical experience and psychosocial observations. AB - Abortion is illegal in Belgium, despite the pressure of public opinion, the feminist movement, and the numerous motions for liberalization presented to Parliament since 1971. Nevertheless, some hospitals and an association of outpatient clinics have practiced abortions openly since 1973. This study examines the socioeconomic and medical data of some 3,800 women who asked for an abortion in 1979, covering income, level of education, profession, religion, family structures, and personal relationships of the women and their partners. The women's reasons for seeking abortion are listed and their attitudes toward abortion and contraception are examined. Information on medical practice, stage of pregnancy, parity, and attendance at a routine follow-up visit is also given. The conclusion focuses on the probable benefits for women's well-being of a liberalization of the abortion laws. PMID- 6965187 TI - Contraception and community in Egypt: a preliminary evaluation of the population/development mix. AB - Egypt's Population and Development Program (PDP) is an effort to combine family planning and development approaches at the grass roots level. Introduced as a pilot project in the late 1970s, it is now active in nearly three quarters of Egypt's villages. A 1980 Contraceptive Prevalence Survey of over 5,000 rural women stratified 124 villages according to their exposure to the program (from zero to two or more years). Comparison of women living in villages of varying exposure revealed no differences in fertility; but modest differences in knowledge, attitudes, and contraceptive practice were apparent, especially in Upper Egypt. A multivariate analysis with socioeconomic and demographic controls did not weaken these relationships. Moreover, program effects were most marked among those most in need of services--noncontracepting fecund women who were illiterate. PMID- 6965188 TI - Repeat abortion in the United States: new insights. AB - The increasing numbers and proportions of repeat abortions in the United States, including higher order repeat abortions, can be adequately explained by the increasing numbers of women at risk and the heterogeneity of the population in regard to the need for and utilization of abortion services. The same factors, rather than a deterioration of contraceptive practice following abortion, explain the higher levels of repeat abortion rates compared with first abortion rates. PMID- 6965189 TI - The contribution of the cruciate ligaments to the load-displacement characteristics of the human knee joint. AB - Human knee specimens were subjected to anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, varus valgus, and torsional displacement tests. Loads were recorded for the intact joint and for the joint with all soft tissues cut except for the cruciate ligaments. The effect of condylar interference was determined for anterior posterior, medial-lateral, and torsional displacements. The variation in load with flexion angle was considerable for medial-lateral (0-90-deg flexion) displacements, and less for varus-valgus (0-45-deg flexion) displacements. The cruciates were found to carry almost the entire anterior-posterior load; they carried a significant percentage of the medial-lateral load which varied considerably with flexion angle. A small, but not insignificant percentage of the varus-valgus load was carried by the cruciates and the variations with flexion angle were small. In torsion, the cruciates resisted only internal rotation. In the tested displacement ranges, condylar interference had a small effect on the medial-lateral load but did not affect anterior-posterior or torsional loads. PMID- 6965190 TI - Construction of molds of complex arterial segments. AB - Molds of arterial segments would be advantageous for in-vitro assessments of arterial flow dynamics. Previous techniques have been limited because of their technical difficulty or because they were limited to short planar segments. This paper presents a method, based on the lost wax technique, that is readily accomplished, and permits the fabrication of a mold of any arterial bed, irrespective of its complexity. PMID- 6965191 TI - Devolution of inhomogeneities in bone structure--predictions of adaptive elasticity theory. AB - In this paper we consider an initially inhomogeneous adaptive elastic body subjected to a steady homogeneous stress state. The adaptive elastic body, which is a model for living bone tissue, is inhomogeneous in both its anisotropic elastic properties and its density. The principal result of the paper is the determination of the devolution of the initially inhomogeneous body to a homogeneous body under the influence of the steady homogeneous stress state. A cylindrical body that is inhomogeneous along the axis of the cylinder, but homogeneous in each transverse plane of the cylinder, is used as an example. This cylindrical body is loaded by a steady uniform stress directed along the cylindrical axis. The temporal devolution of an inhomogeneity in the initial shape of a sine wave is illustrated. As time progresses the amplitude of the sine wave decreases, rapidly at first and then more slowly. As time becomes very large the sine wave becomes a straight line signifying that the cylinder has become homogeneous. PMID- 6965192 TI - Force systems from orthodontic appliances: an analytical and experimental comparison. AB - Experimental data is compared with the simulated displacements from a computer program for the clinical activations of two separate orthodontic appliances undergoing a total of four separate loading conditions. Good agreement is shown over the entire range of activation. Suggestions for future strengthening of both the analytical and the experimental methods are given. An interactive design graphics system is shown to be imminently available to the research orthodontist. PMID- 6965194 TI - A technique for kinematic modeling of anatomical joints. AB - This paper describes a general technique for fitting a spatial kinematic model to an in-vivo anatomical joint under typical physiological loading conditions. The method employs a nonlinear least squares algorithm to minimize the aggregate deviation between postulated model motion and experimentally measured anatomical joint motion over multiple joint positions. Estimation of the parameters of a universal joint with skew-oblique revolutes to best reproduce wrist motion was used as an example. Experimental motion data from the right wrists of five subjects were analyzed. The technique performed very well and produced repeatable results consistent with previous biomechanical wrist findings. PMID- 6965193 TI - Electrogoniometer for the measurement of human elbow joint rotation. AB - Since the electrogoniometric method has been justified for the measurement of lower extremity joint motion, a similar device is developed for the measurement of elbow joint and forearm rotations. In this design, the axis of forearm rotation coincides with the anatomical axis which eliminates the cross talk existing in the regular triaxial goniometer. Although the axis of abduction adduction is still offset from the elbow joint, special linkage arrangement was used to obtain equivalent motion. Experimental method was used to validate the accuracy of the device and model simulation was performed to emphasize the importance of accurate placement of the instrument on test subjects. Application of the present apparatus to normal subjects was studied to illustrate the range of elbow motion required in performing normal activities of daily living. This device is currently used in the functional evaluation of patients with elbow and forearm problems. PMID- 6965195 TI - A viscoelastic model for use in predicting arterial pulse waves. AB - In nonlinear mathematical models of the arterial circulation, the viscoelasticity of the vessel walls has generally been neglected or only taken into account in a highly approximate manner. A new method is proposed to simulate the nonlinear viscoelastic properties of the wall material with the aid of a convolution integral of the creep function and the pressure history. With this simulation it is possible to properly describe the measured characteristics of arterial viscoelasticity. Moreover, it is utilized in a mathematical model of arterial pulse propagation to study the influence of the internal wall friction on the shape, amplitude and mean value of pressure and flow pulses. The corresponding predictions are in much better agreement with in-vivo measurements, especially for the distal part of the circulation, than those obtained without viscoelasticity. PMID- 6965196 TI - A biomechanical model for actively controlled snow ski bindings. AB - Active control of snow ski bindings is a new design concept which potentially offers improved protection from lower extremity injury. Implementation of this concept entails measuring physical variables and calculating loading and/or deformation in injury prone musculoskeletal components. The subject of this paper is definition of a biomechanical model for calculating tibia torsion based on measurements of torsion loading between the boot and ski. Previous control schemes have used leg displacement only to indicate tibia torsion. The contributions of both inertial and velocity-dependent torques to tibia loading are explored and it is shown that both these moments must be included in addition to displacement-dependent moments. A new analog controller design which includes inertia, damping, and stiffness terms in the tibia load calculation is also presented. PMID- 6965197 TI - A microstructure model for the rheology of mammalian tendon. AB - The rheological behavior of mammalian tendon is analyzed in terms of its constituents structure and their properties. The elastic fibers are assumed to be straight and linearly elastic. They are of predominant role in the low ranges of strain. The collagen fibers are nonuniformly undulated. Upon stretch they gradually become straight, thus increasing the stiffness of the tissue. They are assumed to be linearly viscoelastic with negligible bending strength. It is shown that the nonuniformity of the collagen fiber structure can account for the observed nonlinear load-strain relations as well as for the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of the tendon. An experimental procedure is developed through which the material functions and parameters can be determined. PMID- 6965198 TI - Flow characteristics in symmetrically branched tubes simulating the human aortic bifurcation. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of flow in a symmetrically branched tube that had an area ratio (0.8) and angle of branching (70 deg) that were comparable to the human descending aorta. Velocity profiles were measured in steady and pulsatile flow with a laser Doppler anemometer. A region of transient flow reversal was found along the outer wall during minimal flow in the pulsatile cycle. Flow separation did not occur. For both steady and pulsatile flow, the shear rates were higher along the inner wall and lower along the outer wall in the region of the vertex of the bifurcation. PMID- 6965199 TI - A note on the leakage of the new Omniscience/tm pivoting disk prosthetic heart valve. AB - Measurements of the steady-state leakage of the new Medical Incorporated Omniscience/tm cardiac valve prosthesis are presented. These results are compared to those obtained from the SJM bi-leaflet cardiac valve/tm. The new Omniscience/tm valve shows significantly less leakage than the bi-leaflet valve. Consideration is given to problems in similitude as well as to the general nature of the flow field. PMID- 6965200 TI - Effects of phenytoin withdrawal on matching to sample and workshop performance of mentally retarded individuals--a brief report. PMID- 6965201 TI - An applied dose-response curve of thioridazine with the mentally retarded: aggressive, self-stimulatory, intellectual, and workshop behaviors--a preliminary report. PMID- 6965202 TI - An analysis of institutionalized retarded residents using DIS-CO. PMID- 6965203 TI - Neuroleptic serum levels in mentally retarded boys. PMID- 6965204 TI - [An autopsy report of multiple myeloma with tumor cells in the pleural effusion exhibiting polyploid DNA amounts]. PMID- 6965206 TI - [The concept of distribution in the lung]. PMID- 6965205 TI - [A case of traumatic pneumatocele in a junior high school male student]. PMID- 6965208 TI - [Rehabilitation in respiratory disease]. PMID- 6965207 TI - [Monitoring in the RCU]. PMID- 6965209 TI - [The defense mechanism of the respiratory system and its control]. PMID- 6965210 TI - [The mucociliary transport system of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 6965211 TI - [The role of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in patients with malignant diseases and respiratory non malignant diseases in host defense mechanisms]. PMID- 6965212 TI - [Defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 6965213 TI - [Lung defense mechanisms in alveolar regions]. PMID- 6965214 TI - [Efficiency evaluation of nebulizers for inhalation therapy]. PMID- 6965215 TI - [Control of breathing in twins]. PMID- 6965216 TI - [A study on assay method and dynamics of Fc-receptor activity of pulmonary alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6965217 TI - [Pulmonary function in hypersensitivity pneumonitis]. PMID- 6965218 TI - [Acoustic characteristics of 'wheeze' analyzed by sound spectrograph--in relation to the respiratory phase and transmission]. PMID- 6965219 TI - [Study on arylsulfatases of lung carcinomas]. PMID- 6965220 TI - [A case of carcinomatous pericarditis successfully treated with intrapericardial tetracycline]. PMID- 6965221 TI - [A case of intrathoracic neurinoma appearing as hemothorax]. PMID- 6965222 TI - [The respiratory system and NO2]. PMID- 6965223 TI - [Series distribution of airway collapsibility in situ in dogs]. PMID- 6965224 TI - [Ventilatory function of aged asthmatics under the best clinical conditions]. PMID- 6965225 TI - Deficient strongly adherent monocytes in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. AB - The numbers of strongly adherent monocytes in the peripheral blood of normal subjects and cancer patients were determined. The method used was to place peripheral blood mononuclear cells in microwells and culture them for 1 week. At the end of that period, adherent macrophages were counted in the Coulter counter after release. Adherent cells per milliliter of blood, per total cells, and per mononuclear cells or monocytes plated were markedly diminished in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 44 melanoma, 23 breast cancer, 18 lung cancer, nine colon cancer, and 27 leukemia patients. Median values were 14.8 X 10(4) adherent cells per ml peripheral blood for 86 normal subjects, as against 2.5 X 10(4) per ml in the peripheral blood of the 125 patients (P less than 0.001). There was a poor correlation between the adherent cell numbers and the peripheral blood leukocyte counts, but an excellent correlation of the different adherent cell counts with each other. The number of adherent cells in the peripheral blood varied inversely with age in the cancer patients, but not in the normal subjects (r = 0.29, P less than 0.005). When patients under age 50 were compared to the controls, the deficiency of adherent cells was slightly more severe in patients with stage IV lung cancer than in those with stage III lung cancer. In contrast, there was no difference in the degree of deficiency between patients with stage III melanoma and no evident disease and patients with stage IV disseminated metastatic disease. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 6965226 TI - The immune system and cancers of foetal origin. AB - Evidence of early loss of immunological competence in cases of neoplasms occurring in juveniles was found in an analysis of OSCC data (Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers). The effects observed included heightened sensitivity to infection from birth onwards for all types of childhood cancer, higher levels of sensitivity for leukaemia than for lymphomas, and higher levels for lymphomas than for other solid tumours. The findings as a whole are consistent with in utero loss of immunological competence, which is an essential promoter of cancers of foetal origin and thus allows the outcome of an in utero cancer induction to be influenced both by maternal levels of immunological competence and postnatal infection. PMID- 6965228 TI - Systemic activation of macrophages by liposome-entrapped muramyl tripeptide in mice pretreated with the chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin. AB - The purpose of these studies was to determine whether macrophages of mice pretreated with the chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin (ADR) could be systemically activated by IV injection of liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE), a lipophilic derivative of muramyl dipeptide. Lower than normal levels of alveolar macrophages or peritoneal exudate macrophages were found in mice following IV injection of ADR. This decrease was dose-dependent and, in mice given less than 10 mg ADR/kg, it was transient (14 days). Peritoneal macrophages surviving the administration of 15 mg ADR/kg were tumoricidal. At various times after single or repeated administration of ADR, mice were given IV or IP injections of liposomes containing MTP-PE. One day thereafter, the cytotoxic activity of the in situ-activated macrophages (alveolar or peritoneal exudate) was assessed in culture against syngeneic melanoma cells. Our data demonstrate that under defined conditions the systemic administration of ADR does not interfere with the in situ activation of tumoricidal properties of murine macrophages after IV injection of liposomes containing a macrophage activating agent. PMID- 6965227 TI - Immunoselection of tumor variants resistant to antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. Their immunologic and metastatic characterization. AB - The immunological characteristics of two series of metastatic variants of restricted genetic origin were related to their lung-colony-forming potential. A series of metastatic variants was isolated from a tumor-cell population in which heterogeneity appeared following short-term in vivo passage, while a second series of variants were immunoselected in vitro for resistance to antibody complement-mediated cell lysis. In the case of the first series, the sensitivity of the individual variants to cell-mediated and antibody-complement-mediated cytotoxicity appeared to be partly determined by the number and rate of loss of antibody-binding sites on the cell surface. These characteristics also correlated with the efficiency of experimental metastasis in the animal. We compared the results reported herein with our previous studies of nonimmune parameters for this series of metastatic variants, and we conclude that immunological differences can be important to the efficiency of lung-colony formation. However, in the case of the second series of variants, despite selection in vitro for resistance to antibody-complement-mediated cell lysis, the behavior of these variants in the lung colony assay could not be predicted by the immunologic parameters examined. PMID- 6965230 TI - A follow-up study of urinary bladder patients tested for tumour-related lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - A total of 143 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were tested for lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against the bladder carcinoma cell line T24. Some of the patients were also tested against MANO (another cell line of transitional cell bladder carcinoma origin), HCV29 (from bladder epithelium, probably transformed in vitro) and/or HT29 (from a colon adenocarcinoma). The patients were divided into a high- or a low-responder group for each cell line. The patients were followed up and the correlation between a high response in the cytotoxicity tests and survival was evaluated using an adaptation of the Mantel-Haenszel statistics. No significant correlation could be demonstrated. PMID- 6965229 TI - Reaction of the leukocytes of melanoma patients and control donors, including pregnant women, with melanoma- and fetus-derived materials. AB - Using a one-stage capillary leukocyte migration inhibition assay, we examined peripheral blood leukocytes from 97 patients with malignant melanoma, 194 pregnant women, and 123 non-pregnant donors for their reactivity with materials from fetal and melanomatous tissues. As in previous studies, we found melanoma extracts selectively to inhibit melanoma patients' leukocytes. First-trimester fetal extracts also selectively inhibited melanoma patients' leukocytes, suggesting their cross-reactivity with melanoma-derived antigens. We could not localize the source of the inhibitory materials within the fetuses. We found no evidence that pregnant women were selectively immunized to fetal or melanoma extracts, regardless of their parity or the stage of their pregnancy. PMID- 6965231 TI - Chemiluminescence, suppression and cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from solid tumor cancer patients. AB - Chemiluminescence, indomethacin-sensitive suppression, and adherent cell cytotoxicity were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from normal subjects and solid tumor cancer patients. These functions were found to be differentially affected by malignant disease. In cancer patients with disseminated disease, indomethacin-sensitive suppression and chemiluminescence emission were increased to a level significantly higher than normal without a concurrent increase in adherent cell cytotoxic function. In cancer patients with at most minimum residual diseases, the levels of chemiluminescence, indomethacin sensitive suppression, and adherent cell cytotoxicity found were comparable to those of the normal study population. In vitro stimulation of cells from patients with disseminated disease by phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) increased chemiluminescence overcame the suppressive effects of indomethacin-sensitive suppressor cells, and increased adherent cell cytotoxicity; in cells from patients with at most minimum residual disease, PMA increased chemiluminescence and cytotoxicity without influencing the activity of indomethacin-sensitive suppressor cells. Vaccination of lung cancer patients with Freund's complete adjuvant or Freund's complete adjuvant plus tumor antigen extracts led to increased levels of chemiluminescence and increased levels of adherent cell cytotoxicity without altering indomethacin-sensitive regulatory cell function. PMID- 6965233 TI - Studies of natural killer cell activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity among patients with acute leukemia in complete remission. AB - Low natural killer (NK) cell activity against the K-562 leukemia cell line was observed in patients with acute leukemia in the early stages of remission, i.e., 2-4 months (11.3% +/- 7.95% specific target cell lysis). This parameter was found to be normal among leukemia patients after a longer time in remission (19.53% +/- 7.55%) when compared with healthy donors (18.46% +/- 12.98%). A similar pattern of activity was observed in studies of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis (ADCC) to the CEM lymphoid tumor cell line in the same group (37.58% +/- 12.4% vs. 51% +/- 6.79% specific target cell lysis). ADCC to chicken red blood cells (CRBC) and to human red blood cells (HRBC) was not significantly different from that for healthy controls at either duration of remission. Nine patients relapsed over a follow-up period of 9 months. They were found to have slightly lower NK activity (14.4% +/- 9.3%) and ADCC to CEM (41.4% +/- 8.5%) than the patients who remained in remission (17.1% +/- 6.8%; 48.7% +/- 9.7%, respectively). These data indicate a lymphocyte deficit which may persist for some time after remission has been induced, and which may be due to the effect of leukemic cell burden or the effect of aggressive chemotherapy. PMID- 6965232 TI - A specific vaccine effective against stage I and stage II malignant disease in guinea pigs. Effect of variations in preparations and storage. AB - Guinea pigs, each with an established, syngeneic dermal line 10 tumor and lymph node metastases, were immunized by intradermal injection of a mixture of irradiated line 10 cells and an emulsion containing heat-killed BCG. Immunization eradicated 7- or 10-day-old dermal tumors (about 10 or 12 mm in diameter, respectively) and prevented growth of microscopic lymph node metastases. Fourteen day-old dermal tumors (about 15 mm in diameter) were not rejected by immunization. Guinea pigs with stage II disease (21-day-old dermal tumors and palpable metastases in the first draining lymph node) were treated by excision of the dermal tumor and the first draining lymph node, and by specific immunization. This treatment eliminated tumor cells remaining in the second draining lymph nodes. The surgical treatment alone was not curative, palpable metastases in the second draining lymph nodes progressed and the animals died (some with visible lung metastases). Emulsions containing killed BCG were good adjuvants even after prolonged storage at 4 degrees C, but lost most of their adjuvant activity after autoclaving or freezing. PMID- 6965235 TI - Medical groups and Amnesty International. PMID- 6965236 TI - The pattern of rheumatic fever in a paediatric unit in Colombo. PMID- 6965234 TI - Lysis of autologous human melanoma cells by in vitro allosensitized peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of melanoma patients were sensitized in vitro with lymphocytes of a single donor or with a pool of lymphocytes of 5-20 different donors. After 6-7 days, the cytotoxic activity of the sensitized PBL was tested against cultured autologous tumor cells and lymphocytes in a 51Cr release assay. Tumor lysis was observed in 13 of 16 cases in which patients' PBL (Pt-PBL) were stimulated by a pool of allogeneic lymphocytes and in five out of seven cases when single sensitization was performed. In no case was lysis of autologous normal lymphocytes or blasts seen. Cultivation of Pt-PBL with irradiated autologous tumor cells never led to the induction of lymphocytes cytotoxic to melanoma cells. Lysability by pool-activated autologous Pt-PBL of fresh cryopreserved tumor cells was compared to that of short-term cultured tumor cells, and no significant differences were observed. Cold-target inhibition experiments indicated that the cytotoxicity of Pt-PBL was tumor-restricted since only autologous melanoma cells but not lymphocytes were able to inhibit the reaction. These results indicate that activation of Pt-PBL is necessary in order to elicit or amplify their antitumor activity. PMID- 6965237 TI - Hb E trait and Hb E-thalassaemia in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6965238 TI - Primary acquired sideroblastic anaemia with secondary haemochromatosis. PMID- 6965239 TI - Jejunal carcinoma. PMID- 6965241 TI - Maternity services in China. PMID- 6965240 TI - Paget's disease of bone with congestive cardiac failure. PMID- 6965242 TI - Acupuncture. PMID- 6965243 TI - Reminiscences of medical student days. PMID- 6965244 TI - S. C. Paul oration 1980. Reye's syndrome and a Reye's syndrome-like illness with early seizures--their pathogenesis and treatment. PMID- 6965245 TI - [Eperythrozoon teganodes infection in splenectomized calves in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina]. AB - The finding of Eperythrozoon teganodes in splenectomized calves from the Santa Fe province, Argentina, is reported. The morphology of the agent and the clinical characteristics of the infection are described. PMID- 6965246 TI - Isolation and identification of anaerobic contaminants from a machine for producing processed cheese. AB - Some bacteria of the genus Clostridium can contaminate milk. These bacteria can cause "the late gas" or "late blowing" defect in the cheese if this is made with milk containing such contaminants. In this study, six samples from a processed cheese contaminated in a manufacturing machine were analysed. Out of 60 strains studied, 30 were classified as Clostridium tyrobutyricum, 20 as Clostridium butyricum, and 10 as Desulfotomaculum ruminis. PMID- 6965247 TI - [Protein enrichment of sugar beet bagasse for fermentation]. AB - Leached beet pulp is a plentiful waste in the sugar beet industry in Chile, reaching 100.000 metric tons per year on a dry basis. It represents an interesting substrate for protein upgrading through fermentation by cellulolytic organisms, because of the high content of cellulose and hemicellulose, with small amounts of protein and lignin (Table 1). The fermentation of leached beet pulp by the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 was studied under carbon limitation, with the celluloses as the only carbon and energy source. Nitrogen was supplied as ammonium sulphate and the medium was supplemented with other mineral salts as required for growth. Results on the kinetics of cellulose and hemicellulose degradation, level of reducing sugars in the medium, mycelial growth and production of cellulolytic enzymes are presented. Mycelial growth and related parameters were evaluated by an indirect method, based on nitrogen balances during fermentation. A yield of 0.26 g. of dry cell/g. of cellulosic substrate consumed and productivity of 0.095 g. of dry cell per liter per hour were obtained and compared with reported results on similar systems. After 40 to 45 hours of fermentation, approximately 80% of the cellulose and 45% of the hemicellulose were degraded (Fig. 2). Both, exoglucanase and endoglucanase, were induced; endoglucanase was growth associated, while exoglucanase appeared later in the growth phase, reaching its maximum activity in the stationary phase (Fig. 3). The product obtained was 30% protein and only 40 to 45% residual fiber, mostly hemicellulose. Mild acid hydrolysis has been successful in degrading hemicellulose but not cellulose, in the leached beet pulp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6965248 TI - Cell cycle activation and ouabain-sensitive ion movements of 3T3 and C3H-10T1/2 fibroblasts. AB - The introduction of either PGF2 alpha-(10(-7) M) or TPA (10(-7) M) stimulated, ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ influx at 30 min in postconfluent 3T3-4 mouse fibroblast cultures by 117% and 124%, respectively. Both TPA and PGF2 alpha at these concentrations stimulated the incorporation of 3H-TdR into DNA. TPA had the greatest stimulatory effect, which was similar to that obtained with 10% fetal calf serum. In accord with the idea that modulation of membrane processes such as Na+/K+ pump activity in fibroblasts may reflect important events related to the initiation of DNA synthesis, it was observed that in both 3T3-4 and C3H-10T1/2 cells there were parallel increases in 3H-TdR incorporation and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ influxes with 10(-7) M TPA, whereas PGF2 alpha stimulated a significant increase in 3H-TdR incorporation in 3T3-4 but not C3H-10T1/2 cells and only marginal increases in ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ influx in both. Therefore, although there appears to be a close correlation between Na+/K+ pump activation and subsequent S-phase entry following TPA stimulation, a similar correlation for PGF2 alpha cannot be confirmed. PMID- 6965249 TI - Membrane phase state and the rearrangement of hematopoietic cell surface receptors. AB - Transformed murine hematopoietic cells of several lineages bound the fluorescent membrane probe merocyanine 540, whereas their normal counterparts did not. Similar selective binding was reproduced in artificial liposomes which bound this probe above their phase transition temperature, but not below it. The regions of the membrane to which merocyanine 540 binds along with the receptors for the lectin concanavalin A, but not the receptors for the lectin wheat germ agglutinin, were rearranged during the course of induced differentiation of erythroleukemia cells. Based on these findings, we propose a model of hematopoietic cell surface differentiation in which proteins such as concanavalin A receptors, which are destined for removal from the plasma membrane, are specifically associated with disordered, liquid-like lipid domains which can be visualized with merocyanine 540. For the specific case of erythroid differentiation, these domains and their associated proteins are collected at the region of the membrane where nuclear extrusion occurs and are eliminated from the reticulocyte plasma membrane by the enucleation event. PMID- 6965250 TI - Microcell-mediated cotransfer of genes specifying methotrexate resistance, emetine sensitivity, and chromate sensitivity with Chinese hamster chromosome 2. AB - Many selectable mutants of somatic Chinese hamster cells have been described, but very few of the mutations have been mapped to specific chromosomes. We have utilized the microcell-mediated gene transfer technique to establish the location of three selectable genetic markers on chromosome 2 of Chinese hamster. Microcells were prepared from the methotrexate-resistant MtxRIII line of Flintoff et al. (Somatic Cell Genet. 2:245-261, 1976) and fused to wild-type CHO cells, and microcell hybrids (transferants) were selected in medium containing methotrexate. All transferants were karyotyped and found to contain a marker chromosome from the donor MtxRIII line. This marker chromosome, called 2p-, consisted of a chromosome 2 with a reduced short arm resulting from a reciprocal translocation between 2p and 5q. In experiments utilizing emetine-resistant (Emtr) or chromate-resistant (Chrr) recipient cells it was found that the emt+ and chr+ wild-type genes were cotransferred with the 2p- chromosomes. Karyotype analysis of several transferants with rearranged or broken 2p- markers allowed regional localization of the emt and chr loci to the proximal third of the long arm and localization of the gene or genes conferring methotrexate resistance to the short arm. These results confirm our earlier assignment of the emt and chr loci to chromosome 2 in Chinese hamster. PMID- 6965252 TI - [An autopsy case of interstitial pneumonia associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6965251 TI - Segregation of recessive phenotypes in somatic cell hybrids: role of mitotic recombination, gene inactivation, and chromosome nondisjunction. AB - Somatic cell hybrids heterozygous at the emetine resistance locus (emtr/emt+) or the chromate resistance locus (chrr/chr+) are known to segregate the recessive drug resistance phenotype at high frequency. We have examined mechanisms of segregation in Chinese hamster cell hybrids heterozygous at these two loci, both of which map to the long arm of Chinese hamster chromosome 2. To follow the fate of chromosomal arms through the segregation process, our hybrids were also heterozygous at the mtx (methotrexate resistance) locus on the short arm of chromosome 2 and carried cytogenetically marked chromosomes with either a short arm deletion (2p-) or a long-arm addition (2q+). Karyotype and phenotype analysis of emetine- or chromate-resistant segregants from such hybrids allowed us to distinguish four potential segregation mechanisms: (i) loss of the emt+- or chr+ bearing chromosome; (ii) mitotic recombination between the centromere and the emt or chr loci, giving rise to homozygous resistant segregants; (iii) inactivation of the emt+ or chr+ alleles; and (iv) loss of the emt+- or chr+-bearing chromosome with duplication of the homologous chromosome carrying the emtr or chrr allele. Of 48 independent segregants examined, only 9 (20%) arose by simple chromosome loss. Two segregants (4%) were consistent with a gene inactivation mechanism, but because of their rarity, other mechanisms such as mutation or submicroscopic deletion could not be excluded. Twenty-one segregants (44%) arose by either mitotic recombination or chromosome loss and duplication; the two mechanisms were not distinguishable in that experiment. Finally, in hybrids allowing these two mechanisms to be distinguished, 15 segregants (31%) arose by chromosome loss and duplication, and none arose by mitotic recombination. PMID- 6965253 TI - Balint's syndrome and transient global amnesia as a result of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. PMID- 6965254 TI - [Physiology in essential neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve]. PMID- 6965256 TI - [A case of metabolic encephalopathy caused by vitamin B 12-dependent methylmalonicoaciduria]. PMID- 6965255 TI - [The glucose-pyruvate test in Friedreich's ataxia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]. PMID- 6965257 TI - [Myoclonic cerebellar dyssynergia. Clinico-tomographic and cisternographic study of a case]. PMID- 6965258 TI - Immunoglobulin idiotypes and their expression. Abstracts. PMID- 6965259 TI - Shovel shape of maxillary incisors in 47,XXY males. PMID- 6965261 TI - The effect of high oral dosage of xylitol and sucrose on the biochemical properties of whole saliva in human volunteers after long-term regular consumption of xylitol. PMID- 6965260 TI - Human ionic plasma fluoride concentrations and age in a fluoridated community. PMID- 6965262 TI - Atrio-ventricular conduction system in myotonic dystrophy: value of electrophysiological investigation. PMID- 6965263 TI - Atracurium in anaesthetized man. PMID- 6965264 TI - Contribution to the problem of the adrenoleukomyeloneuropathy complex. Study of two Italian brothers with adrenoleukodystrophy and their mother with myeloneuropathy. PMID- 6965265 TI - Post-traumatic syringomyelia. Clinical features, investigation and treatment. PMID- 6965267 TI - A letter to a developmental disabilities administrator. PMID- 6965266 TI - Cell interactions during tooth development. PMID- 6965268 TI - A review of training programs for providers of foster family care to mentally retarded persons. AB - The training needs of foster care providers serving mentally retarded persons have been acknowledged for some time. This review of specific training programs demonstrates that a variety of excellent materials and strategies for meeting these needs are now available. A number of important tasks remain. First, existing training programs need to be implemented more widely. Second, new programs and training materials need to be developed to address needs not adequately met by existing programs. Finally, there is a need to conduct systematic evaluations of care provider training on a more regular basis. The results of these evaluations must then be used to guide refinements in future training efforts. This is an essential step if these programs are to be effective in meeting their goal of improving the quality of care offered to mentally retarded persons by foster family care providers. PMID- 6965270 TI - Bone cell activities and calcium-regulating hormones. PMID- 6965269 TI - Impaired bone resorption of cultured calvaria from mice with abnormal lysosomal function (the Chediak-Higashi syndrome). AB - Spontaneous bone resorption is reduced in cultured calvarial bones from mice with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome, as indicated by decreased mobilization of calcium from the bones to the medium. Although bone resorption in calvaria from mice with this disease can be stimulated by PGE2 and 1 alpha (OH)D3, the amounts of mineral released after stimulation is also decreased. PMID- 6965271 TI - Conduction velocity and spike duration during afterdischarge in neuroendocrine bag cells of Aplysia. AB - Changes in conduction velocity and spike duration during electrically triggered afterdischarges were determined with extracellular recordings from bag-cell neurites of Aplysia. Spikes with high conduction velocity and short duration occurred at the onset of the afterdischarge during the period of high-frequency firing and regular interspike intervals. Later in the afterdischarge, spike frequency and conduction velocity decreased, while spike duration increased. During the short bursts within the later part of the afterdischarge, conduction velocity was highest for the first spike and decreased for successive spikes in the burst. That conduction velocity and spike frequency were both maximal during the first minute of the afterdischarge and lower during the later periods of the spike train supports the hypothesis that changes in the excitability of the bag cell neurites occur during this firing pattern. Furthermore, the slower conduction velocity and longer duration of spikes from the bag-cell neurites late in the afterdischarge, and late in the individual bursts within the afterdischarge, suggest the hypothesis of enhanced hormone release per action potential during these periods. PMID- 6965272 TI - [Submicroscopic detection of oriented protein filaments in the plasmoditrophoblast of the human placenta (author's transl)]. AB - In this paper is described by histochemical, polarization optical and electron microscopical techniques resp. an up to now unknown protein structure in the basal plasmoditrophoblast of the human placenta. This structure consists of noncollagenic filaments containing cystin or cystein. They are arranged in the plain in the form of a network and parallel to the surface of the chorionic villi. They occur in connection with Langhans cells, they regularly existed in young placentas, where they completely surround the chorionic villi, and they occur in the villi of termborn placentas only incomplete in parts of the plasmoditrophoblast. Differences of the molecular structure of the network of protein filaments, which are depended on the age, are not demonstrable. PMID- 6965274 TI - Effects of single intramuscular administration of various preparations of corticosteroids on bentonite-induced oedema of rat hind paw. AB - Effects of single prophylactic and/or therapeutic i.m. doses of various esters of anti-inflammatory steroids on the bentonite-induced oedema of the rat paw were followed. The short-lasting actions (1 d) of soluble sodium succinate esters of hydrocortisone, prednisolone and 6-methylprednisolone on the one hand, and the long-lasting actions (1 to 2 weeks) of insoluble hydrocortisone acetate, 6 methylprednisolone acetate or cyclopentylpropionate, and triamcinolone diacetate or acetonide on the other hand have been proved. Both the preparations of beta methasone tested exerted short-lasting effects (1 d). It has been confirmed that triamcinolone acetonide is more effective (and also more toxic) than the diacetate ester of this steroid. The bentonite-induced oedema has proved to be a suitable model of inflammatory reaction for screening anti-inflammatory corticosteroids because it makes possible the determination and differentiation of the time of onset, intensity and duration of action of single doses of various pharmaceutical formulations of these agents. PMID- 6965273 TI - DNA polymerase activities in Friend cells during the differentiation process. AB - DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activities were followed in FL cell cultures (clone 5.86) at different stages of differentiation. A temporary block of growth and DNA synthesis was observed after the addition of the inducers (DMSO or HMBA). This delay in the growth and in the DNA synthesis initiation is not observed in cultures of DMSO-resistant variants after treatment with DMSO. In both uninduced and induced cultures, during growth, the DNA gamma-polymerase activity is constant and the alpha-polymerase activity is strictly dependent on the DNA synthesis rate. On the other hand, a different behaviour between induced and uninduced cultures is observed for the DNA polymerase beta: its activity is constant in uninduced cultures, whereas it changes in induced cultures at various stages of differentiation, dropping to lower values at early times and rising to values similar to those observed in uninduced cultures at later times. This behaviour is not observed in cultures of a DMSO-resistant variant clone: in this case the beta-polymerase activity is constant in both the absence and the presence of DMSO or HMBA. PMID- 6965275 TI - Lithium intoxication and its clinical management. PMID- 6965277 TI - Plasmodium chabaudi: adoptive transfer of immunity with different spleen cell populations and development of protective activity in the serum of lethally irradiated recipient mice. PMID- 6965276 TI - Comparison of behavioral properties of di- and tri-methoxyphenylisopropylamines. AB - Prominent among the class of hallucinogenic phenylisopropylamines is the 2,5 dimethoxy substitution pattern; this pattern has long been recognized as being an important feature of the more potent agents within this class. The purpose of this present study was to explore the behavioral properties of a series of methoxylated phenylisopropylamines in order to determine the effect of other substitution patterns and the relative importance of individual methoxy groups. Rats, trained to discriminate the hallucinogenic agent 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl phenylisopropylamine (DOM) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task, were challenged with a series of di- and trimethoxyphenylisopropylamines (i.e., DMA and TMA derivatives). DOM-stimulus generalization was found to occur with 2,4 DMA but not with 2,3-DMA, 2.6-DMA, or 3,5-DMA; generalization also occurred with 2,3,4-TMA, 2,3,5-TMA, 2,4,6-TMA and 3,4,5-TMA. The 2,4-dimethoxy pattern also emerges as an important feature among the more active agents. PMID- 6965278 TI - Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania tropica major: adoptive transfer of immunity in mice. PMID- 6965279 TI - Toxocara canis: T lymphocyte function in murine visceral larva migrans and eosinophilia onset. PMID- 6965280 TI - Na+ and K+ uptake and exchange by the amphibian oocyte during the first meitotic division. PMID- 6965281 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic portography in the assessment of portal hypertension. Clinical correlations and comparison of radiographic techniques. AB - Sixty-four transhepatic portograms performed before transhepatic obliteration of varices in patients with variceal hemorrhage have been reviewed. Sixty-two patients had coronary gastroesophageal vessels feeding gastric and esophageal varices and other major collateral circulation was seen in 25 patients. There was no relationship between the presence of major collateral circulation and the height of portal pressure or the severity of hemorrhage from gastroesophageal varices. Failure to opacify the intrahepatic portal venous system was seen in 11 patients and was strongly associated with portal-systemic encephalopathy. In addition to transhepatic portography, 35 patients had a splenic portogram, and 27 patients had coeliac axis angiography. There was poor agreement between the findings of these three techniques. Transhepatic portography was markedly superior in demonstrating the portal-systemic collateral circulation. Because of the excellent anatomical definition obtained, transhepatic portography is a superior technique for visualizing the portal system. However, even this technique may occasionally fail to demonstrate gastroesophageal collateral circulation in patients with endoscopically documented variceal hemorrhage. PMID- 6965282 TI - Portal hypertension associated with systemic mastocytosis and splenomegaly. AB - An unusual case of systemic mastocytosis with splenomegaly, portal hypertension, and bleeding esophageal varices is presented. Arteriograms and liver biopsy suggested the mechanism of the portal hypertension was due to increased blood flow in the splenic vein, although splenic arteriovenous shunting secondary to histamine release and increased intrahepatic resistance secondary to mast cell infiltration might have played a role. The portal hypertension was relieved by splenectomy. PMID- 6965285 TI - Asbestosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A case associating asbestosis and clinical lupus erythematosus (SLE), both diagnosed according to standard criteria, is described. It is suggested that such an association may bear some analogy to the well-known 'Caplan-Collinet' syndrome, associating silicosis and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6965283 TI - Vasopressin infusion. PMID- 6965284 TI - Comparison between surface components from human B and chronic lymphatic leukaemia lymphocytes isolated by lentil lectin. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) were compared to normal purified B lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of 3H-fucose, and glycoproteins isolated by lentil lectin, were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Most of the major components detected in normal B lymphocytes were also present in CLL lymphocytes. Although B and CLL lymphocytes shared several components of similar molecular size, the latter appeared to be a heterogeneous cell population. The most important finding was the presence of a prominent component of approximately component of approximately 35,000 daltons in normal B and in 7 out of 8 cases of CLL. This component was not related to surface immunoglobulins but appeared to have a molecular weight very similar to the human Ia-like antigen. A labelled component of approximately 140,000 daltons was also present in large amounts in B lymphocytes and in 5 cases of CLL. Receptors specific for CLL lymphocytes were not found. PMID- 6965286 TI - Rod monochromat sensitivity to sine wave flicker at luminances saturating the rods. AB - The flicker sensitivity (temporal modulation transfer function) of a rod monochromat was measured at luminances in the range of 8 to 782 scotopic td. The results could be fitted by a single curve shifted vertically, suggesting that rod saturation is independent of the temporal properties of the stimulus. This is consistent with the hypothesis that rod saturation is a pure receptor phenomenon. PMID- 6965288 TI - Surgical procedures involving cardiopulmonary bypass in patients aged 70 or older. AB - Cardiac surgery was performed in 27 patients whose ages ranged from 70 to 78 years (mean, 72). In 17 of these patients, the operation was coronary artery bypass grafting without other procedures. There were 3 operative deaths (17.6 percent) but no late deaths during a mean follow-up period of 14 months, and all the 14 surviving patients were improved symptomatically. In the other 10 of the 27 patients, the operation was valve replacement. There was no operative mortality among the 6 aortic valve patients and 1 operative death among the 4 mitral valve patients; the corresponding late deaths were 2 and 1, respectively, during a mean follow-up period of 41.3 months. Improvements in operative management and improved criteria for the selection of patients should afford benefits and risks for elderly cardiac patients similar to those for younger cardiac patients. PMID- 6965287 TI - Monocytes do not inhibit peripheral blood erythroid burst forming unit colony formation. AB - To determine a possible role of peripheral blood monocytes in erythroid differentiation, various fractions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were prepared from normal volunteers. The fractions contained 3-95% monocytes. These freshly prepared monocytes did not inhibit erythroid burst forming unit expression in plasma clot erythroid colony culture. Null cell preparations contaminated by up to 84% monocytes expressed erythroid burst forming unit colony formation when either T lymphocytes or T-cell conditioned medium was added. These results indicate that certain peripheral blood null cells engage the program of erythroid differentiation in the presence of T cells and erythropoietin. Monocytes do not inhibit this engagement. PMID- 6965289 TI - Stimulation of the in vivo dinitrophenyl antibody response to the DNP conjugate of L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-Tyrosine10 (GAT) polymer by a synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide (MDP): target cells for adjuvant activity and isotypic pattern of MDP-stimulated response. AB - Specific anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) response to DNP-conjugated L-glutamine60-L alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (DNP-GAT) was obtained in GAT-responder mice by using synthetic N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) as adjuvant. Significant levels of anti-DNP antibodies were observed during a secondary response to DNP GAT, when both antigen and MDP were used for priming. In this system, MDP was able to prime the carrier-specific T cells but not the hapten specific B cells. The study of the isotypic pattern of the anti-DNP response shows that MDP stimulates only the appearance of specific anti-DNP IgG1 plaque-forming cells. Anti-DNP plaque-forming cells were stimulated in animals primed with DNP-GAT in Freund's complete adjuvant or in Maalox-pertussis and used as control IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b. PMID- 6965291 TI - Cell interactions in leukemia-associated immunosuppression: suppression of thymus independent antibody responses by leukemia spleen cells (Moloney) in vitro is mediated by normal T cells. PMID- 6965290 TI - IgG B memory cell subpopulations: differences in susceptibility to stimulation by TI-1 and TI-2 antigens. AB - Spleen cells from mice primed with the thymus dependent (TD) antigen trinitrophenyl keyhole limpet hemocyanin several months earlier can be stimulated in vitro to produce an IgG anti-hapten response to TD as well as thymus independent (TI) forms of the hapten. Selective killing of TD or TI-2 responding B cells can be accomplished with the corresponding antigen by bromouridine deoxyribose (BUdR) and light treatment without affecting the other population. In contrast, we show here that selective killing with TI-1 antigens does not occur. Rather, the TI-1 antigens, TNP-Brucella abortus or TNP-lipopolysaccharide, eliminate both TD and TI-2 responding IgG memory B cells. All TNP-responding B cells are similarly eliminated if cultures are challenged simultaneously with TD and TI-2 antigens before BUdR and light but not when they are challenged with either a TD or TI-2 antigen separately. We conclude that IgG memory B cell precursors stimulated to produce anti-TNP by TD or TI-2 forms of the hapten are defined by only two functionally distinct subpopulations and that TI-1 antigens can stimulate both of these populations at least to divide. PMID- 6965292 TI - Origin and function of suppressor macrophages in myeloma. PMID- 6965294 TI - Priming and suppression of the intestinal immune response to cholera toxoid/toxin by parenteral toxoid in rats. AB - Parenteral immunization of rats with cholera toxoid had both priming and suppressive effects upon the antitoxin response in jejunal lamina propria to locally applied toxoid/toxin. Priming was detected when parenteral toxoid was given i.p. but not i.v. or s.c., was enhanced by Freund's adjuvant, and appeared to reflect enhanced encounter of i.p. antigen with IgA-committed lymphocytes in extra-intestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. In contrast, suppression followed parenteral toxoid given i.p., i.v., or s.c.; suppression was antigen specific and lasted at least 16 weeks. Parenteral toxoid suppressed both primary and secondary types of mucosal antitoxin responses, ultimately preventing the generation of antitoxin-containing immunoblasts from Peyer's patches. Since suppression followed parenteral immunization by routes that did not provoke mucosal priming, it was, at least in those instances, not simply a regulatory consequence of mucosal priming. These results support the notion that priming and suppression of a specific mucosal immune response are independent effects of parenteral immunization that are probably determined by the distribution of antigen to mucosa-associated and systemic lymphoid tissue, respectively. PMID- 6965293 TI - Phenotypic heterogeneity of Moloney leukemia virus-induced T cel lymphomas. PMID- 6965295 TI - Spontaneous in vitro cytotoxicity against autochthonous human melanoma cells. PMID- 6965296 TI - Regulation of myeloma growth in vitro by idiotype-specific T lymphocytes. AB - Spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with purified BALB/c myeloma protein (MP) caused idiotype-specific suppression of DNA synthesis and colony formation by myeloma cells in vitro. Lymphocytes from mice immunized with 315-MP inhibited only MOPC-315 plasmacytoma cells; conversely, lymphocytes from mice immunized with 167-MP inhibited only MOPC-167 plasmacytoma cells. Antisera from those mice that showed cell-mediated inhibition of myeloma growth had no significant effect. The suppressive activity of the spleen cells was markedly reduced by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 and complement, and the immune cells responsible for the suppression did not adhere to nylon wool. The suppressor cells adsorbed to myeloma protein-coated plates, and after elution, inhibited myeloma cells specifically at a 1:1 effector to target cell ratio. Suppression of myeloma growth was due to cytostatic rather than cytolytic effects. These findings suggest that mice immunized with purified myeloma protein have idiotype-specific T cells that can regulate myeloma cell growth. This mechanism may provide an explanation for the transplantation resistance to myelomas induced by immunization with myeloma protein. Similar idiotype-specific T cells may also play a role in the idiotype-specific regulation of immune responses by acting late in differentiation to block the proliferation of antibody-secreting normal B cells. PMID- 6965297 TI - Distribution of IgG subclasses in human B lymphocytes: evidence for dual expression of subclasses in surface and cytoplasmic IgG in minor B lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - The distribution of B lymphocytes expressing surface IgG subclasses has been defined by using immunochemically purified, subclass-specific, F(ab')2 fragments. Studies in normal adults showed 1.16% of peripheral lymphocytes to be positive for IgG. Percentages of IgG subclasses were IgG2, 0.50%; IgG4, 0.40%; IgG1, 0.33%; and IgG3, 0.14%. Dual label experiments indicated that minor subpopulations of normal lymphocytes may express more than one IgG subclass, both on surface IgG as well as in the cytoplasm. Cord blood showed significantly less IgG4-positive cells than were present in adults. Preliminary studies of patients with common variable immunodeficiency showed shifts in cell populations paralleling those previously noted in serum. Some patients with multiple myeloma were noted to exhibit striking shifts in the distribution of B lymphocytes toward a population of cells showing a similar IgG subclass to that of the M-component. PMID- 6965298 TI - Production of Con A-induced helper T cell replacing factor requires a T cell and an Ia-positive non-T cells. AB - Evidence is presented that indicates that two cells are required for the production of Con A-induced, helper T cell replacing factor. The factor production involves both a T cell and an IA,IE/C-positive non-T cell. The T cell and the Ia-positive cell need not be H-2 compatible. Limiting dilution analyses suggested that the Ia-positive cell is limiting in normal spleen. A hypothesis is put forward that the activation of T cells by Con A may involve "gluing" normally specific, functional T cells to the Ia expressing cells with which they would normally interact in antigen-specific activation. PMID- 6965300 TI - Differences in deoxyadenosine metabolism in human and mouse lymphocytes. PMID- 6965299 TI - Delineation of tolerance-sensitive and tolerance-insensitive B cells in normal and immune defective mice. AB - B cells responsive to TNP on various thymus-independent carriers acquire immunocompetence at different times during ontogeny and elicit varying levels of responsiveness in immune-defective CBA/N mice. Such B cells have now been found to display differential tolerance susceptibilities in a hapten-specific in vitro tolerance assay. B lymphocytes from normal neonatal or immune-defective adult CBA/N mice responsive to TNP-lipopolysaccharide were shown to be hypersusceptible to tolerogenesis whereas B cell responses to a second TI antigen, TNP-Brucella abortus, were not rendered tolerant until high concentrations of tolerogen had been presented. Therefore, tolerance hypsersusceptibility is characteristic of a fraction of neonatal and immune-defective adult CBA/N antigen-reactive B lymphocytes. PMID- 6965301 TI - A PMN-derived factor that enhances DNA-synthesis in PHA or antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. AB - The DNA synthesis potentiation of a mouse polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) factor was studied by using phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated syngeneic thymocytes. The partially purified PMN factor was nonmitogenic and exhibited maximum potentiation of thymocytes when added within 3 hr of PHA stimulation. PHA stimulated, but not nonstimulated thymocytes absorbed PMN potentiation factor. 125I-labeled factor binding to stimulated thymocytes was observed. Our results suggest that an acceptor site for PMN factor may be generated on the thymocyte surface only after PHA stimulation. PMID- 6965302 TI - Mitogen-activated human mononuclear cells suppress calcium binding by sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Weakness in inflammatory myopathy is commonly more prominent than is muscle fiber necrosis, suggesting additional explanations for its origin. Recent studies reveal that cell-mediated immune mechanisms are active in PMS-DMS. In experiments reported here, the effect of human mononuclear cell-derived mediator-rich supernatant upon calcium accumulation by SR membranes was examined. SR, by triggered binding and release of calcium in the vicinity of myofibrils, plays a key role in regulation of skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation. SR was derived from Lewis and Sprague-Dawley rat pelvic girdle muscles. Mediator-rich supernatants were generated by exposure of Hypaque-Ficoll-purified human mononuclear cells to PHA-P and Con-A during 72 hr of incubation in RPMl 1640 medium containing 10% autologous serum. Mitogens alone were without effect on SR. Suppression of ATP-dependent calcium accumulation was demonstrable within 40 min of exposure of SR to mediator-rich supernatants. The factor(s) producing suppression of calcium binding was nondialyzable, stable on storage at -70 degrees C, and active upon SR at physiologic calcium-loading levels. These findings may have important implications for understanding of the mechanism of weakness in inflammatory myopathies. PMID- 6965303 TI - Regulation of Fc fragment-induced murine spleen cell proliferation. AB - Murine splenic lymphocytes proliferate in response to supernatant material derived from Fc fragment-pulsed splenic adherent cells. The stimulatory supernatant results from the interaction of Fc fragments with adherent cells or adherent cell supernate. Isolation of the stimulatory material in the supernate by Sephadex chromatography revealed that the mitogenic component was a cleavage product of Fc with a mol wt of approximately 14,000. The spleen cell type responsible for the generation of mitogenic Fc subfragments appears to be a macrophage. Unstimulated macrophages release an active supernate without being exposed to Fc fragments. The supernate of unstimulated macrophages apparently contain an enzyme which is capable of cleaving Fc fragments into the 14,000-mol wt mitogenic molecules. The spleen cell population induced to proliferate in response to the adherent cell supernate is present in T-cell depleted and Sephadex G-10 filtered cell preparations. Depletion of cells bearing immunoglobulin on their surfaces results in a reduced proliferative response to the mitogenic supernatant material indicating that it is probably a B cell. PMID- 6965304 TI - Quantitative studies on the precursors of cytotoxic lymphocytes. VI. Second signal requirements of specifically activated precursors isolated 12 h after stimulation. AB - It is shown that, in a mixed lymphocyte reaction, the production of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CL) from cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CLP) requires two signals which are separated time. Using a flow cytometer-cell sorter and a vital, fluorescent DNA stain, Hoechst 3342, CLP specific for the stimulator cells can be separated from other CLP and from stimulator cells 12 h after initiation of mixed lymphocyte cultures. These CLP are in a state of partial activation and can produce CL in the absence of stimulator cells if a second signal in the form of a concanavalin A-induced spleen cell supernate factor is added. Specific CL are also generated when the partially activated CLP are cultured with both nude spleen cells and stimulator cells. In this case it appears that an interaction between the stimulator cells and the nude spleen cells leads to production of the second signal. PMID- 6965305 TI - T cells that encounter virus in the complete absence of a particular H-2 antigen are nonresponsive when stimulated again in the context of that H-2 antigen. AB - Immunologically naive BALB/c (H-2d) and C57BL/6J (B6) (H-2b) T-cell populations can, after filtration to remove alloreactive precursor lymphocytes, be induced to respond to vaccinia virus presented in the context of H-2Kk when stimulated in an appropriate recipient. Exposure to vaccinia virus 6 wk previously completely abrogated the capacity of BALB/c T cells to interact with H-2Kk-vaccinia virus. This is also true for negatively selected B6 thoracic duct lymphocytes taken at 14 or 18 d, but not at 6 wk after immunization: the discrepancy is thought to reflect the progressive emergence of new T cells in the latter group. No evidence could be found for the operation of suppression, and the results are considered to indicate that T cells that interact with virus in the absence of the relevant H-2 antigen are tolerized. Whereas stimulation to effector function is H-2 restricted, induction of immune paralysis may be unrestricted. The capacity of T cell populations to respond to virus presented in the context of allogeneic H-2 determinants thus depends upon previous antigenic experience. PMID- 6965306 TI - Antigen-specific T-helper cells stimulate H-2-compatible and H-2-incompatible B cell blasts polyclonally. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated B-cell blasts from C57BL/6J nu/nu spleen cells develop into IgM-secreting clones after stimulation by antigen-specific T-helper cells of C57BL/6J origin. Although induction of help is antigen-dependent, help itself acts polyclonally. 1 of 1--3 B-cell blasts is restimulated in a homologous fashion by LPS, or in a heterologous fashion by sheep erythrocyte (SRC)- or horse erythrocyte (HRC)-activated T-helper cells. The repertoire of activated B-cell blasts reflects the polyclonal nature of activation: approximately 1 in 1,000- 3,000 restimulated B-cell blasts is specific for SRC, 1 in 300--1,000 is specific for HRC, and 1 in 100--300 specific for trinitrophenylated SRC (TNP30-SRC). B cell blasts that are either H-2 compatible or H-2 incompatible with the antigen activated T-cell help are stimulated polyclonally in similar high frequencies. Thus, neither antigen nor H-2 compatibility are required to stimulate a B-cell blast into the next cell cycle. PMID- 6965308 TI - Suppression of T cells specific for the nonthymic parental H-2 haplotype in thymus-grafted chimeras. AB - The mechanism of restriction of T-cell specificity by the genotype of the thymus in allogeneic and semiallogeneic chimeras was investigated. Lack of induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) directed against antigen in association with the nonthymic parental haplotype in naive cells adoptively transferred into chimeras suggests the existence of an in vivo suppressive mechanism. However, it was not possible to suppress the expression of DTH in sensitized cells transferred into chimeras, or to transfer this suppression to normal naive recipients. PMID- 6965309 TI - An updated protocol for pediatric health screening. AB - Pediatric health screening comprises a significant component of a family physician's practice. A variety of protocols exist for pediatric screening yet many of the diseases included in such screening have marginal supportive evidence in the literature. This article examines 14 areas commonly included in pediatric health screening. Each is evaluated based on a thorough literature review, according to basic criteria necessary to justify periodic screening. Specific recommendations are made which are considered to be practical and appropriate in practice. These have been incorporated into the protocols currently used at the University of Washington Family Medical Center. PMID- 6965307 TI - Synergistic genetic defect in B-lymphocyte function. I. Defective responses to B cell stimulants and their genetic basis. AB - CBA/N female mice, which express an X-linked defect in B-lymphocyte function, were mated with C3H/HeJ male mice, which are unresponsive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The resulting F1 hybrid females were mated to C3H/HeJ males. Approximately one-half of the backcross (BC.1) males obtained from this mating expressed a more profound immunologic defect than either of the parental strains. Spleen cells from these mice were unresponsive to a series of B-cell mitogens including LPS prepared from Escherichia coli K235 and from E. coli 0111:B4, lipoprotein mitogen from E. coli, and Nocardia water-soluble mitogen (NWSM). They failed to give in vitro antibody responses to the thymus-independent type 2 (TI-2) antigen trinophenylated Ficoll and most were unresponsive to the TI-1 antigens trinitrophenylated Brucella abortus, trinitrophenylated LPS, and trinitrophenylated NWSM. This synergistic defect in B-lymphocyte function depended on the presence of the CBA/N xid gene but the critical gene(s) from the C3H strain was not the defective Lps gene (Lpsd). These mice should provide a valuable tool for the elucidation of B-lymphocyte ontogeny, heterogeneity, and function. PMID- 6965310 TI - An erysipelas-like scalp cellulitis due to haemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 6965311 TI - Aminocaproic acid. Use in control of hemorrhage in patients with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia. AB - The bleeding complications of some forms of thrombocytopenia are difficult to control. Many patients become refractory to platelet transfusions even when HLA matched. We have successfully used aminocaproic acid to control bleeding in 13 patients with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia. Four patients receiving long-term therapy with this drug had striking reductions in the number of platelet transfusions required for capillary bleeding. No adverse effects have been noted save for orthostatic hypotension, which is ameliorated by a reduction in dosage. Quantitative platelet function changes have been impossible to demonstrate, but no changes were noted in four patients with normal platelet counts who were receiving high-dose aminocaproic acid for treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Aminocaproic acid has proved to be a valuable agent in the management of patients with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, especially in decreasing the need for platelet transfusions. PMID- 6965312 TI - Herpes zoster after splenectomy. A study of patients without malignancy. AB - Follow-up information was obtained on 102 unselected patients who had undergone splenectomy for nonmalignant disease (ie, trauma, surgical complications, and hematologic indications). In 422 postsplenectomy years, three cases of herpes zoster were observed, two of which were associated with generalized cutaneous dissemination. This incidence is no greater than that reported elsewhere for age matched normal population. We conclude that in patients without malignancy, splenectomy does not predispose to herpes zoster, but may play a role in cutaneous dissemination. PMID- 6965313 TI - Temporal arteritis without pain. PMID- 6965314 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the management of occlusive disease involving the coronary arteries and saphenous vein bypass grafts: preliminary results. AB - Since January, 1978, we have evaluated 18 patients in whom segmental occlusive disease of the aorta-coronary saphenous vein graft or the native coronary circulation was present. The significantly occluded vessels were restored to relatively normal circulation by means of percutaneous transluminal dilatation in 10 of these patients, with technical failures in seven patients and the occurrence of a thrombosis during the procedure in one other. Successful dilatation occurred in six of the seven patients with saphenous vein graft stenosis. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the native coronary arteries in 11 patients resulted in five successful dilatations. All dilatation procedures are performed with the use of local anesthesia with an open-heart team standing by. In the event of technical failure or incipient thrombosis with developing infarction, the patient is transferred for immediate bypass. On the basis of these early results, we have developed guidelines of the indications for percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the coronary arteries and their saphenous vein grafts. The need for improved instrumentation to broaden these guidelines is discussed. Case histories of five patients are presented, and a summary table for all 18 patients is also provided. Certain inherent complications are discussed, but our preliminary results are encouraging, particularly with regard to stenoses of saphenous vein bypass grafts. PMID- 6965315 TI - Vasopressin release during cardiac operation. PMID- 6965316 TI - Prognostic value of immunologic markers in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6965317 TI - Chromosome abnormalities of leukaemic B lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 6965319 TI - A con A-stimulated T-cell hybridoma releases factors affecting haematopoietic colony-forming cells and B-cell antibody responses. PMID- 6965318 TI - Antibody to Thy-1 antigen injected into rat hypothalamus selectively inhibits carbamyl choline induced drinking. PMID- 6965320 TI - Oscillation of [Ca2+]i-linked K+ conductance in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cell is sensitive to intracellular anions. AB - The intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) regulates the K+ conductance (GK) of the many types of cell membrane. The Ca2+ influx during an action potential activates this [Ca2+]i-linked GK in most neurones. In caffeine-treated sympathetic ganglion cells, however, Ca2+ released from an intracellular Ca2+ reservoir site analogous to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of the muscle (see ref. 12) causes activation of the GK, which results in slow oscillatory hyperpolarisations (caffeine hyperpolarisation, C-hyperpolarisation). Such a release of Ca2+ linked to the GK of the membrane seems important for understanding the role of the intracellular organelles in the control of membrane activities of a neurone. We report here the mechanism of the slow oscillatory hyperpolarisations recorded from the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cell in Ringer solution. It is found that these hyperpolarisations are generated by a [Ca2+]i-linked GK system and are highly sensitive to anions in an intracellular recording electrode, probably to intracellular anions. PMID- 6965321 TI - Dorsal column stimulation: Effect on human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma catecholamines. AB - Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid catecholamines were measured in three patients with multiple sclerosis who had dorsal column stimulators placed at the T5-7 levels. Stimulation for 3 minutes and 20 minutes increased release of plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine, as well as norepinephrine into the cerebrospinal fluid. Neither dopamine nor epinephrine was released into the spinal fluid during or after stimulation. Percutaneous stimulation did not release catecholamines into the plasma or spnal fluid, suggesting that these findings were not simply related to sensory stimulation or stress. Plasma catecholamine levels were inconsistently correlated with pulse rate changes during and after stimulation but not with blood pressure, although the changes in pulse rate and blood pressure were relatively small compared to changes in plasma catecholamines. This study suggests that plasma catecholamines and spinal fluid norepinephrine reflect central activation of sympathetic nervous system pathways and are more reliable indicators of sympathetic activity than changes in cardiovascular function. PMID- 6965322 TI - Histiocytosis X: a review of 114 cases with oral involvement. AB - A review of 1,120 cases of histiocytosis X yielded 114 cases with oral involvement. Seventy-eight percent of the oral lesions in this series were categorized as monostotic or polyostotic eosinophilic granuloma. The great majority of cases occurred in males, with 40 percent of the lesions having developed before the patient had reached the age of 10 years. The mandible was involved in 73 percent of the cases, and the posterior jaw region was the predominant site. Extraoral involvement occurred in 70 percent, with the most common sites being the skull and lower extremity. The preferred treatment for oral lesions was surgical curettage, and the prognosis was generally very favorable, as evidenced by the over-all recurrence rate of 16 percent. PMID- 6965323 TI - Clinical uses of TENS. A survey of physical therapists. AB - A nationwide survey of physical therapy departments was conducted to investigate the clinical use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for patients with pain. The majority (64.8%) of the 196 respondents used TENS to relieve chronic pain (and, less frequently, acute pain) from a variety of disorders. Any one of eight modalities was reported to be used in conjunction with TENS for the same pain problems. Seven criteria were used to evaluate the effectiveness of TENS in relieving pain. Most clinicians applying TENS were satisfied with the effectiveness of the modality in relieving acute, chronic, and psychogenic pain. Pain relief with short-term use of TENS was more satisfactory than with long-term use. PMID- 6965324 TI - Postoperative thoracotomy. Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on forced vital capacity. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on patients who had undergone thoracotomies, using the objective physiological measurement of forced vital capacity. Twenty-one patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 11) or a control group (n = 10). Each group performed three trials of forced vital capacity testing over a 20 minute period. In addition, the experimental group was given a 10-minute treatment of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at the sites of greatest pain. The data indicated a statistically significant increase in forced vital capacity during the stimulation (p less than .01), suggesting that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation during application improves chest expansion and mobility in patients who have had thoracotomies. PMID- 6965325 TI - ECG-gated emission computed tomography of the cardiac blood pool. AB - ECG-gated cross-sectional images of the cardiac blood pool were produced using a specially constructed emission computed tomographic scanner. A pair of large field-of-view cameras were mounted in opposition in a gantry that rotates 360 degrees about the patient. The coordinates of each detected event, the output of a physiological synchronizer, and the position of the camera heads were input to a dedicated minicomputer which was used to produce the images. Display as a movie permitted evaluation of regional and global wall motion in cross section without the disadvantages of superimposed blood pools as obtained in nontomographic views. PMID- 6965326 TI - Transcatheter embolization of an esophageal artery for treatment of a bleeding esophageal ulcer. AB - Angiographic detection and control of bleeding into a distal esophageal ulcer is described in a 16-year-old girl with acute leukemia. Catheterization of an esophageal artery arising directly from the distal thoracic aorta allowed successful control of the hemorrhage. The arterial anatomy of the esophagus is described in detail. PMID- 6965327 TI - How to salvage a bleeding cirrhosis patient. Experiences in clinical problem solving. PMID- 6965328 TI - Mouse leukemia: therapy with monoclonal antibodies against a thymus differentiation antigen. AB - Monoclonal antibodies against a thymus cell differentiation antigen (Thy-1.1) were effective in the therapy of a transplanted mouse leukemia. Passive immunization resulted in high titers of cytotoxic antibody in the serum of treated mice and the suppression of metastatic tumor cells. The tumor-suppressive effects of the monoclonal antibodies were amplified by the administration of exogenous complement. This combined antibody and complement therapy resulted in the cure of leukemia in a significant proportion of the treated animals. PMID- 6965329 TI - Severe adhesive constrictive pericarditis after coronary artery bypass. AB - The patient described presented with typical clinical symptoms of constrictive pericarditis nine months after triple saphenous vein bypass. No cause could be found. Cardiac catheterization confirmed the clinical diagnosis. At pericardiectomy a severely thickened pericardium which was intimately adherent to the heart and great vessels made its resection technically impossible. PMID- 6965330 TI - A prospective randomized trial of the selective distal splenorenal shunt. AB - Distal splenorenal shunt has been compared in a prospective randomized way with end-to-side portacaval shunt in patients who have survived a major hemorrhage from esophageal varices. The operative mortality was higher after the elective shunt than after the portacaval shunt. However, most of these deaths occurred in the early phases of the study. Postoperative encephalopathy was significantly lower after the selective shunt than after the portacaval shunt. Follow-up studies to date show no significant difference in late survival. PMID- 6965331 TI - Carotid and noncoronary operations: simultaneous, staged, and delayed. AB - Carotid operation has been shown to be effective in the control of stroke in patients with asymptomatic bruits and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). This procedure also has been demonstrated to be effective in the control of this disorder when performed simultaneously with coronary artery bypass operations. Similar studies have been reported in patients submitted to other operations. This is a study of 130 patients who had first carotid artery operation and then 215 noncoronary operations. Simultaneous operation was performed in 42, staged in 40, and both in eight patients. In addition, 40 patients were submitted to operation over 3 months after carotid operations. TIAs and one stroke occurred after carotid operation but no deaths. The cumulative results were eight TIAs and three strokes. Only one patient died of stroke. Results were similar in all groups, and therefore it is thought that carotid operation reduces the incidence of stroke following these operations and that simultaneous procedures are feasible in the majority of cases on a selective basis. Moreover, carotid operation seems to protect patients from stroke after operation performed months later. PMID- 6965332 TI - Intraoperative localization of small bowel bleeding sites with combined use of angiographic methods and methylene blue injection. AB - Superselective catheter placement with angiographic techniques and methylene blue injection at laparotomy through a prepositioned angiographic catheter have helped to localize small bowel bleeding lesions. The technique has been applied successfully in two patients with arteriovenous malformations and one patient with bleeding mucosal ulcerations of the small bowel. PMID- 6965333 TI - Surgical versus medical therapy for treatment of unstable angina: changes in work status and family income. PMID- 6965334 TI - Pneumonia during therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The incidence of pneumonia was evaluated in 844 children undergoing initial treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A total of 310 episodes occurred in 239 patients followed up for five to 36 months after diagnosis. The peak incidences occurred in the periods 0 to 20 days and 40 to 80 days after the start of antileukemic therapy. Bacterial pneumonias occurred primarily during the first 20 days after diagnosis of ALL. No episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was noted before 40 days, and the majority of instances occurred 50 to 120 days after diagnosis. In 80% of all episodes, a specific causative organism was not detected. The incidence of P carinii pneumonia was greater in patients receiving intrathecal methotrexate as part of CNS prophylaxis than in those receiving only CNS irradiation. Pneumonia is a frequent event during the therapy of ALL in childhood. PMID- 6965335 TI - Prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia. Use of continuous sulfamethoxazole trimethroprim therapy. AB - Owing to a 15% attack rate of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (PCP) among the leukemic population of Riley Hospital, Indianapolis, a two-year study using continuous low-dosage sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim to prevent PCP was started in January 1977. A total of 229 pediatric cancer patients considered at high risk for getting PCP received prophylaxis, while 19 additonal low-risk cancer patients did not receive sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. None of these 248 patients contracted PCP. However, five cases of PCP did occur among ten additional high risk patients who failed to receive this preparation for a variety of reasons. Complications of the continuous prophylaxis program included neutropenia, rash, and gastrointestinal complaints. This study confirms that continuous, low-dosage sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim prophylaxis is effective in preventing PCP in susceptible immunosuppressed patients but is ineffective in eradicating the organism from the population at risk. PMID- 6965336 TI - Acute glossitis and septicemia owing to Haemophilus influenzae Type B. PMID- 6965337 TI - Laboratory tests in clinical immunology: a critique. PMID- 6965338 TI - Relationship of renal histopathology in SLE nephritis to immunoglobulin class of anti-DNA. AB - Using a newly-developed solid-phase radioimmunoassay for DNA-binding immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-DNA were measured in serums from 11 patients with active untreated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with nephritis. All patients underwent renal biopsy and were classified according to standard criteria as having diffuse or focal proliferative glomerulonephritis. Although both groups had almost identical total anti-DNA (13.1 versus 13.9 micrograms/ml, respectively), the IgM to IgG ratio was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the group with DPGN (7.51) than in the group with FPGN (1.10). We suggest that the switchover mechanism from IgM to IgG antibody production is more profoundly impaired in SLE with severe renal disease than in SLE with mild renal disease. PMID- 6965340 TI - Use of a monthly health review to ascertain illness and injuries. AB - A Monthly Health Review was developed to monitor symptoms, illnesses and injuries among Air Traffic Controllers. Return rate of the mailed check-list exceeded 90 per cent. Diagnoses were generated from symptom clusters by computer algorithms. Telephone interview by physicians, laboratory analyses for serum pepsinogen I, and analyses of relations between symptom clusters and degree of disability all served to support the validity of the methodology. Such a system can provide inexpensive surveillance of morbidity in suitable populations. PMID- 6965339 TI - Prevalence of prior hysterectomy in the Seattle-Tacoma area. AB - Hysterectomy is the most common major surgical procedure performed in the United States. The frequency of hysterectomy among women in the general population is of interest because it affects the population at risk for uterine diseases and because the procedure itself carries significant personal and socioeconomic consequences. We studied factors related to the occurrence of hysterectomy by interviewing a representative sample of women ages 35-74 (n= 1087) in two urban Washington counties during 1976-1977.One-third of the women studied had had a hysterectomy. Later birth cohorts were at higher risk. The ageadjusted prevalence of prior hysterectomy was negatively associated with education and age at first childbirth; it was positively associated with parity, history of irregular menses, and history of a variety of other health conditions. Contrary to expectation, income was negatively associated with hysterectomy rates in one county and showed no association in the other. Part of the income effect was due to confounding by age at first childbirth, which was a surprisingly strong predictive factor. WE CONCLUDE THAT: 1) despite economic predictions based on the discretionary nature of the procedure, hysterectomies are not necessarily more common among high-income women; 2) age at first childbirth may be a more important risk factor for uterine disease than previously thought; and 3) estimates of hysterectomy frequency based on clinic populations may be misleading. (Am J Public Health 70:40-47, 1980.) PMID- 6965342 TI - Value of colonoscopy in patients with rectal blood loss unexplained by rigid proctosigmoidoscopy and barium contrast enema examinations. AB - Total colonoscopy is the procedure of choice for patients with any amount of rectal blood loss unexplained by proctosigmoidoscopy and barium contrast enema examinations. In 168 endoscopic examinations, 46 unsuspected lesions in 39 patients (23 percent) were detected, 50 percent of which were 1 cm or greater in diameter. Considering that 30 percent of all unsuspected lesions, 100 percent of angiodysplastic abnormalities and 40 percent of unsuspected carcinomas were located proximal to the splenic flexure, emphasis is placed on the importance of examining the entire colon to the cecum. PMID- 6965341 TI - Hepatic pathology as a determinant of prognosis after portal decompression. AB - The status of 124 patients who had liver biopsies and underwent portal decompression was analyzed and correlated with certain clinical features and hepatic histologic findings. Child risk class, the urgency of operation, the presence of many Mallory bodies, the presence of cirrhosis and the cause of portal hypertension as determined histologically were found to correlate with prognosis. The estimate of hepatic reserve by Child risk class system and the presence of many Mallory bodies were found to have an independent predictive value. The observed differences in prognosis determined by other factors may be accounted for by variations in hepatic reserve. The presence of few or many Mallory bodies appears to be a contraindication to urgent operative portal decompression because of an exceedingly high mortality rate. In addition, the presence of many Mallory bodies regardless of Child class appears to correlate with a poor diagnosis. Since Mallory bodies may occur in all Child risk classes, preoperative liver biopsy is recommended whenever feasible to better define the actual operative risk of any portal decompressive procedure. PMID- 6965343 TI - Increased skin temperature during transcutaneous electrical stimulation. AB - Conflicting reports have appeared in the literature concerning the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on skin temperature. This report studied 33 patients with chronic pain involving one extremity (13 upper, 20 lower) to determine whether changes in sympathetic tone, as reflected in skin temperature, occurred in response to electrical stimulation of painful areas. Stimulation was carried out for 20 to 45 minutes. Skin temperatures were measured from the thumbs or great toes of stimulated and contralateral extremities before and during stimulation. Skin temperature rose 2.5 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SEM) in both the ipsilateral and contralateral extremity in patients who experienced relief of pain during stimulation. There was no significant change in skin temperature in patients who experienced no relief. PMID- 6965344 TI - Hemorrhage from a Meckel's diverticulum: one case with heterotopic gastric mucosa treated with cimetidine. AB - The first known use of the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine (Tragamet) in a case of a Meckel's diverticulum containing heterotopic gastric mucosa with ileal ulcertaion and hemorrhage is reported. The interim use of cimetidine facilitated the performance of elective diverticulectomy for the indication of life threatening hemorrhage. PMID- 6965345 TI - Failure of fixation suppression of caloric nystagmus and ocular motor abnormalities. AB - Caloric nystagmus is substantially suppressed by visual fixation. The degree of suppression of caloric nystagmus is influenced by the condition of visual fixation. We studied the percent reduction in slow-phase velocity of caloric nystagmus by visual fixation and certain abnormalities in optokinetic nystagmus, smooth pursuit, and maintenance of ocular position of gaze in 38 patients with disorders of the CNS. The inability to suppress caloric nystagmus by visual fixation correlated with reduction in optokinetic nystagmus, deficit in smooth pursuit eye movements, and presence of gaze nystagmus. It seems probable that modulation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is influenced by the same mechanisms that are concerned with optokinetic nystagmus, maintenance of ocular position of gaze, and smooth pursuit eye movements. PMID- 6965346 TI - Direct stimulation by purified GM-CSF of the proliferation of multipotential and erythroid precursor cells. PMID- 6965347 TI - Dual B and T markers in acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Leukemic cells from 20 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 60 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were studied for T- and B lymphocyte cell surface membrane markers. B-cell markers included surface membrane immunoglobulin, erythrocyte-antibody complement rosette formation, and B cell (a-like or HLA-DR) antigens detected by a B-cell antiserum. T-cell markers included spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosette formation and a cytotoxic reaction to a specific T-cell antiserum. Seven patients with CLL and two with ALL had dual B and T markers. We propose that dual B- and T-cell markers are more common in CLL and ALL patients than previously reported. With newer and more sensitive tests for identification of B and T cells, this observation may be recognized more frequently. PMID- 6965348 TI - Receptors for peanut agglutinin (Arachus hypogea) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: possible clinical significance. AB - The presence of lymphocyte receptors for peanut agglutinin in significant numbers (greater than 15%) was identified on leukemic cells from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) (3/4), B-cell ALL (B-ALL) (2/4), null cell ALL (8/17), and on normal fetal thymic lymphocytes but not on normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding was blocked specifically on leukemia lymphoblasts and thymic lymphocytes by the addition of galactose to the medium. When all immunologic subgroups of ALL are combined, preliminary data suggest that of the 13 ALL patients having greater than 15% PNA-positive lymphoblasts, 8 had relapsed, whereas none of the 12 ALL patients with less than 15% PNA-positive cells have recurrent disease at this time. It is likely that analysis of PNA receptors on ALL lymphoblasts may be a useful adjunct to the existing clinical and immunologic prognostic indicators. PMID- 6965350 TI - Selective binding of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein to human platelets. AB - The factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein was radiolabeled after modification by galactose oxidase and reduction with tritiated potassium borohydride. This mild efficient method for labeling resulted in retention of over 90% of the biologic activities of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein. Binding of this protein to platelets was found to be specific, and binding sites could be saturated in the presence of ristocetin. However, binding was highly dependent on ristocetin concentration, as the number of human factor VIII/von Willebrand factor molecules bound per platelet was a function of the ristocetin concentration. At a ristocetin concentration of 0.55 mg/ml, each platelet binds approximately 11,000 factor VIII/von Willebrand factor molecules per platelet. Scatchard analysis of the concentration-dependent binding sites yielded a hyperbolic plot that appeared to be related to the existence of two classes of binding sites. The higher affinity class had a Kd of 3.7 x 10(-10) M 3500 sites/platelet, while the lower affinity class had a Kd of 2.35 x 10(-9) M and a capacity of 7500 sites/platelet. As with ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination, the carbohydrate content plays a significant role in the binding of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein to the platelet. PMID- 6965349 TI - Cyclic oscillation of blood neutrophils in a patient with multiple myeloma. AB - A patient with multiple myeloma developed periodic blood neutropenia (periodicity of 15-25 days) after 3 yr of intermittent treatment with cytotoxic agents. Peaks of serum colony-stimulating activity (CSA) level coincided with valleys of blood neutrophils. Fraction of marrow neutrophils in the multiplicative pool was high during blood neutrophil valleys and low during neutrophil peaks. In contrast, the maturation storage pool exhibited the reverse pattern. An increased fraction of marrow neutrophilic cells in the multiplicative pool was in active proliferation during a blood neutrophil valley and a decreased fraction during a blood neutrophil peak. These findings suggest that the marrow granulopoiesis was regulated through CSA. The defect causing the periodicity was probably related to the reduced number of neutrophils in the marrow maturation storage pool, which in turn may be related to a reduced and/or defective granulocytic stem cell pool size consequent to the long-term administration of cytotoxic drugs and/or infiltration of the marrow by myeloma cells. PMID- 6965351 TI - Individual cell-by-cell quantitation of lymphocyte surface membrane Ig in normal and CLL lymphocyte and during ontogeny of mouse B lymphocytes by immunoperoxidase assay. AB - A new quantitative immunoperoxidase method is presented for determining absolute amounts of peroxidase and, consequently, surface antigen densities of individual cells in B lymphocytes from normal individuals, from subjects with CLL and prolymphocytic leukemia, and during ontogeny of B lympocytes in the mouse. The following results were observed: (1) The density of B antigenic sites were lower on CLL than on normal B lymphocytes. (2) The B antigens density of leukemic lymphocytes varied less from cell to cell, forming a homogeneous peak on histograms. (3) In a very rare case of CLL, the antigen density was measured at the time of initial diagnosis (22,500 sites or 647 U) and during the development of a blastic crisis (135,000 sites or 2576 U). The cell by cell distribution changed from a homogeneous peak with a low number of antigenic sites per cell to a heterogeneous peak with a high number of antigenic sites per cell. (4) In prolymphocytic leukemia, the density of B antigenic sites was greater than on normal B lymphocytes and much more heterogeneous than on CLL lymphocytes. (5) During ontogeny of B lymphocytes in the mouse, maturation is associated with the appearance of a population of cells of intermediate to high Smig density. The finding of a decrease in, and altered distribution of, surface markers in CLL is compared with these ontologic findings in the mouse, and the concept that a monoclonal B lymphocyte in CLL may be arrested at a particular stage in its differentiation is discussed. PMID- 6965352 TI - Changing patterns of lymphocyte circulation during development. AB - Despite the absence of antibody, immunoglobulin, and extrinsic antigen, the output of T- and B-lymphocytes from single lymph nodes and the intestines in the sheeep fetus increases exponentially over the last third of gestation. The fetus possesses a huge pool of recirculating lymphocytes which have the same blood to lymph transit time through lymph nodes as adult sheep. A subpopulation of intestinal lymphocytes which migrates preferentially through the small intestines of adult sheep was not found in the fetus. The sheep fetus is immunologically virgin, so fetal recirculating lymphocytes cannot be memory cells nor can they be dependent on antigen for their development. PMID- 6965353 TI - Cytodifferentiation of the supraoptic nucleus correlated with vasopressin synthesis in the rat. AB - This study demonstrates that neurons in the supraoptic nucleus attain many of the prerequisites for functional activity prior to birth. Immunoassayable vasopressin (VP) was detected in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) of the rat as early as 17 days post-coitus (dpc). Vasopressin concentrations increased 3--6 fold daily from an average of 21 pg/animal on 17 dpc to 5984 pg/animal at 21 dpc. The daily increases were highly significant (P less than 0.001). Between 21 dpc and the morning of the day of birth on 22 dpc, a further significant increase (P less than 0.05) occurred to a mean level of 9672 pg VP/animal. Birth usually occurred on the afternoon of the 22nd day. Parturition did not seem to deplete VP stores in the HNS. Differentiation of the magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic nucleus closely paralleled the appearance and increases in VP. It was first possible to dintinguish a supraopic nucleus in the 17 dpc rat and to identify dense core granules in the developing neurons of the nucleus. Cytodifferentiation of the magnocellular neurons was essentially complete by 21 dpc. Synaptic contacts could not be found on the soma and dendrites of the supraoptic neurons until 21 dpc and were extremely rare throughout the period examined. PMID- 6965354 TI - Detailed pathways of the raphe dorsalis neuron to the cerebral cortex with use of horseradish peroxidase-3,3' ,5,' tetramethyl benzidine reaction as a tool for the fiber tracing technique. PMID- 6965355 TI - Circulating levels of pregnancy specific beta 1 glycopretein in patients with testicular, bronchogenic and breast carcinomas. AB - Pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) was measured in plasma from patients with carcinoma of the breast (42 patients), lung (32 patients, and testis (9 patients). Elevated circulating levels of SP1 were detected in one patient from each group. PMID- 6965356 TI - Immunodepression, a noncontributor to radiation-induced leukemogenesis of the RFM mouse. AB - Following a single acute exposure to 300 R of X-rays at 6 weeks old, approximately 65% of female RFM mice die of thymic lymphoma during the first year of life. In contrast, nonirradiated animals do not die of this neoplasm during this same period. To determine if immediate immunological restoration is of significance in interrupting the inductive process, we injected 50 X 10(6) syngeneic spleen or bone marrow cells into these animals immediately following X irradiation. Restoration of immunocompetence as measured by both humoral and cell mediated parameters was more rapid in spleen cell-reconstituted animals than in bone marrow-treated animals; however, spleen cells failed to protect the mice against the irradiation-induced thymic lymphomas. In contrast, although there was no significant difference in the immunological recovery of bone marrow reconstituted animals and animals that received only irradiation, mortality was dramatically reduced as a result of marrow injection. Therefore, although immunodepression is an inherent component, it cannot be considered as a critical obligatory requirement in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced thymic lymphomas of RFM mice. PMID- 6965357 TI - Enhancement of growth of a mouse macrophage cell line by a tumor promoter and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. PMID- 6965358 TI - T-cell differentiation in lethally irradiated and reconstituted mice. PMID- 6965359 TI - H-2-restricted T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity: rediscovering allo-H-2-reactivity? PMID- 6965360 TI - Cellular cooperation in lymphocyte activation. IV. Requirement of cell-to-cell interaction for the activation of human T and B lymphocytes by protein A. PMID- 6965361 TI - Rabbit T cells with and without Fc receptors. PMID- 6965363 TI - Cyclization of T-cell helper activity. PMID- 6965362 TI - Mechanisms of corticosteroid action on lymphocyte subpopulations. VI. Lack of correlation between glucocorticosteroid receptors and the differential effects of glucocorticosteroids on T-cell subpopulations. PMID- 6965364 TI - Prognostic value of a single exercise test 3 weeks after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. PMID- 6965365 TI - Regional assessment of myocardial metabolic integrity in vivo by positron emission tomography with 11C-labeled palmitate. PMID- 6965366 TI - Hemophilus influenzae type B pneumonia with pneumatocele formation. PMID- 6965367 TI - Extensive myocardial blood flow distribution through individual coronary artery bypass grafts. AB - The regional myocardial perfusion distribution of coronary artery bypass grafts were studied in 61 patients who received 162 grafts. Selective intragraft instillations of radioactive-labeled macroaggregated albumin particles were used to study perfusion. The extent of individual graft perfusion was assessed in 100 patent grafts. Regional myocardial blood flow distribution was similar to the blood flow distribution of the native vessel receiving the graft in 64 of 100 grafts and less than that expected of the native vessel in 12 grafts. However, 24 grafts demonstrated a blood flow distribution pattern which extended beyond the normal distribution expected of the native vessel receiving the graft. This extensive perfusion could be attributed to collateral vessels or retrograde flow. A high incidence of both graft and native vessel occlusion was found in areas receiving blood from these distant grafts with extensive distributions (16/24), and left ventricular wall motion was preserved or significantly improved postoperatively in 28/31 segments in such areas. When comparing angiographic and scintigraphic methods of evaluating myocardial perfusion, the angiogram underestimated the full extent of graft blood flow distribution in 13 of 24 instances (54 percent). PMID- 6965369 TI - [Cellular sensitization against gluten in coeliac disease (author's transl)]. AB - The leucocyte-adherence inhibition test was used on 24 patients with malabsorption syndrome, results being compared with those from patients with enteritis of other causes, and those with normal gastro-intestinal tract in order to test cellular gluten sensitization. The test makes it possible to distinguish between gluten-induced and non-gluten induced enteritis. There was a significant linear correlation to inflammatory activity as determined by biopsy as well as reduction in villous length and the villi-crypt index. The results suggest a primary T-cell dependent gluten (or gliadin) sensitization in the aetiology of coeliac disease. PMID- 6965368 TI - [Post-transfusional hepatitis B: a solvable problem? (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-four patients with haemophilia A or von Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome were followed for three years. They received about 28 000 cryoprecipitate produced in the author's laboratories, without a single case of hepatitis B. There were seven among these patients who had no antibodies against surface antigen: they had received a total of 2533 cryoprecipitate. There were no seroconversion or transaminase changes in comparison with values before cryoprecipitates. PMID- 6965370 TI - Characteristics of postural instability induced by ischemic blocking of leg afferents. AB - After minimizing proprioceptive input from the legs by ischemia without degradation of muscle force and excluding visual stabilization by eye closure, a characteristic anterior-posterior postural sway around 1 Hz was observed in three normal subjects. This is similar to the instability seen in two tabes dorsalis patients. From the spectral analysis of head and hip movements, displacements of the center of force and of ankle angle as well as from EMG recordings of the anterior tibial and gastrocnemius muscle it is concluded that the oscillations around 1 Hz are due to the long latency and high threshold of vestibularly induced leg muscle discharges (200-300 ms) arriving in the counterbalancing phase of the trunk, which causes an overshoot in body sway. PMID- 6965371 TI - Transfer factor in mycosis fungoides: three years experience. AB - 13 patients with clinically and histologically verified mycosis fungoides were treated with transfer factor as additional therapy to the hitherto conventional treatment after this had failed. After approximately 3 years, complete remission was present in 3 patients, 4 patients were significantly improved and registered as being in partial remission, while the condition was registered as no change in 3 patients. 1 patient was found worse, 1 patient had died after discontinuation of therapy and 1 patient was out of the study. In this case treatment was withdrawn because of the development of contact urticaria to nitrogen mustard, her basic therapy. The number of T lymphocytes, which was low prior to treatment, increased to normal values during the therapeutic period. During the first year a decrease in serum IgE was noted. The results of the clinical evaluation seem to indicate that transfer factor may be of value as an additional therapeutic agent in mycosis fungoides. Controlled investigations are needed and are in progress. PMID- 6965372 TI - Woringer-Kolopp disease. AB - For the purpose of describing a new case of the Woringer-Kolopp disease, we are up-dating the problem and its classification and contributing clinical, histopathological, and ultrastructural facts which show that this is a lymphoma of the T cells and therefore should be classified along with the mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome. The identification test of the lymphocytes and the ultrastructural study bring to light new facts of this disease. PMID- 6965373 TI - The Sezary cell in the blood of patients with mycosis fungoides. AB - A study of 96 patients with an original diagnosis of mycosis fungoides revealed that 84 did not have circulating Sezary cells. Of the 12 patients with Sezary cells, only 3 had more than 15%. The 12 patients had benign and malignant skin diseases. The Sezary cell does not seem to have any importance in the pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides. PMID- 6965375 TI - Somatostatin bleeding esophageal varices: peer review, anyone? PMID- 6965374 TI - Familial occurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with hypergammaglobulinemia in descendants: a family study. AB - Four sisters out of 6 suffered from primary biliary cirrhosis. Their fathed raised immunoglobulin levels without signs of any disease. Australia antigen was not found in the patients or their relatives. It is suggested that these observations indicate a genetic predisposition to immunologic abnormalities manifesting itself as a familial lack of immunoglobulin control. PMID- 6965376 TI - Development of delayed hypersensitivity in gnotobiotic mice. AB - Germ-free mice develop low levels of delayed hypersensitivity following exposure to sensitizing doses of sheep erythrocytes, compared to that seen in conventionally raised mice. Infection of the germ-free animal with either Salmonella gallinarum or Salmonella pullorum was followed by extensive growth of the organisms within the intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid organs. As many as 5,000 viable Salmonellae were recovered from the cecal and ileal Peyer's patches as well as the mesenteric lymph nodes. However, neither strain spread significantly beyond the lymph nodes to the blood stream or to the liver and spleen. The gnotobiotic mice developed significant levels of delayed hypersensitivity to the Salmonella protein antigen and could be more readily sensitized to sheep erythrocytes than the germ-free host, despite the fact that Salmonellae were only able to infect the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. PMID- 6965377 TI - Preparation of antisera specific for guinea pig B cells. AB - Heterologous antisera against guinea pig B lymphocytes have been prepared in rabbits. Sera, obtained 1 week after a third injection of cells from a guinea pig leukemic B cell line (L2C), were absorbed with guinea pig and sheep erythrocytes and guinea pig thymocytes. In the presence of complement, selected antisera killed both L2C cells (85%) and B cells from Hartley outbred guinea pigs (85%). Normal rabbit serum kills guinea pig thymocytes and this ability was enhanced in the sera obtained from rabbits immunized with L2C cells. After three absorptions with thymocytes the antisera retained their cytotoxicity for B cells but did not kill guinea pig thymocytes or peripheral T lymphocytes. The antigenic determinants on the L2C cells that simulate anti-B cell activity are unknown but surface membrane immunoglobulins were excluded. The development of methodology for obtaining a potent and specific anti-guinea pig B cell serum should significantly improve the usefulness of guinea pigs as animals for in vitro studies. PMID- 6965378 TI - Use of immunoglobulin-loaded protein A-bearing staphylococci as a primary solid phase immunoadsorbent in radioimmunoassay. AB - Protein A-bearing formalinized heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus bind rabbit 125I-IgG with high capacity of IgG for antigen. The affinity of immobilized IgG for antigen is equal to the affinity of soluble antibody, and the capacity for antigen approximates the capacity of soluble antibody for antigen. 125I-IgG bound to high affinity sites on bacteria is not substantially displaced in the presence of human serum after 4 h at 4 degrees C, but rabbit immunoglobulin can displace bound rabbit IgG. Protein A-bearing bacteria which have adsorbed IgG free from protease activity in antiserum provide a stable, sensitive, primary solid phase adsorbent with unique features for radioimmunoassay. Sedimentation characteristics of bacteria permit facile separation of bound from free ligand by centrifugation of the primary antibody. Immunoglobulin-loaded staphylococci can adsorb ligand from serum, simultaneously purifying and concentrating ligands for measurement in a single subsequent step. Immunoglobulin-bearing bacteria can be used directly in biological fluids containing immunoglobulin, such as serum and culture media. Improved economy of staphylococci, low nonspecific binding, high functional capacity, stability, and unique characteristics of radioimmunoassay using immunoglobulin-loaded staphylococci compare favorably with conventional solid phase adsorbents. PMID- 6965380 TI - Early development and migration of the trigeminal motor nucleus in the chick embryo. AB - The development of the trigeminal motor nucleus in the chick embryo was studied using autoradiographic, cell staining, fiber staining, and axonal transport techniques. It was found that this nucleus arises very early in neurogenesis, with the first cells produced at 48 hours of incubation (stage 12), peak cell production at 50--56 hours (stage 15), and neuroblast proliferation completed by 72 hours (stage 18). As has been described in mammalian embryos, the primordial trigeminal cells move from the ventricular layer to accumulate as part of the common medial column, and later migrate in a ventrolateral direction to form the definitive lateral motor nucleus. The first identifiable component of the trigeminal system is the semilunar ganglion, which flanks the neural tube at stage 12, and sends afferents into the metencephalon by stage 13. By stage 12-13, the medial column cells are first apparent, and at stage 14, a few of these medial column cells have moved to begin formation of a lateral nucleus. At this time, a thin motor root can be seen exiting the brainstem. During subsequent stages, migratory traffic from medial to lateral regions increases, with cells frequently moving in association with fiber processes in the marginal zone. These fibers are presumed to emanate from secondary sensory, reticular, and medial column neuroblasts. By day 5, the medial column is greatly depleted and by day 6- 7, the definitive lateral motor nucleus is formed. Beginning at 5 days, the dorsal motor nucleus can be detected, with cells from the lateral nucleus appearing to stream in a dorsomedial direction for its formation. Injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the mandibular process of the first visceral arch resulted in retrograde labeling of lateral nucleus cells as early as 3.5 days of incubation. In addition, migrating cells, intermediate between medial column and lateral nucleus, were similarly labeled. These observations indicate that processes of the lateral nucleus cells and those of migrating cells are well into their peripheral field at this age, but we cannot conclude that neuromuscular affiliations have been established, due to the possibility of HRP diffusion and growth cone uptake. PMID- 6965379 TI - Basophil production. AB - Factors influencing basophil production from the bone marrow of ovalbumin (OA) sensitized guinea pigs have been examined in vitro. Autologous co-cultures of marrow and spleen cells from OA-immune animals contained significantly higher numbers of basophils after 7 d of liquid culture in the presence of OA, compared with control co-cultures or with marrow cultures alone (P < 0.005). Basophils increased in co-culture as the number of spleen cells added to a fixed number of marrow cells was increased from 0.10 to 2.5 x 10(6)/ml; at each spleen cell concentration, the presence of OA significantly enhanced basophil production in vitro when compared with unstimulated co-cultures. There was no basophil production from spleen cell suspensions cultured in the absence of autologous marrow cells. Conditioned media (CM) prepared from OA-stimulated spleen cells of OA-treated animals (CM-OA) caused a specific stimulation of basophil production from normal guinea pig bone marrow cells in liquid cultures (P < 0.01). Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- and pokeweed mitogen-stimulated CM (CM-PHA, CM-pokeweed mitogen) nonspecifically enhanced normal basophilopoiesis, causing dose-dependent increases in basophils and histamine in vitro. CM-OA and CM-PHA also preferentially stimulated formation of neutrophil-macrophage colony-forming units in semisolid methylcellulose cultures.CM-PHA prepared from T cell-enriched splenic cell suspensions contained basophil-stimulating activity, whereas T cell depleted CM-PHA activity did not exceed control values (P < 0.01). Preliminary characterization of CM-PHA revealed that basophil-stimulating activity was predominantly heat stable and nondialyzable. These results demonstrate OA specific, as well as mitogen-dependent T-cell regulation of guinea pig basophilopoiesis in vitro. The data are compatible with the existence of a specific "basophilopoietin" in CM derived from guinea pig splenic T cells. PMID- 6965381 TI - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity against Trichomonas vaginalis in the mouse. I. Tissue, strain, age distribution, and some characteristics of the effector cells. PMID- 6965383 TI - IgE-B cell generating factor from lymph node cells of rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. III. Regulation of factor formation by anti immunoglobulin. PMID- 6965384 TI - The role of the spleen in tumor growth kinetics of the murine B cell leukemia (BCL1). AB - BCL1 is a transplantable B cell leukemia resembling human chronic lymphocytic leukemia-lymphoma maintained by cell passage in BALB/c mice. After BCL1 inoculation (10(7) cells), all mice developed extreme B lymphocytosis in the blood (less than or equal to 440,000 lymphocytes/mm3) and marked splenomegaly (50 times normal nucleated cell numbers). BCL1 infiltrated the spleen before peripheral leukemia was overt (3 days vs 28 days, respectively). BCL1 development in splenectomized mice was characterized by a delayed onset of leukemia (greater than 20,000 cells/ mm3 at 59 vs 28 days in intact mice), doubled median survival (102 vs 53 days, respectively), and reduced peak level of leukemic counts in the blood (125,000 vs 440,000 cells/mm3). Early splenectomy at different time intervals, ranging between 1 hr to 3 days after BCL1 inoculation, significantly delayed onset of the disease and prolonged survival, indicating that homing to the spleen occurred as early as 1 hr after inoculation. Splenectomy at 7 days still delayed onset of leukemia but did not affect survival. No significant effect on BCL1 kinetics was noticed when splenectomy was done on day 21. All splenectomized mice showed significantly lower peripheral blood counts as compared to intact mice (98,000/mm3 vs 440,000/mm3, respectively). The data show that the spleen plays a major role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of BCL1. PMID- 6965382 TI - Ability of NZW but not NZB antigen-presenting cells to support T cell proliferative response to DNA methylated albumin. AB - The genetic contribution of the parental NZB and NZW mouse to the antigen induced, macrophage-dependent, lymph node T cell proliferative response to d-DNA mBSA was studied in F1 hybrid NZB/NZW (B/W) mice. Mice were immunized subcutaneously in the tail with denatured DNA-methylated BSA. Primed T cells from these mice were obtained after passage of immune periaortic and inguinal lymph node cells through nylon wool. The primed T cells were exposed in vitro to d-DNA mBSA presented on spleen cells from BALB/c, DBA/2, NZB, NZW, or B/W mice. Immune B/W T cells gave a substantial proliferative response only in the presence of antigen-presenting cells from B/W or NZW mice. These results suggest that the response of B/W mice to DNA occurs primarily through the NZW H-2 haplotype of their own antigen-presenting cells. PMID- 6965385 TI - Restriction of antigen recognition in mouse B lymphocytes by genes mapping within the major histocompatibility complex. AB - B cells, like T cells, show genetic restrictions in their interactions with other cells. B cells from (C3H/HeJ X C57BL/6J)F1 mice were stimulated with foreign antigen (sheep erythrocytes, SRBC) in parental-strain irradiated hosts. They could be subsequently activated to antibody formation in vitro by SRBC presented on cells of the same parental type, and much less by SRBC on cells of the other parental type. The restriction was seen whether antigen was presented on macrophages or by activated T cells. Experiments with congenic mice showed that the restriction was controlled by the MHC locus. Restriction of F1 B cells to responsiveness against either parental haplotype was much more readily induced in bone marrow than in splenic populations. This restriction could be broken down by giving the irradiated host a second injection of antigen 3 weeks after the first; this probably reflects "reeducation" of the F1 B cells by SRBC associated with donor, F1-type macrophages. Normal unprimed spleen B cells also showed a strong preference for activation by SRBC in association with syngeneic activated T cells. PMID- 6965387 TI - Characterization of in vitro T lymphocyte colonies from normal mouse spleen cells: colonies containing cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors. AB - The functional activity of T cell colonies grown from normal murine spleen cells has been examined. Up to 75% of the T cell colonies contain cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors (CLP). One out of three colonies contains CLP, which can respond to a given foreign H-2 haplotype. The CLP from the T cell colonies appear identical to the CLP in lymph node tissues in their degree of cross-reactivity and requirement for accessory cells. The effector cells produced were shown to be T lymphocytes. Karyotypic analysis of the cells in colonies grown from a mixture of T6-marked and normal spleen cells indicated that individual colonies were formed from an initial small aggregate of cells. Radiation survival data indicated that the colony-forming unit contains three or fewer proliferating cells. PMID- 6965386 TI - Differentiation of Thy 1-bearing cells from progenitors in long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - Lone-term marrow cultures, established according to the technique described by Dexter, contain a colony-forming cell (CFU-T) that produces Thy 1-positive progeny after stimulation with PHA-induced conditioned medium from human leukocytes. When 10(-7) M hydrocortisone is added to the medium for the long-term cultures CFU-T can be maintained in vitro for at least 16 weeks. Cells from individual colonies lack precursors for cytotoxic lymphocytes but can provide nonspecific help required for the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. PMID- 6965389 TI - The role of insulin in the response of murine T lymphocytes to mitogenic stimulation in vitro. AB - The ability of insulin to influence the responsiveness of murine T lymphocytes in a culture system containing a serum substitute was documented. The presence of insulin was found to enhance the concanavalin A (Con A) reactivity of the lymphocytes. Once the cells were activated by a short-term exposure to Con A, insulin was capable of replacing Con A for the continued stimulation of the cells. This was true both for lymphocyte proliferation and for the generation of nonspecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The presence or absence of insulin was not found to influence the phytohemagglutinin responsiveness of the T lymphocytes. Possible reasons for the observed results are discussed in relation to a proposed model for lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6965388 TI - Surface antigens of murine hemopoietic stem cells. II. Rosetting method used to compare the cross-reactivity of antisera against mouse brain, sperm, and testis cells with bone marrow stem cells and progenitor cells. PMID- 6965390 TI - A restricted component of T cell help in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated humans peripheral blood cell cultures. AB - Limiting dilution analyses using human T and B cells from the peripheral blood of individuals recently (2 to 5 weeks) boosted with tetanus toxoid or a combination of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were performed in order to investigate the specificity of T cell help during in vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. Limiting numbers of irradiated T cells were added to an excess of B cells and their ability to help 1) IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibody or 2) IgG anti-tetanus toxoid and IgG antidiphtheria toxoid antibody production were compared. The helper activity for anti-tetanus toxoid antibody production did not dilute out at the same point as help for total IgG production. Cultures were observed at limiting dilutions of added helper T cells that produced anti-tetanus toxoid IgG or anti-diphtheria toxoid IgG but not both even though a sufficient number of potential specific IgG-producing B cells were present. A distribution analysis of the IgG anti-tetanus and IgG anti-diphtheria helper T cells indicated that the two subpopulations did not segregate together. Thus in the presence of PWM, individual helper T cells appeared capable of supplying help for a restricted number of B cells. PMID- 6965391 TI - Hydroxyurea kills B cell precursors and markedly reduces functional B cell activity in mouse bone marrow. PMID- 6965392 TI - The augmentation of in vitro and in vivo tumor-specific T cell-mediated immunity by amplifier T lymphocytes. PMID- 6965393 TI - The mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. I. Killing by murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes requires cell surface thiols and activated proteases. PMID- 6965394 TI - Characterization of murine colony-forming B cells. II. Limits to in vitro maturation, Lyb-2 expression, resolution of IgD+ subsets, and further population analysis. PMID- 6965395 TI - Role of accessory cells in B cell activation. I. Macrophage presentation of TNP Ficoll: evidence for macrophage-B cell interaction. AB - The importance of cell interaction for thymic independent antigen responses has not been widely appreciated. The present report demonstrates, however, that macrophage-B cell interaction may be an important feature of B ce-l activation for the response to at least one polysaccharide thymic independent antigen, TNP Ficoll. Experiments were performed demonstrating that a strict accessory cell requirement exists for the thymic independent response to soluble TNP-Ficoll, and that such accessory cells are both adherent and phagocytic, that is, macrophages. It was further demonstrated that macrophages could be pulsed with TNP-Ficoll and that these pulsed macrophages could activate B cells to respond, but only if the pulsed macrophages were viable. Thus, one function that macrophages can fulfill in responses to TNP-Ficoll is the specific function of antigen presentation. Such presentation of TNP-Ficoll by macrophages to B cells suggests that the antigen may not be activating B cells directly, and raises the possibility that the interaction of B cells and macrophages might be genetically restricted. PMID- 6965396 TI - Depletion of monocytes from human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes: comparison of the sephadex G-10 column method with other commonly used techniques. PMID- 6965397 TI - Thymic requirement for cyclical idiotypic and reciprocal anti-idiotypic immune responses to a T-independent antigen. AB - The role of the thymus in the cyclical appearance of the dominant idiotype of the myeloma protein secreted by the TEPC-15 plasmacytoma (T-15)-bearing plaque forming cells (PFC) and anti-idiotypic cells (i.e., cells with receptors for T 15) in the spleen during a primary response to the phosphorylcholine determinant of Streptococcus pneumoniae, strain R36a (Pn) was studied using normal mice, thymus-deficient nude mice, and thymus gland-grafted nude mice (TG-nude). The nude mice and their phenotypically normal littermates (LM) were backcrossed on the BALB/c genetic background. The kinetics of the anti-Pn PFC response of BALB/c inbred mice, littermates of nude mice, and TG-nude mice were essentially the same. There was an initial peak on day 5-6 followed by a decline to near background, and then a second peak on day 12. In nude mice, the first peak of anti-Pn PFC (day 5) was comparable in magnitude to that of mice with an intact thymus; however, there was no second peak. In contrast to the cellular response measured at the level of PFC, the serum antibody response to Pn (assayed by passive hemagglutination of sheep erythrocytes coated with Pn polysaccharide) was comparable in all groups of mice and did not show a measurable oscillation. The anti-idiotypic cellular activity was determined by the ability of spleen cells to bind radiolabeled (125I) TEPC-15 myeloma protein (IgA, kappa) which carries an idiotypic determinant indistinguishable from that of most anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies in BALB/c mice. Binding of radiolabeled McPC-603 (IgA, kappa) and MOPC 315 (IgA, lambda 2) myeloma proteins (which lack the T-15 idiotypic determinant) served as controls. The changes in T-15 binding by splenic lymphocytes following the Pn immunization differed between normal and athymic mice. BALB/c, LM, and TG nude mice showed a biphasic pattern with peaks at days 3--4 and 10--11 that was nearly reciprocal to the PFC curve. On the other hand, T-15 binding in nude mice either declined and remained depressed or was not affected by the ongoing anti-Pn response. These observations demonstrate that mature T cells are required for cyclical idiotypic and anti-idiotypic responses to immunization with a T independent antigen and suggest that the cyclical immune response may result from an interaction between idiotypic and anti-idiotypic cell clones. PMID- 6965399 TI - Ontogenic development of B-lymphocyte function and tolerance susceptibility in vivo and in an in vitro organ culture system. AB - The maturation of B-lymphocyte function during fetal development was studied in vivo and in an in vitro organ culture system. The results indicated that the progenitors for 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)-specific B cells are present as early as 14 d of gestation in liver and possibly as early as 15 d in spleen. In addition, it was found that the organ culture system supports the development of B lymphocytes as measured by an increase in both the percentage of surface immunoglobulin-positive cells and the frequency of clonable DNP-specific B cells after culturing. The majority of anti-DNP-secreting clones resulting from the antigenic stimulation of fetal B cells produced only the IgM isotype, and the ability to secrete the IgG isotypes increased as a function of gestational age. Because fetal DNP precursors from spleens and livers that had been incubated in organ culture resulted in a greater proportion of clones secreting IgG compared with age-matched uncultured controls, it was concluded that the maturation with regard to the ability to secrete IgG can occur in vitro. In studies relating to the ontogenetic development of tolerance susceptibility, it was found that up to one-half of the DNP-specific B-cell precursors from livers and spleens less than 18 or 19 d of gestation were resistant to tolerogen treatment for 24 h as if in a pretolerant phase. However, if tolerogen were present for 3--5 d during organ culture there was near total elimination of potential DNP clones. This finding suggested that the 24-h induction period was insufficient for affecting the DNP specific precursors in livers and spleens from the earlier gestational ages, and that a proportion of precursors could subsequently form DNP clones in the splenic focus assay after the removal of tolerogen. PMID- 6965398 TI - Restriction specificities, alloreactivity, and allotolerance expressed by T cells from nude mice reconstituted with H-2-compatible or -incompatible thymus grafts. AB - Congenitally thymusless nude mice that lacked functional T cells were reconstituted with H-2-compatible or -incompatible thymus grafts taken from either fetal, newborn, or adult mice and transplanted under the kidney capsule or subcutaneously. Transplantation with unirradiated fetal (15--17 d) or newborn thymus grafts reconstituted the nude mice as assessed by their subsequent generation of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in vivo or alloreactive T cells in vitro. The restriction specificity of T cells from homozygous mice was exclusively for the nude host H-2, as shown by direct cytolysis or by cold target competitive inhibition assays. irrespective of whether nude mice were reconstituted with H-2-compatible, semiallogeneic, or H-2-incompatible, unirradiated newborn or fetal thymus grafts (in order of decreasing efficiency of reconstitution). The restriction specificity for the nonhost H-2 of the thymus could not be demonstrated even after primary or secondary sensitization in an infected appropriate F1 environment. These nude mice reconstituted with fetal or newborn grafts were tolerant to the H-2 of the thymus donors. Nude mice transplanted with irradiated adult thymus grafts were reconstituted functionally with syngeneic or semisyngeneic but not with allogeneic thymus grafts. In homozygous nu/nu irradiated heterozygous recipients of F1 thymus grafts, the restriction specificity for the nonhost thymic H-2 could not be elicited upon adoptive sensitization in irradiated and infected F1 heterozygote stimulator mice; in fact, these chimeras' lymphocytes were not tolerant to the nonhost H-2. The discrepancy between the restorative capacity of unirradiated vs. irradiated thymus grafts suggests that precursors of T cells in nude mice can acquire restriction specificity and immunocompetence independently of a conventional, functioning H-2-compatible thymus if exposed to an allogeneic fetal or a newborn thymus that contains functioning thymocytes of donor type but not if reconstituted with an irradiated adult allogeneic thymus. PMID- 6965401 TI - Multiple-unit activity evoked in dorsal cap of inferior olive of the rabbit by visual stimulation. AB - 1. Microelectrode recordings of multiple-unit activity were made from the dorsal cap of the inferior olive of anesthetized and unanesthetized rabbits during vestibular and optokinetic stimulation. 2. A large field potential could be evoked in the dorsal cap by photic stimulation of the contralateral eye when the rabbit was anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital or chloralose-urethan. This field potential could not be evoked in rabbits that were anesthetized with halothane or in unanesthetized rabbits. 3. Dorsal cap neurons were maximally excited by large, contrast-rich stimuli presented to the contralateral eye, moving in the posterior-anterior direction at a velocity of 1--2 degrees/s. The discharge rate of dorsal cap neurons was decreased by stimuli moving in the opposite direction. 4. The activity of dorsal cap neurons was not modulated by vestibular stimulation when visual inputs were excluded. 5. Dorsal cap neurons were sensitive to retinal slip velocity and higher derivatives of optokinetic stimulation. Their activity was related to eye movements only when the eye movements affected movement of optokinetic images on the retina. PMID- 6965402 TI - Eye movements evoked by microstimulation of dorsal cap of inferior olive in the rabbit. AB - 1. Microstimulation was used in an attempt to activate selectively neurons of the dorsal cap of the inferior olive in unanesthetized rabbits, and the eye movements evoked by this microstimulation were recorded. 2. Trains of microstimulation (20- 50 microA, 0.1- to 0.2-ms pulses, 10--60 pulses/s, 2--8 s duration) evoked low velocity conjugate eye movements directed toward the side of the stimulated olive. These evoked eye movements were interrupted by resetting eye movements in the opposite direction and could be evoked only if the rabbit was in darkness. 3. The velocity of the evoked eye movements increased during a stimulus train and gradually decreased after the stimulation was terminated. 4. The low-velocity eye movements appeared to combine with eye movements evoked by vestibular stimulation without any significant interaction. 5. After transection of the olivocerebellar pathway or destruction of the contralateral cerebellar flocculus, dorsal cap microstimulation no longer evoked ipsilaterally directed eye movements. PMID- 6965400 TI - Susceptibility to in vitro tolerance induction of adult B cells from mice with an X-linked B-cell defect. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory have indicated that the susceptibility to in vitro tolerance induction is restricted to B cells early in their development (12,14). In this study, a modification of the in vitro splenic focus technique was used to determine whether 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-specific splenic B cells from adult (CBA/N X DBA/2)F1 males are susceptible to in vitro tolerance induction. The results demonstrate that greater than 50% of the DNP-specific B cells in the adult F1 male are tolerizable and therefore immature by this criterion. Moreover, the findings define at least two subpopulation in adult CBA/N mice, one of which is tolerizable. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the lymphoid population in the adult CBA/N mouse is characteristic of a neonatal B-cell population. PMID- 6965403 TI - Effects of microlesions of dorsal cap of inferior olive of rabbits on optokinetic and vestibuloocular reflexes. AB - 1. Discrete, unilateral, electrolytic lesions of the dorsal cap of the inferior olive were made in rabbits in an attempt to assess the effect on eye movements of removal of a visual climbing fiber input to the fluocculus. The position of the lesioning electrode within the dorsal cap was adjusted on the basis of the field potential evoked by flash stimulation of the contralateral eye. 2. Electrophysiological and anatomical evidence confirmed that the microlesions of the dorsal cap destroyed 10-80% of olivary cells, but cause only slight damage to the olivocerebellar pathway originating from the contralateral dorsal cap. 3. The immediate effect of the microlesions was a spontaneous, conjugate drift of the eyes to the side contralateral to the lesion. The effects of the microlesions on eye movements were further examined using reflexes evoked by vestibular and optokinetic stimulation. 4. Postoperatively, the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) gain was not modified, but there was a marked VOR velocity bias to the contralateral side. This velocity bias was most pronounced at low stimulus frequencies (0.02-0.05 Hz, +/- 10 degrees) and was minimal at stimulus frequencies above 0.5 Hz. 5. Monocular, sinusoidal optokinetic stimulation with a large contrast-rich visual target evokes, in normal rabbits, a conjugate asymmetric following response with a higher eye velocity for target movement from posterior to anterior. Following damage to the dorsal cap, the asymmetry of this optokinetic reflex was reversed when the target was presented to the eye contralateral to the lesion. With monocular, constant-velocity optokinetic stimulation delivered to the contralateral eye, the optokinetic gain for movement in the posterior to anterior direction was decreased. 6. These data suggest that visual climbing fibers are part of a feedback loop that reduces retinal slip of low velocity. The relatively low discharge rate of climbing fibers would seem appropriate to ecode continuously retinal slip of low velocity and to influence low-velocity eye movements. PMID- 6965405 TI - Quantitative measurement of skin perfusion with xenon-133. AB - Quantitative assessment of skin perfusion has value in both medical and surgical therapeutic decision-making. We have adapted a technique using intradermal xenon 133 dissolved in saline for use with a gamma camera interfaced to a mini computer. It allows rapid evaluation of several sites simultaneously. The monoexponential washout rate of the injected tracer during the first 6 min is entered into the Schmidt--Kety equation to provide blood-flow rates in ml/min per 100 g. Reproducibility of the method in normal subjects is satisfactory. An important experimental variable is ambient temperature, since perfusion rates in normal limbs at low temperatures can approach those levels found in ischemic limbs. The intradermal technique has practical advantages over other methods for study of limb or skin perfusion. PMID- 6965404 TI - Potential advantages of a cesium fluoride scintillator for a time-of-flight positron camera. AB - In order to improve the quality of positron tomographic imaging, a time-of-flight technique combined with a classical reconstruction method has been investigated. The decay time of NaI(Tl) and bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillators is too long for this application, and efficiency of the plastic scintillators is too low. Cesium fluoride appears to be a very promising detector material. This paper presents preliminary results obtained with a time-of-flight technique using CsF scintillators. The expected advantages were realized. PMID- 6965407 TI - An automated method for the alignment of image pairs. AB - The computer comparison of two images of the same organ requires proper alignment of the images before further computer processing. This alignment can be achieved by (a) fixing patient position during the study, (b) alignment methods using analytical transformations, or (c) operator interaction. We propose an automated method based upon the cross-correlation between projections of the images. With fast Fourier transforms, the algorithm becomes computationally cheap. PMID- 6965406 TI - Clinical and parametric evaluation of three large-field-of-view cameras. AB - This paper compares the clinical and parametric performance, at 140 keV, of three different large-field cameras in a single institution. The instruments tested were the Ohio Nuclear 410, Picker 4/15, and Searle LFOV. There were differences noted in both qualitative and quantitative measurements of physical performance, but these differences could not be demonstrated in clinical studies. PMID- 6965408 TI - A new generator for ionic gallium-68. AB - To meet the needs created by the rapid development of positron tomographic techniques, a new Ge-68 leads to Ga-68 generator has been developed. By elution under reduced pressure, this tin dioxide/1 N HCl generator provides a sterile solution of Ga-68 in ionic form, ready for use in the preparation of many radiopharmaceuticals. Since the Ga-68 recovery yield is high (75--80%) and the elution time very short (less than 2 min), these products possess maximum activity. Owing to its very slight Ge-68 leakage (less than 0.0002% per elution), the tin dioxide/HCl generator is long-lasting and, more importantly, the radiotoxicity of the labeled derivatives is kept to a minimum. The ionic Ga-68 obtained in this way has been used to label several radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 6965410 TI - Pulmonary leukemia in children presenting as diffuse interstitial pneumonia. PMID- 6965409 TI - Juvenile dermatomyositis: a clinical and immunologic study. AB - Twenty-one children were diagnosed as having juvenile dermatomyositis on the basis of the strict criteria of Bohan and Peter. In addition to the typical skin and muscle changes, abnormalities of esophageal motility (eight of 19), pulmonary function (14 of 17), ECG (10 of 20), and gastrointestinal absorption of D-xylose (two of eight) with active disease were observed. Clinical signs of other collagen vascular disease appeared in five children. Serologic evaluation demonstrated that ANA and rheumatoid factor were transiently positive in six; one child developed a persistently positive rheumatoid factor after four years of disease inactivity. Antibody to ENA was negative in all, but antibody to PM-1 antigen was present in four of 18. Six had a low C3 or C4; evidence of immune complexes was demonstrated by Clq or Raji binding in eight with active disease. One child was IgA deficient. The HLA-B8 antigen was present in 72% of the Caucasian children as compared with the expected incidence of 21%. Therefore, classical dermatomyositis in children has more systemic involvement then previously appreciated, may be related to the presence of circulating immune complexes, and appears to be under immunogenetic control. PMID- 6965411 TI - Chlorambucil in histiocytosis X: a Southwest Oncology Group study. PMID- 6965412 TI - p-Iodoamphetamine as a serotonin depletor in rats. PMID- 6965413 TI - Enhancement of thymus cell function by macrophage culture supernatants. PMID- 6965414 TI - Retention or resumption of employment after aortocoronary bypass operations. AB - Employment status and factors related to resumption of employment were studied in 564 male patients one and four years following an aortocoronary bypass operation. For age categories of less than 55, 55 to 59, and 60 years or older at the time of the operation, 90%, 68%, and 44%, respectively, remained employed four years later. Age at the time of the operation, development of angina pectoris after the operation, a previous myocardial infarction, and the physical requirements of the patient's employment were found to be related to the decision not to work four years after the operation. Of patients not employed prior to the operation, 22% were employed four years later. PMID- 6965415 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Comparative values of double-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiology and endoscopy. PMID- 6965416 TI - In vitro lymphocyte activity: its relation to the stage of gastric cancer. AB - Lymphocyte activity of patients with gastric cancer and its relation to the stage of cancer were studied. PHA response of lymphocytes from patients with gastric cancer was decreased markedly even in early stage of cancer. The PHA-stimulated lympho-cytotoxicity was not impaired in all stages of the disease. Spontaneous lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity showed a tendency to decrease as the cancer stage advanced. The cytotoxic activity of the supernatants from lymphocytes cultured without PHA was significantly high in the advanced stage of gastric cancer. PMID- 6965418 TI - Successful triple coronary artery bypass in a child with multiple coronary aneurysms due to Kawasaki's disease. AB - A 9-year-old girl developed ischemic cardiac symptoms 3 years after she first presented with characteristic manifestations of Kawasaki's disease, namely, high fever, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, macular truncal skin rash, and erythema of both hands followed by desequamation of the skin of the fingertips. This acute illness resolved spontaneously within 2 weeks. Because of progressive and severe anginal symptoms and electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia, she underwent cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography, which demonstrated multiple aneurysms of both right and left coronary artery systems. The two larger aneurysms of the right main and left main coronary arteries were clotted, causing complete occlusion of these vessels. Only collateral branches from the proximal right coronary artery which were supporting the entire coronary circulation, prevented her from having a myocardial infarction. A triple saphenous vein bypass was performed with excellent immediate results. One year later the patient was completely free of symptoms; she was living a normal life and a stress electrocardiogram was entirely normal. PMID- 6965417 TI - Interstitial hydrostatic pressures in patients undergoing CABG and valve replacement. AB - Using the Scholander-Hargens wick technique to measure interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFP) in thigh muscle (MIP) and subcutaneous tissue (SQIP), we have studied 12 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Simultaneous measurements were made of serum total proteins (TP) and colloid osmotic pressure (COP). Bypass was carried out with a nonblood, noncolloid prime. In the postoperative period, colloid and blood were given which raised COP above prebypass levels (see Table II). MIP rises more with hemodilution than does SQIP and is less negative throughout. MIP rises faster when COP drops than does SQIP. These findings suggest that subcutaneous tissue interstitial space is loose and has a high compliance, whereas muscular tissue interstitial space is tight and has a low compliance. The increased pressure represents increase in fluid which is then removed promptly as COP is restored in the postoperative period. Experimental studies in animals show a response similar to MIP in the myocardium. PMID- 6965419 TI - Late graft patency and symptom relief after aorta-coronary bypass. AB - One hundred six consecutive patients underwent elective or emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between January, 1974, and November, 1975. There were 90 men of an average age of 54 years and 16 women an average of 64 years. Unstable angina (preinfarction angina, angina decubitus, and crescendo angina) was present in 54 patients of this group and eight were in congestive heart failure. Sixty-two of the 106 had previously had myocardial infarctions and four had evolving infarctions. There were four operative deaths (3.8%) and one early hospital death (less than 30 days' hospitalization). Perioperative infarction occurred in five of the survivors. Of the 197 grafts placed in the 101 survivors, 94% were patent by angiography at 1 to 2 weeks (175 of 187 vein grafts and 10 of 10 left internal mammary grafts). At 1 to 2 years after CABG, 62% of the survivors consented to repeat angiography at which time 94% of the grafts were patent (101 of 108 vein grafts and seven of seven left internal mammary grafts). Clinical follow-up of 81 of the 101 survivors at 1 year found 99% of them to be asymptomatic or improved. Repeat clinical follow-up of all survivors (99 of 101) at 3 to 4 years found 93.9% asymptomatic or improved. Overall survival, including operative deaths, was 92.4% at 4 years. PMID- 6965420 TI - Maintenance of granuloma formation in pulmonary sarcoidosis by T lymphocytes within the lung. AB - Pulmonary granulomata of sarcoidosis are composed primarily of mononuclear phagocytic cells that are probably derived from blood monocytes. To evaluate the concept that recruitment of blood monocytes to the sarcoid lung is mediated by chemoattractants produced by immune effector cells within the lung, we obtained mononuclear cells from lung and blood of six patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis, six normal subjects, and six patients with active idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and studied their ability to secrete a chemotactic factor for monocytes. Lung T lymphocytes from all sarcoidosis patients, but not from normal subjects or patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, spontaneously secreted such a mediator. Lung T lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis secreted more monocyte chemotactic factor than did blood T lymphocytes from the same patients. The accumulation of monocytes in the lung in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis may be mediated by local production of monocyte chemotactic factor by lung T lymphocytes. PMID- 6965421 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum and immune diversity. PMID- 6965422 TI - Chemical modification reduces the conductance of sodium channels in nerve. AB - Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) are extremely potent poisons that prevent nerve and muscle cells from producing action potentials by blocking sodium channels. If the channels are modified by reagents that act on carboxyl groups, however, both the binding of these toxins and their effect on the action potential are reduced. One such reagent, trimethyloxonium ion (TMO) converts channels into a form that is not blocked by TTX concentrations 10(5) times greater than its normal Kd (ref. 6). Most such chemical modifications of sodium channels also reduce the measured membrane sodium current, but it has not been known whether such reductions were due to a change in the number of channels, in permeability properties, or in gating properties. We now report that TMO modified, TTX-resistant sodium channels have a smaller single-channel conductance (gamma) with a more linear instantaneous current-voltage relationship than that of normal channels, and that the measured reduction in gamma accounts for all of the decrease in sodium current after TMO treatment. This change in sodium channel permeability properties can be explained by the removal of a fixed negative charge near the outside of the channel. PMID- 6965423 TI - Thymic nurse cells--Ia-bearing epithelium involved in T-lymphocyte differentiation? PMID- 6965424 TI - Production of alloreactive T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6965425 TI - Lymphocyte transformation during pregnancy: an analysis using whole-blood culture. AB - In an effort to provide information on maternal immunocompetence, a study was undertaken to measure lectin-induced transformation of maternal lymphocytes. Whole-blood culture was used. The phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte transformation of 137 pregnant women was significantly (P less than 0.05 to 0.001) diminished until 21 weeks' gestation, and concanavalin A (Con A)-induced lymphocyte transformation of 116 pregnant women was also significantly (P less than 0.01 to 0.001) diminished at all stages of gestation, as compared with those of 39 nonpregnant women. In addition, the Con A-induced lymphocyte transformation of ovarian venous blood and uterine venous blood from a pregnant woman was prominently diminished, as compared with that of basilic venous blood. It is suggested that there are maternal T-cell subpopulations that have different reactivities to PHA and Con A. PMID- 6965426 TI - Von Willebrand's disease complicating second-trimester abortion. AB - This report describes a patient with Von Willebrand's disease whose second trimester abortion was complicated by hemorrhage. Factor VIII levels were low and the patient responded well to factor VIII transfusions. The authors believe that abortions can be performed safely in patients with Von Willebrand's disease. If factor VIII is low, prophylactic cryoprecipitate is indicated. PMID- 6965427 TI - Gonorrhea: CDC recommended treatment schedules--1979. PMID- 6965428 TI - Lack of relationship between toxicity and bone marrow cell colony stimulating activity of endotoxin preparations. PMID- 6965429 TI - Relative efficacy of radiographic and radionuclide bone surveys in the detection of the skeletal lesions of histiocytosis X. AB - Radionuclide studies have been considered a more sensitive indicator of the presence of the bony lesions of histiocytosis X in children than have radiographic bone surveys. Our results suggest that the opposite is true. Although positive correlation between bone scans and radiographs was found in eight of nine patients, only 35% of the individual lesions visible on radiographs were seen on radionuclide studies. Results of radionuclide studies did not correlate with age or sex of the patient, presence or duration of symptoms, radiographic appearance, or anatomic location of lesions. Our results suggest that the radiographic skeletal survey is more sensitive than radionuclide studies in detecting the skeletal lesions of histiocytosis X. PMID- 6965430 TI - Control of gastroesophageal bleeding varices by percutaneous transhepatic portography. AB - We used the transhepatic approach to the portal system to obliterate bleeding gastroesophageal varices as an alternative to portosystemic shunt performed as an emergency. In eight of 13 patients, we obtained complete arrest of bleeding, while rebleeding was observed in five patients. The shunt was performed upon six patients, and only one patient died. Transhepatic obliteration of varices seems to be the more useful method for the control of untractable hemorrhage and to prepare the patient for an elective operation. PMID- 6965431 TI - Immunologic function in patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - The immune fuction of 41 patients with duct cell adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or carcinoma of the periampullary region was studied by skin testing with 2,4 dinitrocholorobenzene and common microbial antigens, in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens, T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte cell counts and measurements of complement levels. Results show that a great proportion of patients had depressed immune function. Depression is particularly severe in lymphocyte reactivity. Positive response to skin tests with a microbial antigen carries a slightly better prognosis. The complement level is usually normal or elevated. Correlation between immune function, prognosis and tumor resectability in individual patients is generally poor. PMID- 6965433 TI - What's new in surgery: the aortocoronary-artery bypass operation. PMID- 6965432 TI - Angiography in the management of massive lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. AB - Initial stabilization of blood volume and immediate resuscitative measures should be used for lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal tract lesions should be excluded with nasogastric intubation and upper endoscopy if the history or nasogastric aspirate suggests an upper gastrointestinal tract source. Proctosigmoidoscopy should be done to exclude mucosal disease, hemorrhoidal bleeding or local carcinoma. If all of these are negative and the patient is bleeding massively, we recommend arteriography with catheterization of the superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric and celiac arteries. These procedures should be carried out within less than four hours. If a bleeding site is demonstrated, the use of local infusion of vasopressin for permanent control should be considered only in the poor risk patient in whom the operative risk is prohibitive. Massive hemorrhage from the lower gastrointestinal tract in an elderly population is usually due to diverticular bleeding and not to angiodysplasia. The bleeding site was more common in the right than in the left colon. Angiography has been proved to be an important diagnostic procedure to localize the site of the bleeding and has been invaluable in the surgical management of these patients. PMID- 6965434 TI - Gastric distress evoked by anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6965435 TI - Measuring ventricular function after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6965437 TI - An epidemiologic study of the relationship between hepatitis A and water supply characteristics and treatment. AB - Outbreaks of hepatitis A (HA) attributable to water contamination have been reported; however, the impact of water supply characteristics on the endemic rates of HA has not been quantified. This study did not detect any statistically significant associations between endemic HA rates and water supply characteristics. Because of the sample size, this finding suggests that the total variation of HA rates attributable to water supply characteristics is probably less than 8 per cent of the annual reported cases of HA in the United States. PMID- 6965436 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein in ectopic pregnancy. AB - PSBG and hCG were estimated by radioimmunoassays in the serum of 19 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal surgery for suspected ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy was verified at operation in 14 cases, and the other five patients had a hemorrhagic cyst of the corpus luteum. Demonstrable PSBG and hCG were found in all patients with ectopic pregnancy. One of them had taken bromocriptine for infertility, and in serial blood samples taken during the luteal phase both PSBG and hCG were identified on day 24 of the fertile cycle. One of the five patients with a hemorrhagic cyst of the corpus luteum showed detectable PSBG and hCG in several serum samples taken before operation. This patient had experienced legal abortion 3 months ago, and the presence of PSBG and hCG in her serum may represent prolonged trophoblastic activity after pregnancy. Our results show that PSBG appears in the serum very early in pregnancy. However, some obscure positive results may be encountered, and this must be appreciated when these markers are applied for clinical use. Since the PSBG and hCG tests are likely to have different sources of error, PSBG estimation may become a useful adjunct to the hCG test in the detection of trophoblastic activity in suspected ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 6965438 TI - Prevalence of histoplasmin sensitivity in Pakistan. AB - A total of 575 subjects, comprising healthy men, women, and school children as well as pulmonary tuberculosis and leprosy patients in different areas of the Punjab region of Pakistan, were tested for histoplasmin skin sensitivity. All, with the exception of those who presumably had been exposed to the fungus in some other country, were found to be non-reactors to histoplasm. The preliminary findings suggest that histoplasmosis is not endemic in this area, as the general population seems to be free from exposure to the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. PMID- 6965439 TI - Functional assay of alpha 1-antitrypsin in obstructive lung disease. AB - A decreased concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin is associated with a high risk for obstructive lung disease. We measured the elastase inhibitory capacity, the most important biologic measure of alpha 1-AT function, using a natural substrate. The gel plate assay that we developed uses a commercial gelatin film and is more sensitive, faster, and cheaper than similar elastin-elastase methods. In serum samples from 76 patients with emphysema, there was a high correlation between the immunologically measured alpha 1-AT and the elastase inhibitory capacity. There was no evidence for a functionally deficient alpha 1-AT in any of these patients. PMID- 6965440 TI - Penicillin-binding proteins of Streptomyces cacaoi, Streptomyces olivaceus, and Streptomyces clavuligerus. AB - Penicillin-binding proteins of three Streptomyces strains, S. cacaoi, S. olivaceus, and S. clavuligerus, were examined by gel electrophoresis and fluorography. In a beta-lactamase producer, S. cacaoi, at least five membrane bound penicillin-binding proteins were detected, but in two beta-lactam producers, S. olivaceus and S. clavuligerus, fewer penicillin-binding proteins were detected. Mecillinam and methicillin bound selectively to some penicillin binding proteins in S. cacaoi, whereas they did not bind at all to those in S. olivaceus and S. clavuligerus. Clavulanic acid bound to penicillin-binding proteins only at a very high concentration in S. cacoi. This compound did not bind to those of S. olivaceus and S. clavuligerus. Penicillin-binding proteins in culture supernatant and cytoplasm and minimum inhibitory concentrations of these strains against benzylpenicillin were also examined. PMID- 6965441 TI - Effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of Erythromycin, Clindamycin, and Pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of Staphlyococcus aureus. AB - The influence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin, clindamycin, and pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of Staphylococcus aureus was tested in 12 strains. Of the 36 experiments performed, 16 (44%) showed a lack of influence, 10 (28%) displayed an increase, and 10 revealed a decrease in penicillinase activity. The maximal effect produced was generally induced by concentrations ranging from 1/4 to 1/32 the minimal inhibitory concentration, irrespective of the susceptibility of the strain to the drug. In spite of the fact that the drugs are closely related, they sometimes produced opposite effects on the same strain. PMID- 6965443 TI - Isolation of an ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - A 79-year-old female developed endocarditis and meningitis due to an ampicillin resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus influenzae. Carbenicillin and gentamicin therapy resulted in bacteriological and clinical cure. The mechanism of resistance of ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase producing strains of H. influenzae is unknown. PMID- 6965444 TI - Initial clinical experience with a new temporary left ventricular assist device. AB - A new, simple left ventricular assist system has been developed and its use in experimental animals has been evaluated. The system achieves ventricular drainage by a transaortic valve cannula and utilizes a new centrifugal pump; the blood access is unique in requiring only a simple end-to-side synthetic graft anastomosis to the ascending aorta. Adequate pulsatility is obtained by concomitant use of an intraaortic balloon pump. This case report documents our initial clinical experience with this system in a postoperative patient with profound left ventricular failure unresponsive to all usual treatment. There was temporary recovery of left ventricular function upon decannulation after five and a half days of assist pumping. Despite the eventual death of the patient, the system functioned adequately, suggesting that it has good potential for use in a small, selected group of patients. PMID- 6965442 TI - Comparison of cotrimoxazole, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol in treatment of experimental Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis. AB - To evaluate cotrimoxazole in the treatment of bacterial meningitis, we compared its action with that of ampicillin and chloramphenicol in experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. Both trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole penetrated well into the cerebrospinal fluid of infected rabbits, reaching 40 and 26%, respectively, of their simultaneous serum levels. Levels measured 30 and 60 min after intravenous injection exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration of this combination for H. influenzae by 10- to 100-fold. The mean ratio of trimethoprim to sulfamethoxazole in cerebrospinal fluid was 1:22. Cotrimoxazole was as effective as ampicillin in therapy of beta-lactamase-negative H. influenzae meningitis and as effective as chloramphenicol for a beta-lactamase positive strain. These findings corroborate favorable preliminary clinical experience reported by others and indicate that cotrimoxazole deserves further study in the therapy of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 6965445 TI - MB creatine kinase and the evaluation of myocardial injury following aortocoronary bypass operation. AB - Myocardial injury was studied in 104 patients undergoing coronary artery grafting without cold chemical cardioplegia using the quantity of the isoenzyme MB of the creatine kinase liberated as an indicator. This method of evaluation, which is said to permit comparison of different techniques of myocardial protection, allowed us to consider the relative importance of several factors believed to have an influence on intraoperative myocardial injury. Indices of significance were duration of symptoms before operation, presence of chronic arterial hypertension, and the type of antiangina treatment employed. Other operative factors included severity of the arterial lesions, number of anastomoses performed, and duration of extracorporeal circulation and of aortic cross clamping. PMID- 6965446 TI - Calcification and thickening of the aortic wall complicating aortocoronary grafting: a technical modification. AB - A method to anastomose saphenous vein grafts to a calcified or severely arteriosclerotic ascending aorta is presented. A portion of the aorta is replaced by a synthetic prosthesis from which the grafts are delivered through individual openings. PMID- 6965448 TI - Regional enteritis with major gastrointestinal hemorrhage as the initial manifestation. AB - Four patients with massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage were found to have Crohn's ileitis. This prompted a five-year chart review of consecutive admissions for Crohn's enteritis; 60 patients were found whose disease was limited to the distal part of the ileum (and rarely the proximal part of the cecum). Eight (13%) of these patients were admitted because of major rectal bleeding, and in seven of the eight the hemorrhage was the initial manifestation of Crohn's disease. The mean age of the entire group was 30 years, with a mean age of 18.6 years in the eight bleeders. Crohn's ileitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of massive rectal bleeding, especially in younger patients. PMID- 6965447 TI - Immune complexes in the pericardial fluid in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had pericardial tamponade. The pericardial fluid from both patients contained "mixed" type cryoglobulins consisting of IgG, IgM, and C1q. There was a selective concentration of antinuclear antibodies in the pericardial fluid cryoglobulin of one patient. Pericardial fluid from the same patient contained immune complexes. Anti-DNA antibodies were found in the serum, pericardial fluid, and pericardial fluid cryoprotein. Immune complexes isolated from the pericardial fluid by polyethylene complexes isolated from the pericardial fluid by polyethylene glycol precipitation contained antinuclear antibodies including anti-DNA antibodies. Immune complexes may be important in the pathogenesis of pericarditis in SLE. PMID- 6965449 TI - Multiple system organ failure. The role of uncontrolled infection. AB - Multiple system organ failure (MSOF) remains a principal cause of death after major operative procedures and/or severe trauma. We studied multiple parameters in 553 consecutive emergency surgical patients to determine the incidence of MSOF, the predisposing factors to MSOF, and the sequelae of MSOF. Thirty-eight patients had MSOF; mortality was 74% for these patients. Evaluation of multiple factors demonstrated that (1) MSOF is primarily due to infection, (2) the temporal sequence of organ failure is lung, liver, gastric mucosa, and kidney, and (3) MSOF is the most common fatal expression of uncontrolled infection. PMID- 6965450 TI - Endophthalmitis complicating Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis. AB - In two children, pyogenic endophthalmitis developed simultaneously with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. The eye of one of the patients recovered fully; the eye of the other became phthisical and was enucleated. Culturable or pathologically identifiable organisms were not found in either eye; nevertheless, it is suggested that these cases represented metastatic H influenzae type b endophthalmitis from a primary site of infection in the meninges. PMID- 6965451 TI - Methotrexate pharmacokinetics after intraarticular injection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6965452 TI - Deficiency of T cell mediated regulation of anti-DNA production in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Isolated B cells from normal subjects and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could be stimulated to produce IgM anti-DNA with pokeweed mitogen. Normal but not SLE allogeneic T cells abrogated this response. Normal but not SLE autologous T cells promoted a switch from IgM to IgG anti-DNA production. SLE is characterized by at least two types of immunoregulatory abnormalities: a defect in T suppressor function and a defect in the IgM to IgG switchover. PMID- 6965453 TI - Genetic studies in NZB mice. IV. The effect of sex hormones on the spontaneous production of anti-T cell autoantibodies. AB - Hybrid NZB X NZW or NZB X DBA/2 females have markedly accelerated development of autoimmunity when compared with their respective male littermates. This difference is attributable to the ability of male sex hormones to retard the expression of autoimmunity. In contrast to the sex differences in expression of autoimmunity in F1 mice, parental NZB males and females have only minor differences in disease expression. We have been investigating the basis for the difference in anti-T cell antibody production between NZB and F1 mice. In this study, the appearance of antibodies cytotoxic for T cells (NTA) was studied in NZB and DBA/2 mice and in their F1 hybrids and backcross progeny. A major sex difference in NTA production was observed in the F1 hybrids; females produced more NTA than did males. Castration of males led to a marked increase in NTA production. Furthermore, the NTA production of castrated male and female F1 mice was significantly suppressed by administration of testosterone in Silastic capsules. In contrast to the studies in F1 mice, we found little difference between intact male and female parental NZB mice at any age studied. Furthermore, NZB mice of both sexes who were given androgen-containing capsules at 2 weeks of age failed to demonstrate a decrease in NTA production. This result suggested an androgen insensitivity in NZB mice with regard to NTA production. This insensitivity, which appears to be a recessive trait, may help to explain why NZB mice do not manifest the sex differences in disease expression observed in the F1 hybrids. PMID- 6965454 TI - [T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood during acute infections]. AB - A longitudinal study was carried out in 40 patients with typhoid fever, 21 with infectious hepatitis and 15 with amebic liver abscess in order to determine percentual values of lymphocytes T and B in relation with age and nutritional state as compared to a normal control group. In patients with typhoid fever, a decrease of percentual values of lymphocytes T was observed starting on the second week of evolution with intensification on the third week, predominating in patients less than seven years of age and in malnourished cases (p less than 0.001) and late recovery in the group of patients less than seven years old. In patients with acute infectious hepatitis, there was depression of lymphocytes T that persisted to the eighth week and was independent of age, but more severe in the malnourished (p less than 0.001). In cases with amebic liver abscess, depression of lymphocytes T was observed during the first six weeks of evolution without relation with age or the state of nutrition, but with increased slowliness in recovery in patients under seven years. There were no disturbances in lymphocytes B nor in cutaneous response to dinitrofluorobencene (DNFB) in the three groups of patients. PMID- 6965455 TI - Mode of action of 9-beta-D-arabinosyladenine and 1-beta-D-arabinosylcytosine on DNA synthesis in human lymphoblasts. AB - The effects of 9-beta-D-arabinosyladenine (AraAde), 1-beta-D-arabinosylcytosine (AraCyt) and 2'-deoxyadenosine on DNA replication in cultured human lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM line) were studied by pulse-labeling cells with [3H]thymidine and analyzing the nascent DNA by velocity sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients. At doses that reduced the overall rate of DNA synthesis to 50--70% of control values, both AraAde and AraCyt profoundly inhibited the formation of new replicons, with secondary effects on chain elongation contributing to the total inhibition of DNA synthesis. In contrast, the suppression of DNA synthesis by 2' deoxyadenosine stemmed mainly from an inhibition of chain elongation. These studies also disclosed that about 100 times more AraAde than AraCyt was required to produce a similar inhibition of DNA replication in CCRF-CEM cells. Determination of intracellular concentrations of the nucleoside triphosphates (AraCTP and AraATP) indicated to 90% inhibition of DNA synthesis was achieved at 1.6 and 25 pmol/1 . 10(6) cells, respectively. Studies with cell lysates revealed that the replicative machinery in CCRF-CEM cells is more sensitive to AraCTP than to AraATP. This finding contrasts with earlier research, in which the inhibtion of purified DNA polymerase by either AraATP of AraCTP yielded essentially the same Ki value. The difference in sensitivity of the cell lysate to these arabinonucleotides may reflect either a target enzyme other than DNA polymerase or, more plausibly, some subtle interaction of the polymerase with other components of the replicative process. PMID- 6965456 TI - Skin collagen has an unusual d-spacing. AB - Small angle X-ray diffraction patterns show a d-spacing of 65 +/- 0.5 nm for the collagen in wet intact skin of amphibian larvae (tadpole) as well as from that of nature frogs, chickens and mice. The collagen in these tissues is largely collagen I which exhibits a d-spacing of 67 +/- 0.5 nm in wet intact unstretched tendons. The d-spacing of the skin collagen did not decrease on drying, while it is well known that that of tendon collagen does decrease on drying. The reasons for the decreased d-spacing in the normal skin are not known but we suggest that the different glycosaminoglycan content of skin may be an important factor. PMID- 6965458 TI - Haematological effects of lithium and its use in treatment of neutropenia. PMID- 6965457 TI - Specificity and modulation of the action of lactoferrin, a negative feedback regulator of myelopoiesis. PMID- 6965459 TI - DNA-synthesizing T and non-T cells in bacterial infections. AB - The results of autoradiographic determination of DNA-synthesizing lymphocytes (3H thymidine) in 10 patients with bacterial infections were compared with results in 10 normal patients and contrasted with 23 CLL patients in different stages [12]. In patients with infectious diseases the absolute number of T cells was lower and the mean values of S-phase T cells and S-phase non-T cells was higher than in normal persons. In contrast to the patients with infections, CLL patients in stage o--III have lower S-phase T cell values and higher S-phase non-T cell values. In stage IV, on the other hand, all DNA-synthesizing lymphocytes are increased. PMID- 6965462 TI - The roof of the hindbrain in Rana pipiens and Rana temporaria. PMID- 6965460 TI - Eye movement related neurons in the cat pontine reticular formation: projection to the flocculus. AB - This study examines projection to the cerebellar flocculus of eye movement related neurons in the median and paramedian part of the cat pontine tegmentum between the trochlear and the abducens nucleus. They were identified by rhythmic activity related to horizontal vestibular nystagmus induced by sinusoidal rotation. These neurons were classified into several groups by their discharge patterns during nystagmus, using criteria of earlier studies on saccadic eye movements and vestibular nystagmus in the monkey. Electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral flocculus elicited antidromic spike responses in a number of burst tonic neurons and long-lead and medium-lead burst neurons. These neurons were located in and around the medial longitudinal fasciculus, the nucleus raphe pontis and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. A few neurons tested were also activated antidromically by stimulation of the contralateral flocculus. In contrast, no pauser neurons were activated from the ipsilateral flocculus. It is concluded that eye movement-related neurons in the medial pontine tegmentum, except for pauser neurons, directly project to the flocculus and may convey information about eye movements of visual and vestibular origins to the flocculus. PMID- 6965461 TI - The binding properties of muscarinic receptors in the brain of the frog (R. temporaria). AB - The antagonist and agonist binding properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on membranes derived from the frog (R. temporaria) brain are very similar to those found for the muscarinic receptors of the mammalian brain. The highest concentrations of receptor are found in the optic tectum and diencephalon; the lowest levels in the hindbrain, spinal cord and retina. PMID- 6965463 TI - Activation of the efferent system in the isolated frog labyrinth: effects on the afferent EPSPs and spike discharge recorded from single fibres of the posterior nerve. AB - Intra-axonal recordings were obtained from single afferent fibres of the posterior nerve in the isolated labyrinth of the frog (Rana esculenta). EPSPs and spike discharge were recorded both at rest and during rotatory stimulation of the canal. Electrical stimulation of either the distal end of the cut posterior nerve or of the central stumps of the anterior-horizontal nerves elicited a frequency dependent inhibitory effect on the afferent discharge arising from the posterior canal. Denervation experiments revealed that inhibition is mediated by efferent fibres exhibiting a high degree of branching in the proximal part of the eighth nerve. The inhibitory effect was selectively cancelled by (1)D-tubocurarine 10( 6) M; (2) atropine 5 x 10(-5) M; (3) acetylcholine or carbachol 10(-4) M; (4) eserine 10(-5) M. Inhibition is thus most likely to be sustained by the release of acetylcholine from the efferent nerve terminals. Experiments in which the ionic composition of the external medium was modified suggest that the transmitter acts mainly by opening the chloride ion channels of the hair cell membrane. In some units the same stimulation pattern evoked a consistent increase in both EPSP and spike discharge, instead of inhibition. Such facilitation was unaffected by drugs for ionic modifications which block the efferent synapse, but disappeared after denervation. Inhibition and facilitation, therefore, act as two control mechanisms which are able to modify substantially, at the first stage of processing, the sensory information which is sent to the vestibular second order neurons. PMID- 6965464 TI - Clinical studies on cell-mediated immunity in patients with malignant disease. I. Effect of immunotherapy with OK-432 on lymphocyte subpopulation and phytomitogen responsiveness in vitro. AB - Immunotherapy with daily intradermal injections of OK-432, penicillin- and heat treated lyophilized powder of Su-strain of streptococcus pyogens A3, for over a period of four weeks resulted in quantitative and qualitative effectiveness on impaired cell-mediated immunity even in many patients with far advanced cancer of the stomach or lung. In vitro lymphocyte studies following immunotherapy with OK 432 demonstrated restoration of circulating lymphocyte counts to more than 1,500/microliters, a level associated with normalized subpopulation constitution and increases of phytomitogen blastogenesis. Furthermore, a delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to PPD was boosted or converted into a positive reaction in some cases. There was, however, no detectable, definite effect on humoral immunity after the therapy. Survival rates at three and six months after the initiation of immunochemotherapy using OK-432 and another chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil, in 40 patients with cancer were significantly longer than those of matched control patients given chemotherapy alone. PMID- 6965465 TI - The major sialoglycoprotein of human T-lymphocytes. AB - Human, peripheral-blood T-lymphocytes and human, T-lymphoblastoid cells of a MOLT 4B cell-line were surface-labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, periodate and sodium borotritide, and galactose oxidase and sodium borotritide, and analyzed by dodecyl sodium sulfate-polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. Both types of cells were found to show a major, cell-surface sialoglycoprotein with an apparent mol. wt. of 95,000. After neuraminidase treatment, this glycoprotein showed a higher mol. wt. of 120,000. The major sialoglycoprotein of both types of cells bound to wheat-germ agglutinin and concanavalin A and, after neuraminidase treatment, to Arachis hypogaea agglutinin. The glycopeptides obtained from these glycoproteins by Pronase digestion gave similar elution-profiles on Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. These results suggest that the major sialoglycoprotein of normal T cells and that of MOLT 4B cells are very similar, if not identical. PMID- 6965466 TI - "Filler" cells are nonimmunological cushions. PMID- 6965467 TI - Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. XIV. Abnormality of T-cell locomotion and of distribution of subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood and spleen from children with untreated Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6965468 TI - Histomorphologic assessment of serum thymic factor treatment of NZB/NZW mice. PMID- 6965470 TI - T-cell subpopulation shifts in human cord blood high- and low-affinity E . RFC. PMID- 6965469 TI - Age-dependent changes in human peripheral blood B cells and T-cell subsets: correlation with mitogen responsiveness. PMID- 6965471 TI - Detection and localization of gastrointestinal bleeding using Tc-99m pyrophosphate in vivo labeled red blood cells. AB - Eighteen patients with either clinically or laboratory-detectable gastrointestinal bleeding were studied using Tc-99m-PYP in vivo labeled red blood cells. In those patients with massive gastrointestinal bleeding, the site of bleeding was usually detected within the first half-hour of scanning. Slower bleeding required longer scanning time. In several patients, bleeding sites were detected which could not be located by other means. It was experimentally determined that as little as 5 ml of ingested whole blood labeled in vivo with Tc 99m-PYP could be detected in the upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6965472 TI - Indications for aorto-coronary bypass graft surgery: March 1979. PMID- 6965473 TI - Non-typable Hemophilus influenzae sepsis in a child. PMID- 6965474 TI - Evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents in experimental Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia and meningitis in infant rats. AB - Procedures for evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in an infant rat model of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis were developed. The results of efficacy studies with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefamandole, cefoxitin, and SQ 13,426 were compared to activity in vitro. While most of the drugs tested were very active against the two strains of H. influenzae used in vitro, this activity was not in all cases translated into efficacy in vivo. Pharmacokinetic studies using ampicillin or chloramphenicol demonstrated the presence of each antibiotic at the foci of infection in concentrations found to be bactericidal in vitro. PMID- 6965475 TI - Immunobiology of primary CNS tumors in infancy and childhood. B- and T-cell dependent immunity and cytotoxicity and cell kinetic evaluation. AB - The authors report their experience on the immunological monitoring of children with posterior fossa medulloblastomas. The most important findings concerning humoral and cell-mediated immunity in this kind of patient are discussed. Among the main immunobiological pictures, the authors stress the remarkable failure of the T-cell dependent immune response, generally correlated to the degree of malignancy of the tumor, and the characteristic appearance of cells with natural cytotoxic activity, whose precise outlining is, at present, in progress. The B cell dependent pool, mostly investigated through immunofluorescence studies, turned out to be very close to normal. PMID- 6965476 TI - [Lumbar disk disease. Conservative treatment]. PMID- 6965477 TI - The response of single melanophores to extracellular and intracellular iontophoretic injection of melanocyte-stimulating hormone. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if MSH, a peptide hormone, injected within a frog skin melanophore could elicit a physiological response, melanosome dispersion. Multibarreled electrodes were used to iontophoretically inject alpha MSH inside frog skin melanophores of Rana pipiens pipiens. In 46 cells, intracellular MSH was ineffective in producing melanosome dispersion as viewed through the microscope. Because the frog skin is a complex of closely spaced cells, at times the microelectrode may have impaled cells other than melanophores. Therefore, in order to verify that the electrode was in a melanophore and not some other cell type, cAMP, shown to produce melanosome dispersion, was iontophoretically injected to 17 cells, causing the melanosomes to disperse. In these 17 cells, prior injection of MSH caused no dispersion. The response was monitored by observing the target cell with surrounding cells serving as a control. As an additional control to determine if adequate amounts of MSH were released, the electrode was withdrawn from the cell and placed near a group of melanophores, and in all cases the cells close to the electrode tip showed melanosome dispersion after MSH injection. The results of this study remain consistent with the view that MSH receptors in frog skin melanophores are located on the external surface of the plasma membrane, and MSH injected into the cytoplasm of the cell has no short term effect. PMID- 6965479 TI - Immunocytological studies in a case of Bruton's disease. AB - Immunopathological findings in a case with infantile X-linked agamma globulinemia (Bruton's disease) are reported and compared to similar data from two cousins of the patient. Besides a severe decrease in B-lymphocytes in blood and lymph node, residual B-cells showed an almost total defect in Ig surface receptor expression. In addition, there was an unusual lymphocyte population which apparently exhibited E-rosette formation (i.e. T-cell characteristics) and phagocytosis. The data suggest that in Bruton's disease there may be a disturbance of the T-cell system besides the well known B-cell deficiency. PMID- 6965478 TI - Diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia using an endobronchial brushing technique. A report on twenty-one cases in immunocompromised children. AB - By examining the endobronchial brushings from 65 infants and children with interstitial pneumonia--characterized by a severe hypoxia and diffuse lung infiltrates--we have detected the cysts of pneumocystis carinii in 17 of 21 subsequently confirmed cases. The rapid diagnosis and subsequent specific treatment have allowed the recovery of 18 of these children. The particular significance of this article is the youth of the patients, whose ages ranged from 4 months to 15 years. PMID- 6965480 TI - Amino-terminal amino acid sequences and the evolution of frog (Rana esculenta) trypsin and chymotrypsin. PMID- 6965481 TI - Reconstitution of photochemically active reaction centers in planar phospholipid membranes. Light-induced electrical currents under voltage-clamped conditions. PMID- 6965482 TI - Learned responses to movement in neonates. AB - Numerous previous reports have pointed to the importance of movement (vestibular) stimulation in early infancy. Nevertheless, we have currently no clear understanding of these effects. The present paper looks at the role of movement stimulation in the modification of inborn organized patterns of response. Two laboratory experiments are reported in which newborn infants were presented with a cue (movement stimulus) which was either paired with dextrose presentation (experimental group) or not paired (control group). The experimental and control groups differed on the pattern of suckling in extinction, indicating an effect due to the contiguous presentation of movement and dextrose. Those experiments provide an analog for some naturally occurring conditions in early infancy and support some Soviet observations on the development of the earliest conditioned responses. PMID- 6965483 TI - Dose and serum concentration relationships in cimetidine-associated mental confusion. AB - A patient with severe liver disease and mildly obnormal but stable renal function was given cimetidine on two occasions for gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In each course, dosing was initiated at half the recommended dosage of 600 mg daily, and mental status deteriorated shortly after dosing began. A further dosage decrease to 300 mg daily allowed continuation of cimetidine therapy in absence of mental status alterations. In this patient, mental status changes occurred at lower serum concentrations than we have previously reported. This discrepancy was explained by analysis of cimetidine CSF concentrations, as this patient had abnormally high cimetidine blood to CSF permeability. Although the cause of increased CSF concentrations is unclear, cimetidine-associated mental confusion was dose related and completely reversible upon a decrease in dosage. Patients who develop cimetidine-associated mental status changes and who cannot have treatment stopped may be safely treated by individualizing the dosing rate. PMID- 6965484 TI - Natural killer cells--immunologist's fancy? PMID- 6965485 TI - SLE: idiopathic or drug-induced? AB - Procainamide has become the most frequent cause of the drug-induced lupus syndrome. Like other drugs that produce this syndrome, procainamide induces disease that closely resembles idiopathic SLE but differs from it in race and sex distribution, in rare involvement of the kidneys and central nervous system, and in the absence of antibody to native DNA. Although complete remission of the signs and symptoms of the disease occurs in most patients following discontinuation of the drug, some patients continue to be symptomatic and require treatment with corticosteroids. With prolonged procainamide therapy, antinuclear antibody develops in at least 50% of patients, and the lupus syndrome develops in approximately 20%. At present, it does not appear that a cumulative or daily dose of procainamide can be exclusively implicated in the appearance of antinuclear antibody or symptoms. Acetylation status may be one of the determining factors in the development of the SLE syndrome. PMID- 6965486 TI - T and B lymphocytes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 6965487 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas of childhood: a report of two cases. AB - The clinical, gross anatomical, light microscopic and ultrastructural features of two cases of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas of childhood are presented and compared with adult carcinoma of the pancreas. Both tumours showed acinar differentiation and zymogen granules were demonstrated by electron microscopy. A limited immunohistochemical study suggests that staining for alpha 1-antitrypsin may provide a marker for acinar differentiation. The histogenesis of this tumour is discussed in relation to the possible origins of islet cells. PMID- 6965488 TI - alpha-1-Antitrypsin phenotypes in French Canadian newborns. AB - Cord blood sera from 390 French Canadian babies born consecutively in a Montreal hospital were phenotyped for alpha 1-antitrypsin. As in other populations, Pi M was the most frequent allele. The second most frequent was Pi S (0.0923). This Pi S allele frequency is significantly different from that of other Canadians, but similar to that of Normans and Bretons. PMID- 6965489 TI - Hereditary angioneurotic edema: immunochemical 'activity' without clinical expression. AB - An 11-year-old white female with focal glomerulonephritis was found to have an absence of functional C1 esterase inhibitor. C1 esterase inhibitor measured by immunochemical means, however, was only slightly reduced. After an initial time period marked by variable hypocomplementemia, presumably due to immune complex formation associated with the nephritis, immunochemical signs of active and severe hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) developed. These have been unremitting for 3 1/2 years. Clinical signs of HANE, however, have never developed. Thus, during this time, there have been no clinical abnormalities despite the fact that free C1 esterase activity has been persistently present in this patient's serum and serum levels of functional C1 esterase inhibitor, C2 and C4 have been continuously less than 2% of normal. It appears, therefore, that this patient has an unusual form of HANE mainifested solely by the complement alterations seen during symptomatic attacks but without clinical expression of that serologic activity. PMID- 6965491 TI - Augmentation of guinea pig T lymphocyte proliferative response to antigens in the presence of purified B cells. AB - The effect of supplemental B lymphocytes on the antigen-induced in vitro proliferative response of highly purified lymph node T cells was studied in two immune systems of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and testicular antigen (TA) sensitized guinea pigs. When the T lymphocytes obtained from animals 2 weeks after CFA sensitization, though unresponsive to purified protein derivate of tuberculin (PPD) by themselves, were cultured together with mitomycin C-treated autologous B (Bm) lymphocytes (1:0.5 ratio), they responded well to PPD. The enhancing effect of Bm lymphocytes was less than that of mitomycin C-treated macrophages (M phi m) from the same animals. Analogous helper effect of Bm lymphocytes on the T cell proliferation was observed also in TA-sensitized animals. Additionally, it is noteworthy that the PPD-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes at 2 weeks after CFA sensitization was absolutely dependent on M phi and B lymphocytes, whereas T lymphocytes at 10--14 weeks exhibited a low but significant response by themselves, although their response to PPD was markedly augmented with supplemental M phi m or Bm lymphocytes. PMID- 6965492 TI - Decreased autologous rosette-forming T lymphocytes in alcoholic cirrhosis: absence of correlation with other T cell markers and with delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. AB - Autologous rosette-forming T lymphocytes were enumerated in periphal blood of patients with established alcoholic cirrhosis and compared with T lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep red blood cells (total and 'active' rosette-forming cells; RFC). Decreased autologous RFC was the most frequent T lymphocyte abnormality observed in 43 patients and was shown to occur even in patients with normal total and 'active' RFC. No correlation was found between autologous RFC and total or 'active' RFC. Skin anergy to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was noted in 44% of the patients tested. Autologous RFC did not correlate with delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. PMID- 6965490 TI - Concanavalin A inhibits the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs. AB - The effect of concanavalin A (Con A) on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was assessed in guinea pigs with a various time, dose and route schedule. EAE was significantly suppressed when 5 mg of Con A was injected in the sensitizing injection sites within 3 days before or after sensitization with bovine spinal cord in complete Freund's adjuvant. The EAE-suppressive activity of Con A was shown by significant reductions in incidence and severity of EAE, a delayed onset of EAE and low mortality. The proliferative response of draining lymph node cells (LNC) to myelin basic protein (BP), the growth of the draining lymph nodes (LN) and the proliferation of active rosette-forming T cells in the draining LN were all significantly suppressed in Con A-treated animals than those of unsuppressed animals. The depressed LNC reactivity to BP in Con A-treated animals was not increased when nylon wool adherent cells were removed, whereas there was a significant increase in unsuppressed animals. These results suggest that Con A suppressed EAE by inhibiting the proliferation of BP-sensitized T cells in the draining LN and that the interaction between T cell subsets could exert an inhibitory effect on EAE. PMID- 6965493 TI - Regulation of thymidylate synthetase in mouse leukemia cells (L1210). AB - L1210 mouse leukemia cells were synchronized by isoleucine deprivation followed by hydroxyurea treatment. Changes of thymidylate synthetase activity both in cell extracts and in the intact cells (in situ) were followed throughout the cell cycle. The enzyme activity assayed in situ, by measuring tritium released from [5 3H]deoxyuridine, changed markedly in relation to the DNA synthesis pattern, whereas that assayed in cell extracts remained unchanged. In the S phase of the cell cycle, activity of the enzyme was much higher as measured in situ than as measured in cell extracts. Hydroxyurea (1 mM) inhibited DNA synthesis in exponentially growing L1210 cells and was found to inhibit thymidylate synthetase activity in situ. However, the enzyme activity in cell extracts was not inhibited by the drug. In cells with DNA synthesis inhibited by hydroxyurea, the pattern of change of in situ activity with time suggested product inhibition. Results of isotope-dilution analysis of the release of tritium from [5-3H]deoxyuridine in the intact cells indicated that thymidine added to the medium caused strong inhibition of thymidylate synthetase, the most likely limiting step in this pathway. These data allow the suggestion that, during cell growth, thymidylate synthetase activity is regulated by thymine nucleotide(s), and is dependent on the rate of DNA synthesis as well as the availability of the salvage pathway substrate, thymidine. PMID- 6965494 TI - Occurrence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and diabetes mellitus in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6965495 TI - The dynamics of the prevalence of chronic episodic disease. PMID- 6965497 TI - Common pattern of two distinct types of colony-stimulating factor in human tissues and cultured cells. AB - Conditioned media prepared from human lung, placenta, peripheral leukocytes, cultured human pancreatic carcinoma cells, and cultured cervical carcinoma cells exhibit a common pattern of two distinct colony-stimulating factors (CSF) separable by isoelectrofocusing. Type I CSF appears polydisperse on isoelectrofocusing, showing multiple peaks with an isoelectric point of 3.6-4.7 and mol wt 50,000. It has a much higher activity in mouse than in human bone marrow, and stimulates the formation of predominately macrophage colonies. Type II CSF has an isoelectric point of 5.7 and mol wt 27,000 and exhibits higher activity in human than in mouse marrow, yielding predominately granulocytic colonies. PMID- 6965496 TI - Plasma deoxyadenosine, adenosine, and erythrocyte deoxyATP are elevated at birth in an adenosine deaminase-deficient child. AB - We have determined concentrations of adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and deoxyATP (dATP) in cord blood from an infant prenatally diagnosed as ADA deficient. Plasma deoxyadenosine and adenosine were already elevated in cord blood (0.7 and 0.5 microM vs. normal of less than 0.07 microM). Elevation of plasma deoxyadenosine has not previously been documented in these children. Erythrocyte dATP content was also elevated at birth (215 nmol/ml packed erythrocytes vs. normal of 2.9). These elevated concentrations of adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and dATP are similar to those we observed in another older adenosine deaminase-deficient patient and may explain the impaired immune function and lymphopenia seen at birth. PMID- 6965498 TI - Workshop on immune mechanisms in cutaneous disorders. PMID- 6965499 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography of the brain. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has long promised to provide a risk-free alternative method for both structural and functional tomography of the human body, since the original small scale demonstration of its principles by Lauterbur. The considerable technical problems involved in scaling up a successful 8 cm diameter line-scan NMR imaging apparatus have been overcome, and 128 x 128 element NMR tomograms of electronically definable planes less than 1 cm thick through the living brain can be produced routinely in total time of less than 2.5 min. The method used is briefly described, and it is compared with radionuclide emission tomography, which it most resembles. The contrast mechanism in the images and the hazard are also briefly discussed. PMID- 6965500 TI - Design of a high resolution positron emission tomograph: the Neuro-PET. AB - The design of a high resolution positron emission tomograph is described. The scanner has four rings of detectors with an inside diameter of 38 cm and produces seven simultaneous slices, including three cross-slices. Each ring contains 128 bismuth germanate scintillation detectors with dimensions of 8.25 x 20 x 35 mm; adjacent crystals are separated by tapered tungsten septa that extend to within 7.5 mm of the front faces. The anticipated geometrical spatial resolution of the scanner is 4.5 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) at the center of the image, and the sensitivity is 44,000 true counts/sec/ring (390,000 counts/sec total) for a uniform phantom 20 cm in diameter containing 1 muCi/cc activity. There are interchangeable collimators for use in high count rate studies, for narrowing the slice width from 1 cm FWHM to 5 mm FWHM, and for ultra-high resolution studies with a 2.5 mm FWHM geometrical point spread function. The electronic circuitry has separate timing and energy verification channels and can detect 95% of the coincidences with a timing window (twice the maximum time between two coincident pulses) of 14 nsec. The count rate capability of the electronics is 150,000 counts/sec/ring and 1.5 million counts/sec total. PMID- 6965501 TI - Computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - In 1917 Radon gave a simple formula for reconstructing a function (f(x,y,z) from its integrals over all planes in three-dimensions. We give a simple algorithm for numerical quadrature of his formula and suggest its application to imaging the nuclear magnetic resonance spin density of an object. PMID- 6965502 TI - Improving problem oriented medical records through self-audit. AB - In a teaching family medical center a strategy was sought to improve the quality of medical record keeping. A study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of a standardized form for self-audit. Validity and reliability of the form were established and it was shown that there was a significant improvement in the study group three weeks after the exposure period, as compared to a control group. Improvements occurred particularly in the recording of drugs prescribed and in the linkage of progress notes to the problem list. Despite this improvement, linkage to the problem list was seen to occur in only half of the studied charts. With modification the self-audit form appears to be a useful stimulus to good record keeping. PMID- 6965503 TI - Antinuclear antibodies in the cognitively impaired elderly. AB - The frequency of antinuclear antibodies was evaluated in older men and women aged 60 to 100 years with presumptive diagnoses of chronic brain syndrome or dementing illness. Thirteen per cent of the women and none of the men with organic brain syndrome had positive titers, compared to 3% for older men and women aged 60 to 89 years evaluated in a medical clinic population. It would appear to be valuable to evaluate the significance of antinuclear antibodies and other autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of dementing illness in the elderly. PMID- 6965504 TI - Immunosuppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs by antibrain and antithymocyte heteroantisera. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), induced by central nervous system (CNS) myelin basic protein (MBP) in adjuvant, is considered a thymus dependent autoimmune disease. Brain contains the thymic antigen, thy 1. The possibility that brain associated anti thy 1 immunoglobulin may be provoked in certain pathologic conditions of the CNS suggested a comparative evaluation of brain and thymocyte antisera on the development of EAE. Antisera produced in rabbits against brain from guinea pigs, rats and mice or fetal guinea pig thymus were highly reactive against thy 1 containing cells when assessed by indirect immunofluorescent staining or complement-mediated cell lysis. Treatment of guinea pigs with heteroantisera to guinea pig and mouse, but not to rat brain, for 3 days around the time of MBP sensitization markedly reduced physical signs of disease, particularly paralysis, but had little effect on the development of inflammatory lesions in the CNS. Anti-guinea pig thymocyte sera eliminated all physical signs of EAE with only residual pathology. These results establish the relative immunosuppressive effect of brain and thymocyte antisera in EAE and corroborate the thymus-dependent nature of EAE in guinea pigs. PMID- 6965505 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and B lymphocyte alloantigen HLA-DRw4. AB - Forty Caucasian patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis were tested for 7 HLA-DR alloantigens and 37 HLA-A, B, and C antigens and compared with 125 and 450 healthy controls, respectively. HLA-DRw4 was significantly (corrected p = 10(-3) increased in rheumatoid arthritis (55%) compared with controls (23%). There was no significant correlation between clinical, radiological or serological disease parameters and HLA-DRw4. The frequency of HLA B8 was increased in the patient group; however, the corrected p value was not significant. PMID- 6965506 TI - Proliferative responses of lympho-myelopoietic cells of mice after wound trauma. AB - The hypothesis that wound trauma produces either selective or total organ cell population alterations in the quantities of lympho-myeloproliferative elements in the major hematocytopoietic centers was tested. Mice were subjected to a 4% body surface skin wound on the anterior dorsum; their tissues were assayed 24 hours later for their total cellularity and proliferative potential. In wounded mice, the marrow cellularity was significantly decreased but this did not result in lower stem cell (CFU-s) and progenitor cell (CFU-c and M-CFC) quantities. However, there were significant selective and total population reductions in cells responsive to T and B cell mitogens. Splenic cellularity and stem cell quantities in wounded mice did not differ from control-treated animals. However, there were both selective and total population reductions in splenic CFU-c and M CFC. Wounding resulted in a greater splenic T cell response to phytohemagglutinin PHA, while the responses to concanavalin-A (CON-A) were similar to controls. The splenic B lymphocyte population was specifically increased. Wounding resulted in a significant thymic hypocellularity. This was mirrored by a selective decrease in M-CFC and a total cell population reduction in response to T cell mitogens. PMID- 6965507 TI - Fibrinogen catabolism in burned patients. AB - Plasma fibrinogen chromatography and other relevant determinations of factors of known importance in thrombus production and dissolution were done serially in 19 hospitalized burned patients. The findings indicate that the coagulation mechanism was chronically activated and that, judging from the observed, sustained elevation of circulating high molecular weight fibrin (ogen) complexes, intravascular clotting was occurring at a pathological, if variable, rate. In patients older than 50 years of age, a relatively impaired thrombolytic response was also found; the latter finding is of special interest, as it provides biochemical substantiation for the well-recognized clinical proclivity of elderly burn patients to thromboembolic complications. PMID- 6965509 TI - Erythromycin ethylsuccinate hepatotoxicity. PMID- 6965508 TI - Electrical stimulation in interstitial cystitis. AB - We treated 14 women with chronic interstitial cystitis with long-term intravaginal or transcutaneous nerve stimulation. Clinical and urodynamic evaluations were done after 6 months to 2 years. Improvement was not immediate but required a considerable period of continuous, daily use of electrical stimulation. The results were favorable--a substantial decrease in pain and frequency of micturition in all patients after long-term treatment. Since the methods seem effective and are simple, cheap and non-destructive electrical stimulation is recommended for all patients with chronic interstitial cystitis. PMID- 6965510 TI - Synergy in proliferative and cytotoxic responses of WF rats to syngeneic Gross virus-induced lymphoma cells in vitro. AB - A synergistic interaction between rat lymphoid cell subsets was found for the in vitro immune response to the syngeneic Gross virus-induced lymphoma (C58NT)D. Mixtures of thymocytes and lymph node cells from inbred WF rats primed in vivo to the lymphoma demonstrated significantly greater proliferative and cytotoxic reactivities in vitro than would be expected from the sum of the reactivities of the two cell types tested separately. A soluble extract of nonimmune syngeneic thymocytes, shown in previous studies to amplify the in vitro responses to alloantigen, was also demonstrated to increase significantly proliferative and cytotoxic responses in vitro to syngeneic lymphoma cells. Preliminary evidence indicated that this soluble thymus amplifier factor differed from previously described thymus factors. PMID- 6965511 TI - Spontaneous regression of Friend murine leukemia virus-induced erythroleukemia. V. Cell-mediated antivirus immunity in mice undergoing erythroleukemia regression and in leukemic mice. PMID- 6965512 TI - Early and late results of coronary artery bypass in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 6965513 TI - Neurologic dysfunction following cardiac operation with low-flow, low-pressure cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - A prospective 6 month study of all patients undergoing cardiac operation with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was undertaken to determine the incidence of neurologic and neuropsychological dysfunction following low-flow, low-pressure CPB. Among 204 patients who underwent cardiac operation with CPB, there were seven deaths (3.4%), six who developed new motor deficits (2.9%), and 35 (17.2%) who exhibited some neurologic or neuropsychological dysfunction at discharge. When compared to the 169 patients with no evidence of neurlogic or neuropsychological dysfunction at discharge, these 35 were older (65 +/- 10 versus 55 +/- 12 years), had a lower incidence of coronary artery bypass grafting as the sole surgical procedure (29% versus 55%), a higher mortality rate (11.4% versus 1.8%), and prolonged CPB (140 +/- 45 versus 107 +/- 38 minutes). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) during CPB was similar in the two groups (51 +/- 7 versus 49 +/- 7 torr), and an index of time at low pressure, torr x minutes below 50 (TM less than 50), was also similar in the two groups (589 +/- 591 versus 554 +/- 478 TM less than 50). The incidence of postoperative neurologic and neuropsychological complications appears comparable to that in reports from institutions employing high CPB flow and maintaining high CPB MAP. Our results suggest that CPB pressure, per se, is not the major determinant of postoperative neurologic and neuropsychological dysfunction. PMID- 6965514 TI - [Correction of the records in the clinical training: language used in the problem solving process]. PMID- 6965515 TI - [Information processing in nursing. 6. POS and an overview of nursing processes. 4. Clinical training using a standard care plan]. PMID- 6965516 TI - The early diagnosis of acoustic tumors using posterior fossa cisternography with iophendylate. AB - Posterior fossa cisternography is a basic method for confirming the presence of acoustic and other tumors of the cerebellopontine angle. A modified outpatient procedure with use of new instrumentation is described here, and comparisons are made to the conventional hospital procedure. A series of patients selected for outpatient posterior fossa cisternography was studied using data processing techniques. Presenting symptoms and preliminary test results were compiled, and an impression established as to the likelihood of a tumor being present. Outpatient posterior fossa cisternography was performed, with examination under fluoroscopy in certain circumstances; surgery was performed in certain instances. The results of diagnostic procedures, surgical procedures, and follow-up studies were coded, analyzed by computer, and conclusions drawn. PMID- 6965517 TI - The effect of lithium on murine hematopoiesis in a liquid culture system. AB - Lithium carbonate has been shown to increase granulocyte production. We studied the effect of lithium on murine hematopoiesis in a liquid culture system providing for the prolonged growth of stem cells and their progeny. After one week of incubation, lithium, at a supernatant concentration of 1 mmol per liter, increased murine pluripotent stem cells (CFU-S, or colony-forming units in spleen) to 232 per cent of control values (P less than 0.001), granulocyte monocyte progenitor cells (CFU-C, or colony-forming units in culture) to 218 per cent of control values (P less than 0.0001), granulocytes to 125 per cent of control values (P less than 0.01), and megakaryocytes to 246 per cent of control values (P less than 0.001). These increases were associated with transient elevations in colony-stimulatory activity. Prolonged exposure to lithium (three to 12 weeks) was associated with a dose-dependent progressive depletion of stem cells and their progeny. Lithium enhancement of granulopoiesis may be explained by primary stimulation of the pluripotent stem cell. Prolonged proliferative stress induced by lithium when the stem-cell reserve is limited may be associated with diminished replicative potential of the stem cells and rapid depletion of cells. PMID- 6965518 TI - Three-receptor, clonal expansion model for selection of self-recognition in the thymus. AB - The postulate is made that dual recognition by T lymphocytes is due to two types of receptor, one encoded by antibody genes and one by a distinct multigene family with simple rules for expression. This postulate leads to a model explaining ontogenic and evolutionary selection for self recognition, T lymphocyte effector function, the apparent high frequency of alloreactive T cells and immune response gene activity. The model is contrasted with previous explanations of self recognition phenomena. PMID- 6965519 TI - T-lymphocyte differentiation is accompanied by increase in sialic acid content of Thy-1 antigen. PMID- 6965520 TI - Two distinct factors are required for induction of T-cell growth. AB - The molecular and cellular basis of T-lymphocyte activation remains a central question in immunology. The growth of already proliferating T cells is known to depend on T-cell growth factor (TCGF), a physiological mitogen. Noncycling T lymphocytes, however, are not sensitive to TCGF. They require a short contact with mitogenic lectins, such as concanavalin A (Con A) or leukoagglutinin to bind and respond to TCGF, and will thereafter maintain exponential growth for long periods provided that TCGF is not limiting. While the induction of TCGF reactivity results from the direct contact of Con A with resting T cells, the lectin-dependent production of TCGF is known to involve two cell types, both present in mouse spleen. One consists of I-A-negative cells, most of which are Thy-1-positive T lymphocytes, and the other consists of I-A-positive, immunoglobulin-negative, Thy-1-negative cells, most of which are macrophages. The nature of the respective contributions of the two cell types, and in particular the cellular origin of TCGF, has not yet been established. We have now established the I-A-negative population as the source of TCGF and show here that macrophages are required to supply a 20,000-molecular weight factor, chemically and functionally distinct from TCGF, which supports the production of TCGF by the I-A-negative cells. PMID- 6965521 TI - Human antibody reacts with a B-cell subset in man to induce B-cell differentiation. PMID- 6965522 TI - PGE2 stimulates gastric chloride transport: possible key to cytoprotection. AB - Prostaglandins protect the stomach against a variety of noxious agents independently of effects on acid secretion, but the mechanism of this 'cytoprotection' is unknown. We recently proposed that gastric surface cells extrude or eliminate luminal acid by a process analogous to that described in squid axon, snail neurone, and barnacle muscle. Influxing luminal H+ combines with HCO3- which has entered the cell in exchange for intracellular chloride, probably at the nutrient membrane. Dehydration of the resulting H2CO3 into CO2 and H2O is catalysed by carbonic anhydrase, which is present in surface cells in large amounts. Interference with this chain of reactions at any point frequently causes ulceration. We have examined the effect of 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 (PGE) on different segments of this protective mechanism and show here that the protective effects are intimately associated with stimulation of chloride transport. All experiments were done in vitro thus eliminating any effects of prostaglandin on mucosal circulation. PMID- 6965523 TI - Muscarinic suppression of a novel voltage-sensitive K+ current in a vertebrate neurone. AB - Cholinergic excitation of vertebrate neurones is frequently mediated through the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic (atropine-sensitve) receptors. This type of excitation differs substantially from the better known nicotinic excitation. One difference is that, instead of an increased membrane conductance, a decreased conductance (to K+ ions) frequently accompanies muscarinic depolarisation. This has been detected in sympathetic, cortical and hippocampal neurones. Using voltage-clamped frog sympathetic neurones we have now identified a distinctive voltage-sensitive K+-current, separate from the delayed rectifier current, as the prime target for muscarinic agonists. We have termed this current the M-current, IM. PMID- 6965525 TI - Selective reconstitution of nude mice with long-term cultured and cloned specific helper T cells. AB - An antibody response is the end result of complex interactions among T cells, adherent cells and B cells. An understanding of the interactions involved has proved difficult as pure populations of these cells have not been available. By making use of T-cell growth factor, we were able to grow normal helper T cells specific for heterologous erythrocytes. Because specificity and mechanism of action of these cells had been demonstrated solely in culture, we sought to establish their competence in the whole animal. We have therefore examined here whether antigen-specific helper T cells, maintained in culture over long periods, would enable syngeneic nude mice to respond to T-cell dependent antigens. The results show that specific helper T cells, propagated in serum-free medium in vitro for up to 15 months, can selectively and specifically reconstitute syngeneic C57BL/6J nu/nu mice. Depending on the specificity of the injected helper T cells, such nude mice could respond to sheep red blood cells (SRC) but not to horse red blood cells (HRC) and vice versa. The magnitude of the response was comparable to that of normal mice and could exceed it by almost 10-fold, depending on the source and number of injected helper T cells. PMID- 6965526 TI - Postsynaptic effects of ethanol at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - The molecular mode of action of alcohol in the central nervous system (CN) is unclear. The effects of ethanol on axonal action potentials can only be measured at concentrations which are very much higher than those required to produce central effects. At the frog neuromuscular junction similar concentrations increase the open time (tau) of the ion channel associated with the nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor. We have now investigated the effect of ethanol on the postsynaptic membrane of the frog neuromuscular junction by measuring equilibrium dose-response curves for the interaction between the neuro transmitter (ACh) and the ACh receptors. Using this system, we found that ethanol produces significant changes in receptor function. Moreover, we found that an ethanol concentration which can be physiologically tolerated by man (0.2%) the dose-response curve is measurably affected. PMID- 6965527 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in minimal-change nephropathy. PMID- 6965524 TI - Is corticotropin releasing factor modulated vasopressin? PMID- 6965529 TI - Buccal cellulitis in infants. A review and case report. PMID- 6965528 TI - Need for complementary use of air ventriculography and computerized tomographic scanning in infected hydrocephalus. AB - Shunt failure in a hydrocephalic infant revealed a limitation of computerized tomographic scanning in the evaluation of hydrocephalus. The possibility of unilateral hydrocephalus in the patient who has a history of ventriculitis suggests a need for air ventriculography or pneumoencephalography before treatment by ventricular shunting. Air studies are also advised before external ventricular drainage and intrathecal antibiotic treatment to prevent incomplete therapy in cases where the lateral ventricles do not communicate. (Neurosurgery, 6: 98--98, 1980) PMID- 6965530 TI - Subscapular abscess due to Haemophilus influenzae type B. AB - Localized abscess formation is a rare but previously described manifestation of Haemophilus influenzae infection. A majority of the reported cases were caused by nontypeable strains of H influenzae. We report a case of an extensive subscapular abscess due to beta-lactamase-negative H influenzae type B. This, to our knowledge, is the first such case described in English literature. PMID- 6965531 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b in a day care center: relationship of nasopharyngeal carriage to development of anticapsular antibody. AB - We measured anticapsular antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b by radioimmunoassay in sera from 55 children attending a day care center in which two cases of H influenzae type b disease had occurred. The children ranged in age from 2 months to 36 months. Serum antibody levels in children attending the day care center were significantly higher than in age-matched controls (P less than .001), but in two different surveys one month apart 38% and 43% of the contacts had levels less than 100 ng/ml. Day care center children who were carriers of H influenzae type b had higher geometric mean antibody levels than noncarriers (478 ng/ml compared to 92 ng/ml, P less than .004). Nevertheless, six of 21 children (29%) with repeatedly positive cultures during four weeks of observation had concentrations of serum antibody less than 100 ng/ml when measured both by binding the 125I-derivative of the capsular antigen (polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate), or binding of 3H-polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate. These data may explain observations of H influenzae type b disease in contacts of cases more than 30 days after hospitalization of the index patient. PMID- 6965532 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with acute disseminated lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. AB - A 39 years old man experienced typical primary biliary (P.B.C.). Additional symptoms occured during the next four years including constitutional symptoms, polyarthralgias, nephrotic syndrom and chronic polyarthritis. Biologically, at the beginning of the disease, antimitochondrial antibodies were at the titer of 1/50,000, and the antinuclear antibodies at the titer of 1/10,000 (speckled pattern). During the course of the disease antimitochondrial antibodies decreased progressively and disappeared at the last control. The antinuclear antibodies progressed until 1/500,000 with anti Sm specificity. The association of P.B.C. and S.L.E., very seldom mentioned in the literature, is discussed among the auto immune diseases. PMID- 6965533 TI - [Sensitivity of strains resistant to tetracycline]. PMID- 6965534 TI - [Doxycycline sensitivity of Haemophilus]. PMID- 6965535 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma: reliability of "typing" using cyto-enzymatic markers. Comparison with immunological markers (author's transl)]. AB - Comparison between membrane markers and enzyme markers was made in 74 cases of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas and a good correlation appears between both methods in order to distinct lymphomas into T and B origin. Enzyme markers are reliable and provide quickly made and easily interpretable documents. As far as T lymphomas are concerned, three hydrolases namely acid phosphates e, acid esterase and B-glucuronidase give the same good results. As for B-lymphomas, a specific enzyme marker has to be found. Furthermore, typing of malignant lymphomas by enzymatic and/or immunologic methods appears to be quite better than from morphologic features such as convoluted or cleaved nuclei for example. PMID- 6965536 TI - [Chloramphenicol treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in infants]. PMID- 6965537 TI - [Unusual alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype in a child with bronchial dilatation]. PMID- 6965538 TI - [Rheumatism following salmonellosis]. PMID- 6965539 TI - Pain relief: electrical stimulation. PMID- 6965540 TI - Colour vision: seeing is not always believing. PMID- 6965541 TI - Von Willebrand's disease. AB - Von Willebrand's disease is an autosomally transmitted disorder of hemostasis caused by a deficiency of or defect in the von Willebrand factor in the blood, a protein required for adherence of platelets to an injured vessel wall. The disease's principal manifestations are spontaneous bleeding from mucous membranes, excessive bleeding from wounds, and menorrhagia. The major laboratory abnormality in prolongation of the skin bleeding time, with reduced platelet retention by glass bead columns, impaired platelet agglutination by ristocetin, and reduced factor VIII--related antigen and factor VIII coagulant activity as associated defects. Recommended therapy is infusion of plasma cryoprecipitate, which briefly corrects bleeding time and normalizes the disorder's other manifestations. PMID- 6965542 TI - Vestibular stimulator for handicapped clients. PMID- 6965543 TI - Postmentoplasty hemorrhage from pseudoaneurysm of the inferior labial artery. AB - A 29-year-old woman underwent rhinoplasty and augmentation mentoplasty. She subsequently developed a pseudoaneurysm of the inferior labial artery. This was responsible for three episodes of delayed, major postoperative bleeding before the lesion was identified and the aneurysm ligated. She has had no further episodes of bleeding. PMID- 6965544 TI - Computed tomographic signs of the Chiari II malformation. III: Ventricles and cisterns. AB - In patients with Chiari II malformations, the fourth ventricle is usually not visualized or appears small; the third ventricle is relatively small, typically has a large massa intermedia, and only occasionally exhibits parasellar and/or posterior third ventricular diverticula. The lateral ventricles are usually asymmetrically dilated, show medial pointing of the floor of the body near the foramen of Monro, flattening of the superolateral angles, and frequent absence of the septum pellucidum. Prior to and after shunting, the interhemispheric fissure may be either obliterated, or widely open with serrations corresponding to the interdigitated gyri of the cerebral hemispheres. Prominent confluent cisterns at the hind end of the third ventricle in patients with ventricular collapse may represent the CT equivalent of the dilated pericallosal, ambient and retropulvinaric cisterns seen in patients with hydrocephalus and poor ventricular filling at pneumography. PMID- 6965545 TI - Positron imaging feasibility studies: selective tumor concentration of 3H thymidine, 3H-uridine, and 14C-2-deoxyglucose. AB - The potential usefulness of substrates for glycolysis and nucleic acid synthesis as tumor imaging agents was compared to that of 67Ga-citrate. In separate experiments, 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine, 14C-2-deoxyglucose, and 67Ga-citrate were injected intraveneously into BALB/c mice with solid subcutaneous EMT-6 sarcomas. For the 3H- and 14C-labeled substrates, absolute uptakes in tumor and tumor-to blood ratios were as high 1 hour after injection as the comparable maximum values achieved for 67Ga-citrate after 48 hours. These studies suggest that positron labeled analogues of thymidine, uridine, and 2-deoxyglucose should be useful radiopharmaceuticals for tumor imaging by positron-emission tomography. PMID- 6965547 TI - Cerebellar stimulation. PMID- 6965546 TI - Intra-arterial vasopressin infusion in treating acute gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6965548 TI - Intraventricular extension of a ruptured basilar artery aneurysm. AB - Penetration of the floor of the third ventricle by a saccular basilar bifurcation aneurysm accounted for a primary intraventricular hemorrhage in a 75-year-old women. This unusual relationship between the aneurysm and the third ventricle was clearly demonstrated by a computed tomographic (CT) scan only after the interface between the aneurysm and the ventricle was projected in a plane parallel to the ventricular floor. The CT scan interpretation was corroborated by an autopsy study. The principle of varying the plane of projection in order to obtain optimum delineation of the relationships of an aneurysm is well established in angiography, but has not previously been reported in the study of aneurysms by CT scan. PMID- 6965549 TI - Reduction of postoperative pain and narcotic use by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. AB - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was evaluated as a postoperative analgesic. Patients undergoing lumbar spine operations, hip surgery, and gynecological laparotomies were studied. Sterile electrodes, placed near the incision immediately after operation, were connected to a continuously operating stimulator for 48 hours after operation. Results from 46 experimental patients demonstrated that TENS could reduce the demand for postoperative narcotics in a group of patients who had not used narcotic analgesics before operation. No significant benefit was observed for patients who had used narcotics prior to operation. PMID- 6965550 TI - Positron imaging of cerebral blood flow during continuous inhalation of C15O2. AB - This investigation tests the hypothesis that the normal cerebral image obtained non-invasively during continuous inhalation of C15O2 is related to cerebral blood flow. Trace amounts of CO2 labeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide 15O were administered to 4 normal subjects at normo- and hypocapnia and to 2 of these subjects at hypercapnia. Hypocapnia typically caused a marked decrease in cerebral 15O activity, and hypercapnia a small increase in activity. The relative difference in the change in count rate in response to hypo- and hypercapnia is what one would expect if the activity represented bloow flow, according to a mathematical model which assumes the 15O label enters the brain as water of perfusion. The findings in this study suggest that the normal cerebral image obtained during continuous inhalation of C15O2 is related to cerebral blood flow, but in a non-linear fashion, and that the technique would be more sensitive to ischemic events than to hyperemic phenomena. PMID- 6965552 TI - Lymphopoietic split chimerism in severe combined immunodeficiency after transplantation of cultured thymus epithelium. PMID- 6965553 TI - Reactivity of rat anti-Thy-1 serum with peripheral mouse T lymphocytes. PMID- 6965554 TI - Fatal haemorrhagic enteritis in a puppy associated with a parvovirus infection. PMID- 6965551 TI - Cytotoxic antibodies against surface immunoglobulin. AB - The reactivity of B lymphocytes, null lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, B and T cultured cell lines, monocytes, and granulocytes was tested against a panel of antisera under cold conditions of 5 C incubation followed by 25 C incubation in complement. The degree of cold cytotoxic activity against these cell types was in the order given above, with the C cells being the most sensitive. Surface immunoglobulin (SIg) staining followed the same distribution sequence, with the B cells containing the most SIg. Human IgM inhibited cold cytotoxic antisera but human IgG or human serum albumin (HSA) did not. IgM did not inhibit HLA antisera. We conclude that at least some cold cytotoxic antibodies react against surface IgM. PMID- 6965555 TI - [Cerebellopontile angle lesion syndrome in circulatory disorders in the vertebral basilar basin]. AB - Numerous observations of patients with the syndrome of cerebellopontile angle affection carried out with the use of the otoneurological method make it possible to specify a characteristic syndrome pointing to the vascular genesis. In such cases typical for the clinical picture were noise in the ears, progressing hardness of hearing, vestibular paroxysms, and symptoms charasteristic of involvement of the cerebellopontile angle revealed at neurological and otoneurological examinations. Along with the symptoms characteristic of impairment of the inner ear receptors these patients showed disturbances of the mechanism of experimental vestibular reactions, spontaneous nystagmus persisting after vestibular paroxysms for some months and sometimes years; a lowering of the sensitivity of the nasal and oral mucosa on the side of the affected ear, disturbances of taste on onehalf of the tongue, disorders of coordination and statics, olfactory disturbances of the trigeminal character. Observations of 84 patients (36 males and 48 females) aged from 40 to 59 years were analyzed in detail. The observations lasted from 4 months to 12 years. Some patients were admitted to the clinic with the diagnosis of "neurinoma of the VIIIth nerve". Detailed neurological examinations carried out in combination with other additional diagnostic methods made it possible to rule out that diagnosis: the process (of the same localization) was found to be of vascular character. Long term catamnesis and positive effects of pathogenetic therapy have shown that it is reasonable to regard the syndrome of the cerebellopontile angle affection in dyscirculatory disturbances of the vertebrobasilar system as a disease entity. PMID- 6965556 TI - Sequential studies of left ventricular function and wall motion after coronary arterial bypass surgery. PMID- 6965557 TI - Clinical features of left main equivalent coronary disease. PMID- 6965558 TI - Hard and soft data on treatment of left main coronary lesions. PMID- 6965559 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in genetically obese C57BL/6J ob/ob) mice. AB - The thymus and spleen of genetically obese (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mice weighed less and contained fewer mononuclear cells and Thy 1.2-positive lymphocytes compared with findings in lean controls. The number of splenic antibody forming cells, particularly IgG-producing lymphocytes, was reduced. There was a marked increase in natural killer cell activity and a slight increase in antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity in the obese animals. Cytotoxic response of spleen cells of obese mice immunized in vivo was markedly lower than that of lean controls, whereas the generation of T killer cells against alloantigens after in vitro immunization was unimpaired, which points to a deleterious "microenvironment" in obesity. It is suggested that metabolic, nutritional, and endocrine changes in obesity may contribute to altered immunocompetence. PMID- 6965561 TI - Studies of blood pressure in Tecumseh, Michigan. I. Blood pressure in young people and its relationship to personal and familial characteristics and complications of pregnancy in mothers. AB - Relationships between blood pressures (BPs) of young people and a number of personal, parental and familial characteristics have been assessed in the population of Tecumseh, Michigan. Systolic and fifth phase diastolic BPs were measured in 4500 persons under 20 years of age at the time of their first examination. Body size, fatness and heart rates of the subjects themselves were significantly related to their age- and sex-adjusted BP scores. The parents' BP scores were also correlated with those of the young subjects, and scores were significantly higher in those whose mothers had had high BP or toxemia in pregnancy of a stillbirth. A weak association between BP and socioeconomic circumstances was suggested by the slightly higher mean BP scores found in sons and daughters of men in blue collar jobs and of men and women with the least education. BP levels were not associated with birth order, sibship size or birth weight nor with the numbers of pregnancies, live births or abortions experienced by the mothers of young subjects. In a stepwise multiple regression, the most important determinants of BP were weight/height ratios of the subjects themselves and BP levels of their parents; a small additional effect of complications of pregnancy in the mother was detectable in the offspring 0--19 years laters. PMID- 6965560 TI - Penicillin susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1978. Screening for resistance by disk testing. AB - Recently, strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae with greatly increased resistance to penicillin (minimal inhibitory concentrations or MICs, 1--8 microgram/ml) were recovered in cultures of blood from patients in South Africa and from one in Minnesota who had serious pneumococcal infections. The authors undertook a study to determine whether these resistant strains have become prevalent in their locale. Between January and July 1978, the laboratories of hospitals serving the greater Madison, Wisconsin, area (population 200,000) contributed 243 pneumococcal isolates for susceptibility testing by an agar dilution technic. Strains with greatly increased resistance (MICs greater than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml) were not found; only six strains (2.4%) had relative resistance to penicillin (MICs .125--.50 microgram/ml), a range of susceptibility that has been associated with inconsistent clinical responses to treatment with penicillin. Overall, the susceptibility patterns of these 243 isolates are similar to those reported from other centers in North America over the past 30 years. Routine susceptibility testing of pneumococci by hospital laboratories in our area does not appear to be necessary now, but laboratories are advised to screen blood and spinal fluid isolates by a disk-diffusion method. Studies of these 243 isolates and seven South African multiply-resistant strains using a modified Kirby-Bauer technic, showed that a zone of inhibition less than 35 mm around a 10-unit penicillin disk, or better, less than 17 mm around a 1-microgram oxacillin disk, correlates strongly (P less than .001) with resistance to penicillin (MIC greater than or equal to .1 microgram/ml). PMID- 6965564 TI - Internal iliac artery ligation for postpartum hemorrhage: recanalization of vessels. PMID- 6965563 TI - MS: problem oriented nursing care plans. PMID- 6965562 TI - Cell surface phenotype in lymphoproliferative disease. PMID- 6965565 TI - Antiprostaglandin drugs and Von Willibrand's disease. PMID- 6965566 TI - Cryptococcal chorioretinitis. AB - A 40-year-old man developed obstructive hydrocephalus of uncertain cause followed by bilateral intraocular inflammation, which was initially diagnosed as toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. When visual acuity in the left eye decreased to no light perception and vision in the right eye was failing, a diagnostic enucleation of the blind left eye was performed. A diagnosis of cryptococcal endophthalmitis was established and the remaining right eye showed improvement after systemic anticryptococcal therapy. PMID- 6965567 TI - Use of a fluorescent cyanine dye for electrophysiological studies on the frog cornea. PMID- 6965568 TI - Noninvasive determination of local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in man. AB - A method for the determination of local cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (LCMRGlc) in normal man is described. The method employs [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D glucose (FDG) and emission-computed tomography (ECT). FDG was injected intravenously as a bolus. Radioactivities in separate brain regions were measured with ECT. Plasma FDG concentration following injection was measured from blood samples. A mathematical model that describes the kinetics of FDG transports was employed to determine the transport rate constants of FDG and to convert the radioactivity measurements to metabolic rates. The model has taken into account the possible dephosphorylation reaction from FDG-6-PO4 (FDG-6-P) to free FDG in brain tissues. Experiments were performed in 13 normal volunteers. The rate constants of FDG in man were found to be comparable to those of deoxyglucose in rat and in rhesus monkey. The average LCMRGlc in gray and in white matter were found to be 7.30 +/- 1.18 (SD) and 3.41 +/- 0.64 mg/min per 100 g brain tissue, respectively. The subject-to-subject variation of LCMRGlc as measured by the present method was comparable to those of other methods that measure whole-brain CMRGlc. PMID- 6965569 TI - Stimulation of rat oxyntic gland mucosal growth by epidermal growth factor. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits gastric acid secretion, but its effects on the growth of gut mucosa have not been examined. Fasted male rats were given six injections of EGF (10 micrograms/kg) over a 48-h period. The animals were killed and the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into various tissues was examined and compared to rats treated with NaCl, pentagastrin, and EGF plus secretin. EGF and pentagastrin significantly increased DNA synthesis of the oxyntic gland mucosa. Pentagastrin, but not EGF, stimulated DNA synthesis of duodenal and colonic mucosa as well. Neither peptide altered skin DNA synthesis. Secretin inhibited the effects of pentagastrin but not EGF. Chronic administration of EGF (5 days) caused significant increases in oxyntic gland mucosal DNA, RNA, and protein content. These results not only demonstrate that EGF is a trophic agent for the oxyntic gland mucosa but lend further support to the hypothesis that acid secretion and mitogenesis are the result of two separate mechanisms. PMID- 6965570 TI - Results of esophageal transection for esophageal varices: experience in 100 cases. AB - The results of transthoracic esophageal transection in 100 patients with esophageal varices are described. There were 11 operative deaths in this series, and the majority of patients died from hepatic failure. Esophageal varices disappeared completely in 81 percent of the patients and faded in 18 percent. Post-transection rebleeding was observed in six cases. There were 16 late deaths, caused mainly by hepatic failure and hepatoma. The 3 year and 5 year survival rates includine mortality rate, the efficacy in eliminating varices and the sufficient survival rate, it is presumed that esophageal transection is the most suitable operation for esophageal varices, even in poor risk patients. PMID- 6965573 TI - Chlorpromazine and immunologic considerations of schizophrenia. PMID- 6965571 TI - Hepatic and splenic infarctions: complications of therapeutic transcatheter embolization. AB - Two cases are described in which therapeutic transcatheter Gelfoam embolization was complicated by fatal hepatic infarction in one patient and splenic infarction with abscess formation in another patient. These are unusual complications of this widely used therapeutic technique. The probable pathophysiology of these complications is discussed and suggestions for managing and avoiding them are made. PMID- 6965572 TI - Jaundice from troleandomycin and oral contraceptives. PMID- 6965575 TI - [Computer gas cisternography. A new method for tomographic exploration of the cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory meatus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6965574 TI - Normal ciliary ultrastructure in children with Kartagener's syndrome. AB - Kartagener's syndrome has been found to be associated with the immotile cilia syndrome (lack of dynein arms and defective radial spokes in cilia). The ultrastructure of cilia of a child with Kartagener's syndrome was examined and found to be within normal limits. The implications of this are discussed. PMID- 6965576 TI - [Comparison of carminomycin and rubomycin action on the dynamics of the immune response to the T-independent Vi-antigen of S. typhi]. AB - The effect of carminomycin and rubomycin on the dynamics of the primary immune response to T-independent Vi-antigen of S. typhi was studied. Differences in the character of the antibiotic effect indicative of the high selective effect of carminomycin on the multiplying cells or precursors of the antibody forming plasmocytes were noted. It was found that the carminomycin inhibitory effect on synthesis of hemagglutinins to Vi-antigen was higher than that to sheep red blood cells. Carminomycin was shown to impair the formation of the immunological memory, while rubomycin did not suppress the development of the "memory cell" clone to T-independent antigen. PMID- 6965577 TI - Immunologic evaluation in mycosis fungoides. Before and after PUVA therapy. AB - Eight patients with mycosis fungoides (seven in plaque stage and one with tumors) were successfully treated with methoxalen-ultraviolet-A (PUVA) photochemotherapy. A selective immunity evaluation had been carried out prior to starting treatment and was repeated sevedn to 33 months (mean, 22 months) later. The results of pre PUVA and post-PUVA therapy evaluation were compared. The delayed hypersensitivity responses improved in all eight patients, and four patients who were anergic before treatment manifested a normal response after PUVA therapy. The T lymphocyte counts were reduced in four patients before PUVA therapy (mean +/- SD, 66.72% +/- 9.78%) and in seven patients after PUVA (mean +/- SD, 54.43% +/- 10.86%; P = .03). The results of mitogen stimulation studies with phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A were equivocal. The levels of serum immunoglobulins were not affected. One patient had a positive antinuclear factor test of low titer. PMID- 6965578 TI - Penetration characteristics of cefamandole into the right atrial appendage and pericardial fluid in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. AB - In 24 patients undergoing open-heart operation, 2 gm of cefamandole was administered intravenously by bolus technique at various time intervals prior to operation. Samples of pericardial fluid, atrial appendage tissue, and serum were obtained simultaneously in order to compare antibiotic levels in these sites as a function of time. All samples were microbiologically assayed by disc diffusion. Using linear regression analysis, the atrial appendage and serum half-lives for cefamandole were 36 and 38 minutes, respectively. At 40 minutes, peak levels of cefamandole were observed both in pericardial fluid and in atrial appendage tissue. The peak concentrations of cefamandole were 50 micrograms/gm in atrial appendage and 25 micrograms/ml for free drug content in pericardial fluid. These amounts were appreciably above the mean minimum inhibitory concentration of cefamandole for penicillin-resistant staphylococci, the usual pathogens grown in infections following implant operation. PMID- 6965579 TI - Propranolol for prevention of postoperative cardiac arrhythmias: a randomized study. AB - Two hundred twenty-three patients were randomly selected to receive propranolol, 10 mg orally every 6 hours, or to serve as controls after coronary artery bypass grafting. The study began at the time of discharge from the intensive care unit. Patients were ineligible if they had cardiac arrhythmias while in the intensive care unit, low cardiac output requiring catecholamine support, or bradycardia requiring a pacemaker. In the control group, cardiac arrhythmias for which treatment was necessary developed in 31 of 136 patients (23%), atrial fibrillation or flutter in 24 patients (18%), and ventricular arrhythmias in 7 (5%). In the group receiving propranolol, cardiac arrhythmias requiring treatment developed in 9 of 87 patients (10%), atrial fibrillation or flutter in 7 (8%), and ventricular arrhythmias in 2 (2%). The difference in frequency with which cardiac arrhythmias occurred between the two groups is significantly different (p less than 0.05). We conclude that propranolol is effective in the prevention of cardiac arrhythmias following coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 6965580 TI - The use of blood and blood components in 1,769 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. AB - There has been a decrease in the use of whole blood and red cell transfusions during and after open-heart operations in the greater Kansas City area from an average of slightly more than 9 units per patient from 1969 through 1971, to just over 3 units per patient from 1975 through 1977. In 1977, 1,256 patients, or 71% of 1,769 patients, underwent coronary artery bypass exclusively and had an average transfusion utilization of 2.6 units. All other open-heart operations averaged 4.7 units per patient. Hemodilution and the acceptance of hematocrits between 25 and 30% in open-heart operations are probably the main factors responsible for lower transfusion use per patient, while the increased proportion of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass accounts for a further decrease in the average amount of blood used per patient. It is of note that blood transfused to patients having an open-heart operation was not significantly fresher than blood for routine use, yet hemostasis was not a problem as evidenced by the small use of fresh-frozen plasma in 67 patients (3.8%) and platelet concentrates in 42 patients (2.4%). PMID- 6965582 TI - Spastic gait and acquired aqueductal stenosis in an adult. AB - A man with spastic gait and weakness of the legs had clinical signs that pointed to the cervical spinal cord as the site of the responsible lesions. Computerized tomography showed aqueductal stenosis with hydrocephalus. Function improved after shunting. PMID- 6965581 TI - Radiation-induced life shortening in neonatally thymectomized germ-free mice. AB - Radiation in sufficient amounts is carcinogenic, immunosuppressive, and results in a reduced life span. Similar consequences follow neonatal thymectomy (nTx) in some strains of rodents. The tumorigenic effects of irradiation appear to be partly mediated via suppression of the thumus-dependent portion of the immune response. Our purpose was to determine whether a similar relationship exists for radiation-induced accelerated aging. Female germ-free Charles River mice had neonatal or sham thymectomies within 24 hours of birth. Half of each group was exposed to 700 rads at 6 weeks of age. When mice with histologically malignant tumors were excluded, the combined life-shortening effects of nTx and irradiation were less pronounced than the sum of the individual effects. This suggests that some of the decreased longevity associated with irradiation may be mediated by T cell injury. PMID- 6965583 TI - Embryo genome transcripts contribute to the increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity required for gastrulation. PMID- 6965584 TI - [Arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern --a case report and its clinical analysis based on the published cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6965585 TI - Exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in the follow-up of aortocoronary bypass graft surgery. AB - The predictive accuracy of exercise thallium-201 (201Tl) myocardial scintigraphy in the evaluation of aortocoronary bypass graft surgery was assessed in 48 patients undergoing angiographic investigation 15 months (mean time) after myocardial revascularisation. 201Tl scintigrams detected 61 out of 77 (79%) patent grafts but only 21 out of 42 (50%) occluded grafts, though, for grafts supplying non-infarcted myocardium, the predictive accuracy of graft patency and graft occlusion was 85 per cent and 81 per cent, respectively. Stress electrocardiography failed to detect 15 out of 21 patients with scintigraphic evidence of regional myocardial ischaemia. Residual ischaemia in the proximal left anterior descending coronary distribution was commonly detected in 201Tl scintigrams despite a patent, well-functioning left anterior descending graft to the distal coronary segment. Additional residual ischaemia attributable to ungrafted coronary disease was detected by scintigraphy in 32 (67%) patients and most commonly occurred in the distribution of the diagonal branch of the left anterior descending especially in the presence of a patent distal left anterior descending graft. Thus, independent grafts to the diagonal branch of the left anterior descending are recommended at the time of aortocoronary bypass graft surgery. PMID- 6965586 TI - Unilateral lattice dystrophy of the cornea. AB - Five cases of unilateral and 1 case of bilateral lattice dystrophy of the cornea in 1 family are reported. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the characteristic clinical appearance. The unilateral lesions were generally asymptomatic and required no treatemnt. PMID- 6965587 TI - Effect of ouabain on electrical conductance of frog skins. Evidence against recycling of sodium. AB - Ouabain (10(-4) M) added to the serosal solution of isolated frog skin not only stops the active transport of Na+ but causes a dramatic increase in the electric conductance of the skin. The effect also appears when ouabain is added to amiloride-pretreated skins, ruling out the possibility of a cellular effect. The similarity between the effect of ouabain on normal and amiloride-pretreated skins indicates that no appreciable recycling of Na+ across the basolateral membrane of frog skin takes place. The change of Na+ efflux after ouabain is added to amiloride-pretreated skins parallels the change of electric conductance, indicating that besides blocking the Na+ pump, ouabain affects the paracellular shunt pathway between the cells. PMID- 6965588 TI - T cell immune function in newborn infants. AB - T cell immune function in 20 newborn infants was investigated. Previous studies showing increased spontaneous transformation and higher 3H-thymidine incorporation at lower PHA concentration in newborn infants were confirmed. A net increase in the number of active E rosette-forming lymphocytes and a slight decrease in the percentage of total E rosette-forming cells was also found. Our results suggest the presence of a subpopulation of activated T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of newborns during the first days of life. Possible mechanisms of this activation are discussed. PMID- 6965589 TI - The pharmacologic effects of PGE1 on murine lymphocytes. AB - Although PGE1, in pharmacologic quantities, possesses significant in vivo immune modulating activities, its effects on different lymphoid populations have not been defined. In the present study, lymphocyte numbers, turnover rates, and functional activities were assessed in Swiss-Webster mice receiving PGE1, 200 microgram twice daily, for up to 14 days. The most pronounced cellular alterations were observed in the thymus. After 2 wk, the number of theta-positive cells decreased by 81%. Total splenic cellularity was concomitantly reduced by 28%. This was primarily due to a loss of B lymphocytes; the number of these cells decreased by 40%. Bone marrow lymphocytes were also decreased by PGE1 administration. By contrast, peripheral blood lymphocytes and splenic T cells were not significantly altered. Similar changes in lymphocyte numbers were observed in adrenalectomized mice, indicating that depletion was not due to a corticosteroid effect. In normal mice, PGE1 reduced the in vivo incorporation of 3HTdr in both the thymus and the spleen by approximately 50%; this finding, in conjunction with histologic and cytologic observations, suggests a decrease in intrinsic rates of lymphopoiesis. Residual splenocytes were not impaired in their in vitro responses to three polyclonal mitogens: PHA, Con-A, and endotoxin. Studies in cortisol-treated mice showed that PGE1 caused a decrease in both steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant thymocytes and splenocytes. PMID- 6965590 TI - Response to endotoxin of endotoxin-"resistant" C3H/HeJ mice: a model for study of hematopoietic control. PMID- 6965591 TI - Differential regulation of spleen cell-mediated eosinophil and neutrophil macrophage production. AB - Nonadherent spleen cells of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis released growth stimulatory factors (GSFs) in vitro when challenged with excretory/secretory products of muscle stage larvae. The assay of GSF was based on proliferation of normal, nonadherent syngeneic marrow cells in liquid tube cultures. Media conditioned for 1 day by challenged spleen cells stimulated eosinophil production but failed to stimulate production of other cell types. In contrast, media conditioned for 5 days supported eosinophil, neutrophil, and macrophage production. The kinetics of cell production were also different. Eosinophil production started within 1 day, reached a peak at day 2, and was down to control levels by day 4. In contrast, neutrophil/macrophage production began between 2 and 4 days and reached a peak at 6--8 days. The short duration of eosinophil production was evidently due to depletion of growth-factor-responsive cells. PMID- 6965592 TI - The effect of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on Friend erythroleukemia cells. AB - Cultures of Friend erythroleukemia cells were subjected to the antibiotics trimethoprim (T) and sulfamethoxazole (S) at levels equal to or below the usual therapeutic range. At T 8 microgram/ml and S 40 microgram/ml, cell growth was arrested, cells appeared megaloblastic, and the examination of cell-cycle distribution by flow microfluorimetry revealed arrest in S phase. With a tenfold reduction in drug levels (T, 08 microgram/ml; S, 4 microgram/ml) cell growth was less markedly inhibited, morphology remained megaloblastic, and S-phase block was still dramatic. A further tenfold reduction (T, 0.08 microgram/ml; S, 0.4 microgram/ml), well below effective antibacterial levels, allowed normal cell growth and morphology but DNA synthesis was still inhibited. Additions of folinic acid at 100 ng/ml averted all drug effects. Thus T/S can affect cell replication even at levels well below those usually employed and could prolong the rate of recovery of hematopoietic cells in the myelosuppressed patient. PMID- 6965593 TI - Thymidine as a chemotherapeutic agent: sensitivity of normal human marrow, peripheral blood T cells, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - Normal marrow granulocyte (CFU-GM) and peripheral blood T-lymphocyte (CFU-TL) colony-forming cells were studied for their sensitivity to high concentrations of thymidine (dThd) and compared to leukemic CFU from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). The sensitivity of two ANLL cell lines was also assessed. dThd was toxic to both CFU-GM and CFU-TL at concentrations above 10(-5) M when cultured under conditions where dThd exposure was analogous to that used in clinical trials. There was little variation in the fractional colony survival between marrow samples, and the sensitivity of CFU-GM closely approximated that of CFU-TL. Thymine was not toxic at up to 10(-3) M. In liquid culture, T cells in G0 at the start of exposure were able to proliferate in the presence of 10(-3) M dThd, whereas T cells already proliferating in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at the start of dThd exposure were killed. Leukemic CFU demonstrated marked variability in dThd sensitivity; blasts from some patients were resistant to dThd, while others were greater than 100-fold more sensitive than normal CFU-GM. PMID- 6965594 TI - Use of venom coagglutinin and lyophilized platelets in testing for platelet aggregating von Willebrand factor. PMID- 6965595 TI - High-dose thymidine infusions in patients with leukemia and lymphoma. PMID- 6965597 TI - Kinetic effects of tubocurarine on skeletal muscle at high agonist concentrations [proceedings]. PMID- 6965596 TI - Continuous human bone marrow culture: Ia antigen characterization of probable pluripotential stem cells. AB - The presence of Ia-like antigens on human CFU-C and BFU-e is confirmed and a cell type that lacked immediate capacity for granulocytic colony formation but generated CFU-c after brief incubation in simple suspension culture is identified. This pre-CFU-c, and its immediate progeny, was extremely sensitive to killing by anti-Ia serum with complement. In contrast, anti-Ia serum plus complement treatment of human bone marrow, while eliminating 93%-97% of all CFU-c and BFU-e, did not prevent the rapid regeneration of these progenitor cells and their production for some weeks under the conditions of continuous marrow culture. These studies suggest that the human equivalent of the pluripotential stem cell can replicate for some weeks in culture and generate committed progenitors, such as CFU-c and BFU-e. Furthermore, it would appear that Ia-like antigen is absent on the pluripotential stem cell, is rapidly gained as commitment to the various progenitor cell types occur, and is subsequently lost as these latter undergo differentiation within the marrow. PMID- 6965598 TI - Inhibition of effects of isoprenaline and adrenaline by Haemophilus influenzae vaccination [proceedings]. PMID- 6965599 TI - Postpartum cranial diabetes insipidus. PMID- 6965600 TI - Flight from science. PMID- 6965601 TI - Evoked auditory activity within the telencephalon of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). AB - Two auditory responsive regions in the telencephalon of the bullfrog were localized by combining systematic evoked potential depth recordings with subsequent histological studies. Large negative potentials (n1) from the ventral striatum and large positive potentials (p1) from the medial pallium were recorded in response to complex sounds with parameters similar to those found in the species-specific vocalizations. Simple acoustic stimuli, such as clicks and single tones, failed to excite these regions. Although the source of the auditory afferents to the medial pallium is presently uncertain, based on our electrophysiological recordings and previous anatomical studies it seems likely that the ventral striatum is the next ascending area above the auditory thalamus in the anuran auditory pathway. PMID- 6965603 TI - Excitatory premotor burst neurons in the cat pontine reticular formation related to the quick phase of vestibular nystagmus. PMID- 6965602 TI - Columnar pattern in the cat's visual cortex after optokinetic stimulation. PMID- 6965604 TI - The effect of lesions of the dorsal cap of the inferior olive on the vestibulo ocular and optokinetic systems of the cat. AB - The gain (eye velocity/head velocity) of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of cats was measured in the dark and light for sinusoidal head oscillations at 0.05 and 1.2 Hz with peak velocity of about 30 deg/sec. Animals wore visual reversing prisms chronically and were also subjected to forced oscillation in the light at 0.05 Hz for 2 h per day. Such experience produced adaptive reduction in VOR gain in the dark from 0.85 to 0.10 within about 4 days; qualitatively similar effects were observed at 1.2 Hz. In 4 cats, the dorsal cap of the inferior olive was located electrophysiologically by its responses to visual motion, and bilateral electrolytic lesions were made in or near this structure. The location of lesions was subsequently identified by histology. After lesions, 3 cats were unable to make adaptive changes in VOR gain when confronted with the same reversing prism paradigm; the fourth exhibited appreciable retardation of adaptation. These results imply that the dorsal cap is essential for plastic adaptation of the VOR. However, all cats retained the ability to use reversed vision to reduce VOR gain in the light after lesions. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) were measured in a striped optokinetic drum, before and after dorsal cap lesions, at drum velocities of 20 and 40 deg/sec. Lesions of the dorsal cap in 4 cats did not impair either OKN or OKAN. This result indicates that the climbing fiber system reaching the flocculus from the inferior olive is not essential for such optokinetic movements. PMID- 6965605 TI - Optokinetic asymmetry in patients with maldeveloped foveas. PMID- 6965606 TI - Splenic T and B lymphocytes and their mitogenic response in untreated Hodgkin's disease. AB - The splenic T and B cell distribution in 79 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease was quite similar to that in 15 control patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or carcinoma. The mean T lymphocyte percentage was slightly higher in involved spleens than in uninvolved spleens of patients with Hodgkin's disease. There was no significant difference in the T and B cell distribution between tumor area and tumor-free area of the same spleens of Hodgkin's disease patients. Splenic T and B cell distribution did not correlate well with the clinical features of Hodgkin's disease. The splenic T cell percentage was significantly lower than that of the peripheral blood T cell percentage (P less than 0.05), while the splenic B cell percentage was significantly higher than peripheral blood B cell percentage (P less than 0.01) in 13 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease. The splenic T lymphocyte response to PHA was significantly higher than the peripheral blood T lymphocyte response (P less than 0.05), and the splenic B lymphocyte response to PHA, in the presence of irradiated autologous splenic T lymphocytes, was also significantly higher than the peripheral blood B lymphocyte response (P less than 0.05) in 8 and 6 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease, respectively. Since the control splenic cells, utilized in this study were obtained not from patients with non-neoplastic disease, but from patients with neoplastic disease other than Hodgkin's disease, our data are not conclusive, but only suggestive of normal T and B cell distribution and function in uninvolved spleens of patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6965607 TI - Immunochemical detection of fecal occult blood--the fecal smear punch-disc test: a new non-invasive screening test for colorectal cancer. AB - An immunochemical test for fecal occult blood was developed for use in colon cancer screening. The test employs high titer monospecific antisera to intact human hemoglobin in a radial immunodiffusion assay. Patient smears on specially treated filter paper allow screening procedures similar to those using Hemoccult slides. Minimum detectible hemoglobin was 0.3 mg/gm stool, and no cross reactivity with dietary constituents, drugs, or chemicals occurred. The accession of 150 consecutive cases of colon-rectal carcinoma was accomplished from three community hospitals. In each instance, at least one preoperative fecal specimen was obtained for companion smear testing with immunochemical punch-disc and commercial Hemoccult slides. Twenty-nine percent of the cases were found not to be bleeding by either test. Occult bleeding was detected by Hemoccult in 40% of the cases, and occult bleeding was detected by immunochemical testing in 65% of the cases. A surprising discovery was that rectal lesions had a much lower rate of of positiuity with both tests (Hemoccult-29%, Immunochemical-50%) than other locations. These results suggest that immunochemical screening for occult blood loss will provide a higher rate of detection of colon cancer. PMID- 6965608 TI - Pseudonodular pattern of T-cell lymphoma. AB - The recently recognized mediastinal lymphoma of childhood is associated with early blood involvement and relentless, rapid progression. Component neoplastic cells characteristically exhibit diffuse growth patterns, convoluted nuclei, and T-cell markers. Occasionally, as in the present lymphoma, the tumors are composed of cellular nodules resembling the histologic pattern of nodular lymphocytic lymphoma. However, the nodules are derived from germinal centers and consequently do not represent the histologic pattern commonly associated with a more favorable prognosis. PMID- 6965609 TI - Modulation of phagocytosis by tumor promoters and epidermal growth factor in normal and transformed macrophages. PMID- 6965611 TI - Structural studies of the capsular antigen from Haemophilus influenzae type f. PMID- 6965610 TI - Structural studies of the Haemophilus influenzae type f capsular polysaccharide. PMID- 6965613 TI - Co-expression of differentiation markers in hybrids between Friend cells and lymphoid cells and the influence of the cell shape. AB - We have studied the regulation of differentiation within the hemopoietic system by fusing mouse Friend cells (which can be induced to undergo red blood cell differentiation) to various mouse lymphomas and myelomas which express characteristic T and B lymphocytes surface antignes. Our results show that both erythroid and lymphoid differentiation markers can be co-expressed within the same cell. To determine whether this result applies to other differentiation states, we fused suspension Friend cells to three adherent fibroblast cell lines, and isolated both adherent and suspension hybrids. In fact, suspension hybrid clones were inducible for hemoglobin, whereas adherent clones were not. No obvious differences in overall chromosome balance were evident between the adherent and suspension hybrids. A similar correlation between suspension morphology and inducibility of hemoglobin was found in hybrids between suspension Friend cells and an adherent lymphoma line. These results show that different developmental programs can be co-expressed within the same hybrid cell; but the strongly adherent type of morphology is inconsistent with expression of the red blood cell phenotype, both in hybrid cells derived entirely from hemopoietic parental cells and in cells from widely different lineages. PMID- 6965612 TI - Distribution patterns of neurotensin-like immunoreactive cells in the gastro intestinal tract of higher vertebrates. AB - The endocrine system of the gastro-intestinal tract of selected species representing the five higher vertebrate classes was investigated with reference to occurrence and distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactive cells. Using antibodies against C-terminal and N-terminal fragments of neurotensin and against the C-terminal sequence of xenopsin it was demonstrated that the intestine of all species studied contains endocrine, neurotensin-like immunoreactive cells. However, large differences in localization and frequency of these neurotensin like immunoreactive cells were found. Except for a teleostean fish, neurotensin like immunoreactive cells in the gastro-intestinal tract were more frequent in non-mamalian vertebrates than in mammals. In contrast to mammals, where the highest density of neurotensin-like immunoreactive cells was present in the ileal mucosa, in the non-mammalian vertebrates studied the corresponding cells were most abundant in the pyloric-duodenal junction. The exact mapping of neurotensin like immunoreactive cells is presented throughout the entire gastro-intestinal tract of six species (Rattus, Coturnix, Lacerta, Rana, Xenopus, Carassius) including a quantitative evaluation of sequential serial sections. PMID- 6965614 TI - Binding sites for measles virus antigens on human B and T lymphocytes. PMID- 6965615 TI - Mitogenic response of human and murine T lymphocytes to staphylococcal protein A: not mediated by binding to cell surface immunoglobulins. PMID- 6965616 TI - Biological effects of anti-idiotypic antibodies on lymphocyte function. I. Analysis of the effects on B lymphocytes of combining site and framework-directed anti-T-15 idiotypic antibodies. PMID- 6965617 TI - Modulation of T-cell functions. I. Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol and macrophages on T-cell proliferation. PMID- 6965618 TI - Elevated plasma fibrinopeptide A and thromboxane B2 levels during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Patients who underwent operations in which cardiopulmonary bypass was used had elevations of plasma fibrinopeptide A which did not return to normal during bypass despite conventional heparin anticoagulation, suggesting inadequate heparin dosage and continued thrombin activity during the operation. Patients who underwent aortocoronary artery grafting had high plasma thromboxane B2 levels and a rapid fall in platelet count at the onset of extracorporeal circulation. Thromboxane elevations were less marked in patients who underwent valve replacement. Platelet aggregation and coronary artery constriction secondary to thromboxane production may contribute to the morbidity of cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6965619 TI - Detection of patent coronary bypass grafts by computed tomography. A preliminary report. AB - Twenty-three coronary bypass graft patients were evaluated by a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) technique to determine graft patency. Four to six 4.8 second sequenced scans with a 1-second interscan interval were obtained in each patient during the hand injection of 25-30 ml of contrast medium in a peripheral vein. Patency of grafts was determined by a characteristic contrast enhancement. The CT technique correlated with angiographic assessment of graft patency in 59 of 62 grafts (95%). We conclude that this relatively noninvasive technique shows promise as a method for determining coronary bypass graft patency. PMID- 6965620 TI - Mitogen receptor redistribution defects and concomitant absence of blastogenesis in ataxia-telangiectasia T lymphocytes. PMID- 6965621 TI - Serum anti-immunoglobulins in multiple myeloma and benign monoclonal hyperglobulinemia. PMID- 6965623 TI - Cell-mediated immunity and the in vitro effect of thymic humoral factor (THF) on blood lymphocytes of children with atopic dermatitis. PMID- 6965622 TI - Subpopulations of T cells (T gamma and T mu) in patients with chronic liver disease. PMID- 6965624 TI - Effect of thymosin on T-lymphocyte rosette formation in children with kwashiorkor. PMID- 6965625 TI - Evaluation of arthritis and arthralgia in the pediatric patient. AB - The records of 250 consecutive children presenting to a university pediatric service with joint complaints of unknown cause were reviewed to determine the frequency of diagnoses and the utility of laboratory data and physical examination findings. Eighteen per cent of children had orthopedic disorders (Group I), 17.6 per cent had autoimmune disorders (Group II), 19.6 per cent had joint complaints related to a bacterial infection (Group III), and 44 per cent had miscellaneous problems (Group IV). Autoimmune or infectious disd/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate was greater than or equal to 30 mm/h was present than if absent (65% vs. 8% respectively); the sensitivity of fever and/or elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 93 per cent for Group II and III patients. The presence of rash was predictive of an autoimmune disorder in 67 per cent of the instances; a positive joint examination was seen disproportionately in Group I patients. A negative joint examination all but ruled out an infectious etiology. Other test results, such as diagnostic radiograms, WBC greater than or equal to 15,000 per cu mm; or a positive ANA or rheumatoid factor were predictive but not sensitive indicators of selected groups. If the tiology of a child's joint complaints is unknown, the likelihood of an orthopedic, autoimmune or infectious disorder may be suggested by reviewing temperature and ESR data and skin and joint findings. PMID- 6965626 TI - Pyloric stenosis and direct hyperbilirubinemia with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - The occurrence of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in infants with pyloric stenosis is common. We report an infant who presented with projectile vomiting secondary to pyloric stenosis. In addition, he had conjugated hyperbilirubinemia which proved to be due to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency of PiZZ phenotype. This is the first case report of such an association. Infants with pyloric stenosis and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia should be investigated for underlying infectious, metabolic causes or anatomical defects of the biliary tree. PMID- 6965627 TI - Per catheter control of haemorrhage from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. AB - The relevant findings in 11 cases of per catheter control of haemorrhage from different sites in the large and small bowel are presented together with a description of the techniques and some of the possible complications of vasopressin infusion and gelfoam embolisation. In six of these cases vasopressin infusion was sus achieved by embolisation, three following the failure of vasopressin therapy. In one case embolisation of the ileo-colic artery produced a caecal infarct. Important differences in the vascular supply to the large and small bowel and their practical significance in embolisation are discussed. PMID- 6965628 TI - Diagnosis and management of pancreatic pseudocysts: current concepts. PMID- 6965629 TI - Interim data processing in the Netherlands study on coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 6965630 TI - B and T lymphocyte development and identification. PMID- 6965632 TI - Inherited risk factors for chronic lung disease. PMID- 6965631 TI - Lung distensibility and airway function in intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiMZ). PMID- 6965633 TI - Alpha 1 antitrypsin heterozygotes (Pi type MZ). A longitudinal study of the risk of development of chronic air flow limitation. PMID- 6965634 TI - Development of an animal model of functional alpha 1-antiprotease deficiency. PMID- 6965635 TI - Danazol-induced elevation of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin in individuals with severe deficiency of this antiprotease. PMID- 6965636 TI - Dressler's syndrome and angina pectoris relieved by surgery. AB - A 49-year-old woman with progressive angina pectoris developed chronic Dressler's syndrome following a second myocardial infarction. Control of the chronic pericarditis required long-term steroid therapy. Because of multiple complications generated by the steroid administration, she underwent coronary angiography followed by pericardiectomy and coronary artery bypass surgery. The patient remains asymptomatic without steroid or antianginal medication five years after surgery. PMID- 6965638 TI - Acute upper airway obstruction. Sodium warfarin-induced hemorrhage into the base of the tongue and epiglottis. PMID- 6965639 TI - Infected saphenous vein coronary artery bypass graft. PMID- 6965637 TI - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. Successful aortocoronary bypass homograft in a four-year-old boy. AB - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome has been reported in more than 7,000 cases in Japan and other countries, and 1 to 2 percent of the patients died suddenly. This syndrome accompanied by coronary arterial aneurysm and thrombosis has been noted in postmortem examinations. The usual age is 1 to 1.5 years, and surgical subjects also include babies and infants. We report the findings in a four-year old boy with this syndrome who was subjected to successful aortocoronary bypass grafting using his mother's fresh vein for homografting. PMID- 6965640 TI - Effect of myocardial revascularization on the left ventricular function. Diagnosis of reversible contraction abnormalities. AB - Function of the left ventricle was evaluated in 28 men during the early postoperative period after myocardial revascularization by left ventricular cineangiograms. The group was characterized by patency of all aorto-coronary grafts and the absence of a new Q waves on the ECG. Improvement of the global left ventricular function occurred in a sub-group of patients with reduced ejection fraction before operation as well as in patients with segmental disturbances of left ventricular contraction. The segmental contractions improved significantly in the revascularized areas where prior to operation the function was impaired. The postoperative change was in some patients predicted before operation by administration of sublingual nitroglycerin and by means of postextrasystolic potentiation. We found the same trend of changes produced by the above stimuli and by revascularization. PMID- 6965642 TI - Hypophysectomy exerts a radioprotective effect on frog lens. AB - Exposure to X-rays usually causes cataracts in frogs. These cataracts are always preceded by misalignment of the structures called meridional rows (MR). When cell division is completely halted by hypophysectomy, however, irradiation no longer disturbs the orientation of the MR. Since the MR are the structures formed as lens epithelial cells differentiate into lens fibres it is reasonable to propose that radiocataractogenesis depends upon a mitosis-driven formation of pathological fibres from epithelial cells that have been rendered abnormal by exposure to X-rays. PMID- 6965641 TI - Shut-off of host protein synthesis in vaccinia-virus-infected cells exposed to cordycepin. A study in vitro. PMID- 6965643 TI - Animal pharmacology of oxapadol (MD 720111), a new non-narcotic analgesic. AB - Oxapadol is a non-narcotic analgesic with an unusual chemical structure. It possesses analgesic activity in 4 species similar to that of other non-narcotic reference analgesics. It also shows antipyretic and antiinflammatory effects and in the analgesic dose range is devoid of undesirable neurological, gastro intestinal and cardiovascular side-effects. PMID- 6965644 TI - Ectopic pancreas: usual and unusual features. AB - Nine patients with ectopic pancreas in the stomach (8 patients) and duodenum (1 patient) were studied both radiographically and endoscopically. Correct diagnosis was made by radiography in six cases and by endoscopy in seven cases. Masses radiographically larger than 3 cm in diameter were seen in three patients. The incorrect radiographic diagnoses were related to the presence of a large mass in one patient and to the complications of severe bleeding and gastric outlet obstruction in the other two. Endoscopy and radiography are complementary modalities in the diagnosis of ectopic pancreas. PMID- 6965645 TI - Angiographic demonstration of gastrointestinal bleeding through the pancreatic duct. AB - This article describes the angiographic findings in the case of a bleeding stump of the left gastric artery, following subtotal gastrectomy, into a pancreatic pseudocyst with instantaneous opacification of the pancreatic duct and duodenum. This is the first reported case to demonstrate a frank bleed with total opacification of the pancreatic duct. Based on our experience and previously reported cases, we conclude that subselective catheterization of the bleeding vessel is necessary to demonstrate total opacification of the pancreatic duct in such cases. PMID- 6965646 TI - The prevalence of duodenal lesions in patients with rheumatic diseases on chronic aspirin therapy. AB - Peroral endoscopy was performed in 56 patients with rheumatic disease who had been taking 8 or more aspirin tablets daily for more than 3 months yet who had no major gastrointestinal symptoms or history of peptic ulcer disease. Duodenal mucosal lesions were observed in 16 patients; 15 (27%) had erythema, 7 (13%) had erosions, and 2 (4%) had ulcers. The prevalence of duodenal lesions was the same in patients taking regular, buffered, or enteric-coated aspirin preparations. Patients with duodenal lesions were more likely to have associated gastric lesions. PMID- 6965647 TI - Pancreatoduodenal veins in man. PMID- 6965648 TI - Microangiographic studies of terminal branches of the testicular artery in man. PMID- 6965650 TI - A case of variations in arterial vascularization of the upper limb. PMID- 6965651 TI - External structure of the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm in the extrauterine life of man. PMID- 6965652 TI - Growth rate of selected parameters of the European bison skull (Bison bonasus L.). PMID- 6965649 TI - Vascularization of the ovary in the period of estrus in the pig. PMID- 6965654 TI - On valves of reproductive organ veins in women. PMID- 6965653 TI - Morphology and topography of the otic ganglion in guinea pig detected with thiocholine technique. PMID- 6965655 TI - Modern methods of embalming and storage cadavers for anatomy teaching purposes. PMID- 6965656 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of lateral ventricle width by means of CT--values obtained from a normal population (author's transl)]. AB - The possibilities of differentiation between a "normal" and an "enlarged" ventricular system by means of Computerized Tomography are limited. The main problems are the definition of the Normal Population and the fact that a certain methodical error in measurement is not to be avoided. On the other hand, that differentiation is essential for the diagnosis of Ventricular Enlargement, Hydrocephalus internus and Brain Atrophy. The daily practice requires a method, which allows an accurate measurement as well as a quick and simple performance. The evaluation of the width of the lateral ventricles by means of the Ventricle Index-Quotient (VIQ) and of the Ventricle-Waist-Quotient (VTQ) is likely to meet all these requirements. The results have been obtained from the computer tomograms of 53 men and 69 women (n = 122), aged between 15 and 80 years. A statistically significant correlation was found between the VIQ- and VTQ-values on the one hand, and the patient's ages on the other. Consequently, whether normal values or the diagnosis of brain atrophy are in question, the patient's age has always to be considered. PMID- 6965657 TI - The effect of a tryptophan-free diet on prolactin and corticosterone release by serotonergic stimuli. PMID- 6965659 TI - Pi phenotypes in North American workers: racial differences and comparisons with reported frequencies. AB - The distribution of Pi phenotypes among Caucasian and Asian workers in British Columbia, Canada were found to differ significantly. Among Caucasians the frequency of the M allele was 0.9428, very similar to frequencies reported in other North American Caucasian populations. Among Asians only the M allele was found, further confirming the rarity of other alleles in such populations. The distribution of phenotypes in the Caucasian population agreed with the predictions of the Hardy-Weinberg law. PMID- 6965658 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin (pi) phenotypes in a village population from The Gambia, West Africa. Evidence of a new variant occurring at a polymorphic frequency. AB - A total of 701 individuals from a village in The Gambia, West Africa were tested for serum alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes by isoelectric focusing in thinlayer polyacrylamide gels (pH 4--5). A new variant allele, PiGAM, was discovered at a polymorphic frequency (0.0642), and the inheritance of the variant phenotype was confirmed by family studies. The variant was not found to be associated with any decrease in serum alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration. The only other allele found within this population was the common allele PiM (0.9358). PMID- 6965660 TI - Different expressions of one gene for congenital achromatopsia with amblyopia in Northern Sweden. AB - Congenital achromatopsia with amblyopia is a recessive disorder. The authors report the origin of 9 cases in 4 sibships from one small parish in northern Sweden suggesting a gene source for achromatopsia in this population. The study confirms that complete and incomplete achromatopsia might be different expressions of the same gene. A tendency towards a heterozygotic manifestation of the gene was found. PMID- 6965661 TI - Serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin in individuals with different Pi M subtypes. AB - Individuals with heterozygous Pi M subtypes were found to have higher serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) than homozygotes. The alpha 1-AT levels in heterozygotes showed a unimodal distribution. Among homozygotes, a tendency towards a bimodal distribution was found. The mechanism behind this difference is not known. The result can apparently not be explained as the result of a hitherto undiscovered deficiency gene. PMID- 6965662 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes in Northern Sweden. AB - By means of isoelectric focusing the alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes were examined in 1,869 Swedes from northern Sweden, 300 Finns and 217 Swedish Lapps. The M2 frequency was low among the Lapps and in the northeastern part of Sweden. The frequencies of the S and Z genes were low in the Lapps and in the north-Swedish population. The frequencies of rare phenotypes among Finns from northern Finland were significantly higher than among Finns from southwestern Finland and Aland Islanders. PMID- 6965663 TI - Effect of T-cell deficiency on the chronicity of arthritis induced in mice by Mycoplasma pulmonis. AB - Mycoplasma pulmonis inoculated parenterally into athymic nude mice congenitally deficient in T cells caused a chronic arthritis of significantly greater magnitude than in immunologically normal mice. During the chronic phase of arthritis, M. pulmonis organisms were isolated from the joints and spleens of athymic nude mice more frequently and in larger numbers than from immunologically normal mice. The results support the concept that impaired T-cell function predisposes the mice to a severe degree of chronic arthritis as a result of their failure to eliminate the causative organisms. PMID- 6965664 TI - Difference in antigen-presenting ability of macrophages between high- and low responder mice in delayed-type hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium bovis BCG. AB - Purified protein derivative-pulsed spleen macrophages of Mycobacterium bovis BCG high-responder mice stimulated BCG-primed lymphocytes of F1 (low x high) mice well in vitro, but those of BCG low-responder mice did not. PMID- 6965666 TI - Clinical value of single photon emission computerized tomography in encephalic exploration. PMID- 6965667 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in herpes corneal stromal disease. AB - Regional draining lymph nodes (RDLN) from rabbits with herpes virus disciform keratitis (defined as corneal edema or corneal edema with concomitant epithelial lesions) were tested for general as well as specific immune cap-city. Although general RDLN immune capacity did not seem to be impaired, specific reactivity to herpes antigens was found only in those rabbits which presented with disciform keratitis and concomitant epithelial lesions; specific reactivity to herpes antigens was not found in those animals which presented with disciform edema alone. Additionally, the unilateral nature of the RDLN immune response during ocular infections of unequal severity was demonstrated. PMID- 6965668 TI - Eye movements of the blind. AB - We investigated a group of patients who were blind because of disease affecting the anterior visual pathways. All subjects showed an inability to maintain steady eye position, with a consequent jerk nystagmus. Blindness from birth was associated with an impaired vestibuloocular reflex and inability to voluntarily initiate saccades, although quick phases of nystagmus were maintained. Acquired blindness was associated with relatively preserved vestibulo-ocular responses and the ability to initiate voluntary saccades and smoothly track self-moved targets. Certain features of the eye movements of the blind are similar to those due to cerebellar dysfunction. PMID- 6965665 TI - Etiology of the liver granulomatous response in Schistosoma mansoni-infected athymic nude mice. AB - The effect of schistosome infection on the presence and maturation of splenic T lymphocytes in C3H/HeN nu/nu and nu/+ mice was examined. Spleens of uninfected nu/nu mice contained very low numbers (u to 2%) of T lymphocytes. This percentage did not increase throughout the 10 weeks of the infection. Spleens of uninfected nu/+ littermates contained 28.8% T cells, which decreased to 15.0% by week 10 of the infection. Similarly, whereas spleen cells of normal or infected nu/nu mice were nonresponsive to concanavalin A, the initial high response of nu/+ mice gradually diminished. Both nu/nu and nu/+ spleen cells responded well to lipopolysaccharide initially, but by 10 weeks their responsiveness declined. Sera of five infected nu/nu mice contained no antibodies to egg antigens, and one had a low titer (log2 5.0). In contrast, the mean titer of sera from six nu/+ mice was log2 10.7 Nu/+ mice had typical florid lesions, but nu/nu mice mounted sparse granulomatous reactions around eggs in the liver without evidence for hepatocellular damage. Dispersed liver granulomas of nu/nu mice contained 1.2% T and 20.3% B lymphocytes. Lesions of nu/+ mice contained 12.9% T and 18.4% B cells. Eighty percent of the macrophages from nu/nu and nu/+ granulomas displayed high density/avidity Fc receptors. Production of migration inhibition factor active lymphokine by liver granulomas and spleens of schistosome-infected nu/nu mice is suggestive of the immune role of B cells in the granulomatous inflammation. PMID- 6965669 TI - Adjuvant immunotherapy with a S. pyogenes preparation (OK432) in urogenital cancer patients. AB - We evaluated the immunostimulative activity of a Streptococcus pyogenes preparation (OK432) in 50 patients with urogenital carcinoma. Differential lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens and quantitation of the lymphocyte subpopulation bearing Fc receptor sites were the two immunoparameters used in this study to assess the status of the cancer-bearing host. Using these immunoparameters, we observed a pattern whereby a substantial deviation from unity in the mitogen reactive ratio and an increase in the number of IgGFcR+T cells were correlated with malignant progression; administration of the immunopotentiator OK432 had a marked effect on immunoparameters reflected by our assays, with a trend toward return to normal values with progression of immunotherapy. PMID- 6965670 TI - A comparison of in-hospital education approaches for coronary bypass patients. PMID- 6965671 TI - Cytophotometric, flow cytofluorometric and morphometric demonstration of the existence of an antigen dependent thymus lymphocyte subpopulation. AB - Using absorption cytophotometry and flow cytofluorometrical DNA and protein estimation of single thymus lymphocytes we were able to establish that after injection of a large dose of antigen (ovalbumin) a subpopulation of lymphocytes arises in the thymus with high protein contents above that of those lymphocytes normally present, however, in small quantities in the thymus. By morphometrical analysis it was established that these lymphocytes are situated in the outermost cortex. PMID- 6965672 TI - Acid phosphatase activity and cell death in mouse thymus. AB - The distribution of acid phosphatase activity in the thymus of young (8 week) and old (42 week) mice is presented. In 8 week old mice acid phosphatase positive cells represent 1.27 +/- 0.13% of the total population whereas in 42 week old mice, showing involution of the thymus, acid phosphatase positive cells represent 2.40 +/- 0.17% of the total population. Loci of free acid phosphatase activity have been interpreted as sites of cell lysis and death. This has been confirmed at electron microscope level where free acid phosphatase has been demonstrated in the cytoplasm of lysing thymic lymphocytes. Vacuolar sites of acid phosphatase activity have been demonstrated in macrophages which appear to dispose of the lymphocytes. Extensive autophagic activity occurs in the epithelial reticular cells. The role of acid phosphatase in thymic lymphocyte deletion and in the tissue dynamics of the thymus is discussed. PMID- 6965673 TI - The lipoidal derivatives of steroids as biosynthetic intermediates. AB - The lipoidal derivatives of [3H]pregnenolone, prepared biosynthetically, were converted, by incubation with a mitochondrial-microsomal fraction from adrenal cortical tissue, into lipoidal derivatives of 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone and of dehydroisoandrosterone, thus proving that these pregnenolone derivatives can serve as substrates for 17-hydroxylase and for the lyase enzyme that converts a C21-17-hydroxy-20-ketol into a C19-17-ketosteroid. Three synthetically prepared esters of pregnenolone, the oleate, the linoleate, and the arachidonate, were also hydroxylated at C-17 by a similar adrenal preparation. With the synthetic substrates, however, the corresponding esters of dehydroisoandrosterone were not formed. PMID- 6965676 TI - The late post-operative patency rate of aorto-coronary venous grafts. AB - Long-term aorto-coronary venous graft patency has been examined in a consecutive series of 47 patients (average: 1.6 graft per patient) after a mean follow-up period of 5 years and 9 months (44-108 months) post surgery. Overall patency rate was 71% (52/73 grafts), with the best results for LAD grafts 85% (27/32). Seventy seven percent of the patients experienced lasting relief from angina. Significant improvement of LV ejection fraction was observed in cases with patent grafts. PMID- 6965675 TI - Absence of the vitamin K-dependent bone protein in fetal rat mineral. Evidence for another gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing component in bone. PMID- 6965677 TI - Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive human epidermal growth factor (urogastrone) in man. PMID- 6965674 TI - Effects of pH treatments and deglycosylation of rabbit immunoglobulin G on the binding of C1q. PMID- 6965678 TI - Ability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 therapy to augment serum 1,25- and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in postmenopausal osteoporosis. AB - Six women (mean age, 62 yr; range, 48--77 yr) who were considered to have postmenopausal osteoporosis, as demonstrated by radiological evidence of vertebral crush fractures, low intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption, and bone biopsies consistent with this diagnosis, received a pharmacological dose of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3; 20 microgram/day) for 3 months. This treatment increased the serum concentration of 25OHD from 8.7 +/- 4.6 to 30.2 +/- 9.5 (SD) ng/ml (P less than 0.0025), increased the serum concentration of 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D from 1.2 +/- 1.2 to 7.7 +/- 2.7 ng/ml (P less than 0.025) in three patients, and increased the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D from 2.1 +/- 1.7 to 4.3 +/- 1.5 ng/dl (P less than 0.025). Moreover, there were commensurate increases in fractional intestinal Ca absorption from 0.38 +/- 0.03 to 0.49 +/- 0.06 (P less than 0.025) and in urinary Ca from 69 +/- 31 to 127 +/- 67 mg/day (P less than 0.025). There were no significant changes in serum Ca (9.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 9.5 +/- 0.4 mg/dl), serum phosphorus (3.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.4 mg/dl) or alkaline phosphatase (87 +/- 27 vs. 91 +/- 30 IU/liter) before or after therapy. It is concluded that orally administered 25OHD3 is not only effective in raising the low intestinal Ca absorption observed in postmenopausal osteoporosis but also in increasing the serum concentrations of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. PMID- 6965680 TI - Cellular regulation of immune function. PMID- 6965679 TI - Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis: criteria for laboratory identification. AB - Eleven clinically significant isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis grew well on modified Thayer-Martin medium and produced beta-lactamase, but did not grow on nutrient agar at 22 degrees C. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin, colistin, and trimethoprim were found to be higher than the concentrations of these antibiotics in modified Thayer-Martin medium. The criteria necessary for laboratory identification of B. catarrhalis are discussed. PMID- 6965681 TI - Profile of multiple lymphocyte functional defects in acquired hypogrammaglobulinemia, derived from in vitro cell recombination analysis. AB - Immunoregulatory defects in patients can be assigned to B cells, T helper cells, or T suppressor cells by means of a modification of the in vitro PWM-stimulated Ig biosynthesis assay. When lymphocyte subpopulations from patient and normal are recombined, multiple internal comparisons within a single experiment reveal the functional activity of each subpopulation. By this technique we studied nine adult patients with acquired panhypogammaglobulinemia and one with isolated IgG deficiency. Low total Ig production by the B cell fraction was demonstrated in seven of the nine panhypogammaglobulinemic patients. In four of these seven, IgG and IgA secretion was markedly reduced compared with IgM. In the two patients with normal total Ig production, elevated IgM compensated for lower IgA and IgG. The one patient with no surface Ig+ cells had a B cell defect, but no T cell defect. Reduced T help and excessive T suppression characterized two of the four patients with the most severe B cell defects. Three patients were anergic by delayed hypersensitivity skin testing and failed to sensitize to DNCB, but the patient with the most severe T cell defects in vitro was not among them. One of these three patients showed a mild T cell help defect and suppressor excess and the other two had pure B cell defects. Thus, anergy and T regulator function were not correlated. In three instances where hypersuppression was more evident by adding patient unfractionated cells than by adding patient T cells, suppression by the T depleted fraction could be demonstrated. No cases of radiation-resistant T suppression were revealed among the seven patients tested. Subnormal total protein synthesis, noted in six of seven patients with low Ig production, was invariably less marked than the Ig defect and often affected both T and B cells. One additional patient with pure IgG deficiency of 2 yr duration was essentially normal in her in vitro lymphocyte function. The general applicability of this experimental design for analysis of positive or negative immunoregulatory abnormalities is emphasized. PMID- 6965682 TI - Mitogenic response to Micropolyspora faeni cell walls. AB - Three cell wall fractions, prepared from Micropolyspora faeni, were shown to be mitogenic for the splenic lymphocytes of unsensitized guinea pigs. This response peaked after 48 hr in culture and was dose dependent. Using enriched lymphocyte subpopulations obtained by column-separation techniques, it was shown that the most active cell wall fractions were primarily B cell mitogens. Physical, chemical, and enzymatic digestion studies indicated that the heat-stable mitogenic reactivity was associated with polypeptide and polysaccharide. The reactive material is, at least in part, peptidoglycan, as shown by the decrease in its mitogenic potential after lysozyme digestion. A possible host-related role for this mitogenic reactivity was discussed. PMID- 6965683 TI - Human T lymphcytes are enriched for transfer factor. AB - Using a canine local skin assay, we tested transfer factor prepared from three subpopulations of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. T lymphocytes are enriched for transfer factor whereas adherent cells and nonadherent/nonrosetting cells are not. Thus, it appears as if transfer factor is a T cell lymphokine, the immunobiology of which is still unclear. PMID- 6965684 TI - Ia antigen on the surface of a subfraction of T cells that bear Fc receptors for IgG. AB - Human peripheral blood T cells and T cell subpopulations were studied for the presence of Ia-like antigen, by using indirect immunofluorescence with heterologous rabbit anti-Ia antisera. In 13 normal subjects the percentage of T cells staining with the anti-Ia reagent was 2 to 5% and appeared limited to the T gamma subfraction. After concanavalin A (Con A) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activation, the proportion of Ia(+) T cells increased due to an increase in the percentage of T gamma cells bearing Ia-like antigen as well as an increase in the proportion of T gamma cells in the T cell fraction. PMID- 6965685 TI - Cellular requirements for generation of thymocyte stimulatory factor and characterization of its target cell. AB - The cellular requirements for the generation of thymocyte stimulatory factor, TSF, were defined, and the target cell for its activity was in part characterized. TSF production, which is triggered by concanavalin A stimulation of murine spleen cells, requires both an Lyt 1+23- cell and an Ia+ non-T accessory cell. The Ia+ cell does not bear surface Ig, is not killed by treatment with antithymocyte sera and C, and is partially depleted by Sephaadex G-10 filtration. TSF-augmentation of the thymocyte mitogenic response to Con A requires Lyt 1+, Ia- thymocytes, which are present in both the cortisone sensitive and resistant populations. The relationship between TSF and other activities produced by Con A activation of spleen cells is discussed. PMID- 6965687 TI - Regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced granulopoiesis and macrophage formation by spleen cells. II. Macrophage-lymphocyte interactions in the process of generation of colony-stimulating factor. PMID- 6965686 TI - Mechanisms of immune lysis. I. Physiological distinction between target cell death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antibody plus complement. AB - The pattern of progressive release of cytosolic (52Cr) and nuclear (125IUdR) labels from normal or tumor cells being lysed by CTL is strikingly different from the pattern observed when similar cells are lysed by Ab + C or hypotonic shock. We propose that these differences reflect physiologic differences in the lytic events associated with Ab + C- and CTL-mediated cell death. PMID- 6965688 TI - Use of immunotolerance to dissect the mechanisms regulating appearance of hapten specific killer T cells in vivo. PMID- 6965689 TI - Studies on in vivo priming to TNP-reactive cytotoxic effector cell system. II. Augmented secondary cytotoxic response by radioresistant T cells and demonstration of differential helper activity as a function of the stimulating dose of TNP-self. PMID- 6965690 TI - Lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgE. IV. Formation of IgE-binding factor by rat T lymphocytes. AB - Culture of mesenteric lymph node cells from rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis resulted in the release of a soluble factor (IgE-binding factor) that can inhibit rosette formation of Fc epsilon R(+) lymphocytes with IgE-coated red cells. The factor is specifically absorbed with IgE-coated Sepharose. It has a m.w. of between 10,000 and 20,000. The major source of IgE-binding factor appears to be Fc epsilon R(+) T cells. The formation of IgE-binding factor by the lymphocytes was enhanced by IgE added to the culture medium. Evidence was obtained that Fc epsilon R(+) cells are involved in the induction of IgE-induced factor formation. Normal rat lymphocytes cultured alone failed to release IgE binding factor, but incubation of normal lymphocytes with rat IgE resulted in the formation of IgE-binding factor and an increase in the proportion of Fc epsilon R(+) cells. It was also found that normal T cells formed the soluble factor upon incubation with IgE. In the induction of factor formation by normal lymphocytes, Fc gamma R(+) cells are essential; an Fc gamma R-depleted fraction failed to form IgE-binding factor upon incubation with IgE. The results suggest that interaction of IgE with Fc epsilon R(+) T cells and Fc gamma R(+) T cells induces the formation of IgE-binding factor(s). PMID- 6965691 TI - Polyclonal activation of murine B lymphocytes by Fc fragments. I. The requirement for two signals in the generation of the polyclonal antibody response induced by Fc fragments. AB - Fc fragments derived from human IgG1 induce murine splenic B lymphocytes to undergo proliferation and differentiation to antibody-secreting cells. The polyclonal antibody response was found to require both the presence of macrophages and T cells. Spleen cell cultures from nude mice or T cell-depleted normal mice proliferate to the level of untreated control mice but do not produce polyclonal antibody unless T cells are added. Regulation of the Fc fragment induced B cell differentiation to antibody synthesis apparently occurs through two distinct signals. One signal is provided by Fc fragments for proliferation and the other by T cells for differentiation. This suggestion is supported by the observation that spleen cell preparations, devoid of T cells, are capable of proliferation to the level of normal spleen cell cultures in response to Fc fragments, but are incapable of making a polyclonal antibody response. The cell population that responds to the differentiation signal also responds to the proliferative signal. "Hot pulse" experiments demonstrated that proliferation precedes polyclonal activation. PMID- 6965692 TI - Relationship between enhanced macrophage phagocytic activity and the induction of interferon by Newcastle disease virus in mice. AB - The relationship between phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and serum interferon (IF) titers was evaluated in mice challenged with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Time course studies indicated peak serum IF titers between 6 and 12 hr, whereas Fc receptor-mediated macrophage phagocytosis was maximal 18 hr after viral administration. Both responses decreased in parallel as the inoculated dose of the virus was reduced. Splenectomy, shown by others to decrease the NDV induced serum IF titers, significantly decreased the stimulation of phagocytosis. The role of T cells in the response to the virus was studied with nude mice raised under germfree conditions. NDV-induced serum IF titers and macrophage phagocytosis were both diminished in BALB/c nudes compared with their heterozygous littermates. Both responses could be partially restored by transfer of thymocytes obtained from heterozygous mice. The results provide further evidence that in vivo macrophage stimulation by NDV is mediated by induced IF. The experiments with nude mice also indicate that the IF response to NDV is regulated by T lymphocytes. PMID- 6965693 TI - The first component of complement from the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana: functional properties of C1- and isolation of subcomponent C1q. PMID- 6965694 TI - TNP-coupled membranes stimulate T cell proliferation via the macrophage. AB - TNP-coupled membranes derived from guinea pig m phi were capable of inducing both primary and secondary antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses; however, effective stimulation by hapten-coupled membranes required the presence of unmodified m phi. A genetic analysis demonstrated that the Ia antigens of the unmodified m phi rather than the Ia antigens borne on the TNP-coupled membranes determined the histocompatibility restrictions on m phi T cell interaction. PMID- 6965695 TI - Immunoassay of antigens and haptens by inhibition of passive immune hemolysis. AB - Improved methods are presented for the detection of antigens and haptens by the use of the passive hemolysis inhibition test. The test is capable of detecting nanogram quantities of proteins (e.g., ferritin, IgE) and haptens (e.g., folinic acid, methotrexate). The method is also useful for studying quantitative and qualitative aspects of antibody-antigen interaction. PMID- 6965696 TI - Evaluation of sunscreen protection by measurement of epidermal DNA synthesis. AB - Different sunscreens were tested to determine their protection of epidermis from ultraviolet light effects. Ultraviolet light-induced changes in hairless mouse epidermal DNA synthesis were used for measurement of sunscreen protection. Visual assessment of erythema and edema was also performed. This initial study has evaluated sunscreens containing para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as the principle sunscreen chemical. These experiments were conducted using fluorescent sunlamp tubes and hydroxylapatite extraction of epidermal DNA. The ultraviolet light exposure was measured using a recording radiometer. The results showed that the sunscreens tested were able to partially prevent ultraviolet light induced changes in epidermal DNA synthesis. It may be possible to use this assay as one of the initial evaluations of potential ultraviolet light protectants. PMID- 6965697 TI - Multimeric structure of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in von Willebrand's disease. AB - Recent studies have provided substantial evidence that F. VIII/vWF exists not only as a polymer of approximately 1 x 10(6) MW composed of 230,000 MW subunits but is further organized into a multimeric series (1 to 20 x 10(6) MW). With an immunologic technique to isolate F.VIII/vWF directly from small volumes of plasma of patients with vWD, the relative distribution and concentration of individual multimeric sets was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. In classical vWD (type I) with decreased VIIIR:RCo, the relative distribution of multimeric forms of FVIII/vWF was comparable to normal plasma but reduced in quantity. In "variants" of vWD (type II) with undetectable VIIIR:RCo, the larger multimer subsets were absent, and the smaller one present in relatively greater concentration. Large multimers as well as VIIIR:RCo were also lacking in F.VIII/vWF prepared from normal plasma cryosupernatant. These observations suggest the existence of different molecular abnormalities of F.VIII/vWF underlying the two major types of vWD: reduced synthesis in type I and polymerization defect with resultant lack of VIIIR:RCo in type II. PMID- 6965698 TI - Monocyte chemotaxis in leukemia patients. AB - Monocyte chemotaxis was studied in 35 patients with ALL, six with CLL, six with AML, and 10 with CML before beginning chemotherapy. Function was contrasted to age-matched control groups. Significant inhibition of chemotaxis was seen in patients with ALL (p less than 0.001) and CLL (p less than 0.01), whereas function in CML and AML patients was not significantly depressed. The deficient monocyte chemotaxis was not due merely to decreased percentages of peripheral blood monocytes. Thus, in addition to numerical deficiencies in monocyte numbers, qualitative deficiencies in monocyte function exist in patients with ALL and CLL. PMID- 6965700 TI - Trauma and the temporal bone. The effects of blast on the ear. PMID- 6965699 TI - The activity of partially purified leukocytic endogenous mediator in endotoxin resistant C3H/HeJ mice. AB - Partially purified LEM was injected into both the endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ and the closely related, but endotoxin-responsive, C3Heb/FeJ strains of mice. Both strains of mice responded to LEM with significant decreases in plasma iron concentration, increased number of peripheral blood neutrophils, increased plasma levels of CSA, and elevations of plasma fibrinogen concentration. Injections of endotoxin produced significant responses in these four determinations in C3Heb/FeJ mice but had no effect in the C3H/HeJ strain. Changes in plasma iron, fibrinogen, CSA, and neutrophils are believed to occur when LEM is produced by an interaction of endotoxin with phagocytic cells. PMID- 6965701 TI - Studies on the presence of vasopressin, oxytocin and vasotocin in the pineal gland, subcommissural organ and fetal pituitary gland: failure to demonstrate vasotocin in mammals. AB - The demonstration of vasotocin in the mammalian pineal gland, subcommissural organ and fetal pituitary gland by bioassay has led to hypotheses regarding the function of this hormone in various reproductive processes. Preliminary examinations of the pineal gland and subcommissural organ with a specific radioimmunoassay failed to show vasotocin immunoreactivity. The presence of vasotocin, vasopressin and oxytocin in the pineal gland, subcommissural organ and fetal neurohypophysis was therefore investigated, using three specific radioimmunoassays. Frog and chicken pituitary glands were used to validate the vasotocin radioimmunoassay. Direct measurements in diluted homogenates of pituitary glands from frogs, chickens, mid-term fetal sheep and near-term fetal seals revealed the presence of vasotocin only in the frog and chicken pituitary glands, while vasopressin and oxytocin were found in the two fetal pituitary homogenates. Vasopressin and ocytocin were measured in homogenates of rat and bovine pineal glands and in preparations of the subcommissural organ of rats and rabbits after extraction with Vycor glass powder, but no specific vasotocin immunoreactivity was observed. These results indicate a discrepancy between the reported biological activity of vasotocin in the pineal gland, subcommissural organ and fetal pituitary gland and the immunoreactivity of this material, which can at present only be explained by the presence of a peptide which is structurally closely related to, but not identical with, vasotocin. PMID- 6965702 TI - Anti-self receptors. I. Direct detection of H-2L region-restricted receptors on murine thymocytes. AB - A high proportion (20--50%) of murine thymocytes form rosettes with either syngeneic or allogeneic erythrocytes. The specificity of this interaction was investigated by measuring the ability of different erythrocyte sonicates to inhibit rosette formation. With erythrocyte sonicates from recombinant mouse strains it was demonstrated that rosetting with syngeneic erythrocytes was mediated by H-2L and/or H-2D region-restricted receptors. The specificity of autorosetting was directly mapped to the H-2L region by the inability of erythrocyte sonicates from the BALB/c-H-2dm2 mutant, an H-2L-deletion mutant, to inhibit the rosetting of wild-type (BALB/c) thymocytes. The B10,2D2-H-2dm1 mutant, which has substantially modified H-2L and H-2D antigens, supported this conclusion. Furthermore, anti-H-2L sera were able to specifically block the inhibition of rosetting by erythrocyte sonicates. The above procedures clearly implicated the H-2L region in the thymocyte rosetting of d and k haplotypes. With the s haplotype the rosetting receptor was mapped to the H-2L/H-2D region, whereas with the b and q haplotypes rosetting was only mapped to the D end of the H-2 complex. This study also suggested complete cross-reaction between the thymocyte receptors carried by the k and d haplotypes, whereas the receptors of b, q, and s haplotypes were haplotype specific. In addition, the inhibition assay indicated that the rosetting of thymocytes with allogeneic and xenogeneic (rat) erythrocytes was mediated by a receptor primarily directed against self-H-2L. Finally, the critical role played by the H-2L region in this rosetting phenomenon was demonstrated by the inability of thymocytes from the H-2L-deletion mutant (H 2dm2) to rosette with syngeneic, allogeneic (rat) erythrocytes. PMID- 6965704 TI - B cell repertoire diversity in athymic mice. AB - The extent of B cell repertoire diversity among nu/nu BALB/c mice has been assessed and compared with that of normal BALB/c mice. This was accomplished through the characterization of monoclonal, influenza hemagglutinin-specific antibodies by reactivity pattern analysis. The results indicate that the repertoire of athymic mice is equivalent in diversity to that of normal mice. Moreover, because these responses were obtained in recipients that were histocompatible but distinct at immunoglobulin allotype loci, these findings indicate that a very diverse array of B cell clonotypes may be stimulated in the absence of allotype-identical T cells. PMID- 6965703 TI - Studies of cloned Friend erythroleukemia tumor cells. Modulation of the tumor specific cytologic T lymphocyte response by infectious Friend virus production in vitro. AB - The HFL/b tumor cell line, induced by Friend erythroleukemia virus in BALB.B mice, was used to study the relation between virus production or nonproduction and the antigens recognized by Friend virus-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Analysis of clones and subclones of these tumor cells revealed a high degree of heterogeneity with respect to the production and release into culture fluids of infectious Friend virus in vitro, ranging from high levels to low or undetectable levels of virus production. Although no major differences could be detected among the antibody-defined serotypes of the various clones, the susceptibility of cells of individual HFL/b clones to attack by Friend virus specific CTL varied widely, and those clones which produced large amounts of infectious virus provided the most sensitive target cells. It was also apparent that production of infectious Friend virus was inhibitory to CTL generation in syngeneic mixed leukocyte-tumor cell cultures. Friend erythroleukemia virus producing cells thus appeared to interact in a complex manner with the host CTL response by modulating their production of infectious Friend virus. PMID- 6965705 TI - [Fast alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotyping for the differentiation of PiMM-sub-types (author's transl)]. AB - The polyacrylamide gel slabs for isoelectric focussing were adapted for 20 microliter samples by adding a certain quantity of urea, and by letting it run idle before adding the sample. A better separation of protein fractions was obtained, and the distance of the M2- and M8-bands was increased to more than 20 mm in a total migration length of 120 mm. A M1M3 standard serum was introduced and the M8 band was included to differentiate PiMM sub-types. The clinical use of the method is demonstrated with the results of a recently published clinical study by Bencze, K. et al. ((1979), Chest 76, in press). PMID- 6965706 TI - A kinetic test for the assay of the C1 esterase-inhibitor. AB - The most satisfactory diagnostic procedure for hereditary angioneurotic oedema is the demonstration of low serum levels of C1 esterase-inhibitor. A modified method for the assay of this protein is described. It is based on the kinetic measurement of the C1 esterase-inhibitor when it inhibits the hydrolysis of N acetyl-L-tyrosine-ethyl ester by C1 esterase. The relative C1 esterase-inhibitor concentration is based on the initial hydrolytic velocity, which can be evaluated from the pH change in a short time and within a small range. High reproducibility, cheap instrumentation and short time of analysis are some of the favorable aspects of this method in comparison with the 'end point titrimetric' method. Furthermore, this paper describes the mechanism of inhibition of C1 esterase by C1 esterase-inhibitor. The results are indicative of a non competitive mechanism. The value of the Michaelis-Menten constant, Km, is 0.017 +/- 0.001 mol/l at 37 degrees C, in the optimum pH range 7.2-7.4. An estimate of KI in arbitrary units is also given. PMID- 6965707 TI - Voltage clamp study of fast excitatory synaptic currents in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells. AB - Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) have been studied in voltage-clamped bullfrog sympathetic ganglion B cells. The EPSC was small, rose to a peak within 1-3 ms, and then decayed exponentially over most of its time-course. For 36 cells at --50 mV (21-23 degrees C), peak EPSC size was --6.5 +/- 3.5 nA (mean +/- SD), and the mean decay time constant tau was 5.3 +/- 0.9 ms. tau showed a small negative voltage dependence, which appeared independent of temperature, over the range --90 to --30 mV; the coefficient of voltage dependence was --0.0039 +/ 0.0014 mV-1 (n = 29). The peak current-voltage relationship was linear between - 120 and --30 mV but often deviated from linearity at more positive potentials. The reversal potential determined by interpolation was approximately --5 mV. EPSC decay tau had a Q10 = 3. The commonly used cholinesterase inhibitors, neostigmine and physostigmine, exhibited complex actions at the ganglia. Neostigmine (1 X 10( 5)M) produced a time-dependent slowing of EPSC decay without consistent change in EPSC size. In addition, the decay phase often deviated from a single exponential function, although it retained its negative voltage dependence. With 1 x 10(-6) M physostigmine, EPSC decay was slowed by the decay phase remained exponential. At higher concentrations of physostigmine, EPSC decay was markedly prolonged and was composed of at least two decay components. High concentrations of atropine (10( 5) to 10(-4) M) produced complex alterations in EPSC decay, creating two or more exponential components; one decay component was faster and the other was slower than that observed in untreated cells. These results suggest that the time-course of ganglionic EPSC decay is primarily determined by the kinetics of the receptor channel complex rather than hydrolysis or diffusion of transmitter away from the postsynaptic receptors. PMID- 6965708 TI - Effects of acute lithium administration on conditioned avoidance behavior and monoamine synthesis in rats. AB - The effect of a single injection of various doses of lithium chloride was tested on conditioned avoidance behavior and on the accumulation of DOPA and 5-HTP after inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. Lithium specifically suppressed conditioned avoidance behavior and reduced formation of DOPA, but not 5-HTP. The behavioral effect of lithium could be completely antagonized with additional L DOPA treatment. The results indicate that lithium has a neuroleptlike effect on avoidance behavior, and it is suggested that some of the behavioral effects of lithium may be mediated via interference with central catecholaminergic mechanisms. PMID- 6965709 TI - White matter abnormality in cerebral atrophy: clinicoradiological correlations. AB - The computed tomography (CT) scans in 1.6% of patients with cerebral atrophy showed the additional feature of areas of reduced attenuation in the deep cerebral white matter. Analysis of the clinical data showed a significant association with both hypertension and dementia. Etat crible in vascular hypertension is suggested as the possible cause. PMID- 6965710 TI - Myasthenia gravis with a monoclonal gammopathy--report of a case. AB - An elderly man with relapsing myasthenia gravis was found to have hypergammaglobulinaemia, a monoclonal peak of gamma mobility and paraproteinaemia IgG, type K. Bence-Jones proteinuria, type K was present. This is the fourth report of myasthenia gravis associated with a monoclonal gammopathy. Myasthenia gravis is considered to be an autoimmune disease. Recent findings implicate a dysfunction of cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of both immunoproliferative and autoimmune disease. We suggest that the association of myasthenia gravis and monoclonal gammopathy in our patient might have stemmed from a disorder of T lymphocyte function. PMID- 6965711 TI - Neurogenic pulmonary edema associated with a colloid cyst in the third ventricle. Case report. AB - Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is usually the result of head trauma. The authors describe the case of a 13-year-old girl, in whom NPE was associated with a colloid cyst of the third ventricle causing acute hydrocephalus. The mechanisms involved in the development of NPE are briefly discussed. The possible role of the colloid cyst in the distortion of the anatomical relationships in the vicinity of the hypothalamic nuclei is considered. PMID- 6965712 TI - Knotted ventriculoatrial catheter. Case report. AB - In this patient a No. 5 French infant feeding tube was advanced through the right basilic vein into the superior vena cava, and became knotted around the end of an atrial catheter placed in the left common facial vein. The atrial catheter stretched sufficiently to allow excision of the knot as it came through the antecubital incision. It then snapped back up into the axillary vein. A shuntgram with 60% Renograffin demonstrated the position of the ventriculoatrial catheter in the axillary vein. Subsequently, the catheter slid back into the atrial position. PMID- 6965713 TI - Focal histiocytosis X of the parietal lobe. Case report. AB - The authors describe a case of histiocytosis X of the parietal lobe presenting as a space-occupying lesion on a computerized tomography scan of the brain. The clinical, radiographic, and therapeutic aspects of the case are discussed. A brief review of the literature is presented. PMID- 6965715 TI - Treatment of nephrotic syndrome with levamisole. AB - Considerable evidence suggests a role of abnormal T-cell lymphocyte functions in the pathogenesis of minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome. The mean +/- SD T-cell lymphocytes as determined by %E-rosettes among 10 children after 24 to 84 months of complete remission was 66.7 +/- 4.5; this is statistically different from that of seven children with minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome during relapse, 33.5 +/- 9.5 (P less than 0.01). After levamisole therapy at 1.5 to 3.9 mg/kg/dose twice weekly for one to six months, the mean +/- SD %E-rosettes in the latter group was 69.3 +/- 3.9, which is not statistically different from that in the group with complete remission after conventional treatment with steroids. Those treated with levamisole also had a complete remission without any side effects. PMID- 6965714 TI - Methionine synthesis, aminoimidazole carboxamide excretion and folate levels in pregnant rats. AB - The capacity for tetrahydrofolate regeneration through folate-linked methionine synthesis and for purine-ring closure through formylation of aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide was studied in pregnant female rats fed diets containing either methionine or homocystine with or without folic acid. Plasma and liver folates, serine transhydroxymethylase, 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and glutamate formiminotransferase activities were also assayed. Pregnancy proceeded normally in all groups. Hypotrophic fetuses were observed only with the diet containing homocystine and no folic acid. Plasma folates were severely depleted at the end of pregnancy even when folic acid was present in the diet. Hepatic stores of folate were twice as high in the methionine as in the homocystine-fed pregnant females supplemented with folic acid. This favorable effect of methionine was not observed in folic acid-deficient females. No change in levels of serine transhydroxymethylase, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, glutamate formimino-transferase activities was observed. Pregnancy did not stimulate methionine synthetase activity, the level of which was primarily affected by the nutritional conditions. Because of its low output and narrow range of adaptativity, methionine synthetase cannot be the sole regulatory factor of THF regeneration. Urinary excretion of aminoimidazole carboxamide was enhanced in folic acid-deficient pregnant females and was not prevented by supplying methionine. PMID- 6965716 TI - Histiocytosis X and intracranial hypertension. PMID- 6965718 TI - Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6965717 TI - The role of antibodies directed against double-stranded DNA in the manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in childhood. AB - The specificity of antibodies directed against dsDNA for SLE in a childhood population was tested by analyzing sera from 62 children with lupus and 283 children with other known or suspected autoimmune diseases. The role of these antibodies in the manifestations of SLE was then examined by correlating dsDNA Ab titer with clinical manifestations in 311 sera from 20 children followed for a mean of 51 months. Antibodies to dsDNA were found to be highly specific for SLE. The presence of antibodies in titers of 1:80 or greater correlated with the presence of active disease, arthritis, and rash, but not with azotemia, proteinuria, or increasing proteinuria; this indicated that their role in the induction of lupus nephritis was different from that in the induction of rash and arthritis. This may be due to a requirement for small immune complex formation during times of antigen excess in the initiation of lupus nephritis. PMID- 6965719 TI - An evaluation of the mechanism by which serotonergic activation depresses respiration. AB - The present investigation attempted to determine if the previously reported depression of respiration by serotonergic agonists was a result of peripheral or central nervous system drug effects. Systemic administration of 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) to pargyline-treated animals and 5-methoxy-N,N-di methyltryptophan (5-MDMT) probably depress respiration secondary to central penetration of these drugs, since: 1) adult rats with biochemical evidence of partial destruction of central serotonergic neurons after neonatal intracisternal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine were supersensitive to the respiratory depressing effect of 5-HTP and 5-MDMT; 2) the ventilatory effect of the serotonergic agonists was not reduced by surgical deafferentiation induced by bilateral transection of the glossopharyngeal nerves; 3) after sectioning of the vagus nerve, the absolute change produced by serotonergic agonists was less; however, the relative change was unaltered; and 4) inhibition of peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase by RO-4-4602 significantly blunted the respiratory depressant activity of 5-HTP observed at 15 min but not that present 30 min after 5-HTP. The present fidings thus suggest that the cenvel by the activity of central serotonergic neurons. PMID- 6965720 TI - Structure-activity relations for frequency-dependent sodium channel block in nerve by local anesthetics. AB - Different local anesthetic drug structures differ significantly in their capabilities for producing frequency (f)-dependent sodium channel block. Voltage clamped frog myelinated nerve preparations have been utilized in order to investigate structure-activity relations for several modes of local anesthetic drug action, including the kinetics of f-dependent excitability block. Lipid solubility has been shown to be an important determinant of closed channel blocking potency, at least within the amide-linked series of local anesthetics. The ester-linked (beta blockers) and ester-linked local anesthetics appear to be relatively more potent at closed channel block than drugs of the amide-linked series. In addition, f-dependent block increments are greater for drugs of lower lipid solubility, supporting the "modulated drug receptor" hypothesis that intracellular drug forms participate in the open channel binding involved in f dependent blocking. Finally, molecular size has been shown to be a very important determinant of closed channel block escape rates with smaller drug structures showing faster escape rates from f-dependent increments in channel block. PMID- 6965721 TI - Mechanical properties of normal and malignant hyperthemia susceptible porcine muscle: effects of halothane and other drugs. AB - Malignant hyperthemia, which can be initiated in susceptible humans and swine by the volatile anesthetic halothane, appears to result from abnormal responses in skeletal muscle. We have inferred the primary defect in susceptible muscles by observing their responses to certain drugs. Furthermore, we compared the responses of cut muscle cell preparations, such as those used in the diagnostic caffeine test, with those of intact muscle cells. Specifically, we investigated the effects of halothane, caffeine, succinylcholine and catecholamines on the mechanical properties of intact muscle cells from normal pigs, mice and frogs and susceptible pigs. The results from intact and paired cut cell preparations were qualitatively similar. Halothane (2%) caused a 30% decrease in peak tetanic tension in susceptible porcine muscle but less than a 10% change in other muscles. Halothane potentiated twitch tension in frog and susceptible pig muscle. The latter was 4 times more sensitive to caffeine twitch potentiation than normal muscle. Porcine intercostal muscles were more sensitive to caffeine than limb extensor muscles and the difference between normal and susceptible muscle was less with intercostal muscles. Succinylcholine and catecholamines had small and opposite effects on porcine muscles; when used together in combination with halothane there was little effect on normal muscle but a dramatic decrease in tetanic tension and rapid onset of contracture in susceptible muscle. PMID- 6965722 TI - Evidence supporting the indirect depolarization of primary afferent terminals in the frog by excitatory amino acids. AB - 1. Isolated hemisected spinal cords of the frog have been used to investigate the way excitant amino acids depolarize primary afferent fibres and terminals.2. GABA and excitant amino acids caused depolarization in dorsal roots. But dorsal roots sectioned at the point of exit from the spinal cord responded only to GABA.3. Prolonged application of kainate or N-methyl-D-aspartate to hemicords caused a depolarization of dorsal roots in association with an increased extra-cellular [K(+)]. The two effects decayed with similar time courses. The depolarization recorded from ventral roots was maintained in the presence of the excitants.4. Field potentials, elicited by electrical stimulation of ventral roots and recorded in the ventral horn of Mg blocked preparations, were abolished by prolonged treatment with kainate. Corresponding dorsal horn field potentials elicited by electrical stimulation of dorsal roots were resistant to the presence of kainate.5. Excitability of motoneurones or afferent terminals was measured from the amplitude of action potentials evoked by submaximal cathodal stimulation of ventral or dorsal horns and recorded in ventral or dorsal roots respectively. Prolonged application of kainate to Mg blocked preparations abolished the excitability of motoneurones within 5 min, but the excitability of primary afferent terminals was increased and maintained for several hours.6. These observations support the hypothesis that primary afferent terminals in the frog do not have receptors for excitatory amino acids and that depolarization of terminals induced by excitatory amino acids is mediated through release of K from other cells within the dorsal horn. PMID- 6965723 TI - Children's perception of Munsell colors. AB - This study examined perception of Munsell notation color by seven third-graders and three college adults (both with normal color vision) and three children (from the same family) who were red-green color blind. The stimuli varied in terms of Munsell Hue (red, green, and purple), Munsell Value (brightness), and Munsell Chroma (saturation). Each S judged the dissimilarity of 325 color pairs (from 26 stimuli). The data were analyzed via individual difference multidimensional scaling that defined a common perceptual space for the group. The results indicated that the third-graders' color perception was like that of the adults. The color circle was reproduced, as were dimensions based on Munsell Value and Chroma. The color deficient children's data did not fit into that common space. Their perception was guided primarily by the brightness of the stimulus. In sum, the data indicated that, for the domain of Munsell colors, results obtained from adults concerning the dimensionality of the color space could be applied to young children (as long as they have normal color vision). PMID- 6965724 TI - Postpartum conglutination of the lower uterine segment following a placenta previa: Asherman's syndrome revisited. PMID- 6965725 TI - The effect of Corynebacterium parvum on T cell dependent tumor regression. PMID- 6965726 TI - Macrophage-induced T cell mitogen suppression with age. PMID- 6965727 TI - Basic antiinflammatory compounds. N,N',N''-Trisubstituted guanidines. AB - A variety of basic N,N',N'',-trisubstituted guanidines was prepared and tested for antiinflammatory activity. Compounds with a thiazolylguanidine moiety linked to the 4 position of the 2-methylquinoline ring exhibited fairly high antiinflammatory activity. Optimal activity was associated with the presence of N cycloalkyl substituents on N''-4-(2-methylquinolyl)-N'-2-thiazolylguanidine. Pharmacological data on N-cyclohexyl-N''-4-(2-methylquinolyl)-N'-2 thiazolylguanidine (SR 1368, 44) are presented and discussed. PMID- 6965728 TI - Binding specificities of adenosine aminohydrolase from calf intestinal mucosa with dialdehydes derived from hexofuranosyladenine nucleosides. AB - A series of nucleoside dialdehydes has been prepared as powders after treatment of hexofuranosyladenine nucleosides with paraperiodic acid; thus, periodate oxidation and purification of the products yielded dialdehydes derived from 9-(6 deoxy-beta-D-gulofuranosyl)adenine (1), 9-(6-deoxy-beta-L-gulofuranosyl)adenine (2), 9-(alpha-D-rhamnofuranosyl)adenine (3), 9-(alpha-L-rhamnofuranosyl)adenine (4), 9-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-talofuranosyl)adenine (5), 9-(5,6-dideoxy-beta-L-ribo-hex 5-enofuranosyl)adenine (6), and 9-(5,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hex-5 enofuranosyl)adenine (7). Nucleoside dialdehydes 1, 4, and 5 were weak substrates for adenosine aminohydrolase from calf intestinal mucosa. Dialdehydes 6 and 7 were not substrates for the enzyme but were rather strong competitive inhibitors, with Ki values of 50 and 7 microM, respectively. Dialdehydes 2 and 3 did not bind to the enzyme at all. The dialdehydes did not exhibit time-dependent inhibition, suggesting that they did not form covalent bonds with the protein. PMID- 6965729 TI - Neutralisation of immunologically distinct staphylococcal delta haemolysins by antibodies. AB - Antibodies against delta-haemolysin from Staphylococcus strain CN4108 (Newman) did not neutralise delta-haemolysin from the canine strain of S. aureus CN7450 to the same extent as delta-haemolysin prepared from S. aureus strain CN4108. This is additional evidence for the immunological distinctness of delta-haemolysin from these two S. aureus strains of human and canine origin. PMID- 6965730 TI - Effects of histamine on electrical and mechanical activity in voltage-clamped frog atrial fibres. PMID- 6965731 TI - Clinical inferences from recent observations on vestibular neuro-anatomy. AB - Recent knowledge of the neuro-anatomy of the vestibular system gained as the result of retrograde axonal tracer methods is reviewed. The new findings help explain some clinical features. The findings include separate termination in the vestibular nuclei of the first order neurons from the semicircular canals of the macular; the detailed connections between the eye cerebellar and spinal paths are commented upon. PMID- 6965732 TI - Vestibular and oculomotor disturbances caused by industrial solvents. AB - Hydrocarbon solvents, xylene, styrene, methylchloroform, and trichlorethylene, given intravenously to rabbits produce a positional nystagmus. Due to their additional influence on rotatory nystagmus, one may conclude that their mode of action takes place in the central nervous system. Optokinetic (OKN) responses in rabbits, cats, and humans were also influenced by styrene. OKN responses have not yet been tested for the other solvents. A comparison is made with the effects of alpha-chloralose and the GABA-antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin which produced similar disturbances. The GABA agonist, baclofen, prevents positional induced styrene nystagmus. It seems likely therefore that the solvents may act by blocking the cerebellar inhibition of vestibulo-oculomotor reflexes. Solvents given simultaneously in some combinations are either additive or synergistic in effect. The implications of these results for occupational medicine are self evident. PMID- 6965733 TI - Massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding after small-bowel bypass. PMID- 6965734 TI - The probability of surviving coronary bypass surgery. Five-year results from 1,718 patients. AB - This study of 1,718 men with bypass surgery from 1970 to 1974 in Milwaukee has indicated that the following factors are significantly associated with five-year survival: left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), plasma cholesterol level, coronary occlusion score, age, and left ventricular function (LVF). The 31 men with a previous stroke had a high risk (five-year survival was 32%). To serve as a guide to patient risk, a logistic model is used to predict five-year survival. These probabilities are tabulated for all combinations of LVEDP, age, LVF, occlusion score, and plasma cholesterol level. PMID- 6965735 TI - Electrical stimulation of bone growth wins clinical acceptance. PMID- 6965738 TI - Non-traumatic hemobilia. AB - A case of gastrointestinal bleeding due to hemobilia is presented. Extensive preoperative evaluation, including arteriography, did not unambiguously identify the source of hemorrhage. The differential diagnosis of this treatable cause of gastrointestinal bleeding is discussed. PMID- 6965737 TI - [Two cases of combined aortic valvular replacement and coronary artery bypass operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6965736 TI - Complications of local corticosteroid injections. AB - Unusual complications associated with local microcrystalline corticosteroid injections were observed in four patients with diverse rheumatic disorders. Adverse reactions included (1) bilateral digital flexor tendon rupture following carpal tunnel injection for idiopathic median nerve compression syndrome; (2) bowstring deformity of a finger after local corticosteroid treatment of psoriatic digital flexor tendonitis; (3) carpal tunnel infection following dorsal arthrocentesis of a wrist in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis; and (4) pronounced flushing of the face, neck, and chest after intrasynovial corticosteroid injection in a patient with psoriasis and arthritis. This article considers some physiologic actions of corticosteroids possibly responsible for development of these untoward effects. PMID- 6965739 TI - [Role of vascular surgery in controlling cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6965740 TI - [Surgical treatment of hemorrhages from esophageal and gastric phlebectasias]. PMID- 6965741 TI - [Invagination of the small intestine into the stomach via a posterior gastroenteroanastomosis]. PMID- 6965742 TI - [Effect of sodium bicarbonate on vestibular analyzer reactivity and trophicity]. PMID- 6965743 TI - Survey of the numbers and species of amphibia used in the United Kingdom in 1977. AB - This survey suggests that about 115 000 amphibia, of which more than half were Rana temporaria, were supplied for use in teaching and research in the UK during 1977. As only 27 000 were recorded as being used by universities, polytechnics and research institutes, probably mostly for teaching, it must be assumed that the majority are used for teaching purposes in schools. There has been an increase in the proportion of amphibia supplied by Recognised Suppliers, and also in that being 'purpose-bred' although breeding in the laboratory is still restricted to Xenopus laevis and Ambystoma mexicanum. Probable cost appears to be a deterent to the use of purpose-bred amphibia. A large number of respondents had encountered problems with using amphibia, mainly losses due to 'red leg' and arrival from the supplier in poor condition, probably interrelated. PMID- 6965744 TI - Cellular immune deficiency in black patients with basal cell carcinoma. AB - Skin cancer, the most common malignancy in white patients, is rare in black populations. Seventeen black patients have been diagnosed and treated for basal cell carcinoma in the past 20 years at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. Ten of them have died, six of various types of cancer. Of the seven living patients, one had two cancers at the time of study: a new basal cell carcinoma and generalized lymphoma. The majority of patients had some degree of mixed racial ancestry, with medium to light brown skin, a history of heavy sun exposure, and lesions appearing on the head or neck. Highly significant depression of cellular immunity was demonstrated in these patients by T-cell assay. Altered tumor surveillance is implied as an etiological factor in basal cell carcinogenesis in black patients. PMID- 6965745 TI - "High-affinity" T-cell rosettes: the effects of clinical manipulations and potential prognostic significance. PMID- 6965746 TI - Unstable angina: a clinicoarteriographic correlation and long-term results of early myocardial revascularization. PMID- 6965747 TI - Noninvasive assessment of the effects of aorta-coronary bypass grafting on ventricular function during rest and exercise. AB - Ventricular function was measured by radionuclide angiocardiography during rest and exercise in patients before and approximately 4 months after aorta-coronary bypass grafting. The first group of seven patients continued to have symptomatic chest pain after operation. The second group of 13 patients were asymptomatic after operation but, since they had been studied before operation, consented to postoperative study. Before operation, both patient groups demonstrated similar degrees of myocardial ischemia during exercise as documented by a decrease in ejection fraction, by large increases in end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, and by exercise-induced wall motion abnormalities. After aorta-coronary bypass grafting, ventricular function in the symptomatic patients was unchanged during rest and exercise. In contrast, ventricular function during rest and exercise in the asymptomatic patients was markedly improved. With exercise, the ejection fraction increased and the exercise-induced wall motion abnormalities seen before operation were abolished. Therefore, aorta-coronary bypass grafting can effectively reverse exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary disease. Moreover, the change in left ventricular function demonstrated by radionuclide angiocardiography correlated with the clinical status of the patient groups. PMID- 6965748 TI - Myocardial revascularization in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Symptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with chronic renal failure can complicate their management in a dialysis program. Hypotension associated with hemodialysis and the anemia of chronic renal disease can produce anginal episodes refractory to medical management. Untreated coronary artery disease may be a contraindication to renal transplantation in an otherwise acceptable candidate. We have encountered three cases of coronary artery disease severe enough to necessitate coronary bypass in patients from our long-term hemodialysis program. All three patients had uncomplicated postoperative courses, none had perioperative infarction, and in all three patients postoperative angiography demonstrated patency of all grafts. One patient subsequently underwent successful renal transplantation; the other two patients have continued in hemodialyses since bypass. We believe our experience and the reported experience of others confirm the feasibility of coronary bypass grafting in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6965749 TI - [Information management for nursing. 9. POS (program-oriented system) and nursing practice. 1. The current status and observation of the POS in a respiratory disease ward]. PMID- 6965750 TI - "How I do it"--otology and neurotology. A specific issue and its solution. Air CT canalography for the evaluation of the internal auditory canals. PMID- 6965752 TI - [Comparative evaluation of scanning and quantitative polypositional scintigraphy of the spleen with sulfur colloid-99mTc in lumphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 6965751 TI - Antibiotics and nasal surgery. AB - Despite the widespread use of prophylactic antibiotics in nasal surgery, the subject has been paid little attention in the literature. In a retrospective analysis of 210 patients who underwent septal surgery or a rhinoplasty, only 5 developed minor infections. Patients undergoing septal surgery or rhinoplasty (174) were evaluated in a randomized sequence, prospectively, to study the efficacy of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. Only 4 patients developed minor infections; and 173 patients demonstrated no clinical nor radiographic evidence of subsequent sinusitis. The incidence of infectious complications resulting from intranasal surgery is not sufficient to warrant the use of prophylactic antibiotics. Furthermore, proof of their effectiveness in preventing such infections is lacking. PMID- 6965753 TI - [Importance of the radiodiagnostic study of a brain tumor]. PMID- 6965755 TI - When a person suddenly goes deaf. PMID- 6965757 TI - Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) analgesia. PMID- 6965756 TI - In osteomyelitis the initial treatment is crucial. PMID- 6965754 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 6965758 TI - Treatment of pain by transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in general practice. AB - Sixty patients were treated for pain by transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in a general practice. The treatment resulted in a complete pain relief in 40%, a significant pain relief in 28.3%, and little or no pain relief in 31.7% of patients. These results are similar to those reported in several hospital series. PMID- 6965759 TI - Prevalence and causes of blindness in Australian aborigines. AB - A descriptive epidemiological survey of monocular and binocular blindness in Australian Aborigines was undertaken. A case-control study was also performed using age and sex matched sighted controls to allow investigation of personal and environmental factors which may contribute to blindness. The prevalence rate of binocular blindness in the Australian Aboriginal males and females was 11/1000; and the monocular blindness rates were 24/1000 for males and 18/1000 for females. The prevalence of blindness was strongly age-related; over the age of 60 years, 21.5% of males and 17.5% of females were binocularly blind, and 25.5% of males and 18.5% of females were monocularly blind. Half of the blindness was caused by cataracts, one-third by corneal disease, and one-twelfth by the loss of the globe. Trachoma and trauma were positively associated with blindness. Employment seemed to reduce the likelihood of blindness, with the exception of the Aboriginal males who had been employed as stockmen and who had a high rate of blindness. Less than 10% of blindness was attributable to degenerative or retinal disorders. PMID- 6965760 TI - Noises in the neck. PMID- 6965761 TI - Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after coronary bypass. PMID- 6965762 TI - Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after coronary bypass. PMID- 6965763 TI - Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after coronary bypass. PMID- 6965764 TI - Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after coronary bypass. PMID- 6965765 TI - Paying the physician's fee. PMID- 6965766 TI - Immunologic analysis of lymphoid tumors. PMID- 6965767 TI - Calcific aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6965768 TI - Lymphocyte differentiation and major histocompatibility complex antigen expression in the embryonic thymus. AB - During embryogenesis, stem cells migrate from the bloodstream into the thymic rudiment where they proliferate and differentiate into T lymphocytes. The epithelial cells of the thymic stroma may influence these processes by providing hormonal and/or contact stimuli to the developing lymphoblasts. Recently, it has been shown that T cells 'learn' to recognise the major histocompatability complex (MHC) antigens during thymic lymphopoiesis and become MHC-restricted. Their subsequent response to other antigens can only occur in the context of MHC antigens of the haplotype encountered in the thymus. Little is known, however, of antigen expression on the thymic stroma which may provide the reference framework on which this MHC restriction is based. In this study we use monoclonal antibodies to show that antigens of the K and I regions of the MHC are detectable on cells of the embryonic mouse thymic stroma from around the 14th day of gestation, just when lymphocyte differentiation is commencing. Furthermore, I region antigen (Ia antigen) expression is probably limited to thymic epithelium at this stage of gestation and we have not detected Ia on other epithelial tissues of the pharyngeal complex. This pattern of expression is consistent with a role for the thymic stroma in MHC restriction, perhaps by the selection of lymphoid cells for survival on the basis of their recognition of stromal MHC determinants. PMID- 6965769 TI - T-cell-derived helper factor allows in vivo induction of cytotoxic T cells in nu/nu mice. PMID- 6965770 TI - Nonsteroidal compounds which bind epididymal androgen-binding protein but not the androgen receptor. PMID- 6965771 TI - [Immotile cilia syndrome]. PMID- 6965772 TI - [A case of surgically cured atypical intrapontine hematoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6965774 TI - Charting: how and why to document your care daily--and fully. PMID- 6965773 TI - The risk of Parkinson disease in Mediterranean people. AB - On the basis of previous epidemiologic studies, Parkinson disease was thought to be evenly distributed throughout the world. These studies, however, were conducted only on North European populations. The position with regard to the Mediterranean peoples was still unknown, and we therefore studied the frequency of Parkinson disease on the island of Sardinia, where some ethnic groups of the Mediterranean stock are represented. Based on 967 accepted cases, the prevalence 100,000 population on January 1, 1972, was 65.6; the average annual incidence for the period 1961 through 1971 was 4.9. These figures are one-half of the figures established for North Europeans. Our findings suggest racial differences in predisposition to Parkinson disease. Some Negroid features are present in Sardinians. If, as seems likely, Africans prove to be relatively unsusceptible to the disease, the risk for Sardinians and other Mediterranean ethnic groups might be intermediate between North Europeans and Africans. PMID- 6965775 TI - Understanding the needs of your coronary bypass patient. PMID- 6965777 TI - Preop teaching helps. PMID- 6965776 TI - Nursing grand rounds. Meeting the needs of your coronary bypass patients. PMID- 6965778 TI - Transluminal coronary angioplasty. Use during saphenous coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6965779 TI - Trophoblastic markers in women using intrauterine contraception. AB - Serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (PSBG) were measured in 214 women using Copper-T200 intrauterine devices (CIUDs). In a cross-sectional study the samples were taken between the 25th and 35th cycle days, 1 sample per cycle. Either trophoblastic marker was detectable in 8 women (3.7%), hCG in 3 (1.4%), PSBG in 7 (3.3%), and both markers together in (0.9%). Normal menstruation-like bleeding ensued in all but 1 woman whose bleeding was delayed by 5 days. Our results suggest that the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) prevents pregnancy mainly before significant amounts of trophoblastic products are secreted. Still, the incidence of subclinical abortion based on the demonstration of trophoblastic markers in serum was 7 to 10 times higher than that of established pregnancy in women using a CIUD. PMID- 6965780 TI - Glucose metabolism of human mononuclear cell subpopulations. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated metabolic dysfunction in the mononuclear cells of some children with abnormal cell-mediated immunity. Interpretation of these observations has been complicated by the extreme heterogeneity of cell types examined. The glycolytic metabolism of relatively enriched T-cells, non-T mononuclear cells (NTM), non-T lymphocytes (NTL), and monocytes was studied in an attempt to measure the metabolism of subpopulations of mononuclear cells. Lactate production by monocytes was 11 times greater than that of T-cells and 2 1/2 times greater than that of non-T lymphocytes. Exposure to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated glycolytic metabolism in T-cells but did not stimulate glucose utilization or lactate production in NTM. Even when T-cells were maximally stimulated by PHA, their observed metabolism was still lower than that of NTL. The ATP content of T lymphocytes and NTL was similar and was constant under the conditions of incubation. The initial ATP content of monocytes was higher than that of lymphocytes, and diminished during incubation. Tricarboxylic acid cycle activity did not contribute significantly to ATP synthesis in any of the mononuclear cell subpopulations, under the conditions of incubation used in this study. Significant hexose monophosphate shunt activity was observed in all mononuclear cell types. These studies demonstrate major metabolic differences between mononuclear cell subtypes. Any correlation of metabolic observation with clinical dysfunction of mononuclear cells requires the study of relatively pure cell populations. PMID- 6965781 TI - Delayed in vitro immunoglobulin production by cord lymphocytes. AB - Pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) production by cord lymphocytes was studied in vitro by Ig-secreting plaque-forming cell (Ig-PFC) assay. Although adult mononuclear cells generated all of IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-PFC, cord mononuclear cells generated only IgM-PFC when cultured for seven days. The number of cord IgM-PFC was 102 +/- 26/10(4) mononuclear cells, being about one fourth of that of adult IgM-PFC. When cultured for 14 days, cord mononuclear cells formed increased numbers of IgM-PFC in contrast to adult cells and yielded IgG-PFC as well, indicating delayed Ig production. Cord T cells were much less effective at helping adult B cells to differentiate into Ig-PFC as compared with adult T cells. Substitution of adult T cells for cord T cell markedly improved the response of cord B cells. The present study demonstrates Ig secretion by cord lymphocytes in response to pokeweed mitogen stimulation. The results further indicate that the delayed Ig production by cord lymphocytes is largely due to functional immaturity of the T cells. PMID- 6965782 TI - Prevalence of Pneumocystis carinii Delanoe & Delanoe, 1912 in rodents in Denmark. AB - Pneumocystis carinii has been found in 17 of 90 (19%) wild living trapped brown rats (Rattus norvegicus). The positive brown rats originated from about 25% of the trapping localities examined. Among brown rats of two breeding stocks, H and S, pneumocysts were found in 43.5% of the H rats, but in none of the S rats. By keeping brown H rats on a low protein diet for 8 weeks, it was possible to augment the prevalence to 53.8%. Pneumocystis carinii has furthermore been found in one of eight (12.5%) wild living long-tailed field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), in one of 16 (6.3%) wild living house mice (Mus musculus), and in one of ten roof rats (Rattus rattus) of the Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory's breeding stock. Other rodent species, yellow-necked field mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), water vole (Arvicola terrestris), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), field vole (Microtus agrestis), and an insectivor species, the common shrew (Sorex araneus) were all examined in small numbers, and were all negative for pneumocysts. Among rodents in Denmark. Rattus norvegicus seems to be the most important reservoir host for Pneumocystis carinii. PMID- 6965783 TI - Colour vision defects: their industrial and occupational significance. PMID- 6965784 TI - Allergy: when the body takes a stand. PMID- 6965785 TI - [Carrier state of hepatitis B virus. II. Various immunological aspects]. PMID- 6965786 TI - [Effect of occupational exposure to cadmium on the activity of alpha 1 antitrypsin in the blood serum]. PMID- 6965788 TI - [Preferential spleno-renal shunt by retroperitoneal approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 6965787 TI - [Clonal proliferation of B lymphocytes]. PMID- 6965790 TI - [Colony-stimulating activity of the plasma from hematologically healthy persons]. PMID- 6965789 TI - [ T- and B-lymphocyte populations in thyroid pathology]. AB - Examination of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with thyroid pathology demonstrated that autoimmune forms were attended by T cell deficiency with an excess of B cells and circulating antithyroid autoantibodies. The blood content of T and B lymphocytes was within the normal range in patients with nontoxic goiter, but circulating autoantibodies to the thyroid gland were found in 40% of cases. Examination of the blood in patients with diffuse toxic goiter of moderate severity at the early periods after a course of chemotherapy showed no normalization of the cellular and humoral immunity indices. PMID- 6965791 TI - Mitogenic hormone-induced intracellular message: assay and partial characterization of an activator of DNA replication induced by epidermal growth factor. AB - This paper explores the pathway from nuclear quiescence to mitogenesis. It describes an in vitro assay for an activator of DNA replication induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in responsive cells. Cytoplasmic extracts from EGF treated 3T3 cells were found to contain substances that can stimulate DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei from spleen cells of adult frogs. Extracts from untreated resting 3T3 cells lack this activity, and EGF itself is incapable of stimulating DNA synthesis in these cell-free systems. The extract-induced stimulation of incorporation of [3H]dTTP into nuclear DNA is ATP dependent and requires the presence of the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, suggesting the occurrence of replication rather than repair synthesis. This cell-free assay has been used to obtain some initial insights into the mechanism of induction and biochemical characterization of the intermediate in EGF action. Half-maximal induction of the active intracellular substance is achieved at about 0.08 nM EGF, a concentration that correlates well with the concentration required for half maximal mitogenesis. Studies on the biochemical characteristics of this active substance strongly suggest that the activity is associated with a protein. The activity is nondialyzable and sensitive to trypsin and heat. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of the extract revealed three peaks of activity with molecular weights of 46,000, 110,000, and 270,000 (sedimentation coefficients: 3.7 S, 6.6 S, and 12 S, respectively). These results indicate that receptor-EGF interaction at the cell surface leads to the intracellular generation of protein that are capable of stimulating quiescent nuclei into activity. PMID- 6965792 TI - Physical interaction and activity coupling between two enzymes induced by immobilization of one. AB - Flavin reductase and bacterial luciferase are believed to be coupled in the in vivo light emitting reaction. In extracts, however, they are both soluble enzymes that exhibit little or no association. Immobilized luciferase, covalently attached to Sepharose, was found to bind the soluble reductase and to exhibit activity in the coupled reaction reaction with an enhanced efficiency of electron transfer. PMID- 6965794 TI - Crohn disease lymph node homogenates produce murine lymphoma in athymic mice. AB - To study the putative agent(s) related to Crohn disease, we intraperitoneally in injected mesenteric lymph node homogenates from four patients with active Crohn disease into 10-week-old athymic (nu/nu) mice. Control mice (nu/nu) were injected with homogenates of mesenteric lymph nodes from two patients with ulcerative colitis and four patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy, and with a homogenate of a cervical lymph node containing sarcoid granuloma. Thirty-four mice received filtered or unfiltered homogenates from Crohn disease lymph nodes. Thirty-two mice received homogenates or filtrates from lymph nodes of control patients. Four mice from the group injected with Crohn disease homogenates from four different patients developed generalized lymphadenopathy due to lymphoma 10 28 weeks after th injection. Two additional mice developed lymphadenopathy due to plasma cell hyperplasia. None of the control mice developed lymphomas or lymphadenopathy. Two lymphomas were homogenized, filtered, and injected intraperitoneally into a second group of nu/nu mice, which also developed lymphoma within 8 weeks of injection. Two lymphomas were cultured in vitro and B cell sur?ACE MARKERS WERE IDENTIFIED. Indirect immunofluorescence studies in two lymphomas showed cytoplasmic staining of lymphoma cells with sera from 10 patients with active Crohn disease but not with sera from 13 control subjects, including 6 with ulcerative colitis and 7 with other gastrointestinal disorders. These results suggest that a transmissible factor present in Crohn disease lymph nodes produces lymphoma in nu/nu mice. Furthermore, sera of Crohn disease patients contain an antibody that recognizes an "antigen(s)" in the murine lymphoma. PMID- 6965793 TI - Specific binding of phorbol ester tumor promoters. AB - [20-(3)H]Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate bound to particulate preparations from chicken embryo fibroblasts in a specific, saturable, reversible fashion. Equilibrium binding occurred with a K(d) of 25 nM; this value is very close to the 50% effective dose (ED(50)), 50 nM, previously determined for the biological response (induction of fibronectin loss) in growing chicken embryo fibroblasts. At saturation, 1.4 pmol of [20-(3)H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate was bound per mg of protein (approximately 7 x 10(4) molecules per cell). Binding was inhibited by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (K(i) = 2 nM), mezerein (K(i) = 180 nM), phorbol 12,13-dibenzoate (K(i) = 180 nM), phorbol 12,13-diacetate (K(i) = 1.7 muM), phorbol 12,13,20-triacetate (K(i) = 39 muM), and phorbol 13-acetate (K(i) = 120 muM). The measured K(i) values are all within a factor of 3.5 of the ED(50) values of these derivatives for inducing loss of fibronectin in intact cells. Binding was not inhibited by the inactive compounds phorbol (10 mug/ml) and 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (10 mug/ml) or by the inflammatory but nonpromoting phorbol-related diterpene esters resiniferatoxin (100 ng/ml) and 12 deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate 20-acetate (100 ng/ml). These data suggest that biological responses to the phorbol esters in chicken embryo fibroblasts are mediated by this binding activity and that the binding activity corresponds to the phorbol ester target in mouse skin involved in tumor promotion. Binding was not inhibited by the nonphorbol promoters anthralin (1 muM), phenol (1 mM), iodoacetic acid (1.7 muM), and cantharidin (75 muM), or by epidermal growth factor (100 ng/ml), dexamethasone acetate (2 muM), retinoic acid (10 muM), or prostaglandin E(2) (1 muM). These agents thus appear to act at a target distinct from that of the phorbol esters. PMID- 6965796 TI - Allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation using mouse spleen cells fractionated by lectins: in vitro study of cell fractions. AB - Mouse spleen cells sequentially agglutinated by soybean agglutinin (SBA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) previously had been shown to be sufficiently depleted of graft-versus-host activity to allow reconstitution of lethally irradiated allogeneic recipient mice. We have now tested the extent of T-cell depletion in this cell fraction by various in vitro assays, including cytotoxicity testing with anti-Thy-1 antiserum, mitogenic response to the T-cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin and allogeneic responsiveness in the mixed lymphocytes culture assay. By these criteria the SBA+, PNA+ spleen fraction, used previously in the in vivo experiments, was found to possess about 1% T-cell contamination. The slight contamination with T cells previously found in the singly agglutinated SBA fraction can be removed by a second fractionation with SBA, thus eliminating the possibility that a minor T-cell subpopulation bears receptors for SBA. Finally, we demonstrated that the twice-agglutinated fraction, by SBA and PNA or by SBA alone, contains a significant number of prothymocytes, thereby indicating that mouse prothymocytes bear receptors for both SBA and PNA. The implication of these findings to bone marrow transplantation in humans is discussed. PMID- 6965795 TI - Isolation and characterization of the pigment-protein complexes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides by lithium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - When purified photosynthetic membranes from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were treated with lithium dodecyl sulfate and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 4 degrees C, up to 11 pigment-protein complexes were resolved. Absorption spectra revealed that the smallest complex contained reaction center pigments and the others contained the antenna components B850 and B875 in various proportions. Of these antenna complexes, the largest was almost entirely B850 and the smallest contained only B875. After solubilization at 100 degrees C and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gradient gels, the B850 complex gave rise to two polypeptide components migrating with apparent Mr of 10,000 and 8000, whereas with the B875 complex, two components were observed with apparent Mr of 12,000 and 8000. The reaction center complex gave rise to only the 24 and 21 kilodalton polypeptide subunits. Fluorescence emission spectra showed maxima at 872 and 902 nm for B850 and B875, respectively. Analyses of bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids indicated that, in the B875 complex, two molecules of each of these pigments are associated with the two polypeptides. The associations of B850 and B875 in large and small complexes obtained by lithium dodecyl sulfate treatment are consistent with models of their organization within the membrane. PMID- 6965797 TI - Phospholipid methylation: a biochemical signal modulating lymphocyte mitogenesis. AB - Phospholipid methylation in murine T lymphocytes but not B cells was stimulated by mitogenic lectins such as concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and the methylation was then returned to the control level by the concomitant activation of phospholipase A2. A parallelism between dose-response curves of concanavalin A for phospholipid methylation and thymidine incorporation was found. Inhibition of either synthesis or degradation of methylated phospholipids resulted in a decrease in the thymidine incorporation. Although prostaglandins such as the E and F series were the main products of arachidonic acid released by phospholipase A2 activation, inhibition of synthesis of these compounds by indomethacin did not reduce the thymidine incorporation significantly. These results suggest that the mitogenesis of murine T lymphocytes is triggered by the activation of both phospholipid methyltransferase(s) and phospholipase A2. PMID- 6965800 TI - Fully three-dimensional positron emission tomography. AB - Fully three-dimensional positron emission tomography is considered and a reconstruction algorithm derived. The reconstruction problem is formulated mathematically as a three-dimensional convolution integral of a point spread function with an unknown positron activity distribution and is solved by Fourier transform methods. Performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both simulated phantom data produced by a Monte Carlo computer program and phantom data obtained from the University of Chicago/Searle Positron Camera. It is concluded that the method is computationally feasible and results in accurate reconstructions. PMID- 6965799 TI - Effect of neutropenia on colony stimulating and inhibiting activity of dog serum. PMID- 6965798 TI - Localization of mitochondria in living cells with rhodamine 123. AB - The laser dye rhodamine 123 is shown to be a specific probe for the localization of mitochondria in living cells. By virtue of its selectivity for mitochondria and its fluorescent properties, the detectability of mitochondria stained with rhodamine 123 is significantly improved over that provided by conventional light microscopic techniques. With the use of rhodamine 123, it is possible to detect alterations in mitochondrial distribution following transformation by Rous sarcoma virus and changes in the shape and organization of mitochondria induced by colchicine treatment. PMID- 6965801 TI - Effect of short term benzene administration on circulating lymphocyte subpopulations in the rabbit: evidence of a selective B-lymphocyte sensitivity. AB - Repeated subcutaneous administration of benzene to rabbits (0.25 or 0.5 ml/kg/day) produced a progressive lymphocytopenia with a 80% reduction in total circulating lymphocytes after 10 days of treatment. This decrease in circulating lymphocytes was due primarily to a reduction in B- cells with 17-30% remaining after 10 days of treatment, depending on the dose. Immunoglobin surface receptor negative cells, presumably T lymphocytes, were relatively unaffected until late in the experiment at the high dose. It is concluded that benzene has a relatively selective cytotoxic effect on circulating B-lymphocytes in the rabbit. PMID- 6965802 TI - Nurses' orders: the next professional breakthrough? PMID- 6965803 TI - Role of the spleen in the growth of a murine B cell leukemia. AB - A spontaneous B cell leukemia (BCL1) grew progressively in normal BALB/c mice after injection of tumor cells but did not grow in splenectomized recipients. Despite the absence of progressive tumor growth, residual tumor cells with malignant potential were found in the peripheral blood of the splenectomized animals. Splenectomy performed after injection of tumor cells but before the development of marked leukocytosis also prevented progressive tumor growth and death of the host. Thus the spleen appears to be necessary for progressive proliferation of this lymphocytic leukemia early after passage in vivo. PMID- 6965805 TI - Case report 107. PMID- 6965806 TI - Thalamic stimulation in the control of pain. PMID- 6965804 TI - Bone scanning in the child and young adult. Part I. AB - Radionuclide bone scanning will identify readily areas of the skeleton where vascularity or osteogenesis is disturbed. Frequently, this will be achieved with a greater sensitivity than orthodox radiology by reflecting altered local physiology of bone. This procedure is, therefore, valuable not only for identifying metastatic disease, but also in benign skeletal disorders characterised by altered blood flow or osteoblastic reaction. These changes occur in many diseases involving bone which are more common in children and young adults. Special attention to the performance of the study and to its interpretation is, however, required in these age groups. The bone scan is invaluable in detecting metastatic disease related to either primary bone tumours or other neoplasia, both in the initial investigation and in the evaluation of therapy. Extra-osseous uptake may also occur, providing useful information relevant to the care of these patients. PMID- 6965808 TI - [Scientific and organizational problems in the development of rheumatology]. PMID- 6965807 TI - Hemodynamics during diazepam induction of anesthesia for coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - The hemodynamics during induction of anesthesia were studied in ten patients with ischemic heart disease about to have coronary artery bypass grafting. Intravenous diazepam, 0.5 mg/kg (with 50% N2O in oxygen inspired and pancuronium IV), was used to induce anesthesia. Compared to awake baseline, induction caused statistically significant decreases in the mean arterial pressure, rate pressure product, stroke index, and left and right ventricular stroke work indexed. Although statistically significant, the hemodynamic changes were small and transient and required no modifying treatment. This anesthetic induction technic is safe, efficient, and well tolerated by patients having myocardial revascularization surgery. PMID- 6965809 TI - [Differential diagnostic importance of serological studies in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6965810 TI - [Importance of endoscopy in the diagnosis of hemorrhages into the digestive tract]. PMID- 6965811 TI - Transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation in musculoskeletal pain of acute spinal cord injuries. AB - Cervical, thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar fractures associated with physiologic complete or incomplete spinal cord injuries frequently have severe soft-tissue injury as well as severe pain associated with the site or area of injury. Transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation has proved effective in the treatment of various causes of severe acute and chronic intractable pains. We applied this modality to a group of 20 patients who had acute spinal cord injuries and pain associated with severe, extensive soft-tissue injury. Its advantages include ease of application, lack of major complications, increased intestinal peristalsis, and avoidance of narcotic analgesic medications. It also produced significant (greater than 50%) pain relief in 75% of patients treated by transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation. PMID- 6965812 TI - Problem-oriented medical records, nursing audit & accountability. PMID- 6965813 TI - Immunogenicity of foreign tissues: comment. PMID- 6965814 TI - [Antigen study of eosinophilic leukocytes]. PMID- 6965815 TI - Ultrasonic ring sign. PMID- 6965816 TI - Unstable angina pectoris: national cooperative study group to compare surgical and medical therapy. III. Results in patients with S-T segment elevation during pain. PMID- 6965817 TI - History of nightblindness: a simple tool for xerophthalmia screening. AB - Among 5925 preschool-age children examined in a house to house rural field study, X1B (Bitot's spot with xerosis) and/or an history of nightblindness (XN) was presented in 325. Mean serum vitamin A levels among those with isolated XN (13.9 microgram/dl), isolated X1B (13.4 micrograms/dl), and coexistent XN/X1B (12.1 microgram/dl) were similar, and significantly below that of normal age/sex/neighborhood matched controls (17.6, 17.1, and 18.3 microgram/dl, respectively). The mean serum vitamin A level of the matched controls was significantly below that of normal, randomly sampled children from the study population as a whole (20.6 microgarm/dl). As independent screening criteria, disregarding the presence of absence of other signs, twice as many children had a history of XN as had X1B (84 and 41% of all clinically abnormal children, respectively). Of randomly sampled children 55% but only 15% of cases of XN had serum vitamin A levels above 20 microgram/dl. Of children with a history of nightblindness 97% had impaired scotopic vision on objective testing, but the mean serum vitamin A levels among test positives and negatives were identical. These results suggest a properly eleicited history of nightblindness can be almost as specific and far more sensitive an index of vitamin A deficiency and early xerophthalmia than the prescence of Bitot's spots (X1B), and that vitamin A deficiency is a clustered, neighborhood phenomenon rather than an isolated, sporadic occurrence. PMID- 6965818 TI - Acute isoniazid poisoning in childhood. AB - Acute isoniazid poisoning is uncommon in children. Only 27 cases, to our knowledge, have been reported in the literature. Often, the first observation is of uncontrollable convulsions. The metabolic alterations are often striking and the treatment has mainly been supportive, with the judicious use of pyridoxine hydrochloride in those cases in which a history of ingestion of isoniazid is obtained. The response to the administration of pyridoxine has been difficult to evaluate. PMID- 6965819 TI - High dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue. Rationale and spectrum of antitumor activity. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) in high doses (3 to 7.5 g/m2) with leucovorin rescue (HDMTX LCV) can be delivered on a weekly basis in a setting of proper pharmacologic monitoring. Myelosuppression occurs in 28 per cent of the patients and in 8 per cent of the courses and usually results from delayed MTX excretion secondary to mild reversible nephrotoxicity. The incidence of tumor regression was 50 per cent in head and neck cancer; 59 per cent in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; 40 per cent in small cell lung cancer; 24 to 50 per cent in breast cancer and 50 per cent in osteogenic carcinoma, for an over-all response rate of 39 per cent (70 of 178) in patients with disseminated cancer. HDMTX-LCV is not recommended for the conventional treatment of metastatic cancer because of the potential for toxicity and the fact that the response rates cited are probably not superior to those which can be achieved by conventional doses of MTX. However, the relative lack of myelosuppression and mucositis, when compared to conventional unrescued MTS, and the achievement of therapeutic concentrations of MTX in the central nervous system with the HDMTX-LCV program have led to its incorporation into clinical trials of combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6965820 TI - An inhibitor of thymic hormone activity in serum from patients with lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Serum from 21 patients with lymphoblastic leukemia, five with myeloblastic leukemia and 30 age matched control subjects tested for thymic hormone activity in an assay that measures the induction of T cell surface antigen. This activity was subnormal in serum from 10 of 16 patients with untreated lymphoblastic leukemia (p less than 0.001) but was within the normal range when the leukemia was in remission. Low inductive activity was associated with an inhibitor of T cell induction which was less than 30,000 daltons in molecular size and interfered with induction by purified thymopoietin plus a high concentration of ubiquitin or by normal serum alone. PMID- 6965821 TI - Adult-onset familial adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Two sisters (28 and 30 years) were investigated for primary infertility and milk hirsutism. Both had normal puberty, were having regular menses and had normal female sexual characteristics. Studies revealed elevated urinary 17-ketosteroid levels (15.8, 18.8 mg/24 hours) and increased serum levels of 17-OH-progesterone (2,756, 1,121 ng/dl), 21-desoxycortisol (1,882, 1,090 ng/dl), progesterone (300, 346 ng/dl), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) (1,600, 1,700 ng/dl), and androstenedione (402, 366 ng/dl) and testosterone (100, 104 ng/dl), together with a slight increase in serum 11-desoxycortisol (1,180, 1,560 ng/dl). Blood pressure, serum sodium/potassium plasma renin and serum aldosterone, corticosterone, 11-desoxycorticosterone and cortisol levels were normal. The administration of ACTH caused a further increase in 21-hydroxylase precursors; the administration of dexamethasone normalized hormone levels and produced ovulatory cycles. Similar studies in two siblings were normal. The affected sisters were HLA identical and did not share any HLA antigens with their healthy siblings. The data suggest that these patients have a mild form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency which was insufficient to cause prenatal virilization. The gene for this disorder may be allelic with that for typical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 6965824 TI - Early recognition of surgically correctable causes of excessive mediastinal bleeding after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - In an attempt to establish criteria to enable recognition of patients with surgically correctable causes of excessive mediastinal bleeding, 250 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were reviewed. Ten (4 percent) required reexploration for excessive postoperative mediastinal bleeding and were compared with 95 consecutive control patients. There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative coagulation studies, use of aspirin or warfarin, number of vessels bypassed or bypass time. Mean mediastinal blood loss was statistically greater (p less than 0.001) in the reexploration group for the first 8 hours of the postoperative period than in the control group. Mean heterologous blood transfusion was 8.4 units in the reexploration group compared with 1.3 units in the control group. Based on analysis of the differences in mediastinal bleeding rates in the control and reexploration groups, we conclude that after coronary artery bypass graft surgery postoperative mediastinal bleeding of greater than 300 ml in the 1st hour, greater than 250 ml in the 2nd hours, and greater than 150 ml/hour thereafter suggests the presence of a surgically correctable lesion. PMID- 6965823 TI - Pepsinogen secretion by the frog esophagus in vitro. PMID- 6965822 TI - Immunomorphologic lymph node changes in rats bearing experimental breast tumors. AB - In this paper regional lymph nodes draining tumors and also nonregional lymph nodes have been studied at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. These nodes were obtained from rats bearing long-evolving autochthonous breast cancers. They were compared with a control group of the same age. A morphometric quantitative analysis was done to evaluate immunologically competent cell populations. In the experimental group there were no differences between regional and distal lymph nodes in the tumor challenge. However, when the experimental group was compared with the control group, differences appeared. The changes involved were diminution of the paracortical area with stimulation of plasma cells in the medullary cords. Ultrastructurally, in lymph nodes of the experimental group there were lymphoblasts in the paracortex and germinal centers, suggesting active lymphopoiesis. In addition, many plasma cells showed morphologic evidence of involution or other alterations. It is suggested that regional and distal lymph nodes have similar morphologic behavior when the tumor grows for a long period of time, a finding that contributes to our knowledge of the systemic implications of the lymphatic system. PMID- 6965825 TI - Splenic artery aneurysm-pancreatic duct fistula. AB - Massive hemorrhage as a sequela of chronic pancreatitis may originate from many sources. This report documents a rare case of communication between the pancreatic ductal system and a pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery. The multidisciplinary management of this unusual case required the combined expertise of the endoscopist, radiologist and surgeon. PMID- 6965826 TI - [Reoperation due to delayed obliteration of aorto-femoral prosthesis]. PMID- 6965827 TI - Effects of cyclophosphamide, levamisole and concanavalin A on the in vitro IgE biosynthesis. AB - The effects of cyclophosphamide (200 microgram/ml), levamisole (1 microgram/ml) and Concanavalin A (10 microgram/ml) on the in vitro IgE biosynthesis of lymphocytes from 2 allergic children and six healthy adults were studied. The capability of the IgE biosynthesis was enhanced by cyclophosphamide in nine allergic children, suppressed by levamisole in three and not changed by Concanavalin A. The three patients who showed in vitro suppressed IgE synthesis by levamisole had been treated with levamisole for more than three months but only one revealed decreased serum IgE. PMID- 6965828 TI - Different responses of T-cell subpopulations to allergen challenge in asthmatic children and normals. AB - Distributions of T-cell subpopulations before and after in vitro allergen stimulation were studied in 57 house dust sensitive asthmatic children and 23 healthy persons. House dust sensitivity was defined by both positive skin test and RAST, T micron cells were detected by rosette formation of T-cells with ox RBC-IgM complexes and T gamma cells with ox RBC-IgG complexes. Without stimulation there was no difference in the distribution of T micron and T gamma cells between patients and normals. After stimulation, while both T micron and T gamma cells were increased in patients, only T gamma cells were increased in normals. Therefore, the normal IgE response of healthy individuals to allergen exposure may result from enhanced T gamma suppressor cells. PMID- 6965829 TI - A matched-pair study of the leukocyte elastase-like activity in normal persons and in emphysematous patients with and without alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - The elastase-like activities in whole cell extracts of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes of 10 emphysematous patients with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ) and of 7 subjects with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ or PiSZ) without emphysema were the same as the activities of healthy nondeficient subjects (PiMM) matched according to age, sex, and smoking history. In 16 emphysematous patients without alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiMM) however, the leukocyte elastase-like activity tended to be higher than that of normal control subjects. We concluded that in persons with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, the leukocyte elastase-like activity is not a deciding factor in the development of emphysema. In persons without alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, however, the leukocyte elastase-like activity may be a contributing factor in the development of this disease. Variations in specific anti-leukocyte elastase-like activity of alpha 1-antitrypsin, which might play a role in the pathogenesis of emphysema, were not found. PMID- 6965830 TI - Characterization of the glomerular antibody in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - Glomerular-fixed antibody was eluted from the kidney of a 17-year-old patient who died 2 weeks after the onset of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Elevated titers of antibodies to streptococcal enzymes were found in the serum but not in the glomerular eluate. Streptococcal M protein and anti-M protein reactivity were not detected in the eluate. Immunoglobulin G was the only serum protein demonstrated in the eluate, and it was found to have anti-IgG activity highly concentrated with respect to the serum. These studies appear to indicate that anti-IgG is involved in the immune pathogenesis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Native IgG may be rendered autoimmunogenic by the streptococcus with subsequent antibody production to the neoautoimmunogen. Alernatively, anti-IgG may be produced to the IgG incorporated in an exogenous streptococcal antigen-antibody complex. PMID- 6965832 TI - The biochemical basis of emphysema: the oxidant effect of cigarette smoke? PMID- 6965831 TI - Coronary-artery surgery in patients with end-stage renal disease. AB - Between 1975 and 1979 we performed coronary arteriography on 15 patients with end stage renal failure and clinical evidence of severe ischemic heart disease. One patient died after the procedure of severe pump failure. Ten patients subsequently received coronary-artery bypass grafts, and two of these patients also received mitral-valve replacement. One patient, a diabetic, died of sepsis after surgery. Eight of the nine surviving patients, including the two patients who had undergone mitral-valve replacement, are markedly improved as a result of surgery. Our experience indicates that these patients can undergo angiography and coronary-artery bypass surgery at an increased but acceptable risk, provided dialysis is done before and after cardiac catheterization and surgery to control extracellular volume overload and hyperkalemia. The operation benefits patients with end-stage renal failure and severe ischemic heart disease by relieving angina and improving their level of activity. It is unclear whether survival is improved for these patients. PMID- 6965833 TI - Lymphocyte blast transformation and peripheral lymphocyte percentages in patients with sickle cell disease. AB - Twenty patients with sickle cell disease (14 black females and 6 black males, mean age 31.5 +/- 9.3) were studied by quantitating peripheral T and B lymphocyte percentages and measuring lymphocyte blast transformation (LBT) in response to phytohemagglutinin-P, concanavalin-A and pokeweed mitogen. Compared to normal black controls (19 black females and 1 black male, mean age 32.0 +/- 9.2 years) sickle cell patients had decreased T lymphocytes (50.2 percent +/- 6.2 compare; to 66.2 percent +/- 1.7) and increased B lymphocytes (17.0 percent +/- 3.4 compared to 7.7 percent +/- 1.1). Sickle patients exhibited decreased LBT to all three mitogens. PMID- 6965834 TI - [Gene mapping in the pig (Sus scrofa 1.). I. Study of two syntenic groups G6PD, PGK, HPRT and PKM2, MPI (author's transl)]. AB - Thirteen pig-hamster and fifteen pig-mouse hybrid ceil lines were developed. These lines eliminate the pig chromosomes preferentially. The following syntenies were demonstrated: G6PD, PGK, HPRT, and PKM2, MPI. PMID- 6965835 TI - [Great homology of chromosome banding of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and primates, including man (author's transl)]. AB - The karyotype of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is compared to that of different primates, including man. Considerable homology exists in the banding patterns of most chromosomes. Some fifty structural rearrangements differentiate the rabbit and the human karyotypes. The rabbit karyotype seems to have remained more ancestral than the human. PMID- 6965836 TI - A clinical syndrome associated with 5p duplication and 9p deletion. AB - We have evaluated a sister and brother with a similar pattern of malformations and death in early childhood associated with partial duplication chromosome 5p and possibly deletion of 9p. The father and the brother and several paternal relatives are carriers of the balanced translocation t(5;9) (p13;p22). The malformations which the two have in common are: prominent forehead, flat nasal bridge, long thin fingers, bilateral equinovarus deformity of the feet, diaphragmatic hernia and kidney malformations. The children died at ages 4 months and 27 months, the latter showing marked psychomotor retardation. The chromosome abnormalities, clinical history, and phenotypic features of our patients are similar to the case reported by Monteleone et al (1976). The findings in our patients and Monteleone et al. (1976) are not similar to those in other reported cases of partial and complete 5q duplications, perhaps because the others do not have partial deletion of 9p. PMID- 6965841 TI - Interstitial deletion 6q in a malformed boy. PMID- 6965838 TI - [Increase of LDH A and partial trisomy 11p (author's transl)]. AB - An increase of LDH A activity is observed in an adolescent patient trisomic for 11p with the exception of band 11p13. The clinical syndrome is delineated: broad faces, abundant eyebrows in their internal portion, enophtalmia, hypoplasic nasal bridge, hypertelorism, epicanthus, cleft palate or lip, macroglossia, hypotrophic muscles, soft and abundant skin, mental retardation. PMID- 6965839 TI - [Methodology for HLA typing of amniotic fluid fetal cells (author's transl)]. AB - Determination of HLA antigens can be used for prenatal diagnosis of some congenital anomalies such as adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency). This necessitates rigourous HLA typing of fetal cells cultivated in vitro. The method we have developed utilizes microcytotoxicity and quantitative microabsorption tests which have been adapted to the types of cells found in these cultures. PMID- 6965837 TI - Hemophilia A in a phenotypic female with normal male karyotype associated with a low factor XII level. AB - Hemophilia A was detected in a 40-year-old black Gabonese female prior to thoracic surgery for empyema. The diagnosis of mild hemophilia A was supported by the findings of low factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C 4%), normal levels of factors VIII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) and VIII von Willebrand (VIIIR:WF), without detectable circulating anticoagulant. Neither the patient nor her immediate relatives had past histories of abnormal bleeding. The physical features were phenotypically female with developed breasts, pubic hair and normal external genitalia: however, she had primary amenorrhea, a blind vagina with no uterus and her karyotype was 46,XY. These findings are consistent with the diagnosis of testicular feminization thereby explaining the apparent contradiction between the phenotype and the known six-linked inheritance of hemophilia A. In addition to factor VIII deficiency a low level of factor XII (20%) was detected although it cannot be concluded whether the patient is truly factor XII deficient or whether she represents a low variant of the normal distribution. PMID- 6965840 TI - [Electrophoretic distance between the Mandrill and the Drill (author's transl)]. AB - The Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) and the Drill (M. leucophaeus) differ by approximately 30% of their genes as shown by electrophoretic studies. The reasons of this differenciation are discussed with regard to divergence of characters, geographical isolation, and social organization of both species. PMID- 6965842 TI - [Phenotypic effects of 6 trisomies and 2 double trisomies in Pleurodeles waltlii michahelles (amphibian and urodele) (author's transl)]. AB - In the Newt Pleurodeles waltlii (2N = 24), trisomics for chromosomes 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 3 or 4, and double trisomics for 9 and 10 and for 10 and 11 have reached adulthood. The particular phenotype of each is described, as are the genital apparatus of the sterile aneuploids (trisomics 9, 10, and 3 or 4 and double trisomics 9 and 10, 10 and 11) and the axial skeleton of fertile trisomics (8, 10, 11). PMID- 6965843 TI - Partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 4. AB - A 6,5 years old mentally retarded girl with duplication 4(q25 leads to q31) is reported. She presented the major clinical stigmata commonly found in partial 4q trisomy. PMID- 6965844 TI - Non-fluorescent Y-chromosome in mixed gonadal dysgenesis with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism. PMID- 6965845 TI - Partial trisomy 13 with phenotype of Patau syndrome due to maternal reciprocal translocation t(6;13) (q25;q13). PMID- 6965846 TI - Distal 18q deletion without clinical findings of 18q- syndrome. AB - A de nova translocation of long arm of chromosome 3 to the distal third of long arm of 18 was detected in a 10 years old boy, whose phenotype has been somewhat affected. Although the translocation has resulted in loss of distal segment of 18q, clinically he bears little resemblance to 18q- syndrome. PMID- 6965847 TI - Chromosome studies of bone marrow cells from metronidazole-treated patients. AB - Chromosome studies were performed in bone-marrow cells from thirty nine patients with hepatic or intestinal amibiasis, and/or giardiasis, who had been treated with metronidazole during ten days. There was no significant difference in chromosome aberration frequency between the samples before and after treatment. PMID- 6965848 TI - The nature of the cytosolic activators of the adrenal steroid 21-hydroxylation system. PMID- 6965849 TI - Activation and inhibition of the adrenal steroid 21-hydroxylation system by cytosolic constituents: influence of glutathione, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate. PMID- 6965850 TI - Transluminal coronary angioplasty during saphenous coronary bypass surgery: a preliminary report. AB - A previously described balloon tipped dilatation catheter has been used during revascularization surgery to dilate lesions which potentially could limit the runoff of the saphenous bypass grafts. A total of 34 lesions were dilated in 25 patients. Restudy of 12 patients (15 lesions) demonstrated positive results and no clinically significant complications. These preliminary results suggest an important role for transluminal coronary dilatation in the operative treatment of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6965851 TI - Mechanical sutures in esophageal surgery. AB - Precise, safe and expeditious suturing of the esophagus to the stomach or the small or large bowel is required in procedures designed to re-establish continuity following esophagogastrectomy, partial or total esophagectomy and total gastrectomy, and to control exsanguinating hemorrhage from ruptured esophageal varcies. In the anastomosis of the esophagus to the stomach, small or large bowel, and in the control of hemorrhage from bleeding esophageal varices by a modified Tanner-Boerema procedure, the EEA, the GIA (loaded with SGIA cartridges) and the TA-55 stapling instruments significantly facilitate and simplify these operations. PMID- 6965852 TI - Clinical experience with cold blood as the vehicle for hypothermic potassium cardioplegia. AB - Intermittent cold ischemic arrest was compared with hypothermic potassium cardioplegia using cold blood as the vehicle in two consecutive series of patients having isolated coronary bypass grafting. Between January 1, 1977, and June 30, 1977, 196 patients were operated on using cold ischemic arrest. The incidence of perioperative infarction was 14.3%, and mean total myocardial ischemia time was 42 +/- 1.2 minutes. From July 1, 1977, to June 30, 1978, there were 428 operations done using cold blood with potassium. The incidence of perioperative infarction was 5.6% (p less than 0.005), and the mean total myocardial ischemic time was 80 +/- 2.1 minutes. In the five years prior to this study, the incidence of perioperative infarction was constant at 13% while operative mortality was declining from 5 to 1% and the need for postoperative myocardial support was declining also. Use of cold blood potassium cardioplegia compared with cold ischemic arrest for myocardial protection during coronary artery operations has significantly reduced the incidence of perioperative infarction while doubling cross-clamp time. PMID- 6965853 TI - Specific therapy for arterial air embolism. PMID- 6965855 TI - Radiodense ions within a third ventricular colloid cyst. PMID- 6965854 TI - Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. AB - Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices is being reevaluated by many surgeons because of increasing dissatisfaction with shunting procedures. A new technique of sclerotherapy using the flexible fiberoptic endoscope with balloon tamponade of variceal channels is being evaluated. To date, 18 patients have been treated by us with this method. Nine patients with active bleeding had control of their hemorrhage. Two patients experienced three episodes of rebleeding. Of patients not actively bleeding at the time of injection, one patient experienced rebleeding and subsequently died. Four other deaths not related to varices have occurred in this series. All surviving patients underwent repeated sclerotherapy until eradication of varices was achieved. This report demonstrates the feasibility of sclerotherapy of esophageal varices using the flexible fiberoptic endoscope. PMID- 6965856 TI - The 1976 accident experience of civilian pilots with static physical defects. AB - The 1974 and 1975 aircraft accident experiences of civilian pilots with eight selected static physical defects have been examined and reorted previously. Three categories--blindness or absence of either eye, deficient color vision with a waiver, and deficient distant vision--had significantly more accidents than were expected on the basis of observed-to-expected ratios. In 1975, accident rates were calculated. The rates for air men with blindness or absence of an eye were still found to be significantly higher. Observed-to-expected ratios for 1976 were 1.91 for deficient color vision with a waiver, 1.28 for contact lens users, 1.37 for blindness or absence of either eye, and 1.62 for deficient distant vision. The accident rates per 100,000 h of cumulative and last 6 months' flying experience were significantly greater for contact lens users and monocular pilots than for the active airman population. The other groups had no consistently significant differences. PMID- 6965857 TI - In vivo inhibition of adenosine deaminase by 2'-deoxycoformycin in mouse blood and leukemia L1210 cells. PMID- 6965858 TI - A screening strategy for population studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Series design. AB - A survey design which uses two tests in series greatly increases the efficiency of screening. We conducted a study to ascertain the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a screening questionnaire for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. A series design in which this questionnaire is used, followed by an antinuclear antibody test, increased the predictive value of a positive screening result by 5 to 10-fold, depending on estimates of disease prevalence. An empirical study of the series design identified two new cases of SLE and indicated that the use of a questionnaire based on accepted criteria is theoretically sound and practical. This approach should prove useful for population surveys of SLE to avoid the sampling and detection biases of previous epidemiologic studies. PMID- 6965859 TI - Autoantibodies in human contacts of SLE dogs. PMID- 6965860 TI - Unclassified HLA-B27 inflammatory rheumatic diseases: followup of 23 patients. PMID- 6965861 TI - Anti-SS-A antibody and other antinuclear antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Randomly selected sera from 88 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied for the frequency of antibodies to SS-A, SS-B, RANA, RNP, Sm, Sc-1, and dsDNA. Results were in agreement with previous reports except for an increased incidence of anti-SS-A antibody (33%). Nine of 14 patients with anti-SS A antibody on whom serial studies were performed had fluctuating titers. Titer changes often correlated with disease activity and dsDNA antibody levels. PMID- 6965862 TI - Clinical and laboratory features of canine lupus syndromes. AB - Determination of the specificities of antinuclear antibodies in the sera of 20 dogs presenting with symptoms of a lupus-like syndrome permitted their separation into 2 groups. The first group of 14 dogs all had antibody activity to DNA histone antigen(s), and 4 of them also had antibodies to native DNA (nDNA). The Farr test with standard buffer was found to be unsatisfactory for the measurement of anti-nDNA antibodies in dog sera due to a high incidence of false positive reactions; these could be eliminated by the inclusion of sodium dodecyl sulfate in the buffer system. The second group of 6 dogs was characterized by the presence of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen. In every serum tested diseased dogs had a diminished level of circulating thymic factor as compared to controls of the same age, suggesting that a diminution of suppressor T cells may be an etiologic factor. PMID- 6965863 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 6965864 TI - Absence of ANA in pregnancy. PMID- 6965865 TI - Modified Allen test: a simple clinical tool in evaluation of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6965867 TI - Bleeding carcinoid tumours. PMID- 6965866 TI - Bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease. Reduced perioperative myocardial infarction with preoperative intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. AB - From July 1975 to December 1977, 91 consecutive patients with left main coronary artery disease defined by cardiac catheterisation as greater than or equal to 50 per cent luminal narrowing underwent coronary bypass surgery. Prospective examination of the preoperative and postoperative clinical course of these patients was performed to determine the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation was instituted preoperatively in 35 patients, and these patients were classed as group A. Fifty-six patients did not receive the intra-aortic balloon pump and were classed as group B. Of 26 demographic, clinical, haemodynamic, and operative descriptors, only two were found to be significantly different between the two groups: the severity and the pattern of angina. Group A had a higher percentage of patients with class IV angina (80% vs 45%) and a greater proportion with unstable angina (37% vs 7%). Despite these differences group A patients had only a 3 per cent incidence of perioperative myocardial infraction while group B had a 23 per cent perioperative infarction rate. It is suggested that perioperative intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation can reduce the risk of perioperative myocardial infraction in patients with left main coronary artery stenosis. PMID- 6965868 TI - A non-linear model for visual-vestibular interaction during body rotation in man. AB - A mathematical model for visual-vestibular interaction during body rotation in an illuminated visual surround is obtained by combining a previous model of the optokinetic reflex (OKR) with a simplified model of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). OKR is activated by the slip of the image of the external world on the retina, and represents a negative feedback loop around VOR. For large retinal slip velocities OKR behaves as a basically non-linear system. The validity of the model is proved via computer simulation by comparing predicted responses with the experimental results obtained in man by Koenig et al. (1978) in different situations of visual-vestibular interaction. PMID- 6965869 TI - Clinical and hemtaologic fluctuations in hairy-cell leukemia: a sequential surface-marker analysis. PMID- 6965870 TI - Detection of tumor cells in the peripheral blood of nonleukemic patients with B cell lymphoma: analysis of "clonal excess". PMID- 6965871 TI - Heterogeneity of T-cell lymphoblastic malignancies. AB - To determine the T-cell lineage of the malignant lymphoblast in lymphoblastic lymphoma, tumor cells from nine patients were phenotyped employing a T-cell subset specific heteroantisera, TH2. The normal human peripheral blood T-cell compartment is composed of 80% TH2-negative and 20% TH2-positive T cells, as defined by reactivity with subset specific heteroantisera. Human suppressor cells are TH2 reactive, whereas helper cells are TH2 unreactive. Tumor cells from the majority of patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma were TH2 reactive in contrast to the lack of reactivity previously described in the majority of patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Comparative clinical studies, including disease presentation and course, were correlated with the presence of the TH2 antigen on the tumor cell. These results provide evidence to support the notion of heterogeneity in the T-lymphoblastic malignancies and suggest that lymphoblastic lymphoma and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are probably not a single disease process. PMID- 6965872 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic occlusion versus peroesophageal injection sclerotherapy for bleeding oesophageal varices. PMID- 6965874 TI - Massive bleeding from large bowel. PMID- 6965873 TI - Radiological bone changes in T-cell and "common" ALL of childhood. PMID- 6965875 TI - Brain control of conjugate horizontal and vertical eye movements: a survey of the structural and functional correlates. AB - (1) It appears that all oculomotor pathways originating within the cerebrum and mediating stimulations and lesions, project from the two sides of the brain through the diencephalon to the brain-stem. (2) The pathways subserving horizontal movements decussate at the level of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei, across the midsagittal plane. The direction of vector action within the brain above the 'electroanatomical' oculomotor decussation is predominately contraversive; below this levelit is ipsiversive. (3) The pontine reticular formation, the abducens and oculomotor nuclei and the median longitudinal fasciculus play an important role in the physiology of ipsilateral conjugate gaze. A 1 mm lesion within the paramedian pontine reticular formation causes paralysis of ipsilateral conjugate gaze, while a 1 mm lesion within the median longitudinal fasciculus causes impairment of contralateral (disconjugate) gaze with paralysis of adduction of the ipsilateral eye and nystagmus in the contralateral or abducting eye. (4) True binocular vertical movements occur only when both sides of the brain are activated either directly or through bilateral sensory (visual or vestibular) inputs. Vertical and oblique monocular movements can be elicited on unilateral stimulation at the level of the oculmotor nucleus. (5) Paralysis of vertical gaze is caused by bilateral lesions. Bilateral (1 to 2 mm) lesions within the region of the rostral interstitial nucleus of the median longitudinal fasciculus result in isolated paralysis of downward gaze. More caudally, bilateral (1 mm) lesions within the pretectum or midsection of the posterior commissure result in paralysis of upward gaze. (6) In different regions of the brain a theoretical transverse plane can be drawn between pathways which transmit impulses for vertical eye movements. Those which transmit impulses for binocular downward movement are situated dorsal to this plane, while those that trasmit impulses for upward movement are located ventrally to this plane. This topographical relationship can be demonstrated in the occipital lobe and to some extent in the frontal lobes. A hypothetical transverse plane separating the down and up eye movement can also be drawn at the mesodiencephalic junction. At the level of the oculmotor nucleus stimulations at the most rostral pole result in monocular downward movements, while the most caudal pole stimulations produce monocular upward movements. There is no evidence that the pathways which mediate binocular upward and binocular downward movement project across a hypothetical transverse plane. (7) Our knowledge of the synaptic connections between the cerebrum, diencephalon and the brain-stem nuclei, especially the paramedian pontine reticular formation, involved in binocular movements remains incomplete. Moreover, the anatomical location of the decussation of the right and left cerebral pathways which transmit conjugate eye movements are still unknown... PMID- 6965876 TI - Selective synaptic changes following spinal motoneuron axotomy. AB - Fibers descending in the lateral columns (LC) of the frog spinal cord form synapses more proximal to the soma than those derived from dorsal root (DR) fibers. Following ventral root transection (motoneuron axotomy), the risetime of the LC-EPSP increased while that of the DR-EPSP decreased such that the risetime of the LC-EPSP was now longer than that of the DR-EPSP. Focal-potential analysis showed that the location of LC synapses remained in the region of the motor nucleus while DR synapses were located closer to the motor nucleus after axotomy. Proximal synapses thus persist after axotomy, but they undergo physiological changes that alter the LC-EPSP time course. In addition membrane properties of axotomized motoneurons were investigated. Input resistance, rheobasic current, and threshold depolarization all increased. Resting membrane potentials and afterhyperpolarizations were unchanged. Because axotomy had opposite effects on LC- and DR-EPSPs, changes in membrane properties cannot account for changes in EPSPs. Other possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6965877 TI - Light and electron microscopic studies on the medial forebrain bundle in rat: III. Degenerated nerve elements in the medial hypothalamic nuclei following surgical transections of the medial forebrain bundle. AB - Transections of the rat medial forebrain bundle at various levels and the separation of the medial and lateral hypothalamus were performed to study with light and electron microscopy axonal and terminal degeneration in the arcuate, ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei and in the median eminence. Fibres entering the MFB from various directions participate in the innervation of the arcuate nucleus. The bulk of extrahypothalamic fibres terminating in the median eminence derive from the lower brain stem and reach their target through the MFB. Preoptic originating and transient fibres also terminate in the median eminence. Following parasagittal separation of the medial and lateral hypothalamus massive degeneration was found in both layers of the median eminence. This is likely to be due to interruption of the supraoptic-hypophyseal tract but axons of intrinsic MFB-neurons might also contribute to the innervation of the median eminence. PMID- 6965878 TI - Transcutaneous electrostimulation in the management of postoperative pain: initial report. AB - A study was undertaken to investigate recent reports concerning the use of transcutaneous electrostimulation (TES) for relief of postoperative pain. Thirty patients undergoing elective herniorrhaphy were subjected to a standard perianaesthetic protocol. The patients were divided into three groups of ten, designated control, sham TES and TES. Postoperative analgesic requirements for each group were compared. The number of intravenous doses of meperidine given to each group in the first three hours after operation was control group 46 doses; sham TES group 38 doses; TES group 10 doses (p less than 0.0005). The number of intramuscular doses of meperidine in the 3-24-hour period was control group 21 doses; sham TES 22 doses; TES group 17 doses (no statistical difference between groups). A subjectively beneficial effect of TES was also established. Despite a number of difficulties encountered during this study, primarily concerned with the subjective nature of pain and its assessment, a useful trend which warrants further investigation has been established in the use of transcutaneous electrostimulation (TES) for postoperative analgesia. PMID- 6965879 TI - Direct revascularization of the septal artery. AB - Between July 1, 1976 and May 1, 1979, 21 patients underwent coronary artery grafting of the first septal artery. Blood flow in the septal bypass averaged 60.2 ml/min and the diameter of the distal anastomoses averaged 2.1 mm. Among the 20 survivors, 13 were subjected to angiography at an average of 7 months after the operation (from 2 weeks to 2 years). The bypass graft to the first septal artery was patent in 84% of the patients (11 of 13) and 90% of the grafts were open (57 of 63). The authors believe that if a patient has an important stenosis in the first septal artery, direct revascularization may be carried out. However, because of technical difficulties during dissection and anastomosis it is wise to select an artery at least 2 mm in diameter which supplies a large area. PMID- 6965880 TI - Aortocoronary bypass in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. AB - The results of aortocoronary bypass grafting in 29 patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction less than 35%) were studied. All patients had severe angina pectoris; 17 patients has class IV heart function and 12 had class III function according to the New York Heart Association classification. Intra-aortic balloon pump support was instituted preoperatively in all patients. Three patients died in the perioperative period. Survivors were followed up for a mean period of 20 months; there were three late deaths. Sixteen patients were clinically improved; 8 had class I and 8 class II heart function at follow-up. Fourteen patients underwent cardiac catheterization postoperatively at a mean time of 19 months. Although 22 (79%) of the 28 grafts were patent, there was no significant improvement in resting left ventricular dysfunction as assessed by ejection fraction, left ventricular volume or left ventricular end diastolic pressure. Furthermore, graft patency could not be correlated with improvement in segmental wall motion. There was a 10% operative and an 11.5% late mortality and no measurable improvement in resting left ventricular function in this study but the majority (73%) of the surviving patients experienced definite clinical improvement. PMID- 6965881 TI - Indications for and results of reoperation for coronary artery disease. PMID- 6965882 TI - Emergency portacaval shunting in Jehovah's Witnesses. AB - Major surgical procedures in Jehovah's Witnesses are complicated by their refusal to accept blood transfusion. This problem is accentuated in Jehovah's Witnesses with major gastrointestinal bleeding. The authors present two cases of successful surgical management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Jehovah's Witnesses who had bleeding esophageal varices. A short "skin to skin" time and minimal blood loss were important factors in the successful outcome. Treatment of these patients without blood transfusion suggests that less blood might be needed in more routine surgical procedures. PMID- 6965884 TI - Colour-blind drivers of motor vehicles. PMID- 6965883 TI - Determinants of mortality following coronary bypass surgery. AB - Factors related to early and late mortality were studied in 663 consecutive patients who had coronary bypass operations. There were 18 operative deaths (2.7%) and 15 late deaths (2.3%). Patients who died were slightly older than surviving patients. Operative mortality was higher (5.3%) in those with congestive heart failure; this correlated directly with the degree of abnormal wall motion shown on left ventriculograms. Preoperative end-diastolic pressure of the left ventricle was not a good predictor of death. While operative mortality was 1.5% in those with stable angina, it increased to 4.2% in patients with unstable angina and to 25% in patients with evolving myocardial infarction. In those with stenosis of the left main coronary artery, early mortality was 12.3%. Although early mortality was unaffected by the extent of coronary disease or by the degree of correction, it increased significantly (P less than 0.05) with the number of grafts inserted and when other cardiac procedures were also performed. Perioperative myocardial infarction was associated with a 28% mortality, but was unrelated to graft failure in 60% of the cases. Late mortality was related only to the number of diseased coronary arteries. Thus, left ventricular function, severity of angina and extent of coronary obstruction appear to be the main determinants of survival following coronary artery operation. PMID- 6965885 TI - Risks and benefits of aortocoronary bypass surgery in patients aged 65 years or more. AB - Between January 1970 and July 1978, 85 patients aged 65 years or more underwent aortocoronary bypass surgery at the Montreal Heart Institute. The mortality during the operation and the first 29 days thereafter was 12% overall, but was only 5% when the myocardium was protected by the use of cold cardioplegic solutions. Of the 75 patients who survived this period 7 (9%) had a perioperative transmural myocardial infarction. Nonfatal noncardiac complications were more common in these patients than in younger patients, but did not lead to permanent deficits. Three patients died after discharge from hospital, two of cardiac causes. Only one patient had a nonfatal myocardial infarction after discharge. The actuarial 5-year survival rate for all the patients was 80%. After a mean follow-up period of 30 months the condition of 94% of the patients was improved by at least one class of the New York Heart Association functional classification, and 68% were asymptomatic. It is concluded that aortocoronary bypass surgery can be performed in selected older patients with a relatively low in-hospital mortality and morbidity. Symptomatic improvement occurs in almost all such patients. Cardiac catheterization and aortocoronary bypass surgery should therefore be performed in selected older patients with severe angina that is refractory to optimum medical therapy. PMID- 6965886 TI - Extrahypothalamic peptidergic neurosecretion. II. Neurosecretion in the subfornical organ of Rana esculenta L. AB - In the subfornical organ of Rana esculenta, three basic structural elements can be demonstrated by light microscopic and immunohistological techniques used for the demonstration of products of the neurosecretory system. These elements are: (i) neurones and their processes, which the constituents of the subfornical organ proper, (ii) afferent axons of the preoptic nucleus, and (iii) subependymal cells with coarse processes. The vesicular inclusions of the two former structures correspond to the neurophysin vesicles with respect to their size, structure and reactivity. The vesicles of the subependymal cells belong to the same size class, possess a somewhat granular internal structure and react atypically after the application of the ultrahistochemical technique for the identification of neurophysin vesicles. Presumably, their content is a glycoprotein with a high proportion of cystine. The peptidergic axons of the preoptic nucleus projecting to the subfornical organ form neuroneuronal synapses. PMID- 6965888 TI - Changes with age in the homing properties and mitogen responses of lymphocytes from normal and leukemia-prone mice. PMID- 6965887 TI - Morphological appearance, growth behavior and migratory activity of human tumor cells maintained on extracellular matrix versus plastic. AB - Growth of human tumor cells (hepatocarcinoma, Ewing's sarcoma) on an extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by bovine corneal endothelial cells is associated with the adoption of a morphological appearance and growth properties that are not expressed when the cells are maintained on plastic. Within minutes after seeding cell aggregates onto an ECM, the aggregates attached firmly. Active cell migration leading to the formation of flattened and nonoverlapping cell clusters was subsequently observed. In contrast, no firm attachment, migratory activity or disorganization of cell aggregates was observed when the same cells were maintained on plastic. Cells seeded on ECM, instead of growing as floating or loosely attached aggregates, formed a cell monolayer composed of firmly attached, highly flattened and closely apposed epithelioid-like cells. Cell overlapping and subsequent detachment were observed only late at confluence. Cells maintained on ECM had a higher growth rate as well as a lower serum requirement than those maintained on plastic. These results demonstrate that the phenotypic expression as well as the proliferation of tumor cells can be modulated by their adhesive interaction with the extracellular matrix. Both tumor cells and normal cells of epithelial origin are more likely to resemble their in vivo counterparts when maintained on extracellular matrix than on plastic, and when so maintained can therefore provide a better model for oncogenic studies. PMID- 6965889 TI - Decreased and disproportionate T-cell population in adult mice after neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 6965890 TI - Lymphocytes which differentiate in an allogeneic thymus. III. Parental T cells which differentiate in an allogeneic or semiallogeneic thymus help only B cells of their own genotype. PMID- 6965891 TI - Thymocyte subpopulations in young and adult mice. III. Qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic study of steroid resistant and steroid sensitive populations. PMID- 6965892 TI - [Some immunological findings in malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6965893 TI - [Boynton's method in acquired dyschromatopsia. I: Pathology of the chromatic components]. PMID- 6965894 TI - [Ocular zona and herpes in patients under immunosuppressive agents. Apropos of 9 cases]. PMID- 6965895 TI - [Tomodensitometric aspects of the normal and pathological eyeball]. PMID- 6965896 TI - [Homocystinuria]. PMID- 6965897 TI - Microcinematographic study on the effect of methotrexate upon mouse mammary tumor cells (MMT cell line). AB - The effect of methotrexate (amethopterin) upon the MMT cell line was studied by time-lapse microcinematography, the plasma levels obtained after systemic administration of maximum tolerated doses of the drug in man being simulated in vitro. Cells in the logarithmic growth phase (large growth fraction population) were widely affected, although enough drug-resistant cells remained to regenerate the cell colony. Cells in the preconfluent growth phase (small growth fraction population) were less effected, because many cells were arrested at the GO-hase, outside the cell cycle. A drug-resistant colony always developed, making the drug therapy useless. The experiments showed that rescue treatment with leucovorin (citrovorum factor of folinic acid) was not effective either, because, at least on our experimental conditions, recovery of the mitotic activity was more rapid and the number of degenerating cells smaller with rescur treatment than with the conventional treatment. The results also suggested a new mechanism of methotrexate action in addition to the classic one of folic acid inhibition, which might consist in the inhibition of the production of formyl-methionyl-tRNA, part of the initiation complex in protein biosynthesis. PMID- 6965898 TI - Isolated left anterior descending coronary atherosclerosis: long-term comparison of internal mammary artery and venous autografts. AB - A consecutive series of 100 patients receiving left internal mammary artery grafts and a consecutive series of 100 patients receiving saphenous vein grafts as treatment of isolated left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis were reviewed to determine survival, graft patency, disease progression and New York Heart Association functional class. The mean follow-up was 67 months, and the mean catheterization interval was 20 months. Recommendations for revascularization can be made selectively to patients with critical isolated left anterior descending stenoses who have limiting symptoms and large areas of viable myocardium at risk. PMID- 6965899 TI - Editorial: The role of bypass surgery in isolated left anterior descending artery stenosis or occlusion. PMID- 6965901 TI - Myocardial perfusion as an indicator of graft patency after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Stress and resting myocardial perfusion were assessed in 38 patients who received 96 grafts. Stress perfusion was evaluated with thallium-201 and resting myocardial blood flow distribution with radiolabeled particles. When both stress and rest perfusion were normal, graft patency was 82% (51 of 62 grafts). Graft patency was also high (81%, 13 of 16) in areas where stress perfusion abnormalities resolved or become less apparent at rest. However, when stress perfusion defects remained unchanged at rest, the graft was likely to be occluded (73%, 11 of 15). Maintenance of normal rest perfusion or improvement of rest perfusion postoperatively was also associated with a high graft patency rate (80%, 35 of 44), whereas the development of new rest perfusion defects postoperatively implied graft occlusion (86%, six of seven). PMID- 6965900 TI - Surgical treatment of variant angina: use of plexectomy with aortocoronary bypass. PMID- 6965902 TI - Further heterogeneity demonstrated for serum creatine kinase isoenzyme MM. AB - Serum creatine kinase (EC 2.1.3.2) isoenzyme MM was resolved by isoelectric focusing into a five-band pattern, a pattern that gradually changed after the onset of myocardial infarction. Similar changes were also demonstrated in patients undergoing coronary-bypass surgery. The evolution of two CK-MB sub-bands was studied in both cases. We found that three electrophoretic bands (CK-MM, pI 7.10; MM1, pI 6.88; MB1, pI 5.61) were predominant in patterns for sera collected during the early phase of myocardial infarction, but rapidly disappeared during the following hours, whereas bands of increased electrophoretic mobility (MM2, pI 6.70; MM3, pI 6.45; MM4, pI 6.25; MB2, pI 5.34) gradually increased. MM3 was always the major band at the end of the observation period in acute myocardial infarction (mean, 61.4% of total creatine kinase activity 36 h after the peak value for total creatine kinase in serum). The CK-MM bands were also present in the serum of patients without heart disease. Changes in the electrophoretic pattern were induced by a thermolabile factor in normal human serum, which transformed the muscular or myocardial MM and MM1 bands after their release into the blood stream. PMID- 6965903 TI - Reye syndrome associated with Hemophilus influenzae infection. AB - A case of Reye syndrome in an infant associated with culture-proven Hemophilus influenzae type d infection and probable meningitis is presented. This represents the second such reported case and the first to be described in detail. The criteria for the clinical and chemical diagnosis of Reye syndrome are reviewed. Pertinent and abnormal features of this patient's presentation are discussed. The finding of a non-visualizing liver on technetium-99m sulfur colloid isotope scan and possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6965904 TI - Osteopathia striata syndrome. Clinical, genetic and radiologic considerations. AB - Osteopathia striata, an autosomal dominant disorder, has been diagnosed in a 19 year-old mildly retarded woman. In addition, she has macrocephaly, a leonine facies, disfigurement of the lower jaw, a cleft palate and mixed hearing loss. Roentgenograms of the skull and long bones show thickening of the calvarium, particularly at the base, mandibular hyperplasia, and striations in the long bones and pelvis. Except for the cleft palate, which has not been previously reported, and the retardation, which appears to be quite uncommon in this condition, these findings are characteristic of osteopathia striata. Because the disorder may resemble several other conditions, the differential diagnosis should include osteopoikilosis, the autosomal dominant form of osteopetrosis, and hyperostosis corticalis generalisata. PMID- 6965905 TI - [Demonstration of nonspecific esterase--a better T-lymphocyte marker than spontaneous rosette test?]. PMID- 6965908 TI - Ampicillin-associated colitis. Case report. AB - A case of ampicillin-associated colitis is described. The authors stress the importance of emergency colonoscopy for the correct diagnosis and treatment of severe diarrhea and hemorrhage occurring during treatment with antibiotics. PMID- 6965907 TI - Prolonged ileus following gastroscopy--a case report. AB - A patient who developed signs of acute bowel obstruction following upper intestinal endoscopy is described. Relations of endoscopy to the symptoms and therapeutic measures are discussed. PMID- 6965906 TI - Circadian phase-dependent stimulatory effects of epidermal growth factor on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon, and rectum of the adult male mouse. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) previously isolated from the submandibular salivary glands of mice was injected ip at five different circadian phases into separate sub-groups of adult male CD2F1 mice that had been standardized to 12 h of light alternating with 12 h of darkness. Comparable control groups were injected only with the carrier substance. Four, 8, and 12 h after each of the five injection times, subgroups of five mice were killed. Thirty minutes before sacrifice, each mouse was injected ip with 24 mu Ci tritiated thymidine ([3H]-TdR). Incorporation of [3H]TdR into the DNA of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum was determined. The results demonstrate for the first time that EGF has a stimulatory effect on DNA synthesis in these tissues, particularly in the colon and rectum. Under the conditions of this study, the stimulatory effects of EGF on DNA synthesis in the cecum, colon, and rectum were more dramatic than those in the three regions of the small intestine; in fact, DNA synthesis in the latter was occasionally statistically significantly decreased, particularly for mice killed during the dark phase. Stimulatory effects of EGF on DNA synthesis in the cecum, colon, and rectum were noticed as early as 4 h after injection; however, maximal stimulation occurred 8 and 12 h post injection. PMID- 6965910 TI - Chromosome deletion and multiple cartilaginous exostoses. AB - We report a 13 year-old girl with manifestations strikingly reminiscent of the tricho-rhino-phalangeal (TRP) II or Langer-Giedion syndrome. A terminal deletion of 8q must be assumed to be the cause of her condition till proven otherwise. A similar chromosome abnormality should be searched for (blindly) in other cases of the TRP II previously thought to have had normal chromosomes. PMID- 6965909 TI - Increased toxicity of diphtheria toxin for human lymphoblastoid cells following covalent linkage to anti-(human lymphocyte) globulin or its F(ab')2 fragment. AB - Anti-(human lymphocyte) globulin was reacted with a mixed anhydride derivative of chlorambucil to give a product which was in turn reacted with diphtheria toxin. The resulting conjugate was partially purified and was found to possess an ability similar to that of the native antibody to bind to the human lymphoblastoid cell lines, CLA4 and Daudi. Daudi cells, as had been observed previously with CLA4 cells, lacked the high sensitivity to diphtheria toxin normally characteristic of cells of human origin. Thus treatment with free toxin at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml was without effect upon their ability to incorporate [3H]leucine. By contrast, Daudi cells were highly sensitive to toxin conjugated to anti-(human lymphocyte) globulin or to its F(ab')2 fragment. Exposure for 24 h to a solution of conjugate containing toxin at a concentration of 0.5 ng/ml caused a reduction of 50% in the leucine uptake by Daudi cells. The toxicity of the conjugate could be blocked by diphtheria antitoxin or by pretreatment of the cells with non-conjugated antibody. Toxin linked to normal horse IgG or to its F(ab')2 fragment was without cytotoxic effect upon Daudi cells. Furthermore both the conjugate with anti-(human lymphocyte) globulin and that with normal IgG were approximately 100-fold less able than non-conjugated toxin to inhibit protein synthesis by a human fibroblast cell line to which the antibody showed no appreciable binding. Thus the conjugates are relatively ineffective against cells which lack an antigen to which the antibody moiety can bind. In contrast with the greatly increased toxicity of diphtheria toxin for human lymphoblastoid cells following its linkage to anti-(human lymphocyte) globulin, a conjugate of toxin linked to anti-(mouse lymphocyte) globulin was ineffective against murine spleen cells in vitro. PMID- 6965911 TI - Failure of allogeneic thymocytes to survive in nude mice. AB - Athymic nude mice or thymectomized mice, irradiated and reconstituted with T depleted bone marrow cells ("B mice"), were injected with allogeneic or syngeneic thymocytes bearing caryotypically distinct chromosomes. The fate of the thymocytes was investigated after various periods of time using two methods: (a) frequency of the cells bearing the Thy-1 antigen as detected by immunofluorescence with a heteroantiserum among the recipient spleen cells, (b) presence of chromosomally detectable donor cells in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated spleen cell cultures. These two methods indicate that allogeneic thymocytes disappear after about 7 days, semiallogeneic thymocytes after about 20 days, while syngeneic thymocytes, even when injected in 50 times lower number (10(6) cells), are detectable for months, thanks to the sensitivity of the caryotypic method. Allogeneic thymocytes induce the production of high titers of alloantibodies, which were shown to react specifically against their own H-2, a phenomenon interpreted as a "suicidal" allogeneic collaboration. These experiments demonstrate that the failure of allogeneic thymocytes, in contrast to syngeneic thymocytes, to achieve long-term restoration of the immune responsiveness of T-depleted mice is due to a rejection of the foreign thymocytes, and not to a failure of T and B cells to collaborate across the histocompatibility barrier. PMID- 6965912 TI - Stimulation of regulatory T cell circuits by immunoglobulin-dependent structures on activated B cells. AB - An immunoregulatory circuit is described in which B cell blasts activate syngeneic Ly-1+2-3- T cells to (a) start a reaction which is indistinguishable from a graft-vs.-host reaction (syngeneic GvH) and (b) induce suppressor cell activity which abrogates the syngeneic GvH. Since capping the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) on B cell blasts blocks their ability to activate the circuit, it is likely that the relevant cell surface structure "seen" on the B cell by the Ly-1 T cell is either Ig itself or another molecule in association with Ig. PMID- 6965913 TI - Chemiluminescence and immune cell activation. II. Enhancement of concanavalin A induced chemiluminescence following in vitro preincubation of rat thymocytes; dependency on macrophage-lymphocyte interaction. AB - The immediate chemiluminescence (CL) response to concanavalin A (Con A) of rat thymocytes is enhanced 10 to 20-fold when the cells are preincubated in serum free medium for 5--20 h. During this period, multiple encounters between lymphocytes and macrophages occur which morphologically appear as rosettes or grape-like cell aggregates. Additionof bone marrow-derived macrophages increases the number of cell aggregates and also the CTL response to Con A. Paradoxically, removal of macrophage-containing cell aggregates after cocultivation leaves a pure thymocyte population which strongly responds to Con A with CL. Our results confirm that macrophage-depleted "competent" lymphocytes are capable of CL and, furthermore, that "competence" is gained during cocultivation with macrophages. We are therefore convinced that measurements of macrophage and lymphocyte CL are a powerful tool for further elucidation of lymphocyte differentiation and of interactions between macrophages and lymphocytes. PMID- 6965914 TI - [Role of retinal projections to the rostral thalamus in the perception of stationary objects in frogs]. AB - The round of stationary obstacles demanding localizing and definition of objects, was restored within 12--17 days after cutting of both optic nerves in Rana temporaria. Electrophysiological data indicated the restoration of connection between the retina and rostral thalamic nuclei by this time. The on-type impulse reactions to light stimuli in retinal ganglionic cell endings were observed. Retino-tectal connections were still disrupted. The role of retino-diencephalic projections in organization of the frog visually guided behaviour, is discussed. PMID- 6965915 TI - [Responses of frog primary vestibular afferents to direct vibration of a semicircular canal]. AB - Responses of primary afferents (PA) of lateral semicircular canal to sinusoidal vibration of the canal wall were studied within the range 0.05--200 Hz (mean amplitudes 5--15 microns) in immobilized frogs. Dynamic characteristics (gain, phase) relative linear velocity of the vibrator (micron.s-1-1) were examined. At 0.2 Hz, the gain was 5.35 +/- 3.19 imp-s-1/micro.s-1 (mean; S. D.; n=14) and linearly decreased if the frequency rose. Phase lag of responses relative velocity at 0.05 Hz was 49.8 degrees +/- 16.5 degrees (n=13) and at 1 Hz 97 degrees +/- 9.4 degrees (n=22). At 100 Hz phase lag was about 240 degrees. Three groups of PA were described: wide range PA reacting in the range from 0.05 up to 60--180 Hz; high frequency PA responding in the range from 20--40 up to 100--150 Hz; low frequency PA responding in the range from 0.05 up to 2--20 Hz. PMID- 6965916 TI - [Reflex regulation of the endogenous rhythm of the frog lymphatic center]. AB - The activity of motoneurons in the lymphatic centre of bulbar or spinal frogs, or of isolated fragments of the frog spinal cord remained essentially unchanged in spite of either activating or inhibiting afferent influences which seem to affect special pace-maker neurons in the lymphatic centre leaving motoneurons intact. PMID- 6965917 TI - Immunological investigations in acute and chronic human pancreatitis. AB - Follow-up immunological studies in 27 patients with acute pancreatitis of known etiology showed a significant elevation in the level of circulating immune complexes (IC), a significant inhibition in migration of leukocytes (with direct LMT) of patients and a significant decrease in the percentage of T-active, T total peripheral lymphocytes and in the absolute count of peripheral T cells. Elevated circulating IC levels could been detected 3-4 weeks after the onset of acute pancreatitis. These immunological changes have still been demonstrated in a number of patients 7-14 months after recovery. We have found similar immunological alterations in patients with chronic pancreatitis as well. The possible causes and role of these long-term existing immunologic abnormalities are discussed. PMID- 6965920 TI - The effect of anticholinesterase drugs on postjunctional potentials of skeletal muscle. PMID- 6965918 TI - Clinical course of ulcerative colitis in Italy. AB - The prognosis of ulcerative colitis has been studied in 122 patients with this disease who had been referred to Bolgna from various parts of Italy and were then followed up. The overall mortality rate was 4.9% and the percentage of patients who were treated by total colectomy was 15.5%. Postoperative mortality was 10.5%, and the percentage of patients who developed carcinoma of the colon was 0.8%. All these figures fall within the range of values for the relevant variables quoted by previous authors from different countries. It is concluded that the prognosis of ulcerative colitis in the 122 Italian patients in the present study was similar to that reported previously in patients of other nationalities. PMID- 6965919 TI - The study of muscle cholinoreceptors using alkylating agents. PMID- 6965921 TI - Thyroidal hormones restore cell proliferation to the lenses of hypophysectomized adult frogs. PMID- 6965922 TI - [Selected parameters of cellular and humoral immunity in adnexitis]. PMID- 6965923 TI - [Evaluation of diagnostic methods for detection of vaginal mycosis and the results of its treatment with pimafucin]. PMID- 6965924 TI - [Neuroradiology of embryonal brain development. Comparative studies on the prenatal development of brain vessels and liquor spaces in mammals and humans]. AB - In more than 400 mammalian and human embryos and fetuses of an age of gestation of 4 weeks up to term, the prenatal development of the cerebral vessels and ventricles was studied by radiological techniques. Postmortal arterio- and phlebographies demonstrated the complex transformations of the leptomeningeal arteries and veins. The capillary growth within the brain itself was examined by a combination of microangiographic and histological techniques, and a clear morphological correlation between the differentiation of the nervous tissue and the invasion of the capillaries was shown. By ventriculography, the changes of the size and shape of the ventricular system were documented, and quantitative development diagrams of the cerebral ventricles could be established. On the basis of these morphological findings, in vivo, angiographies were carried out in fetal cats (in utero) and also in chicken embryos of an age of gestation of 5--14 days. It could be shown, that the average circulatory speed of the blood stream within the carotid arteries increases parallel to the enlargement of the embryo and its arteries, whereas the circulatory time and the number of heart beats during the period of carotid opacification does not change to a great extent. PMID- 6965925 TI - Stimulation of human lymphocyte subpopulations by protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus is known to stimulate human lymphocytes. Using 3H-thymidine incorporation, virus plaque assay and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), this study showed that soluble or insoluble protein A stimulated different lymphocyte subpopulations. Soluble protein A is highly mitogenic to T lymphocytes. In both 3H-thymidine incorporation and virus plaque assay, its maximum stimulation was as high as the stimulation by the nonspecific mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, and a higher CTL response than that induced by phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A was induced. Mitogenic activity to B lymphocytes was negligible. S. aureus (Cowan I strain) is itself considered to be an insoluble form of protein A and is 3--4 times more mitogenic to B lymphocytes than pokeweed mitogen without any increase in virus plaque forming cells. No mitogenicity was noted to T lymphocytes. Sepharose CL-4B protein A, also known as insoluble protein A, stimulated both T and B lymphocytes effectively, but its mitogenicity to T lymphocytes was considered to be due to the soluble protein A released from the Sepharose CL-4B beads. PMID- 6965926 TI - Ia requirement in T cell response to various mitogenic lectins. AB - Various lectins, mainly T cell mitogens, were examined to determine the relationship between anti-Ia antiserum-treated T cell responses and the sugar specificities of these lectins. Anti-Ia antiserum and complement treatment diminished nylon wook column-purified T cell responses to most lectins such as concanavalin A, Lens culinaris hemagglutinin, Pisum sativum agglutinin, Witaria floribunda mitogen, Limulus polyphemus agglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, and the diminished response to these lectins could be restored by adding nylon wool adherent cells, whereas the same treatment rather enhanced their response to Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin. We concluded that whether t cell responses to various lectins require Ia-bearing cells more or less is independent of the sugar-binding specificities of these lectins. PMID- 6965927 TI - Old, new and revised aspects of artificial organs. AB - Retrograde perfusion of the coronary veins with oxygenated blood is effective. Closed chest transarterial left ventricular bypass was developed by Hans Zwart to support the failing left ventricle. Transapical left ventricular bypass started by Alex Kralios, later studied by Jeffrey Peters et al, became effective when filters were introduced into the system--first surviving patient! One must be prepared to support both ventricles. Retrograde transpulmonary bypass (Kralios) is as yet only experimental. The blood is pumped from one occluded pulmonary artery into the aorta. Plasmapheresis removes particles with a molecular weight of 7 to 45,000 which may be harmful in patients with burns or oxygenators since they blind the leukocytes. Starling's Law will regulate the total artificial heart. The future is for the electrohydraulic artificial heart by Robert Jarvik. However, air driven hearts may offer a life of sufficient quality to people now doomed to die. All types of hemodialyzers or peritoneal dialyzers should be made portable or wearable. The "mouse" is a good peritoneal access device. It makes recirculating peritoneal dialysis practical. PMID- 6965928 TI - The influence of ischaemia on hyperthermic damage to the mouse tail. PMID- 6965930 TI - Studies on the valyl-h-tRNA synthetase of chick embryo brain irradiated with 60Co gamma-rays, in vivo. AB - 18-day-old chick embryos (Leghorn) were irradiated in vivo with 1,2,3,4,5 or 7 Gy 60Co gamma-rays (dose rate = 0.9 Gy/min). Twenty-four hours after irradiation the activity of valyl-tRNA synthetase isolated from the brains was determined and compared with that of the non-irradiated control. The aminoacylation activity was found to decrease exponentially as a function of the dose (D37 = 6 Gy). Irradiation caused a more pronounced decrease in valyl-tRNA synthetase activity in 18-day-old than in 14-day-old chick embryos and induced in the valine dependent ATP-PPi exchange reaction less change than in the valyl-tRNA FORMATion. The exposure of 15-day-old chick embryos to a dose of 4 or 5 Gy induced, respectively, a 40 or 20 per cent increase in enzyme activity of VRS (prepared on day 19 of embryonic life) relative to the control. In these experiments a decrease of Km value for tRNA has been found. The change in the number of sulfhydryl groups was also investigated. PMID- 6965929 TI - The relationship between cell killing, chromosome aberrations, spindle defects and mitotic delay in mouse lymphoma cells of differential sensitivity to X-rays. AB - The ultrasensitivity of a subline of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells to X-rays was thought to result from chromosome structural aberrations which are much more frequent in these cells than in radiation-resistant cells derived from them (Scott, Fox and Fox 1974). However, Ehmann, Nagasawa, Peterson and Lett (1974) in time-lapse photography studies of the sensitive line, concluded that the induction of multipolar mitoses by X-rays might be a more important mechanism of cell killing than chromosome aberrations. We have now shown that at survival levels above about 20 per cent, chromosome structural aberrations which lead to bridges and fragments at anaphase are about four times more frequent than spindle defects. We have confirmed the higher frequency of structural aberrations and spindle defects, and the greater mitotic delay in the X-ray-sensitive than in the X-ray-resistant cell line and have proposed a model which causally relates these end-points to cell killing and DNA repair. PMID- 6965931 TI - Oxygen effect in the radiolysis of proteins. I. Lactate dehydrogenase. AB - Dose survival curves of lactate dehydrogenase irradiated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions show a sensitizing effect of oxygen for the inactivation of the enzyme. The oxygen effect in the radiolysis of lactate dehydrogenase was analysed by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under anaerobic conditions the main reaction is the aggregation caused by covalent non covalent interaction of the protein molecules. Oxygen prevents both kinds of aggregation and instead it enhances peptide chain breakage. Protein fragments became obvious only after reduction of the irradiated proteins and could be separated by electrophoresis. PMID- 6965932 TI - On the prediction of dose-rate effects for dicentric production in human lymphocytes by X- and gamma-rays. PMID- 6965933 TI - The effect of synchrony on the survival of L5178Y murine lymphoma following neutron irradiation. PMID- 6965934 TI - Kartagener's syndrome: abnormal ciliary ultrastructure in sibs. PMID- 6965935 TI - The vestibular aqueduct--tomographic evaluation in Meniere's disease--a preliminary report. AB - Frontal and off-lateral complex motion tomography was performed in 72 consecutive patients selected for endolymphatic sac surgery for episodic vertigo or sensorineural hearing loss. They were selected for this operation because of a fluctuating hearing loss. The morphology and visualization of the vestibular aqueduct and the degree of periaqueductal pneumatization were correlated with surgical results and the presence of bilateral disease. The surgical results were evaluated with use of the classification of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology. Computer analysis was performed on the data for vestibular aqueduct radiographic anatomy and surgical results or bilateral disease. There was no correlation between visualization or morphology of the vestibular aqueduct and surgical results or presence of bilateral disease. PMID- 6965936 TI - Von Willebrand's disease during pregnancy: Review and case report. PMID- 6965937 TI - Effect of bambermycins and tylosin on performance of growing-finishing swine. AB - Five experiments (five different locations) with a total of 1,230 pigs (135 pens) were conducted in Minnesota, Missouri and Indiana to study the effects of supplementary bambermycins (2.2 ppm) and tylosin (44 or 22 ppm) in swine diets. The antibiotics were fed during the growing and finishing periods, and effects on rate of gain and efficiency of feed conversion were measured. A significant improvement in ADG and F:G over the control pigs was observed with the bambermycins treatment. A numerical but nonsignificant improvement in ADG and a significant improvement in F:G over control were observed with the tylosin treatment. The performance was divided into growing and finishing periods. In the growing period, bambermycins and tylosin numerically but nonsignificantly improved ADG and F:G over control pigs. The finishing period response to bambermycins was significantly improved for ADG and F:G. The tylosin finisher response was numerically but nonsignificantly improved for ADG and F:G over negative control. Significant location effects were observed. This result would be expected due to variation in genetic background of the experimental animals and differences in housing, environment and management. PMID- 6965938 TI - Effect of [3H]methotrexate impurities on apparent transport of methotrexate by a sensitive and resistant L1210 cell line. AB - Transport of methotrexate by L1210 sensitive and resistant cell lines was studied using [3H]methotrexate and methotrexate. The intracellular and cellular efflux of drug was analyzed by radioligand binding assay and high performance liquid chromatography. It was shown that the initial, rapid uptake of [3H]methotrexate was not methotrexate but rather [3H]p-aminobenzoylglutamate, even when the [3H]methotrexate was greater than 97% homogeneous. In the mutant cell line, the impurity could account for all of the apparent methotrexate uptake at 1 to 10 micro M extracellular drug. Similarly, the rapid efflux of [3H]methotrexate was also shown to be all, or in part, 3H-impurities, in both the mutant and sensitive cell lines. These results do not conflict with the currently accepted model of a carrier-mediated process for reduced folate and antifolate transport but do suggest that the quantitative interpretation of the early time points of transport experiments be more critically evaluated, especially when mutant cell lines are being analyzed. PMID- 6965939 TI - Hemoglobins of the tadpole of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Amino acid sequence of the alpha chain of a major component. AB - The complete amino acid sequence has been determined for the alpha chain of component III of the hemoglobin of the tadpole of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The chain comprises 141 residues of which 80 (57%) are identical to those in the corresponding positions of the human chain. Almost the same extent of similarity exists in the comparison with the sequenced part of the alpha chain of the adult bullfrog. The major features of this chain are: 1) each residue which is common to all other alpha chains of known sequence is also found in this alpha chain; 2) an acetylated NH2 terminus prevents formation of one of the salt bridges found in human hemoglobin which is responsible for part of the alkaline Bohr effect in mammalian hemoglobins; and 3) a prolyl residue at alpha 99 (G6) must distort the G helix. PMID- 6965940 TI - Hemoglobins of the tadpole of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Amino acid sequence of the beta chain of a major component. AB - The amino acid sequence of the beta chain of component III of the hemoglobin of the tadpole of the bullfrog. Rana catesbeiana, has been determined. Comparison of this sequence with the 117 identified residues of the beta chain in the adult bullfrog shows that 50% (59 of 117) of the residues are identical; 55% (81 of 146) are identical in the comparison with the human beta chain. Tadpole hemoglobin lacks most of the residues believed responsible for the alkaline Bohr effect in human hemoglobin: the NH2 terminus is acetylated and histidine H5 (alpha 122) in the human alpha chain is replaced by glutamine in the tadpole. Although the tadpole beta chain has a COOH-terminal histidine, the hydrogen bond responsible in human hemoglobin for about one-half the normal alkaline Bohr effect cannot form, because asparagine rather than aspartate is present at position 94. However, histidyl residue H21 (beta 143), invoked to explain the reversed "acid" Bohr effect in human hemoglobin, is present in the tadpole chain and is adjacent to a seryl residue (beta 144) rather than lysyl residue, so that the pK of the beta 143 histidine should be higher than in human hemoglobin. This could explain the substantial acid Bohr effect in tadpole hemoglobin. PMID- 6965941 TI - Infantile metaphysial dysplasia or "battered babies"? A reassessment of material in the Fairbank Collection. AB - The Fairbank Collection in the Radiology Department of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital contains details of 15 patients in the section labelled "Metaphysial Dysplasia and Dysostosis". This material has been reviewed, long term follow-up of the patients carried out and the diagnosis revised, where indicated, according to current concepts. Of the 15 patients, all children, seven had recognisable bone dysplasias. The remaining eight, all listed under the heading "metaphysial fragility", had the characteristic radiographic features of "battered" babies. PMID- 6965942 TI - Specific interaction of murine colony-stimulating factor with mononuclear phagocytic cells. AB - L-cell colony-stimulating factor (CSF) is identical to macrophage growth factor and stimulates macrophage proliferation (Stanley et al., 1976, J. Exp. Med. 143: 631-647). The nature of the interaction of iodinated L-cell CSF (125I-CSF) with murine peritoneal exudate macrophages was studied. On incubation with 10 pM 125I CSF at 0 degrees C, cellular binding of 125I-CSF reaches a stable maximum within 15 h. This is in contrast to the association behavior at higher temperatures. At 37 degrees C, cell-associated 125I-CSF levels reach, within 45 min, an unstable maximum which is up to 10-fold less than that occurring under the same conditions at 0 degrees C. At 0 degrees C, binding is saturated (approximately 5 X 10(4) sites/cell) at CSF concentrations of 1 nM. A comparison of binding and competition experiments indicates that iodinated L-cell CSF binds as effectively as L-cell CSF and that human urinary CSF and L-cell CSF equipotently compete for 125I-CSF binding. Specificity of the CSF-binding site is demonstrated by the failure of other known growth factors and hormones to compete for 125I-CSF binding. These studies and other findings suggest that 125I-CSF binding is restricted to macrophages and their precursors and to macrophage cell lines and that the binding site(s) is the receptor mediating the biological action of this CSF. PMID- 6965943 TI - Displacement potency of vitamin D2 analogs in competitive protein-binding assays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - 24(R),25-Dihydroxyergocalciferol [24,25-(OH)2-D2] is 1.7 times less potent than 24 (R), 25-(OH)2D3, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 (25OHD2), or 25OHD3 in the displacement of (3H)25OHD3 from rat serum binding proteins. 1,25-(OH)2D2 is 1.3 times less potent than 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the displacement of (3H)1,25-(OH)2D3 from a chick intestinal binding receptor. In light of binding affinity and chromatographic differences between vitamin D3 and its D2 analogs, it is our view that methods which purport to measure 1,25-(OH)2D and 24,25-(OH)2D probably understimate the contributions of D2 metabolites. This is particularly important in the case of plasma extracts from patients given large doses of vitamin D2. PMID- 6965944 TI - Inhibition of human helper T cell function in vitro by D-penicillamine and CuSO4. AB - The effect of d-penicillamine (Pen) and mixtures of Pen and copper sulfate on the capacity of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) to generate immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in response to the T-cell-dependent polyclonal B-cell activators pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was examined. PBM obtained from normal individuals were incubated for 1-2 h at 37 degrees C with medium alone, Pen, CuSO(4), or a mixture of Pen and CuSO(4). After washing, the cells were incubated for 6-7 d with PWM or SPA and then, with a reverse hemolytic plaque assay, assayed for the number of ISC generated. Preincubation of PBM with either Pen (100 mug/ml) or CuSO(4) (2 mug/ml) did not alter the subsequent capacity of the cells to generate ISC in response to PWM or SPA. In contrast, responsiveness to both mitogens was nearly abolished when PBM were similarly preincubated with a mixture of Pen and CuSO(4). Inhibition of responsiveness could not be ascribed to cell death, carry-over of the inhibitors, or an alteration in the concentration of PWM or the length of incubation yielding maximum responses. Co-culture experiments demonstrated that Pen and CuSO(4) preincubation had not caused augmented suppressor cell function. Experiments in which PBM were separated into adherent and nonadherent populations indicated that Pen and CuSO(4) preincubation inhibited the responsiveness of the nonadherent cells but did not alter the accessory cell function of monocytes. To determine whether Pen and CuSO(4) preincubation effected T- or B-cell function, PBM were separated into B- and T-cell-enriched populations, individually preincubated with Pen and CuSO(4), and then co-cultured with PWM. The results indicated that Pen and CuSO(4) markedly inhibited helper T-cell function and had little effect on the capacity of B cells to generate ISC. The observation that in the presence of CuSO(4) Pen inhibits helper T-cell activity may, in part, explain the therapeutic efficacy of Pen in rheumatoid arthritis and especially the capacity of Pen therapy to decrease antiglobulin titers in treated patients. PMID- 6965945 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in patients with basal and squamous cell skin cancer. AB - T and B lymphocyte levels were normal in fifty patients with basal and squamous cell skin cancer. Patients with basal cell carcinomas and small squamous cell carcinomas reacted normally to intradermal antigens and to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). However, patients with large (greater than 3 cm) squamous cell carcinomas appeared to have defective systemic cell-mediated immunity because only 33% of them reacted to at least one intradermal antigen, and only 67% could be sensitized to DNCB. Presently, it is unknown whether this defect is related to the occurrence or behavior of squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 6965946 TI - Behavioral methods for inferring anatomical linkage between rewarding brain stimulation sites. AB - Rats lever pressed for concurrent electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and ventral tegmentum. The pulse-pair stimulation technique was used, with the first pulse of each pair applied to one electrode and the second to the other electrode; the intrapair interval was varied. The effectiveness of stimulation, measured behaviorally, increased abruptly (within .4 msec) as the intrapair interval was increased in the range from 1.0 to 2.0 msec. These results, which do not resemble single-electrode refractory period results, are interpreted as evidence of collision in the directly stimulated, reward-related neurons linking the two sites. We conclude that self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle involves the direct activation of long-axon, longitudinal pathways. Estimates of the conduction velocity in the fibers subserving the collision-like effects are consistent with the properties of small myelinated axons but not central monoaminergic fibers. PMID- 6965947 TI - Periventricular lucency in computed tomography of hydrocephalus and cerebral atrophy. AB - Periventricular lucency was evaluated in the computed tomography scans of a large group of patients with hypertensive and normal pressure hydrocephalus as well as cerebral atrophy. It is confirmed that periventricular lucency is most prominent in cases of acute obstructive hydrocephalus in which the periventricular density profile pattern is often linear and steep. This linear profile is due to the disappearance of the ventricular wall as an effective barrier at the level of the superolateral angle of the frontal horn. The features of the periventricular lucency in chronic hydrocephalus (hyper- and normotensive) and cerebral atrophy are presented and discussed in detail. PMID- 6965948 TI - Computed tomography of tuberculous meningitis in infants and children. AB - Three cases are used to illustrate the computed tomography (CT) findings of tuberculous meningitis in infants and children. The clinical and laboratory findings of these patients are presented, and the differential diagnosis of viral, bacterial and fungal meningitis is reviewed. Tuberculous meningitis should be suspected, even in the infant or child with a negative tuberculin skin test, when a chronically ill patient presents with the acute signs of meningismus, the cerebrospinal fluid analysis demonstrates a low glucose and monocytosis, and cranial CT shows ventricular enlargement with prominent basal and sylvian fissure enhancement after intravenous contrast medium injection. The ease and safety of serial CT examinations make this procedure the ideal radiological method to follow the patient's course in order to evaluate the response to treatment. PMID- 6965949 TI - A single photon dynamic computer assisted tomograph (DCAT) for imaging brain function in multiple cross sections. PMID- 6965950 TI - Specificity of natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody developed in New Zealand black mice. PMID- 6965951 TI - The role in vivo of C3 and the C3b receptor in babesial infection in the rat. AB - The critical role of complement (C3) and the C3b receptor in facilitating the in vivo development of parasitemia with Babesia rodhaini in rats is documented. Depletion of serum C3 to less than 5% of normal levels by treatment of rats with the C3 inactivator isolated from cobra venom markedly delays the onset of parasitemia. Treatment of rats with trypan blue, an inhibitor of the C3b receptor, delays the development of parasitemia. Conversely, treatment of rats with suramin, a drug that blocks the C3b inactivator, markedly accelerates the progression of parasitemia and, correspondingly, the mortality rate. These observations suggest that the in vivo production of C3b and its interaction with C3b receptors on red cells and/or on parasites is a critical feature in babesial injection of rats. In support of the concept that B. rodhaini organisms contain C3b receptors, we have shown in vitro that parasites will activate the alternate complement pathway, resulting in uptake of radiolabeled C3, and that this uptake is blocked in the presence of trypan blue. Before and during the development of parasitemia, red cells become Coombs-positive for C3, but not for IgG. Taken together, the data support the vital role of C3 activation products (presumably C3b) and the C3b receptor in the facilitation of babesial infection in the rat. PMID- 6965952 TI - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulation of the immune response: T lymphocytes from normal mice suppress mitogenic and immunogenic responses to LPS. PMID- 6965953 TI - Interaction of staphylococcal protein A with membrane components of IgM- and/or IgD-bearing lymphocytes from human tonsil. PMID- 6965954 TI - Selective deficiency of a T cell subpopulation in active atopic dermatitis. AB - The T cell subpopulation bearing a receptor for the Fc fragment of IgM (T mu) or the Fc fragment of IgG (T gamma) were studied in 12 patients with active atopic dermatitis (AD) and elevated IgE (5678 I.U./ml +/- 1382) and compared with a control group with normal IgE (33 +/- 17). Values for the total lymphocytes and for absolute and relative numbers of total T and T mu cells were comparable in both groups. However, AD patients had markedly reduced relative T gamma levels, 1.8% +/- 0.4%, compared with normals, 10.5% +/- 0.7% (p less than 0.001). The patients also had reduced absolute T gamma levels, 29 +/- 7, compared with 181 +/ 36 (p less than 0.0005). This abnormality was not indicative of allergic disease in general, nor did it appear to be caused directly by serum factors. The T gamma cell deficit did reflect disease activity and correlated inversely with the levels of serum IgE in the AD patients. Thus, patients with active AD and elevated IgE have a selective reduction in circulating T gamma cells. PMID- 6965955 TI - Characterization of natural cytotoxicity in vitro in a spontaneous rat tumor model. AB - Spontaneous rat tumor cells were tested in a 12-hr Cr-release assay for susceptibility or resistance to cytolysis by lymphoid effector cells from untreated rats. Most target cells were intermediate to highly susceptible (up to 85% lysis at an effector-to-target ratio of 50:1), but we observed nonsusceptible target cells, too. Cold target inhibition experiments confirmed the susceptibility classifications obtained in the direct assay. The functional properties of effector cells paralleled closely the known properties of natural killer cells. The NK responsiveness of various rat strains did not coincide with the incidence of spontaneous tumors. PMID- 6965957 TI - Differential natural killer cell reactivity against T cell lymphomas by cells from normal or stimulated mice. AB - One of the major problems confronting the study of NK cell populations concerns their potential recognition patterns and specificity. In this study three T cell lymphomas that differ markedly in their susceptibility to NK-mediated lysis from normal mice are shown to bear quantitatively but not qualitatively different degrees of NK target structures. The ability of these tumors to be lysed by NK cells can be drastically changed by augmentation of NK activity by LCM virus, but in a manner that differs relatively for the different targets. Comparison of the growth of these tumors in vivo strongly suggests an in vivo action for NK cells. PMID- 6965956 TI - Gangliotetraosylceramide is a T cell differentiation antigen associated with natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Thymocytes and splenic T cells from C57BL/6 mice were analyzed for their content of glycosphingolipids (GSL) by high performance liquid chromatography. Glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide were shown to be the major GSL of thymocytes from mice 1 to 30 weeks of age, whereas a third GSL, asialo GM1, was found only in trace amounts. In splenic T lymphocytes, however, asialo GM1 was shown to increase in concentration with age. It reached a peak at 5 to 10 weeks of age, at a concentration 10 to 20 times that of thymocytes or neonatal splenic T cells. These studies confirm the previous finding with antibodies to asialo GM1, that this glycosphingolipid is a true differentiation antigen in the mouse. Subsequent analysis of C57BL/6 bg/bg (beige) mice, which lack natural killer function, demonstrates that levels of asialo GM1 in the splenic T cell population do not increase with age but remain at the level of 2- to 3-week-old normal mice, indicating that asialo Gm1 may be an important cell surface component in the generation of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6965958 TI - Cellular requirements for antigen presentation in the induction of a thymus independent antibody response in vitro. AB - The ability of various cell populations to bind and present the thymus independent antigen TNP-Ficoll to a responding cell population was assessed. The in vitro antibody response to TNP-Ficoll depends upon the presence of B lymphocytes and plastic-adherent accessory cells, but does not require T lymphocytes. Purified B cells were the most effective population in binding and presenting TNP-Ficoll, and adherent cells did not perform this function. Antigen binding and presentation was antigen specific and could be blocked with anti-mu antibody, but not by antibodies directed against other immunoglobulin classes. Spleen cells from mice genetically unresponsive to TNP-Ficoll (CBA/N X BALB/c F1 males) were equally effective as normal spleen cells in antigen binding and presentation. We conclude that the initial events in the induction of the antibody response involves antigen binding by B cells, and that subsequent activation of the subset of B cells that can respond to TNP-Ficoll proceeds either via B cell-B cell interaction or B cell-dependent transfer of antigen to macrophage-like cells. PMID- 6965960 TI - Antigen presentation by isolated guinea pig Kupffer cells. PMID- 6965959 TI - The role of viral and cell-associated antigens in the cell-mediated immune response of rats to virus-induced lymphoma cells. PMID- 6965961 TI - The major influence on helper T cell cooperative partner cell preferences is exerted by the extrathymic environment. PMID- 6965962 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis supernatant transfer activity (EAE-STA) in Lewis rats:immunobiologic and initial biochemical properties. AB - Supernatants derived from incubated lymph node cells (LNC) of Lewis rats sensitized to neuroantigen-adjuvant have the capacity to transfer experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) to syngeneic recipients. Sensitization of donors with guinea pig or rat spinal cord adjuvant by either of two routes of injection was effective in generating EAE supernatant transfer activity (EAE-STA). Despite transfer of typical EAE histopathologic lesions, which were intense and disseminated throughout the neuraxis in some animals, recipient animals invariably remained clinically well. Donor sensitization with purified myelin basic protein of guinea pig or rat origin was conspicuously ineffective in generating EAE-STA. Absorption studies revealed that EAE-STA was diminished after exposure to guinea pig or rat spinal cord or guinea pig or rat kidney, but it was not demonstrably reduced after absorption with neonatal rat spinal cord lacking encephalitogenic activity or with guinea pig or rat myelin basic protein or lysozyme. EAE-STA is stable at -20 degrees C/4 days, -70 degrees C/2 days, 4 degrees C/18 hr, and 56 degrees C/1 hr, and has a m.w. in excess of 100,000 daltons. PMID- 6965963 TI - Effect of tunicamycin and neuraminidase on the expression of Fc-IgM and -IgG receptors on human lymphocytes. PMID- 6965964 TI - T cell requirements for generation of helper factor(s) in man: analysis of the subsets involved. AB - Lymphocyte mitogenic factor functions as a nonspecific helper molecule generated from antigen stimulation of T lymphocytes. As such, it induces proliferation of all major lymphocyte subclasses (T, B, and Null cells) and B cell immunoglobulin synthesis. In the present study, the specific T cell subset requirements for LMF production were determined in man. By utilizing the OKT4 monoclonal antibody directed at the human inducer T cell subset, T lymphocytes were separated into OKT4+ and OKT4- subpopulations. The antigen stimulated OKT4+ subset generated LMF in a fashion comparable to the unfractionated T cell population and was itself capable of directly inducing B cell proliferation and antibody production. In contrast, LMF could not be generated from the OKT4-T cell subset although this population accounted for 40% of the unfractionated T cell population. In addition, the OKT4- subset was unable to facilitate B cell differentiation in the presence of soluble antigen. These studies provide the first report of T cell subset restriction for generation of helper factors in man and further stress the importance of the OKT4+ inducer population in regulation of the human immune response. PMID- 6965965 TI - A B cell subpopulation binds to macrophages: this binding can be disrupted by T cells. AB - We have investigated the macrophage-binding properties of normal murine B cells and found that only a defined subpopulation of B cells can bind to macrophages. This subpopulation corresponds to the Lyb3--positive subpopulation. A population of T cells exists that disrupts this macrophage-B cell interaction. These findings are discussed in light of the demonstrated dependence on macrophages of several Lyb3+ cell functions. PMID- 6965966 TI - Mitogen-induced plasma cell differentiation in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Cellular interactions involved in mitogen-stimulated plasma cell differentiation were investigated in eight patients with severe but stable multiple sclerosis (MS). No significant differences were detected between normals and MS patients with regard to percent of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Autologous and allogeneic combinations of normal and MS B and T cells were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and plasma cell differentiation was monitored after 7 days in culture. T lymphocytes from patients with MS induced 2- to 4-fold increases in plasma cell development when combined with normal B cell fractions. Allogeneic combinations on normal B and T cells did not provide enhanced plasma cell generation. B lymphocytes from MS patients exhibited poor responses to both PWM and LPS when cultured with their own or normal T cells. Such B cell fractions did not differ from normals with regard to percent monocytes or surface Ig+ B lymphocytes initially contained in these cell populations. We conclude that T cells from MS patients are able to provide excessive help for normal B cell differentiation due either to increased T helper activity or deficient T suppressor activity. B cell differentiation may be diminished in MS patients as a result of a deficiency of a population of B cells in blood that are able to be stimulated by polyclonal B cell activators. PMID- 6965967 TI - Release of Ia antigens by a cultured B cell line. PMID- 6965968 TI - Cellular origins of co-stimulator (IL2) and its activity in cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. PMID- 6965969 TI - Sterol metabolism and lymphocyte function: inhibition of endogenous sterol biosynthesis does not prevent mitogen-induced human T lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6965970 TI - Anti-self receptors. II. Demonstration of H-2L region-restricted receptors on subpopulations of peripheral T and B lymphocytes. AB - Subpopulations of murine spleen, lymph node, and bone marrow cells can bind autologous erythrocytes. The specificity of this interaction was investigated and it was found that these lymphoid cells, like thymocytes, primarily recognize self H-2L antigens on red cells. Three experimental approaches were used to reach this conclusion: i) The inhibition of autorosetting with erythrocyte sonicates from different H-2 congenic and recombinant mouse strains; ii) the specific blocking of autorosette-inhibition with anti-H-2L antibodies, and iii) the analysis of H 2L mutant mice. The inhibition studies also demonstrated that extrathymic lymphocytes, like thymocytes, carry receptors that can distinguish between b, q and s haplotypes but cannot differentiate between the H-2L molecules expressed by d and k haplotypes. It was found that subpopulations of both T and B lymphocytes autorosette via H-2L restricted receptors. In fact, the majority (80%) of autorosetting cells in spleen were B lymphocytes. Furthermore, the H-2L restricted receptors on B lymphocytes were distinct from surface Ig and could develop in athymic (nude) mice. These findings imply that H-2 restricted receptors on lymphocytes play a much more fundamental and comples role in the immune system than simply directing the interaction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with target cells. PMID- 6965971 TI - Antigen-induced T cell-replacing factor (TRF). I. Functional characterization of a TRF-producing helper T cell subset and genetic studies on TRF production. PMID- 6965972 TI - Antigen-induced T cell-replacing factor (TRF). II. X-linked gene control for the expression of TRF-acceptor site(s) on B lymphocytes and preparation of specific antiserum to that acceptor. PMID- 6965973 TI - Endogenous pyrogens made by rabbit peritoneal exudate cells are identical with lymphocyte-activating factors made by rabbit alveolar macrophages. AB - Purified endogenous pyrogen (EP), isolated in one laboratory from stimulated rabbit peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), was compared with purified lymphocyte activating factor (LAF), isolated in another laboratory from stimulated rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM). Both EP and LAF occurred in two forms, one with an isoelectric point (pI) of 7.3 to 7.4, the other with a pI of 4.6 to 4.7. Both forms of EP and LAF had m.w. of 13,000 to 16,000 daltons as judged by gel filtration. Both forms of EP had LAF activity, and both forms of LAF were pyrogenic. The pI 7.3 EP, which is known to have an -SH group essential for its biologic activity, bound to Thiol Sepharose columns and could be eluted with mercaptoethanol. The pI 7.3 LAF behaved in exactly the same way. Furthermore, antisera from three different goats were available that completely blocked the pyrogenicity of pI 7.3 EP in vivo; these sera also blocked the pI 7.3 LAF activity in vitro. The pI 4.6 EP and LAF did not bind to Thiol Sepharose columns, nor were they inhibited by any of the antisera that blocked the pI 7.3 EP and LAF. Moreover, isoelectric focusing of pI 4.6 EP in very shallow gradients revealed microheterogeneity with sharp peaks of EP activity observed at pH 4.6 and 4.7. Analysis for LAF activity showed an identical microheterogeneity. These results are consistent with the idea that EP and LAF are identical. PMID- 6965974 TI - Specificity of alloreactive T lymphocytes that adhere to lung stage schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Alloreactive T lymphocytes generated against MHC antigens have previously been shown to adhere to lung stage schistosomula of S. mansoni because of the host MHC products known to be present on the surface of the parasites. In experiments reported here, the cells in this adherent population were shown to consist of Ly 2 positive, Thy-1 positive lymphocytes and to react specifically with products of the K and D but not the I region of the MHC. These results strengthen previous findings suggesting that the adherent lymphocytes are CTL. PMID- 6965975 TI - Haemophilus influenzae infections in Fresno County, California: a prospective study of the effects of age, race, and contact with a case on incidence of disease. AB - A prospective, population-based study of the incidence of infections with Haemophilus influenzae in Fresno County, California, was conducted. The average annual incidence or meningitis was 5.18 cases per 100,000 population, and of other invasive infections, 3.48 cases per 100,000. Incidence rates were highest in infants, but 13% of infections and five of seven deaths were in adults, primarily in elderly individuals with compromised defenses. Black children four years of age and younger were more susceptible to meningitis due to H. influenzae than were white children (P less than 0.001). In contrast, the increased incidence of haemophilus disease in Hispanic children was primarily a result of invasive infections other than meningitis (P less than 0.03). The secondary attack rate in household contacts less than two years of age was one in 24 during the first 30 days, one in 23 between 31 and 60 days, and 0.25 in 22 per month between three and six months. Age and racial factors may affect susceptibility to different forms of invasive disease due to H. influenzae, and young contacts of a patient are at increased risk of developing illness. PMID- 6965976 TI - Trichomonas vaginalis: reevaluation of its clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis. AB - Vaginal discharge is the most common complaint and Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis the most frequently diagnosed problem among women attending the DeKalb County Georgia, Veneral Disease Clinic. Despite this prevalence, the 1837 observations of Donne are the criteria frequently used in the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Our study shows that a purulent, frothy discharge is indeed a characteristic of trichomonal vaginitis, but if it is used as the sole diagnostic criterion, 88% of women with trichomonal vaginitis will not be identified and 29% will be erroneously diagnosed as infected. Donne's wet mount test remains highly specific, but culture will detect twice as many trichomonas infections. There is a positive association between trichomoniasis and gonococcal cervicitis, failure to use contraceptive techniques, and lack of yeast in the wet mount of vaginal secretions. PMID- 6965977 TI - Bacterial adherence to pharyngeal cells during viral infection. AB - Adherence of bacteria to pharyngeal cells from patients with naturally acquired acute respiratory illness and from volunteers experimentally infected with influenza virus vaccine was studied. Increased adherence of Staphylococcus aureus was found in both groups. In addition, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae type I adhered in increased numbers to cells from volunteers experimentally infected with influenza virus. Alterations in mucosal cells leading to increased bacterial adherence may play a role in the pathogenesis of suprainfection by these organisms in patients with viral respiratory diseases. PMID- 6965978 TI - Importance of beta-lactamase inactivation in treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. AB - To test the hypothesis that cephalosporins resistant to beta-lactamase are preferred in the treatment of serious staphyloccal infections, the ability of four cephalosporins to eradicate bacteria from the cardiac vegetations of rabbits with experimental endocarditis was examined. Two strains of Staphylococcus aureus were chosen as pathogens: one that rapidly and completely inactivated 50 micrograms of cefazolin in vitro (beta-lactamase-positive) and another that did not inactivate any cephalosporin (beta-lactamase-negative). Rabbits with a polyethylene catheter in the left ventricle were reliably infected witih 10(5) bacteria. Similar numbers of S. aureus were recovered from the cardiac vegetations of rabbits inoculated with the beta-lactamase-positive strain after 24 hr of treatment with each of four cephalosporins. However, when the animals were treated at intervals of 6 hr for four days, significantly fewer rabbits survived after treatment with cefazolin than with cephalothin. No difference in survival was observed in the treatment of rabbits with endocarditis due to the beta-lactamase-negative strain. The failure of cefazolin in the treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis in rabbits may be due to inactivation of the drug by beta-lactamase in vivo. PMID- 6965980 TI - Computer-assisted emission imaging. PMID- 6965981 TI - Simultaneous recovery of ampicillin-sensitive and ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae from blood. PMID- 6965979 TI - Growth profile of preschool children in an Indian rural community. AB - An investigation into the nutritional anthropometry of preschool children of poor socioeconomic status was carried out in a rural community of India by door-to door visits. All measurements--height, weight, left mid-arm girth, and chest and head circumferences--were far below local as well as international standards. By comparison with the Harvard standard, about 53% of the children were below it in respect of height for age and about 82% in respect of weight for height. The proportion of undernourished girls was relatively higher than that of boys. The need to develop regional standards is emphasised. PMID- 6965982 TI - Significance of CT scans showing enlarged ventricles and sulci. PMID- 6965984 TI - Historical perspectives on penicillamine. PMID- 6965983 TI - Comparative effects of substituted phenylethylamines on brain serotonergic mechanisms. AB - A series of substituted phenylethylamines were examined for their relative potencies to 1) release and inhibit accumulation of labeled serotonin in brain synaptosomes, 2) compete with serotonin receptor binding and 3) induce the "serotonin syndrome" in mice. In general, the relative potencies of the phenylethylamine derivatives to produce the serotonin syndrome did not correlates well with their effects on synaptosomal uptake or release of serotonin or serotonin receptor binding. However, para chloro substitution was more effective than meta or ortho chlorophenylethylamine and para methoxy substitution more effective than ortho methoxyphenylethylamine for [3H]serotonin uptake inhibition and release and induction of the serotonin syndrome. Lineweaver Burk kinetic analysis indicated that para chlorophenylethylamine was a competitive inhibitor of [3H]serotonin uptake in vitro with a Ki of 4.3 x 10(-7) M. Fluoxetine, a specific serotonin uptake inhibitor, blocked p-chlorophenylethylamine and p methoxyphenylethylamine-induced [3H]serotonin release. The ability of phenylethylamine derivatives to release preferentially [3H]serotonin in vitro without damaging serotonergic neurons and to consistently and rapidly produce the serotonin syndrome in vivo should make these compounds useful pharmacological tools for investigating brain serotonin metabolism. PMID- 6965985 TI - Bleeding oesophageal varices treated by a selective or total protal systemic shunt. PMID- 6965986 TI - Stimulated growth in vivo of thy antigen-positive lymphoma by normal T lymphocytes. PMID- 6965987 TI - K+-permeability of the outer border of the frog skin (R. temporaria). AB - Skins from Rana temporaria, investigated with microelectrode techniques in the absence of Na uptake across the outer border (Na-free epithelial solution or amiloride), were found to be permeable to K+ at the apical membrane in 10-20% of the experiments. Full development of the K+-permeable state requires the absence of Na+ uptake for certain periods of time, which suggests that the K+ permeability of the apical membrane is higher at lower intracellular [Na]. The addition of Ba++ reduces the K+-permeability of the apical membrane. These skins may provide a model for the study of transcellular K+ movements. PMID- 6965990 TI - From the NIH: New treatment for myoclonus patients. PMID- 6965989 TI - Effect of FeCl3 on ion transport in isolated frog skin. PMID- 6965988 TI - Effect of external cation and anion substitutions on sodium transport in isolated frog skin. AB - Effects of changes in external ionic strength, external cation and/or anion substitution on transepithelial influx and efflux of sodium, short-circuit current and on transepithelial potential difference and resistance were studied in isolated frog skin. Active transport of Na was found to be highly dependent on both anionic and cationic composition of external medium. Relative abilities of external monovalent cations to inhibit active Na transport were H greater than Li greater than K greater than Rb greater than Cs greater than choline. Relative abilities of external monovalent anions to stimulate active Na transport were I greater than Br greater than Cl. Sequences of anion interaction and of resistance changes suggest that anionic stimulation of Na transport is not due to electrical coupling across outer cell membrane. The ability of different anions and cations to alter Na transport suggests that externally located charged groups act as important barriers or filters to ion movement. In addition, the experiments suggest that an increase in ionic strength of external medium has an effect on active transport of Na, a finding that indicates interference of surface charges with Na entry. Directional changes in efflux of Na due to changes in ionic composition of external medium usually paralleled changes in active Na transport. It is possible that the observed relationship between influx and efflux of Na is the result of common pathways and of interaction of the active transport system with Na efflux. PMID- 6965991 TI - 'Runner's trots'. Gastrointestinal disturbances in runners. PMID- 6965992 TI - Simultaneous uvulitis and epiglottitis. PMID- 6965995 TI - [Ultrastructure of cutaneous lesions in lupus erythematosus. Comparison between cutaneous type and systemic type. (1)The basal lamina at the dermal-epidermal junction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6965994 TI - [Immunological abnormalities in sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6965996 TI - [An electron microscopic study of juvenile melanoma. With special reference to the ultrastructure of epithelioid cell nevus and its resemblance to hypertrophic astrocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6965997 TI - [An electron microscopic study on lymphatic vessels in systemic scleroderma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6965993 TI - Variant form of angina pectoris: its clinical features and treatment. The 185th Luis Guerrero Memorial Lecture given at the 6th Paul Dudley White Session, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, The Philippines, January 24, 1979. AB - The variant form of angina pectoris (VA) is a rather common disease in Japan, and the author himself is suffering from it. Among 100 successive cases of various types of angina seen in our Department, excluding myocardial infarction and post infarctional angina, 23 cases were VA. The brief duration, cyclic occurrence and frequent incidence of the attacks at night are considered to be the clinical characteristics. The pathogenesis of VA is ascribed to coronary spasm on the basis of findings made in cinecoronary arteriography. ST elevation was observed more frequently on exercise test in VA than in ordinary exertional angina pectoris, indicating that patients with VA are in a markedly spasmophilic state. Although the prognosis is not generally so serious, 33 out of 50 cases of VA had arrhythmias during attacks, including such serious ones as advanced AV block and ventricular fibrillation. Nifedipine was dramatically effective in suppressing repeatedly occurring ventricular fibrillation. A survey of the effects of calcium antagonists in 243 cases of VA in 11 cardiology institutes throughout Japan revealed that these drugs were effective in more than 90% of the cases. Of particular note is the fact that the attacks were completely eliminated in more than 80% of the cases. PMID- 6965998 TI - [Dynamic aspects of cultured epidermal cells in Darier's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6965999 TI - [Locomotive ability of cultured epidermal cells in Hailey-Hailey's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966000 TI - [Report of mass screening of skin tumor in Yamaguchi Prefecture during 16 years, 1963--1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966001 TI - [Regeneration of skeletal muscle in dermatomyositis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966002 TI - Pretreatment, prediagnosis immunoglobulin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin levels in patients with bronchial carcinoma. AB - Sera from 148 patients suspected of having bronchial carcinoma were evaluated for concentrations of IgA, IgM, IgG, and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT). Histologically, 137 tumor specimens obtained by bronchoscopy or surgical biopsy were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (55%), adenocarcinoma (18%), undifferentiated small cell carcinoma (20%), or undifferentiated large cell carcinoma (7%). The tumor types of the remaining 11 patients were not identifiable from the records but were included as a separate group. Serum protein values were compared with those of a control group of 60 healthy adult volunteers. Regression analysis of age, race, and sex effects on the results of comparisons between test and control groups indicated that, with the possible exception of age and IgM, these three independent variables did not significantly influence the observations. Both serum IgA and alpha 1-AT were significantly elevated in all tumor groups when compared to the control levels. This was not the situation for serum IgG. Results for serum IgM were equivocal and depended on the statistical methods used. Although the serum immunoglobulin concentrations for the small cell carcinoma group were consistently lower than those for the other tumor cell types, no statistically significant difference existed between the five tumor groups in this regard. PMID- 6966004 TI - Demonstration of natural antibodies in normal rabbit serum with similar specificity pattern as mouse natural killer cells. AB - Normal rabbit sera (NRS) obtained from noninbred animals were shown to contain antibody to YAC-1, a mouse lymphoma, in a complement-dependent 51Cr release assay. A positive correlation was found between the sensitivity to lysis by NRS antibody and the susceptibility to lysis by mouse natural killer (NK) cells when 7 mouse tumors and 1 guinea pig hepatoma were tested in both assay systems. This correlation was further established with a quantitative absorption assay in which NRS was absorbed with various mouse tumors and subsequently tested for cytotoxicity against YAC-1, the most NRS- and NK-sensitive tumor. A striking positive correlation appeared between the capacity to absorb the NRS anti-YAC-1 activity and the NK sensitivity of various mouse tumors to CBA spleen cells. Thymocytes from strain A/Sn mice less than 2 weeks old absorbed a substantial amount of the NRS anti-YAC-1 activity; these cells were also sensitive to mouse NK cytolysis, whereas thymocytes from older mice lacked both properties. These natural rabbit antibodies could not "arm" peripheral blood lymphocytes in the rabbit because 1) the peripheral blood lymphocytes from these animals used as serum donors showed only low cytotoxic activity in an NK assay against NK sensitive mouse tumors, and 2) no positive correlation appeared between the levels of cytolytic activity and the levels of natural serum antibodies observed in the rabbits. The present data suggest that natural antibodies in NRS showed the same specificity pattern for mouse tumors displayed by mouse NK cells. PMID- 6966003 TI - Quantitation of lymphocytes and T-cell subsets in patients with disseminated cancer. AB - Human peripheral blood T-cells were divided into subsets on the basis of their ability to bind to the Fc receptor portion of IgG (TG cells) or IgM (TM cells). These subsets were studied in 25 patients with newly diagnosed disseminated malignant solid tumors. When compared to a group of healthy, age-matched controls, cancer patients as a group exhibited signifcantly increased percentages of TG cells and significantly decreased percentages and numbers of TM cells. Comparison of the values determined for individual patients to those determined for groups of 10 healthy individuals in the same decade of life revealed that most cancer patients had normal levels of lymphocytes and T-cells, but many had aberrant values for T-cell subsets. PMID- 6966007 TI - [State of the blood coagulating system after the surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6966005 TI - Haemophilus influenzae sepsis leading to pericarditis despite antimicrobial therapy. AB - Acute purulent pericarditis is a well-recognized, though infrequently seen, manifestation of systemic Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. We recently studied two pediatric patients who developed signs of this septic complication during appropriate antibiotic treatment for bacteremia. These case reports should alert physicians to the possibility that pericarditis may become clinically evident in patients with systemic H. influenzae infections many days after initiation of appropriate therapy. The pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities and therapy are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6966006 TI - [A study on the inhibitory effect of the serum from pulmonary tuberculosis patients on the E-rosette formation of normal T-cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966008 TI - [Treatment of hemorrhages from esophageal varices with an obturator probe]. PMID- 6966009 TI - [Rheumatoid vasculitis of the retina and ciliary body of chronic covert course (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966010 TI - [Cryoextraction of cataract by the Krwawicz method: An important step in the development of lens surgery]. PMID- 6966012 TI - [Rare causes of hemorrhages from the small intestine]. PMID- 6966011 TI - Classification of normal and malignant lymphatic cells using acid phosphatase and acid esterase. AB - The usefulness of cytochemical tests (APh and ANAE) to replace or to supplement membrane markers in subclassification of normal and malignant lymphatic cells was investigated. MATERIAL: normal lymphocytes subfractionated by rosetting and centrifugation, and in M. Hodgkin and CLL; lymphoblastoid cell lines; malignant lymphatic cells in different types of lymphatic leukemia. In normal human blood, T-lymphocytes are marked by a distinct "dot-like" ANAE-reactivity which is somewhat less pronounced in the small (11%) subgroup of Fc-IgG-receptor positive T-lymphocytes; B-lymphocytes are negative or finely granular positive. Lymphoblastoid cell lines of B- and of T-type are ANAE- and APh-positive. In some lymphatic malignancies, a characteristic pattern of activity of APh or of ANAE may support the diagnosis. The value of ANAE-cytochemistry is highly estimated for the quantitative determination of the percentage of normal T-lymphocytes lymphatic leukemias, immunological disorders, and during immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 6966013 TI - [Clinical aspects of severe forms of serum hepatitis type B]. PMID- 6966014 TI - The effect of diets containing field beans of high or low polyphenolic content on the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestines of rats. PMID- 6966015 TI - Safety of prolonged ischemic arrest using hypothermic cardioplegia. PMID- 6966016 TI - Functional comparison of coronary bypass grafts of the saphenous vein and internal mammary artery. AB - The magnitude and distribution of myocardial blood flow through a saphenous vein (SV) bypass graft and an internal mammary artery (IMA) graft (diameter greater than or equal to 2 mm) into the same left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) (diameter congruent to 1.5 mm) were determined at rest, with atrial pacing, and with elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in 18 dogs. Blood flows through the native LAD, SV, and IMA grafts were similar in the resting heart. With atrial pacing (heart rate = 150% of control), flow in both the SV and IMA grafts increased but the difference was not significant. With elevated LVEDP (20 mm Hg) produced by transfusion, flow in both SV and IMA grafts increased, but, again, these increases were not significantly different. The SV and IMA bypass grafts have similar flow rates at rest and during increased functional demand, provided the grafts are larger than the vessels into which they are placed. PMID- 6966017 TI - Aorta-coronary bypass grafting in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 6966018 TI - Predictors of late aorta-coronary graft patency: intraoperative phasic flow versus angiography. PMID- 6966019 TI - Small bowel infarction complicating intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation via the ascending aorta. AB - A case of small bowel infarction owing to balloon-induced thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery is described. The tendency of thrombosis to occur when the balloon is inserted via the ascending aorta is discussed. This possibility necessitates obtaining lateral roentgenograms of the balloon tip before closure of the sternum. PMID- 6966021 TI - Regional myocardial function after bypass grafting. PMID- 6966020 TI - Management of long-standing cardiocutaneous fistulas after resection of left ventricular aneurysms. AB - Cardiocutaneous fistulas arising from pledgets used in the closure of resected left ventricular aneurysms are rare but have serious implications. The case histories of four patients, each managed in a somewhat different manner, are presented. From this experience we recommend an aggressive approach to remove the infected pledgets once scar formation is complete and before erosion of the pledgets into the left ventricular cavity can occur. PMID- 6966022 TI - The effect of steroids on the circulating lymphocyte population. IV. The effect of stress on the thoracic duct lymphocyte population in normal and neonatally thymectomized rats. PMID- 6966023 TI - T-lymphocytes in venous blood and lymph from the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct of normal dogs. AB - The WBC and per cent polymorphonuclear cells in blood increased significantly during the approximately 3 hours of the experiments. The number of lymphocytes did not change significantly. Corresponding cellular components in RD and TD lymph were not significantly different. The per cent of T-rosettes in FVB was more than three times that in RD and TD lymph (33/10). T-rosettes were predominantly formed by medium lymphocytes (68-82%) in both blood and lymph. PMID- 6966024 TI - [Cryoglobulins in systemic and rheumatological diseases. Report of 70 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins characterized by precipitating when serum is cooled and redissolving when serum is heated. There is strong evidence to consider mixed cryoglobulins as circulating immunocomplexes. Cryoglobulins have been demonstrated in association to hematologic, hepatic, lymphoproliferative, autoimmune and infectious conditions. There is also an essential or idiopathic variant. The present report studies a series of 70 patients with several rheumatic and systemic diseases, and a group of ten patients with cutaneous vasculitis. Significant levels of cryoglobulins have been detected in nine cases (overall incidence 12.8 percent). The diagnoses corresponding to these patients were as follows: systemic lupus erythematosus in three cases, dermatopolymyositis in three cases, Sjogren's syndrome in two cases, and Wegener's granulomatosis in one case. Cryoglobulins could not be demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid artritis, sclerodermia, periarteritis nodosa, cutaneous vasculitis, Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondilitis and acute articular rheumatism. Among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus a good correlation has been observed between the presence of serum cryoglobulins, the activity and severity of the diseases and the decrease of serum complement levels. PMID- 6966025 TI - [Care of gastroenterology patients]. PMID- 6966026 TI - Colorimetric determination of vitamin D2 (calciferol). PMID- 6966027 TI - Analysis of vitamin D2 isomers. PMID- 6966028 TI - Assay of 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in human serum. PMID- 6966029 TI - Steroid competition assay for determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. PMID- 6966030 TI - Use of chick kidney to enzymatically generate radiolabeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and other vitamin D metabolites. PMID- 6966032 TI - [Diagnostic problems in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic problems in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency are shown by a case report about a seven weeks old infant. The typical morphological changes in a liver biopsy were suspicious for alpha 1-antitrypsindeficiency. This diagnosis was eventually established by repetition of serum electrophoresis and quantitative dterminations. In addition to prognosis, problems of therapy, prophylaxis, early diagnosis and counselling of affected families are discussed. PMID- 6966031 TI - [alpha 1-antitrypsin determination in children with obstructive lung disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 184 children and juvenile with type I respiratory allergies the AAT-content in serum was measured by the rocket technique. The results do show neither disease- nor agedependant changes. The mean of the total was 283 mg%. This value does agree very well with the normal values reported in literature. In 5 patients however (2,71%) of the total collective an intermediary AAT-deficiency was found. This frequency though lies within the percentage of occurrence in non-selected patients. The individual analysis of these cases did not give any valid connection to history, age, lung function, immunoglobulins and course of disease. On the basis of the demonstrated results it can be said, that the determination of AAT in serum patients with type-I-allergy is of no practical diagnostic value. PMID- 6966033 TI - Visual suppression of motion sickness. PMID- 6966034 TI - [The importance of early diagnosis of herpes zoster]. PMID- 6966035 TI - [Primary pulmonary histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6966036 TI - [Responses of the receptive fields of frog retinal ganglion cells to the anterior and posterior margins of moving stimuli]. AB - Arrangement of on- and off-discharge centres in the receptive fields of the 1st and 3d classes of the frog retina was determined by means of moving bars of different length. Three groups of fields are found. On- and off-centres of the 1st group receptive fields coincide, those of the 2nd group are divided spatially; in the 3d group fields the central position is occupied by the discharge centre of the same contrast sign, and in the periphery the discharge centres of the opposite sign are arranged to the right and to the left of the discharge centre. Thus the frog retina receptive fields possess features resembling concentric receptive fields of geniculate neurons and visual cortex field of the cat. The asymmetry in responses was found: with a bar moving in opposite directions the distance between discharge centres "changed"; with a bar moving in one direction only one of peripheral centres was revealed and with a bar moving in another direction--the second centre on the opposite side of the receptive field was detected. This asymmetry in space-time relations in the receptive fields is analogous to that which is found in the fields of the cortex neurons and is connected with their directional properties. PMID- 6966037 TI - [Vestibular reactions of neurons of the cerebellar nucleus dentatus and nucleus interpositus in cats]. AB - The response of interpositus and dentate neurons to the sinusoidal tilts in the frontal plane were studied in thalamic cats. In interpositus nucleus 65% neurons responded to the tilts. Their responses were not uniform: some neurons showed an increased activity during the contralateral tilt, others--during ipsilateral tilt, and some neurons--during tilts in both directions. Dentate neurons did not respond to tilts. The peculiarities of vestibular responses of neurons in different cerebellar nuclei are discussed. PMID- 6966038 TI - Angiographic diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas and meningiomas in the cerebellopontine angle--a reappraisal. AB - Forty-two acoustic neurinomas and seven meningiomas in the cerebellopontine angle were reviewed, and the radiological differential diagnosis of these tumors is discussed. Though enlarged internal auditory meati and characteristic CT findings were reasonably reliable indicators for the diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas, it was angiography which substantiated their correct diagnosis. An arcuate vein was frequently demonstrated with acoustic neurinomas, but never with meningiomas. Visualization of tangled veins seems to favor a diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas. Contrary to earlier reports, tumor stains were most frequently visualized using selective external carotid arteriography. The degree of tumor stains did not aid in differentiating acoustic neurinomas from meningiomas. The importance of using angiotomography, especially in the anteroposterior projection, and external carotid angiography during prolonged injections of large amounts of contrast media, is emphasized. PMID- 6966039 TI - CT sagittal reconstruction of posterior fossa tumors. PMID- 6966041 TI - [Selective cryolysis of Gasser's ganglion in essential trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 6966040 TI - [Our experience in prevention and treatment of drug allergy]. AB - A brief account of the physiopathology and clinical treatment of antigen-antibody reactions is followed by the description of a personal technique used for over 20 years in the detection of drug allergy. The method consists of a skin test followed by administration of increasing doses of the drug under examination. Attention is also given to the prevention and treatment of allergic reactions to drugs used in therapy and diagnosis, and to desensitisation techniques. PMID- 6966042 TI - Trophoblastic markers in the differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. AB - The serum levels of pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (PSBG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 79 women admitted to the hospital because of uterine bleeding and pain in the lower abdomen. In 25 out of 26 patients (96%) with operatively confirmed ectopic pregnancy, hCG was found; PSBG was found in 22 out of 23 (96%). There was 1 patient in whom neither marker was found. In all of 14 patients with clinical signs of intrauterine pregnancy both hCG and PSBG were present. The levels of hCG and PSBG in patients with ectopic pregnancy (1558 +/- 465 mIU/ml and 739 +/- 386 ng/ml) or with inevitable abortion (1282 +/- 810 mIU/ml and 1511 +/- 658 ng/ml) were lower than those found in uncomplicated pregnancy of the same gestational length (20,100 +/- 2200 mIU/ml and 2821 +/- 673 microgram/ml), whereas in cases of threatened abortion ending in delivery, the levels were normal for the gestational time. Of 39 patients without clinical signs of pregnancy, hCG was detectable in the serum in 3 women and PSBG in 11 others. Seven of these 14 had an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) in situ, suggesting the possibility of a subclinical abortion. Our results show that the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy can be improved significantly by the highly sensitive radioimmunologic measurement of serum hCG and/or PSBG concentrations, but these tests do not distinguish intrauterine from extrauterine sources of trophoblastic markers. PMID- 6966043 TI - Intramyometrial prostaglandin F2 alpha in the treatment of severe postpartum hemorrhage. AB - Three patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony were treated with intramyometrial injection of 1 mg of prostaglandin F2 alpha with excellent results. This was an effective, safe, and rapid therapy in these cases of severe postpartum bleeding. PMID- 6966044 TI - [Ischemic colitis]. PMID- 6966045 TI - [Endoscopic sclerosing treatment of bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 6966046 TI - [Aortic stenosis--angiodysplasia of the cecum]. PMID- 6966047 TI - Neurostimulation in the modulation of intractable paraplegic and traumatic neuroma pains. AB - Our experience in treating 10 patients with intractable pain with paraplegia employing percutaneous epidural or dorsal column stimulation is presented. Initial and long-term results in this group are contrasted with those of 9 patients with intractable post-amputation or post-traumatic neuroma pain. The successful results of neurostimulation treatment of peripheral nerve pain contasts with the disappointing results in the treatment of paraplegic pain. PMID- 6966048 TI - The immotile cilia syndrome: phase contrast light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. AB - In the immotile cilia syndrome, transmission electron microscopy of the cilia shows abnormalities in the arrangement of the central pairs of tubules and in the dynein arms of the peripheral tubules, or in the radial spokes, We studied four nonrelated children, 9/12, 5, 6, and 6 years old, with situs inversus and a history of chronic sinusitis and bronchitis (Kartagener's syndrome) and four children in the same age group and with the same history, but without situs inversus. Under the phase contrast microscope no motile cilia were seen in the four patients with Kartagener's syndrome and in two of the four other children. Transmission electron microscopy showed aberrations in the cilia (absence of dyneim arms, random orientation of central tubules) in the patients with Kartagener's syndrome. Scanning electron microscopy revealed differences in morphology and arrangement of cilia between patients and controls. In the patients much more mucus was present on the mucosal surface. Furthermore, the cilia were in a state of disorder, with a multidirectional orientation instead of the parallel orientation seen in controls. PMID- 6966049 TI - Neonatal salt loss in the hypertensive form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - The 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency (11OHD) form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is diagnosed infrequently during the newborn period. A child presumed to have the 21-hydroxylase deficiency form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia was studied extensively as an infant. The diagnosis was based on ambiguous genitalia, elevated 17-ketosteroids, evidence of urinary 11-ketopregnanetriol, and salt loss. Severe hypertension was detected at 11 years, and 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency was confirmed with elevated plasma 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11 deoxycortisol, low cortisol, and normalization of blood pressure following glucocorticoid replacement. Impaired aldosterone biosynthesis and salt loss were demonstrated during dexamethasone therapy. Salt loss during infancy does not distinguish between the 11 beta- and 21-hydroxylase deficiency forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 6966050 TI - Prolonged use of large intravenous steroid pulses in the rheumatic diseases of children. AB - Nineteen children with rheumatic diseases refractory to standard treatment were given repeated large "pulses" of corticosteroid therapy. The pulses consisted of four repeated doses of 500 mg of hydrocortisone given intravenously over 20 to 30 minutes at six-hour intervals or of single intravenous injections of 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone. All patients had temporary relief of signs or symptoms of inflammation. Complications were mild and only one child was removed from therapy because of a complication. Two children were judged to be treatment failures. Five patients have been weaned from all steroid treatment, and eight have required continued pulses at one- or two-week intervals as outpatients to maintain control. All of these have been able to reduce oral prednisone doses. Effects of the two forms of pulse appear similar. However, two children responded to the series of injections of hydrocortisone but not to single doses of methylprednisolone. Pulses have been given for periods up to three years without evident toxicity. Further work to define doses, schedules, and optimal drug is needed since this approach to steroid use appears effective and relatively nontoxic. PMID- 6966051 TI - [Neuroradiological diagnosis with metrizamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966052 TI - [Antinuclear autoantibodies. Induction by drugs]. PMID- 6966053 TI - [Hyperandrogenism due to adrenal enzyme deficiency: possibility of pregnancy. Five cases (author's transl)]. AB - Five women suffering from hyperandrogenism due to adrenal enzyme deficiency, with various clinical symptoms and discovered at a more or less early stage, had a total of 7 pregnancies. 21-hydroxylase was deficient in three, and 11-beta hydroxylase in two women. The pregnancies occured 6 months to 10 years after corticosteroid treatment was started in four cases, and after it was discontinued in a case of partial deficiency in 11-beta-hydroxylase. Four women delivered on term, two of them normally and two by caesarean section. The fifth woman delivered prematurely on the 33rd week. Two pregnancies were interrupted either spontaneously or voluntarily. None of the newborn babies (three girls and two boys) showed any abnormality. With the exception of the premature girl, their weight was normal. The oldest of the girls had a normal puberty at the age of thirteen. PMID- 6966054 TI - The nursing process: an application of the SOAPE model. PMID- 6966056 TI - [Reactivity of cell-mediated immunity in patients with distant metastases of lung carcinoma]. PMID- 6966057 TI - [Treatment of fungal infections of the genital organs with pimafucin]. PMID- 6966055 TI - [Contribution to the data on the epidemiological state of tuberculosis in Poland]. PMID- 6966058 TI - [Interactions of salicylates and glucocorticoids in the combined treatment of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6966059 TI - Massive nontraumatic hematuria: a challenge demanding immediate action. AB - Massive nontraumatic hematuria threatens the life of the patient and presents a complex management problem for the clinician. A rational approach to the condition demands rapid initial assessment followed by specific diagnosis of the cause of bleeding and appropriate corrective steps. PMID- 6966060 TI - [Use of prodigiozan in the overall treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6966061 TI - [Acute pneumonia in children with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 6966062 TI - Antipyretic, analgesic and antimicrobial studies on Sisymbrium irio. PMID- 6966063 TI - A critical look at the accuracy of endoscopy and double-contrast radiography of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract in patients with substantial UGI hemorrhage. AB - Double-contrast radiography and endoscopy were compared in a prospective study of 100 patients with substantial hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract. Endoscopy enabled detection of the primary bleeding site in 93% of the patients and correct diagnosis of 91% of all UGI lesions present. Double-contrast radiography detected 80% of primary bleeding sites and 76% of all UGI lesions present; whether the double-contrast examination was performed before or after endoscopy did not change its ability to detect lesions. Radiography demonstrated 68% (esophagitis) to 86% (duodenitis) of all superficial lesions. Endoscopy missed lesions in the duodenum and esophagus most frequently, while double contrast radiography missed lesions in the esophagus most frequently. With the two modalities combined, the overall diagnostic accuracy for all lestions was 99%. Endoscopy and double-contrast radiography are complementary techniques for detecting acute bleeding sites of the UGI tract. PMID- 6966064 TI - Double-tracer, multiple-organ transaxial emission computed tomography: improved localization and characterization of radiotracer distributions. AB - Transaxial emission computed tomography (ECT) was performed in dogs with experimentally induced abscesses, using 67Ga and several 99mTc-labeled organ specific radiopharmaceuticals. Superimposition of 99mTc ECT images onto the 67Ga images gave the precise anatomic location of the abnormal foci of 67Ga uptake, correctly localizing a perinephric abscess, a splenic abscess, and a focus of osteomyelitis. This technique also permits further characterization of regions of decreased activity. PMID- 6966065 TI - 111In oxine labeled red cells for detection of simulated lower gastrointestinal bleeding in an animal model. AB - 111In oxine in vitro labeled red cells were evaluated in rabbits for the ability to detect gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. A mean labeling efficiency of 81% (+/- 15.5%) was achieved. Biodistribution and translocation data demonstrated 81% of the activity within the blood pool at four hours after intravenous injection, falling to 29% by 72 hours. Peak urine excretion occurred after 60-150 minutes. Normal GI excretion was less than 1% over 72 hours. Simulated lower GE bleeding was imaged at 4, 12, and 72 hours, and amounts as small as 2 ml (1% blood volume) were seen. In rabbits the total body dose of injected 111In is 0.15 mGy/MBq (0.56 rad/mCi), and the critical organ is the spleen which received 0.49 mGy/MBq (1.82 rad/mCi). 111In oxine labeled red cells provide a sustained blood pool label without significant accumulation in the GI tract, and may have a potential use in the detection of intermitent GI bleeding in humans. PMID- 6966066 TI - [Behavior of factor VIII in diabetes mellitus in relation to diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6966067 TI - Viral antibody titres in HBs antigen-positive and -negative chronic active hepatitis. AB - A comparative study of antibody titres to nine common viruses has been carried out in hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen-positive and -negative chronic active liver disease. The results show that increased titres of antibody to morbilli virus by complement fixation and to rubella by haemagglutination inhibition are found in HBs antigen-negative but not in HBs antigen-positive chronic active liver disease. There was a significant association of increased morbilli but not of rubella virus antibody titres with the presence of high-titre nuclear antibodies (ANA) but no association with smooth-muscle antibody or the presence of HLA-B8. PMID- 6966068 TI - Adherent cell dependent colony-stimulating activity in human serum: A granulopoietic regulator? AB - Bacterial infections and trauma which increase production of granulocytes and monocytes by the bone marrow, may do so through factors in serum capable of stimulating growth of granulocyte-macrophage cells in vitro. Human serum possesses two types of colony stimulating activity (CSA), one which stimulates granulopoietic progenitor cells directly, and another which results from the interaction of serum and bone marrow adherent cells (monocyte-macrophages) or peripheral blood leucocytes: adherent cell dependent CSA. These activities are due to different factors which may be separated by gel filtration. Sera of 7 patients undergoing hystectomy who developed post-operative infection showed post operative elevation of the adherent cell dependent activity in all cases but no change in direct acting CSA. These results suggest that the direct acting CSA in human serum does not represent the principal humoral 'message' to the bone marrow from sites of trauma and infection in the tissues and that granulopoiesis may be controlled indirectly by the action of a different humoral factor which increases production of CSA by marrow monocyte-macrophages. Preliminary experiments suggest that lymphocytes stimulated by bacterial products be one source of this factor. PMID- 6966069 TI - Long-term influence of splenectomy on immune functions in patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Immunological functions of 9 non-splenectomized and 8 splenectomized patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied before and after treatment. The two groups compared well with regard to age, clinical and immunological findings at diagnosis and observation time. When retested, all patients had enjoyed an unmaintained complete remission for 2 to 5 years following total nodal radiotherapy. After therapy, total lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte counts decreased in non-splenectomized patients but remained unchanged in splenectomized patients. The blood lymphocyte DNA synthesis after activation by concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen persisted at the same low level after treatment. The delayed skin hypersensitivity and the lymphocyte activation by PPD antigen were restored in several patients in both groups. The IgM concentration decreased after therapy independent of splenectomy. The IgA level was low in non-splenectomized patients. Splenectomy seems to protect from the therapy-induced lymphocytopenia. No alterations of immunoglobulins and blood lymphocyte functions could be ascribed to splenectomy. PMID- 6966070 TI - Intrauterine infection by non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae in a case of maternal immunodeficiency. AB - A 29-year-old woman with an upper respiratory tract infection due to Haemophilus influenzae, gave birth to a premature infant who died after 3 h. The mother's strain was non-capsulated, as were the strains cultured from the infant's blood, lungs, nose, and throat. Antigen analyses revealed, however, that the strains were not identical. The infant probably acquired the infection via the transplacental route. The uncommon infection was in this case attributed to a transient dysgammaglobulinemia in the mother. PMID- 6966071 TI - [Arrest of the alcoholic abstinence syndrome and of alcoholic delirium by action on the acupuncture points]. PMID- 6966072 TI - The Langer-Giedion phenotype associated with a unique skeletal finding in a mentally retarded adolescent male. A case report. AB - A case of a mentally retarded male patient with associated physical abnormalities resembling the multiple exostoses-mental retardation syndrome (MEMR, Langer Giedion or Ale-Calo syndrome) is reported. The patient represents one of the most severe examples of this condition; he also has a triphalangeal thumb with double distal phalanges, a feature not reported previously. PMID- 6966074 TI - Persistent isodense intraventricular hematoma caused by intraventricular saccular aneurysm. AB - A case of intraventricular hemorrhage secondary to an intraventricular saccular aneurysm is presented in which the hematoma mass gave a false appearance of resolution secondary to its progressive isodense appearance on serial computerized cranial tomograms. Intraventricular saccular aneurysms are unusual lesions and a most uncommon cause of intraventricular hemorrhage. Diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage has been greatly facilitated since the advent of cranial computerized tomography though elucidation of the definitive cause of hemorrhage in this case still depended upon cerebral angiography. In addition, the development of isodensity by the hematoma mass on serial computed tomograms has led to this case report. PMID- 6966073 TI - Somatic hybrids between a high NK-sensitive lymphoid (YACIR) and several low sensitive sarcoma or L-cell-derived mouse lines exhibit low sensitivity. AB - Mouse somatic cell hybrids between a high NK-sensitive lymphoma line (YACIR) and various sarcoma or L-cell-derived cell lines (all weakly sensitive) all exhibited low NK sensitivity. This was not due to a general resistance to cell-mediated lysis, since these mouse hybrids could be killed by in vitro-sensitized specific T cells. Alloantigens are usually codominantly expressed in somatic cell hybrids, whereas differentiation-related markers are usually suppressed. Because NK sensitivity was found to be suppressed, in contrast to the expression of alloantigens and tumor-associated antigens, we suggest that the target structure may be either a differentiation-related antigen or a differentiation-related "membrane property." PMID- 6966076 TI - Surgical treatment of left main coronary artery disease: operative risk. AB - Surgical experience with 100 consecutive patients with left main coronary artery stenosis (greater than 50%) was reviewed to determine the risk factors and their relationship to preoperative use of intraaortic balloon (IAB). The 30-day mortality rate was 3% and the perioperative infarction rate was 2%. There was no correlation between surgical mortality and ejection fraction (EF) (15% had EF of less than 40%), degree of stenosis (58% of the patients had greater than 70% left main stenosis), right coronary artery stenosis (81%), or the number of grafts placed. We conclude that surgery for left main coronary artery disease can be done with a low mortality rate by strict attention to the induction of anesthesia, surgical technique, and complete revascularization. In our experience, prophylactic use of the IAB does not appear to be justified and is only rarely necessary for postoperative support (one case). PMID- 6966075 TI - Solitary plasmacytoma in the cerebellopontine angle. AB - A case of solitary plasmacytoma of the skull base growing into the cerebellopontine angle is reported. Myeloma protein of the lambda type light chain was identified in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid. The difficulty in differentiating solitary plasmacytomas of the skull base from other tumors in this location, such as chordoma and meningioma, is discussed. PMID- 6966077 TI - Paraganglioma of the duodenum: a case report. AB - Paraganglioma of the duodenum is a tumor which typically occurs in the ampullary region and which has been regarded as benign. This patient, as well as most of the 25 similar cases previously described, presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis may be elusive, particularly when a Billroth II anastomosis has been done previously. Careful identification of the ampulla is mandatory to ensure safe excision of the tumor. The possibility of multicentricity in these tumors heightens the necessity of distinguishing them from ampullary carcinoma at operation. PMID- 6966078 TI - Indications for operation in acute necrotizing enterocolitis of the neonate. AB - A study to evaluate criteria for operation was carried out in 61 infants with acute necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A total of 10 clinical, roentgenographic, and laboratory criteria were considered. Each proposed operative criterion was correlated with the documented presence or absence of intestinal gangrene in these infants. Indications for operation verified by this study were (1) pneumoperitoneum, (2) paracentesis findings positive for gangrenous intestine, (3) erythema of the abdominal wall, (4) a fixed abdominal mass, and (5) a persistently dilated loop of intestine on serial abdominal radiographs. The first two signs occurred frequently; the latter three were rare. Operative indications which proved to be invalid in this study were (1) clinical deterioration, (2) persistent abdominal tenderness, (3) profuse lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, (4) the roentgenographic finding of gasless abdomen with ascites, and (5) severe thrombocytopenia. Twenty-four of the infants were operated on. The mortality rate among the infants operated on after free intestinal perforation had occurred (64%) was double that of infants operated on for intestinal gangrene without perforation (30%). Paracentesis may identify infants with intestinal gangrene prior to the development of perforation and may permit advantagenous timing of operation. This analysis of the frequency and reliability of proposed operative criteria may aid the surgical decision. PMID- 6966079 TI - [Clinico-immunological parallels in glomerulonephritis during treatment]. PMID- 6966080 TI - Therapeutic endoscopy. PMID- 6966081 TI - Acquired von Willebrand's syndrome during autoimmune disorder. AB - A case with evidence of acquired von Willebrand's syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythmatosus and Sjogren's syndrome is described. The patient, who had no family history of bleeding, presented a haemorrhagic diathesis of recent origin, the bleeding time was prolonged, procoagulant Factor-VIII and von Willebrand factor levels were low and platelet aggregation was decreased with different concentrations of Ristocetin. No improvement was seen after the tranfusion of cryoprecipitates, and there was no increase in procoagulant Factor VIII. Clinical improvement resulted after treatment with corticosteroids, and later, the laboratory abnormalities characteristic of von Willebrand's disease became normal. The level of procoagulant factor-VIII reached the very high level of 810%. PMID- 6966082 TI - Platelet release reaction in vivo in patients with ischaemic heart disease after isometric exercise and its prevention with dipyridamole. AB - In 20 patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), platelet sensitivity to ADP aggregation, plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and plasma beta-thromoboglobulin (beta-TG) were measured before and after isometric exercise. Effect of dipyridamole on these determinants was studied in a crossover fashion. To assess plasma vWF level, a new simple method was employed which has the advantage of not requiring an optical aggregometer and was proved to be reproducible. No significant difference was seen in platelet sensitivity to ADP-aggregation, vWF and beta-TG among healthy controls, IHD patients on placebo and on dipyridamole at rest. After exercise, platelet sensitivity to aggregation, plasma vWF and beta TG increased significantly in IHD patients on placebo. In healthy controls, no significant changes were seen. On dipyridamole, above changes seen in IHD patients were not seen. The results suggests that isometric exercise may induce platelet release reaction in vivo and may produce hypercoagulable state in IHD patients. These phenomena may be prevented by pretreatment with dipyridamole. PMID- 6966084 TI - Von Willebrand factor, polycations, and platelet agglutination. PMID- 6966085 TI - Differential phospholipid hydrolysis by phospholipase C in sarcolemma of muscles with calcium or sodium generated action potentials. PMID- 6966083 TI - The influence of 2-mercaptoethanol on von Willebrand factor and bovine platelet aggregating factor. PMID- 6966086 TI - [Effect of overall cariostatic and antirheumatic therapy on metabolic processes according to experimental data]. PMID- 6966087 TI - Migrainous cerebral infarction: a tomographic study of cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction with the oxygen-15 inhalation technique. AB - A patient with migraine who had a permanent visual field defect was studied by angiography and CT scan. He also had a tomographic study of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen extraction fraction (EO2) using the non-invasive continuous oxygen-15 (15O) inhalation technique. Angiography was normal. CT scan revealed an area of decreased density with contrast enhancement suggestive of a recent infarct in the left occipital lobe. The 15O inhalation technique showed a decrease in CBF and EO2, typical of recent infarcts, in the corresponding area, an increase in CBF with normal EO2 in the left temporal lobe, and a decrease in CBF with increased EO2 in the right occipital cortex. These findings illustrate the unusual nature and extent of the ischemic process underlying migrainous cerebral infarction. PMID- 6966089 TI - Influence of irradiation on the capacity of human T and B lymphocytes to form E and HEAC rosettes. AB - Human lymphocytes were irradiated in vitro with 0 to 50,000 rad. It was shown that the capacity of lymphocytes (1) to form E rosettes was inhibited after irradiation with 500 rad, (2) to form spontaneous E rosettes was inhibited after irradiation with 100 rad, (3) to form HEAC rosettes was resistant to radiation, and (4) that already formed E rosettes, spontaneous E rosettes, and HEAC rosettes were resistant to radiation. PMID- 6966088 TI - Hepatitis B e antigen in volunteer and paid blood donors. AB - Sera from 200 volunteer donors and 200 paid blood donors, all positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), were tested for the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg).HBeAg was detected in 31 HBsAg-positive paid donors (15%), and in 11 HBsAg-positive volunteer donors (5%) by agar gel diffusion. The presence of HBsAg was associated with higher titers of HBsAg. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) in the two donor groups. Rheumatoid factor was not associated with the presence or absence of HBeAg or anti-HBe, indicating that HBeAg is probably not an anti-IgG. These data support the epidemiological evidence that paid blood donors appear to be more likely than volunteer donors to transmit hepatitis B virus infection to recipients of their blood. PMID- 6966090 TI - Corynebacterium liquefaciens-induced suppressor T cells in graft-versus-host reaction. AB - The effect of the spleen cells and thymus cells from Corynebacterium liquefaciens treated (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 hybrid mice on graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, initiated in the parental to newborn F1 hybrid strain combination, was studied by using Simonsen's spleen assay. The combined inocula of 5 x 10(6) normal BALB/c spleen cells and 50 x 10(6) spleen cells from F1 mice that had been given i.v. injections of 1 mg of C. liquefaciens yielded a significantly smaller spleen index than did 5 x 10(6) BALB/c spleen cells alone. This suppressive function of C. liquefaciens-treated F1 spleen cells was more potent in phagocyte-depleted and T cell-enriched cell fractions. Thymus cells from C. liquefaciens-treated F1 mice also suppressed GVH reaction. The results suggest that C. liquefaciens can induce the suppressor T cells. PMID- 6966091 TI - Immune regression of visceral metastases in athymic mice. Correlation of "low level" in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions with allograft rejection in vivo. AB - The MDAY-D2 tumor of DBA/2 origin metastasizes widely and predictably in syngeneic DBA/2 mice, as well as in allogeneic athymic mice. BALB/c mice, which are H-2 compatible with MDAY-D2, reject the tumor based on non-H2 histocompatibility antigens. This rejection corresponds directly with the generation of a "low-level," in vitro, cell-mediated cytotoxic response in ipsilateral peripheral lymph nodes and spleen. Production of cytotoxic antibody also occurs during tumor rejection. Previous work has demonstrated the effectiveness of adoptively transferred, sensitized BALB/c lymphocytes in eliminating preexisting visceral metastases in BALB/c athymic mice. The present study shows that in this model the complete regression of H-2-compatible allografts, in the form of preexisting metastases, correlates directly with the ability of adoptively transferred cells to mediate low-level, cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Both graft rejection in vivo and cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro are mediated by T cells. Enriched sensitized B cells and anti-MDAY-D2 serum are both incapable of mediating this graft rejection in vivo. Based on these findings, we conclude that relatively weak in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxic responses should not be dismissed as biologically insignificant, for they may be indicative of considerable immune potential in vivo. PMID- 6966092 TI - Studies on the content of anti-Ia and anti-SD antibodies in rat allosera raised across major histocompatibility complex differences. PMID- 6966093 TI - First and second B-lymphocyte antigen expression in malignant melanoma. PMID- 6966094 TI - Characterization of DR antigens on cultured melanoma cells by using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6966095 TI - Alloimmunization: induction of antileukemic reactivity without modification of anti-host reactivity in H-2-compatible mice. AB - Transplanted immunocompetent cells from CBA (H-2k) mice immunized against individual or pooled lymphoid cells from various allogeneic strains resulted in the elimination of widely disseminated leukemia cells in AKR (H-2k) host mice as measured in a GVL bioassay. In most cases, alloimmunization resulted in reactivity against AKR-L comparable to that observed when CBA donors were specifically immunized with irradiated AKR-L cells. Cells from unimmunized or isoimmunized CBA mice had no detectable GVL reactivity. Alloimmunization caused no increase in the mild GVH reactivity of unimmunized or isoimmunized CBA lymphoid cells transplanted into lethally irradiated nonleukemic AKR hosts; whereas, specific immunization with AKR-LX cells resulted in significantly increased GVH-related mortality. PMID- 6966097 TI - Enhanced cytotoxicity of allosensitized T cells for autologous lymphoblastoid cell lines and human leukemia cells following propagation in T-cell growth factor. PMID- 6966100 TI - [Gastroduodenal hemorrhage treated with endoscopic electrocoagulation]. PMID- 6966099 TI - [Change in transport kinetics of D-xylose in frog muscle fibers due to the specific inhibitors of sugar transport phlorhizin and phloretin]. AB - The phloretin and phlorizin inhibition kinetics of D-xylose transport into muscle fibres of Rana temporaria has been studied. Phlorizin inhibits the entry of D xylose competitevely and reversibly with Ki = 2.8 . 10(-4)M. Ki =9.8 . 10(-5)M has been attributed for phloretin inhibition. Phloretin inhibition was slightly reversible and depended on the state of muscle fibres. The decree of inhibition of sugar exit did not exceed that of sugar entry into the muscle fibres. The effect of phlorizin (5 . 10(-5) and 1 . 10(-4)M) and phloretin (2 . 10(-4)M) was not additive. PMID- 6966098 TI - Virus-immune cytotoxic T-cell activity following negative selection of alloreactive precursor lymphocytes. AB - Results obtained using negative selection protocols indicate that it is possible to obtain vaccinia-virus-specific killing of cells expressing H-2 types other than those encountered during physiologic development in thymus. This response has been found to be neither reciprocal for different H-2 types, nor identical for influenza and vaccinia viruses. Prior priming with virus apparently suppresses the capacity of T cells to be sensitized to H-2-different virus infected cells. PMID- 6966096 TI - Cytotoxicity induced by inflammatory cells stimulated with allosensitized lymphocytes. PMID- 6966102 TI - [Surgical diseases of the stomach in children]. PMID- 6966101 TI - [Enteroplasty of the bladder in combination with electrostimulation of the graft in traumatic spinal cord disease]. PMID- 6966103 TI - Metastatic canine medullary thyroid carcinoma: a case report. AB - A medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in a dog first became evident because of a distant metastasis. The histologic characteristics of the tumor differ from those previously reported in dogs in that this tumor was highly malignant; anaplasia and mitotic figures were common. The diagnosis was substantiated by radioimmunoassay for calcitonin. Serotonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan also were elevated in the neoplastic tissue. The relation of the biochemical alterations to the clinical course was not clear. PMID- 6966104 TI - [Cerebral circulatory disorders in craniocerebral injury in children]. PMID- 6966105 TI - [Status and developmental prospects of radioisotopic diagnosis in pediatrics]. PMID- 6966106 TI - [Congenital vitamin D-dependent rickets]. PMID- 6966107 TI - [Effect of hydroxyprogesterone caproate on immunological skin tests and on the T lymphocytes in cancer of the corpus uteri]. AB - Under study was the effect of oxyprogesterone-capronate (500 mg daily, total dosage of 10 g) on delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction (DCHR) to tuberculin and candidine as well as the level of T-lymphocytes and cortisol in the peripheral blood in 34 patients with primary cancer of the corpus uteri. Prior to the treatment there was a considerable negative correlation between metabolic and immunological indices. Under OPC exposure DCHR enhanced in 62% of observations. In 7 of 12 patients the level of T-lymphocytes was increased and blood cortiol level decreased in 6 of 11 patients. 58 per cent of the observations showed a parallelism between the effect of OPC on the skin tests and the tumor histostructure, and in 8 of 12 patients on the level of T-lymphocytes and the tumor histostructure. PMID- 6966108 TI - [Splenectomy in lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 6966109 TI - [Laboratory immunological characteristics of "oligosymptomatic" chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6966110 TI - [Hemorrhage caused by gastric leiomyoma]. PMID- 6966112 TI - [The treatment of rheumatism patients. Experiences in free practice in a thermal spa]. PMID- 6966111 TI - Phospholipase B activity in congenitally athymic (nude) mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. AB - The effects of an infection with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae on the intestinal phospholipase B activity and bone marrow eosinophilia of congenitally athymic (nude) mice (BALB/c; NU/NU) were studied. Nude mice were used since it had been shown that they do not undergo a typical worm expulsion and also they lack a thymus. The results showed that nude mice do not develop either an increased bone marrow eosinophilia or an elevation in intestinal phospholipase B activity. The findings thus support the hypothesis that phospholipase B is involved in the expulsion of parasitic worms and that elevated enzyme levels and expulsion are thymus cell dependent. PMID- 6966113 TI - [The Kartagener syndrome and the syndrome of immotile cilia]. PMID- 6966114 TI - [Prognostic value of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte count in lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6966116 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in neonates, young children and adults as detected by six cell surface markers. AB - In this study, six surface marker tests were performed on lymphocytes from normal individuals of three age groups: neonates, children from 0 to 2 years of age, and adults. Determined were the proportions of T cells binding sheep red blood cells, of B cells carrying surface immunoglobulins or binding mouse red blood cells, and of lymphocytes bearing receptors for IgM, for IgG or for complement. The T cell percentage appeared to increase with the age; the percentage of B cells was highest in the children's group, as determined by both marker tests. Neonates had a much lower proportion of IgM-receptor bearing cells than older individuals. The variation in the percentages of T cells and of IgM-receptor bearing cells in the young age groups was relatively large as compared to adults. The significance of these observations is discussed; they may be of value for the proper evaluation of results obtained in diagnostical tests on neonates and young children. PMID- 6966115 TI - [Surface markers of the lymphoid cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6966118 TI - Bioavailability and related pharmacokinetics in man of orally administered L-5 hydroxytryptophan in steady state. AB - The bioavailability of orally administered L-5-hydroxytryptophan in steady state was investigated at four increasing multiple dose levels in five patients suffering from various myoclonic disorders. An L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor was co-administered in all the experiments. The disposition pharmacokinetics of the amino acid had been established in the same patients in preceding intravenous single dose experiments. The finding of a direct proportionality between the size of the oral dose level of L-5 hydroxytryptophan and the corresponding areas under the plasma concentration curves within a dosage interval at steady state strongly indicates dose independent, linear pharmacokinetics of the compound. The systemic availability of L-5-hydroxytryptophan exhibited an interindividual range of 47-84%, with a mean value of 69.2% +/- 4.7 S.E.M. The absorption took place at a rather slow rate as judged from times of 1.8 to 3.3 hours elapsing from administration of the compound until occurance of the maximum measured plasma concentrations. Transitory nausea and vomiting were only recognized in few instances during the gradual building up of increasing steady state levels of L-5-hydroxytryptophan in the patients, and the importance of a slow initiation of therapeutical treatment with the amino acid is emphasized. PMID- 6966117 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with various immunodeficiencies. AB - We have studied patients with various immunodeficiencies for the occurrence of blood lymphocytes bearing six different surface markers: the affinity to sheep erythrocytes (Es) to identify T cells, the presence of surface-bound immunoglobulins (sIg) to distinguish B cells, the affinity to mouse erythrocytes (Em) as a second B cell marker, and the receptors for the Fc part of IgM (IgM FcR), the Fc part of IgG (IgG-FcR) and for complement (CR). IgG-FcR bearing lymphocytes were present in normal proportions and the same was found for CR positive lymphocytes. None of the patients with congenital agammaglobulinaemia had sIg-bearing or Em-binding B lymphocytes. Four patients with ataxia teleangiectasia had low B cells and 3 out of 4 also had low proportions of IgM FcR-bearing (T) cells. A child with partial DiGeorge syndrome did not have a grossly abnormal marker pattern although there appeared to be a shift in the T/B cell ratio in favour of the B cells. In a patient with selective cellular immunodeficiency associated with a purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, who was followed during reconstitution therapy with plasma and red cells, a positive change in the marker pattern was seen. Similar observations were made in a child with combined immunodeficiency during treatment. The findings are being discussed in the light of the current knowledge of the functions and ontogeny of lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 6966120 TI - Does aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass surgery change the native coronary arteries? An angiographic follow-up of 60 patients. PMID- 6966119 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin and other acute phase reactants in liver disease. AB - The plasma acute phase reactant pattern was studied in 124 patients with liver disease and 16 healthy individuals undergoing liver biopsy, alpha 1-Antitrypsin levels were found to correlate positively with the extent of hepatocellular damage, inflammatory activity and total biopsy score. Haptoglobin levels correlate negatively with these parameters and particularly with characteristics conducive to portal hypertension. Orosomucoid and fibrinogen were unaffected by extent of disease and activity. These changes result in a typical acute phase reactant pattern, seen most frequently in viral hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis and less frequently in alcoholic liver disease. When present, it has a high specificity and predictive value for detection of liver disease. PMID- 6966121 TI - Phrenic nerve pacing in reversible cervical cord lesion: a case report. AB - Phrenic nerve pacing was performed in a patient with tetraplegia and complete respiratory insufficiency soon after cervical decompressive laminectomy for spondylotic myelopathy. The electrophrenic stimulation, in spite of being performed only unilaterally, gave respiratory autonomy to the patient, who was then no longer dependent on mechanical ventilation. This allowed him to move freely out of bed and have intensive motor rehabilitation, which in the end resulted in a satisfactory recovery. The stimulator was removed when no longer needed. The technique, the physiological parameters, and the indications for diaphragm pacing are discussed. PMID- 6966122 TI - Factors affecting test-retest reliability of the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test. AB - More effective clinical use of the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT) may result if factors affecting test reliability were known. An experiment, a pilot study involving primary grade students, was designed to assess whether time of day or sex affected the test. The SCPNT was administered at a 2-week interval to 12 boys and 12 girls and subject responses were noted and compiled. Pearson Correlation Coefficients revealed high reliability for all conditions. No significant differences existed for sex or time of retest. Responses to the SCPNT revealed that it was typical for a subject to demonstrate pleasure but not typical to show alarm, threat, or loss of body balance while rotating. PMID- 6966123 TI - Excessive postrotary nystagmus duration in learning-disabled children. AB - The Southern California Sensory Integration Test results of 109 learning-disabled children were reviewed and analyzed to investigate the hypothesis that learning disabled children with excessive postrotary nystagmus durations display greater neuropsychological impairment than learning-disabled children with normal or depressed postrotary nystagmus. The findings supported the hypothesis that learning-disabled children judged to have relatively greater neuropsychological involvement exhibited significantly longer postrotary nystagmus durations. Data analysis revealed that six Southern California Sensory Integration Tests assumed to measure cortical level functions shared significant variance with excessive Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT) scores. A similar relationship was not found for normal or depressed SCPNT scores. A connection between cortical level versus brain-stem level central nervous system dysfunction, nystagmus, and learning disorder is discussed. PMID- 6966124 TI - Recurrent angina after bypass surgery: evaluation by early and late arteriography. PMID- 6966125 TI - Vascular permeability factor and nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6966126 TI - Improved circulation by coronary bypass? PMID- 6966127 TI - Treatment of postoperative low output syndrome with intraaortic balloon pumping: experience with 419 patients. PMID- 6966129 TI - Therapeutics of antirheumatic agents. PMID- 6966128 TI - Detection of left ventricular aneurysm and evaluation of effects of surgical repair: the role of radionuclide cineangiography. PMID- 6966130 TI - Thrombocytopenia in a young woman. PMID- 6966131 TI - Evidence for an androgen-binding component in the cytosol of the human term placenta. AB - The present communication describes a specific, high-affinity (Kd = 1.9 +/- 0.21 x 10(-9)M; n = 3) binding component for dihydrotestosterone present in the high speed, hormone-stripped cytosol fraction of the human term placenta. In order to delineate the nature of this substance, the synthetic steroids R1881 (progesterone and androgen receptor specific) and R5020 (progesterone receptor specific) were employed. Minimal binding of H3-R5020 was observed; however, H3 R1881 was found to bind with a Kd = 0.6 +/- 0.18 x 10(-9)M (n = 3). The relative displacing ability of R5020 for H3-R1881 was only 1.3%, substantiating the presence of an androgen binder and negating the presence of a significant level of a progesterone-binding component. Evidence that the binder is of placental origin and does not result from blood contamination includes no significant binding of H3-R1881 to pregnancy serum, binder thermolability at 45 degrees C, and precipitation of the binder by ammonium sulfate at 30% saturation. Speculations as to the receptor or receptor-like nature of the binder are presented. PMID- 6966132 TI - Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis in infants. AB - Two infants recovered from endogenous Candida endophthalmitis. Case 1, to the best of my knowledge, is the first reported full term neonate with this entity. Free-floating vitreous opacitis ("ballon vitreen") were found in one infant and the second infant's lesions resolved in a more conventional manner. PMID- 6966133 TI - Hereditary vitreoretinal degeneration, cleft lip and palate, deafness, and skeletal dysplasia. AB - Two brothers and their mother had vitreoretinal degeneration associated with cleft palate, a peculiar physiognomy, skeletal anomalies, and sensorineural deafness. The pattern of inheritance in this family suggested autosomal dominant transmission. PMID- 6966134 TI - Optic neuritis and systemic lymphoma. AB - A 26-year-old man with stage IV poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma complained of visual loss of two weeks' duration. Examination revealed visual acuity of light perception in the right eye secondary to optic neuritis and other tests revealed the presence of lymphomatous leptomeningeal infiltration. Combined treatment with intrathecal methotrexate, prednisone, and whole brain radiation resulted in rapid long-lasting recovery of visual function of the right eye. The cerebrospinal fluid contained a large amount of thymus-derived lymphocytes and the subsequent clinical course observed with characteristic of T-cell or malignant lymphoblastic lymphoma. PMID- 6966135 TI - The incidence of fundus lesions in septicemia. PMID- 6966136 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy. AB - An 8 1/2-year-old girl had posterior polymorphous dystrophy that required keratoplasty. Similar lesions were found in the patient's mother, thus establishing the genetic trend of the disease. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed areas of endothelial cell degeneration and multiple depressions or pits. These seemed the most advanced and characteristic lesions of posterior polymorphous dystrophy. Transmission electron microscopy studies in areas adjacent to the pits showed an abnormally developed Descemet's membrane covered by two or more layers of elongated endothelial-like cells. Cells over Descemet's membrane seemed to deposit some Descemet's membrane material and both fine and coarse collagen fibrils. Cells had prominent mitochondria, normal endoplasmic reticulum, and desmosomal attachments. Cytoplasmic fibrils and microvilli were usually found in cells lining the anterior chamber. Specular microscopy and scanning electron microscopy recorded the image of only the innermost cells and these appeared as endothelium. PMID- 6966137 TI - Fusarium solani Endophthalmitis. PMID- 6966138 TI - Potassium exchange in the whole cell, cytoplasm, and nucleus of amphibian oocytes. AB - Potassium isotope exchange was studied in whole oocytes, with and without ovarian follicles, and in oocyte cytoplasm and nucleus. Cryomicrodissection was used to prevent solute redistribution during nuclear and cytoplasmic separation. Manual follicle removal causes a small decrease in the K+ of the preparation. No effect of follicle removal is seen on 42K+ exchange. Whole oocyte exchange is multiphasic and reflects the presence of two intracellular K+ fractions. One of these fractions is present in both nucleus and cytoplasm. It exhibits first-order exponential kinetics, apparently established at the cell membrane. The second fraction is restricted to cytoplasm and exchanges at an imperceptible rate. The fractions differ in pre- and posthibernation oocytes. These observations clarify the mechanism whereby nuclear/cytoplasmic K+ concentration asymmetries are maintained and the mechanisms responsible for the high K+-activity coefficient previously reported in these cells. PMID- 6966139 TI - Demonstration of a pancreatic proelastase 2-alpha 1-protease inhibitor complex in normal human plasma. AB - A peak of immunoreactive pancreatic elastase 2 with a molecular weight consistent with that of a complex of elastase 2 and alpha 1-protease inhibitor (also referred to as alpha 1-antitrypsin) can be detected by radioimmunoassay in normal human serum or plasma (Geokas et al., J. Biol. Chem. 252:61-67, 1977). This material has been purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The alpha 1-protease inhibitor-bound immunoreactive elastase 2 has been dissociated by incubation with hydroxylamine, and the resulting immunoreactive product isolated by gel filtration on Sephadex G 100. The dissociated immunoreactive elastase 2 was shown by affinity chromatography on turkey egg white inhibitor-bound agarose, before and after activation by bovine trypsin, to consist only of proelastase 2. A second peak of immunoreactive material associated with the high molecular weight fraction of plasma has been shown to result from a specific interaction of the 125I-labeled phenylmethanesulfonyl-elastase 2 employed as tracer in the radioimmunoassay with alpha 2-macroglobulin, resulting in apparent immunoreactivity. These results demonstrate that all of the detectable immunoreactive pancreatic elastase 2 in normal human plasma is proelastase 2 bound to alpha 1-protease inhibitor. PMID- 6966140 TI - Carbon monoxide insensitivity of gastric acid secretion. AB - By the use of hyperbaric conditions, it is possible to obtain high CO/O2 while maintaining O2 tension at a level that is not in itself inhibitory of acid secretion in the isolated frog gastric mucosa. Free solution CO/O2 of up to 10:1 only inhibit acid secretion about 20%, less than expected. Considerations of O2 diffusion into a respiring tissue bounded by unstirred layers predict a CO/O2 at the terminal oxidase ranging from 12 to 64 under various conditions and positions in the tissue, with predicted inhibitions between 55 and 86%. The inhibition observed is light reversible, affects potential difference and resistance in a consistent manner but is never very large. In the absence of O2, the CO cytochrome alpha 3 complex can be demonstrated spectrophotometrically. Among other possible explanations for these observations, it is suggested that this tissue may contain an inhibitor-insensitive oxidase for a portion of the cytochrome system directly involved in acid secretion. PMID- 6966141 TI - Effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on hepatic drug-metabolizing capacity of athymic nude mice. AB - The effects of infection with Schistosoma mansoni on the activities of several hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes were investigated in congenitally athymic homozygotic nude mice and in a heterozygotic strain of BALB/c derived mice. In athymic nude mice, infection with schistosomes of the same duration and intensity (in terms of the number of eggs in the liver) as in heterozygotic mice resulted in a much smaller reduction in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities. Therefore, the severe reductions of the hepatic drug-metabolizing function in this infection occur only in mice that are immunologically competent and, thus, are dependent on the host's response to the parasite eggs. PMID- 6966142 TI - Controlled, semielective, segmental resection for massive colonic hemorrhage. AB - An aggressive diagnostic work-up to determine the site of bleeding was employed in all 25 patients requiring transfusion of over 1,500 cc of blood for colonic hemorrhage in New Haven in 1977 and 1978. A specific bleeding site that permitted segmental colectomy was found in 23 patients (92 percent). The mortality rate was zero, reflecting the rapid improvement in survival that has occurred in the last decade among patients with massive colonic hemorrhage. PMID- 6966143 TI - Myelinated dendrites in the spinal cord of frogs (Rana esculenta). AB - Myelinated dendrites--probably of motoneurons--were found in the spinal cord of the frog. It is assumed that the myelin sheath, by increasing the membrane resistance, improves the function of the dendrite as a cable. PMID- 6966144 TI - Partial immunologic reconstitution and hyperimmunoglobulinemia-E in neonatally acquired graft-versus-host disease. AB - A three-month-old girl with congenital immune deficiency developed graft-versus host disease following engraftment of maternal immunocompetent cells. T and B lymphocyte numbers increased and lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin normalized during the patient's hospitalization. However, these cells failed to respond to pokeweed mitogen and several specific antigens, suggesting that the expanding clone of alloreactive cells had limited immunologic potential. Serum IgE concentration rose from an undetectable level to 2,600 u/ml, indicating an immunoregulatory imbalance. HLA typing revealed that the patient's parents shared HLA antigen specificities. Finally, experimental administration of antithymocyte globulin had no beneficial effect upon the patient's clinical course or laboratory findings. PMID- 6966145 TI - An area of T cell localization in the cloacal bursa of White Leghorn chickens. AB - Within the cloacal bursa (bursa of Fabricius), there is a diffusely infiltrated area (DIA) of lymphoid cells just dorsal to the bursal duct opening. Because this region displayed certain histologic characteristics of thymus-dependent areas found in mammals, such as high endothelial venules, heavy reticular fiber components, and epithelium infiltrated with lymphocytes, experiments were conducted to determine whether thymus-derived cells (T cells) were present. Two independent methods substantiated the presence of T cells in the DIA. After the acid alpha-naphthyl acetate staining technique, the characteristic T cell focal esterase activity could be demonstrated in significant numbers of cells found in the DIA. Also autologous radioactively labeled thymocytes could be identified in the DIA by autoradiography a few hours after IV injection. This establishment of a definite T cell area within the bursa gives additional credence to the contention that the bursa functions as a secondary lymphatic organ. PMID- 6966146 TI - Occult gastrointestinal bleeding: locating the cause. PMID- 6966147 TI - Course and contents of the paravestibular canaliculus. AB - The purpose of this study is to describe the anatomy of the paravestibular canaliculus (PVC) in detail, especially its course in relation to the vestibular aqueduct (VA) and its vascular contents. Serial horizontal sections of 20 normal human temporal bones were stained either with hematoxylin and eosin, by Verhoeff van Gieson's method, or by Mallorys method, and studied under the light microscope. Graphic reconstruction of the VA and the PVC was performed in some of the cases. In this study, the following new anatomical information on the common course and vascular contents of the PVC was obtained: 1) two PVC are present in the area near the vestibular orifice of the VA; 2) the PVC merges with the VA in the area near its cranial orifice without any particular branching, and does not enter the posterior cranial fosa; 3) veins course through the entire length of the PVC whereas arteries course only through the posterior cranial fossa side of the PVC. It appears that veins are the major contents of the PVC and that these veins represent the main venous drainage system from the vestibule. It also appears that arteries in the PVC supply the blood from the posterior cranial fossa mainly to the PVC itself. PMID- 6966149 TI - Temporal bone histopathologic features in Fanconi's anemia syndrome. AB - A histopathologic study of the temporal bones from a 7-year-old girl with Fanconi's anemia syndrome demonstrated (1) hemorrhage in the submucosal layer and the cavity of the middle ear and mastoid, massive in the right ear; (2) hypocellularity of the bone marrow; (3) minor but multiple anomalies of the middle ear; and (4) hypodevelopment of the hook portion of the cochlea and reduced overall length of the cochlear duct. The histopathologic features of these temporal bones appears to suggest that congenital anomalies of the inner ear, as well as those of the external and middle ears, would be possible causes of the deafness that accompanies Fanconi's anemia syndrome. PMID- 6966148 TI - Endolymphatic hydrops with absence of vein in paravestibular canaliculus. AB - Unilateral endolymphatic hydrops is described associated with absence of the vein in the paravestibular canaliculus (PVC), and with decreased vascularity of the vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac. The venous return from the vestibule was normal as far as the junction of the branches forming the PVC vein. At this junction, a blind venous loop was formed with no continuation of venous drainage through the PVC. This probably represents a developmental anomaly. The decreased vascularity of the endolymphatic sac may be related to the absence of the PVC vein. However, anatomical and functional relationships of these vessels are not clear and need further study. Perisac fibrosis and endosteal bone formation are possibly secondary to the decrease in vascularity. A large chronic rupture of the inferior saccule wall probably accounts for the absence of vertigo and the relatively mild degree of cochlear endolymphatic hydrops. PMID- 6966150 TI - 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase induction by phenobarbitone and 1,2-benzanthracene in primary maintenance cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6966151 TI - Depressed T cell colony growth in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood T lymphocytes, plated in agar, are capable of forming discrete lymphoid colonies. In 35 normal subjects, the average number of colonies was 6,020 +/- 351 (SEM). By contrast, in 39 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the mean colony number was 2,774 +/- 384, a value significantly less than controls (P less than 0.001). Normal responses were measured in 5 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and in 7 of 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Colony growth in SLE showed a strong correlation with disease activity but did not correlate with responses of blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin in suspension cultures, the number of circulating T cells, or serologic abnormalities. PMID- 6966153 TI - [Metabolism of Ro 21-5998 (mefloquine) in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - After administration of 15 mg/kg 14C-Ro 21-5998/001 i.p. to rats, the metabolite patterns in feces, urine, bile and blood were compared. Metabolites from feces were identified by GC/MS, in all other cases by TLC. The main component in the feces consists of mefloquine (Ro 21-5998). In addition the acid Ro 21-5104, a derivative of mefloquine with a hydroxy group in the piperidine moiety (M 12), the alcohol Ro 14-0518 and a metabolite (M 4a), which is supposed to be a lactam, were shown to be present. The acid Ro 21-5104 is the main metabolite in the urine. The bile contains the parent compound Ro 21-5998, the acid Ro 21-5104 and the alcohol Ro 14-0518, partially as conjugates. The structurally investigated components account for about 40% of the administered dose. The blood contains the parent compound Ro 21-5998 and the acid Ro 21-5104 as main components. In comparing the various metabolite patterns, it can be summarized that that in urine is slightly different from those in bile (after hydrolysis of the conjugates), feces and blood which show more similarities between each other. PMID- 6966154 TI - [Computed tomography in experimental canine hydrocephalus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966152 TI - Lymphocyte transformation to denatured type I collagen and B lymphocyte alloantigens in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes transformed significantly to denatured type I collagen in 22 of 38 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (58%), 1 of 9 patients with Reiter's disease (P less than 0.05), and 9 of 32 controls (28%) (P less than 0.01). Determination of HLA antigens revealed significant differences between 24 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and a control population for HLA-DRw4 (75% versus 23%). No correlation was observed between lymphocyte transformation to collagen and antibodies to collagen, rheumatoid factor, stage or duration of RA, or HLA antigens. PMID- 6966155 TI - Enzyme-induced modification of the surface properties of lymphoid cells in malignant disease. I. Effect of trypsin on rosette formation by lymphocytes in myelomatosis. AB - The surface properties of blood lymphocytes from treated myeloma patients and healthy controls were studied in vitro. The patients were tested 6 weeks after the last treatment to allow time for cells to recovery from possible drug toxicity. Peripheral-blood lymphocytes were tested for rosette formation with unsensitized sheep erythrocytes (E rosettes) and with complement and antibody coated erythrocytes (EAC rosettes). The tests were duplicated using lymphocytes pretreated with trypsin. As others have noted, myelomatosis is associated with increased blood levels of EAC-rosette-forming cells and a marked reduction in E rosette-forming cells. E-rosette formation was significantly increased by pretreatment of myeloma lymphocytes with trypsin. By contrast, enzyme-treated cells showed no significant change in EAC-rosette formation. These results suggest that the absolute number of circulating T cells is probably not reduced in myelomatosis, but that the surface of T cells is somehow modified so that a proportion of them lose the ability to form E rosettes. PMID- 6966157 TI - Liposomes. Effect of temperature on their mode of action on single frog skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Liposomes containing the fluorescent dye 6-carboxyfluorescein were made from dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and stearylamine. At 4 degrees C the liposomes are adsorbed on the fiber surface and when the temperature is raised to 21 degrees C, their contents are transferred directly into the fibers at a linear rate. Liposomes had little effect on the time course of the maximal twitch tension. PMID- 6966156 TI - The level of distribution of carbohydrases in the small intestine mucosa of pigs from 3 weeks of age to maturity. AB - 1. The levels of the brush-border enzymes sucrase (sucrose glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.48), isomaltase (oligo-1,6-glucosidase, EC 3.2.1.10), maltases 2 and 3 (glucoamylase, EC 3.2.1.3), lactase (beta-galactosidase, EC 3.2.1.23) and trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) and adsorbed pancreatic alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) have been measured at twenty-one positions along the small intestines of eighty-four pigs of different ages ranging from 3 weeks to 4.5 years. The state of dilation of the intestine at the sampling points was noted. 2. The levels of sucrase and isomaltase increased with age throughout the age-range studied. Trehalase and the glucoamylases increased with age up to 200--300 d of age. Lactase decreased with age over the whole age range. 3. For the pigs above 10 weeks of age, the distribution pattern of the brush-border enzymes along the intestine did not change with age. Each enzyme had a characteristic distribution curve, with low values at the proximal and distal ends and a peak which was proximal in the instance of lactase and trehalase and approximately mid-way along the gut with sucrase, isomaltase and the glucoamylases. 4. The pattern of distribution of the brush-border enzymes altered with age in the piglets, but approached the adult pattern by 8 weeks. 5. Piglets weaned at 3 weeks had higher levels of sucrase, isomaltase and glucoamylases at 5 weeks than piglets left on the sow. At 8 weeks of age the piglets weaned at 3 weeks still had higher sucrase and isomaltase levels than those on the sow. 6. There was a very close correlation between the sucrase and isomaltase levels, and between the maltase 2 and maltase 3 levels in all the samples, and a fairly close correlation between all these four enzymes. 7. The level of alpha-amylase increased with age but showed no regular distribution pattern, its irregular fluctuations being related to the presence or absence of dilation of the intestine at the time of slaughter rather than to the position along the intestine. PMID- 6966158 TI - NMR studies of the interaction of gene-V protein of bacteriophage M13 with oligonucleotides. AB - This paper describes the preparation of deuterated phenylalanine ([2H7] phenylalanine) and the isolation of phage M13 encoded gene-V protein in which this deuterated amino acid was incorporated. Using this protein spectral assignments of resonances in the aromatic region of the 1H-NMR spectrum of the gene-V protein have been made. Furthermore the interaction of the gene-V protein with the tetranucleotide d(pC-G-C-G) and the hexanucleotide d(pC-G-C-G-C-G) was investigated. From the changes in the aromatic region of the NMR spectrum occurring after binding, it is concluded that at least one phenylalanine and one tyrosine is involved in the interaction with the oligonucleotides via stacking. PMID- 6966159 TI - Comparative studies on native and elastase-inactivated alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-antitrypsin). PMID- 6966161 TI - Subcellular localization of adenylate cyclase in thymocytes. AB - In almost all cell types, adenylate cyclase is located in the plasma membrane. In lymphocytes, however, this enzyme has been claimed to be largely present in intracellular compartments. In this study, the distribution of adenylate cyclase activity in subcellular fractions of calf thymocytes was reinvestigated by a balance sheet approach. When subcellular fractionation was performed in the absence of ATP and dithiothreitol, less than a half of the homogenate basal activity could be recovered in the fractions, and this amount was distributed almost equally in three main compartments: the plasma membrane fraction, the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions and the nuclear fraction. However, if enzyme activity in the above fractions was measured in the presence of the stimulatory agents NaF, guanylylimidophosphate or guanosine 5'-O-(3 thio)triphosphate, or if the subcellular fractionation was performed in media containing ATP and dithiothreitol, the overall recovered activity greatly increased (up to 90%) and the distribution was shifted in favour of the plasma membrane fraction (up to 65% of the recovered activity). The adenylate cyclase properties were similar in all fractions. The ionophore alamethicin did not alter the subcellular distribution of the enzyme. The localization of adenylate cyclase in thymocytes thus appears to be primarily, if not uniquely, in the plasma membrane, as generally found in other cell types. PMID- 6966160 TI - Effect of tunicamycin on the turnover of epidermal growth factor receptors in cultured calf aorta smooth muscle cells. Comparison with IMR-90 human lung fibroblasts. AB - Treatment of cultured calf aorta smooth muscle cells with tunicamycin, a potent inhibitor of dolichol-mediated glycosylation, resulted in progressive loss of receptors for epidermal growth factor with 50% of receptors lost after 6 h. Receptor half-life was also 6 h with cycloheximide treatment but was 12 h with either actinomycin D or camptothesin treatment. The epidermal growth factor induced processing (internalization and/or degradation) of residual receptors remaining after tunicamycin treatment appeared to be unaltered. 50% decrease in 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor binding was observed also with IMR-90 fibroblasts upon 6 h treatment with tunicamycin, although these cells were less sensitive to inhibition by tunicamycin of glycosylation and protein synthesis. PMID- 6966162 TI - [Effect of deuteration on the kinetics of photoinduced electron transport in the reaction centers of purple bacteria]. AB - Substitution of H2O for D2O in the preparations of reaction centres from chromatophore membranes of photosynthesizing bacteria Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, 1760-1 results in a decrease of the efficiency of direct electron transfer from photoreduced primary quinone X1- to the secondary ones and in rising possibilities for reversible reaction X1- with photooxidized bacteriochlorophyll. The value of isotope effect which does not usually exceed 1.2 depends on temperature; it is not found in the temperature range below -60 degrees divided by -80 degrees C. PMID- 6966163 TI - [New data on the heterogeneity of retinal rod photoreceptors membranes]. PMID- 6966165 TI - Inhibition of the active E-rosette-forming T lymphocytes by a mesenchyme associated antigen. AB - Using the active E-rosette method, we have obtained evidence for the inhibition of their formation by a mesenchyme associated antigen (MAA) which was found in human tumors. After incubation of lymphocytes with MAA, the active E-rosette percentage in 28 healthy donors fell from 22.4 +/- 3.5 to 11.3 +/- 2.8. This inhibition was studied for different concentrations of MAA and remained significant for 22.5 microgram/ml. In vivo implication of this inhibition is discussed. PMID- 6966164 TI - Electrophoretic mobility of peripheral non-B human Fc gamma-receptors bearing lymphocytes. AB - The electrophoretic mobilities of separated "null" lymphocytes and of null and T cells bearing receptors for the fragment of immunoglobulins (Fc) portion of IgG have been studied in normal human blood. The data have been compared with those of other circulating subsets and with more conventional marker techniques. A large proportion of B cells was removed by nylon wool adherence. Further purification of the effluent cells separated 3 non-B populations using the property of sheep's red blood cells to form 2 types of rosettes with T cells on the basis of their relative affinity: "active" rosettes, and low affinity E rosettes. A population of "null" cells was obtained which was effluent of the nylon wool column and non rosette-forming cells with SRBC (E-RFC). The average purity of this population was 85%; it was found to contain an increased proportion of rosette-forming cells with IgG coated erythrocytes (EA-IgG RFC) (41.3 +/- 10.4% vs. 11.9 +/- 3.8% in the total population) and exhibited high spontaneous incorporation of thymidine but low response to mitogens. The "null" cell population and its erythrocyte-antibody complex-rosette forming cells (EA RFC) exhibited a defined electrophoretic mobility, centered between 1.05 and 1.15 micrometer. sec-1. v-1. cm in NaCl 0.145 M. The T populations, defined as ERFC, possessed different electrophoretic mobilities, and contained different proportions of Fc gamma receptor-bearing cells. Possessing an e. m. generally greater than 1.15 micrometer. sec-1. v-1. cm., high affinity "active" rosettes did not appear to contain EA-RFC, while the low affinity ERFC contained 18% (8 to 33) EA (IgG) RFC, and had an e.m. comprised between 1.00 and 1.15 micrometer. sec 1. v-1. cm. The presence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was found to correlate with EA-RFC: mainly in EA-RFC of the "null" cells, but also to a lesser extent in EA-RFC of the low affinity ERFC. In normal human blood, these non-B Fc gamma receptor bearing cells appeared to possess a comparable electrophoretic mobility centered between 1.05 and 1.15 micrometer. sec-1. v-1. cm. in the "null" and low affinity ERFC subsets. PMID- 6966166 TI - [Effect of thymosin on human lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro]. AB - The incubation of healthy donors peripheral blood lymphocytes with thymosin was shown to increase the content of high avide "active" lymphocytes bearing receptors for SRBC, lymphocytes bearing receptors for C(2) component of complement and for Fc-portion of immunoglobulins. The proportion of cap-forming Ig-positive lymphocytes was shown to increase too. The role of T and B lymphocyte subpopulations and their precursors as thymosin action target cells is discussed. PMID- 6966167 TI - [Assessment of the immunohistological state of the lymph nodes regional to a tumor]. AB - Immunoreactivity of lymph nodes regional to the tumour was studied in 22 patients with melanoma. T and B lymphocytes were detected by means of the blast transformation, rosette-formation tests and by immunofluorescence. Lymphocytes were collected from one half of the lymph node, whereas the other half was subjected to histological studies. The results obtained indicate that the functional activity of regional lymph nodes correlates well with morhological findings. PMID- 6966168 TI - [Mitogenic action of the murine serum factor to isologous aggregated immunoglobulins on splenic cell proliferation]. AB - The authors studied the action of the mouse serum (MAAS) taken 6 days after isologous aggregated immunoglobulin injection on proliferation of spleen cells in vitro. MAAS was shown to exert a slight stimulant action on spleen cells at concentrations 1:40-1:60 with the peak reached after 48 hours. At these concentrations MAAS also potentiated cellular response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concavalin A (Con A). The response to Con A was more pronounced, that suggests its reaction with Fc receptor-bearing cells as MAAS probably interacts with Fc receptors. The nature of the MAAS factor and its possible identity with the factor formed during the treatment of the cells in vitro with the aggregated immunoglobulin are discussed. The results obtained are in accordance with the earlier hypothesis that the role of MAAS in antitumour and grafit immunity might be connected with the mitogeneic activity of the serum. PMID- 6966169 TI - Massive bleeding from large bowel. PMID- 6966171 TI - Assessment of iron deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6966170 TI - Emission and transmission brain tomography. AB - Comparative emission and transmission brain tomograms were obtained in 209 patients to establish the diagnostic accuracy of a new emission tomographic scanner in detecting space-occupying disease in the brain. Concordant results were obtained in 169 patients (81%). Computed transmission tomography (transmission CT) yielded an overall rate of false-positive results of 0.48% and a false-negative rate of 6%. Emission CT yielded a false-positive rate of 0% and false-negative rates of 2.4% for malignant disease and 10% for vascular disease. The higher rate of false-negative results for vascular disease with emission CT occurs because transmission CT can detect old infarction. The rates of detection of recent vascular disease with emission and trnasmission CT are identical. Thus emission CT is highly sensitive in detecting space-occupying disease in the brain. It represents an ideal screening procedure. PMID- 6966172 TI - Raised blood urea concentration indicates considerable blood loss in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 6966173 TI - Opiate peptides, analgesia, and the neuroendocrine system. PMID- 6966174 TI - Motor neurone disease. PMID- 6966175 TI - Urine culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in men. AB - Urine samples were collected from 248 men, 21 of whom were known contacts of women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis. This organism was cultured from only three of the 21 specimens from patients in the contact group. The cultural technique was shown to be capable of reliably detecting small numbers of organisms under practical conditions; it appears, therefore, that most male contacts shed relatively few trichomonads and that the infective dose for women must be correspondingly small. PMID- 6966176 TI - Intrahypothalamic terminals of stress conducting fibers. AB - Surgical stress did not elevate plasma corticosterone level in rats with bilateral surgical transection of the lateral retrochiasmatic area (RCAL). After RCAL transections light and electron microscopic terminal degeneration was observed in both the external and the internal layers of the median eminence as well as in the arcuate and ventromedial nuclei. Incisions lateral to the medial forebrain bundle did not prevent the stress-induced rise in plasma corticosterone level and were not followed by degeneration in the median eminence. Transection of the medial forebrain bundle rostral or caudal to the RCAL caused degeneration in both the median eminence and the arcuate nucleus. PMID- 6966177 TI - The spontaneous firing patterns of forebrain neurons. V. Time course of changes in caudate unit activity following dopamine-depleting lesions. AB - The effects of unilateral medial forebrain bundle ("MFB") lesions on the spontaneous firing patterns of caudate neurons on both sides of the brain in cats were studied 3 days, 7 days and more than 2 weeks postlesion. Our results indicate that: (1) the spontaneous firing of neurons in the caudate nucleus ipsilateral to the lesion slows significantly by 3 days postlesion and returns to control values by 7 days postlesion, (2) the spontaneous activity of contralateral caudate neurons slows progressively with postlesion time and (3) these changes in neural activity are not correlated with changes in dopamine concentrations in the caudate nucleus. PMID- 6966178 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in mastocytosis. PMID- 6966179 TI - Hemophilus vaginalis bacteremia. AB - During 1975--77 Hemophilus vaginalis bacteremia occurred post partum in eight previously healthy women. Seven had been admitted for delivery at term and one because of threatened abortion. Six underwent cesarean section. Post-partum pyrexia and neutrophilia were the main features. All the patients recovered uneventfully while receiving antibiotics. H. vaginalis is an infrequent agent of bacteremia; it affects predominantly women after obstetric trauma. PMID- 6966180 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: temporal changes in numbers of T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6966182 TI - Comparison of immune derangements in patients with different malignancies. AB - Immune function was evaluated in 109 patients with carcinoma of the breast, bladder, head and neck, and lung. Patients with head and neck cancer showed the most profound derangements of immune function; patients with lung cancer showed no detectable abnormalities. Non-irradiated patients with disseminated head and neck cancer had significantly depressed lymphocyte counts (mean 1357/mm3, P less than .05), E-rosette forming cells (mean 770/mm3, P less than .05), and response to phytohemagglutinin (P less than .05) as compared to controls. This immunodeficiency was detected in patients with localized as well as advanced disease. Although significant differences were noted between patients with head and neck cancer and the other tumors, these differences were minimized by radiation therapy. All irradiated patients showed comparable degrees of immune dysfunction. Absolute Fc-receptor cells were depressed in all irradiated patients and in non-irradiated patients with disseminated breast cancer. PMID- 6966181 TI - Lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia with convoluted nuclei: the question of its relation to the T-cell lineage studied in 13 patients. AB - This work is devoted to the analysis of the nature of lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia with convoluted nuclei which were initially described by Barcos and Lukes. Ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunologic features of tumor cells were investigated in patients chosen according to known morphologic criteria. Through results of the E rosette test, the patients were divided into two groups (E+ and E-). In the E+ group, the predominant features were sex (only men), the mediastinal localization, and the focal positivity of the acid phosphatase reaction. Cytotoxicity tests with rabbit antihuman T-lymphocyte anti-serum confirmed the results of the E rosette test in the 3 patients of the E+ group who were tested and were also positive in 2 patients from the E- group (1 of these 2 patients had the characteristics found in the E+ group and can thus be related to this group; the other patient had none of these characteristics). This raises the question of a leukemia arising from a less differentiated T-cell but this interpretation is limited by the specificity of the anti-T-serum. Ultrastructural study defines more precisely the convoluted aspect but does not at present allow a distinction between the two groups. PMID- 6966183 TI - Induction of cytotoxic factors by immunization of mice with Freund's adjuvant components. AB - Antiidiotypic antibody (AIA) was raised in mice by immunization with MOPC 315 immunoglobulin A emulsified in Freund's adjuvant (FA). The antibody content of mouse serum was assessed by (a) its ability to inhibit rosetting of 2,4,6 trinitro-phenyl-sheep red blood cells around MOPC 315 myeloma cells, and (b) by a solid phase antigen-binding plate assay based on reactivity with 125I-Protein A and inhibition in the presence of dinitrophenyl aminocaproic acid. FA was necessary for the production of AIA to MOPC 315 immunoglobulin A. Some of the AIA containing mouse sera were cytotoxic for MOPC 315 cells in the presence of guinea pig complement. However, cytotoxicity was not correlated with amount of AIA, as assessed by inhibition of rosette formation, nor was it specific for myeloma cells bearing the MOPC 315 idiotype. Furthermore, cytotoxicity could also be generated by immunization of mice with complete Freund's adjuvant, incomplete Freund's adjuvant, or the muramyl dipeptide portion of mycobacteria, all in the absence of MOPC 315 immunoglobulin A. Therefore, the complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies in the AIA-containing antisera, which belonged to the immunoglobulin G and M classes, were likely directed against some component of FA. Myeloma cells which were not killed by anti-FA antiserum, as assessed by dye exclusion, were inhibited in their ability to secrete immunoglobulin and to form clones in agar. PMID- 6966185 TI - T- and B-cell-independent activation of syngeneic macrophages by murine sarcoma cells. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages were achieved by cocultivation with syngeneic sarcoma cells. The tumor cells died progressively during the cocultivation, leaving highly activated marcophages. Because of great changes in macrophage morphology during the activation, special efforts were made to identify the activated cells as macrophages by their ability to phagocytose latex and to bind opsonized sheep red cells to C3 and Fc receptors and by indirect immunofluorescence with an antimacrophage antiserum. Activation was evaluated by morphology and incorporation of [14C]glucosamine. The activation was found to be independent of the presence of T-cells, B-cells, and immunoglobulin bound to tumor cell surfaces. This was shown by removal of T-cells from the system by treatment with anti-theta and complement and by use of nude mice as the macrophage source and for tumor maintenance. Similarly, B-cells were removed by treatment with anti-immunoglobulin and complement as well as adherence to anti immunoglobulin-coated plastic dishes. Immunoglobulin bound to tumor cells was removed by trypsinization and by elution at low pH. Culture supernatants from tumor cells and cell-free tumor ascites fluid also induced some activation of the macrophages. This activation differed from the coculture activation in both the extent and kinetics of morphological changes and gave only a small increase in [14C]glucosamine incorporation. PMID- 6966184 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a lymphocyte-inhibitory factor(s) in ascitic fluids from ovarian cancer patients. PMID- 6966186 TI - The use of computed tomography in the diagnosis of coronary artery bypass graft patency. AB - In a preliminary evaluation of the use of dynamic computed tomography (CT) for the detection of patent aortocoronary bypass grafts, 30 patients were scanned either during the early postoperative period or after graft patency was determined by angiography. To visualize the proximal grafts, CT scans were taken through the aortic root following an intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium. Patent bypass grafts to the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries were demonstrated in 77.5%, while posterior grafts to the circumflex and obtuse marginal coronary arteries were detected in 40%. With its potential for extracting dynamic events, CT scanning provides a new, noninvasive modality for the diagnosis of patent bypass grafts, which heretofore have only been visualized by selective angiography. PMID- 6966187 TI - The proliferative state of granulocytic progenitor cells in human blood and marrow. AB - A double layer agar technique was used to investigate the proliferative state of granulocytic progenitor cells (Colony Forming Units in Culture; CFUc) in human peripheral blood and bone marrow. The sensitivity of the progenitor cells to the S-phase specific agent, hydroxyurea, was used as an index of the proportion of cells engaged in DNA synthesis. In the presence of low concentrations of colony stimulating factor (CSF) the CFUc were found to be virtually insensitive to the drug. However, when cultured in the presence of increasing concentrations of CSF the proportion of CFUc apparently killed by hydroxyurea increased to a maximum of 23% for those cells in the blood and 39% for those in the marrow. The results indicate that CFUc which are slowly proliferating are sensitive to low concentrations of CSF. In contrast, those CFUc which are proliferating more rapidly require high concentrations of CSF before they will form colonies in culture. A model has been devised which suggests that as CFUc mature, their cell cycle time shortens and their sensitivity to CSF decreases. PMID- 6966188 TI - Stimulation of lymphocytes from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patients by defined measles virus antigens. PMID- 6966190 TI - Continued growth of functional human T lymphocytes: production of human T-cell growth factor. PMID- 6966189 TI - Separation of human lymphocyte subpopulations by density gradient electrophoresis. I. Different mobilities of T (T mu, T alpha) and B lymphocytes from human tonsils. PMID- 6966191 TI - Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation with and without reperfusion for myocardial infarction shock. AB - Forty patients were treated for cardiogenic shock secondary to acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-one (group 1) were treated with intraaortic balloon counterpulsation and 19 (group 2) were treated with counterpulsation and coronary artery bypass grafting. The groups were similar in age, incidence of previous infarction, initial hemodynamics and coronary anatomy. The in-hospital mortality between group 1 (52.4%) and group 2 (42.1%) was not significantly different. The difference in long-term mortality between group 1 and group 2 was substantially different (71.4% vs 47.3%). The subset of group 2 (n = 12) that underwent reperfusion and counterpulsation within 16 hours from the onset of symptoms of infarction had a lower mortality (25.0%) than the subset (n = 7) that underwent operation more than 18 hours after the onset of symptoms (71.4%). The long-term mortality in the subset of group 2 patients operated on within 16 hours after the onset of infarction was significantly different from that in group 1 (25.0% vs 71.4%, p less than 0.03). The data suggest that reperfusion with counterpulsation is more effective when carried out early. Patients who develop shock more than 18 hours after the onset of symptoms of infarction appear to benefit most if treated with counterpulsation alone. PMID- 6966193 TI - Effect of medical vs surgical treatment on symptoms in stable angina pectoris. PMID- 6966192 TI - Previously undiagnosed variant angina as a cause of chest pain after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Variant angina was diagnosed after coronary artery bypass surgery in six patients over a 22-month period. Although all six patients had at least occasional angina at rest preoperatively, all but one had predominantly exertional angina. After surgery, rest angina with transient ST-segment elevation appeared in all six after an asymptomatic interval of 1 week to 4 years. In two patients the involved artery had not been bypassed, in two patients it was perfused by a patent graft and in two patients the graft to the involved vessel was occluded. Treatment with calcium antagonist drugs (four cases) or isosorbide dinitrate (one case) eliminated symptoms; one patient spontaneously became asymptomatic. The diagnosis of variant angina should be considered when rest angina occurs after bypass surgery, particularly if exertional angina is absent and grafts are patent. PMID- 6966194 TI - Plasma methotrexate as determined by liquid chromatography, enzyme-inhibition assay, and radioimmunoassay after high-dose infusion. AB - Three techniques for measuring methotrexate show various cross reactivities with methotrexate-related compounds: "high-pressure" liquid chromatography, by principle, is virtually specific for methotrexate; the enzyme-inhibition assay quantitates methotrexate, methotrexate diglutamate, and methotrexate triglutamate equally well, but has a 10% cross reactivity with 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10 methylpteroic acid and 1% with 7-hydroxymethotrexate; radioimmunoassay shows an equal cross reactivity with methotrexate, 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroic acid, methotrexate diglutamate and triglutamate, and a 5 to 10% cross reactivity with 7 hydroxymethotrexate. Radioimmunoassay almost always yielded the highest values for methotrexate, followed by enzyme-inhibition assay then liquid chromatography. The presence of two methotrexate-related compounds, 7-hydroxymethotrexate and 4 amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroic acid, was confirmed in human urine samples and quantitated in patients' plasma by liquid chromatography, the respective maximum plasma concentrations being 250 and 16 mumol/L. Materials cross reacting with methotrexate in radioimmunoassay of chromatographic fractions from plasma were also noted in fractions corresponding to methotrexate diglutamate and triglutamate peaks, in quantities estimated to be 47 and 30 nmol/L methotrexate equivalents, respectively. 7-Hydroxymethotrexate is eliminated more slowly than methotrexate and its production increases with dosages of methotrexate. PMID- 6966195 TI - Lysosomal acid phosphatase: activity and isoenzymes in separated normal human blood cells. AB - The present study was devised to investigate the activity and isoenzymes of lysosomal acid phosphatase in individual normal human blood cells, including the T- and B-population of lymphocytes, with the aim to contribute to the classification of haematopoietic neoplasias on the basis of cell specific isoenzyme patterns. Platelets, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes and T lymphocytes were isolated from blood by gradient centrifugation or immune adsorption. B-lymphocytes were obtained from human tonsils. After purity control and isolation of lysosomes the concentration of acid phosphatase was assayed using the conventional spectrophotometric method. Isoenzymes were separated by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide thin layer slabs. Monocytes revealed the highest activity with 14 mU/10(7) cells, about three times more than granulocytes. T-lymphocytes showed an activity of 2.85 mU/10(7) cells and B lymphocytes of 1.83 mU/10(7) CELLS. The lowest activity was found in platelets with 0.08 mU/10(7) cells. Granulocytes showed 12 isoenzyme bands, whilst the number for monocyte, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes and platelets were respectively 11, 12, 1 and 4 isoenzyme bands. Thus it became evident that the different blood cell populations can be distinguished on the basis of their acid phosphatase isoenzyme pattern. PMID- 6966196 TI - Mechanisms of regulation of cell-mediated immunity: anti-I-A alloantisera interfere with induction and expression of T-cell-mediated immunity to cell-bound antigen in vivo. PMID- 6966197 TI - Stimulation of human B lymphocytes by antibodies to IgM and IgG: functional evidence for the expression of IgG on B-lymphocyte surface membranes. PMID- 6966198 TI - Pathology and tumor incidence in aged Lewis and BN rats. PMID- 6966199 TI - Inability of T cells from mice with the CBA/N B-cell defect to amplify polyclonal B-cell responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6966201 TI - The natural occurence of circulating idiotype--anti-idiotype complexes during a secondary immune response to phosphorylcholine. PMID- 6966200 TI - Accessory cell requirement in the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to hemocyanin. PMID- 6966202 TI - Virus-lymphocyte interactions: infection of Tg and Tm subsets by measles virus. PMID- 6966204 TI - Lymphohemopoietic origin of the immunogenic, virus-antigen-presenting cells triggering anti-viral T-cell responses. PMID- 6966205 TI - A comparison of the mechanism of T-cell depression following radiotherapy or surgery for stage III breast cancer. PMID- 6966203 TI - Stimulation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in vitro by hapten reactive helper T lymphocytes and the allogeneic effect. PMID- 6966206 TI - [Immunological studies of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in juvenile guinea pigs. T cell subpopulations of peripheral blood and local infiltrating cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966207 TI - Tc-99m-phosphate bone imaging in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6966208 TI - Vincristine overdose. PMID- 6966209 TI - Portosystemic shunt for variceal bleeding. PMID- 6966210 TI - Immunoelectron-microscopic characterization of lymphoid microenvironments in the lymph node and thymus. PMID- 6966211 TI - Adherence of lymphocytes to the high endothelium of lymph nodes in vitro. PMID- 6966212 TI - Antral vascular lesion, achlorhydria, and chronic gastrointestinal blood loss: response to steroids. AB - A 72-year-old female gave a history of chronic gastrointestinal blood loss necessitating transfusion with over 90 units of blood despite continuous oral iron therapy over a period of 24 years. Gastroscopic appearances were very similar to those recently described by Lewis and by Wheeler in patients with submucosal angiomatous lesions and chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. Striking erythematous streaks radiated from the pylorus and were confined to the antrum. In our case complete achlorhydria to pentagastrin was associated with low serum and antral gastrin concentrations. The introduction of oral prednisolone was followed by a marked fall in the rate of gastrointestinal blood loss, removing the need for transfusion during the following year. Complete achlorhydria persisted and endoscopic appearances remained unchanged, but there was a marked rise in antral and serum gastrin concentrations. The possible modes of action of prednisolone in this case are discussed. The patient remains well in November 1979. The dose of prednisolone was reduced to 10 mg on alternate days in May 1979. Iron supplements have been continued but no transfusion has been required since the start of steroid therapy. The hemoglobin has gradually risen to 14.9 g/dl. PMID- 6966213 TI - Computer tomography of the skull and brain in evaluation of neuropediatric problems. Experiences and viewpoints. Part I. AB - The impact of CT on the evaluation of morphological brain abnormalities, such as congenital malformations, hydrocephalus, atrophic conditions, vascular and traumatic lesions, is elucidated on the basis of a consecutive series of examinations and illustrated by typical cases. Views on the examination technique and the usefulness of contrast enhancement in certain situations are given. The greatly reduced need for conventional neuroradiological procedures is commented upon. PMID- 6966214 TI - [Gastrointestinal blood loss in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 6966215 TI - The babinski sign in Nigerian neonates and young infants. PMID- 6966216 TI - Some aspects of rheumatoid disease in Uganda. PMID- 6966218 TI - Formation and dissociation of the covalent complexes between trypsin and two homologous inhibitors, alpha 1-antitrypsin and antithrombin III. AB - The mechanisms by which alpha 1-antitrypsin and antithrombin III inhibit trypsin were investigated by chemical stability studies and amino acid sequence analyses of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes. One-to-one covalently linked complexes were formed between each of the inhibitors and trypsin. The complexes were stable over the course of the experiments at pH 8 or lower, and benzamidine, hydroxylamine, thiols, guanidine, or dodecyl sulfate had no apparent effect on the stability of the complexes. The complexes dissociated slowly at pH 9 or greater. Neither of the inhibitors was active after dissociation from its complex with trypsin. Sequence analysis indicated that no new amino terminus was generated when alpha 1 antitrypsin formed its complex with trypsin, but that two new amino termini were formed in approximately one-to-one ratio when the complex dissociated. This may indicate that alpha 1-antitrypsin contains two inhibitory sites for trypsin in close spatial proximity on the molecule. PMID- 6966217 TI - Effect of chronic alcohol ingestion on the biosynthesis of steroids in rat testicular homogenate in vitro. AB - The activity and kinetics of delta 5-3 beta-dehydrogenase and 17 alpha hydroxylase, using labeled pregnenolone as substrate, were measured in gonadal homogenates from rats fed alcohol or isocalorically substituted carbohydrate for 40 days. There was no difference in the rate or reaction kinetics for either enzyme noted between control and alcohol-treated animals when the assays were carried out in the presence of saturating amounts of exogenous pyridine nucleotide cofactors. However, when exogenous cofactors were omitted from the reaction mixture, there was decreased activity of the delta 5-3 beta dehydrogenase system and increased activity of the 17 alpha-hydroxylase reaction. Furthermore, a cofactor-specific inhibiting effect on delta 5-3 beta dehydrogenase activity by NADH and NADPH was found. Incubation of gonadal homogenates from the alcohol-treated animals with pyruvate on lactate (in the absence of exogenous cofactors) resulted in an increase and a decrease, respectively, in enzyme activity. These studies indicate that chronic alcohol use decreases gonadal delta 5-3 beta-dehydrogenase activity and that this is most likely due to an effect of the agent on the concentration and/or availability of pyridine nucleotide cofactors rather than to a direct effect on the enzyme. This phenomenon may account for the mechanism by which alcohol decreases testosterone secretion in these animals. PMID- 6966219 TI - A critical appraisal of neuromuscular stimulation and electrotherapy in neurorehabilitation. AB - The problems of neuromuscular electrostimulation in patients affected by central or peripheral nervous system chronic lesions have been analysed during an interdisciplinary meeting held in Pavia on Dec. 9, 1978 and evolved to the discussion of two previous workshops concerning the same topic. The effective value of functional electrical stimulation, especially for the lower limbs, seems to be proved in some patients with upper motor neuron lesions. However, a clear definition of patient selection criteria has not been given yet, while a comparison with the results with vibratory techniques is still be carried out. With regard to the so-called electrotherapy of denervated muscles. it has been stressed that the trophic state can also be promoted by vibratory mechanical stimulation while the electrical stimulation could partly reduce the diffuse type of membrane excitability present in the devervated muscle fibres; this effect might interfere negatively with the process of collateral nerve sprouting. PMID- 6966220 TI - Stimulating effect of triiodothyronine on cell-mediated immunity. AB - The effects in vitro and in vivo of triiodothyronine on certain functions of human lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear granulocytes have been investigated. Triiodothyronine was able to enhance the phagocytic capacity and chemiluminescent activity of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. PHA-P-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes was significantly increased in the presence of triiodothyronine. A concentration-dependent enhancing effect of triiodothyronine on antibody-dependent enhancing effect of triiodothyronine on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was also observed. PMID- 6966221 TI - Modification of human serum albumin binding of methotrexate by folinic acid and certain drugs used in cancer chemotherapy. AB - The binding of methotrexate (MTX) and citrovorum factor (CF) to human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated. The affinity constant for MTX was 820 M-1, with 2 binding sites, and for CF 2340 M-1, with 1.5 binding sites. MTX and CF, which are used together in high dose therapy, compete for HSA binding. Competition for HSA binding between MTX and adriamycin, bleomycin and cyclophosphamide, drugs often used in association with MTX in cancer chemotherapy, was also demonstrated. The clinical importance of such competition depends on the drug/protein concentration ratio which is extremely variable. PMID- 6966222 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin and to H-2 inhibit the cross-reactive cytotoxic T cell populations induced by influenza. AB - The target antigens recognized by the cross-reactive population of cytotoxic T cells on A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) influenza virus-infected cells was studied with monoclonal antibodies to the H-2k antigen and viral hemagglutinin. The cytotoxic killing of virus-infected cells was differentially inhibited by three monoclonal antibodies to H-2k. Synergistic inhibition of cytotoxic activity was obtained with monoclonal antibodies to H-2 and to some antigenic determinants on the hemagglutinin melecule of A/USSR but not with others. Since target cells infected with other subtypes of influenza A viruses were not inhibited by any of the monoclonal antibodies to A/USSR hemagglutinin, it is suggested that the sites recognized by the cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells were sterically inhibited by the anti-A/USSR monoclonal antibodies. The results suggest that at least one of the target antigens recognized by the cross-reactive population of cytotoxic T cells is located on the hemagglutinin molecule. The present observations are in agreement with cytotoxic T cell recognition of closely situated viral and H-2 determinants. PMID- 6966223 TI - H-2 gene products influence susceptibility of target thyroid gland to damage in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - The restriction of the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) by H-2 gene products was investigated. EAT was induced by injecting thyroglobulin extract plus adjuvant into F1 hybrid mice that had been implanted under the kidney capsules with thyroid glands originating from either the EAT-susceptible or -resistant parental strain mice. We found relative H-2 restriction of thyroid damage to those glands originating from the H-2 susceptible parental strain. H-2 restriction of damage at the level of the target thyroid gland implicates cytotoxic effector T lymphocytes as a pathogenic agent of EAT. PMID- 6966224 TI - Development of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors in the absence of the thymus. PMID- 6966225 TI - Mechanism of T cell activation. I. A screening of "step one" ligands. PMID- 6966226 TI - Dipetalonema viteae: microfilariae production in various mouse strains and in nude mice. PMID- 6966227 TI - Plasmodium chabaudi: humoral and cell-mediated responses of immunized mice. PMID- 6966228 TI - Determination of odour affinities based on the dose-response relationships of the frog's electro-olfactogram. AB - Electro-olfactograms (EOG's) recorded from the frog's olfactory epithelium for 11 substances were used to calculate dissociation constants which in turn serve as an index for the affinity between odorant and receptor site. These constants were calculated with and without a correction for the odour partition between water and air. For a homologous series of 7 n-alcohols these values decrease up to 1 heptanol. The dose-response relationships were based on the peaks of the EOG's since the peak/plateau-ratio was concentration-dependent for some of the substances. PMID- 6966230 TI - Chemotactically induced increase in the membrane potential of spheroplasts of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. PMID- 6966229 TI - Effect of temperature and light on the production of androgens in the male Rana esculenta. AB - The present data show that experimentally-controlled environmental variables (light and temperature) can alter circulating androgen levels in the male green frog, Rana esculenta, treated in different phases of the testicular cycle. PMID- 6966231 TI - The effect of high intensity ultraviolet irradiation on nucleic acids and their components. Cleavage of N-glycosidic bond in thymidine, adenosine and 2' deoxyadenosine. PMID- 6966232 TI - [Prophylactic inoculations against tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6966233 TI - [Treatment of enuresis in children with sinusoidal modulated currents]. PMID- 6966234 TI - Ontogeny of spontaneous rosette forming cells in mice against syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic erythrocytes. PMID- 6966236 TI - Detecting plaque forming cells in frog bone marrow. PMID- 6966235 TI - Ontogeny of T and B lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen of guinea pigs. PMID- 6966237 TI - Lymphocyte reactivity to "T" and "B" cell mitogens in Xenopus laevis: studies on thymus and spleen. PMID- 6966238 TI - Changes in mineral metabolism in the human foetus and newborns associated with maternal vitamin D supplements [proceedings]. PMID- 6966239 TI - Studies on the induction of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism in the guinea pig [proceedings]. PMID- 6966240 TI - Localization of the reaction-centre subunits in the intracytoplasmic membranes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata [proceedings]. PMID- 6966241 TI - Thyroxine stimulation of tadpole liver histone phosphorylation in vivo. PMID- 6966242 TI - A fast block to polyspermy in frogs mediated by changes in the membrane potential. PMID- 6966245 TI - [Aortocoronary shunt in multiple arteriosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries]. PMID- 6966243 TI - Effect of 16-16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 on ulceration of isolated amphibian gastric mucosa. AB - In order to investigate the cytoprotective action of 16-16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 (16-16D), we studied its effect on sacs of isolated amphibian gastric mucosa known to ulcerate with high frequency in the absence of nutrient HCO3-. The actions of 16-16D, 2.85 X 10(-6) M, were also studied in an in vitro chamber. The incidence of ulceration in HCO3- -free nutrient media containing 10(-4) M histamine was significantly reduced by 16-16D. When artificial gastric juice (AGJ) was instilled into the lumen of the sac, protection occurred only after a pretreatment period of 60 min. Cytoprotection was not observed when active secretion of H+ was inhibited with 10(-3) M metiamide, and AGJ was placed in the lumen of the sac. In open sheets of fundus stimulated with 10(-4) M histamine, 16 16D did not influence H+ secretion. Isc was significantly higher than in control tissues. We conclude that 16-16D is cytoprotective in amphibian gastric mucosa by an action independent of changes in acid secretion or in blood flow. In addition, our studies suggest that 16-16D may increase the availability to the surface cells of nutrient HCO3- produced by actively secreting oxyntic cells. PMID- 6966244 TI - [Exposure of the posterior surface of the heart during shunting of the left circumflex artery and its branches]. PMID- 6966246 TI - [State and prespectives of development of methods of surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6966247 TI - [Early results after surgical treatment of acquired heart valve defects]. PMID- 6966249 TI - [Infantile inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis]. AB - An arthritic illness in children may be the expression of quite different underlying conditions. The cause must be searched for by history, clinical examination, and careful consideration of the differential diagnosis. The most important types of arthritis are discussed along with the relevant diagnostic procedures. PMID- 6966248 TI - [Therapy in neurology. 5. Physical-gymnastic therapy of spinal diseases (LWS--BWS -HWS)]. PMID- 6966250 TI - HLA-A, B, C, DR alleles in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - HLA markers (A, B, C, DR loci) were determined for the members of 52 unrelated families with at least one child suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency, permitting genotyping. The gene frequencies of the 52 index cases were compared with those obtained from the patients' normal haplotypes and with those of a control reference panel. No significant differences were observed, except a clear decrease in the frequency of HLA-B8 among the haplotypes that carry the gene for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 6966251 TI - Epidemiology of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in the Netherlands. AB - During a 3-year period, newborns in the eastern part of the Netherlands were investigated for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Electroimmunoassay was used for screening, followed by Pi typing in suspected cases. In all 95 033 newborns were screened, and a mean frequency of deficiency (phenotypes Pi Z, Pi SZ, and Pi S) of 8.00 in 10 000 was found. The distribution of deficient Pi types over the area was remarkably uneven, Pi type Z being more predominant north and Pi type S south of the Rhine. Cluster areas of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, with frequencies of up to 59.6 in 10 000 live births, occurred mainly in small rural communities. In urbanized areas the frequency of deficiency was lower than the mean. PMID- 6966253 TI - Human primary T-cell lines in lectin-free media. AB - A method of establishing human T-cell lines in tissue culture media containing TCGF but not PHA is described. PBL, initially stimulated by PHA to produce TCGF, continue production for at least 48 hrs after the lectin has been washed off. The TCGF-conditioned medium initiates blast formation of T-cells from freshly isolated PBL and supports indefinite growth of the T-cell blasts from the primary PBL cultures and also from blast-cells obtained from clonally derived T-cell colonies grown in soft agar culture. The established cell lines are identified by cytochemical and biological means as belonging to the T-cell compartment and express spontaneous cytotoxicity against HeLa-cells. The continuously growing T cells are unable to produce TCGF and depend strictly on external supply of the growth factor. PHA by itself does not support T-cell growth in spite of its ability to elicit a mitogenic response in PBL-cultures. Thus two types of cells must be involved in the mitogenic event: (i) a TCGF-producer and (ii) a TCGF responder. PHA elicits in the former TCGF production and then TCGF in the later the mitogenic T-cell response. Therefore, not PHA but TCGF might be considered to be the T-cell mitogen. PMID- 6966252 TI - Specificity of an anti-murine B cell serum. AB - An antiserum (ABS) specific for murine B cells was prepared in rabbits by immunization with lymph node cells from nude mice as reported previously (1). To make the antiserum specific for antibody-forming cell precursors (AFCP) extensive absorption was required with mouse serum, erythrocytes and thymus cells. Even after ABS was no longer cytotoxic for thymus cells, further absorption with thymus cells was necessary to make it ineffective for plaque-forming cells (PFC). The correlation between cells bearing C3- or Fc-receptors and the cells bearing antigen(s) to which ABS reacts was studied. In the residual spleen cells treated with ABS and complement, there were some EAg and EAmCm rosette-forming cells. There were also some spleen cells reacting with ABS even after depletion of C3- and/or Fc-receptor-bearing cells. These results show that the antigen(s) to which ABS reacts could be a marker on B cells different from C3- or Fc-receptors. Spleen cells reacting with ABS were compared with cells bearing C3- or Fc receptors various days after birth. The cells sensitive to ABS increased in spleens earlier after birth than those with C3- or Fc-receptors. PMID- 6966254 TI - The role of macrophages in the activation of T-lymphocytes by concanavalin A. I. Macrophages support proliferation after commitment of lymphocytes. PMID- 6966255 TI - Renal vascular reactivity in the young spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The renal resistance vessels of the mature spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) exhibit increased reactivity to vasoconstrictor agonists. This could be a cause or consequence of hypertension. We have compared vascular reactivity in isolated perfused kidneys from 46-day-old SHR and from normotensive control rats. The amplitude of responses in kidneys from the SHR to angiotensin II, barium chloride, or norepinephrine was not different from the control. Therefore, increased reactivity of the renal vascular smooth muscle cannot be an early pathogenic mechanism in spontaneous hypertension. Responses evoked by 5 hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) were of a greater amplitude in the SHR than in the control kidney. However, this difference was due to an interaction of serotonin with the sympathetic nerves, as it was abolished by treatment of the rats with 6 hydroxydopamine. Responses induced by electrical stimulation of the renal sympathetic nerves were also of greater amplitude in SHR than in control kidneys, both before and after the blockade of norepinephrine disposition mechanisms. Nerve stimulation evoked a greater efflux of endogenous norepinephrine from kidneys of the SHR than from those of control rats. Thus, the increased reactivity of the SHR kidney to renal nerve stimulation is due to an augmented release of endogenous norepinephrine. This could be an important factor in the early development of hypertension. PMID- 6966256 TI - The effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor on immunological parameters and experimental infections in mice. AB - The influence of PSK, a protein bound polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor on various immunological parameters was studied, PSK was found to enhance B cell activity as measured by the spleen plaque-forming cell assay in mice, and to stimulate mouse macrophages as determined by an enhancement of carbon clearance and an increase in the phagocytosis of opsonized sheep red blood cells by peritoneal mouse macrophages in vitro. The activation of mouse macrophages by PSK appeared to correlate with the therapeutic effects of the compound. In mice made granulocytopenic with cyclophosphamide and subsequently infected with a variety of garm-negative pathogens or with Candida albicans, PSK prolonged the average survival time of the animals. The compound also led to a drastic increase in the number of animals surviving such experimental infections as compared to untreated controls. Possible mechanisms responsible for these protective effects by PSK are discussed. PMID- 6966257 TI - A role for immune stimulation in the treatment of microbial infections? PMID- 6966258 TI - Lymphotoxins: selective cytotoxic effects. AB - Materials with lymphotoxin activity produced by lectin stimulated primary cultures of human lymphocytes enriched for T cells or B cells, as well as material obtained from established tissue culture lines of human lymphoid cells were tested for cytotoxicity towards a large number of primary cultures and established lines of human and animal cells. Highly selective effects were found. The patterns of responses to the various lymphotoxin preparations indicate heterogeneity not only among the different cell cultures but also among the lymphotoxin preparations. In addition to the heterogeneity of the various cell cultures in their responses to the lymphotoxin preparations, a spectrum of susceptibilities was also noted among clonal derivatives of the same parental lines. In quantitative terms the responses of the most resistant and the most susceptible cell cultures spanned approximately a 200-fold range. These findings could have bearing upon the mechanism of tumor evasion of host antitumor immunity. PMID- 6966259 TI - Effect of adult thymectomy on the development of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene contact sensitivity and other T lymphocyte functions in patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) contact sensitivity and other T lymphocyte functions were studied in thymectomized and non-thymectomized patients with myasthenia gravis. The ability to develop contact sensitivity was reduced in patients with myasthenia gravis and was further reduced after thymectomy. Memory lymphocyte function, as measured by skin tests with common microbial antigens, was intact. A positive phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test was found mainly in those patients who also developed contact sensitivity to DNCB. The number of rosette-forming T cells in the peripheral blood as well as mitogen stimulation with PHA was found to be normal in thymectomized as well as non-thymectomized patients. In the thymectomized group, mitogen stimulation with concanavalin A and staphylococcal protein A was also within the normal range, while increased stimulation was obtained with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and purified protein derivative (PPD). No alteration in mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity or immunoglobulin levels was obtained compared with healthy blood donors. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that non-thymectomized as well as thymectomized patients with myasthenia gravis may have a defective subpopulation of T cells possibly residing in the TH1-positive population. Furthermore, the increased lymphocyte stimulation obtained with PPD and PWM may indicate a reduction of suppressor cell activity after thymectomy. PMID- 6966260 TI - Reduction of a subset of T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG in lepromatous leprosy. AB - Enumeration of a subpopulation of T cells with receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (T gamma) in the peripheral blood of 14 normal subjects and 43 patients with leprosy was undertaken. Tuberculoid leprosy patients showed normal levels of T gamma cells. In contrast, bacillary positive patients with lepromatous leprosy revealed a significant reduction of circulating T gamma cells (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6966262 TI - Non-T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in MSV tumor-bearing mice. III. Macrophage mediated cytotoxicity against autochthonous MSV tumor-isolated target cells. AB - Cytotoxic macrophages have been isolated from Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) tumors induced in uncompromised, immunosuppressed and athymic nude mice. Macrophages from compromised mice were at least as active as those from uncompromised mice when tested against the autochthonous MSV target cells. Although both cytolytic and cytostatic activity could be demonstrated with all tumor-derived macrophages, cytostatic and cytolytic effects could be distinguished from each other only at high effector target-cell ratios. A variety of target cells were compared for sensitivity to the various tumor-associated macrophages. The autochthonous virus infected MSV-target cells appeared to be more sensitive to the macrophage effects than fastgrowing, established cell lines. Normal embryo fibroblasts were only slightly affected. Peritoneal exudate cells from tumor-bearers were much less active than either the tumor-isolated macrophages or bone-marrow culture-derived macrophages. Both were more active than control peritoneal cells. Although no quantitative or qualitative differences in macrophage activity could be detected in mice with regressing lesions and immuno-compromised mice with progressing lesions, the ratio of macrophages to "sarcoma" cells was three to five times higher in regressing tumors. PMID- 6966261 TI - Localization of 125I-labeled DNP-ficoll on lymphoid cells from the normal and defective hybrid progeny of CBA/N mice. PMID- 6966263 TI - Mutation and inactivation of cultured mammalian cells exposed to beams of accelerated heavy ions. IV. Biophysical interpretation. AB - A biophysical analysis is made of the results of recent experiments which used accelerated heavy ions of 20 to 470 keV micron-1 to induce inactivation and mutation (resistance to 6-thioguanine) in cultured V79 Chinese hamster cells and HF19 human diploid fibroblasts. It is shown that the discrete nature of the primary ions must be explicity taken into account before the numbers of induced lethal and mutagenic lesions can be deduced from the observed radiosensitivities. The measured numbers of lesions produced by the radiations of different LET are compared with the relative numbers predicted by various models of radiation action. The observations can be explained on the hypothesis that each lethal lesion is produced by a deposition of small energy (small number of ionizations) in a distance of about 3 nm. Two different lesions appear to be involved, one of which requires greater than or equal to 100 eV and is dominant with low-LET radiations, and the other requires greater than or equal to 300 eV and is dominant at high-LET. Similar conclusions may apply to mutagenic lesions except that the mechanism which dominates at high-LET requires significantly more than 300 eV. More precise assessments of the hypothesis and these numerical values must await detailed track structure calculations of the radiation on the nanometre scale. Alternative models which invoke 'accumulation of sublethal damage' or 'interaction between sublesions', over distances of the order of microns, do not provide a consistent explanation of the observations. This suggests that the frequently observed curvature of low-LET dose-responses is not due to interaction between sublesions but rather to some other mechanism such as a dose-dependent repair process. It is also shown that low velocity, high-LET ions produce an average of appreciably less than one lethal lesion in traversing the nucleus of the above mammalian cells; 90 keV micron-1 helium ions produce about 0.03-0.06 lethal lesions micron-1 of track through the nucleus of the cells of thickness about 7 microns. Some estimates are also made of the size of the nuclear region which is sensitive to the induction of mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance; it is concluded that this region extends beyond the DNA of the structural gene itself. PMID- 6966264 TI - An analysis of the interaction between two nitrosourea compounds and X-radiation in rat brain tumour cells. AB - Experimental measurements have shown that both BCNU [1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea] and CCNU [1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea] are toxic in rat 9L brain tumour cells and also sensitize these cells to the action of ionizing radiation. The interaction of BCNU and CCNU with radiation has been interpreted using a recently developed extension of the molecular theory of cell survival. The experimental results are shown to be compatible with the mathematical equations predicted by the model and the analysis indicates that the sensitizing effect is caused by a synergistic interaction between sublethal damage caused by the nitrosourea compound and the radiation at the molecular level. The analysis of the dependence of the interaction on the time between nitrosourea treatment and radiation indicates that the optimal interaction occurs with a 5 hour interval. PMID- 6966265 TI - Comparative effects of protracted exposures to 60Co gamma-radiation and 239Pu alpha-radiation on breeding performance in female mice.. AB - Breeding performances are compared of hybrid female mice given 239Pu (5 or 10 mu Cikg-1 body mass in 1% trisodium citrate via the tail-vein), or kept in a 10 rad/day or 20 rad/day 60Co gamma-irradiation field (but mated in the control area), or unirradiated. Ovarian dose-rates from the injected plutonium were initially 0.8 and 1.7 rad/day, changing little thereafter; actual gamma-ray dose rates to breeding females averaged around 8 and 16 rad/day respectively. Both gamma-ray treatments affected reproductive performance more than the plutonium injections, with respet to duration of fertility and to offspring per litter in successive 4-weekly periods, though overall mean litter-sizes were not significantly less than controls. The r.b.e. for these effects on reproduction, attributed to germ-cell killing, is about 2.5 for the alpha-particles vs. gamma rays, lower than for testis mass reduction in males. This low r.b.e. may be connected with inhomogeneity of alpha-particle dose within the ovary, but it is known that fission neutron versus gamma r.b.e.'s for impairment of female fertility are also lower than those for impairment of male fertility. PMID- 6966266 TI - The influence of pH on the survival after X-irradiation of cultured malignant cells. Effects of carbonylcyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone. AB - Irradiation of cultured murine mammary carcinoma (M 8013 S) cells during incubation in buffers of different pH showed a decrease in radiation sensitivity with lower pH. The presence of CCCP (carbonylcyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone) during incubation had no effect at pH values above 7.5, but at lower pH there was a marked increase in radiation sensitivity. The effects of CCCP are presumably related to its proton-conducting properties. PMID- 6966267 TI - Glutathione peroxidase: effect of superoxide, hydroxyl and bromine free radicals on enzyme activity. PMID- 6966268 TI - Enhanced killing of Chinese hamster cells by alpha-irradiation from plutonium-238 in the presence of cordycepin. PMID- 6966270 TI - Chromosome aberrations induced by low doses of X-rays in human lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 6966269 TI - In situ recovery from potentially lethal damage after irradiation with BEVALAC accelerated carbon ions. PMID- 6966271 TI - The carcinogenic effect of localized fission fragment irradiation of rat lung. AB - In a preliminary investigation of 'hot particle' carcinogenesis uranium oxide particles were introduced into the lungs of rats either by intubation of a liquid suspension of the particles or by inhalation of an aerosol. Subsequently the animals were briefly exposed to slow neutrons in a nuclear reactor, resulting in localized irradiation of the lung by fission fragments emitted from 235U atoms in the oxide particles. The uranium used in the intubation experiments was either enriched or depleted in 235U. Squamous cell carcinomas developed at the site of deposition of the enriched uranium oxide in many cases but no lung tumours occurred in the rats with the depleted uranium oxide, in which the lung tissue was exposed to very few fission fragments. Only enriched uranium oxide was used in the inhalation experiments. Pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas occurred after the fission fragment irradiation but were fewer than in the intubation experiments. Adenocarcinomas of the lung were seen in rats exposed to uranium oxide without subsequent irradiation by neutrons in the reactor and in rats irradiated with neutrons but not previously exposed to uranium oxide. It is concluded that (i) fission fragments were possibly implicated in the genesis of the squamous cell carcinomas, which only developed in those animals exposed to enriched uranium oxide and neutrons and (ii) the adenocarcinomas in the rats inhaling enriched uranium oxide only were likely to have been caused by protracted irradiation of the lung with alpha-rays emitted from the enriched uranium. PMID- 6966272 TI - Lack of oxygen effect in glutathione-deficient human cells in culture. AB - The frequency of X-ray-induced DNA breaks was determined in human cell lines which are deficient in glutathione synthetase and have a greatly reduced glutathione content. Hydroxyapatite chromatography was used for the estimation of the DNA breaks in cell cultures, which were derived either from lymphoblasts transformed by infection with EB virus or from fibroblasts. The dose-effect relationship for the induction of breaks when radiation exposure was made in argon, was similar to that found when exposure was made in air. In control cultures with normal glutathione content, the induction of breaks was enhanced when irradiation was made under aerobic, instead of anaerobic, conditions. Treatment of the glutathione-deficient cells with the hypoxic radiosensitizer misonidazole did not enhance the induction of breaks by radiation delivered either in air or in argon. In control cultures, radiation induction of breaks was enhanced by misonidazole under anaerobic but not under aerobic conditions. When the glutathione-deficient cells were pretreated with cysteamine however, irradiation in the absence of oxygen resulted in a decreased frequency of DNA breaks. PMID- 6966273 TI - Lesions in CBA mice from nanocurie amounts of 239Pu. PMID- 6966274 TI - Increased sensitivity of mammalian cells irradiated at high dose rates under oxic conditions. PMID- 6966275 TI - Effect of barbiturates on radiosensitivity of cells: a comparative study of electrophoretic mobility, colony forming ability and thymidine uptake on human amnion cells. PMID- 6966276 TI - Autophagy in frog visual cells in vitro. AB - Isolated frog retinas were incubated in a medium free of serum and amino acids under dim white incandescent light of 20 lux/m2. After 1, 2, 6, and 9 hr of incubation, six retinas at each time point were fixed for electron microscopic investigation. Histochemical staining of acid phosphatase was performed in control and experimental tissues. Autophagic vacuoles in visual cell inner segments were counted and compared with the incidence of vacuoles in control tissues. The ratio of newly formed: old autophagic vacuoles was assessed in incubated retinas, and the number of autophagic vacuoles per rod cell and per cone cell was evaluated. The results indicated that the number of autophagic vacuoles was significantly increased from 1 to 9 hr of incubation, the ratio of newly formed: old autophagic vacuoles was constant over this period, and the amount of autophagy occurring in rods and cones was similar. In a second group of experiments, retinas were incubated under the same conditions but at two different levels of illumination. One series of retinas was incubated in dim red incandescent light of 5 lux/m2, the other series was incubated at bright white fluorescent light of 300 lux/m2. The total numbers of autophagic vacuoles showed a consistent elevation of 20% in bright white light material as compared wot dim red light material. Autophagic vacuoles per cone were significantly higher in retinas incubated in white light than in retinas incubated in red light. Autophagic vacuoles per rod were about equal in both groups. Our observations indicated that visual cells contain an intracellular mechanism of degradation, which is increased under changed metabolic conditions and modified as a function of different levels of illumination. PMID- 6966277 TI - Traumatically acquired color vision defect. AB - A 24-year-old man acquired a color vision defect shortly after an accident in which he struck the back of his head. Results of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test showed that the patient had poor color discrimination in both eyes. His color matches on the Nagel anomaloscope suggested a red/green disturbance. Results from increment threshold testing demonstrated on absence of the blue mechanism. Results of field sensitivity measurements confirmed that foveal vision was mediated by the red or green mechanism. This case showed both similarities and differences to previously reported cases of acquired color vision defects secondary to cortical trauma. PMID- 6966278 TI - Electrohydraulic ureterolithotripsy. An experimental study. AB - Electrohydraulic lithotripsy was performed on ureteral calculi of various sizes and composition in 10 female mongrel dogs. Stones were successfully disintegrated in eight dogs with an overall 80 per cent success rate. Short- and long-term effects of the procedure on the ureter and the kidney are discussed. PMID- 6966279 TI - Properties of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors isolated by affinity chromatography on monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6966280 TI - Dissimilar modes of expression of beta- and gamma-actin in normal and leukemic human T lymphocytes. AB - Actin polypeptides are the most abundant protein components of replicating normal human T lymphocytes, comprising 16% of the total cellular protein. Unlike other replicating cell types which synthesize equal proportions of beta- and gamma actin polypeptides, T cells synthesize beta-actin as the predominant species. By contrast, leukemic T cells (the Molt-4 cell line) synthesize nearly equal proportions of beta- and gamma-actin. In addition, novel forms of beta-actin in normal T cells and of beta- and gamma-actin in Molt-4 cells appear to be present, perhaps resulting from a post-translational modification process. Otherwise, both divergent T cell types express a relatively common spectrum of polypeptide species, thereby suggesting that regulation of actin biosynthesis may be involved in the neoplastic transformation process. PMID- 6966282 TI - Studies on the oligosaccharide chains of human alpha 1-protease inhibitor. I. Isolation of glycopeptides. AB - Cyanogen bromide fragments of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (PI) were chromatographed on Sephadex G-75. Three fragments (CNBr-I, -II, and -III) contained carbohydrates with nearly the same composition, i.e. Man3, Gal2-3, (GlcNAc)4-5, and (NeuAc)2-3. These three fragments were digested with pronase, and the glycopeptides were purified by column chromatography on Sephadex G-50, Bio-Gel P-4, and DEAE-cellulose. The carbohydrate and amino acid compositions of the glycopeptides obtained by these treatments demonstrated that oligosaccharide side chains are attached to three asparaginyl residues which are located in separate regions of the polypeptide chain, and that the carbohydrate chains are made of two different carbohydrate compositions. The A-chain consists of Man3, Gal2, (GlcNAc)4, and (NeuAc)2, and the B-chain consists of Man3, Gal3, (GlcNAc)5, and (NeuAc)3. CNBr-III contained only A-type oligosaccharide while CNBr-II contained both A-type and B-type oligosaccharides in a ratio of about 2:1. CNBr I, derived from the NH2 terminus of PI, contained mainly A-type, but also some B type oligosaccharide. PMID- 6966281 TI - 31P NMR studies of intracellular free Mg2+ in intact frog skeletal muscle. PMID- 6966283 TI - Studies on the oligosaccharide chains of human alpha 1-protease inhibitor. II. Structure of oligosaccharides. AB - Human alpha 1-protease inhibitor has three oligosaccharide side chains attached to 3 separate asparaginyl residues of the protein by N-glycosyl linkages. Two of the three asparaginyl residues link mostly to the A-type oligosaccharide chains which consist of Man3, Gal2, (GlcNAc)4 and (NeuAc)2. One of the three asparaginyl residues also attaches to a B-type oligosaccharide chain, which consists of Man3, Gal3, (GlcNAc)5, and (NeuAc)3. The ratio of A-chain to B-chain in this particular position is about 2:1. The structures of A- and B-chains of the glycoprotein were examined by periodate oxidation, sequential glycosidase digestion, and permethylation. The results unequivocally revealed the following structure for A chains. (Formula: see text). B-type oligosaccharide chains have an additional trisaccharide, i.e. NeuAc 2 alpha leads to 3 Gal 1 beta leads to 4 GlcNAc attached to mannose at the (a) and/or (b) position of A-type chains by a beta 1 leads to 4 linkage. The sialic acid of human alpha 1-protease inhibitor was determined to be N-acetylneuraminic acid. PMID- 6966287 TI - Distinction between obstructive and atrophic dilatation of ventricles in children. AB - The computed tomography (CT) scans of 92 infants and children were reviewed. Thirty-three had proven atrophy, and 44 had proven obstructive hydrocephalus. Twelve CT measurements were made, and the results were subjected to computer analysis. The pathologic patients were divided into three groups by ventricular size index: mild (33--39%), moderate (40--46%), and severe (greater than 46%) enlargement. Obstructive patients showed much greater measurements for the temporal horn diameter and the frontal horn radius. The angle of the frontal horn was narrower in the obstructed group than in the atrophic patients. As expected, there were significantly more sulci visualized in the atrophic group than in the obstructed group. Three of these four parameters were directly related to concentric expansion of the ventricles in the presence of obstructive hydrocephalus. This is contrasted with passive dilatation of the ventricular system with preservation of the normal ventricular configuration in atrophy. The temporal horn diameter, frontal horn radius, the angle of the frontal horn, and the number of sulci all distinguish between obstruction and atrophy with individual probabilities of less than 0.05. When used together, they assure a high probability of separating obstruction from atrophy. Preliminary data suggest that these findings may have application in adults, but the number of confirmed observations has been too small for statistical analysis. PMID- 6966285 TI - The maturation state of three types of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells from mouse bone marrow. AB - The progenitor cells of neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages which are able to proliferate and differentiate in vitro (CFU-c) form a heterogeneous population. By the use of specific colony stimulating activities and cell separation by equilibrium density centrifugation, three subpopulations of CFU-c can be detected. These three CFU-c are characterized by buoyant densities of 1.070, 1.075 and 1.080 g.cm-3 and by their proliferative response to 18 h postendotoxin serum, colony stimulating factor from extracts of mouse embryos and uteri (CSF pmue) and erythrocyte lysate, respectively. The three CFU-c are compared with respect to their differentiation potential, the maturation rate of their progeny cells and their proliferation capacity. It is shown that with increasing density of the CFU-c the maturation rate increases (sequential maturation of colonies derived from CFU-c with densities of 1.080, 1.075, 1.070 g.cm-3) and the proliferation capacity decreases (colony size decreases in the sequence of CFU-c with densities 1.070, 1.075, 1.080 g.cm-3). Concerning the differentiation potential it is shown that all three CFU-c detected have the capacity to form granulocytes as well as macrophages. On the basis of these results it is concluded that the CFU-c with densities of 1.070, 1.075 and 1.080 g.cm-3 represent a maturation sequence. PMID- 6966284 TI - Serum of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice contains two types of colony-stimulating factor, separable by affinity chromatography. AB - Serum from mice treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was fractionated by Con A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, and assayed in vitro for colony stimulating factor (CSF) using mouse bone marrow cells. The CSF failing to bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose (pool A) had similar biological properties to the unfractionated serum, i.e., it stimulated the formation of about equal numbers of granulocytic, mixed granulocyte-macrophage and macrophage colonies. The fraction eluted from the Con A-Sepharose column with alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (pool B) had a steeper dose-response curve than either the unfractionated serum or the pool A CSF and most of the colonies were composed of macrophages. A mixture of the pool A and pool B CSFs stimulated colonies in a similar way as unfractionated serum and poolA. The apparent molecular weights of the two types of CSF were determined by two different gel-filtration procedures. Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration suggested an apparent molecular weight of 85,000 for pool A CSF and 180,000 for pool B CSF. Gel-filtration on Sepharose CL-6B in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride (6M) yielded an apparent molecular weight of approximately 23,000 for pool A CSF and 33,000 for pool B CSF. The colony-forming cells (CFC) responding to pool B CSF were found to have a relatively high sedimentation velocity (peak sedimentation velocity 5.6--6.2 mm/hr) compared to the CFC responding to mouse-lung conditioned medium (MLCM) whose peak sedimentation velocity was between 4.0--4.5 mm/hour. The CFC responding to pool A CSF had an intermediate sedimentation velocity (peak 4.6--5.2 mm/hour). A time course analysis of the morphology of clones or colonies in cultures stimulated with either MLCM or pool B CSF showed that the proportion of different colony types depends significantly on the incubation period and suggested that pool tb csf induced an early commitment of CFC towards macrophages differentiation. PMID- 6966286 TI - Studies of the human testis. XIII. Properties of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form)-linked 17 alpha-hydroxylation. AB - A NADH-linked 17 alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone was examined using the washed microsome fraction prepared from human testes. The addition of NADP revealed no enhancement of 17 alpha-hydroxylation, indicating no transhydrogenation from NADH to NADP in the microsome fraction. The results further substantiate the presence of NADH-linked activity of 17 alpha hydroxylation in addition to NADPH-linked activity. The Km of 17 alpha hydroxylase for NADH was calculated as 4.3 x 10(-5) M at pH 7.4 and 37 C. The optimal pH of 17 alpha-hydroxylase was 7.7 in the presence of NADH and 7.9 in the presence of NADPH. An additive increase in the amount of product 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone was observed by adding NADH to the incubation medium containing an excess amount of NADPH. The data suggest that there are two distinct active sites for 17 alpha-hydroxylation. Furthermore, the inhibition of NADH-linked 17 alpha-hydroxylation by carbon monoxide indicates the involvement of cytochrome P450 in the electron transport system for the NADH-linked 17 alpha hydroxylation. PMID- 6966288 TI - Plastic scintillation detectors for high resolution emission computed tomography. PMID- 6966289 TI - Nonantibiotic effects of macrolide antibiotics of the oleandomycin-erythromycin group with special reference to their "steroid-sparing" effects. AB - Certain macrolide antibiotics, such as troleandomycin (TAO), oleandomycin, and erythromycin estolate (Ilosone), can lower the maintenance dose of glucocorticoids required by severely asthmatic patients. These effects were postulated to be caused by an as yet undefined steroid-sparing effect. In this study, TAO in combination with methylprednisolone, when compared with methylprednisolone alone, was demonstrated to significantly increase liver glycogen deposition in adrenalectomized mice, intact mice, and adrenalectomized rats; protect histamine-sensitized mice following beta adrenergic blockade or adrenalectomy; further decrease the steroid-lowered glucose tolerance of mice and significantly increase the plasma corticosteroid levels in rats. TAO alone did not have these effects. TAO plus betamethasone, and erythromycin estolate plus methylprednisolone also increased liver glycogen deposition. However, TAO did not appear to potentiate the effects of hydrocortisone. Erythromycin stearate and to a lesser degree erythromycin ethylsuccinate when combined with methylprednisolone also decreased histamine lethality in mice. Leucomycin and tetracycline did not enhance the effects of methylprednisolone. TAO, alone or with methylprednisolone, did not alter serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels in rats. Thus, TAO and some other macrolides did not exert their effects on corticosteroids as antimicrobial agents, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)--like compounds, or quasisteroids, but as steroid-sparing agents by some undefined mechanism. PMID- 6966290 TI - Hypogammaglobulinemia in mother and son. PMID- 6966291 TI - The cellular basis of impaired T lymphocyte functions in the elderly. AB - Immunologic changes associated with aging were studied by various immunologic tests in 24 aged persons (age range, 76-83) and 25 young persons (age range, 20 40). The responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) were depressed in the aged subjects compared to the young ones (p less than 0.05), whereas the responses to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were similar. The activity of adhereent and non-adherent cells was assessed in various combinations. The adherent cells of aged persons were indistinguishable from those of young persons in their ability to response to Con A. Lymphocytes from the aged synthesized larger in vitro amounts of immunoglobulin than did lymphocytes from the young, when stimulated with PWM. Con A-stimulated T lymphocytes derived from aged subjects showed a variable loss of suppressor activity. The mixed lymphocyte culture reaction with mitomycin-treated allogeneic and autologous cells was also impaired in aged subjects. Such an impaired response in the aged is related to higher incidences of malignant lesions and auto-antibodies. PMID- 6966292 TI - Regulatory role of T suppressor cells on natural and induced humoral anti-tumor reactivity of C57BL/6J mice. PMID- 6966293 TI - Evidence for a common mucosal immunologic system. II. Influence of the estrous cycle on B immunoblast migration into genital and intestinal tissues. AB - The influence of the estrous cycle on the localization of plasma cell precursors in the genital mucosa was studied in CBA/J female mice by using an adoptive transfer system. Within 24 hr after transfer, [3H]-thymidine-labeled donor mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells were observed in maximum number in proestral and estral cervices and vaginae (14.4 and 9.7 labeled cells/100 mm2 of tissue, respectively), and approximately 60% of these cells contained IgA and 25% IgG. During metaestrus and diestrus, however, few labeled MLN cells (4.0/100 mm2 of tissue) localized in the genital tract and this reduction affected the IgA containing plasmacyte population in particular. In contrast, no change was noted in the frequency of labeled cells containing IgA in the small intestine over the course of the estrous cycle, although small but significant changes were noted in the frequency of labeled cells producing IgG. These results indicate that the hormonal changes during the estrous cycle may affect the localization of IgA plasma cell precursors in the genital tract and thus may alter the local mucosal immune response in this site. PMID- 6966294 TI - In vitro induction of IgM secretion and switching to IgG production in human B leukemic cells with the help of T cells. AB - In vitro stimulation of the B leukemic cells (B-CLL cells) with normal allogeneic T cells plus PWM induced IgM secretion and a switching from IgM to IgG production. Induction of IgM and IgG production in B-CLL cells with T cells was demonstrated by the presence of the same idiotype in induced Ig as that present in the monoclonal IgM protein in the patient's serum. Both T cells and PWM were required for Ig induction in B-CLL cells, and x-irradiated T cells showed the comparable helper effect. T cells and PWM induced not only Ig secretion but proliferation of B-CLL cells. Cell division was essential for the differentiation of the leukemic cells to Ig-producing cells. PWM-induced, antigen-nonspecific helper factor(s) were also effective in the induction of differentiation of the leukemic cells. Variations existed among T cell donors in the capabilities to induce differentiation of the same leukemic cells, suggesting the requirement of matching of acceptors on B-CLL cells and T effector molecules for the induction of Ig production in B-CLL cells. PMID- 6966295 TI - Further characterization of the role of corticosterone in the loss of humoral immunity in zinc-deficient A/J mice as determined by adrenalectomy. PMID- 6966296 TI - OKT3: a monoclonal anti-human T lymphocyte antibody with potent mitogenic properties. AB - OKT3, a monoclonal anti-human T cell antibody (IgG2), was found to induce DNA synthesis in human peripheral lymphocyte cultures. OKT3 induced maximal mitogenesis at a concentration of 10 to 20 ng/ml and was about 20-fold more potent than PHA as a mitogen. No high-dose inhibition of thymidine incorporation was noticed at concentrations up to 2.5 microgram OKT3/ml. The monovalent Fab fragment of OKT3 was also mitogenic but about 100 times less potent than the parent IgG. OKT3 appeared to be a T lymphocyte mitogen as only sheep red blood cell rosetting lymphocytes were responsive. Quantitative studies on the binding of 125I-labeled Fab fragment of OKT3 to human lymphocytes showed an average of 5.1 x 10(4) receptor sites/cell with an association of about 10(8) M-1 at 37 degrees C, with no heterogeneity of the cell binding sites. These data suggest a strong interaction of the monoclonal OKT3 with a limited number of identical T cell membrane receptors. As this interaction can trigger mitogenesis, the cell membrane determinant recognized by OKT3 could be described as a "T cell stimulation receptor." The mitogenecity of the lymphocytes is not solely dependent on cross-linking of these receptors. PMID- 6966297 TI - A T lymphocyte subpopulation in multiple sclerosis patients bearing Fc receptors for both IgG and IgM1. AB - Abnormally low proportions of total T lymphocytes were found in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) accompanied by high proportions of T lymphocytes with Fc receptors (FcR) for IgG (T gamma cells). Seventy-five percent of the MS patients had greater than 40% T gamma in the T lymphocyte-enriched population. In 6 out of 16 cases, T mu were also elevated. This elevation, however, did not seem to correlated with disease stage. By mixed rosetting and direct observation with an indirect immunofluorescence test, 30 to 50% of the T gamma cells in MS PBL were also shown to bear FcR for IgM. This population bearing FcR for IgG and IgM, designated T gamma mu, was usually found to be 10% or less of the T gamma population in normal controls. The significance of this T gamma mu population for the MS disease process requires further evaluation. PMID- 6966298 TI - Cyclosporin A and dexamethasone suppress T cell responses by selectively acting at distinct sites of the triggering process. PMID- 6966299 TI - Qa antigen expression on functional lymphoid, myeloid, and stem cells in adult mice. PMID- 6966300 TI - Inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation by the nonmitogenic lectin wheat germ agglutinin. PMID- 6966301 TI - The effect of temperature-dependent autorosettes on B/T cell ratios of purified rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Contradictory reports as to B/T cell ratios in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of rabbits led to an investigation of current purification methods. PBL prepared by sedimentation at 37 degrees C in gelatin solution showed the same B/T ratios as did whole blood. PBL prepared by the Ficoll-Hypaque method at 4 degrees C or at room temperature were enriched in B cells compared to the whole blood. This enrichment depended on the presence of autologous erythrocytes during centrifugation and it was not demonstrable when centrifugation was carried out at 37 degrees C. Resuspended red cell pellets contained more than 3 times as many rosette-forming cells if the pellets were obtained by centrifugation of blood on Ficoll at 4 degrees C rather than 37 degrees C. We, therefore, conclude that aggregation of T cells with autologous erythrocytes is responsible for the depletion of B cells in the PBL prepared by the Ficoll-Hypaque method at 4 degrees C or at room temperature. PMID- 6966303 TI - Isolation of human T and B lymphocytes by E-rosette gradient centrifugation. Characterization of the isolated subpopulations. AB - Some methodological aspects of E-rosette gradient centrifugation for separation of human B and T lymphocytes are described. Treatment of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET) accelerates and enhances E rosette formation providing an effective and time saving method which takes less than 2 h to perform. Depletion of E-rosette forming cells (E-RFC) is almost complete, leaving less than 1% of the initial E-RFC at the interphase layer. By use of the lymphocyte donor's autologous serum containing naturally occurring anti-SRBC antibody and complement the SRBC in the rosetted T lymphocyte fraction are easily and completely lysed without damage to the lymphocytes. This procedure is shown to have little effect on the properties of the isolated T cells. The isolated lymphocyte subpopulations have been characterized by tests for lymphocyte and monocyte markers. PMID- 6966304 TI - In vitro growth of murine T cells. III. Method for separation of T cell growth factor (TCGF) from concanavalin A and biological activity of the resulting TCGF. AB - T cell growth factor (TCGF) resulting from the incubation of murine splenocytes with concanavalin A (Con A) has been partially purified and separated from Con A. Sequential application of 50-70% saturated ammonium sulfate precipitation and G 100 gel filtration chromatography has resulted in a 300-fold purification of TCGF with a 60% yield. 99.99% of Con A has been removed from the TCGF by these steps. TCGF exists in two molecular weight forms of about 50,000 and 25,000 daltons. TCGF activity is degradable by trypsin digestion and is stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min, but is inactivated by heating at 80 degrees C. Lymphoid cells activated by either Con A or allogeneic in vitro sensitization will grow in TCGF free of Con A but fresh splenocytes will not grow in the absence of Con A, implying a need for prior activation before TCGF sustained growth of T cells can be achieved. PMID- 6966302 TI - Removal of phytohemagglutinin from conditioned medium by affinity chromatography. AB - Supernatants of lymphocytes cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-induced conditioned medium) are known to contain residual lectin. Studies with T cells specifically sensitized against a given antigen and maintained in culture by the T cell growth factor in conditioned medium may be hampered by the presence of PHA since the lectin could induce polyclonal activation of T cells. We developed a procedure for removing lectin from conditioned medium by affinity adsorption on porcine thyroglobulin-Sepharose. The affinity method was capable of removing detectable amounts of lectin since the mitogenic capacity for peripheral blood lymphocytes was lost after adsorption. In contrast, thyroglobulin-Sepharose adsorbed CM retained good mitogenic activity and growth-supporting capacity for human cultured T cells. PMID- 6966305 TI - Topical therapeutic efficacy of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine and 5-iodo-5' amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine on oral infection with herpes simplex virus in mice. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of two new antiviral agents, 5-iodo-5'-amino-2', 5' dideoxyuridine (AIdUrd) and 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (ACV), in the model of mouse lip inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 2 is reported. The effects on development of clinical lesions, viral replication in the inoculated lips, and establishment of latent viral infection in the trigeminal ganglia were observed. The earlier the treatment with AIdUrd and ACV was initiated after inoculation, the better was the chemotherapeutic effect. AIdUrd and ACV treatment, when initiated 48 and 72 hr after inoculation, respectively, showed no chemotherapeutic efficacy. Establishment of viral latent infection in sensory ganglia was significantly prevented only when ACV treatment was initiated very early (1 or 3 hr) after inoculation. The results indicate that both drugs have significant antiviral activity, in part dependent on the time of initiation of therapy, and that ACV is superior to AIdUrd as a topical agent for therapy of herpes simplex virus type 2 infections. PMID- 6966306 TI - Impending asphyxia induced by anticoagulant therapy. AB - A case is presented of spontaneous haemorrhage into the floor of the mouth occurring in a patient receiving anticoagulants. Spread of interstitial haematoma to the submucosal tissues of the pharynx and larynx caused respiratory embarrassment necessitating a tracheostomy. The genesis and management of such a problem are discussed, and it can be appreciated that close co-operation between the otolaryngologist, haematologist and anaesthetist is essential. PMID- 6966307 TI - Diagnostic imperatives in internal medicine. The timely detection of treatable disease. Gastrointestinal and liver disease. PMID- 6966308 TI - An autoradiographic analysis of the development of the chick trigeminal ganglion. AB - The avian trigeminal ganglion, which is embryonically derived from the neural crest and epidermal placodes, consists of two topographically segregated classes of immature neurons, large and small, during the second week of incubation, and two neuronal cell types, dark and light, interspersed throughout the mature ganglion. In order to establish the times of terminal mitosis of trigeminal sensory neurons, embryos were treated with [3H]thymidine during the first week of incubation and their ganglia fixed on embryonic day 11. The embryonically large, distal, placodal-derived neurons are generated between days 2 and 5, while the small, proximal, neural crest-derived neurons are formed mostly between days 4 and 7. By comparing the locations of labeled cells in ganglia treated with isotope but fixed on day 18 of incubation with their 11-day counterparts, we have proved that there are no morphogenetic rearrangements of neurons during the final week of incubation. Thus, no unique relationship exists between the two neuron types in the mature ganglion and the two cell classes in the immature trigeminal. Therefore, both the light and the dark neurons in the mature trigeminal ganglion arise from neural crest as well as placodal primordia. PMID- 6966309 TI - Specificity, Ly phenotype, and H-2 compatibility requirements of effector cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to murine influenza virus infection. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to infectious and to noninfectious (UV irradiated) influenza A viral preparations was measured in mice by the increase in footpad swelling 24 h after injection of the eliciting virus. DTH mice sensitized with noninfectious virus was elicited only by virus that shared hemagglutinin specificity with the sensitizing virus, whereas footpad injection of a given A-strain virus (A/WSN) could elicit DTH in mice sensitized with a variety of infectious A-strain viruses, including some not sharing hemagglutinin or neuraminidase specificities. The effector T cells generated in mice sensitized with either form of virus were sensitive to anti-Ly 1.1 serum and complement, but not to anti-Ly 2.1 serum and complement. Adoptive transfer of DTH was H-2 restricted. With spleen cells from mice sensitized subcutaneously with either infectious or noninfectious virus, sharing of the IA region was both necessary and sufficient for successful transfer to occur. Cells recovered from infected mouse lungs, and secondary effector cells generated in vitro transferred DTH if injected into the footpad with the eliciting virus. The effector cells had the Ly 1 phenotype, and, in both cases, the cells were I restricted. These results contrast with earlier findings that transfer of DTH to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection required K- or D-region sharing between donor and recipient. Thus, the earlier hypothesis that multiplying infectious agents such as viruses would "alter" K- or D-coded, rather than I-coded, structures is not generally correct. PMID- 6966311 TI - Alloreactive cloned T cell lines. I. Interactions between cloned amplifier and cytolytic T cell lines. AB - Several T cell clones have been derived by limiting dilution of secondary mixed leukocyte culture cells stimulated by H-2- and M locus (Mls)-disparate spleen cells. When examined for the expression of cytolytic activity and the ability to proliferate, these cell clones can be classified into two major categories. One type of cell is noncytolytic; when cultured with irradiated spleen cells, such clones proliferate in response to Mls determinants. Some, but not all, of these clones express Lyt-1 alloantigens. The other type of cell is cytolytic; these clones do not proliferate when cultured with irradiated allogeneic spleen cells unless supernatant fluid (SF) is added. These cytolytic clones express Lyt-2 alloantigens. Some cytolytic clones are specific for H-2Kd and others for H-2Dd alloantigens. Still other cytolytic cell clones exhibit cross-reactive lysis of different H-2-bearing tumor and Con A blast target cells. Noncytolytic T cell clones, when stimulated by Mls antigens, were examined for their ability to promote proliferation of cytolytic T cell clones. All of the noncytolytic cell clones tested were able to promote proliferation of cytolytic cell clones with the concomitant expression of cytolytic activity directed toward the original stimulating alloantigen (H-2d). Amplification of cytolytic activity was dependent upon stimulation of the noncytolytic amplifier T cell clones by Mls antigens. Specific alloantigen (signal 1), however, was not required for proliferation of the cytolytic cell clones; the amplifying signal (signal 2), delivered by the amplifier cell clones, was sufficient alone to promote proliferation of the cytolytic cell clones. Whereas proliferation of the amplifier cells was radiosensitive, the generation of the soluble amplifying signal was radioresistant. Amplification of cytolytic activity was observed when either amplifier cells were physically separated from responding cytolytic cells in Marbrook cultures or when cytolytic cells were cultured with SF collected from amplifier cell cultures. The amplifying factors were neither antigen specific nor strain specific and could be produced by Lyt-1- cells. The availability of cloned T cell lines that retain specific biologic function offers unique opportunities to characterize cell surface proteins and cell-cell interactions. PMID- 6966310 TI - Subclass restriction of murine antibodies. II. The IgG plaque-forming cell response to thymus-independent type 1 and type 2 antigens in normal mice and mice expressing an X-linked immunodeficiency. AB - Antigens have been classified previously into three categories, thymus-dependent (TD), thymus-independent type (TI) 1, and TI-2, based upon thymic dependence and ability to stimulate an immunodeficient strain of mouse, CBA/N. Here we demonstrate that the different antigen classes elicit IgG antibodies of different subclasses. TD antigens stimulate predominantly IgG1 antibodies, with smaller amounts of IgG2 and IgG3 being expressed. TI-1 antigens stimulate almost no IgG1 antibodies and equal amounts of IgG2 and IgG3. TI-2 antigens elicit predominantly IgG3 antibodies. Mice expressing the CBA/N phenotype are known to be nonresponsive to TI-2 antigens. This was confirmed in this study. In addition, we demonstrate that the IgG3 component of the response to TI-1 antigens is virtually absent in mice expressing the CBA/N phenotype, which supports our previous finding that the CBA/N defect may be restricted to a B-lymphocyte subpopulation containing most of the precursors of IgG3-secreting cells. PMID- 6966313 TI - Induction of tolerance to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene contact sensitivity with hapten-modified lymphoid cells. II. Selective tolerance in F1 mice of T cell subsets recognizing 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene associated with parental major histocompatibility complex antigens. AB - F1 animals were tolerized to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) contact sensitivity with parentally derived, in vitro hapten-modified spleen cells. This tolerant state was found, upon adoptive transfer to naive parental strain recipients, to affect only that T cell subpopulation that recognized the parental haplotype of the cell used as the tolerogen, and did not inhibit the ability of the remaining T cell subset to confer immunity. This demonstrates that this tolerant state involves the inactivation of a cell required for the expression of contact sensitivity by recognizing DNFB in association with self major histocompatibility complex gene products. PMID- 6966312 TI - Thymic nurse cells. Lymphoepithelial cell complexes in murine thymuses: morphological and serological characterization. AB - We describe a new cellular component of normal mouse thymuses, which is isolated by fractionated trypsin dissociation of minced thymus tissue followed by repeated unit gravity sedimentation. These cells are of unusually large size, with diameters of 30 mum and more. They represent cellular complexes of single large cells filled with high numbers of lymphoid cells. The majority of the engulfed lymphoid cells is not only fully intact, as judged by morphological criteria, but, moreover, includes a high proportion of mitotic figures. Electron microscopic investigations reveal the epithelial character of the large thymic nurse cells (TNC). The peripherally situated cytoplasmic tonofilament streams, and characteristic vacuoles filled with coarse, unidentified material, closely resemble cytoplasmic organelles found in the cortical reticuloepithelial cells described in situ. The internalized lymphocytes are located within caveolae lined by plasma membranes. These TNC caveolae are completely sequestered, and have lost any communication with the extracellular space, as demonstrated by the inability of an electrondense marker, cationized ferritin, to diffuse into the perilymphocytic clefts. The structural interactions between the membranes of the engulfed thymocytes with the surrounding TNC caveolar membranes were investigated both in ultrathin sections and in freeze-etch preparates. Two distinct contact types between both membranes were discerned: (a) complete, close contact along the entire lymphocyte circumference, and (b) more frequently, contact restricted to discrete, localized areas. Judging from their size and distribution, the localized contacts could correspond particle aggregates of freeze-etch preparates, which morphologically resemble certain stages of gap junction. Furthermore, we regularly found square arrays of particles of uniform size, which so far have been thought to be typical for cell membranes actively engaged in ion exchange. Tight junction-like particle arrays, which were present on TNC outer membranes, and probably represented disrupted contacts between adjacent TNC in the intact tissue, could not be found on caveolar or lymphocyte membranes. Finally, one of the most conspicuous specializations of the TNC caveolar membrane were membrane invaginations, which were arranged mainly in groups, and which probably reflect endo- or exocytotoxic events. We investigated the surface antigen phenotype of TNC by indirect immunofluorescence, with monoclonal antibodies against determinants of H-2- complex subregions as well as against lymphocyte differentiation markers. Semiquantification was reached with flow cytofluorimetry, followed by morphological control by fluorescence microscopy. The surface antigen formula of TNC is: Ig(-), Thy-l(-), H-2K(++), I-A (++), I E/C(+), H-D(++), Ly-1(-), Ly-2(-), Qat-4(-), Qat-5(-), and peanut agglutinin (PNA)(-). Thymic macrophages, which were identified by double fluorescence, with rhodamine- coupled zymosan as a phagocytosis marker, were serologically identical with TNC. Free thymocytes, in contrast, had the following antigen formula: Ig(-), Thy-1(++), H-2K(+/-), I-A(-), I-E/C(-), H-2D(+/-), Ly-1(+/-), Ly-2(+), Qat- 4(-), Qat-5(-), and PNA(+). The unprecedented finding of high numbers of dividing thymocytes sojourning within thymic epithelial cells, and the particular specializations of the TNC caveolar membranes surrounding these engulfed thymocytes is the basis of a hypothesis that postulates that an intraepithelial differentiation cycle is one essential step in, intrathymic T lymphocyte generation. PMID- 6966314 TI - Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice have Thy-1-bearing immunocompetent helper T cells in their peritoneal cavity. AB - Heavily irradiated peritoneal cells (PC) from congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice markedly restored the impaired in vitro antibody response of nu/nu spleen cells to sheep erythrocyte antigens (T-dependent antigen), whereas irradiated spleen or lymph node cells from nu/nu mice had no effect on the response. This activity of the irradiated PC of nu/nu mice was completely abolished by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antiserum plus normal guinea pig serum (C') and is, therefore, attributable to a function of matured T cells. PMID- 6966315 TI - Quantitation of influenza virus antigens on infected target cells and their recognition by cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells. AB - Monoclonal antibody to type-A influenza virus matrix (M)-protein was used to quantitate the appearance of M-protein on abortively infected P815 cells. After 16 h of infection with different type-A viruses, only a low amount of M-protein appears on the surface of infected cells (approximately 10(3) site/cell) in contrast to approximately 10(5) hemagglutinin molecules on each cell surface. However, virus replication is required for M-protein appearance. Analysis of solubilized membranes purified from 16-h-infected cells shows approximately 10(4) M-protein molecule/cell in the plasma membrane, a content that is consistent with the observed low surface expression, and that indicates that most of the M protein is localized internally. We found no evidence that cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells could recognize M-protein; neither monoclonal antibody or hyperimmune anti-M-protein antiserum could inhibit T cell killing, either alone or in combination with monoclonal anti-H-2 antibody. Taken together, the low level of M-protein appearance and lack of T cell blocking by anti-M-protein antibody leaves doubt that M-protein is the antigen recognized by cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6966316 TI - Chediak-Higashi gene in humans. II. The selectivity of the defect in natural killer and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity function. AB - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis (ADCC) of human tumor cells by FcR(+) nonadherent effector lymphocytes as well as natural killer (NK) activity was markedly impaired in Chediak-Steinbrinck-Higashi Syndrome (C-HS) patients. Compared to a more than 400-fold defect in NK activity in terms of lytic units, the abnormal ADCC response in C-HS donors was 24-fold below normal suggesting a partial but not complete overlap of lymphocytes or lytic mechanisms responsible for ADCC and NK. The ADCC mechanism against erythrocyte targets, however, was normal, thereby suggesting a qualitative difference in these two forms of ADCC. Other effector-cell functions against tumor-cell targets were normal as measured by (a) spontaneous cytolysis mediated by monocytes, (b) spontaneous cytostasis mediated by neutrophils, and (c) lectin-dependent cytolysis mediated by neutrophils. Although one C-HS patient was low in lectin-dependent cytolysis mediated by lymphocytes, the other C-HS patient was normal, thereby suggesting that cytolytic T function was not linked to the NK-ADCC defect. In addition, the proliferative response to T-dependent mitogens was also relatively normal. These results, combined with other studies showing normal cell-mediated and humoral immunity in these same patients, suggest that patients with C-HS have an immunodeficiency which is selective for NK and ADCC activity. PMID- 6966317 TI - Memory B cells at successive stages of differentiation. Affinity maturation and the role of IgD receptors. AB - The following evidence, mainly presented here, suggests that IgD receptors play a crucial role in determining the potential for affinity maturation in memory B cell populations. IgD receptors are present on the first memory B cells to appear after priming. These memory cells give rise to more-mature memory cells that have lost their IgD receptors. The proportions of early (IgD(+)) and mature (IgD(-)) memory cells found in individual donors vary with time, priming conditions, and the availability of T cell help, and both populations frequently coexist for long periods of time. IgD(+) and IgD(-) memory cells carry IgG receptors and give rise to IgG responses with identical isotype representation in adoptive recipients. IgD(+) memory cells, however, always give rise to predominantly low-affinity antibody responses, whereas IgD(-) memory cells consistently generate responses of substantially higher average affinity. This affinity differential is maintained between early and mature memory populations in the same donor and does not appear to be a result of selective differentiation of higher-affinity IgD(+) memory cells into the IgD(-) memory pool. Thus, the selective forces responsible for affinity maturation appear to operate mainly in mature memory cell populations that have already lost IgD receptors; or, stated conversely, little or no selection towards high-affinity memory appears to occur among memory cells that retain IgD receptors. In discussing these findings, we suggest that the IgD receptors themselves are responsible for maintaining early memory populations at a lower average affinity than IgD(-) populations in the same animal. The IgD receptors, we argue, serve to increase the antigen-binding capacity of lower affinity memory cells so that these cells can survive, expand, and differentiate (to IgD(-)) at antigen concentrations that select against expansion of low- affinity memory cells no longer carrying IgD receptors. Thus, when antigen is limiting, IgD(-) memory populations will be selectively expanded to higher average affinities, whereas coexisting IgD(+) populations will retain their initial affinity profile. This hypothesis suggests that mechanisms that regulate expression and loss of IgD receptors are central to the adaptability of the immune system in its response to invading pathogens. Two related roles can be envisioned for the IgD receptors in this regard. First, they extend the lower boundary of the affinity range of early memory cell populations induced by a given antigenic stimulus and therefore broaden the diversity of responses obtainable from these populations. Secondly, they support the persistence of low affinity memory populations under conditions where antigen becomes limiting and eventually disappears. These persisting populations then serve as a diversely reactive reservoir from which mature memory populations can be drawn with higher affinities either for the original antigen or, more importantly, for related antigens that the animal may subsequently encounter. Thus the existence of IgD receptors on early memory cells maintains the full range of response diversity despite ongoing selective expansion of (mature) memory populations to produce antibodies with high combining affinities for individual antigens. The flexibility inherent in such an organizational system, we believe, could be expected to account for the evolutionary development of IgD receptors and the regulatory capabilities that support operation of the system. PMID- 6966318 TI - Negative selection of T cells causing lethal graft-versus-host disease across minor histocompatibility barriers. Role of the H-2 complex. AB - With a model in which CBA T cells cause lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in irradiated B10.BR mice (H-2-compatible mice that express multiple minor histocompatibility antigen [HA] differences), information was sought on whether the induction phase of GVHD to minor HA is H-2 restricted. When unprimed CBA (H 2k) T cells were recirculated from blood to lymph for 1 d through irradiated H-2 compatible B10.BR or B10.K mice, the T cells underwent specific negative selection to the minor HA of the host, i.e, the filtered T cells failed to cause GVHD after transfer to B10.BR mice. With filtration through totally H-2-different B10 (H-2b), B10.D2 (H-2d), or B10.S (H-2s) mice, by contrast, no selection occurred, i.e., the filtered cells were unimpaired in their capacity to kill B10.BR mice. Selection was marked after filtration through H-2-semiallogeneic (B10 X CBA)F1 mice. These data, together with the results of filtering T cells through various H-2 recombinant strains, indicated that selection depended upon the donor and filtration host sharing determinants encoded by both the K- and D ends of the H-2 complex. Compatibility only in the I region failed to cause demonstrable selection. PMID- 6966319 TI - Multiple pathways of T-T interaction in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to alloantigens. AB - The interaction of T helper (Th) cells with syngeneic and allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL.P) has been investigated. Unprimed and mixed lymphocyte culture-primed peripheral T cells were used as a source of Th. Thymocytes, which depend upon exogenous Th cells for activation, were used as a source of cytotoxic precursors. Data is presented that demonstrates that at least two pathways of T-T interaction can lead to the activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. The first is an allogeneic effect, in which Th cells recognize and respond to alloantigens expressed on CTL.P. The second is the interaction of Th cells with syngeneic CTL.P, in which both cell types are thought to respond to alloantigens on stimulator cells. The latter interaction can be shown to be restricted by H-2-linked determinants when primed Th cells are used and allogeneic effects against thymocytes are minimized. Restricted interactions between unprimed Th cells and thymocyte CTL.P have never been observed. Mechanisms that may explain the difference between the interaction of unprimed and primed Th cells with CTL.P are discussed. PMID- 6966320 TI - Selective suppression of the major idiotypic component of an antihapten response by soluble T cell-derived factors with idiotypic or anti-idiotypic receptors. AB - Evidence is presented for the selective suppression of the major idiotypic component of the humoral response to the phenylarsonate hapten by soluble factors derived from T cells (TsF). The existence of TsF with anti-idiotypic receptors was also demonstrated. It was found that TsF with idiotypic and anti-idiotypic receptors coexist in cultures of spleen cells prepared from idiotypically suppressed, hyperimmunized mice. By gel filtration the molecular weight of each factor was found to be 50,000-100,000. Each is sensitive to trypsin and is bound to a column containing anti-H-2a antibodies. Evidence is discussed which suggests the possibility of mutual stimulation of suppressor T cells with idiotypic and anti-idiotypic receptors. PMID- 6966321 TI - Self H-2 antigens influence the specificity of alloreactive cells. AB - We have tested Jerne's hypothesis (9) that the phenomenon alloreactivity is explained by the existence of T cells that express germline-encoded receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex antigens and that these cells undergo no change in specificity during thymic differentiation. T cells from [F1 leads to Parent] bone marrow radiation chimeras reactive to conventional antigens are known to have a self preference, i.e., [A X B leads to A] chimeras respond better to H-2A-plus-antigen than to H-2B-plus-antigen. We show here that alloreactive cells from such chimeras also have a self preference. Thus, H-2k specific alloreactive T cells from [H-2b X H-2d leads to H-2b] and [H-2b X H-2d leads to H-2d] chimeras cross-react more on TNP-modified H-2b or H-2d targets, respectively. In contrast to Jerne's prediction, the results suggest that the receptor repertoire of alloreactive F1 cells is influenced by H-2 antigens on radiation-resistant cells present during T cell ontogeny. By this criterion of having a self preference in H-2 restriction, alloreactive T cells appear to be similar to T cells that respond to conventional antigens. PMID- 6966322 TI - On the role of sensitised T-lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 24 out of 26 patients with clinically well defined multiple sclerosis in remission showed sensitisation to multiple sclerosis brain extracts as assayed by enhancement of the early erythrocyte rosette test. Such an increase in the number of early rosettes was not found when the lymphocytes of multiple sclerosis patients were exposed to extracts of control brains. In contrast the sensitised cells were found in the circulation in only two of 11 patients with multiple sclerosis in acute relapse. The percentage of circulating T-lymphocytes which formed early rosettes was lower in the group of patients suffering a relapse than in patients in remission. A longitudinal study of one patient who was tested before, during and after a relapse revealed the disappearance from the blood of the sensitised T-cells during the relapse and their subsequent reappearance after recovery. Of 36 patients with other neurological diseases, two responded solely to multiple sclerosis brain, two responded to both multiple sclerosis and control brain, and three responded only to control brain. No healthy controls showed sensitisation to any brain extract. PMID- 6966323 TI - A further prevalence study of multiple sclerosis in north-east Scotland. AB - A second epidemiological study of multiple sclerosis (MS) in north-east Scotland has confirmed that the area has the highest prevalence rate in the world for any population of comparable size. On 1 December 1973 the prevalence was 144 per 100000 population. The age and sex specific prevalence rates are the highest ever recorded, one in every 306 of the population aged 40 to 59 years being affected. All patients have been tabulated in the National Health Service Central Register to facilitate future studies. The MS mortality rate in north-east Scotland is similar to the rate for the whole of Scotland. Throughout most of Scotland, therefore, MS probably is as prevalent as it is in the north-east. PMID- 6966324 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid complement proteins in neurological disease. AB - CSF levels of C3 and C4 were similar in patients with no neurological disease, minor non-inflammatory conditions, degenerative disease and MS during relapse, but slightly lower in MS during remission and higher in patients with inflammation. All MS patients had low CSF levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin and high levels of IgG. The roles of local production and consumption of complement protein and damage to the blood-brain barrier are discussed. PMID- 6966325 TI - Retrospective analysis of 22 patients with chronic pain treated by peripheral nerve stimulation. AB - Twenty-two patients with chronic pain, chiefly from posttraumatic neuropathy, were treated by implanted peripheral nerve stimulators located proximal to the pain. Thirteen of these (62%) have experienced pain control for an average of 25 months. The experience of the surgeon is thought to be a major factor contributing to the successful results. There are theoretical and practical advantages to electrical stimulation and proximal portions of the peripheral nervous system. The surgical technique for implantation is described and the necessity for reoperation in some patients is explained. PMID- 6966326 TI - Thalamic stimulation for neuropathic pain. AB - Eighteen patients with neuropathic pain underwent thalamic electrode implantation. Satisfactory initial pain relief ensued in 14, and their electrode systems were internalized for long-term use. Twelve of the 14 continue to obtain either complete or partial pain relief by regular stimulation. One of the other two patients has had a complete remission of pain, apparently spontaneously, and the other had to have the electrodes removed after it retracted from his thalamus on two occasions. The electrodes have been placed in the sensory nucleus of the thalamus where stimulation evokes paresthesias in the painful part of the body. Technical problems consisting of our inability to locate the target in two patients and our failure to fix the electrode adequately in one prevented us from employing the treatment in three patients. The fourth patient had temperature dysesthesia which was not altered during 2 weeks of stimulation. PMID- 6966327 TI - Microsurgical anatomy of the choroidal arteries. Fourth ventricle and cerebellopontine angles. AB - The microsurgical anatomy of the arteries supplying the choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle and cerebellopontine angles was examined under X3 to X20 magnification in brains from 25 adult cadavers. In the most common pattern, the branches of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) supplied the portion of the choroid plexus in the cerebellopontine angle and adjacent part of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle, and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) supplied the choroid plexus in the roof and medial part of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) gave rise to a choroidal branch in only one brain. The choroid plexus on each side of the midline was divided into a medial and a lateral segment. Each segment was considered two parts to facilitate the description of its blood supply. The medial segment, located in the roof of the fourth ventricle, was divided into a rostral or nodular part, and a caudal or tonsillar part. The lateral segment, located in the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle and cerebellopontine angle, was separated into a medial or peduncular part, and a lateral or floccular part. The AICA most commonly supplied all the floccular part and the lateral portion of the peduncular part, and the PICA most commonly supplied all of the tonsilar and nodular parts, and the medial portion of the peduncular part. PMID- 6966328 TI - Chronic cerebellar stimulation. PMID- 6966329 TI - Cerebellar stimulation for cerebral palsy. AB - Eight children with cerebral palsy, who had implanted cerebellar stimulators, were evaluated by a panel of six experienced physicians in a double-blind cross over experiment with 3-week periods of real and sham stimulation. Neither the panel of physicians nor the patients could tell whether the stimulators were operating or not. PMID- 6966330 TI - Influence of vitamin E on the mitogenic response of murine lymphoid cells. AB - The effect of vitamin E on mitogenesis by polyclonal activators was studied and the vitamin was found to be stimulatory but selective in its action. Vitamin E itself is a mitogen for murine spleen cells. At suboptimal vitamin concentrations, it was capable of stimulating the response to low levels of the thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T cell) mitogen, concanavalin A (conA), but not when conA was itself at optimal levels. When vitamin E was added to the diet at normal levels, it was not as effective in stimulating mitogenesis as it was at much higher levels. The effect of the vitamin on T cell mitogenesis could be modified by the degree of unsaturation of the dietary fat; it was more effective when dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were low. Under several conditions, it was shown that vitamin E can increase the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)/conA response ratio, which may suggest an effect of the vitamin on the maturation of T cells. In normal mice, vitamin E also stimulated the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a "bursa-equivalent" lymphocyte (B cell) mitogen, but it was unable to do so when spleen cells from athymic, nude mice were used. This suggests a requirement for thymic factors in order for vitamin E to stimulate mitogenesis of B cells. PMID- 6966331 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with ampicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media. AB - We treated 132 children with acute otitis media in a randomized trial comparing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. The antibacterial efficacy of the drugs was assessed primarly from the results of cultures of middle ear aspirates obtained during or after the course of therapy; persistent, recurrent, and new infections of the middle ear were documented in both groups of patients but did not differ significantly. Both drug regimens were well accepted by the patients and were not associated with serious side effects or toxicity. TMP-SMZ is an effective alternate to AMP or to other accepted regimens for initial treatment of acute otitis media. PMID- 6966332 TI - Tropical eosinophilia: a new look. PMID- 6966333 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in psoriatic arthritis. AB - Mitogen response of peripheral blood lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), conconavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and purified protein derivative (PPD) was studied in 32 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Results were compared with those obtained from a control group with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and another group of normal subjects. The PHA, Con A, and PWM responses were depressed in the PsA group. The degree of depression of the mitogen response was comparable to that observed in the group of patients with active RA. Sequential studies done in a small group of PsA patients revealed that the mitogen response paralleled disease activity. Improvement of disease activity was followed by increased mitogen response. PMID- 6966334 TI - Surgical management of cerebellopontine angle tumors. AB - Of the 50 cerebellopontine angle tumors diagnosed during a three and one half year period, 36 were removed (all totally) using one of the three approaches to the cerebellopontine angle. Six patients, all elderly (over age 70) with obstructive hydrocephalus and complicating medical problems, had ventriculoperitoneal shunts inserted. One of these subsequently required tumor excision 10 months later. Of the 35 patients with normal functioning facial nerves pre-operatively, 34 (97 per cent) had the nerve spared surgically. Of 12 patients in whom hearing conservation was attempted, the cochlear nerve was spared in eight. However, useful hearing was preserved in one, with sound appreciated only in another. PMID- 6966336 TI - Diagnostic radiology. PMID- 6966335 TI - In vitro cytotoxicity against Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines after enzymatic removal of Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen. AB - Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (MATSA) has been claimed to be the target of cytotoxic lymphocytes in in vitro tests for Marek's disease immunity. Treatment with papain, but not with trypsin or mixed glycosidases, removed MATSA from certain Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines. Tumor cells with and without MATSA were used as target cells for in vitro studies on cell mediated immune responses with sensitized spleen cells in a chromium release assay. The removal of MATSA did not influence the results of the chromium release assay. Attempts to block the cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro by coating tumor cells with an anti-MATSA serum failed. It was concluded that cell-mediated immune responses against Marek's disease tumor cells are directed against an as yet undefined antigen(s). PMID- 6966337 TI - Haemophilus influenzae from the middle ear of an adult with acute otitis media. PMID- 6966338 TI - [ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) activity in adult T-cell leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966339 TI - [A case of B-cell malignant lymphoma associated with high serum titer of cold haemagglutinin (IgG-IgM mixed type) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966340 TI - [Treatment of T-cell lymphoma with immunotherapy of OK-432--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966341 TI - [Seven cases of adult T-cell leukemia in the south part of Shikoku District (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966342 TI - [A case of lung cancer associated with granulocytosis and production of CSF from the tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966344 TI - [Early involvement in lupus nephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966345 TI - Immunological approaches to cancer treatment. AB - Immunological approaches to cancer treatment are reviewed to consider the role of specifically sensitized effector cells as well as non-specific mechanisms. The induction of immunity by specific mechanisms is exemplified by the response to carcinogen induced animal tumours but this is contrasted with the lack of this type of response with naturally occurring animal tumours. These experimental findings are reviewed in relation to the clinical approaches to active immunotherapy. Regional immunotherapy, where bacterial adjuvants are administered so as to localize in tumour deposits is generally more effective than systemic immunotherapy. This is discussed in relation to the animal studies and these approaches are reviewed, particularly in connection with the treatment of human lung cancer. PMID- 6966346 TI - [Complicated endometriosis of the rectum]. PMID- 6966347 TI - [Arrest of a hemorrhage from an esophageal ulcer by using a fiber endoscope in a patient with an extensive myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6966343 TI - [Computed tomography with CSF enhancement using metrizamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966349 TI - "The single distribution theory of alcohol consumption": a rejoinder to Singh, and a reply. PMID- 6966348 TI - [Fiber endoscopy in surgical diseases of the upper portions of the gastrointestinal tract in children]. PMID- 6966351 TI - Unilateral sudden loss of hearing: an unusual complication of cardiac operation. AB - Between 1969 and 1978 7,000 patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass at Bellevue and University Hospitals. In seven of these patients, sudden loss of hearing in one ear developed immediately after the operation. Four of the seven patients showed improvement in hearing after the initial loss, although in no case did the hearing return completely to normal. None of the patients had vertigo but two were listless postoperatively. Two of the operations were for congenital heart disease; the remainder were coronary artery bypass procedures. All of the affected patients were male. There was no predilection as to which ear was affected. The most likely cause is particulate emboli generated by cardiopulmonary bypass. Other possible sources of emboli include air, antifoam, fat, and particulate matter from calcified valves and the aorta. Improvement in the kind of pump and the addition of various filters in the period between 1969 and 1978 did not eliminate unilateral hearing loss. The relationship between cerebral emboli and decreased consciousness after operations is also discussed. PMID- 6966350 TI - Colony stimulating activity in sera of erythroleukemic mice (RLV-A). AB - RLV-A serum activity was measured by the agar colony assay to determine the effect of this erythroid dyscrasia on the granulopoietic humoral regulator, colony stimulating factor (CSF). In general, the sera of early, midstage and terminal animals not given endotoxin had high cluster forming properties compared to normal sera. The sera of early, midstage, and terminal mice treated with endotoxin had only a fraction of the colony forming ability of serum obtained from normal endotoxin-treated mice (EMS) with the earliest stages of the disease showing least activity followed by a rise in activity paralleling normal EMS, as the disease progressed. Sera from RLV-A endotoxin treated mice retained ability to stimulate cluster growth especially when compared to the slight activity displayed by normal endotoxin treated mouse sera. PMID- 6966353 TI - [Mechanisms for pain inhibition by transcutaneous nerve stimulation]. PMID- 6966352 TI - Hemophilus influenzae purulent pericarditis in children: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. AB - Purulent pericarditis is an unusual complication of infection in infancy and has been associated with an extremely high mortality rate. Early diagnosis followed by combined antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage of the pericardium has markedly improved survival. Between APril, 1975, and February, 1979, nine patients with purulent pericarditis secondary to Hemophilus influenzae type B were treated at the Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital. In every case signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure were present, and a pericardial effusion was demonstrated by echocardiography and confirmed by pericardiocentesis. The organism was identified with countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and antibiotic sensitivity determined by rapid beta lactamase assay. All patients were treated with a combination of parenteral antibiotics and open surgical drainage of the pericardium. There were no deaths and all patients demonstrated marked improvement following operation. Follow-up echocardiography revealed no evidence of pericardial effusion or signs of constriction in any patient. PMID- 6966354 TI - [Transcutaneous nerve stimulation in chronic pain]. PMID- 6966355 TI - [Indications for treatment with transcutaneous nerve stimulation]. PMID- 6966356 TI - [Transcutaneous nerve stimulation in causalgia]. PMID- 6966358 TI - [Trials of transcutaneous nerve stimulation]. PMID- 6966357 TI - [Transcutaneous nerve stimulattion--adverse effects and contraindications]. PMID- 6966359 TI - [Eelectric stimulation for pain relief-a free-of-charge method]. PMID- 6966360 TI - Diagnosis and management of acute epiglottitis -- report of 90 consecutive cases. AB - Ninety children with acute epiglottitis were admitted from 1971 - 1977. Lateral extended neck radiograph was found to be a quick, safe and reliable way to establish the diagnosis. Out of 79, 77 (97%) had blood cultures yielding Hemophilus influenzae type b. Immediate institution of airway and antibiotics were the mainstay of treatment. All patients in the series survived. For short term airway management, as in acute epiglottitis, nasotracheal intubation under general anesthesia was found to be the airway of choice. PMID- 6966361 TI - [Value of a new dosage form of diclofenac in rheumatology]. PMID- 6966362 TI - [Fluriprofen in chronic inflammatory rheumatism]. PMID- 6966363 TI - [Lactic acidosis in the cirrhotic patient]. PMID- 6966364 TI - [State of the organ of hearing and equilibrium in acute carbon monoxide poisoning]. AB - The examinations covered 50 patients (28 females and 24 males), aged 30.1 (+/- 12.1) hospitalized for accidental and suicidal acute CO poisoning. 17 patients were exposed for 50 minutes to 2--3 hr and 9 patients for 6 hr. The remaining patients failed to establish for how long they had had contact with the poison. All the patients underwent tonal threshold and suprathreshold audiometric examinations and electronystagmographic examination at rest following kinetic and optokinetic stimulation. 21 (42%) patients developed bilateral receptive hearing impairment of various degree, mostly (80%) extracochlear impairment. 3 cases (6%) were close to deafness. 43 patients (86%) had vestibular organ impaired, as shown by idiopathic nystagmus in 7 persons (14%), nystagmoidal movements and square waves in 24 persons (48%), asymmetry in reaction in 30 patients (60%), areflection in 2 patients (4%) and abnormal optokinesis in 20 patients (40%). PMID- 6966365 TI - Subsite mapping on enzymes: application to polysaccharide depolymerases. PMID- 6966366 TI - Isolation and preparation of pterins from biological materials. PMID- 6966367 TI - Preparation of aminopterin and p-aminobenzoylglutamic acid specifically labeled with carbon-13 in the benzoyl carbonyl. PMID- 6966368 TI - N5-Formyltetrahydrofolate (citrovorum factor) labeled stereospecifically with deuterium or tritium at carbon-6. PMID- 6966369 TI - Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase from Clostridium formicoaceticum and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (combined) from Clostridium thermoaceticum. PMID- 6966371 TI - Mechanism of homospecific DNA uptake in Haemophilus influenzae transformation. AB - DNA uptake by competent H. influenzae cells requires the presence of a specific base sequence (uptake site) on the entering DNA duplex. This sequence is probably recognized by a receptor on the cell surface. We have examined the kinetics and stoichiometry of DNA uptake by competent cells and have shown that the results are consistent with a simple model involving: 1) reversible binding of the DNA uptake site to a cell surface receptor, 2) an irreversible step resulting in a commitment toward DNA uptake, and 3) transport of the DNA duplex into the cell. We have also shown that a competent H. influenzae cell can absorb only 4 to 8 molecules of DNA, regardless of their length. To explain this counting mechanism, we suggest that each cell has only 4 to 8 receptors and that each receptor can be used to transport only one molecule of DNA. PMID- 6966372 TI - Improvement in mortality rates in bleeding peptic ulcer disease: Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney, 1947-1977. AB - A series of patients with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage treated at the Royal North Shore Hospital from 1976 to 1977 was compared to a similar series treated from 1947 to 1949. Although over-all mortality rates were similar, a clear improvement emerged when variceal, carcinoma and stress ulcer patients were excluded, and when the effect of age was taken into account (the mortality rate in the non-variceal, non-cancer, non-stress patients being 2% over-all, and 1.5% in those under 60 years of age). A review of the English literature on upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from 1930 to 1977 showed no improvement in over-all mortality over this period. When these same factors were taken into account, however, the survival in the non-stress, chronic peptic ulcer group aged over 60 years was found to have significantly improved over this time. PMID- 6966370 TI - Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase: a multifunctional protein from porcine liver. PMID- 6966373 TI - A case of quinsy. PMID- 6966374 TI - Microbiology of acute otitis media with particular reference to the feasibility of pneumococcal immunization. AB - Middle-ear fluid was aspirated in 103 episodes of acute otitis media occurring in 100 South Australian children aged from four months to 14 years in 1977, and in 1978. Bacteria were cultured from the middle-ear fluid in 66% of cases, and viruses were grown in three cases in conjunction with bacteria. The bacteria grown were pneumococci in 30 cases (29%), Haemophilus influenzae in 26 cases (25%), beta-haemolytic streptococci in 12 cases (12%) and Neisseria spp. in six cases (6%). Pneumococci and H. influenzae were cultured from children of all ages, whereas beta-haemolytic streptococci were more frequently isolated in children aged five years and older. Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis yielded positive results in 35% of culture-positive pneumococcal infections and gave additionally the positive reaction for pneumococci in two cases where culture produced negative results. The pneumococci which were isolated belonged to 12 serotypes; 26 of the 30 isolates were serotypes for which pneumococcal vaccines are currently available. There were appreciable differences in the distribution of serotypes from that encountered in a study of nasal carriage amongst healthy schoolchildren living in the same district. PMID- 6966375 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 24-1980. PMID- 6966376 TI - Patients who read their hospital charts. PMID- 6966377 TI - Direct evidence for a two-signal mechanism of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation. AB - The cellular requirements for the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to alloantigens are complex. In addition to cytotoxic precursors (CLPs), metabolically active stimulator cells, adherent accessory (A) cells and antigen specific helper T cells are also required. However, the requirement for A cells, metabolically active stimulator cells or helper T cells can be replaced by soluble factors or co-stimulator (CoS), a lymphokine obtained by stimulation of murine spleen cells with concanavalin A (Con A). We show here that in the presence of CoS, cultures containing on average one lymph node lymphocyte (LNL) and Con A can be activated to produce single cytotoxic clones. This observation strongly suggests that one of the target cells of CoS is the CLP and provides more direct evidence for a two-signal mechanism for cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6966378 TI - Epidermal growth factor requirement for development of cultured mammary gland. AB - The mouse mammary gland in serum-free whole organ culture can be manipulated hormonally to undergo one complete physiological cycle consisting of lobuloalveolar development, functional differentiation and regression, mimicking processes that occur in vivo. A second cycle has not previously been achieved in vitro. The present study has identified a specific requirement for epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the morphological development of mammary lobuloalveoli, allowing two complete cycles of development and regression in culture. PMID- 6966379 TI - [Levamisole and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6966380 TI - Some parameters of cell-mediated immunity in colon cancer patients. AB - 16 colon cancer patients in the second clinical stage (according to the TNM classification), aged 34 to 71 years were studied before and 14 days after radical surgery. The in vitro cell-mediated immunity was evaluated using the rosette-forming test and blastogenic reactivity of blood lymphocytes to PHA. The percentage of total rosette-forming cells (T-cells) before and after surgery did not alter significantly (p less than 0.1). At the same time there was no significant difference between the number of rosette-forming cells in cancer patients compared to donors (p less than 0.1). Blastogenic reactivity of lymphocytes to PHA expressed as a stimulation index (S. I.) showed a significant decrease of that parameter in patients compared to donors (p less than 0.001). The S. I. was lower in patients 14 days after surgery than prior to treatment (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6966382 TI - [Bleeding Meckel's diverticulum. Apropos of a case diagnosed by scintigraphy]. AB - Abdominal imaging after intravenous injection of 99m Tc pertechnetate is a simple diagnostic procedure to show ectopic gastric mucosa. A case of Meckel's diverticulum show by Technectium scanning is described. It is concluded that abdominal imaging is useful in the preoperative investigations for rectal bleeding. PMID- 6966381 TI - Isolation and characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in the central nervous system of the guinea-pig with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - The inflammatory infiltrate of the central nervous system in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the guinea-pig has been isolated and characterized. Inflammatory cells found over the surface of the brain and spinal cord and within the leptomeninges have been isolated by washing, and were subsequently identified by a number of methods. By light microscopy approximately 60% were lymphocytes, 30% were cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series, and 5% were neutrophils: the occasional plasma cell and eosinophil were also identified. E, EA and EAC rosetting tests were used to determine the proportions of T lymphocytes (both early and late), and cells with Fc and C3 receptors respectively. Particular attention was paid to cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series bearing Fc and C3 receptors to determine whether any change or loss of these receptors was apparent. The percentage of phagocytic cells from the brain and spinal cord washes was also determined. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed that a large proportion of the inflammatory infiltrate consisted of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series. This study therefore confirms that the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series play a predominant role in EAE. PMID- 6966383 TI - [Hepato-portal circulatory changes after splenorenal anastomosis]. AB - Hepatoportal circulation changes after the shunt were examined angiographically in 5 patients subjected to splenoportal anastomosis and splenectomy. Arterioportography was employed in all cases. Catheterisation of the anastomosis was carried out in 1 patient and suprahepatic phlebography in another. The anastomosis was found to be patent in all cases. A hepatopetal portal flow was noted solely in the two patients examined six days after surgery. Disappearance of hepatic portal perfusion was observed in one of these patients on the 15th postoperative day. Controls carried out one month, one year, and five years after the operation showed that the mesenteric-portal flow was fully deviated through the shunt towards the vena cava in all patients. Selective hepatic arteriography showed an inverted portal flow in 3 patients. An increase in the calibre of the trunk of the hepatic artery and the entire intrahepatic artery network was always present. PMID- 6966385 TI - [Endoscopic control in cimetidine treatment of hemorrhages of the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 6966384 TI - [Is hypersplenism a contraindication of distal splenorenal shunt?]. AB - The effect of the distal spleno-renal shunt on hypersplenism has been investigated on 19 out of 20 patients undergoing this procedure at the 2nd Department of Surgery Pizzamiglio, Niguarda Hospital of Milan. 6 patients had an hypersplenism of high degree (platelet count less than 50;000/mm3), 11 of moderate degree (platelet count greater than or equal to 50,000 and less than 100,000/mm3) and 2 of low degree (platelet count greater than 100,000 and less than 100,000/mm3). Platelet count significantly improved after the operation (p less than 0.01) and hypersplenism resulted cured or ameliorated in 17 out of 19 patients under study. After briefly discussing the pathogenesis of hypersplenism in patients bearing portal hypertension, the A. conclude that hypersplenism also severe is not "per se" a contraindication to Warren shunt. PMID- 6966386 TI - [Immunologic function of the tonsils in relation to immune competent T and B cells in children]. AB - The authors introduced a E and EAC rosette-forming cell technique with semiquantitative evaluation of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 56 healthy persons of both sexes and of different ages. The percentages of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and tonsils of 31 children was also calculated. The percentage of rosette forming cells in E and EAC suspensions appeared to be independent of age and sex. The percentage of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood is significantly higher than in the tonsils, whereas the percentage of B lymphocytes is significantly higher in the tonsils than in the peripheral blood. The percentage of T lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher in hypertrophic as the mean percentage of T lymphocytes in tonsils of 31 children. Also in tonsils with adhesions there was a statistically significant higher percentage of EAC rosettes than in tonsils free of adhesions. PMID- 6966388 TI - The effect of early versus late physical maturation on adolescent behavior. PMID- 6966387 TI - Experience with the management of deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injury. Part II: a critical evaluation of the anticoagulant therapy. AB - Eight acute spinal injury patients with deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary emboli are presented witn an in-depth analysis and management of anticoagulation therapy. Special considerations for acute spinal cord injury patients with regards to prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation by heparin and coumadin are discussed. There was a wide variation in the requirement of heparin and/or coumadin to maintain effective coagulability which could only be elicited by frequent laboratory monitoring. Inadequate dose and shorter duration of administration of anticoagulant resulted in recurrence of thromboembolism in three out of eight patients in the present series. Haemorrhagic complications were minor and easily manageable. Co-trimoxazole potentiation of coumadin action occurred in two of our patients and it requires special mention as the drug is used increasingly in the treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 6966389 TI - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Among the many theories put forth to explain sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a theory of vitamin D deficiency. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) serum concentrations were measured in 31 SIDS and 24 postmortem control infants. 25-OHD was 19.0 +/- 7.9 mg/ml in SIDS, 16.9 +/- 5.2 ng/ml in acute death control infants, and 11.9 +/- 4.4 ng/ml in in-hospital deaths. For four "near miss" infants the mean serum 25-OHD concentration was 21.1 +/- 4.1 ng/ml. The mean serum 25-OHD concentration of 39 living premature or small-for-gestational-age infants at 3 months of age was 26 +/- 9.9. Serum calcium and serum copper concentrations were also the same in SIDS and control infants. Parathyroid hormone was measured in ten and was detectable in five SIDS infants. These data eliminate a simple vitamin D deficiency or a 25-OHD deficiency as a significant contribution to the pathophysiology of SIDS. PMID- 6966390 TI - [Functional state of the T- and B-lymphocytes in children with chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6966391 TI - [Acupuncture and electropuncture in the overall therapy of diseases in children]. PMID- 6966392 TI - [Histiocytoses, uncommon diseases of unknown etiology and fatal development]. PMID- 6966393 TI - [Solitary ulcer of the rectum (author's transl)]. AB - Solitary ulcer of the rectum is no longer considered as an idiopathic or autonomous disease. It is probably due to mucosal microtraumas, the most frequent being that resulting from anterior or complete rectal prolapse. Characteristic histopathological features can easily be recognized in biopsies taken from the edges or around the ulcers. This concept leads to a policy of consistent therapeutic measures: re-education of bowel habit and as a last resort surgery, either abdominal proctopexy or postanal pelvic floor repair. PMID- 6966394 TI - [Prevention of methotrexate toxicity during intensive neoplasm treatment]. PMID- 6966395 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of rheumatoid diseases. AB - The diagnosis of most collagen diseases requires particular clinical findings. Rheumatoid factor assays are tests commonly used to detect seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Latex tests are highly sensitive for rheumatoid factors but relatively nonspecific for rheumatoid arthritis, while sheep cell agglutination tests are moderately insensitive for rheumatoid factors but highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis. These tests are not helpful in following the course of the disease, however, since titers remain stable. Serial observations of elevated C reactive protein levels or ESR may be more helpful in this regard. Specific antibodies have been identified for some collagen diseases, notably the mixed connective tissue disease syndrome, aiding in differential diagnosis. PMID- 6966396 TI - [Fetal weight of rats preliminarily immunized with tissue extracts of heterologous and homologous thyroid gland]. PMID- 6966397 TI - [Study of the relationship between the function of the lymphocytes and monocytes and the level of various lipids and 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in diabetes mellitus]. AB - On the example of diabetes mellitus there was shown a close interrelationship between the blood lymphocytes and monocytes function, on the one hand, and the disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism--on the other hand. Patients were examined both during the decompensated stage of diabetes and during the compensated one as a result of treatment. A reduction of lipid and 11 oxycorticosteroid level, a rise in T-lymphocyte percentage, an increase of the lymphocyte blasttransformation reaction, and of lysosomal and phagocytic activity of monocytes followed the treatment. PMID- 6966398 TI - Role of the degradation process in the mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor. AB - The protease inhibitor leupeptin inhibits the degradation process of (125)I labeled epidermal growth factor ((125)I-EGF) by cultured bovine granulosa cells. At 80 mug/ml, leupeptin inhibited the appearance of degradation products of (125)I-EGF in the medium by 95% during 1 hr of incubation and by 90% during 24 hr of incubation when the cells were exposed to 5 ng of (125)I-EGF per ml. In contrast, cultures exposed to either saturating (10 ng/ml) or nonsaturating (0.1 ng/ml) concentrations of EGF in the presence of leupeptin (80 mug/ml) exhibited an increase in DNA synthesis that was 70-80% that of cultures exposed to EGF alone. Cultures responded to either EGF or fibroblast growth factor with a logarithmic increase in cell number and, over a period of 8 days, the number of cells increased 10- to 18-fold. Addition of leupeptin did not diminish the growth rate of the cultures. In the presence of leupeptin, (125)I-EGF accumulated within the granulosa cells and was in a form that was precipitable with antiserum against EGF and that comigrated on isoelectric focusing with native (125)I-EGF. That a full mitogenic response can be obtained despite a 90-95% inhibition of EGF degradation at either saturating or nonsaturating concentrations of the mitogen suggests that a proteolytic degradation of a given mitogen may not be involved in the induction of a proliferative response. PMID- 6966399 TI - Antibody directed against Friend leukemia virus stimulates DNA synthesis in a subpopulation of mouse B lymphocytes. AB - Goat and rat antisera directed against Friend leukemia virus (anti-FLV) were found to be B-lymphocyte mitogens stimulating DNA synthesis in these cells but not in T lymphocytes. Membrane fluorescence microscopy showed that anti-FLV reacts with a subset of B lymphocytes of which the majority express immunoglobulin mu chains. The mitogenic effect was found with all mouse strains tested including 129 and AKR. Absorption experiments with purified viruses indicated that the mitogenic effect is specific for an antigen present in murine leukemia viruses of the FMR subgroup. In absorption experiments with viable cells, the antigen involved in mitogenicity was found to be expressed on Friend erythroleukemia cell lines (4/4) and on myelomas (2/2) but not on normal thymus T lymphomas (0/2) or on rabbit or mink cells infected with BALB/c xenotropic virus. Preincubation of spleen cells with anti-gp70 antiserum inhibited the mitogenic effect of anti-FLV but not of lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6966400 TI - Discrete stages of human intrathymic differentiation: analysis of normal thymocytes and leukemic lymphoblasts of T-cell lineage. AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies was used to define three discrete stages of human intrathymic T-cell differentiation. The earliest stage was confined to <10% of thymocytes, which were.reactive with both OKT9 and OKT10. Subsequently, approximately 70% of human thymocytes acquired a thymocyte-restricted antigen, OKT6, lost OKT9 antigen, and expressed reactivity with OKT4 and OKT5. These last two monoclonal antibodies were previously shown to define inducer (helper) and cytotoxic/suppressor populations, respectively, in peripheral blood. The OKT4(+), OKT5(+), OKT6(+) "common" thymocyte population represents the majority of thymocytes and accounts for more than 70% of thymocytes. With further maturation, thymocytes lose OKT6 reactivity, segregate into OKT4(+) and OKT5(+) subsets, and acquire reactivity with OKT3 (and OKT1). This latter stage corresponds to the more functionally mature subset. The possible relationship of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of T-cell lineage to these proposed stages of intrathymic differentiation was determined. Analysis of 25 tumor populations showed that 21 could be related to one or another differentiative stage. The majority (15/21) were derived from an early thymocyte or prothymocyte subpopulation, 5/25 were derived from a common thymocyte subpopulation, and 1/25 was derived from a mature (OKT3(+)) subpopulation. These data suggest that is it now possible to define stages of T-cell differentiation that can be related to T-cell malignancies in humans. PMID- 6966401 TI - Clonal anergy: persistence in tolerant mice of antigen-binding B lymphocytes incapable of responding to antigen or mitogen. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to determine the degree of reduction in the number of antigen-binding B lymphocytes in the spleens of mice that had been rendered tolerant in the perinatal period. Newborn or pregnant mice were injected with fluorescein (Flu) coupled onto human gamma globulin, and the spleen cells of the neonatally injected mice, or of the offspring of the pregnant mice, were analyzed 1-6 weeks later. Tolerogen doses were chosen so as to achieve either a two-thirds reduction (low dose) in the number of anti-Flu B cells capable of yielding anti-hapten plaque-forming cell clones after in vitro stimulation, or as representing a supra-optimal tolerogenic stimulus (high dose). Antigen-binding B cells were studied by a two-cycle procedure, namely an initial cycle of binding to Flu-gelatin thin layers, followed by analysis of the binding cells in the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) after suitable staining with Flu protein conjugates. With the high dose of tolerogen, a modest diminution in Flu binding cell numbers down to 56-71% of control values could be induced. When these residual Flu-specific B cells were analyzed in the FACS to quantitate their spectrum of Flu-binding avidities, profiles identical to those of controls were obtained. The reduction proved transient in nature, binding cell numbers having returned to 80% of normal by 2 weeks and to normal by 6 weeks. Nevertheless, the Flu-specific B cells were incapable of responding to antigen or mitogen by antibody formation. With the low dose of tolerogen, despite the desired degree of functional silencing of Flu-specific B cells, the numbers and avidity spectra of antigen-binding cells were entirely normal in both the neonatally injected and in utero-injected groups. The results indicate that tolerance induced amongst immature B lymphocytes is not due to a physical elimination of the relevant B cell clones or to a modulation or blockade of their surface Ig receptors. Rather, it is due to the recognition and storage of negative signals amongst cells that continue to display a normal complement of receptors. We therefore propose that the term "clonal anergy" is a more accurate description than either "clonal deletion" or "clonal abortion." PMID- 6966403 TI - Autoantibody to centromere (kinetochore) in scleroderma sera. AB - Sera from patients with scleroderma contained several autoantibodies to nuclear antigens which were distinguished by different patterns of nuclear immunofluorescence staining. One of these autoantibodies reacted with centromeric regions of chromosomes. In chromosome spreads, the staining appeared as two small spheres at the centromere, resembling kinetochores. The antigenic determinant appeared to be a protein or polypeptide tightly bound to DNA. The autoantibody was reactive with centromeres of cells derived from humans, mice, and Chinese hamsters. The autoantibody was present in high frequency in the calcinosis/Raynaud's phenomenon/esophageal dysmotility/sclerodactyly/telangiectasia variant (CREST) of scleroderma. PMID- 6966404 TI - H-2 restriction: independent recognition of H-2 and foreign antigen by a single receptor. AB - We describe two situations in which the recognition of hapten can compensate for the lack of recognition of appropriate H-2 gene products in hapten-specific, H-2 restricted, T lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. First, we show that although recognition of appropriate H-2 gene products is essential for the lysis of target cells bearing a low hapten density, significant hapten-specific lysis of H-2 inappropriate target cells is observed at high levels of target cell derivatization. Secondly, we show that hapten-conjugated anti-H-2 antibody inhibits cytolysis poorly even though its binding to target cell H-2 antigens is equivalent to that of underivatized antibody. These results suggest that hapten and H-2 are recognized independently and are therefore inconsistent with the altered-self model. Although our data do not exclude the dual-recognition model, we prefer to interpret them within the framework of a single-receptor model in which hapten and H-2 are recognized independently by receptors of identical idiotype on the T cell. We postulate that the affinity of these receptors for the relevant H-2 gene product is low enough so that the T cell is not activated by encounters with normal-self cells expressing that H-2 gene product. However, when self cells express in addition a foreign antigen that can also be recognized by the same receptor, then the force of T cell-target cell interaction may be increased sufficiently to activate T cell effector function. PMID- 6966402 TI - T-cell-dependent B-cell stimulation is H-2 restricted and antigen dependent only at the resting B-cell level. AB - Cloned lines of helper thymus-derived (T) cells produce help for bone marrow derived (B) cell growth and Ig secretion in the presence of histocompatible adherent cells and of specific antigen. This help stimulates histocompatible as well as histoincompatible B-cell blasts polyclonally. Thus, neither antigen nor histocompatibility, but antigen-unspecific factor(s) for growth and Ig secretion are required to stimulate a B-cell blast through the next round of division. On the other hand, only histocompatible, resting, small B cells, and only those binding their specific antigen, can be stimulated by antigen-activated T-cell help to initiate growth and Ig secretion. The preference of the resting B cells for such collaboration with T-cell help is mapped to the K end of the H-2 histocompatibility locus, and probably constitutes the antigen expressed on B cells by the immune response (I) region. It appears that a resting B cell is excited by the binding of specific antigen to surface Ig and by the interaction of its surface Ia antigen with helper T cells. After this dual recognition the excited B cell can be stimulated by the antigen-unspecific factor(s) generated by the interaction of helper T-cells, adherent cells, and antigen to initiate replication. PMID- 6966405 TI - Suppression of tumor rejection by autologous anti-idiotypic immunity. AB - Autologous anti-idiotypic responses to tumorspecific lymphocytes altered the capability of mice to reject syngeneic tumors. This was shown by using two non crossreacting fibrosarcoma lines, 1591 and 1316, induced by ultraviolet light. Cells from these tumor lines are regularly rejected when transplanted into normal syngeneic C3H mice but grow progressively in animals immunosuppressed by irradiation with ultraviolet light or by x-irradiation and thymectomy. Immunization of normal mice with 1591-specific lymphoblasts that had been generated in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell cultures caused a loss of resistance to 1591 tumor cells, but the animals remained resistant to 1316 tumor cells. In vitro, spleen cells from animals immunized with 1591-specific lymphoblasts did not generate cytolytic T cells to 1591 fibrosarcoma cells, but spleen cells from the same animals responded normally to 1316 fibrosarcoma cells. Furthermore, spleen cells from animals immunized with 1591-specific lymphoblasts contained idiotype-specific T cells that lysed 1591-specific lymphoblasts, whereas 1316 specific lymphoblasts were unaffected. Immunization of normal animals with nonresponding lymphocytes from the same mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell cultures as the 1591-specific lymphoblasts showed normal responses to both tumors in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that changes in the balance of tumor-specific and anti-idiotypic T lymphocyte clones can influence the capability of an individual to respond effectively to tumor antigens and can determine whether a tumor grows or regresses. PMID- 6966407 TI - A method for the removal of endotoxin from purified colony-stimulating factor. PMID- 6966409 TI - Tube running activity in mice: a method to evaluate the behavioural effects of drugs. AB - A new method to study locomotor activity in mice has been developed. The time it takes for a mouse to run 100 cm in a narrow tube is measured. In the present study the effects of various environmental factors on this tube running activity have been examined. The most important factor was found to be the frequency of testing. With repeated testing the run time was increased, which probably is due to a decrease in exploratory activity. However, tube running seems not to be a specific measure of exploratory activity. Administration of nialamide alone (50 200 mg/kg IP) as well as combined with 5-hydroxy-DL-tryptophan (6.25-25 mg/kg IP) gave a dose measuring 5-hydroxy-tryptamine mediated behaviour. PMID- 6966408 TI - Monoamine roles in retention and reversal of delayed response in cats. AB - Two experiments were performed to study the effects of manipulation of central monoamines upon behavior in a delayed response (DR) situation. In the first study, serotonin (5-HT) levels were increased by administration of 5-hydroxy-L tryptophan (5-HTP) and RO4-4602, a decarboxylase inhibitor, to cats that had overlearned the DR. This intervention had no significant effect upon performance in the 0 sec delay condition, but significantly increase error and non-response scores during delay trials; the effect is specific to an "information holding" demand upon the animal and according to the neurochemical analysis appears to be due to a central effect of 5-HT. In a second experiment, dopamine levels were raised by L-DOPA administration during a reversal of the original DR situation, and the effect of L-DOPA on the evolution of response strategies was observed. All animals developed a position habit that proved impossible to correct but L DOPA animals developed a significant position habit more quickly than controls, thus suggesting a possible relationship between the neostriatal dopamine accumulation and behavioral plasticity. PMID- 6966406 TI - Radioimmunoassay for the vitamin K-dependent protein of bone and its discovery in plasma. AB - The vitamin K-dependent protein of bone has been detected in human plasma by radioimmunoassay at 4.5 ng per ml. The plasma protein has the same apparent molecular weight as the pure bone Gla protein (BGP) and other studies indicate the plasma protein is probably the intact bone protein. BGP also has been detected in bovine serum by radioimmunoassay. The bovine serum levels of BGP decrease with developmental age from 200 ng per ml in fetal calves to 26 ng per ml in adult cows. The implications of the discovery of BGP in plasma to the function of this unique protein are discussed. This assay employs rabbit antibody directed against calf BGP and has a sensitivity of 0.1 ng. The antibody crossreacts with purified human BGP but not with BGP from rat or rabbit bone. Studies with peptides of known structure derived from enzymatic digests of BGP indicate that the rabbit antibody recognizes the COOH-terminal region of the 49 residue calf bone protein. PMID- 6966410 TI - Resume of 400 cases of acute upper digestive tract bleeding treated by rhubarb alone. PMID- 6966411 TI - Establishing a postsurgical TENS program. PMID- 6966412 TI - Reduction of rat thymocyte interphase death by hyperthermia. PMID- 6966413 TI - Emission computerised axial tomography. PMID- 6966414 TI - [Fever of unknown origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966416 TI - This is an exciting time to be a nurse. PMID- 6966417 TI - Focus on ethics. PMID- 6966415 TI - [Recurrent digestive hemorrhage. Apropos of a case of intestinal leiomyoma]. PMID- 6966418 TI - Keynote speaker gives nursing strategies for the 80's. PMID- 6966419 TI - [Current aspects of the surgical treatment of portal hypertension]. PMID- 6966420 TI - [Current concepts of cellular immunology]. PMID- 6966421 TI - Increase in T gamma lymphocytes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - A significant increase in the proportion (mean 38% +/- 9.3 SD) and absolute number of T gamma (suppressor) lymphocytes was observed in 13 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) compared with 20 normal controls (mean 19% +/ 6.5). Conversely, the proportion of T mu (helper) lymphocytes was lower in CLL (mean 27% +/- 9.3) than in the controls (mean 40% +/- 4), although the absolute numbers were normal or increased. It is suggested that an imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets controlling B-lymphocyte differentiation may be relevant in the pathogenesis of CLL or some of its associated features. PMID- 6966422 TI - Distribution of glycosaminoglycans in rheumatoid cultures and effects of cortisol on it. PMID- 6966423 TI - Functional evaluation of aortocoronary bypass surgery by exercise testing. AB - Exercise stress test was performed prior to and after aortocoronary bypass surgery in 91 male patients in an attempt to quantitate the change of physical capacity after operation and to correlate this to clinical improvement and late shunt angiography. The mean maximal work load was significantly higher after than prior to surgery in all groups. In average the maximal work load increased 65%. No difference was found between patients who were operated on for stable angina pectoris and those with unstable angina or impending myocardial infarction. Patients, who subjectively were without symptoms or much better after surgery, had a higher maximal work load after operation than those who were subjectively less improved or worse. In a sub-group of patients the maximal oxygen consumption was calculated in per cent of normal values for the age. The mean maximal oxygen consumption increased from 59% prior to surgery to 76% of normal values after surgery. PMID- 6966424 TI - Myocardial infarction after aortocoronary bypass surgery. The incidence in 187 consecutive patients and the late postoperative significance. PMID- 6966425 TI - [The study of exocrine pancreas function by means of orally administered N benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-praaminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA-test). Evaluation after 5 years clinical experience]. AB - Exocrine pancreatic function was assessed in 588 persons by oral administration of 1 g of the chymotrypsin-labile peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-paraaminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA) from 1974 to 1979. The BT-PABA-test was performed in 126 controls, 217 patients with pancreatic diseases, 196 patients with various non-pancreatic gastrointestinal diseases, 18 patients with renal diseases, and 31 patients with various other diagnoses. In 62 of 72 patients (86.1%) with chronic pancreatitis and in 19 of 25 patients with pancreatic carcinoma the excretion of paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA) in the urine was significantly less than in the controls. In contrast, 328 of 353 controls and patients with non-pancreatic diseases (92.9%) had a PABA excretion within normal limits. The sensitivity and specificity of the BT-PABA observed in this study is sufficient to detect moderate to severe disturbances of exocrine pancreatic function. The replacement of the liquid test-meal by a standard breakfast and additional meals taken during the collection period 4 or 5 hours after peptide intake did not influence the results of the BT-PABA-test, thus considerably simplifying the BT-PABA-test. PMID- 6966427 TI - [Surgical possibilities of restoring the impaired functions of sclerosed urinary bladder in patients with spinal cord injury]. PMID- 6966426 TI - [Remote results of the use of short-term artificial pneumothorax and intravenous intermittent chemotherapy in tuberculosis]. PMID- 6966428 TI - Findings in percutaneous transhepatic portography and variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic portography was performed upon 57 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Forty-nine patients experienced one or more bleeding episodes from gastroesophageal varices. The portographic findings and the free portal pressure were compared with the occurrence and severity of variceal bleeding. The occurrence of bleeding was related to the large cephalad collaterals from the splenic vein and the short gastric veins and coronary vein arising from the splenic vein, and to high portal pressure. The severity of the bleeding was directly related to the same collaterals and to the degree of extrahepatic shunting. No consistent relationships were noted between variceal bleeding and other collateral systems, including gastroesophageal varices. The results possibly indicate that, in patients with cirrhosis, percutaneous transhepatic portography may be of value in planning treatment and assessing the prognosis. PMID- 6966429 TI - Radiological evaluation of cerebello-pontine angle epidermoid tumor. AB - The authors present a case of cerebello-pontine angle epidermoid tumor with emphasis on radiologic investigation. The limitation of computerized tomography in the proper evaluation of these lesions and the complementary role of studies like pneumoencephalography is discussed. PMID- 6966430 TI - Posterior inferior cerebellar aneurysm in the fourth ventricle. AB - The authors report a very rare case of ruptured aneurysm in the fourth ventricle. This aneurysm arose at the elongated supratonsillar segment of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery and successful clipping was carried out after splitting the lower vermis. PMID- 6966431 TI - [Circulating T- and B-lymphocyte indices in chronic enteritis]. PMID- 6966432 TI - [Morphological characteristics of haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs caused by parvo like viruses (author's transl)]. AB - Various outbreaks of parvo-like virus infection in dogs are reported. A form of haemorrhagic enteritis was observed, which was microscopically characterized by a hypo-regenerative villous atrophy of the small intestine, which bears a close resemblance to the typical lesion of feline panleucopenia. This pathomorphological feature may be regarded as typical of canine enteritis due to a parvo-like virus. PMID- 6966433 TI - Danazol inhibits human adrenal 21-and 11 beta-hydroxylation in vitro. AB - The effects of danazol on steroidogenesis in vitro in the 16-20 week old human fetal adrenal were examined by studying: 1) danazol binding to adrenal microsomal and mitochondrial cytochrome P-450, and 2) enzyme kinetics of danazol inhibition of the adrenal microsomal 21-hydroxylase and the mitochondrial 11 beta hydroxylase. The addition of danazol to preparations of adrenal microsomes or mitochondria elicited a type I cytochrome P-450 binding spectrum. Danazol bound to microsomal cytochrome P-450 binding spectrum. Danazol bound to microsomal cytochrome P-450 with a high affinity apparent spectral dissociation constant (KS) of 1 microM and with a lower affinity K's of 10 microM. Danazol bound to mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 with a KS of 5 microM. In addition, danazol competitively inhibited the microsomal 21-hydroxylase (apparent enzymatic inhibition constant KI = 0.8 microM) and the mitochondrial 11 beta-hydroxylase (KI = 3 microM). These findings demonstrate that low concentrations of danazol directly inhibit steroidogenesis in the human fetal adrenal in vitro. PMID- 6966434 TI - Sequential evaluation of immunoreactivity in patients with melanoma undergoing surgery and adjuvant therapy. AB - The immunologic profile of 15 patients undergoing surgery and adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for cutaneous melanoma was studied for a mean period of 18 months. In vivo cellular immunity was assayed by evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity response (DHR) to primary antigen and a panel of recall antigens. In vitro cellular immunity was evaluated to means of total and T lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood and by the lymphocyte blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin stimulation. Humoral immunity was assayed by determining the serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM and of complement components C3c, C4 and Factor B. Phagocytic activity was studied by testing leukocyte chemotaxis, neutrophil phagocytosis and leukocyte random migration. The in vitro parameters were determined preoperatively at diagnosis, 6 times during the first 2 postoperative weeks, and then every month during adjuvant therapy. No correlation was found between DHR and clinico-pathologic stage of tumor, or with subsequent clinical course. Significant depression of total lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte count and blastogenic response of lymphocytes was found at diagnosis. The lymphocyte response to PHA decreased significantly in the early postoperative period but returned to preoperative levels one week after surgery. Periodic fluctuations of lymphocyte blastogenic response and progressive decrease of total lymphocyte counts and T-lymphocyte counts were observed during the 18-month follow-up. No significant alterations of immunoglobulin levels were recorded at diagnosis or during the postoperative period. Complement levels were within normal values preoperatively; in the early postoperative period a transient increase of C3c, C4 and Factor B was recorded, then complement levels progressively decreased. Parameters of phagocytic activity were normal at diagnosis and fluctuated within the normal range throughout the whole period of study. PMID- 6966435 TI - The endocrine background of human renal cell carcinoma. V. Binding of the highly potent androgen methyltrienolone (R 1881) by tumour cytosol. AB - The binding of methyltrienolone (R 1881, 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra 4,9,11-trien-3-one), a highly active synthetic androgen, by cytosol preparations from human renal cell carcinoma was investigated. High-affinity, low-capacity binding components for R 1881 were detected in 3 out of 8 tumours analysed. The apparent dissociation constant of the R 1881-binder complexes was found to be in the range of 1.1-2.3 x 10(-9) mol/l. The number of binding sites in the positive tumours varied from 2.1 to 9.7 fmol/mg cytosol protein. Studies of binding specificity indicated a requirement for androgens. It is concluded that these binding components may be hormone receptors. If in consecutive studies this hypothesis holds true, progestins, most widely used in hormonal therapy of metastatic renal cancer, may possibly act on the tumour tissue by inhibiting the secretion of gonadotropins, thus lowering the blood levels of eventually growth promoting. PMID- 6966436 TI - [Occupational changes in the organ of hearing and balance in sailors and fisherman]. PMID- 6966437 TI - [Role of physical factors in the treatment of adhesive disease]. PMID- 6966438 TI - [Clinical and experimental basis for the permissibility of blood reinfusion from the abdominal cavity in wounds that penetrate into the gastrointestinal tract lumen]. PMID- 6966439 TI - The immunological approach to pregnancy diagnosis: a review. AB - The developing embryo/fetus bears antigens which are foreign to the mother and it could be expected that immune rejection of the conceptus would occur. One of the reasons why the fetus is not rejected is because a depression of the maternal immune response takes place during pregnancy. Serum from pregnant animals of several species has been shown to contain a factor, early pregnancy factor (EPF), which is immunosuppressive. EPF has been detected as early as six hours after mating and its detection could aid diagnosis of early pregnancy in all species. PMID- 6966440 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of bleeding tumors of the small intestine]. PMID- 6966441 TI - [X-ray and radioisotopic comparisons in evaluating the functional and morphological state of the stomach]. PMID- 6966442 TI - [Use of myodil in the diagnosis of brain abscesses and cysts]. PMID- 6966443 TI - [Uterine stimulation of cows after calving]. PMID- 6966445 TI - [Sinusoidal modulated currents in the overall treatment of ureterolithiasis]. PMID- 6966446 TI - [Cell immunity factors in patients with lung cancer treated by the split-course schedule method]. AB - The status of immune reactivity was studied dynamically in 42 patients with inoperable lung cancer, given radiotherapy after the split-course schedule. Twenty patients were followed up for over a 1 year period. The patients survival was found to depend on the degree of immunodepression during radiotherapy. PMID- 6966444 TI - [Effect of overall treatment using massage and sinusoidal modulated currents on the state of the sympathetic-adrenal and cholinergic systems in hypertension]. PMID- 6966447 TI - [Study of the growth zone of the thymus during the spontaneous development of mammary tumors in rats]. AB - The methods of quantitative histochemistry were employed to study a subcapsular zone of the thymus under development of spontaneous mammary tumors in rats. In case of pretumor changes (fibrous-cystic mastopathy) some alterations in the metabolism of thymocytes were noted, which were manifested in the absence of DNA gain, a reduced level of cytoplasmatic and nuclear RNA, and a lack of correlation between NADP-diaphorase and DNA dispersion. Changes in the metabolism of T lymphocytes at the initial stage of their maturation are likely to contribute to the occurrence of immunodepression followed by tumor appearance. PMID- 6966448 TI - [Restoration of the urinary bladder function in spinal cord lesions]. PMID- 6966449 TI - Haemophilus influenzae: secondary spread. PMID- 6966451 TI - Hemodynamic effects of an intravenous injection of mexiletine in patients hospitalised in intensive care units. AB - Hemodynamic effects of mexiletine were studied in 15 patients with normal sinus rhythm; most of them had a myocardial infarction. Except for a slight increase in peripheral vascular resistance, no other significant change in hemodynamic parameters was found after an intravenous injection of 1.5 mg/kg of mexiletine at 25 mg/min. PMID- 6966450 TI - [Content of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood of patients with polar types of leprosy]. AB - The content of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with polar types of leprosy and healthy adults was determined. The lepromatous (severe) form of leprosy was found to be accompanied by a sharp decrease in the percentage of T lymphocytes, while the percentage of B lymphocytes perceptibly increased. In patients with the tuberculoid type of leprosy only an insignificant decrease in the percentage of T lymphocytes was observed, while the level of B lymphocytes remained normal. These data indicate that in the severe form of leprosy cellular immunity is deeply suppressed, and the nonspecific stimulation of humoral immunity occurs. PMID- 6966452 TI - Mexiletine in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. AB - The effect of mexiletine, a new antiarrhythmic drug, was studied by oral (600 to 1200 mg/day) or intravenous (250 mg in 10 minutes) route in 45 patients; most of them had coronary insufficiency. Our results show that mexiletine is a potent ventricular antiarrhythmic drug which is efficient on several types of xylocaine resistant ventricular arrhythmias. In our experience, mexiletine is reliable when administered intravenously; there are frequent and sometimes severe side-effects when given orally. PMID- 6966453 TI - Pharmacokinetics of mexiletine in renal insufficiency. AB - Mexiletine (Mexitil) is an effective antiarrhythmic drug for the treatment of ventricular dysrhythmias. The therapeutic plasma level is situated between 0.75 and 2 microgram/ml. For concentrations higher than 2 microgram/ml, the percentage of severe side effects is rapidly increasing without improvement of the therapeutic efficacy. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of mexiletine are reviewed in the first part of this publication. Contrary to lidocaine, mexiletine may be administrated orally (or intravenously). It is largely and rapidly distributed in the body. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is greater than 500 1. The plasma half-time is 10 to 12 hours in healthy volunteers with a 70% plasma protein fixation. Mexiletine is largely metabolized to conjugates after N methylation and hydroxylation. In the second part of the work, the influence of renal insufficiency on the plasma half-time of mexiletine has been investigated in 11 patients presenting a creatinine clearance situated between 2 and 38 ml/min. The mean plasma half-time for these patients is 11.1 +/- 1.7 hours after a single i.v. injection of 1.5 mg/kg. This value is comparable to the normal values found in the literature. Our control group containing convalescents from acute myocardial infarct has a plasma half-time of only 5.9 hours. In conclusion, the renal insufficiency has not modified the plasma elimination half-time of mexiletine after a single i.v. injection. PMID- 6966454 TI - Adaptation of the dose of mexiletine according to pharmacokinetic data. AB - Although pharmacodynamic factors are very important in regard to the need for dose adaptation of mexiletine, pharmacokinetic factors also play a role. Pharmacokinetic variability for mexiletine is mainly due to interindividual differences in biotransformation rate in patients with normal hepatic function. Whether the existence of a compromised renal, hepatic or cardiac function alters dosage requirements is not clear. Oral administration of three times 250 mg daily is probably a good starting dose but adaptation will be necessary in many patients. The need for a loading dose depends on the urgency of the situation. For the intravenous administration a loading dose is always necessary. A regimen consisting of 100 to 250 mg mexiletine over 10 minutes, followed by 200 mg over 1 hour has been proposed. This is then followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5-2.5 mg/min. Pharmacodynamic variations notwithstanding, it is of interest to obtain plasma levels of mexiletine within the range of 1-2 microgram/ml. PMID- 6966455 TI - Hemodynamic effects of parenteral and oral mexiletine. AB - Intravenous mexiletine (250 mg in 10 min) given to patients at the acute stage of a myocardial infarction was responsible of a mild decrease of the left ventricular function; two of our patients presented bradycardia with hypotension, immediately corrected by atropine (i.v.). Adverse hemodynamic effects are seldom reported after oral administration. PMID- 6966456 TI - Hemodynamic, electrocardiographic and toxic effects of the intravenous administration of increasing doses of mexiletine in the dog. Comparison with similar effects produced by other antiarrhythmics. AB - The hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of intravenous injections of mexiletine in progressively increased doses, starting from 1.5 and 3 mg, have been studied in two series of 8 and 6 dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbital. The analysis of the results showed that absence of change in aortic pressure, heart rate and output when the minimal doses are injected, is due to the interaction of opposite effects: a direct depressing effect on the myocardial contractility, and a sympathic reflex stimulation secondary to a peripheral vasodilation. The comparison of hemodynamic, electrocardiographic and toxic effects of mexiletine with those produced by other antiarrhythmics showed that mexiletine placed itself among the better tolerated antiarrhythmics during the administration of progressively increasing doses. PMID- 6966457 TI - Penetrating abdominal injuries with special reference to knife wounds. PMID- 6966458 TI - Bleeding duodenal varices demonstrated by transhepatic portography. Report of a case misinterpreted as Bleeding duodenal Ulcer. AB - Bleeding duodenal varices are a rare complication of portal hypertension. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding from other sources than varices is common in patients with cirrhosis. Most often the bleeding is misinterpreted as bleeding from duodenal ulcer, and the diagnosis is first apparent during emergency operation. From our experience with a case of bleeding duodenal varices we suggest that the diagnostic procedure of choice is percutaneous transhepatic portography. PMID- 6966459 TI - Histophysiological effects of an antiandrogen (cyproterone acetate) on the testis of the frog Rana temporaria. AB - An attempt was made to study the effects of cyproterone acetate (CA), an antiandrogen, on the testicular activity of the frog Rana temporaria, employing histological and histochemical methods. Each treated frog received a total dose of 4 mg during the period of 4 weeks. Light-microscopic examinations revealed that CA blocked the formation of spermatids and mature sperms; however, the early stages of spermatogenesis, i.e. proliferation and development of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, remained unaffected. CA caused interstitial tissue disruption and degeneration, and led to the shrinkage of Leydig cells; the drug stopped the production of lipoidal material in the interstitial tissues. Also, a loss of testicular weight was documented in the frogs treated with CA. PMID- 6966460 TI - The invitro response of lymphocytes from adenoid vegetations and tonsils to PPD. Influence of autologous blood monocytes, T lymphocytes and unseparated lymphocytes. AB - Thymidine incorporation in lymphocytes obtained from adenoids (AVL), tonsils (TL) and blood (PBL) and stimulated by PPD was compared in 19 BCG-vaccinated patients. Responses were approximately tenfold higher in vaccinated than in unvaccinated patients. The responses obtained for AVL/TL were lower than for PBL in BCG vaccinated as well as in unvaccinated patients. In autologous mixtures of AVL/TL and PBL a linear increase in thymidine incorporation was obtained with increasing numbers of PBL. The monocyte concentration in cell suspensions obtained from adenoid and tonsil tissue was lower than in cells prepared from blood; addition of autologous monocytes purified from blood to cultures of AVL and TL was followed by a small increase in response to PPD, but not to the level of responsiveness of PBL. Addition of autologous T lymphocytes purified from blood to cultues of AVL and TL was followed by a small increase in thymidine incorporation, of similar proportions in cultures with and without PPD. It is concluded that the proportion of PPD-sensitized lymphocytes is smaller in AVL/TL than in PBL. PMID- 6966461 TI - Serum bactericidal effect on capsulated and non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6966462 TI - Early effect of ledakrin -- a nitro-derivative of acridine -- on cell membrane. AB - Ledakrin effect on the bioelectrical parameters of sodium ion transport (potential difference -- PD and short-circuit current -- SSC) and on Na22 transport across frog (R. esculenta) skin was studied in vitro. Ledakrin induced a biphasic action, after a phase of increase of PD, SCC and sodium flux the transport of sodium ions decreased gradually. The effect of this nitro-derivative of acridine was compared with that of Amiloride. When both these agents were given simultaneously only one phase developed, that is inhibition of sodium ion transport. In both situations there was a significant stimulation of outflux. The obtained results suggest that the external apical cell membrane of epithelial cells is the site of action of Ledakrin. PMID- 6966463 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E1 on T cell function in vivo. PMID- 6966465 TI - [Ocular pathology of rhino mouse. VII. Immunopathology of the retina and sclera (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966464 TI - [Ocular pathology of rhino mouse. VIII. Structure of the corneal surface (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966467 TI - Bleeding during acetylsalicylic acid and anticoagulant therapy in patients with reduced platelet reactivity after aortic valve replacement. PMID- 6966466 TI - Hemophilus influenzae cellulitis. PMID- 6966468 TI - Colonic varices. Unusual cause of rectal bleeding. AB - A 46-year old male with recurrent rectal bleeding is reported. Extensive radiographic studies, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and sigmoidoscopy failed to demonstrate any pathologic findings. Colonoscopy revealed varices in the rectosigmoid area. This paper reviews the subject of colonic varices. PMID- 6966469 TI - A histologic evaluation of mixed connective tissue disease in childhood. PMID- 6966471 TI - Reis-Bucklers' (ring-like) dystrophy of the cornea. AB - Reis-Bucklers' corneal dystrophy is an autosomal dominant disorder which primarily affects Bowman's membrane. Visual acuity begins to decrease around the age of 5 and continues to deteriorate over the next 20 years. The optometrist should be aware of the disorder so that the patient may be counseled regarding the genetic implications and should refer the patient to a corneal specialist when transplantation is required. PMID- 6966470 TI - Intraocular gas injection in the pseudophakic patient. AB - Two patients underwent vitrectomy with the use of intraocular gas. In one patient the cornea decompensated because of lens-cornea contact and in the second patient a surgical technique devised to protect the cornea from lens contact was used successfully. The technique consisted of injecting a smaller gas bubble into the anterior chamber before the instillation of the posterior chamber gas. PMID- 6966472 TI - Asymmetry in osmotic response of frog gastric mucosa. AB - The effects of hyperosmolality of the serosal and mucosal bathing solutions on the transmucosal net water and ion fluxes were studied in frog gastric mucosa. Addition of 100 mosM glucose to the solution at the serosal surface produces a reversed mucosal-to-serosal net water flux of 7.1 +/- 1.4 microliter . cm-2 . h 1. When added to the abolished spontaneous net water flux, this results in an increment in the net water flux of -17.8 +/- 1.4 microliter . cm-2 . h-1. Addition of the same amount of glucose to the solution at the mucosal surface produces an increment in the serosal-to-mucosal net water flux of 3.7 +/- 1.1 microliter . cm-2 . h-1 when the solution at the opposite surface was kept in 220 mosmol/kg H2O. Simultaneous increments of both solutions of 320 to 420 and 420 to 520 mosM changes the osmotic serosal-to-mucosal induced fluxes to 1.9 +/- 0.9 and 3.4 +/- 1.6 microliter . cm-2 . h-1, respectively. The initial spontaneous net water fluxes measured in 220, 320, and 420 mosM solutions were 11.3 +/- 0.9, 6.9 +/- 1.6, and -1.5 +/- 1.5 microliter . cm-2 . h-1. It is proposed that the osmotic water flux is asymmetric, independent of the solutions tonicities, and not significantly affected by the sweep of solutes at the mucosal surface. PMID- 6966474 TI - Interpretation by theoretical model of dynamic and steady components in frog gustatory response. AB - The behavior of dynamic component (slow component) and steady component of the frog glossopharyngeal nerve response to CaCl2, measured in number of impulses firing per second, was examined under various conditions. 1) The magnitude of the dynamic component increased with the flow rate below about 0.3 ml/s, whereas that of the steady component was independent of the flow rate. 2) The magnitude of the dynamic component increased with a rise of temperature between 2.5 and 20 degrees C, whereas that of the steady component was practically independent of temperature. Removal of Ca2+ from the receptor membrane yielded a large dynamic component even at 2.5 degrees C. 3) The treatment of the tongue with procaine led to a large reduction in the magnitude of the dynamic component, whereas the effect of procaine on the steady component was not pronounced. 4) The magnitude of the dynamic component varied with the pH of the stimulating solution, whereas that of steady component was practically independent of a pH between 4.5 and 7.5. The above results were well interpreted by the following reaction scheme: S (stimulus + A (receptor domain) in equilibrium (SA)active in equilibrium (SA) inactive where (SA) active and (SA) inactive are active and inactive complexes. PMID- 6966473 TI - Na+-dependent H+ and Cl- transport in in vitro frog gastric mucosa. AB - Na+ dependency of H+ and Cl- transport in resting and stimulated gastric mucosae was investigated. We measured transepithelial potential difference (PD), short circuit current (Isc), conductance, H+ secretion (JH), and unidirectional fluxes of 36Cl- (muscosal (m) to serosal (s), JClm leads to s and JCLs leads to m) during Isc conditions in Ussing-type chambers. Resting tissues: Na+-free serosal solution (choline replacement), but not mucosal, Ringer solution caused PD and Isc to decrease to zero with a time course identical to that observed with Cl- free solutions. Conductance also decreased by more than 50%. Isc = JCLs leads to m--JCLm leads to 8 = JClnet during control ([Na+] = 105 mM), and Na+-free conditions. When [Na+] = 50 mM (choline replacement) Isc (=JClnet) was reduced by approximately 25%; when K+ replaced Na+, Isc (=JClnet) was reduced by approximately 65%. The dependence of Isc on [Na+] (choline replacement) was sigmoidal indicating that there may be two sites at which Na+ activates Cl- secretion. Plots of 1/Isc vs. 1/[Cl-] with different [NA+] indicated, that the affinity of the Cl- "carrier" may be affected by [Na+]. stimulated tissues: Na+ free (choline replacement) solutions caused PD, Isc, and JClnet all to decrease to zero but sometimes Na+-containing mucosal solution caused JH to increase back to 50% of control, whereas Isc increased by only 16%. Na+-free effects were not reversed by 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP plus 0.1 mM isobutyl methylxanthine in the serosal solution. As [Na+] was increased, Isc (sigmoidal) and JH (monotonic) both increased. K+ replacement of Na+ caused a larger decrease in Isc than when choline was used; JH remained constant if [Na+] greater than or equal to mM. We have proposed that the energy-dependent step for active Cl- transport occurs at the serosal membrane in a Na+-coupled process. Cl- that accompanies JH during open-circuit conditions may utilize a separate system. PMID- 6966475 TI - [Clinical immunological aspects of genital endometriosis]. PMID- 6966476 TI - [Cellular immunity study of patients requiring resuscitation care]. PMID- 6966477 TI - Complement elevation in spinal cord injury. AB - Laboratory studies revealed an elevated complement in 66% of patients with spinal cord injury. It is postulated that the activated complement may be a component of self-feeding immunological mechanism responsible for the failure of regeneration of a mature mammalian spinal cord. There was no evidence that such an injury had any effect on pre-existing atopy. PMID- 6966478 TI - Primary aortoduodenal fistula: a case report and review of the literature. AB - The case of a 22-year-old female with spontanteous aortoduodenal fistula is presented, and a group of 185 other cases from the world literature are analyzed. Three additional cases were identified which did not appear to have an underlying pathologic process involving the aorta. Successful surgical correction depends upon a high index of suspicion. In the majority of patients the "herald bleed" allows a period for aggressive investigation. The "herald bleed" is usually rapid, painless, of large volume, and may present as hematochezia. Normal barium studies and endoscopy should heighten suspicion in patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Arteriography may define the case of bleeding and may also delineate the nature and extent of the vascular disease. If the aortic wall is of sufficient quality, direct oversewing has the advantage of avoiding the use of a foreign body in a potentially infected field. In the vast majority of patients a vascular prosthesis is required. Consideration should be given to subcutaneous extraanatomic reconstruction. PMID- 6966479 TI - Successful embolization of the dorsal pancreatic artery to control massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - Selective arterial embolization is an established technique to control gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who are poor surgical risks and in whom bleeding is uncontrolled by other methods. This article describes the control of upper gastrointestinal bleeding by subselective embolization of a bleeding branch of the dorsal pancreatic artery in a patient with severe pancreatitis. This is the first recorded successful embolization of the dorsal pancreatic artery to control hemorrhage. PMID- 6966480 TI - Conservative management of phantom-limb and amputation-stump pain. AB - The causes of pain in the amputation stump or in the so-called phantom limb are far from clear and a wide variety of methods of treatment have been used with varying degrees of success. Surgical techniques do not always give lasting relief and it is suggested that conservative methods such as vibration therapy and various forms of electrical stimulation may prove more helpful. PMID- 6966481 TI - [Long term angiographic changes in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966482 TI - Diagnosis of electric neurostimulating device dysfunction. AB - The recent advances in the area of electric neurostimulating devices have added important tools to the neurosurgeon in the treatment of numerous clinical problems. The diagnosis of equipment dysfunction poses a unique problem for the physician. This communication presents methods of testing these electric neurostimulating systems using the basic equipment found in any electronics laboratory. PMID- 6966484 TI - Transabdominal neurostimulation in treatment of neurogenic ileus. AB - Transabdominal neurostimulation (TANS) is an innovative concept used in the treatment of neurogenic ileus, which frequently follows chronic spinal cord or neurological lesions. It was used in the treatment of neurogenic ileus in 21 patients at Northwestern Memorial Hospital with rapid resolution of the ileus, elimination of nasogastric tubes, and institution of oral feedings soon after application. Major advantages in using TANS are effective resolution of ileus, ease of application, and lack of major gastrointestinal complications, especially those produced by nasogastric tubes. PMID- 6966483 TI - Dissolution of smooth platinum electrodes in biological fluids. AB - Quantitative measurements of the dissolution of smooth platinum electrodes resulting from stimulation of physiological saline with sinusoidal, square biphasic, square monophasic and direct currents have been made by spectrophotometric analysis of the stimulated solution. Results presented give an indication of the stimulus parameter region in which platinum dissolution is minimal and therefore potentially suitable as an implant electrode material. PMID- 6966485 TI - Combined valve and coronary artery surgery. AB - From 1970 to 1978, 79 patients (Group 1) underwent combined valve replacement and coronary bypass operation. They were compared with 79 consecutive subsequent patients (Group 2) undergoing similar valve replacement. In Group 1, 73% were men compared with 48% in Group 2. The average age in Group 1 was 60 years (range, 42 to 84 years) and in Group 2, 57 years (range, 29 to 74 years). When the patients were first seen, angina was present in 49% in Group 1 and only 24% in Group 2. More than 95% of the patients in both groups were in New York Heart Association Functional Class III or IV. Areas of abnormal contraction were twice as frequent in the angiograms of patients in Group 1 (43%). Thirty-three mitral, 44 aortic, and 2 aortic plus mitral valve replacements were performed in each group. One to 4 grafts were placed in each patient group. One to 4 grafts were placed in each patient in Group 1, and most had single or double grafts. Early morbidity was more frequent in Group 1. Early mortality was 5 to 6% in each group. Late mortality (average, 3.5 years after operation) was 16 to 17% in each group. The working status and Functional Classification at follow-up were similar for patients in both groups. Combined valve and coronary operation carried a similar operation risk and had similar late results as valve replacement alone. PMID- 6966486 TI - Application of multivariate analysis to the enzyme patterns in the serum of patients undergoing coronary artery operation. AB - Serial determinations of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase were performed in 50 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac operation for coronary artery bypass or combined valve replacement and coronary artery bypass. Thirty-seven patients (74%) who demonstrated minimal or no changes on the electrocardiogram manifested a recognizable pattern of distribution of the enzyme sequences. The pattern of these patients served as controls for the detection of abnormal patterns. All other patients were grouped together, regardless of clinical behavior. Perioperative myocardial infarction was established in 5 patients (10%) and resulted in 1 death. The purpose of this study was to apply discriminant analysis to two clinically determined patient groups in order to ascertain whether the three enzyme readings can be used to classify patients into their respective groups. The results suggest that enzyme profiles reflect degrees of myocardial damage that can serve to identify clinical infarction. PMID- 6966487 TI - Expeditious location of the embedded proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. AB - Retrograde passage of an intraluminal coronary artery probe to the proximal segment of the anterior descending coronary artery facilitates location of the vessel at operation. No related complications have occurred in 18 patients in whom this maneuver was performed. This method reduces the required dissection time and the hazard involved when aortocoronary bypass to an embedded left anterior descending coronary artery is necessary. PMID- 6966488 TI - Effect of metabolic inhibitors on 45Ca fluxes and ATP content of myelinated nerve. AB - The effects of metabolic inhibitors on ATP levels and on 45Ca fluxes were studied in desheathed tibial nerves of Rana pipiens. ATP levels were significantly reduced and Ca influx and efflux increased following exposure to cyanide, mersalyl, azide, dinitrophenol, iodoacetate or ethacrynic acid. The efflux changes were relatively small compared to squid axons but are not attributable to depolarization of the cell or to changes in the transmembrane Na gradient. The magnitude of the effluxes are consistent with ideas about the amount of labile Ca sequestered in energy-dependent Ca pools. The efflux stimulated by metabolic inhibitors is reduced by removing extracellular Na or Ca, indicating that a large portion of Ca efflux in the poisoned state is mediated by Na-Ca countertransport. In the nominal absence of both these cations Ca efflux can be stimulated by metabolic inhibitors, suggesting that mechanisms in addition to countertransport participate in Ca efflux. PMID- 6966489 TI - Evaluation of a new anti-inflammatory/analgesic compound F-776, 5-(4 chlorophenyl)-beta-hydroxy-2-furanpropanoic acid. AB - F-776, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-beta-hydroxy-2-furanpropanoic acid, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic drug which does not produce stomach ulcers. It's spectrum of activity includes full anti-inflammatory efficacy in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats; and ED50 value in the carrageenin hindpaw edema assay comparable to that of fenoprofen and ibuprofen; effectiveness in preventing and in diminishing developing and established adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in rats, respectively; significant reduction of granulation tissue formation around cotton pellets; significant decrease in erythema resulting from ultraviolet irradiation of guinea-pig skin; analgesia as determined in the rat paw pressure procedure; antipyretic activity in rats with yeast-induced fever; and an uricosuric effect noted at higher than anti-inflammatory doses. F-776 is not an immunosuppressant as determined in the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis rat model. Its mechanism of action is as yet undetermined. In conclusion, F-776 represents a new nonulcerogenic anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic compound with potential utility in different arthritic conditions. PMID- 6966490 TI - Perioperative assessment of segmental left ventricular function in man. Effects of nitroprusside after bypass operations. AB - Direct on-line assessment of postoperative ventricular function has not been possible. We assessed the feasibility of using pulse-transit sonomicrometry to measure regional function in man postoperatively. Ultrasonic transducers (3 mm in diameter) were implanted along the minor axis of the left ventricle at midwall depth into a region supplied by a bypass graft. All wires were tunneled subcutaneously. Pressures, ECG, and regional dimensions were monitored in eight patients continuously, and at 48 to 72 hours postoperatively, the effects of sodium nitroprusside were assessed. The transducers were withdrawn with no complications. Nitroprusside was associated with an increase in systolic shortening from 1.60 +/- 0.19 to 1.92 +/- 0.25 mm and rate of shortening from 12.13 +/- 1.85 to 15.34 +/- 2.38 mm/s at constant end-diastolic lengths. Using this technique for recording regional dimensions, nitroprusside therapy augmented function at a constant preload. PMID- 6966491 TI - Septal wall motion. Its significance on outcome of left ventricular scar resection. AB - To assess the importance of septal wall motion on patient outcome after resection of large akinetic and dyskinetic segments of left ventricle, the records of 70 patients undergoing left ventricular scar excision alone or in combination with myocardial revascularization procedures between January 1970 and January 1977 were reviewed. Patients requiring simultaneous prosthetic valve replacement were excluded. Preoperative left anterior oblique ventriculograms categorized this series of patients into two distinct groups, group A (36 patients) having normal septal wall motion and group B (34 patients) having akinetic or dyskinetic septal walls. Indications for operation and preoperative ejection fractions were similar in both groups. Analysis of these patients subjected to surgery with and without preoperative evidence of septal wall motion demonstrated no significant difference in either functional clinical capacity or in mortality. Mortality for both groups was 11%. Absence of ventricular septal wall motion has no significant effect on outcome of left ventricular scar resection and should not be used as a contraindication to surgery. PMID- 6966493 TI - False positive and negative hemoccult reactions on a normal diet and effect of diet restriction. AB - The reliability of Hemoccult, a guaiac-impregnated slide for detecting faecal occult blood, was assessed on both normal and restricted diets. Two-hundred-and twenty-five faecal samples were obtained from 40 patients on a normal diet, and 115 samples from 20 patients on a restricted diet. A single Hemoccult I test was performed on each sample. Faecal blood was quantitated by 51Cr red cell labelling. On a normal diet, the false positive rate was 11%. This reduced to 2% on a high fibre diet free of red meat and raw fruit and vegetables. This false positive rate is lower than has been previously reported for other, more widely used, occult blood tests. The overall false negative rate was 48%; this diminished with increasing faecal blood loss. PMID- 6966492 TI - Click lateralization and the auditory brain stem response. AB - Auditory brain stem function was evaluated in patients by means of (1) click lateralization thresholds and (2) auditory brain stem responses. In the three cases tested, clear qualitative agreement was seen between the behavioral results and the evoked-response findings. PMID- 6966494 TI - Immunological status may predict clinical outcome in BCG treated melanoma. AB - Twenty-seven patients with surgically resected stage II or III malignant melanoma were treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and followed prospectively to determine whether relapse could be predicted. Peripheral blood mononuclear (lymphocyte plus monocyte) counts (PBM), T and B cell counts, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) cytotoxicity, PHA transformation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and serum immunoglobulin concentrations were studied before and during therapy. Patients ultimately classified as having a poor clinical outcome (inoperable recurrence) were compared with those with a more favourable outcome. Prior to therapy, poor outcome patients had lower PBM and T cell counts but there was some overlap. After three months, these differences were more pronounced. Low PHA cytotoxicity was also associated with poor outcome; again the differences were more apparent at 3 months than prior to therapy. These results suggest that PBM, T cell counts and PHA cytotoxicity may predict poor outcome some months before inoperable recurrence in apparent clinically. PMID- 6966496 TI - A computer-assisted spectrophotometric enzyme assay. A method for the calculation of Km and V from a single reaction progress curve by the integrated form of the Lineweaver-Burke plot with particular reference to beta-lactamase. PMID- 6966495 TI - Immune thrombocytopenia induced by cotrimoxazole. AB - Cotrimoxazole administration is occasionally associated with thrombocytopenia. Interference with folate metabolism has been postulated. The drug has also been postulated to induce an autoantibody by acting as a hapten, but proof has not been forthcoming. A case is reported in which the serum has been shown to contain an anti-platelet autoantibody requiring sulphamethoxazole or cotrimoxazole for activity. PMID- 6966497 TI - Rate constants from the reaction of singlet oxygen with derivatives of p aminobenzoic acid. PMID- 6966498 TI - Resistance to therapy in mature Palmerston North mice treated with cyclophosphamide or hydrocortisone sodium succinate. AB - Inbred Palmerston North (PN) mice are a newly recognized model of systemic lupus erythematosus. In this study PN mice with established autoimmune disease were treated until death with cyclophosphamide (8 mg/kg/day) or hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg/day). These doses had previously been found to prevent or suppress disease in another lupus model, the NZB/NZW mouse. In the PN strain, autoantibodies, severity of glomerulonephritis, and longevity were not influenced by treatment. Furthermore, the incidence of neoplasms was not increased in PN mice receiving prolonged therapy with immunosuppressive drugs. Unlike NZB/NZW mice, PN mice were resistant to the effects of Cyclophosphamide and hydrocortisone. PMID- 6966499 TI - An epidemiologic study of households exposed to canine systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - To determine whether exposure to canine lupus is a risk for human lupus, we studied 83 members of 23 households exposed to 19 dogs with high titer antinuclear antibodies and compared these contact households to 50 members of 18 control households matched for dog age, sex, and primary veterinarian. No differences were found between contacts and controls in titer of antinuclear, antiDNA, antiRNA, and antilymphocyte antibodies, frequency of positive rheumatoid factor, or elevated serum immunoglobulins. Further analysis of subgroups by age, sex, and intensity of dog exposure did not reveal any serologic differences between contacts and controls. No cases of lupus were identified in either group. Three contact households and no controls reported a family history (remote from the household) of lupus. This study did not detect any clinical or serologic effect of human household exposure to dogs with high titer antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 6966500 TI - The in vitro effect of a calf thymus extract on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with warts. AB - T and B lymphocyte populations were evaluated in forty-one patients with multiple recurring warts. Active rosettes (T-Ea) and total T lymphocytes (T-Et) were significantly decreased. The in vitro effect of a calf thymus extract (TP-I) on peripheral blood lymphocytes was evaluated in thirty-three patients. A statistically significant increase in E-rosette forming cells was observed in twenty-three patients (69%). Serum blocking factors were not found in the patients with a positive response to TP-I, which suggests the possibility of a thymic hormone deficiency. In the case of non-responders to TP-I, on the other hand, an anti-lymphocyte antibody capable of directly blocking the hormone receptors on the undifferentiated lymphocytes may be postulated. PMID- 6966501 TI - Serum immunoglobulin values in patients with scabies. AB - Serum total IgE levels were found to be increased in thirty-nine of ninety-four patients with scabies investigated at the time of clinical presentation. One hundred and fifty-four patients were found to have a slightly lower serum concentration of IgA during infection than when measured 6 weeks and 9 months following successful treatment (P less than 0.05). The serum concentration of IgA at 6 weeks and 9 months after treatment did not differ significantly. The serum concentration of IgG during infection was significantly higher than 6 weeks later (P less than 0.05), and than 9 months later (P less than 0.01). The 6 weeks levels were significantly higher than the results at 9 month (P less than 0.01). The serum concentration of IgM during infection was higher than 6 weeks later (P less than 0.1). The 6 weeks levels were lower than those at 9 months (P less than 0.1), whereas there was no difference between the pretreatment and 9 months levels. No differences were noted in the concentration of C3 and C4. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) were not found in any of the patients. In thirty-two patients with lichen planus no changes in immunoglobulins or complement were observed. This suggests that scabies infection may be associated with a humoral immumological response against the scabies infection. PMID- 6966502 TI - Response to treatment in acute non-lymphatic leukaemia: prognostic value of colony forming and colony stimulating capacities of bone marrow and blood cells compared to other parameters. AB - Growth of bone marrow and mononuclear white blood cells (MWBC) in soft-agar cultures was studied in 26 patients with untreated acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL). Marrow and MWBC from 30 healthy volunteers served as controls. All ANLL patients revealed an abnormal growth in vitro. Patients with an increased number of clones in marrow cultures and large cluster predominance ('excessive growth') responded poorly to therapy with only one of 10 patients entering remission. On the contrary, only two of the 15 patients with a decreased clone number ('low growth') failed to achieve remission. The number of colonies and clusters in both bone marrow and blood cultures was significantly lower at presentation in patients who later entered remission than in those who did not. The correlations between the number of colonies and clusters in the blood and the marrow cultures were statistically significant. No significant correlations were found between prognosis or colony formation, on one hand, and the production of colony stimulating activity (CS)bA), by bone marrow and blood cells of ANLL patients, on the other. Nor could such correlations be found between prognosis, blood cell counts, and age. It is concluded that the growth pattero cytostatic drugs and particularly in selecting patients with a high probability to respond poorly to current cytostatic regimes. PMID- 6966503 TI - Kinetics, distribution and sites of destruction of 111indium-labelled human platelets. AB - The survival, tissue distribution and fate of 111In-oxine labelled autologous platelets in six normal humans were studied with serial blood sampling, scintillation camera and computer-assisted imaging, whole body profile scanning, and rectilinear scanning. 111In-platelets recovery in the circulation was 72+/ 16% and survival was 216+/-17 h. Platelet survival curves fitted a linear function best. Initially platelets pooled rapidly in the spleen as a single exponential function, and at 90 min 26% of the injected 111In was located in this organ. Early hepatic uptake was also significant and at 90 min constituted 16% of total body 111In-activity. As labelled platelets disappeared from the circulation there was a threefold increase of radioactivity in the liver to reach 39% of whole body activity at 216 h. Radioactivity also increased significantly in the spleen (33.3% at 216 h). There was significant residual radioactivity in the thoracic and lower abdominal regions at 216 h, suggesting that platelets are also sequestered in the bone marrow. Radioactivity in the lower limbs almost disappeared with time (0.7% at 216 h), indicating that utilization of platelets in the peripheral vasculature is not marked in normal subjects. PMID- 6966504 TI - The role of colony stimulating activity in modulating murine diffusion chamber granulopoiesis. AB - We studied the effects of high circulating Colony Stimulating Activity (CSA) levels and irradiation induced marrow hypoplasia in CF1 and C57B1/6J host mice upon granulopoiesis in intraperitoneal diffusion chamber (DC) cultures. Serial endotoxin injections resulted in marked elevation of circulating CSA for the first half of an 8 d culture period, and CSA was shown to diffuse into the chamber environment; yet this manipulation alone did not significantly accelerate DC cell growth. Pre-irradiation of the host mice produced no elevation of circulating CSA during the early phase of culture, but resulted in significant stimulation of DC granolopoiesis. Fluctuations in circulating inhibitors of in vitro granulopoiesis did not correlate well with DC cellularity. We conclude that endogenous CSA elevation does not providean effective stimulus per se for granulocyte-monocyte proliferation within DC culture and cannot be solely responsible for mediating the exuberant DC granulopoietic response seen in the pre-irradiated host. PMID- 6966505 TI - Prolymphocytic leukaemia: an ultrastructural study of 22 cases. AB - Twenty-two cases of prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL) have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); 17 had B-cell surface markers (B-PLL) and five had T-cell characteristics (T-PLL). The predominant cell, the prolymphocyte, has distinct features which were common to all cases: it is a relatively large lymphoid cell with a prominent nucleolus, well condensed peripheral nuclear chromatin and a variable amount of heterochromatin in intranuclear clumps. Eight cases of PLL (seven B-PLL, one T-PLL) showed minor morphological deviations from typical PLL which may present diagnostic difficulties when studied only at light microscopy: the cells in four of these had some features in common with those of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), namely round regular nuclei and heavy chromatin condensation, but the nucleoli were larger in the PLL cases. In four other cases nuclear clefting was a prominent feature at TEM. B-PLL can be distinguished by ultrastructural features from other B-cell malignancies, e.g. follicular lymphoma, B-CLL and B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 6966506 TI - Phenotypic characterization of a virus producing line established from a patient with leukaemia/lymphoma: comparison with T-lymphoblastic and myeloblastic lines. AB - The properties have been studied of a haemic cell line established from a patient with longstanding non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after transformation to acute leukaemia. The cells are EBNA, Fc, C3 and SmIg and Ia-like antigen negative. The continuous in vitro proliferation and karyotype abnormalities suggest malignancy. The cells contain only the lymphoid type of alkaline phosphatase and a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and as they formed E-rosettes during the first year in culture they may be of T-cell lineage. Since the patients' leukaemic cells have not been studied it is impossible to know whether the cultured cells represent an in vitro proliferation of the patient's malignant cells or an outgrowth of a subpopulation of cells. In the cytoplasm of many cells inclusion bodies containing virus-like particles, similar to those observed in fresh human leukaemia cells, were often seen. As this new virus is biologically active, infection of the cells by virus may explain their continuous proliferation in vitro. PMID- 6966507 TI - Mononuclear phagocytes and the production of colony-stimulating activity by T lymphocytes. PMID- 6966508 TI - Cytochemical study of thymocytes and T lymphocytes. AB - Fetal and postnatal thymocytes and circulating T lymphocytes were evaluated for six cytochemical reactions. Acid phosphatase activity was present in a high percentage of cells in all threee groups. Beta-glucoronidase and alpha-naphthyl acetate acid esterase were negative in the most immature fetal thymocytes, but become increasingly positive with T-cell maturation. Only the circulating lymphocytes presented a high percentage of N-acetyl beta glucosaminidase, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase positive cells. This study discusses the presence of these enzymes as proportional to different stages in T-cell maturation, and also of certain cytochemical phenotypes characteristic of these stages. PMID- 6966509 TI - Cell surface and enzyme markers of cord blood lymphocytes. AB - Human cord blood (CB) lymphocytes were studied with several markers for T- and B cells and the results compared with those of adult peripheral blood (PB) samples. The proportion of E-rosettes was significantly lower in CB (mean 24.7+/-13.5 SD) than in PB (67.5+/-7.3 SD). Treatment with neuramidase produced a marked increase in the proportion of E-rosettes in CB (mean 47 +/-13.9 SD), still below the PB values. The proportion of CB lymphocytes showing block positivity with alpha naphthyl-acetate-esterase correlated closely with the percentage of E-rosettes in neuraminidase treated cells. The percentage of H-rosettes (human RBC) was significantly higher in CB (7.2+/-6.0) than in PB (3.2+/-1.6 SD). Re-rosetting experiments showed that in CB about 30% of the E-positive cells formed H rosettes, in contrast to 5% in PB. These findings indicate that in CB the real number of T-lymphocytes is higher than shown by conventional E-rosette formation. The proportion of B-lymphocytes, tested by surface immunoglobulins and by rosette formation with mouse RBC (M-rosettes), was similar in CB and in adult PB. A slight increase in cells with IgM on the surface was found in CB. The overall proportion of lymphocytes with negative B and T markers in CB is three times greater than in adult PB. Levels of the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase were marginally increased in CG; in two out of 41 samples the levels were above those found in normal bone marrow. CB may be a suitable model for the study of lymphocyte subsets with negative B and T markers in man. PMID- 6966510 TI - Large exopenicillinase, initial extracellular form detected in cultures of Bacillus licheniformis. PMID- 6966511 TI - Correlation of membrane-potential-sensing carotenoid to pigment-protein complex II in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The changes in carotenoid absorbance induced by illumination or by a diffusion potential were larger in chromatophores from cells cultured under low light intensity than those in chromatophores from high-light culture in a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The carotenoid molecules which are associated with the pigment-protein complex (with the infrared bacteriochlorophyll peaks at 800 and 850 nm) (complex II) probably respond to the electrical field changes in the chromatophore membrane. PMID- 6966512 TI - A tracer method to study unidirectional fluxes of lithium. Application to frog skin. AB - We describe a new tracer method to measure unidirectional fluxes of Li+ despite the lack of any utilizable radioisotope of lithium. This method uses the purified stable isotopes, 6Li and 7Li, detected with an ion-probe microanalyser. The accuracy is comparable to that obtained for other ions (e.g., Na+) with radiotracers. The method has been applied to frog skin with both faces bathed in a 20% lithium/80% sodium medium. Sodium and lithium unidirectional fluxes have been measured simultaneously. The results are consistent with lithium being actively pumped, the outflux of lithium being, however, much larger than that of sodium. PMID- 6966513 TI - [Comparative study of lipid peroxidation in the eye pigment epithelium of pigmented and albino animals]. AB - The induction of lipid peroxidation in the eye pigment epithelium of pigmented rabbits by the Fe2+ + ascorbate and xanthine--xanthine oxidase systems did not result in accumulation of malonic dialdehyde. In albino rabbits the lipid peroxidation of the non-pigmented pigment epithelium and retina occurred at a high rate under the same conditions. The rate of lipid peroxidation also showed an increase after removal of melanoprotein granules from the pigmented pigment epithelium. The latter inhibited the rate of lipid peroxidation in the eye retina. In albino animals the rate of lipid peroxidation in a mixture of the tow tissues (i.e. pigment epithelium and retina) is almost 4 times that in the pigmented animals. Consequently, the pigmented pigment epithelium of the eye is much more resistant to the effect of prooxidant systems as compared to the non pigmented one. It is assumed that one of the main functions of the melanoprotein granules in the eye pigment epithelium cells is their protective effect. PMID- 6966514 TI - [Effect of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-antitrypsin) on the intensity of phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocyte transformation]. AB - alpha 1-Antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) decreases the intensity of human peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. The degree of inhibition is influenced by the antiprotease activity of alpha 1-AT. It is shown that maximal inhibition of transplantation is 50%. Participation of alpha 1-AT in the control of biological activity of lymphoid tissue cells is suggested. PMID- 6966515 TI - [Stimulation of the mitotic activity of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells in the liver of nonoperated mice by T and B lymphocytes from partially hepatectomized syngeneic donors]. AB - T lymphocytes from the spleen of partially hepatectomized CBA mice enhance the mitotic activity of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells of the liver in nonoperated recipients. The proliferation induced by these cells is equal to the inductive capacity of the whole suspension of lymphocytes from the spleen of partially hepatectomized animals, which contains T and B lymphocytes. The proliferation induced by B lymphocytes from the spleen of operated mice is significantly lowered and is displayed chiefly in relation to Kupffer cells. PMID- 6966516 TI - Regulation of erythroid colony formation by bone marrow macrophages. PMID- 6966517 TI - Lysosomal acid esterase: activity and isoenzymes in separated normal human blood cells. PMID- 6966518 TI - A rationale for sequential high-dose chemotherapy of leukemia timed to coincide with induced tumor proliferation. PMID- 6966519 TI - Surgical problems associated with polycythaemia. PMID- 6966520 TI - Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage unrelated to gastric mucosa diagnosed on 99Tcm pertechnetate scans. AB - Small-bowel bleeding due to an anastomotic ulcer in one patient and a haemangioma in another were diagnosed by 99Tcm pertechnetate scans. Multiple views of the abdomen during the scan proved essential. The rationale of this technique for imaging in cases of haemorrhage from the gastro-intestinal tract is described. PMID- 6966522 TI - Role of choroid plexus in transport of melatonin between blood and brain. PMID- 6966521 TI - Effects of erabutoxins on the cholinergic receptors of bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells. PMID- 6966523 TI - Excitatory synaptic potentials and morphological classification of tectal neurons of the frog. AB - Under electrical stimulation of the optic nerve, intracellular recording and staining techniques were applied to tectal neurons of the frog. In the first part of this study, two response types in 25 cells were examined. One type (type I; 21 cells) was composed of an EPSP followed by an IPSP. The other type (type II; 4 cells) was composed of two successive EPSPs followed by an IPSP. The initial EPSP of type II response was concluded to be monosynaptic, while the other ones were assumed to be disynaptic. These responses were produced by myelinated fibers. Under stronger stimulus intensities, a pair of depolarization and hyperpolarization appeared at longer latencies. In the later part of this study, 22 cells were stained with Procion Yellow. Neurons were classified into three morphological types, i.e. vertical type (V-type; 10 cells), multipolar type (MP type; 11 cells) and small neuron (S-neuron; one cell). All V-type neurons gave rise to type I response, while either type I or type II responses were recorded from MP-type neurons. PMID- 6966524 TI - Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in albino rabbits by selective exposure of the anterior sector of the visual field. AB - Horizontal optokinetic reflexes (OKN) are inverted in an anterior (90-180 degrees) sector of the visual field in albino rabbits. We investigated whether the inverted processing of direction-selective information would affect long-term adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Normal posterior parts of the visual fields were masked for periods up to 80 days. The inversion of OKN, with instability of the eyes and head in the light, was not corrected in this period. The amplitude of the VOR was progressively reduced, but a true inversion was not achieved. Recovery was seen after removal of the masks. These changes were larger and more consistent in Himalayan than in Polish rabbits. Normal, Dutch pigmented rabbits which served as controls showed no significant reduction of VOR gain. Phase lead of the VOR for low stimulus frequencies increased in both pigmented and albino rabbits. In short-term experiments with forced oscillation, similar but smaller changes were observed. PMID- 6966525 TI - Anatomy and physiology of a binocular system in the frog Rana pipiens. AB - The locations of tectal neurons projecting to nucleus isthmi (n. isthmi) were found by iontophoretic injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into n. isthmi. After retrograde transport, stained tectal somata are found to lie almost exclusively in layer 6 and below of the ipsilateral tectum. Many cells are colored throughout the extent of their dendrites into the fine rami, giving the appearance of a Golgi stain. Nucleus isthmi receives projections from the ipsilateral tectum and from no other region. Nucleus isthmi units recorded electrically respond to visual stimuli and are arranged in a topographic map of the visual field. There are two types of receptive fields, those with small centers and those with large centers. The small centers are about 3-5 degrees in diameter, similar to type 2 optic nerve fibers. Their response is to many of the same geometric features of stimulus as excite type 2 fibers. The large centers are at least 7-10 degrees in diameter and respond to many of the same features as excite types 3 and 4 optic nerve fibers. The responsiveness of small and large center n. isthmi units is very similar to the elements of the ipsilateral visual field projection onto tectum, i.e. the neuropilar units recorded in layers A and 8 of the tectum when the contralateral eye is occluded. These are in strong contrast to those of tectal cells of layer 6 and below, which have large receptive fields, show far less vivacious response, adapt extremely rapidly to repeated stimuli and are hard to describe in terms of characteristic stimuli because they are unresponsive most of the time. We suggest, therefore, that the axons of tecto-isthmic cells are quite active and that their cell bodies, located in layer 6 and below, only fire occasionally on the firing of their axons. PMID- 6966526 TI - Phylogenetically consistent features of cerebellar climbing fibers present in the tadpole. PMID- 6966529 TI - Linkage of eye and head movements in the alert rabbit. PMID- 6966527 TI - Perineurial permeability increases during Wallerian degeneration. PMID- 6966528 TI - Unilateral knife cuts produce ipsilateral suppression of responsiveness to pain in the formalin test. PMID- 6966533 TI - Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. AB - A 26-year-old man presented with chronic iron deficiency anemia. The presence of cutaneous lesions typical of the blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome led to the radiologic and endoscopic documentation of gastrointestinal hemangiomas. This is the first Canadian case report of this rare syndrome. A review of the 26 cases reported to date illustrates the difficulties involved in management. For the present, conservative treatment is recommended. PMID- 6966530 TI - Haemodynamic and biochemical variables after induction of anaesthesia with fentanyl and nitrous oxide in patients undergoing coronary artery by-pass surgery. AB - The effects on the haemodynamic and biochemical parameters of three different anaesthetic induction regimes, namely fentanyl (4.1 micrograms.kg-1 or 15 micrograms.kg-1) plus 60 per cent nitrous oxide with oxygen and fentanyl 15 micrograms.kg-1 plus 60 per cent nitrogen with oxygen, were studied in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Fentanyl 15 micrograms.kg-1 with nitrous oxide and oxygen produced simultaneous reductions in oxygen uptake, cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work with an unaltered oxygen extraction. Diastolic blood pressure (an index of coronary artery perfusion) was only slightly reduced, and there were no changes in arterial lactate, glucose and free fatty acids. The lower dose of fentanyl (4.1 micrograms.kg-1) with nitrous oxide produced no haemodynamic changes but decreased the oxygen uptake and extraction. The patients receiving fentanyl 15 micrograms.kg-1 with nitrogen and oxygen showed increases in heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work, together with a significant fall in oxygen extraction. Moreover, in the patients who received fentanyl 4.1 micrograms.kg-1 with nitrous oxide and oxygen and fentanyl 15 micrograms.kg-1 with nitrogen and oxygen there were significant increases in blood lactate, glucose and free fatty acids, indicating increased sympathetic activity. We conclude that fentanyl 15 micrograms.kg-1, together with 60 per cent nitrous oxide with oxygen provides a satisfactory haemodynamic and biochemical state during induction of anaesthesia in patients with myocardial function prejudiced by coronary artery insufficiency. PMID- 6966532 TI - Anaesthetic management of a patient with carcinoid tumor undergoing myocardial revascularization. AB - Carcinoid tumors with hepatic involvement can produce intense flushing, tachycardia, hypotension or hypertension and diarrhoea. Patients with limited cardiac reserve may not tolerate these effects under anaesthesia. Valvular heart disease associated with carcinoid tumors has been reported, but there is no record in the literature of such an association with coronary artery disease. This report presents the anaesthetic management of a patient with coronary artery disease and carcinoid tumor undergoing myocardial revascularization. Emphasis is placed on the rational use of anaesthetic and adjunctive agents which will minimize the incidence of carcinoid symptons. The salient features of the management are prevention of release of vasoactive substances by the use of promethazine hydrochloride during operation, the avoidance of stropine, prophylactic administration of corticosteroids and smooth induction of anaesthesia by the use of diazepam and dimethyl-tubocurarine iodide (Metocurine). PMID- 6966534 TI - Early diagnosis of mycosis fungoides and Sezary's syndrome by morphometric analysis of lymphoid cells in the skin. AB - Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary's syndrome (SS) are cutaneous T-cell lymphomas characterized ultrastructurally by the presence of lymphoid cells with deep and narrow nuclear indentations (cerebriform mononuclear cells or CMC). Early diagnosis of MF and SS is difficult because in their early stages they often resemble various forms of chronic, benign skin lesions. By measuring the frequency distribution of a nuclear shape parameter (nuclear contour index or NCI) of lymphoid cells in skin infiltrates using computer assisted planimetry, we tried to classify suspect cases into the malignant and benign groups. From 12 patients with MF or SS (malignant group) and 11 patients with chronic, benign skin lesions (benign group) the frequency distribution of the NCI of the lymphoid cell population was measured. Nonlinear discriminant analysis selected the 70th and 25th percentile of the NCI distribution of the lymphoid cells in the skin infiltrates as parameters by which these patients could be classified correctly into the malignant or benign groups with a probability of over 95%. The predictive value of these parameters was tested on ten patients suspected of having cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Three cases were classified as benign and 7 as malignant. In a three-year follow up cutaneous T-cell lymphomas did not develop in any of the 3 cases classified as benign, MF developed in 5 of 7 cases classified as malignant, 1 patient has lymphomatoid papulosis and 1 patient is still suspect for MF. These results are compared with those of DNA cytophotometry performed on skin imprint preparations. It is concluded that morphometry of lymphoid cells in skin lesions of patients suspect for MF and SS can make an important contribution to an early diagnosis of MF or SS. PMID- 6966535 TI - High-dose methotrexate used alone and in combination for measurable primary or metastatic osteosarcoma. AB - High-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue was used alone or in combination with Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide for the treatment of 27 osteosarcoma patients with measurable indicators of disease. Three patients developed complete responses of measurable lesions, two had partial responses, two had static disease, one had symptomatic improvement, and one had return to normal of physical findings following treatment of a flat bone primary osteosarcoma. While the doses and frequency of administration of high-dose methotrexate differed from those used by previous investigators, these results suggest that aggressive treatment with high-dose methotrexate must be attempted to further evaluate its efficacy as single-agent therapy for osteosarcoma patients not eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy trials. PMID- 6966531 TI - Myocardial damage in coronary artery bypass surgical patients anaesthetized with two anaesthetic techniques: a random comparison of halothane and enflurane. PMID- 6966536 TI - Bleeding from esophageal varices exacerbated by splenic arterial-venous fistula: complete transcatheter obliterative therapy. AB - A cirrhotic patient who had previously undergone both mesocaval shunting and transthoracic esophageal and gastric devascularization with splenectomy (Sugiura procedure) presented with recurring intractable variceal hemorrhage. Diagnostic visceral angiography demonstrated a large splenic arterial-venous fistula and gastroesophageal varices. Transarterial occlusion of the fistula and transheptic obliteration of the varices successfully done at one sitting prevented further bleeding. Follow-up angiography nine months later revealed persistent occlusion of the previous fistula and no evidence of esophageal varices. PMID- 6966537 TI - [Clinical significance of antibodies against extractible nuclear antigens (ENA) with a view to "mixed connective tissue syndrome" (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966539 TI - Alkylation products of DNA bases by simple epoxides. AB - The reaction products of a series of epoxides with deoxyribonucleosides were characterized using ultraviolet, and NMR spectroscopy. The epoxides included structural analogues which are known to differ extensively in their mutagenic potency: propylene oxide, glycidol, epichlorohydrin, trichloropropylene oxide and styrene oxide. Trichloropropylene oxide, epichlorohydrin and glycidol reacted with deoxyguanosine producing a major adduct of 1,7-(or 1,9-)dialkylguanine. All of the epoxides produced a 7-alkylguanine adduct, with the possible exception of styrene oxide. Propylene oxide, glycidol and epichlorohydrin reacted with deoxyadenosine at N-6. Glycidol, trichloropropylene oxide and styrene oxide reacted with deoxycytidine at N-3. It was concluded that the structurally related epoxides tend to react largely in a uniform way with nucleic acid bases. Thus, the reaction rates rather than the major adducts explain the differential mutagenicity of the epoxides. PMID- 6966538 TI - [Changes of some immunologic parameters in endangered pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966540 TI - Dengue haemorrhagic fever--a public health problem and a field for research. AB - Dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) is an enigmatic and growing public health problem which is confined at present to countries of South East Asia. Since 1956, over 350 000 patients have been hospitalized and nearly 12 000 deaths have been reported. Dengue viruses, a group of four flaviviruses, are transmitted to man by Aedes aegypti. Currently, dengue viruses are actively transmitted in 61 countries which circle the globe in the tropical zone and have a combined population of 1500 million. Because the precise antecedents to DHF/DSS are unknown, the public health hazard posed by this syndrome is potentially worldwide. Epidemiological studies in South-East Asia clearly link DHF/DSS to individuals who have had a previous dengue infection or who have acquired maternal dengue antibody. Such antibody may serve as an opsonin, enhancing dengue virus infection of mononuclear phagocytes-the type of cell in man to which dengue infection may be confined. Antibody-mediated infection of these cells is the central concept in the hypothesis of immune infection enhancement. This hypothesis provides a conceptual framework for design of future research. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive identification of "risk factors" in DHF/DSS. This research could be approached by undertaking comparative prospective epidemiological studies in dengue-endemic areas with and without DHF/DSS. Although important progress is being made in the development of attenuated dengue vaccines for each dengue type, a clearer understanding of the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS may be required to provide guidelines for safe and lasting immunoprophylaxis in man. PMID- 6966541 TI - A three-year follow-up of ocular onchocerciasis in an area of vector control. AB - An evaluation of the effects on onchocerciasis of a 3-year period of vector control was undertaken during 1978 in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme area in West Africa. The results revealed that the overall prevalence of ocular onchocerciasis showed only a slight decrease at the follow-up in 1978, but that there was significantly less infection among children in the age group 5-14 years as compared with 1975. There was a total incidence of ocular signs of onchocerciasis of 8.6% over the 3 years, but also a disappearance of those signs in 11.7% of the sample examined. The incidence of severe onchocercal eye manifestations was low, compared with similar areas of uncontrolled transmission. The particularly low incidence of sclerosing keratitis may be associated with the finding of a significantly decreased microfilarial load in the cornea, whereas the number of living microfilariae in the anterior chamber of the eye was apparently unchanged. The incidence of blindness due to onchocerciasis was low and confined to individuals who already presented severe eye manifestations of the disease before the beginning of the vector control campaign. PMID- 6966543 TI - Residual skin changes in patients who have recovered from variola minor. AB - In order to assess the frequency of occurrence of facial pockmarks after recovery from variola minor, 175 subjects from 5 localities in Somalia were carefully examined a year after recovery from variola minor infections. Only 7% had facial pockmarks (the usual criteria for "positive" classification in facial pockmark surveys). Thus, pockmark surveys cannot be considered useful for evaluating the past smallpox situation in areas where variola minor has been prevalent. A number of other subjects had discolorations of the skin on their faces or bodies, but these are of dubious value for survey purposes. PMID- 6966542 TI - Cerebrovascular disease in the community: results of a WHO collaborative study. AB - In a cooperative study coordinated by WHO, stroke was registered between 1971 and 1974 in 17 centres both in developing and developed countries. A common operating protocol was used to obtain comparable data. Age-adjusted incidence of stroke shows moderate geographical variations, cerebrovascular accidents being common in all the contrasting populations studied in various parts of the world. Data were also obtained on the types of management of stroke patients, their survival rates, and functional prognosis. Control of hypertension, although known to be effective in the prevention of stroke, seemed to be insufficient in most countries. It is concluded that stroke registers may be used as a source of information for the planning and implementation of stroke control programmes in the community. PMID- 6966544 TI - Vaccination against poliomyelitis in economically underdeveloped countries. AB - Poliomyelitis lameness surveys in children of school age recently reported from Burma, Egypt, Ghana, and the Philippines have indicated an estimated, average annual endemic incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis similar to or higher than the overall average annual rate in the USA during the peak years in the prevaccine era. Contrary to oft-expressed dogma, high rates of paralytic poliomyelitis are occurring annually in regions with high infant mortality rates, continuing undernutrition, and absence of basic sanitary facilities. Recent data indicate that prolonged breast feeding does not impede the effectiveness of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). A high prevalence of nonpoliovirus enteric infections can modify, delay, and lower the frequency of seroconversion after OPV, but these effects are overcome by multiple doses. The problem of eliminating paralytic poliomyelitis from economically underdeveloped countries depends on administrative rather than immunological or epidemiological factors, although a specially concentrated effort is needed in countries where most of the cases occur during the first two years of life and where paralytic polioviruses are propagating throughout the year in a large proportion of the infant population. Under such circumstances, expanded routine infant immunization programmes, which include OPV but reach at best only 20-40% of the total infant population, who receive only one or a few doses of vaccines requiring multiple doses, cannot be expected to eliminate paralytic poliomyelitis as an important public health problem. Injections of multiple doses of quadruple vaccine (DPT + inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine) would not only greatly increase the cost of routine immunizations but would not achieve more or as much as feeding OPV at the time of the DPT injections. Mass administration of OPV each year on 2 days of the year 2 months apart, to all children under 2, 3, or 4 years of age (depending on the epidemiological situation), without reference to the number of OPV doses they may have had before, can be expected to yield optimum results in countries with small numbers of professional health personnel and many other year-round problems. PMID- 6966546 TI - The effect of stenosis of bypass grafts on coronary blood flow. A mechanical model study. AB - A mechanical model of a branched coronary artery with a graft bypassing an 80% stenosis of one branch was used to study the reduction in coronary flow due to stenosis of the bypass graft. Flow Reynolds number and ratio of aortic pressure to dynamic pressure were matched to the living system. Changes in coronary flow were measured for a range of stenoses (0-100%) of bypass grafts with graft-to coronary-diameter ratios of 4:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1 for conditions that simulated rest and exercise. The results of these studies indicate that: 1) marked stenosis of bypass grafts is needed to decrease coronary flow in the resting state, and even moderate stenosis will decrease flow during exercise when the diameter of the bypass is large relative to the coronary artery; 2) coronary flow is decreased with mild stenosis for bypass grafts of the same diameter as the coronary artery; and 3) a marked decrease in flow due to stenosis of a bypass graft occurs only when the diameter of a stenosis in a graft is less than the diameter of the coronary artery. PMID- 6966545 TI - Indicators for the forecasting of malaria epidemics. AB - The entomological inoculation rate is presented as a comprehensive indicator of malaria transmission level, its relative changes reflecting the risk of potential epidemic development. This rate is a known function of several epidemiological direct factors and is particularly sensitive to the survival rate and the sporogonic cycle of the vector. Although not yet fully quantifiable, relationships exist between direct factors responsible for the transmission of infection and certain meteorological and environmental indirect factors like air temperature, relative humidity, or importation of malaria parasites.The establishment of a two-stage monitoring system is suggested: the first stage would involve setting up a warning system based on the surveillance of the relevant indirect factors; at the appropriate time, this would trigger the second stage monitoring of the epidemiological direct factors having a definite bearing on the development of malaria outbreaks. It is recognized that the gain in reliability of the proposed approach depends largely on the progress still to be achieved in the quantification of the complex system of relations connecting the main direct factors with single or combined indirect factors. It is also noted that the proposed monitoring system should, in due course, provide the decision makers with the epidemiological information required for the selection and implementation of intervention measures designed to prevent epidemic resurgences. PMID- 6966547 TI - Studies of lymphocytotoxins in infectious mononucleosis: reduced lymphocyte killing in the acute phase. AB - Fifty sera from twenty-five patients with uncomplicated infectious mononucleosis (IM) were tested for lymphocytotoxic activity (LCA) against pools of lymphocytes collected from (a) normal donors (b) ten patients during the acute phase of IM and (c) four of these patients during the convalescent phase. The LCA of twenty four sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was also tested against the same panels of cells. The percentage of acute phase lymphocytes killed by sera from patients with IM or SLE was significantly less (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05 respectively) than the percentage of normal or convalescent cells killed by the same sera. This reduction could not be explained by lymphocyte donor variation as the same donors were used in the acute and convalescent phases of IM. It is suggested that changes in the surface characteristics of acute IM lymphocytes cause a temporary failure of interaction with circulating lymphocytotoxins. Such a phenomenon could have important influences on the self-limiting nature of the disease. PMID- 6966548 TI - Studies of lymphocytotoxins in infectious mononucleosis and systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence for immune complex-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - The hypothesis that serum lymphocytotoxins are antigen-antibody complexes was examined. High molecular weight fractions from the sera of eighteen patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), thirteen patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and six healthy controls, were prepared by precipitation with polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG). The lymphocytotoxic activity (LCA) of these PEG precipitates was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than that of the corresponding sera and a significant correlation (r = 0.66, P less than 0.01) was observed between the LCA of sera and the PEG precipitates. In contrast to the concentration of LCA in the PEG precipitates, the heterophil antibody titres of the precipitates from IM sera were significantly less (P less than 0 05) than serum titres. Antisera raised against PEG precipitates from sera from nine patients with IM contained significant LCA. The nature of this LCA differed from that of the LCA in the original sera in temperature dependence and the molecular size. Antigen-antibody complexes in seven sera (four IM, three SLE) were dissociated at low pH (3.0) and fractionated by gel filtration at pH 3.9. The LCA of these fractions was compared with the LCA of equivalent fractions obtained by gel filtration at pH 7.2. The heterophil antibody present in sera from patients with IM and the cytotoxicity of anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) were used as 'antibody controls'. In this way it was shown that the LCA in patient sera, but not heterophil antibody or ALG cytotoxicity was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) by low pH gel filtration. PMID- 6966549 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to liver antigen in toxic liver injury. II. Role in pathogenesis of liver damage. AB - The possible pathogenetic role of lymphocytes sensitized to liver antigens was investigated in CBA mice in which sublethal hepatic necrosis had been induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Sensitized lymphocytes from CCl4-treated mice were administered to syngeneic recipients. The recipients developed sensitivity to liver antigens but showed no evidence of liver damage. The cell mediating the immune response both in the donor and the recipient was a T cell. This was demonstrated further by studies involving mice rendered T cell deficient. These mice did not develop sensitized lymphocytes when they were treated with CCl4 but the extent of liver damage was similar in both T cell-depleted and intact animals. These findings suggest that T cell sensitization to liver antigens occurs as a result of toxic liver damage and does not play a role in the pathogenesis of the hepatic necrosis. PMID- 6966550 TI - Erythrocyte autoimmune disorder: red cell antibodies and the human allogeneic rosette test. PMID- 6966551 TI - Histamine suppression of lymphocyte activation. AB - Histamine suppresses lymphocyte transformation induced by the mitogen Con A. The effect is dose-related and is not blocked by H1 or H2 antagonists. High dose of H2 antagonists (10(-3) M) enhances the suppression induced by histamine. The proliferation of T cells alone cultured with histamine is suppressed indicating that histamine can exert its effect directly on T cell proliferation without the requirement for accessory cells. Atopic subjects are more sensitive to histamine induced suppression than normals. The presence of histamine produced locally during a Type I response may provide a mechanism for preventing the proliferation of sensitized T cells which enter the site of antigen stimulation. In the atopic, who already has the immunological machinery to mount cell-mediated immune responses to pollens, this increased histamine sensitivity may be protective in suppressing unwanted delayed hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 6966552 TI - Decreased T cell function in mice exposed to chronic, low levels of lead. AB - The immune responsiveness of mice given low levels of lead acetate (1300 p.p.m.) in their drinking water for 8 weeks was determined. Mean percentages of splenic T and B lymphocytes in lead-exposed mice were slightly lower than in controls. Mean mitogen response to phytohaemmaglutinin and concanavalin A in mice exposed to lead was significantly decreased compared to controls. The response to lipopolysaccharide on the other hand was not significantly mitogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A is impaired in mice exposed chronically to low concentrations of lead. PMID- 6966553 TI - Specific anti-hairy cell and anti-B cell antisera: characterization of surface antigens and origin of hairy cells. AB - Hairy cells obtained from nine patients with hairy cell leukaemia were found to be sensitive to a heterologous anti-human B lymphocyte serum using a cytotoxicity assay and the ultrastructural characterization after immunoperoxydase labelling. This antiserum raised in the rabbit and rendered specific by extensive absorptions with human immunoglobulins, erythrocytes, thymocytes and monocytes, reacted with normal and pathological B lymphocytes but not with monocytes, as demonstrated by ultrastructural studies. In addition, a heterologous anti-hairy cell serum was prepared and absorbed with erythrocytes, thymocytes and monocytes. The in vitro properties of this antiserum were identical to those of the anti human B cell serum in the various assays: cytotoxicity, rosette inhibition and ultrastructural characterization. These results demonstrate that hairy cells of the studied patients express surface antigenic specificities of the B cell population, not shared by monocytes. Further absorption of the anti-hairy cell serum with CLL cells suggested that hairy cells express other characteristic antigens in addition to the B lymphocyte antigens. HLA-DR alloantigens were also shown to be present at the surface of hairy cells. This type of immunological analysis may prove to be of help in the understanding of the differentiation abnormalities in the hairy cell leukaemia as well as in other lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 6966554 TI - Relationship between peripheral blood lymphocytes and their functional capacity in sarcoidosis. PMID- 6966555 TI - The influence of mitogen costimulation on the human lymphocyte blastogenic response to Actinomyces viscosus ultrasonicates. PMID- 6966556 TI - B cells from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia bind to sheep erythrocytes: an immunological analysis. PMID- 6966557 TI - D cells with cytotoxic activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6966558 TI - Circulating immune complexes may be associated with increased suppressor T-cell activity in atopic allergy. PMID- 6966559 TI - Case report. Triple origin of left coronary arteries from right coronary artery: unusual case of single coronary artery. AB - A rare case of coronary anomaly is presented: all of the coronary arteries orignated from a single ostium located in the right coronary cusp. No clinical evidence of coronary pathology was recognized until the age of 57 years when the patient was found to have coronary obstructive disease. The single coronary artery had a main branch corresponding to the usual dominant right coronary artery. Three other branches separated from this and vascularized the areas normally receiving the circumflex and ramus medianus, the left anterior descending, and a large septal branch. PMID- 6966560 TI - Treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with direct current stimulation. AB - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia presents surgeons with one of the most challenging of all orthopedic problems. The results of various forms of surgical treatment are rarely successful. This is a preliminary report on an implanted direct current bone growth stimulator (DCBGS) for treatment of congential pseudarthrosis of the tibia. The implanted stimulator achieved encouraging results in 6 patients when it was used in conjunction with cancellous bone grafting and efficient immobilization of the tibia. The leg requires long-term protection of the fracture site until skeletal maturity is complete. PMID- 6966561 TI - [Factors in early mortality after aortic valve replacement]. PMID- 6966562 TI - Lacunar defects in immunity. PMID- 6966564 TI - Management of colostomal hemorrhage resulting from portal hypertension. AB - Colostomy and ileostomy stomal hemorrhage is a rare and potentially fatal complication of portal hypertension. We describe two patients with colostomy stomal hemorrhage who had both undergone abdominoperineal resection for carcinoma of the rectosigmoid colon. Patient 1, in the absence of metastatic disease with minimal to moderate functional hepatic impairment, undersent a mesocaval interposition graft shunt and had no recurrence of stomal hemorrhage during the four-month postoperative period. Patient 2, in the presence of metastatic disease to the lungs and liver, was not shunted and died of hepatic and renal failure. Angiography, in particular splenoportography, is extremely helpful in establishing the diagnosis of portal hypertension and planning appropriate operative procedure. We reviewed the literature on ileostomy and colostomy hemorrhage in the presence of portal hypertension and conclude that control of major stomal hemorrhage by local measures is often ineffective and that portasystemic shunts may significantly improve long-term prognosis. PMID- 6966563 TI - Lack of correlation of T and B lymphocytes with stage of colorectal carcinoma. AB - Total lymphocyte counts and T and B lymphocytes were measured preoperatively in 19 patients with colorectal carcinoma. No correlation between lymphocyte levels and tumor stage was found. It is concluded that enumeration of T and B lymphocytes in adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum would not be helpful in predicting disease status. PMID- 6966565 TI - [Correlation of the immunostimulating properties in a series of polymer-analogs of poly-4-vinylpyridine and the immunogenicity of their bovine serum albumin mixtures with complex-formation in these mixtures]. PMID- 6966566 TI - Trimethoprim in acute urinary tract infection. PMID- 6966567 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum (author's transl)]. AB - Complications (inflammation, bleeding, perforation) occurred in 20 of 38 patients with Meckel's diverticulum. Complications were disproportionately common in children up to ten years of age. Because of the high mortality rate in the presence of complications (20%) it is recommended to search actively for Meckel's diverticulum during every upper-abdomen laparotomy, as long as the underlying disease and the operative procedure allow it. PMID- 6966568 TI - Direct stimulation of bone resorption by epidermal growth factor. AB - Epidermal growth factor, isolated from mouse submaxillary glands (mEGF) and human urine (hEGF; urogastrone), and fibroblast growth (FGF) have been tested for their effect on bone resorption by measuring the release of previously incorporated 45Ca from cultured fetal rat long bone shafts. mEGF produced significant but slow stimulation of bone resorption which was maximal at 30 ng/ml and was not blocked by indomethacin, flufenamic acid, or R0 20-5720, structurally unrelated inhibitors of prostaglandins synthesis. mEGF increased thymidine incorporation in long bones at 1 ng/ml, a concentration which did not stimulate resorption. hEGF at 3-30 ng/ml produced a more rapid stimulation of resorption, which was also unaffected by inhibition of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase. Neither mEGF nor hEGF increased the concentration of prostaglandin E in the medium after 5 days of culture. FGF failed to stimulate resorption at concentrations of up to 1000 ng/ml. We conclude the EGF, but not FGF, is a direct stimulator of bone resorption. In contrast to the previously reported findings in mouse calvaria, this stimulation is not dependent on prostaglandin synthesis. Since there is abundant hEGF in human urine, this factor could be responsible for the calcium mobilizing activity recently found in human urine concentrates. PMID- 6966569 TI - Role of endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with malignancy. AB - A retrospective review of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 55 patients with malignant disease is presented here. Major causative factors seem to be superficial gastritis and gastric erosions. With aggressive endoscopy, a diagnostic accuracy of 90 percent has been achieved. However, having the exact diagnosis too often has little significance on the final outcome of these critically ill patients, unless therapy directed against bleeding can provide time for effective antineoplastic treatment. With the better understanding of the pathology of the superficial gastric erosions, a better program of management can be evolved. PMID- 6966570 TI - The effect of energy deprivation and hyperosmolarity upon tubular structures and electrophysiological parameters of muscle fibres. AB - The exhaustion of metabolically poisoned muscle fibres is accompanied by a one hundred-fold increase in potassium conductance. Under these conditions a normal membrane capacity was measured. Extracellular markers (lanthanum, ferritin) were traced in the transverse tubular system but not in the myoplasm or the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results show that the structural integrity of surface and tubular membranes is fully maintained. The exhausted muscle can, therefore, be introduced as a suitable preparation for an analysis of the potassium channel, the alterations of ion concentrations in the restricted area of the T-system and other phenomena of physiological interest. Further experiments with extracellular markers dealt with the structure of the triads. Earlier measurements by other authors suggested a continuity between lumina of the T-system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum, at least after an exposure to hyperosmotic solutions. These results could not be confirmed.--In addition the distribution of fibre cross areas of sartorius muscle was analysed from cryosections. PMID- 6966571 TI - Na/K selectivity, ion conductances and net fluxes of K+ and Na'n metabolically exhausted muscle fibres. AB - The high resting potassium conductance, induced by stimulating skeletal muscle fibres of the frog to complete exhaustion of contractile activity, was investigated in more detail. In exhausted fibres the Na/K-selectivity (alpha = PNa/PK) calculated by applying the equation for zero-current potentials (Goldman, Hodgkin, Katz) remained as high or became even larger than in normal fibres (alpha less than 0.009). Net fluxes of Na and K derived from a flame photometric estimation of the internal concentrations of these ions rose for Na to 24-49 and for K to 50-100 pmole/(cm2.s). The measured fluxes were by up to more than two orders of magnitude smaller than those calculated from the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz flux equation based upon the high potassium conductance measured with electrophysiological methods. This discrepancy may be explained by assuming that these channels do not obey the 'independence principle'. The results can probably better be interpreted in terms of multi ion channels with single file characteristics, although accumulation of potassium ions in the transverse tubular system or in the vicinity of the surface membrane may partly account for the observed deviation. PMID- 6966572 TI - Emission computerized axial tomography from multiple gamma-camera views using frequency filtering. AB - Emission computerized axial tomography is achievable in any nuclear medicine department from multiple gamma camera views. Data are collected by rotating the patient in front of the camera. A simple fast algorithm is implemented, known as the convolution technique: first the projection data are Fourier transformed and then an original filter designed for optimizing resolution and noise suppression is applied; finally the inverse transform of the latter operation is back projected. This program, which can also take into account the attenuation for single photon events, was executed with good results on phantoms and patients. We think that it can be easily implemented for specific diagnostic problems. PMID- 6966573 TI - Contribution of radioisotope CAT to the detection of recurrent tumour in the brain. AB - Two cases are described showing the value of Radioisotope Computerized Axial Tomography in the early detection of tumour recurrence in the brain. The possibility of recurrence could not be excluded from the information provided by the conventional views since the suspicious areas found could be due to post operative uptake. In the first case, reliable identification of tumour recurrence was provided by the transverse section scan through the suspicious area. In the second case, the transverse scan showed the uptake to be due to previous craniotomy. PMID- 6966574 TI - A glycolipid on the surface of mouse natural killer cells. AB - Cytotoxic treatment with rabbit antiserum raised against purified glycosphingolipid "asialo GM1" was capable of eliminating natural killer (NK) activity of spleen cells from different inbred mouse strains including CBA/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, AKR, and athymic nude mice. The anti-asialo GM1 antiserum showed little cross-reactivity with structurally related glycolipids, e.g. GM), GD 1 b and asialo GM2 in the microflocculation test. The specific reactivity of this antiserum with NK cells was confirmed by the quantitative absorption of anti-NK activity with graded amounts of asialo GM1 but not with other glycosphingolipids. The absorption of anti-brain-associated T cell antigen (anti-BAT) with asialo GM1 also effectively diminished its anti-NK activity, leaving the ability to kill T cells intact. This suggests that the antibody to asialo GM1 is responsible for the anti-NK activity contained in the anti-BAT antiserum. In contrast to the extreme sensitivity of NK cells to anti-asialo GM1, alloreactive cytotoxic T killer cells generated in the mixed lymphocyte culture were not killed by anti asialo GM1 and complement. These results indicate that asialo GM1 is expressed on mouse NK cells in a high concentration. PMID- 6966575 TI - Fc receptors on rabbit lymphocytes. Identification and organ distribution of rosette-forming cells; cocapping with surface immunoglobulin. AB - Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing cells were demonstrated using ox erythrocytes coated with homologous IgG-type antibodies (EA gamma) in rabbit peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and in various lymphoid organs. Discrimination of the rosette forming cells (RFC) is carried out after prior ingestion of tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled latex particles and in transmission electron microscopic studies. Most of the nonlymphoid cells (5-10%) in PBL and spleen cell suspensions expose FcR. These nonlymphoid cells are almost absent in other lymphoid organs, except in bone marrow. The average percentage of cells rosetting with IgG sensitized erythrocytes (EA gamma RFC) in lymphoid cell preparations of the various tissues was as follows: PBL 25%, bone marrow 65%, appendix 37%, spleen 40%, Peyer's patches 44%, thymus 2% and peripheral lymph node 27%. The nature of FcR-bearing PBL was further studied using F (ab')2 anti-IgM, anti-IgA or anti-T cell conjugates. About half of the population of B cells, bearing IgM or IgA express FcR. Moreover, about 80% of the RFC are found within the B cell population. Only a few T cells were found rosetting with EA gamma suggesting that most of the non-B lymphoid RFC are "null" cells. In different lymphoid organs, the percentages of EA gamma RFC and B cells are comparable but not identical A greater part of the EA gamma RFC also expresses the receptor for the third component of complement. After capping of membrane IgM determinants, FcR is located in the same cap on the majority (60%) of the FcR-positive IgM-capped cells. PMID- 6966576 TI - Presence of receptors for IgA on human T and non-T lymphocytes. AB - Latex particles coated with human IgA were used to detect the presence in human blood of lymphocytes capable of binding IgA. It was necessary to culture the lymphocytes in medium without IgA before the assay. A small percentage of both T and non-T cells had IgA receptors. The receptors were distinct from those binding to IgG or IgM. PMID- 6966578 TI - Effects of increasing serotonergic receptor activity in brain on analgesic activity in rats. PMID- 6966577 TI - Hypothalamic input to brain stem neurons responsive to oropharyngeal stimulation. AB - The aim of this study was to determine if electrical stimulation of diencephalic sites previously implicated in feeding behavior and metabolic homeostasis could influence the unit activity of caudal brain stem neurons receiving oropharyngeal input. Electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani nerve (CT) was used to first identify brain stem units. A significant number of these CT-responsive neurons could also be driven by lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) stimulation. Medially placed diencephalic stimulating electrodes were not effective in altering unit activity of CT-responsive brain stem neurons. Tests of temporal summation showed that LHA conditioning pulses could significantly alter brain stem unit responses to CT test pulses at short interpulse intervals. These results demonstrate the presence of descending input from the LHA-medial forebrain bundle (MFB) to brain stem neurons possibly involved in oropharyngeal sensation and gustatory-evoked phenomena. PMID- 6966579 TI - Effects of changes in osmolality on spinal cord activity. PMID- 6966581 TI - Polypeptides of the lens fibre cell intracellular matrix. AB - The cytoskeletal proteins of the vertebrate lens fibre cell comprise polypeptides raging in mol.wt from 43,000 to 250,000 daltons. The main intermediate filament polypeptide of the pickerel, Northern frog, chick, bovine, and human lens has a mol.wt of 54,000 daltons. Peptide analysis revealed that the chick 54,000 dalton protein was more similar to the bovine protein than to the pickerel protein. PMID- 6966580 TI - Inhibition and stimulation of rat thymocytes in vitro by partial hepatectomy. AB - Male Sprague Dawley rats were partially hepatectomized. At different times after operation, their thymocytes were isolated and incubated for 5 hours at 37 degrees C in an RPMI medium with 10% rat control serum and their incorporation of 3HTdR was then determined. 1 and 2 days after partial hepatectomy, the thymocytes incorporate much less 3H TdR; from day 3 to day 10 a stimulation of proliferation was observed. Thymocytes of control animals incorporate much less 3HTdR when incubated with sera from animals 1 day to 4 days post partial hepatectomy. Corticosterone, cortisol, testosterone, alpha-fetoglobulin, putrescine, sperimidine, spermine and cadaverine do not influence the incorporation of labelled thymidine into control thymocytes during an incubation of 5 hours. PMID- 6966582 TI - Effect of glycerol treatment on sodium and potassium in isolated muscle fibres of the frog. AB - The sodium concentration in single frog muscle fibres vacuolated by glycerol treatment was significantly higher than in devacuolated fibres. Intracellular potassium concentration did not show any significant change. It is concluded that the transverse tubular system forms vacuoles with a high NaCl concentration upon glycerol removal. PMID- 6966583 TI - Antidepressant drugs elevate rat pineal and plasma melatonin. AB - Acute administration in the mid-light phase of a number of antidepressant drugs of different pharmacological profiles elevated pineal and plasma melatonin (measured by radioimmunoassay). Following chronic treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine, the elevation was significantly reduced. This may be an effect of reduced beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity after chronic clomipramine administration, analogous to other findings of reduced beta adrenergic receptor binding and reduced noradrenaline-sensitive adenylate-cyclase response. PMID- 6966585 TI - [Action of morphine and fentanyl during the electrostimulation of biologically active points]. AB - Experiments on rabbits showed the summation of analgesia induced by electric stimulation of biologically active points (BAP) and by administration of morphine and fentanil within a certain dosage range. The differences recorded in cortical evoked potentials in response to excitation of BAP and of an active point of the rabbit forefoot were levelled off in the presence of morphine administration. PMID- 6966587 TI - The eggs of European water frogs (Rana esculenta complex) and their hybrids. PMID- 6966586 TI - Redox equilibrium in the acceptor quinone complex of isolated reaction centers and the mode of action of O-phenanthroline. PMID- 6966584 TI - The C-terminal sequence of human and porcine antithrombin III and its homology with human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. AB - The C-terminal amino acid sequences of human and of porcine antithrombin III have been determined as Gly-Arg-Val-Ala-Asn-Pro-Cys-Val-Lys and Gly-Arg-Val-Ala-Asn Pro-Cys, respectively. These sequences are highly homologous with the C-terminal sequence of human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. PMID- 6966588 TI - Inhibitory effects of alpha 1-antitrypsin derived asialooligosaccharides on the liver uptake of the asialoglycoprotein. PMID- 6966589 TI - A novel T-cell line derived from adult T-cell leukemia. PMID- 6966590 TI - [Bleeding rectal varices are unusual in cirrhotic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966591 TI - Neurogenic tumor of small intestine, report of a case with review of literature. AB - A case of neurofibroma of small intestine presented with massive intra-abdominal bleeding was reported. There was a total of 51 cases of neurogenic tumor of small intestine including the present case to be collected from Japanese literature. 33 cases were not associated with Von Recklinghausen's disease. Discussion was given according to their sex and age distribution, symptom and sign, type of development, tendency of malignant degeneration, and treatment. PMID- 6966592 TI - Chronic gastrointestinal bleeding from ileal varices after total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: correction by mesocaval shunt. AB - This report describes a 48-yr-old woman who had undergone proctocolectomy and ileostomy for ulcerative colitis. Subsequently, numerous episodes of bleeding via the ileostomy occurred during a 24-mo period. Despite numerous procedures, including upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, ileoscopy. celiac and superior mesenteric arteriography, and exploratory laparatomy, a bleeding site was not identified. However, a detailed arteriographic examination with special venous phase studies clearly demonstrated ileal varices. A mesocaval shunt resulted in a marked reduction in portal pressure, and the patient had experienced no recurrent bleeding over a 24-mo period. The importance of obtaining appropriate venous phase studies during arteriography is emphasized because it is critical in establishing the correct diagnosis. PMID- 6966593 TI - Beta error vs. nonsignificant significance. PMID- 6966594 TI - Bleeding gastric varices and gastric torsion secondary to a wandering spleen. AB - We are reporting a patient who presente with upper gastrointestinal bleeding which was in part caused by a wandering spleen. Endoscopy revealed erosions of gastric varices in the presence of gastric torsion. At surgical exploration the spleen was present in the pelvis. The twisted and elongated splenic pedicle resulted in a markedly dilated venous system of the proximal stomach and the engorged spleen. The literature of the wandering spleen is reviewed. PMID- 6966596 TI - [Pre-eclampsia and placental hormones (author's transl)]. AB - Human placental lactogen (HPL) and beta 1-SP-1, a placental glycoprotein specific for pregnancy, were determined in 177 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia of varying severity. The serum levels of both hormones decrease during pregnancy in concordance to the severity of pre-eclampsia. In women with severe pre-eclampsia more than 50% showed extreme decreases of the serum concentrations of both hormones. Because of the simple methodology of the test, rapid availability of the results and a lower cost, the determination of the beta-1-SP-1 is perferable to the determination of HPL. PMID- 6966595 TI - Immune function in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction and the effect of splenectomy. AB - Abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity-anergy to delayed hypersensitivity skin testing, diminished T-lymphocyte concentrations and mitogen responsiveness, and the presence of serum inhibitors--have been shown to be present in patients with portal venous obstruction and normal hepatic function. In contrast, tests of humoral immunity--antibody titiers to viral and bacterial antigens and immunoglobulin concentrations--were normal. These abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity are probably the result of the development of portal hypertension, portosystemic shunting, and congestive splenomegaly. These studies raise the possibility that qualitatively similar defects in patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension may, in part, be attributable to the same mechanisms. PMID- 6966598 TI - [The results of combined voice-stimulation therapy with asynchronic electric current on hypofunctional dysphonia and muscle weakness]. PMID- 6966599 TI - [Physical therapy in rheumatic diseases]. AB - Physicotherapy is of rather high importance for many rheumatic diseases. Cold as well as warm applications will be positively effecting alleviation of distress and pain if close observation of the various stages is guaranteed. Indications for the different electrotherapeutic proceedings, however, have to some extent not been put up yet. Medical gymnastics is so far representing the only causally active therapy. The present study is demonstrating physicotherapeutic methods in relation to stages of rheumatic disease, as for instance in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, during some forms of non-articular rheumatism and--only fleetingly--arthrosis. PMID- 6966601 TI - Growth differences between lower and middle income black male adolescents. PMID- 6966600 TI - Radio-iodinated surface proteins of electrophoretically separated rat lymphocytes. AB - Rat thymocytes and lymph node cells were separated into three T and one B subpopulation by means of free flow electrophoresis. The surface proteins of the separated cells were labeled by lactoperoxidase catalysed radioiodination. Most of the label was demonstrated to be at the cell surface. The labelled cells were either lysed in sodium dodecyl sulphate or treated with Nonidet P-40 to extract cell proteins. The radioiodinated proteins were analysed on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. In contrast to sodium dodecyl sulphate Nonidet P-40 did not extract cell proteins completely. Furthermore the degree of extraction varied considerably in the different cell populations. 58% of protein bound radioactivity was extracted from thymocytes, 67% from peripheral T cells and 81% from B cells. Gel electrophoresis revealed that four proteins were not extracted at all, whereas five components were better soluble in Nonidet P-40 than all other proteins. One protein was extracted from B cells only although it was present in all cells. Although the surface protein patterns of the four lymphocyte subpopulations were rather similar, distinctive differences could be found. B cells had six labelled proteins which seemed to be absent in the other cells, In the T cell group, three protein bands were identified, each with specificity for peripheral T cells, thymocytes and all T cells respectively. Four other proteins were found which showed quantitative differences between the four cell groups. PMID- 6966597 TI - Ocular pain in the elderly: simple symptom or hidden danger? PMID- 6966602 TI - The development of unusual B-cell functions in the testosterone-propionate treated chicken. AB - Chickens were treated with 4 mg of testosterone propionate on the twelfth day of embryonic life. Bursal remnants of testosterone-treated chickens were very small in size and had very few or no bursal follicles: the lymphoid tissue was replaced substantially by fibrosis. Testosterone-treated chickens formed almost exclusively IgM antibodies to sheep red blood cells and influenza virus, whereas no IgM or IgG response to Brucella abortus or Salmonella pullorum, and no IgG response to sheep red blood cells was demonstrable. Surgical removal of bursal remnants of testosterone-treated chickens at hatching did not significantly affect IgM response to sheep red blood cells. These B-cell functions of testosterone-treated chickens were not improved by addition of T cells, as shown by adoptive cell transfer experiments. Thus, there appears to be an unusual type B-cell development which is independent of the bursa of Fabricius. PMID- 6966603 TI - The B-cell development independent of the bursa of Fabricius but dependent upon the thymus in chickens treated with testosterone propionate. AB - Spleen cells taken from chickens treated with testosterone propionate, surgically bursectomized and immunized, were treated with anti-bursa-cell antiserum in the presence of complement, and transferred together with the mixed antigens into immunodeficient chickens. The recipient chickens showed restored capacity for antibody response to sheep red blood cells. In contrast, adoptive immune responses by spleen cells from normal chickens were abolished by treating with anti-bursa-cell antiserum in the presence of complement. These findings indicate that antibody-forming cells in TP-treated chickens do not bear cell-surface antigens specific for bursa cells; Testosterone-treated chickens were thymectomized at 7 days of age and immunized with the mixed antigens; the chickens thus treated were not able to produce antibodies. Thymocytes and thymus derived cells taken from normal chickens were transferred into the testosterone treated and surgically thymectomized chickens; but the antibody responses were not restored, indicating that absence of antibody formation in testosterone treated, thymectomized birds is not due to lack of T cells as such. This result was confirmed by using adoptive transfer of B cells taken from testosterone treated chickens together with T cells. PMID- 6966604 TI - Hybridization between T and B lymphoma cell lines. AB - The AKR thymoma line BW 5147 has been successfully hybridized with the IgM bearing (BALB/c x NZB)F1 B lymphoma line WEHI 231. In the hybrids formed, T-cell characteristics were dominant, i.e. there was no expression of IgM but continued expression of Thy-1.1 in eight out of eight lines. Moreover, in two out of eight lines, the Thy-1.2 allele was also expressed. We conclude that, in its ability to hybridize, BW 5147 is not restricted to cells of similar ontogenetic origin (i.e. T cells) and that fusion with the thymoma can lead to suppression of B-cell gene expression and derepression of genes for T-cell markers. PMID- 6966606 TI - Immunological properties of Fc receptor on lymphocytes. VIII. The behaviour of FcR+ and FcR- T cells in cell-mediated immune responses. AB - The roles of splenic FcR+ and FcR- T cells from mice immunized either with allogeneic cells or with LCMV or stimulated either with MMC-treated allogeneic cells or TNP-modified syngeneic cells in vitro were examined for cell-mediated cytolytic responses. Effective lysis was observed in the FcR- cell fraction enriched with nylon wool eluted T cells in all experiments. Killer cells were generated from the FcR- T-cell fraction after exposure to either allo-, virus- or chemically modified antigen. On the other hand, the lytic activity of the FcR+ T cell fraction, was low but nevertheless still significant. However, this weak cytotoxicity was increased by 24 h of incubation, although the recovery of living cells was found to be significantly lower in the FcR+ than in the FcR- T-cell fraction. This suggested that non-killer cells, which could interfere with the activity of pre-killer cells, were perhaps preferentially eliminated after binding with the immune complexes. Moreover, almost complete inhibition of lytic activity was achieved in allo-activated FcR+ T, but not FcR- T-cell fraction, after they had been treated with immune complexes, implying a functional significance of FcR in the manifestation of lytic activity. PMID- 6966605 TI - Enhancement of T-cell response to PWM by neuraminidase-treated non-T cells. AB - The effect of neuraminidase (from Cl. perfringens, CPN) on the human lymphocyte response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was studied. CPN treatment greatly increased [3H]-thymidine incorporation by human lymphocytes at lower concentrations of PWM. This enzyme acted specifically on T-cell proliferation and had no direct effect on non-T-cell proliferation. When CPN-treated non-T cells were added to autologous T cells, [3H]-thymidine incorporation was markedly enhanced at lower concentrations of PWM. However, the addition of T cells pre-treated with mitomycin C (MMC) to CPN-treated non-T cells failed to increase [3H]-thymidine incorporation in contrast to the controls. MMC-blocked, CPN-treated non-T cells significantly enhanced T-cell proliferation, whereas the effect of MMC-blocked, CPN-treated adherent cells was equal to that of the controls. These data indicate that cell-surface properties of non-T cells other than monocytes affect T-cell proliferation in some situations. PMID- 6966607 TI - Serum protein concentrations during Schistosoma mansoni infection in intact and T cell deprived mice. I. The acute phase proteins, C3 and serum amyloid P-component (SAP). AB - Normal mice developed marked elevation of two acute phase plasma proteins, C3 and serum amyloid P-component (SAP), between 40 and 50 days after percutaneous infection with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. The high levels persisted until the end of the experiment (day 106). The onset of this acute phase response corresponds with the reported time at which granulomata develop in the liver. In mice deprived of T cells by thymectomy and anti-thymocyte serum, the granulomata were significantly smaller and all the animals died between days 70 and 80. These mice had normal C3 levels throughout although there was a rise in SAP concentration. C3 and SAP levels in infected control mice, which had been thymectomized but not deprived of T cells with anti-thymocyte serum, were the same as in intact infected animals. The different behaviour of C3 and SAP in infected T-cell deprived mice may reflect the alteration in specific schistosomal pathology and/or a role for T cells in mediation of the acute phase production of some proteins. PMID- 6966608 TI - Induction of cytotoxic peritoneal exudate cells by T-cell immune adjuvants of the beta(1 leads to 3) glucan-type lentinan and its analogues. AB - Eight distinct polysaccharides (PS) of beta(1 leads to 3) glucan type were tested for their capacity to render murine peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) cytotoxic. After intraperitoneal injection of lentinan, pachymaran and HE-pachyman 3 and 4 highly cytotoxic PEC were induced. Pachyman and HE-pachyman 1 and 2 were of moderate effect, whereas CM-pachymaran and HE-pachyman 3 and 4, highly cytotoxic PEC were induced. Pachyman and HE-pachymacrophages. The induction of PEC dependent cytotoxicity exhibited a strict dose relationship. Optimal administration of PS resulted in the induction of cytotoxicity, which persisted for more than 25 days. Surprisingly, none of the PS tested was capable of rendering normal or thioglycollate-induced PEC cytoxic under in vitro conditions. It is suggested that the capacity of PS to render in vivo macrophages cytotoxic is related to the potency of these PS to activate the alternative pathway of complement system (APC) in so far as C3b may be the essential component required to render macrophages cytotoxic. PMID- 6966609 TI - Specific and total IgE responses to antigenic stimuli in Brown-Norway, Lewis and Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Kinetics of primary and booster-specific and total IgE responses to distinct antigenic stimuli were studied in two inbred rat strains, Brown-Norway (BN) and Lewis, and one outbred, Sprague-Dawley (SD). The rats were immunized three or four times at intervals varying between 15 and 22 days by subcutaneous injections of 10 microgram ovalbumin, keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) mixed with 10 mg aluminium hydroxide gel. IgE antibodies were measured in sera by PCA titres. High responses were obtained in BN rats (PCA titres about 10,000 after booster) and low responses in Lewis and SD rats. Positive booster responses were obtained in the three strains. Peritoneal mast cells collected from the three strains after immunization could degranulate on in vitro addition of specific antigen. In contrast, BN mast cells were bad receptors while Lewis and SD mast cells were good receptors for in vitro passive sensitization by mouse IgE antibodies. Total serum IgE was assayed by an in vitro competitive inhibition bioassay (CIB). The values before immunization were higher in BN (1-4 microgram/ml) than in Lewis (less than 0.25 microgram/ml) or SD rats (0.6 microgram/ml). After immunization, a striking increase could be observed in BN rats (up to 170 microgram/ml). There was no parallel between total IgE and IgE antibody levels at different times after immunization. PMID- 6966610 TI - Experimental model of B-cell deficiency in mice. PMID- 6966611 TI - Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract of athymic (nu/nu) mice. AB - The immune system may be one host defense mechanism preventing viable indigenous bacteria from translocating from the mouse gastrointestinal lumen to the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, or kidney. The role of T-cell-dependent immunity in preventing bacteria from translocating from the gastrointestinal tract was tested with congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, heterozygous (nu/+) mice, and thymus-grafted nude (nu/nu) mice. Viable bacteria were cultured from 50% of the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleens, livers, and kidneys of athymic (nu/nu) mice, whereas heterozygous (nu/+) mice exhibited viable bacteria in only 5.2% of these organs. Both aerobic and strictly anaerobic bacteria were cultured from these organs with Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus predominanting. Grafting thymuses to the athymic (nu/nu) mice restored their immunological responses to sheep erythrocyte antigens. The incidence of bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract was reduced from 50% in the athymic (nu/nu) mice to 7.8% in the thymus-grafted (nu/nu) mice. Thus, T-cell-dependent immunity restored by thymic grafts inhibited the translocation of certain indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the spleen, liver, and kidney in nu/nu mice. PMID- 6966613 TI - Haemophilus influenzae b infection in rats: effect of splenectomy on bloodstream and meningeal invasion after intravenous and intranasal inoculations. AB - We investigated the effect of splenectomy on the susceptibility of rats to intravenous or intranasal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae, type b. The 50% lethal dose for asplenic rats inoculated either by intravenous (i.v.) (10(4.7)) or intranasal (i.n.) (10(4.6)) injection was similar, but significantly lower than the 50% lethal dose value in sham-operated rats (10(8.6) i.v. and 10(9.0) i.n.). Mean survival time was significantly longer for asplenic rats inoculated i.n. (49.3 h) compared to asplenic rats inoculated i.v. (24.4h). Similarly, sham operated rats inoculated i.n. survived significantly longer after i.n. challenge (mean survival time, 171.4 h) than after i.v. challenge (34.7 h). Bacteremia was detected in 100% of asplenic rats and in 80% of sham-operated rats. The geometric mean number of bacteria in the blood of asplenic rats (10(4.90) per ml) was significantly greater than in sham-operated rats (10(3.29) per ml). Meningitis was detected in 7 of 15 randomly sacrificed asplenic rats, whereas none of 15 sham-operated rats had evidence of meningeal invasion. Thus, the asplenic rat was more susceptible to experimentally induced H. influenzae bacteremia, meningitis, and fatal sepsis and offers a biologically relevant experimental model for investigating the role of the spleen in defense against infection with encapsulated bacteria. PMID- 6966612 TI - Effect of immunosuppression on the development of experimental hematogenous Candida endophthalmitis. AB - The induction of neutropenia and immunosuppression by the administration of nitrogen mustard (HN2) decreased the frequency and altered the morphology of clinically detectable hematogenous Candida endophthalmitis in the rabbit model of disseminated candidiasis. Whereas 95% of eyes in rabbits infected with Candida albicans without pretreatment with HN2 developed typical lesions of hematogenous Candida endophthalmitis, only 6.2% of eyes in rabbits that had been given 3.0 mg of HN2 per kg developed clinically detectable endophthalmitis. Lesions that developed in the severely immunocompromised and neutropenic rabbits were small and atypical in appearance. From these data, we conclude that ophthalmoscopic examination may not be a sensitive diagnostic modality for disseminated candidiasis in severely immunocompromised, neutropenic patients. PMID- 6966614 TI - Growth characteristics and pathogenesis of experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was produced in two groups of rats by the administration of corticosteroids, a low-protein (8%) diet, and tetracycline in the drinking water. A third group not on corticosteroids or a low-protein diet served as controls. Members of the first group were sacrificed weekly for 8 weeks, and lungs were examined. A highly significant correlation was found between the histopathological assessment of the intensity of P. carinii infection and the number of cysts counted in enzyme-digested lungs. P. carinii progressively filled alveoli, and cyst counts increased from less than or equal to 10(4) to 10(9) cysts/g of lung at peak intensity of infection at 7 to 8 weeks. The second group of rats was placed on a regular diet and tapering doses of corticosteroids after week 4, and they were sacrificed at varying intervals for up to 21 weeks. P. carinii was not cleared from the lungs until after week 13 (more than 6 weeks after discontinuation of all steroids). Histologically, there was an increased prominence of alveolar macrophages and the progressive development of interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate and fibrosis. Thus, P. carinii grows grows slowly in vivo and interacts with specific host cells. The resulting changes may be important in the pathogenesis of the infection and in the clearance of the organism from the lung after immunocompetence has been restored. PMID- 6966615 TI - Depressed immunological defence mechanisms in mice with experimentally induced diabetes. AB - Persistent diabetes mellitus with marked hyperglycemia was induced in mice by the administration of streptozotocin. In these streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, resistance to tubercle bacillus challenge and primary as well as secondardy humoral immune responses against foreign erythrocytes were markedly depressed. The T-cell function in delayed hypersensitivity to 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene and bacterial phagocytic activity or peritoneal macrophages were markedly depressed. In contrast, the B-cell function in antibody production against T independent antigen and the intracellular killing of bacteria in peritoneal macrophages were intact. We concluded that depression of the T-cell function or the phagocytic activity of macrophages or both may be the main immunological defect in these mice. PMID- 6966616 TI - Mitogenic activity of water-soluble adjuvant obtained from Bacterionema matruchotii. AB - A butanol-extracted water-soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) obtained from Bacterionema matruchotii, a gram-positive oral bacterium, is a potent B-cell mitogen for murine lymphocytes in vitro. [(3)H]thymidine uptake of cultured spleen cells of BALB/c mice and nude athymic mice was greatly enhanced by the presence of Bu-WSA. Spleen cells which had been treated previously with rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum and guinea pig complement responded to Bu-WSA, whereas thymocytes and nylon wool column-filtered spleen cells were unresponsive to it. It was necessary for the adjuvant to be in the culture for at least 24 h in order to obtain significant lymphocyte activation. As macrophage-depleted spleen cells still responded to Bu-WSA, the proliferative response of lymphocytes seems to be independent of the presence of macrophages. The degree of response of spleen cells stimulated by a mixture of Bu-WSA and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was very close to the sum of the responses stimulated by Bu-WSA and LPS individually. Spleen cells of LPS-injected mice, which were refractory to LPS, responded to Bu WSA. On the other hand, the spleen cells of Bu-WSA-injected mice responded to LPS but not to Bu-WSA. Furthermore, the cells obtained from the spleens of mice which had been heavily cobalt 60 irradiated and bone marrow reconstituted 3 weeks in advance responded to LPS but not to Bu-WSA. Therefore, it appears that the cells responding to Bu-WSA were not identical to those responding to LPS. PMID- 6966617 TI - [An opinion survey of surgical patients provided with useful anti-anxiety measures]. PMID- 6966618 TI - Influence of pregnancy on the immune response to ragweed antigen in rats. AB - The reactivity of spleen lymphocytes in culture and the reaginic antibody (IgE) response to nondialyzable water-soluble ragweed (DWSR) extract were assessed at different intervals of pregnancy in rats. On day 6 of pregnancy, spleen cells showed a significant reduction in their mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and slightly lowered response to concanavalin A (Con A) when compared to that of control nonpregnant rats. On day 11 of pregnancy, values obtained with PHA were slightly lower and those obtained with Con A similar to those of control rats. However, at day 18 of gestation, PHA values also returned to normal levels. In contrast, IgE antibody response to DWSR from day 4 to 9 of pregnancy was either slightly enhanced or similar to that of control rats and significantly suppressed from day 11 to 18 of gestation. The decline in humoral response to DWSR during late pregnancy is discussed in the text. PMID- 6966619 TI - Monitoring trends in drug use. AB - The pattern of drug use in a community can alter so rapidly that the conventional methods of survey do not adequately assess the dynamics of the situation. Monitoring may indicate changes in prevalence, attitudes, and a variety of other criteria in the course of time, and from this base allow assessment of intervention measures and the prediction of trends. Annual surveys of selected population groups with a self-administered questionnaire established the utility of this technique of monitoring, and revealed a progressive increase in the use of licit and illicit drugs, principally alcohol and marijuana. The only group of drugs to show a decrease in use were the stimulants. PMID- 6966620 TI - Experimental autoimmune uveitis: cellular immune responsiveness. PMID- 6966622 TI - Chronicity in mental health illness: does "nursing care" maintain it? PMID- 6966621 TI - Current trends in open heart surgery. PMID- 6966623 TI - Divergence of cortisol-induced involution of T and B cell areas in mouse lymph nodes and spleen. A histomorphometrical, enzyme-histochemical, and immunohistochemical study. AB - The present functional and morphological studies strongly favour the concept that systemic immunosuppression with corticosteroids evokes differential, but not necessarily independent, lymph node and splenic responses. PMID- 6966625 TI - Inhibition of cephalosporin beta-lactamase by M4854-I and M4854-II. PMID- 6966624 TI - Marked elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in rheumatic disease. PMID- 6966627 TI - In vitro activity of cefazedone, a new cephalosporin antibiotic. PMID- 6966626 TI - Antibacterial activity of new beta-lactam antibiotics on cefoxitin-resistant strains of Bacteroides fragilis. PMID- 6966628 TI - Properties of Haemophilus influenzae mutants that are slightly recombination deficient and carry a mutation in the rec-1 gene region. AB - The highly recombination-deficient rec-1 mutants of Haemophilus influenzae are, as far as tested, equivalent to recA mutants of Escherichia coli. By selection for mutations in the rec-1 gene of H. influenzae, mutants designated ird (intermediary recombination-deficient) mutants were isolated; these mutants were much less recombination deficient (degree of transformability, 0.2 to 30% of wild type value) than previously isolated rec-1 mutants (degree of transformability, 0.0001% of wild-type value). The ird mutants were more sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation and mytomycin C treatment than the wild type, but less sensitive than rec-1 mutants. Spontaneous production of phage HP1c1 by lysogenic MC11 cells and prophage induction by mitomycin C or ultraviolet irradiation were the same as in the wild type. In the ird mutants endogenous deoxyribonucleic acid was degraded both spontaneously and after ultraviolet irradiation to the same extent as in the wild type. Examination of one of the ird mutants revealed that recombination could be enhanced by ultraviolet irradiation, possibly because of an increased synthesis of the rec-1 gene product induced by ultraviolet irradiation. PMID- 6966629 TI - Chromosomally integrated conjugative plasmids are common in antibiotic-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Twenty-three highly antibiotic-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae and two of Haemophilus parainfluenzae without detectable large plasmids were examined for conjugative transfer of their resistance to H. influenzae strain Rd or to other strains. Very inefficient transfer was observed for 18 H. influenzae strains and 1 H. parainfluenzae strain. All H. influenzae transcipients carried a large plasmid, and they were in turn efficient donors of their resistances in standard conjugation crosses with isogenic recipients. This was not seen for the H. parainfluenzae transcipients. It is concluded that most of the original antibiotic-resistant cultures carried an integrated conjugative R plasmid which had been excised in a few cells in each population. It was these cells which transferred resistance in the primary crosses. PMID- 6966631 TI - Determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in plasma and spinal fluid by high performance liquid chromatography, using on-column concentration and electrochemical detection. AB - Chromatographic conditions for the determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in plasma and spinal fluid are described, involving simple pretreatment of the sample. Electrochemical detection was used. The linear range of the method is more than 10(3). Recovery from plasma and spinal fluid is 100%, and the detection limit of the method is 2.10(-9) M, sufficient for the detection of endogenous plasma and spinal fluid levels. The detection conditions are discussed. Endogenous concentrations of the compound in plasma and spinal fluid were determined and correlated with a folate bioassay. Plasma concentrations have been shown after the administration of leucovorin which is used in anticancer therapy. PMID- 6966630 TI - Complications relating to vascular prosthetic grafts. AB - Arteriography remains the definitive radiologic procedure for diagnosing complications of vascular prosthetic grafting. Gray scale B-mode ultrasonography is well suited for detection of false aneurysms, abscesses, and hematomas. The gastrointestinal series is of limited value in assessing most grafts. In non emergent cases, excretory urography may provide useful diagnostic information as well as determine the location of the kidneys and ureters preoperatively. Computed tomography may aid in demonstrating and following the course of postoperative hematomas; it may also be valuable in demonstrating periprosthetic abscess. A strategy is suggested for selecting the appropriate method of evaluating vascular prosthetic grafts. PMID- 6966632 TI - Influence of periodontal health on probing depth and bleeding tendency. AB - This study investigates the effect of initial treatment on 1) probing force related to probing depth, 2) the attachment level, 3) the position of the gingival margin and 4) the clinical signs of color and change of contour of the gingiva in relation to the bleeding tendency of a pocket. It also addresses the question of whether, in deep inflamed periodontal pockets, the tip of the probe is located at the attachment level when a probing force of 0.75N is used, as has already been shown in pockets related to noninflamed gingival margins. Four different probing forces are used: 0.15N, 0.25N, 0.50N and 0.75N and results show an increasing probing depth with an increasing probing force, both before and after treatment. Initial treatment results in a decrease of mean probing depth but the change is dependent on the applied probing force. The mean probing depth reduction decreased from 1.71 mm (assessed with 0.15N) to 1.24 mm (assessed with 0.75N). Since results from this and a previous study indicate that both before and after treatment the tip of the probe is located at the attachment level when a probing force of 0.75N is used, it may be postulated that the reduction of mean probe-tip level measurements (= probing depth measurement from a fixed point) reflects a degree of connective tissue reattachment. Patients in the initial treatment study were selected on the basis of obvious redness and swelling of the gingiva. After treatment, both of these symptoms almost disappear, whereas the Periodontal Pocket Bleeding Index (P.P.B.I.) decreases only from 0.87 before treatment, to 0.45 after treatment. PMID- 6966633 TI - Phylogeny of enteric serotonergic neurons. AB - Serotonergic neurons have previously been identified in the enteric nervous systems of humans, subhuman primates, rodents, and rabbits. The distribution of enteric serotonergic neurons in lower vertebrates was examined in order to determine if these neurons are restricted to mammals and, if they are found more generally amongst vertebrates, when they first appear in vertebrate phylogeny. Since mammalian enteric serotonergic neurons take up 3H-serotonin by a highly specific mechanism, the radioautographic demonstration of axonal uptake of 3H serotonin was used as the primary tool in looking for these neurons. As controls, conditions known to interfere with 3H-serotonin uptake by mammalian enteric neurons were also examined. These controls included incubation with 10 microM fluoxetine, a specific antagonist, incubation in Na+-free medium, and incubation in the presence of a 100-fold excess of nonradioactive serotonin. Radio autographic labeling had to be absent or greatly reduced under all three control conditions for labeling by 3H-serotonin to be considered specific. Labeled enteric axons were found in cyclostomes (hagfish), teleosts (goldfish), and amphibia (bull-frog) but not in tunicates (sea squirt; sea vase) or echinoderms (sea cucumber). In addition, the serotonin concentration was measured in the intestine of two vertebrates, hagfish and goldfish, that do not have serotonin containing enterochromaffin cells. Serotonin was found in both; in hagfish, the amine concentration was highest in preparations of muscularis externa containing the myenteric plexus. It is concluded that enteric serotonergic neurons arose early in vertebrate evolution, possibly in an ancestral chordate resembling amphioxus, although probably not in more primitive prevertebrates, and that they are a general feature of the vertebrate bowel. PMID- 6966634 TI - The potential binocular field and its tectal representation in Rana pipiens. AB - We have studied binocularity in Rana pipiens using optical, behavioral, and electrophysiological assays. The first two assays yielded a consistent picture of the size and shape of the area of uniocular visual field overlap, the potential binocular field. Potential binocular field has an extent of about 90 degrees on the horizontal in front of the frog, narrows to about 60 degrees above the frog's head, and continues to a point well behind the frog. This differs somewhat from a previous report (Fite, '73). Uniocular visual field extent on the horizontal is in excess of 225 degrees, permitting both a large binocular field and panoramic vision. The electrophysiological assay confirms the large uniocular visual field extent. It further shows that physiological binocularity closely reflects uniocular visual field overlap, in the sense that tectal loci representing positions in the potential binocular field, including those behind the frog's head, display convergent inputs from the two eyes. PMID- 6966636 TI - Sexual differences in dental development and prediction of emergence. AB - The dental development of a genetically homogeneous French-Canadian group of children ranging in age from 2.5 to 19 years was evaluated from 5,437 panoramic radiographs by the method of Demirjian et al. The maturity of each mandibular tooth was evaluated individually. For each stage of each tooth, the developmental curves of boys and girls were compared. A common pattern was found for each tooth, namely the chronological similarity between boys and girls in the early stages of development and the advancement of girls over boys for the later stages. Development scores were given to the seven mandibular teeth. Up to five to six years of age, no difference was found in the timing of dental development between boys and girls, in contrast to the older ages where girls were always more developed than boys. When the emergence curve was plotted with developmental curves, a close relation was established between the stage of formation of all teeth and their emergence, hence the predictive value of the use of dental maturity curves in clinics. PMID- 6966637 TI - Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6966635 TI - Retinoic acid and photocarcinogenesis workshop. PMID- 6966638 TI - Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6966639 TI - Manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6966640 TI - Other experimental observations. PMID- 6966641 TI - Inaccuracy and uncertainty in estimates of college student suicide rates. PMID- 6966642 TI - Immunoregulation in autoimmunity. PMID- 6966644 TI - [Marginal pellucid degeneration of the cornea, or marginal keratoconus (author's transl)]. AB - Histological and ultrastructural examination of the corneas of a woman presenting with marginal pellucid degeneration, treated by bilateral perforating keratoplasty, revealed obvious analogies with keratoconus. The condition of marginal pellucid degeneration is really only an excentric keratoconus. Marginal pellucid degeneration is a rare affection but it has been clinically sell defined. Many authors seem to have recognized it under various different names (cylindrical keratoconus, corneal protusion, piriform cornea). It is a pouch shaped deformity of the cornea overlying a thinning of the linear stroma concentric to the limbus, always inferior and bilateral, perfectly transparent, non-vascularized, and without signs of corneal of conjunctival inflammation. The affection usually occurs in young adults. PMID- 6966643 TI - Partial matricectomy via negative galvanic current. PMID- 6966645 TI - Assay of succinate dehydrogenase activity by the tetrazolium method: evaluation of an improved technique in skeletal muscle fractions. AB - An improved spectrophotometric method for measuring succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) activity with the use of 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5 phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT) is described. The procedure has been evaluated in mitochondrial fractions and homogenates of frog skeletal muscle. For mitochondrial suspensions, extraction of formazan with alcohol was found to be superior to extraction with ethyl acetate. For homogenates, complete extraction of formazan required sequential treatment with alcohol and ethyl acetate; the generally employed procedure of extracting once with ethyl acetate alone led to serious underestimation of the amount of formazan in the tissue. Observations of mitochondrial suspension incubated with various concentrations of INT led to the selection of 0.8 mM INT for optimal results. Higher concentrations, although commonly used, can exert undesirable inhibitory effects on succinate dehydrogenase activity, especially at low concentrations of mitochondria and after longer periods of incubation. The problem of instability of succinate dehydrogenase was solved by the addition of buffer at pH 7.5. PMID- 6966646 TI - Ultrastruct and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase localization in a T-cell hairy-cell leukemia cell line. AB - Hairy-cell leukemia is characterized clinically in splenomegaly and pancytopenia and pathologically by the proliferation in hematopoietic tissue of cells containing the tartrate-resistant isozyme 5 of acid phosphatase. We have described a patient with a T-lymphocyte variant of this disease. A permanent cell line obtained from the spleen of this patient has the biological and enzymatic characteristics of the fresh leukemic cells. We have used this line to study the surface morphology, ultrastructure, and ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase in defined T-lymphoid hairy cells. The surface of the cells of the permanent line was smooth but many hair-like projections appeared after exposure to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). There was little acid phosphatase reaction produce visualized when beta-glycerophosphate was used as a substrate. With sodium haphthol AS-BI phosphoric acid heavy deposits were seen in the perinuclear membrane, mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Exposure to PHA and pokeweed mitogen resulted in increased reaction product, suggesting increased enzyme synthesis. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was localized in the same organelles. PMID- 6966647 TI - Inherited 7S immunoglobulin deficiency in chickens: presence of suppressor T cells that suppress synthesis of 7S immunoglobulin but not IgM. AB - University of California (UCD) line 140 chickens, previously described to have an inherited 7S Ig deficiency and dysgammaglobulinemia associated with early bursal defects, and autoimmune phenomena were examined for the presence of suppressor cells. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated UCD 140 peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to synthesize IgM but not 7S Ig. In co-culture, UCD 140 PBL specifically inhibited 7S Ig but not IgM synthesis of PWM-stimulated PBL from normal birds. Normal 7S Ig synthesis usually was suppressed 40 to 80%, although PBL from some normal birds were not suppressible. Adoptive transfer of UCD 140 spleen cells to normal chicks resulted in early and transient decreased serum 7S Ig levels. Homology at the B locus (major histocompatibility complex) was not required for suppression. Higher levels of suppressor cells were found in UCD 140 than in normal birds as early as 13 days of age. The suppressor cells were found to be T cells as indicated by inactivation with anti-T antiserum but not with anti-B antiserum, and by suppression associated with T cell fractions obtained by nylon wool fractionation. UCD 140 B cells, obtained by nylon wool fractionation, were stimulated with PWM to synthesize 7S Ig when provided with normal T cells. These findings are discussed with particular reference to early bursal anomalies. PMID- 6966648 TI - Regulatory role of IgE-binding factors from rat T lymphocytes. I. Mechanism of enhancement of IgE response by IgE-potentiating factor. AB - T lymphocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes of rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis spontaneously released a soluble factor that selectively potentiated the IgE-forming cell response of antigen-primed cells to homologous antigen. The factor could enhance the IgE response of DNP-OA-primed cells to DNP-HSA and T cell-replacing factor. In contrast, the treatment of OA-primed T cells with the factor failed to enhance either the IgE or IgG response of the mixture of DNP-KLH primed cells and OA-primed T cells to DNP-OA. The results collectively suggested that the target cells of the IgE-potentiating factor are B cells. Indeed, IgE potentiating factor was absorbed by B cells rather than T cells or thymocytes. Evidence was obtained that IgE-potentiating factor could be absorbed by IgE bearing B cells or IgE-coupled Sepharose, indicating that the factor had affinity for IgE. It appeared that the potentiating factor bound to IgE-bearing B cells and selectively enhanced the differentiation of IgE-B cells to IgE-forming cells. It was also found that the major source of the factor was Fc epsilon R-bearing T cells. PMID- 6966649 TI - Staphylococcal protein A, a T cell-regulated polyclonal activator of human B cells. PMID- 6966650 TI - The response of human lymphocyte subpopulations to measles, mumps, and vaccinia viral antigens. AB - A proliferative assay employing virus-infected, fixed monolayers was used to examine the response of PBL and lymphocyte subpopulations to measles, mumps, and vaccinia viruses. The response obtained in this assay was shown to be virus specific. In individuals previously exposed to mumps or vaccinia viruses, a substantial proliferative response was elicited. In contrast, only a small number of individuals responded to measles virus even though they were seropositive for this virus. In the responders, the proliferation to each of the viruses was essentially limited to the T cell fraction and more specifically to the IgG Fc receptor-bearing T cell, the T gamma cell. The response was not dependent on the presence of antiviral antibody in the assay and was therefore apparently not related to the ADCC activity of the T gamma population. The failure of the T non gamma cell to proliferate was not due to HLA restriction since a response in this cell population could not be elicited on infected autologous skin fibroblasts. The functional significance of the T gamma cell response is not established although a possible immunoregulatory role is considered. PMID- 6966651 TI - The role of monocyte factors in the differentiation of immunoglobulin secreting cells from human peripheral blood B cells. AB - Supernatants from cultures of human mononuclear phagocytes (M phi) were found to support pokeweed mitogen- (PWM) induced generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in cultures of T cell-depleted, human peripheral blood B cells. The M phi factor did not augment PWM-stimulated B cell proliferation. Moreover, M phi factor itself was not a polyclonal B cell activator, in that no ISC were generated unless PWM was present in the B cells cultures. M phi factor release, however, did not require PWM stimulation, but occurred spontaneously under standard conditions used to elicit the PWM response. The active factor found in M phi culture supernatants originated from M phi and not from the few contaminating T cells in the M phi population. M phi factor did not replace the requirement for T cells in this system, however, since factor activity was apparent only when B cell cultures contained a small number of T cells. Finally, M phi factor augmented generation of both IgM and IgG ISC. These data emphasize the important role of M phi in the differentiation of human B cells into ISC and indicate that at least some of the function of M phi in this system is accomplished by secreted factors. PMID- 6966652 TI - In vitro growth of murine T cells. V. The isolation and growth of lymphoid cells infiltrating syngeneic solid tumors. AB - A method has been developed for isolating and growing lymphoid cells infiltrating murine solid tumors. When tumor cell suspensions are placed in T cell growth factor (TCGF) lymphoid cells and not tumor cells proliferate. By 7 to 9 days lymphoid cells free of tumor can be harvested and grown continuously in TCGF. The growth of these cells is dependent on the presence of TCGF but not on the presence of concanavalin-A. Tumor cell suspensions that have been freed of T lymphoid cells by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 serum and complement or by fractionation on Ficoll gradients exhibit no cell out-growth in TCGF. The lymphoid cells growing in TCGF exhibit significant cytotoxicity for syngeneic tumor cells and normal fibroblasts grown in culture but do no lyse normal lymphoid cells. PMID- 6966653 TI - The specific B cell subset lacking in the CBA/N mouse is not required for the production of autoantibody in (CBA/N x NZB)F1 male mice. PMID- 6966654 TI - Genetic mapping of an H-2-associated antigen expressed on regulatory T cells. AB - T lymphocytes that serve regulatory functions in the generation of effector T cells to alloantigen and to altered syngeneic cells express a distinguishing H-2 associated cell surface marker that we have termed Ha. Genetic mapping studies with the B10.A(2R), B10.A(4R), B10.A(5R), and LG/Ckc lines of mice have delineated the locus determining the expression of Ha to the right of H-2K and left of H-2IB or within the I-A region. Thus these regulatory T lymphocytes express Ia antigens. PMID- 6966655 TI - Two populations of Ia-like molecules on a human B cell line. AB - Evidence is presented for two populations of Ia-like molecules on the human B cell line Raji. Two monoclonal antibodies, L203 and L227, are described. Both recognize nonpolymorphic determinants on B cell antigens. Both immunoprecipitate 34,000- and 28,000-dalton material from 125I-labeled extracts of Raji, but L227 precipitates 25,000-dalton material as well. Immunodepletion experiments confirm that the antibodies react with two different populations of molecules. PMID- 6966656 TI - Suppression splenic T lymphocytes in human hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Splenic suppressor cell activity was evaluated in 10 patients with advanced hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni undergoing elective splenectomy. We used cell mixing experiments to assess the effect of mitomycin-C-treated spleen cells on antigen and mitogen-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation of responder cells. The suppressor to responder ratio was 1.0. Spleen cells from 7 of 10 patients caused at least 20% suppression of phytohemagglutinin-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation of one or more populations of responder cells (spleen cells, autologous and allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells)Responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to streptokinase-streptodornase and schistosome soluble egg and worm antigen preparations also were inhibited by co-cultured spleen cells. An inverse correlation was apparent between the spleen cell response to PHA and the suppressor activity of that spleen cell population (r = -0.74, p less than 0.05). Cell purification procedures showed that the active suppressor splenic cell was non-adherent and rosetted neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes. This splenic suppressor T lymphocyte may modulate splenic and peripheral blood lymphocyte responses in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. PMID- 6966657 TI - The biologic activity of mast cell granules. I. Elicitation of inflammatory responses in rat skin. PMID- 6966658 TI - Surface markers on the T cells that regulate cytotoxic T cell responses. II. Distribution of Ly 6.1 and Ly 7.2: selective expression of Ly 7.2 on helper T cell effectors. AB - Helper T cells and suppressor T cells can be generated in vitro, yielding effector cells with radioresistant function that regulate a cytotoxic T cell response to alloantigen. The Ly 6.1 and Ly 7.2 antigen phenotype of these regulatory effector cells has been determined. Ly 7.2 was found to be selectively expressed on helper T cells; neither the suppressor cells nor the cytotoxic cells analyzed here were found to bear Ly 7.2 antigens. Mixing experiments demonstrated that the helper cell bears both Ly 1.1 and Ly 7.2. Removal of help by anti-Ly 7.2 treatment frequently enhanced suppressor activity. Suppressive activity was partially depleted by treatment with anti-Ly 6.1; helper cell activity was unaffected by such treatment. Cytotoxic T cell precursors bear neither Ly 6.1 nor Ly 7.2, but approximately half of the cytotoxic T cell effectors did bear Ly 6.1; none bore Ly 7.2. Analysis of populations depleted of 7.2-bearing cells should therefore allow the design of experiments that will increase our understanding of the interactions of various regulatory cell populations in the control of a cytotoxic T-cell response. PMID- 6966659 TI - An Ia+ subpopulation of activated spleen T cells is generated by concanavalin A stimulation. PMID- 6966661 TI - Modification of the immunogenic properties of chemically induced tumors arising in hosts treated concomitantly with ultraviolet light. PMID- 6966660 TI - Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-induced immunoglobulin production in human cord blood lymphocytes. AB - Human cord blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were stimulated with antibiotic killed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I bacteria (S. aureus) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and cultured for 6 days. Immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion was measured with the indirect protein A plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. All 14 cord blood specimens stimulated with S. aureus produced PFC comparable to that measured in adult peripheral blood cultures. PWM induced only minimal responses in cord MNC whereas good responses were demonstrated in adult cell cultures. The majority of the cord blood immunoglobulin synthesizing cells produced IgM, however, significant production of IgA was also seen. These observations were confirmed by detection of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin in plasma cells with the use of fluorescent anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. PMID- 6966662 TI - Size separation and polyclonal activation to immunoglobulin secretion of early precursors of B lymphocytes. AB - In adult mammals the bone marrow is a major site of B lymphocyte production, which occurs through the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. In vivo studies have permitted the description of intermediate stages of differentiation. Following the recent development of culture conditions and the discovery of many polyclonal activators, it is now possible to carry out in vitro a finer analysis of B lymphocyte precursors differentiation. Because in vivo studies have shown that precursors vary in size, adult murine bone marrow cells were separated according to size. Fractions were cultured with polyclonal mitogens and tested for their capacity to develop into Ig-secreting cells. With this assay system, up to six populations were detected in adult bone marrow that can differentiate along the B cell lineage. The characterization of those populations was made according to size, mitogen(s) responsiveness, and kinetics of maturation. Precursor frequencies estimated by limiting dilution analysis further suggest that in cultures of some fractions of the gradient, new lymphocytes are produced through differentiation of immature precursors, although in cultures of some other fractions B lymphocytes may arise by self-renewal of mature cells. PMID- 6966663 TI - Antigen-antibody complexes generate Lyt 1 inducers of suppressor cells. AB - Pretreatment of H-2b mice with KCl-extracts of an H-2d tumor (L1210) together with L1210 antibody rendered the mice incapable of mounting an effective immune response to viable L1210 tumor cells. This specific immunosuppression was associated with inhibition of macrophage functions, which could be used to quantitate the level of suppression. Lyt 1 cells (but not Lyt 2 cells) from either the spleen or thymus of mice pretreated with antigen-antibody complexes could adoptively transfer the suppressed state to normal mice. The Lyt 1 cells that transferred the suppression were resistant to low (20 mg/kg) doses of cyclophosphamide (Cy) but required a Cy-sensitive precursor and/or amplifier cell to be activated. Once activated, they required a Cy-sensitive Lyt 1 2 3 acceptor cell in the normal recipient to effectively suppress the adoptive host's macrophages. Our results indicative that immune complexes in concert with a Cy sensitive T cell generate Cy-resistant Lyt 1 inducers of suppression. These in turn activate normal thymic or peripheral Lyt 1 2 3 acceptor cells, resulting in the generation of effector suppressor T cells. These suppressor cells are most likely the proximate cause of the inhibition of macrophages we have observed in vivo. PMID- 6966665 TI - Prophylaxis of post partum haemorrhage. PMID- 6966664 TI - Isolation of human T lymphocytes: comparison between nylon wool filtration and rosetting with neuraminidase (VCN) and 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET) treated sheep red blood cells (SRBC). AB - Isolation of human T lymphocytes by rosetting with SRBC, centrifugation on Ficoll Hypaque gradients and lysis of SRBC, which reportedly affects the functional activities of lymphocytes, was compared to isolation of T lymphocytes by filtration through a nylon wool column. The two methods were similar in yields and purity of T lymphocytes. No selective loss of T cell subpopulations was found in T lymphocytes isolated by filtration through a nylon wool column as judged by the percentage of T gamma and T micron and the suppressor and helper activity in functional assays. Therefore, filtration through a nylon wool column is a useful method to purify T lymphocytes and has the advantage of being comparatively simple and quick to perform and of avoiding manipulations which may affect the functional activity of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6966666 TI - Lupus band test in untreated SLE patients: correlation of immunoglobulin deposition in the skin of the extensor forearm with clinical renal disease and serological abnormalities. AB - This study demonstrated that 88% of untreated systemic lupus erythematosus patients with clinical renal disease displayed the deposition of immunoglobulin and complement at the dermal epidermal junction of the noninvolved light exposed extensor surface of the upper 1/3 of the forearm (P less than 0.005) (positive lupus band test). Eighty-five percent of these untreated systemic lupus erythematosus patients with anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibodies (native and/or single stranded) (P less than 0.001) and 96% of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with hypocomplementemia had a positive lupus band test (P less than 0.001). Those systemic lupus erythematosus patients with a negative lupus band test or a positive lupus band test composed of pure IgM had a decreased incidence of renal disease, serum hypocomplementemia and anti-DNA antibodies. Their sera, however, frequently contained antibodies directed against nuclear ribonuclear protein or against the cytoplasmic non-nucleic acid glycoprotein termed Ro. On the contrary, 85% of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with a positive lupus band test composed solely or in part of IgG, had anti-DNA antibodies (P less than 0.001). Their sera also frequently contained anti-Sm antibodies. The lupus band test was found to be dynamic. In general, the appearance as well as the disappearance or the marked decrease in intensity and complexity of a positive lupus band test was found to correlate with disease exacerbation, remission and the appearance and disappearance of DNA antibodies and serum hypocomplementemia. PMID- 6966667 TI - [Experimental studies on hemodynamic characteristics of internal mammary artery graft in coronary bypass operations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966668 TI - [A case of acute ascending aortic dissection from aortic clamp injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966669 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a common medical emergency. PMID- 6966670 TI - Estrogens and hematopoiesis: characterization and studies on the mechanism of neutropenia. AB - The effect of ES upon hematopoiesis was studied following 4 to 24 weeks of administration in adult female mice. ES produced osteosclerosis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly with an increase in splenic erythropoiesis mild anemai, and a relatively stable, moderately severe neutropenia. Intact and splenectomized mice failed to develop hepatic hematopoiesis to compensate for these blood changes. The neutropenia was characterized by a proportionally normal-sized marginal granulocyte pool and a reduced marrow granulocyte reserve in the marrow, cellularity, peroxidase-positive cells. CFU-S, and CFU-GM declined during 4 to 12 weeks of study in the same study period, splenic granulocytopoiesis increased as measured by these perameters, but it only partially compensated for the neutropenia. CSA was present in serum, and no inhibitors of in vitro granulocytopoiesis were detected. The direct addition of E3S to normal murine marrow cells in vitro failed to inhibit CFU=GM proliferation. Daily ES administration failed to inhibit in vivo granulocytopoiesis in diffusion chambers. These studies suggest that ES-induced neutropenia is not due to direct inhibition of CFU-S or CFU-GM proliferation or differentiation to mature granulocytes and by implication, suggest that it may be mediated through effects on the hematopoietic microenvironment. PMID- 6966671 TI - Enhancement of murine erythroid colony formation in the presence of activated T lymphocytes. AB - Erythroid colony formation was enhanced by treatment of mouse bone marrow cells with PHA prior to culture in diffusion chambers implanted into intact mice. Addition of PHA-pretreated thymocytes, lymph node lymphocytes, and spleen cells to untreated bone marrow cells also resulted in increased numbers of erythroid colonies in diffusion chambers but had no effect on myeloid colonies. PHA did not augment erythroid colony formation when bone marrow was depleted of Thy 1-bearing cells, although cells capable of erythroid differentiation were still present as judged by the response to erythropoietin. Furthermore, mixing of bone marrow depleted of Thy 1 + cells with PHA-treated thymocytes restored augmented erythroid colony formation. Lack of responsiveness of bone marrow cells to concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen may indicate that a specific T cell subpopulation reacting with PHA is able to stimulate erythropoiesis. Note that addition of untreated thymocytes, lymph node lymphocytes, and spleen cells into cultures had no effect. PMID- 6966672 TI - Bile acids and bile alcohols of bullfrog. AB - Gallbladder bile of the bullfrog, Rana cetesbeiana was found to contain a number of minor bile acids and bile alcohols in unconjugated forms. The following bile acids and bile alcohols were identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry: cholic acid, allocholic acid, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha trihydroxy-5 alpha-cholestan-26-oic acid, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-24 methyl-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5 alpha-cholestan-26-oic acid, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5 beta cholestan-26-oic acid, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,26-tetrahydroxy-5 alpha-cholestan 27-oic acid, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,26-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-27-oic acid, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-27-nor-5 alpha-cholestan-24-one, and 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-27-nor-5 beta-cholestan-24-one. These minor constituents of the bile may represent intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of bile acids and bile alcohols in the bullfrog. PMID- 6966674 TI - The responses of normal an athymic mice to infections by togaviruses: strain differentiation in active and adoptive immunization. AB - Strains of yellow fever virus (YFV), Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV) have been used to compare the stimulations of regulatory immunity (pre-challenge), antibody synthesis and protective immunity (post-challenge) in athymic-nude and normal mice. Similarly, direct assessments have been extended to athymic recipients of normal spleen cells and to adoptively immunized mice. The results indicate that the responses of mice to different togaviruses or strains of togaviruses may be differentially T lymphocyte dependent at any one or more of the above three stages of host response. T-cell reconstitution or adoptive immunization may be effective only for the virus strains of highest immunogenicity. These results suggest a resolution of T-lymphocytes dependence at three levels of host response to virus infections. This approach may be of value in the similarly direct in vivo differentiation of other virus strains and as a practical framework for the consideration of the in vivo significance of the variety of in vitro lymphocytes markers. PMID- 6966673 TI - Voltage dependence of desensitization. Influence of calcium and activation kinetics. AB - The voltage dependence of carbachol-induced desensitization has been analyzed in potassium-depolarized frog sartorius muscle preparations with voltage clamp techniques over a wide voltage range (-120 to +40 mV). Desensitization developed exponentially at all voltages with tau, the time constant of desensitization onset, varying as a logarithmic function of membrane voltage. The voltage dependence of tau remained in calcium-deficient solutions and was not altered by elevating either the level of extracellular or intracellular calcium. We have analyzed our results according to a simple sequential kinetic scheme in which the rate-limiting step in the development of desensitization is a transition of the receptor channel complex from the activated conducting state to a desensitized, nonconducting state. We conclude (a) that the observed voltage sensitivity of desensitization primarily resides in the voltage dependence of this transition, and (b) the kinetics of activation appear to have a greater influence on the observed rate of desensitization than on its voltage dependence. The magnitude of the voltage dependence suggests that a greater change in free energy is required for the transition to the desensitized state than for the transition between the open and closed states of the receptor channel complex. PMID- 6966675 TI - Lectin receptors in central nervous system myelin. PMID- 6966676 TI - Immunological indices in presenile Alzheimer's disease. AB - Immunological indices, both T- and B-dependent, were studied in 11 patients affected by presenile Alzheimer's disease. The data obtained were compared with those from a group of normal adults of similar age and from a group of normal young subjects. Furthermore, antisera were produced in rabbits against Alzheimer's serum and compared to antisera against normal human serum. The following results were obtained: decrease of serum IgM levels; no monoclonal aspects or auto-antibodies were detected in our patients. The kappa/lambda ratio was also normal. The T cell system was functionally normaly, but with a slight decrease of the T cell number and with an increase of the Null lymphocytes. No specific serum proteins were found in the anti-Alzheimer antisera. The data are discussed in correlation to the possible genesis of senile plaques. PMID- 6966677 TI - Incidence of phlogistic complications in infantile posterior fossa surgery according to the different preoperative diagnostic procedures. AB - Sixty seven infantile patients developing postoperative phlogistic complications as a consequence of posterior fossa surgery (i.e.: neoplasms, arachnoid cysts, A V malformations) are herein studied. They have been subdivided in 2 groups in accordance to the different preoperative diagnostic procedures they underwent. In the first series 41 cases of posterior fossa anomalies have been diagnosed by means of air contrast ventriculography with or without cerebral angiography; in the other one the 26 patients were submitted to C.A.T. with or without angiography. In the first group the incidence rate of phlogistic complications was 31.7%, in the second one 3.8%. According to the authors this considerable difference is due to the diagnostic procedures employed. Contraindications to air contrast ventriculography and advantages of CT scan are widely discussed and emphasized. PMID- 6966678 TI - External assessment of myocardial metabolism with C-11 palmitate in vivo. AB - The externally detected rate of clearance of C-11 palmitate ([11C]palmitic acid) from isolated hearts varies directly with CO2 production from neutral lipids and with physiological indexes of myocardial oxygen consumption. The present study was performed to determine whether myocardial metabolism could be quantified noninvasively in vivo in a fashion analogous to that in the isolated heart. Opened chest, male rabbits were injected with C-11 palmitate (100-200 muCi) and coincidence counts were detected externally with two NaI(TI) crystals so placed that their colinear field of view encompassed the heart. The monoexponential rate of clearance of tracer--obtained from the portion of the residue-detection curve reflecting metabolism of fatty acid incorporated into neutral lipids--correlated directly with induced changes in tension-time index after injections into the left atrium (r = 0.96, n = 12), right atrium (r = 0.86, n = 14), and ear vein (r = 0.93, n = 14). Clearance of labeled palmitate from the vascular pool within the field of detection (determined with both C-14 palmitate and red blood cells labeled with C15O-hemoglobin) was rapid and did not significantly affect measurements of palmitate clearance from the heart itself. PMID- 6966679 TI - Coded-aperture imaging of the heart. AB - Coded-aperture imaging of the heart combines the advantages of tomography with good sensitivity, high resolution, and accurate size scaling. Since the images are multiplexed, the method may be adapted to small, portable cameras for bed side use without sacrificing image resolution. A new coded aperture designed especially for cardiac imaging has been constructed and tested. This aperture incorporates significant improvements over previous designs. Longitudinal tomograms are calculated at 1-cm intervals using a modified ART algorithm. Experimental lateral resulution at 140 keV with a portable scintillation camera is 3.8 mm FWHM at 4 cm, and 7.8 mm FWHM at 12 cm. Dpth resolution determined from a sloping line source is 1.1 cm FWHM at 4 cm, and 2.9 cm at 12 cm. The calculated point-source sensitivities in air at 4 cm and 12 cm, respectively, are 20 and 8 cps/microCi. Images of good diagnostic quality have been obtained in phantoms and in a dog model of acute myocardial infarction, using thallium-201, technetium-99m pyrophosphate, and gated ventricular blood-pool imaging with Tc-labeled red blood cells. Preliminary studies in humans confirm the good results in animals. PMID- 6966680 TI - A comparison of brain imaging with gamma camera, single-photon emission computed tomography, and transmission computed tomography: concise communication. AB - We have evaluated the utility of a single-photon axial tomographic scanner (ECT) in brain imaging, using routine tracers in 238 patients. When compared with routine delayed gamma-camera images (DGCI), there was agreement in 191 negative studies and 39 positive studies. Four patients had positive DGCI and negative ECT studies, and four had positive ECT and negative DGCI. In the 102 patients in this series who also had transmission CT (TCT) studies, there were five who had positive emission studies and negative TCT, and 38 with an abnormal TCT and normal ECT. The ECT was occasionally helpful in distinguishing brain and skull metastases, in better portrayal of deep lesions, and in resolving equivocal DGCI findings. For the ECT to become clinically rewarding, however, we feel that it will need development of new tracers that will provide functional information in addition to that already attainable by routine gamma-camera images. PMID- 6966682 TI - Physical attributes of single-photon tomography. AB - Physical properties important for assessment of the potentials of emission computed tomography implemented by collimated detector systems include sensitivity, statistical and angular sampling requirements, attenuation compensation, resolution uniformity, and multisection design constraints. The limited angular range and sampling interval of coded aperture methods for longitudinal tomography impose severe limitations on quantitative imaging capabilities. These methods are discussed. Disadvantages of limited angular range are avoided by transverse section devices that have lower sensitivity than comparable positron devices. It is shown here, however, that the sensitivity for a single section device for head transverse section 2 cm thick can be congruent to 200 events sec-1 microCi-1 per axial cm for 2 x 2 cm resolution. This is 40% of that for a well-designed positron system of similar resolution. The problem of attenuation compensation for constant attenuation, as in brain imaging, is well understood and a fast algorithm of the convolution type gives excellent results if angular sampling is over 360 degrees. Though there is a need to move the single-photon detector array over wide angular distances for adequate sampling, dynamic ECT is possible for the measurement of biological washout kinetics of clinical importance, such as clearance studies in brain. Based on physical principles, experiences with low sensitivity devices, and the prospects for devices with sensitivity comparable to positron tomographs, single photon tomography has sound potentials for research and clinical studies of the adult brain and whole body in small subjects. Practical whole-body tomography in adults is limited to nonquantitative lesion detection. PMID- 6966681 TI - Manganese-52m, a new short-lived, generator-produced radionuclide: a potential tracer for positron tomography. AB - A new generator system has been developed using the Fe-52 leads to Mn-52m parent daughter pair. Fe-52, half-life 8.3 hr, is isolated on an anion-exchange column, and Mn-52m is eluted in hydrochloric acid. Breakthrough is less than 0.01% and the yield is 75%. The 21.1-min half life of Mn-52m is ideal for use in sequential studies, but is long enough to permit radiochemical manipulations to control biodistribution. Animal studies indicate that Mn-52m is an ideal nuclide for myocardial imaging, combining rapid blood clearance and high concentration in the myocardium. An added advantage is that Mn-52m decays 98% by positron emission and is useful for positron computer tomography. PMID- 6966683 TI - Effects of hypotensive anesthesia in anterior maxillary osteotomy. AB - Deliberate hypotension, as a means of reducing loss of blood, providing a more ideal operative field, and shortening operating time, has been used in other surgical disciplines, such as neurosurgery, vascular surgery, and orthopedic surgery. This controlled study compared the effects of hypotensive and normotensive anesthesia on loss of blood, quality of surgical field, and length of surgery in one type of orthognathic surgical procedure--the anterior maxillary osteotomy. PMID- 6966684 TI - Effect of upper respiratory tract infection on eustachian tube ventilatory function in the preschool child. AB - A prospective tympanometric and microbiologic study of 28 pre-schoolchildren was undertaken to better define the effect of acute URI on induction of eustachian tube dysfunction. Significant negative middle ear pressure was present in 12.7% of tympanograms from well children. However, abnormal tympanograms were detected during 74.7% of acute URIs. The abnormality was present on day 1 or 2 of illness in the majority of cases; 10.1% of illnesses were complicated by OME. Respiratory viruses or Sp were etiologically implicated in 40.5% of illnesses; isolation rates of Pn and HF from well and ill children were similar. Although colonization of the nasopharynx of well children with Pn or HF was associated with a higher incidence of abnormal middle ear pressure, colonization with Pn or HF during URI did not influence the frequency of tympanogram abnormality. PMID- 6966685 TI - Psychological effects of illness in adolescence. I. Anxiety, self-esteem, and perception of control. AB - Three hundred and forty-nine healthy adolescents were compared with 168 adolescents with various chronic or serious diseases on standardized measures of trait anxiety, self-esteem, and health locus of control (perception of self control over health and illness). No differences in anxiety or self-esteem were found between healthy and ill groups or between various ill groups. Patients with oncologic, renal, cardiac, and rheumatologic disorders perceived significantly less control over their health than did healthy adolescents and patients with cystic fibrosis or diabetes mellitus. Stability of prognosis was related to low anxiety, as was length of time since diagnosis. Other physician-rated variables including course of disease, visible signs of illness, severity, and number of hospitalizations did not relate to psychologic variables. The data are interpreted as casting doubt upon the supposition that chronic or serious disease inevitably leads to psychopathology in adolescents. The overall pattern presented was one of psychologic normalcy, and attitudes regarding control over health are seen as reflecting realistic perceptions on the part of patients. The importance of looking at the effects of serious disease upon day-to-day functioning, as opposed to emphasizing inferred psychologic deviance, is stressed. PMID- 6966686 TI - Psychologic effects of illness in adolescence. II. Impact of illness in adolescents--crucial issues and coping styles. AB - Adolescent perceptions of the impact of illness were measured through the administration of an original questionnaire to 345 healthy adolescents and 168 adolescents with diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, cancer, and cardiac, renal, or rheumatologic diseases. Total impact of illness (e.g., leukemia or colds) did not differ between ill and healthy respondents, and the nature of adolescent concerns were similar for both groups. Restriction of freedom was seen as the major disruption brought about by illness, with other areas of impact including relations with peers, siblings, and parents. Adolescents with cancer were most likely to view treatment as highly disruptive and, along with rheumatologic patients, expressed greatest disruption of body image secondary to disease and treatment. Perceived school disruption was most common in cardiac and oncologic patients, with the former also expressing a high degree of concern about sexuality. Females in all groups reported more impact of illness on physical appearance than did males; this difference was greatest in adolescents with cancer, rheumatologic diseases, and cystic fibrosis. The essentially healthy psychologic status of chronically ill adolescents is noted, as is the generally hopeful and positive quality of patient responses. PMID- 6966687 TI - Induction of action potentials in cultured slow muscle fibres of the frog. AB - 1. Slow muscle fibres of the frog were maintained in a simple organ culture system for up to 28 days at 18 degrees C. Slow fibres cultured for one week resembled innervated fibres in their lack of ability to generate an action potential. 2. By 10 days a few fibres had acquired the action potential mechanism and in muscles cultured for 28 days all slow fibres examined were capable of generating action potentials most of which reached or exceeded 0 mV membrane potential. 3. Slow muscle fibres which were denervated for two weeks in vivo retained their ability to generate overshooting action potentials after 4 weeks of culture. Thus, in the culture system described, slow muscle fibres are capable of developing action potentials and the action potential mechanism in these fibres remains for at least one month in culture. PMID- 6966689 TI - Interaction between nerve-related acetylcholine and bath applied agonists at the frog end-plate. AB - 1. The interaction between acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol (CCh) has been studied at the frog end-plate. The conditioning agonist, CCh, can cause desensitization (reduction of the ACh test response) and potentiation (increase of the test response). 2. Nerve-evoked end-plate currents (e.p.c.s), minature e.p.c.s and "slow" responses to ACh ionophoresis can all be potentiated by bath or ionophoretically applied CCh. 3. Since potentiation was found to be particularly visible at low temperatures, most experiments were performed at 5-8 degrees C. Potentiation results in an increase of both e.p.c. amplitude and e.p.c. decay time. Potentiated e.p.c.s teminate with a slow tail, the amplitude of which shows a high voltage sensitivity. Potentiation increases with CCh concentration (range studied 0-100 microM). It appears to persist throughout the application of CCh, even when desensitization is apparently the dominant phenomenon. 4. It is suggested that cross-potentiation of ACh by CCh results from the formation of intermediate non-conducting CCh-receptor complexes which have a high probability of being subsequently activated by ACh, yielding a conducting ACh-CCh-receptor complex. 5. Desensitization induced by fast bath application of CCh (or ACh) develops in two phases and can be fitted by the sum of two exponentials. Their time constants are in the second and the minute range, respectively. 6. The possibility that the slow phase is linked to the presence of agonist inside the cell is rejected. PMID- 6966688 TI - Mechanical relaxation rate and metabolism studied in fatiguing muscle by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - 1. We have used phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) to study muscular fatigue in anaerobic amphibian muscle. In this paper the biochemical and energetic changes that result from a series of tetani are related to the decrease in rate constant (1/tau) for the final, exponential, phase of relaxation. 2. Using 31P NMR we have measured the concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and ATP as well as the internal pH. From our measurements we have calculated [creatine], [free ADP], the free-energy change (more precisely, the affinity A = -dG/d xi) for ATP hydrolysis and the rates of lactic acid production and of ATP hydrolysis. 3. We have found that 1/tau, the rate constant of relaxation, is correlated with each of the following, independently of the pattern of stimulation: isometric force production, all of the measured or calculated metabolite levels, pH and dG/d xi. 4. There is a clear dependence upon the pattern of stimulation of the relation between 1/tau and each of the following: total duration of the experiment, number of contractions, rate of lactic acid production and rate of ATP hydrolysis. 5. The rate of relaxation is linearly related to [PCr], [creatine], [Pi] and dG/d xi. It is nonlinearly related to isometric force, [ATP], [H+] and rate of ATP hydrolysis. 6. We conclude that the change in 1/tau, like that of isometric force, depends upon metabolic factors, and not upon any independent changes in the activation or deactivation of contraction. We suggest that 1/tau may depend upon the free energy change for ATP hydrolysis which in turn may be related to the rate of Ca2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6966692 TI - Serum factors modulating in vitro migration of thymus lymphocytes. AB - Migration of guinea pig thymocytes in sealed glass capillaries was measured in 3 intervals during 24 h of incubation. Two factors present in guinea pig sera which stimulated migration were partly characterized. One factor, with a molecular weight between 10,000 and 100,000 (as judged by ultrafiltration), stimulated migration during the first 2 h of incubation but not later. Only about one third of the sera had this activity. The other factor, which was present in most sera, had a molecular weight exceeding 100,000 and stimulated migration only at later times. Both factors were heat stable and resisted freezing and thawing as well as lyophilization, but were inactivated by storage of sera. Normal human sera stimulated migration from 2 h after start of incubation but, in contrast to guinea pig sera, had a slightly inhibitory effect during the first 2 h. Thymectomy had no effect on guinea pig or human sera as regards ability to modulate migration. Patients with defects in cell mediated immunity did not exhibit any specific alterations in serum activity. However, active disease as well as operations performed on guinea pigs reduced the late stimulatory activity. Additional experiments indicated that migration of thymus cells in glass capillaries depends partly on factors other than cell motility. PMID- 6966691 TI - The evaluation of occlusal dysfunctional therapy. AB - PODRs incorporate medical recording procedures for dentistry. Because of their size, these records do not lend themselves to private practice use. Occlusal screening procedures can be used to illuminate the need for occlusal examination. These procedures have a high degree of predictability and provide the essential elements of the PODR without the disadvantage of requiring a complete occlusal examination for each patient. Occlusal and TMJ examination are in general use. It is important to provide space for a differential diagnosis as a means of ensuring that all modes of therapy are considered. Dysfunction of the stomatognathic system occurs when the sum total of host resistance, dental, and other factors exceed a threshold. A concept based on an alterable threshold in relation to these factors has been presented. When therapy is required for breakdown of the stomatognathic system, multiple treatment choices exist. The multitherapeutic approach can provide for a synergistic effect to accelerate and enhance treatment. Use of a POSA is an integral part of an office PODR. A scoring system with a differentiation of six is recommended to ensure an adequate and accurate stomatognathic evaluation. PMID- 6966690 TI - The cat's vestibulo-ocular reflex. AB - 1. The conscious cat's vestibulo-ocular reflex (v.o.r.) has been studied using the electro-oculogram to measure eye movements. A servomotor was used to rotate the head horizontally while the body remained stationary. 2. The frequency content of natural head movements in the cat has been determined by Fourier analysis. The fastest and most kinked head movement profiles contain frequency components of significant power extending up to 7-10 Hz. 3. The transfer function of the v.o.r. slow-phase response was measured in the frequency range 0.2-7 Hz. At 1 Hz the average gain is 0.94 with a phase lead of 3 deg. At 7 Hz the gain has only fallen to 0.81 and the phase lag is 10 deg. This indicates that the v.o.r. can compensate to a considerable degree for the high-frequency components of natural head movements. 4. Rotation of the body around a stationary head in the absence of vision does not produce a measurable neck-ocular reflex. 5. The presence or absence of fast phases has no effect on the phase lead of the v.o.r. slow-phase response at 0.2 Hz. 6. V.o.r. fast phases never occur more frequently than 4/sec. 7. Fast phases do not function merely to recentre the eyes once a slow phase has driven them to extreme orbital eccentricities. Instead, fast phases occur early on and serve to offset gaze in the same direction as the head movement. PMID- 6966693 TI - Ovarian influence on mitogen responsiveness of lymphocytes from mice neonatally exposed to diethylstilbestrol. AB - Treatment of neonatal female mice with diethylstilbestrol (DES) resulted in a reduced response of spleen lymphocytes to concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ovariectomy or ovariectomy plus estradiol treatment had no influence on the response to Con A in either control or DES-treated females. Ovariectomy reduced the response to LPS in control animals and eliminated the difference between control and DES-treated females. Estradiol treatment enhanced the response of ovariectomized control females to LPS and restored the difference between control and DES-treated animals. Comparison of the mitogen responsiveness during various stages of the estrous cycle showed a tendency for the response to be augmented at proestrus and metestrus, although the differences were not significant. PMID- 6966694 TI - Some mechanisms underlying actions of ketamine on electromechanical coupling in skeletal muscle. AB - The effects on excitation contraction coupling (ECC) of ketamine (a dissociative general anesthetic) were investigated using the sartorius muscle of the frog. Extracellular studies revealed that ketamine depressed action potential production in a concentration-dependent manner. Ketamine decreased both the conduction velocity and the compound action potential while concomitantly increasing the threshold current. Intracellular studies showed that ketamine caused a slight non-significant decrease in the membrane potential and also decreased the threshold potential (mechanical threshold). Ketamine (1.5 X 10(-4) M and 3.0 X 10(-4) M) initially potentiated and then blocked the twitch response elicited by direct muscle stimulation. Both of these effects were statistically different from control values. These findings suggest that ketamine alters action potential production in frog skeletal muscle. This property of ketamine contributes in part to the disruption of ECC observed with this drug. The results suggest the ketamine probably interferes with calcium binding, its release and/or its fluxes which may contribute to the intial potentiation and subsequent depression of twitch tension. PMID- 6966695 TI - The increasing frequency of beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae B. PMID- 6966696 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966697 TI - [Minocycline hydrochloride treatment for Mycobacterium marinum infection of the skin. (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966698 TI - [T-cell lymphoma arising in area of lupus vulgaris. (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966699 TI - [A case of multiple malignant schwannoma showing remission with chemoimmunotherapy. (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966701 TI - Mouse spleen cell populations involved in the mitogenic response to protein A. AB - In this paper, we examined the cellular components involved in the mitogenic response of mouse spleen cells to protein A. The mitogenic response was almost abrogated by the removal of macrophages. The abrogated response could be restored by the addition of peritoneal exudate macrophages from syngeneic mice. The reconstitution experiments were carried out for studying the populations of lymphocytes responding to protein A. In these experiments, spleen cells were passed through a Sephadex G-10 column and then they were separated into nylon wool-adherent and nonadherent cells. The nylon-wool-nonadherent cells were used as T cells. The nylon-wool-adherent cells were used as B cells after they were treated with anti-BAT and complement. These results indicated that both B and T cells responded to protein A, and T-B cell cooperation could possibly play some role in the response. PMID- 6966700 TI - [Sebaceous lipids in tinea versicolor (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966702 TI - [Drip infusion method of octapressin in the control of bleeding from esophageal varices (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966703 TI - [Treatment of massive upper G-I bleeding from acute gastroduodenal lesions. Effect of intensive antacid and cimetidine therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966704 TI - [Single photon radionuclide computed tomography with tomogscanner II: (2) Phantom study on the sensitivity, linearity, uniformity, resolution and slice thickness (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966705 TI - [Single photon radionuclide computed tomography with tomogscanner II: (1) Clinical results (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966706 TI - Caffeine contracture in frog cardiac muscle after exposure to high concentrations of calcium. AB - Caffeine induced contracture in frog auricular muscle at room temperature when the muscle was exposed to a Ca-rich solution. The initial transient tension lasted 10-30 sec, and it was inhibited by procaine. It was dependent on caffeine concentration and the time of exposure to a Ca-rich solution prior to caffeine attack, but was little dependent on Ca concentration during caffeine contracture. PMID- 6966707 TI - Study on tubular transient current and mechanical activation in skeletal muscle of frog. AB - The relation between membrane current and mechanical activity during excitation of frog muscle fibers was studied using two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique. The current flow upon excitation of membrane consisted of transient initial inward and subsequent outwards currents which were carried by Na+ influx and K+ efflux respectively. Blocking of the outward K+ current by 3,4 diaminopyridine resulted in appearance of a late inward current associated with marked potentiation of twitch tension. Detubulation of the fiber by treatment with hypertonic glycerol suppressed the outward K+ current as well as the late inward current and abolished the contractile force. Dantrolene also gave similar effects on membrane currents and reduced twitch tension markedly. These results suggest that the late inward current through the T-system and not the outward K+ current may be the first step to lead the muscle cell to mechanical activation. PMID- 6966708 TI - [New usage of saphenous vein in aorto-coronary bypass surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966709 TI - Clinical conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Angiodysplasia of the gut. PMID- 6966710 TI - [Nursing record - what it should contain]. PMID- 6966711 TI - [Retroperitoneal hematomas in abdominal organ injuries]. PMID- 6966712 TI - [New trends in the diagnosis and treatment of acute gastric hemorrhages]. PMID- 6966714 TI - [Histiocytosis X in adults]. PMID- 6966713 TI - [The use of tritan plate and pseudoisochromatic tables for detection of colour vision disturbances (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966715 TI - [Circulating T-lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6966716 TI - [Level of chromosomal disorders in human diseases concomitant with the development of autoimmune processes]. PMID- 6966717 TI - [Color-discriminating function of the human eyes under muscle tension during vestibular exposures]. PMID- 6966718 TI - Multiple forms of nuclear binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes in rat thymocytes. PMID- 6966719 TI - Glucocorticoid sensitive and resistant cell populations in the mouse thymus. PMID- 6966720 TI - Membrane versus bubble oxygenator for cardiac operations. A prospective randomized study. AB - The advantages of membrane oxygenators over bubble oxygenators for cardiopulmonary bypass during clinical cardiac operations are controversial. A prospective randomized double-blind experimental design was utilized in 64 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac operations with either the Travenol microporous polyprolyene membrane oxygenator or the Bentley Q-100 bubble oxygenator. Sixteen patients in each group underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and 16 underwent valvular or other types of operation. The two oxygenator groups were comparable in terms of patient characteristics and perioperative management. Both oxygenators functioned acceptably for an average duration of 115 minutes. Higher relative platelet counts (percent of control) were observed immediately after bypass in CABG patients in whom the membrane oxygenator was used. Otherwise, no significant differences were noted in objectively assessed results between the two oxygenators in regards to bleeding, pulmonary, renal, cardiac, and neurologic function, duration of ICU stay, and postoperative hospital stay. Thus no significant advantages in terms of clinical results could be detected with this type of membrane oxygenator versus another type of bubble oxygenator for elective cardiac operations in adults. PMID- 6966721 TI - The rationale for operative therapy of symptomatic single-vessel coronary artery disease. AB - During an 8 year interval, 184 patients with symptomatic single-vessel disease underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). There were no operative deaths and only one late cardiac death (5 year cumulative survival 97.9%). At 48 months mean follow-up, 91% are angina free or improved. The low incidence of perioperative and late myocardial infarction (MI) and the preservation of ventricular function seen on follow-up catheterization suggest that coronary bypass operations yield significant benefits in severely symptomatic patients with single-vessel disease. Evidence is presented which supports the idea that single-vessel coronary artery disease may be a unique manifestation of coronary atherosclerosis and not one stage in a continuum. PMID- 6966722 TI - Gore-Tex (polytetrafluoroethylene) in canine coronary artery bypass. AB - Because of the occasional need for a prosthesis in coronary artery operations, we investigated the potential use of microporous polytetrofluoroethylene (PTFE) with and without antiplatelet drugs as an aorta-coronary bypass graft in 43 dogs. In 13 animals without antiplatelet drugs, no grafts were patent at 1 month. When antiplatelet drugs were used (25 dogs), the 1 month patency rate increased to 64%. The addition of antibiotic treatment 1 month patency rate to 80%. The 6 month patency rate in dogs treated with antiplatelet drugs, preoperative bowel preparation, and systemic antibiotics was 60%. Our data indicate that microporous PTFE grafts used as coronary artery bypass grafts in dogs can be maintained patent for at least 6 months when the animals are treated with antiplatelet drugs. PMID- 6966724 TI - A case of depressive neurosis following aortocoronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6966723 TI - Splenic arteriovenous fistula. AB - A patient with an uncalcified splenic artery aneurysm with an arteriovenous fistula and aneurysmal dilatation of the splenic vein who underwent splenectomy and resection of the fistula is described. Splenic arteriovenous fistulas are rare and are usually associated with aneurysms of the splenic artery. Patients with these fistulas frequently have signs and symptoms of portal hypertension and may often present with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The patient described in this report was asymptomatic, and the only manifestation of the fistula was a loud, continuous bruit in the left flank noted on routine physical examination. Although an upper abdominal incision can be used to manage most splenic artery aneurysms, a left thoracoabdominal incision is advocated in the presence of an arteriovenous fistula, particularly in anticipation of portal hypertension or aneurysm of the splenic vein. PMID- 6966725 TI - Electronic aspects of spinal-cord stimulation in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6966726 TI - [Left ventricular function and state of the coronary tree in patients with significant coronary lesions (author's transl)]. AB - The prognosis of patients with ischemic cardiopathy is mainly based upon the number of affected vesssels, the state of the distal coronary tree, and the left ventricular function. Coronary arteriographies and ventriculographies corresponding to 274 consecutive patients (January, 1975-October, 1978) with significant coronary lesions are reviewed. A singles vessel obstruction was registered in 36.5 percent of the patients; obstruction of two vessels was present in 28.5 percent, and of three vessels in 29.9 percent. The common left trunk was obstructed in 5.1 percent of the cases. The anterior descending coronary artery was affected in 78 percent of the patients, and the left coronary artery, circumflex, first marginal branch, and first diagonal branch showed narrowing in 62, 34, 36, and 26 percent, respectively. The distal tree of the above mentioned arteries was appropriate for coronary bypass operations in 51, 49, 50, 38, and 10 percent of the arteries, respectively. On the basis of coronary angiographic and ventriculographic criteria 117 patients (43 percent) were not candidates to coronary bypass surgery. The ejection fraction was less than 0.40 in 22 percent of the cases, and below to 0.30 in 12 percent (34 patients). The outstanding finding in the present series was the impairment of the distal coronary tree due to advanced atherosclerosis. PMID- 6966728 TI - [Transoesophageal sclerosing of bleeding oesophageal varices]. PMID- 6966727 TI - Thallium-201 exercise scintigraphy after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of coronary artery stenoses. PMID- 6966729 TI - [Angiodysplasia--a common cause of rectal bleeding]. PMID- 6966730 TI - Comparative evaluation of gastrointestinal blood loss in the feces of rats following Pepto-Bismol liquid and aspirin administration. PMID- 6966731 TI - Effect of ethanol upon isoproterentol stimulation of growth and secretion in the mouse parotid gland. PMID- 6966732 TI - [Effect of respiratory excusions on the lung image during radioisotopic scintigraphy]. PMID- 6966733 TI - Sarcoidosis. Part 2. More on the differential diagnosis. The usual course. Treatments of choice. Prognosis. PMID- 6966734 TI - On the potential use of stimulated positron emission (SPE) in the detection and monitoring of some bone diseases. PMID- 6966735 TI - Electrical stimulation providing functional use of paraplegic patient muscles. AB - The paper presents a short description of the field of electrical stimulation of skeletal muscles and a survey of the recent achievements in the functional electrical stimulation (FES) of paraplegic patients. The major emphasis is placed on the discussion of the basic problems concerning muscle fatigue, muscle retraining and patient selection. Muscle strengthening and exercising procedures using electrical stimulation are described. The obtained properties of retrained muscles with special regard to their fatiguing are clearly documented. The potential possibilities of using FES for performing functional tasks are discussed and the results of preliminary experiments are illustrated. The standing and primitive walking of patient, induced by electrically stimulated paralyzed muscles are presented. Finally, a proposal for an orthotic device using electrical stimulation is described, which enables a paraplegic patient to stand by means of support of his proper bones and muscle forces. PMID- 6966737 TI - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and secretory IgA. PMID- 6966736 TI - [Variable common immunodeficiency. A case of hypogammaglobulinemia of late onset, with functional deficit of the T-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6966739 TI - An assessment of physician knowledge of Tay Sachs disease. PMID- 6966738 TI - [Analysis of the linear dichroism of reaction centers oriented in polyacrylamide gel]. AB - A model for orientation of rigid disc-shaped and rod-shaped macromolecules in polymer is analysed. Analytical expressions are given for the dependence of linear dichroism value on the angle between the transition dipole vector and the axis of the macromolecules, for certain deformation of the sample. The reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26 are oriented as rod-shaped particles. The angles between the long axis of the reaction center and transition dipoles for bacteriochlorophyll 31.8 +/- 2,4 degrees (870 nm), 42,3 +/- 0.9 degrees (796 nm), 68.0 +/- 0.6 degrees (600 nm) and for bacteriopheophytin 76.5 +/- 1.9 degrees (760 nm), 39.8 +/- 1.5 degrees (540 nm) are determined from absorption spectra. PMID- 6966740 TI - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with hypercalcemia. PMID- 6966741 TI - The tarsal tunnel. PMID- 6966742 TI - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with a malignant thymoma. PMID- 6966744 TI - Dermatologic pseudobenignities. PMID- 6966743 TI - Cecal infarction: ergot abuse as a possible etiologic factor. PMID- 6966745 TI - Familial cutaneous leiomyomata: a case report with electron microscopic study. PMID- 6966746 TI - Choledochal cyst: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6966747 TI - Clear cell acanthoma: a metabolic variant of seborrheic keratosis. PMID- 6966751 TI - Total intestinal aganglionosis. PMID- 6966748 TI - Acute ulceration of third portion of duodenum with fatal hemorrhage. PMID- 6966749 TI - Orthostatic hypotension in the Holmes-Adie syndrome. PMID- 6966750 TI - Parasagittal subdural empyema: a case report with computerized tomographic scan documentation. PMID- 6966753 TI - Open-door-policy pediatric clinic: a new approach. PMID- 6966752 TI - Fluid and electrolyte transport in corneal transparency. PMID- 6966754 TI - Cimetidine for prevention of actue gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6966755 TI - Cimetidine for prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6966756 TI - Cimetidine for prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6966757 TI - Cimetidine for prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6966758 TI - Cimetidine for prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6966759 TI - T-cell differentiating activity in tissue cultures containing mycosis fungoides epidermal cells. PMID- 6966760 TI - The Langerhans cell. PMID- 6966762 TI - Endoscopic evaluation of the effects of aspirin, buffered aspirin, and enteric coated aspirin on gastric and duodenal mucosa. PMID- 6966761 TI - Sezary syndrome: a model for migration of T lymphocytes to skin. PMID- 6966763 TI - Correlation between serum IgG-2 concentrations and the antibody response to bacterial polysaccharide antigens. AB - We measured serum concentrations of immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclasses in 53 patients who had completed treatment for Hodgkin's disease and in 10 healthy adults. We wished to determine the relation of these classes and subclasses to the subjects' antibody responses to bacterial polysaccharide and viral protein antigens. Mean levels of the IgG-2 subclass were significantly lower in patients treated with both radiation and chemotherapy than in controls (P less than 0.05). The level of IgG-2 before immunization correlated directly with the mean antibody response both to 11 pneumococcal antigens (r = 0.71, P less than 0.001) and to the Haemophilus influenzae Type b antigen (r = 0.40, P less than 0.01). The correlation between IgG-2 concentration and pneumococcal antibody response was also significant in the 10 healthy adults ( r = 0.70, P less than 0.05). The levels of no immunoglobulin class or subclass correlated significantly with antibody responses to influenza A/Victoria/75 and A/New Jersey/76 hemagglutinins, both of which are protein antigens. The serum concentration of IgG-2 appears to provide a marker for predicting the ability to produce antibodies to polysaccharide, but not viral protein, antigens. PMID- 6966764 TI - The effects of 5-HT uptake- and MAO-inhibitors on L-5-HTP-induced excitation in rats. AB - The behavioural syndrome caused by L-5-HTP in rats was used for the study of effects of selective 5-HT uptake inhibitors and inhibitors of MAO on central 5-HT receptors. A good correlation was found between the relative potencies of drugs in inhibiting the 5-HT uptake in the rat brain and in intensifying L-5-HTP induced behavioural stimulation. The potentiation of the L-5-HTP syndrome by the MAO inhibitors correlated with the inhibition of the A- but not of the B-form of the brain monoamine oxidase. In rats treated with the maximally inhibiting dose of a 5-HT uptake inhibitor, MAO inhibitors were still able to increase the intensity of the L-5-HTP syndrome, while the combination of maximal doses of two 5-HT uptake inhibitors did not produce a more intense syndrome than that produced by one 5-HT uptake inhibitor alone. The L-5-HTP-induced behavioural syndrome in rats seems to afford an experimental model allowing the quantification and characterization of the interaction of drugs with serotonin metabolism in the brain. PMID- 6966765 TI - [Pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery caused by an exostosis]. PMID- 6966766 TI - [Central serotonin metabolism in depression]. PMID- 6966767 TI - Effects of anticholinesterases and of sodium fluoride on neuromyal desensitization. PMID- 6966768 TI - Surgical therapy of chronic pain. PMID- 6966769 TI - CT evaluation of the CSF spaces of healthy persons. AB - Changes in the width of the CSF space throughout life were studied in CT scans of 170 healthy individuals. The internal and external CSF spaces were evaluated using parameters which can also be employed in routine clinical studies. Tables of normal values for the CSF spaces at various ages are presented. PMID- 6966770 TI - Metrizamide demonstration of the subarachnoid space surrounding the Gasserian ganglion. AB - The chance opacification of the subarachnoid space surrounding the Gasserian ganglion, observed during metrizamide basal cisternography, is reported. This is compared to similar demonstrations of the optic subarachnoid space. Such infrequently observed images should be known because they may be related to the occurrence of trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 6966771 TI - Cortical evoked responses and transcutaneous electrotherapy. AB - Percutaneous electrostimulation, acupuncture, and direct stimulation of the central nervous system are supposed to be capable of reducing painful sensation by releasing enkephalins and endorphins. We treated six volunteers with electrotherapy, obtaining in all cases a clear reduction of the pain induced by electric stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist. During the treatment, the administration of naloxone, an antagonist of morphine, in four subjects provoked a short but clear and immediate return of pain. In the other two cases, the drug provoked a further decrease of the painful sensation. During electro-stimulation in all patients, the somatosensory evoked potentials showed a statistically significant decrease. In the four "naloxone-responsive" subjects, the cortical evoked responses returned to basal amplitude after naloxone. In the two patients with a clinically paradoxic response, nonsignificant modification in the cortical evoked potentials was noted. PMID- 6966773 TI - [Immunological deficiencies associated with malignant gynecological tumors]. PMID- 6966772 TI - Immunoglobulins and other serum proteins, T and B lymphocytes and degree of blastic transformation of lymphocytes stimulated by PHA in the brain tumors patients. PMID- 6966775 TI - Embolization of pelvic arteries for control of postpartum hemorrhage. AB - Two cases are presented in which postpartum hemorrhage was controlled by Gelfoam embolization via an angiographic catheter. The advantages of embolization over surgery are discussed. It is suggested that an attempt be made to control severe postpartum hemorrhage by this means before resorting to surgery. PMID- 6966774 TI - Clinical efficacy of Pimafucin (natamycin) vaginal tablets in a ten-day course for vaginal candidiasis. AB - Fifty women with vaginal Candida albicans infection were given Pimafucin (natamycin) vaginal tablets, two nightly for 10 days. At two weeks there was a 76 percent cure rate which was maintained at four weeks. PMID- 6966776 TI - Treatment of postpartum uterine atony with prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories. AB - When severe postpartum hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony is unresponsive to medical management, including oxytocic drugs and/or ergonovine and its derivatives, surgical intervention becomes necessary. This case of postpartum uterine atony, with several features suggesting persistent myometrial dysfunction which did not respond to usual medical measures, responded to treatment with intravaginal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) suppositories. Prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories may be useful in the treatment of persistent postpartum uterine atony. PMID- 6966777 TI - Placenta accreta: changing clinical aspects and outcome. AB - In an effort to determine if a changing clinical picture for placenta accreta exists in the late 1970s, 22 cases from January 1, 1975, to May 30, 1979, at Los Angeles County/University of Southern California (LAC/USC) Medical Center were reviewed. An incidence of clinically diagnosed placenta accreta of 1 per 2562 deliveries for all cases and 1 per 4027 for pathologically confirmed cases (ie, hysterectomy specimens) was found. Mean age of the patients was 29.5 years, and mean gravidity, parity, and abortion were 3.4, 2, and 0.27, respectively. Placenta previa was found in 14 patients (63.6%), 6 of whom had previously undergone cesarean section. No obvious etiology was found in 1 patient. Sixteen patients underwent cesarean section. Hysterectomy was performed on 14 patients, and conservative measures were employed in 8 patients. One maternal death (4.5%) occurred, but there was no perinatal mortality. The clinical picture of placenta accreta today is one of higher reported incidence, lower parity, greater incidence of associated placenta previa, individualized management, and decreasing maternal and perinatal mortality. PMID- 6966779 TI - [Effect of a pulse electric current on reparative osteogenesis]. PMID- 6966778 TI - Toxicity and efficacy of vitrectomy fluids: amphotericin B methyl ester in the treatment of experimental fungal endophthalmitis. AB - The maximum nontoxic dose of amphotericin B methyl ester in vitrectomy infusion fluid was found to be 75 microgram/ml. Experimentally induced fungal endophthalmitis in rabbits was cured by vitrectomy using infusion fluid that contained 10 microgram/ml of amphotericin B methyl ester. PMID- 6966780 TI - [Microbistatic action of a constant electric current in the tissues (an experimental study)]. PMID- 6966781 TI - [Electrostimulation in treating fractures of the scaphoid bone of the wrist]. PMID- 6966782 TI - [Ischemic colitis, causing repeated massive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6966783 TI - [Blood coagulation system indices in children in the active phase of rheumatism]. PMID- 6966784 TI - [Work experience of a rheumatology office in a pediatric polyclinic]. PMID- 6966785 TI - Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride distributions in 13,665 children and adolescents: the Prevalence Study of the Lipid Research Clinics Program. AB - The age-, race-, sex-specific distributions for plasma cholesterol (CH) and triglyceride (TG) are described for the 13,655 individuals under 20 years of age who were examined at the first visit (visit I) of the Prevalence Study of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Program. Composite findings are presented from the seven North American LRC's where children were included in the target population. Cholesterol values are higher for blacks than for whites, but triglyceride values are higher for whites than for blacks. In both the CH and TG distributions for the combined races, the mean values for females are generally higher than for males. For cholesterol, consistent age-associated differences occur. On average, the CH values peak in late childhood and decline during adolescence. The decrease in mean values for CH is most marked for white males. The values for TG tend to increase in early adolescence. This report expands the available information about lipid distributions in young populations and describes the extent of the variation in plasma lipids associated with race and sex for each year of age, 0 to 19 years. PMID- 6966786 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase development in the postnatal human thymus. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity was studied in 42 whole human thymuses of different ages (2 days to 70 years). The results indicate that enzyme activity is high perinatally, falls soon after birth, rises to maximal activity early in life, and falls thereafter. Enzyme activity in homologous thymocytes of 9 thymuses ranging from 2 days to 105 months was also determined. The relative enzyme activity (thymocyte/thymus) did not remain constant with age. These results suggest that age-related changes in thymus terminal transferase activity occur which do not reflect a simple coordinate regulation of thymocyte and non thymocyte elements. PMID- 6966787 TI - [Importance of determining the alpha 1-antitrypsin level in children with chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 6966788 TI - [Transcapillary metabolic disorders in rheumatism in children]. PMID- 6966789 TI - [Epidemiology of rheumatism in children in Komsomol'sk-on-the-Amur]. PMID- 6966790 TI - [Role of determining the lymphocyte subpopulations in the clinical evaluation of scleroderma in children]. PMID- 6966791 TI - The influence of free fatty acids on functional properties of isolated skeletal muscles. Octanoate action on membrane resistance. AB - 1. Na-octanoate (in Ringer's solution) affects the membrane resistance of isolated frog skeletal muscle fibres in a biphasic way. Initially there is an increase followed by a more slowly developing decrease. The effect depends on both the concentration of the fatty acid (1-20 mM) and the time of exposure (2-20 min). 2. In muscles exposed either to isotonic K2SO4 or to Ringer's solution with Cl- substituted by methylsulphage, the octanoate-induced resistance drop is the same as in normal Ringer's solution whereas an initial increase is not observed. 3. In Na-free (Tris-) Ringer's solution, only an increase in membrane resistance is caused by octanoate. 4. The results suggest that Na-octanoate decreases the conductance of the resting muscle cell membrane for anions (Cl-1) whereas the permeability for cations (Na+, K+) is increased. PMID- 6966792 TI - Intracellular potassium activity in epithelial cells of frog fundic gastric mucosa. AB - Microelectrodes were used to measure membrane potential and intracellular potassium activity in surface epithelial cells (SEC) of frog (Rana esculenta) fundic gastric mucosa in vitro. Separate measurements were carried out by applying fine-tipped, single barrelled, KCl filled non-selective electrodes and liquid K+ -selective electrodes. Membrane potentials with respect to the mucosal and serosal surfaces, measured with non-selective electrodes, were -54.5 +/- 1.0 S.E mV (n = 59) and -73.0 +/- 1.1 S.E. mV (n = 59) respectively. The electrical potential difference referred to the mucosal surface, when measured with K+ sensitive electrodes, was +21.2 +/- 0.8 S.E mV (n = 35), and intracellular K+ activity was 98.5 mmol/l. Assuming that intracellular and extracellular K+ activity coefficients are equal (gamma K = gamma K), the K+ concentration is 135.0 mmol/l. The K+ equilibrium potential, EK, was calculated as -90. mV i.e. more negative than both membrane potentials. This result indicates active potassium accumulation in the SEC and provides direct evidence of the presence of an active K+ pump in either both or in only one of the cell membranes. PMID- 6966793 TI - Fully activated potassium current-voltage relationship in the Ranvier node: discrepancy between the results of two methods of analysis. PMID- 6966794 TI - [Emergency fiberscopy in digestive hemorrhages in cirrhosis patients. Critical reflections]. PMID- 6966795 TI - [Myocardial infarction. Is treatment by revascularization of the affected area possible?]. PMID- 6966796 TI - [Immunosuppression mechanism affecting the development of neoplasms]. PMID- 6966798 TI - Eosinophilic pleural effusion with high anti-DNA activity as a manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A patient, known to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), presented with an eosinophilic pleural effusion. It is believed that SLE was the cause of her pleural effusion as increased levels of anti-DNA activity were found in the pleural fluid. Eosinophilic pleural effusion is a previosuly unreported observation in SLE patients (so far as the authors are aware), and the existence of increased anti-DNA activity in the pleural fluid may have value as an additional aid in the diagnosis of this disease. PMID- 6966799 TI - [Sezary cells]. PMID- 6966800 TI - [Clinical significance of leukocyte cytochemical indices in tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6966801 TI - [Use of the sponge biopsy in the clinical picture of pediatric tuberculosis]. PMID- 6966797 TI - [Case of esophageal stenosis after tamponade with Senstaken-Blakemore tube]. PMID- 6966802 TI - Are all aspirins really alike? A comparison of gastric ulcerogenicity with bio efficacy in rats. PMID- 6966803 TI - [Thiophene derivatives in pharmaceutical research]. PMID- 6966805 TI - Reliability of a problem-oriented record system approach to the evaluation of treatment outcome. PMID- 6966804 TI - Lack of correlation between induction of adjuvant arthritis and changes in metabolism and disposition of phenylbutazone in rats. AB - Phenylbutazone disposition after intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg was studied in Lewis and AVN rats treated by mycobacterial adjuvant in comparison with untreated animals. Although the arthritic lesions, body weight loss and decline in albumin concentration developed only in the Lewis strain, an increase of the extrapolated volume of distribution, decline in total body clearance and prolongation of the biological half-life of phenylbutazone were found in both strains of rats. Also the content of cytochromes P-450 and b5 was reduced in both Lewis and AVN rats. PMID- 6966806 TI - Utilization of the computed tomography scanner in interstitial dosimetry. AB - A method is described by which the isodose distribution of interstitial implants can be superimposed on the image of a computed tomography (CT) scan. This technique decreases the uncertainty about the delivered dose, and thus enhances clinical judgment. CT scans of implants in the head and neck area, cervix, vagina, rectum, and urethra are regularly obtained. PMID- 6966807 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass. Prolongation of life and the problem of surgical indication]. PMID- 6966808 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the cecum. A rare cause of digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6966809 TI - A day in the life of a clinical specialist. PMID- 6966810 TI - [Lumbar intraspinal tumors seen in a rheumatological context]. AB - On the basis of a 50 case study, the authors insist on the difficulty of diagnosing lumbar intraspinal tumors seen in a rheumatological context. The increase in pain and spine and spine stiffness at night are the most significant semiological characteristics. A generally slight neurological deficiency is noted in 29 cases (58%) and 21 patients (41%) have a clinical picture identical to that of discal hernias. X-rays of the lumbar spine show signs of bone erosion in 24% of cases. Lumbar puncture furnishes major indications in 85.5% of cases. Contrast testing almost always demonstrates the presence of a tumor. Lumbar intraspinal tumors include a very wide variety of histological types, among which neurinomas, ependymomas and extra-dural malignant tumors are the most frequent. PMID- 6966812 TI - [Childhood psoriatic rheumatism. One case with a review of the literature]. PMID- 6966811 TI - [Rheumatic pelvispondylitis and periodic disease (separately attacking two brothers in the same family]. PMID- 6966813 TI - [Quantitative bone scintigraphy in the study of the sacroiliac joint in chronic inflammatory rheumatism]. AB - Scintillation counting of the sacro-iliac bones using technetium pyrophosphate or diphosphate is a simple examination without danger. The uptake opposite each sacro-iliac bone is assessed by reference to that of the lumbar spine visible on the film. A study of a control group of 81 subjects permits one to determine the existence of variations in relation to age: the fixation is high in subjects under the age of 20 years and reduced in adults aged over 50 years. The 44 controls from 20 to 50 years, permit one to retain as reference value, the ratio 1.14 for the right sarco-iliac bone and 1.11 for the left sarco-iliac bone with a confidence interval of 0.13. There was noted a significantly high uptake during arthritis. Whether this was the axial form (40 cases) or the peripheral from (7 cases) and during Reiter's syndrome (15 cases). This hyperfixation was more frequent and more important when the sacro-iliac involvements (whether accompanied or not by radiological signs) were the cause of inflammatory pain. Increased uptake was also noted during other forms of chronic inflammatory rheumatism: rheumatoid arthritis (10 cases). Chronic inflammatory rheumatism (unclassifiable) 20 cases. It thus seems that one may retain in many cases the existence of sacro-iliac inflammatory changes without the latter being necessarily accompanied by clinical or radiological signs. The discovery of hyperfixation of the sacro-iliacs during chronic inflammatory rheumatism is further evidence in favour of the diagnosis of sacro-iliac arthritis but should be interpretated in the light of the general context. PMID- 6966814 TI - [Bony condensation and necrosis of the femoral head due to polyvinylpyrrolidone thesaurismosis (diagnostic discussion with histiocytosis X)]. PMID- 6966815 TI - Morphology of T and B lymphocytes assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in thyroiditis and Graves's disease. AB - Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) assessment of the T and B lymphocytic sub population shows alterations in cell immunity in the thyroid gland pathology. The mean per cent figure in 10 normal individuals was 68.8 for T lymphocytes (variation range: 50-83%) and 19.6 for B lymphocytes (variation range: 11-26%); in 12 untreated cases of Graves's disease the mean figure was 78.08% for T and 16.25% for B lymphocytes. The 15 patients with untreated thyroiditis showed a mean of 83.43% for T and 12.78% for B lymphocytes. The increased number of T lymphocytes is a proof of cell immunity alteration. PMID- 6966817 TI - Presence of receptors for IgD on human T and non-T lymphocytes. AB - Ig-coated latex particles were used to study the presence in human blood of lymphocytes with receptors for various Ig classes. A significant proportion of cells bound to particles coated with IgG, IgA and IgM. In addition, 0--6.5% (mean 2.2%) peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal blood donors were able to form rosettes with IgD-coated latex particles. Inhibition studies showed that the latter receptors were distinct from those directed against IgG, IgA and IgM. IgD receptor-bearing cells seemed to exist both among T cells and non-T cells but were 3--10 times more frequent in the non-T-cell population. PMID- 6966816 TI - Residual function in chronic renal insufficiency under regular dialysis treatment. PMID- 6966819 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations and IgG concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood from patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - Twelve patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) were examined for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) T lymphocytes and for peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations (E-, EAET , EA- and EAC-rosette-forming cells). The patients had a significantly increased percentage of CSF T cells (88.2 +/- 8.7%) when compared with controls (78.0 +/- 9.1%). Absolute concentrations of CSF T cells were not significantly increased. In peripheral blood no significant change in lymphocyte subpopulations was observed, but there was a slight leucocytosis in the patient group. The patients had increased CSF IgG concentrations, CSF IgG to protein ratio, and CSF to serum IgG ratio, indicating an intrathecal production of IgG. No oligoclonal bands could be demonstrated in the agarose gel electrophoresis. The two patients with thymoma had anti-muscle antibodies in CSF and serum, with ratios of 1:256 and 1:1024, respectively. Serum IgG levels were increased, but not significantly, in the patient group. These results suggest an involvement also of the central nervous system in some patients with MG. PMID- 6966818 TI - Studies on human epidermal Langerhans cells. I. Allo-activating and antigen presenting capacity. AB - Human epidermis was separated from dermis by means of a suction blister device and dissociated with trypsin. The epidermal cell suspensions obtained contained 3 -5% Langerhans cells as judged by immunofluorescence staining ot the cells with a rabbit anti-DR antiserum. The epidermal cells were co-cultured with purified allogeneic T cells and with autologous T cells with or without PPD of tuberculin. A strong T-cell response to allogeneic epidermal cells was obtained, as was a strong T-cell response to PPD, provided autologous epidermal cells were also present. Pre-treatment of the epidermal cells with anti-DR antiserum plus complement abolished both these responses. These data indicate that epidermal cells are able to substitute for macrophages both in the allo-activating and in the antigen-presenting function. Since the responsible cells were DR-positive, it is highly probable that the cells responsible for these functions are the Langerhans cells. PMID- 6966820 TI - Lymphoid stem cells in the intraembryonic mesenchyme of the chicken. AB - Chromosomally marked cells from the 7-day intraembryonic mesenchyme were transplanted into 14-day-old irradiated chick embryos. At the age of 6 weeks donor-derived T and B lymphocytes were shown to be present in the thymus, spleen and bone marrow, indicating that cells in the 7-day intraembryonic mesenchyme are capable of developing into functional T and B lymphocytes. In addition to the sex chromosome marker, IgG allotype was used as a marker; the results demonstrate that cells from intraembryonic haemopoietic sites develop into mature IgG producing cells. In similar experiments, the 7-day yolk sac also proved to contain lymphoid stem cells. Since lymphoid cell progenitors are not present in the 2-day yolk sac, as has been shown previously in the yolk sac-embryo chimaeras and since circulation is established from day 2 of incubation onwards, lymphoid stem cells present in the 7-day yolk sac are most likely secondary immigrants originating in the intraembryonic mesenchyme. PMID- 6966822 TI - Mechanisms of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice rejecting xenogeneic human lymphoblastoid cells. AB - The in vivo immunization of mice with human lymphoblastoid cell line LNH13 generates direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity by spleen cells. The lytic activity appears as early as day 3 after the intraperitoneal inoculation of 7.5 x 10(6) cells and persists at least until day 11. The killer cells do not adhere to plastic and are not retained on nylon wool columns or on Degalan beads coated with mouse Ig plus rabbit-anti-mouse Ig. The effector cells are partly inhibited by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 serum plus complement, but this inhibition appears to be non-specific since anti-serum alone or normal serum plus complement have the same effects. Heat-aggregated IgG strongly inhibits cytotoxicity, indicating that the effector cells are Fc-positive and that such receptors are implicated in lysis. Altogether, these features strongly argue for an ADCC phenomenon. The involvement of antibodies is demonstrated by the fact that eluates (56 degrees C, 30 min) from immune cells alone induce lysis in the presence of normal spleen cells as effectors. The lytic activity of these eluates can be removed by specific adsorption on protein A coupled to Sepharose beads and on the human lymphoid target cells. Positive complementation between immune and non-immune spleen cells suggest that the arming process may occur in vitro during the assay, when antibodies are released by plasmacytes. PMID- 6966821 TI - Studies of anti-lymphocyte antibody in patients with active SLE. II. Effect of anti-lymphocyte antibody on autoreactive cell clones. AB - The effect of anti-lymphocyte antibodies of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on the immune regulation of autoantibody production was studied. The present study demonstrated that there were native DNA (nDNA)-sensitized T lymphocytes even in inactive SLE and no or few nDNA-sensitized T lymphocytes in normal individuals, and that in the inactive stages of SLE suppressor T lymphocytes might inhibit the activation of nDNA-sensitized T lymphocytes eliciting the production of anti-DNA antibodies by B lymphocytes. In the active stage of SLE, the anti-lymphocyte antibodies could eliminate the suppressor function of T lymphocytes or a subset of cells capable of either regulating their appearance or differentiating into them, which inhibited such responses. The different suppression of DNA and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA)-stimulated blastogenic response is further discussed. PMID- 6966823 TI - Asthma, symptoms of chronic bronchitis and ventilatory capacity among cobalt and zinc production workers. AB - This epidemiologic study was designed to determine whether occupational exposures to cobalt and zinc in the metallurgic industry increase the risk of asthma and symptoms of chronic bronchitis or decrease ventilatory capacity. The results indicated that, already at concentrations under 0.1 mg/m3, cobalt sulfate exposure increased the risk of asthma by about five times in exposed workers. The mechanism of sensitization was not studied further in this project. Neither zinc exposure nor sulfuric acid caused asthma or any other pulmonary impairments. All of the exposed groups had a highly significant chronic production of phlegm. This symptom was associated with smoking. Cobalt and sulfur workers had significantly more wheezing than the referents. The high frequency of this symptom probably reflected bronchial irritation caused by sulfur dioxide and cobalt sulfate. There was no evidence confirming that cobalt sulfate would have caused persistent bronchial obstruction or increased the risk of chronic bronchitis at the concentrations measured. Cobalt and/or sulfur dioxide exposure probably increased bronchial reactivity to methocholine transiently, but this effect did not last for more than 2 d. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was between 0 and 2% in the exposed groups and 0% among the referents. There was no evidence that any exposure other than smoking would have caused chronic bronchitis. The Vmax50 meaurements did however indicate that sulfur dioxide and dusts probably increase the risk of chronic bronchitis gradually after more than 5 to 8 a of exposure at concentrations between 1--5 ppm (cm3/m3). PMID- 6966824 TI - The functioning of blood platelets. PMID- 6966825 TI - Bacteremia in childhood. AB - Review of the bacteriology records of a University Hospital pediatric service for a 30-month period revealed 42 patients with Hemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia and 30 patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia, all under age 10. Eighty-eight percent of the Hemophilus bacteremias and 7% of the pneumococcal bacteremias occurred in children less than 2 years of age. Hemophilus bacteremia was seen mot frequently in the first year of life, in contrast to pneumococcal bacteremia which was seen evenly throughout the first and second years of life. In all but one of the Hemophilus infections, a definite source of the bacteremia was apparent; these included CNS infection (58%), cellulitis (14%), and pneumonia (12%). In contrast, no obvious source was apparent in 37% of the pneumococcal bacteremias. When a focus for pneumococcal bacteremia was identified, otitis media and pneumonia were the most frequent diagnoses. Most of the occult pneumococcemias were transient; the results of repeat blood cultures before a treatment decision were helpful in determining the necessity for and duration of antibiotic therapy in those patients with no obvious source of infection. PMID- 6966826 TI - Iododerma complicating cardiovascular surgery. AB - A patient had cardiovascular surgery and received pericardial povidone-iodine irrigation along with extensive topical povidone-iodine. A postoperative febrile response occurred and persisted despite antibiotic therapy. Within 24 hours of the administration of oral potassium iodide, a pustular iododerma occurred. Discontinuation of oral and topical iodine resulted in defervescence of fever and resolution of the cutaneous eruption. PMID- 6966827 TI - Fatal hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm of a submucosal gastric artery. AB - We have described a case of rupture of a microaneurysm of a submucosal gastric artery, discovered at autopsy. Most patients with this condition present with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage for which no obvious cause can be found clinically, and even laparotomy may fail to disclose the cause. Because the predence of this lesion may easily elude even experienced pathologists, increased awareness of this entity is needed for correct diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment, whithout which the condition has proved to be almost invariably fatal. PMID- 6966828 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in treating the cochleovestibular syndrome with circulatory disturbances in the vertebrobasilar system]. PMID- 6966829 TI - [Emergency endoscopy in hemorrhage of the upper parts of the digestive tract]. PMID- 6966830 TI - [Portosystemic anastomosis using terminal portion of superior mesenteric and splenic veins. Surgical methods]. PMID- 6966831 TI - [Immunomodulator (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966832 TI - Congenital hypouricemia. PMID- 6966833 TI - [Erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Contributions to the pathogenesis of this entity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966834 TI - Transabdominal esophageal mucosal transection for the control of esophageal varices. AB - Transabdominal esophageal mucosal transection with devascularization, a direct operation for varices, has been done upon 63 patients with marked esophageal varices that had bled or had a potential bleeding hazard. As of May 1978, 55 of the 63 patients are alive, and the over-all results appear to be satisfactory. PMID- 6966835 TI - Failure of gastric pH control by antacids or cimetidine in the critically ill: a valid sign of sepsis. AB - To compare the ability of antacids and cimetidine to control gastric pH and potential hemorrhage, 77 critically ill patients were randomized into two groups initially receiving either antacids (37 patients) or cimetidine (40 patients). Gastric pH was monitored hourly and the dosage of medication adjusted as required to maintain gastric pH above 4. Forty-nine patients maintained a pH above 4 while receiving a standard dose of antacids (29 patients) or cimetidine (20 patients). Only 8 of these 49 patients proved to be septic, compared to 20 of the 28 patients who required additional medication to maintain pH above 4 (P less than 0.001). There were five episodes of gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurring in septic patients who had a gastric pH consistently below 4 despite treatment. Excluding septic patients, 8 of 23 failed to maintain a gastric pH of 4 on cimetidine compared to 0 of 26 receiving antacids (P less than 0.005). The data suggest that (1) persistent failure of antacids and/or cimetidine to maintain gastric pH above 4 is yet another indicator of often unappreciated infection, (2) maintaining gastric pH above 4 largely prevents gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and (3) cimetidine is not as consistently effective as antacids in maintaining gastric pH above 4. PMID- 6966836 TI - [Study of microflora of bronchial contents in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6966837 TI - [Various prospective approaches to the treatment of nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6966839 TI - Aorto-coronary saphenous vein bypass grafting in a patient with a single coronary artery arising from the right aortic sinus. AB - A patient who presented with severe angina was found to have an ectopic origin of the entire left coronary system, the left main coronary artery arising from the proximal third of the right coronary artery. Atherosclerotic obstructive lesions were present in the right coronary artery, the left anterior descending artery, and the obtuse marginal branch of the left circumflex coronary artery. The three obstructed vessels were bypassed, using autologous saphenous veins. The patient continues to do well 24 months after his operation. We believe that coronary artery bypass should be carried out in symptomatic patients with abnormal coronary anatomy and atherosclerotic disease. PMID- 6966838 TI - [Comparative effectiveness of treatment of acute pneumonia with various antibacterial preparations]. PMID- 6966840 TI - IgG immune deposits in glomerular lesions of young New Zealand Black mice. AB - IgG immune deposits in glomerular lesions were found in 62% of 4-week-old mice born from anti-DNA antibody positive mothers but not in the mice born from anti DNA antibody negative ones. In the former mice anti-DNA antibody producing cells could not be detected in spite of the presence of antibody. These results indicate that maternal anti-DNA antibody might be responsible for the development of glomerular lesions in the offsprings. Renal lesions, however, was not observed in the 2- to 3-month-old mice indicating that permanent lesions were not induced by this transient maternal antibody. PMID- 6966841 TI - B.T.PABA test: a new absorption test. AB - B.T.PABA has been evaluated as a new pancreatic exocrine function diagnostant. In this study, it was used as a new absorption test. After ingestion of 1 gm of B.T.PABA and the test meal, PABA in 6-h collected urine was determined. The urinary PABA excretion rate in Billroth I type postgastrectomy patients, 8-14 days after surgery, was lower than that of controls and that in Billroth II patients, 10-14 days after surgery, was the lowest of the three. However, the PABA excretion values of postgastrectomy patients 10 months to 20 years after surgery recovered nearly to the normal level of PABA excretion. These decreases in PABA excretion were considered to be caused by postgastrectomy digestion absorption impairment. In addition, there was a significantly high correlation between the conventional 131I-labeled albumin absorption test and the B.T.PABA test. Therefore, it was concluded that the B.T.PABA test can be used as a simple absorption test. PMID- 6966842 TI - [Reaction of isolated muscle tissue from different frog species to experimental heat tempering. I. Effect of temperature]. AB - A study was made of changes in the heat resistance of isolated m. sartorius of Rana temporaria L. caused by a 15 minutes exposure to 34 degrees. The hardening effect of heating resulted in a 22.2% increase in the average heat resistance level of muscles (P less than 0.001). This increase was due to non-uniform and even opposite directed changes in the heat resistance levels of muscles of different individuals. Thus, in 81% of muscles their heat resistance increased on average by 27.7%, whereas in 14.3% of muscle the heat resistance decreased on average by 18.7%. These results, as well as the analysis of correlation coefficients between the initial resistance levels of muscles, taken from different individuals, and their changes caused by the hardening enabled us to detect an inverse functional relation between these indices. PMID- 6966843 TI - [Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in murine lymphocyte populations]. AB - The pattern of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme has been examined for different murine lymphoid cell populations and for T and B lymphocyte populations. LDH-1, LDH-2, LDH-3, LDH-4 and LDH-5 were found in the thymus, LDH-3, LDH-4 and LDH-5 in the spleen, and LDH-4 and LDH-5 in lymph nodes. Enrichment of lymphocytes with T and B cells resulted in the appearance of LDH-4 and LDH-5 in T cell population, and of LDH-5 in B cell population. With the appearance of the autoimmune reaction, activity of LDH-5 in the thymus was seen to decrease. After the thymosin injection (4 fraction), activities of LDH-1, LDH-2 and LDH-3 diminished. A possible application of the LDH isoenzyme distribution pattern as a marker of T cell differentiation is discussed. PMID- 6966844 TI - [Physiological polymorphism of grass frog populations. IV. Effect of stress on the phenotypic expression of population polymorphism judged by the level of heat resistance of muscle tissue]. AB - A study was made on the polymorphism of the population of Rana temporaria by the heat resistance of muscle tissue. Stress resulted in the elimination of group differences in the heat resistance of muscles. Thus, the phenotypical response of individuals to stress is masking the genotypical heterogeneity of the population judged from the heat resistance of muscle tissue. PMID- 6966845 TI - Coronary by-pass operation--graft and left ventricular function. AB - Of 121 patients surviving a by-pass operation 114 have been folowed up hitherto. At first follow-up - usually one year after operation - the angina pectoris was relieved in 87% of the patients and in 85% at least one vein by-pass was patent. A high correlation was found between subjective result and graft patency. Advanced arterial changes at preoperative coronary angiography did not prevent good result after surgery. In about half of the patients whose pain was relieved, the left ventricular ejection fraction was increased postoperatively. However, in many patients, who were subjectively improved, the ejection fraction was unchanged or even decreased. PMID- 6966846 TI - [Significance of infectious and vascular factors in the genesis of postural paroxysmal nystagmus]. PMID- 6966847 TI - [Electronystagmography of postural and spontaneous nystagmus]. PMID- 6966848 TI - [Comparative evaluation for predicting the diagnostic potentials of stop-stimulus and trapezoidal rotation programs]. PMID- 6966849 TI - [Characteristics of the cochleovestibular syndrome in the residual stage of traumatic brain disease]. PMID- 6966850 TI - [Temporary blindness after a tonsillectomy]. PMID- 6966851 TI - [Effect of occupational activity on vestibular reactions]. PMID- 6966852 TI - [Formation of free forms of substances as 1 of the mechanisms of the action of therapeutic physical factors]. PMID- 6966854 TI - [Effect of sinusoidal modulated currents on external respiratory function in hypertension]. PMID- 6966853 TI - [Iodobromine baths, diadynamic currents and ultrasonics in the overall treatment of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6966855 TI - [Differentiated peloid therapy of chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6966856 TI - [Experience in using inductothermy and sinusoidal modulated currents for the expulsion of stones from the ureters]. PMID- 6966857 TI - [Physical factors in the overall treatment of chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6966858 TI - [Comparative study of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic actions of antitumor preparations]. PMID- 6966859 TI - [Acid phosphatase activity and the autoimmune processes in rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6966860 TI - [Genetic marker associations with rheumatism in isolated populations]. PMID- 6966861 TI - [Status and prospects of studies on rheumatology and the development of rheumatological care for the population of Donetsk Province]. PMID- 6966863 TI - [Principal aspects of the theory of rheumatism and its modern classification]. PMID- 6966862 TI - [Problems of disability assessment in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6966864 TI - [Immunological reactivity indices in chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6966865 TI - [Evaluation of the functional state of the human T-immunity system]. PMID- 6966866 TI - [The effect of thymosine on the course of experimental influenza infection and antibody production in laboratory animals]. AB - Thymosine is a preparation isolated from the thymus of calves. It possesses a specific activity stimulating maturation of T lymphocytes in splenocytes of thymectomized guinea pigs and peripheral blood of healthy humans. Thymosine had no effect on the course of severe experimental influenza infection and exerted no regular stimulation of antibody production in rats with asymptomatic influenza infection. PMID- 6966867 TI - [Lymphocyte blast transformation according to the clinical variant of rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Blast-transformation reaction of lymphocytes to non-specific stimulation with phytohemaglutinines was studies in 83 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with different activity of the general inflammatory reaction, stage and form of the disease. Lymphocytes react with diminished activity to that stimulation both in the early and late stages of the disease, being an index for the intransience of the conditions for antigen stimulation. The diminished lymphocyte reaction correlates with the clinical-laboratory indices for activity of rheumatoid arthritis. It raises in the course of the medicament tosus effect and reflects the effectiveness of treatment. The cellular immunity takes part in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Blast-transformation test could be used as an aide in the determination of rheumatoid arthritis activity as well as of the cellular immunity state. PMID- 6966868 TI - [Surgical treatment potentials in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6966869 TI - [Intracranial vertebral artery aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966870 TI - [Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding as first clinical manifestation of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (author's transl)]. AB - We describe a patient with a "cryptogenic" massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to a pseudoxanthoma elasticum, recognized only postoperatively. She underwent twice emergency abdominal surgery with total gastrectomy and partial jejunal resection, with a complicated postoperative course. An insufficient enteral anastomosis was perhaps caused by deficient reapir mechanisms of the involved organs due to the underlying disease. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, an hereditary degenerative disease of especially the elastic connective tissue, involves primarily the vascular system, skin, and eyes, with the typical complication of massive gastrointestinal bleedings. Instead of surgical intervention, such bleedings should be treated preferably by utmost application of conservative means. PMID- 6966871 TI - [Peripheral blood T-lymphocytes in pemphigus]. PMID- 6966874 TI - [Systemogenesis during amphibian metamorphosis]. PMID- 6966872 TI - [Effect of complete basal undercutting of the septum on the activity of its neurons]. AB - Spontaneous and evoked by sensory stimuli neuronal activity of medial and lateral septal nuclei deprived of basal connections, was investigated in chronic unanaesthetized rabbits. After basal undercutting of septum many neurones in both nuclei produced highly regular "pacemaker-like" activity. The proportion of neurones with rhythmic bursts of spontaneous activity did not change, but the frequency of bursts decreased to 2.8--3.9 per second. Reactivity of neurones to sensory stimuli was low in both nuclei. Electric stimulation of the hippocampus was highly effective. The majority of septal neurones responded to each stimulus by a short (30--150 msec) inhibition. The problems in connection with possible organization of rhythmic theta-activity of septal neurones are discussed. PMID- 6966873 TI - [Role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of primary sleep in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - It has been demonstrated that in the frog Rana temporaria the anterior hypothalamus is involved into regulation of the depth of two forms of rest--one with plastic, the other with decreased muscle tone. Resting state with catatonic muscle activity is associated with activation of the posterior hypothalamus. Participation of the anterior hypothalamus in regulation of the resting state with the decreased tone of skeletal muscles may be taken as one of the indications that this form of rest plays the role of sleep in amphibians, being transformed during evolution of vertebrates into the sleep of poikilotherms. PMID- 6966875 TI - [Saccular aneurysm of the anterior-inferior (middle cerebellar)--internal auditory artery]. AB - On the basis of data in the literature (4 cases) and one case observed by the authors themselves, a clinical characteristics is given of the rarely encountered aneurysm of the middle cerebellar-internal acoustic arteries. In the absence of subarachnoid hemorrhage the aneurysm produces a typical picture of neurinoma of the acoustic nerve. The patient described was operated on with the use of a surgical microscope. Clipping of the aneurysm resulted practically in full recovery of the patient. PMID- 6966876 TI - [Objective evaluation of tolerance of ventriculography with different x-ray contrast media (according to the results of nystagmography)]. AB - The vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (nystagmus) was recorded by means of electronystagmography in 33 neurosurgical patients in dynamics prior to and after ventriculography. For contrasting the ventricular system a water-soluble medium (Conrey, dimer-X or Amipak) was used in 18 patients and contrast mixtures of water-soluble agents in combination with Myodil emulsion in 15. It was established that after ventriculography with water-soluble media the nystagmus hardly changed, while after the use of mixtures of radiocontrast media the trunk vestibular reactions in all types of nystagmus grew frequently and sharply and the vestibulovegetative reactions increased markedly. PMID- 6966877 TI - Effects of high dose oestrogen and testosterone treatment in adolescents upon trabecular and compact bone measured by 125I computed tomography. A preliminary study. AB - 125I Computed Tomography (CT) allows for the selective determination of trabecular and compact bone mineral parameters in the radius. Using this technique the effects of high dose oestrogen treatment in 11 tall girls, and of high dose testosterone treatment in 5 tall boys were monitored. In both groups trabecular bone density (TBD) increased steadily during treatment at a rate of about 1% per month. Also in both groups the compact bone mineral increased steadily. These results are compared with those from a cross sectional study on 49 normal children and 36 normal adults, in whom TBD was found to be independent of age and sex, so that the increases in TBD in both treatment groups can be attributed directly to the influence of the sex hormones. Since the compact bone mineral is higher in adults than in children it cannot yet be decided whether the increases seen in the treated patients are related to the sex hormone treatment, or reflect only the normal development of the bone during adolescence. PMID- 6966878 TI - Comparative morphometric study of cerebellar neurons. I. Granule cells. AB - Several differences concerning granule cell characteristics have been reported in phylogenetic studies. In this work, the granule cell features of 4 frogs, 4 pigeons, 4 rats, 4 cats and 6 human subjects were determined using morphometric methods. Frog granule cells showed a significantly greater volume and a significantly lower numerical density in comparison with the other species; nevertheless no significant differences were found concerning their organelles. The volume of granule cells was significantly smaller in man than in the other two mammal species but no significant differences were observed in their numerical densities. A significant negative correlation was found between the mean cellular volume and the numerical density of granule cells in every species. These results support the assumption that the biological development of the human cerebellar granular layer is accompanied by a miniaturization of the granule cells, in a way similar to that previously suggested for cerebral neurons. PMID- 6966879 TI - Active T cells and humoral immune variables in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in patients after acute unilateral idiopathic optic neuritis. AB - The active T cell rosette test--that is determination of T lymphocytes with high affinity for sheep erythrocytes after incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 h--defines a T cell subset that has been claimed to parallel cell-mediated immunocompetence in e.g. viral diseases. In 16 patients who have had acute unilateral idiopathic optic neuritis (ON), lower percentages of active T cells were found in CSF compared to blood, irrespective if the interval between the first bout of ON and the present study was 2 months or 26 years, and irrespective of degree of mononuclear pleocytosis or humoral immune variables in CSF. The same distribution of active T cells has previously been observed in multiple slcerosis (MS). The percentages of active T cells in peripheral blood from the patients with ON were normal. Determination of active T cell does not seem to discriminate those patients with ON who are likely to develop MS. One explanation could be that ON and MS have an etiologic agent in common but that a part of patients with ON have an until now undefined competence to limit the demyelinating process. PMID- 6966880 TI - Active and total T cells in blood and cerebrospinal fluid during the course of aseptic meningitis. AB - Patients with aseptic meningitis (AM) were examined with the active T cell rosette test, which has been claimed to reflect cell-mediated immunocompetence more accurately than determination of total T cells. Higher percentages of active T cells were demonstrated in CSF compared to blood regardless if specimens were obtained on days 1-4, days 5-10, or later than 20 days after onset of symptoms, Active T cell percentages in CSF decreased when values for specimens obtained on days 5-10 were compared with those taken later than 20 days after onset, while no significant variations of active T cell percentages in blood were observed. The percentages of total T cells were higher in CSF than blood in specimens from days 5-10, and later than 20 days after onset, but no significant fluctuations of total T cells occurred in either CSF or blood over the course of AM. PMID- 6966882 TI - A double-blind, cross-over study of the effects of terodiline in women with unstable bladder. AB - In a double-blind, cross-over study, the effects of terodiline were evaluated in 12 women with motor urge incontinence. The patients were investigated by simultaneous urethro-cystometry before and after treatment fo 2-week periods with placebo and terodiline 12.5 mg twice daily. The effects on subjective symptoms were also assessed. In all patients but one, terodiline increased the bladder capacity and also the bladder volume at which urgency was experienced. No effects on the urethral pressure profile or residual urine were found. Subjective improvement was reported by all but one of the patients. Placebo treatment had no effect on the measured parameters or on the subjective symptoms. No side effects were reported during any of the treatment periods. --It is concluded that terodiline can be used for treatment of female motor urge incontinence, and that it is a promising alternative to drugs presently used for this disorder. PMID- 6966883 TI - Influence of coronary bypass surgery on oesophageal function and symptomatology. AB - The incidence of oesophageal dysfunction (OD) is higher in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) than in a population sample. The hypothesis was raised that this finding is the result of a cardio-oesophageal reflex in which afferent pain impulses from the heart trigger dysfunction in the oesophagus. Twenty-three patients with CHD were examined before and 14+/-5(S.D.) months after coronary bypass surgery. Total relief of angina pectoris was attained in 6 patients and improvement in 16. One patient deteriorated. The incidence of OD was 52% before operation and 65% at the follow-up investigation (no significant difference). Symptoms related to the oesophagus, other than chest pain, were as frequent before as after operation. The findings do not support the contention that OD in patients with CHD is caused by a cardio-oesophageal reflex. PMID- 6966881 TI - The cellular reaction in normal and tumour-bearing mice following intraperitoneal glucan injection. AB - The effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of yeast glucain in C3D2 mice was studied. The optimal dose for the induction of a cellular exudate was 0.4 mg/kg, producing 17.6 x 10(6) cells on day 7 after injection. The number of T cells, B-cells and macrophages in this exudate was analysed by the use of morphology, immunofluorescence and the non-specific esterase staining. An increase in both T-cells, B-cells and macrophages was found after glucain injection. There was an 8-fold increase in macrophages, but the increase lasted only 14 days. The increase in T-cells was smaller, but lasted at least 35 days. The effect of pretreatment with glucan on the development of an inoculated syngeneic methyl cholanthrene induced sarcoma was studied. No effect on tumour take could be demonstrated, but differences in T-cell, B-cell and macrophage content of the developing tumour were found. A strinking feature was a prolonged increase in tumour T-cell content. PMID- 6966884 TI - [The role of odontogenic tissue in the maxillary localization of malignant blood disorders in children]. PMID- 6966885 TI - PGD3 is the mediator of the antiaggregatory effects of the trienoic endoperoxide PGH3. PMID- 6966886 TI - [Staining of cone outer segment and rod outer segment renewal by injecting fluorescent dye, Procion Yellow, into the vitreous (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966887 TI - [Experimental studies on mechanism of cataract formation. 3. Property of protein located on surface of normal lens fibers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966888 TI - Isolated stenosis of left anterior descending or right coronary artery: relation between site of stenosis and ventricular dysfunction and therapeutic implications. PMID- 6966889 TI - Risk factors for genetic typing and detection in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - An outpatient population with retinitis pigmentosa was evaluated with respect to best corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refractive error, appearance of the lenses, presence or absence of bone spicule pigmentation, age of onset of night blindness by history, and presence or absence of a history of parental consanguinity. The population included 489 affected patients subdivided into the four following groups: 69 (14.1%) dominant, 67 (13.7%) autosomal recessive, 34 (7.0%) X-chromosome-linked, and 319 (65.2%) isolate. Contingency table and life table analyses showed that significant differences existed for these criteria among the various groups. An analysis based on data from 35 families showed significant differences with respect to best corrected visual acuity and cylindrical refractive error when comparing affected patients with their age matched normal relatives. These findings support the idea that observations in a routine ocular examination can aid in genetic classification of affected patients and in selection of relatives of affected patients who are at higher risk for having early stages of retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 6966890 TI - Reversible night blindness associated with intestinal bypass surgery. AB - A 33-year-old man had a sudden onset of night blindness 3 1/2 years after intestinal bypass surgery for morbid obesity. Ocular examination disclosed a probable Bitot's spot and electrophysiologic testing showed markedly impaired dark adaptation and subnormal electroretinography. After therapy with orally administered vitamin A, the night blindness disappeared and the dark adaptation curve and electroretinogram returned to normal. PMID- 6966891 TI - Relief of pain by subcutaneous electrical stimulation after ocular surgery. AB - Electrical stimulation in the treatment of postoperative ophthalmologic pain was applied in 25 patients. In 21, stimulation was applied by means of subcutaneously implanted wires and in four patients the therapy was administered by externally placed electrodes. The subcutaneous electrodes were introduced near the supraorbital and infraorbital nerves at the end of the surgical procedures, and stimulation was immediately begun. Duration of treatment varied between one and three days. The nerve stimulator is a portable, battery-operated apparatus. The implanted electrodes avoid skin resistance and are extremely stable, thus affording uniform current intensity that does not change during sudden movements. As a result, the stimuli are perceived as a pleasant sensation. Complete pain relief was attained in nine patients, and in 13 patients the pain was diminished. The therapy is appropriate and effective in postoperative ocular pain, because the pain is restricted to a limited area, innervated by superficial nerves that are easily accessible to electrical stimulation. PMID- 6966892 TI - Photocoagulation of active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. AB - Active, recurrent, protracted toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis that had been unresponsive to intensive medical therapy with pyrimethamine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, intramuscular folicic acid, or clindamycin and corticosteroids, was treated with photocoagulation in five eyes. Four eyes healed rapidly within a few weeks. In one patient's eye, lens and vitreous opacities prevented adequate treatment with the red III intensity level of the xenon are photocoagulator. Subsequent surgical diathermy and cryocoagulation resulted in prompt healing of the lesion. Noninvasive photocoagulation of active toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis is recommended in protracted cases if the media are clear, the macula is threatened, or there are severe complications from systemic medications. PMID- 6966894 TI - Animal model of human disease. Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia. PMID- 6966893 TI - Alveolar response to experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat. AB - In order to characterize the alveolar response to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, light and electron miscropy were used to trace the development of experimental infections with P carinii in rats treated with cortisone acetate and a low protein diet. The first changes were found by the eighth day of treatment and consisted of the selective attachment of Pneumocystis organisms, mostly trophozoites, to alveolar Type 1 pneumocytes; the host cells were undamaged, and no inflammatory response was seen. After approximately one month of treatment, the seemingly innocuous host-parasite interaction was succeeded by focal necrosis of the Type 1 pneumocytes adjacent to organisms; hyperplasia of nearby Type 2 pneumocytes also occurred, to replace the dead Type 1 pneumocytes. Even at this stage, inflammatory reaction was conspicuously absent except for occasional alveolar macrophages in the diseased alveoli; in addition, all cells of the alveolar-capillary membrane other than Type 1 pneumocytes appeared entirely normal. Not only does the present study clarify the nature of alveolar injury caused by Pneumocystis carinii, but it also provides an experimental animal model in which selective injury of the alveolar lining cells occurs. PMID- 6966895 TI - Health status of cable splicers with low-level exposure to lead: results of a clinical survey. AB - The results of a cross-sectional clinical field survey of 90 telephone cable splicers are presented. Despite the rare occurrence of clinically overt lead poisoning among cable splicers, the observed prevalence of symptoms was 29% for lead-associated central nervous system symptoms and 21% for gastrointestinal symptoms. These two groups of symptoms were directly related to zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels but no relationship was found between them and blood lead concentrations. Only 5% of the workers had significantly elevated blood lead levels (greater than 40 microgram/100ml). Because of the intermittent lead exposure encountered in this trade, individuals were identified with "normal" blood lead levels associated with "elevated" zinc protoporphyrin concentrations, indicating the difference in biological significance between exposure-(blood lead) and biological-response tests (ZPP). Suggestion is made that both types of diagnostic tests be utilized in the medical surveillance of lead-exposured workers. PMID- 6966897 TI - Prevalence of intestinal helminths in Khuzestan, Southwest Iran, 1977. AB - Large scale studies were performed to determine the prevalence of various intestinal helminth infections in urban and rural areas of Khuzestan Province, southwest Iran. A total of 16,361 stool samples from people in 105 villages and 14 small towns were examined by the formalin-ether concentration method. Ascaris, hookworms, Trichostrongylus, Trichuris, and Hymenolepis nana showed the highest prevalence. Hookworms and Trichostrongylus were twice as prevalent in rural than in urban areas; in contrast, H. nana was more prevalent in urban areas while the level of Ascaris infections was not significantly different. The intensity of Ascaris and hookworm infections, as estimated by the number of eggs/g of feces, was higher in rural than in urban areas. PMID- 6966896 TI - Intestinal parasites in man in Labrador, Canada. AB - Labrador, a previously unsurveyed area of Canada, has been sampled for human intestinal parasites. Four hundred and one asymptomatic volunteers between 1 and 72 years of age, including Inuit, Naskapi and whites, were examined during the summer of 1977. They harboured: Entamoeba coli, E. histolytica, E. hartmanni, Giardia lamblia and Diphyllobothrium sp. The infection rates are considerably lower than those found in other studies of Northern Canadian communities. PMID- 6966899 TI - [Biochemical and immunological properties of the soluble proteins of the early chorion]. PMID- 6966898 TI - Observations on cattle schistosomiasis in the Sudan, a study in comparative medicine. I. Epizootiological observations on Schistosoma bovis in the White Nile Province. AB - A 2-year epizootiological study was carried out on Schistosoma bovis in cattle in an enzootic area of the Sudan. The prevalence of infection, as judged by the Pitchford fecal egg counting technique, was very high, approaching 90% in 1.5 year-old animals. There was, however, a lower prevalence in older cattle, and this trend was also seen with the fecal egg counts. This suggests that the cattle gradually acquire resistance to reinfection, particularly since there seems to be little age-related variation in the amount of water contact. Monthly incidence rates, estimated from fecal examinations of initially uninfected "tracer" calves showed a marked seasonal pattern, being much higher in the hot summer months, and snail infection rates showed a similar seasonal pattern. In addition, both the monthly incidence measurements and the snail infection rates showed that transmission was much heavier in 1976 than in 1977. Epizootics such as those recorded previously in this area presumably arise from exceptionally intense transmission years. PMID- 6966900 TI - [Effective oxygen transport in acute gastroduodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6966901 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - Intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy was evaluated in 11 consecutive patients with documented Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the results compared to those from previously published studies of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for P. carinii pneumonia. Although six patients needed mechanical ventilation, intravenous therapy was successful in seven of 11 patients (64%), and seven of nine patients (78%) receiving 4 or more days of intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy were cured. Side effects occurred in two patients (skin rash in one, nausea and vomiting in one). A review of 80 reported cases of confirmed P. carinii pneumonia initially treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole alone revealed response rates of 67.5% in all treated patients and 85.5% in patients treated for 9 or more days. The clinical response was similar in adults (63.2%) and children (68.9%). Side effects were noted in only 11 of 80 patients (13.8%). Compared to pentamidine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has a narrower toxic-therapeutic ratio and should be preferred treatment for P. carinii pneumonia in adults as well as children. PMID- 6966902 TI - HLA-B27 typing. PMID- 6966903 TI - HLA-B27 typing. PMID- 6966904 TI - The use of leukocyte acid phosphatase in the diagnosis of malignant disease. Case report and review of literature. AB - Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) has been demonstrated during relapse in the cells in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in a patient with the clinical features of acute T cell lymphocytic leukemia which suggests this isozyme may be a marker for malignant transformation of some types of lymphocytes. The presence of TRAP may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of a lymphocytic malignancy since normal lymphocytes appear to have tartrate sensitive acid phosphatase. The presence of TRAP can no longer be considered specific for hairy cell leukemia, since children with acute lymphocytic leukemia are being found with this isozyme in their malignant blasts. The presence of TRAP does not appear to be specific for T or B cell lines of malignant lymphocytes since it has been described in cells with either type of cell markers. The presence of TRAP seems most useful in differentiating lymphocytic malignancies from monocytic and histiocytic malignancies and from benign lymphocytoses when the cells of the peripheral blood and marrow may have similar morphologic features with routine staining. PMID- 6966905 TI - Unstable mutation of beta-lactamase production in Streptomyces lavendulae. AB - Streptomyces lavendulae S55-B1 gave two distinct variants at an unusual high frequency: one is a beta-lactamase-nonproducing variant and the other is an Arg- variant. All of the Arg- variants concomitantly had no, or only very low, beta lactamase activity and were unable to form aerial mycelia or spores. There was no significant linkage between the beta-lactamase activity and the other nutritional requirement which was analyzed. Two of the Arg- variants spontaneously gave Arg+ revertants at a very low frequency. The revertants, however, did not recover the beta-lactamase activity. It is suggested that the beta-lactamase gene may be capable of transposition with inactivation of the arg gene occurring frequently by insertion of the transposed element. Covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid from S55-B1 was not detected by either cesium chloride ethidium bromide buoyant density centrifugation or agarose gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6966906 TI - Activity of cephalosporins against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci: minimal effect of beta-lactamase. AB - Eight cephalosporins were tested for their activity against methicillin susceptible and methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci and for their resistance to beta-lactamase from methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci. Susceptibility testing by the agar plate method was evaluated for the effect of inoculum size and duration of incubation. Methicillin-susceptible, coagulase-negative staphylococci were highly susceptible to the cephalosporins, with cephapirin and cepahlothin showing the greatest activity, followed by cefazolin and cefamandole. Methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci displayed nearly total cross-resistance to the cephalosporins. Resistance increased with increasing inoculum size. Beta-Lactamases produced by methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci had a minimal hydrolytic effect on cepahlothin, cephapirin, cefazolin, and cefamandole and no measurable effect on cefoxitin. There was no correlation between the anti-staphylococcal activity and resistance to beta-lactamases. PMID- 6966907 TI - Front line role. PMID- 6966909 TI - For every ill a pill. PMID- 6966908 TI - Serological abnormalities in juvenile chronic arthritis: a review of 46 cases. AB - Data of 46 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis were evaluated. All of them were under the age of 16 at the time of study. Patients with juvenile ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease were excluded from this series. Twenty-six patients had pauciarticular, 9 had systemic, 8 had polyarticular, and 3 patients had seropositive 'adult type' JCA. In all patient groups IgG, IgM, IgA, and C3 levels were significantly higher than in the control group. None of the controls but 13 of 46 patients had high IgE levels. IgA and IgG values were significantly higher in the seropositive subgroup than in the pauciarticular subgroup. There was no other positive correlation between levels of immunoglobulins, C3, and clinical features of disease. Platelet counts were significantly higher in patients with active disease. In the control group 4 out of 10 children had 'hidden' rheumatoid factor. All these children with positive findings were young. PMID- 6966910 TI - Intraoperative gastrointestinal endoscopy. AB - A four year experience with the adaptation of the flexible fiberoptic endoscope to the intraoperative environment is presented in 30 patients. The technique of intraoperative endoscopy was utilized in a wide variety of difficult gastrointestinal surgical problems to include the location of the site and cause of bleeding of obscure etiology; resolution of intraoperative dilemmas without the necessity of opening abdominal viscera; resection of lesions during operations conducted for other pathological processes; and enhancement of diagnosis at laparotomy. There were no complications from the use of intraoperative endoscopy and the technique was beneficial in 28 of the 30 patients (93.3%). Limiting factors in the full utilization of the endoscope at celiotomy were dense adhesions with a shortened mesentery and massive hemorrhage with blood obscuring the intestinal lumen. PMID- 6966911 TI - Unstable angina pectoris. Factors influencing operative risk. AB - Experience was reviewed with 471 consecutive patients who had coronary artery bypass (CAB) operation alone. The hospital mortality rate was 2% in 341 patients operated on for treatment of stable angina pectoris. There were ten deaths (7.7%) in the 130 patients who underwent CAB for treatment of unstable angina. In this series, age greater than 70 years, poor left ventricular function, distal coronary arteries unfavorable for grafting and the presence of main left coronary artery disease were factors associated with increased operative mortality. In 78 patients with unstable angina who had none of these increased risk factors, the mortality rate was 1.3%. Hospital mortality was 33% in patients older than 70 years and 29% in patients with poor left ventricular function and/or distal vessels unfavorable for grafting. In 23 of the 130 patients, the only increased risk factor present was severe stenosis of the main left coronary artery and one of them (4.3%) died. Thus, when elderly patients and patients with poor left ventricular function or poor distal vessels were excluded, the hospital mortality rate associated with CAB in patients with unstable angina was low (2.0%, 2/101 patients) and equal to that for operation in patients with stable angina pectoris. PMID- 6966913 TI - Haemophilus parainfluenzae pneumonia. PMID- 6966912 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafts: increased flow in the early postoperative period. AB - The long-term outcome of coronary artery bypass operations is contingent upon the patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts. Flow measurements taken at operation may not truly reflect the capacity of the graft to carry glow because the heart may not have fully recovered from the consequences of ischemic arrest, despite the protective effects of hypothermic cardioplegia. During a three-year period, we observed increases of up to 200% in the flow rate of 8 of 11 saphenous vein grafts in 7 patients who underwent reoperation for bleeding or cardiac tamponade in the early postoperative period. At initial operation, flow rates ranged from 25 ml/min to 130 ml/min (mean value, 66.8 +/- 10.3 ml/min [standard error of the mean]). At reexploration, flow measurements ranged from 0 ml/min (graft clotted) to 260 ml/min (mean value, 110 +/- 22.8 ml/min). This difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.02). This study documents that flow rate measurements in saphenous vein aorotocoronary bypass grafts can increase in the early postoperative period although the exact mechanism by which this occurs is not known. PMID- 6966915 TI - Pleural effusion in histiocytosis X. PMID- 6966914 TI - Coronary artery pain. A possible cause of graft occlusion in a patient with fixed obstructive coronary artery disease. AB - We describe a 50-year-old man with rest angina and ECG anterior wall subendocardial ischemia. During coronary angiography, a high-grade proximal left anterior descending stenosis was present. Spontaneous total spasm distal to the lesion occurred without chest pain or ST segment shifts. The patient underwent aortocoronary bypass surgery and continued to have the same pain as preoperatively. Repeated catheterization demonstrated total occlusion of the bypass graft with unchanged native coronary vessels. This suggests prolonged coronary artery spasm as the mechanism for graft occlusion. PMID- 6966916 TI - [Dorsal column stimulation for control of pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966917 TI - Cerebral ventricular size and neuropsychological impairment in young chronic schizophrenics. Measurement by the standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. AB - The relationship between size of cerebral ventricles in chronic schizophrenics and performance on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, the Standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery, was investigated. Ventricular size was determined by using a planimeter to measure the size of the lateral ventricles and the ventricular body, if present, on the computerized tomographic (CT) scan image that showed the largest lateral ventricles. This number was divided by the size of the brain as a whole on the same image of the CT scan to yield a ventricular brain ratio. This ratio was then correlated with the scores on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Eight of the 14 scales of the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery correlated significantly at the .05 level with the ventricular brain ratio in a sample of 42 chronic schizophrenics with an average age of 32.3 years. Overall, there was a multiple correlation of .72 between the ventricular brain ratio and Luria scores. The overall ventricular brain ratio for the schizophrenics was significantly above that found in normal populations. Changes in the size of the ventricles in schizophrenics appear to have significant correlates with measures of neuropsychological performance. PMID- 6966918 TI - Surgical implications of Behcet's disease. AB - Behcet's disease, though originally described as a triad of oral and genital aphthous ulcers and inflammatory ocular lesions, has had several new elements added to its description. The updated syndrome now includes gastrointestinal (GI) involvement as well as polyarthritis, neuritis, myocarditis, and glomerulonephritis. Of particular importance to the surgeon are the GI manifestations that include hemorrhage and perforation. A review of the literature indicates that the GI manifestations of Behcet's disease are not uncommon and, though usually mild, may necessitate surgical intervention. Our experience with a patient with GI hemorrhage and subsequent perforation underlines the occasional urgent complications of this disease. PMID- 6966920 TI - Massive bleeding from colonic lipoma. PMID- 6966919 TI - Lobar pulmonary hemorrhage. An unusual complication of Swan-Ganz catheterization. AB - Massive lobar pulmonary hemorrhage related to Swan-Ganz catheterization represents a catastrophic complication that, to our knowledge, has received little attention in the literature. Our experience with two recent cases emphasizes the life-threatening nature of such bleeding as well as the potential for patient salvage after urgent resectional therapy. A spectrum of pulmonary vascular injuries is incurred after the insertion of a balloon-tipped catheter, and there are therapeutic approaches for each. The anticoagulation associated with cardiac surgical procedures prompts us to suggest that the technique of insertion and the use of the Swan-Ganz catheter in these patients be modified to avoid this complication. PMID- 6966921 TI - [Development of hematopoietic tissue in Rana temporaria L]. AB - Embryogenesis of the hemopoietic tissue was histologically studied in Rana temporaria at successive developmental stages, beginning from neurula and up to the end of metamorphosis. Primary foci of hemopoiesis (yolk sac, pronephros, hepatic diverticulum) were also studied radioautographically. Histological description of the hemopoietic tissue in R. temporaria is presented according to common stages of development in the species investigated. The data concerning the early and, in fact, simultaneous appearance of primary blood cells (PBC) in embryonic foci, as well as the results of the radioautographic investigation on the dynamics of PBC proliferation demonstrate that there possibly exist some local sources of hemopoiesis in embryonic hemopoietic organs. PMID- 6966922 TI - Oculomotor and oculovestibular functions in a hemispherectomy patient. AB - Oculomotor and oculovestibular functions in a patient who had undergone a left hemispherectomy were examined under a variety of visual and vestibular stimuli. The main findings were an inability to hold left eccentric gaze, resulting in gaze-evoked nystagmus to that side; inaccurate saccades to the right; defective smooth pursuit to the left; asymmetrical vestibulo-ocular responses (VOR) in the dark due to the interaction of the VOR with the "spasticity of conjugate gaze", decreased gain of the visuo-vestibulo-ocular reflexes to both sides, more marked to the right, when rotated fixating on a stationary wall target or the environment, due to abnormal smooth and optokinetic systems; and failure to inhibit the VOR when rotated to the left with visual fixation. PMID- 6966923 TI - Rod monochromatism associated with strabismus. PMID- 6966924 TI - Australian Rheumatism Association. Symposium on rheumatic diseases in childhood. Abstracts. PMID- 6966925 TI - Immediate operation for acute non-variceal gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients aged 50 years and over. AB - A prospective trial of immediate operation was carried out on all 123 patients aged 50 years and over who presented with acute non-variceal bleeding as shown endoscopically. The mortality rate was 11.4%. Four hundred and sixty-seven similar patients treated by a conventional and more conservative approach, viz., surgery only for massive, continuous or recurrent bleeding, over an earlier period of three years, had a mortality rate of 6.4% during the acute bleeding episode. In the latter series, the mortality for the 161 patients with emergency surgery was 11.8%. The aggressive approach carries no advantage over the conservative approach and is not to be recommended. In both series surgery for haemorrhage with associated medical illness carried a similarly high mortality (27.3% and 26.3% respectively), indicating that the timing of surgery in such patients, whether it is done as early or as late as possible, does not influence the outcome. This mortality rate of immediate Billroth gastrectomy for gastric ulcer was low (4.8%), so that operation in such patients should not be delayed. PMID- 6966926 TI - Splenic artery--pancreatic duct fistula. AB - The difficulties of diagnosis are detailed in a patient presenting with unexplained recurrent severe rectal bleeding due to a fistula between the splenic artery and the pancreatic duct. A review of the condition is presented together with a description of the proposed aetiological factors. The importance of angiographic assessment in the diagnosis and subsequent management of bleeding unexplained by conventional investigations in emphasized. Resection of the aneurysm with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy is curative. PMID- 6966927 TI - The prevalence of symptoms of depression in an Australian General Population. AB - The prevalence of depressive symptoms was estimated in a random sample of an Australian general population by administration of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (S.D.S.). Rates, calculated according to criteria derived from a previously studied clinical sample, were somehwat higher in this population than had been reported in similar studies elsewhere. It was reasoned that this finding related to the relative laxity of criteria employed in the present study. Socio demographic influences on the reporting of depressive symptoms were evident, the most prominent of these being the sex of the subject. It was suggested that these influences may underlie socio-demographic differences in rates of recognized depressive states occurring within clinical samples. PMID- 6966928 TI - Immunological parameters in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6966929 TI - Active site of alpha 1-antitrypsin: homologous site in antithrombin-III. PMID- 6966930 TI - N,N-Dimethyl-alpha-[2-(p-tolyloxy)ethyl]benzylamine hydrochloride (LY125180). Effects on serotonin uptake and serotonin synthesis in rat brain in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6966931 TI - Influence of carbamazepine 10,11-oxide on drug metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 6966932 TI - Hemolysis in mice treated with deoxycoformycin, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. PMID- 6966935 TI - Protease inhibitor deficiencies in a patient with angio-oedema: results of family studies [proceedings]. PMID- 6966936 TI - The effect of methotrexate and hydroxyurea on neutrophil chemotaxis. AB - Methotrexate depresses motility of neutrophils in chamber membranes, but does not interfere with random motility in tubes. Hydroxyurea has no such effect. The therapeutic response to methotrexate in psoriasis may be due in part to a reduction in migration of neutrophils into the epidermis. PMID- 6966934 TI - Immunological aspects of psoriasis. IV. Presence of circulating immune complexes in patients before and after PUVA therapy; correlations with T-cell markers. AB - We investigated sixteen patients before and after 1 month of PUVA therapy (three times a week) for circulating immune complexes (CIC) and T-cell markers. CIC were detected by the PEG-C4 assay, using a laser nephelometry determination of polyethylene glycol (PEG, 3.5%) precipitated endogenous C4. T cells were evaluated by E rosettes, active E rosettes, anti-HTLA serum and ox EA gamma rosettes. This latter method investigated mainly T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (Tgamma-cells). After 1 month of PUVA-therapy: (a) the cutaneous lesions markedly improved; (b) the mean percentages of E rosettes, active E rosettes, and HTLA bearing cells, depressed before treatment, returned to normal; (c) CIC were found in higher amounts; (d) T gamma-cell numbers decreased simultaneously. The improvement of T-cell levels assessed by E rosettes, active E rosettes and HTLA values was correlated with clearing of skin lesions, as previously reported by others. However, the increase of CIC during PUVA therapy, their correlation with T gamma-cell decrease, and their possible role in the pathogenic chain of psoriasis remains uncertain. PMID- 6966933 TI - B and T lymphocytes in lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin. Effect of a thymic hormone on the immunocompetence of T lymphocytes. AB - Cell-mediated immunity using the E-rosette technique, the graft-versus-host reaction and intradermal skin tests were investigated in two groups of patients, twenty-two with benign lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin (lymphocytic infiltration of the skin and lymphadenosis benigna cutis) and nine with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases (mycosis fungoides and lymphoma cutis). The effect of thymic hormone upon T lymphocytes which proved to have impaired functional capacity was investigated. Seventeen of the twenty-two patients with benign lymphoproliferative diseases were found to have intact cellular immunity whereas seven of the nine patients with malignant disease proved to be immunodeficient. The determination of immune competence may be of help in establishing the correct diagnosis in doubtful cases and might also be useful in the follow-up of these patients. The improvement in functional capacity of T lymphocytes resulting from their interaction with a thymic hormone indicates that it holds therapeutic promise. PMID- 6966937 TI - Diffuse melanoma of the choroid. AB - An 81-year-old woman with good vision was followed up with the diagnosis of a minimally active melanoma. This tumour was eventually found to be a diffuse melanoma with extraocular extension. Diffuse melanomas of the uvea are difficult to diagnose, have frequent and early extrascleral extension, and have a poorer prognosis than most melanomas of the uveal tract. PMID- 6966938 TI - Identification of T and B lymphocytes in the human conjunctiva and lacrimal gland in ocular diseases. AB - The presence and localisation of T and B lymphocytes in biopsy specimens of human conjunctiva and lacrimal gland from 34 patients were studied in frozen sections. Eighteen patients had follicular conjunctivitis, 13 patients had Sjogren's syndrome, and 3 were normal. All cases of follicular conjunctivitis showed a similar picture. B cells were in higher number than T cells, but both types of lymphocytes were present in the infiltrates. In the developed follicles T cells occupied the periphery and B cells the central part of the infiltrates. In patients with Sjogren's syndrome the conjunctival biopsies showed a higher number of B lymphocytes. The number of T cells was higher in the lesions from Sjogren's syndrome than in cases of follicular conjunctivitis. The infiltrate in lacrimal gland biopsies showed T cells which were scattered while B cells were more numerous and formed clusters close to vessels. Normal conjunctiva and lacrimal gland showed no adherence of either sheep erythrocytes or human erythrocytes sensitised with antibody and complement. PMID- 6966939 TI - Effect of length and caffeine on isometric tetanus relaxation of frog sartorius muscles. AB - In an isometric tetanus of frog sartorius muscle the total relaxation time increased linearly with change in length from 0.7 to 1.4 times rest length. Maximal rate of relaxation, measured from the time derivative (dp/dt) of tension decay, decreased with both decrease and increase from rest length in correlation with the generated tetanus tension. Stretching the muscle did not significantly affect the times to maximal rate, positive and negative inflexion points but greatly increased the time to total relaxation from the negative inflexion point. Caffeine at 2 mM, acting on muscles at rest length, also slowed the relaxation and decreased the maximal rate of tension decay. However, caffeine increased the times to maximal rate, positive and negative inflexion points without significantly affecting time to total relaxation from the negative inflexion point. These results suggest that caffeine slows an earlier step in relaxation, while stretch slows a later step. It is proposed that muscle relaxation is a two step process: an initial step that is regulated by the rate of Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum, and a later step that is mostly controlled by the speed of dissociation of remaining cross-bridges. PMID- 6966940 TI - Visual-vestibular convergence in the vestibular nuclei of the cat. AB - Responses from neurons of the vestibular nuclei were recorded in N2O anaesthetized cats. Most neurons in the rostral parts of the nuclei responded to bimodal visual-vestibular stimulation, following a trapezoidal velocity profile. Both combinations of the two stimuli were tested: rotation of the animal with stationary visual field and rotation with overtaking visual field, i.e. the visual pattern running in the same direction as the turntable with twice the velocity. Some correlation of physiological data with results in corresponding psychophysical experiments were found. As a possible biological function of visual-vestibular convergence a phylogenetic solution for discrimination of body and outer world movement is discussed. PMID- 6966941 TI - [Effect of cobalt and copper o-phenanthroline complexes on electron transport and energy coupling activity in reaction centers and chromatophores of purple bacteria]. AB - The effects of cobalt and copper o-phenanthroline complexes on electron transfer and energy coupling activity in the reaction center and chromatophore preparations of purple bacteria were studied. In terms of their effects on the systems under study these complexes fall into two groups, i.e. cobalt complexes with a high electron transfer activity, which stimulate membrane energization, and copper complexes which contribute to the chromatophore membrane deenergization. Among a variety of complexes studied the perchlorate tris-o phenanthroline complex Co(II) and the chloride 4,7-diphenyl-o-phenanthroline complex Cu(II) were found to have the highest activity. Both cobalt and copper o phenanthroline complexes may be a promising tool for regulating bioenergetic processes. PMID- 6966942 TI - Two T lymphocyte subpopulations isolated from human peripheral blood following "in vitro" treatment with adenosine. AB - Incubation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with adenosine resulted in a decrease in the level of E-rosette forming cells (ERFC). Isolated ERFC rerosetted with sheep erythrocytes in the presence of adenosine yielded two T lymphocyte subpopulations: a major one, rosetting or "E(R)" and a minor one, non rosetting or "E(S)" T cells. Characterization of the two isolated subpopulations revealed that both E(R) and E(S) cells were positive for human T lymphocyte antigen. However, in contrast to E(R) cells, E(S) cells had low rosetting capacity, high spontaneous thymidine incorporation and low PHA proliferative response. PMID- 6966943 TI - [Activation of the anticoagulant system by prethrombin 2, a thrombin precursor]. AB - Prethrombin 2, and immediate precursor of thrombin, was obtained by limited trypsin or active factor X proteolysis by prethrombin 1. The conversion of prethrombin 1 to prethrombin 2 does not occur in the absence of enzymes. It has been shown that factor V has no influence on the rate of thrombin generation from prethrombin 2 and that prethrombin itself has no coagulant or esterase activity. Intravenous injection of prethrombin 2 preparations led to an increase in plasma recalcification time, overall fibrinolytic activity and non-enzymatic fibrinolysis. In addition, there was observed a considerable increase in fibrinogen-heparin complex activity. The data obtained indicate excitation of the anticoagulant system with intravenous injection of small doses of prethrombin 2. PMID- 6966944 TI - [Effect of auricular electroacupuncture on the motor manifestations of nociceptive reactions]. AB - The effect of low frequency auricular electroacupuncture (EAP) on electromyographic responses (EMGR) of the anterior belly of the digastruc muscle, elicited by stimulation of tooth pulp was studied in cat experiments. It was shown that observed augmentation of the EMGR amplitude produced by EAP depended on tonic activation of gamma-motoneurons of the muscle. This activation directly correlated with EAP intensity. At the same time the latent period of EMGR increased by one-two synapses on account of inhibiting shorter pathways in the afferent part of the reflex arch with intensive EAP. The inhibition of EAP induced augmentation of EMGR can be achieved by administration of small doses of barbiturates that potentiate the analgetic action of EAP. PMID- 6966946 TI - [Effect of anti-brain sera on the appearance of hypersensitivity of the delayed type and its adoptive transfer]. AB - The effect of rabbit immunosera against CBA mouse brain on lymphoid cells of guinea pigs was studied in experiments with adoptive transfer of hypersensitivity of the delayed type. In vitro treatment of the transferred cells abolished their capacity for adoptive transfer. Such an effect of the sera was not selective with respect to the sensitizing antigen, i. e. it was nonspecific. Pretreatment with sera blocked the development of local allergic reactions of the delayed type and did not affect reactions of the immediate type. PMID- 6966947 TI - A murine model system for the study of the human leukemia-associated inhibitory activity. AB - Mice inoculated with the RFV strain of Friend virus develop an erythroleukemia that spontaneously regresses. Bone marrow cells from leukemic mice produce a factor that inhibits colony formation in agar by normal CFU-Cs. CFU-Cs from leukemic animals are resistant to the factor. Bone marrow cells from some mice whose leukemia has regressed continue to produce the factor, and CFU-Cs from some regressed mice retain resistance to the factor. These observations dupllicate findings reported for patients with acute leukemias and those with leukemia in remission. The RFV system thus serves as an accurate experimental model for the study of hematopoietic cell interactions and the proliferative advantage of neoplastic cells in human leukemias. PMID- 6966945 TI - [Effect of exposure to stress on the role of T- and B-lymphocytes in the response of the hematopoietic system]. AB - Cellular composition of the bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood was studied after 6-hour immobilization on the back in experiments on 4 groups of (CBAxC57BL)F1 mice with varying degree of T lymphocyte deficiency (thymectomy, sham thymectomy, administration of antilymphocytic serum, B mice). The evidence obtained shows that the "lymphoid peak" recorded in the bone marrow during stress is likely to be formed at the expense of T and B lymphocyte migration from the peripheral lymphoid organs. The data have been also obtained, indicating that T lymphocytes migrating to the bone marrow during the first 6-9 hours after the exposure to stress may participate in granulocytopoiesis activation. PMID- 6966948 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding. The clinical presentations of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6966949 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding. Advances in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - The management of patients with major gastrointestinal haemorrhage remains a significant challenge. While technological advances have certainly occurred and will continue, it is likely that greater benefit will accrue from the application of simple measures than by any of these new techniques. For example, the concentration of these patients into a single unit dealing with this condition will probably lead to a greater reduction in the overall mortality rate than the application of laser photocoagulation, electrocoagulation, or any other of the methods described above. Finally, a wider recognition of the factors that lead to a poor prognosis following surgery (which remains the final management for most patients) and how they may be prevented should produce a reduction in the mortality rate. PMID- 6966950 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic diagnosis. AB - Emergency endoscopy is the most accurate method of diagnosis in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. As yet this increased diagnostic accuracy has not been shown to affect the final outcome and a double-contrast barium meal is almost as accurate in the diagnosis of chronic lesions. Nevertheless, the decision to operate on a bleeding patient is difficult to make without a diagnosis and this is most accurately made initially by endoscopy followed by angiography or a barium meal when necessary. PMID- 6966951 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding. Radiological diagnosis. AB - Gastrointestinal haemorrhage is a common clinical problem that often presents the clinician with difficulties in diagnosis. The increasingly important role of endoscopy has resulted in a change of emphasis in the radiological investigation of bleeding: while barium studies are still an important part of the investigative sequence in most patients they no longer occupy the central position in diagnosis they once held, despite considerable improvements in technique. At the same time angiography and interventional radiological techniques are becoming progressively more important in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal bleeding. In acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage angiography provides not only one of the most accurate techniques for the localization of bleeding (Boijsen and Reuter, 1967) but also the therapeutic option of embolization. In chronic gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin angiography may be the only modality of investigation that can successfully locate a microvascular abnormality. In the assessment of portal hypertension angiographic and interventional techniques may provide both physician and surgeon with information vital to the successful management of the patient. PMID- 6966953 TI - The acute abdomen following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. AB - Over a 5-year period, 9 patients (0.85 per cent) developed a major acute abdominal complication after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Difficulties in the initial recognition and diagnosis of these complications in sedated, ill patients are highlighted. A high index of suspicion is important in the early diagnosis of these complications. The numbers are too small for statistical analysis, but experience suggests that each case should be dealt with on its merits in accordance with common surgical practice and that operative management should not be rejected because the patient has recently undergone a major cardiac operation. PMID- 6966952 TI - Computed tomography in the elderly: I. The normal population. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) and brief psychometric findings on 50 psychiatrically and neurologically healthy community residents over 60 years old are presented. The need for normative CT data is emphasized, and the methodological problems in obtaining them are discussed. Measures of ventricular size were generally found to be greater than those reported by other workers, and variation with age was also found to be less marked than hitherto reported. A reciprocal relationship was found between a global rating of cortical atrophy and a test of memory and orientation. This communication forms the basis for comparison with groups of psychiatric patients to be presented in subsequent articles. PMID- 6966954 TI - The diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum by small bowel enema in the investigation of obscure intestinal bleeding. AB - A diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum was made by small bowel enema in a patient suffering from occult bleeding. Meckel's diverticulum is rarely seen on the standard small bowel follow-through and is unreliably detected by isotope studies in the adult. In the investigation of intestinal bleeding the diagnosis may be overlooked unless a small bowel enema is performed. It is recommended that it be performed before arteriography if colonoscopy is normal. PMID- 6966955 TI - Diagnosis of intestinal duplication by 99Tcm-pertechnetate scanning. AB - A case is described of a 19-month-old boy who presented with melaena. Intestinal duplication was diagnosed by 99Tcm-pertechnetate scanning and was confirmed at operation 2 years later, when the child was admitted with intestinal perforation. The technique is a reliable, non-invasive method for diagnosing ectopic gastric mucosa and is recommended in all cases of unexplained rectal bleeding in children. PMID- 6966957 TI - Chemoprophylaxis for contacts of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. PMID- 6966958 TI - Dorsal column stimulation in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6966956 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis: a contagious disease of children. AB - The families of 126 consecutive patients with Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis were surveyed for secondary invasive H influenzae disease among household contacts. A total of 120 of the families were contacted. In six cases no contact was possible and the medical record was reviewed. Some 555 household contacts were found; 31% (171) were under 5 years of age. A secondary case was defined as a household contact with H influenzae type B isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid more than 24 hours, but less than 30 days, after admission to hospital of the index case. Four secondary cases were identified, all in children aged under 5 years. The secondary attack rate in children under 5 years or less in the month after exposure to an index case was thus 2.3%, 800 times the endemic attack rate for H influenzae meningitis. This is a conservative estimate since five additional contact cases were documented, but not included in the secondary attack rate. Young contacts of a child with H influenzae meningitis are thus at significant risk of life-threatening secondary disease. PMID- 6966959 TI - Massive bleeding from the large bowel. PMID- 6966961 TI - Ultrastructural studies on Purkinje cells of the frog tadpole cerebellum. AB - The Purkinje cells of the premetamorphic frog tadpole cerebellum were studied with the transmission electron microscope. At this stage of histogenesis, when the external granular layer is yet to be formed, their maturational state varied greatly from randomly oriented cells with a thin rim of cytoplasm to well-formed cells with an abundance of organelle-rich cytoplasm and well-developed dendrites. The well-developed cells were seen in the apical (marginal) region of the cerebellar plate and the poorly developed cells in the basal region. Climbing fibers and other unidentified processes formed synapses on the well-developed Purkinje cell somata and somatic dendrites and on the spines and smooth surfaces of the primary dendrites. PMID- 6966960 TI - T lymphoid cells in primary syphilis. Quantitative studies. AB - In previous studies to assess the role of cell-mediated immunity in Treponema pallidum infection investigations of delayed type skin hypersensitivity tests, lymphocyte transformation test, leucocyte migration inhibition tests, and histological studies of the reticuloendothelial system have been performed. In this study, the numbers of T (thymus-dependent ) lymphoid cells in 10 patients with primary syphilis (eight untreated) were estimated by the rosette technique. Results indicate a significant decrease in the number of T lymphoid cells in patients with primary syphilis. PMID- 6966962 TI - Ascending components of the medial forebrain bundle from the lower brain stem in the rat, with special reference to raphe and catecholamine cell groups. A study by the HRP method. AB - The afferent connection of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) arising from the lower brain stem have been investigated by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with sensitive substrate, the injection was made iontophoretically into MFB at various levels. After injection of HRP into MFB, a significant number of HRP labeled neurons were observed in the following structures of the lower brain stem: (1) raphe nuclear group, (2) locus coeruleus, (3) n. laterodorsalis tegmenti, (4) parabrachial area, (5) A1, A2, A4, A5 and A7 areas where noradrenaline-containing neurons were disseminated, (6) A8, A9 and A10 areas which contain dopamine neurons, (7) surrounding area of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis at the level of the n. propositus hypoglossi, (8) n. prepositus hypoglossi and (9) mesencephalic gray matter. As a rule, the ascending projections are ipsilateral and course in the medial part of MFB. Regarding the raphe nuclei, we have demonstrated that the caudal raphe nuclei, such as n. raphe magnus and obscurus (but not n. raphe pallidus), also send their axons to the hypothalamus. Particularly, the axons of n. raphe magnus ascend in MFB to reach the level of the preoptic or anterior septal areas. Furthermore, in accordance with previous reports, HRP-labeled cells were also identified in the n. raphe dorsalis, centralis superior and pontis, respectively. It should be further noted that labeled cells appeared in the n. linearis caudalis. In addition, the present study indicates a number of non-aminergic cell groups as sources of ascending mfb fibers. On the whole, the present study further clarified the organization of the components of the MFB ascending from the lower brain stem, and provided some additional anatomical substrates for the physiology of the control of the forebrain by the lower brain stem neurons. PMID- 6966963 TI - Impaired cell-mediated immunity function in thyroid cancer. AB - Immunological parameters were studied in 31 patients with thyroid cancer. Serum immunoglobulin levels, T and B cell percentages in peripheral blood, showed no significant difference as compared with those of control group. The blastogenesis with phytohemagglutinin P (PHA) was significantly reduced, especially, in those having larger tumor size or metastasis or in those over age 60. The positive rate of skin test with purified-protein-derivative (PPD) and Streptokinase Streptodornase (SK-SD) was also markedly reduced. The impaired blastogenesis of lymphocyte and reduced positive rate of skin test in those cancer patients suggested that the cell-mediated immunity function, in spite of adequate count of T-cells, was impaired. PMID- 6966964 TI - Leukocyte migration inhibition of leukemia-associated antigen in children with acute leukemia and their family members. AB - The leukocyte migration inhibition assay has been widely used as an in vitro test cell mediated immunity to various substances. Using a leukemic cell line (RPMI 8402) as the source of antigen, we assayed leukocyte migration inhibition in seven children with acute lymphocytic leukemic (ALL), their family members (14 patients and 13 siblings), and 17 healthy adult controls. In six families, the patients showed stronger inhibition than their family members or controls. The patients differed significantly from their family members (P = 0.003) and all other persons without leukemia (P = 0.02). These results suggest that patients with ALL have developed a specific cellular immune reactivity to an antigen or antigens on leukemic cells, while their family members have not. PMID- 6966965 TI - Indirect rosette microassay to characterize human melanoma-associated antigens recognized by operationally specific xenoantisera. AB - The indirect rosette assay which detects the interaction of antibodies with target cells by their ability to rosette with sheep red blood cells chemically coated with purified anti-immunoglobulin antibodies or with protein A from Staphylococcus aureus has been used to analyze xenoantisera to human melanoma associated antigens. The test has been developed as a microassay and performed in microtiter plates, thus facilitating the screening of large numbers of samples. When modified as an inhibition assay, the assay has been successfully used (a) to compare the specificities of xenoantisera elicited with cultured melanoma cells, hybrids derived from the fusion of cultured human melanoma cells, and murine fibroblasts and melanoma-associated antigens purified by biochemical procedures and (b) to investigate the relationship of melanoma-associated antigens with beta 2-microglobulin and HLA antigens on the membrane of melanoma cells. PMID- 6966966 TI - Comparison of the toxicity and metabolism of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2 fluoroadenine and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine in human lymphoblastoid cells. PMID- 6966967 TI - Epidermal growth factor stimulation of human breast cancer cells in culture. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a polypeptide found in human and animal blood and secretions, has been found to stimulate a variety of tissues in vitro including normal and malignant rodent mammary epithelium and human breast epithelial cells and fibroadenoma. We have studied the influence of EGF on malignant human breast tissue with a model system comprising human breast carcinoma cells growing in tissue culture. EGF stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells in serum-free medium. After 7 days in culture, a 2-fold increase in cell number and DNA content and a 3-fold increase in total protein were observed in cells incubated with EGF (10 ng/ml). As little as 0.01 ng/ml of EGF stimulated growth; 10 ng/ml was maximal. EGF effects on growth were noted for cells plated at a high as well as sparse (cloning) density. EGF also stimulated the rates of thymidine, uridine, and leucine incorporation into macromolecules in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Stimulation of uridine and leucine incorporation was evident by 3 hr, whereas EGF stimulation of thymidine incorporation was delayed until 12 to 18 hr. EGF increased the proportion of cells active in DNA synthesis by nearly 2-fold. The combination of optimal concentrations of insulin (also a growth factor for these cells) and EGF did not stimulate growth above that seen with either hormone alone, suggesting a common step in their mechanism of action. The EGF effect was not dependent on the presence of serum and was not enhanced by dexamethasone as reported for other types of cells. EGF had no effect on another human breast cancer cell line, the MDA-231. These studies suggest that growth of some human breast cancers may be influenced by EGF. PMID- 6966968 TI - Modulation of immunological competence in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-sensitive SWR/J mice during colorectal carcinogenesis. PMID- 6966969 TI - Association of host immunity with 5-fluorouracil-initiated cure of plasmacytoma LPC-1 in BALB/c mice. PMID- 6966970 TI - [T and B lymphocyte population in potential diabetes patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6966972 TI - Qualitative and quantitative freeze-fracture studies on olfactory and nasal respiratory structures of frog, ox, rat, and dog. I. A general survey. AB - A comparative study using freeze-fracturing has been made of surface structures of olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelia of frog, ox, rat and dog. Special attention has been paid to cilia and microvilli present at these surfaces, although the observations include various other structures such as small intracellular vacuoles present in the olfactory receptor endings and infrequent brush cells. Within the mucus overlying the olfactory epithelium membranous vesicles, often attached to olfactory cilia, are seen. Some of these show intramembranous particle distributions similar to those of the rest of the cilia, whereas others are devoid of particles. Smooth vesicles are also found in the mucus of other types of epithelium (respiratory epithelium and Bowman's glands). The freeze-fracture morphology of intracellular secretory vacuoles present in olfactory supporting, Bowman's and respiratory glandular cells of the frog is similar in all these epithelia. Quantitative comparisons are made of the different structures of interest. When corrected for cilia which were not observed, mammalian receptor endings bear 17 cilia on average, whereas frog receptor endings have 6 cilia. The relative magnitudes of the diameters of the cilia and microvilli are, except for frog, the same for all species studied. Dimensions of other structures, e.g., axons, dendrites and dendritic endings are compared in the various species. Freeze-fracture diameters are usually larger than those seen by techniques using dehydration. Dendritic ending densities range from 4.5 X 10(6) (frog) to 8.3 X 10(6) (dog) endings per cm2. Possible sex dependent differences are only found for these densities and dendritic ending diameters. PMID- 6966971 TI - Cell junctions with funnels in the olfactory mucosa of frogs (Rana temporaria L.). AB - A characteristic structure in the apical junctional belt of the olfactory epithelium in Rana temporaria is visible in freeze-fracture preparations. This structure is described as a "funnel with channel across the junctional belt". It is supposed to represent a possible way for "discarding used molecules" after stimulation, and to allow the stimulation of free nerve endings in the depth of olfactory epithelia. PMID- 6966973 TI - Phagocytic activity of the stellate cells in the anuran pars intermedia. AB - In an attempt to study further the stellate cell and its functions, the ultrastructure of this cell type in the neurointermediate lobe of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, was examined in both organ and dissociated-cell culture. The cytoplasmic activity of stellate cells from neurointermediate lobes incubated 3 1/2 or 5 1/2 h was greater than that of those in vivo. Mitochondria and bundles of cytoplasmic filaments were numerous, in addition to prominent, well-developed Golgi complexes with associated vesicles. The most striking ultrastructural feature was the presence of phagocytic vacuoles that contain cellular debris. The stellate cells were seen to form cytoplasmic processes that phagocytosed this extracellular debris identifiable as belonging to the secretory cells of the pars intermedia. The stellate cells from the dissociated-cell preparations were also seen to contain debris within phagocytic vacuoles. In those neurointermediate lobes transplanted for 3 1/2 to 4 days into the anterior chamber of the eye, the stellate cells demonstrated similar phagocytic ability, but the phagocytic vacuoles contained material that seemed to be at a later stage of degradation. In all three of these conditions, the stellate cells were not seen to release this cellular debris nor were they seen to undergo cell division. These glial-like stellate cells of the pars intermedia acted as macrophages in all three of these experiments. There is now, therefore, a need to determine under what conditions, if any, these stellate cells function in vivo as macrophages. PMID- 6966975 TI - Selective stimulation by mitogens of incorporation of 35S-methionine into a family of proteins released into the medium by 3T3 cells. PMID- 6966974 TI - Expression of differentiation antigens in subpopulations of mouse thymocytes: regulation at the level of de novo synthesis. PMID- 6966976 TI - Effect of mouse lymphotoxin on radiation-damaged cells. PMID- 6966977 TI - Specificity, avidity, and size of B-lymphocyte populations during ontogeny. PMID- 6966978 TI - Thymic cell migration in the subnodular spaces of draining lymph nodes of rats. PMID- 6966979 TI - The detection of Fc-IgA receptors on T and non-T, non-B acute leukemic lymphoblasts. PMID- 6966980 TI - Augmentation of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody production by hapten-reactive helper T lymphocytes. PMID- 6966982 TI - Quantitation of the main metabolites of vitamin D in a single serum sample. I. Extraction, separation and purification of metabolites. AB - A method for extraction, separation and purification of the main serum metabolites of vitamin D from a single serum sample is described. The method involved extraction of serum by diethylether and separation and purification of vitamin D, 25-OHD and the dihydroxymetabolites 24,25-(OH)2D, 25,26-(OH),2D and 1,25-(OH)2D by elution in three steps from a short open silicic acid column. The eluted vitamin D metabolites were further separated and purified by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC systems described separated the D2 and D3 forms of vitamin D, 25-OHD, 1,25-(OH)2D, and probably also 24,25-(OH)2D and 25,26 (OH)2D. The metabolites were purified by the methods described for further quantitation by UV-absorption or competitive protein binding assays, and were found to be homogenous on re-chromatography with different HPLC systems. Good recoveries were obtained for all the metabolites. PMID- 6966981 TI - [Remarks suggested by a case of anencephaly with a different Pi type in fetal and maternal blood (author's transl)]. AB - In an African woman who gave birth to an anencephalic foetus at the 28th week, the maternal blood (S.M.), the amniotic fluid (L.A.) and the cord blood (S.C.) were studied. The same fluids from a normal pregnancy and the blood from a normal woman of the same age were also studied. Alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT) was assayed: it was similar in the subject and the controls. When the phenotype of the A1AT was examined it was found to be ML in S.C., MM in S.M. and L.A. (suggesting a maternal origin of the A1AT of the L.A.). This distribution of the fraction of A1AT was similar for S.M. and L.A. (a new finding) but different for the S.C. (was the latter a result of the anencephaly?). PMID- 6966983 TI - Familial temperature sensitive alpha 1 protease inhibitor (M1Anaheim). AB - An alpha 1 protease inhibitor which is sensitive to increased temperatures and which migrates in the same position as the normal M1 phenotype, has been identified. The sensitivity of the trypsin inhibitory capacity is an inherited characteristic, which is enhanced by acid conditions, as well as conditions during isoelectric focusing. Loss of the serum trypsin inhibitory capacity is not parallel to that of the serum elastase capacity, suggesting that the inhibitory sites for these proteases are oriented differently within the alpha 1 protease inhibitor molecule. PMID- 6966984 TI - 11-deoxycortisol in amniotic fluid: prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - The mean control level of 11-deoxycortisol as determined by radioimmunoassay in eighty-one human amniotic fluid samples was 1.20 +/- 0.07 ng/ml. Markedly elevated levels were found at term in amniotic fluid of two pregnancies with fetuses affected with 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (135.0 and 64.0 ng/ml respectively) as well as in the maternal serum of one of these cases (28.0 ng/ml). It is suggested that the determination of 11 deoxycortisol in amniotic fluid be a prenatal diagnostic test for 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 6966985 TI - 'Type 2 response' in 21-hydrocylase deficiency. PMID- 6966986 TI - Analysis of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in juvenile-onset diabetics. AB - In juvenile-onset diabetics (JOB) subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood have been analysed by the E-rosetting technique. We determined the number of 'low', 'intermediate' and 'high affinity' ('active') rosette forming T-cells by the use of three different lymphocyte:sheep red blood cell ratios in the assay. When comparing the percentage and absolute number of peripheral T-cells between twenty well controlled JODs and twenty normal persons a slight reduction was found in diabetics. Of the three T-lymphocyte subpopulations only active rosette forming cells appeared to be affected. We conclude that minor differences exist in number and characteristics of peripheral blood T-cells between well controlled JODs and normal persons. PMID- 6966987 TI - Human blood lymphocyte subpopulations from birth to eight years. AB - Total lymphocyte counts and the number of SmIg positive and E-rosetting cells in the blood of 103 healthy Brazilian children between birth and eight years and fifty-one healthy adults were compared. A high number of total lymphocytes were observed during the first year of life and decreased thereafter to reach adult values by the age of seven years. The proportion of SmIg positive cells was high in the newborn, further increased during the second trimester and remained unchanged up to the end of the first year of life. Thereafter they gradually decreased reaching adult levels by the age of three years. The percentage of E rosetting cells was low in the newborn and young children and increased after the second year of life to reach adult levels by the age of seven years. The absolute number of both lymphocyte subpopulations changes with approximately the same pattern as the total lymphocyte counts. PMID- 6966988 TI - Age-related impairment of the in vitro antibody response in the human. AB - We have used trinitrophenyl polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAA) to induce a primary in vitro antibody response toward TNP in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from aged individuals. The response was virtually non-existent whereas PBL from young control individuals were able to respond. Recombination experiments showed that: (1) aged PBL did not suppress the response of young PBL; (2) young T cells enhanced the response of aged (unfractionated or T-depleted) cells; (3) aged T cells were unable to restore the response of young T-depleted cells, in contrast to young allogeneic T cells. Upon stimulation with Concanavalin A (Con A) aged PBL displayed a moderately diminished proliferative response and a normal ability to suppress the anti-TNP response of autologous PBL (in the few responders). However, contrasting with young PBL they could not suppress the anti TNP response of young allogeneic PBL. PMID- 6966990 TI - Spontaneous mouse erythrocyte-rosette formation: correlation with surface immunoglobulin phenotype in hairy-cell leukaemia. AB - Mouse-rosette formation was investigated in a variety of leukaemias and lymphomas, and it was found that this phenomenon was restricted to the B lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and hairy-cell leukaemia. Eighteen of nineteen cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia expressed the mouse receptor, but only eight of fifteen cases of hairy-cell leukaemia showed significant mouse rosette formation by peripheral blood cells. A much higher percentage of splenic hairy cells, compared with peripheral blood cells, formed mouse rosettes, but receptor expression was found to be dependent on the surface immunoglobulin (SIg) phenotype. Cases forming mouse rosettes had multiple heavy chain isotypes including IgD on the surface, but the ontogenically more mature SIgG-only cells from other cases failed to form rosettes, whether from peripheral blood or spleen. Cultured hairy cells lost the ability to form mouse rosettes, and receptor expression by peripheral blood hairy cells fluctuated widely in the days following splenectomy. The results suggest that the mouse erythrocyte receptor is an early marker in B cell differentiation and that receptor expression by individual cells may depend on the age of the cell. PMID- 6966989 TI - Fluctuations in the T and B characteristics of two cases of T-cell hairy-cell leukaemia. AB - A new case of hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) in which the hairy cells (HCs) formed spontaneous sheep erythrocyte (E) rosettes is described, and this E-rosette formation is shown to be an active process independent of surface immunoglobulin (SIg). Sequential studies with a panel of markers of this and of a case of HCL with T-cell features previously described from this laboratory show that both these cases, at certain times of study, possessed combined T- and B-cell features. Extensive follow-up study revealed wide fluctuations in the surface phenotype of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells, while the total leucocyte count remained stable. At various times, the PB mononuclear cells showed the following phenotypes: E+SIg+gamma Fc+C3-, E-SIg-gamma Fc+C3-, E+SIg-gamma Fc+/-C3 , and the significance of these phenotypic changes is discussed. The importance of sequential studies with a panel of markers in the characterization of lymphoproliferative disorders is emphasized. PMID- 6966991 TI - The E-rosette augmenting factor (E-RAF): aspects of clinical application. AB - It has recently been demonstrated that antigen- or mitogen-stimulated normal lymphocytes release a soluble E-rosette augmenting factor (E-RAF) which enhances E-rosette formation. Using this enhanced E-rosette formation as an immunologic marker, we studied lymphocytes from twelve normal volunteers, ten patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and one male patient with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). These studies confirmed the observation that lymphocytes from normal donors respond to mitogen or specific antigen stimulation by release of E-RAF and increased E-rosette formation. Lymphocytes from the SCID patient were unable to release the soluble factor following mitogenic stimulation and increased E-rosette formation did not occur. Furthermore, our data indicated that short-term incubation (18 hr) of normal lymphocytes in mitogen (PHA or Con A)-derived supernatant fluids containing the soluble factor may offer a reliable and highly reproducible assay technique for total E-rosettes. PMID- 6966992 TI - Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumours. III. Demonstration of a qualitative lymphocyte abnormality in patients with primary brain tumours. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from patients with primary intracranial tumours respond poorly when stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) as compared to lymphocytes from control subjects. This defect could not be corrected by employing purified thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) obtained from the peripheral blood of these patients. Moveover, neither increasing the number of lymphocytes placed in culture nor the duration of culture (3-6 days) corrected the defect. Preincubation of these lymphocytes for 24 hr in media supplemented with human AB sera followed by stimulation with PHA did not result in an increase in blast transformation when compared to cells which were not preincubated. However, when the percentage of sheep red blood cell rosetting lymphocytes was determined in a similar type of experiment a marked decrease in the ability of lymphocytes from patients with brain tumours to form rosettes was noted. Quantitation of the number of L-PHA binding sites on lymphocytes from patients with brain tumors revealed that these lymphocytes had approximately twice as many receptor sites per cell as did control lymphocytes suggesting either membrane alterations or changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6966994 TI - Mouse RBC rosettes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: different expression in blood and tissues. AB - Mouse RBC (M) rosettes were investigated on lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PB) and various tissues in twenty patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and one with follicular lymphoma. In all cases studied, the percentage of M rosettes was significantly higher in PB (median 64%) than in bone marrow (median 15%) and lymph node (median 12%). These differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The possibility that these differences were related to technical factors was ruled out by a number of control procedures. It is suggested that the different expression of M rosette formation reflects the property which determines whether a lymphocyte enters the peripheral blood or remains fixed in the tissues. PMID- 6966995 TI - Human lymphocyte markers defined by antibodies derived from somatic cell hybrids. I. A hybridoma secreting antibody against a marker specific for human B lymphocytes. AB - A hybridoma has been isolated from the products of fusion of a myeloma cell line with spleen cells from mice immunized with a human B cell line. After cloning, the hybridoma secretes antibody with the following properties: (i) Human B lymphoblastoid cell lines react with the antibody while T and null cell lines do not. (ii) The antibody reacts with the majority of leucocytes in the blood of patients with CLL, but with a minority of cells in the blood of patients with AML or ALL of the null or T type. (iii) The antibody reacts with 9-21% of mononuclear cells in normal peripheral blood. The reacting cells are not T cells and overlap extensively with cells identified as B cells by other markers. The antigen identified by this antibody appears to be distinct from known B cell markers, and is put forward as a new B cell marker with diagnostic potential. PMID- 6966996 TI - [Ant-inflammatory or antirheumatic agents? The pharmacological activity and therapeutic effectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: comparative study. I]. PMID- 6966993 TI - Expression of blood group-like antigens on the T lymphocytes of acute leukaemia patients in remission. AB - A number of previous studies have described antibodies in normal sera reactive to human leukaemia cells. In the course of studies on humoral immunity to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells it was noticed that sera from normal subjects were cytotoxic in complement lysis and leucocyte dependent antibody (LDA) assays to blood leucocytes from patients with AML in remission. Investigation of these reactions in eleven patients with acute leukaemia in complete or partial remission revealed that reactivity occurred most frequently between sera from normal blood group O or B subjects and leucocytes from patients of blood group A (five patients). Leucocytes from blood group O patients were largely unreactive. Blood leucocytes from five of six patients in relapse did not react with normal sera. Subsequent studies revealed that the antigens were detected only on T lymphocytes. Reactivity could be removed by absorption on red cells of blood group A but not sheep or Ox red blood cells suggesting the antigens concerned were closely related to blood group A antigens. Some reactivity with antisera to the blood group H antigens was also evident in these studies. Gel filtration studies indicated that lymphocyte dependent antibody mediated cytotoxicity was mediated by IgG antibodies while complement dependent lysis was mainly mediated by IgM antibodies. The biological significance of these findings has yet to be determined but these results suggest that reactivity with blood group antigens needs to be considered in in vitro cytotoxicity studies involving leucocytes from leukaemia patients. PMID- 6966997 TI - Photodermatitis with PABA. PMID- 6966998 TI - Amyldimethylamino benzoic acid causing lipstick dermatitis. PMID- 6966999 TI - Investigation of the determinants of nuclear pore number. AB - To assess the functional significance of nuclear pore complexes, we have investigated whether the number of pores per nucleus is determined by such factors as the nuclear volume, nuclear surface area, DNA content, or aspects of nuclear activity. Comparisons were made between cell types chosen to permit observation of differences in nuclear pore number as a function of differences in the other qualities measured. The number of nuclear pores was determined by freeze-etching and measurements of nuclear surface and nuclear volume by electron and light microscopy. Pairs of cell strains in culture that contained different numbers of chromosome sets were investigated to examine the relation of pore number to total DNA content. Tetraploid cells of the rat kangaroo (Potorous tridactylus) have almost exactly twice the number of pores found in the parental diploid strain. However, the pore number in diploid grassfrog (Rana pipiens) cells was only 65% greater than in the parental haploid cells. In addition, a polyploid series of nucleated RBC had a 62% pore number increase with each successive increase in ploidy. Diploid cell strains from the canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus) and from the cactus mouse (P. eremicus) were compared to test whether a difference reflecting the 36% additional DNA in cells of the latter, associated with extra heterochromatin, existed. Although both were found to have the same number of pores and nuclear surface area, the cells differed in nuclear volume. These observations suggest that the number of nuclear pores is independent of the total amount of nuclear DNA, the nuclear surface area (and, thus, presumably the fraction of DNA that is bound to the nuclear membrane), the nuclear volume, and the size of the genome. Rather, the number of nuclear pores appears to be associated with some aspect of nuclear metabolic activity, e.g., transcriptional capacity or release of products to the cytoplasm. Further evidence for such a view comes from studies of chick embryo erythroblasts. In these, nuclear pore number was found to be lower in associated with the decreasing nuclear transcriptional activity and longer generation times that characterize the successive cell divisions leading to the fully differentiated state. The number of pore complexes reconstructed in the last cell cycles declined in a manner consistent with reutilization of previously formed pores in the absence of new pore synthesis. Challenging this interpretation is the increase in pore number at lower metabolic activity when Xenopus laevis cells are grown at different temperatures. The speculation that pore complexes have a longer half-life in cooler grown Xenopus cells could resolve the discrepancy. PMID- 6967000 TI - Differences between "spontaneous" and induced sister-chromatid exchanges with fixation time and their chromosome localization. AB - Mean "spontaneous" SCE values have been investigated in synchronized CHO and S3/4 fibroblasts and in phytostimulated human peripheral lymphocytes. Significant increases were found at progressive fixation times following BrdU introduction in all cultures. Similar increases were observed with fixation times in SCEs induced by pulse treatment with methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) at various stages in the S period in CHO cells. In the fibroblast cultures these increases ranged from 20 to 80% with an 8-h interval between fixations. The percentage increase depended on the real proliferation occurring during this fixation interval. In the lymphocyte cultures, fixation intervals raning from 22 to 54 h yielded increases of 40 to 80%. It is proposed that when SCE yields are compared in the SCE test for potentially damaging agents, the stages in cell proliferation expressed as frequencies of first, second, and third mitoses after BrdU incorporation should be taken into account. The distribution of "spontaneous" and MMS-induced SCE's have been examined in marker chromosomes of the CHO cells. Although "spontaneous" SCE's are nonrandomly distributed, they do not appear to show a high incidence over any specific type of banded region. MMS-induced SCEs, on the other hand, are preferentially located over those chromosome sites in replication at the time of pulse treatment. PMID- 6967001 TI - Derivatives of 3'- and 5'-deoxyadenosine: their inhibitory activity against DNA viruses. AB - 3'-Deoxyadenosine, 3'-amino-3'-deoxyadenosine (3'3'), nine derivatives therefrom, two derivatives of 5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine and three derivates of 3', 5' dideoxyadenosine were tested in cell culture for antiviral activity against three DNA viruses: adenovirus 5, herpesvirus hominis 1, and vaccinia virus. Cytotoxicity was also assessed. (3'3') derivatives affected the multiplication of all three viruses similarly. Those which were effective were also cytotoxic at the same or slightly higher concentration. Substitution or other molecular modification of (3'3') tend to lower the biological activity. The presence of an adenosine deaminase inhibitor enhanced both antiviral activity against adenovirus 5 and cytotoxicity in (3'3') compounds, but not in the others. Both 5'-amino-5' deoxyadenosine compounds were active against vaccinia virus only. Of the three 3', 5'-dideoxyadenosines, only one had both cytotoxic and antiviral activity. Most, if not all, seemingly antiviral effects appear to be caused by inhibition of the cell metabolism. PMID- 6967002 TI - [Effect of planned treatment policy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding using endoscopic neodymium-YAG laser therapy (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective trial with and without laser therapy the outcome on 105 patients was evaluated according to a defined protocol and terminology. Only patients with actively bleeding lesions during early endoscopy had laser therapy. Patients showing evidence of recent bleeding or no bleeding had none. Defects of the laser equipment or impossibility of reaching a bleeding lesion prevented its use in some patients (control group). There was no difference concerning rate of recurrent bleeding or mortality. Controlled trials with defined groups of patients are urgently needed. PMID- 6967003 TI - [Influence of left atrial pressure on left ventricular function after extracorporeal circulation (author's transl)]. AB - In 10 patients with coronary heart disease, in 9 with advanced mitral and in 11 with aortic valve disease left ventricular function curves were constructed by volume loading immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass. After aortocoronary bypass surgery an approximately linear correlation between both cardiac index and stroke volume index and left ventricular filling pressure was demonstrated. After aortic and mitral valve replacement increase in left ventricular filling pressure above 15 mm Hg failed to result in significant increase in CI and SVI. Apparently, volume loading has limited effects in regulating left ventricular function in advanced aortic and mitral valve disease. PMID- 6967004 TI - Colonic fistulization in pancreatitis: case report and literature review. AB - A case is reported in which pancreatic abscess with erosion into the colon and the splenic artery was treated successfully. The 35 previously reported cases of colonic fistulization in pancreatitis are reviewed, and the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of this complication are discussed. PMID- 6967005 TI - Esophageal tamponade in the treatment of bleeding varices. A decadel progress report. AB - Previous reports from this hospital in 1958 and 1967 have revealed that esophageal tamponade is a relatively dangerous type of treatment. Other investigators have been able to avoid many of the hazards of this technique. We have again assessed our results in 50 episodes of esophageal tamponade in bleeding esophageal varices in 39 patinets. Thirty-seven had alcoholic cirrhosis, one Wilson's disease, and one portal vein thrombosis. The diagnosis of variceal hemorrhage was established by endoscopy or angiography in virtually all. The great majority (86%) had had unsuccessful infusions of vasopressin previously. The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube (SBT) was used in 41 and the Linton tube (LT) in nine. Hemorrhage was controlled for at least 24 consecutive hours in 20 episodes (40%). Ninety percent of the patients died. Rupture of the esophagus following inflation of the gastric balloon in the esophagus caused three deaths (8%). Major nonfatal complications such as aspiration pneumonia occurred on five other occasions. Although the complications of esophageal tamponade were greatly reduced from our previous series, the efficacy of esophageal tamponade also decreased. There were no significant differences in the efficacy or complications of the SBT and LT. The high mortality and complication rates are still discouraging. We believe that the role of esophageal tamponade in the treatment of hemorrhage from varices is a secondary one. PMID- 6967006 TI - Idiopathic cecal ulcer. Diagnosis by colonoscopy followed by nonoperative management. AB - Idiopathic ulcer of the cecum has been considered a rare condition requiring surgical treatment because of a high incidence of complications, including bowel perforation. Cecal ulcerations are usually diagnosed at the time of surgery for presumed appendicitis or peritonitis of unknown origin. Preoperative diagnosis of cecal ulcer by barium enema has been unreliable and previous literature cites only one case diagnosed by colonoscopy. We describe four cases in which the diagnosis was made at colonoscopy. Three of our four patients were treated conservatively and did not require laparotomy. Idiopathic cecal ulcer should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage as well as atypical appendicitis. If the diagnosis of cecal ulcer is made by colonoscopy in a patient without evidence of an acute abdomen, conservative management may be followed by complete healing, avoiding unnecessary surgery. PMID- 6967007 TI - Use and abuse of corticosteroids in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6967008 TI - Serum trypsin inhibitory capacity in sickle cell disease. PMID- 6967009 TI - Decreased plasma cortisol response to pharmacological stimuli after glucose load in man. AB - The influence of glucose administration on plasma cortisol level after its elevation by pharmacological and physiological interventions in healthy male volunteers was studied. The increase of plasma cortisol after 1 g of L dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) failed to be significant. However, after a concomitant oral administration of 100 g glucose, a fall of cortisol level significant also vs. initial control values was observed. The infusion of beta adrenergic blocking agent (propranolol) enhanced the cortisol response to physical exercise. However, the glucose given before propranolol infusion abolished the enhancement of cortisol response induced by this drug. The mechanism of the inhibitory effects of glucose remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6967010 TI - Steroid metabolism in pregnant hamster. I. Metabolism of [4-14C] pregnenolone and [4-14C] progesterone by hamster placental tissue in vitro. AB - Quartered placentae from 12- and 15-day pregnant hamsters were incubated with 14C labelled pregnenolone and progesterone and products of their conversion, were identified by chromatographic and isotope dilution methods. Pregnenolone was converted to progesterone, 7 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, 7 alpha hydroxyprogesterone, 3 alpha--hydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one, 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, 5 beta-pregnane 3,20-dione and 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione. Except for 7 alpha hydroxypregnenolone, the same metabolites were identified in incubates of the placental tissue with progesterone. Thus, the activity of delta 5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and delta 5 leads to 4 isomerase, 7 alpha hydroxylase, 3 beta- and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta 4-5 beta- and delta 4-5 alpha-reductase enzyme systems was shown in hamster placenta. The formation of androgens from pregnenolone, progesterone and their 17-hydroxy derivatives was not observed. There was also no evidence for the formation of estrogens from the above C-21 steroid precursors. PMID- 6967011 TI - Differences in growth and thyroid activity persisting in adult rats reared in nests of different sizes during suckling period. AB - The undernutrition or overnutrition during a suckling period achieved by adjusting the number of infants per lactating rat to 4 (overfed-0), 8 (control-C) or 14 (underfed-U) resulted in long lasting differences in body weight. The consumption of the diet in 260-day old males and females was similar in all experimental groups if expressed per unit of body weight, thus suggesting the differences in energy utilization. An increase of thyroid hormone secretion rate was found in U rats aged 30, 120 and 300 days as compared to 0 ones. Serum TSH level was also higher in U rats at the age of 30 days and 1 year. However, serum thyroxine level in U groups was either higher or similar as in controls. Paper chromatography of thyroglobulin hydrolyzate 24 h after 125I injection to 300 days old males showed a decrease of radioactivity in iodide area in U animals and an increase in triiodothyronine area in 0 animals. The analysis of thyroglobulin from 200 days old females on linear sucrose gradient did not reveal any rough change in its iodination. The results indicate an increase of thyroid activity in adult, previously moderately underfed male and female rats. Some changes in feedback sensitivity of hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis may presumably also occur in these animals. PMID- 6967012 TI - Effect of some oxytocin analogues on natriuresis in rats. AB - Non-anaesthetized rats were used for studying the relationship between the amount of sodium excreted and structural modifications of oxytocin molecule. Any change performed in position 4 (i.e. the glutamine residue) resulted in a decrease of natriuretic activity as compared to that of oxytocin. The analogues with modifications in the amino-terminal part of the molecule (e.g. substitution of the amino group in position 1 by hydrogen, or of the disulfide bond by a thioether group) resulted in a higher natriuretic effect than oxytocin. PMID- 6967013 TI - Effect of propylthiouracil on 125I-L-triiodothyronine binding to the nuclei and on malic enzyme activity in rat liver cytosol. AB - The effect of propylthiouracil (PTU), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) on malic enzyme activity of rat liver cytosol and on the binding of 125I-L triiodothyronine to nuclear fraction was examined. Significant decrease of in vitro binding of 125I-T3 to the liver nuclei was found in rats fed PTU for 12 h, 24 h and 120 h. Hepatic malic enzyme activity was unchanged after 12 h, but markedly decreased after 24 h and 120 h of PTU treatment. In 120 h PTU fed animals the effect of T3 on malic enzyme activity was five times higher in comparison to an equimolar dose of T4. Finally, the effect of T4 on malic enzyme activity was observed which might result from the intrinsic activity T4 under the conditions of decreased T4 to T3 conversion due to PTU feeding. The obtained results show that there is a certain correlation between nuclear T3 binding and cytosol malic enzyme activity which is presumably induced directly through m-RNA synthesis stimulated by thyroid hormones. PMID- 6967014 TI - Low molecular weight protein in bovine anterior pituitary similar to immunoglobulin M. AB - Bovine pituitary IgM was isolated from anterior lobe material by molecular sieve and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. It was characterized using physico-chemical and immunochemical techniques. The molecular weight of the molecule was below 20 000, and immunoelectrophoretic and immunodiffusion analysis, demonstrated precipitin arcs for IgM. The small molecular weight protein may prove to be significant in continuing studies of IgM and the relationship of the pituitary gland to the immune system. PMID- 6967015 TI - Physiologic tomography: a new means for the non-invasive measurement of myocardial metabolism, blood flow and function. PMID- 6967016 TI - Fibrinogen split products, antiproteases and granulocytic elastase in patients with lung cancer. PMID- 6967017 TI - The proliferation activity of the rat thymocytes after partial hepatectomy. AB - The influence of partial hepatectomy, unilateral nephrectomy and shamoperation on thymocyte proliferation capacity in male rats was investigated. The wet weight and the cell number declines significantly after partial hepatectomy. A stimulation of mitotic activity and H3TdR incorporation on day 3 to day 6 was also observed in partially hepatectomized animals. The polyamine content of the thymocytes was transiently decreased 2 days post partial hepatectomy and shamoperation. Thereafter the amine concentrations increased and remained elevated in the case of partially hedatectomized animals. No significant changes in the content of histamine were observed. PMID- 6967018 TI - Glycolipids as markers of murine T and B lymphoblastoid tumour cell lines. PMID- 6967019 TI - 13C NMR as a probe for the study of enzyme-catalysed reactions: mechanism of action of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. PMID- 6967020 TI - Structural changes in C4 produced by cleavage with C1-s. PMID- 6967021 TI - [Study of the diurnal rhythm of the cellular composition of the rat thymus and its adaptation to an altered lighting schedule against a backgrown of seasonal factors]. PMID- 6967022 TI - [Delabyrinthation of white rats by electrocoagulation]. PMID- 6967025 TI - Protein phosphorylation in human placenta. Stimulation by epidermal growth factor. AB - Membranes prepared from normal human term placenta possess a protein kinase activity which phosphorylates endogenous substrates in the presence of [gamma 32P]ATP. This kinase activity requires either Mg2+ or Mn2+, is enhanced by glycerol and appears to be cyclic-nucleotide-independent. Addition of epidermal growth factor to the placental membrane preparation increases the level of total phosphorylation by approx. 35%. When analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, the placental proteins whose degree of phosphorylation was enhanced by epidermal growth factor had apparent molecular weights of 170000, 150000, and 25000. This report documents the presence of protein kinase activity in human placenta and demonstrates that epidermal growth factor can enhance protein phosphorylation in normal human tissue. PMID- 6967023 TI - In vitro DNA synthesis in lymphocytes from DNCB contact-sensitive guinea pigs. AB - In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes from DNCB contact-sensitive guinea pigs is achieved by several DNP conjugates. Optimal results are obtained by DNP-modified macrophages. The degree of in vitro lymphocyte activity, demonstrated by DNA synthesis, depends on the cell origin, the interval between sensitization and harvest of lymphocytes and the immunological status of the animals. PMID- 6967026 TI - HBeAg/anti-HBe system and cell-mediated immunity in patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. AB - Determinations of HBeAg, anti-HBe and cell-mediated immune response were carried out in 29 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. Out of 29 patients with chronic active hepatitis B, 18 were found to be HBeAg positive, 7 anti-HBe positive, and 4 without detectable HBeAg/anti-HBe by radioimmunoassay. The presence of HBeAg in serum (n = 18) was associated with impaired lymphocyte response in 15 patients (83.3%, p less than 0.05). Out of these 15 patients 6 developed cirrhosis within a period of 6 months to 2 years. By contrast, this occurred in only 1 out of 8 HBeAg-negative patients (6 were anti-HBe positive) with normal lymphocyte function. Although HBeAg and depressed cellular immune response in chronic active hepatitis is not necessarily associated with a bad clinical and histological outcome of the disease, these data suggest that, in a number of cases, host cell-mediated immune response seems to be correlated with the presence of HBeAg and the outcome of chronic active hepatitis and, in this respect, HBeAg could assume the significance of a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 6967024 TI - Formation of protoplasts from Gliocladium virens. PMID- 6967027 TI - Achalasia in the city of Cardiff from 1926 to 1977. AB - A retrospective study of 48 patients, living in the City of Cardiff, diagnosed as having achalasia between 1926 and 1977, was undertaken. The incidence of achalasia was 0.4/10(5)/year. One previous study in Rochester, Minn., of 11 patients had a comparable incidence of 0.6/10(5)/year. Our study failed to identify any aetiological factors. PMID- 6967028 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]. PMID- 6967029 TI - [The use of tomographic scanners in radiotherapy]. PMID- 6967030 TI - [Surgical treatment of hemorrhagic portal hypertension]. PMID- 6967031 TI - [Function of the Fc receptors]. PMID- 6967032 TI - Colonoscopy in radiation colitis. AB - Colonoscopy in 13 patients with stenosis or hemorrhage after radiation therapy is correlated with clinical and radiographic features. The authors found colonoscopy helpful in delineating the diagnosis and in guiding treatment. PMID- 6967033 TI - Hypernephroma with metastasis to the duodenum: endoscopic features. PMID- 6967034 TI - Detection of typical lesions of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia by colonoscopy. PMID- 6967035 TI - Hypotensive actions of parathyroid hormone preparations in vertebrates. PMID- 6967036 TI - Development of anuran calling circuits: effect of testosterone propionate injections. PMID- 6967037 TI - Emergency management of gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6967038 TI - [T- and B-lymphocytes and IgG, IgA and IgM level in women with uterine myomas]. PMID- 6967039 TI - [Hypoglycemia due to interaction between chlorpropamide and cotrimoxazole]. PMID- 6967040 TI - Questions concerning the significance of a close linkage between morphogenetic (1x) and histocompatibility (H-5) loci in the Norway rat. PMID- 6967043 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of PLS carriers using G-banding technique. PMID- 6967042 TI - The morphology of the dominant polydactyly-luxate syndrome (DPLS) and the interaction of DPLS and PLS. PMID- 6967041 TI - Genetically controlled morphological variability of the polydactyly-luxate syndrome (PLS) of the Norway rat. PMID- 6967044 TI - A comparative study on the bursa Fabricii and tonsilla caecalis in birds. PMID- 6967046 TI - A note on the frequency of consanguineous marriages in Reading, England in 1972/1973. AB - A random sample was taken of marriages celebrated in 1972/1973 in and around Reading, Berksshire, in order to investigate marital mobility and population structure. Respondents were asked whether they were related before marriage and isonymous marriages were noted. Eight consanguineous marriages were recorded. The inbreeding coefficient for the next generation is estimated to be 0.00017 from consanguineous marriages, 0.00021 from isonymy. These values are similar to those obtained from other modern Western societies. PMID- 6967047 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin types and chronic obstructive lung disease in an industrial community in Northern Sweden. PMID- 6967048 TI - Quantitative assessment of gastrointestinal blood loss with anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6967049 TI - Profile of T and B lymphocytes in malnourished children. PMID- 6967050 TI - Hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery. Role of preoperative propranolol therapy. AB - Over a 9-month period, the incidence and characteristics of hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery were studied in a group of 52 patients. Hypertension occurred in 61% of the patients and was characterized by an increase in arterial blood pressure of 35 +/- 2 mm Hg mean +/- SEM during the early postoperative period. Preoperative blood pressures and hemodynamic variables were similar in those who developed hypertension of those who remained normotensive. Ninety-four percent of those who developed hypertension as compared to only 40% of those who remained normotensive received propranolol during the 24 hours preceding surgery (x2 = 15.4; p less than 0.001). Maximal blood pressures during the first 5 hours following the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly positively correlated with preoperative propranolol dosage (p less than 0.01). Hypertension was not associated with significant changes in plasma renin activity or angiotensin II levels, but concomitant plasma catecholamine concentrations were elevated significantly (p less than 0.005). However, a similar rise in plasma catecholamine concentrations was found in those who remained normotensive. Hypertension was associated with an increase in systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.001) and left ventricular stroke work index (p less than 0.05), and a fall in stroke volume (p less than 0.005) and cardiac index (p less than 0.001). These studies suggest that hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery is common, results from an increase in systemic vascular resistance, is not renin-angiotensin mediated, and may, in part, be related to preoperative propranolol administration. PMID- 6967045 TI - alpha-1-Protease inhibitor phenotypes and serum concentrations in Thailand. AB - alpha-1-Protease inhibitor (A1PI) Pi phenotypes were determined in 429 individuals from Bangkok and 423 from the rural area of the northeast of Thailand by isoelectric focusing on thin-layer polyacrylamide gel. Variation was more marked in the Bangkok population. In the rural area, with an exclusively northeastern Thai population the Pi-alleles M, S and Z were detected. A1PI serum concentrations measured by electroimmunoassay were slightly higher in Thai than the values reported from European countries; children with PiM from rural areas had slightly higher A1PI serum concentrations than PiM children from Bangkok. PMID- 6967052 TI - T-cell-priming characteristics of modified timothy grass pollen antigen B1. AB - Previous studies demonstrated that antigen B (AgB), a major antigen of timothy grass pollen, modified by photooxidation (Ox-AgB), does not react with rabbit, human, or mouse antibodies directed against AgB and does not induce antibodies reactive with either native or modified AgB. In this paper we show that Ox-AgB retains an estimated 70% of the lymphocyte-activating properties and a significant amount of the T-cell-priming capabilities of AgB. PMID- 6967051 TI - Inhibition of immune complex-mediated activation of complement. Effects of agents modulating activation of, and the activated C1 complex. AB - Several known chemical compounds were shown to selectively inhibit the interaction between immune aggregates and C1q, the activation of C1r-C1s complex by immune aggregate-bound C1q, and the esterolytic activity of the activated C1s, C1s. These reactions are relevant to the functions of the first complement component, C1, and its activation induced by immune complexes. The effects of these inhibitors on tissue injury mediated by immune complex-induced complement activation, such as immune hemolysis, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and experimental glomerulonephritis were examined. The results suggest an approximate correlation between the activity shown on the molecular level and that obtained in vivo. One such compound, suramin, was shown to be an effective inhibitor of PCA and the proteinuria manifestation of EGN while not affecting antibody fixation to tissue or histamine-mediated skin reaction. These results suggest that effective suppression of the initial steps of complement activation may be of value of controlling immune complex-mediated tissue injuries in disease. PMID- 6967054 TI - The generation of tumor heterogeneity in vivo. AB - In order to determine whether host factors may contribute to the generation of tumor heterogeneity, the phenotypic stability of cells from a cloned tumor was examined during proliferation in tissue culture and in the syngeneic host. Growth of this cloned tumor was initiated both in vivo and in vitro, and the tumor populations were sampled at different time intervals by subcloning. The susceptibility of these tumor subclones to the cytotoxic action of natural antibodies and complement was used as a marker of their membrane phenotype. The extent of phenotypic variation of the clones in one sample was considered to be a measure of tumor heterogeneity. Following these procedures, we observed that a clone of the L5178Y murine lymphoma maintained its homogeneity during 5 months of in vitro culture. In contrast, a single passage of the same tumor clone for 3 1/2 weeks or 3 months in the syngeneic host resulted in the generation of a population of cells exhibiting a significant increase in heterogeneity. This relative instability of tumor phenotype in vivo suggests that the host milieu may allow the generation of tumor heterogeneity. Genetic or epigenetic mechanism(s) may be involved although the high frequency of new phenotypes argues against a role for somatic mutation. PMID- 6967056 TI - Cigarette smoking, antiprotease deficiency and emphysema. PMID- 6967055 TI - Collaboration between specific anti-tumor immunity and chemotherapeutic agents. AB - Treatment of DBA/2J mice bearing a T1699 syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma (Ts) with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 100 ug melphalan produced complete tumor regression in about 65% of the animals treated; however, tumors recurred in about 85% of these regressors after 15-25 days' remission. The drug regimen was ineffective against Ts tumors growing in immunosuppressed or immunodeficient animals. Stimulation of immunologically intact Ts tumor-bearers with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) 3 days prior to melphalan therapy, on the other hand, produced not only higher rates of tumor regression but also significant increases in the number of permanent cures. A tumor induced by T1699 subline TR2 was resistant to the same regimen, although Ts and TR2 cells were equally susceptible to the cytotoxic and growth-inhibiting activities of the drug in vitro. In contrast, the combination of specifically armed monocytes and melphalan in vitro produced enhanced killing of Ts cells but not of TR2 cells. Analysis of the collaborative cytotoxicity between immune effector cells and melphalan indicated that exposure of tumor cells to killer cells increased the drug susceptibility of the tumor cells, but not the reverse. These results suggest a possible mechanism for in vivo resistance of tumors to chemotherapeutic agents that is not directly associated with the drug resistance of the tumor cells in vitro. PMID- 6967053 TI - Clonal extinction of myelomonocytic leukemic cells by serum from mice injected with endotoxin. AB - Culture of WEHI-3B myelomonocytic leukemic cells in semi-solid agar medium containing post-endotoxin serum led to the development of maturing granulocytes and macrophages in most leukemic colonies. Colony size was consistently increased but the colony content of colony-forming cells (stem-cell self-replication) was markedly reduced. Serial recloning of WEHI-3B colony cells in the continuous presence of post-endotoxin serum led to clonal extinction of the leukemic cells in five of seven experiments. These effects of post-endotoxin serum on WEHI-3B cells were not seen in clonal cultures of 10 other tumor lines. Serum with the capacity to induce differentiation in WEHI-3B cells could be induced by the injection of as little as 0.1 microgram endotoxin and by purified bacterial cell wall preparations. Serum activity reached peak levels 3 - 6 h after endotoxin injection and returned to preinjection levels within 48 h. PMID- 6967057 TI - Langerhans' cell granuloma (histiocytosis X) [proceedings]. PMID- 6967058 TI - Comparison between xylitol and glucose in a peroral feeding study in rats with special consideration of exocrine gland and gut wall biochemistry. PMID- 6967059 TI - Alpha, antitrypsin phenotypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison of phenotyping techniques. PMID- 6967060 TI - The relationship of health beliefs and knowledge to exercise compliance in patients after coronary bypass. PMID- 6967061 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas: results of irradiation for unresectable lesions. PMID- 6967062 TI - Variation in neutron RBE values for human lymphocytes. PMID- 6967063 TI - Caudate atrophy in irreversible tardive dyskinesia (a pneumoencephalographic study). AB - Pneumoencephalography done under standard conditions on 5 patients with tardive dyskinesia and 3 matched controls revealed evidence of caudate atrophy in 3 of the dyskinetic patients. The same 3 patients proved refractory to treatment of their dyskinesia. It is concluded that tardive dyskinesia is a heterogenous entity with some patients having irreversible dyskinesia and exhibiting radiologically demonstrable damage. PMID- 6967064 TI - Heterogeneity of amino acid incorporation rate in adult skeletal muscle actin. AB - An actin preparation extracted at 25 degree C for 2 h from the residue which had previously been subjected to the routine extraction procedure, i.e. at 4 degree C for 15 min, showed markedly increased rates of amino acid incorporation, i.e. 48% higher than routinely extracted actin. The nature of the actin having higher amino acid incorporation rates was discussed in relation to 10S-actinin. PMID- 6967065 TI - Characterization of the dihydropterin reductase activity of pig liver methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. AB - Pig liver methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase catalyzes the reduction of quinonoid dihydropterins in vitro. Either NADPH or methyltetrahydrofolate can serve as the electron donor. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase can also suppor phenylalanine hydroxylation in vitro by regeneration of the tetrahydropterin cofactor. These results lend support to the proposal that reduction of methylenetetrahydrofolate proceeds by tautomerization of the 5-iminium cation to form quinonoid 5-methyldihydrofolate, which is then reduced to methyltetrahydrofolate (Matthews, R. G., and Haywood, B. J. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 4845-4851). Under Vmax conditions, the turnover numbers for the NADPH-linked reductions of the quinonoid forms of 6,7-dimethyldihydropterin, dihydrobiopterin, and dihydrofolate are all about the same as that for the reduction of methylenetetrahydrofolate. The Km values for racemic mixtures of the same quinonoid acceptors are 40, 30, and 20 microM, respectively, while the Km for (6R,S)methylenetetrahydrofolate is 20 microM at pH 7.2 in phosphate buffer. The reduction of quinonoid dihydropterins is inhibited by adenosylmethionine and dihydropteroylhexaglutamate, which are known to modulate methylenetretrahydrofolate reductase activity. PMID- 6967067 TI - Secretion of the vitamin K-dependent protein of bone by rat osteosarcoma cells. Evidence for an intracellular precursor. AB - Four clonal cell lines derived from a rat osteosarcoma were tested for the ability to secrete the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein of bone (BGP) using a specific radioimmunoassay for this protein. Two cell lines secreted BGP into culture media while the other two did not. Other investigators have shown that these two cell lines are also the only ones with the high parathyroid hormone responsiveness and alkaline phosphatase activity expected for osteoblast cells in culture. Both cell lines also form a mineralized sarcoma when implanted in rats. The BGP in culture media is identical in molecular weight and in electrophoretic mobility with the 5800-dalton BGP purified from rat bone. Thus, BGP is probably secreted by osteosarcoma cells directly and not derived from an extracellular precursor by proteolytic cleavage. There are two immunoreactive components within osteosarcoma cells which secrete BGP. One component is identical in molecular weight and electrophoretic mobility with BGP from rat bone. The other component has a higher molecular mass (approximately 9000 daltons) and about half the electrophoretic mobility of BGP from bone. The presence of both components within these cells raises the possibility that the larger component may be an intracellular precursor which is processed to BGP prior to secretion. PMID- 6967066 TI - Epidermal growth factor. Ability of tumor promoter to alter its degradation, receptor affinity and receptor number. PMID- 6967068 TI - The regulation of haemopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures: I. role of L cell CSF. AB - The effects of L-cell conditioned medium which contains granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF); of highly purified L-cell CSF; and the antiserum directed against L-cell CSF, have been investigated in long-term murine bone marrow cultures. Treatment of cultures with CSF containing conditioned medium led to a rapid decline in haemopoiesis. However, this inhibition of in vitro haemopoiesis is probably caused by materials other than CSF, since the addition of highly purified L-cell CSF had no appreciable effect upon long-term haemopoietic cell proliferation or differentiation. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of L-cell conditioned medium was not abrogated following neutralization of the CSF activity by CSF antiserum. The direct addition of CSF antiserum did not inhibit granulocyte or macrophage formation. These results suggest that long term cultures of murine marrow cells may show extensive interactions with stromal cells which are not influenced by exogenous stimulatory or inhibitory factors. PMID- 6967069 TI - The effect of mouse lung granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and other colony-stimulating activities on the proliferation and differentiation of murine bone marrow cells in long-term cultures. AB - The roles of colony-stimulating factors in long-term bone marrow cultures were studied and compared. After single additions of high concentrations of unpurified colony-stimulating activities to the cultures, rapid deterioration of the cultures was observed. This appears to result from contaminants in the stimulatory preparations. Cultures to which one purified colony-stimulating factor (csf) from endotoxin mouse lung-conditioned medium was added did not run down ten weeks after addition and were found to be the same as the controls. The deterioration of the cultures to which unpurified stimulators were added could not be accounted for by accelerated granulopoiesis leading to subsequent exhaustion of the cultures. The inability of purified CSF to affect the cellularity of the suspension cells did not result from instability or masking of the activity in the cultures, nor did CSF preferentially stimulate the cells within the adherent layer. The suspension cells responded to purified CSF after separation from the adherent cells. The data suggest that if CSFs are marrow stimulators, their effects in turn may be stringently regulated within the marrow. PMID- 6967070 TI - Production of a colony-stimulating factor following differentiation of leukemic myleoblasts to macrophages. AB - Leukemic cells in the myeloblastic stage from a murine myeloid leukemia cell line (M1) were induced to differentiate to macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. A granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) was produced only during differentiation. After induction of differentiation, the continued presence of LPS was necessary to stimulate the macrophages to release CSF. In contrast, a macrophage cell line (Mm-1) derived from the M1 line produced CSF without LPS-stimulation, but CSF release was stimulated by the presence of LPS. PMID- 6967071 TI - Growth arrest of AKR-2B cells maintained in the presence of epidermal growth factor or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate: evidence for two separate G1 arrest points. AB - Nontransformed mouse embryo derived AKR-2B cells stop growing in the G1 phase of the cell cycle at saturation density due to depletion of serum growth factors, whereas a chemically transformed derivative line (AKR-MCA) arrests growth in G1 at a higher saturation density due to depletion of amino acids and glucose. Stimulation of DNA synthesis is inhibited in the AKR-2B cells, but not in the AKR MCA cells, by two inhibitors of RNA metabolism, alpha-amanitin and 5 fluorouridine (5-FU). To determine whether the AKR-MCA cells growth arrest at a unique point in G1 or whether they arrest in a physiologic state which can also be achieved by the nontransformed cells, AKR-2B cells were maintained in medium with 10% serum containing the mitogens, epidermal growth factor (EGF) or 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), until they reached saturation density or were arrested at subconfluence by artificial deletion of amino acids from the medium. The AKR-2B cells maintained in EGF or TPA stopped growing in G1 at a higher saturation density, due to depletion of amino acids. Cells arrested in EGF or TPA or in amino acid deficient medium had a shortened interval between stimulation and the onset of DNA synthesis, and the stimulation of DNA synthesis was not inhibited by alpha-amanitin or 5-FU. The data show that the nontransformed AKR-2B cells have two different arrest states which may represent two separate and distinct G1 arrest points--a growth factor deficiency arrest point and a nutrient deficiency arrest point. The nutrient deficiency arrested cells were very similar to the G1 arrested transformed AKR-MCA cells. PMID- 6967072 TI - Calciferol and its relatives. Part 25. A chemical degradation of 3 alpha hydroxycholest-9(11)-ene to Des-AB-cholestane derivatives. PMID- 6967073 TI - Calciferol and its relatives. Part 26. A conversion of cholesterol into 8 hydroxymethyl-des-AB-cholest-8-ene. PMID- 6967075 TI - Somatotopic organization of the embryonic chick trigeminal ganglion. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been injected into periocular, upper beak, or lower jaw tissues of chick embryos aged 6--8 days of incubation. Subsequent mapping of the distribution of labeled neurons in the trigeminal ganglion indicates that the somatotopic organization of neurons is essentially identical to that found after hatching. At these stages most labeled cells are in the distal parts of the bilobed ganglion. There is no indication that any of these neurons, most but not all of which are derived from epidermal placodes, establish any erroneus projections. Most of the proximo-central or core neurons, which are of neural creast origin, are immature at these stages. On the eighth day of development, by which time the embryo is responsive to tactile stimulation of the beak, few of these core cells have established projections to more distal (rostral) periocular or upper beak areas or to the lower jaw. In contrast, injection of HRP above the eye results in labeling of many of the core neurons. This suggests that there is an asymmetry in the time of neurite outgrowth from core neurons that is correlated with their peripheral projections but not with their time of terminal mitosis. Following injection of HRP into temporal periocular tissues, most of the core cells in the maxillo-mandibular lobe contain peroxidase. This is probably due to uptake by growth cones emerging along the maxillary ramus. Examination of contralateral trigeminal ganglia indicates that the transmedian projections of these sensory fibers form later in development. Branches of the mandibular motor nerve extend throughout the lower jaw and presumptive jaw-closing muscle anlagen, as evidenced by incorporation of HRP into motoneurons of the trigeminal nucleus. PMID- 6967074 TI - Somatotopic and functional organization of the avian trigeminal ganglion: an HRP analysis in the hatchling chick. AB - While the somatotopic organization of many central systems is well characterized, that of peripheral sensory neurons has not been adequately defined. This is especially true for the trigeminal ganglion. By applying HRP subcutaneously at each of 14 sites and also intramuscularly, it is possible to determine whether the location of sensory neurons within the ganglion reflects their peripheral projections. There is no discernible somatotopic organization of neurons in the ophthalmic lobe. However, the location of maxillary neurons in the maxillo mandibular lobe is organized with the most posterior cells projecting to sites closest to the ganglion and with neurons located more anteriorly projecting to progressively more distant sites. There is a less well defined organization in the superior-inferior axis of the ganglion, and none along its proximal (root) to distal axis. Mandibular exteroceptive neurons are found primarily in the anterior region of the maxillo-mandibular lobe, while mandibular proprioceptive cells are located in the proximo-central part of this lobe. In most cases there is a considerable scattering of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-filled neurons. Projections to contralateral ganglia, the trigeminal motor nucleus, and the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus were also examined. Cytologically, the hatchling trigeminal consists of two interspersed types of neurons: large, lightly staining and smaller, darkly staining cells. Previous experiments have proved that these two cell types do not correspond to each of the embryonic precursors of trigeminal neurons, the neural crest and placodal cells. In this study HRP was found localized in both classes of neurons following injection at all sites, including jaw-closing muscles. This indicates that the dual cytology is not correlated with either distribution of peripheral fibers or exteroceptive vs. proprioceptive functions. The possibilities that the two types of neurons may have different central projections and/or may be related to visceral vs. somatic afferent functions are discussed. PMID- 6967076 TI - Cerebral computed tomography in premature infants, with an attempt at staging developmental features. AB - Cerebral computed tomography of 45 infants has been carried out for a better assessment of the normal appearance of the different anatomical structures. The skull vault is often asymmetrical, the dura mater is very dense, and the ventricular system is small in contrast with the large subarachnoid spaces. The brain parenchyma contains zones of low attenuation, mainly frontal. These may well be a normal developmental feature. PMID- 6967077 TI - Correlation of early neurologic outcome and CT findings in neonatal brain hypoxia and injury. AB - Ninety cranial computed tomography scans were analyzed in 56 high risk neonates (30 premature and 26 term). Neurologic follow-up averaging 18 months in length was obtained. Four types of intracranial hemorrhage were seen: subdural (with three subtypes), germinal matrix--intraventricular, primary subarachnoid, and cerebellar. The four types differ in age of occurrence, mechanism, and prognosis. Mild periventricular low density was present in most of the neonates and did not correlate with future neurologic deficit. Severe periventricular leukomalacia (16%) and cortical low density zones (12%) at 40 weeks did correlate with abnormal motor and mental development. PMID- 6967078 TI - Computed tomography in perinatal hypoxic and hypoglycemic encephalopathy with emphasis on follow-up studies. AB - Cranial computed tomography (CT) scans of 10 cases of perinatal hypoxia and 9 cases of perinatal hypoglycemia were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on follow-up studies. Periventricular hypodensity and intracranial (subarachnoidal and/or intraventricular) hemorrhage were the most frequent findings in the early CT scans of perinatal hypoxia. In the follow-up studies of the cases with periventricular hypodensity, return to normality was observed in most instances. In neonatal hypoglycemia, the findings were similar except for the rarity of intracranial bleeding. PMID- 6967079 TI - In vitro hippocampal uptake of tritiated serotonin (3H-5HT): A morphological, biochemical, and pharmacological approach to specificity. AB - The in vitro uptake of tritiated serotonin (3H-5HT) into hippocampal slices was measured in Ringer's solution (37 degrees C) containing pargyline, ascorbic acid, and dextrose. The specific uptake of 3H-5HT rose asymptotically as the 3H-5HT molarity was increased from 5 x 10(-10) to 1.5 x 10(-6) M. Linear regression analysis gave a Km value for the specific uptake of 1.4 x 10(-7) M. The nonspecific binding (NSB) was the amount of 3H-5HT retained by the slices following incubation in a medium with a very large excess of unlabeled 5-HT added to dilute the specific uptake of 3H-5HT. This NSB increased with increasing molarity of 3H-5HT, and was linearly related to 3H-5HT concentrations between 5 x 10(-9) and 1.5 x 10(-6) M. The ratio of specific uptake to NSB was highest at 5 x 10(-8) M (2.75) and lowest at 1.5 x 10(-6) M of 3H-5HT (0.54). Competition studies with noradrenaline, desipramine (a noradrenergic uptake blocker), fluoxetine (a 5-HT uptake blocker), and tryptophan confirmed the specificity of the 3H-5HT uptake mechanism. Radioautographic studies of in vitro incubated hippocampal slices showed silver grain aggregates at 3H-5HT specific uptake sites. Addition of an excess of unlabeled 5-HT to the slices, or the use of hippocampi from 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine intracerebral microinjected rats (5 microgram/400 nl into the fornix-fimbria and the cingulum bundle, 6 day survival) caused a dramatic decrease in these aggregates. The distribution of hippocampal 5 HT axons and terminals, inferred from the pattern of silver grain aggregates, is more widespread than previously described. 5-HT varicosities were clearly seen in all layers of Ammon's horn, dentate gyrus, and the subicular cortex. Innervation routes were seen to the stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum from stratum oriens in Ammon's horn, and to the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus from the subicular cortex and from the fimbria. Semiquantitation of the occurrence of silver grain aggregates was done in the various hippocampal regions. The highest density in Ammon's horn was 119.5 boutons/10,000 micron2, in the dentate gyrus it was 67.4 boutons/10,000 micron2, and in the subicular cortex it was 79.2 boutons/10,000 micron2. These results are consistent with previous quantitative results. PMID- 6967080 TI - Evidence for abnormalities in separate lymphocyte populations in NZB mice. AB - Neonatally thymectomized, lethally irradiated NZB X DBA/2 and DBA/2 X NZB F1 mice were reconstituted with NZB or DBA/2 bone marrow cells and NZB or DBA2 thymocytes. Of the four resulting groups of recipient F1 mice, those given NZB bone marrow cells developed high serum IgM levels, irrespective of the thymocyte donor strain. In contrast, recipients of NZB thymocytes were resistant to induction of tolerance to BCG, irrespective of the bone marrow donor strain. Only recipients of NZB bone marrow cells made spontaneous antierythrocyte autoantibodies; of these, the responses of NZB thymocyte recipients were greater and more consistent than those of DBA/2 thymocyte recipients. Recipients of either NZB bone marrow cells or NZB thymocytes made antibody responses to ssDNA; the highest anti-ssDNA responses occurred in recipients of both NZB bone marrow cells and NZB thymocytes. We conclude that functional abnormalities in separate lymphocyte populations underlie different immune abnormalities in NZB mice. PMID- 6967081 TI - In vitro immune response of human peripheral lymphocytes. V. PHA- and protein A induced human B colony formation and analysis of the subpopulations of B cells. AB - Human B colony formation was observed with PHA or protein A as a mitogen. Preculture of B cells with mitogens in the presence of irradiated T cells for 3 days was a prerequisite for the induction of B cell colonies. About 300 to 700 colonies per 10(6) seeded cells were detected and a linear relationship between the number of cells seeded and the number of colonies developed was observed. Cells in PHA-induced colonies had surface IgM and/or IgD but no cytoplasmic Ig, whereas cells recovered from protein A-induced colonies had cytoplasmic Igs that were not only IgM but IgG and IgA. In each of the protein A-induced colonies, a sequential appearance of IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-producing cells was observed from day 3 to day 5, showing that IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-producing cells were derived from a single precursor cell. PHA and protein A had an additive effect on the number of colonies induced. About 50% of colonies induced in the presence of both PHA and protein A had Ig-producing cells. These results suggest that PHA and protein A may stimulate distinct subsets of B cells into colony formation. PMID- 6967082 TI - The role of human T cells (and T cell products) for monocyte tissue factor generation. AB - Monocytes generate the procoagulant material tissue factor (TF) when mixed mononuclear cell cultures are stimulated with antigens, mitogens, or bacterial endotoxin in vitro. Optimal monocyte TF production has been shown to require the presence of lymphocytes in the culture system. We have investigated the nature of this lymphocyte requirement by stimulating monocytes grown in the presence of varying numbers of T lymphocytes. In addition, some monocytes were grown in the presence of conditioned media prepared from T lymphocyte cultures. The results of these studies have demonstrated two pathways for monocyte TF generation: a relatively T cell-independent pathway that can be stimulated by endotoxin or PPD and a highly T cell-dependent pathway that can be stimulated by PHA. In addition, the lymphocyte requirement for PHA-induced monocyte TF generation may be replaced by conditioned media from T cell cultures. PMID- 6967083 TI - Polyclonal B cell activation and autoimmunity in New Zealand mice. I. Natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA). AB - The present genetic studies were designed to investigate a possible correlation of spontaneous polyclonal activation of B cells with the spontaneous production of natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA) in female (NZB X NZW)F1 X NZW backcross mice. We analyzed the spontaneous polyclonal activation of B cells by determining the serum level of naturally occurring anti-hapten (dinitrophenyl, DNP) IgM antibodies. Based on comparisons of the magnitude of the serum DNP binding activities among NZB, NZW, the F1, and the backcrosses to NZW mice, we found that the abnormal polyclonal activation of B cells depends largely on the contribution of NZB genomes. Similar observations were made on serum IgM levels in these mice, and there were made on serum IgM levels in these mice, and there was a highly significant correlation between these two measures in the backcross mice. Despite striking similarities in several observations between NTA and the anti-DNP antibodies, as well as the serum IgM level, there was no significant correlation between the spontaneous production of NTA and the abnormal levels of the anti-DNP antibodies and serum IgM in the backcross mice in both quantitative and qualitative analyses. We also found no significant association between these polyclonal activation of B cells and H-2 complex. PMID- 6967084 TI - Differential binding of fluorescein-labeled lectins to mouse thymocytes: subsets revealed by flow microfluorometry. AB - Fluorescein-labeled lectins bound to mouse thymocytes were analyzed by flow microfluorometry. This technique has identified several lectins that bind differentially to thymocyte subsets. The most complex fluorescence distributions were obtained using lectins with nominal specificities for galactose or N acetylglucosamine. Inhibition of binding by sugars confirmed that the fluoresceinated lectins were bound to cells at their carbohydrate binding site. Simultaneous analyses of lectin fluorescence and forward light scatter intensity showed that cell subpopulations of different sizes can exhibit marked differences in the level of binding such that the amount of lectin bound per cell is often independent of cell size. A minor population of dull or unstained cells, delineated by several of these lectins, correlates with the subpopulation of medium-sized thymocytes resistant to in vivo cortisone treatment. PMID- 6967085 TI - Characterization of the target antigen of F1 anti-parent cytotoxic lympholysis: analysis of the spontaneous in vitro F1 cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6967086 TI - The human LT system. VIII. A target cell-dependent enzymatic activation step required for the expression of the cytotoxic activity of human lymphotoxin. PMID- 6967087 TI - Cellular basis for elevated IgA responses in C3H/HeJ mice. PMID- 6967088 TI - The relationship between tumor antigens and alloantigens: cross-reactivity due to differential context of T cell antigen recognition. PMID- 6967089 TI - Macrophage-independent activation of helper T cells. I. Production of Interleukin 2. PMID- 6967090 TI - The role of I region gene products in macrophage induction of an antibody response. I. Ability of anti-I-J region sera to block macrophage function. PMID- 6967091 TI - Polyclonal activation of human lymphocytes in vitro. I. Characterization of the lymphocyte response to a T cell-independent B cell mitogen. AB - The staphylococcal cell wall component protein A (SpA) and formalinized, Cowan I strain Staphylococcal organisms (STA) were compared with the lectins phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen for their ability to trigger proliferation of normal human lymphocytes, lymphocyte subpopulations, and cells from patients with primary immune deficiency diseases. SpA was found to be a potent T cell mitogen, very similar to the other lectins tested. It failed to stimulate purified non-T cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with different forms of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). STA, treated to prevent the leakage of soluble SpA during culture, exclusively stimulated non-T cells: the responding cell population was characterized to be E rosette negative but positive for C3 receptors, surface Ia, a receptor for STA itself, and likely carried surface immunoglobulin. Normal responses to STA were found in patients with the adenosine deaminase-positive form of SCID. In 18 patients with humoral immune deficiency syndromes, the presence of STA responses was correlated with the presence of circulating, surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells. A commercial STA preparation was rendered B cell specific after reformalinization, a procedure that eliminated the shedding of soluble SpA under culture conditions. PMID- 6967092 TI - In vitro synthesis of IgM rheumatoid factor by lymphocytes from healthy adults. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from 22 healthy adults were tested for their capacity to produce IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) in vitro in the presence and absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). In no instance was spontaneous elaboration of IgM RF observed. However, stimulation of MNL with PWM resulted in the induction of IgM RF synthesis in 10 out of 22 individuals. The IgM RF in these culture fluids constituted only a small fraction of the total IgM (mean +/- 1 S.D. = 1.01 +/- 1.08%). The lack of correlation of IgM RF with total IgM in these culture fluids argued against nonspecific absorption of non-RF IgM on the IgG substrate utilized in the assay. Furthermore, fraction of supernatants containing IgM RF on Sephadex G-200 indicated the material to co-elute with polymeric IgM and to preferentially bind to Fc coated tubes as opposed to Fab or BSA-coated assay tubes. IgM RF production induced by PWM was dependent upon de novo protein synthesis and exhibited T cell dependence. The data indicate that B cells capable of synthesizing RF commonly occur in normal individuals but are not ordinarily activated. PMID- 6967093 TI - Neoplasms of immunoregulatory T cells in clinical investigation. AB - Normal T cells play a critical role in the regulation of humoral immune responses by acting as potentiators (helper cells) or inhibitors (suppressor cells) of the process by which B cells differentiate into immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. Certain diseases in which malignant T cells appear to retain an immunoregulatory function are characterized by a propensity of a lymphomatous T cell population to infiltrate skin. Some cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, as well as some T-cell neoplasms without dermatologic involvement, provide a homogeneous supply of T lymphocytes which act as immunoregulators. The availability of neoplastic T cells with immunoregulatory properties could accelerate the serologic and biochemical analysis of the cellular control of normal immunity in man. PMID- 6967094 TI - Immunosuppressive lymphocyte factors: characterization of the IDS-producing cell in the experimental model of antigenic competition. AB - Inhibitor of DNA synthesis, is a soluble, protein lymphocyte factor which nonspecifically suppresses in vitro lymphocyte responses to antigens or mitogens. It is secreted in large amounts in vivo in some experimentally induced immunological paralysis. Here, we have defined the cell secreting IDS in one experimental model of non-specific immune-suppression, ie., that of antigenic competition. Lymphocytes of rats injected with a large dose of ovalbumin intravenously, show no immunologic response to the same or other antigens or mitogens 24 hr later. At this time, spleen cells of these rats secrete large amounts of the inhibitor into culture supernatants. However spleen cell supernatants of T-depleted rats do not contain the activity. Further, maximal inhibitor concentrations are obtained in the first 2 days of culture when more than 65% of cultured cells are large blasts actively synthesizing protein. As the number of actively metabolizing blast cells decrease in subsequent days of culture inhibitor concentration falls. Finally thymocytes of rats pretreated with hydrocortisone acetate, to deplete thymus cortex cells are unable to secrete inhibitor in culture. These findings reveal that the cells producing inhibitory DNA synthesis in an animal made tolerant with a supra-optimal dose of antigen is an active blast transformed T cell (present in the spleen and thymus). In the thymus the cell making inhibitor appears to reside in the thymus cortex. Previous experiments have confirmed that an identical cell causes nonspecific immune suppression in vitro. We suggest that this cell produces in vivo tolerance in antigenic competition through the release of inhibitor to DNA synthesis. PMID- 6967095 TI - The role of the major histocompatibility complex in the regulation of macrophage T lymphocyte interaction. AB - The proliferative response of guinea pig T lymphocytes which have been primed in vivo can only be induced by antigen-pulsed syngeneic macrophages. The development of techniques to prime T lymphocytes in vitro has allowed us to demonstrate that the genetic restriction on the interaction of the macrophage and T lymphocyte is regulated by the Ia antigens of the macrophage used during the initial sensitization step. Following removal of alloreactive cells, T cells can be sensitized to antigen-treated allogeneic macrophages. It thus appears likely that T cells do not recognize antigen per se, but can only be sensitized to antigen modified membrane components or to complexes of antigen combined with certain membrane molecules. We postulate that the Ia antigens themselves are the products of the immune response genes and function in both macrophages and B lymphocytes as antigen recognition structures. PMID- 6967096 TI - Prostaglandin E2 as a modulator of macrophage-T lymphocyte interactions. AB - Sufficient data exist to implicate the monocyte-macrophage as the major source of prostaglandins in monocyte-macrophage-T lymphocyte interactions. Prostaglandin (PG) E2, a major prostaglandin synthesized by human monocyte-macrophages is able to modulate a variety of T lymphocyte reactivities including blastogenesis, lymphokine secretion, and cytotoxicity. The effect of PGE2 on T lymphocyte function varies according to the primary activating stimulus, the specific response under investigation, as well as the population of T lymphocytes involved. Some immunologic abnormalities found in clinical disease may in part derive from alterations occurring in the synthesis of PGE2 by monocyte macrophages or in the response of T lymphocytes to PGE2. PMID- 6967097 TI - The functional role of Langerhans cells. AB - Langerhans cells represent a subpopulation of mammalian epidermal cells. The recent findings that these cells are the only epidermal cells which express Fc IgG receptors, C3 receptors and Ia antigens support the early suggestion that they are related to cells from the monocyte-macrophage-histiocyte series. In this report, evidence is presented that epidermal Langerhans cell can replace Ia bearing macrophages in their capacity to induce antigen-specific and allogeneic T cell activation. The possible clinical implications of these findings are discussed with regard to the role of Langerhans cells as sensitizing factors in contact hypersensitivity and skin graft rejection. PMID- 6967098 TI - Bone marrow origin of Ia molecules purified from epidermal cells. AB - Using radiation bone marrow chimeras, we have shown that Ia molecules purified from epidermal cell preparations of the mouse reflect the Ia phenotype of the bone marrow donor. This result strongly suggests that Ia molecules are synthesized by a bone-marrow-derived cell in the epidermis. Furthermore, results of peptide map analysis of immunoprecipitated biosynthetically labeled Ia suggest that the Ia molecules found in skin are identical to those found on B lymphocytes. These results support biochemical as well as serologic identity. PMID- 6967099 TI - [Oral administration of a chymotrypsin-labile synthetic peptide, a new test for exocrine pancreatic function, and its diagnostic value in pancreatic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967100 TI - Interaction of platelets, von Willebrand factor, and ristocetin during platelet agglutination. AB - Ristocetin induces platelet agglutination in the presence of human factor VIII associated ristocetin cofactor (vWF). The specificity, extent, and tenacity of binding among these reactants during agglutination and deagglutination were examined. Purified human vWF polymers were radioiodinated and reisolated. Radioiodinated vWF, a disulfide-linked polymer of 230,000 dalton subunits, attached to formalinized human platelets only in the presence of ristocetin. This binding reached equilibrium within 30 sec, and as ristocetin concentrations were raised from 0.2 mg/ml, the extent of attachment increased progressively to reach maximum at 0.5 to 0.6 mg/ml ristocetin. Ristocetin-induced binding was inhibited by vancomycin, unlabeled-purified vWF polymers, normal and hemophilia A plasma, and rabbit anti-human vWF. Binding was not impaired by plasma without detectable vWF or by naturally occurring human IgG antibodies to factor VIII coagulant activity. When formalinized platelets were pelleted from suspensions containing 125I-ristocetin, small quantities of radiolabeled ristocetin associated with platelets both in the presence or absence of vWF. About 95% of the attached 125I ristocetin was removed by subsequent washes in buffered saline. The attachment of unmodified ristocetin or 125I-ristocetin to platelets, or the formation of complexes with vWF, could not be detected by agarose column chromatography, sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation, or equilibrium dialysis. These results indicate that (1) the initial binding of human vWF polymers to platelets is a specific interaction which requires the presence of ristocetin; (2) ristocetin and human vWF do not form persistent complexes in solution; and (3) the association of ristocetin and platelets is of low affinity. PMID- 6967101 TI - Measurement of canine von Willebrand factor using ristocetin and Polybrene. Diagnosis of canine von Willebrand's disease. AB - Dogs with VWD provide useful models for the study of the factor VIII complex. However, the study of canine VIIIR:WF has been hampered by the lack of a routine plasma assay for canine RCF, an activity that is usually used as a measure of VIIIR:WF. This study shows that canine plasma can be assayed for RCF with a macroscopic tilt-tube method using formalin-fixed human platelets, ristocetin, and extra canine albumin (5.0 mg/ml) to prevent plasma precipitation. An assay was also developed for canine plasma PBCF, an activity that is closely related to RCF. In 45 normal canine plasmas, VIII:C was not correlated with RCF, PBCF, or VIIIR:AG. However, RCF, PBCF, and VIIIR:AG were well correlated with each other. In 26 canine VWD plasmas, VIII:C was frequently normal, whereas VIIIR:AG, RCF, and PBCF were almost always deficient. The patterns of VIIIR:AG, RCF, and PBCF deficiencies in the canine VWD plasmas suggested that some canine breeds have a "classic" form of VWD whereas other breeds have "variant" forms of disease. PMID- 6967102 TI - Gastric devascularization with preservation of the left gastric artery for control of massive hemorrhage. PMID- 6967103 TI - Basal bone resorption in the rat fetus related to the hormonal status of the mother. AB - Fetal bone resorption was measured by an organ culture technique using fetuses from thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) pregnant rats to investigate the roles of fetal and maternal hormones in the regulation of basal bone resorption in utero. Thyroparathyroidectomized female rats were treated with thyroxine and/or metabolites of vitamin D3. Basal bone resorption was greatly increased in fetuses from TPTX mothers. Administration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,24,25 trihydroxycholecalciferol to TPTX female rats normalized the basal bone resorption of the fetus whereas injection of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol was without effect. Treatment of the TPTX mothers with thyroxine was also shown to normalize basal bone resorption in the fetus. PMID- 6967104 TI - Description of illness: limitations and approaches. AB - The collection of health information by diaries has raised questions about the limitations of existing diagnostic terms and taxonomies in describing ill health in an holistic fashion. Despite the advantage of the problem oriented medical record system in recognizing the social and psychological dimensions of illness, problem lists do not communicate the unique mix of problems for any individual. An argument is made for more anecdotal description of illness in medical records and more research to develop a systems approach to describe ill health. PMID- 6967105 TI - Interposition mesocaval shunt for management of bleeding from esophageal varices. PMID- 6967107 TI - Observations on the clinical value of emission tomography. AB - Data comparing emission computed tomography (ECT), transmission computed tomography (TCT), and radionuclide scintigraphy suggest that in many patients more accurate diagnostic information may be available from emission tomography. ECT was performed during a 4-mo period on 200 of 235 patients referred for brain scans. The data suggest that ECT has a 10% greater sensitivity than scintigraphy, and better specificity. The accuracy of ECT was comparable to that of TCT performed in this group of patients. Selected cases demonstrate areas in which ECT improved lesion detection. PMID- 6967108 TI - Seven-pinhole multigated tomography and its application to blood-pool imaging: technical parameters. AB - The application of seven-pinhole tomography has been predominantly to thallium 201 myocardial imaging. In view of the stationary nature of the collimator, with all views accumulating simultaneously, seven-pinhole tomography can be adapted to dynamic cardiac imaging, namely, multigated blood-pool imaging. Existing reconstruction software was modified to process the gated blood-pool data. The performance parameters of the seven-pinhole system were investigated at Tc-99m energy. This work provides an additional understanding of the seven-pinhole system as well as its potential application to abnormalities of ventricular wall motion or the quantitation of other cardiac parameters from reconstructed data. PMID- 6967106 TI - Effects of previous activity on the energetics of activation in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Effects of previous activity on the ability of frog skeletal muscle at 0 degrees C to liberate energy associated with contractile activation, i.e., activation heat (AH), have been examined. Earlier work suggests that activation heat amplitude (as measured from muscles stretched to lengths where active force development is nearly abolished) is related to the amount of Ca2+ released upon stimulation. After a twitch, greater than 2 s is required before a second stimulus (AHt) can liberate the same activation heat as a first stimulus (AH infinity), i.e., (AHt)/(AH infinity) = 1 -0.83 e-1.40t, where t is time in seconds. Caffeine introduces a time delay in the recovery of the ability to generate activation heat after a twitch. After a tetanus, the activation heat is depressed to a greater extent at any time than after a twitch. The activation heat elicited by a stimulus 1 s after a tetanus is depressed progressively with respect to tetanus duration up to 3 s. For tetani of 3, 40, and 80 s duration the postetanus activation heat is comparably depressed. The time-course of the recovery of the ability of the muscle to produce activation heat after a tetanus can be described as (AHt)/(AH infinity) = 1 -0.80 e-0.95t -0.20 e-0.02t. Greater than 90 s is required before the posttetanus activation heat is equal to the pretetanus value. The faster phase of recovery is similar to recovery after the twitch and the slower phase may be associated with the return of calcium to the terminal cisternae from uptake sites in the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6967110 TI - Folate metabolism in filariae. Enzymes associated with 5,10 methenyltetrahydrofolate and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate. AB - Adult Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia pahangi were found to possess the following folate-related enzymes that catalyze the formation of 5,10 methenyltetrahydrofolate (methenylFH4) or 10-formylFH4 (f10FH4): f10FH4 synthetase, methenylFH4 cyclohydrolase, f5FH4 cyclodehydrase, and a bifunctional complex composed of formiminoglutamate: FH4 formiminotransferase and 5 fomiminoFH4 cyclodeaminase. The properties of these filarial enzymes were generally similar to those of their counterparts from invertebrate and vertebrate sources, although each possessed one or more distinctive characteristics. PMID- 6967109 TI - The inflammatory response to lymph node cells from adjuvant-diseased rats. Relative contributions of donor and recipient cell populations. PMID- 6967111 TI - Development of Brugia pahangi in normal and nude mice. PMID- 6967112 TI - Vibrio parahaemolyticus endophthalmitis. AB - A healthy child developed V. parahaemolyticus endophthalmitis after receiving a perforating corneal injury while swimming in the Gulf of Mexico. Peculiar greenish anterior chamber and vitreous exudates were a striking feature of the infection. A history of ocular injury in a salt water environment should alert the clinician to the possibility of infection due to a marine Vibrio, and appropriate means should be employed for the isolation and identification of such organisms. PMID- 6967113 TI - Anti-inflammatory and analgesic profile of amidines of 3-amino-1,2,4 benzotriazine and 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1-oxide. AB - Several formamidine and acetamidine derivatives prepared from 3-amino-1,2,4 benzotriazine and 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1-oxide displayed an aspirin-like anti-inflammatory and analgesic profile. The test systems include adjuvant induced arthritis in rats, carrageenan-induced edema in rats, UV-induced erythema in guinea pigs, the analgesic gait test, the antipyretic test, and GI ulcer studies. PMID- 6967114 TI - Human uropod-bearing lymphocytes: relationship to lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6967115 TI - Human uropod-bearing lymphocytes: reversal of the serum inhibition of uropod formation by T lymphocyte mitogens. PMID- 6967116 TI - Psychological adaptation patterns in response to cardiac surgery. PMID- 6967118 TI - Featuring: physician responsibilities in medical record keeping. PMID- 6967117 TI - Influence of extracellular Cl concentration on Cl transport across isolated skin of Rana pipiens. AB - The effect of changes in Cl concentration in the external and/or serosal bath on Cl transport across short-circuited frog skin was studied by measurements of transepithelial Cl influx (JCl13) and efflux (JCl31), short-circuit current, transepithelial potential, and conductance (Gm). JCl13 as well as JCl31 were found to have a saturating component and a component which is apparently linear with Cl concentration. The linear component of JCl31 appears only upon addition of Cl to external medium, and about 3/4 of this component does not contribute to Gm. The saturating component of JCl31 is only 5% of total JCl31 with 115 mM Cl in the serosal medium. Replacement of 115 mM Cl- in external medium by SO4=, NO3-, HCO-3 or I- results in 87-97% reduction of JCl31, whereas replacement with Br- has no effect. As external Cl concentration is raised in steps from 2 to 115 mM, JCl13 and JCl31 increase by the same amount but JCl13 is persistently 0.15 mu eq/cm2hr larger than JCl31. These results indicate that at least 3/4 of linear components of JCl13 and JCl31 proceed via an exchange diffusion mechanism which seems to be located at the outer cell border. The saturating component of JCl13 is involved in active Cl transport in an inward direction, and there is evidence suggesting that Cl uptake across outer cell border, which proceeds against an electrochemical gradient, is electroneutral but not directly linked to Na. PMID- 6967119 TI - Radionuclide imaging of infarcted heart gives best estimate of damage. PMID- 6967120 TI - [Progress in the CT technics in nuclear medicine and pancreatic imaging]. PMID- 6967121 TI - [Measurements of the ventricular size by computed tomography on viewer console using fine matrix elements (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967122 TI - [Study of adrenal scintigraphy using PHO/CON (multiplane tomographic scanner) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967123 TI - Chromosome aberrations acquired in vitro by human B-cell lines. II. Distribution of break points. AB - Among 165 human B-cell lines examined, 57 were found to have karyotypic abnormalities that involved chromosome breakage. The sites of breakage were identified with quinacrine-, Giemsa-, and reverse-banding techniques, and the distribution of 239 break points was plotted. A pronounced excess of telomeric and, to a lesser extent, centromeric breaks was observed. Chromosomes No. 7, 8, 9, 11, and 14 were involved in structural rearrangements more often and chromosomes No. 2, 5, 10, 20, and X less often than was predicted on the basis of their relative lengths. Lines derived from patients with different categories of disorders varied in the distribution of break points throughout the karyotype. In this sample of cell lines, No. 8q; 14q translocations were found only in cultures derived from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and were never observed to arise among other Epstein-Barr virus-carrying lines even after several hundred cell generations in vitro. An additional feature, which was evidently restricted to lines derived from leukemia or lymphoma patients, was the presence of interstitial insertion, deletion, or reduplication, particularly involving the long arm of chromosome No. 1. PMID- 6967124 TI - Increased susceptibility to tumor cell immunosuppressive effect in tumor-bearing mice. AB - Compared to normal hosts, tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were more susceptible to the immunosuppressive effect of tumor cells. At least a tenfold increase was found in the susceptibility mediated by a population of radioresistant spleen adherent cells (AC). The experiments were performed by the study of the suppressive effect of tumor cells on the generation of cytotoxic T-cells in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture reactions and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture reactions. Fewer tumor cells were needed to suppress the T-cell-mediated cytotoxic responses of tumor bearers compared to normal hosts. A normal spleen population could be made to react like the tumor-bearing host by first depletion of its normal macrophages and then reconstitution with spleen AC from tumor bearers. Conversely, reconstitution of the macrophage-depleted tumor bearer's spleen with normal spleen AC made the tumor bearer react like the normal host. Furthermore, tumor cells were needed to trigger the spleen AC of the tumor bearer to fully exert their effect. PMID- 6967125 TI - Chromosome aberrations acquired in vitro by human B-cell lines. I. Gains and losses of material. AB - Gains and losses of chromosomes or chromosome arms were recorded in 45 of 165 human B-cell lines. Most aberrations were acquired in vitro, and their frequency was related to duration of culture. Gains occurred more frequently than losses and their distribution was nonrandom. Chromosomes most commonly affected were No. 3, 7, 8 (particularly 8q), 9, 12, and 21. Certain differences in the frequency of particular aberrations appeared to be related to the clinical conditions of the patients from whom the lines were derived. The distribution of chromosome gains in this material was correlated with those detected in direct preparations from human tumors. PMID- 6967126 TI - [Radionuclide determination of the state of the venous blood return to the heart in diagnosing pulmonary hypertension]. AB - The method for quantitative evaluation of the transfer of 90mTc-albumin bolus to the heart through the vena cava superior system in scintigraphy on the commonly used gamma chambers with a computer PdP-11/40 is substantiated. It was established that in patients with pulmonary hypertension the average pulmonary circulation time is reduced and the bolus is retained at the level of the trunk of the pulmonary artery, whereas in diminished contractility of the myocardium of the right heart the rate of venous blood return to the heart is reduced and the bolus is retained at the level of the subclavian vein. PMID- 6967127 TI - [Analysis of the late results of electropulse therapy in cardiology patients using the multivariate classification method]. PMID- 6967128 TI - [State of the humoral immunity system in stomach cancer patients in the preoperative period]. PMID- 6967129 TI - [Traumatic pancreatic cyst complicated by gastric hemorrhage]. PMID- 6967130 TI - [Complications of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6967131 TI - [2 cases of leiomyoma of the stomach and small intestine manifested by hemorrhage]. PMID- 6967135 TI - [Generalized nystagmometric characteristics for diagnostic tasks]. PMID- 6967133 TI - Interstitial nephritis in a patient with atypical Sjogren's syndrome. AB - A patient was observed with interstitial nephritis which resulted in renal tubular acidosis (distal type), tubular proteinuria and defective urinary concentrating ability in the absence of edema, elevated arterial blood pressure, glomerular proteinuria or abnormal urinary sediment. The presence of interstitial nephritis was established by renal biopsy which showed dense infiltrates in the interstitium, interstitial fibrosis and thickening and splitting of the pericapillary basal membranes. Immunofluorescence was non contributory. Extrarenal symptoms were discrete (arthralgia of both hands, Raynaud's syndrome upon cold exposure). Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) was suspected because of a positive ANF test (speckled pattern), which was completely abolished by ribonuclease pretreatment. However, in hemagglutination tests, no antibodies against ribonuclear protein (ENA) could be demonstrated. The diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome was established by demonstration of antibodies against SSA and SSB antigens. The observation suggests that in patients with interstitial nephritis the diagnosis of Sjorgren's syndrome must be considered even if extrarenal symptoms of Sjogren's disease are minimal or lacking. The diagnosis can be established with recent serological techniques. PMID- 6967136 TI - A difference between human B and T lymphocytes regarding their capacity to metabolize cortisol. PMID- 6967134 TI - [Principal results of physiological experiments with mammals aboard biosatellite "Cosmos-936"]. AB - The program of the 18.5-day flight of the biosatellite Cosmos-936 included studies of physiological effects of prolonged weightlessness (20 rats) and artificial gravity (10 rats). The latter produced a normalizing effect on the function of the myocardium, musculo-skeletal system and excretory system. Simultaneously, artificial gravity exerted an adverse effect on the functions dependent on several sensors, primarily optic, vestibular and motor sensors. It is postulated that the adverse effects are associated with a relatively high rate of rotation and a short arm of the centrifuge. PMID- 6967132 TI - [A case of incomplete form of achromatopsia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967137 TI - Lysophosphatidyl choline facilitates labeling of CNS projections with horseradish peroxidase. AB - Previously, it has been difficult to label sensory terminations in the CNS by back-filling peripheral sensory nerves with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), apparently because the amount of HRP transported along the axons is insufficient. Labeling of central sensory projections in axolotls and frogs can be improved by agents known to disrupt membranes. Of those tested, L-alpha-lysophosphatidyl choline is the most effective. The addition of this detergent ot the HRP solution dramatically increases both the number of axons labeled and the density of label within single axons. PMID- 6967138 TI - Acute epiglottitis in adults: experience with fifteen cases. AB - Fifteen adults with acute epiglottitis are discussed. Three required tracheostomy because of delayed diagnosis. There were no deaths. Epiglottitis occurs more often in adults than is generally recognized. The early symptoms of epiglottitis in adults are sore throat and dysphagia. Any patient with acute, painful dysphagia should have indirect laryngoscopy to rule out epiglottitis. Throat and blood cultures were obtained from 14 of our cases. Cultures from only two patients were positive for Hemophilus influenzae, type B; cultures from the other 12 patients did not grow any bacterial pathogens. The primary treatment of adult epiglottitis is intravenous steroids, antibiotics, and humidified oxygen. Observation by the managing physician is mandatory during the first four hours of treatment. Tracheostomy is indicated in progressive disease. PMID- 6967139 TI - Effect of fluoxetine and metergoline on amphetamine-induced rise in plasma corticosterone. PMID- 6967140 TI - [Therapy of acute sports injuries with the oral antirheumatic piroxicam]. PMID- 6967141 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease: a subsequent evaluation of the original 25 patients. PMID- 6967142 TI - Successful pregnancy after occlusion therapy for high-titre sperm antibodies. AB - A 32-year-old woman presented with a five-year history of primary infertility. In addition to anovulation associated with hyperprolactinaemia, she was found to have high titres of anti-sperm antibodies of agllutinating and immobilizing types. These were present in both serum and cervical mucus. After the regular use of condoms for nine months, all antibody titres fell dramatically and immobilizing antibodies became undetectable. Successful pregnancy quickly ensued. This report documents in thorough detail for the first time the sequential antibody changes associated with successful occlusion therapy. PMID- 6967143 TI - Cardiac valve replacement and coronary bypass grafts. AB - A retrospective, six-year survey of 72 patients who underwent combined cardiac valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting is presented. The average age was 58 years with a male to female ratio of 3.5:1. Eighteen patients were angina-free, their coronary disease being found by routine coronary arteriography. Fifty-eight patients (81%) had aortic valve replacements, 13 patients (18%) had mitral valve replacements, and one patient had a double valve replacement. Forty-one patients (58%) had a single coronary bypass graft. Total cardiopulmonary bypass times averaged two hours, and the average cold myocardial ischaemic time was 60 minutes. The operative mortality in the group was 8%, which did not differ significantly (chi 2 = 0.25; P greater than 0.6) from the operative mortality of 6% in 1400 operations either for single valve replacement or for isolated coronary grafts which were performed in the same six-year period. PMID- 6967144 TI - [Leading symptom: esophageal varices hemorrhage in a young man]. AB - Indicating sign: Esophageal hemorrhages in adolescence. Congenital hepatic fibrosis and infantile polycystic disease of the kidneys. A 17-year-old patient with hypersplenism and signs of portal hypertension came to clinical treatment after an esophageal hemorrhage. Rare syndrome of congenital hepatic fibrosis with portal hypertension and splenomegaly, with infantile polycystic disease of the kidneys and aneurysms of the splenic artery was recognizable by means of ultrasound, laparoscopy and angiography. Therapeutically splenorenal shunt and splenectomy were carried out. PMID- 6967145 TI - [Prolymphocytic leukemia: clinical, cytologic and immunologic findings]. AB - The clinical development and progress of disease in two women with prolymphocytic leukaemia are reported. The morphology of the leukaemic cells was the most important diagnostic criterion in both cases. In one patient the disease was characterized by immunological methods as being a B-cell leukaemia, in the other a T-cell leukaemia. At the time of diagnosis one patient showed the typical clinical symptoms like excessive lymphocytosis and splenic enlargement. In the other case no splenomegaly and only a slight lymphocytosis was found. During a period of 20 months without treatment the disease was only slightly progressive. Due to the favorable course of the disease in this case it may be concluded that the clinical picture of prolymphocytic leukaemia with distinct lymphocytosis and splenic enlargement is preceeded by a relatively long symptom free period. PMID- 6967146 TI - Muscarinic sites in the amphibian central nervous system: characterization and temperature studies. PMID- 6967147 TI - Intestinal calcium-binding protein (CaBP) and bone calcium mobilization in response to 1,24(R),25-(OH)3D3. Comparative effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24(R),25 (OH)2D3 in rats. PMID- 6967148 TI - Molecular basis of B cell activiation--II. Mitogenicity of cardenolide derivatives. PMID- 6967149 TI - Biochemical characterization of surface immunoglobulin. PMID- 6967150 TI - Isolation and characterization of biologically active Fc receptors of human B lymphocytes. PMID- 6967153 TI - Age-related defects in mammalian myocardium: effects of dexamethasone. PMID- 6967151 TI - Age-related weight changes in female C57BL/6J mice: nonpregnant body weight and extra-fetoplacental maternal weight throughout pregnancy. PMID- 6967152 TI - Metabolic interrelationships during aging: the heme metabolic pathways. PMID- 6967154 TI - Thyroid function and dysfunction in the elderly: a brief review. PMID- 6967155 TI - Geriatric psychiatry--an overview. PMID- 6967156 TI - Some observations on cardiology in the aged. PMID- 6967157 TI - Gastroenterology in the aged. PMID- 6967158 TI - Terminal pneumonia in the aged. PMID- 6967159 TI - Orthopaedic care in the institutionalized elderly. PMID- 6967160 TI - Rheumatic disease in the elderly. PMID- 6967163 TI - Cervical vaginal screening in the over 65 female. PMID- 6967161 TI - Common skin problems in an aged population. PMID- 6967162 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome following trivalent influenza vaccine in an elderly patient. PMID- 6967164 TI - Otolaryngologic care of the elderly. PMID- 6967165 TI - Progress in ophthalmology for the elderly since the 1971 White House Congress on Aging. PMID- 6967166 TI - Surgery in the elderly: attitudes and facts. PMID- 6967167 TI - Vascular surgery in the aged. PMID- 6967168 TI - Ambulatory management of lower extremity venous disease in the aged. PMID- 6967169 TI - Senile macular degeneration: clinical, histopathological, and ultrastructural studies. PMID- 6967170 TI - Research in geriatric medicine at the Jewish Home and Hospital for aged, New York -1944-1980. PMID- 6967171 TI - A medical school curriculum in gerontology and geriatric medicine. PMID- 6967172 TI - The role of radionuclide imaging in metastatic disease: the Mount Sinai experience. PMID- 6967173 TI - Sarcoid-like granulomas in secondary oxalosis: a case report. PMID- 6967175 TI - Mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle: report of a case successfully treated. PMID- 6967174 TI - Seborrheic keratosis with epidermal cyst. PMID- 6967176 TI - Anesthetic management of children for cardiovascular investigation. PMID- 6967177 TI - Successful medical treatment of a tuberculosis B-E fistula. PMID- 6967178 TI - Verruca planavulgaris. PMID- 6967180 TI - Thymectomy in the adult rat. PMID- 6967179 TI - Intracholedochal sodium heparin in the management of retained common duct stones. PMID- 6967181 TI - Ureteroileosigmoidostomy: a current appraisal. PMID- 6967182 TI - Radiologic notes. Obstructive lung disease with diffuse interstitial changes. PMID- 6967184 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 6967183 TI - Air pollution and its effects on adult asthmatics: a review. PMID- 6967185 TI - A non-anti-DNA antibody detected with the Crithidia lucillae anti-DNA assay. PMID- 6967186 TI - Patency of saphenous aortocoronary-bypass grafts demonstrated by computed tomography. PMID- 6967187 TI - No linkage between HLA and congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 6967188 TI - The prevalence of pathogentic and potentially pathogenic fungi on the apparently healthy skin of patients with neoplastic diseases. PMID- 6967189 TI - Carrier-priming leads to hapten-specific suppression. PMID- 6967190 TI - MHC restriction, self-tolerance and the thymus. PMID- 6967191 TI - Spontaneous transplantable lymphatic leukemia in Lewis rat (KPH-Lw-I). AB - A spontaneous transplantable acute lymphatic leukemia in Lewis rats (KPH-Lw-I) is described. It is transplantable regardless of age and sex in inbred Lewis rats. The leukemic cells are of a normal karyotype. The progress of the disease is very rapid with many similarities to human acute lymphatic leukemia. Attempts to grow these leukemic cells in adult Wistar rats were unsuccessful, but they grow in newborn Wistar rats. During two years about eighty passages were done and the course of the disease was similar to that found in the original Lewis rat. No evidence for B-lymphocyte markers was found on the surface of leukemic cells. PMID- 6967192 TI - [Intracranial calcinosis in computerized tomography]. AB - Computerized tomography is much more accurate in detection of intracranial calcifications than the classic radiological methods since in makes possible demonstration of small calcifications invisible on plain films. The diagnosis of intracranial calcifications in computerized tomography depends on the size and position of calcifications and on the thickness of the visualized strate. Computerized tomography makes also possible qualitative as well as quantitative assessment of the calcifications and their relation to the nervous tissue and fluid spaces of the brain. In many cases it enables diagnosis to be made without the necessity of carrying out further neuroradiological investigations with contrast media. PMID- 6967193 TI - [Objective evaluation of compensation of permanent loss of vestibular function]. AB - The method of quantitative assessment of the dynamics of compensation of peripheral equilibrium disturbances was applied in patients with sudden permanent unilateral loss of vestibular function of different aetiology. The course of compensation was assessed by means of the test of threshold excitability during rotation for establishing the threshold of practical compensation. It was found that the rate of the compensation process was influenced by: 1) greater adaptation of the central nervous system in young subjects, 2) earlier beginning of exercises. The clinical importance of early detection of the threshold of practical compensation and its significance for expert opinion are discussed. PMID- 6967194 TI - l-5-Hydroxytryptophan in depression: the first substitution therapy in psychiatry? The treatment of 99 out-patients with 'therapy-resistant' depressions. PMID- 6967195 TI - CT findings with cerebral hemiatrophy. AB - CT examination of 71 patients with cerebral hemiatrophy revealed dilatation of the ventricle and low density of the cortex of the involved side in all cases. Thickening of the calvarium and a shift of the midline were found in about half of the patients. PMID- 6967196 TI - Post-herpetic aneurysm in the intrapetrosal portion of the internal carotid artery. AB - The occurrence of an aneurysm, 2 x 2.5 cm in size, in the intrapetrosal portion of the internal carotid artery in a 24-year-old female patient, during the course of herpes zoster ophthalmicus, is described. PMID- 6967197 TI - Prolonged effects of large-dose methylprednisolone infusion in multiple sclerosis. AB - Three daily 1-gm doses of methylprednisolone were administered to 12 patients with multiple sclerosis. Granulocytes, lymphocytes, T and B lymphocytes, lymphocyte transformation in response to several mitogens and one antigen, plasma cortisol, and serum IgM and IgA all returned to baseline within a few days. However, total white blood count, unstimulated lymphocyte incorporation of 3H thymidine, hematocrit, serum IgG, and cerebrospinal fluid IgG synthesis remained altered 1 week after the infusion. The relationship of these changes to any clinical effects is unknown. PMID- 6967198 TI - T-cell malignant lymphoma; T lymphoid cells with complement receptors and helper cell activity. PMID- 6967199 TI - Indomethacin-mediated enhancement of lymphocyte response to mitogens; in treated and untreated Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6967200 TI - Management of infectious endophthalmitis. AB - Diagnostic anterior chamber and vitreous aspiration confirmed an infectious etiology in 78 of 140 eyes (56%) with suspected endophthalmitis. In 27 eyes the vitreous aspirate was positive, while the anterior chamber aspirate was negative. Intraocular antibiotics were used in 88 eyes including 50 which underwent therapeutic vitrectomy. Vision of 20/20 to 20/400 was achieved in 57% of recently operated, culture-positive eyes treated with intraocular antibiotics, and in 59% of those treated with combined vitrectomy and intraocular antibiotics. PMID- 6967202 TI - Oral pathoses as diagnostic indicators in leukemia. AB - A retrospective chart review of 500 leukemia patients was carried out to analyze the role of oral pathoses in the presentation of leukemia and to determine those factors which affect the frequency of oral involvement during the initial clinical phases of the disease. The data indicate that oral pathoses were frequent signs or symptoms in patients with undiagnosed acute leukemia but were less prevalent in patients with undiagnosed chronic leukemia. Neither age nor sex appeared to be a significant factor affecting oral involvement. Oral signs of thrombocytopenia were the most prevalent complaint of patients seeking diagnosis for their leukemia because of an oral problem, and they were also most frequently responsible for oral problems found at initial physical examination. Head and neck lymphadenopathy was also a frequent presenting sign or symptom. Dentists were responsible for initiating the diagnosis of leukemia in a significant number of patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6967203 TI - Correlation of preoperative immunologic test results with recurrence in patients with head and neck cancer. AB - Numbers and percentages of T and B cells in peripheral blood; blastogenic responses to PHA, Con A, and PWM; and serum levels of albumin, total protein, and IgA were assessed in patients with stages I to III operable squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive passageways in the head and neck. The patients were categorized into two groups: those who remained tumor free and those in whom cancer recurred. It was found that pretreatment PHA- and Con A induced blastogenesis was often depressed in patients in whom clinically apparent recurrences developed regardless of stage or nodal involvement. This point is consistent with the idea that cellular immune function (blastogenesis) can identify, within the clinical staging system (TN), subpopulations of patients who are less likely to survive after conventional therapy. PMID- 6967204 TI - [Child and environment. Mental health and psychosomatic aspects]. PMID- 6967201 TI - Prevention and management of traumatic endophthalmitis. AB - Twelve cases of traumatic culture-proven endophthalmitis were treated with intraocular antibiotics or in combination with vitrectomy. In 11 cases, the eyes were saved and in 10 the visual acuity was equal to or better than 20/200. PMID- 6967206 TI - [Histology of the thymus gland development in the human fetus]. PMID- 6967205 TI - [Effect of heparin and amben on blood coagulation activity in experimental acute ischemia of the extremities]. PMID- 6967207 TI - [Variants of lymphoblastic leukemia in children and their clinico-morphological and immunological characteristics]. PMID- 6967208 TI - [Evaluation of the results of treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy by means of selected physiotherapeutic procedures]. PMID- 6967209 TI - [State of the T- and B immunity systems in pulmonary tuberculosis with various conditions of the main bronchi]. PMID- 6967210 TI - [Dynamics of cellular composition of the thymus gland and bone marrow in experimental tuberculosis in mice]. PMID- 6967211 TI - [Case of Kartagener's disease]. PMID- 6967212 TI - [Effect of vitamins on spontaneous in vitro rosette formation by the lymphocytes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6967213 TI - Inheritance of acquired immunological tolerance to foreign histocompatibility antigens in mice. AB - CBA mice were rendered tolerant of major histocompatibility antigens of A/J mice by neonatal injection of 100 x 10(6) lymphoid cells of (CBA X A/J)F1 followed by repeated injections of F1 cells at 2-week intervals throughout the study. When adult (8 weeks old), 10 tolerant or normal CBA males were mated to normal CBA females. Spleen cells of the progeny were tested for their ability to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in vitro against A/J antigens or against C57BL/6J and B10.A (2R) antigens in a cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assay. A significant proportion (50-60%) of first-generation offspring of tolerant fathers failed to produce detectable anti-A/J cytotoxic responses but responded in the normal range to stimulation by C57BL/6J or B10.A (2R). Second-generation offspring derived from mating animals born of tolerant male parents--either brother x sister matings (incross or matings to normal CBA mice (outcross)--also showed a high proportion (20-40%) with diminished anti-A/J CML responses when similarly tested in vitro. Thus, a specific acquired somatic characteristic in the immune system (tolerance to major histocompatibility antigens) induced in male mice shows significant transmission to first- and second-generation offspring. PMID- 6967214 TI - Immunologic effects of whole-body ultraviolet irradiation: selective defect in splenic adherent cell function in vitro. AB - Splenocytes from mice receiving whole-body UV irradiation do not make a normal primary in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to the soluble T-dependent antigen trinitrophenylated poly(L-glutamic acid60L-alanine30L-tyrosine10). This impaired immune response results from a selective loss of antigen-presenting cell function in the splenic adherent cell (SAC) population of the UV-treated mice. SACs from UV-irradiated mice are unable to reconstitute a PFC response when added to normal splenocytes passed through Sephadex G-10 (which depletes adherent cells), whereas normal SACs, when added to Sephadex G-10-passed splenocytes from UV-treated mice, do restore a PFC response. The effect of in vivo UV irradiation on the SAC population is indistinguishable functionally from the effect of in vitro UV irradiation of SACs from normal mice. Possible explanations for this selective effect of external UV irradiation on SAC function are discussed. PMID- 6967215 TI - Alloantigen-induced T-cell proliferation: Lyt phenotype of responding cells and blocking of proliferation by Lyt antisera. AB - Cytotoxic T cells of the mouse express Lyt-1 as well as Lyt-2 and -3 on their surface, and T-cell cytotoxicity can be blocked by Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 (but not Lyt 1) antisera in the absence of added complement [Nakayama, E., Shiku, H., Stockert, E., Oettgen, H. F. & Old, L. J. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 1977-1981]. This analysis has now been extended to the study of the Lyt phenotype of T cells responding to alloantigens, concanavalin A (Con A), and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the effect of Lyt antibody on T-cell proliferation and the generation of H-2-specific killer T cells. H-2 (D/K and I), Con A, and PHA stimulation was abolished by pretreating responding cell populations with Lyt 1 antiserum and complement. Pretreatment with Lyt-2 or -3 antiserum and complement did not decrease alloantigen or Con A stimulation but did abolish PHA stimulation. Cytotoxic cells were not generated in H-2 alloantigen-primed cultures pretreated with Lyt-1, -2, or -3 antiserum and complement. When responding cells were cultured with Lyt antiserum in the absence of added complement, Lyt-2 or -3 antiserum (but not Lyt-1 antiserum) blocked alloantigen induced proliferation and delayed generation of killer cells. Under similar conditions, Con A and PHA stimulation was not blocked by Lyt-1,-2, or -3 antiserum. Evidence from these Lyt elimination and blocking tests and from direct Lyt phenotyping of responding cells leads to the following conclusions. Two populations of Lyt(+) cells are involved: Lyt-1(+)2(-)3(-) and Lyt-1(+)2(+)3(+). Current evidence does not favor the existence of Lyt-1(-)2(+)3(+) cells but indicates that pre-killer and killer cells derive from the Lyt-1(+)2(+)3(+) population and have a Lyt-1(+)2(+)3(+) phenotype. H-2 (D/K and I) and PHA stimulation ordinarily activate the Lyt-1(+)2(+)3(+) population, whereas Con A and I region or Mls locus antigens activate the Lyt-1(+)2(-)3(-) population. However, when Lyt-1(+)2(+)3(+) cells are eliminated or blocked by Lyt-2 or -3 antiserum, H-2 alloantigen stimulation leads to proliferation of the Lyt-1(+)2( )3(-) population. Blocking of H-2-induced proliferation by Lyt-2 or -3 antiserum adds further support to the possibility that molecules bearing Lyt-2 and -3 determinants are involved in T-cell recognition. PMID- 6967216 TI - Potential leukemic cells among bone marrow cells of young AKR/J mice. AB - Potentially leukemic cells have been identified among bone marrow cells of AKR/J mice from the age of 14 days onward. Transfer of AKR/J bone marrow into irradiated hybrid mice (AKR/J X DBA/2)F1 caused a high leukemia incidence (50 100%) of AKR origin, very often within a short latent period. Similar transfer of AKR/J marrow into irradiated AKR/J recipients did not enhance spontaneous tumor development. In contrast to the leukemic AKR cells that express the T-cell surface component Thy-1.1, the potential leukemic cells among bone marrow cells of young AKR mice were shown to lack the expression of this antigen. The development of preleukemic AKR marrow into overt leukemia in hybrid mice was dependent on the presence of an intact thymus and exposure of the recipients to x rays shortly before marrow transfer. Evidently, preleukemic AKR bone marrow undergoes sequential changes, affected by host factors, leading ultimately to development of overt leukemia. PMID- 6967218 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulation in patients with chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 6967217 TI - Phorbol esters induce differentiation in human malignant T lymphoblasts. AB - At nanomolar concentrations, phorbol ester, a class of potent tumor promoters, can promote differentiation in the human malignant T-lymphoblastic cell line MOLT 3. The optimal dose for induction, as measured by the increase of the number of cells containing sheep erythrocyte receptors (E-rosette assay), is between 8 and 16 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), although there were significant increases of E-rosette-positive (E(+)) cells at concentrations as low as 1.6 nM TPA. The induction was linear for 4 days, then it reached a plateau. This induction was independent of the cell densities of the cultures, and the viability of the E(+) cells remained high (95-100%) even after 10 days of culture in the presence of the tumor promoters. The E(+) cells, when measured with the more stable 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide E-rosette assay, indicated that virtually all (75-95%) of the MOLT-3 cells became E(+) by 4 days in culture. This induction by TPA was also accompanied by a dramatic drop in the plating efficiencies and a reduction in DNA synthesis. Examination of phorbol and other phrobol esters indicated that the ability to induce these cells correlated well with the tumor-promoting activities of these compounds, because only TPA and to a lesser extent phorbol 12,13,-dibenzoate induced E(+) cells, while phorbol and 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate had no effect. Studies of MOLT-3 cells depleted of E(+) cells indicated that the induction of E(+) cells cannot be explained solely on the basis of enrichment or stimulation of the background E(+) cells in MOLT-3 cultures. Finally, we have shown that TPA also affected another differentiation marker, the loss of the enzyme terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase. Terminal transferase activities and percentages of terminal transferase-positive cells in these cultures were reduced to as low as 1/10th in 4 days in the presence of 16 nM TPA. PMID- 6967219 TI - The effect of antidepressants on L-5HTP-induced changes in rat plasma corticosteroids. AB - The finding that L-5HTP will cause an elevation in rat plasma corticosteroids, presumably through generation of serotonin, has been utilized to evaluate the serotonin potentiating and antagonizing properties of a series of antidepressants. Fluoxetine and zimelidine were most effective in enhancing the effect of low dose (12. 5 mg/kg) L-5HTP. Agents such as chlorimipramine, viloxazine and opipramol were weakly active at potentiating L-5HTP and mianserin and dibenzepine were strong antagonists of the L-5HTP effect. Since antidepressants have been found to either potentiate or antagonize serotonin, it is difficult to envision that the antidepressants exert their therapeutic effect through serotongeric mechanisms. PMID- 6967220 TI - Current and voltage clamp studies on metabolic inhibition in frog atrial fibers by oligomycin. PMID- 6967221 TI - Skin circulation of the frog, Rana catesbeiana: distribution and dynamics. AB - The volume and distribution of blood flow to the skin of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, from both the pulmocutaneous and systemic arterial sources were measured. Radioactively labelled microspheres (35 +/- 5 micron) were used to map the regional distribution of each of these sources and to measure the systemic blood flow to the skin during air breathing and diving. Cutaneous artery blood flow was measured with an ultrasonic (Doppler) flowmeter. The systemic supply to the skin perfuses predominantly the limbs, while the largest cutaneous artery supply is to the back and flanks of the animal. All regions received blood from both sources. The cutaneous artery blood flow decreased during diving to approximately one-third of the pre-dive level. This decrease, however, was offset by an approximately equivalent increase in systemic blood flow to the skin during diving. These data should reconcile the decrease in pulmocutaneous blood flow and the important function of the skin as a gas exchanger during diving. PMID- 6967222 TI - [Experience with Naprosyn in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6967223 TI - [Early clinical diagnosis of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6967225 TI - [Endoscopic polypectomy in the early diagnosis of colonic carcinoma]. AB - 281 colonic polypectomies, some of which were incomplete, were performed in 202 patients, revealing the presence of 19 (6.8%) non-adenomatous polyps, 218 (77.6%) benign adenomas, 23 (8.2%) adenomas with superficial carcinoma, 12 (4.3%) adenomas with invasive carcinoma and 9 (3.2%) polypoid carcinomas. Malignant adenomas are found in patients of 30 and over, being 3.5 times more frequent when the polyp has villous patterns. Their incidence increases with the diameter of the poly. 21 patients (12.5%) were submitted to further surgery on the basis of endoscopic or histological data. The significance of endoscopic polypectomy is discussed. PMID- 6967224 TI - [Neonatal factors influencing infections and their severity in newborn infants]. PMID- 6967226 TI - [Therapy of juvenile disseminated histiocytosis X. First results of a prospective study at the pediatric section of the Swiss Work Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK)]. PMID- 6967227 TI - Developmental potential of somatic nuclei transplanted into meiotic oocytes of Rana pipiens. AB - Somatic nuclei, when transplanted into oocytes at the stage of first meiotic metaphase, were induced to undergo chromosome condensation and alignment on spindles. When the oocytes completed maturity in vitro and were activated, the somatic nuclei transformed into "fertilization" nuclei and promoted development through embryogenesis. Thus somatic nuclei can reversibly respond to cytoplasms directing either meiotic or mitotic events, and somatic nuclei from differentiated cells may be reversed by conditioning in oocytes. PMID- 6967228 TI - Biochemical analysis of human T lymphocyte differentiation antigens T4 and T5. AB - Two major functionally distinct T cell subsets in man have been defined with heteroantiserums and monoclonal antibodies directed against stable cell surface antigens that appear during thymic ontogeny. A monoclonal antibody to T4 antigen (anti-T4) is reactive with the peripheral inducer T cell population while a monoclonal antibody to T5 antigen (anti-T5) is reactive with the cytotoxic and suppressor population. Immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel were used to show that on human thymocytes or peripheral T cells the T4 antigen is a single 62,000-dalton glycoprotein while the T5 antigen is a complex of two glycoproteins, one being 30,000 daltons and the other 32,000 daltons. Similar glycoproteins have been isolated with antibodies to murine Lyt 1 and Lyt 2,3 antigens. Both the antigens defining the phenotypes of inducer and suppressor populations in man and mouse are structurally homologous. PMID- 6967229 TI - Intracoronary radiolabeled particulate imaging. PMID- 6967230 TI - Malignant lymphoma, lymphoblastic (T cell)--a case report. PMID- 6967231 TI - Chromosomes in tumors derived from mouse tumor x diploid cell hybrids obtained in vitro. AB - Hybrids formed in vivo between Cl.1D tumor cells and host cells have been shown to carry a copy of each chromosome pair contributed by the host cell parent (1). However, in these hybrids, the tissue type of the host cell parents remained unknown. In the present study, hybrids between the malignant Cl.1D fibroblasts and either normal diploid fibroblasts (CF hybrids) or normal thymocytes (CT hybrids) were examined. These hybrids produced tumors when injected into host mice. Metaphases of growing hybrid cell tumors were analyzed. Neither CF nor CT malignant hybrids showed loss of any specific chromosome pair contributed by the normal cell parent. Since elimination of any chromosome pair contributed by the diploid fibroblast parent is not a prerequisite for CF hybrid tumoral growth, it seems unlikely that malignancy of hybrids results from nonexpression of normal alleles of those genes putatively implied in malignancy of Cl.1D cells. PMID- 6967233 TI - Detection of circulating lung tumor antigen-sensitive T lymphocytes in the early stages of lung cancer. PMID- 6967232 TI - Identification of a trans-acting function regulation HLA-DR expression in a DR negative B cell variant. AB - Somatic cell hybridizations were performed between an HLA-DR negative variant of a human B lymphoid cell line (B-LCL) and normal unrelated B-LCLs. The HLA-DR codes for polymorphic determinants on a heterodimeric cell surface lymphocyte differentiation glycoprotein. A variant subline which was selected in a single step from a diploid heterozygous DR-1 DR-3 B-LCL had lost expression of both DR-1 and DR-3 and the heretodimer; it has been described earlier. In a fusion with a DR-2 B-LCL, the hybrids expressed DR-2 and reexpressed the DR-1 and DR-3 alleles. Similar results were seen in a fusion with a different normal B-LCL. Hybrid clones from both fusions were tested with a large number of alloantisera and essentially all informative sera showed reexpression. The results show that (1) the variant did not arise by mutations in the structural genes for DR-1 and DR-3; (2) the normal cells are supplying a missing gene product needed for expression of DR; (3) this gene product is capable of acting in trans. Chromosome counts showed that the apparent recessiveness of the variant in the hybrids was not due to chromosomal segregation. PMID- 6967234 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum. I. Induction of suppressor cells. AB - Treatment of B6AF1 (C57BL/6 x A/Jax) mice with either rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum (ATS) or with both ATS and sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) resulted in the generation of splenic suppressor cells within 5 days. Suppressor activity was determined by injecting secondary syngeneic recipients with both donor cells and SRBCs. Five days later the SRBCs hemolytic effect of their spleen cells was determined. Suppressor cells were found in either whole spleen or enriched T cell suspensions from mice treated with ATS and SRBCs and in only enriched T cell suspensions from mice treated with ATS alone. These results support the possibility that ATS induces a population of suppressor cells and that these cells may be responsible in part for the immune suppression noted after treatment with ATS. PMID- 6967235 TI - [Immunomodulating treatment of immunologic disorders in chronic pulmonary heart disease]. PMID- 6967236 TI - [Diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia]. PMID- 6967237 TI - [Case of isolated histiocytosis of the lungs]. PMID- 6967238 TI - [Impairment of desmofibrinogenic activity of blood as a cause of tissue regeneration disorder]. PMID- 6967239 TI - [Tumor of the epiphyseal region in a pregnant woman]. PMID- 6967240 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity as a result of successful chemotherapy of neoplasms]. PMID- 6967241 TI - [Artificial corneal implants (keratoprostheses) (author's transl)]. AB - The history of keratoprosthetics and the pioneer work of Cardona et al. is described and the technical improvements in this method over the past two decades are reviewed. In addition, the results achieved in 17 personal cases are recorded. Visual acuity was definitely improved in 7 cases, transient improvement was obtained in 5 cases, 3 patients retained poor vision, and 2 cases showed deterioration. Implantation of artificial keratoprostheses is still at a pioneer stage and further progress can be expected in this field. PMID- 6967242 TI - [Extra-articular manifestations of chronic polyarthritis. Immunologic aspects in rheumatology. Bone diseases with rheumatic symptoms. Round table conferences. 1978]. PMID- 6967243 TI - [Hemoblastoses and age]. PMID- 6967244 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of T-, B- and 0-lymphocyte populations in focal scleroderma]. PMID- 6967245 TI - [New dry nutrient medium made of nonfood stock for culturing vaginal trichomonads]. PMID- 6967246 TI - The cerebral ventricles of the dog. I. Ultrastructural features of supraependymal cells during the inflammatory response. AB - The present investigation examined the ependymal linings of the cerebral ventricles of the dog following a single intracisternal injection of the viable antigen, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). One or 3 days following the injection of BCG, animals were perfused with buffered aldehydes. Portions of the linings of the lateral, third and fourth cerebral ventricles were removed and routinely prepared for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Following BCG injection, a tremendous increase in the number of supraependymal cells is apparent throughout the entire cerebral ventricular system. Especially high concentrations of cells were observed on the ependyma overlying the following regions; the caudate nucleus, in the lateral ventricles; the interthalamic adhesion, lateral walls and floor of the third ventricle; lateral margin of the floor, lateral apertures and median sulcus of the fourth ventricle. The supraependymal cell population of infected animals was composed of macrophages, B lymphocytes, neutrophils, and lymphoblasts. Macrophages were found in highest concentration within these supraependymal cell populations. Furthermore, large aggregates of macrophages were observed on the ependyma overlying the interthalamic adhesion of the third ventricle and median sulcus of the fourth ventricle. It was suggested that these clusters may represent the early development of epithelioid granulomas. PMID- 6967247 TI - The R-threshold of the quick component. A new measure in electronystagmography. PMID- 6967248 TI - Obliteration of the ductus reuniens. AB - The ductus reuniens was successfully obliterated in 52 guinea pig ears. Histopathological study showed that a majority of these specimens demonstrated cochlear hydrops, saccular collapse and normal utricle. These results support the theory of longitudinal flow of endolymph from the cochlea toward the endolymphatic sac via the ductus reuniens and saccule. A major source of endolymph in the saccule appears to be the scala media. In another set of 11 animals in which the ductus reuniens was first obstructed and two months later the endolymphatic duct was blocked, endolymphatic hydrops was shown in the cochleae, saccules, and utricles of all but one. The evidence suggests that cochlear hydrops was caused by obliteration of the ductus reuniens, and the saccular and utricular hydrops occurred subsequently as the result of blockage of the endolymphatic duct. Remnants of otolithic membrane which were attached to the distended saccular wall indicate that the membrane which had collapsed onto the macula after obliteration of the ductus reuniens is capable of subsequent distension. This experiment supports the concept of endolymph flow from the utricle and canals toward the endolymphatic sac. A blocked cutus reuniens might also explain the pathophysiological basis for the auditory form of Meniere's disease. PMID- 6967251 TI - The measurement of vestibular-based functions in pre-school children. PMID- 6967250 TI - Circadian rhythm of tryptophan in normal volunteers. PMID- 6967249 TI - Clinical and experimental studies on the incorporation of materials applied as covering for the labyrinth window. AB - From among the materials used for covering the labyrinth window, of the foreign materials gelfoam proved ideal from clinical and experimental points of view, while of the materials of interstitial origin, fascia, perichondrium, and periosteum seem to be suitable for covering the labyrinth window, resp. for transplantations in the tympanic cavity. PMID- 6967252 TI - Charcoal sorbent-induced hypolipidemia in uremia and diabetes. AB - Rats with hyperlipidemia associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes or azotemia after subtotal nephrectomy were administered a diet containing 5% activated charcoal. Significant lowering of nonfasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels resulted. Charcoal-feeding also altered the abnormal high density lipoprotein electrophoresis pattern of diabetic rats toward normal. PMID- 6967253 TI - Immunoassayable beta-endorphin level in the plasma and CSF of heroin addicted and normal subjects before and after electroacupuncture. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate if plasma or CSF beta-endorphin level can be induced to rise during the treatment of heroin addiction by electroacupuncture. Based on the examination of 30 addicts, we obtained no evidence indicating an increase of beta-endorphin level in either the plasma or the CSF after 30 min of acupuncture. In spite of this, the majority of the addicts experienced a reduction of withdrawal symptoms during treatment. Since electroacupuncture may only induce a highly localized secretion of beta-endorphin in the brain, our results cannot unequivocally exclude the possibility that this peptide is involved in mediating the action of acupuncture. PMID- 6967254 TI - Characteristics of antibody to denatured DNA in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases. AB - Antibody to native (n-)DNA and denatured (d-)DNA were detected simultaneously and quantitatively in patients who had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other rheumatic diseases by the Millipore Filter method. In a group of patients who had SLE, 94% had antibody to both n-DNA and d-DNA; 6% had antibody to d-DNA only; serum that had antibody to n-DNA was not found. On the other hand, some of the patients who had progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and Sjogren's syndrome had antibody to d-DNA only. In order to estimate the participation of anti-d-DNA antibody to lupus nephritis, patients who had SLE were classified into two groups according to immunofluorescent glomerular stainings. In a group of patients whose sera had lumpy or granular stainings, the sera reacted predominantly with n-DNA. In contrast, in the other group of patients whose sera had mesangial or linear glomerular stainings, the sera had antibodies reactive with d-DNA predominantly. These difference of reactivity between the two groups were statistically significant (P less than 0.02). The results suggest that the antibody to d-DNA is less relevant to the severity of lupus nephritis. in the evaluation of disease activity and prognosis of patients who have SLE, it will be of value to estimate the nature of anti-DNA antibodies. PMID- 6967255 TI - Chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis: outcome of unstructured delivery. AB - Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was administered prophylactically to 786 patients judged to be at sufficient risk for development of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. The selection of patients, administration of the agents, and surveillance for compliance were the responsibility of the attending oncologists rather than specialists in infectious diseases, as in an earlier trial at this center. The recommended dosage was trimethoprim, 150 mg/sq m/day, and sulfamethoxazole, 750 mg/sq m/day. Over a three-year study period, nine cases of P carinii pneumonitis occurred at this institution, with none attributable to drug failure. Adverse reactions, skin rashes mainly, were noted in 43 patients, and one patient died with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. These results confirm the efficacy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in preventing P carinii pneumonitis in childhood cancer patients and illustrate the feasibility of large-scale unstructured delivery of the combination to patients with malignant diseases frequently associated with this pneumonia. PMID- 6967256 TI - Bacteremias due to Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae: their occurrence and course in children with cancer. AB - Nine Haemophilus influenzae and 24 Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremias occurring in children with cancer during the years 1968 to 1977 were reviewed. The number of bacteremias due to these organisms remained relatively constant, in contrast with a sharp decrease in bacteremias caused by other organisms during this period. The highest incidence of bacteremia occurred in patients with acute leukemias and the lowest incidence in patients with solid tumors. Twenty-seven of 33 episodes occurred while patients were receiving chemotherapy. Nine bacteremias were fatal, but concurrent or superinfections contributed to death in six of these. Children with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy seem to be at higher risk of bacteremia and meningitis due to H influenzae and Strep pneumoniae than are normal children. New approaches to the prevention of these infections, such as the use of bacterial polysaccharide vaccines, deserve investigation. PMID- 6967257 TI - Colonic varices. Three case reports and review of the literature. AB - Three cases of colonic varices are presented. An extensive review of the literature revealed 29 other cases, whose clinical summaries are included. The majority of patients had portal hypertension and almost always presented with hematochezia. The most fruitful diagnostic tests were sigmoidoscopy and SMA arteriogram. The best therapeutic regimen for the severe bleeder with colonic varices is portacaval shunt. PMID- 6967258 TI - Endoscopic appearance of gastric angiodysplasia in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID- 6967259 TI - Essential thrombocythemia in a child: platelet ultrastructure and function. AB - A nine-year-old black girl with essential thrombocythemia developed hemoptysis. Only two other cases in the English literature have been described. Ultrastructure and functional characteristics of this patient's platelets were studied. Twenty-six percent of the patient's platelets were very large (megathrombocytes). Spontaneous aggregated from the patient's platelets were not compact, and the pseudopods did not interdigitate. Both qualitative and quantitative defects in platelet organelles were detected. The microtubular system was faulty in organization. Furthermore, the number of granules (especially alpha granules) was reduced. Platelet aggregation studies demonstrated subnormal aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine, and collagen, but aggregation with ristocetin was normal. It is postulated that a platelet membrane abnormality may be the cause of their defective platelet aggregation. PMID- 6967260 TI - Karyocard: a cytogenetic identification care. PMID- 6967261 TI - Electron microscopic study of recurrent Reis-Bucklers' corneal dystrophy. AB - We studied the cornea of a 51-year-old woman with recurrent Reis-Bucklers' dystrophy with the transmission electron microscope. The patient had had a superficial keratectomy nine years earlier. The epithelium removed in a second keratectomy contained distended endoplasmic reticulum and swollen mitochondria. The basal layer showed some cells in mitosis and a slight increase in the number of dark cells. The anterior portion of the removed stroma contained dense collagen fibrils, with the appearance of curly fibrils, which is characteristic of this disease. There were also severe degenerative changes in the stroma. These changes in the collagen fibers and alterations in keratocytes of the deeper layers were less severe than those of the superficial layer. A biopsy of the bulbar conjunctiva showed reduplication of the basement membrane. PMID- 6967262 TI - Chemical bursectomy of chickens with colchicine applied to the anal lips. AB - To induce chemical bursectomy, 30 microliter colchicine dissolved in saline solution (1 mg/ml) was applied on the anal lips of White Leghorn chickens once daily for four consecutive days after hatching. Histologic characteristics of the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, cecal tonsils, and rectal wall were studied 1 7 days after hatching. Total necrosis of the lymphoid cells and the follicle associated epithelium in the bursa was observed during the four days of colchicine application. The bursal stroma remained unchanged, and only minor changes were found in the interfollicular surface epithelium. After colchicine application ceased, some regeneration of the epithelium, as evidenced by small epithelial buds, was found. At the end of the observation period the epithelial buds were often covered by the follicle-associated epithelium, which was capable of phagocytizing carbon. However, practically no lymphoid repopulation was seen in the buds. Since this method of colchicine application had no direct effect on other lymphoid organs or on the survival or weight of the chickens, this bursectomy model seems to be a new tool for use in studies of bursal function. PMID- 6967264 TI - Renal and peripheral vascular responsiveness to arginine vasotocin in bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - Arginine vasotocin (AVT), the amphibian neurohypophysial hormone, has pressor and antidiuretic actions in bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Much higher doses of exogenous AVT were required for the pressor response than those for the antidiuretic response. When bullfrog legs and kidneys were perfused under constant pressure simultaneously, the kidney vasculature was more sensitive to bolus injection of AVT than was the leg vasculature. The same was true when the tissues were perfused with different concentrations of hormone. AVT constricts preglomerular vessels in the bullfrog. We suggest that the preglomerular vasculature of the bullfrog is more sensitive to AVT than is the peripheral vasculature. This may explain in part the antidiuretic action of the hormone at nonpressor doses. Evolutionary speculations are discussed. PMID- 6967265 TI - Rehabilitation after knee ligament surgery. PMID- 6967263 TI - The Reed-Sternberg cell/lymphocyte interaction: ultrastructure and characteristics of binding. AB - Autologous T lymphocytes form broad, unspecialized, noninvaginating contacts with Reed-Sternberg cells in vitro. These differ from contacts between cytotoxic lymphocytes and their targets and from the uropodal type of lymphocyte adherence described in many antigen- (or mitogen-) dependent systems but show some resemblance to antigen-independent lymphocyte/macrophage contacts. Adherence is not confined to a specific T-cell subset; most adherent cells are negative for ANAE, Fc gamma, and Fc mu receptors. A minority have Fc mu or Fc gamma receptors or show ANAE staining. Adherence is dependent on divalent cations and intact surface proteins but is independent of temperature, cell metabolism, and intact microtubules and does not appear to be mediated by Fc gamma receptors or IgG. These characteristics distinguish it from immune T-cell/target-cell binding and from antigen-independent T-cell/macrophage or T-cell/B-lymphoblast binding. Contrary to previous suggestions, this interaction is not related to a cytotoxic attack. The lack of similarities with other lymphocyte adherence systems leads the authors to suggest that a unique receptor system is involved. PMID- 6967266 TI - Myocardial temperature differences as a guide to the order of coronary artery bypass anastomoses in high-risk patients. PMID- 6967267 TI - Large volume blood loss replaced with plasma expanders. PMID- 6967268 TI - [Induction of anaesthesia with etomidate and piritramide in valvular heart disease and coronary-artery disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967269 TI - [First results of emergency treatment in massive fulminant lung embolism by means of a rapidly injected streptokinase in a high initial dose (author's transl)]. AB - Five cases of patients with massive fulminant lung embolism are reported who were successfully reanimated in spite of one or several cardiac arrests by bolus injection of 750,000 to 1,000,000 I.U. streptokinase applicated intraveneously within a few seconds up to about 3 min. The effect of this rapidly injected high initial dose of streptokinase on the embolus in the A. pulmonalis and on the disturbed microcirculation in prefinale states of shock is discussed. In consequence of the aggressive therapy with streptokinase severe haemorrhagic complications occurred in all cases reported. As the patients would not have survived the massive fulminant lung embolism without this therapy it is concluded that in certain cases of fulminant lung embolism the bolus injection of streptokinase should be tried besides other measures of reanimation as a ultima ratio in spite of a contraindicated lysis. We think that this aggresive therapy is indicated for patients with massive fulminant lung embolism who were treated in a conventional way without success, who could not be operated or who had already suffered from a cardiac arrest. It is suggested to treat a massive fulminant lung embolism not only with conventional measures of reanimation but also with rapid i.v.-injection of 750,000 to 1,000,000 I.U. of streptokinase. PMID- 6967270 TI - Adverse reactions to human plasma proteins. AB - Adverse reactions to human plasma proteins range from mild urticaria to fatal anaphylaxis and may occur with virtually any blood product. The most common clinical settings appear to be whole blood transfusion in subjects with no previous history of reactions, or the infusion of fresh frozen plasma or injection of human immune serum globulin (HISG) to patients with known immunodeficiency. The immunological processes involved and the management of reactions are discussed. PMID- 6967271 TI - [Immunologic condition of the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Partial immaturity of the immunocompetent system is accounted for by the increased susceptibility to infections seen in human newborns. This immunodeficiency that includes specific and non-specific branches of immunity, affects both humoral and cellular components. Authors present a revision of the present knowledge, including their experience in this field. PMID- 6967272 TI - Antibiotic therapy in Lyme disease. AB - We studied antibiotic efficacy in 113 patients with erythema chronicum migrans, the first manifestation of Lyme disease. Erythema chronicum migrans and its associated symptoms resolved faster in patients given penicillin or tetracycline (median duration, 4 and 2 days, respectively) than in untreated patients (10 days; P less than 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). Erythromycin had no significant effect. Although the frequency of subsequent neurologic and cardiac abnormalities was similar in all four groups, significantly fewer patients given penicillin developed arthritis than did untreated patients (P = 0.001). Among 15 patients with arthritis who were followed for at least 29 months, the total duration of joint involvement was shorter in penicillin-treated patients (median, 4 weeks) than in untreated patients (17 weeks; P = 0.019). Although the clinical manifestations of the disease may fluctuate in frequency from year to year and influence apparent antibiotic effect, we conclude that penicillin therapy shortens the duration of erythema chronicum migrans and may prevent or attenuate subsequent arthritis. PMID- 6967273 TI - Cimetidine-induced granulocytopenia. PMID- 6967274 TI - Lyme carditis: cardiac abnormalities of Lyme disease. AB - We studied 20 patients, mostly young adult men, with cardiac involvement of Lyme disease. The commonest abnormality (18 patients) was fluctuating degrees of atrioventricular block; eight of them developed complete heart block. Thirteen patients had evidence of more diffuse cardiac involvement: electrocardiographic changes compatible with acute myopericarditis (11 patients), radionuclide evidence of mild left ventricular dysfunction (five of 12 patients tested), or frank cardiomegaly (one patient). Heart involvement was usually preceded by erythema chronicum migrans and sometimes accompanied by meningoencephalitis, facial palsy, arthritis, elevated serum IgM levels, or cryoglobulins containing IgM. The duration of cardiac involvement was usually brief (3 days to 6 weeks). The clinical picture in these patients has similarities to acute rheumatic fever; but in Lyme disease, complete heart block may be commoner, myopericardial involvement tends to be milder, and valves seem not to be affected. PMID- 6967275 TI - Post-tetanic membrane potential in single axon and myelinated nerve trunk. PMID- 6967277 TI - [Rupture of a hemorrhagic pseudocyst of the pancreas resulting in gastro intestinal bleeding and hemoperitoneum. Two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967276 TI - Secretion and processing of a precursor to the usual exopenicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C. PMID- 6967278 TI - Cell surface markers in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - During the last nine years, two important methodologies have been used to characterize the cell surfaces of normal lymphocytes and malignant lymphoblasts. Normal mature T-cells have a receptor for sheep erythrocyte (E+) while mature B cells bear membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecules (sIg+). These two findings can be used to divide acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood into three major groups; B-cell leukemia (sIg+ E-), which is rare (approximately 2 percent) and has the poorest prognosis, T-cell leukemia (sIg-, E+) which is more common (10 percent) but also has a poor prognosis and null cell leukemia (sIg-, E-) which is the most common (85 percent) and has the best prognosis. By the use of additional immunological methods, subgroups within T-cell leukemia and null cell leukemia have also been proposed. One of the most valuable of these additional methods is the detection of surface antigens. Three of the more commonly detected antigens currently being evaluated are (1) common leukemia antigen (cALL), (2) a normal B Lymphocyte antigen the Ia antigen (Ia) which is not generally expressed on most T lymphocytes and (3) a normal T lymphocyte antigen (T) not expressed on B lymphocytes. Within null cell leukemia, the most commonly identified and probably the largest subgroup if Ia+, cALL+, T-, E-, sIg-. In another but smaller subgroup within null cell leukemia, the lymphoblasts contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin but do not express surface immunoglobulins or E receptors. This subgroup is designated pre B-cell leukemia. Subgroups with T-cell leukemia have also been suggested. These include T+ E-, T+ E+, in which the rosettes are thermolabile and T+ E+, in which the rosettes are thermostable. Whether or not there are any prognostic differences in these three subgroups remains to be determined. PMID- 6967279 TI - Partial trisomy 8 mosaicism with 46,XX/46,XX-8,+dic(8). AB - We report a girl with partial trisomy-8 mosaicism whose clinical findings were those of the Warkany et al. (1962) [17] or trisomy 8 syndrome. A dicentric autosome, dic(8) (qter leads to p21::p21 leads to qter), was found in all abnormal cells and evidence is presented that one centromere was inactive, allowing the dicentric to behave as a monocentric chromosome. The parents had normal karyotypes. PMID- 6967280 TI - Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10. AB - A patient who had a karyotype 46,XY, del (10) (q11q21) is reported. The clinical findings in this boy included significant development delay and what appeared to be a combination of positional deformities and minor anomalies. PMID- 6967282 TI - The Aarskog syndrome. PMID- 6967281 TI - De novo paracentric inversion in a microcephalic boy: 46,XY, inv(14)(q13q24). AB - A 3 1/2 year-old severely microcephalic male is reported with a paracentric inversion in the long arm of a chromosome 14. This is the second report of nonfamilial paracentric inversion in man. PMID- 6967284 TI - A new pericentric inversion of chromosome 6 in an abnormal infant. AB - An apparently de novo case of a previously unreported pericentric inversion of a No. 6 chromosome present in an abnormal infant is described. The possibility of an association between the abnormal karyotype and phenotype is discussed. The authors express the desirability for precise documentation of balanced chromosomal rearrangements. PMID- 6967283 TI - Identification of the origin of a 22p+ chromosome by triplex dosage effect of LDH B, GAPHD, TPI and ENO2. AB - A 33p+ chromosome in the lymphocytes of an infant with mental deficiency and congenital malformations was found to be a de novo translocation that could not be characterized by banding methods. The demonstration of a dosage effect for four enzymes--TPI, GAPHD, LDHB, and ENO2--in the infant's erythrocytes was consistent with trisomy 12p. The observation demonstrates the usefulness of information provided by the human gene map in the characterization of small chromosome imbalances which defy accurate identification by available banding techniques. PMID- 6967285 TI - [Partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3. Report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - A patient with partial deletion 3p is reported. Only one other patient has been previously reported in the literature. Features the two share include microcephaly, failure to thrive, ptosis, symophrys, a broad and flat nose, a prominent maxilla, an over developed chin, and an increased number of loops on the finger tips. These observations are compared in type and countertype with known observations of trisomy 3p and of 3q duplication/3p deletion. PMID- 6967286 TI - Carpal and tarsal osteolysis. AB - A 34-year-old male is reported with carpal and tarsal osteolysis syndrome. In addition he presented a fluctuating proteinuria and a slightly reduced renal function. The relevant literature on the subject is reviewed and the combination of carpal and tarsal osteolysis with nephropathy is discussed. PMID- 6967287 TI - A simple assay for uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase activity. AB - A simple fluorescent test for the activity of blood uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase which converts uridine diphosphate galactose to uridine diphosphate glucose is described. The enzyme activity is visually estimated by to reduction of NAD+ (non fluorescent) to NADH (fluorescent) in a coupled reaction with uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase. The appearance of fluorescence indicates that epimerase activity is present in the sample. The usefulness of this test in newborn screening programs for inborn errors of galactose metabolism is stressed. PMID- 6967288 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum, defective DNA repair--and schistosomiasis? AB - Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is more common in Japan and Egypt than in Europe and America. Some unidentified selective advantage for the carrier of an XP gene is the probable explanation for these regional increases. The question then arises as to what unusual environmental factor(s) Japan and Egypt, otherwise so disparate, might share that is not shared by most of the Western World. The dependence on flooded lands for crop production is one such feature, and human schistosomiasis has been a consequence in both places. The second question becomes, therefore, how might this parasitism be responsible for an increased frequency of XP genes? Schistosomal cercariae, being phototropic, may be assumed to suffer considerable sunlight damage to their DNA immediately before they penetrate the integument of some vertebrate. The hypothesis is advanced that they obtain assistance from their vertebrate host in repairing this damage. Should that be the case, a host less proficient than normal at providing such assistance -as the XP heterozygote might be--, would promote the survival and maturation of relatively few parasites, and thus resist the general debility associated with heavy adult-worm burdens. In a broader sense, the hypothesis suggests that a host can acquire a degree of resistance to a parasite as result of a mutation that affects some essential biochemical mechanism in which the parasite depends on the host for assistance. PMID- 6967289 TI - Assignment of the gene coding for human catalase to the short arm of chromosome 11. AB - Human and murine catalases can be separated electrophoretically as single bands of different mobility. In man-mouse somatic cell hybrids, however, detection of human catalase is precluded by the complexity of banding patterns resulting from interference of a catalase-modifying enzyme activity. We have identified human catalase in hybrid clones by Laurel electrophoresis employing a specific anti human catalase antibody, and by exploiting heat stability differences. Catalase co-segregates with LDH A and is probably located on the short arm of chromosome 11. PMID- 6967290 TI - [Utilization of chromosome markers and HLA antigens for prenatal identification of the male parent in artificial insemination for genetic reasons (author's transl)]. AB - In cases of artificial insemination for genetic indication, it may be useful to determine that in fact the foetus is the result of AID. Chromosome markers may or may not provide an answer, when HLA typing of amniotic fluid cells can. PMID- 6967291 TI - ["True" microcephaly with dominant-inheritance chorioretinal dysplasia]. AB - Within the heterogeneous group of microcephalies, a syndrome can be defined characterized by microcephaly, mental retardation, and chorioretinal dysplasia, often also with microphtalmia and embryonic remnants such as persistance of the primitive vitreum. Although this condition is usually considered autosomal recessive, the authors report a family observation consistent with dominant transmission. PMID- 6967292 TI - [Observation of the first mitose cycle of human lymphocytes after ten days in culture (author's transl)]. AB - A technique is described which allows the observation of the first in vitro division of human lymphocytes following a long lag period with no mitotic activity. This technique is useful when studying the effect of chronic aggressions on the chromosomes. PMID- 6967293 TI - Prenatal diagnosis in the presence of an extra small chromosome in amniotic cell culture. AB - The amniotic fluid of a 20 years old Caucasoid woman was brought in for analysis because of a previous child with anencephaly. Q-banded karyotypes disclosed 47,XY, +mar. Clinical significance of this karyotype could not be determined. The couple elected therapeutic termination but were denied because the pregnancy was over 23 weeks gestation. Her blood culture revealed also 47,XX, +mar. Silver staining revealed the marker chromosome bisatellited. C-banded karyotypes revealed the marker chromosome with one C-band. This inherited marker chromosome, composed of satellites, stalks, and constitutive heterochromatin without other observable chromosomal material present, suggested that it may be genetically inactive. A normal baby boy was delivered and his 47,XY, +mar karyotype confirmed. In addition to the family study, silver staining and the C-banding procedures are indicated to determine the morphology of satellites, stalks, and constitutive heterochromatin, and the presence or absence of other chromosomal materials in the extrasmall chromosome in amniotic fluid cultures. PMID- 6967294 TI - Antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime, a beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin. AB - The in vitro activity of ceftizoxime was compared with that of other beta-lactam antibiotics against 538 isolates. Ceftizoxime was the most active agent tested against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella, inhibiting 80% at 0.025 microgram/ml. It was more active than cefotaxime against Enterobacter cloacae and E. aerogenes. Ceftizoxime was more active than cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and carbenicillin against Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus. It inhibited 97% of multiresistant Serratia isolates at 12.5 microgram/ml, whereas cefotaxime inhibited only 19%. Ceftizoxime was less active than cefotaxime and cefoperazone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but was more active than carbenicillin. It was more active than cefotaxime and cefoxitin against Bacteroides. It was not appreciably destroyed by beta-lactamases of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, or Pseudomonas. PMID- 6967295 TI - Activity of beta-lactamase produced by Bacteroides fragilis against newly introduced cephalosporins. AB - The purified beta-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis hydrolyzed newly introduced cephalosporins including cefuroxime and HR 756, and was inhibited by 7 alpha methoxylated cephalosporins such as 6059-S and YM09330. PMID- 6967296 TI - 5-epi-Sisomicin and 5-epi-Gentamicin B: substrates for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that retain activity against aminoglycoside-resistant bacteria. AB - A number of bacterial strains, each possessing a different aminoglycoside modifying enzyme, were examined for susceptibility to sisomicin and gentamicin B and the semisynthetic derivatives 5-epi-sisomicin and 5-epi-gentamicin B. Although strains possessing AAC (6') or APH(3') enzymes were equally resistant to the 5-epi-compounds, those possessing AAC(3)-I, ANT(2"), or AAC(2') enzymes were much more sensitive to the 5-epi derivatives. Analysis of partially purified aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes from the strains showed that the 5-epi compounds were substrates even for those enzymes found in susceptible strains [AAC(3)-I, ANT(2"), and AAC(2')]. However, a more detailed study of the enzymes showed that they had much increased Km values for the 5-epi derivatives; the 5-epi compounds were much less effectively modified than the parent antibiotics. This confirms and extends the notion that enzymatic modification of aminoglycosides is not in itself sufficient to confer resistance to the drugs, but also that the modification must be efficient, as reflected in the Km values. PMID- 6967297 TI - TEM-type beta-lactamase production in Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - A TnA-containing 6.0-megadalton plasmid (pJB1) isolated from Haemophilus ducreyi was shown to code for a beta-lactamase similar to the TEM-1-type beta-lactamase originating from the ampicillin transposon Tn2. PMID- 6967298 TI - Production of beta-lactamase by coagulase-negative staphylococci. PMID- 6967299 TI - Light-induced spectral changes of carotenoids in chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. PMID- 6967301 TI - Single catheter technique for cardioplegia and venting during coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Two areas of current controversy concerning coronary artery bypass operations involve the use of cardioplegia and the need for left ventricular venting. We wish to describe a very simple, safe, and effective method of accomplishing both cardioplegic arrest and venting using a single 14-gauge catheter inserted into the aortic root. PMID- 6967300 TI - A biochemical study of the portein composition of frog sciatic nerve as a function of pH, heat treatment, and enzyme digestion. PMID- 6967302 TI - Strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed hosts. Presentation as massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Two cases of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in immunosuppressed patients were due to complicated infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis. The very high mortality of disseminated strongyloidiasis may in part be attributed to delays in diagnosis and treatment resulting from the complex life cycle of this nematode. Successful therapy in the cases presented consisted of reduction of corticosteroid dosage, use of thiabendazole in excess of that recommended for uncomplicated infestation, parenterally administered nutrition, multiple transfusion of blood products, and vigorous supportive management. Emphasis is given to proper categorization of patients and measures designed to prevent, detect, and treat hyperinfection in patients in whom immunosuppression is anticipated. PMID- 6967303 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus. Some contemporary laboratory aspects. AB - A summary of some of the important laboratory features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is presented. Emphasis is given to the sensitivity and specificity of the antinuclear antibody test, the relevance of particular antinuclear antibody patterns, and the status of testing for antibodies to DNA. Serum complement abnormalities in the patient with SLE are briefly reviewed, and the utility of the total hemolytic complement assay is stressed. The increasing evidence for disordered immune regulation in SLE is considered. Particular attention is given to the role of antilymphocyte antibodies and in vitro assays that permit an assessment of functional lymphocyte subsets. The heterogeneity of the SLE patient population and the influence of treatment and/or disease activity on laboratory results is repeatedly emphasized. PMID- 6967304 TI - Electrical stimulation of the callus formation by means of bipolar rectangular pulse sequences. AB - The clinical application of the electrical stimulation, lasting several weeks, for the callus formation is reported in 11 patients. Bipolar rectangular pulse sequences were used for the stimulation at a frequency of 1 Hz and a current intensity of +/-20mu amp. The electrical stimulation was successfully employed after distraction osteotomies with a KDA-apparatus in shortening of the leg provoked by different causes or in the treatment of pseudarthroses. The realignment of the newly formed callus and the osseous consolidation are stimulated and speeded up by the bipolar rectangular pulse sequences as it is also shown in the light of the roentgenograms of a case. PMID- 6967305 TI - [Malignant T-cell lymphoma with osteomyelitis-like bone infiltration]. AB - After a short review on the late literature, existing about various forms of acute lymphoblastic leucemias, it is reported on a rare case of malignant T-cell Lymphoma with ostemyelitis-like, painfull bone infiltration. The clinical symptoms, as well as differential-diagnostic criterias to other leucemias are described. PMID- 6967306 TI - [Morphologic aspects of the results of intravascular embolization of patients with gastric hemorrhages]. AB - The paper describes morphological alterations of 15 stomachs after endovascular embolization of the gastric artery performed for gastric hemorrhages of different etiology. Introduction of hemostatic sponge into the gastric artery results in thrombosis of its lumen followed by organization and recanalization of the thrombus. Elements of the hemostatic sponge do not resolve 1 1/2 months after introduction but do not prevent thrombus formation. Complications of embolization include the development of acute ulcers and necrotic foci in the gastric wall the extent of which depends on the development of network of intraorgan anastomoses. Complications of embolization may be prevented depending on the rate of its performance and previous alterations of the arterial walls. Epithelization of chronic gastric ulcers after embolization of the gastric artery proceeds rather slowly. PMID- 6967307 TI - Haemophilus influenzae ophthalmia neonatorum. AB - Haemophilus influenzae is an occasional cause of ophthalmia neonatorum. Recently, this organism has exhibited a change in its epidemiology and has been identified as a cause of severe neonatal infections. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the changing susceptibility of neonates to severe infections with H influenzae and the possibility that H influenzae ophthalmia neonatorum can be associated with these infections. PMID- 6967309 TI - Hamartomas of the cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal: report of two cases. AB - Most mass lesions of the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle are neoplastic, expansile, and eventually symptomatic. We report two cases of neurogenic hamartomas at these anatomic sites. In a patient with unrelated auditory or vestibular symptoms, such a developmental lesion might result in false-positive posterior fossa contrast results. PMID- 6967308 TI - Therapy of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: miconazole or amphotericin B for coccidioidal and candidal infection. AB - Three patients with endogenous fungal endophthalmitis were treated intravenously with miconazole. Two patients had disseminated coccidioidomycosis, and one patient had disseminated candidiasis. Intraocular mycotic infections developed in one patient undergoing therapy, and progressed in two others also undergoing therapy. All three patients' ocular infections improved after therapy was switched to intravenous amphotericin B administration. Previous experience with miconazole and amphotericin B therapy for fungal endophthalmitis is reviewed. Whereas several failures have been noted with amphotericin B and success with miconazole, our experience suggests systemic administration of amphotericin B may be superior to systemic administration of miconazole for intraocular mycoses, although further clinical data are urgently needed. PMID- 6967311 TI - Granulocyte/macrophage-, megakaryocyte-, eosinophil- and erythroid-colony stimulating factors produced by mouse spleen cells. AB - The formation of mature haemopoietic cells is controlled by hormones that specifically stimulate the progenitor cells of the granulocyte/macrophage, eosinophil, megakaryocyte and erythroid pathways. PWMSC medium (pokeweed-mitogen stimulated spleen-cell-conditioned medium) is known to contain the biological activities that control the clonal proliferation of these four progenitor cells in vitro in semi-solid agar cultures. In this study the molecular properties of these biological activities were characterized, and all four colony-stimulating factors appear to be associated with glycoproteins. These factors were precipitated between 50 and 80%-satd. (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and could be concentrated by ultrafiltration over a 10000-mol.wt.-cut-off hollow-fibre membrane. Megakaryocyte- and erythroid-colony-stimulating factors were lost when the conditioned medium was dialysed at low ionic strength (<0.03m). Neither asialo- nor sialo-erythropoietin was detectable in concentrated PWMSC medium or in the fractions purified from it by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The factors bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose were eluted with alpha-methyl-d-glucopyranoside (0.10m). Analysis by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 indicated that the apparent molecular-weight distributions of all colony-stimulating factors were identical (37000). Treatment with neuraminidase did not alter the biological activities of any of these factors, but when the molecular weights were analysed, after neuraminidase treatment, on Sepharose CL-6B in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride (6m) all were eluted with a mol.wt. of 24000. Although the apparent molecular weights of the different factors were identical, charge differences were detectable by isoelectric focusing on thin-layer granulated gels. There appeared to be considerable charge heterogeneity associated with each factor, as all were focused over 2-4 pH units. The maximum activity of the granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor on isoelectric focusing was at pH4.8, whereas the maximum activity for the eosinophil-colony-stimulating factor was at pH5.8. The erythroid- and megakaryocyte-colony-stimulating activities were detected in the pH ranges 4.8-5.8 and 4.6-7.1 respectively. Chromatographic differences between the granulocyte/macrophage- and eosinophil-colony-stimulating factors were also detected by hydrophobic chromatography at low ionic strength (0.15m-NaCl) on Cibacron Blue-Sepharose and at high ionic strength [2m (NH(4))(2)SO(4)] on phenyl-Sepharose. Eosinophil-colony-stimulating factor bound more strongly than the other factors to both matrices. The megakaryocyte- and erythroid-colony-stimulating activities were always associated with those for granulocytes/macrophages and eosinophils. Preparations highly enriched for eosinophil-colony-stimulating factor were also obtained by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. An overall purification of 100-fold for all of the factors was achieved with the present techniques, and, although differences were observed, only granulocyte/macrophage-stimulating factors and a small proportion of the eosinophil-stimulating factors could be completely separated from the others. Our results are consistent with the existence of separable factors for granulocyte/macrophage and eosinophil stimulation, but the megakaryocyte- and erythroid-stimulating activities were always associated with the granulocyte/macrophage- and eosinophil-stimulating activities. Thus there may be one molecule that is able to stimulate all four colony types or four very similar molecules that are difficult to separate. PMID- 6967312 TI - Properties of a glycopeptide isolated from human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. Interaction with leucoagglutinin and anti-(human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein) antibodies. AB - A sialylated glycopeptide isolated after Pronase digestion of human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein behaves as a powerful monovalent hapten in the precipitin reaction between human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and leucoagglutinin, but fails to inhibit the interaction of the glycoprotein with rabbit anti-(human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein) antibodies. The glycopeptide is much less active than the intact glycoprotein as an inhibitor of lymphocyte transformation induced by leucoagglutinin. PMID- 6967310 TI - Modulation of tension generation at the myofibrillar level -- an analysis of the effect of magnesium adenosine triphosphate, magnesium, pH, sarcomere length and state of phosphorylation. PMID- 6967314 TI - In vitro translation of epoxide hydratase messenger RNA. PMID- 6967313 TI - The effect of prostaglandins on 11-beta hydroxylase activity in bovine adrenocortical mitochondria. PMID- 6967315 TI - A new method for determining the number of RNA polymerases active in chromatin transcription. PMID- 6967316 TI - Retinoids block ornithine decarboxylase induction in cells treated with the tumor promotor TPA or the peptide growth hormones, EGF and SGF. PMID- 6967317 TI - Staphylococcal delta-hemolysin inhibits cellular binding of epidermal growth factor and induces arachidonic acid release. PMID- 6967319 TI - The effects of phosphate on the structure and stability of the luciferases from Beneckea harveyi, Photobacterium fischeri, and Photobacterium phosphoreum. PMID- 6967318 TI - Inhibitors of 125I-epidermal growth factor internalization. PMID- 6967320 TI - Metabolism of 5' deoxy-5'[35S]-isobutyl-thio-adenosine (SIBA) in rats and mice. PMID- 6967321 TI - Effect of various iron chelating agents on DNA synthesis in human cells. PMID- 6967322 TI - [Influence of p-amino-benzoic acid on the hexachlorobenzene induced porphyria in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of p-amino-benzoic (PAB) acid on the experimental hexachlorobenzene (HCB) induced hepatic porphyria of female Wistar rats was determined under different conditions: Neither a simultaneous HCB-PAB application (prophylactic administration) nor the PAB application after manifestation of the HCB-porphyria (therapeutic administration) influenced significantly the excretin of urinary porphyrins or precursors (porphobilinogen or 5-amino-levulinic acid). PAB application decreased the cytochrome P-450 content in the liver of the rats whereas HCB incuded enzymatic activity of this monooxygenase measured by the O dealkylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin was not diminished by PAB application. The glycine concentration and the glycine content of rat livers were not decreased by the simultaneous HCB-PAB treatment in contrast to PAB controls. These findings are discussed and the conclusion is drawn that there might be different types of human porphyria cutanea tarda. The predominently exogenously induced PCT in men and the HCB induced porphyria in rats cannot be influenced by PAB application. PMID- 6967323 TI - Surgical treatment of total occlusion of left coronary artery and significant stenosis of right coronary artery. PMID- 6967325 TI - Thallium-201 exercise myocardial imaging to evaluate myocardial perfusion after coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6967326 TI - The radioimmunoassay of a pregnancy specific-beta 1-glycoprotein in plasma as a pregnancy test for subfertile women. AB - We used a pregnancy specific-beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) radioimmunoassay to monitor 72 menstrual cycles of 38 apparently subfertile women who were trying to become pregnant. Blood samples were taken up to day 42 from the start of the previous menstrual cycle. Using serum SP1 levels greater than 6 micrograms/1 as indicative of pregnancy, we obtained 16 positive results of which 11 were later confirmed by a human chorionic gonadotrophin haemagglutination pregnancy test. Three of the five women whose pregnancies were not confirmed had a subsequent history of spontaneous abortion. PMID- 6967324 TI - Effects of beta blockade on work--delta ST segment curves during exercise, and relation to subsequent results of coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6967327 TI - A comparison of the constituent polypeptides of the B-800--850 light-harvesting pigment-protein complex from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The polypeptide composition of the B-800-850 light-harvesting pigment-protein complex from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides has been determined. The complex consists of equimolar amounts of two small polypeptides. The two polypeptides have very similar molecular weights and amino acid composition but are clearly separable by eithr SDS polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis or isoelectric focussing. PMID- 6967328 TI - Surface potential on the periplasmic side of the photosynthetic membrane of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. PMID- 6967330 TI - Spatial characteristics of movement detection mechanisms in human vision. III. Subjects with abnormal visual pathways. PMID- 6967331 TI - [Effect of stimulation of antinociceptive brain zones on the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture in rats]. AB - It was shown in experiments on freely moving rats that electroacupuncture (EA) depresses the emotional-behavioral response to the nociceptive stimulation of the tail. Analogous changes in the pain reaction pattern arose during electric stimulation of the central grey matter and posterior parts of the lateral hypothalamus. In the presence of antinociceptive brain stimulation. EA was followed by strong potentiation of analgesia. Naloxon in a dose of 5 mg/kg removed the antinociceptive effect produced by stimulation of the deep brain structures and the analgetic effect of electroacupuncture. Potential mechanisms of the realization of the acupuncture effect are discussed. PMID- 6967329 TI - [Effect of a magnetic field on the fluorescence yield of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides cells of the wild strain and strain R-26. Relationship to temperature]. AB - Fluorescence yield of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides cells whose primary acceptor is chemically reduced depends on the magnetic field tension. The maximal value of relative magnetic effect and the field value, at which the effect amounts to a half of the maximal value for R. sphaeroides wild strain and R-26, equal 3.6 and 1.1%; 260 and 120 G correspondingly at 295 K. An effect of th magnetic field on fluorescence yield for R. sphaeroides wild strain at the medium potential 300 mV was observed. The values of relative magnetic effect were shown to change within the temperature range 295-120 K. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the relationship between these parameters and the velocity constant values of the radical paris recombination (P 870(+) . Bph(-) . in singlet and triplet states and the value of metabolic interaction in the radical pairs (P 870(+) . Bph(-) .) and (Bph(-) . --X(-) .). PMID- 6967332 TI - [Enhancement of the convulsant action of strychnine following administration of kynurenines into the cerebral ventricles of frogs]. AB - In frogs (Rana temporaria) injection of L-kynurenine, quinolinic, nicotinic and picolinic acids (10 microgram) into brain ventricles potentiated the stimulant ad convulsant effects of a subthreshold dose of strychnine. Xanthurenic and anthranilic acids were ineffective. At a dose of 100 micrograms picolinic acid produced seizures in 25% of animals, quinolinic acid and L-kynurenine motor excitement in all animals, and the action of nicotinic acid was shown by severe muscle hypotonus. The doses lower than 100 g proved inactive. PMID- 6967333 TI - [Contact interaction of mast cells and lymphocytes during ontogenetic antigen induced differentiation and malignant transformation of lymphoid cells]. AB - Mastocytes of newborn rats as well as those of adult ones are capable of rosette formation, whereas the ability of lymphocytes to from rosettes increases with age. The thymocytes of 3-month-old mice lose the ability to mastolymphocytic rosette-formation (MLR) after priming for one hour at 45 degrees C. The ability of thymocytes and splenocytes to MLR-formation is closely related to the time course of immunization of the animals and the method of immunization. The thymocytes and splenocytes of mice with leukemia show a decreased and increased ability to MLR-formation, respectively. PMID- 6967334 TI - [Kinetics of rosette-forming cells in the lymphoid organs of human embryos and fetuses]. PMID- 6967335 TI - [Study of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes by the spontaneous and active "rosette" method using levamisole]. AB - To study a possible relationship between the content variability of immunocompetent cells of peripheral blood and changes in their physiological activity, 43 healthy subjects were examined by means of the spontaneous and active rosette-formation tests with the use of levamisol. The evidence obtained suggest that variation in the number of spontaneous and active rosette-forming cells are consequent on changes in the physiological properties of these cells, depending on the functional state of the body. PMID- 6967336 TI - [Disappearance of the electroacupuncture effect in rabbits following destruction of the dorsomedial hypothalamus]. AB - In ten experiments on 10 awake rabbits it was shown that the lesion of dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei induced blocking of the suppression effect of the evoked potential of the thalamus median center on electrocutaneous stimuli under electroacupuncture. At the same time the lesion of the nucleus raphe magnus did not influence the electroacupunture effect. It is suggested that the electroacupuncture is mediated by the hypothalamic analgesic system. PMID- 6967337 TI - [Inhibitory effect of leu-enkephalin on gastric secretion in dogs]. AB - The action of lei-enkephaline (EK) on gastric secretion was studied in various models: in 4 dogs with gastric fistula according to Basov, in 4 dogs with denervated ventricles according to Heidenheim, and on an isolated mucous membrane of the frog stomach. EK effect on gastrin content in the dog blood was also studied to show its significant inhibitory action on hydrochloric acid secretion in the dog stomach. It was shown that H+ isolation, both basal and EK-stimulated, by an isolated mucous membrane of the frog stomach remains unchanged. Blood gastrin level in the dog tended to dropping down under the effect of EK. PMID- 6967340 TI - An undifferentiated variant derived from the human acute myelogenous leukemia cell line (KG-1). AB - A variant subline (KG-1a) of the human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell line (KG-1) has been isolated. The cells retain the same constitutive markers as the parent line, including HLA antigens, isoenzymes, and karyotype. The cells from the subline are morphologically and histochemically undifferentiated blast cells, while the parent cells and several of its clones are at the myeloblast and promyelocyte stages of development. The variant cells do not respond to colony stimulating factor (CSF), and they do not express the human la antigen, nor a recently characterized AML antigen. The parent KG-1 cells are stimulated to proliferate in the presence of CSF and the cells express the la and AML antigen. Variant AML cell lines, such as KG-1a, will be useful in vitro models for investigating cellular response to CSF and for studying antigen expression in leukemic cells. PMID- 6967341 TI - In vitro tests for distinguishing possible immune-mediated aplastic anemia from transfusion-induced sensitization. PMID- 6967338 TI - [Development of tolerance to the activating action of morphine, fenamin, and alcohol on the positive reinforcement system of rats]. AB - The development of cross tolerance to morphine, amphetamine and alcohol according to their activating effect on the system of positive reinforcement of the brain was shown on the basis of experimental self-stimulation reaction. It is assumed that the common neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms, particularly the adrenergic mechanisms of the system of positive reinforcement, lie at the basis of the development of tolerance to the drugs with euphoric type of action. PMID- 6967339 TI - [Detection of a specific differentiation antigen of mouse T-cells activated by allogenic transplantation antigens]. AB - Xenogeneic antibody was obtained, which displayed cytotoxicity for T lymphocytes in mice belonging to varied inbred strains activated with allogeneic cells. This antibody was not cytotoxic for nonactivated T or B lymphocytes of intact mice. Absorption of antiserum with activated rather than with intact lymphocytes diminished its cytotoxicity. Both activated and nonactivated lymphocytes were found to be equally susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of antilymphocytic or antithymocytic sera. A conclusion is made that murine T lymphocytes activated with allogeneic transplantation antigen carry specific differentiation antigen. PMID- 6967342 TI - Expression of a non-T, non-B ALL associated antigen on leukemic cells, lymphoblastoid cell lines and normal blood cells. AB - Two of our preparations of rabbit immune sera against Non-T, Non-B ALL cells were characterized. After a previously described absorption schedule used at present with some modifications, the sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence and by a complement-dependent microcytotoxicity technique on a panel of cells: various types of ALL, lymphoblastoid cell lines of T, B and Non-T, Non-B surface characteristics, other leukemias (AML, CLL, Ph1 positive CML-BC), nonleukemic tissue of normal bone marrow, lymph-nodes and tonsils and also PBL. About 70% of Non-T, Non-B ALL, the Non-T, Non-B ALL line "REH" and CML cells in Ph1 positive "lymphoid" blast crisis were reactive in both test systems. Non-regenerating normal bone marrow, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and lymph node cells were non reactive. CLL cells and tonsil cels, however, showed a positive fluorescence, yet gave a negative reaction in the complement-dependent microcytotoxicity test. This phenomenon might be explained by unspecific binding to Fc receptors. The antisera thus appear to detect a common Non-T, Non-B ALL antigen. PMID- 6967343 TI - Nicotinic receptors in sensory ganglia. PMID- 6967346 TI - Mapping functionally identified auditory afferents from their peripheral origins to their central terminations. PMID- 6967345 TI - Role of cholinergic synapses in vestibular compensation. PMID- 6967344 TI - Central and peripheral controls of swimming in anuran larvae. AB - The isolated nervous system of the bullfrog tadpole (Rana catesbeiana or clamitans) spontaneously exhibits patterned motoneuronal discharges which are the basis for swimming. In vitro recordings from the ventral roots showed that motoneurons on one side of the cord burst in alternation with those on the other side. On each side of the cord, motoneuron bursts occurred in synchrony the entire length of the cord. Patterned activity was found only in the medial motoneurons which innervate the muscles used for swimming. Lateral motoneurons innervating the limbs exhibited unpatterned bursting. The pattern generating mechanism is distributed along the length of the spinal cord. Proprioceptive information entering via the dorsal roots is not necessary for generation of the basic pattern of alternating activity, but interacts with the centrally generated pattern to produce a rostrocaudal lag of activity. These results are compared to those found using the dogfish and possible ontogenetic complications discussed. PMID- 6967347 TI - Neurophysiological determination of lateral hypothalamic and lateral preoptic interconnections. PMID- 6967349 TI - Lymphoreticular disorders in primary immunodeficiencies: new findings based on an up-to-date histologic classification of 35 cases. AB - A histologic review was undertaken of 35 lymphoreticular disorders that developed in primary immuno-deficiency patients from the Immunodeficiency Cancer Registry. Twenty-one (60%) of the lesions were non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: these included eight B-immunoblastic sarcomas. Eight (23%) of the lesions were Hodgkin's disease, with a high frequency of lymphocytic depletion type in an unusually young age group. Three lesions (8.5%) represented abnormal proliferative processes, which could not be definitely categorized as either benign or malignant. There were only two acute lymphoblastic leukemias (6%). Differences were found between lymphomas arising in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and those occurring in ataxia-telangiectasia; this suggests that different pathogenetic mechanisms might operate in their development. The lymphomas in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome were all of non-Hodgkin's type, predominantly B-immunoblastic sarcomas, and presented as localized extranodal infiltrates. The lymphomas in ataxia telangiectasia were either Hodgkin's disease, mostly of lymphocytic depletion type, or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the histologic subtypes associated with 14q translocations. PMID- 6967351 TI - Theoretical limitations in the immunodiagnostic imaging of cancer with computed tomography and nuclear scanning. AB - In order to help assess the feasibility of using immunologically tagged agents to render tumors detectable with current computed tomographic and nuclear scanners, mathematical formulations were developed to determine the theoretical limits of tumor detection relative to size and depth of the lesions. The results of our analysis suggest that visualization with computed tomography of a tiny tumor (1 sq mm, cross-sectional area) would require binding in the order of 2 x 10(5) iodine atoms/antigenic site, while imaging of a very large (900-sq mm) tumor would require approximately 10(4) atoms/site. Very low energy scanners might reduce these discouraging estimates by an order of 10(2). The immunological imaging of tumors with nuclear scanning appears quite feasible from our formulations, as has been demonstrated by others clinically. Small (1-sq cm) and deep (greater than or equal to 5-cm) tumors appear detectable with uptake ratios of the order of 5 or higher, which seem to be attainable currently. Smaller and deeper tumors require much higher uptake ratios to be detected. PMID- 6967350 TI - Preoperative and postoperative immunological evaluation of patients with colorectal cancer. AB - Twenty-two patients with cancer of the colon and rectum were studied: preoperative and postoperative cell-mediated and humoral immune factors were assessed, and local concentration of immunoglobulins in tumor tissue and in normal mucosa were measured. Lymphocyte function was found to be reduced in 50% of stage A and B and 66% of stage D patients. On the other hand, when the lymphoblastogenesis was performed in the presence of normal AB plasma, a partial restoration of lymphocyte function was noted, indicating the presence of a serum blocking factor in the blood of these patients. While there was no apparent decrease of B cell subpopulation, 57% of the tested patients showed significant reduction of T lymphocytes. Marked reduction of serum immunoglobulin levels, specifically IgG and IgM, was observed preoperatively followed by a gradual return toward normal values after surgical resection of neoplastic growth. It is noteworthy that tumor tissue contained more IgG and IgA than normal mucosa. However, IgM was below detection level both in normal and tumor tissues. PMID- 6967348 TI - Effects of microiontophoretically applied chemicals on hypothalamic neural activity. AB - Seven barrel electrodes were utilized to record simultaneously from and apply chemicals to single neurons in the hypothalamus of anesthesized male hooded rats. When a stable baseline discharge frequency was established for lateral preoptic area (LPA) or lateral hypothalamic (LH) neurons, glutamate, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glucose and sodium were administered microiontophoretically. In addition, the effects of microiontophoretically administered chemicals and LPA or LH electrical stimulation on hypothalamic neural activity were in some cases determined for the same neuron. Recordings from 53 hypothalamic neurons indicate that the direct application of these chemicals affect LPA and LH neural activity at relatively low ejection currents in a dose related manner. In the LPA, glutamate which has a nonspecific effect and increased the discharge frequency in 96% of the cells tested, was used to establish the reliability of the techniques and baseline. Norepinephrine decreased (73%), acetylcholine increased (28%) and decreased (12%), glucose increased (12%), and sodium increased (4%) discharge frequency. In the LH, glutamate increased (91%), norepinephrine decreased (33%), acetylcholine increased (50%) and decreased (14%), glucose increased (12%) and decreased (6%), and sodium increased (20%) discharge frequency. Also, significant relations between chemical and electrical stimulation suggest that norepinephrine and possibly acetylcholine might be involved in the interactions between the LPA and LH neurons. Results are discussed in terms of the neurochemical modulation of ingestive behavior. PMID- 6967352 TI - Radioisotope section scanning. AB - Radioisotope section scanning, a relatively new imaging technique, can be regarded as "in vivo autoradiography." It permits, via computer utilization, reconstruction of a three-dimensional image of the distribution of a radioactive tracer within the body. Rapid progress in the design of instrumentation has allowed for initial clinical trials to be carried out. Worldwide, some 30 centers are currently engaged in research in this field, simultaneously ascertaining the physical performance characteristics and figures of merit of the different apparatuses and clarifying the most promising areas of clinical application. This paper is concerned only with radioisotope section scanning via standard radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals. It does not address itself to work involving positron-emitting radionuclides. Data are given on the physical parameters and areas of clinical application of several types of available equipment. PMID- 6967353 TI - [Reflux oesophagitis and paraoesophageal hernia--therapeutical tactics in bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract in the two diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967356 TI - The cytotoxic T-cell response to H-1 minor histocompatibility antigen differences. PMID- 6967354 TI - Responses of MSH and prolactin cells to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in amphibians and teleosts. AB - Injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a precursor of serotonin, induces dispersion of melanin in the amphibians, Pleurodeles waltlii (Urodela) and Xenopus laevis (Anura), in the goldfish, Carassius auratus, and in the carp, Cyprinus carpio. It is accompanied by a dispersion of erythrophore pigments. In the pituitaries of Pleurodeles and goldfish, a stimulation of MSH cells, characterized by a significant nuclear hypertrophy, is also observed; in Carassius, MSH cells may become degranulated. Serotonin appears to exert a stimulating effect on MSH release in lower vertebrates. Swimming behavior is disturbed in the goldfish and the carp; gaseous metabolism in the swim-bladder may be affected by injection of 5-HTP, as previously reported in the eel. Prolactin (PRL) cells appear activated, but remain granulated in the treated goldfish. No clear response of PRL cells to injection of 5-HTP can be observed in Pleurodeles. A possible role of serotonin in Pleurodeles submitted to an experimental aeroionization is briefly discussed. PMID- 6967355 TI - A quantitative cytochemical study of the growth of individual mast cells. AB - For individual mast cells, relationships between their dry mass and their content of heparin and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were studied. This was achieved by measuring these parameters successively on identical cells, by means of quantitative cytochemical techniques. The peritoneal mast cells have a very long life span and a slow turnover of granule components. Increase of the dry weight of the cells may therefore be taken as an expression of cellular growth. Mast cell populations from younger and older animals were analysed in an attempt to evaluate the influence of cell-aging and animal-aging on the growth of the mast cells. The analysis was based on allometric (log-log) plots and linear regressions. Within the cell populations there were strong mutual correlations between the cell parameters studied, without any obvious deviations from linearity. However, the slopes of the allometric lines indicated a somewhat different mode of growth for mast cell from younger and older animals. The capacity of the mast cells to accumulate 5-HT after a single injection of its precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan, was used as a functional test. In relation to the cell weight, the induced increase of 5-HT was greater for lighter than for heavier mast cells. This difference between light and heavy mast cells was greater for cells from younger than from older animals. These differences in growth and functional properties between mast cells from younger and older animals were interpreted as an effect of the animals rather than of aging of the cells. PMID- 6967357 TI - Locomotion of T cells from patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (Sezary syndrome and mycosis fungoides). PMID- 6967358 TI - Components of mycobacteria and muramyl dipeptide with adjuvant activity induce lymphocyte activating factor. PMID- 6967359 TI - Partial characterization of a prostaglandin-induced suppressor factor. PMID- 6967360 TI - Stimulation of fibroblast migration by epidermal growth factor. AB - Epidermal growth factor has been found to stimulate the migration of human foreskin fibroblasts grown at low serum concentration. This effect may be caused by a direct activation of the cytoskeletal elements or indirectly via an increased production of migration facilitating matrix proteins. We speculate on the possible implications of the present finding in the invasive properties of growth factor releasing transformed cells and in the direction of migration of cells in embryonal development. PMID- 6967361 TI - [Oguchi's disease]. PMID- 6967362 TI - [The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of lymphomas]. PMID- 6967363 TI - [Structural analysis in the study of infantile diarrhea and other epidemiologic problems]. PMID- 6967364 TI - [Intestinal immunity and preparing vaccines: WHO Memorandum]. PMID- 6967365 TI - The world's last endemic case of smallpox: surveillance and containment measures. AB - On 31 October 1977, the world's last known case of endemic smallpox was discovered in Merca, Somalia. The source of infection was quickly identified; 19 days previously, the male patient had been in contact with two other cases for not more than 15 minutes, but the surveillance activities surrounding these cases did not identify him as a contact. The patient was isolated and containment and surveillance activities and a vaccination campaign were rapidly instituted; 161 contacts were identified, 41 of whom had not been vaccinated within the last three years. The patient recovered and fortunately no other cases occurred. PMID- 6967366 TI - A statistical procedure for quality control in diagnostic laboratories. AB - The accuracy of results from any epidemiological project depends upon the performance of all stages of data collection and handling. One link in this chain may involve microscopic inspection of specimens and the purpose of this article is to describe means of assessing the accuracy of this stage. Two aspects merit consideration: the design of a sampling system and the collection and interpretation of the results. The importance of design is stressed, but the considerable variation in individual circumstances rules out a full treatment of the topic. A method of record keeping is described together with a method for graphical presentation of results. A procedure is outlined for detecting unacceptable performances and some of the statistical considerations are discussed. PMID- 6967367 TI - Quantitative estimates of the evolution of a malaria epidemic in Turkey if remedial measures had not been applied. AB - In 1978, public health authorities, by means of large-scale control operations, succeeded in containing a severe malaria epidemic that had reached alarming proportions in the Cukurova and Amikova plains of southern Turkey. The benefits derived from this intervention are indirectly quantified in this article by estimating the number of cases that would have ocurred in the area if remedial measures had not been applied.For this purpose a simple mathematical model was fitted to both the number of cases in January (seasonal minimum) and the number of cases in July/August (seasonal maximum) that were recorded during the years 1976, 1977, and the beginning of 1978; the incidence trend from 1978 onwards was then determined by projection. By this method, it was possible to estimate that in the absence of intervention the projected annual parasite incidence would have been 75.4 per 1000 in 1978 instead of the observed incidence of 24.5 per 1000. According to the forecast, this incidence would have reached 100.9 per 1000 in 1979, 115.1 per 1000 in 1980, to arrive at a final stable level of 129.4 per 1000, if intervention measures had not been applied.Comparison of the number of malaria cases actually detected in 1978 (70 468) with the number projected in the absence of intervention (226 252) seems to indicate that about 2/3 of the expected cases were prevented in 1978 by the remedial measures applied. PMID- 6967368 TI - Nutritional status surveillance in El Salvador. PMID- 6967369 TI - A study of oral rehydration therapy by midwives in a rural area near Ankara. PMID- 6967370 TI - Bypass graft surgery in severe left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 6967371 TI - A method for assessing the physiologic significance of coronary obstructions in man at cardiac surgery. AB - The functional significance of coronary narrowings of intermediate severity is often difficult to assess from preoperative coronary arteriograms. To complement the anatomic data obtained by arteriography, a method for measuring phasic coronary velocity and reactive hyperemia in man at cardiac surgery has been developed. The method uses a single-crystal Doppler probe coupled to surface coronary vessels with a small suction pad. The validity of the measurements has been documented in a series of in vitro and animal experiments. Because physiologically significant coronary narrowings invariably attenuate reactive hyperemic responses, this approach can be used to determine the functional importance of coronary obstruction before placement of coronary bypass grafts. Initial experience in 50 patients indicates that the measurements can be obtained safely and that the functional significance of coronary obstructions can be readily assessed. PMID- 6967372 TI - First septal artery: direct or indirect grafting. AB - We retrospectively analyzed the revascularization of the septal artery achieved either directly through a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) to the first septal artery (S1), or indirectly through endarterectomy and CABG of the anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). From July 1, 1976 to May 1, 1979, 21 84% (11 of 13). During the same period, 15 patients with a large S1 received endarterectomy and CABG of the LAD. Six of these 15 patients (40%) had an excellent flow into S1 as seen on the postoperative angiogram, whereas nine (60%) showed no improvement. The vein graft was patent and considered normal in 14 patients and the distal flow in the LAD was adequate in 10 patients (66%). We conclude that better revascularization of S1 is achieved by direct CABG. However, endarterectomy of the LAD allows revascularization of arteries that could not be grafted otherwise because of severe diffuse disease. PMID- 6967373 TI - The role of aortic balloon pumping in postinfarction angina. A different perspective. PMID- 6967374 TI - Combined left ventricular aneurysmectomy, mitral valve replacement and aortocoronary bypass grafting: results of surgery. AB - Eighteen patients with ischemic heart disease who underwent left ventricular aneurysmectomy (LVA) and concomitant mitral valve replacement (MVR) for severe mitral regurgitation during 1973-1978 were identified. Eleven patients (61%) underwent aortocoronary bypass procedures (CABG) at the same operation. All patients had New York Heart Association class III or IV symptoms of congestive heart failure; six (33%) had disabling angina pectoris and four (22%) had had life-threatening ventricular tachycardia. Surgical mortality was 11%. The survival rate at 2 and 3 years was 80% and 57%, respectivey, with a mean follow up of 21 months (range 4-56 months). At follow-up all patients had improved symptomatically by at least one functional clas; four patients were class II and six were class 1. The mean values (+/ SEM) for preoperative cardiac index, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and ejection fraciton were 2.0 +/- 0.1 l/min/m2, 22 +/- 2.3 mm Hg, and 30 +/- 3.5%, respectively. Postoperative right heart catheterization in seven patients revealed no difference between preoperative and postoperative resting cardiac index and pulmonary wedge pressure, although all seven patients claimed significant improvement. Thus, although resting hemodynamics may not be altered, combined LVA, MVR and CABG can be performed with acceptable surgical risk in these seriously ill patients and can provide excellent symptomatic improvement with good long-term survival. PMID- 6967377 TI - Surgical vs nonsurgical management of patients after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6967375 TI - Management of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. PMID- 6967376 TI - Calcium homeostasis during coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6967378 TI - Coronary bypass surgery: analysis of factors affecting hospital mortality. PMID- 6967379 TI - Prolonging life with coronary bypass surgery in patients with three-vessel disease. AB - In this study we examined survival after coronary bypass surgery in patients with three-vessel disease. First, survival data were analyzed from selected of patients who had a poor prognosis without surgery; second, data were analyzed in subsets classified by severity of disease. The data strongly suggest that patients with three-vessel disease, especially patient with a poor medical prognosis, benefit from coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6967381 TI - Lack of effect of topically applied epidermal growth factor (EGF) on epidermal growth in man in vivo. PMID- 6967380 TI - Effect of coronary surgery on survival in asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic patients. AB - The effect of aortocoronary saphenous bypass graft surgery on survival of functional class I and II patients was studied in 619 patients entered in the Seattle Heart Watch when they had coronary arteriography. Cox's regression analysis was used to correct for differences in baseline characteristics that occur as a result of nonrandom assignment to medical or surgical therapy. For the 619 patients, surgical therapy was predictive of improved survival, with bordeline statistical significance (Z = -1.820; p = 0.069). With subgroup analysis, patients with three-vessel disease had a significantly improved survival rate (Z = -2.378; p = 0.017), but patients with one-vessel disease (Z = 0.307; p = 0.758) or two-vessel disease (Z = -0.98; p = 0.324) did not. PMID- 6967382 TI - The absence of Sezary cells in the peripheral blood of patients with generalized inflammatory dermatoses. PMID- 6967383 TI - Spontaneously enhanced in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6967385 TI - Inability of patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia to generate lymphjoblastoid B cells following booster immunization. PMID- 6967384 TI - Immunotherapy of patients with chronic virus B hepatitis. I. Maturation of human T-lymphocytes under influence of calf thymic hormone. PMID- 6967386 TI - Combined aortic valve replacement and myocardial revascularization. PMID- 6967387 TI - Vitamin D and vitamin D dependency. AB - Administration of large doses of vitamin D2 brought about a marked increase of 25 hydroxyvitamin D in both the patients with vitamin D dependency and hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets. During the administration of vitamin D2, increment of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was marked in hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets, but far smaller in vitamin D dependency. In the latter, however, the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D reached the level close to the normal adult values. 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 was found 50 approximately 100 times as effective as vitamin D2 in 2 patients with vitamin D dependency (optimum maintenance dose: 0.05 micrograms/kg/day). It was concluded that 1 alpha hydroxylation in the renal tubules is markedly defective in the patients with vitamin D dependency, but that a large dose of vitamin D2 is able to cause a definite increase in serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D resulting in improvement of the rickets. PMID- 6967389 TI - [Pimafucin in the treatment of oral candidiasis]. PMID- 6967390 TI - PiM subtypes and lung disease a cautionary note. PMID- 6967388 TI - A diffusable clastogenic factor in ataxia telangiectasia. AB - Cocultivation of plasma and lymphocytes from ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients with those of normal individuals resulted in a significant increase in chromosomal damage in the normal cells. Tissue culture medium used to cultivate AT skin fibroblasts also significantly increased chromosome breakage in PHA stimulated normal lymphocytes. This clastogenic effect was maximal when the "conditioned medium" was 8-9 days old. A similar effect was not observed with medium derived from normal skin fibroblasts. These observations suggest the presence of a clastogenic factor in the plasma of AT patients which may also be produced by AT skin fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 6967391 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin: the PiMM subtypes. Do they play a role in development of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases? AB - In a comparative study, we examined 324 sera of the PiMM phenotype by isoelectric focusing. Sera were obtained from 254 healthy individuals, and from 70 patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). All individuals were examined, a detailed history and chest x-ray films were taken, and lung function tests were performed. The classification into PiMM subtypes according to a modified method, originally described by Genz et al, showed a significantly higher number of subtypes, containing more slowly migrating protein fractions (M2) in the group of patients. Since the prevalence of bronchitic symptoms is unusually common in industry, in workers who are exposed to dust and smoke tobacco, these findings are important, especially in regard to prophylactic measures in industry. PMID- 6967393 TI - Coronary bypass-graft stenosis causing diastolic murmur in a patient on hemodialysis. PMID- 6967392 TI - Familial spontaneous pneumothorax and HLA antigens. AB - Twenty-three members of a family in which six persons had repeated spontaneous pneumothorces were studied for physical, chemical and genetic markers of this disease. A relationship between the HLA haplotype A2, B40, the alpha 1, antitrypsin phenotype M1 M2 and the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax was suggested in this family. PMID- 6967394 TI - [Indications and technic of endoscopic laser therapy]. AB - This report relates experiences with the Neodymium-YAG-laser in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Careful patient preparation within the framework of an overall therapeutic plan and the combination of various therapeutic approaches are prerequisites for a successful application of the endoscopic laser. Best suited for this mode of treatment are bleeding ulcers, least suited massive gastric mucosal hemorrhages (stress ulcers). PMID- 6967396 TI - Radiology in investigation of rectal bleeding. AB - Although most causes of chronic anorectal bleeding are diagnosed from clinical or sigmoidoscopic examination, there are a number of conditions not detectable from barium enema studies. Results of colonoscopy are compared to those for single- and double-contrast barium enema examinations, and recommendations are made for increasing diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 6967397 TI - Bilateral metastatic endophthalmitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus: a clinopathological case history. AB - We treated a 69-year-old man for metastatic endophthalmitis associated with Staphyloccus aureus septicaemia after abdominal surgery. General and local antibiotics did not prevent deterioration. Post-mortem examination of the eyes revealed intraocular Staphylococcus retinitis and endophthalmitis and bilateral central retinal vein occlusion. PMID- 6967395 TI - Ruptured inferior gluteal artery aneurysm with exsanguinating rectal hemorrhage controlled by transcatheter coil embolization. AB - A case of exsanguinating rectal and retroperitoneal hemorrhage resulting from a ruptured inferior gluteal artery aneurysm is presented. Transcatheter embolization of Gelfoam and a Gianturco coil device resulted in the control of bleeding and proved to be a life-saving measure in a patient who was a poor surgical candidate. PMID- 6967398 TI - An overview of the current status of levamisole in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6967399 TI - Changes of corticosteroid spectrum in urine in members of crew of spaceship "Soyuz-22". AB - The urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and the relations between the glucocorticoids in urine and their precursors as well as between 17 hydroxycorticoids and 17-hydroxycorticoids and 17-dehydroxycorticosteroids was measured in two subjects before and after 8 days flight in spaceship "Soyuz-22". During a readaptation period after the space flight activation of the glucocorticoid function of adrenals was observed which was accompanied by signs of stress and relative deficiency of 11-hydroxylation in glucocorticoid synthesis. The assumptions on possible causes of observed changes are discussed. PMID- 6967401 TI - LH patterns during clomiphene-induced menstrual cycles. AB - A total of 409 sterility patients with amenorrhea classified as group II according to the WHO rating scheme were treated with a daily dose of 100 mg of Clomiphene daily for five days in 452 cycles. In addition, 300 infertile subjects with spontaneous cycles (375), but with slight irregularities in the lengths of cycles were included in this investigation as control group. Daily LH serum levels were monitored by rapid solid-phase coated tube RIA. 61.87% of LH single peaks, 28.53% of plateau peaks and 0.53% of double peaks were registered in spontaneous cycles. Similarly, 60.28% single peaks, 23.67% plateau peaks and 0.66% double peaks were registered in Clomiphene-induced cycles. Highest rate of LH plateau and single peaks were found 4 to 6 days and 5 to 7 days, resp., after the end of Clomiphene therapy. No LH peaks were found in 9.07% of spontaneous cycles and in 15.39% of Clomiphene-induced cycles. Data combine to suggest that timing of ovulation by a rapid LH radioimmunoassay is a valuable aid in consulting infertile couples. Failures of patients to conceive must be due to causes other than incorrect timing of ovulation. PMID- 6967402 TI - Effect of aminoglutethimide on androgenic functions in mice. AB - Administration of aminoglutethimide (EliptenR, CIBA) to intact and castrated male mice decreased the weight of seminal vesicles and kidneys of intact males. However, the effect was not additive to that of orchietomy. Testicular cholesterol and protein content was significantly increased by aminoglutethimide, whereas no significant changes in testicular weight and blood testosterone were found, both being only moderately decreased. PMID- 6967400 TI - Receptor binding of B-norsteroids. AB - The binding of B-nor-analogues of glucocorticoids, estrogens and of an androgen to specific cytosol receptors was compared with that of parent compounds of the normal series. In the study of binding of B-norcortisol and related compounds rat liver cytosol was used, while in a case of B-norestrogens rat uterus cytosol and for 17 alpha-methyl-B-nortestosterone rat prostate cytosol was used. The displacement of the appropriate radioligands by B-norsteroids was remarkably lower than that caused by correspondinga steroids with normal B-ring with the exception of 17 alpha-methyl-B-nortestosterone. PMID- 6967403 TI - Serum thyroxine, triiodothytonine and reverse triiodothyronine in early postnatal period in pig (preliminary communication). AB - The rapid increase in serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) in the pig shortly birth presumably due to enhanced secretory activity of the thyroid gland was observed. During the 2nd and 3rd week of live T3 and T4 remained essentially unchanged but rT3 continued to rise to a high plateau level. This resulted in an increase in rT3/T4 ratio to about two and rT3/T3 raio to about one. A shift to rT3 production seems to be a reflection of an increased capacity of 5-iodothyronine deiodinase with age. PMID- 6967404 TI - Kinetic and steady-state investigations of solute accumulation in bacterial membranes by continuously monitoring the radioactivity in the effluent of flow dialysis experiments. AB - The flow-dialysis technique for studies of solute accumulation by membrane preparations has been made more suitable for routine measurements by recording continuously the radioactivity in the effluent of a flow-dialysis vessel with a homogeneous flow-monitoring device for beta-emitters. This modification not only decreases the time and cost of a flow-dialysis experiment but also allows the investigator to react directly on the outcome of his experiments. Analysis of the kinetics of this automated flow-dialysis system shows that this technique can also be used for the determination of the rate of uptake of solutes into bacterial membranes. This has been confirmed in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides by comparing the results of Rb+ and inorganic phosphate uptake studies performed by automated flow-dialysis and by the conventional filtration procedure. This application has the limitation that solute uptake has to proceed linearly for a period of about five times the half-time of the response of the flow-dialysis system. The two described applications make automated flow-dialysis very well suited for experiments on the bioenergetics and regulation of solute uptake into bacterial membranes. Both driving force and rate of solute uptake can now be determined in one experiment. PMID- 6967405 TI - Surface markers on lymphocytes from human cerebrospinal fluid. II. Altered patterns in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 6967406 TI - A case of facial diplegi following herpes zoster ophthalmicus. AB - A 71-year-old man developed a facial diplegia following right ophthalmic zoster. Neurological examination also revealed loss of reflexes in the lower limbs with increase of CSF protein. Unusual cases of the Ramsay Hunt syndrome and Guillain Barre syndrome seen with herpes zoster were reviewed. These cases including our case may suggest that the bilateral involvement or its wider spread throughtout nervous tissue can rarely occur in the Ramsay Hunt syndrome and its subgroups. PMID- 6967407 TI - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: disappearance of preexcitation and appearance of complete heart block, probably due to myocardial infarction. AB - The appearance and gradual progression of atrioventricular (A-V) block in the presence of the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is an intriguing phenomenon. The vast majority of the reports up to date describe persistence of preexcitation in the face of partial or complete heart block. We describe a patient with severe coronary artery disease, in whom WPW disappeared suddenly, transiently at first, during coronary bypass surgery, and then permanently, probably as a result of an acute myocardial infarction, and in whom all the sinus beats during relentlessly progressive heart block were conducted through the normal A-V conduction system only. PMID- 6967408 TI - Cell cooperation during in vivo anti-hapten antibody responses. V. Two synergistic Ly-1+23- helper T cells with distinctive specificities. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine the antigen specificity of two distinct helper T cells (Th) that act synergistically in adoptive secondary in vivo anti hapten antibody responses. Both Th were present in anti-Ly-2 and-complement treated spleen T cell populations, implying that both Th are Ly-1+,23-. Adding normal T cells or T cells primed to other carriers to specific carrier-primed T cells, using a variety of different protocols did not affect the helper activity of the specifically primed Th. Thus, both Th apparently are antigen-specific. Furthermore, Th primed with one carrier and boosted with that carrier plus hapten linked to a noncross-reactive carrier cannot help B cells. However, if a mixture of Ly-1 T cells from mice primed with two different carriers is transferred along with B cells, and the mice are boosted with hapten coupled to one of the two priming carriers, then giving the other carrier induces a significant increase in antibody production. Thus, only one of the two Th (Th1) requires a hapten-carrier bridge, while the other does not (Th2). However, both Th1 and Th2 are clearly antigen-specific and require stimulation with antigen to exert helper activity. Furthermore, these experiments strongly suggest that Th2 cannot express helper function in vivo in the absence of Th1. These findings, and the absence of Th2 like cells in agammaglobulinemic mice, were correlated with other studies in which two helper activities have been described. It was concluded that in vivo responses require an effective Th1-B cell interaction, whereas Th2, if stimulated with antigen, will augment certain portions of the antibody response, such as idiotype or allotype, and thus influence the quality of the antibody response directly. PMID- 6967409 TI - Phosphorylcholine-binding hybridoma proteins of normal and idiotypically suppressed BALB/c mice I. Characterization and idiotypic analysis. PMID- 6967410 TI - Mechanism of antigen binding by T cells. H-2(I-A)-restricted binding of antigen plus Ia by helper cells. PMID- 6967411 TI - Qed-1--a target for unrestricted killing by T cells. AB - Two prototype target determinants for unrestricted killing by T cells are defined: Qed-1a, detected on B6.Tlaa targets by C3H/HeJ lymphocytes primed in vivo and restimulated in vitro by B10.BR spleen cells; and Qed-1b, detected on C57BL/6J lymphocytes by B10.BR anti-C3H/HeJ effector cells generated in the same manner. Other mouse strains can be typed for Qed-1 by the ability of their lymphocytes to inhibit one of these lytic reactions. Of 55 inbred strains, 52 expressed either Qed-1a or Qed-1b, which thus behaved as products of alleles of a single locus, Qed-1. The remaining three strains, all H-2r, did not compete against specific lysis of Qed-1a, but inhibited Qed-1b-specific lysis only in part; it is proposed that these strains carry a third allele or haploype, Qed-1c. The Qed-1 locus was mapped distal to Qa-2. Qed-1b was found on both normal and mitogen-activated lymphocytes and did not appear confined to any lymphoid subpopulation. Cytotoxic responses, not restricted by H-2 and specific for antigens controlled by the Tla region, could be induced in several combinations of H-2-identical strains differing at Qed-1. Cells of some strains, like B10.BR, NZB, and SWR, responded directly in culture, even without priming in vivo. PMID- 6967412 TI - Idiotypic profile of the response to phosphorylcholine induced in the absence of the homologous antigen. AB - In the absence of the homologous antigen, an anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) plaque forming cell (PFC) response has been induced in vitro which is restricted to the TEPC 15 idiotype (T15). Anti-T15 antibodies were used to focus either the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or the fowl gamma-globulin (FGG) carrier molecules on the membrane of B cells carrying the T15 idiotype on their immunoglobulin receptors; thereafter, these cells were allowed to cooperate in vitro for 5 days with T cells primed to the appropriate carrier molecule. A response, virtually 100% T15+, could be induced both in normal BALB/c and in T15 neonatally suppressed mice which had lost the T15+ clonal dominance. The magnitude of this response is comparable to that obtained in the presence of the PC antigen. The role of the membrane-bound immunoglobulin receptor (sIg) in the expression of different anti PC clones was also investigated. We have focused either the KLH or the FGG carrier molecules on the membrane of B cells via anti-H-2 antibodies and then cultured these cells for 5 days with the appropriate carrier-specific T cells. Under these conditions, B cells are activated in the absence of interaction at the sIg. The idiotypic profile of the anti-PC PFC obtained with the anti-H-2 mediated activation was then compared with the profile of the anti-PC response obtained in the presence of PC antigen. Since similar idiotypic profiles were obtained in both cases, it can be excluded that sIg plays a direct role in favoring the expression of T15+ over T15- anti-PC clones. PMID- 6967413 TI - Functional Thy-1+ cells in cultures of spleen cells from nu/nu mice. AB - Thy-1+ lymphocytes, detectable by quantitative serum absorption, arise in cultures of spleen cells from congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice supplemented with supernatants from cultures of normal spleen cells stimulated with the T cell mitogen concanavalin A. Pretreatment of nu/nu spleen cells with appropriate anti Thy-1 alloantibody and complement prior to culture reduces their capacity to generate Thy-1+ cells by about 90%. This shows that the majority of cells proliferating in these cultures are descendants of Thy-1+ cells which can be detected in the original nu/nu spleens. Experiments aimed at exploring the function of these Thy-1+ cells after culture in conditioned medium revealed that within one or two days after culture initiation, strong cooperative activity for a humoral response to xenogeneic erythrocytes can be detected. In mixtures of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes from various mouse strains with cultured nu/nu spleen cells, it was observed that T-B cooperation is not H-2-restricted. Attempts at inducing T cell-mediated cytotoxicity to alloantigens in such cultures of nu/nu spleen cells were unsuccessful. In contrast, nonspecific cytotoxicity which was attributed to natural killer cells was regularly observed and could be maintained in these cultures over extended periods. PMID- 6967414 TI - Mouse alloantibodies capable of blocking cytotoxic T cell function. II. Further study on the relationship between the blocking antibodies and the products of the Lyt-2 locus. AB - The specificity of mouse alloantibodies which blocked allogeneic killer cells has been confirmed as Ly-2.2 using B6 X C3H recombinant inbred (RI) strains. All of the RI strains tested were sensitive to the cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity (CML)-blocking effect of our C3H anti-B 10.BR antisera and also carried the Lyt 2b allele. This result and studies using Lyt-2-congenic strains firmly localized the genes encoding the target antigen of CML-blocking antibodies in or near the Lyt-2 locus. In addition, a monoclonal anti-Lyt-2.2 antibody was found to block the CML reaction of B6 killer cells, but not that of B6 Ly-2.1 killers. Blocking antibodies to one allele blocked killing by Lyt-2-heterozygous F1 killer cells, but the inhibition curve reached a plateau at a significantly lower level than that seen on the killer cells of the sensitive parent. Our results thus suggest that Lyt-2 antigens are of functional significance on killer T cells, but do not reveal whether or not that significance involves the T cell receptor. PMID- 6967415 TI - Immunological tolerance of the mouse IgE system: dissociation between T cell tolerance and suppressor cell activity. AB - Immunological tolerance was induced in CBA mice with respect to both anti-hapten and anti-carrier IgE antibody production, following pretreatment of the animals with deaggregated ovalbumin. IgG antibody production was also affected. The tolerance was antigen-specific, was stable upon adoptive transfer to irradiated syngeneic recipients, but was reversed following booster. The extent and duration of the tolerant state depended on the dosage and number of tolerogen injections. Tolerogen administered after the initiation of the primary response was without effect. The pattern and duration of this tolerance suggested that T suppressor cells were not involved. The adoptive transfer of spleen cells from tolerogen treated donors while being themselves unresponsive, failed to interfere with the induction of an immune response in the recipient. Evidence of T suppressor cell function was found in adoptive transfers, only after prolonged pretreatment of donors with a combination of tolerogenic and immunogenic forms of the carrier. These results suggested that T cell-dependent tolerance of the IgE antibody response operates via two distinct mechanisms, of which only one is provided by suppressor cell function. PMID- 6967416 TI - Two subsets of rat T lymphocytes defined with monoclonal antibodies. AB - A new monoclonal mouse antibody that recognizes a subset of rat peripheral T cells has been prepared by immunizing mice with rat thymocyte glycoprotein. This antibody, designated MRC OX 8, labels all peripheral T cells that are unlabeled by the previously described W3/25 monoclonal antibody. No peripheral T cells were found that bound both antibodies, but, in contrast, 90% of thymocytes were doubly labeled. Thoracic duct lymphocytes of congenitally athymic nude rats were not labeled by either antibody, but the spleens of such animals contained both W3/25+ cells and MRC OX 8+ cells. These splenocyte subpopulations did not overlap. Using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter to isolate cells binding MRC OX 8 antibody, the phenotype of T cells mediating various T cell functions was established. Combining the present results with those published previously, it is shown that the cells providing help for antibody responses and those mediating graft-vs.-host reactions are phenotypically W3/25+ MRC OX 8-. On the other hand, parental T cells that suppress antibody formation in F1 hosts were identified as W3/25- MRC OX 8+. The relationship between the rat T cell subsets defined by these antibodies and those in the mouse identified by the Ly series of alloantibodies is discussed and a comparison made between teh rat W3/25+ subset and a recently identified human T cell subset. PMID- 6967417 TI - Biochemical analysis of gene products of major histocompatibility recombinant haplotypes in the rat. AB - The gene products of the A and B regions of the rat major histocompatibility system (RT1) have been analyzed by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For antiserum production and as a source of target spleen cells, rat strains were used that differed only for various combinations of the RT1 regions. It could be shown that te RT1.A region, whose serologically detectable products behave like classical transplantation antigens, coded for molecules of 45 000 daltons that were associated with 12 500 dalton molecules. The RT1.B region products, which behave serologically like Ia antigens, consisted of two chains of 31 000 and 27 000 daltons, respectively. Thus, serological and biochemical phenotypes of the RT1 antigens could be matched in accordance with data obtained in other species and could be assigned to particular regions of the RT1 system. The two-peak structure of Ia antigens was only detectable under nonreducing conditions. After reduction, both peaks fused, presumably due to cleavage of intrachain disulfide bonds in the smaller chain. PMID- 6967419 TI - Ascending and descending components of the medial forebrain bundle in the rat as demonstrated by the horseradish peroxidase-blue reaction. I. Forebrain and upper brain stem. AB - The ascending and descending components of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) were investigated by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with a sensitive substrate. The HRP was injected iontophoretically into the MFB at various levels from the anterior commissure to the posterior hypothalamus. In order to prevent the diffusion of HRP to other brain areas, a double micropipette system was used. The descending components of the MFB are derived from (1) the anterior cingulate area, infra- or prelimbic area, and sulcal cortex, (2) the lateral septal nucleus and diagonal band, (3) the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, (4) the paraventricular nucleus (5) the substantia innominata, (6) the amygdaloid complex (AM), (7) the ventromedial (VM) and dorsomedial (DM) hypothalamic nuclei, (8) the entopeduncular nucleus and (9) nucleus periventricularis stellatocellularis. The ascending components of the MFB originate in: (1) the medial preoptic nucleus, (2) the nucleus periventricularis stellatocellularis and rotundocellularis, (3) the posterior hypothalamic nucleus, (4) the parafascicular nucleus, (5) the ventral premammillary nucleus, (6) the substantia grisea periventricularis, (7) the lateral habenular nucleus, (8) the VM and DM, (9) the paratenial nucleus, (10) the AM and (11) the arcuate nucleus. PMID- 6967420 TI - The effect of RNA synthesis inhibitors on prenucleolar bodies. AB - Inhibition of RNA synthesis prevents the fusion of prenucleolar bodies in the NOR region during nucleologenesis. However, their physical coalescence between themselves is increased, as shown in Allium cepa L. meristems. PMID- 6967418 TI - Autoimmune effector cells. I. Transfer of experimental encephalomyelitis with lymphoid cells cultured with antigen. AB - Relatively low numbers of spleen and lymph node cells from Lewis rats previously challenged with myelin basic protein efficiently transfer experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) to normal syngeneic recipients after in vitro culture with antigen. Moreover, cells obtained from rats that have recovered and are resistant to EAE can also transfer disease. Cell separation studies show that a nylon wool-adherent cell is responsible for transfer of EAE. Density gradient ultracentrifugation revealed that these effector cells are probably lymphoblasts. PMID- 6967421 TI - A rapid direct assay for uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase. PMID- 6967422 TI - [Suppression of epileptiform activity by micropolarizing brain structures]. AB - Penicillin administration elicited epileptiform responses whereas micropolarization (MCP) affected the epileptogenic foci in cats with indwelled electrodes and chemotrodes. Three types of experimental epilepsy models were obtained: focal petit mal seizures, adversive, and grand mal seizures. The MCP of amygdala and caudate nucleus completely suppressed all three types of seizures whereas MCP of hippocampus enhanced the pathology. Two mechanisms of seizure suppression seem to exist: the inhibitory and the activating ones. PMID- 6967424 TI - [Use of adquate stimulation to test afferent inputs into the frog olfactory bulb]. PMID- 6967423 TI - [Bioelectrical activity of limb muscles during shivering while stimulating the vestibular apparatus]. AB - The effects of caloric and electric stimulation of the vestibular receptors on the EMG activity of limb muscles in anesthetized cats during cold-induced shivering involved flexor muscles alone. Both types of stimulation suppressed bioelectrical activity, more effectivey in the ipsilateral muscles. The suppression of shivering activity seems to be due to the increased inhibitory effect of descending labyrinth pathways on the function of flexor motoneurons. PMID- 6967426 TI - [Safety and risk involved in dental prescription with regard to teratogenicity: from the standpoint of forensic pharmacology]. PMID- 6967427 TI - [Use of Voltaren for relief of post-extraction pain]. PMID- 6967425 TI - Delayed massive bleeding from gastroduodenal artery due to transduodenal needle biopsy of pancreas. PMID- 6967428 TI - [The treatment of isolated cellular immune defect with transfer factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967429 TI - The influence of glucocorticoids on survival and growth of allografted tumors in the anterior eye chamber of leopard frogs. PMID- 6967430 TI - Cytotoxicity to allogeneic cells in the chicken. I. Role of macrophages in the cytotoxic effect on 51Cr-labeled red blood cells by immune spleen cells. PMID- 6967431 TI - Protein A : a B cell mitogen for hamster splenic lymphoid cells. PMID- 6967432 TI - Tissue localization of T and B lymphocytes in lagomorphs: anatomical evidence for a major role of the gastrointestinal associated lymphoid tissue in generation of lymphocytes in the adult. PMID- 6967434 TI - Our immune defence against influenza. PMID- 6967433 TI - Effects of irradiation on the in vitro immune response. AB - Primed and unprimed murine spleen cells and suspensions enriched for T or B cells were exposed to various doses of radiation in vitro and evaluated with respect to their capacity to respond to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in 1-ml or 10 microliter cultures. The dose-response data show three components: (1) a low dose (less than 50 rad) phase associated with an augmented anti-SRBC response; (2) a radiosensitive phase associated with precipitous loss of anti-SRBC activity; (3) a relative radioresistant phase with a loss of anti-SRBC activity which occurs over a broad range of radiation doses. Data obtained utilizing irradiated subpopulations enriched for T or B cells combined with excess numbers of nonirradiated lymphocytes of the corresponding cell type suggest that low dose augmentation is the result of radiation-induced injury to T cells or subcomponent thereof. With respect to the second component of the dose-response curve, similar experiments show that B cells are more radiosensitive than T cells (D37 of approximately 80 vs. approximately 220 rad, respectively) in this response. The third component of the curve appears to involve the interaction of radio resistant subpopulations of T and B cells. PMID- 6967436 TI - [Relationship between portal hypertension, ascites, gastro-esophageal varices, and gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967435 TI - Heterotransplantability testing in nude mice of candidate cell for vaccine production. AB - Regulations for vaccine production require that candidate cells of human origin must be controlled for the absence of tumourigenic activities by heterotransplantability in animals. Usually, the test was done in the cheek-pouch of three week old hamsters, but this method presents disadvantages; long observation period (3 months) and a high rate of intercurrent diseases. The authors describe their experience using nude mice pretreated with antithymocyte serum of rabbit origin; the observation period is reduced to three weeks, the test is easy to perform and to read. PMID- 6967437 TI - [Jaundice in women taking both troleandomycin and oral contraceptives, an outbreak in France (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967439 TI - Thymosin-dependent T-lymphocyte response in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Peripheral blood "total" and "avid" thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes were enumerated in 45 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and in 23 patients with ulcerative patients (UC) by using the spontaneous rosette technique (ER). The in vitro effect of thymosin fraction 5, a polypeptide extract of the thymus gland, on avid ER formatin was also determined in these patients. The proportion and number of "total" ER were lower in patients with CD (P < 0.02), but not with UC, when compared with controls. More impressive differences were observed when "avid" ER were determined in patients with CD (P < 0.001) and UC (P < 0.05). Incubation with thymosin resulted in a significant increase in "avid" ER in patients with CD and UC, with no such effect observed in the controls. These results indicate that the determination of "avid" rather than "total" ER provides a more sensitive method for detecting alterations in T-cell immune competence. In addition, it is suggested that there is an increased number of circulating T lymphocytes in CD and UC capable of responding to exogenous thymic factors. This may indicate the presence of a thymosin-responsive immunodeficiency state in these diseases. PMID- 6967438 TI - Abnormal regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 6967440 TI - [Protection of the myocardium during operations on the coronary arteries]. PMID- 6967441 TI - [Surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease with complete coronary artery occlusions]. PMID- 6967442 TI - [The effect of thiamine deficiency on the actions of drugs affecting the central nervous system in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Male Wistar rats, 35-days-old, maintained on a thiamine deficient diet for 30 days showed marked growth inhibition and a heart rate less than 70% of that of control rats. We examined the effect of thiamine deficiency on the action of drugs effecting the central nervous system at this period. In thiamine deficient rats treated with chloral hydrate 200 mg/kg, ketamine 100 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital 50 mg/kg, and hexobarbital 100 mg/kg, the sleeping time increased. Pretreatment with 15 mg/kg of the metabolic enzymes inhibitor, SKF-525A, 30 min prior to the hexobarbital administration resulted in prolongation of sleeping time in all groups. The thiamine deficient rats slept almost 3.5 times longer than did the control group. Pretreatment with 100 mg/kg of the metabolic enzyme inducer, sodium phenobarbital, 48 hours prior to hexobarbital treatment resulted in decreased sleeping time in all groups, as compared with only hexobarbital treatment. In the thiamine deficient rats the catalepsy and ptosis induced by the i.p. administration of tetrabenazine 50 mg/kg was reduced even when the control and pair-fed groups responded to this drug at the drug peak time. The spontaneous neuronal activity of lateral hypothalamus was most sensitive to the administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan in thiamine deficient rats. PMID- 6967443 TI - Nuclear imaging: new developments. AB - Tomographic images produced with very short-lived radioisotopes of basic biologic elements can provide a form of moving in vivo autoradiography that delineates the dynamic state of the body constituents. The nuclides must be used at the site of the cyclotron where they are produced, but the day may be at hand when such facilities will be common, at least in the larger teaching hospitals. PMID- 6967444 TI - Enteric-coated aspirin and gastric erosion. PMID- 6967445 TI - Unstable angina pectoris: therapeutic choices. AB - Unstable angina by definition involves a progressive process that has the potential for becoming acutely emergent. The authors offer criteria for monitoring the severity of the process, for designing medical therapy, and for making critical decisions with respect to turning from medical management to surgical intervention, either on an elective or an emergency basis. PMID- 6967446 TI - Pi Ecincinnati: a new alpha 1-antitrypsin allele in three Negro families. AB - Serum specimens of three unrelated black males had an unusual alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype, designated pi Ecincinnati because of its electrophoretic mobility. Family studies indicated that the new phenotype was the expression of an alpha-1 antitrypsin allele, labeled pi Ecincinnati. PMID- 6967447 TI - Data on linkage relations between GLO and 21-hydroxylase. AB - Linkage between GLO and 21-hydroxylase was investigated in 11 families with 24 children. Positive lod score values with a maximum of +1.618 at theta = 0.05 indicate close linkage between these marker loci. PMID- 6967448 TI - Urinary electrolytes, body weight, and blood pressure. Pooled cross-sectional results among four groups of adolescent females. AB - Results of blood pressures (BP) and urinary electrolyte excretion studies are reported among several groups of adolescent and young adult females, both black and white, who were initially examined in high school and restudied at home 3--4 years later. Pooling of the data from the several cross-sectional studies (n = 662) revealed a weak but statistically significant positive correlation systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the urinary sodium (Na) excretion rate. Three of four correlations between SBP and potassium (K) were of an inverse nature. Although not statistically significant in their own right, when coupled with the Na/K excretion ratio, which was significantly associated with SBP, a moderating role for K is suggested. The urinary Na, K, and creatinine (Cr) excretion rates were highly intercorrelated and were correlated with weight. As measured by R2 in a stepwise regression analysis, weight contributed approximately 3% to the BP variance, and the urinary electrolytes accounted for approximately 2% of the SBP variance. Statistically significant partial correlation coefficients between SBP and Na, and Na/K, remained after adjusting for body weight. PMID- 6967449 TI - A study of some selected anthropometric parameters in upper class preschool children of Jabalpur. PMID- 6967450 TI - Kinetics of peripheral blood leukocyte alterations in Thai children with dengue hemorrhagic fever. AB - Peripheral leukocytes from 16 Thai children with dengue hemorrhagic fever were examined to determine the leukocyte composition on the day of presentation and on convalescent days 15 and 30. Mononuclear cells were isolated each time, and the concentrations of T, B, Fc receptor-bearing, and "null" cells were determined. On the day of hospitalization, in comparison to convalescent values, there was a significant increase in total lymphocytes, primarily due to concentrations of atypical lymphocytes. There was a significant loss of T cells with an increase in non-T, non-B, non-Fc receptor-bearing null cells. There were no changes in the concentrations of monocytes, B cells, or Fc receptor-bearing cells when acute and convalescent values were compared. During the convalescent period, a progressive increase in eosinophils was noted. Also, on day 15 but not on day 30 of the convalescent period, an increase was observed in the total leukocyte number due to an increase in granulocytes. There results indicate that in Thai children with dengue hemorrhagic fever, there are major shifts within several component cell subpopulations of the immune system. PMID- 6967451 TI - Induction of cytolytic T- and B-cell responses against influenza virus infections. AB - Inoculation of mice with live influenza virus results in the induction of cytotoxic thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes and of bone marrow-derived (B) cells producing antiviral antibodies. An assay system was developed to evaluate both types of immune responses on a cellular basis within the same lymphocyte pool with no need to separate out the different effector cell classes. The test system represented a modification of the 51Cr-release assay. T-cell activity was measured exclusively in the absence of active complement using targets that were compatible for determinants encoded by the mouse major histocompatibility gene complex, H-2. H-2-different and even xenogeneic target cells were lysed in the presence of either non-inactivated fetal calf serum or normal rabbit serum as a complement source. Cytotoxicity was mediated in the latter case by direct interaction of B-cell-produced immunoglobulin directed to viral antigens expressed by the target cell and complement. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mechanisms did not contribute to cytotoxicity in the test system described. It was demontrated that the cytolytic B-cell responses of one particular strain of mice (BALB/c) against different influenza A viruses were restricted to the immunizing virus on the effector cell level. In another strain of mice (C3H), B cells revealed a broad cross-reactive response resembling that of killer T cells. PMID- 6967452 TI - Anti-immunoglobulins and heterophil agglutinins in experimental trypanosomiasis. AB - Rheumatoid factor (RF)-like substances and heterophil agglutinins (HA) were induced in rabbits by infection with a strain of Trypanosoma equiperdum. Infection with a T. gambiense strain produced HA, but no RF. RFs appeared usually before immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels started to increase. They disappeared spontaneously after 4 to 6 weeks. HA were of the IgM class, appeared within 1 to 2 weeks after infection, and usually remained at high levels afterwards. They could not be absorbed out with lyophilized whole trypanosomes. Therapy suppressed the formation of RF as well as of HA, but IgG complexes as well as antibodies against trypanosomal antigens remained present for considerable periods after the installment of therapy. It is concluded that RFs are not induced by IgG complexes. The results suggest that HA are probably not cross-reacting antibodies induced by trypanosomal antigens. PMID- 6967453 TI - Influence of carrier-specific, thymus-derived cells on the immunologlobulin M antibody response to staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid. AB - The immunoglobulin M antibody response to the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P was examined by a procedure in which erythrocytes sensitized with periodate-activated LTA were used for the detection of immunoglobulin M-producing plaque-forming cells LTA-specific plaque-forming cells were first detected 2 days after immunization with heat-killed bacterial cells, and maximal numbers of plaque-forming cells, mostly of the immunoglobulin M class rather than the immunoblogulin G or immunoglobulin A class, were attained by day 4; specificity for LTA was affirmed by plaque inhibition tests. No plaque forming cells were found in mice given isolated LTA over a 10,000-fold range of immunizing doses. Mice pretreated with a carrier known to activate thymus-derived helper lymphocytes produced a plaque-forming cell response to LTA only when immunized with LTA bound to the same carrier. This suggests that carrier-specific thymus-derived cells are needed to initiate an antibody response to poorly immunogenic LTA. Since an antibody response can be elicited in mice given heat killed cells, other cell wall and/or cell membrane constituents may play an important role as immunologically active carriers for this antigen. PMID- 6967455 TI - Immunosuppression and alterations of T-lymphocyte subpopulations after rubella vaccination. AB - Lymphocyte stimulation tests and determinations of T-lymphocyte subpopulations were undertaken in 11 subjects before and after rubella vaccination and in 11 controls. The lymphocyte stimulation response to phytohemagglutinin was suppressed 7 to 10 days after vaccination. The proportion of T lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc part of immunoglobulin G increased after vaccination, whereas there was no significant change in the proportion of T lymphocytes with immunoglobulin M-Fc receptors. PMID- 6967454 TI - In vitro expression of immunoglobulin M and G subclasses by murine B lymphocytes in response to a polyclonal activator from Actinomyces. AB - A cell wall extract from the gram-positive bacterium Actinomyces viscosus contains the mitogen AVIS, a potent polyclonal B-cell activator for murine B lymphocytes. Cultures of splenocytes from heterozygous nude mice in the presence of an optimal concentration of AVIS responded by a deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis response, and proliferaction reached maximal levels after 3 to 4 days. There was no requirement for T cells in the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, proliferactive, immunoglobulin M (IgM), or IgG responses. Significant numbers of IgM-producing cells were present as early as day 2 of culture, whereas later in the culture periods (days 3 to 6) IgG-producing plasmablasts and plasma cell were observed. In cultures of splenocytes from nude mice stimulated with AVIS for 4 to 5 days, 20 to 25% of the recoverable cells synthesized IgM, and 10% contained only IgG2 or IgG3; 5 to 8% of the cells stained for both IgM and IgG2 or both IgM and IgG3. Fine-structure analysis of AVIS-stimulated splenocytes from heterozygous nude mice after 3 days of culture demonstrated that 20 to 25% of the cells were activated to various degrees. Of most importance, all of the activated cells had the characteristic of B lymphoblasts, plasmablasts, or plasma cells. This is the first demonstration of a polyclonal B-cell activator other than lipopolysaccharide which induces IgG3 synthesis. We suggest that AVIS may be a useful probe for the exploration of the functional activities of subpopulations of B cells. PMID- 6967456 TI - Fingernail cystine of vanadium workers. PMID- 6967457 TI - Pollen-allergen IgE response in the inbred rat. Regulation of allergen P-IgE antibodies in high and low responders by suppressive factors. AB - Cyclophosphamide treatment (100 mg/kg) significantly increased the IgE response to plane-tree allergen P in low-responder strains of rats. A suppressive serum was obtained by injection of CFA in normal low-responder strains. The injection of this serum 2 days after cyclophosphamide treatment and 1 day prior to primary immunization, reversed the cyclophosphamide-enhanced IgE antibodies response without affecting the IgG2a levels. This effect is strain specific. PMID- 6967458 TI - Hyperproduction of IgE and T-cell dysfunction in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Serum IgE levels were evaluated in 119 untreated and 112 treated patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD). 38 of the nonatopic untreated patients showed significantly increased (> 300 IU/ml) IgE concentrations. No relationship could be found between increased IgE levels and depressed lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or the imbalance of TM and TG lymphocyte subsets. On the other hand, the mean level of suppressor activity elicitable from cells of untreated HD patients by concanavalin A preincubation did not differ significantly from that of healthy control subjects. In contrast, in treated patients, where there was a significant reduction in the number of circulating T lymphocytes, a further depression of the lymphocyte response to PHA, a more marked disproportion of TM and TG cell subsets and a noticeable fall in IgE concentration was found. These data suggest that increased IgE concentrations seen in untreated patients with HD are unrelated to the T-cell defects. They also suggest that hyperproduction of IgE is probably not invariably a consequence of a suppressor cell deficiency. PMID- 6967459 TI - Cyclotron isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals--XXIX. 81,82mRb for positron emission tomography. PMID- 6967460 TI - Characterization of lymphocyte subsets in spontaneous mouse mammary tumors and host lymphoid organs. AB - The subsets of small lymphocytes (surface Igm-positive or B, Thy-I-positive or T and "double-negative" or null) appearing within spontaneous mammary tumors of C3H retired breeder female mice and in various lymphoid organs of the host at different stages of tumor development were characterized directly using a radioautographic method. Tumor-bearing mice showed early transient splenomegaly and progressive atrophy of the thymus. The proportion of T small lymphocytes increased with tumor age within the tumor and in the spleen, blood and thymus; then, except in the spleen, these proportions declined again by 8 weeks of tumor growth. The incidence of B small lymphocytes showed no change in the tumor or thymus; there was an increase in the blood after 3 weeks, and a small decrease in the spleen after 7 weeks. At all the sites examined, the proportion of null small lymphocytes declined from an initial high level observed in the elderly tumor free control mice, and then recovered to control levels after 7 weeks. The absolute numbers of T and null cells in the spleen changed in parallel to their proportions, while splenic B-cell numbers increased at 1-3 weeks. In the thymus the absolute numbers of all subsets decreased, with a late recovery of null cell numbers. Age-matched control mice showed higher proportions of null cells in the spleen, blood and thymus, and lower proportions of T cells in the blood and spleen, than did young normal mice. This spontaneous tumor appears to be characterized by an increase in T cells, rather than in null cells, as observed for rapidly growing transplanted tumors. The null cell rise in the present case takes place before the clinical appearance of tumors. In both cases, however, tumor-infiltrating B cells exhibited low levels of surface Ig, possibly related to a low level of maturation. The functional significance of these findings remains to be determined. PMID- 6967461 TI - Role of macrophages in defective cell mediated immunity in lepromatous leprosy. II. Macrophage and lymphocyte interaction. AB - Macrophages from lepromatous patients after phagocytosis of M. leprae showed alteration in their surface property as determined by their ability to express Fc receptors. The same macrophages without intracellular M. leprae show normal Fc receptors. The lepromatous macrophages also show very poor interaction with lymphocytes in the presence of M. leprae while they are able to interact with lymphocytes when exposed to other antigens. These observations along with earlier ones on macrophage defects have indicated a probable reason for defective cell mediated immunity (CMI) in lepromatous leprosy patients. There appears to be a defective macrophage population in lepromatous patients that is unable to process M. leprae antigens and initiate the CMI response. PMID- 6967462 TI - Survival and kinetic response of V79-spheroids after exposure to heavy ion beams. AB - Multicellular V79-spheroids and V79-monolayer cultures were irradiated with charged particle beams. The beams studied and their initial extraction energies were carbon (400 MeV/amu), neon (425 MeV/amu) and argon (570 MeV/amu). Survival was measured at a position in the plateau, and at a position in the middle of a 4 cm extended Bragg peak. Relative biological efficiency (r.b.e.) values for survival of spheroid cells at peak positions were high (4.1--4.2) in comparison to those obtained with monolayer cultures (1.8--2.4) of the same cell line. This finding is explained by the fact that three dimensional cell contact, which benefits survival after low LET radiation, does not influence survival after heavy ion irradiations in the Bragg peak. The peak-plateau r.b.e.-ratio was most advantageous for the carbon-ion beam (= 4.2). Whereas non-cycling inner spheroid cells showed hardly any kinetic changes up to 24 hours after heavy ion irradiation, outer cycling spheroid cells were arrested in G2 + M within a few hours after exposure. PMID- 6967464 TI - The wound clearance and distribution of plutonium, americium and curium in rodents. AB - Wound contamination was simulated by the intramuscular injections of either 239Pu, 241Am or 244Cm nitrate in the hamster and by the subcutaneous injection of either 239Pu or 241Am nitrate in the rat. The actinides moved from the hamster muscle at approximately the same rate after injection of 370 Bq of each radionuclide (approximate 80 per cent cleared after 6 months). Similarly, the rates of translocation of 239Pu and 241Am in the rat were the same after injection of 370 Bq of each radionuclide (approximate 80 per cent cleared after 1 month). The clearance of 239Pu in the rat was slower after injection of 14.8 kBq and more rapid after injection of 20 Bq (approximately 40 per cent and 90 per cent moved after 1 month, respectively) while the movement of 241Am showed no dependence on the administered dose over the same range. The mixing of 239Pu and 241Am prior to intramuscular injection appeared to enhance the clearance of both radionuclides. The levels of accumulation of each actinide in the skeleton and liver of both species showed that they reached the circulation predominantly in soluble form. Some uptake of Pu and Am in regional lymph nodes was also observed, indicating that lymphatic clearance of polymeric material also took place. PMID- 6967463 TI - An investigation of the alternating fractionation formula of the Cumulative Radiation Effect. AB - The alternating fractionation formula of the Cumulative Radiation Effect (CRE) system was investigated using the mouse intestinal crypt system as a method of assessment of the amount of radiation damage in a normal tissue. The experimental results revealed that the formula is correct in predicting an increased effect with alternating large and small sized fractions, when compared with a standard schedule where the fraction size was kept constant but achieved the same total dose. However, the results also demonstrated that the order in which the alternate fractions were administered affected the amount of radiation damage produced in the tissue. This observation is in contradiction to another prediction of the formula, that the order in which equal numbers of fractions of different magnitudes are administered, will have no effect on the biological end point. The formula, therefore, is only an approximate model of radiation damage in normal tissue and much more information is required before it can be improved upon. PMID- 6967465 TI - Formation of ethylene from methionine. Reactivity of radiolytically produced oxygen radicals and effect of substrate activation. AB - Ethylene was determined by gas chromatography after reaction of radiolytically produced OH and O2- radicals with methionine, methionine + pyridoxal phosphate and S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM). Both oxygen radicals, alone or in combination, liberate ethylene from methionine and methionine/pyridoxal phosphate. From SAM ethylene was primarily produced by the combined attack of OH nad H2O2 or O2-. PMID- 6967466 TI - Lesions in DNA of hypoxic mammalian cells irradiated in the presence of TAN. AB - TAN (triacetoneamine-N-oxyl) at a concentration of 10 mM gives a dose modifying factor (DMF) of 1.45 for the surviving fraction of gamma-irradiated hypoxic mammalian cells. Under the same conditions, however, TAN produces little or no enhancement of single strand breaks (SSB) in DNA (DMF congruent to 1). In this study, enhancement of the type of DNA lesions exposed by an extract of M. luteus is reported. The DMF for this type of damage (MLS) is 1.5. TAN is known to affect the size of DNA synthesized after irradiation, presumably by causing interruptions in synthesis at TAN-DNA adduct sites. The absolute number of M. luteus extract sensitive sites detected in this work corresponds to approximately on half of the number of sites of interrupted synthesis. In its sensitizing effect on DNA, the free radical TAN is different from the electron affinic drug, misonidazole. PMID- 6967467 TI - Radiotoxicity of intranuclear 125I atoms not bound to DNA. AB - The radiotoxicity of 125I covalently bound to DNA is unusually high. This has been attributed both to the Auger electrons which result from the electron capture process accompanying 125I decay and to local transmutation effects which cause extensive damage to nearby structures. We introduced 125I into cell nuclei in the form of iodoantipyrine, a molecule which diffuses freely through cells, and we have compared the survival of these cells to those exposed to radiation from extracellular 125I-labelled albumin or 55Fe-labelled transferrin. We found a value for D0 of 34 rad for 125I decays occurring within the cell nucleus compared to 362 rad for extracellular 125I and 277 rad for extracellular 55Fe. Since transmutation effects are very short range and 125I was distributed uniformly throughout the nucleus rather than bound to DNA, most of the radiotoxicity of intranuclear 125I-labelled iodoantipyrine must be due to Auger electrons. PMID- 6967469 TI - Neoplastic transformation of 10T1/2 cells by 60Co gamma-rays: evidence of repair of damage at reduced dose rate. PMID- 6967468 TI - Thermal neutron capture therapy of malignant melanoma: in vitro radiobiological analysis. PMID- 6967470 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: immune response to normal and irradiated cercariae or soluble stage-specific surface immunogens. PMID- 6967471 TI - Electrodiagnostic and psychophysical testing in retinal disease. PMID- 6967473 TI - The Chief Scientist reports...A study of the experimental basis for surgery of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6967474 TI - [Pyroderma fistulans sinifica associated with congenital alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]. AB - A patient is reported who suffered from pyodermia fistulans sinifica (acne conglobata sinifica, acne tetrade) and who presented a severe congenital alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (phenotype ZZ). The possible significance of the protease inhibitor deficiency for the development of this disease is discussed. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency has been observed in several dermatoses (panniculitis, cutaneous vasculitis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, acquired angioneurotic edema and cold urticaria). The insufficient neutralization of liberated leukocyte proteases has been considered to play an important role in these disorders. Besides the ultrastructural finding in the liver cell which is typical for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency crystals were found as are seen in the cholesterol ester storage disease. This was probably caused by an increased influx of fatty acids. PMID- 6967472 TI - Macular color vision defects: specialized psychophysical testing in acquired and hereditary chorioretinal diseases. PMID- 6967475 TI - [Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of distal selective splenorenal anastomoses by the Warren method]. PMID- 6967476 TI - A fluorescence histochemical study of the monoamine-containing cell in the developing frog taste organ. AB - Sequential changes in the monoamine-containing cell (MC cell) of the developing frog tongue has been studied by fluorescence histochemistry using uptake of 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine. At st. 16, a few yellow fluorescent cells, here called MC cells, appeared in random order at the uppermost layer of the dorsal epithelium. They were round or elliptical in shape. At st. 18 the MC cells, greatly transformed, were found at the periphery of the sensory disc primordium which first appears during this stage. The MC cell was made up of three parts: perikaryon, process and terminal portion. The perikaryon was located at the upper half of the epithelium and from it a single process stretched vertically toward the basal lamina, above which the dilated terminal portion was found. Thereafter the perikaryon gradually moved toward the basal layer while remaining at the periphery of the disc primordium. Meanwhile the terminal portion moved over the basal lamina toward the center of the disc primordium. At st. 22, the whole of the MC cell lay flat above the basal lamina. The perikaryon was localized at the periphery of the sensory disc and from there the process stretched toward the center. Thus, the morphology of MC cells resembled the adult state, except for smaller size. MC cells were never observed in the subepithelial connective tissue in the present study. This seems to suggest that the MC cell of the frog fungiform papilla is of epithelial origin. PMID- 6967477 TI - Microspectrograpic analysis of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in the quail adenohypophysis after injection of L-dopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan. AB - The spectral distribution of the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence emitted by model solutions and by adenohypophpyses after intraperitoneal injection of L-dopa or 5-hydroxytryptophan was analyzed microspectrographically. Based on previously reported studies and on present findings, it seems that dopamine is stored in the strongly fluorescent cells after injection of L-dopa, and that a compound closely related to 5-hydroxytryptophan. A non-specific, granular fluorescence appeared after 5-hydroxytryptophan and, to a lesser extend, L-dopa treatment. It probably represents autofluorescence of lysosomes, which are numerous in these circumstances. PMID- 6967478 TI - Potassium binding sites in muscle: electron microscopic visualization of K, Rb, and Cs in freeze-dried preparations and autoradiography at liquid nitrogen temperature using 86Rb and 134Cs. AB - Normal frog sartorius muscles and muscles in which a major portion of the intracellular K+ was reversibly replaced by Rb+ or Cs+ were frozen, freeze-dried and embedded without chemical fixation or staining. Dry-cut sections of these preparations reveal striation patterns with higher contrast than those of wet-cut sections of the same preparation. The results suggest that in the living state the alkali metal ions are mainly localized in the A bands and Z lines of myofibrils. This idea is confirmed by a new autoradiographic technique by means of which the distribution of Rb+ and Cs+ in frozen-hydrated single muscle fibers has been investigated. The findings support the association-induction hypothesis according to which most cell K+ and other alkali-metal ions are not free in cell water but are adsorbed to beta- and gamma-carboxyl groups of cell proteins. PMID- 6967479 TI - Indirect pathogenicity. PMID- 6967480 TI - Comparative stabilities of penicillins and cephalosporins to staphylococcal beta lactamase and activities against Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6967481 TI - Comparison and classification of cephalosporins. PMID- 6967482 TI - Assessment of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophore membrane asymmetry through bilateral antiserum adsorption studies. AB - The asymmetric structure of the Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophore membrane was examined in detail by crossed immunoelectrophoresis techniques. Because these methods are quantitative and allow increased resolution and sensitivity, it was possible to analyze simultaneously the relative transmembrane distribution of a number of previously identified antigenic components. This was demonstrated by analysis of immunoglobulin samples that were adsorbed by preincubation with either isolated chromatophores or osmotically protected spheroplasts. The photochemical reaction center, the light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll a-protein complex, the L-lactate dehydrogenase, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3) were found to be exposed on the chromatophore surface (cytoplasmic aspect of the membrane within the cell). Other antigenic components were found to be exposed on the surface of spheroplasts (periplasmic aspect of the in vivo chromatophore membrane). Antigens with determinants expressed on both sides of the chromatophore membrane were also identified. Charge shift crossed immunoelectrophoresis confirmed the suggested amphiphilic character of the pigment-protein complexes and identified several additional amphiphilic membrane components. PMID- 6967484 TI - Transformation of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides with deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from bacteriophage R phi 6P. AB - The transformation of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides with the circular genome of the penicillinase-encoding, temperate bacteriophage R phi 6P was demonstrated. The transformation was dependent on the infection of the recipient by another, apparently closely related, temperature bacteriophage, R phi 9. Optimum transformation occurred in the recipient cells already lysogenic for R phi 9 when superinfected with that bacteriophage at multiplicities of infection between 1 and 10 R phi 9 particles per recipient cell. PMID- 6967483 TI - Protein composition of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides outer membrane. AB - The outer membrane polypeptide profile of Rhodopseudmonas sphaeroides was characterized. Solubilization of the outer membrane at 75 or 100 degrees C as opposed to room temperature resulted in the dissociation of 75-, 72-, and 68 kilodalton (kdal) polypeptide aggregates into 29-, 26.5-, and 21.5-kdal polypeptides, respectively, and a shared 47-kdal subunit. Similarly, an 88.5-kdal polypeptide dissociates into a 45-kdal monomeric form, and the electrophoretic mobility of a 58.5-kdal polypeptide was altered to 83 kdal. Lysozyme treatment of outer membrane fractions altered the 21.5-kdal polypeptide mobility to 23 kdal. The presence of lipid in both the 47-kdal polypeptide and an 8- to 10-kdal polypeptide was demonstrated by lipid staining and [14C]acetate incorporation. The lipid component of the 47-kdal polypeptide was neither lipopolysaccharide nor phospholipid. The 8- to 10-kdal polypeptide may be the equivalent of the Braun lipoprotein. Outer membrane fractions isolated from R. sphaeroides-specific phage RS1-resistant mutants were deficient in several of the high-molecular-weight aggregates involving the 47-kdal polypeptide. PMID- 6967485 TI - Inducible repair system in Haemophilus influenzae unaccompanied by mutation. AB - Weigle reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated HPlc1 phage was observed after ultraviolet or mitomycin C treatment of Haemophilus influenzae cells. The amount of reactivation was considerably increased when the treated cells were incubated in growth medium before infection. The presence of chloramphenicol during this incubation abolished the reactivation. No mutation of this phage accompanied the reactivation. When cells were treated so as to produce a maximal reactivation of phage, neither reactivation or mutation of cells was observed. It is concluded that H. influenzae has an inducible repair system that is not accompanied by mutation. PMID- 6967486 TI - Extracellular metal-free corrinoids from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. AB - Rhodopseudomonas spheroides when grown on a medium deficient of cobalt excretes significant amounts of descobaltocorrinoids into the culture broth. If grown in the presence of 4 microM CoCl2 only intracellular cobalt-containing corrinoids are detected. The extracellular corrinoids have been identified as hydrogenobyrinic acid c-amide and hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide which are accompanied by varying amounts of the corresponding 13-epicorrinoids. The latter, which could not be separated in the metal-free form, are artifacts arising from the excreted descobaltocorrinoids under the alkaline conditions of the culture broth. The red metal-free corrinoids have been converted into the corresponding cobalt-containing corrinoids and were characterized by their CD, UV, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra. Insertion of cobalt into the fraction of hydrogenobyrinic acid c amide has yielded small amounts of a cobalt-containing corrinoid, for which the structure of 18,19-didehydrocobyrinic acid c-amide is suggested. A 14C-labeled specimen of hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide was obtained by feeding [14C]acetate to growing cultures of R. spheroides. Experiments with broken cell systems of Propionibacterium shermanii and R. spheroides have indicated that metal-free corrinoids are not precursors of the cobamides. The results are discussed with respect to the final steps of the biosynthesis of vitamin B12. PMID- 6967487 TI - Active tension changes in frog skeletal muscle during and after mechanical extension. PMID- 6967488 TI - Stimulation of macrophage plasminogen activator activity by colony-stimulating factors. AB - Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) stimulate granulocyte-macrophage praoduction from single hemopoietic progenitor cells. Various preparations of purified CSFs of two different subclasses have been shown here to stimulate a plasminogen dependent fibrinolytic (plasminogen activator) activity from resident and starch induced mouse peritoneal macrophages. Lymphocyte supernatants also stimulate macrophage plasminogen activator (PA) activity. Since they contain colony stimulating activity, it is possible that one or more subclasses of CSF in these supernatants is responsible for this effect. Since both colony-stimulating and macrophage growth activities have been detected at inflammatory sites, these findings could reflect a role for CSF in inflammatory processes. PMID- 6967489 TI - Danazol-induced augmentation of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin levels in individuals with marked deficiency of this antiprotease. AB - Individuals with serum alpha1-antitrypsin levels below 80 mg/dl are clearly at risk for the development of accelerated panacinar emphysema. One possible approach to the therapy of this disorder would be to raise serum levels of this major antiprotease to establish protease-antiprotease homeostasis within the lung parenchyma. Because danazol, an impeded androgen, elevates levels of C1 inhibitor in patients deficient of that serum antiprotease, we hypothesized that this agent might also increase alpha1-antitrypsin levels in patients with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. To evaluate this concept, seven patients with severe emphysema associated with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (six PiZ and 1 M(Duarte)Z) and one asymptomatic individual (PiSZ) received 600 mg of danazol daily for 30 d. Five of the six PiZ patients responded to danazol therapy with significant increases in serum alpha1-antitrypsin levels (mean increase of 37%; P < 0.03). The two individuals who were heterozygous for the Z protein increased their serum levels by 85% (PiM(Duarte)Z) and 87% (PiSZ), respectively. These increases in serum alpha1-antitrypsin antigen were accompanied by commensurate increases in serum trypsin inhibition. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed no alterations of the microheterogeneity of the alpha1-antitrypsin or the presence of protease antiprotease complexes in serum during danazol therapy. These data demonstrate that serum alpha1-antitrypsin levels can be augmented by danazol therapy in PiZ individuals as well as those heterozygotes with severe deficiency of alpha1 antitrypsin. The clinical relevance of these increases in serum alpha1 antitrypsin remains speculative, but these findings suggest that danazol may provide a means of improving the protease-antiprotease balance in these individuals and thus impede the progression of their lung disease. PMID- 6967490 TI - Early-onset pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis associated with human leukocyte antigen-DRw5, iritis, and antinuclear antibody. AB - Evidence has been sought for a genetically determined predisposition among children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) who are also at particular risk for the development of inflammatory eye disease.45 unrelated Caucasian patients (41 female) with early-onset pauciarticular JRA were human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types. 28 of the study group were found to be HLA-DRw5 compared with 16 of 84 controls (X(2), 24.3, P = <0.001). 9 patients were HLA-DRw8 compared with 4 of 84 controls (X(2), 7.51, P = <0.01). Iritis developed in 24 of the 45 children studied, 17 of whom were typed as HLA-DRw5 when compared to controls (X(2), 26.76, P = <0.001) and 6 with iritis typed as HLA-DRw8 (X(2), 9.10, P = <0.01). Antinuclear antibody was found in the serum of 17 of the 28 patients typing as HLA-DRw5 compared with 4 of the 17 who did not have this antigen (X(2), 5.88, P = <0.02). No such association was seen in patients with HLA-DRw8. In a study of linked genes, a delta value of 0.090 was found for HLA-DRw5 with HLA-B12, of 0.070 for DRw5 with HLA-Cw4, and a value of 0.050 for DRw5 and HLA-Bw35. This suggests a linkage disequilibrium between HLA-DRw5 and these two B series alleles, a conclusion which was supported by haplotype analysis in families of 11 of the disease probands. HLA-DRw5 has not previously been reported to be increased in any rheumatic disease group. It is proposed that HLA-DRw5 is a genetic marker defining those at risk for early-onset pauciarticular JRA with iritis. PMID- 6967491 TI - Stage-dependent reduction in T colony formation in Hodgkin's disease. Coincidence with monocyte synthesis of prostaglandins. AB - Prostaglandin synthesis and T lymphocyte colony formation have been examined in previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. Mononuclear cells have been isolated from peripheral blood and spleens of these patients. Significant augmentation in prostaglandin E levels were noted in the mononuclear cell cutures from Hodgkin's disease patients compared with controls (1.64 +/- 0.29 vs. 0.39 +/ 0.09 ng/10(6) cells, P < 0.005). Measured prostaglandin E levels increased with advancing stage of disease. Virtually all of the prostaglandins were synthesized by the adherent monocyte cell population. Prostaglandin E was the major product. Clonal expansion of a T lymphocyte precursor cell, which gives rise to colonies > 50 cells, was determined by a layered soft agar method. T colony formation was significantly reduced in patients with stage II, III, and IV disease. There were progressively reduced colony numbers seen with advancing stage of disease (609 +/ 209, 416 +/- 158, 207 +/- 58 compared with normals 2,274 +/- 360 colonies/10(6) cells plated; P < 0.005). The addition of inhibitors of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis resulted in significant augmentation of T colony number. However, a consistent relative decrease in T colony number was seen even when endogenous prostaglandin E synthesis was blocked. It would appear that both the prostaglandin-dependent and independent T colony precursor cells are lost with progressive stage of disease. A causative role of augmented prostaglandin synthesis in this stage-dependent reduction of T colony formation could not be established. PMID- 6967492 TI - A comparison of the effects of zomepirac and aspirin on fecal blood loss. PMID- 6967493 TI - Denervation of non-optic brain areas along the course of the optic tract does not affect the success of optic nerve regeneration in frogs. PMID- 6967494 TI - Histiocytosis X: treatment with topical nitrogen mustard. AB - The case histories of two elderly patients with cutaneous histiocytosis X treated topically with nitrogen mustard are presented. The cutaneous lesions cleared within 2 to 3 weeks, and remission was maintained with daily topical administration of nitrogen mustard. The clinical impression of improvement was substantiated by light and electron microscopic studies prior to and after therapy. PMID- 6967495 TI - Sunscreens prevent ultraviolet photocarcinogenesis. AB - Sunscreens of low or high sun protection factors (SPF*) were tested for their ability to inhibit ultraviolet (UV) carcinogenesis in two varieties of hairless mice. Low protection (SPF = 2) reduced by 50% the number of albino animals developing tumors. High protection (SPF =15) prevented tumor formation. Tumorigenesis was totally prevented in the lightly pigmented variety with either sunscreen, demonstrating the added protection of melanin. In mice and man, UV induced cancer is a cumulative process. Reducing the amount of UV light reaching the basal layer will retard that process. PMID- 6967496 TI - Anaphylactic reaction to penicillin (or penicillin-like substance) in a soft drink. AB - An acute anaphylactic reaction occurred in a patient known to be highly sensitive to penicillin following ingestion of the soft drink Wink. Bacteriologic studies showed the presence of penicillin or a penicillin-like substance in the Wink, suggesting it as the cause of the anaphylaxis. The source of this contaminant could not be identified. PMID- 6967497 TI - Immunoregulation of parasite infections. PMID- 6967498 TI - Color vision defects in the elderly. PMID- 6967499 TI - Contribution to the amygdaloid projection field in the rat. A quantitative autoradiographic study. AB - Light microscopic autoradiography and quantitative photometric studies of autoradiographs were performed subsequent to injection of tritiated amino acids into various parts of the amygdala of the rat. The course of amygdalofugal fibers in the stria terminalis (bilaterally), longitudinal association bundle, medial amygdalo-hypothalamic pathway, and medial forebrain bundle is described. Evidence is provided for both additional transcapsular and paracapsular fibers and early descending stria terminalis fibers. Labeling of the ipsilateral main olfactory bulb and the bilateral acessory olfactory bulb was observed following injection into the cortical amygdaloid subnucleus. The termination of amygdalofugal fibers in the preoptic area and especially the subnucleu of the ventromedial and premamillary hypothalamic nuclei bilaterally were analysed by photometric measurement. A caudal amygdaloid projection system arises from the central amygdaloid nucleus. This system extends to the substantia nigra, lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract, central grey in the midbrain, and to the parabrachial nuclei, nucleus of the mesencephalic trigeminal tract, nucleus of the solitary tract in the hindbrain. PMID- 6967500 TI - Experimental study of the mechanism of autoantibody formation. AB - A series of experiments on 78 albino mice demonstrated that cultivation in the presence of tuberculin of spleen cells of animals sensitized by BCG vaccine results in an increase of the number of cells producing antibodies to autologous, isologous and heterologous erythrocytes. This also applies to the cultivation of bone marrow cells. Thymus cells neutralize the stimulation of bone marrow cells. The conclusion has been drawn that autoantibodies are synthesized by B lymphocytes stimulated during the specific immune reaction to microbial antigens. This process is controlled by the thymus whose cells have a suppressive effect on the synthesis of autoantibodies. PMID- 6967501 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery at a VA medical center. PMID- 6967502 TI - Survival. Bypass for three vessel coronary artery disease. PMID- 6967503 TI - Cimetidine. Treatment of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6967504 TI - The enterohepatic physiology of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - Products of intravenously administered [3H]24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are excreted in the bile of normocalcemic, vitamin D-replete rats. Within 3 and 24 hr, 7.3% +/ 1.4 and 18.5% +/- 1.4 (mean +/- S.D.) of the administered dose appears in the bile. Three hours after the instillation of the biliary products of [3H]24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 into the duodena of other rats. 7.6% +/- 2.05 of the administered dose appears in newly secreted bile; at 24 hr 21.1% +/- 7.8 of the instilled dose is present in newly secreted bile. These data suggest that products of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are excreted in bile and undergo an enterohepatic circulation. The metabolites of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 excreted in bile are much more polar than the parent sterol as assessed by silicic acid chromatography and by high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques. The products are retained on DEAE-cellulose in the presence of methanol are eluted upon the addition of acetic acid to the eluting solvent. The data support the existence of a quantitatively important enterohepatic circulation of polar metabolites of [3H]24,25-dihydroxyvitamin E3; disturbances in this metabolic pathway could help explain the pathogenesis of hepatic and intestinal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6967505 TI - Altered cell mediated immunity in atrophic rhinitis. AB - Cellular immunity was studied in patients with atrophic rhinitis using the in vitro leucocyte migration and the spontaneous rosette tests. Cellular hypersensitivity to crude nasal homogenate was detected in 90 per cent of our cases as shown by inhibition of the leucocyte migration. The spontaneous rosette test showed a reduction in the number of T-cells forming rosettes which reflects a decrease in the absolute number of T-lymphocytes. This altered cellular reactivity or loss of tolerance to nasal tissues may be precipitated primarily by virus infection, malnutrition and/or immuno-deficiency which trigger a destructive auto-immune process with the release of antigen(s) of nasal mucosa into the circulation. PMID- 6967506 TI - Characterization of a corticosteroid 21-dehydroxylase from the intestinal anaerobic bacterium, Eubacterium lentum. AB - An oxygen-sensitive corticosteroid 21-dehydroxylase has been characterized in cell extracts of Eubacterium lentum. The enzyme was highly specific for corticosteroids containing and alpha-ketol structure and required FMNH2 or reduced benzyl viologen for activity. The enzyme used deoxycorticosterone, deoxycortisol, dehydrocorticosterone, and corticosterone as substrates. Substrate saturation kinetics using [3H]corticosterone yielded an apparent Km of 7.35 microM and a Vmax of 15.4 nmol (11 beta-[3H]hydroxyprogesterone) formed per hr x mg protein-1. 21-Dehydroxylase activity was inhibited by both water-soluble and lipophilic metal ion chelators. NADH: flavin oxidoreductase and 21-dehydroxylase activities were separated by anaerobic DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose 6B chromatography. 21-Dehydroxylase had a relative weight of 582,000 as determined by Sepharose 6B chromatography. There was a 7-fold increase in the rate of 21 dehydroxylation of [3H]deoxycorticosterone in whole cell suspensions of E. lentum sparged with H2 as compared to argon gas. PMID- 6967507 TI - Androgen receptor in the thumb pad of Rana esculenta: dynamic aspects. AB - The androgen receptor (dissociation constant, 6 x 10(-9) mol/l) present in the 105 000 g cytosol fraction of the thumb pad of Rana esculenta is hormone dependent. The number of testosterone binding sites decreased in the absence of the testes and in long-term castrated animals (75 days) became undetectable. Administration of testosterone (50 ng) induced the replenishment of the cytophasmic androgen receptor; its concentration also varied during the annual reproductive cycle. PMID- 6967508 TI - Effect of follicular steroids on the maturation and fertilization of mammalian oocytes. AB - Pronuclear development was used to measure the effects on ovine oocytes of altering follicular steroidogenesis during maturation in vitro. Follicular steroid secretion was altered using enzyme inhibitors and exogenous steroid supplementation. Abnormalities induced during maturation were measured 24 h after tranfer of oocytes to the oviducts of inseminated hosts. The presence throughout maturation of aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, reduced steroid secretion to 7% of that in controls and decreased from 77% to 33% the number of normal oocytes. Abnormalities were substantially reduced by the addition of aminoglutethimide during the final 8 h of maturation only. The inhibition of 17 alpha-hydroxylase enzymes with SU10603 reduced oestrogen and testosterone secretion to about 10% of control levels but had no effect on progestin secretion. Only 13% of oocytes matured in the continual presence of SU10603 underwent normal fertilization. The number of oocytes undergoing normal fertilization was increased to about 50% by (i) delaying the addition of SU10603 until the last 8 h of the maturation period or (ii) adding exogenous steroids to follicles cultured with inhibitor from explantation. It is concluded that oocytes require a specific intra-follicular steroid environment for the completion of the full maturation process. Alterations to the steroid profile during maturation induce changes in the oocyte which are expressed as gross abnormalities at fertilization. PMID- 6967509 TI - Activation of murine B lymphocytes by anti-immunoglobulin is an inductive signal leading to immunoglobulin secretion. AB - Cultures of isolated mouse splenic B lymphocytes activated by the divalent F(ab')2 fragment of purified rabbit anti-mouse Fab or class-specific anti-mouse IgM antibodies can be driven on to high rate Ig secretion by the addition of the supernatant fluid of a 24-h culture of concanavalin A-activated spleen cells (SN). The polyclonal antibody response to anti-Ig pus SN is comparable in magnitude with the lipopolysaccharide response as measured in a reverse plaque assay. The addition of SN can be delayed for 24 h after addition of anti-Ig without changing the kinetics of the response. Addition at 48 h delays the response by 24 h. The response to F(ab')2 anti-Fab plus SN is sensitive to Fc dependent inhibition because intact anti-Fab antibodies inhibit strongly at relatively low concentrations. The monovalent Fab' fragment fails to induce Ig secretion, indicating that cross-linkage of surface immunoglobulin is required. Although the production of active SN is T cell dependent, the response to anti-Ig plus SN is T independent. These findings are interpreted as a polyclonal model of a thymus-dependent antibody response. X PMID- 6967510 TI - Identification of the membrane glycoprotein that is the C3b receptor of the human erythrocyte, polymorphonuclear leukocyte, B lymphocyte, and monocyte. AB - A human erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein of 205,000 mol wt (gp205) has been identified as the C3b receptor of the erythrocyte, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), B lymphocyte, and monocyte. Initially, gp205 was sought and characterized as a constituent of the human erythrocyte membrane that can impair activation of the alternative complement pathway by inducing loss of function of the properdin stabilized amplification C3 convertase (C3b,Bb,P) through displacement of Bb from C3b and by promoting cleavage-inactivation of C3b by C3b inactivator. These inhibitory activities of gp205 suggested that this membrane glyeoprotein had an affinity for C3b and prompted an analysis of its possible identity as the C3b receptor of human peripheral blood cells. The F(ab')2 fragment of rabbit IgG anti gp205 inhibited the formation of rosettes with sheep EC3b of human erythroeytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes and PMN in a dose-response manner; the 50 percent inhibitory doses were 0.13/mug/ml, 0.90 mug/ml, 1.25 mug/ml, and 1.20 mug/ml of F(ab')2, respectively. Anti-gp205 did not impair the formation of rosettes by monocytes and B lymphocytes with sheep EC3bi or with EC3d. Scatchard analysis of the number of specific (125)I-F(ab')(2) anti-gp205 binding sites/cell revealed 950 sites/erythrocyte, 21,000 sites/cell of B lymphocyte preparation, 57,000 sites/PMN, and 48,000 sites/monocyte, indicating that the higher concentrations of antibody that had been required for inhibition of rosette formation by the nucleated cells reflected larger numbers of receptors on these cells. Direct evidence for the identity of gp205 as the C3b receptor of the four cell types was obtained when detergent-solubilized membrane proteins of the surface radioiodinated cells were reacted with anti- gp205 and the immunoprecipitate was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. In each instance, the antigenic material reacting with anti-gp205 represented a single protein with an apparent 205,000 mol wt. Thus, gp205 is the C3b receptor of human erythrocytes, PMN, B lymphocytes, and monocytes. PMID- 6967511 TI - An antigen shared by a human T cell subset and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemic cells. Distribution on normal and malignant lymphoid cells. AB - We obtained a monoclonal antibody, A50, after immunizing Biozzi's high responder strain of mice with T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) cells. A50 recognized an antigen present on the surface of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells from many patients and from cells of T lineage from any subject we tested. We could not find this antigen either on the surface of normal B cell or on other non-T cell malignancies. On T cells, this antigen was present on a subpopulation of thymus cells, and on most peripheral T cells. The antigen was present on the surface of cells from T-CLL, Sezary's disease, and a subset o T cell lymphoma. The antigen seemed to belong to a complex set of antigenic determinants that we had defined with rabbit antisera. PMID- 6967512 TI - On the T cell hyperreactivity of NZB mice against H-2-identical cells. Evidence for primary response characteristics and an increased helper potential. AB - Experimental evidence presented in this paper suggests that the T cell hyperreactivity of NZB mice against H-2 identical target cells is a true primary response and not the consequence of an in vivo T cell autoimmune priming event. Based on additional data, we believe an elevated potential of T cell help to be present in NZB mice, which facilitates the observed hyperreactivity F1 hybrids of NZB and normal strains of mice inherited the capacity to hyperreact against H-2 identical cells in an H-2-unrestricted fashion. Because the hybrids tested possess both Qa-1 alleles--Qa-1b and Qa-1a--our experiments either indicate the existence of heterogeneity within the Qa-1b system or of an H-2-unrestricted response against additional target antigens. The T cell hyperreactivity might prove to be a valuable tool in further investigations of the pathomechanism of autoimmune disease. PMID- 6967513 TI - Mature bone marrow erythroid burst-forming units do not require T cells for induction of erythropoietin-dependent differentiation. AB - Cell-cell interactions between mature T cells and peripheral blood null cells induce erythropoietin-stimulated differentiation of peripheral blood-derived erythroid progenitors. By the use of complement-fixing cytolytic murine hybridoma and antibody uniquely reactive with mature T lymphocytes, this dependence of immature peripheral blood erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) differentiation upon mature T cells or a T cell conditioned medium is confirmed. By using the same antibody, it is demonstrated that the differentiation of mature bone marrow BFU-E does not require either mature T cells or lymphocyte mitogenic factor. These findings do not preclude the presence in the bone marrow of other cells, perhaps even immature T cells, that influence erythropoietin-dependent erythroid differentiation of mature marrow BFU-E. PMID- 6967514 TI - Preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-protein conjugates. AB - A method is presented for covalently bonding Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (HIB Ps) to several proteins. The method is efficient and relies upon the use of adipic dihydrazide as a spacer between the capsular polysaccharide and the carrier protein. In contrast to the poor immunogenicity of the purified HIB Ps in mice and rabbits, the HIB Ps-protein conjugates induced serum anti-type b antibodies having bactericidal activity at levels shown to be protective in humans when low doses were injected subcutaneously in a saline solution. The antibody response in mice was related to the dose of the conjugates, increased with the number of injections, and could be primed by the previous injection of the carrier protein. The HIB Ps-protein conjugates were immunogenic in three different mouse strains. The importance of the carrier molecule for the enhanced immunogenicity of the HIB Ps-protein conjugates was shown by the failure of HIB Ps hybrids prepared with either the homologous polysaccharide or pneumococcus type 3 polysaccharide to induce antibodie in mice. Rabbits injected with the HIB Ps-protein conjugates emulsified in Freund's adjuvant produced high levels of serum anti-type b antibodies which induced a bactericidal effect upon H. influenzae type b organisms. It is proposed that the HIB Ps component of the polysaccharide protein conjugates has been converted to a thymic-dependent immunogen. This method may be used to prepare protein polysaccharide conjugates with HIB Ps and other polysaccharides to be considered for human use. PMID- 6967516 TI - Adrenal scintigraphy: comparison of the Anger tomoigraphic scanner and the large field gamma camera: concise communication. AB - To evaluate observer performance in adrenal scintigraphy with two different imaging instruments and to assess the requirement for computer processing in routine adrenal imaging, gamma-camera images (analog and computer processed) and Anger tomoscanner studies were independently interpreted by three observers. Thirty-eight pairs of images were used for the analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in comparing the tomoscanner with the large-field gamma camera, and 44 pairs of images were used for the comparison of the gamma camera analog images with computer-processed images. ROC analysis demonstrated a higher detection rate for the tomographic images. The computer-processed images did not improve adrenal detection. When each case was considered individually, the tomoiscanner was preferred in 37% of cases, and in 50% of cases, both instruments were considered to be equaly valuable. PMID- 6967517 TI - Transient positive postictal computed tomographic scan. PMID- 6967515 TI - Immune disease and HLA associations with myasthenia gravis. AB - In the late 1950's laboratory and clinical evidence suggested that myasthenia gravis was an autoimmune disorder. Since then a voluminous literature has developed documenting the many immunological abnormalities that occur in this condition. Recent findings point to a central disorder of immunoregulation. It is postulated that the disease occurs as a result of host genetic and environmental influences-the latter being, as yet unidentified and possibly a virus. PMID- 6967518 TI - A possible neurophysiological basis for depth perception in frogs: existence of a horopter surface. AB - In frogs, multi-unit receptive fields (MURF) of rostral binocular tectal points (BTP) show a crossed disparity when mapped at a distance equal to the perimeter radius (i.e., 33 cm). The shape of the spatial surface where MURF of all BTP are in-register is investigated in two planes: (a) in the longitudinal plane, the locus of superimposition is a circumference passing through both eyes; (b) in the vertical plane, it corresponds to a straight line tilted towards the animal's head. This surface can be defined as the frog's horopter surface since it represents the spatial locus where objects can simultaneously stimulate corresponding retinal areas. Behavioural and electrophysiological correlations are discussed. PMID- 6967519 TI - Lymphocyte proliferative response in vitro and its cellular dependency in guinea pigs with experimental allergic orchitis. AB - The development of cellular hypersensitivity was measured by the proliferative response of lymph node cells in vitro and a skin test to partly purified testicular antigen. There was a slight stimulation of lymph node cells and of the delayed cutaneous response at 1-2 weeks after sensitization with testicular antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant and then, after a decline in response, there was a pronounced peak at 6 weeks after sensitizaton. The early response coincided with the onset and active inflammatory stage of the effect on the testis, while the major peak was consistent with a state of aspermatogenesis. The proliferative response of unseparated lymph node cells could not be attributed to the function of T or B cells acting alone, although at 6 weeks after sensitization B-cell populations did become slightly responsive to antigen. The response of T lymphocytes was enhanced by the presence of B lymphocytes or peritoneal macrophages at 2 and 6 weeks after sensitization, but B cells did not appear to interact with macrophages. We conclude that T cells are essential to the proliferative response of lymph node cells during the induction of experimental allergic orchitis in guinea-pigs. PMID- 6967520 TI - Percutaneous fetal ventriculography: a simplified technique to aid in management of the hydrocephalic fetus. PMID- 6967522 TI - Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. AB - An increased frequency of diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) was found in 7 of 15 cases of polymyositis and dermatomyositis seen in a 7-yr period. Affected patients had higher values of creatine phosphokinase and aldolase and more severe muscle necrosis than 8 patients with DILD. Early corticosteroid therapy sufficient to normalize enzymes apparently led to better resolutions of DILD. Active muscle necrosis seemed to be related to the development of DILD. PMID- 6967521 TI - Prevalence of Sm antibody in family members of Sm positive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Sm antibody is found almost exclusively in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Considering Sm antibody to be a possible "marker" for SLE, we investigated the prevalence of Sm antibody in 29 first degree relatives and spouses of Sm positive patients with SLE. Sm antibody was not detected by Ouchterlony agar gel diffusion in any of the study group, and none of the family members or spouses had SLE or other antoimmune disease. This study suggests that Sm antibody is not a likely "marker" for a transmissable agent involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. PMID- 6967524 TI - Radiologic seminar CCV: CT in intracranial abscess. PMID- 6967523 TI - A lupus-like syndrome due to lbuprofen hypersensitivity. AB - A patient with degenerative joint disease with an unusual hypersensitivity reaction to ibuprofen is described. The patient developed transient fever, myalgia polyarthritis and rash following each of 4 exposures to the drug. These manifestations were associated with positive Coombs' and FANA tests. PMID- 6967525 TI - [Study on coagulative and fibrinolytic dynamics during aorto-coronary bypass procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967526 TI - The action of chlorphenesin carbamate on the frog spinal cord. AB - Studies were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of action of chlorphenesin carbamate (CPC) and to compare the effect of the drug with that of mephenesin on the isolated bullfrog spinal cord. Ventral and dorsal root potentials were recorded by means of the sucrose-gap method. CPC caused marked hyperpolarizations and depressed spontaneous activities in both of the primary afferent terminals (PAT) and motoneurons (MN). These hyperpolarizations were observed even in high Mg2+ and Ca2+-free Ringer's solution, suggesting that CPC has direct actions on PAT and MN. Various reflex potentials (dorsal and ventral root potentials elicited by stimulating dorsal and ventral root, respectively) tended to be depressed by CPC as well as by mephenesin. Excitatory amino acids (L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid) caused marked depolarizations in PAT and MN, and increased the firing rate in MN. CPC did not modify the depolarization but abolished the motoneuron firing induced by these amino acids. However, mephenesin reduced both the depolarization and the motoneuron firing. The dorsal and ventral root potentials evoked by tetanic stimulation (40 Hz) of the dorsal root were depressed by the drugs. These results indicate that CPC has an apparent depressing action on the spinal neuron, and this action may be ascribed to the slight hyperpolarization and/or the prolongation of refractory period. PMID- 6967527 TI - Thymidine as a chemotherapeutic agent: pharmacologic, cytokinetic, and biochemical studies in a patient with T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Biochemical studies suggested that leukemia T-cells have low levels of TTP catabolizing enzyme activity and are uniquely sensitive to thymidine (dThd). A child with T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), whose peripheral blood lymphoblasts manifested very low TTP catabolic capacity, was treated with 75 g dThd/m2/day by constant iv infusion for two courses of 5 and 8 days. The dThd caused an initial accumulation of peripheral blood blasts in S-phase at the expense of cells in G1, followed by a rapid reversal of this pattern consistent with a block in late G1 and/or early S. Concurrently, a prompt reduction of blasts was found in the peripheral blood. However, dThd treatment neither decreased the number of lymphoblasts in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nor cleared the marrow. No major toxicity was observed, but the effect of dThd on normal marrow elements could not be evaluated in this patient. Blood concentrations of dThd were 1.4-3.0 mM, and concentrations of thymine were in the same range; beta half-life for dThd was 48 minutes. Steady-state CSF dThd was 9% of the simultaneous serum level. Clearance measurements demonstrated that catabolism of dThd was saturated and that renal clearance was a major determinant of total body clearance during high-dose dThd infusion. A good correlation was found between biochemical and cytokinetic parameters and response to dThd for the peripheral blood lymphoblasts. However, dThd did not produce a useful remission in this case of T-cell ALL. PMID- 6967528 TI - N:NIH(S)-nu/nu mice with combined immunodeficiency: a new model for human tumor heterotransplantation. AB - A new "nude" mouse model was developed by successive crossings and backcrossings between athymic nu/nu mice, on an N:NIH(S) background, and female CBA/N mice that have an X-linked immune defect in B-lymphocyte function. The resulting doubly congenic N:NIH(S(II-nu/nu mice maintained the marked thymic hypoplasia and poor development of hair of the nu/nu mice. In contrast to nu/nu and CBA/N mice, in this new mouse model both T-cell zones of lymph nodes and the spleen were depleted of lymphocytes. Lymphocytic follicles were rare and diminutive; not germinal centers were noted. The nodal cortical and paracortical areas were represented principally by connective tissue, endothelial cells, and macrophages, including giant multinucleated cells. No medullary cords were recognized. The mice with combined immunodeficiency supported the growth of human tumor xenografts and were susceptible to murine viral hepatitis. PMID- 6967529 TI - Tumor immunity to murine plasma cell tumors. V. Genetic control of the in vitro cytotoxic T-cell response to plasma cell tumor-associated antigens of NZB mice. AB - Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (Tc) were induced in vitro to plasmacytoma tumor associated antigens (TAA) by coculture of irradiated cells of plasma cell tumors (PCT) from NZB mice and viable nonimmune or PCT-immune spleen cells from NZB. (NZB X C57BL)F1, (NZB X B10.D2)F1, and (NZB X B10,BR)F1 mice. When nonimmune spleen cells were used, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked genetic control of te primary in vitro induction of Tc to NZB PCT was demostrated for a shared TAA expressed on NZB and BALB/c PCT. Evidence was also obtained for a non MHC-linked genetic control of the primary in vitro induction of Tc to a second TAA that ws expressed on both PCT and T-lymphomas. When the spleen cells were obtained from mice preimmunized to an NZB PCT, a secondary in vitro Tc response was observed, and a PCT-specific and strain-specific TAA or NZB mice was identified. In addition, results with the F1 hybrids also indicated an MHC-linked genetic control of the in vitro Tc response to this strain-specific TAA. PMID- 6967530 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute esophagogastroduodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6967531 TI - [Combined injuries of the abdominal aorta and abdominal organs]. PMID- 6967533 TI - [Peri- and postoperative application of intraaortic counterpulsation after cardiac surgery: retrospective analysis of short- and long-term results (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967532 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype. Case record and prognosis in severe alpha-antitrypsin deficiency Pi ZZ (author's transl)]. AB - A mother had a child with cirrhosis of the liver and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. In a subsequent pregnancy the fetal phenotype Pi MZ was detected by isoelectrofocusing in the amniotic fluid. Quantitative assay of alpha-1 antitrypsin gave results in the normal range. Umbilical vein blood analysis confirmed the antenatal findings. In this case it has been possible to rule out the disease before birth. In this context the clinical importance of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is stressed, its frequency in the European and North American population and the prognosis with phenotype Pi Z. PMID- 6967535 TI - [Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Causes, diagnosis, clinical aspects, therapy and prevention]. PMID- 6967534 TI - [Kinin and sympathetic-adrenal systems in rheumatism]. PMID- 6967536 TI - Tumor escape from immune elimination. PMID- 6967537 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis in children. AB - A major change has occurred in the incidence and management of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients of all ages. This review emphasizes the effectiveness of drug therapy and the declining role of surgical management of pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Surgical intervention was necessary in only two of 140 children (1.4%) with proved tuberculosis, one for a large tuberculoma and the other for refractory involvement of the chest wall. The remaining 138 children were treated successfully with anti-tuberculous drugs. Pulmonary tuberculosis in children is primarily a medical disease and only rarely is surgical intervention indicated. PMID- 6967538 TI - Surgical therapy for left main coronary artery disease. AB - The course of a consecutive series of 271 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass for left main coronary artery obstruction (greater than or equal to 50% luminal diameter stenosis) between January, 1971, and December, 1976, at the Mid America Heart Institute is reported. There were four (1.5%) operative deaths. All patients have been followed until their death or for 2 to 5 years with a mean follow-up of 3.8 years. There has been an incidence of acute myocardial infarction of 2.2 per 100 patient-years of follow-up, and four patients (1.5%) have required a second coronary artery bypass procedure. There have been 19 late deaths. Death was more frequent in women and in patients who had fewer than three bypasses performed. Actuarial survival at 5 years for the entire group was 88.8%. The expected survival rate of a general population matched for age and sex at 5 years is 88.4%. It is concluded that coronary artery bypass for left main coronary artery disease favorably affects longevity. PMID- 6967539 TI - Myocardial preservation: a comparison of local hypothermia with and without cold cardioplegia. PMID- 6967541 TI - [Starting point in primary nursing - improvement of the POS. 1]. PMID- 6967540 TI - [Evaluation of the nursing capacity and reassignment]. PMID- 6967542 TI - Cell mediated immunity and suppressor T cell function in children with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6967543 TI - Assessing the problem-oriented approach to care delivery. AB - It is evident that there is wide difference of opinion about the utility of the problem-oriented approach to health care delivery. Review of the literature on the subject suggests that ongoing debate over the merits of the approach has been fueled by incomplete information about important elements of the problem-oriented philosophy. This essay discusses the arguments for and against the approach, attempts to explain how misunderstandings have limited previous efforts to assess the manual problem-oriented record, and suggests implications for the study of both manual and computerized applications of the problem-oriented approach to care delivery. PMID- 6967544 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage caused by cecal angiodysplasia in elderly patients (apropos of 3 cases)]. PMID- 6967545 TI - [Aortic regurgitation and aortic stenosis associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. Report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - A 67-year-old woman with a double atherosclerotic aortic valvulopathy and rheumatoid arthritis presented recurrent episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding. Selective arteriography of the superior mesenteric artery demonstrated the existence of vascular malformations with extravasation of the contrast. The physiopathology of this lesion is unknown, but its incidence in adulthood suggests a degenerative process. A selective angiogram of the superior mesenteric artery is mandatory in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding and double aortic valvulopathy in order to establish the etiological diagnosis of the hemorrhage. PMID- 6967546 TI - Oval and round window changes in otitis media. Potential pathways between middle and inner ear. AB - A longitudinal sequential study of oval and round window changes in otitis media in an experimental animal (cat) using Eustachian tube obstruction was done. Thirty-two animals were used. In this first sequential study of the oval and round windows in otitis media, the continuum of round window membrane changes from 1 day to 6 months after obstruction revealed changes to be gradual and similar to those of the mucoperiostium. These changes are suitable for changes in permeability and suggest that this membrane is a very likely pathway from the middle to the inner ear. Bony fistulas were not observed and the oval window remained essentially unchanged in time, thus they were not considered routes into the inner ear. Other possible routes are discussed. PMID- 6967549 TI - [Identification of T and B lymphocytes from human peripheral blood by the rosette techniques (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967547 TI - Otosclerosis and vestibular dysfunction. AB - Vestibular dysfunction associated with otosclerosis has been observed for many years. In a recent clinical study of patients exhibiting progressive sensorineural hearing loss of unknown origin, it was demonstrated that approximately 50% of the cases had cochlear otosclerosis/otospongiosis as the most probable cause for the hypacusis. Of these, approximatley 55% had vestibular symptoms. In the present study, the effect of sodium fluoride therapy in this group of patients is analyzed. It will be demonstrated that such therapy is beneficial not only in controlling the progressive sensorineural hearing loss but also the symptoms of vestibular dysfunction in patients with cochlear otosclerosis (otospongiosis). PMID- 6967548 TI - Traumatic perilymph fistula. PMID- 6967552 TI - [Content of lymphocytes and their subpopulations during the combined treatment of rectal cancer]. PMID- 6967550 TI - [Basi-ponto-cerebellar epidermoid cyst with atypical symptomatology]. PMID- 6967551 TI - 24R,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are both indispensable for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. PMID- 6967554 TI - [Surgical treatment of portal hypertension in schistosomiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967555 TI - [Tuberculosis in children--a cyclic infectious disease]. PMID- 6967553 TI - [Use of longitudinal galvanization]. PMID- 6967557 TI - A model for colour vision defect. AB - The Unique Green phenomenon whereby the wavelengths of light which are judged neither blue-green nor yellow-green show a distinct genetic polymorph. Amongst the males there is a clear bimodality whereas there is a near normal distribution amongst the females. The classification of the types of person so produced breeds true apparently in the X-chromosome. This phenomenon now having been confirmed is impossible to fit into the strict Walraven model of colour vision without modification. The modification that would be used is discussed and it is shown that a number of other difficulties within the Walraven model model can also be resolved. PMID- 6967556 TI - [Dental surgery and problems of hemostasis]. PMID- 6967558 TI - Isotope angiocardiography of the left ventricle. AB - Radionuclide imaging of the left ventricle is a recent innovative procedure requiring a gamma-camera interfaced to a computer. It has the advantages of being non-invasive and of allowing studies at rest and exercise. Left ventricular function may be assessed by viewing the images as an endless loop cine-display, or by quantitating the over-all and segmental functions. Validation studies comparing the technique with standard contrast angiograms have confirmed its reliability. Clinical studies have been undertaken in normal volunteers, and in patients. The technique will have increasing application in assessing the aetiology of chest pain, in selection of patients for cardiac surgery, and in determining the effects of interventions, such as drug therapy or coronary artery bypass surgery, on ventricular performance. PMID- 6967559 TI - Comparative study of biological activities and mitogenic effect of extracts from Haemophilus influenzae type a. AB - Two preparations designated as PWE and NCE were obtained from H, influenzae type a by treatment with either phenol water or hypertonic NaCl citrate respectively. The protein content of NCE was three fold higher than for PWE. Electroimmunodiffusion against H. influenzae antiserum disclosed an immunological relationship between NCE and PWE. The toxicity for mice was lower for both antigenic extracts (LD50 PWE: 47 +/- 7 mg/kg; LD50 NCE: 943 +/- 5 mg/kg) than for E. coli LPS. Limulus assay showed that both H. influenzae extracts had a weaker potency (100 to 1000 times less) than E. coli LPS. Sanarelli and Shwartzman reactions failed for PWE and NCE. The blast transformation of DBA/2 and nude mouse spleen cells were strikingly different for the three preparations: PWE, NCE, and E. coli LPS. Neither extract from H. influenzae cells showed the biological properties of a classical endotoxin. We suggest that they are endotoxin-like substances. PMID- 6967560 TI - Fungi associated with human corneal ulcers. PMID- 6967561 TI - More on aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6967562 TI - Anaerobic bacteria in nonspecific vaginitis. AB - To study the cause of nonspecific vaginitis, we analyzed vaginal fluid from normal women and from 53 women with nonspecific vaginitis, using quantitative anaerobic cultures and gas-liquid chromatography for short-chained organic-acid metabolites of the microbial flora. In normal vaginal fluid, lactate was the predominant acid, and the predominant organisms were lactobacillus and streptococcus species (lactate producers). In nonspecific vaginitis, lactate was decreased, whereas succinate, acetate, butyrate, and propionate were increased, the predominant flora included Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis (acetate producer), and anaerobes, which included bacteroides species (succinate producers) and peptococcus species (butyrate and acetate producers). After metronidazole therapy, symptoms and signs of nonspecific vaginitis cleared, butyrate and propionate disappeared, and lactate and lactate-producing organisms became predominant. We conclude that certain anaerobes act with G. vaginalis as causes of nonspecific vaginitis, and that a high ratio of succinate to lactate in vaginal fluid is a useful indicator in the diagnosis of this condition. PMID- 6967563 TI - The origin and diagnosis of "nonspecific vaginitis". PMID- 6967564 TI - Is self tolerance H-2 restricted? AB - An individual's immune system must be capable of responding to a wide variety of antigens, but must not react against tissues of the individual itself. The specificity of this 'self tolerance' is determined early in life and recent work has dealt with the mechanisms by which self tolerance is maintained. We report here a study designed to determine whether products of the major histocompatibility complex are involved in the induction of self tolerance; in particular, whether the induction of self tolerance in the mouse is H-2 restricted. H-2 restriction refers to the finding that mouse T cells generally recognize foreign antigens only when presented in association with the products of H-2 alleles. We questioned whether T-cell precursors are made tolerant directly by antigen alone, or whether the antigen must be associated in the cell membrane with an appropriate H-2 molecule. We find that T-cell tolerance to 'self' membrane components does not seem to be H-2 restricted and discuss the possibility that this apparent lack of H-2 restriction is due to antigen processing. PMID- 6967565 TI - Loss of immune competence with age may be due to auto-anti-idiotypic antibody regulation. PMID- 6967567 TI - Natural killer cells. PMID- 6967566 TI - Phenotypic changes of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated hairy cells. AB - Hairy cell leukaemia (leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis) appears to be a homogeneous and well defined disease on the basis of clinical presentation, light and electron microscopic features and cytochemical characteristics, but the study of immunological markers of hairy cells (HC) from many patients reveals apparent heterogeneity. The most common phenotype associates B-cell and monocytic properties: HC usually express monoclonal surface (and in certain cases cytoplasmic) immunoglobulins, receptors for IgM and IgG Fc, and mouse erythrocytes, and la-like antigens. Additionally, they are capable of phagocytosis, glass adherence, lysozyme and peroxidase synthesis. However, most of these features are not constant and cases have been reported in which HC fail to express one or more of these properties. In certain cases HC even display a T cell phenotype, while, in others, features of both T and B cells are expressed. Moreover, in two recently studied patients, the phenotype of HC in the blood differed from that in the spleen (B + T in the blood and B in the spleen). These surprising discrepancies led us to hypothesize that HC from the same individual might be able to express different phenotypes following an appropriate stimulus. We therefore studied immunological parameters of HC stimulated by mitogens and the results indeed showed that after stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) the cells switched from B to T or B + T phenotypes. PMID- 6967568 TI - 'Activation-labile' glucocorticoid-receptor complexes of a steroid-resistant variant of CEM-C7 human lymphoid cells. AB - For cytoplasmic glucocorticoid-receptor complexes to enter and accumulate in the nucleus a temperature-dependent event, 'activation' is required. Activation can be achieved in vitro by increased ionic strength, dilution or gel filtration and is manifested by an increased affinity of steroid-receptor complex for DNA and an altered elution profile from ion-exchange resins. Munck and Foley have shown that activated complexes isolated from thymocytes elute from DEAE-cellulose in a manner identical to complexes activated in vitro. We report here that DEAE cellulose chromatography of steroid-receptor complexes from CEM-C7, a cloned human leukaemic T-cell line sensitive to the cytolytic action of glucocorticoids, and its steroid-resistant subclone 4R4 demonstrated that steroid receptors of clone 4R4 cannot form stable activated complexes. This defines a new defect in receptor action, activation lability (r+act1), which is unlike either the r-, r+nt-, or r+nti phenotypes previously described for mouse lymphoid variants. PMID- 6967569 TI - Tensorial approach to the geometry of brain function: cerebellar coordination via a metric tensor. PMID- 6967570 TI - Longitudinal extent of dorsal root fibres in the spinal cord and brain stem of the frog. PMID- 6967571 TI - [Rarefying osteopathy in rheumatology. Methods of evaluation and comparison of urinary hydroxyproline and serum proline iminopeptidase]. AB - Serum proline iminopeptidase and (where possible) urinary hydroxyproline were determined in 214 subjects: normal subjects, subjects with chronic kidney disease, subjects with chronic liver disease, subjects with osteitis deformans, subjects with rheumatoid arthritis, and subjects with osteoporosis. The values of the two parameters fully corresponded. It is suggested, therefore, that proline iminopeptidase can be determined instead of hydroxyproline in cases where a primarily destructive bone disease in present. PMID- 6967572 TI - Syphilitic arteritis; involving proximal coronary arteries. PMID- 6967574 TI - Organization of medical care in obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 6967575 TI - Interaction of vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus in patients with peripheral vestibular and central nervous disorders. AB - In 66 patients showing different lesions of the vestibular and central nervous system, the influences of spontaneous and experimentally (rotation) induced vestibular nystagmus on optokinetic nystagmus were investigated. Considering the large interindividual differences in the results of vestibulo-visual interaction, the actual values of nystagmus slow phase velocity obtained by means of a combined vestibular and visual stimulation are only of limited diagnostic value in a single case. But by averaging the results obtained from various nosologic groups of patients very different but distinct patterns of vestibulo-visual interaction can be demonstrated. This observation allows some speculation on the mechanism of how nystagmus might be generated as a common output of the vestibular and the visual system. PMID- 6967573 TI - Legionnaires' disease in a patient with polymyositis. AB - A 29 year old woman with polymyositis treated with azathioprine presented with pneumonia. Rising serum antibody titres have confirmed a diagnosis of legionnaires' disease. Infection with Legionella pneumophila must now be considered in New Zealand when patients present with pneumonia and severe pyrexia, especially if they show known risk factors. PMID- 6967576 TI - Studies on lymphoid cells of adenoid tissue in relation to clinical findings. AB - Adenoid tissue was obtained at operation in 27 children admitted for adenoidectomy and in 6 controls. The occurrence of cells with cytoplasmic immunoglobulin was studied by immunofluorescence of tissue sections, and localization, number of cells and class of immunoglobulin were determined. No differences were found between patients and controls. Mononuclear leucocytes isolated from adenoid tissue and from blood were compared. In the patients, the proportions of B lymphocytes were higher in the tissue than in the blood, in particular IgG-, IgM- and IgD-carrying cells. Stimulation in vitro with polyclonal activators induced less thymidine incorporation in adenoid cells than in blood cells. Stimulation with heat-killed Haemophilus influenzae induced a high response inadenoid cells from 7/20 patients with negative nasopharyngeal culture for H. influenzae, whereas all 7 patients who harboured H. influenzae in the nasopharynx were low responders. PMID- 6967578 TI - [Removal of accompanying yeast fungi from cultures of trichomonad strains (Polymastigina)]. AB - For purifying the cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis and T. hominis from associating yeasts we inoculated them into the upper layer of a viscous medium containing 0.1% agar (Teras, 1955; Tompel, Teras, 1976) poured into a burette. On the 2nd or 3rd day after inoculating the first drops obtained from the lower end of the burette contained as a rule only trichomonads. For purifying the cultures of T. tenax from associating yeasts we prepared a special semisolid medium from the liquid egg medium (Wantland e. a., 1963) by adding agar (0.5%), levorine (50- 600 units/1 ccm) and some pieces of solid egg medium (Hallmann, 1953). The curve of an U-tube was filled with this medium and into both branches pure liquid egg medium was poured. In a few days after inoculating the culture of T. tenax with yeasts into one branch of the tube we obtained from the other branch of the tube trichomonads without yeasts. PMID- 6967577 TI - Temporal bone histopathologic findings in congenital anomalies of the oval window. AB - The histopathologic findings in five temporal bones from three cases showing various stages of oval window development arrest are presented. The anomalies ranged from complete absence of the oval window to congenital cartilaginous fixation of the stapedial footplate. Surgical approaches fro establishment of a new oval window must take into consideration the frequent association of facial nerve anomalies with anomalies of the oval window. PMID- 6967579 TI - [State of the B-immunity system in children and adolescents with a specific lung lesion]. PMID- 6967580 TI - Comparison of rifampin and ampicillin in day care center contacts of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. AB - A prospective, randomized, crossover trial was conducted comparing therapy with rifampin to therapy with ampicillin in eradicating Haemophilus influenzae type b carriage. Twenty-eight carriers were identified in a day care center following exposure to a patient with H influenzae type b meningitis; 26 children were randomly assigned to treatment with either ampicillin (100 mg/kg for five days) or rifampin (20 mg/kg for four days). Cultures were repeated two and four days after discontinuing therapy. In the initial trial, 6/17 children (35%) remained culture positive after treatment with ampicillin compared to 0/9 children treated with rifampin (P = .106). The six children who were ampicillin treatment failures had H influenzae type b isolates sensitive to that drug. These children were subsequently treated with rifampin and their cultures became negative. (For both trials, P = .027). Repeat cultures 30 days after therapy in 20 treated children revealed one culture positive for H influenzae type b. No further cases developed in the day care center (four months of follow-up). These data suggest that rifampin may be more effective than ampicillin in chemoprophylaxis of contacts of H influenzae type b disease. PMID- 6967581 TI - Household spread of infection due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 6967582 TI - A comparison of three antibiotic regimens for eradication of Haemophilus influenzae type b from the pharynx of infants and children. PMID- 6967584 TI - Vincristine poisoning. PMID- 6967585 TI - Erythromycin for pneumonia--a troublesome recommendation. PMID- 6967583 TI - Meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b resistant to both ampicillin and chloramphenicol. AB - A strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b with considerable resistant to both ampicillin and chloramphenicol was recovered from a South Dakota child with meningitis. There was an initial lack of response to conventional doses but the child improved after a brief period of 200 mg/kg/day of chloramphenicol. The organism showed in vitro resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol (for each antibiotic the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 8 micrograms/ml or greater with a bacterial challenge of 10(5) colony forming units (CFU)/ml), but it was sensitive to both streptomycin and rifampin (MIC 1.6 micrograms/ml, respectively). Isobolograms constructed from the results of testing various concentrations of ampicillin and chloramphenicol showed additive effects with high bacterial inocula (10(5) or 10(7) CFU/ml), but antagonism with low inocula (10(2) or 10(4) CFU/ml). PMID- 6967586 TI - Pharmacokinetics of rifampin in infants and children: relevance to prophylaxis against Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. AB - Pharmacokinetic studies of rifampin were performed in 38 infants and children after administration of three different oral formulations. Mean peak serum concentrations of from 9 to 11.5 microgram/ml were observed one hour after a 10 mg/kg dose and the average half-life was 2.9 hours. Patients who received rifampin suspension in applesauce had smaller serum concentrations and area-under the-curve values than did those who were given suspension alone. The mixture of rifampin powder and applesauce resulted in more variable serum levels. The concentrations of drug in tears from 18 subjects were similar to those in serum. All but one of 118 saliva specimens obtained from two to eight hours after the 10 mg/kg dose had antimicrobial activity. Of samples taken at two hours, 95% contained rifampin levels that exceeded the minimal bacterial concentration for 15 Haemophilus influenzae type b strains. Bactericidal activity against Haemophilus correlated with salivary rifampin concentrations and was detectable in virtually all specimens containing greater than or equal to 0.8 microgram/ml. These data provide the pharmacokinetic basis for rifampin prophylaxis of close contacts of H influenza type b disease, but are insufficient alone to recommend routine usage of rifampin for this purpose until results of additional epidemiologic studies are available. PMID- 6967589 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis: occurrence in three siblings over a two year period. AB - Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis occurred in all three siblings in one family over a 24-month period. Investigations of the organisms involved and immunologic studies of the family revealed low percentages of E-rosette-forming cells (T-cells) in both surviving children and in the father. This report suggests that host susceptibility to H influenzae is genetically controlled and that T-cell functions, as yet undetermined, may be involved. PMID- 6967590 TI - [State of the T and B immunity systems in diabetes mellitus in children]. PMID- 6967588 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in young immunocompetent infants. AB - Of 67 infants enrolled in a prospective study of infant pneumonia ten (14%) had evidence of Pneumocystis carinii infection. Diagnosis was achieved by demonstrating circulating P carinii antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in all ten cases and by histopathology in the only infant who underwent an open lung biopsy. Antigenemia did not occur in 64 control infants (P = .003), nor in 57 patients of similar age who were hospitalized with pneumonitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis, respiratory syncytial virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and influenza A and influenza B viruses. None of the ten infants with P carinii pneumonitis had evidence of a primary immunodeficiency nor had any received immunosuppressive medication. These patients were hospitalized at a mean age of 6 weeks (range 2 to 12) and their illness was characterized by its afebrile course, presentation in crisis with severe respiratory distress, apnea, tachypnea, cough, increased IgM, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with hyperaeration. The clinical features of P carinii pneumonitis were indistinguishable from those of C trachomatis and cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Treatment with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was associated wtih rapid disappearance of circulating antigens; however, the small number of patients studied did not permit an analysis of its clinical efficacy. These results indicate that P carinii singly or in combination with other infectious agents may be an important cause of pneumonitis in young, immunocompetent infants with no underlying illnesses. PMID- 6967591 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulation count in the blood of newborn infants with a staphylococcal infection]. PMID- 6967587 TI - Efficacy of rifampin in eliminating pharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Household contacts less than 6 years of age of children with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis are at increased risk of developing systemic H influenzae type b disease. Positive oropharyngeal cultures for H influenzae type b were found in 17/97 patients (18%) and 7/62 staff members (11%) at a chronic area facility at which two patients had developed ampicillin-resistant H influenzae type b meningitis. H influenzae type b colonization was eliminated in 8/9 carriers treated with a single daily oral dose of rifampin, 20 mg/kg/day (maximum 600 mg) for four days; colonization persisted in 9/10 control subjects (Fisher's exact test P < .001; corrected chi 2 P < .005). After treatment of additional H influenzae type b-positive individuals and the remaining control subjects, rifampin was found to have eradicated H influenzae type b in a total of 24/25 carriers (96%). All isolates of H influenzae type b were sensitive to rifampin at either 0.5 or 1.0 microgram/ml. Rifampin is effective in eliminating the H influenzae type b carrier state and may be useful in preventing associated H influenzae type b disease in close contacts of children with H influenzae type be meningitis. PMID- 6967593 TI - [Experience in using punched cards for the dispensary care of children with endocrine system pathology]. PMID- 6967592 TI - [Characteristics of the immunomorphological reactions of newborn and young infants infected with Staphylococcus]. PMID- 6967594 TI - Comparison of vestibular stimulation effects on classroom behavior of two hyperactive children with different hyperactive characteristics. PMID- 6967595 TI - [New clinical aspects of HLA tissue typing]. PMID- 6967597 TI - Liver diseases: a better outlook. PMID- 6967596 TI - [Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. Criteria of letality (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study of severity symptoms in a series of 102 patients operated upon for acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis showed that the risk of death was much significantly higher when shock (p less than 0,00001) and renal failure (p less than 0,0001) were present. The association, during the post-operative period, of shock and renal failure with one of the following symptoms: digestive haemorrhage, psychic disorders, pulmonary oedema, post-operative peritonitis and evisceration invariably proved fatal. It is suggested that controlled therapeutic trials should be carried out in patients presenting with these complications. PMID- 6967598 TI - [Bleeding recurrent gastric neurilemmoma]. PMID- 6967599 TI - [Various indicators of the B-system of immunity in endemic goiter]. AB - Blood serum immunoglobulins (Ig) and the circulating antibodies against thyroglobulin, which are known to characterize the state of the immunity B system, were investigated in 167 patients with endemic goiter and in 80 healthy persons. A significant elevation in the IgM, IgG, and antithyroglobulin antibody levels was observed in patients with hyperthyroid goiter. An increase in the antibody titre to thyroglobulin and in the IgG level was found in euthyroid goiter cases. The extent of functional activity of the thyroid gland and the presence of ophthalmopathy influenced the incidence and the level of the serum Ig elevation and of the antithyroglobulin antibodies increase. PMID- 6967600 TI - [Cytological characteristics of the thymocytes in early human ontogenesis]. PMID- 6967601 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the thymocytes during human embryo- and fetogenesis]. PMID- 6967602 TI - [Stable phagocytosis defect of the circulating monocytes in children with generalized forms of histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6967603 TI - [T-lymphocyte content in the blood in nephrotuberculosis under antibactertial and immunostimulation therapy]. PMID- 6967604 TI - Effect of indoles, AVT, oxytocin, and AVP on prolactin secretion in rat pituitary clonal (2B8) cells. PMID- 6967605 TI - Anticonvulsant effects of acute and chronic phenytoin treatment in Rana pipiens. PMID- 6967606 TI - Effect of periaqueductal gray matter stimulation on characterized nucleus gigantocellularis neurones in the rat. PMID- 6967607 TI - Antagonism of procaine conduction block by adenosine 5' triphosphate in vitro. PMID- 6967608 TI - Effect of the serotonergic system on the caudate nucleus. AB - Effects of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), an active precursor of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus were observed on the activity of the caudate nucleus in cats with electroencephalographic and evoked potential studies. In an electroencephalographic study, thecaudate spindle and the VA spindle, recorded in the cerebral cortex and induced by electrical stimulation of the caudate nucleus and the anterior ventral nucleus, respectively, were inhibited by L-5HTP. The inhibitory effect of L-5HTP on the caudate spindle was stronger than that on the VA spindle. These inhibitory effects of L-5HTP were observed when L-5HTP showed synchronization on spontaneous EEG and no effect on the duration of the cortical after discharge. In the evoked potential study, both electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus and exogenous L-5HTP inhibited the activity of the potentials in the caudate nucleus induced by electrical stimulation of the radial nerve. These results suggest that the neuronal activity of the caudate nucleus is inhibited by the serotonergic system. PMID- 6967609 TI - A spectral unfolding method to determine source depth distribution. AB - The depth distribution in tissue of a gamma-emitting isotope can be estimated by observing the energy spectrum of photons emerging from the body. Monte Carlo methods were used to compute surface energy spectra for 99Tcm point sources at various depths. From these noise-free results a discrete response matrix was constructed to relate the input source depth to the corresponding output spectrum. Observed spectra with noise were then simulated independently by Monte Carlo calculations assuming various measurement times and source strengths. The source distribution was determined by solving the discrete inverse unfolding problem by the Method of Regularisation. The effective depth resolution is seen to depend strongly upon measurement time. The results show that limited depth resolution can be obtained from a single view of the object region. PMID- 6967610 TI - Nociceptive modulation in rats by chemical stimulation of caudate, septum and medial forebrain bundle. PMID- 6967612 TI - Actions of a calium antagonist, the D-600, on electrical and mechanical properties of frog skeletal muscle. PMID- 6967611 TI - Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of beta-sitosterol. PMID- 6967613 TI - [Mechanisms of the disturbance in T-lymphocyte migration in irradiated mice]. PMID- 6967614 TI - Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage of small-bowel origin. AB - Of 305 patients with acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, the site was found to be the small bowel in 16. In all cases the cause was proved at surgery or autopsy: diagnoses included vascular malformation, aorto-enteric fistula, primary or metastatic tumor, ulcer, tuberculous ileitis, and sarcoidosis. While it is uncommon for acute GI bleeding to originate in the small bowel, approximately one third of the patients with acute rectal bleeding in this series had a bleeding site in the small bowel. PMID- 6967616 TI - In vitro synthesis of prostaglandins and related lipids by populations of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - This report focuses on the identification of the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that do or do not produce prostaglandins (PGs) and related arachidonic acid metabolites. Our results, using two different assay systems, indicate that the monocyte/macrophage (Mphi) is the major and possibly sole source of thromboxane (TXB2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) among peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Adherent peripheral blood monocytes (> 95% esterase positive) produced substantial amounts of these compounds. Quantitation of products which had incorporated exogenous 14C-arachidonic acid and radioimmunoassay of adherent cell culture fluids demonstrated that the amount of TXB2 produced by these cells was appreciably greater than the amount of PGE2 produced. Additional confirmation of TXB2 synthesis was shown by abolishing the TXB2 peak on TLC and TXB2 activity detected by RIA by treating cells with a specific inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase. In contrast, non-adherent T cells failed to synthesize either PGE2 or TXB2. Non-adherent B cells (95% Ig positive) incubated with 14C-arachidonic acid produced a small peak of radioactivity co-chromatographing with TXB2, and no PGE. All three cell populations incorporated similar amounts of 14C-arachidonic acid into hydroxy-fatty acids. We were unable to detect 6-keto-F1 alpha, the hydrolysis product of prostacyclin (PGI2) in any of the cell types tested. The absence of PG synthesis among normal peripheral blood T and B cells was also noted among established human lymphoid cell lines. Neither a human T (CCRF), nor a human B-cell line (GM-130), produced PGE2 or TXB2. Three murine macrophage cell lines, P388D1, J774.2, and WEHI-3 produced PGE2 and the latter TXB2 as well. PMID- 6967615 TI - Transcatheter gelfoam embolization in abdominal, retroperitoneal, and pelvic hemorrhage. AB - Clinical experience with Gelfoam embolization for arterial hemorrhage in 55 patients is described. This technique controlled hemorrhage in 51 patients (92.7%). Two patients (3.6%) died of complications related to embolization. Gelfoam can be a permanent occluding agent which does not require subselective catheter position for effectiveness and safety. The advantages of Gelfoam are its availability, low cost, the ease and speed with which it can be applied through conventional catheters, and its safety and effectiveness if properly applied. The data presented here, and those in the literature, indicate that transcatheter therapeutic embolization for arterial bleeding below the diaphragm is by far the safest and most effective method available. PMID- 6967617 TI - [Effect of corticosteroids on the E, EA and EAc rosette forming capacity by the peripheral blood lymphocytes in chromium-induced eczema]. PMID- 6967620 TI - [Treatment of patients at risk of hemorrhage with the aid of fibrin adhesion]. AB - 341 cases of surgery on patients with difficulties in hemostasis are reported. Therapy was the use of fibrine fixation technique, a simple and riskless method. Tooth extractions and other surgical interventions oin anticoagulated patients may be performed without interruption of the anticoagulant therapy, also patients with hemorrhages and other complications need not be expected, if the material is properly handled. PMID- 6967618 TI - [Acoustic neuroma and tuberous sclerosis. Familial inquiry (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967619 TI - [Haematoma of the cerebellopontine angle complicating a septic thrombophlebitis of the face (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967621 TI - [Legal responsibility of the dentist in life-threatening incidents]. AB - Emergencies in the dental office or outside of it are not infrequent. Hemmorrhages, cardiopulmonal failure and the syndrome of lack of breath constitute life endangering emergencies. The dentist must be able to cope with them by adequate prophylactic and therapeutic measures which must be learned by contuous education. Also, certain basic materials must be available immediately in the office. If and when such an emergency occurs, patient and family of the patient must be told the complete story. In case of death, the police must be called even if the dentist is convinced of his innocence. In order to be covered against liability claims, an insurance is mandatory. Such insurance covers the dentist not only against justified claims but also against unjustified ones. PMID- 6967622 TI - Ferritin synthesis by human T lymphocytes. AB - Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of normal humans, unselected spleen cells from patients with Hodgkin's disease, and selected T and non-T lymphoid cells from normal peripheral blood and from the spleens of Hodgkin's disease patients were examined for de novo synthesis and secretion of ferritin. After precipitation of labeled lysates and supernatants from unseparated and selected T cells with antiserum to human liver ferritin, two bands were visible on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylimide gel analysis. The two bands were detected in molecular weight regions 19,000 and 21,000, which are thought to represent the L and H subunits of the ferritin molecule, respectively. The slower band (subunit H) was more radioactive than the faster band (subunit L). The H subunit is found in greater amounts in the serum of some tumor patients, but its cellular origin has not been established. The present findings indicate that cells of the immune system contribute to the synthesis and secretion of a ferritin molecule with a high proportion of H subunits. PMID- 6967623 TI - Clinical use of cimetidine in acute renal failure after resection of abdominal aneurysms. AB - Gastrointestinal bleeding and infection are leading causes of mortality in patients with acute renal failure. Cimetidine, an H2 blocker, has been reported to be useful in the treatment of duodenal ulceration in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Sequential organ failure is common in patients who have had resection of dissecting abdominal aneurysms. Because acute renal failure is included in the definition of sequential organ failure, we attempted to determine whether cimetidine could significantly reduce gastrointestinal bleeding in our series of patients who had acute renal failure after resection of dissecting abdominal aneurysms. PMID- 6967624 TI - Prevalence of drug-induced immunologic changes in hypertensive Jamaicans. AB - Of 137 hypertensive black Jamaicans who took methyldopa for a mean period of 36 months, a positive ANA was found in 1.5% and a positive direct Coombs' test in 0.7%. In 36 patients in whom hydralazine was included in the therapeutic regimen, a positive ANA was seen in only 6%. These results suggest that in black populations, immunologic abnormalities induced by antihypertensive drugs are less common than has been reported in white patients. PMID- 6967625 TI - Identification of the patient with left main coronary artery stenosis. PMID- 6967626 TI - [Massive hemorrhage from the rectum of aneurysmal origin]. PMID- 6967627 TI - Haemophilus influenzae lobar pneumonia with underlying multiple myeloma: a case report. AB - Haemophilus influenzae is an uncommon but important cause of lobar pneumonia, specifically in patients whose host defence mechanisms are impaired by unrecognized underlying diseases. A case of H. influenzae lobar pneumonia in a patient with underlying multiple myeloma is presented. The clinical features, treatment and procedures which aid in making the diagnosis are briefly discussed. PMID- 6967628 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in Johannesburg. AB - Surveys carried out using a chromogenic cephalosporin test for beta-lactamase production (ampicillin resistance) among isolates of Haemophilus influenzae in Johannesburg have indicated an appreciable prevalence, especially among children seen at the new Johannesburg Hospital. Of type b strains recovered from these children, 10,9% were ampicillin-resistant. Three of the last 10 cases of serious systemic H. influenzae infections encountered at the Johannesburg Hospital were caused by beta-lactamase-producing strains, all of these having been acquired in the community rather than in hospital. These findings suggest that the optimal initial starting treatment for serious systemic or life-threatening H. influenzae infections should include chloramphenicol, either alone or at least in conbination with ampicillin or a similar compound. PMID- 6967629 TI - 'Idiopathic' venous thrombosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin excess. PMID- 6967630 TI - Percutaneous and open microsurgical techniques for relief of refractory tic douloureux. AB - In the younger patient with trigeminal neuralgia refractory to medical treatment, microsurgical operation is warranted. If a truly significant compressive artery is found in relation to the posterior root, microvascular decompression is carried out. If no convincing evidence of a compressive vascular lesion is found at operation, the posterior root is partially sectioned. Most patients with tic douloureux are elderly and in these, and in all patients who prefer a minor procedure, I favor the simple low morbidity percutaneous radiofrequency technique. In these days of informed consent, patients should preoperatively be made aware of the advantages of both kinds of operations and participate in choosing the procedure which best suits the individual's health and preferences. PMID- 6967631 TI - [Antiglobulins in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6967632 TI - [State and effectiveness of dispensarization of patients with rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6967633 TI - [Organization of the medical service to patients with rheumatic diseases in Poland]. PMID- 6967634 TI - [Joint lesions and antibodies to ribonucleoproteins in mixed connective tissue disease]. PMID- 6967635 TI - [Study of circulating immunoblasts in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6967637 TI - Electrophoretic aberrancy of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin in disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6967636 TI - Variant von Willebrand's disease. A study emphasizing crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - 30 members of an Illinois kindred were studied with a battery of haemostatic tests including the template bleeding time, platelet retention by glass beads (PRGB), measurement of activities related to factor VIII, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). 9 family members had a history of excessive bleeding, and all 9 had prolonged bleeding times and increased migration of their factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) on CIEP. Of the other tests performed, the VIII:Ristocetin Cofactor and the PRGB showed the best correlation with the bleeding time. 3 subjects who were not bleeders, but who came from a branch of the family where there were several affected members, also had an abnormal VIIIR:Ag. The pattern of inheritance of the altered VIIIR:Ag in this family was one of autosomal dominance with full penetrance. The CIEP is a valuable screening test for the detection of variant von Willebrand's disease and the recognition of silent heterozygotes. PMID- 6967638 TI - A trypsin method for coating human red blood cells with plasma C3 and/or C4. AB - Simple procedures are described for the production of human red blood cells coated with C3 and/or C4 by brief trypsin treatment of cell-plasma mixtures at room temperature. These cells ('EC3/4'-try) were unusual in that their agglutinability by anticomplement sera, as compared to sucrose-water RBC, was similar when tested by AutoAnalyzer but was markedly reduced in manual testing, especially against anti-C4. In spite of this, both 'EC34'-try and 'EC3'-try were found to be suitable indicator cells for determining the adequacy of anti-C3c and/or anti-C3d activities in reagents used for manual antiglobulin tests. PMID- 6967639 TI - Creation and properties of histocompatibility antigen-cell conjugates. II. Antibody tolerance after treatment with donor histocompatibility antigen chemically coupled to recipient spleen cells. AB - Histocompatibility (HC) antigens from Lewis (RT-11) and ACI (RT-1a) rats were solubilized and their tolerogenic potential alone or when conjugated to cellular carriers was investigated. The tolerogenic carrier potential of whole cells, crude membranes, and deoxycholate (DOC)-solubilized membranes was first determined by conjugating trinitrophenyl (TNP) groups to them and measuring their ability to prevent an anti-TNP plaque-forming cell response in rats after immunogenic challenge. Since whole lymphoid cells proved to be most effective in this system, DOC-solubilized allogeneic histocompatibility antigens were coupled to syngeneic lymphocytes, using carbodiimide cross-linking. Animals pretreated with this conjugate produced no alloantibody upon challenge with allogeneic cells. These results suggest that tolerance to allogeneic histocompatibility antigen can be produced by association of alloantigens on a tolerogenic self carrier. PMID- 6967640 TI - Separate clones of cytotoxic T lymphocytes are generated against private and public H-2 antigens. AB - By cytolysis and monolayer absorption tests, the kinetics of the generation of CBA/H cytotoxic lymphocytes (Tc) in response to stimulation by H-2b antigens have been analyzed in vitro. The Tc population which reacts with public antigens of H 2b and H-2d strains shows peak activity in culture at 4 to 5 days, then rapidly decreases. The population with cytotoxic activity against the private antigens of H-2b cells peaks later and persists longer. The antipublic cytolytic activity was shown to be specific and not attributable to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCMC), but was attributable to Ly1-, 2+ effector cells. By suitable conditions of absorption on C57BL/10 monolayers, the precursors of the antiprivate clone could be selectively removed without impairing the antipublic H 2d response. These and previous results present an argument that the cross reactivity which Tc display on different H-2 haplotypes is attributable to clones directed against shared determinants and is not attributable to low affinity binding of Tc activated by private H-2 antigens. PMID- 6967641 TI - [Ultrastructure of the ocular ciliary epithelium of the common frog]. AB - The ultrastructure of the adult frog ciliary epithelium cells has definite regional differences. Cells of ciliary epithelium folds near the iris display morphological features characterizing its barrier and secretory functions which lead to the formation of aqueous humor. These are junctional complexes with tight junctions (zonula occludents) in the apical parts of contacting sides of cells of the inner leaf: a great quantity of mitochondria, ribosomes and various vesicles, well developed endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm, much folded basal surface, gap junctions between cells of external and internal leaflets. In the mammalian inner epithelial layer different cell junctions are known to be arranged in a fixed spatial fashion. Unlike, in the frog's epithelium both zonula adherent and desmosomes may be found in any sequence. Tight junctions are formed during metamorphosis, on the place of focal junctions, whereas gap junctions, referred to earlier as "extended", start functioning between cells just on the very early stages of eye morphogenesis (Dabagyan et al., 1979). The epithelium of the posterior part of the ciliary fold and pars plana of the ciliary body have, in addition, the number of morphological sign indicating the cell involvement in the accomodational function of any eye (i. e. a majority of desmosomes binding all cells together and of zonulae adherentes, well developed intracellular skeleton of tonofilament bundles). These features are characteristic of the whole distal part of ciliary epithelium rather than of the place of attachment of zonula fiber only. PMID- 6967642 TI - [Kinetic study of neutrophil and macrophage cell reproduction and differentiation in the common frog at different seasons of the year]. AB - A supposed life-span of hemosiderin-containing macrophages in the frog spleen has been described on the basis of their morphology, changes in the number of nuclei, and results of autoradiographic studies of DNA synthesis in various seasons. The hibernating stages of the lines are hemocytoblasts, mononuclear and moderately polynuclear macrophages, which renew the phagocytosis and nuclear division at the beginning of spring. A new population of monomuclear macrophages develops from hemocytoblasts during spring. Large polynuclear forms appear during spring and summer, reach their maximal size and erythrophagocytotic activity towards the end of summer, and die in winter. The most part of the stored pigments is removed from the spleen. DNA synthesis and division occur asynchronously in the nuclei of one cell. Some pathologic forms of macrophages are described. The similarity in the proliferation cell kinetics of neutrophilic and macrophagal lines confirms a close relation between the two. The role of temperature and photoperiod in the regulations of proliferative activity of these cells during spring is discussed. PMID- 6967644 TI - [Central corneal thickness in dystrophic-degenerative corneal diseases]. PMID- 6967643 TI - [Mortality among patients with hemophilia in Denmark during the period 1949-78]. PMID- 6967645 TI - [Epidemiology of obesity among school children. I. Prevalence]. PMID- 6967646 TI - [Treatment of Meniere's disease by novocaine blocks of the stellate ganglion]. PMID- 6967647 TI - Encephalitis and meningitis. PMID- 6967648 TI - [Effect of the sequential use of hydroelectric baths and a submersion douch massage on the functional state of the body in athletes]. PMID- 6967649 TI - [Tumors of mucous glands of the skin in taillese amphibia]. PMID- 6967650 TI - [Functional state of the T-immunity system in rheumatism in children]. PMID- 6967651 TI - [Role of rheumatology centers in organizing present-day control of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6967653 TI - Positive direct antiglobulin test in normal individuals. AB - 65 normal, healthy people with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) have been identified in a population of blood donors over a period of 14 years. 32 of them have been recalled for detailed study. A strong positive correlation with increasing age was noted, comparable to that seen in hospital patients with a positive DAT. No feature known to cause a positive DAT was identified in the healthy individuals, only 1 of whom went on to develop autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 6967654 TI - [Main tendencies of mortality from tuberculosis among the urban population]. PMID- 6967652 TI - [T-cell activity in animals with an induced delayed allergy on a diet with a low protein content]. AB - The dogs fed protein deficient diet (0.7 g/kg body weight) demonstrated reduced functional activity of T lymphocytes. Particularly, this diet exerted an adverse effect on adequacy of the proliferative response of mononuclear cells in culture in vitro as well as on cytotoxicity of lymphocytes with respect to target cells. PMID- 6967656 TI - Pregnancy in women over the age of forty. PMID- 6967655 TI - [Dynamics of the "intensity-duration" curve in lumbosacral radiculitis]. PMID- 6967657 TI - [Involuntary in vivo evidence for penicillin resistance of Streptobacillus haemophilus ducrey]. PMID- 6967658 TI - [Effect of orotic acid, hypoxanthine and arginine hydrochloride on the development of a vaginal trichomonad culture]. PMID- 6967659 TI - [Studies on the metaboic effects of growth promoters, using nitrovin as model. 3. Effect of growth promoters on the intermediary metabolism as evidenced by the tadpole-test]. PMID- 6967660 TI - [Development of the adrenergic innervation of the atrioventricular valves of certain vertebrates]. AB - Adrenergic innervation of the atrioventricular valves in the carp Cyprinus carpo, frog Rana temporaria, tortoise Emys orbicularis, hens and albino rats has been investigated by histochemical glyoxylic technique. It was shown that the adrenergic innervation of cardiac valves becomes more intense and more complex during progressive evolution of cardio-vascular activity. Adrenergic nerves realize the connection between annullus fibrosus, valve, chordal tendineal and papillary muscles. Chromaffin cells of the valve serve as an additional store of catecholamines. A possibility cannot be excluded that these cells supply with biogenic amines the papillary muscles regulating their activity. PMID- 6967661 TI - [Opposite modulating effects of the hypothalamic region on cardiac reflexes of Gadus morhua cod and Rana temporaria frogs]. AB - The effects of hypothalamic stimulation on cardiac reflexes have been investigated in the cod Gadus morhua and frog Rana temporaria. Cardiac reflexes were elicited by electrical stimulation of the medullar vagal lobes in fishes and central end of cardiac vagal branch in frogs. During simultaneous or successive stimulation of the hypothalamic region and vagal structures, modulation of the reflexes was observed. Reflex bradycardia was either augmented or inhibited, indicating the corresponding pattern of hypothalamic influences. No correlation was found between the parameters of stimulation, reflex intensity, hypothalamic region and the pattern of modulating influences. The data obtained suggest the existence of opposite modulating influences of the hypotalamic region upon parasympathetic reflexes in the heart of fishes and frogs. PMID- 6967662 TI - [Protective and damaging action of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in experimental tick borne encephalitis]. AB - The methods of adoptive transfer in vivo and cytotoxic action on virus-infected tissue culture in vitro were used to prove that cytotoxic splenocytes produced in experimental tick-borne encephalitis could have both protective and damaging effects. The protective effect was manifested during the first 24 hours after infection, and the damaging effect on the 6th day after infection. Cytotoxicity splenocytes were identified as T lymphocytes on the basis of their sensitivity to anti-theta serum, resistance to the action of hydrocortisone and their inability to adhere to glass, as well as their pronounced specificity and their limited activity in the allogeneic system. PMID- 6967664 TI - [Sinoatrial node]. PMID- 6967663 TI - [Pathogenesis of secondary contractures of the mimetic muscles]. AB - The results of a clinical and experimental study of the pathogenesis of secondary contractures of mimical muscles are presented. By means of clinico electrophysiological studies 115 patients with postneuritic contractures are studied. A clinico-statistical analysis of 723 patients with facial nerve neuritis was conducted. For the first time it was possible to model the disease in 112 rabbits with an eventual complex study of the morphological basis and pathophysiological mechanisms of experimental contractures on all stages of its formation. As a result, some ways of accomplishing pathological reflectory influences on the affected nervous-muscular apparatus are defined on the part of the segmentary and suprasegementary structures of the brain stem. It was demonstrated that the direct reason of a disturbed functional state of these structures was an afferent desintegration, due to a crude lesion of the facial nerve and subsequently, it wrong regeneration with a change of the usual scheme of nervous-muscular relations. On the basis of obtained results a pathogenetic therapy of secondary contractures of mimical muscles with Tegretol was proposed and tried clinically. PMID- 6967666 TI - Mechanographic evaluation of left atrial activity in mitral valve prolapse. AB - Twenty-five patients suffering from mitral valve prolapse were studied to demonstrate any diagnostic modifications of the indirect (esophageal) left atrial pulse (ESO). Valvular prolapse is demostrated on the ESO by a sudden change in slope of the curve after the "x" point, in coincidence with a midsystolic click. Late systolic mitral insufficiency, when associated with prolapse is illustrated on the ESO tracing in two ways: a) an abnormally tall "v" wave; b) a late systolic plateau which begins immediately after the click and continues beyond the second heart sound. After the infusion of methoxamine or isometric exercise the ESO is usually of the a) conformation, while after the inhalation of amyl nitrite the tracing tends to be of the b) type. The "c" wave is at times altered but not always. This alteration is characterized by a greater amplitude and sharper peak. Based on the physiopathogenesis of the alterations of the ESO, it can be stated that they are specific, and sensitive enough to be both qualitative and quantitative. PMID- 6967665 TI - Exercise tolerance as evidence of quality of life in CAD patients after coronary artery bypass by comparison with medical treatment. AB - The effects of coronary artery bypass (CAB) by comparison with medical treatment were evaluated on exercise tolerance in 68 patients with stable angina on effort, who underwent coronary and left ventricular cineangiography. Stress tests were performed by bicycle ergometer before medical and surgical treatment, and 6 and 12 months thereafter. Thirty-five patients (31 males and 4 females; 7 with one 70% stenosed vessel, 12 with two, 16 with three) underwent CAB; 33 (30 males and 3 females; 9 with one 70% stenosed vessel, 11 with two, 13 with three), having refused CAB, only underwent medical treatment. Both groups were given long-acting oral nitrates, none received digitalis and/or propranolol; antiarrhythmic drugs were only administered in 5% of medical and 4% of surgical patients. Both groups at 6 and 12 months follow-up showed a significant improvement in exercise tolerance. Surgical patients showed a significant increase in exercise tolerance with lower angina incidence (from the preoperative 100% to 26% and 22%, respectively), higher work load (P < .001), and a significant reduction of S-T segment depression (P < .001). Medical treatment induced an increase of exercise tolerance; angina on effort decreased (from 100% to 74% and 72%, respectively) with higher work load, and a significant reduction of S T depression (in both cases P < .001). Comparing the data of the two groups, we observed that surgical patients showed higher exercise tolerance (P < .01), lower S-T depression (P < .001) and angina incidence. Our results suggest that surgical treatment is able to improve exercise tolerance more remarkably than medical treatment. PMID- 6967667 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of diltiazem in man. AB - Dilitazem, a coronary vasodilating agent, after oral administration of four different doses, was well and rapidly absorbed. The pharmacokinetics of the drug followed a two-compartment model, with a rapid distribution and an elimination with a half-life of 4-7 hours. After chronic treatment the pharmacokinetic parameters were practically unchanged and therefore no accumulation of the drug was observed. The comparison between capsule and tablet preparations showed that both forms had a similar bioavailability. Diltiazem was extensively metabilized and only a few percent of the drug was found in urine. Several metabolites, also present as conjugates, have been identified by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 6967668 TI - Prinzmetal's angina with Torsade de Pointes ventricular tachycardia. AB - Two cases of Prinzmetal's angina with Torsade de Pointes Ventricular Tachycardia are described. The patients had severe obstructive coronary disease and developed the arrhythmias while on large doses of conventional antiarrhythmic therapy. Each patient developed multiple episodes of Torsade de Pointes which had to be terminated with defibrillation or right ventricular endocardial pacing. Both patients underwent successful aortocoronary by-pass graft surgery. The possible relationship of prolonged repolarization by the antiarrhythmic therapy and coronary occlusion to the development of Torsade de Pointes is discussed. PMID- 6967669 TI - Internal mammary to pulmonary artery fistula associated with healed tuberculosis. AB - An internal mammary to pulmonary artery fistula was diagnosed in a patient with a continuous machinery-like murmur over the right upper chest wall 23 years after she was treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6967670 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the lymphocyte subpopulations of disaggregated mouse spleens. AB - The lymphocyte subpopulations of disaggregated spleens of adult C57Bl/6J mice were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy as well as by rosette formation. The results showed that most lymphocyte subpopulations are constituted of cells with relatively smooth surfaces. Rosette formation showed that the proportion of E rosettes, compatible with the presence of T cells, was of 25%, whereas that of erythrocyte antibody complement (EAC) rosettes, indicating B cells, was 9%. PMID- 6967671 TI - Statistical comparison in a controlled trial of elective induction of labor. PMID- 6967672 TI - On the significance of a low endothelial cell density in Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. A specular microscopic study. AB - In order to verify a low endothelial cell density is a primary event in Fuch's endothelial dystrophy, a specular microscopic examination was attempted in 20 patients with Fuchs' dystrophy. Most of these patients had previously undergone cataract extraction. In five patients only, was it possible in places to observe endothelial cellular outline to such an extent that the cell density could be estimated. The resulting estimates ranged from 715 to 2380 cells/mm2 and were not, as a group, found to be lower than in a control group of aphakic subjects. This finding is evidence against the view that Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy is a low cell density syndrome. PMID- 6967673 TI - A family with vitreo-tapeto-retino-choroidal degeneration with dominant transmission. AB - A family with vitreo-tapeto-retino-choroidal degeneration is presented. Five members of a sibship of nine and their mother are affected. Retinal changes in the form of macular degeneration and peripheral preretinal membranes are the most prominent features. Other manifestations are vitreous degeneration, optic atrophy, equatorial pigmentation, and complicated cataract. The heredity is probably autosomal dominant. Comparisons are made with the well-known hereditary vitreo-retinal degenerations, in particular with Wagner's disease. Above all, the extensive macular degeneration in two of the patients, involving the retina, the pigment epithelium, and the choriocapillaris, distinguishes the present disorder from the above-mentioned. PMID- 6967674 TI - Cornea and ultraviolet radiation. AB - The absorption of ultraviolet radiation in the cornea of rabbit, cat, guinea pig, and rat has been studied. It turned out that about 80% of incident radiation is absorbed at the 290 nm wavelength limit in rabbit and cat, whereas the absorption is considerably lower in guinea pig and rat. In a model experiment based on conditions in the rabbit cornea epithelium, it is shown that the ascorbic acid in these cells is roughly responsible for ultraviolet ray absorption of the same order as proteins and nucleic acids in the 250-290 nm spectral range. This implies that for radiation below 290 nm wavelength also the ascorbic acid should be regarded as a potential target substance which may mediate photophthalmic damage to the tissue. The low absorption of the ascorbic acid compared to the other two components above 290 nm, indicates that the ascorbic acid contributes less in photophthalmic development due to solar radiation. PMID- 6967675 TI - Neuroendocrine studies of major depressive disorder. PMID- 6967676 TI - Effects of chronic treatment with l-sulpiride and haloperidol on central monoaminergic mechanisms. AB - Chronic treatment with l-sulpiride (20 mg/kg, twice daily) and haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, twice daily) for 2 weeks produced behavioral signs of DA receptor supersensitivity in both the striatum and the nucleus accumbens-tuberculum olfactorium region. Thus, 48 hr after treatment apomorphine-induced locomotion, total activity, and rearing activity was significantly enhanced. These behavioral results were correlated with 10% increases in the number of binding sites for the DA agonist 3H-ADTN and the DA antagonist 3H-spiperone in striatum, but the latter sites appeared to be markedly increased in number in the subcortical limbic region. A marked loss of stereoselectivity was demonstrated in the 3H-ADTN binding site, a change that could also in part be involved in producing the signs of enhancement of DA effector mechanisms observed. A corresponding loss of stereoselectivity was not observed in the 3H-spiperone binding site to which, instead, the (+)-butaclamol had an increased affinity. Haloperidol, but not l sulpiride, in the doses used produced a further enhancement of degeneration induced supersensitivity at DA receptor sites. PMID- 6967677 TI - Myelopoietic modulation by lithum: in vitro experiments on its mechanisms of action in man. PMID- 6967678 TI - Oral lithium carbonate increases colony stimulating activity production from human mononuclear cells. PMID- 6967679 TI - Lithium effects on granulopoiesis in mice following cytotoxic chemotherapy. PMID- 6967680 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of lithium on granulopoiesis in human neutropenic disorders. AB - Studies have been cazrried out to determine the in vivo and in vitro effects of lithium carbonate in various neutropenic disorders. Addition of lithium to culture of bone marrow from patients with a variety of neutropenic disorders and ANLL in which normal or elevated serum and/or urinary CSA levels were present did not enhance granulocyte colony formation. Administration of lithium carbonate to patients with Felty's syndrome, in which serum and urinary CSA levels are reduced, enhanced peripheral blood neutrophil levels and serum and urinary CSA values. Lithium administration appears to be most beneficial in neutropenic patients in whom it can be demonstrated that CSA production is reduced. PMID- 6967681 TI - Stimulation of granulopoiesis in vitro and in vivo using lithium in children with chronic neutropenia. PMID- 6967682 TI - The effect of lithium on release of granulocyte colony stimulating activity in vitro. PMID- 6967683 TI - Effect of lithium on colony formation and production of colony-stimulating factor. PMID- 6967684 TI - Changes in immune function with age. PMID- 6967685 TI - Pharmacological studies in the rat with [2-(1,3-didecanoyloxy)-propyl]2 acetyloxybenzoate (A-45474): an aspirin pro-drug with negligible gastric irritation. AB - A triglyceride of aspirin, A-45474: [2-(1,3-didecanoyloxy)-propyl]2 acetyloxybenzoate, was developed to reduce the direct gastric irritant properties of aspirin. Studies in the rat show that oral administration of A-45474 produces anti-inflammatory activity comparable to aspirin with negligible gastric irritation. Compared with aspirin, plasma salicylate levels of A-45474 appeared less rapidly and were more sustained. It is concluded that incorporation of aspirin in the 2-position of a triglyceride bearing n-decanoyl groups in the 1- and 3-positions markedly reduces the gastric irritating properties of aspirin while maintaining its pharmacological effects. PMID- 6967686 TI - The anti-inflammatory and analgesic profile of 6,11-dihydrodibenzo-[b.e.]-thiepin 11-one-3-acetic acid (tiopinac). AB - Tiopinac displayed marked anti-inflammatory activity when given p.o. in rat models of acute and chronic inflammation. It inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema (40 x phenylbutazone), and cotton-pellet-induced granuloma (0.8 x indomethacin). In an 18-day test, tiopinac prevented the development of adjuvant induced arthritis (10-15 x naproxen) and had similar activity versus pre-induced arthritis. Tiopinac exhibited antiphlogistic activity in adrenalectomized rats. It did not have corticosteroid activity. Depending upon the type of analgesic test used, the potency of tiopinac varied. When given p.o. it inhibited phenylquinone-induced writhing in the mouse and rat (respectively 16 and 10 x aspirin). In contrast, tiopinac had approximately 10 times the potency of indomethacin in increasing the pain threshold when yeast-inflamed paws were compressed. The pain threshold of the noninflamed paw was not increased. Tiopinac was highly active versus pain induced by flexing the adjuvant arthritic-inflamed paw (greater than or equal to 1000 x aspirin). It was inactive in the mouse hot plate test in which opiate-like agents are active. Tiopinac, p.o., lowered yeast induced pyrexia (130 x aspirin). Tiopinac did not have significant cardiovascular or CNS activity. Whereas the Ed50 versus adjuvant arthritis in rats was 0.1 mg/kg/day p.o., rats tolerated up to 20 mg/kg/day p.o. in the 8-day cotton-pellet test. Lack of anorexia and emesis in dogs with up to 30 mg/kg p.o. and mild oral activity in producing gastric erosion in acute and subacute studies in rats suggests that tiopinac may have relatively little gastrointestinal irritating activity. PMID- 6967688 TI - B lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. AB - Twenty-six patients with active and inactive sarcoidosis were studied. Surface immunofluorescence techniques with polyvalent and monospecific antisera after resynthesis of intrinsic Ig, were employed to determine the number of B cells. The peroxidase positive cells were not included in the count. Percentage and absolute number of lymphocyte forming rosettes with mouse erythrocytes were also determined. Compared to normal controls the numbers of SmIg positive cells were practically unchanged. Moderate decrease in the absolute number of mouse rosette forming cells was found in active disease. Our results will be correlated with the staging of the disease. PMID- 6967690 TI - The responsibility of the cardiological mapmaker. PMID- 6967687 TI - [Immunochemical properties of secretory IgA of human colostrum]. AB - Immunochemical properties of secretory IgA obtained from the colostrum of healthy post-partum women are discussed. Lipids were completely eliminated by centrifugation and the supernatant was adjusted at pH 8.0 with NaOH and dialysed against a PBS buffer. Fractionation through a Sephadex G-200 column was fractionated again through a DEAE-cellulose column which eluted only pure IgA. Aliquots of 3 ml each were checked for protein content in an Uvicord spectrophotometer at 254 millimicron. Three fractions were obtained from the Sephadex column, the first involving tubes 50 to 90 contained IgA and IgM, the second from tubes 91 to 120 contained IgG and the third from tubes 130 to 150 contained alfa-lactalbumin and lactotransferrin. Passage of fraction I through a DEAE-cellulose column led to the collection of pure IgA in tubes 45 to 80 with the highest content in tube 53 which was employed in the immunization of rabbits. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis were employed to check the reactivity among whole colostrum as well as Sephadex and DEAE-cellulose fractions against an anti-IgA, anti-IgM, anti-IgG, anti-immunoglobulins and anti-whole human sera. Several precipitin bands revealed that human colostrum contained IgA, IgG, and IgM. Pure secretory IgA was used to immunize adult rabbits with complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvant for a period of two months. A rabbit anti-IgA serum was then obtained and after being purified by saline precipitation and dialysis and passed through a DEAE-cellulose column, was labeled with I-131 reaching a specific activity of 20 microCi/mg. This antiserum was used against human colostrum, normal serum and saliva, and serum and urine from a patient with an IgA myeloma confirmed by means of precipitin methods and autoradiographies. Chemical purity of the secretory IgA was confirmed by analytic ultracentrifugation obtaining a sedimentation value of S 20: 10.5. In all cases a single precipitin band was obtained in spite of the low concentration of the antigens; the isotopic labelling did not alter the specificity and the sensitivity of the antiserum and its usefulness was well established. The biological properties of secretory IgA are described and its importance in local immunity is emphasized. PMID- 6967689 TI - T and B lymphocytes, total serum IgE and peripheral eosinophils in bronchial asthma. AB - Absolute T and B lymphocytes, assayed by E and EAC rosette techniques, serum IgE levels, total eosinophil counts and delayed hypersensitivity cutaneous reactions were studied in 39 asthmatic subjects (19 extrinsic asthmas and 20 intrinsic asthmas) and in 15 age-matched control subjects. The mean value of T lymphocytes was 1753 +/- 709 mm.3 in the extrinsic group, 1511 +/- +/- 530 mm.3 in the intrinsic, and 1609 +/- 451 mm.3 in the controls. There was no statistical difference between the two groups of patients and the controls (P > 0.05). There was also no statistical difference of B lymphocytes between the two groups of patients and the controls. Serum IgE was elevated in 8 extrinsic asthmatics (42.1%), in one intrinsic (5%), and in none of the control population. The mean value of eosinophils ws significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the extrinsic group as compared to the controls. The same was true of the intrinsic group, but not so significantly (P congruent to 0.02). No correlation was observed between the number of T lymphocytes and the skin tests, serum IgE and total eosinophil counts. PMID- 6967691 TI - Aortic stenosis associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. A survey of 612 patients. AB - A retrospective study was done in order to examine the association between aortic stenosis (AS) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bleeding. Four groups of patients included a group of 152 patients with AS, a control group of 152 patients with MS, and another two groups of 154 patients each with and without GIT bleeding. GIT bleeding of known and of idiopathic sources was significantly more prevalent among patients with AS (three and four patients, respectively) than among those with MS (none). Moreover, AS was significantly more prevalent in association with idiopathic GIT bleeding (seven out of 24, 29.1%), in comparison to its association with bleeding from a known source (two out of 130, 1.5%), and its incidence in routinely admitted patients without GIT bleeding (three out of 154, 1.9%). This study supports the assumption that GIT bleeding may be associated with AS. PMID- 6967692 TI - Coronary bypass surgery for asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic coronary artery disease. PMID- 6967693 TI - Cytochemical reactions in resting and activated T-lymphocytes. AB - Peripheral blood T-lymphocytes from normal persons were studied before and after incubation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for the presence of beta-glucuronidase, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive material. The number of T lymphocytes containing beta-glucuronidase, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase was reduced (P < 0.005) after incubation with PHA. No significant change in the number of T-lymphocytes positive for acid phosphatase was observed. PAS-positive material was markedly increased (P < 0.005) in activated T-lymphocytes. The data suggest that the cytochemical profile of resting T cells differs markedly from that of activated T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6967694 TI - Ampicillin resistance in Hemophilus parainfluenzae. AB - Ampicillin resistance among strains of Hemophilus is usually due to production of beta-lactamase. This paper reports the isolation of a strain of H. parainfluenzae resistant to ampicillin with no detectable beta-lactamase or amidase activity. The organism, isolated from the blood of a patient who had aortic valve endocarditis, gave a zone diameter consistent with ampicillin sensitivity when tested by disc diffusion in Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 1% IsoVitaleX and 1% hemoglobin. Broth dilution testing in Levinthal medium, however, revealed the following minimal inhibitory cencentrations: ampicillin, 32 micrograms/ml; penicillin, 256 micrograms/ml; methicillin, 128 micrograms/ml; carbenicillin, 128 micrograms/ml; and cephalothin and chloramphenicol, 1.0 micrograms/ml. The results of acidimetric, iodometric, and chromogenic cephalosporin methods for detection of beta-lactamase were negative. Beta-lactamase activity could not be demonstrated in cell sonicates or induced by growth of the cells in antibiotic containing medium. In addition, no extracellular degradation of either ampicillin or penicillin could be demonstrated. PMID- 6967695 TI - Neonatal von Willebrand's disease: diagnostic difficulty at birth. PMID- 6967696 TI - Hemophilus influenzae in hospitalized adults: current perspectives. AB - In an eight year period 16 cases of serious extrapulmonary Hemophilus influenzae infection in adults were identified, including cases of meningitis, pericarditis, epiglottitis, empyema, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, endometritis, urinary tract infection, orbital cellulitis, primary peritonitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis and aortic graft infection. An 18 month prospective study of H. influenzae infection in hospitalized adults identified 10 cases of bronchitis, 25 of pneumonia and 65 of respiratory tract colonization, but there were no extrapulmonary infections. In 29 percent of the respiratory tract infections, H. influenzae appeared to be a nosocomial pathogen; in 71 percent, the infection was mixed. Finally, 110 clinical isolates of H. influenzae were studied for antimicrobial susceptibility. Eight percent were ampicillin resistant, two strains were resistant to tetracycline and one to chloramphenicol, but all were susceptible to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and cefamandole. PMID- 6967697 TI - Cortisol, 11-desoxycortisol, and 21-desoxycortisol concentrations in amniotic fluid during normal pregnancy. AB - Concentrations of unconjugated cortisol, 11-desoxycortisol, and 21-desoxycortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay in amniotic fluid throughout gestation. Cortisol levels rose from a median of 6.5 nanograms per milliliter prior to 20 weeks to 13.9 ng/ml at 28 to 37 weeks. Median levels of 11-desoxycortisol and 21 desoxycortisol were 2.6 ng/ml and 0.21 ng/ml, respectively, and did not change with advancing gestation. These normal values provide a basis for the application of assays of 11-desoxycortisol and 21-desoxycortisol in amniotic fluid in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 6967698 TI - Increased blood viscosity in young women using oral contraceptives. AB - Blood viscosity and its major determinants (hematocrit, plasma fibrinogen, and plasma viscosity) were measured in 25 men, 25 women who were not using oral contraceptives, and 25 women who had been using oral contraceptives for at least 3 months. Mean blood viscosity and hematocrit were significantly higher in women using oral contraceptives than in women who were not (p < 0.001), and use of oral contraceptives abolished the normal sex difference in blood viscosity and hematocrit. After correction to a standard hematocrit of 45%, blood viscosity was still higher in users or oral contraceptives, as was plasma fibrinogen (p < 0.05). Plasma viscosity was not significantly increased in users of oral contraceptives. PMID- 6967699 TI - Determinants of primary care optometry. AB - The frequency with which visual problems, ocular disease, and ocular manifestations of systemic disease are experienced in private optometric practice are the determinants of optometry as a primary care profession. This paper describes the basic optometric services provided and shows that these services identify optometry as a primary care profession. A problem-oriented clinical record indicates by color coding the presence of the conditions diagnosed. A computer number assigned to each coded condition and programmed into the system facilitates data retrieval. The color-coded charts provide ready access for review of specific conditions, whereas the computer permits analysis of data concerning the frequency of each of the identified condition. PMID- 6967701 TI - The absence of the Ives effect in a deuteranope. AB - Ives found that when monochromatic stimuli are matched to white by flicker photometry, they are not equal in brightness to the white by direct comparison, and the discrepancy is minimal for yellow but is increased for longer and shorter wavelengths. On the two sides of yellow, the colors are more saturated, and Ives postulated that brightness involves the sum of a chromatic component and an achromatic component and that the chromatic component varies with the saturation. In the case of a deuteranope, one would expect a vigorous chromatic response for yellow and blue stimuli but a poor response for the neutral part of the spectrum. The Ives effect is virtually nonexistent for subject SR, who is a deuteranope. In terms of the zone theory of color vision, this would mean that the blue-yellow chromatic channel contributes little or nothing to brightness. In a normal observer, the blue-yellow mechanism can be isolated by using blues and yellows depurified with white, but in this case the Ives effect is found to exist. PMID- 6967700 TI - Cool white, Ultralume, and Vita-Lite fluorescent lamps for use in color vision testing. AB - Thirty-one normal and 20 color vision-deficient persons were tested with the Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) Pseudoisochromatic Plates, Farnsworth's D-15 and 100-Hue tests, and the Davidson & Hemmendinger (D & H) Color Rule using Vita-Lite, Ultralume, and Cool White fluorescent lamps to determine their usefulness for color vision measurement. The persons with deficient color vision were classified with a Nagel anomaloscope. The Macbeth Easel lamp was the reference for determining relative lamp performance. No normal was misclassified with any of the lamps. Scores with the Vita-Lite lamp were qualitatively and quantitatively most similar to those with the Macbeth lamp. The Ultralume gave intermediate results, and the Cool White was the least satisfactory substitute. Norms for the metameric D & H Color Rule for each lamp were different, which prevented intercomparisons. Best separation of the scores of deficient from normal persons with the D & H Rule occurred with the Macbeth and Vita-Lite lamps. Better performance with the Vita-Lite and Ultralume lamps can be expected from protans with the HRR and 100-Hue Tests and poorer performances from deutans on the HRR tests than with the standard Macbeth Lamp. The Cool White lamp was judged an unsuitable substitute for color vision testing. PMID- 6967703 TI - Thymus dependence of resistance to infection with Babesia microti of human origin in mice. PMID- 6967704 TI - Analysis of operative mortality after portal decompressive procedures in cirrhotic patients. PMID- 6967702 TI - Pulmonary injury induced by C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins. AB - Homogeneous anaphylatoxins C3a (human or porcine), C5a (porcine), and the porcine classic anaphylatoxin, a mixture of C5a and C5a des Arg, isolated from complement activated serum, were shown to induce acute pulmonary injury in the guinea pig following intrabonchial instillation. The gross physiologic response to these factors is characterized by respiratory distress with rapid, shallow breathing. Administration of 8--17 micrograms/kg of porcine classic anaphylatoxin proved lethal in 50% of the animals treated. The acute response (less than 20 minutes after instillation) of pulmonary tissue to insult by the anaphylatoxins is characterized by constriction of the smooth muscle walls in both bronchioles and pulmonary arteries and by focal atelectasis. Aggregates of platelets and leukocytes in pulmonary vessels and in other organs such as the chambers of the heart were commonly observed after intrabronchial administration of the anaphylatoxins. Although C3a was never lethal in guinea pigs even when doses as high as 500 micrograms/kg were administered by the intrabronchial route, this anaphylatoxin did induce the same pattern of acute pulmonary injury as C5a. In vitro experiments employing guinea pig platelets indicated that these cells aggregate in the presence of 10(-10) M porcine C5a but are not affected by C3a (human or porcine) even at levels up to 10(-6) M. Hence, platelet aggregation as observed in vivo may be directly affected by C5a, but in the case of C3a, secondary mediators must be involved. Anaphylatoxin preparations were also shown to induce contraction of guinea pig lung strips in vitro: this effect was not inhibited by antihistamines at concentrations that blocked contraction to exogenous histamine. The in vivo response to anaphylatoxin could be blocked with high doses of the antihistamine chlorpheniramine but not by corresponding doses of diphenhydramine. PMID- 6967705 TI - Role of T gamma and T mu sub-set lymphocytes in allergic disease. AB - In the present study, 48 students (30 non-atopics and 18 rhinitic allergic individuals) were studied for relative concentrations of T (E-rosette-forming sheep red blood cells) and T mu and T gamma sub-sets. Insignificant differences in T-cells were found between the two groups and only slightly higher T mu and slightly lower T gamma relative concentrations were observed. However, examinations of T mu/T gamma ratios for each individual revealed a strikingly higher ratio between these two groups, particularly in those individuals whose IgE exceeded 200 u/ml. Interpretation of the role of the T mu and T gamma sub sets, particularly with regard to helper and supressor activities in allergic disease, is discussed in the text. PMID- 6967707 TI - Different effects of concanavalin A-activated T-cells on the in vitro IgG and IgE biosynthesis in asthmatic children and normals. AB - The T-cell regulations of IgG and IgE biosynthesis were studied by treating purified T-cells from normal adult and asthmatic patients with various concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A) and the co-cultivated with allogeneic mononuclear cells in the presence of pokeweed mitogen for seven days. After being treated with 20 microgram/ml or more of Con A for 18 hours, T-cells from both normal and allergic individuals were able to suppress IgG, but not IgE, production of allogeneic lymphocytes. The results suggest that the T-cell regulation of IgE production is different from that of IgG synthesis and allergic patients do retain suppressor T-cell function(s). PMID- 6967706 TI - Bleeding duodenal ulcer as a complication of treatment of status asthmaticus with adrenal corticosteroids. PMID- 6967708 TI - Smoking, dust exposure, and serum alpha 1-antitrypsin. AB - The relationships of smoking and dust exposure to serum alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations were studied in 1,131 male workers who were PiM phenotypes and who were employed in 4 different environments. In each work group, current smokers had higher concentrations than nonsmokers or ex-smokers. Among current smokers, concentrations were highest in those who smoked the most and for the longest time. Within the smoking categories the concentrations in most instances were greatest in workers exposed to the greatest dust concentrations. A significant positive relationship with duration of employment was found only in 1 work group. The independent effects of smoking and dust exposure persisted when the analysis was repeated using only nonatopic workers who were free of chest symptoms. Although both the biologic significance of these variations and the underlying mechanisms require clarification, the findings suggest that extrinsic factors, such as smoking and industrial dust exposure, may influence serum alpha 1 antitrypsin concentrations. PMID- 6967709 TI - Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of respiratory isolates of Hemophilus influenzae from adults. AB - Hemophilus influenzae isolates from sputum of 111 patients with chronic bronchitis were tested for susceptibility to 8 antimicrobial drugs. A new beta lactam, LY-127935, was the most active agent tested. Ampicillin, cefamandole, tetracycline, and cefuroxime showed good activity against most isolates. Two strains, both nontypable, were resistant to ampicillin and produced beta lactamase. Cefaclor was somewhat less effective, although most strains were susceptible. Erythromycin and cephalexin were of limited utility. PMID- 6967710 TI - Prospective staging evaluation of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Demonstration of a high frequency of extracutaneous dissemination. AB - A prospective pretreatment staging evaluation was done on 49 consecutive patients with mycosis fungoides or the Sezary syndrome to study patterns of disease spread and prognostic factors. Routine staging procedures included complete blood count, blood chemistries, chest roentgenogram, lymphangiogram, radionuclide scans, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, liver biopsy, and lymph node biopsy. Special evaluations included cytogenetic analysis, electron microscopy, and T-cell cytology. Extracutaneous lymphoma was documented by light microscopy in 51% of patients and by the three special procedures in 88%. Extracutaneous lymphoma was most frequent in blood and lymph nodes; 18% of patients had visceral involvement. Patients with generalized erythroderma had a higher frequency of extracutaneous disease than did patients with cutaneous plaques and tumors by both light microscopy and special studies. Survival was directly related to the type of skin involvement and the presence or absence of extracutaneous disease. Systemic dissemination of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is frequent, generally asymptomatic, and develops early via the circulation. These findings may explain why cutaneous therapies are associated with a high frequency of relapse. PMID- 6967711 TI - Differences in helper T-cell sensitivity to anti-thy-1.2 alloantiserum or monoclonal antibody. AB - A Thy-1 alloantigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody which is not present in all strains of mice carrying the Thy-1b allele is reported. Indeed, helper and memory T cells of DBA/2 strain are not eliminated by the monoclonal antibody used in this study. PMID- 6967712 TI - Effects of stroke on local cerebral metabolism and perfusion: mapping by emission computed tomography of 18FDG and 13NH3. AB - By means of emission computed tomography (ECT), we used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) and 13N-ammonia (13NH3) as indicators of abnormalities in local cerebral glucose utilization (LCMRglc) and relative perfusion, respectively. The ECAT positron tomograph was used to scan normal control subject and 10 stroke patients at various times during recovery. In normal subjects, mean CMRglc was 5.28 +/- 0.76 mg per 100 gm tissue per minute (mean +/- SD; N = 8). In patients with stroke, mean CMRglc in the contralateral hemisphere was moderately decreased during the first week, profoundly depressed in irreversible coma, and normal after clinical recovery. Quantification was restricted by incomplete understanding of tracer behavior in diseased brain, but relative local distributions of 18FDG and 13NH3 trapping qualitatively reflected the increases and decreases as well as coupling and uncoupling expected for local alterations in glucose utilization and perfusion in stroke. Early after cerebrovascular occlusion there was a greater decrease in local trapping of 13NH3, than 18FDG within the infarct, probably because of increased anaerobic glycolysis. Otherwise, 18FDG was a more sensitive indicator of cerebral dysfunction than was 13NH3. Hypometabolism, due to deactivation or minimal damage, was demonstrated with the 18FDG scan in deep structures and broad zones of cerebral cortex that appeared normal on x-ray computed tomography and technetium 99m pertechnetate scans. In its present state of development, the 18FDG ECT method should aid in defining the location and extent of altered brain in studies of disordered function after stroke. With improved knowledge of tracer behaviour in diseased brain, the method has promise for mapping the response to therapeutic intervention and increasing our understanding of how the human brain responds to stroke. PMID- 6967715 TI - Ultrastructural studies of allergic contact dermatitis in man. Infiltrating cells at the earliest phase of spongiotic bulla formation. AB - The kind and fine structure of mononuclear cells appearing in the epidermis at about 6 h of allergic contact dermatitis were examined by electron microscopy. They were monocytes and lymphocytes, the number being about equal. The ultrastructure of monocytes was that described for normal ones in blood, and apparently actively moving, streching the intercellular connections of the keratinocytes. Lymphocytes displayed a round or oval nucleus with some electron dense cytoplasm which contained ribosomes and polysomes but only occasional mitochondria and Golgi complexes. PMID- 6967713 TI - Combined antibacterial activity of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid against ampicillin-resistant strains. AB - Strains of bacteria resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics have been increasing in number and are becoming troublesome in clinical medicine. The in vitro antibacterial activity of amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid was determined on selected ampicillin-resistant clinical isolates. Synergistic effects were produced by amoxicillin with clavulanic acid against ampicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Bacteroides fragilis. Inhibition of the beta-lactamases produced by the ampicillin-resistant strains was confirmed, especially against the penicillinases mediated by the R factor and the cephalosporinases produced by P.vulgaris and B. fragilis. The inhibitory effect of clavulanic acid against beta-lactamases was irreversible because of the high affinity of clavulanic acid to the enzymes. PMID- 6967714 TI - Regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in the small intestine and the epididymis of mice. PMID- 6967717 TI - Comparative effects of amiodarone, bepridil and perhexiline on coronary venous flow and several cardiovascular parameters. AB - The effects of amiodarone (10 mg/kg i.v.), bepridil (2.5 mg/kg i.v.) and perhexiline (2.5 mg/kg i.v.) were compared in the anesthetized dog at doses inducing a decrease in heart rate of same intensity. This bradycardial effect existed for amiodarone and bepridil whether the heart was denervated or not. Perhexiline did not modify the rate of the denervated heart. Amiodarone decreased dp/dt max whether the heart was denervated, innervated or paced at constant rate. PO2 in coronary venous blood was transiently increased with no significant variations in coronary flow. Bepridil reduced dp/dt max only after cardiac denervation; coronary PVO2 was increased in a durable way although the rise in coronary flow did not exceed a few minutes. Perhexiline decreased dp/dt max in a durable way only when cardiac innervation was respected. It had no effect on coronary flow. The increase in coronary PVO2 was transient and depended upon bradycardia. PMID- 6967716 TI - Impending aortoenteric hemorrhage: the effect of early recognition on improved outcome. AB - Aortoenteric hemorrhage is the result of enteric erosion and necrosis of aortic wall or anastomotic site. Mechanical or bacteriologic causes may occur singly or in combination. The temporal sequence is such that warning symptoms, often including back pain, fever, hemotochezia, and anemia, are present long before exsanguinating hemorrhage occurs. Vigorous diagnostic efforts, including gallium 67 citrate nuclear scan and computerized axial tomography, lead to a correct diagnosis. This allows planned semielective corrective operation before severe hemorrhage begins. The ideal operation consists of extra-anatomic revascularization, excision of the infected prosthesis, bowel repair with decompression, and sump drainage. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy should be continued until healing is complete. With aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic intervention according to this plan, marked improvement in survival and limb preservation can be anticipated in patients having this complication of aortic surgery. In this series, 15 of 18 patiets having operation recovered, though delayed limb loss occurred in two. PMID- 6967718 TI - Infections in patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 6967719 TI - [Ultrastructure of the terminals of bushy receptors]. AB - Patches of bushy receptors in the frog (Rana temporaria) urinary bladder cervix were revealed electron microscopically. The patches have no neurilemma, have specific topography and distribution, they vary in their form and size, their ultrastructural features are presented as specialization of cytolemma, mitochondria of a condenced type, a peculiar receptory matrix, various structure of the basal membrane in different areas. Topographic, morphological and ultrastructural data evidence in favour of a sensitive nature of the bushy receptory terminals described. PMID- 6967720 TI - Effects of n-methylnitrosourea on oral and dental tissues in the inbred Lewis rat. PMID- 6967721 TI - Prospective angiographic assessment of factors affecting early patency of saphenous vein-coronary artery bypass grafts. AB - Between November 1977 and September 1978, early post-operative angiography was performed in 50 of 53 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. An average of 2.4 grafts per patient were applied. The overall patency rate was 82% and was not affected by the degree of proximal native vessel stenosis. Grafts to circumflex marginal vessels had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) patency rate (72%) than grafts to the left anterior descending (84%) and its diagonal branches (85%), or to the right coronary artery (90%). Ten single grafts were applied and all were patent. Forty-nine of the 50 patients had at least one patent graft. Fifty-three per cent of the grafts were considered of excellent quality and 25% patent but of fair quality only. There was a 100% patency rate for vessels of 2 mm diameter or more, which is significantly better (P < 0.01) than for vessels of 1-2 mm diameter (78%) or for vessels of less than 1 mm diameter (50%). There was a suggestion of a lower patency rate (74%) for vessels with evidence of distal disease, compared with vessels without such disease (85%). An assessment of the overall quality of the recipient vessel was made, taking both diameter and disease into account. This showed improved results for better quality vessels in terms of graft patency (P < 0.1) and graft quality (P < 0.05). PMID- 6967723 TI - Local experience with transhepatic portal catheterization. PMID- 6967722 TI - Computerised clinical data base system--Australia. AB - In search for a practical solution to analyse a large quantity of medical information, rheumatic disease data base system (RDDS) is described. Details of data configuration, data entry and retrieval are discussed in some detail. The system incorporates a range of commonly used statistical tests and provisions for more advanced data analysis are made. Additional facilities include provisions for a variety of printed reports, back up facilities and a word processor. The ease of system operation and flexibility are emphasised. Technical support requirements are minimal even when new applications are being developed. The system is fully operational at present and can be implemented on a number of computer systems. PMID- 6967724 TI - The temporal structure of motivation II: Determinants of reinforcement patterns in the local organization of intracranial reward. PMID- 6967726 TI - Clinical photography in the rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6967725 TI - The kinetics of antibody binding to membrane antigens in solution and at the cell surface. AB - The reaction kinetics of 125I-labelled mouse monoclonal antibodies binding to three cell-surface antigens of rat thymocytes (Thy-1.1, W3/25) were studied. The differences between bivalent and univalent interactions were determined by using antibody in the F(ab')2 or Fab' form and by using antigen in polymeric or monomeric forms. Association rate constants (k+1), dissociation rate constants (k 1) and equilibrium constants were determined. Also, the dissociation kinetics of rabbit antibodies against rat Thy-1 antigen were studied. The major findings were as follows. (i) With F(ab')2 antibody there was no simple relationship between antigen density at the cell surface and extent of bivalent binding. Extensive univalent binding was observed unless the antibody had a high k-1 for the univalent interaction, in which case all binding was bivalent. (ii) k+1 values were similar for F(ab')2 or Fab' antibody, and for the different antibodies were in the range 0.8 x 10(5)--1.1 x 10(6) M-1.s-1. These differences were sufficient to affect the interpretation of serological assays with the different antibodies. (iii) Antibody bound bivalently dissociated much more slowly than that bound univalently. However, the k-1 values for the univalently bound antibody were sufficiently low in most cases that the lifetime of the univalent complex was similar to or greater than the time needed for the assay. Thus the results could be interpreted on the basis of irreversible reactions. The overall conclusion from the study is that for an understanding of the binding of antibody to cell surface antigens the kinetics of the interaction are of major importance and theories based on equilibrium binding are inappropriate. PMID- 6967728 TI - Similar patterns of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis within families. PMID- 6967727 TI - Metabolism of C4 and factor B in rheumatoid arthritis. Relation to rheumatoid factor. AB - Metabolic turnover determined by radioiodide labeled C4 and Factor B was studied in 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 19 normal control subjects as a means of estimating the relative ratio of consumption of components in the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation. Predominance of fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of C4 over Factor B was demonstrated with differentially labeled C4 and Factor B. The hypercatabolism occurred in the extravascular space. C4 FCR correlated significantly with rheumatoid factor (RF) determined in a hemolytic assay (rs = 0.72), measured as IgG RF (rs = 0.57), and as IgM RF (rs = 0.45). There were no significant correlations with several other antibodies measured. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that RA is a systemic, extravascular immune complex disease, in which RF immune complexes play a significant pathogenetic role principally via activation of the classical pathway of complement. PMID- 6967729 TI - HLA-DRw3 and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6967731 TI - Kinetics of activation of prekallikrein by prekallikrein activator. AB - A 28 000 molecular weight activator of prekallikrein was isolated from human plasma, and the kinetics of its enzymic activity toward prekallikrein was investigated. The activation follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a kcat of approximately 3 S(-1); Km is strongly dependent upon the ionic strength. Under suitable conditions the activation obeys first-order kinetics, and the first order rate constant may be used to quantitate prekallikrein activator activity. Thus a two-stage assay, in which the first step involves the activation of prekallikrein by the activator and the second step quantitates the kallikrein generated, was developed to allow the measurement of prekallikrein activator in biologic samples. The prekallikrein activator content of therapeutic protein solutions, as determined by means of this assay, correlated well with the hypotensive activity of these solutions as determined in an animal model. PMID- 6967730 TI - [Effect of polycation modification by a hapten on different stages of immunogenesis]. PMID- 6967732 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the binding of carbon-13-enriched tetra-L-alanine haptens to Fab' fragments of anti-poly(L-alanine) antibodies. PMID- 6967734 TI - Magnetic field affects the fluorescence yield in reaction center preparations from Rhodopseudomonas spaeroides R-26. AB - Purified photochemical reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26 were reduced with Na2S2O4 so as to block their photochemical electron-transfer reaction. The magnetic field induced an increase in the emission yield. Our results support the hypothesis that under these conditions, charge recombination in the singlet radical pair composed of the oxidized primary donor and reduced primary acceptor predominantly generates the excited singlet state of the reaction cnter bacteriochlorophyll. The maximum relative fluorescence change and the value of the magnetic field at which half-saturation of the effect is achieved (B1/2) at room temperature are 5.5% and 75 G, respectively. For the whole cells of Rps. sphaeroides R-26 these parameters are 1.2% and 120G. The relative fluorescence change at 600 G, deltaF/F(600), and B1/2 are studied as functions of temperature. The temperature dependencies of deltaF/F(600) for reaction centers and whole cells of Rps. sphaeroides R-26 are qualitatively the same, with the maximum effect (8% for reaction centers) occurring at 230 K. However, the B1/2 curves for the two preparations are different. PMID- 6967733 TI - Studies on reactivity of human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and porcine pancreatic elastase toward peptides including sequences related to the reactive site of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-antitrypsin). PMID- 6967735 TI - The action of pimaricin, etruscomycin and amphotericin B on liposomes with varying sterol content. AB - 1. The effect of pimaricin, etruscomycin and amphotericin B on the K+ release from liposomes is strongly dependent on their sterol concentration. Pimaricin and etruscomycin induce K+ release from egg lecithin liposomes with cholesterol contents of more than 25 and 10 mol%, respectively, at polyene concentrations of 100 and 10 microgram/ml, respectively. Amphotericin B shows a maximal effect at a cholesterol content of 20 mol% at a concentration of 0.4 microgram/ml. 2. For liposomes containing ergosterol the sensitivity is shifted to a lower sterol content. All three polyenes show activity at 10 mol% ergosterol. The sensitivity for amphothericin B is increased approx. 15 times by the incorporation of ergosterol compared to cholesterol. The increase in sensitivity is much less for pimaricin and etruscomycin. The K+ release is maximal at an ergosterol concentration of 30 mol%. 3. Pimaricin, etruscomycin and amphotericin B can induce K+ release from erythrocytes without the release of haemoglobin at concentrations of 20, 2 and 1 microgram/ml, respectively. For these polyenes a selective permeability change is also demonstrated for liposomes since K+ is released but no [14C]dextran. Filipin shows a nonselective release of solutes from erythrocytes and liposomes. 4. At cholesterol concentrations higher than 20 mol% and ergosterol concentrations higher than 10 mol%, etruscomycin, pimaricin and amphotericin B show little dependence of the bilayer thickness and are able to release K+ from didocosenoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes after addition of the polyene to one side of the membrane. A possible mechanism is discussed. PMID- 6967736 TI - Freeze-fracture of reconstituted model membranes used as targets for cell mediated cytotoxicity. AB - In a recent communication (Hollander, N., Mehdi, S.Q., Weissmann, I.L., McConnell, H.M. and Kriss, J.P. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 4042 4045) we reported that reconstituted model membranes containing murine tumor cell membrane proteins can be substituted for living cells as targets for cell mediated cytolysis by allosensitized T-lymphocytes. The specificity of the lytic process was governed by the appropriate histocompatibility antigen (H-2). It was stressed, however, that although a standard protocol was faithfully followed for the reconstitution of the target membrane vesicle, the system was not uniformly reproducible. Some experiments showed high levels of specific vesicle killing while no lysis was observed in others. This work extends our description of the structural requirements of reconstituted membrane vesicles. PMID- 6967737 TI - Purification of guinea-pig plasma prekallikrein. Activation by prekallikrein activator derived from guinea-pig skin. AB - Prekallikrein was purified from guinea-pig plasma. The prekallikrein appeared homogeneous as a single-chain protein on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and beta-mercaptoethanol. The apparent molecular weight was 82 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 99 000 by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-150 column and 84 500 (protein part) by amino acid analysis. The isoelectric point was approx. 9.0. The purification method yielded 3.8 mg (A280 3.800) of prekallikrein from 500 ml of plasma. Kallikrein was generated from the prekallikrein by limited proteolytic action of a prekallikrein activator which was derived from guinea-pig skin. From analysis using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the kallikrein has two fragments with apparent molecular weights of 52 000 and 40 000 which are linked by disulfide bond(s). The 40 000 molecular weight fragment was shown to incorporate [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate. The kallikrein hydrolyzed the synthetic substrates containing the Phe-Arg sequence at the COOH-terminal, and it cleaved carbobenzyloxy-Phe-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide more readily than Pro-Phe-Arg methylcoumaryl-7-amide. The Km for the kallikrein with carbobenzyloxy-Phe-Arg methylcoumaryl amide was 2 times 104 M. Also, the kallikrein showed negligible activities on peptide-methylcoumaryl amide-substrate for alpha-thrombin, Factor Xa or plasmin. PMID- 6967739 TI - [Characteristics of cellular and humoral immunity in mice infected with Rauscher leukemia virus following administration of serum against isologous aggregated immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6967740 TI - Determination of a new phagocytic index: influence of the bacteria strain and leukocyte species. AB - A scale of response, called phagocytic index (PI), is established to study the phagocytic function by measure of the Nitrobluetetrazoluim (NBT) reduction. 0 % and 100 % opsonic activity must be evaluated before the determination of PI which is calculated as follows: (Formula: see text) OD 0% vary with leukocyte species and the NBT batches, OD 100 % is depended on bacteria strains and nature of cells. Therefore PI must be performed in a system strictly characterized for bacteria, cells, and batch of NBT used. PI provides a better evaluation of bacterial phagocytosis as shown with antisera from rabbits immunized with Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6967738 TI - Lipids of plasma membranes from rat thymic lymphoid cells: deficiency of sphingomyelin. AB - Plasma membranes were isolated from normal thymocytes of Wistar-King-A rats and from Moloney virus-induced rat thymic leukemias (RML11 and RML30 cells) using a simplified method developed by us. All the isolated plasma membranes were electron-microscopically pure and enriched in the specific activities of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase in comparison with those of the corresponding whole cell homogenates. These plasma membranes as well as the original cells were analyzed for phopholipid composition and contents of phospholipid, cholesterol and plasmalogen. There was no difference in the phospholipid composition among the three plasma membranes. However, all the plasma membranes were deficient in sphingomyelin, namely, 1.8% for the normal thymocytes, 2.2% for the RML11 cells and 1.9% for the RML30 cells as percentage of the total phospholipid phosphorus. The contents of phospholipid (mumol per mg protein), cholesterol (mumol per mg protein) and plasmalogen (mol% to phospholipid) of the plasma membranes from both lines of malignant cells were lower than those of the normal thymocyte membranes. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid of the malignant cell membranes was also lower than that of the normal membranes, because in the former membranes the degree of decrease in the cholesterol content was higher than that in phospholipid content. PMID- 6967742 TI - [Effect of antiserum against isologous aggregated immunoglobulins on synthesis of nonspecific immunoglobulins in mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes]. AB - Injection of antiserum against isologous aggregated immunoglobulins into mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (5X10(7)) suppressed by 20% on the average the synthesis of nonspecific immunoglobulins. Concurrently the antiserum caused a 70% decrease in the amount of rosette-forming cells, but did not affect the proliferation of anti-body-forming cells and hemagglutinin production. The data obtained warrant an assumption that the part of B lymphocytes bearing aggregated antibodies are responsible for the synthesis of nonspecific immunoglobulins. PMID- 6967741 TI - On the mechanics of mucociliary flows. I. Observations of a channel model. PMID- 6967743 TI - [Significance of the spontaneous rosette formation test with mouse erythrocytes in the complex quantitative analysis of human B-lymphocytes]. AB - Some mechanisms were studied that are concerned with mouse red blood cell rosette formation by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lymphocytes rosetting with mouse red blood cells (EM--RFC) were identified by the test similar to the E-rosette formation technique. EM--RFC accounted for 7.7+/-0.48% in the peripheral blood of healthy donors. It has been established by stepwise selective inhibition of Fc- and C3-receptors and surface immunoglobulins that human Fc- and C3-receptors do not take part in rosetting with mouse red blood cells, whilst surface immunoglobulins, particularly IgM or near-located structures, are implicated in the reaction of lymphocytes with mouse red blood cells. Multiple analysis of lymphocyte receptors has been performed in patients with different immunologic disorders. A significant decrease in the EM--RFC level was found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In patients with dys-and hypoimmunoglobulinemia, the content of EM--RFC varied depending on the severity of immunity B-system injury and correlated well with the cells bearing surface immunoglobulins. The drastically increased number EM--RFC (up to 34.6--78%) was recorded in the blood of patients with chronic lympholeukemia. These findings served as basis for applying EM--RFC detection for diagnosing various forms of lympholeukemia. PMID- 6967744 TI - [Ordering of antibodies, that react with cardiac muscle fiber and interstitial connective tissue antigens, in different immunoglobulin classes]. AB - Sera of patients suffering from rheumatic diseases and myocarditis were examined on the sections of human and bovine myocardial tissue by indirect immunofluorescence with the use of pure IgG antibodies or monospecific sera against IgG, IgA and IgM. It was shown that antibodies reacting with different myofibers and interstitial connective tissue of the heart belong to the main immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA and IgM). There was a significant predominance of IgG antibodies as shown by the frequency of their detection and by the titer height. The predominance of antibodies to certain classes of immunoglobulins did not correlate with a specific disease entity. The frequency of detecting antibodies to a certain immunoglobulin class was in good agreement with the time of the disease onset. Moreover, the frequency of positive reactions due to IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies correlated with the level of the appropriate immunoglobulins in the test sera. PMID- 6967745 TI - [Stem cells and T- and B-lymphocytes in acute hypoxia]. AB - During the stepped rapid training of mice for hypoxia the number of colony forming units in the blood and bone marrow increases and that in the spleen falls down. In acute hypoxic hypoxia there is an enhancement of the migration of stem hemopoietic cells and B-lymphocytes from the bone marrow and T-lymphocytes from the thymus. PMID- 6967746 TI - Studies on levamisole--induced agranulocytosis. AB - Widespread clinical trials of leavo-tetramisole (levamisole) as an immunopotentiating agent in rheumatoid arthritis, metastatic carcinoma, and immunodeficiency states have been complicated by agranulocytosis (AGC) in 2.5% 13% of patients. Other than a relationship with prolonged high dosage, very little is known regarding the pathogenesis of levamisole-induced AGC. Whereas leukoagglutination was negative, fluorochromatic microgranulocytotoxicity (GCY) tests were positive with serum from 10 of 10 acutely neutropenic patients. The antibody was IgM, reacted with 100% of unrelated granulocytes, but not with T or B lymphocytes. Some sera also reacted with monocytes and the myeloid cell line, K 562. Tests for antigen-antibody complexes or cold autoantibodies were negative. Although clinical evidence strongly suggests a haptene (drug) mechanism, in vitro mixing experiments were also negative. An alternative choice parallels the model of aldomet-induced Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia. Finally, GCY first became positive 2-3 mo prior to the onset of AGC on two patients, suggesting the possibility of identifying those at risk well before the onset of neutropenia. PMID- 6967747 TI - Inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity results in cytotoxicity to T lymphoblasts in vivo. AB - We have treated a patient with refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with 2'-deoxycoformycin, a potent inhibitor of the enzyme adenosine deaminase. Inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity resulted in (1) an abrupt rise in plasma deoxyadenosine, but not adenosine, concentrations; (2) accumulation of deoxyadenosine triphosphate by lymphoblasts; (3) inhibition of the enzyme S adenoylhomocysteine hydrolase; and (4) rapid lysis of the leukemic cells. The patient died suddenly 3 days after therapy was discontinued, and postmortem examination revealed a complete absence of leukemic cells in all organs. Pharmacologic inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity can result in the lysis of T lymphoblasts in vivo, and this effect appears to be mediated by deoxyadenosine. PMID- 6967748 TI - Immunoglobulin expression on theta-positive leukemic cells in AKR/J mice. AB - The expression of surface immunoglobulin was studied on cells of theta-positive AKR leukemia during repeated weekly passages of ascitic cells. It could be shown that the percentage of Ig-positive cells varied considerably (0-25%) and that this was accompanied by variations in the expression of theta-antigen on the cell surface. This was interpreted as repression and derepression of genes coding for surface antigen possibly at the translational level. PMID- 6967749 TI - Polypharmacy in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6967750 TI - Vitamin D supplements in Asian women. PMID- 6967751 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and nephritis: severe relapse with disappearance of antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 6967752 TI - The number of end-plates is independent of the physical properties of twitch fibers in amphibian muscles. PMID- 6967753 TI - Reinnervation of peripheral nerve segments implanted into the rat central nervous system. AB - Newly transected or denervated segments of isogeneic rat tibial nerve were implanted into the rat midbrain and sampled at weekly intervals up to 6 weeks post-operation. By 3 weeks, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) grafts were well vascularized and contained Schwann cells, axons associated with Schwann cell processes, and macrophages. From 3 to 6 weeks, many axons within both the fresh and predegenerated grafts were myelinated by Schwann cells. The nerve fiber arrangement within the implant was similar to that of regenerating peripheral nerve in situ. The central nervous system (CNS) border of the implant was clearly demarcated by a rim of astrocytes behind which was a layer of regenerating oligodendrocytes and axons. Extending from the CNS margin were radial bridges of astroglial tissue which apprarently guided regenerating axons into the implant. Between the CNS and the PNS implant, abundant collagen deposition was present. The findings suggest that regenerating CNS axons grow via astroglial bridges into transplanted PNS tissue and are capable of stimulating the implanted Schwann cells to form myelin. Even Schwann cells deprived of axonal contact for prolonged periods were still capable of PNS myelin formation. PMID- 6967754 TI - Neural pathways mediating the prolactin secretory response to acute neurogenic stress in the male rat. AB - Adult male rats, intact (N) or bearing complete, anterior or posterior hypothalamic deafferentations (CHD, AHD or PHD, respectively), or bilateral medial forebrain bundle (MFB) lesions, were acutely exposed to visual or audiogenic stimulation. At 2, 4, 10 or 30 min following stress onset the animals were decapitated and trunk blood was collected for prolactin (PRL) determinations. Basal serum PRL levels were found to be similar in all groups. In N animals, exposure to both modalities resulted in rapid and marked PRL secretory responses. These responses were totally abolished in the CDH group. In AHD rats, no significant elevation in serum PRL concentration was found upon stress exposure. In PHD animals, the PRL secretory responses were only slightly attenuated when compared with the N group. In MFB-lesioned rats, a marked elevation in serum PRL concentrations was recorded following visual stimulation; contrary thereto, the PRL secretory response following audiogenic stress was markedly attenuated. These data (1) describe the temporal aspects of the PRL secretory response to acute exposure to neurogenic stresses in the male rat, and (2) demonstrate that these PRL responses are elicited via a neural pathway impinging upon the medial basal hypothalamus from the rostral direction. PMID- 6967755 TI - Long-term persistence, after eye-removal, of unmyelinated fibres in the frog visual pathway. AB - Long-term fibre degeneration was studied in the optic nerve, and the optic tectum in Rana esculenta using the cobalt filling technique. Myelinated retinal fibres disappeared within 26 days. A number of unmyelinated axons, however, persisted during the experimental period (91 days after eye removal). It was concluded that myelinated fibres degenerate considerably faster than unmyelinated ones in the frog visual system. PMID- 6967756 TI - Inhibition by selected anticancer agents of the development of primary cell mediated immunity against allogeneic tumor cells in culture. PMID- 6967757 TI - Effect of monoamines on the taste buds in the mouse. AB - Mouse taste buds were investigated following administration of monoamines and their precursors by fluorescence and electron microscopy. The appearance of fluorescent cells within the taste bud and the ultrastructural changes of vesicles in the gustatory cells were due to the treatment of 5-hydroxytryptophan. Small dense-cored vesicles (30-60 nm in diameter) appeared throughout the cytoplasm and accumulated especially at the presynaptic membranes of afferent synapses. Large dense-cored vesicles (80-100 nm) increased twice in number, and electron densities of their cores became more dense as compared with untreated mice. Fluorescent cells appeared in the taste bud of L-DOPA treated mice, whereas no ultrastructural changes were observed. These results suggest that the gustatory cells of the taste bud are capable of taking up and storing monoamines, which might act as neurotransmitters from the gustatory cells to the nerves. PMID- 6967760 TI - Murmurs after bypass surgery. PMID- 6967758 TI - Qualitative and quantitative freeze-fracture studies on olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelial surfaces of frog, ox, rat, and dog. II. Cell apices, cilia, and microvilli. AB - The densities and diameters of intramembranous particles in olfactory and nasal respiratory structures of frog, ox, rat and dog have been compared using the freeze-fracture technique. Dendritic endings and the various segments of the cilia of the olfactory receptor cells of a given species have identical particle densities (700--1,800 particles/micrometers2 in P- and 100--600 in E-faces). Densities in P-faces of respiratory cilia are about 1/3 of those in the olfactory cilia. E-face particle densities of these respiratory cilia are often higher than P-face densities. Microvillus P-face densities range from 700--2,000 (respiratory cell microvilli) to 1,800--3,400 particles/micrometers2 (olfactory supporting and Bowman's gland microvilli). Microvillus E-faces show no conspicuous mutual differences. Literature comparisons showed that odour concentrations at threshold are considerably lower (10(5)--10(10) times) than the concentrations of olfactory receptor ending intramembranous particles (5 microM--30 microM) expressed in the same units. Relative differences in particle distributions of the various cell structures studied are usually species-independent. Absolute values vary considerably with the species. Relative P-face particle densities of the supporting cell microvilli tend to correlate with those of dendritic ending structures. Particle diameters are usually similar to corresponding structures and fracture faces in the four species. Apical structures of supporting and Bowman's gland cells in rat and dog show rod-shaped particle aggregates in the P- and pits in their E-faces. Neither sex-dependency nor an influence related to physiological treatments on the particle distributions could be demonstrated. PMID- 6967759 TI - Normal left ventricular function with total occlusion of right and left main coronary arteries. AB - This report describes a unique case of normal left ventricular function in a patient with total proximal occlusion of the entire native coronary circulation in addition to an occluded left anterior descending bypass graft. Coronary flow was maintained by a sequential saphenous vein graft to the obtuse marginal and posterior descending arteries, with collateral filling of the left anterior descending vessel. Myocardial function was preserved, presumably because of the relatively gradual process of native coronary occlusion, allowing time for development of adequate collateral perfusion. PMID- 6967762 TI - Age-dependent changes of B-cell reactivity and T cell-T cell interaction in the in vitro antibody response. PMID- 6967761 TI - Comparative migration of guinea pig T and B lymphocytes from capillary tubes. PMID- 6967763 TI - Immunorestoration of old mice by injection of thymus extract: enhancement of T cell-T cell cooperation in the in vitro antibody response. PMID- 6967764 TI - B-cell subsets in autoimmunity: an autoimmune hemolytic response to mouse erythrocytes is modulated by the CBA/N defect and anti-Lyb3 antisera. PMID- 6967765 TI - Virus-specific proliferative T-cell responses: parameters and specificity. PMID- 6967766 TI - Role of the H-2I region in the generation of an antiviral cytotoxic T-cell response in vitro. PMID- 6967767 TI - B-cell subsets responsive to fluorescein-conjugated antigens. II. "Cross-priming" and its elimination by bromodeoxyuridine and light. PMID- 6967768 TI - Comparison of ligand-specific rat allosensitized lymphocyte insulin receptors as assessed in binding and functional (lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity) assays. PMID- 6967769 TI - Carrageenan-induced decline of natural killer activity. I. In vitro activation of adherent non-T-suppressor cells. PMID- 6967770 TI - Relationships between cell-mediated immunity and the IgE antibody response. I. Lymphotoxin production to DNP-Ascaris conjugates. PMID- 6967771 TI - Immunosuppressive antilymphocyte serum. IV. Characterization of a T-cell-specific antibody that shifts T-Lymphocyte subpopulations in vivo. PMID- 6967772 TI - Reduced T-lymphocyte cell reactivity as a function of human aging. PMID- 6967773 TI - Murine T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic and allogeneic cell lines induced by fetal calf serum. PMID- 6967774 TI - The ability of hapten-conjugated cells to induce cell-mediated cytotoxicity is affected by the mode of hapten linkage. PMID- 6967776 TI - [Ocular manifestations of Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 6967775 TI - [Examination of color signals using a new apparatus]. PMID- 6967777 TI - Octanol and octanoate induced inhibition of the mechanical activity of isolated frog skeletal muscles. AB - Octanol (1 mM) or octanoate (10 mM) almost totally depress the contraction amplitude of directly stimulated muscles in a few minutes. Octanoate in a concentration of 2 mM/l decreases the contraction amplitude by 20% and retards the caffeine contracture. The ratio between twitch and tetanus is affected by octanol only. The results suggest that octanol and octanoate alter binding or releasing properties for Ca2+ of skeletal muscle cells. PMID- 6967778 TI - [Boynton's method in acquired color blindness. II- Study of the neutral zones]. PMID- 6967779 TI - [Determination of the thresholds of color mechanisms. Clinical application of Stiles' method]. PMID- 6967780 TI - [A case of luxation of the anterior cystalline lens endured for 6 years]. PMID- 6967781 TI - Diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Current techniques for diagnosing perioperative myocardial infarction were studied in 58 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery. All patients had preoperative and postoperative ECGs and technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams; serum CK-MB was measured immediately after surgery and daily for 3 days. Postoperative bypass graft visualization and left ventriculography were performed before hospital discharge in every patient. Nine patients (16%) had new Q waves postoperatively. Five of these nine patients had positive pyrophosphate scintigrams, postive CK-MB and new wall motion abnormalities, and the remaining four had negative CK-MB, negative phyrophosphate scintigrams and no new wall motion abnormalities. Seven patients (12%) had newly positive postoperative pyrophosphate scintigrams, positive CK-MB and new wall motion abnormalities on postoperative ventriculography, but only four had new Q waves postoperatively. Eight patients (14%) had new wall motion abnormalities; seven had positive pyrophosphate scintigrams and all had positive CK-MB, but only five had new Q waves. Sixteen patients (28%) had positive CK-MB, including all patients with either positive pyrophosphate scintigrams or new wall motion abnormalities, Eight patients had positive CK-MB without other evidence of perioperative infarction. A newly positive postoperative pyrophosphate scintigram is more senstive and specific than the development of new postoperative Q waves for the diagnosis of hemodynamically significatn perioperative myocardial in farction. CK-MB is highly sensitive, but too nonspecific to be useful for the diagnosis of perioperative infarction. PMID- 6967782 TI - Immunochemical and biological studies on two molecular variants of pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) SP1 alpha and SP1 beta. AB - Analytical crossed immunoelectrophoresis was performed to examine the relationship of a high molecular mass alpha 2 mobile glycoprotein (SP1 alpha) which is immunochemically identifiable with pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1 beta). There was no evidence for any reaction of SP1 alpha with antisera to normal human serum protein, nor for complex formation following incubation with normal serum proteins. The half-life of SP1 alpha was apparently shorter than that of SP1 beta after delivery of the placenta. PMID- 6967784 TI - Production of human antithyroglobulin in vitro. I. Stimulation by mitogens. PMID- 6967783 TI - A specific competitive protein binding assay for serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in normal children and patients with nephrotic syndrome. AB - A specific competitive protein binding assay for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, followed by high pressure liquid chromatography with normal rat kidney cytosol as the binding protein, was developed. The mean concentrations of serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D of the cord, in newborn infants and in infants under 12 months of age were 0.90 +/- 0.40 (S.D.) ng/ml, 0.52 +/- 0.21 (S.D.) ng/ml and 1.20 +/- 0.38 (S.D.) ng/ml, respectively. These concentrations were significantly lower than those in children aged 1-15 years (1.96 +/- 0.83 (S.D.) ng/ml). The serum levels in the acute stage of the nephrotic syndrome were significantly reduced, and they increased in remission. These results show that patients wioth nephrotic syndrome have low levels of serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This is probably due to its loss in the urine. PMID- 6967785 TI - Genetic differences in the cyclophosphamide-induced immune suppression: weaker suppression of T-cell cytotoxicity by cyclophosphamide activated by CBA mice. PMID- 6967786 TI - Target cell subpopulations for human thymic epithelial conditioned medium in the mouse thymus. PMID- 6967787 TI - Natural killing in systemic lupus erythematosus: inhibitory effects of serum. PMID- 6967788 TI - A case of "common variable immunodeficiency" with reduced C2 activity and multiple associations. PMID- 6967789 TI - In vitro analysis of humoral immunity in antibody deficiency with normal immunoglobulins. PMID- 6967790 TI - Reduced T-lymphocyte subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus: effects of immune complexes and lymphocytotoxic antibodies. PMID- 6967791 TI - Presence of human B-lymphocyte antigens on adult T-cell leukemia cells. PMID- 6967793 TI - Immunotherapy in cancer treatment. A comparative study with chronic muco cutaneous candidiasis. PMID- 6967792 TI - Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and dysproteinemia associated with lymphoma. PMID- 6967795 TI - Intratumor host cells of experimental rat neoplasms: characterization and effector function. PMID- 6967794 TI - DMSO: hope or hoax? PMID- 6967796 TI - Tumor-localizing lymphocytotoxic antibodies. PMID- 6967797 TI - Correlations between tumor antigenicity, malignant potential, and local host immune response. PMID- 6967798 TI - Host cell analysis of a rapidly metastasizing mouse tumor and derived low metastatic variant lines. PMID- 6967799 TI - Tumor immunity in the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 6967800 TI - Immunologic reactivity of lymphoid cells in tumors. PMID- 6967801 TI - Separation and characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in man. PMID- 6967802 TI - [Pimafucort in the treatment of recurrent aphthae]. PMID- 6967803 TI - [Portal hypertension-pre- and post operative therapy]. PMID- 6967804 TI - [Emergency surgery in portal hypertension]. PMID- 6967805 TI - [Hemorrhaging of esophageal varices associated with osteomyelosclerosis]. AB - A hemorrhage from esophageal varices is a rare complication of osteomyelosclerosis. Treatment and pathogenesis of this life-threatening complication is controversial. Following splenectomy in two patients, esophageal varices and ascites disappeared. The theory of an increased portal blood flow secondary to splenomegaly is supported with these two cases. PMID- 6967806 TI - [Reaction between para-aminobenzoic acid and DNA in vitro]. PMID- 6967807 TI - The audiovestibular test battery for vertigo. PMID- 6967808 TI - Neurologic aspects of vertigo. PMID- 6967809 TI - [Behavior of the fibrin-stabilizing blood coagulation factor XIII in hemorrhages after tooth extractions]. AB - The influence of the fibrin-stabilizing coagulation factor XIII is necessary for the formation of a stable blood clot. The factor is not included in the usual global coagulation tests. The presence of lowered concentrations of this factor can be congenital or acquired as a result of various diseases. A lowered concentration of factor XIII was demonstrated in six patients with otherwise normal coagulation tests during a secondary hemorrhage a few days after an extraction. The hemorrhage was attributed to the lowered resistance of the instable blood clot over against the fibrinolytic characteristics of the buccal cavity milieu. PMID- 6967810 TI - Age and seasonal variations in the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in normal humans. AB - Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D [24,25-(OH)2-D] were measured in lipid extracts of 1 ml of human sera by a competitive protein binding assay. 25-OH-D and 24,25-(OH)2-D were isolated from th lipid extracts by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The 24,25-(OH)2-D fraction on the Sephadex LH-20 columns were further purified by high pressure liquid chromatography prior to assay. Serum levels of 25-OH-D and 24,25-(OH)2-D in normal males were similar to those in normal females throughout each age group. Serum levels of 25-OH-D and 24,25 (OH)2-D in newborns were 8.28 +/- 1.68 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) and 0.55 +/- 0.16 ng/ml, respectively, which were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those in adults (21.3 +/- 4.8 ng/ml of 25-OH-D and 1.55 +/- 0.31 ng/ml of 24,25-(OH)2-D). A seasonal variation was demonstrated in serum levels of 24,25-(OH)2-D as well as those of 25-OH-D. Serum levels of 24,25-(OH)2-D were highly correlated (gamma=0.884, p<0.001) with those of 25-OH-D in normal human subjects, and the percentage ratio of 24,25-(OH)2-D/25-OH-D was 7.4 +/- 1.4% (mean +/- SD), irrespective of age or seasonal variations. PMID- 6967811 TI - Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and the source of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the mucosa. AB - Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue has major morphologic and functional similarities to Peyer's patches found in the gut. Both possess a lymphoepithelium with selective antigen sampling properties, both appear in the apparent absence of direct antigen stimulation, both contain a high percentage of cells bearing IgA sdurface immunoglobulin and both can repopulate the bronchial and gut lamina propria with IgA containing cells. Good evidence now exists (and will be reviewed) in support of the concept of a common mucosal immunologic system. Cells potentially sensitized at or in a mucosal tissue such as the gut or lung would then migrate to the draining lymph node, thence into the circulation and localize in a variety of mucosal tissues. Factors involved but not essential for such localization include antigen. Lymphoblasts derived from the lung tend to go back to the lung. Similarly, gut derived lymphoblasts have a predilection for the gut. However, available evidence supports the concept of integrated systemic and mucosal immune systems. Several factors must be taken into account in analysis of the products of local mucosal immune reactions and in developing approaches to achieve optimal humoral immunity at any mucosal surface. PMID- 6967812 TI - Immunological aspects of exposure to emissions from burning coal of high beryllium content. PMID- 6967813 TI - Generation of effector cells from T cell subsets. II. Lyt 123 T cells contain the precursors for all primary cytotoxic effector cells and for cells involved in the regulation of cytotoxic responses. AB - Mixed responder populations, consisting of selected Lyt-2,3+ cells and unselected T cells from two congenic mouse strains differing in their Lyt-2,3 alleles, were used to study the role of Lyt-1,2,3+ cells in the generation of cytotoxic effector cells in vitro. The fact that, under these conditions, all primary alloreactive and H-2-restricted killer cells ar generated from the unselected T cell population and not from the selected Lyt-2,3+ subset is demonstrated. Isolated, unsensitized Lyt-2,3+ cells are able to produce primary alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) when incubated with alloantigen alone, but appear to be suppressed in the pesence of Lyt-1,2,3+ cells. In contrast, mixtures of Lyt 2,3+ cells selected from C57BL/6 T cells previously primed to alloantigen in vitro, and unselected T cells from the Lyt-2,3-congenic partner after exposure to the same antigen give rise to cytotoxic effector cells which derive mainly from the primed Lyt-2,3+ cell pool and not from the unselected T cell population. Both populations were able to generate CTL when sensitized separately with the alloantigen. The data suggest that Lyt-1,2,3+ cells contain all primary precursors for both H-2 restricted and alloreactive killer cells, as well as lymphocytes suppressing the formation of cytotoxic effector cells from unsensitized Lyt-2,3+ cells. The Lyt-2,3+ cell pool most likely contains the secondary CTL precursors. In addition, the same antigen-primed Lyt-2,3+ pool contains suppressor cells which inhibit the formation of primary CTL from Lyt 1,2,3+ cells. The data are discussed with respect to the regulation of cytotoxic responses. PMID- 6967814 TI - Molecular identification of T cell-specific antigens on human T lymphocytes and thymocytes. AB - We have identified membrane glycoproteins which carry T cell-specific antigens on human T lymphocytes and thymocytes. Purified cells were surface-labeled with NaB3H4 after treatment with neuraminidase and galactose oxidase. Immunoprecipitations were performed with rabbit anti-human T cell-specific antibodies using coprecipitation with protein A-containing staphylococci strain Cowan I. The labeled membrane glycoproteins and the precipitates were subjected to polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorography. The antibodies specifically precipitated 4 proteins called GP 200, GP 180, GP 165 and GP 160 (mol. wts. = 200,000, 180,000, 165,000 and 160,000) from surface-labeled T lymphocytes and low-density (medullary) thymocytes. The GP 200 and GP 180 were not labeled on high-density (cortical) thymocytes. A protein with a mol. wt. of 45,000 was precipitated from thymocytes. Another glycoprotein on T lymphocytes and thymocytes with a mol. wt. similar to that of mouse and rat Thy-1 or theta antigen (mol. wt. 24,000) reacted with the antibodies. PMID- 6967815 TI - Cross-protection and cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells induced by influenza virus vaccines in mice. AB - Subunit and intact influenza A virus vaccines have been compared with infectious virus in a mouse model for their ability to induce memory for cross-reactive cytotoxic T cell responses and to protect mice from challenge with different subtypes of influenza A virus. There is an overall correlation between secondary cytotoxic T cell responses and cross-protection. The most long-lasting and successful cross-protection was observed after intranasal infection with influenza virus A/X31 (H3 N2) that replicates efficiently in mice and induces high levels of memory for cross-reactive cytotoxic T cell responses. Short lasting cross-protection and low levels of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity were associated with infection by A/USSR (H1 N1) virus, that replicates to lower titers in mice, or after multiple injections of inactivated whole virus vaccine. No cross-protection to challenge with heterologous influenza virus was detectable after 1-2 injections of HANA influenza subunit vaccine which failed to prime hosts for cytotoxic T cell responses. These findings may have important implications for vaccination strategy. If cytotoxic T cells play a role in the protection of humans from influenza, live attenuated vaccines should be considered instead of the currently recommended inactivated virus or subunit vaccines. PMID- 6967816 TI - Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Similarities between the cells of the third population and TG lymphocytes. AB - The ultrastructural and cytochemical features of human peripheral blood TG cells (T cells with receptors IgG) and of the cells of the so-called third population (non-T, non-B cells with high avidity receptors for IgG) have been investigated and compared. Both TG and third-population cells (TPC) contained acid hydrolases with a paranuclear localization of alpha-naphthyl acid esterase, beta glucuronidase or acid phosphatase. At the electron microscopy level, TG and TPC were indistinguishable and displayed rough cell surface, indented nuclei, abundant cytoplasm with predominance of the smooth over the rough membranes and peroxidase-negative granules. A large proportion of cells of the TPC could form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes after treatment with neuraminidase. The observed close similarities between TG and TPC may suggest that both cell types belong to a special subset of T cells. However, the alternative hypothesis that both TG and TPC are part of a subset unrelated to T cells, such as a new non-T, non-B cell population, or even of the monocytic-macrophage lineage, is also discussed. PMID- 6967817 TI - Regulation of B cell immunoglobulin secretion by functional subsets of T lymphocytes in man. AB - Two distinct immunoregulatory T cell subsets, termed T4+ and T5+, have been defined in man by monoclonal antibodies. Prior studies have shown that the T4+ T cell population provided help for B cell immunoglobulin (Ig) production and was required for generation of T5+ cytotoxic effector cells. In the present study, the regulatory effects of the T5+ T cell subset on B cell Ig secretion were determined in a pokeweed mitogen-driven system. It was found that the T5+ subset, in contrast to the T4+ subset, was incapable of providing help to B cells and, more importantly, could suppress Ig secretion by B cells in the presence of T4+ inducer T cells, Given earlier studies demonstrating that the T5+ T cell subset suppressed T cell responses as well, this population appears to represent the major suppressor subset in man for T-T and T-B interactions. PMID- 6967818 TI - Comparison of human urine gastric inhibitor (HUGI) and bacterial endotoxin as inhibitors of acid secretion. AB - In conscious cats with gastric fistulas, 10 micrograms . kg-1 of human urinary gastric inhibitor (HUGI) given as an intravenous bolus injection increased mean rectal temperature 1.4 degree C and inhibited mean gastrin-stimulated acid secretion by 64%. The sample of HUGI contained an amount of beta-hydroxymyristic acid corresponding to a 5% contamination of the HUGI with bacterial endotoxin. Injection of bacterial endotoxin in an amount corresponding to the beta hydroxymyritic acid content of HUGI mimicked, both in magnitude and time course, the increase in body temperature and the inhibition of acid secretion produced by HUGI. We conclude that inhibition of acid secretion by HUGI may be due to the presence of an endotoxin-like contaminant. PMID- 6967819 TI - [Absence of T lymphocyte functions in athymic nude rats (author's transl)]. AB - Immunological characterization of nude rats (rnu/rnu) of outbred hooded stock was attempted. Antibody responses of IgM and IgG classes against thymus-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells (SRBC), were detected in heterozygous (+/rnu) rats but were totally lacking in homozygous (rnu/rnu) nude rats. When mouse Sarcoma 180 was transplanted, tumor cells were not taken by heterozygous rats but grew in nuce rats for more than 30 days showing marked tumor growth. Mitotic response to T-cell mitogens, concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, was seen in spleen cells of heterozygous but not of nude rats. It was concluded that the T-cell function is lacking in these nude rats. PMID- 6967820 TI - Epidermal growth factor-induced alterations in proliferating mouse epithelial cells. PMID- 6967821 TI - Correlation of receptors for growth factors on mouse embryonal carcinoma cells with growth in serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium. PMID- 6967822 TI - Diminished response of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in mice after sensitisation with bacterial cell-wall components. AB - The secondary induction of serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by structurally unrelated and chemically highly purified bacterial cell wall components (BCWC) was studied. Homologous challenge of mice 7 days after treatment with lipid A, lipoprotein or murein failed to increase serum GM-CSF levels and the extent of the decreased responsiveness was dependent upon the dose used for the initial injection. Lipid A-induced decreased responsiveness took 48 hours to develop and remained fully expressed approximately up to day 7 following injection. Then responsiveness reappeared gradually and was virtually normal 4 weeks after injection. Lipoprotein-induced decreased responsiveness developed in a similar manner but peristed maximally over the whole 8 week period studied. The decreased responsiveness induced by the injection, 7 days previously of either lipid A or lipoprotein was not specific as cross-challenge also failed to elevated GM-CSF to normal levels. On the other hand, 7 weeks after priming the lipoprotein induced decreased responsiveness was found to be specific. Mixing experiments failed to show increased levels of GM-CSF inhibitors in the serum from mice injected 7 days previously with lipid A and decreased responsiveness could not be transferred with serum to normal recipients. Similarly the lowered GM-CSF response to lipoprotein could not be transferred wth serum collected 7 weeks after primary injection. Medium conditioned by spleens from mice injected with lipid A contained less detectable GM-CSF than medium conditioned by normal spleens, but a variety of other organs did not show this difference. Mixing experiments failed to show significant differences in GM-CSF inhibitory activity between the two types of spleen conditioned media. PMID- 6967823 TI - The myeloid progenitor cell: a parallel study of subpopulations in human marrow and peripheral blood. AB - Ten persons who had no evident hematologic disorder or previous history of chemotherapy or irradiation were studied. Parallel in vitro agar cultures from marrow and peripheral blood were grown, colonies and clusters were scored and examined morphologically after 7 and 14 days of incubation. Mean marrow myeloid progenitor cell (CFUc) incidences after 7 and 14 days were 76 +/- 55.4 S.D. and 37.3 +/- 22.0 S.D. per 10(5)ficoll-hypaque interface cells respectively. Most of the colonies on day 7 were neutrophilic (median 86%). Eosinophil colonies made up only a minority (0%-2%) of the total number of colonies. By day 14 a decrease in neutrophil colonies (median 6%) and a rise in eosinophil colonies (median 37%) was observed. Most of the colonies on day 14 were mixed neutrophil-macrophage colonies (median 55%). Parallel studies from blood revealed no colony growth on day 7 except on one occasion. The mean cluster incidence was 1.1 +/- 0.9 S.D. per 10(5) mononuclear cells. Most of these colonies were identified as eosinophilic (median 83%). The relative incidence of various subpopulations of myeloid progenitor cells in marrow and blood is different. Cluster transplantation from peripheral blood cultures strongly suggests the possibility for separate eosinophil progenitor cells. However a possibility of a rare occurrence of bipotent neutrophil-eosinophil colony forming cell can not be completely excluded. PMID- 6967825 TI - Plasmodium yoelii: the thymus-dependent lymphocyte in mice immunodepressed by malaria. PMID- 6967824 TI - Somatotopic representation of eye muscle proprioception within the superior colliculus of the lamb. PMID- 6967826 TI - Isolation of canine alpha 1-antitrypsin: its interaction with pulmonary macrophages. PMID- 6967827 TI - [Problems of aerosol use in pediatrics]. PMID- 6967828 TI - The bacterial factors which stimulate neutrophils may be derived from procaryote signal peptides. PMID- 6967829 TI - 2'-Deoxyadenosine functionally uncouples adenylate cyclase from the guanyl nucleotide subunit without altering simultaneous GppNHp occupancy. PMID- 6967830 TI - Specific nuclear uptake of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a vitamin D3 metabolite biologically active in cartilage. PMID- 6967831 TI - A freeze-substitution method for localizing divalent cations: examples from secretory systems. AB - This paper presents a simple method for localizing calcium in its natural distribution. This method depends on freeze-substituting rapid-frozen tissue, and combines the spatial precision of conventional plastic sections with the reliable calcium localization characteristic of direct freezing methods. Calcium is retained in the tissue during freeze-substitution and subsequent processing, and its distribution in frog skeletal muscle suggests that it is not displaced during tissue processing or in the electron probe. Examples of new findings with this method are the presence of a postsynaptic sequestration system for cations entering at the neuromuscular junction, and a nonmitochondrial system in nerve muscle synapses that sequesters cations entering during depolarization-secretion coupling. PMID- 6967832 TI - [A case of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency with male pseudohermaphroditism (author's transl)]. AB - A 17-year-old youth was admitted because of proteinuria noted during a routine examination at his high school. His parents and three siblings were living in good health and there was no familial tendency to hypertension and no consanguinity. On physical examination, he was 161cm in height and weighed 43Kg, and his facial expression was female-like. Neither webbed neck nor cubitus valgus was noticed. Severe hypertension ranging from 190/120 to 230/130 was noted. No axillary or pubic hair was present, and the breasts were prepubertal in size. A gynecological examination revealed the presence of labia and vagina. Laboratory findings on admission were summarized as follows: The urine gave a (-)--(+) test for protein, renal function was revealed as normal, serum potassium ranged from 3.2 to 4.2mEq/L, the specimen of arterial blood showed pH 7.421, and an electrocardiogram revealed left ventricular hypertrophy and U wave changes in leads V2, V3, V4. X-rays showed a bone age of 12 years, and chromosome analysis revealed a karyo type of 46,XY. Endocrinological studies confirming the presence of a 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency were summarized as follows: 1) Plasma ACTH was markedly elevated. 2) Plasma renin activity was markedly suppressed showing no response to exercise. 3) Plasma progesteron, plasma DOC and plasma corticosteron were extremely high. In contrast, plasma aldosteron was extremely low. 4) Plasma 17 alpha-OH progesteron and plasma cortisol were markedly reduced. Urinary excretion of 17-OHCS was extremely low. 5) Plasma testosteron and urinary 17-KS were markedly reduced. The patient was treated with 2mg then 1mg dexamethasone daily for half a year. After one month of therapy, the blood pressure was down to 160/100mmHg, and the serum potassium had risen from 3.2mEq/liter to 5.6mEq/liter. Plasma progesteron, plasma DOC, plasma corticosteron and plasma ACTH decreased to a normal level. Subsequently suppressed plasma renin activity elevated to a normal value. After 6 weeks of this treatment, a laparotomy was performed. Ovaries and uterus were absent, but bilateral testes were found at the external inguinal ring. Microscopic examination of the testis showed Sertoli cell adenoma. We have reported here a case of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency with male pseudohermaphoriditism and discussed the endocrinological data and histological findings of the testis. PMID- 6967833 TI - Generating diversity of T-cells by somatic mutation of germ-line genes. PMID- 6967834 TI - Chicken lymphocyte FCR binding properties of IgG from avian and non-avian species. PMID- 6967835 TI - Thymocyte reconstitution of athymic and athymic-asplenic mice: graft rejection and antibody synthesis. AB - Hereditarily athymic and athymic-asplenic mice were reconstituted with syngeneic thymocytes at various times prior to and after tumor challenge. These mice were able to reject heterotransplanted human tumors in as little as 19 days after thymocyte transfer but were unable to do so when the thymocytes were given 7 days after tumor implantation. The humoral immunity of athymic nude mice was fully restored as determined by the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), a thymocyte-dependent antigen. Athymic-asplenic mice failed to respond to SRBC after reconstitution and this was attributed to the absence of the spleen in these mice. PMID- 6967837 TI - Effects of vestibular stimulation on motor development of cerebral-palsied children. AB - Twenty cerebral-palsied children ranging in age from eight to 56 months and covering most diagnostic categories were allocated to a treatment group or to a control group after having been matched into pairs. Those in the treatment group received 16 sessions of controlled vestibular stimulation over a four-week period, while the control children did not. Motor function was measured one week and 18 weeks after treatment, and the same gains were found for the control and experimental groups. These results conflict with a recent report that vestibular stimulation is an effective therapy for cerebral-palsied children. PMID- 6967836 TI - Effects of vitamin D metabolites on cellular Ca2+ and on Ca transport in primary cultures of bone cells. AB - Both 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) and 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25(OH)2D3) exerted direct effects on Ca2+ transport and accumulation in primary cultures of bone cells. The following changes were recorded. (1) A significant decrease in the amount of intracellular exchangeable Ca2+. (2) A marked increase in the rate constants of efflux from the 'slow' turnover intracellular Ca pool. (3) A marked increase in the 'initial rate' of Ca influx into the cells. Thus, vitamin D metabolites caused an increase in the turnover of Ca2+ in bone cells and altered the steady-stae level of intracellular exchangeable Ca2+. Whereas the changes in the rate of efflux were abolished in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis, the increase in the rate of influx was not sensitive to these inhibitors. It is suggested that the changes in the two fluxes were mediated by different mechanisms and that the changes in influx were due to a direct effect of vitamin D metabolites on the cellular membranes. PMID- 6967838 TI - Immunoregulatory T-cell function in acute and chronic liver disease. AB - The suppressor function of T cells separated from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with acute or chronic liver disease was evaluated by using, as an indicator system, pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro. Suppressor activity of T cells was enhanced during the recovery phase in 13 or 17 patients who have recovered from acute viral hepatitis. When such T cells were irradiated before coculture, the suppressor function was selectively eliminated, but the helper T-cell function remained unchanged. In serial studies, normalization of the excess suppressor function of T cells was observed when the liver function of an acute viral hepatitis patient returned to the normal range. Except for chronic active liver disease, in which the suppressor activity of T cells was substantially reduced in 50% of the patients studied. the studies indicated normal T-cell functions, both suppressor and helper, in other liver diseases such as chronic persistent hepatitis, inactive cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease. These data sugest that the host immunoregulatory mechanism might be important in recovering from acute viral hepatitis and in perpetuating hepatocyte injury in chronic active liver disease. PMID- 6967839 TI - Duodenal erosion of a mesocaval graft: an unusual complication of mesocaval shunt interposition surgery. AB - A patient with recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding after having a "C" shaped mesocaval shunt created is reported. During endoscopic examination, the graft was seen to have eroded into the duodenal lumen. This rare complication of mesocaval shunts may become more common with the increaseing use of "C"-shaped grafts. PMID- 6967841 TI - [The influence of transcerebral impulse current on labour pain and the course of delivery (author's transl)]. AB - 107 Patients have been treated by the method of central electrostimulation during delivery. Weak electric current (1,5-3,0 miA) has been applied between fronto occipital electrodes. In 82% of the patients a sedative effect was observed or reported. A reduction of labour pain took place in 72,8%. An additional effect was the distinct reduction of 50%, concerning the time of labour under this method, compared with a control group of the clinic. PMID- 6967840 TI - Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni: a cause of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - A patient is described with Campylobacter enteritis complicated by massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding from multiple mucosal ulcers in the terminal ileum and at the ileocecal valve. Repeated stool cultures and antibiotic therapy may be indicated in certain patients to diminish the morbidity arising from what may seem to be mild disease. In patients who suffer bleeding complications, arteriography before surgery is necessary to demonstrate an otherwise grossly indefinable source of bleeding. PMID- 6967842 TI - In vitro biosynthesis of steroids from progesterone by the ovaries and pyloric ceca of the starfish Asterias rubens. PMID- 6967843 TI - Metabolism of 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 by chick chorioallantoic cells in culture. PMID- 6967844 TI - Effect of temperature on the transport of triiodothyronine (T3) into liver nuclei of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles in Vivo. PMID- 6967845 TI - [T- and B-lymphocytes and the A, M and G immunoglobulins in women with malignant neoplasms of the genital organs]. PMID- 6967846 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum in childhood]. PMID- 6967847 TI - [Effects of mianserin on functions of ascending and descending monoaminergic systems, using experimental models (author's transl)]. AB - Studies were carried out to evaluate the antidepressant action of Mianserin as related to noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. The actions of known tricyclic anti-depressants were comparatively investigated together with Mianserin (Organon). Self-stimulation behavior induced by stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus and substantia nigra was unaffected by Mianserin and imipramine, was suppressed with chlorpromazine and markedly enhanced by methamphetamine. The enhancement due to methamphetamine was suppressed by both Mianserin and chlorpromazine, and was potentiated by imipramine. Mianserin, imipramine and amitriptyline enhanced the rolling movements induced by methamphetamine in rats in which the nigro-striatal dopaminergic system was destroyed by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. The excitation induced by ldopa administration, of isocarboxazid treated mouse was enhanced by Mianserin in doses over 25 mg/kg and by imipramine or amitriptyline. The excitation of MK-486 treated mouse, induced by L-5HTP was suppressed by Mianserin, nortriptyline augmented the excitation. The head twitches induced by 5HTP were reduced to 1/10 in onset frequency by Mianserin, 1 mg/kg, p.o. The suppressive potency of amitriptyline in this model was less than 1/5 of that of Mianserin. The potentiation of the flexor reflex of hind limbs of the spinal rat induced by the pretreatment with isocarboxazid and l dopa, 20 hours after the reserpinization, was markedly suppressed by Mianserin and amitriptyline, but unaffected by imipramine nor chlorimipramine. The potentiation of the extensor reflex of hind limbs of the spinal rat, induced 20 hours after the reserpinization by pretreatment with isocarboxazid and 5-HTP was suppressed by Mianserin, even in a low dose of 0.5 mg/kg, and by amitriptyline in a dose of 10 mg/kg. As far as monoaminergic mechanisms are concerned, the mode of antidepresant action of Mianserin is probably different from that of tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 6967848 TI - Effect of gonadectomy on hepatic, lung and intestinal mixed function monooxygenase enzymes in the rat. AB - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECD) activities of microsomes from liver, lungs, and intestine of control and gonadectomized male and female rats were examined. Estradiol-treated ovariectomized female rats and testosterone-treated castrated male rats were also employed. Castration decreased hepatic AHH and ECD activities by 50% and 27%, respectively, whereas ovariectomy had no effect on these enzymes. Testosterone treatment of castrated male animals returned AHH and ECD activities to control values. Estradiol treatment of the ovariectomized female rats had no effect on the activities of these two enzymes. Gonadectomy of either sex did not alter AHH or ECD activities in microsomes from lungs and intestinal mucosa. No sex differences in lung AHH activities or lung and intestinal ECD activities were noted. AHH activities of liver and intestinal mucosa were greater by 86% and 42%, respectively, in male rats as compared to the female rats. Castration decreased the hepatic cytochrome P-450 content by 15%, while ovariectomy had no effect. The hepatic cytochrome P-450 content of control male rats was 27% higher than in the females. Organ specific alterations of mixed function monooxygenase enzymes occur with castration of male animals but not following ovariectomy of female rats. PMID- 6967849 TI - Pokeweed mitogen inhibition of protein synthesis in cultured lymphoblastoid lines. AB - Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and ricin are both lectins derived from plant seeds. They are glycoproteins and share the ability to agglutinate a variety of animal cells including erythrocytes. The effect of these two lectins on protein synthesis was studied in four long-term lymphoblastoid lines (8866 and GM1531, which are B cell lines; and CCRF/CEM and MOLT 4, which are T-cell lines). Ricin (50 micrograms/ml) completely inhibited protein synthesis by 2 hr in both B-cell and T-cell lines as measured by the uptake to [3H]leucine. The PWM appeared more specific and at a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml inhibited protein synthesis only in B-cell lines (8866 and GM1531). This effect was maximal at 5 hr. To investigate the reason for the differential effect of PWM on T and B cells, 125I-labeled PWM was incubated with 8866, MOLT 4, and CCRF/CEM to see if a significant difference in binding to B cells and T cells could be demonstrated. It does not appear that differential effect on T and B cells is due to a difference in the amount of PWM bound. On the other hand it is possible that the B cells may bind some toxic subcomponent of the PWM preparation that the T cells do no bind because of a difference in composition or arrangement of cell surface glycoproteins. PMID- 6967850 TI - Lack of expression on cultured human T-lymphocytes of a T-cell antigen shared by the MOLT-4 cell line and normal human thymocytes. AB - Four hematopoietic cell lines (CCRF-CEM, HSB-2, MOLT-4, and RPMI-8402), derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia and expressing T-cell surface markers (T-HCL), were studied with two specific anti-T-cell sera. The sera were raised in rabbits against human thymocytes (anti-HTY) and against T-cell cultured in the presence of conditioned medium derived from lymphocytes stimulated with PHA (anti-CTC). Both sera were absorbed to obtain a T-cell specific pattern of reaction and were further absorbed with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes or with each of the four T-HCL. The anti-HTY sera absorbed with CEM, 8402, and HSB-2 still reacted with MOLT-4. A similar pattern of reactivity was found only with the anti-CTC absorbed with 8402, whereas, after absorptions with the other cell lines, this antiserum was unreactive against MOLT-4. After absorption with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, anti-HTY still reacted with thymocytes and MOLT-4 but was negative on CTC. In contrast, anti-CTC absorbed with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was negative on thymocytes and MOLT-4 but still reacted against CTC. Our data confirm the existence of a T-cell antigen (probably an early T-cell differentiation antigen) shared between thymus and MOLT-4. This antigen is not expressed on CTC, although these cells express an antigenic pattern more complex than PBL. Antisera to CTC represents a source of anti-T cell sera free of contamination with antibodies to early thymus-related antigens but containing other T-cell-related specificities. PMID- 6967851 TI - The relationship between mitogen-induced rosette formation and the ability of expressing alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity by mouse thymocytes. AB - Some percentage of mouse thymocytes have been shown to display positive ANAE reaction and some to form mitogen-induced rosettes with SRBC. Both types of cells are not homogeneous with regard to their density. Above 90% of rosette forming cells are simultaneously ANAE positive. Cells with such characteristics are more resistant to hydrocortisone than cells carrying ANAE marker but being negative in terms of rosette formation. The role of ANAE positive and rosette forming cells played in the course of thymocyte differentiation is discussed. PMID- 6967852 TI - Shifts in tumor cell phenotypes induced by signals from the microenvironment. Relevance for the immunobiology of cancer metastasis. PMID- 6967853 TI - Monoclonal anti thy 1.2 antibodies from hybridoma HO13-4 do not react with mouse natural killer cells. AB - The susceptibility of NK cells and immune cytotoxic T-cells to treatment with (a) monoclonal anti thy 1.2 antibodies from hybridoma HO13-4, (b) rabbit anti-mouse T cell antiserum and (c) gamma globulins prepared from AKR/J anti C3H/HeJ antiserum was studied in the presence of rabbit complement. Monoclonal anti thy 1.2 antibody treatment completely abolished the cytotoxic activity of immune T-cells derived from C57BL/6J mice (H-2b) immunized with (C57BL/6J x DBA/2)F1 spleen cells (H-2bd) against P815 (H-2d) target cells. The same treatment had no significant effect on the NK activity of spleen cells from unimmunized mice against YAC target cells. Rabbit anti-mouse T-cell and mouse anti theta antisera also abrogated completely the immune T cell activity of spleen cells. This treatment however also resulted in a partial loss of NK activity. These results indicate that conventional anti theta antisera contain antibodies which recognize antigenic specificities on T-cells as well as on a population of NK cells. The cross reactivity is not a result of thy 1.2 antigen expression on NK cells and T cells as recognized by the monoclonal antibodies. The specificity recognized by the monoclonal antibody (HO13-4) is only expressed on T-cells. PMID- 6967854 TI - A T-cell subpopulation committed to help B cells for immune responses restricted to IgM type. AB - Immune responses againt bovine serum albumin by chicken were dependent upon thymus-derived cells. Thirty-five of seventy chickens that had been neonatally thymectomized and subsequently immunized with bovine serum albumin produced IgM antibodies, but not IgG antibodies, against the antigen. T cells (IgM-T cells) of such chickens were able to help B cells to produce IgM antibody responses but were not able to help them to switch IgM- to IgG-antibody responses. Helper activity of the IgM-T cells was much less susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of anti-thymus cell serum and complement than was that of normal T cells. The introduction of the IgM-T cells into normal chickens at the same time as the initiation of immunization of the chickens did not affect immune responses by them at all, indicating the absence of suppressor T cells in the IgM-T cell preparations. Injection of chicken thymus factor into immunodeficient chickens transplanted with normal B cells and IgM-T cells developed the capability to help B cells to switch IgM- to IgG-antibody responses. On the basis of these findings the authors propose the existence of helper T cells which are characterized by peripheralization in early periods of ontogeny, the possession of helper activity for only IgM-antibody responses, the lack of helper activity for the switch from IgM- to IgG-antibody responses and relative insusceptibility to the cytotoxic effect of anti-thymus cell serum and complement. PMID- 6967855 TI - Ability of an anti-T-cell serum to dissociate two features of cellular hypersensitivity in the guinea-pig. AB - Guinea-pigs immunized with reactive 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) sensitizer in Freund's complete adjuvant develop delayed-onset reactivities to the reactive DNP sensitizer and to DNP protein conjugates as well as to PPD. We have studied the role of various lymph node lymphocyte populations from these animals in producing the lymphokine macrophage agglutination factor (MAggF) and effecting antigen induced blast transformation. The production of MAggF, when elicited by reactive sensitizer or PPD, was readily inhibited by low doses of a particular cytotoxic rabbit and anti-T (thymus-dependent)-lymphocyte serum and complement, while the production of MAggF when elicited by DNP protein conjugate was inhibited only by higher doses of anti-T-cell serum. These results in vitro paralleled earlier observations in vivo. In contrast, PPD induced blast transformation was only inhibited by high doses of anti-T-cell serum and not by low doses. Chromatography of sensitized lymph node cells over anti-Ig-containing columns (to remove B cells) affected neither MAggF production nor blast transformation. Our data suggest that these in vitro responses are mediated by two different subpopulations of T cells. PMID- 6967856 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against HLA-D-region products expressed in monocytes and B lymphocytes. II. HLA-A- or B-antigen compatibility is not required for HLA D-region directed cytotoxicity. AB - When effector cells were produced by sensitization in vitro with HLA-A- and B compatible but HLA-D/DR-incompatible stimulator cells, cytotoxicity apparently was directed against a product of genes closely associated with HLA-D. For effective killing to occur with effector cells against certain minor histocompatibility antigens it is necessary that the effector cells and the target cells be matched for HLA-A or B. We have, therefore, investigated whether sharing of HLA-A or B antigens is needed to obtain efficient lysis with effector cells primed against HLA-D. Good killing was observed with effector cells against HLA-D/DRw3 and against HLA-D/DRw4 whether or not the HLA-A or B antigens were matched. The results indicated that compatibility at HLA-A or B is not required for cell-mediated cytotoxicity against a product of the HLA-D region. The HLA-D region appears to code for products that behave as strong histocompatibility antigens that can by themselves cause cell-mediated killing. PMID- 6967858 TI - Genetic linkage between Lym-1, Sas-1 and Mls loci. PMID- 6967857 TI - Functional studies of the products of H-2L locus. PMID- 6967859 TI - Use of H-2 mutations to quantitate alloreactivity: Alloreactivity is strongest against H-2 antigens which are closet to self. AB - Lymph-node cells from H-2 allogeneic, intra-H-2 recombinant and H-2 mutant congenic strains were sensitized in limiting dilution cultures to quantitate the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequencies (CTL.Pf) against antigens encoded by different regions of the H-2 complex. When four H-2Kb mutants of C57BL/6 (B6) were tested, we observed anti-B6 CTL.Pf that were as high or higher than those of recombinant strains which differ from B6 at the K end of the H-2 complex. Relative to strains completely H-2 allogeneic to B6, the CTL.Pf in H-2bm3 and H 2bm5 averaged 40--50 percent, and H-2bm8 averaged 140 percent. Recombinant strains B10.A (4R) and B10.D2 (R103), which differ from B6 at the K end of the H 2 complex, averaged 60 percent of the completely H-2 allogeneic value. Since the mutant and wild-type gene products have no serological and minimal structural differences relative to other alleles at H-2K, these results indicate that the CTL.Pf does not increase with increasing H-2 antigenic disparity between andy two strains. Rather, the data suggests that the T-cell receptor repertoire recognizes those H-2 molecules or determinants closest to self. PMID- 6967861 TI - [The Buckley syndrome: recurring, severe staphylococcal infections, eczema and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen patients aged between three and 27 years were examined clinically and immunologically. Common to all patients were severe recurring cutaneous and pulmonary staphyloccal infections, chronic eczema, eosinophilia and an extremely elevated serum IgE level. Eight of the patients had in addition facial dysplasia characterised by coarse features, prognathism and poorly formed external ears. Marked osteoporosis, particularly of the vertebral bodies, was observed in eight patients. A constant defect of granulocyte chemotaxis was found in only three patients; fluctuating or constantly normal chemotaxis occurred in six patients. Polycloncal hypergammaglobulinemia was detected in 14 patients, elevated IgD in two patients, a partial T-cell defect in two patients and a history of lack of antibody response in one patient. Therapeutic trails anti-H2 receptor antihistamines did not produce lasting or satisfactory clinical or immunological results in the pathogenetically unidentified disease. PMID- 6967860 TI - Effect of biflavonoids of Taxus baccata on the central nervous system. PMID- 6967862 TI - Reasons for drug and alcohol use by college students. AB - Interest in examining more precisely the relationship between specific motives for drug and alcohol use and personality prompted the undertaking of this study. By means of a series of canonical correlation analyses, patterns of self attributed reasons for drug and alcohol use were interrelated to a battery of individual difference variables drawn from the domains of personality needs, daydreaming and mental style, optimal level of stimulation, and locus of control. The findings indicate that drug and alcohol use are linked to individual differences in a more complex way than is typically studied. PMID- 6967863 TI - The effect of a thymic extract on the response to PHA of normal lymphocytes. PMID- 6967865 TI - The incidence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Switzerland--a survey of patients born in 1960 to 1974. AB - The incidence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in Switzerland was calucated for patients born in 1960 to 1974. Information was obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all Pediatric Hospitals and Institutes of Pathology in Switzerland. The number of patients and the incidences of the different enzyme defects were: all cases 110 (1:13785 livebirths), 21-hydroxylase 98 (1:15472), 11 beta-hydroxylase 5 (1:303260), 3 beta-dehydrogenase 3 (1:505433). The incidence of females--which is 1:12098 for all cases and 1:13924 for 21-hydroxylase deficiency--presumably appropximates more exactly the real incidence, because of incomplete diagnosis in the male. Salt loss was observed in two thirds of patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. A more reliable estimate of the incidence of CAH could be obtained by neonatal screening programs with measurement of serum-17-hydroxyprogesterone. PMID- 6967864 TI - Atopic allergy, serum IgE and RAST specific IgE antibodies in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - The occurrence of allergic diseases is studied in a group of 56 Swiss children suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). 27% of CF children showed allergic manifestations, and 61% of CF children had positive family history for atopic diseases. The occurrence of allergies is increased in homozygotes as well as in heterozygotes for CF. Total serum IgE values are clearly increased in atopic CF children, but also slightly elevated in CF patients without allergic manifestations. Occurrence of specific IgE (RAST) for the house dust-mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, timothy grass pollen. Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium is summarized. PMID- 6967866 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: fulminant course in early infancy. AB - A severe course of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in two children with Pi ZZ genotype is demonstrated. Clinically both infants presented with signs indistinguishable from biliary atresia with acholic stools and a low I131-rose bengal excretion over 72 h. Rapid development of liver fibrosis documented by serial liver biopsies, indicated a bad prognosis. The infants died at the age of 6 and 15 months. The extent of fibrosis is estimated to be the most useful prognostic sign in prediction of the probable outcome in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6967867 TI - Multiple effects induced by unstable mutation in Streptomyces lavendulae. AB - Arg mutants, isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae at unusually high frequencies, showed several phenotypic characteristics. The characteristics common to all arg mutants include: (1) repression of beta-lactamase production, (2) inhibition of aerial mycelium formation, (3) development of acid pH, (4) low saturation density of growth in liquid culture, (5) a decrease in antibiotic production, (6) an increase in sensitivity to benzylpenicillin and (7) a decrease in production of pigment. These results suggest that the arg mutation concomitantly caused the depression of secondary metabolism in S. lavendulae. PMID- 6967868 TI - Effect of a combination of benzylpenicillin or ampicillin and dicloxacillin on peptidoglycan synthesis in a cell-free enzyme system from a beta-lactamase producing strain of Citrobacter freundii. AB - The membrane fraction prepared from beta-lactamase producing Citrobacter freundii GN346 catalyzed in vitro peptidoglycan synthesis from uridine-5'-diphosphate-N acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine and uridine-5'-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine, which was accompanied by the release of alanine from the carboxyl terminal end of the former substrate. Though this reaction was inhibited by benzylpenicillin (PCG) and ampicillin (ABPC), the reaction was relatively insensitive compared with that catalyzed by the membrane fraction from a derived beta-lactamaseless mutant strain GN346/16. In contrast, the enzyme activity of the parent strain was strongly inhibited by a combination of PCG or ABPC and dicloxacillin (MDIPC). The beta-lactamase present in the membrane fraction from the parent strain showed stronger activity than that from the mutant strain, and the activity was inhibited by MDIPC as in the case of the soluble enzyme localized in the periplasmic space. PMID- 6967869 TI - Ro 13-9904/001, a novel potent and long-acting parenteral cephalosporin. AB - Ro 13-9904/001 is a novel parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic with potent in vitro activity against a wide range of beta-lactamase-producing and non-producing pathogens. In addition, Ro 13-9904/001 proved to possess a very long plasma half life and, as a consequence, high prophylactic in vivo effectiveness. PMID- 6967870 TI - The antibacterial activity of thienamycin against multiresistant bacteria comparison with beta-lactamase stable compounds. PMID- 6967871 TI - Emergence and prevalence of beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae in Finland and susceptibility of 102 respiratory isolates to eight antibiotics. PMID- 6967873 TI - Regulation of metastatic ovarian cells in serum-free medium by epidermal growth factor and transferrin. PMID- 6967872 TI - Isolation and sequence of the vitamin K-dependent protein from human bone. Undercarboxylation of the first glutamic acid residue. AB - The gamma-carboxyglutamate-containing protein from human bone has been isolated from proteins released upon demineralization of bone by using a combination of gel filtration and immunoadsorption onto a column of immobilized antibody. The sequence of the protein has been determined by automatic sequence analysis of the whole protein and of peptides isolated from tryptic and Staphylococcus aureus protease digests. The protein consists of 49 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain, contains 2 residues of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, and a single disulfide bond. There are 4 translational substitutions between the human and calf bone proteins and 23 translational substitutions between the human and swordfish bone proteins. Glu-17 was found to be only 9% gamma-carboxylated, while sequence positions 21 and 24 are fully gamma-carboxylated. The identification of glutamic acid at position 17 represents the first instance where a partially gamma carboxylated glutamate has been found in a sequence position which is to the NH2 terminal side of a gamma-carboxyglutamate residue. The possible significance of this observation is discussed. PMID- 6967874 TI - Measurement error of risk factor variables in an epidemiologic study of children the Bogalusa heart study. PMID- 6967877 TI - Treatment of psoriasis with methotrexate and folinic acid. PMID- 6967875 TI - Vitamin D metabolism in hypoparathyroidism. AB - Only moderately reduced serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] levels were found in 13 hypoparathyroid patients and in 1 pseudohypoparathyroid patient, indicating that factors other than parathyroid hormone are able to mediate the basal production of 1,25(OH)2D3. A significant correlation was found between the levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25(OH)2D, suggesting that a high concentration of 25OHD was able to increase the renal production of 1,25(OH)2D, whereas hypocalcemia and changes in serum phosphate became less important in the present situation. The serum 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were followed during the change of treatment from ergocalciferol to 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OHD3). A biological half-life of 3 weeks could be estimated for the plasma 25OHD. The increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D correlated with the dose of 1 alpha-OHD3 given, whereas no correlation was found between the serum calcium level and the 1,25(OH)2D concentration. Unexpected increases and decreases in serum calcium were observed at the same dose of 1 alpha-OHD3 in the same patient and at serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations within the physiological range. PMID- 6967876 TI - Subpopulations of circulating B cells and regulatory T cells involved in in vitro immunoglobulin E production in atopic patients with elevted serum immunoglobulin E. AB - The B lymphocyte subpopulations producing immunoglobulin (Ig)E and the regulatory T cells modulating this IgE production in normals, and in atopic patients with respiratory allergy, atopic dermatitis, and markedly elevated serum IgE levels (>5,000 ng/ml), were investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were separated into T and B cell fractions and the ability of B cells to produce IgE in the presence or absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and/or T cells ws determined. The patients had a circulating population of cells which spontaneously produced up to 6 ng of IgE in vitro (per 4 X 10(5) non-E-rosetting cells) in the absence of T lymphocytes and PWM. PBL from normals did not possess such cells. This IgE synthesis occurred primarily (>75%) over the first 72 h of culture. There was a wide range in their activity between patients and from the same patient studied on repeated occasions (from <300 to 6,000 pg per culture). This spontaneous IgE production was inhibited by PWM (mean inhibition, 37%) or normal T lymphocytes (mean inhibition, 42%). The patients lacked T lymphocytes capable of inhibiting this spontaneous IgE synthesis in 7 of 13 experiments. Functionally distinct B cells were identified in the patients and normals that responded to PWM with IgE production in vitro and required T-helper cell activity. Patients had normal PWM-responsive B cell IgE biosynthetic activity and T-helper function for these B cells. Suppressor T cell activity for PWM-driven IgE synthesis was also evaluated. Both the normals' and the patients' T lymphocytes provided similar levels of T cell suppressor function for PWM-driven IgE production. Patients with elevated serum IgE possessed these inhibitory T cells at times when the T lymphocytes which suppressed spontaneous igE production were absent from their PBL. PMID- 6967878 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomography of the brain: a preliminary clinical assessment with demonstration of pathology. AB - A preliminary clinical evaluation of the nuclear magnetic resonance scans of patients with a variety of intracranial abnormalities is presented. We compare this noninvasive technique, which uses no ionizing radiation, against information obtained from conventional neuroradiological procedures and X-ray computed tomography of the same patients. The ability to produce coronal and sagittal as well as axial transverse images directly is shown to have important implications for precise lesion assessment. PMID- 6967879 TI - Positive contrast ventriculography combined with computed tomography: technique and applications. AB - Injection of contrast material (melgumine iothalamate or metrizamide) into the cerebral ventricles, or into an intracranial cyst directly or through a shunt device, has proven to be of considerable value in the evaluation of hydrocephalus, localized or diffuse, and intracranial cysts. When combined with computed tomography (CT) of the brain (positive contrast CT ventriculography), these procedures become simpler to perform, the incidence of complications is less, and there is a significant increase in their diagnostic yield. PMID- 6967880 TI - [Role of the nonspecific afferent system in vestibular analyzer reactions (genesis of the motion sickness syndrome)]. PMID- 6967881 TI - Isotype-specific human B lymphocytes that produce immunoglobulin E in vitro when stimulated by pokeweed mitogen. AB - Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes can be stimulated by PWM and T cells to produce IgE in vitro. Between 4% and 10% of circulating B lymphocytes were found to bear noncytophilic membrane IgE. In contrast, limiting diluton analysis of active B cell precursor frequency revealed that only about 1 in 50,000 B cells was responsible for the synthesis of IgE in vitro. Variation inthe precursor frequency was primarily responsible for differences in the amount of IgE produced in vitro by different individuals while the amount of IgE produced per precursor cell was relatively constant. B lymphocytes with surface IgM, IgG, or IgE were depleted. Depletion of IgE-bearing cells decreased IgE production 70% to 83% while IgM-bearing-cell removal lowered IgE synthesis by 59% to 72%. Dual removal of IgM- and IgE-bearing cells did not give an additive effect. IgE- and IgM positive B cells showed enhanced IgE synthesis of 327% and 182%, respectively. The consequences of crosslinking different surface isotypes on subsequent IgE production were also assessed. Anti-epsilon treatment inhibited IgE production up to 68% while anti-mu treatment decreased it by up to 38%. Thus only a very limited subset of B lymphocytes is responsible for PWM and T cell-dependent IgE synthesis in vitro and those cells probably bear both surface IgE and IgM. PMID- 6967882 TI - The influence of age on peripheral lymphocyte count in men: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. AB - The peripheral lymphocyte count was determined on 436 carefully screened healthy male participants of the Normative Aging Study on three successive determinations over a ten year period. Cross-sectional analysis revealed no significant differences in absolute lymphocyte count between the age groups 23 to 44, 45 to 54, and 55+ years. Longitudinal analysis also showed no significant change in absolute lymphocyte count over the study period. These results indicate that absolute lymphocyte count in healthy men does not change with age. PMID- 6967884 TI - Constancy of pharmacokinetic properties of the lymphocyte insulin receptor during aging. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism is altered during aging. Alterations at the pancreatic beta cell and at the level of peripheral sensitivity to insulin have been invoked. The T lymphocyte insulin receptor from five younger and five older men were studied. Pharmacokinetic characteristics (affinity, kd, and receptor sites per cell) were the same for both. Peripheral insensitivity at the level of the hormone receptor does not explain the altered metabolism. PMID- 6967883 TI - Assessment of biological age using a profile of physical parameters. AB - The present study describes a new approach to the assessment of biological age in adults using a profile of physical parameters. The investigation was based on data from 1086 adult male participants in the aging study of the Gerontology Research Ctr., Baltimore, MD. For each of 24 age-related variables, data were transformed into biological age scores reflecting a man's status relative to his chronological age peers. Analysis of the mean biological age profiles of men who were estimated by physicians as looking older than their age showed them to be biologically older on the profile parameters as well. Comparison of age-corrected scores of 166 men who have died with those of survivors reveals the deceased group to have been biologically older than the survivors at the time they were measured. These results suggest the value of this technique in investigating interindividual variation in the aging process. PMID- 6967885 TI - Recognition of immune complexes and antigen in vivo. PMID- 6967886 TI - Immunoglobulin secretion by mouse X human hybridomas: an approach for the production of anti-idiotype reagents useful in monitoring patients with B cell lymphoma. AB - Tumor cells were obtained from a patient with nodular lymphoma, a monoclonal B cell malignancy. These non-Ig-secreting lymphoma cells were hybridized to mouse myeloma cells. Hybridomas secreting human Ig were obtained in high frequency. One clone, which was a stable producer of human heavy and light chains, but which had lost production of mouse light chains, was chosen for study. It secreted a human IgM pentamer. The Ig produced by this clone was purified and used as an immunogen for the production of anti-idiotype antibodies. These antibodies recognized the specific cell surface Ig of the lymphoma cells and have been used to detect idiotype-bearing cells in the blood of the original patient, even at times when the disease was in clinical remission. Moreover, free idiotype could be detected in the patient's serum. Both the levels of Id+ cells and free idiotype correlated with disease activity, rising in relapse and falling in remission. PMID- 6967887 TI - Interrelationships of immunoregulatory cells and serum factors in sarcoidosis. PMID- 6967888 TI - Relative susceptibilities of T cell subsets involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells to the in vitro action of 4 hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. AB - 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, a derivative of cyclophosphamide, in aqueous solution yields 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, which acts on lymphocytes in vitro. This compound was employed to determine the relative susceptibilities of T cell subsets involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells in vitro. The following ranking order could be established: precursors of suppressor T cells > antigen-activated suppressor T cells > T cells mediating DTH. These data provide direct in vitro evidence that the enhancement of the cellular immune response to sheep red blood cells by cyclophosphamide is due to selective inactivation of suppressor T cells or their precursors, respectively. PMID- 6967889 TI - Orchestration of partner cell preferences of cooperating T and B lymphocytes derived from primed conventional F1 mice. PMID- 6967890 TI - Cellular requirements for pokeweed mitogen-induced autoantibody production rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6967891 TI - Xenogeneic serum-induced mouse T cells that trigger the differentiation of precursor into cytolytic T cells. PMID- 6967892 TI - The linkage of glyoxylase-I to the major histocompatibility complex in the rat. PMID- 6967893 TI - Role of Ia-positive cells in the production of T cell-replacing factors: blocking of factor production with anti-Ia serum. PMID- 6967894 TI - T cell synergy in the rat: serologic characterization of T cell subsets. AB - The W3/25+ T cell subset in rats, defined by a xenogeneic monoclonal antibody and separated by using the FACS, was demonstrated to be the proliferating cell type in the in vitro MLC and to provide an amplifier function for the W3/25- T cell subset in the generation of cytotoxic effector cells to alloantigenic targets. PMID- 6967895 TI - Induction of murine B cell proliferation by insolubilized anti-immunoglobulins. AB - This study demonstrates that intact antibodies specific for mu, delta, or light chains when coupled to Sepharose are effective in delivering proliferative signals to B cells. Furthermore, using Sepharose-coupled anti-delta antibodies, we have shown that hybridoma anti-delta (that is not active as soluble protein) is as effective as rabbit anti-delta in activating murine B cells. However, antibodies directed against two other surface molecules, I-A and H-2K, were not mitogenic. Thus, sIgM and sIgD are comparable in their ability to transmit a proliferative signal to the B cell and sIg seems to play a unique role in this regard. PMID- 6967896 TI - Soluble factor(s) from LPS-activated macrophages induce cytotoxic T cell differentiation from alloantigen-primed spleen cells. PMID- 6967897 TI - Lymphocyte surface membrane immunoglobulin in myeloma. II. T cells with IgA-Fc receptors are markedly increased in mice with IgA plasmacytomas. AB - BALB/c mice with established subcutaneous IgA plasmacytomas (MOPC-315, MOPC-167, McPC-603, or TEPC-15) develop large numbers of circulating theta-bearing lymphocytes that have surface membrane receptors for IgA. The extraordinary expansion of T alpha cells in mice with IgA plasmacytomas accounts for the large number of lymphocytes with surface membrane myeloma protein that are found in these mice. The IgA myeloma protein that was originally bound to the T cell receptor in vivo was competitively displaced in vitro by other purified IgA myeloma proteins but not by their F(ab)' fragments. After overnight incubation in vitro, or brief exposure to pronase, IgA was released from the T cell surface, rendering available a surface membrane receptor for IgA. In vitro binding of purified IgA to the T alpha cell receptor was not inhibited by purified IgG1 or IgM myeloma proteins. T alpha cells were not increased in mice with three variant plasmacytomas that did not secrete large amounts of IgA. These observations: i) establish the generality of T alpha cell expansion in mice with IgA plasmacytomas, ii) establish an association between elevated serum IgA levels and T alpha cell expansion, and iii) identify a source of large numbers of T alpha cells that can be specifically purified for structural and functional studies. PMID- 6967898 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition of gp70 on Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia cell clones. PMID- 6967899 TI - Binding of soluble 125I-human C3b, the third component of complement, to specific receptors in human cultured B lymphoblastoids cells: characterization of a low affinity interaction. PMID- 6967900 TI - Immunologic effects of whole body ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. II. Defect in splenic adherent cell antigen presentation for stimulation of T cell proliferation. PMID- 6967901 TI - Genetic control of cytolytic T lymphocyte responses. III. The role of K and I region alleles on the specificity of the cytolytic T lymphocyte response to trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic cells. AB - It has previously been demonstrated that genes in the H-2K and/or I-A region control the specificity of the cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to trinitrophenyl-(TNP) modified syngeneic cells. Strains of mice bearing the k allele in the K and/or IA region do not exhibit cross-reactive lysis of TNP modified allogeneic targets after stimulation with TNP-modified syngeneic targets. In this report we present evidence for independent roles of genes in the H-2K and I-A regions on the control of CTL specificity. One gene, mapping in the H-2K region, is expressed on the stimulator cell population, whereas the other gene maps to the I region and is expressed in the population of responding cells and need not be expressed in the stimulator cell population. Thus, we suggest that Ir genes localized to the I region may influence the response for prekiller cells to H-2K/D gene products. PMID- 6967902 TI - Regulatory role of IgE-binding factors from rat T lymphocytes. II. Glycoprotein nature and source of IgE-potentiating factor. AB - Previous experiments have shown that Fc epsilon receptor-bearing (Fc epsilon R(+)) T lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) release a soluble factor that selectively potentiates the IgE response. The IgE-potentiating factor has affinity for IgE, and can be detected by the ability to inhibit rosette formation of Fc epsilon R(+) cells with IgE-coated erythrocytes. The factor was bound to IgE-coated Sepharose and was eluted from the beads at acid pH. It was also found that the IgE-potentiating factor binds to lentil lectin-Sepharose, indicating that the factor is a glycoprotein. The affinity of the factor for IgE was lost after treatment with trypsin but was maintained after treatment with neuraminidase. However, the ability of the factor to potentiate the IgE response was lost after neuraminidase treatment. The results suggested that the factor's binding site for IgE is associated with a protein (peptide) moiety but that its carbohydrate moiety is essential for its biologic activity. When MLN cells were incubated at 37 degrees C, a substantial amount of the IgE-potentiating factor was released into culture medium within 4 hr even in the presence of cycloheximide. Pretreatment of the cells with trypsin, which removed Fc epsilon R, markedly diminished the release of IgE-potentiating factor, suggesting that the factor is derived from Fc epsilon R on the cell surface. PMID- 6967903 TI - Regulatory role of IgE-binding factors from rat T lymphocytes. III. IgE-specific suppressive factor with IgE-binding activity. AB - Incubation with rat IgE of rat mesenteric lymph node cells obtained 8 days after infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) resulted in the formation of soluble factors with affinity for IgE, i.e., IgE-binding factors(s). The factors were derived from T lymphocytes and were able to suppress an in vitro IgE response without affecting the IgG response. The minimum concentration of rat IgE for the induction of factor formation was 0.3 to 1.0 microgram/ml. Gel filtration of culture filtrates of the IgE-containing culture identified 2 components with IgE-binding activity; one component had a m.w. of between 10,000 and 20,000, and another component had a m.w. of between 25,000 and 50,000. Both factors could be purified by binding to IgE-Sepharose followed by elution at acid pH. Among the two IgE-binding factors, the lower m.w. component had the ability to suppress selectively the IgE response. In contrast to IgE-potentiating factor, which also had affinity for IgE, the IgE-suppressive factor failed to bind to lentil lectin Sepharose. Formation of IgE-specific suppressive factor was not limited to the lymphocytes obtained 8 days after Nb-infection. Incubation with IgE of lymphocytes obtained 4 wk after infection resulted in the formation of both IgE specific suppressive factor and IgE-potentiating factor, and the activity of the suppressive factor was greater than that of the potentiating factor. PMID- 6967904 TI - Immune suppression of hematopoiesis in aplastic anemia: activity of T-gamma lymphocytes. AB - In vitro colony formation (CFU-c) was studied in 7 patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in complete autologous hematologic reconstitution. Colony formation was depressed in all patients (less than 5% of normal). Further studies showed that 1) patients' colony formation could be enhanced by removing T cells from the marrow, but not by removing adherent cells (AC); 2) patients' marrow cells showed a marked CFU-c inhibition against normal allogeneic marrow; 3) CFU-c/suppression could be reduced by removing T cells from the patients' marrow before the co culture experiments; 4) patients' marrow T cells showed significant CFU c/inhibition against autologous as well as against allogeneic unrelated normal marrow cells; 5) irradiation with 1500 rads of T cells abrogated their suppressor activity; 6) the latter was found mainly in marrow T cells with IgG receptors (TG+ cells) as well as in the supernatant of marrow T cells cultured overnight; 7) TG+ cells derived from normal donors had no significant CFU-c/inhibitory activity against autologous or allogeneic marrow cells. Active myelosuppression would thus be detectable in patients with SAA in remission and would appear to be mediated by marrow T cells with IgG receptors. PMID- 6967905 TI - In vitro induction of human cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against herpes simplex virus-infected cells: characterization of the effector lymphocyte. AB - Normal human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) were incubated (sensitized) in vitro for 6 days with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected cells. The sensitized PBML were then tested in a 5-hr 51Cr-release microassay against uninfected or HSV-1-infected target cells. PBML subpopulation depletion studies revealed that the effector cells were neither B cells nor monocytes, but that their activity was found both in the E-rosetting and the non E-rosetting lymphocyte fractions. Further separation techniques showed that the effector cells in either fraction expressed an Fc receptor for IgG. In vitro generated, virus-specific cytotoxic activity thus appeared to be mediated both by a T gamma cell and a special null cell, suggesting possible NK cell involvement. PMID- 6967906 TI - The in vivo distribution of autologous human and murine lymphoid cells grown in T cell growth factor (TCGF): implications for the adoptive immunotherapy of tumors. PMID- 6967907 TI - Regulation of thymus-independent responses: unresponsiveness to a second challenge of TNP-Ficoll is mediated by hapten-specific antibodies. AB - CBA mice immunized with the TI-2 antigen TNP-Ficoll are unresponsive to a second challenge of the same antigen. In addition, spleen cells from unresponsive mice fail to respond to any dose of TNP-Ficoll in vitro. This hapten-specific unresponsive state is T cell independent and is due to hapten-specific IgM mediated inhibition of B cell triggering. The mechanism of inhibition, although unknown, is unlikely to be antigen masking. In vitro responses to the TI-1 antigen TNP-LPS are not inhibited by concentrations of anti-TNP antibody, which completely suppress responses to TNP-Ficoll. PMID- 6967908 TI - Suppression of B cell differentiation by dialyzable humoral factors derived from pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cord T cells. PMID- 6967909 TI - The expression of deoxyguanosine toxicity in T lymphocytes at different stages of maturation. AB - Different human T cell populations were assayed for susceptibility of DNA synthesis to inhibition by deoxyguanosine. T lymphocytes from the thymus were most sensitive to inhibition of proliferation by deoxyguanosine (90% inhibition at 10 microM deoxyguanosine). This exquisite sensitivity of thymocytes appeared related to an enhanced ability of these cells for uptake and phosphorylation of deoxyguanosine to deoxyGTP and by their reduced ability to degrade accumulated deoxyGTP. Compared to more mature T lymphocytes and B cells, thymocytes contained the highest level of the salvage enzyme deoxynucleoside kinase and the lowest level of the nucleotide degrading enzyme, 5'-nucleotidase. The present study suggests that the levels of these 2 enzymes can serve as differentiation markers, identifying T cells at various stages of maturation, and that the loss of sensitivity to deoxyguanosine toxicity may be a stepwise process. Further, a deficiency in purine nucleoside phosphorylase may preferentially interfere with T cell maturation at an intrathymic stage of T cell differentiation. PMID- 6967911 TI - Polyclonal activation of murine B lymphocytes by Fe fragments. II. Replacement of T cells by a soluble helper T cell-replacing factor (TRF). AB - Fc fragments of human gamma-globulin stimulate T cell-dependent polyclonal antibody responses in murine splenic B cells. The T cell signal can be delivered by a soluble T cell-replacing factor, derived by concanavalin A stimulation of spleen cells. TRF interacts directly with responding B cells and appears to provide the second, differentiative, trigger that initiates the polyclonal response. TRF is maximally active even if added at 24 hr after Fc and does not alter the response kinetics. Although macrophages are requird for the polyclonal activation of B cells in intact spleen cell cultures, they are not necessary for the delivery of the TRF signal to B cells. PMID- 6967910 TI - Hapten-specific T cell responses to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl. AB - The primary anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibody response is known to have a heteroclitic fine specificity, i.e., anti-NP antibodies bind (4-hydroxy 5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NIP) with greater affinity than NP itself. Past studies of NP-specific DTH responses and NP-specific T cell-mediated suppression have demonstrated sharing of fine specificity patterns and idiotypic structure between receptors on NP-specific T cells and anti-NP antibodies. We now analyze the fine specificity of NP-specific cutaneous sensitivity (CS) reactions to NP-O succinimide (NP-O-Su) and NIP-O-succinimide (NIP-O-Su). The specificity of these responses is shown to be controlled by genes in the Igh gene complex. Cross reactive CS responses induced by NP-O-Su elicited by NIP-O-Su were observed in strains of mice possessing the Igh-1b allotype but not in strains bearing the Igh 1c or Igh-1j allotypes. The CS reactivity could be adoptively transferred to naive recipients, and the ability of transfer CS reactivity was T cell dependent. In contrast to the genetic requirement for I-A region homology to adoptively transfer DTH reactions, compatibility at either the H-2K, H-21, or H-2D regions was sufficient to transfer NP-specific CS reactivity to naive recipients. Furthermore, in contrast to DTH responses, cyclophosphamide pretreatment was not required to induce CS responsiveness. Thus, the specificity of NP-O-Su-induced CS responses is controlled by both H-2- and Igh-linked genes. PMID- 6967912 TI - Effect of thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP5) on autoimmunity. I. TP5 suppression of induced erythrocyte autoantibodies in C3H mice. AB - C3H mice (young and old), when immunized with the cross-reacting rat erythrocytes, produced erythrocyte autoantibodies that usually persisted for more than 10 weeks. I.P. injection of thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP5) once or thrice weekly accelerated the loss of erythrocyte autoantibodies 7 weeks after immunization; 10 ng of TP5 was the optimal dose. The rat agglutinin responses of these immunized mice were unaffected by TP5 during the whole period of study. Spleen cells from rat erythrocyte-immunized mice, when transferred to syngeneic recipients undergoing similar immunization schedules, delayed the appearance of erythrocyte autoantibodies in the recipients. A greater delay was observed when spleen cells were taken from mice that had also received TP5 treatment. PMID- 6967913 TI - Peanut agglutinin. VI. Identification of murine T lymphocyte subsets during ontogenesis by use of peanut agglutinin and Ly-6.2 antiserum. AB - Fluoresceinated peanut agglutinin (PNA-FTC), Thy-1.2, and Ly-6.2 antisera were used to identify various murine T lymphocyte subpopulations during fetal and perinatal life. By means of double immunofluorescence labeling, we identified three T lymphocyte subsets: PNA+Ly-6.2+, PNA+Ly-6.2-, PNA-Ly-6.2+ having distinct distribution in the adult thymus and spleen. The study of the appearance of these three subsets in fetal liver, thymus, and spleen has shown that they did not occur similarly. The PNA+Ly-6.2+ subset was present in all three organs during fetal life and at a level rather similar to that of adult life; the PNA+Ly-6.2- subset was also present in the three fetal organs; conversely, the percentage of the PNA-Ly-6.2+ spleen cells was very low in fetal and neonatal life and increased significantly between 1 and 2 wk of age. Our results demonstrate that during fetal life, lymphocyte subsets are phenotypically differentiated as in adult life and that differentiation of T lymphocytes occurs preferentially through various lineages present during early ontogenesis. Moreover, quantitative modulation of some of these subsets is shown from fetal to adult life and may explain some of the immunologic immature features of young murine spleen. PMID- 6967914 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in interstitial nephritis. III. T lymphocyte-mediated fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis: an immune mechanism for renal fibrogenesis. AB - Fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis play an important role in the progression of intersititial nephritis. To evaluate the involvement of immune mechanisms in this process, we induced intersititial nephritis in guinea pigs utilizing injections of tubular antigens. Over a 3-week period, injected animals developed a nephritis characterized by mononuclear infiltrates and expanding areas of fibrotic scar formation. Involved kidneys contained increased collagen as compared to controls. To identify mediators of the observed fibrogenesis, T lymphocytes from nephritic and control animals were stimulated with soluble tubular antigens. Dialyzed supernatants from control lymphocyte cultures contained an inhibitor of both fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. In contrast, supernatants from nephritic animals demonstrated absence of inhibition and a progressively increasing titer of a factor that enhanced both kidney fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. As the disease progressed, however, nephritic lymphocytes also began secreting an inhibitor of proliferation that could be detected in low levels. These studies suggest, therefore, that immune mechanisms and altered lymphocyte function may play an important role in the development, progression, and regulation of renal fibrogenesis in intersititial nephritis. PMID- 6967915 TI - Chemical enhancement of tumor immunogenicity. AB - C57BL/6 spleen cells immunized in vitro against syngeneic methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma cells(MC-1 cells) modified with various chemical reagents show cytotoxic activity against unmodified MC-1 cells in a short-term 51Cr release assay, whereas unmodified MC-1 cells are nonimmunogenic. The effector cells cross react widely with many other fibroblastic and epithelioid tumors, even those that are not H-2 matched, as well as with some nonneoplastic cells. Priming mice in vivo with a hapten leads to enhanced anti-tumor cytotoxicity developed by spleen cells from these mice immunized in vitro against tumor cells modified with the same hapten. Cytotoxic activity is largely, but not completely, removed by treatment with anti-theta serum and C. The existence of suppressor cells that can inhibit an anti-tumor response is demonstrasted in in vitro immunizations of mixtures of spleen cells from normal mice and mice primed with mitomyhcin-treated tumor cells, the latter suppressing the former. PMID- 6967916 TI - High molecular weight surface glycoproteins of murine lymphocytes. AB - High m.w. glycoproteins in the range of 170 and 210K represent major cell surface components of murine lymphocytes. The expression of such glycoproteins has been characterized for thymocytes and peripheral T and B lymphocytes in BALB/c mice using surface and biosynthetic labeling, nonionic detergent extraction, and immunoprecipitation with antibodies directed against antigenic determinants expressed on the cell surface of a murine T cell lymphoma. Immunoprecipitates were then resolved by 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Two groups of antigenically distinct glycoproteins have been defined: 1) a 170K component present on thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes but undetectable on B lymphocytes; this glycoprotein has been termed T 170 to suggest its potential use for distinguishing T from B lymphocytes; 2) a higher m.w. glycoprotein bearing antigenic determinants common to T and B cells but expressed as one 180K glycoprotein on thymocytes, 2 glycoproteins of 180 and 190K on peripheral T lymphocytes, and as one 210K glycoprotein on B lymphocytes. The relationships of these glycoproteins with the other known lymphocyte surface markers of high m.w. is discussed. PMID- 6967917 TI - Mechanism of immune suppression by murine neonatal fluids. AB - Pretreatment of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) for 24 to 48 hr with mouse amniotic fluid (MAF) results in a marked reduction in their ability to present antigen in a macrophage-T cell dependent antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferative assay. Since we showed that MAF did not inhibit the uptake of antigen by the antigen-presenting cells, presumably the site of action is either on "processing," T-macrophage interactions and/or on the secretion of soluble factors by macrophages. Whether suppression is the result of a direct effect on MAF on the antigen-presenting cell or indirectly via another cell type present in the PEC preparations was not established by this study. However, our data suggest that a major (although perhaps not sole) site of action of the suppressive factor(s) in MAF is at the level of the antigen-presenting cell. The biologic relevance of these in vitro observations is discussed in regard to the defects of immune function in fetal and neonatal animals. PMID- 6967918 TI - Inhibition of concanavalin A-induced human lymphocyte mitogenic factor (Interleukin-2) production by suppressor T lymphocytes. AB - Supernatants of fresh human MNL stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) generally contain little or no lymphocyte-derived mitogenic factor (LMF or Interleukin-2). However, preincubation of MNL in culture medium for 2 to 5 days before stimulation with Con A rendered them capable of producing increasing LMF. The production of LMF by reincubated MNL was inhibited by readdition of autologous fresh MNL or E-rosetting (T) lymphocytes. The producing cells were T lymphocytes; however, the production of LMF was monocyte dependent. LMF eluted from a Sephadex G150 column in 2 peaks at 12 to 27,000 and 50 to 70,000 daltons. Both species of LMF were mitogenic for mouse (C3H/HeJ) thymocytes and for human T and B cells. LMF production was not affected by x-irradiation (less than or equal to 2500 R) before preincubation; it was, however, abolished by the addition of 10(-7) M hydrocortisone during the preincubation period. LMF production by fresh MNL could be moderately enhanced by the addition of cimetidine, a drug that is known to interfere with histamine H2 receptors on suppressor T cells. Presumably, preincubation of MNL reduces the activity of Con A-induced suppressor cells. We conclude that human peripheral blood contains suppressor T cells that when activated by Con A regulate the production of LMF by other T cells in response to Con A. PMID- 6967919 TI - An analysis of the lymphocyte content of rat lacteals. AB - A technique for the collection of lymph from the lacteals of the small intestine of the rat is described. The output of lymphocytes from an area possessing a Peyer's patch is 10 times greater than in lymph from an area lacking one, but the proportion of lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulin (sIg), surface immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and internal immunoglobulin A (iIgA) are similar in the 2 areas. A lower percentage of lymphocytes bear sIg in lymph afferent to the mesenteric lymph gland compared with that found in the thoracic duct. However, a higher proportion of these lymphocytes bearing sIg have IgA on their surface in lacteal lymph compared with thoracic duct lymph. The reasons for these differences between the lacteal lymph and thoracic duct lymph are discussed. PMID- 6967921 TI - Optimized conditions for the growth of human epidermal cells in culture. PMID- 6967920 TI - Mutual recognition of parental and F1 lymphocytes. II. Analysis of graft-vs-host induced suppressor cell activity for T cell-mediated lympholysis to trinitrophenyl self and alloantigens. AB - Spleen cells from (C57BL/10 x B10.A)F1 mice that had been injected 2 wk earlier with C57BL/10 (B10) or B10.A parental spleen cells were mixed with spleen cells from untreated F1 mice. The cell mixture was sensitized in vitro to trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic cells (TNP-self) or alloantigens for a cell mediated lympholysis (CML) response, and assayed for effector cell activity 5 days later. Cells from B10.A- but not B10-injected F1 spleens suppressed the CML of normal F1 spleens cells. In contrast, strong suppressive activity was obtained from irradiated B10-injected F1 mice. Thus, F1 mice were selectively resistant to GVH-associated immunosuppression induced by B10, but not by B10.A, parental spleen cells, and this F1 resistance mechanism appeared to be radiosensitive. The suppressive activity of spleen cells from irradiated, parental-injected F1 mice could be at least partially accounted for by cytotoxic activity of parental cells directed against alloantigens expressed by the F1. However, suppressor activity in intact parental-injected F1 mice appeared to be due to parental-induced F1 suppressor cells. The results are discussed with respect to: a) the use of this system as a possible model for investigating the selective resistance of F1 mice to parental T cell-induced GVH reactions, and b) the implications involved in the mutual recognition between F1 and parental lymphocytes, which may be relevant for immune surveillance against self-reactive T cell clones. PMID- 6967922 TI - T lymphocyte defect in psoriasis. PMID- 6967923 TI - Inhibition of cell mediated immune responses by 8-methoxypsoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light: a possible explanation for the clinical effects of photoactivated psoralen. AB - Human thymus-derived lymphocytes proliferate when cultured with lymphocyes or epidermal cells from unrelated individuals because such cells express HLA-D antigens, which are recognized as foreign by thymus-derived lymphocytes. The current study demonstrates that these responses are inhibited if either the stimulator cells or responder cells are pretreated with the combination of 8 methoxypsoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light. Additional studies revealed that photoactivated 8-methoxypsoralen has a lethal effect on lymphocytes and monocytes but not on the majority of epidermal cells. These obervations suggest that the dramatic beneficial effect of PUVA on patients with psoriasis and other skin disorders may be due to a toxic effect on immunocompetent cells in the epidermis, which results in inhibition of cell mediated immune responses. PMID- 6967924 TI - Mechanism of recovery from systemic herpes simplex virus infection. I. Comparative effectiveness of antibody and reconstitution of immune spleen cells on immunosuppressed mice. AB - The role of cellular immunity, humoral antibody, and interferon in recovery from primary systemic infection in mice due to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was studied. Immunosuppression by three methods--each of which was sufficient to suppress humoral and cellular immunity--markedly potentiated primary systemic HSV 1 infection. Immunosuppressed mice did not form neutralizing antibody to HSV-1, but passive transfer of physiologic amounts of neutralizing antibody as late as day 6 after infection exerted a protective effect. Passive transfer of 10(8) immune spleen cells on day 3 after infection was only partially protective and did not thereafter reverse the effect of X-irradiation on HSV-1 infection. Furthermore, mice that received immune cells appeared to make sufficient antibody to explain the protective effect of the transferred cells. These results suggest that antibody to HSV-1 has a critical role in promoting recovery from primary infection in this model. The findings neither favor nor exclude a defensive role for immune cells in this experimental primary HSV-1 infection. PMID- 6967925 TI - [Clinical studies of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6967927 TI - Test tube babies: medical and legal considerations. PMID- 6967926 TI - [Recent topics of respiratory infection. 1. On the aspect of bacteriology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967929 TI - The fiction of legal insanity and the misuse of psychiatry. PMID- 6967928 TI - The laetrile movement: a challenge to the FDA's regulating authority. PMID- 6967930 TI - Antitrust law and the practice of medicine. PMID- 6967931 TI - Serotonin and its precursors as modulators of the immunological responsiveness in mice. AB - Central nervous system regulation of endocrine functions is mediated by neurotransmitters, via hypothalamic hypophysiotropic factors which in turn control anterior pituitary functions. The evidence of serotonergic-endocrine interrelations with regard to adrenal, thyroid, gonadal and prolactin functions is fast accumulating. Our study extends the importance of those interrelations to some functions of the immune system. Multiple administration of 5 hydroxytryptamine(serotonin) or its precursor, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan(5-HTPH), produces marked depression of T cell dependent, humoral, hemolytic, primary immune response in mice. L-tryptophan, a more distant serotonin precursor, produces slight but significant depression of this immune response. Multiple treatment of mice infected with Friend Leukemia Virus (FLV) with serotonin or 5 HTPH alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) results in significant delay of the clinical progression of the infection. L-tryptophan produces a modest but significant improvement. Administration of serotonin or 5 HTPH causes a marked reduction of the thymus weight. It is reasonable to postulate that the described effects result from the thymus involution which affects the T cell compartment of the immune system. This is the consequence of hormonal imbalance caused by the alteration of the serotonin biosynthetic pathway in the brain. The adrenal cortex is not implicated in the mediation of this effect. Since many clinically used drugs affect the serotonin metabolism, the clinical consequences of the resulting alteration of the immunological responsiveness should be considered. PMID- 6967932 TI - Activation by corticosteroids of steriod metabolizing enzymes in ovine placental explans in vitro. AB - A technique has been developed for the study of placetal steroid synethesis in tissue culture. Explants of sheep placentas recovered in the last third of gestation produced progesterone and converted labelled androstenedione into unconjugated and conjugated oestrogens. Cortisol added to the medium stimulated 17 alpha-hydroxylase and aromatizing enzyme activities. The results are discussed in relation to the proposal that the rise in secretion of fetal cortisol before parturition has a direct effect on the activation of placental enzymes catalysing the conversion of progesterone to eostrogens. PMID- 6967933 TI - Ia antigens on alloreactive T cells in man detected by monoclonal antibodies. Evidence for synthesis of HLA-D/DR molecules of the responder type. AB - A monoclonal antibody (Ab 2.06) directed against a nonpolymorphic determinant of HLA-D/DR molecules was used to study the expression and the biosynthesis of Ia molecules on human T cells before and after allogeneic stimulation. Normal resting peripheral T cells failed to synthesize and/or express Ia antigens. However, at day 7 of a mixed lymphocyte reaction, 40-60% of alloreactive T cells express and synthesize HLA-D/DR molecules of the responder type as assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis genotyping. This Ia+ alloreactive population originates from an Ia - T cell pool and not from an Ia+ T cell population. Moreover, the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of Ia on T cells is similar to that obtained with B cells from the same individual. PMID- 6967934 TI - Cloning and functional characterization of primary alloreactive human T lymphocytes. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes are activated to proliferate and form colonies in semisolid agarose after only brief exposure (24 h) to allogeneic lymphocytes in liquid culture. Colony development is independent of cell contact and exogenously supplied growth factors. The colonies are composed of T cells which form E rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and do not express surface immunoglobulin. Pooled colonies derived from 24-h allogeneic stimulation of HLA-D homozygous typing cells (HTC) express the appropriate HLA-D-associated DR antigens, as measured by complement-mediated cytotoxicity and by the reactivity of anti-DRw alloantisera after absorption with HLA-D homozygous B lymphoid cell lines. Some of the antisera give extra reactions with HTC colony cells that have not been previously detected on B lymphoid cell lines and purified peripheral B and T cell populations, suggesting that these sera may also contain antibodies against antigens expressed only on alloactivated T lymphocytes. Single colonies removed from agarose undergo extensive proliferation (20-30 generations) in liquid culture with the aid of T cell growth factor provided by conditioned medium. The majority of these T lymphocyte "clones" tested display specific cytolytic effector function, indicating that within 24 h of exposure to alloantigen, responder lymphocytes that subsequently form colonies in agarose are committed to antigen-specific cytotoxic activity; memory for the priming alloantigens is retained after months of culture with reexposure to antigen. This is the first demonstration that primary alloreactive clones of human T lymphocytes express HLA-DRw antigens and are capable of antigen-specific cytotoxic function. PMID- 6967935 TI - Production, expansion, and clonal analysis of T cells with specific HLA restricted male lysis. AB - A cytotoxic T cell (CT) lines grown as a population (CT line) was initiated from the peripheral blood lympocytes (PBL) of a female aplastic anemia patient who was known to express CT that were able to lyse HLA-A2-positive male cells. The anti-H Y HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic activity could be maintained over prolonged periods of time. The CT lines could be expanded and maintained in culture for >65 d by the use of mitogens and irradiated feeder cells. Out of 68 cultures obtained after cloning of the CT lines, 43 showed varying, but always specific, anti-H-Y HLA-A2-restricted lytic capacity on a per-cell basis. We could show that the cloned cultures were composed of >80% T cells that carry the HLA-A, -B, -C, and also the HLA-DR antigens identical to the original PBL. PMID- 6967936 TI - T cell clones that recognize alloantigens. PMID- 6967937 TI - Influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize HLA-molecules. Blocking by monoclonal anti-HLA antibodies. AB - The effect of monoclonal anti-HLA antibodies on lysis of influenza virus-infected target cells by sensitized cytotoxic T lymphocytes was measured. Lysis was blocked, provided the antibody was present in a concentration sufficient to saturate the HLA determinants on the target cells. Antibodies to monomorphic HLA determinants and to beta 2-microglobulin inhibited. Antibody to HLA A2 and B17 blocked lysis of target cells that shared these antigens with the effector cell. It was concluded that the restriction elements for influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T cells are the HLA molecules themselves. PMID- 6967938 TI - Role of Ia-positive cells in induction of secondary human immune responses to haptens in vitro. AB - We have described techniques for induction of primary and secondary human immune responses in vitro to lymphoid cells modified with trinitrophenyl, dinitrophenyl, and fluorescein isothiocyanate. Optimal secondary proliferative responses required the presentation of hapten on stimulator cells that shared HLA-D region determinants with the responder cell and/or the original stimulator cell. In contrast, hapten-specific cytotoxic responses assessed on modified allogeneic targets with no detected HLA homology with the responder were comparable in magnitude to those detected on modified autologous targets. Furthermore, secondary proliferative, but not cytotoxic, responses required presentation of Ia+ stimulator populations. Modified B cells, surface-immunoglobulin-negative, non T cells (null-cells), and Ia+ activated T cells all induced proliferative responses at least as effectively as equal numbers of hapten-conjugated macrophage/monocytes. Conversely, Ia(-) null cells and macrophages were entirely unable to stimulate. The data thus suggest that for proliferative responses, primed human T cells respond to modified lymphoid cells only when hapten is recognized in the context of Ia molecules. PMID- 6967939 TI - Recognition of altered self. PMID- 6967940 TI - HLA-D restriction of the proliferative response to hapten dinitrophenyl conjugated cells. I. No indication of cross-reaction between dinitrophenyl conjugated autologous and nonconjugated allogeneic cells. AB - Evidence is presented in humans that the dinitrophenylated (DNP) antigen, previously shown to be restricted in cell-mediated cytotoxic assays by the HLA-A and -B antigens, is restricted in the proliferative response by HLA-D antigens. A gene dose effect was observed. Some influence of DNP conjugation on the mixed lymphocyte culture stimulatory capacity is shown, but the restriction phenomenon is obvious with the degree of conjugation chosen. The functional part of HLA-D is more likely to follow DR than D antigens. Unspecific conditioning of alloreactivity in secondary cultures is shown by negative as well as by positive selection procedures to be different from the major part of the DNP-specific clones. PMID- 6967941 TI - Association between an HLA haplotype and low responsiveness to schistosomal worm antigen in man. AB - Immune responsiveness to schistosomal worm antigen was investigated in the individuals infected with Schistosoma japonicum by measuring the antigen-specific proliferative response of the peripheral T lymphocytes in vitro. Out of 57 infected individuals, 10 (17.5%) were low responders, whereas 47 (82.5%) were high responders to this antigen. The strong association between the HLA-Aw24-Bw52 Dw12 haplotype and the low responder group was demonstrated. Because the association of the low responder group was strongest with the HLA-D specificity, Dw12, and because the HLA-D region was assumed to be comparable to the I region of the murine H-2 complex, it was suggested that the low responsiveness to schistosomal worm antigen was controlled by a single dominant immune suppression gene that was in strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA-Dw12. PMID- 6967942 TI - Cell-free synthesis and processing of the heavy and light chains of HLA-DR antigens. AB - Antisera have been prepared against the separated glycoprotein chains (p29 and p34) of HLA-DR antigens (p29,34) isolated from membranes of the B lymphoblastoid cell line JY (DRw4,6). These antisera (anti-p29 and anti-p34) were characterized by immunoprecipitation of in vivo labeled, detergent-solubilized extracts of JY cells grown in the presence and absence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. Anti-p29 and anti-p34 specifically immunoprecipitated the precursors to p29 and p34, respectively, from the cell-free translation products of a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system supplemented with polyadenylic acid containing messenger RNA (mRNA) isolated from JY cells. These precursors, pre-p34 and two pre-p29s, appeared to be 1,500-3,000 daltons larger than their counterparts from tunicamycin-treated cells and presumably were synthesized with N-terminal extensions (signal sequences). Processing of pre-p29 and pre-p34 occurred during cell-free translation in the presence of dog pancreatic microsomes, which resulted in cleavage of the polypeptide, addition of glycan moieties, and segregation of the two chains in the cisternal portion of the microsome. the precursors of p29 and p34 were not appreciably different in isoelectric points on two-dimensional gels from p26 and p28, the light and heavy chains from antigens arise from separate mRNA, and not as a single polypeptide, which is endoproteolytically cleaved. PMID- 6967943 TI - Two types of Ia-positive T cells. Synthesis and exchange of Ia antigens. AB - Two distinct types of Ia-positive T cells have been described. One type represents a blastoid T cell responding from stimulation by mitogens, antigens, and in allogeneic and autologous mixed lymphocyte culture reactions. This is a large cell that is strongly positive for Ia antigens as measured by a variety of different antisera. The other general type is a smaller cell with a lower expression of Ia antigens that is found at low levels in normal peripheral blood and is markedly elevated in various pathological states. It also rises rapidly after inoculation with tetanus toxoid and PPD in sensitized individuals. This cell does not incorporate thymidine and is enriched in the Tgamma fraction; it can be markedly concentrated from normal lymphocytes, and current evidence indicates that it is a T cell. The marked elevation of this cell in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is of special interest. Considerable evidence indicates that, at least in certain instances, the Ia antigens are synthetized by the cells that carry them. Incorporation of labeled amino acid experiments and the in vitro translation results presented above indicate this. However, the ready exchange of Ia antigens between cells in the experiments described indicates that uptake from other cells may be a significant source. PMID- 6967944 TI - Ia antigen on peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in man. I. Expression, biosynthesis, and function of HLA-DR antigen non-T cells. AB - Murine monoclonal antibodies to monomorphic components of HLA-DR antigen were used to analyze the distribution and function of DR molecules on non-T mononuclear leukocytes from peripheral blood. On the basis of indirect immunofluorescence and complement-mediated cytolysis. DR antigen was detected on approximately 70% of non-T cells (DR+) and could not be detected on approximately 30% of non-T cells (DR-). A fluorescence-activated cell sorter was used to separate non-T cells into DR+ and DR- populations, and each population was studied. At least one-third of DR- cells were monocytes, and the remainder were surface-immunoglobulin-negative lymphocytes. Analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins by the method of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that DR+, but not DR-, cells biosynthesize DR molecules DR+ cells stimulated strongly in the autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and supported T cell proliferation to soluble antigens, whereas DR- cells stimulated in the allogeneic MLR but failed to stimulate in the autologous MLR or to support T cell proliferation to soluble antigens. When present continuously in culture, one monoclonal anti-DR antibody (antibody 2.06) modestly inhibited T cell proliferative responses. Another antibody (antibody 1.35) markedly enhanced the autologous MLR and the proliferative response to soluble antigens, but had no effect on the allogeneic MLR. These data suggest that DR+ and DR- non-T populations are functionally distinct, and that DR antigen may be required for presentation of soluble antigen and stimulation in the autologous MLR. Antigens in addition to DR may stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation. PMID- 6967946 TI - Evidence for a new segregant series of B cell antigens that are encoded in the HLA-D region and that stimulate secondary allogenic proliferative and cytotoxic responses. AB - Five new histocompatibility antigens, designated secondary B cell or (SB) antigens, have been identified by secondary allogeneic proliferative and cytotoxic responses. The reagents used to define the SB antigents are lymphocytes primed between donors matched for all known HLA antigens. The SB antigens stimulate weak primary allogeneic proliferative responses (a mean relative response of 8%) but strong secondary proliferative responses. Strong secondary cell-mediated cytotoxicity is generated against target antigens that are distinguishable from the SB antigens defined by proliferation. Studies by direct lysis and by cold-target inhibition indicate that these target antigens are preferentially expressed on B cells relative to T cells. The SB antigens segregate with HLA, and the gene(s) encoding the SB1, 3, and 4 antigens maps centromeric to HLA-B. The SB antigens are major histocompatibility antigens not only because they are encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, but also by the functional criteria that the proliferative and cytotoxic responses to SB antigens are not restricted by HLA-DR or HLA-A,-B. Parallel studies of the SB antigens and the DR antigens with respect to: (a) their preferential expression on B cells, (b) their function in secondary allogeneic proliferative and cytotoxic respones, and (c) the location of their structural gene within the MHC. However, the SB antigens and the DR antigens are clearly distinct antigens, because population studies indicate that they can occur independently, and family studies indicate that specific SB antigens segregate with HLA haplotypes having different D and DR specificities. Our data are consistent with the hypotheses that the SB antigens are a new segregant series of B cell alloantigens, and that the SB gene and the DR gene derive from a duplicated ancestral gene. PMID- 6967948 TI - Bradycardia associated with cimetidine. PMID- 6967945 TI - Augmentation of in vitro humoral immune responses in the mouse by an antibody to IgD. AB - Heterologous anti-delta-chain antibodies have an adjuvant effect on specific in vivo humoral immune responses to simultaneously, or subsequently, injected antigens in the rat and rhesus monkey. We have used a hybridoma-secreted antibody that binds murine delta-chain of the allotype (4.22aM delta a) to study this phenomenon in the mouse and to investigate the mechanism of this effect. Injection of 4.22aM delta a into BALB/c mice removes almost all surface IgD (sIgD) from splenic B lymphocites. sIgD does not reappear until the serum level of 4.22aM delta a decreased 5-7 d after injection. 4.22aM delta a fails to induce detectable proliferation or to raise total serum Ig levels substantially above control values. However, 4.22aM dalta a injected 24 h before antigen elicits an approximately twofold enhancement of serum IgM and a 3- to 10-fold enhancement of serum IgG anti-trintriphenyl (TNP) antibodies in response to immunization with optimal doses of TNP-Ficoll or TNP-sheep red blood cells (TNP-SRBC). 4.22aM delta a injected 1 wk before or 3 d after TNP-SRBC, however, has no effect on IgG anti TNP levels. The adjuvant effect of anti-delta-chain antibody was markedly decreased when suboptimal antigen doses were used. Furthermore, even in the case of TNP-Ficoll, a relatively T-independent antigen, the ability of 4.22aM dalta a to enhance the anti-TNP antibody response was T cell dependent. Our data suggest that the binding of anti-delta-chain antibody to cell sIgD may partially activate B lymphocytes and make them more capable of differentiating into antibody secreting cells when stimulated by antigen-specific T cell help. PMID- 6967947 TI - Blocking effect of lyt-2 antibodies on T cell functions. AB - Monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 antibodies blocked effector function of cytotoxic thymus derived (T) cells in the absence of added complement. Cytolysis of both allogeneic cells and syngeneic lymphoma or sarcoma target cells was inhibited at the level of the effector lymphocytes. Anti-Lyt-1 and anti-Thy-1 antibodies did not block killer cells. Proliferation of T cells in mixed lymphocyte culture was also inhibited by anti-Lyt-2, but not affected by anti-Lyt-1 or anti-Thy-1 antibodies. Although Lyt-1+ lymphocytes were required in the mixed lymphocyte reaction as helper cells for proliferation of Lyt-2+ lymphocytes, their helper function was not affected by the presence of Lyt-1 antibodies. Thus, although anti-Lyt-1, anti-Lyt-2 and anti-Thy-1 were of the same gamma 2A immunoglobulin class, had high titers, and interacted with T cells to the same extent, only anti Lyt-2 blocked T cell functions. Polyclonal activation of T lymphocytes by concanavalin A, in contrast to activation by alloantigens, was not inhibited by Lyt-2 antibodies, suggesting that Lyt-2 antibodies interfere with T cell function at the level of the T cell antigen-receptor. The role which Lyt-2 molecules may play in T cell function is discussed. PMID- 6967949 TI - Peritoneal lavage as a diagnostic procedure for intra-abdominal trauma. AB - Peritoneal lavage is an established emergency diagnostic tool in cases of suspected damage inside the abdomen due to blunt and occasionally penetrating abdominal trauma. This is a relatively safe procedure which is often useful in recognizing intra-abdominal bleeding requiring surgical exploration. The procedure requires careful patient selection and technique, together with awareness of the limitations of the procedure and the ability to interpret the returns of peritoneal lavage. PMID- 6967950 TI - Differential effects of Ba2+, Sr2+, and Ca2+ on stimulation-induced changes in transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - Endplate potentials (EPP) were recorded from the frog sartorius neuromuscular junction under conditions of low quantal content to study the effect of Ba2+, Sr2+, and Ca2+ on the changes in evoked transmitter release that occur during and after repetitive stimulation. The addition of 0.1-1 mM Ba2+ or Sr2+ to the Ca2+ containing bathing solution, or the replacement of Ca2+ with 0.8-1.4 mM Sr2+, led to a greater increase in EPP amplitudes during and immediately after repetitive stimulation. These changes in release were analyzed in terms of the four apparent components of increased transmitter release that have previously been distinguished on the basis of their kinetic properties. The Ba2+-induced increase in EPP amplitudes was associated with an increase in the magnitude but not the time constant of decay of augmentation. Ba2+ had little effect on potentiation or the first and second components of facilitation. The Sr2+-induced increase in EPP amplitudes was associated with an increase in the magnitude and the time constant of decay of the second component of facilitation. Sr2+ had little effect on potentiation, augmentation, or the first component of facilitation. The selective effects of Ba2+ on augmentation and of Sr2+ on the second component of facilitation were reversible and could be obtained in the presence of the other ion. The addition of 0.1-0.3 mM Ca2+ to the bathing solution had little effect on potentiation, augmentation, or the two components of facilitation. These results provide pharmacological support for the proposal that there are four different components of increased transmitter release associated with repetitive stimulation and suggest that the underlying factors in the nerve terminal that give rise to these components can act somewhat independently of one another. PMID- 6967951 TI - Indoleamines in the pineal complex of Lampetra planeri (Petromyzontidae). A fluorescence microscopic and microspectrofluorimetric study. AB - Using the technique of Falck and Hillarp, the pineal and parapineal organs of Lampetra planeri were found to exhibit a labile yellow fluorescence characteristic of indoleamines. Microspectrofluorimetric analysis of the yellow fluorophores yielded emission and excitation spectra very similar to those of the melatonin precursors serotonin (5-HT) or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). 5-HT/5-HTP fluorophores are concentrated essentially in the region of the atrium, along the pineal tract and in the rostral part of the parapineal organ. The fluorescence is strong in early autumn, decreases in winter and is weak or absent in spring, implying a seasonal variation in indoleamine metabolism. Fluorescence intensity increases after injections of nialamide or nialamide and 5-HTP and is lowered by injection of reserpine. Indoleamine fluorescence is localized in the recently identified sensory-type cells: the photoneuroendocrine cells (Meiniel, 1980). The ependymal-like cells, the sensory neurons and the classical photoreceptor cells (Collin, 1969 a) do not appear to be involved in indole metabolism. The absence of catecholamine fibres in the perivascular spaces suggests that indole biosynthesis is regulated via the direct photosensitivity of the pineal complex. PMID- 6967952 TI - The process dynamics of viral and bacterial diseases of the central nervous system. AB - Several patients with herpes simplex encephalitis developed a prolonged humoral immune reaction within the central nervous system, which was evaluated by the measurement of locally synthesized immunoglobulin fractions in cerebrospinal fluid. Such phasic immune responses seem to occur predominantly in CNS infections with herpes and myxo/paramyxo viruses. In many cases the B-cell response follows a primary neutrophilic and a secondary mononuclear phase. Most benign viral encephalomeningitis cases lack this type of strong local B-cell activity. This is also true in most cases of bacterial meningitis, that recover after a strong neutrophilic attack and a minor mononuclear reaction. The initial phase of a purulent meningitis is characterized by a complete breakdown of the blood-CSF barrier. This occurs also in some cases of "apurulent bacterial meningitis", that are characterized by very low CSF-cell counts in spite of a totally broken barrier. The "compartmental leucopenia" is interpreted as an imbalance between the supply from the blood and an intense phagocytic consumption within the CSF space. The influence of the hydrodynamic size of viruses on the mode of entry into the central nervous system and on the dynamics of the inflammatory reactions is discussed. PMID- 6967954 TI - Peripheral nerve stimulation for pain. PMID- 6967953 TI - Role of primate medial vestibular nucleus in long-term adaptive plasticity of vestibuloocular reflex. AB - 1. Fifteen hundred and thirty cells were recorded in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) of alert monkeys whose vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) had been adapted to one of two kinds of spectacles. The "high-gain" sample was recorded from monkeys that had worn 2.0 x telescopic spectacles; the gain of the VOR in the dark (eye velocity divided by head velocity) was greater than 1.5. The "low gain" sample was recorded from monkeys that had worn goggles providing a visual field that was fixed with respect to the freely turning head; the gain of the VOR was less than 0.4. 2. Cells showing modulation of firing rate related to imposed head velocity were grouped into four categories: pure vestibular (10), vestibular plus-saccade (10), vestibular-plus-position (10), and vestibular-plus-head/body (24). Sensitivity to head velocity was measured from averaged responses to sinusoidal, 0.4-Hz whole-body oscillation in the horizontal plane. Almost all cells (98%) having increased firing during ipsilateral head rotation received inputs from the horizontal semicircular canals. Conversely, 82% of cells having increased firing during contralateral head rotation received inputs from the vertical canals. 3. There were no statistically significant differences in resting discharge rate, phase shift, or sensitivity to head velocity between the high- and low-gain samples of any of the cell types. Nonetheless, there was a consistent tendency, evident in all the functionally defined cell groups, for the sensitivity to be about 20% greater in the high-gain samples. However, this difference is small by comparison with the fourfold difference in VOR gain. 4. Detailed scrutiny of the response properties of individual cells suggested that the small differences in sensitivity reflect small changes distributed throughout the population, rather than large and potentially significant changes within a small sub-population. 5. Our data indicate that large, adaptive changes in the gain of the VOR are accompanied by only minor changes in the vestibular sensitivity and no changes in the phase shift or resting discharge rates of cells in the MVN. It remains possible that large changes in vestibular sensitivity occurred in cells we did not sample or in subgroups we could not identify. We argue that this is unlikely and that the major changes underlying VOR plasticity occur after the first central synapse in the VOR pathways. PMID- 6967957 TI - False-negative gallbladder scintigram in acute cholecystitis. AB - Two cases of acute cholecystitis are described, in which the gallbladder was visualized in the hepatobiliary scintigram. While most cases of acute cholecystitis are due to cystic-duct occlusion by calculi, in a small percentage the acute gallbladder inflammation results from other pathogenic mechanisms. These cannot be excluded by gallbladder scintigram alone. PMID- 6967955 TI - Bilateral innervation of the cerebral arteries by the superior cervical ganglion in cats. AB - The effect of removal of the left superior cervical ganglion on the contractile response to norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) was studied in isolated segments of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior communicating artery (PCoA) of the cat. Fifteen days after the excision, each dose of NE elicited a potentiated response in both the MCA and the PCoA, whichever side they originated. By contrast, 5-HT induced enhanced vasoconstriction at each dose only in the MCA and PCoA from the left side. When segments of MCA and PCoA from the right side were challenged against 5-HT, a significantly increased response was found only at the first three doses. On the other hand, the NE content of pools made of MCA, PCoA, and anterior cerebral artery from each side was reduced to the same level on both sides after ganglion removal. These results indicate that the excised superior cervical ganglion innervated the MCA and PCoA from both sides of the circle of Willis. PMID- 6967956 TI - In vivo simulation of thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy by seven-pinhole emission tomography. AB - Seven-pinhole emission tomography has been studied under conditions that simulate clinical myocardial imaging with thallium-201, and is compared with planar imaging with a heart phantom. The seven-pinhole technique produces reconstructed images that offer a tomographic presentation of the object but do not quantitatively represent true cross sections of the object's activity distribution. Tomography produces significantly greater image contrast than planar imaging, even when maximal background subtraction is used to enhance the planar images. Two quantitative limitations of seven-pinhole tomography are noted for a simulated 24-g, 1.5-cm-thick complete transmural infarct: (a) the defect's activity concentration is not accurately reconstructed, and (b) it propagates longitudinally into some reconstructed planes that do not contain it. The imaging limitations of seven-pinhole tomography under the conditions studied are shown to be consistent on several camera/computer/software configurations. PMID- 6967958 TI - Scintigraphy with In-111-labeled red cells in intermittent gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - The site of active intermittent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding could not be found in a patient until abdominal scintigrams with indium-111-labeled red cells suggested that the bleeding was in the ascending colon. Right hemicolectomy abolished the hemorrhages. The binding of In-111 to the red cell is such that vascular activity could be clearly seen over a 5-day period. Indium-111-labeled red cells might provide an excellent tracer to locate intermittent active GI bleeding. PMID- 6967959 TI - Perspectives on seven pinhole tomography. PMID- 6967961 TI - Postsurgical hemorrhage resulting from a drug-induced circulating anticoagulant: report of case. AB - A case of circulating anticoagulant resulting in persistent postoperative bleeding has been reported. All clotting factors were normal when the patient's plasma was tested in a high dilution. Unlike previous reports of this type of coagulation inhibitor, the hemorrhagic diathesis was clinically severe in comparison with the mildly abnormal in vitro tests. Many unknowns remain: the chemical nature of this anticoagulant; the time needed to return to normal coagulation levels; the frequency and severity of drug-induced anticoagulation; and the dose and duration of usage of medications resulting in circulating anticoagulants. In retrospect, the only clinical evidence suggestive of a coagulation problem in this case was a marginally elevated partial thromboplastin time. In our opinion, a preoperative coagulation screening, consisting of prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, and template bleeding time, may help to prevent serious postoperative hemostatic complications. PMID- 6967960 TI - The importance of dental consults to medical service: a case report. PMID- 6967962 TI - [Microbiological evaluation of acute otitis media (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967963 TI - Bactericidal antibody and susceptibility to otitis media caused by nontypable strains of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - We have developed a bactericidal antibody assay to determine the role of circulating antibody to nontypable strains of Haemophilus influenzae in children with otitis media. Antibody infecting strain was present in the acute sera of 2/20 children with otitis media caused by H. influenzae NT; 15/18 of these patients had covalescent specimens with titers greater than or equal to 1:2 (X2 = 13.0, P < 0.001). The acute sera of 95 children with otitis media caused by various organisms were screened for bactericidal activity against a randomly selected H. influenzae NT stain. Antibody was present in 0/28 acute sera of patients whose infection was caused by H. influenzae NT and in 18/67 (26.9% of those whose middleear exudates were sterile or contained other bacterial species (X2 = 9.95, P < 0.01). A bactericidal antibody response generally follows infection of the middlw ear with H. influenzae NT. The absence of antibody to a single strain in the sera of some children appears to be associated with susceptibility to this infection. PMID- 6967964 TI - Meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. PMID- 6967965 TI - Treatment of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in children with cerebrospinal fluid shunts. PMID- 6967966 TI - Isoniazid-rifampin--induced fulminant liver disease in an infant. PMID- 6967967 TI - Cellular immunity and nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6967968 TI - Spontaneous corneal perforation with expulsion of the lens and retina in a premature infant. AB - This case presents an additional ophthalmological complication in the infant under 1000 gm. The potential relationship of spontaneous corneal perforation suggests the need for extreme care in eye management in these infants. PMID- 6967969 TI - Copper kinetics in infantile hepatobiliary disease. AB - Copper metabolism was investigated in 33 infants with hepatobiliary disease. In 25 paients with biliary atresia, 37-135 days old, hepatic copper ranged from 5 to 133 microgram Cu/g wet weight (mean:43.3 microgram). In over two-thirds of the liver samples copper content was elevated above normal. There was no correlation between hepatic copper concentration and patients' age or degree of liver fibrosis. The mean hepatic copper content was also elevated in six infants with other hepatobiliary diseases (mean:41.6 microgram). Serial assays of copper excretion in bile were made in 25 infants having Kasai procedures for biliary atresia. The average daily excretion of biliary copper in 12 patients with successful operations was 3.3 to 33.7 microgram (mean:15.1 microgram), whereas in 13 patients without postoperative bile drainage, the daily values were 0.3-6.4 microgram (mean:2.7 microgram) (p < 0.0001). In five patients with active bile excretion who had repeated liver biopsies there was a steady decrease in hepatic copper concentration. The results indicate that derangement of copper homeostasis occurs frequently in infants with hepatobiliary disease and that in patients with biliary atresia successful reestablishment of bile flow effects a return toward normal copper metabolism probably because of enhanced biliary excretion. PMID- 6967970 TI - Mechanical activation in slow and twitch skeletal muscle fibres of the frog. AB - 1. Slow and twitch muscle fibres of the frog were studied with a two-micro electrode point voltage-clamp method. Slow fibres were identified in pyriformis and cruralis muscles by their appearance in the light microscope, electrical characteristics, and rate of sarcomere shortening or of tension development. 2. The relation between the amplitude and duration of threshold depolarizing pulses was determined in sartorius twitch and pyriformis slow fibres. Strength-duration relations for contractile activation are very similar in the two fibre types. 3. The effect of a brief subthreshold pulse on the threshold voltage level decays with a half-time of 1-2 msec at 9 degrees C in both slow and twitch fibres. This fast decay, thought to reflect voltage-dependent deactivation of Ca2+ release following repolarization, is followed by a slower decay of greatly different rates in the two fibre types. the slower components of decay might reflect the rate of background Ca2+ removal by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. Reducing external Ca2+ levels to about about 0.1 microM with 2.5 mM-EGTA has no effect on the shapes of strength-duration curves for both slow and twitch fibres, suggesting that activator Ca2+ in both fibre types originates entirely from intracellular stores. 5. "Tonic' contractions were studied using voltage-clamped short cruralis slow fibres at 20 degrees C. Reducing external Ca2+ to about 0.1 microM had no effect on the steepness of the steady-state tension-voltage relation or on the ability of slow fibres to maintain maximal tension during long (200 sec) depolarizations to membrane potentials of up to +50 mV. 6. Functional similarities in activation kinetics of slow and twitch fibres are discussed in relation to the sensing of tubular membrane potential by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, to Ca2+ release from it, and to possible mechanisms involved in these processes. Processes leading to the rapid turning on and off of Ca2+ release in response to changes in tubular membrane potential are probably similar in slow and twitch fibres. However, the apparent lack of voltage-and time-dependent inactivation of Ca2+ release in slow fibre points to a major difference in the two types of muscle. PMID- 6967971 TI - Membrane electrical properties of frog slow muscle fibres. AB - 1. Pyriformis slow (and sartorius twitch) fibres from Rana temporaria were studied with a three-micro-electrode voltage-clamp technique to obtain an approximate measurement of membrane current density at a fibre end. In most experiments, a modified Ringer solution containing 2H20 and 230 mM-sucrose was used to reduce movement. 2. Linear membrane properties of slow fibres obtained with this method are consistent with results from previous studies. Measured Cm (microF/cm2) increases with fibre diameter in a manner consistent with a tubular location of part of the fibre capacitance. 3. Voltage steps to -50mV and more positive potentials result in outward membrane currents in both slow and twitch fibres. These currents develop along similar sigmoid time courses and are blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA+) ions. The reversal potential for delayed current channels in slow fibres varies with external K+ concentration, suggesting that the delayed current in slow fibres, as in twitch, is carried by K+ ions. 4. Maximum GK,GK, in slow fibres is an order of magnitude smaller than twitch fibres. The steady-state GK-V curve of slow fibres is very broad (e-fold for approximately 15 mV), saturating at very positive voltages, whereas the GK of twitch fibres varies more steeply with voltage. 5. No evidence of inward currents was seen in slow fibres during pulses of duration up to 96 msec. 6. Slow outward currents, which do not inactivate appreciably, are seen in slow fibres during long (10 sec) pulses. Tail currents following such long pulses are very slow. The reversal potential shifts to more positive values with increasing pulse duration. PMID- 6967974 TI - Immune response to first mating in the female rat. AB - The iliac and popliteal lymph nodes were removed from 110 Sprague Dawley female rats taken from a closed colony. All were killed at age 12-13 wk in groups of 10 animals; one group of virgin controls, the others at 2-day intervals during the first 10 days of either inbred or allogeneic poregnancy. Every tenth section of the lymph nodes was stained with methyl green pyronin and counts were made of the large pyroninophilic cells in the thymus-dependent area of the cortex for evidence of T cell proliferation and the plasma cells in the medulla for evidence of B cell proliferation. After allogeneic mating significant T cell proliferation was evident in both the iliac and popliteal lymph nodes by the second post-coital day and this proliferative response was sustained until the sixth postcoital day and recurred on the tenth post-coital day. After inbred mating transient T cell proliferation was observed on the fourth post-coital day in the iliac lymph nodes. Significant B cell proliferation occurred in the iliac lymph nodes on the second day of allogeneic pregnancy and on the fourth day of inbred pregnancy, being sustained in both until the end of the observation period. These results suggest that allogeneic mating and possibly semi-allogeneic implantation induce an immune response in the female rat. PMID- 6967972 TI - Voltage-dependent charge movement in frog slow muscle fibres. AB - 1. Voltage-clamp experiments on frog slow and twitch fibres were carried out using the three-micro-electrode technique. Potassium currents were blocked by tetraethylammonium. Contraction was blocked by 2 mM-tetracaine. 2. After subtracting the linear capacitive and leakage currents, the delta V(test-control) traces from slow fibres show 'on' and 'off' charge movements similar to those observed in twitch fibres. 3. The time integrals of the 'on' and 'off' transients, Qon and Qoff, in slow fibres are, as in twitch fibres, almost equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. 4. The charge-voltage distribution is well fitted by a sigmoid curve given by (Formula: see text), which has been successfully applied to twitch fibres. Data from three fibres gave V = -25 mV, k = 13 mV, and Qmax = 7 nC/microF. Thus, intramembranous charge in slow fibres has the same steady-state voltage distribution as that in twitch fibres, but the quantity of maximum movable charge is only 1/4 to 1/3 as large. 5. Charge movement in slow fibres does not inactivate completely when the fibres are held at -20 to 0 mV for durations as long as 30 min. 6. These results show that charge movement exists in slow fibres and may serve the same function in regulating contractile activation as that postulated for twitch fibres. The lack of complete inactivation may be consistent with the ability of slow fibres to maintain maximal tension during prolonged depolarizations. PMID- 6967975 TI - Immunological function of alveolar macrophages: interaction with a soluble protein antigen and the immunogenicity of alveolar macrophage-associated antigen. PMID- 6967973 TI - Hyperpolarization of frog primary afferent fibres caused by activation of a sodium pump. AB - 1. In the isolated frog spinal cord repetitive stimulation of a lumbar dorsal root produced a sustained negative potential recorded from an adjacent inactive dorsal root by sucrose gap techniques. This negative potential was followed by a positive potential, an indication that the dorsal root terminals were hyperpolarized. Increasing the duration of the tetanus applied to the active root increased the amplitude and duration of the after-hyperpolarization which could be up to 6 mV and 3 min respectively. 2. The hyperpolarization presumably reflected an increased rate of active sodium pumping. Since it was reversibly reduced by metabolic inhibitors (dinitrophenol, NaCN) and cooling (Q10, 2 . 6) it was clearly dependent upon intact metabolic activity. In addition, a variety of procedures used to inhibit sodium pumps (including application of ouabain, elimination of potassium from the superfusate, and partial substitution of lithium for sodium ions) significantly and reversibly decreased the potential. 3. The hyperpolarization was not dependent upon intact chemical synaptic transmission since it could survive prolonged immersion of the cord in Ringer solution containing manganese or magnesium ions. 4. It is suggested that the hyperpolarization of inactive fibres resulted from a decreased extracellular potassium concentration in the dorsal horn produced as a result of a pumping mechanism which extruded sodium and transported potassium inwards by dorsal root fibres directly activated by the tetanus. PMID- 6967977 TI - Carrageenan-induced suppression of T lymphocyte proliferation in the rat: in vivo suppression induced by oral administration. PMID- 6967976 TI - Carrageenan-induced suppression of T lymphocyte proliferation in the rat: in vitro production of a suppressor factor by peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6967978 TI - [A case of T cell CLL complicated with Mikulicz syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967980 TI - [Simultaneous determination of T and B lymphocytes using E rosette test and bead rosette test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967979 TI - [Studies on the determination of IgG-Fc receptor bearing cells and T gamma-cells of human lymphocytes--with a special reference to the comparison of EA rosette method and double rosette methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967981 TI - [Electron microscopic observations of Bowen's disease and arsenical keratosis associated with chronic arsenism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967982 TI - [Adult type T cell CLL with lymphoblastic sarcoma in skin tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967983 TI - [Histiocytic medullary reticulosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967985 TI - [Zinc concentration of hair and nail in acquired zinc deficiency]. PMID- 6967984 TI - [Evaluation of skin surface water content by measurement of electrical resistance to high frequency altemating current]. PMID- 6967987 TI - [Experimental studies on the skin sensitization by Sudan I and brilliant lake red R (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967988 TI - [The siblings of normolipemic tuberous xanthomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967986 TI - [Systemic effects of topically applied clobetasone 17-butyrate ointment- comparative studies with hydrocortisone 17-butyrate ointment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967989 TI - [Studies on the flare up reaction and the retest reaction in contact sensitivity to DNCB (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967991 TI - [Organ culture studies of pemphigus antibodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967990 TI - [X-linked ichthyosis--a study of 5 families (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967993 TI - [A case of psoriasis with uveitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967992 TI - [Inhibitory effect of topical glucocorticoids on the proliferation of fibroblasts (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967994 TI - [Assessment of myocardial blood flow after aorto-coronary bypass surgery by 201thallium perfusion scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967996 TI - [Surgical treatment of coronary aneurysm after Kawasaki's disease (mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome, MCLS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967997 TI - [Bleb-like and fingerprint dystrophies of the cornea]. AB - Within the past two years we have seen the "bleb-like dystrophy" of Bron and Brown in 30 patients. It is characterized by groups of subepithelial excrescences measuring 15-100 microms. These pathologic changes can only be discerned biomicroscopically by retro-illumination; they do not result in any opacification of the corneal epithelium or stroma. In 21 cases a concomitant Fingerprint dystrophy of the cornea (Guerry) was observed. Both types of dystrophy were prevalent in female patients and in most cases occurred bilaterally. The relatively high incidence of recurrent erosions as well as the pathologic structure of the subepithelial membrane documented in the Fingerprint dystrophy points to a potential weakness of the corneal epithelium in these cases. This fact should be borne in mind especially when fiting contact lenses. PMID- 6967995 TI - [A case of surgical treatment of angina pectoris and constrictive pericarditis in unrelated etiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6967998 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic aspects of Candida endophthalmitis]. AB - Case report on a 59-year-old woman who was affected by a Candida septicaemia after several abdominal interventions. After therapy with amphotericin B and 5 flurocytosine the disappearance of a central retinal metastasis is documented. Beside these drugs, clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole, and some combinations with amphotericin B are more recent possibilities. PMID- 6967999 TI - [Clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of acute and protracted rheumatism]. PMID- 6968000 TI - [Vestibular nystagmus in rats after hypokinesia and prolonged rotation]. AB - Changes in the latent period, number of beats, duration and frequency of the nystagmus were investigated in rats exposed to angular acceleration of an increasing value (10, 20, 30, and 40 degree/cm2) after a 21-day exposure to hypokinesia per se or hypokinesia in a rotating device (with a radius of 141 cm, rate of rotation of 33.3 rpm, and acceleration value of 2 g). The hypokinetic rats showed nystagmic changes only with the lowest acceleration used (10 degrees/cm2). The hypokinetic animals rapidly adapted to a repeated exposure to angular acceleration during the recovery period. A 21-day exposure to hypokinesia in a rotating device disturbed adaptation to a repeated effect of angular acceleration during recovery. Mechanisms of these effects are discussed. It is concluded that hypokinesia cannot be an adequate model for studying weightlessness effects on the vestibular function. PMID- 6968001 TI - Mechanical properties of the canine aorta following hypercholesterolemia. AB - The effect of hypercholesterolemia on the transverse wall properties of the upper descending thoracic aorta was studied in canines. Hypothyroid animals were fed a free diet supplemented with cholesterol, prophylthiouracil, and saturated fat (lard) for 11 mo. The mechanical properties of the wall showed marked changes following experimental pathology. The failure stress, failure elongation, and energy to failure decreased following hypercholesterolemia. The tensile response was bilinear in both the pathological and control tissues. In the initial region, which is controlled by elastic fibers, the response was left unchanged by the experimental pathology. In the secondary region, which is controlled by stretching of the collagen fibers, the intercept with the strain axis and the slope were decreased by the pathology. This indicates that there are changes in the strength-bearing collagen and its interaction with the amorphous matrix. However, no significant parallel histological changes were observed in the structure of collagen and elastic fibers. Although this phenomenon precedes the development of atherosclerotic plaques which are characteristic of a diagnosed human disease, the aortic wall is already "hardened" because of its reduced compliance resulting from the shift in the onset of secondary (collagen) response. PMID- 6968003 TI - Urinary steroidal pattern of infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. PMID- 6968002 TI - Immunostimulatory effects of arginine in normal and injured rats. PMID- 6968004 TI - Multistage path models of adolescent alcohol and drug use: age variations. AB - Conformity-commitment, which affected drinking and drug use in a sample of over 1000 teen-agers, was influenced in 13- and 14-year-olds by parents and religion, in 15- and 16-year-olds by peers and religion, and in 17- and 18-year-olds by parents, peers and religion. Religiousness also affected alcohol use directly among all three age groups and cannabis use among 15- and 16-year-olds and 17- and 18-year olds. PMID- 6968005 TI - The dynamics of antibody secreting cell production: regulation of growth and oscillations in the response to T-independent antigens. PMID- 6968006 TI - Bypass grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery: saphenous vein versus internal mammary artery. AB - During the interval 1972 to 1977, of 1,522 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 1,459 received grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Internal mammary artery (IMA) was used in 765 patients and reversed saphenous vein graft (SVG) in 694 patients. Choice of bypass graft was nonrandom. Clinical follow-up is available in 98% of patients. Angiography has been obtained in 69% of eligible patients at 1 month, 65% at 1 year, 62% at 3 years, and 63% at 5 years. There was no difference in operative mortality rates (IMA 1.4%, SVG 1.9%) or 5 year actuarial survival rates (IMA 87.6%, SVG 88.7%). Graft flows were consistently higher at operation with the SVG, but patency rates at each interval were significantly higher with the IMA. Perioperative and late myocardial infarction occurred significantly less often in IMA patients. Superiority in IMA graft patency became apparent after an initial "learning curve" of 2 years of experience. Maintenance and/or restoration of normal left ventricular function was more common in IMA patients operated upon after the initial 2 year experience. IMA grafts are recommended for LAD bypass when the LAD is 2.0 mm in diameter or less. Early results with sequential SVG to the LAD suggest that this may be a realistic alternative to the IMA and may approach the 1 year IMA graft patency rate of 92.6%. PMID- 6968007 TI - Successful transluminal angioplasty of totally occluded grafts. PMID- 6968008 TI - Bone marrow involvement in Burkitt's lymphoma and its relationship to acute B cell leukemia. PMID- 6968009 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of the spontaneous murine B-cell leukemia (BCL1). PMID- 6968010 TI - Effects of CFS-S inhibitors on murine bone marrow during ARA-C treatment--I. Effects on stem cells. PMID- 6968011 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in human lymph nodes: a normal range. AB - Detailed surface marker studies were performed on 21 nodes from control subjects, 12 normal and 9 showing reactive hyperplasia. Reactive nodes showed a significantly decreased proporation of T lymphocytes (median 44%) and increased proportion of B lymphocytes (median 32%) when compared with normal nodes (median 68% and 18%, respectively). The increase in B lymphocytes was seen in all immunoglobulin classes studied. The values for normal nodes were comparable with three previous studies of nodes confirmed to be normal by histology. On the other hand, the results from reactive nodes were similar to the majority of previously published "control" nodes, many of which were histologically abnormal. The importance of ensuring that control nodes are histologically normal is emphasized by this study. PMID- 6968012 TI - [Cell immunity responses in patients with widespread neoplasias following administration of transfer factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968013 TI - [Actinomycosis of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - A case report is given of a 61 year old female patient, who came to the hospital with chronic pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant, fever, chills, dyspnea, and general weakness. 4 days later she died in hemorrhagic shock after having had melena. At postmortem an actinomycotic abscess of the size of a childs head was found in the left lobe of the liver; in addition there was a highly differentiated leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum. Isolated visceral actinomycosis is rare; it should however be thought of when the causes of liver abscesses are being scrutinized. Diagnosis can be established only bacterioiogically or histologically. PMID- 6968014 TI - [Coagglutination in bacterial meningitis. Diagnostic and epidemiological value]. PMID- 6968015 TI - [Granuiopoiesis in various hemopathies. Culture of bone marrow in agar]. PMID- 6968016 TI - Normal human prostate epithelial cell cultures. PMID- 6968017 TI - Fourier transform analysis of periodic variations of red cell velocity in capillaries of resting skeletal muscle in frogs. PMID- 6968018 TI - The molar combining ratio of anti-albumin Fab' fragments to homologous and heterologous serum albumins. AB - The number of antibody combining sites on bovine (BSA), goat (GSA) and sheep (SSA) serum albumins was studied using rabbit and chicken antibodies. In homologous reactions, the profiles of quantitative precipitations with chicken antibody were similar to those with rabbit antibody reported previously (12), and the antigenic valence in the extreme antibody excess zone was found to be 6-7 for each albumin. The univalent Fab' fragments of rabbit and chicken antibodies were prepared. The stoichiometry of the soluble complex formed with the Fab' fragment and fluorescence labeled albumin was analyzed by gel filtration, and the number of Fab' fragment molecules capable of binding to an albumin molecule was estimated. In a homologous reaction with both rabbit and chicken Fab' fragments, the Fab' to albumin combining ratio revealed from the molecular weight of the soluble complex was 14:1. In the heterologous reactions, the combining ratio was 5:1 for rabbit Fab' fragments to BSA, and 9:1 for chicken Fab' fragment to BSA. From the heterologous reactions between GSA and SSA, it was demonstrated that the combining ratios were 10-11:1 with rabbit Fab' fragment and 11-13:1 with chicken Fab' fragment. PMID- 6968020 TI - Adjuvant activity of nocardomycoloyl derivatives of N-acetylmuramyldipeptide in mice and guinea pigs. PMID- 6968019 TI - Polyclonal B cell activation by cell wall preparations of gram-positive bacteria. In vitro responses of spleen cells obtained from Balb/c, nu/nu, nu/+, C3H/He, C3H/HeJ and hybrid (DBA/N x Balb/c)F1 mice. AB - The effects of polyclonal B cell activation (PBA) of cell walls and their cell wall fractions obtained from several kinds of gram-positive bacteria were studied using the anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) or anti-trinitrophenylated (TNP) SRBC plaque forming cell (PFC) responses of cultured spleen cells from Balb/c, athymic nu/nu, their littermates (nu/+), C3H/He (LPS-responder), C3H/HeJ (LPS nonresponder), (CBA/N x Balb/c) F1 male with an X-linked defect in B cell function and the F1 female mice. The cell walls of Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 155), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014), Micrococcus lysodeikticus (NCTC 2665), Mycobacterium rhodochrous (ATCC 184), Streptomyces gardneri (ATCC 23911) and Nocardia corynebacteriodes (ATCC 14898) had the ability to induce polyclonal B cell responses in the spleen cells of Balb/c, nu/nu, nu/+, C3H/He and C3H/HeJ mice. The cell wall fractions prepared by enzymatic digestion from the cell walls of S. epidermidis, S. gardneri or N. corynebacteriodes were also capable of inducing polyclonal B cell responses. The responses of spleen cells from (CBA/N x Balb/c) F1 male mice to these active preparations, except the cell walls of M. rhodochrous which possess this ability. The PBA-ability of synthetic peptidoglycan, muramyl dipeptide (N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, MDP), was also examined, and a similar activity was observed in MDP. PMID- 6968021 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to mouse adenovirus infection. Blocking of macrophage migration inhibition and T cell-mediated cytolysis of infected cells by anti-S antigen or anti-alloantigen serum. AB - Migration of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), which were prepared from mice immunized against mouse adenovirus (M-Ad), was inhibited upon exposure to the antigenic extract of M-Ad-infected cells. This inhibition was shown to be blocked when infected cells or their extracts were pretreated with antiserum against M-Ad induced cell surface (S) antigen(s) or with antisera against alloantigens of infected cells. Immune spleen cell-mediated cytolysis of M-Ad-infected cells was also blocked in the presence of anti-S, anti-alloantigen or anti-beta 2m serum. Immunofluorescent antibody staining of S antigen(s) was blocked when infected cells were pretreated with anti-alloantigen or anti-beta 2m serum, whereas it was not blocked when they were pretreated with anti-mouse immunoglobulin or anti-Thy 1.2 serum. Conversely, immunofluorescent antibody staining of alloantigens was blocked when infected cells were pretreated with anti-S serum. These findings indicate that S and alloantigens are associated with each other or at least located very close to each other. PMID- 6968023 TI - In vitro studies on the immunological memory for antibody response to bovine serum albumin. AB - Immunological memory for T and B cells was studied in an in vitro culture system with spleen cells from mice primed with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Spleen cells taken from mice immunized at various times previously with a single intravenous injection of alum-precipitated (AP) BSA and bacterial endotoxin (ET) were cultured in Marbrook's system with dinitrophenylated (DNP) BSA as the in vitro antigen. In the cultures of spleen cells obtained from mice primed more than 14 days previously an IgG-predominant anti-BSA response was generated. However, no anti-BSA response was observed in the culture of spleen cells taken from mice primed 7 days previously (day 7 spleen cells). The failure of day 7 spleen cells to generate an antibody response in vitro was shown to be attributable to both the lack of B memory cells and the effect of "suppressive" macrophages induced by ET. On the other hand, anti-BSA memory in the spleen of mice primed with AP-BSA plus ET and 2 months later challenged with AP-BSA matured within 7 days and declined rather quickly by 30 days after the challenge. The difference in the time course of the generation of memory between the spleen cells from primary and from secondary immunized mice might be attributable to the difference in the maturation of memory B cells, since the time course of the development of memory T cells after the secondard immunization was similar to that observed after primary immunization. PMID- 6968022 TI - Regulation of the in vitro secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic response against syngeneic FBL-3 leukemia by macrophages. AB - Depletion of macrophages from immune spleen cells by treatment with carbonyl iron and magnet or by in vivo treatment with carrageenan enhanced the in vitro secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic response against a syngeneic Friend virus induced leukemia, FBL-3 cells of C57BL/6 mice. However, further depletion of macrophages by passing the carbonyl iron-treated immune spleen cells through a nylon wool column abrogated the cytotoxic response. The addition of splenic macrophage-enriched preparations from either FBL-3-immune or normal mice suppressed the cytotoxic response of immune spleen cells treated with carbonyl iron and magnet. This suppressive effect of splenic macrophages presented a marked contrast with the enhancing effect of normal peritoneal macrophages on the same cell-mediated cytotoxic response, indicating regulation of the generation of killer T cells against a syngeneic tumor by functionally distinct macrophages. The suppressed cell-mediated cytotoxic response against FBL-3 cells by immune spleen cells was augmented by the addition of indomethacin to the culture medium, and this augmentation with indomethacin was greatly decreased by depletion of phagocytic cells from the immune spleen by treatment with carbonyl iron and magnet. The mechanisms of regulation of the cell-mediated cytotoxic response with soluble factors released from macrophages are discussed. PMID- 6968024 TI - Coronary artery surgery in South Australia: second report. AB - This is the second report on the results of coronary artery grafting in South Australia. Symptomatic relief after grafting has continued at a high level (at five years, the conditions of 90.3% of surviving patients are improved as assessed by their cardiologists), and, in patients with significant symptoms, the operation can be recommended with a high degree of safety on these grounds alone. In addition, an attempt has been made to ascertain whether grafting alters longevity and, although more information is required on this point, the initial results are most encouraging with the five-year survival rate for operated patients being 92%, a figure which compares favourably with any large, medically treated group of patients. The operative mortality rate has continued to fall and is 2.2% for the entire series. PMID- 6968025 TI - Dermatitis. PMID- 6968026 TI - Effect of parathyroidectomy on exocrine pancreatic secretion. PMID- 6968027 TI - Mediastinal histoplasmosis. PMID- 6968028 TI - Frequency of neurologic diagnoses: Implications for curriculum design. PMID- 6968029 TI - Pleural peritoneal mesothelioma: a case report. PMID- 6968030 TI - Partial splenectomy in a child. PMID- 6968032 TI - Grand multiparity associated with unilateral renal, ovarian, and Mullerian agenesis. PMID- 6968031 TI - Interaction of ovarian hormones with normal endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6968034 TI - Proliferation of T gamma cells with killer-cell activity in patients with neutropenia. PMID- 6968033 TI - Patterns of injuries in college athletes: a retrospective study of injuries sustained in intercollegiate athletics in two colleges over a two-year period. PMID- 6968035 TI - Proliferation of T gamma cells with killer-cell activity in patients with neutropenia. PMID- 6968036 TI - Subpopulation of lymphocytes in the infiltrate of experimental sporotrichosis. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations of dermal infiltrated cells on experimental sporotrichosis of guinea pigs was performed. According to Tan's method, infected sites were incubated with collagenase and then mechanically disaggregated. The liberated cells were used for determination of lymphocytes subpopulation. The predominance of B cells was present on the inoculated site, compare with blood from control and inoculated animals. Thus, the present result suggests the important role of humoral immunity in the development of sporotrichosis lesion. PMID- 6968037 TI - Different target antigens for T-cell subsets acting synergistically in vivo. AB - After allogenic transplantation of lymphoid cells into immunologically incompetent recipients, a graft-versus-host (GvH) reaction can occur. The original observation that the GvH reaction is mediated by two interacting types of T cell has led to the proposal that T cells must be subdivided into two subpopulations according to life span and migratory properties. These consist of T1 cells, which are short-lived, sessile cells sensitive to adult thymectomy (ATx), and T2 cells, which are long-lived, recirculating cells sensitive to anti thymocyte serum (ATS). T1-T2 cooperation has also been demonstrated in vitro in murine and rat mixed lymphocyte culture. The question arises as to whether these T-cell subpopulations are activated by different or identical parts of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We report here that for optimal development of the anti-host immune response in a murine GvH reaction, T2 cells have to be amplified by T1 cells. The former cells are activated by a set of MHC gene products that are expressed mainly on immunological cells (H-2I-coded antigens), whereas the latter recognize a different set of MHC gene products that are expressed on almost all cells of the mouse (H-2K/D-coded antigens). PMID- 6968038 TI - Involvement of the B-lymphoid system in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. AB - Studies with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) isoenzymes have demonstrated that chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is a clonal disorder of pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells which are capable of differentiation to myeloid cells, monocytes, erthrocytes and platelets. It has been observed recently in G6PD heterozygous patients with chronic phase CML that the non-E rosetting lymphocytes were restricted to a single enzyme type, indicating that some lymphoid cells must also arise from the leukaemic clone. Surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin could be detected in up to 46% of the cells of these isolated non-T-lymphocyte populations, which suggested that cells from the CML clone were capable of differentiating into B lymphocytes. To investigate this further, we established Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with CML and studied chromosomes and G6PD to determine whether progenitor B lymphocytes for any of the cell lines had originated from the CML clone. We report here direct evidence that immunoglobulin synthesizing B lymphocytes can arise from the CML stem cell clone. PMID- 6968039 TI - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with chronic renal failure on long-term treatment with high doses of vitamin D2. AB - The present study was aimed at answering the following two questions: (1) What is the effect of high dose vitamin D treatment on the serum level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF)? (2) Is there any effect of urinary protein loss on the serum 25-OH-D levels during treatment with pharmacological doses of vitamin D? 42 patients with CRF were studied. They were treated conservatively by a low protein diet and received 15 mg of vitamin D2 once a week. Long-term administration of vitamin D caused a significant (5- to 7-fold) increase of plasma 25-OH-D level irrespective of the degree of proteinuria. This increase was noted only during the first 5 months of vitamin D2 treatment. Surprisingly only in some patients moderate hypercalcemia (> 2.75 mmol/l) was found. From the results obtained it is concluded that (1) patients with CRF differ from normal subjects in handling of high doses of vitamin D and (2) high dosage treatment with vitamin D may prevent hypocalcemia in patients with CRF in spite of high proteinuria. PMID- 6968040 TI - Vocational rehabilitation in dialyzed patients. A cross-sectional study. AB - The physicians in charge of 15 German hemodialysis units furnished data on 713 dialysis patients. Data relating to the vocational status were examined for 612 patients aged 60 years or below. It was found that the current working status varies with psychological and social factors. The data show that the vocational status is importantly influenced by the premorbid profession, the level of schooling and by the conditions of the local labor market. With the exception of severe complications or secondary diseases, no relation existed between the somatic state and the current working status. As assessed by the physicians in charge, most dialysis patients were able to work part time, but unable to work full time. Lack of facilities for, or financial disincentives against, part time employment are felt to be the single most important obstacle to vocational rehabilitation of dialysis patients. PMID- 6968041 TI - [Pain relief through transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Results on painful neurological disorders in 180 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 180 patients with painful neurological disorders were treated with TENS. The findings most frequently encountered when the treatment was successful are analyzed. Depending upon the etiology of the primary disorder, good results (i.e. pain relief of 20% or higher) were obtained as follows : -- Peripheral Nerve Involvement : Amputation - 35 cases; Traumatism - 13 cases ; Miscellaneous 7 cases. (87 %). -- Radicular Syndromes : Epidural scar and/or Arachnoiditis - 19 cases; Miscellaneous - 9 cases. (60 %). -- Post Herpetic Pain : 34 cases. (67 %). -- Brachial Plexus Lesions (Avulsions) : 12 cases. (25 %). -- Spinal Cord Disorders : 17 cases. (11 %). --Thalamic Pain : 5 cases. (0 %). -- Post-Radiation Pain or Carcinomatous Pain : 16 cases. (30 %). Satisfactory long-term results (over 3 years) were maintained in 80 % of cases of peripheral nerve involvement. In all other cases the percentage of pain relief decreased with follow-up. In this series the likelyhood of good results was associated with the following objective data : 1) Pain is generally secondary to deafferentation. 2) Pain is localized. 3) TENS application in close contact with the nervous structure innervating the painful area is more productive. 4) A relative preservation of lemniscal fibers to superior centers must be present so that stimulation can be transmitted. PMID- 6968042 TI - [Evaluation of the direct analgesic effect of ministimulators]. AB - Percutaneous electrostimulation is a new method of analgesia and it is hoped that good effects can be obtained in painful syndromes resistant to other therapeutic methods. Its basic advantage is the possibility of controlling the parameters during the stimulation by the patient who is wearing a miniaturized apparatus generating impulses of desired parameters. The authors tried out the effectiveness of ministimulators of Polish design for the treatment of neuralgic pains in inpatients and outpatients. The electrodes were placed at the sites of greatest pain and along peripheral nerves. The immediate analgesic effect of the stimulation, its degree and duration were evaluated. In 67% of patients an immediate improvement was obtained, and in 16% of them the pain disappeared completely. The authors stress that the effectiveness of this method equals that of various types of acupuncture and discuss a possible common mechanism of action of both methods. PMID- 6968043 TI - [Effect of ultrasonic stimulation of the lymphatic system on changes in subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis]. AB - In the years 1977-1979 after publication of the experiences of German authors a trial was undertaken of treating 63 patients with multiple sclerosis by means of ultrasonic stimulation of the lymphatic system. It was the purpose of the present work to check the effect of this method on the subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 20 patients. These investigations were carried out using rosette tests EAC, AE, E which were performed three times in each case: before the onset of treatment, after the first procedure and after the last procedure. These investigations demonstrated significant differences between the mean values of EAC and EA rosettes before and after the treatment--a rise in the number of lymphocytes B (EAC rosettes) and a fall of lymphocytes T (EA rosettes). PMID- 6968044 TI - [Non-specific immunologic reactivity in epilepsy]. AB - Humoral and cell-mediated immunity was determined in 28 epileptics, in 22 patients observed and investigated because of an only one seizure, and 26 healthy controls. Anticonvulsants had not been used in the treatment of these cases up to that time. The total lymphocyte count and the count of lymphocytes forming spontaneously rosettes with sheep erythrocytes were found to be significantly lower in the group of patients with epilepsy of unknown aetiology in relation to controls. The quantitative changes in the composition of the lymphocyte population were not significant and caused, probably, no immunological deficit, but were only a reaction to organic damage to the nervous system. Slight disturbances in the functions of the immune system cannot be, however, ruled out since this group showed also a significantly higher IgG level which suggests long standing antigenic stimulation. No defect in IgA synthesis and disorders of the cell-mediated immunity (blastic transformation test, leucocyte migration inhibition test, skin test) were demonstrated in this study, although they had been reported by some authors in cases of epilepsy, mainly, however, in patients treated with anticonvulsants. In the patients having started anticonvulsive treatment these investigations will be repeated for establishing the effect of drugs on the immune reactions. PMID- 6968045 TI - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of hemorrhage secondary to intracranial aneurysm. (author's transl)]. AB - In 168 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms, the pathology of intracranial hemorrhage visualized on CT was analyzed. Blood in the subarachnoid space could be visualized in 95% of cases within three days after SAH and 75% of 106 cases within two weeks after SAH. In one case blood clot in the subarachnoid space visible up to 13 days after SAH. Concerning the cases within two weeks after the bleeding, intracerebral hematomas were observed in 36% of anterior cerebral aneurysms and middle cerebral aneurysms, 16% of internal carotid aneurysms and none of vetebro-basilar aneurysms. The incidence of the intraventricular hemorrhage was as follows; vertebro-basilar, 44%; anterior cerebral, 38%; internal carotid, 28%; middle cerebral, 12%. On the basis of the pattern of distribution of extravasated blood the location of the ruptured aneurysm was properly predicted in 58% of anterior cerebral, 81% of middle cerebral, 58% of internal carotid and 30% of vertebro-basilar. Especially CT could contribute to predict which aneurysm has ruptured in patients with multiple aneurysms. It was possible to localize the site of bleeding in 11 out of 12 CT positive cases. The development of intracranial hemorrhage demonstrated by CT well correlated with the clinical grading of the patients and the clinical outcome. Patients merely showing subarachnoid hemorrhage were more likely to have good neurological grades, but ones showing complicated intracerebral hematomas and intraventricular hemorrhage had poor neurological grades at the time of the scan. The findings of extensive subarachnoid clot, which were followed by severe vasospasm, and marked intraventricular hemorrhage, usually correlated with poor prognosis. These pathology recognizable on CT was very helpful in determination of the timing of surgery and management of such patients. In conclusion CT is of great value in the examination of SAH when performed in the acute stage and should be the initial examination followed by angiography. PMID- 6968046 TI - Chronic dorsal column stimulation: effects on H reflex and symptoms in a patient with multiple sclerosis. AB - In a case of severe multiple sclerosis primarily affecting the spinal cord, dorsal column stimulation over a 2-year period was followed by some functional improvement in locomotion. Additionally, the H reflex recovery cycle, which was quite abnormal before stimulation, showed a pronounced shift toward a more normal pattern with dorsal column stimulation. These data provide objective support for the apparent symptomatic relief by this procedure in such cases. PMID- 6968047 TI - Prolonging effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on trace processes in unit activity. PMID- 6968048 TI - Cytochemical marking of T lymphocytes in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Demonstration of nonspecific acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity is a simple and practical method for classifying mononuclear cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. In addition to mononuclear phagocytes, T lymphocytes may also be characterized. PMID- 6968050 TI - Problem oriented records in the occupational health setting. PMID- 6968049 TI - [Clinico-immunological studies of 32 cases of bone tumors]. AB - We have studied 32 patients with different bone neoplasias. 18 had osteogenic sarcoma. Clinical and immunological observations led us to consider our results as a general approach to the problem. No specific conclusions can be made. We describe 3 patients treated with levamisole therapy and two with transfer factor. In single patients some useful observations are connected about relationship between treated and non-treated patients. PMID- 6968051 TI - Myospherulosis of the jaws. AB - Two cases of myospherulosis are reported. The history, histopathology, and nature of this condition are discussed. The placement of antibiotic ointment with a petrolatum base in oral wounds may be of significance. Petrolatum may provoke an inflammatory reaction and remain in tissue for years. PMID- 6968054 TI - A quantitative study of the membrane antigens on leukaemic and normal T cells in the PVG rat. AB - Membrane antigens on PVG leukaemic cells have been compared with those on normal PVG peripheral T cells by studying the capacity of the cells to bind antibodies against these cell types. The antibody bound has been quantitated by secondary binding of a radiolabelled anti-immunoglobulin. It was shown that the leukaemic cell lacks the peripheral thymus-derived lymphocyte antigens which the normal PVG peripheral T lymphocyte carries. In this respect, in its reduced distribution of the W3/13 antigen compared with T cells, as revealed by binding of the hybridoma monoclonal antibody W3/13, and in its abundance of Thy 1.1 antigen, the leukaemic cell resembles the immature thymocyte, rather than the mature T lymphocyte. This antigenic profile represents an illustration of de-differentiation of tumour cells at the molecular level. Two antigens shared by PVG leukaemic cells, normal PVG peripheral T cells and thymocytes were indicated by absorption studies with antisera against the leukaemic cell. In an immunotherapy model, treatment with AUG cells sensitized against the PVG leukaemia cell resulted in elimination of leukaemic cells from PVG rats. The peripheral T cell antigens clearly cannot be antigen(s) recognized by the AUG rat on the leukaemic cell, since the present studies indicate the absence of peripheral T cell antigens on this cell. PMID- 6968053 TI - Acute leukemia in childhood: comparison of immunological histochemical and clinical findings. PMID- 6968052 TI - Oral antipyretic therapy evaluation of the propionic acid derivatives ibuprofen, ketoprofen, fenoprofen and naproxen. PMID- 6968055 TI - [Effect of cerebrolysin on the function of the vestibulo-oculomotor and vestibulo optokinetic systems in experimental postnatal hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 6968056 TI - [Differential effect of steroid female sex hormones on the T- and B-dependent immunity systems]. PMID- 6968057 TI - [Role of T- and B-lymphocytes in intrauterine infections of newborn infants]. PMID- 6968058 TI - Effects of some amino acids (GABA, glycine, taurine) and of their antagonists (picrotoxin, strychnine) on spatial and temporal features of frog retinal ganglion cell responses. AB - When intravitreally injected in the frog, GABA reduced the receptive field area of transient retinal ganglion cells, and it decreased the response duration and the number of spikes both at ON and at OFF. Conversely, its antagonist picrotoxin provoked an increase in the duration of both ON and OFF discharges as well as a marked increase in the number of spikes. Furthermore, picrotoxin provoked a marked increase in the size of the receptive field of both sustained and ON-OFF cells by abolishing the inhibition exerted by the surround upon the centre of the field. Glycine and taurine did not affect the size of the receptive field of these ganglion cells. They had no effect on the responses of sustained ganglion cells, while they totally suppressed OFF discharges of transient ganglion cells, without modifying their ON discharges. Conversely, their antagonist strychnine totally suppressed the ON dishcarges while the OFF discharges were still recorded, though with a reduced number of spikes and an increased latency, An histoautoradiographic study, carried out in parallel, showed that GABA is taken up by both horizontal cells and amacrine cells, while glycine and taurine are taken up by the amacrine cells only. PMID- 6968059 TI - Immunological changes of lymphocytes in various ages and in carcinoma. PMID- 6968060 TI - [Peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocyte number in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6968062 TI - [Immunological studies in psoriasis. T- and B-lymphocyte count]. PMID- 6968061 TI - [Tet60 and Tet18h rosette tests in breast cancer or Hodgkin's disease and in healthy persons]. PMID- 6968063 TI - [Immunological status and the results of levamisole treatment of patients with lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6968064 TI - [Activity of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase in the leukocytes of healthy persons and in hematologic diseases]. PMID- 6968065 TI - [Comparative studies of nasal and pharyngeal bacterial flora in children from the day care center and nursery belonging to the Dana Textile Factory in Szczecin]. PMID- 6968066 TI - [Sugiura's operation and its modification in the treatment of portal hypertension (early results)]. PMID- 6968067 TI - [Morphometric study of the effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on the activity of various hypothalamic centers in rats depending on the state of their sexual system]. AB - The effect of 5-oxytryptophan (serotonin metabolic precursor), injected intraperitoneally to female rats (intact and with deafferented mediobasal hypothalamus) on the activity of a number of hypothalamic centres was studied. The activity of cells, both outside and inside the isolated area, proved to alter under the effect of 5-oxytryptophan. The direction of these effects depends on the initial state of the hypothalamic centres and on the hormone in whose presence serotonin acts. PMID- 6968068 TI - [Effect of becotide on the immunologic reactivity of guinea pigs infected with tuberculosis]. PMID- 6968069 TI - [Tuberculosis among children and adolescents in Omsk]. PMID- 6968070 TI - Carbohydrate-binding component of amphibian embryo cell surfaces: restriction to surface regions capable of cell adhesion. AB - Superficial cells from early amphibian embryos display regional specializations of their cell surfaces. That portion of the plasma membrane facing the perivitelline space (apical surface) is nonadhesive, whereas, in the same cell, the lateral and basal portions of the plasma membrane will adhere to other cells. These adhesive differences are maintained on single cells that have been dissociated from the intact embryo. Extracts of cleavage-stage Rana pipiens embryos are capable of agglutinating formalinized sheep erythrocytes. The hemagglutination activity can be blocked by a yeast mannan and a family of glycoproteins containing high levels of mannose, indicating the presence of a lectin with oligomannosyl specificity. The cell surface location of this carbohydrate-binding component can be demonstrated by the ability of the formalinized sheep erythrocytes to form rosettes with living dissociated embryonic superficial cells. Rosette formation is blocked by the same inhibitors that are effective in blocking the activity of the crude extracts. The formalinized sheep erythrocytes form rosettes only to those cell surface regions of the superficial cells that are capable of adhering to other amphibian embryo cells. Receptors for concanavalin A, a lectin that binds D-mannose and D-glucose residues, have also been shown to be present exclusively over the adhesive regions of the superficial cells. The involvement of a carbohydrate-binding component with oligomannosyl specificity in the adhesive mechanisms of these cells is suggested by this restriction of both the embryonic amphibian lectin and its possible receptors (concanavalin A receptors) to adhesive regions of the cell surface. PMID- 6968071 TI - Microtubule assembly and conanavalin A capping in lymphocytes: reappraisal using normal and abnormal human peripheral blood cells. AB - We have analyzed the assembly of microtubules and the distribution of concanavalin A(Con A)-receptor complexes in the same populations of human peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes. We hoped to resolve the prolonged controversy over the relationship of microtubules to Con A cap formation in lymphocytes and to explain the abnormally high spontaneous and colchicine-induced Con A capping that was observed recently in lymphocytes from a patient with an inherited form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) characterized by total immunologic dysfunction despite normal numbers and distribution of T and B cells. The data establish that (i) microtubule disassembly is correlated with enhanced Con A cap formation on normal human lymphocytes; (ii) T and B cells differ significantly from each other and from circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes with respect to their capping responses after exposure to colchicine; and (iii) there is an abnormal relationship of microtubule assembly to surface topography in the functionally defective SCID cells. PMID- 6968073 TI - Isolation and partial chemical characterization of the IgG Fc receptor of human T lymphocytes and production of an antiserum. AB - We report here the isolation of an IgG Fc receptor from normal human T lymphocytes. The purified receptor has a nonreduced and a reduced component of molecular weights 120,000 and 60,000, respectively, and it was functionally active in the in vitro blocking of rosette formation between T lymphocytes and IgG-coated ox erythrocytes. An antiserum raised to the Fc receptor and an isolated F(ab')2 fragment of this antiserum, also blocked rosette formation between T cells and IgG-coated ox erythrocytes. In contrast, rosette formation between T lymphocytes and IgM-coated ox or sheep erythrocytes was not blocked by the F(ab')2 fragment, demonstrating the marked specificity of this antiserum for the IgG Fc receptor. In addition, this antiserum did not block the Fc receptors of non-T cells, indicating that the T-cell IgG Fc receptor has unique antigenic determinants not shared with B cells. PMID- 6968072 TI - Genetics of cell surface receptors for bioactive polypeptides: binding of epidermal growth factor is associated with the presence of human chromosome 7 in human-mouse cell hybrids. AB - Mouse A9 cells, L-cell-derived mutants deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT; IMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.8) were found to be incapable of binding (125)I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the cell surface. The A9 cells were fused with human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38) possessing EGF-binding ability, and human-mouse cell hybrids (TA series) were isolated after hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine/ouabain selection. Analyses of isozyme markers and chromosomes of four representative clones of TA hybrids indicated that the expression of EGF-binding ability is correlated with the presence of human chromosome 7 or 19. Four subclones were isolated from an EGF-binding-positive line, TA-4, and segregation of EGF-binding was found to be concordant with the expression of human mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDHM; L-malate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37), a marker for chromosome 7, but not with glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI; D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.9), a marker for chromosome 19. Furthermore, evidence from 27 clones of AUG hybrids that were produced between A9 and another human fibroblast line, GM1696, carrying an X/7 chromosome translocation indicated that EGF-binding ability segregates together with human MDHM and two X-linked markers, HPRT and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD; D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP(+) 1 oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49), that are located on the translocation chromosome 7p(+). These results permit assignment of the gene, designated EGFS, which is associated with the expression of EGF-binding ability, to human chromosome 7 and its localization to the p22-qter region. Because the EGF receptor is reported to be a glycoprotein the EGFS could be either a structural gene(s) for receptor protein or a gene(s) for modifying the receptor protein through glycosylation. PMID- 6968075 TI - Antidepressants and the control of predatory behavior. PMID- 6968074 TI - Evidence that respiratory depression by serotonin agonists may be exerted in the central nervous system. AB - Resting with CO2 stimulated respiration were measured by means of a whole body plethysmograph in rats lightly anesthetized with halothane. The respiratory effects of different doses of the serotonin precursor 5-HTP, and the serotonin agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine were studied as well as the effects of a serotonin antagonist methysergide and p-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis. The serotonergic agonists decreased tidal volume and minute volume in a dose dependent manner and produced a respiratory acidosis. The respiratory depressant effect was antagonized by methysergide, and the serotonergic antagonist and synthesis inhibitor alone stimulated respiration. Rats given intraventricular 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine also evidenced a decrease in tidal volume, and this response was greater in animals given 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine. It seems likely that CNS serotonin receptors are involved in the control of both basal and CO2 stimulated respiration. PMID- 6968077 TI - [Antifibrinolytic therapy of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Permeation of oral paraaminomethylbenzoic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - Studies of the permeation of PAMBA in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with intact or disturbed BBB function after oral administration of 6 g and withdrawal of the spinal fluid after 120 minutes exclusively showed concentrations which were below the identification threshold of the method using 1 micron per millilitre. Patients suffering from subarachnoidal haemorrhages mainly showed a permeation of PAMBA in the cerebrospinal fluid which, however, only rarely reached the lower therapeutically necessary concentration. PMID- 6968076 TI - Effects of L-DOPA and L-5-HTP on the visual evoked response. PMID- 6968081 TI - [201T1-myocardial perfusion image by single photon emission CT (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968080 TI - Determining cerebral death with radiologic diagnostic procedures. PMID- 6968078 TI - [Role of the blood-labyrinth barrier in the reactions of the vestibular analyzer to irradiation]. PMID- 6968079 TI - [Mouse immune response to prolonged tritium oxide intake]. PMID- 6968082 TI - [External progressive ophtalmoplegia and cochleovestibular function (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968084 TI - [Caloric test with air results in 140 normal subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968083 TI - [Auditory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of cerebello-pontine angles tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968088 TI - Myelopoietic stem cells (CFUc) in the blood and bone marrow of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphosarcoma, cultivated without an exogenous supply of colony stimulating factor (CSF). AB - 26 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 7 additional patients with lymphosarcoma in leukaemic transformation (LSA) have been studied with respect to the content of myelopoietic stem cell (CFUc) in blood and bone marrow. The methylcellulose culture technique (Iscove et al 1974) was employed in the absence of an exogenous source of colony stimulating factor (CSF). During active disease, CFUc colony formation was absent from patients with ALL, but was present in 2 patients with LSA. 2 therapeutic regimens were employed. Colony formation from bone marrow CFUc was highly variable during remission maintained by either regimen, with no clear relation to clinical stage, number of monocytes or circulating neutrophils. Patients with LSA consistently had high numbers of bone marrow CFUc. CFUc were low or absent from the blood. In conclusion, CFUc are absent from the bone marrow in active ALL, but may be present in active LSA. For the purpose of monitoring children with ALL during therapy, determination of blood or bone marrow CFUc was not found in this study to be helpful. PMID- 6968085 TI - Hand arthropathy: a clue to the diagnosis of the Kniest (Swiss cheese cartilage) dysplasia. PMID- 6968089 TI - Lymphocyte size and survival of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B type). AB - In 57 cases of B-type chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL), the size of peripheral blood lymphocytes was estimated by means of transmission electron microscopy. The mean lymphocyte diameter (MLD) of 50 cells was correlated with the clinical staging as well as the survival. 30 out of 38 patients found in stages 0, I, and II displayed a normal or increased MLD. Conversely, this value was decreased in 12 out of 17 cases in stages III and IV. MLD of patients in clinical stages III and IV was significantly lower as compared with MLD of patients in stages 0, I, and II (P < 0.001). The actuarial curve of 57 patients showed a roughly estimated median survival probability of 43 months. This was of more than 54 months in patients with normal or increased MLD, but only of 22 months in those with a decreased MLD. The difference between these 2 survival curves was statistically significant (P < 0.01). A reduced peripheral blood lymphocyte size, as estimated in suspension by means of transmission electron microscopy, appears to have a bad prognostic significance. PMID- 6968087 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of microcrystals implicated in human rheumatic diseases. AB - Scanning electron microscopy has been used in conjunction with wavelength dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy and in correlation with X-Ray diffraction to define the populations of crystals present in rheumatic diseases. Microcrystals of monosodium urate, triclinic and monoclinic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, apatite, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and corticosteroids, among others, have been found in synovial fluid, in the intraarticular tissues (fibrocartilage, cartilage, and synovial membrane), and in the periarticular tissues (tendons and ectopic calcifications). Scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with wavelength dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy has made it possible to detect microcrystals, even isolated, to describe their morphologies, and to study their relations with the cells of the synovial fluid and with the collagenous and cellular structures of the synovial membrane and of the cartilage. It cannot replace X-Ray diffraction for the conclusive identification of microcrystals, but it can certainly help to improve the analysis of the various populations of crystals present in articular and periarticular rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6968086 TI - Aspects of the T and B lymphocyte surface architecture in chronic internal diseases with immune component. Scanning electron microscopy studies. AB - Investigations on the T and B lymphocyte surface architecture were carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in 102 patients with various chronic internal diseases such as chronic hepatitis, diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a.o. The clinical and biological examination performed in these cases reveled also some cytochemical, biochemical and immune disturbances. Emphasis is laid on the superiority of SEM, as compared with the E and EAC rosette tests, for the identification of T and B lymphocytes. Moreover, by detecting certain cellular anomalies, SEM can provide useful indications regarding the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the above mentioned diseases. Association of SEM with other clinical and laboratory investigations can either confirm, disapprove or even enhance the value of the morphological findings by electron microscopy. PMID- 6968090 TI - A two-signal mechanism for the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Depletion of adherent cells from stimulator and responder lymphocytes by a single filtration through nylon wool columns led to complete abrogation of the cytotoxic response to the stimulating alloantigen. Cytotoxic responses were restored by adding anti-Thy-1 + complement-greated normal peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) syngeneic or allogeneic to the responding population. Alternatively, the response could be reconstituted with costimulator, a lymphokine obtained by stimulation of spleen cells with concanavalin A. Costimulator was not itself cytotoxic and induced few or no cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CL) in the absence of stimulator cells. Costimulator was also more efficient than allogeneic PEC, which in turn were more efficient than syngeneic PEC, in reconstituting the cytotoxic response. The number of CL produced to the activating alloantigen was shown to increase with increasing concentration of costimulator. More interestingly, in the presence of a relatively high concentration of costimulator, CL were also activated to target cells that differ in H-2 haplotype from the stimulating alloantigen. Lysis of the third-party target cells could not be inhibited by cold targets syngeneic to the activating alloantigen. A clonal assay for cytotoxic precursors was used to confirm that CL for the activating alloantigen and CL for the third-party H-2 antigens were derived from different progenitors. Only about 37% of the cytotoxic clones produced were specific for the activating alloantigen. These observations are explained in terms of a two-signal model of CL activation. PMID- 6968091 TI - Mouse immunoglobulin D: messenger RNA and genomic DNA sequences. AB - The molecular structure of a mouse immunoglobulin D from a plasmacytoma tumor and that of the normal mouse gene coding for immunoglobulin D are presented. The DNA sequence results indicate an unusual structure for the tumor delta chain in two respects: (i) Only two constant (C) region domains, termed C delta 1 and C delta 3 by homology considerations, are found; the two domains are separated by an unusual hinge region C delta H that lacks cysteine residues and thus cannot provide the covalent cross-links between heavy chains typically seen in immunoglobulins. The two domains and hinge are all coded on separate exons. (ii) At the carboxyl end of the delta chain there is a stretch of 26 amino acids that is coded from an exon located 2750 to 4600 base pairs downstream from the rest of the gene. Analogy with immunoglobulin M suggests that this distally coded segment C delta DC may have a membrane-binding function; however, it is only moderately hydrophobic. A fifth potential exon (C delta AC), located adjacent to the 3' (carboxyl) end of C delta 3, could code for a stretch of 49 amino acids. The tumor's expression of the delta gene may be aberrant, but the simplest interpretation would be that this tumor expresses one of the several biologically significant forms of the delta chain. PMID- 6968092 TI - Acoustic responses after total destruction of the cochlear receptor: brainstem and auditory cortex. AB - Acoustically evoked neural activity has been recorded from the brainstem and auditory cortex of guinea pigs after complete destruction of the organ of Corti by the aminoglycosidic antibiotic amikacin. These responses to sound differ in important respects from the evoked potentials normally recorded from the auditory pathways. At the brainstem level they resemble the potentials reported by others after stimulation of the vestibular nerve. PMID- 6968094 TI - Lupus subsets: relationship to genetic and environmental factors. PMID- 6968093 TI - Epidermal growth factor is a major growth-promoting agent in human milk. AB - Human milk stimulates DNA synthesis in cell cultures in which growth has been arrested. The mitogenic activity of milk is neutralized by the addition of antibody to human epidermal growth factor. The results identify epidermal growth factor as a major growth-promoting agent in breast milk. PMID- 6968095 TI - [T-cell leukaemia with receptors for IgG Fc-fraction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968096 TI - [A new report of haemolytic disease of the newborn due to IgG anti-M (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968097 TI - Cysticercosis cerebri occluding the foramen of Monro. AB - Cysticercosis cerebri is a rare neurological diagnosis, which is usually made at the time of operation or at autopsy. Few cases have been reported in North America, and these were usually found in immigrants and in domestic travelers who lived in infested countries. Cysticercosis cerebri is classically divided into four general types: 1) intraparenchymal, 2) basilar cisternal, 3) ventricular, and 4) diffuse cerebral. We are presenting a unique case of solitary ventricular cysticercosis occluding the foramen of Monro, and producing an asymmetrical obstructive hydrocephalus. PMID- 6968098 TI - Spinal arteriovenous malformation with Kartagener's syndrome. AB - A case of spinal arteriovenous malformation associated with Kartagener's syndrome is reported. The association would suggest the congenital nature of both pathologic conditions. PMID- 6968099 TI - Hematomas of the pons. AB - Two cases of hematomas located in the latral portion of the pons that were erroneously diagnosed preoperatively as cerebellopontine angle tumors are presented. In both cases, the hematomas were evacuated successfully. Lateropontine hematomas must be included in the differential diagnosis of the cerebellopontine angle syndrome. PMID- 6968102 TI - Treatment of bleeding esophageal varices by transabdominal esophageal transection with the EEA stapling instrument. AB - Six cirrhotic patients underwent emergency esophageal transection utilizing the EEA Auto Suture stapling instrument for treatment of unrelenting variceal hemorrhage. All were grade C, and the combination of ascites, encephalopathy, and jaundice was present in four. All were critically ill with ancillary medical problems, including recent subtotal gastrectomy with sepsis and dehiscence, coexisting malignant biliary obstruction, and respiratory insufficiency. All were anergic to skin testing. Four died in the postoperative period, primarily of problems related to sepsis and ascites present before operation. Autopsy showed a well-healed anastomosis without stricture and complete interruption of the varices in all. No patient had recurrent bleeding. All received oral or tube feedings after operation. Two survive at 2 and 1.5 years with no recurrence of varices. This is a rapid, simple, and effective technique which can be done with minimal blood loss or training. There is no diversion of portal blood and minimal interruption of collateral circulation. Whereas the long-term benefits in terms of rebleeding are not yet known, results to date suggest a trial earlier and in better risk patients as a definitive treatment procedure. PMID- 6968100 TI - The Framingham Eye Study: an editorial. PMID- 6968103 TI - Clinical failures with cimetidine. PMID- 6968101 TI - Gastroduodenal and pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms: a complication of pancreatitis causing spontaneous gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - Aneurysmal degeneration of gastroduodenal and pancreaticoduodenal arteries due to acute and chronic forms of pancreatitis is uncommon. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to these vascular lesions has been recognized in only 23 patients. Eight of these patients, including five with gastroduodenal and three with pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms, have been encountered at the University of Michigan Medical Center. Selective mesenteric arteriography provided the greatest diagnostic specificity. Computerized axial tomography was of discriminate diagnostic value in two patients. Seven of eight patients underwent surgical therapy: transcystic arterial ligation and external pancreatic pseudocyst drainage (four), arterial ligation with abscess drainage (two), and pancreaticoduodenectomy (one). Three patients died after operation from intraabdominal sepsis as well as delayed arterial hemorrhage. Earlier operative intervention, dictated by the patient's clinical status and relevant anatomic findings, may improve survival rates in this complex disease state. PMID- 6968104 TI - [Study on man of biochemical and hematological tolerance of isonixine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968105 TI - A comparison of the quantitative ristocetin von Willebrand factor assay by using fresh and fixed platelets. PMID- 6968106 TI - The effect of vitamin D2 on hypocalcemia in patients under chronic hemodialysis. AB - The effects of vitamin D2 (VD2) on hypocalcemia were studied in 54 hypocalcemic patients (29 males and 25 females) on chronic hemodialysis. Calcium lactate (3 g/day) or VD2 (10,000 IU/day, 50,000 IU/day and 80,000 IU/day) were administered for 4 months in order to correct the hypocalcemia. Serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase levels were measured and the effects of VD2 on these parameters of calcium metabolism were followed. 1) Calcium lactate or 10,000 IU/day of VD2 were not effective for the correction of hypocalcemia, while 50,000 80,000 IU/day of VD2 were effective. The effects of VD2 on serum calcium concentrations were dose-dependent, and the normalization of serum calcium concentrations was achieved more rapidly with higher doses of VD2. However, in the group treated with 80,000 IU/day of VD2, many patients developed hypercalcemia, but in the group treated with 50,000 IU/day of VD2, only a few patients did it. From these results, suitable dose (initial and maintenance doses) of VD2 in dialysed patients would be 50,000 IU/day. 2) When the responder group (normal serum calcium levels after 4 months of treatment with 50,000 IU/day of VD2) and the non-responder group serum calcium levels lower than 4.2 mEq/liter on the same condition) were compared, the durations of dialysis were significantly shorter in the former than those in the latter. This fact may suggest that the effects of VD2 administration on hypocalcemia in dialysed patients are partly dependent on the residual renal function concerning the conversion of 25-OH-D3 into 1,25 (OH)2D3. PMID- 6968107 TI - Freeze-fracture and microviscosity of lymphocyte membranes in myasthenia gravis. AB - Alterations of membrane surface and membrane microviscosity were studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes from myasthenic patients and compared with those from healthy subjects and SLE patients. The membrane ultramicrostructure of myasthenic lymphocytes was changed less than those of healthy and SLE lymphocytes. It showed slightly clustered MAP with larger diameters and less density than the healthy lymphocytes and with less prominent wavy surfaces than SLE lymphocytes. The microviscosity of the myashtenic lymphocytes was significantly lower that of the healthy controls and correlated well with clinical severity and the titers of anti-AchR anti-body and T cell membrane binding antibody. Con A, AHLA, and myasthenic sera reduced the microviscosities of the healthy lymphocytes. These results showed that the morphological changes of the lymphocyte surface were reflected in the alteration of microviscosity of lymphocytes through the interaction between surface receptors of T lymphocytes and anti-membrane antibody, especially anti-AchR antibody and T cell membrane binding antibody in patients with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6968108 TI - Cellular immunity to secretory IgA (as a common duct antigen of exocrine glands) in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Autoimmunity to salivary duct cells has been suggested in Sjogren's symdrome (SjS). We were interested in the secretory component (SC) of secretory IgA (s IgA) as a common duct cell antigen of systemic exocrine glands because of the possible analogy between SC in SjS and thyroglobulin in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Therefore, we isolated s-IgA as a source of SC from human milk and investigated lymphocyte responses to s-IgA in patients with SjS. Higher mitogenic indices against s-IgA were demonstrated in SjS than in rheumatoid arthritis, other autoimmune diseases and normal persons. In addition, mitogenic indices in patients with SjS alone were significantly higher than those in SjS patients with associated diseases. These results suggest both the role of SC as a common antigen of exocrine glands in the pathology of SjS, and the presence of an etiologically different subgroup in patients with SjS. PMID- 6968109 TI - Dizziness and vertigo in vertebrobasilar disease. Part II. Central causes and vertebrobasilar disease. PMID- 6968111 TI - [Vestibular disorders in the disturbances of intracranial pressure]. PMID- 6968113 TI - Ophthalmology: a practitioner's perspective. PMID- 6968115 TI - Differential diagnosis and clinical considerations of ocular pain. PMID- 6968110 TI - Case profile: pelvic chondrosarcoma causing urinary retention. PMID- 6968112 TI - [Characteristics of cellular immunity in the surgical treatment of precancerous and malignant stomach diseases]. AB - The state of cell immunity was studied in 30 patients with precancerous processes (polyps and ulcers) and 30 patients with malignant tumors of the stomach. It was established that such indices of cell immunity as the amount of circulating T and B lymphocytes could be used for the assessment of the degree of "higher risk" of the appearance of malignization of the stomach, for the choice of the extensiveness of surgery in gastric cancer and for prognosis of the outcome. PMID- 6968114 TI - The role of the primary veterinarian in the management of the referral patient. PMID- 6968116 TI - Current concepts in ocular pharmacology. PMID- 6968118 TI - Removal of a luxated lens and anterior vitrectomy using a disposable vitreophage. PMID- 6968117 TI - Pathophysiology of retinal disease. PMID- 6968119 TI - Fusion with mouse thymocytes leads to expression of p30 antigen in fibroblasts of BALB/Mo mice. PMID- 6968120 TI - Change of threshold after light-adaptation of the chromatic response of the frog's pineal organ (Stirnorgan). PMID- 6968121 TI - [Sinusoidal modulated currents in the overall treatment of children after open reduction of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 6968122 TI - [Effect of the combined use of decimeter-band waves and drug electroaerosols on cardiac hemodynamics in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases (based on lung rheographic data)]. PMID- 6968123 TI - [Pneumocystis infection in chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children]. PMID- 6968124 TI - [State of the peripheral blood circulation and vascular permeability in rheumatism]. PMID- 6968125 TI - Agreement, suggestions and predictions concerning coronary artery bypass operations. PMID- 6968126 TI - A twelve-year review of treatment of massive gastroduodenal bleeding. PMID- 6968127 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries in the cervical region by means of electrostimulation]. PMID- 6968128 TI - [Immunosuppressive activity of the serum in burns]. AB - The authors investigated the immunosuppressive activity of the serum in the course of the experimental burn disease in rabbits and even in the course of the burn disease in the thermically injured man. The increase of the concentration of isolated serum protein fraction caused a decrease of the spontaneously rose forming lymphocytes. PMID- 6968130 TI - [Therapy of bleeding mucosal erosion of the stomach with secretin]. AB - In a prospective study patients with bleeding from acute gastric mucosal lesions were treated by i.v. infusions of secretin. 67 patients received natural secretin (Karolinska-Institut Stockholm), 14 patients received synthetic secretin (Firma Hoechst Frankfurt). In 64 of the 67 patients (95%) who received natural secretin, bleeding stopped within the first 12 hours. In 18 of these 64 patients (28%) bleeding recurred after cessation of secretin infusion; all recurrences were stopped by secretin. In one of the 14 patients who received synthetic secretin, bleeding could not be stopped. In three of the remaining 13 patients bleeding recurred after cessation of secretin infusion, but could be stopped again by continuation of secretin infusion. Severe side effects were not observed. Secretin seems to be an effective drug in the treatment of stress ulcer bleeding. PMID- 6968131 TI - alpha 1-antitrypsin subtypes in the populations of Germany, Ecuador, Afghanistan, Cameroon, and Saudi-Arabia. PMID- 6968129 TI - [Animal experimental studies on revascularization of an acute ischemic myocardium by arterialization of the venous sinus]. AB - The effectiveness of arterialisation of venous sinus by the acute catch of a coronary artery ws inspected by 36 dogs. The myocard was protected by means of this method for ischemia and necrosis throughout duration of the attempt of 6 hours. PMID- 6968132 TI - [Etofenamate (Rheumon gel). Quickly effective, risk-reduced rheumatism therapy through cutaneous application]. PMID- 6968133 TI - [Tuberculous bronchoesophageal fistula in an infant]. AB - A 2 1/2 months-old infant is reported with the rare complication of bronchooesophageal fistula following tuberculosis. The clinical picture and management, which led to a complete cure, are described and discussed. The causation of such fistula formation is discussed. PMID- 6968134 TI - [Psychosomatic parameters in urolithiasis and their relation to sex and type of calculus--study using a modified complaint questionnaire]. AB - In the present paper 515 patients with renal calculi were examined for psychosomatic parameters and correlations to the sorts of calculi were rendered. The distribution of the various blood groups of carriers of calculi indicated a syntropy between the blood groups AD as well as 0D and calcium oxalate lithiasis. In comparison to the epidemiology for diabetes mellitus and diseases of the rheumatic forms among patients with nephrolithiasis resulted in a manifoldly higher morbidity than in the average of the population. About one quarter of all patients with lithiasis examined thinks that it undergoes negative stress situations. They feel overloaded in their profession or by other activities and without a sufficient possibility for rest at the week-end. A coarse estimation of the psychic state had the result that female as well as male carriers of calculi are to be called "questionably neurotic", where it seems not be so pronounced in males. PMID- 6968136 TI - [Current methods of migraine reflexotherapy]. AB - Results of treating 166 patients from migraine by reflexotherapy methods (acupuncture, electropuncture, electroacupuncture) are presented along with the data of clinico-genealogical, electrophysiological (EEG, REG, OPG, ECG) and biochemical (serotonine, histamine, and dopamine blood levels) examinations performed prior to and after the reflexotherapy course. Recommendations for treating migraine with reference to the form, stage, intensity, and localization of the headache are given. A positive effect of the reflexotherapy was obtained in 95.9% of the patients: this was confirmed by the control clinico electrophysiological and biochemical findings. PMID- 6968137 TI - [Antithymic factor in schizophrenia patients]. AB - The paper concerns results of the studies, accomplished according to the WHO project within the framework of international collaboration in biological psychiatry. It was demonstrated that the blood sera of mental patients and normals possess antithymic activity. However there are statistically significant differences between the groups of patients and normals with regard to the level of sera antithymic activity (0,22 +/- 0,05 in normals and 0,47 +/- 0,04 in patients, p < 0,05). The medium level of antithymic activity in the group of schizophrenic patients depends upon the duration of the disease. The level of sera antithymic activity was significantly higher (p < 0,05) in the group of patients with a duration of the disease less than 5 years and lower in patients with a duration of the process over 5 years. PMID- 6968135 TI - [Effect of low-molecular weight thymus factor on the M-rosette-forming function of human blood lymphocytes]. PMID- 6968138 TI - [Changes in the number of immunocompetant cerebrospinal fluid cells in epileptic patients following air insufflation into the subarachnoid space]. AB - In 10 patients with various forms of epilepsy the effect of air insufflation into the subarachnoidal space on the number of immunocompetent cells in the cerebrospinal liquor and the peripheral blood was studied. A sharp rise of the percentage of the T- and B-lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal liquor was noted as a result of the insufflation. Examinations of the blood before the insufflation and in the presence of the pronounced post-insufflation meningeal syndrome did not reveal any distinct regularity. A direct relationship between the liquor immune reaction and the intensity of the post-insufflation meningeal syndrome was noted. PMID- 6968140 TI - Androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 6968141 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in leukemia and lymphoma, with special reference to adult T cell related neoplasms. PMID- 6968139 TI - [Neurologic manifestations in hereditary Osler-Rendu hemorrhagic telangiectasia]. AB - The neurological manifestations of Osler-Rendu's syndrome observed in 10 patients were characterized by polymorph permanent of transient clinical pathology in the forms of subarachnoidal hemorrhages, ischemic disturbances of cerebral circulation, symptoms on the part of the brain stem, headaches, vestibular and convulsive disturbances. The cerebral disorders were caused by teleangiectases in the cerebral vessels, the fact, that was confirmed in 2 cases on autopsy. The cerebral teleangiectases may be the cause of a number of etiologically vague neurological syndromes (spontaneous subarachnoidal hemorrhages, etc.). While diagnosing the cerebral form of Osler-Rendu's syndrome one should take into consideration both neurological and somatic manifestations. PMID- 6968142 TI - Electron microscopy of T, B and null cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias in children. PMID- 6968143 TI - Absence of inhibitory cells from patients with aplastic anemia or transient erythroblastopenia of childhood on the in vitro growth of erythroid colonies. PMID- 6968145 TI - Immunopathology of rhino mouse, an autosomal recessive mutant with murine lupus like disease. AB - Detection of high incidence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was reported in young homozygous rhino mice employing formalinized chicken erythrocyte nuclei as substrate for indirect immunoflourescence (IF) assay. The titers of ANA heightened with increasing age, and attained to 1:1024 by the time mice reached 5 months of age. The occurrence of ANA was associated with development of splenic and hepatic fibrosis, glomerulonephritis and abnormalities of lymphoreticular tissue. The granular deposits of IgG and C3 detected by direct IF were initially found at the basement membrane of dermal-epidermal junction of rhino mice aged 2.5 months. These deposits distributed progressively in the fibrotic areas of spleen and liver, and renal glomerular tufts at 5 months of age. Dense deposits revealed by electron microscopy were found in the regions where IF of IgG and C3 was observed. Acid buffer eluates from liver and kidney contained IgG reactive with nuclear antigens. Importance of homozygous rhino gene was discussed in relation to development of autoimmune disorders of these mice. PMID- 6968144 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with acute optic neuritis. AB - Ten patients with acute optic neuritis (AON) were examined for T and B lymphocytes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid by means of rosette techniques. The percentage of T lymphocytes in blood was significantly decreased (54+/-3%) compared to controls (66+/-2%). Absolute numbers of T lymphocytes, and relative and absolute B lymphocyte concentrations were not significantly different from controls. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) T lymphocyte percentage was significantly increased (88.8% compared to 78.0% in controls). The relative CSF immunoglobulin G concentration was elevated in four patients (40%). On agarose gel electrophoresis, bands in the gamma globulin region were found in two patients (20%). PMID- 6968146 TI - Antibiotic sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae strains including three recent chloramphenicol-resistant isolates. AB - The antibiotic sensitivity of 100 recent isolates of Haemophilus influenzae was determined. Three strains were resistant to chloramphenicol with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 16 microgram/ml. Of these three resistant strains, one produced betalactamase and one was resistant to sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim. The remaining strains were inhibited by 0.25-2.0 microgram/ml of chloramphenicol. Ampicillin and benzylpenicillin were found to inhibit all but the betalactamase-producing strains at low concentrations. Regarding sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim 96% had minimal inhibitory concentrations of 2.5 0.12 microgram/ml or less, while two strains were resistant. The invitro efficacy of erythromycin against H. influenzae was low. The majority of the strains was inhibited by low concentrations of doxycycline and cefuroxime while cefoxitin exhibited minimal inhibitory concentrations values usually exceeding 1 microgram/ml. The minimal inhibitory concentrations registered are compared to the concentrations of the different antibiotics attainable in certain body fluids. PMID- 6968147 TI - Effects of calcium and pH on the mechanical performance of heart muscle in the frog, Rana temporaria, during anoxia and subsequent recovery. AB - Heart ventricular muscle strips from Rana temporaria recover their isometric contractile tension completely within 20 min of reoxygenation following an anoxic period of 60 min in a physiological solution at pH 7.6. Corresponding recovery at pH 6.6 is only 43% of pretreatment values. High calcium concentration during the period of anoxia at pH 6.6 and subsequent recovery, returns contractile tension to almost pre-anoxic values within 1 h. If, however, the calcium concentration is increased at the moment of reoxygenation, contractile tension is restored even faster than if high calcium levels were present during anoxia. The loss of contractile tension caused by anoxia is the same at both pH 7.6 and 6.6 with the same calcium concentration. Comparison of the velocity parameters between high and low calcium experiments always shows a greater difference for the contraction velocities than for the corresponding relaxation velocities, independently of the pH. The quotient of these two velocities is used as an index of their relative rate of change. The results are interpreted in terms of calcium and hydrogen ion competition at various subcellular structures and the different influences these ions may have on contractile tension and both contraction and relaxation velocities. PMID- 6968148 TI - Mechanism of action of pentobarbital on the contractile system of isolated frog muscle fibres. AB - The effects of pentobarbital-sodium were studied on single muscle fibres of frog skeletal muscle. In a concentration of 0.5 mM, pentobarbital potentiated the twitch response without significantly affecting the tetanus amplitude. The increase in twitch amplitude was accompanied by a marked increase in the rate of force development. The relaxation phase of both twitch and tetanus was prolonged. These mechanical changes were associated with an increased duration of the action potential. Pentobarbital also increased the amplitude and the rate of force development during the twitch after suppression by dantrolene. The S-shaped curve relating peak contracture tension and log caffeine concentration was shifted to the left by pentobarbital. It is suggested that pentobarbital affects the contractile activity of the muscle fibre; (1) by increasing the rate of release of calcium from its storage sites, (2) by prolonging the duration of the action potential and (3) by inhibiting calcium resequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). PMID- 6968149 TI - Accuracy of echoventriculography as compared with computer tomography in children. AB - The accuracy of echoventriculography (echo-VG) using CT findings as a reference has been examined in 144 children. Lateral ventricular index on echo-VG was compared with anterior horn and body indices on CT. The correlation coefficient was 0.617 and 0.725, respectively. Twelve cases with a deviation exceeding 2 SD in the regression between the indices were analysed. The conclusion is that echo VG is fairly accurate and useful as a screening method and for follow-up examinations in children. PMID- 6968151 TI - New selective medium for the isolation of Haemophilus species. AB - Chocolate agar containing lincomycin (5 micrograms/ml) was used for the isolation of haemophilus strains. One-hundred haemophilus strains of 3 species grew well on selective plates, whereas Gram-positive bacterial failed to form colonies on them. The selective culture proved especially advantageous when throat swabs were examined. PMID- 6968150 TI - The adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis to human tonsil lymphocytes. AB - Attachment of various bacteria to human, peripheral blood and tonsil lymphocytes was investigated in vitro. About 20% of tonsil lymphocytes bound Staphylococcus epidermidis, whereas the binding of other strains was negligible. The influence on cytoadherence of human serum, immunoglobulins (human IgM, IgG, IgA, as well as their respective anti-Ig's), and carbohydrates (mono and polysaccharides) was measured. It was found that heterogenous surface structures of the lymphocytes participate in the attachment. PMID- 6968153 TI - Antithrombotic therapy for saphenous vein bypass grafts. PMID- 6968152 TI - [Study on saturation discrimination by Lovibond Colour Vision Analyser. II. Colour vision of congenital colour vision deficiencies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968154 TI - Large dose procainamide therapy for ventricular tachyarrhythmia. PMID- 6968156 TI - T-and B-cell lymphomas look alike. PMID- 6968155 TI - Clinical and arteriographic variables predictive of survival in coronary artery disease. AB - Survival, subsequent myocardial infarction and current anginal status were determined for 90 nearly consecutive patients who underwent coronary arteriography at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1960 and 1967. All patients had at least one coronary arterial narrowing equal to or greater than 70 percent; 78 of 90 patients would be candidates for coronary bypass surgery by present criteria. Twenty-nine of the 78 surgically "suitable" patients died of cardiac causes; 7 of 49 survivors sustained an acute myocardial infarction (mean follow up period 9.9 years). Patients with a 70 percent or greater narrowing proximal to the first septal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery had a significantly greater mortality compared with patients with equivalent narrowing distal to the first septal branch or with patients without 70 percent or greater narrowing of the left anterior descending artery. The patients with a 70 percent or greater narrowing of the left anterior descending artery who died were those with a significant narrowing in at least one other major coronary artery. Multivariate stepwise discriminate function analysis of all clinical, electrocardiographic (except stress electrocardiographic) and arteriographic variables identified three independent predictors of mortality: (1) the simultaneous occurrence of a narrowing in left anterior descending and right coronary arteries, (2) prior myocardial infarction; and (3) 70 percent or greater narrowing proximal to the first anterior descending septal branch. When stress electrocardiographic findings were included, a "positive" stress electrocardiographic test was also an independent predictor of mortality. PMID- 6968157 TI - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a challenge in genetic epidemiology. AB - The study of the genetic epidemiology of airways obstruction has suggested that not only is COPD the prototype of a multifactorial disorder in which many factors contribute to the risk of its occurrence, but also that its definitive characteristic--impaired pulmonary function--may be a multi-disease factor which acts as a key component or cofactor in a number of other disorders: a common route to multiple and diverse pathological manifestations. Further evidence is needed to confirm or refute this hypothesis both of multiple possible causes and, especially, of multiple potential effects of airways obstruction. In view of the implications of such causes and effects, we look to continuing research to obtain and analyze a variety of appropriate data to evaluate further the validity of the hypothesis presented. PMID- 6968158 TI - Intrinsic neutrophil defects in a child with impaired neutrophil chemotaxis and immunodeficiency. AB - A boy with recurrent pyogenic infection was found to have occasional neutropenia, defective neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia with increased IgM, and impaired cellular immunity. The T and B lymphocytes were defective in IgG production in vitro. Ultrastructure of the neutrophils was normal. The marrow cells formed normal numbers of granulocytic colonies in culture, but the colonies were apparently small in size. The levels of colony-stimulating activity were normal. The lymphocytes did not impair granulopoiesis of control marrow cells. These data indicate that the neutropenia and defective neutrophil chemotaxis are due to the intrinsic neutrophil defects and are not secondary to T and/or B lymphocyte dysfunctions in the patient. PMID- 6968159 TI - Prospective study of immune response to hydralazine and development of antideoxyribonucleoprotein in patients receiving hydralazine. AB - To examine the relationship between the immune responses to hydralazine, a drug known to induce systemic lupus erythematosus, and to deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) we followed prospectively 21 hypertensive patients treated with hydralazine for the first time. Within one year, antibodies to hydralazine developed in 16 of these patients and anti-DNP in seven of these. In one patient whose serum had a positive antinuclear antibody test prior to treatment, a mild hydralazine systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome developed preceded by rises in the levels of both anti-hydralazine and anti-DNP. Studies by radioimmunoassay on serums of three additional patients, not followed in this study but known to have hydralazine-induced systemic lupus erythematosus, revealed no evidence for either (1) cross-reactivity between anti-DNP and anti-hydralazine or (2) antibodies specific for a hydralazine-DNP complex. In some way, perhaps related to the mechanism by which carrier molecules enhance the immunogenuity of haptens, hydralazine increases the antigenicity of DNP. This effect depends on the development of immunity to hydralazine as well. PMID- 6968160 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein as a prognostic indicator in complications of early pregnancy. AB - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP-1) was measured by radioimmunoassay in patients admitted to the hospital with a clinical diagnosis of hemorrhage in early pregnancy. The results were compared with a normal range and were analyzed for their predictive value in determining prognosis. Six of the total study goup of 54 patients were subsequently proved not to be pregnant and had SP-1 levels below 10 microgram/L, the lower limit of sensitivity for pregnancy detection. Twenty-nine patients had SP-1 levels below the normal range for pregnancy and all had an abnormal outcome (ectopic pregnancy or abortion). The SP-1 level was normal in 29 cases, of which 10 had an abnormal outcome and 19 continued normally beyond the twentieth gestational week. Low SP-1 levels were found in all of the abnormal and none of the continuing pregnancies and may be taken as predictive of an unsuccessful outcome. PMID- 6968162 TI - [Postpartum hemorrhages]. PMID- 6968161 TI - Effects of epidermal growth factor on lung maturation in fetal lambs. AB - The ability of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to induce lung maturation was evaluated in fetal and neonatal lambs. EGF was infused (3-5 days) into one member of 10 fetal twin pairs, one member of 2 term twin pairs, and 2 singleton term lambs. All EGF-treated lambs had evidence of epithelial hyperplasia of the conducting airways typical of the EGF effect. With the exception of the most immature pair, the lungs of treated versus control lambs were judged more mature by morphologic criteria by use of light and electron microscopy. None of the 6 premature lambs treated with EGF and allowed to breath showed evidence of hyaline membrane disease, while 3 untreated control lambs developed typical hyaline membranes when delivered by cesarean section after maternal hypotension. All untreated control animals showed more severe clinical symptoms of respiratory distress than did the EGF-treated animals. PMID- 6968163 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity characteristics in physiologically proceeding pregnancy]. PMID- 6968164 TI - [Immunospecificity of the antinuclear antibodies: clinical significance]. PMID- 6968165 TI - [Immunological reactivity and the nonspecific protection factors in the severe form of tetanus]. PMID- 6968166 TI - The effect of mucolytic agents on the rheologic and transport properties of canine tracheal mucus. AB - The effect of several sulfhydryl and other agents on the rheologic and mucociliary transport properties of a model secretion, reconstituted canine tracheal mucus, was investigated. The mucus was obtained via the canine tracheal pouch. Rheologic properties were determined by mirorheometry, and the ciliary transport rate was determined using the frog palate technique. It was found that N-acetyl cysteine decreased the elastic modulus, leading to improved mucociliary transport at concentrations such that the mucin did not precipitate. S carboxymethyl cysteine had no effect on either mucus properties or mucociliary transport rate, and its reported effectiveness in vivo must be due to some mechanism other than solubilization of mucin. Similar results were found with other blocked sulfhydryl compounds. Urea and potassium iodide to decrease mucus elasticity, but are harmful to cilia at the concentrations needed. PMID- 6968167 TI - Interrelationships between serum chemotactic factor inactivator, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, and chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Serum chemotactic factor inactivator (CFI) activity was quantitated in 22 subjects with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO); 8 had normal antitrypsin levels (Pi M phenotype), 6 had intermediate antitrypsin deficiency (Pi MZ phenotype), and 8 had severe antitrypsin deficiency (Pi Z phenotype). We studied 19 healthy subjects with normal lung function as controls; 3 had Pi M and 6 had Pi MZ phenotypes. Subjects with CAO, irrespective of the alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) phenotype, had significantly lower CFI activity than the normal subjects; the lowest levels were found in those with CAO and Pi Z phenotype. Normal subjects with intermediate AAT deficiency and MZ phenotype had normal levels of CFI. The results suggest that deficiency of serum CFI may be important in the pathogenesis of chronic airflow obstruction, particularly in those with severe AAT deficiency. PMID- 6968168 TI - Hemophilus influenzae pneumonia in adults: report of five cases caused by ampicillin-resistant strains. AB - Recently there has been increased recognition of Hemophilus influenzae as a cause of pneumonia in adults. Although ampicillin-resistant strains of Hemophilus influenzae have been a major problem in pediatric practice, such strains have not previously been noted to be a significant problem in the treatment of adult pneumonia. We report 5 cases of pneumonia caused by beta-lactamase-producing strains of Hemophilus influenzae. These organisms were susceptible to chloramphenicol but resistant to ampicillin. Cure was achieved by treatment with chloramphenicol after the initial treatment with ampicillin had failed. The ability of a microbiology laboratory to isolate and to test routinely for ampicillin-resistant strains is an important factor in the successful treatment of Hemophilus influenzae infections. PMID- 6968169 TI - Abnormal cilia in Polynesians with bronchiectasis. AB - Bronchial or nasal ciliated epithelium from 13 patients with bronchiectasis (12 Polynesians and 1 European) was examined by electron microscopy. All cilia examined lacked dynein arams. In 2 patients, this was the only abnormality observed, but in the others, various ciliary abnormalities were present, including cilia with missing tubules, extra tubules, and misplaced tubules, as well as compound cilia, intracytoplasmic cilia, vesiculated cilia, and cilia with long winglike folds. In all of these patients pulmonary mucociliary transport rates were either absent or markedly reduced. It is suggested that these abnormalities were due to a mutation or group of mutations, which was the underlying cause of the bronchiectasis. PMID- 6968170 TI - Increase in T cells bearing IgG Fc receptors in peripheral blood of patients with tuberculosis by in vitro stimulation with purified protein derivative. AB - A mixed rosette technique with sheep erythrocytes and chicken erythrocytes coated with heat-aggregated human IgG was used to identify human peripheral blood T lymphocytes bearing IgG Fc receptors (FcR+-T). When peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with advanced, refractory tuberculosis were stimulated with purified protein derivative (PPD) in vitro, the number of FcR+-T cells increased. No FcR+-T cells developed in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis after stimulation with PPD. The FcR+-T cells from a person who reacted positively to a PPD skin test were isolated by the method of velocity sedimentation. These cells suppressed the PPD-induced proliferative response of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as the pokeweed mitogen-induced IgG synthesis by B-cells. PMID- 6968171 TI - Lower esophageal transection with the EEA stapler: an alternative method to control variceal bleeding. PMID- 6968172 TI - Second-order vestibular adaptation and cupular dynamics. AB - The magnitude of initial response and slope of continued response of 45 neurons in the vestibular nuclei of cats to constant and interrupted accelerations were investigated. Eighty-eight percent exhibited adaptation, the magnitude of which was proportional to the stimulus. Comparison of slope and intercept of the response to continuous acceleration before and after a superimposed inhibitory velocity change suggests that the adaptation phenomenon is unrelated to cupular position. PMID- 6968173 TI - Vestibular and oculomotor abnormalities in vertebrobasilar insufficiency. AB - The early diagnosis of vertebrobasilar insufficiency in patients with vertigo as their only symptom was attempted using a battery of vestibulo-oculomotor tests. With this testing procedure, we were able to find abnormal vestibulo-oculomotor mechanisms that could account for the vertigo in 41 of 42 patients. These abnormalities, however, did not fall into an easily recognizable pattern that could be considered characteristic of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. The large intersubject variability probably arises from the very different and widespread lesions that occur at the vestibular and neurological levels as a consequence of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. PMID- 6968174 TI - [Determination of penicillins by means of an enzymatic electrode]. AB - Penicillin sensitive enzyme electrodes were prepared on the basis of native penicillinase (EC 3.5.2.6) and penicillinamidase (CE 3.5.1.11), as well as penicillinase entrapped in a complex of polyethylenimine and polyacrylic acid or linked with albumin and lattice entrapped penicillinase. The time of the electrode response is 2-10 minutes. The electrode potential change within a minute is linear at 1-20 mM of benzylpenicillin and depends on the electrode type. The electrodes prepared on the basis of the native enzymes lost their sensitivity within the first 10 days. Sensitivity of immobilized penicillinase did not change for 15 days. The electrodes prepared on the basis of albumin linked penicillinase preserved their high stability for 60 days. The sensitivity of these electrodes is slightly dependent on the phosphate buffer concentration (from 0.001 to 9 mM). PMID- 6968175 TI - Metronidazole in treatment against Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale). AB - The rate of bactericidal activity and inactivation of metronidazole was studied in time-kill curves with Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of metronidazole for the eight strains tested ranged from 4 to 16 micrograms/ml. At a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml, metronidazole demonstrated a slow cidal effect against exponential-phase organisms, requiring 24 to 48 h for completion. Inactivation of metronidazole during the time-kill curve was quite variable and averaged 28% of the starting concentration after 48 h. Against stationary-phase organisms (inoculum, 10(10) to 10(11) colony-forming units per ml), a slow cidal effect was also seen, with an average inactivation of metronidazole of 38% after 48 h. At a subinhibitory concentration of 5 micrograms/ml, metronidazole was inactivated to the greatest degree (57% after 48 h). Therefore, in contrast to earlier studies in which metronidazole was rapidly and consistently cidal within 4 h against obligate anaerobes and was almost completely inactivated by 8 h, the bactericidal effect of metronidazole againsts H. vaginalis in this study was much slower and was associated with a variable and slower rate of inactivation. PMID- 6968176 TI - Synergistic action of nafcillin and ampicillin against ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia and meningitis in infant rats. AB - Infant rats with bacteremia and meningitis induced by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b were treated with ampicillin and nafcillin, alone or in combination. Neither ampicillin alone (in 19 animals) nor nafcillin alone (in 20 animals) sterilized the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of any treated infant rat. When the combination of ampicillin and nafcillin was used, blood cultures were negative in 18 of 19 infant rats, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were sterile in 15 of 19 when cultured 30 h after initiation of treatment. In vitro results demonstrated definite synergism between ampicillin and nafcillin against ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae type b. The study suggests that such synergism also exists in vivo. PMID- 6968177 TI - Beta-lactamase-producing isolates of Bacteroides species from children. AB - Two hundred twenty-four isolates of Bacteroides sp. were recovered from recurrently inflamed tonsils, infected peritoneal fluid, abscesses, wounds, and burns of hospitalized children. Isolates were examined for beta-lactamase production by the chromogenic cephalosporin analog 87/312 methodology. Altogether, 119 isolates were beta-lactamase producers. Of these, 53 were in the B. fragilis group, 28 were in the B. melaninogenicus groups, 12 were B. oralis, 4 were B. ruminicola subsp. brevis, and 22 were Bacteroides sp. Of 28 beta lactamase-producing strains of B. melaninogenicus, 25 were recovered from tonsils. These observations indicate that in pediatric patients there is a significant incidence of beta-lactamase producers among anaerobes other than B. fragilis. PMID- 6968178 TI - Chronic herpes simplex infection in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. AB - Therapeutically unresponsive erosive or ulcerative lesions caused by the herpes simplex virus developed in five patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The chronic progressive character of the herpetic infection probably was the consequence of immunosuppression resulting from advanced lymphoma or its treatment. Herpes simplex infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous ulcerations in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6968179 TI - The sign of Leser-Trelat. Report of a case with adenocarcinoma of the duodenum. AB - The sign of Leser-Trelat is a rare cutaneous manifestation of internal malignancy. Although adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm associated with the sign of Leser-Trelat, we report what we believe to be the first case of adenocarcinoma of the duodenum associated with this sign. Because of the location of the tumor, we considered the possibility that the skin changes may be due to increased levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in this patient. However, no alteration in urine EGF levels was found. PMID- 6968181 TI - Long-term results of emergency portacaval shunt for bleeding esophageal varices in unselected patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - A prospective evaluation of emergency protacaval shunt has been conducted in 180 unselected, consecutive patients with cirrhosis and bleeding varices who were operated on between 1963 and 1978. An extensive diagnostic work-up was completed within three to seven hours of admission to the emergency department, and the shunt operation was undertaken within a mean of 7.81 hours. A program of lifelong follow-up was conducted such that the current status of 97% of the patients is known. On each patient, 220 categories of data were collected and entered into a computer program for analysis. On admission, 49% of the patients had jaundice, 53% had ascites, 19% had encephalopathy, 30% had severe muscle wasting and 100% had abnormal BSP retention. Administration of a bolus dose of vasopressin by the systemic intravenous route temporarily controlled the varix hemorrhage in 95% of patients, and emergency shunt permanently controlled the bleeding in 98%. Maximum perfusion pressure in the portal vein prior to shunt did not correlate with survival rate or incidence of encephalopathy after shunt. The operative survival rate was 58%, the five-year actuarial survival rate is 38% and the 12-year actuarial survival rate is 30%. Encephalopathy was observed in 31.5% of the patients, but was severe enough to require chronic dietary protein restriction in only 7%. The portacaval shunt remained patent in 99% of patients. Of the survivors, 48% abstained from alcohol, 60% resumed gainful employment or housekeeping, and two-thirds were judged to be in excellent or good condition after one and five years. Preoperative factors that adversely influenced survival rate were ascites, SGOT >/= 100 units, BSP retention >50%, hypokalemic alkalosis, blood transfusion requirement >/= 5 L, and consumption of alcohol within seven day[unk] of admission. In comparison with our previous prospective studies, emergency portacaval shunt produced a significantly greater long-term survival rate than either emergency medical therapy or emergency varix ligation, followed by elective shunt. During the past four years, 80% of 49 unselected patients have survived emergency shunt, and the four year actuarial survival rate is 69%. PMID- 6968183 TI - The treatment of respiratory paralysis by diaphragm pacing. PMID- 6968180 TI - [The influence of mode of delivery on retroplacental and peripheral serum concentrations of HPL and SP-1 (author's transl)]. AB - The concentrations of HPL and SP-1 were measured in retroplacental and peripheral serum in patients who had an elective Caesarean section and in patients who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery. The peripheral concentration of HPL was significantly lower after vaginal delivery than after elective Caesarean sections (p < 0.001). The retroplacental concentration of serum-SP-1 after vaginal delivery was significantly higher than after elective Caesarean section (p < 0.001). After elective Caesarean section the retroplacental concentration of SP-1 was significantly lower than the peripheral concentration (p < 0.001), but after vaginal delivery the mean retroplacental and peripheral serum-SP-1 values were about equal. PMID- 6968182 TI - Clinical, anatomic and functional descriptors influencing morbidity, survival and adequacy of revascularization following coronary bypass. AB - Clinical data on 3,479 consecutive patients having coronary bypass surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Perioperative complications, incomplete revascularization, and reduced long-term survival could frequently be correlated with manifestations of myocardial damage. Patients with triple vessel and left main coronary disease had a greater frequency of inotropic requirements than did patients with single or double vessel disease (7.9% and 8.6% vs. 3.8% and 4.2%). Inotropic requirements in the perioperative period were significantly increased for patients with preoperative left ventricular dysfunction; a history of heart failure or multiple infarctions did not significantly increase the incidence of inotropic requirements. Presence of previous myocardial infarction, heart failure, or left ventricular contraction abnormalities significantly decreased the ability to achieve complete revascularization with bypass grafting. Hospital mortality since 1976 has been 0.8% (25/3,040). Hospital mortality was significantly increased by history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, heart failure, extent of anatomic disease, presence of preoperative ST-T wave changes, and severe abnormalities of left ventricular function. Hospital mortality in patients with ejection fraction 0.35. Anginal pattern, history of hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, preoperative heart failure all significantly affected long-term survival. Occurrence of perioperative myocardial infarction did not adversely influence long-term survival. Patients with normal left ventricular function had excellent 42 month survival regardless of vessel disease (95%, 96%, and 94% for single, double, and triple vessel disease, respectively). Survival was significantly less for such patients with abnormal left ventricular function. Inability to achieve complete revascularization did not adversely affect hospital mortality, but did significantly reduce late survival. The important effect which complete revascularization had on long-term survival appeared to increase with increasing severity of coronary disease. Although bypass grafting improves survival in patients with multivessel disease and left ventricular dysfunction, the benefits appear to be significantly reduced once manifestations of left ventricular damage have occurred. PMID- 6968184 TI - Is reperfusion injury from multiple aortic cross-clamping a current myth of cardiac surgery? AB - Four hundred eighty adult patients undergoing cardiac operations had systemic and topical hypothermic anoxic arrest supplemented with potassium chloride pharmacological cardioplegia in a prospective randomiz ed study. Group 1 (217 patients) had continuous aortic cross-clamping and one single anoxic arrest period during the cardiac portion of the operation, which resulted in a transmural myocardial infarction rate of 8.3%, myocardial "injury" incidence of 12.4%, 4.6% cardiac-related deaths, 11.5% and 24.8% severe and malignant ventricular arrhythmias, 21.7% rate of severe vasopressor usage, a mean group serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) of 140 +/- 39 IU, and a mean group lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) of 636 +/- 78.2 IU. Group 2 (263 patients) had intermittent aortic cross-clamping with multiple reperfusion intervals, which resulted in a significantly lower incidence of transmural myocardial infarction at 1.9% (p < 0.01), rate of myocardial injury at 5.66% (p < 0.02), number of cardiac deaths at 0.76% (p < 0.02), 8.7% and 16.0% severe and malignant ventricular arrhythmias (p < 0.01), severe vasopressor utilization rate of 14.3% (p < 0.05), mean group SGOT at 72.0 +/- 3.1 IU (p < 0.01), and mean group LDH at 471.0 +/- 12.3 IU (p < 0.05) than Group 1. These results do not support the contention that intermittent aortic cross-clamping in conjunction with hypothermia and pharmacological cardioplegia leads to increased clinical cardiac damage compared with continuous aortic cross-clamping. The converse is implied, in that the anoxic heart may benefit from the physiological effects of briefly reperfused oxygenated blood. PMID- 6968186 TI - Assessment of prospectively randomized patients receiving propranolol therapy before coronary bypass operation. PMID- 6968185 TI - Neurogenic respiratory failure: a 5-year experience using implantable phrenic nerve stimulators. AB - During the past 5 years, 20 phrenic nerve stimulators have been implanted in 11 patients who were ventilator dependent because of neurogenic respiratory failure. Ten patients had traumatic spinal cord lesions; the remaining patient suffered from a progressive demyelinating disease. There was no operative mortality. Complications included 1 stimulator malfunction and 1 pneumothorax. In spite of adjacent tracheostomies, there were no infections or wound complications. Of the 20 stimulators implanted, 13 initially produced good diaphragmatic function, 2 had fair function, and 5 had little or not function. Three patients became completely independent of their ventilators; 6 became partially independent, thus simplifying nursing care. There were no late complications. As of December, 1979, 7 patients had benefited or were continuing to benefit from phrenic nerve stimulation. PMID- 6968187 TI - Symptomatic methemoglobinemia with a commonly used topical anesthetic, cetacaine. AB - Severe cyanosis resulting from acquired methemoglobinemia after application of a topical anesthetic, Cetacaine spray, occurred in a 37-year-old patient following bronchoscopy for postoperative atelectasis. Response to methylene blue therapy was dramatic and complete. Attention is drawn to a dangerous adverse effect of this commonly used topical anesthetic agent. PMID- 6968188 TI - Heparin anticoagulation. PMID- 6968189 TI - Immune condition in patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - In 40 cases of Hodgkin's disease (24 untreated patients and 16 patients in remission) the immunological humoral and cell-mediated competence was studied using test of hypersensitivity of DNCB and PPD, blastic transformation and the ability of 3H-DNA synthesis in lymphocytes stimulated with PHA and PWM, and in some cases, with PPD. In all patients the concentration of serum immunoglobulins was determined as well. Impairment of immunological reactivity was found in about 40% of patients, on the average, in various stages of the disease and during remissions following treatment with cytostatic agents and radiotherapy. The most frequent abnormality found in 52.5% of cases was impairment of blastic transformation of lymphocytes stimulated with PHA in vitro. In 60% of cases negative results of intradermal test with PPD and in 75% of patients the DNCB test was negative. No correlation could be found between impairment of the immune competence in this disease and the clinical stage and/or type of histological changes in lymph nodes. PMID- 6968190 TI - Regulatory role of humoral factors released by macrophages in rat lymphocyte reactivity in vitro. I. Influence of humoral factors released by sensitized peritoneal macrophages on normal lymphocyte reactivity. AB - Supernatants harvested from cultures of peritoneal macrophages, derived from rats sensitized to bacillary antigens exhibited an intense stimulating effect on syngeneic normal lymph node lymphocytes. Lymphocytes stimulated in this manner showed non-specific cytotoxic activity. PMID- 6968191 TI - Regulatory role of humoral factors released by macrophages in rat lymphocyte reactivity in vitro. II. Influence of humoral factors released by normal peritoneal macrophages on spontaneous lymphocyte stimulation. AB - Supernatants harvested from peritoneal macrophage cultures, derived from normal rats, exhibit in vitro two antagonistic activities: stimulating and suppressing spontaneous stimulation of syngeneic lymphocytes. Stimulation of DNA synthesis by macrophage supernatants occurs in lymph node lymphocytes, which show low values of spontaneous stimulation. Suppression of DNA synthesis by macrophage supernatants is revealed in thymocytes and cortisone-resistant thymocytes, which demonstrate high values of spontaneous stimulation. PMID- 6968192 TI - Regulatory role of humoral factors released by macrophages in reactivity of rat lymphocytes in vitro. III. Humoral factors released by lymph node macrophages regulating lymphocyte response to PHA. AB - Lymph node macrophages, derived from normal rats, generated in vitro factors enhancing or suppressing syngeneic lymph node lymphocyte stimulation in response to PHA and reconstituting the PHA-dependent response of lymphocytes deprived of native macrophages. The occurrence of one of the opposite activities depended on the degree of lymphocyte stimulation by PHA. Moreover, the expression of suppressing or stimulating effect no lymphocyte response to PHA of the same supernatants, changed twice with their dilution, (suppression leads to enhancement leads to suppression) suggesting the existence of two distinct factors: suppressing and enhancing. PMID- 6968193 TI - Separation of human B lymphocytes by combined rosetting with mouse and sheep red cells. AB - A technique for obtaining highly enriched B lymphocyte subpopulation from isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes is described. The method consists in combined use of mouse and sheep red cell rosettes. In the first step of the method, B cells-containing fraction of lymphocytes and papainized mouse red cells form rosettes which are separated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. In the second step, after lysis of mouse erythrocytes in the sediment, the recovered B cell rich fraction is purified by E rosetting procedure, B lymphocyte subpopulation obtained in this way, presents a good viability and is almost completely pure. PMID- 6968195 TI - Cytotoxic effect in vitro of B lymphocytes and killer (K) cells in ulcerative colitis. AB - A mixture of B lymphocytes and K cells was isolated from serum of 18 patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (U.C.) and of 10 healthy individuals constituting the control group. The cytotoxic effect of these cells in vitro on the large bowel epithelial cells was examined. It was found that the mixture of B lymphocytes and K cells obtained from the patients suffering from ulcerative colitis destroyed the epithelial cells of large bowel, and that the cytotoxic effect depended primarily upon a degree of the severity of the disease. The results obtained confirmed our suggestion that B lymphocytes and K cells cooperate directly in the cytotoxic reaction. PMID- 6968194 TI - Some aspects of humoral and cellular immunity in children suffering from spastic bronchitis. AB - In a group of 17 children, 6-18 months of age suffering from spastic bronchitis, subpopulations of lymphocytes, immunoglobulin titer and alfa 1 antitrypsin in the sera were estimated. In comparison to a group of healthy children of similar age, the patients had decreased percentage of T lymphocytes and increased percentage of B lymphocytes. Moreover, in a group of sick children we found more frequently D and E immunoglobulins in the sera. On the other hand A, G and M immunoglobulins as well as alfa 1 antitrypsin showed normal levels in the serum. PMID- 6968199 TI - New use for an old clamp. PMID- 6968196 TI - The influence of salivary glands extirpation and (or) thymectomy on some physiological and immunological parameters in rats. AB - Spleen weight, blood counts and anti-SRBC response were estimated in rats subjected to thymectomy and (or) salivary gland extirpation. A significant decrease of spleen weight and number of circulating lymphocytes was observed after thymectomy or salivary glands extirpation. The number of PFC after immunization with SRBC was decreased after thymectomy but not after salivary glands extirpation or, surprisingly, after combined surgery. PMID- 6968197 TI - Reduced immunological responsiveness induced by oral immunization in nude mice. AB - Nude mice (Nu-Nu) were immunized orally by intragastric administration of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) repeated daily for 4 days. This oral immunization resulted in the appearance in the animals serum of anti-SRBC antibodies and of IgA Plaque Forming Cells (PFC) in spleen and intestine. Two weeks after the first intragastric administration mice were given one parenteral injection of SRBC. In these mice the immunological response was reduced to 60% in relation to the results obtained in mice which had not any previous digestive contact with the antigen. These results support the view that thymus does not play a role in the induction of intragastrically induced immunosuppression. PMID- 6968198 TI - Surgical management of portal hypertension in childhood: long-term results. AB - This retrospective clinical review of reports by several authors of 253 children with extrahepatic (EPH) and 87 children with intrahepatic (IPH) portal hypertension who have undergone operations for variceal hemorrhage presents the long-term follow-up based on the type of management provided. Shunt operations are preferred over direct operative procedures in patients with EPH when mesenteric veins suitable for shunting are available. Cavomesenteric shunts provide the best permanent relief from variceal bleeding. Partial esophagogastrectomy with colon interposition or poral-azygous disconnection are the best operations when a shunt is not technically feasible, almost half of the patients obtaining long-term relief from bleeding. More than one fourth of the children with EPH can be managed successfully for long periods nonoperatively. For children with variceal bleeding due to IPH, the underlying liver disease determines the prognosis. The ultimate mortality is approximately the same regardless of whether a shunt or direct procedure is performed. PMID- 6968200 TI - [Interrelationships between embryonal axons and lemmoblasts during the development of rat spinal nerve roots (electron-microscopic study)]. AB - In order to elucidate the earliest interrelations of growing axons and lemmoblasts and the nature of the latter, a submicroscopic investigation of the rat spinal roots at places of their outlet from the neural tube was performed on the 11th and 13th day of embryonic development. The results obtained demonstrated that the spinal roots, both anterior and posterior, are formed by several fine (growing from the marginal layer of the neural tube) cords consisting of tightly packed "naked" axons with no signs of cellular elements inside them. These cords grow from the marginal layer of the neural tube towards periphery with resulting rupture of th tube's external limiting and basal membranes and formation of perforations; neither basal nor limiting membranes pass on the axonal surface. After leaving the neural tube for mesenchyma, the axonal cords get into connections with lemmoblasts that surround them completely. These cells are morphologically identical to poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells, situated nearby, and differ ultrastructurally from glioblasts of the neural tube (their processes form the external limiting membrane). A peculiar feature of lemmoblasts is the absence of a basal membrane and collagenous fibres around them; they are also absent, at this stage of development, in thin-walled capillaries formed from mesenchymal cells. In no case could be observed migration of glioblasts from the neural tube towards periphery and their transition on the cords of growing "naked" axons. The data obtained evidence in favour of the fact that lemmoblasts, surrounding the axonal cords, are formed at the place from poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells. PMID- 6968202 TI - Phenytoin and formation of T lymphocyte rosettes. AB - Phenytoin sodium has been associated with the formation of altered T lymphocyte rosettes in vitro. To investigate the clinical relevance of this observation, the formation of T lymphocyte rosettes in nine patients was studied before treatment with phenytoin and after therapeutic concentrations of the drug in plasma were attained. The percentage of total rosette-forming cells found before treatment was not significantly different from the percentage found 24 hours after treatment. Likewise, the percentage of active rosette-forming cells before phenytoin therapy was not significantly less than after therapy. These results suggest that in vivo treatment with phenytoin does not acutely inhibit the formation of T lymphocyte rosettes. PMID- 6968201 TI - Computerized tomographic scan findings in patients with autistic behavior. AB - An analysis of the computerized tomography scans of 17 patients with autistic behavior was carried out by investigators independent from those selecting the subjects. Mild abnormalities of the ventricular system were noted in several scans (increased size, altered left/right relation of lateral ventricles), and in three scans major hydrocephalus and circumscribed lesions of the parenchyma were seen. It was not possible to discern a singular abnormal pattern, the abnormalities appearing consequent to a variety of disease processes of the CNS. PMID- 6968204 TI - Problem-oriented nursing care plans. PMID- 6968203 TI - Pediatric metrizamide ventriculography. AB - Although computerized cranial tomography (CT) is useful for the diagnosis of hydrocephalus and various fluid-containing intracranial cysts. CT cannot always define the functional relationship of the cyst to the normal CSF pathways. In such cases, ventriculography may be necessary to determine proper treatment. Metrizamide, a nonionic water-soluble contrast medium, has been used for myelography and ventriculography in adults and for myelography in children. Eleven children have been ventriculograms using metrizamide with conventional roentgenographic techniques. Diagnostic information was obtained in all but one study. No major complications occurred. PMID- 6968205 TI - Thresholds for detection of constant rotary acceleration during vibratory rotary acceleration. AB - The effects of vibratory angular acceleration (aR) on detection thresholds for constant aR in a dynamic flight simulator are reported in three experiments. Detection thresholds were determined for 10 pilots and four nonpilots using a random, double-staircase procedure while the subjects sat erect in a device which rotated about an earth-vertical axis. Constant aRs were presented for 0.5 and 1.0 s with concurrent, vibratory aR at 1 and 5 Hz, and thresholds with no vibratory aR were established. The thresholds were obtained while the subjects observed a visual reference in the enclosed cockpit in two experiments and in total darkness in a third. The results confirmed earlier experiments showing an inverse relationship between the duration of constant aR and detection threshold and showed that the detection thresholds in darkness were higher than with a visual reference present. Two analyses of variance revealed no significant differences in thresholds across the three vibration conditions. These results indicate that vibratory aRs of fairly high levels can be present in a dynamic flight stimulator without masking the pilot's ability to detect either maneuver or disturbance motions. PMID- 6968206 TI - Noise-induced hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. AB - In a group of 29 technicians of the maintenance department of Royal Dutch Airlines, all with an industrial type of hearing loss, the vestibular function was examined. From these 29 persons, 18 showed a spontaneous nystagmus and 24 had a positional nystagmus exceeding a velocity of 5 degrees/s in three or more positions. A cervical nystagmus could be provoked in 17 subjects. In 7 persons, the rotational test proved a nystagmus preponderance of more than 20%. A difference in excitability between the labyrinths of more than 20% appeared in 7 cases. The tests for central vestibular disorders did not show pathology in any of the subjects. According to their hearing loss, the subjects were divided into four groups. There was no correlation between the grade of hearing loss and the vestibular function disturbance. An explanation can be sought in the adaptation capability of the vestibular system. All technicians showed pathology in one or more of the vestibular tests. This means that noise exposure not only damages the cochlea, but threatens the vestibular organs too. PMID- 6968207 TI - [Comments on the concept "rheumatism"]. PMID- 6968209 TI - The mechanism of inactivation of S-adenosylhomocysteinase by 2'-deoxyadenosine. PMID- 6968208 TI - Membrane fluidity and drug metabolism in liver microsomes of lean, ob/ob and db/db mice. PMID- 6968210 TI - Evidence for uniformity of the carbohydrate chains in individual glycoprotein molecular variants. PMID- 6968211 TI - A surprising new protein superfamily containing ovalbumin, antithrombin-III, and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. PMID- 6968212 TI - Subunit exchange between and specific activities of mutant bacterial luciferases. PMID- 6968213 TI - The detection and identification of antibodies to saline extractable nuclear antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6968214 TI - Bone marrow as the major site of antierythrocyte autoantibody production in NZB mice. AB - By use of a hemolytic plaque assay, it has been determined that most cells secreting the clinically important (anti-X) erythrocyte autoantibody of NZB mice are located in the bone marrow. There was evidence of excessive polyclonal B cell activation in NZB spleen but not in bone marrow, despite the role of marrow as the major source of erythrocyte autoantibody. These findings suggest that polyclonal activation of B cells within the marrow does not lead to erythrocyte autoantibody production. Small but significant numbers of antierythrocyte autoantibody producing cells were detected in the bone marrow but not in the spleens of normal mice, indicating that tolerance to erythrocytes may be less absolute in the bone marrow than in the spleen, or that the bone marrow serves as a repository for autoantibody secreting cells generated elsewhere. PMID- 6968215 TI - Enhanced in vitro synthesis of IgM rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from 42 patients with classic/definite seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 24 healthy adult controls were tested for their capacity to produce IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) in vitro in the presence and absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). In no instance was spontaneous elaboration of IgM RF from control MNL observed. In contrast, MNL from 16 of the 42 RA patients spontaneously synthesized IgM RF (22 +/- 43 ng/culture) which constituted a substantial fraction of the total IgM in these culture fluids (48 +/- 26%). Pokeweed mitogen induced detectable quantities of IgM RF in MNL culture supernatants from 10 of 24 controls (12 +/- 11 ng/culture) and 33 of 42 RA patients (60 +/- 82 ng/culture, P = 0.008). IgM RF constituted a significantly higher proportion of the total IgM in RA MNL supernatants than in control supernatants (11 +/- 11% versus 1.01 +/- 1.03%; P = 0.013). IgM RF production (spontaneous and PWM-induced) was dependent upon de novo protein synthesis. The results indicate that B cells programmed to produce IgM RF are present in both normal and RA B cell repertoires, but are preferentially expressed in RA. PMID- 6968216 TI - Acute, subacute and chronic toxicity of fosfosal. AB - Acute, subacute and chronic toxicity studies of 2-phosphonoxy benzoic acid (fofosal) were carried out in several animal species. LD50 values in mice and rats were determined at two pH values; an additional toxic effect of acidity was found at the lowest pH tested (pH = 1.0), specially so by i.p. route. Differences in LD5- values between mice and rats of either sex were not significant; however, acute toxicity of male rabbits was higher than that of rats and mice. Long-term toxicity studies revealed a slight growth retardation and a significant mortality at the highest dose tested (500 mg/kg). These studies showed that fosfosal produced no hematological, blood chemical or pathological changes. PMID- 6968217 TI - Pharmacological study of broperamole, a chemical novel antiinflammatory compound. AB - N-3[5'-(3"-Bromophenyl)-2'H-tetrazole]propionyl piperidine (broperamole) was shown to elicit potent antiinflammatory activity following systemic administration to rats in acute and subchronic studies. The compound demonstrated systemic antiinflammatory activity 5-6 times that of phenylbutazone. Toical antiinflammatory activity was also demonstrated which was less than that of hydrocortisone but still should have clinical utility. Antipyretic activity, without effect on normal body temperature, was observed. Analgesic activity was not evidenced. Only at very high doses was gastric irritation noted; therefore, at anticipated human dose level, gastrointestinal toxicity in man should not occur. PMID- 6968218 TI - Influence of broperamole, a new antiinflammatory agent, on gastrointestinal microbleeding in the dog. AB - 59Ferrous sulfate was administered i.v. to 12 male beagles. Beginning 11 days later, gastrointestinal microbleeding was determined by comparison of the 59Fe specific activities of 24-h stool collections and of whole blood. During the following 48-day period the dogs received p.o. twice daily a placebo, two tablets containing 650 mg of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 22 mg/kg of phenylbutazone, or 24 mg/kg of N-2-[5'-(3"-bromophenyl-2'H-tetrazole]propionyl piperidine (broperamole) in four 7-day tratment periods (each of which was preceded by a 5 day period of no treatment) in complete crossover fashion. Average daily fecal blood volumes of 2.55 ml, 1.94 ml, 0.54 ml, and 0.48 ml were observed after treatment with ASA, phenylbutazone, broperamole, and placebo, respectively. The influence of ASA and phenylbutazone on gastrointestinal microbleeding was statistically greater than that of broperamole, which was equivalent to placebo. PMID- 6968219 TI - [On the pharmacodynamics of acemetacin (author's transl)]. AB - Pharmacodynamic studies were carried out on (1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2 methylindole-3-acetoxy]acetic acid (acemetacin, TV 1322, Rantudil), a new strongly acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent for elucidation of its mechanism of action. Despite its strong anti-inflammatory activity, acemetacin is only a weak inhibitor of prostaglandin release. Release of histamine from mast cells induced by N-methylhomoanisylamine-formaldehyde condensate (compound 48/80) was strongly inhibited by acemetacin in a dose dependent manner. It was also highly effective in in vitro tests, for example, in the protein turbidity test of Mizushima. In accordance to the weak inhibition of prostaglandin release very little damage was done to the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract by this anti-inflammatory agent. From these data and from the strong anti inflammatory activity a broad therapeutic margin can be derived. Analgetic properties were shown in the benzoquinone test after oral and in the Randall Selitto test after i.m. application. Hyperthermia caused by Pyrifer and by yeast is inhibited by acemetacin in a dose dependent manner. Corresponding to the weak influence on prostaglandin release the reduction of diuresis by acemetacin was only small. No tocolytic effect could be detected on the gravid uterus in vitro. Function of the heart (isolated heart of guinea-pig) was unaffected, but we registered an increase in sytolic and diastolic blood pressures in the anesthetized dog. Correspondingly, left ventricular pressure also increased, these changes were accompanied by bradycardia. Coronary flow, peripheral flow and dp/dt did not change, only the pressure in the right atrium rose slightly. In cats, acemetacin caused a short-lasting decrease in the arterial blood pressure. Effects on CNS were not found. Smooth muscles (bronchial/intestinal) were not influenced by acemetacin. Like many non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds acemetacin inhibits also platelet aggregation. Motility of animals was lowered. In a granuloma pouch test a strong anti-inflammatory action was shown in vivo even without metabolic degradation of acemetacin. For the explanation of the anti inflammatory action several mechanisms have to be taken into account. PMID- 6968220 TI - [The influence of acemetacin and indometacin on gastrointestinal blood loss in normal volunteers and rheumatic patients (author's transl)]. AB - In a clinical trial on 12 healthy volunteers total gastrointestinal blood loss was measured with 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes. This double-blind cross-over study showed a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) between indometacin and [1-(p chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindol-3-acetoxy[acetic acid (acemetacin, TV 1322, Rantudil?) after oral application of 200 mg acemetacin, 200 mg indometacin per day and placebo for a week. Average total blood loss within seven days was 12.4 ml after indometacin, 4.5 ml after acemetacin and 5.0 ml after placebo. In a clinical trial on 16 rheumatic patients taking commercial non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs over a long time total gastrointestinal blood loss was determined likewise. After a preceding wash-out period the blood loss due to acemetacin (240 mg daily) and indometacin (200 mg daily) for seven days was compared. There was a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) between both drugs. Total weekly blood loss was measured as 13.8 ml due to the treatment with indometacin and 6.5 ml due to acemetacin. During the wash-out period blood loss was detected as 6.0 ml weekly. There was no difference between the results of both trials. These clinical trials on 35 patients and volunteers do not give any indication that the new antiinflammatory drug acemetacin may cause mucosal lesions in the gastrointestinal tract evedenced by blood loss. PMID- 6968221 TI - Subpicosecond and picosecond studies of electron transfer intermediates in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides reaction centers. AB - The primary electron transfer processes in isolated reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides have been investigated with subpicosecond and picosecond spectroscopic techniques. Spectra and kinetics of the absorbance changes following excitation with 0.7-ps 610-nm pulses, absorbed predominantly by bacteriochlorophyll (BChl), indicate that the radical pair state P+BPh-, in which an electron has been transferred from the BChl dimer (P) to a bacteriopheophytin (BPh), is formed with a time constant no greater than 4 ps. The initial absorbance changes also reveal an earlier state, which could be an excited singlet state, or a P+BChl- radical pair. The bleaching at 870 nm produced by 7 ps excitation at 530 nm (absorbed by BPh) or at 600 nm (absorbed predominantly by BChl) shows no resolvable delay with respect to standard compounds in solution, suggesting that the time for energy transfer from BPh to P is less than 7 ps. However, the bleaching in the BPh band at 545 nm following 7-ps 600-nm excitation, exhibits an 8- to 10-ps lag with respect to standard compounds. This finding is qualitatively similar to the 35-ps delay previously observed at 760 nm by Shuvalov at al. (Shuvalov, V.A., Klevanik, A.V., Sharkov, A.V., Matveetz, Y.A. and Kryukov, P.G. (1978) FEBS Lett. 91, 135-139) when 25-ps 880-nm excitation flashes were used. A delay in the bleaching approximately equal to the width of the excitation flash can be explained in terms of the opposing effects of bleaching due to the reduction of BPh, and absorbance increases due to short lived excited states (probably of BChl) that turn over rapidly during the flash. The decay of the initial bleaching at 800 nm produced by 7-ps 530- or 600-nm excitation flashes shows a fast component with a 30-ps time constant, in addition to a slower component having the 200-ps kinetics expected for the decay of P+BPh . the dependence on excitation intensity of the absorbance changes due to the 30 p]s component indicate that the quantum yield of the state responsible for this step is lower than that observed for the primary electron transfer reactions. This suggests that at least part of the transient bleaching at 800 nm is due to a secondary process, possibly caused by excitation with an excessive number of photons. If the 800-nm absorbing BChl (B) acts as an intermediate electron carrier in the primary photochemical reaction, electron transfer between B and the BPh must have a time constant no greater than 4 ps. PMID- 6968222 TI - The effect of n-alkanols on the stationary current voltage behavior and action potential of myelinated nerve. AB - Stationary current voltage characteristics and the action potential of single myelinated nerve fibres were measured to examine the effect of n-alkanols (methanol to octanol) on the electrophysiological function of the axon membrane. K+-depolarized membranes show alkanol-dependent shifts of VTr, the membrane transition voltage, whereas in veratridine-depolarized membranes such VTr-shifts are not observed. In the latter case, n-alkanols reduce both the stationary Na+ current and the conductivity step between the high- and low-ohmic conductivity state of the membrane. Action potential amplitude, however, is less affected by the alkanols as is the stationary Na+ current. The results are compared with the alkanol-dependent changes of the thermotropic phase transition in phospholipid bilayers. PMID- 6968224 TI - Mitogenic and haemagglutinating properties of a lectinpurified from Hura crepitans seeds. AB - A lectin from the seeds of Hura crepitans has been purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on acid-treated Sepharose CL-6B, followed by elution with D-galactose. The lectin is a glucosamine-containing glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 120 00, as determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and consists of identical subunits with molecular weights of 30 000. The amino acid composition and total neutral sugar content are given. The Hura lectin agglutinates directly erythrocytes from several species, without specificity for human blood groups. In all cases, with the exception of pig erythrocytes, agglutination was enhanced by neuraminidase. Agglutination was inhibited, in decreasing order of potency, by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, by D-galactose and galactose-containing oligosaccharides. The lectin has mitogenic activity for purified human T lymphocytes but not for B lymphocytes, and the activity is still evident at a concentration as low as 10 ng/ml. The specific mitogenic activity increases throughout the purification process. PMID- 6968223 TI - Lung phosphatidylcholine transfer in six vertebrate species. Correlations with surfactant parameters. AB - We have examined phosphatidylcholine transfer activity in lung-soluble fractions from six vertebrate species. There is a significant correlation between the amount of phosphatidylcholine transfer activity and both the alveolar surface area and surface active material. This suggested that phosphatidylcholine exchange proteins have a role in the lung surfactant system. PMID- 6968225 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor on the synthetic activity of human fibroblasts. AB - The influence of epidermal growth factor on DNA and protein synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts was studied. Synchronized cells treated with epidermal growth factor synthesized considerably greater amounts of DNA relative to 10% fetal calf serum and the peak of synthesis ocurred 6 h later than with serum. Epidermal growth factor caused a dose-dependent stimulation of protein synthesis (proline incorporation). Collagen synthesis remained unaffected and, as a result, the proportion of collagen synthesized decreased with increasing epidermal growth factor concentration. Aspirin and indomethacin did not abrogate these effects, indicating that prostaglandins may not be involved. PMID- 6968226 TI - Increase of intracellular pH in secreting frog gastric mucosa. AB - A method of estimation of pH in frog gastric mucosa by measuring the apparent creatine kinase equilibrium was studied. In a resting, in vitro preparation of frog stomach the intracellular pH was found to increase linearly with an increase in the serosal pH. This increase was also accompanied by an increase in the apparent equilibrium constant of the creatine kinase reaction. A similar increase was found when the resting mucosa was stimulated with histamine plus theophylline. During this procedure the total constant of adenine nucleotides and creating plus creatine phosphate remained constant. PMID- 6968228 TI - Estrogen synthesis in Leydig cells: structural-functional correlations in Necturus testis. PMID- 6968227 TI - [Comparative x-ray study of the species specificity of collagens]. AB - The facts of isomorphism of collagens from a variety of species have been discovered; helical unit twist and unit height are practically constant in spite of a wide variation of amino acid composition. Collagen is isomorphous to fibrous form of modelling polytripeptides, at the same time helical unit twist of crystalline forms of (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 is different (although it is possible that the disagreement between fibrous and crystalline forms is a consequence of a specific diffraction effects). PMID- 6968229 TI - Aplastic anemia: lack of inhibitory effect of bone marrow lymphocytes on in vitro granulopoiesis. AB - Prompted by previous reports that in certain patients with aplastic anemia, cell mediated autoimmune suppression of myeloid stem cell proliferation may be demonstrable in vitro, we studied the effects of bone marrow lymphocytes from 18 patients with myeloid aplasia on the proliferation of committed granulocytic monocytic progenitor cells (CFU-C). When assayed in soft agar cultures, marrow suspensions from 10 patients with aplastic anemia contained significantly fewer viable CFU-C than similar cell preparations from control subjects. To deplete marrow cell suspensions of lymphocytes, we employed rabbit anti-human thymocyte serum (ATS), which after multiple adsorptions exhibited marked cytotoxicity for human B and T lymphocytes but had negligible effect on normal CFU-C proliferation. Preincubation of marrow samples from 12 patients with ATS and complement resulted in no inhibition or enhancement of CFU-C growth. In further experiments, marrow cells from 8 patients were incubated with marrow from control subjects prior to CFU-C culture. No suppression of donor CFU-C proliferation was observed in any of these studies, and in 4 cocultures, mixture of the 2 marrow suspensions resulted in stimulation of CFU-C growth. Using these assays, we detected no evidence of cell-mediated inhibition of CFU-C proliferation in any of the 18 patients that we evaluated. Our data support the conclusion that in the majority of patients with aplastic anemia, an absolute deficiency of hemopoietic stem cells is present within the marrow that does not appear to be effected or sustained by suppressor lymphocytes. Whether the reduction of viable stem cells is the cause or the consequence of the process that leads to marrow failure remains unknown. PMID- 6968230 TI - Enhancement of human erythroid progenitor cell growth by media conditioned by a human t-lymphocyte line. AB - Recent studies have shown that soluble factors elaborated by human T lymphocytes enhance erythroid burst formation by human peripheral blood null cells. This study demonstrates that media conditioned by a long-term T lymphocyte line augmented the growth of erythroid colonies in vitro in the presence of erythropoietin (Ep). ATCC.CCl 119 (CCRF-CEM) was derived from a patient with ALL of T-lymphoblast origin. Cells from the stocks used in these experiments maintained T-cell characteristics as determined by histochemical and rosetting techniques. Increased numbers of 16 day BFU-E were seen when Ficoll-Hypaque separated peripheral blood leukocytes were cultured in the presence of a 10% (v/v) concentration of CCL 119 conditioned medium (CM). CM increased the number of BFU-E even when Ep or fetal calf serum were not growth limiting. CM also increased the number of late BFU-E observed in cultures of nonadherent bone marrow cells. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells were depleted of E rosetting cells, only small numbers of BFU-E grew. Addition of 119 CM increased the numbers of BFU-E in E-rosette-depleted cultures. CM from B-cell, macrophage, or other T-cell lines tested did not stimulate BFU-E growth as consistently. These studies indicate that CM obtained from ATCC.CCL 119 cells contained burst promoting activity, one of the factors required for proliferation of early erythroid progenitors. PMID- 6968232 TI - Characterization of a suppressor T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with ADCC but not NK activity. AB - A patient with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) is reported whose cells demonstrate in vitro suppression of normal lymphocyte mitogen stimulation. The patient, who remains in Rai's clinical stage 0 on no therapy after more than 24 mo of observation, has shown a less aggressive clinical course than is usually attributed to T-CLL. His peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were characterized by functional assays as well as surface markers. Over 90% of the patient's PBL formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and were lysed by two T-cell-specific antisera plus complement, while less than 1% bore surface immunoglobulins, and only 3% had complement receptors. In addition, 45% of the PBL demonstrated Ia like antigens, more than 50% expressed a receptor for the Fc portion of IgG(T gamma), and most of the sheep erythrocyte rosettes were inhibited by theophylline. The patient's cells failed to respond to several mitogens and they caused marked suppression of lymphoproliferative responses to normal PBL to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con-A). The patient's lymphocytes also exhibited antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity (ADCC) against antibody coated nucleated target cells, but lacked demonstrable natural killer (NK) activity. This patient's T-CLL cells appear to represent the clonal expansion of a subset of T cells with a previously undescribed pattern of suppressor and cytotoxic activities. PMID- 6968231 TI - Nonrandom chromosomal aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia revealed by polyclonal B-cell-mitogen stimulation. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were stimulated by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia (LPS), and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Chromosome analysis with the Q-banding technique after 5 days incubation revealed an extra chromosome 12 in 5 of the patients and a translocation between chromosome 11 and chromosome 14 in 1. Two patients had a deletion of chromosome 6, and only 3 patients had a normal karyotype. In most patients, the abnormalities were found in the majority of metaphases after stimulation with EBV, LPS, or both mitogens, while PHA revealed a normal karyotype, with the exception of a total of 4 metaphases in 3 patients. An extra chromosome 12 appears to be specifically associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in this disease appears to be much higher than has previously been thought. PMID- 6968233 TI - Peripheral blood lymphocyte receptors for B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL). AB - Because interactions between B cells and T lymphoyctes are of fundamental importance in the generation of the immune response to most antigens, we attempted to identify the cells capable of binding B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B LCL), their tissue distribution, and their presence in other species. Cells bearing a surface receptor for B-LCL were found in human peripheral blood, tonsil, and bone marrow, as well as mouse and rat spleen. Binding cells were phenotypically heterogeneous. The majority are T cells as defined by their ability to bind sheep red blood cells (E-rosettes). However, a subpopulation of non-T-lymphocytes were capable of binding B-LCL. This was demonstrated by depleting T cells with an E-rosette centrifugation technique and then performing a double rosette assay. The wide distribution of T lymphocytes with receptors for B-lymphoblastoid cells within peripheral lymphoid organs and their presence in several species suggest that these surface molecules may represent one of the means by which T cells and B cells interact in the induction of the immune response to T-dependent antigens. PMID- 6968234 TI - The fractionation, characterization, and subcellular localization of colony stimulating activities released by the human monocyte-like cell line, GCT. AB - GCT, a human monocyte-like cell line, has been shown to release biochemically distinct colony-stimulating activities (CSAs) for mouse and human marrows. These appear to be periodate-sensitive proteins with critical disulfide bonds. One, of molecular weight 145,000 daltons, stimulates macrophagic colony growth and is related to a 30,000-dalton molecule that also stimulates mouse growth. A 30,000 dalton CSA for human marrow can be separated from the 30,000-dalton mouse CSA by isoelectric focusing and gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This distinction agrees with our previous finding of differential neutralization with anti-human urinary CSF antibody. The 30,000-dalton CSAs stimulate neutrophil, neutrophil-monocyte, and eosinophil colony growth in human marrow but only neutrophil and neutrophil-monocyte colonies in the mouse. Subcellular fractionation of GCT cells indicates that there are pools of preformed CSAs primarily associated with the cell cytosol that have similar apparent molecular weights to their secreted counterparts. PMID- 6968235 TI - Gastro-oesophageal reflux: an aetiological factor for bleeding in oesophageal varices? AB - The precipitating factor in bleeding oesophageal varices is unknown. To investigate this problem 10 patients who had bled from oesophageal varices were examined by manometry, pH monitoring and gastroscopy to determine whether gastro oesophageal reflux occurred. No evidence for reflux was found. These results, together with previously published reports, cast doubt on peptic oesophagitis or reflux as an aetiological factor in the initiation of oesophageal variceal bleeding. PMID- 6968238 TI - Effect of pH on muscle fatigue in isolated frog sartorius muscle. AB - Isolated frog sartorius muscle was incubated for 3 h in Ringer solution (5 mM phosphate buffer) at pH 7 or pH 8. Each muscle was stimulated supramaximally at 2 per second continuously. Muscles at pH 7 fatigued more quickly than those at pH 8. Muscles at pH 8 released acid whereas those at pH 7 did not. PMID- 6968237 TI - Monoaminergic denervation of the rat hippocampus: microiontophoretic studies on pre- and postsynaptic supersensitivity to norepinephrine and serotonin. AB - The responsiveness of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons to microiontophoretic applications of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and isoproterenol (ISO) was assessed in rats following 5,7-dihydroxy tryptamine (5,7-DHT) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) pretreatments and bilateral locus coeruleus lesions. The intraventricular administration of 200 micrograms (free base) of 5,7-DHT and of 6-OHDA produced 89% and 93% decreases of 5-HT and NE respectively. None of these pretreatments modified the inital responsiveness to, or recovery from iontophoretic application of 5-HT. In 6-OHDA pretreated and locus-lesioned rats, the initial effectiveness of NE was not altered but its effect was markedly prolonged. However, there was no such prolongation of the effect of ISO which is not a substrate for the high affinity NE reuptake. The effect of GABA was not affected by these pretreatments. Acute pharmacological blockade of the NE reuptake with desipramine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) similarly induced a prolongation of the effect of iontophoretically applied NE, while fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) a 5-HT reuptake blocker, failed to alter the recovery of pyramidal cells from iontophoretic application of 5-HT. It is concluded that 5-HT denervation induces neither pre- nor postsynaptic types of supersensitivity in hippocampal pyramidal cells, contrasting with the previously shown supersensitivity of ventral lateral geniculate and amygdaloid neurons following 5 HT denervation. NE denervation fails to induce a postsynaptic type of supersensitivity but leads to a marked prolongation of the response to NE indicative of a presynaptic mechanism. These results underscore the necessity for regional studies of neurotransmitters and drug action. PMID- 6968239 TI - Tests for hemostasis and their relevance to venous thrombosis. AB - The authors have tried to determine which patients were at risk of venous thrombosis. They chose 10 tests for hemostasis that might be of value in predicting those patients who were at risk. The tests were used in two groups of patients: one group in a respiratory intensive care unit and another group of patients about to undergo a major spinal operation. The tests were those for measuring: platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet thromboplastic activity (platelet factor 3), plasma clotting time, and concentrations of fibrinogen, plasminogen, antithrombin-III, alpha-1 antitrypsin and platelet fibrin degradation products (FDP). A diagnosis of thrombosis was made by three techniques: radioactive fibrinogen accumulation in the developing thrombus, impedance plethysmograhpy and ascending venography. The only test for hemostasis that discriminated between patients with and without thrombosis was the level of circulatory FDP. Several of the tests showed pronounced changes within the normal range following development of thrombosis and even before its detection. Therefore, none of the tests was truly predictive. A detailed discussion of the performance and interpretation of impedance plethysmography is presented. PMID- 6968240 TI - Effect of cardioplegic solution and of propranolol on perioperative infarction after cardiac surgery for unstable angina. PMID- 6968236 TI - Clinical, pathological, HLA antigen and immunological evidence for disease heterogeneity in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6968241 TI - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity of patients developing multiple primary melanomas. AB - A study of cellular immunity was conducted, with particular attention to natural killer cell mediated in vitro cytotoxicity in 6 patients who had two or three primary melanomas (2 patients presenting synchronously with multiple primaries and additional melanomas subsequently developing in 4). All 6 patients were reactive to one or other recall skin test antigens (PPD, streptokinase streptodornase (SK-SD), monilia, mumps) and DNCB skin testing. All exhibited natural killing against melanoma and nomelanoma tumor target cells when examined in the 3H proline microcytotoxicity test with unfractionated as well as natural killer cell enriched (Fc receptor positive cells recovered as Fc receptor rosettes) lymphocyte fractions. None of the 4 patients who subsequently had additional primary tumors was found to lack in mature T or natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity at the time of the development of additional primaries. Two melanoma cell lines were established from two separate primary tumors in 1 patient and in vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed with that patient's lymphocytes (unfractionated, T enriched, and natural killer cell enriched fractions) against these two lines. While the first melanoma cell line was consistently sensitive to lysis by all three lymphocyte fractions, the other cell line showed no sensitivity either for natural killing or for T enriched lymphocyte mediated lysis at any effector to target ratio. These results suggested that in vitro natural cytotoxicity was not translated into any substantive immunoprotective role in the development of multiple primary tumors and that the two separate melanoma cell lines from the same patient were antigenically hererogenous. Antigenic heterogeneity between different primary tumors may explain the lack of immunity against such development of multiple tumors of the same histology. PMID- 6968243 TI - Qualitative and quantitative freeze-fracture studies on olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelial surfaces of frog, ox, rat, and dog. III. Tight-junctions. AB - A comparison of the tight-junctions of various cell types in the nasal epithelia of frog, ox, rat and dog shows that Bowman's gland cells have lowest number of strands (4-8), whereas olfactory receptor and supporting, and ciliated respiratory cells show no conspicuous differences and have 6-11 strands. Tight junctional strand numbers show slight species-dependent variations. In regions where three cells join (observed for receptor and respiratory cells), fracture faces show two parallel strands which fuse at certain points. These strands run perpendicularly to the rest of the tight-junctional belt, which also shows an increased number of strands (13-16) in this region. Tight-junctions of mammalian olfactory dendritic endings usually show strands composed of particles, whereas those of the other three epithelial cell types consist of continuous or discontinuous bars. Tight-junctions of dendritic endings of the frog also conform to the latter type. Differences in strand density are only slight and range from 16-27 strands/microns. Small angular gap-junctions were observed only within the tight-juctions of supporting cells in the rat. PMID- 6968242 TI - Central projections of the frontal organ of Rana pipiens, as demonstrated by the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The central projections of the frontal organ of Rana pipiens are more widespread, and more similar to those of the epiphysis, than previously realized. Fibers labeled with horseradish peroxidase were traced to the amygdala, the epiphysis, the pretectal region, and several nuclear areas of the mesencephalic and diencephalic central gray. When peroxidase reaction product was carefully distinguished from neuromelanin by means of polarization microscopy, no unequivocally labeled cell bodies off centrifugal fibers could be found. PMID- 6968244 TI - Fine structure of the lateral areas of the rhombencephalic tela of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - The lateral areas of the rhombencephalic tela of the bullfrog contain long, irregular islands of ependymal cells that are similar in fine structure to the epithelium of the rhombencephalic choroid plexus. These cells are characterized by apical microvilli, numerous mitochondria and pinocytotic vesicles, and basal infoldings of the plasma membrane. Dorsally a basal limina and varying amounts of collagen occur. The pia mater associated with this ependyma includes two cell types. Fibroblast-like, loosely arranged cells without organized junctions line the subarchnoid space. The most abundant cells of the pia in this area, however, contain numerous intermediate filaments and frequent desmosomes. Caveolae lie along their plasma membranes. Closely organized sheets of similar filament containing cells are also seen in the arachnoid mater of this animal. These findings demonstrate ependymal cells in the lateral areas of the rhombencephalic tela of the bullfrog that have the essential features of choroid plexus epithelium, with ultrastructural characteristics that suggest transport function. They are, however, usually separated from neighboring, non-fenestrated vessels by several layers of leptomeningeal cells joined by desmosomes. The relationship between structure and function of these cells is enigmatic. PMID- 6968245 TI - In vitro growth of murine T cells. IV. Use of T-cell growth factor to clone lymphoid cells. PMID- 6968246 TI - Mechanisms of in vivo generation of cytotoxic activity against allograft. I. Local differentiation of mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes in rejection of allogeneic lymphocytes. PMID- 6968247 TI - Detection of the precursor and effector cells of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the thoracic duct of the rat. PMID- 6968248 TI - Effect of the antidepressant drug-Stelazine on lymphocyte capping. AB - The antidepressant agent, Stelazine (trifluoroperazine dihydrochloride), is known to cause inactivation of the calcium-binding protein, calmodulin. We report here that this drug in the concentration range of 5 x 10(-5) M to 10(-6) M causes remarkable inhibitory effets on ligand-induced T-lymphocyte receptor capping. The possible involvement of calmodulin in the regulation of lymphocyte surface receptor movement is therefore implicated. PMID- 6968249 TI - [Oral surgical care of patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 6968250 TI - Gastric ulcerogenic and biological activities of N-3'a-propyphenazonyl-2 acetoxybenzamide. PMID- 6968251 TI - Cholera and other vibrio-associated diarrhoeas. AB - In recent years, there have been major advances in knowledge of Vibrio species and related organisms that are responsible for diarrhoeal diseases, particularly V. cholerae O-Group 1 (epidemic strains), atypical V. cholerae O-Group 1, non-O Group 1 V. cholerae (non-epidemic strains), V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, and "Group F vibrios". This article reviews the important new information, and identifies gaps in our knowledge, on aspects such as the epidemiology and bacteriology of vibrios, environmental surveillance for V. cholerae O-Group 1, phage and vibriocin typing of V. cholerae, and cholera enterotoxin, and its relevance to pathogenesis, immunity, and vaccine development. In each of these areas priorities for further research are recommended. PMID- 6968252 TI - Plague in Central Java, Indonesia. AB - Plague in man occurred from 1968 to 1970 in mountain villages of the Boyolali Regency in Central Java. Infected fleas, infected rats, and seropositive rats were collected in villages with human plague cases. Subsequent isolations of Yersinia pestis and seropositive rodents, detected during investigations of rodent plague undertaken by the Government of Indonesia and the WHO, attested to the persistence of plague in the region from 1972 to 1974.Since 1968, the incidence of both rodent and human plague has been greatest from December to May at elevations over 1000 m. Isolations of Y. pestis were obtained from the fleas Xenopsylla cheopis and Stivalius cognatus and the rats Rattus rattus diardii and R. exulans ephippium. The major risk to man has been fleas infected with Y. pestis of unique electrophoretic phenotype. Infected fleas were collected most often in houses.Introduced in 1920, rodent plague had persisted in the Boyolali Regency for at least 54 years. The recent data support specific requirements for continued plague surveillance. PMID- 6968253 TI - Determining the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in populations with non specific tuberculin sensitivity. AB - In tropical countries, where there is generally a high prevalence of non-specific sensitivity, the tuberculin test is inadequate for detecting tuberculosis infection. A method is proposed by which the prevalence of infection in the population can be determined under such circumstances thus making possible meaningful epidemiological surveillance of the disease. This method compares levels of tuberculin sensitivity in individuals before and after BCG vaccination. If BCG vaccination fails to produce an increase in tuberculin sensitivity, the individual must have been infected with human or bovine tubercle bacilli. PMID- 6968254 TI - Relation between hypertension and occupational factors in rural and urban Africans. AB - Cross-sectional surveys of arterial blood pressure among rural and urban communities in Bendel State, Nigeria, showed that mean systolic and diastolic pressures were generally higher in urban than in rural subjects, but the differences were statistically significant only in certain age groups. The mean arterial pressures in groups of rural labourers, rural clerks, and urban clerks were compared but the differences were not statistically significant and it is not clear whether the small differences in blood pressure between rural labourers and urban clerks were associated with occupation or area of residence. However, the consistently intermediate values for rural clerks over the whole range of age groups furnish strong indirect evidence that both factors are relevant. PMID- 6968256 TI - Recanalization of an acutely occluded aortocoronary bypass by intragraft fibrinolysis. AB - Acute thrombotic occlusion of an aortocoronary bypass graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was successfully dissolved by selective infusion of streptokinase into the graft at 2000 U/min for 1 hour via catheter. There was partial recanalization of the graft and complete filling of the LAD within 15 minutes. After 1 hour of lysis, the graft was completely patent, although high degree narrowing at the site of the proximal anastomosis was still present. Follow-up angiography 16 days later revealed persistent patency of the graft and disappearance of narrowing at the site of proximal anastomosis. The relatively low total dose of streptokinase (140,000 U) did not result in a systemic hyperlytic state. There were no complications. The technique may prove useful in acute graft occlusion but needs further evaluation. PMID- 6968255 TI - A proposal for the definition of terms related to locomotion of leukocytes and other cells. AB - There is currently much confusion of terms relating to locomotion of leukocytes and other cells. Standardized and precise use of terms is, however, indispensable for analysis of the basic mechanisms controlling such locomotion. The present proposal is intended to serve as a basis for a standardized system of reporting locomotor behaviour of leukocytes and other cells and their responses to environmental stimuli. Definitions of the terms random locomotion, directional locomotion, chemotaxis, chemokinesis, and intrinsic locomotor capacity are proposed. Examples are given to demonstrate the application of the terms in the experimental and clinical analysis of cell locomotion. PMID- 6968257 TI - Predictors of clinical course, coronary anatomy and left ventricular function after recovery from acute myocardial infarction. AB - Patients who survive an acute myocardiac infarction (AMI) have significant coronary disease and are at risk for angina pectoris, recurrent myocardiac infarction and sudden death. This study provides data gathered prospectively for 106 patients surviving myocardial infarction who had coronary arteriography, left ventriculography and 24-hour electrocadiographic recordings before hospital discharge and were followed 30 months. Univariate analysis showed that low ejection fraction, proximal left anterior descending coronary disease and significant disease in all three coronary arteries were associated with a high risk of sudden cardial death. The ECG location or type of infarction was not helpful in predicting mortality, reinfarction or continuing angina. Multivariate analysis of 30 clinical and laboratory variables identified previous myocardial infarction and an ejection fraction less than 40% as the best predictors of mortality; all 13 patients who died were identified by these two variables. Three vessel coronary artery disease, proximal left coronary disease and complicated late hospital-phase ventricular arrhythmias did not provide additional information about mortality once the information provided by the first two variables was considered. Multivariate analysis identified hypertension, three vessel coronary disease, postinfarction angina pectoris and previous AMI as significant predictors of recurrent AMI during the 30 month follow-up. PMID- 6968258 TI - Predictable clinical disorders related to serum and saliva Ig-levels and the number of circulating T cells in asthmatic chidren. AB - An examination was made of 221 children with bronchial asthma, who were divided into six groups according to serum and saliva Ig levels and the number of circulating T cells. Absence or small amounts of IgA and low or low-normal numbers of T cells were associated with (1) atopic dermatitis, (2) hypersensitivity to house dust mite and animal danders, (3) previous hospital admissions due to respiratory tract infections with pathogenic bacteria and (4) a high family incidence of allergic diseases. In a group of patients with IgA deficiency and elevated serum and saliva IgM, respiratory tract infections were not common, and furthermore, in another group of IgA-deficient patients with normal numbers of circulating T cells, atopic dermatitis was rare. In the latter patients, allergic rhinitis occurred very frequently, and in that respect they resembled a group of patients with combined high IgM/high IgE levels. Another group of asthmatic children with normal Ig levels represented an intermediate type of patient with regard to hypersensitivity to different allergens and family incidence of allergy on the one hand, and the occurrence of atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis on the other. Investigations on Ig levels and circulating T cells in asthmatic children may provide important clues into disease classification and mechanisms of such patients. PMID- 6968259 TI - Immunological responses of L. donovani infection in mice and significance of T cell in resistance to experimental leishmaniasis. AB - The parasite burdens of livers and spleens of several strains of mice following infection with L. donovani were determined for a period of over 120 days. The parasite loads of the spleens and livers were correlated with the development of immunity to reinfection, footpad sensitivity and antibody titres. The strains of mice studied could be divided into two groups--those highly susceptible and those relatively non-susceptible. The antibody in the susceptible strains appeared 12 days after infection and increased thereafter. The antibody in the less susceptible strains appeared some time later and remained at the same level throughout the test period. In strains CAFl, C57B1/6 and BALB/c skin reactivity to Leishmania antigen developed at the time when the parasite burden had decreased from its peak. Skin reactivity never developed in DBA!l mice, the most highly susceptible strain, and in A/j the least susceptible strain. The development of resistance to reinfection with L. donovani following i.v. and i.p. infection was observed in C57Bl mice. Upon cell transfer from these immune animals, it was found that protective immunity was mediated through the thymus dependent lymphocytes. Serum from immune mice was not able to confer immunity to the recipient animals. PMID- 6968260 TI - Human lymphocyte markers defined by antibodies derived from somatic cell hybrids. II. A hybridoma secreting antibody against an antigen expressed by human B and null lymphocytes. AB - A hybridoma (FMC4) has been derived which secretes antibody showing selective reaction with human B lymphocytes, monocytes and some null lymphocytes. Few, if any, T lymphocytes in normal blood are stained, although stimulation of lymphocytes with PHA leads to an increase in the proportion of cells reacting with the hybridoma antibody. The antibody reacts with B and null lymphoblastoid cell lines but not with T cell lines. B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells but not T-CLLs are stained and null-type acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cells but not T-type ALL also react. Normal blood myeloid cells do not react with FMC4 supernatant whilst some myeloid leukaemias do. The expression of the antigen reacting with FMC4 supernatant suggests that FMC4 may secrete an antibody against the human equivalent of the Ia antigen. PMID- 6968262 TI - Recovery of lymphocyte status after radiotherapy. AB - A survey of the lymphocyte status is reported for 25 patients given routine radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix or carcinoma of the breast and other tumours. After an initial lymphopenia there was a return to the initial value of the lymphocyte count by the end of a 12 month period of observation. The PHA index was also measured in these patients and this also showed a progressive rise during the 12 month period following a minimal change after radiotherapy. There was no significant difference between the lymphocyte status of patients given radiotherapy above or below the diaphragm nor between patients with or without knwon metastases at the end of the 12 month period. An additional sample of eight patients with carcinoma of the breast showed a rise in lymphocyte count after surgery before the usual fall after radiotherapy. PMID- 6968261 TI - Neuraminidase treatment of human T lymphocytes: effect on Fc receptor phenotype and function. AB - Purified peripheral blood T cells or T mu cells from normal healthy donors were treated in vitro with neuraminidase and examined for the expression of IgM Fc and IgG Fc receptors. Increasing concentrations of neuraminidase selectively removed IgM Fc receptors, whereas the number of T cells expressing IgG Fc receptors was significantly increased. Following neuraminidase treatment, IgM Fc receptors could be regenerated by reincubation of T cells at 37 degrees C. The regeneration of IgM Fc receptors could be blocked by treatment with cycloheximide. Neuraminidase treatment of purified T mu cells resulted in the expression of IgG Fc receptors on a subpopulation of T mu lymphocytes. A small percentage of the neuraminidase-treated T cells expressed receptors for both IgG and IgM. Treatment of T cells with neuraminidase did not effect T cell-mediated spontaneous cytotoxicity (SLMC) or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Our results indicate that T cell Fc receptor phenotypes can be modulated in vitro without significantly altering their functional capacity. PMID- 6968263 TI - Sequential radionuclide imaging during paracorporeal left ventricular support. AB - A paracorporeal left ventricular to ascending aorta assist device (LVAD) was utilized in four patients with refractory cardiogenic shock following cardiac surgery. Hemodynamic stabilization was achieved in all four patients, two of whom were subsequently discharged from the hospital and continue to do well one year later. A technique is described for obtaining radionuclide ejection fractions (EFs) during temporary LVAD interruption. The EFs appeared to be predictive of eventual unassisted ventricular function and possibly of patient survival. PMID- 6968264 TI - Carbamazepine intoxication due to triacetyloleandomycin administration in epileptic patients. AB - In 17 epileptics receiving carbamazepine (CBZ) alone or in combination with other anticonvulsant drugs, administration of triacetyloleandomycin (Tri A) led to an acute and unexpected intoxication (drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness). Similar symptoms occurred again in 3 patients after Tri A was administered a second time. The same toxic manifestations were observed in two patients receiving CBZ and erythromycin. A rapid increase in plasma levels of CBZ occurred after institution of Tri A therapy in 6 patients, the CBZ levels quickly returning to normal after withdrawal of Tri A. Thus, it is suggested that the observed intoxication is due to the simultaneous administration of CBZ and Tri A (or erythromycin). The possible role of hepatic dysfunction in this syndrome of intoxication is discussed. Furthermore, the intoxication may be at least partially related to serum electrolyte disturbances, as suggested by one case in which obvious signs of water intoxication were detected. The severity and frequency of intoxication should lead to proscribing Tri A or other macrolide antibiotics in patients receiving CBZ. PMID- 6968265 TI - An epidemiological survey of immunological abnormalities in asbestos workers. I. Nonorgan and organ-specific autoantibodies. PMID- 6968267 TI - Immunoglobulin C-gene expression. I. The commitment to IgG subclass of secretory cells is determined by the quality of the nonspecific stimuli. AB - Polyclonal stimulation of normal splenic B lymphocytes with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or helper T lymphocytes specific for B cell surface antigens results in the selective expression of IgG subclasses by the secretory cells: in addition to IgM-secreting plaque-forming cells (PFC), thymus independent stimulation leads to the development of IgG2 and IgG3 PFC, while helper cell-dependent activation leads to IgG1 and IgG2 PFC. This cannot be solely explained by selective stimulation of distinct B cell subpopulations, because purified LPS-reactive blasts if restimulated by helper cells switch to IgG1 while if maintained with LPS switch to IgG3. The simultaneous stimulation of splenic B cells with LPS and helper cells results in additive IgM and IgG2 responses, but in the selective suppression of IgG3 PFC with a concomitant synergic enhancement of IgG1 responses. These results are interpreted to indicate that the expression of IgG C genes in proliferating B lymphocytes is directed by the quality of nonspecific stimuli. PMID- 6968266 TI - H-2-unrestricted polyclonal maturation without replication of small B cells induced by antigen-activated T cell help factors. PMID- 6968268 TI - Mitogenic effects of partially purified interleukin 2 on thymocyte subpopulations and spleen t cells of the mouse. AB - Partially purified interleukin 2 (IL-2) promotes proliferation of mouse spleen T, but not B cells, and of peanut-agglutinin-negative (PNA-), and cortisone resistant "mature" thymocytes, but not of PNA+ "immature" thymocytes. Within the cortisone-resistant thymocyte population, IL-2-responsive cells were found in the blast cell fraction. Proliferation was measured by [3H] thymidine incorporation and subsequent increase in viable cells. The mitogenic effect of IL-2 could not be inhibited by 50 mM methyl-alpha-D-mannoside which excludes contaminating concanavalin A (Con A) as a cause of mitogenicity. The relative increase in viable cells in IL-2 vs. control cultures was abrogated by 1.5 mM hydroxyurea. A possible effect of IL-2 on cell survival is thus ruled out. IL-2, when acting as comitogen with Con A, affected only PNA- and cortisone-resistant thymocytes. These cells also showed high intrinsic IL-2 release when stimulated with Con A such that a comitogenic effect of externally added IL-2 was only seen at low cell concentrations. PNA+ thymocytes could neither be induced to release IL-2 nor did these cells become Con A-responsive under the influence of IL-2, thereby excluding an IL-2-mediated maturation. PMID- 6968269 TI - Gene complementation in the T lymphocyte proliferative response to poly (Glu56Lys35Phe9)n. Functional evidence for a restriction element coded for by both the I-A and I-E subregions. PMID- 6968270 TI - T cell factor (interleukin 2) allows in vivo induction of T helper cells against heterologous erythrocytes in athymic (nu/nu) mice. AB - Mice carrying the nude mutation (nu/nu) lack a functioning thymus and do not contain detectable levels of immunocompetent T cells. We now report that nu/nu mice to have lymphocytes which can be activated in vivo by heterologous erythrocytes and a Lyt-1 T cell-derived factor (interleukin 2) to generate T helper cells. Thus, a lymphokine is described which is able to restore in vivo T helper cell immunocompetence of nu/nu mice. The data may suggest that nu/nu mice contain a low number of T lymphocytes influenced by the cystic remnant of the nu/nu thymus anlage. Alternatively, the data imply that interleukin 2 circumvents the requirement of a thymus during ontogeny of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6968271 TI - Oxygen transport in the bullfrog retina. PMID- 6968272 TI - Visual pigments and vitamins A in the adult bullfrog. PMID- 6968274 TI - Large granular vesicles in the frog spinal cord. AB - Two types of large granular vesicles have been demonstrated in the spinal cord of the frog Rana esculenta. Each type is contained in different fibres located in the neuropil of the ventral horn. The two types of vesicles differ in their diameter and quantity, in the smoothness of their limiting membrane and the electron density of their core. The possibility that they contain peptides is discussed. PMID- 6968273 TI - Compensation of postural reactions to free-fall in the vestibular neurectomized monkey. Role of the visual motions cues. AB - In previous studies a contribution of vision to vestibular-dependent muscle responses during free-fall was found in the intact monkey, and the role of remaining labyrinthine afferents in compensation of these postural reactions was studied in vestibular neurectomized monkeys. In the present investigation we have compared the role of visual motion cues in the recovery of muscle responses to fall in unilateral (U.N.) and bilateral vestibular neurectomized (B.N.) baboons. During free-fall, electromyographic (EMG) responses were recorded from splenius capitis, soleus and tibialis anterior muscles. EMG activities were recorded in two randomly presented conditions: with normal motion of the visual world (NV) and with the visual world stabilized with respect to the baboon's head (SV) until 6 weeks after surgery. In B.N. baboons, results showed that condition SV was accompanied by a very strong motor depression during the entire test period. A greater decrease was observed in the splenius and soleus muscles. In U.N. baboons, significantly depressed EMG responses were recorded in the SV condition during the first two stages of compensation only (0--2 weeks), in all tested muscles except the tibialis anterior muscle. On the other hand, these motor depressions appeared to depend upon the level of neuronal resting activity in the vestibular nuclei. It is inferred that the partial recovery of muscle responses to fall observed in B.N. baboons in the NV condition is mainly due to visual information concerning motion, which replaces to the labyrinthine afferents. In U.N. baboons, the visual motion cues would fulfil only a transitory substitution function by supplying the decrease of neuronal activity in the vestibular nuclei. Later on, full compensation would be carried out by means of the remaining labyrinth. PMID- 6968275 TI - Histochemical evidence of strictly ipsilateral innervation of maxillary canine teeth in cats. PMID- 6968276 TI - Desensitization of the muscarinic receptor of bullfrog atrial muscle. AB - The muscarinic ACh receptors, which hyperpolarize the resting membrane and also depress the action potential of bullfrog atrial muscle, show desensitization to the action of ACh. This suggests that the molecular mechanism of these muscarinic ACh receptor-ionic channel (voltage-dependent) complexes is comparable to that of the nicotinic ACh receptor-ionic channel (voltage-independent) complex of the end plate. PMID- 6968277 TI - Cryoprotection of human bone marrow committed stem cells (CFU-c) by dextran, glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - Dextran, glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), alone or in combination, were used for cryoprotection of human bone marrow cells. The viability of cryopreserved cells was assessed by culture of myelopoiesis-committed stem cells (CFU-c) in vitro. A significantly better protection against freezing injury was obtained by 9% dextran in combination with 3 or 5% DMSO, and also with 5 or 10% DMSO alone, than with either 15% glycerol or 9% dextran with 1% DMSO. PMID- 6968279 TI - [Biphasic action of caffeine on contractile activity of frog myocardium]. AB - Action of caffeine on the isometric contractions and intracellular potentials of the frog heart muscle involved the positive inotropic effect only at high concentrations (0.1-20 mM). The "dose-action" curve for the twitch responses reached plateau at caffeine concentration higher than 4 mM. Two phases of the caffeine effect on the frog myocardium contractility were identified: transient increase of the contraction amplitude (the 1st phase) was followed by the inhibition of contractions and shortening of the APs (the 3nd phase). The magnitude of the contractile changes and the duration of each phase depended on the caffeine concentration. PMID- 6968278 TI - Early B lymphocytes in man. AB - We have confirmed in man the presence of a subpopulation of B lymphocytes which cannot reexpress their immunological receptors after challenge with antibodies. These early B lymphocytes were studied in peripheral blood, in cord blood and also, with anti-idiotypic sera, in the peripheral blood of a myeloma patient. PMID- 6968281 TI - [Plasmapheresis therapy in severe lupus erythematosus D.N.A. serum antodies and erythrocyte sedimentation rate for therapy control (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968282 TI - [Histiocytosis X affecting solely the skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968280 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of TDZ, a new dental hemostatic]. PMID- 6968283 TI - Changes in amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis during spontaneous metamorphosis in the bullfrog tadpole liver. PMID- 6968284 TI - Scintigraphic demonstration of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Acute gastrointestinal bleeding may be localized using noninvasive radionuclide methods. We have favored the use of technetium-99m sulfur colloid with sequential imaging because of the rapid clearance of background activity. Definition of the site of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, however, may be obscured by intense uptake of radioactivity by liver and spleen. The sensitivity of the method is such that the bleeding rates of 0.05-0.1 ml/min can be detected compared to a sensitivity of 0.5 ml/min for angiography. PMID- 6968285 TI - Noncirrhotic nodular transformation of the liver with portal hypertension: clinical, angiographic, and pathological correlation. AB - Noncirrhotic nodular lesions of the liver are difficult to classify since the etiologies ofmost are unknown. Presented here is the case of a 21-yr-old man with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices in which the gross and microscopic pathological findings have the features of two rare hepatic conditions, partial nodular transformation, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia. The angiographic findings in this caes are strikingly similar to that which has been reported in cases of idiopathic portal hypertension. PMID- 6968287 TI - [Peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes in women with malignant genital neoplasms]. PMID- 6968286 TI - Possible involvement of dopamine in the release of prolactin-like hormone from bullfrog pituitary gland. PMID- 6968288 TI - Percutaneous trigeminal thermal rhizotomy: a new procedure in the treatment of tic douloureux. PMID- 6968289 TI - Target-effector cell interaction in the natural killer cell system. V. Energy requirements, membrane integrity, and the possible involvement of lysosomal enzymes. AB - Various inhibitors were used to study further the mechanism of natural killing and to compare it to lympholysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The respiratory inhibitors DNP and NaN3 or low temperatures (0 degrees) blocked the cell contact phase of target-effector interaction in the CTL system but not the NK system. The lytic stage was also inhibited by the glycolytic inhibitors, iodoacetate and NaF, in the NK system as previously shown in the CTL system. Dimethylsulphoxide, a dipolar solvent, and cytochalasin B, a microtubule disruptor, inhibited NK target binding. Pre-treatment of Nk cells with glutaraldehyde, a protein cross-linking agent, completely prevented lysis, but not the formation of target-effector conjugates. The lytic phase of NK lysis was inhibited by chloroquine which also inhibited lysosomal enzyme function. Lysosome defective, beige mutant mice were also totally deficient in NK lytic function and this defect could not be restored with cGMP. T-cell and macrophage mediated cytolysis was previously shown to be relatively normal in beige mice. These results suggest that (i) the mechanism of NK cytolysis is a complex, multistep process, and (ii) this process is fundamentally different from that occurring in CTL. A 'stimulus-secretion' model of NK cytolysis is presented in which it is postulated that lysosomal enzymes may be the lytic molecules. PMID- 6968290 TI - Impaired antibody response against T-dependent antigens in rhino mice. AB - The antibody response in rhino mice, which carry a mutant gene hrrh, to thymus dependent (TD) or thymus-independent (TI) antigens was compared with that of phenotypically normal littermates. The magnitude of antibody response to TD antigens in rhino mice decreased as they grew up, whereas the antibody response to TI antigens in rhino mice was indistinguishable from that of littermates. A transfer of thymus cells from littermates to rhino mice resulted in the partial restoration of the responsiveness to TD antigens. The experiments employing adoptive transfer of spleen cells from rhino mice to the irradiated normal mice suggested that the hyporesponsiveness of TD antigens of adult rhino mice was mainly due to the defect in the T helper cell activities rather than either the increase of the suppressor cells or defects in other cell types. PMID- 6968291 TI - Characteristics of resistance to Listeria monocytogenes enhanced by Corynebacterium parvum in mice. AB - In mice pre-treated with Corynebacterium parvum, Listeria monocytogenes was cleared rapidly from the blood and bacterial growth in the liver and spleen was inhibited effectively during the early phase of infection. This enhanced resistance could be transferred with peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) but not with non-adherent spleen cells. In spite of earlier elimination of bacteria, pre treated mice developed lower levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to bacteria than untreated immune control mice, but the control levels of DTH could be reached by increasing the challenge dose of bacteria in C. parvum-pre-treated mice. Additionally, C. parvum did not inhibit the expression of antibacterial immunity when immune mice were rechallenged. It appeared that the active suppression of the T-cell mediated immune response by C. parvum-activated macrophages was not seen during the course of L. monocytogenes infection, and that the lower levels of DTH seen in mice pre-treated with C. parvum were attributable to an insufficient antigenic stimulus following the accelerated elimination of bacteria by non-specifically activated macrophages during the early phase of infection. PMID- 6968293 TI - Human IgE, IgG and IgE antibody synthesis in vitro. AB - Human IgE biosynthesis in vitro was studied by co-culturing T and B cells from atopic patients and normal controls in the presence of 10 microliter/ml pokeweed mitogen for 7 days. IgE and anti-mite IgE ab in the culture media significantly correlated with those in plasma. Normal T cells suppressed in vitro production of IgE and IgE ab significantly more than did atopic T cells but no difference was found in IgG production. The culture of B cells alone (T-depleted fraction) produced IgE equally as well as the co-culture of T and B cells. Anti-mite IgE ab was also produced by B cells alone from mite-sensitive patients. However, IgE biosynthesis in vitro was not consistently affected by pokeweed mitogen. The results suggest a deficiency of the T suppressor system in atopy and the existence of T-independent IgE-producing cells. PMID- 6968292 TI - Mitogenic activity of two Brucella fractions for murine B lymphocytes. AB - Two lipid A-free fractions extracted from Brucella melitensis (fractions PI and SF) were shown to behave as B-cell non-specific mitogens for murine lymphocytes: they stimulated the uptake of tritiated thymidine by normal unsensitized murine splenic lymphocytes, by spleen cells from nude mice and by T-cell depleted but not by T-cell enriched and B-cell-deprived splenic populations. Since depletion of adherent cells leads to a two- to three-fold depression of PI- or SF-induced mitogenic responses these two fractions were shown to require accessory adherent cell participation for an optimal mitogenicity. Moreover they behaved as polyclonal activators for murine spleen cells. These results are discussed in terms of a possible classification of PI and SF amongst other B-cell mitogens and of the respective role of the peptidoglycan and lipoprotein moieties in B-cell activation by Brucella fractions. PMID- 6968294 TI - T cell dependent and independent steps in IgE-B memory cell development. AB - The role of T cells in the IgE antibody response was studied using athymic nu/nu mice which failed to form IgE antibody against either T-dependent or T independent antigens. Evidence was obtained that hapten-specific B cells can be primed with T-dependent or T-independent antigens in the absence of T cells. Transfer of nu/nu spleen cells primed with alum-absorbed dinitrophenyl (DNP) ovalbumin or DNP derivatives of Salmonella bacilli into irradiated nu/+ mice, together with unprimed T cells, enhanced IgE antihapten antibody response of the recipients to alum-absorbed DNP-KLH. The antigen-primed nu/nu spleen cells, however, did not contain hapten-specific B memory cells directly committed to IgE response, since no antihapten IgE antibody response was obtained when the same DNP-primed nu/nu spleen cells were transferred into irradiated mice, together with KHL-primed nu/+ spleen cells, and the recipients were challenged with DNP KLH without adjuvant. Once IgE-B memory cells responded to DNP derivatives of both T-dependent and T-independent carriers to form a significant amount of antihapten IgE antibody without participation of T cells. The results indicate that the essential role of T helper cells in the IgE antibody response is in the process of the development of IgE-B memory cells. PMID- 6968295 TI - Modification of the action of misonidazole. I. Effect of TAN on toxicity. AB - The toxicity of misonidazole, an electron affinic radiosensitizer, is greatly reduced by TAN, a free radical radiosensitizer. The production of single-strand breaks in DNA of mammalian cells incubated in dilute suspension with misonidazole (15 mM) under hypoxic conditions is greatly decreased by the presence of TAN (10 mM). The survival of such cells is also greatly enhanced if TAN is present at a concentration of 10mM even less. The implications and possible mechanisms of this finding are discussed. PMID- 6968296 TI - Modification of the action of misonidazole. II. Effect of TAN on radiosensitization. AB - Radiosensitization by misonidazole of hypoxic mammalian cells in dilute suspension is modified by the presence of the stable free radical, TAN. The dose modifying factor (DMF) of 15mM misonidazole is 2x4 for cell inactivation, and 3x5 for the production of single-strand breaks in DNA. The presence of TAN decreases these values to 1x5 and 1x75 respectively. Possible explanations for these observations are discussed. The DMF of misonidazole for cells in pellet is not affected by TAN. PMID- 6968298 TI - Tumour incidence and longevity in neutron and gammairradiated rabbits, with an assessment of r.b.e. AB - Rabbits were kept for the whole of their natural life-span (6--9 years) after exposures of 440--1410 rad of gamma-rays or 180--550 rad fission neutrons. Irradiated rabbits did not live as long as unirradiated controls but the difference was statistically significant only after the higher doses of neutrons. Earlier deaths were explained by increased incidences of a wide variety of tumours. The increases were statistically significant for basal-cell tumours of the skin, fibroasarcomas, osteosarcomas and Sertoli-cell tumours of the testis. Other phenomena assoicated with natural ageing were unchanged or decreased in irradiated rabbits. The r.b.e. of the neutrons was assessed as 3--3.5 for tumour induction and 3x5--4x0 for longevity. Comparisons with previous data on acute and subacute effects suggest that the r.b.e. increased linearly with the logarithm of time for 5--2000 days after irradiation. PMID- 6968297 TI - Radiation-induced lipid peroxidation and membrane-bound enzymes in liver microsomes. AB - Changes in lipid peroxidation and enzymes in liver microsomes were examined after alpha-irradiation. The radiation-induced lipid peroxidation was increased with increasing radiation dose, with decreasing dose-rate and also with decreasing concentration of microsomes. The content of P-450 was decreased with decreasing dose-rate and inversely with radiation dose, while NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome b5 were less affected by alpha-irradiation. Both the lipid peroxidation and the inactivation of microsomal enzymes induced by alpha irradiation were mardedly reduced by radical scavengers. Hexobarbital hydroxylating activity and binding capacity of P-450 for hexobarbital, which were strikingly decreased after alpha-irradiation were less protected by radical scavengers, in contrast to the case of the lipid peroxidation and of the enzymes. These results suggest that intrinsic enzymes are more damaged through radiation induced peroxidation of membrane lipids as compared with extrinsic enzymes. PMID- 6968299 TI - The effects of whole-body irradiation on the serum levels and kinetics of thyroid hormones in rats. AB - The effects of a single whole-body dose of X-rays on the serum levels and kinetics of thyroid hormones in rats were studied. The influence of radiation induced anorexia was monitored by using pair fed control groups. A dose of 800 rad caused a reduction in T4 levels and 750 rad had a similar effect on T3; in each case the control group showed a smaller reduction. The kinetic results indicated that, in the control groups, the early reduction in hormone concentrations was caused, by a change in the distribution of the hormone; however, the continuing reduction in hormone levels in the irradiated rats appeared to results from decreased production. The results suggest that the thyroid system may play an active part in the early metabolic changes which follow whole-body irradiation. PMID- 6968301 TI - Production of hydroxyl radicals in cell systems exposed to haematoporphyrin and red light. PMID- 6968302 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting of the French, Dutch and Belgian radiobiologists, Brussels, 8-9 October 1979. PMID- 6968300 TI - Inactivation of deoxyribonuclease I in aqueous solution by thermal neutrons. PMID- 6968303 TI - Modification of ultrasound induced changes in mammalian cells by increased viscosity of medium and increased ambient pressure. AB - Ehrlich ascites tumour cells (E.A.T.) in suspension were exposed to ultrasound of frequency 1x5 MHZ, intensities 1x4, 2x8 W/cm2 for 60 min at 37 degrees C. The suspensions of E.A.T. cells were contained in Perspex vessels with Melinex windows, situated in the near field of a piezoceramic transducer. Subsequently the rate of net influx of Rb-86 ions was studied over a period of 90 min. A reduced Rb-86 activity of insonated cell populations was observed compared to controls. Similar experiments were carried out involving E.A.T. cells suspended in isotonic medium containing 0x25 per cent agar (2x1 centipoise). No significant depression of uptake of Rb-86 ions was observed at 2x8 W/cm2, 1x5 MHZ. Cells insonated in normal medium at 1x9 atmos. helium pressure subsequently showed no depression of Rb-86 uptake, compared to controls, following insonation at 2x8 W/cm2, 1x5 MHZ for 60 min. PMID- 6968304 TI - Production of cyclobutane type pyrimidine dimers in the DNA of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V-79) exposed to U.V.-B light. PMID- 6968305 TI - Effect of irradiation on lysosomal enzyme activation in cultured macrophages. AB - The effect of gamma-rays on lysosomal enzyme activity of normal and immune macrophages of DBA/2 mice cultured in vitro has been studied. Quantitative cytochemical methods have been used for measuring lysosomal enzyme activity. A dose of 500 rad did not significantly affect lysosomal enzyme activity 3 hours after irradiation but caused the activity to increase to 1x4 times the control value 22x5 hours after irradiation. 22x5 hours after a dose of 3000 rad the enzyme activity increased to 2x5 times the control. Lysosomal enzyme activity of the macrophages was also markedly increased by immunization of the mice with D lymphoma cells, before culture in vitro, but irradiation of these cells with a dose of 500 rad caused a further increase in lysosomal enzyme activity. The results indicate that immunization and irradiation both cause stimulation of lysosomal enzyme activity in macrophages but that the mechanisms of activation are unlikely to be identical. PMID- 6968306 TI - The induction of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes by alpha-radiation. AB - Human blood has been irradiated with alpha-particles from an external source of curium-242. The collimated alpha-particles entered the blood with an energy of 4 9 MeV and were almost completely absorbed by the blood. After culturing for 48 hours, the dicentric yield in the lymphocytes at the first metaphase was measured as a function of dose to the blood. The yield was linear with dose up to 400 rad with a slope of 28x6 X 10(4) dicentrics/cell per rad. This is equivalent to an initial slope r.b.e. of 17x9 with respect to cobalt-60 gamma-rays. This value disagrees with the only two other published values in the literature. Reasons for this disagreement are discussed. Compared with neutron r.b.e values obtained in this laboratory the alpha-particle values we observe are surprisingly low. A model is proposed which predicts low values of r.b.e. for chromosome aberration production using radiations of high LET. The low values occur because there is a distribution of specific energy between cells which causes a selective removal of cells likely to contain higher numbers of aberrations. PMID- 6968307 TI - Amyloidosis in immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. AB - A case of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and systemic amyloidosis in a 21-year-old man is presented. The basic defect in immunoblastic lymphadenopathy is believed to be an abnormal immune reaction, most probably of the B cell system. Although systemic amyloidosis is common in some disorders of the B cell system, no cases of systemic amyloidosis complicating immunoblastic lymphadenopathy have been previously reported. Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy includes elements known to be associated with amyloidosis and we believe that this association is not merely coincidental. PMID- 6968308 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia diagnosed in a middle-aged woman. AB - Short stature, severe hirsutism, an enlarged clitoris and lack of vaginal introitus were manifest in a 55-year-old female karyotype, male phenotype patient brough up as a female. The hormone profile suggested congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase adrenal enzyme deficiency. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were 122.5 and 100.3 mIU/ml, respectively, within the normal range for a postmenopausal woman. Computerized axial tomography revealed a large cystic tumor connected to the right adrenal gland. Both the right adrenal gland and the cyst were removed. The adrenal cortex showed diffuse hyperplasia and contained a well-defined nodule. The case was interesting because we had the opportunity of examining a patient of advanced age with untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia and because of the very rare combination of adrenogenital syndrome with nodular hyperplasia and a cystic tumor, which was most probably a degenerated adenoma. PMID- 6968309 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid-binding properties and membrane protein composition of a competence-deficient mutant of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - A mutant of Haemophilus influenzae was isolated which was completely unable to take up double-stranded homologous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at normal physiological conditions but which took up DNA equally as well as the wild type at low pH (pH 4.4). The properties of the mutant provide evidence for the existence of two different mechanisms for DNA entry in the H. influenzae transformation system. With the aid of the mutant the optimal conditions for entry of DNA by these two mechanisms were determined, and the dependence of entry and the specific transforming activity of the entered DNA on competence was examined. The mechanism of entry of DNA at neutral pH, which is not functioning in the mutant, effected entry of homologous DNA only, whereas the mechanism involved in entry of DNA at low pH also effected entry of heterologous DNA. This suggests that the mutant is lacking a protein which recognizes the specific base sequence(s) required for entry. Comparison of the protein composition of the membranes of mutant cells subjected to a growth regimen provoking competence in wild-type cells with that of competent wild-type cells revealed that the mutant is impaired in the synthesis of a protein with a molecular weight of 22,500. PMID- 6968310 TI - Molecular characterization of "plasmid-free" antibiotic-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. AB - We examined 14 multiresistant and 8 ampicillin- or tetracycline-resistant Haemophilus influenzae isolates and 4 ampicillin-resistant H. parainfluenzae isolates for plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. Sixteen strains carried plasmids. Both "plasmid-free" and plasmid-carrying isolates transferred the antibiotic resistance by conjugation. All transconjugants carried plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid, suggesting that the apparent plasmid-free strains contained R plasmids encoding for antibiotic resistance. PMID- 6968312 TI - A new type of ganglioside. The structures of three novel gangliosides from the fat body of the frog. AB - Three unusual gangliosides were isolated from frog fat body, and their structures were characterized. The carbohydrate structures were elucidated by determination of the molar ratio of the individual monosaccharides, methylation analysis, galactosidase treatment, and chromium trioxide oxidation studies. The following novel structures were proposed: [Formula: see text]. PMID- 6968311 TI - Purification and characterization of rat plasma alpha-1-antitrypsin. AB - alpha-1-Antitrypsin was purified from rat plasma using affinity chromatography on Cibacron Blue-agarose, ion-exchange chromatography on DE-52 (pH 8.5 and 6.0) and gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The final preparation was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, by immunoelectrophoresis and by analytical ultracentrifugation. It was composed of a single polypeptide chain whose molecular weight was estimated to be about 50,000 by sedimentation equilibrium analysis. Rat alpha-1 antitrypsin was shown to be a glycoprotein containing 3.3% glucosamine, 1.7% mannose, 1.0% galactose, and 4.2% sialic acid. The interaction of rat alpha antitrypsin with bovine beta-trypsin was studied by protease activity assays and by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Rat alpha-1-antitrypsin inhibited bovine beta-trypsin by forming a stable equimolar complex concomitant with the release of a peptide with a molecular weight of approx. 8,000. PMID- 6968313 TI - The long term effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation on left ventricular performance. AB - A patient who had had two coronary artery bypass grafts and an aneurysmectomy required intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) assistance to allow discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPBP). An indwelling electromagnetic flow probe on the ascending aorta was used to monitor IABP over the following 8 days of assistance. Stroke volume (SV), Cardiac output (CO), stroke work (SW), and ventricular afterload (VA) were measured directly. Recovery was indicated as the discrepancy between CO and SV on and off IABP decreased. VA depended upon the degree of augmentation. SW bore an incostant relationship to IABP. PMID- 6968314 TI - The management of impending myocardial infarction using coronary artery by-pass grafting and an intra-aortic balloon pump. AB - Of 33 patients with impending myocardial infarction 25 were treated using a combination of coronary artery by-pass grafting and intra-aortic balloon pumping. Eight patients were treated with coronary artery by-pass grafting alone. Twenty two of the 25 patients who were treated with the combined technique made a full recovery. Three patients sustained definite myocardial infarctions and one of these died. Five of the 8 patients treated by grafting alone suffered infarction and of these 3 died. The value of intra-aortic balloon pumping in combination with coronary artery by-pass grafting in the management of impending myocardial infarction is discussed. PMID- 6968315 TI - Distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and presynaptic nerve terminals in amphibian heart. AB - At many synapses, neurotransmitter receptor molecules in the postsynaptic membrane are selectively concentrated at a site directly opposite the presynaptic nerve terminal. In this paper, I examine acetylcholine (ACh) receptor distribution in cardiac muscle in relatin to the distribution of presynaptic axonal varicosities. The density of varicosities, stained with zinc iodide and osmium, ranges from 0.7/100 micrometer 2 in ventricle to 1.9/100 micrometer 2 in sinus venosus. It is estimated that < 3% of the muscle surface is apposed to presynaptic varicosities. ACh receptors, however, are randomly distributed on the muscle surface and not concentrated in patche. ACh receptor distribution was determined by iontophoretic application of ACh and mapping of ACh sensitivity and by [3H]QNB (quinuclidinyl benzilate) binding and autoradiography [3H]QNB binds with > 90% specificity to a single, saturable, high-affinity (Kd = 11.1 pM at 21 degrees C) class of binding sites. QNB binding sites are thought to correspond to ACh receptors, because muscarinic agonists compete for [3H]QNB binding and produce a hyperpolarization in the sinus venosus with the same order of potency. The concentrations of QNB binding sites in the sinus and atria are about twice those found in ventricle. The receptor density corresponds to the density of innervation measured by zinc iodide and osmium staining. Autoradiographic experiments show that [3H]QNB binding sites are distributed randomly over the entire surface of the muscle. This distribution of ACh receptors in cardiac muscle has important implications for the function of the cardiac neuroeffector junction. PMID- 6968317 TI - Discrimination of a colony stimulating factor subclass by a specific receptor on a macrophage cell line. AB - Utilizing the high affinity interactions between pure 125I-L cell colony stimulating factor and its receptor(s) on the murine macrophage cell line J774, a murine radioreceptor assay (RRA) has been developed. The murine RRA selectively detects a colony stimulating factor (CSF) subclass (CSF-1) previously defined by murine radioimmunoassay (RIA) (E.R. Stanley, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA, 76:2969 2973 ('79)). CSF-1 stimulates macrophage production exclusively, and the occurrence of the CSF-1 receptor(s) appears to be restricted to cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (L.J. Guilbert and E.R. Stanley, J. Cell Biol. 85:153-160 ('80)). The murine CSF-1 RRA failed to detect a variety of other CSF subclasses, growth factors, and hormones. In contrast to data obtained with the murine CSF-1 RIA, human CSF-1 (e.g., human urinary CSF) is detected by the mouse CSF-1 RRA almost as sensitively as murine CSF-1. In addition, there was an absolute correlation between CSF-1 levels determined by murine CSF-1 RRA and those determined by a human CSF-1 RIA for a variety of human CSF-1 sources. The murine CSF-1 RRA is a sensitive (sensitivity 5 units or 1.0 femtomole of CSF-1 protein), rapid, and highly specific assay for CSF-1 in both murine and human sources. PMID- 6968316 TI - Role of coated vesicles, microfilaments, and calmodulin in receptor-mediated endocytosis by cultured B lymphoblastoid cells. AB - Cell surface receptor IgM molecules of cultured human lymlphoblastoid cells (WiL2) patch and redistribute into a cap over the Golgi region of the cell after treatment with multivalent anti-IgM antibodies. During and after the redistribution, ligand-receptor clusters are endocytosed into coated pits and coated vesicles. Morphometric analysis of the distribution of ferritin-labeled ligand at EM resolution reveals the following sequence of events in the endocytosis of cell surface IgM: (a) binding of the multivalent ligand in a diffuse cell surface distribution, (b) clustering of the ligand-receptor complexes, (c) recruitment of clathrin coats to the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane opposite ligand-receptor clusters, (d) assembly and (e) internalization of coated vesicles, and (f) delivery of label into a large vesicular compartment, presumably partly lysosomal. Most of the labeled ligand enters this pathway. The recruitment of clathrin coats to the membrane opposite ligand-receptor clusters is sensitive to the calmodulin-directed drug Stelazine (trifluoperazine dihydrochloride). In addition, Stelazine inhibits an alternate pathway of endocytosis that does not involve coated vesicle formation. The actin directed drug dihydrocytochalasin B has no effect on the recruitment of clathrin to the ligand-receptor clusters and the formation of coated pits and little effect on the alternate pathway, but this drug does interfere with subsequent coated vesicle formation and it inhibits capping. Cortical microfilaments that decorate with heavy meromyosin with constant polarity are observed in association with the coated regions of the plasma membrane and with coated vesicles. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of a coated vesicle preparation isolated from WiL2 cells demonstrates that the major polypeptides in the fraction are a 175-kdalton component that comigrates with calf brain clathrin, a 42 kdalton component that comigrates with rabbit muscle actin and a 18.5-kdalton minor component that comigrates with calmodulin as well as 110-, 70-, 55-, 36-, 30-, and 17-kdalton components. These results clarify the pathways of endocytosis in this cell and suggest functional roles for calmodulin, especially in the formation of clathrin-coated pits, and for actin microfilaments in coated vesicle formation and in capping. PMID- 6968318 TI - Vitamin D metabolites in serum from hypoparathyroid patients treated with vitamin D2 and 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. AB - Vitamin D and its metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D], 25,26-(OH)2D, and 1,25-(OH)2D were measured after separation on high pressure liquid chromatography in sera from two hypoparathyroid patients treated with high doses of vitamin D2. Fractions with displacement activities in the competitive protein-binding assays were found which were not detectable in sera from controls not supplemented with vitamin D2. These fractions, presumably representing vitamin D2 metabolites, were quantitated separately from the vitamin D3 metabolites. After a change of treatment from milligram doses of vitamin D2 to microgram doses of 1 alpha OHD3, the serum metabolites of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 were followed from 8-13 months. During the first 2-3 months, there was an initial relatively rapid fall in serum vitamin D2 levels and metabolites, followed by a slower decline. High levels of vitamin D2 metabolites were still present after 13 months. Taking into account the marked preponderance of 25OHD2 to 25OHD3, the relative concentration of (OH)2D3 metabolites were higher than expected, which might indicate a preferential 25OHD3 hydroxylation or alternatively, a more rapid degradation of vitamin D2 metabolites in these patients. The high and sustained release of vitamin D2, presumably from fat stores, more than a year after vitamin D2 ingestion was stopped has obvious clinical implications and should be considered in the long term follow-up of patients shifted from the traditional high doses of vitamin D to the newly synthesized 1 alpha OHD3 or 1,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 6968319 TI - Fc receptor-bearing blood mononuclear cells in thyroid disorders: increased levels in patients with subacute thyroiditis. AB - Blood mononuclear cells bearing Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G were measured in patients with thyroid disorders as the percentage of EA rosette-forming cells (% EA-RFC). Levels were normal in patients with untreated Graves' hyperthyroidism, Graves' ophthalmopathy, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. On the other hand, the % EA-RFC was increased in eight of nine patients with subacute thyroiditis (SAT) tested during the acute phase, returning to normal during recovery. Levels were normal in all five patients with "silent" thyroiditis tested. The majority of the Fc receptor-bearing cells in SAT patients was shown to be phagocytic. There was no evidence for increased killer cell or suppressor cell activity, functions which reside in Fc receptor-bearing mononuclear cell populations, in SAT patients. There was no close correlation between the % EA-RFC and parameters of thyroid damage (erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum T4 levels) or thyroid antibody titers. While an increase in the % EA-RFC in SAT patients may represent a nonspecific response to a viral inflammation of the thyroid gland, the abnormalities may be markers of a more specific immunological response to thyroid antigen release. Abnormalities of blood mononuclear cell numbers in Graves' hyperthyroidism and SAT are reviewed. PMID- 6968320 TI - Role of a cefoxitin-inducible beta-lactamase in a case of breakthrough bacteremia. AB - Development of resistance during therapy with cefamandole contributes to treatment failure. A simple cefoxitin disk test was recently described which detects a cefamandole-active inducible beta-lactamase not otherwise detectable with cefamandole as the inducer. A case of breakthrough Enterobacter bacteremia due to selection of a resistant subpopulation is reported in an immunocompromised patient. The use of this simple disk test in selected clinical cases is advocated. PMID- 6968321 TI - Reversible and irreversible loss of Fc receptor function of human monocytes as a consequence of interaction with immunoglobulin G. AB - The effects of IgG in different configurations on the Fc receptor function of human monocytes were studied. Receptor function was assessed by quantitating immune adherence and/or ingestion of human erythrocytes coated with IgG anti-D antibody. Monomeric IgGl in solution inhibited the Fc receptor function of monocytes, but this function was restored completely after washing. In contrast, monomeric IgG that was adsorbed nonspecifically to a plastic surface inhibited the Fc receptor function of monocytes even after washing away unbound IgGl. This loss of function could be blocked by sodium azide and was reversed when the IgG adsorbed to plastic was degraded by trypsin, suggesting that loss of function was the reversible consequence of localized binding of most of the monocyte's receptors at the point of contact with immobilized IgGl. Fluid-phase aggregates of IgGl also reduced the Fc receptor function of monocytes as a consequence of direct binding to the monocyte surface. High concentrations of purified aggregates rapidly reduced Fc receptor function but function was reversed by trypsin even after incubation for 18 h. Lower concentrations of aggregates reduced Fc receptor function more slowly, but after 18 h of incubation, lost function was not restored by trypsin treatment. Because the transition from reversible to irreversible loss was blocked by sodium azide, an energy-dependent process of ingestion, shedding or denaturation of receptors is responsible for this irreversible loss of Fc receptor function. Rabbit IgG anti-human IgG bound to IgG adsorbed to the surface of monocytes also mediated a loss of Fc receptor function as a result of the binding of Fc receptors to the Fc portion of the rabbit IgG molecule, a process analogous to the binding of aggregated IgG. After irreversible depletion of Fc receptor function by anti-IgG, partial recovery of function was detectable within 12-24 h of incubation in vitro, and this recovery was blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting that new receptor synthesis was required for restoration of function. PMID- 6968322 TI - Conversion of plasma progesterone to deoxycorticosterone in men, nonpregnant and pregnant women, and adrenalectomized subjects. AB - During the third trimester of human pregnancy the concentrations of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in maternal plasma are 4-50 times those in nonpregnant women and men. It has been suggested that the increased amount of DOC in maternal plasma originates in the fetal compartment. We considered an alternate explanation for the high levels of DOC in plasma or near-term pregnant women, viz., that DOC may be derived in part from 21-hydroxylation of maternal plama progesterone. To test this hyposthesis we measured the fractional conversion of plasma progesterone to DOC from the relationship between the 3H:14C ratio of the infused tracers, [3H]progesterone and [14C]-DOC, and the 3H:14C ratio or urinary 3 alpha,21-dihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one (tetrahydro-DOC). The fractional conversion of plasma progesterone to DOC ([rho](BU)P-DOC), measured in this manner, was 0.007 +/- 0.001 (mean +/- SEM, n = 26) in the subjects of this study. The values for [rho](BU)P-DOC varied widely among subjects (0.002-0.022) but the range of values for [rho](BU)P-DOC was similar among women pregnant with an anencephalic or dead fetus, nonpregnant and adrenalectomized women, and men. The transfer constant of conversion of progesterone to DOC in plasma, [rho](BB)P-DOC, remained constant in a nonpregnant woman during the infusion of nonradiolabeled progesterone at rates of 0-14 mg/h. Based on the results of these studied, we conclude that DOC is formed by extra-adrenal 21-hydroxylation of plasma progesterone and that the rate of formation of DOC by this pathway is proportional to the concentration of progesterone in plasma. PMID- 6968323 TI - Lymphocyte adherence to myelinated tissue in multiple sclerosis. AB - A small subpopulation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes has the capacity to adhere selectively to myelinated sections of human and nonhuman brain tissue. Adherence of lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis is significantly greater than adherence of control lymphocytes. Monocytes inhibit binding in controls. This function appears to be lost by multiple sclerosis monocytes. PMID- 6968324 TI - Evidence by reactivity with hybridoma antibodies for a probable myeloid origin of peripheral blood cells active in natural cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Lymphocytes with Fc receptors (FcR) for IgG active in natural cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity were separated into sheep erythrocyte rosetting (E+) and nonrosetting (E-) fractions, and examined for reactivity with the OK panel of hybridoma-produced monoclonal antibodies. Few cells in either the E+ FcR+ or the E- FcR+ fraction reacted with seven antibodies used to define T cells in various stages of differentiation (OK3, OKT4, OKT5, OKT6, OKT8, OKT9, OKT10). Neither fraction expressed an Ia-like antigen (detected by OKI1), but both were highly reactive with OKM1, an antibody that reacts with monocytes and granulocytes. Incubation of these cytotoxic effector cells with OKM1 plus complement abolished all cytotoxic reactivity, but incubation with a pan-T cell antibody (OKT3) plus complement had no significant effect. These cells were not monocyte precursors, because they could not be induced in vitro to develop macrophage characteristics. The data indicate that most cytotoxic effector cells in natural cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity are not in the T cell lineage, but have a myeloid origin. PMID- 6968325 TI - Neuromorphometric features and dimensional analysis of the vestibular end organ in the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). AB - Neuromorphometric parameters of the vestibular system were determined from serial sections of temporal bones from four little brown bats. Well-developed eminentiae cruciatae project from the cristae ampullares of the anterior and posterior membranous ampullae. A total of 4,500 bipolar ganglion cells were enumerated within the vestibular ganglion. The widths of the cell somas varied from 2.5 to 20 micrometers, with 70% of them having widths between 5.0 and 12.5 micrometers. Two maxima were observed in a curve of ganglion cell density as a function of the length of the ganglion. The first maximum indicated a density of 4,800 cells per mm2 at a length 0.20 from the apex of the ganglion (in the pars dorsalis); the second, a density of 4,750 cells per mm2 at 0.38 mm (in the pars ventralis). The morphometric parameters studied were the radii of curvature of the semicircular ducts, the cross-sectional diameters of the semicircular canals and ducts, the dimensions of the cristae ampullares and their membranous ampullae, and dimensions pertaining to the statoconial organs. Surface areas (measured from graphic projections) were determined as 0.098 mm2 and 0.016 mm2 and hair cell count 500 and 1,300 cells for the saccular and utricular maculae, respectively. The radii of curvature of the three semicircular ducts, R, were dissimilar, with the anterior duct having the largest radius (R = 0.91 mm) and the posterior duct the smallest one (R = 0.69 mm). The average cross-sectional diameters of the anterior, lateral, and posterior ducts were measured as 0.11 mm, 0.14 mm, and 0.13 mm, respectively. Some of the morphological parameters were used to ascertain information regarding the dynamics of semicircular--canal function. In particular, the coefficients theta and II in the torsion pendulum model (Steinhausen, '31; Egmond et al., '49), and the time constants xi L congruent to II/delta and xi S congruent to theta/II of the torsion pendulum model were estimated for the little brown bat from these parameters. Where appropriate, comparisons were made to time constants obtained for other species. PMID- 6968326 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Rengasil) in post extraction pain control. PMID- 6968327 TI - Directional characteristics of the acoustic receiver of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens): a study of eighth nerve auditory responses. AB - The directional characteristics of the peripheral auditory system were assessed from studying the effects of sound direction on the responses of single auditory fibers in the eighth nerve of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Two types of directional response characteristics were observed which are correlated with the best excitatory frequency of the afferent fiber. Low-frequency sensitive neurons possessed V-shaped directional-response curves with a null at the frontal sound field. High-frequency sensitive neurons, on the other hand, showed a strong response to sound coming from the ipsilateral field with a progressively weaker response as the sound source was rotated to the frontal and contralateral field. Two directional cues were revealed: pressure variation at the eardrum and the directionality of the acoustic receiver system. The relative weight contributed by each factor also varies with frequency. PMID- 6968328 TI - Dietary survey methods. 2. A comparison of nutrient intakes within families assessed by household measures and the semi-weighed method. AB - Mean nutrient intakes in eight families estimated using household measures were on average only 2 per cent greater than those based on semi-weighed method. The differences were significant for energy, fat, vitamin C and fibre. When the semi weighed values for individual intakes of fat and sugar were substituted for the household measured values, the differences for fat and energy were no longer significant. Estimates of individual intakes based on household measures compared with those based on the semi-weighed method ranged from overestimates of 45 per cent to underestimates of 37 per cent. PMID- 6968329 TI - Density gradient electrophoresis of mouse spleen lymphocytes: age-related differences. A critical thymus-dependent event during development in the young adult mouse. AB - T and B BALB/c mouse spleen lymphocytes have been separated by preparative density gradient electrophoresis from animals of different ages. Significant age related differences in the frequency of occurrence of cells exhibiting different mobility were observed in the young adult mouse. In the 6.5-week-old animals, the frequency of occurrence of the high (T lymphocytes) and low (B lymphocytes) mobility cells was changed, so that these lymphocytes exhibit an electrophoretic distribution profile different (essentially unimodal) from younger (3.5--5.5 weeks) or older (7.5--17 weeks) animals. In the latter two, bimodal electrophoretic distributions were observed. However, differences were also found in the frequency of occurrence of high and low mobility cells. The mobility distributions, representing individual cell types, were reproducible. Furthermore, the age-related changes were independent of the method of cell preparation and appeared in all mouse strains examined. Lymphocytes from animals thymectomized at the 5th week of age did not exhibit these changes (i.e. unimodal distribution) by the 6th week of age. Their electrophoretic distributions at the 6th week and thereafter were similar to those obtained from younger (3.5--5.5 weeks old) animals. It is concluded that the observed changes in the electrophoretic distributions of mouse spleen lymphocytes during development are thymus dependent and may be related to thymus involution. PMID- 6968330 TI - Extensive spinal epidural hemorrhage associated with von Willebrand's disease--a case report. AB - We have experienced a case of spontaneous spinal epidural hemorrhage associated with von Willebrand's disease. The patient was repeatedly attacked by bleeding of the urinary tract, intramuscular hemorrhage of the right thigh in spite of the administration of AHF. She had a complication of pneumonia and died on the 94th day of hospitalization. The autopsy revealed extensive spinal epidural hemorrhage from the lower part of the first cervical to the 11th thoracic vertebrae. Because of its rarity in previous literature, this case is presented. PMID- 6968331 TI - Platelet antibody in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and other thrombocytopenias. A quantitative, sensitive, and rapid assay. AB - Platelet-associated immunoiglobulin weas measured by the use of fluorescent anti IgG antibody. The method is simple, rapid, and sensitive and provides a precise quantitative assay of bound (direct) and free (indirect) IgG with platelet specificity. We have evaluated this test in 30 normal volunteers and in 50 patients with immune and nonimmune, treated and untreated thrombocytopenias. All patients with immune thrombocytopenias (acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and systemic lupus etythematosus) having platelet counts < 100,000/microliter had elevated levels of platelet-bound IgG, and 86% had also positive results in the indirect assay. All patients with nonimmunological thrombocytopenias showed normal results in the direct and indirect assay of platelet-associated immunoglobulin. In patients studied repeatedly during the course of their illness, an inverse relation was found between platelet count and level of platelet-bound IgG. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus presented clear exceptions to this rule. Investigations of the absorbability of platelet autoantibodies and alloantibodies showed that this assay can readily differentiate between these two antibody species and can also identify specificities of alloantibodies. PMID- 6968332 TI - Endotoxin-induced changes in the interrelationship of density subpopulations of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. AB - Progenitor cells of in vitro colonies of granulocytes and/or macrophages (CFU s'c) constitute a functionally heterogeneous population reflected by differences in their bouyant density. The interrelationship of density subpopulations of murine (CFU-c, obtained by isopycnic centrifugatiuon of bone marrow cells in continuous albumin density gradients, was examined in perturbed states induced by endotoxin injection. Femoral bone marrow CFU-c's were investigated at daily intervals for 3 days after injection of endotoxin. A distinct difference was found between the changes in CFU-c when detected in vitro with MLCM and HU as the sources of CSF. After 1 day, there was a reduction in the number of CFU-c's, in particular by those CFU-c's of low density (< 1.07 gm/cm3) that are detectable in vitro with CSFMLCM and that form predominantly granulocytic colonies. This was followed on day 2 by the reappearance of this subpopulation. In contrast, those CFU-c's detectable with CSFHU and forming predominantly macrophage colonies were characterized by a high modal density (> 1.075 gm/cm3). Their numbers decreased on day 1, increased by day 2, and further increased above control levels by day 3 when they were characterized by a very high mean modal density of 1.087 gm/cm3. These results indicate that the different types of CSF detect subpopulations of CFU-c's that differ in differentiation potential and perhaps constitute a hierarchy in the myelopoietic pathway. PMID- 6968333 TI - Repriming of delayed potassium conductance in frog skeletal muscle. AB - A dissection of the semitendinosus muscle from Rana pipiens was developed for three-microelectrode voltage-clamp studies of the delayed potassium-selective conductance system. The delayed conductance inactivates in muscles bathed in high concentrations of potassium or rubidium, but can be reprimed by hyperpolarizing voltage pulses to membrane potentials beyond -80 mV. The repriming time-course was studied by measuring the delayed conductance that coulde be activated following hyperpolarizing pulses of varying duration. Responses following 20-100 s pulses to potentials between -90 and -140 mV could not be reconciled with an exponential approach to the conductance present in normally polarized fibres. The sigmoid appearance of the early (< 25 s) time course was exaggerated by cooling from 20 to 10 degrees C. This effect was described by a sequential model invoking two inactivated states with different temperature dependences. An explanation is suggested for differences in the kinetics and voltage dependence of repriming between briefly and chronically depolarized muscle cells. PMID- 6968334 TI - Growth of factor-dependent hemopoietic precursor cell lines. AB - Cell lines have been produced from long-term cultures of mouse bone marrow that require a factor, present in WEHI-3 conditioned medium (CM) or in spleen CM, for their sustained growth. The cell lines were obtained from nonvirus-treated cultures, are nonleukemic, maintain a normal karyotype, and form colonies showing granulocyte maturation when plated in soft agar. Granulocyte/macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor is not the inductive moiety involved in the maintenance of proliferation of these cells. It is suggested that the cell lines represent a self-renewing population of cells ancestral to GM colony-forming cells, which may be responding to a hitherto unrecognized regulator. PMID- 6968335 TI - Dendritic cells are accessory cells for the development of anti-trinitrophenyl cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - This study establishes that dendritic cells (DC) are the critical accessory cells for the development of anti-trinitrophenol (TNP) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro. We developed a model in which nylon wool-nonadherent spleen cells were used both as the responding and stimulating cells, the latter having been TNP modified and x-irradiated. Thy-1-bearing CTL developed in C57BL/6, B6D2F1, and CBA mice only when small numbers of DC were added. Maximal responses in 5-d cultures were achieved with 0.5-1 DC/100 responding T cells. The DC did not have to be TNP modified directly. Anti-Ia and complement inactivated accessory cells, whereas similar treatment of the responders had no effect. DC exposed to ultraviolet radiation were ineffective, but x-irradiated DC were fully active. Culture media from DC, or from DC-nylon wool-passed spleen T cell cocultures that contained abundant CTL, would not substitute for viable DC. Enriched preparations of macrophages (M phi) were obtained from blood, peritoneal cavity, and spleens of BCG-immune and unprimed mice. M phi added at doses of 0.2-4% were weak or inactive as accessory cells. The level of Ia antigens on test M phi populations was quantitated and visualized by binding of a radioiodinated monoclonal anti-I Ab,d antibody, clone B-21. M phi that bore substantial amounts of Ia from all organs were weak accessory cells. Addition of M phi to DC-T cell cocultures produced inhibitory effects, usually at a dose of 2% M phi. In contrast, 0.5% Ia bearing M phi from BCG-immune boosted mice inhibited > 80% of the DC-mediated CTL response. Addition of indomethacin reversed M phi inhibition, and 10(-9) M prostaglandin E2 in turn blocked the indomethacin effect. Indomethacin also restored a low level of accessory cell function in immune-boosted adherent peritoneal cells, but not in preparations of monocytes and spleen M phi. Small numbers of DC were identified in preparations of immune-boosted peritoneal cells and may have accounted for the observed accessory activity. We conclude that the development of anti-TNP CTL is an immune response in which (a) DC are the critical accessory cells; (b) Ia-bearing M phi are weak or inactive; and (c) M phi can inhibit DC-mediated response by an indomethacin-sensitive mechanism. PMID- 6968336 TI - Human prothymocytes. Membrane properties, differentiation patterns, glucocorticoid sensitivity, and ultrastructural features. AB - Thymic precursor cells (prothymocytes) comprise a large proportion of the fetal thymic cell population, but are less frequently encountered in the postnatal thymus, where they compose < 1% of the entire population. In the present study we attempted to characterize a number of properties of the prothymocytes obtained from human fetal thymic tissues after depletion of the E-rosette thymocyes on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. The prothymocytes are larger than the thymocytes and show a different nuclear chromatin pattern. This subset of cells lacks the E rosetting and natural-attachment capacities and, unlike thymocytes, does not bind the lectin peanut agglutinin. Human prothymocytes are highly sensitive to the in vitro cytolytic effect of hydrocortisone, whereas the thymocytes are resistant. Long-term in vitro culture of prothymocytes resulted in the expression of thymocyte characteristics together with a burst of mitotic activity. Results of this study indicate that the rate of the prothymocyte proliferation is regulated by the small thymocytes present in the same suspension. PMID- 6968340 TI - An improved encounter card for documentation of clinical experience. PMID- 6968338 TI - Human homologue of murine T200 glycoprotein. AB - We report the identification of the human homologue of murine T200 glycoprotein. Peptide-mapping experiments suggest that the structure of the glycoprotein is highly conserved between the two species. Many of the properties of human T200 homologue are similar to those of murine T200 glycoprotein: it is broadly distributed within the hematopoietic system but is not detectable on nonhematopoietic cells; there are also structural differences between the forms of the glycoprotein found on T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines. These results suggest the homologous glycoproteins may play similar functional roles in both species. PMID- 6968337 TI - Elimination of syngeneic sarcomas in rats by a subset of T lymphocytes. AB - Established subcutaneous Moloney sarcomas (MST-1) of large size and long duration were eliminated from syngeneic rats by intravenous infusion of varying numbers of specific syngeneic effector T lymphocytes. Spleen cells from BN rats in which tumor had regressed were cultured in an in vitro mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC) to augment cytotoxicity of effector cells. In the MLTC a T cell subset was expanded in response to MST-1 antigens and transformed into blast elements. With these changes, there was an increase in the W3/25 antigen on the T cell surface, a decrease of W3/13 antigen, and an increase in the number of T cells with Ia antigens. The subset associated with elimination of established tumors was a blast T cell W3/25+, W3/13+, as detected by monoclonal antibodies to rat T antigens. The W3/25+ subset was poorly cytotoxic in vitro for MST-1 and apparently functioned in vivo as an amplifier or helper cell in the tumor-bearing host. The W3/25- population was a melange of cells that included (W3/13+, W3/25-) T cells, null cells, Ig+ cells, and macrophages, and was associated with enhancement of tumor in vivo, suggesting the presence of suppressor cells. PMID- 6968339 TI - Concanavalin A-inducible, interleukin-2-producing T cell hybridoma. AB - The fusion of an AKR T cell tumor line to normal B6D2F1, T cells resulted in the production of a cloned T cell hybridoma (FS6-14.13) inducible with the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). The supernate from Con A-stimulated hybridoma cells was active both in the stimulation of an anti-sheep red blood cell response by partially T cell-depleted B cells and in the stimulation of the growth of antigen specific T cell blasts. The active principle in both assays had a molecular weight of approximately 30-40,000. These results indicated the presence of interleukin 2 (IL2) in the hybridoma supernate. The activity of the hybridoma supernate in B cell responses was dependent on the presence of adherent cells and a few contaminating T cells. On the other hand, Con A-stimulated supernates from normal spleen cells were active after either adherent cell removal or severe T cell depletion. These results suggested that IL2 was the only active helper factor in the hybridoma supernate, but that additional helper factors were present in supernates from Con A-stimulated normal spleen cells. PMID- 6968341 TI - Hypercalcaemia associated with cerebral vasospasm causing infarction. AB - Central nervous system disorders are not uncommon in patients with hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcaemia. Usually these consist of neuropsychiatric disturbances but acute encephalopathies and seizures may occur. A rare manifestation is cerebral infarction. A patient is presented with neuroradiological evidence of infarction caused by cerebral arterial spasm which appears related to hypercalcaemia due to hypervitaminosis D. Arterial spasm is suggested as a possible aetiological factor in focal neurological lesions associated with hypercalcaemia. PMID- 6968342 TI - Effects of slow frequency electrical stimulation on muscles of dystrophic mice. AB - The hind leg muscles of dystrophic mice (C57 BL dy2J/dy2J) wer chronically stimulated at 10 Hz for 30 minutes six times a day. After 14 days of such activity a clinical improvement in the use of the stimulated leg was noticed. The twitch and tetanic tensions developed by the stimulated tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles were higher than those developed by the control, unstimulated muscles on the contralateral side. Histochemically visualised activity of the oxidative enzyme succinic dehydrogenase was greater in fibres of the stimulated muscles. The stimulated muscles contained more muscle fibres than unstimulated controls. It is concluded that slow frequency activity has a beneficial effect on muscles of dystrophic mice. PMID- 6968343 TI - Functional properties of Mauthner cell in the tadpole Rana catesbeiana. PMID- 6968344 TI - Eighth nerve lipoma. Case report. AB - A case of lipoma of the right eighth cranial nerve in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is presented. The patient had a clinical, diagnostic, surgical, and postoperative course similar to that of patients with other small CPA tumors. The literature on this rare CPA tumor is reviewed and discussed. PMID- 6968345 TI - Role of bone scintigraphy in the evaluation and treatment of nonunited fractures: concise communication. AB - Seventy-seven patients with nonunited fractures underwent percutaneous low-grade, direct-current stimulation; the response was correlated with the scintigraphic findings obtained before the treatment. Two distinct patterns of osseous activity were noted: those with intense activity at the fracture site (Group 1) and those with a line of decreased activity surrounded by increased uptake on both sides (Group 2). The scintigrams that did not fit into either of the two patterns were considered as indeterminate (Group 3). Whereas 95% of the patients in Group 1 showed an excellent response to electric stimulation, none of the patients in Group 2 had evidence of healing. The response rate in the third group was 50%. On the basis of these preliminary data, bone scintigraphy is recommended as an important initial examination for the proper selection of patients for percutaneous electric stimulation. PMID- 6968346 TI - Method for optimizing side shielding in positron-emission tomographs and for comparing detector materials. AB - This report presents analytical formulas for the image-forming and background event rates seen by circular positron-emission tomographs with parallel side shielding. These formulas include deadtime losses, detector efficiency, coincidence resolving time, amount of activity, patient port diameter, shielding gap, and shielding depth. A figure of merit, defined in terms of these quantitites, describes the signal-to-noise ratio in the reconstructed image of a 20-cm cylinder of water with uniformly dispersed activity. For 1-cm-wide nal (TI) detectors, a 50-cm patient port, an activity of 200 microCi per axial centimeter, and a shielding gap of 2 cm, the optimum shielding depth is 20 cm, which requires a detector circle diameter of 90 cm. For a 25-cm patient port and other conditions as above, the optimum shielding depth is 14 cm. Results are presented for the scintillators Nal(TI), bismuth germanate (BGO), CsF, and plastic; and for Ge(Li) and wire chambers with converters. In these examples, BGO provided the best signal-to-noise activity levels below 1000 microCi per cm, and CsF had the advantage for higher activity levels. PMID- 6968347 TI - Fetomaternal vitamin D relationships at term. PMID- 6968348 TI - Maternal and fetal serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels at term. PMID- 6968350 TI - The diagnosis and prognosis of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 6968349 TI - Cell-mediated immune response to fractionated products of Actinomyces viscosus cultures. AB - Since bacterial invasion of host tissue has not been shown to occur in the course of periodontitis, many investigators believe that products released from dental plaque microorganisms enter the tissue and elicit a series of host responses leading to the pathological condition. This study, therefore, was designed to explore the possibility that cell-free products isolated from Actinomyces viscosus cultures are able to induce cell-mediated immunological responses in experimental animals. Hartley strain guinea pigs were sensitized with concentrated cell-free products of A. viscosus culture supernatant fluids mixed with Freund complete adjuvant. After 10 to 17 days the animals responded to challenge with this material with skin reactions indicative of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Furthermore, cells isolated from sensitized animals produced mitogenic factor and macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) when cultured with the material. The cell-free culture products were fractionated by column chromatography and electrophoresis. Several partially purified components were shown to induce cell-mediated responses in guinea pigs as determined by skin tests and by mitogenic factor and MIF assays. It is apparent that this single microorganism associated with dental plaque is capable of producing several substances which can induce a cell-mediated immune response and subsequent tissue inflammation in laboratory animals. PMID- 6968351 TI - Immunological abnormalities in psoriatic arthropathy. AB - Immunological parameters were studied in 25 cases of psoriatic arthropathy. We found in the peripheral blood an increase of IgA, a decrease of IgM, and low conentrations of immune complexes. Anti-gammaglobulin factors, mainly of the IgG class, were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in 55.5% of cases. The study of lymphocyte membrane markers showed a decrease of T cells as investigated by E and "active" E-rosettes, a decrease of EA gamma-rosette-forming cells, and an increase of "high avidity" EA-rosettes. Lymphocyte responses to phytomitogens were normal. There was no correlation between the clinical data and the immunolgical features. PMID- 6968352 TI - Characteristics of death education curricula in American medical schools. AB - To determine the content, structure, objectives, and organization of death education curricula in American medical schools, a cross-sectional survey was developed. The data, representing 100% of the population, demonstrated that such curricula expanded markedly during the past decade. The developmental stimuli for death education, sources of funding, and objectives of death education curricula were relatively consistent across respondents. Conversely, course content, faculty and patient roles, learning resources, and involvement in curriculum research did not evidence a systematic development. The results of the study suggest the need for a further investigation of the clinical implications of death education. PMID- 6968353 TI - Blood lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis share the following characteristics with activated T cells: natural attachment, stable E rosetting and glucocorticoid sensitivity. AB - Blood lymphocytes of infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients, unlike these obtained from healthy individuals, exhibit the following characteristics of activated T cells: (1) "stable" E rosette formation; (2) natural attachment to various human normal and malignant cells; (3) sensitivity in vitro to the lytic effect of glucocorticoids. Although the IM T cells attach in vitro to all the human cells tested, they kill only the EBV genome carrying targets. The possibility is discussed that some of the activated T cells in IM result from a non-specific activation elicited by the T cells responding specifically to the EBV associated antigens. PMID- 6968354 TI - Comparison of lymphocytes forming stable E-rosettes generated in vivo and in vitro. AB - Stable E-rosette forming cells from peripheral blood of patients with acute type B hepatitis and from human thymus were compared with respect to buoyant density and FclgG receptors to stable E-rosette forming lymphocytes generated during culture of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes with concanavalin A. Stable E rosette forming lymphocytes from patients were distributed in the same high density region of discontinuous bovine serum albumin density gradients as thymus stable E-rosette forming cells but thymus cells did not have FclgG receptors. 5 21% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes formed stable E-rosettes after culture with concanavalin A but they were found in all densilty fractions. 6-29% of these lymphocytes had receptors for FclgG. The ability to form stable E-rosettes may be a marker for a subset of peripheral blood lymphocytes able to suppress immunological responses. PMID- 6968355 TI - Tolerance inducibility and the elicitation of autoantibodies by LPS in aged NZB mice. AB - Correlation between tolerance inducibility to human IgG and the elicitation of anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies by LPS was investigated in NZB mice. At first, tolerance inducibility to human IgG was examined in various ages of the mice. Straight relationship was found between the age of mice and tolerance inducibility; the older mice became, the more difficult it became to induce tolerance. This age-related change was also shown at the level of B lymphocytes. When LPS was injected into tolerogen-resistant, aged mice, anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies were elicited. On the other hand, autoantibodies were never detected in younger NZB mice or other strains of comparable aged mice. From these results, it is assumed that similar mechanisms are operating in the escape from self-tolerance and the resistance to tolerance to heterologous antigens, thus self-reactive B lymphocytes gradually appear with the age of NZB nice in which the resistance to tolerance induction become apparent. PMID- 6968356 TI - Snakebite and snake venom ophthalmia. AB - Snakebite is not necessarily snake envenomation. Of about 2,500 known species of snakes, only about 40 are regarded as being dangerous. A snake will not go out of its way to attack a person and even in defense, snakes bite humans usually to dissuade and not to kill.Early surgical excision of the bitten area is regarded as a most important aspect in the management of a poisonous snakebite, and because of the side effects of horse serum, cautious use of antivenin is advised only in cases of severe systemic poisoning.When a snake spits into the eyes, prompt treatment is indicated to prevent future blindness. PMID- 6968357 TI - Bioconcentration of organophosphorus pesticides to hazardous levels by amphibians. AB - Organophosphorus pesticides have generally low persistence in the environment, but they may persist in water and accumulate in certain aquatic vertebrates. Frogs are resistant to cholinesterase inhibitors; thus it was suspected that they might accumulate the pesticides. Tadpoles concentrated pesticides from water up to 60 times; those exposed to 1 ppm parathion and 5 ppm fenthion were lethal when they were fed to mallard ducks. Dicrotophos, malathion, and acephate were not accumulated to levels such that they were lethal when consumed in a single meal by ducks. Brain cholinesterase levels were correlated with dose and effect. Metabolites of parathion and fenthion produced by the tadpoles were rapidly excreted and it was concluded that they play a small role in the toxicity of the larvae to ducks. Dangerous levels of some pesticides may be accumulated by amphibians in nature and may adversely affect carnivorous species. PMID- 6968358 TI - Genetic control of prophage induction in haemophilus influenzae after exposure to psoralen plus near-UV light. AB - Prophage S2 could be induced by psoralen plus near-UV light (PNUV) from a wild type strain of Haemophilus influenzae, from UV light-sensitive strains uvr-1 and uvr-2 and PNUV-sensitive strains PSO1 amd PSO7, but not from a recombination deficient strain, rec-1. The levels of prophage induction were comparable in the wild type and an ATP-dependent DNase-deficient strain, KW31, even though the PNUV induced degradation in the latter strain was considerably lower. Prophage induction could be observed even with chloramphenicol present before, during, and 30 min after PNUV treatment. PMID- 6968359 TI - Successful prostatectomy in patients with inherited abnormalities of the factor VIII molecule. AB - Urological procedures pose specific medical and surgical problems in the patient with a hemorrhagic disorder. Three men, each with a different inherited deficiency involving the factor VIII molecule, underwent prostatectomy. Prolonged postoperative genitourinary hemorrhage was encountered and treated with replacement therapy and the use of inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Successful management of these patients with inherited coagulopathies depends on a thorough understanding of the hemostatic defect, adequate laboratory support and sufficient supplies of blood products. PMID- 6968360 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type C meningitis with sepsis. PMID- 6968361 TI - Emergency laparotomy immediately after coronary bypass. AB - Eight patients required emergency laparotomy in the immediate postoperative period after coronary artery bypass (CAB). Cardiac complications were few and minor. Sepsis was the major cause of mortality. In the two patients who died, delay in operative management contributed to their deaths. The lack of cardiac causes of morbidity and mortality in our series and others suggests that a stable postoperative coronary bypass patient represents a better surgical risk than the same patient preoperatively. Therefore, aggressive management, including early laparotomy, for suspected intra-abdominal pathology after CAB is recommended to avoid uncontrollable sepsis and death. PMID- 6968362 TI - Recurrence of variant angina after bypass surgery. PMID- 6968363 TI - [A case of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) associated with multiple hematological malignancies in the patient's sibship]. PMID- 6968364 TI - [A comparison of radionuclide tomographic scan and real-time ultrasonic image for the detection of focal hepatic lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968365 TI - [A case of ileal hemorrhagic infarction of unknown origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968366 TI - [Single photon radionuclide computed tomography with tomogscanner II: (3) Body phantom study with new collimator of 20 cm focal depth (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968367 TI - Relationship between the electroretinogram (ERG) and the proximal negative response (PNR). AB - Using the bullfrog retina, depth profiles of Burkhardt's PNR and of the ERG are compared under various recording conditions. When the retina is voltage-annulled so that there is no ERG potential outside the retina, the depth profile of the ERG changes to resemble that of the PNR. When there is current annullment so that there is no ERG current outside, the depth profile of the PNR changes to resemble that of the ERG. Our evidence suggests that Burkhardt's PNR can be further analyzed into a PNR proper, which consists of an initial fast negativity followed by a slow negativity, and a local ERG dominated by the b-wave. PMID- 6968368 TI - [Analysis of cellular and protein content of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid from patients with sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968369 TI - Detection and partial characterization of human thymus-leukemia antigens. AB - Two monkey antisera against human thymocytes after absorption with human erythrocytes and peripheral blood leukocytes were shown to detect human thymus leukemia (HTL)-like antigens. These sera were cytotoxic for thymocytes (> 90% lysis at a 1:10 dilution) but were nonreactive with enriched peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes or with cells from myeloid or B-cell lymphoid leukemias. Most (16/17) sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells reacted with these sera. Cells from patients with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL), and thymoma were also positive. Three of 4 T-cell lymphoblastoid lines derived from ALL patients reacted with these sera. Absorption of the sera with MOLT-4F cells, thymocytes, or LBL cells removed the reactivity against all types of cells tested. However, sera absorbed with the T-cell line HSB remained cytotoxic for thymocytes, MOLT 4F, and most (6/9) T-cell cancers tested. The peripheral blood cell-absorbed sera precipitated a molecule with an apparent molecular weight of 48,000 from lactoperoxidase-labeled thymocytes but not from similarly labeled peripheral blood lymphocytes. The ability of the sera to precipitate this antigen was decreased by absorption with thymocytes, MOLT-4, or LBL cells but not by absorption with HSB, SB, or non-T, non-B ALL cells. Sequential precipitation studies suggested that the HTL antigen was not associated with beta 2 microglobulin. PMID- 6968370 TI - Specific cytotoxicity in vitro by T-cell-enriched lymphocyte subpopulations from rats bearing chemically induced but not spontaneous tumors. AB - Effector cells from inbred BD X and WAB rats bearing either spontaneously arising or chemically induced tumors were cytotoxic for target cells of both kinds of tumor. The level of cytotoxicity of tumor-bearing animals regularly surmounted that of natural cytotoxicity observed in age-matched untreated controls. These findings were obtained by a visual-countin microcytotoxicity assay (48 hr) and by a 51Cr label assay (12 hr). Cytotoxicity by tumor-bearing rat effectors was directed against the homologous tumor target cell line, different tumor cells of the same inbred rat strain, tumor cells derived from allogeneic rats, and fetal fibroblasts, but not against adult fibroblasts. Separation of lymphocytes by rosetting with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) loaded with either antiimmunoglobulin or anti-SRBC or with anti-SRBC and complement revealed that cross-reactive cytotoxiciy was confined to a non-T effector cell population, which was observed with lymphocytes from rats bearing either chemically induced or spontaneous tumors. Cytotoxicity directed exclusively against the tumor of the lymphocyte donors was exerted by the T-cell-enriched fraction. This element was completely absent in lymphocytes from animals bearing spontaneous tumors, but it was detected in lymphocytes from donors with chemically induced (immunogenic) tumors. PMID- 6968371 TI - Effects of ergothioneine, cysteine, and glutathione on nitrosation of secondary amines under physiologic conditions. AB - The effects of ergothioneine, cysteine, and glutathione, which are naturally occurring sulfhydryl compounds, on the aerobic and anaerobic nitrosation of dimethylamine were studied at pH 2.0-7.0 and at 37 degrees C. Under aerobic conditions, ergothioneine increased the formation of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) at all pH values tested, cysteine and glutathione had the same effect at pH 4.0-6.0, and cysteine formed DMN at pH 7.0. However, as compared to controls cysteine showed no increased effect in an O2 atmosphere at pH 6.0. The effects of sulfhydryl compounds on anaerobic nitrosation were more significant (p < 0.001) than on aerobic nitrosation, probably because these sulfhydryl compounds, except ergothioneine, are easily oxidized. Ergothioneine increased aerobic nitrosation almost as strongly as anaerobic nitrosation. The effects of sulfhydryl compounds, especially ergothioneine, on nitrosation at physiologic pH and temperature might be significant in the in vivo formation of N-nitrosamines in the hemorrhage or ulcerous gastrointestinal tract or injured organs. PMID- 6968373 TI - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage by arterial embolization and observations on autosomal dominant inheritance. PMID- 6968372 TI - Defective cytotoxic T-cell generation in Moloney murine sarcoma virus-infected A/Sn mice. AB - Cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) could not be detected in spleen cell suspensions from Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MuSV)-induced tumor-bearing A/Sn and (A/Sn X C57BL/6) F1 mice, with the A/Sn-derived natural killer (NK)-sensitive YAC-1 lymphoma cells used as targets. However, spleen T-cells from tumor-bearing (A/Sn X C57Bl/6)F1 mice were efficient killers against C57BL/6-derived RBL-5 cells. When tested for viral antigens by sera from mice with regressing atumors, YAC-1 and RBL-5 cells cross-reacted. The anti-RBL-5 effect of spleen cells from A/Sn X C57BL/6)F1 tumor bearers was blocked in cold target competition experiments by YAC-1 cells, which suggested the expression of a CTL target structure on YAC-1 cells. The activity against YAC-1 cells in spleen suspensions of both tumor bearing and control (A/Sn X C57BL/6)F1 mice seemed to be an NK phenomenon entirely, because blocking occurred neither with RBL-5 cells nor with freshly prepared YAC lymphoma cells, both of which have low sensitivity to NK effects. Spleen cells from (A/Sn X C57BL/6)F1 regressors were stimulated to a secondary CTL response in vitro by YAC-1 and RBL-5 cells, which further indicated that YAC 1 cells express the M-MuSV-specific CTL target structure. These experiments also showed that YAC-1 cells could be lysed by CTL. YAC-1 cells did not induce a secondary response in A/Sn regressors, which indicated a lack of M-MuSV-induced CTL memory cells in this strain. The result was not due to a general unreactivity of A/Sn mice against YAC-1 cells, because spleen cells from YAC-1-immunized mice exhibited strong T-cell-mediated anti-YAC-1 activity after in vitro cultivation. Thus tumor regression seems to occur without the production of CTL in A/Sn mice. PMID- 6968374 TI - [Endoscopic thrombosis of esophageal varices in hemorrhage in portal hypertension patients]. PMID- 6968375 TI - [Morphofunctional state of the thoracic lymphatic duct and its drainage in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6968377 TI - [Cornea guttata in specular microscopy (author's transl)]. AB - The specular photomicrographic appearance of cornea guttata is described in both donor material and in patients. Furthermore, an analysis of endothelial cell density in patients with cornea guttata is presented and compared with cell density in the normal population in the same age group. The mean endothelial cell size in 16 eyes with cornea guttata was significantly larger than in 20 normal eyes of persons between 70 and 79 years of age. PMID- 6968376 TI - [Corneal dyskeratosis]. AB - Isolated dyskeratosis of the cornea is more frequent than is generally recognized. Our observations show that corneal dyskeratosis can originate from insufficient tear secretion. Also, trophic disturbances together with a mucus deficiency of the tear-film may be the cause. With regard to the treatment of dyskeratoses, the etiological factors should be taken into account. Isolated dyskeratosis of the cornea cannot be considered a precancerosis. PMID- 6968378 TI - [Indications and techniques for removal of subluxated lenses (author's transl)]. AB - Extraction only appears indicated in cases of anteriour luxation and phakolytic glaucoma. Visual disturbances due to a dislocated lens should be considered relative indications for removal, since functional improvement cannot be expected as a rule. Expression of the lens through a corneoscleral incision is the method of choice in cases of anterior luxation (Fig. 1) as well as in subluxations without vitreous prolapse (Fig. 2) Open-sky vitrectomy allows for clearing of the route of extraction in cases of subluxation with vitreous in the anterior chamber (Fig. 3). A pars plana approach may be chosen in cases with a soft nucleus (Fig. 4) whereas luxated lenses with a hard nucleus are first aspirated (soft capsule and cortex), then the hard nucleus is luxated into the anterior chamber and finally extracted through a small corneoscleral incision, thus avoiding prolonged perfusion of the anterior chamber necessary for stripper techniques. PMID- 6968379 TI - [Diagnosis of colour agnosia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968380 TI - Mechanism of increased antitumor immunity by a synthetic polymer. PMID- 6968381 TI - Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression: inhibitory effects on expression of Fc receptors and production of T-cell growth factor. PMID- 6968382 TI - Alcohol and serum bactericidal activity against Hemophilus influenzae. AB - No change was found in serum bactericidal activity against Hemophilus influenzae, type b, or in the third and fourth component of complement in adult humans after 75 or 200 ml of whisky. PMID- 6968383 TI - Proliferative responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to polyclonal activation: a comparison of young and elderly individuals. AB - Associated with human aging is a decline in immune activity, of both the cell mediated and humoral types. In vivo, autoantibodies increase with aging and antibody responses to flagellin are decreased in the elderly as compared to the young. These abnormalities may be due to defects in helper or suppressor T cells, or innate defects in B cells. In vitro, the proliferative response of B cells to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) is dependent upon T cells. We studied the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) to polyclonal activation with PWM in young and elderly normal individuals and found that the number of IgA and IgM-bearing B cells produced was increased in elderly subjects. This difference was statistically significant for IgA-bearing cells when MNC were placed with 5 and 15 microliter of PWM for 5 days and with 15 microliter of PWM for 6 days. Statistically significant increases in IgM-bearing cells were seen when MNC were plased with 5 microliter of PWM for 5 days and 5 and 10 microliter of PWM for 7 days. The differences in numbers of IgG-bearing cells were less consistent. Significant increases were seen when MNC were cultured with 10 microliter of PWM for 5 days and 5 microliter of PWM for 6 days. Our results suggest that in elderly normal individuals numbers of immunoglobulin-bearing cells are increased after polyclonal activation of MNC. This increase in immunoglobulin-bearing B cells associated with reports of in vivo humoral abnormalities suggests that there is loss of regulation of T cells on B cells in normal elderly individuals. PMID- 6968384 TI - Magnetophosphenes: a quantitative analysis of thresholds. PMID- 6968385 TI - Trypsin-treated serum potentiates thymidine incorporation into concanavalin A stimulated thymocytes. PMID- 6968386 TI - [Radionuclide scanning in studying pulmonary blood flow in patent ductus arteriosus]. PMID- 6968387 TI - [PEP-1 multichannel electronic apparatus for electropuncture]. AB - Pep-1 is a 6-channel apparatus for electropuncture, produced in series. It is intended for the following purposes: determination of acupuncture points (AP) by the contact method; diagnosis of the state of different organs according to the value of assymetric currents having positive or negative polarities; for therapeutic action on APs by constant electrical current with definite polarity and frequency, and by alternating current pulses through epicutaneous electrodes or miniclamps connected with acupuncture needles (electropuncture and electroacupuncture), and finally, for therapeutic effect on APs by microelectrophoresis. PMID- 6968388 TI - [Acute diagnosis and therapy of severe hemorrhages from the esophagus, stomach and upper small intestine]. PMID- 6968389 TI - [Obstructive icterus - a risk factor for postoperative stress ulcer hemorrhage]. PMID- 6968390 TI - [Observations of disease course and documentation of findings in inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6968391 TI - [Intermittent reaction in the electronystagmographic pendular test in chronic carbon disulfide poisoning]. AB - 101 past workers of artificial fibres plant (average age 50.5 years +/- 6.1, average length of employment 21.8 years +/- 6.0, disabled due to recognized chronic carbon disulphide poisoning of various clinical forms, have been examined. Apart from routine ENG examination (recording at rest and after kinetic, caloric and optokinetic stimulation), the pendular swivel chair test has been carried out. Tonnies electronystagmograph coupled with electronically controlled swivel chair D-420 has been used, programmed for pendular motion with angular acceleration values 1 degree/sek2. Analysis of electronystagmographic records after pendular stimulation has revealed the characteristic intermittent nystagmus reaction in 50.5% of subjects. Occurrence of such nystagmus pattern increased with patients age and CS2 exposure duration, amounting in particular clinical forms of poisoning to the following: 91% in encephalopolyneuropathy, 70% in encephalopathy and 35% in polyneuropathy. The authors regard the electronystagmographic evaluation of vestibular system done with the pendular swivel chair as significant aid in diagnosing toxic labyrinthopathies due to CS2 poisonings. On the other hand, intermittent nystagmus reaction may be indicative of the central nature of the lesions. PMID- 6968393 TI - Effect of puromycin on guinea pig lymphotoxin release and lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity. AB - In order to confirm the role of guinea pig lymphotoxin (GLT) in lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity (LICC), the effect of puromycin, a potent enhancer of GLT activity, on the LICC to target L . P3 cells induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was investigated under serum-free conditions. LICC was completely inhibited by puromycin, when it was added at the initiation of LICC culture, because of the inhibition of the release of GLT from the effector lymph node cells. However, LICC was markedly enhanced when puromycin was added several hours after the initiation of LICC culture. The interpretation of these facts is that GLT release can be inhibited by puromycin, but that the GLT already released exerts an enhanced cytotoxic effect on the target cells in the presence of puromycin. Enhancement of the cytotoxicity by the addition of puromycin several hours after the initiation of LICC culture was observed even after the removal of the GLT present in the supernatant, suggesting that the morphologically intact target cells were already affected by GLT in the early stages of LICC culture. PMID- 6968392 TI - Numerical changes in T cell subsets (T gamma and T mu) in leprosy patients. AB - Eighty-six leprosy patients (49 active lepromatous, 24 inactive lepromatous 7 borderline, and 6 tuberculoid) and nine healthy controls were examined for numerical changes in T cell subsets (T gamma and T mu), and complement levels in peripheral blood to determine the roles of T cell subsets and complement in the etiology of leprosy. The percentage and number of T gamma and T mu showed no significant differences among the different clinical groups, but 4 out of 49 active lepromatous, 3 out of 24 inactive lepromatous and 3 out of 7 borderline cases showed a high prcentage of T gamma cells. Serum concentrations of C4, C3c, and C3 activator, an important factor in the alternative pathway of complement activation, were not significantly different among the groups. However, C3 activator and C3c concentrations were significantly high in active lepromatous patients complicated by an immune complex disease called "erythema nodosum leprosum" (ENL) compared with ENL-free active lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 6968394 TI - [Dental extractions and hemostasis]. PMID- 6968395 TI - Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) PMID- 6968396 TI - [Antibacterial comparison of sulfonamide combinations]. PMID- 6968397 TI - Sites of action of phencyclidine. I. Effects on the electrical excitability and chemosensitive properties of the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle. PMID- 6968398 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the conformation of nucleotides, oligonucleotides, and their analogs in solution. IV. Syn--anti-equilibrium in aqueous solutions of 2'-deoxynucleosides and nucleotides]. AB - The method of determination of syn-anti-equilibrium constants by experimental measuring of spin-lattice relaxation rates of the H (1') atom of the carbohydrate ring recently elaborated by us for the ribonucleosides and nucleotides was applied to deoxy compounds. For calculation of the contribution of the H (2') and H (2") nuclei rapid relaxation to the relaxation rate of H (1'), the emprical expression was proposed. Conformation situation in aqueous solution of 2' deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphates and pyrimidine 2'-deoxynucleosides was demonstrated to be characterized by the substantial preponderance of the anti-state. In the solution of dGuo and dAdo the relative weight of the anti-population was decreased to 0.5 and 0.3, respectively. The time average values of glycosidictorsional angle chi in the anti-state was calculated. PMID- 6968399 TI - [Effect of pH on photoinduced electron transport in reaction center preparations from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides]. AB - The effect of ph on kinetics of photo-induced electron transport process was studied on reaction centre preparations extracted by LDAO treatment of R. sphaeroides chromatophores (strain 1760-1). Reaction centre activity was found to be optimal at pH 7--9. Within this range of pH, the rate constant, KX1X2, for electron transfer from the primary FeQ acceptor complex (X1) to the secondary quinone acceptor X2 appeared to be invariant. On pH lowering from 7 to 5 the value of KX1X2 increases by several times. It abruptly drops, when pH is increased from 9 to 9.5. The nature of these phenomena including influence of pH on KX1X2 value is discussed. PMID- 6968400 TI - [Testing exocrine pancreas function using the PABA peptide test in childhood]. PMID- 6968401 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency--a possible cause for cholestasis in the newborn]. PMID- 6968402 TI - Polyclonal B-cell lymphoma during infection with Epstein-Barr virus. PMID- 6968404 TI - Case 24-1980: alpha-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6968403 TI - Whence the Sezary cell? PMID- 6968405 TI - The skin and T-cell differentiation. PMID- 6968406 TI - Nuclear accumulation of epidermal growth factor in cultured rat pituitary cells. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a mitogen for epidermal cells in vivo and for a wide variety of cells in culture. Recently, we and others have reported that EGF can also regulate the cellular levels of various hormones and fibronectin at concentrations which only minimally influence cell division. In addition, EGF treatment of GH3 cells affects chromatin structure such that isolated nuclei from treated cells have an increased capacity to bind bacterial RNA polymerase in initiation site complexes. Thus, the data suggest that various nuclear functions are modulated by EGF in GH3 cells despite its failure to affect DNA synthesis or cell proliferation. Recently, Yanker and Shooter have reported on the nuclear accumulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) in PC12 cells in which NGF does not promote cell division but does influence RNA and protein synthesis while inducing overt differentiation (neurite outgrowth). The similarities between the two systems and the various theories regarding the mechanism by which mitogens exert their growth-promoting and other effects led us to investigate whether an interaction between EGF and the cell nucleus can be demonstrated after surface binding and internalization of EGF in GH3 cells. We report here that when its lysosomal degradation is inhibited by chloroquine, EGF accumulates in the nucleus. PMID- 6968407 TI - Inhibition of 40S--Met--tRNAfMet ribosomal initiation complex formation by vaccinia virus. AB - Infection with vaccinia virus (a poxvirus) quickly and efficiently shuts off host protein synthesis in the presence of actinomycin D (refs 3--5) or cycloheximide. The cellular messenger RNA apparently remains stable in the infected cells exposed to inhibitors of viral gene transcription. In some cases vaccinia viral RNA or poly(A) synthesis have been implicated in the establishment of this effect. However, in the presence of cordycepin (3-deoxyadenosine) which blocks viral gene transcription and cytoplasmic poly(A) synthesis, cellular protein synthesis is still efficiently inhibited in vaccinia virus-infected cells. This shutoff is also observed in vitro, in the corresponding cell-free extracts, and in a reticulocyte lysate. Therefore the shutoff of host protein synthesis is probably mediated by a factor associated with vaccinia virions. We now report that the formation of the 40S--Met-tRNAfMet initiation complex is inhibited in cytoplasmic extracts derived from vaccinia virus-infected cells exposed to cordycepin to block viral gene expression. A similar inhibition is found in reticulocyte lysates incubated with purified vaccinia cores, confirming the hypothesis that the factor associated with the viral cores is responsible for the inhibition observed in vaccinia virus-infected cells exposed to inhibitors of transcription. PMID- 6968408 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A on T-dependent and T-independent immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro. AB - An immunosuppressive cyclic polypeptide, cyclosporin A (CyA), isolated originally from two species of fungi, prolongs organ allograft survival in several species. However, virtually nothing is known about the pharmacokinetics of this substance and its mode of action in man. We have quantified the impact of CyA on T dependent and T-independent immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis of human blood leukocytes in vitro, and on the proliferating capacity of the interacting lymphoid cell populations--T cells, B cells, T mu and T gamma cells. CyA inhibited all responses at approximately equal concentrations. The blast cells rather than resting lymphocytes and/or Ig-synthesizing plasma cells were incapacitated by the drug. As the phagocytosis of accessory macrophages was inhibited only at a 100--1,000-fold higher drug concentration, we conclude that CyA has a relatively specific direct effect on human T and B blast cells in vitro. PMID- 6968409 TI - Coronary heart disease, surgical treatment. PMID- 6968410 TI - [3H]Acetylcholine and [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine release from rat midbrain slices and the effects of calcium and phenobarbital. AB - The K-stimulated release of [3H]ACh from rat midbrain slices prelabeled by incubation with [3H]choline was dependent on extracellular Ca. Phenobarbital inhibited the K-stimulated [3H]ACh release and the IC50 was equal to that found for K-stimulated endogenous ACh release. These results support the suggestion that barbiturates primarily inhibit the Ca-dependent stimulated release of ACh and affect ACh synthesis only indirectly. K-Stimulated release of [3H]5-HT was also inhibited by removing Ca from the medium or by adding phenobarbital which further supports the effects of barbiturates on the depolarization-induced release process. Fluoxetine, an inhibitor of 5-HT uptake, increased the amount of [3H]5-HT found in the medium but did not fully block the uptake of [3H]5-HT in this slice preparation. PMID- 6968412 TI - Electrophysiological studies of the action of ketamine in frog skeletal muscle. PMID- 6968411 TI - Effects of met-enkephalin on slow synaptic inhibition in frog sympathetic ganglion. PMID- 6968414 TI - Improvement of hearing after microsurgical removal of acoustic neurinoma. AB - A case of a 3-cm acoustic neurinoma totally excised with preservation of the facial and cochlear nerves is reported. Hearing was not impaired by the operation, but dramatically improved within 2 months. The literature on operations of acoustic tumors with preservation of hearing is reviewed. In patients with some hearing ability, the operation should be conservative, whatever the size of the neurinoma, because there is a fair chance of success. PMID- 6968413 TI - Evidence for a peripheral effect of sertonin or metabolites in 5 hydroxytryptophan-induced hypothermia. PMID- 6968415 TI - Computed tomography and pneumoencephalography compared to conductance to outflow of CSF in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AB - The conductance to outflow of CSF (Cout) was measured in 66 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). All patients were investigated with computed tomography (CT); 34 of the patients also had pneumoencephalography (PEG). Periventricular hypodensity on CT indicates a low Cout. Cortical sulci smaller than 1.9 mm on CT indicate a low Cout, while wide cortical sulci do not exclude a low Cout. There was a good correlation between ventricular size on CT and PEG, but the ventricular size is unrelated to Cout. No findings on PEG indicate a low Cout. PMID- 6968416 TI - Radiological Diagnosis of Periventricular and Subcortical Leukomalacia. AB - Nine newborn infants with histories of perinatal asphyxia are presented. The pneumoencephalographic findings which led to the diagnosis are typical and constant. They include marked subcortical atrophy with rounded, dilated, and undisplaced lateral ventricles. Cystography with 3 cc of air demonstrated multiple subcortical and pareventricular cavities, without communication with the ventricular system, but with the typical honeycomb appearance of paraventricular and subcortical leukomalacia described in postmortem findings. The CT findings are typical, and provide the location of the cavities as well as their density. PMID- 6968418 TI - The anuran Mauthner cell and its synaptic bed. PMID- 6968417 TI - Radiographic studies of the ventricles in syringomyelia. AB - Radiographic investigations of 171 patients with "communicating' syringomyelia have been reviewed. Hydrocephalus was found in one-third of the cases and has occasionally progressed after operation on the posterior fossa, sometimes with accompanying clinical deterioration. The outlets of the fourth ventricle were usually abnormal; tonsillar descent, arachnoiditis and both together were seen. Arachnoiditis correlated strongly with a history of difficult birth. The foramen of Magendie was sometimes patent and sometimes blocked. There was no consistent level of occlusion corresponding to a persistent roof of the fourth ventricle. The cisterna magna was usually small or obliterated but some examples of large cisterns or subarachnoid pouches were found. Radiological demonstration of a communication from the fourth ventricle to the syrinx occurred in only seven patients by positive contrast material and not by air. It is suggested that a sizable communication is rare at the time when patients seek treatment. PMID- 6968420 TI - Occupational Health Records. PMID- 6968419 TI - Central achromatopsia: behavioral, anatomic, and physiologic aspects. AB - The neuropsychologic, neuroanatomic, and neurophysiologic correlates of achromatopsia were studied in two patients. Prosopagnosia accompanied the color perception defect in the bilateral case but not in the unilateral one. No other neuropsychologic disturbance was present in either case. The lesions compromised the ventromedial sector of the occipital lobe in both cases. Cerebral evoked responses produced by pattern shift stimulation were normal for black and white but abnormal for red and green, when stimulation was given in the achromatopsic field. PMID- 6968422 TI - [Blood flow changes in regenerating bone tissue during electrostimulation for reparative osteogenesis]. PMID- 6968421 TI - Wide-field high-intensity lantern. An affordable night mobility aid. AB - Individuals with disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa or severe glaucoma often have difficulty ambulating at night, not only because they have lost rod vision, but because flashlights do not help. The problem is that ordinary flashlights produce a very narrow beam of light (only about 3 degrees) which is hard to follow with tunnel vision. To eliminate this problem, we have designed a relatively inexpensive lantern which produces a bright wide beam of light. It can greatly enhance the night mobility of patients with severe field constriction or night blindness. PMID- 6968423 TI - [Complex preparation of patients with femoral stumps and concomitant ischemic heart disease for prosthesis]. PMID- 6968424 TI - Pain in avulsion lesions of the brachial plexus. AB - Traction lesions of the brachial plexus are becoming more frequent. Many of the lesions involve avulsion of nerve roots from the spinal cord. This very often results in severe pain which is associated with deafferentation. Although reference to this pain and the difficulty in its management has been made in several reports in the literature, there has been no long-term study of the natural history of this pain and the effects of various attempts to mitigate it. This series reports on a long-term follow-up of 275 patients of which is 108 had evidence of avulsion lestions. Of these 108, 98 suffered significant pain. There is a remarkably constant description of the pain and the various activities that may affect it. Drugs are of very limited use and the most valuable method of treatment found in this series was transcutaneous electrical stimulation- although, only one-third responded dramatically to this treatment. The single most effective manoeuvre that reduces pain is absorption by the patient in work. There remains a significant number of young men with severe pain who may expect to suffer such pain indefinitely. There is urgent need for new methods to be developed to control this pain. PMID- 6968425 TI - Predictors for the outcome of treatment with high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with chronic pain. AB - Seventy-two patients suffering from chronic pain were treated with high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (hi-TNS). Significant predictors for a positive result were pains of neurogenic origin and pains located mainly in the extremities. CSF endorphin levels were determined for 22 patients with organic pain and the group with positive results from the treatment had somewhat (but not significantly) lower levels of fraction I endorphins. Age, sex or reported severity of pain had no predictive value. PMID- 6968428 TI - [Kartagener triad in children]. PMID- 6968427 TI - The radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluation of enteric duplication cysts. AB - The pattern of diagnostic evaluation of seven children with duplication cysts of the gastrointestinal tract (two with bronchopulmonary foregut malformations and five with mid or hindgut duplications) is presented. Each child had plain radiographs followed by ultrasonic scans and appropriate confirmatory radiographic studies with contrast. Scans showed a well defined cystic mass in each case. Radiographs were able to identify more precisely the site of origin of the duplication cyst. PMID- 6968426 TI - [Case of primary T-lymphocyte lymphosarcoma of the skin]. PMID- 6968429 TI - Immunosuppressive activity of cord blood leukocytes. AB - The in vitro effects of cord blood cells from term and preterm infants on cell mediated immune responses by adult lymphocytes were studied. The experiments showed that cord blood cells were potent suppressors of antigen- and mitogen induced proliferation of adult T cells. In contrast to the previously reported observations with adult suppressor cells, the cord blood cells did not require mitogenic activation to exert their suppressive activity. It was also found that a similar, if not identical, suppressive activity was released into the fluid phase when cord blood cells were placed in tissue culture for three to five days. Studies with subpopulations of cord blood cells showed that the suppressive factor was released from rosette-forming T lymphocytes, but not from cell populations that were depleted of T cells. In addition, the production of and the action of the soluble suppressive factor was inhibited by indomethacin. PMID- 6968431 TI - [Thymic irradiation in treatment of T-cell acute leukemia in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968430 TI - Firing characteristics of neurons mediating optokinetic responses to rat's vestibular neurons. AB - 1) The responses of single units in the pretectum (Pt) and in the n. reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) to constant velocity horizontal rotation (0.25--60 deg/s) of a large-field visual pattern were studied in immobilized, non-anesthetized DA HAN rats. In addition, responses of Pt and NRTP neurons to pure vestibular stimuli (rotation in the dark) were studied. 2) Pt neurons showed seven response types to optokinetic stimulation (Table 1). The most frequent response (48%) consisted of a very rapid increase in firing to steady state on temporonasal motion stimulation of the contralateral eye; nasotemporal stimuli yielded no change in resting rate as did stimulation of the ipsilateral eye. The response maximum occurred at a retinal slip velocity of 1 deg/s. None of the Pt units tested responded to pure vestibular stimuli. 3) NRTP neurons - as Pt units - most frequently (43%) increased their discharge rate on temporonasal stimulation of the contralateral eye and maintained a constant resting rate during nasotemporal motion. Peak response amplitudes also occurred with retinal slip velocites of 1 deg/s. Contrary to the fast time-to-peak of the responses of Pt neurons NRTP units showed a slow rise in frequency of firing to peak response levels. 4) NRTP neurons responded to pure vestibular stimuli (horizontal angular acceleration in the dark). The vestibular responses were synergistic with those evoked in the same neurons by optokinetic stimuli. Thus, the most frequently encountered type of optokinetic response (s. above) showed a type II vestibular response. 5) Comp]arison of OKN and Vn optokinetic responses with those of Pt and NRTP suggests that the unidirectional-selective Pt and NRTP neurons are important links in the central optokinetic path. In addition, the NRTP may represent the site at which the retinal slip signal and the eye velocity signal converge. This convergence has been postulated in models of the system [12]. PMID- 6968432 TI - [Antenatal detection of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Deficiency of 21 hydroxylase]. PMID- 6968433 TI - [Unusual phenotype of alpha 1-antitrypsin Pi MV in 2 children]. PMID- 6968434 TI - [Value of quantitative bacteriological examination of sputum in the evaluation of the effectiveness of chemotherapy of bacterial respiratory tract infections. II. Clinical studies]. PMID- 6968436 TI - [Identification of protein fractions of bronchial secretion obtained by means of disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel]. PMID- 6968435 TI - [Rosette test in asthma after desensitization]. PMID- 6968437 TI - Lower bowel disorders. 2. Diverticular disease. AB - Diverticula are thought to result from high intraluminal pressures in closed segments of the sigmoid colon, causing herniation of mucosa and submucosa through muscle along the paths of the nutrient vessels. Mild diverticular disease usually can be managed with bed rest and a controlled diet, plus administration of antibiotics. Acute diverticulitis, especially recurrent bouts, may call for colonic resection. PMID- 6968438 TI - [Quantitative changes in the T-lymphocyte population of volunteers immunized with A and B group-specific substances]. PMID- 6968439 TI - [Effect of electropuncture on the course of an experimental tuberculous infection]. PMID- 6968440 TI - Effects of large doses of dialysable leukocyte extract. PMID- 6968441 TI - Validity of problem-oriented record system for evaluating treatment outcome. PMID- 6968442 TI - Measurement of coronary blood flow and evaluation of regional myocardial perfusion by intracoronary injection techniques. PMID- 6968443 TI - [Purulent meningitis and acute pneumopathy caused by Haemophilus influenzae. A preliminary report]. PMID- 6968444 TI - [Iridocyclitis and rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6968445 TI - [T-lymphocyte reactivity in ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6968446 TI - [Lupus nephropathy with mesangial expansion. Possible association with the anti Sm antibody (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968447 TI - [Cyclic nucleotides and enzymes of the synovial fluid in various rheumatic diseases]. AB - The authors measured the activities of four enzymes (L.D.H., acid phosphatase, B glucuronidase, and lysozyme) and the contents of AMPc and GMPc in the synovial fluid in 35 patients with rheumatic disease. In those with various forms of inflammatory rheumatism, they found negative correlation between AMPc and the enzymes, whereas in rheumatoid arthritis they observed a positive correlation between GMPc and these enzymes. PMID- 6968448 TI - [Scintigraphic study of the sacroiliac joint with strontium-87m]. PMID- 6968450 TI - The vestibular apparatus. PMID- 6968449 TI - [Functional diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. AB - Established and modern methods for assessment of exocrine pancreatic function are reviewed and discussed with regard to diagnostic workup in chronic pancreatitis. Determination of chymotrypsin in stool or oral admit BT-PABA suffice as screening methods, while more sensitive methods such as Lundh test, secretin, or secretin/pancreozymin are suitable for confirmation of diagnosis. PMID- 6968451 TI - Recent developments in instrumentation for emission computed tomography. AB - Equipment for emission tomography is currently undergoing a rapidly changing stage of development, both for single-gamma detection and for tomography using positron emitters. For single-gamma longitudinal tomography, the 7-pinhole collimator has won wide acceptance because of it simplicity and rapid reconstruction times. However, rotating slant-hole collimators overcome some of the disadvantages of the 7-pinhole method and may eventually be used more widely. For transverse single-gamma imaging, rotating gamma cameras are currently attracting the most interest and offer the best prospects for wise-spread application, since such instruments can be used also for routine studies. In the field of positron tomography, development of new positron cameras has moved from the research center to the commerical area, with at least four manufacturers now marketing tomographic units, all of the multiple-ring design. Small cyclotrons suitable for in-hospital use also are being offered by these companies. Most of the new positron tomographic units employ BGO crystals, which offer substantial advantages over Nal for this purpose. However, the recent introduction of cesium fluoride (CsF) as a detector for tomographic cameras offers the exciting possibility of using time-of-flight techniques for positron detection. This should substantially improve the attainable resolution, which presently is slightly less than 1 cm FWHM. The number of institutions involved in research using positron tomography has suddenly increased, in part because of the recent award of substantial research grants from NIH. Thus, a field which has grown very slowly over the past decade has taken a sudden spurt, and we can anticipate further growth during the coming decade as clinical utility improves. PMID- 6968452 TI - Multiple photon coincidence tomography. AB - Coincidence scanning devices that measure the distribution of radioisotopes emitting multiple photons in nuclear cascade decays offer a possible supplementary approach to tomography in nuclear medicine. Design factors that serve to determine resolution, sensitivity, and statistical noise for the multiphoton coincidence linear scanner (MCLS), the total organ kinetic imaging monitor (TOKIM), and related systems have been well studied. Focused collimator coincidence scanner (FCCS) systems are capable of extremely high resolution- spherical cold lesions of less than 0.2 cu cm volume being easily detectable. Although FCCS scan speeds are too slow for imaging of large organs, scan times for small organs or for the rescanning of suspicious or ambigous regions appearing on conventional scans are well within practical clinical limits. In view of recent developments in the on-site cyclotron production of short-lived radioisotopes and the current interest in high resolution localization of neurologic receptors in vivo, FCCS systems may prove also to be of value in basic neurophysiologic studies. PMID- 6968454 TI - Transverse section imaging of soft tissue tumors and peripheral vascular disease. AB - The development of soft tissue tumors and peripheral vascular disease is accompanied by changes in physiologic parameters such as blood flow and metabolism. Positron tomography can provide regional values of parameters such as blood flow, blood volume, oxygen utilization, and glucose metabolism in normal and diseased tissue. Such information may be of value in determining appropriate therapy and in assessing the effects of therapy. Equilibrium imaging during continuous inhalation of C15O2 provides a means of measuring blood flow on a regional basis. Equilibrium C15O2 imaging has been applied on a preliminary basis in patients with soft tissue tumors. In general, tumor tissue exhibits markedly higher rate of blood flow than normal tissue. In some patients, necrotic areas exhibit a greatly diminished blood flow. In the case of peripheral vascular disease, equilibrium C15O2 imaging shows decreased blood flow in affected regions. A significant increase in blood flow is seen following transluminal dilation. PMID- 6968453 TI - Positron emission tomography for the evaluation of pancreatic disease. AB - Efficient techniques for native-labeling of amino acids have been combined successfully with emission tomography to yield significant improvements in pancreatic imaging. Carbon-11-labeled tryptophan appears to be the best agent available currently for imaging the pancreas. Optimum scanning times begin 30 min after tracer administration. Positron emission tomography with 11C-tryptophan is capable of defining both morphological and functional alterations in the pancreas. Tumors as small as 2 cm in diameter can be detected, but reliable differentiation of pancreatic cancer from pancreatis may not be possible even with this improved imaging technique. Longitudinal multiplane emission tomography in single-photon mode with the Pho/Con provides an efficient and satisfactory approach to pancreatic imaging with the positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 6968456 TI - [Intragastric bleeding in an A hemophiliac patient]. PMID- 6968455 TI - [Assessment of the state of tissue perfusion by rheovasography in hemorrhages from the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6968457 TI - Labor-force participation patterns of older self-employed workers. AB - Self-employed persons work in a less constrained environment than do most wage and-salary employees. Generally they are not subject to compulsory retirement nor are they affected by institutional rules concerning labor supply. Data from the 1969 and 1971 interviews of the Retirement History Study show that the labor supply and retirement patterns of the self-employed are distinct from those of other workers. The self-employed (espeically "career" self-employed) nearing retirement age are less likely to be out of the labor force, and those who continue in the labor force have a wider variation in the number of hours worked per year. Downward flexibility in hours (the option for gradual retirement) may be an extremely valuable aspect of self-employed status, and one wonders whether other older workers would also choose this pattern if more flexible opportunities were available. Despite these differences, labor-supply decisions of the self employed are found to be influenced by many of the same factors that affect the rest of the workforce--health, eligibility for social security and pension benefits, the wage rate, and the flow of asset. PMID- 6968458 TI - Early and long-term improvement in left ventricular performance following coronary bypass surgery. AB - Changes in left ventricular performance after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have been variable. Earlier studies based on contrast left ventriculography have shown occasional improvement in left ventricular function in patients with unstable angina or abnormal preoperative ventricular performance, but for the most part repeat cardiac catheterization several months after operation has shown no significant changes in global left ventricular contraction. In the past few years, advances in radiopharmaceutical technology have made the characterization of left ventricular wall motion accurate and highly reproducible. Since prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and survival after CABG have been related to global ejection fraction (EF), we employed prospectively on analysis of short-term and long-term changes in EF after CABG utilizing multidose hypothermic potassium crystalloid cardioplegia as the method of myocardial protection. Concomitantly, newer techniques in anesthesia and perioperative patient management were employed to minimize myocardial damage in these patients. Postoperative scintigraphic evaluation showed a transient (2-hour) depression in left ventricular function, followed by recovery to preoperative levels at 24 hours and significant improvement in EF at 7 days. From 7 days to 8 months postoperatively, there was no further change in resting EF, but there was another significant exercise-induced increase in EF at the long-term examination. Thus, present advances in the multidisciplinary management of patients with coronary artery disease are associated with improvement in resting and exercise-related EF postoperatively. PMID- 6968461 TI - [Antibody synthesis biology. A theme with variations--from amino acid sequence and regulatory cell circuits to malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 6968459 TI - [Salicylate blood levels after gastrointestinal haemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968462 TI - Increased platelet function and von Willebrand factor in vibration syndrome. PMID- 6968460 TI - Inhibitors of fibrinolysis in amniotic fluid. AB - Amniotic fluid inhibited the fibrinolytic, amidolytic and esterolytic activity of urokinase. Kinetic studies with AGLMe demonstrated non-competitive inhibition. A major part of the inhibitory activity could be separated from alpha 1-antitrypsin by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. Plasminogen activator prepared from porcine heart was not inhibited by amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid also inhibited the caseinolytic and amidolytic activities of plasmin. PMID- 6968463 TI - A toxicological and pharmacological study of ibuprofen guaiacol ester (AF 2259) in the rat. PMID- 6968464 TI - [Sinusoidal modulated currents in the overall treatment of parodontosis]. PMID- 6968465 TI - [Certain indices of the immunologic reactivity of patients with pancreonecrosis and rectal cancer during external drainage of the thoracic duct]. AB - Main parameters of the cellular and humoral immunity were determined within the 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10th days of the drainage of the thoracic lymphatic duct in 7 patients with pancreanecrosis and 10 patients with the rectum cancer. The general number of lymphocytes and concentration of the main immunoglobulin fractions in the peripheral blood and lymph within 5 days does not substantially change. At the expense of loss with the lymph there was a tendency to decrease T-immune cells and A-fractions of immunoglobulins in the peripheral blood. PMID- 6968467 TI - [Role of scanning in the diagnosis of lung developmental defects]. AB - Scanning of the lungs was fulfilled by the perfusion method in 24 patients with lung malformations (polycystic hypoplasia, pulmonary cysts, Zivert--Kartagener's triad, tracheobronchomegalia). It has been established that scanning of the lungs equally with other methods of examination makes it possible to estimate the degree and extension of the lung damage in the congenital lung pathology. The authors believe this fact to determine the methods of treatment of such patients. PMID- 6968468 TI - [Gastric neurinoma complicated by hemorrhage]. PMID- 6968466 TI - [Bleeding duodenal neurinoma]. PMID- 6968469 TI - [Mesenteric arteriography in the extrahepatic form of portal hypertension]. PMID- 6968470 TI - Contraceptive efficacy among married women aged 15-44 years. PMID- 6968471 TI - [Clinical and laboratory comparisons in chronic viral hepatitis in children]. PMID- 6968473 TI - [Quantitative T- and B-lymphocytes parameters in puerperal suppurative, inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 6968472 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity indices in chronic hepatitis in children]. PMID- 6968474 TI - [Histochemical study of the immune response of the regional lymph nodes in breast and stomach cancer]. AB - In breast and stomach cancer the cell reactions in regional lymph nodes were studied by histochemical assaying of the T-dependent zone (acid phosphatase activity) and B-dependent zone (the activity of alkaline phosphatase, 5 nucleotidase, ATPs) and also by determining sinus histiocytosis. The metastases involved lymph nodes were characterized by a regular marked fall in the acid phosphatase activity i. e. by the decreased T-zone, which is responsible for cell immune response. PMID- 6968475 TI - [Characteristics of the immunomorphological reactions in the tissues in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6968478 TI - ["Palindromic rheumatism" as the possible clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6968477 TI - [Morphohistochemical changes in the hepatobiliary system in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6968476 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte system in rheumatoid arthritis in children]. PMID- 6968479 TI - [Formation, persistence period and protective role of antihemagglutinins to earlier circulating influenza A viruses]. AB - Surveys of the population immunity as well as blood sera from human subjects vaccinated with vaccine strains done by the HI test showed the immunity to previously prevalent influenza A viruses to be maintained by anamnestic stimulation of immunogenesis occuring during circulation of the current agent. The intensity of anamnestic immunity stimulation is determined by the degree of relationship of the current strain hemagglutinin with the similar antigen of previously prevalent viruses. Circulating antibodies have a certain protective effect only against those influenza A viruses which are antigenically related within the drift alteration of hemagglutinin. PMID- 6968480 TI - [Secondary immunologic deficiency states in acute viral infections in children]. AB - Having determined in the time course of the disease the percentage and absolute numbers of T- (according to Bach) and B-(according to Mendes) lymphocytes the authors concluded that there was a secondary immunosuppression in the active stage of the process in three infections: acute viral hepatitis, acute respiratory viral infections and epidemic mumps. In patients with these diseases the percentage of T-lymphocytes decreased. The absolute number of T-cells decreased considerably in patients with moderately severe forms of viral hepatitis, with acute respiratory viral infections as well as with epidemic mumps in the presence of neurotoxicity or the involvement of the central nervous system. The amount of B-lymphocytes increased in patients with respiratory viral infections and epidemic mumps but did not differ from physiological norm in viral hepatitis. The immune response of the patients was restored with the decline of the activity of the pathological process. PMID- 6968482 TI - [T- and B-lymphocytes in bronchial cancer]. PMID- 6968483 TI - [Gastric neurofibroma complicated by hemorrhage]. PMID- 6968481 TI - [Immunological aspects of female sterility]. PMID- 6968484 TI - [The exacerbated pulmonary tuberculosis due to long-time treatment with corticosteroids (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of 14 cases (1964-1974) a report is given on the long-time treatment with corticosteroids in patients who had been infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis in former times. The indications of the long-time treatment, the general effects of steroids in patients with latent infections, the problem of exacerbation and the possibilities to prohibit the exacerbation are discussed. PMID- 6968486 TI - [Neurogenic urination disorders in childhood. II. Therapy]. AB - In this paper a short survey of therapy methods is given which are necessary for the treatment of neurogenic disturbances of micturition. It is in detail reported on several electrotherapy methods. The own experiences with the transurethral electrostimulation and with the development of an electronic pacemaker for the urinary bladder are reported. PMID- 6968485 TI - [Coumarin therapy during antirheumatism therapy with sulindac]. AB - Possible interactions between the new non-steroidal antirheumatic drug Sulindac and a coumarin derivative have been investigated. 20 subjects, who required anticoagulation therapy for a variety of medical conditions, were treated for 4 consecutive weeks with Sulindac at varying dosages (200-400 mg per day). Prothrombin time, Thrombotest and bleeding time were not significantly affected by the concurrent administration of Sulindac. It can be concluded that there is no clinically important interaction between phenprocoumon and the doses of sulindac that are considered effective in rheumatic disorders. There were some moderate side effects, only one drop out was registered because of gastro intestinal bleeding (melaena). PMID- 6968487 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica: the influence of incubation temperature on antibiotic susceptibility, beta-lactamase activity and growth characteristics (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of incubation temperature (37, 30 and 22 degrees C) on antibiotic susceptibility, beta-lactamase activity and growth characteristics was studied on 43 unselected strains of Y. enterocolitica (Serovar O:3 and O:9) freshly isolated from cliical specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility was measured by the disc diffusion technique and by a broth dilution test (MIC). Beta-lactamase activity was detected with chromogenic cephacetrile using standard curves prepared for 37, 30 and 22 degrees C. Continuous increase of beta-lactamase activity was found when incubation temperatures were lowered. All strains were found to be resistant by ampicillin and cephalothin at the three temperatues tested. Some strains showed an intermediate susceptibility to carbenicillin in the disc diffusion test. A temperature reduction of 37 to 30 degrees C significantly decreased the inhibitory zone diameters for the beta-lactam antibiotics ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin, but also for other substances like tetracycline, chloramphenicole and cotrimoxazole. This suggests, that the observed decrease is caused by a better growth of Y. enterocolitica at 30 degrees C rather than increased beta-lactamase production. From 30 to 22 degrees C a further decrease in inhibitory zone diameters was only seen with ampicillin and carbenicillin. This seems to be mainly due to the increased B-lactamase activity observed at 22 degrees C. In contrast the resistance to cephalothin was apparently not influenced by this additional beta-lactamase activity. Resistance to cephalothin therefore depends probably more on other, not beta-lactamase-related, factors such as permeability variations of the outer membrane or modifications of binding proteins involved in the peptidolycan biosynthesis. The correlation between beta lactamase activity at various incubation temperatures and resistance to beta lactam antibiotics was less pronounced when the broth dilution test (MIC) was applied. Only carbenicillin showed significantly increasing MIC values from 30 to 22 degrees C. All the Y.e. strains investigated could be divided into two groups with respect to their beta-lactamase production characteristics. The first group showed continuously increasing beta-lactamase values at lower incubation temperatures. In the second group generally lower amounts of beta-lactamase values were found and temperature dependence was not observed. On the other hand variations in cell wall permeability, resulting in a diminished accessability of the cell wall bound enzymes must also be considered. PMID- 6968488 TI - [Effect of focused ultrasound on the electroreceptor system of skates and certain fish and amphibian tissues]. AB - The effects of focused ultrasound have been investigated on the structures of electroreceptor system of the Black Sea skates (Raja clavata, Dasyatis pastinaca), as well as on the tissues of some other poikilotherms (fishes Belone belone and Solea lascaris, toad Bufo viridis, frog Rana temporaria). It was shown that focused ultrasound evokes excitation (onset of impulse activity) when applied to the pore of electroreceptors and inhibition of the activity when applied to the ampulla itself. The data obtained indicate that thermal conductivity of tissues in poikilotherms is lower than that in homoiotherms. PMID- 6968489 TI - [Sleep--wakefulness cycle of cold-blooded vertebrates according to the results of continuous contact-free recording of the heart rate and motor activity]. AB - Using continuous non-contact registration of the heart rate and motor activity, separate states were revealed in awakefulness--sleep cycle of various poikilotherms (the catfish Ictalurus nebulosus, frog Rana temporaria, tortoise Emys orbicularis). The method employed allowed also to classify motor automatic activity which was observed in earlier experiments at the background of sleep like forms of the resting state. Two basic types of these automaticities were distinguished. Comparison of the data obtained on poikilothermic animals with those obtained on homoiothermic ones (the ground squirrel Citellus parryi) indicates the validity of using the heart rate and motor activity for detection of the awakefulness-sleep cycle. PMID- 6968490 TI - [Evoked potential characteristics of the accessory olfactory lobe of Rana temporaria frogs]. PMID- 6968491 TI - [Mechanisms of centrifugal regulation of the retinal sensitivity of Rana temporaria frog eyes]. PMID- 6968492 TI - [Effects of dialkyl tin salts on the immune system]. AB - Single intravenous administration of 8 mg/kg of di-n-octyltin dichloride (DOTC) induced in mice a reversible decrease of thymus weight, thymocyte count and antibody titer against sheep red blood cells. After 14 days the values of treated animals were not lower than the values of control groups. The proportion of T and B lymphocytes in spleen and lymph nodes was found unchanged 4--5 days after administration of DOTC. concentrations of DOTC measured in thymus and spleen of treated mice were in the range of concentrations which are toxic for thymocytes and macrophages in vitro. The activity of di-n-alkyltin salts on the thymus of mice was independent of the length of the alkyl chains in the range of 4--8 C atoms. PMID- 6968493 TI - [A rare cause of subileus and rectosigmoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 6968494 TI - [A high ileus caused by a retroperitoneal periduodenal traumatic hematoma]. PMID- 6968495 TI - [Resuscitation in profuse hemorrhage of the digestive tract]. PMID- 6968497 TI - Serotonin metabolism in neonatal rat brain during asphyxia and recovery. AB - Neonatal rats were exposed to 20 or 30 min of total or partial oxygen deprivation. During asphyxia and subsequent recovery the endogenous levels of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) were measured. The activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, the first and rate limiting enzyme in the 5-HT synthesis pathway, was studied in vivo by measuring the accumulation of 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) after inhibition of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase with NSD 1015. During asphyxia there was a decrease in tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the whole brain and various regions studied. The levels of tryptophan, 5-HTP and 5-HT all increased after 30 min of recovery from asphyxia. In the whole brain, 5-HTP and 5-HT levels were normal 2 h after anoxia while tryptophan levels normalized more slowly to reach control values after 6 h. In the regional brain study, the 5-HTP levels returned quickly to control levels after asphyxia in the striatum and midbrain but not in the brainstem and hemispheres regions. The whole brain 5-HTP and 5-HT levels did not differ from controls 24 to 48 h after the asphyxia. Although the neonatal nervous system exhibits a great resistance to asphyxia, the metabolism of the neurotransmitter 5 HT is affected already during a short period of asphyxia and subsequent recovery. As 5-HT is ascribed important neurotransmitter functions, this might be relevant to the neurological sequelae of human asphyxia neonatorum. PMID- 6968498 TI - Stimulation of HCO3- transport by gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) in proximal duodenum of the bullfrog. PMID- 6968496 TI - Direct effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and megestrol acetate (MGA) on rat testicular steroidogenesis. AB - The effects of MPA and MGA on rat testicular steroidogenesis were examined by studying: 1) serum testosterone in hCG primed animals treated with MPA or MGA, 2) testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells cultured with MPA or MGA, 3) MPA and MGA binding to rat testis microsomal cytochrome P-450 and 4) MPA and MGA inhibition of enzymes of rat testicular steroidogenesis. In immature rats receiving 1.0 IU of hCG per day 20 mg/kg of MPA or MGA reduced serum testosterone by 57 and 56%, respectively. In mature male rats receiving 50.0 IU of hCG per day 20 mg/kg of MPA or MGA reduced serum testosterone by 40 and 29%, respectively. In rat interstitial cells cultured with 10 ng of rat LH, 1 microM MPA or MGA inhibited testosterone production by 32 and 23%, respectively. Addition of MPA or MGA to microsomal preparations resulted in a type I cytochrome P-450 difference spectrum. MPA and MGA inhibited rat testicular 17 alpha-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, and the 3 beta- and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. These findings suggest that MPA and MGA inhibit rat testicular steroidogenesis in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6968499 TI - Cisternal abnormalities produced by clinical tumours in the posterior cranial fossa. II. Fourth ventricle tumours. AB - A detailed analysis of the distortion of the subarachnoid cisterns produced by intraventricular tumours of the fourth ventricle was carried out on a clinical material of 30 patients examined with pneumography. The cisternal distortions in cases with a tumour originating from the roof of the ventricle have been compared with those in tumours originating from the floor, and the typical appearances for each group of tumours are recorded. The results should be applicable when analysing cisterns examined not only with pneumography but also with other radiologic methods, such as computer tomography and cisternography with positive contrast media. PMID- 6968500 TI - Complete adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency without immunodeficiency, and primary hyperoxaluria, in a 12-year-old boy. PMID- 6968501 TI - Metabolism of adenosine and deoxyadenosine by stored human red cells. PMID- 6968505 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 6968502 TI - Altered deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels paralleling deoxyadenosine toxicity in adenosine deaminase inhibited human lymphocytes. PMID- 6968503 TI - The role of folates in methanol toxicity. AB - In the monkey and human, methanol toxicity is characterized by a metabolic acidosis and an ocular toxicity which occur coincident with an accumulation of formate in blood. In contrast, methanol insensitive species such as the rat do not accumulate formate after methanol administration. Folate-dependent reactions are involved in the oxidation of formate to CO2 in both the rat and the monkey. Monkey liver contains a significantly lower hepatic folate level than does rat liver and, thus, formate accumulation in the monkey may be related to a functional folate deficiency in this species. Formate metabolism in the monkey can be stimulated with folate administration. After methanol administration, treatment of monkeys with repetitive doses of either 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid or folic acid results in a marked decrease in blood formate accumulation, an absence of metabolic acidosis and no blood bicarbonate depletion. Also, methanol toxicity, once established in the monkey, can be reversed with 5 formyltetrahydrofolic acid administration. The results indicate that 5 formyltetrahydrofolic acid decreases formate accumulation after methanol by stimulating the rate of formate oxidation or utilization and provide additional evidence for the involvement of folate-dependent reactions in the metabolism and toxicity of methanol in the monkey. PMID- 6968504 TI - Hereditary Fuchs' Dystrophy. AB - We studied 102 individuals from 25 families in which at least one member was known to have Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. We used slit-lamp examination, corneal pachymetry, and specular microscopy. We also examined pathology records which contained 79 cases of penetrating keratoplasties done solely for phakic Fuchs' dystrophy between 1940 and 1978. Although there was a marked predominance of females in our review of pathology records, our clinical study provided a more even sex distribution. There was a close correlation between the number of expected and observed affected first-degree relatives based on an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. We observed a fairly typical corneal pattern, beginning as a circumscribed area of central or paracentral cornea guttata, and thereafter expanding more horizontally than vertically with progression of severity. Fuchs' dystrophy appears to be a true corneal dystrophy with autosomal dominant inheritance, a high degree of penetrance, and variable expressivity, with generally increased severity among females. PMID- 6968507 TI - Effects of protein deficiency on plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in the rat. AB - The effect of protein deficiency on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations was determined in weanling rats. The concentrations of these metabolites did not differ in rats fed diet providing either 0.5 or 21% casein for 4 weeks postweaning. Also, no change was observed in plasma levels of these metabolites in rats fed the 21% casein diet in amounts restricted to those consumed by the 0.5% casein animals for the same period of time. The results indicate that the synthesis and transport of 25-hydroxyvitamin and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D are not significantly affected by either a protein deficiency or a total food striction during the early postweaning period. This finding may be relevant to the vitamin D status of children with kwashiorkor. PMID- 6968506 TI - The assessment of weight loss from a single measurement of body weight: the problems and limitations. AB - Estimation of weight loss plays a key role in the nutritional assessment of patients. The loss is usually calculated by subtracting the patient's observed weight (O) either from his recalled weight (R) or from his predicted weight (P) taken from standard tables or equations. We have compared these two assessments of weight loss (R-O, P-O) in a cross-sectional study of patients in the surgical wards of a teaching hospital. There are large differences (up to 15 kg) between average predicted weights taken from the various published tables. We have obtained predicted weights using equations derived from a healthy local population. We have devised a general technique with which the measured, R and P weights in a group can be used to give random errors of R, P, and true weight loss. In our patients there were 3.6, 10.7, and 6.0 kg respectively. As the random error of R was smaller than that of P in our patients, R-O gave better estimates of the mean and SD of the weight losses of the group of patients than did P-O, and R-O was a more precise estimate of the true weight loss of an individual. Nevertheless, R-O is only an estimate of the true weight loss and had a large random error (up to 7.2 kg). This error which can be calculated for any group of patients, must be borne in mind when using R-O to estimate the weight loss in an individual, and when selecting patients with a given weight loss. In 100 patients such as ours, 24 would have R-O greater than 10 kg, but only 18 of these would have lost 10 kg, and nine other patients who had lost 10 kg would be missed. PMID- 6968508 TI - Disparate cultures of middle ear fluids. Results from children with bilateral otitis media. AB - Cultures of middle ear fluids (MEFs) are needed to determine both efficacy of antibiotics and vaccines, and microbiologic outcome of otitis media (OM). We reviewed data on 221 children, aged 2 months to 12 years; 122 had acute otitis media (AOM), 99 had asymptomatic MEF. We included only Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus as pathogens. Of children with AOM, MEF was sterile or contained nonpathogens in both ears in 51, and one or more pathogens in 71. Of these 71, 40 had the same pathogen or pathogens in both ears; 25 patients had a pathogen in one ear and sterile fluid or only nonpathogens in the other; four patients had a different pathogen in each ear; and two patients had two pathogens in one ear and only one in the other. Of those with asymptomatic MEFs, in 80 the effusion was sterile or contained only nonpathogens in both ears, and in 19 contained one or more pathogens. Of these 19, ten had the same pathogen isolated from both ears; nine had a pathogen in one ear and sterile fluid or only nonpathogens in the other. Thus, in 31 children with AOM and nine with asymptomatic MEFs, results of cultures of MEF were different. PMID- 6968509 TI - Azotemia in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A review. AB - The cause of the azotemia associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage has been controversial but review of the literature reveals consistent findings. If extraneous, complicating factors are excluded, the azotemia produced with blood ingestion does not reproduce that seen with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Azotemia with blood ingestion alone demonstrates a mild peak and usually lasts less than 24 hours, whereas that seen clinically is both higher and longer and a manifestation of blood ingestion plus the renal effects of hypovolemia. The hypovolemia contributes quantitatively more than the digestion of blood and is the sole determinant of azotemia after 24 hours. Consequently, azotemia which persists beyond this time indicates either continuation of bleeding, continuation of hypovolemia insult or intrinsic renal disease. Persistent azotemia following gastrointestinal hemorrhage is an indication for re-evaluation of fluid management. PMID- 6968510 TI - Factors associated with the distribution of fasting plasma glucose in an adult community. AB - The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured in 4170 nondiabetic adult residents of a suburban California community. At all ages the median FPG in men was higher (103-107 mg/dl) than the median FPG in women (96-104 mg/dl). FPG levels correlated weakly with obesity, and male-female differences persisted after adjustment for body mass index. In women, FPG levels rose at the age of menopause and tended to be lower in sex hormone-using women, suggesting that the male female differences were related to estrogen. The FPG rose little with age (0.7 mg/dl/decade in men; 2.0 mg/dl/decade in women) in contrast to the 6-15 mg/dl/decade increment reported for glucose tolerance tests. These data suggest that the normal range of FPG is relatively independent of age and body mass, and that the male-female differences are not sufficiently great to necessitate sex specific standards. PMID- 6968511 TI - The CREST syndrome: a distinct serologic entity with anticentromere antibodies. AB - The CREST syndrome is a variant of systemic sclerosis characterized by the presence of calcinosis. Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal motility abnormalities, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia. The serums of 27 patients with the CREST syndrome have been examined for the presence of antinuclear antibodies. Twenty six of 27 (98 percent) serums contained high titers (> one:80) of an antibody that produces a discrete speckled pattern of immunofluorescence on a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp-2). The antibody has been shown to react with the centromeric region of metaphase chromosomes. This antibody was also found in three of 14 patients with Raynaud's disease, in one of 60 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, in three of 26 patients with systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma and in one of 15 patients with mixed connective tissue disease. The antibody was not detected in the serums of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sjogren's sicca complex or linear scleroderma. Patients with osteoarthritis who were age- and sex-matched to the group with the CREST syndrome did not have anticentromere antibodies. Autoantibodies found in other connective tissue diseases (anti-DNA, anti-RNP, Sjogren's syndrome antigen B (anti-SS-B) were not found in serums from patients with the CREST syndrome. A case report illustrating the appearance of the anticentromere antibody at a time when Raynaud's phenomenon antedated the clinical diagnosis of CREST syndrome is presented. PMID- 6968512 TI - Cryptosporidiosis. Report of a fatal case complicated by disseminated toxoplasmosis. AB - A middle-aged woman suffered from chronic diarrhea and malnutrition as a result of a small intestinal infection with a coccidial protozoan--Cryptosporidium. This parasite has been found among a wide range of reptilian, avian and mammalian hosts, but rarely in human beings. This woman ultimately died as a result of disseminated toxoplasmosis of the type usually encountered in an adult whose immune responses were compromised. There was clinical evidence of both humoral and cellular immunologic incompetence, such as depressed levels of complement and immunoglobulins, and decreased T cell reactivity, respectively. The former could be accounted for on the basis of malnutrition causing deficient protein synthesis, and the latter may have been a manifestation of altered function of transformed T cells. PMID- 6968513 TI - Clinical characteristics of vitamin A responsive and nonresponsive Bitot's spots. AB - We examined and followed up 59 patients with conjunctival xerosis with a without classic Bitot's spots. Of these, 50 were responsive and nine were unresponsive to vitamin A. Despite a recent World Health Organization classification suggesting otherwise, all cases appeared to represent the same process. In preschool children, the presence of the Bitot's spots on both sides of the corneoscleral limbus or in association with night blindness or punctate keratopathy suggests active vitamin A deficiency. Pigmentation and wrinkling were not useful diagnostic criteria and lesions isolated to the nasal corneoscleral limbus suggested a different diagnosis. At least some cases of nonresponsive conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spots were probably sequelae of past vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 6968514 TI - Cefoxitin levels in human aqueous humor. AB - We administered 2 g of cefoxitin to 25 patients before cataract surgery. An additional 23 patients received 500 mg of probenecid 30 minutes before the 2-g doses of cefoxitin. Average aqueous humor levels of 1.54, 3.16, 2.46, 1.22, and 0.82 microgram/ml were achieved at 30 minutes and one, two, four, and six hours, respectively, after the 2-g dose. The addition of probenecid prolonged significant aqueous humor levels. Therapeutic levels against common gram-positive pathogens were consistently achieved at two hours after injection without probenecid and from two to four hours after injection with probenecid. Therapeutic levels effective against Enterobacteriaceae were inconsistent. PMID- 6968515 TI - A new 20-gauge intravitreal cryoprobe. AB - A new intraocular 20-gauge (0.89-mm) cryoprobe is compatible with the Ocutome Fragmatome system. The iceball forms only at the tip and there is a rapid freeze and defrost cycle. Actual clinical testing during vitreous surgery showed the probe to be reliable and easy to use. It is useful for the treatment of posterior tears, the removal of dislocated lenses, and softening the lens nucleus before phacofragmentation. PMID- 6968516 TI - Portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 6968517 TI - Hepatic tissue perfusion studies during distal splenorenal shunt. AB - Hepatic tissue perfusion was measured by the krypton-85 clearance technique during surgery in four patients with bleeding esophageal varices before and immediately after Warren distal splenorenal shunt. No significant reduction in perfusion was found in any patient, thus confirming the concept that this type of portasystemic shunt maintains portal flow to the liver. PMID- 6968518 TI - Posterior polymorphous dystrophy of the cornea (Schlichting). An unusual clinical variant. AB - Three members of a family with dominant inherited endothelial dystrophy of the cornea are described. The father showed only subclinical disease with subtle endothelial blisters like those found in Schlichting's dystrophy. His daughter and grandson, however, both suffered from a peculiar, prominent, ring-shaped clouding of the cornea which progressed to severe edema, necessitating keratoplasty. Light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy revealed an epithelial transformation of the endothelium. While the anterior banded part of Descemet's membrane was well-formed in the central cornea, it was missing in the periphery. This corresponded with the ring-shaped opacity and indicated a very early transformation of the endothelium in this area. We believe that this pedigree represents an unusual clinical variant of posterior polymorphous dystrophy of the cornea. PMID- 6968519 TI - The ultrastructural histochemistry and stereoscanning electron microscopy of the rodent and amphibian surfactant systems. AB - Ultrastructural histochemical precedures were employed to determine the carbohydrate components and their contributions to the rodent and amphibian surfactant systems. Zirconium stained the rodent (rat) cytoplasm surrounding the multilamellar bodies, the Golgi, and was associated with the membrane structures of the compact lamellae of alveolar multilamellar bodies. In the rodent and amphibian (Rana pipiens), ruthenium red stain was observed within all tubular myelin surfactant matricies. The "gutters," tubular myelin surfactant matrix, and intratubular myelin surfactant matrix materials all demonstrated a positive reaction product. The periodic acid-chromic acid-silver procedure revealed irregular channels extending from the multilamellar bodies to the surface of the rodent great alveolar pneumocyte. The extra-pulmonary and respiratory surfaces in both species were additionally studied by stereoscanning electron microscopy. The respiratory anatomy of the rodent was corroborated. The amphibian lung demonstrated three orders of septa, and in the expired state, tertiary septal pits. The amphibian primary septa were hollow, blind tubules containing respiratory surfaces. PMID- 6968520 TI - Plasma catecholamine and cortisol responses to fentanyl--oxygen anesthesia for coronary-artery operations. PMID- 6968521 TI - Thrombocytopenia associated with Swan-Ganz catheterization in patients. PMID- 6968522 TI - Monitoring pulmonary arterial pressure in coronary-artery disease. AB - To delineate the indications for pulmonary arterial pressure monitoring, the relationship between central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was examined in 30 patients with coronary-artery disease and ventricular dysfunction (ejection fractions ranging from 0.26 to 0.84) prior to, during, and after coronary-artery surgery. For each patient, 30 simultaneous measurements of CVP and PCWP were made during a 36-hour period that included the awake state, the anesthetized state with and without surgery, before and after pericardiotomy, before and after cardiopulmonary bypass, and one, four, eight, and 24 hours after operation. At each point, changes in filling pressures were acutely induced by changing body position to alter venous return. The CVPs ranged from 0 to 19 torr, and the PCWPs from 0 to 31 torr. The CVP and the PCWP correlated well (r = 0.89) during all measurement periods for patients who had ejection fractions greater than 0.50 without angiographically demonstrable ventricular dyssynergy preoperatively. Changes in CVP (delta CVP) and PCWP (delta PCWP) over the 35-hour period also correlated well (r = 0.94). Normality (abnormality) of the CVP was predictive of normality (abnormality) of the PCWP for more than 96 per cent of the 450 data points. On the other hand, for patients with ejection fractions less than 0.40 or with hyssynergy, the CVP did not correlate with the PCWP (r = 0.24), and delta CVP did not correlate with delta PCWP (r = 0.04). Normality (abnormality) of the CVP was predictive of normality (abnormality) of the PCWP for less than 62 per cent of the 450 data points. This study has defined subclasses of patients with coronary-artery disease for whom pulmonary arterial pressure monitoring is indicated prior to, during, and following coronary-artery surgery. PMID- 6968523 TI - Cardiorespiratory dynamics during weaning with IMV versus spontaneous ventilation in good-risk cardiac-surgery patients. PMID- 6968524 TI - Pediatric non-facial cellulitis. PMID- 6968525 TI - Emergency care of the hemophiliac patient. AB - Hemophilia is a congenital disorder characterized by prolonged bleeding, many times in association with little or no trauma, in which proper treatment may save lives or prevent permanent sequelae. We report an illustrative case and review the management of common problems with which a hemophiliac might present to the emergency department. PMID- 6968527 TI - Immunology of chronic hepatitis. AB - Of the two major types of chronic active hepatitis, that associated with autoimmunity, CAH-Type A, has been the more extensively studied and is better recognised. On the other hand, the type associated with the HBV carrier state, CAH-Type B, is the more prevalent, particularly so in South East Asia, and the time is ripe for the immunology of this type to be clarified. Whilst most encounters between host and HBV will result in an acute hepatitis with lasting immunity, a non-sterilizing outcome with a persisting carrier state may ensue. The reasons for persistent infection with HBV are still not elucidated, but may include: (i) incorporation of viral DNA into the host genome, (ii) a carrier state in which there is full T cell tolerance to the virus and its surface antigen, or (iii) an unstable tolerance marked by a persisting damaging immune response to viral antigens expressed on the liver cell membrane, with associated CAH. Whether an autoimmune-type CAH can be included as one possible outcome of HBV infection is uncertain; whilst the association of an HB viral antigen with a liver cell membrane component is one theoretical way by which an autoimmune response could be generated, most cases of autoimmune hepatitis, at least in Caucasian areas, show no evidence of current or past infection with HBV or indeed with any other virus. Thus, pending further knowledge, CAH-Type A must be regarded as a primary autoimmune disease of the liver, and CAH-type B as resulting from an ineffective host response to a chronic virus infection of the liver. PMID- 6968526 TI - [Acute epiglottitis in adults. Three cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Acute epiglottitis is much less frequent in adults than in children. Three personal cases are reported and clinical findings associated with epiglottitis in adults are reviewed; sudden onset of acute respiratory failure is outlined. Mechanical desobstruction of airway may be required promptly, tracheostomy being often preferred to tracheal intubation. Overall prognosis has been evaluated from 130 cases reported in the literature in the last twenty years: the mortality rate, reaching 24,6 per cent in 73 cases published between 1958 and 1973, has been reduced to 5 per cent in 60 most recent cases. This improvement reflects a better understanding of the disease and as more properly defined therapy. PMID- 6968528 TI - Immunological studies in primary liver cancer in Karachi. AB - Patients with liver cancer in Karachi were found to have depressed cell mediated immune response, increased levels of serum IgG and IgA, total haemolytic complement as well as C3 and C4. Over 60% of the patient had elevated levels of AFP and 21% had detectable serum HBsAg. PMID- 6968529 TI - Chromosomal evolution of 19 species of sub-species of Cercopithecinae. AB - Chromosome analysis by handling techniques of 19 species and sub-species of Cercopithecinae shows an important accumulation of chromosome rearrangements (51). With a clear predominance of fissions (26) and of inversions (17). It is impossible to reconstruct a simple genealogy of these species because chromosomal evolution did not follow the principle of a strict dichotomy. The progressive increase of the number of chromosomes, by fission, corresponds to the inverse of the Robertsonian evolution and suggests the existence of numerous interstitial centromeres and telomeres. PMID- 6968530 TI - [Quantitative analysis of adult morphology in eudiploids and three types of trisomics of Pleurodeles waltlii (Amphibia, Urodela) (author's transl)]. AB - The results of a comparative quantitive study of morphology in eudiploids and three types of trisomics of adult Pleurodeles waltlii are discussed. General morphologies are specified by mean measurement values. Statistical bivariate analysis demonstrate differential growths and give some new details on sexual dimorphism. Trisomies 8 and 11 have opposite effects on growth allometries, while no significant effect of trisomy 10 has been detected. As a rule, characters of trisomics are more variable than those of diploids. PMID- 6968532 TI - [Parenthood diagnosis within a family. I. Algorithm and decision-making (author's transl)]. AB - The knowledge of human polymorphism provides an invaluable tool in the analysis of parenthood. This paper deals with the fatherhood diagnosis within a family (presumed father, mother, children) and describes a computer program, called Fratrie, which identifies parenthood rejections and computes different decisional indices. The analysis of these indices points out a neglected index, the percentage of men rejected with respect to the (mother, children) set. We propose a new decisional strategy using this index. PMID- 6968531 TI - [Assignment of the creatine kinase BB gene to chromosome 14 by man-rodent cell hybridization (author's transl)]. AB - The value of man-rodent hybrids for detecting creatine kinase BB (CKBB) was greatly increased by the use of an agar technique, in extended incubation (20 hours) with a concentrated solution of creatine as substrate (8 mg/ml instead of 1 mg/ml as usual). The selection of a man-rodent hybrid without discordant between chr. 14 and nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) (a marker of this chromosome) contributed efficiently to the detection of the positive correlation between CKBB and chr. 14/NP. Among 22 independent hybrids, the following were observed : 8 NP + CKBB+, 3 NP + CKBB(+), 11 NP-CKBB- and 6 chr. 14 + CKBB+, 2 chr. 14 + CKBB(+), 11 chr. 14 CKBB-, 2 chr. 14/CKBB+ and 1 chr. 14/CKBB(+). The presence of the chromosome was noted + or - according to its presence in more or less than 30% of the cells. These results show that the gene for CKBB is located on chr. 14 and that the presence of this single chr. 14 is sufficient for the expression of human CKBB in man-rodent hybrids. Discordant results reported by others (Povey et al., 1979) may be due to the weakness of the human CKBB detection in man-rodent hybrids or to the bad conservation of this enzyme. PMID- 6968533 TI - [Increased sister-chromatid exchanges in fibroblasts from a del(13) retinoblastoma patient (author's transl)]. AB - Sister-chromatid exchanges were studied in fibroblasts from a child with del(13) retinoblastoma. The skin biopsy was performed before the clinical onset of the tumor. The observed frequency of SCE, 19.65 per cell, was significantly increased as compared to that of a normal control, 14.68 per cell (t = 3.57, p < 0.001). PMID- 6968534 TI - Fryns syndrome without deletion 16q. AB - Fryns and his colleagues described two children with a remarkably similar phenotype, and suggested their condition was due to a partial or total deletion of the long arm of chromosome 16 distal to band q21. We report the same phenotype in a boy whose blood karyotype was normal. PMID- 6968535 TI - Hereditary 3;6 translocation : three cases of multiple malformations with partial trisomy 6p21 leads to pter. AB - The authors report on a family with a t(3;6). All four members of a sibship were carriers of the balanced translocation and two have had children with multiple malformations. The proband, six months old, had the karyotype 46,XY, t(3;6) (p26;p21) der pat. His clinical features were typical of the trisomy 6p syndrome. HLA typing data failed demonstrate both paternal haplotypes in the propositus. PMID- 6968536 TI - [Trisomy 10q24 leads to 10qter due to a familial translocation t(10;14)(q24;q32) (author's transl)]. AB - The detection of trisomy 10q24 leads to 10qter in a newborn lead to the discovery of a balanced reciprocal t(10;14)(q24;q32) which had been transmitted through four generations. The patient's phenotype corresponds to that already described for trisomy 10q. PMID- 6968537 TI - Partial distal 1q trisomy. A distinct clinical dysmorphic syndrome in adulthood. AB - Partial distal 1q trisomy (1q32 leads to 1qter) is reported in a 19 year-old deeply mentally handicapped girl. The dysmorphic stigmata in this patient are strikingly similar to those found in the two previously reported adult individuals, which were trisomic for the same segment of 1q. PMID- 6968538 TI - [Incidence of color blindess in East African Negroes]. AB - 1008 Bantu and 295 Nilotes of Kenya were tested with regard to protanopia deuteranopia by means of the ISHIHARA-Plate No. 11 (16 plates edition). Four (0.55%) of the male Bantu and two (1.03%) of the male Nilotes showed a partial or total red-green-blindness. With the females of these samples no case of defective colour vision was observed. PMID- 6968539 TI - Purification and properties of a new beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas cepacia. AB - An inducible beta-lactamase was purified from a beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant strain (GN11164) of Pseudomonas cepacia. The purified enzyme preparation gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific enzyme activity for the hydrolysis of cephalothin as a substrate was 314.5 U/mg of protein. The optimal pH was about 8.0, and the optimal temperature was 45 degrees C. The isoelectric point was 9.3, and the molecular weight was estimated to be about 22,000 to 24,000 from gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme activity was inhibited by iodine, p-chloromercuribenzoate, clavulanic acid, CP 45899, and cloxacillin. The beta-lactamase showed a unique substrate profile by hydrolyzing most of the cephalosporins, including cefuroxime, cefotaxime (HR 756), ampicillin, and penicillin G, at a high rate. PMID- 6968540 TI - Synergistic action of ampicillin and nafcillin against ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Six strains of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b were studied in vitro for synergy between ampicillin and nafcillin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for these strains with 10(4) colony-forming units per ml were 6.25 to 12.5 microgram of ampicillin per ml and 6.25 to 25 microgram of nafcillin per ml. Studies with these agents demonstrated synergism against all six strains of H. influenzae type b. Most strains were inhibited by 0.78 microgram of nafcillin plus 0.78 microgram of ampicillin per ml. A child with osteomyelitis caused by H. influenzae type b was successfully treated with a combination of ampicillin and nafcillin. These data suggest that further studies assessing the synergistic effect of this drug combination against H. influenzae type b are warranted. PMID- 6968541 TI - Induction of beta-lactamase by various beta-lactam antibiotics in Enterobacter cloacae. AB - The induction of beta-lactamase in Enterobacter cloacae GN5797 was studied by using 23 beta-lactam antiobiotics, including newly introduced drugs, as inducers. the beta-lactam antibiotics can be classified into three groups on the basis of their inducer activity. Among the tested cephalosporins, cephamycin derivatives such as cefoxitin, cefmetazole, and YM09330 had high inducer activity even at low drug concentrations. On the other hand, cefoperazone, cefsulodin, piperacillin, and apalcillin showed low inducer activity when compared with the other cephalosporins. PMID- 6968542 TI - Prevalence of ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae causing systemic infection. AB - Surveillance of Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia and meningitis in Omaha during the 6-year period 1974 to 1979 revealed no upward trend in ampicillin resistance. The overall proportion was 5%, and the annual prevalence ranged from 0 to 9%. PMID- 6968544 TI - Cardiac operation and end-stage renal disease. AB - From 1972-1979, 22 patients with end-stage renal disease underwent 23 cardiac operations involving the pump oxygenator. Fourteen patients had coronary artery bypasss, 2 had aortic valve replacement, 2 had mitral valve replacement (MVR), 2 had MVR with coronary artery bypass, and 2 had ascending aortic root replacement with a composite graft. One patient underwent successful reoperation for a false aneurysm of the left ventricle after MVR. There were 2 postoperative deaths, for a mortality of 9.1%. The patients undergoing coronary artery bypass had an average of 2.7 grafts and an average Functional Class improvement from New York Heart Association Class III or IV to Class I to II. Eighteen patients required preoperative and postoperative dialysis to control blood volume, potassium, and uremia. Four patients had functioning renal transplants, and 4 patients underwent subsequent successful renal transplantation. We conclude that: (1) patients who have transplants and require dialysis can be successfully managed for cardiac operation in spite of their complex associated medical problems; (2) functional and symptomatic improvement simplifies continued management of the patient needing dialysis; and (3) improvement of a cardiac disability can allow favorable renal transplantation in selected patients. PMID- 6968543 TI - Neurovascular compression in cranial nerve and systemic disease. AB - As we age, our arteries elongate and our brains "sag." As a consequence of these processes, redundant arterial loops and bridging or intrinsic hindbrain veins may cause cross-compression of cranial nerve root entry zones in the cerebellopontine angle. This pulsatile compression can be seen to produce hyperactive dysfunction of the cranial nerve. Symptoms of trigeminal or glossopharyngeal neuralgia (somatic sensory), hemifacial spasm (somatic motor), tinnitus and vertigo (special sensory) and some cases of "essential" hypertension are caused by these vessels compressing cranial nerves V, IX--X, VII, VIII, and left X and medulla oblongata. Using microsurgical techniques, the symptoms may be relieved by vascular decompression, findings and results in 695 paients are briefly reviewed and correlated. A chronic primate model of "essential" hypertension is briefly described. PMID- 6968545 TI - Cold blood--potassium cardioplegia. AB - A technique is described for providing myocardial protection utilizing oxygenated blood that is drawn from the pump oxygenator and passed through two disposable cardioplegic cooling coils, which are joined in series and submerged in ice slush. A potassium-containing cardioplegic solution is run into the oxygenated blood at the level of the cooling coils. The amount of blood used in the blood potassium cardioplegic mixture is controlled using a screw clamp. This method has been used with excellent results in 150 consecutive patients undergoing aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafting. PMID- 6968547 TI - Transaortic cannulation for balloon pumping in a "crowded aorta". AB - A technique for cannulating the ascending aorta or aortic arch to introduce a balloon catheter for intraortic balloon pumping is described. It is performed without the use of a partial occlusion clamp. This technique is useful when multiple anastomoses in the ascending aorta leave no room for the application of a vascular clamp. Three patients in whom this technique was used are reported. PMID- 6968546 TI - Further evaluation of the circular sequential vein graft technique of coronary artery bypass. AB - Our study reports a series of circular sequential vein grafts in 21 patients with highly symptomatic triple-vessel coronary artery disease. Four or more distal anastomoses were done in each patient. Thirteen of the patients were restudied, and the results revealed a 97% patency rate for distal anastomoses (58 out of 60) at 4 to 13 months after operation. One patient died 2 months after operation. Postmortem examination revealed a desmoplastic, fibrotic reaction at the proximal anastomosis of the circular graft, with 3 of 4 distal anastomoses patent. Twenty of the 21 patients in this series are now alive with asymptomatic cardiac status 14 to 22 months after operation. The finding by Grondin and associates [1] of increased patency rate with this technique for distal anastomoses is confirmed. The circular sequential vein graft represents a particularly advantageous technique for patients in whom 4 to 6 distal anastomoses are needed for complete revascularization and in whom one or more vessels have limited runoff. The obvious disadvantage of this technique is that all distal anastomoses depend on a single proximal anastomosis. PMID- 6968548 TI - Isolated right atrial tamponade caused by hematoma complicating coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 6968549 TI - Nystagmus slow-phase velocity during vestibular, optokinetic, and combined stimulation in the monkey. AB - In Rhesus monkeys the slow-phase velocity of nystagmus was measured during optokinetic, vestibular, and combined stimulation. Accelerations and decelerations of 2.5--40 degrees/s2, and rotation at constant velocities of 70 160 degrees/s were applied. During combined visual-vestibular stimulation, nystagmus slow-phase velocity is a function only of the instantaneous stimulus velocity: It has a gain near unity and is independent of the duration and value of the acceleration. The limited linear working range of the vestibular or optokinetic system is thus extended. During deceleration an inappropriate nystagmus response is elicited only when the previous constant velocity rotation was above the saturation velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). These results are related to single neuron activity recorded in the vestibular nuclei and the flocculus under identical stimulus conditions. PMID- 6968550 TI - Management of variceal hemorrhage: results of a standardized protocol using vasopressin and transhepatic embolization. AB - We reviewed the courses of 40 patients with variceal bleeding treated with a standardized protocol, including intravenous (IV) vasopressin (Pitressin) and transhepatic embolization. Twelve of the 32 patients with acute episodes of massive variceal bleeding responded to the administration of IV vasopressin alone. Of the 20 patients who did not respond to vasopressin therapy, emergency transhepatic portography with embolization produced cessation of bleeding in ten (50%). The remaining ten patients who failed to respond to either IV vasopressin therapy or transhepatic embolization died, regardless of whether they were treated with aggressive medical therapy or emergency portosystemic shunt. Transhepatic embolization in both the emergent and elective situation demonstrated a thrombotic complication rate of 20%, which limited or precluded eventual therapy with elective portosystemic shunt. Because of this relatively high incidence of occult portal thromboses after transhepatic embolization, transhepatic portography should be obtained routinely prior to elective portosystemic shunts in those patients who have a history of transhepatic embolization. PMID- 6968551 TI - [Structure of thromboembolic complications (based on prosection data of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the I. M. Sechenov I Moscow Medical Institute from 1962 to 1979)]. AB - Based on the study of the materials of 13,000 autopsies made in 1962--1979 at the Pathology Department of the Chair of Pathological Anatomy of the I. M. Sechenov First Medical Institute, an increase in the rate of thromboembolic complications (TEC) was established predominantly in diseases of the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, rheumatic disease, protracted bacterial endocarditis). The analysis of 8157 autopsies with TEC revealed general regularities of changes in TEC structure in different diseases irrespective of their pathogenetic differences: predominance in the last two decades of venous thrombs, thromboemboly of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary infarction; prevalence of senescent and senile people among patients with TEC, and women among them (with the exception of protracted bacterial endocarditis). PMID- 6968552 TI - [Ultrastructure of the dermis and skin fibroblast metabolism in rheumatism]. PMID- 6968553 TI - Localized eosinophilic granuloma (Langerhans' cell histiocytosis) of the orbital frontal bone. AB - Four patients (aged 5, 8, 14, and 51 years at initial manifestation) with isolated eosinophilic granulomas of the orbital frontal bone displayed short symptomatic periods (two weeks to three months) and some combination of erythema of the lids, a soft, palpable anterior orbital mass, periorbital pain, and osteolytic bone lesions on roentgenography. The bone lesions roentgenographically exhibited irregular, serrated, and sclerotic margins, distinguishing them from the more oval appearance of dermoid cysts. Electron microscopy performed in one case disclosed the presence of Langerhans' granules in the cytoplasm of the histiocytes, indicating that the orbital disease is a mild form of "histiocytosis X" and a benign proliferation of a specific kind of histiocyte--the Langerhans' cell. On follow-up (two to 20 years), after incomplete curettage of two lesions coupled with low doses of postoperative radiotherapy, there was reconstitution of the bone defects, whereas more extensive surgery performed on the other two patients resulted in permanent but subclinical bone defects. PMID- 6968554 TI - Amplification in sudden deafness: a case study. AB - This report describes a case of traumatic sudden deafness in an adult and the unanticipated clinical problems in providing appropriate amplification and aural rehabilitation. The effect of acoustic distortion on central visual perceptual processes and previously ingrained aural language patterns is presented as a viable explanation. Implications regarding the necessity of evaluating the interaction between the auditory and visual channels are discussed. PMID- 6968556 TI - Selective IgA deficiency in Australian blood donors. AB - Selective serum IgA deficiency (defined as a serum IgA level less than 50 mg/l) was detected in 14 of 6,191 Australian blood donors screened by double diffusion analysis of serum specimens in agarose. This prevalence rate of 0.23% (1 in 442) is the same as that found in blood donors in Sweden but is higher than rates found in blood donors in France (0.05%), Norway (0.08%), USA (0.15%). England (0.19%) and Finland (0.20%). Antibodies to human IgA were detected in the serum of three of 11 blood donors with selective IgA deficiency (27%). There was no evidence in the present study of blood transfusion reactions from these anti-IgA antibodies when they were transfused into recipients. PMID- 6968555 TI - Characteristics and drug responses of cochlear and vestibular adenylate cyclase. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity of dissected cochlear and vestibular structures was assayed with the ATP-analog adenylyl imidodiphosphate as substrate. High activities (per mg protein) were found in stria vascularis and in vestibular preparations, lower activities in spiral ligament, VIIIth nerve, and organ of Corti. The enzyme from all structures was stimulated by fluoride, guanylyl imidodiphasphate or manganese(II) ions, and strongly inhibited by ethacrynate and lead ion. The anti-cancer drug cis-diammine-dichloro platinum significantly inhibited adenylate cyclase from stria vascularis. PMID- 6968557 TI - The role of alpha 1 protease inhibitor (alpha 1 antitrypsin) in the regulation of immunologic and inflammatory reactions. AB - Twenty-six different alleles have been identified for alpha 1 protease inhibitor (alpha 1 antitrypsin), each designated by a letter of the alphabet. In any individual two alleles codominantly determine the characteristics of alpha 1 protease inhibitor (Pi), including mobility on electrophoresis, serum concentration and acute phase response. Recent evidence has linked some mildly deficient phenotypes of Pi with a variety of chronic immunologic and inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, uveitis, asthma and fibrosing alveolitis, in addition to the well recognised association of severe deficiency with emphysema and chronic liver disease. This disease susceptibility in phenotypes associated with reduced serum levels may be due to alteration in lymphocyte responses, complement activation and leukocyte migration. Pi can also influence the autolytic effects of leukocytic enzymes on tissues and may inhibit some aspects of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Therefore patients with deficient Pi phenotypes are likely to have exaggerated immunologic and inflammatory responses. PMID- 6968558 TI - Surgery for left main coronary artery disease. AB - The early and late results of the first 103 patients with left main coronary obstruction submitted to bypass grafting in South Australia are presented. A satisfactory hospital mortality of 2.9% and a surprisingly low late mortality of 2.9% (at an average follow-up time of 30 months), were obtained, and these figures, when taken in conjunction with a symptomatic relief rate of 83% at 24 months, have encouraged us to continue to recommend coronary artery grafting as the treatment of choice of left main stem disease. PMID- 6968559 TI - Extensive infantile retroperitoneal haemangioma causing severe retroperitoneal and gastrointestinal bleeding associated with haemangioma of the thigh. A syndrome? PMID- 6968560 TI - Effect of Li and of other ions on Na transport in epithelial cells of frog skin. PMID- 6968561 TI - Tight binding inhibitors--VIII. Studies of the interactions of 2'-deoxycoformycin and transport inhibitors with the erythrocytic nucleoside transport system. PMID- 6968564 TI - Arteriovenous malformation/brain scan. PMID- 6968562 TI - 5'-Methylthioadenosine and 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine blockade of the inhibitory effects of adenosine on ADP-induced platelet aggregation by different mechanisms. PMID- 6968563 TI - Binding of anti-idiotypic antibodies against human serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) to skin fibroblasts. AB - Specific rabbit antibodies against human serum low density lipoproteins (LDL) were prepared. These were injected into guinea pigs and anti-idiotypic antibodies against human LDL were recovered. The anti-idiotypic antibodies inhibited the binding of (125)I-labeled LDL to human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 6968565 TI - [Lipoma of the corpus callosum]. AB - A case of-lipoma of the corpus callosum is presented. This is a rare intracranial lesion, perhaps congenital and often asymptomatic. Review of the literature disclosed 85 cases including our case, which is the first in Latin America. PMID- 6968566 TI - Pharmacokinetics in laboratory animals of ICI 35 868, a new i.v. anaesthetic agent. AB - Blood concentrations of ICI 35 868 have been determined in rat, pig, rabbit and cat after single i.v. injections. In all species the initial distribution volume was greater than blood volume and the overall distribution volume was large. Half lives of the distribution phase were extremely short (1-6 min) and the terminal half-lives were also short (16-55 min). In all species examined a correlation existed between the systemic blood concentration of ICI 35 868 and duration of sleep, with concentrations in the range 1-4 micrograms ml-1 being effective in producing unconsciousness. No changes in pharmacokinetics or in the effective concentration occurred on repeated administration or after infusion. PMID- 6968567 TI - Preliminary experience with ICI 35 868 as an i.v. induction agent: comparison with althesin. AB - In a small open dose-finding study the i.v. dose of ICI 35 868 required to induce anaesthesia in healthy adults was 2 mg kg-1. Comparison of this dose with Althesin 0.05 ml kg-1 for i.v. induction, both injected over 30 s suggests that they have similar effects on heart rate, arterial pressure and breathing. The mean times to loss of eyelash reflex were 57 +/- SD 10.1 s (ICI 35 868) and 46 +/ 3.9s (Althesin). The new drug was associated with pain and discomfort on injection in seven of 10 patients, but with less involuntary movement than occurred with Althesin. PMID- 6968568 TI - Detection and assessment of human tumours producing granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by heterotransplantation into nude mice. AB - Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(s) (GM-CSF) by human tumours was investigated using heterotransplantation of a number of different tumours in nude mice. An increase in granulocyte numbers (> 20,000/mm3) in the peripheral blood of nude mice accompanied the growth of 9 of the 25 transplanted tumours. GM-CSF activity tested against normal human marrow cells was relatively high in 6 of these 9 tumours. Moreover there was either weak activity or none at all in 14 of the 16 tumours that failed to cause a definite granulocytosis. The correlation between granulocytosis and GM-CSF activity was 0.36, which was statistically significant (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that the transplantation of human tumours into nude mice can provide a useful tool for detection and characterization of granulopoietic factors derived from the tumours. PMID- 6968569 TI - A case of lung cancer associated with granulocytosis and production of colony stimulating activity by the tumour. PMID- 6968570 TI - Factors affecting stimulation of natural cytotoxicity to a rat lymphoma by Corynebacterium parvum. AB - Differences were seen in the ability of 2 strains of C. parvum to augment cytotoxicity attributable to NK cells towards a rat lymphoma. Furthermore, 2 batches of the same strain of C. parvum prepared by different methods also differed in their ability to augment cytotoxicity. Other factors influencing cytotoxicity were dose, route of inoculation and time after injection at which the assay was performed. Although all preparations of C. parvum augmented the cytotoxicity of peritoneal-exudate cells when injected i.p., only the most stimulatory preparation consistently augmented splenic cytotoxicity when given by this route. I.v. administration of 1 mg of C. parvum produced peak levels of splenic cytotoxicity 2-3 days later, but this response was strictly dose dependent, since 1 microgram depressed splenic cytotoxicity. This dose-dependent effect also extended to ADCC, since 1 mg stimulated cytotoxicity towards antibody coated P815 cells, whilst 1 microgram depressed it in a manner similar to its effect on natural cytotoxicity. Whilst the cytotoxic cells of stimulated rats closely resembled the NK cells of normal rats, BN rats responded differently to C. parvum from W/Fu or WAG rats, in that marked lysis of P815 or RBL-5 cells was observed, though these targets are usually resistant to lysis by rat NK cells in short-term assays. PMID- 6968571 TI - Separation of spontaneous-killing effector populations by target preference. AB - Three populations active in human spontaneous cytotoxicity have been identified. Two of these are E-rosette positive, and differ in their adherence to nylon wool. The third is E-rosette negative. The E-rosette positive fraction which does not adhere to nylon consistently does not lyse a breast-cancer-derived target, MDA 157. When tested simultaneously on 4 other tumour target cells lines--Raji, Chang, K562 and Molt 4--however, all three populations are cytolytic. The MDA-157 target is consistently lysed by a nylon-adherent T-cell fraction, irrespective of whether the E rosettes are formed under optimal or the limiting conditions giving only "high-affinity" T cells. The observation that a given effector fraction can lyse one target but not another, whereas other fractions are cytolytic on both, implies that different targets may differentiate effector populations differing in their lytic mechanism. PMID- 6968572 TI - Colony formation by normal and malignant human B-lymphocytes. AB - A method is described that permits colony formation in culture by B lymphocytes from normal blood and from blood, marrow or lymph nodes of patients with myeloma or lymphoma. The method depends on: (1) exhaustively depleting cell suspensions of T lymphocytes, (2) a medium conditioned by T lymphocytes in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-TCM), and (3) irradiated autologous or homologous T lymphocytes. Under these conditions the assay is linear. Cellular development of B lymphocytes can be followed; differentiation to plasma cells is seen in cultures of cells from normal individuals and myeloma patients, but not lymphoma patients. Malignant B lymphocytes in culture produced immunoglobulin of the class identified in the patient's blood, or in freshly obtained cells. We conclude that the assay is suitable for studying the growth, differentiation and regulation of normal and malignant B lymphocytes in culture. PMID- 6968573 TI - Effect of Pasteurella pneumotropica on the growth of transplanted Walker sarcoma cells. PMID- 6968574 TI - A study of infective and other factors in exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. PMID- 6968575 TI - Ciliary motility in the 'immotile cilia syndrome'. First results of microphoto oscillographic studies. AB - Using a microphoto-oscillographic technique the authors studied ciliary beating of nasal epithelial cells from 11 patients with the 'immotile cilia syndrome' (Kartagener's syndrome) and from normal controls. Ciliary motility was found in all patients, except one. Although the patients had a significantly reduced number of cells with motile cilia, one-third of all ciliated cells showed motility. The beating frequency was normal, but the motility pattern was highly abnormal, with a predominance of asynchronous motility in the patients. These results suggest that the lack of dynein arms in cilia in these patients only is partial and that direct observation of ciliated cells, obtained by gentle scraping on the nasal mucosa, may be a suitable screening test for early diagnosis of this syndrome. PMID- 6968576 TI - Widespread panacinar emphysema with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - We report the clinical, laboratory and necropsy findings in the cases of two patients with homozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency with a widespread distribution of panacinar emphysema. PMID- 6968578 TI - The role of Langerhans cells in the Pirquet and Moro-Hamburger tuberculin reactions. PMID- 6968577 TI - The response of bone marrow cells, thymocytes and osteoclasts to hydrocortisone. AB - Hydrocortisone injections in young rats caused an increase in the proliferative response of bone marrow cells but a disintegration of thymus gland, the cells of which probably disappeared from thymus. Earlier investigations have shown that different kinds of trauma and antigen result in an increase in the mitotic rate of bone marrow and thymus cells and at the same time an increase in the number of osteoclasts. After steroids, however, no increase of osteoclasts occurred, probably because monocytes which develop into osteoclasts and macrophages are inhibited by hydrocortisone. The effect on serum calcium was minimal. PMID- 6968579 TI - Protease inhibitor profiles in urticaria and angio-oedema. AB - Plasma levels of six protease inhibitors have been measured in patients with chronic urticaria, chronic urticaria with angio-oedema, cold and cholinergic urticaria. In chronic urticaria C1 esterase inhibitor activity was increased compared with a reference control population but there was no detectable abnormality of any other protease inhibitor. Patients with chronic urticaria/angio-oedema showed a reduction in inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor. They also manifested a rise in C1 esterase inhibitor. In cold urticaria there was a significant lowering of alpha 1 antichymotrypsin. The reduction in alpha 1 antitrypsin in this group probably reflects a genetic difference compared with the control population. Patients with cholinergic urticaria also showed a reduction of alpha 1 antichymotrypsin. The elevated levels of alpha 2 macroglobulin in the three groups are probably due to differences in the mean age of these groups compared with the reference population. Comparison of levels of subgroups of patients with and without active lesions suggest that a consumptive effect may contribute to the reduced values, although it seems unlikely to account for them entirely. The results suggest that involvement of pharmacologically active products of protein digestion may be involved in the pathogenesis of urticaria and should prompt attempts to identify these agents and encourage trial of medications which lead to inhibition of proteolytic activity in urticaria. PMID- 6968580 TI - In situ identification and enumeration of T lymphocytes in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas by demonstration of granular activity of acid non-specific esterase. AB - Activity of acid non-specific esterase (ANAE) in infiltrating lymphocytes in nine patients with mycosis fungoides and four patients with parapsoriasis en plaques was examined in frozen tissue sections. Within the dermal infiltrate 81.7 +/- 6.1% of all lymphocytes contain this enzyme in mycosis fungoides, 74.7 +/- 3.3% in parapsoriasis en plaques. These results correlate well with the percentage of T lymphocytes determined by immunological techniques. Mycosis fungoides may be regarded as an ANAE-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Because of its simplicity this technique may be of value in further investigations of mycosis fungoides. PMID- 6968581 TI - B lymphocytes in contact dermatitis. AB - The expression of immunoglobulin on the membrane of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with contact dermatitis has been investigated using a sensitive rosette technique. The proportion of such cells in these patients is increased compared to normal values. However, the absolute values obtained are very much lower than has been reported from previous studies. The re-evaluation of immunoglobulin expression is discussed against a background of improved methodology and the established finding that individual lymphocytes may express more than one isotype. PMID- 6968582 TI - Lymphoid cell sets and serum immunoglobulins in patients with thalassaemia intermedia: relationship to serum iron and splenectomy. PMID- 6968583 TI - Complete remission in T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 6968584 TI - Inhibition of normal human granulopoiesis in vitro by non-B non-T lymphocytes. AB - Normal non-adherent mononuclear cells were shown to inhibit colony formation by normal human marrow cells cultured for 7 d in semi-solid agar. Inhibition was the same using cells from the marrow donor or from an unrelated normal subject, and was shown to be dose-dependent over the range of 4 X 10(5) to 6 X 10(3) mononuclear cells per 1 X 10(5) marrow cells plated. Inhibition was not seen in 14 d cultures, and it is postulated that colony-forming cells sensitive to lymphocyte inhibition belonged to the population known to give rise to colonies after 7 d in culture. Cell fractionation studies showed that inhibition was due to non-B non-T lymphocytes, purified B cells or T cells being neither inhibitory nor stimulatory. Inhibition was only shown with intact viable lymphocytes and it was not possible to extract inhibitory activity from the cells, or to produce inhibition by media conditioned by lymphocytes. The effect was apparently due to a direct action on colony-forming cells in the marrow and was not due to inhibition of colony stimulating activity (CSA) production, or to absorption or inactivation of CSA. These results emphasize the need to include appropriate controls when looking for possible cell-mediated inhibitors in disease states, particularly when 7 d cultures are used. PMID- 6968585 TI - Thrombopoiesis and megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor in the urine of patients with aplastic anaemia. AB - The urinary extracts from patients with aplastic anaemia and from healthy donors were investigated in vivo and in vitro for their ability to stimulate megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. There was a significantly higher concentration of thrombopoiesis stimulating factor (TSF) and megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor (MEG-CSF) in the urine from patients with aplastic anaemia than in that from healthy donors. Neuraminidase treatment did not affect the thrombopoietic activity of TSF, whereas coexisting erythropoietin (EPO) in the extract lost in its activity in vivo. These findings suggest that TSF and/or MEG CSF seems to be different from EPO and that the urine from aplastic anaemia patients would be a good source of TSF and MEG-CSF for purification and characterization. PMID- 6968586 TI - Prolymphocytic leukaemia with erythrophagocytic activity. PMID- 6968587 TI - Bone marrow fibroblasts, fat cells and colony-stimulating activity. PMID- 6968588 TI - Superficial reticular degeneration of Koby. AB - A 36-year-old white man with congenital ichthyosis and a history of a posterior uveitis beginning at age 8 presented with an unusual corneal opacity. At age 26 bilateral central corneal opacities were noted consisting of fine interlacing white lines forming a reticulum at the level of Bowman's membrane. A faint brown background tint of the basal epithelium was also present. Over the next 10 years the opacity progressed only slightly, with some mild superficial scarring of the underlying corneal stroma. The visual acuity remained good. This corneal pattern appeared virtually identical to the superficial reticular degeneration of Koby. As described by Koby in 1927, this rare corneal degeneration is characterised as a painless, slow, progressive development of a central fine, white reticulum at the level of Bowman's membrane. This rare corneal degeneration probably represents an atypical form of band keratopathy. PMID- 6968589 TI - Management of endophthalmitis with pars plana vitrectomy. AB - Pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics is an effective technique in the treatment of culture-proved endophthalmitis. Best results are obtained when the therapy is instituted early in the course of infection, preferably during the first 36 hours of the onset of symptoms, and when the infective organism is of low virulence. In our 20 cases of culture-proved endophthalmitis 17 eyes (85%) were saved and had some degree of useful vision. Thirteen (65%) eyes had a visual acuity of 20/400 or better. Three eyes (15%) were lost. PMID- 6968590 TI - Late complications of pterygium treatment. AB - Long-term complications of pterygium excision and beta irradiation in 63 eyes of 57 patients are described. The age of the patients at treatment ranged from 27 to 69 years (mean 48 +/- 11), and complications were assessed 3 to 20 years later (mean 12 +/- 3). The pterygia were excised, leaving bare sclera, and beta irradiation of total dose 750 to 5200 rads (mean 3475 +/- 916) was given, except in 7 patients who had repeated courses or overlapping fields of beta irradiation. Scleral ulceration was present in 51 eyes and sectorial lens opacities with normal visual acuity (VA) in 19 eyes. Radiation induced cataract occurred in 3 eyes, with reduced vision. Ptosis, symblepharon, and iris atrophy were also seen. Pseudomonas endophthalmitis occurred in 4 patients with scleral ulceration. Beta irradiation to prevent recurrence of pterygia is a significant cause of iatrogenic ocular disease. There is a need to modify the beta irradiation dosimetry at present in use. PMID- 6968592 TI - A dynamic X-ray diffraction study of anaesthesia action. Changes in myelin structure and electrical activity recorded simultaneously from frog sciatic nerves treated with n-alkanes. AB - Changes induced in the structure and electrical activity of myelin were recorded simultaneously from frog sciatic nerves treated with n-alkanes. The results suggest that the effect of n-alkanes seems to be two-fold: (a) there is an initial reversible phase, in which a significant modification of the X-ray diffraction patterns, concomitant with the continuous fall of the action potential, is observed; (b) there is a final phase which is irreversible. This occurs some time after the complete abolition of the electrical activity. At this stage, further changes of the X-ray diffraction patterns are detected, the most significant of them being in the n-pentane-treated myelin, and consist of an increase in the membrane bilayer thickness. PMID- 6968591 TI - Interaction of chymotrypsinogens with alpha 1-protease inhibitor. AB - In a previous report [Largman, C., Brodrick, J.W., Geokas, M.C., Sischo, W.M., & Johnson, J.H. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 8516-8523] it was demonstrated that human proelastase 2 and alpha 1-protease inhibitor react slowly to form a complex that is stable to denaturation with sodium dodecyl sulfate and beta mercaptoethanol and that the zymogen can be recovered from the isolated complex following dissociation by hydroxylamine. The present report demonstrates that bovine chymotrypsinogen A reacts with human alpha 1-protease inhibitor in a very similar manner. The rate of complex formation was measured by two methods. In the first, the reaction was followed by determining the loss of the inhibitory activity of alpha 1-protease inhibitor as a function of time. A second-order rate constant for complex formation formation (pH 7.6, 36 degrees C) of 12.9 +/- 2.4 M 1s-1 was obtained. In the second procedure, the reaction of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled chymotrypsinogen A with alpha 1-protease inhibitor was measured by fluorescence polarization. A second-order rate constant (pH 7.6, 37 degrees C) of 13.9 +/- 2.1 M-1s-1 was obtained. The rate of complex formation is approximately 10(-5) of that measured for the reaction of bovine chymotrypsin with alpha 1-protease inhibitor. Dissociation of the complex was not observed after dilution or the addition of excess bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. As judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments, human chymotrypsinogens I and II react with alpha 1-protease inhibitor at rates that are approximatley equivalent to that determined for bovine chymotrypsinogen A. In contrast, bovine trypsinogen reacts very slowly with alpha 1-protease inhibitor, at a rate that is at most 10(-2) of that of bovine chymotrypsinogen A. These results suggest that zymogens react with alpha 1-protease inhibitor by virtue of partially formed active sites and that the potential active-site specificity of the zymogen in part determines the rate of complex formation. PMID- 6968593 TI - Action of oxidized and reduced glutathione on rabbit red blood cell hexokinase. AB - Reduced glutathione at 1 mM concentration is able to mantain rabbit red blood cell hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) in the reduced state with fully catalytic activity. At higher concentrations a marked inhibition is observed. In contrast, oxidized glutathione is a strong inhibitor of reduced erythrocyte hexokinase at all the concentration studied. Inactivation experiments show that some sulfhydryl groups reacting with oxidized glutathione are responsible for the enzyme inactivations. These findings suggest a cellular inter-relationship between redox and energetic metabolism coupled through glutathione at the hexokinase level. PMID- 6968594 TI - Low-molecular weight immunomodulators produced by microorganisms. PMID- 6968595 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the development of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits]. AB - The role of the immunocompetent system in the development of experimental atherosclerosis was studied in experiments with 51 rabbits given hydrocortisone injections. Hydrocortisone produced atrophy of T and B systems of the lymph nodes and spleen. Under these conditions the experimental sclerosis developed little regardless high lipid blood level. This circumstance provides one more argument of the role played by the immunologic factors in the formation and development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 6968596 TI - [Anticonvulsive effect of stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation in animals with experimental photogenic epilepsy]. AB - Experimental photogenic epilepsy in rats was induced by injections of microdoses of tetanus toxin into the lateral geniculate body (LGB). One day after injection the animals developed epileptic paroxysms (EP) which were seen at 10--15-minute intervals. Under these conditions the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) was continuosly stimulated for 40 min (at a frequency of 0.2 Hz, 0.8 B). In 4 out of 12 animals EP completely ceased both during MRF stimulation and for 1--2 hours following stimulation. In 6 animals, the frequency of EP decreased. Inhibition of EP was not followed by cessation of interparoxysmal discharges. Participation of MRF in the genesis of photogenic stimulation is discussed. PMID- 6968597 TI - [Detection of a distinctive differentiating antigen of activated mouse T- and B lymphocytes--AKA-1]. AB - The presence of a differentiative antigen on activated B cells -- antibody forming cells (AFC), analogous to that against mouse T lymphocytes activated by transplantation antigens was demonstrated with the help of specific rabbit antiserum (ATactS) against these T lymphocytes. The antigen was detectable on direct AFC producing antibodies to sheep, rabbit and rat red blood cells as well as on indirect AFC producing antibodies to sheep red blood cells. The antigen was found on AFC of different H-2 and Ala-1 phenotypes. The activity of ATactS was abolished by absorption with activated T cells, EL-4 lymphoma cells rather than by intact lymphocytes, liver cells, serum or immunoglobulin of mice. The differentiative antigen common to activated T and B cells is proposed to be designated Aka-1. PMID- 6968598 TI - [Thymocyte receptors reacting with erythrocytes and the Fc-fragment of IgG]. AB - A receptor structure that has an affinity to autologous and xenogenic red blood cells was isolated from rat thymocytes by means of adsorption on immobilized rabbit IgG. This structure restores the rosette formation on addition to thymocytes deprived of their receptors for autologous red blood cells and having no capacity for rosette formation. The substance affinity for red blood cells and rabbit IgG is caused by its glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 12 000 daltons, that displays the properties inherent in thymocyte Fc-receptors. The purified glycoprotein can also restore rosette formation in thymocytes deprived of their receptors for autologous red blood cells. A suggestion is made that at least one of Fc-receptors of the T-lymphocyte membrane is capable of reacting with red blood cells. PMID- 6968599 TI - The 14q+ chromosome in pre-B-ALL. AB - A child who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with an 8;14 chromosome translocation and with a pre-B phenotype is described. The leukemic cells were determined to be pre-B-cells on the basis of intracytoplasmic mu-chain immunoglobulin (cIgM+) and the common-ALL antigen, lack of receptors for sheep erythrocytes, and lack of surface immunoglobulin. The 8;14 translocation is frequently found in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and in most patients with B cell ALL and is known to carry a poor prognosis. Thus far, no karyotypes have been reported for patients with pre-B-ALL. The present case indicates that a 14q+ chromosome may provide a proliferative advantage not only to cells with a B-cell phenotype, but also to pre-B-cells. The short survival of our patient also suggests that the 14q+ abnormality and the pre-B phenotype may signal a poor prognosis. PMID- 6968600 TI - Heterotropic splenic autotransplantation in the prevention of Haemophilus influenza meningitis and fatal sepsis in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - It has been suggested that autotransplantation of splenic tissue following trauma may result in splenic implanta that protect the human host from severe infection with encapsulated bacteria. To test this hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham operation, splenectomy, or splenectomy followed by autotransplantation of splenic fragments into the peritoneal cavity. Three months later, they were inoculated intranasally with H. influenzae b. The incidence and severity of bacteremia and meningitis were determined subsequently in 15 randomly selected rats from each group. Splenosis did not appear to confer significant protection against bloodstream dissemination. However, significantly more (p = 0.005) asplenic rats (13/15) developed meningitis than did splenosed rats (6/15). None of the rats with normal splenic tissue developed CNS infection. Thus, the occurrence of meningitis was reduced in autotransplanted rats as compared to asplenic rats. Ten remaining rats from each group were followed for 3 wk after inoculation and the number of deaths was recorded. All sham-operated and autotransplanted rats survived, whereas 7 of 10 asplenic rats died (p = 0.003). These studies indicate that surgically created splenosis offers the potential for reducing the risk of life-threatening sepsis. PMID- 6968601 TI - Differentiation-linked expression of cell surface markers on HL-60 leukemic cells. AB - The cell surface antigenic phenotype of HL-60, a human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line, has been analyzed before and after maturation induction with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) using a panel of markers including a "library" of monoclonal antibodies and "conventional" antisera in conjunction with the fluorescene-activated cell sorter. HL-60 cells express granulocyte and "leukocyte" differentiation antigens but not antigens of the lymphoid, platelet, and erythroid lineages. DMSO-induced morphological maturation was found to be associated with a decrease in the proportion of cells in mitotic cycle, induction of C3d receptors, increased expression of granulocytic and leukocyte antigens, and diminished expression of HLA-A,B,C and beta 2-microglobulin determinants. HL 60 cells have no detectable expression of HLA-DR-associated determinants as assayed by rabbit anti-p28,33 monoclonal anti-HLA-DR (monomorphic determinant), and HLA-DRw typing alloantisera. The relationship of these changes in cell surface properties to normal granulocytic differentiation is discussed. PMID- 6968602 TI - A technique for the flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes bearing histamine receptors. AB - Histamine receptors have been demonstrated on lymphocyte membranes by a variety of techniques. We now report a method that allows for the flow cytometric analysis of histamine receptors on human peripheral T cells. Histamine is conjugated to fluoresceinated human albumin by the coupling agent ECDI. This conjugated histamine compound (FHA-his) binds to approximately 45% of T cells. Fluoresceinated human albumin alone (FHA), not conjugated to histamine, does not bind to T cells. In addition, unconjugated histamine can inhibit completely the binding seen with FHA-his. We conclude that this technique demonstrates specific FHA-his binding to histamine receptors on T cells and can be used to determine the number of cells bearing such receptors. In addition, the reagent could be used with a cell sorter to isolate distinct histamine-receptor-bearing (HR+) cells for further immunologic study. PMID- 6968603 TI - Human T-cell antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies. Absence of T65 on committed myeloid and erythroid progenitors. AB - The complement-dependent cytotoxicity of monoclonal T-cell antibody (T101) for normal and abnormal hemopoietic progenitors was assessed. T101 demonstrated toxicity for normal T-colony-forming cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow. Cytotoxicity was absent for normal peripheral blood and bone marrow granulocytes/macrophage (CFU-C) and erythroid (BFU-E) progenitors. The antibody was also not toxic for peripheral blood blast progenitors from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). These studies indicate the absence of the antigen defined by T101 (T65) from normal progenitor cells and from blast progenitors in patients with AML. T101 may be used in the treatment of T-cell malignancies and in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) without damage to normal progenitor cells. PMID- 6968604 TI - [Measures of regional cerebral blood deficit by inhalation of xenon 133: clinical applications]. AB - Multiple measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after 133 xenon inhalation allowed us to compare results obtained during different forms of migraine and during transient ischaemic attacks, as opposed to a group of normal controls. In normal healthy volunteers (N = 65) classified in decades, there is a stepwise reduction in cortical blood flow (F1) with advancing age (r = .97, p < .0001). The reduction in the slow component of blood flow (F2 congruent to white matter flow) is not significant. In common and classical form of migraine (N = 23)F1 is signifcantly increased during the cephalalgic phase and during the two consectuvie days (p < .01). On the contrary, in accompanied migraine (N = 17), F1 is significantly decreased during the first four days (p < .001) and to a lesser extent from the 4th to the 10th day (N = 5; p < .05). In transient ischaemic attacks (T.I.A.; N = 12) F1 is significantly increased until three weeks after the attack (p < .01). The differences in rCBF in accompanied migraine versus T.I.A. appears to help in the differential diagnosis of clinically difficult cases. PMID- 6968605 TI - [Positron emission computed tomography and cerebrovascular disorders: significance and principles of the technic, first applications in cerebrovascular diseases]. AB - Positron emission computed tomography is a new technic allowing to map the functional state (metabolism and circulation) of a given human organ. By using the coincidence detection of annihilation radiation emitted by positron emitting radionuclides and applying the three-dimensional reconstruction technic to the regional radionuclide distribution in the tissue, it yields an image of the distribution of a previously administered radionuclide in any desired transverse section of the body and allows through already developed mathematical models the precise measurement of local values of metabolism and circulation. This approach appears to be especially promising for the study of the nomal and diseased brain. It circumvents many of the problems of conventional radionuclides and detection systems. Principles, interest and first results of the technic in relation to cerebrovascular problems are presented. PMID- 6968606 TI - Regional cerebral blod flow studied by xenon-133. Intra-arterial injection studies and inhalation studies using emission tomography. AB - A survey of the Xenon-133 techniques for measurement of regional cerebral blood flow, rCBF, in man is presented. The intra-arterial Xe-133 injection method is very sensitive for detecting even small hyperemic areas, but cannot "see" smaller ischemic areas. The Xe-133 inhalation (or i.v. inj.) technique is insensitive both to hyperemia and ischemia yielding essentially only a mean flow value. A new rapidly moving single photon tomograph following D. Kuhl's principle is presented applicable to Xe-133. Preliminary clinical data show that this technique is able to detect ischemic areas both with Xe-133 intra-arterial injection and with Xe 133 inhalation. The practical and economic advantages of Xe-133 or Xe-127 tomography over positron tomography for rCBF are discussed. PMID- 6968607 TI - Combined metrizamide ventriculogram and basal cisternogram via sub-occipital route. PMID- 6968608 TI - Comparison of rubber band ligation and haemorrhoidectomy for second- and third degree haemorrhoids: a prospective clinical trial. AB - One hundred patients with second- or third-degree haemorrhoids were randomly allocated to haemorrhoidectomy (50) or rubber band ligation (50). Forty-two in each group presented with rectal bleeding; haemorrhoidectomy relieved 36 and rubber band ligation relieved 31 of this symptom. All patients had prolapsing haemorrhoids at presentation. One year after treatment 45 haemorrhoidectomy and 43 rubber band ligation patients were assessed. Haemorrhoidectomy relieved 44 of 45 patients and rubber band ligation relieved 34 of 43 (P < 0.05). Haemorrhoidectomy caused pain in all cases, lasting for more than 48 h in 35. Rubber band ligation was painless in 5 and produced pain for more than 48 h in 15. Mean time off work was 32 days for haemorrhoidectomy and 3 days for rubber band ligation (P < 0.001). Rubber band ligation as an outpatient procedure is an effective treatment for second- and third-degree haemorrhoids and should be considered before recourse to surgery. PMID- 6968609 TI - Portal hypertension as a complication of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. PMID- 6968610 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding, angiodysplasia of the colon and acquired von Willebrand's disease. AB - A 66-year-old man is reported who was found to have acquired von Willebrand's disease, which presented when the patient was 63 with iron deficiency anaemia and gastrointestinal bleeding. He subsequently bled from various sites in the gastrointestinal tract including an angiodysplasia of the right colon, which was successfully treated by right hemicolectomy. This is the second reported association between acquired von Willebrand's disease and angiodysplasia of the intestinal tract. PMID- 6968611 TI - Is continued anal dilatation necessary after a Lord's procedure for haemorrhoids? AB - Forty patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids had a Lord's procedure performed under general anaesthetic. Anal pressures were recorded before and after the dilatation. The patients were then randomly allocated to one of two regimens. Group 1 was given only a bulk laxative and group 2 was given a bulk laxative and a large anal dilator to use over the next few months according to Lord's regimen. When reviewed at 3 months and 12 months there was no difference in the results between the two groups. We conclude that the use of an anal dilator does not improve the result after a Lord's procedure. PMID- 6968613 TI - Dorsal column stimulation in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6968615 TI - Electricity and bones. PMID- 6968614 TI - Hydrallazine in hypertension: is there a safe dose? PMID- 6968612 TI - Changes in blood lipids and blood pressure during adolescence. AB - A total of 625 adolescents from three general practices participated in a cross sectional study of cardiovascular disease risk factors. The girls had higher serum total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations than the boys, while the boys had higher serum triglyceride concentrations. Smoking (equally prevalent in both sexes) was associated with lower HDL cholesterol concentrations, particularly in boys, while in girls use of oral contraceptives was associated with higher total cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol concentrations showed striking associations with age, height, and sexual maturation in boys, but not in girls. Triglyceride concentrations were associated with age in boys. Systolic blood pressure and serum urate concentrations were higher in boys and rose steeply with age, but no age association was seen for urate concentrations or systolic blood pressure in girls or for diastolic pressures in either sex. Girls, however, had higher diastolic pressures. There was a strong association between urate concentration and the other cardiovascular disease risk factors, especially HDL cholesterol. Adolescence is associated with considerable changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors, and there are striking sex differences in these changes. PMID- 6968617 TI - Fulminant hepatic failure in childhood. PMID- 6968616 TI - Dorsal column stimulation in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6968618 TI - Prevention or cure for stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding? PMID- 6968619 TI - Monoamine replacement after reserpine: catecholaminergic agonists restore motor activity but phenylethylamine restores atropine-resistant neocortical low voltage fast activity. AB - A large dose of reserpine abolishes an atropine-resistant form of neocortical low voltage fast activity (LVFA) which normally accompanies certain patterns of motor activity in rats. An attempt was made to reverse this effect by replacement of specific monoamines or by injection of suitable agonists in rats pretreated with reserpine (10 mg/kg). The following compounds, alone or in various combinations, failed to restore atropine-resistant LVFA in reserpinized rats even though spontaneous motor activity was restored in many cases: L-DOPA (150-300 mg/kg) after pretreatment with an inhibitor of peripheral L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase; 5-hydroxytryptophan (100-200 mg/kg); D-amphetamine (1-2 mg/kg); apomorphine (0.25-2.5 mg/kg); lysergic acid diethylamide (100-300 microgram/kg); and clonidine (0.5-1.0 mg/kg). In contrast beta-phenylethylamine was quite effective in restoring atropine-resistant LVFA and its effects were not diminished by pretreatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (400 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (15 mg/kg). It is suggested that a trace amine plays an essential role in the production of atropine-resistant LVFA independent of catecholamines. PMID- 6968621 TI - Methotrexate/L-asparaginase combination chemotherapy for patients with acute leukemia in relapse: a study of 36 children. AB - Cyclic administration of methotrexate (MTX) and L-Asparaginase (L-Asp) was utilized either as induction and maintenance chemotherapy or as maintenance chemotherapy alone following induction with other medications in treating 36 children with multiple relapses of acute leukemia. A complete remission rate (CR) of 67% was obtained in children with null-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The average length of remission was greater than four months. One of three patients with T-cell ALL and one of two patients with B-cell ALL achieved CR. In six cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), two patients achieved CR. One of two patients with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) negative myeloblastic transformation of Ph'-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) obtained a CR lasting 20 weeks. Toxicity secondary to the chemotherapy included bone marrow suppression, hepatic injury, nausea, diarrhea, stomatitis, and allergic reactions to L-Asp. One case of subacute necrotizing leukoencephalopathy was seen. PMID- 6968620 TI - Isolated marrow lymphoma: an entity of possible T-cell derivation. AB - Seven adults had a distinct clinicopathologic type of lymphoproliferative disorder of the bone marrow. All patients presented with weakness and pancytopenia; no evidence of gross extramedullary involvement was found. In 5 cases severe and prolonged bone marrow hypoplasia was associated with combination chemotherapy; 1 patient died of infection during initial therapy. In 6 of the 7 cases, clinical improvement occurred following therapy. As a terminal event, 2 patients developed a leukemic phase. Tumor cell from 4 patients were studied immunologically, and in 2 patients surface marker characteristics suggestive of T cell tumor origin were found. In 2 cases, ultrastructural studies of lymphoid cells were compatible with a T-cell neoplasm. The above data suggest that these cases represent a distinct type of chemotherapy-sensitive lymphoma in which conservative initial treatment may induce a response without prolonged bone marrow hypoplasia. PMID- 6968622 TI - Distribution and inhibition of adenosine deaminase in tissues of man, rat, and mouse. AB - Adenosine deaminase activity, with arabinosyladenine (ara-A) used as the substrate, was measured in human leukemic cells and major tissues of man, rat, and mouse. The enzyme is stable in frozen tissues for at least 1 week, in frozen homogenate for several months, or after overnight dialysis at 4 degrees C in 0.25 M sucrose. The adenosine deaminase of chronic myelogenous leukemic (CML) cells has a Km of 0.6 mM and a Vmax of 183 mumols x 10(-2)/g of cells/minute. All species have highest activities in spleen and intestine. Kidney activity is highest in rat and lowest in man. The human brain has higher activity than the mouse or rat brain, and activity is higher in mouse liver than in human or rat liver. Activity in lung tissues is moderate and similar in all three species. The mean activity in CML cells is 195 mumols x 10(-2)/g of cells/minute, and the activity is higher in patients with CML in blast cell crisis. Acute myelogenous and lymphocytic leukemia cells also have very high activities. Drug concentrations required for inhibiting 50% of CML enzyme activity are 10 nM or erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA), 0.6 nM of coformycin, and 0.3 nM of 2'-deoxycoformycin. Preincubation of the enzyme with coformycin, but not with EHNA, enhances the inhibition. In view of the high adenosine deaminase activities in tissues and the enhancement of the therapeutic effect of ara-A by inhibitors in mouse tumor systems, clinical trials of these combinations are warranted. They may be particularly beneficial to patients with CML in blast cell crisis. PMID- 6968624 TI - Tissue distribution of IgA receptor-bearing cells in mouse and guinea pig with special reference to the lymphoid population of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6968625 TI - Specific T-cell-mediated killing of autologous lung tumour cells. PMID- 6968623 TI - The pineal complex of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L.: a light-, electron microscopic and fluorescence histochemical investigation. AB - The pineal complex of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) was investigated by light and electron microscopy, as well as fluorescence histochemistry for demonstration of catecholamines and indolamines. The pineal complex of the stickleback consists of a pineal organ and a small parapineal organ situated on the left side of the pineal stalk. The pineal organ, including the entire stalk, is comprised mainly of ependymal-type interstitial cells and photoreceptor cells with well-developed outer segments. Both unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibres are present in the pineal organ. Nerve tracts from the stalk enter the habenular and posterior commissures. A small bundle of nerve fibres connects the parapineal organ and the left habenular body. The presence of indolamines (5-HTP, 5-HT) was demonstrated in cell bodies of both the pineal body and the pineal stalk, and catecholaminergic nerve fibres surround the pineal complex. PMID- 6968626 TI - Allotype suppression in the rabbit: persistence of passive antibody and the establishment or abrogation of chronic suppression. PMID- 6968627 TI - Elicitation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes in nude mice. PMID- 6968628 TI - Lack of influence of Peyer's patches on the intestinal localization of mesenteric lymphoblasts. PMID- 6968629 TI - Regulation of self-recognition by T-cell hybrids. PMID- 6968630 TI - Extinction of B-cell surface differentiation markers in hybrids between murine B lymphoma and myeloma cells. PMID- 6968631 TI - In vitro corticosteroid modulation of lymphocyte migration. PMID- 6968632 TI - Nature of T lymphocyte recognition of macrophage-associated antigens. IV. Inhibition of peptide antigen presentation by brief treatment of macrophages with anti-Ia serum. PMID- 6968633 TI - Enzymatic relationship between human T gamma + lymphocytes and thymocytes. PMID- 6968634 TI - Nonrecirculating memory T lymphocytes in cellular resistance to infection. PMID- 6968636 TI - Effect of adenosine deaminase inhibitors on Fc mu receptor expression in human T cell cultures. PMID- 6968635 TI - Mitogen responsiveness of various immune tissues: heterogeneity of accessory cells and susceptibility to suppression by macrophages. PMID- 6968637 TI - Role of accessory cells in the in vitro growth of aggregate-derived murine T-cell colonies. PMID- 6968638 TI - B cells with or without C3 receptor:murine B-cell subsets highly and lowly responsive to anti-ig stimulation. PMID- 6968640 TI - Random recirculation of small T lymphocytes from thoracic duct lymph in the mouse. PMID- 6968639 TI - Is cholesterol the receptor for polyene antibiotic-induced B-lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6968641 TI - Immunoregulatory influence of thymic epithelium and thymopoietin on human B lymphocyte differentiation. PMID- 6968642 TI - The turnover of surface immunoglobulins of small lymphocytes and blastic cells. PMID- 6968643 TI - [Some immunological changes found in gestoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968644 TI - T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with colorectal cancer. PMID- 6968645 TI - Predominance of B-lymphocyte function after cultured thymus fragment therapy in severe combined immunodeficiency disease. PMID- 6968646 TI - Functional abnormalities associated with T lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6968647 TI - Multiple exostoses--mental retardation (MEMR) syndrome: report of a case. AB - A MEMR syndrome occurred in a 9-year-old boy with cerebral atrophy and was established by computed tomography scans of the cranium. The patient had mental retardation, delayed speech development and microcephaly, and high levels of urinary dermatan sulfate and heparin sulfate, which are characteristics of this inborn error of mucopolysaccharide metabolism. PMID- 6968648 TI - Febrile seizures: current concepts. AB - Approximately 2 to 5 per cent of all children experience seizures in association with their febrile illness. In a vast majority of instances, these seizures are of benign nature without any long-term adverse implications. A small percentage of these children develop recurrent febrile seizures and a still smaller percentage develop epilepsy. Several studies have attempted to identify those children who are at risk to develop either recurrences or subsequent epilepsy, while others have examined different modalities of management of children with febrile seizures. This review presents an overview of the problem based on the findings of these studies. PMID- 6968649 TI - Longitudinal effects of an oxygenating agent on clinical indices and oral microbiota. PMID- 6968651 TI - Alteration of nutrition habits in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6968650 TI - Peer leadership and health status: factors moderating response to a children's dental health program. PMID- 6968654 TI - The clinical relevance of pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6968653 TI - The ill effects of refusing diagnostic x-rays. PMID- 6968652 TI - Evaluation and patient acceptance of a mechanical dental flossing device compared to hand-held floss. PMID- 6968655 TI - Proximal surface cleaning by dental floss. PMID- 6968656 TI - [Rheumatology and crenology: current status and prospects]. PMID- 6968657 TI - Adenoviral early glycoprotein E3-19K and its association with transplantation antigens. PMID- 6968658 TI - Normal B-cell activation involves endogenous retroviral antigen expression: implications for leukemogenesis. PMID- 6968660 TI - The inability of chronic fluoxetine to potentiate a serotonin mediated effect. PMID- 6968659 TI - Progressive shutdown of viral gene expression in Friend-virus-induced erythroleukemia cells. PMID- 6968661 TI - Early occlusion and late stricture of normal coronary arteries following blunt chest trauma. AB - A 27-year-old man had inferior myocardial infarction following superficial chest trauma. Coronary arteriography documented an isolated total occlusion of the right coronary artery, probably caused by localized extra-coronary compression, and no other evidence of intrinsic coronary disease. The left anterior descending artery later developed a localized proximal stenosis, most likely due to mural thrombus, which progressed rapidly to cause anterior myocardial infarction despite coronary artery surgery. The etiology of this lesion is discussed and support given to the "encrustation" hypothesis of human atherosclerosis. Exercise thallium scintigraphy proved helpful in the management of this case. PMID- 6968662 TI - Antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. PMID- 6968663 TI - Drugs on a medical campus. II. Drug use among faculty members. AB - One hundred out of a total of 207 members of the faculty of Medical College, Patiala, selected by a process of random sampling were covered in the present survey. They were divided into two groups--the senior consultants and the junior doctors. The lifetime prevalence rate for drug use was 78.9 per cent, and the commonest drugs used were alcohol and tranquilizers, followed by sedatives, stimulants, tobacco and cannabis. However, current use as shown by the 30-day prevalence rate showed that only three drugs--alcohol, tobacco and tranquilizers- are commonly used. More of the senior doctors were single-drug users (44 per cent) compared to only 20 per cent among the junior doctors, who experimented with a larger variety of drugs and took them more frequently than the seniors. Enquiry into the reasons for drug use revealed further differences between the two groups; a majority of the senior physicians stated that they took drugs to help them obtain relief from their tensions, whereas among the younger group a considerable number took them for thrills or out of curiosity. A majority of the physicians felt they would continue to use alcohol, tobacco and tranquilizers in the future, whereas they would not take cannabis, opium or narcotics. PMID- 6968664 TI - Cannabis use and alcohol problems among adults and students. AB - Earlier studies have indicated that cannabis use and alcohol problems should be related. This paper reports a test of this hypothesis using multivariable analyses with two separate samples--one adult and one student. In both analyses alcohol problems were the best predictors of cannabis use. The results indicate the need to consider cannabis use to be often part of a larger set of problems around drugs. PMID- 6968665 TI - Drug abuse in Jordan: an exploratory study. AB - The method used for obtaining data on the prevalence of licit and illicit drug abuse in Jordan during the period under study (1970 - 1977), included indirect measurements or indicators and direct estimates of abuse in different localities of Jordan. The study has shown changing patterns and trends of abuse of illicit drugs (hashish and other opiates) and licit psychoactive drugs (mainly tranquilizers and barbiturates) obtained on prescription. The incidence of licit drug abuse has been rising steadily in recent years. Drug abusers belong to a wide range of socio-economic backgrounds, occupations, and age groups. The findings were viewed in a broader socio-cultural context. The implications for prevention and intervention are discussed as well as the need for developing an adequate information system. PMID- 6968667 TI - [Lectins]. PMID- 6968666 TI - [Clinical features and treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1972 and 1978 a total of 16 patients, aged 19 to 70 years, seven of them women, were diagnosed as having Wegener's granulomatosis. The course of the disease in some instances was rapidly progressive, in some protracted. Nine patients have died, three of them within three months. The diagnosis can only be made after intensive ear-nose-throat, medical and histological studies. Early administration of cyclophosphamide seems to influence the course of the disease favourably. PMID- 6968668 TI - [Multitransfusion. Pathophysiology and practical consequences]. PMID- 6968670 TI - A prescription for avoiding malpractice suits in the E.D. PMID- 6968669 TI - [Pancreolauryl test compared to NBT-PABA test. Screening test for diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?]. PMID- 6968671 TI - Sexual problems in the E.D. PMID- 6968672 TI - Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus. XI. The Serotoninergic regulation of growth hormone and prolactin secretion. PMID- 6968673 TI - Parathyroid hormone-responsive clonal cell lines from rat osteosarcoma. AB - Several clonal cell lines from a transplantable rat osteosarcoma, selected on the basis of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-sensitive adenylate cyclase, were established in culture. Bovine PTH-(1-84) (0.1 microM) stimulation of adenylate cyclase varied among clones from 8-fold to none. The level of PTH response was a stable property of each clonal line that was retained through numerous passages in vitro (nearly 3 yr in the oldest clone). Highly PTH-responsive lines had a cuboidal eliptoid morphology and differed from the nonresponsive lines, which had a more fibroblastic appearance. PTH responsiveness correlated with several properties, presumably associated with the osteoblastic phenotype: elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, synthesis of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing bone protein, and production of mineralized tumors in host rats. PTH (1.0 nM; 24 h) reduced the alkaline phosphatase activity by 40% when tested in a responsive clone. The acid phosphatase activity of the various cell lines was uniformly low. These osteosarcoma-derived cell lines which are stable in vitro thus seem to reflect the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in the tumor in situ. They could be useful in studies of phenotypic expression, PTH action, and a possible relationship between the two. PMID- 6968674 TI - Action of thyroid hormones in premetamorphic tadpoles: an important role for thyroxine? AB - The role of T4 as an active hormone in premetamorphic tadpoles has been investigated. It was found that the only labeled compounds present in serum and preparations of liver cytosol and nuclei 1, 3, and 24 h after injection of [125I]T4 and [125I]T3 (10 pmol/tadpole) were iodide, the injected hormone, and a trace of labeled material that remained at the origin during chromatography (origin material). Although T4 was deiodinated more rapidly than T3, no conversion of T4 to T3 was detected. Similar observations were made 72 h after the administration of 10 nmol of either hormone, at which time hepatic carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity was significantly increased. Distribution and turnover of [125I]T3 and [125I]T4 (10 pmol) administered ip were determined in premetamorphic tadpoles. Maximum concentrations of both hormones in serum and liver occurred at 2.5 h. In serum, the concentration of T4 exceeded that of T3 at 1 h, but by 3 h and at all subsequent time intervals studied, T3 concentration was higher than that of T4. In liver, the uptake of T4 during the first 6 h was double that of T3. Moreover, when tadpoles were given both hormones simultaneously in equimolar amounts, at least twice as much T4 as T3 was present in both liver cytosol and nuclei after 3 and 24 h. The levels of both hormones in serum and liver decreased rapidly after 2.5 h, and these decreases were accompanied by an increase in the amount of 125I in bile. It was concluded that T4 can exert a physiological effect in premetamorphic tadpoles without being converted to T3. Furthermore, the data suggest that, relative to T3, T4 plays a more important role as an active hormone in premetamorphic tadpoles than it is thought to play in mammals. PMID- 6968676 TI - Vitamin A potentiates the mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor in cultures of normal adult human skin fibroblasts. AB - The polypeptide hormone, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Vitamin A (retinoic acid) were added to log phase cultures of adult human skin fibroblasts and the effect on cell growth observed. At the end of seven days EGF alone stimulated cell growth 68%, while trans-retinoic acid alone had no significant effect. However, when EGF was added in combination with trans-retinoic acid, cell growth was increased 159 to 214%. Cis-retinoic acid gave similar results. These results indicate that, under certain conditions, a presumed inhibitor of fibroblast growth (retinoic acid) can potentiate the mitogenic action of a hormone, namely, epidermal growth factor. PMID- 6968677 TI - Epidermal growth factor stimulates production of progesterone in cultured human choriocarcinoma cells. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the production of progesterone by JEG-3, a clonal strain of human choriocarcinoma cells. Stimulation occurs in a time and dose-dependent manner. In addition, EGF increases [14C]-acetate incorporation into [14C]-cholesterol in JEG-3 cells, and this may constitute its mechanism of action in enhancing progesterone synthesis. PMID- 6968678 TI - Gastrointestinal telangietasia as a cause of severe blood loss in systemic sclerosis. AB - Two patients with progressive scleroderma had severe gastrointestinal blood loss. Endoscopical examination revealed multiple telangiectase in the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially in the stomach. The telangiectases in the skin and the mucosa in systemic sclerosis are indistinguishable endoscopically and histologically from those seen in hereditary hemaorrhagic telangiectasia. Recurrent and severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage originating from telangiectases is an unusual complication of systemic sclerosis. PMID- 6968679 TI - Massive intestinal bleeding in hemangiomatosis of the duodenum. AB - A 33-year-old male was admitted to Takano Hospital with fainting spell and diaphoresis due to massive terry stool. He had been working and in good health until 2 days before admission. Urgent duodenal endoscopy disclosed hemorrhage from an angiomatous lesion of the duodenum. A duodenal resection with duodenojejunostomy was performed. Pathologic examination revealed a cavernous hemangiomatosis of the duodenum. The patient had a good postoperative course. Hemangioma of the intestinal tract is rare. To our knowledge, the present case is the first case in which urgent endoscopy has succeeded in establishing the preoperative diagnosis of this lesion and ascertaining the bleeding point. PMID- 6968675 TI - Androgen receptor in rat skeletal muscle: characterization and physiological variations. AB - Androgen binding has been studied in the quadriceps femoris of recently castrated adult and intact immature male and female rats using a variety of techniques for separating and measuring hormone-receptor complexes. [3H]Testosterone, [3H]androstanolone (or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone). [3H]methyltrienolone (a potent synthetic androgen), and [3H]estradiol bind to the androgen receptor. Affinities are identical for the first two hormones (Kd = approximately 70 pM) and lower for estradiol (Kd = approximately 0.2 nM), as determined by Scatchard plots of binding data. Competition experiments indicate that in addition to the nonradioactive steroids corresponding to the above-cited tritiated compounds, progesterone, cyproterone acetate (an antiandrogen), and spironolactone compete for [3H]androgen binding by the receptor, but diethylstilbestrol, moxestrol (a potent synthetic steroidal estrogen), and cortisol do not. 3 alpha- and 3 beta androstanediols slightly inhibit testosterone binding. Therefore, striated muscle androgen receptor specificity is identical to that of all androgen receptors of target tissues which have been previously studied. Binding is abolished by pronase and heat treatment, and displays an approximate 7S sedimentation coefficient in low salt ultracentrifugation gradient analysis. Preliminary observations suggest hormone-induced receptor translocation into the nucleus. No evidence has been found for an independent estrogen receptor. In the course of the binding experiments, extensive metabolism of androstanoloe and testosterone was observed in muscle cytosol at 0-4 C, during the 2-h incubation period used for most binding studies. Metabolite formation can jeopardize the binding data, specifically altering the significance of competition experiments with relatively high concentrations of steroids approaching the Km of metabolizing enzymes. Therefore, most quantitative studies were performed in enzyme-free, receptor containing cytosol preparations. In adult male rats castrated for 2 days, the concentration of receptor in the cytosol was of the order of 1 fmol/mg protein and corresponded to 72 fmol/mg tissue DNA (that is, 100 and 20 times less than that in corresponding prostatic cytosol, respectively). In the adult female rat 2 days after castration, the concentration of receptor in the cytosol was 0.34 fmol/mg protein. Treatment with testosterone pellets (20 mg for 15 days) increased androgen receptor concentration significantly. In spite of the relatively low concentration of androgen-binding sites, the typical binding specificity of the androgen receptor and the regulatory effects of androgens on their own receptor support the possibility that some effect(s) of androgens upon skeletal muscles may be initiated directly at the cellular level through this receptor, a concept which is also in agreement with recently demonstrated in vitro effects of androgens on cultured myoblasts. PMID- 6968681 TI - Monoclonal antibody to a human brain-granulocyte-T lymphocyte antigen probably homologous to the W 3/13 antigen of the rat. AB - The monoclonal antibody (F 10-44-2) described in this report recognizes an antigen which by quantitative absorption analysis is found predominantly on spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, thymus, granulocytes and brain, the amount of antigen on these tissues being approximately the same within a factor of 2 or 3. Analysis with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter showed that 29% of thymus cells, 61% of bone marrow cells, 95% of blood mononuclear cells, 98% of lymph node lymphocytes and 100% of granulocytes carried the antigen. With blood mononuclear cells and lymph node lymphocytes, there were two distinct peaks, with one peak labeling very weakly. Double labeling experiments established that the weakly labeled peak contained the B lymphocytes. Studies on frozen sections of thymus established that positive thymocytes were found only in the medulla indicating that the antigen appears late in T lymphocyte maturation. The lymphatic nodules (B lymphocyte areas) of spleen and lymph node appeared virtually negative on frozen sections showing that there was too little antigen on the B lymphocyte surface for confident detection by fluorescence microscopy. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis of NaB3H4-labeled blood mononuclear cells established that the antigen was a major glycoprotein of the leukocyte membrane and that its mol. wt. was 105000. This antigen shows a striking similarity in biochemistry and tissue distribution to the W 3/13 antigen of the rat and is likely to be the human homologue of this antigen. PMID- 6968680 TI - Hepatotoxicity of rifampicin and isoniazid in children treated for tuberculosis. AB - In order to determine the hepatotoxicity of rifampicin in children treated for tuberculosis, a survey was performed of 18 children receiving this medicine in combination with isoniazid. Fifteen of the 18 children (83%) showed a rise in ASAT values and 11 (61%) in ALAT values exceeding 29U/L. Seven children with maximal ASAT values between 40 and 100 U/L were treated without any changes in the regimen and the transaminases normalized later in the treatment. Six out of the eight children with ASAT values over 100 U/L were allowed a three-week pause in their therapy, one was given the same dose of rifampicin, and in one the treatment was discontinued entirely. The therapy was discontinued in an additional three children because of a second high rise in the transaminase values. Liver injury can occur at any time during treatment, and thus makes continuous follow-up tests necessary. PMID- 6968682 TI - Cell cooperation in antibody responses to influenza virus. I. priming of helper t cells by internal components of virion. AB - T cells recognizing internal components of the influenza virion can cooperate with B cells recognizing hemagglutinin to enhance the hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) antibody response. Cooperation occurs only when the internal proteins and hemagglutinin are subsequently presented in association. The effect enhances the production of both 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant and -sensitive antibodies. The cooperating cells express the Thy-1+, Ly-1+2- surface phenotype and thus are characteristic of helper T cells. Immunization of mice with the internal components of the virion increases survival after exposure to lethal influenza infection. Mice primed with purified matrix protein produce enhanced amounts of HAI antibody after infection with influenza. These results may help to explain reports on the effects of heterotypic infection on antibody production, and also heterotypic immunity. PMID- 6968683 TI - Liposome-mediated transfer of integral membrane glycoproteins into the plasma membrane of cultured cells. PMID- 6968684 TI - Replacement of the liquid vitreus with sodium hyaluronate in monkeys. I. Short term evaluation. PMID- 6968685 TI - Oxygen consumption and ATP changes of the vertebrate photoreceptor. PMID- 6968686 TI - Vestibular responses and branching of interstitiospinal neurons. AB - 1. Interstitiospinal neurons were activated by antidromic stimulation of the ventromedial funiculus of the spinal cord at C1 and C4 in cerebellectomized cats under chloralose anesthesia. 46% of these neurons responded only at C1 (N cells) and the remaining 54% responded at C4 also (D cells). There is no topographical difference in the location of N and D cells. Conduction velocities of N cells were significantly slower than those of D cells. 2. Stimulation of the contralateral whole vestibular nerve evoked firing of 31% of both N and D cells; some responded early enough to suggest disynaptic connections, many responded late. Stimulation of the ipsilateral whole vestibular nerve evoked firing of several cells, one spontaneously discharging D cell was inhibited. 3. Stimulation of the contralateral individual semicircular canal nerves evoked firing of 33% of N cells and 13% of D cells. Most of these responses were late. N cells responded not only to the vertical canals but also to the horizontal canal, whereas D cells responded to the horizontal canal, but seldom to the vertical ones. Most canal responding neurons received specific input, only two N cells received convergent input from both the anterior and horizontal canals. Stimulation of the ipsilateral canals did not evoke excitation of any cells tested; one D cell was inhibited by stimulation of the horizontal canal nerve. 4. Stimulation of the rostral medial vestibular nucleus evoked characteristic negative field potentials centered in the contralateral interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC). Approximately 60% of both N and D cells received excitation from the contralateral vestibular nuclei. About 17% of these responding neurons received monosynaptic excitation, most frequently from the rostral medial nucleus. Stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nuclei evoked firing of 12% of both N and D cells. 5. Twenty-nine neurons were fired antidromically by weak stimuli applied to the ipsilateral vestibular nuclei. Twenty-seven of the 29 were activated only from C1 and were found in the INC (10 cells) and in the reticular formation dorsal to the INC (19 cells). Measurement of the spread of the effect of stimulus current and comparison of latencies to stimulation of the vestibular nuclei and C1 indicated that these neurons have axon collaterals going to the ipsilateral vestibular nuclei. Only one of them received excitation from the contralateral posterior canal, others did not respond to the labyrinth. Some were activated by stimulation of the vestibular nuclei. PMID- 6968687 TI - Post-rotary nystagmus and optokinetic after-nystagmus in the rabbit linear rather than exponential decay. AB - The decay of the slow phase velocity of post-rotatory (PRN) and optokinetic (OKAN) after-nystagmus as a function of time was measured in Dutch rabbits after stimulation with velocity steps of 30, 60, and 150 degrees/s. The decays fitted linear functions very well, but only poorly exponential ones. Typical decay rates were 2-5 degrees/s2, with apparent time constants (defined by decay to 37% of initial velocity) in the order of 10-20 s. Within one animal, the decays of OKAN and PRN with similar initial velocities were indistinguishable. With sinusoidal oscillation, the time constant of the vestibulo-ocular reflex - estimated from phase lead - was only 2-3 s, and probably similar to the cupular time constant. In general, time constants increased when eye velocities increased. This indicates that the vestibulo-ocular reflex of the rabbit behaves as a non-linear system. A velocity storage system with a constant discharge rate is postulated as a main non-linear element. This would introduce a linear decay of velocity as well as a threshold for velocity. This storage system would be common to both vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes. PMID- 6968688 TI - Electrophysiological evidence for white light sensitivity of the encephalon in eyeless and pinealectomized frogs. AB - After removal of the lateral eyes and the whole pineal complex, electrophysiological responses to photic stimuli where still recorded from the diencephalon and mesencephalon of frogs. Sustained nervous discharge occurred in response to a white light stimulus while no activity was recorded in the dark. PMID- 6968689 TI - Survival of nerve and Schwann cells in allografts after cyclosporin A treatment. PMID- 6968690 TI - The isolation of the green rod pigment of the frog, Rana catesbeiana. PMID- 6968691 TI - Humoral immunity in malnutrition. AB - Malnutrition affects the humoral immune system in diverse fashions. B lymphocyte subpopulations, serum IgG, and IgA levels, and immunoglobulin synthesis and metabolism are usually normal or increased. Hypogammaglobulinemia may occur in very young, severely malnourished infant. Although usually normal, deficient antibody responses to injected antigens are occasionally present, depending on the severity of the malnutrition. Serum IgE levels are usually high in malnutrition, probably due both to the increased incidence of intestinal parasites and to the lack of T cell control of IgE. Despite these high IgE levels, allergy is unusual. Secretory IgA levels in the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) fluids are generally decreased, as are secretory IgA antibody responses. This local antibody deficiency may increase GI permeability, stimulate immune complex formation, and result in the formation of IgG food antibodies. Breast milk secretory IgA levels are equivalent in malnourished mothers but because of lessened milk volume, the total amount of secretory IgA delivered to their offspring is diminished. Complement levels are somewhat diminished in the presence of malnutrition with a resultant opsonic deficiency. Although these B cell system aberrations undoubtedly contribute to the enhanced susceptibility to infection of malnourished patients, they are usually less severe than are concomitant T cell deficiencies. PMID- 6968692 TI - Nutritional modulation of immune responses. AB - Malnutrition has been linked in field studies with increased susceptibility to infection, often associated with severe marasmus or kwashiorkor. However, studies by Jose and colleagues revealed an apparent paradox: while B-cell immunity was decreased by chronic moderate malnutrition, several aspects of T-cell immunity were enhanced. In extensive experimental studies we have analyzed the effects of dietary restriction in immunologic function and development of disease. Our investigations may be grouped into three related areas. 1) Differential effects of protein or protein-calorie malnutrition on B-cell and T-cell immunity. While antibody-mediated immunity was impaired in animals moderately restricted with respect to protein or total calories, several T-cell functions were consistently enhanced in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and monkeys. 2) Influence of restricting a single nutritional element, the trace metal zinc, on immunologic function. Zinc deficiency produces progressive thymic involution and a progressive loss of T cell immunity functions in mice and rats. While congenital failure to absorb this element normally is the single cause of hereditary acrodermatitis enteropathica, a frequently lethal disease both in humans and in cattle, acrodermatitis enteropathica has also been linked with common variable immunodeficiency disease, total parenteral alimentation with preparations lacking zinc, several forms of cancer, marasmus, and kwashiorkor. 3) Inhibition by dietary restriction of development of the diseases of aging. Disorganization of thymus-derived immunity, and development with aging of genetically determined diseases in several strains of mice, can be sharply curtailed or even prevented by reducing the intake of total calories or fat. Similarly, development of mammary cancer in C3H female mice is prevented by restricting dietary intake of fat. PMID- 6968693 TI - Association of Ly phenotypes, T cell function and MHC recognition. AB - Lyt molecules has been exceptionally useful in defining district subpopulations of T lymphocytes. In this paper the significance of the association of Lyt phenotypes of T cells with their specialized functions and with their recognition of different major histocompatibility complex (MHC) subregions is examined. The published data, which indicates that helper activity stimulated by allogeneic Class I (K/D) antigens is dependent on a mature Ly123 cell that does not interact with an Ly1 cell (conventional helper), is reviewed. Recent studies, which show that a long-term allospecific cell line with killer activity directed against an Ia antigen is an Ly1 cell with expression of Lyt2, are presented. It is concluded that Lyt2 molecules are not themselves required for the induction or delivery of killing. It is suggested that Lyt molecules may not be reliable markers of the functional commitment of T cells and that Lyt phenotypes may be better correlated with the subregion of the MHC that such T cells recognize. PMID- 6968694 TI - [Hypotonic hemorrhage in the puerperal period]. PMID- 6968696 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous erythromycin lactobionate. AB - In a previous study with erythromycin lactobionate it was shown that a 12-hour intravenous infusion of 2 g produced peak plasma erythromycin concentrations well above the required levels to inhibit the growth of all standard erythromycin sensitive pathogens (including Haemophilus influenzae). Unfortunately two subjects vomited after receiving 2 litres of normal saline (in which the erythromycin lactobionate was infused). For this reason it was decided to administer half the previous dose of erythromycin lactobionate in 500 ml of 0.9N saline over 1 hour. The present study shows that the latter dose regime produces therapeutic plasma erythromycin base concentrations in the plasma in all subjects, five of whom also participated in the previous study. The infusions were well tolerated in every participant. More rapid administration enabled the baseline pharmacokinetics of this parenteral erythromycin salt to be established by two different computer programmes in healthy volunteers. It is hoped that the data outlined in this paper will prove a useful baseline for future studies with erythromycin lactobionate in healthy volunteers and patients with severe infections who receive this antibiotic. PMID- 6968695 TI - [Mechanism of the change in glucose absorption in the intestines of dogs with motion sickness]. PMID- 6968697 TI - A preliminary comparison of erythromycin, co-trimoxazole and amoxycillin in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis admitted to hospital. PMID- 6968698 TI - Characteristics of a "nonspecific" ENG population. AB - Fifty-one patients with "nonspecific" (nonlocalizing) electronystagmograms were studied both concurrently and retrospectively to determine the characteristics of this sample population. Data were gathered for the following categories: (1) vestibular signs/symptoms; (2) trauma; (3) aural signs/symptoms; (4) hearing loss; (5) psychosocial behavior; (6) other neurological findings; and (7) other medical problems. Analysis indicates that twice as many females have nonspecific electronystagmogram findings. The majority of these are in the menopausal age range. Most patients are uncertain about the onset, duration, and frequency of their vestibular problems. A high percentage of the population had a history of psychiatric treatment. PMID- 6968700 TI - Enhancement of lethal metastasis of plasmacytoma in mice rendered tolerant to tumor-associated transplantation antigens. PMID- 6968699 TI - Androgen receptors in the diabetic rat. AB - Male rats rendered diabetic by IV streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight) were treated with exogenous insulin or testosterone. Charcoal-coated dextran and polyacrylemide gel electrophoresis techniques were employed in studying the characteristics of androgen (R1881) binding to prostate cytosol protein. In comparison with normal (N) rats, the replacement therapy of diabetic (D) animals with insulin (D + I) or testosterone (D + T) was able to restore epididymal weight (N = 0.40 +/- 0.04 g; D = 0.18 +/0 0.02 g; D + I = 0.42 +/- 0.05 g; D + T = 0.40 +/0 0.06 g) and total prostate weight (N = 0.24 +/- 0.02 g; D = 0.15 +/- 0.02 g; D + I = 0.24 +/- 0.05 g; D + T = 0.35 +/- 0.06 h). Testicular endogenous content of testosterone was restored after insulin treatment (N = 154 +/- 13 ng/testis; D = 41 +/- 5 ng/testis; D + I = 142 +/- 9 ng/testis), and significant improvements of serum testosterone levels were also achieved (N = 540 +/- 64 ng/100 ml; D = 238 +/- 37 ng/100 ml; D + I = 358 +/- 18 ng/100 ml). Prostate cytosol of streptozotocin-diabetic rats had strongly lowered capacity for 3H R1881 binding compared with controls (94 and 12 fmol/mg protein, respectively). Testosterone treatment produced a 3.3-fold improvement of this lowered value, whereas the increment seen with insulin was less (1.5-fold). It is emphasized that some of the improvements caused by insulin replacement therapy in diabetic animals are due to the partial restoration of testosterone secretion. Thus, the combined actions of insulin and testosterone (instead of insulin alone) seem to be of major importance in the maintenance and regulation of accessory sex glands function. PMID- 6968701 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968703 TI - [Correlation of skin tests with the peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocyte tests in malignant ovarian tumors]. PMID- 6968702 TI - Changes within the thymus gland as induced by high doses of hydrocortisone- histological and histochemical aspects. AB - The investigations were carried out on mature male Wistar rats. Hydrocortisone was administered intramuscularly for the period of 10 or 20 days. Histological findings showed that within the thymus gland the compact and fat connective tissue was proliferated, including both cortical and medullar zones. In the medullar part large vesicular forms filled with a substance of a basic character could be observed. Studying the thymus sections from the histochemical point of view, one could note numerous cells filled up with the Gomori-positive substance. The cells, mainly grouping in the cortical zone were often of a giant size. PMID- 6968705 TI - Prospective comparison of two Sengstaken tubes in the management of patients with variceal haemorrhage. AB - To compare the efficacy of two oesophageal tamponade tubes, 28 patients with endoscopically proven actively bleeding varices were randomly allocated to be intubated with either a newly available 4-lumen tube incorporating an extra lumen for oesophageal suction, or the modified 3-lumen Sengstaken tube. The patients and the nursing staff preferred using the 4-lumen tube and both aspiration pneumonias and balloon dysfunction occurred less frequently. Variceal haemorrhage was successfully controlled for the first 12 hours in most patients in the two treatment groups, although the incidence of re-bleeding at 48 hours after the tube had been deflated was high. PMID- 6968704 TI - Peripheral blood and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes in Crohn's disease. AB - Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 44 patients with Crohn's disease showed no difference in the proportions of T- and B-cells from those in 38 healthy controls. Analysis revealed no disturbances in relation to duration or to activity of disease or to drug treatment. Lymphocytes from 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis also showed normal proportions of T- and B-cells. Lymphocytes taken from gut lymph nodes were studied in five patients with Crohn's disease. On comparison with peripheral blood lymphocytes, significantly decreased proportions of T-cells and significantly increased proportions of B-cells were found in lymph nodes draining areas of diseased bowel. No differences were seen in the proportions of T- and B-cells from lymph nodes taken from apparently healthy bowel of the Crohn's patients and of four control subjects without inflammatory bowel disease, though these were different from those in the peripheral blood in both the Crohn's patients and control subjects. PMID- 6968706 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations of intestinal mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood (PBL) and intestinal mucosa (IML) of 10 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were compared with those of 11 non-IBD controls. PBL were separated on Ficoll/hypaque gradients, and IML were isolated by incubation in dithiothreitol, EDTA, and collagenase. These methods yielded cells of good viability and with intact HLA A and B-antigens. T-cells, identified by neuraminidase-treated sheep RBC rosettes and non-specific esterase staining, comprised approximately 91% of the IML from normal mucosa of all groups. B-cells, identified by erythrocyte-antibody-complement rosettes and surface immunoglobulins, were only 7% of these IML populations. Cell yields were two-fold or more greater from abnormal IBD mucosa, with T-cells ranging from 55 to 95% and B-cells from 2 to 36%. The percentage of Fc receptor bearing cells was low in all specimens. By these methods, T-lymphocytes predominated in intestinal mucosa of both IBD and non-IBD patients, but there is marked increase in the percentage of B-cells isolated from abnormal mucosa in IBD. PMID- 6968707 TI - Mathematical models of antibody response. AB - An antigen triggers the clonal expansion of B lymphocytes accompanied by antibody production. This paper presents and compares the basic ideas of three mathematical models of B cell differentiation and proliferation. PMID- 6968708 TI - [Reactive lymphadenopathy-enlargement-pseudolymphoma--prelymphoma]. AB - In this first of two articles on reactive and lymphomatous lymph-node enlargement, based several own cases an overview of reactive lymphadenopathies is given. A short presentation of the subpopulations of the lymphatic system and its function is followed by tables and case reports illustrating the individual reaction forms. The include abnormal storage, inflammatory and infctious processes, immunological disorders and hamartomatous lesionsl. Certain reactive disease entities which clinically and pathologically closely resemble lymphomas are designated as pseudolymphomas. Prelymphomas include those processes which in part may lead to a malignant lymphoma. Finally, practical aspects of lymphode diagnostics (localization factor, clinical-pathological correlation) are discussed. PMID- 6968709 TI - Quantification of proteins with a new sensitive method--zone immunoelectrophoresis assay. AB - Quantitative determination of proteins has been made by electrophoresis thereof in tubular canals filled with agarose gel containing antibodies. The procedure is simple and practicable. Sample volumes of a few microliter up to some hundred microliter may be added for each test. The amount of protein in a sample was found to be linearly related to the distance from the point of application (i.e. gel surface) to the front of the immunoprecipitation zone. The zone immunoelectrophoresis method shows over rocket immunoelectrophoresis the following advantages: less consumption of antibodies; much lower detection limit (0.05 microgram of protein per ml); larger concentration range with a linear calibration curve. A high correlation (0.98) between the first- and last mentioned method was obtained for alpha 1-antitrypsin. Precision data are given for albumin and alpha-fetoprotein and typically a relative standard deviation of a few percent was obtained. PMID- 6968710 TI - Studies on immunoreactive pancreatic elastase 2 in human serum. AB - A radioimmunoassay for human pancreatic elastase 2 is described. DFP-Inactivated pancreatic elastase 2 is used both as standard and tracer. The concentration in normal human plasma is approximately 60 micrograms immunoreactive pancreatic elastase 2, which rises in acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic elastase 2 appears in plasma in a form with a molecular size exceeding that of the proenzyme. In vitro studies demonstrate that a complex between pancreatic elastase 2 and alpha 1 antitrypsin arises after incubation of a mixture of pancreatic juice and plasma. The results presented support the conclusion that proelastase is bound by alpha 1 antitrypsin after the discharge from the pancreatic gland to the extracellular tissue fluids around the gland. PMID- 6968711 TI - The electrophoretic mobility of alpha 1-antitrypsin in sputum and its relationship to protease inhibitory capacity, leucocyte elastase concentrations and acute respiratory infection. AB - The electrophoretic mobility of uncomplexed alpha 1-antitrypsin was studied in the sol phase of sputum from 14 patients with chronic bronchitis. The mobility of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the sputum of each subject was reduced compared to the mobility in serum (mean sputum value = 71.1% of albumin mobility; mean serum value = 78.5% of albumin mobility). This reduction in alpha 1-antitrypsin mobility was most significant in the sputum samples of patients with chest infections which contained free elastolytic activity (mean value in cases where no enzyme activity was found = 74.9%; in cases with enzyme activity = 66.1%, 2P < 0.01). There was a significant inverse relationship between alpha 1-antitrypsin mobility in sputum and concentration of immunoreactive leucocyte elastase (r = 0.739, 2P < 0.01). The addition of trypsin to the sputum samples showed failure to inhibit the enzyme despite the apparant presence of sufficient uncomplexed alpha 1-antitrypsin in these samples, suggesting this alpha 1-antitrypsin was non functional. Proteolytic enzymes can inactivate alpha 1-antitrypsin with a reduction in its electrophoretic mobility. The results of this study suggest that the alpha 1-antitrypsin in sputum may be inactivated by lysosomal proteases including elastase. PMID- 6968712 TI - T cell stimulating growth factors. PMID- 6968713 TI - Production of cytotoxic factor in the spleen of dengue virus-infected mice. AB - Swiss albino mice inoculated i.c. with dengue type 2 virus (DV) show presence of a factor in the spleen which is cytotoxic to the normal mice spleen cells in vitro. The cytotoxic factor is present in the homogenate as well as in the culture supernatants of the spleen cells. Maximum cytotoxic activity is present in the spleen of moribund mice on 10-11 p.i. day. No cytotoxic activity was found in the homogenates of brain, liver, heart and skeletal muscles. Sera from a few mice only had cytotoxic activity and were not complement-dependent. Cytotoxic activity in the homogenate and culture supernatant (TCF) of various spleen cell populations was screened. Cytotoxicity of glass-non-adherent cells was significantly higher. DV-infected spleen cells, depleted of macrophages by carbonyl iron treatment, had higher cytotoxic activity. B-cell-enriched fractions and the glass-adherent cells had negligible cytotoxic activity. Purified lymphocytes and the T-lymphocyte-enriched fractions had maximum cytotoxicity. Thus, a cytotoxic factor is produced by T lymphocytes of the spleen of DV infected mice which kills normal mouse spleen cells in vitro. PMID- 6968714 TI - Growth and differentiation in vitro of mast cells from mesenteric lymph nodes of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected rats. AB - Intestinal mastocytosis begins to develop in rats, depending on the strain, at 14 (outbred Sprague-Dawley, SD) or 16 (inbred Lewis, L) days after infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nippo). We have investigated in vitro mastopoiesis from mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells cultured at various intervals post-infection, using a modified Marbrook liquid system. Greater increases in mast cells (MC) were observed in cultures of SD-MLN removed on day 14 after Nippo infection (IMLN-14) than from MLN removed from uninfected animals (NMLN): seven- to twenty-fold versus up to two-fold at 2 weeks and forty- to two hundred-fold versus up to twenty-fold at 4 weeks, respectively (P < 0.002). In contrast, similar differential increases in MC and histamine compared to uninfected controls, were demonstrated in 2 week cultures of MLN from L strain rats removed 17 (IMLN-17) and 20 (IMLN-20) but not 14 days after Nippo infection (P < 0.001). the presence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro was associated with enhanced MC differentiation from both IMLN-17 and IMLN-20, while worm antigen (Ag) stimulated mastopoiesis from IMLN-17, but suppressed the response from IMLN-20 (P < 0.02). Conditioned media (CM) prepared from unstimulated or PHA-stimulated IMLN 32 (i.e. removed 32 days after Nippo infection) caused significant mastopoiesis from NMLN in vitro when compared to no CM or Ag-stimulated CM (P < 0.01). Either MC precursors or cells which help MC differentiation exist in increased numbers in MLN of Nippo-infected rats. Mitogenic or antigenic stimulation modulates in vitro mastopoiesis, either directly or through soluble factors derivable from MLN cells. These in vitro methods can be utilized to understand further mechanisms of intestinal mastocytosis in the rat. PMID- 6968715 TI - Inhibition of T-lymphocyte colony formation by inhibitors of mitochondrial protein synthesis. AB - A double layer technique which requires an underlayer of peripheral blood leucocytes, in addition to phytohaemmagglutinin (PHA) in the overlayer, to obtain good T-lymphocyte colony formation, was used to assess the effect of two inhibitors of mitochondrial protein synthesis, chloramphenicol and ethidium bromide. A significant inhibition of the colony growth of peripheral blood T lymphocytes was observed when either of the drugs was incorporated in the underlayer. The inhibitory effect was always smaller (c. 50%) when the drugs were added to the overlayer. These findings point to the existence of a T-lymphocyte colony stimulating factor(s), released mainly by the leucocyte-rich underlayer and essential for T-colony formation, the production of which is inhibited by these mitochonrial inhibitors. PMID- 6968717 TI - Biochemical comparison of PC.1 from neuronal cells and from B cells. PMID- 6968716 TI - Studies of the mouse Ly-6 alloantigen system. I. Serological characterization of mouse Ly-6 alloantigen by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Three monoclonal antibodies were produced by fusing mouse myeloma cell line NS-1 with spleen cells from C3H/An mice hyperimmunized with B6-H-2k spleen cells. These antibodies recognized an alloantigen displaying a similar strain distribution pattern to the Ly-6.2 and Ala-1.2 alloantigens. Analysis of CxB and BxH recombinant inbred mice revealed close linkage of genes controlling Ly-m6 and Ly-6. The monoclonal antibodies lysed 70 percent of cells in lymph nodes and 60 percent in spleen in direct cytotoxicity assays, but did not lyse significant numbers of cells of thymus and bone marrow. Separated T and B cells were reactive with the antibodies, but T cells were more sensitive to the antibody and complement than B cells. Virtually all cells in cultures of cells activated in the mixed lymphocyte reaction or by Concanavalin A were reactive with the monoclonal antibodies. Direct plaque-forming cells were completely eliminated by the monoclonal antibody and complement. By absorption tests, cells from all organs tested so far (thymus, lymph node, spleen, bone marrow, brain, kidney and liver) were shown to express the Ly-m6 determinant. Tumor cell lines with T, B or stem cell characteristics were reactive with the monoclonal antibody by direct cytotoxicity and absorption assays. PMID- 6968718 TI - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease: a cross sectional microbiological investigation. AB - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a facultative gram-negative bacterium which has been associated with severe oral and nonoral infections. This study examined its occurrence in the oral cavities of 10 normal juveniles, 11 normal adults, 10 juvenile periodontitis patients, and 12 adult periodontitis patients. Four deep periodontal pockets and two normal periodontal sites were sampled in the diseased patients, and six normal periodontal sites were sampled in the healthy individuals. In all subjects samples were obtained from the cheek, tongue, and saliva. Samples from a total of 172 normal periodontal sites, 83 deep periodontal pockets, 42 cheek mucosae, 42 tongue dorsa, and 42 salivas were examined. Isolation was performed by using a medium for selective isolation of A. actinomycetemcomitans (Trypticase soy agar [BBL Microbiology Systems] supplemented with 10% serum and 75 mug of bacitracin per ml). The carrier rates were 20% for normal juveniles, 36% for normal adults, 50% for adult periodontitis patients, and 90% for juvenile periodontitis patients. A. actinomycetemcomitans was on average recovered in about fivefold-higher numbers from infected deep periodontal pockets than from infected normal subgingival areas. Samples of periodontal pockets generally contained 100-fold-more cells of A. actinomycetemcomitans than did samples of the cheek, tongue, and saliva. A. actinomycetemcomitans is commonly isolated from patients with juvenile periodontitis, often isolated from patients with adult periodontitis, and occasionally isolated from normal juveniles and adults. Its primary oral ecological niche appears to be dental plaque and periodontal pockets. PMID- 6968720 TI - Rat mast cell degranulation triggered by murine anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - Triggering of rat mast cell degranulation by murine anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) was investigated, using rat passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reactions as the method of evaluation. It was shown that the interaction between isologous murine anti-Id directed against anti-benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) antibodies and BPO-specific IgE molecules on the cell surface can induce PCA reactions on rats. The mechanism of cell activation by anti-Id was briefly discussed. PMID- 6968721 TI - Repair of potentially lethal damage in unfed plateau phase cultures of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. I. Suspension cultures. AB - Plateau phase EAT-cells have been irradiated at different times in the plateau phase and their ability to repair PLD has been measured. A large capacity to repair PLD has been observed if the cultures are kept in the plateau phase for some hours after irradiation before diluting and plating to measure the survival. In combination with theoretical considerations we concluded that almost all the PLD produced under these conditions can be repaired. The reaction rate of this repair is independent of the dose and the age of the culture. The results also indicate that PLD repair is independent of the intercellular contact of EAT cells. PMID- 6968722 TI - Influence of daunorubicin on the survival of X-irradiated mammalian cells. AB - Incubation with daunorubicin at concentrations having low toxicity decreases the survival of rat hepatoma (H4) cells irradiated in vitro with X-rays or gamma rays. The radiosensitivity is modified whether the cells are incubated with the drug for 1 hour prior to or immediately after irradiation. The decrease in the DO is greater in the case of plateau cells than in the case of exponentially growing cells. The repair of sublethal damage is not influenced by the drug. However daunorubicin inhibits the repair of potentially lethal damage. PMID- 6968719 TI - Role of antibody response in recovery from K-papovavirus infection in mice. AB - Intraperitoneal inoculation of mouse K papovavirus into infant (2 to 4 days old) Swiss albino mice produced a high-titered viremia which persisted until death due to pneumonitis on day 9 postinfection. Lungs and livers of these mice had virus specific immunofluorescence and histological lesions. K-virus antibody was undetectable. Three- to four-week-old mice, although as susceptible to infection as infant mice, remained healthy and developed a much lower-titered viremia, a transient lung infection, and K-virus antibody on 4 to 5 days postinfection. Three- to four-week-old mice treated with cyclophosphamide developed a high titered viremia with death 10 to 17 days postinfection and no detectable antibodies. A single intraperitoneal inoculation of K-virus antibody at 5 h or 1 day postinfection completely protected the infant Swiss albino mice. Partial protection was achieved when antibody was transferred on days 2, 3, and 4 postinoculation. Transfer of antibody to cytoxan-treated Swiss albino mice on days 3 and 6 postinfection completely portected them against K-virus-induced lesions and mortality. Transfer of normal adult BALB/c splenocytes to syngeneic infant mice before K-virus infection did not protect from death but increased survival time. Transfer of 4- to 12-day K-virus-primed adult splenocytes before infection gave a nearly 100% protection. When given before infection, the protection afforded by T-cell-enriched and B-cell-enriched adult primed splenocytes was 0 and 100%, respectively. Transfer of primed B cells on day 1 post-inoculation completely protected the infant mice. This protection decreased to 86, 57, and 56% when the primed B cells were transferred on days 2, 3, and 4 post-inoculation, respectively. These data suggest that the antibody response is of critical importance in the recovery of mice from K-virus infection. Antibody probably acts by aborting viremia, thereby preventing extensive seeding of lungs with virus. PMID- 6968723 TI - Studies of lipid peroxide formation in irradiated synthetic diets and the effects of storage after irradiation. AB - The effect of irradiation doses of gamma-rays or electrons within the range 100- 2000 krad has been studied on lipid peroxide formation in artificial food mixtures containing lard, corn oil or herring oil mixed with starch, casein or other proteins. Lipid peroxide formation after irradiation was very low in lard: starch or corn oil: starch mixtures but very large concentrations of peroxide were formed in irradiated herring oil: starch mixtures. This was mainly a result of the occurrence of the highly unsaturated C20:4, C20:5 and C22:6 fatty acids in the herring oil which readily form lipid peroxide. Lipid peroxide formation immediately after irradiation was much lower after doses of electrons given at a high dose-rate than after similar doses of gamma-rays given at low dose-rates but it increased rapidly in the samples irradiated with electrons during the period immediately following irradiation. Lipid peroxide formation changed rapidly during post-irradiation storage and was dependent on the type of radiation, the dose, the dose-rate, the time after irradiation and the temperatures of the post irradiation storage. The concentration of peroxide in mixtures irradiated with gamma-rays formed after 2--3 days post-irradiation storage was dose-rate dependent and much greater after irradiation with gamma-rays given at a very low dose-rate than with gamma-rays given at a high dose-rate. Lipid peroxide increased after irradiation much more rapidly at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C or 21 degrees C but all irradiated samples a maximum concentration of peroxide was eventually formed, the time delay being temperature dependent. After reaching a maximum, the concentrations of both hydroperoxides and aledhyde breakdown products in all irradiated samples steadily fell to relatively low values. Peroxide yields were greater if the fat was dispersed in an inert medium such as starch than when irradiated in the pure form and were also dependent on the presence of water in the dispersant medium. Proteins such as casein or ovalbumin inhibited lipid peroxide formation in unsaturated fats. PMID- 6968724 TI - Effects of antioxidants on lipid peroxide formation in irradiated synthetic diets. AB - The effect of the antoxidants, vitamin E, propyl gallate (PG), 2-t-butyl-4 methoxy phenol (BHA), 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methoxy phenol (BHT), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and diphenyl-p-phenylene diamine (DPPD) in concentrations ranging between 0.001 per cent and 0.1 per cent have been tested on lipid peroxide formation in synthetic diet mixtures containing herring oil (10 per cent) mixed with starch (90 per cent) irradiated with gamma-ray doses of 100-2000 krad. On a weight basis NDGA, DPPD, BHA and BHT were most effective and vitamin E and propyl were least effective. An antioxidant concentration of 0.01 per cent normally protected against peroxide formation after a dose of 500 krad but if the dose was increased to 1000 or 2000 krad, much higher doses of antoxidant, up to 0.1 per cent, were required to give protection. Antioxidants prevented peroxide developing during post-irradiation storage even when added after irradiation. Antioxidants were partially or completely destroyed by irradiation with doses of 100 krad or more. The percentage of total antioxidant destroyed depended on the concentration; much greater destruction occurred in dilute solutions than in concentrated solutions. Vitamin E and propyl gallate were most sensitive whereas NDGA was relatively resistant. Antioxidant destruction was much enhanced if irradiation was carried out in presence of herring oil. Free radicals formed in unsaturated fatty acids of the herring oil are believed to be responsible. Lecithin and citric acid, which have been described as antioxidant synergists when added with vitamin E, caused a limited enhancement of its antioxidant action against radiation-induced peroxidation. PMID- 6968725 TI - The effect of low exposure-rate gamma irradiation on T and B lymphocyte function in the mouse. AB - The effect of chronic irradiation on T and B cell numbers and function was studied in mice. Cobalt 60 gamma radiation at 6 R/hour reduced the numbers of anti-SRBC PFC in the spleen, with minimal levels recorded after total exposures of 1000-2000 R. Recovery was incomplete after 1000 R, reaching only 40-50 per cent of normal in four months and remaining at that level for the animal's lifetime. The long-term deficiency in PFC formation was not due to a quantitative lack of T or B cells since normal cell numbers were observed in the spleen 60-144 days after 1000 R. Adoptive transfer studies with combinations of bone marrow and thymus cells, or of splenic T and B cells, from normal and irradiated mice, revealed functional defects in both cell compartments during the first two months. Normal and near normal function of T and B cells occurred 100 days postirradiation, a time when the splenic in vivo response was still only 50 per cent of the controls. The latter observation suggests that the microenvironment of the chronically irradiated spleen alters factors regulating T and B cell interactions in response to a T-dependent antigen. PMID- 6968726 TI - Correlation of cell cycle parameters with radiation sensitivity in a series of murine L5178Y cells. AB - The X-ray dose--response parameters (Do, n and Dq) of 10 strains of murine L5178Y cells spanning a wide range of radiation sensitivities were characterized. The proportions of cells residing in G1, S and G2 + M phases of the cell cycle in exponentially growing cell populations were estimated using DNA microfluorometric techniques. The radiosensitive strains contained a lower proportion of cells in G1 phase and a somewhat larger proporation of cells in S phase than did the radioresistant strains, reflecting a direct correlation between radioresistance and the duration of G1 phase (and possibly an inverse correlation with the duration of the S phase) in these closely related cell strains. These results are discussed in terms of the putative role of G1 in governing radiosensitivity of cells and tumours. PMID- 6968727 TI - DNA of HeLa cells during caffeine-promoted recovery from X-ray induced G2 arrest. AB - Progression of X-irradiated HeLa cells from G2 arrest through mitosis was promoted by 1mM caffeine. Caffeine promoted the return from abnormally high levels of radiation-induced immunoreactivity to antinucleoside antibodies, which indicates persistent DNA strand separation, to the low levels normally found in G2. With caffeine, the irradiated cells progressed through mitosis, producing daughter cells with the normal G1 content of DNA. Without caffeine, the DNA content of individual radiation-arrested cells retained G2 values and the abnormally high levels of immunoreactivity to antinucleoside antibodies. PMID- 6968728 TI - The effect of anaesthesia on the radiosensitivity of rat intestine, foot skin and R-1 tumours. PMID- 6968729 TI - Effect of heat and radiation on human lymphocytes. PMID- 6968730 TI - Incorporation of tritium into organic compounds of brain. PMID- 6968731 TI - Are ortho-substituted 4-nitroimidazoles a new generation of radiation-induced arylating agents? PMID- 6968732 TI - The approximation in the formulation for survival S=exp-(alpha D + beta D2). PMID- 6968733 TI - High dose-rate dependence of early skin reaction in mouse. AB - Early skin reactions in the legs of mice were studied as a function of average and instantaneous dose rate. A dose-rate dependence of the reaction score was found at instantaneous dose rates higher than 10(7) rad/min, regardless of the average dose rate. The skin reaction was greatest at an instantaneous dose rate of around 10(8) rad/min. The 95 per cent significance of the instantaneous dose rate dependence was confirmed by the Mann-Whitney rank-order test (U-test). PMID- 6968734 TI - Chemical damage in gamma-irradiated human erythrocyte membranes. AB - In air saturated suspensions of erythrocyte ghost membranes gamma-irradiation causes formation of lipid peroxides, measured as malonaldehyde, and a loss of membrane protein sulphydryl groups. Addition of N-(p-amino-benzoyl)-1-glutamate prevented peroxidation up to doses of 2 x 10(3) Gy, due to scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. Another hydroxyl scavenger sodium formate, also prevented peroxidation at low doses, but lost its protective effect at higher doses probably because of secondary reactions of the resulting superoxide radical anion. Two sulphur containing radioprotectants also were able to reduce the extent of lipid peroxidation. The enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase were added to the irradiated suspensions in order to determine the contribution from hydrogen peroxide and superoxide to peroxidation. The extents of peroxidation are compared with structural modification of the membrane under the same conditions of irradiation. PMID- 6968735 TI - Radiosensitivity and repair of radiation damage in human HF19 fibroblasts. AB - Survival curves of HF 19 fibroblasts exhibit a continuous curvature, whether the cells are irradiated in exponential growth phase or in plateau phase and whether plating occurs immediately after irradiation or is delayed. The quadratic model is well suited for the fitting and the comparison of the curves obtained under different conditions. At the survival level of 10(-4), the split-dose method leads to the demonstration of the repair of sublethal damage by growing cells. By combining the split-dose method with delayed plating, we could demonstrate that plateau phase cells repair both sub-lethal as well as potentially lethal damage to a great extent. The parameters of the survival curve of fibroblasts irradiated in plateau phase and plated 24 hours later are similar to those of a large number of mammalian cell lines. When the results are fitted with the quadratic model, it is seen that delayed plating of plateau phase cells results in a proportional reduction of the parameters alpha and beta, suggesting that repair involves the damage corresponding to the two mechanisms described by the quadratic model and affects them to the same extent. PMID- 6968736 TI - Lymphocyte lifetime in the rabbit measured by the decline in radiation-induced chromosome damage. AB - The life span of rabbit lymphocytes carrying radiation-induced chromosome aberrations has been studied by following the decline in aberration frequency as a function of the time after irradiation. Female rabbits were given a whole body X-ray dose of 300 rad. The day before exposure and at 2 hours, 14, 28, 42, 56, 84, 140, 250 and 500 days thereafter, blood samples were taken from a marginal ear vein of each animal. A plot of log abnormalities against time suggests an exponential decline for dicentrics and fragments up to 140 days, the half time for dicentrics and fragments being 70 and 46 days respectively. The results of the present investigation thus demonstrate that because of their shorter life span, in vivo observations on aberrations in rabbit lymphocytes are not suitable for extrapolation of information on chronic exposure to man. PMID- 6968737 TI - Superoxide dismutase and radiation-induced haemolysis: no benefit of its increased content in red cells. AB - The sensitivity of human erythrocytes with normal and increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was compared under different types of oxidative stress. Red blood cells with increased SOD activity were more resistant to haemolysis induced by photoactivated riboflavin but no more resistant to radiation-induced haemolysis and acetylphenylhydrazine stress. These results indicate a negligible role of O(2) in mediation of the haemolytic action of ionizing radiation. PMID- 6968739 TI - Rejoining capacity of DNA breaks induced by accelerated carbon and neon ions in the spread Bragg peak. PMID- 6968738 TI - Iodine-125-labelled tamoxifen is differentially cytoxic to cells containing oestrogen receptors. PMID- 6968740 TI - Effect of low pH on the mitotic delay induced in sea urchin eggs by X- or U.V. irradiation, ethidium bromide or puromycin. PMID- 6968741 TI - Efficacy of nickel ferrocyanide-anion exchange resin for reducing egg contamination with 137Cs in laying Japanese quails. PMID- 6968742 TI - The frequency of micronuclei as a measure of cell survival in irradiated cell populations. PMID- 6968743 TI - Oxacillin for bacterial endophthalmitis: subconjunctival, intravenous, both, or neither? AB - We compared the intraocular concentrations of oxacillin given by continuous intravenous infusion, subconjunctival injection, or combined therapy in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. At equilibrium during intravenous infusion, concentrations in the aqueous humor, cornea, and choroid-retina were 25% to 30% of the serum level; in contrast, vitreous levels were only 2% of the serum concentration. Subconjunctival injection produced extremely high levels in the cornea and aqueous and moderate concentrations in the choroid-retina; vitreous penetration remained poor (<1 microgram/ml). Combined therapy offered little advantage in terms of concentrations in the aqueous or cornea and had a modest effect on levels in the choroid-retina. Vitreous concentrations showed a striking relation to serum levels with all regimens, including subconjunctival ones; although this could have been fortuitous, it suggests an important role for the hematogenous route in this model. Only those modes of delivery producing serum concentrations greater than 50 micrograms/ml consistently resulted in vitreous levels greater than 0.4 microgram/ml. The optimal therapy of bacterial endophthalmitis may require direct intravitreal injection of antibiotic. PMID- 6968744 TI - Initial experience with mesocaval H grafts: comparison with other portosystemic shunts. AB - Two policies concerning portosystemic shunt for bleeding esophageal varices were compared. In 18 patients, splenorenal or portocaval shunts were performed according to anatomic and hematologic considerations. In 13 patients, only mesocaval H grafts were performed. In the latter group, more patients had poor liver reserve and required urgent surgery. Accordingly, early and late mortality and morbidity were higher in these patients. the technical ease of performance of the mesocaval H graft did not cancel out increased risk in poorer candidates for surgery. PMID- 6968745 TI - Comparative antibacterial properties in vitro of seven olivanic acid derivatives: MM 4550, MM 13902, MM 17880, MM 22380, MM 22381, MM 22382 and MM 22383. AB - Streptomyces olivaceus ATCC 31365 produces a family of novel beta-lactam antibiotics collectively referred to as the olivanic acids. Seven such compounds, MM 4550, MM 13902, MM 17880, MM 22380, MM 22381, MM 22382 and MM 22383 have been identified which have the same carbapenem nucleus but with different side chains attached to the nucleus. The compounds with an (8S) hydroxyethyl substituent and cis-orientated beta-lactam protons, MM 22380 and MM 22382, and their sulphate esters, MM 17880 and MM 123902, are potent antibiotic with MIC values against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the range 0.1 3.1 microgram/ml. The corresponding (8S) hydroxyethyl compounds with trans-beta-lactam protons, MM 22381 and MM 22383, also have broad-spectrum activity but are rather less potent than the cis-compound. In addition to their antibiotic activity, the olivanic acids inhibit a number of beta-lactamases and enhance the activity of beta lactams such as amoxycillin against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. Significant differences are observed both in antibacterial activities and in beta lactamase inhibition properties when the olivanic acids are compared with the related thienamycin antibiotics which have (8R) rather than (8S) stereochemistry and trans-beta-lactam protons. PMID- 6968746 TI - In vitro synergistic properties of clavulanic acid, with ampicillin, amoxycillin and ticarcillin. PMID- 6968747 TI - Differences in antibiotic susceptibility between Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. PMID- 6968748 TI - Bacteroides bivius and Bacteroides disiens in obstetrical patients: clinical findings and antimicrobial susceptibilities. PMID- 6968749 TI - Tetracyclin-stimulated expression of ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Tetracycline at a low concentration stimulated the expression of ampicillin resistance in certain strains of Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6968750 TI - Nuclear estrogen receptors. Effect of inhibitors on processing and steady state levels. PMID- 6968752 TI - Non-invasive treatment of ununited fractures of the tibia using electrical stimulation. AB - A non-invasive method of electrical stimulation of healing in ununited fractures of the tibia by pulsed magnetic fileds has been evaluated. In a series of 17 patients all but two of the fractures united within 4 to 10 months, with an average time of just under six months. The method is sufficiently promising to merit further clinical investigation. PMID- 6968751 TI - The active site of C3a anaphylatoxin. AB - The essential active site responsible for the inflammatory activities of C3a, an anaphylatoxin derived from the serum complement system, has been elucidated using C3a peptides synthesized by the solid phase method and assayed for their ability to contract guinea pig ileal tissue and to produce a wheal and flare response in human skin. The COOH-terminal C3a pentapeptide (Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg) common to rat, pig, and man shows vascular and smooth muscle activity as well as specificity similar to natural human C3a. The porcine C3a octapeptide is 3 times more active than the common pentapeptide, but the human octapeptide (Ala(70)-Ser His-Leu(73)-Gly-Leu(75)-Ala-Arg(77) is 12 times more active than the pentapeptide. Replacement of the serine and histidine by alanine or acetylation of the NH2 terminus provides analogues with the same activity as the octapeptide. Thus, the increased activity of the human C3a octapeptide over the pentapeptide appears to be related to the backbone of residues 70 to 72 and is not due to the presence of the hydroxyl group of serine-71, the imidazole ring of histidine-72, or a positive charge at or near the NH2 terminus. Since the COOH-terminal tetrapeptide is 40 times less active than the pentapeptide, an adequate model of the essential active site of C3a anaphylatoxin is the common COOH-terminal pentapeptide region. A C3a active site analogue containing a COOH-terminal lysyl residue is devoid of ileal activity. In addition, the [alanine-73]pentapeptide is 9 times less active and the [alanine-75]pentapeptide is at least 70 times less active than the active site pentapeptide in the ileal assay. Thus, the hydrophobic side chains of leucine-73 and leucine-75 and the guanidinium group of arginine-77 are important for the contractile activity of the active site COOH terminal pentapeptide of human C3a anaphylatoxin. PMID- 6968753 TI - Total synthesis of beta-lactamase inhibitors based on the 4-oxa-1-aza bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one ring system. PMID- 6968754 TI - Non-type b Haemophilus influenzae infections in adults with reference to biotype. AB - We report three cases of serious non-group b Haemophilus influenzae infections. The significance of these isolates with respect to both biotypes and serotypes is discussed. PMID- 6968755 TI - New biochemical marker for bone metabolism. Measurement by radioimmunoassay of bone GLA protein in the plasma of normal subjects and patients with bone disease. AB - gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein of bone (BGP) is an abundant noncollagenous protein of mammalian bone. BGP has a molecular weight of 5,800 and contains three residues of the vitamin K-dependent amino acid, gamma carboxyglutamic acid. We have applied a radioimmunoassay based on calf BGP for the measurement of the protein in the plasma of 109 normal humans and 112 patients with various bone diseases. BGP in human plasma was demonstrated to be indistinguishable from calf BGP by assay dilution studies and gel permeation chromatography. The mean (+/- SE) concentration of BGP in normal subjects was 6.78 (+/- 0.20) ng/ml, 7.89 (+/- 0.32) for males and 4.85 (+/- 0.35) for females. Plasma BGP was increased in patients with Paget's disease of bone, bone metastases, primary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, and osteopenia. Plasma BGP did correlate with plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) in some instances, but there were dissociations between the two. It was additionally observed that patients with liver disease had normal plasma BGP despite increased plasma AP, a reflection of the lack of specificity of AP measurements for bone disease. Our studies indicate that the radioimmunoassay of plasma BGP can be a useful and specific procedure for evaluating the patient with bone disease. PMID- 6968756 TI - External quantification of myocardial perfusion by exponential infusion of positron-emitting radionuclides. AB - A technique was developed and evaluated using the exponential infusion of positron-emitting diffusible tracers to quantitate myocardial perfusion. The approach employs a parameter that rapidly reaches a constant value as a function of tracer delivery rate, isotope decay constant, and the monotonically increasing tissue radioactivity. Isolated rabbit hearts with controlled flow were used to evaluate the approach, because tracer kinetics in such preparations mimic those in vivo. Accordingly, exponential infusions of H2 15O and [11C]butanol were administered to 25 isolated rabbit hearts perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution (KH) alone or KH enriched with erythrocytes (KH-RBC, hematocrit = 40). With flow varied from 1.2 to 5 ml/g per min in eight KH hearts infused with H2 15O, actual and estimated flow correlated closely (r = 0.95, n = 52 determinations). For the KH-RBC hearts, flow was varied from 0.3 to 1.5 ml/g per min. Actual and estimated flow correlated significantly for both the 14 KH-RBC hearts infused with H2 15O (r = 0.90, n = 89 determinations) and the 3 KH-RBC hearts infused with [11C]butanol (r = 0.93, n = 13 determinations). In addition, the required exponentially increasing arterial tracer concentrations were shown to be attainable in vivo in dogs and rhesus monkeys after intravenous exponential administrations of tracer. The results suggest that the approach developed employing exponential tracer infusion permits accurate measurement of myocardial perfusion and that it should prove useful in the noninvasive measurement of regional myocardial perfusion in vivo by positron emission tomography. PMID- 6968757 TI - Antibody to synthetic poly dAT: correlation with antibody to native DNA and specificity for SLE. AB - Antibodies to synthetic 3H-poly dAT have the advantage over antibody to native DNA in that they have a higher degree of specificity for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This is because poly dAT eliminates the problem of measurement of single stranded antibodies that are not specific for any one condition but which may be detected by native DNA preparations which usually contain single stranded regions. The overall degree of correlation between the two antibodies is good in SLE. Antibodies to poly dAT correlate well with clinical evidence of disease activity but in this study were not particularly associated with the presence of renal disease. PMID- 6968758 TI - Beta-lactamase production by Campylobacter jejuni. PMID- 6968759 TI - Reciprocal synapses between hair cells and first order afferent dendrites in the crista ampullaris of the bullfrog. AB - Reciprocal synapses were found between afferent dendrites and hair cells of the crista ampullaris in the vestibular system of the bullfrog. The reciprocal synapse consisted of two components forming a dual synaptic complex between a single hair cell and a single dendritic process such that the receptor cell was both presynaptic and postsynaptic to the afferent dendrite. The first component, a typical afferent synaptic complex, consisted of a synaptic sphere surrounded by a single layer of clear vesicles, and was located within the hair cell. In addition, 3-4 arciform structures were located between the sphere and the plasma membrane of the hair cell. The second component of the reciprocal synapse, located approximately 1.5 micron from the first, was recognized by a localized accumulation of clear membrane vesicles within the neuronal process and a short membrane profile within the cytoplasm of the adjacent hair cell. Additional characteristic features included continuity of the arciform structures with the plasma membrane of the hair cell, and within the neuronal process, a greatly reduced number of vesicles when compared with the efferent axonal terminal. This latter was important in distinguishing a first-order afferent dendritic process from an efferent neuronal process. The possible functional significance of these reciprocal synapses has been discussed in terms of the two components having an opposite effect on the membrane polarization of the hair cell. PMID- 6968760 TI - Normal dendritic morphology of frog spinal motoneurons: a Golgi study. AB - Normal dendritic morphology of frog (Rana pipiens) lumbar motoneurons was studied using Golgi silver impregnation. Branching characteristics and quantitative measurements of dendrites were obtained using computer-aided serial reconstruction of a typical lumbar motoneuron over seven adjacent 80-micrometer transverse sections. Dendrites were classified based upon site of dendrite origin from the soma and distribution of the dendritic array within the spinal cord. Eight possible sites of dendritic origin from the soma were identified. Two dendrites, D1 and D2, are planar dendrites which arise from the dorsal aspect of the soma. They are moderately complex, reaching branch order 5-6, and are oriented predominantly in the transverse plane. Input to these dendrites is primarily segmental via dorsal root projections. Three dendrites, D3, D4, and D5, arise laterally from the soma and extend through the lateral funiculus toward the subpial region. Two dendrites, D6 and D7, arise ventrally. D6 extends ventrolaterally and is a simple dendrite reaching branch order 3-4. D7 aborizes extensively in the ventral funiculus and in the central gray, reaching a branch order of 8-9. This dendrite extends rostrally and caudally over a distance of at lest 560 micrometer. Another dendrite (D8) arises from the medial aspect of the soma and projects toward the central canal. Four sites (D1, D2, D6, and D7) almost invariably give rise to dendrites. Dendrites arise at D4 in 66% of the cells examined. Dendrites are found at D3, D5, and D8 much less frequently (6 21%). Total dendritic length (12,043 micrometer) and lengths of the individual dendrites, branch length versus branch order, and number of branches at increasing radii were examined, and Sholl analysis was performed. PMID- 6968761 TI - Neostriatal dopamine and sensory inattention. AB - Damage to the mesotelencephalic dopamine-containing projection of rats results in a sensory inattention, characterized by impairments in orientation toward somatosensory, visual, and olfactory stimuli. The present experiments were performed to establish which branch of this dopaminergic system is responsible for these sensorimotor deficits. Two approaches were used. In the first, individual dopamine-innervated forebrain sites were damaged by localized 6 hydroxydopamine injection into, or by electrolytic lesions of, these regions. In the second, rats were given tegmental 6-hydroxydopamine injections that damaged the entire mesotelencephalic projection and subsequently received intracerebral injections of the dopamine agonist apomorphine into specific forebrain sites in an attempt to reinstate orientation. The results demonstrate that dopaminergic terminals in the neostriatum are critical for orientation. Unilateral neostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine injections or electrolytic lesions reduced orientation to contralateral touch, whereas similar damage to other dopamine-innervated forebrain structures did not. Further, the results suggest that dopaminergic terminals in the anterior neostriatum are especially important for orientation to touch of the rostral body surface while those in the posterior neostriatum are most critical for orientation to caudal touch. After damage to all branches of the mesotelencephalic dopaminergic system, orientation to touch was reinstated by injection of apomorphine into the neostriatum but not by injection into the other dopamine-innervated forebrain regions tested. PMID- 6968762 TI - Efficacy of troleandomycin in outpatients with severe, corticosteroid-dependent asthma. AB - Sixteen severe, corticosteroid-dependent yet resistant outpatient asthmatics were treated with troleandomycin (TAO), a macrolide antibiotic, in an attempt to both induce a clinical remission and reduce methylprednisolone requirements. Within the first 2 wk of initiating TAO therapy, 50% of the patients experienced a greater than 20% increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and 80% noted a greater than 20% increase in forced vital capacity between 25% and 75% (FVC 25%-75%). Maximal increases in FEV1 and FVC 25%-75% were noted in all patients within the first 6 wk on TAO and methylprednisolone. There was a concomitant clinical improvement in all patients. Corticosteroid-induced side effects, gastrointestinal tract discomfort, and elevated serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were common yet generally transient during TAO and methylprednisolone therapy. After a 4- to 18-mo follow-up 15/16 patients were well-controlled on TAO and methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone requirements were reduced at least four- to fivefold in most patients during TAO therapy. Normal morning serum cortisol levels were documented after varying intervals in most patients when both TAO (250 mg) and methylprednisolone (4 to 16 mg) could be reduced to alternate-day administration. Only one patient was forced to discontinue therapy due to side effects. The present study extends the effectiveness of TAO therapy to ambulatory asthmatics, establishes a clinical strategy that maximizes benefit/risk factors, and provides practical guidelines for the long-term use of TAO and methylprednisolone. PMID- 6968764 TI - Restoration of key grip and release in the C6 tetraplegic patient through functional electrical stimulation. PMID- 6968763 TI - The effect of troleandomycin on methylprednisolone elimination. AB - Troleandomoycin (TAO), a macrolide antibiotic, has an apparent "steroid-sparing" effect when used in the treatment of severe steroid-dependent asthma. This study was designed to investigate the effect of TAO on methylprednisolone elimination. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed before and 1 wk after starting TAO in 10 severe steroid-dependent asthmatics. Baseline total body clearance of methylprednisolone was 406 +/- 139 (mean +/- SD) ml/min/1.73 m2 and decreased significantly (p < 0.001) to 146 +/- 57 ml/min/1.73 m2 1 wk after TAO therapy was initiated. Methylprednisolone half-life was 2.46 +/- 0.75 hr before TAO and increased significantly (p < 0.01) to 4.63 +/- 1.35 hr after 1 wk on TAO therapy. A follow-up evaluation of methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics in three patients after at least 1 mo on TAO therapy demonstrated continuation of the reduced methylprednisolone elimination. TAO inhibition of methylprednisolone clearance may contribute to the beneficial effects observed initially with combined methylprednisolone-troleandomycin therapy in severe steroid-dependent asthma. PMID- 6968766 TI - Generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes to syngeneic tumors by using co-stimulator (Interleukin 2): in vivo activity. AB - Spleen cells from DBA/2J mice bearing the syngeneic tumor mastocytoma P815, incubated with co-stimulator (Interleukin 2) and P815 in vitro, were effective in killing P815 cells in vivo. Within 24 hr of injection, 1 X 10(7) cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) killed most of 1 X 10(6) P815 cells. The host response to the tumor 7 to 9 days after the initial tumor injection was also greatly enhanced in mice that had received CL. This effect was potentiated in sublethally irradiated mice. CL were effective in mice with large tumors, overcoming suppressive factors that might be present. Under certain conditions, a significant fraction of CL treated mice survived the P815 tumor indefinitely. These included i.p. CL given 2 days after a large dose (1 X 10(6)) of i.p. P815. In addition, some mice given i.v. and intra-tumor CL survived small doses (1 X 10(4)) of subcutaneous P815 cells. Long-term surviving mice remained resistant to challenge with 1 X 10(6) tumor cells (which is 10(4) times the normally lethal dose) for at lest 1 yr. No detrimental effects were noted even after injection of 5 X 10(7) CL per mouse. PMID- 6968765 TI - A "nonidiotypic" inhibition of influenza-immune H-2-restricted CTL by an anti-T cell serum. AB - A xenogeneic serum directed at alloimmune CTL is shown to block H-2-restricted anti-viral CTL activity. Extensive absorption studies with targets and effector cells indicate that the blocking is at the level of the CTL and not the target cells. Inhibition is demonstrated for influenza-specific cytotoxicity operating in the context of 3 distinct H-2 haplotypes, suggesting that the serum is not directed at antigen-recognition structures. Kinetic studies on the addition of RAT to an ongoing 51Cr release assay further support the hypothesis that inhibition is not operating via the idiotypic region of the antigen receptor. We suggest that RAT is specific for CTL surface structures involved in nonrecognition events--possibly the lytic sites or a conserved region (idiotype negative) of th antigen-binding receptor. PMID- 6968767 TI - Isolation and characterization of lymphocyte mitogenic factor released in vivo during a cell-mediated immune reaction in the guinea pig. AB - By use of a guinea pig model of delayed hypersensitivity to horseradish peroxidase (HRPO), it has been possible to characterize the rate of release of lymphocyte mitogenic factor (MF) in vivo after i.p. challenge immune animals with antigen. MF is present in peritoneal fluid of immune guinea pigs 4 to 12 hr after i.p. challenge with HRPO, before 2 other lymphokines, lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor for monocytes and macrophage migration-inhibitory factor, are released. The m.w. of MF generated in vivo and in vitro, as estimated by gel filtration, are similar, approximately 25,000. In vivo and in vitro MF are stable upon heating to 56 degrees C for 30 min. This observation that a mitogenic factor for lymphocytes is released early in vivo in a delayed hypersensitivity reaction gives support to the notion that its primary function in vivo may be to amplify cell-mediated immune reactions. PMID- 6968768 TI - Effect of castration on male-determined acceleration of autoimmune disease in BXSB mice. AB - The autoimmune disease of BXSB mice is markedly accelerated by a Y chromosome associated male-specific factor. In order to investigate the mechanism of this effect, we castrated male and female BXSB mice at 10 days of age and compared the course of development of their autoimmune syndrome with that of sham-operated, sex-matched, littermate controls. Orchiectomy did not delay the early onset of fatal immunopathology in males, and oophorectomy did not exacerbate the indolent progression of morbidity in females. We conclude, therefore, that the male specific effect that accelerates BXSB autoimmune disease is not hormonally mediated. PMID- 6968769 TI - Studies on hapten-specific B cell tolerance in vitro. I. The inductive phase of central B cell tolerance. PMID- 6968770 TI - Heterogeneity of Fc-receptors on guinea pig T lymphocytes. PMID- 6968771 TI - Different stimulating capacity of B and T lymphocytes in primary and secondary allogeneic reactions: cellular detection of HLA-D products on T lymphocytes. AB - The present study was undertaken to define the best way to produce and to test primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) cells using B- and T-enriched lymphocyte suspensions. Intrafamilial PLT cells were produced with primed unseparated and T purified lymphocytes against haplo-identical donors' T and B cells. These PLT cells were then restimulated with a panel of related or unrelated individuals' T and B cells and with allogeneic in vitro activated T cells. The best discrimination was obtained when PLT reagents, regardless of the production method, were restimulated by a B-enriched population of peripheral lymphocytes. Furthermore, the results have shown that enriched primed or unprimed T cell suspensions stimulated by enriched T lymphocytes did not give any proliferation. Experiments performed to explain the results led us to distinguish 2 different phenomena: in primary cultures, the addition of monocytes autologous to the responder cell restored the proliferation of enriched T cells stimulated by T lymphocytes. In secondary cultures, the addition of monocytes autologous to the PLT cell did not restore the proliferation of PLT lymphocytes stimulated by enriched T cells. This was shown to be due to the lack of Dr antigen on the stimulating cell: if allogeneically activated T cells were used as stimulating lymphocytes, a DR-specific proliferative response appeared. This correlates with serologic findings were DR determinants are found on activated T cells and not on unprimed T lymphocytes. However, this difference might be only quantitative, since peripheral lymphocytes could be primed by T cells and be DR specifically restimulated. PMID- 6968772 TI - Features of cells controlling H-2-restricted presentation of antigen to T helper cells in vivo. AB - Information was sought on the nature of cells presenting antigen (sheep red blood cells) in an H-2-restricted fashion to T helper cells in vivo. The approach used was to examine the capacity of F1 hybrid T cells to collaborate with parental strain B cells after prior positive selection of the T cells to antigen in irradiated parental strain mice in the presence of various sources of Thy 1 negative cells taken from F1 or parental strain mice. The results showed that H-2 restricted presentation of antigen to T cells is controlled by radioresistant, nylon-wool adherent. Thy 1-negative cells, which are enriched in spleen and peritoneal exudates, rare in lymph node cell suspensions, and undetectable in thoracic duct lymph; pretreatment in vitro with anti-Ia reagents directed either to I-A or I-E subregion determinants abolished antigen-presenting activity. These findings correlate closely with the known characteristics of cells that present antigen in vitro. Studies in which re-irradiated parent leads to F1 chimeras were used as hosts for positive selection suggested that nonhematopoietic cells do not play a discernible role in antigen presentation. PMID- 6968773 TI - Inhibition of T cells proliferation and SLE-like syndrome of MRL/1 mice by whole body or total lymphoid irradiation. PMID- 6968774 TI - Regulatory role of IgE-binding factors from rat T lymphocytes. IV. Formation of IgE-binding factors in rats treated with complete Freund's adjuvant. AB - Mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells from rats treated with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) spontaneously released soluble factors, which have affinity for IgE (IgE-binding factors). The factors were purified by absorption of culture filtrates of the lymphocytes with IgE-Sepharose followed by elution at acid pH. Purified IgE-binding factors selectively suppressed IgE-forming cell response of DNP-ovalbumin-primed MLN cells to homologous antigen without affecting the IgG2 response. Fractionation of purified IgE-binding factors on lentil lectin Sepharose showed that the majority of IgE-binding factors did not have affinity for lentil lectin, whereas a minor fraction was bound to the lectin-coupled beads. It was found that IgE-binding factors lacking affinity for lentil lectin suppressed IgE response, whereas those eluted from lentil lectin-Sepharose selectively enhanced IgE response. Serum of CFA-treated animals also contained both IgE-suppressive factor and IgE-potentiating factor, and the amount of the former factor was more than the latter. The source of IgE-suppressive factor is non-B lymphocytes. Depletion of Fc, receptor(+) lymphocytes in MLN cells from CFA treated animals did not affect the formation of IgE-suppressive factor, indicating that Fc epsilon R-bearing cells are not the source of the factor. PMID- 6968775 TI - Hapten-specific human T cell lines. I. Functional analysis with respect to cytotoxic and helper activity. AB - Human PBL cells, sensitized in vitro to TNP or FITC-modified autologous stimulators, have been successfully grown in long-term culture by using TCGF derived from PHA-activated tonsil cells. Long-term cultures consist almost exclusively of T lymphocytes as defined by the formation of spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and C-mediated lysis with heteroantibodies to human T cells (R alpha T H). The majority, but not all of these T cells, bear surface Ia antigens as detected by C-mediated lysis in the presence of alpha p23,30. Functionally, these cultures maintain high levels of hapten-specific cytolytic activity during many weeks of culture. In addition, a number of these T cell lines exhibit hapten specific proliferation when co-cultured with x-irradiated hapten modified autologous cells. During this proliferative response, helper factor(s) are released that trigger B cell differentiation into AFC. Data are presented that demonstrate that helper factor(s) production by T cell line cells is preferentially triggered by autologous, but nt allogeneic stimulator cells, bearing the relevant hapten. PMID- 6968776 TI - A monoclonal antibody (TA-1) reactive with human T lymphocytes and monocytes. AB - Several monoclonal antibodies were produced against the human T lymphocyte leukemia cell line HSB-2 by fusing spleen cells from hyperimmune mice with NS-1 myeloma cells. One clone, designated TA-1, was initially characterized for reactivity with normal and leukemic human hematopoietic cells. Using indirect immunofluorescence, TA-1 was shown to bind to approximately 75% of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Enrichment for T and B lymphocytes followed by double fluorochrome labeling studies revealed that most if not all E+ T lymphocytes and approximately 10% of B lymphocytes were TA-1+. TA-1 also reacted with approximately 67% of thymocytes, mixed lymphocyte culture-activated T lymphocytes, the entire peripheral blood monocyte population, and approximately 13% of nucleated bone marrow cells. TA-1+ cells in bone marrow included both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. TA-1 did not bind to peripheral blood granulocytes, red blood cells, or platelets. Studies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) revealed that 6 of 11 T-ALL and 1 of 21 E-, SIg--ALL were TA-1+, whereas cells from 10 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were TA-1-. Interestingly, TA-1 was able to distinguish acute myelomonocytic leukemic cells (TA-1+) from acute myelocytic leukemic cells (TA-1-). In summary, these studies demonstrate the existence of determinant recognized by TA-1 that is primarily expressed on cells of T lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage lineage. PMID- 6968777 TI - Lymphocyte activation by purified carrageenan. AB - The induction of polyclonal antibody production and mitogenic response by purified carrageenan was studied in vitro by using spleen cells. It was shown that kappa-CGN, lambda-CGN, and iota-CGN induced significant responses in mice, hamsters, and rats. The less purified CGN also exhibited the polyclonal antibody production in mice. In addition, purified CGN exhibited mitogenic action on B cells and to a lesser extent, on thymocytes. Polyclonal antibody responses induced by purified CGN were not affected by removal of T cells, adherent cells, or iron powder phagocytic cells. These results suggest that CGN may activate B cells resulting in polyclonal antibody responses. PMID- 6968778 TI - The glycolipid asialo GM1 as a new differentiation antigen of fetal thymocytes. AB - Antibody directed to the neutral glycolipid "asialo GM1" was found to react with the majority of thymus lymphoid cells lacking characteristic T cell markers in mice at an early embryonic stage (13 days of gestation). The proportion of these asialo GM1-positive cells (asialo GM1+ cells) decreased strikingly thereafter, contrasting with an increased fraction of lymphocytes possessing T cell surface markers such as Thy-1, Lyt-1, and Lyt-2. After about 18 gestational days, only a few asialo GM1+ cells were detected in the thymus as well as in other lymphoid organs. Double-staining analysis of the embryonic thymocytes (13 days of gestation) with anti-asialo GM1 and anti-Thy-1 demonstrated that thymocytes stained with anti-asialo GM1 did not react with anti-Thy-1, and vice versa. Morphologic examination by immunoelectronmicroscopy demonstrated that these asialo GM1+ cells were mainly composed of immature, large lymphoid cells having large nucleoli and relatively abundant cytoplasm with many polysomes. These results suggest that asialo GM1 is present on very early thymocytes and is lost as the mature murine T cell protein antigens Thy-1, Lyt-1, and Lyt-2 develop on these cells. The antibody to this glycolipid is a useful tool for studying embryonic thymic differentiation. PMID- 6968779 TI - Differentiation of human B cells expressing the IgA subclasses as demonstrated by monoclonal hybridoma antibodies. AB - Monoclonal hybridoma antibodies to the human IgA subclasses were produced by immunizing mice with purified myeloma proteins. These antibodies were shown to be specific for the appropriate IgA subclass by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) and by immunofluorescent staining of myeloma plasma cells and B cells from normal individuals. These antibodies were used to demonstrate age-related shifts in the proportions of IgA1- and IgA2-bearing B cells that could be correlated with 3 distinct staining patterns. In the newborn equal numbers of IgA1 and IgA2, B cells were found. These cells had only small amounts of surface IgA in a patchy distribution. They also expressed surface IgM. In the infant, large lymphoblastoid cells were observed that bore more IgA in a homogeneous pattern but did not express IgM. Of these cells, 98% were positive for IgA1. In the adult, 80% of the IgA B cells were positive for surface IgA1, and 20% were positive for IgA2. These were small lymphocytes brightly stained for IgA and negative for IgM. In culture, the adult B cells responding to pokeweed gave rise to roughly equal numbers of IgA1 and IgA2 plasma cells. These results suggest that there are equal numbers of precursor cells for IgA1 and IgA2 whose expansion, further differentiation, and migration are selectively affected by immunoregulatory controls. PMID- 6968781 TI - Age-related decline in the in vitro and in vivo syntheses of anti-tetanus toxoid antibody in humans. PMID- 6968780 TI - T lymphocytes in colostrum and peripheral blood differ in their capacity to form thermostable E-rosettes. AB - The cellular population of human breast milk collected within 5 days postpartum consists primarily of lipid laden polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, whereas lymphocytes comprise < 10% of the total cells. A discontinuous density gradient technique was developed to obtain highly enriched (75 +/- 6%) fractions of milk lymphocytes. The majority of milk lymphocytes are T cells as determined by their capacity to form rosettes at 4 degrees C with sheep erythrocytes (E). The lymphocytic origin of the rosetted cells was confirmed by morphologic evaluation of Wright-Giemsa-stained cytocentrifuge slides. A novel finding is that a large proportion of milk T lymphocytes form E-rosettes at 37 degrees C as well as at 4 degrees C. The capacity to form thermostable E-rosettes is not a general property of T lymphocytes in the postpartum period, since peripheral blood T lymphocytes from milk donors form few thermostable E-rosettes. In addition, peripheral blood lymphocytes did not acquire the capacity to form thermostable E-rosettes after density gradient centrifugation nor after incubation with autologous milk. The finding that T lymphocytes in milk form thermostable E-rosettes suggests that milk T lymphocytes may be activated or immature. In either case, these data support the concept that lymphocytes that home to the mammary gland are a select subset of the total lymphocyte population. PMID- 6968782 TI - Role of self carriers in the immune response and tolerance. VI. Induction and reversal of TNP-modified self unresponsiveness in vitro. AB - The involvement of T-suppressor cells in hapten-modified self unresponsiveness induced in vivo is well established. However, TNP-modified syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-SC) can block the anti-TNP PFC response of normal or nude spleen cells to TNP-immunogen in vitro, an effect that is apparently T cell-independent. In this study, we have used a 2-stage culture system in which both the induction of tolerance by irradiated syngeneic TNP-SC and the subsequent challenge with TNP immunogen take place in vitro to dissect the cellular events that lead to unresponsiveness. Our results show that not only are spleen cells precultured with TNP-SC tolerant to challenge, but that these cells are able to specifically suppress the response of freshly prepared normal spleen cells to the T independent antigens TNP-POL or TNP-LPS. Irradiation of the precultured cells abrogates the suppressor activity and rules out hapten carryover as the mechanism of suppression. Suppressor cells were able to inhibit the response of anti-Ba theta and C-treated spleen cells, suggesting that suppressor function is directed toward the B cell and/or accessory cells. Anti-Ba theta and C treatment of spleen cells before preculture with TNP-SC prevented the induction of both tolerance and suppression. Nylon wool-enriched T cells, on the other hand, could generate suppressor cells in response to TNP-SC. These results demonstrate that, like the in vivo situation, T cells are involved in the generation of this form of B cell tolerance in vitro. Implications relevant to the mechanisms of tolerance induction are discussed. PMID- 6968785 TI - Generation of H-2-restricted cytotoxic T cells by ultraviolet light-treated trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic cells: increased requirement for adherent cells. AB - Metabolically inactive (ultraviolet light- [UV] irradiated) cells are incapable of serving as allogeneic stimulators in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The reason for the requirement of metabolic activity is not known. Now we have used UV-irradiated, trinitrophenyl- (TNP) coupled syngeneic spleen cells as stimulators in vitro to generate TNP-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL). It was found that UV-irradiated cells were stimulatory only if adherent cells (nylon wool [NW] and carbonyl iron-adherent Thy-1-) were present in the responder cell population. Nonadherent allogeneic cells were also able to augment the CTL response to UV-irradiated stimulators, suggesting that the requirement for adherent cells can be replaced by the nonspecific stimulatory effects of a MLR. When spleen cells from mice primed in vivo with TNP-coupled syngeneic cells were used in vitro, it was noticed that UV-irradiated stimulators were able to induce as strong a secondary CTL response as metabolically active stimulators but this response was also entirely dependent on the presence of adherent cells in the responder cell population. As a summary, these results suggest that metabolically inactive haptenated stimulators do not present the necessary proliferative (?) stimulus to the CTL precursor cells, but this 'signal' can be mediated via the adherent cell population, thus offering an explanation for the significance of this cell type in CTL responses in vitro. PMID- 6968783 TI - Functional analysis of human T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies. I. Collaborative T-T interactions in the immunoregulation of B cell differentiation. AB - T-B and T-T interactions involved in the regulation of PWM-triggered human B cell differentiation were studied in vitro. Functionally distinct human T cell subsets were isolated by C-mediated lysis by using the monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8. Graded numbers of either untreated or irradiated T cell subsets were added to autologous B cells, and total antibody synthesis was measured after 5 to 6 days of culture by using a highly sensitive reverse hemolytic plaque assay. The data indicate that a) the helper activity that is exclusively contained within the OKT4+ population is radiosensitive. Only at high T/B ratios can this radiosensitivity be overcome; b) the OKT8+ population contains radiosensitive cells important in suppressing B cell differentiation, and c) the suppression induced with OKT8+ cells requires the presence of radiosensitive OKT4+ cells. Thus, OKT8+ cells added to cultures containing B cells and irradiated OKT4+ cells do not suppress the PFC response. Addition of unirradiated OKT4+ cells to these cultures permits reexpression of suppression by OKT8+ cells. It is concluded that two radiosensitive cells, one within the OKT4+ population and the other within the OKT8+ population, collaborate to induce suppression. Possible mechanisms for this suppressive interaction including induction of suppressor precursor cells within the OKT4+ population or inhibition of OKT4+ helper cells by OKT8+ cells are discussed. PMID- 6968784 TI - Polyclonal activation of immunoglobulin secretion in B lymphocytes induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan. AB - Staphylococcal peptidoglycan (PG) is a B cell mitogen and immunomodulator in mice. The ability of PG to induce the secretion of polyclonal antibodies in murine lymphocyte cultures was studied using the protein A hemolytic plaque assay. PG was as effective as or more effective than lipopolysaccharide as an inducer of polyclonal antibodies in spleen, lymph node, and bone marrow lymphocytes. The highest numbers of immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells were induced in the spleen, and the lowest in the bone marrow cell cultures. All major classes of Ig (IgM, IgG, and IgA) were induced, and the maximal numbers of Ig secreting cells were detected between days 4 and 5 of culture. The induction of Ig secretion by Pg was T cell, 2-mercaptoethanol, and to a large extent macrophage independent. PMID- 6968786 TI - Characterization of accessory cells required for helper T cell induction in vitro: evidence for a phagocytic, Fc-receptor, and Ia-bearing cell type. AB - The nature of the accessory cell type required for the in vitro induction of antigen-specific helper T (Th) cells to soluble antigen was determined. Two different sources of adherent accessory cells were investigated: peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and macrophages derived from bone-marrow cells (BMM phi), which were cultured for 8 days in vitro with colony-stimulating factor. PEC and BMM phi were rosetted with EA-SRBC and separated by sedimentation into Fc gamma receptor-positive and negative fractions. Only the Fc gamma receptor-positive fraction was active in Th-cell induction. By means of the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS-II), PEC or BMM phi were separated either into phagocytic and nonphagocytic, or Ia-positive and Ia-negative cell populations. Only phagocytic and Ia-positive accessory cells induced antigen specific Th cells. In conclusion, the accessory cell is adherent, phagocytic, carries Fc gamma-receptors and Ia products, and thus expresses the most important characteristics of the macrophage lineage. PMID- 6968787 TI - Cellular determinants of mammary cell-mediated immunity in the rat. I. The migration of radioisotopically labeled T lymphocytes. AB - Current theories about the cellular basis of mammary gland immunity are based primarily on the migratory behavior of B lymphocytes bearing intracytoplasmic IgA. These B cells presumably constitute an intestinal pool that circulates independently of the peripheral B cell pool and provides a source of plasma cell precursors for secretory tissues. The hypothesis of a common, yet independent, mucosal immune system has not been applied to mammary gland cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The present study was undertaken, therefore, to compare the migration of T lymphoblasts from gut-associated mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) with that of their counterparts recovered from cervical lymph nodes (CLN). When labeled with 3H-thymidine and adoptively transferred to lactating recipients, MLN and CLN T lymphoblasts demonstrated equal affinities for the mammary glands. This result suggests that the mammary gland can draw from both circulating pools of T cells (intestinal and peripheral). T cell migration to the mammary gland was found to increase 7- to 10-fold with the onset of lactation and remained high during the first 2 wk postpartum. Activation of MLN and CLN T cells by preculture with Con A greatly increased the proportion of large cells but not alter cell accumulation in mammary tissues. These results, discussed in the context of recent observations regarding T cell locomotion and circulating lymphocyte subsets, suggest that CMI in the mammary gland may not depend solely on oral immunization for its immunologic specificity. PMID- 6968788 TI - HLA variants of human lymphoblastoid cell lines as targets for cytotoxic T cells: analysis of CTL reactivity against 2 HLA-DR variants. PMID- 6968789 TI - Thymoma production of T cell growth factor (Interleukin 2). AB - Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate stimulates a subline of mouse EL-4 thymoma cells to produce, in vitro, in very high titer, T cell growth factor (Interleukin 2, IL 2). The EL-4-derived IL 2 has the same m.w. (30,000) and isoelectric point heterogeneity (pI 3.8-4.4) as the IL 2 produced by Con A-stimulated spleen cells. In addition, the thymoma-derived IL 2 exhibits the same spectrum of biologic activities as has been reported for spleen cell-derived IL 2. PMID- 6968790 TI - Biochemical and biologic characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. III. The isolation and phenotypic characterization of Interleukin-2 producing T cell lymphomas. AB - To isolate a stable tumor cell line source of Interleukin 2 (IL-2 formerly referred to as T cell growth factor), over 40 murine leukemia and lymphoma cells as well as 9 clonal helper and killer IL-2-driven T cell lines were screened for both constitutive and mitogen-stimulated IL-2 production. A radiation-induced splenic lymphoma from the B10.BR mouse, the LBRM-33 cell line, could be stimulated to produce over 1000 units/ml of IL-2 after 24 hr exposure to T cell mitogens. Peak IL-2 activity was found in supernatants harvested from 24-hr cultures of either 1% PHA or 20 micrograms/ml Con A-stimulated LBRM-33 cells (10(6) cells/ml). IL-2 production observed in both serum-free and serum containing cultures represented between 1000 and 5000 times the quantity of IL-2 produced in conventional cultures of mitogen-activated rat or mouse spleen cells. Peak IL-2 production by LBRM-33 cultures (stimulated at either optimal Con A or PHA concentrations or co-stimulated with suboptimal amounts of mitogen and phorbol myristate acetate) was consistently accompanied by LBRM-33 cell death. Phenotypic characterization of the producer cell revealed LBRM-33 cells to be Thy 1+, Ly 1+, Ly 2+, Ly 3+, Qa 2-3+, Qa 3.2+, Qat 4+, and Ly 5+. These studies provide further evidence that IL-2 is a T cell product and establish a source of IL-2 that will be a valuable reagent for the isolation and further molecular characterization of this immunoregulatory molecule. PMID- 6968791 TI - In vitro immune response of human peripheral lymphocytes. VI. Distribution and characterization of precursors for PHA- and protein A-induced colony-forming B cells. AB - B cells from peripheral blood or cord blood formed colonies by stimulation with either PHA or protein A. On the other hand, tonsillar B cells did not form protein A-induced colonies, although PHA-induced colony formation was comparable to that observed in peripheral B cells. Lack of protein A-induced colony formation in tonsillar B cells was not due to the defect of helper T cells in preculture or to the presence of suppressor cells but was due to the absence of precursors for colony formation. The result showed that PHA- and protein A induced colony-forming cells belonged to distinct subsets of B cells. Depletion of mu-bearing cells from peripheral B cells abrogated both PHA- and protein A induced colony formation. Depletion of delta-bearing cells did not affect PHA- and protein A-induced colony formation and the population enriched with delta bearing cells also showed colony formation. Depletion of complement receptor (CR) positive cells removed precursors for both PHA- and protein A-induced colony formation. These results showed that precursor cells for PHA- and protein A induced colony formation were IgM+, IgD+ and CR+ or IgM+, IgD- and CR+. PMID- 6968792 TI - Macrophage dependency of in vitro B cell response to influenza virus antigens. AB - Specific B cell responses to influenza viruses were induced by in vitro stimulation of spleen cells from normal or influenza-immune mice with inactivated influenza virus. Both primary and secondary responses to A/Pt Chalmers/73 (A/Pt Ch/73) and A/New Jersey/76 (A/NJ/76) viruses were detected in a hemolytic plaque assay, with peak numbers of specific plaque-forming cells (PFC) present after 4 days of incubation. Depletion of macrophages from BALB/c spleen cell suspensions by treatment with either carrageenan or carbonyl iron markedly reduced the primary and secondary B cell responses to influenza virus. The responses could be restored by reconstitution with either BALB/c or CBA/J macrophages. Specificity of the antibody response was demonstrated in cross-reaction experiments with A/Pt Ch/73 and A/NJ/76 viruses. Evidence of recall to A/NJ/76 virus was, however, found in A/NJ/76-immune spleen cells stimulated in vitro with A/Pt Ch/73 virus. Greatest in vitro stimulation of A/Pt Ch/73-immune spleen cells was produced with inactivated whole A/Pt Ch/73 virus preparations; specific responses were low or absent after stimulation with preparations of partially disrupted virus vaccine, a mixture of purified hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase antigens or soluble hemagglutinin containing similar amounts of viral HA antigen. This lack of response to A/Pt Ch/73 HA could not be overcome with A/NJ/76 whole virus together with purified A/Pt Ch/73 HA. PMID- 6968793 TI - Definition of a new T lymphocyte cell surface antigen, Ly 11.2. AB - The present communication defines a new cell surface antigen, Ly 11.2, which appears from its strain and tissue distribution to be distinct from all other previously defined normal or virally coded antigens or traits of the mouse. Lymphocytes of the T cell lineage, but not B cells or nonlymphoid cells, bear this marker. Although the locus coding for this antigen appears to be closely linked to the minor histocompatibility locus H-30 and to the locus coding for Ly 6.2, a chromosome assignment has not yet been made for my of these loci. PMID- 6968794 TI - Characterization of the responding populations for the generation of proliferative response to syngeneic Meth A tumor in BALB/c mice: requirement of T and B cell collaboration. AB - High levels of primary proliferative response to a chemically induced sarcoma Meth A can be induced in syngeneic BALB/c spleen cells. Testing at the peak of proliferative response (2 days after sensitization in the mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture), we found the responders to be resistant to anti-Thy 1.2 antibody lysis but susceptible to anti-Ia antibody lysis. When responders were subjected to various treatments before sensitization, it was found that removal of macrophages had no effect on the generation of proliferative response; high levels of proliferative response could be induced in enriched B cell preparations and in spleen cells from nude mice, but there was only a negligible amount of response in enriched T cell preparations. These findings indicate that the responders are primarily B lymphocytes. However, it was also found that the enriched B cell preparations usually gave only 50 to 75% of the response of whole spleen cells, whereas these B cells gave a 2- to 3-fold increase in the response to a B cell mitogen, LPS; this result indicate that collaboration from other types of lymphocytes was required for the generation of an optimal proliferative response to Meth A. Addition of 10% of T cells indeed produced a helper effect on this B cell response, and the maximal helper effect was seen for a mixture containing equal parts of T cells and B cells or for a slight T cell excess. These results indicate that the proliferative response to a syngeneic Meth A tumor is a macrophage-independent T-dependent B cell response. PMID- 6968795 TI - Human B lymphocyte colony responses. I. General characteristics and modulation by monocytes. AB - The present study investigated the ability of human B cell-enriched subpopulations to focally proliferate and form colonies in semisolid cultures after stimulation with staph protein A (SpA). After 6 days of incubation, cultures of B-enriched populations exhibited distinct colonies, the number being dependent on the concentration of SpA and the cell density. Optimal colony responses were 1.6 x 10(3) per 1 x 10(6) B lymphocytes, and greater than 83% of the colony-forming cells expressed surface immunoglobulin (sIg). The depletion of adherent monocytes from the B cell-enriched preparations decreased the colony responses approximately 3-fold compared with the nondepleted B cell populations. Adding optimal numbers of adherent monocytes to the monocyte-depleted B cells restored the colony responses; however, less augmentation was observed in single layer co-cultures containing greater than optimal numbers of monocytes. Identical experiments in double-layer semisolid cultures revealed that relatively greater numbers of monocytes were required to enhance B cell colony responses. Thus, progressively higher ratios of monocytes to B cells resulted in increasing numbers of colonies and failed to demonstrate the diminished colony responses observed in the single-layer system. These studies demonstrate that human B cells form distinct colonies when activated by SpA and that normal adherent monocytes modulate the magnitude of colony responses. Although monocytes predominately enhance B cell clonal differentiation, the evidence presented also suggests that, to a lesser extent, soluble inhibitory materials are elaborated. PMID- 6968796 TI - Human medullary and cortical thymocytes are distinguishable according to the presence or absence of cytochemically demonstrable acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity. PMID- 6968797 TI - 111Indium-labeled human alveolar macrophages and monocytes: function and ultrastructure. AB - Human alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were labelled with indium-111 (111In)-oxine in ethanol. The efficiency of labeling averaged 84% for macrophages and 74% for mononuclear cell preparations. Phagocytosis by macrophages, the release of colony stimulating factor activity (CSF) by macrophages, and chemotaxis by monocytes in response to human C5-derived chemotactic factor (C5fr) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP), were indistinguishable between labeled and unlabeled cells. Microscopically, labeled cells looked similar to control cells. Radioautography demonstrated 111In throughout the labeled cells, but there was a disproportionately high quantity over nuclei. These findings add to the growing literature indicating that 111In labels cells efficiently and that cells can retain function after being labeled with 111In. PMID- 6968798 TI - Mixed rosette assay for the detection of T mu and T gamma lymphocytes. AB - A mixed rosette assay is described for simultaneous detection of T lymphocytes and lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc Fragments of IgM (RFc mu) or IgG (RFc gamma) in unfractionated lymphocyte suspensions. For optimal detection of T lymphocytes, treatment of sheep erythrocytes with neuraminidase was necessary. ox erythrocytes labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and sensitized with either rabbit IgM or rabbit IgG anti-ox antibodies served as indicator erythrocytes for RFc mu or RFc gamma bearing lymphocytes. In periphral blood the percentage of RFc mu bearing lymphocytes was the same whether determined directly after isolation or after overnight incubation at 37 degrees C. Ratios of non-fluoresceinated sheep erythrocytes to senanti-ox antibodies served as indicator erythrocytes for RFc mu or RFc gamma bearing lymphocytes. In periphral blood the percentage of RFc mu bearing lymphocytes was the same whether determined directly after isolation or after overnight incubation at 37 degrees C. Ratios of non-fluoresceinated sheep erythrocytes to senanti-ox antibodies served as indicator erythrocytes for RFc mu or RFc gamma bearing lymphocytes. In periphral blood the percentage of RFc mu bearing lymphocytes was the same whether determined directly after isolation or after overnight incubation at 37 degrees C. Ratios of non-fluoresceinated sheep erythrocytes to sensitized fluoresceinated ox erythrocytes are critical in the mixed rosette assay; for simultaneous detection of T lymphocytes and RFc mu bearing lymphocytes 1 : 1, and for T lymphocytes and RFc gamma bearing lymphocytes 2 : 1. In both assays the rosette suspension was preincubated for 10 min at 37 degrees C and then centrifuged at 200 X g for 5 min. For optimal simultaneous detection of T lymphocytes and RFc mu bearing lymphocytes incubation at room temperature for at least 2 h was necessary and for T lymphocytes and RFc gamma bearing lymphocytes incubation at room temperature for at least 2 h was necessary and for T lymphocytes and RFc gamma bearing lymphocytes incubation at 4 degrees C for at least 2 h was essential. The percentages of RFc mu or RFc gamma bearing lymphocytes (T mu and T gamma respectively) in the T lymphocyte population determined by mixed rosette assay did not differ significantly from the percentages of RFc mu and RFc gamma bearing lymphocytes in lymphocyte suspensions enriched in T cells by E-rosette sedimentation. The mixed rosette assay is suitable for detection of T mu and T gamma cells in immune deficiency and auto-immune diseases and for analysis of the mononuclear cells in lymphoreticular malignancies. PMID- 6968799 TI - Colicin E1 plasmid as a probe for detection and study of anti-dna activity in SLE sera. AB - Tritiated colicin E1 plasmid DNA ([3H]DNA) was purified, characterized and developed as a test antigen for study of anti-DNA antibody activity in a modified Farr assay. The homogeneous molecular weight (4.2 X 10(6) daltons), physical state (intact covalently closed circles), and capacity for intrinsic radioactive labeling to a suitable specific activity were all important properties of the plasmid probe. In addition, the ability of the Farr assay to measure primary antigen/antibody interactions made quantitative determinations of anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody activity possible. Sonication of the plasmid resulted in definable fragments which were thermally denatured and used in the measurement of anti-single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) antibody activity. Results from studies in which unlabeled dsDNA, ssDNA, amd free 2'-deoxyribonucleotides were employed to inhibit binding of [3H]DNA by anti-DNA antibodies indicated the presence of 3 distinct anti-DNA specificities in SLE sera. PMID- 6968800 TI - Antigen-induced proliferation of murine T-lymphocytes in vitro. I. Characterization of the lymphocyte culture system. AB - The present report describes further improvements in the methodology for antigen specific T-lymphocyte activation in vitro. Following the experimental protocol, large numbers of enriched T-lymphocytes can be obtained from the draining lymph nodes of immunized mice after purification on a nylon column. These T-cells respond better to stimulation by the soluble immunizing antigen than do unfractionated lymph node cells. The magnitude of response, measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine, was dependent on culture conditions and percentage of macrophages added to the column-purified cells. The optimal specific proliferative response was achieved when lymphocytes were incubated with 50% spleen cells and then cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 2 mercaptoethanol (5 x 10(-5) M), sodium pyruvate (1 mM), AB+ human serum (5%) and syngeneic mouse serum (0.5%). Under the optimal culture conditions the lymphocytes undergo two successive cycles of proliferation as a result of antigen or mitogen stimulation. Thus, our studies have defined the culture conditions which can support extensive antigen-induced proliferation of T-cells easily obtained in large numbers. This in vitro system of antigen-specific T-cells from lymph nodes of immunized mice is most suitable for studies on the mode of T-cell activation. PMID- 6968801 TI - Functional antigen binding by the defective B cells of CBA/N x C3H/HeN F1 male mice. PMID- 6968802 TI - A syndrome with mixed deafness, Mozart ear, middle and inner ear dysplasias. AB - A 10-year-old boy presenting a disorder of multiple malformations with an otologic component consisting of mixed deafness, Mozart ear, thin stapes, small oval window and agenesis of the semicircular canals, was studied. A comparative analysis of similar malformation-entities has permitted the delineation of a previously undescribed syndrome. PMID- 6968803 TI - Meniere's disease, signs and symptoms. PMID- 6968804 TI - The value of noting the subject's sensations during bithermal caloric testing. PMID- 6968805 TI - Temporal bone studies in anencephaly. AB - The principal anatomical and histological features of the temporal bones of three anencephalics are described, one a twin-headed monster, with four temporal bones. These may be summarized as follows: Malformation of ossicles. Mondini type malformation of the cochlea. Occasionally cochlear hydrops or collapse of Reissner's membrane, following apparently on its rupture. Distension of the vestibular labyrinth and oedema of the perilymphatic spaces and membranes. Rupture of the saccular wall with 'sealing off' and repair of the tears and gaps by coagulated lymph material. Fibrous obliteration of the internal auditory meatus containing scanty nerves and neurones. Geniculate ganglion and facial nerve present and appear to be normally developed. The neuro-epithelial structures were well developed despite the total or partial absence of the central nervous system. The temporal bones of anencephalics offer an excellent source of comparative anatomy for the study of the pathology of Meniere's disease and sensorineural lesions. PMID- 6968806 TI - Cardiac surgery in the elderly. PMID- 6968807 TI - Acute coagulation defect during labor. PMID- 6968808 TI - Activation of sexual behaviour in castrated rats with the synthetic androgen 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-one (R 1881). AB - Castrated sexually inactive rats were treated with the synthetic androgen 17 beta hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-one (methyltrienolone, R 1881), testosterone benzoate (TB), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone benzoate (DHTB) or oestradiol benzoate (OB) and tested for sexual behaviour. The synthetic androgen, R 1881, was as potent as TB in stimulating sexual behaviour and OB stimulated all aspects of copulatory behaviour but DHTB had no significant effect. The synthetic androgen, R 1881, is not metabolized by target cells and rapid metabolism could explain the failure of DHTB to stimulate sexual behaviour. PMID- 6968809 TI - The effect of portacaval shunt on hyperlipidemia in rats. AB - Hyperlipidemia was induced in rats by feeding them cheese mixed with high levels of cholesterol. Triglyceride levels more than doubled from 70.4 +/- 25.8 mg/dl before the diet to 160.1 +/- 50.5 mg/dl three weeks after initiation of the diet, and cholesterol levels were increased by approximately 25% from 72.5 +/- 8.1 mg/dl to 98.9 +/- 18.5 mg/dl after three weeks of the diet. The effects of microsurgically created side-to-side and end-to-side portacaval shunts were then studied. Triglyceride levels were lowered to normal after either type of shunt (68.4 +/- 19.2 mg/dl in the side-to-side group and 58.1 +/- 25.7 mg/dl in the end to-side group) by four weeks after the creation of the shunt. Cholesterol levels tended to be slightly lower after either type of portacaval shunt, but did not return to normal. The mechanism by which the portacaval shunt reduced elevated triglyceride levels and, to a lesser extent, cholesterol levels is not clear, but hyperlipidemia induced by a high cholesterol diet in rats should be a useful model for further study of this question. PMID- 6968810 TI - Late clonal selection and expansion of the TEPC-15 germ-line specificity. AB - The maturation of the antibody response to phosphorylcholine (PC) in neonatal BALB/c mice was studied. A T cell-independent class 1 1 PC-antigen, 3-(p azophenyl phosphorylcholine)-N-acetyl-L-tyrosylglycylglycine lipopolysaccharide, was synthesized and used to immunize neonatal mice of different ages. The earliest anti-PC hemolytic plaque-forming response could be induced in 1-d-old neonates. Idiotype analysis on these early anti-PC antibodies showed that the response was not TEPC-15 dominant although TEPC-15-positive plaque-forming cells were detected. However, idiotype analysis of the anti-PC-LPS response in 7 d or older animals indicated that clonal dominance had been established. Similar results were obtained in splenic fragment culture with cells from neonatal livers and spleens. PC-specific precursors were detected in the liver of 1-d-old neonates, whereas the spleen of those animals contained no precursors for PC. Precursors for PC residing in the neonatal liver are not TEPC-15 dominant, whereas the splenic PC precursors of 5- to 6-day-old animals express the TEPC-15 idiotype dominatly. These findings demonstrate that during ontogeny PC-specific B cells appear before the TEPC-15 clone becomes dominant. Thus clonal dominance in the adult anti-PC response and late acquisition of the TEPC-15 specificity during ontogeny do not signify a particularly unique or direct relationship to the expression of genes encoded in the germline. PMID- 6968812 TI - Relative sensitivity of fetal and newborn mice to induction of hapten-specific B cell tolerance. AB - Mice were rendered tolerant to the hapten fluorescein (FLU) by a single injection of FLU-human gamma globulin (FLU5HGG) 2-3 d after birth or via the maternal circulation at 14.5 d of fetal life. After 7-9 d, the degree of functional nonresponsiveness induced in vivo among splenic FLU-specific B cells of tolerized mice was assessed by limiting-dilution analysis in vitro, and the serum levels of trace-labeled tolerogen were determined. When tolerogen was introduced before the appearance of any B cells, and was thus present during the pre-B to B cell transition stage, a concentration of 5.4 x 10(-13) M effectively silenced 50% of the clonable anti-FLU PFC precursors; but a similar reduction on newborns required a minimal tolerogen concentration of 1.3 x 10(-10) M, > 300-fold less than has previously been shown to equally affect adult B cells, but at least 240 fold more than in the in utero situation. Neonatally induced tolerance using a relatively high tolerogen dose lasted approximately 12 wk. PMID- 6968811 TI - T cell-dependent mast cell degranulation and release of serotonin in murine delayed-type hypersensitivity. AB - We have previously suggested that the release of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) (5-HT) by local tissue mast cells is required for the elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. In the current study, light microscopic radioautographs from animals treated with [3H]5-HT indicated that local mast cells released 5-HT between 6 and 18 h during the evolution of DTH. Ultrastructural examination of mast cells revealed surface activation, indicated by extension of surface filopodia, and degranulation by fusion and exocytosis. Light and electron microscopic studies of the endothelium of postcapillary venules at sites of DTH revealed the development of gaps between adjacent cells. The development of gaps permitted extravasation of tracers that was abolished by depletion or antagonism of 5-HT. Thus mast cells degranulated and released 5-HT in DTH, and this 5-HT acted on local vessels. Recipients of nonadherent, non immunoglobulin-bearing sensitized lymphocytes also demonstrated similar mast cell degranulation and the formation of endothelial gaps. This indicated that mast cell degranulation and 5-HT release in murine DTH were probably T cell dependent. PMID- 6968813 TI - Alloreactive and H-2-restricted Lyt 23 cytotoxic T lymphocytes derive from a common pool of antecedent Lyt 123 precursors. AB - If the collaborative requirement of Lyt 1 T helper cells is bypassed by the Lyt 1 T cell-derived mediator of T help, termed Il-2, upon antigenic stimulation, PNA+ Lyt 123 thymocytes differentiate into either alloreactive or H-2-restricted PNA- Lyt 23 cytotoxic effector cells. Along the differentiation pathway from Lyt 123 leads to 23 effector cells, cytolytic activity is carried out by T cells that still express the Lyt 123 phenotype. The data establish that Lyt 23 CTL are produced by differentiation from antecedent Lyt 123 cells. PMID- 6968814 TI - Novel surface antigen expressed on dividing cells but absent from nondividing cells. AB - Radioimmunoprecipitation followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to study the distribution on human lymphoid cells of a previously undescribed surface antigen recognized by several heteroantisera. A glycoprotein with a 90,000 mol wt (under reducing conditions) was detected on all cell lines tested including T, B, null, and myeloid cell lines, although the amount of antigen present varied considerably. The antigen was absent from normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), B and T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, thymocytes, and erythrocytes. After stimulation with lectins or allogeneic B cells, the antigen was induced on PBL T cells. A limited number of leukemic T cells tested all expressed the antigen, as did melanoma cell line and human embryonic lung fibroblasts. Hence, the antigen was present only on dividing lymphoid cells and absent from nondividing cells, but was also present on the two examples of dividing non-lymphoid cells tested. Under nonreducing conditions, the 90,000-mol wt band normally present disappeared to be replaced by another at approximately 200,000 mol wt. The glycoprotein bound to lectins from lentil and ricin, but not to wheat germ agglutinin. It could be readily labeled metabolically by [35S]methionine or by surface iodination, and appeared to be a major membrane protein on some cell lines. PMID- 6968815 TI - Mitogen-initiated synthesis and secretion of T cell growth factor(s) by a T lymphoma cell line. AB - Of 12 T-lymphoma cell lines investigated, one line, EL-4 azgr (Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, Lyt-2-3-,Ia-, T-200+, sIg-, and FcR-) and, to a lesser extent, the parental cell line, EL-4, produced T cell growth factor(s) (TCGF) when stimulated by the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). Induced production of TCGF-E was detected by 6 h and maximal at 18-24 h. Purified TCGF-E from this source had an approximately 30,000 mol wt and the biological activity of TCGF produced by whole spleen cells, including: augmentation of T cell-mitogen responses, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) proliferation support dependence, augmented generation of CTL, lack of strain specificity, and failure to stimulate resting T cells. TCGF-E is neither synthesized or secreted by this lymphoma cell line unless stimulated by Con A. X irradiation up to 7,000 rad failed to inhibit synthesis and secretion. These observations have a practical application in providing a relatively homogeneous clonal cell product for T cell culture support and for structural and functional studies of the TCGF molecule(s). They suggest also a model for examining mechanisms of triggering production and secretion of a regulatory molecule that controls T cell functions. PMID- 6968817 TI - Reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters: brain stimulation reinforcement for seven action patterns. AB - Golden hamsters were reinforced with intracranial electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ICS) for spending time engaging in one of seven topographically defined action patterns (APs). The stimulation used as reinforcer elicited hoarding and/or feeding and supported high rates of bar pressing. In Experiment 1, hamsters were reinforced successively for digging, open rearing, and face washing. Digging increased most in time spent, and face washing increased least. Experiments 2-5 examined these effects further and also showed that "scrabbling," like digging, was performed a large proportion of the time, almost without interruption, for contingent ICS but that scratching the body with a hindleg and scent-marking showed relatively little effect of contingent ICS, the latter even in an environment that facilitated marking. In Experiment 6, naive hamsters received ICS not contingent on behavior every 30 sec (fixed-time 30-sec schedule). Terminal behaviors that developed on this schedule were APs that were easy to reinforce in the other experiments, but a facultative behavior, face washing, was one not so readily reinforced. Experiment 7 confirmed a novel prediction from Experiment 6--that wall rearing, a terminal AP, would be performed at a high level for contingent ICS. All together, the results point to both motivational factors and associative factors being involved in the considerable differences in performance among different reinforced activities. PMID- 6968816 TI - Elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to poly(L-Tyr,LGlu) poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys) by anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - The in vivo effect of murine anti-idiotypic serum against C3H.SW anti poly(LTyr,LGlu)-poly(DLAla)-(LLys) [(T,G)-A--L] antibodies on delayed type hypersensitivity responses to (T,G)-A--L was studied. Anti-idiotypic serum could challenge DTH responses in C3H.SW mice transferred with antigen-sensitized T cells. The elicitation activity was shown to be antigen and strain specific. With H-2-compatible (but allotype different) strain combinations of (T,G)-A--L educated T cells and recipients, we were able to show that the biological effect of the anti-idiotypic serum is expressed on the first antigen-sensitized idiotype positive radioresistant T cell, but not on the proliferating normal cells of recipient origin that participate in the efferent phase of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to (T,G)-A--L. PMID- 6968818 TI - Initiation into adolescent marijuana use. AB - In this longitudinal study, the relationship of three domains (personality/attitudinal orientations, peer relationships, and family socialization factors) with initiation into adolescent marijuana use was examined. One hundred and eighty-three adolescent boys and girls and their mothers were interviewed when the adolescents were 13-17 years old and again three years later. The results indicate that the domains of personality and family (with control on the other two domains and demographic variables) each appear to be related to subsequent involvement with marijuana. In contrast, the peer domain is not significantly associated with initiation into marijuana use once personality, family, and demographic clusters are controlled. However, the interaction of maternal demographic clusters are controlled. However, the interaction of maternal conventionality and peer marijuana use was related to initiation into marijuana use. PMID- 6968819 TI - Chronic cerebellar stimulation for cerebral palsy. Prospective and double-blind studies. AB - The effects of chronic electrical stimulation of the cerebellum in patients with cerebral palsy have been studied using objective tests of joint compliance, and standardized assessments of developmental reflexes and motor skills. Of 14 patients studied prospectively for 1 to 44 months, 11 showed improvement in motor function. A double-blind test of 10 patients off and on stimulation for an average 8-week period showed no significant changes. Thus, we have no proof that the functional improvements seen with long-term stimulation are the result of cerebellar stimulation. PMID- 6968820 TI - Alterations in ventricular size and intracranial pressure caused by sagittal sinus pathology in man. AB - Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and ventricular size were determined in six patients with impairment of cerebral venous outflow caused by either sagittal sinus thrombosis or arteriovenous shunting into the sagittal sinus. None of the patients had enlargement of the ventricular system, but all six had elevated CSF pressure (mean, 30 mm Hg). At least two mechanisms sufficient to prevent ventricular enlargement and significant hydrocephalus are suggested by these cases: 1) intracranial pressure elevations that occur as a result of cerebral venous outflow impediment maintain a positive pressure gradient between the intracranial CSF and the sagittal sinus contents, thereby increasing bulk CSF outflow; 2) in adults, increased function of alternative CSF outflow pathways occurs secondary to sagittal sinus thrombosis across the arachnoid villi of other intracranial vascular structures and in the spine. These mechanisms may have general importance in the generation of hydrocephalus caused by other disease states in adults but not in children. PMID- 6968822 TI - Feasibility of time-of-flight reconstruction in positron emission tomography. AB - A feasibility study was carried out to determine whether image quality can be improved by the use of time-of-flight (TOF) information in positron emission tomography (PET). The experiment used two fast cesium fluoride detectors followed by constant-fraction discriminators for coincidence-timing resolutions of 600 to 800 psec full width at half maximum, depending on the energy discrimination level. A point source was scanned to study the spatial response of the point spread function with and without the TOF information for nonfiltered back projected data. Back-projected images of a simplified chest phantom, 42 cm in diameter and filled with relative activity concentrations of 1.0, and 5, are presented for the unfiltered data to demonstrate the improvement in image quality obtained with the use of TOF. Filtered and reconstructed images of this phantom are also presented to show the relative differences in the images obtained with PET and TOF-PET techniques for similar filter functions. PMID- 6968821 TI - Chronic paleocerebellar stimulation in dystonia and athetosis. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients suffering from dystonia and athetosis have been treated by means of chronic electrical stimulation of the paleocerebellum and were followed for over two and a half years. One of the patients showed signs of slight improvement, while no improvement at all was observed in the other patient. Some observations and problems are discussed. PMID- 6968823 TI - Detection of myocardial ischemia before infarction, based on accumulation of labeled pyruvate. AB - To determine whether ischemic, but not irreversibly injured myocardium, can be differentiated from normal tissue based on accumulation of labeled pyruvate, isolated hearts were perfused with buffer containing [14C]pyruvate under conditions of normal or low flow. Fifteen minutes after the hearts were exposed to labeled material, myocardial radioactivity was fourfold greater in ischemic compared to control hearts, due to accumulation of label in sequestered lactate produced from the pyruvate. Open-chest rabbits subjected to coronary occlusion exhibited a 1.73:1 ratio of radioactivity in ischemic compared with normal myocardium 15 min after systemic injection of [14C]pyruvate. The results obtained suggest that zones of myocardial ischemia should be detectable in vivo by positron tomography after systemic administration of [11C]pyruvate as well. PMID- 6968824 TI - Variation in the isometric maintenance heat rate with muscle length near that of maximum tension in frog striated muscle. AB - 1. Tension and heat rate were measured as a function of muscle length in the range 0.75--1.25 lO in 10-sec isometric tetani in frog striated muscle at 0 degrees C in seven experiments. lO was defined as the length at which maximal tension was developed. 2. The length at which the stable maintenance heat rate (hB) was maximal was 7--16% lO shorter than the length at which tension was maximal (Pmax). 3. The range of hB at the length at which tension was maximal was 0.82-0.97 times the maximum value of hB. 4. For equal values of tension of 0.9 Pmax on each side of lO, hB was almost 40% greater at the shorter muscle length. 5. The results show that h(B) varies considerably with muscle length near lO, where tension varies little, and imply that tension is not the sole determinant of energy liberation in this little region. PMID- 6968825 TI - Effects of denervation and botulinum toxin on muscle sensitivity to acetylcholine and acceptance of foreign innervation in the frog. AB - 1. The effects of denervation and local paralysis produced by botulinum toxin (type D) on the sensitivity of skeletal muscle to ACh and its ability to accept innervation by an implanted foreign nerve were investigated in the frog. 2. Denervated muscles developed supersensitivity to ACh within 2 weeks and became extensively innervated by an implanted foreign nerve after about 4 weeks. 3. Chronic electrical stimulation of denervated muscles (50 Hz for 1 sec every 60 sec) did not prevent the development of supersensitivity. 4. Muscles paralysed by botulinum toxin did not usually develop supersensitivity to ACh until after 2-3 months and the extra-junctional sensitivity of individual fibres was generally less than after denervation. Significant innervation of the paralysed muscles by an implanted foreign nerve did not occur until after 2-3 months. 5. The results suggest that in the frog nerves are able to control muscle sensitivity to ACh and to prevent innervation by foreign nerves by some mechanism other than muscle activity. Prolonged inactivity seems to result in some development of extra junctional sensitivity and acceptance of foreign innervation. PMID- 6968826 TI - Changes in surface morphology of rat thymocytes accompanying interphase death. PMID- 6968827 TI - Comparison of the pregnancy-associated murine protein-2 and human pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein. AB - Immunological cross-reaction between human pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP-1) and pregnancy-associated murine protein-2 (alpha 2-PAMP, PAMP-2) was demonstrated by line immunoelectrophoresis using antibodies against the proteins raised in hens. The pattern of change of PAMP-2 and SP-1 values in serum during pregnancy was very similar. The murine placental growth-rate corresponded to PAMP 2 levels in maternal serum during pregnancy, indicating placental origin. We suggest that the mouse and its PAMP-2 can be used to study human SP-1. PMID- 6968828 TI - Monocyte enhancement of human T lymphocyte proliferation dependent upon conditioned media. PMID- 6968829 TI - Immunological memory to Listeria monocytogenes in rodents: evidence for protective T lymphocytes outside the recirculating lymphocyte pool. PMID- 6968830 TI - Apicoectomy on a hemophiliac performed in the dental office with home care to prevent bleeding. PMID- 6968831 TI - Management of thoracic duct fistula following insertion of cardiovascular prosthesis. PMID- 6968832 TI - The temporal bone as route of infection in recurrent meningitis. AB - Three successive episodes of recurrent meningitis in connection with an infection of the upper respiratory tract appeared to be related to a congenital idiopathic oval window CSF leak. An inner ear dysplasia was the underlying factor and accounted for the deafness and for the absence of signs of acute labyrinthis during these infectious episodes. PMID- 6968833 TI - Filipin-cholesterol complexes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of frog skeletal muscle. PMID- 6968834 TI - Massive bleeding from hemorrhoidal varices in portal hypertension. PMID- 6968835 TI - Do von Willebrand victims have less plaque? PMID- 6968837 TI - [Efflux of prostaglandins in peripheral lymph after experimental burn injury- aspect of early regional edema-formation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968838 TI - [Immune response against a human skin squamous cell carcinoma: humoral and cell mediated immunity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968836 TI - Thymic stimulatory actions of arginine. AB - Various arginine HCl supplements (0.5-3%), half added to a basal commercial rodent chow (1.8% arginine) and half to the drinking water, were given to 8- to 9 week-old male CBA/J mice for 6 days. Control animals were fed the basal chow and drank tap water. All mice ate and drank ad libitum. Weight gain and food intake were similar in all groups. All arginine supplements increased significantly: thymic weight (average 22%), thymic lymphocyte content (average 45%), and the in vitro reactivity of thymic lymphocytes judged by the incorporation of 3H-leucine into the TCA-precipitable protein fraction in response to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. All these thymic effects resulted from the 0.5% arginine hydrochloride supplement; further increases in arginine supplementation did not increase these effects. These data suggest that supplemental arginine may improve host defence mechanisms and thereby may play an important role in the care of severely injured or ill patients, since it is well established that their defense mechanisms are reduced. PMID- 6968839 TI - [Cell kinetic studies on human melanoma cell line (SEKI II) under the effect of DTIC with fluorescent light and UVA irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968840 TI - [Cell kinetic studies on human melanoma cell line (SEKI II) under the effect of chemotherapeutic agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968842 TI - [A case of suppurative skin disease which is thought to be due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968841 TI - [Cell kinetic studies on human melanoma cell line (SEKI, II) under the effect of 8-methoxypsoralen with UVA irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968843 TI - Resistant natures of B lymphocytes of DDD mice to the tolerance induction in vitro. PMID- 6968844 TI - Current status of coronary artery surgery. AB - After a decade of experience with direct coronary artery surgery, certain conclusions have been made regarding its benefits and indications. Conclusion one is that the operation is highly successful in eliminating or alleviating angina; two, it improves exercise tolerance, and three, it prolongs life in patients with significant left main coronary artery disease. The proper selection of patients and the current technique of operation are also presented. PMID- 6968846 TI - [Surgical treatment of syphilitic aortic insufficiency associated with stenosis of both coronary ostia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968845 TI - [Successfully corrected case of combined aortic valvular replacement and coronary artery bypass procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968848 TI - [Immunological study on human tuberculosis at the cellular level (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968847 TI - Inhibition of B-lymphocyte clonal proliferation by spleen cells from plasmacytoma bearing mice. AB - This study demonstrated that spleen cells of inbred BALB/c mice with plasmacytomas inhibited proliferation of the B-lymphocyte colony-forming cells that were precursors of immunoglobulin-producing cells. The number of B lymphocyte colonies/10(5) nucleated spleen cells was depressed in mice with plasmacytomas. The degree of suppression correlated with the size of the tumor. Spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice suppressed the formation of B-lymphocyte colonies by normal BALB/c spleen cells. Treatment of the myeloma spleen cell suspensions with anti-immunoglobulins, anti-theta, or 1,500 rads did not prevent the suppression. Spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice depleted of adherent cells by passage over Sephadex G-10 columns or adherence to plastic dishes did not retain their suppressive activity. Adherent spleen cells inhibited B-lymphocyte colony formation when they were either in direct contact with normal spleen cells or separated from them by a layer of agar. These studies suggested that the immune suppression seen in plasmacytoma-bearing mice occurred partially at the level of the B-lymphocyte progenitor cell and that this suppression was mediated by an adherent mononuclear cell. PMID- 6968849 TI - [Primary multiple tumors of the large intestine and kidney]. PMID- 6968850 TI - [Bleeding stomach cancer]. PMID- 6968851 TI - [On the use of anomaloscope in the tests for colour vision (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968852 TI - Features of CT cisternogram in arachnoid cyst of quadrigeminal cistern. PMID- 6968853 TI - Nephrotic syndrome and renal failure associated with use of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6968854 TI - Characterization of in vivo suppression of syngenic tumor by allogenic effector cells. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of allogenic splenocytes transferred with tumor cells, subcutaneously, to a host syngenic for tumor cells. Cytotoxic effector cells usually resulted in tumors less than half the size of controls at E:T of 10:1. Primary immune splenocytes were more effective than hyperimmune splenocytes in delaying tumor growth. Actively cytotoxic splenocytes by in vitro 51Cr release assay were required for delayed tumor growth; memory cell populations were not effective. Delayed tumor growth correlated with in vitro cytotoxicity of primary immune splenocytes; however, hyperimmune splenocytes, even though they possessed greater in vitro cytotoxic responses, showed lesser tumor suppression in vivo. T cells were necessary for tumor suppression, as treatment of B6AF1 effector cells with anti-Thy 1.2 serum abrogated suppression; T cell enrichment by nylon-wool treatment of effector cells increased tumor suppression. Delay in tumor growth was an in vivo phenomenon, for anti-Thy 1.2 serum in AKR hosts abrogated the effect of Thy 1.2 effector cells. PMID- 6968855 TI - Comparison of the effect of blood cardioplegia to crystalloid cardioplegia on myocardial contractility in man. AB - The myocardial protection achieved by blood cardioplegia was compared to that achieved by crystalloid cardioplegia in a randomized prospective series of patients having coronary bypass operations. Group BCP (n = 15) was protected with 10 degrees C blood containing potassium, 30 mEq/L; Group KCP (n = 9) by an electrolyte solution at 4 degrees C with mannitol, 25 gm/L, and potassium, 26 mEq/L, and group MgKCP (n = 9) by an electrolyte solution at 4 degrees C containing magnesium, 30 Meq/L, and potassium, 19.6 mEq/L. The three groups were comparable in regard to age, sex, preoperative left ventricular function, symptoms, propranolol use, previous myocardial infarction, number of vessels bypassed, and duration of ischemic arrest. In each patient cardiac output, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and maximum contractile element velocity (Vpm) were recorded before and after the ischemic period. All operations were performed in an identical manner with one continuous period of aortic cross clamping averaging 52.9 minutes. No significant alterations in myocardial function were observed after ischemia within the BCP or KCP groups. However, patients receiving MgKCP had significant (p = 0.02) depression in Vpm from 2.86 +/- 7.8 to 2.04 +/- 3.6 second-1 and increase (p < 0.05) in LVEDP from 9.4 +/- 2.2 to 13.4 +/- 5.2 mm Hg. Analysis of variance between groups showed that Vpm decreased significantly (p < 0.05) and LVEDP increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the MgKCP group by comparison to the BCP group. Patients receiving BCP experienced spontaneous defibrillation more frequently (p < 0.02) and received nitroprusside postoperatively more often (p < 0.05) than patients in the other two groups. From these results we conclude that blood cardioplegia provides excellent protection during myocardial ischemia, probably better than one of the two crystalloid solutions tested but no better than the other crystalloid solution. Because the three solutions differed from one another in several respects, no conclusion can be reached about the efficacy of any one ingredient. PMID- 6968856 TI - Diagnosis, stage, and prognosis of lung carcinoma by preoperative assay of lung tumor antigen-sensitive T lymphocytes. AB - Levels of circulating T lymphocytes sensitized to human lung tumor--associated antigens (LTA) were determined by the antigen-stimulated active rosette-forming T cell (AgARFC) assay. These levels were correlated with detection, pathological tumor stage, and postassay survival of patients with lung carcinoma. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), from patients found to have lung cancer, were incubated with LTA and produced increased AgARFC compared to PBLs incubated without LTA. Significant levels of LTA-sensitive T cells were found in preoperative PBLs of 80% of patients with Stage I disease (8/10, p < 0.0005), 60% of those with Stage II disease (3/5, p < 0.025), and 46% of those with Stage III primary lung cancer (12/26, p < 0.01), compared with 11% of patients with either benign lung lesions (2/12) or lung metastases (0/6) of nonpulmonary malignant tumors (by chi square analysis). Postoperative survival correlated significantly with preoperative levels of LTA-sensitive T cells by AgARFC assay within Stage I lung cancer (r = 0.807, p < 0.0005). Stage I + II (r = 0.689, p < 0.001), and Stage III (r = 0.657, p < 0.001, not treated with chemotherapy). Preoperative PBL from patients with Stage I + II lung cancer were more frequently sensitized to LTA in the AgARFC assay than from patients with nonpulmonary carcinomas (0/22) or cigarette smokers (1/7) without pulmonary lesions (p < 0.0005). These findings demonstrate a high rate of detection of early, resectable lung carcinomas by preoperative AgARFC assay of PBL sensitized to LTA, and a significant correlation of LTA sensitive T cell levels with tumor stage and patient survival. The AgARFC assay may be of prognostic as well as diagnostic value in the evaluation of patients with lung carcinoma. PMID- 6968857 TI - Trends in cardiac surgery. Five-year study of a defined population. AB - The total number and types of cardiac operations performed on residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1973 through 1977 were studied through the use of the medical-records linkage system at the Mayo Clinic. During this time, 213 patients underwent 216 operations. The rates of cardiac operations per 10,000 population increased from 4.1 in 1973 to 5.9 in 1977. Operations other than for coronary artery bypass showed no significant trends over time, and the average rate was 2.5 per year. The incidence of coronary artery bypass operations increased from 1.5 in 1973 to 4.0 in 1977. On the basis of the rates for open heart operations and under conditions similar to those in this community, a population of approximately 380,000 persons less than 15 years of age would be required to ensure 75 cases requiring open-heart operations per year, and a population of approximately 230,000 persons more than 14 years of age would provide 200 adult open-heart cases per year. Thus total populations of approximately 1,380,000 and 310,000 of all ages would be required to meet these minimum standards for pediatric and adult open-heart operations. PMID- 6968858 TI - Fulminating noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. A newly recognized hazard during cardiac operations. AB - At New York University Medical Center over the past 18 months, a distinctive and potentially lethal syndrome of fulminating noncardiogenic pulmonary edema has been observed in three patients following cardiopulmonary bypass. The clinical appearance is virtually identical to that produced by acute left ventricular failure, and the condition could have been diagnosed incorrectly in the past as myocardial infarction with left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema. Thus it is uncertain whether this is a new syndrome or whether it has long been present. Fulminating noncardiogenic pulmonary edema can be diagnosed by finding a low left atrial or pulmonary artery wedge pressure combined with a high protein content in the pulmonary edema fluid when compared to simultaneous measurements of the plasma protein level. As no other etiologic agent could be identified in our three patients, the probable cause seems to be an unknown type of allergic reaction to blood or blood products, manifested by acute pulmonary edema--the pulmonary capillary membranes being the first to be exposed to fluids administered intravenously. The significant point is that a nearly fatal degree of pulmonary congestion can be managed safely and effectively with corticosteroids, antihistamines, positive-pressure ventilation, diuretics, and albumin. Presently, two important questions remain: (1) Should fluids be restricted and balloon pump counterpulsation and vasopressors utilized to maintain systemic pressure? (2) How long after administration of steroids is it safe to give intravenous albumin? Meanwhile, both the mechanism and frequency of this syndrome remain unknown. PMID- 6968859 TI - Multivariate discriminant analysis of the clinical and angiographic predictors of operative mortality from the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS). AB - The Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS) is a large multi institutional study of the medical and surgical treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Fifteen cooperating institutes have carried out isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on 6,176 patients from August, 1975, through December, 1978. The operative mortality (OM) was 2.3%. In an effort to better understand the clinical and angiographic characteristics predictive of OM, we have done a multivariate discriminant analysis of variables associated with OM. Numerous clinical and angiographic variables were selected from the CASS data file and evaluated in a univariate manner for their relationship to OM. Twenty of these variables were then selected for multivariate discriminant analysis. Clinical variables of most predictive value were age, female sex, increased heart size, and congestive heart failure (CHF). Angiographic variables of importance included left ventricular wall motion abnormalities, and left main coronary disease (LMCD). The priority of operation (elective, urgent, or emergent) was also associated with OM. Six variables that contained the most predictive information were selected by discriminant analysis for a group of 6,176 patients who had isolated bypass operations. In descending order of importance they were age, left main coronary artery stenosis greater than or equal to 90%, female sex, left ventricular wall motion score, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and rales. Five other groups or subgroups of patients were also analyzed in a similar manner. There is a strong association of OM with advanced age, female sex, and variables associated with left ventricular dysfunction. The risk of OM for an individual patient may be estimated with the use of these clinical and angiographic characteristics. PMID- 6968860 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea is a dangerous and potentially life threatening occurrence for which the otolaryngologist is often consulted. CSF otorrhea occurs on the basis of skull fracture, tumor, infections, congenital anomalies, and operative trauma. Forty-three patients with CSF otorrhea of varied etiology are reviewed in this paper. Eight cases are of congenital or labyrinthine origin confirming at surgery the probable connection between the subarachnoid and perilymphatic spaces. Eleven cases had spinal fluid otorrhea due to infection. All cases presented with symptoms of chronic infection: 4 cases had a history of previous surgery for chronic ear disease; 7 cases had temporal lobe abscess; 1 case had a cerebellar abscess; 8 had tegmen defects secondary to cholesteatoma; in 1 case the tegmen defect was due to previous surgery for chronic infection. Nine of 11 cases have serviceable hearing postoperatively. Fourteen cases of spinal fluid otorrhea resulted from trauma: 1 case was due to traumatic stapes footplate fracture in a congenitally malformed ear; 4 were due to transverse temporal bone fracture; and 9 were due to longitudinal temporal bone fractures. All transverse fractures resulted in nonhearing ears. Three cases were due to a combination of temporal bone fracture and infection. In 2 of these cases chronic infection preceded the fracture; in 1 case the fracture led to chronic ear disease with spinal fluid leakage. One patient required 1 surgical procedure for closure of the otorrhea, 1 patient 2 procedures, and 1 patient 3 procedures. Ten cases are due to translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma removal: 7 cases had resolution of the spinal fluid leakage after conservative nonsurgical treatment; and 3 required surgical intervention using muscle, fat and fascia obliteration of the spinal fluid pathway. PMID- 6968861 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in asthma and recurrent respiratory incidents in children]. PMID- 6968862 TI - [Effects of thymic factors on DNA synthesis of peripheral lymphocytes in patients with cancer]. PMID- 6968863 TI - Application of indicators, predictors and diagnostic indices in coagulation disorders. II. Evaluation of laboratory variables with continuous test results. PMID- 6968864 TI - Electrochemical profile for ion transport across the membrane of proximal tubular cells. AB - A micropuncture study was performed on the bullfrog kidney proximal tubular cells utilizing double-barreled ion-selective microelectrodes. The intracellular of Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3(-) and pH were determined to be 21.6 mEq/L, 67.4 mEq/L, 9.9 mEq/L, 20.2 mEq/L, and 7.49 pH units, respectively. In the extracellular fluid the following activities were found: Na+, 87.4 mEq/L; K+, 2.64 mEq/L; Cl-, 72.5 mEq/L; HCO3(-), 17.9 mEq/L; and pH, 7.66. The membrane potential difference was 68.4 mV and 60.4 mV across the peritubular and brush borders, respectively. The electrochemical potential differences across the individual borders of the proximal tubule cells were separately calculated by setting the intracellular level of both electrical and chemical potentials at zero for convenience. From these analyses, the following interpretations are made. (1) In the net reabsorption of Na+, luminal Na+ enters the cell along a 95-mV gradient across the luminal border and is pumped out to the interstitium against a 104 mV gradient. In the reabsorption of bicarbonate, an uphill pump of about 69 mV (about 70% of the Na+ entry gradient) must exist on the luminal border, of which about 55 mV (80% of the bicarbonate gradient) is accounted for by the H+ secretory pump. (2) In the net reabsorption of K+, a significant K+ uptake pump must exist on the luminal border in addition to the powerful peritubular Na+-K+ exchange pump. The reabsorption of Cl- by the epithelium may take place in two ways: (a) transmembrane transport involving an uphill step of several millivolts, and (b) paracellular leakage through the tight junction. It is thought that the Na+ pump located on the basolateral border of the proximal tubule cell plays a primary role in the regulation of the movement of other ions and water. The regulatory mechanisms of these substances may involve some electrochemical feedback mechanism that works across the proximal tubular epithelium. PMID- 6968865 TI - Measurement of intracellular pH of bullfrog skeletal muscle and renal tubular cells with double-barreled antimony microelectrodes. AB - A pencil-type antimony microelectrode of double-barreled design with a tip of less than 1 to 2 microns in outside diameter was constructed and used to measure intracellular pH(pHi) on frog sartorius muscle and renal tubular cells. Simultaneous observations of membrane potential difference (EM) were made. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The in vivo pHi of frog sartorius muscle was 7.12 +/- 0.07 (SD) (n = 144); the simultaneously measured EM was -51.1 +/- 7.9 mV. The in vivo pHi of frog proximal tubule was 7.49 +/- 0.07 (n = 221) and the EM Peri across the peritubular membrane was -50.2 +/- 9.0 mV. (2) In proximal tubule in vivo, there was a negative correlation between pHi and EM (r = -.62, p < .05). On the other hand, in sartorius muscle in vivo, a positive correlation between the two was found (r = .85, p < .001). (3) In in vitro sartorius muscle, the pHi was 7.03 +/- 0.14 (n = 9) and EM was -62.4 +/- 4.4 mV within one hour after isolation. (4) Increasing the external potassium concentration in the preparations to 75 mM caused a progressive depolarization by 43.3 +/- 15.9 (m = 4) mV, while pHi changed in the alkaline direction by 0.22 +/- 0.03 pH unit. (5) These results indicate that the pHi in both tissues does not obey the Donnan rule. PMID- 6968866 TI - Haematopoietic growth factors are released in cultures of H-2-restricted helper T cells, accessory cells and specific antigen. AB - Colony formation by mammalian haematopoietic cells in culture depends on specific glycoprotein growth factors. 'Colony-stimulating factors' for granulocytic and macrophage precursors (G- and M-CSFs), as well as for pluripotential and early committed erythroid cells ('burst promoting activity, or BPA) are released in cultures of stimulated spleen, lymph node or peripheral blood cells. In such systems the induction stimulus has been either allogenic cell antigens, or lectins which stimulate T cells, such as pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A) or phytohaemagglutin and both T cells and adherent cells are implicated in the process. The complexity of the spleen cell populations used in earlier in vitro studies has made it difficult to establish the cellular source of the factors and the mechanisms leading to their release. Pure populations of continuously growing cell lines of either monocytic/macrophage or T-cell character have already been shown to release haematopoietic activities constitutively. However, such evidence cannot prove that these functions are also expressed by the normal counterparts of these lines. We have reduced the complexity of the spleen cell system by supplying helper T cells in the form of pure clonal populations of known physiological function and antigenic specificity, and demonstrate here that activity is released when helper T cells are cultured with specific antigen, and that release depends on H-2 (I-A region) restricted interaction with accesory cells present in spleen or normal peritoneal cavity. PMID- 6968867 TI - Chopping and changing in immunoglobulin genes. PMID- 6968868 TI - Cytolytically active murine T-cell hybrids. AB - Following the demonstration that hybrids between normal B-lymphocytes and myeloma cell lines continue to secrete antibodies with the same specificity as those produced by the parental B-cells, many groups have tried to use this approach to obtain cell lines expressing T-lymphocyte functions by crossing thymoma lines not expressing any measurable activity with various types of T-cell populations. Although there have been reports that hybrids could be isolated which secrete T cell products with immunological activity, efforts to produce functionally active hybrids from cytolytic T-cells have all been unsuccessful (refs 6, 7, and M. N. and H. D. Engers, unpublished). We have fused an established, T-cell growth factor (TCGF)-dependent murine cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) line with a mouse thymoma line and have obtained hybrids with cytolytic activity when we selected the hybrids in TCGF-containing medium, while hybrids isolated in the absence of growth factor showed no detectable cytolytic potential. PMID- 6968869 TI - Alloreactivity of an antigen-specific T-cell clone. PMID- 6968870 TI - Human T lymphocytes of inducer and suppressor type occupy different microenvironments. PMID- 6968871 TI - Cross-reactivity for different type A influenza viruses of a cloned T-killer cell line. AB - Spleen cytotoxic T cells killing influenza virus-infected target cells are cross reactive for the different type A influenza viruses, in contrast to the circulating antibodies, which show fine specificity for each A virus subtype variant. This finding has raised the question of whether a single T cell can recognize cells infected with all type A viruses. T-killer cell lines with specificity for alloantigens and the male Y antigen can be selected by means of growth factors present in the supernatant of T cells stimulated with concanavalin A (refs 3-7). We report here that we have been able to establish clones of mouse T cells killing target cells infected with influenza virus. Our cell line maintains the same specificity as the heterogeneous spleen cell population from infected mice, in as far as the T-killer cells are specific for A influenza virus, but do not discriminate between the different type A viruses. The cell line maintains H-2 restriction and does not kill cells infected with B influenza virus. The cells grow in the presence of T-cell growth factor and do not require antigen for growth although they maintain their receptors for type A virus. They can also be stimulated by irradiated T-helper cells from mice primed by type A influenza infection in the presence of type A virus-infected cells. PMID- 6968872 TI - Monoclonal antibodies which distinguish between human NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Although it is widely accepted that T cells have a major role in specific tumour immunity, there is now much evidence that natural killer (NK) cells, which exist in many species and spontaneously lyse certain tumour cells in vitro, provide early resistance against tumour growth. Human NK-cell activity can be augmented in vitro by interferon and its inducers, including polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C); furthermore, NK-like activity is generated in mixed leukocyte cultures (MLCs) as is specific cytotoxic T-cell (Tc) activity. When effector cells generated in human MLCs lyse allogeneic or autologous virus-transformed or tumour cells, it has been difficult to evaluate the relative contributions of Tc and NK-like cells to the lysis because the latter, like T cells, can form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and react with xenogeneic anti-human thymocyte serum. We report here that monoclonal antibodies against human mononuclear cell subpopulations can distinguish Tc from NK and NK-like cells. OKT3 or OKT8 monoclonal antibodies (reactive with virtually all or a subset of T cells, respectively) with complement (C') ablate MLC-generated Tc activity against allogeneic normal cells but do not decrease lysis of HLA-negative, NK-sensitive K562 leukaemia cells by NK, poly I:C-activated NK or MLC-activated NK-like cells. In contrast, OKM1 monoclonal antibody (reactive with a low proportion of non adherent mononuclear cells as well as macrophages) with C' causes marked diminution of NK and poly I:C-activated NK-cell activity. PMID- 6968873 TI - Ultrastructural observations on the post-synaptic membrane of denervated frog muscle. PMID- 6968874 TI - [Severe complications of tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6968875 TI - Posterior commissural invagination after correction of hydrocephalus: case report. PMID- 6968876 TI - [Changes of serum alpha 2-ceruloplasmin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Significant changes of alpha 2-ceruloplasmin serum concentration and decreased number of T-lymphocites have been found only in 15 R F positive out of 25 patients with definite R.A. Possible correlation between these findings in discussed. PMID- 6968877 TI - [Cardiac metabolism in angina patients before and after aorto-coronary bypass]. AB - The haemodynamic indices proposed by Buckberg et al. have been used to evaluate total coronary flow and its distribution to the subendocardial tissue. The following conclusions were drawn from the data obtained in humans and in experimental pathology: 1) in regional ischaemia (angina, myocardial infarction), the DPTI/TTI ratio expresses the degree of subendocardial hypoperfusion with fair approximation, although it has some theoretical limitations, 2) in total myocardial ischaemia, as occurs during ECC, the index provides an accurate picture of the subendocardium and a useful idea of the real effectiveness of the means of myocardial protection. PMID- 6968878 TI - Anti-shock trousers and their potential hazards. PMID- 6968879 TI - [Intraosseous implants]. PMID- 6968880 TI - [Experimental implants using artificial alveoli]. PMID- 6968882 TI - Psychoactive medicinal and nonmedicinal drug use among high school students. AB - Although concern has been voiced regarding the medical profession's relationship to nonmedicinal drug use, few data are available. In a random sample of more than 1,000 New Haven are a high school students, nonmedicinal use was 1.9 to 11 times greater among those students with a history of three or more recommendations of a psychoactive drug by a physician as compared to those students who had never received such a recommendation. The relationship between medicinal psychoactive drugs and nonmedicinal drug use persisted while potentially confounding variables were controlled and was statistically significant for cigarettes, marijuana, amphetamines, barbiturates, and heroin use with odds ratios of 2.0, 1.6, 3.1, 4.0 and 6.2, respectively. The relationships of cigarette, marijuana, amphetamine, and heroin use to physician recommendation of a psychoactive drug appeared to be as strong as those of previously identified correlates of nonmedicinal drug use. The results were not attributable to artifacts of reporting. Although causal mechanisms cannot be inferred from these cross-sectional data, the results may have implications for preventive programs aimed at decreasing nonmedicinal drug use. PMID- 6968881 TI - [Restoration of hand function in posttraumatic paralyses of the upper extremity]. PMID- 6968884 TI - [Cellular and humoral immune reactions in pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 6968883 TI - [Dynamics of the blood serum enzymatic indices and the cellular immunity indices in glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 6968885 TI - [Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (dimexide) on the blood bacteriostatic activity of children with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6968887 TI - [Blood coagulating system indices of children in the inactive phase of rheumatism]. PMID- 6968886 TI - [Diagnosis of the spheroidal x-ray formations in the lungs and mediastinum simulating tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6968888 TI - Evidence for an effect by colour defect on personality. AB - This paper discusses whether defective colour vision affects the type of personality of the individual. Three pieces of recent research are examined. Pickford and Cobb (1974) found a positive relation between colour defect and type of personality when they tested a sample of students in psychology. However, two later studies of school children did not demonstrate such a relationship. It is postulated that the contradiction in results between the first and the last two studies can be explained by the assumption that the effects of colour defect on the personality do not occur until later in life. PMID- 6968889 TI - Elastic and inelastic behaviour of resting frog muscle fibres. AB - Dynamic and static elasticity of the resting skeletal muscle of the frog have been studied as a function of the sarcomere length. Isolated intact fibres as well as glycerol extracted fibres show a resting tension starting at 2.05 microns sarcomere length and increasing approximately exponentially to 2 . 10(4) N/m2 at 3.0 microns sarcomere length. Differences between the two types of preparation were seen in the dynamic experiments. The dynamic Young's modulus of intact fibres (recorded at 1 Hz and small amplitudes) increased from 2 . 10(5) N/m2 at 2.1 microns sarcomere length to 2.5 . 10(6) N/m2 at 2.9 microns while the static modulus varied from 5 . 10(3) N/M2 to 3 . 10(5) N/m2, the dynamic modulus at small amplitudes was equivalent to the modulus of the short range elasticity (SRE). The range of the SRE did not depend on the sarcomere length and amounted to about 5 nm per sarcomere. The dynamic modulus strongly depended on the amplitude: at large amplitudes the muscle became less stiff by a factor of 10 to 20. This tendency levelled off at about 10 Hz by a strain-induced relaxation process. The dynamic modulus of the glycerol extracted fibres were nearly of the same magnitude as the static modulus, there was neither evidence for an SRE nor for a significant amplitude-dependence of the dynamic modulus. For interpreting the results we propose to further develop the meander model of muscle (Pechhold et al. 1977 b). PMID- 6968890 TI - Nonelectrolyte fluxes across gastric mucosa in relation to gastric stimulation. Is gastric juice secreted by osmosis or exocytosis? AB - The effects of histamine and thiocyanate, added to the serosal bathing solution, on unidirectional fluxes of some nonelectrolytes (thiourea, methylated thiourea derivates, mannitol), and on H+, pepsinogen and mucous secretion were investigated in frog (Rana esculenta) fundic gastric mucosa. Histamine (10(-4) M) increases significantly the outfluxes (serosa to mucosa fluxes) of only thiourea and its derivates (but not mannitol) and the stimulation is the greater the more lipidsoluble the nonelectrolyte is. Influxes (mucosa to serosa fluxes) of the same molecules are not affected. In parallel histamine stimulates H+-secretion but does not modify pepsinogen and mucous secretion. SCN- (10(-2) M) inhibits the histamine effect on thiourea outfluxes and on H+-secretion, while pepsinogen and mucous secretion are not affected. Colchicine (10(-4) M) pretreatment inhibits the histamine effect on outfluxes and H+-secretion. It is concluded that: (1) histamine induces a secretion of nonelectrolytes towards the lumen; (2) such secretion is correlated with the hormone-induced secretion of HCl and fluid; (3) this process is mediated by an exocytotic mechanism. PMID- 6968891 TI - [Study of changes in the T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations in atopic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6968893 TI - [Immunoglobulins, particularly IgD, and B- and T-lymphocytes in Salmonella infections]. PMID- 6968892 TI - [Isotope ventriculography in a case of non-vascularized brain tumour (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968894 TI - [Studies on food habits of the population based on the results of questionnaire inquiries]. PMID- 6968895 TI - [Immunoglobulins and T-lymphocytes in Quincke's edema]. PMID- 6968896 TI - Arthritis and rheumatic diseases. A four-article symposium. PMID- 6968897 TI - Regional soft tissue rheumatic pain syndromes: a common challenge in daily practice. AB - Soft tissue pain syndromes, problematic in themselves, may aggravate other underlying disorders. The physician who is familiar with the characteristic features of each of the many syndromes may more readily recognize them in practice. Treatment should be tailored to the individual and based on a home exercise program. Success of treatment corroborates the diagnosis and may prevent a state of chronic incapacitating pain. PMID- 6968898 TI - Cimetidine: clinical uses and possible side effects. AB - Cimetidine has now been on the market for over three years and appears to be safe and effective. Its beneficial effect in the short-term treatment of peptic ulcer disease in the duodenum is well documented, and it appears to be helpful in preventing ulcer relapse. It may also be therapeutic in other diseases associated with gastric acid abnormalities. Cimetidine may cause mental confusion and should be used with caution and in reduced dosage in the presence of hepatic or renal disease, or both, and in elderly patients. Other potential problems include neutropenia, reduced sperm count, and potentiation of warfarin. PMID- 6968900 TI - Unexplained rectal bleeding. PMID- 6968899 TI - [Asthma and environment (author's transl)]. AB - Asthma which includes an important bronchial hyper-reactivity to several substances is closely linked to environmental factors. Atmospheric allergens are among the best known of these factors. Some and the most numerous, like pollen, are natural. Others like isocyanates are artificial and mostly the cause of professional accidents. The noxious effect of air pollution on airways has been clearly established by the numerous observations compiled over half a century. As far as asthma is concerned, the bronchoconstricting effect of pollutants inhaled at high doses is well known. Numerous epidemiological studies and tests performed in laboratories have also revealed the action of different pollutants inhaled at "realistic" concentrations. The relationship between asthma and climatic environment appears more difficult to define and the objective facts which could play a part in these relations are few and contradictory. PMID- 6968902 TI - [Current problems of BCG vaccination and revaccination for tuberculosis prevention]. PMID- 6968901 TI - [Hydro-osmotic activity of the cerebrospinal fluid in fetuses, children and adults]. AB - The hydroosmotic activity of the cerebrospinal fluid in 38 persons of different ages and in 2 fetuses was investigated. In the fetal cerebrospinal fluid the hydroosmotic activity was undetectable. The highest hydroosmotic activity was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid of children aged 0 to 3 years (24.320 +/- 3530 microhydroosmotic units (mHOU/ml). The activity significantly decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of children 7 to 10 years of age (13.184 +/- 2112 mHOU/ml, p < 0.01). The above activity was detected in 40% of the adult patients with different diseases and in all the cases of idiopathic diabetes insipidus. The hydroosmotic activity of both children and adults was sensitive to trypsin digestion. The data obtained suggest the presence of a basic peptide, probably arginine-vasotocin, in the cerebrospinal fluid studied. If this hypothesis is right, vasotocin occurres in the cerebrospinal fluid only after birth and decreases with age, with the exception of some cases of pathology. PMID- 6968903 TI - [Functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in children with minor and abating forms of tuberculosis in the process of engaging in physical exercises]. PMID- 6968904 TI - [Tuberculosis infection and active disease in infants not vaccinated with BCG]. PMID- 6968905 TI - Tumor promoters enhance myeloid and erythroid colony formation by normal mouse hemopoietic cells. AB - The diterpene tumor promoters enhance the proliferation in culture of myeloid and erythroid precursor cells from normal mouse hemopoietic tissues. The effect is observed only with those diterpenes that are tumor promoters, including 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA); diterpenes that are inactive as tumor promoters are ineffective as stimulators of colony formation. Tumor promoters act synergistically with suboptimal concentrations of conditioned medium used as a source of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) to increase both the number and size of myeloid colonies. Formation of myeloid colonies is stimulated by tumor promoters even without addition of CSF. Both pure and mixed granulocyte/macrophage colonies develop; high concentrations (> 100 micrograms/ml) of TPA are more favorable for macrophage colony formation. In erythropoietin-stimulated cultures, tumor promoters enhance the development of relatively early and intermediate of erythroid precursors, whereas later erythroid precursors are unaffected. PMID- 6968906 TI - Coated pits act as molecular filters. AB - Two proteins--theta and H63 antigens--are found to be excluded from coated pits on fibroblast plasma membranes. Coated pits thus act as molecular filters, pinching off, into the cell, lipid vesicles containing a limited number of specific receptors but excluding other plasma membrane proteins. This constitutes part of a lipid flow cycle that was proposed earlier to explain the capping of crosslinked surface antigens. PMID- 6968907 TI - Electrophysiology of T lymphocyte cholinergic receptors. AB - The presence of functional muscarinic-cholinergic receptors on at least some T lymphocytes is suggested by the existence of saturable, high-affinity, specific muscarinic binding in T cell-enriched, but not in B cell-enriched, cell suspensions and by observed cholinergic effects on lymphocytes, (e.g., increased lytic capacity of cytotoxic lymphocytes preincubated with muscarinic agents). In this study, we used flow cytometry and a fluorescent probe of membrane potential, the cyanine dye 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide, to examine the effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on the membrane potentials of lymphocytes in T cell-enriched and B cell-enriched suspensions. Acetylcholine (AcCho) and carbamoylcholine (CbmCho) depolarized the membranes of T cells, but not of B cells; the maximal depolarization was produced by 10 nM AcCho or by 1 nM CbmCho. Depolarization following exposure to these concentrations of agonists was maximal by 5-8 min; T cell membrane potentials returned to control values by 13-15 min. Less marked depolarization was produced by 100 nM AcCho and 10 nM CbmCho; 100 pM CbmCho was only slightly less effective than 1 nM CbmCho, and the depolarization persisted 12 min after exposure. Depolarization induced by 1 nM AcCho was abolished when AcCho was combined with 10 nM atropine but not when AcCho was combined with 1 nM atropine or 200 nM d-tubocurarine. The time course of the membrane potential response and its dependence on the relative concentrations of AcCho and specific cholinergic blocking agents correlate well with both binding studies and biological effects. Our results provide evidence that T lymphocytes have functional muscarinic receptors; the flow cytometric method should be generally applicable to studies of the electrophysiology and pharmacology of receptor-ligand interactions. PMID- 6968909 TI - Simple and rapid measurement of human T lymphocytes and their subclasses in peripheral blood. AB - A simple and rapid method for the determination of human T lymphocyte subclasses in buffy coat preparations or whole blood is described. This technique uses flow cytometry to distinguish lymphocytes from other leukocytes on the basis of their light-scattering properties. Lymnphocyte subclasses were enumerated by cellular immunofluorescence; the immunofluorescent signals were produced by monoclonal antibodies to surface differentiation antigens on T cells. Conventional techniques of enumerating T lymphocyte subclasses entail time-consuming (up to 2 days) density gradient and E rosette enrichement, and require at least 20 ml of blood. The method described here uses as little as 50 microliters of whole blood for each antibody tested and produces results within in 2 hr. PMID- 6968908 TI - Animal model for immune dysfunction associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. AB - An in vivo murine model for immunodeficiency of both B and T cells is produced by continuous intraperitoneal infusion of 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF), a specific tightly binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADase; adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4). After DCF infusion, ADase of thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes was inhibited to varying degrees ranging from 57% to 100%. Immunodeficiency under these conditions was indicated by: (i) a striking decrease in lymphocyte response to the T-cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin; (ii) an impairment of delayed hypersensitivity measured by the footpad reaction; (iii) a decrease in antibody production measured in both in vivo and in vitro plaque-forming cell assay; (iv) a significant prolongation of mouse skin allograft survival after transplantation into the C57BL/6J (H-2b) strain of skin from BALB/c (H-2d) mice; and (v) a marked lymphopenia. Histological examination indicated lymphoid degeneration in the thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen with no alterations in other tissues including bone marrow, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and liver except for the occurrence of hepatitis. A decrease in the number of Thy-1-positive cells in both spleen and lymph nodes further supported the fact of cytotoxicity of DCF to T cells. Anorexia and weight loss were observed within 5 days of continuous DCF infusion at 0.4 mg/kg body weight per day. These data indicate that this method provides an experimental model for future studies on the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the genetically determined severe combined immunodeficiency disease in man. PMID- 6968910 TI - Clonal analysis of proliferation and differentiation of paired daughter cells: action of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on granulocyte macrophage precursors. AB - Mouse granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells were stimulated to divide by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The two daughter cells were separated; one daughter was transferred to medium containing a high concentration of GM-CSF, the other to medium containing a low concentration. Daughter cell-derived clones in the presence of 2500 units of GM-CSF had average cell cycle times 3.5 +/- 2.5 (SEM) hr shorter than clones derived from the paired daughter cell stimulated by 50 units of GM-CSF. Final colony size achieved after stimulation by 50 units of GM-CSF was always smaller than that of colonies stimulated by 2500 units of GM-CSF. In 8 of 41 instances, colonies stimulated by 50 units of GM-CSF developed, or were composed only of, macrophage populations in contrast to the granulocytic composition of colonies derived from the paired daughter cell growing in the presence of 2500 units of GM-CSF. The regulator GM CSF appears able to directly influence cell cycle times and the pathway of differentiation entered by many bipotential granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells. PMID- 6968911 TI - Rat dendritic cells function as accessory cells and control the production of a soluble factor required for mitogenic responses of T lymphocytes. AB - Transformation of T lymphocytes, induced by treatment with periodate or with neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase, requires the participation of accessory cells. Procedures were developed for the fractionation of rat lymph node cells, by which most of the lymphocytes can be recovered as a major population of cells that do not respond to mitogenic stimulation unless accessory cells from a separated minor population are added. Further purification led to a 1000-fold overall increase in accessory activity per cell, with a 50-70% yield. The purest preparations were virtually free of macrophages and contained more than 90% typical dendritic cells. Maximum responses occurred at a ratio of only one dendritic cell per 200 periodate-treated lymphocytes. This evidence thus indicates strongly that in rats, dendritic cells--not macrophages--function as accessory cells. Further, the number of dendritic cells in a preparation governed the magnitude of the mitogenic response and was limiting in the case of unfractionated lymph node cells. In addition, when oxidized with periodate or with neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase, the dendritic cell served as a very potent indirect stimulator of untreated responder lymphocytes. Both functions of the dendritic cell appeared to lack species specificity, since mouse dendritic cells were very active when tested with rat responder lymphocytes. A soluble factor (accessory cell-replacing factor), produced by cultures of lymph node or spleen cells subjected to oxidative mitogenesis, enabled otherwise unresponsive mitogen-treated lymphocytes to respond. Dendritic cells were required for the production of this factor but may not be solely responsible for its production. PMID- 6968912 TI - Selective killing of normal or neoplastic B cells by antibodies coupled to the A chain of ricin. AB - Highly specific antibodies (affinity-purified or hybridoma) directed against cell surface immunoglobulins on normal or neoplastic murine B lymphocytes were covalently coupled to the A chain of the plant toxin ricin. Such conjugates containing antibodies specific for IgM, for either of the two allotypes of IgD, or for the idiotype of the B cell tumor BCL1 rapidly bound in vitro to cells expressing the corresponding surface antigen and inhibited protein synthesis in such cells. The results demonstrate that A chain-coupled anti-idiotype antibody may be useful as a tumor-specific cytotoxic agent. PMID- 6968913 TI - Development and characterization of allospecific long-term human cytolytic T-cell lines. AB - Two long-term human cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines (VE and JR), whose cytolytic activity was dependent upon both irradiated JY cells (the stimulating alloantigen) and T-cell growth factor, were established. These lines were monitored in culture for 6-8 months. Both lines were specific for HLA-A or B antigens or both and the JR line was allospecific for HLA-B7. These CTL lines killed specific target cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 0.4 (VE) or 0.08 (JR). All of the cells, which grow in suspension, rosetted with sheep erythrocytes and reacted with an antiserum specific for human T cells. The CTL line VE was used to raise rabbit antisera that immunoprecipitated two specific polypeptides (78,000 and 33,000 daltons) from labeled membranes of these CTL lines. PMID- 6968914 TI - Anti-Thy 1.2 monoclonal antibody linked to ricin is a potent cell-type-specific toxin. AB - The cell-type specificity of the toxin ricin, which ordinarily binds, enters, and kills cells through receptors containing galactose, has been altered by covalently binding it to a monoclonal antibody and by reversibly binding it to lactose. The antibody, a monoclonal rat IgG2b directed against the Thy 1.2 antigen, provides ricin with a new binding site for the murine thymus cell surface. Addition of lactose saturates the galactose-binding site on ricin and inhibits ricin from binding and killing cells via the galactose-containing receptors. The antibody-ricin hybrid protein, anti-Thy 1.2-ricin, formed with a thioether linkage, has been purified by size exclusion and affinity chromatography. When assayed by inhibition of protein synthesis of EL-4 cells, which express the Thy 1.2 antigen anti-Thy 1.2-ricin is equally as toxic as ricin on a molar basis. The hybrid protein toxicity is unchanged in the presence of 100 mM lactose, whereas unmodified ricin toxicity is reduced to 1% of its toxicity in the absence of lactose. This demonstrates the altered receptor specificity of the ricin hybrid. The cell-type specificity of the anti-Thy 1.2-ricin inhibition of protein synthesis correlates with the presence of the Thy 1.2 antigen. Anti-Thy 1.2-ricin at 4 microgram/ml in the presence of lactose inhibits protein synthesis within 3.5 hr by 60-80% in EL-4 cells but does not affect Thy 1.1 alloantigen and HeLa cells that lack the Thy 1 antigen. Anti-Thy 1.2-ricin in the presence of lactose selectively kills EL-4 cells at concentrations that do not kill AKR-K36 cells. This selectivity, expressed as the ratio of anti-Thy 1.2-ricin concentrations required to kill 40% of both cell types, is 700. Ricin-monoclonal antibody hybrids of this type combine a high degree of cell-type selectivity and toxicity and may have pharmacologic utility as antitumor reagents. PMID- 6968915 TI - Pre- and postsynaptic serotonergic manipulations in an animal model of depression. AB - Rats working on a food-reinforced operant schedule and exhibiting behavioral depression following administration of D,L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) were pretreated with one of three drugs: methysergide, fluoxetine, or amitriptyline. The former two drugs were used to establish a basis for distinguishing between pre- and postsynaptic events. We found that methysergide, a known postsynaptic blocker of serotonin, almost completely abolished the depressive effect of 5-HTP, whereas fluoxetine, a known specific uptake blocker of serotonin, potentiated the depressive effect of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) precursor. Amitriptyline, one of the commonly prescribed antidepressive drugs, reduced the behavioral depression following 5-HTP by approximately 50%. These data indicate that amitriptyline can act as an antagonist of 5-HT at the postsynaptic receptor. The results of this study, as well as those recently reported from CNS membrane binding studies, suggest that the therapeutic effects of some antidepressive drugs may be explained by their postsynaptic rather than presynaptic properties at central serotonergic receptors. Thus, these studies support the hypothesis that some types of human depression may be primarily due to an excess of free 5 HT acting at postsynaptic receptors. PMID- 6968916 TI - Underestimation of Na permeability in muscle cells: implications for the theory of cell potential and for energy requirement of the Na pump. AB - A new method permits, in a complex efflux curve from living cells, identification of the fraction of labeled solute rate-limited by intracellular-extracellular exchange. Using this method, it was found that in Na+ efflux from frog voluntary muscle, the slow fraction conventionally described as rate-limited by membrane permeability is wrongly assigned. Instead, a much faster fraction, usually camouflaged by the efflux of labeled Na+ in the extracellular space, represents the exchange of intra- and extracellular Na+ rate-limited by cell surface permeation. Quantitatively, the result shows that the Na+ permeability constant has up to now been underestimated by a factor of 10. Implications of that finding for the theory of the resting potential, and the minimum energy required of resting frog muscles, are discussed. PMID- 6968919 TI - Unusual neuroradiological features of intracranial cysticercosis. AB - The authors describe various new neuroradiological findings in cysticercosis cerebri. Features discussed include: (a) contrast enhancement in cysticercosis, including enhancement of an intraventricular cyst, basal meningeal enhancement, and enhancement in association with granulomatous reaction to cysticercosis; (b) positional cyst alterations, including cyst mobility and positional changes in cyst configuration; (c) neuroradiological features of foramen of Monro obstruction, which may be unilateral or bilateral, and may be due to cysts or adhesions; and (d) unusual angiographic features, including two cases of ring stains which corresponded to ring enhancement on CT, and a mycotic aneurysm associated with cysticercosis. For this study, the authors evaluated 102 cases of cysticercosis; 12 case reports are presented herein. PMID- 6968918 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic portography for obliteration of gastroesophageal varices in partial and total portal vein occlusion. AB - The obliteration of gastroesophageal varices was attempted with percutaneous transhepatic portography in seven patients who had partial and total portal vein occlusion. The procedure was successful and stopped variceal bleeding in three patients. In three cases only portography was performed, and in another patient the examination was not possible. The possibilities of this new treatment for bleeding in portal vein thrombosis are discussed and the problems encountered in performing the examination are presented. PMID- 6968920 TI - Ultrasound evaluation of cystic intracranial lesions in the neonate. AB - Ultrasound detected cystic intracranial lesions in 18 infants. Lesions included porencephaly (6 infants), hydranencephaly (1 infant), a quadrigeminal cyst (1 infant), Dandy-Walker syndrome (1 infant), and cavum septi pellucidi and Vergae (9 infants). Cystic lesions of the infant brain can be delineated accurately with ultrasound and distinguished from normal ventricular structures. PMID- 6968917 TI - Ambulatory care in the community. AB - To document the volume and kinds of ambulatory care, particularly primary care, being provided in a medically self-contained community, a survey was conducted in a county in a Middle Atlantic State during the summer of 1974 at all sites where physicians provided ambulatory care. These sites included not only physicians' offices, but also the emergency room, public health clinics, and physician patient telephone encounters. Primary care was found to constitute 77 percent of all ambulatory care in the county and to account for 96 percent of all visits to primary care physicians. It also accounted for more than 50 percent of the visits to all physicians except the surgical subspecialists. Most of the primary care visits were for common disorders, common procedures, and common preventive measures. Distinct patterns were observed in the primary care morbidity treated by primary care physicians and that treated by specialists--patterns that seemed appropriate for those practices. The specialties of the physicians who were available to the population may have influenced morbidity patterns in the community surveyed. The primary care provided by primary care specialists appeared to differ in some functional aspects from that provided by other specialists. PMID- 6968921 TI - Quantitative imaging using the Cleon emission tomography system: recent developments. AB - A revised method of correcting for attenuation has been investigated through experiments using discrete sources within a radioactive background. The effects of changing the source size, the source position relative to the central axis, and the ratio of the concentrations in the source and background have been studied. A comparison of the results obtained using old and new attenuation corrections show marked improvement. The measurement of radioactive concentration on the central axis had a typical systematic error of -14%, compared to -60% previously, but is generally dependent on source size, source position, and source and background concentrations. An allowance can be made for this error using experimental data. PMID- 6968922 TI - [Evaluation of cellular immunity in melanoma by means of a modified leukocyte migration inhibition test]. PMID- 6968923 TI - [Evaluation of fetal maturity by amniotic fluid. Hazards from errors by association of two maturity patterns (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968925 TI - [Training therapy for psychiatry residents (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968924 TI - [Contribution of the plain abdominal roentgenogram in the diagnosis of acute attack of pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968926 TI - [Some aspects of the prescription of drugs for gonococcal urethritis in drugstores of Santos, Sao Paulo (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968927 TI - [The rheumatoid foot: pathomechanics of hallux deformities (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968928 TI - [An analysis of 500 cases of gastric cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968929 TI - [Surgical treatment of interdigital callus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968930 TI - [Intrathoracic stomach. A study of structural and functional alterations and of long term results (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968931 TI - [The average monthly cost of drug treatment of rheumatoid disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968932 TI - [Acute poisoning treated in intensive care (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968933 TI - [Accidents and incidents in anesthesia: analysis of causes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968935 TI - [Socio-economical aspects of patients of the governmental health service with duodenal ulcer and indication for surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968934 TI - [Incidence and pathological anatomy of pulmonary thromboembolism in autopsies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968936 TI - [Buschke-Lowenstein's tumor: giant condyloma acuminatum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968937 TI - [Intramural haematoma of the duodenum. Presentation of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968938 TI - [Accuracy of anaeroid sphygmomanometers currently used at the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968939 TI - [Aneurism of the hepatic artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968940 TI - [Radiological aspects of genitourinary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968942 TI - [Leukemia and other neoplasms possibly induced by immunosuppressors in non malignant diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968943 TI - [Structure of a scientific report. Motive of the different parts of a thesis or review article (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968944 TI - [Sliding skin grafts in the treatment of anal strictures (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968941 TI - [Vesical schistosomiasis mansoni simulating a tumor. Report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968945 TI - [Double pylorus; report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968947 TI - [Pulmonary embolism by bullet (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968946 TI - [Recurrence of dysphagia following surgical treatment for megaesophagus. Analysis of determining factors. Study of 38 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968948 TI - [Diet and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6968949 TI - [Hypertension and alcoholism]. PMID- 6968951 TI - [Functional aspects in lung condensation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968952 TI - [Hiatoplasties. An experimental study in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968953 TI - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome in upper digestive hemorrhage. Study of 32 cases]. PMID- 6968950 TI - [Conservative treatment of bowel perforation complicating chronic peritoneal dialysis. Report of six cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968954 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of splenic cyst]. PMID- 6968955 TI - [Restoration of the alimentary transit after extensive subtotal gastrectomy due to cancer located in the distal portion of the stomach]. PMID- 6968956 TI - [Surgical treatment of tumors of the junction of the hepatic ducts]. PMID- 6968957 TI - [Hiatoplasties. Experimental study in rabbits]. PMID- 6968958 TI - [Single daily dose of amikacin in the treatment of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 6968959 TI - [Reye's syndrome. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 6968961 TI - Biochemical changes in the rheumatic disorders. PMID- 6968960 TI - [Immunology and periodontal disease]. PMID- 6968962 TI - Effects of norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors on electrically-induced spinal cord seizures in rats. AB - Nisoxetine and desipramine (inhibitors of norepinephrine reuptake) each exerted a suppressant effect on spinal cord seizures by decreasing the duration of tonic extension. In addition, desipramine increased the duration of tonic flexion and nisoxetine decreased the total duration of seizure. In contrast, citalopram (an inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake) did not affect any of these seizure components. These observations support the concept that spinal cord noradrenergic, but not 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurons act as attenuators of convulsive activity. PMID- 6968963 TI - [Effect of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the availability of Fc receptor of the lymphocytes of normal subjects]. PMID- 6968964 TI - [Reactivity of T-lymphotyes of normal subjects in relation to age and sex]. PMID- 6968965 TI - [Fiberoptic endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with hypochromic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6968967 TI - National health insurance: some general considerations for the nursing profession. PMID- 6968966 TI - Sports nutrition--fact or falacy. Part I. PMID- 6968968 TI - Educational Resource Center. PMID- 6968969 TI - The professional nurse in career education. PMID- 6968970 TI - School nurses focus on abused children. PMID- 6968971 TI - Effect of levamisole on immunological parameters in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Parameters of cell-mediated and humoral immunity were examined in 8 patients with clinically inactive SLE undergoing levamisole treatment. Lymphocyte transformation with PHA and PMW was temporarily increased in the first month of therapy; at the same time absolute numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes, T cells and B cells increased slightly. However, these differences were not significant statistically. In 1 patient with a diminished percentage of T cells and an increased percentage of B cells, levamisole induced normalization. Antibodies to DNA decreased in 6 patients, while titres of ANA decreased only in one patient. Serum levels of C1q and C3 increased in 7 and 3 patients, respectively. Four patients were treated with levamisole for 12 months, during which time there was neither clinical exacerbation nor deterioration of renal function and the concomitant corticosteroid therapy could be reduced. PMID- 6968972 TI - 'Rheumatic' hand symptoms as a clue to undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6968974 TI - A mechanical complication with a balloon-tipped catheter during open-heart surgery. PMID- 6968973 TI - Left ventricular pump function before and after aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - Ten patients with severe effort angina and with left ventricular dysfunction during exercise before operation underwent haemodynamic and angiographic studies in average 20 months after coronary artery bypass surgery. Five patients (50%) were completely asymptomatic after operation(group I). The other five (group II) were still limited physically because of anginal pain, although two were much improved. Pre-operatively there was no significant difference in the severity of the disease, as judged from case histories, work tests and haemodynamic and angiographic findings between the two groups. The working capacity of the patients in group II was not increased significantly post-operatively. Their coronary arteriograms revealed unsatisfactory surgical results. In two patients, one significantly stenosed vessel was not bypassed because of poor run-off. In the other three patients, one graft was closed. Left ventricular function curves showed no significant improvement of left ventricular pump function. In group I, working capacity increased significantly, all stenoses of major coronary vessels were bypassed and all grafts were patent. Left ventricular function showed an almost normal response during exercise. These findings suggest that left ventricular dysfunction due to ischaemia can be significantly improved by coronary bypass and that there is a good correlation between clinical, haemodynamic and angiographic findings. PMID- 6968975 TI - Effects of xylene and alcohol on vestibular and visual functions in man. AB - Ten healthy male volunteers were exposed for 4 h to two concentrations [6 and 11.5 mumol/l (636 and 1,218 mg/m3)] of m-xylene or/and given single doses (0.4 and 0.8 g/kg) of ethyl alcohol. Exposure to two xylene concentrations combined with the higher dose (0.8 g/kg) of alcohol was also conducted. Vestibular functions (positional nystagmus with electronystagmography, body balance) and visual function (flicker fusion) were measured. Both alcohol doses increased body sway and the intensity of nystagmus more than either concentration of xylene did, but they had little effect on visual functions. The effects of alcohol on vestibular functions were dose-dependent. The effects of xylene alone on the vestibular system were rather small, and those on the visual functions negligible. The combined effect of alcohol and the lower concentration of xylene (6 mumol/l) on body sway was additive, but the higher xylene concentration (11.5 mumol/l) antagonized the effect of alcohol on body sway and positional nystagmus. Two subjects experienced nausea and vomited exposure to alcohol and the higher xylene concentration. Mild impairment in visual functions was noted in the combined exposure. Alcohol significantly increased the blood m-xylene concentrations, a finding that suggests that their antagonism was pharmacodynamic rather than pharmacokinetic. PMID- 6968976 TI - War gases as olfactory probes. AB - The tear gas ethyl bromoacetate is a fruity-smelling alkylating agent that blocks the ability of the frog nose to respond to esters and a variety of other odorants, but leaves sensitivity to amines unimpaired. Lachrymators and chemical warfare agents of other functional types such as sulfides (mustard gas) and amines (nitrogen mustards) may have similarly specific actions that will enable their use as chemical probes of the sense of smell. PMID- 6968977 TI - Axillofemoral bypass grafts using polytetrafluoroethylene. AB - More liberal indications for axillofemoral bypass grafts have recently been advocated if long-term patency were comparable to aortic bypass procedures. A clinical trial of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) axillofemoral grafts was instituted in an attempt to maximize graft patency. The theoretic advantages of this material were: (1) a more rigid tube graft, (2) a surface impermeable to blood, (3) a thin pseudointima, and (4) better tissue incorporation. During the last two years, 29 axillofemoral bypass grafts of PTFE have been inserted. Four have failed, one of them now functioning after successful thrombectomization. The cumulative patency rate (life table) for 21 months is 79% "patent" grafts and 84% "functioning" grafts. Six patients have died (21%). There have been three complications, all involving avulsion of the graft at the proximal or distal anastomosis. There have been no infections. Our early results support broadened indications for axillofemoral grafts, since patency rates are comparable to those for aortoiliac/femoral grafts in many series. The characteristics of PTFE appear to be largely responsible for the early success of these grafts, with minimized blood loss and graft hematomas. Great care is required in sizing this rigid tube because tension may produce graft avulsion. PMID- 6968978 TI - Supraglottitis in children: evaluation and management. AB - Supraglottitis is a life-threatening illness characterized by inflammation of the supraglottic structures including the epiglottis, arytenoids, aryepiglottic folds, and ventricular bands. This paper is a comprehensive review of the etiology, epidemiology, pathology, differential diagnosis, natural course, complications, and management of supraglottitis. A high index of suspicion is required to properly interpret the historical, physical, and radiologic findings. As soon as the diagnosis of supraglottitis is established, the airway sould be secured by either an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy followed by antibiotic and supportive therapy. PMID- 6968979 TI - Susceptibility of Salmonella typhi to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. AB - Salmonella typhi isolated from the patients admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, were tested by the tube dilution method and the disc diffusion method against chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. Forty-five percent of the S.typhi were resistant to chloramphenicol (MIC greater than or equal to 50 microgram/ml) while 5% were resistant to ampicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 12.5 microgram/ml). Only 1% of the S. typhi was found to be resistant to cotrimoxazole (MIC greater than or equal to 168 microgram of trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole per ml.) Based on these results, the drug of choice for typhoid fever would be cotrimoxazole, especially when drug sensitivity test is not immediately available. PMID- 6968980 TI - Massive intestinal haemorrhage leading to exploratory laparotomy in a child with hookworm infection. AB - A case of Necator americanus infection associated with massive intestinal hemorrhage is reported. This is believed to be the first report in Thailand. PMID- 6968981 TI - [Treatment of esophageal varices after repeated surgery in children]. PMID- 6968982 TI - Retirement patterns for self-employed workers. PMID- 6968983 TI - Ventilatory support of the quadriplegic patient with respiratory paralysis by diaphragm pacing. PMID- 6968984 TI - Shunts for variceal hemorrhage: why? when? what? PMID- 6968986 TI - Intraoperative angiography and the localization of bleeding from the small intestine. AB - A technique of intraoperative angiography involving the use of metallic clips and a comparison with preoperative vascular anatomy has proved quite useful in localizing the site of bleeding from the small intestine. This safe, relatively simple technique, can be a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis of the source of obscure, major bleeding from the small intestine. PMID- 6968985 TI - Massive colonic hemorrhage. PMID- 6968987 TI - Clinical and experimental immunobiology of medulloblastomas. AB - A wide pre- and postoperative immunological monitoring of B- and T-cell markers in children with medulloblastomas is presented. Preoperative investigations showed a noticeable failure of T-cell-dependent immunity, currently identified by "active" E-rosette forming cells (Ea-RFC) and blastogenesis tests, with a significant increase of spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC). In postoperative long-term controls, a slight recovery of Ea-RFC and blastogenesis tests was observed. The main findings concerning cytotoxicity kinetics are discussed. PMID- 6968988 TI - Chronic subdural hematoma in the cerebellopontine angle. AB - A 32-year-old man had the clinical and radiological features of a mass lesion in the left cerebellopontine angle. Surgical exploration revealed a cyst containing 20 ml of altered blood. Microscopic examination of the cyst wall showed the structure of an organizing hematoma in the subdural space. The patient, on repeated questioning, denied a history of head injury. PMID- 6968990 TI - [Clinico-laboratory parallels and diagnostic principles in von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6968989 TI - Arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern. AB - The case report of an infant girl with hydrocephalus due to an arachnoid cyst situated at the posterior end of the third ventricle is described. The mechanism of fluid accumulation in the cyst and the choice of surgical treatment are discussed. PMID- 6968991 TI - Predicting the need for postcardiotomy intraaortic balloon pumping in 243 adult patients. PMID- 6968992 TI - Histological survey of the saphenous vein before its use as autologous aortocoronary bypass graft. AB - A histological examination has been carried out on the saphenous veins used in 150 consecutive patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass. Morphological changes were observed frequently and consisted mainly of fibrosis of the intima and of the medial longitudinal muscular layer. Intimal fibrosis was rarely severe enough to narrow the lumen significantly. Statistical analysis disclosed that the fibrosis of the intima and the medial longitudinal muscular layer do not increase with age. The use of frozen histological sections of the saphenous vein in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass operations could be considered in order to discard unsuitable grafts and to direct the surgeon to alternative conduits. PMID- 6968993 TI - An immunosuppressive factor in the serum of patients with schistosomiasis. PMID- 6968994 TI - Evaluation of a low-ionic-strength solution-monospecific anti-IgG antiglobulin technique for donor antibody screening. AB - Three different techniques of antibody screening of donor bloods were sequentially evaluated. Group I (16,300 donors) was a standard saline-albumin-AHG technique utilizing polyvalent serum, including incubation at room temperature. In Group II (26,243 donors), incubations (including room temperature) were performed in LISS, and monovalent anti-IgG serum was used. For Group III (15,840 donors), the room temperature incubation was not used for the LISS-IgG method of Group II. The three methods were comparable in terms of detection of clinically significant antibodies, while in Group III the detection of clinically nonsignificant antibodies was eliminated. Cost analysis indicates that for a donor center processing approximately 50,000 units per year and willing to prepare its own LISS solutions, conversion to LISS-IgG could produce a savings of between $5,000 and $8,000 per year. LISS-IgG is thus a sensitive and economical technique highly recommended for the donor center committed to manual donor antibody screening. PMID- 6968995 TI - Strategies for generating monoclonal antibodies defining human t-lymphocyte differentiation antigens. PMID- 6968996 TI - [T-lymphocyte reactivity in inbred mice during pregnancy]. AB - Blast-transformation of lymphocytes of pregnant and control mice of three lines was studied after their in vitro stimulation with phytohemaglutinin. There was no significant difference between lymphocyte transformation in pregnant and control mice, and the blood sera of pregnant animals do not inhibit blast-transformation. The responsiveness of CBA strain lymphocytes was higher than that of BALB/C and C57BL strains. PMID- 6968997 TI - [Clinical characteristics and the endoscopic diagnosis of large intestine diverticula]. PMID- 6968998 TI - [Electrotherapy of bronchitis and pneumonias]. PMID- 6968999 TI - [Histochemical studies of the immunomorphological state of the regional lymph nodes in stomach cancer]. AB - Histochemically (including the determination of RNA, acid and alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATP-ase) the kinetics of the T-and B-cell region representation in regional lymph nodes has been studied in 54 gastric cancer patients. Four types of regional immune reactions were distinguished with regard to which the frequency of regional metastases and the survival rate in 30 patients were followed up. Metastatic involvement of the lymph nodes with morphohistochemical signs typical for the first type of immune response was found to occur in 2 of 14 cases, in 12 of 20 cases according to the second and in 4 of 16 cases according to the third one. If the group comprising 8 patients with activization of the regional immune protection according to the cell type showed an average survival of 8.7 months, in 22 patients with a predominance of the 2-4 types of regional immune reactions a shorter survival was noted, on average 5.1, 4.3 and 0.7 months correspondingly. PMID- 6969000 TI - [Changes in the blood serum protein spectrum depending on the B-lymphocyte content in hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 6969001 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6969002 TI - [Differential diagnosis of lung cancer and chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 6969003 TI - Ethical influences of family decisions regarding election of treatment. PMID- 6969004 TI - [Stage Ic cancer of the cervix. A clinical and immunological analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Marked differences in cases of stage I cervical carcinoma, dependent on the extent of tissue involvement, are demonstrated by retrospective, prognostic as well als by prospective, immunological investigations. It seems recommendable to separate cases of a newly-defried stage Ib from stage Ic. The prognosis of these stage Ic cases is even worse than of stage IIa cases. As this subgrouping can be carried out only post-operatively, the preoperative assignment of cases to different stages should not be used for assessing the operative results. PMID- 6969005 TI - [Chances of error and diagnostic errors in diseases of the stomach and the upper duodenum from an internistic and endoscopic viewpoint]. PMID- 6969006 TI - [The problem-oriented case report--a method for the improvement of clinical training]. AB - Abroad in the clinical education of the students the problem-oriented case report after Weed stood the test as a new training principle. In contrast to the classical case report the complaints and findings are formulated as problems and summarized in a list of problems. As problem is regarded what needs a diagnostic or therapeutic solution or a change of the patient's behaviour. For solution of the problem in a second step, the plan, the establishment of the ways of solution for every problem is done. In the notices of the course, the third part, the newly got findings are distributed to the adequate problems and their valency for the solution of the problem is tested. As advantages for the training are regarded: the establishment of the problems is more complete, the classification of psychic, social and health-educational problems is simpler. The physician is compelled to go over from the fixation on an individual problem to the valuation of all problems and to the correlations of several problems. Thus in the increasing specialisation an integrating role belongs to the problem-orientated case report. Independent formulation of the problems, development of the diagnostic and therapeutic steps, classification and valuation of their results in the notices of the course further the own responsibility of the student and renders possible a better control for the clinical instructor. The problem oriented case report also forms the prerequisites for a problem-related letter of the physician. PMID- 6969007 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy using technetium-99m-diphosphate in combination with selective coronary perfusion scintigraphy and coronary angiography]. AB - The findings of the scintigraphy of the myocardium with Technetium-99m diphosphonate (Tc-99m-DP) of 45 patients with nearly exclusively ischaemic heart disease were compared with those of the selective coronary angiography and those of the selective coronary perfusion scintigraphy. 12 patients exhibited an enlargement of the activity in the myocardium (positive scintigramme). These cases were particularly described in this paper. The levocardiogramme proved disturbances of the motility of the walls in 6 patients. In 5 patients a positive scintigramme of the myocardium was registered. Therefore, the scintigraphy of the myocardium with Tc-99m-DP is regarded as a supplementing, non-invasive method for the diagnosis of more pronounced disturbances of the motility of the heart wall. Furthermore, positive scintigrammes of the myocardium were registered in angina pectoris, condition after aorto-coronary bypass-operation, cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. Since the scintigraphy of the myocardium with Tc-99m-DP is a sensitive method for the poor of cell lesions of the myocardium, it allows a judgment of the floridity of the myocardial process. From this among other results that the scintigraphy of the myocardium may be a help for the indication to the aorto-coronary bypass operation. Clear relations between the scintigraphy of the myocardium, the number of the coronary-sclerotically changed heart vessels and the development of stenosation are not to be established. An immediate connection between the size of the disturbance of the perfusion and the results of the scintigraphy of the myocardium is also not to be recognized. PMID- 6969008 TI - [Effect of stimulation of structures causing an escape reaction on the self stimulation reaction in rats]. AB - The effect of emotionally negative actions with various intensities, on the activity of the positively reinforcing brain system was studied in chronic experiments on rats. In each rat "purely" negative and positive sites were determined by well-known methods of pedal self-stimulation, of reactions of active and passive avoidance. It was shown that elimination of both central and peripheral negative actions enhances the activity of the positive reinforcement system; complex neurophysiological relations exist between systems of positive and negative reinforcement which cannot be defined solely as a reciprocal interaction. PMID- 6969009 TI - [Plasticity of frog cerebellar neurons in vitro]. PMID- 6969010 TI - [Apparatus for studying equilibrium in small laboratory animals]. PMID- 6969011 TI - [Ureolytic activity in the intestinal tract of layers, effects of bacitracin and flavomycin (author's transl)]. AB - Counting of bacteria, detection of urease-positive bacteria and estimation of bacterial ureolysis influenced by Bacitracin and Flavomycin was done on intestinal contents from different segments of the digestive tract of laying hens. It was concluded that: - the intestinal flora was numerically most important in the caecum and was composed principally of lactobacilli in the crop, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and of lactobacilli and anaerobes in the caecum and colon. - 17% of the total number of intestinal bacteria were urease positive. - the ureolytic activity was most important in the caecum: 24 mg of urea hydrolysed/g of contents during 4 hours of incubation. The range is between 2 and 4 mg in the other segments. - until the level of 500 ppm, Bacitracin and Flavomycin did not influence the in vitro ureolytic activity of fecal and cecal material. PMID- 6969013 TI - [Rosette forming activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in acute purulent surgical diseases]. PMID- 6969012 TI - [Immunologic responses in the dynamics of the establishment of postvaccinal measles immunity]. AB - The comparative study of the humoral and cellular characteristics of antimeasles immunity in children immunized with live measles vaccine Ji-16, and in children having had measles revealed that both "wild" and vaccine strains of measles virus induced similar changes in the organism of the child: the synthesis of specific antibodies belonging to different physico-chemical classes, changes in the content of different serum immunoglobulins and the suppression of the blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphoyctes to phitohemagglutinins. The changes suggest that both T- and B-lymphocytes took part in the formation of antimeasles immunity, but all these processes were more pronounced during the formation of postinfection immunity. PMID- 6969014 TI - [Characteristics of cellular immune reactions in animals vaccinated with smallpox and ADPT vaccines]. AB - Immunization with absorbed DPT vaccine in 1 or 3 subcutaneous injections, as well as the intradermal or intracardiac immunization of guinea pigs with smallpox vaccine resulted in the accumulation of 0-positive lymphoyctes, determined by the cytotoxic test, in the lymph nodes. On the 7th day after the intracardiac injection of smallpox vaccine in massive doses a sharp decrease in the content of 0-positive lymphocytes was observed. The number of small lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulin receptors detected by immunofluorescence remains unchanged in the animals of all groups at any period of the experiment. PMID- 6969015 TI - [Pathogenesis of infantile cerebral palsy]. AB - Some causes of the pathological activity of postural reflexes and other motor disturbances underlying the clinical picture of infantile cerebral paralysis are considered. It is shown that disturbed metabolism of corticosteroids observed in that disease, as well as impaired functional activity of T lymphocytes promote the development of both inflammatory and neuroimmune processes in the brain, mainly in large hemispheres--and this may be one of the causes of the pathological postural activity. PMID- 6969016 TI - [Vestibulometry in young children with infantile cerebral palsy]. AB - A total of 648 vestibulometric observations of young children suffering from infantile cerebral paralysis revealed diverse vestibular disorders in 85% of the cases. Electronystagmographic findings make it possible to evaluate the functional potentialities of the child's brain in the conditions of cerebral pathology. A certain connection between the vestibular and the motor disturbances is noted. A high sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus to intracranial hypertension in the stage of its clinical compensation is revealed. The vestibulometric findings are used for forecasting the disease outcome and diagnosing disturbances of not only the vestibular, but also of the visual analyzer. The results of the study make it possible to evaluate the sick child's state most completely as early, as in the initial stages of the disease, and to outline the therapeutic strategy. PMID- 6969019 TI - Sacroiliac joint involvement in classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In 188 patients with rheumatoid arthritis 564 radiologic examinations of the sacroiliac joints were performed. Severe blurring of the joint space or ankylosis were uncommon. The involvement was related to an age > 40 years at the onset, high values of the ESR and involvement of most joint groups in the limbs and cervical spine. Sex, presence or high titres of the rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies were unrelated to lesions of the sacroiliac joints. A relation to the severity of rheumatoid arthritis rather than to the immunologic condition is suggested. PMID- 6969017 TI - [Intrahemorrhagic esophagogastroduodenofibroscopy. Survey in the city of Rosario]. AB - 1.897 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) were studied and the cause was diagnosed in 1.756 (92.6%). The most frequently found pathology was the acute bleeding gastropathy (24.5%). Considering the gastric duodenal and anastomotic ulcer as a whole, in 47.5% of the cases the ulcer was observed. Both pathologies together make out that 72 out of 100 patients with UGIB have bleeding due to an ulcer or gastritis. It comes out that the low incidence of neoplasy as a consequence of UGIB and that the 31% of the diagnosed pathology could not have been diagnosed by X-ray. PMID- 6969018 TI - Peripheral neuropathy in mouse hereditary diabetes mellitus. I. Comparison of neurologic, histologic, and morphometric parameters with dystonic mice. AB - C57BL/KsJ db/db inbred mice have an hereditary autosomal recessive disease resembling in some respects maturity onset human diabetes mellitus. At 8--11 months of age, they displayed intermittent symptoms suggestive of a mild sensory neuropathy. These symptoms consisted of adduction of their hind limbs and flexing hind paws when raised by the tail, and inability to maintain their position on the roto wheel. Peripheral nerves and sensory ganglia of the diabetic mice were compared with those of the unafflicted littermates and studied with respect to Schwann cell counts and myelinated nerve fiber diameter measurements. In addition, teased fibers of peripheral nerves were compared for obvious changes in internodal distance and demyelination. Chromatolytic neurons were moe abundant in lumbosacral spinal ganglia of diabetic mice than in corresponding ganglia of controls or in more anterior spinal ganglia and trigeminal ganglia of diabetics. Histologic studies showed an increase in Schwann cell counts in longitudinal sections of peripheral nerves. A similar but larger increase was observed in peripheral nerves of mice affected with an hereditary sensory neuropathy, dystonia musculorum. A small but general decrease in myelinated fiber diameter was observed in sensory and motor nerves. PMID- 6969020 TI - Predominant B-lymphocyte deficiency in a case with lymph node disease resembling angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. AB - A case with clinical and histological features resembling angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, but with a very marked decrease in B-lymphocytes instead of T lymphocytes is presented. PMID- 6969021 TI - Interaction of cholinergic and dopaminergic influences on yawning behavior. AB - The possible interaction between cholinergic and dopaminergic influences in the induction of yawning behavior in the rat is explored resorting to several experimental approaches: comparison of the ontogeny of yawning behavior induced by physostigmine (0.15 mg/kg) and apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg); simultaneous injection of both drugs; "crossed blocking" experiments, in which the action of the cholinomimetic agent is examined after injection of spiroperidol (0.05 mg/kg) and that of apomorphine after scopolamine (0.25 mg/kg). While physostigmine elicited yawning is highest in early postnatal days and tends to decline from the 7th day onwards, reaching its lowest level around 3 wk, yawning induced by apomorphine begins around the 9th day and increases thereafter to a plateau that is reached in the third week. No synergism on yawning behavior is observed by simultaneous injection of optimal or suboptimal doses of physostigmine and apomorphine. Scopolamine blocks apomorphine-induced yawning; spiroperidol blocks apomorphine- but potentiates physostigmine-induced yawning, both in 15-day-old and young adult rats. Two 5-HT uptake blockers, citalopram (10-20 mg/kg) and fluoxetin (10-20 mg/kg) potentiate physostigmine - but not apomorphine-elicited yawning. On the basis of these results a tentative model of "in series" organization of dopaminergic and cholinergic influences on yawning behavior is proposed. PMID- 6969022 TI - Marijuana use, occupational success values and materialistic orientations of university students: a research note. PMID- 6969023 TI - Sequential use of drugs and alcohol: a reexamination of the stepping-stone hypothesis. AB - This study examines sequential use of various drugs and alcohol among 1544 subjects being treated for substance abuse in 10 treatment centers. Several models were developed to examine drug usage with respect to specific lags dealing with the number of years between periods of beginning use of different types of drugs. The models also assessed the relationships between the lags from first to regular use of specific drugs. Length of use and amount of the drug used first in a sequence are associated with the lag from regular use of that drug to regular use of another drug--especially when the initial drug is marijuana. Contrary to expectation, shorter lags from first to regular alcohol use point toward longer lags from regular alcohol use to use of other drugs. However, the lag from first to regular alcohol use is positively related to the lag from first to regular marijuana use. PMID- 6969024 TI - Prevalence, incidence and duration. AB - Prevalence, incidence and duration of a condition or illness in a steady-state population are interrelated in such a way that two of these quantities may be used to obtain the third. Data may be collected in the most expedient manner, either as prevalence or incidence series of cases, and the results expressed as both incidence and prevalence. Information about the distribution of total durations of the condition in an incidence series of cases, or about the distribution of total durations or durations-to-date in a prevalence series is necessary in order to use these relations between prevalence and incidence of a condition or illness. The duration of a condition may be taken as one measure of the effect of the condition or illness on a population, and a "treatment effect" measured by comparing two populations may be termed the etiologic duration. Exact methods are presented for interconverting the distribution of total durations of condition among prevalence and incidence series of cases arising from the same steady-state population. Both prevalence and incidence series of cases may naturally arise in the same epidemiologic study, such as the initiation and conduct of a periodic screening program, and under certain conditions the size and even the direction of the etiologic duration may differ as measured in corresponding prevalence and incidence series of cases. PMID- 6969025 TI - Infectious mononucleosis and acute lymphoblastic leukemia--hand mirror cells: a qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural study. AB - The hand mirror cell (HMC) in infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a T cell which appears at the time of improvement and apparently has an important role in immune surveillance. Fifty electron micrographs of HMC from an unusual untreated patient with ALL-HMC variant were compared to 50 electron micrographs of HMC from five patients beginning to recover from IM. Quantitative differences between the IM HMC and ALL-HMC were observed in multivariate analysis of variance (p < 0.001), nuclear perimeter (p < 0.0001), nuclear length (p < 0.0001), cytoplasmic length (p < 0.0001), total cell area (p < 0.0001), cytoplasmic area (p < 0.0001) and nuclear cytoplasmic ratio (p < 0.004), and numbers of mitochondria (p < 0.001). The qualitative differences included greater nuclear irregularity in the IM-HMC, and prominent nucleolonema in some of the ALL-HMC. In addition, the IM-HMC showed more polyribosomes, parallel tubular arrays and microtubules, but much less glycogen. Since the IM-HMC apparently enter effectively into immune surveillance, and some cases of ALL have HMC, the ultrastructural similarities and differences above contribute to a better understanding of the importance of this unique cell configuration in benign and malignant disorders. PMID- 6969026 TI - Dysgranulopoietic neutropenia and abnormal monocytes in childhood vitamin B12 deficiency. AB - Neutropenia and/or leukopenia (associated with elevated serum lysozyme levels) in three children with vitamin B12 deficiency were evaluated using soft agar culture and ultrastructural and cytochemical techniques. In two patients a marked increase in peripheral myeloid colony forming cells (CFC) was observed; whereas a marginal increase in CFC was present in the third, less symptomatic, patient. Marrow CFC was normal or slightly increased. Serum colony stimulating activity (CSA) was normal but elaboration of CSA by white blood cells was low. Normal maturation of the progenitors was present in vitro and serum inhibitors of myelopoiesis were absent. Megaloblastic neutrophils and monocytes with nuclear cytoplasmic asynchrony were observed ultrastructurally in directly sampled marrow specimens. These cells contained autophagic and/or heterophagic vacuoles and an increase in cytoplasmic granules. Both monocytes and neutrophils also contained enlarged-disrupted centrioles. Many marrow macrophages contained phagocytic vacuoles, which enclosed disrupted neutrophils and cellular debris. PMID- 6969028 TI - Systemic involvement and immunologic findings in patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - Systemic involvement and spectrum of autoantibodies were evaluated in 91 patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon. Decreased pulmonary diffusing capacity was observed in 23 percent, esophageal hypomotility in 14 percent and renal involvement in 5 percent of the patients, all without clinical symptoms. Arthralgia or a history of arthritis was present in 27 percent and skin abnormalities in 30 percent. Extent of systemic involvement was correlated with the severity of Raynaud's phenomenon, as measured by photoelectric plethysmography (r = 0.38; p < 0.01). In addition, both the variety of different autoantibodies in the serum of individual patients and the titer of antinuclear antibodies were positively correlated with the number of affected organ systems (r = 0.63; p < 0.01 and r = 0.65; p < 0.01, respectively). Raynaud's phenomenon is an important clinical sign of asymptomatic systemic disease. Measurements of its severity and serologic parameters are helpful in predicting the extent of systemic involvement. PMID- 6969029 TI - Ba2+ inhibition of electrogenic Cl- secretion in vitro frog and piglet gastric mucosa. AB - Gastric mucosae from frogs and newborn pigs were used for in vitro investigation of the effects of Ba2+ (10 microM to 7 mM) on transepithelial potential difference (PD), resistance and conductance (G), short-circuit current (Isc), H+ secretion, and transepithelial fluxes of 36Cl-. Ba2+ in the serosal, but not the mucosal, solution of both preparations caused PD, G, Isc, and Cl- secretion (JnetCl, Isc conditions) to decrease, while H+ secretion remained constant. Because the oxyntic cells were most likely the site of action for Ba2+, these cells must have the capacity to secrete Cl- in excess of H+ ions. The inhibitory effect of Ba2+ was not due to competition in the serosal membrane by Ba2+ for surface charges, Ca2+ sites, Na+ sites, or Cl- sites. When [K+] in both the mucosal and serosal solutions or in just the serosal solution ([K+]s) alone was increased to 10 mM, the inhibitory effects of low [Ba2+] were reduced; however, at higher [Ba2+], Isc was stimulated. At least part of the Ba2+ effect seems to be due to blockage of K+ channels in the serosal membrane of oxyntic cells. High [K+]s also caused decreased PD and Isc (but increased G) with no change in H+ secretion. It is proposed that during Isc conditions, JnetCl involves a neutral Na+-dependent accumulation of Cl- within oxyntic cells and a passive, conductive efflux fromthe cells into the mucosal solution. Ba2+ and high [K+] may alter this transport by depolarizing and, under certain conditions, hyperpolarizing intracellular voltage. PMID- 6969027 TI - Mechanisms of levamisole-induced granulocytopenia in breast cancer patients. AB - Five of 39 (13%) women treated with adjuvant combination chemotherapy plus levamisole immunotherapy after mastectomy for Stage II or III breast cancer developed levamisole-induced granulocytopenia. This complication occurred in each of the women between six and ten weeks after the completion of six months of combination chemoimmunotherapy when they were taking levamisole alone. Although none of the patients had an HLA B-27 locus and leukoagglutinins could not be demonstrated, complement-dependent, IgM mediated, peripheral destruction of granulocytes was documented using a microgranulocytotoxicity assay. In addition, a factor(s) present in serum from patients developing levamisole-induced granulocytopenia caused suppression of bone marrow granulocyte progenitor cells (CFU-C). The possible relationships between levamisole-induced peripheral granulocyte destruction and bone marrow CFU-C suppression are discussed. PMID- 6969030 TI - Stimulation of HCO3- transport in isolated proximal bullfrog duodenum by prostaglandins. AB - An in vitro preparation of proximal duodenum from the bullfrog transported alkali into the luminal solution (approximately 1 mueq x h-1 x cm-2) and generated a transepithelial electrical potential difference (5-10 mV, lumen negative). Transport was inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol (10(-5) M), CN- (5 X 10(-3) M), indomethacin (5 X 10(-5) M), and acetazolamide (5 X 10(-3) M) indicating that metabolism is required. Both alkali transport and the electrical potential difference showed a dose-dependent increase on administration of the prostaglandins E2, 16,16-dimethyl E2, and F2 alpha. The minimal concentration stimulating transport was lower with the E-type prostaglandins (10(-8) M than with F2 alpha (10(-6) M), and the former also produced greater maximal responses. In addition to metabolic-dependent transport of alkali, there was passive transmucosal migration of HCO3-, amounting to approximately 40% of basal (unstimulated) transport and sensitive to variation of the transmucosal hydrostatic pressure. Morphological examination showed that the preparation is devoid of Brunner glands. Stimulation of duodenal epithelial HCO3- transport by prostaglandins may contribute to their previously demonstrated ability to prevent duodenal ulceration. PMID- 6969031 TI - Temperature dependence of blood viscosity in frogs and turtles: effect on heat exchange with environment. AB - The temperature dependence of the viscosity of blood from frogs and turtles has been assessed for temperatures between 5 and 40 degrees C. Viscosity of turtles' blood was, on average, reduced from 3.50 +/- 0.16 to 2.13 +/- 0.10 cP between 10 and 30 degrees C, a decline of 39%. Even larger changes in viscosity were observed for frogs' blood with viscosity falling from 4.55 +/- 0.32 to 2.55 +/- 0.25 cP over the same temperature range, a change of 44%. Blood viscosity was highly correlated with hematocrit in both species at all temperatures. Viscosity of blood from both frogs and turtles showed a large standard deviation at all temperatures and this was attributed to large individual-to-individual variations in hematocrit. Turtles heat faster than they cool, regardless of whether tests are performed at temperatures above or below the range of thermal preference. The effect of temperature dependence of blood viscosity on heating and cooling rates is demonstrated. PMID- 6969032 TI - Uptake and incorporation of phosphate by frog gastric mucosa. AB - Labeled inorganic phosphate (32Pi) was used to follow uptake and incorporation of phosphate into high-energy intermediates of isolated bullfrog gastric mucosa. Dependence of uptake on levels of external Pi showed both saturable nonsaturable components. Measurements at 25 microM Pi, a level at which the saturable component was predominant, showed a strong dependence of Pi uptake on external Na+ and pH. Labeling of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate was rapid, followed by labeling of adenosine 5'-diphosphate, probably by way of adenylate kinase. Both alkaline nutrient pH and the uncoupling agent, dinitrophenol, reduced labeling of ATP with a concomitant inhibition of acid secretion. A feasible interpretation is that dinitrophenol acts by diminishing mitochondrial production of ATP, whereas alkaline pH reduces the utilization of ATP by the K+-ATPase considered to be responsible for acid production. The results thus agree with the hypothesis that ATP is the immediate substrate for secretion: only a part of the tissue ATP is directly available to the acid producing mechanism, however. PMID- 6969033 TI - Poor premorbid adjustment and CT scan abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia. AB - The authors evaluated the premorbid adjustment of 51 chronic schizophrenic patients by retrospective chart analysis using a novel scale. Those patients with CT evidence suggestive of brain atrophy had significantly worse premorbid scores, particularly during childhood, than did the patients with normal scans. This finding provides further support for the clinical relevance of CT findings in chronic schizophrenic patients and implicates a neuropathological process that occurs early in development. PMID- 6969034 TI - Psychosocial outcome after coronary artery surgery. AB - To describe psychosocial adaptation after coronary artery surgery and to identify preoperative factors associated with good outcome, the authors interviewed 30 patients before and 1--2 years after surgery. Despite good physiologic outcome (as measured by treadmill and cardiac function) this sample was found to be functioning poorly. Eighty-three percent were unemployed, and 57% were sexually impaired. A preoperative duration of symptoms of eight months or more was associated with significantly worse postoperative overall adaptation. Most patients who had suffered angina eight months or longer evidenced a damaged self concept, which was reinforced rather than repaired by the experience of surgery. PMID- 6969035 TI - Preferential epidermotropism in adult t-cell leukemia-lymphoma. AB - Three patients with systemic T-cell leukemia-lymphoma presented with generalized pruritic skin rash which was clinically nondiagnostic. Biopsies revealed infiltration of the superficial dermis by atypical lymphoid cells with epidermal exocytosis (Pautrier abscesses) producing a pattern of histologic involvement indistinguishable from that of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. This striking similarity suggests that the phenomenon of preferential epidermotropism is not confined to mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome, but may be a property shared by other subpopulations of T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6969036 TI - A longitudinal study of human malaria in the West African Savanna in the absence of control measures: relationships between different Plasmodium species, in particular P. falciparum and P. malariae. AB - The research project in the epidemiology and control of malaria conducted in the Garki District, Kano State, jointly by the Government of Nigeria and the World Health Organization included among its objectives the study of the baseline epidemiology prior to the introduction of any control measures. The present paper analyzes the project's data with respect to the relationships among the three species of Plasmodium present, P. falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale. Parasitemia with P. falciparum or P. malariae is more likely in the presence than in the absence of the other species. Among persons positive for P. falciparum, those with a higher density of parasitemia are more likely to have P. malariae also than those with a lower density of P. falciparum parasitemia. There is a pronounced seasonal alternation in prevalence between P. falciparum and P. malariae. PMID- 6969037 TI - Mansonella ozzardi in Haiti. I. Epidemiological survey. AB - A survey of 1,165 inhabitants of Bayeux, Haiti revealed that 16% were infected with Mansonella ozzardi. This was determined from a single 20 mm3 sample of finger prick blood from each individual. Amont children and young adults (< 20 years of age), fewer than 2% had detectable microfilaremias. Beyond this age the prevalence of infection for males and females was 49% and 24%, respectively. The microfilariae circulate in the peripheral blood with no significant periodicity. In general, the microfilaremias were low, with 71% of the positive cases having less than 10 microfilariae in 20 mm3 of blood; only 4% had more than 50 microfilariae. Histological examination of sectioned skin biopsies showed that the microfilariae dwell within the superficial capillary vessels; not free in the extravascular tissues. PMID- 6969038 TI - The immunologic modulation of morbidity in schistosomiasis. Studies in athymic mice and in vitro granuloma formation. AB - These studies were designated to test the hypothesis that granulomatous hypersensitivity associated with schistosomiasis, its modulation, and subsequent morbidity are contingent on thymic-dependent lymphocyte function. Studies in athymic mice were integrated with in vitro studies on granuloma formation. Athymic animals tolerate low levels of infection well but are increasingly susceptible to morbidity as the challenge burden increases or becomes associated with simultaneous additional stress such as bacterial infection. In addition, the athymic animals produce smaller granulomas and fail to demonstrate accelerated granuloma formation, the spontaneous modulation of granulomas, or significant resistance to reinfection. These deficiencies could be reversed by thymic reconstitution. In vitro studies indicate that the response to egg antigens was due to the interaction of two subpopulations of T lymphocytes. Studies of "in vitro granuloma formation" augmented the in vivo findings, suggesting that the "in vitro granuloma" represents an excellent analog for delayed hypersensitivities; granuloma production was contingent on a macrophage function and a specific subpopulation of T lymphocytes defined as Ly1+. Granuloma modulation was due to two mechanisms, one contingent on direct suppression by ly2,3+ cells and the other by feedback inhibition requiring Ly,2,3+ cells. These studies suggest the feasibility of combined in vivo and in vitro technology to study the mechanisms of granuloma formation and subsequent morbidity. PMID- 6969040 TI - New insights into how bacteria take up DNA during transformation. AB - Haemophilus influenzae possesses an efficient natural transformation system. Under appropriate growth conditions, every cell in a culture acquires the competence to take up several molecules of DNA. Only donor DNAs from Haemophilus species are taken up; foreign DNAs are excluded. Specific recognition is achieved through the interaction of a receptor protein present on the recipient cell membrane with an 11 base pair sequence present at high frequency in the donor DNA. PMID- 6969039 TI - Schistosomiasis mansoni in an Egyptian village in the Nile Delta. PMID- 6969041 TI - Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Data on 369 surgically treated patients. AB - An analysis of 369 patients operated on for massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding is presented. Gastroscopy was performed in all patients. Duodenal ulcer remains the most common cause of such bleeding (45.4 percent of cases). The type of treatment that should be used is the most controversial in patients with bleeding esophageal varices. It is concluded that the procedure that corrects the patient's primary disease is also the most suitable one for treating massive bleeding. PMID- 6969042 TI - [Changes in the activity of the T- and B-lymphocyte systems in the course of the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 6969043 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity indices in women suffering from genital tuberculosis]. PMID- 6969044 TI - [Cellular immunology: the mechanism of T lymphocyte immunologic recognition]. PMID- 6969046 TI - [Immunopathology in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6969045 TI - [Immunomodulation in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6969047 TI - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation in labour. AB - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation was assessed as a method of relieving pain in labour in 51 patients. The majority of patients found it sufficiently helpful to want to use it again in any subsequent labour, and it reduced the overall pethidine requirement compared with controls. It did not have an effect on Apgar neonatal scores or length of labour. PMID- 6969049 TI - Fluorometric detection of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and 5 hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6969048 TI - Quantitative determination of partially methylated alditol acetate of amino sugar by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 6969051 TI - T-lymphocytes in experimental myocardial infarction. AB - The WBC count, percentage of PMN's, lymphocyte counts and percentage of T-cells in blood, right duct and thoracic duct lymph of three- and nine-day post-coronary ligation and corresponding sham dogs were studied. It was observed that the percentage of T-cells in the right duct lymph of the nine-day post-coronary ligation group was significantly increased compared to the sham group, suggesting a possible cellular immune response late in the infarction process. PMID- 6969052 TI - Aqueous humor outflow in Beagles with inherited glaucoma: gross and light microscopic observations of the iridocorneal angle. AB - Gross and light microscopic examinations of the ocular outflow pathways were performed on Beagles with inherited glaucoma subsequent to constant-pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber and observations compared with those of nonperfused and perfused eyeballs (bulbus oculi) from healthy dogs. Iridocorneal angle changes that were noted were interpreted to be secondary, supporting the hypothesis that the disease in the Beagle is an open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 6969050 TI - Myocardial infarction in a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We describe the case of a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who suffered an acute myocardial infarction (MI). The patient was treated by corticosteroids in addition to the usual management for acute MI. The role of arteritis in producing the infarction is also discussed. PMID- 6969054 TI - Treatment of myoclonus with L-5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa: clinical, electrophysiological, and biochemical observations. AB - Six patients with myoclonus of varying cause were treated with L-5 hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) and carbidopa. While spontaneous myoclonus decreased in three of the patients and action myoclonus in four, only two patients had marked functional improvement. Side effects included gastrointestinal and affective disturbances. L-5-HTP therapy caused a diminished frequency of paroxysmal discharges in the electroencephalograms of three patients which did not always correlate with clinical improvement. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration after probenecid was decreased in all patients prior to therapy, but this reduction did not predict treatment response. Urinary excretion patterns for 5-HTP, serotonin, and 5-HIAA during treatment were similar in responders and nonresponders. It is concluded that while some patients with myoclonus do benefit from L-5-HTP therapy, biochemical and electrophysiological tests are not useful predictors of treatment response, and the high incidence of side effects limits the usefulness of this therapy. PMID- 6969053 TI - The chronic pain syndrome: misconceptions and management. AB - The management of chronic pain is a universal and vexing problem for physicians. Literature indicates that health care providers have a poor understanding of basic concepts relating to pain, which leads to frustration for the physician and inadequate relief for the patient. This paper addresses misconceptions about organic versus functional pain, discusses placebos and administration of narcotic analgesics, and outlines therapeutic alternatives. Emphasis is on distinguishing chronic pain of benign origin from that secondary to malignancy as an individual treatment plan is formulated. PMID- 6969056 TI - TENS in treating chronic pain. PMID- 6969055 TI - Occipital horn asymmetry in children. AB - In 75 young neurological patients ranging in age from 5 months to nearly 18 years, the left occipital horn was longer than the right in 29 instances whereas the right was longer than the left in only 13 cases (p < 0.025). Elongations of the right occipital horn as well as symmetrical horns were associated with cerebral damage incurred prior to the end of the first year of life (p = 0.06). PMID- 6969057 TI - Managing a TENS program in the OR. PMID- 6969059 TI - Unreliability of the Mantoux test using 1 TU PPD in excluding childhood tuberculosis in Papua New Guinea. AB - 139 children with bacteriological or histological proof of active tuberculosis were given the Mantoux tuberculin test while they were inpatients at Port Moresby General Hospital. Only half (70) of the children had positive results (induration of at least 5 mm). Of the 35 children under 2 years, 25 (71%) showed no reaction whatsoever. Malnutrition, assessed by weight for age, did not appear to influence the response although nearly all children under 5 weighed less than the Harvard mean. Previous BCG immunisation had no significant effect on the reaction to tuberculin. General debility, recent measles, treatment with corticosteroids, or early stage of illness may account for some negative reactions, but whatever the cause, the high proportion of negative results means that the tuberculin test as currently practised in Papua New Guinea cannot be relied on to exclude active tuberculosis in children. PMID- 6969058 TI - C3, factor B, alpha-1-antitrypsin in neonatal septicaemia with sclerema. AB - C3, factor B, and alpha-1-antitrypsin were determined in newborn infants with septicaemia and sclerema, associated with suspected infections, ABO or Rh incompatibility, and hyperbilirubinaemia of unknown origin, during and after treatment with exchange transfusion. Activation products from C3 and factor B, the clearance of the transfused C3, and its synthesis by the recipient were determined also. Infected newborn infants had low levels of C3 and factor B, but a normal amount of alpha-1-antitrypsin. Exchange transfusion lowered the level of alpha-1-antitrypsin and briefly corrected the low level of C3 and factor B. Activation products were formed only exceptionally. As synthesis of C3 is very active, a defective activation of complement pathway linked to an abnormal distribution in extravascular pool is postulated. PMID- 6969060 TI - Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. A report of successful experience with bilateral diaphragmatic pacing. AB - Bilateral diaphragmatic pacing was successfully performed in an 18-month-old child with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (Ondine's curse) as an alternative to long-term mechanical ventilation. Subsequent complications were related more to cor pulmonale and tracheostomy care than to the pacing itself. PMID- 6969061 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in anaphylactoid purpura. AB - The immunoglobulins, complement components C3 and C4, lymphocyte subpopulations, and K-cell activity were studied in 13 children with anaphylactoid purpura and in 12 children of the same ages who acted as controls. The children with anaphylactoid purpura had significantly lower T-cell counts, greater K-cell activity and IgM values, and lower C3 levels than the controls. PMID- 6969063 TI - Morphology of the spleen in women who died of metastatic genital tract cancer. AB - The histology of the white pulp of the spleen was assessed in 56 women who died of metastatic genital tract cancer and in 56 age-matched women who died of a myocardial infarction or a stroke. Special attention was paid to the areas associated with T cells and B cells. The T-cell and B-cell areas were profoundly depleted in patients with carcinoma. This suggests that women who die of genital tract cancer have impaired humoral and cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6969062 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia--a clinical and genetic survey. Are we detecting male salt-losers? AB - In a genetic and clinical study in Wales of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 26 cases were found in the period 1966 to 1977. No one was known to have died from the condition in the period. There were 14 female and 5 male salt-losers, and 5 female and 2 male nonsalt-losers. The discrepancy between the sexes suggests that some cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in males are not being detected. This is of concern as salt-losing cases may be dying without a diagnosis being established. The carrier incidence of the condition in females, assuming complete ascertainment, is 1:55. Salt-losers in Wales appear to be more than twice as common as nonsalt-losers. HLA typing of certain affected families confirmed a genetic linkage between the congenital adrenal hyperplasia gene and HLA. This linkage appears to exist in both forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and suggests that the genes for salt-losing and nonsalt-losing forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia are alleles. The linkage between congenital adrenal hyperplasia and HLA provides a potential method for antenatal detection. However, only a few parents would wish to take advantage of this method if it were readily available. PMID- 6969064 TI - Evidence of an immediate hypersensitivity mechanism in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus the number of a circulating basophils was countered in different stages of activity. An inverse correlation was found between the absolute basophils count and anti-DNA antibodies and presumptive circulating immune complexes (as judged by polyethylene glycol precipitation of serum). A positive correlation was found between the absolute basophil count and C3 or C4 levels. IgE on the basophil surface was determined by radioimmunoassay in 7 patients. All of them showed a significantly higher surface IgE number. When the count of circulating basophils was roughly normal, 5 out of the 6 patients showed a positive basophil degranulation test with native DNA. These results suggest the existence of an anti-DNA specific IgE in lupus patients. Depression of the circulating basophil count may be a useful index of lupus activity. PMID- 6969065 TI - Immunoblasts in synovial fluid and blood in the rheumatic diseases. AB - Synovial fluid studies have been made on 43 patients with rheumatic disease. Lymphocytes separated by a 2-stage procedure were examined for the presence of activated large lymphoid cells or immunoblasts. Such immunoblasts were found in 19 of 21 patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis and 7 of 10 patients with seronegative polyarthritis, including patients with Still's disease, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. No immunoblasts were seen in synovial fluid from osteoarthrosis or in the inflammatory but nonimmune synovial fluid from crystal-induced arthritis. The presence of immunoblasts showed a correlation with the lymphocyte count in the synovial fluid but not with the total white cell count. Preliminary studies confirm the spontaneous metabolic activity of these cells by autoradiography and show them by scanning electron microscopy to have a villous surface membrane. Simultaneous peripheral blood studies showed a lower incidence of immunoblasts than in the synovial fluid. It is suggested that these cells originate in the synovial membrane. In view of the known migration characteristic of immunoblasts these cells may be important in the spread of immune arthritis as well as being markers of disease activity. PMID- 6969066 TI - Failure to find C1q-binding material and anti-IgG antibodies in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - C1q-binding immune complexes (C1C), anti-IgG antibodies (anti-IgG Ab), and complement levels were investigated in the serum of 37 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In all these studies the mean levels observed in patients with AS were similar to those in 31 normal subjects. Moreover, no significative difference in either CIC or anti-IgG Ab levels was observed when the patients were classified in different clinical forms according to the localisation (peripheral and central) or to the gravity (mild and severe) of the AS. In a parallel study increased CIC and anti-IgG Ab levels were found in most of the 81 patients with seropositive or seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6969067 TI - Haemophilus influenzae tenosynovitis. PMID- 6969068 TI - Parastomal ileal conduit hemorrhage and portal hypertension. AB - An analysis of six cases of parastomal ileal conduit hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension is presented. The presence of coexisting esophageal varices, documented in only one of six cases (17%), suggest preferential retrograde portal flow through mesenteric venous (as opposed to coronary-azygos) collateral channels. Venous phase mesenteric angiography offers the best diagnostic specificity and provides inferential evidence regarding overall liver blood flow. Operative therapy should be based on assessment and understanding of the splanchnic circulatory derangements which accompany intrahepatic portal obstruction. PMID- 6969069 TI - PGF2 alpha on drug-induced contractile responses of frog rectus abdominis muscle. AB - In the present study, augmentation of contractile responses to acetylcholine, potassium chloride and caffeine by prostaglandin F2 alpha on frog rectus abdominis muscle is documented. The PG-induced responses to ACh was restricted to brief exposure of the tissue to PG. Prolonged exposure resulted in disappearance of the enhancing effect and depression of ACh responses. The augmentation of ACh response was unaltered in presence of physostigmine and the pA2-value of d tubocurarine was not changed by PGF2 alpha ruling out the involvement of a cholinergic mechanism. In potassium depolarized muscle, PGF2 alpha abolished the contractile response to caffeine, indicating an action at the trigger calcium site. PGF2 alpha also permitted reactivation contracture during repolarization. PMID- 6969070 TI - [Arterial blood pressure in 17,067 children and adolescents. Variation with age and height (author's transl)]. AB - Arterial blood pressure was studied retrospectively in 17,067 children and adolescents (aged 4-18 years - 8,647 males and 8,420 females) from cross sectional data collected at the Preventive medicine centre in Nancy between 1977 to 1979. The distribution of blood pressure was expressed in percentiles by age and by height. Diastolic blood pressures are more widely scattered than systolic pressures as has been found in other studies and may be due to different methods and definitions used to determine the diastolic pressure. Arterial blood pressure seems to be more closely correlated to height than with age and it is suggested that when assessing blood pressure in children and adolescents curves of arterial blood pressure compared to height should be used. The definition of arterial hypertension remains difficult. On the basis of the centiles, 3 groups of children may be defined, one with borderline hypertension, one with proven hypertension and one with dangerous hypertension. PMID- 6969071 TI - A simple technique of testing for the influence of metal salts and other chemicals on macrophages and thymocytes in vito. AB - The spleen fragment test, originally used for estimation of factors of cell mediated immunity, was used to assess the relative toxicity of various metal salts and other chemicals on macrophages in vitro. The inhibition of macrophage migration from spleen fragments of guinea pigs was measured as a functional parameter for the toxic effects. Concentration response curves and the molar concentration that yielded a 50% inhibition of the macrophage migration (EC50) were determined. The EC50 values of the examined metal salts ranged from 1.7 X 10(-5) M for Na2SeO3 to 1.3 X 10(-2) M for MnCl2 and indicated that the relative toxicity was Na2SeO3 > K2Cr2O7 > CdCl2 > HgCl2 > NiCl2 > CrCl3 > MnCl2. Other investigations dealt with the interaction of Na2SeO3 and HgCl2 on macrophages in vitro. Corresponding to the spleen fragment test thymus fragments from mice and rats were used for the study of the influence of organotin compounds and prednisolone on the thymocyte migration in vitro. PMID- 6969072 TI - Thymocyte stimulating activity of the serum of rats in the early phase after 2 acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-treatment. AB - The serum of rats collected at various time intervals after application of a single dose of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) stimulates the incorporation of 3H thymidine into the DNA of cultured thymocytes of rats, mice and hamsters. This reaction shows a clear dose-response relationship. The serum activity is dialysable and relatively thermostable. PMID- 6969073 TI - Vestibular findings in patients with acoustic neurinoma. AB - We studied the vestibular system of 30 patients with eighth nerve schwannoma. Preoperatively, cold and warm calorizations were performed. At operation, the utriculus and the ampulla of the horizontal semicircular canal as well as the eighth nerve were identified and removed for study. The sensory epithelium of utricular macula and ampullar crista appeared fairly normal in most cases. In one, there was tumor invasion to the labyrinth and in another patchy necrosis of the sensory epithelium. The number and quality of sensory cells varied from case to case. In cases with intact superior vestibular nerve, on light microscopy the histopathologic features of sensory epithelia did not differentiate between groups and symmetrical caloric reactions and with reduced or absent caloric reactions. PMID- 6969074 TI - Distribution of the six alpha 1-antitrypsin (PI) subtypes from a sample of blood donors. AB - The PI M phenotype of alpha 1-antitrypsin was classified into six subtypes determined by three alleles: PI*MI, PI*M2 and PI*M3. Phenotypes were classified by isoelectric focusing and their distribution agreed closely with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The proportion of heterozygotes was 53%, which more than trebles the heterozygosity without subtyping, and is comparable to a recent estimate from U.S. whites. PMID- 6969075 TI - Intestinal rupture in sows fed whey. AB - A problem of sudden deaths was investigated on a 600 sow piggery after 35 (8%) mature sows died during 10 months. Thirty four (90%) of the sows which died in the following 20 months were all fed whey and had acute severe peritonitis associated with rupture of the large or lower small intestine. No similar deaths occurred in sows, gilts or boars receiving only formulated feed pellets. It is suggested that ruptures resulted from overdistention with gas produced from whey and that the likelihood of their occurrence was directly related to the volume of whey ingested. PMID- 6969077 TI - Fluorometric detection of low temperature thermal transitions in the C1Q component of human complement. PMID- 6969076 TI - Inheritance of enzymes and blood proteins in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens: three linkage groups established. AB - Individuals from natural populations of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, were analyzed for electrophoretic differences in blood proteins and enzymes from an amputated digit. The proteins examined represent products of 72 loci. Presumptive heterozygotes at multiple loci were selected for experimental crosses. Mendelian inheritance of 18 protein variations were demonstrated in the offspring. Tests for linkage or independent assortment were performed for 75 locus pairs. Three linkage groups were established. Linkage group 1 contains two loci, aconitase-1 (Acon 1) and serum albumin (Alb), with a 19% recombination frequency between them. Linkage group 2 contains four loci, glyoxalase (Gly), acid phosphatase-1 (Ap1), acid phosphatase-2 (AP2), and esterase-5 (Est5). The data show the relationships Gly-21.1%-AP1-0%-AP2-6.3%-Est5, and Gly-25.6%-Est5. Linkage group 3 consists of four closely linked esterase loci. The data, Est1-5.1%-Est6, Est6 1.8%-Est10-1.9%-Est4 and Est6-3.0%-Est4, do not establish a complete order but suggest that Est10 is between Est4 and Est6. These results, with data demonstrating apparent independent assortment of 67 other locus pairs, provide a foundation for establishing the frog genetic map. PMID- 6969078 TI - Laboratory evaluation of ceftizoxime, a new parenteral cephalosporin. AB - (6,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-Amino-4-thiazoyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-8-oxo-5-thia-1 azabicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (ceftizoxime), a new parenteral cephalosporin, in more potently active in vitro and in vivo against various gram negative bacilli including the opportunistic pathogens such as Enterobacter, Citrobacter species and Serratia marcescens than cephalosporins and cephamycins recently developed. Ceftizoxime is extremely stable to various types of beta lactamases, and has a high ability to penetrate the outer membrane of gram negative organisms. PMID- 6969079 TI - [Evaluation in vitro of the local anesthetic effect by means of the dose/stabilization effect curve]. AB - The effect "in vitro" and "in vivo" of local anesthetics is normally evaluated at fixed time or considering the time required to obtain a per cent effect. We have attempted to estimate the dose/effect correlation at steady state using "in vitro" preparation of sciatic nerve-trunk of frog. Such an experiment is possible only if the concentrations of drugs tested are lower than those used in previous methods, so as not to inhibit the nerve fibres completely. The drugs tested were: lidocaine, procaine, promethazine and imipramine. Using linear regression analysis, it is possible to compare both the DE50 of the drugs tested and slopes of linear regression. In this manner we can better characterize the pharmacodynamic properties of local anesthetics. PMID- 6969080 TI - [Method for the characterization of peripheral lymphocytes in humans and their significance]. AB - The Authors describe a technique for the identification of the lymphocytic subpopulations of peripheral human blood. It is pointed out the importance of using iron powder, AET, 20 hours incubation. The percentages of cells forming E rosets in patients suffering of acute lymphatic leukaemias and in normal subjects is valued. PMID- 6969081 TI - Comparison of haemodynamic effects of metocurine and pancuronium in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - The haemodynamic effects of large bolus doses of metocurine 0.45 mg kg-1 and pancuronium 0.1 mg kg-1 were compared in patients with coronary artery disease anaesthetized with diazepam, anileridine and nitrous oxide. Hypotension occurred more frequently after metocurine and was a result of a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. After pancuronium there was no increase in arterial pressure or heart rate, but a small increase in cardiac index. The decrease in heart rate after metocurine was the principal cause of the statistically significant difference in cardiac index between the two groups. Contrary to previous findings, metocurine did not attenuate circulatory responses to tracheal intubation. During surgical stimulation, two of the 10 patients of the pancuronium group developed significant ST segment depression and three patients had a rate-pressure product greater than 12 000 mm Hg beat min-1. However, the difference in rate-pressure product between the groups was not statistically significant. PMID- 6969082 TI - Antinuclear antibodies and acebutolol. PMID- 6969083 TI - Pharmacological evaluation of mild analgesics. AB - 1 The analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and ulcerogenic properties of the non-steroidal agents, acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, ibuprofen, propyphenazone and aminophenazone are compared. 2 The results show that ibuprofen has the most potent effect on all four parameters followed in descending order of potency by aminophenazone, propyphenazone, paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid. 3 The inflamed paw technique and the adjuvant arthritis model, both in the rat and involving pathological (chronic) pain, are the most successful methods of predicting analgesic activity in man. The short-lasting oedema caused by injecting naphthoylheparamine into the rat paw is the most useful method of predicting clinical anti-inflammatory activity. PMID- 6969084 TI - Biodistribution of mild analgesics. AB - 1 Macro-autoradiographic methods were used to assess the biodistribution of [3H] , or [14C]-acidic (aspirin, indomethacin, phenylbutazone) and non-acidic (antipyrine, aminopyrine, paracetamol) mild analgesics in rats with carrageenan induced inflammation. 2 At anti-inflammatory doses all the acidic drugs (and/or their metabolites) were found to reach high concentrations in the stomach wall, liver, blood and bone marrow, kidney cortex and the inflamed tissue, that is, the tissues in which these drugs exert their therapeutic or side-effects. 3 In contrast, at analgesic doses, the non-acidic mild analgesics (and/or their metabolites) are equally distributed throughout the body with the exception of the gastro-intestinal lumen and the liver. This distribution pattern correlates well with the lack of acute side-effects and anti-inflammatory action of these drugs at therapeutic doses. PMID- 6969085 TI - Intoxication with pyrazolones. AB - 1 About 50 severe or fatal (mostly accidental) cases of intoxication in children by pyrazolones have been reported in the German literature of the past 59 years. 2 Characteristic symptoms are impaired consciousness progressing to coma and convulsions. In addition, sudden apnoea and cardiac arrest may occur. Hepatic lesions may develop after a latent period of 12-24 hours. 3 Haemoperfusion seems to be the only therapeutic measure which is able to reduce the total body load of all pyrazolones to a toxicologically relevant extent. Actual clinico toxicological data from poisoned patients are not available as yet; however, distribution volumes, plasma half-lives and endogenous plasma clearances as well as removal kinetics in vitro of aminophenazone (aminopyrine), propyphenazone, metamizole (dipyrone), phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone as point to the efficacy of haemoperfusion with amberlite XAD-4 resin. PMID- 6969086 TI - Epidemiological evaluation of rare side-effects of mild analgesics. AB - 1 Major adverse reactions to mild analgesics, unless these drugs are abused or taken in high doses, are believed to be rare. 2 However, because of the massive and universal use of these drugs, quantitative measurement of the risk involved is imperative. At present, contradictory regulatory decisions about the use of mild analgesics are based on circumstantial evidence. 3 It is only by the conduct of epidemiological studies that data leading to decisions based on scientifically sound judgments may be obtained. PMID- 6969088 TI - Studies on human epidermal Langerhans cells III. Induction of T lymphocyte response to nickel sulphate in sensitized individuals. AB - Human epidermis from nickel sensitive patients was separated from dermis by means of a suction blister device and dissociated with trypsin. The epidermal cell suspensions obtained contained 3--5% Langerhans cells as judged by immunofluorescence staining of the cells with a rabbit anti-DR antiserum. The epidermal cells were co-cultured with purified autologous T lymphocytes with or without nickel sulphate. A strong proliferative T lymphocyte response to nickel sulphate was obtained provided epidermal cells were also present. Pretreatment of the epidermal cells with anti-DR antiserum abolished or greatly reduced the response. These data indicate that epidermal cells are able to present nickel sulphate to T lymphocytes in an immunogenic way. Since the responsible cells were DR antigen positive, it is highly probable that the cells responsible for these functions are the Langerhans cells. PMID- 6969087 TI - Enhancement of growth of a radiation-induced lymphoma by T cells from normal mice. AB - The effect of lymphocytes from normal mice on the growth of a syngeneic, radiation-induced, T-cell-derived lymphoma was investigated. Thymus and spleen cells enhanced the growth of admixed lymphoma cells in a reproducible manner. Growth enhancement was manifested by the earlier appearance and higher final incidence of tumours. Lymphocytes also enhanced the growth of radiation-damaged lymphoma cells. The enhancing activity of spleen cells was predominantly a property of T cells, since it was abolished by treatment with anti-theta serum plus complement and significantly less in spleen cells of nude mice. Tumour enhancing thymocytes seem to belong to the immature thymic subpopulation, as indicated by their binding to peanut agglutinin. PMID- 6969089 TI - Cell volume studies in B-cell leukaemia. AB - Leucocyte volume histograms were obtained in 12 cases of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL), two cases of B-prolymphocytic leukaemia (B-PLL) and two cases of hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) by means of a Coulter model ZBl linked to a channelyser. Visual examination of the histograms showed differences between the cases which were confirmed by measurement of the modal volume (MV) and the sigma value (SD of log-volume). The MV of the cells in B-CLL ranged from 153.8 to 244.2 fl (mean 198.24 fl) and was lower than the MV in the cases of HCL (427.5 and 465.6 fl). One case of B-PLL had cells with an MV within the B-CLL range while in the other the MV was greater (317.9 fl). The histogram in one of two cases of B CLL in 'prolymphocytoid' transformation showed a relatively high sigma value, thus suggesting heterogeneity in cell size. The volume histogram is a simple method of sizing the predominant cell in the peripheral blood in lympho proliferative disorders and permits an objective comparison between cell sizes in different diseases. PMID- 6969090 TI - Production of colony stimulating activity in mixed mononuclear cell culture. AB - Culture medium was harvested after co-incubation of mononuclear cells collected and pooled from the peripheral blood of two different normal donors and was tested for colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in agar culture. With bone marrow from normal donors or peripheral blood from patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia as sources of granulocyte-committed progenitor cells (CFU-c), such mixed mononuclear cell conditioned medium (MMC-CM) showed activity equal to that of unfractionated leucocyte feeder layers and greater than that of CSA prepared from lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin. The addition to plates of 2 mercaptoethanol during the preparation of MMC-CM enhanced CSA release. MMC-CM is thus a convenient source of CSA and its use may be preferable to that of feeder layers when day-to-day reproducibility is essential. PMID- 6969091 TI - Von Willebrand's syndrome with abnormal platelet aggregation correctable by cryoprecipitate. PMID- 6969092 TI - Reduced T-colony forming capacity by T-lymphocytes from B-chronic lymphocyte leukaemia. PMID- 6969093 TI - Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with t-cell characteristics. PMID- 6969094 TI - Comparison of theoretical and experimental approaches to determination of conformation of nucleosides about the glycosidic bond. AB - A study has been made by means of 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the syn in equilibrium anti dynamic equilibrium about the glycosidic bond for 5'-deoxyadenosine and some 8-substituted analogues, in different solvents. The results are compared with those previously obtained for the parent adenosine and its 8-substituted analogues. Quantum chemical calculations, with the aid of the Classical Potential and PCILO procedures, were applied to obtain the energies for different conformations of the base in adenosine and 5'-deoxyadenosine, and their 8-methyl and 8-halogeno derivatives. Good agreement was found between experimentally determined conformations in solution and those corresponding theoretically to the energy minima, particularly those calculated by the PCILO method. Comparison of the quantitative experimental data with the theoretical results was used to evaluate the validity of the latter and their applicability to studies of nucleoside conformation. The experimental and theoretical findings pointed to the existence of a marked flexibility about the glycosidic bond of the parent nucleosides and their 8-substituted analogues, when the 8-substituents were not too bulky, such as methyl or bromine. Considerations is given to possible correlations between conformational parameters in nucleosides and their 5'-deoxy analogues. It is shown that the proposed stabilization of the conformation syn by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, 5'-OH...N(3), is not in accord with the results of the present study. PMID- 6969095 TI - Vascular endothelium as a regulator of granulopoiesis: production of colony stimulating activity by cultured human endothelial cells. AB - Colony-stimulating activity is a regulatory factor(s) that promotes differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells to mature granulocytes and macrophages; in man it has been found that blood monocytes, lymphocytes, and tissue macrophages produce it. In an effort to identify other potenitally physiologic tissue sources of colony-stimulating activity, we have studied the capacity of primary cultures of human vascular endothelial cells to produce colony stimulating activity. Medium conditioned by incubation with endothelial cultures contained activity that promoted granulocyte-macrophage colony formation of nonadherent human and murine marrow cells. Exposure of endothelial cultures to 0.1-5.0 microgram/ml S. typhosa endotoxin for 6-72 hr enhanced colony-stimulating activity production. Similarly, incubation of endothelial cells with lysates of human blood granulocytes, or cocultivation with intact granulocytes, resulted in increased colony-stimulating activity levels. In 7-14 day cultures, freshly isolated endothelial cells, incorporated into agar underlayers, consistently stimulated more colony formation by nonadherent human marrow cells than comparable numbers of blood monocytes. These data indicate that: (1) cultured human endothelial cells are a potent source of colony-stimulating activity; (2) they respond to endotoxin and granulocytes and their contents by producing increased amounts of CSA; and (3) they produce morea colony-stimulating activity, than human blood monocytes under standardized conditions in vitro. These observations suggest that the vascular endothelium may play a role in the physiologic regulation of granulopoiesis. PMID- 6969096 TI - The in vitro sensitivity of leukemic and normal leukocytes to hydrocortisone induced cytolysis. AB - A marked sensitivity of CLL lymphocytes to hydrocortisone in vitro was demonstrated in each of the 25 patients tested. The sensitivity was manifested by the eventual lysis of the affected cells. Malignant lymphocytes from 8 out of 14 ALL patients were found also to be in vitro sensitive, whereas CML cells, AML cells, normal BM cells, thymocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells were resistant. Within a tested CLL lymphoid suspension it is proven that the hydrocortisone causes the specific lysis of the malignant cells leaving the normal lymphocytes undamaged. The cytolysis is not an immediate action, but is expressed within 7-8 hr of incubation. However, 30 min incubation with the hormone is sufficient for the cytolytic effect to occur 20 hr later. The possible mechanisms involved in the specific glucocorticoid induced cytolysis are discussed. PMID- 6969097 TI - Immunologic classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Implications for normal lymphoid differentiation. AB - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease as defined by clinical characteristics and immunologic techniques. The standard cell surface markers are sheep erythrocyte receptors for T lymphocytes and surface membrane immunoglobulin for B lymphocytes. Utilizing these markers, three subtypes of ALL designated T-ALL, B-ALL and non-B, non-T or null ALL have been defined. We have studied 70 patients with ALL utilizing these standard cell surface markers. In addition, we have further subclassified these patients by testing each cell for an ALL-associated antigen, the la-like antigen, and thymocyte antigen(s) all defined by well-characterized antisera. We can define 12 subgroups of ALL by their surface antigenic characteristics. These subgroups may have relevance to the clinical expression of disease and may define identifiable stages of normal lymphocyte development. PMID- 6969098 TI - A monoclonal antibody identifying a cell surface antigen shared by common acute lymphoblastic leukemias and B lineage cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody designated PI153/3, which reacts with neuroblastoma and fetal brain, is shown to identify also a cell surface determinant shared by pre-B and mature B cells and their corresponding leukemias including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and hairy cell leukemia, but not plasmacytoma. Almost all non-T, non-B acute "lymphoid" leukemias bind PI153/3. The latter includes 71 of 74 common ALL tested, most but not all "unclassified" or "null" ALL and cases of both acute undifferentiated leukemia and Ph1 positive chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis with common ALL phenotypes. The antigen is absent or present at very low density on normal and leukemic T lymphocyte, myeloid and erythroid cells. The determinant appears to co-redistribute with cell surface immunoglobulin in B lymphocytes and segregates independently of other cell surface antigens associated with B cells and/or cALL including HLA-DR (Ia-like antigens) and the cALL (gp 100) antigen. PMID- 6969099 TI - Peroxidase-positive acute leukemia with T-cell markers. PMID- 6969100 TI - Hematological responses of larval Rana catesbiana to sublethal nitrite exposures. PMID- 6969101 TI - Anorectal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6969102 TI - Presynaptic regulation of the release of acetylcholine by 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - 1 The effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from bullfrog sympathetic preganglionic nerve terminals and frog sciatic nerve terminals was studied with intra-cellular microelectrodes. 2 The change in transmitter release was measured from the mean quantal content calculated by the variance method from evoked fast e.p.s.ps or e.p.ps in low Ca2+-high Mg2+ Ringer solution. 3 5-HT facilitated the release of ACh in low concentrations and depressed it in relatively high concentrations at both preganglionic and motor nerve terminals. 4 These results suggest the possibility that 5-HT may play a role in regulating cholinergic transmission in general. PMID- 6969103 TI - Severe hypophosphataemic osteomalacia with primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6969105 TI - Electricity and bones. PMID- 6969104 TI - Colonoscopic polypectomy in children. AB - Five children presenting with chronic and intermittent rectal bleeding were diagnosed as having colorectal polyps by fibreoptic colonoscopy performed under sedation. Three of the children had had barium-enema films reported on as normal. Eight polyps were seen, of which six were proximal to the sigmoid colon. All were removed endoscopically (one by proctoscopy, one by snare-intussusception) without complication. Colonoscopic polypectomy is a safe and efficient procedure in children, and colonoscopy may be regarded as first-line management in those with rectal bleeding. PMID- 6969107 TI - Pathological findings from two cases of choroideremia. AB - Light and electron microscopic study of material from two cases of old, quiescent choroideremia led to three conclusions: there was nearly total loss of the outer segments of the visual receptors, there was reduplication of the basement membrane of the pigment epithelium and thickening of Bruch's membrane, and there was gliosis of the inner part of the retina and a preretinal membrane. PMID- 6969106 TI - Palpable spleen and bleeding oesophageal varices. PMID- 6969109 TI - Aortocoronary bypass procedures and sternotomy infections: a study of antistaphylococcal prophylaxis. AB - In a prospective study of cephalothin prophylaxis for patients who underwent aortocoronary bypass an unacceptably high rate (44%) of Staphylococcus aureus sternotomy infections occurred in a placebo-treated group. In two other groups of patients, one group given cephalothin intraoperatively and the other given the antibiotic both intra- and postoperatively, such infections occurred with similar frequency (2.6% and 2.1% respectively). This study demonstrates the need for antistaphylococcal agents during aortocoronary bypass operation. No advantage is derived by extending this therapy beyond the operative period. PMID- 6969108 TI - Causes of perioperative myocardial infarction: their identification and prevention. AB - Despite major technical advances in coronary bypass surgery and myocardial preservation, perioperative infarction remains a serious problem. The authors review the pathogenesis of the two different types of myocardial injury, occlusion necrosis and reperfusion necrosis. These two entities can be distinguished clinically by radioisotope scanning. Experimental studies have demonstrated that reperfusion necrosis can be prevented pharmacologically. Since the majority of perioperative infarcts are probably due to reperfusion, the importance of distinguishing between these two entities is evident. PMID- 6969110 TI - Indomethacin-mediated enhancement of lymphocyte response to mitogens in healthy subjects and lung cancer patients. AB - Indomethacin (prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor) was found to be capable of enhancing the mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses of healthy subjects and patients with lung cancer. A whole-blood culture technique was used. Indomethacin had no mitogenic activity. We observed a greater enhancement of lymphocyte response by indomethacin in weak responders as compared with strong responders in healthy subjects and lung cancer patients. A greater enhancement was also noted in lung cancer patients with active disease as compared with lung cancer patients in remission. In a separated cell culture system, the indomethacin exerted no effect on purified T cells in the absence of monocytes, while this agent exerted its enhancement effect on T lymphocyte response in the presence of autologous monocytes of lung cancer patients. This suggests that monocytes (suppressor cells) may secrete prostaglandins, which are responsible for the impairment of T lymphocyte response in lung cancer patients. PMID- 6969111 TI - Adult T cell lymphoma with hypergammaglobulinemia. AB - Five cases of adult T cell lymphoma with hyperglobulinemia were reported. Two patients died of extension of the disease despite intensive chemotherapy. Three others are still under treatment. Histologically, focal proliferation of monotonous pale cells and foci composed of polymorphic large, medium, and small cells were characteristic of all five cases. Infiltration by eosinophilic leukocytes and/or small histiocytic aggregates were also recognized. In addition, proliferation of branching vessels with hyaline deposits, perivascular proliferation of "immunoblasts" and plasma cells, absence of residual follicles, and depletion of small lymphocytes were the findings, which were consistent with immunoblastic lymphoadenopathy (IBL). Varying degrees of polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia also corresponded with those of IBL. Rosette assay of the lymph node cells revealed a mixed population of E receptor-positive large, medium, and small cells with atypical nuclei. They also had T cell antigens on the surface and revealed no terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity. These findings suggested their peripheral T cell origin. The cellular characteristics of these five cases are discussed in relation to other adult T cell lymphomas and to the helper function of neoplastic T cells. PMID- 6969112 TI - Comparative analysis of the immunosuppressive properties of two antiviral, iodinated thymidine analogs, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-iodo-5'-amino-2',5' dideoxyuridine. AB - 5-Iodo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (AldUrd), given as five single i.p. injections on Days 0 to 4 after antigenic challenge with sheep erythrocytes, had no demonstrable effect on serum hemagglutinin titers in doses as high as 2000 mg/kg/day. This was the maximum feasible single dose, but no 10% lethal dose was determinable. Similarly, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd), 50 mg/kg/day (10% lethal dose), on Days 0 to 4 did not significantly affect this humoral response. However, with a more sensitive assay, immunocytoadherence, reductions in the number of hemagglutinin-forming cells in the spleen were found at several levels of AldUrd and IdUrd, but the same level of inhibition was attained by a course of AldUrd, 2000 mg/kg, or IdUrd, 50 mg/kg. Spleen cell-mediated immunity against lethally irradiated L1210 was measured by 4-hr 51Cr release and 48-hr growth inhibition assays. Both drugs showed dose-related immunosuppression. With AldUrd, 2000 mg/kg/day, and IdUrd, 100 mg/kg/day, on Days 0 to 4, cytotoxicity was inhibited by 35 to 68% and 73 to 90%, respectively. In comparison, a similar course of 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine, 40 mg/kg/day, completely abrogated both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. When AldUrd and IdUrd were administered on Days -5 to -1, little effect on either type of immunity was found, while pretreatment with the alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide, abolished all T-cell mediated killing as measured on Day 7. Thus, AldUrd appears to be a very mild and IdUrd a moderate to strong cell cycle-dependent immunosuppressive. PMID- 6969113 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and tissues of cancer patients. AB - Patients with cancer often show impaired immune functions; however, the basis of this suppression is still not understood. In several experimental systems, human T-cells with receptors for Fc of immunoglobulin G may function as suppressors, and those with receptors for Fc of immunoglobulin M may function as helpers. Peripheral blood as well as tumor tissue infiltrates were examined for proportions and numbers of T gamma, T mu, or Ia-positive T-cells. Forty-five untreated patients with solid tumors and 24 patients with lymphomas were studied. An increase in the percentage of peripheral blood T gamma cells (p < 0.001) and a decrease in T mu cells (p < 0.0005) were recorded in all tumor patients when compared with 30 normal controls. Percentages and absolute numbers of peripheral blood Ia-positive T-cells were decreased (p < 0.001 and < 0.00001) in solid-tumor patients; by contrast, the proportion of peripheral blood Ia-positive T-cells was elevated (p < 0.005) in lymphoma subjects. Studies of cancer tissues from 46 untreated patients using immunofluorescence and mouse hybridoma antibody specific for T-cells showed that tumor lymphocytic infiltrates were composed mainly of T cells. Double staining with fluorescein-conjugated specific anti-T gamma and Ia positive T-cells within solid-tumor lymphoid infiltrates. A comparison of peripheral blood and tumor lymphocyte T-cell profiles revealed that, in some patients, low proportions of Ia-positive T-cells in blood were paralleled by a high percentage of such cells in tumor lymphoid infiltrates. PMID- 6969114 TI - Decrease of tolerance and physical dependence on morphine by drugs affecting brain serotonin. PMID- 6969116 TI - [The present state of Czechoslovakian rheumatology]. PMID- 6969115 TI - The part played by proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins in the macromolecular orientation of collagen bundles. PMID- 6969117 TI - Qualitative and quantitative freeze-fracture studies on olfactory and respiratory epithelial surfaces of frog, ox, rat, and dog. IV. Ciliogenesis and ciliary necklaces (including high-voltage observations). AB - A comparison of the necklaces of sensory olfactory, and non-sensory nasal respiratory cilia of four vertebrate species (frog, ox, rat and dog) shows that the olfactory cilia have 7 +/- 1 (mean +/- standard deviation) strands in the three mammalian species and 6 +/- 1 strands in the frog; for the respiratory cilia these values are 5 +/- 1 and 4 +/- 1. This function- and species-dependency of ciliary necklace strand numbers is supported by a review of the literature. Necklaces show no other structural differences. Necklace strand densities range from 25--33 strand/micrometers. In both sensory and non-sensory cilia ciliogenesis is preceded by the formation of necklace strands. Sometimes cilia do not develop properly, as demonstrated by the presence of necklace-like structures in the membranes of olfactory dendritic endings and respiratory axonemal aggregates. PMID- 6969120 TI - Transfer of immunity to Babesia microti of human origin using T lymphocytes in mice. PMID- 6969118 TI - Glycoprotein secretion by isolated Rana pipiens gastrula chordamesoderm. PMID- 6969119 TI - Effects of cordycepin and cell dissociation on the synthesis of H1 histone by sea urchin embryos. AB - A shift in the type of H1 histone synthesized during sea urchin development has been described previously. Early histone synthesis appears to be carried out using both newly transcribed mRNA and stored maternal message. The appearance of the later H1 molecule is reported to be under transcriptional control. The present report utilizes hybrid embryos and supports the idea of transcriptional control of the later histone, from mesenchyme blastula on. In addition, the inhibition of the switch from one H1 type to the other by cordycepin is described and discussed. Since one effect of cordycepin is the dissociation of the blastula into single cells, the effect of other means of dissociation was studied. No interference with the histone changeover was detected in cultures of dissociated embryonic cells. PMID- 6969122 TI - In vitro induction of specific unresponsiveness by exposure of primed spleen cells to high doses of a hapten-protein conjugate. PMID- 6969121 TI - The role of Ia-bearing cells in T-cell proliferative response to concanavalin A. PMID- 6969123 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte stimulation by anterior hypothalamic lesions in the guinea pig. PMID- 6969124 TI - Lymphocyte stimulation with Fc fragments. II. Requirement for mature B lymphocytes. PMID- 6969125 TI - Induced recovery of a suppressed idiotype by immunization with anti-idiotype. PMID- 6969126 TI - [Unexpected and adverse occurrences in tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6969128 TI - [Clinical value of the differential diagnosis between congenital and acquired color blindness]. PMID- 6969127 TI - [Color vision in a family with Stargardt's disease]. PMID- 6969129 TI - [Value of vitrectomy combined with antibiotic therapy in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis (apropos of 3 cases)]. PMID- 6969130 TI - Approaches to the control of respiratory virus diseases. AB - Viruses of various biological types are known to cause a wide range of acute respiratory infections, ranging from mild colds and catarrh to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Bacteria also cause respiratory diseases including serious conditions such as otitis media and pneumonia. The whole situation is complex and to understand the epidemiology we also need to consider nutrition, environment, climate, and chronic diseases. Acute respiratory viral diseases are very common in all areas of the world and contribute to morbidity and probably to mortality. There are no antiviral drugs or vaccines which would be generally useful. It ought to be possible to reduce the effects of these diseases by improving the standard of general management of cases. This would involve careful nursing, administration of appropriate antibiotics, and referral of severe cases to a properly staffed and equipped hospital. Further research is needed to develop ways of doing this and to evaluate the results. PMID- 6969131 TI - Enteric infections due to Campylobacter, Yersinia, Salmonella, and Shigella. WHO Scientific Working Group. AB - This report reviews the available information on the clinical features, pathogenesis, bacteriology, and epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica, both of which have recently been recognized as important causes of enteric infection. In the fields of salmonellosis and shigellosis, important new epidemiological and related findings that have implications for the control of these infections are described. Priority research activities in each of these areas are outlined. PMID- 6969132 TI - A revision of the system of nomenclature for influenza viruses: a WHO memorandum. AB - In February 1980, the World Health Organization convened a meeting to consider information relevant to the nomenclature of influenza viruses and to make definitive proposals for the revision of the system which has been in use since 1971. The WHO recommendations are based on data derived from double immunodiffusion reactions involving haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens. The revised system of nomenclature is similar to the 1971 system in that it consists of two parts: (a) a type and strain designation, and (b) for influenza A viruses, a description of the antigenic specificity (subtype) of the surface antigens (H and N). The strain designation for influenza virus types A, B, and C contains information on the antigenic type of the virus (based on the antigenic specificity of the nucleoprotein), the host of origin (for strains isolated from non-human sources), geographical origin, strain number, and year of isolation. For influenza A viruses, the antigenic description, in parentheses, follows the strain designation and comprises two indices describing the antigenic subtype of the haemagglutinin and of the neuraminidase antigens. For the influenza A viruses from all species, the H antigens are grouped into 12 subtypes, H1-H12, while the N antigens are divided into 9 subtypes, N1-N9. Reference strains of influenza viruses are maintained by the WHO Collaborating Centres for Reference and Research on Influenza and the WHO Centres for the Study of Influenza Ecology in Animals, and are made available upon request.There is no provision for describing distinct subtypes of influenza B and C viruses. The existence of antigenic variation among influenza B strains is well established but the available information shows that a division into subtypes is not warranted.This revised system of nomenclature should be used universally from the date of publication of this Memorandum. PMID- 6969133 TI - Clinical survey techniques to estimate prevalence and annual incidence of poliomyelitis in developing countries. AB - Recent epidemiological data suggest that poliomyelitis is a more important public health problem in developing countries than was originally suspected. Because of the availability of a cheap, effective, but labile oral vaccine, it is important that countries determine the incidence of poliomyelitis in order to determine the necessity and speed with which a vaccination programme should be introduced.Sequelae of poliomyelitis are distinctive and can be used to study the incidence of residual paralysis in children above the age of 5 years. Prevalence data for lameness due to poliomyelitis can then be translated into rates of annual incidence of paralytic disease. Lameness surveys can be efficiently done in schools and data are reliable as long as a similar search for lame children is done amongst children of the same age group who do not attend school but are in the geographical area served by the school. House-to-house surveys, while more time-consuming, are more reliable. PMID- 6969134 TI - Prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus infection in various countries: a WHO collaborative study. AB - A WHO collaborative study on viral hepatitis B in which 21 laboratories in 20 countries participated is described. The aim of the study was to define the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), its subtypes, and its antibody (anti-HBs) by age and sex and urban or rural residence in normal populations in different parts of the world. High-risk groups in the populations and patients with various diseases were also investigated. The results of the study confirmed that HBsAg and anti-HBs prevalence rates were higher in African and Asian countries than in the Americas, Australia, and northern and central Europe. Some eastern and southern European countries, however, were also shown to have high HBsAg and anti-HBs prevalence rates, comparable with those in Africa and Asia. In countries with low HBsAg and anti-HBs prevalence, there seems to be a gradual build-up during late childhood or early adolescence, whereas in countries with high HBsAg and its antibody prevalence, they were frequently detected in preschool children. Although the trend was towards a higher frequency of HBsAg and anti-HBs in urban than in rural and in male than in female populations, the differences were in most cases not significant. On the other hand, a significantly higher prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus infection was seen in high-risk population groups than in normal populations. This was, however, clearly defined only in areas with low HBsAg and anti-HBs prevalence in the normal population. The geographical distribution of HBsAg subtypes showed a higher prevalence of the ad subdeterminant over ay in central European countries, whereas in eastern and southern Europe the ay subtype predominated. In West Africa, ayw was the only variant found, whereas in East Africa ad occurred more frequently than ay. In Australia, both adw and ayw subtypes were detected, whereas in the Far East and South-east Asia only adw and adr were seen. PMID- 6969135 TI - Quantitative aspects of the epidemiology of Schistosoma japonicum infection in a rural community of Luzon, Philippines. WHO workshop. AB - In a rural community on the island of Luzon, Philippines, the overall prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection, based on stool examination performed by both a new modified quantitative thick smear and the merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration (MIFC) technique, was 49.5% in a total study population of 755 persons. Peak prevalence was observed in the 15-19-year age group, then decreased gradually. Although the total egg output was highest in the 15-19-year age group, individuals with high egg counts were found among all age groups.The prevalence and intensity of infection were higher in men than in women except in the 45-54 year age group. A small proportion (4.1%) of the study population (age range 6-53 years) excreted 50% of the eggs counted in this study. Liver and spleen enlargement were significantly associated with S. japonicum infection in all age groups. The frequency of a past history of dysentery and marked liver enlargement (>/= 5 cm) increased in parallel with increasing egg counts. Clustering of individuals with high egg counts in households was observed, but there was no correlation between geographical proximity of residence to potential transmission sites and household infection rates. An effective control strategy would be based on treatment of all infected persons in this endemic area rather than only a selected age group. PMID- 6969137 TI - Frequency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in relation to altitude: a malaria hypothesis. AB - Genetic markers have recently been found to be much more polymorphic than expected. Such extensive human polymorphisms may be partly explained by a number of genetic and environmental factors, including infectious diseases. Malaria, which was very widespread in the past and still poses a problem in many countries today, is a good candidate for research. The association between malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is well-known, but more should be done to determine the mechanisms responsible for this positive correlation and to confirm that malaria is a strong selective factor for many other genotypes also. The present paper refers to a WHO project on genetic markers and susceptibility to infectious diseases, which is concerned mainly with G6PD deficiency and the following genetic markers: haemoglobinopathies, including the beta-thalassaemia trait and ABO, Rh, MN, Duffy, secretory types (Ss), and human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Since malaria was eradicated in Bulgaria many years ago, human populations from this country, living at different altitudes above sea-level, were used as a model for analysis of the malaria hypothesis. The data for G6PD deficiency confirm that malaria was a selective factor in lowland areas where malaria infection was more frequent in the past. It is, moreover, apparent that in addition to malaria some other factors also play a selective role. PMID- 6969136 TI - Advances in epidemiology survey methodology and techniques in schistosomiasis. AB - Quantitative techniques are now recognized to contribute to the validity and comparability of data from epidemiological studies in schistosomiasis. These methods have been developed and tested in field investigations in areas where Schistosoma mansoni is endemic and, to a lesser extent, S. haematobium endemic areas. Carefully planned epidemiological investigations using standardized and quantitative methods have contributed to our understanding of the relationships between intensity of infection and morbidity, as well as to the development of improved control strategies relevant to these areas. This article reviews the newer parasitological techniques, methods of morbidity assessment, and data analysis procedures employed in current epidemiological studies in schistosomiasis, as well as the analytical questions involved in research on the epidemiology of schistosomiasis. PMID- 6969138 TI - The Queensland cholera incident of 1977. 1. The index case. AB - The first known case of cholera to be contracted in Australia during the seventh pandemic occurred in Queensland in 1977. There was no record of recent travel abroad by the patient, or of her having been in contact with persons suffering from gastroenteritis. Vibrio cholerae, biotype eltor, serotype Inaba, phage-type 2, was the causative microorganism. This case is unique in that the microbiological diagnosis was based on the identification of an isolate from venous blood. This indicates that the patient was bacteraemic, an observation not previously reported. The incident shows the importance of routine screening of faecal specimens for V. cholerae, as well as other enteropathogens. PMID- 6969139 TI - The Queensland cholera incident of 1977. 2. The epidemiological investigation. AB - In 1977 the first case of cholera known to be contracted in Australia during the seventh pandemic occurred in southeastern Queensland. Toxigenic isolates of Vibrio cholerae, biotype eltor, serotype Inaba, phage-type 2, were obtained from the index case, a companion of the patient, the reticulated water supply of their place of residence, and a stretch of the neighbouring river that was being used to supplement fully treated water piped from Brisbane. Treatment of the auxiliary supply consisted solely of chlorination. A section of another river was later shown to contain V. cholerae. No source of pollution was identified for either river. From the persistence of the microorganism in the first river over a two month period, despite increases in river flow following significant rainfall, it seems that the cholera vibrio can not only survive for a long period but can also grow in the river water. This strongly suggests that certain surface, and possibly subsurface, waters may serve as potential silent foci of V. cholerae. Hence the importance of providing bacteriologically safe water supplies, and the possible need to expand the definition of a 'cholera-receptive area'. PMID- 6969140 TI - Saphenous vein grafts for LAD stenosis. PMID- 6969141 TI - Cardiac denervation with aortocoronary bypass. PMID- 6969142 TI - Significance of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in patients without myocardial infarction. AB - Sixteen patients with exercise-induced ST-segment elevation and without a history of myocardial infarction or left ventricular aneurysm were studied. Fourteen complained of angina at rest, which was associated with ST-segment elevation in the same leads where it was recorded during exercise, and two patients had only exertional angina. Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation was generally reproducible in subsequent exercise tests performed in different hours of the day, but exercise tests repeated a mean of 15 months later did not induce this electrocardiographic abnormality. All patients had a marked susceptibility to coronary spasm, as shown by the response to the ergonovine test (12 positive tests in 12 patients) and by the occurrence of spontaneous spasm during coronary arteriography in two patients. In addition, coronary arteriography, performed in seven patients at the time of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation, revealed spasm of a major coronary vessel in all. In two patients we documented that exercise-induced ST-segment elevation was accompanied by a decreased coronary blood flow and increased coronary vascular resistance. We conclude that exercise induced ST-segment elevation in patients without a history of myocardial infarction or left ventricular aneurysm is caused by coronary spasm of a major coronary vessel. PMID- 6969143 TI - Short and long latency skin sensitizing antibody in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the monkey. AB - In some allergic sera, 2-hr PCA responses can be due to IgE class antibody. In other sera where 2-hr PCA responses are not seen, removal of the IgG fracton allows expression of this 2-hr latency PCA response, suggesting an initial competition for binding sites between IgG and IgE, or that IgG can act as a blocking antibody, preventing antigen from reaching the cell-bound IgE. PMID- 6969144 TI - Cytogenetic evidence for the localisation of the gene for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - In the course of a study of the close linkage between the gene locus for the autosomal recessive disease, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a cytogenetic survey was undertaken. In one family, where a crossover might have occurred between some loci in the MHC complex and the locus for the 21-hydroxylase gene, there was also a crossover between the MHC locus and the centromere of chromosome 6. PMID- 6969146 TI - Host immune status in uraemia. II. Serum factors and lymphocyte transformation. AB - A model of experimentally induced uraemia has been used to study the effect of serum from uraemic rats on the immune responsiveness of thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes. Splenic lymphocytes from normal or uraemic animals responded to mitogenic stimulation with concanavalin A to a similar degree when cultured in a tissue culture medium containing the maximum non-toxic concentration of normal or uraemic serum in the culture system (3%). Serum from uraemic animals, however, had an immunosuppressive effect if the serum was first dialysed for 24 hr before being added to the tissue culture medium. When an alternative vessel was used which allowed the concentration of serum in the medium to be increased to 10%, serum from severely uraemic animals markedly suppressed the capacity of lymphocytes from normal animals to respond to Con A. Thus while serum from uraemic animals can be shown to be immunosuppressive, the results of the experiments are influenced by the conditions in vitro. The type of culture vessel and the concentration of serum in the culture medium are particularly critical determinants. It is likely that variations in laboratory procedures have contributed to the differences of opinion on the effect of serum from uraemic individuals on lymphocyte function. PMID- 6969145 TI - Induction of differentiation in human marrow T cell precursors by the synthetic serum thymic factor, FTS. AB - The serum thymic factor, 'facteur thymique serique' (FTS), was analysed in vitro for its ability to induce differentiation of normal human marrow T cell precursors into cells with T lymphocyte characteristics. FTS has been isolated, characterized, sequenced and synthesized. In the mouse, natural and synthetic FTS have similar activities in vitro in the rosette inhibition assay. Both substances influence a variety of T cell differentiation markers and functions in vivo. In this study, we found that synthetic FTS induced appearance of two T cell surface markers, HTLA phenotypes and the ability to form E rosettes, on a selective population of normal human marrow cells sedimenting in layers II or III of a Ficoll discontinuous density gradient. In addition, a population of lymphoid cells also found in layer III, which bears receptors for peanut agglutinin (PNA), was decreased in number following exposure to FTS. In the same gradient layer, cells which expressed terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity showed decreased activity after treatment with FTS. Functional activities characteristic of T lymphocytes were also enhanced in marrow cells of gradient layer III after preincubation with FTS. These T cell functions were demonstrated in marrow cells by their ability to respond and to stimulate allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in mixed lymphocyte reactions and by responses to phytomitogens, PHA, Con A and pokeweed. These changes were not observed in marrow cells of gradient layers I, IV and V or after incubation with an FTS analogue that lacked biological and antigenic activity in the mouse system. PMID- 6969148 TI - Stimulation of T lymphocytes by protein A from Staphylococcus aureus in B-derived chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from five untreated patients affected with B-derived chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were stimulated by protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. A very strong response (with stimulation indexes as high as 182 and percentages of blast cells as high as 90%) was found in all patients. Lymphocyte marker studies showed that the responding cells were T cells. These results and the well known abnormalities of lymphocyte response to other mitogens suggest a disbalance of T lymphocyte subpopulations in B-CLL. PMID- 6969147 TI - Immunological distinction of adult T cell leukaemia from T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - The antigenic properties of leukaemic cells from five patients with adult T cell leukaemia were studied with rabbit anti-MOLT-4 and anti-human thymocyte antisera using indirect membrane immunofluorescent staining. The E rosette-positive, surface immunoglobulin (sIg) negative leukaemic cells from these patients gave a positive reaction with the appropriately absorbed antisera, which reacted specifically with thymocytes, cells from T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T ALL) and T-ALL-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (T-LCLs) and normal peripheral blood T cells. Nevertheless, the antisera further absorbed with fresh normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (FN-PBL) lost almost all the reactivities with the leukaemic cells as well as with normal peripheral blood T cells but still retained the reactivities with thymocytes, T-LCLs and T-ALL cells. The results suggest that adult T cell leukaemia cells possess a peripheral blood T cell antigen but not a thymocyte-specific antigen. PMID- 6969149 TI - Resistance of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated B cells to inhibition by deoxyadenosine. AB - Deoxyadenosine (dAdo) levels above 2 microM inhibit plasma cell (PC) differentiation by human blood lymphocytes in pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated cultures containing deoxycoformycin (dCF), a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA). ADA inhibition by dCF alone did not suppress PC differentiation. Thymidine uptake by T cell blasts continuously cultured in conditioned medium was inhibited by dAdo and dCF; two of five EBV-infected B cell lines were also inhibited while three were resistant. Inhibition of PWM-induced PC differentiation of B cells by dCF and dAdo was reversed when conditioned medium (a source of T cell helper factors) was added to the cultures, and dAdo and dCF added to PWM-stimulated cultures 48 hr after their initiation did not inhibit PC differentiation, though thymidine uptake and the total number of cells recovered from the cultures were reduced. Removal of T cells after 48 hr of culture slightly reduced the numbers of PC in PWM-stimulated lymphocyte cultures but no further inhibition was obtained when dCF and dAdo were added to these T-depleted cultures, nor was their thymidine uptake further reduced. These results suggest that the in vitro suppression of B cell differentiation by dAdo in PWM-stimulated cultures is not due to direct toxicity of purine nucleosides to B cells but may be due to interference with T cell help. This is consistent with the view that a relative lack of helper activity by T cells contributes to the antibody deficiency of patients with ADA deficiency. PMID- 6969151 TI - Quantitative studies of the tissue distribution of the antigens recognized by rabbit anti-rat, -dog and -human lymphocyte sera. AB - Rabbit anti-rat, -dog and -human ALS was analysed using quantitative absorptions and indirect 125I anti-immunoglobulin-binding assays to determine the amount of antibody directed against different types of antigen. The aim was (a) to determine what proportion of the antibodies was directed against leucocyte specific antigens and (b) to see if the type of leucocyte-specific antigen recognized varied either with the species or the cell type used as the immunogen. The results showed that anti-thymocyte sera in all three species showed the same high degree of leucocyte specificity. Marked differences in the type of leucocyte specific antigen recognized were found when anti-thymocyte and anti-lymph node lymphocyte sera were compared. A comparison of the leucocyte-specific antigens recognized by anti-dog and -human thymocyte sera showed quantitative but not qualitative differences. The relevance of these results to the current failure of ALS in clinical practice and to the problems of ALS standardization are discussed. PMID- 6969150 TI - Alteration in T lymphocyte subpopulations in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from thirty-one patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) were analysed for the proportions and absolute numbers of total T cells, and for the T cell subpopulations carrying Fc receptors for either IgM (Tmu cells) or IgG (T gamma cells). Twenty-six control subjects were studied simultaneously. Total T cell numbers were normal in patients with inflammatory bowel disease but there was a marked reduction in the proportion and absolute numbers of Tmu cells in patients, whether their disease was active or in remission. T gamma cells were normal. Simultaneous assessment of lymphocyte response to mitogens in vitro was performed in a group of patients. Responses to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen were decreased and a positive correlation was found between the number of circulating Tmu cells and the responses to mitogens in vitro. These studies demonstrate that despite the presence of normal numbers of total T cells in inflammatory bowel disease, there is a marked imbalance in T cell subpopulations that correlates with mitogen responsiveness. This imbalance provides a possible cellular basis for the defect in cell-mediated immunity seen in these patients. PMID- 6969152 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in non-neoplastic thymus from myasthenia gravis patients. AB - Lymphocyte populations in non-neoplastic thymuses from fifteen patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) were examined. As in normal subjects, the great majority of thymic lymphocytes of MG patients are T cells. When MG thymuses were compared to normal glands, lower percentages of lymphocytes able to form E rosettes resistant to incubation at 37 degrees C (stable E rosettes) were found in MG thymuses. A negligible B cell content was detected in eight normal and in eight MG thymuses with absent or rare lymph follicles; but there was a substantial B cell presence in the thymuses of seven MG cases with thymic hyperplasia containing many germinal centres. Normal and MG thymuses contain the same percentage of lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgM (TM). Moreover, the IgM Fc receptor was found mostly on cells which did not form stable E rosettes and did not bear surface immunoglobulin. The possible significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6969153 TI - Cellular immunity in pregnancy: subpopulations of T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgG and IgM in pregnant women. AB - Studies on the change of peripheral T and B lymphocytes and T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG and IgM in pregnant women were performed by using rosette formation tests. There was no significant difference in the proportion of T and B lymphocytes between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The percentage of T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG in the T lymphocytes which are considered to have suppressive activity increased in the various stages of pregnancy and post-partum as compared with that in non-pregnant women. On the contrary, the percentage of T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgM in the T lymphocytes which have a helper function decreased in pregnant and post-partum women. The results of this investigation suggest that the depression of cell-mediated immunity during pregnancy depends on the qualitative change of T lymphocytes, i.e. increased suppressor and decreased helper T lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6969154 TI - Reliability of alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase staining of blood smears for the enumeration of circulating human T lymphocytes. AB - Cytocentrifuged preparations of glutaraldehyde-fixed E rosettes were stained for acid alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase activity (ANAE). On average, 84% of the rosette-forming cells (E+) also stained positively for the enzyme activity (A+). ANAE staining of blood smears of thirty-three healthy controls was compared to E rosetting by a conventional method. A+ and E+ fractional values are highly significantly correlated; the regression of E+ on A+ is E+ = 0.805.A+ + 16.8 (P < 10(-6)). Since the correlation between E+ and A+ cells is both statistically and cytologically significant, we propose blood smear ANAE staining as a simple and convenient method to enumerate circulating T lymphocytes in clinical practice. PMID- 6969155 TI - Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. XV. T lymphocytes with receptors for IgA (T alpha), a distinct subpopulation of T lymphocytes. Studies in patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders. AB - A receptor for IgA was observed on a subset of T cells (T alpha) that is distinct from other T lymphocyte subsets, T mu or T gamma cells. IgA receptor on T alpha cells is blocked by IgA from human serum through its cytophilic attachment. Neither T mu nor T gamma cells, following an in vitro interaction with insoluble immune complexes during the process of purification and further incubation at 37 degrees C, changed their phenotypes to T alpha cells. However, some T gamma cells demonstrated transition to T mu cells. The numbers and proportion of T alpha cells in patients with selective IgA deficiency were either normal, increased or decreased. The significance of T alpha cell analysis in thirty-one patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders including those with selective IgA deficiency is discussed. PMID- 6969156 TI - The effect of the plant lectins phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A on human T cell populations bearing receptors for IgG and IgM. AB - The effect of long-term culture with the plant lectins phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (con A) on the percentages of human T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (TG) and IgM (TM) was investigated. Con A produced an early increase in the percentage of TG cells as compared to control cells cultured without mitogen. TM cells decreased. PHA suppressed the percentages of both TG and TM. These changes were not due to loss of cell viability nor to loss of cell surface receptors in general since up to 98% of the cells continued to form sheep erythrocyte rosettes in the virtual absence of IgM Fc receptors. PMID- 6969157 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations and function in chronic murine toxoplasmosis. AB - A long-lasting, chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii was established in C57Bl/6J mice as a model system of slow parasite infection. We quantified all nucleated cells and Thy-1+ and Thy-1- cell subpopulations in thymus, spleen and peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes throughout the first 8 months of life of mice infected at 8 weeks of age. We found a physiological pattern of change with age in the lymphocyte subpopulations examined; the pattern was distinctive for each lymphoid organ. These normal patterns were altered in infected mice from the beginning of the observation period. The most prominent findings were (a) a relatively early atrophy of the thymus and (b) no increase in Thy-1+ lymphocyte numbers in either spleen or lymph nodes during the first 3 months post-infection, followed by decreasing numbers afterwards. Other findings were a rapid increase in the number of Thy-1- cells in the thymus before the onset of generalized atrophy; accumulation of erythrocytes in the spleen and splenomegaly during the first 3 months post-infection, despite a steady decrease in the number of nucleated cells; and an increase in Thy-1- cells in the peripheral but not in the mesenteric nodes, thereby diluting the Thy-1+ lymphocyte subpopulation. PMID- 6969158 TI - The kinetics of T lymphocyte subpopulations in guinea-pigs sensitized with allogeneic transplantation antigens. AB - The kinetics of specifically sensitized T lymphocytes in the circulation and lymphoid tissues of guinea-pigs immunized with allogeneic transplantation antigens or with synthetic peptide sequence known to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity were documented by the antigen-stimulated active rosette-forming T cell (AgARFC) assay. The results show that immunologically functional cells sensitized to a particular antigen do not remain in the circulation when the antigenic source has been withdrawn. These cells become sequestered in lymphoid tissue and may be recalled into the circulation shortly after the de novo administration of sensitizing antigen. The detection of antigen-sensitive T cells in the circulation was indicative of the presence of and failure to detect these cells and their eventual appearance in lymphoid tissues was related to depletion of the antigenic source. PMID- 6969159 TI - A characterization of T lymphocyte colony-forming cells (TL-CFC) in human bone marrow. AB - T lymphocyte colony-forming cells (TL-CFC) present in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals have been studied by several investigators but an analysis of the properties of marrow TL-CFC is still lacking. The experiments reported here represent a first attempt to define some characteristic of marrow TL-CFC, in direct comparison with blood TL-CFC, using density gradients, rosette tests and stimulation of DNA synthesis. It was found that marrow TL-CFC and blood TL-CFC have different density properties. Both populations were characterized by distinct profiles with peaks at 1 . 07 g/ml and 1 . 065 g/ml respectively. In marrow as well as blood striking similarities between the density distributions of TL-CFC and E rosette-forming cells (E-RFC) were found. From E rosette Ficoll separation experiments it became clear that TL-CFC in bone marrow, as well as in blood, represent a subgroup of the E-RFC population. A marked dissociation was observed between the quantitative values of thymidine incorporation and colony responses following stimulation with PHA. The most prominent findings was that light-dense bone marrow-subfractions, which were virtually negative in PHA mitogen (DNA-synthesis) tests, still gave rise to relatively large numbers of T lymphocyte colonies after stimulation with PHA. On the contrary, in blood, T lymphocyte colonies could be grown exclusively from density fractions which were positive in PHA mitogen stimulation tests. Apparently, characteristics differences exist between marrow and blood TL-CFC. PMID- 6969160 TI - Factors affecting the differential counting of human lymphocyte subpopulations in blood smears. AB - We have previously used the antibody-mediated binding of bacteria to identify Ig bearing cells and the natural binding of bacteria to identify several lymphocyte subpopulations. By using bacteria this identification can be carried out in conventional blood smears since bacteria are small and easily distinguished from all blood elements. To develop a standardized method for identification of lymphocyte subpopulations that may become useful in clinical laboratories, we investigated here several parameters that might affect the safety and accuracy of the test, and that might simplify the procedure. We found that: (1) the rosettes formed between bacteria and lymphocytes cannot be disrupted by vigorous handling; (2) the ability fo form rosettes is a stable property of the bacterial strains; (3) for optimal results the blood sample must not be stored for more than 4 hr at 25 degrees C and the entire procedure must be performed in medium supplemented with 6% bovine serum albumin; (4) a large excess of anti-Ig antibody is required for the optimal coating of bacteria to detect Ig-bearing cells; (5) both the antibody-coated bacteria and formaldehyde-fixed bacteria can be stored at 4 degrees C or at -20 degrees C for at least 6 months; (6) the buffy coat from the blood sample can be used instead of the whole blood to reduce the time required for reading the smears; and (7) some of the pathogenic bacteria can be killed by autoclaving without modifying their binding properties. A complete and simple method which uses the bacterial adherence for the identification of lymphocyte subpopulations in blood smears is presented. PMID- 6969161 TI - Ontogeny of phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A responses in the human fetus: effect of thymosin. PMID- 6969162 TI - Plasma lipoprotein patterns in patients hospitalized for coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Preoperative plasma samples from coronary artery bypass surgery patients were analyzed for relative levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in order to assess the HDL:LDL ratio as an indicator of risk for coronary heart disease. Fasting blood samples were drawn from bypass patients prior to surgery, and bypass patient mean plasma lipid data were compared with values from three other groups: randomly selected, newly admitted hospitalized patients; acutely ill student outpatients; and healthy hospital employees. Sudan Black B prestained plasma samples were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels, and HDL:LDL ratios were determined by densitometric gel scan and automatic peak integration. Of the four study groups, the bypass patient group had the lowest mean HDL:LDL ratio; the low ratios were due particularly to reduced levels of HDL2. Chemical analyses indicated that the bypass patient group also had lower mean HDL-cholesterol and higher mean total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the other groups. When group age and sex differences were taken into account, the bypass group, especially males, also had low ratios. The results also strongly indicated that stresses involved with illness and hospitalization unrelated to clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) can adversely affect lipoprotein patterns. PMID- 6969163 TI - Salvage of acutely ischemic myocardium by emergency coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - After cardiac catheterization a 53-year old patient developed widespread myocardial ischemia that produced electromechanical dissociation and cardiogenic shock. The administration of methylprednisolone, the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia within 40 min of the onset of ischemia, and reperfusion within 90 min of the onset of ischemia were sufficient to salvage a major portion of the ischemic myocardium. PMID- 6969164 TI - Long-term results of coronary artery bypass surgery for unstable angina: incidence of mortality, myocardial infarction, and angina resumption. PMID- 6969165 TI - Total occlusion of the left main coronary artery: clinical and catheterization findings. AB - In this report clinical and angiographic data on three patients with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery is presented. Two of our cases demonstrated rich collateralization with good preservation of left ventricular (LV) function. The third case, with initial subtotal occlusion and no collaterals, sustained a severe anterolateral myocardial infarction (MI) responding to the use of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). This report is consistent with the findings of others who suggest the possible beneficial effect of collaterals in preserving myocardial contractility in this unusual situation. We suggest that the IABP may be of benefit in patients with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery and sparse collaterals who remain unstable and cannot be operated on immediately. PMID- 6969167 TI - [The palliative intubation of malignant esophageal stenoses by means of a spiral tube. Indications--technic--results]. AB - This is a 15-year-report on experience in the use of a special designed esophageal tube for the treatment of inoperable carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia in 59 patients. Indications and operative procedures are described in detail. The operative mortality was 23.7%. The result was good in 66%, satisfactory in 27%, and poor in 7% of all patients. The longest survival time was 15 months. Complications of the endoesophageal intubation were dislocation, obstruction, penetration, perforation, and bleeding. PMID- 6969166 TI - Cryoprotection of murine lymphocyte subpopulations using a microprocessor controlled cooling system. PMID- 6969168 TI - Specific serum protein levels in women using intrauterine contraceptive device. AB - The report is concerned with the levels of 17 specific serum proteins in 46 women using plastic nonmedicated intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) Dana-Super. Blood samplings were carried out three times: just before the IUCD introduction, 30 and 54 weeks after the insertion of IUCD. The following proteins except haptoglobin were quantitatively determined by radial immunodiffusion: prealbumin, albumin, orosomucoid, alpha 1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, alpha 2HS-glycoprotein, alpha 2-macroglobulin, hemopexin, C3-component, transferrin, beta 2-glycoprotein I, C-reactive protein and immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD. Moderately increased values were found for alpha 2HS-glycoprotein and beta 2-glycoprotein I in sera taken 30 weeks after the insertion of IUCD. AT the same time the augmentation of alpha 1-antitrypsin was established. This might be evoked by the raised protease activity in biological fluids of genital region. The raise in consequence of IUCD application of transferrin and the decrease of haptoglobin at the first postinsertion examination and the decrease of hemopexin and albumin at the second may be associated with higher menstrual bleeding followed by iron deficiency. All other proteins as well as the acute phase proteins showed only minor if any differences as compared with the corresponding start values. Similarly, there is no evidence of a systemic immunoglobulin response to IUCD use. PMID- 6969169 TI - [Subpopulation of T-lymphocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969170 TI - [Significance of gastrointestinal blood loss in renal anemia]. PMID- 6969171 TI - [Diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency]. PMID- 6969172 TI - Circadian rhythm of plasma and adrenal corticosterone in rats: effect of restricted feeding schedules. AB - Young male Wistar rats were maintained under controlled light schedule (light:darkness 12:12 h). Control group had free access to food, while other two groups were fed either for 2 h at the beginning of light period (morning hours) or for 2 h at the beginning of dark period (evening hours). The levels of serum and adrenal corticosterone in a control group were increased during the light period and decreased during the dark one. Circadian rhythm of corticosterone level was not remarkably changed in a group fed at evening hours. However, in a group fed at morning hours the level of corticosterone increased at the end of a dark period, while it decreased after the intake of food. It was concluded that the time of feeding appears to be an important circumstance modifying a circadian rhythm of serum and adrenal corticosterone in rats. PMID- 6969173 TI - Hypothalamic serotoninergic receptors in negative feed-back regulation of pituitary-testicular axis in rats. AB - Complete deafferentation of mediobasal hypothalamus did not prevent a decrease of testosterone level in plasma of male rats after a hemicastration. From this finding a conclusion on a relative autonomy of hypophysiotropic area of hypothalamus in regulating the blood testosterone level by a negative feed-back mechanism was drawn. However, the administration of serotonin (200 micrograms in 10 microliters) into the lateral ventricle in rat males bearing a complete deafferentation of mediobasal hypothalamus resulted in a blocking of compensatory increase of testosterone level in plasma after a hemicastration as compared to either intact or just deafferented animals in which the level of testosterone reached the initial value at 72 h after a hemicastration. Finally, the experiments with the injections of serotonin (2.5 micrograms in 2 microliters) into various areas of mediobasal hypothalamus showed that the site of inhibitory effect of stimulated serotoninergic receptors on the mechanism of negative feed back in pituitary-testicular system may be located in arcuate nuclei. PMID- 6969175 TI - Suppression of thyroid proliferative response to exogenous TSH by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. AB - The influence of three different inhibitors of prostaglandin (PGs) synthesis (aspirin, indomethacin and hydrocortisone) on the proliferative effect of thyrotropin (TSH) has been investigated. It has been found that all these PGs synthesis inhibitors distinctly inhibit the proliferative response of thyroid follicular cells to TSH. This finding suggests an involvement of PGs in the proliferative action of TSH. PMID- 6969174 TI - Acute effect of salicylate on T4 and T3 levels in plasma and their excretion by bile in rats. AB - Male Wistar rats weighing about 400 g were anaesthetized with pentobarbiturate (40 mg kg-1) i.p. and thin polyethylene tubings were inserted in left femoral artery and vein as well as in a bile duct. Blood samples were taken at 30-60 min intervals for 6 h. The total bile was collected to pre-weighed glass vials. With the aid of radioimmunoassay the level of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) was estimated in plasma and the total excretion of these compounds by bile was measured after the incubation of bile aliquots with beta glucuronidase-arylsulphatase. After i.v. injection of sodium salicylate (S; 80 mg kg-1) a significant decrease of T4 and T3 in plasma was found compared either to the initial level found in the same animals or to that found in controls not injected with S. Total excretion of bile was increased within 2 h after the administration of S. Under these conditions, the excretion of T4 was increased, while that of T3 was decreased. It is suggested that the effect of salicylate under the experimental conditions used consists of: 1. displacement of iodothyronines from plasma protein binding; 2. increased bile excretion (during the initial period after the administration of S) presumably due to the increased blood flow through the liver. PMID- 6969176 TI - Psychiatric emergencies: update. PMID- 6969177 TI - Treating the rape victim in the E.D. PMID- 6969178 TI - Androgen-dependent sexual dimorphism of the immune system. AB - An androgen-dependent sexual dimorphism of the immune system was demonstrated in mice. The ration of T/B lymphocytes in the spleen was found to be significantly higher in adult females than in adult males. Furthermore, neonatal androgen administration in females gave rise to a permanent significant decrease of the T/B ratio, while neonatal castration in males resulted in a permanent increase of this ratio. PMID- 6969179 TI - The effect of some cytotoxic agents on lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro. PMID- 6969180 TI - Limited effectiveness of in vitro high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin to overcome resistance in L1210 leukemia cells with elevations of dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 6969182 TI - Leucocyte migration inhibition and rosette tests in pleural effusion. AB - Lymphocytes from pleural effusions have been examined with leucocyte migration inhibition tests (LMIT) and the numbers of B and T lymphocytes estimated. In cases of tuberculous pleurisy a positive LMIT was more frequent than in those of neoplastic etiology. In cases of other etiology no difference has been observed. The proportion of T lymphocytes in pleural effusions from patients with neoplasia was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in other diseases. The number of B lymphocytes was also lower than in cases of other etiology (P < 0.01). The per cent distribution of T and B lymphocytes in tuberculous pleural effusion differed markedly from that of malignant etiology, in the former the proportion of B lymphocytes was high while that of T lymphocytes was low. PMID- 6969181 TI - The effect of diazepam on tension and electrolyte distribution in frog muscle. AB - The effect of diazepam on sartorius muscles of the frog was evaluated. Resting tension in sartorius muscle was not affected by diazepam (5 x 10(-5)M) but twitch tension was increased and tetanus tension decreased. The kinetics of 45Ca efflux were altered by diazepam. The calcium content of the intermediate pool was increased by diazepam (5 x 10(-6)M). When the diazepam concentration was increased (5 x 10(-5)M), the time constant of the slow pool decreased and the 45Ca content of the intermediate pool increased further. It is suggested that diazepam interferes with the calcium sequestering system of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (slow pool) and causes an increase of the calcium content of the myofibrillar space (intermediate pool). PMID- 6969183 TI - Radiologically visible pleural plaques in a one-year material from a health survey in 1976 a cross-sectional study. PMID- 6969184 TI - A comparison of the horizontal and vertical optokinetic reflexes of the rabbit. PMID- 6969185 TI - Effects of granulation-tissue extracts on collagen synthesis. AB - The effect of granulation-tissue extract on the synthesis of collagen in embryonic-chick tendon cells was found to depend on (i) the developmental phase of the granulation tissue, (ii) the concentration of the extract and (iii) the presence of diffusible components in it. The suppressing effect was maximal with concentrated extracts from 2--3-week granulation tissue (where the collagen synthesis is also maximal). The suppressing factor could be enriched by gel filtration chromatography. Cultured human synovial cells were affected like the embryonic-chick cells. When the sponge implant was imbibed with granulation tissue extract in advance, the developing granuloma contained less collagen than the control. The stimulating effects with dilute extracts from granulation tissue were due to diffusible components. Blood serum and rheumatoid synovial fluid samples also stimulated collagen synthesis in granulation-tissue slices, less after dialysis. PMID- 6969188 TI - Cell biology of lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6969186 TI - Effects of anesthesia, surgical manipulation and dehydration on the nucleic acid and protein content of the pituitary and hypothalamus of the frog. AB - Various types of stress, chemical or surgical, have a negative influence on the protein and RNA content of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system of Rana esculenta. A degree of recovery occurs in these tissues 24 h after MS222 anaesthesia and laparotomy. Decapitation is apparently the most suitable method of sacrificing the animals. PMID- 6969187 TI - Levels of erythrocyte 2,3 DPG and ATP in heavy hashish smokers. AB - The variations in concentration of ATP and 2,3 DPG, and in lactic acid production as a function of time, were measured in the erythrocytes of heavy smokers. Results indicate that the most remarkable reduction in concentration of the compounds examined occurred at 30 and 45 min after hashish smoking. The findings are discussed in connection with the possible influence of hashish components, especially delta 9-THC, on the erythrocyte glycolytic pathway. PMID- 6969189 TI - [Placenta accreta and hypotensive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6969192 TI - Thymic development of the chick embryo as influenced by hormonal and early surgical bursectomy. PMID- 6969190 TI - [Formation of plasma capillaries when microcirculation is reduced]. AB - In frogs' retrolingual membrane under conditions of reduced microcirculation, the blood circulating in the microvascular bed contains considerably lesser amount of erythrocytes which aids to the appearance of a large number of plasmatic capillaries transformed from the individual capillaries which: a) are initially narrower, b) whose angles of off--shoot are greater and c) in which the slowdown of blood flow is more pronounced than in the neighbouring branches. PMID- 6969191 TI - [Effect of pulsed ultrasound on photoreceptors]. PMID- 6969193 TI - Treatment of osteoarthrosis with piroxicam in general practice: long-term follow up in a multicentre study. PMID- 6969194 TI - A comparative double-blind study of tiaprofenic acid and aspirin in the treatment of muscular rheumatism, fibrositis, sprains and soft tissue injuries in general practice. AB - Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of tiaprofenic acid 200 mg t.d.s. were compared with those of aspirin 600 mg t.d.s. in 100 patients in general practice suffering from muscular rheumatic pain, fibrositis, sprains and soft tissue injuries. Tiaprofenic acid was shown to be better than aspirin in relieving pain by clinical assessment although both drugs were equally effective according to patients daily assessment. It was not possible to demonstrate any anti inflammatory action by reduction of swelling, but this was only present in 20% of patients initially. Side-effects, none serious, were similar in both groups. PMID- 6969195 TI - Changes in transferrin during the red cell replacement in amphibia. PMID- 6969196 TI - Speech changes in cerebral-palsied patients after cerebellar stimulation. AB - A quantitative study was made of the effects of focal cerebellar stimulation on oral-motor control, duration of phonation, articulation and vocal characteristics in 10 patients with cerebral palsy. The patients were evaluated prior to surgery and again after approximately two and six months of cerebellar stimulation. One patient had normal speech, which was not affected by the stimulation; another case with moderate dysarthria due to severe hearing loss was not helped by the stimulation. Seven patients increased their duration of vowel phonation by about two seconds, a significant amount. Four of the patients with moderate dysarthria improved their articulation, particularly for the consonants S, Sh and Th, after two months of stimulation. Two patients had changes in oral-motor control, which included better tongue and lip movements, and two other cases had small alterations in hypernasality or breathiness. Most of the changes in sound production and speech intelligibility appear to be related to improved intra-oral breath control. PMID- 6969197 TI - [Left ventricular behaviour before and after left anterior descending coronary artery bypass graft. M-mode echocardiographic study in 30 patients (author's transl)]. AB - 30 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients (pts) were studied by echocardiography before and after left anterior descending (LAD) coronary bypass graft in order to evaluate left ventricular (LV) behaviour. Echocardiograms were recorded early pre (48 hours) and post-operatively (mean 12 days) and at a mean distance of 12 months (6 to 15) after operation. The following parameters were considered: left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVDD), right ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDD), right ventricular diastolic dimension (RVDD), diastolic thickness, systolic thickening and motion of the interventricular septum (IVS) and of the LV posterior wall (LVPW). 21 pts (70%) showed reduced systolic thickening (RST less than or equal to 30%) and 17 (57%) reduced systolic motion (RSM less than or equal to 3 mm) of the septum. Before surgery no patient showed IVS paradoxical movement, left bundle branch block, valvular regurgitation, shunt, LV aneurysm. A previous myocardial infarction was present in the story of 7 pts: anterior location in 4 pts, inferior in 3 pts. Soon after operation (mean 12 days) 4 pts showed normal IVS motion; in 7 pts it was reduced (less than or equal to 3 mm) and in 19 IVS was paradoxical. In 15 pts of this last group LVPW motion resulted remarkably increased after the bypass graft. The other echo parameters didn't show significant variation. Averaging 12 months after operation, IVS systolic thickening resulted normal in 21 of the 30 pts. (70%); in 14 of the last group of 21 there was a RST preoperatively. IVS motion resulted normal in 21 of the 30 pts (70%), reduced in 5 (17%), paradoxical in 4 (13%). LVPW motion returned to the preoperative value in all but 3 pts, in whom it remained elevated. The other echo parameters didn't show any significant variation. We conclude that: 1) IVS paradoxical motion is frequently recorded by echo shortly after coronary bypass graft surgery. 2) In most pts it is accompanied by an increased excursion of LVPW, probably compensatory in origin. Both tend to normalize within few months in most of the subjects. PMID- 6969198 TI - [Advances in the control of hemorrhage of the upper digestive system]. PMID- 6969199 TI - [Factors related to 30th day mortality in upper digestive tract hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969201 TI - Portal hypertension, size of esophageal varices, and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - We studied the relationship between the degree of portal hypertension measured by the gradient between wedged and free hepatic venous pressures, the size of esophageal varices, and the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in a series of 100 unselected patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The degree of portal hypertension was not different in patients with no visible, in those with small-sized, and in those with large-sized, esophageal varices. The degree of portal hypertension was not different in patients without and with gastrointestinal bleeding, whether the source of hemorrhage was ruptured varices or acute gastric erosions. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, whether due to ruptured varices or acute gastric erosions, was significantly higher in patients with large-sized, than in those with no visible or small-sized, esophageal varices. It is concluded that, in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, (a) the degree of portal hypertension has no predictive value for the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and (b) large-sized esophageal varices are associated with a high risk of occurrence or recurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding and could be taken into account for a better selection of patients for portacaval shunt. PMID- 6969202 TI - Functioning heterotopic oxyntic mucosa in the rectum. AB - Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the rectum is an extremely rare condition. It is significant clinically because it may cause rectal bleeding or may present as a mass which must be distinguished from a neoplasm. Another case is described, and the 9 previously reported cases are reviewed. This is the first case to be reported in which the heterotopic mucosa was actually shown to secrete measurable acid in response to pentagastrin. The lesion could be accurately demarcated using a pH-probe after pentagastrin stimulation, a maneuver which was helpful in the complete surgical excision of the lesion. PMID- 6969200 TI - Lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract was performed on 84 patients with end-stage chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Gastric acid secretion and fasting plasma gastrin levels were also examined in these patients. Hemorrhagic gastritis was most frequently observed (23 cases) followed by erosive gastritis (18 cases). No patients had gastric ulcers. Duodenal ulcers were observed in only two patients. Gastrointestinal bleeding was observed in 15 cases (17.9%). Thirteen of these 15 cases had hemorrhagic gastritis, one of which had a duodenal ulcer as a complication. Fasting plasma gastrin levels (359.6 +/- 336.5 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those of normal subjects (35.2 +/- 37.1 pg/ml), but no acceleration in gastric acid secretion was observed either in the basal condition (BAO 0.8 +/- 0.7 mEq/h) or following tetragastrin stimulation (MAO 9.0 +/- 6.9 mEq/h). Our results were inconsistent with the previous reports that high frequencies of peptic ulcers and increased gastric acid secretion were observed in patients with chronic renal failure. Our data suggest that the defensive factors rather than the aggressive factors of the gastroduodenal mucosa may be involved in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6969204 TI - The varix volcano connection. PMID- 6969203 TI - Interrelationships of portal pressure, variceal size, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6969205 TI - Development of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the interrenal gland of Rana catesbeiana. PMID- 6969206 TI - The effect of thyroxine and triiodothyronine on glucose-6-phosphate and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity in liver and fat body of the frog Rana esculenta. PMID- 6969207 TI - alpha 1-Antitrypsin-levels and phenotypes in Crohn's disease in the Netherlands. AB - A group of 310 unrelated patients suffering from Crohn's disease has been screened for quantitative and electrophoretic variations of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT). A comparison was made betweeen patients and healthy controls. The distribution of electrophoretic alpha 1AT variants in the patients showed no significant deviation from the controls. The alpha 1AT quantities are significantly higher in the Crohn's disease population than in the controls. PMID- 6969208 TI - [Distal splenorenal shunt for bleeding due to portal hypertension]. PMID- 6969209 TI - [Importance of the determination of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6969210 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of lymph nodes--a variant of histiocytosis X. AB - A clinicopathologic study of histiocytosis X in lymph nodes disclosed a special variant: primary eosinophilic granuloma of lymph nodes. This variant involves one or more lymph nodes, but does not infiltrate any other organs. Histologically, the infiltration of lymph nodes by histiocytosis X cells and eosinophils is similar to that seen in disseminated or metastatic histiocytosis X. Most cases of eosinophilic granuloma of lymph nodes are recognizable as primary, however, by the heavy infiltration of the surrounding tissue. The predominant proliferating cells are histiocytosis X cells ('Langerhans cells'), which contain Birbeck granules on electron microscopy and are lysozyme-negative. The disease was found in 30 patients among a total of 64 cases of histiocytosis X collected at the Lymph Node Registry in Kiel. Primary eosinophilic granuloma of lymph nodes occurs predominantly in children and young adults and shows a slight preponderance of males. Clinically, the patients present with mostly afebrile and sometimes painful lymphadenopathy, which is more often solitary (in the cervical or inguinal region) than widespread. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and/or serum alpha 2-globulin level are elevated in many patients. There may also be an increase in the number of leucocytes, especially eosinophils, in the blood. The prognosis is favourable: the lymphadenopathy disappeared spontaneously in most patients and only one patient developed two recurrences. Thus, primary eosophilic granuloma of lymph nodes is interpreted as a benign lesion. It might be a special reaction of the T cell system. PMID- 6969211 TI - The immunopathology of SLE. PMID- 6969213 TI - A simple method for specific depletion of B lymphocytes from bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - The treatment of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells with rabbit anti bovine immunoglobulin, goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (GAR) and complement resulted in the specific lysis of all surface immunoglobulin (SIg) bearing B lymphocytes. No SIg+ lymphocytes were detected after 12 hours of culture following lytic treatment, whereas cells treated with antibody without complement readily stained for SIg. The percentage of cells forming E-rosettes or binding peanut agglutinin (PNA) increased following lysis. The percentage of latex ingesting monocytes also increased after lysis even though many of these cells had cytophilic Ig. B lymphocyte-depleted (T cell-enriched) populations cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) were never less reactive than unseparated cells. No differences in background mitosis was observed for these 2 cells preparations. These results suggest that bovine SIg- cells do not require B lymphocytes to respond to PHA and Con A and that lysis of B lymphocytes does not alter the responsiveness of the recovered SIg- cells. PMID- 6969212 TI - Chemiluminescence and immune cell activation: general features of the thymocyte chemiluminescent responses to plant lectins. AB - Rat thymocytes respond to exposure to plant lectins by a burst of oxidant generation as detected by chemiluminescence (CL) (CL) in presence of luminol. All lectins tested were capable of evoking CL as long as sufficiently high concentration was used. There was no correlation between the capacity of a given lectin to evoke CL on one hand and its ability to cause mitogenic transformation or thymocyte agglutination on the other. During the first few minutes following exposure to Con A, cells in the thymocyte pool become committed to CL but once commitment is induced, removal of cell bound ligand by addition of excess methyl alpha-D-mannoside does not significantly alter the response. Succinylated Con A is as effective as native Con A at lower concentrations but is much more effective at higher concentrations in evoking CL. Thymocyte CL can occur in absence of extracellular calcium but this calcium-independent CL is reduced by the addition of magnesium. In presence of calcium, CL response is greatly augmented and the calcium dependent response is not inhibited in presence of magnesium. The response is relatively radiosensitive. Thymocyte CL response is inhibitable by catalase and scavengers of oxidative radicals but is relatively resistant to the effects of superoxide dismutase, requiring high concentrations of significant effect. PMID- 6969215 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by subpopulations of human T lymphocytes: killing of human erythrocytes and autologous lymphoid cells. AB - The present study characterized the cytotoxic capabilities of human T lymphocyte subpopulations against human red blood cells (HRBC) and autologous lymphoid cells in an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. T cells bearing Fc receptors for immunoglobulin IgG (TG) were capable of lysis of antibody-coated HRBC and autologous lymphoid cells while T cells with surface Fc receptors for IgM (TM) displayed no ADCC activity TG-cell mediated ADCC could be inhibited by blockage of surface Fc receptors following treatment with aggregated Ig. Null cells and low-affinity E-rosette forming cells were also capable of similar ADCC activity against these targets. PMID- 6969214 TI - Surface properties of LDL-binding lymphocytes in human peripheral blood. AB - Surface properties of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-binding lymphocytes were evaluated to determine whether LDL binds with a subpopulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). B- and T-cell rich fractions were prepared from PBL using E-rosette formation or nylon reticulum columns. Binding of FITC-labelled LDL with these cell fractions was determined with a fluorescent microscope and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS II). The specificity of the binding was evaluated by a dose-dependent inhibition of LDL binding with the addition of unlabelled lipoproteins. In parallel studies, surface properties including E rosette formation, surface immunoglobulins, and receptors for IgG-Fc, as well as human and mouse C3 were examined. LDL binding lymphocytes were enriched in the B cell rich fraction, and depleted in the T-cell rich fraction. In addition, FITC LDL binding lymphocytes were selectively collected by the FACS II. These LDL binding cells restored surface immunoglobulins after incubation in serum-free medium following trypsinization. The majority of lymphocytes stimulated by PHA and PWM in vitro bound with LDL. It is concluded that LDL binds with B cells in fresh human PBL, while it binds with B and T cells in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. It is suggested that the selective collection of LDL binding lymphocytes by the FACS II can be applied to the evaluation of cellular interaction of these cells in various immunological reactions. PMID- 6969216 TI - Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus is mitogenic for IgG-bearing, but also for a subpopulation of IgM- and/or IgD-bearing human lymphocytes. PMID- 6969217 TI - Effect of carrageenan on the induction of cell-mediated cytotoxic responses in vivo. AB - Carrageenan (CAR), a sulphated polygalactose having macrophage toxic properties, elicited a suppression of primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against allogeneic tumour cells in the spleen when the tumour cells (EL-4 tumour cells, H 2b) were administered subcutaneously to AKR mice. When the allogeneic tumour cells were administered intravenously to AKR mice, no CTL responses to the alloantigens were detected in the spleen, but were detected in the peritoneal exudate cells, and CAR treatment suppressed the responses. On the other hand, in vitro secondary CTL responses of cells from alloantigen-primed mice were markedly enhanced by the pre-treatment of such mice with CAR. These results may suggest that two steps, macrophage-dependent and independent, are involved in the development of CTL responses in vivo. PMID- 6969218 TI - Immunoglobulin produced by guinea-pig leukaemic B lymphocytes: its source and use as a monitor of tumour load. AB - The cells of the B lymphocytic leukaemia (L2C) of strain 2 guinea-pigs have IgM on their surfaces but produce insufficient monoclonal IgM in vivo to be detectable by conventional serum electrophoresis. A radioimmunoassay, using anti idiotypic antibody raised against the surface IgM of these cells, has been used to estimate levels of extracellular IgM produced both in vitro and in vivo. Analyses of the contributions to such IgM from the cell surface and from an export pathway have been made by examining the effect of prior removal of surface Fab mu by papain, and by following the fate of radio-iodinated surface IgM. Results suggest that the extracellular IgM arises predominantly from an export pathway, being exported in both pentameric and monomeric forms. Only a minute contribution, possibly in the form of vesicle-bound monomeric IgM, appears to derive from the cell surface. Radioimmunoassay was used to monitor the increasing levels of this leukaemic cell product during the course of the disease. Idiotypic IgM was detectable when the body load of neoplastic cells was approximately 4% of that detectable by an increased white cell count in the blood. PMID- 6969220 TI - Influence of various macrophage populations on Con-A induced T-cell proliferation. AB - The effect of different macrophage populations and supernatants derived from these macrophages on Con-A induced lymphocyte activation in macrophage depleted lymph node cells has been investigated. All macrophage populations tested were able to restore the lymphocytic response to Con A. Macrophages of different origin and differently elicited were heterogeneous with respect to the lymphocyte activating and inhibitory activity. Bone marrow macrophages, cultured from 6 to 14 days or obtained from animals stimulated in vivo by BCG were quite inefficient in restoring the lymphocyte proliferation and showed no inhibitory activity up to the percentage per culture tested. Normal or BCG or proteose-peptone induced peritoneal macrophages were quite efficient stimulators, thioglycollate-broth elicited peritoneal macrophages were less efficient in this respect, but very efficient inhibitors. This is reflected to some degree in the supernatants derived from these macrophages which contain T-lymphocyte activating factor (TAF) and inhibitory factors, most likely low molecular weight inhibitory factors. Bone marrow derived macrophages do not produce either factors in amounts measurable in this assay. These results demonstrate that macrophages, depending on their origin and possibly influenced by external activation signals, are heterogeneous with respect to their function in T-cell proliferation. PMID- 6969221 TI - Effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the thymocyte response to PHA: strain difference. AB - Thymocytes responded well to PHA in terms of [3H]-TdR incorporation if they were precultured in the presence of LPS, whereas fresh thymocytes or thymocytes pre cultured in the absence of LPS responded poorly to PHA. The PHA response of thymocytes pre-cultured with LPS for several hours was similar to that of fresh spleen cells in the kinetics and dose-response profiles. The effect of LPS was found on thymocytes from BALB/c.Cr, AKR/Jms, and DDD/1 mice, but was not observed on those from C3H/HeJms and C57Bl/6J mice, indicating that there is a strain difference in the PHA responsiveness of LPS-pre-cultured thymocytes. In contrast to thymocytes, the response of spleen cells to PHA was enhanced in both C57Bl/6J and BALB/c.Cr mice by pre-culture with LPS. PMID- 6969222 TI - A sub-set of murine T lymphocytes forming rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes. AB - Lymphocytes from two murine strains AKR and CBA were found to form rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes. On comprehensive characterization of these cells by enrichment or selective depletion of constituent T- or B-lymphocytes, rosette forming ability was found to be an attribute of the subpopulation of Thy-1 +ve and Ig -ve cells. Further, the lymphocytes of this subset of T cells were found to be devoid of the receptor for C3 and a majority of them displayed sensitivity to hydrocortisone. PMID- 6969219 TI - Thymic hormonal activity on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, in vitro. I. Reciprocal effect on T and B rosette formation. AB - One hour incubation with the thymic extract TP-1 induced reciprocal effect on B and T rosette formation in lymphocytes of human peripheral blood. The percentage of mouse erythrocyte rosette-forming cells among lymphocytes of chronic lymphatic leukaemia was decreased by TP-1 from 54.5% to 27.1% (P < 0.001). No such effect was observed in healthy adult or cord blood lymphocytes. On the other hand, the percentage of sheep erythrocyte rosette forming cells increased significantly after TP-1 treatment, but only under conditions of active rosette formation and not in the total rosette assay. This increase was highly significant in three conditions with relative deficiency of cell-mediated immunity: newborns (17.1 to 28.3%), cancer patients (24.5 to 31.7%) and patients with lepromatous leprosy (19.8 to 31.8%). Only a small increase was noticed in healthy adults. A similarly prepared spleen extract was not active in either B or T rosette assays. PMID- 6969224 TI - Induction of prophage & absence of mutation induction by psoralen plus near UV light exposure in Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6969223 TI - Further evidence that antibody-dependent and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity are mediated by different processes or cell types. AB - We have observed that canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells are ineffective as mediators of spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) despite being excellent mediators of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Canine lymphocytes were unable to kill seven cell lines in SCMC assays including Chang, K-562, dog kidney, and foetal intestine. One the other hand, they were able to kill Chang and K-562 cell line cells as well as chicken red blood cells in ADCC assay systems. Canine mononuclear cells were 40% E-rosette forming, 30% surface immunoglobulin bearing, 14% Fc receptor bearing, and 13% esterase staining. K-562 cell line cells inhibited the capability of human peripheral blood cells but not canine peripheral blood cells to kill CRBCs in an ADCC assay. Fc-receptor bearing human lymphocytes of both T-cell and null-cell subclasses mediated both SCMC and ADCC, while Fc-receptor bearing canine lymphocytes mediated ADCC but not SCMC. These observations add to the evidence of a dichotomy between SCMC and ADDC with regards to either cell type or cell processes. PMID- 6969225 TI - Anti-inflammatory & analgesic properties of femoxitine (FG 4963). PMID- 6969226 TI - T-cell-mediated cytotoxic response to mumps virus in humans. AB - Mumps-specific T-cell-mediated cytotoxic activity against virus-treated autologous lymphocytes was studied after peripheral blood lymphocytes of sensitized subjects had been incubated with ultraviolet light-inactivated virus antigen. Generation of the cytotoxic activity in vitro was associated with an antecedent lymphoproliferative response to mumps virus. The virus specificity of the effector cells was demonstrated by a lack of lysis of type 1 parainfluenza virus (HVJ)-treated as well as of type A influenza virus-treated autologous target cells. This activity was largely associated with E-rosette-forming T lymphocytes as revealed by negative selection of a population from cultured whole lymphocytes. In addition, sequential investigations for subjects with a natural mumps virus infection clearly demonstrated individual characteristics of the cytotoxic response. Therefore, the assay described could be used to reflect mumps virus-specific T-cell-mediated immunity in humans. PMID- 6969227 TI - Mycoplasma-dependent activation of normal mouse lymphocytes: requirement for functional T lymphocytes in the cytotoxicity reaction mediated by Mycoplasma arthritidis. AB - Syngeneic and allogeneic target cells were killed in the presence of CBA mouse lymphocytes and viable Mycoplasma arthritidis. Medium supplementation had no effect on the response. Nonviable M. arthritidis was also capable of stimulating lymphocytotoxicity, although to a much lesser extent. Cytotoxicity was shown to be largely dependent upon the lymphocytes, since lymphocytes preincubated with mycoplasmas and treated to remove remaining organisms were highly toxic to target cells, whereas supernatants prepared from lymphocyte/mycoplasma mixtures exhibited minimal effects. A 6-h exposure of lymphocytes to mycoplasmas at a ratio of 100:1 was sufficient for commitment to target cell killing. Functional lymphocytes were required for the reaction, since gamma-irradiated lymphocytes did not develop cytotoxic potential despite the fact that the mycoplasmas replicated equally well in the presence of these and untreated lymphocytes. Furthermore, lymphocytes already activated with mycoplasmas lost cytotoxic potential after disruption. The kinetics and degree of lymphocytotoxicity induced by M. arthritidis and phytohemagglutinin toward 51Cr-labeled syngeneic fibroblasts were similar. Removal of most B cells and other adherent cells by column separation did not abrogate the cytotoxic effect. Lymphocyte suspensions treated with anti-Thy 1 antiserum and complement exhibited a marked decrease in their cytotoxic potential when added to labeled target cells in the presence of M. arthritidis. We conclude that the cytotoxic reaction is dependent upon the T lymphocyte subpopulation. PMID- 6969229 TI - The histopathology of the spleen from a patient with lepromatous leprosy. AB - The histopathology of the spleen from a young man with diffuse non-nodular lepromatous leprosy is reported. As judged by this case, other case reports, and necropsy series, involvement of the spleen in lepromatous leprosy is characterized by aggregations of large vacuolated histiocytes, containing individual bacilli and globi, in both the red and white pulp. In the white pulp the histiocytes localize about the arterioles. Findings in the present case, which may represent a comparatively early change, include numerous, small germinal centers containing nonaggregated large, vacuolated histiocytes with intracellular bacilli. PMID- 6969228 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus: specificity of cytotoxic T cells. AB - This communication deals with the question of which of the viral antigens constitutes the targets for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The approach used was, first, to compare cytotoxicity of CTL against target cells infected with virus in the presence of tunicamycin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which are known to inhibit glycoprotein synthesis, and second, to compare cytotoxicity of CTL against target cells infected with wild-type HSV-1 with that against target cells infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of HSV-1 which, at the nonpermissive temperature, exhibits diminished glycoprotein synthesis. The results show that glycoprotein expression is required for the demonstration of cytotoxic activity of CTL. The level of cytotoxicity against the temperature-sensitive HSV-1 target at the nonpermissive temperature was reduced and correlated with the level of expression of the major envelope glycoprotein region (VP123; molecular weight = 123,000) at the target cell surface as measured serologically by antibody binding studies. The results were interpreted to indicate that HSV-1-induced glycoproteins are the target antigens for anti-HSV CTL and that the principal viral antigens recognized by the CTL may be glycoproteins of the VP123 region. PMID- 6969230 TI - The psychodynamic impact of coronary bypass surgery. AB - Twenty-one individuals underwent extensive psychological evaluation before, and four months after, coronary bypass surgery, that examined: defensive mechanisms; fantasies and distortions; subjective meaning of the procedure; and transference and projections. Patients showed a significant improvement in their physical condition and indicated vigorous psychodynamic activity. Both before and after surgery many patients: a) used denial; b) misconceived the procedure; c) developed a subjective explanation of etiology; d) mourned; and e) revered their surgeon. Following surgery, many patients: a) rationalized their decision; b) reviewed their life and changed priorities (valuing human closeness, devaluing work); and c) recognized their mortality (engendering a renewed interest in life and/or rage). PMID- 6969233 TI - Somatic aberrations in relation to lethality in Tradescantia stamen hairs: the influence of radiation dose and quality. AB - The survival curves for Tradescantia clone 02 stamen hairs after X-and neutronirradiation are characteristic for those usually found in many eukaryotic organisms. Two somatic mutations or aberrant cell types, pink and colourless, were closely associated with each other and followed similar dose-response curves after neutron irradiation until saturation doses were reached. This relationship changed at higher doses where one aberrant cell type predominates. Similar effects were found after X-irradiation but lethality was not observed at low doses. The yield of certain somatic aberrations within the possible spectrum changed at the doses at which stamen hair survival was reduced to about 70 percent. The maximum yield of somatic aberrations in relation to the amount of lethality incurred may also be changed in this system by radiation quality. PMID- 6969231 TI - Negative pion irradiation of mammalian cells. III. A comparative analysis of DNA strand breakage, repair and cell survival after exposure to pi-mesons and X-rays. AB - The yields of immediate and residual breaks in DNA of X- and peak pion irradiated Chinese hamster cells were measured by hydroxylapatite chromatography in order to investigate the r.b.e. of immediate break production and the relation between residual breaks and survival in the same low dose range of up to 10 Gy. A linear dose response for immediate break induction was observed with an r.b.e. of 0.37 for peak pions, whereas the formation of residual breaks showed a linear quadratic dose dependence for both types of radiation. The dose-effect curves of residual break can directly be correlated with the corresponding survival curves for both radiation types used indicating that residual breaks are lethal events (most probably unrepaired double strand breaks) formed in this low dose range by single- and multi-hit interactions. Despite their lower efficiency in formation of immediate breaks peak pions produce more residual breaks per dose than X-rays. PMID- 6969232 TI - The relationship between heating time and temperature for inhibition of growth in baby rat cartilage by combined hyperthermia and X-rays. AB - The relationship between the Thermal Enhancement Ratio (TER) for X-ray damage and time of heating has been investigated in epiphyseal rat cartilage. The TER at each temperature rises steeply with increasing heating time. Data obtained using various heat treatments with 8 Gy of X-rays have been analysed in terms of stunting "rate' as measured by the slope of the dose-effect curve obtained for each temperature. The "rate' of stunting per unit heating time, induced by thermally enhanced X-ray damage is compared with the "rate' of stunting induced by heat alone. The two are similar each having an activation energy of approximately 550kJ mole-1, as determined using the Arrhenius equation. Halving the heating time requires at 1 degrees C temperature increase to achieve the same degree of thermal enhancement of X-ray damage. Similar results have been reported previously for damage caused by heat alone. Over a range 42 degrees C-45 degrees C, the threshold heating time to cause direct thermal injury falls within the range of times used to enhance X-ray damage. It is suggested that a component of damage due to direct thermal injury, indistinguishable from radiation damage and thermally enhanced radiation damage, will contribute to TER assessments in some experimental systems. PMID- 6969234 TI - Rapid recovery in human diploid fibroblasts. AB - Rapid split dose and single dose recovery were examined in exponentially growing and in density inhibited, stationary phase culture of human diploid fibroblasts. The cultures were exposed to cobalt-60 gamma rays at a dose-rate of 50 rad/s:0-90 min were allowed between exposures or following a single exposure prior to subculture at low density. A rapid phase of recovery occurred which was of greater magnitude in the plateau phase cultures. Dose-dependent rapid recovery occurred within 2-10 min of the initial exposure, and was greater following single dose versus split dose irradiations. When the post-irradiation temperature was maintained at 37 degrees C, two phases of recovery were observed, one at early times (2-10 min) and one later (30-90 min). No recovery was observed with incubation at 4 degrees C, whereas incubation at room temperature (25 degrees C) allowed rapid recovery (2-10 min) to take place, but not the slower process (30 90 min). The hypothesis that this rapid recovery phenomenon is related to cell-to cell contact and to repair of potentially lethal damage is discussed. PMID- 6969235 TI - Netherlands Radiobiological Society. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 6969236 TI - Actinomycin D suppresses radiation transformation in vitro. PMID- 6969237 TI - Do carbon ultrasoft X-rays induce exchange aberrations in cultured mammalian cells? PMID- 6969238 TI - Treatment of spasticity by dorsal cord stimulation. AB - Two types of operations can be proposed today in the neurosurgical treatment of spasticity; the destruction of a brain target, a medullary pathway or a nerve root, and electrical stimulation of nervous structures. Striking improvements in voluntary motor control and sensory appreciation were first reported by Cook and Weinstein (1) in 1973, after implantation of a dorsal cord stimulator for intractable back pain in a case of muiltiple scleroris. The favourable effect on spasticity was confirmed later by other groups. Our own experience, with 26 cases tested for a few days with floating electrodes and 11 cases operated on and followed up for more than 3 years, shows that the best results are obtained in cases of medullary spasticity, without complete section of the cord, occurring mainly in multiple sclerosis. Cerebral spasticity did not respond as well. The objective data, measurement of stretch and H-reflexes, support the clinical results. The physiological mechanisms of dorsal cord stimulation on spasticity have not yet been elucidated. PMID- 6969239 TI - Emission tomographic images of the skull with fluorine-18. PMID- 6969240 TI - T-lymphocytes in human cancer. I. Mitogen-responsiveness of lymphocytes in cancer patients. PMID- 6969241 TI - Lymphocytotoxins in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6969242 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on mouse erythrocyte rosette-forming human lymphocytes. AB - Prostaglandins (PGs) E2 and F2 alpha, preincubated with human lymphocytes for short periods of time inhibit mouse erythrocyte rosette formation. The presence of calcium ions does not influence this effect, which is dose-dependent and relatively temperature-independent. These observations indicate the PG treatment of lymphocytes may be useful to distinguish a subclass of IgM-bearing mouse erythrocyte rosette-forming B lymphocytes, which is sensible to the modulating effect of Pgs. PMID- 6969243 TI - Effects of ascorbic acid on 3H-thymidine incorporation by isolated mouse thymocytes. AB - The 15-min incorporation of 3H-thymidine (Tdr) and 3H-uridine (Ur) into nucleic acids of freshly isolated mouse thymocytes decreased steadily with time of preincubation at 37 degrees C. Sodium ascorbate at 5 mM prevented the decline of 3H-Tdr incorporation by preventing the decrease in its uptake. No such effect was noted on the incorporation of 3H-Ur, suggesting that ascorbate might be more specific for cells in or near the S phase of the cell cycle. The ene-diol group on the ascorbate molecule was required for this function, as ascorbyl-2-sulfate was ineffective and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reduced 3H-Tdr incorporation even further. Ascorbate was also inhibitory at a lower concentration (0.1 mM) or lower cell density. Thiols such as dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione seemed to act like 0.1 mM rather than 5 mM ascorbate. The inhibition by 0.1 mM ascorbate was presented by 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), catalase or anaerobiosis. BSA had its own protective effects on the cells, since at 0.1% it increased the uptake of both 3H-Tdr and 3H-Ur. The combined effects of 5 mM ascorbate and 0.1% BSA on 3H Tdr uptake were additive, but some synergism was noted at the lower BSA concentrations. These results suggest that with low concentrations of ascorbate (0.1 mM) oxidative reactions occur in vitro, resulting in the accumulation of the toxic hydroxyl radical (. OH). High concentrations apparently override this inhibition by a mechanism possibly involving an increase in critical cellular thiol groups. PMID- 6969244 TI - Regluating factors in helper T-cell maturation. AB - The effect of soluble and insoluble thymic fractions (STF and ITF, respectively) on the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was tested at different times after injection in mice. In normal mice, a temporary increase in the number of plaque forming cells (PFCs) was observed after injecting either ITF and STF, this increase being more prolonged when both fractions were injected together. In thymectomized, lethally irradiated mice repopulated with syngeneic untreated bone marrow, full reconstitution of T helper function was achieved only if both ITF and SFT were injected, partial reconstitution being obtained when either of these fractions was administered alone. In thymectomized, lethally irradiated mice repopulated with T-depleted bone marrow, reconstitution of the T helper function was only achieved when both ITF and SFT were administered. These results show that ITF and STF together constitute all the essential elements of the thymic microenvironment necessary to support the entire differentiation process of prethymic precurosors into helper T cells. PMID- 6969245 TI - Serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin and Pi types in children with bronchiolitis. AB - Alpha 1-antitrypsin levels were determined at the beginning of the disease and after clinical recovery in a group of 51 infants with bronchiolitis, and the results were compared to those obtained in 24 normal infants and in 15 infants with viral bronchopneumonia. Distribution of Pi types in the patients with bronchiolitis was also compared to that observed in a control population of 170 blood donors of the same ethnic background. Both serum levels of alpha 1 antitrypsin and prevalence of non-M phenotypes were not statistically different from the values found in the control groups, thus not supporting the hypothesis that a deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin plays a role in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis. A non explained finding was the lack of elevation of serum level of alpha 1-antitrypsin during the acute phase of the bronchiolitis process, a fact present in the group of patients with bronchopneumonia. PMID- 6969246 TI - 14q +- A consistent marker of plasma cell leukaemia. PMID- 6969248 TI - Pathophysiology of inner ear dysfunction in the squirrel monkey in rapid decompression. AB - More than 90 squirrel monkeys with bilateral myringotomies (a small hole in each ear drum) were rapidly decompressed in a hyperbaric chamber according to a special diving profile in which 35% of attempts produced disorders ("hits") confined to the inner ear. Monkeys receiving inner ear hits (as determined by the sudden onset of vigorous head or eye nystagmus during decompression) were tested and killed at times ranging from 1 h to more than 12 mo following the dive. Histologically, in monkeys killed 1 mo or less after the hit, hemorrhage and/or a deep purple-staining precipitated material were frequently found in the otic fluid spaces. In those monkeys killed more than 1 mo after a hit, ectopic new bone growth in the arms of the semicircular canals was a common sequela. New bone growth never appeared in the cochlea. In unaffected ears, and in both ears of control animals, the precipitated material was somewhat less than in ears damaged by decompression; and, furthermore, new bone growth did not occur. Behaviorally, the hit monkeys showed vestibular deficits that were consistent with the structural damage revealed by histology. PMID- 6969247 TI - Immunoelectron microscopy of cell surface antigens: a quantitative analysis of antibody binding after different fixation protocols. AB - The effect of different fixation solutions on the denaturation of membrane associated antigens in murine lymphoid cells was determined quantitatively using microfluorometric analysis and a radioimmunoassay. Paraformaldehyde and periodate lysine-paraformaldehyde solutions preserved the antigenicity of cell surface associated immunoglobulin (S-Ig) antigens when used in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 4%. However, glutaraldehyde destroyed the antigenicity of S-Ig and Thy 1.2 molecules at concentrations higher than 0.1%. Electron microscopic analysis of the different fixed cell suspensions, after labelling of the cells with a rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (RaM-Ig HRP) showed that prefixation of the sample with 0.1% glutaraldehyde was optimal for immunoelectron microscopical studies, since this concentration preserved both the antigenicity of membrane-associated antigens as well as the ultrastructure of the cells under study. Prolonged fixation periods affected antibody binding. However, S-Ig molecules denatured at a slower rate than Thy 1.2 molecules. A preparation method for the immunoelectron microscopical localization of lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell types in lymphoid organs is reported. PMID- 6969249 TI - Simultaneous evaluation of pancreatic exocrine function and intestinal absorptive function in dogs with chronic diarrhea. AB - The N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA):xylose test was evaluated in 5 clinically normal dogs, 5 dogs with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), and 7 dogs with intestinal malabsorption. A solution of BT-PABA (1 g/100 ml) and d-xylose (10 g/100 ml) was given orally (5 ml/kg of body weight) to dogs in each group. Plasma p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) curves were decreased in dogs with PEI and intestinal malabsorption (P < 0.05) but were the lowest in dogs with PEI, compared with clinically normal dogs. Xylose values in dogs with malabsorption were decreased (P < 0.05), compared with clinically normal dogs. Dogs with PEI had plasma xylose values that were intermediate to values in clinically normal dogs and dogs with intestinal malabsorption. Results of BT-PABA:xylose testing were compared with results of sodium PABA:xylose testing, to determine whether decreased PABA values obtained by the BT-PABA:xylose test were caused by free PABA malabsorption or by maldigestion of BT-PABA. The sodium PABA:xylose test was performed in dogs from each group by oral administration of a solution (5 ml/kg) of sodium PABA (0.372 g/100 ml) and d-xylose (10.0 g/100 ml). Plasma PABA values obtained by the sodium PABA:xylose test were similar in each group. Thus, different PABA values obtained by the BT-PABA:xylose test were not caused by PABA malabsorption. Xylose values were similar to values obtained by the BT PABA:xylose test. It was concluded that: (1) the BT-PABA:xylose test is a practical test for detecting maldigestion or malabsorption in the dog; (2) dogs with intestinal malabsorption may have functional PEI; and (3) decreased PABA plasma values obtained by BT-PABA:xylose testing are not caused by malabsorption of free PABA. PMID- 6969250 TI - Diastereomeric 7-alpha-ureidoacetyl cephalosporins. V. Antimicrobial activity, beta-lactamase stability and pharmacokinetics of 7-(alpha-ureido-2-amino-4 thiazolylacetyl)-cephalosporins. AB - Diastereomeric 7-(alpha-ureido-2-amino-4-thiazolylacetyl)cephalosporins are broad spectrum antimicrobial agents with activity mainly against Gram-negative bacteria. The L-isomers were more potent than the D-isomers. All compounds showed some degree of stability to beta-lactamases. The compounds reached high serum and tissue fluid levels and were excreted unchanged mainly in urine. PMID- 6969251 TI - Isoelectric focusing of beta-lactamases. PMID- 6969253 TI - CT-scan diagnosis of lesions causing an angle or internal auditory canal syndrome. PMID- 6969252 TI - Comparative stabilities of penicillins and cephalosporins to staphylococcal beta lactamase and activities against Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6969254 TI - Poschl positioning and the radiology of meniere's disease. PMID- 6969255 TI - Mechanism of Haemophilus influenzae transfection by single and double prophage deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Whole phages HP1 and HP3, vegetative-phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and single and tandem double prophage DNA were exposed to ultraviolet radiation and then assayed on a wild-type (DNA repair-proficient) Haemophilus influenzae Rd strain and on a repair-deficient uvr-1 strain. Host cell reactivation (DNA repair) was observed for whole-phage and vegetative-phage DNA but not for single and double prophage DNA. Competent (phage-resistant) Haemophilus parainfluenzae cells were normally transfected with H. influenzae-grown phage DNA and with tandem double prophage DNA but not at all with single prophage DNA. CaCl2-treated H. influenzae suspensions could be transfected with vegetative phage DNA and with double prophage DNA but not with single prophage DNA. These observations support the hypothesis that transfection with single prophage DNA occurs through prophage DNA single-strand insertion into the recipient chromosome (at the bacterial att site) followed by DNA replication and then prophage induction. PMID- 6969256 TI - Mechanism of additive genetic transformation in Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Transforming deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) preparations from Haemophilus influenzae Rd strains carrying a chromosomally integrated, conjugative, antibiotic resistance transfer (R) plasmid were exposed to ultraviolet radiation and then assayed for antibiotic resistance transfer on sensitive wild-type Rd competent suspensions and on similar suspensions of a uvr-1 mutant unable to excise pyrimidine dimers. No host cell reactivation of resistance transfer (DNA repair) was observed. Parallel experiments with ethanol-precipitated, heated, free R plasmid DNA preparations gave much higher survival when assayed on the wild-type strain compared to the survival on the uvr-1 strain. These observations indicate that additive genetic transformation (in this case, the addition of the integrated R plasmid to the recipient genome) involves single-strand insertion. PMID- 6969257 TI - Psychiatric treatment and record organized by objectives. AB - The Weed system is an orderly identification of patient problems, interventions guided by these problems, an systematic documentation of more or less effective solutions. We outline our attempts to modify this system in a manner to retain these essentials while increasing acceptance by staff in a psychiatric unit of a general hospital. Our system, termed treatment organized by objectives (TOBO), and the companion record organized by objective (ROBO), may serve as practical modifications of the problem-oriented system and record. PMID- 6969258 TI - Second generation antidepressants. AB - One approach to research into depressive illness includes a clinical pharmacotherapeutic tack such as the use of investigational drugs with defined pharmacological and biochemical activity. Using this research strategem, a variety of new compounds have been investigated in recent years all of which are unique chemically; all differ from the classic tricyclic-MAOI compounds. Animal pharmacology and neurochemical studies also show a profile which largely differs from the standard reference compounds. Their effects on central monoamine metabolism differ widely; some act pre- and others postsynaptically, some act by re-uptake inhibition, others by enhancing release, others are precursors, while still others are receptor agonists; some have no apparent central effect. The data, considered collectively and critically evaluated, suggest that many of the newer compounds used investigationally, because of their clinical efficacy, seriously question the involvement of monoamines as responsible for either the antidepressant effect of the standard psychotropic drugs or as etiopathogenic in the affective disorders. The classic animal screening profiles used for predicting antidepressant drug efficacy in man do not hold for many of these newer antidepressants. the animal-laboratory models need be revised and reoriented towards finding similar molecules that are devoid of the addling side effects and contraindications of the existing standard tricyclic-MAOI genre. The newer second generation antidepressants stand as a hallmark of progress in research and treatment with psychotropic drugs. PMID- 6969259 TI - Complementation of subunits from different bacterial luciferases. Evidence for the role of the beta subunit in the bioluminescent mechanism. AB - Complementation of the nonidentical subunits (alpha and beta) of luciferases isolated from two different bioluminescent strains, Beneckea harveyi and Photobacterium phosphoreum, has resulted in the formation of a functional hybrid luciferase (alpha h beta p) containing the alpha subunit from B. harveyi luciferase (alpha h) and the beta subunit from P. phosphoreum luciferase (beta p). The complementation was unidirectional; activity could not be restored by complementing the alpha subunit of P. phosphoreum luciferase with the beta subunit of B. harveyi luciferase, showing that the subunits from these luciferases were not identical. Kinetic parameters of the hybrid luciferase reflecting the intermediate and later steps of the bioluminescent reaction as well as the overall activity and specificity were essentially identical to the same kinetic parameters for B. harveyi luciferase, the source of the alpha subunit, and quite distinct from those of P. phosphoreum luciferase. However, kinetic parameters that reflected the initial step in the reaction involving interaction of FMNH2 and luciferase were altered in the hybrid luciferase compared to both the parental luciferases, the Kd for FMNH2 actually being closer to that observed for the P. phosphoreum luciferase (the source of the beta subunit). These results provide direct evidence that modification or alteration of the beta subunit in a dimeric luciferase molecule can affect the kinetic properties and indicates that the beta subunit plays a functional role in the bioluminescent mechanism. It is proposed that both the alpha and beta subunits are involved with the initial interaction with FMNH2, whereas subsequent steps in the mechanism are dictated exclusively by the alpha subunit and are unaffected by alterations in the beta subunit. PMID- 6969260 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent bone protein by osteosarcoma cells. AB - Rat osteosarcoma cells respond to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with a 6-fold increase in intracellular and secreted levels of the vitamin K-dependent protein of bone (BGP). The rise in intracellular BGP levels is half-maximal at 6.6 h and precedes the rise in medium BGP levels by 6 h, a time course which is consistent with the postulated steroid hormone action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. This effect is achieved by physiological levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, with half of the maximal response at a vitamin concentration of 0.04 ng/ml. The specificity of this effect for BGP is demonstrated by the absence of a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 effect on total protein synthesis by these cells. To our knowledge, BGP is the first example of a bone protein whose rate of synthesis is dramatically and specifically increased by physiological levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The possible functions of BGP in the biological actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone are discussed. PMID- 6969261 TI - Conditioned medium from endothelial cell cultures can restore the normal phenotypic expression of vascular endothelium maintained in vitro in the absence of fibroblast growth factor. PMID- 6969262 TI - X-ray-induced production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM CSF) by mouse spleen cells in culture. AB - Spleen cells were collected from normal mice and cultured in a medium containing 20% calf serum. Addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the culture significantly increased the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM CSF), and a maximum induction was attained in 5 days. Irradiation of the spleen cells with 300 to 3,000R X-rays also enhanced the production of GM-CSF, but there was a latent period of about 5 days before the factor appeared in the culture medium. The observed difference between LPS and X-rays in the timing of inducing GM-CSF production in the spleen cell culture was consistent with the difference in timing of the increase of spleen cell proliferation observed in animals after the administration of LPS or during recovery from damages by X-irradiation. It was observed furthermore that the X-ray-induced GM-CSF differed from the LPS induced GM-CSF in its molecular properties; the X-ray-induced factor was represented by an acidic (pI = 3.0) 70,000-dalton species, while the LPS-induced factor was much smaller in size (M.W. 20,000) and less acidic (pI = 5.4). These results suggest that different mechanisms of GM-CSF production operate in the spleen in response to either LPS or X-rays. PMID- 6969264 TI - The acquisition of the voicing contrast in Spanish: a phonetic and phonological study of word-initial stop consonants. PMID- 6969263 TI - Adhesive and non-adhesive membrane domains of amphibian embryo cells. AB - Superficial blastomeres of mid-cleavage stage amphibian embryos (32- and 64-cell stage) display regional cell-surface differences in adhesiveness. The cells are adhesive on the lateral and basal cell surfaces and non-adhesive on the apical surface. These adhesive differences are maintained by single cells which have been dissociated from the intact embryo. Pigmentation differences afford a means of distinguishing apical surface from basal/lateral surface in dissociated cells. The apical surface is underlain by melanin granules and so appears dark, whereas the lateral and basal surfaces lack pigment and are white. Scanning electron micrograph observations of isolated superficial cells reveal striking morphological differences between the adhesive and non-adhesive regions. The apical (non-adhesive) portion of the cell surface has a convoluted appearance and is almost entirely devoid of microvilli. The lateral and basal (adhesive) surfaces lack the convolutions of the apical surface and bear scattered microvilli. The isolated superficial cells continue to divide in culture. The cells display a unilateral or one-sided furrow which begins in the basal surface and progresses toward the apical surface. The plane of cleavage of most of the cells is oriented such that the pigmented cap is bisected, with very few cells having the plane of the furrow pass parallel to the apical surface. The direction of furrowing in the isolated cells from the 32- to 64-cell embryo represents a direction of furrow progression in the intact embryo from the interior to the surface. Since the early cleavages are initiated at the surface and progress into the interior, it is suggested that a reversal in direction of furrowing occurs by mid-cleavage stages. PMID- 6969265 TI - Consistency in the pattern of change in mothers' speech: some discriminant analyses. PMID- 6969267 TI - Motor axon sprouting and site of synapse formation in intact innervated skeletal muscle of the frog. PMID- 6969268 TI - Use of carbon labeling to demonstrate the role of blood monocytes as precursors of the 'ameboid cells' present in the corpus callosum of postnatal rats. AB - Cells with features suggestive of ameboid motion and phagocytic properties are observed in the rat corpus callosum during the first few days of life. These cells, hereafter referred to as 'ameboid cells', have been investigated in several ways. An electron microscopic study of the corpus callosum in 5- to 7-day old rats indicated that most 'ameboid cells' were typical macrophages, but some displayed features of monocytes, while others appeared to be transitional between the two types. These observations raised the possibility that blood monocytes were the precursors of 'ameboid cells'. This possibility was tested by injecting a suspension of carbon particles into the circulation of rats of various ages to label and trace monocytes. Within 15 minutes after injection, carbon particles were seen between cells in blood smears as well as in the lumen of capillaries, but not between cells and axons in corpus callosum. By a half hour, a few of the circulationg monocytes, and with time, up to half of them, contained carbon particles. Five days after injection, carbon particles were observed in cells of the corpus callosum identified as 'ameboid cells' of the monocytic and macrophagic type. Such carbon-containing cells were seen in many of the animals injected at the age of 0-1 day, in few of those injected at 3-5 days, and in none of the older animals. Since free carbon had not been observed in corpus callosum spaces, it was concluded that 'ameboid cells' did not pick up carbon locally. The alternative was that blood monocytes, after ingesting carbon particles in the circulation, migrated to the corpus callosum and settled as 'ameboid cells'. In the hope of obtaining a direct confirmation of this conclusion, blood cells obtained from carbon-injected Lewis rats were centrifuged in a Percoll gradient to obtain a fraction which contained 70-80% monocytes, less than 2% granulocytes, and 20-30% lymphocytes. Carbon was present in up to half of the monocytes and 1% of the granulocytes, but not in the lymphocytes; and it was calculated that over 99% of the carbon-labeled cells were monocytes. The cell fraction was then introduced into the blood circulation of 2- to 3-day-old syngeneic Lewis rats, and the animals were sacrificed 5 days later. Occasional carbon-labeled cells appeared not only in liver, spleen and connective tissue, but also in the corpus callosum, where they were identified as 'ameboid cells' of the monocytic and macrophagic type. Even though such cells were infrequent, their presence conclusively demonstrated that at least some 'ameboid cells' of the corpus callosum were derived from circulating blood monocytes. PMID- 6969266 TI - Dual parameter flow cytometry studies in human lymphomas. AB - Dual parameter flow cytometry studies using Coulter volume and cell DNA content were carried out in monodisperse cell suspensions of 64 samples of human lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and benign lymphoid proliferations. Differences in mean Coulter volume among the lymphomas were due both to the intrinsic differences in mean G1 cell Coulter volume and to the presence of increased fractions of larger S and G2 cells, especially among the large B cell lymphomas. However, the relative contribution of large non-G1 cells to the overall population Coulter volume distribution was a relatively minor one; the presence of cells in S did not increase mean Coulter volume by more than 10%, even in samples with high S fractions. There was a good correlation between mean G1 cell Coulter volume and the log of the fraction of cells in S among the B cell lymphomas (r = 0.55). Evidence is presented that within individual samples, large cells proliferate more rapidly than small cells. This was seen in every case, both in the normal samples and in the lymphomas, and in the T cell lymphomas as well as in the B cell lymphomas. Aneuploidy was detected by flow cytometry in 11 cases; in 7 cases the aneuploid cell component could be analyzed separately from the diploid cell component on the basis of cell Coulter volume differences. The aneuploid components of diploid-aneuploid mixtures had higher S fractions than the diploid components in six of seven cases (0.16 +/- 0.04 [SE] vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02). These findings are considered in relation to the histopathological classification of the lymphomas, and in relation to the concept of clonal selection and clonal evolution of tumors. PMID- 6969269 TI - Freeze-fracture study of the postsynaptic membrane of the cerebellar mossy fiber synapse in the frog. AB - We have examined the postsynaptic membrane of the synaptic junctions of frog cerebellar mossy fibers by electron microscopy of freeze-fracture replicas and thin sections. The intramembranous particles (imps) in the E fracture face of the postsynaptic membrane are approximately 10 nm in size and form conspicuous aggregates which we classified as macular, annular, or anastomotic in form, according to the occurrence and placement of imp-free "windows" within the aggregate. The size and shape of the aggregates appear related in that the area of macular aggregates is consistently smaller than the area of annular or anastomotic aggregates. Measurements of aggregate area range from 0.06 to 0.75 micrometer2. The variable size and shape of the imp aggregate in the postsynaptic membrane sets it apart from other excitatory synapses in the central nervous system, where macular aggregates are usually described. Examination of serial thin sections suggests that the shape of the postsynaptic density is equivalent to that of the imp aggregate observed in the postsynaptic membrane by freeze fracture. This supports the notion that the region of postsynaptic membrane associated with the postsynaptic density in thin sections corresponds to the particle-rich regions of E face membrane observed in freeze-fracture replicas. PMID- 6969270 TI - Elevated serum immunoglobulin E in T cell-deficient infants fed cow's milk. AB - Serum IgE levels at various ages during infancy were related to the number of T cells assessed at the age of 1 mo and type of feeding. Cow's milk-fed babies with low T cell counts had higher IgE at the ages of 3 and 6 mo than breast-fed babies with low T cell counts. Of the babies fed cow's milk, those with low T cell counts had higher IgE levels than those with normal T cell counts. Onset of cow's milk feeding before the age of 3 mo in babies with low T cell counts was associated with continuously elevated IgE during the first year of life, as compared with babies with normal T cell counts. However, when cow's milk feeding was instituted after the age of 3 mo such a difference was not noted. It is concluded that in T cell-deficient infants there might exist a critical period during which onset of cow's milk feeding is associated with subsequently increased IgE synthesis. PMID- 6969271 TI - Age-related changes in the cornea. AB - The optometrist observes and must distinguish between physiologic and pathologic changes in the cornea. This paper deals with normal, physiologic age-related corneal changes. Age-related changes are those that occur over the entire life span, not merely in senescence. They include changes in corneal curvature, toricity, diameter, asphericity, thickness, tactile sensitivity, and a variety of senescent changes. The senescent changes of the cornea include a reduction in epithelial luster, dellen, microcystic dystrophy, the Hudson-Stahli line, crocodile shagreen, the white limbus girdle of Vogt, an increase in stromal relucency, cornea farinata, arcus senilis, Hassall-Henle warts, guttata, a reduction in endothelial cell count and Krukenberg's spindle. PMID- 6969272 TI - Constancy of adult personality structure in males: longitudinal, cross-sectional and times-of-measurement analyses. AB - Constancy or change in adult personality organization can be assessed by comparing the factor structure of personality instruments at different ages, and some studies have reported cross-sectional differences in structure. The present study compares the factor structure of the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey scales longitudinally in three administrations 6 years apart and cross sectionally in three age cohorts. Additional analyses compare first administration data collected in two successive decades to test for variation in structure resulting from cultural change over that period. Subjects were 769 male volunteers in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, aged 17 to 97 at the time of the first administration. Three varimax-rotated principal components were extracted in each of eight analyses. Results show no systematic evidence of variation in structure in any of these groups, with coefficients of factor congruence ranging from .83 to .99. This longitudinally demonstrated invariance of personality structure is discussed in terms of the implications for the stability of personality organization throughout the adult years and for the use of personality tests in elderly groups. PMID- 6969273 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of cystic disease of the liver. PMID- 6969274 TI - The mouse submandibular gland: an exocrine organ for growth factors. PMID- 6969275 TI - The effect of low-level ozone concentrations on the serum levels of immunoglobulins, alpha-1-antitrypsin and transferrin and on the activation of peripheral lymphocytes. AB - Long-term exposure (2--9 years) to ozone levels exceeding the Czechoslovak value of mean maximum allowable concentration (0.1 mg . m-3) turned out to induce changes in the exposed persons which can be characterized as initial immune disorders. Higher levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, alpha-1-antitrypsin and transferrin detected in comparison to the reference value in the group of ozone-exposed persons and significantly increased alpha-1-antitrypsin and transferrin levels in comparison to the control group of ore miners can be interpreted as a result of changed adaptation mechanisms in the organism. Analysis of the distribution pattern of the frequency of IgA and IgG changes exceeding the standard deviation shows that the group of ozone-exposed subjects exhibits a higher frequency of these changes than the control group of ore miners. However, the concurrently compared relative numbers of increases and decreases in both groups seem to indicate a considerable interindividual variability in the indicators studied. PMID- 6969276 TI - Detection of Fc gamma receptors on human lymphoblastoid cell surfaces using a simple solid phase radioimmunoassay specific for human IgG. AB - The aim of this work was to detect Fc gamma receptors on human lymphoblastoid cells using a solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA), specific to human IgG. RIA was performed by coupling rabbit anti-human IgG (AHIgG) to acrylamide beads to make immunobeads. The specificity and sensitivity of binding of human [125I]IgG to immunobeads permitted detection of as little as 10(-10) M unlabeled human IgG or aggregated human IgG (AHIgG) in competitive assay. The cells were incubated with an AHIgG concentration (3 x 10(-10) M) giving 25% inhibition in the RIA; unbound AHIgG concentration was then measured in the cell supernatants using RIA. Results show that Fc gamma receptors could be detected at 20 degrees C or at 37 degrees C (but not at 4 degrees C) on the four B cell lines tested. At whatever temperature of incubation, Fc gamma receptors were not detected on three T cell lines nor on two 'non T-non B' cell lines. This method allows screening of a large number of Fc gamma receptor positive cells. It is also useful for detecting Fc gamma receptors in membrane preparations or in detergent extracts of human B cell membranes. PMID- 6969278 TI - Nuclear medicine studies in detection of gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6969277 TI - Mitogen stimulation during rosette formation: a test to measure numbers and function of T, B, 'D' and 'null' lymphocytes in man. AB - A technically simple procedure is described for simultaneous determination of numbers and functions of human blood lymphocyte subpopulations. The method is based on stimulation with mitogens (PHA, Con A and PWM) with simultaneous rosetting to detect E receptors and C3 receptors. Con A and PWM activate the affinity of C3 receptors in normal lymphocytes increasing the number of cells rosetting with zymosan-complement particles, and also the number of cells giving rosettes with both zymosan-complement particles and sheep red blood cells (B cells and 'D' cells respectively). PHA activates E receptors, increasing the number of T cells detected. The lymphocytes of 33 patients with allergic diseases of the skin and respiratory tract showed a decrease in C3 rosettes during stimulation with Con A and PWM, which suggests a defect of helper and suppressor functions of lymphocytes in these patients. PMID- 6969279 TI - Portal hypertension. PMID- 6969280 TI - Comparison of rat, mouse, and human Pneumocystis carinii by immunofluorescence. PMID- 6969281 TI - beta-Lactamase activity in human pus. AB - Pus was obtained from patients with polymicrobial intraabdominal abscesses or polymicrobial empyema. Physical and chemical characteristics of 12 specimens were examined, and bacterial isolates were enumerated. Pus supernatant of six specimens rapidly inactivated penicillin, cephalothin, and cefazolin. Carbenicillin and ticarcillin were similarly degraded by supernatant of certain pus specimens. Cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin were not appreciably inactivated by pus supernatant. Degradation of penicillin and cephalosporin congeners in pus was due to the presence of beta-lactamase, as shown by chemical interaction with nitrocefin, chromatography, and inhibition by the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. Pus supernatant containing beta-lactamase activity reduced the bactericidal activity of carbenicillin against Bacteroides fragilis in whole pus in an abscess model in vitro. Bactericidal activity of clindamycin or cefoxitin was not impaired in pus containing beta-lactamase. PMID- 6969282 TI - Vestibular involvement in acoustic trauma. (An electronystagmographic study). PMID- 6969283 TI - Romberg and his test. AB - In the eponymous test described by Romberg in 1846, the erect patient is asked to close his eyes. If he falls, the test is positive and indicates the presence of a dorsal column lesion. Slight modifications have been described in the test but in all cases, great care must be taken to do it carefully. The test compares the stability of eye-opening with that of eye-closure. A positive test does not indicate vestibular or cerebellar disease. PMID- 6969285 TI - Somitogenesis in amphibian embryos. III. Effects of ambient temperature and of developmental stage upon pattern abnormalities that follow short temperature shocks. AB - Temperature shocks of a few minutes duration at 37 degrees C to tail-bud embryos of Rana induce zones of abnormal segmentation along the somite files subsequently produced. The immediate result of a temperature shock is a temporary arrest of development as a whole, following which the schedule of somite determination and formation is resumed at the normal rate. It is during the period immediately following this that the zone of abnormal somite pattern is determined. Thus the length of the abnormal zone reflects the total time taken by the morphogenetic system to recover from the disturbance, and might depend upon variables affecting both the duration of the initial arrest and the duration of the recovery period itself. Observations are presented demonstrating how the length of abnormal zones, caused by a temperature shock of any particular severity, are affected by three variables; (1) the ambient temperature to which the embryos were adapted before shock, (2) the ambient temperature of post-shock development, (3) the stage in somitogenesis, i.e. the number of somites already formed at the time of shock. The data (in this and previous papers of the series) support models postulating that the spatial periodicity in cell behaviour, that is somite morphogenesis, reflects a normal interaction between two hidden aspects of development, one a wavefront of cellular activation passing down the body axis, and the other having the character of a temporal periodicity throughout the tissue. Temperature shock, as well as halting the wavefront (i.e. stopping development) temporarily, leads to a subsequent period during which there is only gradual recovery of normal co-ordination between the periodicity within cells of the tissue and the wavefront progress. It is the relative rate of this recovery, alone, that is responsible for variation in the length of the abnormal zone. PMID- 6969284 TI - Methylmercury: effects on B-lymphocyte receptors and phagocytosis of macrophages. AB - Mice were exposed to 0, 1,5 and 10 ppm methylmercury for 10 weeks. After exposure, splenic lymphocytes were collected and examined for the ability of their antibody (Fc) and complement receptors to rosette sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the presence of anti-SRBC antibody. Peritoneal exudate cells were also collected and examined for Fc rosetting and phagocytic properties. The largest dosage of methylmercury activated the complement receptor of B lymphocytes to rosette SRBC. The lower dosages did not affect this property of B cells nor did methylmercury alter the Fc receptors on B lymphocytes and macrophages or phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6969286 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor on secondary palatal epithelium in vitro: tissue isolation and recombination studies. AB - Previous studies have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF), a peptide of M.W. 6045, can specifically inhibit in organ culture the cessation of DNA synthesis and programmed cell death that normally occur in the presumptive fusion zone (PFZ) of the secondary palatal epithelium. The aim of this study was to determine if EGF acts directly on the epithelium to exert its effect and if there is a requirement for the underlying mesenchyme. Palatal processes from 13- and 14-day Swiss Webster embryonic mice were enzymatically separated into epithelium and mesenchyme which were then cultured alone or in transfilter recombination for up to 72 h. Tissues were examined by transmission- and scanning-electron microscopy and DNA synthesis was monitored autoradiographically using [3H]thymidine incorporation: In isolated epithelium cultured in control medium, cell death occurred in the PFZ and DNA synthesis did not occur in the oral and nasal epithelial regions. EGF (20-50 ng/ml) did not prevent cell death in the PFZ and failed to stimulate DNA synthesis in the isolated epithelium; EGF, however, did have an effect on epithelial cell morphology. In the presence of mesenchyme and EGF, there was extensive proliferation in the entire epithelium and cell death within the PFZ was not evident. The results indicate that the stimulation of DNA synthesis in the palatal epithelium by EGF requires the presence of the underlying mesenchyme and that EGF alone is not sufficient to inhibit programmed cell death within the PFZ of the isolated palatal epithelium. PMID- 6969287 TI - The oral pancreatic function test with N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid: acute toxicity and effects of renal function on this test. AB - The oral pancreatic function test with N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid was performed on 24 healthy test subjects, and its toxicity was examined. Eight patients with restricted renal function and known renal disease were also investigated. The pancreatic function test and the same procedure using free p amino-benzoic acid were performed at 2-3-day intervals. During all the investigations with the pancreatic function test, no clinical side effects were observed. All parameters investigated at all the test times fell within the normal range. No toxicity of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-amino-benzoic acid could be found. The excretion of p-aminobenzoic acid after administration of N-benzoyl-L tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid ws greatly reduced in all patients with restricted renal function. Four of eight patients also showed essentially no increase in excretion rate when free p-aminobenzoic acid was given instead of the peptide. It is therefore not possible to correct the pancreatic function test results in patients with renal insufficiency by calculating the ratio of p-aminobenzoic acid excretion after peptide intake to that after free p-aminobenzoic acid ingestion. Adequate renal function is therefore a prerequisite for the pancreatic function test. PMID- 6969288 TI - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery-definitive treatment by ostial occlusion through pulmonary arteriotomy and aorto-left coronary saphenous vein bypass. PMID- 6969289 TI - Intracellular voltage of isolated epithelia of frog skin: apical and basolateral cell punctures. AB - Isolated epithelia of frog skin were prepared with collagenase, and the cells were punctured with intracellular microelectrodes across their apical (outer) and basolateral (inner) surfaces. Regardless of the route of cell puncture, the intracellular voltage (Vosc) in short-circuited isolated epithelia was markedly negative, averaging -70.4 mV for apical punctures and -91.6 mV for basolateral punctures. As in intact epithelia, amiloride outside caused the Vosc to become more negative (means of -96.7 and -101.8 mV), with a concomitant increase in the resistance of the apical barrier. Increasing the [K)i of the basolateral solution from 2.4 to 8.0 or 14.4 mM caused rapid step depolarization (5-10 s) of the Vosc under transepithelial Na transporting and amiloride-inhibited conditions of Na transport, with the delta Vosc ranging between 23.9 and 68.3 mV per decade change of [K]i. The finding that the Vosc of isolated epithelia of frog skin is independent of the route of cell penetration is consistent with the notion that the cells of the stratified epithelium are electrically coupled (functional syncitium). Moreover, the isolated epithelium can serve as a useful preparation, especially in studies designed to investigate the properties of the basolateral surfaces of cells. PMID- 6969290 TI - Chemical energetics of force development, force maintenance, and relaxation in mammalian smooth muscle. AB - High-energy phosphate utilization (delta approximately P) associated with force development, force maintenance, and relaxation has been determined during single isometric tetani in the rabbit taenia coli. ATP resynthesis from glycolysis and respiration was stopped without deleterious effects on the muscle. At 18 degrees C and a muscle length of 95% l0, the resting rate of energy utilization is 1.8 +/ 0.2 nmol/g . s-1, or 0.85 +/- 0.2 mmol approximately P/mol of total creatine (Ct) . s-1, where Ct = 2.7 mumol/g wet wt. During the initial 25 s of stimulation when force is developed, the average rate of delta approximately P was -8.2 +/- 0.8 mmol/mol Ct . s-1, some four times greater than during the subsequent 35 s of force maintenance, when the rate was -2.0 +/- 0.6 mmol approximately P/mol Ct . s 1. The energy cost of force redevelopment (0 to 95% P0) after a quick release from the peak of a tetanus is very low compared with the initial force development. Therefore, the high rate of energy utilization during force development is not due only to internal work done against the series elasticity nor to any high rate of cross-bridge cycling inherently associated with force development. The high economy of force maintenance compared with other muscle types is undoubtedly due to a slower cross-bridge cycle time. The energy utilization during 45 s of relaxation was not statistically significant, and integral of Pdt/delta approximately P was higher during relaxation than during force maintenance in the stimulated muscle. PMID- 6969291 TI - The replication of type A influenza viruses in the infant rat: a marker for virus attenuation. AB - Twenty recombinant influenza virus strains bearing HSw1N1, H1N1 or H3N2 surface antigens, together with their respective wild-type or laboratory-propagated parent viruses, were inoculated into 2 day-old infant rats and their replication in the turbinates and lungs of these animals observed over a period of 5 days. In addition, the ability of each of the recombinant and parent viruses to enhance a subsequent infection of these infant rats by Haemophilus influenzae type b was determined. The results showed that both parent and recombinant viruses replicated less well in the lungs than in the turbinates of infant rats, but the titres in both tissues were generally lower for the recombinant strains. The capacity of the majority of the recombinant influenza viruses to promote bacterial infection of the infant rats, as determined by the incidence of H. influenzae bacteraemia and meningitis, was also markedly less than that of their parent viruses. A correlation between virulence for man and both the replication in infant rat turbinates and the ability to enhance H. influenzae infection, was established for the virus strains studied. The data are discussed in relationship to the value of the infant r-H influenzae system as a laboratory marker for the determination of the virulence of influenza virus strains. PMID- 6969292 TI - A spectroscopic study of metal ion and ligand binding to beta-lactamase II. AB - beta-Lactamase II has two metal-binding sites. The electronic spectra of Cd(II)- and Co(II)-substituted beta-lactamase II have been investigated. It is suggested that a thiol ligand is involved in metal binding at the first site. The stoichiometric dissociation constants for Co(II) binding to beta-lactamase II were estimated to be 0.13 and 2.66 mM (pH 6.0, 4 degrees C, 1 M NaCl) by equilibrium dialysis. Competition between Zn(II) and Co(II) for the first metal binding site suggests a value of 0.7 microM (pH 6.0, 30 degrees C, 1 M NaCl) for the dissociation constant of Zn(II). The electronic spectra of the Co(II) enzyme lead to the suggestion that the coordination geometries around the metal ions in the first and second sites are related to those of a distorted tetrahedron and octahedron, respectively. PMID- 6969293 TI - Dipeptide antagonists of amino acid-induced and synaptic excitation in the frog spinal cord. AB - The dipeptide gamma-D-glutamylglycine (gamma DGG) antagonizes amino acid-induced depolarization and synaptic excitation in the isolated hemisected spinal cord of the frog. In general, the effects of this compound resembled those of the structurally similar D-alpha-aminosuberate (D alpha AS) in being more effective against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced responses than against responses induced by other excitatory amino acids. However gamma DGG appeared to be more effective than D alpha AS in depressing kainate-induced responses. Similar, though weaker, effects were produced by the L isomer of the dipeptide (gamma LGG), a natural brain constituent. PMID- 6969294 TI - Clinical and immunological associations in myasthenia gravis. 1: Autoantibodies. AB - Associations between female sex, HLA B8, positive anti-thyroid microsomal antibody and, to a lesser extent, antinuclear antibody were seen in 34 patients with myasthenia gravis. This supports the concept that the disease is heterogeneous. Anti-DNA antibodies, which were present in 62% of the patients, did not show such associations. PMID- 6969295 TI - Clinical and immunological associations in myasthenia gravis. 2. Cell-mediated immunity. AB - Myasthenic patients showed low absolute T cell counts and low spontaneous and phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation responses. The abnormalities were particularly associated with late onset disease and female sex, but not with HLA phenotype or autoantibody production. Serum factors inhibitory to lymphocyte transformation occurred in some patients. PMID- 6969296 TI - Sprouting and regression of the nerve at the frog neuromuscular junction in normal conditions and after prolonged paralysis with curare. AB - A light microscopical, histochemical and electron microscopical investigation of the frog neuromuscular junction has been performed on muscles from animals in different functional states of activity. The combined staining of axon terminals and cholinesterase (ChE) allows a precise description of the nerve terminal arborization and its synaptic contacts. Most terminal arborizations form long continuous contacts with the muscle cell. Distinquishable from these are nerve branches (usually of small diameter)d or distal endings of branches with one or several small and isolated contacts. It is assumed that these are sprouts with newly-formed synaptic sites. Other sprouts end without apparent synaptic contact. At the uttrastructural levet, nerve sprouts end without apparent synaptic contact. At the uttrastructural levet, nerve sprouts growing into empty, well differentiated synaptic gutters or inducing the formation of new synaptic sites were observed. In other sites, ChE is apparently located at postsynaptic gutters with no nerve present. Similarly, in the electron microscope, well-differentiated synaptic gutters lacking any nerve or Schwann cell elements were observed. In addition, synaptic gutters only partially occupied by the nerve were frequently seen. These features have been interpreted as signs of regression of the nerve terminals. Nerve regression and sprouting were found in animals chronically paralysed with curare over several weeks as well as in untreated frogs (winter and summer frogs, laboratory frogs, fed and unfed). When quantitatively evaluating the occurence of presumed features of nerve sprouting and nerve regression, differences were found between different experimental groups. From this it is concluded that, in addition to developmental changes, the degree of nerve sprouting and regression is controlled by external factors such as muscle activity and seasonal variations. Signs of sprouting and nerve regression can be simultaneously present in a single synapse. It appears that the frog neuromuscular synapse is not a static structure, but is in a state of permenent remodelling. PMID- 6969297 TI - Synaptogenesis in the vestibular sensory epithelium of the chick embryo. AB - The formation of synapses between sensory cells and the terminals of afferent axons has been examined in the embryonic chick labyrinth. Neurites initially cross the otocyst basal lamina and ramify among the undifferentiated epithelial cells by stage 25 Hamburger and Hamilton. At the same time granular vesicles, with diameters averaging 130nm, appear in the basal cytoplasm of a few of the epithelial cells. These vesicles often exist in groups at sites contact with; neurites. By stages 27-28, non membrane-bound densities are frequently found in association with groups of granular vesicles at the plasma membrane. Smaller, clear synaptic vesicles are also a prominent component of these arrangements in presumptive hair cells. Presynaptic ribbons opposite postsynaptic densites are identifiable at about stage 28, and their number increases during subsequent embryonic stages. Specialized appositions, including adherent, postsynaptic and possibly gap junctional contacts, join epithelial cells and nerve terminals throughout this period. The distribution of these junctions is variable, and is not necessarily correlated with the sites of formation of presynaptic ribbons. By stage 32, well-developed chemical synapses consisting of presynaptic ribbons witah vesicle halos and postsynaptic densities are common features of hair cell afferent nerve terminal contact regions. In addition, possible sites of gap junctional contact between adjacent intra-epithelial nerve endings found at stage 32 presage those found in the cristae and maculae of pre-hatch (stage 45) embryos and adults. PMID- 6969298 TI - Sensory convergence on central visual neurons in Hermissenda. PMID- 6969299 TI - Complications associated with use of megadose corticosteroids in head-injured adults. PMID- 6969300 TI - Tomographic assessment of cerebral perfusion using a single-photon emitter (krypton-81m) and a rotating gamma camera. AB - Continuous carotid infusion of short-lived krypton-81m (t1/2 13 sec) yields an assessment of regional cerebral perfusion. This assessment can be obtained in three dimensions if activity is recorded with a rotating gamma camera and a computer to reconstruct krypton-81m distribution in tomographic sections. These showed several advantages over conventional views: (a) visualization of blood flow distribution within brain structures (gray and white matter, basal ganglia); (b) more accurate location and evaluation of areas of relatively reduced or increased perfusion; (c) better definition of patterns of collateral circulation; (d) greater sensitivity and specificity in detecting and defining blood-flow changes during physiological activation studies. A limitation of the krypton-81m technique is its invasiveness. However, this study shows that the combination of new advances in radiochemistry with single-photon emission computed tomography may result in accessible methods for assessing, noninvasively and in three dimensions, the behavior of cerebral function in man. PMID- 6969301 TI - Single-photon emission computed tomography to study cerebral function in man. PMID- 6969302 TI - Parents' knowledge and sources of knowledge about antipyretic drugs. PMID- 6969303 TI - Effects of vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae on adrenoceptor function of tracheal and parenchymal strips. AB - Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium that can be isolated from the deeper airways of asthmatic patients. We investigated the effect of vaccination with H. influenzae on alpha and beta adrenoceptor function in guinea-pig tracheal spirals and lung parenchymal strips. The tracheal spirals from H. influenzae-vaccinated animals showed significantly less relaxation to isoproterenol as compared to controls, independent of whether the trachea was maximally contracted with carbachol or only exhibited an intrinsic tone. Furthermore, an increased contractile response to carbachol was observed in these spirals. To isoproterenol in the presence of a beta-2 adrenergic antagonist (H35/25), or to salbutamol alone, the tracheal preparations from H. influenzae-vaccinated animals also showed a decreased relaxation. These results suggest involvement of both beta-1 and beta-2 subtype adrenoceptors. On the other hand, lung parenchymal strips from vaccinated guinea-pigs relaxed significntly more to these drugs. This effect was not influenced by H35/25 but could be inhibited by phenoxybenzamine. Histamine induced contraction did not differ between the groups. These results indicated that H. influenzae causes a partial blockade of the beta adrenoceptors in tracheal spirals and, therefore, may have important implications in asthmatic bronchitis. In contrast, parenchymal lung strips of the H. influenzae-pretreated group showed an increased relaxation. PMID- 6969304 TI - Coupling of aerobic metabolism to active ion transport in the kidney. AB - 1. The redox state of mitochondrial NAD was monitored fluorometrically as a function of active ion transport work in the isolated doubly perfused bullfrog kidney. 2. Initial experiments to measure the O2 consumption (QO2) of small pieces from the bullfrog kidney gave a basal QO2 - 3.0 (+/- 0.43) nmoles O2/mg dry wt. min. Addition of 50 microM-ouabain inhibited QO2 by 72.7%. Subsequent addition of the mitochondrial uncoupler 1799 stimulated QO2 by 226%, while cyanide totally inhibited respiration. 3. Ion transport functional parameters and NADH fluorescence were simultaneously monitored during systematic reductions in perfusate PO2 to test the sufficiency of O2 delivery to the isolated perfused frog kidney. No significant changes in transport functions or fluorescence were observed until the PO2 dropped to 184 mm Hg or below. O2 tensions of 184 mm Hg or below caused decreases in G.F.R. and transport functions which were accompanied by an increase in NADH fluorescence. The lack of changes in kidney function in the PO2 range 550-340 mmHg suggested that the tissue is adequately oxygenated at the normal perfusate PO2 of 550 mmHg. 4. The relationship between active transport rate and NAD redox levels was studied by increasing transport work (via increased G.F.R. or ADH) or by decreasing transport work (via decreased G.F.R. or ouabain) while simultaneously monitoring the NAD redox state of the intact tissue fluorometrically. In all cases, an increase in work caused a net oxidation of NAD while a decrease in work caused a reduction of NAD. 5. It is concluded that the NADH fluorescence responses are indicative of mitochondrial active to passive transitions in response to changes in active transport work. The aerobic production of ATP and the normally functioning Na-K-ATPase appear to be essential to maintain active transport and to elicit the appropriate state transitions. Thus, ATP (and, possibly, ADP and Pi) may be part of the coupling mechanism linking active ion transport and aerobic metabolic rate in the kidney. PMID- 6969305 TI - Sarcomere length-tension relations of frog skinned muscle fibres at lengths above the optimum. AB - 1. Single twitch fibres were dissected from anterior tibial muscles of the frog, Rana pipiens, and were then either chemically or mechanically skinned. Short segments of the skinned fibres were transferred to an experimental chamber and mounted between a force transducer and a stationary wire. 2. The average sarcomere length was determined from light photomicrographs of the segments obtained during activation and while relaxed. Activations were maximal, in solutions of pCa 5.49 and at 5 degrees C. Fibre segments having regions in which the striation pattern was highly non-uniform were rejected. 3. The relationship between tension and average sarcomere length was determined for sarcomere lengths between 2.1 and 3.8 micrometer. Tension always decreased when sarcomere length was increased above about 2.2 micrometer. Tension plotted against over-all average sarcomere length lay above data obtained from living fibres by Gordon, Huxley & Julian (1966a, b). 4. Good agreement with living fibre results was found when tension was plotted against the shortest average sarcomere length within a portion of the segment. 5. These findings indicate that sarcomere length non uniformities greatly influence the shape of the sarcomere length-tension relation in skinned fibres at long lengths. In addition, no evidence was found for a length-dependent influence of calcium on tension development at long lengths during maximal activation. PMID- 6969306 TI - The interaction of sodium and calcium ions at the cell membrane and the control of contractile strength in frog atrial muscle. AB - 1. The relationship between [Na]o and the contracture tension, developed by isolated frog trabeculae, has been investigated in the presence of different levels of bathing K and Ca ions and after experimental manoeuvres likely to increase [Na]i. 2. Raising [K[o, [Ca]o or [Na]i all increase the strength of the contractures induced by lowering the bathing [Na] except when the [Na]o is close to zero, suggesting that the Ca-Na exchange depends on membrane potential or [K]o. 3. The experimental data have been compared to the predictions of three relatively simple models of Ca-Na exchange in the membrane, where [Ca]i depends on the [K]o either directly or by way of its effect on the membrane potential and tension varies according to a second order relationship with [Ca]i. 4. The only scheme to fit all the experimental data satisfactorily is one which assumes an exchange of one Ca ion for three Na ions across the membrane. This scheme requires that the contractile system has an apparent binding constant for Ca2+, similar to that found with skinned cardiac muscle cells or isolated cardiac myofibrils. In intact muscle, when the [Na]i is close to that measured experimentally, the model predicts that tension should vary with the [Ca]o2, 1/[Na]o4, and the [Ca]/[Na]o2 ratio. PMID- 6969307 TI - The decay of end-plate currents in neostigmine-treated frog muscle blocked by acetylcholine or tubocurarine. AB - 1. The decay times of e.p.c.s. (with acetylcholinesterase inhibited by neostigmine) were measured with a view to inferring the extent of acetylcholine (ACh) binding. 2. E.p.c.s from muscles blocked by ACh decayed at less than half the rate of e.p.c.s. from muscles blocked by tubocurarine, and slightly more slowly than m.e.p.c.s. from unblocked muscles. 3. ACh prolonged e.p.c.s and reduced their amplitudes when added to muscles blocked by tubocurarine. 4. After treatment with alpha-bungarotoxin, some e.p.c.s. from muscles blocked by ACh were prolonged relative to e.p.c.s from muscles blocked by tubocurarine. 5. These phenomena are interpreted as indicating that either (a) desensitized receptors bind ACh and prolong e.p.c.s by buffered diffusion or (b) in highly desensitized muscles there is a population of active receptors which bind ACh for many milliseconds. PMID- 6969309 TI - [Topographical analysis of the activity of the frog olfactory epithelium (author's transl)]. AB - The analysis of amplitude variations of local E.O.G. collected from 121 points of the olfactory epithelium of the frog, in response to 20 olfactory stimuli, shows: 1. There is a strong correlation between the amplitude of the local E.O.G., and the density of the olfactory receptors in the corresponding recording area. 2. A population of about 400 to 700 receptors contains all kinds of olfactory sensibility, but with variable proportions according to the recording point. 3. At the level of the sampled receptors, spreading over about one sixth of the olfactory surface, an anterio-posterior differentiation appears. 4. The topographical distribution of the local E.O.G. elicited by the 20 stimuli was significantly different from one animal to the other. PMID- 6969308 TI - Effect of glycerol treatment on the calcium current of frog skeletal muscle. AB - 1. Current and voltage clamp experiments were carried out on frog skeletal muscle fibres. For voltage clamp, the three micro-electrode technique near the fibre end was used. 2. Calcium spikes and currents were recorded in TEA sulphate saline. The addition of 400 mM-glycerol did not appreciably modify them. 3. Muscle fibers were detubulated with the glycerol method. They showed sodium propagating action potentials, with sodium and potassium currents of expected amplitudes. 4. Calcium spikes and currents were reduced or abolished in detubulated muscle fibres. 5. An analysis of fibre capacitance showed a linear correlation between the remaining ICa and the degree of electric discontinuity between the transverse tubular system and the surface membrane. 6. These results indicate that ICa is mainly located in the transverse tubular system. This localization is compatible with some role during mechanical activation. PMID- 6969310 TI - The hypodynamic state of the frog heart. Further evidence for a phosphocreatine creatine pathway. AB - The hypodynamic state of frog heart has been investigated from the energetic point of view. The amplitude of tension was enhanced when the oxidative metabolism was stimulated by oxygen and pyruvate. However, a time-dependent tension decrease still occurred with both oxygen and pyruvate. Hypodynamia, although slowed down under these conditions, was accompanied by a decrease in CP rather than in ATP. It is shown that the decrease in CP was due to a leak of creatine out of the cell, consequent to the non-equilibration of the oncotic pressure in the perfusion fluid. Creatine (20 mM) or any plasma expander, prevented the fall in both CP and tension. These results are in agreement with the proposal that the CP/CK/Cr system is the major metabolic intermediate between production and use of energy for contraction and that, besides Ca ions, it participates in the regulation of tension. It is suggested that hypodynamia mostly originates in a decreased Ca utilization due to shortage of energy. PMID- 6969311 TI - Alteration of the electrical properties of myelinated nerve fibres exposed to a lipoprotein extracted from the serum of burnt patients. AB - The effects on the nodal membrane of a neurotoxic lipoprotein isolated from the serum of heavily burnt patients were analysed under current clamp and voltage clamp conditions. 1. After exposure of the node to the toxin, the only major modifications of the action potential are a slight increase in its duration, a slight decrease in its amplitude, and the appearance of a small after depolarization. 2. A voltage clamp study revealed that the sodium and potassium conductances are markedly reduced, and that the rate of rise of the potassium current is slowed down by the toxin. While the activation of the sodium conductance is not modified, the inactivation is affected by the toxin: the steady-state inactivation-voltage curve is shifted toward negative potentials, and its slope is decreased; the inactivation time constant is decreased. All these effects are irreversible. 3. These modifications of the electrical properties of the nerve fibre membrane seem inadequate to explain the neurotoxicity of the lipoprotein from the serum of burnt humans. PMID- 6969312 TI - Functional differences between resident and exudate peritoneal mouse macrophages: specific serum protein requirements for responsiveness to chemotaxins. PMID- 6969313 TI - Imbalance in T gamma and T mu lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with sarcoidosis. AB - The percentage and the absolute numbers of T lymphocytes Fc receptors for IgG and IgM (T gamma and T mu lymphocytes, respectively) were evaluated in fourteen patients with active sarcoidosis and in a group of controls. A marked increase in the percentage of T gamma cells and a net decrease of T mu cells were found. Although sarcoidosis patients present a T lymphopenia, the absolute number of T gamma lymphocytes was still increased whereas the T mu decrease was even more pronounced. The possible causes of this imbalance in view of the recent interpretations of T suppressor and T helper lymphocytes are discussed. PMID- 6969314 TI - Mechanism of stimulation by epinephrine of active transepithelial Cl transport in isolated frog cornea. PMID- 6969315 TI - Oscillation of the electric potential of frog skin under the effect of Li+: experimental approach. AB - When a frog skin is used to separate two compartments, and lithium is added to the external medium, transmembrane electric potential oscillations frequently occur. When no external current is imposed, sustained oscillations, with a period of about 10 min, are maintained for several hours. An oscillation of the Na+ influx accompanies the electric oscillation, though the two oscillations are out of phase to a greater or less extent. Theophyllin promotes a significant decrease in the mean electric potential of the skin, but it does not affect very much the characteristics of the oscillation. Important factors influencing the oscillation are temperature, permeability of the external membrane to lithium, and potassium concentration in the internal medium. No correlation can be detected between oscillation characteristics and skin area. This suggests that the oscillation is of a local nature, possibly originating at the cellular level. Occurrence of macroscopic oscillations implies coupling between local oscillators. Coupling between two epithelia has been studied under diverse conditions. The coupling is of an electrical nature: by varying the value of the coupling resistance, it is possible to control synchronization of the oscillations. PMID- 6969316 TI - Kinetics of ionic transport across frog skin: two concentration-dependent processes. AB - Sodium and chloride influxes across the nonshort-circuited isolated skin of Rana esculenta were measured at widely varying external ionic concentrations. The curve describing sodium transport has two Michaelis-Menten components linked at an inflection point occurring at an external sodium concentration of about 7 meq. Chloride transport can also be represented by two saturating components. A possible explanation of these kinetics is discussed. At sodium concentrations lower than 4 meq it is possible to define a component of the sodium transport mechanism as having a high affinity for sodium and which is independent of the nature of the external anion. A high affinity for chloride of the chloride transport system functioning at low external concentrations is also found but is significantly different from that of sodium. These systems show the physiological characteristics of the countertransports (Na est(+)/H int(+); Cl ext(-)/HCO 3int( )) functioning at low external concentrations. At external concentrations higher than 4 meq a low affinity transporting system in which chloride and sodium are linked superimpose on the high affinity compoents. The physiological significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 6969318 TI - Angiodysplasia of the colon. PMID- 6969319 TI - Three-dimensional structure of the vertebrate muscle A-band. II. The myosin filament superlattice. PMID- 6969317 TI - Effects of chemical group specific reagents on sodium entry and the amiloride binding site in frog skin: evidence for separate sites. PMID- 6969320 TI - Surface ultrastructure of the cornea and adjacent epidermis during metamorphosis of Rana pipiens: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The external surface of the cornea and adjacent epidermis of larvae in representative developmental stages and of adult frogs, Rana pipiens, was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Surface cells are polygonal, usually hexagonal, in outline and covered with microprojections. During larval development prior to metamorphic stages, neither eyelids nor Harderian glands have developed; microprojections on the corneal surface are high and branched, and cell boundaries are elevated. On the anterior portion of the cornea and on the epidermis near the eye, the surface pattern is less dense, and ciliated cells are present. During metamorphic stages, corneal cell boundaries become less prominent and the pattern of microprojections more variable and markedly different from that of larvae of earlier stages. Corneal cells have a spongy appearance, are covered by a coating material, or are characterized as light or dark based on their brightness and surface texture. As eyelids develop in metamorphic stages XX XXI, the numbers of ciliated cells increase dramatically, both on the corneal surface and on the edges of the developing lids. In later metamorphic stages XXII XXV, lids and Harderian glands become well-developed, and cilia are no longer observed. The adjacent epidermal surface becomes devoid of cilia but perforated by openings of cutaneous glands. Its spongy appearance is similar to that of both the cornea and neighboring epidermis of the mature frog. Changes in corneal surface features are probably metamorphic events associated with development of lids and Harderian glands and a shift from an aqueous to an air environment. PMID- 6969321 TI - Effects of dantrolene sodium on the excitation-contraction coupling of the mammalian and amphibian cardiac muscle. PMID- 6969322 TI - Surface markers of lymphocytes infiltrating seminoma tissue. AB - Infiltrating lymphocytes were separated from human seminoma tissue obtained surgically. The relative distributions of B and T lymphocytes, and a subset of T lymphocytes with IgG-Fc receptors were measured by the rosette-forming method in peripheral blood and in seminoma tissue from 7 patients with pure seminoma of the testis. The proportions of T and TG cells were increased in seminoma tissue compared to those of peripheral blood from the same patients, whereas the proportion of B cells did not change. This result might correlate with the favorable prognosis of seminoma usually accompanied with lymphocytic infiltration. PMID- 6969323 TI - Panel discussion on medical and surgical treatment of coronary heart disease, March 31, 1978, Tokyo. PMID- 6969325 TI - [A case of pleomorphic adult T gamma-cell leukemia with leukemic cells transformed into multinucleated giant cells in the pleural effusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969324 TI - [Two cases of T-cell type tumor--T-cell type malignant lymphoma with tumor in the stomach and adult T cell leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969326 TI - [Modulation of host immune response in the treatment of chronic active hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969327 TI - [Cerebral positron CT with 13N-ammonia and 11C-carbon monoxide (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969328 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow image by the method of single photon emission computed tomography: continuous intracarotid injection of krypton-81m (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969329 TI - [General and local microcirculatory disorders during acute hemorrhagic intestinal infarct and after restoration of the blood flow in the superior mesenteric vein]. PMID- 6969330 TI - [Investigation of mesopic vision and sensitivity to glare by means of the new "nyktometer" (author's transl)]. AB - In addition to photopic visual acuity both mesopic vision and sensitivity to glare play an important role in road traffic safety. It is known since the comprehensive investigations by Harms and Aulhorn that mesopic vision and sensitivity to glare are subjected to interindividually different changes with increasing age. 350 persons divided into three age groups were tested with a recently developed "Nyktometer" in order to gain some information about the influence of age on mesopic vision and sensitivity to glare. The results clearly show that both mesopic vision and visual performance in the presence of glare are strongly reduced with increasing age. PMID- 6969331 TI - [Changes in the bodily reactivity of animals as a result of prolonged rotation]. PMID- 6969332 TI - [Device for studying the righting reflex of small laboratory animals]. PMID- 6969333 TI - Macrophage activation and mobilization in nude mice by Corynebacterium parvum and pyran: a functional and histologic study. AB - Peritoneal macrophages from both congenitally athymic ("nude") mice and heterozygous littermates were activated by pyran copolymer or by Corynebacterium parvum vaccine. C parvum did not produce an increase in the number of peritoneal macrophages in nude mice, although it did produce a typical splenomegaly. Pyran produced an even greater influx of macrophages in the peritoneum of nude mice, when compared to normal mice, but did not produce splenomegaly in nude mice. Pyran- and C parvum-induced splenomegaly were accompanied by an increase in the apparent T-cell population of germinal centers. These experiments indicate that: 1) Macrophage activation, per se, by either C parvum, is a thymus-independent event; 2) Macrophage mobilization, as determined by organomegaly or PEC number, does not have an obligatory requirement for T-cells (depending on the agent used); 3) Macrophage activation may not always correlate with mobilization; and 4) Mechanisms for attracting and sequestering macrophages in the peritoneum may be different from those of the spleen. PMID- 6969334 TI - Metachronous primary carcinoma of small bowel following resected colorectal carcinoma: a report of three cases. AB - Three cases of metachronous adenocarcinoma of the large and small bowel are reported. The small-bowel lesions were not even suspected preoperatively and were diagnosed after extensive pathologic study. Though rare, metachronous primary carcinoma of the small bowels must be considered in a patient with intestinal obstruction or hemorrhage following colorectal cancer surgery. Pre-operative diagnosis, which demands a high index of suspicion and careful technical evaluation, is crucial in determining the overall surgical management of the patient. PMID- 6969335 TI - Restoration of impaired immune functions in aging animals. IV. Action of 2 mercaptoethanol in enhancing age-reduced immune responsiveness. AB - The enhancing effect of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) on the immune responses of young and old unseparated spleen cells and purified populations of T-cells, B-cells and macrophages was studied. While 2-ME enhances both the normal responses of young cells and the age-reduced responses of old cells, the sulfhydryl compound has a relatively greater enhancing effect on old spleen cells in the humoral response to sheep red blood cells and the blastogenic response to concanavalin A (Con A). The greater enhancing effect in the humoral response appears to be due to 2-ME overcoming a suppressive effect of old T-cells which develops with increasing age. The greater enhancing effect in Con A stimulation appears to be an effect on the Con A responsive sub-population of T-cells and not on the synergistic effect of the presence of B-cells. PMID- 6969336 TI - Familial ocular anomalies in juvenile nephronophthisis. PMID- 6969337 TI - Combined deficiency of xanthine oxidase and sulfite oxidase; ophthalmological findings in a 3-week-old girl. PMID- 6969338 TI - Neurotransmitters and receptor binding in amygdaloid kindled rats: serotonergic and noradrenergic modulatory effects. PMID- 6969340 TI - [Parameter changes in the light scattering of the peripheral blood thymocytes and lymphocytes after irradiation]. PMID- 6969341 TI - How the immune system works. PMID- 6969339 TI - In vitro effect of phencyclidine and other psychomotor stimulants on serotonin uptake in human platelets. PMID- 6969342 TI - [Radioisotope diagnostic unit]. AB - A diagnostic radionuclide complex is described, developed and introduced into practice in the clinical hospital, servicing 300 thousand patients. Optimal set of methods, nomenclature of instruments, system for information collection and processing as well as the tactics of application of these instruments have been developed. PMID- 6969343 TI - [Coincidence of Candida albicans septicemia with bilateral metastatic endophthalmitis and staphylococcal septicemia during therapy with antibiotics and corticoids. A case contribution to antimycotic therapy with miconazole and 5 fluorocytosine]. PMID- 6969344 TI - [Rheumatic pain]. PMID- 6969345 TI - Cogan syndrome: studies in thirteen patients, long-term follow-up, and a review of the literature. AB - Typical Cogan syndrome (CS) is a disease of young adults consisting of flares of interstitial keratitis (IK) and sudden onset of Meniere-like attacks. The prognosis of typical CS is excellent with life-threatening aortic insufficiency (AI) developing in only 10% of reported cases. Serious systemic necrotizing vasculitis (SNV) rarely, if ever, complicates typical CS. Atypical S (vestibuloauditory dysfunction with types of inflammatory eye disease other than IK) frequently overlaps other defined rheumatologic syndromes, is associated with vasculitis in 21% of cases, and carries a less favorable prognosis than typical CS. Topical ocular corticosteroids can usually control IK, and a short trial of systemic corticosteroids is warranted as soon as possible after the onset of hearing loss. SNV should be treated initially with prednisone and may also require the administration of cytotoxic agents, while aortitis and AI can be controlled with the administration of prednisone and surgical replacement of the aortic valve. PMID- 6969346 TI - The rheumatic manifestations of leprosy (Hansen disease). AB - Leprosy is a rare disorder in the United States, yet the rheumatic features of the disease appear to be common and frequently are the primary complaint. We observed rheumatic syndromes of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) occurring with and without arthritis, a swollen hands syndrome, cutaneous vasculitis, or myositis in the majority (15 of 21) of our patients. These syndromes were distinctive, sometimes dramatic, and appeared to "mimic" idiopathic rheumatic diseases, substantially delaying an accurate diagnosis of leprosy in some patients. These complications were the major cause of morbidity in our 21 patients and became dominant clinical problems requiring additional chemotherapy. PMID- 6969347 TI - Quality of survival in histiocytosis X: a Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - Sixty children survived for five years after the diagnosis of histiocytosis X. Serious disabilities were seen in 50% of children whose disease involved soft tissue and bone. Late deaths from pulmonary failure were associated with opportunistic infections in two cases. Future treatment approaches must weigh the risks of therapy-related complications against the probability of significant disability if the disease continues for many years. PMID- 6969348 TI - Prophylactic co-trimoxazole and lactobacilli preparation in neutropenic patients. AB - A randomized study of intestinal decontamination was undertaken in 68 children with leukemia and solid tumours. Framycetin, colymycin, nystatin, and metronidazole were given in 35 neutropenic episodes in 33 children, while co trimoxazole and lactobacilli preparation were administered in 35 episodes in 35 children. The diseases, severity of neutropenia, and incidence of infection at entry into study were comparable in the two groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of infections developing during the phase of neutropenia. The median and range of time required to recover from neutropenia were also not different. Co-trimoxazole and lactobacilli were significantly better tolerated, there being no nausea and vomiting, no refusal to take medication, no dose reduction or change to an alternative regimen. We conclude that co-trimoxazole and lactobacilli preparation improve quality of life during a neutropenic episode and have the additional advantage of being relatively inexpensive. PMID- 6969349 TI - [Fatal hemorrhage from esophageal varicose veins]. PMID- 6969351 TI - Connective tissue disease in pregnancy. PMID- 6969350 TI - Alterations in expression of murine thymocyte proteins and glycoproteins during fetal thymus development. PMID- 6969352 TI - The immunologic concept of EPH-gestosis. PMID- 6969353 TI - Current concepts in hemolytic disease and blood group incompatibility. PMID- 6969354 TI - The maternal immune system during pregnancy and its age-related changes in rodents. PMID- 6969355 TI - The development of the fetal immune system. PMID- 6969356 TI - Immunoglobulins and fetal infection. PMID- 6969357 TI - Immunology of infertility. PMID- 6969358 TI - Studies on immune infertility: a hypothesis on the etiology of immune infertility based on the biological role of seminal plasma immune response inhibitor. PMID- 6969359 TI - Immunoassay in reproductive medicine. PMID- 6969360 TI - The immune system in gynecologic malignancies. PMID- 6969361 TI - The immunobiology of the maternal-fetal relationship. PMID- 6969362 TI - Repair and action spectrum of oxygen-independent lethality of near UV light on Haemophilus influenzae and lack of mutation. AB - Haemophilus influenzae has been inactivated anaerobically at 313, 334, 365 and 405 nm, and exhibits the greatest sensitivity at 334 nm. The rec1 and uvr1 mutants show the greatest increase in sensitivity over the wild-type at 313 nm, but differences could be seen also at the other wavelengths. Anaerobic irradiation is less effective for killing at all the wavelengths than irradiation under aerobic conditions, but the greatest difference was observed at 365 nm. No induced mutation was seen as a result of anaerobic irradiation at 334 nm, although purified transforming DNA can be mutated at this wavelength. PMID- 6969363 TI - Defective Fc-receptor functions associated with the HLA-B8/DRw3 haplotype: studies in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and normal subjects. AB - Dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with the HLA-B8/DRw3 haplotype in over 90 per cent of patients, and various percentages have been reported to have circulating immune complexes. Since removal of immune complexes from the circulation is thought to depend on the Fc-receptor function of tissue macrophages, we studied this function by measuring the clearance of IgG sensitized autologous erythrocytes in 16 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, in normal controls with the HLA-B8/DRw3 haplotype, and in randomly selected controls. All patients were HLA-B8 positive, and all of 12 patients tested were HLA-DRw3 positive. Erythrocyte clearance was reduced in eight of the 16 patients, but did not correlate with immune-complex levels. Four of eight controls with HLA B8/DRw3 also had delayed Fc-receptor-mediated clearance as compared with normal controls. In addition, both patients and HLA-B8/DRw3-positive controls had decreased percentages and total numbers of T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG. These findings indicate a functional Fc-receptor defect associated with the HLA B8/DRw3 antigens. PMID- 6969366 TI - Production of human hybridomas secreting antibodies to measles virus. AB - Monoclonal antibodies against a variety of antigens can be produced using techniques of somatic cell hybridization between cells of rodent myeloma lines and B cells derived from animals immunized against a given antigen. However, because of the monoclonal antibodies secreted by these hybridomas are of rodent origin, their use in human immunotherapy is limited. Thus the production of B cell hybrids that secrete human monoclonal antibodies may be of considerable value. We have hybridized a hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) deficient human B-cell line derived from a patient suffering from multiple myeloma with peripheral lymphocytes obtained from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). These hybridomas were found to secrete human IgM specific for measles virus nucleocapsids. PMID- 6969365 TI - Current concepts in immunology: Cell-surface markers in lymphoproliferative disease. PMID- 6969364 TI - Elastolytic activity in pulmonary lavage fluid from patients with adult respiratory-distress syndrome. AB - To test the hypothesis that adult respiratory-distress syndrome (ARDS) is related to increased activity of the proteolytic enzyme elastase released from neutrophils in the lung, we determined the differential white-cell count, the elastolytic activity, the source of elastase, and the concentration and activity of the endogenous protease inhibitor alpha-1-antiprotease (alpha-1-AP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 23 patients with ARDS and from 55 patients without this syndrome. Neutrophil predominance (> 80 per cent) was observed in 18 of 23 patients with ARDS. High elastolytic activity of neutrophil origin was found in 12 of 23 patients with ARDS (52 per cent), in none of 16 normal nonsmokers (P < 0.01), in two of 17 normal smokers, and in three of 22 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although there were no significant differences in alpha-1-AP concentrations, its activity was reduced in eight of nine patients with ARDS and high elastolytic activity. We conclude that in many patients with ARDS, high levels of neutrophil elastolytic activity in the lungs are associated with reduced alpha-1-AP function. PMID- 6969367 TI - [Anal blood loss in children]. PMID- 6969368 TI - [Myocardial damage following traumatic injury of the coronary artery]. PMID- 6969369 TI - Trigeminal neuropathy--new observations. AB - Five cases of trigeminal neuropathy of the idiopathic variety are reported; one patient had an associated unilateral hypoglossal neuropathy with fasciculations and wasting of the ipsilateral half of the tongue. No demonstrable cause was found with the usual laboratory and neuroradiological examinations. Four of the patients underwent retromastoid craniectomy, and the microsurgical observations of the cerebellopontine angle are noted. The superior cerebellar artery (three cases) or anterior inferior cerebellar artery (one case) was found to be stretching the trigeminal nerve in all four case. Microvascular decompression provided pain relief and sensory recovery or improvement in all patients operated upon. In one case, the hypoglossal nerve was also found to be distorted by an arterial loop of a medullary artery; decompression of the loop resulted in complete recovery of hypoglossal function on the affected side. In cases of persistent idiopathic trigeminal neuropathy with or without intractable pain, retromastoid craniectomy with microvascular decompression of the 5th nerve is a therapeutic alternative. (Neurosurgery, 7: 347-351, 1980). PMID- 6969371 TI - Aneurysms of the vein of Galen in children: CT and angiographic correlations. AB - An aneurysm of the vein of Galen is a rare midline arteriovenous malformation. The clinical signs and the prognosis strictly depend on age of presentation and on the amount of blood shunted into the malformation. In the newborn, cardiac failure is the most common presenting sign. In order children hydrocephalus, headache, focal neurological signs and subarachnoid bleeding may be the reason for admission. At the Hospital for Sick Children six patients with an aneurysm of the vein of Galen were studied by angiography and CT. Four of them were newborn in cardiac failure. Angiography was essential for the accurate demonstration of all the feeding vessels to the malformation and their exact location. Computed tomography also added useful information on associated hydrocephalus and ischemic brain damage. The dilated vein of Galen, straight sinus and torcular were clearly seen. Abnormal arterial vessels feeding the malformation were also recognized. PMID- 6969370 TI - Antithymic immune factor in schizophrenia. A World Health Organization study. AB - Six WHO Collaborating Centre took part in the study of the antithymic activity of blood sera of patients suffering from schizophrenia. Blood serum specimens from 118 schizophrenic patients and 62 mentally healthy donors were investigated. Statistically significant differences between schizophrenic patients and the controls were found (p < 0.05). It is probable that as with other biological phenomena described in schizophrenia, antithymic activity is one of the biological factors, in combination with other factors, predisposing towards the development of the schizophrenic process. PMID- 6969372 TI - Postpartum CT examination of the heads of full term infants. AB - Intracranial hemorrhage and decreased density of the cerebral parenchyma were the major findings on CT of 150 full term newborns in the first week of life. Clinically silent hemorrhage was rare. All neonates with severe intracranial bleeding had neurological abnormalities. A correlation was not found between hemorrhage and the mode of delivery. The site of hemorrhage and the mode of delivery. The site of hemorrhage has an important bearing on brain development. Periventricular hypodensity is an ambiguous finding which should be interpreted in conjunction with the clinical findings. PMID- 6969373 TI - Visual-vestibular interaction in motion perception and the generation of nystagmus. PMID- 6969375 TI - Flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy--an alternative to colonoscopy? AB - The results of 166 colonoscopic examinations are reported with particular reference to site and nature of the lesion identified. One hundred and fifty-five polyps and 13 colorectal cancers were found, 62 polyps and five cancers being beyond 50 cm from the anal verge. It is suggested that the number of lesions beyond the reach of a flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscope would be unacceptably high and that there can be no justification for the purchase of such an instrument as an alternative to a full length colonoscope. Whilst the fibreoptic instrument does have advantages as a sigmoidoscope its cost will preclude its widespread use in New Zealand at the present time. PMID- 6969374 TI - Similar kinetic characteristics of 5-hydroxytryptamine binding in blood platelets and brain membranes of rats. AB - Blood platelets and brain membranes of SIV and Lewis rats both exhibited two saturable binding sites for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the concentration range 1-100 nM. The Kd values for the high-affinity sites were 4-6 nM and for the low affinity sites 20-40 nM in both tissues of both rat strains. Blood platelets had 100-200 times more binding sites per mg protein (Bmax) than brain membranes. Thus, 5-HT receptors of platelets may be used as models for those of cerebral 5 HT-neurons. PMID- 6969376 TI - [Immunological state of the body in different forms of diabetic lesions of the fundus oculi]. PMID- 6969377 TI - [Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring anti-DNA level in the serum of SLE patients]. PMID- 6969378 TI - [Electronystagmographic investigations of a selected group of water transport workers exposed to vibration and noise (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969379 TI - [Electronystagmographic investigations in unilateral pyramid fractures with facial nerve palsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969380 TI - [Effect of vibration and noise on the organ of equilibrium according to electronystagmographic studies of selected group of water transport workers. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences, Wroclaw, June 20, 1979]. PMID- 6969382 TI - Histiocytosis X. AB - Histiocytosis X is characterized by a proliferation of cytologically benign histiocytes and occurs in a severe form (type 1) with a short course and poor prognosis and a milder form (type 2) with a protracted course and favorable prognosis. Otolaryngologists will encounter the type 2 form of the disease and must include it in the differential diagnosis of osteolytic lesions of the skull. PMID- 6969381 TI - Neurogenic tumors of the skull base. AB - This review article summarizes the subject of neurolemmomas in and around the temporal bone and was written as a component paper for a symposium on surgery of the skull base. The paper primarily discusses solitary schwannomas of the facial nerve, vestibular schwannomas, and jugular foramen schwannomas relative to incidence, signs and symptoms, and preferential diagnostic and therapeutic options. General considerations such as multiple neurofibromatosis, current nomenclature, and malignancy are defined. PMID- 6969383 TI - Rare tumors of the cerebellopontine angle. AB - IN a series of 1,354 cerebellopontine angle tumors treated at the Otologic Medical Group, approximately 10% were lesions other than acoustic neurinomas. Of the non-acoustic tumors, the majority were meningiomas, primary cholesteatomas, and neurinomas of other cranial nerves in the posterior fossa. Twenty-five other lesions were encountered; these rare tumors are the subject of this study. The benign tumors resemble acoustic neurinomas in appearance and in the method of treatment. Malignant tumors are characterized by rapid development of symptoms and are difficult to treat because of invasion of vital structures in the area. PMID- 6969384 TI - The incidence and significance of the Tullio phenomenon in man. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and significance of the Tullio phenomenon in a group of human subjects. The subjects included 40 patients with complaints of auditory or vestibular symptoms. Ten otologically normal subjects were included in the study as a control group. All subjects underwent routine audiologic evaluation as well as electronystagmogram (ENG) testing. All subjects were then tested for the presence of the Tullio phenomenon by the method described. The results of this study showed that of the 40 subjects with known auditory or vestibular disorders, 90% (36) demonstrated nystagmus in response to high-intensity sound stimulation. All patients in the otologically normal control group demonstrated the presence of the Tullio phenomenon. No specific correlations were made between the presence of the Tullio phenomenon and specific audiologic or ENG findings. Studies on the effects of sound on the vestibular system are reviewed and lend support to the finding that the Tullio phenomenon may be a normal physiologic response in man under certain test conditions. PMID- 6969385 TI - [Lost syndromes]. PMID- 6969388 TI - Conditions that simulate primary neoplasms of bone. PMID- 6969387 TI - The alteration of paraplegic patients muscle properties due to electrical stimulation exercising. AB - The influence of daily surface electrical stimulation of paraplegic patients' muscles is discussed in the paper. The optimisation of stimulation and training parameters and functionality of retrained muscles when performing erect standing or primitive walking, is discussed. PMID- 6969389 TI - Cataracts in infants and children. PMID- 6969390 TI - [Effect of levamisole on phagocytosis and the functional state of the T- and B lymphocytes in children with kidney diseases]. PMID- 6969386 TI - [Regular changes in cellular and humoral immunity in juvenile infectious diseases]. PMID- 6969391 TI - Men's fabric preferences related to age, inherent color vision, and perceptual disembedding ability. AB - Non-random samples of 27 color-normal and 27 color-blind men between the ages of 18 and 52 were administered measures of color vision, fabric preferences, and perceptual disembedding (field dependence). Pearson product-moment correlation and analysis of variance were used to test associations among the variables. Results showed the rank order of men's fabric preferences from least to most preferred were pattern, large design, tint, textured, small design, shade, smooth, and plain. There was one significant relationship between age and a preference for tints. No significant relationships were found among fabric preferences and color vision, fabric preference and field dependence, or age and field dependence. Color-blind men were significantly more field-independent than color-normal men in the sample. It was concluded that social as opposed to inherent factors helped to determine men's fabric preferences. PMID- 6969392 TI - [Spontaneous intramural hematoma of the esophagus. Complication of an anticoagulant treatment]. PMID- 6969393 TI - [Haemorrhagic complications of diaphragmatic hernias. 38 cases (author's transl)]. AB - In this retrospective study two-thirds of 38 haemorrhagic diaphragmatic hernias presented as overt bleeding and one-third as anaemia. Fiberoscopy was of paramount importance for locating the bleeding lesion, which was superficial in 75% of the cases and lied in the neck of the hernia as often as in the lower oesophagus. The pathogenic mechanisms were varied and included gastro-oesophageal reflux and purely mechanical phenomena. Thirty-five of these patients were operated upon, including 3 emergencies. The surgical procedure adopted was invariably conservative and aimed at reducing the hernia and at preventing the reflux; it had remarkable and lasting haemostatic effects. PMID- 6969394 TI - Interspersion of repetitive with repetitive sequences in an amphibian, Rana berlandieri. AB - When conventional genome arrangement analyses performed on R. berlandieri DNA at a normal (60 degrees C) and a high (75 degrees C) reassociation temperature were compared, an additional interspersion pattern was detected which indicates that different classes of repetitive sequences are closely interspersed with each other. Our results further suggest that the genomic abundance of purified (or cloned) repetitive sequences can be accurately determined by solution hybridization with genomic DNA only when the reassociation is performed at a relatively high temperature (Tm - 10 degrees C). PMID- 6969395 TI - [Various indicators of immunity in elderly persons]. PMID- 6969396 TI - Crohn's disease in Wales, 1967-1976; an epidemiological survey based on hospital admissions. AB - One thousand and ninety-eight patients from Wales were treated in hospital for Crohn's disease between 1967 and 1976, which gave an overall 'period prevalence' for the disease of 40 cases/10(5) of the total population. The data were analysed for each of the 8 counties and for rural as well as urban populations of different sizes. The disease was significantly more common in the urban counties of Gwent and the 3 parts of Glamorgan compared with the remainder of Wales. The highest prevalence was in South Glamorgan (54 cases/10(5)) and the lowest in Dyfed (30/10(5)). There was a relatively small but highly significant difference in the prevalence for urban populations larger than 10 000 (47/10(5)) compared with smaller communities which were chiefly rural (34/10(5)). PMID- 6969397 TI - Acute epiglottitis in an adult. AB - A 33-year old man developed acute epiglottitis of sudden onset which resulted in severe respiratory distress. A small endotracheal tube was passed as an emergency procedure. Respiratory arrest developed after he pulled it out 12 hr later. Subsequent progress was satisfactory following endotracheal intubation and treatment with ampicillin and hydrocortisone. Blood cultures grew Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6969398 TI - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of lymphosarcoma]. PMID- 6969399 TI - [Immunological characteristics of the peripheral blood and lymph node lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease and reactive lymphadenitis]. PMID- 6969400 TI - Purification of kidney epithelial cell growth inhibitors. AB - Two high molecular weight growth inhibitors have been isolated from the culture medium of BSC-1 cells, epithelial cells of African green monkey kidney. The purified kidney epithelial cell growth inhibitors, at ng/ml concentrations, reversibly arrest the growth of BSC-1 cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Their action is selective; they are most active on BSC-1 cells, are less active as inhibitors of the growth of rat lung and human breast epithelial cells, and do not inhibit the growth of 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts ad human skin fibroblasts in culture. Their growth inhibitory action on BSC-1 cell cultures is counteracted by epidermal growth factor or calf serum. PMID- 6969401 TI - Cellular interactions in the generation of cytolytic T lymphocyte responses: role of Ia-positive splenic adherent cells in presentation in H-2 antigen. AB - Splenic adherent cells are required for generation of both primary and, at limiting antigen dose, secondary allogeneic responses of cytolytic T lymphocytes to intact stimulator cells. Secondary responses to purified allogeneic plasma membranes or purified H-2Kk antigens in liposomes are also dependent upon splenic adherent cells. Generation of these responses requires the presence of an Ia positive. Thy 1,2-negative, radiation-resistant cell in the splenic adherent cell population that is adherent to glass, plastic, and nylon wool. Stimulation of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors with purified H-2Kk alloantigen bound to Ia+ splenic adherent cells is 10-20 times more efficient than stimulation with antigen added directly to culture. Furthermore, a marked decrease in the response of cytolytic T lymphocytes to liposomes was observed when antiserum against Iad specific for the Ia of the responder cells was added to culture. These results demonstrate that, for purified proteins of the major histocompatibility complex, antigen presentation by Ia+ splenic adherent cells plays a role in the generation of a cytolytic T lymphocyte response. PMID- 6969402 TI - Purification and some characteristics of human T-cell growth factor from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte-conditioned media. AB - Human T-cell growth factor (TCGF), a mitogenic protein that appears in the media of cultured lymphocytes after phytohemagglutinin-stimulation, has been purified more than 400-fold from serum-free conditioned media by using a sequence of ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified growth factor elutes as a broad peak from DEAE-Sepharose, focuses diffusely at a pH of about 6.8 on isoelectric focusing (suggesting heterogeneity in electrical charge), has an estimated molecular weight of approximately 23,000 as judged by gel filtration (12,000-13,000 on Na-DodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), is resistant to DNase and RNase, is degraded by trypsin, and does not adhere to any of several lectin-Sepharoses. These characteristics indicate that it is nonglycosylated and protein in nature. The activity of the factor determined by cell counts or [3H]thymidine incorporation in human T lymphoblasts, is stable at room temperature in crude conditioned media, but the partially purified factor requires the addition of albumin or polyethylene glycol to maintain stability. Unlike the crude conditioned media, the purified factor lacks colony-stimulating activity and, unlike lectins, antigens, and crude conditioned media, it does not initiate blastogenesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes but is a selective mitogen for T cells that have undergone blast transformation secondary to exposure to a lectin or antigen. This indicates that the factor is a second signal in the T cell immune response. The partially purified factor has been used to selectively grow several human T-cell lines, including cells that are cytotoxic to a variety of target cells. PMID- 6969404 TI - Neural influences on bullfrog renal functions. PMID- 6969403 TI - ATP depletion as a consequence of adenosine deaminase inhibition in man. AB - Hereditary deficiency of the enzyme adenosie deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) results in an immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by a marked reduction in circulating lymphocytes. We have administered 2'-deoxycoformycin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, to a patient with a lymphoproliferative malignancy. The clinical consequences of pharmacologic inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity included an abrupt decrease in the lymphocyte count, abnormalities of renal and hepatic function, and hemolytic anemia. The plasma concentrations of adenosine and deoxyadenosine rose to peak values of 13 microM and 5 microM, respectively, and erythrocyte dATP levels increased to 110 pmol/10(6) cells over 9 days. There was a corresponding decrease in erythrocyte ATP levels from 128 to < 6 pmol/10(6) cells. A similar profound reductin in ATP occurred in the erythrocytes of a second patient. The rapid and unexpected depletion of ATP associated with dATP accumulation may account, at least in part, for the toxicity associated with 2'-deoxycoformycin administration. The inverse relationship of ATP and dATP raises major questions about the control of energy metabolism in erythrocytes. PMID- 6969406 TI - Dissociation of the substrates for medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation and stimulation-escape using a two-electrode stimulation technique. PMID- 6969405 TI - Serotonin-mimetic and antidepressant drugs on passive avoidance learning by olfactory bulbectomised rats. AB - Olfactory bulbectomised rats were treated with drugs and their rate of acquisition of a passive avoidance task was measured. The acquisition-rate, which is disturbed by the bilateral ablations, was completely restored by acute administration of fenfluramine or fluoxetine. Partial restoration was found with quipazine. Clonidine was without effect. Repeated treatments with imipramine and mianserine improved passive avoidance of bulbectomised rats. Metergoline blocked these effects of imipramine and mianserin. These results indicate a serotonergic mechanism in the effect of antidepressants on olfactory bulbectomised rats. PMID- 6969407 TI - Type A behavior and blood pressure during coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Systemic hypertension has been reported as common during coronary artery bypass surgery. The coronary-prone Type A behavior pattern has been associated with heightened reactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, the possible relationships between the two was explored. Significant correlations were found between systolic blood pressure rise during surgery and interview ratings of overall Type A (p < 0.05), aggressive content (p < 0.01), and job commitment (p < 0.001). A statistically association was also found between diastolic pressure rise and the job commitment rating (p < 0.01). Significant correlations were still present after controlling for the role of physical predictors of blood pressure rise by statistical multiple regression analysis. The data suggest that patients with Type A behavior characteristics manifest an autonomic hyperactivity which is present under general anesthesia. This hyperactivity may contribute to the association of Type A behavior pattern and coronary heart disease. PMID- 6969408 TI - Inhibition of X-ray-induced potentially lethal damage (PLD) repair by cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) and enhancement of its action by 2'-deoxycoformycin in Chinese hamster hai cells in the stationary phase in vitro. PMID- 6969409 TI - [Correlation between T-deficiency and disorders in protection against infection in mice during the postradiation period]. PMID- 6969410 TI - [The radiological and radioisotope diagnosis of pericarditides in lymphogranulomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969411 TI - [Determination of the left ventricular output fraction using a gamma camera]. PMID- 6969412 TI - Computed tomography in the hydrocephalic patient after shunting. AB - The interpretation of postshunt computed tomographic (CT) scans of hydrocephalic patients presents numerous difficulties unless the interpreter has a thorough knowledge of the clinical symptoms, type and cause of hydrocephalus, preshunt morphology of ventricles and subarachnoid spaces, possible complications of shunt placement, and signs of shunt failure. A review of 368 scans from 108 hydrocephalic patients included subgroup statistical analysis of the development of ventricular asymmetry and of subarachnoid space changes after shunting. The situation and appearance of ventricular catheters were quite variable. Subarachnoid space enlargement after shunting usually was related to long standing high-grade ventriculomegaly, and was observed most commonly in congenital or acquired nonneoplastic hydrocephalus with little relationship to the site of blockage. Ventricular asymmetry developed in one third of the cases and was related to the site of the shunt catheter tip. Preshunt asymmetry persisted in spite of shunt placement in the larger ventricle. Accurate diagnosis of shunt failure usually required baseline CT studies, correlation with clinical findings, and, in some cases, serial scans. PMID- 6969414 TI - [Upper digestive hemorrhages and candidiasis]. PMID- 6969413 TI - [A short 6-month period of drug therapy in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (preliminary report)]. PMID- 6969415 TI - Biochemical control of high-dose methotrexate/Leucovorin rescue therapy. AB - High-dose methotrexate/Leucovorin rescue therapy is based on the assumption of differences in the transport system for folate compounds between normal and malignant proliferating cells. Thus, under normal conditions, methotrexate (MTX) and Leucovorin (citrovorum factor, CF) in low doses can enter the cells by an active transport system, whereas in some malignancies - such as osteosarcoma - these substances only penetrate through the cell membrane by passive diffusion if they are given in very high doses. Therefore, after high-dose MTX treatment, the cytotoxic effect of the folate antagonist is compensated for by rescue with Leucovorin in low doses only in the normal cell system. The consequence of this kind of treatment is a selective antitumor effect. To avoid cytotoxic side effects, this therapeutic regimen must be monitored carefully. The decrease of the ratio of 3H-deoxyuridine (dUR) beta H-thymidine (dTR) incorporation into the DNA of the cells is a good biochemical parameter for estimating the MTX effect on rapidly proliferating cell systems. Using this indicator, it was shown that the usually administered dose of Leucovorin is not sufficient for an effective rescue of the bone marrow cells as long as the MTX serum concentration is equal or higher than 10(-6) M. If in critical cases the MTX elimination is retarded, a rescue can only be achieved by Leucovorin at doses tenfold higher than the actual amount of MTX in the whole body system. The Leucovorin rescue does under such circumstances can be calculated according to the formula Leucovorin (mg) = 10 x MTX (mg/l) x 0.76 x body weight (kg). PMID- 6969416 TI - Central serotonin receptor sensitivity in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Serotonin mediated bulbospinal motor activities were examined in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE)-induced-paraplegia. Treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and L-tryptophan failed to elicit the components of the serotonin syndrome which involved levels of the neuraxis manifesting flaccid paralysis. Straub tail, hindlimb abduction and hindlimb rigidity did not occur. The motor responses represented at spinal segments just above the level of paraplegia, lateral head weaving and forepaw treading, were present but altered in the diseased rats. No impairment was evident in the production of head tremor or hyper-reactivity to accoustic and tactile stimuli. Similarly, in urethane anesthetized EAE rats, serotonergically-evoked automatic swallowing activity was unchanged as judged by the effects of serotonin receptor agonists, and a serotonin precursor, a reuptake blocker and an antagonist. Our data support the conclusion that EAE-induced impairment of serotonergic neurotransmission is correlated with motor deficits manfested during the acute paralytic stage of the disease. PMID- 6969417 TI - Kartageners syndrome: a report of six cases with special reference to humoral and cellular immunity. AB - 4 men and 2 women presenting with Kartagener's syndrome were studied. Humoral and cellular immunity were evaluated by measuring immunoglobulin levels, total complement activity, C3, C4 and C5 levels, lymphocyte subpopulations, lymphoproliferative response to PHA, delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions and histocompatibility antigens. The in vitro tests for cellular and humoral immunity showed normal results, or only transitory alterations. However, the in vivo tests clearly showed a decrease in the delayed response in the skin tests using bacterial and mycotic antigens and PPD. In two siblings the HLA typing showed identical haplotypes. The results are presented taking into account the new physiopathogenetic concepts of Karagener's syndrome with respect to dysfunction of the ciliated columnar epithelium and chemotactic defects of the nonciliated blood cells found in these patients. PMID- 6969418 TI - Migration and replication of the germ cell line in Rana pipiens. PMID- 6969419 TI - The current status of cloning and nuclear reprograming in amphibian eggs. PMID- 6969420 TI - Auditory brain-stem electric responses evoked with suprathreshold tone-bursts. AB - The brain-stem electric responses elicited by tone-bursts with central frequency at octave intervals from 0.5 to 4 kHz and at 80--100 dB HL stimulus levels have been studied in normally hearing subjects and patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Jewett V latencies were considerably prolonged in patients with retrocochlear or central pathology. Latencies from normal and cochlear hearing loss ears were largely independent of thresholds at both the stimulus and other frequencies. The interpretation of response latencies at suprathreshold stimulus levels is discussed. Stimulus frequency should be selected in accordance with the pure-tone audiogram, and ears with prolonged latencies investigated at more than one frequency. PMID- 6969421 TI - Spleen white pulp architecture in the assessment of immunity in patients with far advanced pancreatic carcinoma. AB - The histological changes in the white pulp of the spleens collected from 63 patients who had died of widespread adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were assessed by a standardized reporting system. As control material served the same number of age- and sex-matched patients who had died of myocardial infarction without signs of any malignancy. Special attention was focused on the evaluation of the lymphocyte populations (T- and B-cell areas) responsible for immunological reactivity. Histological characteristics suggested to reflect the activity of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were within normal limits in the control patients, whereas in the carcinoma series both the T- and B-cell areas were profoundly depleted. The results were interpreted, although with caution, to suggest that some degree of impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity probably exists in patients dying of widespread carcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 6969422 TI - Blood lymphocyte functions in relation to splenic weight and tumor involvement in untreated Hodgkin's disease. AB - Spontaneous and mitogen induced blood lymphocyte DNA synthesis was studied in relation to weight and tumor involvement of the spleen in 33 untreated patients with Hodgkin's Disease. Splenic tumor involvement was found in 14 patients. In this group there was a strong inverse correlation between spleen weight and lymphocyte DNA synthesis induced by PWM, ConA and PPD. In patients with uninvolved spleens the spontaneous blood lymphocyte DNA synthesis increased with spleen weight. No correlation with the mitogen response was observed in this group. PMID- 6969423 TI - Some functional properties of the RNP nucleoplasmic antigen. AB - The effect of nuclear stimulators and inhibitors on the nuclear contents of nucleoplasmic antigens (ENA) was studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Human autoimmune sera, one reacting with RNase-A-sensitive and one with RNase-A-resistant components of ENA in the passive haemagglutination test, were used as indicators of the RNP and Sm antigens, respectively. Phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A both caused an accumulation of these antigens in normal blood lymphocytes. With pokeweed mitogen, staphylococcal protein A, or purified protein derivative the accumulation was apparently restricted to B cells, alpha-amanitine, 10 microgram/ml, prevented the mitogen induced accumulation of RNP in normal human blood lymphocytes and reduced the contents of this antigen in several lymphoblastoid cell lines and in HeLa cells but did not significantly affect the contents of Sm antigen in any of these cell types. The experimental results suggest that the RNP and Sm nucleoplasmic antigens are normal rapid-phase reactants integrated in physiological nuclear mechanisms rather than inert structural constituents of the nuclear matrix or the products of a latent virus. PMID- 6969424 TI - T-Cell receptor idiotypes. PMID- 6969425 TI - Characterization of active T cells in CSF and blood in multiple sclerosis patients and controls. AB - In thirty-two patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), significantly lower percentages of active T cells--that is, lymphocytes which have been incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h before 5 min rosetting with sheep erythrocytes--were found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than in blood, whereas the reverse was observed in twenty of twenty-two patients with other neurological diseases (OND). No significant difference was found between percentages of active T cells in blood in MS, OND, and healthy controls. Lymphocytes from MS CSF are extensively temperature-labile when examined under different test conditions; without incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 h, active T cell percentages in CSF of both patients with MS and OND were, in fact, higher than in peripheral blood. The mitogen response patterns of enriched active T cells and unseparated lymphocytes from peripheral blood did not discriminate between patients with MS and healthy controls. Although active T cell values have been shown to correlate with cell mediated immunocompetence, they have not yet been defined functionally. One of the explanations for the present findings could be that lymphocytes themselves in MS patients' CSF are at least partly virus-infected. PMID- 6969428 TI - [Changes in specific and non-specific immunity in children with hemoblastosis or malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6969427 TI - [Chronic persistent supraventricular tachycardia in childhood]. PMID- 6969429 TI - [Reticulin antibodies in children with celiac sprue]. PMID- 6969426 TI - [Complex therapy of malignant testicular tumors in adults]. PMID- 6969430 TI - [The effect of some factors on survival time in chronic myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 6969431 TI - [Principal questions of postgraduate education in social medicine]. PMID- 6969432 TI - [Increasing the participation of students in the educational process in a specialized course on the organization and administration of health services]. PMID- 6969433 TI - [Postgraduate education in health statistics]. PMID- 6969434 TI - [The role and position of law in social medicine; requirements for postgraduate education]. PMID- 6969435 TI - [The effect of radioprotective agents on the activity of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the blood serum of irradiated large laboratory animals]. PMID- 6969436 TI - [Changes in reduced glutathione concentration in rat tissues after irradiation and prior administration of a cystamine and mexamine combination]. PMID- 6969438 TI - [The effect on the local and general reactions of the rat of nitrogen oxide loading followed by stress-inducing vibration]. PMID- 6969437 TI - [Late hemodynamic changes after a single and fractionated local irradiation of the abdomen in rats]. PMID- 6969439 TI - [Bactericidal activity of human blood]. PMID- 6969440 TI - Consensus on bypass surgery. PMID- 6969441 TI - A scanning micropipette molecule microscope. AB - A movable quartz micropipette, whose tip is sealed with a polymer plug, is used as a liquid-vacuum interface to a mass spectrometer. A light microscope allows observation of, and positioning of, the micropipette tip on the surface of a sample mounted in a perfusion chamber. This forms the basis of an instrument which enables one to study, in vitro, the localization of transepithelial transport of water and other molecules. Some preliminary results from the use of this instrument are presented. PMID- 6969442 TI - Treatment of otitis media with cefaclor, a new oral cephalosporin. AB - Cefaclor, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated for efficacy in the treatment of otitis media in 46 pediatric patients who had aspiration of the middle ear for culture. The dose of cefaclor ranged from 29 to 42 mg/kg/day administered in three divided doses. No organism was isolated in nine of the 46 patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in 43% and Hemophilus influenzae in 27% of the remainder. A bacteriologic cure was achieved in 97% of cases with culturable organisms. The one treatment failure was due to a cefaclor-resistant strain of H influenzae. The medication was well tolerated with the exception of one case of eosinophilia that was possibly drug related. Cefaclor given three times a day is an effective program for the treatment of otitis media. PMID- 6969443 TI - Pneumocystis pneumonia in hospitals: outbreaks or improved recognition? AB - A presumed outbreak of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis occurred at a large teaching hospital. The diagnosis was made by lung biopsy or at autopsy in seven patients over a 22 1/2-year period and only by percutaneous lung aspirate in seven patients over a 2 1/2-year period. Apparent outbreaks may be related to both an increase in the number of cases of disease and improved diagnostic methods. PMID- 6969444 TI - Intramural gastric hematoma secondary to splenic rupture. PMID- 6969445 TI - [Immunocytological and cytochemical classification of acute lymphoid leukemia in children]. PMID- 6969446 TI - [Characteristics of the jaundice-free and subclinical forms of serum hepatitis type B in children]. PMID- 6969448 TI - [Approaches to the laboratory prognosis of the effectiveness of using dekaris (levamisole)]. PMID- 6969449 TI - Trichomoniasis. New ideas on an old disease. AB - Trichomoniasis is probably the most widespread sexually transmitted disease of man. The causative organism, Trichomonas vaginalis, can normally be found on microscopic examination of vaginal exudate, although serological diagnostic techniques have recently been described. The organism has now been recognized as a pathogen, and, although infection has been associated with cervical cancer, a causative link has not been established. Despite both humoral and cellular immune responses, protective immunity has not been demonstrated in man. Treatment schedules with metronidazole and other 5-nitro-imidazoles have been revised, many authors recommending short courses with large doses. The suspected carcinogenic properties of metronidazole have not been proved, although caution is still advised in the treatment of pregnant patients. Recognition of trichomoniasis as a sexually transmitted disease means that treatment of sexual partners is essential to prevent reinfection. PMID- 6969450 TI - Measuring the in vitro susceptibility of Trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole: a disk broth method. AB - Strains of Trichomonas vaginalis were evaluated for their in vitro responses to metronidazole. A serial twofold dilution method that measured minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by cessation of trophozoite motility was compared with the disk broth method, in which both cessation of motility and inhibition of trophozoite proliferation were used for measurement of MICs. These methods gave comparable results in distinguishing a metronidazole-resistant and two metronidazole-susceptible strains of T. vaginalis under conditions of both aerobic and anaerobic incubation. However, anaerobic test conditions significantly lowered the MIC of metronidazole against a metronidazole-resistant strain. Clinical isolates of T. vaginalis and strain ATCC 30001 from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Md.) were also tested. Two of 12 clinical isolates were resistant to metronidazole in vitro. It is concluded that the disk broth method is a simple and reliable screening method for detection of metronidazole-resistant strains of T. vaginalis. PMID- 6969447 TI - [B-prolymphocytic leukemia, a variant of chronic lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 6969452 TI - Linked marker analysis of spontaneous HLA variants of somatic cells. AB - Fourteen independent, spontaneously arising HLA-A1 and -B27 variant clones were isolated from the pseudodiploid B lymphoid line T5-1 by selection using A1 and B27 alloantiserum, respectively, and complement. T5-1 is heterozygous for the tightly linked loci HLA-DR, -B, and -A and probably for -C as well. Following recloning, each of the variants was tested for the HLA specificities of T5-1. None of these spontaneous variants had a genetic lesion which extended to the nearest flanking HLA marker, less than 1 cM distant. On the other hand, a variant isolated from mutagenized cells had a lesion which extended completely through one HLA region in cis, suggesting that haploid expression in the HLA region is compatible with viability, that there are no recessive lethals in the opposite HLA region, and that spontaneously arising variants with extended lesions could have been recovered had they occurred. From these results, we conclude that extended genetic lesions of 0.8 cM or longer contribute less than 10% to the overall rate of spontaneous variation for HLA alleles, which we previously estimated at about 5 x 10(-7) per cell per generation. PMID- 6969451 TI - Trichomonas vaginalis associated with nongonococcal urethritis and prostatitis. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis was recovered from three (1.7%) of 179 men with nongonococcal urethritis. Prostatitis was found in 11 (8%) of 138 of these men who had prostatic examinations; T. vaginalis was recovered from two of the 11. Serologic evidence (an indirect hemagglutination titer of greater than or equal to 1:80) was found in 20 (14%) of 146 men; four of the 20 had prostatitis and two of these had prostatitis associated with T. vaginalis. In a group of 26 men with urethritis and prostatitis associated with T. vaginalis, the typical clinical presentation was persistent urethritis and/or prostatitis due to an antibiotic resistant agent. PMID- 6969453 TI - A human X-linked antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody. AB - We have constructed hybrids between human thymocytes and the mouse thymoma BW5147. These hybrids, and others, have been used to show that the expression of a thymocyte antigen is controlled by an X-lined gene. PMID- 6969454 TI - Evaluation: the often neglected aspect of POR education. PMID- 6969455 TI - Hymn to life. PMID- 6969456 TI - Evaluation of the bleeding patient. AB - The recent development and widespread use of flexible fiberoptic endoscopy and visceral arteriography have revolutionized the evaluation of patients presenting with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The bleeding lesion can now be precisely identified within a few minutes to hours of a patient's arrival, allowing specific treatment to begin much earlier than was previously possible. The logical sequence of diagnostic studies is different for three different groups of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Those whose bleeding is active or recent require rapid evaluation, while those with chronic bleeding may be evaluated first by the more traditional and less hazardous barium radiologic studies. This revolutionary improvement in diagnostic accuracy should improve the survival of patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6969457 TI - Long-term results of myocardial revascularization in early-onset arteriosclerosis. AB - The risk factors, anatomic disease states, and surgical results were compared between patients, who had coronary bypass operations before 40 years of age and patients who underwent bypass after 40. Elevated serum cholesterol levels were significantly more frequent in the younger group (P = 0.00704). However, these patients were a minority (12.6%) of the younger group the influence of elevated cholesterol levels on the subsequent course of the disease was minimal. The extent and location of coronary lesions and the states of ventricular function by ventriculograms were similar in the two groups. The surgical results were better in the younger group, but not to a significant degree. There were no operative deaths in the younger group and only two patients had perioperative myocardial infarctions. There is no justification for concern that the clinical course in early-onset coronary disease is accelerated. Also, the younger coronary disease patients are effectively treated by coronary artery bypass. PMID- 6969458 TI - [Emergency endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of acute surgical diseases of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6969459 TI - [Complex treatment of acute hemorrhage from the upper segments of the gastrointestinal tract with the use of laser coagulation and electrocoagulation]. PMID- 6969460 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunologic reactions to structural glycoproteins of the heart valves in active rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 6969461 TI - [Common approach to the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and selection of the methods of treatment]. PMID- 6969462 TI - Binding of radioiodinated human von Willebrand factor to Bernard-Soulier, thrombasthenic and von Willebrand's disease platelets. PMID- 6969463 TI - Vancomycin as well as ristocetin facilitates von Willebrand factor binding to platelets. PMID- 6969464 TI - Platelet adherence to subendothelium of human arteries in pulsatile and steady flow. PMID- 6969465 TI - Microfibrils (MF) platelet interaction: requirement of von Willebrand factor. PMID- 6969466 TI - [Work capacity after aortocoronary vein-bypass surgery]. PMID- 6969467 TI - [Can coronary surgery solve the problem of reemployment of disabled patients with angina pectoris?]. PMID- 6969468 TI - [A social medicine follow-up study of men undergoing coronary bypass]. PMID- 6969469 TI - Horse anti-bovine lymphocyte serum. Its effect in calves. AB - Anti-bovine lymphocyte serum (ABLS) had been prepared in horses with calf thymocytes as antigen and its effects in calves following parenteral administration were studied. The optimal dose was found to be one ml/kg body weight. The ABLS suppressed both the T and B cell functions. The former was indicated by the disturbed response to sheep erythrocytes infections, by the decreased number of spontaneous E rosette forming lymphocytes, the prolonged survival of skin allografts and the significant inhibition of the delayed hypersensibility skin reaction (tuberculination) following administration of Mycobacterium microti. The latter was based on the disturbed response to a subcutaneous dose of tetanus toxoid. The reaction of lymphocytes of ABLS treated calves to phytohemagglutinin and poke week mitogen was also inhibited. The disturbed reactions of the T and B cells might be among others based on the strong reduction of lymphocytes in the blood circulation by ABLS (up to 10-20%). PMID- 6969470 TI - Immunobiology of pregnancy: evidence for a fetal immune response against the mother. AB - In a study of 11 pregnancy sera, four retroplacental sera were found to contain antibodies directed against the current pregnancy. In two cases, cord sera were also positive. Surprisingly, the first serum contained antibodies apparently directed against the mother but not the father, thus suggesting an immune response of the fetus. Interestingly, the second was also positive despite the fact that it was a primigravida. PMID- 6969471 TI - HLA, Pi, Gm and Km phenotypes in a spina bifida population with myelo meningocele. AB - HLA, Pi, Gm and Km phenotypes were determined in 53 cases of spina bifida with myelomeningocele. Family studies were possible in 42 cases. An increase in the frequency of HLA-B5 antigen was found. Some phenotype frequencies were also increased without reaching significant levels. PMID- 6969472 TI - Age-dependent responsiveness of T lymphocytes to allogeneic and PHA stimulation. AB - In the course of family investigations a linear age-dependent decrease of reactivity against pooled allogeneic lymphocytes was found between 20 and 70 yr of age. This decreasing tendency was ascertained also by the investigation of unrelated people of a more advanced age. In the elderly, maximal transformation values in PHA stimulation investigated at different PHA doses showed a similar degree of reduction as allogeneic reactivity, and a good correlation between the two parameters of T-lymphocyte function has been found. PMID- 6969474 TI - Regulatory action of THF on T-cell reactivity to mitogens. AB - The effect of in vivo treatment with THF (thymus humoral factor) on the response of mouse lymphocytes to mitogens was investigated. Different preparations of THF were tested by daily i.m. injections into normal mice. Spleen, peripheral lymph node and thymus cells were tested for reactivity to several mitogens at various intervals after initiation of treatment. Our results indicate that the administration of THF to normal mice causes an inhibitory trend in the response of spleen cells to T-cell mitogens. It was found that the response of spleen cells to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) was strongly depressed after 7 days of treatment with 50 micrograms of THF. This was followed by a recovery of the response to normal levels after 14 days of treatment. The response of spleen cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) a B-cell mitogen, did not change throughout 14 days of treatmnent with THF. Lymph node cells of THF-treated mice behaved qualitatively in a similar manner to spleen cells, while thymus cells from THF-treated mice showed a significantly increased response to Con A. In contrast to normal mice, the injection of THF into mice with an impaired reactivity to PHA, such as thymectomized mice and tumor-bearing mice, caused an augmentation of the mitogenic response of spleen cells. These results suggest that in vivo administration of THF causes regulatory changes in the lymphocyte reactivity to T-cell mitogens. PMID- 6969473 TI - Concanavalin A induces a T-cell dependent activation of human tonsil B cells in vitro. AB - Tonsillar lymphocytes cultured for 7 days in serum-supplemented RPMI-1640 medium were stimulated with Con A or PWM. IgM production was assessed by a hemagglutination inhibition assay. IgM was produced after Con A as well as PWM stimulation. Our data show that T-cell irradiation and/or addition of small numbers of T cells to the responding B-cell population facilitate(s) IgM synthesis. In particular in Con A-stimulated cultures the T-cell number is critical in regulating the appearance of suppressor effects. The results are discussed in terms of the various subpopulations possibly involved in the response to these mitogens. PMID- 6969475 TI - Lupus-like syndrome in some strains of nude mice. AB - Nude mice (strains ORL, C57BL, BALB/C), as well as neonatally thymectomized mice, develop spontaneous antinuclear antibodies (ANab) and antidouble-stranded DNA antibodies (dsDNAab). Later, these animals develop a lupus-like syndrome in which immunoglobulin (Ig) deposits appear, first in the kidney glomeruli, then at the dermoepidermal junction and in the choroid plexus. In the beginning, these Ig are IgM and IgG2; later, IgG1 and IgA deposit in the kidneys. The classes of the Ig of the deposits correspond to those of the circulating ANab-Ig, except for IgA. Acid eluates from kidneys and skin, contain anti-DNA histone ab. An increased C1q binding activity is observed in 8- to 12-wk-old ORL nude mice with ANab, but is not observed in age-matched ORL nude mice without ANab. These data indicate the participation of ANab in the constitution of immune complexes and of tissular Ig deposits in nude mice. The antinuclear autoimmunization process, in nude as well as in thymectomized mice, might be interpreted as a defect of T suppressor cells, which normally control autoimmune clones. However, in contrast with the preceding strains of nude mice, nude mice from the IFFA centre, which have a different genetic background, develop neither ANab, nor dsDNAab, nor glomerular lesions. Three hypotheses can be proposed to explain these particularities of IFFA nude mice. They either have an immune response regulating system, independent of the thymus which is defective or absent in the other strains, or they are deprived of lymphocytes able to produce ANab and dsDNAab, or there are not enough free nuclear antigens to stimulate an immune response. Preliminary results obtained in our laboratory favour the first hypothesis. PMID- 6969476 TI - Response to B and T cell mitogens and surface markers in human fetal lymphoid tissues. AB - We studied the responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA), a B cell mitogen, and surface markers in the thymus, liver and spleen of 5 human fetuses ageing from 12 to 26 gestational wk and in cord blood lymhocytes of 9 newborns. Sheep rosette forming cells appeared in all 3 organs at 17 wk; mIgM+ cells were detected in liver and spleen at 24 and 17 wk respectively. SpA and PHA stimulated the cells of all the 5 liver and all the 3 spleen samples examined. Thymus cells responded to PHA as early as the 17th wk and showed a progressive increase in stimulation indexes. An unexpected observation was the response of the thymus cells of a 15-wk fetus to SpA; this finding is discussed in the text. Cord blood lymphocytes gave results comparable to those found in normal adults. PMID- 6969477 TI - Human lymphocyte colony formation: a comparison of stimulation with intact staphylococcus, staph, protein A, pokeweed mitogen and phytohemagglutinin. AB - The efficacy of various mitogens for growing human lymphocyte colonies in semisolid agar cultures was tested. Protein A as well as phytohemagglutinin (PHA) exhibited a strong stimulatory capacity in contrast to Cowan I strain of Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan I). Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was effective and generated a sizeable number of colonies. Plating efficiency of lymphocytes from different donors and for the same donors cultured on different days were highly variable. Regardless of mitogen, colonies grew predominantly on the upper and lower surfaces of the agar and these were predominantly composed of T lymphocytes. A much smaller number of colonies grew within the agar and these were found to be monocytes or a mixture of monocytes granulocytes. Under chosen concentrations of agar and mitogens, dose responses of colony number per number of cultured cells were determined. These were found to be characteristic for each of the mitogens but none were linear. The possibility of cell-cell interactions being important for proliferation is therefore raised. PMID- 6969478 TI - The local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction as a clinical test for immunocompetence of human T lymphocytes. AB - Studies carried out in our laboratory during the years indicated that the local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) might serve as a useful clinical assay of the immunocompetence of human T lymphocytes. Additional studies were therefore carried out using purified populations of B, T and null cells as well as normal mononuclear cell populations, so as to determine the nature of the cells responsible for induction of the reaction and further delineate the factors capable of modifying this pattern of reactivity. Populations of T cells alone gave the largest reaction whereas both B cells from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia and null cells from patients with acute lymphatic leukemia failed completely to induce a GVHR. The addition of anti-T-lymphocytic serum abolished the reaction, providing further proof of the role played by T lymphocytes. Thymic hormone (THF) was found to enhance the reaction when applied both in vivo and in vitro. The immunostimulatory agents transfer factor and levamisole also enhanced the GVHR obtained with normal mononuclear cells. Cytoxan was found to have an enhancing effect at low doses and an inhibiting effect at high doses. Trypsin also acted to abolish the GVHR. The combination of two populations of normal mononuclears always gave a larger GVHR, indicating allogeneic antigen stimulation. Depletion of the monocytes from the population of normal mononuclears resulted in a smaller reaction, providing further evidence that monocytes are required for T-lymphocyte antigen-induced reactivity. On the basis of these findings it is proposed that the local xenogeneic GVHR is a useful clinical test for the measurement of immunocompetence of T lymphocytes, for the differential diagnosis of leukemias and for the determination of the effectiveness of THF. PMID- 6969479 TI - Immunological considerations in connective tissue diseases. PMID- 6969480 TI - [Analysis and fractionation of human tonsillar lymphocytes]. AB - Among the human tonsillar cells, 28.0 +/- 3.1 and 45.14 +/- 2.16% were found to be E and EAC rosette forming cells, resp. In the course of the separation procedure with nylon cotton, in the authors' modification, the cells failing to form rosettes were almost entirely adhering irreversibly to the nylon wool. The 3H-thymidine incorporation in these cells was very intensive, and we supposed them to be T and B lymphoblasts. On the basis of E and EAC rosette formation, the percentage of T and B lymphocytes in human tonsils--as reported by various authors--is different. It may be supposed that methods employed by these authors did not demonstrate the equal extent of transformed forms of lymphocytes, i.e. lymphoblasts, whose amount may be influenced by the functional condition of tonsils. PMID- 6969482 TI - [Congenital factor VII deficiency]. PMID- 6969483 TI - [Health conditions in a Danish industry using asbestos. I]. PMID- 6969481 TI - Radiological patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigerian children. AB - The radiological features of pulmonary tuberculosis in 273 Nigerian children are presented. The commonest lesion lymphadenopathy, was present in 79% followed by parenchymal lesions which were present in 68%. Seventy-two per cent of children with pleural effusions were below 5 years of age while 2 of 13 with cavitation were infants. A majority of cases presented with multiple lesions. PMID- 6969484 TI - [Microhemagglutination test for the detection of antibodies against extractable nuclear antigen. Comparative study of different patient groups for ANA, DNA and ENA antibodies]. PMID- 6969485 TI - [Evolution of angina and psychologic differentiation following aortocoronary bypass; a preliminary study]. PMID- 6969486 TI - Mitogenic factor in human prostate extracts. AB - Extracts of human benign prostatic hyperplasia, well-differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma, and normal post-pubertal prostate stimulate 3H-thymidine incorporation by resting phase cultures of fetal rat osteoblasts and fibroblasts. The stimulation is concentration dependent and reaches a maximum at twenty-four hours of incubation. Prostatic extracts are also mitogenic in cell cultures of newborn human foreskin fibroblasts and the human cell lines, BUD-8 and DoT. The growth-stimulating factor is both heat and trypsin sensitive indicating that the factor is either a protein or contains a protein moiety. The growth-stimulating activity is not related to prostatic polyamine concentration. Experiments also show the activity is not due to human prostatic acid phosphatase. A prostatic growth factor may explain the growth of fibrous nodules in benign prostatic hyperplasia and the osteoblastic response of bone to prostatic cancer. PMID- 6969487 TI - Pathologic and immunologic considerations in malakoplakia. AB - A case of malakoplakia of the kidney is presented. Purified plasma membranes from the malakoplakia lesions stimulate blast transformation of the patient's autologous lymphocytes indicating the persistence of bacterial antigens which stimulate primarily thymus-derived lymphocytes. The skin test immunologic competence of the patient and the peripheral blood monocyte chemotactic response were normal. The pathologic findings and these immunologic studies are discussed in relation to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and megalocytic interstitial nephritis and the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6969488 TI - Computer-assisted spirometry data analysis for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-80. PMID- 6969489 TI - [Analysis of deaths after emergency abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6969490 TI - [Modern radiologic diagnosis of tumors of the cerebellar pontine angle]. PMID- 6969491 TI - [Procaine--and its use in general practice]. PMID- 6969492 TI - [Differentiation of Haemophilus influenzae by chemical typing]. PMID- 6969494 TI - [Cytologic and cytochemical studies in Sezary syndrome]. PMID- 6969493 TI - [Cutaneous malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 6969495 TI - [Effects of aortocoronary bypass surgery on left ventricular wall motion. Ventriculographic results (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate the effects of aortocoronary bypass surgery on left ventricular contraction pattern the ventriculograms of 29 patients were analyzed. For the entire group no changes were found by the evaluation of left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction and circumferential fiber-shortening velocity. The analysis of the regional wall motion (number of asynergic segments, ventricular score, percentual shortening of the hemiaxis) demonstrated positive effects on regional contraction pattern--especially in subgroups. We conclude: 1. a normal left ventricular function associated with successful bypass grafting remains unchanged postoperatively (n = 8); 2. occluded grafts result in a depression of left ventricular function, sometimes accompanied by perioperative myocardial infarctions (n = 13); 3. in a high degree (75%) it is possible to improve or normalize a preoperative depressed ventricular performance in patients without electrocardiographic evidence of a myocardial infarction (n = 12); 4. patients with preoperative myocardial infarctions and successful bypass surgery can have beneficial effects on left ventricular function by an increase in wall motion in additional areas with asynergy without infarction scare (n = 4). PMID- 6969496 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201 for evaluation of the patency of aorto coronary bypasses in multiple vessel disease and multiple bypasses (author's transl)]. AB - The reliability of myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201 in evaluating the patency of aorto-coronary bypasses was examined. In addition to coronary angiography and ventriculography in 16 patients (42 stenosed vessels, 36 bypasses of which 22 were patent) quantitative myocardial scintigraphy was performed after maximum exercise and at rest, pre- and postoperatively. In general, 12 patients with postoperatively improved angina showed an improvement in their scintigram. The analysis of myocardial areas with a bypass showed a decrease of thallium uptake at rest in 39%, regardless of patency occlusion of the bypass. In 85% of these regions an increased thallium uptake was seen after exercise, again independent of the function of the bypass. The data show that myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201 cannot be utilized in patients with multiple vessel disease and multiple bypasses to evaluate the patency of a particular bypass, but a general assessment is possible, whether myocardial perfusion has improved. PMID- 6969497 TI - The incidence of colour-blindness among different dialect groups of Chinese, Malay and Indian schoolboys in Singapore. PMID- 6969498 TI - [Progress in surgery in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6969499 TI - [Clinical and physiological analysis of the cerebral mechanisms of the phantom pain syndrome and the principles of treating it by electrical stimulation of the deep brain structures]. PMID- 6969500 TI - [Clinical immunological studies in psoriasis]. PMID- 6969502 TI - [Electromedical methods for pain reduction during delivery (author's transl)]. AB - The authors of this paper interviewed 200 pregnant women and another 200 patients on their own maternity ward to find out about their views and wishes regarding pain reducing procedures during delivery, with or without reduced consciousness in the course of labour. Only 13 per cent of them wanted to sleep during delivery, while almost 90 per cent insisted on being kept fully alert and on playing an active role in childbirth.--Yet, there has been growing demand for analgetic treatment among maternity ward patients, which, obviously, has been attributable to birth trauma. For example, the percentage of women who asked for peridural anaesthesia grew from 36 ante-partum to 64 post-partum.--The replies given by the patients then were related by the authors to the results of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) and cerebral electric stimulation (CES). Both methods had good effects on more than 50 per cent of the cases and partial effects on 25 to 30 per cent.--The authors feel that those no-risk simple methods should give good results in most cases in terms of less labour pain with full consciousness. Other methods, with higher risk, might be reserved for patients on whom simple methods fail. PMID- 6969501 TI - [Ontogenetic changes in the defensive reactions of edible snails]. PMID- 6969504 TI - [Morphologic manifestations of intercellular interaction in the organs of immunogenesis]. AB - The morphological manifestations of intercellular contacts in guinea-pigs after the subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg of BCG culture were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The morphological links between T-cells and B lymphocytes, between B-lymphocytes and macrophages, as well as among individual macrophages were revealed. The intercellular links were shown to have different morphological manifestations depending on the type of cells and their localization in the organ. Thus, in the capillary lumen and the thymus cavity the formation of cytoplasmic bridges between the above-mentioned cells was revealed; in the stroma of the organ the formation of linking structures, similar to closing plates, between lymphocytes was observed. An increase in the number of micropinocytosis bubbles in the contact zone indicated the increased permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane and the intensified exchange processes between the cells. PMID- 6969503 TI - [Certain indices of cell-mediated immunity among brucellosis patients who were vaccinated and react positively to brucellin]. AB - A significant decrease in the absolute content of T-lymphocytes and an increase in the percentage of macrophages were revealed in patients with acute and chronic brucellosis, persons vaccinated with live brucellosis vaccine and in persons with a positive reaction to brucellin. At the peak of acute brucellosis infection and at an early period following immunization with live brucellosis vaccine a high percentage of cases showing the presence of T-lymphocytes sensitized to brucellosis antigen was observed. PMID- 6969505 TI - [Methodologic features of the production of heterologous antisera to human T- and B-lymphocytes and evaluation of their specificity]. AB - Antisera to human B-lymphocytes were obtained by immunization of rabbits with lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood taken from healthy persons and patients having chronic lympholeukosis with B-cell proliferation. These antisera were subjected to adsorption on human erythrocytes, liver and thymocytes. The specificity of B-lymphocyte antiserum was evaluated in the E- and EAC-rosette formation inhibition test and by the comparison of the number of lymphocytes revealed in the cytotoxic test with EAC-rosette-forming cells. Besides the above mentioned tests, the specificity of rabbit antiserum to human thymocyte membranes was also determined in the test of inhibiting T-lymphocyte stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The antisera thus obtained were specific, in definite dilutions, to human T- and B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6969506 TI - [Lymphocyte sensitization to lepromin in patients with polar types of leprosy]. PMID- 6969507 TI - [Number and specific reactivity of T- and B-lymphocytes in guinea pigs with experimental brucellosis]. PMID- 6969508 TI - [Relationship between the nature of the process and duration of treatment and the response of immunocompetent cells in patients with chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 6969509 TI - [Effect of homologous n-alkanoic acids on the function of isolated skeletal muscles. IV. Effect of Na-octanoate on action potentials]. AB - Na-octanoate decreases the amplitude, the rate of rise, and the rate of repolarization of the action potential of isolated frog skeletal muscle fibres. The threshold for excitation is increased but the conduction velocity of the action potential is decreased by octanoate. The effects depend on both the concentration of the fatty acid (0.5-8 mM) and the time of exposure (5-20 min). It is suggested that octanoate alters the conductance changes associated with a membrane action potential. The possible role of an octanoate-induced decrease in Cl(-)-permeability is discussed. PMID- 6969510 TI - Transmitters and/or metal atoms in muscle mechanics. AB - Acetylcholine in concentrations of 10-5, 2 x 10-5, 5 x 10-5 and 10-4 in normal Ringer's solution causes contracture of different muscles of Rana esculenta. The similar effect brought about by KCl solution does not necessarily mean the same basic process leading to similar changes in muscle mechanics. Experiments made on many particular questions of muscle mechanics will possibly clarify the real role of single factors (e.g. transmitters, kations, anions, acids, alkalis. ATP, heat etc.) changing the mechanical state of muscular organs. PMID- 6969511 TI - Bound potassium in muscle II. AB - Experiments were performed to decide between the alternatives a) the ionized K+ is in a dissolved state in the muscle water, or b) a part of the muscle potassium is in a "bound' state. Sartorius muscles of Rana esculenta were put into glicerol for about one hour at 0-2 degrees C. Most of muscle water came out, but most of muscle potassium remained in the muscles. In contrast to this: from muscle in heat rigor more potassium was released due to glicerol treating than from the intact ones. 1. Supposition a) is experimentally refuted. 2. Supposition b) corresponds to the experimental results. PMID- 6969512 TI - K and Ca in muscle mechanics, II. K-contracture. AB - K-rich solution, the isotony of which corresponds to normal Ringer's solution, was used in our experiments: 4.59 g KCl + 40.5 g saccharose, 1000 ml bidistilled water. Freshly prepared living muscles of Rana esculenta (m. sartorius, m. iliofibularis, m. peroneus, m. tibialis, m. gastrocnemius, m. semimembranosus) got into K-contracture in this solution, but they relaxed within some minutes. In muscles of dead frog (which canno tbe stimulated with 110 V a.c.) the K-rich solution did not elicit contracture, i.e. on the one hand K-contracture could be observed only in living muscle and on the other hand, the muscles did not lose their excitability after the K-contracture had ceased (a.c. 2V). PMID- 6969514 TI - The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the structural integrity of the inner ear labyrinth. AB - The histological appearance of the inner ear labyrinth was examined following ultrasonic irradiation of the vestibule and the cochlea in cats and guinea pigs. Directing ultrasound through the round window towards the ampulla of the superior semicircular canal produced severe balance dysfunction together with histological damage throughout the vestibular labyrinth. Cochlear damage was restricted to a small region of the basilar membrane proximal to the round window. When ultrasonic energy was directed into the cochlea cellular disruption extended over an area of at least two cochlear turns and included changes in the stria vascularis as well as to hair cells. The outer hair cells were found to be more sensitive than the inner hair cells to the damaging effects of ultrasound. PMID- 6969516 TI - The role of the vestibular system in relation to muscle tone and postural reflexes in man. PMID- 6969513 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of bone. AB - Forty-three patients with histologically proven Histiocytosis X localized to bone at presentation have been reviewed. Thirty-six patients presented with solitary bone lesions and 31 have healed without complication with a mean follow-up of 10 years. The remaining five patients developed polyostotic disease, three exhibiting either pulmonary lesions or diabetes insipidus. Seven patients presented with multiple bone lesions and six of them developed other bone lesions. Four of these patients also showed some of the features of Hand-Schuller Christian disease. An increase in size of the presenting bone lesion within a few months of biopsy heralded the subsequent development of further bone or soft tissue lesions and was the only feature of prognostic value. PMID- 6969515 TI - The mechanism of physiological height vertigo. I. Theoretical approach and psychophysics. AB - A theory is presented supporting a geometrical explanation of physiological height vertigo as a 'distance vertigo' created by visual destabilization of posture when the distance between the observer and visible stationary contrasts becomes critically large. Though height vertigo is generally regarded as a psychopathological process, we hypothesize that it might instead result from an intersensory mismatch when visual information is at variance with vestibular and proprioceptive inputs. Psychophysical experiments confirming the hypothesis revealed that: 1) height vertigo is clearly related to body position, being the greatest in the upright stance; 2) it is the eye-object distance rather than the direction of gaze which is critical; 3) there is a saturation of height vertigo magnitude. Subjective vertigo increases with increasing altitude only below 20 metres. Physiological 'distance vertigo' must be distinguished from psychological 'acrophobia'. Its postural consequences may be ameliorated by strategies gleaned from knowledge of its mechanism such as providing nearby stationary contrasts in the peripheral visual field. PMID- 6969518 TI - Embryologic development in vivo and in vitro of the dark cell region of the mammalian crista ampullaris. AB - The area comprising the dark cells around vestibular organs was analysed with regard to embryologic development and maturation from the 13th gestational day (otocyst stage) (CBA/CBA mouse) to birth at the 21st gestational day when the organ reveals a morphologic maturation of inner ear gross structure and as also cytodifferentiation of vestibular hair cells. The development occurred parallel in vivo and in vitro. Electron-optically dense pigments below the dark cell region were first identified on the 15th gestational day. On the 16th gestational day the future dark cells have their mitochondria accumulated to the infranuclear region of the cell. From the 17th day onward, intercellular spaces develop close to the basal membrane, forming at birth a meshwork of interdigitations. Prior to birth the future dark cells reveal an increase in electron density after staining. At birth the morphological configuration of the dark cell area appeared quite mature. PMID- 6969517 TI - The mechanism of physiological height vertigo. II. Posturography. AB - In order to validate the hypothesis that height vertigo is based on visual destabilization of free stance when the distance between eye and object becomes critically large, several of its consequences were demonstrated in posturographic experiments: (1) Visual signals conflicting with simultaneous vestibular and somatosensory inputs provided by sinusoidally tilting rooms may destabilize postural sway in the fore-aft as well as in the lateral direction. (2) In natural surrounding sway amplitudes increase with increasing eye-object distance up to 5 meters. Thus, teleologically, subjective height vertigo serves as an appropriate warning signal to withdraw the body from a stimulus situation inducing postural imbalance. (3) Postural height vertigo problems can be alleviated (a) by adjusting the head relative to the gravitational vector, and (b) by the presence of nearby stationary contrasts in the visual periphery according to the dominance of retinal periphery for dynamic spatial orientation. PMID- 6969519 TI - Studies of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and visual-vestibular interactions during active head movements. AB - The ratio of slow phase eye speed to head speed (Gain) during voluntary sinusoidal head rotations at 0.33, 0.67 and 1.0 Hz was studied in normal subjects under various target presentations. With mental arithmetic in the dark, the mean value of the Gain was 0.8 irrespective of turning frequencies. When subjects looked at or imagined (in the dark) a spatially fixed target, the Gain was always maintained at unity. The Gain measured with a head-fixed target was 0.22, 0.33 and 0.54 at 0.33, 0.67 and 1.0 Hz, respectively. However, imagining a target in this condition failed to suppress the Gain obtained with mental arithmetic in the dark. When a target moved twice as fast as the head (pursuit of the reflected image in a head-fixed mirror), the Gain was -0.60, -0.11 and 0.38 at 0.33, 0.67 and 1.0 Hz, respectively. PMID- 6969520 TI - Induced vestibular dysfunction in squirrel monkeys during rapid decompression. AB - The symptoms of postural instability and dizziness associated with decompression sickness could be ascribed to either damage of the vestibular apparatus or to central nervous system damage. However, a histological study of monkeys exposed to decompression reveals that these symptoms primarily result from damage to the vestibular apparatus (unless there are accompanying central deficits). Furthermore, the damage is of a type that causes new bone growth to occlude the otic fluid spaces of the semicircular canals. In some instances, there is sufficient bone growth to render the cristae ampullares as non-functional end organs. Such diminished vestibular function would present a serious threat to the diver. PMID- 6969521 TI - The influence of ultrasound and temperature on the cochlear microphonic response following a round window irradiation. AB - Impairment of cochlear function was investigated following ultrasonic irradiation of the vestibule and the cochlea through the round window in cats and guinea pigs. Selective destruction of the vestibular balance mechanism with negligible impairment of cochlear microphonic response was achieved, provided that the ultrasound beam was directed away from the cochlea and towards the ampulla of the superior semicircular canal. Directing ultrasound into the cochlea produced a depression in C.M. which was greatest in the higher frequency responsive area corresponding to the region of the first two cochlear turns. The degree of cochlear microphonic depression increased as the duration of irradiation was extended. The occurrence of a significant temperature increase accompanying the application of ultrasound implicated the involvement of a thermal mechanism in addition to the mechanical disruptive effect of ultrasound. PMID- 6969522 TI - PPD testing as a diagnostic aid in non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis. Clinical and immunological investigations in 4 children with cervical lymphadenitis. AB - Four children suffering from unilateral cervical lymphadenitis with histopathological changes typical of mycobacteriosis were seen during a short time. None of the Children had been BCG vaccinated. Mycobacteria belonging to the Myobacterium aviumintracellulare complex were isolated from excised lymph nodes in two of the patients. Intracutaneous tests with PPD from M. tuberculosis were negative in all the children, whereas two children responded to each of 3 PPDs prepared from atypical mycobacteria. Two patients were unreactive in all the skin tests. Lymphocyte transformation tests in vitro with a battery of various PPDs indicated sensitization to atypical mycobacteria in two children, one of which was negative in the skin tests. All the patient had normal plasma Ig concentrations but two patients had low proportions of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. One of these also had reduced total numbers of T cells. Nevertheless, lymphocyte responses in vitro to phytohaemagglutinin were normal in all the children. The results show that cutaneous and in vitro tests with a battery of different PPDs have a place as diagnostic adjuncts in atypical mycobacteriosis. We suggest that immunological competence is analysed in such patients. PMID- 6969523 TI - Hepatic fibrosis. The relation between proliferating bile ductules and alpha1 antitrypsin. AB - Since there is a remarkable increase in connective tissue around the proliferating bile ductules in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, the participation of proliferating bile ductules in hepatic fibrosis has been discussed by many during the past. With the use of immunofluorescent method, the present authors have recently succeeded in detecting alpha1-antitrypsin, a protease inhibitor, in the epithelial cells of proliferating bile ductules and a portion of the hepatocytes connected with these epithelial cells. When considering the posibility of alpha1-antitrypsin being secreted into the interstitial tissue, it is conceivable that this glycoprotein plays an important role in restraining collagenase activity, which takes part in the degradation of collagen, and leads to abnormal proliferation of collagen. PMID- 6969524 TI - A new hypothesis for alloxan diabetes. AB - A new hypothesis ("Pi-pH hypothesis") for alloxan diabetes is presented. It is based upon data from our own studies and from the literature. The following data and interpreatations are assumed to be of special importance for the B cytotoxicity of alloxan: Inhibition of a mitochondrial sulfhydryl dependent transport system for inorganic phosphate (Pi) leading to increased concentration of Pi and decreased pH in the cytosol, and to inhibition of NAD-dependent oxidations and oxidative phosphorylation; mitochondrial lesion because of altered localization and concentration of Pi; inhibited synthesis and glucose induced release of insulin, at least partly due to a fall in intracellular pH; and finally necrosis because of absent mitochondrial function. An inverse relationship between Pi and pH may exist in the B-cells; alloxan sensitivity being associated with high Pi and low pH. Alloxan antagonism may be due to induction of low Pi and high pH in the cytosol. The selectivity of the B-cell for alloxan is believed to be associated with its free permeability for glucose. PMID- 6969525 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin globules in liver biopsies. AB - In order to examine the frequency of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency of phenotype Pi-Z in a consecutive liver biopsy material, PAS/diastase resistent globules with positive immunohistochemical reaction for AAT (AAT globules) were used as a marker of the Pi-Z gene. 34 (4%) of 850 liver biopsies contained AAT globules. More than half of the biopsies with globules had chief histological diagnoses within the groups fibrosis, suspicion of cirrhosis and cirrhosis. Micronodular cirrhosis was significantly more frequent in biopsies with AAT globules. The results support the assumption that AAT deficiency of phenotype Pi Z as well in homozygous as heterozygous form is associated with development of liver cirrhosis. PMID- 6969526 TI - Bacteria associated with acute otitis media have high Clq binding capacity. AB - A simple, rapid and sensitive radioimmunologic method for demonstrating Clq binding to bacteria is described. Various bacteria were shown to bind Clq without the participation of antibodies. Great differences in Clq binding levels between different types and strains of S. pneumoniae were found. A high uptake of Clq was observed for many pneumococcal strains of type VI, XIX and XXIII and also for non typable strains of H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis. Other bacteria tested, including H. influenzae types a-f, demonstrated less capacity to bind Clq. PMID- 6969527 TI - Characterization of the bactericidal antibody response against Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Rabbits were used in a study of the bactericidal (BC) antibody response against Haemophilus influenzae of types a and b and their respective non-capsulated variant strains. Previously described methods, complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination, were used for comparison. A bactericidal antibody response was demonstrable within a week after the primary immunization against capsulated as well as non-capsulated bacteria. After the hyperimmunization course the BC titres against noncapsulated bacteria were about 1:4,000, while the BC titres against the capsulated - type a and b-strains reached levels of no less than 1:30,000. Samples of separated hyperimmune sera showed BC activity in IgM- as well as IgG containing fractions, whereas the BC activity of primary response samples was demonstrable mainly in IgM-containing fractions. The BC effect on non-capsulated bacteria of primary response samples were more heat labile than those obtained after hyperimmunization. In immune sera a crossreactive BC activity was demonstrable on non-capsulated bacteria, the titre being 32-64-fold lower than that of the homologous activity. PMID- 6969528 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in man: characterization of in vivo-educated, alloreactive, cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - Alloreactive cytotoxic lymphocytes present in peripheral blood of two normal humans have been studied by rosette fractionation experiments. It is shown that the effector cells, have receptors for SRBC, low avidity FcR, are nylon non adherent and without CR. These results reveal a phenotype of membrane markers which is very much like the phenotypes of the major part of K cells, NK cells and the effector cells in mitogen induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity, indicating a common ancestor in the immune system. From a functional point of view all these cytotoxic effector cells may be T cells, some specific others non specific, in parallel to T helper and suppressor lymphocytes. PMID- 6969530 TI - Depression of mechanical performance by active shortening during twitch and tetanus of vertebrate muscle fibres. AB - Shortening during activity of frog single muscle fibres caused a graded depression of the contractile force that persisted for 800-900 ms during a partially fused or completely fused tetanus. The depression of force was not associated with a change of the shortening velocity at zero load. Passive shortening performed just before stimulation had no effect on the subsequent course of contraction. The decrease in isometric force produced by shortening was not significantly affected by a stretch applied immediately before or after the shortening was not significantly affected by a stretch applied immediately before or after the shortening phase. For a given amount of shortening the depressant effect during a fused tetanus was 8-28% of that produced during a twitch. The effect was substantially reduced, both during twitch and tetanus, in the presence of 0.5 mM caffeine. The length dependence of the movement effect was studied between 1.7 and 2.9 micrometer sarcomere spacing. Maximum depression of force (in per cent of the control at each length) was obtained at 2.1-2.2 micrometer sarcomere length, the effect being steadily reduced at shorter and more extended lengths. The Q10 of the depressant effect was 0.95 +/- 0.16 (S.D.). The features of the movement effect are consistent with a true deactivation of the contractile system as would occur if shortening reduced the binding of activator calcium to the regulatory proteins of the myofilaments. PMID- 6969531 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood from schizophrenic patients. AB - Patients with acute and chronic schizophrenia were examined for T and Fc receptor bearing lymphocytes in blood by means of rosette techniques. The patients had normal numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The percentage of T lymphocytes in patients with acute schizophrenia was reduced (60 +/-2%) compared with controls (66 +/- 1%) and patients with chronic schizophrenia (67 +/- 3%). The total number of T lymphocytes was significantly decreased in patients with acute schizophrenia had slightly elevated numbers (1,778 +/- 200 cells/mm3, P less than 0.002). The percentage and total numbers of Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes were normal in both patient groups. Both immune mechanisms and the neuroleptic drug treatment may be of importance for the observed decrease in T lymphocyte numbers in blood from patients with acute schizophrenia. PMID- 6969529 TI - Prostaglandins and the cardiotoxic effects of doxepin in rabbits and guinea-pigs. AB - Intravenous administration of tricyclic antidepressants to rabbits leads to dysrhythmias largely attributable to their non-specific membrane effects. Further experiments with doxepin (Dx) were conducted to assess an eventual contribution by prostaglandins (PG) to these events. Dx infused intravenously to conscious or anaesthetized guinea-pigs proved as cardiotoxic as amitriptyline but more toxic than protriptyline, thus confirming our previous results in rabbits. PG F2 alpha given intravenously before or during the Dx infusion failed to antagonize cardiotoxicity. In conscious rabbits, pretreatment with drugs (aminophenazon, indomethacin, tolfenamic acid) known to inhibit PG synthesis failed to modify the Dx cardiotoxicity as also did PG F2 alpha which elevated blood pressure, however. PG F2 alpha also failed to counteract the ouabain cardiotoxicity in anaesthetized guinea-pigs and major Ba++-induced dysrhythmias in conscious rabbits. Our results suggest that a) at least Dx induced dysrhythmias are unresponsive to PGs, and that b) previous speculations about PGs as antiarrhythmic agents may be exaggerated. PMID- 6969532 TI - A collaborative study of genetic linkage of bipolar manic-depressive illness and red/green colorblindness. A project of the biological psychiatry collaborative program of the world health organization. AB - A study of linkage of bipolar manic-depressive illness to the protan/deutan colorblindness region of the X-chromosome was performed on 16 informative families, in a WHO collaborative study (eight families from Brussels, Six from Bethesda, one each from Basel and Copenhagen). Overall, the series did not support close linkage, but is possibly suggestive of loose linkage. The possibility of genetic heterogeneity of bipolar manic-depressive illness, with one form linked to colorblindness, is considered. PMID- 6969533 TI - Epidural spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of neurogenic bladder. AB - The effect of percutaneous epidural spinal cord stimulation on neurogenic bladder has been evaluated on the basis of objective clinical and urodynamic criteria. Seven patients suffering from stable bladder and sphincter dysfunction due to spinal cord diseases of different causes of non-evolutive nature were examined. In some of them chronic pain or substantially improved micturition in six of our seven patients. Complete or almost complete relief of bladder spasticity, marked increase of bladder capacity, and reduction or abolition of residual urine were recorded. The beneficial effect on bladder and sphincter function is strictly dependent on the stimulation, though it can outlast it. It requires some weeks to reach its maximum. It is still obtained after 22 months of treatment (longest present follow-up). No changes of straital activity and detrusor reflex were produced by spinal cord stimulation in two additional patients, treated for chronic pain but having intact bladder function. PMID- 6969534 TI - Epidermoids of the cerebellopontine angle (cpa): usefulness of CT scan. PMID- 6969535 TI - Small intensely fluorescent cells and the generation of slow postsynaptic inhibition in sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 6969536 TI - Effects of ibotenic acid on amphibian and mammalian spinal neurones in vitro. PMID- 6969537 TI - Distribution of exogenous labeled palmitate in ischemic myocardium: Implications for positron emission transaxial tomography. PMID- 6969538 TI - Perturbations in S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine metabolism: effects on transmethylation. PMID- 6969539 TI - Antipenicillinase in the serum of dairy cows. PMID- 6969540 TI - Of saphenous vein arteriosclerosis. PMID- 6969541 TI - Amount of narrowing by atherosclerotic plaque in 44 nonbypassed and 52 bypassed major epicardial coronary arteries in 32 necropsy patients who died within 1 month of aortocoronary bypass grafting. AB - In 32 necropsy patients who died within 30 days of an aortocoronary bypass operation performed for relief of angina pectoris, the lumens in 42 (95 percent) of 44 nonbypassed and in 52 (100 percent) or 52 bypassed arteries were narrowed 76 to 100 percent in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaque. Of 616 five mm segments of the 44 nonbypassed arteries examined histologically, 292 (47 percent) were narrowed 76 to 100 percent in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaque; of 728 segments examined in the 52 bypassed arteries, 375 (52 percent) were similarly narrowed. Thirty-two (73 percent) of the 44 nonbypassed coronary arteries (in 23 patients) had been judged to be narrowed 50 percent or less in diameter on preoperative coronary angiography, but at necropsy 31 (97 percent) of these arteries were narrowed 76 to 100 percent in cross sectional area and the other artery was narrowed 51 to 75 percent. Thus, significant amounts of atherosclerotic plaque tend to be present at necropsy in all three major coronary systems of patients with angina pectoris who die early after an aortocoronary bypass operation. PMID- 6969542 TI - Determination of tolerance to antibiotic bactericidal activity on Kirby-Bauer susceptibility plates. AB - A rapid method utilizing Kirby-Bauer susceptibility plates was developed to determine bacterial tolerance to antibiotic bactericidal activity. After completion of initial antibiotic disk susceptibility testing, the disks containing cephalothin, cefazolin, nafcillin, oxacillin, and methicillin were removed and replaced with disks containing a potent beta-lactamase. The plates were reincubated for 18-24 hours and examined for regrowth of organisms within the original zone of inhibition. For 15 of 16 patients who had serious Staphylococcus aureus infections, the method correlated with clinical outcome of antibiotic chemotherapy. Broth dilution tests for bactericidal activity only correlated with clinical response for 11 of 16 patients. One hundred consecutive clinical S. aureus isolates tested with the new method demonstrated tolerance in 27% of strains to cephalothin, 15% to cefazolin, 1% to oxacillin, and 2% of nafcillin. PMID- 6969543 TI - Scintigraphic identification of bleeding duodenal varices. A case report. AB - In this case of active gastrointestinal bleeding, randionuclide blood pool scintigraphy localized the bleeding to the region of the duodenum. Celiac and superior and inferior mesenteric arteriography did not identify the site of bleeding; however, bleeding duodenal varices were found at the time of surgery. The potential role of radionuclides in the management of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, especially with bleeding from varices, is discussed. PMID- 6969544 TI - Consideration of blood loss at delivery as percentage of estimated blood volume. AB - It is recommended that blood loss at delivery be evaluated in terms of percentage of estimated blood volume rather than in terms of volume only. Estimated blood volume in milliliters per kilogram may be calculated by the following formula: (formula: see text). It is recommended that postpartum hemorrhage be defined as a loss of blood at delivery of greater than 15% of the total estimated blood volume. PMID- 6969545 TI - Interrelationships of human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein throughout normal human gestation. AB - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), and pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PSBG) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 270 samples of serum from women with uncomplicated pregnancies. All three proteins were significantly correlated with each other in individual samples of serum and with the estimated trophoblastic mass during the first trimester. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between the concentrations of hCG and PSBG in maternal serum during the second or third trimesters or between the concentrations of hCG and hPL during the second trimester. Levels of PSBG and hPL in serum were significantly correlated throughout all three trimesters. These findings suggest that the secretion of hCG, hPL, and PSBG may be regulated by similar control mechanisms during the first trimester of pregnancy. However, after this period, the factors that modulate the production of hCG differ from those that regulate the production of hPL and PSBG. PMID- 6969546 TI - Orbital carcinoid tumor. PMID- 6969547 TI - Abnormal product of corneal explants from patients with macular corneal dystrophy. AB - The glycosaminoglycans synthesized by 5 corneal explants with macular corneal dystrophy were analyzed by sequential degradation using heparitinase (and/or butyl nitrite), chondroitin ABC lyase, chondroitin AC lyase, and keratan sulfate endo-beta-galactosidase. The tissue was first pulse-labeled by incubation in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.3) containing 100 muCi/ml 3H-glucosamine and approximately 1000 muCi/ml 35S-sulfate for 1 hour and chased with Eagle's minimum essential medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. Notable differences were detected between the products of these corneal explants with macular corneal dystrophy and controls that were prepared and analyzed in the same manner. As assayed by its susceptibility to keratan sulfate endo-beta-galactosidase degradation, corneal tissue with macular corneal dystrophy incorporated less 35S sulfate, and usually less 3H-glucosamine, into keratan sulfate than normal corneas. The corneal explants with macular corneal dystrophy also synthesized prominent fractions which eluted from DEAE-Sephacel columns in 0.05 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer (pH 7.2) with 0.15 M and/or 0.25 M lithium chloride after pronase digestion. Since normal corneas produced small quantities of material with a similar elution profile after preparation and analysis under identical conditions it is possible that the fractions are normal synthetic products of the cornea. The significance of these findings in the pathogenesis of macular corneal dystrophy remains to be determined. PMID- 6969548 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma of the T cell type: an ultrastructural study of five cases. AB - Ultrastructural studies of five T cell immunoblastic sarcomas revealed morphologic features that uniquely distinguished this variant of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Immunoblastic sarcomas of T cell type were characterized by large lymphoid cells with striking electron-lucent cytoplasm with few organelles. Neoplastic cells of B cell immunoblastic sarcomas (5 cases) clearly differed, in that they contained numerous cytoplasmic polysomal aggregates and long, irregular strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum, occasionally with dilated cisternae. Light microscopic features were correlated with these ultrastructural distinctions. T immunoblasts correspond to large lymphoid cells with pale to clear cytoplasm, in contrast to B immunoblasts, which exhibit amphophilic cytoplasm and/or plasmacytoid differentiation. These morphologic characteristics may be helpful in identification and classification of immunoblastic sarcomas of T and B cell types. PMID- 6969549 TI - Role of nutrient HCO3(-) in protection of amphibian gastric mucosa. AB - In in vitro bullfrog fundic mucosa inhibited with 10(-3) M metiamide and exposed to a luminal pH of 2 a progressive slow decline in potential difference (PD) and short-circuit current (Isc) and a rise in resistance (R) were observed when the nutrient solution (N) contained 18 mM HCO3(-), but these changes were restored by an N containing 50 mM HCO3(-). Substitution of PO4(3-) or N-tris(hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid for NHO3(-) in N caused a rapid drop in PD and Isc in inhibited tissues, changes that could be prevented by 10(-4) M histamine. Ulceration occurred more frequently in metiamide-inhibited gastric sacs exposed to artificial gastric juice with an N of 18 mMHCO3(-) than with 50 mM HCO3(-), but histamine prevented ulceration in the 18 mM HCO3(-) solution. JnetCl approximated Isc under most experimental conditions in inhibited mucosa and was reduced dramatically as were both Jn leads to sCl and Js leads to nCl when HCO3( ) was removed from N. In histamine-stimulated tissues, removal of nutrient HCO3( ) did not influence Cl- transport. Our results are consistent with the proposal that HCO3(-) in N supports normal Cl- flux and that the alkaline tide of actively secreting oxyntic cells can do the same in the absence of ambient HCO3(-). PMID- 6969550 TI - Aminoglycoside ototoxicity. AB - Aminoglycoside antibiotics are frequently employed in the treatment of serious infections caused by aerobic gram negative bacilli. The use of these potent antibacterial agents is limited by the risks of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Aminoglycosides are excreted by glomerular filtration at a rate proportional to the serum concentration. Impaired renal excretion reduces the rate of clearance from the serum. Utilizing information about aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics, the susceptibility of infecting pathogens to aminoglycosides, and risk factors for ototoxicity, physicians can attempt to optimize the administratioin of an aminoglycoside to maximize the therapeutic efficacy and to minimize the risk of ototoxicity. Periodic assessments of renal function and of aminoglycoside levels in the serum are essential to guide therapy. The otolaryngologist and audiologist must be able to provide information about ototoxicity to medical colleagues using these drugs. They should also be prepared to evaluate and follow patients who develop sensorineural inner ear dysfunction during or after a course of therapy with an aminoglycoside antibiotic. PMID- 6969551 TI - Designing a better postural measurement system. AB - For more than a century the phenomenon of postural sway has attracted the attention of neurologists, control engineers, and otoneurologists, because body sway provides a global assessment of the sensorimotor systems involved in postural control. This article presents an overview of the history of body sway studies, highlighting some of the shortcomings of past techniques. Spurred on by these shortcomings, we specified design criteria for a better postural measurement system. The system has been implemented, and some of the preliminary applications are detailed that demonstrate the utility of our approach. PMID- 6969552 TI - Brainstem evoked response audiometry in confirmed eighth nerve tumors. AB - Brainstem evoked response audiometry has been described as an effective predictor of eighth nerve disease. This study reports audiologic findings in 52 cases of surgically confirmed eighth nerve and cerebellopontine angle tumors. The results of brainstem audiometry were consistent with an eighth nerve lesion in 51 cases. Its use in site of lesion tests is highly recommended. PMID- 6969554 TI - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation in post-thoracotomy pain relief. PMID- 6969553 TI - Identification of the location of vestibular lesions on the basis of vestibulo ocular reflex measurements. AB - Quantitative analysis of electro-oculographic recordings of eye movement in response to precise visual and vestibular stimuli makes possible the differentiation of three categories of vestibular syndromes due to pathological changes in three different parts of the visual vestibulo-ocular reflex arc: (1) decreased vestibulo-ocular reflex gain (e.g., decrease in slow component velocity), but normal fast components and visual-vestibular interaction (labyrinth and eighth nerve); (2) normal slow component velocity but abnormal fast components to all stimuli (pontine or medullar reticular formation); and (3) normal slow component velocity to vestibulo-ocular stimulaton but abnormal visual vestibular interaction as well as normal fast components (visual-motor pathways or cerebellum). PMID- 6969555 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic pain. AB - The results of 7 years experience in treating pain with transcutaneous electrical stimulation are reported. It was used on a group of 74 patients with postherpetic neuralgia and on a mixed group of 161 patients with chronic pain due to other conditions for which other forms of treatment had been unsatisfactory. The patients were lent stimulators and electrodes of various kinds. A half of the patients returned their stimulators after one month, but a quarter of the patients were still using transcutaneous stimulation after 2 years. No particular disease responded better or less well than any other; no particular kind of pain responded particularly well or badly. One third of the patients with postherpetic neuralgia started improving from the commencement of stimulation. PMID- 6969556 TI - Anaesthesia and homocystinuria. PMID- 6969557 TI - A new highly sensitive assay for ethoxycoumarin deethylase in cultured hepatocytes. PMID- 6969558 TI - Ligand binding to macromolecules: determination of binding parameters by combined use of ligand buffers and flow dialysis; application to calcium-binding proteins. PMID- 6969559 TI - Corticosteroids in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Forty-two patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were studied within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. In addition to therapy determined by the attending physician, there was a double blinded administration of either a placebo or methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg intravenously every 6 hours for four doses. This drug had no beneficial effect on infarct size, dysrhythmias, complications, or left ventricular function 2 weeks after infarction. PMID- 6969560 TI - Ontogeny of lymphocyte function in the equine fetus. AB - The capacity of cells from thymus, liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and bone marrow to respond to in vitro phytolectin and allogeneic lymphocyte-stimulation was determined in 16 pony fetuses 61 to 200 days old (gestational age). Phytolectin-responsive cells were detected in the thymus at the 80th gestational day, peripheral blood at 120 days, lymph node at 160 days, and spleen at 200 days. Mixed lymphocyte culture-responsive cells were detected in thymus at 100 days and in the spleen at 200 days (gestational age). Immunoglobulins (Ig) M and IgG were quantitated by radioimmunoassay. They were detected in fetuses prior to 200 days of age. All of 50 normal newborn foals had detectable quantities of IgM (165 +/- 56 micrograms/ml of serum). Quantities of IgG in normal newborn foal serum were lower and more variable. The minimal maximal concentrations of IgG were 2 to 170 micrograms/ml of serum with a mean and SD of 51 +/- 49 micrograms/ml. The results indicate that (1) functional T lymphocytes are present in the fetus by 100 days (gestational age), (2) functional B lymphocytes are present by 200 days, and (3) that foals are immunocompetent before birth. PMID- 6969561 TI - Clostridium difficile-associated cecitis in guinea pigs exposed to penicillin. AB - Penicillin treatment resulted in lethal hemorrhagic cecitis in seven of eight guinea pigs. Cecal contents at necropsy from all seven animals contained a cytopathic toxin which was neutralized by Clostridium sordellii and C difficile antitoxins. Bacteriologic cultural examinations of these specimens yielded penicillin-sensitive strains of C difficile which produced a similar or identical cytotoxin in vitro. Stools obtained before penicillin administration and cecal contents from control animals lacked a cytotoxin and cultures failed to yield C difficile. Intracecal injection of cell-free supernatant of C difficile broth cultures reproduced the lesion noted with penicillin treatment. These results implicate C difficile as an agent of penicillin-induced lethal hemorrhagic cecitis in guinea pigs. PMID- 6969562 TI - Systemic and local lymphocyte responses in experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - The pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis is incompletely understood; cell mediated hypersensitivity mechanisms may be involved, but in vitro correlates have been studied in humans with inconclusive results. We used a rabbit model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis to study systemic and local antigen-specific lymphocyte responses as measured by in vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine. Groups of animals were systemically immunized with ovalbumin and acutely or repeatedly challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin. Lymphocyte responses were measured in peripheral blood, mediastinal and popliteal lymph nodes, bronchus associated lymphoid tissue, and bronchoalveolar wash fluids in these groups and in appropriate control animals. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to specific antigen, shown previously to be a T-cell response in this system, occurred after systemic or inhalation exposure to antigen. Acute alveolitis was associated with a decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte responses and the presence of responsive lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar was fluids. Repeated inhalation challenge thrice weekly for 1 month, with waning of alveolitis, was not associated with significant changes in lymphocyte responsiveness. Antigen specific lymphocyte blastogenesis did not define animals capable of developing alveolitis after aerosol challenge and did not appear, therefore, to distinguish effector cell activity in this model. PMID- 6969564 TI - Leukocyte elastase-like activity in normal persons and in emphysematous patients with and without alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6969563 TI - The influence of smoking habits and body weight on vital capacity and FEV1 in male Air Force personnel: a longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis. AB - Vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) measured in 7,123 men during annual or biennial medical examination were analyzed as a function of age (A), weight (W), and standing height (H). The subjects were grouped according to their smoking habits. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study was performed. Vital capacity and FEV1 were found to increase with age during the first 22 to 23 yr; thereafter, a steady decline was observed, more pronounced in smokers than in nonsmokers. In both longitudinal and cross sectional surveys, body weight influenced the values of VC and FEV1. An increase of weight tended to be accompanied by an increase in VC and FEV1 in the younger, taller, and lighter subjects. This effect lessened and even reversed with increasing age and weight, decreasing height, and heavier smoking (in the longitudinal study). The influence of height on VC and FEV1 appeared to depend markedly on the weight of the subjects. PMID- 6969565 TI - [Occupational systemic lupus due to cosmetics (author's transl)]. AB - A hairdresser with lupus erythematosus noted that acute attacks of his illness always coincided with periods of intense occupational activity. The lupus presented all the biological characteristics of an induced affection, but the patient was not taking medication. The disorder disappeared completely after a period of 4 years, following a change of occupation. The role of aromatic coloring agents is discussed. PMID- 6969566 TI - [Surgical correction for pulmonary origin of the left coronary artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969567 TI - [Possibility of prevention of sudden death by aorto-coronary by-pass (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969568 TI - A follow-up study of coronary bypass patients without patent grafts. AB - A series of 295 coronary bypass patients who had early and late postoperative coronary angiography included 6 cases (2%) whose grafts had all become occluded. These patients were followed up using both functional classification and repeated exercise testing. In three patients the functional classification improved early after surgery (less than or equal to 1 year) with improved exercise capacity in two. Two of these patients had perioperative myocardial infarction. During follow up (3--8 years after surgery) only one of the patients who improved initially retained the improved capacity. There were three deaths. It is concluded that some unsuccessfully revascularized patients exhibit initial improvement which is only exceptionally maintained over longer periods. The likely explanation for pain relief is perioperative myocardial infarction. PMID- 6969569 TI - Cytochemical and immunological aspects of the acute lymphocytic leukemias (as related to FAB classification). AB - The FAB classification of acute leukemias was proposed by a cooperative French American-British group as an easily applied classification useful for uniform assessment of large clinical therapeutic trials. Although the classification is based on morphological criteria, cytochemical, biochemical, immunological and cytogenetic studies supplement the morphologic criteria for accurate identification of the leukemic blasts. The FAB criteria are shown by these supplementary studies to be deficient for classifying the acute lymphocytic leukemias (ALL) since various subgroups of ALL appear in more than one FAB group. Precise definitions of clinical-pathological entities within the framework of the FAB classification are desirable. PMID- 6969570 TI - B and T lymphocytes: quantitation, function, and clinical applicability. AB - Methodologies for T and B lymphocyte quantitation, lymphocyte blast transformation (LBT) and carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism are important for assessing host lymphocyte response in the clinical laboratory. Modifications of methods for each of these techniques are presented. Results from studies of normal ambulatory adults, patients with diabetes mellitus, sickle cell disease and hyperlipidemia are reported. LBT of normal lymphocytes before and after ethanol exposure are examined. LBT during pregnancy is evaluated. T cell populations are abnormally high in black diabetics and decreased in patients with sickle cell anemia. B cell subpopulations are increased in patients with sickle cell anemia. LBT responses are decreased in maturity onset diabetes, during pregnancy and in patients with sickle cell disease. Ethanol in amounts attainable during human consumption results in significantly decreased LBT response. CHO metabolism (especially hexose monophosphate shunt [HMPS] and HMPS by pentose sugar recycling) is abnormal in diabetic lymphocytes. The low HMPS activity is partially reversible by treatment with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Information related to lymphocytes in normal states remains to be collected by further clinical application of these techniques of quantitation and in vitro function. PMID- 6969571 TI - [Action of the antitumor antibiotics, rubomycin and carminomycin, on the T- and B cell population ratio in mouse lymphoid organs]. AB - Quantitative ratios of T- and B-cells in the lymphoid organs of mice were studied comparatively at various periods after administration of rubomycin and carminomycin in maximum tolerated doses, i. e. 20 and 3 mg/kg. It was found that the antibiotics decreased the total number of the cariocytes in these organs and induced irregular elimination of T- and B-cells from the spleen and lymph nodes. Comparison of the time-course of T- and B-lymphocyte population reduction suggested that the cells reduced independently of each other, the reduction rate of B-cells being higher than that of T-cells. PMID- 6969572 TI - [Changes in the T- and B-lymphocyte ratio in bone sarcoma patients before and after carminomycin treatment]. AB - The clinical ratio of T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with osteogenic sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma was studied. Significant changes in the ratio of T- and B-cells was found in the patients in the stage of generalization with metastases to the bones and lungs. During the treatment with carminomycin the relative number of T-cells reached the values close to the normal. The total number of lymphocytes in the blood and the absolute content of T- and B-cells in some patients remained decreased for a long period of time. PMID- 6969574 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility of the cephalosporin Ro 13 9904 to beta-lactamases. AB - The in vitro activity of Ro 13-9904 was assessed against clinical isolated of common bacteria. Its activity against most enterobacteria was similar to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam, but it was even more active than these compounds against all Proteus species. It was also highly active against Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including beta-lactamase producers. Like cefotaxime and moxalactam, Or 13-9904 was approximately eightfold more active than carbenicillin against most isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and also active against highly carbenicillin-resistant isolates, but it was relatively inactive against moderately carbenicillin-resistant isolates. Ro 13-9904 also resembled cefotaxime and moxalactam in that it was active, though less so than cephaloridine, against staphylococci and streptococci, except for methicillin resistant staphylococci and Streptococcus faecalis, which were resistant to it. It was less active than cefoxitin but slightly more active than ampicillin against both Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides spp. Ro 13-9904 was resistant to most beta-lactamases but was attacked by enzymes from B. fragilis, isolates of indole-positive Proteus species, and also by a cefoxitin-hydrolyzing enzyme from an isolate of Enterobacter cloacae. PMID- 6969573 TI - Characterization of three different beta-lactamases from the Bacteroides fragilis group. AB - beta-Lactamases from five strains of Bacteroides fragilis and two strains of Bacteroides uniformis, all resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, were compared by means of isoelectric focusing and enzyme kinetic measurements. beta-Lactamases from the five B. fragilis strains were identical, whereas those from the two B. uniformis strains were distinguished from each other and also from the B. fragilis enzymes. The two B. uniformis strains were relatively resistant to cefoxitin (minimal inhibitory concentration, 32 micrograms/ml), but only one of the strains, B. uniformis 2986, was found to rapidly inactivate cefoxitin. This apparently enzymatic inactivation of cefoxitin seemed to be of minor importance, and the main factor for cefoxitin resistance was considered to be a decreased permeability of the drug. Transfer of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics from these beta-lactamase-producing strains of B. fragilis and B. uniformis to a non beta-lactamase-producing strain of Bacteroides distasonis was attempted, but with these isolates no transfer of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was demonstrated. PMID- 6969575 TI - Effect of clavulanic acid on minimal inhibitory concentrations of 16 antimicrobial agents tested against Legionella pneumophila. AB - A total of 15 Legionella pneumophilia isolated were tested against 16 antimicrobial agents used singly and in combination with clavulanic acid. When combined with clavulanic acid, 4 of the 16 antimicrobial agents produced no enhanced effect. However, the minimal inhibitory concentrations of 12 of the antimicrobial agents were reduced by one-half to one-third when in combination with clavulanic acid. These reductions reflected only a one-dilution decrease, however, in the original minimal inhibitory concentrations. Thus, clavulanic acid combinations appear to be only nominally effective beta-lactamase inhibitors against L. pneumophilia. PMID- 6969576 TI - Animal model distinguishing in vitro from in vivo carbenicillin-aminoglycoside interactions. AB - Aminoglycosides and carbenicillin are frequently co-administered to patients with serious gram-negative infections. Aminoglycosides are inactivated by carbenicillin in vitro, and a loss of antibacterial activity of both antibiotics results. Although these interactions are presumed to occur in vivo, previous studies have not used assay methodology that can distinguish inactivation occurring prior to and during microbiological assay from inactivation in vivo. To address this problem, we gave seven bilaterally nephrectomized mongrel dogs doses designed to achieve simultaneous therapeutic serum concentrations of aminoglycosides and carbenicillin. Serum samples were tested by radioimmunoassay on three occasions: immediately, to determine in vivo interactions, and at 24 h and 1 week to assess the time course of in vitro inactivation. In comparison with immediate radioimmunoassay, gentamicin and tobramycin concentrations decreased by 39 and 53%, respectively, when assayed at 24 h (P < 0.05) and by 75 and 82% when assayed at 7 days (P < 0.001). In contrast, amikacin concentrations were reduced by only 9 and 30% at 24 h and 7 days. Tobramycin concentrations were also determined by immediate microbiological assay and were found to be similar to those in samples stored for 24 h before radioimmunoassay. Immediate radioimmunoassay demonstrated that carbenicillin reduced in vivo serum half-lives of gentamicin and tobramycin by 40% (P < 0.05). The half-life of amikacin in vivo was not significantly altered. In the presence of carbenicillin, amikacin was the most stable aminoglycoside both in vivo and in vitro, and it is the aminoglycoside of choice in patients with renal failure who require this combination. PMID- 6969577 TI - Characterization of chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. AB - We examined nine chloramphenicol-resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration, greater than or equal to 15 micrograms/ml) Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated in various parts of the world to characterize the genetic and biochemical bases of the resistance; four were type b. All nine contained conjugative plasmids, ranging in molecular weight from 34 x 10(6) to 46 x 10(6), which encoded for resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline or chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and ampicillin. Deoxyribonucleic acid homology studies showed that these plasmids were closely related to a previously described ampicillin-resistant plasmid, RSF007, and to each other. All nine isolates and their chloramphenicol-resistant transconjugants produced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. We conclude that chloramphenicol resistance in these strains of H. influenzae is via plasmid-mediated production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. PMID- 6969578 TI - Purification and biochemical properties of beta-lactamase produced by Proteus rettgeri. AB - beta-Lactamase produced by Proteus rettgeri was found to be a typical cephalosporin beta-lactamase on the basis of its substrate hydrolysis profile. The enzyme activity was enhanced by prior treatment with an inducer. The enzyme was purified 166-fold by carboxymethyl-Sephadex column chromatography which indicated that its molecular weight was 42,000 +/- 2,000 and its isoelectric point was 8.7. Cefoperazone, cefoxitin, cefusulodin, cefmetazole, cefotaxime, 6059-S, FK749, YM-09330, carbenicillin, and cloxacillin were stable to this enzyme and possessed the function of competitive inhibition, as shown by their affinity for the beta-lactamase. The enzyme activity was inhibited by iodine, p chloromerburibenzoate, and HG2+ ion. Clavulanic acid and CP-45899 displayed poor inhibitory activity toward this enzyme. The optimal pH was 8.0, and the optimal temperature was 50 degrees C. PMID- 6969579 TI - Influence of food on absorption of erythromycin ethyl succinate. AB - Erythromycin plasma concentrations were determined in 18 subjects after a single dose (800 mg) of a new formulation of erythromycin ethyl succinate taken immediately before, immediately after, and 1 h after food. Adequate absorption occurred with all treatments, although bioavailability was best when the drug was taken before food. Absorption was delayed by food, with the highest and earliest peak plasma erythromycin levels occurring under fasting conditions. PMID- 6969580 TI - Effect of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) on beta-lactamases and activity against beta-lactamase-producing strains. AB - N-Formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) was active against beta-lactamase-producing strains and was an effective inhibitor of beta-lactamases extracted and purified from these strains except for plasmid-mediated penicillinase type IV. PMID- 6969581 TI - Acute pancreatitis associated with pentamidine therapy. AB - Two patients receiving pentamidine isethionate for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii experienced acute pancreatitis temporally related to pentamidine therapy. In one patient, pancreatitis recurred when a second course of pentamidine therapy was given. We discuss pentamidine toxicity. PMID- 6969582 TI - Use of radiologic modalities in coccidioidal meningitis. AB - The diagnostic utility of pentetate indium trisodium in 111 CSF studies, technetium Tc 99m brain scans, and computerized tomographic (CT) scans was evaluated in eight patients in whom coccidioidal meningitis developed following a dust storm in the Central Valley of California. The 111In flow studies and the CT scans demonstrated hydrocephalus in five patients with clinical findings suggesting this complication. Ventriculitis has not previously been diagnosed before death in patients with coccidioidal meningitis; however, it was demonstrated in two patients by the technetium Tc 99m brain scan. Basal meningitis, which is indicative of fungal infection, is also detectable on contrast-enhanced CT scan. The finding that communicating hydrocephalus occurs early in meningitis and interferes with CSF flow into infected basilar regions has important therapeutic implications in that antifungal agents injected into the lumbar subarachnoid space may not reach these regions. PMID- 6969583 TI - Non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas of B-cell lineage with special reference to their lymph node involvement pattern. AB - A total number of 137 lymph nodes from 33 patients with a malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma of B-cell lineage was assessed histologically and immunohistochemically with special reference to the presence or absence of the neoplastic B-cells in the B- and T-cell areas of the lymph nodes as well as inside the post-capillary venules (PCV) of the paracortical areas. The B-cell origin of the lymphomas was confirmed by staining the tissues with an indirect immunoperoxidase technique for the cell surface immunoglobulins. The B-cell areas (cortex and medulla) of the lymph nodes were involved by the lymphoma cells in all studied cases. The T-cell areas (paracortex) were involved in 93.4% of the nodes. Lymphoma cells were encountered inside th PCV in 83.2% of the nodes. Furthermore, fifteen nodes were found where the T-cell area was only partially involved despite the totally involved B-cell areas. The results lend some support to the view that the lymph node involvement by the B-cell neoplasias starts from the B-cell areas. This involvement pattern may be used as an aid in the diagnosis of these lymphomas, and utilized in the study of the circulatory properties of the B-lymphocytes in general. PMID- 6969584 TI - Lyt-1.1 antisera contain antibody against new cell surface alloantigen having wide tissue distribution. AB - Lyt-1.1 antisera produced in Lyt-1 congenic strain combination are contaminated with additional antibody detecting new cell surface alloantigen showing wide tissue distribution. The antibody was detected by complement independent inhibition of colony forming hemopoietic stem cells. Selective absorption experiments and differences in strain distribution prove that the discovered antigen is different from Lyt-1. PMID- 6969585 TI - Activity of cephamandole against some gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci. AB - Sensitivity of cefamandole was tested in 560 strains including staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were highly sensitive to cefamandole; beta-lactamase producers were slightly less sensitive. About 50% of gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to the concentration of cefamandole obtainable in serum, mainly to 15 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6969587 TI - Enterostomal varices secondary to portal hypertension: progression of disease in conservatively managed cases. AB - A follow-up of patients with portal hypertension who were bleeding from enterostomal varices in ileostomies or colostomies demonstrated the progression of disease and poor prognosis. Repeated episodes of hemorrhage became more frequent, liver function deteriorated, and death from hepatic failure finally occurred. The hemorrhagic episodes seemed to contribute to the deterioration of the patients' conditions. Portasystemic shunting to eliminate enterostomal bleeding should be considered for the patient who is an acceptable operative risk. If major surgery is contraindicated, local hemostatic measures offer, temporarily, palliative alleviation of bleeding, but the ultimate prognosis is grave. PMID- 6969586 TI - Studies on immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effect of adriamycin. AB - The analysis of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effect of adriamycin in vivo was carried out. Adriamycin restrains blast reaction and decreases the building in of H3 thymidine to the nucleus of lymphocytes. At the same time it decreases the number of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood but it does not influence the level of T lymphocytes. Adriamycin restrains also nonspecific inflammatory reactions reducing the intensity of inflammatory reactions induced by xylene and carrageenin. It also reduces the inflammatory process of granulation. It does not affect histamine and prostaglandin receptors. After discussing the results it was noted that cytostatic effect of adriamycin is accompanied by immunosuppressive and inflammatory components. PMID- 6969588 TI - Outcome of operations for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. AB - The outcome of operations for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding during a six year period was compared with that of the previous four years, in which indications for operation and guidelines for surgical procedures were similar. Between 1973 and 1978, 392 patients were hospitalized for hemorrhage. Endoscopy diagnosed a bleeding lesion in 92% of 234 patients studied. Of 75 patients (19%) who required operation for uncontrollable hemorrhage, 20 (27%) died and two (3%) rebled postoperatively. Most deaths (80%) were caused by esophageal variceal bleeding. Among 47 patients with nonvariceal hemorrhage, mortality was only 9%. No patient with stress ulcer bleeding was encountered. Compared with our 1969 to 1972 experience, the present study shows no improvement in overall mortality. Rebleeding was less frequent than earlier. The most significant differences in outcome were decreased mortality in alcoholic gastritis patients, no deaths from stress ulcer, and increased mortality after portosystemic shunting. Endoscopy, used frequently from 1973 to 1978, helped to improve preoperative diagnostic rates (85% vs 65%). Combined with innovations in nonoperative treatment, such as infusion of vasopressin, it did not appear to decrease the proportion of patients requiring operation. PMID- 6969589 TI - Caecal arterio-venous malformation: an uncommon cause of iron deficiency anaemia. PMID- 6969590 TI - The temporal structure of motivation. III. Identification and ecological significance of ultradian rhythms of intracranial reinforcement. PMID- 6969591 TI - Mitochondrial protein synthesis is inhibited by 2'-5' linked oligoadenylic acid triphosphate. PMID- 6969592 TI - Colony-stimulating factor and the proliferation of x-irradiated myeloid stem cells. PMID- 6969593 TI - Serologic subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus: an examination of autoantibodies in relationship to clinical features of disease and HLA antigens. AB - A search for anti-Ro or anti-nRNP antibodies by precipitin analysis among a population of 64 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or mixed connective tissue disease was undertaken. The 25% of SLE patients with anti-Ro did not have any distinct clinical features, compared to patients without anti-Ro or to anti-nRNP patients with SLE or mixed connective tissue disease. However, these patients did have a significantly greater frequency of rheumatoid factor (80%). Most importantly however, patients with anti-Ro had a significantly increased frequency of HLA-B8 (81%) and HLA-DRw3 (100%) compared to patients with anti-nRNP (B8--29%; DRw3--33%) or SLE patients without such antibodies (B8--41%; DRw3--25%). These data suggest the existence of a specific immune response gene for Ro close to the D region of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 6969594 TI - Natural cell mediated cytotoxicity in systemic lupus erythematosus: suppression by antilymphocyte antibody. AB - The significantly reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity was demonstrated in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 20 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) when compared with NK activity in the age- and sex matched controls. The reduced NK activity did not correlate with clinical parameters including daily prednisolone doses, serum CH50, antinuclear antibody titers, and antiDNA activities, circulating immune complex levels, and cytotoxic activities of antilymphocyte antibodies (ALA). The effects of prednisolone and aggregated human IgG on NK activity were only slightly suppressive in the in vitro studies. When normal PBL were pretreated with rabbit complement and SLE sera containing ALA, the NK activity of the surviving cells was markedly decreased. The decrease was specific and did not seem to be due to the physical hindrance of the dead cells. Other heterologous ALA of rabbit origin did not exert a suppressive effect on NK activity. These results suggest that the suppressed NK activity in SLE can be ascribed to an antiNK cell specific antibody in lupus sera, although the participation of circulating immune complexes was not completely excluded. PMID- 6969596 TI - Relative base composition of nuclear RNA transcribed from repetitive and unique DNA in frog embryos. PMID- 6969595 TI - Identification of ovotransferrin as a heme-, colony- and burst-stimulating factor in chick erythroid cell cultures. PMID- 6969597 TI - [Evidence of morphological modifications induced by theophylline in the urinary bladder epithelium of Rana esculenta]. AB - This preliminary work concerns the morpho-functional action induced by Theophylline on bladder epithelium. The epithelium treated with Theophylline shows important structural variations. The whole tissue thickness appears reduced with cell disposed in monostratified layer. They show a light grade of swelling with nucleus and cytoplasm less evident and boundary less marked. It is important to note that the permeability of the epithelium does not appear modified. PMID- 6969598 TI - [The influence of levamisole in vitro on lymphocytes from an immunodeficient patient]. AB - Cultures of lymphocytes from a patient with a suppressed immune-system were set up, and a low response was seen after treatment with mitogenic substances such as PHA and ConA. Other lymphocyte cultures from the same patient were treated with Levamisole, and after this it was noted that the percentage of T-cell rosettes with sheep erythrocytes was increased. PMID- 6969599 TI - [Evaluation of some nonspecific immunological parameters in patients with oral cavity carcinoma undergoing cryosurgery]. AB - The authors have evaluated general immunocompetence of 10 pts. after a cryosurgery treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Serum immunoglobulin levels, C3 - C4, peripheral lymphocytes, E-rosette forming cells, lymphocyte response to PHA were analized before and after 7 and 14 days a single cryotreatment. Humoral immunity was scarcely modified by the cryosurgery; on the contrary a statistically significant augment of peripheral large lymphocytes (p < 0,0001), T-lymphocytes (p < 0,025) and lymphocyte response to PHA (p < 0,001) was found both after 7 and 14 days. PMID- 6969600 TI - [Variation of the TG lymphocyte subpopulation in the aged]. AB - Peripheral blood from 20 healthy subjects of whom 10 were young (15 - 30) and 10 aging (73 - 85) was examined for the proportions of TG lymphocyte population by two different methods TG cells proportions were significantly (P 0.001) increased in aging subjects when compared with the young subjects. PMID- 6969601 TI - Hairy cell leukaemia with T cell features. PMID- 6969602 TI - Acquired Von Willebrand's syndrome associated with hairy cell leukaemia. PMID- 6969603 TI - The prevalence of glaucoma. AB - The occurrence of glaucoma was studied in a population comprising 1963 persons born during 1907 to 1921 and living in a small Swedish suburban and rural district. The records of 24 patients treated for glaucoma were examined. An estimate of the prevalence of glaucoma in untreated persons was based on an examination of 1511 subjects by standardised methods (including automatic perimetry) and strict diagnostic criteria. About 20% of all cases of glaucoma with visual field defects in the whole population were already known. Only 7 out of 15 cases of previously unknown but manifest glaucoma had intraocular pressures above 20-5 mmHg. The reduction in visual capacity caused by glaucoma in the present population was limited. PMID- 6969604 TI - Steroid-induced inhibition of nucleoside uptake in isolated mouse thymocytes. AB - In view of the evidence suggesting a possible effect of high concentrations of steroids on membrane properties, we have investigated the effect of several steroid molecules on the uptake and incorporation of [3H]uridine is isolated mouse thymocytes. Our results demonstrate that the sex steroids, the estrogenic compound, diethylstilbestrol, and several non-hormonal steroid molecules induce a marked inhibition of nucleoside uptake. This effect, which occurs only at concentrations above 10(-6) M, is almost instantaneous but transient and does not therefore appear to be mediated through specific receptor occupancy. Since sex steroids have been shown to inhibit mitogen-induced blast transformation at concentrations close to 10(-5) M, we suggest that this membrane effect of sex steroids may partly explain their immunosuppressive effects. PMID- 6969605 TI - Familial alpha-1-antitrypsin dificiency with Pi-Z and a new Pi-Gcler variant. AB - A case of familial deficiency in alpha-1-antitrypsin connected with Pi-0Z gene led to the finding of a new Gcler variant partly deficient, the electrofocusing pattern of which, located between that of G and I variants, was modified after neuraminidase digestion. A study of three generations shows that Gcler variant is transmitter according to an autosomally codominant mode. Moreover serum trypsin inhibitory capacity and concentration of ten proteins have been measured in this family. Except the known relation between serum alpha-1-antitrypsin level and trypsin inhibitory, capacity, only serum IgA showed a significant correlation with serum alpha-1-antitrypsin in the deficient group with Pi-Z allele. PMID- 6969606 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation of the caudal reticular nucleus of the pons on foci of epileptic activity in the cerebral cortex]. AB - It was shown in experiments on cats that electrostimulation (ES) of the nucleus caudalis reticularis pontis under the destruction of the central grey matter suppressed discharges in a single epileptic focus, created with application of strychnine to the brain cortex and did not suppress the epileptic activity in the complex of foci, formed under the influence of a determinant focus after local application of strychnine to different zones of the neocortex. After increasing the number of foci in the complex the resistance of the latter to suppressive effects of ES of the nucleus caudalis increases too. The complex reduction owing to liquidation of its foci (local application of nembutal) facilitates the suppressive effects of ES of the nucleus caudalis. Under prolonged inhibition of the epileptic activity in the focus, the coagulation of the nucleus caudalis leads after its long-term ES to the recovery of the epileptic activity. The evidence obtained is discussed from the standpoint of the properties of the pathological system (epileptic complex) and the role of the "antisystem" in suppression of its activity. PMID- 6969607 TI - [Participation of monoamines in the recuperative responses of the central nervous system following experimental injury to the anterior portions of the cerebral cortex]. AB - The role of biogenic amines (serotonine and noradrenalin) in the compensatory recovery processes was studied by means of conditioned reflexes in chronic experiments on rats after extirpation of the forebrain cortex. The recovery reactions are shown to proceed in the presence of significant shifts in the level of biogenic amines. Injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan to the operated on animals promotes rapid recovery of disturbed conditioned reflexes. It is suggested tht the increased serotonin brain level raises its compensatory potencies. PMID- 6969608 TI - Splenic granulocytopoiesis and production of colony-stimulating activity in lymphoma and leukemia. AB - Spleen cell production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (CSA) and colony forming capacity (CFU-GM) from 59 patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and control subjects was quantified to evaluate local cellular potential for modulating splenic granulocytopoiesis. Mononuclear spleen cell conditioned media stimulated myeloid CFU-GM by human nonadherent marrow target cells. In contrast to conditioned media produced by marrow and peripheral blood cells, the vast majority of spleen CSA was generated by nonadherent lymphoid cells rather than adherent monocytic cells. The nonadherent cells producing CSA were non-T cells (assessed by sheep erythrocyte rosetting), with 98% +/- 2% CSA produced by the nonrosetted fraction (B lymphocytes and null cells), and had a peak density heavier than that of the adherent spleen CSA-producing cells. Dose response curves demonstrated significantly increased cellular CSA production from patients with lymphomas and AML in remission. In a high proportion of patients, foci of immature granulocytic cells were found by specific cytochemical staining of histologic sections of spleens. A limited degree of splenic granulocytopoiesis was demonstrated morphologically and by CFU-GM incidence. CSA was not detectable in conditioned medium prepared from nonadherent spleen cells from 5 patients with CML, due to a nondialyzable substances(s) produced by the nonadherent cells which inhibited normal CFU-GM response to CSA. The high CFU-GM incidence and extensive leukemic granulocytopoiesis present in the CML spleens suggests diminished effect of this inhibitor on leukemic as opposed to normal granulocytic precursor cell proliferation. PMID- 6969610 TI - Cell interactions influencing murine marrow megakaryocytes: nature of the potentiator cell in bone marrow. AB - Auxiliary bone marrow cells are required for optimal murine megakaryocyte colony formation in addition to progenitor cells and a colony stimulating activity (CSA) present in WEHI-3 cell conditioned medium. These auxiliary cells are adherent, with a sedimentation rate of 5.8 mm hr-1 and buoyant density of 1.065-1.078 gcm 3. The activity from bone marrow cells is loss at irradiation doses above 900 rad. Bone marrow cells with these characteristics, and supernatants from lung, bone shafts, and peritoneal exudate cells were all active in enhancing megakaryocyte colony incidences in mouse bone marrow cultures above those stimulated by an obligatory activity in WEHI-3 cell conditioned medium. Certain macrophage cell lines (J774, P388D1) could elaborate the activity. This study confirms that a potentiation activity enhances CSA stimulation of megakaryocyte colony formation. The potentiator is elaborated by bone marrow cells in limiting amounts requiring either high cell concentrations or an exogenous source of the activity for optimal colony growth. PMID- 6969609 TI - Purification and characterization of a human T-lymphocyte-derived granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AB - We have examined the biologic and physical properties of a human T-lymphocyte granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The source of the factor is a T-lymphoblast cell line (Mo) that was derived from a patient with a T-cell variant of hairy-cell leukemia. The Mo line constitutively produces a number of lymphokines that are normally produced by mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes. Medium conditioned by Mo cells grown in the absence of serum is especially rich in CSF activity, and using this source we have purified the CSF to a specific activity of about 3.5 x 10(6) colonies per 10(5) Ficoll-Hypaque-separated human bone marrow cells plated per mg protein. The Mo CSF stimulates the formation of both granulocyte and macrophage colonies in vitro (in about equal numbers) and it has a relatively steep dose-response curve. Both the crude and purified preparations stimulated the formation of eosinophil as well as neutrophil colonies; it is unclear whether this is due to the presence of multiple factors with similar physical properties or a single factor with multiple activities. The CSF has little stimulating activity for mouse bone marrow progenitors. Physically, the Mo CSF is an acidic glycoprotein of molecular weight about 34,000. It binds to concanavalin A-Sepharose, is unusually resistant to denaturing agents and heat treatment, and is not inactivated in the presence of sulfhydryl reagents. The Mo CSF is distinct from factors stimulating erythroid colony formation and inhibiting neutrophil migration that are also produced by Mo cells. It differs in several physical and biologic properties from other human CSFs that have been characterized. PMID- 6969611 TI - Production of erythroid potentiating factor(s) by a human monocytic cell line. AB - U-937 is a human monocytic cell line that has been to elaborate factors that affect normal human hematopoiesis in vitro. Studies on the effects of these factors demonstrated an erythroid potentiating factor (EPF) and a potent inhibitor of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colony growth. The EPF was present in both serum-containing and serum-free U-937 conditioned media, had a dose dependent effect on erythroid colony formation and was remarkably heart stable. The CFU-GM inhibitory activity was also detected in serum-free conditioned medium, was dose-dependent, heart labile and its effect was reversed by Indomethacin. Indomethacin (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) did not alter the erythroid effects of the U-937 conditioned medium. No colony stimulating factor (CSF) or erythropoietin (Ep) could be detected in this medium. The existence of a human cell line capable of production EPF without simultaneous CSF production will permit further studies on the biochemical and biologic nature of these factors. PMID- 6969612 TI - Electrophoretic mobility distributions distinguish hairy cells from other mononuclear blood cells and provide evidence for the heterogeneity of normal monocytes. AB - The electrophoretic mobility distributions of hairy cells, normal monocytes. CLL, and normal lymphocytes isolated from blood were determined by electrophoretic light scattering. Values obtained for hairy cells, 1.52 X 10(-4) cm2/V . sec, were indistinguishable from that of normal monocytes. The mobility of CLL lymphocytes was similar to that of normal B cells. After exposure to neuraminidase, hairy cells revealed a homogeneous distribution with a reduced mobility of 0.55 X 10(-4) cm2/V . sec, while normal monocytes showed a heterogeneous distribution of electrophoretic mobilities suggestive of subpopulations. The electrokinetic behavior of hairy cells thus differs from that or normal and CLL lymphocytes before, and from that of monocytes after, treatment with neuraminidase. The hairy cell therefore possesses a distinct pattern of surface charge properties that clearly distinguish it from the circulating B cells, T cells, or monocytes. PMID- 6969613 TI - Human myelogenous leukemia: enhanced clonal proliferation in the presence of phorbol diesters. AB - Phorbol diesters, including 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at low concentrations, enhanced the clonal proliferation of a human myelogenous leukemia cell line (KG-1). TPA (1.0 X 10(-9) -5.0 X 10(-11) M) increased KG-1 clonal growth by four to tenfold in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of colony stimulating factor (CSF) and by two to fourfold in the presence of maximally stimulating concentrations of CSF. The ability of TPA analogs to enhance KG-1 clonal growth paralleled their reported ability to promote tumors in mice. Only slight CSF activity was detected in the conditioned medium from KG-1 cells cultured in liquid medium with TPA. TPA was unable to increase myeloid clonal growth of CSF-stimulated normal human model to study TPA enhancement of CSF stimulated growth. PMID- 6969614 TI - Structural studies of the functional heterogeneity of von Willebrand protein polymers. PMID- 6969615 TI - Lactic dehydrogenase in normal and leukemia lymphocyte subpopulations: evidence for the presence of abnormal T cells and B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was quantitated and the isozyme pattern studied in lymphocyte subpopulations from normal people and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Normal T lymphocytes differed from normal B lymphocytes in having greater total LDH activity (597.2 versus 252.1). Total LDH activity in CLL T cells (347.1) was lower than normal T cells., but not significantly different than normal B cells. Total LDH activity in CLL B cells (124.6) was lower then normal B cells and normal T cells. The isozyme pattern of normal T lymphocytes showed a higher activity in the LDH-1 band (26.7% versus 5.4%) but showed a lower activity in LDH-5 band (4.3% versus 16.3%) compared to normal B cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia T cells could be distinguished from CLL B cells by a high LDH-5 band (22.3% versus 7.6%) and from normal T cells by a high LDH-5 band (22.3% versus 4.3%) and a low LDH-1 band (7.3% versus 26.7%). CLL B cells could be distinguished from normal B cells by a low LDH-5 band (7.6% versus 16.3%). Thus, the LDH isozyme pattern distinguishes normal T lymphocytes from normal B lymphocytes, and normal T and B lymphocytes from CLL T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 6969616 TI - Specific chromosome changes in B- and T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6969617 TI - Pulmonary opacities in pseudoxanthoma elasticum: report of two cases. PMID- 6969618 TI - Chronic recurrent pleural effusion in adult histiocytosis-X. PMID- 6969619 TI - Conjunctivitis due to Haemophilus ducreyi infection. PMID- 6969620 TI - Gradient of interference by various frequencies on 60 Hz kindling behavior. AB - An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of various frequencies of brain stimulation on kindling behavior induced by 60-Hz sine wave stimulation. The effective threshold intensity (ETI) to elicit a convulsion was determined on four separate occasions with 5 days of daily trials between determinations. On each day experimental rats were stimulated with current of a specific frequency on the first and third trials for 60 seconds duration and with 60-Hz current for 30 seconds on the second trial (one hour intertrial interval). There were five experimental groups, one each for 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60-Hz stimulation. A sixth group received no stimulation on trials 1 and 3 and 60-Hz current on trial 2. Suppressor of convulsive behavior induced by the 60-Hz stimulation trial was present for all ETI determinations with 1-Hz and 5-Hz stimulation; the mean ETI increased on each successive determination. Suppression was prominent also for the 10-Hz group until the ETI4 determination. Suppression was moderate for the 30 Hz and 60-Hz groups. Overall, it appeared that the interference effect gradually increased with remoteness from the 60-Hz point. PMID- 6969621 TI - Arteriovenous malformation of the duodenum. AB - In their report of a 55-year-old woman with an arteriovenous malformation of the duodenum, the authors illustrate some of the interesting clinical features of this uncommon cause of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. The lesion was treated by surgical resection. Arteriovenous malformations have been classified according to location, age of the patient and family history. In this patient the malformation was considered to be a type 2 or congenital lesion. The authors review the literature on arteriovenous malformations and emphasize the use of selective visceral angiography for diagnosing arteriovenous malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6969622 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the brain. AB - The authors present a case of primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma. This is only the 10th reported case and is the only one in which the patient has survived longer than 2 years. A 9-month-old boy was found to have a large mass in the right posterior fossa. Posterior fossa craniotomy revealed an unencapsulated tumour involving almost the entire right cerebellar hemisphere and extending to the right cerebellar pontine angle. Subtotal removal was done for internal decompression. On examination of the specimen by light microscopy there were definite sarcomatous features with occasional rhabdopoietic elements and many malignant giant cells. The ultrastructural appearance confirmed the diagnosis of malignant rhabdomyosarcoma. The child was treated with combination chemotherapy and cobalt-60 teletherapy. He is alive and well 2 years after operation and has no clinical evidence of recurrent disease. His physical growth and mental development are satisfactory. The response of our patient suggests that such tumours may be controlled by subtotal removal followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. PMID- 6969623 TI - Neonatal infection with Haemophilus influenzae biotype III. PMID- 6969624 TI - Vincristine in the etiology of toxicity of high-dose methotrexate therapy. AB - A 14-year-old received a six-hour infusion of methotrexate (71/2 g/M2) with vincristine (2 mg) and citrovorum rescue according to a standard protocol for adjunctive chemotherapy of osteogenic sarcoma. Signs of mild vincristine toxicity occurred from 2-5 days following the infusion; these including jaw pain, decreases in deep tendon reflexes, and a transient ileus. Clearance of serum methotrexate was delayed during the period of ileus and severe methotrexate toxicity was observed. PMID- 6969625 TI - Immunotherapy with oral BCG and serial immune evaluation in childhood lymphoblastic leukemia following three years of chemotherapy. AB - Thirty-nine children with ALL who had completed three years of chemotherapy were randomized to receive oral BCG for immunotherapy or no treatment as controls. There was not a significant difference between the two groups in the relapse rate. Among the immune parameters, only in vitro blastogenic responses to PHA and PPD rose significantly in the BCG group compared with the controls. Skin testing also revealed evidence of tuberculin sensitization. The group as a whole was studied for the kinetic recovery of immune functions after the cessation of chemotherapy, which revealed a dissociation in both cellular and humoral systems. At three weeks after therapy, only peripheral blood lymphocyte count, non T cells, and serum IgM showed a significant abnormality. There was a rise in these parameters in the subsequent weeks, and the non-T-cell count reached normal levels sooner than the other two parameters. Children who were less than 5 years of age at the time of diagnosis showed a lesser degree of immunosuppression after long-term chemotherapy compared with those who were greater than or equal to 5 years of age. The analysis of the data indicated a relationship between the low serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA) and disease status. PMID- 6969627 TI - Activity and isoenzymes of acid phosphatase in human B-cell lymphomas of low grade malignancy: a novel aid in the classification of malignant lymphoma. AB - Activity and isoelectric focusing (IEF) pattern of lysosomal acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2.) were investigated in 55 cases of low-grade malignant B-cell lymphoma, classified as chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), centroblastic/centrocytic follicular lymphoma (CB/CC), lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (Immunocytoma, IC), and plasmacytoma (PC), applying the criteria of the Kiel classification. The results show (1) that the four lymphoma types present a characteristic range of enzyme activity in an increasing order: B-CLL, BC/CC, IC, and PC. B lymphocytes, germinal center cells, and plasmacytes are the main constituents of these lymphomas. This sequence might reflect one possible mode of B-cell transformation into plasmacytes traversing an amplification stage in germinal centers under normal conditions. (2) All cases showed the basic IEF pattern of normal B lymphocytes with 12 bands localized in three regions between pH 6.1 and 3.9. This finding supports the B-cell origin and the close phenotypical relationship among the investigated lymphomas. (3) The IEF patterns of B-CLL and CB/CC did not differ from that of normal B lymphocytes, whereas two additional isoenzymes were encountered in cases of IC and seven in PC; this suggests that the higher enzyme activity of IC and PC is at least partly due to the appearance of "new" isoenzymes. The results support the validity of the underlying classification and indicate the individually, B-cell origin, and close relationship among the four lymphoma entities investigated. PMID- 6969626 TI - Short- and long-term effects of radiation on T-cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of radiotherapy on subpopulations of peripheral blood T cells from patients with Hodgkin's disease. T cell were purified from each specimen, and proportions and absolute numbers of T lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (TG) and for Fc portion of IgM (TM) were enumerated by rosetting T cells with ox red blood cells (ORBC), which had been coated with anti-ORBC rabbit IgG or IgM, respectively. In untreated patients, the percentage of TG cells was significantly increased, and the percentage of TM cells was significantly decreased when compared with control values. In patients examined after radiotherapy, there was a severe depletion of total T lymphocytes. The percent and absolute values of TM cells were also markedly decreased in comparison with those found in either normal controls or untreated patients. In contrast, relative proportions of TG cells were significantly increased in the same treated patients, but the absolute numbers of these cells were essentially unchanged in comparison with those found before radiation therapy. There was a partial and progressive restoration of the number of TM lymphocytes some years after the treatment, but reduced percentages of TM lymphocytes and increased percentages of TG lymphocytes were still found in patients in continuous complete remission for at least five years or more. Similar alterations of the two T-cell subsets were also found in the peripheral blood of a small group of patients treated with radiation for testicular seminoma. These data clearly demonstrate that radiation therapy has a differential effect on identifiable and distinct subsets of cells in the human T cell class. PMID- 6969628 TI - Structures of the DNA adducts formed in mouse liver after administration of the proximate hepatocarcinogen 1'-hydroxyestragole. PMID- 6969629 TI - Intratumor maturational heterogeneity within the murine myeloma MOPC-315. AB - The murine myeloma MOPC-315 secretes a paraprotein which binds dinitrophenylated compounds. Maturational subsets which mimic normal B-cell differentiation were shown to exist within this monoclonal neoplasm. The maturational subsets were defined by an in vivo stem cell activity (plasmacytoma colony-forming unit spleen), DNA synthesis ([3H]thymidine incorporation), membrane-bound paraprotein, and cells secreting the MOPC-315 paraprotein. Velocity sedimentation at unit gravity separated cells enriched for secreting the MOPC0-315 protein (14.6 mm/hr) from the plasmacytoma colony-forming unit-spleen enriched population (9.3 mm/hr). An in vivo sequential analysis of the appearance of tumor (i.v. challenge) in the spleen of BALB/c hosts did not reveal any discordant appearance of these same maturational subsets with respect to time. The MOPC-315 myeloma contains maturational subsets that mimic normal B-cell differentiation and apparently differentiates during a very early stage of its evolution within the host. PMID- 6969630 TI - Effect of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice bearing syngeneic sarcoma. AB - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic MC104 fibrosarcoma cells was detected in C57BL/6N mice 7 days after tumor inoculation in the hind foot. This cytotoxicity was undetectable by Day 14 in the Winn test using spleen and draining popliteal lymph node (DPLN) cells. Similar results were obtained with the 51Cr release assay following in vitro activation of these lymphoid cells with mitomycin C-treated tumor cells. The antitumor cytotoxicity was shown to be mediated by T-cells. Spleen but not DPLN cells from 14-day tumor bearers enhanced tumor growth in the Winn test, suggesting the presence of immunosuppressor cells in the spleen. Two intralesional injections of 50 microgram of cell wall skeleton (CWS) of Nocardia rubra on Days 2 and 7 resulted in apparent tumor growth inhibition and prolongation of the survival period of tumor bearers. DPLN cells from tumor bearers treated with N. rubra CWS exhibited significant recovery in the cytotoxicity tested on Day 14, whereas the recovery in that of spleen cells was not apparent. The cytotoxicity augmented by N. rubra CWS was specific to MC104 tumor cells and was shown to be mediated by T-cells. These cytotoxic T cells were shown to be able to localize not only in DPLN but also in the spleen and tumor in mice receiving the intralesional immunotherapy with N. rubra CWS. These results suggest that T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic tumor can be augmented by N. rubra CWS and might play an important role in the systemic development of its antitumor effect, although the effector cell increase in the spleen might be suppressed by splenic suppressor cells during tumor growth. PMID- 6969631 TI - Heterologous antiserum to chemically induced rat non-T, non-B leukemia and its application to characterization of rat leukemias. AB - Antisera to the 1-butyl-1-nitrosourea-induced "non-T, non-B" rat leukemia line DBLA-6 were raised in rabbits. Following absorption with syngeneic hepatoma cells, the antisera were very similar in specificity to antisera raised to rat Thy-1 antigen. Anti-DBLA-6 serum was cytotoxic in the presence of complement against 70 to 90% of thymocytes and 40 to 50% of neonatal spleen cells. In contrast, no significant cytotoxicity was observed against cells from bone marrow, lymph node, spleen, and peritoneum. An absorption test revealed that an antigen recognized by anti-DBLA-6 serum was present in brain tissue but absent in liver and kidney tissues. Nineteen rat leukemias and lymphomas were divided into six groups based on antigenic and morphological characteristics and the presence of receptor for guinea pig red blood cells. These tumors were investigated for the presence of the antigen recognized by anti-DBLA-6 serum. Of the leukemias and lymphomas studied, anti-DBLA-6 serum reacted with all thymic (Group 1) and extrathymic (Group 2) lymphomas and unclassified leukemias (Groups 3 and 4), while all myelogenous leukemias (Group 5) and erythroleukemias (Group 6) were negative. The position of leukemias and lymphomas reactive with anti-DBLA-6 serum in the lymphocyte maturational pathway is discussed. PMID- 6969633 TI - Salsalate: its role in the management of rheumatic disease. AB - Our present array of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provides many more avenues for the long-term management of rheumatic disease. Their clinical efficacy notwithstanding, these drugs possess significant iatrogenic potential. These risks are typified by aspirin side effects, basically gastrointestinal, hematologic, and thrombopathic. Most of the NSAIDs share these liabilities. However, there is now wider appreciation of recent findings that nonacetylated salicylates, particularly salsalate, provide the benefits of aspirin and other NSAIDs but not their dangers. Salsalate is a prototypic drug of this class; it is reviewed in detail with appropriate comment concerning its present and potential clinical contributions to antirheumatic therapy. PMID- 6969632 TI - Phase I trial of metoprine in patients with advanced cancer. AB - The effects of metoprine administered orally every 2 weeks were studied in 71 evaluable adult patients with advanced malignant tumors. Two escalating dose schedules were explored in this phase I evaluation: (a) doses ranging from 20 to 65 mg/m2 without scheduled leucovorin, and (b) doses ranging from 100 to 300 mg/m2 with scheduled iv leucovorin. Thrombocytopenia was dose-limiting at 65 mg/m2 in the low-dose schedule; CNS toxicity was dose-limiting at 300 mg/m2 in the high-dose schedule. Occasionally leukopenia and mild nausea or vomiting were noted. Therapeutic responses were observed in patients with mycosis fungoides, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. Phase II (disease oriented) studies can appropriately be initiated with fortnightly metoprine at 50 mg/m2 without leucovorin. In the high-dose schedule, 225 mg/m2 of metoprine with 75 mg/m2 of iv leucovorin at 24 hours appears appropriate for good-risk patients; in marginal-risk patients, two doses of leucovorin should be given: 75 and 37.5 mg/m2 at 24 and 96 or 168 hours, respectively. PMID- 6969634 TI - [Preoperative diagnosis of bleeding Meckel's diverticulum by means of radioactive 99mTc technetium salt (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969635 TI - [Ciliary immotility syndrome]. PMID- 6969636 TI - Aortic valve replacement without myocardial revascularization. PMID- 6969637 TI - Purification of plasma vitamin D metabolites for radioimmunoassay. AB - The ability of four solvent systems to extract tritiated 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, 25,26-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 from plasma was compared. Diethyl ether gave the highest yield of metabolites and lowest yield of "lipid" materials, the dihydroxylated metabolites were more readily extracted than 25-hydroxy vitamin D3. Following extraction with ether the vitamin D metabolites could be separated, without prior purification, on a 6.2 mm X 250 mm Zorbax-Sil high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column, a simplification of previous methods. Plasma 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D levels measured after purification by this method were not significantly different from those obtained by an established, more complex method. PMID- 6969639 TI - Extracranial extension of recurrent meningioma. PMID- 6969638 TI - Imaging the intracranial complications of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. AB - Computed tomography (CT) and radionuclide imaging of the central nervous system (CNS) are important modalities in both the diagnosis and management of CNS complications from Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. Both examinations are sensitive indicators of CNS abnormalities associated with bacterial meningeal infections and are important determinants of the therapy and ultimate prognosis of such complications. Representative findings from CT and radionuclide imaging of children with complications from H. influenzae infection of the meninges are presented. PMID- 6969640 TI - [Anti-inflammatory or antirheumatic? On the pharmalogical and therapeutic efficacy of non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents: a comparative study. II]. PMID- 6969641 TI - [Use of cimetidine in a case of gastric hemorrhage caused by ingestion of hydrochloric acid]. PMID- 6969642 TI - [Long-term comparative study of fenbufen and aspirin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6969643 TI - [Preliminary findings on the effects of a new antispastic drug (N-diethyl-methyl ammonium ethyl bromide P-[2-(N-octyloxy)-benzoyl]-aminobenzoate) on the motor activity of the human gastric antrum]. PMID- 6969644 TI - Surgical treatment of coronary insufficiency produced by cardiac echinococcosis. AB - We report two cases in which the pertinent angiographic studies disclosed the presence of hydatid cysts of the left ventricle, producing complete obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery in one patient and of the left anterior descending coronary artery and the circumflex coronary artery in the other patient. Both patients were successfully treated by excision of the cyst and myocardial revascularization with saphenous venous bypass grafts. From the analysis of symptoms in cardiac echinococcosis, we concluded that precordial pain is the most common complaint, that it can be due to coronary insufficiency, and that at the present, coronary angiographic studies have to be performed systematically in these patients, since coronary involvement by the cyst can explain some of the clinical manifestations and complications of the disease and can also influence its surgical management. PMID- 6969645 TI - Limitations of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in the diagnosis of empyema. PMID- 6969646 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of Hemophilus influenzae pleural effusion. AB - A child with a sterile pleural effusion resulting from an infection with Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hi b) is described. The diagnosis was established by use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). The alarming increase in incidence of pneumonia due to Hi b is noted, as is the large number of associated pleural effusions. CIE provides a rapid, reliable, and sensitive means by which to establish the exact etiology of such bacterial infections so that optimal antibiotic therapy can be started promptly. PMID- 6969647 TI - Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm secondary to infection after coronary bypass surgery. AB - We present a case of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm following coronary bypass surgery. The cause was infection, dating from the bypass procedure 1 1/2 years before. Repair of pseudoaneurysm in a patient with a bypass is complicated by the presence of grafts which should be protected from injury. Details of successful management in this case are presented. PMID- 6969648 TI - Continuous murmur following bypass surgery. PMID- 6969649 TI - Aorto-coronary vein fistula. A complication of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - We report two cases of the inadvertent insertion of a saphenous vein bypass graft into the anterior cardiac vein creating an aortocoronary vein fistula. The clinical recognition, evaluation, and management are discussed. Suggestions on surgical technique to help minimize or eliminate this potential complication during saphenous vein bypass surgery are proposed. PMID- 6969650 TI - Rapidly progressive coronary artery bypass graft atherosclerosis. Report of a case documented by serial coronary arteriograms and pathologic examination. AB - Atherosclerosis occurred in a coronary artery saphenous vein bypass graft. Serial angiograms are presented documenting subtotal occlusion of this graft which occurred over a nine-month period. Pathologic examination of graft material obtained at surgery demonstrated ulcerating atherosclerotic plaque. The occurrence of early saphenous vein graft atherosclerosis is discussed with particular reference to the possible effects of hyperlipidemia, which was present in this patient. PMID- 6969651 TI - [Antioxidative functions of screening pigments of the eye]. PMID- 6969652 TI - [Colchicine sensitivity index: a means of distinguishing benign and malignant lymphocytic cutaneous infiltrates (author's transl)]. AB - Lymphocytes in patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia and other malignant lymphomas have an abnormally high sensitivity to colchicine in vitro. This can be expressed in a colchicine-sensitivity index and used diagnostically. Lymphocytes isolated from cutaneous infiltrates in mycosis fungoides, a cutaneous malignant T cell lymphoma, had an increased colchicine-sensitivity index of 44 (P < 0.01). On the other hand, lymphocytes from cutaneous infiltrates of reactive inflammatory dermatitis cases had an index of 23. It would seem that the colchicine sensitivity index is helpful in the diagnosis of selected cases of cutaneous malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6969653 TI - [Occult gastrointestinal blood loss is not an essential pathogenetic factor in the etiology of renal anemia]. PMID- 6969654 TI - [The NBT-PABA test in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The NBT-PABA test, an oral pancreatic function test, was performed in 67 patients with proven chronic pancreatitis (secretin pancreozymin test or intraoperatively) and was pathological in 60 (89.6%). Prolongation of urinary collection period from 6 to 9 hours did not improve the diagnostic value. In comparison with the NBT-PABA test the sensitivity of trypsin and chymotrypsin determination in stool was 40.6% and 62.2%, respectively. In severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency when pathological fecal fat excretion was demonstrable (steathorrhea) the accuracy of fecal enzyme determination was clearly higher (59.1% and 91.8%, respectively). Thus the NBT-PABA test is an alternative diagnostic tool for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency when the secretin-pancreozymin test, and fecal enzyme and fecal fat determination are too complicated. However, as intact absorption of NBT-PABA is possible, the test only provides a qualitative and limited quantitative evaluation of pancreatic function. PMID- 6969655 TI - [Hemorrhagic colitis associated with penicillin therapy]. PMID- 6969656 TI - [Open study of L-5-H.T.P. in melancholic depressed patients over 50 years of age (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a trial on the antidepressive activity of L.5-H.T.P. The clinical population is relatively homogeneous; it consists of melancholic patients, aged over 50. The results are inferior to those obtained with other antidepressant therapies. They do not verify that L.5-H.T.P. has an antidepressive action in elderlies. However, the authors do not put aside that L.5-H.T.P. can be interesting in some varieties of depression. PMID- 6969659 TI - The effects of substituted benzamides on frog rectus abdominis. AB - The substituted benzamides metoclopramide, bromopride, tiapride and sulpiride (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) significantly increased the sensitivity of frog rectus abdominis muscle to exogenous acetylcholine but not to carbachol. This supersensitivity could be correlated with the anticholinesterase activity of these drugs measured in homogenates from frog skeletal muscle. Sultopride, like procainamide, has only inhibitory effects on the responses of the rectus abdominis to acetylcholine and has no anticholinesterase activity in this preparation. PMID- 6969658 TI - Rotational behavior induced by unilateral electrical stimulations of nigro striatal dopamine neurons: modification by low doses of apomorphine. AB - Unilateral electrical stimulation of nigro-striatal dopamine axons produced marked turning contralateral to the stimulated side. Iterative stimulation led to a progressive increase of this response, followed by a definitive decrease associated with lesions of dopamine neurons. A low dose of apomorphine (25 micrograms/kg) slightly modified the time course and intensity of this response. On the contrary, in rats with a lesioned contralateral nigro-striatal system, low doses of apomorphine (6.25-50 micrograms/kg) markedly depressed contralateral turning whereas a higher dose (150 micrograms/kg) no longer depressed it. These results are discussed with regard to the dopamine autoreceptors. PMID- 6969660 TI - DNA ligase changes and cell population in thymus of corticosteroid-treated chick embryo. PMID- 6969661 TI - Stimulation of DNA synthesis in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages after fusion injection of macrophage growth factor. PMID- 6969657 TI - N-Acetyltransferases of rat liver and blood: substrate specificities. AB - The substrate specificities of N-acetyltransferases (NAT) were investigated by measuring Vmax and Km values with p-aminobenzoic acid (I), p-aminobenzamide (II), p-amino-benzamidopyridine (III), 2-(p-aminobenzamido)-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (VI), and the corresponding p-aminobenzenesulfonamides (VII, VIII and XI) using at rat liver and blood preparations. With liver NAT, II, III and VI had lower Km and higher Vmax values than did their corresponding sulfonyl analogs (VII, VIII, XI). III was extraordinarily active (Vmax 854 nmol/mg protein/h); in contrast, II gave a Vmax of 22.4. Sulfadiazine (IX) and sulfamerazine (X) were acetylated at a very slow rate. The activities of the blood enzymes on these compounds were very different. The Vmax values obtained with blood NAT for II, VI and VII were sharply decreased. Surprisingly, acetylation of III, VIII, IX and X could not be detected. In contrast to liver, the blood NAT gave lower values of both Vmax and Km for the S analog of II and a much higher Km for I. While p-aminobenzoic acid was the best substrate for blood NAT, substitution of the amido nitrogen of p aminobenzamide with an aromatic substituent enhanced the substrate potential for liver NAT, III may be useful as a substrate for the rapid classification of slow and fast acetylators. PMID- 6969663 TI - Osmotic influences on lens membrane characteristics. PMID- 6969662 TI - Locomotion and adhesion of amphibian gastrula and neurula cells cultured on substrata of varied surface charge. PMID- 6969664 TI - [Effect of octylonium bromide on the gastrointestinal tract in vivo]. PMID- 6969665 TI - [Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of nonachlazine]. AB - Nonachlazin diminishes aseptic inflammation provoked by subplantar administration of carrageenin to rats. Nonachlazin increases the sensitivity pain threshold of the rat paw affected by carrageenin-induced inflammation, decreases the reaction of mice to intraperitoneal injection of phenylchinoin, and the ability of the rabbit central nervous system for impulse summation. Nonachlazin prevents carrageenin-induced temperature rise in rats. PMID- 6969666 TI - [Pharmacology of the venom from the scorpion, Buthus eupeus]. AB - Reactions induced by venom from the scorpion Buthus eupeus and by toxin of the venom have been studied on isolated organs and tissues as well as on intact body. It has been shown that substances interfering with the conduction of nerve excitation, with the mediator storage and interaction of the latter with synaptic receptors prevent the reactions induced by the venom and toxin, whereas ganglion blocking agents do not affect these reactions. The catecholamine content in rat blood plasma has been found to be increased. It is assumed that the venom and toxin that affect the postganglionic nerve terminals release mediator acetylcholine and noradrenaline. PMID- 6969668 TI - Research on heterocyclic compounds. IX - Heteroarylcarboxamides and acetamides: antiinflammatory and related pharmacological properties. AB - A series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-, imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine- and imidazo[1,2 b]pyridazinecarboxamides and acetamides were prepared and their antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities were evaluated. PMID- 6969667 TI - [2-(2-Thienyl)morpholines with CNS activity]. AB - The synthesis and pharmacological investigation of 2-(2-thienyl)morpholine and some of its derivatives substituted on the nitrogen are described. The non substituted compound showed interesting antidepressive properties with a pharmacological profile similar to that of imipramine. PMID- 6969669 TI - [3,4-Dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3,3'-spiro steroid derivatives of pharmacological interest]. AB - In order to verify the possibility of pharmacological latentiation of bioactive ketones, the building up of a 3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine ring on position 3, 17 or 20 of steroids with hormonal activity was investigated. The heterocyclic formation was successful only on the less hindered position 3. Four (I alpha, I beta, II alpha, II beta) of the six derivatives so obtained were tested for androgenic activity and their effects were compared with those of testosterone and of the starting ketosteroids (5 alpha- and 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha- and 5 beta-androstan-3,17-dione). The hormonal activity is not compromised by the coupling of the heterocyclic ring with the steroidal skeleton; on the contrary compound (I beta), derived from the inactive 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone, exhibited a high degree of androgenic activity. PMID- 6969670 TI - [Derivatives of 2-phenothiazin-2'-yl-cinchoninic acid with analgesic and anti inflammatory activity]. AB - In order to investigate the effects of the overlapping of cinchophene and phenothiazine structures, connected with antiinflammatory and analgesic activities, several derivatives of 2-phenothiazin-2'-yl-cinchoninic acid were prepared through the condensation of isatin or 5-substituted isatins with 2 acetylphenothiazine or its 10-ter-aminoalkyl derivatives. Most of these compounds exhibit analgesic activity, but only a few, of those so far tested, show antiinflammatory activity. Compound (G) with R' = H, R" = C2H5 and R"' = dimethylaminoethyl shows analgesic activity corresponding to 88% of that of phenylbutazone. Moreover some compounds show signs of sympatholytic and vasodilatatory activities and also bactericidal and amebicidal properties in vitro, while some others demonstrate a modest neuroplegic activity. PMID- 6969671 TI - Study of agglutination of mouse mammary carcinoma (FM3A) cell induced by egg agglutinin of Rana catesbiana. II. Phytohemagglutinin P and protamine. AB - When mouse mammary carcinoma (FM3A) cells were treated with egg agglutinin of Rana catesbiana for 15 min at 25 degrees C, percent total particle number of both cell aggregates and single cells was in direct proportion to the cell electrophoretic mobility. Phytohemagglutinin P mediated agglutination proceeded with biphasic kinetics: the higher the concentration of phytohemagglutinin P the shorter was the lag period between the first and second stages of agglutination. In protamine-mediated agglutination, the percent total particle number was reduced at low concentrations, while the electrophoretic mobility reduced only at high concentrations. Agglutinating and cytotoxic activities of these three reagents were in an intimate relation: the higher the agglutinating activity, the greater was their cytotoxic activity. PMID- 6969673 TI - A comparison of alpha-L-fucosidase activity in normal and chronic-lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes. PMID- 6969672 TI - The effect of inhibitors on germination of spores of Aspergillus carbonarius. PMID- 6969674 TI - The unusual photoreactivity of 2'-deoxythymidylyl-(3' goes to 5')-2' deoxyadenosine. PMID- 6969675 TI - B lymphocyte colony formation in vitro: ultrastructural development of individual colonies. AB - B lymphocyte colony development in agar culture was studied using an electron microscope, and more than 3,000 colony cells were identified and photographed. In early cultures (day 4) lymphoblasts dominated the colonies. From day 5 onwards plasmablasts and small lymphocytes were present in colonies. From day 6 onward mature plasma cells were observed in increasing numbers. On day 9 culture the colonies started to degenerate and on day 10 of culture approximately 70% of the colony consisted of pyknotic and degenerating cells. Topographically, the degenerating cells were concentrated in the center of the colony whereas proliferation took place in the periphery. Colony growth occurred in an exponential fashion, the number of viable colony cells being maximal on day 8 of culture (400-600 cells/colony). At this time the frequencies of the four B cell categories were: lymphoblasts 72%, plasmablasts 20%, plasma cells 6%, and small lymphocytes 2%. Recloning experiments showed that dispersed colony cells were capable of forming only small cell clusters. It is concluded that B lymphocyte colony formation reflects a series of B cell developmental stages including the formation of the end cell categories o this lymphocyte lineage. PMID- 6969676 TI - Obstructive jaundice in children with histiocytosis X. AB - Prolonged cholestasis was observed in 6 children with histiocytosis X. Operative cholangiograms confirmed the patency of the extrahepatic biliary tree and showed marked distortion of intrahepatic bile ducts resembling that observed in sclerosing cholangitis. Histologic examination showed portal fibrosis in all patients; only one was found to have portal histiocytic infiltration. The subsequent course confirmed the ominous significance of cholestasis in histiocytosis X, a rare finding in this disease: One patient died of progressive liver failure and three others from sepsis after unsuccessful attempts to improve the condition of the liver with chemotherapy. PMID- 6969677 TI - Characterization of human exocrine pancreatic proteins by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. AB - Exocrine proteins contained in human pancreatic juice were separated in two dimensions using isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Nineteen discrete proteins were found. Fifteen of these were identified by actual or potential enzyme activity and include three forms of trypsinogen, two forms each of procarboxypeptidase A, procarboxypeptidase B, proelastase, and colipase, and one form each for amylase, lipase, chymotrypsinogen, and prophospholipase A2. Lipase and four unidentified proteins were found to contain carbohydrate by the periodic acid Schiff staining method. Each pancreatic protein was characterized by isoelectric point and molecular weight. Proteins were quantitated according to relative mass, as measured by the incorporation of a mixture of 15 3H-amino acids into secretory proteins contained in tissue slices, and according to the distribution of Coomassie blue R stain among proteins contained in pancreatic juice, as determined by two-dimensional gel scanning and computer analysis. The second form of pancreatic procarboxypeptidase B (IEPn6.7) was present in only 4 of 10 subjects tested. Trypsinogens 1 and 3 were covalently labeled with 35SO4. Trypsin derived from trypsinogen 2 showed no inhibition with soybean trypsin inhibitor or Trasylol. PMID- 6969678 TI - A technique for emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in adults using a small caliber endoscope (GIF-P2). AB - The small caliber peroral endoscope (GIF-P2) was efficient and safe in the detection of lesions in a series of 69 patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The authors describe a technique of examination that they have found appropriate to this problem. PMID- 6969679 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis and therapy of mucosal vascular abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract occurring in elderly patients and associated with cardiac, vascular, and pulmonary disease. AB - Twenty-seven cases of mucosal vascular abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract were demonstrated by endoscopy, usually during investigation for gastrointestinal bleeding. The lesions were flat, bright red, and seen clearly through the endoscope. All were successfully treated by endoscopic electrocoagulation without complication. The vascular abnormalities were situated in the colons of 24 patients and in the stomachs of 3 patients. The average age of the patients was 69 years. Twenty-two of the 27 patients had some type of associated cardiac, vascular, or pulmonary disease that apparently represents a syndrome. The author proposes a theory that the vascular lesions are acquired as a consequence of hypo-oxygenation of the colon mucosa. PMID- 6969680 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric angiodysplasia. PMID- 6969681 TI - Herpes zoster and the aging eye. AB - Although most patients with herpes zoster are otherwise healthy, all should be screened for occult neoplastic disease. Treatment is frustrating and nonspecific. Postherpetic neuralgia is especially difficult to manage and tends to be more severe among geriatric patients. All patients with trigeminal nerve involvement should be referred to an ophthalmologist for evaluation and possible treatment of ocular complications. PMID- 6969682 TI - Cellular immunosenescence. PMID- 6969683 TI - alpha 1-Antitrypsin and coeliac disease in spain. AB - Ninety-three Spanish children suffering from coeliac disease and 103 control subjects from the same area were screened for the amount of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) and for any electrophoretic variations in it. In this case-control study no significant differences were detected either in phenotype distribution or amount. The present results indicate that no genetic association exists between alpha 1AT and coeliac disease. PMID- 6969684 TI - [Functional disorders of the thymus-dependent immune system after surgery]. AB - In patients, who underwent surgery for inguinal hernia, a profound suppression of T-lymphocyte functions was found as revealed by a new T-cell function assay. Conventional tests, such as PHA stimulation of lymphocytes and T/B-lymphocyte quantitation showed no changes after this rather minor operation. Thus it must be assumed, that aside from the short-lasting immunosuppression described in the literature after more extensive surgery, even smaller surgical procedures cause a rather long-lasting and severe impairment of T-lymphocyte functions. Since the immune system may play a possibly important role in the defence against autologous tumors, the indications for surgical treatment not concerning the tumor itself in malignoma patients should be severely considered. PMID- 6969685 TI - [Surgical therapy of trigeminal neuralgia. Selective thermocoagulation of Gasser's ganglion]. AB - These first ultrastructural studies of the effect caused by thermocoagulation of a ganglion (ganglion inferius nervi vagi) akin to the Gasserian ganglion have shown that selective pain fiber elimination can only be expected from thermocoagulation at temperatures not higher than 50 degrees C/60 s or 60 degrees C/60 s. Even if the results of these animal experiments can only be applicable to clinical practice in the sense of an analogical conclusion, we are nevertheless of the opinion that it can be recommended to begin the thermocoagulation in trigeminus neuralgia at low temperatures (50 degrees C/60 s or 60 degrees C/60 s) and only if found necessary, after checking the sensitivity to pain, to increase it in steps of 5--10 degrees C. PMID- 6969686 TI - Pi M4: an additional Pi M subtype. AB - The authors studied Pi polymorphism using the Separator isofocusing method with slight modification. A new Pi allele was observed. Family pedigrees confirmed co dominant inheritance with other Pi alleles. According to the electrophoretic mobility of its isoprotein bands, and to its frequency (0.04) this new allele is considered as a fourth Pi M subtype: Pi M4. PMID- 6969687 TI - Transferable suppression and intrinsic unresponsiveness in delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells of mice: two distinct mechanisms? AB - In mice rendered unresponsive in DTH by the i.v. infection of 10(9) SRBC, two forms of specific unresponsiveness could be distinguished, referred to as intrinsic unresponsiveness and suppression. Suppression could be transferred by splenic T cells. It was short-lived and sensitive to cyclophosphamide (Cy, 100 mg/kg i.v.) given after sensitization. On the other hand, intrinsic unresponsiveness was not transferable by either serum or spleen cells. It was long-lived and resistant to Cy (200 mg/kg i.v.) given after sensitization. Induction of both transferable suppression and intrinsic unresponsiveness depended on Cy-sensitive (200 mg/kg i.v.) precursors. Since no evidence for clonal deletion could be obtained, it is suggested that unresponsiveness in general is mediated by complex cellular interactions which are readily perturbed in transfer experiments. In this way, cell recipients would end up possessing incomplete regulatory circuits, intact circuits still being present in donor animals. PMID- 6969688 TI - "Self-reactive" T cells. I. In vivo reaction of T cells to transferred polyclonally activated syngeneic and autologous lymphoblasts. AB - Polyclonally activated splenic lymphocytes (generated in mitogen-stimulated cultures) were transferred to syngeneic or autologous recipient mice. Injection of cells into the footpad of syngeneic recipients induced a regional response in the ipsilateral popliteal lymph node; intravenous cell transfer elicited a systemic splenomegaly reaction. These reactions displayed a linear log number of transferred cells/response relationship in syngeneic and autologous systems. The kinetic and magnitude of the regional response to syngeneic lymphoblasts ands to allogeneic spleen cells were comparable. No difference was apparent in the phenomenology of the in-vivo responses to syngeneic lymphoblasts induced by various T- or B-cell mitogens. The in-vivo response was: 1. stimulated by large size lymphoblasts; and 2. mediated by host T cells. Data excluded a direct involvement of mitogen or heterologous serum constituents in tissue culture medium in the described reaction. Experimental evidence argues against the involvement of virus components in the observed phenomenon. PMID- 6969689 TI - Effect of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase on the mitogen response of T lymphocytes. I. Enhancement of macrophage T-lymphocyte cooperation in concanavalin-A-induced lymphocyte activation. AB - Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) enhances the immune response of lymphocytes in various systems, such as antigen- and mitogen-induced blastogenesis, mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and tumor-cell response. We used macrophage-depleted and reconstituted murine lymph-node T-cells to investigate the effect of VCN on macrophage-T-lymphocyte co-operation in Con-A-induced lymphocyte activation. In unfractionated lymph-node cells VCN enhanced the Con-A-induced lymphocyte activation as measured by 3H-thymidine (3H-dThd) incorporation. Removing macrophages from the cells resulted in a significantly diminished response. In addition the enhancing effect of VCN was greatly reduced. Reconstitution of the lymphocyte cultures with macrophages in increasing numbers and from various sources rstored the lymphocyte response and the enhancing effect of VCN. VCN proved to be most efficient in cultures reconstituted with normal peritoneal macrophages. Some effect was also observed using bone-marrow-derived (BM) macrophages. However, higher numbers of normal PE macrophages in the presence of VCN inhibited lymphocyte activation, and inhibition by thioglycollate-broth induced macrophages was considerably increased by VCN. These results suggest that VCN acts by increasing the efficiency of macrophage-T lymphocyte interaction. PMID- 6969690 TI - Effect of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase on the mitogen response of T-lymphocytes. II. Modulation of the lymphocyte response to macrophage released factors by neuraminidase. PMID- 6969691 TI - Developmental aspects of cell-mediated immunity and findings in low birth weight infants. PMID- 6969692 TI - Studies on beta-lactamase in Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Fifteen strains of Bacteroides fragilis, five highly resistant, five moderately resistant and five sensitive to benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine, were tested for beta-lactamase production. In the highly resistant and the moderately resistant groups of strains, a correlation between formation of beta-lactamase and MIC-values was found. Culture under controlled conditions in stirred fermentors gave higher yields of beta-lactamase than static cultures in bottles. The enzyme had its maximum activity at pH 5.0 and was stable between pH 5.5-8.5. Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels gave an isoelectric point of 4.9 +/- 0.2 for the enzyme. In the presence of the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid and CP-45.899 at concentrations of 1 microgram/ml, the susceptibility to cephaloridine increased fourfold or more in the beta-lactamase-producing strains. Crypticity measurements (beta-lactamase activity broken/intact cells) with cephaloridine as substrate could indicate a diffusion barrier in the cell wall. PMID- 6969694 TI - [Therapeutic emergency endoscopy]. PMID- 6969693 TI - Methodological implications of testing anaerobe susceptibility to cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefamandole, cefoxitin). AB - By simultaneously performing broth dilution, agar dilution, and agar diffusion tests with Bacteroidaceae and Peptococcaceae, the influence of methodology upon the outcome of susceptibility testing to cefazolin, cefamandole and cefoxitin was studied. With beta-lactamase positive and negative Bacteroidaceae, the results of the broth dilution and agar dilution tests were in good agreement for cefoxitin. However, when tested with cefaxolin and cefamandole, beta-lactamase positive Bacteroides strains had mostly high broth dilution MICs and relatively low agar dilution MICs. The statistical analysis of the relationship between zone size and broth dilution or agar dilution MICs frequently showed lack of stochastic linearity or relatively low correlation coefficients. PMID- 6969695 TI - The relationship of college students' use of marijuana to parental attitudes and drug-taking behavior. AB - This study was part of an extensive survey of drug use patterns at a small private college in suburban New Jersey during the fall, 1975. Selected items from a questionnaire developed by the Inter-University Drug Survey Council of Metropolitan New York were cross-tabulated in order to examine the relationship between 379 college students' use of marijuana and their parents' attitudes and behavior relative to drug use. Significant results at the 0.01 level were found between (1) time of first marijuana use and parental attitudes toward alcohol and marijuana; (2) time of first marijuana use and parental use of barbiturates, marijuana, and pain-killers; (3) current frequency of marijuana use and parental attitudes toward alcohol and marijuana; and (4) current frequency of marijuana use and parental use of pain-killers. PMID- 6969696 TI - Social correlates of female abstinence from marijuana: results of a household survey. AB - Using data collected from a household survey carried out in Pennsylvania in 1976, this study examines the social and attitudinal correlates of female abstinence from marijuana. Generally, it is found that women with "weaker" attachments to traditional social control systems, women in "nontraditional" roles, and higher status women are more likely to be among those who have used the substance at least once than are other women. PMID- 6969697 TI - Post-repair DNA damage in X-irradiated cultured human tumour cells. AB - In three human cells lines, X-irradiation damage to DNA is quantitatively repaired in 2 hours or less. At 4 hours following single doses of 1000 rad or less, delayed or latent damage to the DNA appears in CCRF-CEM and 8402 leukaemia cells; HeLa cells under these conditions demonstrate comparatively little such post-repair DNA damage. With larger doses (2000-8000 rad), DNA in HeLa cells also exhibits post-repair damage. This damage is in the form of small acid precipitable, double-stranded DNA fragments, and is demonstrated by batch elution from hydroxylapatite and alkaline and neutral sucrose sedimentation velocity techniques. The appearance of delayed DNA damage may be an early, critical expression of radiation-induced cytotoxic progression because the lesions are dose-dependent and are apparently not repaired. PMID- 6969698 TI - Prostaglandin levels and lysosomal enzyme activities in irradiated rats. AB - Whole-body irradiation of rats results in the release of hydrolases from lysosomes, an increase in lysosomal enzyme activities, and changes in the prostaglandin levels in spleen and liver tissues. A transient increase in the concentration of prostaglandins E and F and leakage of lysosomal hydrolases occurred in both spleen and liver tissues 3-6 hours after the animals were irradiated. Maximal values for hydrolase activities, prostaglandin E and F content, and release of lysosomal enzymes were found 4 days postirradiation in rat spleens whereas in the liver only slight increases were observed at this time period for prostaglandin F levels. On day 7 there was a final rise in the spleen's prostaglandin E and F concentrations and leakage of hydrolases from the lysosomes before returning to near normal values on day 11. The prostaglandin F concentration in liver was also slightly elevated on the 7th day after irradiation and then decreased to control levels. PMID- 6969699 TI - Variation of the radiobiological oxygen constant, K, with the proliferative activity of the cells. AB - The value of K for mouse Ehrlich ascites cells depends on their phase of growth. Cells were grown either in vitro or in vivo but were irradiated and assayed in vitro. K was 1.7 times greater for cells in the exponential phase of growth than for those in plateau phase irrespective of the pre-irradiation growth conditions. PMID- 6969700 TI - Correlation between the radiobiological oxygen constant, K, and the non-protein sulphydryl content of mammalian cells. AB - The value of the radiobiological oxygen constant K has been found to depend on the concentration of non-protein sulphydryl (NPSH) within the cell. Cells in the exponential phase of growth have a higher concentration of NPSH and a higher value of K than cells in plateau phase. Binding NPSH with N-ethylmaleimide reduced the value of K and conversely, addition of NPSH as dithioerythritol increased the value of K. K also rises with the same time course as NPSH increases, when plateau phase cells are replated into fresh medium. These results support the hypothesis that free-SH groups within the cell compete with oxygen to react with radiation damaged molecules. PMID- 6969701 TI - Radiation-induced lipid peroxidation and membrane permeability in liposomes. AB - Effects of 60Co-gamma-ray on liposomal membranes were studied in terms of the correlation between lipid peroxidation and glucose efflux. Malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in glucose-retaining liposomes after gamma-irradiation was highly correlated with the increase in glucose efflux. The MDA formation, however, occurred only during irradiation in contrast to the glucose efflux which continued after irradiation. Both processes showed a dose threshold and a dependence on dose rate. A one-to-one relationship between glucose efflux and MDA formation was observed with radical scavengers. These results are discussed as a series of processes in membrane damage by ionizing radiation. PMID- 6969702 TI - Chromosome aberrations induced in human lymphocytes by ultrasoft Al (K) and C (K) X-rays. AB - Induction of structural chromosome aberrations was studied in human peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in the unstimulated state with ultrasoft X-rays. Aluminium K X-rays (1.49 ke V) and carbon K X-rays (0.28 ke V) were used. The frequencies of dicentric aberrations and of excess acentric fragments were found to increase approximately linearly with absorbed dose of both radiations. Carbon X-rays were more effective than aluminium X-rays. The corresponding linear yield coefficients for dicentrics are (3.7 X 10(-1)) Gy-1 and (2.2 X 10(-1)) Gy-1 respectively. AT low doses both these radiations are more effective than hard X rays in producing dicentric aberrations, but at high doses aluminium X-rays are less effective than hard X-rays because of the large positive curvature of the hard X-ray dose-response. The most significant observation of these experiments is that electrons of less than 280 eV, produced by carbon X-rays, are efficient in producing dicentric aberrations. This implies that single local energy events of about 14 ionizations with in less than 7 nm are able to produce exchange aberrations. PMID- 6969703 TI - The influence of pH on the enhancement of radiation damage by hyperthermia. AB - HeLa-S3 cells were treated with heat and/or radiation in medium of pH 7.4 or pH 6.7. A heat treatment at 44 degrees C for 10 min, which alone did not produce any measurable cell killing, was found to enhance the lethal effect of radiation to the same extent at pH 6.7 and 7.4. Heat alone at 44 degrees C for 30 min killed 65 per cent of cells at pH 7.4 and 90 per cent at pH 6.7 and produced a marked radiation sensitization of the survivors but only slightly more at pH 6.7 than at pH 7.4. These results support the suggestion that heat damage responsible for increase in sensitivity to subsequent irradiation is distinguishable from damage which leads to cell death after heat alone, and that heat used as a radiation sensitizer may only give a small therapeutic gain in cancer treatment, based on the lower pH of some tumour cells. PMID- 6969704 TI - Radiosensitivity in cultured human fibroblasts. PMID- 6969705 TI - Chromosome analyses of nuclear-power plant workers. PMID- 6969706 TI - Biomedical engineering specifications for epidural spinal cord stimulation to augment motor performance. AB - Stimulating electrodes were placed in the posterior portion of the epidural space in the upper thoracic spinal region in 28 patients with upper motor neuron disorders. Parameters of stimulation commonly used for chronic stimulation were a 200 microsecond pulse width, 22 Hz repetition rate, and 5 ma amplitude. Using a 16 gauge Touhy needle, platinum electrodes were passed between the posterior vertebral processes into and up the spinal epidural space to upper thoracic locations. Passive implanted receivers, powered and controlled by external RF transmitter/pulse-generator devices, were employed to provide the stimulus current to the electrodes. A description of available systems, problems and diagnosis of problems, and future directions is presented. This is based on studies in patients with stimulation systems implanted for more than six months. PMID- 6969707 TI - Epidural cathodal stimulation of the spinal cord, temporary and permanent: a short report. PMID- 6969708 TI - Electrophysiological responses and stimulus parameters associated with spinal cord stimulation. AB - Cervical somatosensory-evoked potentials and brainstem-click-evoked potentials were recorded from 10 patients with multiple sclerosis before and after a trial of spinal cord stimulation. An improvement in amplitude of the cervical somatosensory-evoked potential was seen in 7 out of 8 patients, while 3 out of 10 showed a decrease in latency of the brainstem-evoked potential. Stimulus currents were measured during spinal cord stimulation, and those patients requiring high currents to evoke a sensation did not derive clinical benefit from spinal cord stimulation. PMID- 6969709 TI - Study of sensation and muscle twitch responses to spinal cord stimulation. AB - Electrically induced sensation and muscle twitches were studied in a group of 43 patients in whom epidural electrodes were percutaneously placed for the evaluation of the effect of spinal cord stimulation on modification of their impaired motor control. Mean stimulus strength for sensory threshold was 5.25 +/- 2.75 mA and the tolerance level was at the stimulus strength of 10.8 +/- 4.4 mA. Muscle twitches with short latencies were recorded in limb and trunk muscles within the segments at the stimulating cathode. Exceptionally, higher stimuli elicited muscle twitches of distant segments. PMID- 6969710 TI - Neurophysiological evaluation of chronic spinal cord stimulation in patients with upper motor neuron disorders. AB - Spinal cord stimulation was found to be an effective method for improving motor performance in patients with upper motor neuron disorders. Electromyographic analysis of segmental and suprasegmental activity was performed in 11 patients who had used spinal cord stimulation for more than 12 months. Neurophysiological analysis of electromyographic findings revealed improvement of volitional motor control and a reduction of spasticity in the examined muscles of the lower limbs in all patients. PMID- 6969712 TI - Dissociation between humoral and cellular immune responses to lens antigens. AB - Rabbits immunized against lens extracts from various other (xenogeneic) species reacted well with the immunizing lens extracts by immunological assays measuring either humoral or cellular immune responses. A dissociation was observed, however, between the humoral and cellular immune responses when lenses from rabbit (allogeneic) or from nonimmunizing species were tested. Antibodies from these rabbits cross-reacted with lenses from rabbit or all other tested species, with levels similar to those obtained with the immunizing lens extracts. The antibodies were determined by both serological tests and the Arthus skin reaction. On the other hand, these rabbits failed to cross-react with rabbit or nonimmunizing animal lens extracts by the cell-mediated delayed skin reaction, and their lymphocytes reacted poorly in culture with the nonimmunizing lenses. A similar dissociation between the humoral and cellular responses was found in rabbits immunized against allogeneic lens. Most of these rabbits produced moderate levels of lens antibodies demonstrated by the serological tests and the Arthus skin reaction but failed to exhibit delayed-type hypersensitivity, and their lymphocyte cultures reacted poorly or not at all to the rabbit or other lenses. The results are discussed in view of their relevance to the hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of phacogenic uveitis. PMID- 6969711 TI - Agglutination of isolated rod outer segments by lectins. AB - The interactions of ten lectins with rod outer segment (ROS) plasma membranes and the effects of various haptene sugars were examined by studying agglutination in suspensions of washed ROSs. It is concluded that agglutination sites on the ROS membrane involve receptors that are recognized by eight lectins with haptene sugar preferences that include D-Gal, D-GalNAc, D-Man, and D-GlcNAc. Lectins binding alpha-L-fucose do not induce agglutination. The identification of some receptors and the significance of these results in terms of the known complexities of lectin specificities is discussed. PMID- 6969713 TI - Endothelial function in patients with cornea guttata. AB - Measurements of corneal thickness, endothelial cell size, endothelial permeability to fluorescein, and intraocular pressure were made in two groups of human subjects: 21 persons with cornea guttata (early Fuchs dystrophy without epithelial edema) and 17 persons age- and sex-matched but with normal corneas. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in all four measured variables. The two groups did not differ with respect to the variability in endothelial cell sizes. There were statistically significant positive correlations between endothelial permeability to fluorescein, endothelial cell size, and corneal thickness. The endothelial pump rate was calculated for each group, and the difference was not statistically significant. Our results suggest that the earliest defect in Fuchs' dystrophy is solely a breakdown in barrier function and thus increased permeability, resulting in a thicker cornea. PMID- 6969714 TI - Lectin receptors of rods and cones. Visualization by fluorescent label. AB - The binding of eight fluorescence-labeled lectins to visual cells was investigated. Concanavalin A (Con A) (specific for oligosaccharides containing mannose) bound evenly to the surfaces of rod outer segments (ROSs) from frog, cattle, goldfish, and turtle (Pseudemys). In frog, binding was observed on the inner segment, with intensifications at the inner/outer segment junction and in the region of the nucleus. No binding occurred on the surfaces of ROS discs. In 0.1% Triton X-100, rods formed convoluted tubular structures that bound Con A to their surfaces. Isolated cone outer segments (COSs) showed uniform fluorescence as compared with the inner segments, which displayed only surface labeling. Only lectins with an affinity for fucose (UeA, LTA) failed to bind to the ROSs and COS. Lectins with an affinity for oligosaccharides containing galactose (RCA-120, RCA-60, and PNA) bound hardly at all to the rod inner segments. Both WGA (N acetyl glucosamine) and SBA (N-acetyl galactosamine and galactose) bound indiscriminately to all ROSs, whereas PNA bound preferentially to the accessory cones. PMID- 6969715 TI - Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation in the treatment of urinary incontinence. AB - We evaluated five types of electrical stimulation (continuous, intermittent pseudorandomized, randomized (stochastic), and intermittent randomized) for their effects on muscle contraction and muscle fatigue in 12 patients with urinary incontinence. Continuous stimulation, used in the available commercial stimulators, was not optimal. Randomized (stochastic) stimulation seems to be optimal although this conclusion was not statistically confirmed. PMID- 6969716 TI - Interventional therapeutic procedures in radiology. AB - The changing role of diagnostic radiology in modern medicine is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the ever-increasing use made of diagnostic procedures for therapeutic purposes. Percutaneous catheter introduction, formerly utilized only for diagnostic vascular procedures, has now been adapted for use in the renal and biliary systems. Treatment may be definitive and may replace surgery. Examples include embolization for the control of internal hemorrhage, removal of retained biliary calculi and intravascular foreign bodies, drainage of a fluid-filled cavity, and dilatation of an area of arterial stenosis. Palliative treatment, as part of the management of malignant tumors, includes intraarterial chemotherapy, preoperative embolization and percutaneous relief of inoperable obstructions of the renal or biliary tracts. Illustrative cases are presented and the indications, techniques and complications of these procedures are discussed. PMID- 6969717 TI - [The spectrum of antinuclear and anticytoplasmatic antibodies in collagenoses]. AB - This article gives a review of antinuclear and anticytoplasmatic antibodies and their profile and antigen specificity in systemic rheumatic disease. Available methods for the detection of these autoantibodies are summarized and their diagnostic and prognostic value for autoimmune disorders discussed. PMID- 6969718 TI - [Cutaneous histiocytosis X]. AB - Histiocytosis X comprises three clinical entities whose common substrate is a localized or systemic proliferation of atypical histiocytes. On the basis of the age of manifestation, acuity of the clinical course and organ involvement Abt Letterer-Siwe's disease, Hand-Schuller-Christian's disease and eosinophilic granuloma can be differentiated from each other, although transitional varieties of these syndromes are possible. Not infrequently oligosymptomatic forms are misinterpreted, especially when the skin is the only involved organ. In the following case report cutaneous histiocytosis X will be discussed in terms of its clinical expression. Electron-microscopy has proved to be the best methods to make the diagnosis of such atypical cases. PMID- 6969719 TI - [Immunological study of alopecia areata]. AB - Sixteen patients with varying degrees of alopecia areata, without an associated disease were examined before and during a local DNCB therapy for evidence of immunological abnormalities in both cellular and humoral immune parameters. The mean values of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, complement factors C3 and C4 and of alpha 1 antitrypsin were found within the norm, of the C1-Inhibitor slight diminished. Antinuclear antibodies in low titer were observed in three, antithyroglobulin antibodies in two young patients. Immuncomplexes were always negative. The mean value for T cells (67 +/- 7%) was normal as well as the lymphocyte transformation to phytohemagglutin, pokweed-mitogen and candidin, the PPD stimulation was slight reduced. No changes in the immunprofile were observed during the DNCB therapy, with exception of a slight, but significant increase of the T cell number from 63 +/- 8% to 77 +/- 5%. Our findings exclude a common systemic immune defect in alopecia areata. PMID- 6969720 TI - Thallium myocardial scintigraphy and its use in the assessment of coronary artery disease. AB - Since coronary artery disease often first manifests as sudden death or myocardial infarction before symptoms develop, the early detection of disease may identify patients at risk for an acute event. Stress redistribution thallium-201 scintigraphy provides a useful, noninvasive method for assessing the presence of CAD as well as for evaluating the extent of disease. The principles and methods of thallium scintigraphy are described herein in addition to its clinical application. The availability of noninvasive thallium-201 scintigraphy has added to the physician's ability to accurately diagnose CAD, to objectively evaluate the effects of coronary artery bypass surgery, and to assess patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6969721 TI - The relationship between health beliefs and knowledge to exercise compliance in patients after coronary bypass. PMID- 6969722 TI - Hypnosis for the relief of hospital-induced stress. PMID- 6969723 TI - Semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics. III. Cephalosporin derivatives in the furyl series. Chemical and microbiological properties. AB - The synthesis of a series of 7-acylamido cephalosporins having a substituted furyl moiety in the side chain is described. These new cephalosporins were examined in vitro for antibacterial activity and evaluated for resistance to inactivation by beta-lactamases. PMID- 6969724 TI - Mutual pro-drugs of beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamase inhibitors. AB - The principle of combining a beta-lactam antibiotic with a beta-lactamase inhibitor in a single molecule functioning as pro-drug for the two active components is illustrated by the linked esters 3 and 4 in which ampicillin and mecillinam, respectively, are combined with the beta-lactamase inhibitor penicillanic acid sulfone. It is shown that in man these esters are excellently absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and after absorption hydrolyzed with simultaneous liberation of the active components. As a result high blood and tissue levels of antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibitor in a balanced ratio are attained. The advantages of "mutual pro-drugs" over simple combinations are discussed. PMID- 6969725 TI - Cefuroxime inhibition of cephalothin hydrolysis by the constitutive beta lactamase from E. cloacae P99. PMID- 6969727 TI - Comparison of reversed-phase and adsorption modes of high-performance liquid chromatography for the assay of fat soluble vitamins in multivitamin tablets. PMID- 6969726 TI - Nuclear accumulation of epidermal growth factor in cultured bovine corneal endothelial and granulosa cells. AB - Intracellular accumulation of intact 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (125I EGF) in corneal or granulosa cell cultures exposed to either chloroquine or leupeptin can be 10-fold higher than that observed in cultures not exposed to the lysosomal inhibitors. This has made it possible to study the translocation and accumulation of 125I-EGF in a nuclear fraction of both cell types. The accumulation of 125I-EGF was found to be dependent on the inhibitor's concentrations. Chloroquine at a concentration of 5 X 10(-5) M yielded a maximal nuclear accumulation which amounted to 18% of the total 125I-EGF present within the bovine corneal endothelial cells exposed to chloroquine. Nuclear accumulation could be detected in that cell type as early as 4 h after cultures were exposed to both chloroquine and 125I-EGF and was maximal by 24 h. Saturation of nuclear accumulation of 125I-EGF in corneal endothelial and granulosa cell cultures was observed at 20 and 10 ng/ml of 125I-EGF, respectively. After 24 h, 1.06 X 10(4) and 1.4 X 10(4) 125I-EGF molecules were found associated with granulosa or corneal endothelial nuclei, respectively. In corneal endothelial cell cultures exposed to chloroquine, a small fraction (0.6%) of 125I-EGF associated with the cell was found to be irreversibly found to a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 185,000, and 50% of these irreversible 125I-EGF . receptor complexes were found to be associated with the nuclei. PMID- 6969728 TI - Effects off short term glucocorticoid administration on intestinal calcium absorption and circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations in man. AB - These studies were performed to examine the hypothesis that glucocorticoids suppress intestinal calcium absorption in man by decreasing the circulating concentrations of biologically active vitamin D metabolites. Twelve normal adults were equilibrated for 2 weeks on a 600-mg calcium diet. After equilibration, subjects were studied for 12 days before and 14 days during the administration of prednisone (20 mg/day). After 14 days of prednisone administration, intestinal 47Ca absorption had decreased by 31% from initial values (P < 0.001). However, mean serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D did not change significantly from initial values of 28.1 +/- 1.8 and 2.09 +/- 0.17 pg/ml, respectively, and the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration was slightly increased (baseline, 34.8 +/- 3.3; day 14, 54.0 +/- 7.1 pg/ml; P < 0.02). The fasting serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentration did not change. These results demonstrate that reduced intestinal calcium absorption after glucocorticoid administration cannot be attributed to decreasing circulating concentrations of the major known vitamin D metabolites. PMID- 6969729 TI - Vitamin D metabolites and calcium metabolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function. AB - Patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) lose 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) in the urine and have low blood levels of this metabolite. This abnormality may be responsible for the hypocalcemia, i.e. low ionized calcium. The mechanism of the hypocalcemia is not evident. It is possible that the low value of 25OHD results in low blood levels of other vitamin D metabolites, such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] and 24,25-(OH)2D3; a deficiency of these compounds may cause defective intestinal absorption of calcium (alpha) and resistance to the calcemic action of parathyroid hormone (PTH), resulting in hypocalcemia. Studies were performed in 12 patients with NS and normal renal function to evaluate these questions. Blood levels of 25OHD, 1,25-(OH)2D, and 24,25-(OH)2D were all significantly (P < 0.01) lower in NS (4.0 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, 7.0 +/- 2.3 pg/ml, 1.8 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, respectively) compared to normal subjects (37.0 +/- 1.5 ng/ml, 37.0 +/- 1.2 pg/ml, and 3.4 +/- 0.2 ng/ml). Both alpha (0.21 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.27 +/- 0.1; P < 0.05) and the calcemic response to PTH (0.50 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.35 +/- 0.16 mg/dl; P < 0.01) in NS subjects were significantly lower than normal. The data indicate that 1) a deficient state of all of these vitamin D metabolites exists in patients with NS and normal renal function, 2) this abnormality underlies the defect in alpha and the resistance to the calcemic response to PTH, and all participate in the genesis of the hypocalcemia, 3) secondary hyperparathyroidism develops, and 4) both vitamin D deficiency and elevated blood levels of PTH are responsible for the bone lesions in these patients. PMID- 6969730 TI - A unique cell surface antigen identifying lymphoid malignancies of B cell origin. AB - A monoclonal antibody (anti-B1) specific for a unique B cell surface differentiation antigen was used to characterize the malignant cells from patients with leukemias or lymphomas. All tumor cells from patients with lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukemias, bearing either monoclonal kappa lambda light chain, expressed the B1 antigen. In contrast, tumor cells from T cell leukemias and lymphomas or acute myeloblastic leukemia were unreactive. Approximately 50% of acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) of non-T origin and 50% of chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis were also anti-B1 reactive. moreover, 21 of 28 patients with the common ALL antigen (CALLA) positive form of ALL were anti-B1 positive, whereas 0 of 13 patients with CALLA negative ALL were reactive. These observations demonstrate that an antigen present on normal B cells is expressed on the vast majority of B cell lymphomas and on approximately 75% of CALLA positive ALL, suggesting that these tumors may share a common B cell lineage. PMID- 6969731 TI - Impaired 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production in anephric human and pig. AB - Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D [24,25-(OH)(2)D] concentrations were measured in normal and chronically dialyzed anephric humans and pigs. Measurement of the 24, 25-(OH)(2)D was preceded by three purification steps involving one Sephadex LH-20 column and two high-pressure liquid chromatographic columns. The final high-pressure liquid chromatography step involved resolution of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D(3)-26,23 lactone and 25,26-dihydroxy vitamin D(2) from 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(2) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [24,25-(OH)(2)D(3)]. The total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) plus 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25-OHD(3))] was 31.7+/-3.6 ng/ml in the plasma of eight anephric human subjects and 40.1+/-3.7 ng/ml in five normal human subjects. Six of the eight anephric patients had undetectable (<0.2 ng/ml) 24,25-(OH)(2)D concentrations. Two of the eight patients had very low (0.51 and 0.41 ng/ml), but detectable, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(2). The normal human volunteers had plasma 24,25-(OH)(2)D concentrations of 2.8+/-0.7 ng/ml. Chronically dialyzed anephric and normal pigs were given intramuscular injections of massive amounts (5 x 10(6) IU) of vitamin D(3) immediately after surgery (day 0) and again on day 7. In anephric pigs, plasma 25-OHD(3) progressively rose from 12+/-4 ng/ml on day 0 to 705+/-62 ng/ml on day 10. The 25-OHD(3) concentrations in normal pigs rose from 8+/-2 ng/ml on day 0 to 439+/-64 ng/ml on day 10. Plasma 25-OHD(3) was higher in anephrics throughout the experiment, and concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on days 9 and 10. Plasma 24,25-(OH)(2)D(3) concentrations declined progressively in anephric pigs from 3.6+/-0.6 ng/ml on day 0 to 3.2+/-0.7 ng/ml on day 2. During days 4-10, plasma 24,25-(OH)(2)D(3) was not apparent until plasma 25-OHD(3) was >400 ng/ml. In control pigs, plasma 24,25-(OH)(2)D(3) was elevated from 4.3+/-0.6 ng/ml on day 0 to 178+/-2.7 ng/ml on day 3. Plasma 24,25 (OH)(2)D(3) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in controls on days 1-8. At the end of the experiment (day 10), 24,25-(OH)(2)D(3) concentrations were similar and not significantly different in both groups (87.0+/-18.4 ng/ml in anephric and 110.3+/-32.1 ng/ml in normal pigs). The identity of the 24,25-(OH)(2)D(3) isolated from anephric pig plasma was confirmed by mass spectroscopy. Our data suggest that anephric humans receiving normal dietary levels of vitamin D(3) have little or no ability to produce 24,25-(OH)(2)D. However, we have shown that pigs produce 24,25-(OH)(2)D(3) when plasma 25-OHD(3) is extremely high (>400 ng/ml). PMID- 6969732 TI - Expansion of Fc receptor-bearing T lymphocytes in patients with immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A myeloma. AB - Lymphocytes obtained from the blood of normal individuals and six patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma were separated into T and non-T cell populations by rosette-formation with sheep erythrocytes, and were then assayed for the presence of surface membrane Fc receptors. When compared with normal individuals, four patients with IgG myeloma had a three- to fourfold increase in T cells with IgG receptors (T gamma cells) and two patients with IgA myeloma had a two- to threefold increase in T cells with IgA receptors (T alpha cells). Patients with IgG or IgA myeloma had normal numbers of non-T lymphocytes with surface receptors for IgG and IgA, respectively. The finding that human myeloma is accompanied by elevated numbers of T cells with Fc receptors for the heavy chain class of the myeloma protein: (1) may account for the apparent "monoclonal" lymphocyte population in patients with myeloma; (b) extends to humans similar observations made in mice with secretory plasmacytomas; and (c) is of interest because T cells with Fc receptors are immunoregulatory lymphocytes. PMID- 6969733 TI - Immune complexes in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid in African trypanosomiasis. Correlation with polyclonal B cell activation and with intracerebral immunoglobulin synthesis. AB - The possible occurrence of immune complexes (IC) in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been studied in 36 patients with African trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense). In serum, very high levels of IC were detectable by the (125)I-C1q-binding and by the conglutinin-binding assays with positive results in 94 and 87%, respectively, of untreated patients. Circulating IC were found in both early and late stages of the disease, without significant quantitative differences; their size was 15-25S. There was a significant negative correlation between C3 values and C1qBA. Our studies suggest that circulating IC occurring during trypanosomiasis may be the expression of a polyclonal B cell activation. Indeed, there was a significant correlation (P < 0.001) between the levels of circulating IC and either the levels of IgM (mean value 12.5+/-7.2 mg/ml) or with the levels of rheumatoid factor-like antiimmunoglobulin antibodies that were detected by solid phase radioimmunoassay in 74% of the patients.IC were detected in 31 of 35 CSF samples, with a marked elevation in patients with definite involvement of the central nervous system as compared with earlier stages of sleeping sickness. The occurrence of IC in CSF was not related to an impairment of the blood-brain barrier as shown by analysis of CSF/serum albumin ratios. The level of IC in CSF did not correlate with the serum level and, therefore, circulating IC do not appear to cross efficiently an unimpaired blood brain barrier. The analysis of IgG, IgM, and albumin concentrations in serum and CSF demonstrates a marked intracerebral immunoglobulin synthesis in patients with manifestations of meningoencephalitis. There was a correlation between CSF-C1q binding assay and this local IgG synthesis. These data are consistent with a local formation of IC in CSF in patients with active meningoencephalitis. The results obtained in eight patients followed during therapy suggest that the presence of IC in CSF may be an indicator of a continuing central nervous system disease and that the quantitation of CSF-IC may be useful for monitoring patient care. PMID- 6969735 TI - [Uterine vessel ligation in obstetrical hemorrhage]. PMID- 6969734 TI - Mechanisms of hypergammaglobulinemia in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Site of increased antibody production and role of T lymphocytes. AB - Pulmonary sarcoidosis is a disorder in which local granuloma formation is perpetuated by activated lung T lymphocytes. The present study suggests that lung T lymphocytes may also play a critical role in modulating local production of antibodies in this disorder. In untreated patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, the numbers of IgG- and IgM-secreting cells per 10(3) lung lymphocytes are markedly increased compared with those in normal individuals (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively); the numbers of IgA-secreting cells in lavage fluid of these patients are not increased (P > 0.2). In contrast to lungs, the numbers of IgG-, IgM-, and IgA-secreting cells in blood of patients with this disorder are similar to those in normal individuals (P > 0.2, each comparison). In patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, there is a direct correlation between the percentage of bronchoalveolar cells that are T lymphocytes and the percentage of bronchoalveolar cells that secrete IgG (r = 0.79; P < 0.001); in normal individuals there is no such relationship (P > 0.2). When purified sarcoid lung T cells from patients with high proportions of T lymphocytes in their lavage fluid were co-cultured with blood mononuclear cells from normal individuals (without added antigens or mitogens), the B lymphocytes in these normal mononuclear cell suspensions were induced to differentiate into immunoglobulin-secreting cells (P < 0.01). In contrast, blood T lymphocytes from these same patients and lung T lymphocytes from sarcoidosis patients with low proportions of T lymphocytes in their lavage fluid did not stimulate normal B cells to produce immunoglobulin (P > 0.2, all comparisons). These findings suggest that in pulmonary sarcoidosis (a) the lung is an important site of immunoglobulin production; (b) activated lung T lymphocytes play an important role in modulating this local production of antibody, and thus are likely to modulate the polyclonal hyperglobulinemia observed in these individuals. PMID- 6969736 TI - [A systematic search for Ureaplasma urealyticum in vaginal swabs. The results (author's transl)]. AB - 6.6 per cent 1.069 vaginal swabs showed Ureaplasma urealyticum in our patients. Ureaplasma does not seem to alter the cytology or the physiological flora of the vagina. On the other Hand trichomonas vaginalis was often found in association with it. There is no racial predisposition to infection of the vagina with Ureaplasma. Pregnancy, however, does seem to favour the growth of this mycoplasma. But this does not seem to have any adverse effect on the progress of the pregnancy. PMID- 6969737 TI - UGI bleeding in a nonalcoholic population with portal hypertension. AB - We examined 27 patients with portal hypertension admitted because of acute UGI bleeding endoscopically within 24 hours. We identified esophageal-gastric varices as the bleeding source in 22 patients, and found no acute mucosal lesions in any of them. In only four patients was chronic liver disease due to alcohol consumption. We therefore suggest that acute mucosal lesions as a cause of UGI bleeding in patients with portal hypertension are common only in those with alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 6969738 TI - The striatal connections in frog Rana temporaria: an HRP study. AB - The ascending and descending connections of the striatum were studied in frogs by using an HRP method. The mesencephalo- and thalamo-striatal connections pass mainly in the lateral forebrain bundle and are preferentially ipsilateral. The cells sending their axons to the striatum are found in the posterolateral and posterocentral thalamic nuclei, in the ventral thalamus, in the mesencephalic tegmentum and in the torus semicircularis. The descending striatal connections are found to terminate in the ipsilateral mesencephalic tegmentum. PMID- 6969740 TI - In vitro differentiation of two surface markers for immature T cells by the synthetic pentapeptide, thymopoietin. PMID- 6969739 TI - Negatively selected H-2bml and H-2b cells stimulated with vaccinia virus completely discriminate between mutant and wild-type H-2K alleles. AB - Lymphocyte populations from B6, C-H-2bml (KbmlDb) mutant mice cannot, after both in vivo and in vitro negative selection for alloreactivity, be induced to recognize vaccinia virus presented in the context of H-2Kb. This finding may mean that the T cell receptor(s) expresses a component that is very specific for a particular "active site" on the self-H-2 molecule. Alternatively, (if recognition is directed at a virus-H-2 complex) the more similar 2 H-2 molecules are, the more likely it may be that precursor thymocytes in the mutant with the capacity to bind H-2Kb + vaccinia virus may be deleted during ontogeny as a result of cross-reaction with H-2Kbml + endogenous antigen. PMID- 6969741 TI - T lymphocyte tolerance and early appearance of virus-induced cell surface antigens in Moloney-murine leukemia virus neonatally injected mice. AB - Regression of Moloney-murine sarcoma virus- (M-MSV) induced sarcomas in normal adult mice is accompanied by generation of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). However, when neonatal mice that were injected with Moloney-murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV carrier) were subsequently challenged as adults with M MSV, the sarcomas did not regress nor did they generate CTL. This failure to produce CTL cannot be ascribed to nonspecific immunodepressive effects or to suppressor cell generation since M-MuLV carrier mice exhibit normal reactivity after allogeneic cell stimulation. Moreover, addition of M-MuLV-infected cells as the third party to cultures does not reduce activity of CTL from M-MSV immune mice. Since M-MSV and M-MuLV possess common antigens, the observed unresponsiveness was considered in relationship to induction of a T lymphocyte tolerance, which may follow introduction of foreign antigens at an early stage of development. In fact, it was observed that as early as 10 days after injection, thymus, lymph node, and spleen from M-MuLV carrier mice express virus-induced cell-surface antigens that not only are targets for M-MSV-immune CTL, but also induce in vitro a strong specific cytotoxic response. In addition, a cold target inhibition assay disclosed that the same antigens are shared by both M-MuLV infected and leukemia cells, even though they are less expressed on the surface of the former. The finding that the cytotoxicity of alloreactive lymphocytes from M-MuLV carrier mice is reduced after preincubation with M-MSV immune CTL confirms that virus infection does not bring about functional inactivation of lymphocytes. Finally, it was observed that virus antigen presence on lymphocytes from M-MuLV neonatally injected mice is closely related to subsequent leukemia development. PMID- 6969742 TI - Alloreactive cloned T cell lines. II. Polyclonal stimulation of B cells by a cloned helper T cell line. AB - A cloned helper T cell line, L2, has been derived that promotes the proliferation of cytolytic T cells with the concomitant expression of cytolytic activity. L2 helper cells also cause a polyclonal stimulation of B cells in the absence of antigen, as measured by the number of total plaque-forming cells (PFC) as well as those generated toward TNP or SRBC. The L2 helper cell function is dependent on cell number, is radioresistant, and is mediated via soluble factor(s). Maximum levels of PFC were generally observed after 4 days of culture, with IgM-secreting B cells being predominantly induced in these cultures. Both the proliferation of and stimulation by L2 helper cells are activated by Misa determinants. F1 progeny from a mating of CBA/N and DBA/2 (Mlsa) that did not bear Mlsa (NDF1) were nonstimulatory, whereas those F1 animals bearing Mlsa (DNF1) induced L2 helper cell proliferation and function. L2 helper-cell recognition of Mlsa determinants present on the responding B cell surface was not required for polyclonal helper dependent stimulation in vitro. L2 cells stimulated polyclonal antibody secretion in syngeneic as well as allogeneic B cells. Since Mls antigens are not expressed on T cells, these results indicate that regulatory T cell circuits are initiated by non-T cells, possibly B cells. PMID- 6969744 TI - Mode of action of humoral suppressor factor derived from pokeweed mitogen stimulated cord T cells of adult B cell differentiation. PMID- 6969743 TI - Identification and separation by bacterial adherence of human lymphocytes that suppress natural cytotoxicity. AB - Human lymphocyte subpopulations (B1, B2T1, T2T3, and T4, our denomination) have been previously identified by bacterial adherence, and differences in functions (mitogen responses, specific cytotoxicity, and natural killing activity) have been associated with some of these subpopulations. The natural killing activity (NK) was located in the T4 lymphocyte subpopulation. Here we investigated the possibility that lymphocytes capable of suppressing the NK activity of the T4 cells could be identified and isolated from one of the other lymphocyte subpopulations. Freshly isolated, monocyte-depleted human peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) were separated into adherent and nonadherent cells after centrifugation against various bacterial monolayers. The PBL and the resulting subpopulations of PBL were tested as effector cells in a 4-hr cytotoxicity assay against the CEM lymphoblastoid cell line. The addition of viable T2 lymphocytes to either PBL or T4 lymphocytes resulted in a significant decrease in NK activity, whereas no decrease was seen when T1, T1T3, or killed T1T2 cells were added. This decrease in NK activity was not due to a simple dilution of the active NK cells, to alteration of the lymphocytes by their processing on the bacterial monolayers, or to a competition for binding to the target cells. We concluded that the T2 lymphocyte subpopulation contains the cells capable of suppressing the ability of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (T4 subpopulation) to perform natural killing. PMID- 6969745 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus: induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses by viral antigens incorporated into liposomes. AB - The immunogenicity of inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) antigens incorporated into liposomes was measured by their ability to induce secondary anti-HSV-1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in splenocyte cultures from virus-primed mice. Such virus-specific CTL could be induced provided the liposomes contained virus along with plasma membrane antigen of the same H-2 type as that of the virus-primed responser cells. Responses did not occur in cultures stimulated with liposomes containing only viral antigens or with a mixture of liposomes composed respectively of lipid and virus with those composed of lipid and plasma membrane proteins. Moreover F1 responder cells stimulated with liposomes composed of virus and plasma membrane protein of one of the parental haplotypes produced CTL restricted in their cytotoxicity to infected targets of the same haplotype as was used in the liposome. These results show that liposomes can be used to induce anti-HSV-1 CTL with inactivated viral antigens but recognition of both viral and H-2 antigen is required for this process to occur in vitro. The implications of our findings to the preparation of subunit vaccines against HSV-1 are briefly discussed. PMID- 6969746 TI - Newborn T cell suppression: early appearance, maintenance in culture, and lack of growth factor suppression. AB - Human newborn T lymphocytes suppress the responses of adult lymphocytes to several stimuli, including the T dependent differentiation of adult B cells to plasma cells (PC) by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. We tested blood from premature babies to show that the suppressor activity for PWM-induced B cell differentiation appeared by 26 weeks' gestation. Cord blood from full term babies delivered by Caesarean section also suppressed PC differentiation showing that maternal labor is not a prerequisite for suppression. Eleven percent of freshly isolated newborn T cells bore the putative suppressor phenotype OKT 8 and 81% had the putative helper phenotype OKT 4, so the increased suppression and diminished help of newborn T cells was not associated with an imbalance of phenotypic helper or suppressor cells. The function of newborn T cells was further investigated by establishing the cells in continuous culture with T cell growth factors. The polyclonal lines obtained suppressed adult PWM-induced PC differentiation and were inefficient helpers so their functional characteristics appear to be maintained in culture without changes in the balance of help and suppression. PHA stimulated newborn lymphocytes were themselves efficient producers of T cell growth factors. We conclude that newborn T cells can suppress without lectin activation and that the suppressor activity that is found is a stable intrinsic characteristic of the cell. PMID- 6969747 TI - The in vitro response of human lymphocytes to Pneumocystis carinii antigen. AB - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (PCP) is a major complication in the immunocompromised host. Recent evidence suggests that most normal individuals have detectable antibody against this organism. The role of the various components of the immune system in protecting the host from acute PCP is unclear. We have examined the in vitro proliferative response of lymphocytes from normal adults to P. carinii antigen. Fourteen of 16 subjects had a positive response with stimulation indices greater than 3. This response was due primarily to thymus-derived (T cell) lymphocytes and was dependent upon the presence of adherent cells. The response was most likely not due to a mitogenic component in our antigen preparation, since lymphocytes from only 2 of 16 cord blood specimens had stimulation indices greater than 3. PMID- 6969748 TI - A monoclonal antibody (BA-1) reactive with cells of human B lymphocyte lineage. AB - NALM-6-M1 is an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line previously shown in our laboratory to express the pre-B lymphocyte phenotype, i.e., cytoplasmic IgM+, surface immunoglobulin-. Hybridomas were produced against this cell line by fusing spleen cells from hyperimmunized mice with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells. One monoclonal antibody derived from this fusion, designated BA-1, reacted with peripheral blood B lymphocytes, chronic lymphocytic leukemias, pre-B-ALL, most non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and most non-T, non-B-ALL. BA-1 showed weak reactivity with B lymphoblastoid cell lines and failed to react with multiple myeloma and pokeweed mitogen-induced plasma cells. BA-1 also reacted with peripheral blood granulocytes and the erythroleukemia cell line K-562. No reactivity was seen with cells of T lymphocyte origin, platelets, red cells, monocytes, or acute myelocytic leukemias. Evidence is presented indicating that the determinant recognized by BA-1 is not surface immunoglobulin, HLA-DR, or receptors for C3 or Fc. We conclude that monoclonal antibody BA-1 may be useful in the study of early stages of human B lymphocyte development. PMID- 6969749 TI - Murine T cell lines that help induction and generation of allospecific cytotoxic T cells from thymocytes. AB - Murine T cell lines that help induction and generation of allospecific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) from thymocytes cultured together with allogeneic stimulator cells have been established. It was done by successively culturing T cell blasts obtained from mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) in the medium supplemented with T cell growth factor (TCGF). The helper function of the long-term cultured T cells was antigen specific, radiation resistant, and not H-2 restricted. The helper function has been retained for more than 8 mo by the cells continually proliferating in the TCGF-supplemented medium. The T stimulated responsiveness of thymocytes to T cell mitogens. CTL activity seen in the original MLC waned rapidly during successive culture of this T cell line in TCGF medium T cell blasts from MLC successively cultured in continual presence of TCGF and the stimulator alloantigens retained strong CTL activity against the allogeneic stimulator cells for about 3 mo. All these T cell lines proliferating in TCGF medium expressed Thy 1 antigen and showed the appearance of a large T cell blast. These T cell lines could not proliferate in the absence of TCGF and lost responsiveness to T cell mitogens intrinsically. PMID- 6969750 TI - The role of antigen-presenting cells in the IgE antibody response. I. The induction of high titer IgE antibody responses in IgE high-responder and low responder mice by the administration of antigen-pulsed macrophages in the absence of adjuvants. AB - The administration of 2 i.p. injections of 2 x 10(7) ovalbumin- (OA) pulsed, syngeneic, adherent, peritoneal exudate cells (OA-pulsed macrophages [M phi]) to (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 (B6D2F1) mice promoted a persistent and high-titer anti-OA IgE response in these mice. Similarly, 2 i.p. injections of OA-pulsed DBA/2 parental M phi also induced the generation of an anti-OA IgE response in B6D2F1 mice; an identical procedure using OA-pulsed C57BL/6 parental M phi, on the other hand, elicited in most cases a very weak to negligible anti-OA IgE response. The administration of 3 i.p. injections of OA-pulsed syngeneic M phi to SJL mice also induced these "IgE nonresponder" mice to develop an anti-OA IgE response that was both boosterable and of moderate to high titer. The significance of these results with regard to the induction and regulation of the IgE antibody response is discussed. PMID- 6969751 TI - In in vitro production and cloning of the P cell, a bone marrow-derived null cell that expresses H-2 and Ia-antigens, has mast cell-like granules, and is regulated by a factor released by activated T cells. AB - A technique, based on selective culture conditions, is described for the preparation from mouse spleen of a pure population of Ig-negative, Thy.1-negative and Lyt.1- and Lyt.2-negative nonadherent cells, termed persisting (P) cells. Antigens coded for by the H2-K, H2-D, and I regions were readily detectable on the surface of P cells. P cells grew for long periods in vitro provided that a factor produced by activated T cells, but distinct from T cell growth factor, was present. It was demonstrated that P cells were bone marrow derived. When P cells were examined in suspension, a variable number of fine cytoplasmic projections could be seen waving from the cell, often at 1 pole. The nuclei varied in shape, being round, in general, but with bilobed and irregular forms occurring, and the cytoplasm contained large numbers of characteristic metachromatic granules. P cells had readily detectable Fc receptors but did not phagocytose latex particles or antibody-coated erythrocytes. P cells formed colonies in soft agar in the presence of growth factors, and cloned lines could be propagated from these colonies. The relationship of P cells to mast cells and Ia-positive accessory cells and their possible role in T cell activation is discussed. PMID- 6969752 TI - Alloimmune cytolytic T lymphocyte activity: triggering and expression of killing mechanisms in cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - Nonspecific target cells were bound to alloimmune cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) by either wheat germ agglutinin or immunoglobulin and evidence of nonspecific target cell killing was sought by the 51Cr-release method. None was found. Thus, merely "gluing" CTL to target cells is not sufficient to effect target cell destruction. In order to determine if the killing mechanisms of CTL, once triggered, would kill adhering nonspecific target cells, CTL with adhering nonspecific target cells were mixed with specific targets. Under these conditions specific target cells were killed but the nonspecific target cells adhering to CTL by virtue of either wheat germ agglutinin or immunoglobulin bridges were not. Thus, when antigen-specific receptors on CTL interact with specific target cell antigens, killing mechanisms are activated in a local restricted manner rather than globally throughout the surface of the CTL. PMID- 6969753 TI - Isolation of a subset of thymocytes inducible for terminal transferase biosynthesis. AB - A new technique using direct binding of nucleated hematopoietic cells to PNA coated rabbit red blood cell monolayers was used to separate PNA + and PNA - cells from murine thymus. The rigorously purified PNA - thymocyte population was found to lack TdT and to be low in TL. Incubation of the negative fraction with TP 5 resulted in the synthesis of TdT in a large number of cells in the fraction, and the appearance of TL on the surface of about 20% of the cells. Isolation of this inducible population has led us to propose a new class of cells in intrathymic T cell development. PMID- 6969754 TI - I-region-restricted long-term cultured T cells with helper function for thymic cytotoxic precursor cells. AB - T cells with specific helper function (TM) for the differentiation of thymic cytotoxic T cell precursors (pCTL) into anti-self-TNP effector cells could be enriched in vitro by multiple stimulations with TNP-syngeneic cells after in vivo sensitization with the same hapten. H-2K/D-restricted cytotoxic effector cells (CTL), initially present in such cultures, were often lost after 4 to 6 stimulations without affecting the maintenance of specific TM. I-region homology between responding and hapten-treated stimulating cells was necessary both to induce strong proliferative responses and to maintain the propagation of cells with TH function. The analysis of the interaction between the lines of TH and pCTL indicated that H-2 homology was required between thymocyte responding cells, helper lines and hapten-treated stimulating cells in order to obtain anti-hapten self CTL, but Ig-1 allotype homology was not required. PMID- 6969755 TI - Separation and characterization of two component tumor lines within the AKR lymphoma, AKTB-1, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and flow microfluorometry analysis. I. the coexistence of sIg+ and sIg- sublines. AB - The AKTB-1 tumor line, previously described as having both T and B cell characteristics, was separated by electronic cell sorting (ECS) on a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) on the basis of surface immunoglobulin (sIg). This resulted in 2 distinct sIg+ and sIg- subpopulations, which were transferred in graded doses (10(1) to 10(3)) into groups of normal AKR animals. The resulting splenic tumor cells were analyzed at several time points by flow microfluorometry for surface characteristics (sIg, Thy 1, Lyt 2, and Ly9) and by erythrocyte antibody rosetting for FcR. Two distinct sublines were identifiable--one of which was sIg+, FcR-, Thy 1.1+, Lyt 2.1+, PNA+, Ly9+ and the other of which was sIg+, FcR+, Thy 1.1-, Lyt 2.1-, PNA-, Ly 9+. When these 2 sublines, generated by ECS fractionation and high dilution transfer, were serially transferred at high doses (10(5)), they maintained their unique characteristics as distinct sublines, now designated AKTB-1t and AKTB-1b. PMID- 6969756 TI - Cell cycle related heterogeneity of Ia antigen expression on a murine B lymphoma cell line:analysis by flow cytometry. AB - In this investigation we have used quantitative flow cytometry to study the expression of I region antigens on an established B lymphoma cell line, WEHI-231. Although a majority of the WEHI-231 cells do not react with antisera against the Ia.7 (I-E/C) or Ia.8 (IaA) antigens, a distinct subpopulation of cells, comprising 20 to 30% of the total population, reacts strongly with these alloantisera. Several mechanisms were proposed to explain this intratumor Ia antigen heterogeneity: 1) the effect of volume (surface area) heterogeneity on antigen expression; 2) the existence of a stable variant of Ia+ cells in the cell line; 3) cell cycle regulation of Ia antigen expression. The first possibility was excluded on the basis of FCM analysis, which failed to detect any relationship between cell volume and fluorescence intensity of anti-Ia stained cells. Additionally, the rapid reappearance of Ia antigen heterogeneity within Ia and Ia+ lines, sorted by the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, argued against the presence of a stable variant population of Ia+ cells. Rather, our data suggest that cell cycle related events are responsible for the Ia antigen heterogeneity. The Ia.7+ sorted cells were shown to be significantly enriched in the G0/G1 phase of the growth cycle. In contrast, it was the Ia.8- cells that were enriched in this phase of the cell cycle. These results suggest that the I-A and I-E/C region gene products are independently regulated in this cell line and imply that similar controls may possibly influence Ia antigen expression on normal B lymphocytes. PMID- 6969758 TI - Functional characterization of the killer-helper factor responsible for the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from thymocytes, and evidence for the nature of this factor as distinct from T cell-replacing factor (TRF) in regard to B cell triggering. PMID- 6969757 TI - Fc fragment activation of T lymphocytes. I. Fc fragments trigger Lyt 1+23- T lymphocytes to release a helper T cell-replacing activity. AB - Fc fragments of human IgG stimulate both proliferation and polyclonal antibody formation by B lymphocytes. T lymphocytes, although not proliferating in response to Fc fragments, are triggered to produce a T cell-replacing factor, which substitutes for T cells in the Fc fragment-induced polyclonal response. The factor is produced within 24 hr after Fc stimulation. Neither Fab fragments nor whole IgG have the capacity to stimulate the release of this activity. This material is a product of Lyt 1+23-, Ia-T lymphocytes and requires Ia+ adherent accessory cells for production. The role of the accessory cell is to process the Fc fragments to biologically active 14,000-daltons subfragments, which directly trigger T cells to factor production. This material has been called (Fc)TRF to distinguish it from other T cell factors. PMID- 6969759 TI - Mechanisms in T cell leukemogenesis. II. T cell responses of preleukemic BALB/c mice to Moloney leukemia virus antigens. AB - The T cell responses of Moloney leukemia virus (MoLV)-infected preleukemic BALB/c mice were examined. The major in vitro response detectable was T cell blastogenesis in response to the major viral envelope protein MoLV gp71 and an internal viral protein p12. The majority of the preleukemic mice had readily detectable responses to gp71, whereas the presence of a response to p12 was less consistent. With both antigens, T cell blastogenesis showed typical antigen response characteristics similar to those detected in other immune responses to C type viruses. Proliferation was dependent on a Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, 2- population and was macrophage-independent. In contrast to most immune responses to C-type viruses, which are temporally restricted, T cell blastogenesis was detectable throughout the preleukemic period of 4 to 16 wk of age. During this period neither gp71-specific T cells nor PHA-responsive T cells were found to express viral antigens. The correlations between T cells responding to gp71 and leukemia were examined. Under conditions in which MoLV inoculation of BALB/c mice does not induce leukemia, no T cell responses were deectable. These results suggest a causal relationship between the presence of antigen-specific T cells and the ability of MoLV to induce leukemia. The results are discussed with reference to the possible role of chronic immune stimulation in virus-induced leukemogenesis. PMID- 6969760 TI - Requirement of T cells for the development of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in obese strain (OS) chickens. AB - A combination of neonatal thymectomy and intensive treatment with a highly specific turkey anti-chicken T cell serum effectively abrogates the spontaneous development of thyroiditis and thyroglobulin autoantibodies in the Obese strain chicken. Thus, in addition to a restraining influence of suppressor T cells on the disease process indicated by earlier studies, it would appear that T cells also make a positive contribution to pathogenesis. PMID- 6969761 TI - Variation in the synthesis of membrane proteins of human T lymphocytes during mitogenic activation: recognition of a 70,000 dalton protein with anti-p23,30 heteroantiserum and a novel 42,000 dalton protein with anti-p44,12 heteroantiserum. AB - Membrane proteins of [35S]methionine-labeled, human T lymphocytes were analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gradient slab gel electrophoresis and autoradiography each day during a 6-day period of activation with phytohemagglutinin or with concanavalin A. This process was characterized by the novel appearance and limited duration of synthesis of many proteins, in particular of 30, 35, 48, 50, and 55 kilodalton molecules in the early days of blast transformation and subsequently of 120, 125, 135, and 145 kilodalton proteins. The HLAA-A,-B antigens and beta 2-microglobulin, as recognized by anti-p44,12 serum, were synthesized by both resting and mitogen-activated T cells on each day of culture. But, an additional 42-kilodalton protein was recognized with this same antiserum on days 4 and 5 of activation. A 70-kilodalton protein, immunoprecipitated by anti-p23,30 (anti-HLA-protein, immunoprecipitated by anti-p23,30 (anti-HLA-DR) heteroantiserum, was synthesized principally on days 2 and 4 of mitogenic transformation. This molecule was absent from normal, resting T cells, the T cell line, CCRF-CEM, and the B cell line, Raji. In a parallel test, the same anti p23,30 serum detected the conventional HLA-DR bimolecular glycoprotein complex of 29 and 34 kilodaltons in nonionic detergent solubilized Raji B cell membrane preparations. This study described in detail the molecular changes in the membrane proteins of activated T lymphocytes and included the definition of novel forms of HLA-A,B and HLA-DR associated molecules. PMID- 6969762 TI - Regulation of the in vitro secondary antibody response. II. Antigen-induced murine splenic T cell proliferation. PMID- 6969763 TI - Helper cells in murine thymus for the generation of primary cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro. AB - Thymocytes used as responding cells in a mixed leukocyte culture with gamma irradiated splenic stimulating cells generated highly significant proliferative and cytolytic responses when responding and stimulating cells differed by the entire H-2 complex or at H-2K plus H-21 regions. On the other hand, when the difference was only an H-2K region, very little, if any, proliferative response was detectable and no cytolytic response was found. Because it has been claimed by others that thymocytes do not include cells needed to provide the help required for the generation of a cytolytic response and yet we have found a highly significant response in thymocytes, we have analyzed, in 2 systems, the possible role of back-response by stimulating spleen cells in the generation of cytolytic activity by responding thymocytes. In the first system, spleen cells were depleted of T lymphocytes by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antiserum plus complement. In the second system, F1 hybrid mouse spleen cells were used to stimulate parental responding thymocytes. In both cases, no back-response as measured by cell proliferation in mixed leukocyte culture was detected, while both types of spleen cells still stimulate significant cell proliferation and cytolytic activity from responding thymocytes, as well as from responding spleen cells. Furthermore, it was found that in the presence of stimulating spleen cells (either T lymphocyte-depleted or not) that differ from the responding thymocytes at the entire H-2 complex, thymocytes were capable of generating a significant and specific cytolytic response to H-2K region different stimulating spleen cells (either T lymphocyte-depleted or not). These results are compatible with the suggestion that there are sufficient numbers of helper cells in the unfractionated thymocyte population for the generation of primary cytolytic T lymphocyte responses in vitro. PMID- 6969764 TI - Kartagener's syndrome with situs inversus totalis, agenesis of frontal sinuses and bilateral cervical rib. PMID- 6969765 TI - A new genetic marker of human T lymphoid cells detected by a xenogenic monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6969766 TI - The major histocompatibility complex of rhesus monkeys. XIII. Current knowledge of DR and other B-cell specific antigens. AB - Results of a population study with all currently available B-cell specific alloantisera indicate that eight antigens controlled by the RhLA-linked DR locus can now be identified. This leaves a gene frequency of about 0.15 for unidentified or "blank" antigens of that locus. Of the nine identifiable Ia antigens which are not controlled by the DR locus, three or four may form the basis of a second series which is probably also controlled by the RhLA region. PMID- 6969767 TI - Tolerance induction in mice selected for high or low antibody responsiveness. AB - Induction of tolerance to bovine serum albumin was studied in mice selected for high (H) or low (L) antibody responsiveness and in their F1 hybrids. No high or low zone tolerances were obtained in H mice whereas L mice were susceptible to tolerance induction by the two schedules. H mice were immunized by repeated injections of tolerogenic BSA for low zone tolerance induction but not after the administration of a single high dose of tolerogenic BSA. Resistance to tolerance induction is dominant in F1 hybrids. PMID- 6969768 TI - Fibronectin in von Willebrand's disease and thrombasthenia: role in platelet aggregation. AB - Fibronectin is involved in cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion processes. Since von Willebrand's disease and thrombasthenia are characterized, respectively, by platelet-substratum and platelet-platelet adhesion anomalies, we investigated the state of fibronectin in platelets and plasma of these two disorders as well as the role of plasma fibronectin in platelet aggregation. The levels of platelet and plasma fibronectin in three cases of von Willebrand's disease and in three cases of thrombasthenia did not show statistically significant differences as compared with the normal controls. Immunofluorescent staining intensity and patterns of disease-derived and normal platelets, studied with anti-fibronectin antibodies, were similar. Furthermore, 125I-labeled protein A binds to anti-fibronectin-treated platelets from the two diseases investigated in the same fashion as in normal controls. No role for plasma fibronectin was detected in platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, collagen, epinephrine, and arachidonic acid. Thus our results do not indicate a direct quantitative role of fibronectin in the adhesion anomalies encountered in these diseases. However, fibronectin may still be important to platelet adhesion and normal hemostasis processes through interactions with the plasma von Willebrand factor and the membrane glycoproteins IIb and III, which have been shown to be deficient in von Willebrand's disease and thrombasthenia, respectively. PMID- 6969769 TI - Studies on autoantibodies to deoxyribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleoprotein with enzyme-immunoassay (ELISA). AB - Simple, rapid, quantitative, and reproducible ELISA procedures were developed for the determination of antibodies to DNA and NP in human sera. The results are reported in International Units per milliliter, based on the WHO reference preparation of anti-nuclear factor serum. The results of both tests are significantly correlated with anti-dsDNA values obtained by an RIA (Farr technic) and by the Crithidia luciliae IF assay. The anti-DNA and anti-NP ELISA test results were more frequently positive in SLE sera than were screening tests for anti-dsDNA by the Crithidia procedure or anti-NP detection by a latex agglutination test. Parallel tests in 284 sera from patients for anti-DNA and anti-NP by ELISA showed a significant correlation between the two antibody values. However, 17% of the specimens were positive for antibodies to one antigen but not the other, whereas other specimens showed a strong predominance of one antibody over the other. Absorption studies confirmed the differing antibody specificities measured by the two assays. The ELISA anti-DNA results were inhibited by native DNA, NP, and denatured DNA in increasing order of efficiency. In contrast, the antibodies against NP were strongly inhibited by NP but only very slightly by dsDNA or denatured DNA. Other antigens, including histones, ribonucleic acid, extractable nuclear antigens, and aggregated human IgG, inhibited only slightly or not at all in either assay. PMID- 6969770 TI - Calcium metabolism in bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana). AB - Non-feeding bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles can maintain their body Ca concentration in artificial pond waters containing a range of Ca concentrations. The rate of uptake of 45Ca increases when the tadpoles are pre-adapted to a low Ca pond water and declines when they are pre-adapted to high Ca. Measurement of drinking rate shows that drinking could account for only 5% of the influx. From in vitro experiments, it is estimated that about 70% of the influx occurs accoss the gills, and about 25% through the skin. Calcitonin decreases accumulation of 45Ca while 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 increases it; parathyroid hormone was without effect. Efflux of 45Ca was unchanged by calcitonin or parathyroid hormone. PMID- 6969771 TI - Extracellular idiotypic immunoglobulin arising from human leukemic B lymphocytes. AB - The peripheral blood lymphocytes of nine out of nine patients with typical surface Ig-positive chronic lymphocytic leukemia but no paraprotein visible on serum electrophoresis have been shown by radioimmunoassay to export small amounts of pentameric IgM during culture (in the range of 2.4-7.2 ng/10(7) cells per h); three out of nine also exported monomeric IgD (0.7-1.4 ng/10(7) cells per h). Immunoglobulin turned over on the cell surface did not appear to contribute to material in the culture fluid, except possibly as vesicle-bound Ig. In three cases, which included two of the IgD producers, anti-idiotypic antibody raised against the cell surface Fab mu was used to demonstrate the idiotypic nature of the exported Ig. Anti-idiotypic antibody was also used to measure levels of idiotypic Ig in the sera of these three patients as a proportion of the total Ig. Total serum IgM was depressed in all three patients, and the idiotypic IgM represented 43%, 65%, and 96% of the IgM. The findings suggest that in typical chronic lymphocytic leukemia involving B lymphocytes, the export of a small amount of idiotypic Ig by the neoplastic cells in a common or even usual occurrence. PMID- 6969772 TI - Hapten-specific T cell responses to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl. VI. Evidence for different T cell receptors in cells that mediate H-21-restricted and H-2D restricted cutaneous sensitivity responses. AB - We have previously shown that cross-reactive sensitivity (CS) responses induced by 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl-O-succinimide (NP-O-Su) and elicited by its 5 iodo analogue, 4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl acetyl-O-succinimide were observed in strains of mice possessing the Igh-1b allotype, but not in strains bearing allotypes Igh-1c or Igh-1j. These CS responses are mediated by T cells and can be transferred to naive recipients that are homologous at either the H-2K, H-2I, or H-2D regions of the major histocompatibility complex. We now extend our analysis of cross-reactive 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl-acetyl (NP)-induced CS responses to inbred strains of mice expressing additional Igh-1 allotypes. In contrast to NP induced delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, which only display 4-hydroxy-5 iodo-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NIP) cross-reactivity in Igh-1b-bearing mice, cross reactive CS responses can also be elicited in NP-primed mice carrying the Igh-1d, Igh-1e, or Igh-1f allotypes. Moreover, cross-reactive NP-induced CS responses could be transferred by NP-O-Su-primed lymph node cells from the AKR (Igh-1d) strain, into naive recipients homologous at the H-2D region, but only non-cross reactive NP responses could be transferred into strains homologous at the H-2I region. Furthermore, the lack of cross-reactivity in the Igh-1j-bearing C3H strain was not the result of an inability of these mice to recognize NP in association with H-2K/D products, because NP-O-Su-primed cells from C3H donors transferred NP-specific CS responses into both H-2D and H02I homologous recipients. The results are discussed with respect to the nature of the T cell receptors that control NP responses. PMID- 6969773 TI - Limited proteolysis by macrophage elastase inactivates human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. AB - Inflammatory mouse peritoneal macrophages secrete a metalloproteinase that is not inhibited by alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. This proteinase, macrophage elastase, recognizes alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor with macrophage elastase does not involve a stable proteinase-inhibitor complex and results in the proteolytic removal of a peptide of apparent molecular weight 4,000-5,000 from the inhibitor. After degradation by macrophage elastase, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is no longer able to inhibit human granulocyte elastase, a serine proteinase implicated in the pathogenesis of emphysema. Macrophage elastase apparently does not degrade human granulocyte elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes or release active granulocyte elastase from these complexes. The ability of macrophage elastase to degrade alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is inhibited by EDTA and alpha 2 macroglobulin. PMID- 6969775 TI - Selective suppression of retroviral gp70-anti-gp70 immune complex formation by prostaglandin E1 in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The effect of pharmacologic quantities of prostaglandin E1 (PGE) was investigated in three strains of mice (NZB X NZW, MRL/1, and BXSB) that spontaneously develop lupus-like glomerulonephritis. PGE-treatment prolonged survival and retarded the glomerular deposition of immune complex (IC) and the development of glomerulonephritis in NZB X NZW and MRL/1 mice, but did not similarly protect BXSB mice. Changes in the responsive strains correlated well with reduced amounts of circulating gp70 complexed with anti-gp70 antibodies compared with untreated controls, although total concentrations of gp70 (free and complexed) detectable in sera were similar in both groups of mice. The results strongly suggest that: (a) PGE selectively suppressed the immune response to retroviral gp70, (b) PGe had little effect on the quantity or quality of anti-DNA antibodies but did reduce the deposition of anti-DNA containing IC in the kidneys, and (c) gp70 IC appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6969776 TI - Demonstration of a soluble mediator that induces exudates rich in Ia-positive macrophages. AB - Previous studies have shown that Listeria monocytogenes-immune T cells, adoptively transferred into normal mice with killed Listeria organisms, induced peritoneal exudates rich in Ia-positive macrophages. We show now that culture fluids generated by Listeria-immune exudate cells and Listeria contain an activity that elicits Ia-rich exudates when injected intraperitoneally. The factor that recruits Ia-positive macrophages must be injected several times during a 2-d period for optimal demonstration of its activity. The induction of the factor is immunologically specific and requires Ia-positive macrophages, primed T lymphocytes, and antigen challenge. The factor is a nondialyzable protein and is not genetically restricted in its activity. The macrophages in the exudates induced by the factor bear Fc receptors, take up latex, synthesize I-A, but bear few C3 receptors. We have thus identified an immune mediator capable of controlling the Ia phenotype of the exudate macrophages. PMID- 6969774 TI - Maternally transmitted target antigen for unrestricted killing by NZB T lymphocytes. AB - A new target antigen for unrestricted killing was defined by NZB T lymphocytes which were immunized and restimulated with H-2-identical BALB/c spleen cells. These effector cells killed nearly all target cells tested, irrespective of their H-2 type, but did not kill NZB target cells. The response was shown to have three major components: unrestricted killing specific for Qed-1b, H-2d-restricted killing specific for minor histocompatibility antigens, and unrestricted killing specific for a new antigen, Mta. Mta is present on normal and mitogen-stimulated T and B lymphocytes and on several tumor lines. It was found on cells from 26 mouse strains tested, including two substrains of NZB, representing 9 different H 2 types and 14 different non-H-2 backgrounds. Analysis of the NX8 recombinant inbred lines (derived from Mta-NZB/Icr and Mta+C58/J parents) suggested that Mta is maternally transmitted. This was confirmed by typing of reciprocal F1 hybrids and backcrosses between positive and negative strains: Mta+ females bear Mta+ offspring and Mta- females Mta- offspring, irrespective of the phenotype of the males. PMID- 6969777 TI - T cell regulation of IgG subclass antibody production in response to T independent antigens. AB - The effect of T lymphocytes on the IgM, IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a responses of B lymphocytes to the type-2 T-independent antigens, trinitrophenylated (TNP) Ficoll, and TNP-Levan, was investigated. T cell-bearing nu/+ mice were found to produce substantially higher IgG2 serum anti-TNP antibody than their athymic counterparts, and nu/nu and nu/+ IgG2a titers exhibiting more disparity than nu/nu and nu/+ IgG2b titers. The Igm, IgG3, and IgG1 anti-TNP levels in nu/nu and nu/+ mice were indistinguishable. By cell transfer experiments, it was determined that this variance in nude and heterozygote IgG2 responses could not be explained by B cell differences between the two strains or by suppressive effects on IgG2 production within nu/nu mice. Rather, the difference was shown to be the result of the absence of T cells at the time B cells were responding to antigen. In the absence of T cells, the strength of the nu/nu anti-TNP antibody response was found to be in the following order: IgM > IgG3 > IgG1 > IgG2b > IgG2a, a heirarchy identical with the recently proposed heavy chain gene order. The possibilities that T cells influence IgG2 production via their specific recognition of IgG2-bearing B cells or via signals to increase heavy chain switching of responding B cell clones are discussed. PMID- 6969779 TI - Lyb-2 system of mouse B cells. Evidence for a role in the generation of antibody forming cells. AB - The Lyb-2 cell-surface alloantigens of the mouse are selectively and perhaps exclusively expressed in the B lymphocyte lineage, but not on antibody- forming cells. Thus if the Lyb-2 molecule is concerned in specific B cell function, it must participate in the generative phase of the antibody response. Accordingly, monoclonal Lyb-2 antibody was found to depress the plaque- forming cell (PFC) response to sheep erythrocytes in 5-d Mishell-Dutton assays when added within the first 3 d of culture, but not later. The rate of PFC generation was not affected, signifying an absolute reduction in the number of PFC generated. Because reduction of PFC counts by Lyb-2 antibody was not affected by exclusion of Lyt 2(+) T cells, it is unlikely that the reduction depends on augmented suppression by T cells. Augmented B cell- mediated suppression is also unlikely, because the PFC response of serial combinations of congenic Lyb-2.1 and Lyb-2.2 cells, in the presence of monoclonal Lyb-2.1 antibody, was reduced only in direct proportion to the number of Lyb-2.1 cells present. The PFC response of Lyb-2.1/Lyb-2.2 heterozygous cells was not reduced by Lyb-2.1 antibody, presumably because generation of PFC is impeded only if most Lyb-2 sites are blocked. Further evidence that the molecule identified by Lyb-2 plays a critical role in the generation of antibody-forming cells (AFC) in response to T-dependent antigen comes from the finding that Lyb-2 antibody does not reduce the PFC response to the T-independent antigens trinitrophenylated (TNP) Brucella abortus and TNP FicolI, although elimination of Lyb-2(+) cells from the starting population by Lyb-2 antibody and complement reduces the PFC response to T- dependent and T independent antigens alike. PMID- 6969780 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses by chimeric thymocytes. Self-recognition is determined early in T cell development. AB - In this study the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition pattern of thymocytes from recently reconstituted parent leads to F1 and F1 leads to parent radiation bone marrow chimeras was investigated. Chimeric thymocytes were entirely of donor origin approximately 4 wk after irradiation and reconstitution but were not capable of autonomously generating either alloreactive or trinitrophenyl (TNP) modified-self-reactive CTL responses. However, in the presence of interleukin-2 (I1-2), the the putative T helper cell product, CTL could be generated in vitro by thymocytes from recently reconstituted chimeras. Experiments with thymocytes from A leads to A X B and A X B leads to A chimeras revealed the following: (a) thymocytes from both types of chimeras were nonreactive to either A or B parental major-histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants even though they were alloreactive to third-party stimulator cells; and (b) thymocytes from these chimeras were restricted to the recognition of TNP in association with MHC determinants syngeneic to the chimeric host. Thus, these experiments demonstrate that even at the earliest time CTL effectors of donor origin from the thymuses of chimeras can be studied, their self-receptor repertoire has already been restricted to recognition of host MHC determinants. These results support the concept that the host environment influences the self-recognition capacity of T cells at the pre- or intrathymic stage of differentiation. PMID- 6969778 TI - In vitro analysis of allogeneic lymphocyte interaction. V. Identification and characterization of two components of allogeneic effect factor, one of which displays H-2-restricted helper activity and the other, T cell-growth factor activity. AB - An allogeneic effect factor (AEF) derived from mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) cultures of alloactivated A.SW (H-2s) responder T cells and irradiated A/WySn (H 2a) stimulator spleen cells helps an in vitro primary anti-erythrocyte plaque forming cell PFC response of BALB/c nude spleen cels and also A/WySn but not A.SW T cell-depleted spleen cells. AEF activity is adsorbed by anti-Ik and anti-I-Ak but not by anti-I-Jk, anti-I-ECk, and anti-Is. Gel filtration of ACA 54 resolves AEF into two main components that which appear in the 50,000- to 70,000-mol wt (component I) and 30,000- to 35,000-mol wt (component II) regions, respectively. Component I has a mol wt of 68,000, elutes from DEAE-Sephacel at 0.05-0.1 M NaCl, and has an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.8. It helps A/WySn but not A.SW B cells and, therefore, is H-2 restricted. Component II is not H-2 restricted, because it helps both A.SW and A/WySn B cells. It also stimulates (a) the growth of a long term cytotoxic cell line in vitro, (b) Con A-induced thymocyte mitogenesis, and (c) the generation of cytotoxic T cells. The latter three properties of component II are not shared by component I. In addition, component II elutes from DEAE Sephacel at 0.15-0.2 M NaCl and has a pI of 4.3 and 4.9. Ia determinants and Ig VH, CH, L-chain, and idiotypic determinants are not present on either component I or component II. The properties of component II are identical to that of a T cell growth factor produced by Con A-stimulated spleen cells. It is suggested that the H-2-restricted component I of AEF might be an MLR-activated responder T cell derived Ia alloantigen receptor. PMID- 6969783 TI - Hemophilus influenzae pharyngitis and cellulitis in adults. AB - Hemophilus influenzae infections in adults are becoming more common but are often unsuspected in this age group by the primary care physician. Two case reports illustrate pharyngitis, and pharyngitis associated with cellulitis of the neck, in which H influenzae was cultured from the blood. The throat and skin are only two of the many sites for H influenzae infections in adults. As no physical signs are pathognomonic for this organism, its possible role should influence the choice of antibiotics while awaiting culture results. Newer cephalosporins, especially cefamandole and cefoxitin, appear promising in the treatment of these infections. PMID- 6969782 TI - Identification of a human T lymphocyte surface protein associated with the E rosette receptor. AB - We describe a new monoclonal murine antibody that reacts with a 50,000-mol wt polypeptide that appears to be present on all E-rosetting cells. We conclude that this antigen is either identical to or closely associated with the E receptor because of (a) the high degree of concordance between E-rosette formation and 9.6 antigen expression, (b) the inhibition of rosette formation by preincubation of cells with 9.6 antibody, and (c) the observed failure of cells lysostripped of 9.6 antigen to form E-rosettes. This last finding suggests cocapping of 9.6 antigen and the E receptor. PMID- 6969784 TI - Hemophilus vaginalis vaginitis in children--two cases. PMID- 6969781 TI - Precursors of murine B lymphocytes. Physical and functional characterization, and distinctions from myeloid stem cells. AB - The emergence of functional B cells was monitored in irradiated or unirradiated CBA/N recipients of either adult bone marrow or fetal liver from CBA/HT6T6 donors. The cells that are primarily responsible for the generation of B lymphocytes, at least during the first 6 wk, are rapidly sedimenting (4.5-6 mm/h), lack surface immunoglobulin, and are found in both the adult bone marrow and the fetal liver from day 12 onward. These pre-B cells are distinct from the colony-forming unit spleen (CFU-s) as demonstrated by the following criteria: (a) absence from yolk sac (19), (b) lack of correlation between CFU-s number and the ability to generate B cells in fetal liver populations of different ages of gestation, and (c) hybridoma antibodies that significantly inhibited B cell reconstitution but have no effect on CFU-s numbers. The antigen detected by this antiserum is present on both the fetal liver and bone marrow B cell progenitor, although its expression is not restricted to the B lineage. The pre-B cells that we monitor are not homogeneous, however, as both physical and functional differences are found. These observations reinforce our thesis that committed progenitor cells for the humoral immune system are formed early in development and thereafter constitute the major precursor pool for the generation of B lymphocytes. PMID- 6969785 TI - Surgical management of main left coronary artery disease. PMID- 6969786 TI - Phylogenetic distribution of neuron-specific enolase. AB - Neurons and neuroendocrine cells contain a unique isoenzyme of the glycolytic enzyme enolase which is not found in other cells. This acidic enolase isoenzyme has been designated neuron specific enolase or NSE and is easily identified by its elution on DEAE sephadex. The present study shows that brain tissue from species such as yeast, fish and frog do not contain appreciable amounts of acidic "NSE-like" enolase suggesting that lower species do not have this neuronal isoenzyme. PMID- 6969787 TI - Acetylcholine synthesizing enzymes in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Acetylcholine synthesis in homogenates of frog sartorius muscle was measured by a radiometric method with a low blank. Choline acetyltransferase activity was very low (Vmax, 2nmol . g-1 . h-1, Km for choline, approx. 50 microM). The enzyme was found only in the endplate area and disappeared after denervation; it was inactivated by 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine. At high substrate concentrations its activity was overshadowed by the acetylcholine-synthesizing activity of a different enzyme not saturated by 10 mM-choline. The non-specific enzyme was present at and away from the endplate area, and it was not affected by denervation. PMID- 6969789 TI - Haemophilus influenzae infections of cerebrospinal fluid shunts. Report of two cases. AB - Two (1%) of 165 episodes of Haemophilus influenzae infection of the central nervous system occurred in patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunts. Both cases were caused by strains that could not yet be typed. The clinical presentation was similar to that of other forms of shunt infection, yet the pathogenesis may be similar to that of H. influenzae meningitis in children without shunts. Systemic antibiotic therapy, without shunt replacement or intraventricular antibiotic administration, may be more successful in shunt infections caused by H. influenzae than in those caused by other organisms. PMID- 6969790 TI - Location of active lower GI bleeding by technetium-99m sulfur colloid scan. PMID- 6969788 TI - Radiation therapy of a choroid plexus papilloma of the cerebellopontine angle with bone involvement. Case report. AB - A case is reported of cerebellopontine angle choroid plexus papilloma with overlying bone destruction. Its favourable response to radiation therapy following subtotal excision is described. PMID- 6969791 TI - Seven-pinhole tomography--a technical description. AB - A single-photon emission tomography system was developed and studied. Based upon a seven-pinhile-collimated Anger camera, interfaced to a digital minicomputer, this imaging configuration yielded seven independent, nonoverlapping projection images of the radioactivity in a commonly viewed volume. The computer was used to implement an iterative algorithm that processed these projections to yield a three-dimensional reconstruction of the soruce distribution. The algorithm provudes a nonlinear first approximation to the reconstruction, then use a single iteration technique to reduce errors resulting from that approximation. Point spread functions (PSF) at various distances from the collimator face, and point source sensitivity (PSS) at a location in the middle of the reconstruction volume were determined. The system was used for thallium-201 imaging, where it was shown to reduce imaging time and increase sensitivity without loss in specificity when compared with standard parallel-hole-collimated imaging. Seven-pinhole tomography is a practical three-dimensional imaging system that has been demonstrated to be useful in the emission cardiology setting. PMID- 6969792 TI - Deadtime measurements with a multihole phantom: concise communication. AB - The performance characteristics of any Anger camera are defined by that camera's spatial and temoral resolutions. Procedures using first-past techniques--such as ejection fraction or left-to-right shunt determinations--require that deadtimes be minimal. We have evaluated a simplified method for measuring a camera's deadtime; it uses a multihole phantom consisting of a lead sheet with 196 holes, 7/16 in. diameter, arranged in a 14 X 14 matrix. Each hole can be filled with a removable lead plug. Count rates are determined following incremental removal of the plugs. Deadtime curves were generated for each of three cameras by this and standard techniques. For each camera, the three curves were virtually identical. Using the phantom, deadtimes could be determined in 15 to 20 min. This phantom provides a simple, rapid, and accurate means of determining camera deadtime and minimizing personnel radiation exposure. PMID- 6969793 TI - Detection of intermittent gastrointestinal bleeding with indium-111-labeled erythrocytes. PMID- 6969794 TI - Acute dissecting hematoma: a complication of oral and maxillofacial surgery. AB - The ADH is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening bleeding complication after oral maxillofacial surgery. Prevention via adequate preoperative laboratory evaluation and meticulous mechanical hemostasis during surgery is important. In spite of these measures, cases will infrequently occur, necessitating rapid accurate diagnosis and effective therapy. Close monitoring and continual airway assessment and control are paramount. Local measures are usually effective in hemorrhage control and the use of prophylactic antibiotics is suggested. PMID- 6969795 TI - Immunoregulatory defects in a family with selective IgA deficiency. AB - Defects in regulation of the humoral immune system were examined in a family with selective IgA deficiency. Two patients (mother and son) were clinically well and had selective abnormalities of B lymphocytes that can differentiate into IgA plasma cells plus specific T cell suppression of IgA production. One patient (daughter) had several clinical problems and received nine monthly transfusions of normal plasma. Prior to therapy, this patient had abnormal immunoregulation of both B and T lymphocyte population that cooperated in the formation of all cases of immunoglobulin-producing cells. After treatment, her clinical problems were resolved and her cellular abnormalities appeared identical in those in her mother and brother. PMID- 6969797 TI - [Studies on the gelation reaction of Limulus lysate (pre-gel). V. Purification of the inhibitory substances of the gelation reaction of Limulus lysate from human plasma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969796 TI - Therapy of congenital folate malabsorption. PMID- 6969798 TI - Characterization of end-plate conductance in transected frog muscle: modification by drugs. AB - Cutaneous pectoris muscles of Rana pipiens were transected distal to the innervated region. Within 10 min, membrane potentials (Em's) of -33 +/- 2.5 mV and end-plate potentials (3-15 mV) were recorded unaccompanied by muscle action potentials or twitch. The fall in Em was associated with a net loss of [K+]i and a net gain of [Na+]i. Although input resistance fell by 50% and the space constant was slightly reduced in the transected muscle fibers, end-plates could be adequately voltage-clamped with two microelectrodes. End-plate currents (e.p.c.s) with rise times of 350 to 700 musec were recorded as a function of holding potential (Vm). The current-voltage relationship of peak e.p.c.s over the range of -70 to +20 mV was linear and the reversal potential (-6.6 +/- 2.2 mV) was the same as that found for intact muscle fibers. The decay phase of e.p.c.s could be described as a single exponential at all Vm's and had a voltage and temperature dependence similar to that described for e.p.c.s of glycerol-treated muscles. Tubocurarine (0.3 microM) caused a significant decrease in the time constant (tau) of e.p.c. decay and e.p.c. amplitude. The depression of e.p.c. amplitude by tubocurarine was reversed by 4-aminopyridine while the decrease of tau was not. Atropine (10(-4) M) caused a monotonic shortening of e.p.c.s at a Vm of -90 mV but e.p.c.s recorded at +50 mV were biphasic. Lidocaine, a quaternary nitrogen analog of lidocaine (QX314), lobeline and hexafluorenium were studied also in transected muscle and their effects on the parameters of e.p.c. are described. Both lobeline (50 microM) and hexafluorenium caused a decrease of tau and eliminated the voltage dependence of tau at negative Vm's. The transected muscle can be used for the study of conductance kinetics of end-plate and for the study of drug action uncomplicated by the presence of other drugs of Mg++ to eliminate contraction. PMID- 6969800 TI - Hypertension. Documentation for treatment. PMID- 6969799 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the right colon. Angiographic findings in 10 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on 10 cases of angiodysplasia of the right colon, diagnosed by superior mesenteric arteriography. The angiographic diagnosis is based on the following findings: abnormal clusters of small arteries, intense opacification of the bowel wall, early and intense opacification of the veins persisting late into the venous phase. The lesions were located in the cecum in 7 cases and in the ascending colon in 3 cases. Histologically, they are dilated submucosal veins and arteries. PMID- 6969801 TI - Hypertension. A general practitioner/patient card. PMID- 6969802 TI - Treatment adherence in hypertension: problems and research. PMID- 6969803 TI - Risk of overt bleeding following aspirin. PMID- 6969804 TI - A multifaceted approach to the study of the side-chain conformation in beta lactamase-resistant penicillins. AB - The resistance of some penicillins to beta-lactamase enzymes was previously attributed to the nature of their C(6) side chain. In order to find explicitly the influence of the conformation of this side chain in the enzymatic mechanism, we have analyzed by experimental and theoretical methods (X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR, PCILO) the molecular structure of six resistant penicillins and derivatives: oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, cloxacillin sulfoxide, and oxacillinpenicilloic acid. X-ray crystallography of flucloxacillin and nafcillin is fully described. We observe that the side chains of these penicillins have no influence on the electronic properties of the penam nucleus but are much more rigid than in the sensitive ones. The molecular conformations are mostly governed by the nonbonded Van der Waals interactions and, in the oxacillins, partly by the conjugation between exocyclic groups. The lack of flexibility could result in a distorting effect on the structure of the active site of the beta-lactamase, leading to the deactivation of the enzyme. PMID- 6969805 TI - The origin of protein and fatty yolk in Rana pipiens. V. Unusual paracrystalline configurations within the yolk precursor complex. AB - Three unusual highly ordered configuration of yolk protein in yolk precursor bodies are described. These differ from the crystalline structure of the main body of mature yolk platelets. One of these is an aggregation of paired membranes wih a spacing of about 100 A between the members of a pair. The paired membranes of such an aggregation may be straight, parallel, and very close together; they may appear as a tight whorl; or they may display an intermediate random arrangement with varying distances between pairs. Another configuration is a tubule with a diameter of about 450 A, whose wall appears in cross section to consist of particles measuring 50 X 100 A. A third configuration is a crystalline array of rows of angular-shaped particles with a spacing of about 160 A. It is suggested that these may represent intermediates in the transition of vitellogenin to lipovitellin and phosvitin. PMID- 6969807 TI - Some consensus on coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6969806 TI - Vaccination-Associated relapse of immune thrombocytopenia. AB - Many patients with immune thrombocytopenia require splenectomy to achieve remission. They are therefore at risk for postsplenectomy septicemia and should receive vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae. In experiment situations, antigens contained within this vaccine cell initiate a polyclonal B-lymphocyte activation and increased production of specific and nonspecific antibodies. In certain animal models, a polyclonal B-lymphocyte stimulatory response can trigger an autoimmune disorder. Two patients with immune thrombocytopenia had relapses of their immune thrombocytopenia after the administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. These observations suggest that patients with a history of immune thrombocytopenia should be monitored after vaccination. PMID- 6969808 TI - Advanced technologies of cardiovascular nuclear medicine and their evaluation in clinical practice. AB - Currently available advanced methods of cardiovascular nuclear medicine for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease were studied. The methods included the multigate method by a large capacity gamma camera-computer (128 KW memory with multilayer disc) system which made it possible to acquire the data of either the first pass study or the equilibrium study in "imaging mode". Analyzed data were displayed on a color CRT using our moving image system (MIS) and dynamic image thus obtained serve to help for the high sensitive observation of the regional wall motion as well as the global function of the ventricles. Myocardial tomography by a 7 pinhole collimator designed by us was also reported. The myocardial tomogram obtained was proved to show more sensitivity than two dimensional myocardial scan by the conventional collimator to detect smaller lesion and the lesions at the inferior or posterior wall of the left ventricle. The cardiovascular nuclear medicine with recent advanced technologies was thought to be sensitive and useful method for the diagnosis of the ventricular performance and the myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6969809 TI - [Production and regulation of immunoglobulins and their clinical significance]. PMID- 6969810 TI - [Transverse section brain scanning with Tomogscanner II (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969811 TI - [A case report of histiocytosis X (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969812 TI - [Three cases of aneurysm in the region of the cerebellopontine angle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969813 TI - Lack of influence of T-cell marker and importance of mediastinal mass on the prognosis of acute lymphocytic leukemias of childhood. AB - One hundred consecutive new cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were studied in patients that were 4 months to 16 years of age when admitted to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Various prognostic factors were examined and related to the duration of the first remission. These factors included lymphoblast surface markers, age at diagnosis, sex, race, initial white blood counts (WBC), presence of mediastinal mass, degree of hepatosplenomegaly, and lymph node size. Classification by lymphoblast surface markers showed 22 T-cell, 71 null cell, and 3 B-cell leukemias; 3 cases were unclassifiable and 1 had both T- and B-cell markers. Statistical analysis indicated that stratification by presence or absence of mediastinal mass was necessary. Most patients with mediastinal masses, 5 of thymus and 4 of the non-thymus type, fared poorly with a median duration of continuous complete remission of less than 12 months as compared with greater than 48 months for those without such masses. The most satisfactory model to estimate remission duration in children without mediastinal masses was dependent upon initial WBC, sex, race, and surface markers. Low WBC, white race, female sex, and T-cell markers in patients without mediastinal masses were associated with a favorable prognosis. The findings suggest that patients with mediastinal masses need special therapy and that T-cell ALL without a mediastinal masses need special therapy and that T-cell ALL without a mediastinal mass does not carry a poorer prognosis than does null cell ALL. PMID- 6969815 TI - [The problem of amblyopia in subluxated lenses (author's transl)]. AB - A re-evaluation of the incidence and development of amblyopia was carried out in 27 patients with a history of lens subluxation at pre-school age. Due to insufficiently accurate histories and the heterogeneous composition of the material it is impossible to make any valid statement regarding the critical phase of development of deprivation amblyopia. However, it appears that "form deprivation" amblyopia may regress spontaneously up to early school age following hygienization of the optic media and if optimal spectacles or contact lenses are worn. In individual cases it has been shown that unilateral amblyopias can and should be treated (pleoptics) following hygienization of the optic media. Therefore, early surgical treatment should be considered in such cases, above all in view of the fact that complications are rare. PMID- 6969814 TI - Effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on gastroduodenal epithelial proliferation in Wistar/Lewis rats. AB - The effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) on gastroduodenal epithelial proliferation p]rior to the development of frank neoplasia was studied in inbred LEW rats with or without gastric ulcers. The rats received either MNNG (100 gm/liter) in the drinking water or plain water. After 4 weeks, some rats in the MNNG-treated and control groups were given injections of tritiated thymidine and killed 1 hour later. In other rats, either an ulcer of the fundic mucosa was formed by a suction biopsy tube at laparotomy or a sham operation was performed. At 2 and 4 weeks after the operation, these rats were given injections of tritiated thymidine and killed 1 hour later. Sections of fundus, antrum, and duodenum were prepared for light autoradiography. MNNG treatment stimulated gastroduodenal epithelial proliferation, expanded the proliferative zone (PZ), and in the duodenum caused marked villus blunting and elongation of the crypts. No additional effect of the fundic ulcer or sham operation on gastroduodenal proliferation could be determined. The MNNG-induced expansion of the PZ occurred in a downward direction. Thus theories of carcinogenesis should include not only the expansion of the PZ toward the mucosal surface but also the possibility of expansion of the PZ toward the base of the mucosa. PMID- 6969817 TI - [Immunological basis of blood component therapy]. PMID- 6969816 TI - [Regulatory activities of the hemostatic system]. PMID- 6969818 TI - [Dynamic scintigraphy in kidney anomalies in arterial hypertension patients]. PMID- 6969819 TI - Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced transformation of peripheral blood-lymphocytes in leprosy patients. AB - 101 patients belonging to different types of leprosy were investigated for PHA induced lymphocyte transformation in peripheral blood. There was a significant depression (P < 0.05) in blastogenesis in borderline (BB), borderline lepromatous (BL) and lepromatous (LL) patients. On the other hand, tuberculoid (TT) and borderline tuberculoid (BT) patients did not show any alteration in PHA-induced blastogenesis (P > 0.05) when compared to normal. The significance of these findings have been discussed. PMID- 6969820 TI - Primary lens luxation in the dog. PMID- 6969821 TI - Influence of sex and gonadectomy on sex steroid receptors in rat adrenal gland. PMID- 6969822 TI - Presidential address. Perspectives in coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6969823 TI - Comparison of saphenous vein and internal mammary artery grafts. PMID- 6969824 TI - Long-term clinical assessment of the efficacy of adjunctive coronary endarterectomy. PMID- 6969825 TI - Serial assessment of left ventricular performance following coronary artery bypass grafting. Early postoperative results with myocardial protection afforded by multidose hypothermic potassium crystalloid cardioplegia. AB - Forty patients who recently underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations had serial hemodynamic and scintigraphic studies. Multidose hypothermic potassium crystalloid cardioplegia was used for myocardial protection and newer techniques in anesthetic management and perioperative patient care were also employed. The method of equilibrium cardiac gated blood pool (GBP) scintigraphy was used to obtain perioperative changes in global ejection fraction (EF) and regional wall motion (RWM). Ninety percent of patients displayed a decrease in EF 2 hours postoperatively when compared to their preoperative values. This change was also associated with a fall in cardiac index (CI) and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI). Twenty-four hours postoperatively, EF and CI recovered to preoperative levels, but LVSWI remained depressed. Seven days postoperatively, global EF had improved to a value greater than the preoperative one (50% +/- 3% versus 57% +/- 4%, p < 0.05). Perioperative changes in RWM followed the same pattern as EF, but recovery in this index of regional contractility was faster than EF, since maximal improvement was observed 24 hours postoperatively. Thus transient left ventricular dysfunction is common immediately after CABG, but recent advances in myocardial protection and perioperative management are associated with short-term increases in regional and global left ventricular function documented by noninvasive GBP imaging. PMID- 6969827 TI - Giant coronary pseudoaneurysm. Five-year follow-up after bypass grafting. AB - A roentgenogram of the shoulder in a 25-year-old man with an athletic injury revealed a large mass along the left heart border. Evaluation with coronary arteriography established the diagnosis of a massive aneurysm of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The aneurysm was excised and a saphenous vein bypass graft was placed into the distal artery. Histologic examination revealed that the excised segment was a false aneurysm. Five years postoperatively, the patient is asymptomatic and the graft remains widely patent. PMID- 6969826 TI - Improvement of left ventricular exercise hemodynamic function after aorta coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - In 39 patients with coronary artery disease and angina pectoris, exercise hemodynamic evaluation, left ventriculography, and coronary arteriography were performed both before and 3 to 36 months (mean 17 months) after aorta-coronary artery bypass grafting. Of the 32 patients with abnormal exercise hemodynamic responses before operation, 11 returned to normal at the postoperative study (Group N) and 21 remained abnormal (Group A). Preoperative characteristics (mean age, functional class, prior myocardial infarction, left ventriculographic appearance, mean ejection fraction, and mean number of vessels diseased) were similar in the two groups. Of the perioperative and postoperative characteristics examined (mean number of grafts, operative myocardial infarction, postoperative functional class, treadmill test result, and adequacy of left coronary artery revascularization), only the adequacy of left coronary artery revascularization differed between Groups N and A. Eight of 11 Group N and only three of 20 Group A patients had complete revascularization, with patent grafts, of the left coronary artery. We conclude that improved exercise hemodynamic function does occur in some patients after aorta-coronary artery bypass operations. Such improvement is most likely when all major lesions of the left coronary artery are completely revascularized. PMID- 6969828 TI - Management of cardiocutaneous fistulas. PMID- 6969829 TI - Periodically repeated multi-phasic health tests--a unique data source for detecting subject-specific normal ranges. AB - When a comprehensive health check-up is repeated for the purpose of health control, the individual clinical data should be evaluated carefully by a proper normal range, which must be specific to each subject, if early detection of disease is a goal. The Perfect Liberty Health Control System, a health plan run on a membership basis, has been giving its periodic multi-phasic health tests to all of the 24 000 + members biannually since 1970. Studies concerning health parameter dynamics have been made on the data obtained and these are important to the new challenging field of clinical laboratory examinations. Other helpful aspects of this punctually repeated AMHTS (Automated Multi-phasic Health Testing) on a lifetime membership basis are also presented, such as cancer detection accuracy, protection from unnecessary X-ray exposure during examinations and a new form of physician's examination supported by current laboratory-data preview. PMID- 6969830 TI - [The instruction of patients at the rheumatism dispensary in Lund]. PMID- 6969831 TI - [New principles in the origin of genes clarify antibody variability]. PMID- 6969832 TI - [The use of cannabis among young men is now at its height after a 5-year rise]. PMID- 6969833 TI - [Relationship between surgery, chemotherapy, irradiation and immunological state in patients of laryngeal cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The relationship between surgery, chemotherapy, irradiation and the immunological state in patients of laryngeal cancer with or without metastasis was investigated. The lymphocyte reaction to PHA (Phytohaemagglutinin) stimulation and T-lymphocyte count was examined before and immediately after the therapy in 66 patients divided into three groups. From the results the authors conclude that surgical treatment (partial or total laryngectomy, with or without radical Neckdissection influence the immunological state of the patients at least, chemotherapy more and irradiation at most. PMID- 6969834 TI - Recurrent vestibulopathy. AB - Recurrent vestibulopathy is defined as an illness of unknown cause characterized by more than a single episode of vertigo of duration characteristic of that occurring with hydrops but without auditory or clinical neurological symptoms or signs. Eighty-six patients with this condition were diagnosed in the Dizziness Unit, and data on age and sex distribution, natural history and caloric pattern are presented. On follow-up of mean duration 3.5 year, 6 cases evolved to classic Meniere's disease, and 4 to benign positional vertigo, but none developed brain disease. The prognosis regarding vertigo is generally good. We consider the term recurrent vestibulopathy a logical designation of a distinctive clinical disorder with unknown cause but with probable peripheral vestibular origin, and hope that its use would spur research into previously unrecognized causes of recurrent vertigo. PMID- 6969835 TI - Vestibular and oculomotor disturbances in pathology of the fourth ventricle. AB - Positional nystagmus of the central type and gaze paretic (gaze evoked) nystagmus have been reported in pathology of the posterior fossa. It has also been reported that positional nystagmus of the central type is only infrequently accompanied by vertigo and nausea. In this paper five cases are discussed which showed positional nystagmus of the central type and/or gaze paretic nystagmus. All cases showed severe vertigo, nausea and vomiting in the provocative head position. In four out of five cases the pathology was found to be in the area of the IVth ventricle. On the basis of recent neurophysiologic data an attempt is made to explain the manifestations of this pathology. It is concluded that positional nystagmus of the central type is presumably due to pathology of the IVth ventricle area. Also, that this type of nystagmus may be accompanied by severe vertigo, nausea and vomiting. PMID- 6969836 TI - [Cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal bleeding after chronic vitamin A intoxication (author's transl)]. AB - A female patient with congenital ichthyosis took vitamin A in an uncontrolled manner throughout 3 years totalling 60 Mill. IU. This lead to cirrhosis of the liver confirmed histologically after biopsy; vitamin A could be demonstrated in tissue of liver and spleen by fluorescence microscopy. Bleeding from esophageal varices could not be stopped by conventional means, but only by sclerosing the esophageal mucosa in the areas affected. A relapse of bleeding from varices of the fornix was stopped by disconnection according to Hassab-Paquet. The patient died from hepatic failure in advanced hepatic cirrhosis. A long time treatment with high doses of vitamin A seems to be a doubtful therapeutic procedure, especially in view of the fact, that side effects of this therapy cannot be monitored by laboratory measurements; when a disturbed liver function becomes evident, irreversible damage, e.g. cirrhosis or fibrosis and portal hypertension, is already present. PMID- 6969837 TI - [Severe intestinal hemorrhage in colonic diverticulosis]. PMID- 6969838 TI - [Copper salicylate in rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatism--like degenerative diseases]. PMID- 6969839 TI - Arteriovenous malformations of the bowel: an analysis of 22 cases and a review of the literature. AB - Twenty-two patients with colonic arterio-venous malformations (AVM) are reported and 218 other cases in the English literature are reviewed. Of our patients, 16 (73%) underwent right hemicolectomy because of repeated episodes of rectal bleeding or iron-deficiency anemia. Ten (63%) of these patients have remained in good health with no further evidence of intestinal bleeding after surgery. In six (37%) recurrent episodes of rectal bleeding or iron deficiency anemia have gone unexplained despite thorough work-up including repeat arteriography. Our experience and that in the literature suggests: 1. Most AVM's (78%) occur in the cecum or right colon, the jejunum being the next most common site. 2. Patients with AVM's tend to be elderly with a strong history of cardiovascular disease. A potential association between aortic stenosis, intestinal bleeding, and AVM's is suggested. However, prospective studies are needed to confirm this relationship. 3. In younger patients AVM's tend to occur at atypical sites such as the small bowel. 4. Surgical removal of an AVM cannot be expected to be uniformly curative. The causes of recurrent bleeding after surgery include: incomplete resection of the initial AVM, occult AVM's missed on arteriography and left behind at surgery, and the appearance of new AVM's postoperatively. The cause of bleeding in many patients with recurrence however, remains undiagnosed despite repeat angiography. PMID- 6969840 TI - Plasma prealbumin concentration in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ). AB - The concentrations of 7 plasma proteins including prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, and alpha 1-antitrypsin were measured by electroimmunoassay in plasma from 19 persons with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency PiZ, 20 persons with phenotype PiMZ, and 26 healthy men with normal alpha 1-antitrypsin content. The prealbumin concentrations in the PiZ individuals were slightly lower than in the other groups. Only one individual in the PiZ group showed very low levels of prealbumin and retinol-bonding protein. Thus contrary to what has been proposed earlier our results show that severe prealbumin deficiency is not a common finding in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency PiZ. PMID- 6969842 TI - Rare association of rheumatoid arthritis and Kartagener's syndrome: a common denominator? PMID- 6969841 TI - [Penicillinase activity of staphylococci and their sensitivity to penicillin G and oxacillin (author's transl)]. AB - The penicillinase activities of 169 strains of staphylococci isolated from outpatients were detected by a simple technique that gives the result in 10 minutes on benzylpenicillin and bromocresol purple absorbed Whatman No 1 filter papers. Seventy three out of 100 S. aureus strain and 4 out of 69 S. albus were found to have the enzyme. The ratio of penicillin G resistance among S. aureus and S. albus were found to be 89% and 41% respectively. Six strains (6%) of S. aureus and 5 (7%) S. albus were resistant to both antibiotics. When the findings were compared with those previously reported in Turkey, it was seen that the proportion of the penicillinase + strains and the incidence of resistance in staphylococci to both kinds of penicillins was increased. PMID- 6969843 TI - [Hemorrhagic diseases and hemoblastoses in relation to dentistry. Introduction]. PMID- 6969844 TI - [Clinical picture of hemorrhagic diseases]. PMID- 6969845 TI - [Local odontostomatologic therapy in the principal hemorrhagic diseases]. PMID- 6969846 TI - [Macroscopic pathologicoanatomic aspects of the oral mucosa in acute leukemia]. PMID- 6969847 TI - A possible mechanism for an interaction between postreplication recombination repair and base misincorporation in mutation induction by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine in Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Evidence in previous publications has suggested that treatment with monofunctional alkylating agents such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) results in gaps being left in the DNA synthesized shortly after the treatment. This paper presents further evidence that suggests, though it does not conclusively prove, that there are indeed gaps. It shows that these events increase linearly with MNNG concentration, that they are formed mainly in DNA synthesized during the first hour after treatment, and that only a few are formed at later times. An hypothesis that involves the conversion by recombination repair of a single-strand base substitution, resulting from insertion of an incorrect base opposite an alkylated base, to a double-strand base substitution is proposed. It is suggested that most single-strand substitutions are removed by mismatch repair, leaving the double-strand substitutions as the main source of mutations. This hypothesis predicts that the mutation frequency will increase as the square of the exposure to MNNG, and this seems to be the case, at least at lower exposures at which complicating factors such as lengthened expression time are avoided. It also can explain a number of earlier observations on mutation fixation as detected by transformation. An attempt to show that the non-coding lesions causing the gaps were apurinic sites was unsuccessful. PMID- 6969848 TI - Further studies on the induction of mutation in Haemophilus influenzae by N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: lack of an inducible error-free repair system and the effect of exposure medium. AB - Haemophilus influenzae is shown to lack the inducible, error-free repair system for alkylation damage that others have found in Escherichia coli. Prior growth in a low concentration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine had only an additive effect on a subsequent brief exposure to a high concentration. Furthermore, chloramphenicol did not significantly modify the mutagenic response. In both respects, H. influenzae differs from E. coli. Experiments carried out in preparation for these tests showed that exposure to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine in complex growth medium was more effective by about an order of magnitude than exposure in pH 6.0 tris--maelare buffer in inducing mutations, in killing the cells, and in causing strand breaks in the preexisting DNA and gaps in newly synthesized DNA. Thus the effect of the medium is on the amount of initial damage rather than on some special feature of the mutation process. Part but not all of the effect can be accounted for by the difference in pH of the 2 media. The nature of the mutagenic process is the same under the 2 exposure conditions; i.e., reparable pre-mutational damage is produced by the agent and subsequently converted to final mutation by replication. The dose--effect curves have a non-linear initial portion under both exposure conditions, and possible reasons for this non-linearity are discussed. PMID- 6969849 TI - [On the application of diethanolamine in the treatment of a gastric bezoar caused by Candida species and resistant against other antimycotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969850 TI - Heterozygous MZ alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in adults with chronic active hepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis. AB - To determine the prevalence of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in patients with cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis, we performed a five-year prospective study of liver-biopsy specimens from 1055 adults. Thirty-four patients whose specimens contained hepatocyte inclusions characteristic of the deficiency were phenotyped, and 25 had phenotype MZ (2.4 per cent). The distribution of patients with this phenotype among the 185 patients with cirrhosis diagnosed histologically was three of 84 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (3.5 per cent), seven of 34 with non-B chronic active hepatitis (20.5 per cent), six of 28 with cryptogenic cirrhosis (21 per cent), and one of 39 with other kinds of cirrhosis (2.6 per cent). The increased prevalence of MZ in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and with chronic active hepatitis is highly significant (P < 0.001). Because serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin may be unreliable for identification of the subgroup of patients with chronic active hepatitis or cryptogenic cirrhosis, analysis of serum for the MZ phenotype and meticulous examination of biopsy specimens may be necessary. PMID- 6969852 TI - Consensus statements. PMID- 6969851 TI - Erythrophagocytic T gamma lymphoma: a clinicopathologic entity resembling malignant histiocytosis. PMID- 6969853 TI - Intracellular LDH isoenzymes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6969854 TI - Fendosal. PMID- 6969855 TI - Surface antigen differentiation during human myogenesis in culture. AB - The fusion of mononucleate myoblast cells into multinucleate myotubes (myogenesis) has often been studied as a model system of terminal cellular differentiation. Although cell-surface changes during myogenesis have attracted much attention and a variety of surface antigens including the nicotinic cholinergic receptor, acetylcholinesterase and muscle lectins have been shown to be present on muscle cells, a detailed identification of markers specific to the various cell types has not been attempted. This is mainly because fibroblasts are a major contaminating cell type in primary muscle cultures and these cells have no known distinctive cell-surface antigen(s). For instance, surface fibronectin has been used to distinguish fibroblasts in the rat peripheral nervous system in vitro but has proved ineffective in the human muscle cell system. In addition, Lesley and Lennon found that Thy-1 antigen was present on myoblasts but not myotubes of the rat L6 muscle cell line and primary cultures. However, Thy-1 antigen is also present on rat fibroblasts. Thus, unequivocal identification of the major mononucleate cell types in muscle cultures, fibroblasts and myoblasts has not been possible. We report here the use of two surface antigens, Thy-1 and a muscle-specific antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody, to identify unambiguously the four major types of cells present in human muscle cultures and to propose a model of cell-surface differentiation during human myogenesis. PMID- 6969857 TI - Flow cytometry analysis of T cells and continuous T-cell lines from autoimmune MRL/l mice. AB - The study of spontaneous autoimmunity in mouse models affords an opportunity to determine the cellular basis of the immune dysregulation observed in this disease. Recently, a new mouse strain, MRL/Mp-Ipr/Ipr (MRL/l) has been developed which carries an autosomal recessive gene (lpr) that results in massive lymph node enlargement concomitant with the development of several autoantibodies. The interest in this strain lies in the possibility that the defect in T-cell regulation of the immune response is manifested at a different level from that in the NZB mouse. It has been reported that the proliferating population of lymphoid cells in the nodes of these mice are T cells, but that many of them are devoid of Lyt surface antigens. We have accordingly initiated several lines of research with these mice, including quantitative flow cytometry characterization of Lyt antigen expression of cells in the lymph nodes of the mice. In an approach to isolate and study the properties of these cells, we have also established continuous cell lines from the lymph node cells of MRL/l mice, using techniques similar to those used to establish continuous lines of antigen-activated cytotoxic T cells and helper T-cell populations. PMID- 6969856 TI - Lyt 1+23- cells appear in the thymus before Lyt 123+ cells. AB - Most thymocytes are either immature or functionally deficient and express a series of lymphocyte cell-surface antigen markers designated Lyt 1, Lyt 2 and Lyt 3 (refs 1, 2) which have been useful in distinguishing functional subsets of T cells. In contrast, a small population of cortisone-resistant thymocytes (CRT), confined to the thymic medulla after acute corticosteroid treatment are functionally more mature. These cells, like peripheral T cells, have restricted expression of Lyt antigens and mostly are either Lyt 1 or Lyt 123 cells. It has thus been assumed that all thymocytes initially are Lyt 1+, 2+, 3+ and by differentiation lose either Lyt 1 or Lyt 2, 3 to result in Lyt 1+(23-) and Lyt (1 )23+ cells. Using immunofluorescence (IF) and flow microfluorometry (FMF) analyses to detect Lyt antigen expression quantitatively without the requirement for cell lysis, we have now re-examined the expression of Lyt 1, 2 and 3 antigens on murine fetal thymocytes from 14 to 19 days of gestation and on normal thymocytes from birth to 2-3-month-old adults. These studies demonstrate that cells with the Lyt 1+23- phenotype first appear in the thymus several days before Lyt 123+ thymocytes are detected, and suggest either a micro-environmental or site-specific influence for phenotypic differentiation and/or two independent, pre-committed lineages. PMID- 6969859 TI - Highly conserved lipoprotein assembly in teleost and amphibian yolk-platelet crystals. AB - Ohlendorf et al. have reported that yolk-platelet crystals in the frog, Xenopus laevis, were orthorhombic (space group P21221) and consisted of elongated asymmetric units (approximately 5.5 x 11.5 x 25 nm). The presence of an orthorhombic lattice in amphibian yolk platelets fulfilling the symmetry requirements of crystals had been missed in earlier structural interpretations. A comparative study of teleost, urodele and anuran yolk-platelet crystals performed in our laboratory has shown the widespread occurrence among equatic vertebrates of an orthorhombic lattice with unit-cell sides similar to those of Xenopus. However, we report here that the space group (P212121) and certain features of the macromolecular complex are at variance with those reported for Xenopus. PMID- 6969860 TI - Portasystemic shunting for bleeding esophageal varices: a three-year experience. PMID- 6969858 TI - Detection of CML determinants associated with H-2 controlled E beta and E alpha chains. AB - The serologically detectable molecules encoded by the H-2 complex, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the mouse, fall into two classes-class I and class II (ref. 1). The class I molecules encoded by the K and D loci have a molecular weight of 44,000 and are noncovalently associated with beta 2 microglobulin which is not controlled by the MHC. The class II molecules are of two kinds, A and E, each consisting of two noncovalently associated polypeptide chains, alpha (Mr approximately 34,000) and beta (Mr approximately 28,000). Three of the four chains, A alpha, A beta and E beta, are controlled by loci in the I-A subregion, whereas the locus controlling the E alpha chain is located in the I-E subregion of the H-2 complex. Thus the loci coding for the E alpha and E beta chains are separated by at least one (J) and perhaps more loci. It has been shown that the E alpha and E beta chains are synthesized independently, and that the E alpha chain is required for the insertion of the E beta chain in the plasma membrane. We demonstrate here that the E alpha E beta complex (the E molecule) can evoke in vitro cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity (CML) without previous sensitization in vivo, and that the strong CML reactivity is directed against allele-specific determinants on the highly polymorphic E beta chain. PMID- 6969861 TI - Vascular ectasias of the colon: a diagnosis coming of age. PMID- 6969862 TI - On spontaneous skin tumours in amphibia. AB - In 7 from 320 Rana temporaria grass frogs and 16 from 978 Rana ridibunda pond frogs, the 31 and 47 spontaneous skin tumors respectively, were observed. The tumors were represented by cystadenopapillomas and adenocarcinomas, and developed from epithelium of skin mucous glands. The spontaneous pigment tumors (melanophoromas) were found in 2 axolotls Ambistoma mexicanum. These tumors developed from hyperplastic melanophores in pigment spots and focal proliferations of melanophores located deeply in derma. PMID- 6969863 TI - Peripheral neuropathy in mouse hereditary diabetes mellitus. II. Ultrastructural correlates of degenerative and regenerative changes. AB - The fine structural changes in some peripheral nerves and sensory ganglia from mice (C57BL/KsJ, db/db) with an hereditary diabetic syndrome, similar to human maturity-onset diabetes mellitus, were studied during development of the mild peripheral neuropathy. The abnormalities observed included axonal degeneration, disruption of myelin, accumulation of electro-dense material in axons, satellite cells and Schwann cells, increased frequency of pi granules of Reich in Schwann cells, enlarged mitochondria, and proliferated and thickened Schwann cell basal laminae. Distal hind limb nerves were most affected. Sensory ganglion neurons were normal except for occasional chromatolytic cells, so that nerve cell loss was not present in this peripheral neuropathy. Morphological indications of Schwann cell hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and axonal sprouting supported the contention that a continuous cycle of axonal degeneration and regeneration was occurring. The ultrastructural changes and accumulation of electron-opaque, lipid material suggested that a defect in lipid metabolism, secondary to the diabetic condition, could be an important factor in the peripheral neuropathy in the diabetic mouse. PMID- 6969864 TI - Naloxone prevents dark-background adaptation in amphibians. AB - Pituitary intermediate lobe melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is responsible for normal skin darkening in amphibians. Light-background adapted frogs (Rana pipiens) injected with naloxone and placed on black backgrounds maintain melanophore indices and pituitary cytology characteristic of light-background adaptation. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that naloxone hydrochloride did not have a direct effect on skin melanophores or on the neurointermediate lobe. These data suggest that naloxone acts at the level of the central nervous system to inhibit the mechanism(s) responsible for release of MSH when light background adapted frogs are placed on a dark background. Release of MSH, known to be tonically inhibited by the hypothalamus, may be modulated by opiate receptor-dependent mechanisms. PMID- 6969865 TI - Reduction of ECS-induced retrograde amnesia of passive avoidance conditioning after 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine median raphe nucleus lesion in the rat. AB - 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), median raphe nucleus (MRN)-lesioned and sham lesioned rats were submitted to one-trial passive avoidance conditioning followed by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or sham-ECS. On test session (24 h later) MRN lesioned rats presented a longer conditioned response and, chiefly, a remarkable reduction of ECS-induced retrograde amnesia in comparison to sham-lesioned animals. This effect appeared unrelated to major changes in spontaneous behavior: on training session MRN-lesioned rats exhibited a faster stepping-down from the platform; their exploratory activity into a novel cage was characterized by a slightly higher initial response; moreover MRN lesion did not significantly effect pain threshold. A reduced brain 5-HT functional activity following MRN lesion was suggested by the study of the hyperactivity syndrome induced by tranylcypromine plus L-tryptophan. Lastly, MRN-lesioned rats showed a significantly lower brain 5-HT steady level without differing from the sham lesioned ones with respect to turnover rate. The reduction of ECS-induced retrograde amnesia observed in 5,7-DHT, MRN-lesioned rats was considered as due to a lower synaptic availability of 5-HT at the time of ECS administration. PMID- 6969866 TI - Metrizamide ventriculography in syringomyelia. AB - Computed tomography (CT) both with and without contrast agents has been used to diagnose syringomyelia. We report a case in which the diagnosis was made by injection of metrizamide into a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Continuity of the syringomyelic cavity with the ventricular system was demonstrated. This case supports the hydrodynamic concept of syringomyelia formation and illustrates a potentially useful approach to its diagnosis. PMID- 6969867 TI - Chronic cerebellar stimulation for cerebral palsy: a double-blind study. AB - A double-blind, crossover technique was devised to assess the value of chronic cerebellar stimulation in children with cerebral palsy. Cerebellar stimulators were implanted in eight children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. The external transmitter was changed monthly during each of the first 3 months and was set to be functional or placebo by random assignment. Objective assessment by physical, occupational, and speech therapists as well as by a neurologist failed to document significant improvement in any of the participants. Some children became less spastic and developed increased mental alertness and improved clarity of speech. However, these improvements occurred during placebo periods as often as with stimulation. PMID- 6969869 TI - [Purulent meningitis in children and in adults]. PMID- 6969868 TI - [Immunological status of patients with solid neoplasms]. PMID- 6969870 TI - [Immunological phenomena in acute and chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6969872 TI - Bleeding after severing a nutrient vessel during flap surgery. PMID- 6969871 TI - [Radiological aspects of viral respiratory diseases in childhood]. AB - The radiological diagnosis of viral pneumopathy must be backed up by laboratory examinations. There are several lung dysplasias that my mimic viral pneumopathy, especially in the newborn. Reference is also made to the radiological techniques applicable in the investigation of upper airway virosis in children. Note is taken of the fact that several forms typical of the first and second period of childhood are currently encountered in children undergoing immunodepressive therapy. PMID- 6969873 TI - Maternal obesity in pregnancy. PMID- 6969874 TI - The incise drape. AB - Since it is impossible to sterilize the surgical field in ocular surgery, postoperative endophthalmitis remains a serious complication of intraocular surgery. The surgeon should take all reasonable precautions to avoid this disaster. We believe that this includes isolating the skin and eyelids from the operative field with the incise drape. PMID- 6969875 TI - Study of a simultaneous lobe-vertex and membrane-vertex recording technique in auditory brainstem response. AB - The study of a simultaneous lobe-vertex and membrane-vertex recording in auditory brainstem response was performed in normal adults and in patients suffering from brainstem disorders. It was demonstrated that in normal subjects the detectability of waves I and V depends on the site of the recording electrodes and there is no statistical difference between the two recording methods in the latencies of the two waves. We reported 3 typical cases that illustrate the value of this recording method in the detection of the cochlear nerve or the brainstem disorders. PMID- 6969876 TI - [Late puerperal bleeding]. PMID- 6969878 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: a microneurographic and perceptual study. AB - With the aim of studying peripheral physiological mechanisms involved in transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the suppression of pain, the authors have examined 14 healthy volunteers in the perceptual part and 8 in the microneurographic part of this study. For pain suppressing stimulation they have used ring electrodes and stimulators capable of producing rectangular, sine wave, triangular and hybrid wave forms. Pain was induced with electrical stimuli on the distal phalanx of the middle finger. TENS with rectangular, sine wave and triangular pulses activates mainly A beta, but also some A delta fibres. Pain suppressing capacity of different wave forms used was the same and was achieved with stimuli close to the threshold for pain. Pain was most effectively diminished when noxious and pain suppressing stimuli were applied to the same finger; this effect was smaller with the two stimuli on neighbouring fingers and very weak when pain suppressing stimulus was applied to the contralateral hand. Increases in stimulus frequency resulted in an increased and variable latency as well as intermittent blocking of those spike components which had been near threshold at low frequency stimulation. This interpreted as being due to local changes in excitation threshold. In surface-recorded averaged electroneurograms this effect was seen as amplitude decrement and increased response duration, but was not due to impulse transmission failure in A delta fibres as seen microneurographically. On continuous high frequency stimulation, the intensity of sensation elicited diminished, although there was no change in the microneurogram. The authors conclude that the peripheral contribution to the analgesic effects of TENS seems to be unimportant. PMID- 6969877 TI - The clinical significance of tomographic visualization or nonvisualization of the vestibular aqueduct. PMID- 6969879 TI - Neonatal neutrophilia: possible role of a humoral granulopoietic factor. AB - During the first days of life, newborn infants have leucocytosis with marked neutrophilia and a "shift to the left," the mechanism for which is as yet unknown. In an attempt to elucidate whether humoral granulopoietic factor(s) plays a role in this phenomenon, serial measurements of urinary and serum colony stimulating activity levels were made in healthy newborn infants and normal older controls. Twenty-four-hr urine collections, serum samples, and complete blood counts were obtained from 30 full-term normal infants 24 hr and 4 days after delivery and in 13 of them on the 14th and 28th days of life as well. Specimens were assayed for their colony stimulating activity levels by their ability to stimulate bone marrow cells from C3HB mice to grow into colonies in soft agar. Elevated neutrophil, band form, and monocyte counts were found during the first day of life, which gradually decreased thereafter. Serum and urinary colony stimulating activity levels were significantly increased (3- to 5-fold) over the controls on the first and fourth days of life, but declined to normal values by the 14th and 28th days. PMID- 6969880 TI - On the postsynaptic action of glutamate in frog spinal motoneurons. AB - In the isolated frog spinal cord depolarization of motoneurons (MNs) induced by glutamate (GLUT) was not accompanied by measurable changes of neuronal input resistance when chemical synaptic transmission was blocked by Mn2+ or Mg2+. The GLUT depolarization was, however, paralleled by a considerable increase in K+ in the extracellular space. To clarify, whether the GLUT depolarization was exclusively due to a reduction of the transmembrane K+ gradient or whether ion conductances not detectable by measurements of neuronal input resistance were involved, membrane potential (MP) was plotted semilogarithmically versus extracellular K+ activity (aKe+). During experimental elevation of aKe+ the function delta MP/dec. delta aKe+ was found to agree fairly with the Nernst equation. The slope of this function was much steeper during GLUT superfusion, indicating an influx of positive ions. The elevation of aKe+ during the GLUT action can mimic postsynaptic effects by release of transmitter from presynaptic terminals synapsing with the recorded cell. In vivo preparations do not allow blockade of chemical synaptic transmission. Therefore, it is impossible to decide, whether the recorded cell is depolarized either postsynaptically by GLUT or by K+ release from surrounding GLUT sensitive cells. As an experimental proof of the postsynaptic GLUT action is not feasible in such preparations, the ubiquitous action of GLUT in the CNS may have been overestimated. PMID- 6969882 TI - Electrical activity of isolated semicircular canal in the frog. Action of streptomycin. AB - 1. An isolated frog semicircular canal was placed in a two-compartment perspex chamber which allowed the fluids bathing the inside (endolymph) and the outside (perilymph) of the canal to be replaced separately. Mechanical stimulation (MS) of the ampullar receptors was performed by sinusoidal cupular movement. 2. Streptomycin sulfate in the perilymph reduced promptly, strongly and reversibly nerve spontaneous activity (SA) recorded on the ampullar nerve. Streptomycin sulfate also reduced reversible and weakly the slow potentials recorded either near the crista ampullaris (Adc) or on the ampullar nerve (Ndc) and the modulation of firing rate (delta Fms) all these activities being evoked by a mechanical stimulation. 3. Streptomycin sulfate injected into ampullar endolymph reduced promptly and strongly the Adc, Ndc, and delta Fms. When its concentration was higher 0.2 mg/ml, the SA was also reduced about 40 min later. 4. It is concluded that streptomycin sulfate alters weakly and reversibly spike generation process and synaptic transmission; it inhibits strongly and reversibly the resting discharge and it inhibits strongly and may be partly reversibly the transduction mechanisms. PMID- 6969883 TI - [Colonic anastomoses: principles and early complications on the basis of a serie of 663 colectomies (author's transl)]. AB - In this serie of 663 colectomies performed mainly for carcinoma (510 cases), all of the anastomoses were performed by single layer suture. Elective surgery was done routinely after intestinal preparation except in 19 emergency cases which include 13 obstructions. Terminal anastomoses were performed in 605 cases (91 per cent). Among ileo-transverse anastomoses (140 cases) there were 22 per cent of termino-lateral anastomoses, and out of 114 low rectal anastomoses 15 per cent of latero-terminal anastomoses. Since 1970, drainage tubes have been used in only seven cases, out of 518 colectomies. Among the 18 colostomies present at the time of operation, 13 could be closed at the same time as the colectomy. A diversity transverse colostomy was performed in seven cases only. In this series, there were ten postoperative haemorrhages without gravity and three cases of patent anastomotic dehiscence requiring reoperation. There was one death due to anastomotic dehiscence among the four postoperative deaths. Terminal anastomosis is the technique of choice in colonic surgery but must be avoided in cases of marked incongruence between the two ends. Intestinal preparation decreases the number of postoperative complications. Drainage after colectomy is useless when haemostasis is complete and there is no dead space around the anastomosis. A covering colostomy is very rarely indicated. The main factor in the prevention of colonic anastomosis complications, lies, in the preparation of the colonic sections and in the fashioning of the anastomosis. PMID- 6969884 TI - [Annular pancreas in the adult (author's transl)]. AB - Annular pancreas--a congenital malformation consisting of a ring of pancreatic tissue around the second part of the duodenum--is a rare surgical condition in adults. It may be responsible for occlusion in the newborn, but frequently remains latent or does not reveal itself until adulthood, usually around the age of 40. The only symptoms are ulcer-like epigastric pains; vomiting occurs at a late stage and jaundice irregularly. Hypotonic duodenography shows, at best, duodenal stenosis, the extrinsic origin of which is disclosed by fiberoscopy. Pre operative investigations should aim at detecting a gastro-duodenal ulcer or an associated chronic pancreatitis. Owing to the presence of an excretory duct within the ring, section of the latter entails a risk of fistulisation. The best prospects of cure are offered by digestive tract derivation procedures: latero lateral duodeno-duodenostomy, gastro-enterostomy and duodeno-jejunostomy on a Y shaped excluded jejunal loop. PMID- 6969885 TI - [Regulatory mechanisms of thrombocytopoiesis]. PMID- 6969881 TI - Discharge properties of afferent fibres of the goldfish semicircular canal with high frequency stimulation. AB - The horizontal semicircular canals of goldfish were sinusoidally stimulated 0.07 and 63 Hz (about 3 decades). Single afferent fibre recordings showed sinusoidal modulation of discharges. Above 4 Hz the discharges became phase-locked to the stimulus. With increasing frequency the number of spikes per period decreased so that finally only one spike per period remained. At 63 Hz a stimulus of as little as 0.005 degrees was sufficient to drive the units to far above their spontaneous activity. As cupular deflection is less than the angle of body movement, the cupular deflection threshold for modulation of afferent discharges must be much less than 0.005 degrees. Transfer functions of afferent activity were determined. The simple pendulum model does not fit the data. Additional introduction of a third time constant and the low pass properties of the receptor cell membrane, the synaptic delay and the leaky integrator of the post synaptic afferent terminal improve the fit. PMID- 6969886 TI - [Hearing and the vestibular function in pulmonary tuberculosis during antibacterial therapy]. PMID- 6969887 TI - [Improved method for evaluation of reactions to the tuberculin test]. PMID- 6969888 TI - Growth of normal human glial cells in a defined medium containing platelet derived growth factor. AB - DNA synthesis and cell division were measured in serum-free cultures of human normal diploid glial cells maintained in MCDB 105 medium. In growth factor-free cultures the cells remained viable but the cell number was essentially constant. Supplementation with 10 ng of epidermal growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor per ml significantly stimulated DNA synthesis and cell multiplication. Growth occurred both when cells were allowed to settle in serum-containing medium and when cells were plated in serum-free medium. In the latter type of cultures, the cell yield was improved bu incubating the cells in collagen-coated dishes. The use of a miniclone technique allowed the analysis of cell multiplication induced by platelet-derived growth factor at the clonal level and demonstrated that the growth factor induced several cell cycle rounds in a large fraction of clones. The results show that normal cells grown in a recently developed synthetic medium (MCDB 105) supplemented with pure growth factors may multiply without the addition of plasma-derived factors ("progression factors"). It is suggested that the need fo progression factors may simply depend on the composition of the synthetic nutrient medium. PMID- 6969890 TI - Diffusion rates of positron emitters in pion irradiated patients. PMID- 6969889 TI - Production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody during the normal immune response: changes in the auto-anti-idiotypic antibody response and the idiotype repertoire associated with aging. AB - Hapten-augmentable plaque-forming cells (PFC) are cells whose secretion of antibody is specifically inhibited by surface-bound auto-anti-iodotype antibody that can be displaced by hapten. This study showed that the percentage of hapten augmentable PFC present in mice during the primary response to trinitrophenylated Ficoll (TNP-F) increases with age. The data suggest that there is a relative increase in the auto-anti-idiotypic antibody response with age and therefore a greater down-regulation of antibody production. The effect of age on idiotype expression was also studied. Hapten-reversible inhibition of plaque formation was used as an assay for anti-inhibition of plaque formation was used as an assay for anti-idiotype antibody and idiotype-bearing antibody-secreting cells. Sera from aged (21- to 22-month-old) C57BL/6 mice immunized with TNP-F significantly inhibited plaque formation, in a hapten-reversible manner, by spleen cells from 81% of TNP-F-immunized aged mice. However, these sera inhibited plaque formation by cells from only 50% of similarly immunized young adult (6- to 8-week-old) mice and 20% of immature (3- to 4-week-old) syngeneic mice. Similarly, sera from TNP-F immunized young adult or immature mice inhibited formation of plaques by cells from immunized donors of the same age as the mice from whom the serum was obtained, but only rarely inhibited plaque formation by cells from mice of other age groups. The data thus suggest that the repertoire of TNP-specific idiotypes that are produced in response to TNP-F varies with age in syngeneic mice. PMID- 6969891 TI - [Elastic ligation of hemorrhoids]. AB - Elastic ligation, a simple therapeutic treatment of hemorrhoids, consists of placing a small rubber ring at the base of the hemorrhoid. This breaks it down anatomically, by ischemic necrosis. It is most called for in cases of hemorrhoidal dropsical swelling, involving separate, often prolapsed, cluster. This treatment may be carried out in conjunction with sclerosant injections. Painful incidence cannot always be avoided, but cases of severe hemorrhage are rare. The results of this treatment are often spectacular, especially if it is used discriminately, and it often supplants surgery. PMID- 6969892 TI - Orientation of retinylidene chromophore of hypsorhodopsin in frog retina. PMID- 6969893 TI - Lectin receptors on rod and cone membranes. PMID- 6969895 TI - Effects of extracellular Ca2+ concentration and papaverine on the visual cell function in the isolated frog retina. PMID- 6969894 TI - Functional role of calcium in photoreceptor cells. PMID- 6969896 TI - The regeneration of visual pigments and the change of rod hypersensitivity after irradiation by bleaching light in frog retina. PMID- 6969897 TI - Some indications of the long-term health effects of a natural disaster. PMID- 6969898 TI - Axon reflex in ocular injury: sensory mediation of the response of the rabbit eye to laser irradiation of the iris. AB - Laser irradiation of the rabbit iris produces an injury response consisting of prolonged miosis, uveal vasodilation and a transient rise of intraocular pressure (IOP) accompanied by a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. This response has hitherto been attributed partly to prostaglandin (PG) mediation and partly to mediation by a non-cholinergic nervous pathway thought to be sensory in fuction. Responses of the rabbit eye to laser irritation were examined at specified intervals after diathermic coagulation of the epigasserian nerve tract. Both the intensity of the pupillary constriction and the increase in IOP were almost unaltered at 90 minutes but progressively decreased until at 4 days there was essentially no response to high energy laser irradiation in the denervated eye. It was evident that manifestation of the response is largely dependent upon the presence of intact and functional sensory nerves, and it is proposed that endogenous PGs exert some, if not all of their effects via sensory nerve endings. It is suggested that those terminals which are directly stimulated, whether by laser irradiation or by PGs formed during the injury, release some mediator to cause pupillary constriction. From thes terminals impulses pass orthodromically and antidromically by axon reflex to release further mediator from terminals in the region of the ciliary vessels or the major arterial circle. In this way the response is propagated and augmented. PMID- 6969899 TI - Evaluation of ischemic heart disease by computerized transmission tomography. AB - As the technology of CTT advances in speed and resolution, a new clinical applications of this modality for noninvasive evaluation of ischemic heart disease should emerge. This modality has already advanced to the stage at which it can compete with echocardiography in producing static images of cardiac structures. The ability of CTT to quantitate regional blood flow using dynamic densitometry is a unique capability of this modality. Although cardiac scintigraphy provides excellent density sensitivity using small amounts of radioactive tracers, it currently lacks the spatial fidelity needed to differentiate many anatomic structures in the heart. Thus, CTT will likely complement the capabilities of other noninvasive imaging modalities. In the future, ultra high-speed CTT scanners will be developed that should provide a multi-section capacity for true three-dimensional imaging. Such scanners will enable many of the cardiac CTT techniques described in this article to advance from the experimental laboratory stage into the mainstream of clinical practice. PMID- 6969901 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of colloid cysts of the third ventricle. AB - The computed tomographic findings in 14 cases of colloid cysts of the third ventricle are discussed. These tumors usually present as homogeneous, rounded lesions at the level of the foramina of Monro, with widening of the septum pellucidum. They are commonly hyperdense and show some enhancement upon injection of contrast material. The differential diagnosis of these tumors includes aneurysms of the tip of the basilar artery and the various gliomas of the third ventricle. PMID- 6969900 TI - Detection of gastrointestinal blood loss with 99mTc-labeled, heat-treated red blood cells. AB - Studies in dogs showed that heat-treated 99mTc-labeled red blood cells (HT/RBC) afford a highly sensitive means of detecting gastrointestinal bleeding as low as 0.12 ml/min., which could not be seen with unheated 99mTc-RBC, 99mTc-sulfur colloid, or 99mTc-DTPA. In addition, as the right upper quadrant and epigastrium remained free of activity, only one fifth to one tenth of the dose of 99mTc was needed. The safety of HT/RBC in humans has been documented, and the experiments in dogs suggest that it may have advantages over other agents in detecting gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6969902 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity in atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 6969905 TI - [Transhepatic embolization of oesophageal varices (author's transl)]. AB - Personal experience (12 cases) and a literature review (165 cases) of trans hepatic embolization of oesophageal varices are evaluated; indications, contra indications, complications and results are discussed. Results are analyzed in term of: history of past bleeding, bleeding at the moment of the procedure, successive surgical or medical treatment. Moreover portal haemodynamics variations induced by the procedure are evaluated. PMID- 6969906 TI - [Angiographic therapy of arterial digestive system hemorrhages]. PMID- 6969904 TI - [Therapeutic embolization of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present their experience with 18 cases of hepatic arterial embolization: 9 for neoplasm, 8 for hemorrhage and 1 for vascular malformation. Aside from contral of acute arterial bleeding, this angiographic technique has extended its indications to the preoperative or palliative treatment of hepatic primary and secondary tumors and also to non surgical treatment of arterovenous and malformations. Compared to surgical ligation, embolization, being highly selective, produces less damage to the normal parenchyma. In case of inoperable tumors embolization produces some improvement of general conditions and has analgesic effect; while when operation is possible it may act as a preoperative devascularization procedure. Finally with employment of non absorbable material embolization may substitute surgery in presence of arterovenous malformation. The procedure has no controindications but it is essential that hepatic function is preserved and that portal flow dynamics are not altered. Among laboratory data to be investigated blood glucose level is particularly important since it may reveal ischemic damage. Possible complications due to reflux of emboli can be avoided with a correct technique and with some simple acquirements. PMID- 6969907 TI - [Multiple embolizations to control duodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6969903 TI - [T-lymphocytes in Trichophyton rubrum infections]. PMID- 6969908 TI - [Critical analysis of the gastroacidogram in gastroduodenal pathology]. PMID- 6969910 TI - [Acute upper digestive hemorrhage: value of endoscopy in the diagnosis and prognosis]. PMID- 6969909 TI - [Respiratory symptoms and spirographic tests in healthy and non-smoking populations of 2 areas with different levels of air pollution in Rio de Janeiro]. PMID- 6969911 TI - [Gastric lipoma. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 6969912 TI - [Treatment of accidental surgical injuries of the common hepatic duct. Analysis of 27 cases]. PMID- 6969914 TI - [Anesthesia in aortocoronary by-pass]. PMID- 6969915 TI - [2 cases of eosinophilic granuloma (histiocytosis X)]. PMID- 6969913 TI - [Abdominal angiostrongylosis]. PMID- 6969916 TI - [Diagnostic criteria of the main rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6969917 TI - [Immunology of the lung]. PMID- 6969918 TI - [Rheumatological emergencies in peripheral joints (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969919 TI - [The search for anti-B cell antibodies and HLA-DR typing in Montpellier]. AB - Screening of anti HLA-DR sera was obtained without absorptions of sera on platelets. In the first place, all our sera were tested by a lymphocytotoxicity technic on 20 T lymphocytes varieties, containing all the known HLA-A, B, C antigens. Anti HLA-A, B, C antibodies are isolated and excluded. Other sera are tested on 20 B lymphocytes varieties and positive sera are harvested, which often contains anti HLA-DR antibodies. HLA-DR typing were performed on 100 healthy not related individuals. The sera were, some from different laboratories (France Transplant, Lyon), others from Montpellier (37 local sera). A lymphocytes were isolated by adhesivity on nylon wool column. A one stage lymphocytotoxicity technic was used for typing. Anti HLA-DR sera often are polyspecific and often contain antibodies with unknown specificity. The frequency of seven classical antigens, from DRw1 to DRw7 was established in the Languedoc populations. The antigens distribution is close to that observed in Europe, except for DRw1 which is more frequent. Several cross reactions between HLA-DR antigens were noticed. PMID- 6969920 TI - [Treatment of malignant tumors of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6969921 TI - [The significance of icterus in pregnancy for perinatal mortality and morbidity]. PMID- 6969922 TI - [Urologic complications in gynecology]. PMID- 6969924 TI - [A new approach to studying the hydrodynamics of the eye in glaucoma]. PMID- 6969923 TI - [The effect of the concentration and origin of antigens on leukocyte migration in women with malignant gynecologic tumors]. PMID- 6969925 TI - [Epidemiology and clinical course of dermatophytoses caused by Epidermophyton floccosum]. PMID- 6969926 TI - [The effect of refeeding after a few days of glucose administration on the synthesis of DNA and proteins in rat liver]. PMID- 6969927 TI - [Lipids and liposoluble vitamins]. PMID- 6969928 TI - [The mineral picture of acute hyperkalemia in anuric rats]. PMID- 6969930 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of Achilles tendon rupture]. PMID- 6969929 TI - [Bartter's syndrome]. PMID- 6969931 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica infections and rheumatic diseases. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. ent.) infections are rather frequently complicated by acute reactive inflammation in the connective tissue, especially in the joints. At this stage of the disease the specific diagnosis can be obtained either by bacterial isolation and identification from the feces and/or mesenterial lymph nodes, or by serological methods. Serodiagnostics are frequently the only method during the complication phase, since the bacteria have often disappeared from the feces by this stage of the disease. Specific Y. ent. serodiagnostics are benefitted by the fact that no antisera cross-react with the serotype 3 thermostable O-antigen. A titre of greater than or equal to 80 is therefore highly indicative of a recent or current Y. ent. infection. In the absence of other known arthritogenic agents the Y. ent. antibodies are highly indicative of the Y. ent. etiology of a current disease. The Y. ent. complications affect most inflammatory reactive diseases, acute as well as chronic. In an area in which Y. ent. infections are endemic, Y. ent. is the most frequent cause of acute and chronic arthritis. The present results indicate that not all cases of acute Y. ent. arthritis remit, but some persist, usually with an intermittent course, and develop into rheumatoid arthritis or allied conditions. This suggests a common pathogenic mechanism in most inflammatory rheumatic diseases. It is proposed that the time has come for a classification of these diseases based on their etiology, in order to replace the present symptom-based treatment with a causal one, and to institute prophylactic measures. The pathology is not exclusive to Y. ent., but can presumably also be brought about by other bacteria, such as gonococci, meningococci, salmonellae, shigellae, and brucellae, possibly by their content of lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6969933 TI - Yersinia arthritis in children. AB - Over a 10-year period 37 children were hospitalized with infections of Yersinia enterocolitica III, IX or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IA. The diagnosis was based on elevated antibody titres against these micro-organisms. Thirteen of the children had reactive arthritis caused by Yersinia. The duration of arthritis in the primary phase varied between 3 and 22 months, the average being 6.5 months. Two patients developed persistent arthritis. chemical synovectomy with osmic acid was performed in 3 children because of persistent synovitis in the knee joint. All 3 became asymptomatic after this therapy. The follow-up study of the patients with arthritis was performed after an average period of 4 years 7 months. The histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 was found in 11 of the 13 children. This group included both patients with chronic arthritis and the 3 synovectomized children. Reactive arthritis in this material was a common, serious complication in an otherwise benign infection. PMID- 6969934 TI - Reiter's disease with childhood onset having special reference to HLA B27. Report of a case and a review. AB - A case of Reiter's disease occurring in a girl aged 7 is reported. It commenced with diarrhoea precipitated by a salmonella infection. The patient has suffered from recurring arthritis accompanied by conjunctivitis, oral lesions and nail changes. The course was protracted, the patients having had two recurrences during a period of 6 1/2 years. The first of these lasted for more than one year, the second for a few months. The patient carries the histocompatibility antigen HLA B27 and a review of the literature would seem to establish that the correlation between Reiter's disease with childhood onset and this tissue antigen is as close as that reported in adults. It is stressed that the patient is now in complete remission and that no radiological changes have been demonstrated despite the protracted course. The patient shows no signs either of spondylitis or of sacro-iliitis. PMID- 6969935 TI - Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage following ingestion of 'Alka-Seltzer'. PMID- 6969932 TI - HLA B27, sacro-iliitis and peripheral arthropathy in acute anterior uveitis. AB - Thirty-four consecutively admitted patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU) were examined. The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Twenty-two patients (67%) were HLA B27 positive. Twelve (36%) had radiographical sacro-iliitis; all were males and were HLA B27 positive. Three of them were asymptomatic. Eighteen patients (53%) had low back pain suggestive of sacro-iliitis, but this symptom was associated neither with radiographical sacro-iliitis nor with HLA B27. Radiographical sacro-iliitis and HLA B27 occurred together more frequently in males than in females. It was concluded that the association between AAU and signs of joint affection reflects the association seen in HLA B27 positive patients, while HLA B27 negative patients suffered from low back pain as well. HLA B27 positive patients with AAU should be remitted for radiographical examination of the sacro-iliac joints. PMID- 6969936 TI - Statistical studies of mortality and air pollution. Multiple regression analyses by cause of death. AB - Multiple regression analyses are presented relating community air quality, socioeconomic variables, and mortality rates for all cancers, respiratory system cancer, respiratory disease, and external causes, for U.S. cities for 1969-1971. Socioeconomic variables included an index of cigarette smoking (by state), which was usually highly significant. Most air pollution variables were not significant, however, with the exception of the trace metal manganese, which was associated with cancers and respiratory disease. Because of the low ambient concentrations in this study, it is likely that manganese is serving as a surrogate for some other effect, such as occupational influences for example. PMID- 6969938 TI - [Electronic data processing systems in nuclear medicine]. PMID- 6969939 TI - Mandatory retirement and labor-force participation of respondents in the Retirement History Study. AB - The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) was amended in 1978 to prohibit mandatory retirement before age 70 in most occupations. The impact of this legislation on the probability of older persons remaining in the labor force is the primary concern of this article. Specifically, questions concerning which older workers are affected by mandatory-retirement provisions and the extent to which they are forced to retire and leave the labor force are examined. Tabular analysis of data from the Retirement History Study on persons aged 62-63 in 1969 shows significant variation in mandatory-retirement coverage between the public and private sectors and across industries, occupations, and demographic groups. Until age 65, the labor-force participation rate of those facing compulsory retirement is higher than or equal to that of those not covered but it drops significantly below the noncovered rate after 65. Logit analysis of the labor force participation of persons before and after age 65 indicates that mandatory retirement at that age reduces the probability of retirement by approximately 16.7 percentage points for white men wage earners. This results in a decline in the labor-force participation rate of all men aged 66-67 of approximately 4 percentage points. PMID- 6969937 TI - Transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation in postlaminectomy pain. AB - Transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) has been shown to be very effective in providing acute postoperative and delivery pain relief. We specifically applied this modality ot Northwestern Memorial Hospital using constant postoperative neurostimulation to patients who had had cervical or lumbar laminectomies for a variety of reasons, but mainly for herniated intervertebral discs and osteoarthritic spurs. The results in both groups were compatible with earlier findings by Hymes and co-workers, who reported decreased narcotic intake, decreased pain behavior or subjective complaints, and increased physical recovery. Patients who responded to TENS showed an average 50% decrease in dosage of narcotic analgesics, expressed fewer complaints of pain, and appeared to show more rapid postoperative physical recovery than the patients who were not treated with TENS. Seventy-nine percent of the lumbar laminectomy group and 87.5% of the cervical laminectomy group showed 50% or greater relief of acute, severe postlaminectomy pain. Other advantages of using TENS included ease of application and lack of major complaints. PMID- 6969940 TI - [Histiocytosis X in the hypothalamus area]. PMID- 6969941 TI - Antigen-pulsed neutrophils bearing Ia antigens can induce T lymphocyte proliferative response to the syngeneic or semisyngeneic antigen-primed T lymphocytes. AB - Antigen-pulsed neutrophils from mouse peritoneal cavities displayed a remarkable level of lymphocyte proliferative activities to antigen-primed T lymphocytes. Genetic mapping studies demonstrated that compatibility at the I-A, as well as I E/C, subregions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was essential for effective presentation of the lysozyme antigen. These antigen-presenting activities were remarkably inhibited by anti-Ia sera. Inhibition tests revealed that neutrophil immune-associated (Ia) antigens seem to be essential for antigen presentation during the initial 8 hr. Elimination studies of antigen-pulsed neutrophils with alloantisera plus complement revealed these antigen-presenting neutrophils bearing both I-A and I-E/C gene products on the same cells. These results suggest that Ia-positive neutrophils might play a role in the immune response through antigen presentation. PMID- 6969942 TI - Effects of adult F1 thymocytes on graft-versus-host splenomegaly and homing of parental normal and cortisone-resistant thymocytes in F1 neonates. AB - In Simonsen assays parental cortisone-resistant thymocytes (P-CRTs) accounted for all of the thymic graft-versus-host reactivity (GVHR) of 3- to 6-week-old BALB/c males in (C3H X BALB/c) (CBF1) neonatal recipients. In the course of these studies, it was observed that coinjection of P-CRTs with large numbers of normal CBF1 thymocytes (F1 NTs) significantly reduced the GVHR of the P-CRTs as measured in Simonsen splenomegaly and [3H]TdR splenic proliferation assays. Homing experiments indicate that one explanation for the reduction in GVHR was a specific decrease in the homing of P-CRTs to spleens of F1 neonatal hosts when P CRTs were coinjected with F1 NTs. PMID- 6969944 TI - [Results of the studies of bacterial flora of the conjunctiva and the methods of prevention of intraocular infections]. PMID- 6969943 TI - Failure of dexamethasone to induce in vitro lysis of human mononuclear cells. PMID- 6969945 TI - [Characteristics of the nystagmus reaction in unilateral chronic suppurative otitis media]. PMID- 6969946 TI - [Vestibular function in early forms of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6969947 TI - Comparative study of 3H-fucose incorporation into vertebrate photoreceptor outer segments. PMID- 6969950 TI - [Treatment experience with cervix uteri tumors]. AB - During the period of 1946-1972 5279 patients with cervical cancer were treated, which data were processed by an electronic computer. In 83.6% of cases squamous non-keratoid cancer was revealed histologically. Most of patients were admitted in stage II (53.68%). An average of 5-year survival was 44.36%. However, the best results were obtained in treatment of patients being in Stage I, in whom the operation following irradiation showed no tumor tissue in the specimen. A 5-year survival in this group was 88.13%. PMID- 6969949 TI - [Cellular immunity indices in primary cancer and nontumorous diseases of the liver]. AB - By means of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to 2,4 DNCB, tuberculin and quantitation of T-RFC it was shown that cell immunity indices in primary hepatic cancer are reduced to a greater extent than in persons with nontumor lesions. Persistant opisthorchosis invasion is of great significance in impairing the cell immunity in man, which is an immunological support to the idea of opisthorchosis being precancer of the liver. PMID- 6969951 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin (A-1-AT) level in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6969948 TI - The internal horizontal cells of the frog retina: a morphometric analysis. PMID- 6969952 TI - [The hemorrhagic infarction of the cecum. A complication after the intake of potassium-chloride tablets (author's transl)]. AB - Case report of a 28 year old female patient who had a localized gangrene of the cecum after the intake of Kalinor-Dragees an enteric-coated potassium tablet. It is emphasized that the enteric-coated potassium-tablets have a higher complication rate of stenosis, ulceration and spontaneous perforation of the small bowel, than the slow-release tablets. One should remember potassium chloride tablet as a possible cause of unexplained stenosis, localized gangrene, ulceration or perforation of the small bowel. PMID- 6969953 TI - [Unusual early changes in malignant lymphoma of the B-cell type with a low degree of malignity]. PMID- 6969954 TI - [Frequency, localization and severity of coronary artery stenoses in correlation to age (author's transl)]. AB - Angiograms of three different groups of patients were examined as to incidence, localization and severity of regional and overall coronary stenoses in correlation to age (group I = 217 patients with valvular and congenital heart disease, 174 patients with coronary heart disease without [group II] and after infarction [group III = 251 patients]). In group I the incidence and number of stenoses increased significantly with age, but not the severity of stenoses. In group III the age dependency of the number of stenoses was less significant and again there was no age correlation to the severity of stenoses. In group II no correlation of the examined parameters to age was found. Judging the severity of coronary sclerosis by a special score, there was a significant increase in group II compared to I and in III compared to II. Furthermore, this coronary score correlated to age in group I and III. In all three groups the stenoses were most frequently found in the proximal parts of the vessels independent from age. Stenosing coronary sclerosis is not an age-induced disease. Its more frequent incidence in older patients is caused by the longer lasting effect of risk factors with aging. Once symptomatic with angina pectoris, the coronary anatomy, does not depend on age. Thus regarding coronary anatomy, coronary bypass grafting should be equally possible in the elderly patients as in the younger ones. In patients with myocardial infarction, the number of diseased vessels increased with age. PMID- 6969955 TI - [Dynamics of splenic lymphocytes and immunosuppression in Toxoplasma infected mice (author's transl)]. AB - Mice infected with high-virulent strains of T. gondii sustained a marked decrease of splenic lymphocytes within 7-10 days after infection, just prior to death. When infected with a low-virulent strain, the numbers of splenic lymphocytes and of T-lymphocytes fluctuated, but gradually increased over a period of 30 days. To evaluate their immunologic potential, the mice infected with a low-virulent strain of Toxoplasma were immunized with sheep erythrocytes on different days after infection, and antibody levels were measured by direct hemagglutination. Antibody response was minimal when sheep cells had been injected 10 days after infection with Toxoplasma; subsequently immunologic reactivity improved, but even after 30 days anti-sheep agglutinin titers were still below pre-infection levels. PMID- 6969956 TI - [Changes in cellular and humoral immunity in the postoperative period (author's transl)]. AB - The decrease of E-rosettes forming lymphocytes in infants and children after surgery indicates a temporary deficiency of the cellular immune-defence, which depends on the age of the patients and the duration of the procedure. It finds its most marked expression in newborns and infants respectively, after major abdominal surgery. Children suffering from pre-operative complications like shock, ileus or infection have lower initial values and get post-operative infections more frequently. The humoral immune-defence is not impaired, the IgM concentrations even show a significant post-operative increase. PMID- 6969957 TI - [Health problems in prisoners]. AB - We interviewed 258 prisoners in Nordern-Switzerland. At that time, 55% suffered from a chronic or an acute illness. 32% smoked 20 and 37% more than 20 cigarettes a day. 46% had consumed drugs in the past (marihuana, LSD, heroin). PMID- 6969958 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We studied 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 24 age- and sex-matched controls for lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a significantly lower relative lymphocyte count (p < 0.005) and a higher percentage of T lymphocytes bearing Fc-receptor for IgM (TM) (p < 0.05). The proportion of B lymphocytes, total T lymphocytes and T lymphocytes with Fc-receptors for IgG (TG) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was not different from that in controls. In 1 of 5 cases tested incubation of T lymphocytes in autologous rheumatoid factor positive serum instead of FCS resulted in significant reduction of TM and increase in TG cells. These results are discussed in relation to possible immunological factors involved in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6969959 TI - [Asphyxial shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in animal experiments. 3. Secondary fibrinolysis (author's transl)]. AB - In artificially hypoxic rabbit foetuses, rising hydrogen ion concentration with excessive precipitation of fibrin in the microcirculation, with pH values between 7.0 and 6.9, was followed by discontinuation of DIC on account of predominant regular occurrence of secondary fibrinolysis. Such processes of secondary fibrinolysis, which could be inhibited by para-amino methylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), were found to be capable of re-opening completely the circulatory tracks in surviving foetuses. In other cases, they might persist beyond death and cover up pathologico-anatomic findings, if neglected. PMID- 6969961 TI - Hemodynamic effects of physical training in established arterial hypertension. AB - Six patients with established arterial hypertension have been studied before and after a three months period of regular intense physical training. After training the maximal oxygen uptake was 9.6% higher (P < 0.02) and the heart rate was lower at rest (-8 beats/min; NS) and during submaximal exercise (-12 beats/min; P < 0.001). This bradycardia was attended by a slight decrease in cardiac output and an increase in the arterio-mixed venous oxygen difference; the blood pressure was unchanged and, accordingly, the peripheral resistance were slightly increased after training (+ 17%, P < 0.005 at rest and + 6.5% NS during exercise). We concluded that physical training has no specific hypotensive effect in patients with established arterial hypertension; in these patients the changes induced by training are very similar to those observed in normal subjects or in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6969960 TI - [The Holter technic: why do we use it?]. PMID- 6969962 TI - Mitral annular calcification: clinical and echocardiographic features. AB - One hundred records from patients with the single or two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) diagnosis of mitral annular calcification (MAC) were analyzed. 2DE manifestations of MAC included a characteristic bright structure located at the junction of the A-V groove and posterior mitral leaflet. Sixteen of the 100 patients had idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), a 44% (16/36) incidence in all patients with IHSS having echoes during the study period. IHSS patients with MAC were significantly older (mean 61 years vs. 43 years, p < .005) than 20 other IHSS patients without MAC studied during the same period. Both IHSS patients and non-IHSS patients with MAC had significantly lower serum calcium levels than normals or the IHSS patients without MAC. These observations support the view that the pathogenesis of MAC is related to degenerative changes from aging and increased stress on the mitral apparatus. Alterations in calcium metabolism possibly contribute to calcium deposition in the mitral annulus. PMID- 6969963 TI - [Arrhythmias in patients with pacemakers]. AB - Description of five cases of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in patients with a cardiac pacemaker and broad view of the mechanism leading to these rhythm disturbances. Attention is focused on the fact that these rhythm disturbances, which are most often provoked by abnormalities of pacing, may be sometimes completely unrelated. PMID- 6969964 TI - [Hemodynamic complication of ventricular stimulation in a patient with moderate aortic stenosis]. AB - This report is concerned with a patient aged 76 with mild to moderate aortic stenosis and transient A-V block who was treated by stand-by intracardiac pacing. In spite of this, the patient continued to present syncopal attacks. It is demonstrated that these episodes were related to dramatic decreases of systolic blood pressure and cardiac output occurring whenever the right ventricle was paced. These hemodynamic alterations were secondary to the loss of atrial contribution to ventricular filling. They were suppressed by insertion of a sequential auriculoventricular pacemaker. PMID- 6969965 TI - Transient right bundle branch block unmasking anteroseptal infarction concealed by left posterior fascicular block. AB - A case of acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction (MI) associated with transient right bundle branch block (RBBB) and a probably persistent left posterior fascicular block is reported. When the RBBB disappeared, small initial r waves were present in the right precordial leads concealing the evidence of MI. Finally, the electrocardiographic pattern evolved to an atypical form of incomplete left bundle branch block. An hypothetic role of the middle septal fascicle in this electrocardiographic evolution is discussed. PMID- 6969966 TI - Follicular development in the neonatal mouse ovary; effect of epidermal growth factor. AB - The growth of the ovary has been studied in the mouse after administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Newborn females injected daily with EGF for the first 5 days of life showed a retardation of ovarian development. The number of follicles in the resting pool (small follicles) was significantly greater than in control animals and there were fewer growing follicles at more advanced stages of development (types 3b and 4). The percentage of mitotic figures in the follicular and surface epithelia of the ovary and the epithelium of the extra-ovarian rete was also significantly reduced after EGF. The results indicate that EGF may inhibit rather than promote the growth of follicles in the neonatal mouse ovary in vivo. PMID- 6969967 TI - The effect of transfer factor on spontaneous shedding of sheep red blood cell binding receptors of T lymphocytes in vitro. AB - Many effects of transfer factor can be used for testing of its activity in vitro. Its effect on rosette formation has been utilized in two methods: the enhancement of rosetting of trypsin-treated T lymphocytes and the increase of 'active' rosettes depressed under some immunopathological conditions. 'Active' rosetting lymphocytes of healthy blood donors if kept at 37 degrees C for 4 hr shed partly their sheep red blood cell-binding receptors into the culture medium supplemented with 25% fetal calf serum. The adding of the negative skin test-converting fraction of dialysable leucocyte extracts inhibits the decrease of the number of rosettes. Possible explanations for the observed phenomenon are: transfer factor increases the rate of receptor synthesis, it causes uncovering or redistribution of the receptors, or it stabilizes otherwise shed membrane structures. PMID- 6969968 TI - The alpha-1-antitrypsin--trypsin complex in acute pancreatitis. AB - Production in acute pancreatitis of the trypsin-alpha-1-antitrypsin complex was studied by means of two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. The complex was found to appear a few hours after the first clinical manifestations and to be demonstrable for 3 to 4 weeks. The diagnostic possibilities of the method are discussed. PMID- 6969969 TI - Practical and pharmacological implications of continuous intravenous anesthesia. AB - The concept of continuous intravenous anesthesia is reviewed and the need for an index comparable to MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) for volatile and gaseous anesthetics is stressed. The pharmacokinetic requirements for an intravenous anesthetic for continuous infusion are stated, and the place of existing intravenous anesthetics is discussed. PMID- 6969971 TI - The natural history of drug abuse. PMID- 6969972 TI - Radiographic progression of rheumatoid arthritis related to some clinical and laboratory parameters. AB - In 188 patients followed for 3 to 12 years, the radiologic course of rheumatoid arthritis was assessed in 20 joint groups. A severe course in most joints was related to the presence of rheumatoid factor and to high values of the ESR. Granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies were related to a severe course in most joints. The presence of nodules, the Rose-Waaler titre and the presence of organ non-specific antinuclear antibodies were generally unrelated to the course of the disease. PMID- 6969970 TI - [Botanical and pharmacognostical studies of the Chinese drug Wei-ling-xian (author's transl)]. PMID- 6969973 TI - Complications of percutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein and its tributaries. AB - The complications of percutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein and its tributaries were assessed in 406 patients in whom 440 examinations had been performed and 8 unsuccessful attempts. Clinically relevant complications consisting of abdominal or external hemorrhage occurred in 24 cases with fatal outcome in 3. Complications involving the right pleural space occurred in 13 patients: collection of ascitic fluid in 6, bile effusion in 5 and bleeding in 2. Laparotomy was needed in 7 cases due to intraabdominal hemorrhage. The gallbladder was unintentionally punctured in 4 cases. Furthermore, a variety of minor complications of little clinical significance, such as extravasation of contrast medium, subintimal injection of contrast medium and minor intrahepatic hematomas, were observed. PMID- 6969975 TI - Resistance to atherosclerosis in pigs with von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6969974 TI - Circulating protein complexes in D-penicillamine therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Correlation between IgG- and alpha 1-antitrypsin-IgA complexes and clinical response. AB - Eighteen of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed intermediate IgG containing complexes on preparative ultracentrifugation before treatment with D penicillamine. Serial analyses of these showed strikingly close correlation in reduction of IgG as well as alpha 1-antitrypsin-IgA complexes. Three patients did not respond to treatment clinically, and retained both types of complexes. Complexes virtually disappeared in all responders. Only small changes were found in total IgG or IgM levels and the reduction of IgA levels was moderate, except for one case who developed IgA deficiency. The importance of further analysis of non-responders is stressed. PMID- 6969976 TI - The thrombo-haemorrhagic balance. PMID- 6969977 TI - Nature of radiation and chemically induced lesions and role or cellular mechanism in cell survival and mutagenesis. II. PMID- 6969978 TI - Brain edema: evaluation in vivo with positron emission tomography. PMID- 6969981 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization: a new approach to acute myocardial infarction therapy with the potential for widespread application. PMID- 6969980 TI - Early coronary graft thrombosis following surgery for Prinzmetal's angina: treatment with nifedipine and thrombolysis. PMID- 6969979 TI - [Comparative study with cinoxacin, a new drug for the treatment of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 6969983 TI - Darwinian struggle against Hemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6969982 TI - Sequential postoperative assessment of left ventricular performance with gated cardiac blood pool imaging following aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - The comparative effects of normothermic intermittent ischemic arrest (IIA) and cardioplegia (C) on left ventricular (LV) performance were assessed by gated cardiac blood pool imaging in 57 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. In 34 patients, IIA was employed; 23 patients received C. Patients were studied preoperatively, sequentially in the immediate postoperative period at 30 minute intervals, and at 1 week after the operation, C and IIA groups did not differ in mean (+/- SEM) age, anginal class, number of diseased vessels, previous myocardial infarction, or preoperative ejection fraction (EF)(50 +/- 3% vs 50 +/- 2% [p = ns]). Aortic cross clamp time was greater with C than IIA (50 +/- 5 minutes vs 28 +/- 3 minutes [p = 0.001]). During the six sequential postoperative studies, transient LV dysfunction (greater than or equal to 7% decrease in absolute EF) was observed in 10 patients receiving C and in 16 patients receiving IIA. By time of discharge, 24 of 26 patients had returned to preoperative EF. Mean EF at discharge in the cardioplegia group did not differ compared to preoperative EF; in the IIA group, EF increased compared to preoperative EF (50 +/- 2% vs 55 +/- 2% [p < 0.01]). These data suggest that in patients with normal preoperative LV performance both C and IIA afford satisfactory myocardial preservation during aortocoronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6969984 TI - Ventricular aneurysm: cross-sectional echocardiographic approach. AB - Current angiographic indexes of ventricular function have proved inadequate for prognostication in patients with ventricular aneurysm. Cross-sectional echocardiography can visualize residual myocardium in all four walls of the left ventricle. A new echocardiographic technique of calculating residual myocardium is presented. The echocardiographic technique yielded identical information to that of contrast angiography (r = 0.97). An index of residual myocardium was generated from the cross-sectional echocardiogram that correlated with the clinical state of the patients. In patients treated medically it predicted those patients likely to die within 6 months (p < 0.005). Preliminary observations in patients having aneurysmectomy revealed that there were good surgical results in those with an index of residual myocardium of 0.42 or greater, but more patients are necessary to establish the lower limit of a surgically acceptable level of residual myocardium. PMID- 6969985 TI - Nifedipine in the treatment of unstable angina, coronary spasm and myocardial ischemia. AB - The effects of nifedipine, a potent calcium antagonist, were studied in patients with unstable angina, coronary spasm and myocardial ischemia. Data from two separate groups of patients studied in the cardiac catheterization laboratory indicate that intracoronary injection of nifedipine promptly reversed coronary spasm--whether provoked or spontaneous--in five of six patients. In other patients, direct intracoronary injection of the drug was compared with intravenous administration. After intracoronary injection, local mechanical cardiac action virtually ceased, and the ventricular wall became thinner during systole. Thus, a specific inhibitory action on contractile energy expenditure could be demonstrated in the presence of increased coronary flow. This "oxygen sparing" effect was tested in a group of 31 patients with symptomatic unstable angina whose pain at rest, with ST-T changes, had not responded to 8 hours of treatment with maximal beta adrenergic blockade, nitrates and bed rest. The addition of 6 X 10 mg of nifedipine rendered 27 of these patients asymptomatic within 1.5 hours. In the four patients who did not respond, coronary arteriography demonstrated severely stenotic lesions. Two of the four patients subsequently responded to intraaortic balloon pumping and bypass surgery; one patient had a myocardial infarction and one who had a 90 percent reduction in the diameter of the left main coronary artery, died. It is concluded that nifedipine should be added to beta adrenergic blockade therapy if the latter does not appear to be immediately effective. This combination has not been shown to cause any hemodynamic deterioration, and only a minority of the patients treated sustained a myocardial infarction during the first 3 months of follow-up. The use of nifedipine in unstable angina deserves further clinical evaluation. PMID- 6969986 TI - Rickets of prematurity. Supranormal levels of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. AB - Rickets, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism were found in a low-birth-weight premature infant. The concentration of plasma calcitriol (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D) was 145 pg/mL. With additional exogenous calcitriol (37.5 ng/kg/24 hr) given for eight weeks, the biochemical abnormalities were corrected and healing of rickets was evident. Three months later, while receiving only 400 IU of ergocalciferal daily, the patient had normal levels of serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase with a serum calcitriol concentration of 36 pg/mL. These observations suggest that rickets of prematurity may involve a malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus with an elevated calcitriol level needed to overcome this inadequate absorption. Additional doses of calcitriol may be of benefit in these infants, although it must be given carefully. Furthermore, the role of phosphate supplementation in these infants requires consideration. PMID- 6969987 TI - Needs for animal models of human diseases of the respiratory system. AB - Animal models are of two types those that occur spontaneously and those that the scientist produces by artefact. One value of spontaneously occurring models is that if pathogenetic mechanisms are identified, they give new leads for the study of human disease. There is a need for spontaneously occurring examples of so called primary or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension (arterial or venous), and emphysema. Acquired or artefactual models of each of these conditions are available and have led to better understanding of the pathological changes, but they have not led to identification of the basic or primary abnormality. A naturally occurring model of cystic fibrosis could be a major event in our control of this disease. A spontaneously occurring form of asthma is needed as a bridge between experiment and patient. Artefactual models that are needed are of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and shock lung. There is probably enough agreement--but only just--on the nature of bronchopulmonary dysplasia for specific needs to be identified. Here the questions concern the choice of an appropriate species--or several--in which to study the premature lung and its adaptation to air breathing and supportive therapy. Knowledge of comparative anatomy and physiology must influence choice of species for certain models. For adult respiratory failure, or shock lung, a model is needed that progresses to pulmonary hypertension. Spontaneous models of interstitial pneumonia and of infection, both viral and bacterial, are needed. An animal model of a disease is only as useful as the questions we ask of it. PMID- 6969988 TI - Surgical exposure of the facial nerve: contemporary transtemporal techniques. AB - Contemporary surgical exposure of the facial nerve has as its aims adequate exposure of the facial nerve at any point in its course, with preservation of hearing and vestibular function, and without further injury to the facial nerve and the necessity for producing a mastoid cavity. Today it is surgically possible to expose the facial nerve from the brainstem to its terminal branches in the face. A decade of experience has shown that if the operator is armed with intimate anatomic knowledge of the temporal bone and middle and posterior fossae, and if the principles of facial nerve surgery outlined earlier are meticulously adhered to, these aims may be accomplished. A system of surgery has been presented in detail with discussion of the advantages, disadvantages, and technique of the operation. By utilizing the appropriate procedure or combination of procedures, the otologic surgeon will realize the goals of predictable and safe surgical exposure of the facial nerve. PMID- 6969989 TI - Trilobed meningioma: ampulla of posterior semicircular canal, internal auditory canal, and cerebellopontine angle. AB - Meningiomas rarely arise from or remain limited to the temporal bone. When the diagnosis of temporal bone meningioma is made, it is mandatory to investigate the possibility of an intracranial component. Computerized axial tomography with contrast enhancement is of limited value in detecting small tumors adjacent to the temporal bone or within the internal auditory canal. If the computerized tomogram is normal, a positive contrast posterior fossa myelogram is indicated. The pitfall of depending solely upon computerized tomography to detect intracranial extension became clear in the evaluation of a patient found to have an unusual trilobed meningioma. PMID- 6969991 TI - Enzymology of otospongiosis and NaF therapy. PMID- 6969990 TI - Translabyrinthine surgery: anatomy and pathology. PMID- 6969992 TI - Isolated intralabyrinthine schwannoma. AB - Although most vestibular schwannomas arise in the internal auditory canal, a more peripheral site of origin is possible. We report a case of isolated schwannoma limited to the labyrinthine vestibule. Our description of the location of this tumor is further documentation that schwannomas can arise from the terminal vestibular nerve fibers to the cristae or maculae. Either the nerve roots of the superior vestibular nerve to the utricle and horizontal and superior semicircular canal cristae, or the nerve roots of the inferior vestibular nerve to the saccule and posterior semicircular canal crista may have been the locus of origin of this unusual tumor. Intralabyrinthine schwannoma should be included in the differential diagnosis in the face of progressive auditory and vestibular dysfunction. Because conventional roentgenographic studies usually fail to demonstrate the presence of schwannoma in this location surgical exploration of the labyrinthine vestibule in the presence of unserviceable hearing and incapacitating vertigo is indicated. PMID- 6969993 TI - Surgery of the only functioning vestibular end-organ: a case report. PMID- 6969994 TI - Hyperactive vestibular response of peripheral origin. AB - Hyperactive vestibular response in a patient was documented with electronystagmography (ENG). The patient's symptoms were relieved for a year following placement of a shunt from the saccus endolymphaticus to the subarachnoid space. Recurring symptoms were relieved for three years by cryosurgery to the hyperactive labyrinth. Activity of the involved labyrinth was shown on electronystagmography to be hyperactive when the patient was symptomatic and normal or hypoactive when the patient was asymptomatic. PMID- 6969995 TI - Vestibular neuronitis. PMID- 6969996 TI - Chloride transport inhibition by piretanide and MK-196 in bullfrog corneal epithelium. AB - Two new diuretic agents, piretanide and MK-196, inhibited short-circuit current (SCC) across the isolated frog corneal epithelium. The effect is explained as an inhibition of active Cl transport. A definite decrease in SCC and an increase in electrical resistance was observed with both diuretics in concentrations as low as 10(-6) M. Piretanide, at 10(-4) M, reduced the SCC by 90%, reduced th unidirectional forward Cl flux from 0.60 to 0.28 mueq x h-1 x cm-2, and increased the resistance by 60%. There was no effect on the Cl backflux. At 10(-4) M, MK 196 reduced the SCC by 83% and increased the resistance by 72%, from 1.68 to 2.91 k omega x cm2. Replacement of Cl by SO4 in the bathing solutions resulted in a larger increase in resistance, from 1.68 to 3.80 k omega x cm2. The diuretics had no effect on active Na transport across the corneal epithelium. After the permeability of the apical side was increased by amphotericin B, the drugs could not inhibit the Cl-originated SCC. These results suggest that piretanide and MK 196 selectively inhibit active Cl transport in the cornea by blocking Cl permeability of the apical side of the epithelial cells. PMID- 6969997 TI - Effect of temperature on hydraulic conductivity of single capillaries. AB - Paired determinations of the hydraulic conductivity (Lv) of individually perfused capillaries in frog mesentery were measured at 22-25 and 5-8 degrees C. The mean value of the ratio of the hydraulic conductivity at 22-25 to that at 5-8 degrees C was 1.76 +/- 0.22 (SE) in 10 capillaries perfused with albumin in the Ringer perfusate and 1.81 +/- 0.11 in six capillaries perfused with Ringer alone. The ratio of Lp can be accounted for in terms of a 1.60-fold increase in water viscosity between 22-25 and 5-8 degrees C. The results conform to the hypothesis that the structure of the principal pathway for water across the capillary wall is invariant with temperature; models of the water pathway that imply a change in the number of pathways or a change in pathway structure with temperature are incompatible with these results. Temperature gradients across the tissue are negligible in these experiments; calculations show that in the presence of temperature gradients, which occur during tissue cooling or rewarming, transcapillary water flows due to thermoosmosis are likely to occur. PMID- 6969998 TI - Prolonged depersonalization after marijuana use. AB - The author describes four cases of prolonged depersonalization that occurred months after marijuana use. Each occurred in the setting of a stressful life event. Depersonalization is a common experience during acute intoxication with marijuana, and these cases suggest that after the patients had experienced depersonalization, external stressors and intrapsychic factors may have contributed to its continued use as a defense mechanism. PMID- 6969999 TI - Success of medical and surgical management of acute variceal hemorrhage. AB - Peripheral intravenous Pitressin infusion, use of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, or both effectively controlled variceal hemorrhage in 69 percent of patients, allowing an interval of medical management before elective portasystemic shunt surgery. Prolonged preoperative in-hospital management significantly improved hepatic function in initially poor risk patients. This improvement in hepatic function appeared to result in decreased postoperative morbidity and an operative mortality equal to that of good risk patients. PMID- 6970000 TI - EEA esophageal stapling for control of bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Esophageal transection with the EEA stapler was performed in five patients with bleeding esophageal varices. Bleeding from varices has not recurred in surviving patients during follow-up of up to 27 months. One death occurred during the postoperative period. Esophageal transection with the EEA stapler is an effective means of preventing recurrent variceal hemorrhage. This technique is best suited for patients requiring emergency operation to prevent exsanguination and for those in whom a major shunting procedure is contraindicated because of the severity of hepatic disease or other medical illness. PMID- 6970001 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from left-sided portal hypertension. An unappreciated complication of pancreatitis. AB - Eleven of 16 patients with splenic vein thrombosis subsequent to pancreatitis had variceal hemorrhage. variceal development tends to occur in the stomach, although esophageal varices may also occur, and is a result of left-sided or segmental portal hypertension. The antecedent pancreatitis may be quite mild and produce minimal symptoms. Angiography is required to establish the diagnosis as endoscopic detection of gastric varices is difficult and unreliable. Splenectomy is the definitive treatment, although transgastric ligation of varices must be added if active bleeding is taking place. PMID- 6970002 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy in acute variceal hemorrhage. AB - Acute variceal hemorrhage in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and poor liver function is associated with a high mortality. A nonoperative treatment, endoscopic sclerotherapy, was employed in 22 patients with cirrhosis and poor liver function who had 24 episodes of acute variceal hemorrhage over a 20 month period. Portal hypertension was secondary to alcoholic cirrhosis in 21 patients and cystic fibrosis in 1 patient. Of the 24 patient admissions, 21 were of patients in Child's class C and 3 were class B. Endoscopic sclerotherapy was performed under endotracheal general anesthesia using a modified Negus rigid esophagoscope. The sclerosant (5 percent sodium morrhuate) was injected into all visible varices near the gastroesophageal junction using a MacBeth needle. Definitive control of variceal hemorrhage for the entire hospitalization was achieved in 19 of 24 admissions (79 percent). The in-hospital mortality for acute variceal bleeding was 29 percent; 81 percent of the patients were discharged after control of hemorrhage. There were two major and five minor complications related to sclerotherapy. Based on this preliminary experience it is concluded that injection sclerotherapy controls bleeding and reduces mortality associated with acute variceal hemorrhage in patients with poor liver function. PMID- 6970003 TI - Hemorrhage from ileal varices after total proctocolectomy. AB - We report two cases of hemorrhage from ileal varices developing after total proctocolectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis. Intermittent peristomal bleeding preceded life-threatening hemorrhage from tru ileal varices proximal to the stoma. Management by portacaval shunting was effective and has not resulted in encephalopathy. PMID- 6970004 TI - Factors affecting mortality in biliary tract surgery. AB - Fifteen clinical and laboratory parameters in 155 consecutive patients having bile duct surgery over a 3 year period were analyzed in an effort to define the factors associated with a poor outcome and to define the subpopulation of patients at greatest risk. Ten of the 15 parameters evaluated were found to correlate significantly (p < 0.05) with hospital mortality. Five or more risk factors correlated significantly with mortality (p < 0.0001) and with postoperative renal failure, bacteremia and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (p < 0.005). This risk-factor analysis has the advantages of providing information rapidly and employing only clinical observations and readily available laboratory tests. Patients with five or more risk factors should be considered for preoperative percutaneous transhepatic decompression. PMID- 6970005 TI - Does luminal gastrin stimulate gastric acid secretion? AB - The effects of pentagastrin on acid secretion, short circuit current, electrical conductance and potential difference were determined in isolated bullfrog fundic mucosa. Biologically active luminal pentagastrin had no effect on gastric mucosa, even at a concentration 100 times higher than that necessary for stimulation of the mucosa from the serosal side. It is concluded that luminal gastrin does not appear to have a physiologic role in gastric secretory processes. PMID- 6970006 TI - Factors influencing survival after therapeutic shunts. Results of a discriminant function and linear logistic regressions analysis. AB - Data on 100 consecutive patients undergoing portasystemic shunt at three hospitals of the University of California, San Francisco, were analyzed retrospectively to look for variables portending poor immediate and long-term outcome. As a determinant of early mortality after portacaval shunt, the Child's classification of the patient remains the single most important factor. If the patient is in Child's class C and has a hematocrit of less than 32 percent, he is even less likely to survive 30 days. The malnourished male patient who resumes drinking postoperatively is least likely to survive 1 year. Though short- and long-term mortality did not correlate with type of shunt, the prosthetic interposition mesocaval shunt was associated with an unacceptably high thrombosis rate of 20 percent in our institutions, and represented a technical failure to achieve the goal of preventing further variceal bleeding. No matter what type of shunt was performed, however, the 30 day mortality of Child's class C patients exceeded 50 percent. In the latter patients methods of treatment other than portasystemic shunts should be evaluated. PMID- 6970007 TI - ICI 35868 (Diprivan): a new intravenous induction agent. A comparison with methohexitone. AB - ICI 35868 (Diprivan) has been used as an induction agent in patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery and as the sole anaesthetic agent during bronchoscopy, and its effects were compared with those of methohexitone. The new agent proved to be satisfactory, although induction of anaesthesia was significantly longer than following methohexitone. complications were similar with both drugs. ICI 35868 deserves full investigation as an intravenous anaesthetic agent. PMID- 6970008 TI - Gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of oligosaccharides obtained by partial acetolysis of glycans of glycoproteins. PMID- 6970010 TI - Acute epiglottitis in adults. AB - Epiglottitis in adults, while uncommon, is certainly not rare. Despite the increasing reports of the disorder in the literature, it continues to be misdiagnosed in emergency departments. The first step in the diagnosis of acute epiglottitis is for the emergency physician to think of it. The literature concerning the etiology, pathology, and the management of epiglottitis in adults is reviewed. PMID- 6970009 TI - A quantitative approach to cytoarchitectonics. VI. The areal pattern of the cortex of the albino rat. AB - Quantitative methods were used to examine the cerebral cortex of the albino rat. A computer-controlled automatic image analyzer was used to determine by a systematic scanning procedure the grey level index of the 60 X 60 mum measuring fields in Nissl-stained serial sections form three brains. Based upon various selected thresholds or ranges of grey level indices, topographically accurate computer plots were produced, and an areal pattern of the cortex worked out according to quantitative considerations. Maps of the cytoarchitectonic areas of the cortex were reconstructed graphically. The present analysis shows a cortical pattern which differs to a great extent from Krieg's (1946) classical description, but corresponds to the degeneration studies, studies on axonal transport and neurophysiological studies of various cortical areas as described in the literature. PMID- 6970012 TI - Kartagener's syndrome with absence of inner dynein arms of respiratory cilia. AB - Morphologic abnormalities of spermatozoa and respiratory cilia at the electron microscopic level have been described in the immotile-cilia syndrome and chronic respiratory diseases. Most often there has been a total absence of the dynein arms. The current report describes absence of only the inner dynein arm in respiratory cilia from a patient with Kartagener's Syndrome, thus recording another variation in the abnormality of ciliary morphologic features believed to be recessive inherited. PMID- 6970011 TI - Pulmonary function in young children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: comparison with matched control subjects. AB - In this paper we report the initial cross-sectional data from a prospective study of pulmonary function in children with moderately severe and severe alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. Using a case-control design, our cases were 19 children 3 to 7 years of age with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Pi phenotype ZZ or SZ. Control subjects were selected from healthy children participating in a study to establish reference values for functional residual capacity and maximal expiratory flow at functional residual capacity, using a 1:1 match for sex, height, age, and weight. We found no significant difference between the cases and their matched control subjects with respect to functional residual capacity and maximal expiratory flow at functional residual capacity. We conclude that through 7 years of age there is no gross impairment in overall pulmonary function in children with moderately severe and severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Pi phenotypes ZZ and SZ. PMID- 6970013 TI - Isolation and identification of 24-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. PMID- 6970014 TI - Subpopulations of T lymphocytes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Subpopulations of human blood T lymphocytes were determined in 20 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and in 20 healthy individuals. The proportion of T lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (TG cells) was increased in 9 patients. The proportion of T lymphocytes bearing receptors for the fc portion of IgM (TM cells) was within the range found in healthy controls in all but 4 patients, who had a decreased level of TM cells. PMID- 6970015 TI - Lack of correlation between activated clotting time and plasma heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The activated clotting time (ACT) with a Hemochron system for determining heparin requirements during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, (CPB) accompanied by hemodilution and hypothermia was evaluated using plasma heparin levels as a standard. In 28 patients who were administered a standard heparin regimen (300 units/kg prebypass, 8000 units in the pump prime and 100 units/kg hourly during CPB) mean prebypass plasma heparin was 4 units/ml, and ACT was 493 seconds. During CPB mean plasma heparin decreased significantly (p < 0.001) to 3.1 units/ml, whereas mean ACT increased significantly (p < 0.001) to 674 seconds. The mean protamine requirement predicted from ACT was significantly higher (43%) than predicted from plasma heparin levels or actual protamine administered. The ACT neither accurately reflected plasma heparin during CPB nor predicted protamine requirements. The fixed-dose regimen employed, however, prevented both intraoperative thrombosis, assessed clinically in all patients, and clotting on six arterial line filters, as determined by scanning EM, despite wide variations in ACT and plasma heparin levels during surgery. PMID- 6970016 TI - Predictors of perioperative myocardial infarction in coronary artery operation. AB - Postoperative graft patency and thirteen perioperative variables were evaluated as potential risk factors for perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) in 102 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Also, the incidence of perioperative MI and the amount of CK-MB released in the postoperative period were compared in three groups of patients selected according to the myocardial preservation technique employed: (1) topical hypothermia with and (2) without aortic cross-clamping and (3) cardioplegia. A perioperative MI as detected by electrocardiogram, enzymes, and myocardial scintigraphy with technetium 99 developed in 15 patients. Most important predictors of perioperative MI were found to be (1) left main and triple-vessel coronary artery disease, (2) a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure greater than or equal to 15 mm Hg, (3) a decreased ejection fraction (p < 0.05), and (4) cardiopulmonary bypass time > 120 minutes (p < 0.01). The incidence of perioperative MI was 50% in patients with three or more risk factors and 7% in those with less than three risk factors (p < 0.001). Graft patency was similar in patients with or without perioperative MI. Differing myocardial preservation techniques did not influence CK-MB release or the incidence of perioperative MI. Thus, the severity of ischemic heart disease and the length of the cardiopulmonary bypass time were important predictors of perioperative MI while graft patency and myocardial preservation technique did not appear to be related to its incidence in this study. PMID- 6970017 TI - Massive venous air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - A massive bolus of oxygen was forced into the right atrium and venous system of a patient during cardiopulmonary bypass using a Bentley BOS-10 oxygenator. The unique design of the oxygenator canister provides an explanation for the event. Methods are outlined to avoid this type of venous embolism. PMID- 6970018 TI - Oxygen transport to tissue under normovolemic moderate and extreme hemodilution during coronary bypass operation. AB - Oxygen transport to tissue was studied in 12 patients undergoing coronary bypass operation under normovolemic moderate and extreme hemodilution. Normovolemic moderate hemodilution (15 ml per kilogram of body weight), carried out immediately after induction of anesthesia, decreased the mean hematocrit from 0.43 to 0.33. Simultaneously, the cardiac index and the left ventricular filling pressure increased slightly but the systemic oxygen transport was reduced by 20%. The subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension (PO2) was approximately 40 mm Hg after induction of anesthesia and underwent a transient increase during moderate hemodilution. During cardiopulmonary bypass and extreme hemodilution, the mean hematocrit declined to 0.16. Concurrently, the mean tissue PO2 fell sharply and reached a minimum of 14 mm Hg at deepest hypothermia. After decannulation and reinfusion of autologous blood, the PO2 rose to 30 mm Hg. In general, total-body oxygen consumption changed along with tissue PO2. Blood lactate concentration underwent a clear increase in the early phase of extracorporeal circulation and remained rather stationary thereafter. No perioperative myocardial infarctions were encountered, and each patient made an uneventful recovery. PMID- 6970019 TI - Monitoring heparin anticoagulation and its neutralization. AB - Heparin anticoagulation and its neutralization were monitored by three different techniques: a manual protamine titration, an automated activated coagulation time, and an automated protamine titration. All three techniques provided satisfactory information. The decision of which to use must be based on other considerations such as available manpower and cost of equipment. The effect of using the automated protamine titration test on heparin and protamine requirements, and on blood loss measured intraoperatively after bypass and in overnight chest bottle drainage in two groups of comparable patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operation was studied. The heparin requirements were similar (24,420 +/- 584 units, control group; 23,550 +/- 849 units, treatment group), but the protamine requirements were markedly different (429 +/- 14.7 mg, control; 258 +/- 10.4 mg, treatment; p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in intraoperative blood loss or overnight chest bottle drainage. PMID- 6970020 TI - Administering cold cardioplegia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), use of hypothermic cardioplegia for myocardial protection may not always achieve even cooling in the areas distal to a severely obstructed artery. Employing simultaneous myocardial temperature measurements, we documented "warm" areas in some patients having CABG. We then devised a technique of combined aortic root and intracoronary cardioplegic infusion. This has achieved prompt cooling of the warm areas and has resulted in uniform myocardial temperatures of 5 degrees to 8 degrees C. PMID- 6970021 TI - Propranolol withdrawal. Practical considerations. PMID- 6970022 TI - Pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Massive pulmonary hemorrhage confirmed by pathologic examination occurred in three of 12 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by lung disease. Two patients died. Hemorrhage was clinically unrecognized in two cases. The third patient survived after an open lung biopsy and an increase in prednisone therapy. In the absence of hemoptysis, awareness of the possibility of pulmonary hemorrhage in patients with SLE and a high index of suspicion are necessary for early recognition of this uncommon but potentially fatal complication. PMID- 6970023 TI - The tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induces the production of lymphocyte-activating factors (LAP) in human lymphocyte cultures. AB - The tumour promoting phorbol ester TPA induces the production of lymphocyte activating factors (LAF) by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The noncocarcinogenic and nonmitogenic agent phorbol lacks LAF-inducing properties. Production of LAF by TPA-stimulated lymphocytes occurs independent of the presence of macrophages in cultures and shows a correlation to the dose of TPA used for lymphocyte activation. The possible implications of these observations for the in vitro interaction of phorbol esters and cells of the haemopoietic system are discussed. PMID- 6970024 TI - Fine structure of the axon initial segment and the axon cap of the Mauthner cell in the bullfrog tadpole. AB - The axonal initial segment of the Mauthner cell of tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana and its surrounding neuropil, the axon cap, were examined by electron microscopy. The initial segment is almost completely covered by numerous synaptic terminals with profuse clear spherical synaptic vesicles. These synaptic terminals are of one uniform type and are found to be extensions of preterminal swellings, which are filled with accumulated mitochondria and glycogen granules in addition to the synaptic vesicles. Some swelling were shown to have two or more terminals. The synaptic terminals as well as the preterminal swelling are occasionally linked by small synaptic junctions. The significance of this structural organization in the inhibitory control of the Mauthner cell activation was discussed. PMID- 6970026 TI - T and B lymphocytes in patients with hay fever. AB - In 20 patients with hay fever and 19 control subjects the rosette formation test was carried out to determine T and B lymphocyte subpopulations. T and B lymphocyte subpopulations are expressed by the percentage of E, EA and EAC rosettes, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in the number of E rosettes (p < 0.001), and a slight, but statistically significant decrease in the number of EAC rosettes (p < 0.05) in hay fever patients. PMID- 6970025 TI - Inhibition or stimulation of immediate, spontaneous rosette formation at various SRBC:lymphocyte ratios. AB - The active rosette-forming cell (ARFC) percentage was investigated in a group of 100 persons, consisting of 50 healthy blood donors, 30 cancer patients (CA), and 20 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The test was repeatedly performed using five SRBC:lymphocyte ratios: 10:1, 20:1, 5-:1, 100:1, and 200:1. In 18% of healthy donors and 30-40% of cancer patients, contrary to the remaining persons no relation between ARFC percentage and the SRBC:lymphocyte ratio was found. The "optimal" SRBC:lymphocyte ratio, varied from group to group and was 20:1 for most of RA patients, 50:1 for most of CA patients and 100:1 for most of healthy people. Sometimes, at higher SRBC:lymphocyte ratios a significant lowering of the ARFC percentage was found in relation to the optimal proportion for a given person, and this was observed for 200:1 ratio in 68% of healthy people, 54% of cancer patients and 90% of patients with RA. It is suggested, that ARFC test should be always performed at least in these three SRBC:lymphocyte ratios. Inhibition or stimulation of rosette formation by supernatant fluids of lymphocytes and SRBC suggest that SRBC release substances, which can directly or indirectly inhibit or stimulate rosette formation. PMID- 6970027 TI - Peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subpopulations in lung carcinoma. AB - In 166 patients with lung carcinoma peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subpopulastions (AE-RFC, TE-RFC, EAC-RFC) were examined. In comparison with control--the mean values of the absolute counts of the blood lymphocytes did not show statistically significant changes in various stages of lung cancer. However, the count of active T lymphocytes as well as total T lymphocytes were slightly lowered in the stage I of the disease, and significantly decreased in stages II and III. The lowest decrease of T lymphocytes was found in adenocarcinoma and the greatest--in microcellular cancer. PMID- 6970028 TI - Some aspects of cell-mediated hypersensitivity in patients with melanoma. AB - Cell-mediated hypersensitivity in 64 patients with melanoma was assessed by delayed-type skin reactivity to dinitrochlorobenzine (DNCB) and tubercullin as well as by lymphocyte enumerations. The immunological status of the patients was correlated with their clinical stage. The mean absolute and percentage counts of E rosette forming cells were lower in patients than in normal controls. Patients with distant metastases showed lower levels of E rosette forming cells than the patients with localized disease. No differences were found in number of EAC rosette forming cells between melanoma patients and controls. The mean absolute and percentage counts of null cells in melanoma patients in stages II and III were significantly higher than those in controls. Melanoma patients showed reduced skin reactivity to DNCB and normal reactivity to tuberculin. Patients with positive DNCB reactivity showed significantly higher total lymphocyte counts and higher percentages of E rosette forming lymphocytes than patients unreactive to DNCB. PMID- 6970029 TI - Gastritis. PMID- 6970030 TI - Papilledema in Guillain-Barre syndrome. A case report. PMID- 6970031 TI - Computerized tomography in brain biopsy-proven herpes simplex encephalitis. Early normal results. PMID- 6970032 TI - Endothelial mosaic in Fuchs' dystrophy. A qualitative evaluation with the specular microscope. AB - The progressive morphological changes of cornea guttata in Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy have been characterized by clinical specular photomicroscopy. Five specific stages in the development of excrescences can be discerned using this in vivo technique. Several stages can be observed in the same cornea at a given time, although in most cases the majority of guttate changes seemed to have progressed to the same stage of development. All five stages of cornea guttata discerned in this study can occur in a cornea clinically free of edema. Two types of cornea guttata can be identified in vivo. One has a smooth, regular posterior surface, whereas the posterior contour of the second is irregular. PMID- 6970033 TI - Intraocular management of endophthalmitis. A systematic approach. AB - Antibiotics were administered intravitreally to 26 patients with culture-verified endophthalmitis. Vitrectomy surgery was combined with intravitreal antibiotic therapy in 14 of the cases. Pretreatment selection into a vitrectomy or nonvitrectomy group was determined by the duration of the disease, type of predisposing injury, and echographic findings. This diagnostic-treatment grouping allowed management to be initiated on the basis of the existing and potential virulence of the infecting process. The less virulent and often successfully managed Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 67% of cases in the nonvitrectomy group and only 14% in the vitrectomized series. During a mean follow-up period of 32 months (range, one to five years), retinal changes were monitored by visual acuity determination, electroretinography, and fluorescein angiography. An overall visual improvement (greater than or equal to 20/400) was found in 73% of the eyes treated. The causes for failure in the remaining cases may be related to retinal damage from the initiating trauma, organism response, and intraocular antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6970034 TI - Peripheral-vastibular spontaneous nystagmus. Analysis of reproducibility and methoidolgies. AB - With peripheral spontaneous nystagmus the intensity and its reproducibility was electronystagmorgraphically analyzed with eyes open under Frenzel's glasses and with eyes closed. RESULTS: 1. The maximum intensity of a spontaneous nystagmus with eyes closed is several times higher than under Frenzel's glasses. 2. A weak nystagmus can, under Frenzel's glasses, only be recognized under favorable conditions. A rather long and careful search in a totally dark room is necessary. 3. With purely peripheral lesions, the spontaneous nystagmus with closed eyes shows large intensity fluctuations, and it may disappear temporarily despite mental arithmetics. Contrary to this, with eyes open under Frenzel's glasses, the intensity fluctuation of the nystagmus is remarkably lower. Therefore, even experimental examinations with patients should be carried out electronystagmorgraphically under Frenzel's glasses. The absolute reaction is lower, but the content of information is higher because of the significantly better reproducibility. PMID- 6970035 TI - An assay of deoxyadenosine and adenosine in human plasma by HPLC. PMID- 6970036 TI - Aortic atheromatosis presenting as a cutaneous vasculitis with antinuclear antibody. PMID- 6970037 TI - Pharmacological properties of a new anti-inflammatory agent: 2-(2-isopropyl-5 indanyl)propionic acid (UP 517-03). AB - 2-(2-Isopropyl-5-indanyl)propionic acid (UP 517-03) is a new anti-inflammatory agent with marked analgesic and antipyretic properties. The anti-inflammatory potency is greater than that of phenylbutazone but lower than that of indometacin. This effect is observed also in adrenalectomized rats. The analgesic activity in the Randall and Selitto test is equipotent to that of indometacin, but this potency is lower in the other tests. In lowering brewer's yeast-induced fever in rats, UP 517-03 is as potent as indometacin and 10 times more effective than phenylbutazone. Considering from pharmacological index, UP 517-03 is tolerated as well as phenylbutazone and better than indometacin. PMID- 6970038 TI - Suppression of T-cell mediated lymphokine production but not cytotoxic activity by macrophages. AB - We directly compared the effects of macrophages from infiltrating MSV-induced regressing tumors (T-M0) or from the peritoneal cavity of mice previously injected with light mineral oil (LMO-M0) on two functions of alloimmune spleen cells (ISC), the cytotoxic activity and production of a lymphokine, macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF). Addition of T-M0 or LMO-M0 to ISC did not inhibit their cytotoxicity. In contrast, T-M0, but not LMO-M0, mixed with ISC inhibited their ability to produce MIF. We propose that the differential sensitivity of the two immune functions to the macrophage-dependent suppressor activity is due to the ability to M0 to inhibit lymphocyte protein synthesis, with MIF production, but not T cell killing, requiring active protein synthesis. PMID- 6970039 TI - Increased proportion of Fc gamma and Fc mu positive T-lymphocytes following treatment with neuraminidase. AB - Membrane receptors for IgG (Fc gamma) and IgM (Fc mu) were assessed on isolated peripheral blood T-lymphocytes by rosette formation with ox-RBC coated with rabbit IgG or IgM antibodies. The mean percentage of Fc gamma and Fc mu rosettes on freshly separated T-cells was 19% (+/- 6% SD) and 4% (+/- 1% SD), respectively. These values increased significantly to 40% (+/- 9%) for Fc gamma and 34% (+/- 8%) for Fc mu after preincubation of the lymphocytes with Neuraminidase. The proportion of Fc mu, but not of Fc gamma, rosettes increased to 44% (+/- 8 SD) after overnight incubation at 37 degrees C, and less markedly after incubation for 45m at 37 degrees C (29% +/- 7). Fc gamma and Fc mu rosette formation, with or without neuraminidase, was specifically inhibited by human IgG or IgM. These findings suggest (1) that hidden receptors can be demonstrated on T lymphocytes after Neuraminidase treatment which, in the case of Fc gamma, cannot be revealed by other means, and (2) that the proportion of T gamma lymphocytes in the peripheral blood is higher than generally believed. PMID- 6970040 TI - T-colonies in agar culture: clonal proliferation of T-progenitors or PHA transformation of mature T-lymphocytes? PMID- 6970041 TI - [Separation and characterization of human T G and T M lymphocyte populations]. AB - During the last few years a number of experimental evidences have shown the presence of Fc receptors for IgG or IgM on the membrane of human T cells. These two different receptors are detectable and mutually exclusive on distinct cell populations named respectively TG, TM and T "null" (which lack detectable receptors). Studies on the functional activities of these cells have shown that TM and TG lymphocytes play an antitetical role in regulating B cell response, TM exerting an "helper" activity on the differentiation of B lymphocytes while TG having a "suppressor" one. The aim of this study has been to determine the values of these two subpopulations in a group of twenty control subjects. Our results have shown that TG constitute 10%, whereas TM represent 40% of the total T cells. After EA-G rosetting, the purification of this subpopulation on a density gradient has shown an enrichment of more than 90% in TG cells, while TM contaminate this fraction for less than 4%. The purity of the fraction containing TM has been evaluated using the localization of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity, which has shown that more than 88% of the cells in this fraction are positive for this enzyme. PMID- 6970042 TI - [Action of levamisole on lymphocytic reactivity in naso-laryngeal carcinoma]. AB - It was confirmed that the mitogenic reactivity and rosette-forming cells capacity of T and B lymphocytes were depressed in nose-pharyngeal tumor bearing patients. Using levamisole treatment, the response of T cells was increased till almost the normal value. B cells response was normal or slightly increased after levamisole treatment. Our experiments suggests that the levamisole is capable to induce an increased response of the immune system when compared to untreated tumor bearing patients. PMID- 6970043 TI - [Activation of afferent pathways and of control frog olfactory bulb and extracellular field potentials]. AB - It has been recorded the extracellular field potentials of the frog's olfactory bulb produced by electrical stimulation of the commissura anterior and small branches of the olfactory nerve. The activation of the commissural system obtain a positive, long-lasting field potential generated at the soma of the granular cells. The olfactory nerve stimulation produce also a positive surface wave bath at the end of bulbar reply: this effect can be attributed to the activation of the bulbar component of commissural system at the NOA. The recognizable electrical effects of the commissural system allow to make clear the sources of the extracellular field potentials in the bulbar neuronal circuits. PMID- 6970044 TI - Unsuspected coronary artery disease as cause of chronic atrioventricular block in middle age. AB - Attention has recently been drawn to the relatively poor prognosis of middle aged patients paced for chronic atrioventricular block when age-linked expectation of life is taken into account, and it has been suggested that this may be the result of underlying coronary artery disease, despite the absence of symptoms to suggest this. It was the purpose of this study to determine the incidence of unsuspected coronary artery disease in middle aged patients presenting with chronic atrioventricular block. Studies were made on a consecutive series of 30 patients aged 45 to 65 (mean age 56 years) with chronic atrioventricular disease who had been referred for pacing. Patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction or angina or with sinuatrial disease without atrioventricular disease were excluded. Coronary arteriography disclosed the presence of severe coronary artery disease in 13 patients. Of the remaining 17 patients, four had congestive cardiomyopathy, two had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, one had aortic stenosis, and in 10 patients the aetiology of the heart block was unknown. Myocardial revascularisation was undertaken in six patients with paroxysmal atrioventricular block caused by coronary artery disease. Operation did not result in any sustained improvement in atrioventricular conduction. PMID- 6970045 TI - Fenclofenac and ibuprofen in the treatment of non-articular rheumatism: a comparative study in general practice. PMID- 6970046 TI - Haemorrhage from colonic varices associated with portal hypertension. PMID- 6970047 TI - T-cell lymphoma in children and young adults: clinical, immunological and pathological features. AB - The clinical, pathological and immunological features in 5 cases of T-cell lymphoma without overt marrow involvement are described. Classification of this distinct sub-group of lymphoma on morphological and clinical criteria alone has been shown to be unreliable, and precise recognitionr equires additional information from cytochemical and immunological marker studies of peripheral blood and lymph nodes. Valuable information may also be obtained from analysis of pleural fluid. The accurate identification of this sub-group assumes new clinical relevance in the light of the considerable improvement in prognosis reported with treatment schedules that are effective in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 6970048 TI - Human monoclonal antibodies to glioma cells. PMID- 6970049 TI - Localization of photosynthetic membrane components in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides by a radioactive labeling procedure. AB - Reduction with [3H]KBH4 of Schiff's bases generated by reaction with pyridoxal 5' phosphate (which cannot penetrate the intact cytoplasmic membrane) yields tritium labeled derivatives of both proteins and lipids accessible on the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane. Application of this technique to phototrophically grown Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides labeled both the cell envelope and chromatophore fractions. The technique was also applied to R. sphaeroides harvested at various times during an adaptation from heterotrophic to phototrophic growth conditions. The specific activity of the chromatophore fraction after 20 h of adaptation was 76% of that found at the beginning, indicating that the intracytoplasmic membranes and cytoplasmic membrane form a continuous membrane system, with the majority of the intracytoplasmic membranes accessible to the external medium throughout the adaptation. The identity of the proteins labeled by this technique was investigated in two fractions labeled after cell disruption: normal "inside-out" chromatophores and "right-side-out" membrane vesicles isolated by lysozyme--osmotic shock treatment of cells grown in high light intensity (15000 lx). The results after sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography indicated that the 28000 dalton subunit (and to a lesser extent the 21000-dalton subunit) of the reaction center complex and two polypeptides in the light-harvesting region of the gel were heavily labeled in the chromatophores and were thus accessible on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. At least one of the latter two polypeptides was also labeled in the membrane vesicles and was thus also accessible on the periplasmic side of the membrane. None of the reaction center subunits was significantly labeled in a reaction center complex prepared from the membrane vesicle sample. PMID- 6970050 TI - The biochemical and clinical consequences of 2'-deoxycoformycin in refractory lymphoproliferative malignancy. AB - A deficiency of adenosine deaminase, an enzyme important in purine nucleoside catabolism, is associated with a severe combined immunodeficiency disease in children. Inhibition of this enzyme in vitro and in vivo results in an impairment in lymphoblast proliferation. We have investigated the pharmacologic inhibition of this enzyme by 2'-deoxycoformycin in 15 patients with hematologic malignancies. Biochemical consequences of the administration of this agent were closely monitored in erythrocytes, nucleated peripheral blood and bone marrow cells, serum, and urine. A marked rise in erythrocyte dATP was accompanied by a depletion of ATP in those patients exhibiting toxicity. Most patients excreted large amounts of deoxyadenosine but not adenosine in the urine. Serum deoxyadenosine rose in patients demonstrating a marked decrease in cell mass. The biochemical disturbances and clinical toxicity, including hepatic, renal, and conjunctival abnormalities, were usually reversible. Central nervous system toxicity, which potentially was the most serious consequence, was associated with high erythrocyte dATP/ATP ratios and high levels of cerebrospinal fluid deoxyadenosine. In patients with lymphoma and leukemia, objective responses were observed but were short-lived. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia receiving weekly low doses of the drug demonstrated minimal toxicity and some efficacy. The chemotherapeutic potential o 2'-deoxycoformycin, as either a single agent or in combination with Ara-A, merits further exploration. PMID- 6970052 TI - Myeloid differentiation of human blood mononuclear cells in liquid culture. AB - Human blood mononuclear cells were prepared from peripheral blood or single donor plateletpheresis residues by depletion of adherent cells and T lymphocytes. In double-layer soft agar culture, 5 x 10(5) such cells yielded from 33 to 165 colonies. For liquid culture, these cells were suspended in McCoy's 5A medium with 15% fetal bovine serum and 0%, 20%, or 40% conditioned medium (CM) and incubated for up to 14 days at 37 degrees C in a humidified 5% CO2-95% air atmosphere. The number of cells in cultures with CM decreased about 0%-10%, while cell counts from cultures without CM decreased about 45%-65%. In cultures with CM, 5%-20% of the cells were classified as blasts after 3-5 days. After 7-11 days, blasts and promyelocytes comprised up to 53% of all cells. After 9-11 days, cells with specific granules and maturing nuclei comprised up to 56% of all cells. At 11 days, up to 66% of the cells contained peroxidase-positive granules. Cultures without CM contained no more than 5% blasts and promyelocytes and less than 5% maturing granulocytic cells. 3H-thymidine and Na235SO4 incorporation reached a peak at 3-5 days and at 5-11 days, respectively, in cells from cultures containing CM. PMID- 6970051 TI - Patterns of cell proliferation and cell migration in the Sezary syndrome. AB - The patterns of cell proliferation and cell migration were studied in three patients with the Sezary syndrome using autoradiographic techniques. Cell labeling patterns following pulse labeling with tritiated thymidine in vivo indicated that Sezary cells proliferate actively in skin and in lymph nodes but that few if any Sezary cells proliferate in the peripheral blood. In two of the patients serial samples were obtained. Label dilution patterns in skin and blood over time suggested that circulating Sezary cells originated in extracutaneous sites where cells were proliferating more rapidly than in the skin. Cells labeled in extracutaneous sites of proliferation appear rapidly in the blood, and their transit time through the peripheral blood compartment is short. Circulating Sezary cells may then be deposited in the skin where they resume proliferation at a low rate. Thus, while Sezary cells proliferate in both cutaneous and extracutaneous sites, proliferation appears to be more rapid in extracutaneous sites such as lymph nodes. This suggests that trials of systemic therapeutic approaches should be undertaken. PMID- 6970053 TI - Surface antigens on malignant Sezary and T-CLL cells correspond to those of mature T cells. AB - Tumor cells from eight adult patients with T-cell chronic malignancies were investigated with a series of monoclonal antibodies recognizing T-cell differentiation antigens. This series allowed definition of discrete subpopulations of mature T cells with functional specialization. All six patients with Sezary syndrome and one patient with T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia had cells with the same phenotype as normal helper/inducer T cells, whereas the other patient with T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia had cell with the same phenotype as normal cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. Some clinical manifestations observed in these patients may reflect retention of functional activities by their malignant cells. PMID- 6970054 TI - In vitro studies of lactoferrin and murine granulopoiesis. AB - Human lactoferrin (LF) has been reported to inhibit in vitro granulopoiesis by means of decreasing colony-stimulating activity production by monocytes. We performed a series of experiments to determine if the reported experimental results could be replicated using highly purified murine LF and murine target cells. Three different types of experiments were performed. (1) Medium was conditioned by lung, femoral shaft, and adherent peritoneal cells in the presence and absence of LF, and the granulopoietic stimulating activity in the conditioned media was assayed by means of a 7-day agar colony assay and a 3-day liquid slide chamber assay, which quantitates 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA. (2) In cultures stimulated by an underlayer of adherent peritoneal cells, marrow cell colony formation in agar was determined after 7 days of culture in the presence or absence of LF. (3) LF was added to 3-day liquid marrow cell cultures that had been stimulated by lung or femoral shaft conditioned media. In all experimental situations, highly purified, iron-saturated LF in concentrations up to 10(-7) M had no effect on in vitro granulopoiesis. These results do not support LF's reputed regulatory role in granulopoiesis. PMID- 6970055 TI - A radioreceptor assay for quantitating plasma factor VIII/von Willebrand's protein. AB - A sensitive and precise radioreceptor assay for determining plasma levels of human factor VIII/von Willebrand's factor (FVIII/vWF) has been developed by taking advantage of the FVIII/vWF receptor sites on human platelets. Paraformaldehyde-fixed platelets, which were processed and then stored, retained FVIII/vWF binding activity and therefore could be used as a convenient source of receptors. The human plasma samples to be tested were initially filtered on 4% agarose columns to concentrate the FVIII/vWF protein in the void volume and to remove the factor(s) that interferes with the assay. The percent recovery of FVIII/vWF in the pooled eluent was measured by the recovery of added trace 125I FVIII/vWF. The coefficients of intra- and interassay variation were 6% and 10%, respectively. The plasma FVIII/vWF concentrations determined by the assay for pooled normal plasma, hemophilia A plasma, and plasmas from two patients with von Willebrand's disease were 16.3 +/- 0.5, 52.6 +/- 1.5, 6.8 +/- 0.8, and 3.2 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml, respectively. The range of plasma FVIII/vWF concentrations varied between 8.3 microgram/ml and 24.9 microgram/ml for 10 normal adults. The plasma FVIII/vWF concentrations determined by the radioreceptor assay correlated well with levels measured by the ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation method, thus demonstrating the functional relevancy of the radioreceptor assay for plasma FVIII/vWF. PMID- 6970056 TI - Abnormal phytohemagglutinin-induced T-cell proliferative responses in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Optimal conditions were established for evaluating the phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferative responses of purified peripheral blood T lymphocytes. This assay was utilized to determine whether T cells (in the absence of monocytes and serum inhibitory factors) from patients with Hodgkin's disease were defective in their ability to proliferative in response to optimal (50 microgram/ml) and suboptimal (25 and 12.5 microgram/ml) concentrations of phytohemagglutinin. T cells from 6 of 12 untreated patients exhibited 6-day proliferative responses below the range of 15 control subjects using optimal mitogen concentrations, and 9 of 12 patients exhibited subnormal responses using lower concentrations. Kinetic analyses indicated that the abnormal T-cell proliferative responses were characterized by peak proliferation occurring at day 4 or 5, rather than day 6. The observed abnormalities were not related to elevations in the proportions of T cells bearing surface receptors for IgG (T gamma Cells). Our results suggest that intrinsic functional T-cell defects contribute to the impaired immunity associated with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6970057 TI - Peroperative colonoscopy in massive rectal bleeding. AB - Massive rectal bleeding can pose a difficult problem in management. We describe a new technique employing peroperative colonic irrigation and direct colonoscopy to identify the source of the bleeding, so avoiding blind colonic resection. PMID- 6970058 TI - Reduction of postoperative chest infection by prophylactic cotrimoxazole. PMID- 6970059 TI - Emergency surgery for acute colonic haemorrhage--a retrospective study. AB - This paper reports a retrospective study of 28 patients undergoing emergency laparotomy and colonic resection for acute colonic haemorrhage out of a total of 292 patients admitted with the condition. The paper concludes that in those cases where the bleeding site cannot be accurately localized angiographically prior to laparotomy, the preferred surgical procedure should be total abdominal colectomy with ileoproctostomy as more limited colonic resection leads to an unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6970060 TI - Scintigraphic localization of jejunal bleeding after failure of conventional methods. PMID- 6970061 TI - Section of lumbar spinal roots fails to induce synapse formation in contralateral, innervated sartorius muscles of the frog. PMID- 6970062 TI - Increased cationic fluxes in stimulated lymphocytes of the mouse: response of enriched B- and T-cell subpopulations to B- and T-cell mitogens. PMID- 6970063 TI - Characterization of the oligosaccharides of liver Z variant alpha 1-antitrypsin. PMID- 6970064 TI - Ristocetin-Willebrand factor activity in dog plasma. AB - A sensitive and reproducible method for the quantitation of ristocetin-Willebrand factor activity in canine plasma is described. This assay measures the initial velocity of aggregation of suspensions of canine washed platelets in the presence of ristocetin and ristocetin-Willebrand factor. The washed platelets are stable for 4 h and when prepared from the same donor vary little in their day-to-day response to ristocetin. The calculated mean plasma ristocetin-Willebrand factor activity in 37 normal dogs using this method is 98 +/- 26% (mean +/- SD) Ristocetin-Willebrand activity is 106 +/- 25% in dogs with severe hemophilia A and 45 +/- 13% in dogs with moderate forms of von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6970065 TI - Effects of amphotericin B on the electrical properties and electrolyte content of frog sartorius muscle. AB - We studied the effect of amphotericin B (52 microM) on the membrane potential, membrane resistance, and intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations in isolated frog sartorius muscles to characterize further the nature of the ionic conductance induced by the antibiotic. After 5 h of exposure to amphotericin B, the membrane depolarized from -89.9 to -51.0 mV, the membrane resistance decreased from 4537 to 907 omega cm2, [K]i decreased from 122 to 31.2 mmol/L fiber H2O, and [Na]i increased from 30.9 to 88.7 mmol/L fiber H2O. The relative sodium permeability, PNa/PK, calculated with the Goldman equation remained apparently constant at a value of 0.01 in treated and untreated muscles. We hypothesize that amphotericin B creates either a nonselective cation channel or a completely nonselective ionic leak channel whose equilibrium potential is equal or close to the membrane potential. PMID- 6970066 TI - Lytic enzymes in the autolysis of Schizophyllum commune with special reference to 1,3-alpha-glucanase. AB - In the autolytic phase of growth Schizophyllum commune lost 62% of its dry weight in 70 days of incubation. The variations in the activity of some lytic enzymes were studied in the culture fluid and mycelial extracts during growth and autolysis of this fungus. The enzymes 1,3-beta-glucanase (exoglucanase), 1,3(4) beta-glucanase (endoglucanase), alpha-amylase, and invertase behaved in the same way in culture fluid and mycelial extract, but their activities were much higher in the culture fluid. The enzyme activities increased during autolysis, but then decreased at the end of this period except in the case of alpha-amylase which remained high. It was only possible to detect 1,6-beta-glucanase, cellulase, and polygalacturonase activities at certain times during the autolytic phase of growth. The enzyme chitinase was not detected and 1,3-alpha-glucanase (S glucanase) occurred in the mycelial extract at a higher concentration than in the culture fluid. A decrease in the activity of this enzyme in the mycelial extract and an increase in the culture fluid occurred during autolysis. The enzyme 1,3 alpha-glucanase exhibited two optima pH, one at 6.0 and the other at 8.0. The Km value for the latter was 0.02 M at pH 5.5 in borate-citrate-phosphate buffer. PMID- 6970067 TI - Gastrointestinal complications in patients with acute and chronic leukemia. AB - Between July 1, 1972 and June 30, 1977, 541 leukemic patients were admitted to the University Hospital in Edmonton. Eight of 11 patients who underwent emergency operation for complications of leukemia or antileukemic therapy died within 30 days of operation. Six cases are reviewed to illustrate the four basic types of gastrointestinal lesions and complications of leukemia: hemorrhagic and agranulocytic necrosis, leukemic infiltrates and fungal lesions. A fifth type which is a mixture of the four basic types was also noted. As a result of their experience and a review of the literature the authors believe that an aggressive approach, consisting of close monitoring and early laparotomy combined with vigorous supportive therapy, should be used when dealing with suspected gastrointestinal complications in leukemic patients. PMID- 6970068 TI - Bleeding varices: management and selection--selection and management. PMID- 6970069 TI - The consequences of the chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease: The 10th David A. Karnofsky Memorial Lecture. AB - The most important consequence of using chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease is its cure. Results of the MOPP program, developed at the National Cancer Institute in 1964, indicate that the majority of the 80% of patients who attain complete remission, who are at risk for ten years, have remained disease-free. The presence of symptoms and the histologic subtype, nodular sclerosis, has had important negative influences on prognosis. Review of three long-term adverse consequences of chemotherapy revealed sterility to be the most significant effect of drug treatment in this young population. Adverse effects of the immunosuppressive drugs in MOPP proved to be minimal. The carcinogenic effect of MOPP when used alone was surprisingly small, but increased significantly when combined with irradiation. National mortality from Hodgkin's disease has decreased abruptly since the introduction of effective chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease in 1970. PMID- 6970070 TI - Prognostic significance of cytomorphology in the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. AB - In this retrospective study, the degree of differentiation of atypical lymphoid cells was assessed in pretreatment cutaneous biopsy specimens from 248 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome) and the findings were correlated with the subsequent therapeutic results. Overall, patients with a predominance of cells with hyperchromatic nuclei (well differentiated lymphoid cells) in cutaneous infiltrates responded better to treatment with improved survival rates than patients with infiltrates composed predominantly of cells with pale vascular nuclei (poorly differentiated lymphoid cells). Infiltrates with a predominance of poorly differentiated lymphoid cells were observed primarily in patients with advanced (tumor) stages of disease. However, comparison of the therapeutic results achieved for the two cytomorphologic patterns in patients at comparable stages of advanced disease did not reveal significant differences, indicating that the presence of poorly differentiated cells in large proportions does not have additional prognostic implications beyond those obtained from usual staging procedures. We speculate that the atypical cells with large, pale vesicular nuclei found in lesions of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma are not a more malignant cell population but rather evolve from more hyperchromatic cellular forms, perhaps a byproduct of malignant dedifferentiation. PMID- 6970071 TI - Marrow cell kinetics in patients treated with methotrexate and citrovorum factor. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) was administered by continual intravenous infusion for 24 hours in doses ranging from 200-800 mg/m2 to 16 patients who had metastatic cancers and normal bone marrows and 11 patients with acute leukemia. Citrovorum factor (CF) was administered every 6 hours for 12-15 doses beginning 36 hours after the start of the MTX infusion. Plasma and urine were collected to measure MTX concentration. Daily bone marrow aspirates were obtained for measuring intracellular MTX concentration, labelling index (LI), mitotic index (MI), grain count distribution, cellular DNA distribution by flow cytometry (FCM), and marrow morphology. The plasma MTX concentration proved to be a function of dose and creatinine clearance. There was a positive correlation between the creatinine clearance and MTX clearance. The intracellular MTX concentration correlated highly with the plasma concentration. The LI, grain count, and proportion of cells in S phase increased on days 2 and 3. The magnitude of the changes on days 2 and 3 was dose related. The MI fell on day 2 and recovered by day 4. Transient megaloblastic changes occurred. The cell cycle perturbations in leukemic marrow were less pronounced than those in normal marrows. These observations are consistent with a transient, dose related, S phase delay. PMID- 6970072 TI - The relationship between disease activity, treatment response, and immunologic reactivity in immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: a longitudinal study of treatment with levamisole and cytostatics. AB - In a longitudinal study, several immunologic in vitro tests were performed on peripheral lymphocytes in four patients with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy during sequential therapy with Levamisole and polychemotherapy. The percentage of T cells tended to fall with increasing disease activity, while the percentage of B cells remained almost constant. Blast transformation tests showed that both the T cell and B-cell responses are defective and that improvement in disease status is correlated closely with an improvement of the blast transformation response. Levamisole treatment improved the blast transformation response but did not produce clinical remission in contrast to polychemotherapy, which produced clinical remission as well as improvement of the blast transformation response. No conclusions about the pathogenesis of this disease could be made in the present study. No proof was found of a primary defective T-cell function (including T-suppressor activity) although the available methods did not preclude this possibility completely. PMID- 6970073 TI - Cryptococcosis with multiple squamous cell tumors associated with a T-cell defect. AB - A 54-year-old male with multiple squamous cell tumors was shown to have capsule deficient cryptococcosis confined to bone. Further investigations revealed a severe defect of cell-mediated immunity and the presence of serum antinuclear factor. An underlying T-cell defect might explain the unusual cryptococcal infection and the extremely aggressive behavior of the skin tumors. PMID- 6970074 TI - Reversal of methotrexate inhibition of colony growth of L1210 leukemia cells in semisolid medium. AB - L1210 mouse leukemia cells were grown in a methylcellulose-based medium, and the inhibitory effect of methotrexate (MTX) on colony formation and its reversal were examined. The effect on colony formation was studied in order to compare the results with those obtained with normal mouse bone marrow cells grown in a similar manner in previous studies and in additional experiments presented. Light microscopy could not be used for colony counting of L1210 cells because MTX did not inhibit colony formation and only affected further colony growth. Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate the toxic effect of MTX by analysis of colony size distribution using an electronic image analyzer. Results show that the reversal of MTX toxicity to L1210 cells with leucovorin is competitive and is similar to that with normal mouse bone marrow cells. Thymidine in combination with a purine prevents MTX toxicity as well. The optimal concentration of thymidine is 10(-5) M, whereas at least 10(-4) M purine is required. Reversal of MTX toxicity by thymidine and purines is independent of the MTX concentration and is possible at drug concentrations as high as 10(-4) M. Compared to mouse bone marrow cells, L1210 cells appear to require more purines to prevent the toxic effects of MTX. MTX toxicity towards bone marrow myeloid precursor cells can be reversed by 10( 4) M inosine alone. These cells are better protected against MTX toxicity when 10(-6) to 10(-5) M thymidine is added. The results suggest that the use of a high purine-low-thymidine combination has advantages over the use of leucovorin in controlling toxicity over a wide range of MTX concentrations and in providing some degree of selective protection to normal proliferating cells. PMID- 6970076 TI - The response of the oxygen pulse during a stress test in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - The pattern of change of the O2 uptake . beat-1 versus the difference between the measured and predicted MET level varied considerably during a progressive exercise stress test among patients with coronary artery disease and normals. For normal subjects under work load changes from 2 to 10 MET (1 MET = resting VO2), the O2 . beat-1 approximately doubled; whereas for some patients, the value fell near the end of the stress rest to a level near that at the beginning. This parameter is one measure of the efficiency of the cardiovascular system to respond to exercise and appeared to correlate with the physiological condition of the patient. PMID- 6970075 TI - Phase II study of high-dose methotrexate in the treatment of patients with non small cell carcinoma of the lung: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. AB - Twenty-eight patients with inoperable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue. One patient (4%) responded with a partial regression of the tumor. Three patients had severe or life-threatening complications: acute renal failure, acute shortness of breath, and bone marrow suppression, respectively. There is 98% confidence that the true response rate for this therapy is less than 20%. The results of this study demonstrate that high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue, in the schedule utilized, is not effective in the treatment of patients with non small cell carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 6970077 TI - Transcatheter embolization versus vasopressin infusion for the control of arteriocapillary gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - The transcatheter method appropriate for use in the control of arteriocapillary gastrointestinal bleeding is a point of controversy. Intraarterial vasopressin infusion, which has been performed in more than 500 patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital, has achieved control in 90% of patients actively bleeding from the stomach and colon. In view of the severity of hemorrhage and associated illnesses in these patients, the complication rate associated with this method was low. Intraarterial vasopressin infusions were ineffective in pyloroduodenal and postoperative bleeding sites and hemorrhage from abscesses. While embolization can control bleeding in these areas, complications have been shown despite precise selective catheter placement. Because of catheterization difficulties and the permanency of the vascular occlusion, embolization is reserved for patients in whom surgical intervention would be associated with extreme risks. PMID- 6970078 TI - Embolization versus vasopressin infusion in gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6970079 TI - Transhepatic embolization of varices. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic embolization of varices (PTEV) has proved to be effective in the control variceal bleeding, particularly in Child's Class C Category patients whose bleeding was not adequately controlled by pitressin perfusions. PTEV, using Gel-Foam soaked in sodium tetradecyl sulfate, controlled acute variceal bleeding in 71--95% of patients and appears to be more effective as an embolizing agent than bucrylate, which controlled 43--57%. Considering the poor condition of the patients particularly during acute bleeding episodes, PTEV is a relatively safe therapeutic procedure that buys time for the surgeons to perform a decompressive shunt electively as definitive surgery. A one-year recurrent bleeding rate of 30% and a two year recurrence of 37.5% was noted. Thus, for long term control of variceal bleeding, a surgical decompressive shunt is recommended in addition to PTEV. PMID- 6970080 TI - Transhepatic embolization of varices: a surgeon's view. PMID- 6970081 TI - Control of bleeding esophageal varices by endoscopic sclerotherapy. PMID- 6970082 TI - Quantification of myocardial infarction by computer-assisted positron emission tomography. AB - The accuracy of three-dimensional transverse section positron emission imaging for quantification of myocardial infarction size was validated and compared with the accuracy of two dimensional planar positron imaging. After induction of acute anterior myocardial infarction in anaesthetised dogs, gallium-68 albumin microspheres were injected into the left atrium. Planar and transverse section images of the thorax were obtained with a multicrystal positron camera. After staining with tetrazolium tetrachloride injected intravenously, the hearts were excised, sectioned manually, and planar imaging repeated. Each myocardial infarction was clearly delineated by transverse section imaging with high contrast ratios (mean 0.68 +/- 0.02 SEM); planar imaging identified seven of nine infarcts but with lower contrast ratios (0.24 +/- 0.04; P < 0.001). The volume of infarcted myocardium determined from transverse section images correlated well with true infarct volume (r = 0.94); whereas planar images poorly predicted infarct size (r = 0.63). Thus, computer-assisted transverse section positron imaging provides in vivo localisation of microsphere distribution for improved radioisotopic quantification of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6970083 TI - [Central and peripheral haemodynamics in carotid sinus nerve stimulation in angina pectoris patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970084 TI - Comparison of several parameters related to the secretory activity of the subcommissural organ in European green frogs. AB - In European green frogs the secretory activity of the subcommissural organ (SCO) was investigated and quantified measuring three parameters considered to be closely related to the cellular processes of synthesis and release of secretory material by the cells of the SCO: (1) the amount of stained secretory material in the SCO; (2) the amount of secretory material in the SCO labelled by a radioactive precursor; and (3) the growth rate of the "liquor (cerebrospinalis) fibre" (LF). A significant negative linear correlation appears to exist between the growth rate of the LF, on the one hand, and the amount of stained secretory material as well as the amount of radioactively labelled secretory material, on the other hand. A significant positive linear correlation exists between the amounts of stained material and radioactively labelled secretory material. The occurrence in the SCO of European green frogs of a larger amount of stained and/or of radioactively labelled secretory material is probably an expression of a lower (LF-producing) secretory activity. In the light of these observations the suitability of the three parameters as a measure of the secretory activity of the SCO is discussed. PMID- 6970085 TI - Migration of B lymphocytes in lymphoid organs of lethally irradiated, thymocyte reconstituted mice. AB - The migration of radiolabeled intravenously injected B lymphocytes through thymus dependent areas was studied in lymphoid organs of mice with experimentally defined T cell domains (B cell-deprived mice or "T" mice). In the spleen, B cells were found to enter the peri-arteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) by two routes: (i) via the marginal zone, and (ii) via reticulum sheaths surrounding terminal arterioles. B cells migrated through the peripheral and central PALS and initiated the formation of primary follicles in the peripheral PALS 6 h after injection. Distinct primary follicles were noted at 18 h after injection of the labelled B cells. After 24 h small numbers of labelled cells were also noted in the efferent lymphatic vessels of the spleen. The reconstitution of B cell compartments in the mesenteric lymph node was delayed compared to the spleen. B cells entered the nodal stroma across the wall of high endothelial venules in the paracortex and by 6 h were found scattered throughout the paracortex. Isolated clusters of a few labeled cells were noted in the outer cortex at 18 h after cell transfer. Defined primary nodules were seen only 24 h after reconstitution. A minority of labeled cells was found at 24 h in the cortico-medullary junctions and in medullary cords. The present study shows that B lymphocytes traverse T cell domains on their way to their own specific B cell compartments. The immunological significance of this particular migration route is discussed in view of data on the cellular cooperation of B cells, T cells and macrophages during the humoral immune response. PMID- 6970086 TI - Ultrastructural studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes in T cell-depleted rabbits. A scanning and transmission electron microscopic analysis. AB - Density separation of purified peripheral blood leucocytes from T-cell depleted rabbits on a linear Ficoll-metrizoate gradient has been applied to obtain different leucocyte fractions. Two lymphocyte fractions separated on density seem to have different characteristics, both morphologically and immunologically. In this study these two fractions have been characterized ultrastructurally by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a relationship has been established between the surface architecture (SEM), the cell size (SEM/TEM) and surface-Ig/C3-receptors (LM, light microscopy). Finally three types of lymphocytes have been described in the two lymphocyte fractions separated on density. Morphometric information such as cell size, cell shape, eu-/heterochromatin ratio in the nucleus and the nucleus-/cell ratio have been correlated to the stage of activation of the B lymphocyte in a representative density separation. PMID- 6970088 TI - [Gastric bleeding and accessory pancreas in children (author's transl)]. AB - Discussing one case of accessory pancreas associated with gastric bleeding ulceration in a child of 3 years old the authors stress the following points: - Interest of fibroscopic exploration in bleeding period to discover the real reason of bleeding: the pancreatic tumor in the gastric wall, and the ulceration. --The possible relationship between AP and gastric bleeding, as soon as the tumor resection avoids any bleeding recurrence. PMID- 6970090 TI - [Chandler's syndrome; apropos of a case]. PMID- 6970087 TI - Morphology and distribution of the synapses to the spinal motoneuron of the frog. AB - The quantitative distribution of the different structural elements on the surface of the motoneurons (MN) in the spinal cord of the frog was studied in thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. In particular, the different synaptic types and their distribution on the MN soma and dendrites are described. In thin sections three types of synapses were discerned: the S-type with spherical vesicles, the F-type with flattened vesicles, and finally the C-type synapse with spherical vesicles and a subsynaptic cistern. The synaptic covering at the MN surface as determined by thin sections is about 36%. In freeze-fracture replicas were observed boutons with and without gap junctions, and C-type boutons. When using the latter technique the synaptic covering was found to be 43%. With both techniques special attention was paied to the morphology of the C-type bouton and both the subsynaptic and extrasynaptic cisterns. The soma membrane over the sub- and extrasynaptic cisterns reveals characteristic and very similar morphological features with respect to both the distribution and size of the membrane particles. the possible functions of the two cisternal types are discussed. PMID- 6970089 TI - [A case of acute ocular hypertension disclosing homocystinuria in an adult woman]. PMID- 6970092 TI - Evidence that the velocity of sarcomere shortening in single frog atrial cardiac cells is load dependent. AB - Recent experiments using laser diffraction techniques to determine the time course and extent of sarcomere shortening in thin bundles of cardial tissue have given results which suggest that the velocity of sarcomere shortening in cardiac muscle is independent of the developed force (Nassar et al., 1974; Krueger and Pollack, 1975). However, the anatomical complexity of the intact tissue precludes a definite interpretation of the data, since the exact relationship between the force being borne by the total tissue to the force being borne by any observed group of sarcomeres is uncertain. The single frog atrial cell provides a simple cardiac preparation in which the relationship between sarcomere velocity and sarcomere force is well defined, since these cells are only 1-2 myofibrils wide. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if sarcomere velocity in the single frog atrial cell is dependent on force by measuring the time course of sarcomere shortening in single cells under conditions in which the cell developed markedly different forces. The results presented in this paper give direct evidence that the velocity of sarcomere shortening in the single cardiac cell depends on the force being developed by the sarcomeres. Thus, cardiac sarcomeres have a type of force-velocity relationship, although the exact nature of this relationship could not be determined in these experiments. PMID- 6970091 TI - Characteristics of sarcomere shortening in single frog atrial cardiac cells during lightly loaded contractions. AB - We studied sarcomere performance in single isolated intact cardiac cells using techniques that allow direct measurement of sarcomere length and force. This investigation dealt primarily with sarcomere performance during twitch contractions under lightly loaded conditions. In such contractions, there was a significant portion of the contraction in which sarcomere shortening occurred at constant velocity over a significant range of sarcomere lengths. The constant velocity phase of shortening was followed by a phase of shortening in which sarcomere velocity decreased markedly. Both the velocity and extent of sarcomere shortening depended on the stimulus parameters used to excite the cell. With threshold stimulation, sarcomere velocities during the constant velocity phase of shortening ranged from 1 to 5.5 micron/sec in different cells and significant slowing of sarcomere shortening began at sarcomere lengths of 1.8-2.0 micron. In contrast, when cells were stimulated with a long duration stimulus (200 msec) of large current strength, sarcomere velocities during the constant velocity phase ranged from 6 to 12 micron/sec, and significant slowing did not occur until a sarcomere length of about 1.6 micron was reached. The threshold stimulus strength stimulus duration relationship was determined on the single cell, and it was found to be of the type expected for a cell having an intact excitable membrane capable of generating an action potential when depolarized to a fixed voltage threshold. The data presented in this paper give direct evidence that the lightly loaded cardiac sarcomere has a velocity of shortening which depends on the level of contractile activation but is independent of sarcomere length at sarcomere lengths greater than about 1.6 micron. PMID- 6970093 TI - Streptokinase for vein graft thrombosis--a caveat. PMID- 6970094 TI - In vitro interactions between beta-lactam antibiotics and tobramycin. PMID- 6970095 TI - Augmentation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by anti immunoglobulin. I. Relationship to target cell capping. PMID- 6970097 TI - The use of a T lymphocyte colony assay to measure mononuclear phagocyte function. AB - The control of colony formation of normal PHA-stimulated lymphocytes has been investigated using a liquid-on-agar culture system (Lowenberg & De Zeeuw, 1979). Optimal colony formation requires the presence of mononuclear cells which were characterized by their ability to adhere to plastic surfaces. This finding suggests that the assay system can be used to estimate the co-operative function of mononuclear phagocytes as well as to enumerate T lymphocyte colony-forming cells (TL-CFC). Both the capacities of the mononuclear cells to promote colony formation and the colony-forming abilities of T cells varied widely between different normal individuals. Studies in patients with haemopoietic deficiencies showed that the growth of TL-CFC can be used to distinguish between a real lack of colony-forming cells and an apparent reduction, secondary to mononuclear cell depletion. PMID- 6970096 TI - Evidence that T colony formation is a property of T mu (helper) lymphocytes. AB - The T-colony-forming capacity of different T lymphocyte subsets was studied in normal peripheral blood. Unfractionated lymphocytes (after 'Lymphoprep' separation) gave rise to a mean of 150 +/- 27 . 7 s.d. T colonies per 1 x 10(5) cells, while purified T lymphocytes by sheep RBC rosetting formed 110 +/- 32 . 2 colonies. Two subpopulations of T lymphocytes were further isolated according to the presence of Fc receptors for IgG (T gamma) or IgM (T mu) by ox RBC rosetting. T gamma cells were found to have a very low or absent T colony-forming capacity (23 +/- 26 . 2), while T mu cells produced normal colony numbers (106 +/- 28 . 4). Co-culture experiments showed that T gamma cells do not inhibit the T colony growth of normal T cells in our system. Our findings indicate that in human peripheral blood not all T lymphocytes are capable of forming T colonies and that this property is confined to the T mu (helper) lymphocyte subset. PMID- 6970098 TI - Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. XVI. Maldistribution of T cell subsets associated with abnormal locomotion of T cells in untreated adult patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6970100 TI - A search for circulating immune complex-like material during the course of autoimmune complex glomerulonephritis in Lewis and Brown Norway rats. AB - Circulating immune complexes were repeatedly searched for using the C1q-binding assay and the Raji cell test in Lewis and BN rats immunized with the Fx1A fraction from convoluted proximal tubule or with kidney homogenate, mixed with various adjuvants. An autoimmune glomerulonephritis was easily induced in Lewis rats. A potent adjuvant and a booster injection were necessary to obtain such a glomerulonephritis in the BN strain which is reputedly resistant. No circulating immune complex-like material could be found in Lewis rats using the C1q-binding assay. A high C1q-binding activity was found in Bn rats including control rats. The Raji cell test was weakly positive in Lewis and BN rats including control rats. This study demonstrates that the classical resistance of BN rats can be overcome if a potent adjuvant is used. Our failure to demonstrate circulating immune complexes suggests that in situ formation of immune deposits, as recently demonstrated in passive Heymann's nephritis, may also be operative in autoimmune complex glomerulonephritis. Other factors than the antigen used can be responsible for positive C1q-binding or Raji cell tests. PMID- 6970099 TI - Increase of peripheral B lymphocytes in Graves' disease. AB - Peripheral T and B lymphocytes were examined in autoimmune thyroid diseases. The percentages of T and B lymphocytes were calculated from the proportions of E and EAC rosette-forming cells and peroxidase-positive cells determined by micromethods. In thyrotoxic Graves' disease, the percentage of T cells was significantly lower, and the percentage of B cells was higher than in normal controls. The absolute count of B lymphocytes was also markedly increased. The serum levels of thyroid hormones showed a significant correlation with the percentage of B cells and an inverse correlation with that of T cells in untreated cases of Graves' disease. Similar abnormalities of lymphocyte subpopulations were observed in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease under drug therapy, but the proportions and absolute counts of T and B lymphocytes were normal in euthyroid patients with Graves' disease, either under drug therapy or in remission. No abnormalities in T and B cells were found in Hashimoto's disease. The data indicate that the main feature of the abnormality of the lymphocyte subpopulations in thyrotoxic Graves' disease is an increase of B lymphocytes. The reasons for the discrepancy between our results and those of earlier reports and for the B cell abnormality in Graves' disease are discussed. PMID- 6970102 TI - Murine autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced via xenogeneic erythrocyte immunization. IV. Immunosuppression of the response. PMID- 6970103 TI - Delineation of an effector population responsible for natural killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in man. PMID- 6970101 TI - Murine autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced via xenogeneic erythrocyte immunization. III. Influences of sex. PMID- 6970104 TI - The effect of in vivo dexamethasone on lymphocyte subpopulations: differential response of EAhu rosette-forming cells. PMID- 6970105 TI - DR-bearing T lymphocytes in thoracic duct lymph. PMID- 6970106 TI - "Active" T cells in guinea pig peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6970108 TI - Abnormal dynamic brain scan in corpus callosum agenesis. PMID- 6970107 TI - Serum thymic hormone activity with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6970109 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae type B septic arthritis in children. AB - Three cases of ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae type B septic arthritis are described. These patients presented over a four-month period (November 1978 to February 1979). All were less than 18 months of age, all had positive blood and joint aspirate cultures, and counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) on serum positive for Hemophilus influenzae type B. The ampicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all three isolates was 6.25 microgram/ml or greater. All patients recovered uneventfully with intravenous chloramphenicol therapy. We suggest that chloramphenicol be considered in the initial therapy of children under 18 months of age who present with septic arthritis, at least in geographic areas where the incidence of ampicillin resistance is high. PMID- 6970110 TI - Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on fentanyl distribution and elimination. AB - Fentanyl kinetics was studied in two groups of six patients, one group undergoing surgery with and one without cardiopulmonary bypass; the latter served as the controls. Plasma fentanyl concentrations declined biexponentially in the control patients with an average half-life (t1/2 beta) of 3.3 +/- 1.1 hr, total plasma clearance of 11.2 +/- 3.4 ml/min/kg, and volume of distribution (Vd beta) of 3.2 +/- 1.5 l/kg. The plasma concentration/time curves were severely disrupted during cardiopulmonary bypass but appeared to regain a log-linear decay once bypass was complete. This elimination phase had a t1/2 of 5.2 +/- 2.7 hr, longer than that in the control patients. Since fentanyl is eliminated primarily by hepatic metabolism, decreased liver plasma flow observed during and after bypass, as evidenced by a 30% decrease in indocyanine green clearance, may contribute to the extended t1/2. The prolonged t1/2 had clinical importance because of potentially prolonged effects and their relation to other drugs and the clinical management of the patient. PMID- 6970111 TI - Verapamil protein binding in patients and in normal subjects. AB - Verapamil plasma protein binding was studied in four groups of 12 subjects each: (1) normal subjects; (2) patients with moderate renal insufficiency and patients requiring dialysis; (3) patients 1 to 4 days after coronary artery surgery; and (4) patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. In normal subjects, plasma protein binding of verapamil was 89.6 +/- 0.17% and was concentration independent over a range of 35 to 1,557 ng/ml, which includes the usual clinical plasma range. In normal subjects, plasma protein binding of verapamil was not affected by addition of its major metabolite, norverapamil, in ratios of 1.2 to 26.3 (norverapamil/verapamil) or by the addition of 10 micrograms of warfarin. The plasma protein binding of verapamil was not altered in the postsurgical state or in the dialysis patients. Verapamil protein binding was initially lower in the cardiac catheterization patients (mean = 86.34 +/- 2.13%, p less than 0.001) than in normal subjects and was still lower (mean = 83.29 +/- 3.04%, p less than 0.02) after heparinization. There was also a small increase in binding in the patients with renal insufficiency (p less than 0.05). Plasma protein binding of verapamil in mongrel dogs (mean = 90.7%) was the same order. We found verapamil to be approximately 90% bound in man and dogs and not markedly changed by any of the conditions studied. PMID- 6970112 TI - Complete neurological recovery after 13 minutes of hypovolemic hypotension. AB - It has been shown experimentally that irreversible brain injury and death may follow after 5-7 min of cerebral ischemia and that even brief periods, 2 min or less, can produce focal damage to the nervous system. All published studies demonstrating a protective effect of barbiturates have been performed in animals. A patient is presented who recovered full neurological function after 13 min of hypovolemic hypotension. This remarkable outcome may have been due to the rapid institution of high-dose barbiturate therapy. The extent to which such therapy affected his outcome is unclear, but does add to the growing body of evidence suggesting a favorable effect from this type of barbiturate therapy. PMID- 6970113 TI - Perfusion technology in the hypothyroid patient. AB - Cardiopulmonary bypass may, by necessity, have to be performed in patients who are frankly hypothyroid. In treating five such patients, all of whom required coronary revascularization, it was noted that fluid balance during perfusion was considerably different than that in the normal population. In order to attempt to evaluate this difference, ten consecutive euthyroid patients having revascularization and the five hypothyroid patients were compared to correlate all fluid absorbed and excreted with the duration of bypass, the serum sodium, and subsequent weight gain. Fluid intake, urine output, and retained fluid were significantly elevated in the hypothyroid as compared to the euthyroid group, while serum sodium following operation was not significantly different. While there are considerable data indicating that hypothyroidism is associated with abnormal salt and water excretion, there is no information concerning the alterations which occur during cardiopulmonary bypass. The present study indicates that hypothyroidism is associated with significant diuresis (without administration of exogenous diuretic agents during cardiopulmonary bypass). The proposed explanation for this diuresis rests with the assumption that with cardiopulmonary bypass and appropriate fluid administration, the contracted blood volume in hypothyroid patients expands acutely and a diuresis results. PMID- 6970114 TI - Local immunotherapy of stomach and intestinal carcinoma by Propionibacterium granulosum. AB - The effect of cell suspension of Propionibacterium granulosum strain KP-45 injected intratumorally was estimated in patients with advanced malignant neoplastic disease of the upper and lower part of the digestive tract. These patients received no other anticancer treatment, and results of therapy with P. granulosum were compared with a control group of nontreated patients. In the course of immunotherapy, general clinical state, dynamics of tumor growth as judged by endoscopy and morphologic, biochemical and immunologic parameters of the peripheral blood, were evaluated. Treatment with KP-45 preparation usually resulted in partial regression of tumor growth, accompanied by improvement of the clinical state of these patients, as well as reappearance of normal values of blood picture and biochemical parameters. Enhancement of cellular immune response, evaluated by increased number of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and increased skin reactivity to PHA and PPD, was observed. No serious side effects or complications of local immunotherapy were noted. No patients who had immunotherapy suffered from bacterial infection; this was not the case in the control group. PMID- 6970115 TI - The relationship of hemorrhoids to portal hypertension. AB - Records of 188 patients with documented portal hypertension were reviewed to determine the incidence of hemorrhoids as well as bleeding complications associated with this condition. The incidence of hemorrhoids among these patients was not increased compared to the normal population. Six of the patients with portal hypertension did, however, bleed massively from hemorrhoids. Elevated portal venous pressure is an important factor in those patients having severe hemorrhoidal bleeding. The presence of coagulation defects may also be of considerable importance. PMID- 6970116 TI - Synchronous and metachronous malignancies of the colon and rectum. AB - In a brief survey of the literature on colorectal malignancy, the incidence of multiple primary (synchronous and metachronous) malignancies is reviewed. A changing pattern of incidence is noted, with decrease in incidence of rectal malignancies and increasing incidence of colonic malignancies, especially in the right colon. The author recommends stool screening for blood and more roentgenographic and endoscopic studies of the colon for earlier diagnosis of colonic malignancies. PMID- 6970118 TI - [Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae to antibiotics in the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)]. AB - In a multi-center study 523 strains of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae isolated from patients in eight towns of the Federal Republic of Germany were tested for their sensitivity to 15 different chemotherapeutic agents. 1.7% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, 1,5% to chloramphenicol and 2.5% to tetracycline. All ampicillin-resistant strains produced beta-lactamase. For the first time, multiple resistant strains were isolated: two against ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline; one in addition also against co-trimoxazole. It is likely that there will be a spread of such resistant strains. PMID- 6970119 TI - [Emergency endoscopy after operation of the upper gastro-intestinal tract: problems and risks (author's transl)]. AB - Upper gastro-intestinal bleeding or other complications after operations on this tract can lead to grave additional risk for the patient, especially in the early postoperative phase. Because of its high degree of diagnostic accuracy, emergency endoscopy is in most cases of decisive importance in planning the type (conservative or surgical) and timing of any necessary treatment. Special investigative techniques as well as the early use of endoscopy in 97 patients achieved a high rate of success at a low risk to the patients. Indications, results and risks of emergency endoscopy of the upper gastro-intestinal tract in the late postoperative phase are similar to those for the non-operated patient. PMID- 6970117 TI - Percutaneous liver biopsy in difficult cases simplified by CT or ultrasonic localization. AB - Repeat liver biopsy guided by CT and ultrasound was performed in ten prospectively selected patients with chronic liver disease, small liver size, and a previous unsuccessful biopsy. Biopsy sites selected by both radiographic techniques were essentially similar and within 1 cm of each other. The bulk of the liver was located more posteriorly and superiorly than expected, explaining the failure of the previous unsuccessful biopsies. Adequate cores of liver 1-2.5 cm in length were easily obtained with radiologic guidance. This technique is especially useful in patients with chronic active hepatitis complicated by cirrhosis. PMID- 6970120 TI - [Use of the Myo-Monitor in the functionally disturbed stomatognathic system]. PMID- 6970121 TI - Effect of unilateral vagotomy on mitotic activity of adrenal cortex. AB - Unilateral cervical vagotomy resulted in a significant increase of the mitotic incidence in the adrenal cortex of male rats at 14 days after the operation. This finding suggests the involvement of the vagus nerve in the control of adrenal cortex cells growth, even though the mechanism remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6970122 TI - Iodine metabolism and iodothyronine (T3 and T4) binding in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro. AB - Surviving human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) were found to incorporate and metabolize 125I in vitro. After incubation the metabolized iodine may be found in three different fractions which may be separated by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The first fraction consists of deoxyribonucleoproteins and specifically binds T3 (Bmax) 4 x 10(-12) mol mg-1 protein; Ka (4.5 x 10(11) mol-1 mg) and T4 (Bmax) 13 x 10(-12) mol mg-1 protein; Ka (0.77 x 10(11) mol-1 mg). The second fraction binds iodine and T4 by a non displaceable manner. It appears to be acid precipitable and possibly of iodoprotein nature. The third fraction of iodinated molecules was further analyzed with the aid of Sephadex G-10 column chromatography and it was found that these compounds may correspond to iodothyronines, as concluded from their physicochemical characters. The addition of T3 or T4 or TSH reduced the radioactivity associated presumably to nucleoproteins and iodoproteins. These experiments suggest a possibility of intracellular synthesis and macromolecular binding of iodothyronine-like compounds in PMNL and the influence of external T3, T4 and TSH. PMID- 6970124 TI - Localized telangiopathy of the stomach and duodenum diagnosed and treated endoscopically. Case reports and review. AB - During the period from January, 1976 to December, 1979 we performed 5000 upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations. Of these 650 were for gastrointestinal bleeding. In nine patients we found, endoscopically localized mucosal vascular abnormalities of the stomach and duodenum. Repeated endoscopic examinations were necessary in four cases before the correct diagnosis was made. Three telangiopathies (as we prefer to call them) were found incidentally, and in six cases endoscopy was performed because of gastrointestinal bleeding. In five of the six cases with bleeding, the telangiopathy (TAP) probably was the bleeding lesion. The treatment of choice is endoscopic, either by electrodestruction with mono-polar current, or by removal with a diathermy snare. Neither barium meal x rays of the upper gastrointestinal tract in five cases, nor exploratory laparotomy in two cases, revealed the telangiopathies. There has been no rebleeding after the treatment, except for one case in which another TAP of the small or large bowel is implicated. PMID- 6970123 TI - Antiglucocorticoid activity of androgens in rat thymus lymphocytes. AB - The potent androgens testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, but not the inactive androgens etiocholanolone and androsterone, display antiglucocorticoid activity in rat thymus-derived lymphocytes. At a concentration of 10(-5) M, the potent androgens markedly lower the in vitro cytolytic response of isolated thymic lymphocytes to 10(-8) M dexamethasone. AT 2.5 X 10(-5) M, these androgens completely prevent the inhibition produced by 5 X 10(-8) M dexamethasone on 2 deoxyglucose uptake and uridine uptake and incorporation in isolated thymic lymphocytes. In the cytosol fraction obtained from rat thymus homogenate, the active androgens competitively inhibit the binding of [3H]dexamethasone to glucocorticoid-specific receptors with Ki values of 1.2 X 10(-6) and 2.5 X 10(-6) M for testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, respectively. Thymus-derived lymphocytes and nuclei isolated from these cells exhibit binding of [3H]dexamethasone. The bound dexamethasone is avidly displaced by an excess of nonradioactive dexamethasone as well as by nonradioactive testosterone or 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone. In contrast to their antiglucocorticoid activity in vitro, these androgens fail to elicit antiglucocorticoid activity when administered in vivo. This work shows that androgens are potent antiglucocorticoids in vitro due to competition with the active glucocorticoid on binding to cytoplasmic and nuclear receptor sites. PMID- 6970125 TI - Characterization and quantification of the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in cytosol from rat skeletal muscle. AB - The binding of the radioactive synthetic hormonal steroids [3H]dexamethasone (9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta, 17 alpha, 21-trihydroxy-16 alpha-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene 3,20-dione) and [3H]methyltrienolone (17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-4,9,11 estratien-3-one) to cytosol from rat skeletal muscle was studied using dextran coated charcoal to separate unbound and receptor-bound steroid. The rates of association, dissociation, and degradation of the complexes of dexamethasone and methyltrienolone with receptor were highly dependent on temperature. The temperature dependence of association was greater for dexamethasone, and that of degradation was greater for methyltrienolone. Dissociation rates were insignificant for both steroid-receptor complexes compared to association and degradation rates. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constants for the binding of dexamethasone and methyltrienolone to their receptor binding sites were about 7 and 0.3 nM, respectively, regardless of temperature (0. 15 or 23 degrees C). The lack of influence of temperature on the equilibrium constants indicate that the binding was of hydrophobic character, and the corresponding free energy changes upon binding of dexamethasone and methyltrienolone to their respective binding sites were -41 and -49 kJ mol-1 under equilibrium conditions at 0 degrees C. The apparent maximum number of binding sites determined from Scatchard plots under these conditions was about 1900 fmol/g of tissue, 3500 fmol/mg of DNA or 30 fmol/mg of protein in the case of the dexamethasone receptor, and the corresponding figures for the methyltrienolone were about 100 fmol/g of tissue, 200 fmol/mg of DNA or 2 fmol/mg of protein. The ligand specificities of the binding sites for dexamethasone and methyltrienolone were typical of a glucocorticoid and an androgen receptor, respectively. Both steroid receptor complexes were retained on DNA-cellulose columns, and were eluted by NaCl at an ionic strength of 0.1. The DNA-cellulose step purified about 20 times, and was used to allow gel exclusion chromatography and electrofocusing. Both steroid-receptor complexes were excluded from a column of Sephadex G-150. Electrofocusing in preparative columns gave reproducible patterns consisting of three peaks for each receptor. The apparent isoelectric points were 5.4, 5.6 and 6.2 for the glucocorticoid receptor, and 5.9, 6.2 and 8.5 for the androgen receptor. PMID- 6970127 TI - Characterization of mouse thymocyte and peripheral lymphocyte xenoantigens by two dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to analyze the surface glycoproteins of murine thymocytes and lymph node cells. Two-dimensional maps of unselected, radioiodinated lymphocyte surface proteins were complex, showing at least 20 different components, but simpler patterns were obtained by using rabbit antibodies directed against the surface proteins of a T lymphoma cell line, to precipitate xenoantigens from lysates of radioiodinated or biosynthetically labeled thymocytes and lymph node cells. These xenoantibodies precipitated 12-13 distinct components from each cell type, of which all but 3 were sialoglycoproteins. Two types of difference between the surface glycoproteins of thymocytes and peripheral lymphocytes could be detected. First, higher mol. wt. glycoproteins and Thy-1 are more acidic in peripheral lymphocytes than in thymocytes, and this difference disappears after neuraminidase treatment. One additional high mol. wt. glycoprotein is also detectable in peripheral lymphocytes, probably reflecting the greater carbohydrate complexity of these molecules, when expressed on such cells. Second, 3 glycoproteins are strongly labeled only on thymocytes, and 3 others only on peripheral lymphocytes. These 6 glycoproteins might represent genuine differentiation antigens. PMID- 6970126 TI - Selective suppression of the cytotoxic T cell response to influenza virus in mice. AB - Mice injected with inactivated (UV light-irradiated) influenza virus produce specific antibody, become sensitized for a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, but do not generate specific cytotoxic T (Tc) cells. If injected 4-5 days later with infectious virus, the formation of Tc cells is suppressed by > 90%. If A strain viruses are used, the suppression observed is cross-reactive within A strain viruses but does not extend to B/LEE or to Sendai virus. Serum from mice injected with UV-irradiated virus contains antibodies which on adoptive transfer can inhibit Tc cell formation when infectious homologous virus is used to challenge the recipients. Spleen cells from the same mice, upon adoptive transfer, also inhibit (50-70%) Tc cell formation if transferred within 24 h of injection of infectious virus, and the specificity pattern observed is cross reactive within A strains. The activity of the cells mediating suppression is destroyed by monospecific anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement. The immune cells require I region sharing between donor and recipient mice for their suppressor activity to be effective. (There is also a partial requirement for K, D region sharing, but the possible rejection of transferred cells is not excluded.) Dilution assays in which clonal expansion of Tc precursors is used to estimate their frequency and the presence of T helper (Th) cells indicate that suppressed mice possess Tc precursors and primed cells which, upon restimulation, act as Th cells. Furthermore, injection of irradiated Th cells with inactivated virus does not significantly reduce the ensuing suppression. PMID- 6970128 TI - Cytotoxic T cell responses to haptenated cells. III. Isolation and specificity analysis of continuously growing clones. AB - Various procedures were used to derive continuously growing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones from a primary culture containing responder cells from immunized mice and 3-(p-sulfophenyldiazo)-4-hydroxylphenyl acetic acid (SP)- or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FL)-coupled stimulator cells. It seems likely that CTL have to undergo some change, possibly genetic, to be able to grow continuously in T cell growth factor conditioned medium in the absence of any stimulator or filler cells. The most convenient and reliable procedure to generate CTL clones with different specificities was to establish from several aliquots of a primary culture cell populations continuously growing in medium conditioned with T cell growth factor(s). Clones with different specificities segregated in the different populations. SP- and FL-specific CTL clones restricted to H-2Kk and H-2Dd and two FL-specific CTL clones with no apparent H-2 restriction are described. PMID- 6970129 TI - Memory B cells at successive stages of differentiation: expression of surface IgD and capacity for self renewal. AB - In recent studies, we have characterized two memory B cell populations capable of giving rise to IgG antibody-producing cells in adoptive recipients. One population carries surface IgD gives rise to predominantly low-affinity antibody responses; the other lacks detectable surface IgD and gives rise to predominatly high-affinity responses. These memory populations often coexist in individual donors for long periods of time; however, in strongly stimulated donors, the IgD+ population is lost after several weeks, and nearly all detectable B cell memory is IgD- thereafter. In this publication, we show that the IgD+ and IgD- memory populations represent B cells at two successive stages of antigen-dependent differentiation. We used the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) in a double isolation and transfer protocol to show directly that FACS-isolated IgD+ memory cells transferred to adoptive recipients give rise both to IgG antibody producing cells and to an expanded memory population that is predominantly IgD-. We also show that FACS-isolated IgD- memory populations from the original donor "self-renew" (i.e. give rise to more IgD- memory) in adoptive recipients and that these events require supplementation of the isolated memory cells with carrier primed T cells and antigen. In discussing these findings, we integrate our data with previous evidence on the expression of surface IgG on memory B cells to create an updated view of surface Ig expression during memory development. We also consider these findings in the light of our recent suggestion that the loss of IgD receptors facilitates affinity maturation in the more mature (IgD-) memory population. PMID- 6970130 TI - Presence of T 145 on cytolytic T cell lines and their lectin-resistant mutants. AB - Murine cytolytic T cell lines have been analyzed for the expression of two surface glycoproteins called T145 and T130. T145, known to be expressed by activated cytolytic T cells, is also expressed by such lines, but T130, which has been described by a universal T cell marker, is not. Our results suggest a structural relationship between T145 and T130. Vicia villosa lectin, which binds selectively to T145 of activated T cells and which is cytotoxic for cytolytic T cell lines, has been used to select lectin-resistant mutants from these lines. Five independent lectin-resistant mutants have been obtained. All of them are cytolytically active, bind up to 100-fold less lectin than the parental lines, but still express T145 or a closely related glycoprotein. PMID- 6970131 TI - Characterization of human lymphocytes which proliferate "spontaneously" in vitro. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes proliferate "spontaneously" in vitro following the reduction in the proportion of monocytes in culture. This cell proliferation, which takes place in the absence of any extrinsic antigenic stimulation, was found to reside in a small fraction of a non-T non-B cell population which was also Fc receptor-negative. Concomitant with the in vitro proliferation of the monocyte-depleted cells, an increase in the proportion of E rosette-forming cells was observed. Hence, in addition to the regulation of spontaneous proliferation of lymphocytes, it is suggested that monocytes may also be involved in the regulation of the proportion of T cells or in expression of the E-rosetting marker. PMID- 6970132 TI - The effects of 3,4-diaminopyridine on acetylcholine release at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - The effects of 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) were studied on spontaneous and evoked transmitter release in the frog sartorius muscle preparation. At a concentration of 1 mM, 3,4-DAP caused the appearance of spontaneous giant potentials, this effect of 3,4-DAP also occurred in absence of extracellular calcium. At lower concentrations in magnesium Ringer 3,4-DAP (1-10 microM) increased e.p.p. quantal content without causing the appearance of spontaneous giant potentials, 3,4-DAP prolonged muscle action potential (1 mM) and it is suggested that prolongation of the nerve terminal action potential by 3,4-DAP contributes largely to the increased evoked acetylcholine release. The ability of 3,4-DAP to cause the appearance of giant spontaneous potentials is considered to be independent of the drug's known ability to inhibit potassium conductance in excitable membranes, and may be due to the release of performed multiquantal packets of acetylcholine as suggested for vinblastine. It is concluded that 3,4 DAP is a useful tool in the study of both evoked and spontaneous acetylcholine release. PMID- 6970133 TI - Heterogeneity of human colony-forming cells (CFUc) with respect to their sensitivity to chloramphenicol. AB - Human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFUc) fractionated by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity exhibit heterogeneity with respect to inhibition by the drug chloramphenicol (CAP). An inverse correlation is observed between sedimentation velocity and sensitivity to CAP, e.g., increasing sensitivity with decreasing velocity. This heterogeneity is not a result of protection by endogenously produced colony stimulating factor since the same result obtains after removal of adherent cell populations. This heterogeneity in CFUc sensitivity to CAP may be a determining factor on the variability of bone marrow suppression by the drug. PMID- 6970135 TI - The nature of cell interactions during phytohemagglutinin-induced T-cell colony formation. AB - When a constant number of peripheral human blood mononuclear cells (MC) are seeded in an agar overlayer on top of a cell free underlayer supplemented with 100 microgram phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the number of colonies formed is dependent on cell concentration with respect to both the overlayer and total culture volumes. These results support the view that during PHA-induced colony formation cell cooperation between T-colony forming cells and a population of cooperating cells (CC) is mediated by diffusible soluble mediators. They also indicate that the effect of such mediators is dependent on concentration and not only on total amount in the culture. With respect to contradictory evidence on the nature of CC the possible heterogeneity of the CC population has been explored using the mathematical approach developed by Copplesson and Michie to investigate cell cooperation during an in vitro immune response. As a result, the slopes of the regression lines obtained by plotting the logarithms of the number of colonies obtained against the logarithms of cell inocula suggest the possibility of at least 3 interacting cell populations during colony formation, and thus the heterogeneity of cooperating cells. It is therefore hypothesized that T-cell colony formation may be under the control of a fairly complex system of mediators exchanged by different types of CC rather than by one specific colony stimulating factor as described during granulocyte or macrophage colony growth. PMID- 6970134 TI - The effect of prostaglandin E1 on hemopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells has been studied in a long-term bone marrow liquid culture system. In cultures supplemented with PGE1, there was a dose dependent decrease in both CFUS and CFUc. (CSA levels rose dose dependently, with a concomitant increase in mature granulocyte production. Macrophage production was suppressed.) After cessation of PGE1 treatment, CFUS and CFUc returned gradually to the control values and CSA was not detectable. There was no significant effect on hemopoiesis in cultures supplemented with 10(-8) M or less concentrations. PMID- 6970136 TI - B-lymphocyte colony forming cells in the thymus of AKR mice. AB - Mice of the AKR strain develop T-lymphocyte leukemia originating in the thymus. We found increased numbers of B-lymphocytes and B-lymphocyte-colony forming cells (CFCBL) in the thymus of older AKR mice. No age-related variation of CFCBL numbers was observed in spleen or lymph nodes, nor in lymphoid organs from two other inbred strains of mice. Fifty to ninety percent of the lymphocytes from thymus and spleen colonies were immunoglobulin-positive. CFCBL of normal thymus were more sensitive to cortisol and irradiation in vitro than CFCBL of spleen and lymph nodes. 3 X 10(-8) M cortisol resulted in a 50% reduction of the number of thymic-CFCBL while the corresponding concentration for lymph node and splenic CFCBL was 10(-7) M. D0 for thymic-CFCBL was 45 rad, for spleen and lymph nodes 54 rad. CFCBL from thymus and spleen were not killed by hydroxyurea treatment indicating that they were not in the S phase of the cell cycle. Velocity separation showed that CFCBL of young and aged non-leukemic thymus sediment at the rate of 2.5-3 mm/h. In the thymomas, however, the sedimentation coefficient ws 2-8 mm/h indicating that both small and large CFCBL were present. PMID- 6970137 TI - Properties of colony-stimulating and inhibiting activities of chicken serum. AB - Serum obtained from young chicks stimulated with endotoxin contained elevated levels of colony-stimulating activity (CSA). This CSA was partially characterized. Incubation at 65 degrees C (60 min) had no effect on the ability of the CSA to support colony formation by nonadherent cells but reduced 3-4 fold its ability to support colony formation by unfractionated marrow cells. These data suggest that most of the serum activity is due to a heat-labile, adherent cell-dependent factor which does not directly affect the nonadherent granulocyte/monocyte colony-forming cell (GM-CFC). The ability of serum to support colony formation was increased by chloroform extraction. This was evidently due to the presence of inhibitory lipoproteins. The lipoprotein fraction of pigeon serum was found to directly block colony formation. The CSA for nonadherent cells migrated as one peak in the postalbumin region during zone electrophoresis. When electrofocused, heterogeneity was detected but all activity was associated with molecules with isoelectric points between pH 4 and 5. Following sequential fractionation by chloroform extraction, ultrafiltration, zone electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and gel filtration (Ultrogel AcA 44), the activity was separated from most of the remaining protein. One peak of activity was obtained at the excluded volume. PMID- 6970139 TI - In vitro growth of colonies of mitogen-stimulated mouse T lymphocytes: I. Conditions affecting colony formation; II. Structure of colonies and component cells. AB - Mouse lymph node cells sensitized with PHA or Con A in liquid phase grew into T cell colonies when seeded in a two-layer soft agar culture system containing the mitogen. The colony cells were of T-cell lineage. This was deduced from their morphology, ultrastructure, positive strain for theta-isoantigen and the fact that no colonies were formed by lymphoid cells from congenitally athymic nude mice. The architecture of the colonies and their component cells was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Clonogenic assay indicated that macrophages are active modulators of T cell proliferation. Colony formation was markedly enhanced by hemolysate and/or amino acid, L-glutamine or L-cystine, added to the culture medium. The largest number of colonies grew when both the liquid and soft agar media were supplemented with hemolysate and one of the amino acids. Under these conditions the minimal seeding level for colony formation could be reduced from 2.0 X 10(5) to 1.6 X 10(4) cells/culture. PMID- 6970138 TI - Effects of carrageenan on the mouse hematopoietic system. AB - We investigated the effects of carrageenans (CAR) on mouse hematopoiesis, one of the many biologic systems affected by these galactan polysaccharides. Mice were injected intravenously with potassium CAR (K+-CAR) or iota CAR (I-CAR) and studied for 7 or 14 days, respectively, thereafter. Treatment with either compound induces anemia, granulocytosis, and early profound thrombocytopenia. Treatment with I-CAR results in an early lymphocytosis, and both compounds induce lymphopenia by 18 h after treatment. Treatment with either CAR compound is associated with an early moderate reduction in the number of nucleated cells and granulocyte/macrophage colony forming cells (CFUGM) per femur. Both compounds induce splenomegaly, and I-CAR treated mice develop hypoplasia of the thymus by 18 h after treatment. The splenomegaly is associated with intense splenic hematopoiesis and an increase in the number of spleen histiocytes; many of the latter are engorged with metachromatically staining material, most likely CAR. There is a sustained increase in the numbers of spleen CFUGM after treatment with either compound; in the case of I-CAR this may be due to proliferation of CFUGM in this organ, perhaps effected by the increased levels of plasma colony stimulating activity. Although it has been suggested that I-CAR is relatively nontoxic, and, therefore, potentially useful for in vivo studies, our observations indicate that it has profound effects on hematopoiesis which must be considered when planning and interpreting in vivo studies using this compound. PMID- 6970140 TI - The use of hydroxyurea to study the proliferative state of T-cell precursors (CFUT) in murine bone marrow. AB - The cycle specific drug, hydroxyurea (HU), has previously been used to study the proliferative kinetics of various hemopoietic precursor cells such as granulocyte macrophage precursors (CFUc) and multipotential stem cells (CFUs). We have investigated the kinetics of another hemopoietic precursor, a T-cell colony (CFUT). When mice are exposed to two doses of HU, separated by 7 h, CFUT are reduced to approximately 30% of the control value. Surviving cells in the bone marrow quickly replenish the population and return it to normal values 2 days after HU treatment. When fresh bone marrow cells or bone marrow cells harvested from mice exposed 24 h earlier to HU are treated in vitro with HU, CFUT activity is reduced by approximately 70%. These data indicate that CFUT is a rapidly proliferating population with a large proportion of the cells always in cell cycle. PMID- 6970141 TI - Hematologic responses induced by endotoxin in normal and endotoxin tolerant dogs. PMID- 6970143 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: decarboxylation of 5-hydroxytryptophan, L-dopa, and L histidine in adult and larval schistosomes. PMID- 6970142 TI - Single-cell responsiveness to sensory stimuli in the mediobasal hypothalamus of rats with partial hypothalamic deafferentations and medial forebrain bundle lesions. PMID- 6970144 TI - Inhibitory activity of sinefungin and SIBA (5'-deoxy-5'-S-isobutylthio-adenosine) on the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of different species of Leishmania. PMID- 6970145 TI - Monitoring the integrity of self: biology of MHC-restriction of virus-immune T cells. AB - All available evidence indicates that the cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocyte (T cell), which is lytic for virus-infected target cells in vitro, is also the effector in cell-mediated immunity in vivo. Such T cell show two orders of specificity: for the virus in question, and for a particular self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoprotein. Recirculating T cells amy thus be considered to survey the integrity of self, the self components involved being the cell-surface structures that are recognized as foreign during graft rejection. Virus-infected liver cells are apparently eliminated in much the same way as a transplanted organ. The necessary balance between self-tolerance (absence of autoreactivity) and self-monitoring effector T cell function seems to be established during the process of differentiation in thymus. The molecular nature of the underlying recognition events is, as yet, obscure. PMID- 6970146 TI - [Studies for a sensitive radioimmunoassay of beta1-Sp1-glycoprotein (SP1) (author's transl)]. AB - In order to measure beta1-SP1-glycoprotein (SP1), on RIA system by the 2-antibody method was established as a measuring method of the low concentration range. SP1 concentrations were measured by this method in the sera of women in early pregnancy, in the amniotic fluids of late pregnancy, in the sera of malignant tumour patients. Furthermore, SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in early pregnancy as well as E2, E3, progesterone and HCG concentrations in the same samples were measured, and correlations between them were examined. 1) The minimum sensitivity of this measuring system was 3ng/ml. The optimum concentration of samples was between 10 approximately 660ng/ml. 2) The correlation between the data obtained by this RIA method and the SRID method was as close as r = 0.9287. 3) SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in early pregnancy were 0.17 +/- 0.12 microgram/ml in the fifth week of pregnancy, showing an almost straight increase during the course of pregnancy, and were 31.62 +/- 3.20 microgram/ml in the 13th week of pregnancy. 4) SP1 concentrations in amniotic fluids were 1.09 approximately 2.20 microgram/ml and were equal to about 1% of SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in late pregnancy. SP1 concentrations in the sera of umbilical cord blood were 0.13 approximately microgram/ml, which were equal to about 0.1% of SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in late pregnancy. 5) SP1 was detected in all four samples of the choriocarcinoma patients' sera, and the concentrations were 25 approximately 2,600ng/ml. Sp1 was detected in 6 of the 15 samples of the cervical carcinoma patients' sera, and the detection rate was 40%. SP1 was detected in 3 of the 6 samples of the leukemia patients' sera and 1 of the 4 samples of the prostatic cancer patients' sera. SP1 detection rates and concentrations appeared to increase in the sera of cervical carcinoma and leukemia patients in accordance with the progress of the diseases. SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in early pregnancy were not correlative to measured E2 and E3 concentrations in the same samples, but there was a significant correlation with progesterone and HCG concentrations. The RIA method for measuring SP1, which we have established, is available for measuring SP1 in the low concentration range. The method is expected to be applied clinically, such as in examinations in early pregnancy, and will be available in fundamental studies such as attempts to measure the SP1 movement in malignant tumour patients, in cooperation with studies of the meaning of SP1 production at pregnancy. PMID- 6970147 TI - Enhancement of substrate-induced deactivation of penicillinase by cross-linking with dimethyl suberimidate. PMID- 6970148 TI - The developmental potential of synchronized amphibian cell nuclei. PMID- 6970149 TI - Disassembly of the zonula occludens during amphibian neurulation. PMID- 6970150 TI - Genetic analysis of developmental arrest in an amphibian hybrid (Rana catesbeiana, Rana clamitans). PMID- 6970151 TI - [Combined valvular and coronary artery surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Between January 1st, 1976 and October 31st, 1978 ten patients underwent simultaneour replacement or repair of a cardiac valve and coronary revascularization surgery. Six patients age ranged within 45 and 66 years presented mitral insufficiency, subsequent to myocardial infarction in five and rheumatic disease in one. Aortic valvular disease was present in four patients, it was atherosclerotic in three and congenital in one. All patients had both symptoms and signs of coronary insufficiency. Fifteen aortocoronary bypass grafts were inserted. Five mitral valve and four aortic valve replacements were performed; one patient underwent mitral valve annuloplasty. Best results were achieved in the aortic group, in which no deaths occurred; three deaths occurred in the mitral group. At the follow-up evaluation (average 14.2 months) all but one surviving patients showed marked symptomatic improvement, having moved to the upper functional class. The frequent incidence of coronary occlusive disease in patients with valvular heart disease recommends extensive use of selective coronary arteriography in preoperative evaluation. Simultaneous repair of all significant heart lesions is recommended. PMID- 6970152 TI - Hemoductal pancreatitis. AB - A case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage from a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to chronic pancreatitis with bleeding into the pancreatic duct is reported. This rare phenomenon known as hemoductal pancreatitis represents a diagnostic dilemma since bleeding is intermittent and the source of hemorrhage may not be appreciated at either angiography or surgery. PMID- 6970153 TI - Presence of immunoreactive beta-endorphin and enkephalin-like material in the retina and other tissues of the frog, Rana pipiens. PMID- 6970154 TI - In vitro and in vivo analysis of the PABA test compared with the Lundh test- influence of intraluminal pH. AB - Lundh test and PABA test results were compared in 50 patients. In the resulting correlation curve three areas of interest were differentiated: (1) an area with mean tryptic activity, found in the Lundh test, below 4 U/ml, where an abnormal PABA test result was also seen; (2) an intermediate area from 4 to 9 U/ml, where PABA test results may be found in discordance with the Lundh test; (3) the normal level, where PABA excretion was shown to be independent of intestinal chymotrypsin activity. In experiments in vitro on the kinetics of the hydrolysis of BTPABA by chymotrypsin the profound influence of the pH on Km and Vmax was shown. This influence of the pH explains why in the intermediate area of pancreatic dysfunction normal PABA test results were found in a number of cases. A higher mean pH level of the Lundh test aspirates was found for patients with a normal PABA test result than for patients with an abnormal PABA test. PMID- 6970155 TI - Study on the effects of L-5HTP on the stages of sleep in man as evaluated by using sleep deprivation. AB - The effects of L-5HTP 200 mg on the EEG sleep pattern were investigated in normal subjects. When L-5HTP 200 mg was orally administered, only % S1 significantly decreased in comparison with the baseline. There was no change in any sleep stage on the first recovery night. On the second recovery night, % S1 significantly decreased, while % SR increased significantly. SWS did not show any change. The effects of L-5HTP 200 mg were investigated on the first recovery night after one night of sleep deprivation. SWS significantly increased on the first recovery night when a placebo was given, while this rebound increase of SWS disappeared and % S2 significantly increased on the first recovery night when L-5HTP was given. % SR significantly increased on the next night after the L-5HTP night. PMID- 6970157 TI - [Quantitative immunoautoradiography for the diagnosis of leukemias]. AB - A quantitative autoradiographic method is presented for determining absolute amounts of 125I-labelled compounds on the surface of individual cells. Autoradiographic evaluation of single cell radioactivity is accomplished by comparing the silver grain densities over the specimen and a radioactive standard being exposed simultaneously. The application of microphotometry of grain densities permits to determine semi-automatically the content of surface antigens or receptors of single cells in immunoautoradiographs. Hereby, the expression of various surface markers was measured on single lymphocytes and leukaemia cells. It was demonstrated that the variation of surface immunoglobulins or T cell antigens is restricted in density in the situation of leukaemia. This fits the concept that leukaemic cell clones are arrested at certain stages of cell differentiation. An immunological classification of acute and chronic forms of lymphatic leukaemias is given in relation to the differentiation degree of the neoplastic cell. PMID- 6970156 TI - [Blood coagulation disorders in liver cirrhosis in relation to the degree of portal hypertension]. AB - Investigated were the haemostasis of 45 patients with histologically confirmed liver cirrhosis. The patients were subdivided into three groups according to the extent of their porto caval collateral circulation as proved by laparoscopy, gastroscopy and radiology: I = no porto caval shunts (n = 10); II = moderate porto caval shunts (n = 13); III = distinct porto caval shunts (n = 14). A 4th group consisted of 8 patients with bleeding from oesophageal varices. The results indicated a significant decrease in the stages I-III of the coagulation factors produced in the liver (incl. factor XIII and AT III) and the thrombocytes. Unchanged remained the concentration of factor VIII, whereas the factor VIII associated antigen showed an increased activity depending on the severity of the disease (stages I-III). In patients with bleeding from oesophageal varices, values of about 300% of normal could be demonstrated. Depending on the stage of the porto caval collateral circulation, the concentration of fibrin(ogen) split products were also increased. For comparison, patients with pre- and posthepatic blockage were investigated, whose portal hypertension was not caused by liver cirrhosis. Besides a mild thrombopenia they only showed a secondary hyperfibrinolysis. The results, above all in the cases of liver cirrhosis, can be explained by pathophysiological mechanism: a decreased synthesis of clotting factors-a disturbed portal microcirculation with fibrin deposition-an impaired function of the liver RES. PMID- 6970158 TI - Cardiac positron tomography: current status and future directions. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) performed after the administration of the positron-emitting radionuclides carbon-11 (11C), nitrogen-13(13N), oxygen-15(15O) and fluorine-18(18F) has permitted the improved noninvasive assessment of the regional myocardial metabolism of normal physiologic substrates and intermediates and their cogeners. In experimental animals, the rate of oxidation of 11C palmitate correlates closely with other indexes of oxygen consumption, and the extraction of 11 C-palmitate (like that of 18F-fatty acids and 18F fluordeoxyglucose) is markedly diminished in regions of myocardial ischemia. In both experimental animals and in patients, myocardial infarct site and size, determined by positron emission tomography after the intravenous injection of 11C palmitate, correlate closely with the electrocardiographic infarct locus and enzymatically estimated infarct size as well as with the location and extent of regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. PET offers promise for assessment of flow as well despite the complexities involved. PET with 13NH3 appears to provide one useful qualitative index, although this tracer is actively metabolized. Because of the quantitative capabilities of positron emission tomography and the rapid progress which is being made in the development of fast scan, multi-slice, and gated instrumentation, this technique is likely to facilitate improved understanding and characterization of regional myocardial metabolism and blood flow in man under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. PMID- 6970159 TI - A new method of testing pancreatin therapy in vivo by the use of a peroral chymotrypsin substrate 4-(N-acetyl-L-tyrosyl)aminobenzoic acid. AB - The efficacy of pancreatin in vivo was determined in 14 patients with advanced pancreatic insufficiency using a peroral test with 2 g of chymotrypsin substrate, 4-(N-acetyl-L-tyrosyl)aminobenzoic acid, the Lundh test meal and 1000 ml tea. Chymotrypsin hydrolysis was quantified by 4-aminobenzoic acid excreted in 6-hr or 8-hr urine samples. After a control test without pancreatin, one or two tablets of Panpur (Nordmark-700 mg of pancreatin and 50 mg of bile per tablet) were applied simultaneously with the Lundh meal on repeated examinations. The urinary excretion of 4-aminobenzoic acid was restored to normal values in 5 subjects during both sampling periods. With this method, stimulated and substituted chymotrypsin is measured at the same time. The conditions of the tests, both with and without pancreatin replacement, are fully comparable and thus the significance of factors modifying the activity of enzymic components in the digestive tube is limited. The method appears appropriate for the institution of an effect pancreatin therapy and its control in vivo. PMID- 6970160 TI - Urinary PABA recovery after oral N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-PABA administration combined with various exocrine pancreatic stimulants. AB - Eleven healthy volunteers (C) and nine patients affected by chronic relapsing pancreatitis (CP) were administered N-Benzoyl-L-Tyrosyl-PABA orally, at a dose of 150 mg combined, on different days, with: 1) water alone (schedule a); 2) Lundh meal (schedule b); 3) Secretin-Caerulein by i.v. infusion (0.5 CU/kg/hr and 75 ng/kg/hr respectively) (schedule c); 4) Caerulein by i.m. injection (300 ng/kg) (schedule d). The mean urinary PABA recovery in CP was lower than in C with all the schedules, but this was statistically significant only with schedules a and c (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.05 respectively). With respect to b, c, and d, the mean urinary PABA recovery seemed to increase both in C and in CP as compared with schedule a, but only in the CP group with schedule b was the increase statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The present data show that the exocrine pancreatic stimulants do not improve the reliability of the PABA test. PMID- 6970161 TI - Summary of NHLBI-sponsored workshop on noninvasive techniques for assessment of atherosclerosis. PMID- 6970162 TI - Modulation of muscle force by recruitment during intramuscular stimulation. PMID- 6970163 TI - Characterization of lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity mediated by mouse spleen cells and the role of lymphotoxin. AB - The cellular cytotoxicity mediated by mouse spleen cells in the presence of mitogenic or non-mitogenic lectins was established under serum-free conditions and characterized. Compared with the lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity (LICC) in the guinea-pig, the activity of lymphotoxin (LT) released into the murine LICC assay cultures was very low. However, a positive correlation was found between the strength of LICC and the LT activity released into the supernatants. Moreover, the addition of puromycin, a potent enhancing reagent of guinea-pig LT activity, markedly promoted the LICC when added 4 h after the initiation of the LICC culture. These data, taken together, suggest that LT acts as an effector molecule in the murine LICC systems as well as in the guinea-pig LICC systems. Properties of the effector cell populations mediating LICC were investigated by depletion of plastic-adherent or nylon-wool adherent cells, by treatment of spleen cells with anti-T-cell sera and complement, and by use of nude mouse spleen cells. The results obtained suggest that both concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin-P can induce nylon-wool non-adherent T-cell mediated LICC, phytohaemagglutinin-W was found to be capable of inducing both the nylon-wool non adherent T-cell mediated LICC and the nylon-wool adherent non-T-cell mediated LICC, the major effector of Bauhinia purpurea agglutinin-LICC was found to be the nylon-adherent non-T-cell population. PMID- 6970164 TI - Study of the effect of single or multiple doses of BCG on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - The in vivo effects of BCG were studied on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) using an assay in which the effectors were spleen cells of BCG-treated mice, and the targets antibody-coated chicken red blood cells (CRBC). In the study of the time course of action, an increased ADCC-activity was observed starting at day 10 with a maximum (four-fold augmentation) at day 14 after BCG treatment. The nature of the effector cell was investigated: in normal mice the activity was found in two cell populations, i.e. macrophages and theta negative (theta-) nylon-adherent spleen cells. A BCG treatment increased the ADCC activity of macrophages of theta- nylon-adherent spleen cells and induced a population of theta- nylon-non-adherent spleen cells. In old mice, the effects of BCG were compared after a weekly long-term (6 months) treatment and after administration of a single dose. It was concluded that ADCC is higher in old mice than in young mice and can be further increased by treatment with a single dose of BCG in contrast with the long-term treatment which impaired this immune reaction. PMID- 6970166 TI - Anchorage and lymphocyte function. Contact-induced augmentation of T-cell activation. AB - Beads of polyacrylamide, latex or DEAE-Sephadex markedly augmented the stimulation of unfractionated or T-enriched lymphocytes by concanavalin A (Con A) or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The beads were not mitogenic in the absence of Con A or PHA. A prerequisite for the bead-induced augmentation was that the stimulated lymphocytes had been depleted of phagocytic and/or adherent accessory cells. The enhancing effect of beads was most pronounced during the initial 12 h after the beginning of lymphocyte stimulation, but not limited to this early phase of the growth period. The stimulation of lymphocytes in petri dishes of adhesive tissue culture plastic and non-adhesive bacterial plastic were compared. The magnitude of the stimulation on the non-adhesive surface was 10--50% lower than on the adhesive one, this difference being most pronounced at hyperoptimal mitogen concentrations. These results indicate that contact between some cell type and a solid surface can improve lymphocyte stimulation under experimental conditions when the number of phagocytic and adherent accessory cells is a limiting factor. The fact that cultivation on bacterial plastic, where adhesion and spreading were abolished, produced substantial stimulation (albeit reduced) demonstrates that substrate contact may be important, but is not a prerequisite, for lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6970165 TI - The induction of human peripheral blood lymphoid colonies by conditioned media from human tumour cell lines. AB - Conditioned medium (CM) from 29 human tumour cell lines and 3 malignant pleural fluids were tested for their ability to stimulate lymphoid colony formation in semi-solid agar; 9 of 14 malignant melanomas, 3 of 6 colonic carcinomas, 2 of 5 ovarian carcinomas, 3 of 4 breast carcinomas and 1 of 3 pleural fluids from breast cancer patients contained colony-stimulating activity (CSA) for human peripheral blood lymphoid cells (PBL) in semi-solid agar. Conditioned media also stimulated PBL proliferation in liquid medium; these effects were dose dependent. With the exception of one pleural fluid, extensive dialysis of CM did not significantly increase colony formation; CM from two tumour cell lines demonstrated a significant decrease in the induction of colony formation after dialysis. PMID- 6970167 TI - Cyclosporin receptor on mouse lymphocytes. AB - Specific binding of [3H]-cyclosporin C (3H-CS-C), an immunosuppressive oligopeptide, was characterized on different mouse lymphocytes. The binding was saturable, time-dependent and reversible; and KD of 1.5 x 10(-7) M and maximum binding capacity Bmax of 35 pmol/4 x 10(6) cells was found for thymocytes. A computerized analysis of the data confirmed a single population of high affinity binding sites. Lymphocytes of different organs differed in their Bmax: thymus greater than spleen greater than mesenteric lymph node (pure T cells) greater than mesenteric lymph node (pure B cells). Erythrocytes did not show a specific binding. PMID- 6970168 TI - T-cell independence of immunoglobulin synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with SpA-containing staphylococci. AB - Unfractionated and T-cell depleted human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were cultured in vitro in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I (StaCw). After 7 days of culture, the cells were assayed for cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Cyto-Ig) by direct staining using fluorescein labelled F(ab')2 fragments prepared from specific antisera against human IgG F(ab')2. The amount of immunoglobulin of the IgM and IgG class released into the cell-free supernatants was also measured by radioimmunoassay. In unfractionated PBL StaCw, like PWM, was able to induce a significant increase of either the number of Cyto-Ig containing cells for the amount of IgM and IgG secreted into the supernatant. In contrast, the amount of IgM and IgG immunoglobulin released into the supernatant of T-cell depleted suspensions stimulated with PWM was significantly reduced in comparison with that of unfractionated populations, whereas it was unchanged in T-cell depleted vs unfractionated suspensions stimulated with StaCw. The addition of a few T lymphocytes restored the ability of T-cell depleted suspensions to produce Ig in the presence of PWM, whereas despite addition of high numbers of T cells no further augmentation of the Ig production induced by StaCw on T-cell depleted suspensions was observed. Cultures of umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL) stimulated with PWM did not generate Ig-producing cells, whereas UCBL stimulated with StaCw showed significant production of Ig of both IgM and IgG classes. The results indicate that T lymphocytes are probably not involved either with stimulation or with the suppression of Ig production induced by StaCw. PMID- 6970169 TI - Antigen-induced proliferation assay for rabbit T lymphocytes. I. Characteristics of the response. AB - An in vitro assay which measures specific antigen-induced proliferation of primed rabbit lymph node and peripheral blood cells is described. This response was found to be mediated by T cells, since it could be obtained with nylon-wool passed cells and cells which do not adhere to anti-Ig-coated plastic plates. The proliferative response was found to be highly antigen-specific and restricted to the draining lymph node if assessed up to 15 days post-priming. Purified T cells required antigen-pulsed accessory cells to proliferate. The proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes was found to be low unless the lymphocytes were fractionated on insolubilized histamine. The histamine-adherent cells could suppress the above peripheral blood response, implying a certain regulatory role of suppressive cells in the periphery. The ease, reproducibility and specificity of the assay provides a simple method to evaluate the characteristics of a T-cell response in the rabbit. PMID- 6970171 TI - Antigenic modulation of lymphocytic surface immunoglobulin yielding resistance to complement-mediated lysis. II. Relationship to redistribution of the antigen. AB - Experiments were carried out on guinea-pig L2C leukaemic lymphocytes to investigate the mechanism of antigenic modulation of their surface immunoglobulin (Ig) defined as the conferring by anti-Ig of resistance to lysis by anti-Ig plus complement. The phenomenon reflects, and is probably a consequence of, redistribution of the Ig molecules by bivalent antibody. Fab fragments of the antibody were completely ineffective. Parallel studies by indirect immunofluorescence of the movement of th surface antigen-antibody complexes revealed that modulation for syngeneic complement was apparent when the complexes were minimally aggregated: capping and extensive endocytosis were not necessary. Modulation for xenogeneic (rabbit) complement required more extensive movement but was still appreciable while complexes persisted on the surface. Sodium azide at 10 mM, which inhibits antibody-induced redistribution of surface molecules, diminished modulation. In experiments omitting pre-incubation with antibody alone, the presence of azide during incubations with anti-Ig plus syngeneic complement increased lysis from a low and variable to a consistently high level; there was no effect on the already high level of lysis occurring with the non modulating anti-Ia plus syngeneic complement. This effect of azide provides further evidence that antigenic modulation can be a major factor determining a cell's survival when it is confronted simultaneously by antibody and complement. PMID- 6970170 TI - Human post-thymic precursor cells in health and disease. I. Characterization of the autologous rosette-forming T cells as post-thymic precursors. AB - Human autologous-rosette-forming T cells (Tar cells) have many of the characteristics of post-thymic precursor cells. Thus, they bind to sheep erythrocytes but have neither receptors for the Fc portion of IgG nor for that of IgM. They include a subpopulation that binds peanut agglutinin which suggests that they are immature and, as opposed to T cells with either receptors for the FC portion of IgM (T mu) or of IgG (T gamma), Tar cells adhere to nylon wool, another possible indicator of immaturity, as is their extreme sensitivity to hydrocortisone both in vitro and in vivo. There are more Tar cells in cord blood than in the peripheral blood of young adults and there are more Tar cells in the peripheral blood of young adults than in the peripheral blood of elderly subjects. By co-culturing T mu and B cells, or T mu, or Tar and B cells in the presence of pokeweek mitogen (PWM) we were able to determine that these cells cause feedback inhibition, a function considered characteristic of post-thymic precursors. In co-cultures in which we placed mononuclear cells (MNC) or MNC plus Tar cells, or MNC depleted of Tar cells or MNC depleted of Tar cells plus Tar cells stimulated with PWM, we determined that Tar cells play a role in the generation of suppression thereby confirming that human Tar cells are precursor cells. We also found that Tar cells proliferated and generated T gamma and T mu cells both spontaneously and in greater numbers, under the effect of serum thymic factor. PMID- 6970172 TI - Alveolar macrophages. VI. Regulation of alveolar macrophage-mediated suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by a putative T cell. AB - Alveolar macrophages (AM) from normal rats suppressed antigen- or mitogen stimulated blastogenic responses in cultures of splenic or lymph node lymphocytes, high levels of suppression often being observed when added AM comprised as few 0.6% of the total cells in culture. The efficiency of AM mediated suppression of spleen cell blastogenesis declined with the age of the spleen cell donors, was severely curtailed by pretreatment of donors with low levels of cyclophosphamide, and was depleted by adult thymectomy coupled with thoracic duct drainage. The suppressive activity of AM was most obvious at high cell density, was unaffected by the presence of indomethacin in the cultures, or by prior X-irradiation of the spleen cells. Fractionation of spleen cells by velocity sedimentation yielded cell populations of greatly varying sensitivities to AM-mediated suppression, from small splenocytes (sedimentation velocity 1.1 2.8 mm/h) which were almost totally refractory to AM-suppression when assayed in isolation from the remainder of the spleen cell population, to larger cells (sedimentation velocity greater than 3.,5 mm/h) exhibiting high levels of sensitivity. Fractionation of spleen cells by glass wool adherence indicated decreased sensitivity to AM-suppression in the effluent population. Examination of the suppressive activity of individual subpopulations of AM separated by velocity sedimentation indicated that the larger macrophages were the most active in vitro. Suppressive activity of this nature was not seen with unstimulated peritoneal macrophages, but was observed when 'activated' peritoneal exudate cells were tested. These data are discussed in terms of a two-cell model for suppression of blastogenesis, the ultimate effector cell being a macrophage, the activity of which is controlled by a long-lived, recirculating lymphocyte, which we have provisionally designated as a T lymphocyte. PMID- 6970173 TI - Monoclonal anti-human T-lymphocyte antibodies: enumeration and characterization of T-cell subsets. AB - The complement-mediated lysis of human lymphocytes by three monoclonal anti-human T-cell antibodies OKT3.PAN, OKT4.INd and OKT8.SUP was studied. The percentages of Ficoll-Hypaque-isolated mononuclear cells lysed by these antibodies were respectively: 65% for OKT3.PAN, 39% for OKT4.IND and 20% for OKT8.SUP. Optimal lymphocytotoxic reactions were noticed when unabsorbed rabbit serum was used as the source of complement (C). Addition of heat-inactivated human, mouse and newborn calf sera but not of foetal calf serum inhibited the lytic activity of the antibodies. Treatment of peripheral mononuclear blood cells with OKT3.PAN and C abrogated their mitotic response to PHA and Con-A. Sheep erythrocyte rosetting lymphocytes (E+ cells) treated with OKT4.IND or OKT8.SUP and C exhibited no marked changes in responsiveness to PHA, Con-A or allogeneic non-T cells. However, only E+ cells enriched with OKT4.IND-reactive cells responded to purified protein derivative, proliferated in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and were highly sensitive to hydrocortisone suppression when stimulated by PHA. Our data indicate that these monoclonal antibodies can be regarded as invaluable tools for enumeration, characterization and functional assessment of human T cells and their subclasses. PMID- 6970174 TI - Antigenic modulation of lymphocytic surface immunoglobulin yielding resistance to complement-mediated lysis. I. Characterization with syngeneic and xenogeneic complements. AB - Following previous authors, the term antigenic modulation is used to describe the induction, by antibody, of resistance to lysis by antibody plus complement. A report is given of the rapid antigenic modulation in vitro of surface immunoglobulin (Ig) on guinea-pig L2C leukaemic lymphocytes: incubation of the cells for 2 min or longer at 37 degrees with anti-Ig diminished or removed completely the lysis occurring during subsequent incubation with anti-Ig plus complement. The modulation was effective for both xenogeneic (rabbit) and syngeneic (guinea-pig strain 2) complements, but more rapid for the latter. It appeared simply to require the action of antibody on a metabolically active cell: no requirement could be demonstrated for any serum component other than antibody, and there was a need to raise the temperature to 37 degrees after attachment of the antibody. There was molecular specificity inasmuch as modulation with anti-Ig failed to confer any resistance to lysis by another antibody (anti-Ia) plus complement. PMID- 6970175 TI - Peritoneal exudate T lymphocytes with specificity to sheep red blood cells. IV. Fc receptors on specific peritoneal exudate lymphocytes and their role in delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. AB - In mice, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) is mediated by T cells. Peritoneal exudate T cells (PETLs) from mice optimally sensitized for DTH to SRBC form rosettes when interacted with sensitized sheep red blood cells (EA). The binding of EA to PETLs is mediated by a receptor specific for the Fc portion of the antibody (FcR). Biological activity (mediation of DTH) depends on the unreacted state of PETLs and is lost when the latter are either rosetted with EA or reacted with aggregated IgG. Transfer of EA or aggregated IgG-treated PETLs from mice with DTH to SRBC does not lead to adoptive sensitization of recipients. It is suggested that FcR found on the membrane of T cells mediating DTH play a role in the regulation of the cellular immune response to SRBC. PMID- 6970176 TI - The mechanism of T-cell mediated cytotoxicity. VIII. Zeiosis corresponds to irreversible phase (programming for lysis) in steps leading to lysis. AB - The combined use of an improved technique for inactivating cytotoxic T cells during the lytic reaction, with time lapse cinematography and isotope release assay, have shown that the initiation of the morphological phase of zeiosis corresponds to the time when the target cell is irreversibly programmed to lyse. It is suggested that rubidium release occurs during the phase of zeiosis. The rate of release of chromium is the result of two phases of variable length, The reversible phase (before programming for lysis) and the irreversible phase from the initiation of zeiosis to the final lytic event. The time required for programming for lysis to occur depends on the number of T cells reacting with the target cell. Thus at high ratios in tubes, where multiple interactions are possible, most target cells are programmed to lyse within 10 min. However, under conditions when T-cell:target-cell conjugates are kept in suspension to prevent multiple interactions, programming for lysis can take several hours. This provides an explanation for the apparent difference in timing of zeiosis and programming for lysis in previous publications. It is also shown that further T cell interactions with the target cell after programming for lysis (i.e. during the irreversible phase), markedly influence the rate of chromium release. This provides an explanation for the fact that chromium release takes at least 3 h to reach plateau levels after inactivation of the T cells, whereas at high effector cell ratios, maximum levels of chromium release can occur within 1 h. PMID- 6970177 TI - Control of B-cell maturation in mice. I. Increased B-cell maturation in vitro by bone marrow protected during whole body irradiation. AB - The possibility of a homeostatic control on the production of B cells was studied in CBA mice following whole body irradiation (750 rads). Bone marrow cells from femurs shielded from irradiation were taken at 24 h and the number of surface immunoglobulin positive cells assessed with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter after 24 h in vitro. The cells from the irradiated shielded mice showed greater absolute number of 'bright' B cells with a high density of surface immunoglobulin (mean increase 60%--100%) than cells from control unirradiated mice. These bright B cells did not incorporate (3H) thymidine in vitro and treatment with hydroxyurea (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) did not prevent their increase. It was concluded that the increased number of bright B cells in vitro arose from augmented maturation or differentiation and not from a proliferative process. PMID- 6970178 TI - Functional characterization of mouse lymphocyte subpopulations identified by their natural binding of bacteria. II. Identification of subpopulations of LY-1 + 2-3-, LY-1-2+3+ and LY-1+2+3+ cells and the localization of specific cytotoxic cells in a subset of LY-1-2+3+ cells . AB - Three T-cell subpopulations (T1, T2 and T3) can be identified by their binding of various bacteria (Mayer, Chen, Dray & Teodorescu, 1978). In this work we determined how the three subpopulations identified by their Ly-1, -2 and -3 alloantigens were distributed among the T1, T2 and T3 subpopulations. We found that the T1 subpopulation contained most of the Ly-1+2+3+ cells, that the T2 subpopulation contained some Ly-1+2-3- and some Ly-1-2+3+ cells and that the T3 subpopulation contained the remainder of the Ly-1+2+3+, Ly-1+2-3- and Ly-1-2+3+ cells. Thus the subpopulations identified by their bacterial adherence properties subdivided the three subpopulations identified by their Ly-1, -2 and -3 alloantigens. We also investigated whether the specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes were contained in the T1, T2 and/or T3 cells. We found that essentially all of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes were contained in the T3 subpopulation. Since the T3 cells contained a subpopulation of Ly-1-2+3+ cells the data indicated that essentially all of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes were contained in a subpopulation of Ly-1-2+3+ cells. PMID- 6970179 TI - The guinea-pig complement-activating lymphocyte surface component (GPCA): a mouse T-cell marker distinct from Thy-1. AB - Mouse lymphocytes selectively expressing sensitivity to antibody-independent complement-mediated lysis by normal guinea-pig serum have been previously shown to be identical with T cells. This correlation has raised the question addressed in this work of whether or not the complement-activating surface component and Thy-1 were the same marker. S.49 mouse lymphoblastoid cells, sensitive to killing by anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies plus a source of complement activity devoid of non specific cytotoxicity, were not sensitive to the non-specific, antibody independent lytic effects of normal guinea-pig serum. Furthermore, rat thymus cell suspensions containing 93%--95% Thy-1-bearing cells were only partially susceptible (20%--35%) to guinea-pig serum cytotoxicity. Young rat thymus cells virtually devoid of guinea-pig serum-sensitive cells (less than 2%) were readily lysed by antirat Thy-1 and complement (greater than 98%). While these results do not exclude the possibility that Thy-1 may constitute an indirect requirement for T cells to manifest sensitivity to GPS cytotoxicity, it is clear that this antigen does not confer such sensitivity by itself. Therefore, GPCA--the guinea pig complement-activating marker of murine T cells--is not identical with Thy-1 and represents a distinct surface component of T lymphocytes which manifests itself in terms of a non-specific, but selective ability to activate complement. PMID- 6970181 TI - Cryoglobulinemia and circulating immune complexes in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 6970180 TI - T and B-cell activation by mitogenic factor generated from antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. AB - Guinea-pig mitogenic factor(s) were found capable of stimulating both normal T and B cells. Preliminary physicochemical characterization could not dissociate the mitogenic factors for respective cell populations. Furthermore, both immune T and B cells could produce mitogenic factors upon stimulation with antigen in contrast to some other lymphokines which are known to be produced only by immune T cells. While T-cell-derived mitogenic factor was active on both allogenic T and B cells, it was only mitogenic to syngeneic B cells and not to syngeneic T cells. B-cell-derived factor, on the other hand, could stimulate both T and B cells either of syngeneic or allogeneic origin. PMID- 6970182 TI - Identification of T lymphocytes with Fc receptors for IgG in normal Indians. PMID- 6970183 TI - Measurement of human serum IgE and IgA by reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination. AB - Serum IgE levels can be measured by reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination (RPAH) of trypsin-treated human or sheep red cells coupled to sheep IgG anti-human IgE by chromic chloride. The results show a high correlation with those obtained by the radioactive single radial immunodiffusion method. Interfering anti-sheep IgG factors can be easily removed by absorption with small amounts of whole sheep or bovine serum cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Standardisation with the British standard for IgE shows that the detection limit of the RPAH method is 0.5 IU/ml (1.2 ng/ml). The system is therefore comparable in sensitivity to the paper radio-immunosorbent test, and has the advantages of being simple, rapid and cheap. The RPAH method can be used to measure any class of immunoglobulin. For IgA the detection limit is found to be 10(-4) IU/ml (1.4 ng/ml). PMID- 6970184 TI - Personality, attitudinal, and social correlates of drug use. AB - Retrospective data on 106 young people collected 10 years prior to this study as well as contemporaneous data were analyzed to determine predictors of drug use. Results indicate that personality factors fared poorly in distinguishing users from nonusers with the exception of anxiety and IQ for hallucinogen use only. Users tended to have high IQs and low anxiety. Social factors seem to play a major role in the spread of drug use. The initiator of the adolescent into drug use is not a group leader but rather an equal status peer group member. Factors in the spread of drug use follow similar patterns for licit as well as illicit drugs. PMID- 6970185 TI - Graves' ophthalmopathy--immunologic parameters related to corticosteroid therapy. AB - Patients with severe Graves' ophthalmopathy may or may not improve with systemic corticosteroids. In an attempt to find immunologic distinctions to correspond with this clinical phenomenon, we have evaluated various parameters in corticosteroid-responsive and corticosteroid-resistant individuals. Percentages and absolute numbers of thymus-derived active and total rosette-forming cells (A RFC and T-RFC) underwent statistically significant (p < 0.001) increases during successful prednisone therapy in 17 patients . B lymphocytes and complement receptor mononuclear cells did not significantly change with steroid therapy. In the second group, five patients therapeutically resistant to corticosteroids presented with elevated A-RFC and normal T-RFC. When treated with oral prednisone, these patients' A-RFC decreased (p < 0.001), and the T-RFC were unchanged. Corticosteroids increased the lymphoblast transformation response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) of a steroid-responsive patient, whereas steroids decreased the PHA lymphoblast transformation response of a corticosteroid resistant patient. A disease activity index to correlate the clinical and immunologic data has been devised. The findings may allow the clinician to predict which patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy are likely to benefit corticosteroid therapy and which patients may be managed better by other methods. PMID- 6970186 TI - The response to exercise training and vocational counselling in post myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass surgery patients. PMID- 6970187 TI - Uniform myocardial protection by cold potassium-induced cardioplegia for coronary artery bypass. AB - Cold potassium solution (4 C) is used to induce cardioplegia during coronary artery bypass surgery. When 1,000 ml of the cold solution are introduced through the root of the aorta, the temperature of the myocardium drops to about 7 C within a few minutes. At this level of hypothermia, ischemia can be tolerated for at least 2 h, the surgical field is rendered quiet and dry, and the safety and precision of the procedure are increased. This method, however, does not provide uniform cooling of the myocardium and some areas remain less protected than others. The temperatures in the different areas of the myocardium are measured directly with needle thermistors and the "warm" areas are cooled in turn, in descending order of myocardial temperature. Saphenous vein grafts are anastomosed to the arteries in these warm areas and additional cold solution is instilled through the graft until the temperature drops to 7 C. The coronary artery bypass, and any other required surgical procedure, is then performed. To maintain hypothermia, small amounts of cold solution are infused at intervals through the root of the aorta and through the appropriate graft. With this method of cooling, the operative mortality rate in a series of 200 high-risk patients with coronary artery disease in whom there was at least one factor predisposing to perioperative mortality and/or infarction was only 3%. PMID- 6970188 TI - Surface receptors and immune activity of purified human circulating mononuclear cells. I. The effects of lysis of the sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the T-cell rosettes on the receptors and cytotoxic activities of the T cells. T cells with receptors for complement. PMID- 6970189 TI - Doxorubicin and daunorubicin modulation of macrophages, T and B lymphocytes (anthracycline lymphocyte modulation). AB - Mouse spleen cells were cloned in the presence of phytohemagglutinin or lipopolysaccharide. The effects in vitro of doxorubicin or daunorubicin on colony formation were examined. At certain concentrations these drugs stimulated B lymphocytes and suppressed T lymphocytes. These were the opposite of the effects observed with in vivo drug administration. It was observed that soluble factors from drug-treated monocytes produced these effects. It was not clear whether the disparate effects were the result of two different monocytic populations or differences in the in vivo versus in vitro microenvironment present during drug administration. PMID- 6970190 TI - Radiologic evaluation of the cerebellopontine cistern and the internal auditory canal. AB - Radiologic evaluation of patients with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss depends on the quality of the computed tomographic (CT) scanner. Two scanners were evaluated in the present study: one utilizing thick collimation (10- and 13 mm sections) and the second utilizing thin collimation (1.5-mm sections). In both evaluations, intravenous contrast medium was used to exclude a cerebellopontine angle mass. If the cerebellopontine cistern is normal and there is clinical evidence of an intracanalicular lesion, air or metrizamide CT is used. When 10- and 13-mm sections are used, air provides the best contrast with overlapping sections. When 1.5-mm sections are used, coronal CT shows metrizamide in the internal auditory canal. PMID- 6970192 TI - [ENT aspects of rhino-sinusitis in children (author's transl)]. AB - Inflammations of the nose and paranasal sinuses in children are quite different from those occurring in adults, and are due to anatomical, immunological and physiological causes. Special attention is given to the diagnosis and management of so-called "recurrent" rhino-sinusitis of childhood, which can also be caused by certain syndromes such as cystic fibrosis, Kartagener's Syndrome and Non motile Cilia Syndrome. Clinical examples of these disturbances of nasal secretion are discussed as are disturbances of the immune system (such as the Bruton-type of agammaglobulinemia). PMID- 6970191 TI - Amphibian intestinal brush border enzymes during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. AB - The development of intestinal brush border hydrolytic activities has been studied during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis of Rana catesbeiana. Alkaline phosphatase activity peaks at 3 and 10 days after the beginning of the thyroxine treatment. The cytochemical observations concerning alkaline phosphatase activity are in agreement with the biochemical data. At the ultrastructural level, alkaline phosphatase activity is particularly evident on the microvilli membranes of the enterocytes in the primary epithelium after 3 days and in the secondary epithelium after 10 days. gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase exhibits an increase of activity between 7 and 10 days. On the other hand, glucoamylase, maltase, trehalase and leucylnapthylamidase activities decrease during thyroxine treatment, these enzymatic activities being lower than that normally observed after natural metamorphosis. The present study indicates that even though thyroxine is able to induce the morphological differentiation of the intestinal epithelium this hormone is unable to complete the enzymatic load of the new mucosa. PMID- 6970193 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of outer and inner membranes from encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - A method has been developed to separate the cell envelope of encapsulated (type b) Haemophilus influenzae into its outer and inner membrane components with procedures that avoided two problems encountered in fractionation of this envelope: (i) the tendency of the outer and inner membranes to hybridize and (ii) the tendency of the apparently fragile inner membrane to fragment into difficulty sedimentable units. Log phage cells, whose lipids were radioactively labeled, were lysed by passage through a French press. The lysate was applied to a discontinuous sucrose gradient, and envelope-rich material was collected by centrifugation onto a cushion of dense sucrose under carefully controlled conditions. This material was then further fractionated by isopycnic centrifugation in a sucrose gradient to yield four membrane fractions which were partially characterized. On the basis of their radioactivity, buoyant density, ultrastructure, polypeptide composition, and content of phospholipid, protein, lipopolysaccharide, and succinic dehydrogenase, these fractions were identified as follows: fraction 1, outer membrane vesicles with very little inner membrane contamination (less than 4%); fraction 2, outer membrane vesicles containing entrapped inner membrane; fraction 3, a protein-rich fraction of inner membrane; fraction 4, a protein-poor fraction of inner membrane. Fractions 3 and 4 contained about 25% outer membrane contamination. PMID- 6970194 TI - Plasmid transformation in Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Purified 34-megadalton-plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from antibiotic-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae transforms competent strains of H. influenzae more efficiently if the recipient strains contain certain other 30-megadalton plasmids. PMID- 6970195 TI - Purification and molecular characteristics of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) liver. AB - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from bullfrog liver mitochondria has been purified to electrophoretical and immunological homogeneity by an improved method using hydrophobic chromatography on Sepharose-hexane-GMP and affinity chromatography on phosphocellulose. The molecular weight was determined to be 70,000 by SDS-gel electrophoresis, 65,000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and 72,000 by glycerol gradient centrifugation. The isoelectric point was determined to be 6.2, differing from that of the cytosol enzyme. The rabbit IgG fraction against the mitochondrial PEP carboxykinase precipitated not only the mitochondrial but also the cytosol enzyme. The dissociation constant of the nucleotide-enzyme complex was determined to be 3 microM for GTP, 8.5 microM for GDP, and 171 microM for GMP. The affinity of GTP for the enzyme was reduced in the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate or Mn2+, whereas that of GDP was not changed. GMP inhibited the enzyme competitively with GDP for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylation and competitively with GTP for the exchange reaction between [14C]HCO3- and oxaloacetate. The purified enzyme was found to have a cysteine residue which reacted with iodoacetamide to form inactive enzyme. Guanine nucleotides or IDP and Mn2+ at a lower concentration prevented the inactivation by iodoacetamide of the enzyme in a competitive manner. Binding of guanine nucleotide to the enzyme and the relation of the sulfhydryl group to the nucleotide binding are discussed. PMID- 6970197 TI - The effect of iron on the synthesis and amount of ferritin in red blood cells during ontogeny. PMID- 6970196 TI - Purification and characterization of subcomponent Clq of the first component of bovine complement. AB - Bovine complement subcomponent C1q was purified, in a highly hemolytically active form, by a combination of precipitation with EGTA, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. Yield ranged from 22 to 28% as protein amounts, and the activity of final preparations was in the range of 2 X 10(13)-4 X 10(13) effective molecules/mg. The molecular weight of undissociated C1q was 407,000, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). C1q was shown to be composed of two non-covalently linked subunits of approximately 46,000 and 45,000 molecular weights in a molar ratio of 2 : 1. On reduction, the higher molecular weight subunit gave two chains having approximate molecular weights of 23,600 and 22,200 in equimolar ratio, and the lower molecular weight subunit gave one chain with a molecular weight of approximately 22,000. C1q contained hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, a high percentage of glycine and approximately 9% carbohydrate and 14.8% nitrogen. The absorption coefficient (A 1% 1cm) in 300 mM NaCl was found to be 7.3 +/- 0.12 at 280 nm. From these results, overall molecular structure of bovine C1q looks similar to that of human complement subcomponent C1q. PMID- 6970198 TI - In vivo rates of pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism in intact mouse T-lymphoma (s 49) cells treated with 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 6970199 TI - Aortic valvuloplasty for calcific aortic stenosis in the adult. AB - From July, 1971, through February, 1979, thirty-eight highly selected adult patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis (N.Y.H.A. Class III to IV) underwent aortic valvuloplasty rather than valve replacement. The choice of aortic valvuloplasty was based on the presence of one or more of the following factors: advanced age (over 75 years), calcification of the aorta and/or aortic annulus, small aortic annulus, severe coronary artery disease, poor left ventricular function (ejection fraction less than 25%), difficulty in coronary cannulation, or contraindication to anticoagulation. In addition, patients with the combination of severe coronary artery disease and aortic stenosis of insufficient severity to warrant valve replacement were teated by aortic valvuloplasty at the time of coronary artery bypass. The gradient across the aortic valve averaged 61.7 mmHg preoperatively and 8.4 mmHg postoperatively. There were two operative deaths (one from pre-existing renal failure) and two late deaths (pulmonary embolus and CHF). No patients were lost to follow-up. Thirty-two of thirty-four surviving patients experienced initial functional improvement. Five patients developed recurrent aortic stenosis (mean time 42.8 months after operation); and four required reoperation. The five year actuarial survival was 85.7% with a mean follow-up period of 24.8 months (range 1 to 91 months). The results in this high risk subset of patients suggest that aortic valvuloplasty has a definite place in the treatment of selected cases of aortic stenosis. PMID- 6970201 TI - Tumor promoter modulation of epidermal growth factor- and nerve growth factor induced adhesion and growth factor binding of PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. AB - Nerve growth factor (NGF) has previously been shown to increase the rate of adhesion of PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells to cell culture dishes. This increase in the rate of adhesion was postulated to be important in NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth. We now report that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is also able to increase the rate of adhesion of PC-12 cells to cell culture dishes, but does not elicit neurite outgrowth. The dose-response curve for EGF is bell-shaped, in contrast to the more classically shaped dose-response curve obtained with NGF. Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate (TPA), a potent tumor promoter, blocks the EGF induced increase in adhesion rate of PC-12 cells, but does not alter the NGF induced increase in adhesion rate. TPA shifts the EGF bindings curve to the right for PC-12 cells, but does not alter maximal EGF binding at saturating concentrations of EGF. The binding of NGF to PC-12 cells is not affected by TPA. NGF-induced neurite formation by PC-12 cells is unaffected by TPA, in contrast to the previously reported delay of neurite outgrowth of serum-deprived neuroblastoma cells and NGF-exposed chick embryonic ganglia cells. NGF and EGF both cause a decrease in the number of short microvilli and an increase in the number of long microvilli on PC-12 cells. TPA blocks the decrease in the number of short microvilli in EGF-treated cells, but not in NGF-treated cells. Long microvilli formation is blocked by TPA in both conditions, suggesting the latter are not involved in the increased adhesion rates. PMID- 6970200 TI - Cell adhesion molecules: detection with univalent second antibody. AB - Identification of cell surface molecules that play a role in cell-cell adhesion (here called cell adhesion molecules) has been achieved by demonstrating the inhibitory effect of univalent antibodies that bind these molecules in an in vitro assay of cell-cell adhesion. A more convenient reagent, intact (divalent) antibody, has been avoided because it might agglutinate the cells rather than blocking cell-cell adhesion. In this report, we show that intact rabbit immunoglobulin directed against certain cell surface molecules of Dictyostelium discoideum blocks cell-cell adhesion when the in vitro assay is performed in the presence of univalent goat anti-rabbit antibody. Under appropriate experimental conditions, the univalent second antibody blocks agglutination induced by the rabbit antibody without significantly interfering with its effect on cell-cell adhesion. This method promises to be useful for screening monoclonal antibodies raised against potential cell adhesion molecules because: (a) it allows for the screening of large numbers of antibody samples without preparation of univalent fragments; and (b) it requires much less antibody because of the greater affinity of divalent antibodies for antigens. PMID- 6970202 TI - Androgen receptor in human skin cytosol. AB - Human skin, an accessible tissue, is an androgen target organ. We have measured the androgen-binding capacity of human skin cytosol using either 5 alpha[3H]dihydrotestosterone ([3H]DHT) or [3H]methyltrienolone ([3H]R-1881) as ligand. Samples were incubated for 20 h at 0 C, and dextran-coated charcoal was used to separate bound from free steroids. The androgen receptor has a high affinity for both ligands (0.23 +/- 0.04 nM for [3H]DHT; 0.32 +/- 0.16 nM for [3H]R-1881). Testosterone, cyproterone acetate, and, to a lesser extent, estradiol also bind this protein. Progesterone displaces R-1881 from its binding sites, whereas its 5 alpha-reduced metabolite somewhat inhibits DHT binding. The highest binding capacity is measured in cytosol of skin from external genitalia (129.14 +/- 58.0 fmol/g skin; n = 34); it is lower in pubic skin (21.8 +/- 13 fmol/g skin; n = 6). There is no variation as a function of age or sex in genital skin; the higher concentrations observed in the cytosol of pubic skin of women compared to that of men are probably related to lower levels of endogenous steroids. Whereas most patients with the complete form of the testicular feminization syndrome do not have detectable concentrations of androgen receptor, one patient with apparent complete clinical androgen insensitivity had a normal androgen-binding capacity. The parity of values in genital skin from men and women, the absence of variation with age, and the presence of a cytosolic androgen receptor in some androgen-insensitive patients suggest that the androgen receptor in human skin cytosol is not regulated by androgens. PMID- 6970204 TI - Human T-lymphocyte subpopulations in Hashimoto's disease. AB - An inherited defect os suppressor T-lymphocytes has been hypothesized in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. To assess this hypothesis, human T-lymphocyte subsets (TG, T lymphocytes with surface receptors for the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G; TM, T lymphocytes with Fc receptor for immunoglobulin M) have been studied in nine patients affected by the disease. To cells have been previously shown to be suppressors in the pokeweed mitogen-stimulated B-cell differentiation and have proved abnormal in several autoimmune or immunodeficiency disorders. The number of TG lymphocytes in the patients did not differ from that in normal controls. It is possible that 1) suppressor T-lymphocytes are not involved in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's disease or 2) antigen-specific suppressor T-cells are involved, but too are low in number with respect to total TG. PMID- 6970203 TI - Characterization of steroid production in cultured human choriocarcinoma cells. AB - Progesterone is the major steroid synthesized by the JEG-3, BeWo, and JAR cell lines of choriocarcinoma. A lesser amount of pregnenolone is produced. The 17alpha-hydroxy derivatives of these steroids are only minimally present in three lines. The addition of fetal calf serum to the culture medium modestly increases the synthesis of these steroids, but increases the quantity of 17beta-estradiol produced by 30- to 90-fold. The addition of dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, androstenediol, and testosterone was shown to stimulate 17beta-estradiol synthesis. There is a clear dose-response relationship between the amount of testosterone added and the quantity of 17beta estradiol produced. These results indicate that 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase, 17beta-ol dehydrogenase, and aromatase are active in cultured choriocarcinoma cells, whereas 17beta-hydroxylase and 17-20 desmolase do not appear to be functional in these cells. It is concluded that the stereoidogenic capabilities of choriocarcinoma cells in culture are similar to those of the in vivo placenta and support their use as an experimental model of placental steroidogenesis. PMID- 6970205 TI - Otitis media caused by beta-lactamase-producing Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis. AB - A beta-lactamase-producing Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated in pure culture from the right middle ear aspiration of an otitis media in a 3-month-old girl. The patient responded well to cefamandole treatment. PMID- 6970206 TI - Cell surface differentiation antigens of the malignant T cell in Sezary syndrome and mycosis fungoides. AB - Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and rabbit heteroantisera, we have studied the cell surface markers of peripheral blood (PB) Sezary cells from six patients with mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome, disease grouped within the spectrum of cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL). Furthermore, we have studied two cell lines (Hut 78 and Hut 102) derived from malignant Sezary T cells from CTCL patients. The monoclonal antibody 3A1 defines a major human PB T cell subset (85% of PB T cells) while the antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody 4F2 is present on a subset (70%) of activated PB T cells and on circulating PB monocytes. In contrast to normal subjects in whom 60-70% of circulating PB mononuclear cells were 3A1(+) T cells, PB mononuclear cells from six CTCL patients studied had an average of only 10.6+/-3.2% 3A1(+) T cells. Whereas 85% of E-rosette positive cells from normal individuals were 3A1(+), virtually all E-rosette positive T cells from the Sezary patients were 3A1(-). Two patients with high numbers of circulating Sezary T cells had both aneuploid and diploid PB T cell populations present; after separation of PB T cells into 3A1(+) and 3A1(-) cell suspensions, all 3A1(-) cells were found to be aneuploid. In contrast to normal resting PB T cells which were 4F2(-), all PB Sezary cells were 4F2(+), suggesting a state of activation. The 3A1 antigen was on a variety of acute lymphoblastic leukemia T cell lines (HSB-2, RPMI-8402, MOLT4, CEM) but was absent on the Hut 78 and Hut 102 Sezary T cell lines. Using rabbit anti-human T and anti-human Ia (p23, 30) antisera, we found that all malignant Sezary PB cells tested were killed by anti-T cell antiserum plus complement but not by anti-Ia plus complement. In contrast, Sezary cell lines Hut 78 and 102, were killed by both anti-T cell antiserum and anti-Ia plus complement. Similar to 3A1(-) normal PB T cells, 3A1(-) Sezary PB T cells proliferated poorly to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. However, 3A1(-) Sezary T cells were able to provide T cell help towards pokeweed mitogen-induced in vitro B cell immunoglobulin synthesis, an immunoregulatory function limited to 3A1(+) T cells in normal subjects.Thus, the 3A1 antigen is present on 85% of normal PB T cells, and on most T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia lines tested; in contrast the 3A1 antigen is not present on the majority of circulating malignant Sezary PB T cells nor on T cell lines derived from malignant Sezary T cells. The lack of expression of the 3A1 antigen may be associated with malignant transformation of T cells in CTCL and may be an important marker for tracing the clonal origin of the malignant Sezary T cell. PMID- 6970207 TI - Influence of probing force on the reproducibility of bleeding tendency measurements. AB - Three groups of seven patients were selected on the basis of about 50% loss of alveolar bone support in some part of the mouth. All patients received initial treatment consisting of plaque control and removal of subgingival deposits. In the first group of patients 95 interproximal pockets were measured three times by one examiner using the pressure probe employing a constant probing force of 0.75 N. Bleeding or lack of bleeding from a pocket was sought for up to 30 seconds after probing. Results show that a time interval of 15 minutes between reexamination procedures is enough to prevent an increased bleeding index caused by repeated probing. In the second group of patients, 98 interproximal pockets were measured three times with a Merritt-B probe (Hu-Friedy), each time by a different examiner. In the third group of patients, 102 interproximal pockets were measured three times with a pressure probe, each time by a different examiner. The same three examiners were involved. In both groups presence or absence of bleeding from a pocket was recorded. Results show a proportion of interexaminer agreement among three examiners of 0.40 with the Merritt-B probe and 0.71 with the pressure probe. It is concluded that a constant probing force of 0.75 N does contribute to more reproducible bleeding tendency measurements. PMID- 6970208 TI - Histiocytosis-X: is it in your differential diagnosis? PMID- 6970209 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory-analgesic drugs and cutaneous tests for immediate hypersensitivity. PMID- 6970211 TI - Recovery from a viral respiratory infection. I. Influenza pneumonia in normal and T-deficient mice. AB - Experiments were performed to serve as a basis for analyzing the immune responses of the host to a viral respiratory tract infection. In a comparative study, inbred BALB/c and nude (athymic mice bred on a BALB/c background) mice were infected intranasally with mouse adapted A/Port Chalmers/1/73 influenza virus. Survival was prolonged in the nude mice (16 days vs 10 days for BALB/c mice, t = 3.5, p less than 0.01), but significantly fewer of the nude mice survived 21 days (16% vs 42% of BALB/c mice). In addition, virus persisted longer in the lungs of nude mice (5.8 log10 of infectious virus on day 21 vs no detectable virus in BALB/c mice) and lung pathology progressed more slowly but lasted longer in nude mice, as measured by immunofluorescent and histologic examination of pulmonary tissue. Antibody production was significantly lower and there was no cytotoxic T cell response detected in lymphoid cells prepared from the spleens, peripheral blood, or the lung after the infection of nude mice. A significant increase in the number of lymphocytes isolated from the lung was observed by day 7 (t = 5.8, p less than 0.001) in the BALB/c mice but not until day 14 (t = 4.9, p less than 0.001) in the nude mice. Lymphocytes from nude mice did not respond to influenza virus antigens or Concanavalin A (Con A) but did respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas lymphocytes from BALB/c mice responded to all 3 preparations. PMID- 6970210 TI - Heterogeneity among resident murine peritoneal macrophages: separation and functional characterization of monocytoid cells producing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and responding to regulation by lactoferrin. PMID- 6970212 TI - Studies on the capacity of B cells to serve as antigen-presenting cells. PMID- 6970213 TI - T cell hybridoma-derived regulatory factors. I. Production of T cell growth factor following stimulation by concanavalin A. AB - A cloned T cell hybridoma (123) was shown to produce T cell growth factor (TCGF). Supernatants of cultures of hybridoma-123 that had been stimulated with concanavalin A caused T cell blasts or a cloned T cell line to proliferate, allowed a mitogenic response to concanavalin A by thymocytes and by lymph-node cells depleted of accessory cells by treatment with anti-Ia serum and complement, and permitted the generation of both polyclonal and antigen-stimulated cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cultures of thymus cells. These observations suggest that the hybridoma is producing a factor with an identical spectrum of activities to that associated with TCGF derived from mitogen-stimulated spleen cells and indicate that the T cell is the source of TCGF. Together with other evidence that the same hybridoma produces activity affecting B lymphocytes, myeloid progenitor cells, and pluripotential stem cells, these experiments confirm the role of the activated T cell as a regulator of hemopoietic and lymphoid systems. T cell hybridomas should prove invaluable for biochemical and genetic analysis of these factors. PMID- 6970214 TI - Membrane protein synthesis in mitogen-stimulated human T lymphocytes. AB - Proteins were biosynthetically labeled with [35S]-methionine in resting and mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were disrupted by sonication, the membrane fraction was isolated by differential centrifugation, and radiolabeled membrane proteins were identified after 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and autoradiography. The T cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) produced selective increases in the incorporation of [35S]-methionine into a membrane protein (or family of 4 structurally related membrane proteins) with an apparent m.w. of 28,000 and approximate isoelectric points (pI) of 5.5, 5.7, 6.0, and 6.2 (p28). Quantitative microdensitometry was used to evaluate p28 synthesis in a large number of different lymphocyte donors. Consistent and highly significant differences between resting and stimulated cells were demonstrable whether the 4 p28 spots were considered individually (p less than 0.0025) or in sum (p less than 0.0005). The p28 response to Con A was shown to be contained within the T lymphocyte fraction of mononuclear cells, was dose dependent over the mitogenic concentration range for Con A, and was blocked by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, a sugar inhibitor of Con A binding. Differences between stimulated and resting cells were readily apparent within 2 hr of activation and became progressively larger with time. Protein p28 was prominently represented in plasma membranes isolated on discontinuous sucrose density gradients and was identified as a cell surface glycoprotein based on studies in which intact stimulated cells were exposed to degradative enzymes. This protein was lost from cells treated with pronase, whereas neuraminidase digestion changed the pI of p28 from a range of 5.5 to 6.2 to a range of 6.1 to 6.4 without changing the apparent m.w. PMID- 6970215 TI - An adherent, radiosensitive accessory cell necessary for mouse cytolytic T lymphocyte response to viral antigen. AB - A cell type in addition to T lymphocytes and macrophages was found to be necessary for the in vitro stimulation of mouse anti-Sendai viral T lymphocytes in response to subviral antigens. This cell type was found to be glass and nylon wool adherent, to bear no surface immunoglobulin or Thy 1.2 antigen, and to be radiosensitive. This type of cell was not needed when the stimulatory antigen was virus-infected cells. PMID- 6970216 TI - Role of lymphotoxin in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). AB - The precise mechanism by which human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) lyse antibody-coated target cells in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is unclear. Antiserum against purified human alpha-lymphotoxin (anti-LT serum) inhibited an ADCC reaction with human PBL as effector cells and antibody coated mouse P815 mastocytoma cells as targets. This observation suggests that alpha-lymphotoxin is instrumental in the destruction of antibody-coated targets. The inhibition was not due to a cytotoxic effect of the anti-LT serum on the PBL, nor was it caused by the presence of IgG aggregates. PBL incubated with cycloheximide were still cytotoxic in the ADCC system, although to a somewhat lower degree. This finding suggests that de novo protein synthesis not essential in the cytotoxic reaction. PMID- 6970217 TI - Human T cell colony formation in microculture: analysis of growth requirements and functional activities. AB - A microculture method in methylcellulose has been developed for the study of human T cell colony formation. The technique is simple, reliable, does not require preincubation with lectin and requires small numbers of cells. Colony formation was dependent on the presence of phytohemagglutin-conditioned medium, a T colony precursor cell (TCPC), and a "helper" or accessory T cell. Plating efficiency was increased 10-fold in the presence of irradiated feeder cells. Progenitors of the T colony cells were identified in peripheral blood, tonsil, and spleen but not in thymus or thoracic duct. They were isolated in the E rosetting, theophylline-resistant, Fc-IgG-negative cell populations. In peripheral blood the frequency of TCPC and accessory cells, the T colony forming unit, was estimated to be 8 X 10(-3). Colony cells proliferated in response to lectins and allogeneic cells. Forty to 80% of the cells were Ia-positive and stimulated both autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte responses. They were incapable of mediating antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. In contrast, they were effective in assays of spontaneous cytotoxicity but only against certain target cells. This method for the analysis of T colony formation should prove valuable in the functional analysis of T cell subsets in immunodeficiency states or the transplant recipient. PMID- 6970218 TI - Multiple subsets of anti-tetanus toxoid antibody-producing cells in human peripheral blood differ by size, expression of membrane receptors, and mitogen reactivity. PMID- 6970219 TI - B cell repertoire ontogeny: heritable but dissimilar development of parental and F1 repertoires. AB - This study examines the genetics of antibody repertoire ontogeny by the comparison of the repertoires in B10.D2, BALB/c, and (BALB X B10.D2)F1 mice at 12 to 14 days of age. This was accomplished by fine specificity analysis of clonotypes responsive to the influenza virus hemagglutinin in each strain. The results indicate that: a) neonatal antibody repertoires are in general less heterogeneous than their adult counterparts, which confirms and extends previous observations and reinforces the assertion that repertoire ontogeny is a heritable, patterned process; b) the BALB/c and B10.D2 neonatal repertoires differ from one another in clonotype compositions, facilitating genetic analyses of repertoire establishment; c) the BALB/c X B10.D2)F1 neonatal repertoire, although of restricted heterogeneity, is clearly dissimilar from either parental repertoire. These findings indicate that B cell repertoire ontogeny may be governed by heritable factors that interact with but are not necessarily themselves variable region structural genes. Furthermore, it appears that the expressed responsive B cell repertoire is a selected subset of the inherited potential repertoire. PMID- 6970220 TI - Identification of types of cells in human peripheral blood that bind C1q. AB - Earlier studies showed that approximately 26% of the cells present in human mononuclear cell preparations had the ability to bind purified monomeric C1q. The present studies were initiated to identify the cell types comprising the C1q binding population. Double marker fluorescence, rosetting, and morphologic studies on cell preparations depleted of or enriched in various cell types were simultaneously employed to identify those subpopulations that bound C1q. C1q binding was detected by fluorescent techniques (with FI-F(ab')2 anti-C1q). Monocytes in mononuclear cell preparations were detected by the ability to phagocytose carbonyl iron. B cells were identified by reactivity with rhodamine conjugated F(ab')2 anti-human F(ab')2 and by rosetting with erythrocytes bearing C3b. These studies showed that monocytes and B lymphocytes comprised the majority of C1q-binding cells in mononuclear cell preparations, whereas T lymphocytes lacked this property. In addition, a minor population of nonphagocytic cells in such preparations that lacked B and T cell markers also bound C1q. Finally, a high but variable proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes bound C1q. Binding of C1q to PMN was concentration-dependent, saturable and specific and exhibited an equilibrium constant of 0.76 X 10(7) M-1. Thus, PMN also possess a specific receptor for C1q. PMID- 6970221 TI - The production of anti-IgG2a autoantibody in the 129/Sv mouse: onset in the lymph nodes draining the intestinal tract and prevention by neonatal thymectomy. AB - The histological distribution of anti-IgG-secreting cells was studied by measuring the amount of anti-IgG autoantibodies produced in vitro by cells isolated from various lymphoid organs. Before 20 wk, the production of anti-IgG autoantibody in 129/Sv mice from our Institute predominated in the mesenteric and caudal lymph nodes, which both drain the intestinal tract. After 20 wk, the production extended to the spleen and bone marrow. At that time no production was detected in the mediastinal, lumbar, and inguinal lymph nodes. A similar distribution of anti-IgG-secreting cells was observed in 25-wk-old 129/J mice from the Jackson Laboratory. These data indicate that anti-IgG autoimmunity in the 129 primarily results from a local immune response, probably induced by a specific stimulus of intestinal origin. Neonatal thymectomy prevented the production of anti-IgG, demonstrating that the mesenteric anti-IgG production did not result from the direct stimulation of B lymphocytes by endotoxin-like polyclonal activators. It was found that the anti-IgG produced in vitro had the same narrow specificity against IgG2a as its serum counterpart, indicating that this specificity resulted from the selective stimulation of anti-IgG2a-secreting cells rather than from in vivo consumption of anti-IgG antibodies recognizing other IgG subclasses. PMID- 6970222 TI - Regulatory role of IgE-binding factors from rat T lymphocytes. V. formation of IgE-potentiating factor by T lymphocytes from rats treated with Bordetella pertussis vaccine. AB - An i.p. injection of Bordetella pertussis vaccine (BP) into rats induced the formation of soluble factors that had affinity for IgE (IgE-binding factors). The factor was detected in the serum of BP-treated animals 5 to 7 days after the treatment. Their circulating lymphocytes as well as spleen cells spontaneously released IgE-binding factors in the serum of BP-treated rats and those released from their circulating lymphocytes had affinity for lentil lectin, and the ability to selectively potentiate an in vitro IgE response of DNP-OA primed cells to homologous antigen. The molecular size of IgE-potentiating factor was between 10,000 and 20,000, and was comparable to that formed by lymphocytes of rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Evidence was obtained that IgE potentiating factor was derived from Fc epsilon R(+) T cells, with a T cell marker identified by monoclonal antibody W 3/25. Their production of IgE potentiating factor may be the basis of the adjuvant effect of BP on the IgE response. PMID- 6970223 TI - Age-associated increase in expression of the T cell surface markers Thy-1, Lyt-1, and Lyt-2 in congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice: analysis by flow microfluorometry. AB - The expression of T cell-associated surface markers by lymphoid cells from congenitally athymic (nude) mice has been quantitatively investigated using flow microfluorometry. Spleen and lymph nodes from old (greater than 6 mo) nude mice on either a C57BL/6 or BALB/c genetic background were found to contain significant numbers (5 to 13% in spleen and 15 to 24% in lymph nodes) of cells expressing Thy-1 antigen. The proportion of Thy-1 positive cells in nude spleen was dramatically increased (to 22 to 67%) after passage of the cells over nylon wool columns. In contrast to older animals, young (1- to 2-mo-old) nude mice had undetectable levels (less than 1%) of Thy-1 bearing cells in spleen and reduced levels (6%) in lymph nodes. After passage of their spleen cells over nylon wool, some Thy-1 positive cells (10%) were detectable in 2-mo-old nude mice but none were detectable at 1 mo. In addition to Thy-1, we were able to detect the T cell alloantigens Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 on nylon wool-passed spleen cells from older C57BL/6 or BALB/c nu/nu mice. In general, the proportion of Lyt-1 bearing cells in nude lymphoid populations was similar to the proportion of Thy-1 positive cells. A smaller fraction of nude cells (corresponding to 35 to 59% of the total Thy-1 positive cells) were found to express Lyt-2. Analysis of the forward light scatter distributions of nude lymphoid cells bearing either Thy-1, Lyt-1, or Lyt 2 antigens further demonstrated that an overlapping population of relatively large-size cells expressed these surface markers. These data strongly imply that at least 2 subsets of T cells (i.e., Lyt-1+2- and Lyt-1+2+) develop in older nude mice in the apparent absence of thymic influence. PMID- 6970224 TI - Lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgE. V. Effect of tunicamycin on the formation of IgE-potentiating factor and IgE-suppressive factor by con A activated lymphocytes. AB - Attempts were made to induce the formation of soluble factors having affinity for IgE (IgE-binding factors) by activated T cells. Normal rat mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells were cultured in 1 microgram/ml Con A for 48 hr or in 10 microgram/ml Con A for 72 hr, and Con A-activated lymphocytes were incubated with rat IgE. It was found that IgE induced an increase in the proportion of Fc epsilon R(+) cells in the Con A-activated cells and formation of IgE-binding factors. However, the nature of IgE-binding factors formed by the cells were different depending on the concentration of Con A for activation. Thus, IgE-binding factors formed by 10 microgram/ml Con A-activated cells had a high affinity for lentil lectin and enhanced the IgE-forming cell response of DNP-OA primed cells. In contrast, the majority of IgE-binding factors formed by 1 microgram/ml Con A-activated cells failed to bind to lentil lectin and suppressed the IgE response. Induction of Fc epsilon R by IgE on Con A-activated cells was prevented by tunicamycin, which inhibits protein glycosylation. This antibiotic did not prevent the IgE-induced formation of IgE-binding factors but changed the nature of the factors formed by 10 microgram/ml Con A-activated cells. The majority of IgE-binding factors formed in the presence of tunicamycin lacked affinity for lentil lectin and Con A, and suppressed, rather than enhanced, the IgE response. The nature and amount of IgE binding factors formed by 1 microgram/ml Con A-activated cells was not affected by tunicamycin. The results suggest that glycosylation of IgE-binding factors during their biosynthesis is an important step in determining their biologic function. PMID- 6970225 TI - Frequency analysis of immunoglobulin V-gene expression and functional reactivities in bone marrow B cells. AB - Frequency of immunocompetent B cells in bone marrow has been determined in vitro under culture conditions that allow the development in vitro under culture conditions that allow the development of every growth-inducible B cell into a clone of IgM-secreting PFC. Three limiting dilution culture systems were employed: a specific helper assay with SRBC as antigen and using activated T helper cells, a nonspecific helper assay using Con A-induced factors as a source of help, and polyclonal activation with LPS. From unseparated, normal C57BL/6J bone marrow 1 in 2200 to 1 in 2820 B cells were induced to form a clone of PFC to SRBC in each of the 3 systems. This corresponds to a frequency of 1 SRBC-specific clone in every 900 IgM-secreting LPS-reactive clones. The frequencies of specific plaque-forming B cell clones in terms of LPS-reactive B cells was 1 in 36 for NNP1-SRBC, 1 in 58 for TNP30-SRBC, 1 in 75 for NIP1-SRBC, and 1 in 230 for TNP3 SRBC. These frequencies of v-gene expression in bone marrow B cells are of the same magnitude as the corresponding frequencies for splenic B cells. Bone marrow B cells are also fully susceptible to stimulation by antigen in combination with either specific or nonspecific T cell help, as well as polyclonal activation by LPS, since every 3rd Ig-positive cells in marrow could be induced to form a clone of IgM-secreting cells. There is thus no difference in immunocompetence between surface Ig-bearing B cells from bone marrow and spleen. PMID- 6970226 TI - Evidence for homologues of the murine I-A and I-E loci in the rat MHC. AB - Various anti-Ia mouse alloantisera were examined for cross-reactivity with rat lymphocytes. Many of them were found to cross-react with rat spleen cells with anti-Ia-type (40 to 60%) killing. Likewise, mouse antisera raised against rat lymphocytes cross-reacted with mouse cells, and some of these reactions could be mapped within the I-A subregion and some within the I-E/C subregion of the mouse H-2 complex. Using such cross-reactive mouse alloantisera and a defined anti-MHC rat alloantiserum (BN anti-LEW), SDS-PAGE analyses were performed on an NP-40 extract of internally labeled LEW antigen. The cross-reactive mouse alloantisera precipitated Ia-like glycoproteins (35,000 and 28,000 m.w.), which could be completely removed by pretreatment with the rat anti-MHC antiserum. The cross reactive anti-I-A and anti-I-E/C mouse antibodies were found to react with 2 different classes of rat Ia molecules by sequential precipitation analysis. On the basis of the specificity of the mouse alloantibodies, one Ia molecule appears to be a homologue of the murine I-A antigens and the other a homologue of the murine I-E antigens. Preabsorption of LEW antigen with cross-reactive anti-I-A and anti-I-E/C mouse alloantibodies together did not leave a detectable amount of residual Ia molecules precipitable with the rat alloantiserum, which indicates that there is probably no other major class of rat Ia molecules. These results support the hypothesis that these 2 major classes of Ia molecules have evolved independently from distinct primordial genes. PMID- 6970227 TI - Synergism between two helper cell subpopulations characterized by different radiosensitivity and nylon adherence. AB - The present work extends our previous results on the radiosensitivity of the helper cell function. Two helper cell subpopulations, 1 radiosensitive and the other radioresistant, have been demonstrated in the spleen of mice at different times after priming with HRBC. The radiosensitive subpopulation increases with the increasing time interval between carrier-priming and irradiation. The 2 cell subpopulations have been further characterized by different nylon adherence properties: radioresistant helper cells adhere to nylon wool, whereas radiosensitive cells pass through. The 2 cell subpopulations were separated by x irradiation and nylon wool filtration, and their helper activity was assessed separately or after recombination. The results favor the notion that 2 functionally independent helper T cells, as characterized by different radiosensitivity and nylon adherence, participate synergistically in the helper activity of primed spleen cells. PMID- 6970228 TI - Phylogeny of NK cell reactivity against human and nonhuman primate lymphoblastoid cell lines: evolving and conserved target antigens. AB - Both human and nonhuman primate natural killer (NK) cells display little or no killing against allogeneic B lymphoblastoid cell lines. However, the same B cell lines are killed in baboon-human (B alpha H) or human-baboon (H alpha B) xenogeneic combinations. Competition-inhibition experiments indicate that the xenogeneic determinants recognized by NK cells are found principally if not exclusively on B rather than T target cells. Cell lines from closely related chimpanzee or orang-utan species can block some killing of human target cells, but lines from more distantly related species including gibbon, macaque, baboon, and marmoset do not inhibit cytotoxicity. This suggests that some NK target structures are susceptible to evolutionary change. Gibbon or marmoset lines infected with Epstein Barr virus (EBV) do not block killing, suggesting that host rather than viral determinants are being recognized. In contrast to the foregoing pattern, 2 cell lines derived from the same baboon differed in susceptibility to NK lysis irrespective of the effector cell species. The viral producer line 13CB 1 was more susceptible to lysis than its viral nonproducer partner 26CB-1. Thus, some NK target antigens may be highly conserved whereas others evolve with the species. PMID- 6970229 TI - Continuous in vitro culture of human T lymphocytes. AB - A method for continuous culture of human T lymphocytes by stimulation with irradiated lymphocytes, lymphoblastoid cells, and phytohaemagglutinin is described. Cultures can be maintained for at least 9 months. Growth appears to be dependent on a soluble factor released by lymphocytes when they are stimulated with lymphoblastoid cells and phytohaemagglutinin. PMID- 6970230 TI - Biochemical separation of interleukin 2. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a class of T cell growth factors produced by T cells of a number of species. The unique growth-promoting properties of these molecules allow the development of antigen-specific effector T cell lines which can be used to analyze the molecular basis of lymphocyte interactions. A murine T cell tumor line has been identified as a source of IL-2. The purification and biochemical properties of murine IL-2 are described, and compared with rat and human Il-2. PMID- 6970231 TI - Antibody synthesis in vitro, a marker of B cell differentiation. PMID- 6970232 TI - Biophysical characterization of normal T-lymphocytes and Sezary cells. AB - Blood lymphocytes from 18 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (Sezary syndrome and mycosis fungoides) were characterized using multiparameter laser flow microfluorimetry (FMF) and automated image analysis (AIA) and the results correlated with routine blood smears, cytogenetic studies and observations made on PHA-stimulated normal T-lymphocytes in vitro. Specimens from all 9 patients with Sezary syndrome and 5 of 9 patients with mycosis fungoides contained one or more discrete subpopulations of neoplastic (Sezary) lymphocytes that were detected by FMF. Studies with AIA demonstrated that neoplastic T-lymphocytes are distinguished from normal quiescent (G0) lymphocytes not only by alterations in DNA content (aneuploidy) but also by chromatin structuring (increased chromatin dispersion), which may be a more sensitive index of neoplastic transformation than ploidy levels. In several patients, small and large Sezary cells were present with DNA-chromatin properties quite similar to normal cycling G1 and G2 lymphocytes respectively, but their presence was not explained by an increase in proliferative activity in the blood. These findings indicate that Sezary syndrome consists of a heterogeneous group of related disorders differing in terms of the Sezary cell population. The response to treatment and prognosis may differ accordingly. PMID- 6970234 TI - Intralitter transmission of haemophilus influenzae type b in infant rats and rifampin eradication of nasopharyngeal colonization. AB - The dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization, bacteremia, and transmission of infection due to Haemophilus influenzae type b in infant rats were studied. Intranasal inoculation resulted in nasal colonization in 99% and bacteremia in 88% of infant rats. H. influenzae type b was transmitted to 93% of exposed, uninoculated littermates. Pretreatment with burro antibody to H. influenzae type b prevented bacteremia but not nasal colonization. Rifampin, in a dose of 20 mg/kg twice daily for two days, was 97% and 100% effective in eradicating two strains of H. influenzae type b from the nasopharynx. Efficacies of 10 mg/kg twice daily and 5 mg/kg twice daily for two days were 86% and 6%, respectively. No rifampin-resistant isolates were encountered in animals still colonized after rifampin therapy. This model for haemophilus colonization and intralitter transmission could be used to evaluate other chemoprophylactic agents and may provide additional insight into the epidemiology and immunology of haemophilus infections. PMID- 6970233 TI - Breast milk antibody to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Breast milk has a high concentration of secretory immunoglobulin and potentially could serve as a source of passive antibody protection of infants against systemic invasion by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Specific antibody to the capsular polysaccharide of this organism was detected in the colostrum and all subsequent milk samples in 11 of 12 women with a radioactive antigen binding assay. The geometric mean concentrations of antibody were 1.99 microgram/ml in colostrum and 0.18 microgram/ml in breast milk at six weeks and after four and one-half to six months of lactation. Antibody levels in colostrum correlated positively with those in subsequent milk samples; levels after six weeks of lactation correlated highly with those present after four and one-half to six months of lactation. IgA was the predominant immunoglobulin class of anticapsular antibody in the colostrum and milk samples as detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 6970235 TI - [Disappearance of abnormal Q waves after aortocoronary bypass surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970237 TI - [Effects or oral microorganisms on the immune responses. II. Mechanisms of their enhancing effect on antibody formation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970236 TI - [Survival and late results following left ventricular aneurysmectomy with or without aortocoronary bypass grafting (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970238 TI - Platelet factor 4 levels in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6970241 TI - Hospital corporate liability for inadequate quality assurance in Pennsylvania. PMID- 6970240 TI - Compensation for human research subjects: reform ahead of its time? PMID- 6970239 TI - Sound localization. Part II: a clinical procedure. AB - Difficulty in localizing sound has been shown to be associated with severe unilateral hearing impairment, middle-ear conditions and lesions of the cerebello pontine angle. This was in contrast to the performance of subjects with cochlear lesions and certain brain conditions who had mainly normal ability to localize sound. The investigation appeared to indicate that a sound localization test in the horizontal plane using low frequency stimuli may be a useful addition to the test battery employed in the differential diagnosis of cochlear and retrocochlear lesions involving the cerebello-pontine angle. PMID- 6970242 TI - The breast cancer controversy & its implications for the informed consent doctrine. PMID- 6970243 TI - The defective child and the actions for wrongful life and wrongful birth. PMID- 6970244 TI - Explanation in medicine: the problem-oriented approach. PMID- 6970246 TI - Relationships between selenium and other parameters in drinking water and blood of subjects from high and low cardiovascular disease rate areas of Georgia. AB - Plasma, erythrocyte and home tap water samples were taken from life-long residents of two counties (Evans-rural and Chatham-urban) in the high cardiovascular disease (CVD) belt of southeastern Georgia and from Habersham County, a rural county of North Georgia which is outside of the CVD belt. One half of the subjects from each cohort had a serious CVD problem and the remaining half were healthy controls. Water samples were analyzed for hardness, total dissolved solids, pH and selenium (Se) content. Blood samples were analyzed for Se (by neutron activation analysis) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx). Se levels in all water samples were less than 0.01 ppb. Water hardness and total dissolved solids levels were higher in the CVD belt counties. There were no significant differences (P greater than 0.05), but water hardness and total dissolved solid levels were inversely correlated (p greater than 0.01) with the activity of erythrocyte GSHPx, a selenium containing enzyme which detoxifies oxidized fats. PMID- 6970245 TI - Racemization effects on melanocyte-stimulating hormones and related peptides. AB - Heat-alkali treatment of synthetic alpha- and beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH), known to cause racemization of amino acids within the peptides, results in prolongation of the darkening (melanophore dispersion) effect of these hormones on frog and lizard skins in vitro. Skins remain darkened for hours or even days if supramaximal concentrations of the racemized hormones are used. This response can be partially reversed by melatonin or noradrenaline. Heat-alkali treatment of alpha-MSH at either 60 or 97 degrees C results in a retardation of the response of the skins to the racemized peptides. In contrast, the response of frog skins to heat-alkali-treated beta-MSH is immediately enhanced and potentiated. Heat-alkali treatment also prolongs and potentiates the activity of synthetic [des-acetyl]-alpha-MSH (in contrast to the retardation effect on the natural acetylated peptide). These data suggest a role for the N-acetyl group in the retardation phenomenon. The activity of synthetic [2-D-tyrosine]-alpha-MSh is much lower than that of alpha-MSH itself, indicating that heat-alkali treatment of the hormone may produce either potentiation or partial inactivation of the peptide, depending on the site of racemization. PMID- 6970247 TI - Baroreflex sensitivity in an amphibian, rana catesbeiana, and a reptilian, Pseudemys scripta elegans. AB - An inverse relationship between heart rate and systematic arterial pressure is demonstrated in unanesthetized bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and red-eared turtles (Pseudemys scripta elegans). Drug-induced elevation of systemic blood pressure resulted in proportional decreases in heart rate and lengthening of the pulse interval. Conversely, nitroglycerin-induced decreases in blood pressure produced compensatory increases in heart rate. This relationship in frogs is defined by y = 25.4x + 1684, and in turtles by y = 64.8x + 1686, where y is pulse interval in msec and x is systolic blood pressure in mmHg. Resting and drug-induced systolic pressure limits were not different in the two species. However, both resting and reflexly altered heart rates were significantly lower in turtles than in frogs (p < .05). The heart rate responses were abolished by atropinization, without effect on the blood pressure responses. While anatomic identification of the baroreceptor site sensing the pressure changes remains to be made, the translation of pressure information via reflex pathways analogous to mammalian baroreceptor reflex arc system is evidenced in these lower vertebrates. PMID- 6970248 TI - Replication and expression of rubella virus in human lymphocyte populations. AB - Human mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) from peripheral blood were examined for their ability to support the replication of rubella virus (RV) after infection in vitro. Replication was shown to occur in mixed lymphocytes and to be enhanced by stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin or pokeweek mitogen. A comparison of RV polypeptide synthesis in lymphocytes and RK13 cells showed no major differences in the polypeptides induced by infection. However, cellular translation was inhibited in the lymphocytes facilitating identification of virus polypeptides and eliminating the need for hypertonic labelling conditions used with RK13 cells. RV replication was also shown to occur in sub-populations of T cells but not in B-cells. However, RV could be rescued from the B and monocyte population by co-cultivation with RK13 cells. PMID- 6970250 TI - Congenital ventriculocisternostomy. Case report. AB - A case of congenital ventriculocisternostomy is reported. This infant presented with occipital meningocele. Conray ventriculography demonstrated a spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy and stenosis of the aqueduct. The case is discussed and pertinent literature reviewed. PMID- 6970249 TI - Spontaneous lateral ventriculocisternostomy documented by metrizamide CT ventriculography. Case report. AB - In a patient with partially shunted obstructive hydrocephalus from a third ventricular astrocytoma, metrizamide ventriculography combined with computerized tomography demonstrated spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy with passage of contrast material from the atrium into the choroid fissure and posterior subarachnoid space. PMID- 6970251 TI - Needle biopsy of tumors in the region of the third ventricle. AB - Twenty-six patients underwent needle biopsy of tumors in the area of the third ventricle. Operative mortality was zero, and the diagnosis was established in 23 of the 26 patients. There was no permanent neurological deterioration in any of the patients. Needle biopsy yields diagnostic information with small risk, and is particularly helpful in the posterior portion of the third ventricle where tumors are likely to be quite radiosensitive. PMID- 6970252 TI - Computerized tomography studies of congenital and acquired cerebral intraventricular membranes. Report of two cases. AB - The role of intraventricular membranes in recurrent shunt failure is explored in two cases using computerized tomography (CT) with intraventricular metrizamide and air ventriculography. One patient who had hydrocephalus with congenital intraventricular membranes containing neurons had a good ultimate response, although he had undergone seven shunt revisions before the membranes were discovered. The other patient with postventriculitis membranes had a complicated course. The effects of shunt malposition and intraventricular antibiotic treatment are discussed. It is determined that certain clues from CT scans, plain film, and air ventriculography may indicate the presence of membranes contributing to repeated shunt failure and that the use of intraventricular metrizamide with CT facilitates the diagnosis. PMID- 6970253 TI - Seven-pinhole emission tomography with thallium-201 in patients with prior myocardial infarction. AB - Thirty-six patients with prior myocardial infarction, and 14 patients without, had myocardial imaging at rest using both seven-pinhole emission tomography and planar imaging with thallium-201. The sensitivity and specificity of the two approaches for the detection of prior myocardial infarction were compared. Qualitatively, planar imaging yielded sensitivities of 69% (25 of 36) and 80% (29 of 36) with Polaroid and video display formats, respectively. A semiquantitative analysis gave a sensitivity of 75% (27 of 36). Specificities for these three planar approaches were, respectively, 100% (14 of 14), 93% (13 of 14), and 71% (10 of 14) for the Polaroid, video, and semiquantitative analyses. Seven-pinhole tomography had a sensitivity of 83% (30 of 36) by qualitative or visual inspection and 86% (31 of 36) by semiquantitative analysis. Specificities by these two techniques were 71% (10 of 14) and 57% (8 of 14). There were no statistically significant differences in either sensitivity or specificity between the planar and tomographic approaches. Repeat seven-pinhole images were identical in 95% (46 of 48) of patients, showing that reproducibility was satisfactory. We conclude that the seven-pinhole tomographic approach has no advantage over standard planar imaging in the detection of prior myocardial infarction. PMID- 6970254 TI - F-18-labeled 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose for the study of regional metabolism in the brain and heart. AB - Glucose is the major physiological substrate of the brain and an important physiological substrate for the myocardium. [19F]fluoro-3-deoxy-glucose [3-FDG(F 18)] was studied to determine whether it is a suitable tracer for evaluating the metabolic function of the brain and myocardium. 3-FDG(F-18) was rapidly accumulated in the mouse myocardium (10-12% injected dose/g) and remained constant up to 120 min. Blood, liver, and lung activities exhibited a rapid accumulation of activity (4% injected dose/g) at 1 min, followed by elimination of activity up to 30 min (2% injected dose/g), and then remaining unchanged for a period of 120 min. The arterial blood curve in the dog was fit best by three exponential components (T 1/2 = 0.52 min, 2.75 min, and 142.8 min). Transverse section images were obtained of the dog's brain and myocardium. From sequential two-dimensional images, a clearance half-time of 26.88 min was determined for the canine brain. Radiation doses for man were calculated from tissue distribution data for mice. PMID- 6970257 TI - [Clinical application of adaptive changes in the vestibuloocular reflex by prism reversal of vision (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970256 TI - [The relation between pneumatization of human temporal bone and development of the vestibular aqueduct (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970255 TI - Loss of color vision and Stiles' II1 mechanism in a patient with cerebral infarction. AB - A 70-year old man developed achromatopsia with bilateral loss of superior visual fields and an inability to recognize familiar faces (prosopagnosia). Ophthalmologic examination results were normal. Visual acuity was 20/25 in either eye. Computerized axial tomography of the brain revealed infarction of the inferior aspect of the temporal occipital cortex in both hemispheres. The patient's complaint that objects appeared only in shades of gray was supported by large errors made throughout the spectrum on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test and by matches over the entire red/green range on the Nagel anomaloscope. Although absolute scotopic and photopic thresholds were unremarkable, the increment thresholds to a 482-nm test on a red background increased monotonically as if the II1 mechanism were absent. In addition, the spectral sensitivity to large test flashes on an intense red background peaked in the middle rather than in the short-wave portion of the spectrum, as is normally found. We speculate that the chromatic channel is compromised. The patient's residual vision is mediated by a luminance channel that is subserved by the middle and long--but not the short--wave cone mechanisms. PMID- 6970258 TI - Plasma exchange in selected patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Plasma exchange with either fresh-frozen plasma or 5% albumin solution as replacement fluid was performed in four selected patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis unresponsive to standard therapy. One 13-year-old boy with life-threatening systemic disease experienced a partial remission of disease and tolerated a decrease in prednisone dose from 15 to 4 mg daily following 14 exchanges with FFP. A 14-year-old girl, dwarfed by systemic disease and long-term corticosteroid therapy, was able to discontinue prednisone and grew 6.3 cm in 11 months following 18 plasma exchanges with FFP. An 8-year-old girl with pauciarticular disease, antinuclear antibody, and uncontrollable iridocyclitis underwent 16 plasma exchanges with 5% albumin solution as replacement; despite removal of antinuclear antibody, her eye disease and arthritis were not helped. A 16-year-old girl with erosive, polyarticular JRA showed no detectable change in her articular disease following nine exchanges. Transient decreases in hematocrit, complement components, and immunoglobulin concentrations occurred. In three patients Westergren sedimentation rate decreased for up to five months after exchanges. One patient died suddenly during an exchange with FFP; the cause of death appeared related to microemboli of unknown nature found in the lungs at autopsy. Plasma exchange should be done only in an intensive care setting and as a research procedure for children with JRA. PMID- 6970259 TI - Hypermagnesemia from antacid administration in a newborn infant. PMID- 6970260 TI - Responses of B-cells to mitogens and antigen in mice receiving isogenic splenocytes from animals treated with Trichinella extract. AB - Splenocytes of C57BL/6J mice injected with a Trichinella spiralis larval extract for 7 consecutive days were transferred in two doses into isogenic, immunocompetent mice. On the 3rd day, some recipients were immunized with 10(9) sheep red blood cells and others were killed to investigate blastogenic response of their splenocytes to concanavalin A (Con A), Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Mycobacterium's purified protein derivative (PPD). On the 8th day of immunization, the corresponding mice were killed to study rosette-forming cells (RFC) and direct and indirect plaque-forming cells (D- and I-PFC) in their spleens. Transfer of 10(6) cells depressed the Con A reactivity and the number of RFC and 1-PFC, but increased the PPD reactivity and the number of D-PFC in the recipients, as compared to control mice receiving splenocytes from donors injected with a saline solution. Ten million cells inhibited only the Con A reactivity, but enhanced the number of LPS- and PPD-responding cells and of D-PFC in the recipients over the controls. Inoculation of cells from mice injected with bovine serum albumin did not reproduce the same effects. Splenocytes of mice treated with T. spiralis extract simultaneously inhibit and enhance diverse functions of the immune system. Stimulation is exerted on IgG antibody production and appears to be mediated by suppressor T-cells. Stimulation is exerted mainly on IgM antibody formation. Depression seems to be antigen specific; it is partially compensated by the concurrent suppression, and it is probably a result of macrophage activation. PMID- 6970261 TI - An analysis of tolazoline therapy in the critically-ill neonate. AB - There were 47 seriously-ill neonates with medical causes of respiratory distress and 10 infants with severe respiratory distress secondary to a congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated with tolazoline according to a strict protocol designed to manage persistent fetal circulation (PFC). Of the 47 infants, 28 (60%) had a positive response defined as an increase in the pO2 greater than or equal to 24 mm Hg within 4 hr of beginning the drug. Of 7 infants, 4 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia had a positive response. The mean increase in the pO2 for the 47 infants was statistically significant (p less than .05). Of the 47 infants with medical disorders, 27 survived (survival 57%), whereas only 2 of the 10 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and severe persistent fetal circulation survived (survival 28%). Erythema (60%), hematest positive gastric aspirates (55%), thrombocytopenia (45%), hyponatremia (40%) and increased gastric aspirates (36%) were the most common adverse effects occurring during tolazoline infusion. Hypotension occurred in nine cases, but was transient. Of the 27 survivors, 20 with medical causes of persistent fetal circulation were evaluated at age 1 yr. Eighty percent of these infants studied were considered normal as defined by an MDI and PI of the Bayley Scales of greater than or equal to 70. These data suggest that tolazoline is a useful adjunct in the management of neonates with PFC. In addition, tolazoline was more effective in mechanically ventilated neonates treated with respiratory paralytic agents. Although tolazoline resulted in a significant improvement in the paO2 in 4 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, it did not appear to improve mortality in these infants. PMID- 6970262 TI - [Studies on the syntheses of analgesics. LIII. Synthesis of 3-(4-substituted phenyl)-2-oxobutanamide derivatives (studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. DCCCXLV) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970263 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for benzocaine and p-aminobenzoic acid including preliminary stability data. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed that separates and quantitates benzocaine and its primary degradation product, p-aminobenzoic acid. This method is rapid, sensitive, and specific. Preliminary stability data obtained with this method demonstrate its utility for this purpose. PMID- 6970264 TI - Human monocyte stimulation of fibroblast growth by a soluble mediator(s). PMID- 6970265 TI - Screening for occult gastrointestinal bleeding in hospital patients. AB - Stools have been tested for occult gastrointestinal bleeding in 278 outpatients and 170 hospital inpatients using the Haemoccult and Haemastix methods. Seventeen outpatients (6.1%) and 42 inpatients (24%) were positive with the Haemoccult technique. Thirty-three outpatients (11.9%) and 93 inpatients (54.7%) were positive with the Haemastix test. Following investigation of the Haemoccult positive patients, only 2 cases (3.4%) were considered false positive. However, the false positive rate with Haemastix was 22.9% which is unacceptable in a screening test. Haemoccult may be useful as a screening test for asymptomatic general practice patients, but a test of greater sensitivity is needed for hospital patients. PMID- 6970266 TI - Bone marrow modulaton of spontaneous killer cellular cytotoxicity (SKCC) induction. PMID- 6970268 TI - Height, weight, height velocity and weight velocity in school-age Bangkok children. PMID- 6970267 TI - Oestrogen-induced immunoregulation mediated through the thymus. PMID- 6970270 TI - Three-dimensional organization of plasmalemmal vesicles in endothelial cells. An analysis by serial sectioning of frog mesenteric capillaries. PMID- 6970269 TI - Trabecular network in adult skeletal muscle. PMID- 6970271 TI - Details of circulatory system, chest yielding to computed tomography. PMID- 6970273 TI - New technology for coronary heart disease. PMID- 6970272 TI - Rifampin prophylaxis for contacts of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. AB - Rifampin prophylaxis (20 mg/kg once daily for four days) was used in close contacts of children with Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) disease. Two hours after a dose, the concentration of rifampin in serum and saliva exceeded the minimum bactericidal concentrations of organisms obtained from four of the carriers. In both a randomized prospective and an open study, nasopharyngeal carriage was eradicated in 37 (95%) of 39 contacts. No cases of serious H influenzae disease occurred in four to six months of follow-up. At the dose and treatment schedule used, rifampin was safe and effective for eradication of HIB carriage. PMID- 6970274 TI - Selected techniques in interventional radiology. PMID- 6970275 TI - Control of massive bleeding from hemorrhoidal veins. PMID- 6970276 TI - [Immunoglobulin synthesizing lymphocytes and in vitro IgG secretion in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970277 TI - [An autopsy case of adult T-cell leukemia with extensive involvement of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970278 TI - [Studies on the PUVA (psoralen plus UVA) therapy of psoriasis. II. Histological findings of the treated skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970279 TI - [An electron microscopic observation on localized scleroderma, with special reference to lymphatic vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970280 TI - [Effects of indomethacin on psoriasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970282 TI - [Clinical evaluation of tonsillectomy in palmoplantar pustulosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970281 TI - [Effects of topically used prostaglandins E1, E2, F2 alpha on psoriatic lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970284 TI - [Two cases of pseudoxanthoma elasticum with massive gastric hemorrhage among the siblings (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970283 TI - [Studies on the PUVA (psoralen plus UVA) therapy of psoriasis. 1. Clinical evaluation of long-term treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970285 TI - [Immunosenescence and defense mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970286 TI - A quantitative study of the inhibitory effect of Na+ and Mg2+ on the Ca2+ response of water fibers in the frog tongue. PMID- 6970288 TI - Reactivation process of calcium current-independent tonic tension in bullfrog atrium. AB - The time constant of reactivation process of ICa-independent tonic tension in bullfrog atrial muscle was temperature-dependent and cyanide-sensitive. The cyanide effect and the Q10 value (2.8) of the time constant of the reactivation process suggest that the tonic tension is at least partially mediated by some metabolic process. PMID- 6970289 TI - General properties of antimony microelectrode in comparison with glass microelectrode for pH measurement. AB - Two kinds of pH-sensitive microelectrodes were constructed: 1) glass microelectrode with a pH-sensitive tip of 50--100 micrometers in length, and 2) antimony (Sb) microelectrode with a tip of 1--5 micrometers in outside diameter. Comparisons of the two were made on the change in the electromotive force (EMF) in response to various pHs and biological applicability. The pH sensitivity (slope constant) at 20 degrees C of the glass and Sb-microelectrodes averaged 51.7 and 51.9 (-mV/pH), respectively. Over the pH range of 2 to 9, both electrodes responded linearly to the change of pH. The pH-dependent EMF of the Sb microelectrode was influenced by phosphate buffers, but not by Tris-HCl buffers. Through the glass microelectrode showed a linear response to all the buffers tested, its slope constant tended to be limited by the surface area of the pH sensitive tip. The stability of the EMFs was well within 1 mV for 12 hr with the glass microelectrode but more than 10 mV with the Sb-microelectrode. One the other hand, the 95% response time was about 1 min with the glass microelectrode, whereas it was less than a few seconds with the Sb-microelectrode. Blood pH was measured with the two electrodes and reasonable values were obtained with both methods, although the values by use of the Sb-microelectrode were slightly higher than those of the other. In view of the practical ease of manufacturing, maintenance and durability, the use of the Sb-microelectrode in biological measurement should also be re-evaluated, but several restrictions must be imposed on it. PMID- 6970287 TI - Effect of cadmium on active sodium transport by the abdominal skin and the isolated epidermis of the bullfrog: differences in effects between epidermal and dermal cadmium applications. AB - Epidermal application of 2 mM-cadmium (Cd2+) to the SO42---Ringer's solution bathing the whole frog skin increased its short circuit current (SCC) significantly, whereas the dermal application did not, in most cases. When Cd2+ was applied to the epidermal side, the uptake of cadmium by the skin was approximately 150 microM/kg wet weight, but the uptake by the skin from the dermal side was about eight times as large. In the isolated epidermis, the epidermal application of Cd2+ increased the SCC, whereas the dermal application decreased it. The amount of cadmium taken up by the isolated epidermis was approximately the same when the cation was applied to either epidermal or dermal side. These seemingly contradictory results can probably be explained by the barrier-hypothesis which is supported by the results of an electron probe X-ray microanalysis. In the case of the epidermal application, the junction between s. corneum and s. granulosum may act as an outside barrier for cadmium translocation. For the dermal application of Cd2+, the sieve layer in the dermis, where a large amount of calcium is deposited, may probably exert its effects as an inside barrier by the mechanism of Cd-Ca exchange process. Tela subcutanea, the basement membrane and its adjacent tissue may be also inside barriers, though their role as a diffusion barrier may be considered to be weaker than that of the sieve layer. PMID- 6970290 TI - Physicochemical characteristics of antimony microelectrode with special reference to selection of standard buffers. AB - 1) Antimony (Sb) microelectrodes with tips of 2 to 5 micrometers in outside diameter were constructed, and their electromotive forces (EMF) were tested in response to the pH of several calibration buffers. The data were compared with those of glass pH electrodes. 2) Increasing ionic strength (I) caused a significant deviation in pH readings of the Sb-microelectrode (delta pHSb-Glass). The above salt effect was empirically given by delta pHSb-Glass = 0.017--0.125 I (I = 0.09--0.22) 3) Even with the correction for ionic strength, the values of delta pHSb-Glass were still dependent on the nature of calibration buffers employed. Among various buffers, Tris buffer [Tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane, (THAM)] had the least disturbance on the Sb-microelectrode, and bicarbonate had also relatively minor effect. 4) The pH value according to the Sb-electrode was caused to deviate considerably by phosphate. The effect of phosphate within the range of 1 to 67 mM can be predicted by 1/delta pHSb-Glass = 1 + (0.174/[PO4]) 5) Like phosphates, BES [N, N-Bis (2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid] also had a significant effect on the EMF of the Sb-microelectrode. 6) Upon consideration of the above facts, measurements of several biological fluids, such as those of the in vivo pH of intratubular fluid of bullfrog kidney were carried out with the Sb-microelectrode calibrated by 90 mM Tris buffer. 7) Thus, it was concluded that the Sb-microelectrode when properly calibrated could be used for the pH measurement of ultraminute amounts of biological samples. PMID- 6970291 TI - Incremental conduction velocity of single afferent fibers innervating frog taste organ. AB - The mean diameter of myelinated afferent fibers from the taste disk located on the frog tongue was 5.5 micrometers within the fungiform papillae and increased at a rate of 0.8 micrometers/cm length of fibers. A gradual increase in conduction velocity of single afferent fibers from the taste disk was confirmed electrophysiologically. PMID- 6970292 TI - Temperature coefficient of and oxygen effect on the antimony microelectrode. AB - With regard to pH measurement of biological fluids in vivo with metal-metal oxide microelectrodes, the effect of temperature and partial pressure of oxygen on antimony (Sb) microelectrodes was examined, and pH of blood was estimated in the bullfrog. The temperature coefficient (dE/dt) of electromotive force (EMF) of Sb microelectrodes in the range of 7 to 37 degrees C was -1.18 +/- 0.113 mV/degrees C (mean +/- SEM) in Ringer solution, whereas that of the pH glass electrode in the same solution was -0.43 +/- 0.035 mV/degrees C. When estimated in Tris buffer solution, it was -0.06 +/- 0.063 mV/degrees C for Sb-microelectrodes and 1.05 + 0.036 mV/degrees C for glass electrodes. The change of slope constant (alpha in mV/pH) in the Sb-microelectrode due to temperature change could be predicted empirically from: alpha = 0.40 (t-25) + 55.3, where t represents the measuring temperature in degrees C. The resultant deviation of pH reading between Sb and glass electrodes, delta pHSb-Glass, may be expressed by: delta pHSb-Glass = 0.00183 (t-25) +0.016. In the range of 45 to 760 mmHg of oxygen partial pressure it fixed pH, the EMF increased linearly with the increase of Po2, the slope (dE/dlog(Po2)) being 11.7 +/- 0.42 (SEM) mV (n = 13, t = 25 degrees C). In consideration of the above effects, the blood pH of bullfrog was estimated to be 7.697 +/- 0.092 (SD) and 7.729 +/- 0.111 with glass and Sb-microelectrodes respectively, the difference between the two being relatively minor. PMID- 6970294 TI - [Long term result of aorto-coronary bypass grafting (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970293 TI - The effect of diffusible ions on the peritubular membrane potential of proximal tubular cells in perfused bullfrog kidneys. AB - Effects of extracellular diffusible ions, such as K+, Cl- and HCO3- (pH), on the peritubular membrane potential (EM) and intracellular activities of K+, (K)i, or Cl-, (Cl)i, were studied in the perfused proximal tubule of bullfrog kidneys with K+ or Cl- -selective microelectrodes. In steady-state conditions, in which both the peritubular and luminal sides were perfused with control Ringer solutions, the K+ equilibrium potential (EK) always exceeded the EM by approximately 19 mV and correlated well with the EM (correlation coefficient r = 0.78), whereas no correlation was recognized between the equilibrium potential of Cl-(ECl) and the EM. In the quick peritubular perfusion experiments, in which the extracellular diffusible ions were changed, the (K)i and (Cl)i were maintained relatively stable. The following facts were observed: (1) At constant EK, decreasing the peritubular chloride (Cl)e produced a small degree of hyperpolarization of the EM instead of depolarization. (2) At constant ECl, increasing the (K)e depolarized the EM. (3) At constant PCO2, the EM was depolarized with low HCO3- (acid) perfusions, while it was hyperpolarized with high HCO3- (alkaline) perfusions. These results are in agreement with the views that, 1) intracellular K+ in the proximal tubule is maintained by an uphill uptake mechanism on the peritubular cell membrane, (2) the ionic conductance of peritubular membrane is relatively high to K+, but low to Cl-, and (3) the pH gradient across the peritubular membrane can modulate the passive permeability to Na+ or K+. PMID- 6970295 TI - [Kartagener's triad -- a report of two patients and an analysis of 44 cases reported in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970296 TI - Enhancement of macrophage cytotoxicity to tumors and production of megakaryocyte stimulating factors by microbial agents. PMID- 6970297 TI - [Follow-up study on antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cell mediated cytotoxicity to HBs-antigen conjugated target cells in patients with hepatitis B (author's transl)]. AB - Results of a follow up study on ADCC and CMC to HBs antigen conjugated target cells in patients with hepatitis B are given. The cytotoxic reaction was measured immediately after onset of the disease, three weeks and three months thereafter CMC was increased over the whole observation period. The results in hepatitis B patients were significantly different to those in normal controls. The ADCC in the presence of an antiserum to HBs antigen was in patients with hepatitis B immediately after onset of the disease reduced in comparison to the controls; it increased during the three months to the values of the controls in patients with uncomplicated disease. Experiments with isolated lymphocyte populations showed that the ADCC is mainly dependent on Fc receptor bearing lymphocytes whereas the CMC is mediated by T-cells and Fc-receptor bearing cells. PMID- 6970298 TI - Comparative studies on the "in vivo"-sensitivity of four commercial pseudoperoxidase-based faecal occult blood tests in relation to actual blood losses as calculated from measured whole body-59Fe-elimination rates. PMID- 6970299 TI - Facultative Pasteurella ophthalmitis in Hooded Lister rats. AB - Hooded Lister rats were found to exhibit symptoms of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection. During the course of this chronic respiratory disease they developed ophthalmia and conjunctivitis which proved to be an opportunist infection with Pasteurella multocida. The severity of disease varied in individual rats, newborn rats entirely escaping infection. All cases responded to treatment with appropriate topical antibiotic and no sequelae were observed. PMID- 6970300 TI - Pulmonary Langerhans' cells in patients with fibrotic lung disorders. AB - Langerhans' cells were found in lung biopsies in one of nine control patients and in 20 of 160 patients with fibrotic lung disorders, including 13 of 56 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, two of nine patients with collagen vascular diseases, two of seven patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and each of three patients with end stage fibrosis of uncertain cause. Langerhans' cells were not found in any of the 41 patients with sarcoidosis, the 35 patients with interstitial lung diseases associated with inhalation of inorganic dusts, the seven patients with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, or the two patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. In the control patient, Langerhans' cells were found between epithelial cells in bronchioles. In patients with fibrotic lung disorders, Langerhans' cells were found in the epithelial layer of bronchioles and alveoli containing proliferating epithelial cells, i.e., either cuboidal epithelial cells of bronchiolar origin or type II alveolar epithelial cells. Severe fibrosis or squamous metaplasia were not prerequisites for the presence of Langerhans' cells. The motility of Langerhans' cells apparently was restricted, as they were not found in the air spaces in any of the biopsies, and they were not recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of any of the 97 patients studied, even though some of these patients had relatively numerous Langerhans' cells in lung biopsies. These observations are in sharp contrast to those in pulmonary histiocytosis X, in which histiocytosis X cells (HX cells) occur in granulomas, in alveolar interstitium, and between epithelial cells of the lower respiratory system. HX cells also migrate into air spaces, as shown by their occurrence in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The HX bodies in HX cells are morphologically similar to Langerhans' cell granules, but are more numerous and pleomorphic. HX cells are considered to be reactive or activated Langerhans' cells. PMID- 6970301 TI - A ten-year analysis of non-medical drug use behavior at five American universities. PMID- 6970302 TI - Studies on 11 beta-hydroxylase of the human fetal adrenal gland. PMID- 6970304 TI - Complement activation and neutropenia occurring during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Complement activation and pulmonary leukostasis with neutropenia occur in hemodialysis and filtration leukapheresis, with attendant pulmonary dysfunction. Wondering whether similar phenomena might attend cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), we studied 34 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations. As in the other extracorporeal circulation systems, neutropenia (mean 44.7% +/- 4.3% SEM of prebypass PMN count) occurred during the first half hour of bypass and then a rebound neutrophilia followed. CH50 and C3H50 fell 22% to 25% (p for CH50 less than 0.01) during bypass, but C3 conversion and C5a were not demonstrable in patient plasmas. Nonetheless, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) harvested late in bypass showed low adherence to nylon and selective chemotactic and aggregative insensitivity to C5a--functional aberrations which are seen after exposure to activated complement. Furthermore, smaller infusions of activated complement into animals produced neutropenia than were required to achieve a detectable [C5a] in the plasma. We conclude that neutropenia during CPB probably results from complement activation below the threshold of detection; complement-stimulated PMNs deserve study as possible mediators of tissue injury occurring during CPB. PMID- 6970305 TI - Immediate postoperative digitalization in the prophylaxis of supraventricular arrhythmias following coronary artery bypass. AB - Regimens of acute preoperative digitalization have been evaluated previously in the prophylaxis of supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) following coronary artery bypass operations, with equivocal results. This study assesses the effectiveness of immediate postoperative digitalization on the incidence of arrhythmias in 407 consecutive patients recovering from myocardial revascularization. In 137 patients treated by our regimen, which begins digitalization within 4 hours postoperatively, the incidence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias was 2%, while the corresponding figure for 270 untreated patients was 15%. Digitalization reduced the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias significantly (p less than 0.01), whereas death, ventricular ectopy, and infarction rates were similar in the two groups. The few patients who did have supraventricular arrhythmias while receiving prophylactic digoxin were no more easily treated than patients in the undigitalized group. The timing of administration of digoxin for SVT prophylaxis may be more important than previously recognized. Immediately postoperative digitalization, theoretically preferable to preoperative regimens, is a safe, effective way to reduce the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias following myocardial revascularization. PMID- 6970306 TI - The practice of coronary artery bypass surgery in 1980. AB - We obtained information from 677 cardiac surgeons in the United States on the type of practice, case load, and techniques currently used for coronary bypass operations. These surgeons collectively performed 93,000 bypass operations in 1979. Less than 25% of these procedures were done in university or federal hospitals; the majority were performed in the private sector by surgeons engaged in a single specialty group practice. The mean case load in 1979 was 137 operations per surgeon, and only 46 (6.8%) did fewer than 25 bypass operations during that year. These surgeons devote a relatively small percentage of their professional activity to other areas in thoracic surgery--the majority do not perform congenital heart surgery and two thirds devote less than 10% of their professional activity to general thoracic surgery. Compared with our previous national survey done in 1975, techniques used for bypass grafting have changed considerably over the past 5 years. An increasing number of surgeons conduct cardiopulmonary bypass with an arterial input line introduced into the ascending aorta and with a single cannula for venous drainage and do not routinely vent the left ventricle. Cold chemical cardioplegia has become the technique of choice (by 91% of surgeons) for myocardial protection, sequential bypass grafts are now widely employed, and 83.2% of surgeons perform all distal anastomoses during a single period of cardioplegic arrest. PMID- 6970303 TI - Effect of sodium molybdate on cytosolic androgen receptors in rat prostate. PMID- 6970307 TI - Simultaneous revascularization of coronary and vertebral arteries. AB - Simultaneous vertebral artery and coronary artery bypass are reported in a patient with unstable angina who exhibited signs and symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency while awaiting myocardial revascularization. The indications and various technical options for vertebral artery bypass are reviewed, and the techniques applied in this case are described. Observations on coronary and vertebral vein graft flow, with and without intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, are presented. Late patency of the aortovertebral vein graft has been documented, and the patient has been free from symptoms of vertebrobasilar and coronary insufficiency for 5 years. PMID- 6970309 TI - [Nursing process / nursing of patients with leukemia. On problems in nursing plans. Discussion]. PMID- 6970308 TI - [Introduction to primary nursing--implementation of POS. 2]. PMID- 6970312 TI - Study of the efficacy of diagnostic tests in rectal bleeding. PMID- 6970311 TI - [Benign intracranial hypertension: definition and etiopathology. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 6970310 TI - [Dislocating rheumatism. A report of 6 cases]. PMID- 6970313 TI - Analysis of relationships between the availability of resources and the use of health services in Finland. a cross-sectional study. AB - The relationship between the availability of resources and the use of health services was studied. This study covered the whole population of Finland. The unit of study was a health center area. The method of analysis was multiple regression involving the following variables: supply of health center physicians; supply of hospital physicians (reflecting the private medical sector); supply of sick-ward beds in old-age homes; supply of health center hospital beds; supply of public health nurses; and supply of general hospital beds. Several background variables also were included in the equations. It was concluded that a considerable change in the pattern of health services use was dependent on the number of physicians working in primary care in health centers. An increase in the number of these physicians and in physicians working at the outpatient departments of general hospitals is associated with a considerable increase in the number of visits per population to these facilities, a reduction in the need to hospitalize the population, and a considerable reduction in the rate of private-sector contact outside hospitals. The role of public health nurses appeared to be relatively important in reducing the number of health center hospital days, which probably is because of the home nursing activities of these nurses in health centers. This study demonstrated a significant relationship between the availability of most health services resource variables and the use of various services when other variables known to affect utilization were controlled for. PMID- 6970314 TI - [Lennert's lymphoma]. PMID- 6970315 TI - Endoscopic evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The colonoscopic examination is not a routine procedure for patients with inflammatory bowel disease; colonoscopy does not supersede the double contrast barium x-ray examination as the diagnostic study of choice. The use of colonoscopy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease must be dictated by the particular clinical situation or nature of the problem and governed by the severity of colitis, the physical condition of the patient and the overall safety of the procedure in each instance. The judicious application of the colonoscopic examination in certain patients with inflammatory bowel disease yields important information concerning the nature, extent, and complications of the colonic inflammatory process, which heretofore has been unavailable for use in diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6970317 TI - [Central disequilibrium in boxers (author's transl)]. AB - In 20 boxers the vestibular examination was made with pendular test. In 75% central vestibular changes of the per-rotatary nystagmus reaction were observes. Only in 3 cases the electronystagmogram was unremarkable. In 4 cases the EEG was normal although the nystagmus reaction was pathologic indicating central disorders. PMID- 6970316 TI - Clinical features and natural history of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6970318 TI - Auditory brain stem responses in cerebellopontine angle tumors. AB - The characteristic features of auditory brain stem responses (ABSR) are described in seven cases of cerebellopontine angle tumors: five acoustic neuromas, one congenital cholesteatoma, and one meningioma. An attempt is made to correlate the N1 response with the degree of auditory nerve involvement, to gain information about the presence of brain stem displacement, and to evaluate the cranial extension of the lesion by recording responses to contralateral stimuli. The empirical nature of deductions based on crossed stimulation is emphasized. In tumors originating from the VIIIth nerve, the ABSR pattern is characterized by a well-defined N1 complex, indistinct or absent additional responses, and prolonged brain stem conduction time (BSCT) on the affected side whenever its assessment is feasible. Recording from the affected side on stimulation of the contralateral side may show normal responses from stations central to the auditory nerve in cases of small-sized tumors. Medium or large tumors may be accompanied by abnormal N2 and/or N3 responses suggesting involvement of these stations. PMID- 6970319 TI - [Rectal physiotherapeutic procedures in gynecology (performance methods and technics)]. PMID- 6970320 TI - [Physical treatment methods in trauma and orthopedic diseases]. PMID- 6970321 TI - Recognition of heterologous cells by macrophages. I. Species recognition by mouse and guinea pig macrophages in the phagocytosis of heterologous thymocytes. AB - The ability of macrophages to recognize homologous and various heterologous cells was studied in mice, rats, and guinea pigs, in terms of the in vitro phagocytosis of non-opsonized viable thymocytes by macrophages. Mouse, rat, and guinea pig macrophages were found to phagocytize actively thymocytes from certain heterologous animals, including chickens. For instance, mouse macrophages displayed conspicuous phagocytic activities against chicken and duck thymocytes, moderate activities against guinea pig and frog thymocytes and weak activities against rat and mouse thymocytes. On the other hand, guinea pig macrophages revealed a different behaviour: they ingested only chicken thymocytes. These observations strongly suggested that mammalian macrophages possess some ability to discriminate homologous from certain heterologous thymocytes. The results, however, did not necessarily support the idea that the degree of phagocytosis is simply related to the phylogenetic distance between the animal species from which thymocytes and macrophages originated, because of the apparent exception in the mode of phagocytosis by guinea pig macrophages. Evidence demonstrating that antibodies are not involved in this phenomenon will be presented in the accompanying paper. PMID- 6970324 TI - Mitogenic activity of water-soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) obtained from Bacterionema matruchotii. II. Inhibition of the proliferative responses by anti-immunoglobulin serum and specific anti-Ia serum. PMID- 6970322 TI - Recognition of heterologous cells by macrophages. II. The mechanism of phagocytosis of chicken thymocytes by mouse and guinea pig macrophages. AB - Mouse and guinea pig macrophages cultured in vitro actively phagocytize non opsonized thymocytes from certain heterologous animals including chickens, as shown in the accompanying paper (11). The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon, using the phagocytosis of chicken thymocytes (c-thymocytes) by mouse and guinea pig macrophages. The involvement in this phenomenon of natural IgG passively adsorbed in situ to macrophages was excluded, since the phagocytosis of c-thymocytes was not significantly affected by the treatment of macrophages with homologous IgG or rabbit anti-sera directed toward homologous IgG. The involvement of lectin- or sugar-like receptors seems also to be unlikely, since various glycoproteins showed no significant effect. c Thymocytes treated with normal mouse serum (NMS) but not with heat-inactivated NMS were strongly stained with goat anti-mouse C3 by an indirect immunofluorescent technique, and became extremely vulnerable to adherence to and phagocytosis by mouse macrophages, suggesting that c-thymocytes are an activator of the alternative pathway of mouse complement. These results as a whole raise the possibility that mouse and guinea pig macrophages can phagocytize c thymocytes by recognizing their activating surfaces of the alternative complement pathway without the participation of exogenously added IgG or complement, as proposed by others in the phagocytosis of rabbit and mouse red blood cells by human monocytes. PMID- 6970323 TI - Polyclonal antibody production in murine spleen cells induced by Staphylococcus. AB - Polyclonal plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in murine spleen cells induced by Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were studied. Injection of Balb/c mice with S. aureus strain 248 beta H resulted in the generation of anti trinitrophenyl (TNP) and anti-sheep red blood cell PFC in their spleens. Cultures of Balb/c mutant yielded many anti-TNP PFC. The larger the number of organisms that were added to the cultures, the better was the PFC response. Both living and killed organisms were capable of inducing the response, but an excess of living 248 beta H organisms in the cultures abrogated the response. All of the organisms (12 strains of S. aureus and 11 strains of S. epidermidis) freshly isolated from patients had the ability to induce the polyclonal PFC response in cell cultures. These organisms stimulated cultured C3H/HcJ mouse spleen cells, which were unresponsive to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cultured cells from the spleens of athymic mice also responded to these organisms, and the number of PFC in nu/nu cell cultures was always greater than in nu/+ cells prepared from a haired litter mate. Moreover, the responses of nu/nu spleen were lower than expected. These findings suggest that the polyclonal PFC response to staphylococci is thymus independent, but that the magnitude of the response is regulated by mature T cells. Cultures of macrophage-depleted spleen cells responded to the organisms to an extent similar to that of the control. The 248 beta H organisms were less capable of stimulating spleen cells of 2-week-old mice (i.e., early maturing B cells) than LPS. However, spleen cells from adult (7-week old) and aged (9-month-old) mice responded well to both the organisms and LPS. Previous sensitization with the organisms in vivo did not affect any polyclonal responses of spleen cells in vitro to either the organisms or LPS. The role of staphylococcal protein A in the polyclonal PFC response to staphylococci is discussed. PMID- 6970325 TI - [Rheumatic diseases in older people]. PMID- 6970327 TI - [Von Willebrand's disease. Laboratory diagnosis and a report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6970326 TI - Myelopoiesis in immunologically classified subgroups of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Soft agar culture studies of 43 immunologically characterized patients with childhood acute lymphocytic leukemias (ALL) are presented. The immunologic subsets studied include "null"-cell, pre-B-cell, and T-cell leukemias. Abnormal myelopoiesis, including high peripheral blood and low marrow, colony-forming cell numbers, low colony-stimulating activity, and normal maturation of colony-forming cells in vitro was noted in each group as previously described for immunologically uncharacterized ALL. We conclude that immunologic subsets of childhood lymphoblastic leukemia cause similar abnormalities of myelopoiesis. Lack of differences in growth characteristics among immunologic subsets of ALL make it impossible to use this tissue culture technique in subclassification of these leukemic disorders. PMID- 6970329 TI - Biochemical pharmacology of lipophilic diaminopyrimidine antifolates in mouse and human cells in vitro. PMID- 6970330 TI - Purification and characterization of a mouse T cell replacing factor from primary mixed lymphocyte culture supernatant. PMID- 6970328 TI - Anatoxin-a: a novel, potent agonist at the nicotinic receptor. PMID- 6970331 TI - Fixation of frog and guinea pig complement by antibodies from the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. PMID- 6970332 TI - Metronidazole. PMID- 6970333 TI - Acute maxillary sinusitis in children. AB - We sought to correlate the clinical, radiographic, and bacteriologic findings in maxillary sinusitis in 30 children who had both upper-respiratory-tract symptoms and abnormal maxillary radiographs. Cough, nasal discharge, and fetid breath were the most common signs, but fever was present inconsistently. Facial pain or swelling and headache were prominent symptoms in older children. Bacterial colony counts of greater than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units per milliliter were found in 34 of 47 sinus aspirates obtained from 23 children. The most common species recovered were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Branhamella catarrhalis. No anaerobic bacteria were isolated. Viruses were isolated from only two sinus aspirates. There was a poor correlation between the predominant species of bacteria recovered from either the nasopharyngeal or throat culture and the bacteria isolated from the sinus aspirate. This study demonstrates that children with both upper-respiratory-tract symptoms and abnormal sinus radiographs are likely to harbor bacteria in their sinuses, suggesting that such children have bacterial sinusitis. PMID- 6970334 TI - A new immunologic marker for human Langerhans cells. PMID- 6970335 TI - An unusual case report: tinea capitis, verrucae vulgares and other infections in a girl with T and B cell disturbances. AB - Hereby described is a case of a young girl suffering from widespread dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton violaceum which proved intractable to accepted methods of therapy throughout a number of years. The girl was also found to have a history or recurrent respiratory tract infection and pyoderma in addition to verrucae vulgares, and Giardia lamblia in the gastrointestinal tract. Investigation revealed a marked immunological deficit seen in both the cellular and humoral system. It is suggested that in similar cases resistant to therapy it may be helpful to carry out a comprehensive investigation of the immunological system. PMID- 6970336 TI - Chronic immune stimulation is required for Moloney leukaemia virus-induced lymphomas. AB - C-type viruses are known to be aetiologically related to naturally occurring leukaemia in a variety of species, although the mechanisms of transformation are largely unknown. The long latency periods, requirement for an acute viraemia and monoclonality of the tumours distinguish leukaemogenesis from neoplasias induced by the acute transforming viruses and suggest an indirect mechanism. Consistent with this is the lack of in vitro transforming activity of replication-competent leukaemogenic viruses. We have shown previously that the presence of T cells which proliferate in vitro in response to viral antigens is uniquely associated with the conditions leading to leukaemia. Based on these observations we have hypothesized that chronic immune stimulation is required for leukaemogenesis. We now demonstrate that CBA/N mice, when inoculated as newborns with Moloney leukaemia virus (MoLV), develop an acute viraemia but do not develop leukaemia or have detectable T-cell responses against the virus. This supports the hypothesis that chronic immune stimulation is essential for leukaemogenesis. PMID- 6970338 TI - Self-MHC-restricted cytotoxic T-cell response without thymic influence. AB - The thymus has a central role in directing the maturation and differentiation of T cells. These processes involve movement of cells. These processes involve movement of cells of haematopoietic origin through the thymus and are supposed to require intimate physical contact between T lymphocytes and cells of the thymic epithelium. Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) induced by virus-infected or hapten-modified autologous cells exhibit dual specificity: for the products of the self major histocompatibility complex (MHC, H--2 in the mouse) and for the foreign antigen. It has been proposed that 'self' specificity of MHC-restricted CTLs is determined by the MHC-encoded antigens expressed on the surface of thymic epithelial cells. We show here that the differentiation of MHC-restricted CTLs can take place without thymic influence. In these experiments, self-MHC-restricted CTLs differentiate form spleen cells of nu/nu mice which lack thymuses after stimulation with 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-coupled autologous cells in the presence of T-cell growth factor. PMID- 6970337 TI - Identification of a glycophorin-like molecule at the cell surface of rat thymocytes. AB - There are three predominant glycoproteins in the rat thymocyte plasma membrane. Two of these have carbohydrate compositions that are characteristic of structures N-glycosidically linked to protein. The other glycoprotein is very different, having about 20 O-glycosidically linked carbohydrate units per 100 amino acids. It has similarities to the major sialoglycoprotein of human erythrocytes. PMID- 6970339 TI - Generation of F1 hybrid cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for self H-2. AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for self H-2 antigens are generated by murine F1 hybrid (H-2 heterozygous) spleen cells cultured with irradiated parental (H-2 homozygous) splenocytes. The effectors bind to heterozygous and homozygous cells bearing the appropriate H-2 alleles but only lyse homozygous targets. Autoreactivity for membrane-bound molecules of normal cells may be a mechanism for regulating cellular interactions. PMID- 6970340 TI - B220: a B cell-specific member of th T200 glycoprotein family. AB - T200, a major cell-surface glycoprotein on lymphoid cells, exists in several forms with different electrophoretic mobilities. These forms have been correlated with different classes of lymphoid cell. The smaller forms, with molecular weights (MWs) of congruent to 170,000 and 180,000 are found predominantly on T cells while the 220,000 MW form is associated with B cells. The polypeptide portions of each molecule may be identical or closely related as all three forms share the same allelic variations, and all reported herologous antisera and monoclonal antibodies to T200 precipitate all three forms. We report here a monoclonal antibody specific for the 220,000 MW form of T200 and show that it is expressed only on B cells and a subset of bone marrow cells which includes B cell precursors. We suggest that this form of the molecule be designated provisionally B220. PMID- 6970341 TI - Generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor cells in T-cell colonies grown in vitro. AB - The role of the thymus in T-lymphocyte differentiation remains unclear. The demonstration that the thymus can restrict the T-lymphocyte specificity repertoire suggests that T cells acquire specificity within the thymus. However, the demonstrations of immunocompetent helper T cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor cells (CLPs) in athymic nude mice suggest that the acquisition of some T-cell reactivity may occur without the thymus. We have been using T-cell colonies grown in vitro as a model system for studying various aspects of T-cell differentiation in both mouse and man. In one study we showed that CLPs can be found in T-cell colonies grown from spleen cells of normal mice, each colony containing CLPs of several different specificities. The colonies containing CLPs are not clonal, appearing to have a colony-forming unit (CFU-T) of two (perhaps three) cells. Here we provide direct evidence that the CLPs are spontaneously produced in the colonies. In addition, the cells of the CFU-T were characterized with antisera directed against the cell-surface marker Thy-1, which is present on all murine T cells, and the cell-surface markers Lyt-1 and Lyt-2, which are differentially distributed on different T-cell subclasses. We found that the CFU T contains both a Thy-1+ and a Thy-1- cell, neither of which seems to carry either Lyt-1 or Lyt-2 surface markers. PMID- 6970342 TI - [rC.B.F. measurements by a gamma camera and the 133 Xe inhalation technique. Interest of a local partition coefficient tissue-blood (author's transl)]. AB - More than 400 patients who had undergone a cerebrovascular attack or a transitory ischemic attack had bilateral measurements of regional C.B.F. by the 133 Xe inhalation technique and a gamma-camera. Inhalation of the air-Xe mixture in the closed spirometric circuit takes 1.5 mn at a concentration of 1 to 2 mCi/1. A very high resolution collimator allows a maximal counting rate of 300 000 i.p.m per hemisphere. At the opening of the circuit, the cerebral curves are analysed by the initial slope index (ISI) method, that index being obtained by deconvolution of the first 2.5 minutes of wash out. With this method, normal values are: 44,5 +/- 5ml/mn/100g. After calculation of hemispheric and regional ISI, we evaluate a regional partition coefficient (for total hemisphere) between tissue and blood with this formula: Formula: [See Text], being the activities counted at time t respectively in the area and on the hemisphere. Koh and Kor referring to ISI in total hemisphere (H) and area (r) C (a): arterial concentration A regional blood flow is obtained by Fr = 100 lambda rKor in a maximum of 16 different areas (with lambda n = 1ml/g) With our data processing system we get a functional image of r CBF which visualizes values of the (lambda r. Kor). In order to avoid statistical problems due to separate calculations of lambda r and Kor in very small areas we use a very simple kind of a functional image: subtraction of regional cerebral activity between time 0.5 and 1.5 mn and at 1.5 and 2.5 mn of wash out. We show that this image is correct display of regional inequalities of lambda rKor. In 48 cases of complete stroke comparison of the ISI index Kor and the ISI index Kor and the lambda r Kor referring to the area of maximal ischemia appearing on the functional image showed perfect correlation between the lambda rKor and the functional image; and only in 80% cases with the unique value of Kor. Those discrepancies between Kor and lambda rKor are related to necrosis and late revascularisation in cerebro vascular attacks. PMID- 6970343 TI - A computed tomographic prolective trohoc study of chronic schizophrenics. AB - The maximal width of the third ventricle, the maximal distance between the outer tips of the anterior horns, and the number of enlarged cerebral sulci on the two highest CT slices were measured in 68 chronic schizophrenic patients on cranial computed tomograms in order to detect a possible enlargement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filled intracranial spaces. These results were compared with values obtained from a control group which was formed in accordance with definite exclusion criteria and matched-pair parameters (sex, age and maximal inner diameter of the skull). In a prolective trohoc study no difference was found in the size of the CSF spaces of schizophrenics and the controls. The psychopathological condition of the patients, which was classified in a semistandardized dialogue, also showed no correlation with the ventricular size or the number of enlarged cerebral sulci. PMID- 6970344 TI - CT studies before and after CNS treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant non-hodgkin's lymphoma in childhood. AB - CT was performed on 72 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Thirty-two of these patients were investigated prior to CNS radiation and intrathecal methotrexate therapy. Ten of these patients (31%) were known to have hydrocephalic dilatation of the CSF spaces. Clinical data and subsequent observations with analysis of the CT findings show that no difference in the attenuation values of brain tissue occurs in the absence of a CNS relapse. The percentage of abnormal findings before and after therapy remains constant. The adverse late effect described in the CT literature seem principally to be damage diagnosed too late. It is questionable if the CT demonstration of dilated CSF spaces before treatment has a prognostic significance. PMID- 6970345 TI - Detection of demyelinated plaques with xenon-enhanced computed tomography. AB - Studies of xenon-enhanced CT for detecting cerebral demyelination have produced conflicting results. Therefore, we studied the effect of xenon inhalation on the CT appearance of five demyelinated plaques. The plaques and the surrounding white matter increased commensurately in attenuation during xenon inhalation. Therefore, xenon enhancement does not generally increase the sensitivity of CT for detecting cerebral demyelination. PMID- 6970346 TI - The significance of periventricular lucency on computed tomography: experimental study with canine hydrocephalus. AB - In order to investigate the pathogenesis of periventricular lucency (PVL) in hydrocephalus, CT scans were performed with monitoring of the epidural pressure in a series of dogs with hydrocephalus induced with kaolin. PVL of various degrees was detected in the experimental animals, which disappeared immediately after a shunting operation. Correlations have been attempted between PVL on CT scans and histological examinations, contrast enhancement studies, metrizamide ventriculography, and measurement of regional cerebral blood flow in the periventricular white matter. PVL in hydrocephalus is considered to represent acute edema or chronic CSF retention in the periventricular white matter caused by an increase of water content. In other words, it is regarded as a sign of existing or preceding intraventricular hypertension on CT scan, and seems to be a reversible phenomenon to some extent. PVL may therefore became an indication for a shunt. PMID- 6970347 TI - Computed tomography of intrathecal thorotrast. PMID- 6970348 TI - A receptor for protons in the nerve cell membrane. PMID- 6970350 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinical and immunologic study of 23 patients. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations ("active' T cells, total T cells, and B cells), leukocyte migration, lymphocyte transformation, complements (CH50, C3, and C4), and immune complexes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were studied in 23 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The percentage of active T cells was normal. The number of patients with positive migration inhibitory response to phytoyhemagglutinin was lower than controls, corresponding to the diminished percentage of total T cells in patients. C1q binding (immune complex formation) was found in the sera of 10 patients. PMID- 6970349 TI - The EEG in deep midline lesions. AB - We studied the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 154 patients with well-defined diencephalic, mesencephalic, or posterior fossa lesions. Electrographic and clinical parameters were statistically evaluated. The results indicated considerable overlap of EEG abnormalities from different subcortical sites. Focal or lateralized abnormalities were relatively specific, suggesting a diencephalic lesion, whereas bilateral paroxysmal slow-wave disturbances were unspecific and not of precise diagnostic significance. There was no specific feature in this series to clearly distinguish the EEG pattern in deep midline lesions from that seen with diffuse cortical and subcortical encephalopathies. PMID- 6970351 TI - Recurrent intestinal haemorrhages caused by a lipoma in the ileocaecal valve in a patient with Von Willebrand's disease. AB - Lipomas of the digestive tract are rare and may give rise to obstruction, intussusception or haemorrhage. In a 74-year old woman with Von Willebrand's disease, a lipoma in the ileocaecal valve caused frequent intestinal haemorrhages and chronic anaemia over a period of more than 15 years. Diagnosis and therapy are discussed on the basis of the case history. PMID- 6970352 TI - Null-cell leukemia in course of T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6970354 TI - The introduction of problem orientated records at Greymouth Hospital. PMID- 6970353 TI - Hemothorax: unusual complication of hereditary multiple exostosis. PMID- 6970355 TI - Effect of smoking on maternal blood SP1 levels in late pregnancy. AB - Maternal blood levels of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) were measured in 1669 samples from 1078 patients at 31 to 40 weeks' gestation. Mothers who smoked throughout pregnancy showed a general reduction in infant birth weight and blood SP1 levels. Further analysis of these findings showed that SP1 levels were directly related to fetal weight, and suggested that smoking affects fetus and placenta as a single unit. PMID- 6970359 TI - [Aorto-coronary bypass in 1980]. PMID- 6970357 TI - [Spontaneous gastrojejunal fistula as an unusual source of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding]. PMID- 6970356 TI - [Diminishing reactivity of T lymphocytes in the elderly]. PMID- 6970358 TI - Maturation of humoral immune response determines the susceptibility of guinea pigs to leptospirosis. AB - Baby guinea-pigs were susceptible to infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, but rapidly became resistant as they matured. Increased resistance with increasing weight of guinea-pigs was correlated with the development of ability to produce agglutinating antibodies to leptospires and with maturation of B-cell dependent (but not T-cell dependent) areas in lymphoid organs. These observations can explain the basis of species-resistance of adult guinea-pigs to infection with serovar pomona. PMID- 6970360 TI - [The clinical diagnosis of aorto-coronary bypass occlusion (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical profile of aorto-coronary bypass occlusion was drawn from a study of 49 patients with 56 occluded bypasses and 69 patients with 123 patent bypasses. All patients had undergone postoperative coronary arteriography or post-mortem examination. An anatomical cause of occlusion was retrospectively detected on the basis of pre-operative arteriographic findings or operation records in 82% of the cases, and on account of post-operative myocardial infraction (particularly significant when of late occurrence), residual angina and positive exercise tolerance test in 35%, 55% and 40% respectively of the cases. The last three criteria are of absolute diagnostic value when the arterial defects have been fully corrected by surgery. PMID- 6970361 TI - [Stenosis of the left main coronary artery. Results of aorto-coronary by-pass in 67 patients (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1970 and 1978 sixty-seven patients with > 50% stenosis of the left main coronary artery underwent aorto-coronary by-pass operation. The mean follow-up period was 54.7 months. Early and late post-operative mortality rates amounted to 3% and 9.2% respectively. Severe global alteration of left cineventriculography was the primary factor of survival (p < 0.01). The actuarial survival rates were 90.3% at 5 years and 84.5% at 9 years. All survivors had control ECGs. Late myocardial necrosis was rare (0.6 per 100 patient-years). 60.3% of the patients remained free from angina. Deterioration of the results mainly occured during the first 2 years but continued at a slower pace beyond the 8th year. Recurrence of angina was significantly less frequent in patients with isolated left main stenosis (p < 0.05) and when local conditions were not unfavourable to derivative surgery (p. < 0.01). On the other hand, the patient's age, sex, type of angina, history of previous infarction, number of risk factors and number of by-passes (the latter excluding possibly incomplete revascularisation) has no influence on the functional prognosis. Thirty-two patients had control, usually routine coronary arteriography 13.7 months on average after surgery. Overall patency was found in 85.9% and abnormal grafts in 16.7% of the cases. The main benefits of aorto-coronary by-pass, therefore, were a reduction in the spontaneous mortality rate of patients with left main coronary disease and a pronounced functional improvement. PMID- 6970362 TI - [Intradermal reaction to phytohaemagglutinin. Value in paediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - The existence of a deficiency in cellular immunity is common in paediatrics, and hence the need for a simple and rapid test for its evaluation. We thus studied the intradermal reaction to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in 690 children and sought to establish a correlation with regard to age and stimulation in vitro (PHA lymphoblastic transformation test). Normally, the injection of 5 g of purified PHA is followed 24 hours later in the child aged over 1 month by an induration more than 8 mm in diameter and erythema larger than 10 mm. These diameters then increase regularly with age up to 15 years. It was possible to establish a correlation between the intradermal reaction and blastic stimulation in vitro in 80% of cases. The intradermal reaction to PHA was found to be decreased in numerous viral infections, foetal diseases, during prolonged corticosteroid therapy, and during chemotherapy, haematological disorders and congenital immune deficiencies affecting T function. PMID- 6970364 TI - Direct-current bone growth stimulation: shock treatment. PMID- 6970363 TI - [Intestinal clearance of alpha 1 anti-trypsin: a simple technique for diagnosis of protein losing enteropathy (author's transl)]. AB - Until recently, to diagnose exsudative enteropathy required the use of radio isotopes and a stay of several days in hospital. Alpha-1-antitrypsin can now be used as endogenous plasma marker and assayed in the serum and faeces by a simple immunochemical method, thus measuring its intestinal clearance. Fifteen healthy subjects and 13 patients with organic digestive diseases were investigated by this method. The mean clearance values were inferior to 10 ml/24 h in the control group and significantly higher in the patients' group. Digestive protein loss can therefore be diagnosed by the new method, which offers the additional advantages of being reliable, easy, relatively inexpensive and applicable to out-patients. PMID- 6970365 TI - [T-lymphocytes of the cerebrospinal fluid in meningoencephalitis (preliminary report)]. PMID- 6970366 TI - Coronary revascularization surgery: feasibility after myocardial infarction. AB - Since coronary revascularization improves prognosis in some patients with multivessel disease, can the potential benefits be extended to "prophylaxis" in selected postinfarction patients as well? These investigators sought the answer on the basis of patient characteristics, types of surgery, survival data, and mode of death in the postinfarction population of 129 patients who had early angiography. PMID- 6970367 TI - Adverse responses to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6970369 TI - [Veins and rheumatism]. AB - Stasis and venous hypertension clash with static and arthritic disorders. These conditions do not add to the risks: they multiply them (Layani). If an orthopeadic operation is considered, the venous disorder should be treated first, as completely and as soon as possible, in order to lessen the risk of thrombo embolism and to improve the trophicity of the skin. The patient must, however, be made aware from the outset of the indispensable rules of hygiene in case of irremediable after effects or accompanying obesity. If these points are observed the rheumatological treatment will produce the best of results. PMID- 6970368 TI - [Inter-relation of rheumatology and phlebology. Introduction]. AB - After touching on some general ideas about rheumatics, the author concentrates on this question: Is there a connection between arthritis and chronic venous insufficiency? The author mentions the work done in this field by the French, and particularly by the school of Toulouse, and then he turns to a consideration of arthritis in general, concentrating especially on arthritis of the hips and knees; in conclusion: Arthritis is primarily a mechanical disorder and venous insufficiency plays only a contingent role; Krieg's phlebarthritic complexus is a pure coincidence! PMID- 6970370 TI - The use of colour vision measurement in the diagnosis of digoxin toxicity. AB - Colour vision has been measured, using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test, in control subjects and in patients taking digoxin. In 10 patients with digitalis toxicity, of whom only two described symptomatic abnormalities, colour vision was impaired compared with that of both control subjects and non-toxic patients who had been taking digoxin for more than two months. Withdrawal of digoxin from toxic patients led to improved colour vision. Colour vision scores correlated well with (a) log plasma digoxin concentrations, and (b) various measures of the pharmacodynamic effects of cardiac glycosides on cation transport in the patients' own erythrocytes. These results suggest that colour vision assessment may be of use in screening for digitalis toxicity at the bedside and in assessing the degree of digitalis intoxication in an individual patient as an aid to clinical research. PMID- 6970371 TI - Crohn's disease: course, treatment and long term prognosis. AB - The course, treatment and outcome of Crohn's disease affecting 174 patients diagnosed more than 20 years ago and followed for 20 to 45 years are reported. Fifty patients died, 23 related to Crohn's disease, against an expected 33, giving an increased mortality risk of 1.5 for the series. Fistulae of varying type occurring in 38 per cent of patients were successfully treated usually by excision and had no significant adverse effect upon the long term prognosis. The incidence of suicide and dementia appeared to be increased. Amyloid disease, obstructive uropathy and osteomalacia were other important complications. Definitive surgical operations averaged 2.5 per patient and after the first five years following diagnosis varied between 5 and 7 per cent of those at risk each year for the next 20 years. Recurrence rates were similar after any of the first five operations on a patient for the first 10 years after any operation. There was no evidence that the chance of operation was increased or made to recur more frequently by the performance of such an operation. All but two of the 121 living patients (three lost to follow-up) with a mean duration since diagnosis of 28 years were leading a normal life free from physical restrictions from Crohn's disease though three were mentally handicapped, 21 had radiological abnormality (recurrence), mostly longstanding, and 16 had less than 200 cm small intestine remaining. Specific therapy (corticosteroids 58 patients, sulphasalazine 11 patients and azathioprine four patients) was used at some time in only one third of the series so that such treatment did not appear necessary to produce good results in the majority. It is concluded that the indications for corticosteroid therapy are limited and that at present the joint efforts of physician and surgeon with adequate supportive therapy and well timed surgical resection produce the best results. An optimistic attitude to the eventual outcome is justified. PMID- 6970372 TI - Radiological imaging--2000 A.D. AB - The future promises accelerated growth for radiology, and advances more startling than those of its first 80 years. Improved technology, well-planned radiology departments, good fiscal sense, and federal support will improve the contributions of radiology to clinical medicine. PMID- 6970373 TI - [Cystitis treatment by drugstore personnel in Sao Paulo]. PMID- 6970374 TI - [D-penicillamine in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 6970375 TI - [Lipoma of the uterus. Report of a case]. PMID- 6970376 TI - [Reflux esophagitis. Clinical studies and morphological changes of the esophagus in the postoperative period]. PMID- 6970377 TI - [Sequential derivations: alternative method for the surgical treatment of severe ischemia of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6970378 TI - [Neurotoxic snake venoms]. PMID- 6970379 TI - [Development of acute tubular necrosis into chronic renal failure. Report of 4 cases]. PMID- 6970380 TI - [Galvanic current. Its use in the consolidation of fractures]. PMID- 6970381 TI - [Anti-reflux surgery by the technic of transverse advancement of the ureters]. PMID- 6970382 TI - [Comparative study of the effects of CO2 laser rays and the scalpel on gastric cicatrization in dogs]. PMID- 6970384 TI - [Accidents caused by animals in Uberlandia, MG. Epidemiologic and clinical study, with reference to rabies prevention]. PMID- 6970383 TI - [False arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6970385 TI - [Histology of the jejunal mucosa in stomach surgery: its relation to postoperative symptoms]. PMID- 6970387 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis. Deficiencies of assistant personnel to the detriment of early diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6970386 TI - [Intestinal lesions of ischemic origin]. PMID- 6970388 TI - [Eosinophilia related to visceral larva migrans]. PMID- 6970389 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic aspects, and course of hemorrhages of the upper digestive system]. PMID- 6970391 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage caused by gastric leiomyoblastoma]. PMID- 6970390 TI - [Acute digestive hemorrhage in generalized amyloidosis]. PMID- 6970393 TI - [Morphological classification of surgical forms of bullous emphysema in adult. Role of electron microscopy (author's transl)]. AB - The definition and the classification of bullae are recalled and documented by some examples. Two types of bullae are opposed : bulla found in normal parenchyma and bulla associated with widespread emphysematous lesions. The biochemical and biological mechanisms of the emphysematous changes are briefly described, with a distinction of two different pathogenesis : on one hand, an inherited defect in connective tissue synthesis as in Marfan syndrome, and on the other hand, an unbalance between proteases and antiproteases. The pathologist's contribution to the classification of the surgical forms of emphysema is documented by an electron microscopic study of lung biopsy in some cases : two cases with bullae (a Marfan syndrome and an alpha 1 AT deficiency of the Pi Z phenotype) with diffuse panlobular emphysema; and 4 cases of bullae without radiological evidence of emphysema. The elastic fibres were modified only in the 2 first cases but were normal in the others. A follow up of such cases is needed. PMID- 6970392 TI - ["Active" rosettes and skin tests to recall antigens and phytohemagglutinin in 48 patients with non metastatic squamous cell lung carcinoma and before treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Looking for an early immune defect assay in non metastatic (MO) squamous cell lung carcinoma, 48 untreated patients were tested at the time of diagnosis for peripheral blood "active" rosette-forming T lymphocytes, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to recall antigens and skin reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). 32 patients had a resectable tumour (group 1) and 16 patients had a loco regional extension which made the tumour inoperable (group 2). No significant difference (p greater than 0.05) was observed between any of the two groups of patients and normal controls nor between group 1 and 2 for "active" rosettes and skin tests to recall antigens. However, skin reaction to PHA was significantly impaired in patients of both groups compared to normal age-matched controls whatever the dose of PHA (4 microgram and 10 microgram). The number of unreactive patients in group 2 was higher than in group 1, but the difference was not significant (p greater than 0.05). It is concluded that skin reactivity to PHA is an useful and easy assay for cell-mediated immunity deficiency in early squamous cell lung carcinoma, whereas "active" rosettes are not altered. PMID- 6970395 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of coronary surgery]. PMID- 6970394 TI - [Ageing of immunity and its complications (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970396 TI - [Agreement of endoscopy and EMI scan in the study of tumors at the base of the skull]. PMID- 6970397 TI - HPL, beta 1SP1-glycoprotein and LAP in the normal and pathological pregnancy. PMID- 6970399 TI - A study of the pharmacology of lanatoside C in experimentally induced pathophysiological conditions. PMID- 6970398 TI - A principal component analysis of quantitative serum protein data. PMID- 6970400 TI - Sex and strain dependence in nutrition of the rats: dietary manipulation. PMID- 6970401 TI - Effects of dorsal septal lesions in female rats: shock-induced behaviour, nutrition, and plasma corticosterone. PMID- 6970402 TI - Inheritance of hearing defects in pupils of school for children with hearing handicap in Horicky. PMID- 6970404 TI - A contribution to anomalies of the oval window and stapes. PMID- 6970405 TI - [Fluorescence angiography findings in hemangioma cavernosa of the retina and optic nerve disk]. PMID- 6970403 TI - Waardenburg's syndrome. PMID- 6970406 TI - Different types of endotoxin-induced release of colony stimulating factors by adherent leucocytes in the presence of fresh and heat-inactivated autologous serum. AB - Human adherent leucocytes stimulate in vitro granulopoiesis by releasing colony stimulating factors (CSF), which promote the growth of myeloid committed stem cells (CFUC). The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on CSF generation by adherent leucocytes was studied with fresh and heat-inactivated autologous serum. Adherent leucocyte conditioned media were fractionated on Sephadex G-75. LPS, in the presence of fresh serum, caused a significant increase of CSF release by adherent leucocytes within 1 h. Heat inactivation of autologous serum abolished this effect. Adherent leucocyte CSF had 3 activity peaks at greater than 75 000, 23 000 and less than 4 000 daltons. LPS-fresh serum initiated CSF, harvested after culture periods of 1 and 24 h, disclosed identical elution profiles. PMID- 6970407 TI - Lysosomal enzyme activities in a case of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - This study indicated that (i) high levels of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase could be demonstrated cytochemically in T-CLL lymphocytes, and (ii), the biochemical activities of both enzymes were significantly increased in T-CLL lymphocytes compared with B-CLL lymphocytes. It would appear that the biochemical and cytochemical determination of these lysosomal enzyme activities offers an additional means of distinguishing T-CLL and B-CLL lymphocytes. PMID- 6970408 TI - Large-cell T-lymphoma with hypersegmented nuclei. AB - Clinical, morphological, cytochemical and immunological features in a case of T lymphoma in a 67-year-old man are presented. Clinically, a predilection for lymph nodes was observed with a subsequent tumour-like spread to the liver, lungs and, to a minor extent, to the bone marrow. The skin, the spleen and the thymus were spared. Morphologically, the neoplastic lymphoid cells were characterized by their large size and particularly by their hypersegmented nuclei with a relatively coarse chromatin and large nucleoli. Cytochemically, a T-cell-like staining pattern in the acid phosphatase and in the acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase stains was absent. The neoplastic lymphocytes demonstrated a strong binding with sheep erythrocytes in suspension and in cryostat tissue sections. The morphological features of this lymphoma appear distinct from other non Hodgkin's lymphomas. The similarities and the differences of our case in relation to some recently described cases of peripheral T-lymphomas comprising large cells with hyperlobated nuclei, are discussed. PMID- 6970409 TI - Role of polyclonal activation in specific immune responses. Relevance for findings of antibody activity in various diseases. PMID- 6970410 TI - Immunological effects of D-penicillamine during experimental induced inflammation in rats. AB - Administration of D-penicillamine (50 mg/kg/day orally) to rats with adjuvant arthritis for up to 42 days significantly modified the incorporation of 3H thymidine (3H-TdR) in concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated lymph node cells. Treatment with D-penicillamine abolished the ability of macrophages from arthritic rats to inhibit lymphocyte responsiveness to Con A and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 14 days after the induction of the disease. Increased T cell responsiveness to Con A was found from day 14 to 35 in cultures of unseparated and adherent-cell-depleted lymph node cells from D-penicillamine treated arthritic rats. B-cell responsiveness to LPS was not affected. Experiments with bovine serum albumin gradient-separated lymph node cells confirmed these findings and indicated that treatment with D-penicillamine may specifically enhance T-helper cell responsiveness to Con A. It is suggested that administration of D-penicillamine may interfere with macrophage function during the course of an immunologically induced chronic inflammation, leading to an increased response of T-helper cells. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6970411 TI - Non-H-2 T-lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity after primary in vivo sensitization. AB - A low level of T-lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic activity was demonstrated after primary in vivo immunization in an H-2-compatible strain combination (B10.D2- DBA2). This phenomenon was demonstrated in a second responder strain (BALB/c) and was thus shown not to be restricted to the B10.D2 genetic background. Results on F1 hybrid mice indicate that the M-locus determinant might be involved in this reaction. It is possible that it is involved in the afferent, efferent, or both limbs of the reaction. PMID- 6970412 TI - Metabolic mapping of the brain's response to visual stimulation: studies in humans. AB - These studies demonstrated increasing glucose metabolic rates in the human primary (PVC) and associative (AVC) visual cortex as the complexity of visual scenes increased. The metabolic response of the AVC increased more rapidly with scene complexity than that of the PVC, indicating the greater involvement of the higher order AVC for complex visual interpretations. Increases in local metabolic activity by as much as a factor of 2 above that of control subjects with eyes closed indicate the wide range and metabolic reserve of the visual cortex. PMID- 6970413 TI - An endocrine approach to the control of epidermal growth: serum-free cultivation of human keratinocytes. AB - Human keratinocytes, derived from the skin of newborns and of adults, were grown in the complete absence of serum, in a hormone-supplemented medium on fibronectin coated cell culture dishes at low seed density. The cell culture medium consisted of Medium 199 containing epidermal growth factor, triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone, Cohn fraction IV, insulin, transferrin, bovine brain extract, and trace elements. Removal of the brain extract from the hormone supplement had a greater negative impact on proliferation of the keratinocyte cultures than did the removal of epidermal growth factor, hydrocortisone, and triiodothyronine or Cohn fraction IV. The growth of keratinocytes in this hormone-supplemented medium suggests that control of keratinocyte growth depends in large part on endocrine stimulation by other body organs, including the brain. PMID- 6970414 TI - Cefamandole failure in ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae b pneumonia. AB - A woman with rheumatoid arthritis and ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) pneumonia complicated by bacteremia and empyema is reported. Initial therapy with cefamandole failed to eliminate bacteria from the pleural space and did not substantially affect the clinical course. However, cultures became negative and fever resolved when therapy was changed to chloramphenicol. Ampicillin-resistant Hib pneumonia in adults is an increasing problem and may be a difficult diagnosis to establish initially. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis may be useful in adults with pneumonia. If Hib antigen is detected, or if H influenzae is suspected on the basis of Gram stains and cultures, chloramphenicol should be given until the isolate is shown to be sensitive to ampicillin. PMID- 6970415 TI - Systemic Haemophilus influenzae infections in a community hospital: prevalence of ampicillin resistance. AB - Ampicillin-resistant strains are presently known to account for 10% to 20% of type b Haemophilus influenzae infections in the United States. To determine whether the incidence in a community hospital parallels that of several university hospitals, we reviewed medical records of the 99 children with type b Haemophilus systemic infections for the period 1976 to 1979. These cass represented 1.8% of all pediatric medical admissions. In 1976-1977, 5% of those infections were caused by resistant strains; the incidence increased to 19% for the period 1978-1979. This increase on a community hospital level parallels the increase in ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus noted in university hospitals and underscores the need for chloramphenicol (alone or in combination with ampicillin) as initial treatment for systemic Haemophilus infections. PMID- 6970416 TI - Pulmonary cavitation caused by Haemophilus influenzae in adults. PMID- 6970417 TI - Ultrasonographic demonstration of a postsurgical arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 6970418 TI - Imaging. PMID- 6970419 TI - [Use of non-pyrazole-type analgesics in the dental field--1. Toothache]. PMID- 6970421 TI - [Fatal hemorrhage of the pancreas]. PMID- 6970420 TI - [Combined use of anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of infections in the field of oral surgery-- use of tiaramide hydrochloride (Sorantal)]. PMID- 6970422 TI - [Delay in elimination of theophylline due to troleandomycin. No effect of josamycin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970423 TI - Expression of HLA-DR antigens on T lymphocytes. AB - Our data have demonstrated, for the first time, expression of HLA-DR antigens on heated T cells (45 degrees C, 1 h) and have confirmed the occurrence of these antigens on mitogen-stimulated T cells. HLA-DR antigens were detected by microlymphocytotoxicity employing defined and non-defined anti-HLA-DR sera. The HLA-DR T cell antigens proved to be the same as the ones expressed on B cells from the same donor. In addition, extra reactions were observed on mitogen stimulated and on heated T cells which could be abolished by absorption with cytotoxicity negative B cells of the same donor (cytotoxicity-negative-absorption positive phenomenon). PMID- 6970425 TI - Increased frequency of HLA-DRw3 in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The distribution of HLA antigens was studied in 40 patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus. For loci A and B, increased frequencies of A1, B8 and the presence of only one B antigen were found. Nevertheless, in relation to the number of antigens tested, this increase was not significant. For the DRw locus, DRw3 was significantly increased (P < 0.001, after correction for the 39 antigens tested). However, the patients with DRw3 did not show any correlation with a specific clinical picture or the presence in their serum of lymphocytotoxic antibodies or autoantibodies against T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 6970424 TI - Human IgM anti-IgM cytotoxin for B lymphocytes. AB - B lymphocytes were shown previously to be killed at 5 degrees C by some autologous and allogeneic human sera. We show here that such cold cytotoxins are directed against immunoglobulins on the surface of B lymphocytes. The activity is partially removed by passing serum through IgG-coupled Sepharose and usually completely removed by passing serum through IgM-coupled Sepharose. Activity is regained from the columns by acid elution and IgM inhibits the cytotoxicity of these eluates. 125I-labeled eluates bind to IgG- and IgM-coupled Sepharose beads and binding is inhibited by IgM and to a lesser degree by IgG thus showing a primarily more avid binding to IgM as compared to IgG. Furthermore, the 125I labeled cytotoxic eluates recognize the same determinant(s) on IgM and IgG. We suggest tht IgM anti-IgM antiimmunoglobulin may regulate immune reactivity by binding to B-lymphocyte surfaces. PMID- 6970426 TI - Freeze dried platelets for HLA alloantibodies absorption. AB - Antibodies to HLA-A and B are specifically absorbed onto platelets. A method of absorption of these antibodies using freeze dried platelets is described. This method allows long-term storage and standardized absorption procedures. Anti-DR antibodies and cold lymphocytotoxins are recovered in the supernatant. PMID- 6970427 TI - HLA--C antigens on platelets. AB - The direct demonstration of HLA-C antigens Cw2, Cw-3, and Cw4 on human platelets is described. The antigens were detected by means of a platelet radioimmune anti IgG test using acid eluates from platelets and lymphocytotoxic antisera. It is concluded that HLA-C determinants are only weakly expressed on platelets. Individual differences observed reflect antigenic variations. PMID- 6970428 TI - Identification of surface IgM as the target antigen of cold lymphocytotoxins. AB - IgG and IgM were stripped from the surface of human B lymphocytes using heterologous anti-IgG or IgM antisera. The percent SIg (surface Ig) determined by fluorescence for SIgM was reduced from 55% to 20%, or a reduction of 64%. Upon stripping SIgM, the B lymphocytes were no longer killed by seven different cold cytotoxic antibodies obtained from kidney transplant patients. We conclude that SIgM is the target of cold cytotoxins. These cold cytotoxic antibodies are postulated to be immunoregulatory antibodies. They are less specific than anti idiotypic antibodies. PMID- 6970429 TI - Avoidance of certain systematic pitfalls in the detection of HLA-DR antibodies defining find specificities. AB - A selective screening program has been established to identify rapidly and effectively the fine specificity of HLA-DR antibodies in pregnancy anti-HLA sera. Following initial HLA-A, B, C screening sera with extra- or multispecific reactions were selected and specifically tested after platelet absorption on isolated B- and T-lymphocyte populations of the serum donor's husband. Identification of the HLA-DR serum. Multispecific anti-DR sera were defined and rendered operationally monospecific by titration. Some critical steps in a reliable assessment of HLA-DR typing reagents could be worked out. Weak HLA-A, B antibodies, B-cell auto- and Lewis antibodies may cause positive reactivity preferentially or even selectively on B lymphocytes. Of particular importance was the hidden presence of HLA-C specific antibodies, since they cannot be absorbed out of stored platelets. In addition they are not readily detectable through screening on typed panel cells. Because of the frequently very high linkage disequilibrium between HLA-B and HLA-C alleles it is difficult to select appropriately dissecting panel cells. The two points demonstrated above gain even more weight when isolated T and B cell populations are used for HLA-DR typing, because HLA-C antibodies preferentially kill B cells. In this fashion contaminating HLA-C antibodies are not only difficult to detect but can mimic the presence of HLA-DR antibodies. PMID- 6970430 TI - Immunological aspects of tri-o-tolyl phosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity in chickens. PMID- 6970431 TI - [Radiation exposure of the physician and patient during hepatography: 1. during transhepatic cholangiography and 2. during transhepatic portography as well as during embolization of the Vena coronaria ventriculi]. PMID- 6970432 TI - [Use of analgesics in dental practice]. PMID- 6970433 TI - [Embolization of an extensive soft tissue and bone hemangioma of the left half of the face in childhood: an interesting case]. PMID- 6970434 TI - The safety of weekly plateletpheresis: effect on the donors' lymphocyte population. AB - Ten normal donors were monitored before, during, and after ten weekly donations of platelet concentrates prepared using the Haemonetics Model 30 blood processor. Analysis of these data indicates about a 20 per cent decrease of lymphocytes, with B cells being significantly decreased in half of these patients. While coincident immunoglobulin deficiencies did not develop in this short-term study, it is presumed that these would occur with a prolongation of platelet donations, as has been noted in previous studies. Additional studies are indicated to further delineate the lymphocyte depletion in normal platelet donors. PMID- 6970435 TI - [Surgical treatment of spasticity--role of selective posterior rhyzotomy]. PMID- 6970436 TI - [Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6970438 TI - [Procedure in the surgery of portal hypertension]. AB - The observations of 94 patients operated upon in early period of chronic hepatitis and hepatocirrhosis and 248 lethal outcomes of hepatocirrhosis are analyzed. The follow-up observation reached 15 years. The authors have shown that the earlier the operation was performed the better were the remote results. The analysis of lethal outcomes has shown that patients with portal hypertension are usually passed to surgeons too late. They believe that it is necessary to have a dispensary registration of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension. PMID- 6970437 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the "streaming phenomenon" in interpreting splenoportograms in the portal hypertension syndrome]. AB - The "phenomenon of streaming" has been found by the author in splenoportography in 9,4% of patients. The variants of the phenomenon are described. The phemenon seen as a conoid shade superimposed on the shade of the portal vein trunk can suggest possible stenosis of the mouth of the splenic vein. Under these conditions it is inexpedient to fulfill distal splenorenal anastomosis. PMID- 6970439 TI - [Resection of the esophagus and gastric cardia in portal hypertension in light of the late results]. AB - Having studied the experience of 84 resections of the oesophagus and gastric cardia in patients with portal hypertension and taking into account postoperative complications (reflux-oesophagitis, progressing loss of weight, dispeptic disorders, phenomena of agastric asthenia etc.) the authors came to a conclusion that the indications for this surgical intervention should be lessened and recommended the indication to be justified only as the last attempt of the surgeon in his struggle against recurrent hemorrhage from varicose veins of the oesophagus which should be preceded with transthoracic oesophago- or gastrotomy with the ligation of varicose veins. PMID- 6970441 TI - Trauma in dogs and cats: an overview. AB - Trauma is an important health hazard for dogs and cats. About 13 per cent of all patients seen in two large veterinary hospitals were for evaluation of injuries. Approximately 35 per cent of dogs and cats were injured severely, with an overall mortality rate of about 9 per cent from either spontaneous death or euthanasia. The major factor that influences an animal's chances of being injured is the owner's management of the animal's environment. Factors that influence the outcome of a traumatic event include the cause of injury, the amount of distribution of kinetic energy discharged into the animal, and the anatomic location of the injury. The veterinarian's role in dealing with trauma should be not only emergency resuscitation and definitive treatment of injured animals but also education of pet owners to the common environmental hazards that all too frequently affect their pets. PMID- 6970440 TI - [Intraoperative peroral gastroduodenoscopy]. AB - Gastroduodenoscopy when performed during laparatomy because of the difference between preoperative and operative diagnosis allows to obtain additional objective data on the pathological process and to solve the question of the further surgical tactics. It may be used for diagnosis of the proceeding hemorrhage from the anastomosis suture and for revealing defects of the operation technique. PMID- 6970442 TI - The history and physical examination of the trauma patient. AB - The physical examination must be considered the most important method of gathering information about the injured animal. Without a complete physical examination, it is impossible to select the laboratory and radiographic tests that will be most valuable to the patient. In dealing with the injured animal, repeated physical examinations are the most reliable means of detecting deviations from normal and monitoring the patient's condition. PMID- 6970443 TI - Thoracic trauma. AB - The physiologic equilibrium of chest injury patients is frequently precarious, and mild stress during examination and treatment may precipitate acute decompensation and death. This is particularly true with the respiratory system, where the normally large respiratory reserve capacity may be rapidly lost. Accurate assessment of the nature of the thoracic injury and the severity of that injury must be determined in order to formulate a therapeutic plan. Many thoracic injuries, such as pneumothorax, pulmonary contusions, or rib fractures, will be self-limiting. Other conditions must be recognized for their potentially lethal nature and dealt with aggressively, and these include cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, and esophageal perforation. By performing a systematic evaluation of the patient and confirming or denying the presence of all possible types of thoracic injury, the veterinarian may avoid overtreatment of self-limiting lesions and recognize and aggressively treat those with potentially fatal outcomes. PMID- 6970444 TI - Initial management of closed fractures and joint injuries. PMID- 6970445 TI - The initial treatment of open fractures. PMID- 6970446 TI - Trauma to the carpus, tarsus, and phalanges of dogs and cats. AB - The methods described are those currently employed by the authors for the injuries described. As surgical results accumulate, we hope to modify and improve our methods. Many injuries to the carpus and tarsus have been omitted. Many questions remain unanswered. How long must external coaptation be applied? When is the optimum time for removal of internal fixation devices? Are sclerosing agents more successful for the management of interphalangeal luxations than primary suturing? Should autogenous cancellous bone be used in all arthrodeses? What is the best method of handling sesamoid fractures, and what is the best postoperative care for these fractures? When should passive joint movement be initiated? What is the owner's optimum role in providing rehabilitative physical therapy? Only be evaluating large numbers of clinical cases or controlling experimental cases can these questions be answered. PMID- 6970447 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients regularly treated with dialysis]. PMID- 6970448 TI - [Sezary's syndrome with an unusual immunologic picture]. PMID- 6970451 TI - [Autoimmune disorders in rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6970450 TI - [Source of enzymes of mixed human saliva]. AB - Production of enzymes was studied in parotid, submandibular and mucosal salivary glands as well as in exfoliated epithelial cells, emigrating leukocytes and in dental bacterial plaque. alpha-Amylase and iodide peroxidase were mainly secreted into mixed saliva by parotid and submandibular glands. Alkaline phosphatase was produced mainly by mucosal salivary glands. These glands secreted also about one half of alkaline and acid proteases, acid phosphatase, both ribonucleases, lysozyme, alkaline peroxidase and lactate dehydrogenase. Role of leukocytes and epithelial cells as well as bacterial plaque was relatively negligible in formation of mixed saliva enzymes. PMID- 6970452 TI - Atherosclerosis and a coronary artery bypass operation in a woman with von Willebrand disease. PMID- 6970449 TI - [Pain syndrome in sympathetic ganglionitis under treatment with sinusoidal modulated currents]. PMID- 6970453 TI - [Improvement of utero-placental perfusion by transcutaneous nerve stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on 37 patients with a diminished utero-placental perfusion. 12 patients underwent only once, 25 patients daily over 2 to 3 weeks a transcutaneous lumbo-sacral electric nerve stimulation. Both, the 12 patients stimulated only once and the 25 patients with daily stimulation, showed a significant increase of utero-placental perfusion measured by the method of radioisotope placental perfusion. Transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) therefore could be used for therapeutic purpose in cases of placental dysfunction. PMID- 6970454 TI - [Reaction of immunity in the age. 3rd information: frequency of antinuclear factors and of DNA-antibodies in old age (author's transl)]. AB - In serums from persons in old age were more antinuclear factors, the DNA antibodies were increased compared to the serums in young age. PMID- 6970455 TI - [Analysis of the significance of precedent opinions in invalids suffering from rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6970456 TI - [Ground rules in pharmacotherapy of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6970457 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp syndrome)]. AB - In the Sharp syndrome we have to do with a mixed collagenosis with symptoms of sclerodermia, erythematodes visceralis, dermatomyositis and rheumatoid arthritis. Above all are observed a Raynaud syndrome, polyarthritis and polyarthralgias, swellings of hands and fingers and myositis and myalgia, respectively. For the ascertainment of the diagnosis as independent picture of a disease the immunological profile is decisive. On the basis of three casuistic cases the author adopts a definite attitude to the Sharp syndrome as independent immunopathy. Questions of diagnostics, therapy and prognosis are discussed. PMID- 6970458 TI - [Significance of synovial diagnosis]. AB - Judging the value of synovia diagnosis we issue from the points of view of diagnostics, degree of severity of the arthritic syndrome and the assessment of the success of therapy. With the help of the results of own examinations of 768 joint punctates as well as the sera belonging to them practical conclusions are drawn and the essential signs for the synovia diagnosis established by factor analysis are reported. PMID- 6970459 TI - [Social rehabilitation in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6970462 TI - [Immunoma, a new pathogenetic concept]. PMID- 6970461 TI - [Enzyme cytochemical and immunological procedures for diagnosis of pseudolymphomas and skin lymphomas]. PMID- 6970460 TI - [Improvement of the antepartal CTG by transcutaneous electric stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - 37 gravid patients with diagnosed symptoms and signs of placental insufficiency underwent during 10 days a treatment of transcutaneous electric stimulation. Fetal CTG showed compared to the situation before treatment a distinct increase in the amplitude of the oscillation pattern and a rise in the number of accelerations, which means an improvement of the fetal situation. In 10 cases Fischer-Score went up from 7 to 10, in other 10 cases from 8 to 10. PMID- 6970463 TI - [The therapy of fever in children. Non-essentials and essentials in fever therapy in children]. PMID- 6970465 TI - [Utilization of therapeutic textile segments in a metal industry factory]. PMID- 6970466 TI - [Variation in cellular immunity - its bearings on effectiveness of steroids used during labour (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-five mothers and their newborns were examined for immunosuppressive effects of dexamethasone administered during labour (0.5 mg/kg body weight). Decline of both active and total t-cells was recorded from the mothers (p < 0.5; p < 0.01). No deviation was recordable from b-cells. The ratio of t-cells, b cells, and O-cells in premature and full-term newborns was reduced to something below the values obtained from control groups. The difference, however, was not significant. PMID- 6970467 TI - [Occurrence of trichomoniasis in women with intra-uterine devices (author's transl)]. AB - The authors investigated the biocenosis in the vaginas of 216 women with IUD and 124 controls without any contraceptive. The incidence of vaginal trichomoniasis in IUD probands was higher with significance than that among the controls. Culture testing is indispensable to rule out the presence of vaginal trichomoniasis. Parasites were not readily detectable from stained and native specimens unless infections were massive. The cytological findings recorded from the above probands were within the normal. Knowledge is inadequate on the risk of infection of women with IUD. This should be another reason for which to improve public health education. PMID- 6970464 TI - Pi subtyping by isoelectric focusing: further genetic studies and application to paternity examinations. AB - Genetic variation of the protease inhibitor (Pi) alpha 1-antitrypsin was analyzed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels in a sample of 347 unrelated individuals from Southern Germany. Six common subtypes of PiM were observed as well as the relatively frequent variants PiS and PiZ and the rare variants PiT, Pi less than L, PiL, PiI and PiF. Also, a variant called PiZ1 was found. The frequency of alleles in this sample was PiM1 = 0.6917, PiM2 - 0.1686, PiM3 = 0.0865, PiS = 0.0230, PiZ = 0.0187, and Pi* = 0.0115. In 82 families the distribution of Pi types was in agreement with an autosomal codominant mode of inheritance. The application of Pi classification in cases of disputed paternity is discussed. PMID- 6970468 TI - [Gynaecological and obstetric operations in coagulative disorders (author's transl)]. AB - Evaluated in this paper are 16 gynaecological operations which had been performed on 14 women for haemostatic disorders, between 1973 and 1979. Von Willebrand's disease had been recorded from ten patients, thrombocytopenia from two, and hyperfibrinolysis from another two. Haemorrhagic complications were observed in six cases, although specific haemotherapy had been applied to them. - Twelve analysable courses of labour of patients with known coagulative disorders were recorded from among those who had been under obstetric care, between 1963 and 1979. Two of the above three diseases ranked high on the list again, with von Willebrand's disease being diagnosed in six cases and thrombocytopenia in four. Hyperfibrinolysis was recorded from one patient and an unelucidated plasmatic coagulation disorder from another one. All twelve women had spontaneous deliveries without complications. Foetal death had occurred in two women with thrombocytopenia, prior to their admission to hospital. One of the deaths had been caused by umbilical cord strangulation. Secondary haemorrhage was observed in two cases, both late in the puerperium. - Diagnosis and therapy are discussed. Cases of the above kind should be treated in clinical centres staffed with experienced personnel. PMID- 6970469 TI - [Current significance of keratopathia neuroparalytica]. AB - Among the complications after surgical interventions carried out on the Ganglion semilunare because of a trigeminal neuralgia the reason why Keratopathia neuroparalytica plays a role is the fact that it very frequently leads to partial or total blindness of the affected eye. The pathogenesis of the keratopathy is still being disputed. The appraisal of the various surgical methods in trigeminal neuralgia always includes the frequent occurrence of a keratopathy. Among the 171 patients who were operated on in Halle because of trigeminal neuralgia in the last ten years no keratopathy was observed. In 12 cases a reduction or removal of the corneal reflex was brought about. On 8 patients a postganglionic intradural operation was carried out, all others received an electro-coagulation. The co operation with the ophthalmologist is indispensable both prophylactically and therapeutically. PMID- 6970470 TI - [Remarks on the tactics and technic of transsphenoidal surgery for suprasellar pituitary adenomas]. AB - In case of large suprasellar hypophyseal adenomas, on which the author operates through the transphenoidal access after Cushing, he carries out peroperation air ventriculography. This enables him to demonstrate by means of the X-ray picture intensifier and a TV monitor the actuaL shape of the expansion during the operation, to visually control the tumour extirpation from the third ventricle and in this way make it safer. Ventriculography also enables the intraoperative appraisal of the radicality of the tumour extirpation. The artificially developed intracranial overpressure exerts a favourable influence on the radicality. None of the twenty patients operated on died from a hypothalamus lesion syndrome. PMID- 6970471 TI - [Vestibular apparatus study of the toad, Xenopus laevis, and rats under prolonged weightlessness]. AB - Fertilized eggs of the clawed toad Xenopus laevis were placed aboard of orbital laboratory of "Salut-6" spacecraft where they developed for 20 days at temperature 15 degrees C. The larvae were fixed in weightlessness. Light and electronmicroscopic studies revealed undisturbed structure on the saccular and utricular maculae and otolith membranes. Some ultrastructural abnormalities were found in the inner ear of adult rats after 20 days of weightlessness ("Kosmos 936"). PMID- 6970472 TI - [Neuronal reactions of the accessory olfactory bulb in the frog, Rana temporaria, to chemical stimulation of the vomeronasal organ]. AB - Studies have been made on the reactions of 34 neurones from the accessory olfactory bulb of the frog Rana temporaria to stimulation of the receptors in the vomeronasal organ by amino acids (L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, L-valine, L glytamic acid, glycine, L-proline, L-serine), carboxylic acids (acetic, glutaric, isovaleric, propionic and succinic acids) at a concentration 10(-4) M, as well as by "rinsing" the frog's skin. The general pattern of the background and evoked activities in the neurones of the accessory and main olfactory bulbs is similar. Neurones of the accessory bulb exhibited selective responses to all the amino acids at a concentration 10(-4) M, in which they are effective for stimulation the olfactory receptors of bony fishes. This finding indicates the adequate nature of the stimulation used for receptors of the vomeronasal organ, as well as underlies functional similarity of these receptors in the frog with the olfactory receptors of fishes. PMID- 6970473 TI - [Histochemical study of the cholinesterase in the olfactory bulb of the frog, Rana temporaria]. AB - In the olfactory bulb of Rana temporaria the distribution of cholinesterase was studied by the method of Karnovsky and Roots. When the butyrilthiocholine was used as a substrate the histochemical reaction was not obtained. The incubation with the acetylthiocholine showed the enzyme activity that was most pronounced in the mitral cells layer and in the nerve fibers area surrounding the granular cells layer. The addition of neostigmine to the incubation medium abolished the enzyme activity. PMID- 6970476 TI - Coronary risk factors predicting coronary and other causes of death in fifteen years. AB - A multivariate analysis employing the multiple logistic function model has been performed for the prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths and of other causes of death as function of 14 coronary risk factors measured at entry examination in the pool of two Italian rural population samples, made of 1712 men aged 40-59 at entry and followed for 15 years. A limited number of factors- namely age, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking habits, forced expiratory volume, diabetes--yielded significant coefficients variously associated each other in the different solutions. They were able to provide a satisfactory discrimination between cases and non cases, not only for CHD but also for other end-points including strokes, cancer and lung cancer in particular, chronic bronchitis, and all causes of death. A suggestive prediction of violent causes of death was possible thank to a significant coefficient attributable to blood pressure. Serum cholesterol was significantly contributory only in the prediction of CHD. The multipotentiality of some factors is stressed in view of the planning of community prevention programs directed towards several chronic conditions at the same time. PMID- 6970474 TI - [Diagnosis of pineal area tumors using computer tomography]. AB - Three cases with germinoma in the region of the pineal body diagnosed by means of computer tomography are described. The diagnosis was verified in all of them during operation. Computer tomography demonstrated three-dimensional structures with irregular contours in the posterior parts of the third ventricle which was seen more clearly after injection of the contrast medium. Petrifaction was found in the center of the pathological structure in all cases. The diagnostic value of computer tomography from the standpoint of the localization of the tumor is emphasized. PMID- 6970475 TI - [Ventriculography and cervical myelography with amipak (metrizamide)]. AB - The authors analyse the results of examination of 96 patients with administration of a new water-soluble radiopaque medium amipak (metrisamide) into the ventricles of the brain (22 cases) and subarachnoid space of the spinal cord (74 cases). The best results were obtained in the diagnosis of Schmorl's body in the cervical spinal segment and in location of new growths in the posterior cranial fossa and those of supratentorial and intraventricular localization. Convincing diagnostic signs of the level of CSF communications obstruction were obtained. EEG was performed in 54 patients. The possible vegetative reactions to amipak injection are described. Amipak possesses minimum toxicity and good radiopacity. PMID- 6970477 TI - Five years' experience with intraaortic balloon pumping. The changing of indications and the emergence of prognostic indices. AB - The authors report their experience with IABP during 5 years. 40 patients have been submitted to this procedure, 31 for spontaneous non-complicated myocardial infarction. Overall survival rate was poor in those non-surgical conditions (8/31); better outcome was obtained if IABP was applied earlier in the course of the infarction and if left ventricular filling was continuously assessed. Therefore, use of prognostic index (such as SWI/PWP) and monitoring of pulmonary wedge pressure is stressed. Incidence of sudden death is high among short term survivors 4 out 5 deaths in 8 short term survivors. Usefulness of IABP in preparation for surgery or/and as postsurgical support is evident in this series (5/7 successes) with the exception of patients who did not come off pump (2 cases) and for whom IABP was ineffective. PMID- 6970478 TI - Ventricular septal defect with aneurysm of the membranous septum and a parachute mitral valve. Echocardiographic findings. AB - The echocardiographic findings in a case of ventricular septal defect with aneurysm of the membranous septum and a parachute mitral valve, are analyzed. An abnormal linear echo was recorded within the left ventricular outflow tract and in the aortic root, and in close relationship with the tricuspid valve. No abnormal systolic echoes were seen neither anterior to the interventricular septum nor in the right ventricular outflow tract. The hypothesis that a parachute m. An abnormal linear echo was recorded within the left ventricular outflow tract and in the aortic root, and in close relationship with the tricuspid valve. No abnormal systolic echoes were seen neither anterior to the interventricular septum nor in the right ventricular outflow tract. The hypothesis that a parachute m. An abnormal linear echo was recorded within the left ventricular outflow tract and in the aortic root, and in close relationship with the tricuspid valve. No abnormal systolic echoes were seen neither anterior to the interventricular septum nor in the right ventricular outflow tract. The hypothesis that a parachute mitral valve without significant obstruction at the infravalvar level is not distinguishable echocardiographically from a normal mitral valve, is confirmed in this patient. This case example further clarifies the origin of the anterior cusp echo of the aorta, due to the close proximity between the membranous septum and the right aortic cusp. PMID- 6970479 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis and echocardiography]. AB - The authors present a case of enterococcal bacterial endocarditis in which a high degree of correlation was found between the echocardiographic findings and the anatomical lesions found at autopsy. They review the value of echocardiography as a simple non-invasive technique in the diagnosis and assessment of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 6970480 TI - [Indications of aorto-coronary bypass in chronic coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 6970481 TI - [The relation between polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardio-vascular accidents. I. Study of fatty acid components phospholipids]. AB - Blood plasma lipids of women about seventy years old who had suffered from cardiovascular diseases (AVC) were studied and compared with the plasma lipids of women of about the same age without cardiac troubles. A great difference appears in the unesterified fatty acids of the phospholipids from cardiac women: we have observed a decreasing level of polyunsaturated fatty acids with a carbon chain of more than 18 carbons, and a decreasing ratio between the total concentration of the two precursors (linoleic acid omega and alpha-linolenic acid omega 3) and the total concentration of their long chain polyunsaturated derived fatty acids. On the contrary, we did not observe any significant variation of the unesterified fatty acid level in the plasma. The triglyceride and cholesterol levels also were not different between the two groups of patients. The hypothesis of a lack of elongation and of desaturation of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids by competitive inhibition with oleic acid seems improbable, since the plasmatic concentration of oleic acid was not statistically different. PMID- 6970482 TI - Left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass. Non-invasive study by systolic time intervals. AB - Left ventricular function was evaluated with serial recording of STI intervals in 78 patients with stable angina on effort undergoing coronary and left ventricular cineangiography. On the basis of these data the patients were divided into four groups: OV) nor or mild coronary disease (n. 11); 1V) 70% stenosed vessel; 2V) two significantly affected vessels (n. 32); 3V) three significantly affected vessels (n. 18). Thirty-six patients (9 with one stenosis, 17 with 2, 10 with 3) underwent coronary artery bypass. Thirty-one 8 with one, 15 with 2, 8 with 3) refused the treatment in spite of the same clinical situation and were medically treated. Recordings were performed before medical and surgical treatment and after 6 and 12 months. Initial average values of the patients of 2V and 3V groups showed a shorter LVETI, longer PEPI and higher PEP/LVET ratio than those of 1V and 0V groups. Subjects of 2V group and abnormal left ventricular wall motion showed longer PEPI and higher PEP/LVET than patients of 2V without abnormal wall motion. On first evaluation no differences were observed between surgical and medical groups. The latter did not show any difference after 6 and 12 months. Surgical patients of 2V and 3V showed a longer LVETI, shorter PEPI and a lower PEP/LVET than the medical group. In the surgical group PEPI and PEP/LVET were significantly decreased after surgery while LVETI was prolonged. Our results suggest an improvement of left ventricular performance by coronary artery bypass in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6970483 TI - [Left branch "hemiblock"]. PMID- 6970485 TI - Preliminary clinical trial with a new hypotensive, guanabenz, in a group of hypertensive patients. AB - In a small preliminary clinical trial of guanabenz in 16 hypertensives also under treatment with diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride), blood pressure was safely and completely controlled in 10 (64%), the criterion for "control" being a reduction to the strict level specified by the Society of Actuaries (130/85 m lambda Hg). The dosage of guanabenz was adjusted upward from 16 mg/day until blood pressure normalized or side effects intervened. The 16 patients accumulated 97 months of guanabenz treatment. The 6 unsuccessful cases included only 2 outright therapeutic failures; the other 4 patients discontinued treatment for various reasons: dry mouth and nausea (with good blood pressure reduction); aggravation of existing depression; or generalized urticaria. The fourth patient discontinued for reasons unknown. PMID- 6970486 TI - Evaluation by multivariate analysis of changes in systolic time intervals during exercise in the supine and upright positions. AB - In this study multivariate analysis was adopted to establish how simultaneous changes in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and work load (W) can affect systolic time intervals (STI). Thus, 13 normal volunteers underwent two consecutive exercise stress tests in the supine and upright position on a bicycle ergometer. By multivariate analysis it was shown that, while in the supine position left ventricular ejection time (LVET) is influenced by HR and W (LVET) = 330.6 - 0.76 HR - 0.41 W, F = 224, P is less than 0.001), in the upright position LVET changes are due only to HR variations (LVET = 309 - 0.88 HR, P is less than 0.001). Pre-ejection period (PEP) in both positions is related to HR and W, but this latter has a non-linear influence (supine: PEP = 110.9 - 0.15 HR -0.34 W + 0.0012 W(2), F = 56.4, P is less than 0.001; upright: PEP = 119 - 0.16 HR - 0.5 W + 0.0025 W(2), F = 86.7, P is less than 0.001). Finally, PEP/LVET ratio is correlated both in the supine and upright position with maximal BP, HR and W; however, the influence of HR and BP is different in the two positions (supine: PEP/LVET = 0.259 + 0.00047 BP + 0.00068 HR - 0.00167 W + 0.000013 W(2), F = 5.68, P is less than 0.01; upright: PEP/LVET = 0.201 + 0.0011 HR - 0.00371 W + 0.00016 W(2), F = 4.79, P is less than 0.01). PMID- 6970484 TI - Acute systolic hypertension after acute myocardial infarction: prognostic and therapeutic significance. AB - In this study, the incidence of acute systolic hypertension (ASH) after acute myocardial infarction and the effects of this complication on the clinical course and prognosis of the disease were studied retrospectively in 950 cases. ASH was characterized as an elevation of systolic blood pressure over 170 mmHg for at least 30 minutes in a previously normotensive subject. There were 50 cases with ASH (5.3%) and 370 (38.9%) with normal blood pressures among the studied 950. The incidences of acute left ventricular failure and of arrhythmias such as sinus tachycardia, atrial and ventricular premature beats and ventricular tachycardia were significantly higher in the group with ASH in comparison with those with normal blood pressures. The group with ASH had also a greater average number of recurrent ventricular fibrillation attacks. The peak SGOT levels were found to be significantly increased in cases in whom the ASH sustained for more than 12 hours. The results suggested that the ASH which occurred predominantly in the early period of acute myocardial infarction was associated with more extensive myocardial damage resulting in a poor clinical course complicated by frequent ventricular arrhythmias and left ventricular failure. It is our conclusion that ASH after myocardial infraction is associated with relatively poor prognosis. PMID- 6970487 TI - Serum myoglobin, total CK and MB CK isoenzyme after D.C. cardioversion and during the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Myoglobin, total CK and MB CK isoenzyme were determined in the sera of 6 patients admitted with arrhythmias and treated with D.C. countershock and also in 37 patients with acute myocardial infarction or anginal syndrome. All the three tests were increased in patients with myocardial infarction. Serum myoglobin seems sufficiently sensitive and specific but the time required for the assay is a limiting factor for practical use in emergencies. After electrical cardioversion, myoglobin and CPK remain normal, although MB isoenzyme was increased in two of six patients. These results suggest that electrical cardioversion in itself does not influence serum levels of myoglobin. The occasional increase of MB CK observed after cardioversion seems to be the consequence of an easier release of the enzyme due to a myocardial injury. PMID- 6970488 TI - Mitral valve replacement in a patient with mitral valve prolapse complicated by severe ventricular arrhythmias. AB - A 52 years old woman with mitral valve prolapse and a history of 3 cardiac syncopes occurring during antiarrhythmic therapy underwent mitral valve replacement. Antiarrhythmic drugs had to be continued postoperatively but no major ventricular arrhythmias occurred after surgery. PMID- 6970489 TI - [Complete obstruction of the common trunk of the left coronary vessel. Observation of a case]. AB - A case of complete left main coronary artery obstruction is described. After an anterolateral and inferior subendocardial myocardial infarction, the patient remained symptomatic and underwent an angiographic investigation. Complete left main artery obstruction was disclosed and an important coronary collateral circulation was evidenced. This collaterality explains the absence of extensive transmural myocardial infarction of some patients with left main coronary artery thrombosis. PMID- 6970490 TI - Emergency radionuclide demonstration of Meckel's diverticulum in a patient with perforated ulcer and massive rectal bleedings. AB - A 10-month-old infant was treated for life-threatening rectal bleeding caused by a perforated ulcer in Meckel's diverticulum. Radionuclide imaging with 99mTc pertechnetate was used to demonstrate the diverticulum preoperatively. Early intervention is desirable to avoid uncontrollable bleeding or complications such as perforation in cases of Meckel's diverticula. Routine 99mTc-pertechnetate imaging as recommended today requires prolonged fasting, and its use in emergency situations may be questioned. This case, however, illustrates the usefulness of radionuclide imaging on an emergency basis as well as in the daily routine. PMID- 6970491 TI - Connective tissue changes in syngeneic aortal vein grafts in rats. AB - The supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava was syngeneically transplanted into the infrarenal part of the abdominal aorta in rats of inbred strains. The initial histologic changes coincided with the changes usually seen in wound healing during the inflammatory phase and the phase of fibroplasia. Later the reparative process occurred predominantly in the luminal part of the vein wall, and was usually seen as intimal hyperplasia. In some grafts this process caused a narrowing of the lumen. In this particular experimental model the thickening of the intimal layer was mainly due to organization of fibrin layering thrombus. This was shown by detection of lamellar fibrin deposits and a high concentration of fibronectin in this layer. A large amount of fibronectin was detected in and around the proliferating fibroblasts and in thrombi. This explains the high concentration of fibronectin in the proliferating intimal layer of the graft. PMID- 6970492 TI - Management of massive gastroduodenal haemorrhage. AB - A special program for management of massive gastrointestinal bleeding was 1976 introduced in the surgical service of Sahlgren's Hospital in Goteborg. The main points in this program were: careful observation in an intensive care unit, standardized treatment, early diagnostic gastroduodenoscopy, strict indications for emergency operation and recommendation of type operation. This paper deals with 55 patients subjected to emergency operations in 1976 with the diagnosis erosive gastritis, gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer. The results are compared to an earlier study in 1962-71 in the same hospital. It was found that the mortality was unchanged during the two periods, 25% during 1962-71 and 24% during 1976. At a first glance the new program might seem ineffective. However, the part of elderly patients was much higher during 1976 than during 1962-71. Thus, the patients during 1976 must be considered much more of a surgical challenge. As old patients often have coexisting severe diseases they are surgically most unfit. Probably a more conservative attitude is justified in this particular group of patients. PMID- 6970493 TI - Use-dependent conduction block produced by volatile general anesthetic agents. AB - The ability of tertiary amine local anesthetic, barbiturates, and several volatile general anesthetics to block conduction of the compound action potential was measured in the frog sciatic nerve. Action potentials from large myelinated fibers were monitored using a desheathed nerve preparation in a sucrose-gap chamber. Supramaximal stimuli were applied over a range of stimulus frequencies from 0.1 Hz to 500 Hz. All three anesthetic agents produced a phasic, frequency dependent anesthetic block, which developed with repetitive stimulation and returned to a tonic level when the nerve remained a rest. Saxitoxin produced a frequency-independent block. The frequency-dependent conduction block produced by the teritary amine anesthetic and by the barbiturates were potentiated by elevated Ca2+ in the solution bathing the nerve, but Ca2+ changes did not modify the block produced by any of the volatile anesthetics, so the latter agents probably act by a different mechanism than local anesthetics or barbiturates. PMID- 6970494 TI - Regional cerebral oxygen utilization and blood flow in normal man using oxygen-15 and positron emission tomography. AB - Quantitative determination of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional cerebral oxygen utilization (rCMRO2) and regional oxygen extraction ratio (rOER) was performed in 11 normal volunteers by an oxygen 15 inhalation method and positron emission tomography. Regional values comparable with figures from the literature have been obtained. This non-invasive approach offers the possibility of a simultaneous quantitative evaluation of these physiological parameters in health and disease. PMID- 6970495 TI - Analysis of human vestibulo-ocular reflex during active head movements. AB - The human vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was investigated during active head movements utilizing spectral analysis techniques in order to extract phase and gain characteristics for the most natural stimulus conditions. Three different experimental conditions were examined: 1) head rotation in darkness to obtain data permitting a comparison with that mode of VOR analysis which has been mose frequently employed in the past; 2) head rotation while fixating a stationary target light in order to quantify natural compensatory eye movements; and 3) head rotation while fixating a target light which moved with the head as a fast method for the quantification of visuo-vestibular interaction. High frequency head rotation in darkness yielded gains not significantly different from unity-unlike previously reported results for passive rotation (Benson, 1970; Keller, 1978). Possible mechanisms which might explain these results are discussed. PMID- 6970496 TI - [Protective function of human milk]. PMID- 6970498 TI - HPLC-determination of some antiinflammatory, weak analgesic and uricosuric drugs in human blood plasma and its application to pharmacokinetics. AB - HPLC-determination of naproxen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, fenoprofen ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium, tolfenamic acid, phenylbutazone, mofebutazone, salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, phenacetin, paracetamol, sulfinpyrazone and probenecid by means of an adjustable, rapid accurate and specific method is described. Plasma samples of 0.2 ml were deproteinised and the drugs extracted simultaneously with pure acetonitrile. Aliquots of 25 mul of this primary extract were directly injected on the column. As elution solvent for drug screening was basically used 55% methanol in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 4.0. Optimal separation of some drugs or reasonable elution times for others were obtained by varying the methanol concentration of the elution solvent or possibly its pH. The method used for individual drug determinations is very applicable for therapeutic monitoring purposes as well as for use in pharmacokinetic investigations. As an example, the practical detection limit for naproxen in plasma was about 0.2 microgram ml-1. By concentrating the extract this could be lowered to about 0.04 microgram ml-1. The method was applied in a study of the pharmacokinetics of naproxen in a person, who ingested a single oral dose of 2.5 mg kg-1. Pronounced two-compartment kinetics were found. Vc was 0.038 1 kg-1, Vdss 0.138 1 kg-1, t 1/2 (beta) 21.3 hrs, t 1/2 (alpha) 0.99 hr and t 1/2 (ka) 0.67 hr. PMID- 6970497 TI - Biotypes of capsulated and non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae. Correlation between biotypes and beta-lactamase production. AB - 396 Haemophilus influenzae strains were biotyped according to Kilian. 393 of the strains were assigned to biotypes I to V, while 3 strains remained unclassified. Eighty-nine per cent of the capsulated strains produced both urease and ornithine decarboxylase, biotypes I or IV, while 95 per cent of the non-capsulated strains produced only one of the enzymes, biotypes II, III, or V. Of consecutive strains from the upper respiratory tract, the incidence of beta-lactamase-positive strains was higher among capsulated than among non-capsulated strains (p less than 0.025). None of 133 non-capsulated beta-lactamase-positive strains produced both urease and ornithine decarboxylase, in contrast to 15 out of 147 non capsulated beta-lactamase-negative strains (p less than 0.001). The type e strains were all of biotype IV and 3 of 7 consecutive strains were beta-lactamase positive. PMID- 6970499 TI - Synthesis and local anaesthetic properties of the O- and the N-(2 diethylaminoethyl) derivatives of 2',6'-mandeloxylidide. PMID- 6970501 TI - Analgesia induced by electrical stimulation of the brain stem in animals: involvement of serotoninergic mechanisms. PMID- 6970502 TI - Control of dyskinesias due to sensory deafferentation by means of thalamic stimulation. AB - Intermittent stimulation of the parvocellular portion of the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (V.P.L.) by means of chronically implanted electrodes and stimulus generator was performed in 124 patients for the control of chronic intractable pain. Among these, 11 showed spontaneous abnormal movements within the painful area: 6 post amputation "jumping stumps"; 4 pseudothalamic syndromes and 1 Von Benedikt's syndrome following a cerebrovascular accident. Electrical stimulation of the V.P.L. was able to control both pain and abnormal movements in all cases. The technique was applied with an equally good result in a case of choreoathetotic syndrome without pain but with severe sensory disturbances following a demyelinating process. Attempts made to control action tremor, parkinsonism and other dyskinesias not associated with sensory deafferentation in 12 cases failed. The same mechanism seems to be responsible for pain and dyskinesia in cases of sensory deafferentation, and thalamic stimulation might work as a substitute for sensory information delivered to the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis. PMID- 6970500 TI - Sodium dependence of membrane potential oscillation induced by veratrine. AB - The dependence of the membrane potential oscillation on extracellular sodium concentration was studied in the frog sartorius muscle. (1) When Na concentration of the Ringer solution was decreased to zero, the membrane potential oscillation cesed and the membrane tended to repolarize. This inhibitory effect was reversible. (2) Tetrodotoxin, 10(-7) g/ml, inhibited the development of membrane potential oscillation or stopped within 2--4 min the membrane potential oscillation already developed, the membrane then became partly repolarized maximum to -72mV. The inhibitory effect of tetrodotoxin was also reversible. (3) When the Na concentration of the Ringer solution was reduced to 60 mM the latency time of the membrane potential oscillation did not change. By further decreasing the Na concentration the latency time increased in a hyperbolic function. In case of 10 mM Na the latency period was 7 times longer than the control. (4) The depolarizing effect of veratrine was linearly related to the logarithm of Na concentration in a range from 10 to 120 mM Na. (5). By decreasing the [Na]c from 120 to 10 mM the frequency of oscillation decreased and the amplitude increased linearly as a function of the logarithm of Na concentration. PMID- 6970503 TI - Electrical stimulation of the central gray for pain relief in human: autopsy data. AB - Anatomopathological studies are reported of 5 brains in which electrical stimulation of the periventricular--periaqueductal gray was applied for the treatment of chronic pain. It was found that the recommended target was reached in 4 cases (only 1 case out of 5 was successful as far as a pain relief is concerned). PtIr electrodes caused little tissue reaction. The chronic stimulation had not provoked lesions observable by light-microscopy. PMID- 6970504 TI - Indications and ethical considerations of deep brain stimulation. AB - Electrical impulses through chronically implanted electrodes in the human brain are used today in the relief of chronic crippling pain, motor movement disorders and behavior disturbances. A great number of reports from animal studies and several descriptions of the results produced by human stimulation seem to suggest that pain can often be adequately controlled. However, the perspectives of such methods raise many ethical problems and ask for caution. Nervous tissue damage after long-term stimulation, biochemical modifications, electrode migration and long-term follow-up of its clinical value are still under study and are the factors which might limit for the time being the indications. A restrictive role for this procedure is advocated for: 1. cases of chronic facial pain, 2. cases of chronic pain in other locations where other neurosurgical operations have failed and where the patient is not too young and is not suffering from pain of benign origin. PMID- 6970505 TI - Septal stimulation on painful and symbolic stress. Experimental study. AB - Based on the rewarding effect of septal area, therapeutic stimulation of this region has been applied to surgical management of chronic pain. However some basic problems of this technique remain unsolved. Thus the effect of septal stimulation was tested on an experimental model of painful and symbolic stress, comparing the variations in the pituitary-adrenal axis activity, the peripheral catecholamine levels and the structural changes in gastric mucosa and adrenal glands, between the problem and different control groups. The bioelectrical activity of septal area and anterolateral hypothalamus during stimulation were recorded. A decrease in gastric ulceration and plasma cortisol were observed in the septal stimulation group. No direct influence on the catecholaminic system was noted. A facilitation of septal activity and its influence on hypothalamic rythm were found. All these effects were mainly achieved in the posterior perifornical septal region. PMID- 6970506 TI - Alleviation of atypical trigeminal pain by stimulation of the Gasserian ganglion via an implanted electrode. AB - Facial pain associated with disturbances of sensitivity as a sign of injury of the trigeminal nerve is difficult to treat. Drug therapy as well as blocking procedures are generally ineffective. Transcutaneous nerve stimulation offers a new possibility for pain alleviation but is inconvenient for the patient. A method for stimulation of the gasserian ganglion via an implanted electrode has been developed. Five cases are reported on and they all experienced excellent or good pain relief. Follow-up is 6-21 months. PMID- 6970508 TI - Side effects and long-term results of chronic cerebellar stimulation in man. PMID- 6970507 TI - Chronic cerebellar stimulation for cerebral palsy--five-year study. AB - Two hundred sixty-two patients were implanted with cerebellar stimulator systems since February 1974. Cerebral Palsy (CP) patients constituted 88% (230) of this series. The age range was 3 to 53 years with 70% under 20 years of age. Half the CP series were severely affected with the rest being moderately to mildly involved. Athetosis was present in 50%. The primary effect of CCS has been a lowering of spastic muscle tone in 90% of the patients. Improvements in control of immature reflexes such as startle response, head control, scissoring, balance and sitting occur in the first month. Athetosis progressively decreases to a 50% level. In the moderate mild CP group abilities improve over the first six months leading to better feeding, dressing, and ambulation with clearer speech and less drooling. After six months, 25 of 48 patients were out of wheelchairs, walking. A further 47 patients were ambulating better. No deaths from surgery. Five have died during the 5 years from other causes. Eleven patients (4%) have had infected systems. Equipment problems especially with malfunctioning radio receivers (40%) have served as blind controls--spasticity returning and abilities decreasing. Replacements with another receiver or with a totally implantable lithium powered pacemaker (May 1979) have lead to a return of benefits. Post-mortem findings indicate the low current levels (0.8 uC/sqcm) applied intermittently produced no appreciable damage to the cerebellar cortex. PMID- 6970509 TI - Correlation of clinical and physiological effects of cerebellar stimulation. AB - The value of clinical assessment of patients undergoing chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) is limited by lack of objective measures but neurophysiological tests can be used to "biocalibrate" the stimulator and may be used to predict effects of CCS. Eighty-seven patients undergoing CCS have been assessed clinically and neurophysiologically over the last 4 years. Somatosensory evoked responses were significantly ( p less than 0.05) reduced in amplitude in 35 patients, cortical somatosensory evoked responses in 44 patients and one or both responses were reduced in 55 patients. There were no clinical or physiological changes in 16 patients. Evoked responses showed significant changes in only 3 patients who did not show clinical improvement. The mean voltage settings were 5.2 volts and most patients were stimulated at 200 herz. These results indicate that significant changes in those somatosensory evoked potentials are a good indication of clinical benefits from CCS but clinical improvement may occur in the absence of any acute effect on evoked responses. PMID- 6970510 TI - Chronic self-stimulation of the dentate nucleus for the relief of spasticity. AB - It has been assumed but not yet proved that cerebellar cortical stimulation activates the Purkinje cells, with subsequent inhibition of the deep cerebellar nuclei. However, the relatively crude, widespread excitation induced by several surface electrode arrays and the parameters of stimulation currently used, may produce other effects than selective activation of only one specific cellular type which, furthermore, seems to be rarely present in these particular patients, as demonstrated by biopsy studies prior to electrode placement. The dentate nucleus was chronically implanted with a stimulating system in a patient with spasticity due to cerebral palsy. Chronic self-stimulation induced a significant improvement in motor function, with relief of spasticity and improvement in speech, posture, balance and gait. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated a decrease in the amplitude of V1 and V2 responses and in the H/M and T/M ratios, an increase in the silent period, and marked effects in the H reflex recovery curve, as well as diminished contralateral cortical somato-sensory evoked potentials. This result seems to indicate that the clinical effects of cerebellar cortical stimulation are not due to prosthetically induced inhibition of the dentate nucleus. PMID- 6970511 TI - Experimental percutaneous approach to the trigeminal ganglion in dogs with histopathological evaluation of radiofrequency lesions. PMID- 6970512 TI - Pisces stimulation for motor neurone disease. AB - Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord using the Pisces system (Medtronic Inc.) has been used for treating five patients with motor neurone disease. A short clinical description is given of each case, together with results of stimulation. In all five patients improvement was dramatic, but in two of them the progress of the disease was not halted. One, with advanced bulbar symptoms and signs, died two months after the implantation of the stimulating electrodes, although there had been initial improvement in her condition. One patient was lost to follow up. The period of stimulation in the remaining four patients ranged from eleven to six months. No medication was given other than antibiotics during the initial test phase, and all patients had physiotherapy. The results in these patients warrants continuation of this form of treatment in suitably selected patients. PMID- 6970513 TI - Modulation of T lymphocyte function by copper and thiols. PMID- 6970514 TI - [Treatment of urinary infections with cefaclor]. PMID- 6970515 TI - Study of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. In vitro effect of levamisole on T-lymphocyte population. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes and the "in vitro' changes of the T-cell count after levamisole treatment were studied in twenty-two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in eighteen normal controls using E-rosette assay to quantify T cells and EAC-assay to quantify B-lymphocytes. T-cell count was significantly lower in the patient group compared with the control group. B-cell numbers did not change significantly. The decrease of the T-cell count was accompanied by an increase of the null-cell number in patient groups. The levamisole treatment "in vitro' produced an increase in the active-T and total T-lymphocyte counts and led to the decrease of null-cell numbers. These data confirm the available evidence that levamisole "in vitro' may induce the maturation of immature T-lymphocytes in SLE. PMID- 6970516 TI - Serial exercise testing after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - To determine the duration of functional benefit from coronary bypass surgery, 111 patients with angina pectoris were serially evaluated by standard exercise testing prior to and for up to 4 years after surgery. Exercise testing 6 to 18 months after surgery showed greater heart rate-blood pressure product at peak work load, improved work capacity, and less symptomatic and electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia than was demonstrated preoperatively. Twenty patients were tested 37 to 48 months postoperatively and showed improved exercise performance in comparison with preoperative results, but the frequency of positive tests during this period no longer differed. Thus, improved exercise performance appears to persist for at least 4 years after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6970517 TI - Efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: technique, patient selection, salutary results, limitations and complications. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed in 25 patients and 29 vessels during a 12-month period. In six additional patients scheduled for PTCA, the procedure was cancelled when repeat angiography identified progression to occlusion, coronary spasm, or other adverse factors not previously apparent. PTCA was successful in 14 of 25 patients (56%) and in 18 or 29 vessels (62%); success was associated with clinical improvement in all patients by symptomatology, exercise testing and/or myocardial radionuclide imaging. Beneficial results were particularly achieved with left anterior descending artery lesions and with stenoses showing less than 90% narrowing. One peripheral arterial complication occurred and no patients required emergency surgery. While coronary dissection was detected angiographically in four patients and evidence of coronary spasm was present in three patients post-PTCA, neither was accompanied by untoward early clinical events. Multivessel dilatation in three patients was initially successful but symptoms returned in two during follow-up. Restenosis developed in 3 of 14 patients (21%) after 3 months. Our experience indicates (1) that the specific vessel attempted and lesion severity particularly influence the liklihood of success, (2) the not infrequently induced coronary dissection or spasm does not necessarily represent a serious complication, and (3) angiography repeated in preparation for PTCA identifies a significant minority of patients rwho are no longer candidates. PMID- 6970518 TI - Exertional ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6970519 TI - Hypercalcemia associated with T-cell lymphoma-leukemia. AB - Two adults who had T-cell lymphoma-leukemia and recurrent hypercalcemia in the absence of radiographic evidence of bone disease are described. Bone histopathology showed marked osteoclastic activation. Bone resorbing factors, including both prostaglandin E and a material produced in the presence of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, were detected in the in-vitro culture fluids of malignant cells of one of the patients. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone were not elevated. These findings suggest that hypercalcemia resulted from in vitro osteoclast activation by tumor cell product(s), one of which may be similar, if not identical, to the lymphocyte product osteoclast-activating factor. Two other patients having T-cell lymphoma-leukemia and hypercalcemia have been identified in the literature: the malignant cells of one of these patients also released a calcium-mobilizing factor in vitro. PMID- 6970520 TI - Prostaglandins in histiocytosis-X. PG synthesis by histiocytosis-X cells. AB - Histiocytosis-X cells were obtained at autopsy from the lungs and lymph nodes of a patient who died of the disseminated infantile form of this disease (Letterer Siwe disease). The ability of these cells to synthesize and release prostaglandins was investigated in culture, by prelabeling the cell lipids with [14C] arachidonic acid and measuring the subsequent release of radioactive metabolites. The cells were seen to release primarily PGD2 and thromboxane. Correlative morphologic studies ensured the purity of the cell preparations, ruling out extraneous origin of the prostaglandins from sources other than the lesional histiocytes. Electron-microscopic study confirmed that the same cells that release prostaglandins and are capable of engulfing particles also bear the Langerhans' inclusions considered to be cell markers of histiocytosis-X. The prostaglandin production profile of alveolar macrophages from an infant who died as a result of congestive heart failure, but without histiocytosis, was studied for comparison. These cells produced PGE2 and thromboxane, but not PGD2. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6970521 TI - Acute adolescent menorrhagia. AB - Acute menorrhagia in adolescence is a much underestimated clinical problem, often requiring urgent medical intervention. In a 9-year case review between January, 1971, and January, 1980, we looked at all admissions to a children's hospital for acute menorrhagia, where genital tract pathology had been excluded. A primary coagulation disorder was found in almost 20% of these 59 patients. One quarter of those with severe menorrhagia (hemoglobin less than 10 gm/100 ml), one third of those requiring transfusion, and one half of those presenting at menarche had such an underlying disorder. Therefore, proper screening and therapy are essential in all girls with menorrhagia. Conventional methods of hormonal control are only partially effective in these special cases. PMID- 6970523 TI - Clinical and research aspects of subtotal open-sky vitrectomy. XXXVII Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture. AB - Subtotal open-sky vitrectomy can be used to improve visual function in some eyes for which closed vitrectomy is useless. Open-sky vitrectomy allows easier access for surgical instruments, especially to anterior fundus structures. The technique also improves the visibility of intraocular structures. The surgical procedure, which uses special instruments and high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, is divided into four stages: preparation, operating inside the vitreous cavity, wound closure, and retinal reattachment. In 290 consecutive operations for which complete follow-up data are available, retinal reattachment was achieved in 61 eyes (21%). The greatest number of successes (16 of 30 cases [53%]) was achieved in severe tractional retinal detachments. Such results are encouraging because these eyes were considered inoperable by other techniques. Open-sky vitreous surgery is performed through a corneal incision, but a scleral incision over the pars plana may become the method of choice in selected cases. The development of a preretinal fibrin membrane, as a result of either a closed vitrectomy or an open-sky procedure, may be a major cause of postoperative failure. Hypotony during surgery is probably the main precipitating factor of intraocular fibrin membrane formation. PMID- 6970522 TI - Control of mineral homeostasis during lactation: interrelationships of 25 hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, prolactin, and estradiol. AB - To further define control of mineral homeostasis during lactation, 28 lactating (L) and 20 nonlactating (NL) women were studied at 6 weeks post partum. Serum and urine calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were normal and the same in both groups. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) was the same (L, 18.6 +/- 4.8; NL, 17.0 +/- 5 ng/ml) in spite of a twofold higher intake of vitamin D in the lactating group. The serum fractions containing 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) were lower than in nonpregnant adults in both groups but significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in lactating than in nonlactating women (L, 1.67 +/- 1.7; NL, 2.46 +/- 1.3 ng/ml). 1,25-Hydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) was normal in both groups (L, 25.8 +/ 8.6, NL, 31.8 +/- 8.1 pg/ml). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was normal in both groups (L, 5.6 +/- 2.0; NL, 7.2 +/- 1.9 microliters Eq/ml), and calcitonin (HCT) was equally detectable. As expected, prolactin was higher in the lactating group (L, 46 +/- 36; NL, 14.3 +/- 14.9 ng/ml). Serum prolactin levels had no correlation with serum 1,25(OH)2D. Estradiol was significantly (P less than 0.02) lower in lactating women (L, 78 +/- 23; NL, 105 +/- 28 pg/ml). One could speculate that the lower levels of estradiol in the presence of low 24,25(OH)2D and normal HCT allow bone resorption to occur at a rate adequate to supply the mineral needs of lactation without elevations of either PTH or 1,25(OH)2D. PMID- 6970524 TI - Hereditary Fuchs' dystrophy. PMID- 6970525 TI - The role of T cell sets in the rejection of a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma (S1509a) in syngeneic mice. AB - The ability of different T cell sets to confer protection in mice against a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma, S1509a, was examined. Intravenous infusion of lymph node and spleen cells from A/J donors immunized with S1509a into normal A/J recipients retarded subcutaneous growth of S1509a but did not lead to complete eradication of the tumor during a 9-day period of observation. This protective effect was lost if the transferred cells were treated with anti-Thy 1.2 and complement. The ability of different populations of lymphoid cells to retard tumor growth after inoculation with tumor cells subcutaneously was examined (Winn assay). Nylon-wool-passed cells from lymph nodes and spleens of tumor immunized animals were treated either with anti-Ly 1.2 or with anti-Ly 2.2 antiserums and complement and inoculated with tumor cells in normal A/J mice. The tumor was measured daily for 10 or more days. Ly l cells and unfractionated T cells efficiently suppressed tumor growth; Ly 23 cells had little or no effect. When small numbers of Ly 1 cells were injected along with twice as many Ly 23 cells, the growth of the tumor was also inhibited. Histologic examination of inoculated sites at 24-72 hours after local transfer showed a more intense mononuclear infiltrate in animals inoculated with tumor cells and T cells from immunized animals than in animals given injection with tumor cells alone, or with tumor cells and T cells from nonimmunized animals. The findings indicate that Ly 1 cells are capable of retarding the growth of the sarcoma, presumably by eliciting a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. By contrast, Ly 23 cells, which can mediate cytotoxicity, had little or no effect on tumor growth. PMID- 6970528 TI - Polymorphisms of red-green vision in some populations of Southern Africa. AB - Some 5,000 schoolboys of the Khoikhoi, Negro, "Coloured," and Malay populations were screened with the Ishihara plates, and those with defective red-green vision were diagnosed with an anomaloscope. The findings are presented in terms of the six protan and deutan mutant alleles, a few large population-samples (e.g., Nama and Zulu) being characterized by absence of the allele for protanopia. The overall frequencies of mutants range from less than 1% to over 4%. No correspondence was found between these data and linguistic affinities of eight Bantu-speaking groups, nor between the frequencies of colorblindness and previously estimated proportions of San genes in these eight populations; on the other hand, a north-south cline of increasing frequences of mutants and of dichromacies among the Bantu-speakers was noted. The overall frequency of defective red-green vision among Cape Coloureds, 3.3%, is compatible with previously estimated racial composition of this population. The Malay sample is characterized by the highest frequency of protan mutants (2%), a 1:1 protan deutan ratio, and an overall frequency of 4% of red-green defects. The study illustrates the potential value of anomaloscopic characterization of colorblindness in attempts to evaluate human evolutionary processes. PMID- 6970526 TI - Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase in rosetted T and B lymphocytes of normal human blood. AB - Using electron microscopy and cytochemical techniques, the authors determined the distribution of acid phosphatase (AcPase) within the organelles of lymphocytes from blood rosetted with either neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes (En) or sheep erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement (EACs). Subsequently, the various reactive organelles of the rosetted lymphocytes were counted, affording a comparison of T and B cells. It was found that AcPase was present in approximately 80% of T cells and 45% of B cells and was most frequently observed in secondary lysosomes of varying size and content. Although more T cells than B cells were reactive for AcPase, the extent of reaction in some B cells clearly precludes the use of AcPase for differentiating the two cell lines. It should be recognized that while the En rosetting procedure detects T cells in a nonselective manner, the EAC rosette is a marker of a major subpopulation of B lymphocytes, ie, those bearing complement receptors. We believe that the distribution of lysosomal enzymes in B and T lymphocytes probably reflects the functional state of individual cells rather than being a reliable indicator of cell lineage. A surprising finding (which could be established only by a fine structural study) was the fact that 20% of circulating "resting" T cells contained reaction product for AcPase within endoplasmic reticulum and the perinuclear cisterna indicating that these cells are actively synthesizing AcPase, probably due to a foregoing inductive event. Such stimulus could be the result of recent endocytosis of surface receptors in combination with antigen, antibody, or immune complexes and/or recent mitosis, or possibly some unrelated autophagic incident. PMID- 6970527 TI - Susceptibility to atherosclerosis in aortas and coronary arteries of swine with von Willebrand's disease. AB - The development of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis was determined after balloon catheter injury of coronary arteries and administration of an atherogenic diet in normal pigs and pigs that were homozygous and heterozygous for von Willebrand's disease. Coronary atherosclerosis developed to a similar degree in all three phenotypic groups. The mean intimal thickness at the site of maximal thickness in ballooned vessels was .51 mm in the normal pigs, .67 mm in carrier pigs, and .55 mm in bleeder pigs. The intimal thickness of non-ballooned vessels was .28 mm in normal pigs, .28 mm in carrier pigs, and .35 mm in bleeder pigs. Fibrous lesions of atherosclerosis covered an average of 3.88% of the aorta in normal pigs, 2.83% in carrier pigs, and 2.37% in bleeder pigs. The difference between the aortic lesions of normal animals and bleeders was significant (P less than .05). Absence of von Willebrand factor was associated with limited resistance to atherosclerosis in the aortas of experimental pigs but did not affect the development of atherosclerosis in either ballooned or nonballooned coronary arteries. These findings suggest, first, that von Willebrand factor function is not essential to the development of the atherosclerotic lesion in this model and, second, that the role of the von Willebrand factor in the development of atherosclerosis is complicated and appears to involve interaction with variables not yet defined. PMID- 6970529 TI - Effects of sodium and chloride on potassium transport by the bullfrog kidney. AB - We have studied the effect on K transport of reductions in the Na and Cl concentrations of solutions perfusing the isolated bullfrog kidney. We used recently developed techniques for estimating the unidirectional reabsorptive and secretory K fluxes. Reduction of Na and Cl concentrations in the arterial perfusate from 112 and 100 mM to 22 and 10 mM, respectively, inhibited K secretion 82% and K reabsorption 97%. Reduction of only the Na concentration inhibited K secretion 42% but did not affect K reabsorption. Arterial and portal perfusion with 37 mM Na, 23 mM Cl reduced urine Na concentration to 6 mM and Na reabsorption by 59%. However, K secretion rose 88% and reabsorption fell 76%. Arterial and portal perfusates with 37 mM Na, 100 mM Cl reduced urine Na concentration to 2 mM and Na reabsorption by 46%. Still, K secretion was elevated 57% by an increase in urine flow rate. K reabsorption was not reduced. Arterial and portal perfusates with 112 mM Na, 23 mM Cl, and containing SO4 also stimulated K secretion 26% and inhibited K reabsorption 91%. Thus, reduction of perfusate Na concentration to 22 mM inhibited secretion but 37 mM was sufficient to permit stimulation of secretion by low Cl concentrations and by increased tubular fluid flow rate. Reduction of the perfusate Cl concentration stimulated secretion and inhibited reabsorption. We conclude that a minimum level of Na reabsorption is required to maintain K secretion, but above that minimum level changes in the rate of Na reabsorption do not affect the rate of K secretion. The tubular fluid Cl concentration or the rate of Cl reabsorption affects both reabsorption and secretion of K and, therefore, may be an important regulator of the rate of K excretion. PMID- 6970530 TI - [Treatment of the low-output-syndrome with urapidil and dobutamine (author's transl)]. AB - 12 patients suffering from a low cardiac output syndrome following aorto-coronary bypass-graft surgery were treated with a combined therapy. The left ventricular afterload was decreased by Urapidil, and a low dose positive inotropic agent, dobutamine, was added. The right and left ventricular filling pressures were kept constant by simultaneous volume replacement. Decreasing the mean arterial pressure by Urapidil alone from 122 +/-5 mm Hg to 90 +/-3mm Hg raised the cardiac index from 1.8 1/m2 x min to 2.71 1/m2 x min. By addition od dobutamine 5 mu/kg BW x min the cardiac index was further increased to 3.4 1/m2 x min. The heart rate was unchanged. The pressure-rate-product was decreased by 25% with Urapidil alone (p 7E 0.01) and was only slightly increased after addition of dobutamine. It is concluded that in the patients studied, reduction of the mechanical load on the heart by Urapidil in combination with positive inotropic stimulation of the myocardium by dobutamine improved cardiac haemodynamics without a significant detrimental effect on the myocardial oxygen balance. PMID- 6970532 TI - [Anesthesia using methohexital for thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report their experience of the treatment of essential trigeminal neuralgia by percutaneous thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion (400 patients). This method has always been performed on anesthetized patients, using an ultra short acting barbiturate: methohexital. Most often, two or three successive coagulations are needed to obtain the desired analgesia. No complications have resulted, although 30 p. cent of our patients were over 70 years old. PMID- 6970531 TI - Spermatozoa and cilia lacking axoneme in an infertile man. AB - A case of absence of axoneme both in spermatozoa and in the respiratory tract of the same individual is described. Spermatozoa are normal in shape and in head structure, but have tails containing only mitochondria, accessory fibers and fibrous sheath. Cilia in respiratory cells are present and normally long, but empty, flattened, devoid of microtubules and centrioles, resembling mucous cells microvilli, which are quite shorter. The role of the axoneme in the accessory fibers and cilia morphogenesis is discussed. PMID- 6970533 TI - Failure of naloxone to reverse analgesia from transcutaneous electrical stimulation in patients with chronic pain. AB - To investigate the possible role of endogenous opiates in the mediation of analgesia produced by low intensity, high frequency transcutaneous electrical stimulation in the presence of chronic pain, an attempt was made to reverse stimulation-induced analgesia with naloxone. Fifteen patients with chronic pain who were consistently relieved of pain by low intensity, high frequency transcutaneous stimulation were studied. During stimulation at 58 Hz, patients were given double-blind intravenous injections of either naloxone (0.4 or 1.2 mg) or saline. Subjective pain ratings were recorded before stimulation, after stimulation, and after naloxone and saline injections. No reversal of analgesia was seen after naloxone or saline. These results suggest that transcutaneous stimulation at low intensity and high frequency may provide analgesia that is not associated with release of endogenous opiates in patients with chronic pain. PMID- 6970534 TI - Different responses of monocytes and active T lymphocytes to in vitro challenge of purified protein derivative (PPD) in patients with active tuberculosis and healthy tuberculin reactors. AB - In order to ascertain the roles of phagocytes and T lymphocytes in the defense of tuberculous infection, 21 cases of healthy tuberculin reactors and 45 cases of active tuberculosis were studied with regard to the expression of Fc and complement receptors on phagocytes and changes of surface markers of lymphocytes after in vitro incubation with purified protein derivative (PPD). After PPD stimulation, the monocytes with Fc and complement receptors tended to increase in tuberculin-positive but not in tuberculin-negative patients in patients. Thus the failure of the monocytes to be activated by PPD in vitro correlates with negative skin test in vivo and the inability of the lymphocytes from patients to respond to in vitro PPD activation with increased active T lymphocytes may account for the establishment of tuberculous infection after exposure to virulent tubercle bacilli. PMID- 6970535 TI - A consensus on coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6970536 TI - [Pulmonary emphysema, hepatic lesions, and insulin-dependent diabetes in a patient with alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi ZZ) deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - A 47-year-old patient with panlobular emphysema and insulin-dependent diabetes had an alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype Pi ZZ deficiency. Liver function tests were abnormal, and postmortem examination of the liver demonstrated abnormal intrahepatocytic globules of A1AT (a typical finding when the allele Z is present), but also fibrosis with steatosis. The patient's sister, Pi ZZ, had neither diabetes nor bronchopneumopathy, and no anomalies in liver function. Needle puncture biopsy of the liver had not been conducted. The phenotype Pi ZZ is typically associated with panlobular emphysema in adults, and cholestatic hepatitis in children. From reports in the published literature, it appears that isolated hepatic lesions or those associated with emphysema are rare. The fortuitous association of diabetes and hepatic lesions in this typical case of pulmonary affection in an adult is discussed. PMID- 6970537 TI - [Aplasia of the oval window and the fallopian aqueduct. Cure of deafness by an attico-vestibular piston (3 cases) (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report on three operations for congenital deafness in a brother and a sister, presenting with a malposition of the facial nerve, and an aplasia of the aqueduct of Fallope and the oval window. A full restitution of hearing was obtained by a vestibular-attico teflon piston. The result is of more than ten years standing now for the older of the two cases. PMID- 6970538 TI - Elemental composition of the developing inner ear. AB - The elemental composition of the inner ear fluid-filled compartments has been analyzed using the x-ray energy dispersive technique (CBA mouse). Special attention has been focused on the maturation of endolymph. A few days before and after birth the relative peak intensity of potassium (RK) in the vestibular endolymphatic compartment was slightly surpassing that in the cochlear part of the labyrinth. From the fourth day after birth (DAB) a rapid increase occurred concerning the RK. The highest RK was found in the endolymphatic space in the basal part of the cochlea followed by that in the vestibular endolymph. The lowest RK was measured in endolymph of the apical part of the cochlea. These obvious differences were abandoned already on the sixth DAB. A mature composition of endolymph was reached on the eighth DAB. The present technique does not allow analyses of differences between cochlear and vestibular endolymph with regard to minimal shifts. PMID- 6970539 TI - Idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops and the vestibular aqueduct. AB - The vestibular aqueduct (VA) and endolymphatic sac were examined topographically in 29 human ears with idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops. When compared with 34 control ears, there was found to be a slight but statistically significant reduction in the width (P less than 0.005) and length (P less than 0.05) of the vestibular aqueduct. A small hypoplastic endolymphatic sac was found in three of the ears with hydrops but was also present in one control ear. It would appear that a marked reduction in sac size is not a consistent feature in ears with endolymphatic hydrops. PMID- 6970540 TI - Temporal bone findings in a patient with Mobius syndrome. AB - Temporal bone findings in a case of Mobius syndrome are presented. The most striking pathological feature of the case is that the facial nerves ended in the horizontal segment in the temporal bones on both sides. This finding gives direct evidence that the site of nerve lesion in Mobius syndrome is in the peripheral nerve. Despite the disappearance of facial nerve in the horizontal segment, a neural element reappeared in the vertical segment of the fallopian canal, and moreover, the chorda tympani was found to cross the tympanic cavity in the normal position. This finding suggests that fibers of the chorda tympani sometimes take an alternative pathway via Arnold's nerve. PMID- 6970541 TI - Residual immunogenicity of irradiated spleen cell suspensions after a single intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells in mice. AB - Studies were carried out to characterize the residual immunogenicity located in spleen cells of mice after one single intravenous injection of SRBC. An in vivo system was applied for initiation and expression of the immune response consisting of one intraperitoneally injection of spleen cell suspension from SRBC injected mice in separate groups of recipients in which DTH and secondary humoral response were measured, respectively: six days or four days after the transfer of irradiated spleen cell suspension, the separate groups of recipients being either pretreated with cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) or primed with 5 X 10(5) SRBC. The residual immunogenicity was found to be located in a population of radio resistant (10,000 rads) adherent spleen cells. The same population derived from naive mice injected together with the native antigen did not modify the immune response as compared with those induced by the antigen alone. Furthermore, irradiated spleen cell suspensions from SRBC-injected mice were not able to transfer adoptively DTH sensitivity in naive recipients. Accordingly to the test used to evaluate the residual immunogenicity, it was found that the kinetics of residual immunogenicity able to induce DTH was different from those which stimulate the secondary humoral response. Furthermore, it was found that distinct variations of residual immunogenicity for DTH and antibody formation were induced by varying host manipulations, such as non-specific stimulation of the reticulo endothelial system, specific activation of T cells involved in DTH or helper function or induction of a state of anergy. It appears, therefore, that the same population of radio-resistant adherent spleen cells are able to induce an immune response and to dispatch information to cells involved in DTH or those involved in antibody synthesis. Moreover, depending upon conditions of immunization, varying subsets of T cells are able to modify the dispatching function of these cells in the processing or presentation of antigen to committed or non-committed lymphocytes. PMID- 6970543 TI - Intermittent decortication and progressive hyperthermia, hypertension and tachycardia following methylglucamine iothalamate ventriculogram. AB - A case of intermittent decortication and progressive hyperthermia, hypertension and tachycardia is reported in connection with the use of methylglucamine iothalamate as an agent for ventriculography in a stereotactic procedure. PMID- 6970542 TI - Lymphotoxin and chemotactic factor produced in vitro by human lymphocytes during their proliferative response in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin and Nocardia water-soluble mitogen. AB - The present investigation was initiated for the purpose of elucidating which cell type, T and/or B lymphocytes, were responsible for human lymphotoxin (LT) and human chemotactic factor (CF) production in vitro. T- and B-enriched subpopulations were tested for proliferative responses and lymphokine release in the presence of a human T mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and a human B mitogen, Nocardia water-soluble mitogen (NWSM). We found that PHA-stimulated T cells produced LT and CF whereas NWSM-stimulated B-enriched subpopulation released LT and CF. PMID- 6970544 TI - Inactivation of luciferase from the Luminous marine bacterium Beneckea harveyi by proteases: evidence for a protease labile region and properties of the protein following inactivation. PMID- 6970545 TI - Disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex infection in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - We report two cases of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption that occurred in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The purpose of this report is to emphasize that cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is among the chronic skin disorders that may predispose to cutaneous dissemination of viral infections. PMID- 6970546 TI - Allergic reaction to sunscreen products. PMID- 6970547 TI - Photocontact allergy to benzocaine. AB - A photodermatitis developed in two patients after the use of commercial sunscreens and a topical anesthetic lotion containing benzocaine. Photopatch testing indicated the presence of photocontact allergy to benzocaine. One patient had a positive photopatch test to a commercial glyceryl para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) preparation that was heavily contaminated with benzocaine, but not to a benzocaine-free sample of glyceryl PABA. Benzocaine failed to produce phototoxic reactions in normal volunteers. Efforts to induce photocontact allergy in guinea pigs were unsuccessful. PMID- 6970548 TI - Immunocompetence of children with frequent respiratory infections. AB - 119 children with recurrent respiratory infections were investigated for immunocompetence. They were divided into two groups. The first, group A, comprised children who had had predominantly upper respiratory infections. Group B comprised those who had had repeated pneumonia in addition. The groups were comparable for gender and age (mean 4.2 years). All the children had reduced neutrophil chemotaxis, reduced neutrophil fungicidal capacity, and perhaps reduced T-cell percentages. Group B children had, in addition to the above, decreased neutrophil bactericidal capacity and a more marked depression of neutrophil chemotaxis. In both groups, some children had reduced immunoglobulin concentrations while others had either normal or increased concentrations. Serum complement, neutrophil iodination, and mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation were comparable with adult controls in both groups. PMID- 6970549 TI - [The effect of a new C-nucleoside on protein synthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970550 TI - Antibody-dependent and phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - An investigation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using both whole blood and purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) to measure antibody-dependent (ADCC) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity for Chang liver cells, has revealed 2 distinct abnormalities in patients with active disease. PHA induced cytotoxicity was found to be selectively reduced in whole blood assays only (P less than 0.05), whereas ADCC was impaired in both whole blood (P = 0.02) and PBM (P less than 0.05) assays, when comparison was made with 52 normal controls. The addition of patients' sera to corresponding assays utilizing control PBM confirmed that the impaired PHA-induced cytotoxicity resulted from circulating inhibitory serum factors. Surprisingly little effect, however, was exerted on ADCC assays. These findings suggest that there is a reduction in numbers and/or functional capacity of Fc-receptor cells in active SLE, which may have pathogenetic implications. PMID- 6970551 TI - In-vitro T cell mediated function in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In-vitro synthesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis was measured after stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in a short-term, serum-free culture system. Diminished responses were found in 16 out of 17 consecutive patients with active disease. Normal PHA responsiveness was recovered by assaying Ficoll-Hypaque isolated E rosette forming cells in serum free medium, indicating basically normal T cell function in RA. Preincubation of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (or isolated E rosette forming cells) with sera obtained from patients with active RA for 30 minutes at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C blocked PHA responsiveness in 34 out of 43 tests. This suggests that serum blocking factors may be responsible for reduced T cell reactivity in RA. PMID- 6970552 TI - Circulating immune complexes, serum immunoglobulins, and acute phase proteins in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. AB - Raised levels of circulating immune complexes were found in the plasma of 47% of patients with psoriasis and in 58% of those with psoriatic arthritis. The mean levels were significantly raised when compared with normals, but there was no difference between the 2 patient groups. The levels of acute phase proteins (C reactive protein, fibrinogen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and the 9th component of complement) were normal in those patients with psoriasis but were significantly raised in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Serum immunoglobulin G and A levels were equally raised in both patient groups, immunoglobulin M being normal. C reactive protein and fibrinogen gave the best correlation with the clinical index of disease activity. PMID- 6970553 TI - "Vibrio alginolyticus" enteritis. PMID- 6970554 TI - [Autochthonous and imported amebiasis: description of 2 clinical cases]. AB - Two cases of intestinal amoebiasis, one of which autochthonous and the other acquired in Africa, are described. The first of the patients, who never moved to the Tropics nor to Southern Italy, had profuse bloody diarrhea leading to hypovolemic shock; the second case was characterized by massive hemorrhage. Both responded well to appropriate treatment. Infection with E. histolytica should be borne in mind in patients with abdominal symptoms not only if they have travelled in the Tropics, but also in temperate regions, including Northern Italy. PMID- 6970555 TI - Pseudocyst of the pancreas complicating distal splenorenal shunt. A report of three cases with successful percutaneous drainage. AB - Three cases of pseudocysts of the pancreas complicating the operative procedure of distal splenorenal shunt are reported. In all of these patients, gross changes in the pancreas, consistent with chronic pancreatitis were found. Attention is called to the possibility of this complication occurring in association with this particular operation, specifically, when it is carried out in patients who may prove to have a considerable degree of pancreatic and retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to alcoholic pancreatitis. All three pseudocysts were satisfactorily managed by percutaneous drainage under ultrasonic control, which provided a very satisfactory alternative to surgical decompression. PMID- 6970556 TI - Aortocoronary bypass with homologous saphenous vein: long-term results. AB - Between February 1973, and February, 1979, 27 homologous saphenous veins were used in 20 patients (mean age, 54 years). Seven fresh grafts were used less than 24 hours after severance. They were kept at a temperature of 4 degrees C in saline solution containing penicillin. Twenty cryopreserved grafts were used within a period of eight days to 2 months from severance. They were preserved in glycerol at a temperature of -40 degrees C. One patient (5%) died postoperatively. A perioperative myocardial infarction developed in 3 patients (15%). Average follow-up is 27 months. No late mortality was registered. Fifteen patients are free from symptoms, and 3 patients have residual angina with exercise. Control angiograms were made in 13 patients 1 to 68 months after operation; 17 homografts were seen. Early occlusion of 1 graft and late occlusion of 8 grafts were registered. The poor late patency rate does not seem to be related to either histocompatibility or technical conditions. Conversely, microscopic examination of several cryopreserved grafts showed that the mode of preservation resulted in deterioration of intimal and medial tissues of the vein. Therefore, it appears to us that the use of homologous saphenous veins should be avoided for coronary bypass. PMID- 6970558 TI - Diet and myocardial infarction. PMID- 6970559 TI - Effects of aspirin and acetaminophen in gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Results from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program. AB - All patients observed in this analysis of the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program data had no known disease predisposing them to gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Major GI bleeding occurred in hospitalized patients recently exposed to ethacrynic acid (5/111; 4.5%), heparin sodium (7/575; 1.2%), corticosteroids (7/1,484; 0.5%), aspirin (6/2,081; 0.3%), and warfarin sodium (1/423; 0.2%); combinations of two or more of these drugs also resulted in substantial incidences of bleeding. The rates for minor GI bleeding in hospitalized patients varied from 8.3% for heparin to 1.6% for aspirin. In outpatients admitted because of serious GI bleeding, 14/88 (16%) had a history of heavy, regular aspirin use compared with 1,015/14,813 (6.9%) control subjects admitted for other reasons (relative risk, 2.1). No association between light regular use of aspirin and GI bleeding was noted. No association between the use of acetaminophen and GI bleeding was noted in any of the patients studied. PMID- 6970557 TI - Coronary embolism: surgical management. AB - The successful use of Fogarty catheter embolectomy combined with aortocoronary vein bypass graft in 4 patients with an acute myocardial infarction is presented. Three patients sustained acute occlusion of the coronary artery secondary to an embolus during cardiac catheterization. In the fourth patient, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded with a fragment of calcium debris during aortic valve replacement. All patients survived the operation. Acute occlusion of the coronary artery secondary to an embolus is uncommon, but its early recognition and appropriate surgical management may be lifesaving. PMID- 6970560 TI - Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Predisposing factors, diagnosis, and therapy. AB - The mortality from upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding has remained constant at 10% during the past 40 years. Many drugs may precipitate upper GI tract bleeding by disrupting the gastric mucosal barrier. Aspirin-induced injury to the gastric mucosa and GI tract bleeding have been documented in many studies; some of the mechanisms involved are known, but others are still being investigated. An approach to the bleeding patient is suggested; initial resuscitation, history taking, physical examination, determination of bleeding levels, and diagnostic procedures to determine the cause of bleeding are reviewed. Also described are available therapies for GI tract bleeding-gastric lavage, drug therapy, endoscopic control, electrocautery, thermal probe, tissue adhesive, and laser photocoagulation. The merits of the argon laser and the neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser (both still in experimental stages) are described and compared. No pharmacologic or endoscopic therapies for upper GI tract bleeding have been proved effective. PMID- 6970561 TI - [Blast transformation of lymphocytes stimulated with lysosomal antigen in patients with intestinal amebiasis]. PMID- 6970562 TI - Projections of the caudate nucleus in the cat. AB - Circumscribed lesions of the caudate nucleus were made in four cats and two kittens. A third kitten was lesioned in the Middle Forebrain Bundle (MFB). Cats were sacrificed 8 days after the lesion and perfused intraventricularly with 10 per cent Formalin. Kittens were sacrificed 3 days after the lesion. Coronal frozen sections of the brains were made and studied under the light microscope with the Fink and Heimer staining method. Degeneration was observed in the contralateral caudate nucleus, in the homo and contralateral putamen, in the globus pallidum and in the accumbens. The substantia nigra was intensely involved as well as the red nucleus and the mesencephalic reticular formation. Patches of degeneration were also found in the superior colliculus and in the thalamus. As a preliminary conclusion we think that the projection of the caudate reaches all those structures by the middle forebrain bundle. The degeneration of the contralateral areas could be explained through a path of the anterior commissure. PMID- 6970563 TI - Progressive pontobulbar palsy with deafness: clinical and pathological study of two cases. AB - Among the hereditary affections of the nervous system associated with deafness, a rare condition called "progressive pontobulbar palsy with deafness" has been described. In this slowly progressive condition, hearing loss and vestibular are flexia are almost always the first symptoms, occurring in late childhood or early adulthood. Only 18 cases-some sporadic, several familial-have been published without a full report of pathological findings. The clinical and pathological data of two new cases-one familial, one sporadic-are described here. There are differences from other forms of bulbar paralysis, lower motor neuron diseases, and some spinocerebellar hereditary affections. In view of the homochrony and homotypy in familial cases and the pathological findings, progressive pontobulbar palsy with deafness appears to be an abiotrophic process wih autosomal recessive inheritance. PMID- 6970565 TI - Vestibular fenestration and stapedioplasty in congenital stapes and vestibular window abnormality. AB - In this paper the results of vestibular fenestration and stapedioplasty in cases of congenital stapes deformity and vestibular window abnormality are presented. The problems in the surgical reconstruction of the middle ear transmission system, especially the importance of the areal ratio between the tympanic membrane and the vestibular window and the ossicular lever action, are discussed. The following conclusions were reached: 1. The area of the new vestibular window should be greater than 2.0 x 1.0 mm, i.e., one third of normal. 2. Hearing gain was about 1.5 times better after incus-stapedioplasty than after malleus stapedioplasty. It is recommended that an effort be made to adopt incus stapedioplasty whenever possible. PMID- 6970564 TI - Epidermal growth factor receptors on corneal endothelium. AB - If a growth factor could bind to and stimulate human endothelial healing, corneal disease could be minimized. To this end, primary cultures of feline and human corneal endothelium were tested in receptor binding assays for radiolabeled epidermal growth factor (EGF). Both of these cells bound ten times as much 125I EGF as did the negative control cell lines. The time course of association of 125I-EGF to cat corneal endothelium was found to be complete after approximately 120 minutes at 22 degrees C. The 125I-EGF was shown not to dissociate greatly when fresh binding buffer was added to endothelial cultures that had bound the radiolabeled peptide. The pH optimum for binding was determined to be approximately 6.4. The receptor number per cell and the affinity constant for binding were determined to be 40,000 receptors per cell and 1.1 x 10(9) L/mole, respectively, using a Scatchard plot. Parallel cultures of human fetal corneal endothelium grew in vitro only when the growth medium was supplemented with low concentrations of EGF. These studies provide evidence that EGF is specifically bound to the corneal endothelium. PMID- 6970566 TI - Extent of reaction capacity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. AB - On theoretical grounds, a high capacity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, compensating for head velocities above 300 degrees/s, is assumed. However, in man the maximum eye speed, induced by solely vestibular stimuli, is only 100 degrees/s. With the usual clinical tests is seems impossible to get a sufficient strength of stimulus that would correspond to a strong physiological stimulus. With a systematic investigation with fistula symptoms finally a patient was found with an ideal mechanism of release of the fistula symptom. The maximum eye speed of the compensatory phase was 315 degrees/s. In this case, the vestibular phase was quicker than the so-called rapid phase. This now proven high reaction capacity constitutes the "missing link" between the hypothetical high capacity of the systems concept and the until now measured, only limited reactions after solely vestibular stimulation. For most physiological stimuli, i.e., quick head movements, the system can act as a simple reflex organ, being a velocity transducer with linear function thus successfully maintaining ocular fixation. PMID- 6970568 TI - Histological evidence of specialized microcirculation of the endolymphatic sac. AB - A specialized type of blood vessel is demonstrated within the dense soft tissue areas of the vestibular aqueduct and vascular channels of the surrounding bone, including the paravestibular canaliculus (PVC). The vessel wall is formed by the collagen-smooth muscle bundles of these areas. The lumen of these vessels is irregular, and segments appear to be closed by apposition of the bundles. The vessels are continuous with the capillaries of the endolymphatic sac. It is not clear whether they are on the venous side of the capillary system, or on the arterial side and might possibly be part of an arteriovenous anastomoses system. Their possible role in some cases of Meniere's disease must be considered. PMID- 6970567 TI - [The facial nerve as a carrier of secretory fibres for the parotid gland (author's transl)]. AB - In patients with unilateral facial nerve paresis the parotid reflex secretions of both sides were measured and chemically analyzed to investigate whether an alteration of composition and volume of parotid secretion could be demonstrated in facial nerve paresis, i.e., whether a functional influence of the facial nerve on the parotid gland could be recognized. Flow rate as well as protein and alpha amylase concentrations were determined in the parotid secretions. A highly significant decrease of flow rates (ml/min) was observed on the paretic side whereas no differences could be found in the concentrations of protein and amylase. These results can be explained by assuming intratemporal anastomoses between the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. An additional analysis by topodiagnostic criteria makes it likely that this anastomosing takes place only distal to the geniculate ganglion. PMID- 6970569 TI - [Nystagmus findings during sudden deafness and their estimation (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy-three of 172 patients with sudden deafness had a vestibular participation. The found forms of spontaneous and provoked nystagmus, their partial combination with thermic under- or non-excitability of the labyrinth as well as vertigo complaints of the patients are described, especially in their temporal course during the illness. The frequent vestibular participation during sudden deafness entitles to introduce the term "range of forms of peripheral vascular conditioned labyrinthine disturbances", whose cornerstones are the sudden isolated peripheral deafness and the sudden isolated peripheral vestibular loss with a number of intermediate forms. In addition to this, the stronger consideration of the vestibular findings during sudden deafness facilitates the otherwise often difficult differential diagnosis of Meniere's syndrome: that one differs by the lacking increase of direction-fixed spontaneous or positional nystagmus to the cochlearly injured ear, incidences of central forms of nystagmus, and the possibility of temporal occurrence of the vestibular findings after the cochlear damage. PMID- 6970570 TI - Caloric testing by continuous automatic alternating irrigation. AB - Quantitative caloric test results show a high variability. They were described as questionable by Frenzel (1955) and a review of the test was recommended by Hood (1973). Thus, we developed a new method: continuous automatic alternating irrigation. An irrigator is connected to two water-baths of 30 degrees C and 44 degrees C. A time-relays switches over from one bath to the other every 60 s. The continuous, but alternating, irrigations produce subsequently alternating exponential temperature waves in the temporal bone. The mathematical model shows a quasi-periodicity and sufficient symmetry of the alternating thermal gradient across the canal, except for the first stimulus. After 11 irrigations of 60 s, a short (20 s) "washout" irrigation terminates the sequence. By the five repetitions of each stimulus and the additional possibility of correlating the response to the paper-marked stimulus periodicity the judgement is far more reliable and therefore, in doubtful cases, despite the five-fold data, quicker. The technical device is simple enough for routine use and inexpensive. The results of the caloric test are now much more clear-cut and the correlation to a known clinical pathology is remarkably high. PMID- 6970571 TI - Acoustic neuroma surgery. Translabyrinthine-transtentorial approach via the middle cranial fossa. AB - In our approach for acoustic tumors, the method of Morrison and King and that of Bochenek and Kukwa have been modified into one method. This modified method is basically a neuro-otological-neurosurgical team approach, extending the operative field by drilling the temporal bone and cutting the superior petrosal sinus, tentorium, and posterior fossa dura according to the size of the tumor. Therefore, for tumors slightly protruding into the posterior fossa from the prous of the internal auditory canal, only the bone adjacent to it is removed (Bochenek et al's method). For larger tumors, labyrinthectomy and mastoidectomy with the separation of the superior petrosal sinus and the tentorium and posterior fossa dura are also performed. In Morrison et al.'s method, the translabyrinthine approach is done first and the middle cranial fossa approach is performed thereafter. In contrast, in the modified method, drilling the bone from the middle cranial fossa to the tip of the mastoid--labyrinthectomy and mastoidectomy -is the first thing done after elevating the temporal lobe and revealing the middle cranial fossa, and the internal auditory canal is opened thereafter. Thirty-five cases of acoustic tumors and other cerebello-pontine angle tumors were operated on during the past 3.5 years through the middle cranial fossa. Among 30 cases of acoustic tumors, eight cases in which the tumors were confined to the internal auditory canal were operated on through the middle cranial fossa. In four cases, Bochenek et al's method was performed in which bones adjacent to the internal auditory canal and a part of the labyrinth are removed without cutting the superior petrosal sinus. In 23 cases including five cerebellopontine angle tumors, the modified translabyrinthine-transtentorial approach through the middle cranial fossa was done. This modification has the advantage that severe postoperative complications are less frequent. The surgical technique and the results are discussed. PMID- 6970572 TI - Embryogenesis of the inner ear. IV. Post-natal maturation of the secretory epithelia of the inner ear in correlation with the elemental composition in the endolymphatic space. AB - The rise of the potassium concentration in the endolymphatic space occurred between the 4th and 8th day after birth (DAB). During this time morphological maturation of the stria vascularis was ended. The increasing concentration of potassium in the developing endolymph parallelled in the vestibular and cochlear parts of the labyrinth. The dark cell epithelium surrounding vestibular organs was, however, ultrastructurally mature at birth except for an increase of the number of intercellular digitations toward the basal membrane maturing during the first days postpartum. The maturation of endolymph thus took place prior to the development of the endocochlear potential. PMID- 6970573 TI - Immunological function in glomerulonephritis. AB - Aspects of humoral and cellular immunity and of the complement system were examined in 44 patients with glomerulonephritis, and in control subjects. A number of patients with glomerulonephritis were shown to have evidence of altered immunity which may reflect underlying mechanisms of glomerular injury. Mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis was associated with elevation of serum IgA levels (P less than 0 . 001), and focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis with raised serum IgM (P less than 0 . 001). Serum IgG levels were abnormal in 15 patients with glomerulonephritis. The haemagglutinating antibody response to tetanus toxoid was reduced in patients compared with controls. Levels of serum complement components were increased, with some exceptions, and C-reactive protein levels were also significantly raised (P less than 0.001), findings consistent with an ongoing inflammatory process. No impairment in response to recall antigens or sensitisation to dinitrochlorobenzene was found, but phytohaemagglutinin induced lymphocyte transformation was reduced in some forms of the disease. PMID- 6970574 TI - Coronary bypass in an airline pilot. AB - The case of a 42-year-old airline captain grounded for obstructive coronary artery disease is reviewed. The investigation showed two selective lesions on one vessel. A bypass procedure was successful. Postoperative evaluation demonstrated an above-average physical performance without any symptoms. Adequate blood flow in the coronary bed and no heart muscle damage were also shown. The criteria for return to work are discussed. PMID- 6970575 TI - Isotope-dilution analysis of the effects of deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine on the incorporation of thymidine and deoxycytidine by hydroxyurea-treated thymus cells. AB - It is presumed that the dGTP and dATP needed for replicative DNA synthesis can be formed by way of either ;salvage' pathways or biosynthesis de novo. This was examined by adding hydroxyurea to cultures of rat thymus cells to inhibit ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, a key enzyme of the ;de novo' pathway. Most of the inhibition of the incorporation of [Me-(3)H]thymidine and deoxy[5 (3)H]cytidine by low concentrations of hydroxyurea (100-500mum) was prevented by substrates of the salvage pathway (400mum-deoxyguanosine and, to a lesser extent, 200mum-deoxyadenosine). However, isotope-dilution studies indicated that the purine deoxyribonucleosides prevented inhibition by decreasing pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide competitor pools. Evidence was obtained that a hydroxyurea induced increase in the thymidine-competitor pool (probably dTTP) was prevented to an equal extent by deoxyguanosine and by the inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, deoxy-5-fluorouridine. These compounds had almost identical effects on hydroxyurea dose-response curves and on thymidine isotope-dilution plots. The evidence suggests that exogenous purine deoxyribonucleosides cannot prevent the inhibition by hydroxyurea of thymus-cell DNA synthesis. This could mean that, with respect to the metabolism of purine deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase is tightly coupled to DNA polymerase in a multienzyme complex. The complex would not permit entry of exogenous metabolic intermediates into the ;de novo' pathway, but would still be subject to the regulatory effects of these intermediates. Thus dGTP and dATP formed from exogenous purine deoxyribonucleosides by salvage pathways might deplete pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide competitor pools by inhibiting relatively hydroxyurea insensitive activities of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. PMID- 6970576 TI - Increase in polymerized liver tubulin during stimulation of hepatic plasma protein secretion in the rat. PMID- 6970577 TI - Survivorship in systemic lupus erythematosus: effect of antibody to extractable nuclear antigen. AB - The course of 81 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had sera tested for antibody to extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) was studied to determine the effect of the presence of antiENA antibody on survivorship. There were no differences in percent survival between the patients with and without antibody to ENA or those with and without antibody to the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) component of ENA. We conclude that there is no prognostic advantage to the presence of either antiENA or antiRNP antibody in patients with SLE. PMID- 6970578 TI - Characterization of the immunocompetent cells of rheumatoid synovium from tissue sections and eluates. AB - T lymphocytes positively identified by alphanaphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) (70%) were localized in perivascular "cuffs" in rheumatoid synovia. ANAE-negative lymphocytes (B lymphocytes) were primarily within the reactive lymphoid centers, whereas intracellular Ig-expressing plasma cells were outside the centers. Lysozyme of diffuse ANAE expressing mononuclear phagocytes (5-15%) were diffusely dispersed, but were seldom found in the lymphoid centers. There were few granulocytes (10%). On elution, plasma cells and lymphocytes were lost. Most granulocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in the eluate were immunoglobulin positive. The in situ architecture is compatible with active immunologic inflammation and T-dependent immunoglobulin synthesis. PMID- 6970579 TI - [The angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: clinical, pathological and immunological observations on a case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors, after a review of the clinical pathological aspects of the angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, report a case studied by means of clinical, pathological and immunological aspects. On the basis of the results a hypothesis on the pathogenesis and treatment is postulated. PMID- 6970580 TI - [Peripheral (end-organ) vertigo) (author's transl)]. AB - The physical examination and symptoms (vertigo, nystagmus and muscular asymmetry) of patients with typical vertigo are reviewed after a brief description of anatomic and physiologic features of the vestibular system. According to the daily clinical practice, the etiology, pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of peripheral vestibular syndromes are discussed. A review of the therapeutic approach to peripheral vertigo is presented. PMID- 6970581 TI - [Evaluation of various laboratory tests for the diagnosis of septicemia in the newborn infant]. AB - In order to evaluate the usefulness of some laboratory studies in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, a prospective study was done in 56 patients: Group I (n = 19) with a single infectious site, group II (n = 16) with two infectious sites and group III (n = 21) with two infectious sites and positive blood culture. All of them had platelet count, erythrosedimentation rate (ESR), alpha-1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, and C-reactive protein made; according to the results we gave an arbitrary low score when it was between 0 and 2 high when it reached 3 to 6 points. During the acute phase of the illness, 86% of the infants of group III, 69% of group II and 5% of group I had a high score. Even though the diagnostic possibilities were increased with the use of alpha-1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid and C-reactive protein, we think that these laboratory studies are not more useful than platelet count and ESR in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. PMID- 6970582 TI - [The microsomal antibody (LKM) in liver pathology: its association with other autoantibodies]. AB - Twenty patients found LKM antibody positive during the routine screening for autoantibodies, were studied for the association with other autoantibodies. Sixteen sera (80%) were found positive either for ANA (50%) or SMA (50%) or both (20%). Eleven patients (55%) were over 40 years old, 3 patients were HBsAg+ve, 4 have toxic and alcohol-related liver disease. These results provide evidence that the LKM antibody is not confined to young people chronic active hepatitis, but is present also in CALD of adult with various etiology. Its association with other autoantibodies (especially ANA) suggest that also LKM could be a marker of autoimmunity. The presence of ANA may be an expression of more severe stages of the disease. PMID- 6970585 TI - Dosage of ici 35 868. PMID- 6970583 TI - [Findings of computed tomography in multiple sclerosis-correlation of clinical findings with computed tomography in clinically definite 14 patients of multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - Recent introduction of Computed Tomography (CT) in clinical neurology made it possible to visualize the brain lesion without any invasive procedures. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the demyelinating foci were reported to be observed as low density areas on CT, but occasionally contrast enhanced high density areas were reported also. So far as we know, only a few reports which analysed interrelationship between clinical signs and CT findings were published. In this report we tried to examine the correlation of clinical findings with CT in MS. All scans were performed using an EMI head scanner (EMI 1000) with a 160 X 160 matrix. Contrast material was administered as an intravenous bolus of 60% meglumine iothalamate. In clinically definite 14 MS patients, CT showed localized, circumscribed low density areas in 4 patients, periventricular low density in 1 patient, widening of cortical sulci with ventricular dilatation in 11 patients and no abnormalities in 3 patients. The widening of cortical sulci with ventricular dilatation were noted to be particularly common findings. The periventricular low density was not so frequently seen as we expected. Localized, circumscribed low density areas on CT were well correlated with the neurological findings in 2 patients. In these cases the abnormalities on CT persisted in spite of neurological improvement. As a conclusion, we think CT might be useful as a diagnostic evaluation of MS. PMID- 6970584 TI - [Computed tomography in leptomeningeal and ventricular spread of primary brain tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Of 8000 consecutive patients studied with computed tomography, 10 patients with primary intracranial tumors (germinoma, medulloblastoma, malignant teratoma and glioblastoma) showed ventricular or leptomeningeal spread of the tumor cells. In patients with leptomeningeal spread, computed tomography showed obliteration of basal cisterns and sulci with isodense or slightly hyperdense mass, which was markedly enhanced following administration of the contrast medium. In cases of ventricular spread, a narrow zone of high density was noted on the ependymal surface, and it was also markedly enhanced with the contrast medium. Similar CT scan appearance of contrast enhancement in the subarachnoid space or in the ventricular surface was, however, noted also in the infectious processes such as basal arachnoiditis or ependymitis, and the differentiation of the neoplastic process from the infectious lesions seemed impossible based on the CT scan appearance alone. PMID- 6970586 TI - A study of three doses of ici 35 868 for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. AB - Three doses (1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg kg-1) of diisopropyl phenol (ICI 35 868) were compared for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in healthy females undergoing short gynaecological procedures. Induction of anaesthesia was smooth and rapid. Cardiovascular changes (which were dose-dependent) included a decrease in arterial pressure and an increase in heart rate. These changes were magnitudes comparable to those reported for other induction agents. Recovery from the effects of the drug was rapid and uneventful. PMID- 6970588 TI - M2 alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype and primary liver cancer. PMID- 6970589 TI - Effects of trimethoprim on leukaemic cells in vitro. AB - Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is a fixed combination of antibiotics which is widely used for prophylaxis and treatment of infections in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. TMP has been reported to inhibit growth of haemopoietic stem cells in vitro. If TMP-SMZ inhibits leukaemic cell growth, it could interfere with antileukaemic treatment, especially with S phase specific agents. TMP-SMZ at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (TMP) produced 50% inhibition of incorporation of 3H-deoxyuridine in DNA of L1210 and human lymphoblastic leukaemia cell. TMP-SMZ (1 g/ml TMP) produced 30% prolongation of doubling time of L1210 in vitro. Pure TMP (10 micrograms/ml) but not SMZ (50 micrograms/ml) produced the same effect as TMP-SMZ. Cell inhibitory effects could be completely reversed by folinic acid. These findings suggest that TMP produces some degree of inhibition of dihydrofolic acid reductase in mammalian cells and can potentially influence the effects of chemotherapy on tumour and/or host cells. PMID- 6970587 TI - Human myeloid leukaemic cell interactions in vitro with normal myeloid colonies. AB - To determine whether myeloid leukaemic cells could inhibit normal myeloid colony formation, leukaemic cells at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 8 X 10(6)/ml were co-cultured in agar but separated by a 1 ml underlayer from 10(5) low density (less than 1.077 g/ml) nonadherent normal marrow cells. Inhibition of normal-marrow myeloid colony formation occurred regularly at high cell concentrations (8 X 10(6)) at a leukaemic:normal cell ratio of 80:1. This suppression persisted with addition of indomethacin (10(-6)M). On the other hand, both low leukaemic cell numbers and irradiated leukaemic cells frequently stimulated normal colony growth. No inhibitor of colony growth could be detected in leukaemic-conditioned media, and absorption of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) with leukaemic cells improved CSA activity. These experiments point to the difficulty in unravelling the effect of leukaemic cells on normal haemopoiesis (both inhibitory and stimulatory) by in vitro agar culture. PMID- 6970590 TI - The role of cereals in the aetiology of nutritional rickets: the lesson of the Irish National Nutrition Survey 1943-8. AB - 1. Review of the evidence of the Irish Nutrition Survey concerning a market rise in the incidence of rickets in Dublin in 1942 concludes that a rise in the extraction rate of the national flour from 70 to 100% was principally responsible. 2. This rise and subsequent decrease in incidence as the extraction rate of flour was reduced is not explained by changes in the proportion of children protected by vitamin D supplements or by small changes in dietary vitamin D intake. 3. The evidence suggests that nutritional rickets in man cannot be explained on the basis of deficient vitamin D intake alone, whether derived from diet or u.v. radiation. PMID- 6970591 TI - Studies of Fc gamma receptors of human B lymphocytes: phospholipase A2 activity of Fc gamma receptors. AB - The presence of phospholipase A2 activity within human B cell Fc gamma receptors was investigated. Lysate produced by detergent treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells that had 1% of the cells surface radioiodinated was subjected to affinity chromatography by using either rac-1-(9-carboxynonyl)-2-hexadecylglycero 3-phosphorylcholine-Sepharose (PC-Sepharose) or heat-aggregated human IgG Sepharose 4B conjugate (IgG-Sepharose). The materials eluted from both adsorbants by ethylenediaminetetraacetate- or urea-containing buffer were further purified by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing in the presence of 6 M urea. Both isolated PC- and IgG-binding materials were homogeneous, when judged by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing, and had identical isoelectric points (pI = 6.5), peptide maps, and amino acid compositions. Furthermore, both preparations catalyzed equally the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to release fatty acid from the 2 position. Optimal enzymatic activity depended on the presence of Ca2+, was maximal at pH 9.5, and was augmented by Fc gamma fragments. Both preparations specifically bound to the Fc portion of IgG and inhibited human antibody-coated erythrocyte rosette formation by peripheral mononuclear cells. Our data thus demonstrate the identity of PC- and IgG-binding materials and suggest that a functional activity of the human B cell Fc gamma receptor is the generation of phospholipase A2 activity within the plasma membrane. PMID- 6970592 TI - Isolation and identification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 25-glucuronide: a biliary metabolite of vitamin D2 in the chick. AB - The biliary metabolites of vitamin D2 obtained from chickens dosed with 3H labeled vitamin D2 were investigated. Most of the biliary radioactivity migrated as charged compounds on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex chromatography, and the charged fraction could be resolved into several components by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. A major charged metabolite was further purified by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. This compound was found to be beta-glucuronidase sensitive and to yield 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 upon mild acid hydrolysis. The metabolite was converted first to the methyl ester and then to silylated and acetylated derivatives, which were subjected to mass spectrometry. The structure of the original metabolite was established as 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 25-beta-D-glucuronic acid. This 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 25-beta-glucuronide is a major biliary metabolite of vitamin D2 in the chick and may play a role in the chick's discrimination against vitamin D2. PMID- 6970593 TI - Low temperature excitation and emission spectroscopy of the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 'wild-type' strain ATCC 17023. AB - Prompt and delayed emission of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 'wild-type' strain ATCC 17023 was measured in the spectral range 550-950 nm at 1.7 K. The broad emission spectra could be resolved into separate bands by excitation spectroscopy. Through a comparison of the separated excitation and emission spectra of the present study with absorption and fluorescence spectra of photosynthetic pigments given in the literature, the emitting species could be identified. Beside the well-known pigments bacteriochlorophyll (BChl), bacteriopheophytin (BPh) and carotenoids, additional pigments could be detected. In the visible and near-infrared range, the fluorescence of pigments could be observed which were produced by the biosynthesis of BChl in the cells. Further, fluorescence bands at 753 and 813 nm are interpreted as originating from BPh (F 753) and BChl (F-813). Delayed emission signals between 700 and 800 nm were attributed to a metalloporphyrin phosphorescence. Surprisingly, the excitation spectra of the delayed BChl emissions measured at 872 and 912 nm showed the same excitation spectra as the short-wavelength emission, typical of metalloporphyrins. This is strong indication of an energy transfer between metalloporphyrins and BChl. PMID- 6970596 TI - [Alloantigens of the formed elements of dog blood]. AB - Absorption experiments showed that red blood cells of the dog contain some platelet antigens and only few leukocyte antigens. Canine platelets bear some leukocyte antigens. The main red blood cell antigens of dogs (DEA I. I. and 1.2) were detected in platelets and leukocytes, while other ones, weak red blood cell factors, were detected only in platelets. The lymphocytotoxic test showed, after separation of dog lymphocytes into T and B cells, that some antileukocyte sera including the samples directed against A and B series antigens of DLA system detect B lymphocyte-specific factors. PMID- 6970595 TI - Energy transfer between the carotenoid and the bacteriochlorophyll within the B 800-850 light-harvesting pigment-protein complex of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - Energy transfer between carotenoid and bacteriochlorophyll has been studied in isolated B-800-850 antenna pigment-protein complexes from different strains of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides which contain different types of carotenoid. Singlet singlet energy transfer from the carotenoid to the bacteriochlorophyll is efficient (75-100%) and is rather insensitive to carotenoid type, over the range of carotenoids tested. The yield of carotenoid triplets is low (2-15%) but this arises from a low yield of bacteriochlorophyll triplet formation rather than from an inefficient triplet-triplet exchange reaction. The rate of the triplet-triplet exchange reaction between the bacteriochlorophyll and the carotenoid is fast (Ktt greater than or equal to 1.4 . 10(8) S-1) and also relatively independent of the type of carotenoid present. PMID- 6970597 TI - [Suppression of bone marrow colony-forming capacity by syngeneic T-lymphocytes in AKR strain mice with lymphoblastic leukemia]. AB - The effect of lymphocytes from the lymph nodes and thymus on bone marrow colony forming capacity was studied in AKR mice in the preleukemic and leukemic periods in vivo in the syngeneic donor-recipient system. In the pre-leukemic period, the lymphocytes do not change in the syngeneic stem cell colony-forming index, while in spontaneous lymphoblastic leukemia they suppress bone marrow proliferative activity both in normal and leukemic mice and 62-100%. PMID- 6970594 TI - Optically excited triplet states in the bacteria Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 'wild-type' detected by magnetic resonance in zero-field. AB - Optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) experiments in zero-field on the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides revealed triplet states belonging to molecules which have a prompt emission in the optical region from 590 to 700 nm and a delayed emission between 700 and 830 nm. The zero-field parameters of these triplet states are 29 less than [D] less than 34 . 10(-3) cm 1 and 4 less than [E] less than 8 . 10(-3) cm-1, the decay rates of the [D] + [E] transitions being in the order of 60-340 ms. The correlation between optical emission and radio-frequency was used to separate the total optical emission from 590-700 nm into individual emissions, belonging to molecules whose triplet states were studied by ODMR in this region. Comparing the fluorescence microwave double resonance (FMDR) spectra with the results of excitation spectroscopy, as well as comparing the zero-field parameters and the decay rates with that of Mg porphyrins in matrices given in the literature, allowed the identification of the emitting molecules as Mg-porphyrins which are produced by the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll in the cells. PMID- 6970598 TI - Lymphoblastic lymphoma in adults: results of a pilot protocol. AB - Thirteen adult patients with histologically confirmed lymphoblastic lymphoma were treated with an intensive chemotherapy program consisting of induction with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (modified CHOP); consolidation and central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis with methotrexate intrathecally and by high-dose intravenous injection, citrovorum factor and L asparaginase; reinforcement with CHOP; and maintenance with 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate. Treatment duration was 1 yr. A 14th patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was also treated at presentation by the same regimen. Thirteen patients had at least a mediastinal mass or abnormal cells in the bone marrow; one presented with CNS disease. The median age was 22 yr (range 16--50), and male--female ratio was 2.5:1. All patients had a rapid complete clinical response. Of the 13 patients without initial CNS disease, 4 have relapsed, 3 with primary CNS relapse and 1 with a recurrent abdominal mass. Five patients have died, 2 from drug toxicity, 2 from CNS relapse, and 1 from chronic myelogenous leukemia, which was diagnosed simultaneously with the lymphoblastic lymphoma. The median follow-up is 19 mo, and all patients have completed their planned therapy. At 3 yr, the actuarial survival is 61% and relapse-free survival is 56%. PMID- 6970599 TI - Hairy cell leukemia and myelomatosis: chance association or clinical manifestations of the same B-cell disease spectrum. AB - We describe three patients who had typical features of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and multiple myeloma (MM) at the same time. In two, both diagnoses were made within a short period of time, and in the third, HCL had been present for 2 yr before the appearance of a paraprotein, bone lesions, and plasma-cell infiltrates established the diagnosis of MM. Although this association has not been previously reported, cases of HCL with osteolytic lesions or a paraprotein band have been described. The cases described may represent clinical manifestations of closely related disorders arising from divergent differentiation from a common B cell precursor rather than a chance association. PMID- 6970600 TI - Stromal colony-stimulating activity production and myeloid colony-forming cells in human hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic bone marrow. AB - In order to evaluate the role of the stromal bone marrow microenvironment in regulating granulopoiesis, we have examined the capacity of adult human proximal hemopoietic (PH) and distal nonhemopoietic (DNH) long bone to produce colony stimulating activity (CSA), characterized the cellular sources of CSA, and quantitated the colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) of marrow from these sites. Stromal elements were obtained from slices of cancellous bone. PH bone marrow stroma contained CFU-GM concentrations similar to aspirated PH marrow and significantly more CFU-GM than DNH bone marrow: 20.7 +/- 4.8/10(5) cells and 25.8 +/- 12.0/mg bone versus 0.81 +/- 0.34/10(5) cells and 0.02 +/- 0.01/mg bone (p less than 0.001). Conditioned media prepared from PH and DNH bone were quantitated for CSA by their ability to promote in vitro granulocyte colony formation of nonadherent human marrow cells. Stromal CSA production was destroyed by freeze--thawing and was radioresistant (4400 rad). Of DNH stromal cells, 15%--30% were monocyte macrophage, but the slow absolute numbers of these cells suggested alternative CSA cellular sources in distal bones. PH stroma produced significantly more CSA than DNH bone stroma: 0.72 +/- 0.10 versus 0.30 +/- 0.06 U/mg bone (p less than 0.01). The CSA concentration gradient between PH and DNH bones may contribute to the regulation of granulopoiesis in marrow and to the absence of hemopoiesis distally. PMID- 6970601 TI - Applications of light scatter to separation of stem cells. AB - A case is presented for light scatter as a potentially important discrimination parameter for electronic sorting of hemopoietic stem cells. Examples are presented of application of light scatter to sorting of primitive hemopoietic cells from bone marrow, thymus, and fetal yolk sac, using simple empirical approaches and a cell sorter equipped with a standard fixed-angle detector. Cells sorted in this way were ultrastructurally indistinguishable from stem cells observed in whole tissue sections or unfractionated suspensions and remained viable under culture conditions. Cells were further sorted into proliferative and nonproliferative stages whose morphologies were those expected for primitive and mature cells, respectively. Light scatter was a more specific marker for primitive thymocytes than binding of peanut agglutinin. Cells sorted from fetal yolk sac suspensions were ultrastructurally similar to candidate pluripotential stem cells of bone marrow. Therefore, where sorting rather than positive identification is the primary objective of flow analysis and histochemical correlations can be established after sorting, viable stem cells can be sorted from the simple hemopoietic tissues in high and verifiable purity. Sorting of pure stem cells from marrow will require an additional parameter for which an additional angle of light scatter may suffice. PMID- 6970602 TI - Cell-cell interactions in in vitro erythropoiesis. AB - Cell-cell interactions between T and null lymphocytes induce erythropoietin stimulated differentiation of peripheral blood-derived erythroid progenitors. Monocytes do not inhibit the engagement of this differentiation. By the use of murine hybridoma antibodies, which are uniquely reactive with mature T lymphocytes, the dependence of immature peripheral blood BFU-E differentiation on mature T lymphocytes, or a T cell-conditioned medium is confirmed. Studies with the same antibody show that the more mature and numerous BFU-E found in marrow have no requirement for mature T cells or T cell-conditioned medium. These findings do not preclude the presence in bone marrow of immature T or even non-T cells which may serve as inducers of erythropoietin-dependent erythroid differentiation of mature marrow BFU-E. PMID- 6970603 TI - Superficial keratitis. PMID- 6970604 TI - Occult bleeding from Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 6970606 TI - Calcium accumulation in intracellular compartments of frog retinal rod photoreceptors. AB - The accumulation of calcium in the rod cells of isolated frog retinas was studied by methods involving the pretreatment of tissue with saponin, which reduces the permeability barrier posed by the plasma membrane, and the inclusion of a Ca2+ trapping agent, oxalate, in incubation media. X-ray microanalysis using an analytical transmission electron microscope was employed to verify the presence of calcium in the deposits produced by these methods. Ca2+ was found to accumulate in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the agranular reticulum of the myoid region and in the presynaptic terminals of the rods. At least one aspect of this accumulation appears to depend upon the presence of ATP. PMID- 6970605 TI - Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale, Gardnerella vaginalis) in a family planning clinic population. AB - Vaginal specimens were obtained at 902 attendances from 522 women requiring vaginal examination at a family planning clinic. Haemophilus vaginalis was found in 8% of specimens either by culture or by at least two out of three microscopical tests; lactobacilli were seldom found in the presence of the organism. Increased signs and symptoms, especially an offensive odour, were found only when H vaginalis and staphylococcus were isolated together. The organism was found less often in patients using contraceptives methods which protected the vagina, thus suggesting sexual transmission. Treatment is advisable when H vaginalis is in contact with a vascular bed. PMID- 6970607 TI - Who do barium ions imitate acetylcholine? AB - The action of 1-4 mM barium on bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells was studied using voltage clamp. Barium imitated the action of muscarine, causing depolarization, increased input resistance, tendency to repetitive firing, and a specific inhibition of a slow small outward current termed the M current. Barium did not produce significant short-term inhibition of three other outward currents; the delayed rectifier, the calcium-dependent K current, and the A current. PMID- 6970608 TI - Depression of ventral root--dorsal root potential by DL-alpha-aminoadipate in frog spinal cord. AB - Ventral root--dorsal root potential (VR--DRP) was partially depressed in the presence of 1 mM DL-alpha-aminoadipate (DL-alpha-AAD), probably corresponding to 0.5 mM D-alpha-AAD, in isolated hemisected frog spinal cord. It was suggested that acidic amino acid receptors might be subserving for the generation of VR- DRP in addition to the initial cholinergic link between motoneurons and interneurons and the electrical coupling between motoneurons and primary afferent terminals and the last step between unidentified interneurons and primary afferent terminals which had been reported to be mediated by GABA. PMID- 6970609 TI - Quantitative light and electron microscopic studies on the lateral hypothalamus in rat. Cell and synaptic densities. AB - Cell and synaptic packing densities and the synapse/cell ratios were determined for the lateral hypothalamus of the rat. A quarter of a million neurons were found in this area each having approximately 16000 synapses. Of the approximately 3700 million synapses of the lateral hypothalamus 82% is axodendritic and 16% axosomatic. PMID- 6970610 TI - Dipsogenic effect of L-5-hydroxytryptophan in rats. AB - The precursor of serotonin, l-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), is a potent dipsogen in the rat. Peripheral administration of increasing doses of this compound increased water intake in a dose-dependent fashion. Peripheral administration of other analogs of tryptophan, including d-tryptophan, l-tryptophan and acetyltryptophan, failed to affect water intake at a dose at which 5HTP induced maximal drinking (25 mg/kg, SC). The dipsogenic effect of melatonin, one of the metabolites of serotonin, was also tested. At any of 6 different doses (0.5 to 50 mg/kg, SC), melatonin failed to affect water intake in the rat. The mechanism by which 5HTP induces drinking is not known with certainty but could involve its conversion to serotonin, a known dipsogenic agent. PMID- 6970611 TI - Lateral hypothalamic lesions: effects on Pavlovian cardiac and eyeblink conditioning in the rabbit. AB - Rabbits received either bilateral lesions of the far lateral hypothalamus (LH), or sham-operate lesions. After recovery from surgery the animals were exposed to Pavlovian conditioning in which eyeblink (EB), electromyographic (EMG), and heart rate (HR) conditioned responses (CRs) were recorded. Adaptation, acquisition and extinction training were studied. Subsequent to conditioning, free-field activity, paraorbital electric shock thresholds, and HR unconditioned responses (URs) were measured. At the end of behavioral testing forebrain norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), an serotonin (5-HT) concentrations were assessed. Animals with LH lesions did not differ from controls on EB responding during either adaptation or acquisition. However, lesioned animals revealed more EB CRs during extinction than control animals. EMG CRs were minimal in both groups of animals. Lesioned animals showed smaller HR changes than control animals during all phases of training, although HR CRs tended to consist of bradycardia in all animals. No differences were observed in either shock thresholds or open field activity as a result of LH lesions. Cortical and hippocampal 5-HT and NE concentrations were significantly depleted in lesioned as compared to control animals. These findings were interpreted within the framework of the phasic control of attention by midbrain modulation of forebrain structures; however, the interruption of downward going fibers which mediate brain stem cardiac control cannot be ruled out. PMID- 6970612 TI - Netilmicin: new aminoglycoside effective against bacterial endophthalmitis. AB - Bacterial endophthalmitis is difficult to treat because antibiotics administered systemically, subconjuctivally or topically cannot be delivered in bactericidal amounts to the infected tissues. Netilmicin, a new aminoglycoside, is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus and most Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia coll, Klebsiella and Enterobacter, that have been resistant to other aminoglycosides. In rabbits an intravitreal injection of 250 mu g/0.1 ml rapidly provided a bactericidal concentration (greater than 10 mu g/ml) in the vitreous, and this level was maintained for 100 hours. This dose was not toxic to ocular tissues, unlike higher doses (1000 to 2000 mu g). Intravenous, subconjunctival and topical administration yielded only low concentrations of the drug in the vitreous, although subconjunctival injection yield significant concentrations in the aqueous for 4 hours. Experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis was quickly eradicated by a single intravitreal dose of netilmicin without detectable sequelae in 9 to 10 eyes studied. A solution of netilmicin infused during vitrectomy and lensectomy prevented infection. PMID- 6970613 TI - Pulmonary emphysema associated with the FZ alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype. AB - In one family three brothers were found to have a moderate deficiency of alpha 1 antitrypsin associated with the unusual Pi (protease inhibitor) phenotype FZ. The Pi phenotypes of their six living siblings were found to be FM (in three), M (in two) and MZ (in one). The three FZ brothers all had moderate to severe obstructive airways disease, and two had at least moderately severe pulmonary emphysema. Additional risk factors included moderate cigarette smoking in two and prolonged exposure to grain dust in all three. The same risk factors applied to the six non-FZ siblings, but they had only mild symptoms and pulmonary dysfunction or no lung problems at all; one, a female smoker with the MZ phenotype, had probable early emphysema demonstrated radiologically. The three FZ men may have had reduced fertility, as they produced only 1 child among them, as compared with 39 among the other eight siblings. This family study thus suggests that individuals with the FZ phenotype are at risk for pulmonary emphysema and chronic obstructive airways disease, particularly in the presence of other risk factors, such as cigarette smoking and grain dust exposure. PMID- 6970614 TI - Some circulating factors which influence granulocyte-monocyte production in the chick with myeloblastic leukemia. AB - Soft-agar cloning was used to investigate possible granulopoietic-monopoietic regulatory defects in the chick with myeloblastic leukemia induced by avian myeloblastosis virus. The plasma levels of granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating activity (CSA) of normal and leukemic plasmas were the same when undiluted or unfractionated plasmas were tested. However, dilution or fractionation revealed elevations in plasma CSA levels in the leukemic animals. Most of the activity in both normal and leukemic plasma eluted in the void-volume peak during Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and the CSA levels in the leukemic peak were increased 5- to 10-fold. This increase did not reflect higher levels of an inhibitory lipoprotein eluting in the void volume since the differential between normal and leukemic plasma was present after delipidation. We therefore investigated the possibility that a nonlipoprotein inhibitor was present. Sephadex G-200 chromatography of leukemic plasma revealed that a potent inhibitor of colony formation was present in one of the peaks of material eluting from the column. Eight micrograms of this material inhibited colony formation by 50%. This inhibitory material was not detected in corresponding fractions obtained after chromatography of normal plasma. These data show that plasma from the chick with myeloblastic leukemia has marked elevated levels of CSA and that it also contains an inhibitor of colony formation which is absent or present at very low levels in normal plasma. Finally, leukemic plasma contained abundant amounts of avian myeloblastosis virus polypeptides which are being investigated for possible relationships to the above-described activities. PMID- 6970615 TI - Reversal of the in vitro methotrexate suppression of cell-mediated immune response by folinic acid and thymidine plus hypoxanthine. AB - The development of a primary complement-independent cellular cytotoxic immune response in culture by C57BL/6J spleen cells stimulated with X-irradiated allogeneic P815 tumor cells was inhibited more than 50% in the presence of 1.5 X 10(-8) M methotrexate. This immunosuppression by methotrexate was time and dose dependent. Equimolar folinic acid administered at either -4, 0, +4, or +24 hr relative to 1.5 X 10(-8) M methotrexate reversed immunosuppression by more than 50%. Increased folinic acid concentration (5 to 10-fold) completely restored the immune response only if added 4 hr prior to methotrexate. Thymidine plus hypoxanthine (100 microM each) when present throughout the 4-day culture period gave total reversal of immunosuppression. The reversal was also obtained with hypoxanthine alone and was dose dependent. These results indicate that reversal of the methotrexate-induced impairment of cellular immune function depends on several parameters including the concentration of methotrexate and of the reversing agents as well as the time of exposure of relevant target cells to these agents. PMID- 6970616 TI - Leukoencephalopathy following high-dose iv methotrexate chemotherapy with leucovorin rescue. AB - Seven patients with bone or soft tissue sarcomas but without metastatic CNS disease developed a chronic leukoencephalopathy after high-dose (8000-15,000 mg/m2) iv methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy with leucovorin (LV) rescue. Approximately 12 MTX-LV treatments were administered over a 3-7 month period. None of the patients had cranial irradiation. The syndrome usually began several months after the initiation of chemotherapy with subtle personality changes followed by a progressive dementia, focal seizures, pseudobulbar palsy, spastic quadriparesis, and stupor. Computerized tomographic scans revealed diffuse white matter hypodensity in five patients and atropic changes in five patients. Serum MTX concentrations were elevated in four of six patients prior to several MTX-LV treatments, suggesting that MTX persisted in tissues for a long time. Abnormally high levels of MTX were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of all four patients several days after an MTX-LV treatment, at a time when their encephalopathy was most severe. Pathologic brain material was obtained from three patients and revealed a spectrum of abnormalities. The syndrome observed in our patients clinically resembles the one described in children with acute lymphatic leukemia who received cranial irradiation and large cumulative amounts of low-dose (12-20 mg/m2) systemic MTX without LV. PMID- 6970617 TI - Structural studies of two capsular polysaccharides elaborated by different strains of Haemophilus influenzae type e. AB - The structures of two capsular polysaccharides elaborated by Haemophilus influenzae type e, strains NCTC 8455 and 8472, respectively, have been investigated, methylation analysis and n.m.r. spectrometry being the principal methods used. It is concluded that the polysaccharides are composed of repeating units having the following structure: Formula: [See Text]. In the polysaccharide from strain NCTC 8472, all of the repeating-units contain the beta-D fructofuranosyl group. The polysaccharide from strain NCTC 8455, however, contains only traces of D-fructose, corresponding to approximately one group per 100 repeating-units. PMID- 6970618 TI - Structural studies of the Haemophilus influenzae type e capsular polysaccharide. AB - The structure of the Haemophilus influenzae type e capsular polysaccharide has been determined by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods. The structure of the repeating unit of the polymer was found to be leads to 3)-beta-D GlcNAc-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-ManANAc-(1 leads to ; both sugars were present in the pyranoid form. PMID- 6970619 TI - In vitro effect of calf thymic extract on differentiation of precursor lymphocytes in cancer patients. PMID- 6970620 TI - Progressing Moloney sarcoma virus (M-MSV) induced tumors: effect of host's immunomanipulation. PMID- 6970622 TI - Thymic microenvironment and cultures derived from mouse thymic explants. A morphological study. AB - Cultures derived from thymus fragments of embryonic (18-19 day old), newborn or one month old C57BL mice have been characterized functionally l(phagocytic and nonspecific esterase activities) and morphologically by means of light, scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The observations show the heterogeneity of the cell populations composing the monolayers. After a few days incubation macrophages appear as the predominating cell type, while epithelial cells usually constitute no more than 30% of the cells. Experiments designed to determine the fate of lymphocytes adhering to the monolayers lead us to believe (on the basis of SEM morphometric analysis) that the survival of lymphocytes attached either to thymic macrophages or to epithelial cells is improved during the first days of coculture. This survival enhancement does not, however, appear to be a specific inductive effect since a similar survival increase is found when lymphocytes adhere to non-thymic cells. In contrast with the monolayer, the explant provides a three-dimensional culture system able to preserve intact thymic microenvironmental conditions since numerous lymphocytes are found even in five week old cultures which were not overlaid with thymocytes or spleen cells. PMID- 6970621 TI - Early changes in concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes detected by the fluorescent probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine. AB - The hydrophobic fluorescent cell-membrane probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN) is a useful investigative tool for studies of early lymphocyte activation. NPN labelled mouse thymus cells incubated with 5 micrograms/ml concanavalin A (Con A) for 30 min at 37 degrees C gave a reproducible increase in mean cell-fluorescence intensity measured by microfluorimetry on 100 single cells. The dose-response curve was similar to that obtained by 3H-thymidine assay. Increased fluorescence was not observed in the presence of 10 mM alpha-methyl mannoside, 5 mM sodium azide, 10(-5) M cytochalasin B, or Ca2+-free culture medium. However, incubation with 10(-5) M colchicine did not alter the probe response. Fluorescence change was also shown by spleen cells from a normal mouse but not from an athymic mouse, indicating T cell dependence of the response. Comparison with other lectins showed that increased fluorescence followed incubation with phytohaemagglutinin, and the non-mitogenic wheat germ lectin, but there was no change with succinyl Con A, and decreased fluorescence with pokeweek mitogen. Use of fluorescent labelled lectins showed that the NPN fluorescence change did not correlate with surface receptor patching and capping. Increased phospholipid-fatty acid turnover and subsequent increased membrane fluidity with alteration of molecular polarity are suggested as likely explanations of increased NPN fluorescence. PMID- 6970623 TI - Normal frog gastrula extracellular materials serve as a substratum for normal and hybrid cell adhesion when covalently coupled with CNBr-activated Sepharose beads. PMID- 6970624 TI - Quantitative factors which determine the effect of the immune response on the growth rate of the Cloudman Melanoma in the DBA/2 mice. PMID- 6970625 TI - Evidence that autoimmunity in NZB mice is caused by a defect in immune specificity rather than a generalized defect in tolerance of self-antigens. PMID- 6970626 TI - Human-B and T-lymphocyte locomotion in response to casein, C5a, and f-met-leu phe. PMID- 6970627 TI - Effect of steroids on concanavalin A-induced blast transformation of mouse lymphoid cells. PMID- 6970628 TI - Transfer of cell-mediated immunity with cell-free leukocyte extracts. II. Demonstration of antigen-specific and nonspecific components. PMID- 6970629 TI - Deoxycoformycin toxicity in mice after long-term treatment. AB - Deoxycoformycin, a tight-binding inhibitor of the enzyme adenosine deaminase, is a potent lymphocytotoxic agent. To examine the effect of deoxycoformycin on mouse tissues the drug was administered IP either by single or by repeated injections at one of two dose levels (0.2 or 10.0 mg/kg). Treatment with repeated injections at the higher dose caused retardation of growth and increases in lung and splenic mass. Body temperature, hematocrit, and total leukocyte count remained constant. Single injections at the lower dose caused complete inhibition of adenosine deaminase in liver and blood, and partial inhibition in jejunum and spleen, but at the higher dose complete inhibition of the enzyme in all tissues was obtained. Dosage appeared to have no effect on the rate of recovery of the deoxycoformycin inhibited enzyme but marked tissue differences were observed. The enzymic activity recovered rapidly in jejunum (100% in 1 day) but slowly in other tissues (after 28 days, about 60% in spleen and liver; about 85% in kidney and blood, and 100% in lungs). These observations suggest that the recovery of inhibited enzyme depends largely upon the rate of proliferation of cells and protein synthesis. These tissue differences in recovery rates may play a role in the pharmacological and chemotherapeutic behavior of this drug. PMID- 6970630 TI - The clinical pharmacology of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2' deoxycoformycin. AB - 2'-deoxycoformycin (2'-dCF; Pentostatin), a stoichiometric inhibitor of mammalian adenosine deaminase (ado deaminase), exhibits immunosuppressive and antilymphocytic activity in animal test systems. A clinical pharmacology/phase I study of 2'-dCF administered as a single agent has been completed (18 patients). Dose levels ranged from 0.1 mg/kg X 1 to 0.25 mg/kg/day X 5; ado deaminase and 2' dCF were measured spectrophotometrically. Plasma decay curves were bi-exponential (alpha and beta t 1/2 values about 1 and 10 h respectively). Recovery of unchanged 2'-dCF from urine (48 h) was 32%--48% of the administered drug. Major toxic manifestations were lymphocytopenia (all patients) and urate nephropathy (1 patient, with subsequent patients in the series receiving allopurinol, 300 mg/day). Three partial responses were seen in seven patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia receiving 0.25 mg 2'-dCF/kg/day X 5. PMID- 6970631 TI - Clinical and angiographic predictors of operative mortality from the collaborative study in coronary artery surgery (CASS). AB - Fifteen institutions participating in the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS) have performed isolated coronary artery bypass surgery upon 6630 patients (1061 women and 5569 men) for coronary artery disease. The overall operative mortality (OM) was 2.3% (range 0.3-6.4%). Mortality increased with age, from 0 in the group 20-29 years old to 7.9% in the group 70 years and older. OM was higher for women in each group, ranging from 2.8% for ages 30-39 years to 12.3% for age 70 years and older (0.8% and 5.8% for men). Clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure were associated with increased OM. Mortality was 1.4% in one-vessel, 2.1% in two-vessel and 2.8% in three-vessel disease (diameter narrowing greater than or equal to 70%). Among 1019 patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis, OM ranged from 1.6% in patients with mild stenosis and a right-dominant system to 25% in patients with severe (greater than or equal to 90%) stenosis and left dominance. OM varied with ejection fraction (EF) (1.9% for EF greater than or equal to 50% to 6.7% for EF less than 19%) and left ventricular wall motion score (1.7% for least abnormal to 9.1% for most abnormal). For elective surgery, OM was 1.7%, for urgent surgery 3.5%, and for emergency surgery 10.8%. Mortality was 40.0% among 30 patients with severe LMCA stenosis who underwent emergency revascularization. Advanced age, female sex, symptoms of heart failure, LMCA stenosis, impaired left ventricular function and nonelective surgery are associated with a higher OM. These factors should be considered in the selection of patients for coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6970632 TI - Changes in cardiovascular health knowledge occurring from childhood to adulthood. A cross-sectional study. AB - A standardized test of cardiovascular health knowledge was administered to 1367 students, ages 12-18 years, and 562 adults, ages 20-60 years. Mean scores were: ages 12-14 years, 42.5 +/- 0.7% (SEM); 15-18 years, 49.1 +/- 0.1%; 20-40 years, 68.7 +/- 0.7%; 40-60 years, 68.2 +/- 0.7% correct. Cardiovascular health knowledge increased linearly in the student population, averaging 3.08% per year. Increases continued to occur in adults, but plateaued after age 40 years, despite an increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease in this age group. Health knowledge was highly correlated with the highest educational achievement. At all age levels, knowledge of diagnostic tests was highest and knowledge of pathophysiology lowest. A personal or family history of heart disease or history of an elevated serum cholesterol was not a stimulus for increases in health knowledge. PMID- 6970633 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes in paraproteinaemias. PMID- 6970634 TI - Bilateral loss of caloric response in conscious patients (areflexia vestibularis). AB - Twenty-six of 11 793 consecutive vestibular examinations showed no vestibular response to bilateral irrigation with 20 degrees C water (areflexia vestibularis). CNS malignancies, infections, congenital disorders, drugs and various central nervous system disorders were found to be the most frequent aetiological factors. Associated sensorineural hearing loss--infection expected- was an uncommon finding as 17 of 26 examinations showed no auditory impairment. PMID- 6970635 TI - Air versus water caloric test. AB - The air caloric test is favoured because of the advantage of higher convenience for patient and operator and its applicability in situations where water is contradicted. We examined 20 normal subjects with air (60 s, 12 min, 45 degrees/29 degrees C) and 25 with water (30 s, 30 cm3, 44 degrees/30 degrees C) caloric test. Additionally, we evaluated the influence of flow rate and irrigating tip position on the temperature near the tympanic membrane during the irrigation, using a polyacryl copy of the external auditory canal. A high flow rate and a reproducible tip position--close to the tympanic membrane appeared to be essential to achieve reliable results in air caloric test. Furthermore, measurements of the actual temperature should be done at the irrigation tip delivery in every air caloric test. The lower heat capacity of air, turbulences near the tympanic membrane and air aspired from the environment are the main reasons of more distinct temperature drops in the air caloric test. We observed a significant (P less than 0.05) difference between maximum slow phase velocity in air (11.5 degrees C/s) and water (19.5 degrees C/s) irrigation. The relative standard deviation was markedly higher for air irrigations. Therefore, in spite of the advantages of the air caloric test, the disadvantage of a higher variability, even when using a sophisticated technique, has to be considered. PMID- 6970636 TI - Mechanisms of immunity to leishmaniasis III. The development and decay of resistance during metastatic disease. AB - The development and decay of systemic resistance has been examined in guinea-pigs with progressive metastatic leishmaniasis. Adoptive cell transfer experiments have revealed that a T cell-mediated immune response develops 2 weeks after infection and confers a strong resistance to challenge on these animals which is expressed up to 5 weeks after initiation of infection. Beyond this time a decay of this resistance occurred. Loss of the ability to resist a challenge infection was not associated with a reduction in serum antibody levels which remained high in animals expressing no systemic resistance. Furthermore, cellular resistance could not be re-established in these animals by the infusion of immune lymphocytes from resistant donors. An examination of macrophage microbicidal capacity within metastatic and primary lesions revealed that progressive disease is associated with local suppression of macrophage effector function. PMID- 6970637 TI - The early appearance of specific cytotoxic T cells in murine gut mucosa. AB - Using a new technique for isolating lymphoid cells from the lamina propria of murine small intestine, we have examined the appearance of specific cytotoxic T cells in the gut following intraperitoneal immunization with an allogenic tumour. Specific cytotoxic T cells appeared in the lamina propria at a time when there are very few cytotoxic lymphocytes in any of the organized lymphoid tissues. Greater levels of cytotoxicity were found in the gut compared with any other site for at least 3 weeks following a single injection of tumour cells. PMID- 6970638 TI - Differential responses to mitogen stimulation in lymphocytes from normal individuals and Lesch-Nyhan patients: influence of the bicarbonate buffer system. AB - Three patients affected with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome were found to have normal levels of immunoglobulins, normal numbers of circulating B and T cells and normal IgG secretion in vitro in response to polyclonal activators. However, when cultures were performed in the absence of a bicarbonate buffer system, the proliferative response to several T cell stimulants (phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and streptokinase-streptodornase) was impaired in Lesch-Nyhan cells as judged from the incorporation of labelled thymidine, uridine and leucine. This situation could be abolished by incubation in a 5% CO2 atmosphere and even reversed by supplementation of bicarbonate to the culture medium. Blocking the de novo purine synthesis by Methotrexate resulted in a more pronounced inhibition of the mitogenic response in Lesch-Nyhan lymphocytes than in normal cells. The differences in proliferative response between normal and Lesch-Nyhan lymphocytes with regard to culture conditions point to the critical role of the de novo pathway in lymphocyte stimulation. PMID- 6970640 TI - T lymphocyte function in hairy cell leukaemia. AB - The high incidence of infections characteristic of impaired cell-mediated immunity in patients with hairy cell leukemia led us to study T lymphocyte function in sixteen patients with the lymphocyte transformation test. All patients showed imparied responses to mitogens, attributable to one or more of the following causes: dilution of responsive T cells by inert hairy cells, shortage of monocytes to give adequate interaction with the T cells and a significant decrease in the number of T cells with Fcmu receptors proportional to the percentage of hairy cells in the peripheral blood. The response to antigens was severely depressed; PPD was one of the few antigens that induced positive reactions in half the cases. We conclude that in patients with hairy cell leukaemia, T lymphocyte function, as tested in a proliferative assay, is severely impaired and that this may contribute to the deficient resistance to infection. PMID- 6970641 TI - Identification of three FcR-positive T cell subsets (T gamma, T mu and T gamma mu) in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. AB - Proportions of T cells and T cell subsets, as identified by their Fc receptors (FcR) for IgM and IgG (Tmu and T gamma), were determined in the peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocyte populations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). On average, MS patients had 79% total T cells (62% of which were T gamma, 66% Tmu) in CSF lymphocytes compared to 66% total T cells (30% T gamma, 63% Tmu) in PBL. Normal age- and sex-matched controls PBL had 74% total T cells (20% T gamma, 54% Tmu). By direct observation using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, 41% of the CSF T gamma cells in MS patients bore receptors for IgM; these cells were designated T gamma mu and, according to the double-marker analysis, did not seem to correlate with disease stage. In MS PBL, 20% of T gamma cells were T gamma mu compared to 9% in the control PBL T gamma population. Thus, MS patients had a higher proportion of total T cells, T gamma cells and T gamma mu cells in their CSF than in their peripheral blood and than those populations found in normal control blood. The significance of this T gamma mu population for the continuing disease state in MS is discussed. PMID- 6970639 TI - Autoimmune oophoritis in thymectomized mice: T cell requirement in adoptive cell transfer. AB - Experimental autoimmune oophoritis characterized by rapid loss of oocytes with infiltration of lymphocytes and circulating anti-oocyte antibodies could be induced in (C57Bl/6Cr x A/JCr)F1 mice after thymectomy (Tx) at a critical age of 3 days (Tx-3) but not 0. or 7 days after birth without any sensitization. The lesion of the ovary was passively transferred into neonatal, but not adult, mice 7 days after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of spleen cells (10(7)) obtained from syngeneic donors with oophoritis. In contrast, the lesion was never evoked in the recipient ovaries when spleen cells were prepared from Tx-3 mice ovariectomized at day 0. The spleen cells prepared from Tx-3 donors, depleted of T cells by incubation with anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum plus guinea-pig complement (GPC), showed no transfer capacity. However, the spleen cells prepared from the same donors, depleted of B cells with anti-Ig antiserum plus GPC, still kept the capacity to induce oophoritis. The results indicate the presence of autoreactive T cells against ovarian tissues in Tx-3 mice which are capable of inducing oophoritis. PMID- 6970645 TI - Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with various types of renal disease. AB - Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) in patients with various types of renal disease were measured by a competitive protein binding assay. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) inverse correlation between serum levels of either 25OHD or 24,25(OH)2D and the degree of proteinuria in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis or idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The ratio of 24,25(OH)2D to 25OHD was relatively low in patients with creatinine clearances (CCr) less than 30 ml/min/1.48 m2, while the ratio was higher in those with clearances greater than 85 ml/min/1.48 m2. There was a linear correlation (r = 0.783, P less than 0.001) between the ratio and the CCr in patients whose CCR ranged from 30 to 85 ml/min/1.48 m2. The 24,25(OH)2D/25OHD ratio also appeared to be correlated significantly (P less than 0.001) with the PSP-test. The serum levels of 25OHD and 24,25(OH)2D were lowered in nephrotic patients during treatment with prednisolone. The serum levels of 24,25(OH)2D were increased by 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6970642 TI - T lymphocyte subpopulations and Ia-positive T cells in patients with immunodeficiency. AB - T lymphocyte subpopulations (T gamma and Tmu) were studied in a group of 36 adult patients with immunodeficiency. Proportions and numbers of Ia(+) T cells were also studied in comparison to 46 normal adult controls. Values for per cent and total numbers of T gamma and Tmu cells indicated no uniform abnormality. Mean normal percentage of Ia(+) T cells was 2.4% whereas 16 to 29 immunodeficient patients showed elevated proportions and absolute numbers of Ia(+) T cells. Striking fluctuation in proportions of Ia(+) T cells was noted in serial studies of five immunodeficient subjects in contrast to similar analyses of normal controls. A correlation (P less than 0.01) was recorded between absolute numbers of Ia(+) T cells in immune deficiency patients and numbers of T mu cells. Depletion of T gamma cells by EA rosetting in patients with late-onset primary acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia did not result in significant change in IgG or IgM synthesis with T gamma-depleted T cells were co-cultured with normal B cells. Depletion of Ia(+) T cells likewise did not significantly influence Ig synthesis in co-culture with normal or immune-deficient B cells. These studies emphasize the complexity of defects present among any large group of patients with immune deficiency. PMID- 6970644 TI - The thymus in the aging individual. I. Mitogen responsiveness of human thymocytes. PMID- 6970646 TI - Prospective study of immunologic effects of hydralazine in hypertensive patients. AB - Twenty-seven hypertensive patients (23 of whom were black) were treated with hydralazine as their major antihypertensive drug and were followed for evidence of autoimmunity and clinical systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Only one patient developed SLE but many, although asymptomatic, had serologic evidence of autoimmunity: antibodies to single- and double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA), single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), histones, and lymphocytes. Acetylation phenotype profoundly influenced this response; slow acetylators had a higher incidence and larger amounts of autoantibodies. Antibodies to both types of RNA were a more sensitive index of autoimmunity than antinuclear antibodies. Hydralazine treatment did not alter cell-mediated immune responses. The hydralazine SLE patient had large amounts of autoantibodies that were predominantly IgG, while in the others IgM autoantibodies were predominant. No antibodies, but positive lymphoproliferative responses to hydralazine, were found in half the patients tested. PMID- 6970643 TI - Naturally occurring human antibodies to the F(ab')2 portion of IgG. AB - Antibodies to the F(ab')2 portion of IgG were detected in the sera of patients and normals using a heat-aggregated F(ab')2 fragment in a liquid-phase radioimmunoassay. The antibodies were found in 72% of 82 rheumatoid arthritis patients, in less than 20% of patients with other diseases and in a few normal subjects. Anti-F(ab')2 antibodies were distinct from previously described anti-Fc antibodies and 'serum agglutinators'. They reacted with intact IgG, F(ab')2 and IgM in binding and inhibition assays and they appeared to have specificity for the Fd portion of IgG molecules, possibly to the VH region. The anti-F(ab')2 antibodies were of both 7S IgG and 19S IgM classes and were found in sera as components of intermediate size (between 7S and 19S) and large size (greater than 19S) immune complexes. The possible contribution of autologous anti-F(ab')2 to abnormal immunoregulation is discussed. PMID- 6970647 TI - [Use of methoxy-naphthyl-propionic acid in sports medicine]. PMID- 6970648 TI - The current use of tuberculin skin testing in pediatric practice. PMID- 6970650 TI - Characterization and separation of bovine lymphocyte populations. PMID- 6970649 TI - Jogging--the potential for prevention of heart disease. PMID- 6970651 TI - Ultrastructure of bovine fetal thymocytes forming non-immune spontaneous erythrocyte rosettes. PMID- 6970652 TI - [The mammary-coronary anastomosis. Indications--advantages--problems]. AB - In 25 (5.3%) of surgically treated coronary patients the mammarocoronary anastomosis was performed. A follow-up angiographic checkings made after 1 to 3.5 years proved its patency in all instances. The minimal lumen of the internal thoracic artery at the anastomosis site should be 1.5 mm. The use of the internal thoracic artery, with the appropriate indication, is limited to the anterior ventricular branches of the left coronary artery. The peculiarities of the operation are described. PMID- 6970653 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical technic of intramural coronary arteries]. AB - 384 patients with ischaemic heart disease were treated surgically. Out of 165 patients operated upon consecutively, in 38 (23%) an intramural course of coronary arteries was found. Peroperative diagnosis of the intramural course of the anterior interventricular branch is feasible with a high probability; diagnostic criteria were also elaborated for the intramural course of the marginal branch. Several aspects of the operation technique and tactics are discussed. PMID- 6970654 TI - CT evaluation of nonventricular CSF space disease. AB - Most of the central nervous system lesions betray themselves by an alteration in attenuation, ventricular shift, or a variable degree of contrast enhancement. Certain lesions, however, are predominantly or exclusively confined to the nonventricular CSF spaces. These lesions either deform these CSF space or are marked in them. Abnormal contrast enhancement helps in their identification. The spectrum of diseases include meningitis, isodense subarachnoid hemorrhage, isodense subdural hematoma, meningeal and subependymal neoplastic seeding, isodense tumors, and brain herniations. PMID- 6970655 TI - The excessively small ventricle on cranial computed tomography: clinical correlation in 75 patients. AB - Excessively small ventricle (ESV) was demonstrated in 75 (8.3%) of 9,000 patients over 15 years of age examined by cranial computed tomography (CT). The patients had no other CT abnormality except for ESV. Detailed retrospective analysis of clinical records of these 75 patients revealed four major groups of patients: 1) those with seizures (24%); 2) those with headaches (24%); 3) those with acute non penetrating head trauma (21.5%); and 4) those with benign increased intracranial pressure (8%). The remaining patients (22.5%) had a variety of cerebral derangements. PMID- 6970656 TI - Differential staining of cultured bone marrow cell chromosomes of Rana pipiens. PMID- 6970657 TI - Sclerosing peritonitis and propranolol. AB - Sclerosing peritonitis developed in a 56-year-old white man who had been receiving propranolol (320 mg/day) for hypertension and angina pectoris since December 1976. The patient had abdominal pain, loss of weight, pleural effusion, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Laparotomy revealed extensive adhesions which were so remarkable that the organs were fixed. Infectious and neoplastic causes of fibrosing peritoneal inflammation were excluded. To my knowledge the development of sclerosing peritonitis with extensive colonic involvement and colonic hemorrhage has been been described previously with therapy with propranolol. PMID- 6970658 TI - [The cause of overt and massive bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract: an analysis of 1600 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970660 TI - Coronary artery bypass. PMID- 6970659 TI - Emergency abdominal colectomy with primary anastomosis. AB - From 1968 to 1979, 18 patients underwent emergency abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. Indications for operation included massive colonic bleeding (11), obstructing carcinoma (5), toxic megacolon (1), and enterocolitis (1). Five patients died postoperatively (27.8 per cent). Causes of death included sepsis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and respiratory failure. All had peritonitis, and five had documented anastomotic leaks. Seven of the surviving patients had significant morbidity from the procedure which included anastomotic leak, small bowel obstruction, wound infection, sepsis, and pulmonary emboli. Only six patients survived without complications. Although others have written about the safety of emergency subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, our experience suggests this procedure is associated with excessive morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6970661 TI - Regulation of the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in rat and mouse skeletal muscle cytosol. AB - Using a charcoal technique, we determined the relative binding affinity of some anabolic compounds for the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in cytosol from rat skeletal muscle. Only a few of the compounds analyzed competed for the receptor-binding sites. The androgen and glucocorticoid receptors were analyzed in rat and mouse skeletal muscle cytosols by Scatchard analysis. In rats grouped according to sex and age, the cytosolic protein content was about the same in all groups, but the DNA content decreased with increased weight of the animal regardless of sex (male, female, or castrated male). The glucocorticoid receptor did not differ in concentration (2-3 pmol/g tissue) or ligand affinity (Kd, 10-40 nM) among the groups, but the androgen receptor concentration decreased with increased weight and age of the animals, more in the case of males than in the case of females or castrates. The Kd for the androgen receptor increased with age in males but was constantly about 0.2 nM for castrates or females. In adult intact rats, the androgen and glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in muscle cytosol from females were about 100 and 3000 fmol/g tissue, respectively, the corresponding values for males being about 50 and 2000 fmol/g tissue, respectively. Short term castration or adrenalectomy increased the concentration of and ligand affinity for the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors, respectively. After long term castration of male rats, the concentration of both receptors increased during 5 weeks to about the female level, only to decrease later. Neonatally castrated male rats had about the same androgen receptor concentrations and Kd values as female rats. Female mice had higher androgen receptor concentrations (approximately 700 fmol/g tissue) than rats. Intact male mice had about 200 fmol androgen receptor-binding sites/g tissue, and the same amount was found in mice bearing the testicular feminization (Tfm) mutant gene. In summary, the concentrations of androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in rat skeletal muscle are regulated at least by the testes. The presence of androgen receptors in skeletal muscle from Tfm mice is surprising and may motivate a reinvestigation of the regulation of androgen receptors in Tfm animals. PMID- 6970662 TI - A clinical trial of the value of a tomographic section view to identify liver abnormalities by radionuclide imaging, with special reference to metastatic disease. AB - A prospective trial was carried out to assess the value of a radionuclide transverse section view in addition to conventional radionuclide scans of the liver. Reports for 373 patients were analysed and compared with the final independent clinical diagnosis. Although several individual cases were more accurately diagnosed using the tomographic section view, the trial did not demonstrate a significant increase in accuracy of diagnosis in liver disease. Some possible reasons for this are discussed, mainly the difficulty of identifying and quantifying truly abnormal features of liver radioisotope scans. PMID- 6970663 TI - Active E rosette-forming cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. PMID- 6970664 TI - Stimulation of mucus output from rat colon in vivo. AB - Sodium chloride (155 mM) and N-acetyl cysteine (6 mM) were recirculated through the colons of anaesthetized rats. Mucus accumulated in the perfusion fluid which was changed at intervals to allow mucus output to be estimated by measurement of hexose. The output of mucus could be stimulated by intravenous administration of the cholinergic drugs carbachol and bethanechol; this effect was inhibited by atropine. Mucus output could also be stimulated by intravenous 5 hydroxytryptamine. This was not a muscarinic cholinergic effect because atropine did not prevent it. Neither did methysergide inhibit it; but chlorpromazine did. Precursors of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan and L-tryptophan, also stimulated mucus output if given in high dosage. The results suggest that in this preparation mucus output can be stimulated by two distinct mechanisms, one cholinergic, the other involving 5-hydroxytryptamine and perhaps 5 hydroxytryptophan. PMID- 6970665 TI - Clonidine analgesia and suppression of operant responding: dissociation of mechanism. AB - In the rat the effects of clonidine and xylazine were compared on a measure of analgesia (tail-withdrawal from hot water) and on operant responding maintained by a fixed-ratio 20-response schedule of food presentation. Clonidine (2--8 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent increase in tail-withdrawal latency and was approximately twice as potent as xylazine (8--16 mg/kg) in this test. This analgesic effect of 8 mg/kg of clonidine was antagonized by phenoxybenzamine (10 mg/kg), and high doses of yohimbine (5--10 mg/kg), whereas the effect of 2 mg/kg of clonidine was potentiated by a nonanalgesic dose of nisoxetine (10 mg/kg). Clonidine (0.0063--0.2 mg/kg) and xylazine (0.25--8 mg/kg) produced a dose dependent suppression of fixed-ratio responding. The potency of clonidine in this task was approximately 40 times greater than that of xylazine. The suppression of responding produced by both drugs was antagonized by low doses of yohimbine (0.5- 2 kg/mg), which was maximally effective at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The data suggest that when using this type of assay for analgesia, the antinociceptive effects of clonidine which are measured are a result of stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors or noradrenergic neurons or by adrenergic receptors which inhibit noradrenergic neurons. PMID- 6970667 TI - The influence of culture conditions on the production of colony-stimulating activity by human placenta. AB - The growth of human granulopoietic progenitor cells (CFUc) in vitro is stimulated by supernatants of human placental tissue cultures. The placenta culture was the subject of systematic experiments with the aim of improving the concentration of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in the crude material. Different culture parameters were varied and analyzed separately on the basis of dose-response studies. Maximum levels of CSA in human placental conditioned medium (HPCM) were obtained from 7-day cultures with a tissue-to-medium ratio of 1 to 20 and a depth of the culture fluid of 3 mm. Moreover, these modifications of the placenta culture resulted in a considerable reduction of inhibitors. HPCM stimulation of colony growth in agar unfailingly equaled feeder layer stimulation both in terms of colony number and size, each placenta producing enough material for maximum stimulation of 30,000 cultures. PMID- 6970666 TI - Studies on in vitro colony formation by mouse bone marrow cells using different inflammatory pleural exudates. Relation to colony stimulating factor (CSF). AB - An inflammatory exudate obtained in Swiss mice 3 hours after intrapleural injection of dextran was able to increase the number of cultivated peritoneal macrophages in S phase. This exudate was also able to stimulate the formation of colonies from mice bone marrow progenitors of macrophages and granulocytes in methylcellulose culture. The stimulating activity of this acute inflammatory exudate was compared with that of colony stimulating factor (GM.CSF). The qualitative and quantitative results showed that the biological activity of the mitogenic factor of this inflammatory exudate, inflammatory mitogenic factor (IMF) was very close to GM.CSF at optimal concentration, but when used at the same concentration, the exudate was less active than GM.CSF. A stimulating activity was also found with another inflammatory pleural exudate induced by calcium pyrophosphate. The comparative kinetics of the action of the two exudates on CFUc appeared alike but the rise was earlier with calcium pyrophosphate. These results suggest the release of a growth factor for monocyte-macrophage in different acute inflammatory exudates. PMID- 6970668 TI - Study of a CFUs stimulating factor liberated by bone marrow cells after total and partial body irradiation. AB - Data reported in this paper show that a long range stimulating factor is released by irradiated bone marrow 15 minutes after exposure and that the secretion of the factor precedes CFUs proliferation. The factor seems to be elaborated by liver cells as is demonstrated by dose effect experiments as well as by the fact that protected bone marrow secretes a factor, albeit with different kinetics of secretion from those of irradiated bone marrow. The liberation of the factor seems to be regulated by the size of the stem cell compartment. PMID- 6970670 TI - In vitro hemopoiesis of W/WV and +/+ marrow cells cultured alone and with thymocytes. AB - To evaluate the effects of thymocytes from anemic W/WV mice on hemopoiesis in vitro, we co-cultured thymocytes from W/WV mice or from their non-anemic +/+ littermates with W/WV or +/+ marrow cells in semi-solid systems designed to foster colonial growth from neutrophil/macrophage (CFUNM), early erythroid (BFUE), late erythroid (CFUE) precursors. The marrow cell to thymocyte ratios in the cultures were 1:3 and 1:20 (1:175 for CFUNM). Untreated or anti-theta serum (ATS) or mock (control) AT treated marrow cells were cultured with the thymocytes. We found that marrow from +/+ and W/WV mice contain equivalent concentrations of CFUNM but W/WV marrow has a lower concentration of BFUE than +/+ marrow. Neither +/+ nor W/WV thymoctyes, in the concentrations used, effected any increase in the numbers of CFUNM or CFUE colonies formed from untampered or antiserum treated marrow cells. In two groups, thymocytes effected a slight increase in the numbers of bursts (BFUE colonies) formed from marrow cell suspensions and in both of these groups W/WV thymocytes were as effective as +/+ thymocytes. Thus, under the conditions studied, W/WV thymocytes were not more inhibitory or less stimulatory for in vitro hemopoiesis than were normal thymocytes. PMID- 6970669 TI - Enhancement of granulocytic colony formation of deletion of phagocytic cells in the bone marrow patients with idiopathic aplastic anemia. AB - To study the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia, phagocytic cells from the bone marrow of patients with aplastic anemia were investigated. From 10 of 10 patients with this disease the concentration of CFUc in the bone marrow cells significantly increased after the removal of phagocytic cells. On the other hand, in bone marrow from only 4 of 27 controls, 22 non-aplastic anemia patients and 5 normal volunteers, the concentration of CFUc increased after the same treatment. From these findings, it may be inferred that phagocytic cells from the bone marrow of patients with aplastic anemia suppress proliferation and differentiation of granulocytic progenitor cells, and that this phenomenon is related to the development of this disease. PMID- 6970671 TI - The role of T lymphocytes and monocytes in the regulation of human erythropoietic peripheral blood burst forming units. AB - To clarify the role of T lymphocytes or monocytes in the regulation of human peripheral blood erythroid burst forming unit proliferation, equal numbers of purified T cells, B cells or monocytes were cultured in vitro with null cells in the plasma clot system. BFUE proliferation was directly proportional to the T cell concentration and inversely proportional to monocyte concentration in culture. The effect of B cells was variable and dependent on the extent of T cell contamination. Addition of a highly specific anti-human thymocyte IgG preparation (ATG) to null cells, T cells + null cells or B cells + null cells significantly reduced or eliminated BFUE proliferation. A burst promoting activity (BPA) was found in the supernatants of T cell enriched mixed lymphocyte cultures and could oppose the inhibition of BFUE proliferation by ATG. A burst inhibitory activity was found in the supernatants of monocyte enriched cultures. These studies provide further evidence that BFUE proliferation is determined by opposing actions of stimulator T cells and inhibitor monocytes and/or their soluble products. PMID- 6970672 TI - Bovine lung conditioned medium as a source of both human and murine colony stimulating factor. AB - Medium conditioned by bovine lung tissue (BLCM) contains a factor (CSFBL) that can stimulate either murine or human bone marrow cells to form colonies. CSFBL was partially purified by gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The specific activity was determined using both target systems. In all stages of purification the specific activity on human bone marrow was about 2 times greater than on mouse bone marrow. Determination of the molecular weight of CSFBL by gel filtration and comparison with mouse lung CSF (CSFML) revealed that both are similar in size, having an apparent molecular weight of 29,000 d. CSFBL stimulates only granulocyte colonies, neither macrophage nor mixed colonies could be detected in either bone marrow assay. These results and the ease of preparation recommend BLCM as a suitable starting for large scale preparation of CSF active on human cells. PMID- 6970674 TI - A bioassay system for two types of colony stimulating factor in human serum. AB - The biological assay of factors with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity in human serum poses special problems. Assays based on colony counts suggest, often erroneously, that serum lacks colony stimulating factors (CSF) but interacts with other materials to potentiate or produce factors. Although the scoring of total clone numbers reveals the presence of CSF in serum, this is still no sufficient for the interpretation of the effects of mixing materials containing CSF, because increments in clone numbers are not directly proportional to increments in CSF. This is particularly important in serum assays because two types of activity are present, one which stimulates progenitor cells directly, and another which results from the interation of serum and bone marrow adherent CSF-producing) cells or peripheral blood leucocytes, indicating the presence of both direct acting and "adherent cell dependent" CSF. A biological assay is described which uses analysis of dose-response curves of clone formation in agar culture, and allows simultaneous assay of both types of activity. The criteria for the selection of suitable target progenitor cell populations are discussed. PMID- 6970673 TI - Isoelectric focusing pattern of acid phosphatase and acid esterase in human blood cells, including thymocytes, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. AB - Lysosomal acid phosphatase and acid esterase from highly purified, viable human thymocytes, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes were subjected to direct measurement of activity and to isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide thin-layer slabs. The typical patterns for each cell line were found to be distinctly different from the results recently presented in this journal. The study described here opens a new possibility for the biochemical identification of cells and their functional derivatives and neoplastic variants. PMID- 6970675 TI - A "whole-blood" technique for the quantitation of canine "T-lymphocyte" progenitors using a semisolid culture system. AB - A whole blood technique is described for the growth of concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated canine lymphocyte colonies in semisolid medium. By eliminating the routine Ficoll-Paque (F-P) gradient lymphocyte isolation, this method avoids potential problems of growth modulation due to elimination of non-lymphoid accessory cells and the influences on colony formation associated with the selective effects of F-P on lymphocyte subpopulations. Thus, the technique more closely approximates the in vivo milieu. The whole-blood method also produces higher cloning efficiencies than methods using gradient isolation of lymphocytes. Studies over a wide range of blood concentration produced a linear response of in vitro colony formation although extrapolation of the cell-dose colony-response curve did not intersect zero. Mitogen titration data indicates that a relatively large dose of Con A is required for whole blood colony formation compared to the standard F-P method. The colonies ultrastructurally were composed of lymphoblastic and lymphocytic elements which were negative for non-specific esterase activity. Characterization of cells retrieved from the colonies using rosetting techniques indicates a high percentage of the colony cells relative to canine peripheral blood cells form rosettes with human erythrocytes. PMID- 6970676 TI - Fractionation of human bone marrow cell suspensions in nylon fiber columns: an efficient method for the removal of cells that produce colony stimulating factor (CSF). AB - In this report, we describe an efficient technique for the extraction of CSF producing cells from human marrow suspensions. Prior to plating in agar cultures, we incubated buoyant human marrow cells for 45 min in columns packed with nylon fiber or subjected the cells to two one-hour incubations in glass petri dishes. Recoveries of total cells, differential marrow elements, and committed granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (CFUc) were similar after each separative procedure. However, spontaneous CFUc proliferation was more effectively eliminated when cells were fractionated in nylon fiber columns. After the removal of cells which were adherent to glass, spontaneous CFUc proliferation in cultures containing no exogenous CSF accounted for 2.1% of total CFUc at a plating concentration of 10(5) cells/ml and 7.8% at a concentration of 3 X 10(5) cells/ml. After the fractionation of marrow cell suspensions in nylon fiber columns, spontaneous CFUc growth was completely obliterated at a plating concentration of 10(5) cells/ml, and at a concentration of 3 X 10(5) cells/ml accounted for only 0.09% of total CFUc. Further experiments were undertaken which demonstrated that buoyant marrow cells after incubation in nylon fiber columns may be employed to assay CSF in extremely dilute concentrations. Because of the simplicity and efficiency of this procedure, nylon fiber chromatography appears to be a highly useful technique for the rapid semi-purification of marrow suspensions for use in the assay of human CSF. PMID- 6970677 TI - Habituation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in the monkey during sinusoidal rotation in the dark. AB - In experimentally naive monkeys the horizontal vestibulo-ocular-reflex (VOR) has a time constant which is in the range of 40--60 s. It can be measured as the nystagmus decline after pulses of angular acceleration, or from the transfer functions obtained from sinusoidal rotation with different frequencies. When frequencies below 0.1 Hz are applied, sinusoidal rotation leads to a pronounced phase advance, a decrease in gain and a shortening of the pre- and post-rotatory nystagmus time constant. Even very low frequencies (e.g., 0.002 Hz) are effective where the phase advance of eye relative to head velocity is already 90 degrees in the naive animal. Exposing the animal to stimulation only at a single frequency shifts the whole frequency curve towards a greater phase advance. These results are consistent with habituation experiments in which steps of angular velocity have repeatedly been applied. In these experiments nystagmus duration is shortened, whereas the initial response at the end of acceleration does not change. This corresponds to a phase shift and a gain reduction in the low frequency range (below 0.1 Hz) which we have also observed during sinusoidal rotation. PMID- 6970678 TI - Influence of combined visual and vestibular cues on human perception and control of horizontal rotation. AB - Measurements are made of manual control performance in the closed-loop task of nulling perceived self-rotation velocity about an earth-vertical axis. Self velocity estimation is modeled as a function of the simultaneous presentation of vestibular and peripheral visual field motion cues. Based on measured low frequency operator behavior in three visual field environments, a parallel channel linear model is proposed which has separate visual and vestibular pathways summing in a complementary manner. A dual-input describing function analysis supports the complementary model; vestibular cues dominate sensation at higher frequencies. The describing function model is extended by the proposal of a non-linear cue conflict model, in which cue weighting depends on the level of agreement between visual and vestibular cues. PMID- 6970680 TI - Brugia pahangi: uptake and incorporation of nuclei acid precursors by microfilariae and macrofilariae in vitro. PMID- 6970679 TI - Ascaris suum: T-cell responses of C57BL/6J mice in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6970681 TI - Comparative experimental investigations on isopropylphenazone and aminophenazone. PMID- 6970682 TI - [Heterocyclic compounds containing a 4-aminophenylalkanoic acid group with potential antiinflammatory activity. II. 2-Substituted morpholine derivatives]. AB - Derivatives of 4-aminophenylalkanoic acids where the amino groups is part of a 3 morpholinone or a 2-morpholine ring, substituted in position 2 with a methyl, phenyl, 2-thienyl or (2-cyclohexyl)phenoxymethyl residue are described. Pharmacological evaluation aimed at evidencing analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity gave no noteworthy results. PMID- 6970683 TI - Research on heterocyclic compounds. X.-Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives: synthesis and antiinflammatory activity. AB - Since we had previously observed the considerable anti-inflammatory activity of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine 2-acetic acid, we prepared a series of imidazo[1,2 a]pyrazine derivatives, bearing some substituents on the pyrazine ring and a carboxylic, acetic or alpha-methylacetic moiety on the imidazole ring. These new compounds were tested for antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities. PMID- 6970684 TI - [Stomatologic implications of anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 6970685 TI - Thymus dependency in anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) binding responses in the spleen of Ambystoma mexicanum. Effects of thymectomy and anti-thymocyte serum treatments. PMID- 6970686 TI - Two erythropietic microenvironments and two larval red cell lines in bullfrog tadpoles. PMID- 6970687 TI - The significance of the latent period in thyroid hormone induced tissue regression during amphibian metamorphosis. PMID- 6970688 TI - Reversion of anti-acetylcholine receptor-site antibodies to negative following thymectomy. PMID- 6970690 TI - [Rehabilitative programs for patients surgically treated with aortocoronary bypass. Study group for the functional evaluation and rehabilitation of the cardiac patient]. PMID- 6970689 TI - [Surgical valve therapy combined with aorto-coronary bypass (author's transl)]. AB - The AA. analyse a series of 720 patients who have undergone an aorta coronary by pass combined with surgical valve therapy at the Texas Heart Institute up to an including 1977. 384 of these cases involved the aortic valve, 306 the mitral valve and 30 both valves. The combined operation was shown to be necessary since the disregarded or untreated coronary lesion in patients with valve pathology increases both the early and late mortality rate or reduces the results after surgical valve therapy. The double operation, on the other hand, reduces mortality, eliminates the symptoms, improves long-term survival and prevents myocardial infarction. Therefore emphasis is placed on the need for coronarographic investigation for valve patients over 40. However, the association of mitral or anuloplastic valve replacement does not lead to a significant improvement in long-term survival when mitral valve insufficiency is accompanied by an ischaemic aetiology. PMID- 6970691 TI - [The "clinical expedient" and its importance in medical care and education. II. The problem-oriented "clinical expedient"]. PMID- 6970692 TI - [The "clinical expedient" and its importance in medical care and education. III. The "clinical expedient" as an instrument of education]. PMID- 6970693 TI - [The "clinical expedient" and its importance in medical care and education. IV. The "clinical expedient" as a research tool]. PMID- 6970694 TI - [Cholestatic hepatitis due to troleandomycin, and pregnancy]. PMID- 6970695 TI - [Is troleandomycin contraindicated in pregnant women?]. PMID- 6970696 TI - [Ruptured esophageal varices in fulminant hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970698 TI - [Intestinal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin and exudative enteropathy]. PMID- 6970697 TI - [Plasma concentrations of cimetidine in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients with upper digestive tract hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970699 TI - [Laxative-induced intestinal protein loss in normal subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970700 TI - [Evaluation of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease activity by measurement of alpha-1-antitrypsin intestinal clearance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970701 TI - [Hemoccult and experimental intestinal tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970702 TI - Random fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration in children with gastrointestinal disease. AB - Random fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration was measured in children with various gastrointestinal diseases and in normal subjects. One hundred fifteen subjects were evaluated: controls (39); chronic inflammatory bowel disease (20); chronic diarrhea (18); acute gastroenteritis (17); allergic gastroenteropathy (5); chronic pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (4); acute gastrointestinal bleeding (4); nonspecific colitis (4); celiac disease (3); and intestinal lymphangiectasia (1). Mean fecal-alpha-1-antitrypsin for the controls was 0.98 mg/g lyophilized stool. All children with celiac disease, allergic gastroenteropathy, lymphangiectasia, nonspecific colitis, acute gastrointestinal bleeding, and 19 of 20 patients with active chronic inflammatory bowel disease had fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin concentrations greater than 2.6 mg/g stool (mean of the controls + 2 SD). These disorders have all been previously documented to cause protein-losing enteropathy by 51Cr-labeled albumin excretion tests. The other study patients had normal fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin excretion when compared with controls. Serial fecal antitrypsin concentrations paralleled disease activity and clinical response to therapy. The results suggest that random fecal antitrypsin concentration is a valuable screening test for mucosal disorders associated with abnormal transmucosal serum protein loss. PMID- 6970703 TI - The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage. AB - We analyzed the clinical course of 85 consecutive, endoscopically verified variceal bleeders. Most patients were alcoholics with advanced stages of hepatic dysfunction. Bleeding was major in all, and medical mortality was 42% at 6 wk. Factors affecting mortality and factors not affecting survival, such as age and comorbid conditions, were identified. Sixty percent of early deaths and 40% of late deaths were attributable to bleeding. Approximately one-third of patients experienced rebleeding within 6 wk, and one-third of survivors experienced subsequent bleeds. In these patients significant improvement with observation was often anticipated, but could not be verified. The majority of deaths associated with variceal bleeding occur soon after the bleeding episode. Those who survive the hospitalization for bleeding may not fare worse than others of similar hepatic functional reserve but who have not experienced bleeding. We demonstrated that statistically significantly different survival curves could be obtained from the same population by changing the zero time for calculating survival. For example, a 1-yr survival rate of 34% for all medically treated patients could be raised to 52% by eliminating from consideration those who failed to survive 2 wk. The long-term survival course of those surviving greater than 2 wk was not statistically significantly different from published series of unselected cirrhotics without bleeding. Variceal bleeding is a common accompaniment of advanced liver disease. We propose that any substantial improvement in long-term survival must improve survival for the early period. If controlled trials are to be done, patients should be matched for hepatic functional reserve and identical zero time for calculating survival must be used. PMID- 6970704 TI - Facilitated transport of urea across the baso-lateral membrane of the urinary bladder of Rana esculenta. PMID- 6970705 TI - Membrane structure and muscarinic function: a temperature acclimation approach. PMID- 6970706 TI - [Use of modified xenografts for aortocoronary shunting]. PMID- 6970707 TI - [High-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue in osteogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 6970709 TI - [Procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6970710 TI - [Thermometric evaluation of thermal effects of electrotherapy and thermal therapy]. PMID- 6970708 TI - [Emergency endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding]. PMID- 6970711 TI - [Cerebral application of electronic noise in headache]. PMID- 6970712 TI - Problem-oriented records of withdrawn patients: using an interaction card. PMID- 6970713 TI - Biological age in adulthood: comparison of active and inactive U.S. males. PMID- 6970714 TI - Serum antibodies in connective tissue diseases. PMID- 6970715 TI - PiZpratt: a new alpha 1-antitrypsin allele in an American Negro family. AB - A rare alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype was detected in serum of individuals belonging to three generations of an American Negro family. Following the recommended guidelines of nomenclature, we labeled the new Pi type Zpratt; the corresponding allele is PiZpratt. Alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration and trypsin inhibitory capacity are normal in MZpratt serum. PMID- 6970716 TI - The follow-up study of skin reactivity to recall antigens and E- and EAC-RFC profiles in blood in asbestos workers. AB - We have determined cutaneous DTH reactions to SK-SD and PPD and peripheral blood lymphocyte profiles in a group of asbestos workers in two consecutive surveys. It was found that asbestosis and, to a lesser extent, the presence of ANA are significantly correlated with the lack of response to the above antigens. 83% of asbestos workers when tested at a 4 year interval fell into the same two categories of responsiveness (lack of response or response at least to one antigen). The asbestosis cases had lower total lymphocyte count as well as proportions and absolute number of E-RFC as compared to asbestos workers without asbestosis and/or ANA. Furthermore, the latter group showed the lower percentages and absolute number of E-RFC than the matched controls. The presence of ANA is also correlated with lower proportions of E-RFC. However, this is related at least in part to asbestosis. PMID- 6970718 TI - Staphylococcus aureus and protein A as mitogens for rabbit T lymphocytes. AB - The thymidine uptake by rabbit lymph nodes, spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes was stimulated by Protein A (SpA) and SpA-containing staphylococci. The cell fraction enriched in T lymphocytes showed a higher degree of stimulation with SpA than the fraction enriched in B cells. Rabbit thymocytes showed a marked thymidine uptake by treatment with SpA but not with staphylococci. The monovalent fragment B of SpA (reacting with IgG) neither stimulated nor inhibited the incorporation of thymidine in rabbit lymph node lymphocytes indicating that the Fc reacting site of SpA cannot be responsible for the mitogenicity. PMID- 6970717 TI - Peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with herpes genitalis. AB - Peripheral blood samples from 52 women including 16 with herpes genitalis and 36 healthy persons were studied to enumerate subpopulations of lymphocytes. T lymphocyte counts were done by SRBC rosette tests and B lymphocytes by immunobead rosette tests using antibody-coated polyacrylamide beads. It was found that the mean percentage of "active T lymphocytes was significantly less in the patients with herpes genitalis than in the controls (herpes genitalis; 13.9 +/- 6.8%, controls; 25.0 +/- 8.3%, p less than 0.001). No difference was noted in the percentage of "total" T lymphocytes, "total" B lymphocytes and subsets of B lymphocytes (IgG-, IgA- and IgM-bearing lymphocytes) between the patients and controls. The present findings suggest that cell-mediated immune function associated with "active" T lymphocytes is suppressed in patients with herpes genitalis. PMID- 6970719 TI - Characterization of Thy 1.2 positive cells in mouse bone marrow by sedimentation and mitogen stimulation. AB - By the use of unit gravity velocity sedimentation it was found that the majority of Thy 1.2 positive cells in the bone marrow of BALB/c mice sedimented in the same fractions as small lymphocytes of the marrow. This was shown both in normal, neonatally thymectomized and congenitally athymic mice. In all three groups of mice, two populations of Thy 1.2 positive cells were found. This indicates that these cells are cycling in the bone marrow. Long-lived T cells of normal bone marrow were included in the slowly sedimenting Thy 1.2 positive population (peak at 3 mm/h). Results after stimulation of bone-marrow cells with phytohaemagglutinin or concanavalin A indicated that the majority of Thy 1.2 positive cells in the bone marrow of thymus-deprived mice are effete end products. PMID- 6970720 TI - Mitogenic response of T-cell subclasses to agarose-linked and to free ribonucleotides. AB - Thymocytes incubated with either ATP or GTP exhibit a brief period of enhanced DNA synthesis in contrast to the prolonged period of enhanced synthesis observed when thymocytes were incubated with concanavalin A. The cells responding to nucleotides represent a sub-population of theta antigen-bearing T cells comprising approximately 2% of the total thymocyte population as judged by a combined immunofluorescent/autoradiographic analysis. Thymocytes responsive to ATP and GTP are sensitive to cortisone suggesting that they are relatively immature T cells. ATP-responsive cells also preferentially aggregate with immature T cells when incubated with peanut agglutinin. GTP-responsive cells, on the other hand, do not. Nucleotides rendered insoluble by linkage to agarose via the ribose moiety are more active mitogenically at lower concentrations than either soluble nucleotides or even nucleotides linked to agarose via the nucleic acid base. The results are consistent with the view that the mitogenic response of thymocytes to nucleotides may be limited to as little as a single round of DNA synthesis and that such mitogenesis is stimulated at a site located on the plasma membrane. PMID- 6970721 TI - Isotype specificity of Fc gamma-receptors on guinea-pig T lymphocytes and their modulation by homologous immune complexes. PMID- 6970722 TI - Monoclonal rat anti-MHC alloantibodies detect HLA-linked polymorphisms in humans. AB - Two monoclonal rat anti-MHC alloantibodies detect a polymorphic determinant expressed on the peripheral lymphocytes of normal human donors. The pattern of cytotoxicity observed with these antibodies correlated with the HLA type of the individual; no HLA-A-locus specificities showed significant associations, and all of the HLA-B-locus specificities showing significant association were members of the Bw6 supertype. Family studies established that the determinant detected by the monoclonal antibodies is linked to HLA. These studies therefore provide an alternative basis for the production of monoclonal antibodies to polymorphic HLA determinants based on the conservation of polymorphic MHC determinants between man and rats. PMID- 6970723 TI - Counter current immunoelectrophoresis in the rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis. PMID- 6970725 TI - Ectopia lentis in a family. PMID- 6970724 TI - Experimental cryptococcosis in normal and T cell deficient mice. PMID- 6970726 TI - Human lymphocyte/human erythrocyte rosettes. I. Blood "H" rosettes are high affinity E-rosetting-forming T lymphocytes occurring in high frequency. AB - Human lymphocytes will rosette with human red blood cells under certain conditions (H rosettes). The work presented in this paper documents the following: (1) a reproducible short-term assay for the detection of H rosettes in proportions similar to those reported recently in the literature (25-30%); (2) technical improvements on the basic assay system demonstrating that, in fact, 40 65% of human lymphocytes form H rosettes; (3) the fact that, in normal donors, auto and allo H rosettes are formed by identical lymphocyte subpopulations; (4) that H rosettes are formed independently of the ABH, Rh and Thomsen-Freidenreich (TF) red-cell antigens on the indicator red cells; and (5) that H rosette-forming cells consist almost entirely of T lymphocytes having high-affinity receptors for sheep erythrocytes. The large difference in size between sheep and human RBC made it possible to do double rosette assays in which high- and low-affinity E-rosette forming T cells could be visualized on the same slide. As with T lymphocytes in general, a large proportion of HRFC was found to have Fc-IgM receptors while a smaller proportion has Fc-IgG receptors. Studies done on a small group of leukemic patients supported the T-cell nature of the H rosette-forming cell. PMID- 6970727 TI - Establishment and characterization of a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). AB - A human leukemic cell line (THP-1) cultured from the blood of a boy with acute monocytic leukemia is described. This cell line had Fc and C3b receptors, but no surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. HLA haplotypes of THP-1 were HLA-A2, -A9, -B5, -DRW1 and -DRW2. The monocytic nature of the cell line was characterized by: (1) the presence of alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activities which could be inhibited by NaF; (2) lysozyme production; (3) the phagocytosis of latex particles and sensitized sheep erythrocytes; and (4) the ability to restore T lymphocyte response to Con A. The cells did not possess Epstein-Barr virus associated nuclear antigen. These results indicate that THP-1 is a leukemia cell line with distinct monocytic markers. During culture, THP-1 maintained these monocytic characteristics for over 14 months. PMID- 6970728 TI - Recovery of the capacity for cytotoxic T cell generation in cyclophosphamide treated mice by the addition of LYT-1/2- helper cells. AB - Spleen cells from mice treated with cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) and cultured at suboptimal concentrations do not generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes to allogeneic tumor cells. The reduced response of spleen cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice is not due to the elimination of cytotoxic T cell precursors because normal responses are obtained by the addition of Lyt-1+2- T helper cells to the culture system. These results indicate that helper cells, required for the development of cytotoxic T cell responses to tumor alloantigens, are eliminated by cyclophosphamide in the absence of evident toxicity to cytotoxic T cell precursors. PMID- 6970729 TI - Evaluation of the effect of spinal cord stimulation on motor performance in patients with upper motor neurone lesions. PMID- 6970730 TI - The electron affinity of some radiotherapeutic agents used in cancer therapy. AB - In order to evaluate whether chemotherapeutic compounds applied in cancer treatment might interact with radiation as anoxic cell sensitizers, the electron affinic properties of DTIC, AIC, hydroxyurea, busulfan and cyclophosphamide were studied by pulse radiolysis. Reaction rates with hydrated electrons were determined for all these compounds. With the exception of DTIC, they all reacted much more slowly with electrons than do most electron-affinic sensitizers. One electron reduction potentials were determined for DTIC, AIC and hydroxyurea. The values were all in the region for the onset of sensitization, with hydroxyurea as the most promising (E71 =- 0.0552V). For busulfan and cyclophosphamide no value could be determined, but these compounds are probably less electron-affinic than hydroxyurea. A possible application of chemotherapeutic agents as radiosensitizers is discussed. PMID- 6970732 TI - Cytotoxic effect of chlorpromazine and its interaction with radiation on a mouse fibrosarcoma. PMID- 6970731 TI - Structure-activity relationships in the development of hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. III. Effects of basic substituents in nitroimidazole sidechains. AB - The effects of substituting 2-nitroimidazoles with groups carrying basic functions were studied. Prototropic, redox, lipophilicity and protein-binding properties were compared with the efficiency in radiosensitizing hypoxic Chinese hamster V79-379A cells in vitro and the cytotoxicities of the compounds after chronic aerobic exposure. Seventeen compounds were (2-nitro-1 imidazolyl)alkylamines in which the effects of changes in the terminating base and of alkyl chain length were investigated. About an order of magnitude increase in sensitization efficiency could be observed in some compounds without any increase in the aerobic cytotoxicity compared to simple, uncharged 2 nitroimidazoles such as misonidazole. The behaviour of five hydrazones was similar to that of uncharged analogues. The methiodide quaternary salts of two of the (2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)alkylamines showed that quaternization considerably reduced sensitization efficiency. (Nitro-1-imidazolyl)alkylamines appear worthy of further investigation as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers in vivo. PMID- 6970734 TI - Rapid-mix studies on the anomalous radiosensitization of mammalian cells by 5 chloro-1-methyl-4-nitromidazole. PMID- 6970733 TI - Effect of general anaesthetics on the thermal response of normal and malignant murine tissues. PMID- 6970735 TI - Dependence of heat and X-ray sensitivity of V 79 cells on growth media and various serum combinations. PMID- 6970737 TI - Histone phosphorylation during radiation-induced mitotic delay in synchronous plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 6970736 TI - Radiation-induced chromosome damage in patients after tumour therapy with 14 MeV, DT neutrons. PMID- 6970738 TI - Inflammatory cell subpopulations in the middle ear mucosa of ears with effusion. AB - Middle ear mucosal biopsies were taken from 11 patients with middle ear effusion. In 8 cases the specimens were sufficiently large to allow detailed studies of the submucosal cellular components. It appears that in noncomplicated serous middle ear effusion, due to mechanical obstruction of the Eustachian tube, the submucosa is not infiltrated by inflammatory cells. In all types of mucoid effusion of variable duration, various lymphocyte classes, i.e. T- and B-lymphocytes and plasma cells, were present, suggesting a normal cellular immune response. The lack of granulocytes seems to indicate that there is no submucosal infection. PMID- 6970740 TI - The role of inducible beta-lactamases in the antagonism seen with certain cephalosporin combinations. PMID- 6970739 TI - An update on cardiac surgery. PMID- 6970741 TI - Clavulanic acid and respiratory infection. PMID- 6970742 TI - Study of alpha-1-antitrypsin activity in liver diseases. PMID- 6970744 TI - beta-lactamase from Streptomyces cacaoi. Purification and properties. AB - A beta-lactamase was purified to an apparently homogeneous state from Streptomyces cacaoi. The molecular weight calculated from the mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 34,000. pI was 4.7 and the optimal pH was 6.5. The optimum temperature was found to be between 40 degrees C and 45 degrees C, but the enzyme lost activity above 50 degrees C. N Bromosuccinimide was the strongest inhibitor among the reagents tested, followed by iodine. p-Chloromercuribenzoate showed a weak inhibitory effect. Diisopropylfluorophosphate and sodium chloride did not show any inhibitory effect on the enzyme. The beta-lactamase catalyzed the hydrolysis of methicillin and cloxacillin at two-thirds to one-third the rate of benzylpenicillin. On the other hand, the enzyme hydrolyzed cephalosporins and 7-methoxycephalosporin only slowly. With benzylpenicillin as a substrate, the Km increased sharply with decreasing pH and the pK alpha estimated from the Km versus pH curve was 6.5 to 7.0. In contrast, with cloxacillin as a substrate, the Km showed a minimum at pH 7.5. The Vmax changed with pH in a bell-shaped curve in the case of benzylpenicillin, but the Vmax for cloxacillin changed only within a small range. In addition, the ratio of the hydrolysis rate of benzylpenicillin and cloxacillin at 30 degrees C and 20 degrees C (V30 degrees/V20 degrees) was found to be 1.23 and 1.55, respectively. These results indicate that the S. cacaoi beta-lactamase behaves differently toward benzylpenicillin and cloxacillin, although both are penicillins. S. cacaoi seems to release beta-lactamase into the culture medium soon after its biosynthesis without retaining it in the membrane and the soluble fraction. The possible relationships between beta-lactamases from Streptomyces and those from pathogenic bacteria are discussed. PMID- 6970743 TI - In vivo intermembrane transfer of phospholipids in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The kinetics of accumulation of phospholipids into the intracytoplasmic membrane of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides have been examined. We have previously demonstrated that accumulation of phospholipids in the intracytoplasmic membrane is discontinuous with respect to the cell cycle. In this study we demonstrated a sevenfold increase in the rate of phospholipid incorporation into the intracytoplasmic membrane concurrent with the onset of cell division. Pulse-chase labeling studies revealed that the increase in the rate of phospholipid accumulation into the intracytoplasmic membrane results from the transfer of phospholipid from a site other than the intracytoplasmic membrane, and that the transfer of phospholipid, rather than synthesis of phospholipid, is most likely subject to cell cycle-specific regulation. The rates of synthesis of the individual phospholipid species (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyglycerol, and an unknown phospholipid) remained constant with respect to one another throughout the cell cycle. Similarly, each of these phospholipid species appeared to be transferred simultaneously to the intracytoplasmic membrane. We also present preliminary kinetic evidence which suggested that phosphatidylethanolamine may be converted to phosphatidycholine within the intracytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 6970745 TI - Characterization of human C4a anaphylatoxin. AB - Human C4a anaphylatoxin was isolated from a Cls digest of the fourth component of complement. Isolation required a two-step procedure involving ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50 and gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. Characterization of C4a indicated it is a highly cationic polypeptide (pI = 9.0 9.5) containing 77 residues with Mr = 8,759. C4a is devoid of tryptophan, histidine, and carbohydrate. Judged by the shape and magnitude of its circular dichroism spectrum, 54% of the polypeptide backbone of C4a assumes an alpha helical conformation. Partial NH2-terminal sequence determination of C4a revealed a sequence identical with that published by Bolotin et al. (Bolotin, C., Morris, S., Tack, B., and Prahl, J. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 2008-2015) for the NH2 terminus of the alpha-subunit of human C4. Comparison of the NH2-terminal sequence of C4a with the sequences of complement activation fragments C3a (Hugli, T.E. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 8293-8301) and C5a (Fernandez, H.N., and Hugli, T.E. (1978) J. Biol. Chem, 253-6955-6962) showed that of the first 24 NH2 terminal residues of C4a, 6 were identical with those of C3a (25% homology) and 8 were identical with those of C5a (33% homology). These data represent the first chemical evidence for the existence of an evolutionary relationship among anaphylatoxins C3a, C4a, and C5a, and imply that a similar relationship exists among their precursor proteins. PMID- 6970747 TI - Medial consonant cluster acquisition by Telugu children. PMID- 6970748 TI - Context-specificity and generalization in the acquisition of pronominal distinctions. PMID- 6970746 TI - Absence of filipin-sterol complexes from the membranes of active zones and acetylcholine receptor aggregates at frog neuromuscular junctions. AB - The polyene antibiotic filipin reacts specifically with membrane cholesterol and produces distinctive membrane lesions. We treated frog cutaneous and sartorius muscles with 0.04% filipin in a glutaraldehyde solution with or without prefixation with glutaraldehyde. Freeze-fracture of these muscles revealed numerous 19 to 38-nm protuberances and depressions (filipin-sterol complexes) in most areas of muscle, axon, and Schwann cell membranes. In the presynaptic membrane, however, these filipin-sterol complexes were absent from active zones consisting of ridges bordered with double rows of particles. In the postsynaptic membrane, filipin-sterol complexes were also virtually absent from the areas occupied by aggregates of large particles representing acetylcholine receptors. These results suggest that the membrane regions of active zones and acetylcholine receptor aggregates have a low cholesterol content. PMID- 6970749 TI - Three-year changes in bone mineral mass of postmenopausal osteoporotic patients based on neutron activation analysis of the central third of the skeleton. PMID- 6970750 TI - Antibodies to T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human T cells. AB - Patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often have circulating antibodies to T cells. These patients also often have leukopenia and diminished numbers of T lymphocytes. In addition, certain T lymphocyte functions are frequently impaired in patients with SLE. It has been previously considered that a complement-dependent cytotoxic mechanism was responsible for the above observations. We now demonstrate that antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), a cytotoxic reaction mediated by antibody and effector cells in the absence of complement, can also kill T cells from normal individuals as well as from patients with SLE. Moreover, this ADCC could be observed using the plasma, effector cells, and target cells all obtained from the same individual with SLE. Plasma of those patients with active SLE, and in whom anti-T cell antibodies could be demonstrated by the more classical complement-dependent cytotoxicity, was most often able to mediate such an ADCC reaction. The IgG fraction of the plasma was responsible for inducing ADCC, and aggregated IgG could block the reaction. The fact that the IgG fraction was often more effective than the unfractionated plasma suggested that immune complexes present in SLE plasma might partially block the expression of ADCC. Because a single SLE plasma could induce ADCC in T cells from several different unrelated individuals, it is unlikely that antibodies directed against particular human leukocyte antigens (HLA) or blood group antigens are involved. PMID- 6970751 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells lack the 185,000-dalton macromolecular insoluble cold globulin present on normal B lymphocytes. AB - We have recently characterized two lymphocyte-associated membrane proteins which have been termed 225,000-dalton and 185,000-dalton macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (225-MICG and 185-MICG, respectively) to distinguish their major physicochemical properties. These proteins differ antigenically, structurally, and in their cellular distribution. T cells can be distinguished by the synthesis and presence in the plasma membrane of 225-MICG, Null cells by the appearance of 185-MICG, and B cells by the appearance of both 225- and 185-MICG. The characterization of these two proteins in the monoclonal B lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia forms the basis of this report. Using immunofluorescent microscopy, we found only 225-MICG on the surface of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells in 15 patients, whereas control B cells from 20 individuals displayed both 225- and 185-MICG. When MICG proteins were isolated and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, normal B cells showed two stained bands, corresponding to 225- and 185-MICG, whereas the CLL cells demonstrated only the 225-MICG band. Using labeled amino acid incorporation into cellular protein, normal B cells were shown to synthesize 225- and 185-MICG, whereas CLL cells synthesized only 225-MICG, as determined by immune or cold precipitation of labeled cell lysates. When labeled secretions from B cells and CLL cells were analyzed by immune precipitation, 225- and 185-MICG were secreted by B cells, whereas neither protein was secreted by CLL cells. When normal B cells and CLL cells were mixed, incubated, and lysed together, both 225- and 185 MICG were present, thus excluding proteolysis as a cause of the absence of 185 MICG in CLL. The lack of 185-MICG in CLL distinguishes leukemic cells from normal B lymphocytes. Furthermore, the absence of this normal cell surface protein in these leukemic cells suggests a role for 185-MICG in the malignant transformation of lymphocytes. PMID- 6970752 TI - Human erythroid burst-forming units. Growth in vitro is dependent on monocytes, but not T lymphocytes. AB - The roles of monocytes and T lymphocytes in the regulation of human peripheral blood erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) were studied in erythropoietin containing plasma clot cultures of subpopulations of human blood mononuclear cells. BFU-E growth was decreased significantly after depletion of monocytes alone (mean 11% of expected, range 0 to 42% of expected) or depletion of both monocytes and T cells (mean 6.5% of expected, range 0.5 to 12% of expected) from mononuclear cells. T cell depletion did not impair BFU-E growth in vitro. Using 10(5) monocyte- and T lymphocyte-depleted mononuclear cells as target cells (less than 1% monocytes, less than 5% T cells), BFU-E growth was restored to 40% of expected by addition of 10(4) monocytes, and to 96% of expected by 10(5) monocytes alone. Addition of as many as 2 X 10(5) T cells but no monocytes resulted in stimulation to only 34% of expected BFU-E growth. Addition of 2 X 10(4) T cells, which alone did not affect BFU-E growth, could augment significantly the stimulatory effect of 5-20 X 10(3) monocytes on BFU-E growth. Thus, monocytes alone appear to be capable of stimulating BFU-E growth in vitro in the presence of erythropoietin. T cells also may make small quantities of BFU E stimulators. However, it seems more likely that the most important role of T lymphocytes in BFU-E regulation in vitro is a result of interactions with monocytes and augmentation of monocyte production of stimulators of BFU-E growth. PMID- 6970754 TI - The developmental changes in plasma adrenal androgens during infancy and adrenarche are associated with changing activities of adrenal microsomal 17 hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase. AB - The plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decrease during the first year of life, remain low during childhood, and then increase during adrenarche. To determine whether alterations in adrenal enzyme activity might explain the changing secretory pattern of the adrenal androgens, we measured human adrenal microsomal 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase, 17,20-desmolase, 17-hydroxylase, and 21 hydroxylase activities. 12 adrenals from individuals aged 3 mo to 60 yr were studied. The patients were divided into three groups based upon the age of the patient when the adrenal glands were obtained: group 1, infants aged 3--8 mo (n = 3); group 2, preadrenarchal or early adrenarchal children aged 2--9 yr (n = 4); and group 3, adults aged 20--60 yr (n = 5). The mean activity of the 17,20 desmolase, 17-hydroxylase, and 21-hydroxylase fell by 50% and that of 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase activity rose 80% from group 1 to 2. A fourfold increase in 17,20-desmolase (P less than 0.002) and 17-hydroxylase (P less than 0.001) activity and a doubling in 21-hydroxylase activity (P less than 0.005) occurred between groups 2 and 3. We conclude that the decline in plasma adrenal androgens after birth appears to be associated with a rise in 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase and a fall in 17,20-desmolase and 17 hydroxylase activity. The subsequent increase in plasma adrenal androgen concentration during adrenarche is coincident with a rise in 17,20-desmolase and 17-hydroxylase activity. PMID- 6970755 TI - Immunological studies of aging. Decreased production of and response to T cell growth factor by lymphocytes from aged humans. AB - Human lymphocytes from elderly and young donors were cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A. Cultures from old donors produced less T cell growth factor (TCGF) and incorporated less tritiated thymidine (3H Tdr) than did similar cultures from young donors in the presence of either mitogen. Furthermore, the response of lymphocytes from elderly donors to TCGF was impaired. Thus, PHA-activated T cells from aged donors showed no increase tritiated thymidine incorporation when incubated with exogenous human TCGF. In contrast, addition of exogenous human TCGF to PHA-activated peripheral blood leukocytes from younger individuals increased tritiated thymidine incorporation by 30-50%. The impaired response to TCGF was associated with decreased binding of TCGF by PHA-activated cells from old donors. TCGF production or responsiveness was not associated with the presence of "suppressor" activity in elderly T cell preparations. These studies suggest a possible molecular mechanism for the impaired proliferative response of elderly human T cells. These data lend support to the hypothesis that defects in the capacity to either produce or respond to TCGF may be a fundamental cause of immune deficiency. PMID- 6970756 TI - The aberrant retino-retinal projection during optic nerve regeneration in the frog. I. Time course of formation and cells of origin. AB - We have reported previously that during optic nerve regeneration in Rana pipiens, axons are misrouted into the opposite nerve and retina. In the present investigation we have examined the time course of formation of these "misrouted" axons and their cells of origin. The right eye of 31 frogs was injected with 3H proline at various times after right optic nerve crush. In every frog examined 2 weeks and later after nerve crush, the distribution of autoradiographic label indicated that axons from the right eye had grown into the left optic nerve at the chiasm. The amount of label increased from 2 weeks to reach a maximum at 6 weeks where the entire left nerve was filled with silver grains. At 5 to 6 weeks after crush, labeled axons were found within the ganglion cell fiber layer (GCFL) of the retina of the opposite eye for a maximum distance of 2.3 mm from the optic disc. In frogs examined at intervals later than 6 weeks after crush, the amount of label within the left eye and nerve progressively decreased, indicating a gradual disappearance of the misrouted axons. Studies using anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after nerve injection confirmed these autoradiographic findings. The position of ganglion cells in the right eye whose axons were misrouted to the left eye was determined by retrograde transport of HRP. Five or 6 weeks after crushing the right optic nerve, the left eye was injected with HRP and labeled ganglion cells were found throughout the right eye retina. The largest percentage of labeled cells was found within the ventral half of the retina, particularly within the temporal quadrant, and nearly all of the labeled cells were found in more peripheral portions of the retina. Since few retino-retinal axons are found during normal development, the present results show that the factors guiding regenerating axons in the adult frog differ substantially from those present during development. PMID- 6970757 TI - The aberrant retino-retinal projection during optic nerve regeneration in the frog. II. Anterograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase. AB - Previous experiments have shown that a substantial number of regenerating optic axons in adult frogs (Rana pipiens) are misrouted into the opposite optic nerve and retina during early stages of regeneration. This projection is maximal at 5 and 6 weeks after optic nerve crush. To further characterize this anomalous projection, small quantities of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were injected into the right eye or right optic nerve 5 or 6 weeks after right optic nerve crush. Twenty-four hours later the animals were killed and regenerating axons anterogradely filled with HRP were reacted with the tetramethyl-benzidine method or a diaminobenzidine-CoCl2 method. Serial reconstruction tracing the course of individual axons through the optic chiasm showed that few of the axons projecting into the opposite optic nerve were collaterals of axons projecting centrally. Instead, the majority of labeled axons misdirected into the opposite nerve or contributing to an expanded projection into the ipsilateral optic tract turned out of the chiasm without branching. Many of the labeled regenerating axons had unusual trajectories within the chiasm, making abrupt turns or changing their direction of growth. Most of the axons misrouted into the opposite nerve came from portions of the chiasm nearest to the nerve of other eye. In three of eight frogs with an intact optic nerve, a small number of HRP-labeled axons were found in the left nerve after right nerve injection, but there was no indication that these axons reached the left eye. The results from this investigation suggest that the most parsimonious explanation for the chiasmal misrouting of regenerating frog optic axons is that axons are mechanically deflected into inappropriate pathways. PMID- 6970753 TI - Long-duration intracavitary infusion of methotrexate with systemic leucovorin protection in patients with malignant effusions. AB - 18 patients with malignant effusions were treated with continuous intraperitoneal, intrapleural, or intrapericardial infusion of methotrexate (MTX) 30 mg/m2 per d combined with simultaneous intravenous administration of leucovorin at a dose rate calculated to yield an equimolar concentration in the serum. In the serum the geometric mean steady-state MTX concentration was 0.95 microM, whereas it was 24 microM in the peritoneal, 213 microM in the pleural, and 434 microM in the pericardial cavities. Mean clearance was 6.6 ml/min from the peritoneal cavity, 2.6 ml/min from the pleural cavity, and 0.14 ml/min from the pericardial cavity. Leucovorin provided sufficient protection to allow the duration of infusion to be escalated from 24 to 120 h before myelosuppression was encountered. Marrow thymidylate synthetase activity was inhibited by an average of 46% compared to 86% inhibition in malignant cells in the effusions. Flow cytometric analysis showed no perturbation of the cell cycle phase distribution of marrow cells. All eight of the evaluable patients have responded: three received no other form of therapy, five also received systemic hormonal or chemotherapy. This study demonstrated that tumors confined to third space body fluids can be given very high concentration x time exposures to MTX with minimal systemic toxicity. PMID- 6970758 TI - The aberrant retino-retinal projection during optic nerve regeneration in the frog. III. Effects of crushing both nerves. AB - Previous reports from this laboratory have shown that a substantial number of optic axons are misrouted after optic nerve regeneration in the adult frog, Rana pipiens. Regenerating axons from a crushed optic nerve are distributed throughout the opposite nerve. In this study, we report the effect of crushing both optic nerves (double crush) on the pattern and degree of axonal misrouting. In 28 frogs both optic nerves were crushed at the same time (simultaneous double crush) and animals survived for varying periods before the right eye was injected with 3H proline and the brain processed for autoradiography 24 hours later. In every frog with postoperative survivals longer than 2 weeks, labeled axons from the right eye were found in the left optic nerve. However, when compared to the amount of label seen in frogs in which only the right optic nerve was crushed (single crush) there was substantially less label within the left nerve of frogs after crushing both nerves. Label was also found only at the edge of the left nerve in material from double crush frogs, unlike that found after single crush. In four of six frogs where the left nerve was crushed 1 week after the right nerve (delayed double crush), the proximal end of the left nerve was completely filled with label, but more distally, label was found only along the edge of this nerve. Although fewer optic axons were labeled in the opposite optic nerve of double crush frogs, label did extend to the optic disc of that eye. However, label was not apparent in the ganglion cell fiber layer of the opposite eye. Instead, it was confined to the edge of the optic disc in a space apparently associated with papilledema resulting from crushing the optic nerve of that eye. In six frogs the retina of the left eye was removed at the same time the right optic nerve was crushed. Labeled axons of the right eye filled the left optic nerve to the retina less shell of the left eye. Thus, these data show that the amount and distribution of axonal misrouting into the opposite optic nerve during optic nerve regeneration is affected by intact or regenerating optic axons from the other eye. PMID- 6970759 TI - Topographic and morphometric effects of bilateral embryonic eye removal on the optic tectum and nucleus isthmus of the leopard frog. AB - Rana pipiens were raised through metamorphosis after extirpation of both eye primordia at Shumway embryonic stage 17 (Shumway '40). The visual connections between the isthmic nuclei and the optic tectum were examined in these animals using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry. Isthmo-tectal projections are normally aligned with the primary retinotectal map. We asked whether these connections would develop normal topographic organization in the absence of normal retinal input. HRP was formed into a solid pellet (congruent to 200-500 micrometer diameter) and inserted into one tectal lobe on the tip of a fine metal probe. The procedure produced relatively restricted retrograde label in somas and dendrites in both isthmi nuclei. In the nucleus isthmus ipsilateral to the tectal lobe receiving the HRP pellet, processes of tecto-isthmi neurons were labeled by anterograde transport. The topography of the isthmo-tectal and tecto-isthmic projections were identical in the developmentally enucleated animals and in normal frogs, even though eye removal severely reduced the volume of the optic tecta and the isthmi nuclei. Thus our analyses indicate that retinal contacts do not play an active role in the development of the positional or polarity cues that are involved in "mapping" projections between central visual nuclei. These results are discussed in the context of peripheral specification of central connections and in terms of models that have recently been proposed to explain the development of the retinotectal system. PMID- 6970760 TI - Antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Anti-Ro(SSA) and anti-La(SSB) antibodies. AB - Anti-Ro(SSA) and anti-La(SSB) antibodies are found in approximately 25% of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. These antibodies are also detected in lupus patients who fail to demonstrate a significant antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer when mouse liver is employed as the substrate. Approximately 5% to 10% of systemic lupus patients are in this category. These ANA-negative, Ro(SSA) positive lupus patients generally demonstrate a prominent widespread photosensitive dermatitis and are frequently initially seen and evaluated by a dermatologist. PMID- 6970761 TI - Results of immunologic testing in patients with erythema multiforme. AB - Thirteen patients with oral erythema multiforme were assessed immunologically by skin testing and in vitro tests (lymphocyte transformation and rosettes). The results suggested a possible defect in cell-mediated immunity for most patients in this group. PMID- 6970762 TI - Intraocular complications. PMID- 6970763 TI - Immunotherapy with short ragweed fraction A:D-glutamic acid:D-lysine polymer in ragweed hay fever. AB - We report the first human trial of immunotherapy employing the nonimmunogenic carrier, D-glutamic acid:D-lysine linked to short ragweed (SRW) fraction A (fraction A:D-GL). Twelve SRW-sensitive patients with no immunotherapy during the previous 19 yr received a 2-mo (7/79 to 9/79) course of fraction A:D-GL (average dose 49.5 mg, range 21 to 78 mg). We compared their symptom scores and serologic changes with two control groups of SRW-sensitive patients. Patients receiving fraction A:D-GL demonstrated at least a tenfold decrease in skin-test sensitivity to SRW and had statistically lower mean seasonal symptom scores (p less than 0.02) than untreated controls. Mean seasonal symptom scored did not differ statistically from those of control patients on year 4 of immunotherapy. In contrast to the expected suppression of IgE, we found that fraction A:D-GL stimulated both IgE and IgG responses to SRW and SRW-antigen E. These increases in IgE and IgG antibodies were significantly greater than in the control groups and appeared to be due largely to injection of fraction A:D-GL. Though fraction A:D-GL was generally well tolerated, we noted mild generalized urticaria in three patients, and large local reactions in five others. The difference between our results and the earlier results in mice may reside in the particular characteristics of this preparation of fraction A:D-GL. PMID- 6970764 TI - [Surgical treatment of ectopic lentis (a report of 113 cases) (author's transl)]. AB - The analysis of the results of surgical treatment of ectopia lentis by different technics used since twenty years on 113 cases demonstrates that: --In spite of satisfactory results obtained by discission alone of the lens when surgical possibilities were limited, this method must now be given up.--Intra-capsular extraction is still valuable when the lens is luxated in the anterior chamber or cataracted.--Extra-capsular extraction remains nowadays the best technic:--by classical discission aspiration associated to an anterior vitrectomy in case of rupture of the hyaloid, when the lens is moderately subluxated;--by means of the vitreotome through the pars plana when the lens is totally luxated. PMID- 6970765 TI - Antigen-initiated B lymphocyte differentiation. XVIII. Pre-progenitor B cells that give primary adoptive responses are s-IgM+IgD-Ia+. PMID- 6970766 TI - Interleukin-2 induction of hapten-specific cytolytic T cells in nude mice. AB - In light of i) increasing evidence that the thymus guides the development and antigen recognition repertoire of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and ii) the capacity of purified interleukin 2 (IL-2) to allow for the in vitro generation of CTL from nude mice, we investigated the ability of IL-2 to influence the in vitro generation of hapten-specific cytotoxicity from nude mouse spleen cell cultures. We found that stimulation of nude mouse splenocytes with trinitrophenol (TNP) derivatized autologous or allogeneic spleen cells in the presence of IL-2 generated hapten-specific CTL. EFfector cells harvested from IL-2-supplemented cultures killed only TNP-derivatized target cells; however, the cytotoxicity observed was not restricted to a particular target histocompatibility type. This study confirms our previous observations that IL-2 has the capacity to induce growth of CTL from pre-T cell populations in the total absence of thymic influence. However, it is clear that the generation of H-2 restricted killing (recognition and lysis of cells bearing antigen presented solely in association with "self" H-2) probably requires further processing of pre-killer T cell populations by a thymus-derived differentiation signal. In addition, these studies provide further evidence that a major role of the thymus, in addition to programming effector T cell antigen recognition repertoire, may be its function to provide essential differentiation of the IL-2 producer T cell. PMID- 6970767 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against alloantigens exhibit preferential effector cell activity for H-2K or H-2D region products similar to that for H-2 restricted responses. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the patterns of allogeneic cytotoxic T cell responses against H-2K and H-2D region products. B10.D2 anti B10.A(2R) effector cells lysed K-end matched target cells approximately 5 times more efficiently than D-end matched target cells. In contrast, C57BL/10 anti B10.A effector cells killed K-end or D-end matched target cells equally well, whereas C57BL/10 anti-B10.D2 CTL exhibited a slight preference for D-end matched target cells. These results demonstrate that whole H-2 disparate stimulating populations do not necessarily induce equivalent h-2K and H-2D region-specific CTL responses. The strength of the cytotoxic responses was found to correlate with the number of known serologically detectable specificities shared between the stimulating and target cell populations. The similarities between these allogeneic and MHC-restricted CTL response patterns (which are under Ir-like control) raise the possibility that this regulation reflects the number of K or D region self-antigens that can be recognized in association with a foreign antigenic determinant and suggests that allogeneic responses to major histocompatibility antigens are also self-restricted by MHC gene products. The possibility is considered that such Ir-like control is also a reflection of the amounts of H-2K and H-2D products shed from the cell surface. PMID- 6970769 TI - Properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate-denatured Interleukin 2. AB - Murine Interleukin 2 (IL2) was denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with or without concomitant reduction of disulfide bonds. Between 50 and 100% of the activity was recovered upon removal of SDS. When SDS-denatured IL2 was chromatographed on a calibrated gel filtration column in the presence of SDS, it eluted with proteins of m.w. 16,000. This value is supported by sedimentation velocity studies in SDS-containing glycerol gradients. Three activities previously associated with IL2, namely the obligatory role in thymocyte mitogenesis, helper activity in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and T cell growth factor activity, co-purified after SDS denaturation. These results indicate that the essential component of murine IL2 is a peptide of m.w. about 16,000. The 3 species of Interleukin 2 studied so far--rat, human, and murine- thus can all exist as polypeptide chains of 15,000 to 16,000 m.w. The murine factor is normally isolated as a larger entity, of about twice this m.w. PMID- 6970768 TI - Specific adoptive therapy of established leukemia with syngeneic lymphocytes sequentially immunized in vivo and in vitro and nonspecifically expanded by culture with Interleukin 2. PMID- 6970770 TI - Studies on the bioperiodicity of the immune response. I. Circadian rhythms of human T, B, and K cell traffic in the peripheral blood. PMID- 6970771 TI - Studies of the bioperiodicity of the immune response. II. Co-variations of murine T and B cells and a role of corticosteroid. PMID- 6970772 TI - Human lymphocyte markers defined by antibodies derived from somatic cell hybrids. IV. A monoclonal antibody reacting specifically with a subpopulation of human B lymphocytes. AB - The technique of somatic cell hybridization has been used to produce a monoclonal antibody (designated FMC7) against the human B lymphoblastoid cell line HRIK. By indirect immunofluorescence FMC7 reacted with a total of 3 out of 10 B cell lines, but failed to bind T and Null cell lines. On normal peripheral blood, FMC7 bound between 3 and 6% of mononuclear cells. When normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells were fractionated, FMC7 reacted with only the B-enriched fraction, staining some but not all cells expressing SMIg. Double marker analysis indicated that the antigen detected by FMC7 is not identical with any of the conventional B cell markers, including surface membrane IgM, C3 receptors, Fc receptors, and the binding site for mouse erythrocytes. Another monoclonal antibody, FMC1, which reacts specifically with B lymphocytes, binds a separate antigenic determinant. Thus, FMC7 appears to recognize a previously undetected marker present specifically on a subpopulation of human B lymphocytes. FMC7 reacts with some but not all B cell leukemias and may have diagnostic applications in leukemia. PMID- 6970773 TI - Single or multicellular origin of human T lymphocyte colonies in vitro: modification by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). AB - The assumption that human T lymphocyte colonies have a unicellular origin has been directly tested with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 2 women heterozygous for the common X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) gene (GdB) and the variant GdA. T cells were cultured in semisolid medium in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and T lymphocyte growth factor with or without preincubation in suspension culture with PHA (2-stage and 1-stage assays, respectively). The enzyme type of individual T cell colonies was then determined electrophoretically at the lowest colony density with adequate growth (usually less than 100 colonies/dish). In the 2-stage system, 90 of 97 tested colonies had equal amounts of A and B enzyme activities suggesting multicellular origin of the colonies. Similarly, in the single-stage system, 21 of 31 colonies had both A and B enzymes. Increasing the density of the soft agar did not influence the frequency of A/B colonies. However, when 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a promoter of T cell colony growth shown in other systems to inhibit metabolic cooperation, was added, a striking decrease in frequency of colonies with both G-6-PD types was found. In the 2-stage culture, 0 of 9 colonies had a double-enzyme type and in the single-stage system, the frequency of A/B colonies declined to 9 of 34 (p less than 0.025). The data suggest that despite the apparent multicellular origin of T cell colonies in cultures with TPA, most colonies do originate from single cells when cultured with TPA at low colony densities. Stimulation of cell growth or inhibition of metabolic cooperation between cells by TPA are possible explanations for these differences. PMID- 6970774 TI - A monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) reactive with activated and functionally mature human T cells. I. Production of anti-Tac monoclonal antibody and distribution of Tac (+) cells. PMID- 6970775 TI - Alloreactive cloned T cell lines. III. Accessory cell requirements for the growth of cloned cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - We examined the role of accessory cells that cooperated with the cloned cytolytic T cell line, L3. Accessory cells and T cell growth factors (TCGF) acted synergistically to stimulate cloned L3 CTL to grow and produce cytolytic activity. Accessory cells were non-T, radioresistant, plastic adherent M phi-like cells that interacted with cloned L3 CTL via soluble factors. Peritoneal M phi, at low density, also cooperated with L3 cells but at high density, inhibited L3 cells. Both accessory and inhibitory M phi acted upon L3 CTL without the intervention of other T lymphocytes or nonadherent cells. Other published reports indicate that M phi may promote cytolytic activity indirectly, amplifying TCGF production by helper T lymphocytes. This report indicates that M phi may also promote cytolytic activity directly, amplifying the response of CTL to TCGF. PMID- 6970776 TI - T lymphocytes that contribute to the immunoregulation of granuloma formation in chronic murine schistosomiasis. AB - Immunoregulation of Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced granuloma formation in the mouse occurs as chronic infection is being established. Three different modes of manipulation that are known to affect immuno-regulatory T lymphocytes were applied to this model. Adult thymectomy (AdTx) of CBA/J mice, 6 wk after infection, did not affect the size of their granulomas at 8 or 12 wk after infection. However, by 15 wk after infection, sham-treated mice exhibited continued development of modulation of their granulomas, whereas AdTx mice did not. Hemagglutinating antibody titers against soluble egg antigen preparation were marginally elevated in the AdTx group. Adoptive transfer of the suppressor effect of chronic spleen cells was ablated by AdTx. In vivo administration of 1 ml of rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum (RAMTS) over a 3-day period to chronically infected mice resulted in a minimal increase in granuloma formation. This treatment was seen, however, to be efficacious in eliminating the suppression normally associated with adoptive transfer of chronic spleen cells. Hydrocortisone acetate (HyC) treatment of chronically infected mice (5.0 to 7.5 mg per mouse over 3 to 5 days) significantly decreased the size of their granulomas. This diminution may be due to the eosinophil-depleting activity of HyC. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that the granuloma suppressor mechanism was HyC-sensitive. A continuing supply of newly developed T lymphocytes appears to be required for the establishment and maintenance of a substantial portion of this immunoregulatory process in chronic infection. PMID- 6970777 TI - T cell recognition of Moloney sarcoma virus proteins during tumor regression. I. Lack of a requirement for macrophages and the role of blastogenic factors in T cell proliferation. AB - The characteristics of the T cell blastogenic response of lymphocytes from Moloney leukemia/sarcoma virus inoculated mice against the virion proteins gp71 and p12 were examined. The proliferative responses to both antigens were independent of a requirement for macrophages as determined by macrophage depletion experiments, the lack of an effect of antisera against Ia on proliferation and by analysis of the number of cell interactions required for proliferation. The kinetics of antigen-lymphocyte interaction were examined and found to require only 4 to 6 hr for half-maximal activation. Proliferation in response to gp71 or p12 was found to be due to the production of blastogenic factor(s), and using additivity experiments, little if any proliferation appears to be associated with antigen-specific lymphocytes. The production of blastogenic factor(s) does not require proliferation and is temporally displaced from antigen lymphocyte interaction by 8 to 10 hr. PMID- 6970778 TI - Elicitation of anti-H-2 cytotoxic T lymphocytes with antigen-modified H-2 negative stimulator cells. AB - By a newly developed technique, we have modified H-2k-negative cells in such a way as to render them capable of elicitation of anti-H-2 CTL. Purified H-2Kk and/or partially purified Iak glycoproteins were incorporated into lipid vesicles that contained the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein and the fusion (F) glycoprotein of Sendai virus. These lipid vesicles were incubated with H-2 negative tumor cells (R1-) in a manner that resulted in rendering these cells capable of eliciting anti-H-2Kk CTL. The presence of Iak on the surface of the modified stimulator cell had a significant effect on the proportion of anti-H-2Kk CTL possessing a particular Lyt phenotype. Primary effector cells elicited by an H-2Kk-Iak difference were primarily Lyt 1-, 2+, whereas primary anti-H-2Kk CTL elicited by an H-2Kk difference alone were predominantly Lyt 1+, 2+. PMID- 6970779 TI - EAE in rat bone marrow chimeras: analysis of the cellular mechanism of BN resistance. AB - Unlike Lewis strain, BN rats do not develop EAE when given 10 microgram GPBP + CFA. Their resistance is mediated via the MHC-linked gene Ir-EAE-. The cellular mechanism of BN resistance can be probed using bone marrow chimeras between susceptible LBNF1 strain and BN. F1 leads to BN chimeras can develop EAE when actively sensitized with GPBP + CFA, but are markedly more resistant than F1 leads to F1. By contrast, F1 leads to BN chimeras are highly susceptible to passively transferred EAE from an F1 donor. F1 rats reconstituted with BN bone marrow, i.e., BN leads to F1 chimeras, are completely resistant to EAE induced by active sensitization, but they too are susceptible to passively transferred EAE. We argue that Ir-EAE- blocks the development of T cells reactive to self myelin, and that this occurs at the level of macrophage presentation of antigen to the T cell. Suppressor mechanisms do not appear to play a major role. PMID- 6970780 TI - Inhibition of human natural cytotoxicity by macromolecular antiproteases. AB - Human natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity is inhibited by macromolecular protease inhibitors. Human plasma alpha 1 antiproteases are more effective than the plant antiproteases lima bean trypsin inhibitor and soybean trypsin inhibitor for reduction of cytotoxicity to the "slow" targets T24 human bladder carcinoma and NKI-1 melanoma. This inhibition of natural cytotoxicity is more readily demonstrable in serum-free medium containing crystalline bovine serum albumin than in medium containing fetal calf serum. Although electrophoretically homogeneous plasma alpha 1 antitrypsin inhibits natural cytotoxicity, partially purified alpha 1 antitrypsin preparations that contain several apha 1 proteins are more inhibitory at equivalent trypsin inhibitory capacities. Partially purified alpha 1 antichymotrypsin with no antitrypsin activity is an extremely potent inhibitor. Thus, it seems likely that several of the plasma antiproteases, including alpha 1 antitrypsin and alpha 1 antichymotrypsin, are capable of influencing natural cytotoxicity. These data indicate that serine-dependent proteases hae a critical role in triggering and/or effecting cell-mediated cytolysis. Furthermore, since alpha 1 antichymotrypsin and alpha 1 antitrypsin are acute phase proteins, the increase in plasma concentration or turnover rates of the proteins could influence natural killer cell activity in vivo. PMID- 6970781 TI - Distribution of t lymphocyte subsets in the human bone marrow and thymus: an analysis with monoclonal antibodies. AB - A panel of reagents (OKT1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 11) detects differentiation antigens expressed exclusively on HuTLA+ T lymphoid cells but absent on bone marrow precursors, such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- (TdT) positive cells, immature myeloblasts, and other myeloid/erythroid cell types. In the bone marrow no transitional forms could be detected between TdT+ and T cells. The BM T cells showed mostly the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (OKT8+) with only a few T cells of inducer type (OKT4+). Thymocyte heterogeneity was also analyzed directly in tissue sections and in double labeling assays in combination with TdT staining, a marker for cortical thymocytes. Many large thymic blasts (in fetal and infant thymus) showed reactivity with OKT11--a pan-T reagent, but had only weak or negligible activity with the other antibodies. Cortical thymocytes reacted strongly with OKT11, 6, 4, and 8, whereas medullary cells reacted with OKT11, 3, 4 (majority) and 8 (minority). Thus, the reactivity with these antibodies is generated in the thymus at various stages of differentiation. In contrast, OKT10 (an anti-"precursor cell" reagent) reacted not only with thymocytes but also with TdT+ BM precursors, myeloblasts, and BM B lymphocytes although it was unreactive with mature peripheral lymphoid and maturing myelo/erythroid cells. PMID- 6970783 TI - Cation complexed DNA. A novel class of immunoadsorbents for anti-DNA antibodies. AB - DNA can be precipitated as complexes with metal and organic cations. We have prepared these products using divalent metal cations (Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Co2+) and ditetrazolium ions (blue tetrazolium and neotetrazolium). They are effective adsorbents, in vitro, for anti-nDNA antibodies and in reducing the titer of antinuclear antibodies in the sera from patients with autoimmune disease. They selectively adsorb most of the antinuclear components from a mixture of antimitochondrial and antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 6970782 TI - Glucocorticoid receptor content of T lymphocytes: evidence for heterogeneity. AB - Glucocorticoid receptors were measured in T lymphocytes that were isolated from peripheral blood by either nylon wool filtration or E-rosette sedimentation. T cells isolated by nylon wool filtration specifically bind 6.7 +/- 0.2 fmol of dexamethasone per million cells (equivalent to 4000 +/- 200 receptors per cell), whereas T cells isolated by E-rosette sedimentation bind 12.0 +/- 0.7 fmol of dexamethasone per million cells (equivalent to 7200 +/- 400 receptors per cell). This difference in the amount of dexamethasone bound by the two T cell preparations was significant (p less than .001) and was present immediately after cell isolation. The binding affinities of the different T cell preparations for dexamethasone were similar. T cells that are isolated by a combination of nylon wool filtration followed by E-rosette sedimentation bind the same amount of dexamethasone as T cells isolated by nylon wool filtration alone. T cells isolated by a combination of E-rosette sedimentation following by nylon wool filtration bind less dexamethasone than do T cells isolated by E-rosette sedimentation alone. These findings suggest that T cells are heterogeneous with respect to their quantity of glucocorticoid receptors. Isolation of T cells by E rosette sedimentation enriches for T cells that have a greater number of glucocorticoid receptors, and isolation of T cells by nylon wool filtration enriches for T cells that have a lesser number of glucocorticoid receptors. PMID- 6970784 TI - An assay for virus-specific help for B cells. AB - Spleen cells from mice immunized with vaccinia or influenza viruses were mixed with spleen cells from mice immunized by dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) and transferred into irradiated syngeneic recipient mice which were subsequently restimulated with trinitrophyenylates (TNP) or unmodified viruses. One week later, spleens were removed and assayed for indirect anti-DNP plaque forming cells (PFC). When spleen cells from both influenza and vaccinia primed mice were restimulated with the haptenated form of the virus used for the initial immunization there was an enhanced PFC response compared to that seen with spleen cells from unprimed mice. PMID- 6970785 TI - Identification of the corticosteroid-sensitive cells in antibody responses in mice. AB - To elucidate the cellular basis of corticosteroid-induced suppression of antibody response, the immune responses of hydrocortisone-pretreated mice against various antigens, both thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens, were compared with those of normal mice. The in vitro antibody responses to some antigens were also studied by a combination of lymphocyte subpopulations and macrophages from normal and hydrocortisone-treated mouse spleen. It was shown that the antibody responses to all antigens tested were significantly reduced by hydrocortisone. Experimental results in vitro also suggested that the susceptibility of splenic B cells to hydrocortisone treatment was higher than that of T cells, although the helper T cell function was significantly suppressed by hydrocortisone. No impairment of macrophage functions by hydrocortisone was observed in our experiments. PMID- 6970786 TI - Immunomodulating and antimetastatic activity of 3-(p-chlorophenyl) thiazolo[3,2 a]benzimidazole-2-acetic acid (Wy-18,251, NSC 310633). AB - The antimetastatic activity of a thiazolobenzimidazole, Wy-18,251 was investigated using various dosage regimens in mice with implanted Lewis lung tumors. The low doses, 1 and 5 mg/kg (i.p.) given 24 hours after implantation with two subsequent doses at 1 week intervals were most effective in reducing lung metastases. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs were significantly increased by oral doses of 50 and 150 mg/kg. In normal rats, peripheral blood lymphocytes determined by rosette assay, were significantly increased by oral doses of 50 to 150 mg/kg of Wy-18,251 and in a more sensitive assay using anti-theta serum the lymphocyte levels were increased by doses of 7.5 and 10 mg/kg. When cultured T lymphocytes from CBA/J mouse spleens were incubated with a suboptimal concentration of Concanavalin A, [3H]thymidine uptake was significantly increased in the presence of 0.05 to 1.0 microgram per culture. These results suggest that Wy-18,251 may have potential therapeutic value as an antimetastatic agent through its stimulation of the cellular immune system. PMID- 6970787 TI - [Epidemiological, clinical and non-surgical therapeutic studies on the bleeding of total gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970789 TI - [A case of colony stimulating factor (CSF) producing lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970788 TI - [A case of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency with bone anomalies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970790 TI - High-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue for patients with refractory lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 6970791 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6970792 TI - Effects of epidermal growth factor on hair growth in the mouse. AB - The growth of the first hair coat in male mice was studied during administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Injections of 1 or 4 micrograms EGF/g body weight for 14 consecutive days from birth resulted in the development of curved overhairs (monotrichs), caused a retardation in rate of growth in length of hair and a reduction in hair diameter and length of follicle bulb. Growth rate partially recovered after cessation of EGF treatment. However, some of the effects produced by injections of EGF during the formation of the first coat were detected in the second and third generations of hair. Since EGF also retarded rate of body growth, we compared the effect of EGF on hair growth with that of restricting food intake in neonatal mice during the development of the first coat. Hair growth was slowed in underfed animals but the effects were less marked than those found in EGF-treated mice of similar body weights. PMID- 6970793 TI - Radial forces within muscle fibers in rigor. AB - Considering the widely accepted cross-bridge model of muscle contraction (Huxley. 1969. Science [Wash. D. C.]. 164:1356-1366), one would expect that attachment of angled cross-bridges would give rise to radial as well as longitudinal forces in the muscle fiber. These forces would tend, in most instances, to draw the myofilaments together and to cause the fiber to decrease in width. Using optical techniques, we have observed significant changes in the width of mechanically skinned frog muscle fibers when the fibers are put into rigor by deleting ATP from the bathing medium. Using a high molecular weight polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-40; number average mol. wt. (Mn) = 40,000) in the bathing solution, we were able to estimate the magnitude of the radial forces by shrinking the relaxed fiber to the width observed with rigor induction. With rigor, fiber widths decreased up to approximately 10%, with shrinking being greater at shorter sarcomere spacing and at lower PVP concentrations. At higher PVP concentrations, some fibers actually swelled slightly. Radial pressures seen with rigor in 2 and 4% PVP ranged up to 8.9 x 10(3) N/m2. Upon rigor induction, fibers exerted a longitudinal force of approximately 1 x 10(5) N/m2 that was inhibited by high PVP concentrations (greater than or equal to 13%). In very high PVP concentrations (greater than or equal to 20%), fibers exerted an anomalous force, independent of ATP, which ranged up to 6 x 10(4) N/m2 at 60% PVP. Assuming that all the radial force is the result of cross-bridge attachment, we calculated that rigor cross-bridges exert a radial force of 0.2 x 1.2 x 10(-9) N per thick filament in sarcomeres near rest length. This force is of roughly the same order of magnitude as the longitudinal force per thick filament in rigor contraction or in maximal (calcium-activated) contraction of skinned fibers in ATP-containing solutions. Inasmuch as widths of fibers stretched well beyond overlap of thick and thin filaments decreased with rigor, other radially directed forces may be operating in parallel with cross-bridge forces. PMID- 6970795 TI - Techniques for precise recording of gray-scale images from computerized scintigraphic displays. AB - Accurate, reproducible recording of gray-scale images from a computer requires careful calibration and control of the factors that affect photographic exposure. These include exposure time, CRT brightness and contrast, film type, and photographic processing. A method is described for calibrating the imaging system; it accounts for nonlinear CRT phosphor and film response and permits the recording of any desired gray scale. The key to this technique is a graphical method for correlating the measured film response with the desired gray scale in order to develop a translation table that will in turn produce the desired gray scale on film. The technique is applicable to any computerized nuclear medicine display system. PMID- 6970794 TI - Contralateral ventricular dilatation in supratentorial tumors. AB - The computerized tomographic (CT) scans of 411 patients with supratentorial lateralized tumors were compared with an assessment of their clinical condition. More than one-third of these patients showed dilatation of the contralateral lateral ventricle, which was associated with a lower level of consciousness. PMID- 6970796 TI - Calculation of viable and infarcted myocardial mass from thallium-201 tomograms. AB - The feasibility of determining the mass of both viable and infarcted myocardium from tomographic images of thallium-201 distribution in the heart was studied in two normal dogs and ten dogs with acute infarction. Twenty-four hours after occlusion, thallium-201 was injected and 10 min later the hearts were removed and transaxial emission computed tomograms were obtained. Using the computer, an operator defined the epi- and endocardial surfaces of the left ventricle and the area of infarction in each tomogram. The computer then calculated values for total left-ventricular mass (TLVM) infarcted mass (IM) and the percentage of the left ventricle infarcted (% LVI). The calculated values were compared with measured weights, and good correlation was found between them: for TLVM, r = 0.87; for IM, r = 0.90; and for %LVI, r = 0.87. Good interobserver and intra observer correlations were also found. Thallium-201 emission computed tomography offers a potential means to measure both myocardial mass and acute myocardial injury. PMID- 6970797 TI - Impaired salivary gland secretory function following the induction of rapid, synchronous vitamin A deficiency in rats. AB - Rapid and essentially synchronous vitamin A deficiency was induced by the withdrawal of retinoic acid from stringently deficient animals reared by feeding early weight plateau vitamin A-deprived male rats diets first supplemented with and then lacking in 2 micrograms retinoic acid/g diet in repeating 18:10 day cycles. Secondary inanition was minimized by the control led force-feeding of deficient and control animals. The time to inset of pilocarpine (3 mg/kg body weight) induced salivation increased progressively starting 6-8 days after retionate withdrawal. Concomitantly, saliva volumes in the 20 minutes following the onset of salivation decreased. Protein and alpha-amylase concentrations were constant until around days 10-12 (T10-12) of deficiency but then decreased. Synthesis of proteins was normal, however as judged by total parotid gland alpha amylase activity (T14). Seemingly, vitamin A deficiency may directly affect cells involved in saliva secretion, since decreased secretory function was noted several days prior to keratinization and blockage of the striated and excretory ducts. PMID- 6970798 TI - Gingival bleeding as a presenting symptom in Von-Willebrands' disease--review of literature and report of cases. PMID- 6970799 TI - Location of the gene for 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - HLA typing of 33 families with one or more children suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia confirmed that the gene for 21-hydroxylase deficiency is closely associated with the HLA region. Analysis of two families in which recombination of chromosome 6 had occurred indicated that the gene locus is between the A and D loci of the HLA region. The rare allele Bw47 was observed in 18 parents and was always associated with the carrier state for 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 6970800 TI - Modulation of immunoglobulin M and G synthesis by monocytes and T lymphocytes in the newborn infant. AB - The role of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and monocytes in modulating Ig synthesis by B lymphocytes stimulated to become Ig-secreting plasma cells by pokeweed mitogen was studied using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of IgM and IgG in healthy newborn infants and in adult controls. Neonates' B lymphocytes alone synthesized 20 to 30 times less Ig than adults' cells. Increasing proportions of autologous adults' T lymphocytes relative to B lymphocytes initially enhanced and then suppressed Ig synthesis, whereas autologous infants' T lymphocytes had no significant effect. Neonates' T lymphocytes cultured with adults' B lymphocytes enhanced and suppressed Ig synthesis comparably to adults' T lymphocytes, but neonates' B lymphocytes responded poorly to the helper effect of adults' T lymphocytes. Adults' monocytes diminished the helper and increased the suppressor effect of adults' and infants' T lymphocytes on adults' B lymphocytes, whereas neonates' monocytes cultured with neonates' T lymphocytes suppressed synthesis of IgG by neonates' B lymphocytes but had no effect on IgM. The findings suggest that the low serum Ig levels of the newborn period result primarily from immaturity of B lymphocytes rather than from T lymphocyte suppression of Ig synthesis. The normal sequential development of IgM followed by IgG may be a result of gradually increasing responsiveness by neonates' B lymphocytes to the helper effects of newborn T cells. Synthesis of IgG in the newborn infant also appears to be modestly suppressed by T lymphocytes and monocytes, which may contribute to the predominance of serum IgM. PMID- 6970801 TI - Umbilical hernia: what happens after age 5 years? PMID- 6970802 TI - Etiology of acute conjunctivitis in children. AB - To determine the etiology of acute conjunctivitis in children seen in pediatric practice, 99 patients with conjunctivitis and 102 age-and season-matched controls were cultured for aerobic bacteria including Haemophilus influenzae, and for viruses, Chlamydia trachomatis, and mycoplasmas. Agents statistically associated with conjunctivitis included H. influenzae (42% vs 0%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (12% vs 3%), and adenoviruses (20% vs 0%). One of these three etiologic agents was isolated from 71 (72%) of the patients. Simultaneous infection with two pathogens was uncommon. Staphylococcus aureus was equally prevalent in diseased and control eyes; one strain of C. trachomatis was isolated from a control eye. Although there were variations in the clinical features of viral and bacterial conjunctivitis, differentiation in an individual patient was difficult. An adenovirus was isolated from 11 (65%) of 17 patients who had pharyngitis in addition to conjunctivitis. H. influenzae was isolated from 14 (74%) of 19 children who had both otitis and conjunctivitis. Adenovirus conjunctivitis was common in the fall and H. influenzae in winter. PMID- 6970803 TI - Bacteriology of acute otitis media unresponsive to initial antimicrobial therapy. AB - To determine the microbiology of acute otitis media unresponsive to initial antimicrobial therapy, we performed tympanocentesis on 43 children. All had failed to improve after at least 36 hours of therapy. Initial therapy was ampicillin or amoxicillin (31), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (5), erythromycin and sulfisoxazole (5), erythromycin (1), and ampicillin and gentamicin (1). Among these children, 19% had isolates from middle ear fluid resistant to initial therapy. Bacteria sensitive to initial therapy were isolated from ten children (24%). The majority of children (57%) had bacteriologically negative middle ear fluid. Resistant isolates from children initially treated with ampicillin or amoxicillin were sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or to erythromycin and sulfisoxazole, and vice versa. Critically ill children should have tympanocentesis to guide therapy; other children who fail to respond to antimicrobial therapy may receive alternative therapy as indicated by the results of this study. PMID- 6970806 TI - Effects of various therapeutic agents on leukocytes in vivo and in vitro: competition between the cytotoxic drugs and colony stimulating factors (CSF) in the action on the proliferation of myeloid stem cells (CFU-C). AB - The effect of a single or repeated intraperitoneal injection(s) of various therapeutic agents on peripheral leukocyte count in mice was studied. The results revealed a great deal of initial variation of leukocyte number in the animals and also variants in the capability of the animals to restore the decreased leukocyte level. On the other hand, a simple reproducible and highly sensitive method for the evaluation of the toxic effect of the chemicals on leukopoiesis has been provided by culturing mouse bone marrow cells in a semi-solid agar medium in the presence of purified colony stimulating factor (CSF). There was three groups of chemicals in regard to the effect on the proliferation of the myeloid cells (CFU C) in culture: (1) Anti-cancer drugs such as mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil were inhibitory to CFU-C at 10(-8) - 10(-7)M. (2) Many drugs such as erythromycin, cephalosporin etc. showed apparent toxicity in 10(-5) - 10(-4)M. (3) Drugs like penicillin, streptomycin, cysteine etc. showed no significant toxicity at concentrations higher than 10(-4)M. It was noted that the inhibition of CFU-C proliferation either by mitomycin C (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) or by erythromycin(an inhibitor of protein synthesis) occurred in a manner competitive to the added CSF activity. The results suggest that CSF is capable of specifically protecting the myeloid stem cells from the toxic action of the chemicals. PMID- 6970804 TI - Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus with negative antinuclear antibody test. PMID- 6970808 TI - Inheritance of acetylator phenotype in mice. AB - The inheritance of two acetylator traits in a new mouse model of the human isoniazid acetylator polymorphism has been characterized. A/J mice have little or no blood p-aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase activity and can excrete a low ratio of acetylsulfamethazine to sulfamethazine in urine. C57BL/6J mice have considerable blood p-aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase activity and can excrete a high ratio of acetylsulfamethazine to sulfamethazine in urine. The expression of the blood p-aminobenzoic acid acetylation trait in F1, F2 and backcross progeny from A/J and C57BL/6J matings is consistent with simple Mendelian inheritance of two codominant alleles. Inheritance of in vivo acetylation rate, as measured by urinary ratio of acetylsulfamethazine to sulfamethazine, is independent of the blood acetylator polymorphism and is probably governed by simple Mendelian inheritance with incomplete dominance of low urinary ratio over high. Incomplete dominance appears to be limited to animals bearing one or two genes for rapid acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid by blood hemolysates. PMID- 6970805 TI - Plasma ketones in newborn infants: absence of suckling ketosis. PMID- 6970807 TI - Pharmacological analysis of the mechanism of action of phenthiazamine, a piscine anesthetic. AB - Phenthiazamine was developed by Sekizawa et al. as a centrally acting anesthetic for fish. Frog sympathetic ganglion was used as a model to elucidate the mechanism of its anesthetic action. The positive ganglionic potential was enhanced immediately after application; then, the potential and the late negative ganglionic potential were markedly reduced by an anesthetic concentration of this compound. The hyperpolarization caused by 1 mM dopamine was enhanced by phenthiazamine. This enhancement of dopamine hyperpolarization and of the positive ganglionic potential may coincide with the fact that cyclic adenosine monophosphoric acid (cAMP) phosphodiesterase was inhibited by the compound as shown in our previous paper. Guinea-pig ileum contraction elicited by electrical field stimulation and by dimethyl-phenyl-piperadinium (DMPP) was reduced by a similar concentration of this compound, while the contraction elicited by acetylcholine and methacholine was not inhibited. The inhibition of contraction elicited by electrical field stimulation and DMPP may thus due to inhibition of acetylcholine release by this compound. The inhibition of ileum contraction by this compound was reversed by higher doses of Ca2+ (5.5 mM). The time required to reduce the positive ganglionic potential in the sympathetic ganglion by phenthiazamine was prolonged in the presence of higher concentrations of Ca2+. The Ca2+-dependent action potential of guinea-pig ureter was reduced by this compound, whereas it did not affect the Na+-dependent action potential. PMID- 6970809 TI - Antinuclear antibodies related to acetylator phenotype in mice. AB - A/J mice are proposed as a model of the human lupus diathesis since we previously determined that they express a slow acetyltor phenotype while others showed them to have a predisposition to develop spontaneous and drug-induced antinuclear antibodies. A/J mice were mated with C57BL/6J mice, a rapid acetylator phenotype which is relatively resistant to spontaneous and drug-induced antinuclear antibodies, to assess the importance of slow acetylator status as a component of the lupus diathesis. Procainamide, a potent inducer of antinuclear antibodies, was acetylated to a lesser degree by A/J mice than by C57BL/6J mice. This difference, detectable by in vitro assay but not by urinary levels of acetylated drug, represents a genetic polymorphism which can be detected in F2 and backcross progency of these two strains. We confirmed that A/J mice have a higher incidence of spontaneous antinuclear antibodies than C57BL/6J mice and that in A/J mice these antibodies can be induced by oral procainamide (6 g/l of drinking water for 37 weeks); procainamide tended to suppress antinuclear antibody formation in C57BL/6J mice, however. Rapid and slow acetylators among F2 and backcross populations were identified by a test for N-acetyltransferase activity in blood hemolysates. These two groups together with their respective rapid and slow acetylator parents were compared in respect to incidence of antinuclear antibodies. Slow acetylator phenotypes among F2 and backcross mice were predisposed to high titers of antinuclear antibodies like the slow acetyltor A/J strain. However, long-term exposure to procainamide suppressed antinuclear antibody formation as was found in the rapid acetylator C57BL/6J strain. Thus, the ability to N-acetylate procainamide is not the sole factor controlling the ability of this drug to induce antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 6970811 TI - [Urinary tract obstruction and histiocytosis X : a report on 3 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of histiocytosis X are reported in which urographic modifications suggested the presence of an obstruction. Similar cases do not appear to have been described in the published literature, and renal changes previously reported as occurring during histiocytosis X affections have all been based on autopsy findings. The possible role of diabetes insipidus in the dilatation of the excretory cavities is also envisaged. PMID- 6970810 TI - Maturation of central nervous system control of growth hormone secretion in rats. AB - The concentration of growth hormone (GH) in serum of neonatal rats was determined by radioimmunoassay after administration of various drugs that after serum GH in adult rats. Administration of the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan or morphine increased serum GH in pups of all ages. The 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced rise was prevented by the serotonergic antagonist cyproheptadine but not by the dopaminergic antagonist haloperidol. Pentobarbital decreased serum GH in 5-day old pups but increased GH in 15-, 20- and 35-day-old pups. Clonidine decreased serum GH in 5- and 10-day-old pups and did not increase serum GH until pups were 35 days old. Finally, significant ultradian surges of GH secretion were observed in 35-day-old animals but only slight secretory episodes occurred in 24-day-old pups. These results suggest that the serotonergic and endogenous opiate systems involved in regulation of GH secretion in rats are functional within the first postnatal week. In contrast, the extrahypothalamic mechanisms through which pentobarbital acts do not mature until 2 to 3 weeks after birth. Finally, the inability of clonidine to stimulate GH secretion and the absence of significant ultradian surges before day 35 suggest that the noradrenergic mechanism and possibly other neural systems which trigger the surges of GH secretion observed in adult rats do not mature until after puberty. PMID- 6970812 TI - Interaction of accessory cells and lymphocytes in oxidative mitogenesis: evidence for lymphocyte stimulation produced by mitogen in the absence of accessory cells. PMID- 6970814 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus. Differences between patients who do, and who do not, fulfill classification criteria at the time of diagnosis. AB - We compared 31 patients who did, and 31 patients who did not, fulfill 4 or more criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at the time of diagnosis. Twenty-one of the latter 31 patients eventually developed enough manifestations to fulfill classification criteria. Ten never did despite average follow-up of 41 months. Patients who did not fulfill criteria at the time of diagnosis frequently had more thrombocytopenia and/or hemolytic anemia and continued to have fewer manifestations during the course of their disease than those who did. Failure to include this subject of SLE in studies with series of SLE patients may give a distorted picture of the disease. PMID- 6970813 TI - Native type II collagen-induced arthritis in the rat. II. Relationship between the humoral immune response to native type II collagen and arthritis. AB - The onset of arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats occurred between 10-13 days after intradermal injection of collagen when serum IgM and IgG antibody levels to native type II collagen had reached high levels. Although arthritis could be induced in rats immunized with 25-500 microgram native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, higher serum IgM and IgG antibody levels to native type II collagen occurred in arthritic rather than non-arthritic rats irrespective of the immunizing dose of collagen. Studies in 3 different rat strains showed that higher serum antibody levels to native type II collagen were found in the strain with the highest incidence of arthritis. All these findings suggest that these antibodies are one essential for the induction and/or perpetuation of native type II collagen-induced arthritis. PMID- 6970815 TI - Predictive value of anti-DNA antibody and selected laboratory studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In a retrospective study of 71 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a large number of clinical and laboratory variables were studied in order to determine their predictive value of morbidity and mortality. Patients were followed for an average of 57 months. Anti-DNA antibody, hemoglobin and creatinine levels at initial evaluation correlated significantly (p less than 0.05) for subsequent course of SLE, although each parameter was not a good predictor for final outcome. Anti-DNA correlated better with subsequent course in patients who were diagnosed within 12 months of the initial evaluation. By comparison, other measured parameters were not predictive at all. Anti-DNA, hemoglobin, creatinine and C3 levels at the time of most recent evaluation (date last seen) correlated strongly (p less than 0.01-p less than 0.001) with concurrent clinical status. PMID- 6970817 TI - BCG'osis. PMID- 6970816 TI - Rheumatic disorders in the Swedish population and health care system. AB - Rheumatological diagnosis encountered at 3 levels of the health care system primary care, district hospital and specialized centers, were registered. The prevalence of rheumatic disorders was calculated from a population survey. Back complaints were the predominant diagnosis of primary care physicians, while inflammatory diseases were the major diagnostic group seen in specialized rheumatology centers. Among in-patients at the district hospital level, back disorders and inflammatory diseases each constituted 1/2 of cases. The utilization of primary care for patients over 65 yr of age decreased for back disorders but was higher for all other types of rheumatic disorders. Young and middle aged patients were seen more frequently by specialists than older patients. Awareness of the high frequency of noninflammatory rheumatic disorders in the population and at all levels of care is important in the planning of health services for the rheumatic disorders. PMID- 6970818 TI - Novel tetracyclic spiropiperidines. 1. 3-Aryl-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzo[c]thiophene 1,4'-piperidines] as potential antidepressants. AB - A series of 3-aryl-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzo[c]thiophene-1,4'-piperidine] derivatives was synthesized and evaluated pharmacologically for potential psychotropic activity. Potent antidepressant-like activity was noted throughout the series, as assessed by tetrabenazine (TBZ) ptosis prevention in mice and potentiation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) induced behavioral effects in rats. A possible therapeutic advantage of the title compounds appears to be the overall low anticholinergic potential in comparison with the classic tricyclic antidepressants. Several congeners with nuclear halogen substitution also exhibited CNS stimulant properties, as evidenced by their ability to induce a dopamine agonist-like stereotypy and to increase the spontaneous motor activity in mice. PMID- 6970819 TI - The participation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with Fc receptors for IgG or IgM in the fetal bovine serum induction of amplifier cell activity. AB - The culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented media results in the activation of an amplifier activity for mitogen or antigen induced proliferative responses. T cells are required for the generation of amplifier cells. In addition, this amplifier activity was shown to require a cell with Fc receptors for IgG but lacked Fc receptors for IgM. Therefore, it appears that the FBS induced amplifier cells have the same characteristics as the FBS culture induced NK-like cytotoxic and proliferating cells, i.e. these cells are of T cell origin, Fc gamma positive, and Fc mu negative. These FBS-cultured PBL may be a useful model for studying cell interactions and regulatory phenomena in human lymphoid cells. PMID- 6970821 TI - Radiologic seminar CCX: transhepatic portography with embolization of varices. PMID- 6970823 TI - Acute epiglottitis in adults. AB - Fourteen cases of adult acute epiglottitis with their clinical manifestations are presented. The history, etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of the disease are reviewed. The controversies of management are discussed and a concise management protocol is outlined. PMID- 6970820 TI - Electrophysiologic changes associated with potassium depletion of frog skin. AB - Skins from the frog Rana pipiens pipiens were studied under short-circuited conditions during the course of removing and replacing potassium in the inner bathing media in 14 experiments. The intracellular potential (Vsc), fractional resistance (FR), short-circuit current (Isc) and total tissue conductance (gr) were constantly monitored during impalements of the epithelial cells. The mean value (+/- SE) for Vsc was --79 (+/- 3) mV under baseline conditions. Removal of potassium from the inner bathing solution transiently stimulated the short circuit current and hyperpolarized the basolateral membrane; with sufficiently long incubations, the basolateral membrane was eventually depolarized. Restoration of potassium to the inner solution within 43 min after initiating the perfusion with K+-free solution depolarized the basolateral membrane. However, restoration of potassium after at least 1 1/2 hr of incubation hyperpolarized the membrane. Ouabain consistently depolarized the basolateral membrane, even after extended periods of potassium depletion as long as 320 min. In the presence of ouabain, restoration of potassium depolarized the basolateral membrane. The data provide further evidence for the concept that the Na--K exchange pump of frog skin is rheogenic. Furthermore, the results suggest that the pump continues to be active even during prolonged periods of potassium depletion, reaccumulating potassium which has leaked out of the epithelial cells. PMID- 6970822 TI - Radiologic seminar ccxi: CT in tail of pancreas pseudotumor evaluation. PMID- 6970824 TI - Endoscopic laser surgery: narrow focus but numerous targets. PMID- 6970826 TI - ["Adult T-cell leukemia"--a comment on the definition from the clinical view point (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970825 TI - [Clinical experience with 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM) in surgical field (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970827 TI - [A case of B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia with preceding leukemic infiltration to the uterus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970828 TI - [A case of erythroleukemia with marked chromosomal abnormality complicated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970829 TI - [Histopathological features of T- and B-cell lymphomas. The old terms corresponding with those of the new classification (LSG classification) for non Hodgkin's lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970830 TI - [Surface marker analysis and cytochemical profiles of malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970831 TI - [Changes of IgA in pyoderma gangrenosum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970832 TI - [Ultrastructure of cutaneous lesions in lupus erythematosus. Comparison between cutaneous type of systemic type. (3) Dermal lymphatic capillaries (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970833 TI - [Lipid peroxide in sebum--analytical methods and promoting factors on lipid peroxide formation under UVA irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970834 TI - [Electron microscopic studies on pilosebaceous apparatus. 2nd report. Comparative studies of sebaceous nevus with normal sebaceous gland, with special reference to the sebaceous lipogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970837 TI - [Chemical vitiligo caused by para-tertiary butyl phenol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970835 TI - [Studies on the distribution of radioisotope labeled halcinonide by whole body autoradiography in hairless mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970836 TI - [Immunological study in atopic dermatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970838 TI - [Autosomal recessive type 2 pseudoxanthoma elasticum (Pope) - electron microscopic observations of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970839 TI - [Effect of contact hypersensitivity on experimental carcinogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970840 TI - [Histologic examination of Trichophytin reactions in guinea pigs with experimental dermatophytosis and sensitized with mycelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970841 TI - [Acantholysis and its significance in Hailey-Hailey's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970842 TI - [An electron microscopic study on the blister lesions of herpes simplex (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970843 TI - [Lymphographic findings in SLE (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970844 TI - [The effect of vitamin D2 supplementation on hypocalcemia in patients under chronic hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970846 TI - [Limitations and the future of imaging diagnosis]. PMID- 6970845 TI - [Single photon emission CT of the myocardium with thallium-201 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970847 TI - Inhibition of benz[a]pyrene-induced mammary carcinogenesis by retinyl acetate. AB - The administration of a 250-ppm retinyl acetate dietary supplement for various periods relative to intragastric administration of 50 mg benzo[a]pyrene (BP) significantly inhibited the induction of mammary cancers in virgin female inbred LEW/Mai rats. with day of BP administration taken as time 0, groups receiving the retinoid from weeks -2 to +1, +1 to +90, +20 to +90, and -2 to +90 showed a significant reduction in tumor response as compared to controls. The inhibition of carcinogenesis achieved by a +1 to +20 administration schedule was temporary; the tumor yield was suppressed initially but returned to control levels by week 60. Autoradiographic analysis of mammary glands from 50-day-old rats indicated that a 2-week exposure to supplemental retinyl acetate significantly reduced the mammary gland parenchymal cell labeling index in ductal, alveolar, and terminal end bud structures. Beginning the retinyl acetate supplement 1 week after the administration of BP significantly reduced the number of terminal ductal hyperplasias. The inhibition of carcinogenesis achieved by a short period of retinyl acetate administration before and during the period of carcinogen availability as well as the inhibition achieved by long-term postcarcinogen retinoid exposure may involve an antiproliferative effect on the rat mammary gland. PMID- 6970848 TI - Immunologic studies of cartilage-hair hypoplasia in the Amish. AB - The immunologic status of 18 Old Order Amish persons with cartilage-hair hypoplasia and 9 unaffected sibs was studied. Although none of the subjects had a history suggestive of persistent immune dysfunction, the subjects with cartilage hair hypoplasia had significantly lower lymphocyte mitogenic and allogeneic cell stimulation responses when compared to unaffected sibs and unrelated control subjects. The abnormalities of cellular immune function found in the 18 affected subjects were similar to those reported in Finnish subjects with cartilage-hair hypoplasia. PMID- 6970850 TI - [Our therapeutic procedure in gastroduodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6970849 TI - [Antigen-binding lymphocytes in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Sensitized lymphocytes capable of fixing the cardiac antigen and its components, myoglobin and actomyosin, are detected in acute myocardial infarction. Their amount increases particularly sharply in the first 3 or 4 weeks after the infarction, which is indicative of the high activity of the cell link of the autoimmune process. PMID- 6970851 TI - [The significance of proteinase inhibitors in lacrimal fluid (author's transl)]. AB - The significance of proteinase inhibitors in lacrimal fluid is discussed. While an increase is diagnostically important, localized deficiencies may lead to serious symptoms. To our knowledge this is the first time that local antiproteinase treatment has been described. PMID- 6970852 TI - [Maplike dystrophy of the cornea (author's transl)]. AB - A report on 11 cases of maplike dystrophy of the cornea; it is characterized by the presence of fine whitish intraepithelial lines, which may easily be overlooked during biomicroscopic examination: they are most easily descernable in bright oblique illumination. Similarities with Cogan's, fingerprint, and bleblike dystrophy (Bron) are discussed, and the potential weakness of the corneal epithelium found in these patients is pointed out. PMID- 6970853 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of neuroparalytic zoster keratitis (author's transl)]. AB - In severe zoster keratitis many pathogenic factors are involved. In addition to viral manifestations, the cornea is often affected by anterior uveitis or secondary glaucoma. Neuroparalytic keratitis causes lowered blinking frequency and decreased tear secretion. In addition, zoster ulcerations of the upper lid margin mechanically disturb reformation of the tear film and weaken the lipid layer by necrosis of the Meibomian glands. Ointments reduce break-up time and parasympathicolytic mydriatics further decrease tear secretion. When the average time between two blinks is shorter than the tear film break-up time, a "dry eye" condition usually develops. The appropriate treatment in such cases is thorough prevention of evaporation. PMID- 6970855 TI - Status of circulating "T" lymphocyte population in leprosy. AB - 'T' lymphocyte population was estimated in 40 cases of various types of leprosy by E-rosette formation. The mean percentage value of T-lymphocyte was significantly low in lepromatous group as compared to tuberculoid and borderline leprosy. The mean percentage population of 'T' lymphocyte was also compared with 24 normal healthy control cases and significantly low levels were observed in all types of leprosy. The population of 'T' lymphocytes was also co-related with tuberculin tests in leprosy patients and healthy control cases. Lowest count of 'T; lymphocyte population and smallest diameter of erythema was observed in lepromatous leprosy, suggesting impaired cell mediated immunity in this group. PMID- 6970854 TI - T-cell depletion of spleen in patients with longstanding lepromatous leprosy. AB - In 8 autopsied lepromatous patients the spleen was examined histopathologically and their differential cell population was counted in subcapsular area, red pulp and white pulp. There was considerable reduction of lymphocytes and well marked increase in macrophages and plasma cells in the thymus dependent white pulp. In the subcapsular area and the red pulp, although there was an increase in plasma cells and macrophages no significant reduction of lymphocytes was recorded. Therefore, it is suggested that in lepromatous leprosy there is a selective reduction in the number of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6970856 TI - The distortion effect in student perceptions of smoking prevalence. PMID- 6970857 TI - Subcellular distribution of androgen binding sites in cultured Sertoli cells before and after exposure to androgens. PMID- 6970858 TI - [Bepridil: hemodynamic and coronary effects on normal and/or ischemic myocardium in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The effects of bepridil, certain properties of which suggest antagonism of calcium flux, were studied: 1.1. On arterial blood pressure and heart rate in unanesthetized dogs. 1.2. On coronary and systemic hemodynamics in anesthetized dogs. 1.3. On regional blood flow (R.B.F.) in the myocardium of anesthetized dogs either normal or experimentally ischemic from temporary and/or permanent coronary occlusion. 2. Bepridil in unanesthetised dogs does not cause any significant change in heart rate or systolic blood pressure. Both the mean and diastolic blood pressures increase at the end of the observation period 20 minutes after the second injection. 3. In contrast, bepridil in anesthetized dogs induces a fall in peripheral resistance together with a drop in arterial blood pressure without any alteration in cardiac output. Both heart rate and contractile force are decreased while coronary flow is increased. 4. In models of localized transitory myocardial ischemia, bepridil (1 mg . kg-1 I.V.) induces a general increase in absolute R.B.F., particularly causing a favourable redistribution of coronary blood to the endocardium in ischemic areas, as evidenced by the improved endocardium/epicardium irrigation ratio. These favourable effects disappear when the dose of bepridil (3 mg . kg-1) used in this a preparation induces a marked drop in blood pressure and consequently a fall in coronary perfusion. 5. In models of localized permanent myocardial ischemia, bepridil has no effects either on R.B.F. in healthy or ischemic areas, or on the endocardium/epicardium irrigation ratios in these two types of areas. PMID- 6970859 TI - Immediate coronary artery bypass for acute evolving myocardial infarction. AB - Two hundred twenty-seven consecutive patients had chest pain and electrocardiographic, coronary angiographic, ventriculographic, and retrospective enzyme changes consistent with acute evolving myocardial infarction (AEMI). These patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting an average of less than 6 hours after the start of chest pain. The mean age was 55.8 years (range 28 to 79 years). Sex, coronary artery involvement, and preoperative and postoperative enzymes and electrocardiograms are presented. Follow-up angiocardiograms done an average of 12.7 months postoperatively revealed 99 patent primary grafts in 102 patients (94.3%). Ejection fractions were normal, unchanged, or improved in 86.3% of the patients. Two ventricular aneurysms measuring less than 2.5 cm in diameter were noted. Surgical in-hospital mortality was 1.76% and first-year mortality was 1.44%. Conventional therapy in 200 AEMI patients treated at the same hospitals resulted in an in-hospital mortality of 11.5%. Follow-up of 213 patients having coronary artery bypass grafting revealed that 14% had mild angina. AEMI interrupted by coronary artery bypass grafting early in the syndrome yields results which are superior to conventional management. PMID- 6970860 TI - Efficacy of coronary bypass grafting in exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia. AB - The effects of coronary bypass grafting on ventricular tachycardia induced by treadmill stress testing (TST) were analyzed in nine patients by repeating the test an average of 5 months after operation. Preoperatively, eight patients experienced pain and all had ischemic ST-segment depression during exercise. Six patients had a single episode and two patients had multiple episodes of ventricular tachycardia; in one patient ventricular tachycardia degenerated into ventricular flutter necessitating direct-current cardioversion. Postoperatively, time of exercise and double product were significantly higher during TST. Electrocardiographic ischemic changes were present in only two patients and ventricular tachycardia was not observed. All patients are alive and average of 24 months after the operation, and eight of them are asymptomatic. In conclusion, among patients with coronary artery disease who have exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial revascularization is associated with improvement of exercise capacity and suppression of arrhythmias. PMID- 6970861 TI - Divergent sensitivities of leukaemic cells to human placental conditioned medium and leucocyte feeder layers. PMID- 6970862 TI - Phenotypic changes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells of the common type in diffusion chambers. PMID- 6970863 TI - Non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia cells enhance the mitogen induced proliferation of normal lymphocytes. PMID- 6970864 TI - Effect of adult thymectomy and splenectomy on pluripotent stem cells and progenitors of the myeloid and B-lymphoid lineages. PMID- 6970866 TI - Peripheral lymphocyte count in untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and their lymphographic findings. AB - The relation between grades of foaminess in lumbar, iliac and inguinal nodes on bipedal lymphograms, and peripheral lymphocyte counts was assessed in patients with untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The lymphocyte counts were widely distributed in and around the normal range in patients with normal lymphographic findings, but in patients with increased grades of foaminess they were depressed to a marked degree. The decrease in peripheral lymphocyte counts in patients revealing no pathological grades of foaminess may be caused by the occult abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or may suggest the impending extension of the disease in these nodal chains. PMID- 6970865 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with kidney failure. Discussion: evaluation of the nursing process]. PMID- 6970868 TI - [Alcoholic liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and behavior of different lymphocyte populations]. AB - There is no clear explanation for the known fact that peripheral levels of T lymphocytes are decreased in alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis. Cellular immune deficiency in cirrhosis has been attributed to this phenomenon. In order to confirm this observation and clarify its cause, the different lymphocyte populations of the peripheral blood of 52 patients with alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis and of 30 control subjects were studied. Absolute lymphocyte counts were decreased in cirrhotic patients (p less than 0.05) due to a marked reduction of T lymphocytes (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, T lymphocytes and, to a lesser degree, B lymphocytes, but not the remaining lymphocyte populations (referred to as "other lymphocytes" in this study), were decreased in relation to the existence of portal hypertension. Thus, a significant reduction of T and B lymphocytes (p less than 0.001) exists in cirrhotics with portal hypertension with respect to those without portal hypertension. The sequestering action of the hypertrophic spleen in patients with portal hypertension could be responsible for this phenomenon. PMID- 6970867 TI - [Immunoglobulins and non-organ-specific antibodies in alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. AB - The quantitative alterations of serum immunoglobulins and their relationship with functional liver alterations, and the incidence of non organ-specific antibodies have been studied in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The study was performed in 52 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, and 30 healthy subjects were used as controls. Main findings were: increased serum IgA, IgG, and IgM in cirrhosis (p less than 0.001), increased IgA in liver failure (p less than 0.005), and increased IgM in patients with portal hypertension (p less than 0.001). Regarding non organ-specific antibodies, antinuclear antibodies were found in 28 % of the cases, and anti-smooth muscle antibodies in 9 %. No relationship could be established between antibody positivity and quantitative alterations of the serum immunoglobulins. PMID- 6970869 TI - [Hemorrhage after gastric lavage]. PMID- 6970871 TI - [Artificial respiration with phrenic nerve stimulation in a 10-year-old boy with respiratory paralysis]. PMID- 6970870 TI - [Diflunisal and gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6970872 TI - Desensitization of the muscarinic receptor controlling action potentials of sympathetic ganglion cells in bullfrogs. PMID- 6970873 TI - Determination of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in serum of various animals by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 6970874 TI - [Gamma-scintigraphic study of the portal blood flow with the rectal administration of a 133Xe solution]. PMID- 6970875 TI - [Radionuclide angiography in varicose veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6970876 TI - [Transpyloric gastric mucosa prolapse as a cause of chronic occult upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6970877 TI - [Results of sclerosing therapy of hemorrhaging esophageal varices]. PMID- 6970878 TI - Regulation of blood flow in individual capillaries of resting skeletal muscle in frogs. PMID- 6970879 TI - [Microbiological transformation of cephalosporin C]. AB - Bacteria and actinomycetes were screened for finding organisms that produced enzymes transforming cephalosporin C. Different bacteria were found to be capable for producing enzymes that degraded cephalosporin; actinomycetes possessed this capability to a lesser extent. The transformation of cephalosporin was catalyzed by beta-lactamase and acetyl esterase. One and the same culture could synthesize the both enzymes simultaneously; their activities and proportion depend on the conditions of cultivation. The production of enzymes degrading cephalosporin in bacteria seems to be a trait typical of a species or a strain. PMID- 6970880 TI - HLA B27 negative ankylosing spondylitis with unusually severe and generalized peripheral arthritis. PMID- 6970882 TI - Pathologic anatomy: virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. PMID- 6970881 TI - Electrical stimulators to promote bone healing. PMID- 6970883 TI - Immunity and the immune response. AB - The immune system is designed to discriminate self from nonself. This goal is accomplished by recognition, effector, and memory mechanisms. At the cellular level the immune system consists of macrophages and lymphocytes. The former constitute a major line of phagocytic cellular defenses. Two classes of lymphocytes are recognized: B-lymphocytes and their differentiated cell types (plasma cells). Both secrete immunoglobulins. T-lymphocytes and their progeny derived from the thymus are the effector cells responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. In addition, subsets of T-cells regulate and control the immune response by helper or suppressor activities. Interaction among these cell types within the host determines the outcome of many infectious diseases. PMID- 6970884 TI - Relationships between pancreatic blood flow and secretion in the dog. PMID- 6970885 TI - Subclinical tropical enteropathy in Angola: peroral jejunal biopsies and absorption studies in asymptomatic healthy men. PMID- 6970886 TI - QT prolongation and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia occurring during fever following trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration. PMID- 6970887 TI - Retropharyngeal hemorrhage and acute upper airway obstruction: a complication of catheterization of the internal jugular vein. PMID- 6970888 TI - Barrett's esophagitis: unusual features. PMID- 6970891 TI - Vitreoretinal surgery in a patient with sickle cell retinopathy. PMID- 6970889 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in seborrheic keratosis. PMID- 6970890 TI - Coma caused by drug abuse in pregnancy. PMID- 6970892 TI - Primary vertebral tumor in an adolescent girl. PMID- 6970893 TI - Evaluation of CPR performance among medical students, residents, and attendings at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. PMID- 6970894 TI - Mutation induction in Haemophilus influenzae by ICR-191. II. Role of DNA replication and repair. AB - Evidence is presented to show that presumptive frameshift mutations induced in Haemophilus influenzae by ICR-191 are fixed very rapidly, essentially at the time of treatment. DNA synthesis during treatment is essential for fixation, but DNA synthesis after treatment has no effect. The conclusion is drawn that the mutagen acts at the replication fork, possibly to stabilize misannealings arising in association with the discontinuities in the newly synthesized DNA. These results agree with earlier results on Escherichia coli showing that ICR-191 produces peak mutation frequencies in synchronized cultures at times when the replication fork has reached the locus being studied. They are in sharp contrast to the earlier results in H. influenzae with nitroso compounds and hydrazine that suggest these agents produce randomly distributed, reparable pre-mutational damage that still can be fixed (converted to final mutation) for some time after treatment when the replication fork reaches them. No evidence for such persistent pre-mutational lesions was found with ICR-191. A defect in incision appeared to have very little influence on mutation induction by ICR-191 though it caused much more lethality. The interpretation of the mutation data was made somewhat uncertain, however, by an unexplained plating-density effect on the expression of the mutants in this strain. In contrast, incision deficiencies in E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium have been reported to cause a large increase in mutation induction and to allow lesions at some distance from the replication fork to produce mutations. PMID- 6970895 TI - Apparent anaphylactic reaction to zomepirac (Zomax) PMID- 6970896 TI - IgG inhibitor of polymorphonuclear-leukocyte motility. PMID- 6970897 TI - Clones of helper T cells mediate antigen-specific, H-2-restricted DTH. AB - It is now well established that in the mouse, helper T cells and killer T cells are two distinct thymus-derived lymphocyte subpopulations, differing from each other in Lyt phenotype and H-2 restriction, among other parameters. Helper T cells are Lyt-1+ and their action in immune responses involves restriction at the H-2I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Killer cells, on the other hand, are Lyt-23+ and their activity is restricted by H-2K/D (refs 1, 3). In most instances, T cells mediating delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses share the Lyt phenotype and H-2 restriction of the helper T cell. This raises the question of whether or not helper activity and DTH can be mediated by the same activated T cell. Arguments for both views have been reported. We analysed this question using clones of specific helper T cells, which were obtained by long-term culture in vitro of in vivo primed T cells, followed by single-cell cloning. Here we show that these clones of helper T cells mediate antigen-specific and fully H-2-restricted DTH. The restricting element lies to the left of the I-B region in genetic maps of the mouse MHC. PMID- 6970900 TI - [Computerized tomography on chronic schizophrenic patients. A control study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970898 TI - Immunity to Plasmodium chabaudi adami in the B-cell-deficient mouse. AB - Immunity to malaria has a multicomponent basis which requires the participation of both T- and B-lymphocyte systems. Previous studies have suggested that the T lymphocyte system has an essential role in 're-infection immunity' to malaria, but that B cells and/or their products are necessary for the host to survive acute infection and to clear the blood of parasites during chronic malaria. Thus, B-cell-deficient mice and chickens died of fulminant malaria when infected with Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium gallinaceum, respectively, but when their acute infections were controlled with subcurative chemotherapy, B-cell-deficient host developed chronic low-grade infections and resisted challenge with homologous parasites. In contrast, athymic nude mice failed to control their endogenous P. yoelii infection after the termination of drug therapy unless they had been thymus grafted before initiation of acute infection. We now report that Plasmodium chabaudi adami (556KA) infection in B-cell-deficient mice results in an activation of a T-cell-dependent immune mechanism which terminates acute malaria in a similar way to that seen in immunologically intact mice. Furthermore, these immunized B-cell-deficient mice were resistant to homologous challenge infection as well as infections initiated with Plasmodium vinckei, but not with P. yoelii and Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 6970899 TI - [Mesocaval interposition shunt in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 6970902 TI - Trapped fourth ventricle: a report of two unusual cases. AB - A trapped or isolated 4th ventricle presents as a posterior fossa mass lesion. It occurs in patients with prior lateral ventricular shunting and is diagnosed by computed tomographic scan. Two unusual cases are reported here. PMID- 6970901 TI - Non-serotonergic depression of spinal monosynaptic reflex transmission by 5 hydroxytryptophan. PMID- 6970903 TI - Suprasellar arachnoid cysts: an extension of the membrane of Liliequist. AB - A case of suprasellar arachnoid cyst and hydrocephalus diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and positive-contrast ventriculography is presented. Transfrontal exploration of the 3rd ventricle revealed findings consistent with the cyst being, in fact, a large forward and upward diverticulum of the arachnoidal membrane of Liliequist. The authors suggest that some of the other similarly located arachnoid cysts are extensions of this membrane imperforate by previous infection, hemorrhage, or maldevelopment. PMID- 6970904 TI - Downbeat nystagmus: a type of central vestibular nystagmus. AB - We used electrooculography to study horizontal and vertical eye movements in 17 patients with downbeat nystagmus (Chiari malformation, 9; multiple sclerosis, 2; olivopontocerebellar atrophy, 2; brainstem infarction, 2; and idiopathic nystagmus, 2). In all patients the velocity of slow components of the spontaneous nystagmus increased on lateral gaze, remained relatively unchanged with loss of fixation, and increased markedly after rapid positional changes in the sagittal plane. Horizontal and vertical smooth pursuit was impaired in all patients. Vertical pursuit recordings at multiple ramp velocities suggested superimposition of the spontaneous nystagmus on attempted pursuit rather than selective impairment of downward pursuit. Finally, all patients had impaired fixation suppression of vestibular nystagmus when they were rotated with a fixation point moving with their head. We conclude that downbeat nystagmus is a type of central vestibular nystagmus resulting from an imbalance in the central vertical vestibuloocular pathways. PMID- 6970905 TI - How we won the health team's support for P.O.M.R. PMID- 6970906 TI - Curtailing a life-threatening crisis: G.I. bleeding. PMID- 6970907 TI - Clinical experience with arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in von Willebrand's disease and mild haemophilia. AB - The use of 1 deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDVAP), is reported in seven patients with von Willebrand's disease and mild haemophilia undergoing elective surgery. There were no haemorrhagic complications, and both the quality of the clot formed and the rate of healing appeared entirely normal in all patients. No patient received blood products. Local burning pain due to paravenous leakage at the infusion site in a single patient, and transient facial flushing in another were the only side effects encountered. In addition to the anticipated rise in F.VIII:C and F.VIIIR:Ag, shortening of the bleeding time was observed in all five patients with von Willebrand's disease receiving DDAVP. Three additional patients who received intranasal DDAVP showed an inconsistent response in the laboratory parameters measured. PMID- 6970908 TI - The necessity of securing adequate medical history of the dental patient: a case history. PMID- 6970909 TI - Results of colour vision tests in alcoholic and in mentally disordered subjects. AB - The responses at the Ishihara test, the Nagel anomaloscope, the standard Panel D- 15 and the 100 hue test (with correction of the age effect) were recorded in 38 alcoholics in deprivation period (successively subdivided according to age, to abstinence duration and to liver condition) and in 32 subjects suffering from mental diseases (successively subdivided according to ethylic past, to age, to duration of the stay in the hospital and to activity). It is shown that alcoholism causes a diminution of the performance at the used colour vision tests and especially at the 100 hue test. The defect can be ascribed to psychical factors (chiefly in the cases of mental disease and in the younger people), but also to an acquired blue-yellow defectiveness of colour vision with a shift of the Rayleigh match to red (such a defectiveness can also be due to a liver damage and to some intoxications) and even to a Type II acquired red-green defectiveness of colour vision (possibly by tobacco or disulfiram intoxication). The defect due to alcohol itself soon disappears during desintoxication. The authors draw some practical conclusions. PMID- 6970910 TI - Color vision and age. AB - The results of pseudoisochromatic tests (TMC Ishihara, AOH-R-R) are relatively independent of age. In the Panel D-15, the NCT box 6/4 and the desaturated panel, ageing goes hand in hand with blue-yellow confusions. Fault-positive red-green confusions result from D8/2 examination. For the FM 100 Hue test and the Anomaloscope Nagel, the data found in the literature are confirmed. In nuclear cataract there is no increased shift of the Rayleigh equation towards the green, but towards the red. PMID- 6970911 TI - Tokyo Medical College Test in acquired dyschromatopsia. AB - In order to find a successor for the Hardy, Rand and Rittler (AOH-R-R) test the author made a comparison between the AOH-R-R and the Tokyo Medical College (TMC) tests in acquired dyschromatopsia. The diagnosis of the TMC type of a red-green defect is often in contradiction with the results of other color vision tests. In grading the severity of a red-green defect the TMC classification is shifted with regard to the AOH-R-R classification. A corrected grading in better agreement with the AOH-R-R classification is proposed. The TMC blue-yellow screening plates are more sensitive than the AOH-R-R blue-yellow screening plates. A TMC (supermild) blue-yellow defect in general corresponds to blue-yellow defects detected by FM 100 Hue and its derivatives. In the study of acquired dyschromatopsia, it is necessary to use a test battery. In our opinion the TMC can be used in such a test battery although it is not a real successor to the AOH R-R. If ever the AOH-R-R is reprinted, the blue-yellow plates should be extended to a 'supermild' degree as are the TMC blue-yellow plates. PMID- 6970913 TI - [Change in the T- and B-lymphocyte count in fracture patients]. PMID- 6970912 TI - Head and eye movements following vestibular stimulus in squirrel monkeys. AB - Head and eye movements induced by vestibular stimuli (rotational velocity steps) were studied under several experimental conditions in squirrel monkeys. Monkeys showed prominent head nystagmus under a free head condition. Slow phase gaze velocity (SPGV) was calculated by summing the slow phase speed of coupled head and eye nystagmus. A statistical test showed no significant difference between slow phase eye velocities in a fixed head versus SPGV in a free head condition. This indicates that an accurate negative feedback control of eye movements is performed by the vestibular system when sensing active head movements. Bilateral lateral semicircular canal block eliminated these responses in subjects without amphetamine injection. However, in amphetamine-injected animals, 14-21% of preoperative response could be found even after this operation. Since the plane of rotation was not parallel to that of the lateral semicircular canals, the result was considered to be due to vertical semicircular canal stimulation. PMID- 6970914 TI - [Vestibular aqueduct (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970915 TI - Ampicillin-resistant H influenzae cellulitis and shock in an adult. AB - Over a three-day period, pharyngitis, neck swelling, deep voice, dysphagia, fever, and cellulitis of the anterior neck and upper chest developed in a 63-year old woman. Sixteen hours following the institution of intravenous ampicillin, septic shock developed and the patient became comatose. Ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae type B was found in a culture taken from her blood and pharynx. In patients who have an upper respiratory tract infection and severe cellulitis of the neck, initial therapy should include chloramphenicol because of the possibility of ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae infection. PMID- 6970916 TI - Autotomy following nerve injury: genetic factors in the development of chronic pain. AB - Several weeks following transection and ligation of the hind limb nerves in rats, the animals often attack their anaesthetic foot ("autotomy"). This behaviour is thought to reflect a sensory pathology analogous to anaesthesia dolorosa. We report here that the extent of autotomy varies greatly in genetically different populations of rats. Rats of one population, LC2, showed high autotomy levels; rats of another, LC1, showed very low autotomy levels. The main genetic difference between these two populations is the presence of inbred Lewis rat stock in the LC1 population. Pure Lewis strain rats proved to have very low autotomy levels. Thus, constitutional differences between different rat populations effect the extent of autotomy. These data may bear on the fact that after seemingly identical nerve injuries, some humans develop chronic pain syndromes and others do not. Our rat strains may provide a model for investigating the physiological basis of constitutional susceptibility to chronic pain. PMID- 6970917 TI - [Immunologic mechanisms of specific hyposensitization]. PMID- 6970918 TI - The renaissance of chloramphenicol. PMID- 6970920 TI - [Treatment of pain with electrostimulation: comparative study of the analgesic effects of transcutaneous neurostimulation and low-frequency electrotherapy currents]. PMID- 6970919 TI - Dependence of force and immediate stiffness on sarcomere length and Ca2+ activation in frog skinned muscle fibres. PMID- 6970921 TI - B cell markers in Ph1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) where the blast cells had B cell markers and displayed the presence of a typical Ph1 chromosome, originated by a standard t (9;22) translocation, is reported. Cytological and clinical aspects during the entire course of the disease were consistent with the diagnosis of ALL. Evidence of differentiation along a well-defined lymphoid cell line in a Ph1 positive cell confirms the presence of the Ph1 chromosome in conditions other than chronic granulocytic leukemia and shows that it possibly does not occur in an exclusively undifferentiated totipotent stem cell. PMID- 6970922 TI - Interpersonal communication as perceived by nurse educators in collegial interactions. AB - Using a cross-sectional mail survey and random sampling, the interpersonal aspect of the relationship among nursing faculty colleagues was examined. A sample of 222 full-time, female educators in baccalaureate schools of nursing in Texas returned their anonymous questionnaires, providing information about themselves, their work, and the communication among their faculty colleagues. Findings revealed that actual interpersonal interactions among colleagues were less supportive than was desirable and that nurse educators were dissatisfied with collegial communication. At the same time, having supportive colleagues was found to be a highly important part of their jobs. Degree of involvement in curriculum revision and perceptions of faculty effectiveness in achieving goals were found to explain the most variance in the supportiveness of actual collegial interactions. Perceptions of effectiveness and years of experience in nursing education were found to explain the most variance in satisfaction with collegial communication. PMID- 6970923 TI - Reciprocy and helicy used to relate mEGF and wound healing. AB - The Rogers homeodynamic principles and holistic conceptual framework from which they are derived are useful for describing, explaining, and predicting events that have a direct relevance for the professional practice of nursing. Reciprocy and helicy, principles that deal with the mutual interaction between human and environmental fields, and the unidirectionality of their curvilinear progression along the space--time dimension were useful in constructing a theoretical system for explaining the relationship of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal wound healing. Attachment of the polypeptide EGF to its receptor is viewed as the initial interaction of the human and environmental fields that eventually results in a change in the EGF and the cellular functions of the keratinocytes. At the empirical level, the EGF-keratinocyte interaction is indexed by changes in the keratinocyte migration rate, the mitotic index, and differentiation of cells over the wound. A pilot project to test the concept, using a young Yorkshire-mix pig, is described. PMID- 6970924 TI - [Role of the antibodies to native DNA in idiopathic thrombopenia]. PMID- 6970925 TI - [Indicators of nonspecific immunity in plasmacytoma]. PMID- 6970926 TI - [Role of blood serum alpha 1-antitrypsin in idiopathic pneumothorax]. PMID- 6970927 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte in chronic glomerulonephritis and uremia]. PMID- 6970928 TI - [Chronic progressive pulmonary emphysema associated with homozygous alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970930 TI - [Modern tuberculosis characteristics in children]. PMID- 6970929 TI - [Facts of the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Switzerland (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970935 TI - [Rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6970931 TI - [Use of the in vitro hemotuberculin reactions in tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6970934 TI - Facilitation and inhibition of gastric pathology after lesions in the amygdala of rats. PMID- 6970936 TI - The epidemiology of life stress. PMID- 6970933 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide-protein conjugates: model for a new generation of capsular polysaccharide vaccines. PMID- 6970932 TI - [State of the T and B immunity systems in urogenital tuberculosis]. PMID- 6970937 TI - Effects of electroconvulsive treatment on growth hormone secretion induced by monoamine receptor agonists in reserpine-pretreated rats. PMID- 6970938 TI - [Comparative analysis of a study of DNAse activity in the thymocytes of irradiated rats determined by viscosimetric and spectrophotometric methods]. PMID- 6970939 TI - [Use of a nonstimulated thymocyte isotope labelling method for determining the DNA sedimentation characteristics in an alkaline saccharose gradient]. PMID- 6970941 TI - Abnormalities of the liver and other organs. AB - The liver may undergo pathologic changes as a result of an overall disease process that also affects other organs. This article focuses on those diseases in which abnormalities of the liver are only one part of the process, and in which radiographic investigation of the liver is diagnostically important. PMID- 6970940 TI - [Effect of cyclophosphamide and gamma rays on the electrophoretic mobility of mouse thymocytes]. PMID- 6970942 TI - A positron emission computed tomograph: "POSITOLOGICA". PMID- 6970943 TI - [Hemodialysis dementia]. PMID- 6970944 TI - [Classification of esophageal varices by a metric system]. PMID- 6970945 TI - [Pulmonary pseudofibrosis simulating tuberculosis in Fallot's complex. Description of a case]. PMID- 6970949 TI - [Diaphragmatic hernia. Retrospective study of 41 cases]. PMID- 6970947 TI - [Microsurgery in the reconstruction of the vas deferens. Experimental study]. PMID- 6970948 TI - [Reconstruction of the lower eyelid]. PMID- 6970950 TI - [Acute appendicitis: histopathologic picture, various aspects of its diagnosis and complications]. PMID- 6970946 TI - [Congenital syphilis: leukemoid reaction simulating acute lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 6970951 TI - [Kartagener's syndrome in children]. PMID- 6970952 TI - [Study of the lymphocyte population in hepatic cirrhosis using the T-rosette technic]. PMID- 6970954 TI - [Evaluation of aortocoronary bypass by 201-T1 myocardial scintigraphy]. PMID- 6970955 TI - [Partial nodular transformation of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970953 TI - Pre-longitudinal screening of motor development sequences. PMID- 6970956 TI - [Gasserian differential thermocoagulation in trigeminal neuralgia: a medium-term follow up (author's transl)]. AB - The results of thermo-coagulation have been evaluated in a series of 50 patients followed up from two to six years (average three years). Neuralgia disappeared in nearly 80 p. 100 of the cases (however this was obtained with a second operation in nine cases). The frequency of recurrences increase with time: 20 p. 100 during the first two years reaching 40 p. 100 after three years. They were more likely to occur if the post-operative sensory deficit is moderate. Complications directly related to the surgical technique were rare: some faded away relatively quickly (oculo-motor palsies less than 1 p. 100, masseter weakness 20 p. 100 in the first weeks). The only residual problems were related to sensory deficits: in general they were limited to a small cutaneous area and total anesthesia was never been observed. Although paresthesias were noted in 12 p. 100 of the cases, these usually were not really troublesome. Our conclusion, therefore, is that differential thermocoagulation appears to be the best surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 6970957 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage caused by rupture of esophageal varices: goals and actions of the care team]. PMID- 6970958 TI - [Irrigation with hemostatic liquids]. PMID- 6970960 TI - How to stop a GI bleed. PMID- 6970959 TI - T and B lymphocytes in patients with chronic active liver disease and in healthy HBsAg carriers. AB - E-rosette and surface Ig tests were used to study circulating T and B lymphocytes in 65 patients with chronic active liver disease (CALD), 15 healthy HBsAg carriers and 30 healthy controls. No significant variation in B lymphocytes was observed in CALD and in healthy HBsAg carriers. On the other hand, the absolute number and the percentage of T lymphocytes were significantly decreased in CALD, especially in cases negative for HBV infection markers. PMID- 6970961 TI - [Orthoses for the foot]. PMID- 6970962 TI - [HLA complexes and psoriatic rheumatism]. AB - A study of the HLA system during psoriasis and psoriatic rheumatism demonstrated several genetic markers. The associations of psoriasis with antigens of locus B are feeble (HLA B 13, HLA B 17) or incontant (HLA B 37, HLA W 16). On the other hand, there existe a very strong link between psoriasis with an antigen of locus C (HLA CW6) found in all races and with antigens of locus C (HLA DMO, HLA DW 11). During psoriatic rheumatism, antigen HLA B27 is present mainly in the forms with spinal involvement. No peripheral marker of arthritis has been demonstrated until now, the increased frequency of BW 38 does not seem specific of the joint involvement. PMID- 6970963 TI - [Renal histology in 44 patients with specific antibodies of soluble nuclear antigens]. AB - The authors studied the correlations between renal histology and specific antinuclear antibodies of soluble nuclear antigens (anti-Sm, anti-RNP, anti protein) in 44 patients with such auto-antibodies. They were mostly patients with lupus erythematosus (35/44), more rarely mixed collagen disease or Sjogren's disease. The presence of any one of the specific antibodies of nuclear antigens is not associated with any special renal prognosis; thus the presence of anti-RNP does not mean that there are no histological renal lesions. The renal prognosis depends in fact on the presence of anti-ADN native antibodies. Among the other laboratory parameters (rheumatoid factors, complement levels, cryoglobulinemia) only hypocomplementemia seems to be associated with a poor renal prognosis, the presence of rheumatoid factor has perhaps a protective role. PMID- 6970964 TI - [Cimetidine and rheumatic disorders: preliminary study]. PMID- 6970967 TI - Studies in behaviour, brain and plasma biochemistry in normotensive, genetically hypertensive nonobese and/or genetically hypertensive obese rats: effect of bromocriptine. PMID- 6970966 TI - [Severe non-allergic reaction to Pendepon in a child]. PMID- 6970968 TI - Relativistic normality of the central nervous system electric activity - normality as a relationship between electrophysiological parameters. A survey. PMID- 6970965 TI - [Damage to permanent teeth after treatment with tetracyclines]. PMID- 6970969 TI - [The logistic function in the evaluation of clinical ERGs]. PMID- 6970970 TI - The changes of 86Rb uptake and the local blood flow after local irradiation of anteponated intestinal loop in the rats. PMID- 6970971 TI - Local and total circulation changes in the rats under different irradiation conditions with previous cystamine application. PMID- 6970972 TI - [Chronic hepatitis in children from the viewpoint of the pediatric hepatologist]. PMID- 6970973 TI - Mathematical analysis of the ERG changes in renal diseases. PMID- 6970974 TI - [Spa treatment of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6970975 TI - A contribution to selection criteria and the method of evaluation of some periodic mechanocardiographic data noninvasively obtained by means of digital computer. PMID- 6970976 TI - Capacitive frequency modulated probe for recording pressure changes. PMID- 6970977 TI - Modification of electrochemical determination of oxygen tension in organs. PMID- 6970978 TI - Progression of gastritis at a population level. Comparison of a long-term follow up with stochastic analysis of cross-sectional data. AB - The applicability of the stochastic theory was tested by comparing dynamic data obtained from a cross-sectional population sample with the progression of gastritis observed during a long-term follow-up study of subjects with originally normal body mucosa or superficial gastritis. A good fit of the follow-up with the basic stochastic assumptions was observed, and the progression of gastritis during the follow-up study was similar to that obtained by the stochastic analysis of the cross-sectional data. PMID- 6970979 TI - Acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastrointestinal bleeding determined by a 51Cr method on a day-to-day basis. AB - The daily gastrointestinal blood loss caused by plain and microencapsulated acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) tablets was compared. Fourteen healthy, male volunteers participated in a double-blind, cross-over study, lasting 38 days. Before drug administration a median gastrointestinal bleeding of 0.9 ml/24 h was observed. During oral intake of 1.5 g ASA twice a day for 5 days, an increased faecal blood loss was seen in all volunteers. The increase was significant for both plain and microencapsulated ASA (p less than 0.01). Plain ASA tablets, however, caused a greater faecal blood loss than the microencapsulated tablets (p = 0.05), maximum median levels being 6.2 ml/24 h and 3.9 ml/24 h, respectively. An optimal design of radiochromium studies for determination of drug-induced gastrointestinal blood loss is discussed. PMID- 6970980 TI - beta-Lactams and beta-lactamases with special reference to cefamandole. PMID- 6970981 TI - The ototoxic potential of netilmicin compared with amikacin. An animal study in guinea pigs. AB - The potential ototoxicity of netilmicin and amikacin was compared in guinea pigs. When the toxicity in animals is determined two parameters should be discussed: Dose related comparison of ototoxicity and a comparison related to the antibacterial potency. None of the netilmicin test groups (50-100 mg/kg body weight) showed a higher percentage of degenerated hair cells than the control group. Even the individual animals showed a sensory cell damage within the control animal range. With the antibacterial potency taken into account, a dose three times higher was given to the animals treated with amikacin than to those treated with netilmicin. The amikacin group of animals showed a high percentage of degenerated hair cells under these conditions. PMID- 6970983 TI - Prospective evaluation of vestibular and auditory function in 76 patients treated with netilmicin. AB - Seventy-six patients were included in a prospective study in order to assess the ototoxicity of netilmicin. Netilmicin. Netilmicin was administered intramuscularly with a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg body weight 2 or 3 times daily. The dosage was modified in cases with even slight renal insufficiency. Vestibular and auditory function was examined by electronystagmography (ENG) and audiometry before and during therapy, 1 week and 2-3 months after completion of therapy. Drug-related VIIIth nerve toxicity--vestibular dysfunction--was suspected in one case. However, this dysfunction was subclinical and reversible. The importance of pretreatment evaluation was obvious as an ototoxic damage might have been suspected in 14 patients if the pretreatment examination of vestibular and auditory function had not been performed. Clinical ototoxicity of netilmicin seems to be low when careful attention is paid to the renal function and the serum concentrations of the drug. PMID- 6970985 TI - The Tromso heart study. A multiple regression analysis of the relationship between coronary risk factors and some physical and social variables. AB - Univariate analysis of the cross-sectional data of the Tromso Heart Study revealed group differences in the levels of blood pressure and serum lipids. In order to isolate the contribution from each of the physical and social variables which characterized these groups, a multiple variate analysis was carried out with serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure as dependent variables. Besides age, height and weight, seasonal variation contributed substantially to the explanation of the variance of the dependent variables. The influence of the social variables was somewhat reduced compared to the univariate analysis, though most of them did remain significant also in the multivariate analysis. The explained percentage of the total variance ranged from 13% for systolic blood pressure to 26% for serum cholesterol. PMID- 6970984 TI - Lymphocytes of synovial fluid and peripheral blood in reactive arthritis. A case report. AB - Lymphocytes were isolated from eight samples of synovial fluid obtained over a period of six weeks from a patient with reactive arthritis after venereal infection of unknown microbial etiology. The percentages of T lymphocytes were consistently higher in synovial fluid than in paired blood samples, whereas those of B lymphocytes were consistently lower in synovial fluid than in blood. When incubated in vitro the spontaneous DNA synthesis of the synovial fluid and blood lymphocytes was low. When phytohaemagglutinin or tuberculin was present in the cultures the lymphocytes from blood as well as those from synovial fluid responded with synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and phytohaemagglutinin dose response curves of lymphocytes from the two sources were similar. Thus T lymphocytes of synovial fluid showed a similar in vitro reactivity as those from blood. PMID- 6970982 TI - Netilmicin treatment followed by monitoring of vestibular and auditory function using highly sensitive methods. AB - Auditory and vestibular function was monitored in 30 patients treated with netilmicin for urinary tract infection. During and after the treatment, no signs or symptoms appeared that could be ascribed to an ototoxic effect of the drug. Routine acoustico-vestibular tests as well as advanced, objective acoustic tests revealed no signs of impairment of the labyrinth function. Results of highly sensitive vestibular tests in 15 patients including computerized analysis of the nystagmus responses to caloric tests were compared with results obtained from a sample of normal individuals. Some of the results varied significantly more in the netilmicin group than in the reference group. The most characteristic variation was a decreased reaction to hot water stimulation. PMID- 6970986 TI - Clinical applications of thallium-201 myocardial imaging. PMID- 6970988 TI - [Experience in using a chart for registering the movement of a dispensary patient contingent according to observation groups]. PMID- 6970987 TI - Case report 122: lethal short-limbed dwarfism: achondrogenesis type 2 (Fraccaro Langer-Saldino). PMID- 6970989 TI - [Local electroanalgesia by transcutaneous neurostimulation in clinical practice]. PMID- 6970990 TI - Bleeding esophageal varices. AB - The unresolved issue of the optimal treatment of portal hypertension attests to the disappointments in present treatment. In reality, the disappointments are a result of progressive liver disease, which is not helped and probably deteriorates more rapidly after shunting operations. This dissatisfaction has led some to abandon shunts and to accept a higher incidence or potential for recurrent bleeding after nonshunting operations. The long-term results of splenic artery ligation and perhaps embolization are awaited with interest. Until then, as Conn has said, "We must learn to select better who should be shunted or to shunt better those we select". PMID- 6970991 TI - Colonoscopic diagnosis of angiodysplasias of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - We have reviewed our experience with colonoscopy in the diagnosis of angiodysplastic lesions of the colon. In 14 of the patients in our series, the lesions in the colon were diagnosed colonoscopically, confirming arteriographic findings in many but being the only diagnostic modality facilitating the diagnosis in three of the patients. Results of our experience indicate that colonoscopy is an effective means of diagnosing or confirming the diagnosis of angiodysplastic lesions of the right colon. It should be part of the evaluation along with superior and inferior mesenteric angiography of every patient with occult gastrointestinal tract bleeding or iron deficiency anemia, or both, for whom no diagnosis can be made with standard barium contrast techniques. PMID- 6970992 TI - Intraoperative angiography in intestinal angiodysplasia. AB - Intraoperative angiography is quite useful in locating the site of bleeding in patients with angiodysplasia of the small intestine. We recommend the placement preoperatively of an angiographic catheter in these patients. We have described a technique that complements this procedure with metallic clip labeling to locate precisely the area of bleeding. This method of treatment is illustrated in the present study by reports of patients bleeding from vascular malformations of the ileum, duodenum and the head of the pancreas. PMID- 6970993 TI - Endoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices in children. PMID- 6970994 TI - Downbeat nystagmus. AB - A patient with downbeating nystagmus in the primary position and vertical saccadic pursuit is presented. The possible etiologies of these features and their diagnostic significance is discussed. PMID- 6970995 TI - The effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on postoperative pain and pulmonary function. AB - Surgery on the upper abdomen is associated with marked postoperative pulmonary dysfunction that results largely from restriction of lung expansion secondary to incisional pain. This study, utilizing three groups of patients (a control group, a sham group, and a group receiving transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation [TENS] for pain control), was designed to determine whether this modality is effective in alleviating postoperative pain. Spirometry, arterial blood gases, clinical as well as radiologic evidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, and the frequency of analgesic requests were determined. Of the 40 patients studied, the 15 receiving TENS required only 4.7 +/- 2.5 doses of narcotic analgesics in the first 72 hours as opposed to 10.1 +/- 2.7 and 10.4 +/- 2.7 in the other two groups (P less than 0.005). There were a total of six postoperative pulmonary complications, all occurring in the groups not receiving TENS. Postoperative arterial Po2, vital capacity, and functional residual capacity were least depressed in the TENS group. The data suggest that TENS minimizes the tendency toward postoperative alteration in respiratory mechanics and decreases the incidence of pulmonary complications by alleviating incisional pain. PMID- 6970996 TI - Dental health 1973 and 1978 in individuals aged 3-20 years in the community of Jonkoping, Sweden. A cross-sectional study. PMID- 6970997 TI - [Study visit to Minneapolis, USA, arranged by The Experiment in International Living: children can select themselves which fragrance their anesthetic mask should have]. PMID- 6970998 TI - [A new antianginal drug, bepridil: efficacy estimation by exertion test during a double blind test against a placebo (author's transl)]. PMID- 6970999 TI - Quinacrine mustard: a fluorescent platelet label. In vitro studies and in vivo localisation in Habu venom glomerulonephritis in rats. PMID- 6971001 TI - [Tuberculosis in children. 10-year patient material]. PMID- 6971000 TI - [Surgery in a severe attack of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6971003 TI - [Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Treatment by diadynamic current]. PMID- 6971002 TI - Studies on corneal endothelial growth and repair. II. increased transcription as detected by incorporation of 3H-uridine and 3H-actinomycin D. AB - Endothelial cells from injured frog corneas undergo increased 3H-uridine and 3H actinomycin D (3H-AMD) incorporation as judged by autoradiography. The increase in 3H-AMD binding occurs when living endothelium is labeled in vitro or when fixed preparations are exposed to the drug. The changes in 3H-AMD incorporation detected by the two methods are comparable (55 and 62% for living and pre-fixed tissue respectively). However, when fixed endothelium is also de-histonized with 2 N HCl, differential binding of 3H-AMD is eliminated. This result suggests that the enhanced incorporation of 3H-AMD into nuclei is at least partly due to a modification in the association of chromosomal proteins with DNA and not entirely to cell permeability changes that may accompany wound repair. This contrasts with observations of cells that are killed outright by the injury. Such cells bind very large amounts of 3H-AMD compared with their living neighbors. Here the difference in incorporation is eliminated by prefixation. Thus, in the dead cells increased binding may be due to a reduction of cell surface permeability barriers which accompanies cell morbidity. PMID- 6971006 TI - [Oral manifestations of histiocytosis X: 2 cases]. PMID- 6971005 TI - Cancer immunology: some basic concepts. PMID- 6971007 TI - [Immunosorption isolation of Thy-1 antigen from thymocyte plasma membrane components]. AB - CBA-thymocyte receptors responsible for autologous rosette formation were found to inhibit specific cytotoxicity of antibrain antibody to thymocytes. The receptors isolated by heating at 45 degrees C in isotonic solution were investigated by chromatography on immobilized antibrain antibody, after absorption on the column with immobilized normal rabbit IgG. Three fractions were obtained. Only one of the fractions eluted from the immobilized antibrain antibody was found to inhibit cytotoxicity of rabbit anti-CBA-brain antibody for CBA thymocytes. It is supposed that the antibrain antibodies have an affinity not only to antigen Thy-1 but also to other structures of the thymocyte plasma membrane. PMID- 6971004 TI - The pathological effects of immunosuppression of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice, with particular reference to survival and hepatotoxicity after thymectomy and treatment with antithymocyte serum, and treatment with hydrocortisone acetate. AB - The effects of various immunosuppressive regimes on the survival and liver pathology of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni were investigated. T-cell deprivation before infection (by adult thymectomy and subsequent anti-thymocyte serum administration), or treatment with hydrocortisone or cyclophosphamide or azathioprine after infection, all reduced survival of infected mice when compared with immunologically intact, infected mice. T-cell deprivation or steroids produced severe liver damage in infected mice despite a reduction in the size of the peri-oval granulomatous inflammatory reaction. Administration of chronic infection serum reduced liver damage in both T-cell-deprived and steroid-treated animals, but improved survival only in the deprived animals and not to the level seen in normal infected mice. The liver damage in immunosuppressed mice was not due to opportunistic bacterial infection. Thus, although immunosuppression reduced the granulomatous response to schistosome eggs in the livers of infected mice (as it does to eggs injected intravenously into the lungs), survival time was decreased. The relevance of these findings to human S. mansoni infections is discussed. PMID- 6971008 TI - [Study of the vestibular analyzer function in healthy persons by sinusoidal rotation]. PMID- 6971009 TI - Long wavelength foveal insensitivity in rhesus. PMID- 6971011 TI - [Treatment of facial neuritis]. PMID- 6971010 TI - [Evaluation of antiglobulin sera in immunohematological practice]. PMID- 6971012 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in malignant bone tumors and their relation to the immune response to the tumor]. AB - Comparative studies of the subpopulations of lymphocytes, isolated from the tumor tissue and blood of 15 osteosarcoma patients, showed that the total lymphocyte count in the neoplasms ranged from 0 to 19% of the total cell population. In various patients tumor lymphocytes were represented either mainly by T cells (up to 80% of lymphocytes) or by "null" cells lacking any surface markers. The population of lymphocytes with surface membrane immunoglobulins with complement and Fc receptors was usually low although the tumors contained up to 90% of nonlymphoid cells with the same markers. Lower (less than 60%) counts of blood T lymphocytes were found only in one third of osteosarcoma patients. The immune response of blood lymphocytes against living autologous tumor cells was found in 85% of the patients, and its intensity depended on the content of T lymphocytes in tumor but not in blood. PMID- 6971013 TI - [Morphometric characteristics of the immunomorphological reactions in metastasizing and nonmetastasizing thyroid cancers]. AB - Morphometrically, immunomorphological reactions have been studied on the intraoperative material from 70 patients with thyroid cancer of various histological pattern. It was found that metastasization of cancerous tumors proceeds on the background of suppressed antitumor immunity--a reduced index of the stroma lymphoid infiltration, diminishing of the T-dependent paracortical zone of regional lymph nodes and less content of T-lymphocytes and macrophages in it. PMID- 6971014 TI - Functional and developmental compartments of human T lymphocytes. AB - Hybridoma technology has made it possible to prepare a range of antibodies which define developmental and functional compartments of the T lymphocyte lineage in man. The feasibility of achieving this aim, and some immediate clinical applications, are illustrated in this report on seven monoclonal antibodies from seven selected hybridoma clones, which are shown to define subclasses of human T cells according to their immune function and developmental rank. PMID- 6971015 TI - Immunochemical characteristics of human anti-T antibodies. AB - A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed to investigate the immunochemical properties of serum anti-T antibodies. Evidence was presented that the radioimmunoassay can measure non-agglutinating as well as agglutinating anti T antibodies, while the hemagglutination method can detect only the latter type. Although the hemagglutination method failed to detect anti-T agglutinins in cord sera, the radioimmunoassay results demonstrated the presence of non-agglutinating antibodies. Presence of 1% polyethylene glycol potentiated some of the originally nonagglutinating antibodies to produce a hemagglutination reaction. Immunochemical characteristics associated with the human anti-T antibodies are discussed. PMID- 6971016 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte content in aplastic anemia]. PMID- 6971018 TI - Ampicillin-resistant H. flu. PMID- 6971019 TI - [Experiences in the determination of serum indomethacin levels in patients with rheumatic diseases--a contribution to the "reliability" in clinico pharmacological studies]. PMID- 6971017 TI - [Various reactions of humoral and cellular immunity in Parkinson disease]. PMID- 6971020 TI - [Social fate (return to work) after coronary heart surgery and/or aneurysmectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The "return to work"-rate of 4 groups of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) is evaluated (all coronary angiography): Group 1: 314 patients after aorto coronary bypass operation: mean age 50.5 years. Time after infarction 28 months, after surgery 18 months. The social fate of 52% were not yet decided. 20% got pension, 25% returned to work. Group 2: 86 patients after conservative treatment of myocardial infarction: mean age 42 years. Time after MI 18 months. The social fate of 21% was not yet decided, 41% got pension, 36% returned to work. Patients with one-vessel disease returned to work in 52%, with two-vessel disease in 20% and with three-vessel disease in 12.5%. Group 3: 24 patients after aneurysmectomy: mean age 47 years. Time after infarction 28 months, time after operation 11 months. Social fate of 8 out of 24 patients was not yet decided, 7 out of 24 got pension, 5 out of 24 returned to work. Group 4: 27 patients with conservatively treated left ventricular aneurysm: mean age 43 years. Time after infarction 42 months. The social fate of 2 out of 27 patients was not yet decided, 14 out of 27 got pension, and 8 out of 27 returned to work. Exercise tolerance is no good indicator for the work status 18 months after myocardial infarction, 18 months after aorto-coronary bypass, 18 months after aneurysmectomy and 42 months after conservative treatment of left ventricular aneurysm. Selection of patients (all were examined by coronary angiography because of limitation by angina pectoris in daily life activities) may be partly responsible for the poor long-term work status. But more important seems to be the "tied social network". Decision for "return to work" or "pension" should be made 6 months after MI or after operation. PMID- 6971021 TI - [Comparison of 99mTc-trend scintigraphy and left ventricular angiography in 33 patients (author's transl)]. AB - In 33 patients (30 male, 3 female, mean age 48 years) 99mTc-Trend Scintigraphy (Schad) was compared with left ventricular angiography. 25 patients suffered of a chronic myocardial infarction. In 26 patients complete or partial agreement between the two methods was seen. The scintigraphy showed false negative results in the apical region and false positive results in the basal segments. The comparison of both methods shows that 99mTc-Trend Scintigraphy can be used to evaluate non-invasively the function of the left ventricle. PMID- 6971022 TI - Infection of murine T lymphocytes with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: effect of age of mice on susceptibility. AB - Infectious T lymphocytes were determined in thymuses and spleens of mice acutely infected with LCM virus. Such cells appeared in newborn animals, but their numbers declined when the age at infection increased and none were found in adult mice. Either susceptibility to LCM virus is associated with some degree of immaturity or the probability of murine T lymphocytes to encounter the virus as an infectious entity rather than an immunogen is higher in very young than immunologically mature mice. PMID- 6971023 TI - A hormonal component in central vestibular compensation. AB - In developing clawed toads Xenopus laevis, the compensation mechanism of behavioural defects caused by unilateral labyrinthectomy consists of two components, a vestibular one and a hormonal one. Thyroxine accelerates this compensation. PMID- 6971024 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6971025 TI - [Subcellular changes in posterior hypothalamus at the peak of immune response]. PMID- 6971026 TI - [N-balance studies in broilers and laboratory rats under the influence of growth promoting compounds]. PMID- 6971027 TI - [Intestinal haemorrhage in infants and children (author's transl)]. AB - From 1968 to 1977 at the Paediatric Surgical Dept. of the Surgical Clinic of Jena/GDR 160 children with gastro-intestinal haemorrhage were seen. Half of them were not older than 1 year. The causes of bleeding are various. Haemorrhage due to insufficiency of the cardia and intussusception dominates. PMID- 6971029 TI - [Surgery of the GI-tract. Basic laboratory tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971028 TI - [Hemangioma of the small intestine]. PMID- 6971031 TI - The most recent lesson from community control of cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 6971030 TI - [Bioelectric correlates of the brain's protective mechanisms]. AB - The author substantiates the necessity of searching for new means producing a therapeutic effect on the brain of epileptic patients that would be similar, in principle, to the brain's own protective mechanisms. This can be done, in the author's opinion, on the basis of studying the most probable bioelectric equivalents of the protective mechanisms. The author suggests a new method for suppressing the epileptogenic focus. This suppression, close to the physiological one, is effected by applying a weak sinusoidal current to the focus via intracerebrally implanted electrodes. Data on the suppression of the epileptiform activity within the zone of the current application, as well as data confirming the local character of the current action are presented. The place of the new method in the system of complex therapy, particularly of epilepsy, is determined with consideration of the role of the stable pathological state. Probable neurophysiological mechanisms of the sinusoidal current action on the epileptogenic focus are discussed. PMID- 6971033 TI - Echocardiographic estimation of the left ventricular function. PMID- 6971032 TI - The efficacy of intravenous moxaprindine on ventricular ectopic activity. AB - Moxaprindine, a new derivative of aprindine, has been showed to possess strong antiarrhythmic properties in the dog. It is significantly less toxic than aprindine on hematopoietic cells in culture. This drug was given intravenously (2 mg/kg given over a 30 min period), to 10 patients with severe, refractory and symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias. In 8 of them, all ventricular ectopic activity was suppressed for at least 90 min following the end of perfusion. In 7, no ventricular ectopic beats recurred before the end of the experimentation (150 min). There were two non-responders: one of them developed a torsade de pointes phenomenon under the influence of the drug. The mean drug concentration which was reached at the end of perfusion was 4.83 +/- 2.46 gamma/ml. It progressively fell to a value of 1.11 +/- 0.35 gamma/ml, 150 min later. The drug prolongs the PR interval, QRS duration and QT interval. Moxaprindine is a powerful antiarrhythmic agent which deserves further assessment in long term studies. PMID- 6971034 TI - Quantitative aspects of electrocardiogram in a Jordanian population. AB - Twelve lead electrocardiographic tracings were obtained from 297 subjects aged 15 64 years, selected randomly from the Jordan University Hospital staff members, student doctors and student nurses. The values of selected measurements are reported including intervals, amplitudes and the mean QRS electrical axis in the frontal plane. The relation between certain electrocardiographic characteristics and age, body built, arterial pressure and heart rate was investigated by multiple regression analysis. Statistical analysis of the difference of the data obtained in age groups was made by the "Student's" t-distribution. PMID- 6971035 TI - Heart disease in tropical Africa: the last ten years. PMID- 6971037 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood in multiple sclerosis. AB - Subpopulations of lymphocytes in the CSF and peripheral blood were studied in 30 patients with MS, 16 with other neurological diseases (OND) and 15 control subjects without any neurological abnormalities. In patients with relapse of MS, the absolute numbers of total lymphocytes, alpha-naphthyl acid esterase (ANAE) positive, E-rosette forming and bearing the "avid" FcIgG receptor lymphocytes were significantly increased in the CSF as compared with stable or slowly progressive MS patients, patients with other OND and control subjects. The relative number of ANAE-positive cells was higher, and "avid"FcIgG receptor bearing cells lower in the CSF of all patients with MS than in the two other groups. The significance of the finding is unclear. The imbalance between lymphocyte subpopulations may reflect a primary defect in MS, or may be secondary, due to the presence of circulating immune complexes. In peripheral blood no substantial differences in lymphocyte behavior were observed between MS patients and other groups. PMID- 6971038 TI - Geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis: An update with special reference to Europe and the Mediterranean region. PMID- 6971036 TI - Cholestatic jaundice after triacetyloleandomycin and oral contraceptives. The diagnostic value of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. PMID- 6971039 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood in multiple sclerosis. AB - Lymphocytes subpopulations in cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were studied. PB of MS patients contains the same prevalence of E and EA rosette forming cells compared with controls, consisting of patients affected by various "nonimmunological" neuropsychiatric diseases. Cytochemical identification by the method of acid esterases in PB demonstrated in MS a prevalence of lymphocyte subpopulations similar to controls, and a relatively high percentage of macrophages compared with other methods, especially in MS patients: this may partially account for variable results obtained by various authors with the rosette technique. In CSF a significant decrease of total T, and particularly of T gamma cells, was found. Since T gamma lymphocytes have a suppressor effect on B cell proliferation and Ig synthesis, their decrease could be related with Ig hypersynthesis commonly found in the central nervous system of MS patients. PMID- 6971040 TI - Elemental composition of the mature inner ear. AB - An X-ray energy dispersive analysis was performed on the mature serial sectioned freeze-dried mammalian labyrinth (CBA/CBA mouse). The elemental distribution in the endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces revealed similar results as have been reported in the literature when withdrawing fluid for microanalysis. The cupulae of the vestibular organs showed only minimal relative peak intensities of chlorine and potassium in contrast to the tectorial membrane in the cochlea with elemental identification also of sodium, sulphur and calcium. A difference in structural composition is therefore likely between these two tissues. PMID- 6971041 TI - Comparison of human subjective and oculomotor responses to sinusoidal vertical linear acceleration. AB - Human subjects were vertically oscillated in the dark over a frequency range of 1 0.02 HZ at peak-to-peak acceleration amplitudes of 0.2-0.6 g, using both a vertical movement simulator and real flight. Subjective tracking of the movement was unreliable and showed no systematic dependence of phase upon frequency. In contrast, reflex oculomotor response, although weak, clearly demonstrated progressive and substantial phase lag with increasing frequency. The similarity of this characteristic to that previously obtained from brainstem neural responses in cat suggests the oculomotor response was primarily of a vestibular origin. The in-flight studies demonstrated that head movement in a changing linear accelerative field, especially at 0.1 Ha, is highly provocative of motion sickness despite subthreshold angular movement of the aircraft. PMID- 6971042 TI - Intermediate dose methotrexate (IDM) in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in Norway. Preliminary results of a national treatment program. PMID- 6971043 TI - Gastro-intestinal bleeding--a major cause of iron deficiency in the elderly. AB - Iron deficiency of 10 g/dl haemoglobin or less was found in 18 (3.5%) of 511 patients admitted in one year to the Middlesex Hospital Geriatric Unit. Three patients were frail and not investigated. Gastro-intestinal lesions were demonstrated in all remaining 15 patients and specific therapy was instituted in 10 cases. Surgery was performed for colonic cancer at a resectable stage (Dukes B) in two cases. Patients with iron deficiency require adequate gastro enterological investigation. PMID- 6971044 TI - The decline in vitamin D status with age. AB - A cross-sectional study of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (250HD) concentrations in healthy women in the age range 20-96 years is reported. Mean values decline with increasing age while abnormally low levels of plasma 250HD are more common in the elderly. The decline in vitamin D status with age is probably the result of lack of sunlight exposure associated with social factors and physical immobility. PMID- 6971045 TI - Anti-inflammatory/anti-pyretic salicylic acid esters with low gastric ulcerogenic activity. AB - The methyl and some other esters of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids and their derivatives were found to have much lower gastric ulcerogenic activity (when assayed in the stress-sensitized rat) compared with their corresponding acids. There was little or no loss in therapeutic potencies of these salicylate esters as determined by assessment of anti-inflammatory activity (against the carrageenan-induced oedema) and antipyretic activity (against yeast-induced fever in rats. The methyl ester of acetylsalicylic acid (=AME) was almost devoid of gastric irritancy/ulcerogenicity (as observed with acetylsalicylic acid) when given orally to pigs for 10 days. AME had appreciable anti-inflammatory activity in the adjuvant-arthritis model and at high doses (200 mg/kg t.i.d.) was without the lethal effects seen with acetylsalicylic acid. Moreover, no toxic effects were seen after long-term administration of 100-1000 mg/kg/day AME for 3-4 months. The results provide further evidence for the hypothesis that the carboxylic acid moiety of salicylates is a major factor in the gastric ulcerogenic activity of these drugs. The methyl esters of these salicylates may be considered as models for the development of pro-drugs and in some cases may be therapeutic alternatives to acetylsalicylic acid or salicylate. PMID- 6971046 TI - [Experimental endophthalmitis induced by herpes simplex virus. 3. Subretinal space inoculation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971047 TI - [Bird breeder's lung in children]. AB - A case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to pigeon-dropping antigens is reported in a 9 year old girl, and compared with other seven previous reports in children. The insidious nature of this disease, as well as the importance of detailed environmental information in children with unexplained respiratory disease are emphasized. In this case, lung function tests showed a classic restrictive ventilatory defect, and a serious obstructive ventilatory defect evidenced in the narrowing of the smaller airways, and a reduction in the forced expiratory flow at small lung volumes. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a lung disease that results from sensitization by inhalation of a variety of organic dusts. Patients usually have circulating antibodies against the etiologic agents. Most patients with this disease also have sensitized T-cells to these agents. Long-term exposure can lead to irreversible lung disease. The histopathologic features are chronic interstitial and alveolar inflammation frequently accompanied by a granulomatous response. The most common symptomatic features are fever, chills and dyspnea 4 to 8 hours after exposure. Antibody activity to antigens is detected in the serum of both symptomatic and asymptomatic breeder's lung. Cellular hypersensitivity to antigens is demonstrated "in vitro" with peripheral lymphocyte populations in almost all symptomatic patients. PMID- 6971048 TI - Hyper-responsivity to touch and vestibular stimuli as a predictor of positive response to sensory integration procedures by autistic children. AB - Sensory processing disturbance in autistic children as a predictor of response to sensory integrative procedures was investigated. Ten autistic children, ages 3 1/2 to 13 years (mean, 7.4 years), were initially evaluated in regard to their hypo-, hyper-, or normal responsivity to visual, auditory, tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive, olfactory, and gustatory stimuli. After evaluation, each child received therapy that provided somatosensory and vestibular stimulation and elicited adaptive responses to these stimuli. At the end of one year of therapy, each child's progress was judged in relationship to that of the others, and the group was divided into the six best and the four poorest respondents. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified which initial test variables predicted good or poor responses to therapy. The good respondents showed tactile defensiveness, avoidance of movement, gravitational insecurity, and an orienting response to an air puff. Results suggest that children who registered sensory input but failed to modulate it responded better to therapy than those who were hypo-responsive or failed to orient to sensory input. PMID- 6971049 TI - Visually monitored postrotary nystagmus in seven autistic children. AB - Therapists who evaluate the sensorimotor functions of autistic children have become increasingly interested in monitoring their responses to vestibular stimulation. In this study, the duration of the nystagmus reflex is visually monitored and then measured by means of a stop-watch. Each of 7 autistic subjects received 18 sessions (36 trials) of horizontal semicircular canal stimulation during a period of 25 days. In each trial a graduated acceleration in a hand operated rotating chair preceded an abrupt stop, with a rapid deceleration from 180 degrees/second to 0 degree/second. Although subject option (intentional response) imposes limitations on the data interpretation, inspection of the nystagmus functions over time suggests the following: substantial trial-to-trial variability; substantial subject-to-subject variability; greater scores following trials to the subjects' left (the direction of the second trial in each session) than to the right (the direction of the first); and no evidence of consistent change for most subjects in nystagmus duration across the 36 trials. Implications for clinical evaluation of nystagmus are discussed. PMID- 6971050 TI - Fatal pulmonary embolism from massive right atrial thrombus postcoronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6971051 TI - Specific uptake of tritiated serotonin in the adult rat pancreas: evidence for the presence of serotonergic fibers. AB - Fragments of adult rat pancreas were incubated in vitro with tritiated serotonin at concentrations from 10(-8) to 10(-7) M. The pancreas exhibited an uptake of serotonin which was saturable, with an uptake constant (Km) of 8.75 x 10(-7) M, and a Vmax of 873 pmoles per gram. Specificity was determined by the addition of fluoxetine or norepinephrine to the reaction mixture, both at 10(-5) M. Fluoxetine significantly reduced the 3H-5HT uptake, whereas norepinephrine was without effect. Metergoline (10(-6) M), a specific 5-HT postsynaptic receptor blocker, similarly had no effect on the serotonin uptake in the pancreas. Radioautography of the fragments following uptake of tritiated serotonin (5 x 10( 8) M) revealed silver- grain aggregates dispersed along blood vessels in the interstitial spaces of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas, areas known to be traversed by nerve fibers. There were no silver- grain aggregates over the exocrine or islet parenchymal cells. These data support the hypothesis that the pancreas is innervated by serotonergic fibers. Further evidence for this hypothesis was provided by a preliminary study demonstrating the presence of tryptophan hydroxylase in pancreatic homogenates. These serotonergic fibers may be involved in the regulation of pancreatic secretion. PMID- 6971052 TI - Acute B-cell leukemia occurring with Hodgkin's disease. AB - The association of lymphoid neoplasms with Hodgkin's disease is being recognized with increasing frequency. These tumors often occur concurrently with Hodgkin's disease and are not as clearly related to therapy as are other secondary tumors. Presumably, the immune deficiency state found in Hodgkin's disease plays an important role. A patient with Hodgkin's disease and simultaneous acute lymphocytic leukemia is reported. The leukemia was B cell in type, a rare form that most likely is identical to acute lymphosarcoma cell leukemia of immature cell type. This case expands the spectrum of lymphoid neoplasms known to occur with Hodgkin's disease. The fact that the leukemia responded to therapy for Hogkin's disease suggests that some lymphoproliferative disorders discovered subsequent to therapy are not the result of therapy but recurrences of previously undetected and therapeutically suppressed disease. PMID- 6971053 TI - Correlates and changes over time in drug and alcohol use within a barrio population. AB - Extent and determinants of use of alcohol, marijuana, inhalants, and PCP were explored in a group of 339 Mexican American youths from the East Los Angeles Housing projects. Results from this study were compared to those from a similar survey carried out in the same area 2 years ago. Use of inhalants has declined markedly compared with prevalence reported in the previous report. However, use of alcohol and marijuana have increased across all age and sex cohorts. Prevalence of PCP use, explored for the first time in this report, was shown to be extremely high. Use of all drugs was generally predicted by age, sex, and number of peers reporting use. Self-concept factors, especially one's self evaluation with respect to others, were also significant predictors to use of marijuana, inhalants, and PCP. However, alcohol use was not related to any self concept factors. Language (Spanish-English) used both in the home and with peers was related to use of all substances studied. Limitations in the generalization of this study as a result of sampling problems are discussed. PMID- 6971054 TI - Endophthalmitis caused by Petriellidium boydii. PMID- 6971055 TI - Selection bias in epidemiologic studies. AB - Consideration of factors involved in the selection of subjects is essential for evaluating the validity of a putative etiologic association. The purpose of this paper is to provide a quantitative conceptual framework for understanding selection bias; this framework integrates both epidemiologic and statistical considerations. Emphasis is given to specifying the conditions under which such bias is likely to occur, identifying the direction and magnitude of the bias, and illustrating how these features differ by type of study design. PMID- 6971056 TI - Methemoglobinemia induced by local anesthetics. AB - A case of methemoglobinemia secondary to topical local anesthetic agents is reported. A 28-year-old, 80-kg white man was admitted to a hospital for respiratory distress two days after an accident. During intubation, Cetacaine (benzocaine, butamben, and tetracaine) spray and Americaine (benzocaine) ointment were used topically for local anesthesia. Ninety minutes later, the patient was cyanotic despite ventilation, and an arterial blood sample was chocolate-brown and contained 29 d/dl methemoglobin (normal less than 1.7 g/ dl). Methylene blue, 80 mg as a 1% solution in 5% dextrose in water, was infused over 20 minutes, and hte patient's cyanosis disappeared within the next 30 minutes. The following afternoon, the patient was reintubated, using 4% lidocaine and benzocaine as local anesthetics. He again developed cyanosis. Methylene blue again cleared the cyanosis. Abnormal hemoglobin variants and NADH-methemoglobin reductase deficiency were ruled out as sources of methemoglobinemia. A discussion of methemoglobinemia, including biochemistry, pathogenesis, symptomatology, and management, is presented. If cyanosis occurs following application of local anesthetics, methemoglobinemia secondary to these drugs should be considered in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 6971057 TI - High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - To determine guidelines for treatment with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in lupus nephritis, we prospectively assessed the response to pulse therapy in 34 patients. In 12 of them, serum creatinine decreased by at least 20 percent within two months of treatment whereas in the remaining 22 there was no such response. Patients who responded were characterized by recent deterioration in function whereas nonresponders had had a more stable antecedent course (p = 0.003). Responders also had more diffuse lesions on renal biopsy (p = 0.028), had higher levels of anti-DNA antibodies (p less than 0.05), and tended to have higher titers of immune complexes and lower total hemolytic complement. High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone therapy may lead to striking improvement in renal function in lupus nephritis, especially in the subset of patients with recent antecedent functional deterioration. This improvement was maintained in 60 percent of the patients who responded for at least six months. PMID- 6971058 TI - Circulating concentrations of specific placental proteins (human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein, and placental protein 5) in untreated gestational trophoblastic tumors. AB - Serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein (SP1), and placental protein 5 (PP5) were measured prior to treatment in 14 patient with hydatidiform mole and in nine patients with choriocarcinoma. Measurement of circulating levels of SP1 and PP5, but not hCG, provides a distinction between benign and malignant gestational trophoblastic tumors. PMID- 6971060 TI - The transotic approach to resection of difficult acoustic tumors of the cerebellopontine angle. AB - The authors' experience with the transotic approach and permanent forward transposition of the facial nerve in resecting large acoustic tumors of the cerebellopontine angle in twelve patients is reported. Total removal was accomplished in all cases. A total facial nerve paralysis occurred in every case, with good return of function in all patients over a six-month postoperative period. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed. Two cases are reported in detail. PMID- 6971061 TI - Use of EEA stapler in transection of esophagus in severe hemorrhage from esophageal varices. AB - Transection of the esophagus with use of the EEA stapler in uncontrollable hemorrhage fro esophageal varices, combined with ligation of the splenic artery and the coronary vein, is presented. This technique was used in three patients with severe hemorrhaging from esophageal varices. Bleeding was controlled in all patients. PMID- 6971059 TI - Adolescents and drug use: toward a more comprehensive approach. AB - The pattern and prevalence of drug use among adolescents is explored in a survey of 2131 high school students. Findings suggest that the use of drugs and alcohol by adolescents should be viewed as a complex phenomenon greatly influenced by psychosocial contexts. The importance of preventive measures and of social psychiatric approaches is emphasized, with direct psychiatric care reserved for compulsive users in whom psychopathology is clearly manifested. PMID- 6971062 TI - Liver tissue perfusion: comparison of radiologic and isotope clearance techniques in a patient with portal hypertension. AB - A patient with portal hypertension was investigated preoperatively with splenoportography and found to have a large extrahepatic shunt through esophageal varices but poor portal perfusion of the liver. However, intraoperative measurement of the hepatic tissue perfusion using the krypton-85 clearance technique showed it to be essentially normal. Erroneous conclusions about actual hepatic perfusion may be made on the basis of findings on splenoportography alone. PMID- 6971063 TI - Ependymal astrocytes in the frog cerebellum. AB - We have examined the ependymal astrocytes of the frog cerebellar cortex in thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. The somata border the fourth ventricle and give rise to basal processes whose daughter branches cross the molecular layer and terminate as subpial endfeet. Irregular lamellar appendages arise from the basal processes and their branches. In the molecular layer the appendages selectively ensheath apposed parallel fiber boutons and Purkinje cell dendritic spines. Other appendages ramify throughout the neuropil, some contributing to extensive pericapillary sheaths. Freeze-fractured ependymal astrocyte plasma membrane consistently has a greater concentration of intramembranous particles (IMPs) and IMPs of larger mean size than neuronal plasma membrane in the same replicas. Like the astrocytes of the mammalian central nervous system, frog ependymal astrocytes form numerous gap junctions with each other. However, orthogonal arrays of IMPs ("assemblies") were not observed. Ependymal cells in the frog cerebellum combine the morphology, and probably the functions, of both ependymal cells and astrocytes. PMID- 6971064 TI - [Effect of general anesthesia with fluorothane and bronchoscopy-induced stress on the immunity indices]. PMID- 6971066 TI - Clinical decisions to limit treatment. AB - A case of a patient with gastrointestinal hemorrhage raises the question of limiting medical treatment. We analyze four reasons to limit treatment: Treatment is futile, the patient refuses treatment, the costs of treatment seem excessive, and the quality of life is judged unacceptable. For cases in which treatment is to be limited, we offer practical suggestions for compassionate and appropriate terminal care. PMID- 6971068 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a complication of Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 6971065 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to colonic bleeding. PMID- 6971067 TI - Suppression of granulopoiesis by T-lymphocytes in two patients with disseminated mycobacterial infection. AB - Two patients with disseminated mycobacterial infection presented with severe neutropenia and hematopoietic failure. Marrow cells were obtained from each patient and were cultured in methylcellulose before and after the removal of mononuclear phagocytes, T-lymphocytes, or both from the marrow cell suspension. Glucocorticosteroid-resistant T-lymphocytes markedly inhibited granulopoiesis, but mononuclear phagocytes did not. Indomethacin inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis did not influence suppression of colony growth by the inhibitory lymphocytes. In the one patient who responded favorably to antituberculous therapy, the in-vitro T-lymphocyte inhibition of granulopoiesis disappeared as the neutropenia resolved. Thus, in some patients with disseminated mycobacterial infection, clinical bone marrow failure may be mediated, at least partly, by T lymphocytes that suppress hematopoiesis. PMID- 6971069 TI - [Using brainstem auditory evoked potentials in cerebellopontine angle tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The brainstem electric responses on acoustic stimulation are recorded on 37 patients with verified cerebellopontine angle tumors. These responses are compared with those of 101 normal hearing young adults and those of 47 patients with cochlear hearing loss. The Interval between the latency of the first wawe (acoustic nerve) and the fifth (midbrain) or I-V delay is related to the lesion location. The I-V delay is increased in retro-cochlear hearing loss and not different of the normal in cochlear hearing loss. The delay variation is best seen by comparing the I-V delay for the two ears. The interaural I-V delay difference (ITI-V) is normally less than 0,3 msec and is greater than or equal to 0,35 ms in the tumor group. The use of ITI-V increases the reliability of the test. We have neither false positive nor false negative findings. We now use brainstem electric responses as a routine part of our office practice of neuro otology. PMID- 6971070 TI - [Audiovestibular instrumental exploration of the brain stem (part 2) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review the physiology and anatomical pathways of the three types of ocular version movements: saccadic movements, slow visual pursuit movements, slow vestibulo-ocular movements. They carefully describe the techniques of oculographic exploration of these three types of movements, their normal results, the possible artefacts and pathological results during involvement of the brain stem and associated structure. They demonstrate the value of using a technique of stimulation with recorded parameters, and a technique of analogous automatic analysis in real time of the results (Nystagmolab of Greiner, Conraux, Max). PMID- 6971072 TI - [Functional activity of T- and B-lymphocyte populations after rubomycin and carminomycin exposure]. AB - The dynamics of antibody genesis at various periods after single administrations of the antibiotics to mice and the mice spleen capacity to cooperate with intact T- and B- lymphocytes and macrophages in an immune response to sheep red cells were studied. It was found that rubomycin in equal with carminomycin doses by the toxicity induced more significant and slower reducing shifts in the immune response. Analysis of the cell mechanism of the immunosuppressive effects of rubomycin and carminomycin at early periods after their administration showed that the antibiotics inhibited mainly the functional activity of B-lymphocytes and had not effect on the helper function of T-lymphocytes. The immunological activity of macrophages was inhibited insignificantly. PMID- 6971071 TI - Age and sex related levels of albumin, ceruloplasmin, alpha 1 antitrypsin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, and transferrin. AB - Serum levels of albumin (alb), ceruloplasmin (Cp), alpha 1-antitrypsin (AT), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and transferrin (Tf) were quantitatively determined by electroimmunodiffusion in 50 normal men and 75 normal women of varying ages. Alb, Cp and Tf are carrier proteins, AT is a protease inhibitor, and AGPs are acute phase reactants, with protective functions in inflammation. Subjects were grouped as follows: 20 to 44 years, 45 to 54 (an average statistical age at menopause +/- 5 years), and over 55. Differences related to sex and age were noted. These values are to serve, however, as controls for studies of rheumatic disorders in which sex and age are significant factors in demography. PMID- 6971073 TI - [Effect of antibiotics on human lymphocyte mitogenesis]. AB - The effect of some antibiotics on in vitro blast transformation of lymphocytes of healthy donors stimulated with phytohemagglutinin was studied. The stimulation level was estimated by incorporation of 3H-thymidine into lymphocytes. It was shown that minocycline had a markedly pronounced inhibitory activity. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline also proved to be active inhibitors. Penicillin, cephalotin and carbenicillin had no effect on lymphocyte mitogenesis. Gentamicin proved to be a rather active stimulator of mitogenesis, especially with the use of a suboptimal concentration of phytohemagglutinin. The method is rather sensitive and informative. It may be used for preliminary determination of the immunotropic properties of drugs and chemical compounds with respect to immunocompetent cells of man. PMID- 6971076 TI - Coronary artery bypass operation in septuagenarians. AB - Increasing numbers of patients more than 70 years old are at risk from coronary artery disease. The continued success of coronary artery bypass operation in selected patients provides impetus for applying this procedure to older patients as well. Our results indicate coronary artery operation is effective in older patients and has a low mortality (3% in our series). In patients in this age group, coronary artery operation can be combined with other procedures, when indicated, such as cardiac valve replacement or repair, left ventricular aneurysmectomy, carotid endarterectomy, and cholecystectomy. PMID- 6971074 TI - Influence of potassium cardioplegia versus ischemic arrest on regional left ventricular diastolic compliance in humans. AB - To compare the effects of hypothermic ischemic arrest versus hypothermic potassium cardioplegia, regional left ventricular performance was monitored in 20 adult male patients undergoing saphenous vein bypass operation. Twelve patients received ischemic arrest (Group 1), and 8 received potassium cardioplegia (Group 2). Groups 1 and 2 did not differ in left ventricular ejection fraction (0.62 versus 0.60), number of bypassed vessels (3.7 versus 3.4), mean cross-clamp time (75 versus 63 minutes), or mean cardiopulmonary bypass time (182 versus 170 minutes). Before cardiopulmonary bypass was begun, a pair of ultrasonic crystals was secured in the left ventricular anterior myocardium to measure segment motion and a micromanometer-tipped catheter was placed in the left ventricular chamber. All patients received a saphenous vein bypass graft to a vessel supplying the anterior left ventricular wall in the region of the ultrasonic crystals. Comparison of changes in systolic measurements revealed no significant differences between Groups 1 and 2. After saphenous vein bypass grafting, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (11.4 to 17.0 mm HG) and modulus of left ventricular segment stiffness (0.37 to 0.67, p less than 0.02) were elevated in Group 1 but no changes were observed in Group 2 (14.0 to 15.6 mm Hg, and 0.16 to 0.24, respectively). Compared with hypothermic ischemic arrest, hypothermic potassium cardioplegia is not associated with an increased left ventricular diastolic stiffness shortly after saphenous vein bypass grafting in humans. PMID- 6971075 TI - Myocardial protection from permanent injury during aortic cross-clamping: effectiveness of pharmacological cardiac arrest combined with topical cardiac hypothermia. AB - In two groups of animals (6 and 9 dogs), the aorta was cross-clamped 60 and 90 minutes, respectively, during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Immediately after cross-clamping, pharmacological cardiac arrest was induced by injecting 100 ml of a cold cardioplegic solution into the aortic root. Topical cardiac hypothermia was added. In hearts undergoing 90 minutes of ischemia, a repeat injection of the cardioplegic solution was done at 45 minutes. In 14 dogs (control group), only topical cardiac hypothermia was instituted for myocardial protection during 60 minutes of ischemia. Seven weeks after operation the surviving animals (6 in each group) were killed. Study of myocardial performance failed to demonstrate significant differences among the groups. Microscopic examination of transmural samples taken from anatomically defined sides of both ventricles, disclosed isolated, punctuate subendocardial scars in only 2 hearts of the control group. All the hearts having 90 minutes of pharmacological cardiac arrest and topical cardiac hypothermia exhibited diffuse fibrosis replacing 10 to 20% of the left ventricular myocardium. Extent and incidence of fibrosis were significantly higher in these hearts in comparison to those of the other groups. We conclude that pharmacological cardiac arrest plus topical cardiac hypothermia makes a safe and efficient method of myocardial protection during aortic cross clamping only if the ischemic intervals is limited to 60 minutes. It cannot prevent permanent myocardial injury if the ischemic arrest is extended to 90 minutes. PMID- 6971077 TI - Systemic effects of multidose hypothermic potassium cardioplegia. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in serum and urine potassium before, during, and after the administration of potassium cardioplegia using a solution containing 28 mEq/L of potassium chloride in 20 consecutive patients with acquired heart disease. The data obtained suggest that the concentration of potassium administered does not result in inordinately elevated serum potassium levels (peak, 4.6 +/- 0.18 mEq/L at 2 hours of multidose hypothermic potassium cardioplegia) during or after infusion. Additionally, the urinary excretion of potassium increased during infusion and eventually exceeded the amount of potassium infused. While hypothermic potassium cardioplegia appears to be a safe and efficient method of myocardial protection, continued surveillance of postoperative potassium levels remains necessary to detect obligatory urinary potassium excretion following cardiopulmonary bypass and operation. PMID- 6971078 TI - Intermittent venting of the left ventricle. AB - A technique is described for intermittent decompression of the left ventricle. This method provides all of the advantages of left ventricular venting while eliminating the hazards. The technique is most advantageous in coronary artery operations. PMID- 6971079 TI - Cotton gloves: useful aids to hold the heart during coronary artery operation. AB - A technique using cotton gloves to lift the heart up out of the pericardial cavity is described. The fingers can be used to widen the arteriotomy and to blot blood or cardioplegia solution in the arteriotomy. PMID- 6971080 TI - Behavioural and neurochemical proteins of 1-[1-([indol-3-yl] methyl) piperid-4 yl]-3-benzoylurea (Wy 25093) in rodents. AB - Wy 25093 is a novel, selective and potent inhibitor of the neuronal 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake process in vitro and in vivo. The compound was more potent than clomipramine and fluoxetine as an inhibitor of 5-HT uptake in vitro and did not significantly inhibit catecholamine uptake. In addition, Wy 25093 potentiated the behavioural syndrome induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and antagonised the hyperactivity produced by p-chloroamphetamine (P-CA). WY 25093 antagonised the (P-CA)-induced depletion of 5-HT in rat brain and reduced the probenecid-induced increase in rat brain 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5 HIAA). Acute administration of the agent to rats resulted in reduced 5-HIAA levels without affecting 5-HT; chronic treatment with the compound produced decreases in the levels of both 5-HIAA and 5-HT. It is concluded that Wy 25093 is a selective and potent inhibitor of the neuronal re-uptake process for 5-HT both in vitro and in vivo, and may possess potential antidepressant activity. PMID- 6971081 TI - Dna-Dna hybridization of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas sulfidophila strains. AB - The genetic relatedness of 21 Rhodopseudomonas strains has been studied by means of DNA-DNA hybridization. All strains included in the study belonged to the subgroup of the genus Rhodopseudomonas which is characterized by a short-rod to coccus morphology, a vesicular intracytoplasmic membrane system and carotenoids of the spheroidene group. Mol percentages guanine + cytosine ranged from 64 to 73, most strains having values between 68 and 72. With few exceptions, the hybridization data obtained were in agreement with the subdivision in three (or possibly four) species on the basis of classical taxonomy. Strain SCJ, formerly considered to be a somewhat atypical R. capsulata strain, is most probably R. sphaeroides strain and two out of seven strains that were received as R. sulfidophila did not fit in this species on the basis of the hybridization data. The results also showed that two undesignated strains that were previously thought to be related to R. capsulata (Hansen et al. 1975) cannot be assigned to this species and may be representatives of another species. The seven strains that required approximately 2.5% NaCl in the medium and that had been designated R. sulfidophila were found to synthesize far higher levels of bacteriochlorophyll during fully aerobic growth in the dark than the purple bacteria studied thus far. PMID- 6971082 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide vinblastine and nitracrine on bioelectric properties of the frog skin epithelium in vitro. AB - The influence of cyclophosphamide, vinblastine and nitracrine on the membrane sodium transport was studied using the frog skin epithelium and short-circuit current technique. Profound changes of bioelectric parameters were observed. The final effects showed a statistically significant drug-concentration dependence. A considerably weaker response of vinblastine-pretreated and nitracrine-pretreated epithelia to vasopressin was also observed. Basing on these observations and some other data obtained by different techniques, it is suggested that these drugs influence the function of the cellular membrane while making it less permeable in the case of cyclophosphamide or vinblastine and more permeable in the case of nitracrine. Presumably this initial effect has something to do with the final cytostatic effect of the drugs. PMID- 6971084 TI - A platelet stimulating fraction in human and animal tissues. PMID- 6971083 TI - Anticoagulants, venous thromboembolism, and the cancer patient. AB - The records of 32 cancer patients who were treated with heparin sodium and warfarin sodium for thromboembolic disease were reviewed. Standard techniques for anticoagulation were neither safe nor effective. Sixteen patients experienced 21 different hemorrhagic complications. Eight patients had major hemorrhages that led to cessation of therapy or death. Six of 32 patients had pulmonary embolisms while receiving anticoagulants. It is suggested that venous interruption may be a safer and more effective method of prophylaxis against pulmonary embolism in cancer patients. PMID- 6971085 TI - [New aspects of the theory inflammation (immune inflammation)]. AB - Immune inflammation (II) arises on the basis of immunopathological mechanisms and acquires certain qualitative and quantitative features. It develops in a sensitized host following a specific immune response. Several kinds of II are to be distinguished differing from each other by the prevalence of disorders in cellular or humoral immunity, the pattern of the antigen, involvement in the response of immunoglobulins of different classes, complement components and a set of mediators. According to Sell's scheme, six immunopathological mechanisms are distinguished which underlie the development of early (like immediate type hypersensitivity) or late (like delayed type hypersensitivity) immune inflammation. Sometimes humoral and cellular mechanisms alternate in II which is reflected in the morphological picture of inflammation. This is illustrated by an example of the study of tissue inflammatory reactions in the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis. Immune inflammation shows a trend to self-reproduction and continuous course with periods of remission and exacerbation of different durations. Timely recognition of immune inflammation is important both theoretically and practically. PMID- 6971086 TI - [Clinical session of the Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia]. PMID- 6971088 TI - Congenital X-linked incomplete achromatopsia. Evidence for slow progression, carrier fundus findings, and possible genetic linkage with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase locus. AB - Twenty-nine members of a black kindred with congenital X-linked incomplete achromatopsia were examined; nine affected males and seven carrier females were identified. The new findings of importance are the following: (1) this congenital disorder is a slowly progressive abiotrophy, with progressive macular scarring and cone dysfunction, rather than a stationary anomaly; (2) carrier females sometimes can be found by ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic abnormalities in the macula; and (3) genetic linkage studies give evidence against linkage with the locus for the Xg blood group, but they suggest possible linkage with the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase locus. PMID- 6971087 TI - [Results of spleno-renal anastomosis in the treatment of portal hypertension due to mansoni schistosomiasis. Apropos of a review of the literature]. AB - 1001 cases of spleno-renal shunts taken from 26 publications were selected after a literature review. The great majority of these were retrospective and had a very poor follow-up. The operative mortality levels were acceptable (4,5%) and the portal pressure decreased considerably. Nevertheless it has been shown that in 30,3% of the cases, thrombosis of the anastomosis developed. Recurrence of bleeding occurred in 16% of a population in which permeability of the anastomosis had not been controlled and it could be estimated that it goes up to 52% for the group with thrombosis of their anastomosis. Portal systemic encephalopathy varies with age, being 17% for people below 38,5% above 44 years of age. PMID- 6971090 TI - Chemotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the head and neck. A clinical update. AB - Optimal therapy for stage III and stage IV squamous carcinoma arising in the head and neck requires a multidisciplinary approach, including chemotherapy. Advances have identified several chemotherapeutic agents and combinations of agents that show substantial antitumor activity in this disease. While antitumor activity can be documented, experience indicates the duration of antitumor effect is short, and the toxicity may limit further therapy. To date, studies have not shown an advantage of combination chemotherapy over single agents. Theoretically, combination chemotherapy should increase patient survival through regression of the primary tumor as well as ablation of distant metastases. An analysis of recent trials with patients who received induction chemotherapy before definitive local treatment suggests that regression of tumor in stage III and stage IV lesions before definitive therapy may increase local treatment for regional disease. Randomized trials are needed to confirm or disprove the efficacy of combination chemotherapy for advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. PMID- 6971089 TI - Ocular manifestation of temporal arteritis. Immunological studies. AB - Since immunological mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of temporal arteritis, serum samples of 15 patients with ocular manifestations of temporal arteritis were investigated for the presence of circulating immune compleses (CICs) and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). In addition, the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and the complement components C3 and C4 were determined. In none of our patients could CICs be detected. Serum samples of two of the patients were positive for ANA. The values for IgG, IgM, C3, and C4 were within normal limits. Our data indicate that circulating C1q-binding immune complexes and ANAs are not the cause of ocular manifestation of temporal arteritis. This does not exclude the possibility that other forms of circulating immune complexes or the local formation of immune complexes might play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6971091 TI - Transhepatic embolisation of gastro-oesophageal varices in the management of variceal haemorrhage. AB - The difficulty of controlling variceal haemorrhage has led to the recent development of methods designed to sclerose the bleeding vessels. This study describes the application of percutaneous transhepatic portal catheterization with embolisation and sclerosis of varices in eight consecutive patients admitted with bleeding oesophago-gastric varices. Portal hypertension was documented and varices demonstrated in each case. Bleeding ceased rapidly in seven patients, two patients rebled 1-3 weeks after the procedure, and five patients were subsequently discharged from hospital. In no instance was death related to continued gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Initial experience with transheptic embolisation of bleeding oesophago-gastric varices indicates that this technique is effective in controlling variceal haemorrhage. PMID- 6971094 TI - Frequency response of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in the monkey. AB - The frequency response of the vestibulo-ocular reflex has been investigated in the alert monkey during sinusoidal rotation about a vertical axis ina frequency range of 0.001-0.5 Hz. Phase and gain of nystagmus slow phase velocity was determined. In the frequency range above 0.1 Hz, nystagmus slow phase velocity was in phase with (compensated for) head velocity. At lower frequencies, an increasing phase lead was present which could reach more than 90 degrees. Gain fell off correspondingly at low frequencies. Calculated time constants were 10-40 s in different monkeys. Animals which had been exposed to numerous previous rotary stimuli in the laboratory showed much shorter time constants than did "naive" monkeys. PMID- 6971093 TI - Variant angina--correlation of clinical, electrocardiographic and angiographic features: results of medical and surgical management. AB - Angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) was correlated with clinical features, electrocardiographic (ECG) findings and the results of medical management or aortocoronary bypass in 42 patients with angina at rest associated with transient ST segment elevation (variant angina). Patients were divided into three sub-sets based on the coronary arteriographic findings. On the basis of greater than 75% luminal diameter narrowing, 28 patients had multiple vessel, ten had single vessel and four had minimal (less than 50% narrowing) CAD. The angiographic sub sets did not differ significantly in age, sex, coronary risk factors, time from onset of rest pain to coronary angiography, or in the presence of arrhythmias during ischaemic episodes. Patients with multiple vessel CAD more commonly had prior coronary events (P less than 0.01), an abnormal baseline ECG (P less than 0.05) or both (P less than 0.001). These features did not distinguish patients with single vessel from those with minimal CAD. ST elevation in the inferior leads during episodes of myocardial ischaemia was more common (P less than 0.005) in patients with minimal CAD. Twenty--four patients with multiple vessel and six with single vessel CAD underwent aortocoronary by-pass surgery and relief of variant angina was achieved in all 25 long-term survivors during an average follow-up period of 36 months. Twelve patients (four of each subset) were treated medically. Among those with multiple vessel CAD, the small medically treated numbers precluded valid comparison of medical and surgical results. Patients with single vessel CAD followed for an average period of 17 months compared unfavourably with the operated group. Calcium antagonists with the operated group. Calcium antagonists or nitrates controlled variant angina in patients with minimal CAD followed for an average of 27 months. PMID- 6971092 TI - Cimetidine and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a double-blind controlled trial. AB - Patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding from a variety of lesions were admitted to a prospective double-blind controlled trial to determine if cimetidine reduces the severity of bleeding and/or the incidence of rebleeding. During the first 48 hours, the patients received intravenous cimetidine (200 mg four-hourly) or placebo, and for the following ten days, oral cimetidine (1 g/24 hr) or placebo. Eight-eight patients entered the trial of whom 45 (51%) were in the cimetidine-treated group. Six of the seven patients requiring surgery for life-threatening bleeding and four of the six patients who rebled were in the cimetidine-treated group. This study failed to demonstrate any advantage of using cimetidine routinely in the treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6971097 TI - The effect of nitrous oxide-induced inactivation of vitamin B12 on the activity of formyl-methenyl-methylenetetrahydrofolate synthetase, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase and formiminotetrahydrofolate transferase. PMID- 6971095 TI - Quantitative analysis of neutral glycosphingolipids from human lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - The glycosphingolipids of normal human lymphocytes from individual donors were analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In addition, purified T- and B lymphocytes were examined separately. Lactosylceramide was shown to be the major neutral glycosphingolipid in human lymphocytes, and monohexosylceramide, trihexosylceramide, globoside and paragloboside were all detected in smaller amounts. Analysis of purified B- and T-cell fractions revealed that each of these populations contained a similar qualitative profile for neutral glycosphingolipids, but that quantitatively, B-cells contained several times more of each glycosphingolipid per cell than did T-cells. PMID- 6971096 TI - Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. A new, rapid, sensitive radiometric assay and its application to the study of the enzyme in rat tissues. AB - A simple and convenient assay for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase has been developed. This depends on the conversion of D-[ring-2-14C]tryptophan to [14C]formate, excess substrate is removed by adsorption onto charcoal. This assay, which is 20 fold more sensitive than previous procedures, is applicable both to crude extracts and to large numbers of samples. Activity in rat tissues is very much lower than in those of the rabbit; measureable activity is found only in the stomach, spleen, intestine and kidney. Enzyme activity in the rat intestine was increased by 50% in rats pretreated with L-tryptophan. PMID- 6971098 TI - The effects of phenobarbitone on urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion and hepatic enzyme activity in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). PMID- 6971099 TI - The effect of sodium bisulphite on nicotinic cholinoceptors in the frog rectus abdominis muscle. PMID- 6971100 TI - Flow cytometry and cytoadherence studies of sera from children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and normal controls. AB - Recently, antibodies reactive with T cell subpopulations have been reported to exist in children with active juvenile arthritis (JRA). In an attempt to verify and extend these observations, we have studied children with JRA for the presence of anti-T cell antibodies by flow cytometry and cytoadherence rosette techniques. T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) by two methods: 1) Differential sedimentation of PBL rosetted with neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes, and 2) removal of immunoglobulin positive PBL by rosetting with rabbit anti-human F(ab')2 coated bovine erythrocytes and differential sedimentation. Utilizing these methods to detect lymphoreactivity of JRA sera to either population of T cell isolates, we observed the binding of ultracentrifuged normal human sera (NHS) to be comparable to JRA sera (active and quiescent). NHS reacted with 15-25% of T cells. Further studies demonstrate that monomeric IgG was chiefly responsible for lymphoreactivity. The results of these studies are discussed in the context of previous observations. PMID- 6971101 TI - Connective tissue activation. XX. Stimulation of prostaglandin secretion by mediators from lymphocytes (CTAP-I) and platelets (CTAP-III). PMID- 6971104 TI - Development of antinuclear antibodies during minoxidil therapy. PMID- 6971102 TI - Production of agglutinators and rheumatoid factors in plasma cells of rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovial tissues. AB - Immunohistochemical studies were performed in synovial tissues from 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 9 with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), 7 with psoriatic arthritis, and 4 with various rheumatic diseases. Overall synthesis of IgG- and/or IgM-rheumatoid factor (RF) was found in all patients with seropositive RA and JRA, in 75% of patients with seronegative RA, and in 1 patient with psoriatic arthritis. Agglutinator producing cells were found in 77% of the samples from seropositive RA and in 44% and 56% from seronegative RA and JRA patients, respectively. The percentage of IgG plasma cells synthesizing one or more of the 5 types of agglutinators studied was approximately 10% of plasma cells synthesizing IgG-RF. Intercellular and intracellular immune complex deposits were also found in patients with seropositive and seronegative RA and JRA. These findings suggest that synthesis of agglutinators by synovial tissue plasma cells of RA and JRA patients is a distinct--but definitely less prominent- function than that of RF synthesis. PMID- 6971105 TI - Polyclonally triggered B cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of normal individuals and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Numbers of B cells spontaneously secreting Ig (IgG, IgA, and IgM) were determined by a plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay simultaneously in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of normal individuals, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Normal individuals had 382 (+/- 89) PFC per 10(6) mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. Patients with either active or inactive Sjogren's syndrome had normal numbers of spontaneous Ig secreting cells in peripheral blood (P greater than 0.2). Conversely, patients with inactive as well as active SLE had markedly increased spontaneous PFC (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001, respectively). Patients with active SLE had significantly greater PFC than patients with inactive SLE; 3,984 (+/- 960) versus 1,605 (+/- 527) PFC per 10(6) mononuclear cells (P less than 0.05). The lack of increased numbers of activated B cells in the blood of patients with Sjogren's syndrome was not explained by a preferential sequestration of activated B cells in the bone marrow. However, of particular interest was the finding that the bone marrow served not only as a major source of virgin B cells but as a lymphoid organ of either in situ activation of B cells or sequestration for activated B cells. Normal individuals had approximately a 20-fold relative increase of activated B cells per 10(6) mononuclear cells in the bone marrow compared to peripheral blood, while patients with inactive and active SLE both had a 35-fold relative increase in activated B cells in bone marrow compared to peripheral blood. The potential relevance of circulating activated B cells and their sequestration in lymphoid organs is discussed concerning the discrepancy in this regard between Sjogren's syndrome and SLE, and our understanding of the significance of polyclonal B cell activation in the pathogenesis of these diseases. PMID- 6971103 TI - A sensitive solid phase microradioimmunoassay for anti-double stranded DNA antibodies. AB - A sensitive solid phase microradioimmunoassay has been developed for measurement of antidouble stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies. In this procedure, advantage has been taken of the capacity of poly-L-lysine (PLL) to facilitate the binding of pure dsDNA to plastic surfaces. In the absence of PLL, binding did not occur. Diluted sera were incubated in PLL-treated dsDNA-coated microtitration trays and anti-dsDNA Ig measured using affinity purified 125I-anti-Ig of high specific activity. The synthetic DNA, poly dA-dT, was used as a model for dsDNA. In initial experiments, specific anti-DNA binding could not be demonstrated because of high background binding of patient Ig to PLL-treated surfaces. This was reduced by diluting test sera and anti-Ig in buffer containing 2% BGG and 1% BSA. Specificity of the assay for DNA was demonstrated by absorbing the anti-DNA activity on DNA-coated plastic. The binding of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient serum Ig to poly dA-dT coated trays did not diminish after digestion with nuclease S1, suggesting that the synthetic polymer is an appropriate model for dsDNA. Patient and normal sera were screened for anti-dsDNA activity using poly dA-dT as antigen. None of the 38 normal sera, 23 of 35 active SLE sera, 1 of 25 treated SLE, 4 of 35 rheumatoid arthritis, 3 of 35 scleroderma, and 1 of 13 polymyositis sera demonstrated positive anti-dsDNA activity. The anti-dsDNA values obtained in the radioimmunoassay correlated significantly with those obtained in the Crithidia luciliae assay. PMID- 6971107 TI - Hypothalamic hypopituitarism presenting with rheumatologic symptoms. PMID- 6971108 TI - [On the pharmacokinetics of tiaprofenic acid and its possible interactions with acetylsalicylic acid and aluminum hydroxide (author's transl)]. AB - To clarify the question whether pharmacokinetic properties of tiaprofenic acid (presumable trade name Surgam) can be changed by simultaneous application of aluminum hydroxide or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) a randomized study of 7 healthy volunteers was carried out. The results show that the bioavailability as well as the pharmacokinetic profile of orally administered tiaprofenic acid is not changed by the mentioned compounds. PMID- 6971109 TI - [Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of etofenamate/ Determination, method and use in biological material (author's transl)]. AB - Etofenamate in biological specimen can be determined by gas-liquid chromatography with etofenamate benzyl ether as internal standard. Determination in urine is done directly after extraction and concentration, whereas plasma and homogenates from organs have to be prepurified by thin-layer chromatography. Unchanged etofenamate is found in small amounts in human urine (0--4, 6--6, 6--8 h p. appl.). Inflamed rat paws after local application contain up to 75 microgram etofenamate/g in comparison to only 2 microgram flufenamic acid/g tissue. Both compounds are also found in non-inflamed paws, contents being only 3--4% as compared to the inflamed tissue. Elimination of etofenamate from the inflamed area occurs with a half-life of approx. 8.5 h. These results from gas-liquid chromatography correspond to results from t.l.c./fluorescence measurements. PMID- 6971110 TI - [Studies on metabolism and elimination of etofenamate by dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Renal elimination of etofenamate was studied after oral (200--1200 mg/kg) and intravenous (75 mg/kg) application to dogs. Free flufenamic acid and total fenamates (except phenolic metabolites) were determined. In accordance with other N-arylanthranilic acid derivatives after etofenamate only small amounts are renally eliminated; these results are specific for dog and differ to other animal species. Renally eliminated amounts (up to 8%) are not dependent on dose, the i.v. results also being in the same range. Proportions of free flufenamic acid is small in comparison to total fenamates. Renal elimination occurs preferentially on the first day after application. Biliary elimination of etofenamate and its metabolites was investigated after intravenous as well as intragastric application. Intact etofenamate was found after i.v. and i.g. application, part of it being conjugated. Hydroxyderivatives of Etofenamate (eto) were identified: 5-OH-eto (i.v. and i.g.), 4'-OH-eto (i.v.) and the 5.4'-dihydroxy-eto (i.g.). A further eto-derivative found after i.v. application could not be characterized. Amounts of flufenamic acid (flu) and its hydroxyderivatives (esp. 5-OH-flu) were increased after hydrolytic degradation. These results show that metabolic degradation does not occur primarily be conversion to flufenamic acid; etofenamate itself is degraded by hydroxylation and/or conjugation and subsequent formation of the corresponding flufenamic derivatives. PMID- 6971106 TI - T gamma subset specificity of lymphocyte reactive factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus sera. AB - Sera from 34 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), 31 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 22 normal controls were studied for microcytotoxicity before and after clearing in the ultracentrifuge. Normal T cells as well as T gamma and non-T gamma subpopulations were used. Before ultracentrifugation all test sera showed apparent T gamma cell specificity in the microcytotoxicity assay where rabbit complement was added. JRA and SLE sera produced much higher proportions of cell killing than normal controls. Ultracentrifugal clearing resulted in marked diminution in microcytotoxicity of JRA and some SLE sera. However, a considerable proportion of lupus sera continued to show T cell subset cytotoxicity after ultracentrifugal clearing. No evidence for significant alteration of T gamma rosetting capacity was recorded when ultracentrifuge-cleared test sera were preincubated with T cells prior to T gamma EA rosette formation. Apparent T gamma cytotoxic specificity in some uncleared JRA and SLE sera may relate to high molecular weight materials (IgM and immune complexes) present in such samples, whereas in others it relates to lymphocyte reactive antibody with subset reactivity. PMID- 6971111 TI - New chemotherapeutic nitroheterocycles active against 5-nitroimidazole-resistant strains of trichomonads. AB - The synthesis and the trichomonacidal activity of some 4-substituted 2 imidazolylquinazoline derivatives are described. The new compounds were highly active against metronidazole-sensitive and metronidazole-resistant strains of trichomonads. This was demonstrated in vitro as well as in various trichomoniasis models in mice and rats after oral treatment. PMID- 6971112 TI - Piroxicam pharmacologic activity and gastrointestinal damage by oral and rectal route. Comparison with oral indometacin and phenylbutazone. AB - An experimental comparative study was conducted on 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(2 pyridyl)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide (piroxicam), indometacin and phenylbutazone for antiinflammatory and analgesic effects and for gastric and intestinal damage. In some of the experimental models used a comparison was made between oral and rectal piroxicam. The upshot was that: the antiinflammatory activity of piroxicam on carrageenin edema in the rat is equivalent by oral and by rectal route, about twice that of indometacin and 20 times that of phenylbutazone. The inhibition of leucocyte migration in the rat was equal to that of indometacin and 20 times that of phenylbutazone. The analgesic activity of piroxicam (phenylquinone writhings in the mouse) was about 1/4 that of indometacin and 70 times that of phenylbutazone. The ulcerogenic effect of piroxicam on the stomach of the rat was about 1/3 that of indometacin and 5 times greater than that of phenylbutazone. Rectal administration halves the ulcerogenic effect of oral piroxicam. The intestinal perforating effect of piroxicam in the rat is about 1/6 that of indometacin and about 15 times that of phenylbutazone. The therapeutic index, i.e., the ratio of antiinflammatory potency to gastrointestinal damage, proved to be appreciably higher for piroxicam than for the two reference standards. Rectal administration carries an even higher therapeutic index and so appears to be a potentially valuable alternative route in clinical practice. PMID- 6971113 TI - [Metabolism of etofenamate / Identification and analytic of metabolites, their pharmacological properties and species dependence of metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - After oral application of etofenamate to animals (rat, rabbit, dog, monkey) unchanged etofenamate and numerous metabolites are found in urine. Analytical properties (thin-layer chromatographic behavior, UV- and fluorescence data) of etofenamate, 5-hydroxy-, 4'-hydroxy, 5,4'-dihydroxy-etofenamate, flufenamic acid, 5-hydroxy-, 4'-hydroxy-, 5,4'-dihydroxy-flufenamic acid are described. Derivatives of etofenamate and flufenamic acid are excreted by rabbit, dog, monkey and man, whereas flufenamic acid derivatives are excreted preferentially by rats; profound degradation takes place in dogs. Metabolism in man is more similar to monkey than to dog and rodents. Metabolic pattern after oral and cutaneous application is quite similar. The six hydroxy derivatives have no pharmacological activity--they do not contribute to the pharmacological action of the substance. PMID- 6971114 TI - Some pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability by oral and rectal route of piroxicam in rodents and in man. AB - In a comparative study on rodents and on man the fundamental pharmacokinetic properties of 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide (piroxicam) were assessed and the bioavailability of the drug after oral and rectal administration was determined. It was found that: the plasma half life is much longer in man (ca. 35 h) than in rodents (3--5.5 h in the rabbit, 5 h in the rat and mouse). The long plasma disappearance time in man is attributed to the relatively strong binding with the plasma proteins. A thorough pharmacokinetic analysis in the rabbit revealed a two-compartment distribution of the drug with an intercompartmental t 1/2 0.67 h and an excretion + metabolisation t 1/2 of 3.16 h. The extremely low excretion of the drug as such or as the glucuronide in the bile and urine suggests that the main excretion route is metabolic. The rectal bioavailability is similar to the oral bioavailability both in rabbit and rat and in man. Comparison of the AUC after i.v. injection with the AUCs after oral and rectal administration in the rabbit seems to show that absorption by rectal and oral route is quantitative. PMID- 6971115 TI - [Is aortocoronary bypass indicated in patients with lesions of the common trunk of the left coronary artery incapable of complete revascularization?]. AB - Obstructive lesions of the left common coronary trunk need surgery if our operability criteria: possibility of at least making a by-pass on the left descending anterior coronary branch and a not seriously compromised miocardial contractility exist. Of the 25 patients operated, there was a mortality of 8% and 3 intra-and post-operatory infarcts; two other patients died after some time (one for extracardiac causes). Other infarcts were not observed. 48% of the patients had incomplete riva-scolarization which after some time had an effect on the objective state of the patients but not on their survival. The authors conclude their studies by affirming that total surgical correction is indicated even on non susceptible patients on the basis of coronarography. PMID- 6971116 TI - Skin lesions in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: histological and immunological studies. AB - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with drysproteinaemia is reported (AILD) in four patients with different skin pictures. As the disease progresses two main forms predominate; papulonodular and erythroderma. In all cases the histological picture of the skin mirrors that of the lymph-node. Our results point to an increase in the peripheral blood, lymph-nodes and skin of T and subsequently of B lymphocytes suggesting that a proliferation of helper T cells and hence activation of the B-cell subpopulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of some cases of AILD. PMID- 6971119 TI - HLA-DR3 in dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - Twenty-one patients with dermatitis herpetiformis were typed for HLA-ABC and -DR determinants. The incidence of HLA-AI, -B8 and -DR3 antigens was found to be significantly higher (P: = 10(-3), less than 10(-6) and less than 10(-6), respectively) among patients with dermatitis herpetiformis than among the normal population. HLA-DR3 was found in 85.7% of patients, HLA-B8 in 66.7% and HLA-AI in 61.9% only. These results indicate that HLA-DR3 is the antigen primarily associated in dermatitis herpetiformis and the latter antigens (HLA-AI and -B8) are present in increased incidence, probably due to the known linkage disequilibrium of these antigens with HLA-DR3. PMID- 6971117 TI - T lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in the skin infiltrate of systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus and Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate. AB - T Lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes were measured quantitatively with the histochemical acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) method from paraffin sections of skin affected by systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus and by Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate. The composition of the patchy cutaneous mononuclear cell infiltrates was similar in these three disorders. PMID- 6971118 TI - The relevance of morphometry in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous T cell lymphomas. AB - Morphometric analysis of lymphoid cells in the skin was used to differentiate between cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL), i.e. mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS), and chronic benign skin diseases. In electronmicrographs of the skin lesions from twenty patients with CTCL (group I), fourteen patients with chronic benign skin diseases (group II) and twenty-nine patients suspected of CTCL (group III), the degree of nuclear indentation of lymphoid cells, expressed as the nuclear contour index (NCI), was measured. Analysis of the NCI histograms of the infiltrating cells of group I and group II permitted us to derive classification criteria for allocating all patients correctly with a high probability (greater than or equal to 95%) in the appropriate group. Only one case was classified with a low probability (71%). The classification criteria are based on the presence of cerebriform mononuclear cells (CMC) with highly indented nuclei (NCI greater than or equal to 11.5) and the frequency distribution of CMC in the skin infiltrates expressed as the 25th and the 70th percentiles of the NCI histograms (P25 + P70). When these criteria were tested on twenty-nine patients suspected of CTCL, twenty cases were classified as malignant, nine as benign. During the follow-up period, out of the twenty patients classified as malignant, seventeen patients appeared to have or develop MF, whereas two patients had lymphomatoid papulosis and one patient is still suspected of MF. Of the nine patients classified as benign, eight patients were proven to have benign skin diseases whereas one developed MF in the follow-up period of up to 4 years. The classification results based on morphometry proved to be more sensitive than those based on DNA cytophotometry. It is concluded that morphometric analysis of lymphoid cells in the skin is of diagnostic relevance in the differential diagnosis of CTCL. PMID- 6971121 TI - Active center studies on bacterial luciferase: modification of the enzyme with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. AB - Bacterial luciferase catalyzes the mixed-function oxidation of a long-chain saturated aldehyde and FMNH2 to yield the carboxylic acid, FMN, and blue-green light. The enzyme was inactivated by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (FDNB) with an observed second-order rate constant (k2(obsd) of 157 M-1 min-1 at pH 7.0, 25 degrees C; activity was not recovered upon treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol (thiolysis), demonstrating that the inactivation was the result of reaction with one or more amino groups. The dinitrophenyl (DNP) moiety was incorporated into the alpha subunit approximately twice as fast as it was incorporated into the beta subunit; the rate of inactivation was nearly identical with the rate of incorporation into the alpha beta dimer. The incorporation of 1 mol of DNP/alpha beta resulted in complete inactivation, demonstrating that modification of either alpha or beta is sufficient to cause inactivation. Incorporation of DNP into one subunit appeared to either block or decrease the rate of incorporation of DNP into the other subunit. The luciferase was protected from inactivation by binding of long-chain aldehydes or FMN. Following modification by FDNB, the enzyme had lost measurable FMNH2 binding. The apparent pKa of the amino groups, determined by analysis of the pH dependence of the inactivation reaction, was 9.4. This value is too high to allow correlation with the pH-activity profile of the enzyme [Nicoli, M. Z., Meighen, E. A., & Hastings, J. W. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 2385 2392]. The catalytic function, if any, for the reactive amino groups remains unknown. PMID- 6971120 TI - Increase in T gamma lymphocytes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. II. Correlation with clinical stage and findings in B-prolymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The proportion of T gamma and T mu lymphocytes was studied in 40 cases of B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and six of B-prolymphocytic leukaemia (B PLL). The significant increase in T gamma cells, previously reported in two small B-CLL series, was confirmed and shown to be directly correlated with the clinical stages of the disease (P less than 0.01 to less than 0.001). The normal T mu:T gamma ratio (2.3:1) was reversed in B-CLL (1:1.4) and B-PLL (1:1.9). The proportion of T mu cells was decreased but was not related to stage. Our findings suggest that the increase in T gamma cells may be responsible for the hypogammaglobulinaemia of B-CLL. This is supported by two sets of observations. First, serum Ig levels were more often normal in cases in Stages 0 and I than in Stages II-IV (P less than 0.05), while the levels of two or three Ig classes were below normal in Stages II-IV twice as frequently. Secondly, splenic irradiation in one case was followed by a fall in the absolute number of T gamma lymphocytes, a reversion to normal of the T mu: T gamma ratio and an improvement in serum Ig levels. Thus, the imbalance in ;the regulatory T-cell subsets may provide an important clue to understand the pathogenic mechanism of the immunodeficiency in the chronic B-cell leukaemias. PMID- 6971122 TI - Non-histone chromatin proteins of B lymphocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. III. De novo synthesis. AB - Nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins synthesised by mouse lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by the B lymphocyte mitogen, lipopolysaccharide, have been analysed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at early and later times after the onset of stimulation. During the first 4 h no change was observed in the electrophoretic profiles but differences in turnover of various nuclear proteins within the same sample were noted. This is contrasted with the previous observations that phosphorylation of nuclear proteins is stimulated within 2 h. (Stott, D.I. and Williamson, A.R. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 521, 739-752). During prolonged culture, synthesis of nucleoplasmic proteins declined between day 2 and day 3, being reduced to undetectable levels at the end of the 3-day culture period. In contrast, synthesis of many non-histone chromatin proteins was stimulated between 24 and 48 h, the time course and degree of stimulation varying between different proteins. Certain proteins appeared to be synthesized de novo. These events occur at a time of rapidly increasing IgM synthesis and cell differentiation. It is suggested that an initial step in B lymphocyte triggering may involve phosphorylation of preexisting nuclear proteins leading to gene activation followed by synthesis and phosphorylation of new gene regulatory molecules. PMID- 6971123 TI - Fractionation and partial characterization of alpha-1-protease isoinhibitors of horse. AB - The principal alpha-1-protease inhibitor of horse was fractionated by classical methods and analysed with a modified fibrinogen-agarose gel electrophoretic method of high sensitivity and resolving power. Starting with an electrophoretically homogeneous inhibitor in unfractionated serum, two isoinhibitor bands became apparent after fractionation with (NH4)2SO4 and DEAE cellulose DE-52 ion-exchange chromatography. The isoinhibitors differed in electrophoretic migration and in the elution pattern from Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, but possessed identical antigenic determinants and enzyme specificity. The slower migrating isoinhibitor with an apparent molecular weight of 90 000 could be highly purified. In contrast the faster moving isoinhibitor (molecular weight 65 000) could not be completely freed from a contaminating alpha-2-protease inhibitor. The formation of the two isoinhibitors is discussed considering conformational changes analogous to phenomena observed with alpha-2 macroglobulin, or dimer formation in combination with altered conformations. The isoinhibitors described here are new additions to the different heterogeneities which exist in alpha-1-protease inhibitors in horse. They also supplement the different heterogeneities which exist among the alpha-1-protease inhibitors of mammals. PMID- 6971124 TI - Purification and characterization of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor from microsomal fraction of normal human liver. AB - A plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was purified, for the first time, from the microsomal fraction of normal human liver by combined procedures of deoxycholate extraction, (NH4)2-SO4 precipitation, gel filtration and immunoadsorbent column chromatographies. The final yield of the material was approx. 15 mg/300 g liver. The preparation was shown to be homogeneous according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic and immunological criteria. The estimated molecular weight of the glycoprotein as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 53 000, a value comparable to that reported for plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. The liver material was, however, devoid of trypsin-, chymotrypsin- or elastase-inhibitory activity. The loss of activity could be due to deoxycholate treatment during the extraction procedure. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of reduced (beta-mercaptoethanol) and alkylated (iodoacetamide) preparation revealed no change in mobility suggesting the presence of only polypeptide chain. The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of the microsomal material were in close agreement with values reported in the literatures for the corresponding glycoprotein purified from the plasma. The liver microsomal alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor has a single amino terminal residue, namely, glutamic acid, as determined by the dansyl procedure, and a single carboxyl terminal residue, lysine as shown by the carboxypeptidase digestion method. These terminal amino acids are the same as those found in alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor purified from normal human plasma. PMID- 6971125 TI - Evaluation of the electron density profile of the frog rod outer segment disc membrane in vivo using x-ray diffraction. AB - The structure of the rod outer segment disc-membrane in vivo was studied by X-ray low-angle scattering. The experiments were made on frogs under narcosis. Diffraction patterns corresponding to a resolution of 1.5 nm could be obtained from the membrane stacks of the rod outer segment discs. For the analysis of the measured diffraction pattern a new special computer procedure was elaborated. Among other generalizations of the theory, it was taken into account that the electron densities in the inter- and intra-disc spaces differ from the mean electron density of the whole stack. The consideration of this possibility, together with an exact experimental measurement of the isotrope background scattering, led to a mathematically unique solution. The calculated electron density profile apparently is a distinct asymmetric bilayer. The electron density of the side of the membrane which is in contact with the disc lumen is higher than the electron density on the side in contact with the cytoplasm. Therefore, a localization of rhodopsin or of other high molecular proteins mainly on the cytoplasmatic edge of the membrane can be excluded for the rod outer segment discs in vivo. PMID- 6971126 TI - Electrophoretic measurements about the relation between transition voltage and zeta-potential of biological membranes. AB - The effects of inorganic cations, n-hexanol, saccharose and 2H2O on the electrophoretic mobility and zeta-potential of membrane vesicles from nerve myelin were measured and the results compared with the corresponding effects of the same reagents on the transition voltage, VTr, of the nerve axon membrane. Different cation concentrations and 2H2O affect both potentials, the zeta potential and VTr, in a parallel way. Saccharose and n-hexanol, however, shift VTr but leave the electrophoretic mobility of the myelin vesicles unchanged. These results suggest that VTr shifts are not necessarily linked to changes in the membrane surface charge density but may also be caused by an interaction between the reagent and non-polar groups of the membrane interior. PMID- 6971128 TI - The interaction of alpha 1-antitrypsin with trypsin, chymotrypsin and human leukocyte elastase as revealed by end group analysis. AB - Complexes of alpha 1-antitrypsin with trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, and human leukocyte elastase were purified and examined for amino-terminal sequences. These complexes were shown to possess the expected N-terminal sequences for alpha 1 antitrypsin and the corresponding enzymes; no newly generated amino groups could be detected. Each of these three complexes was dissociated at pH 10, and the inhibitor component was isolated. When the latter was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis a single band was obtained in all cases, and its molecular weight was judged to be 45 000 compared to 52 000 for alpha 1 antitrypsin. Examination of the N-terminal sequence of these modified inhibitors, however, disclosed the presence of two molecular species with different N termini. The predominant species had the N-terminal sequence previously reported for post-complex alpha 1-antitrypsin (Johnson, D. and Travis, J. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 7142-7144) and the same carboxyl sequence as alpha 1-antitrypsin. Present in lesser amounts was a species which had retained the same N-terminal sequence as alpha 1-antitrypsin, but of which the C-terminus was resistant to the action of carboxypeptidases A and B. From these results it is concluded that (1) alpha 1-antitrypsin is a double-headed inhibitor with identical but overlapping binding sites; (2) binding of the enzyme may occur at one of these two sites but not at both simultaneously, and (3) peptide cleavage does not occur as a consequence of the binding process but can be demonstrated only if the complex is dissociated. PMID- 6971127 TI - Cytosolic and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, liver. AB - The mitochondrial and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP: oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase(transphosphorylating), EC 4.1.1.32) occurring in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) liver were studied. The enzymes in th two intracellular compartments of both tadpole and adult frog liver were immunologically identical. Both radioactively-labelled forms of the mitochondrial and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from bullfrog liver were imported at the same rate into intact mitochondria in vitro. The mitochondrial and cytosolic enzyme activities did not respond to the administration of glucagon, glucocorticoid, quinolinate and D-mannoheptulose which are known as enhancers of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, but were found to increase during natural metamorphosis. The former activity was markedly increased in the tadpoles treated with 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. It was supposed that in the bullfrog liver the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase localized in the mitochondria is of central importance in phosphoenolpyruvate synthesis from oxaloacetate. PMID- 6971129 TI - Effects of ouabain on frog gastric mucosa in vitro. AB - The effect of the addition of ouabain to the nutrient solution was determined on resistance, potential difference (p.d.) and H+ secretion rate. In NaCl media, 10( 3) M ouabain decreased significantly the p.d. from 25.6 mV to 16.1 mV in 30 min and to 11.0 mV in 60 min. No significant changes occurred in resistance and H+ secretion rate. In Na2SO4 (Cl(-)-free) media, ouabain produced a biphasic effect on p.d. The p.d. changed from -28.0 mV (nutrient-negative) to a nadir of -37.4 mV in 7 min and then increased to -16.4 mV in 60 min. At the nadir there was no significant change in resistance or H+ secretion rate but at 60 min, unlike Cl- media, resistance increased by 36% and H+ secretion rate decreased by 43%. To decide whether the ouabain-caused decrease in H+ rate in Na2SO4 media was due to an effect on the H+ pump or on resistance of the return pathways, the voltage was clamped at 0 and 40 mV. Clamping the voltage showed that in the case of a marked decrease in the H+ secretion rate, the H+ transport mechanism itself was inhibited (and not the parallel pathway). The decrease in p.d. due to ouabain in Cl- and SO42- media indicates that the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase mechanism may be electrogenic. PMID- 6971130 TI - Preparation of colony stimulating activity from human leukemic urine: hydrophobic chromatography on propylamine-agarose. AB - Urinary colony stimulating factor (CSF) from human leukemic urine is retained on propylamine-agarose hydrophobic chromatography; about 70% of total activity is eluted by the addition of 1 M NaCl with significant increase in specific activity. Incomplete binding of urinary CSF to this resin further confirm that biological activity is a heterogeneous pool of different molecular species. Analysis of the macro- and microscopic composition of colonies indicates that CSF resulting from this purification step maintains the ability to stimulate both granulocytic and macrophage progenitors. PMID- 6971131 TI - Cold lymphocytotoxins in autoimmune haemolytic anemia. AB - 288 sera with red cell auto-antibodies and 141 control sera were investigated for cold lymphocytotoxins (CLCT). An incidence of 72% and 40% respectively was found in patients with cold haemagglutinin disease and in those with warm IgG type AHA. The absence of increased frequency in idiopathic or methyl-dopa induced asymptomatic red cell auto-immunization would suggest that CLCT might reflect an advanced degree of auto-immune disorder. No difference was observed in reaction patterns of isolated B and T lymphocytes or of those from individuals with I negative red cell phenotype. PMID- 6971132 TI - Antiglobulins in normal human sera which react with baboon Ig G. AB - Antiglobulins of the Ig M class which react with the Ig G of baboons have been discovered in approximately half the number of normal human sera investigated by the technique of hemagglutination of red blood cells coated with baboon immune serum. The frequency of these antiglobulins is significantly higher among patients suffering from seropositive rheumatoid arthritis but there is no correlation with the presence of Milgrom-type antiglobulins. The inhibition of several sera containing these antiglobulins by the sera of baboon of different species is also reported. PMID- 6971134 TI - Epithelial cell cultures from amniotic fluid for prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 6971133 TI - Evidence for cytotoxic functions in well-defined human T cell clones. AB - Long-term cultures of T lymphocytes from PBL of normal individuals and cancer patients grown in presence of TCGF exhibited cytotoxic activity directed against a variety of targets. In order to separate the subpopulations responsible for the different cytotoxic activities, cultured T lymphocyte cloning was performed. Production of T cell clones were obtained at a high yield by direct isolation and culture of single T cells. Preliminary analysis of cell-mediated cytotoxicity showed that 8 out of 11 clones were cytotoxic against both PHA pretreated L1210 and K562 target cells. In addition, within a clone, only a percentage of cells expressed the cytotoxic function. We suggested that this finding is due to the different stage of maturation of the cloned cells and this hypothesis correlate with their morphology, which is not identical for all the cells within a clone. PMID- 6971135 TI - [Effect of electroacupuncture on signs of emotional stress caused by pain]. AB - The experiments on male white rats have shown that electroacupuncture of the point analog Da-Djuy abolished the consequences of pain-induced acute emotional stress. The stress-protective action of electroacupuncture was comparable with the effect of diazepam in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg and resulted in a significant reduction of the number of gastric erosions and in emotional reactivity, as well as in the increased aggressiveness as compared with the control group exposed to stress. The data obtained are discussed from the standpoint of electroacupuncture and diazepam action on the antinociceptive mechanisms of the brain. PMID- 6971136 TI - A colony assay for blast cell progenitors in non-B non-T (common) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - A clonal method in cell culture is described that permits the quantitation of blast precursors in common (non-T, non-B) ALL; the method also yields information about progenitor properties, based on analysis of cells in colonies. The technique is identical to that used successfully for normal and malignant B-cell progenitors except that it requires culture at below O2 tension (5%-7%); mononuclear cells from blood or marrow are depleted of T cells and cultured with media conditioned by T cells in the presence of phytohemagglutinin and irradiated T cells. Cultures are incubated for 5-7 days in a moist atmosphere at 5% CO2 and 5%-7% O2. Colonies were obtained from marrow or blood of 16 of 18 ALL patients. Cells in colonies had the same characteristics (E-, slg-, cALL+ and clgM+ or clgM ) as the cells in the patient. By replating pooled colonies, self-renewal of progenitors was shown. The findings are considered in light of a model of leukemic blasts that depicts such populations as lineages maintained by progenitors that either renew themselves or give rise to blast cells with little or no proliferative capacity. PMID- 6971137 TI - Malignant monoblasts can function as effector cells in natural killer cell and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays. AB - This is the first report describing natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of malignant monoblasts. Pure acute monoblastic leukemia was diagnosed in bone marrow aspirations from two patients by use of conventional cytochemical methods as well as multiple immunologic techniques including detection of ALL antigens and terminal transferase. The malignant cells were subsequently found to be potent effectors in NK and ADCC assays. Addition of partially purified alpha-interferon to the in vitro cultures was found to have an enhancing effect on NK activity, whereas no modulation was seen in ADCC. These findings are discussed in the light of our present knowledge of lymphoid NK cells. PMID- 6971138 TI - Influence of the spleen on the blood distribution of the leukocytes producing colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in man. AB - The colony-stimulating activity (CSA) produced by the blood leukocytes has been studied before and after epinephrine administration in ten normal, 15 splenomegalic, and seven splenectomized subjects through a double layer agar culture system. A significant increase of mean values of the CSA per milliliter produced by blood monocytes has been observed after epinephrine administration in the groups of normal and of splenomegalic subjects. In the group of splenectomized subjects the baseline mean value of CSA per milliliter of blood was higher than those observed in the other groups, but it did not show any increase after epinephrine infusion. The CSA produced by 10(6) blood leukocytes was similar in all three groups of subjects, and it was not similarly modified by epinephrine administration. Our results seem to indicate that the leukocytes producing CSA are distributed within two rapidly exchangeable blood compartments, the spleen representing an important section of the marginal compartment of blood monocytes. PMID- 6971140 TI - Behaviour and pathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis in epithelial cell cultures: a study by light and scanning electron microscopy. AB - The behaviour and pathogenic effects of Trichomonas vaginalis in mammalian cell cultures were studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Six hours after inoculation of the parasites into the cell cultures about 10% of the epithelial monolayer was destroyed. The parasites adhered to the epithelial cells, developed an amoeboid morphology, and crawled over and under the monolayer of cells. These observations suggest that the adhesiveness, amoeboid morphology, and motility of T vaginalis may be important mechanisms in the injury caused to the vaginal epithelium. PMID- 6971139 TI - Induction of anesthesia for aortocoronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6971142 TI - Interaction between amino acid induced and K+-induced depolarization of primary afferents in the bullfrog spinal cord. AB - In view of the possible contribution of both gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and K+ to primary afferent depolarization (PAD) it was of interest to study the way in which depolarizations caused by administration of these agents combine at the primary afferent membrane. GABA (and glutamate) depolarizations of bullfrog afferents were found to be reduced if they were superimposed on ongoing K+ induced depolarizations. The extent of reduction was greater with K+ depolarizations of increasing size. The contribution of GABA to PAD should therefore be greatest when extracellular K+ is low, such as during single volleys or low frequency afferent activity. The effect of temporal order of administration on the summation of amino acid and K+ responses was tested by reversing the order of their application. GABA could not be used in this test because GABA depolarizations rapidly desensitize. However, when K+ depolarization was superimposed on maintained glutamate depolarization, the total depolarization was equal to the sum of depolarizations observed when glutamate and K+ were given alone (linear summation). Therefore, the temporal order of administration of amino acid and K+ affects the size of the total depolarization. No evidence was found for a superadditive effect when amino acid and K+ were applied together. PMID- 6971141 TI - Cell interactions in concanavalin A activated cation flux and DNA synthesis of mouse lymphocytes. AB - Co-culture at constant cell density of nude mouse spleen cells (by themselves unresponsive to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A)), with congenic T enriched lymphocyte suspensions and Con A caused anomalously high activation of K+ transport (measured by 86Rb uptake) and of incorporation of thymidine into DNA; the expected dilution of these two responses by nude spleen cells did not occur. However, if the nude splenocytes were added immediately prior to assay to the enriched T cells that had been precultured in presence of Con A, the expected dilution of the activated T-cell responses occurred; both 86Rb uptake and thymidine incorporation were reduced proportionally to the degree of dilution of the T cells by the nonresponding cells. These data indicate that during co culture in presence of Con A there is interaction between the T cells, capable of responding to mitogens, and the nude spleen cells. Attempts to demonstrate a diffusible factor in the supernatants of stimulated T cells were unsuccessful. The measured interaction is sufficient to explain our previous paradoxical findings that enrichment of T cells as measured by membrane markers did not cause a corresponding enrichment for either cation transport or for thymidine incorporation, and that depletion of T cells in the B-enriched cultures did not cause a corresponding decrease in these two Con A induced responses. PMID- 6971143 TI - The transport of dipeptides by the small intestine. AB - During steady-state transfer across the vascularly perfused anuran small intestine, the intracellular concentration of L-leucine never exceeded its concentration in the lumen. However, during periods of stopped vascular flow accumulation did occur and this was dependent upon the presence of sodium in the luminal solution. Similar observations were made for leucine from the dipeptides L-leucylglycine and glycyl-L-leucine, although the intracellular accumulation of leucine from these peptides in the presence of sodium was considerably lower than from the free amino acid. In contrast, the dipeptide L-carnosine (beta-alanyl-L histidine) was not accumulated by the tissue in the presence or absence of luminal sodium. Also, the uptake of this poorly hydrolyzed peptide by tissue rings was unaffected either by sodium substitution or by the presence of L leucylglycine, glycyl-L-leucine, or glycyl-L-proline. Only free L-leucine was found to inhibit the peptide's uptake significantly. It was concluded that there are two routes of uptake for amino acids from dipeptides. One is shared with free amino acids and is sodium dependent and concentrative. The other "peptide route" is nonconcentrative and not influenced by luminal sodium. Carnosine appears to be taken up by a second, apparently sodium-independent route. PMID- 6971144 TI - The effect of monovalent cations upon 45Ca fluxes in frog sciatic nerve. AB - Investigation of Ca fluxes in desheathed bundles of myelinated nerve of frog indicates an intracellular Ca concentration of 5 x 10(-4) mol . kg-1 (axoplasm) and an average transmembrane flux of 6 x 10(-8) mol. kg-1 . s-1 at an extracellular Ca concentration of 1 mM. Replacement of extracellular Na by isosmotic sucrose increases Ca influx threefold and decreases efflux by 50%. Similar, but significantly smaller, effects are observed when Tris or choline are substituted for Na. Li replaces Na without significant changes in Ca fluxes. The data demonstrate that Ca transmembrane fluxes in this preparation are sensitive to changes in the Na gradient. The observed flux changes, however, are too small to establish a Na-Ca exchange as the sole homeostatic mechanism for intracellular Ca. Moreover, as Li appears to serve as a good Na substitute and even Tris and choline interact with Ca flux, the exchange does not show the specificity described for squid axon. PMID- 6971145 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in a southern prefecture in Japan: an analysis in 715 cases. AB - As of March 1978, the prognosis was confirmed in 715 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases reported during the 12-year period from 1965 through 1976 in the Prefecture of Kagoshima. Included were 222 cases of extranodal lymphoma. Patients with the initial tumor site in the gastrointestinal tract and Waldeyer's ring had a relatively good probability of survival. Among the patients with cutaneous lymphomas, those with the mycosis fungoides type had a poor survival rate. In Kagoshima Prefecture, the survival curve for cases of nodal lymphomas is characteristically much poorer than those reported in the medical literature. Of the nodal lymphomas, the nodular type was found in 128 cases and the five-year survival rate was 15%, while the diffuse type accounted for 365 cases and the five-year survival rate was 8%. The paracortex type, considered to be of T-cell origin, accounted for 55 cases and the five-year survival rate was 0%. These differences were statistically significant. Based on our data, the classification of nodular lymphomas into subtypes according to the degree of nodularity was found to be useful since it was related to clinical stage and survival. Rappaport's cellular classification of diffuse lymphoma is related to prognosis and was found to be useful, but problems still remain in determining T- and B cell types by means of cellular morphology and thus further study is warranted. PMID- 6971146 TI - Role of cell-mediated immunity in tumor eradication by hyperthermia. AB - A single hyperthermic treatment (44.5 degrees for 20 min) which results in successful local control of a 7-day intradermally growing fibrosarcoma in intact mice fails to permanently control tumor growth in immunodeficient nu/nu (BALB/c) or immunosuppressed (whole-body radiation, 500 rads) mice. Studies were designed to determine whether humoral or cellular-mediated factors were responsible. Nude mice were reconstituted with either heterozygotic (nu/+) sensitized or nonsensitized splenic T-cells. Similarly, semisyngeneic immunosuppressed BALB/c x C57BL/6 F1 hybrids were reconstituted with homologous sensitized and nonsensitized T-cells or sera prior to hyperthermic treatment of a 7-day intradermal Meth-A implant. Successful local tumor control by hyperthermia was effected in those animals reconstituted with greater than or equal to 1.8 x 10(7) splenic T-cells but not in those with sera. The inhibition of macrophage activity (chronic silica, i.p.) could substitute for whole-body radiation immunosuppression. These studies indicate that a thermally induced tumor cure would appear to be mediated by an activated macrophage-antigen-T-cell interaction which may be dependent on the initial expression of cell-mediated antitumor immunity that may be generated only in response to immunogenic tumors. PMID- 6971147 TI - A murine B-cell lymphoma induced by Gross virus. AB - A B-lymphocyte tumor (MLB-MN line) was induced by Gross murine leukemia virus in Slc:ddY mice, successively passaged in normal adult mice, and adapted to tissue culture. The surface marker expression of MLB-MN was examined and found to include several markers that are known to occur in normal B-lymphocytes. The cells bore surface immunoglobulin M, detected by indirect immunofluorescence staining, and Fc receptors and complement receptors, detected by rosette formation. Thy 1 antigen and secretion of immunoglobulin were lacking. These results have led us to postulate that the origin of the MLB-MN tumor was a late differentiation stage of the B-lymphocyte. PMID- 6971148 TI - Heterogeneity of human thymocytes and a malignant T-lymphoblast cell line, MOLT 3. AB - The purpose of this paper was to study the heterogeneity of human thymocytes and leukemic cells of the T-cell line MOLT-3 by velocity sedimentation. Analysis of the subpopulations of thymocytes demonstrated that they represent a heterogeneous population of cells with respect to their size, proliferative activity, and presence and quantities of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and human thymus leukemia-associated antigen, a thymic isozyme of adenosine deaminase (HThy L/ADA). Only a minor subpopulation of thymocytes (large cells) was in active cycle. The highest level of HThy-L/ADA was associated with the main subpopulation of thymocytes sedimenting at 3 to 4 mm/hr while low amounts of the HThy-L/ADA antigen (enzyme) were found in the minor fractions of the small and large cells. The distribution of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive cells indicated that most, but not all, thymocytes contain the enzyme. Analysis of the T-cell line MOLT-3 showed that these cells could be separated into subpopulations with different biochemical and biological properties. More than one subpopulation of cells was capable of DNA synthesis. In contrast to the thymocytes, all fractions of MOLT-3 cells contained high amounts of HThy-L/ADA. The proportion of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive cells as a function of sedimentation velocity was also quite constant although there was a slight but reproducible drop in the percentage of these cells in the slowly sedimenting fractions. The percentage of cells with receptors for sheep erythrocytes also remained high in fractions separated on the basis of size, although a consistently higher percentage was found in smaller cells. These studies indicated that thymus cells as well as the malignant T-cell line MOLT-3 can be separated on the basis of sedimentation velocity into subpopulations with different biological and biochemical properties. The data also indicated that the heterogeneity of MOLT-3 line cannot be explained solely on the basis of volume changes due to cell cycle, suggesting that they may represent heterogeneous populations of cells. PMID- 6971149 TI - 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate transport by hepatoma cells and methotrexate-resistant sublines in culture. AB - The properties of the folate transport system in H35 hepatoma cells have been studied by measuring the transport of (+)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Using initial rates of uptake, it has been demonstrated that the uptake is saturable, carrier mediated, and shared by methotrexate. The accumulation of (+)-5 methyltetrahydrofolate is concentrative, demonstrating the presence of an active transport process. A previous study suggested that methotrexate-resistant sublines (H35R) acquired methotrexate insensitivity because of an impaired capacity for transport. This postulate was substantiated in the present investigation by several observations. The initial uptake and steady-state level of (+)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate were markedly reduced in the resistant sublines as was the case with methotrexate. Triazinate (2-(chloro-4-[4,6-diamino-2,2 dimethyl-S-triazine-1(2H)-ylphenoxyl])-N,N-dimethyl-m-toluamide . ethanesulfonic acid) an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase which enters the cells by a pathway independent of the folate coenzyme, was equally toxic to H35 cells and to an H35 subline resistant to 0.3 microM methotrexate. Resistant sublines that are insensitive to methotrexate up to 1 microM display a transport defect but have normal levels of dihydrofolate reductase. Sublines resistant to higher levels of methotrexate showed not only defective transport but also commensurate increases in dihydrofolate reductase. Attempts to demonstrate carried-dependent transport of (+)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate or methotrexate in resistant sublines were negative, suggesting the lack of a functional carrier. These properties were readily demonstrated in H35 cells and included temperature dependence, competition for uptake with analogs, and transstimulation. PMID- 6971150 TI - Management of unstable angina pectoris. PMID- 6971151 TI - [T-lymphocyte demonstration using the rosette test with AET-stabilized erythrocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971153 TI - Role of vasospasm in vein graft occlusion. PMID- 6971152 TI - A comparison of four media for the cultivation of Trichomonas vaginalis. PMID- 6971154 TI - Use of cloned populations of mouse lymphocytes to analyze cellular differentiation. AB - We describe a method for generation of homogeneous cell populations that each arise from clonal expansion of cells at a discrete stage of differentiation within a single lineage. We have used this to produce continuously propagatable lymphocyte clones. Each clone represents a cell at a progressive stage of thymus dependent cellular differentiation. These cloned cells bear stable surface membrane glycoproteins characteristic of precursor cells and mature progeny; conditions allowing maximal cloning efficiencies for each cell type (10-85%) have been established. Mature lymphocyte clones continue to express specialized function and provide material for biochemical analysis of T lymphocyte functions; one fully differentiated clone from the "inducer" lymphocyte set synthesizes a molecule that activates other lymphocytes to secrete immunoglobulin. This activity is associated with a highly purified molecule having a molecular weight of 45,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of approximately 6.0. This molecule, together with clones of precursor and mature T lymphocytes, may provide a system to further study the mechanisms of gene activation during cellular differentiation. PMID- 6971155 TI - Early antigen elimination by cytotoxic T cells results in diminished cellular immune responses to allogeneic tumor. PMID- 6971156 TI - Effect of lectins on the interactions between human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes. PMID- 6971157 TI - T-cell help in human in vitro antibody-producing systems: role of inhibitory T cells in masking allogeneic help. PMID- 6971159 TI - Theoretical considerations and probability models for the somatic development of the T-cell repertoire. PMID- 6971158 TI - Ontogeny of murine T lymphocytes. I. Maturation of thymocytes induced in vitro by tumor necrosis factor-positive serum (TNF+)1,2. PMID- 6971160 TI - Ontogeny of murine T lymphocytes. II. Postnatal appearance and organ distribution of lymphocytes bearing Qa-4 and Qa-5 surface antigens. PMID- 6971161 TI - The role of Ia antigens in the activation of T cells by concanavalin A: an evidence for the species restriction between T cells and accessory cells. PMID- 6971162 TI - Presence in unprimed mice of helper T cells specific for antigens closely related to self and their possible relevance to tumor immunology. PMID- 6971164 TI - The in vitro inhibition of migration of mouse spleen T lymphocytes. I. The response of sensitized T cells to specific antigen and of normal T cells to lymphokines. PMID- 6971163 TI - Induction and differentiation of B memory cells by a thymus-independent antigen, trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6971165 TI - Differential responsiveness to H-2-subregion-coded antigens in graft versus host and host versus graft reactions. PMID- 6971167 TI - Influenza A virus interaction with murine lymphocytes. III. Recirculating rat T and B cells differ on the basis of receptors for Cam (H1N1) virus. PMID- 6971166 TI - Expression of Ia antigens by mouse Peyer's patch cells. PMID- 6971168 TI - Monocyte-mediated suppression of lymphocyte cytotoxic activity for cultured autologous melanoma cells. PMID- 6971169 TI - Formation of heterophile antibodies by human tonsilar lymphocytes. II. In vitro stimulation with allogeneic cells. PMID- 6971170 TI - A study of the inability of subcellular fractions to elicit primary anti-H-2 cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6971171 TI - Mechanisms involved in the antibody-mediated suppression of tuberculin-type delayed hypersensitivity. II. The sensitivity of tolerance induction to cyclophosphamide pretreatment and splenectomy, and the demonstration of active suppression. PMID- 6971173 TI - Role of monocytes in pokeweed mitogen-induced differentiation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6971172 TI - Relationships between cell-mediated immunity and the IgE antibody response. II. Delayed hypersensitivity and antibody production to DNP-ascaris conjugates. PMID- 6971174 TI - Specific cooperative induction by KLH or invertebrate hemolymphs of mouse polyclonal T-cell-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 6971177 TI - Different H-2-subregion-coded antigens as targets for T-cell subsets synergizing in graft-versus-host reaction. PMID- 6971176 TI - Receptors specific for IgE on rat alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6971175 TI - Induction of immunity and specific unresponsiveness in vitro by cell-bound antigen. II. Cell types involved and absence of genetic restriction. PMID- 6971178 TI - Immunologic function and cell surface antigen expression of lymphocytes of dystrophic mice. PMID- 6971182 TI - The effect of thymosin alpha1 fragments on T-lymphocyte transformation in the uremic state. PMID- 6971183 TI - [Bietti's keratitis in the Republic of Djibouti]. PMID- 6971180 TI - Suppressive effect of X-irradiated tumor cell presensitization on the induction of syngeneic tumor immunity. II. Opposite effects of intravenous administration of TNP-conjugated tumor cells on the development of antitumor and anti-TNP-self cytotoxic effector cells. PMID- 6971179 TI - Helper cell function of human fetal thymocytes. PMID- 6971181 TI - Impaired generation of spontaneous and mitogen-reactive antitetanus toxoid antibody-producing B cells following repetitive in vivo booster immunization. PMID- 6971185 TI - Parasite related diarrhoeas. WHO Scientific Working Group. AB - This article reviews available knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, immunology, diagnosis, and therapy of parasite-related diarrhoeas of public health importance, primarily amoebiasis, giardiasis, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, balantidiasis, coccidioses, schistosomiasis, and capillariasis. Research priorities are recommended in each of these fields with the aim of developing better means of prevention and treatment. PMID- 6971184 TI - The control of leishmaniases. AB - Human leishmaniases are caused by at least 13 different species and subspecies of parasite of the genus Leishmania. These parasites are transmitted to man from other infected persons or mammals by sandflies when taking a blood meal. Leishmaniases have been reported from about 80 countries and probably some 400 000 new cases occur each year. Clinically the leishmaniases can be divided into three major groups: visceral leishmaniases, which are usually fatal if untreated; cutaneous leishmaniases, which often produce permanent facial disfigurement; and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis of the New World, which produces severe mutilation by destruction of the naso-oro-pharyngeal cavity and sometimes death. Since the various forms of leishmaniasis differ substantially from each other in their epidemiology, the strategy for control must be adapted to the local situation in each endemic area, after thorough ecological and epidemiological studies of the vectors, the hosts, and the landscape. If insufficient baseline information is available, failure of haphazardly applied control measures can be expected. Peridomestic insecticide spraying together with treatment of patients is effective in certain foci of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, urban visceral leishmaniasis, and uta. Extensive programmes to eradicate desert rodents, combined with land reclamation, resulted in a considerable decrease in the incidence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in vast areas of the USSR. Since control of zoonotic cutaneous/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis of the New World is hardly feasible at present, the only rational approach to prevent some of mucosal lesions is early diagnosis and radical treatment of patients with the rather unsatisfactory drugs at present available. PMID- 6971186 TI - Nutritional status of preschool children in Togo, 1976-77. AB - Survey teams visited 163 rural villages and 41 urban quarters in Togo and collected data on weight, height, arm circumference, age, and pedal oedema from 6120 children aged 6-72 months. Haemoglobin levels were determined for one-fifth of the survey children. When 80% of the reference median weight-for-height was used as the cut-off point, the prevalence of acute undernutrition was 2.0%. When 90% of the reference median height-for-age was used as the cut-off point, the prevalence of chronic undernutrition was 19.1%. The prevalence of both types of undernutrition was significantly higher in the northern rural regions, with the lowest prevalence in the urban areas. The prevalence of anaemia was 58.6%, with the highest prevalence in the northern regions. Anthropometric data on socioeconomically privileged preschool children were collected and compared with those for the survey children and the reference population. The socioeconomically privileged preschool group of Togolese children had a nutritional status substantially better than that of the survey children and nearly equivalent to that of the American reference population. The survey method was economical in terms of money, time, and personnel. The methodology employed rapidly provided objective data on the extent and distribution of protein-energy undernutrition and anaemia in the preschool children of Togo. PMID- 6971187 TI - Relationship between ABO blood groups and malaria. AB - A total of 736 patients with fever was tested for malaria and classified according to ABO blood group. Of these, 476 cases had patent parasitaemia at the time of investigation. The distribution of blood groups in this group was significantly different from that in 1300 controls from the same area. While group A was found to be more common in malaria cases than in normals, the reverse situation was found for group O. Possible explanations for this are discussed. PMID- 6971188 TI - [Treatment of onchocerciasis in hyperendemic communities in West Africa with small, gradually increasing doses of suramin. 1. Parasitological results and ophthalmological surveillance in a region where transmission has not been interrupted]. PMID- 6971189 TI - [Latency period in onchocerciasis]. PMID- 6971190 TI - Reduction of neonatal tetanus by mass immunization of non-pregnant women: duration of protection provided by one or two doses of aluminium-adsorbed tetanus toxoid. AB - Immunization of non-pregnant women in rural Bangladesh with two doses of aluminium-adsorbed tetanus-diphtheria toxoids reduced neonatal mortality by one third during a period of 9-32 months after vaccination. The reduction in mortality rate was attributable almost entirely to a 75% lower mortality rate among 4-14-day-old infants, when tetanus was the predominant cause of death.In the period up to 20 months following vaccination, the reduction in deaths among 4 14-day-old infants after a single dose of tetanus-diptheria toxoids was about the same as that after two doses. However, beyond 20 months a single dose did not appear to provide protection. PMID- 6971191 TI - Epidemiological studies of rubella virus in a tropical African community. AB - The single-radial-haemolysis test for antibody to rubella virus provides a simple rapid method for carrying out large serological surveys. The availability of a collection of sequential serum samples from inhabitants of two Gambian villages, Manduar and Keneba, made it possible to determine the pattern of rubella epidemics in these communities between 1966 and 1976. The serological findings indicated that an epidemic had occurred approximately two years before the commencement of the study. There was no further evidence of rubella infection until approximately 1973 when a large-scale epidemic occurred. Although the communities were monitored throughout the period of study there was no clinical evidence of infection and no cases of congenital rubella syndrome. PMID- 6971192 TI - An outbreak of type 2 dengue fever in the Seychelles, probably transmitted by Aedes albopictus (Skuse). AB - Between December 1976 and September 1977 the Seychelles group of islands in the Indian Ocean was struck by an extensive epidemic of dengue fever. The peak of the epidemic was in the last week of February. Type 2 dengue virus was isolated from patients and mosquitos. Aedes albopictus was the sole vector. The clinical picture was that of classical dengue. Haemorrhagic fever and the shock syndrome were not observed.Absenteeism from schools and offices, anamnestic questioning, and prevalence of antibodies in sera collected after the epidemic was over, indicated that approximately 75% of the population had been infected. Serological evidence was obtained of an epidemic of dengue in the islands more than 40 years earlier. This was confirmed by archival records. PMID- 6971193 TI - Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1980. AB - This article outlines the decisions made by the WHO nomenclature committee on leukocyte antigens at a meeting held after the 8th International Workshop on Histocompatibility Testing. Particular attention is given to new designations for provisional HLA-B and HLA-DR specificities and the upgrading of certain HLA-D and HLA-DR specificities to full HLA status. The existence of supertypic cross reacting specificities was confirmed and extended. PMID- 6971194 TI - Differences in response to anti-IgE and to anti-IgG in basophils from patients with bronchial asthma. AB - Peripheral blood basophils of thirty-eight patients with bronchial asthma were examined for their reactivity to anti-IgE and anti-IgG antisera. Basophils of patients with serum IgE levels of more than 1001 i.u./ml reacted strongly to anti IgE. Basophils of patients with serum IgE levels of less than 100 i.u./ml had a tendency to react more strongly to anti-IgG. An index (basophil ratio) was devised to compare the patient basophil reactivity to anti-IgE and anti-IgG. This basophil ratio was lower (IgE dominant) in the atopic cases which usually exhibited a high serum IgE level. Most cases with low serum IgE exhibited a high basophil ratio (IgG dominant). The basophils of seven intractable patients reacted more strongly to anti-IgG than to anti-IgE regardless of the serum IgE level. PMID- 6971195 TI - Hyperprolactinaemia during prolonged lactation: evidence for anovulatory cycles and inadequate corpus luteum. AB - Serum progesterone and prolactin were measured in single blood samples collected from 176 mothers during a lactation period of 2 years and from fifty-six non lactating, non-pregnant and regularly menstruating women from the Kivu region (Zaire). On the basis of serum progesterone levels, evidence of corpus luteum activity was obtained in 61% of non-lactating women; but only 20% of non amenorrhoeic lactating mothers. This suggests an increased incidence of anovulatory cycles and/or cycles with short luteal phases among nursing mothers. The incidence of corpus luteum activity was 8% in amenorrhoeic lactating mothers. In this 8% recurrence of ovulation preceded return of menstruation. Mean serum progesterone was significantly higher and serum prolactin significantly lower in the non-lactating women than in the nursing mothers. This suggests that although ovulation occurs, corpus luteum activity is inadequate in hyperprolactinaemic nursing mothers. PMID- 6971196 TI - Formalin-treated bacteria as selective B cell mitogens in the study of lymphocytes from patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. AB - Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I, Haemophilus influenzae, and Branhamella catarrhalis that stimulate human B lymphocytes, but not T lymphocytes, were used to study the B lymphocyte function in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. Lymphocytes from two patients with no circulating B cells were not stimulated to increased DNA synthesis by these bacterial mitogens. The lymphocytes of six patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia and normal numbers of circulating B cells responded to the bacterial mitogens but in five patients the response was decreased in comparison with healthy controls. PMID- 6971197 TI - In vitro production of IgE by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. II. Cells involved in the spontaneous IgE production in atopic patients. PMID- 6971198 TI - Formation of anti-N-like antibodies in dialysis patients: effect of different methods of dialyzer rinsing to remove formaldehyde. AB - Use of formalin to sterilize dialyzers is known to be responsible for the formation of anti-N-like antibody in long-term hemodialysis patients. Patients dialyzed as in-patients using formalin were found to be completely free of anti-N like antibody, while among those on home dialysis, there was a high prevalence (31%) and incidence. The hospital patients were found to be receiving concentrations of formaldehyde less than 1 microgram/ml while those on home dialysis received 3-13 micrograms/ml. This is offered as an explanation for the absence of anti-N-antibody in patients using formalin-sterilized dialyzers. PMID- 6971199 TI - The association of patient-held records and completion of immunizations. AB - Patient-held records have been advocated as a means of increasing knowledge of an compliance with the processes of health care. The association between one type of patient-held record, the immunization record, and completion of the recommended immunizations for the first year is examined. Immunization completion rates varied by socioeconomic and medical care use variables; but, for all variables studied, completion rates were higher for those infants for whom immunization records were available than those without such records. An experimental assessment of the usefulness of patient-held immunization records as a means of improving compliance and meeting national goals for levels of immunization is suggested. PMID- 6971200 TI - The electric blanket syndrome. A metaphor for family dysfunction. AB - One pattern of dysfunctional family interaction is described as a syndrome. Four case histories are presented in which different family members take polar positions on various continua. In one instance the continuum is oral communication, with garrulousness on one side and silence on the other. Another continuum is family responsibility, where one member of the family takes total responsibility and another takes almost none. The symbolic continuum is an electric blanket with hot at one extreme and cold at the other. In all cases, family therapy was performed by a pediatrician. Guidelines are discussed for treatment and for appropriate consultation with mental-health professionals. PMID- 6971201 TI - The oxygenating agents. PMID- 6971202 TI - Health behavior of dental professionals. PMID- 6971203 TI - Sterilizing and disinfecting for hepatitis B virus in the dental operatory. PMID- 6971205 TI - The effect of radiotherapy on blood mononuclear cell numbers and phagocyte migration. AB - The effect of localised radiotherapy on whole blood mononuclear cell numbers are on phagocyte migration has been studied in order to relate the effects of treatment to site and volume of radiation. Thirty nine patients who were receiving radiotherapy to five different sites were studied sequentially before, during, and after treatment. Lymphopenia developed with the onset of treatment in the four groups treated with radiotherapy to a large volume. The fall in lymphocyte count affected both T cells and non-T cells, was exponential throughout the period of irradiation, and the rate was independent of site of treatment. Monocyte numbers and phagocyte migration was unaffected. T cells were slightly more radiosensitive than non-T cells and recovery of T cell numbers was usually slow. No effect was seen when superficial radiotherapy was given to a small volume of skin. PMID- 6971204 TI - Gallium scanning in lymphoma. AB - The findings on gallium-67 scans were compared with the findings of standard techniques (X-ray chest, lymphangiography, clinical examination, and laparotomy findings) in patients with lymphoma, mainly at presentation, but sometimes on follow-up. The objective was to ascertain the reliability of this non-invasive technique in detecting lymphomatous deposits, and to assess its place in the battery of investigations which may be used in clinical staging of lymphomas. One hundred and sixty-six patients were studied, in whom 198 gallium-67 scans were performed. The results indicated that detection of mediastinal and upper para aortic node involvement was the most significant function, and such detection might alter clinical staging, and, therefore, therapy. Gallium-67 was unhelpful in splenic scanning, being positive usually only in cases which had clinically detectable involvement. Unsuspected lung and bone lesions were found occasionally, and this was of considerable importance. Gallium-67 scanning is regarded as an important, non-traumatic additional investigation, clinically useful in staging lymphomas. PMID- 6971206 TI - Pneumatocoeles following Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia. AB - Two children are reported who developed lung radiolucencies identical to staphylococcal pneumatocoeles after haemophilus influenzae pneumonia. Recognition that such translucencies can occur after various bacterial pneumonias is important. The radiographic appearances can be confused with congenital lung cysts, which could result in unnecessary surgery. There has been a recent increased incidence of reports of H. influenzae pneumonia in children, with lobar involvement predominating. Thus H. influenzae must be considered a significant cause of lobar pneumonia and the presence of pneumatocoeles does not preclude the diagnosis. PMID- 6971207 TI - [Case of digestive hemorrhage due to leptospirosis (Weil's disease) treated with cimetidine]. PMID- 6971210 TI - A comparison of cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefoperazone: an in vitro test on a number of beta-lactamase producing strains of 9 species and 1 genus of bacteria. AB - The sensitivity of a number of beta-lactamase producing strains of Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter species, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens to cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefoperazone was determined in vitro. All bacterial cultures were examined for beta-lactamase production using the chromogenic cephalosporin compound 87/312. All strains were typed by means of antibiotic and chemotherapeutic sensitivities. Only non-identical strains were used. A tray method was used to determine the quantity of antimicrobial product necessary for a complete growth inhibition at various culture dilutions. The results showed that all strains of H. influenzae, especially in the dilution 2.10(6), were sensitive to the five cephalosporins. The other species and genus of bacteria had a varying sensitivity to the five cephalosporins. Cefoperazone had potent activity against Ps. aeruginosa. Differences between the five cephalosporins with regard to the effect of culture dilution were only small. PMID- 6971209 TI - External noninvasive electric stimulation of the heart. PMID- 6971208 TI - Plasma levels of levonorgestrel in women during longterm use of Norplants. AB - Levonorgestrel plasma levels were determined by a specific radioimmunoassay in a group of 110 women at various intervals between 1 and 60 months following implantation of six silastic capsules containing levonorgestrel (Norplant). The implants were placed subdermally in the anterior aspect of the forearm. Blood samples were taken twice a week for six consecutive weeks in each subject. Blood drawn from the antecubital vein ipsilateral to the implant site contained two to three times more levonorgestrel than contralateral samples. Average systemic plasma levels represented by contralateral samples ranged from 0.35 +/- 0.03 to 0.29 +/- 0.02 ng/ml (Mean +/- S.E.) in the first and fifth year, respectively. The difference between these values is statistically significant at the 6% level. The results of the regression analysis of individual levels suggest that the decline observed throughout the first five years is mainly due to an early decrease taking place in the first two years. When the sampling period was repeated in the same subjects two or three times 10 to 24 months apart, no significant difference was found. A significant negative correlation was found between plasma levonorgestrel levels and body weight and body surface. The data indicate that the contraceptive efficacy of Norplants during the first five years of use is associated with sustained release of levonorgestrel and is in keeping with the estimated life span of Norplants of seven years. PMID- 6971211 TI - Rectal bleeding due to amebic colitis diagnosed by multiple endoscopic biopsies: report of two cases. AB - Recurrent rectal bleeding over a period of seven and 12 months, respectively, was the main and unusual manifestation of amebic colitis in two patients. The difficulty in establishing the diagnosis led to one patient's receiving potentially dangerous steroid therapy. Only by taking multiple colonoscopic biopsies was the amebic colitis recognized. This and serologic tests, should be routine in all cases of inflammatory bowel disease before initiating therapy. PMID- 6971213 TI - [Shunt therapy in portal hypertension?]. PMID- 6971212 TI - [Isolation of a clonotheque (clone bank) of recombinant DNA containing the mRNA nucleotide sequences of the crystalline lens in the frog, Rana temporaria]. PMID- 6971214 TI - [The immotile cilia syndrome]. PMID- 6971217 TI - Some functional aspects of the ultrastructure of rat pinealocytes. AB - An analysis of more than 75000 electron micrographs from 84 intact control and 167 experimental male rats divided into 11 groups subjected to various treatments, was performed in the present study, a special attention being paid to the relation of cytoplasmic organelles to the processes of synthesis and secretion of pinealocytes. From these observations the following conclusions have been drawn: 1. specific pineal cells - the pinealocytes - show several attributes of metabolically active endocrine cells; 2. at least two probably intimately related secretory processes are present in the rat pinealocytes; 3. several cytoplasmic structures may be involved in the secretory mechanism of the rat pinealocytes. PMID- 6971215 TI - Calciferol induced hypercalcemia in renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6971216 TI - alpha-1-antitrypsin in breast milk of healthy Nigerian mothers. PMID- 6971218 TI - Stimulation of antiglucagon antibodies in rabbits and guinea pigs using a glucagon-carbodiimide-albumin conjugate. AB - Rabbits and guinea pigs were immunized monthly with a glucagon-bovine plasma albumin conjugate prepared at a molar ratio of 12: 1 using 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide as the coupling agent. The animals were bled regularly two weeks after inoculation and the resulting glucagon antisera analyzed for titre, affinity and specificity. Immunization of rabbits resulted in the production of large amounts of high affinity glucagon antibodies which in two out of five animals reacted between 3 and 7% with GLI (glucagon-like immunoreactivity). Antibody titre and affinity rose rapidly in the majority of rabbits attaining near maximal values by 10 weeks. In comparison, the conjugate displayed enhanced immunogenicity in the guinea pig, and antibody titre and affinity which were already several fold higher at 10 weeks continued to rise progressively during the 26 week period of immunization. Antisera raised in guinea pigs reacted particularly strongly with GLI, and antibodies derived from one particular animal yielded practically identical dilution curves with glucagon and GLI. The present study clearly demonstrates the potential of the glucagon carbodiimide-albumin conjugate for the production of valuable glucagon antisera in rabbits and guinea pigs. Such antisera are eminently suitable for radioimmunoassay and metabolic studies. Furthermore, it is concluded that the guinea pig is a particularly useful species for the rapid production of very high quality cross-reacting glucagon antisera. PMID- 6971219 TI - Effects of 17 beta-estradiol, synthetic estrogens, and antiestrogens on prolactin secretion, nuclear translocation of pituitary estrogen receptor and on progesterone receptor levels in rat pituitary, hypothalamus and uterus. AB - Estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor values were studied following repeated application of estrogens and/or the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Nuclear estrogen-receptor contents of the pituitary as well as serum prolactin levels and uterus weight were increased by treatment with 17 beta-estradiol and synthetic estrogens DM-EE2 (1,3 diacetoxy-17 alpha-ethinyl-7 alpha-methyl-1,3,5(10) estratrien-17 beta-ol) and DB-EE2 (1,3 dibenzoyloxy-17 alpha-ethinyl-7 alpha methyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17 beta-ol). Tamoxifen also increased pituitary estrogen receptor values, but no stimulation of serum prolactin levels was found. Tamoxifen decreased estradiol stimulated uterus weight, but had no repressor effects on serum prolactin levels. Progesterone receptor levels were stimulated in the pituitary by repeated injection of 17 beta-estradiol, DM-EE2 and DB-EE2 and to a smaller degree by tamoxifen. The stimulation of progesterone receptor levels by estrogen was greater in the pituitary than in the hypothalamus and uterus. The present data combine to suggest differences in metabolic and/or cellular events following stimulation with estrogens of different biological activities. PMID- 6971220 TI - Evidence for the presence of specific prolactin binding protein in rat seminal vesicle fluid. AB - The presence of a specific prolactin binding in rat seminal vesicle fluid has been demonstrated. The binding phenomenon was saturable and pH dependent, the optimum pH being 7.2. The prolactin binding protein (PBP, 1800 x g supernatant) was characterized by a single order affinity binding sites with an association constant (Ka) 1.52 x 10(7) mol-1. The specificity of the prolactin binding was demonstrated by the fact that other proteohormones such as rFSH, rLH, rTSH and hTSH failed to inhibit the binding of labelled hormone to PBP, while unlabelled oPRL gave a dose-response inhibition curve. Among the rats in the age group 45 to 180 days, PBP obtained from animals of 90 day old showed a maximum binding of radioiodinated rPRL. Following castration for five days the percent binding of 125I-rPRL to PBP decreased markedly. The treatment of castrated rats with testosterone propionate for five days returned the 125I-rPRL binding to near intact values. Following a centrifugation of 1800 x g supernatant at 360 000 x g for 3 h, prolactin binding activity still remained in the supernatant thus implicating that the binding protein is in a soluble state. PMID- 6971221 TI - A new radioisotope for lung ventilation studies: 19-neon. AB - Neon 19, 17-second positron-emitting radioelement, is produced continuously by 23MeV alpha particle bombardment of oxygen. For a 12 muA particle current the method of preparation described delivers 14 mCi of neon 19 per min to the functional exploration room. The radiochemically pure radioactive gas is diluted in air and breathed continously by the patient lying under a positron tomographic camera. The regional lung ventilation distribution is obtained on 2 cm thick sections of organ with a transverse resolution of 17 mm. Quantification of the ventilation output per unit lung volume is contemplated. PMID- 6971222 TI - Chronic viral hepatitis B in childhood. II. Immunological studies in serum and liver tissue and family studies. PMID- 6971223 TI - Identification and characterization of immature thymocytes responsive to T cell growth factor. AB - The surface antigenic phenotype of peanut lectin agglutinin (PNA)-separated, high density ("immature") thymocytes which are the target for the T cell growth factor (TCGF) enabling this otherwise unresponsive cell population to mount a strong proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A) has been studied. The results obtained indicate that (a) the major population of cells bearing the typical phenotype of immature thymocytes, i.e. low content of H-2, high content of Thy-1. TL, Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 antigens, is unable to respond to Con A in the presence of TCGF, and (b) that the responsive population constitutes a minor fraction (about 15%) of PNA+, high-density thymocytes with surface antigenic phenotypes similar to those of mature T cells, i.e. high content of H-2, low content of Thy-1 and differentiated expression of Lyt antigens. Such a unique combination of properties and the presence of TL antigen on some members of the responding population suggest that it contains cells at intermediate stage(s) of differentiation between immature thymocytes and T cells. PMID- 6971225 TI - Immune unresponsiveness of spleen cells from lipopolysaccharide-treated mice to particulate thymus-dependent antigen. I. Evidence for differentiation signal defect. AB - The cellular basis of the immune unresponsiveness induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was analyzed at the B and T cell level. The immunosuppressive effect of LPS is not related to altered B cell competence. Inhibition of antibody responses was observed only for thymus-dependent (TD) and not for thymus-independent antigens. In the presence of T cell-replacing factor (TRF), LPS-sensitized B lymphocytes respond to TD antigenic stimulation and differentiate into antibody-forming cells. Evidence is presented for a decreased helper activity of LPS-sensitized T lymphocytes and for a defective production of TRF in concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells from LPS-treated mice. The implication of a cell compartment other than T is discussed. PMID- 6971224 TI - Studies on the nature and cellular distribution of TLMA--a major rat T axis differentiation antigen. Identification as the glycosphingolipid GgOse4Cer (asialo GM1). AB - The recently detected T axis differentiation antigen, which was provisionally designated as T-lymphocyte-macrophage-associated antigen (TLMA) could now be identified as the neutral glycosphingolipid GgOse4Cer (asialo-GM1). TLMA is not only expressed on lymphocytes on the T lineage and on macrophages of the rat, but also on eosinophilic cells. On erythrocytes, the determinants are only detectable after neuraminidase treatment. Within the cell surface of thymic lymphocytes, the antigen determinant is partly masked by sialic acid residues. Presently, it cannot be decided whether the masking effect is brought about by sialic acid residues of adjacent glycolipid molecules or whether a nonreactive sialylated precursor molecule exists. PMID- 6971226 TI - Early precursors of B lymphocytes. I. Rabbit/mouse species differences in the physical properties and surface phenotype of pre-B cells, and in the maturation sequence of early B cells. PMID- 6971227 TI - Early precursors of B lymphocytes. II. Exploitation of the singular properties of rabbit pre-B cells in their purification. AB - Rabbit pre-B cells are almost uniformly large and low in density and bear a modest number of Fc receptors (McElroy, P.J., Willcox, N. and Catty, D., Eur. J. Immunol. 1981. 11:76). A simple density gradient centrifugation procedure consistently and rapidly enriches them to 20-35% frequencies. At the same time, it depletes them of most of the B cells, phagocytic and erythroid cells that are also common in bone marrow, and are of progressively higher densities. The low density fractions include 45-55% of large blast-like cells and have 35-45% of cells with Fc receptors. By isolating the large Fc receptor-bearing cells from low-density fractions of baby rabbit bone marrow on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, pre-B cells were obtained at approximately 60% frequency and virtually uncontaminated by B cells (or plasma cells). This level of purity is perhaps adequate for the critical experiments necessary to establish the precursor status of pre-B cells definitively, and it might also prove valuable for studying the mechanisms of the genetic rearrangements that occur in early B cell development. PMID- 6971229 TI - The influence of external potassium ions upon lens conductance characteristics investigated using a voltage clamp technique. PMID- 6971228 TI - Blood pressure responses to local application of serotonergic agents in the nucleus tractus solitarii. AB - The effects of serotonin applied directly to the region of the medulla oblongata which contains the nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus intercalatus, nucleus originis dorsalis vagi and the nucleus originis nervi hypoglossi were investigated in anesthetized rats. A dose dependent increase in blood pressure with variable changes in heart rate was observed after unilateral application of serotonin into the nucleus tractus solitarius. The serotonergic antagonists, 2 bromolysergic acid diethylamide (locally applied) and metergoline (systemically administered) significantly attenuated the serotonin-induced pressor response. Fluoxetine, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, significantly enhanced the magnitude of the pressor response, but did not prolong it. The present data suggest that enhancement of serotonergic activity in the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius produces a neurogenic pressor response. PMID- 6971230 TI - Oxygen transport in the bullfrog retina. PMID- 6971231 TI - Techniques for measuring lung mucociliary clearance. PMID- 6971233 TI - Regulation by T lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 6971232 TI - Unidirectional habituation of vestibulo-ocular responses by repeated rotational or optokinetic stimulations in the cat. AB - 1. Unilateral habituation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex was produced in adult cats stimulated by repeated unidirectional velocity steps (vestibular training) or by a continuously moving visual surround (optokinetic training). -- 2. Unidirectional vestibular training produced a strong asymmetry of vestibulo ocular responses (VOR). Responses to velocity steps applied to the "trained" labyrinth were decreased both in gain and in time-constant. This effect generalized to responses to sinusoidal oscillations (0.03 Hz to 0.1 Hz), i.e. to a stimulus not used during training. -- No spontaneous nystagmus was ever observed in spite of the dynamic VOR asymmetry. -- 3. Unilateral vestibular habituation produced by vestibular training appeared to be a long-lasting phenomenon. It was still present 10 days after the end of training. -- 4. Optokinetic responses were not affected by vestibular training. -- 5. Unidirectional optokinetic training produced an increase in the slow phase velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) by about 25% in both directions. This effect did not persist for more than a few minutes. A marked spontaneous nystagmus was recorded in the dark after each session of optokinetic training, with a slow phase in the direction opposite to the previous OKN. -- 6. VOR in response to velocity steps and to sinusoidal oscillations were decreased unilaterally after optokinetic training. This effect was of short duration, however, and disappeared within the interval between training sessions. This lack of retention contrasted with the prolonged effect of vestibular training. PMID- 6971234 TI - Allo-responsive T lymphocytes and their differentiation markers. AB - Functionally disparate subpopulations of T lymphocytes that respond to alloantigens, primarily as studied in vitro in the mixed leukocyte culture and cell mediated lympholysis assays, have been separated most usefully by cell surface markers that can be identified with antiserums. Based on the data available to date there are at least two, and perhaps three, T lymphocyte subpopulations responsive to alloantigens in vitro, which include helper, cytotoxic, and perhaps suppressor T lymphocytes. Reviewed in this paper are data pertaining to the question of whether two types of cytotoxic T lymphocytes exist and whether true memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes are generated following in vitro or in vivo priming. Further, two systems are discussed that served as differentiation markers on lymphocytes: the Ly antigens and a family of large cell surface membrane proteins (LMPs). PMID- 6971236 TI - Does aspirin prolong bleeding from gastric biopsies in man? AB - Aspirin prolongs skin bleeding time in man by inducing abnormal platelet function. Prolongation of gastric bleeding time has been postulated as a mechanism for gastric hemorrhage after aspirin in man. To determine whether endoscopic gastric biopsy is safe in patients taking aspirin, we studied the effects of acute and chronic aspirin use on gastric bleeding time in four groups of subjects. Gastric bleeding time was assessed directly following endoscopic biopsy. Skin bleeding time was done by the Mielke method. Control subjects (group I) were studied twice at one-week intervals to determine reproducibility of the gastric bleeding time technique. The effect of aspirin on gastric and skin bleeding time when given to normal volunteers for 24 hours (group II) and for two weeks (group III) and to rheumatic disease patients on a chronic basis (group IV) was also studied. In normal volunteers given aspirin for 24 hours or two weeks, gastric bleeding time was not affected in spite of skin bleeding time being significantly prolonged over baseline. Gastric bleeding time was less then skin bleeding time in all groups including patients with rheumatoid arthritis (p less than 0.05). We conclude that aspirin ingestion does not prolong gastric bleeding time in man and that gastric biopsy is not contraindicated on th basis of recent aspirin ingestion. PMID- 6971235 TI - Effects of protein synthesis inhibitors on A- and L-site amino acid incorporation by bullfrog tadpole liver and tail fin cells. PMID- 6971237 TI - Iron deficiency in the elderly: it's often nondietary. PMID- 6971240 TI - [SP1--a further index to placental function?]. PMID- 6971239 TI - Dinitrochlorobenzene-induced colitis in the guinea-pig: studies of colonic lamina propria lymphocytes. AB - Dinitrochlorobenzene-induced colitis in guinea-pigs may be immunologically mediated: animals must be presensitised to dinitrochlorobenzene to develop colitis, sensitivity can be passively transferred by lymphocytes and the injury can be mitigated by immunosuppression. In this study, we examined lamina propria lymphocytes isolated from colons of animals with dinitrochlorobenzene-induced colitis, and appropriate controls. Lamina propria lymphocytes from colitis animals have a greater percentage of rabbit erythrocyte-rosetting cells (T cells) (20.1 +/- 3.0 vs 2.3 +/- 0.8, p less than .01) and a greater capacity to mediate mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity with phytohaemagglutinin than lamina propria lymphocytes from normal colon (% specific cytoxicity = 29.4 +/- 8.7 vs 5.0 +/- 4.5, P less than .005). There was no difference in the percentage of rosetting cells or cytotoxicity index of spleen or mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes between the colitis animals and controls. These data suggest that there are changes in the distribution and functional characteristics of lamina propria lymphocytes which correlate with mucosal cell injury in the dinitrochlorobenzene-colitis model. PMID- 6971241 TI - [Hormonal diagnosis in fetal intrauterine retardation]. PMID- 6971243 TI - [Ambulatory oral surgery in hemophiliacs]. PMID- 6971238 TI - Studies of T, B, and "null" blood lymphocytes in normal persons of different age groups. AB - The numbers of T, B, and "null" blood lymphocytes were determined in 216 normal healthy persons, whose ages ranged from 20 to 94 years. No change was found in the numbers of T or B lymphocytes with increasing age of the subjects, whereas both the total lymphocytes and the number of "null" lymphocytes decreased just significantly with age (p less than 0.05). The response of blood lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin in vitro was measured in 25 subjects aged 20-30 years and compared with the response in 23 subjects aged over 60 years. There was no significant difference in the response of the two groups. PMID- 6971242 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin in the cord blood]. PMID- 6971245 TI - [Rejection mechanisms of xenogeneic tissue antigens in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971247 TI - Vasotocin, prostaglandin, and female reproductive behavior in the frog, Rana pipiens. PMID- 6971246 TI - Surgical therapy for evolving myocardial infarction: Results in 138 patients. AB - One hundred thirty-eight selected patients underwent emergency coronary artery revascularization as the treatment for early evolving myocardial infarction. Low early and late (3.6 and 2.9%) mortality and morbidity up to 54 months, with favorable post surgical hemodynamic improvement demonstrates the operability with beneficial results in selected patients with early evolving myocardial infarction. PMID- 6971244 TI - [Treatment of chronic bronchitis with azidocillin and co-trimoxazole]. AB - In a controlled blind study sputum of 84 patients suffering from chronic bronchitis was bacteriologically examined prior to treatment. Hereby resistance against azidocillin was exhibited by six of the pathogenic agents or the suspected ones; the bacteria in 18 samples of sputum showed resistance against co trimoxazol. Azidocillin demonstrated, as opposed to co-trimoxazol, slight yet not significant advantages in the elimination of the agents. Azidocillin was, however, significantly superior to co-trimoxazol in the physicians total assessment, which included the clinical process as well as the components of the sputum. According to the results of our investigations, the treatment of chronic bronchitis can be started without examining the sputum. However, in patients showing exacerbation of chronic bronchitis with life-threatening complications, the sputum should be examined before medication is conducted. In such cases we recommend the treatment to be started immediately with an appropriate bactericide like azidocillin and to be continued till the result of the antibiogram is finally established. PMID- 6971248 TI - A new unstable PI M variant of alpha 1-antitrypsin in a Finnish isolate. AB - During family and population studies in a Finnish isolate (Salla), a variant of alpha 1-antitrypsin, tentatively called PI MSAL was found. On isoelectric focusing this variant was slightly cathodal to M3. With the aid of acid starch gel electrophoresis, differentiation from M3 proved reliable, because the variant was unstable in that system. The variant also showed an increased lability at + 56 degrees C and physiological pH and a decreased stability at pH 4.5 and room temperature compared to the other M subtypes. By genealogical studies it was possible to trace a common ancestor, a settler arriving to the parish around 1680, for the three families where the variant was found. PMID- 6971249 TI - Roles of influenza virus infectivity and glycosylation of viral antigen for recognition of target cells by cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - The influenza virus strains A/JAP (H2N2) and the recombinant strain A/JAP/BEL (H2N1) were tested before and after UV-light inactivation for their ability to sensitize target cells for cytotoxic T-cell lysis (CTL). Infectious preparations were efficient sensitizers for both specific and cross-reactive CTL, exposure of the cells to even low doses of virus resulting in almost maximum susceptibility. When inactivated, however, A/JAP/BEL was about 10 times more efficient than A/JAP at sensitizing the cells for specific CTL; neither sensitized the cells for cross reactive CTL. Thus factors other than or in addition to a cleaved haemagglutinin (HA) molecule are important in the fusion of the virus with the cell membrane. Target cells which were infected with virus and exposed to different concentrations of tunicamycin, which inhibits glycosylation, became susceptible to CTL by both specific and cross-reactive effector cells through to a lesser extent than controls. Infected cells showed both strong haemadsorption and cocapping of the HA with K, D gene products. Both of these properties were greatly diminished in the presence of even low concentrations of tunicamycin. Analysis of binding studies using labelled monoclonal anti-HA IgG showed that, in the presence of tunicamycin, the total amount of HA expressed at the cell surface was not reduced, but there was an increase in the dissociation constant of the reaction between expressed HA and antibody. This latter finding was thought to reflect a conformational change in the HA antigen, which might be the reason for the reduced susceptibility to CTL. PMID- 6971250 TI - Leukemia-cell rejection due to T-region encoded antigens. AB - The role of H-2- and T-region products in determining allogeneic cell rejection was evaluated in H-2 congenic and recombinant mice by transplanting A1ATH and A6ATL leukemia cell lines induced in A.TH and A.TL strains, respectively, by Moloney murine leukemia virus.--In K- or D-region incompatible hosts transplant failure was observed, while in I + T-region incompatible hosts either rejection or prolonged survival was seen. In mice preimmunized with spleen cells from I- and/or T-region incompatible donors, leukemia cells were rejected by mice immune only to T-region products, and accepted by mice immune only to I-region products. -Cell-mediated cytotoxicity studies confirmed in vivo results. Secondary CTLs specifically directed against I-region products did not lyse the A1ATH and A6ATL cells, and secondary CTLs from A.TH and A.TL mice sensitized against A6ATL and A1ATH cells respectively exerted a lytic action specific for T-region products, while no activity was observed against I determinants.--The data suggest that tumor-transplant rejection may also be governed by histocompatibility antigens encoded in the T region. PMID- 6971251 TI - The biochemical characterization of Syrian hamster cell-surface alloantigens. II. Immunochemical relationships between cell-surface alloantigens and class II MHC homologues. AB - Immunochemical comparisons between hamster cell-surface p39/p29 alloantigens and putative MHC class I and II products indicate that p39/p29 alloantigens are probable class II products. Both p39/p29 alloantigens and class II homologues have varying expression in hamster lymphoid tissues and are absent from fibroblasts. In addition, analysis by nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis demonstrates similar, although nonidentical, alloantigen and class II homologous charge profiles. This observation could reflect multiple class II subregions within the hamster MHC. These data therefore suggest an immunochemical description of the hamster MHC which is compatible with MHC models proposed for other mammalian species. PMID- 6971252 TI - Receptor specificity, functional characteristics, and cell-surface phenotype of a highly selected anti-I-Ab-specific, long-term T-cell line. AB - A highly selected alloreactive T-cell line was developed by repeated restimulation of B10.D2/n lymph-node cells with irradiated C57BL/10Sn (B10) spleen cells in long-term MLC for up to 21/2 years. Continuous growth of the line requires restimulation every 2 to 4 weeks with fresh H-2b stimulator cells. The line proliferates strongly against H-2b but not against H-2d, H-2f, H-2q, H-2r, or H-2s stimulators. Analysis of recombinant mouse strains showed that the proliferative response is directed against I-Ab, but not Kb or Db determinants. During the growth period of the line, strong cross-reactivity with H-2p (B10.P) and weak cross-reactivity with H-2k strains (e.g., CBA/J and B10.BR) was observed. A clone with exquisite specificity for I-Ab, but with no cross reactivity with H-2p or H-2k was isolated from the line; thus clonal heterogeneity of the line still exists despite the highly selective growth conditions.--The majority of T cells from the line or clone were shown to bind I Ab but not Kb or Db determinants either spontaneously during restimulation with fresh B10 stimulator cells or via membrane vesicles expressing I-Ab determinants. No killing activity by the line in either specific or nonspecific cytolytic T cell assays was observed nor was the T 145 glycoprotein, characteristic of killer T cells, detected. PMID- 6971253 TI - Anti-self receptors. IV. H-2-restricted receptors on thymocytes recognize carbohydrate structures on target cells. AB - Rosetting between thymocytes and autologous erythrocytes in mediated by receptors on thymocytes that primarily recognize self H-2L molecules on erythrocytes. This paper describes preliminary attempts to chemically characterize the receptor and acceptor molecules involved in this H-2-restricted interaction. On the basis of sugar inhibition studies and the sensitivity of the receptors to protease and glycosidase treatments it appears that a protein receptor on thymocytes recognizes the carbohydrate portion of a glycoprotein on erythrocytes. Furthermore, the thymocyte receptor appears to recognize terminal D-galactose, D mannose and sialic acid residues on a branched-chain carbohydrate structure on erythrocytes, with mouse strains of different H-2 haplotype expressing carbohydrate structures that differ in the linkage of these three terminal sugars. These findings indicate that H-2-restricted carbohydrate-protein interactions can occur between cells, a conclusion with important theoretical implications. PMID- 6971255 TI - Palmar dermatoglyphics in corneal dystrophy. PMID- 6971254 TI - Mutations in mice that influence natural killer (NK) cell activity. AB - A series of mutations in mice was tested for splenic NK-cell activity against YAC 1 target cells. Mutations at six loci that reduce NK-cell activity in the homozygous state were identified, including beige (bg), hairless (hr), motheaten (me), obese (ob), steel (Sl) and, to lesser extent, dominant spotting (W). Motheaten mice displayed the most profound NK-cell deficiency, with NK-cell activity virtually absent. Two mutations, nude (nu) and lymphoproliferation (lpr), produced elevated NK-cell-mediated lysis. The double homozygous recessive nu/nu bg/bg nude-beige mouse was viable and NK-cell-deficient, with activity slightly higher than that of +/? bg/bg beige littermate controls. Pigmentation mutants related to beige, including pale ears (ep), pearl (pe) and ruby eyes (ru2J) did not dramatically influence NK-cell levels. Unlike the obese gene, other mutations leading to obesity, diabetes (db) and yellow (Ay), did not impair NK-cell function. The possible site of gene action of these mutations in the NK cell pathway is discussed. PMID- 6971256 TI - Studies on anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of some indan acids. AB - A series of indan-1 acids were synthesized and screened for anti-inflammatory activity. All the reported compounds showed varying degrees of anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced paw oedema test. They also exhibited appreciable antipyretic and analgesic activity in various animal test models. Among these compounds 6-methoxy-indan-1-acetic acid (compound 11) and 5,6-dimethoxy-indan-1 acetic acid (compound 12) showed activity profile close to that of phenylbutazone having prolonged action and lower toxicity than the latter. PMID- 6971257 TI - Mitogen-induced amplification of blastogenesis in lipopolysaccharide-precultured lymphocytes. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 48 h. After washing, stimulation with a concanavalin A (ConA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) resulted in a synergistic blastogenic response that was greater than the sum of the independently stimulated control cultures. Addition of fresh autologous lymphocytes after LPS preculture produced an additional increment of synergy. The nature of the responding and helping effects was determined by coculturing irradiated or nonirradiated lymphocyte suspensions that had been precultured with either LPS or ConA/PWM. Such studies indicated that amplification was the result of a mitogen-activated helper activity, which facilitated the blastogenic response to LPS. Experiments with lymphocytes resolved into T- and B-cell-enriched fractions indicated that the LPS-responsive cells were of the B type and that the help was provided by a mitogen-activated T cell population. These studies indicated that LPS can induce human B-cell blastogenesis; however, a helper function must be provided by a T-cell subpopulation. This helper activity is inducible by pretreatment of the T cells with plant lectins. PMID- 6971258 TI - Interaction of Pneumocystis carinii with host lungs: an ultrastructural study. AB - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was produced in rats by the administration of corticosteroids, low (8%) protein diet, and tetracycline in the drinking water. The rats were sacrificed at weekly intervals, and their lungs were examined by electron microscopy. For the first 6 weeks, few alterations were noted in host pulmonary tissue, except a close attachment of P. carinii trophozoites to the type I pneumocytes. At 7 to 8 weeks, when the infection reached the peak intensity on light microscopy, degenerative changes occurred in the type I pneumocyte, beginning with subepithelial bleb formation and followed by denudation of the basement membrane. This denuded surface appeared to be the site both of exudation of serum and tissue fluid into the alveolar space and of spread of P. carinii into the interstitium. There was hypertrophy of type II pneumocytes, which also occurred in uninfected control rats ingesting tetracyclines. With tapering of the corticosteroid dose, P. carinii was slowly cleared from the lungs, but latent infection persisted for at least 21 weeks. The host response to the corticosteroid dose tapering included increased prominence of alveolar macrophages and progressive interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate and fibrosis. Thus, P. carinii interacts with, and is associated with damage to, specific host cells. This interaction is important in the host-parasite relationship in this infection. PMID- 6971259 TI - Adjuvant activities of quinonyl-N-acetyl muramyl dipeptides in mice and guinea pigs. AB - The adjuvant and tumor-suppressive activities of the quinonyl [2,3-dimethoxy-5 methyl-6-(9'-carboxynonyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (QS-10)] derivatives of N-acetyl muramyl dipeptides were examined. N-Acetyl muramyl-L-valyl-D-isoglutamine (MurNac L-Val-D-isoGln), QS-10-MurNAc-L-Val-D-isoGln, and their methyl esters were shown to have potent adjuvant activity on the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to monoazobenzenarsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine in guinea pigs and on the primary immune response against sheep erythrocytes in vitro; however, only QS-10-MurNAc-L-Val-D-isoGln methyl ester, i.e., QS-10-MurNAc-L-Val-D-Glu(OCH3)NH2 (quinonyl-MDP-66), was shown to be an active adjuvant for the induction of allogeneic killer T cells in mice and the suppression of tumor growth in syngeneic mice when it was administered as a suspension in phosphate-buffered saline. The effectiveness of the chain length of the quinonyl moiety in quinonyl MDP-66 and the replacement of the L-valine residue with L-serine or L-threonine were also examined in comparison with the adjuvant and tumor-suppressive activities of quinonyl-MDP-66. PMID- 6971260 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of lead on humoral and cell-mediated immunity. AB - The humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of murine lymphocytes exposed to lead in vivo and in vitro were investigated. In vivo Pb was administered via the drinking water (0 to 10 mM) for 1 to 10 weeks. In vivo exposure of the mice to Pb did not alter significantly their plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes; however, their susceptibility to Listeria infection was reduced significantly with Pb dosages of greater than 0.4 mM. Although the in vivo plaque forming cell responses did not appear to be altered, in vitro assessment of the reactivity of these in vivo Pb-exposed lymphocytes indicated that intermediate doses enhanced, but a high dose (10 mM) was suppressive. The 10 mM in vivo Pb dose suppressed the in vitro plaque-forming cell response, the mixed-lymphocyte culture response, and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation, but it did not affect concanavalin A- or phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation. Interestingly, in vitro Pb exposure (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) of murine spleen cells caused an enhancement of most activities even though these in vitro concentrations of Pb were slightly above the in vivo concentrations. Direct in vitro Pb effects on the lymphocytes could be measured, and Pb consistently enhanced humoral and cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6971261 TI - In vitro stimulation of immunoglobulin production from human peripheral blood lymphocytes by a soluble preparation of Actinomyces viscosus. AB - In this paper, we report the ability of a soluble, ultrasonicate preparation of Actinomyces viscosus to stimulate in vitro immunoglobulin production by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM concentrations were determined with a highly sensitive and specific micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (micro-ELISA). A viscosus-induced immunoglobulin production was T lymphocyte dependent and was inhibited by monocytes. The immunoglobulin response was optimal when A. viscosus (1,000 microgram/ml) was removed from the cultures on day 2 of incubation. Antibodies specific for A. viscosus were not detected, indicating that A. viscosus was activating a polycolonal B-lymphocyte response. Since periodontal lesions in humans are characterized by the accumulation of a large number of B lymphocytes, the polyclonal activation of these cells by A. viscosus may affect the severity and resolution of the disease. PMID- 6971262 TI - Dissociation of the anti-hapten and anti-carrier responses of mice injected with dinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide. AB - The quantitative and qualitative nature of the antibody responses of euthymic (normal, RML) and athymic (nude) mice injected with dinitrophenylated (DNP) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evaluated. Antibody responses to both the haptenic (DNP) and carrier (LPS) determinants were measured. On a quantitative basis, RML and nude mice stimulated with DNP-LPS produced only primary anti-DNP responses, whereas both primary and secondary anti-LPS responses were elicited by this conjugate. The failure of DNP-LPS to trigger secondary anti-DNP responses was not dependent on the amount of DNP-LPS given in the primary or secondary doses and could not be overcome by repeated injections of DNP-LPS. Also, the anti-DNP responses of RML mice injected repeatedly with DNP-LPS were restricted to immunoglobulin M antibodies whereas both immunoglobulin M and G anti-LPS responses were elicited. Nude mice also produced immunoglobulin G antibodies to the LPS determinants. These data showed a dissociation of the anti-hapten and anti-carrier antibody responses and suggested that different immunological signals were functioning in the respective anti-DNP and anti-LPS responses. PMID- 6971267 TI - Data integrity in a general practice computer system (CLINICS). AB - The accuracy of computer held medical information may be of critical importance in patient care, therefore it is important not only to know the error rate in the stored data but also to know the effectiveness of error checking and detection programmes. This paper reports on the errors which were detected in the University of Southampton Primary Medical Care computer system (CLINICS) by checking the consistency between stored data and incoming data. Seven per cent of incoming data had important errors of kinds not normally detected by many medical record systems. The majority were traced either to the registration of new patients or to the doctors failing to pay adequate attention to detail in their record keeping (or to their legibility). They have been subsequently corrected, and it is calculated that the stored data contains less than 1% errors. We suggest ways of improving this; and conclude that certain items are essential to general practice information systems. PMID- 6971264 TI - Evidence for depletion of Ia+ macrophages and associated immunosuppression in African trypanosomiasis. AB - The percentage of Ia antigen-bearing (Ia+) macrophages was significantly lower in mice infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense than in normal controls. The degree of difference varied with the source of macrophages and time course of infection. The percentage of Ia+ macrophages isolated from spleens 10 days after infection was 71% of that in the controls, and depletion continued until Ia+ macrophages were almost undetectable 30 days after infection. The rate of depletion was slower in the peritoneal cavity. In contrast, Ia+ macrophages were not significantly depleted from the lymph nodes until 30 days after infection. The ability of macrophages from trypanosome-infected mice to present listerial antigen to sensitized T cells was significantly lower than in controls. Immune T cells had significantly less ability (43% of controls) to incorporate thymidine when exposed to splenic macrophages from infected mice during the early stage of disease. This loss of antigen presentation increased during the course of infection. Peritoneal macrophages also exhibited an early loss of ability to present antigen, but no significant decline occurred thereafter. No significant loss of antigen had occurred in the lymph node macrophages 10 days after infection, but during the later stages of the disease a significant loss was detected. Treatment of macrophages from infected and control mice with anti-Iab serum and complement inhibited their ability to present antigen. Our results demonstrate that Ia+ macrophages and their distribution can influence the ability of infected animals to process antigens and may therefore account in part for the immunosuppression observed in trypanosomiasis. PMID- 6971268 TI - Transplantation resistance of drug-treated hybrid or allogeneic mice against murine lymphomas. I. Immunopharmacology studies. AB - Sequential treatment of mice with non-lethal doses of 5(3,3'-dimethyl-l-triazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) was found to produce long-term inhibition of endogenous cell proliferation in the spleen and profound impairment of classical allograft responses, similar to that detectable in lethally irradiated mice. Studies were carried out with drug-treated (i.e. treated with DTIC + Cy) conventional or nude mice inoculated with lymphoma cells homozygous for the H-2b or H-2d haplotype. Transplantation resistance in various tumour-host combinations was studied in terms of survival times after tumor challenge or lymphoma cell proliferation in spleen and liver, measured by the uptake of DNA precursor 125I-labelled 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I]dUrd). The results of in vivo transplantation immunity tests or in vitro tests of generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes confirmed that classical T-dependent allograft responses were abrogated by drug treatment of H-2-incompatible hosts. However, localized resistance against lymphoma graft, mainly at spleen level, was found in drug treated hybrid mice, or conventional and "nude" allogeneic recipients, as judged by [123I]dUrd uptake inhibition. Resistance presumably regulated, at least in part by the Hh (hemopoietic histocompatibility) system, was abrogated by pretreatment with carrageenan, an antimacrophage agent. In addition, treatment with DTIC + Cy did not abrogate NK activity of mice when the in vitro cytotoxicity test was conducted 5 h after Cy administration, i.e. at the time used for tumor challenge in vivo. It was concluded that selected immunological functions (i.e., antilymphoma natural resistance insensitive to DTIC + Cy, called drug-resistant inhibition of tumors, DRIT) possibly of non-T origin, similar to those detectable in lethally-irradiated mice, can be retained by hosts subjected to high doses of certain anti-tumor agents. PMID- 6971265 TI - Early rheumatoid-like joint lesions in rabbits drinking cows' milk. AB - In a small experiment of 6 animals/group it was again shown that infiltrative synovial lesions could be induced in rabbits by the simple expedient of having the rabbits drink cows' milk over a 12-week period. Drinking 1/2-3/4 pint/day probably affords a small, but repeated, antigenic stimulation from intestinal absorption. PMID- 6971266 TI - Anti-IgE antibodies in human serum: occurrence and specificity. AB - An IgG type of antibody directed against IgE has been studied in serum from healthy and allergic individuals. The technique used is based on adsorption of the IgG fraction in serum to protein A-Sepharose followed by reacting any specific antibody with 125I-IgE. The anti-IgE antibodies were partially blocked by endogenous IgE, indicating the presence of IgE-containing immune complexes in serum. Heating of serum to 56 degrees C disrupted the immune complexes, thereby facilitating the detection of anti-IgE antibodies. The antibodies were essentially directed against the heat-labile D epsilon 2 antigen. Significantly raised (p less than 0.001) levels of anti-IgE antibodies were found in patients suffering from allergic asthma, as compared with non-allergic blood donors. PMID- 6971263 TI - Type-specific reovirus antiserum blocks the cytotoxic T-cell-target cell interaction: evidence for the association of the viral hemagglutinin of a nonenveloped virus with the cell surface. AB - It has previously been demonstrated that spleen cells from mice immunized with reovirus type 1 or 3 generate virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) after in vitro restimulation. Such cytotoxic T cells lyse H-2 identical targets that are infected with the appropriate reovirus type. Viral recombinants were used to demonstrate that the S1 gene is the predominant viral gene determining the specificity of the CTL. Reoviruses are nonenveloped, non-membrane-maturing viruses; therefore, it was important to determine whether viral products were being recognized by CTL on the surface of target cells. Antiserum blocking was utilized to investigate this issue. Using viral recombinants and antisera to reoviruses types 1 and 3, we were able to demonstrate that the major viral antigen recognized by the CTL on the target cell surface is the sigma 1 polypeptide encoded by the S1 genome segment. Thus, viral antigens on the target cell membrane seem to be important in the CTL response to a nonenveloped, non membrane-maturing virus. PMID- 6971271 TI - The assessment of stigma: implications for theory and intervention. AB - Self-disclosure data from marijuana smokers are considered. Attention is given to disclosure patterns in relation to four types of reference individuals and to feelings about disclosure. Users were most likely to disclose and to feel comfortable about disclosing to high intimate and nonauthority reference individuals. They were less likely to disclose and to feel comfortable about disclosing (1) to low intimate and nonauthority reference individuals, and (2) to authority-reference individuals--irrespective of their intimacy with them. The implications of a self-disclosure-reference-individual strategy for the study of stigma and for intervention purposes are discussed. PMID- 6971270 TI - Temporal patterns of drug use by heroin addicts. AB - Judgements were obtained from 26 subjects being treated for heroin use concerning the time of day they most commonly used heroin, marijuana, and alcohol. Heroin chipping, or occasional use, showed a peak time, 6 P.M. to 10 P.M., coinciding with the most common time for use of a variety of substances in several populations. However, the habitual use of heroin is most common upon awakening- apparently to ward off withdrawal symptoms. The results also suggest that the use of marijuana and alcohol does not deviate significantly from the recreational pattern of drug use demonstrated by other populations for other nonprescribed drugs. PMID- 6971273 TI - The induction of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes by in vitro irradiation with alpha-particles from plutonium-239. AB - The yields of unstable chromosome aberrations induced in human lymphocytes by alpha-particles from plutonium-239 have been measured. Plutonium citrate solution was mixed with heparinized blood so that doses of 13--160 rad were delivered in 24 hours. Dicentric aberration yields (Y) fitted best to the linear expression Y = 3 . 72 +/- 0 . 23 x 10(-3) rad-1. Inclusion of a 6 . 5 rad point resulting from a 1 . 7 hour irradiation raised the yield coefficient insignificantly to 3 . 75 +/- 0 . 24 x 10(-3). The aberration yields are in good agreement with data from curium-242 alpha-particles obtained in this laboratory but they are much lower than those obtained in two other laboratories. Reasons for this disagreement are examined. PMID- 6971277 TI - Mechanisms in combination therapy: isobologram analysis and sequencing. PMID- 6971269 TI - Patterns of primary drug abuse. AB - This study focuses on the relationship between patterns of primary drug abuse during 1976 for heroin, marijuana, cocaine, and amphetamines across the demographic variables of age at first use, education, race/ethnic, and sex. A sample of 162,062 clients was selected. Findings indicate that marijuana usage followed by heroin, amphetamines, and cocaine is the most common pattern for clients whose age at first use is 15. Clients with an age at first use of 16 show a pattern of heroin followed by marijuana, amphetamines, and cocaine. Blacks abuse heroin to a greater extent that either White or Spanish-speaking clients. PMID- 6971272 TI - Epidemiological aids to clinical decision making in primary open angle glaucoma. AB - We have described the epidemiological analysis of one aspect of the King's College Hospital computerized data base; namely initial intraocular pressure as an indicator of visual field loss. The methods involved the use of the four-fold table to determine sensitivity and specificity at different pressure levels. From these results (1) the changes in the pre and post test probability of field loss are calculated and (2) a 'sensitivity/specificity trade off curve' or 'decision curve' is constructed. In this way the optimal 'cut-off level' or 'operating point' for a population of specific type and composition can be determined. The factors concerned in decision making are always complex but such an approach allows a rational and quantifiable alternative to reliance on clinical impression and intuition. The results have significance in relation to decisions on the management of patients and on population screening programmes for glaucoma. PMID- 6971275 TI - Measurement of the kinetics of DNA double strand break repair in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells using the unwinding method. AB - Two main components of DNA strand break repair have been found using the unwinding method. The first has a time constant (t37) of some minutes and the second, much slower component, a time constant of several hours. The time constant for the slower component of repair was found to vary with the conditions of incubation and to depend on the quality of the radiation. The t37 values obtained for slow repair under various conditions after X-irradiation and after alpha-irradiation were found to be close to those for repair of double strand breaks as measured by velocity sedimentation. Values for initial breaks, obtained by extrapolation of slow repair data back to time zero, were also close to those obtained for double strand breaks. We therefore propose that the unwinding method can be a useful technique for monitoring the repair of double strand breaks. PMID- 6971276 TI - Tumour growth delay and cell survival as endpoints for studying the fraction of hypoxic cells in a human melanoma transplanted into nude mice. PMID- 6971278 TI - Mobilization of internally deposited plutonium from the rat by pregnancy and lactation. PMID- 6971274 TI - Response of mammalian cells irradiated with 30 MV X-rays in the presence of a uniform 20-kilogauss magnetic field. AB - The effects of intense magnetic fields on the survival curves for aerated and hypoxic Chinese hamster lung cells exposed to 30 MV X-rays were investigated. A uniform 20-kilogauss magnetic field, as well as a non-uniform magnetic field with an average value of 17 . 5 kilogauss and a gradient of 2 . 3 kilogauss/cm, were employed. A study of the repair of sublethal damage for cells exposed to the magnetic field only during the split-dose irradiations, and the effect of exposure to the magnetic field alone for 2 hours, were also studied. For each of these four experiments, no effects attributable to the magnetic field were detected. PMID- 6971279 TI - Stimulation of irradiated human lymphocytes by different mitogens. PMID- 6971280 TI - Current management of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage originates in the colon in 70% of cases. In half the remaining cases it originates in the small bowel, and in the other half in the duodenum. Currently available diagnostic techniques are: mesenteric angiography, barium contrast meal studies, colonoscopy, and laparotomy. Causes of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding are: diverticulosis, angiodysplasia, ischemic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal varices. Accurate localization of the bleeding site is essential if surgical treatment is to be successful. PMID- 6971283 TI - Child and family health in a Scottish New Town. PMID- 6971282 TI - Lengthening of the radius or ulna in asymmetrical hypoplasia of the forearm (report on 7 cases). AB - Six cases of lengthening of the ulna, and one of lengthening of the radius in hypoplasia of the forearm are reported. The surgical technique and the results obtained one to three years after operation are described. PMID- 6971284 TI - Chromosome segregation in lymphocyte hybrids. PMID- 6971281 TI - Intravitreal injection of gentamicin in rabbits. Effect of inflammation and pigmentation on half-life and ocular distribution. AB - Most regimens for intravitreal injection of antibiotics are based on studies in normal albino rabbits. We examined the effect of two variables, infection and pigmentation, on the ocular distribution of an intravitreal injection of 50 micrograms of gentamicin in rabbit eyes. The half-life of gentamicin in the vitreous of normal pigmented rabbits after intravitreal administration was 24 hr. Antibiotic levels in cornea and aqueous reached a peak 18 hr after injection; terminal half-lives in these sites were similar to those in vitreous. With inflammation, the half-life in the vitreous was decreased to 10 hr, and there was no accumulation of drug in anterior sites. To the extent that these data are applicable to humans, they suggest that the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis by the intravitreal route may require more frequent injections than had been recommended on the basis of studies in normal eyes. Normal pigmented and albino rabbits showed similar levels of gentamicin in the cornea, aqueous, and vitreous; however, the drug was barely detectable in iris, choroid retina, and sclera of pigmented animals, presumably on account of an interaction with melanin-containing tissues. This effect of pigment may explain the differences in the reported thresholds for toxicity of gentamicin with intravitreal injection. PMID- 6971286 TI - The beta-lactamases of Bacteroides species. PMID- 6971287 TI - Comparison of trimethoprim at three dosage levels with co-trimoxazole in the treatment of acute symptomatic urinary tract infection in general practice. PMID- 6971285 TI - [Early diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas with computed tomography and air meatography. A comparison to meatography with lipid contrast medium (author's transl)]. AB - Large acoustic neurinomas invading the cerebellopontine angle can be visualized in the computerized tomogram when intravenous contrast medium is used. Additionally, the filing of both the cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal with air has been recommended for the detection of small neurinomas which are limited to the canal. A comparative study was conducted on 54 patients using both air-meatography and cisterno-meatography with a positive lipid contrast medium (Duroliopaque). Eight tumors could be recognized by the method. Although both methods have approximately the same diagnostic value, we prefer the use of computed tomography with air-meatography because of its particular advantages as described. PMID- 6971289 TI - Androgen receptor in human placental villi. AB - In studies with a synthetic androgen, R 1881, an androgen-binding component was found in the cytosol of human placental villi. Kinetic analysis indicated that the Kd value of this component was 1.4 nM at 0-4 degrees C and that binding of R 1881 amounted to 277 +/- 73 fmol/mg protein. glycerol density gradient ultracentrifugation showed a peak of binding activity in the 8S region in a medium of low ionic strength, but in the 4.5S region in a medium containing 9.5 M KCl. The R 1881-binding component was inactivated by mild heat- or trypsin treatment, but not by treatment with DNase or RNase. Most of the R 1881-binding activity was sedimented at 20 to 40% saturation of ammonium sulfate. These findings indicate that the R 1881-binding component in human placental cytosol is quite similar in its characteristics to androgen receptors, which are present in various androgen-responsive organs. Testosterone was a more potent competitor of R 1881-binding than DHT or cyproterone acetate. Scatchard plots indicated that the binding site of testosterone was identical with that of R 1881. These findings suggest that the androgen receptor in placental cytosol is specific for testosterone. The Kd value for testosterone was calculated to be 3.2 nM. PMID- 6971288 TI - Branhamella catarrhalis: antibiotic susceptibility and beta-lactamase production. PMID- 6971290 TI - Developmental appearance of the vitamin K-dependent protein of bone during calcification. Analysis of mineralizing tissues in human, calf, and rat. AB - Several mineralizing tissues have been analyzed for the vitamin K-dependent protein of bone (BGP) in order to establish the temporal relationship between initial mineral deposition and the appearance of BGP. These studies demonstrate that the appearance of BGP in developing bone is not dependent on birth, as had been suggested in earlier studies of rat development, but rather on the prior deposition of bone mineral. In fetal human bone, the level of BGP (grams of BGP/mol of bone PO4) rises from 5% of the adult level at 10 weeks gestational age to the adult level at 15 weeks. Thus, adult levels of BGP are reached in human bone shortly after the initial appearance of mineral and long before birth. In adolescent rats, which have overall levels of BGP in bone near the adult level, the appearance of BGP at the ends of growing bones and in bone induced by implantation of demineralized bone matrix follows mineral deposition by approximately 2 weeks. The relative absence of BGP in initially deposited bone mineral and its subsequent appearance several days later may be causally related to the maturation of bone mineral to hydroxyapatite, a structure which binds BGP. The implications of the timing of BGP appearance in mineralizing tissues to its possible function in bone are discussed. PMID- 6971291 TI - Microsomal cytochrome P-450 from neonatal pig testis. Purification and properties of A C21 steroid side-chain cleavage system (17 alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20 lyase). AB - A cytochrome P-450 from neonatal pig testicular microsomes was purified to homogeneity as judged by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and by double diffusion on agar against antiserum raised in rabbits against the protein. The enzyme shows both 17 alpha-hydroxylase (Vmax = 4.6 nmol of product/min/nmol of P-450, Km = 1.5 microM) and C17,20 lyase (Vmax = 2.6 nmol of product/min/nmol of P-450, Km = 2.4 microM) activities. Both activities require NADPH and a flavoprotein P-450 reductase; microsomal P-450 reductase from pig and rat livers was used in these studies. The enzyme possesses a single subunit of molecular weight 59,000 +/- 1,000 as determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide with sodium dodecyl sulfate and by chromatography on sodium dodecyl sulfate-Sephadex. The enzyme is a glycoprotein and contains 8 nmol of heme/mg of protein and 40 nmol of phospholipid/mg of protein. All heme detected by pyridine hemochromogen is accounted for as P-450 by difference spectroscopy of the reduced P-450.carbon monoxide complex. This complex shows an absorbance maximum at 448 nm with no evidence of P-420. These studies raise the possibility that one microsomal protein (cytochrome P-450) may possess two enzymatic activities (hydroxylase and lyase). PMID- 6971292 TI - Two types of replication proteins increase the rate at which T4 DNA polymerase traverses the helical regions in a single-stranded DNA template. AB - We have recently developed an in vitro DNA synthesis system in which a synthetic heptaribonucleotide pairs with a unique site on a single-stranded fd DNA molecule and thereby primes the growth of new DNA strands from this single point (Huang, C.-C., and Hearst, J. E. (1980) Anal. Biochem. 103, 127-139). In this report, we use this system to investigate the mechanism by which various bacteriophage T4 DNA replication proteins stimulate the T4 DNA polymerase. We find that with the "polymerase accessory proteins" present (the T4 gene 44/62 and 45 proteins), the DNA polymerase proceeds rather rapidly through the occasional hairpin helices which otherwise interrupt the progress of this enzyme along single-stranded DNA templates. By using a potent inhibitor of the 44/62 ATPase, ATP gamma S (adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)), we have obtained data which suggest that ATP hydrolysis is required for the formation of a polymerase accessory protein DNA template complex, and that this complex then persists, serving as a sliding clamp which greatly increases the strength of binding between a T4 DNA polymerase molecule and its 3'OH primer template end. The progress of the T4 DNA polymerase though hairpin helices in the DNA template is also stimulated by addition of the T4 helix-destabilizing protein (gene 32 protein). The effect of the 44/62 and 45 proteins is independent of the effect of the 32 protein in this assay, and the rate of polymerase travel over the strongest hairpin helices is increased more than 40-fold in the presence of these four additional proteins. PMID- 6971294 TI - Airless lungs caused by disconnected respirator. PMID- 6971293 TI - Adenosine stimulation of uphill adenine transport in L1210 leukemia cells. Evidence for a novel countertransport mechanism. PMID- 6971295 TI - A unitary cause for the exclusion of Na+ and other solutes from living cells, suggested by effluxes of Na+, D-arabinose, and sucrose from normal, dying, and dead muscles. AB - 1. The effluxes of labeled Na+, D-arabinose, and sucrose from normal muscle and muscle poisoned with low concentrations of iodoacetate were studied. The procedure involved repeated loading with isotope, followed by washing of the same muscle while still normal and at different states of dying. 2. The rates of Na+ efflux in both the fast and slow fraction remained either quite constant or showed some unpredictable, minor fluctuations. This was true for both Na+ and the two sugars studied, confirming earlier conclusions that the steady levels of these solutes were not maintained by pumps. 3. In all cases studied, the efflux curves showed at least two fractions. It is the fast-exchanging fraction that steadily and consistently increased in magnitude as the muscles were dying, until finally the concentration of solute in this fraction reached and sometimes surpassed the labeled solute concentrations in the original labeled solutions in which the muscles were equilibrated. The slow fractions showed only a transient increase or none at all. These observations show that it is the fast fraction that represents solute dissolved in cell water and rate-limited by passage through the cell surface and that the partial exclusion of Na+ and the sugars have a unitary cause--a reduced solubility in the cell water which in the presence of ATP exists in the state of polarized multilayers. PMID- 6971297 TI - New and highly sensitive assay for L-5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography-voltammetry. AB - This paper describes a new, inexpensive and highly sensitive assay for aromatic L amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activity, using L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) as substrate, in rat and human brains and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with voltammetric detection. L-5-HTP was used as substrate and D-5-HTP for the blank. After isolating serotonin (5-HT) formed enzymatically from L-5-HTP on a small Amberlite CG-50 column, the 5-HT was eluted with hydrochloric acid and assayed by HPLC with a voltammetric detector. N Methyldopamine was added to each incubation mixture as an internal standard. This method is sensitive enough to measure 5-HT, formed by the enzyme, 100 fmol to 140 pmol or more. An advantage of this method is that one can incubate the enzyme for longer time (up to 150 min), as compared with AADC assay using L-DOPA as substrate, resulting in a very high sensitivity. By using this new method, AADC activity was discovered in rat serum. PMID- 6971298 TI - An electron microscopic analysis of the dorsal root in the frog. PMID- 6971299 TI - Quantitative measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in man using 15O and positron emission tomography: theory, procedure, and normal values. AB - A method is described for quantifying regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), oxygen extraction (rOER), and oxygen utilization (rCMRO2) in man non-invasively, using inhaled 15O-labeled CO2 and O2 and positron emission tomography. The theoretical considerations and practical aspects are described. The results of rCBF, rCMRO2, and rOER for gray and white matter in normal volunteers are presented. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed. The method appears suitable for the study of human cerebral aerobic metabolism and blood flow under differing physiological conditions and in a wide variety of neurological disorders. PMID- 6971296 TI - Variants of 3T3 cells lacking mitogenic response to the tumor promoter tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate. AB - The potent tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) can stimulate quiescent, nonproliferating 3T3 cells to reenter the cell cycle and divide. We have previously used a selection technique developed in our laboratory to isolate variant cell lines which no longer divide in response to epidermal growth factor. We have now utilized the same selection procedure to isolate, from 3T3 cells, two variant cell lines, TNR-2 and TNR-9, which retain growth control and divide in response to elevated serum or fibroblast growth factor, but which do not respond to TPA. The variants do not incorporate precursors into DNA in response to TPA, demonstrating that the cells do not enter the S phase of the cell cycle. The TPA nonresponsive variant TNR-2 cannot respond to epidermal growth factor; TNR-9 responds to this mitogen. TNR-2 variant cells, which do not respond to EGF, do not bind 125I-EGF. TPA can modulate 125I-EGF binding to TNR-9 cells in a manner similar to its action on parental 3T3 cells. This TPA-induced alteration of EGF binding indicates that TNR-9 cells still interact with TPA, despite their inability to mount a mitogenic response. PMID- 6971301 TI - Quantitation in positron emission computed tomography: 3 Effect of sampling. AB - Effect of insufficient transverse sampling on quantitative positron emission computed tomography (ECT) was investigated with computer simulation and measurements on parallel bar and line source phantoms. Aliasing artifacts were observed and were found to be dependent on both the configuration and the location of imaged objects. Images of parallel bar phantoms were found to have aliasing artifacts similar in characteristics to aliasing on one-dimensional signals. In line source images, aliasing effects were manifested as variations in amplitude and full width at half maximum resolution (FWHM) for sources at even slightly different locations in the field of view. It was found that employing sampling distances smaller than one-third of the intrinsic detector FWHM eliminated noticeable aliasing artifacts. Image resolution was also found to be affected by the sampling distance. For a sampling distance equal to one-half of the intrinsic detector FWHM, the imaging FWHM is about 10% worse than the intrinsic FWHM. Selection of sampling distance in noisy environments is discussed. Parallel bar phantoms are shown to have advantages over line sources in the evaluation of sampling and resolution performance of ECT scanners. PMID- 6971300 TI - Positron emission tomography in the evaluation of subdural hematomas. AB - Fifteen patients with 21 subdural effusions were investigated both with transmission computer assisted tomography (CAT) and positron emission tomography (PET). The tracer in the emission studies was 68Ga-EDTA. Twelve lesions were visualized both with CAT and PET. Five lesions that were negative or doubtful on CAT were visualized with PET, whereas four lesions negative or doubtful on PET were demonstrated by CAT. The two methods complement each other due to the fact that they are based on different mechanisms: CAT mainly on attenuation of the fluid collection. PET on isotope accumulation, particularly in the hematoma membranes. PMID- 6971302 TI - HEADTOME: a hybrid emission tomograph for single photon and positron emission imaging of the brain. PMID- 6971303 TI - Photon time-of-flight-assisted positron emission tomography. AB - In positron emission tomography (PET), the annihilation radiation is usually detected as a coincidence occurrence that localizes the position of the annihilation event to a straight line joining the detectors. The measure of the difference between the time of flight (TOF) of the annihilation photons between their inception and their detection permits the localization of the position of the annihilation event along the coincidence line. The incorporation of TOF information into the PET reconstruction process improves the signal-to-noise ratio in the image obtained. The utilization of scintillation detectors utilizing cesium fluoride scintillators, fast photomultiplier tubes, and fast timing circuits allows sub-nanosecond coincidence timing resolution needed for the effective use of TOF in PET. Mathematical considerations and pilot experiments show that with state-of-the-art electronic components and through the application of proper reconstruction algorithms, the combination of TOF and PET positional data improves severalfold the signal-to-noise ratio with respect to conventional PET image reconstruction at the cost of increasing the amount of data to be processed. The construction of a TOF-assisted PET device is within the capability of state-of-the-art technology. PMID- 6971304 TI - Treatment of acute left heart failure using dobutamine and intraaortic counterpulsation. Animal experiments and first clinical experiences. AB - Ten anesthetized mongrel dogs had a left anterolateral thoracotomy; the left anterior descending coronary artery was then ligated. After 60 min five animals each were treated either with dobutamine (4 microgram/min/kg; for 10 min), or with dobutamine and intraaortic counterpulsation. Combined treatment of cardiogenic shock proved superior. Those five dogs had significantly lower heart rates and dp/dt/p-values. Due to IABP the non-ischemic parts of the left ventricle were better perfused; there was no difference in treatment with regard to ischemic parts. The combined treatment was successfully inaugurated in two patients with cardiogenic shock. PMID- 6971305 TI - Some psychodynamic considerations in the treatment of drug abuse in early adolescence. PMID- 6971308 TI - [Clinical studies of management of oral bleeding in hemophilia. I. Clinical examination in cases of tooth extraction in hemophilia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971307 TI - The genetic basis of a dorsal color polymorphism in Rana pipiens. AB - Leopard frogs (Rana pipiens Schreber) from Colorado were used in laboratory matings to investigate the mode of inheritance of green-brown, dorsal background color polymorphism. A total of 624 F1 progeny were produced in 18 successful matings. The results support the hypothesis that the control of dorsal color in Rana pipens is a two-allele, one-locus system with the allele for green color dominant to the allele for brown color. PMID- 6971309 TI - The involvement of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins in cell-mediated immunity. AB - The participation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoproteins in T cell-mediated lysis of HSV-infected syngeneic target cells was examined by using a temperature sensitive (ts) mutant defective in glycoprotein synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C), and 2-deoxy-D-glucose and tunicamycin, known inhibitors of both HSV replication and glycoprotein synthesis in HSV-infected cells. Lymphocytes cytotoxic for HSV-infected cells lysed C57BL/6 Wt-3 cells infected with the mutant, ts A1, at 39 degrees C less efficiently than at 33 degrees C. Treatment of HSV-infected C57BL/6 Wt-3 cells with 1% 2-deoxy-D-glucose for 14 hr reduced their susceptibility to T cell-mediated lysis by 73% in the 51Cr release assay. Treatment of HSV-infected C57BL/6 Wt-3 cells with 0.2 microgram/ml tunicamycin for 14 hr reduced their susceptibility to T cell mediated lysis by 78% in the 51Cr release assay. The reduction in T cell-mediated lysis by 2 deoxy-D-glucose and tunicamycin was found not to be due to the effects of the compounds on the H-2 antigens. We conclude that HSV specific glycoproteins are involved in T cell-mediated lysis of HSV-infected cells. PMID- 6971306 TI - [Exploration and treatment of urinary incontinence]. PMID- 6971310 TI - Constitutive production of interleukin 2 activity by a T cell hybridoma. AB - Several laboratories have recently confirmed the importance that interleukin 2 (IL-2, formerly referred to as T cell growth factor) plays not only in the maintenance of cultured functional T cell lines but also as a potent regulator of immune responses. Despite the development of preparative IL-2 purification procedures, as well as identification of IL-2 producer tumor cell lines, simple sources of lectin-free IL-2 containing conditioned medium remain undefined. In hopes of establishing such a source of mitogen-free IL-2, we elected to fuse the high titer IL-2 producer tumor cell line, LBRM-33, with a drugmarked T cell lymphoma. In this communication we report the successful isolation of a T cell hybridoma that constitutively synthesizes and secretes biologically active IL-2. Hybridoma conditioned medium contained approximately 10 to 100 times the amount of IL-2 produced by conventional T cell mitogen-stimulated murine splenocyte preparations. In addition to providing a simple means for producing IL-2 containing conditioned medium without the presence of contaminating lectin, we hope that constitutive IL-2 producer hybrid cell lines will prove interesting as vehicles for dissection of the molecular events involved in IL-2 biosynthesis. PMID- 6971311 TI - Formation of IgE binding factors by human T lymphocytes. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ragweed-sensitive individuals formed soluble factors that inhibited rosette formation of Fc epsilon receptor (+) cells with IgE-coated ox erythrocytes when the cells were incubated with ragweed antigen E and human IgE. Either antigen E alone or IgE alone failed to induce the formation of the rosette inhibiting factors. Two-way mixed lymphocyte culture from 2 normal individuals followed by incubation of the activated lymphocytes with IgE induced the formation of the rosette-inhibiting factor. Normal human mononuclear cells cultured in the presence of T cell growth factor (TCGF) formed the soluble factor when they were incubated with IgE. The rosette-inhibiting factor in culture filtrates was specifically absorbed with IgE-coupled Sepharose and was recovered from the beads by elution at acid pH, indicating that the soluble factors have affinity for IgE. Because the lymphocytes cultured with TCGF were mostly T cells and contained neither B cells nor monocytes, it appears that the IgE-binding factors are derived from T cells. PMID- 6971313 TI - Influenza A2 inhibits murine in vitro antibody synthesis. AB - A2 influenza inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion the in vitro antibody-forming cell (AFC) response of CBA mouse spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes. The greatest amount of inhibition occurred if virus was added to the splenocytes on the day the cells were placed in culture. Inoculation of spleen cells with influenza on day 3 of culture or immediately before assay on day 4 had no effect on the AFC response. Experiments indicated that the inhibition could be transferred by adding viable, infected cells to uninfected spleen cultures. The origin of the cells that caused the suppression of AFC was not resolved; however, the data suggest that infected B or T cells were not solely responsible for the inhibition. Although infectious virus was most effective, inactivated influenza preparations also suppressed the AFC response. The possible in vivo significance of influenza's inhibitory effect on antibody synthesis is discussed. PMID- 6971312 TI - Functional analysis of human T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies. II. Collaborative T-T interactions in the generation of TNP-altered-self-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - In previous reports we have demonstrated that human T cells, responding to soluble and alloantigens, release helper factor(s) that amplify primary in vitro hapten-altered-self-reactive CTL responses. In the present studies, we have employed complement-fixing monoclonal antibodies (OKT4 and OKT8) that recognize functionally distinct human T cell subsets to investigate the role of T-T interaction in the generation of these killer cells. In all experiments, purified OKT4+ responder T cells were deficient in cytotoxic activity, whereas responder populations containing OKT8+ T cells generated substantial cytotoxicity; demonstrating that TNP-altered-self-reactive CTL precursors are contained within the OKT8+ T cell subset. Further, optimal cytotoxic responses were obtained from responder populations containing both OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cells, suggesting that cooperative interaction between these subsets may result in an amplification of killer cell activity. This interpretation was supported by the following observations: (1) the amplifying effect of soluble antigen required the presence of both OKT4+ and OKT8+ responders; (2) during MLC, OKT4+ but not OKT8+ responder T cells generate helper factor(s) that amplify TNP-altered-self-reactive CTL responses; (3) helper factor(s) bypass the requirement for direct OKT4-OKT8 T cell interaction, triggering a CTL response that is proportional to the percentage of OKT8+ T cells present within the responder population. In additional studies, we determined that the TNP-altered-self-reactive effector CTL maintain the OKT3+, OKT4-, OKT8+ surface phenotype displayed by the CTL precursor. PMID- 6971314 TI - Mechanisms of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. III. Characterization of the mechanism of inhibition of the human alloimmune lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic reaction by polyspecific anti-lymphotoxin sera in vitro. PMID- 6971316 TI - The biochemical and biological characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. VI. Generation of a B cell hybridoma whose antibody product inhibits interleukin 2 activity. AB - In attempts to generate monoclonal antibodies with reactivity directed against the lymphokine Interleukin 2 (IL-2, T cell growth factor), spleen cells harvested from BALB/c mice previously immunized with rat IL-2 were fused with the BALB/c myeloma SP2. Several of the resultant hybrid cell lines secreted a product that significantly neutralized (greater than 50%) IL-2--dependent T cell proliferation. Several lines of evidence suggested that the inhibitory activity was associated with a monoclonal IgG antibody directed against IL-2 determinants. First, passage of cloned hybrid cell culture supernatants through a protein A coupled Sepharose column yielded purified immunoglobulin G fractions that inhibited mouse, rat, and human IL-2 activity. Secondly, hybridoma-derived IgG, in concert with lyophilized Staphylococcus aureus, was capable of precipitating both "cold" and intrinsically labeled IL-2 activity. Finally, Sepharose conjugated with purified IgG fractions provided on extremely reactive IL-2 absorption matrix. These results suggest that monoclonal antibodies directed against IL-2 determinants may eventually provide new detection assays for IL-2 and allow affinity chromatography to be employed for the isolation of this lymphokine. PMID- 6971315 TI - Immunoglobulin class commitment exhibited by B lymphocytes separated according to surface isotype. AB - In order to determine the extent to which B cells exhibit class commitment, the isotype(s) secreted by individual B cells and their progeny was studied in relation to the isotype(s) expressed on the surface of the B cell. Both primary and secondary B cells were separated according to cell surface isotypes and analyzed under optimal stimulation conditions using the T-dependent splenic focus assay. From these studies the following conclusions conclude be made: a) essentially all mature primary B cells appear to express mu on their surface; b) accordingly, the primary B cell population appears to be devoid of B cells expressing solely IgG on their surface; c) the majority of primary B cells in the presence of optimal T cell help have the potential for multiple class production; d) the secretion of IgA coincides with that of IgM and not IgG in its synthesis by immature B cells; e) a substantial proportion of memory B cells bear mu on their surface; f) memory B cells that lack s-mu are unable to yield clones secreting IgM; and g) a substantial proportion of memory B cells have the potential for multiple class production. PMID- 6971317 TI - Maturation of B cell differentiation ability and T cell regulatory function during child growth assessed in a Nocardia water soluble mitogen-driven system. PMID- 6971318 TI - Characterization of the T lymphocyte colony-forming cells and evidence for the acquisition of T cell markers in the absence of the thymic microenvironment in man. AB - The nature of the T colony-forming cell (T-CFC) in agar is still controversial. We present evidence that blood mononuclear cells depleted of T cells by E rosetting or lysis with OKT 3 and complement can give rise to E+ OKT 3+ colonies in the presence of supernatants of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes (P-SUP) containing a cell growth factor. Both OKT 4+ (67%) and OKT 8+ (32%) cells were found in the colonies, and less than 10% of these cells were Ia+. We consider that colonies in agar can arise from the proliferation and maturation of a circulating immature progenitor (T colony-forming cell, or T-CFC) that does not need the thymic environment to acquire the OKT 3, 4, and 8 antigens or E receptor. In contrast, Ia+ OKT 3+ cells that are maintained by P-SUP in long-term liquid culture are reportedly derived from mature T cells, and this proliferation might represent the counterpart of the in vivo response to any mitogenic stimulation of the peripheral compartment of mature T cells. PMID- 6971319 TI - T cell lines active in the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH). AB - Two allospecific uncloned T cell lines, C.C3.11.75 (H-2d anti-H-2k) and B6-C.7.76 (H-2b anti-H-2d), were assayed for their ability to elicit a DTH reaction in vivo. It was shown that both cell lines, C.C3.11.75 being cytolytic and B6-C.7.76 being noncytolytic, evoke a strong DTH reaction. The reaction was in tempo and histology typical for a DTH reaction and could not be distinguished from a DTH reaction elicited by in vivo generated T cells active in a GVH reaction. Both cell lines recognize a private specificity encoded in the H-2 IA subregion. Cell proliferation of the responder cells did not appear to be critical in the reaction nor are T cells from the host recruited during the reaction. The DTH reaction can be assayed in allogeneic hosts demonstrating a complete lack of H-2 restriction in the reaction even when presumably antigen presenting macrophages are removed from the stimulator cell population. Furthermore, tumor cells expressing IA antigens could be employed to cause the reaction in both syngeneic and allogeneic recipients. Cloned sublines of one of the lines are also active in the reaction. PMID- 6971320 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of nifedipine for systemic hypertension associated with aortocoronary bypass graft surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971323 TI - The role of the father in his son's marijuana use. AB - In order to explore perceived paternal correlates of adolescent marijuana use (both alone and in interaction with perceived maternal correlates), 71 adolescent boys were interviewed with a questionnaire assessing their perception of paternal and maternal warmth, child-centeredness, control through guilt, autonomy, and identification. The results showed users are less likely to perceive their fathers as affectionate and child-centered. The absence of both paternal tolerance in control and maternal affection is also associated with adolescent marijuana use. The results are discussed in terms of the possible impact of the father in the context of the family on the adolescent's marijuana use. PMID- 6971322 TI - An atlas of notochord and somite morphogenesis in several anuran and urodelean amphibians. AB - A scanning electron microscopic, comparative survey of notochord and somite formation including some details of change in cell morphology and arrangement, was made of selected stages of two species of anuran amphibians (Xenopus laevis and Rana pipiens) and two species of urodeles (Ambystoma mexicanum and Pleurodeles waltlii). The ectoderm or neural plate was removed from fixed embryos and the dorsal aspect of the developing notochord and somite mesoderm was photographed. Micrographs of comparable stages of all species were arranged together to form an atlas of notochord and somite formation. Similar morphogenetic events occur in the same sequence in the four species. Notochordal cells become distinguishable from paraxial mesodermal cells by shape, closeness of packing, and arrangement. Notochordal elongation is accompanied by a decrease in cross-sectional area and by cell rearrangement. Somitic mesoderm becomes distinguished from lateral mesoderm by a change in cell shape and orientation, followed by segmentation of somites. The schedule of somite formation was compared and related to the staging series for each species. The urodeles differ from the anurans in that the notochordal region in the early neurula stages in triangular, with the broadest part in the posterior region of the embryo. In anurans it is uniform in width. This difference may reflect differences in gastrulation and in the mechanism of elongation of the posterior part of the embryo in the neurula. PMID- 6971321 TI - [A case report of emergency surgical resection of left ventricular aneurysm associated with mobile pedunculated thrombi (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971324 TI - CSF cells in tuberculous meningitis. Humoral and cellular immune response. AB - In 10 patients with tuberculous meningitis both T and B lymphocyte activation was observed in the CSF from clinical onset of disease. During the course of the illness, the humoral response remained most marked, disappearing by 2 months, while the cellular immune response continued for about another 3 months. This contrasts with acute viral meningitis, in which both responses cease within 1-2 weeks of disease. PMID- 6971325 TI - Oblique-angle tomography: a restructuring algorithm for transaxial tomographic data. AB - A set of contiguous transaxial tomographic sections obtained with a rotating camera tomograph represents the full three-dimensional distribution of activity within a volume of the body. Tomographic sections in planes other than the origianl transverse plane can be produced from these data merely by resorting the data appropriately. The paper presents a simple and efficient algorithm for producing tomograms of the heart oriented either at right angles to the long axis of the left ventricle, or parallel to it. Tomograms in these orientations have specific advantages for imaging the heart and avoid some of the limitations seen in comparable tomograms obtained by the seven-pinhole technique. PMID- 6971326 TI - Variations in some of the body fluid hormone levels currently used for endocrine monitoring during the third trimester of pregnancy. AB - We have investigated the variability of four hormonal parameters used for the endocrine monitoring of the third trimester of pregnancy (E3, E4, HPL, SP1). We have observed no circadian rhythm of Estriol, Estetrol, HPL, and SP1. The within a-day and the day-to-day variations are much greater for E4 than for E3 and for HPL than for SP1. The standard deviations were great for the steroids, especially for E4 and much less for the protein hormones, especially SP1. This implies that it is necessary to have serial assays of the steroids to have any confidence in the levels, while good monitoring could be guaranteed with a smaller number of assays for HPL, and SP1. PMID- 6971327 TI - Transcutaneous electrical stimulation as an adjunct in the management of myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome. AB - Twenty-one patients, 14 women and seven men, presenting with symptoms of the MPD syndrome, were treated with a regimen based on a neuromuscular theory of occlusion involving TES. Evaluation of treatment results shows 95% success immediately after therapy and an 86% success 1 year after therapy. No effort was made to establish a personality profile on the patients nor to incorporate active psychotherapy in treatment. PMID- 6971328 TI - Lectin analysis of surface saccharides in two Trichomonas vaginalis strains differing in pathogenicity. PMID- 6971329 TI - Haemoperitoneum due to Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 6971330 TI - Community rheumatology practice in Thunder Bay: a Canadian experience from northwestern Ontario. AB - The practice experience of a rheumatologist in Thunder Bay, within the well defined, relatively isolated area of Northwestern Ontario, is described. The population base of approximately 200,000 results in a waiting period for elective consultations of 3 months. (The number of other consultants for musculoskeletal problems in the community compares favorably with national and provincial ratios.) The majority of patients had well-defined rheumatic diseases. Nonarticular rheumatism comprised a relatively small proportion of visits. A ratio of 1 rheumatologist: 100,000 population would seem to be a realistic one. PMID- 6971331 TI - Heterogeneity of polyclonal B-cell activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We have examined the abnormal in vitro polyclonal B-cell activity observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using a staphylococcal protein A reverse hemolytic plaque assay. We have found the mean level of circulating immunoglobulin secreting cells (IgSC) in 30 SLE patients to be significantly elevated compared to that of normal subjects, although half of the SLE patients fell within the normal range. Cultures of SLE peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MC) stimulated with optimal or suboptimal doses of pokeweek mitogen (PWM) showed depressed IgSC responses as a group, compared to cultures of normal MC (p less than 0.005), although a fraction of patients had normal responses. In 11 of 30 SLE patients, IgSC were less numerous in stimulated than in unstimulated cultures, whereas all normal subjects showed augmented IgSC response in stimulated cultures (p less than 0.005). Impaired in vitro response was not due to (1) altered PWM induced activation, (2) aberrant kinetic response or (3) decreased survival in culture of SLE MC. Of note, altered IgSC responses did not appear to reflect antecedent in vivo B-cell activation. Numbers of circulating IgSC and PWM-induced IgSC were not correlated with clinical and serological indices of disease activity or status of corticosteroid therapy. These data indicate considerable heterogeneity with respect to polyclonal B-cell activity in SLE, and provide further insight into the relationships of in vivo and in vitro B cell activation in patients with this disease. PMID- 6971332 TI - Modulation of human lymphocyte responses by neutrophil-derived factors: effects of neutrophils and neutrophil-derived factos. AB - Lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) occur together in inflammatory sites. We have examined the possibility that PMNs, or PMN-derived factors, might influence human peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) functions. PBL were cultured with or without antigen or phytomitogen, and with or without purified PMNs, PMN lysates or supernatants (SPTs) from PMNs that had phagocytized zymosan-complement complexes. PMN-derived enhancing and inhibitory activities were identified. Studies indicated: (1) PMNs exhibited concentration-dependent enhancement or inhibition of PVL methyl-3H-thymidine uptake; (2) lysates of PMNs similarly inhibited PBLs at high concentrations, enhanced with dilution, and inhibited with further dilution; (3) SPTs from PMN that had phagocytized zymosan complement also exhibited concentration-dependent enhancement and inhibition; (4) inhibition did not result from (a) mitogen binding or inactivation, (b) exhaustion of in vitro nutrients, (c) change of expected kinetics of responses, (d) alterations of cell numbers or viability; (5) enhancement and inhibition of PBL persisted after exposure to PMN SPT and washing before stimulation; and (6) PMN SPTs increased PBL ability to rosette with sheep erythrocytes. These observations identified two or more PMN-derived factors that may be important in modulating lymphocyte responses in acute and chronic inflammation. PMID- 6971334 TI - The detection of circulating immune complexes in normal subjects using four different methods. AB - 336 estimations of circulating immune complexes have been performed on the sera of blood donors by four different methods: the solid phase C1q binding test, the fluid phase C1q binding assay, the conglutinin binding test and the Raji cell radio-immune assay. Between 68 and 105 subjects were used in the analysis of each method. With the first three methods, immune complex levels showed a peaked asymmetric distribution with a positive tail including about 10% of subjects, whereas using the fourth method immune complex values were widely spread. No difference in immune complex values between males and females was found. There was a significant trend for the prevalence of immune complexes to increase with age when methods were used which detect complexes through C3 binding. In a further 13 subjects tested at regular intervals during a period of 24 hours, using the fluid phase C1q binding test, significant variations in immune complex levels were found but no consistent pattern of variation at different hours of the day or after meals could be seen. In studies of immune complexes on small groups of patients it is advisable to test multiple samples from te same subjects taken at different times, whereas when large series of patients are being studied results should be compared to those obtained with age matched controls. PMID- 6971333 TI - Human postthymic precursor cells in health and disease. II. Their loss and dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus and their partial correction with serum thymic factor. AB - We have recently described that human autologous rosette-forming (Tar) cells have the characteristics of postthymic precursor cells. Herein we report that we found circulating Tar cells significantly diminished in 32 patients with untreated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as compared to 32 age/sex matched controls. Pretreatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from SLE patients with serum from young normal adults or wtih serum thymic factors (FTS) increased their percentages of Tar cells significantly but reached near normal values in only 3 patients with inactive disease. Patients and normal subjects had similar percentages of Tar cells binding peanut-agglutinin. Characteristic functions of postthymic precursor cells are feedback inhibition and generation of suppressor cells which we studied in systems where we depleted or added Tar cells to Tmu and B cells, or MNC, respectively, using as indicators the production of immunoglobulins measured in culture supernatants or 3H-thymidine incorporation. We found both functions diminished in SLE patients despite using the presence of a qualitative as well as quantitative defect. In two SLE patients studied both of these functions corrected partially when their Tar cells were pretreated with FTS. In 20 SLE patients we studied Tgamma and Tmu cells as well as Concanavalin-A induced, spontaneously-expanded suppression and found Concanavalin-A-induced, spontaneously-expanded suppressor function and Tgamma cells diminished. However only the reduction of Tgamma and of spontaneously-expanded suppressor function were found to relate to disease activity. On the other hand, Tmu cells were found to be similar in numbers in SLE patients and normal controls. PMID- 6971335 TI - Treatment of nonunion of the tibia with constant direct current (1980 Fitts Lecture, A.A.S.T.). AB - The technique for treating nonunion of the tibia by means of electricity delivered to the site by percutaneously inserted electrodes is described. Of 131 tibial nonunions so treated with constant direct current for 12 weeks, 107 (81.7%) achieved solid bony union. Analysis of the 24 failures in the series indicated that eight of the patients did not receive adequate electricity. Of the 123 patients who did receive adequate electrical treatment (four cathodes each delivering 20 microamperes continuously for 12 weeks), 107 (87%) achieved bony union. The presence of previous osteomyelitis at the fracture site or the presence of previously inserted metallic fixation devices did not effect the end result heal rate. Comparison of the rate of union reported in this study to rates of union reported in the literature for bone graft surgery reveal no statistically significant differences in the results achieved by the two methods. Since the risk/benefit ratio is lower for direct current treatment of nonunion than that associated with conventional bone graft surgery. It is concluded that the electrical treatment of nonunion promises to become the preferred method of treatment for that condition. PMID- 6971336 TI - Spleen focus-forming virus: specific neutralization by antisera to certain gag gene-encoded proteins. AB - Immunization of rats with syngeneic cells infected with spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) but not with its helper, Friend murine leukemia virus (FMuLV), produces antisera which specifically neutralize SFFV, and not FMuLV, in the Friend virus complex. To determine which SFFV-encoded protein molecule bears the antigen recognized by these neutralizing antibodies, we studied different lots of rat anti-SFFV antiserum by immunoprecipitation and virus neutralization assays. The ability of these sera to neutralize SFFV correlated with the titer of antibodies to p45gag and not with the titer of those to gp52, suggesting that the neutralizing antibodies recognize the p45gag molecule. To verify this specificity for p45gag, we tested antisera to various MuLV gag gene-encoded proteins for neutralization of SFFV. Goat anti-Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RMuLV) p30 and goat anti-RMuLV p10 sera neither precipitated p45gag from SFFV-infected nonproducer cells nor neutralized SFFV. In contrast, goat anti-RMuLV Pr65gag and goat anti-RMuLV p12 sera precipitated p45gag from SFFV-infected cells and also specifically neutralized SFFV in the Friend virus complex. These findings suggest that, unlike the gag proteins coded for by FMuLV, the proteins coded for by defective SFFV are incorporated into the envelope of virions carrying the SFFV genome, but not into the envelope of those carrying the helper FMuLV genome. PMID- 6971337 TI - Evaluation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in renal adenocarcinoma before and after surgical removal of the tumor. AB - Peripheral blood T lymphocytes were studied in 24 untreated patients with renal adenocarcinoma, 80 per cent of whom had local extension of the tumor. T lymphocytes were evaluated with the total and the active rosette assays, and were further submitted to stimulation by a range of phytohemagglutinin concentrations in vitro. Controls were healthy volunteers tested on the same days as the patients. Total E-rosette forming cells were slightly decreased but the difference compared to controls was not significant. Active rosettes were normal. When present lymphocytopenia affected total E-rosette forming cells. The mean of the log-converted stimulation indexes was reduced significantly in the patient group only when a suboptimal concentration of phytohemagglutinin was used. Total E-rosette forming cells returned to normal 3 weeks postoperatively but lymphocyte reactivity did not improve and active rosette forming cells remained within normal range. Thus, only minor abnormalities of T lymphocytes were disclosed in this study, suggesting functional alterations rather than depletion. Our study confirms that a cancer operation may act as immunotherapy. PMID- 6971338 TI - [Clinical evaluation of transcatheter embolization (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971339 TI - [Evaluation of transcatheter embolization therapy with ethyl 2--cyanoacrylate for control of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971340 TI - [The evaluation of xeroradiography on the diagnosis of skin tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971342 TI - [Effect of platelet factor on the growth of epidermal cells and fibroblasts in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971343 TI - [A case of Werner's syndrome in which lowered activity of a platelet-dependent serum factor for cell growth and reduced growth potential of fibroblasts and epidermal cells were demonstrated (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971341 TI - [A case of diffuse plane xanthomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971344 TI - [Histocompatible antigens in vitiligo vulgaris II (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971345 TI - [The histochemical distribution of protein-bound sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds in human skin--especially three mobilities in dermis and cutaneous appendages (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971346 TI - [Werner's syndrome associated with malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971347 TI - [Studies on the permeability of human skin to nicotinic acid, methyl nicotinate and butyl nicotinate. -- with emphasis on the influence of liquid vehicles and that of water immersion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971348 TI - [Fatty degeneration of nervus cell (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971349 TI - [Clinical studies on purpura pigmentosa progressiva (angiodermatitis). Part I. Clinical and histopathological findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971350 TI - [Clinical studies on purpura pigmentosa progressiva(angiodermatitis). Part II. Clinical course and prognosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971351 TI - [Estimation of scratch movement of hands in night by use of computer system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971352 TI - [Transepithelial elimination in metastatic skin carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971353 TI - [Studies on experimental skin cancer--micro- and electron microscopic studies by 3H-TdR flash labelling method and nuclear DNA measurement in cancer cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971354 TI - [20-methylcholanthrene-induced mice skin cancer. Part 1. Histological studies on tumor developing process (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971355 TI - [20-methylcholanthrene-induced mice skin cancer: Part 3: Studies on co carcinogenic and suppressive factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971358 TI - [Ultrastructural studies of the Merkel cells in the 20-day fetus rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971356 TI - [Squalene peroxide formation by UVA irradiation with or without 8-MOP (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971357 TI - [Dynamic changes of sulfide and disulfide groups in the abnormal keratinization process of hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971359 TI - [The meaning of B lymphocyte subset patterns in primary renal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971360 TI - [Conceptual design for chemical black box (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971361 TI - Bleeding Meckel's diverticulum diagnosed with 99mTc-pertechnetate. AB - The diagnosis of bleeding Meckel's diverticulum in an 11 year old boy, an 8 year old girl and a 2 1/2 year old boy, was established preoperatively using 99mTc pertechnetate. These abdominal scannings were of value in the management of patients with rectal bleeding after ruling out other disorders by hematologic tests, usual radiologic studies and endoscopic examinations. To reduce ambiguities, the scanning was performed with the child in a fasting state and a nasogastric tube was led into the stomach to minimize volume and flow of radioactive gastric juice into the intestinal tract. Based on our experiences and review of reported cases, applicability of the scanning in the management of patients with Meckel's diverticulum is discussed. PMID- 6971362 TI - Gastrectomy in siblings with Christmas disease (hemophilia B). AB - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage is regarded as one of the commonest clinical manifestations of classic hemophilia and Christmas disease. Although major surgery is usually avoided in such cases, recently we had 2 cases of Christmas disease in siblings who had undergone a successful gastrectomy and concomitant administration of a concentrated preparation of factor IX. In addition, findings in 7 other Japanese patients with hemophilia who underwent gastrectomy are discussed. PMID- 6971364 TI - [Hemorrhages and anemia in patients with hiatal hernias]. PMID- 6971363 TI - [Evaluation of the adequacy of myocardial protection during aortocoronary shunting by electron microscopy data on intraoperative heart biopsies]. AB - To evaluate the efficacy of combined cold and pharmacological protection of the myocardium in aortocoronary shunting, study of myocardial ultrastructure with quantitative stereological analysis of the mitochondria was conducted in 56 puncture biopsies; the material was collected in 28 patients with chronic ischemic heart disease before the aorta was clamped and after the clamp was removed. The period of anoxia did not exceed 68 minutes. The absence of irreparable morphological changes in the cardiomyocytes correlated with the character of restoration of cardiac activity and function after the operation, which allowed the conclusion that this is an effective method for protecting the myocardium of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease from anoxia during 68 minutes of cardioplegia. PMID- 6971365 TI - [Use of levamisole in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6971366 TI - The effect of cysteate, a precursor of taurine, on the electroretinogram of the frog retina. PMID- 6971367 TI - [Regional anesthesia by conduction anesthesia and reflexotherapy technics in the acute readaptation period following antiorthostatic hypokinesia]. AB - After 7-day head-down tilt at --8 degrees six healthy male test subjects were exposed to leg anesthesia achieved by peridural anesthesia (3 subjects) and electroauriculoacuanalgesia (3 subjects), with circulation parameters being monitored. The anesthetic effect was not accompanied by significant changes in hemodynamics or homeostasis. PMID- 6971370 TI - H-2 I alloantigens and recall of memory cytotoxic responses. AB - AQR mice were immunized with H-2K and H-2 I encoded alloantigens presented by (Ax6R)F1 splenocytes. Spleen cells from these alloimmune mice were subsequently restimulated in vitro with B10.A lymphocytes and/or B10.T(6R) lymphocytes, thus presenting them with the immunizing H-2K and H-2 I alloantigens independently. When stimulated with B10.A lymphocytes, alloimmune lymphocytes develop significant cytotoxicity against the immunizing H-2K target antigens. When stimulated with a similar number of B10.T(6R) spleen cells, alloimmune lymphocytes undergo a prominant proliferative response, but develop little, if any, cytotoxicity against the immunizing H-2 K target antigens. The most efficient restimulation of cytotoxicity occurs when the alloimmune spleen cells are simultaneously restimulated by B10.A and B10.T(6R) lymphocytes. Stimulation with the immunizing H-2 I alloantigens alone is not sufficient for regeneration of detectable cytotoxic responses from alloimmune spleen populations. Stimulation with the immunizing H-2K alloantigens alone appears to be both necessary and sufficient to stimulate alloimmune cytotoxic responses. Although the immunizing H 2 I alloantigens are apparently not required to generate alloimmune cytotoxic responses, they markedly potentiate the cytotoxic responses induced by the immunizing H-2K alloantigens. PMID- 6971369 TI - C-21- and 6-hydroxylation of progesterone by detergent solubilised hepatic microsomal fractions. PMID- 6971371 TI - Enhanced lymphoid and decreased myeloid reconstituting ability of stem cells from long-term cultures of mouse bone marrow. AB - Mature, functional lymphocytes rapidly disappear from long-term cultures of mouse bone marrow cells and never reappear. One reason for the loss of B lymphocytes is that the optimal culture conditions for maintenance of myeloid stem cells are suboptimal for lymphocyte survival. However, despite the absence of functional lymphocytes, stem cells from such cultures retain the ability to reconstitute irradiated mice with mitogen-responsive B and T lymphocytes. In fact, in vitro grown stem cells repopulate the lymphoid system better than the myeloid system; the defective myeloid potential does not result from the absence in the cultures of Thy--1 bearing regulatory cells (TSRC). Although the cultures lack mature lymphocytes, they contain putative T cell precursors detectable with an in vitro colony-forming assay (CFU-T). In vitro maintenance of CFU-T requires an appropriate adherent monolayer. Monolyaters from congenitally anemic mice of genotype Sl/Sld fail to support either myeloid precursors or CFU-T. PMID- 6971368 TI - [Color discrimination in humans during vestibular stimulation following exposure to intense light]. AB - Manned studies have demonstrated that eye exposure to light of 2.5 X 10(3) -- 50.0 X 10(3) nit leads to transient color blindness, decrease in the central color, bright contrast sensitivity and decline in functional stability of color discrimination. Pre-exposure to light luminosity of 50.0 X 10(3) nit enhances the decrease in functional stability of color discrimination due to vestibular stimulation. This is accompanied by a decline in vestibular tolerance. Mechanisms of the changes in color discrimination and resistance to vestibular stimulation are discussed. PMID- 6971372 TI - Inhibition of alpha-bungarotoxin binding to acetylcholine receptors by antisera from animals with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. AB - Conditions are described for an assay that allows the percent inhibition of alpha bungarotoxin binding to acetylcholine receptors by antisera and monovalent antigen-binding fragments of antibody molecules (Fab) to be determined. Anti Torpedo californica acetylcholine-receptor antisera, prepared in New Zealand White rabbits and Lewis rats, were tested for the ability to inhibit [125I]-alpha bungarotoxin binding to membrane-associated and detergent-solubilized T californica acetylcholine receptors. Similar inhibition studies were performed using rabbit antisera and antigen-binding fragments prepared against each of the four acetylcholine receptor subunits. Antisera and antigen-binding fragments prepared against intact receptor could inhibit a maximum of 50% of the alpha bungarotoxin binding to solubilized receptor. The results using monovalent antigen-binding fragments indicated that the inhibition was not due to antibody mediated aggregation of receptor molecules. Rabbits and rats immunized with receptor denatured by sodium dodecyl sulfate all produced antisera that could bind to nondenatured receptor, but none of these animals developed experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. These results suggest that the antigenic determinants present on acetylcholine receptors responsible for induction of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis are lost with sodium dodecyl sulfate denaturation. A strong correlation was also observed between the presence of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats and rabbits and the ability of the antisera from these animals to inhibit 50% of alpha-bungarotoxin binding to solubilized acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 6971373 TI - Promotion of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in vitro by a soluble mediator, allogeneic effect factor. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effects of allogenic effect factor (AEF), a soluble mediator derived from short-term mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) of in vitro alloantigen-primed T cells, on cultures of murine bone marrow cells. Cultures established under suboptimal conditions namely, in the absence of a pre established adherent cell layer as required in conventional Dexter-type cultures- declined and lost their stem cell activity rapidly. In contrast, supplementation of these cultures, at initiation and thereafter, with AEF, but not with T cell growth factor (TCGF), induced cell growth and proliferation for several weeks. Such AEF-supplemented cultures exhibited cellular heterogeneity and stem cell activity for significantly longer periods than the control cultures. Even in conventional Dexter cultures, established under optimal conditions, AEF had a beneficial effect on cellular growth and proliferation and myeloid progenitor cell (CFU-C) activity. Furthermore, cell capable of synergizing with suboptimal numbers of mature T cells in con A-induced mitogenic responses, shown by others to be pre-T cells, were detected in the AEF-supplemented cultures for several weeks. PMID- 6971374 TI - Immunoregulation by thymopoietin. PMID- 6971375 TI - Late clinical and arteriographic results in 500 coronary artery reoperations. AB - The incidence of coronary artery reoperations averaged 2.7% from 1967 through 1979. In a mean interval of 51 months between operations, three-vessel disease increased from 24% to 63%, and 31% of these 500 consecutive patients lost previously normal left ventricular function. Three angiographic indication groups were identified: (1) progressive coronary atherosclerosis, 247 (51%); (2) graft failure, 147 (29%); and (3) a combination of progressive coronary atherosclerosis and graft failure, 96 (19%). Angina recurred earlier in patient with graft failure, mean 17 months compared with a mean of 37 months for the other groups. Twenty (4%) operative deaths occurred. The series is divided into 387 patients operated upon under normothermic anoxic arrest and 113 with systemic hypothermia and cold cardioplegia. In the cardioplegia group, perioperative myocardial infarction was 2.7% in comparison with 7.8% for patients with anoxic arrest (p = 0.055). The number of grafts per patient increased from 1.0 to 1.9 and blood usage decreased from 11 units to 2.7 units. After a mean follow-up of 42 months, angina was relieved or improved in 86%. Recatheterization of 104 patients after a mean interval of 19 months showed a 79% vein graft patency rate and a 97% mammary artery graft patency rate. Grafting performed for graft failure (47) yielded an 85% patency rate. Actuarial 5 year survival was 87.4% for those with progressive atherosclerosis, 89.4% for patients with graft failure, and 91.5% for the combined indication group. Clinical improvement, graft patency, and long-term survival are nearly equal among the indication groups. Palliation derived from these reoperations approaches that achieved after primary revascularization. PMID- 6971380 TI - [Coronary survey and bypass-operations in the Orebro area 1977-79]. PMID- 6971377 TI - Aortic graft-enteric fistula. AB - Fifteen years' experience with 20 patients undergoing 24 operations for intestinal bleeding from aortic graft-enteric fistula at the Mayo Clinic has been reviewed. A review of the English language literature permits analysis of an additional 127 patients who underwent surgical intervention for this condition. Associated operative mortality in our experience and in that of others has been high--55% and 46%, respectively. Long-term survival in both groups remains low- approximately 15%. Consideration has therefore been given to aspects of prophylaxis, diagnosis, and intervention which may minimize future morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6971376 TI - A rationale for the use of sequential coronary artery bypass grafts. AB - The use of sequential coronary artery bypass grafts has been advocated because of improved graft runoff and increased blood flow through the graft with this technique. To examine the influence of runoff, quantitated in terms of coronary vascular resistance, on the velocity of blood flow through coronary artery bypass grafts, we made two sets of simultaneous pressure and flow measurements in 106 single grafts and in 35 double sequential grafts. The first set of measurements was obtained following the aortic anastomosis and the second set of measurements was made following completion of the coronary anastomosis. Resistance of the coronary bed was calculated from the two sets of measurements. The velocity of blood flow through the grafts was calculated from vein graft diameter and the second flow measurement. No significant difference was found between the diameter of single vein grafts (4.0 +/- 0.05 mm.) and sequential vein grafts (4.1 +/- 0.09 nm.). Coronary vascular resistance in the sequential grafts (100.0 +/- 15.6 RU) was lower than that in single grafts (174.6 +/- 14.6 RU, p = 0.001). Velocity of blood flow through the proximal segment of the sequential grafts (11.1 +/- 1.1 cm/sec) was higher than that through single grafts (7.5 +/- 0.6 cm/sec, p = 0.003). The proximal segment of the sequential bypass graft has a higher velocity of blood flow than that seen in a single bypass graft. To obtain maximum hemodynamic advantage with the possibility of improving long-term patency rates, it is advisable to use the smaller coronary artery for the proximal sequential anastomosis. PMID- 6971379 TI - [Examination of the skeleton. Comparison of various methods]. PMID- 6971382 TI - [Hemorrhage following tonsillectomy: causes, prevention and therapeutic measures]. PMID- 6971378 TI - A prospective study of peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetes. IV. Platelet and plasma functions. AB - Platelet factor 4-like activity, circulating platelet-aggregate ratios, ristocetin cofactor, Willebrand antigen, ADP-induced platelet aggregation enhancing factor, and quantitative platelet aggregation response to ADP, epinephrine, and collagen in platelet-rich plasma were measured in four groups of subjects with similar age and sex distribution. Neither platelet factor 4-like activity nor circulating platelet-aggregate ratios differentiated these four groups. Platelet aggregation studies with ADP a subthreshold concentration support the concept of hypersensitivity of diabetic platelets in males. Male and female subjects differ significantly in their quantitative response to aggregating agents when such studies are done under similar conditions. Willebrand factor activity and Willebrand antigen normally increase with age. Elevation in these activities above that accounted for by age characterizes the presence of vascular disease but not diabetes mellitus in the absence of vascular disease. A plasma factor enhancing platelet aggregation could not be demonstrated in most diabetic patients in this study. PMID- 6971381 TI - [The emergency portacaval shunt in the treatment of persistent hemorrhage from gastroesophageal varices (author's transl)]. AB - From 1963 to March 1980 a delayed portacaval emergency shunt was carried out in 103 unselected patients with persistent hemorrhage from gastroesophageal varices. A portacaval shunt was not performed in patients with hepatic coma and renal insufficiency. Operative mortality was 29% with 10% in cases with risk A, 26% in cases with risk B, and 58% in risk C according to Child's classification. PMID- 6971386 TI - [Therapy of bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 6971383 TI - [The neodym-yag-laser: an effective instrument for stopping gastrointestinal bleeding (author's transl)]. AB - Fotocoagulation was performed during 291 emergency endoscopies, mostly in the upper gastrointestinal tract with a neodym-yag-laser from Nov. 1st '78 to Okt. 30th '80; 324 sources of bleeding could be localized in the cases mentioned. Under optimal conditions an immediate stop of bleeding could be achieved in 99% by this procedure. In 27% of cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding relapses occurred within 4 weeks after fotocoagulation, but only a few of these cases bled from areas coagulated before. Therefore it can be said, that neodym-yag-laser is a very effective instrument in stopping lifethreatening gastrointestinal bleeding, especially if the new transmission system is used (quartzmonofiber with coaxial CO2-jet-stream). PMID- 6971384 TI - Effects of acutely and chronically administered antidepressants on the clonidine induced decrease in rat brain 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene-glycol sulphate content. PMID- 6971385 TI - The effects of hyposmolality on spinal cord activity. PMID- 6971387 TI - Glomerular thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and significance. PMID- 6971388 TI - Serological findings in patients with "ANA-negative" systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Serological studies were performed on sera from 66 patients with the clinical picture of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These sera failed to give a positive antinuclear antibody test when tested on cryostat sections of mouse liver and thus these patients' sera appear to be ANA negative. Precipitating antibodies to the cytoplasmic antigen Ro were found in 41 cases and of the remaining 25 sera, 18 were found to have antibodies to single stranded DNA detectable by radioimmunoassay. Thus, 50 of the 66 patients exhibited serological findings which are commonly found in ANA positive SLE patients. Studies with KB cells as immunofluorescent substrate revealed that 66% of these sera were positive for nuclear staining demonstrating that at least part of the failure of these sera to stain mouse liver is due to antigenic deficiency of this substrate. The clinical picture of these patients was dominated by a severe photosensitive dermatitis but more than half of the patients had widespread multisystem disease. As a group these patients had a low frequency of nephritis and neuropsychiatric disease. Detection of these antibodies relates these patients serologically to other SLE patients and suggests that they are best perceived as part of the clinical spectrum of SLE. PMID- 6971389 TI - Low responsiveness of human neonatal lymphocytes to a B-cell mitogen, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SpA CoI). AB - Responses of neonatal and adult lymphocytes to various mitogens were studied. Lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood (UCB) responded well to both phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, and also to pokeweed mitogen and Staphylococcus aureus Protein A. The responses of UCB lymphocytes to these mitogens were not significantly lower than those of adult peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In contrast, UCB lymphocytes showed only a minimal response to killed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SpA CoI), a potent B-cell mitogen for human PBL, although the proportion of B cells in UCB was not less than that in PBL. The low level of response of lymphocytes from UCB to SpA CoI was not ascribed to differences in dose response or kinetics. Purified B cells from UCB were not stimulated by SpA CoI either, suggesting tht the low responsiveness was not due to the suppressive effect of T cells or macrophages, but to some intrinsic defect in B cells in UCB. These results suggest that the B cells in neonates may be more immature than the T cells. PMID- 6971391 TI - Purification and some properties of beta-lactamases from Proteus rettgeri and Proteus inconstans. AB - Two beta-lactamases were isolated from strains of Proteus species and purified, one from a strain of P. rettgeri and the other from a strain of P. inconstans. Each enzyme preparation gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weights of P. rettgeri and P. inconstans enzymes were found to be 42,000 and 43,000, and their isoelectric points pH 8.7 and 8.6, respectively. The two enzymes presented typical cephalosporinase profiles. Cefmetazole (CS-1170) and cefoxitin, both cephamycin antibiotics, not only resisted hydrolysis by both of the enzymes, but also inhibited their activities competitively. Rabbit antiserum against purified P. rettgeri enzyme inhibited the activity of both purified and crude enzyme preparations from other strains of P. rettgeri so far tested. None of the beta-lactamases produced by other species of Proteus including P. inconstans was inhibited by the antiserum, thus showing that the purified cephalosporinase was of the species-specific types. The enzymological properties of the preparations were compared with those of beta lactamases derived from other gram-negative enteric bacteria. PMID- 6971390 TI - B cell tolerance: B cells rendered tolerant are present in the immune system in a potentially responsive form. AB - The mechanisms of B cell tolerance were studied in an attempt to learn whether B cells rendered tolerant are present in the immune system in a potentially responsive form. The author tested the in vitro anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibody-forming cell (anti-TNP AFC) response to TNP-immunogens and polyclonal B cell activators (PBA) of spleen cells taken from mice injected with a tolerogen, TNP-carboxymethylcellulose (TNP-CMC). Spleen cells from mice injected 5 days previously with 10 microgram of TNP-CMC did not respond to TNP-sheep red blood cells (TNP-SRBC), T-dependent (TD) antigen or TNP-Ficoll, T-independent (TI) antigen. However, the same spleen cells responded to PBA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Salmonella enteritidis and purified protein derivative (PPD) of BCG. The results indicate that B cells specific for TNP are present in a potentially responsive form. Spleen cells from mice injected with 500 microgram of TNP-CMC did not respond to either TNP-immunogens or PBA. The state of unresponsiveness to PBA reappeared within the short period of 2 days, whereas unresponsiveness to TNP immunogens lasted much longer. Unresponsiveness to PBA was relieved considerably by treating tolerant spleen cells with the proteolytic enzyme trypsin before in vitro stimulation. These results indicate that B cells rendered refractory are present in the immune system in a potentially responsive form. PMID- 6971395 TI - HLA and rheumatic disease. PMID- 6971393 TI - Aberrancies of human T--and B--lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood. PMID- 6971394 TI - [A case of Parenti-Fraccaro achondrogenesis]. PMID- 6971392 TI - Establishment of autoantibody-producing cell lines from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Autoantibody-producing B cell lines were established from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from five of seven patients were successfully transformed by Epstein-Barr virus. Two of four established B lymphoblastoid cell lines examined in this study produced anti-nuclear factor antibodies and one of them produced anti-single-stranded DNA and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. These results indicate that B cell clones committed to self antigens are transformed by Epstein Barr virus and continue to produce autoantibodies. In order to establish a monoclonal autoantibody-producing B cell line, the cells were cloned by a limiting dilution method. The data suggest that it is possible to establish a monoclonal autoantibody-producing B cell line by the combination of transformation of B cells by Epstein-Barr virus and extensive cloning. PMID- 6971396 TI - [Autoimmune pathology of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6971397 TI - Studies on the purification and structure-functional relationships of murine lymphocyte activating factor (Interleukin 1). PMID- 6971398 TI - Functional and molecular characteristics of T-cell growth factor. PMID- 6971399 TI - Revised nomenclature for antigen-nonspecific T cell proliferation and helper factors. PMID- 6971400 TI - Immunoglobulin messenger RNAs of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6971401 TI - Transplantation of islet cells--isografts and allografts. AB - In the short span of 6 years, remarkable advances have been made in islet transplantation. Techniques have been developed which permit the successful reversal of the diabetic state in rats by transplanting isografts of either adult islets, dispersed neonatal pancreases or fetal pancreatic tissue. Islet transplantation prevents or reverses early microvascular complications of the diabetic state in animals. The immune barrier has been bent by simple in vitro procedures which apparently alter the passenger leucocytes of the islets and thus markedly prolong allograft survival. The safety of islet transplant procedures has been established in man. Hopefully, future investigations will continue the bending and lead to the breaking of the immune barrier so that it can be determined whether islet transplantation in man will prevent, arrest or reverse the microvascular, macrovascular and neurological complications that occur in the diabetic patient. PMID- 6971402 TI - The effect of I.V. injection of small amounts of calcium on gastric secretion and gastrin hormone in patients suffering from a duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6971403 TI - Fusiform aneurysm of the superior vena cava. PMID- 6971404 TI - The role of insufficiency of the Sphincter of Oddi in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. PMID- 6971405 TI - Inflammatory esophagogastric polyp: roentgen features. PMID- 6971406 TI - Annular lipoma of the mesentery as an unusual cause of small bowel obstruction. PMID- 6971407 TI - Pyopneumothorax as a complication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bronchopneumonia: a case report. PMID- 6971408 TI - Fatal brain abscess following periodontal therapy: a case report. PMID- 6971409 TI - Presumptive myelopathy following varicella. PMID- 6971412 TI - Acute rabies death mediated by antibody. AB - Among inadequately immunized laboratory animals dying of rabies, a small but consistent proportion succumb after an incubation period shorter than that of any of the unvaccinated controls and this phenomenon has been termed 'early death'. It has also been shown that, after immunosuppression either with cyclophosphamide or by thymectomy and irradiation, rabies-infected animals survive longer with decreased incidence of paralysis. It appears that 'early death' also occurs in humans who have been treated (unsuccessfully) with vaccine, with or without accompanying serum therapy, after exposure to rabies. Collectively, these studies suggest that there is a immunopathological component in rabies virus infection. We have therefore investigated a model of lethal rabies infection in immunosuppressed mice and have concluded that B lymphocytes or antibody specific for rabies play a part in the causation of early death. Accordingly the immune response to rabies has a dual role, sometimes favouring survival but sometimes enhancing the disease. PMID- 6971413 TI - Electrical coupling between fibre cells in amphibian and cephalopod lenses. AB - The lenses of vertebrate and cephalopod eyes differ ontogenetically and in other respects. The vertebrate lens, derived from a single cell type, consists mainly of long fibre cells continuously produced by division and elongation of columnar epithelial cells near the lens equator. Almost 50% of the fibre cell surface consists of junctional complexes and the internal resistance, from point to point within the lens, is low compared with the surface membrane resistance. Thus the vertebrate lens is expected to behave as a well coupled syncytial system. The cephalopod lens, however, is formed by the fusion of two distinct cell types; the anterior segment has the same ontogenetic origin as the cornea but the posterior segment shares a common origin with the retina, and the plane of contact of the two cell types can be seen in light-microscope sections. Most of the lens is composed of long fibre cells similar in appearance to those found in the vertebrate lens, and membrane junctional regions between adjacent fibres have also been tentatively identified. We now describe electrophysiological investigations of cellular communications in the cephalopod lens, which show marked differences in the intercellular electrical coupling within the vertebrate (amphibian) and cephalopod lens. PMID- 6971414 TI - [The diagnostic value of the CT scan in subarachnoid haemorrhage from intracranial aneurysms (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage from aneurysms are reported. Computer tomography gave direct evidence of aneurysm in 13 cases and indirect signs in 25 cases. In the remaining 12 cases the aneurysm could not be located. Apart from this we were able to demonstrate 16 intraventricular haemorrhages, 16 intracerebral haemorrhages, six cases of oedema of the brain, nine subarachnoid haemorrhages and, finally on 31 occasions enlargement of the ventricles. The role of the CT scan has been investigated in terms of its value in the planning and execution of surgical treatment. PMID- 6971410 TI - Phenotypic characterization of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Use of monoclonal antibodies to compare with other malignant T cells. AB - We studied the surface-antigen pattern of T cells in peripheral blood and cell lines from patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) or T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The antigen patterns of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells from peripheral blood and established cell lines were nearly identical; the cells were negative for human thymus antigen (OKT6 and NA1/34), positive for pan T-cell (OKT3, 17F12, 10.2, and 9.6) and helper-T-cell-subset (OKT4) antigens, and negative for T-cell-subset antigens 3A1 and OKT8. In contrast, the phenotypes of malignant T cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were heterogeneous, with at least five patterns of reactivity. The T-cell-specific antibody 3A1 was the only monoclonal reagent that clearly distinguished the peripheral-blood T cells in CTCL (3A1-) from those in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (3A1+). Moreover, 3A1 was the most reliable T-cell marker in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We conclude that circulating CTCL (Sezary) T cells are homogeneous in their antigen phenotype and are derived from a well-differentiated 3A1-, OKT4+, OKT8- helper-T-cell subset. PMID- 6971411 TI - Immune reactivity of progeny of tetraparental male mice. AB - Steele and Gorczynski have recently suggested that inbred male mice rendered tolerant at birth to the alloantigens of an H-2 plus non-H-2 incompatible inbred strain can transmit this tolerance or hyporeactivity, as measured in a primary anti-H-2 cytotoxic T-cell test in vitro, to their progeny, born of normally reactive females syngeneic with the males. As a corollary, it might be expected that the progeny of tetraparental males which are tolerant because from earliest fetal development they are chimaeric with respect to all tissues, including haematopoietic cells and germ cells, might in turn be tolerant to the other set of paternal alloantigens. We have now found, on the contrary, that inbred progeny of one component of a tetraparental male showed heightened responsiveness to the other paternal alloantigens. PMID- 6971415 TI - Metrizamide cisternography in the diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas. AB - Seventy-three cisternographies with metrizamide were performed on 69 patients, mainly for diagnosis of an acoustic neurinoma. Of the 31 patients with pathological findings on cisternography 26 underwent surgery for 23 acoustic neurinomas, one neurinoma of the facial nerve, and two meningiomas. For diagnosing small tumours of the cerebellopontine cistern, cisternography is superior to all other neuroradiological methods. Tomography of the porus acusticus internus and CT scanning are the initial radiological methods in patients with signs of cerebellopontine angle lesions; if no lesion is disclosed by these two methods cisternography with metrizamide should be performed to exclude a small tumour, particularly a small acoustic neurinoma. PMID- 6971416 TI - Cerebellar atrophy demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - We studied 55 cases of cerebellar atrophy identified by computerized tomography. Atrophy was determined by subjective assessment and objective measurements (superior cerebellar cistern, fourth ventricle, and brainstem). Different patterns of cerebellar atrophy were related to clinical diagnoses. A high incidence of vermal atrophy was observed in primary cerebellar degeneration and chronic alcoholism. More than half the patients with alcoholism had hemispheral atrophy. Vermal atrophy and enlargement of superior cerebellar cisterns (but not hemispheral atrophy) were associated with carcinomatous cerebellar degeneration. Atrophy caused by chronic phenytoin usage showed a specific pattern of enlargement of the cisterna magna, cerebellopontine angle, and superior cerebellar cisterns. Supratentorial atrophy was increased significantly only in the alcoholics. In general, limb ataxia, dysarthria, and nystagmus were related to hemispheral but not to vermal atrophy. PMID- 6971418 TI - [Controlled study of unspecific cellular immunity in cancer patients]. AB - Cellular immunity has been studied in 92 patients with solid tumors undergoing surgery, in order to evaluate immunocompetence at the time of diagnosis and to assess the prognostic value of parameters of cellular immunity. The results show that total lymphocyte counts, T-lymphocyte counts and lymphocyte blastogenic responses are moderately depressed at diagnosis in the cancer patients as compared to age matched controls. These parameters of cell mediated immunity "in vitro" seem to be of limited prognostic value, since no correlation was found with the clinical course during the first 6 postoperative months. Depression of delayed hypersensitivity response to cutaneous antigens appeared to be an index of poor prognosis. PMID- 6971417 TI - Visual-vestibular interaction in multiple sclerosis. AB - Visual modulation of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) was analyzed in 20 patients with multiple sclerosis who had no vestibular or ocular motor symptoms. Visual suppression of the VOR was impaired in 75% of patients. VOR gains in darkness were elevated in 35% of patients. Elevated VOR gain in darkness is attributed to vestibular adaptation to defective smooth pursuit. This vestibular plasticity achieved retinal image stability by matching eye velocity to head velocity when stationary targets were viewed. The high incidence of impaired visual suppression of the VOR rivals the sensitivity of other physiologic tests used to identify multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6971420 TI - Anterior hypothalamic knife cut eliminates a specific component of the predatory behavior elicited by electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus or ventral midbrain in the cat. AB - Following unilateral transection of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) within the anterior hypothalamic-preoptic region of cats, the biting attack upon a rat elicited by ipsilateral posterior hypothalamic or ventral midbrain stimulation is eliminated, although the cat continues to approach from 2.8 metres away to within several centimetres of the rat. In contrast, both the approach to and biting attack upon a rat elicited by contralateral posterior hypothalamic and ventral midbrain stimulation are unchanged. The results suggest that specific agents (biting, approach) of the elicited behaviour may be mediated by neural effects which proceed along anatomically distinct components of the ascending as well as the descending MFB. PMID- 6971419 TI - Suggested evolution of tonotopic organization in the frog amphibian papilla. AB - As one progresses from the most primitive to the most derived frogs, one observes remarkable changes in that peculiarly amphibian auditory organ, the amphibian papilla. In all but the most primitive frog, the papilla comprises two patches with separate innervation and apparently corresponding to a spatial separation of frequency sensitivity (i.e. tonotopic organization). The caudal patch is quite variable and in the more derived frogs exhibits an elongation that apparently corresponds to extension of auditory sensitivity to higher frequencies. PMID- 6971421 TI - Light and electron microscopic identification of a nerve sprout in muscle of normal adult frog. AB - Recent evidence from this laboratory indicates that axonal sprouting (and regression) occurs in neuromuscular junctions of normal adult frogs. In the present investigation, the appearance of a single nerve branch, which from light microscopy was assumed to be a sprout, was studied in ultrathin serial sections. In confirming the light microscopic evidence small synaptic contacts were found, which showed characteristics of new synapse formation. Unexpectedly, the Schwann cell surrounding the axon extended several microns distally from the axon tip. It appears that nerve sprouting (and regression) is a physiological event in adult frog muscles. PMID- 6971427 TI - [Dental pulp and root canal therapy. Fundamental concepts Part 1]. PMID- 6971424 TI - [Mechanical stress and vascular and neural reactions to endosseous implantation]. PMID- 6971422 TI - Bleeding oesophageal varices: 10 years' experience in a New Zealand teaching hospital. AB - The experience of patients with bleeding oesophageal varices in Dunedin between 1969 and 1979 is reviewed. Although only a small number of patients was involved, this local experience suggests that: (1) diagnosis has been sub-optimal, largely because of delay in or omission of endoscopy; (2) the major cause of death is uncontrolled haemorrhage; (3) Sengstaken tube tamponade provides safe and adequate immediate control of haemorrhage; (4) emergency surgery is no more effective than non-operative treatment in preventing death in patients who bleed after release of balloon tamponade; (5) elective surgery may improve long term survival, but mesocaval shunting does not provide adequate prophylaxis against recurrent bleeding; and (6) the incidence of bleeding oesophageal varices or at least the frequency of positive diagnosis is increasing. Early diagnosis by endoscopy and control of bleeding by injection sclerotherapy may reduce the high mortality in these patients. PMID- 6971423 TI - [Dental treatment of the hemophilic patient]. PMID- 6971426 TI - [The "small bite" of Muratori as a dental implant]. PMID- 6971425 TI - [Electronic evaluation of the depth of the root canal with a neosonic device: an advantageous alternative to endodontic radiography]. PMID- 6971428 TI - [Study of dentin in initial caries with scanning microscopy]. PMID- 6971429 TI - [Electromyostimulation in the training and rehabilitation of traumatological and orthopedic patients]. PMID- 6971431 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency by analysis of fetal blood obtained at fetoscopy. AB - Two women had each borne a child who had alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency Pi ZZ and who developed liver cirrhosis. In subsequent pregnancies, the women requested prenatal diagnosis. Samples of blood from the two fetuses were obtained at fetoscopy. In a control group of five Pi MM fetuses aborted by hysterotomy, the mean alpha 1AT level was 0.73 g/liter. Of the two fetuses at risk, one had an alpha 1AT concentration calculated as 0.60 g/liter, i.e., within the Pi MZ range. The electrofocusing pattern indicated a heterozygous Pi MZ phenotype which was confirmed at birth. The other fetus at risk had a markedly decreased concentration of alpha 1AT, 0.06 g/liter. Electrofocusing showed a homozygous Pi ZZ phenotype. Analysis of blood from the abortus confirmed these findings and thus the diagnosis of alpha 1AT deficiency. Speculation Most of the alpha 1-antitrypsin in amniotic fluid is derived from the mother. It therefore appears that the only possible way of making a prenatal diagnosis of alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency is by examination of blood from the fetus. One fetus examined in the present study had an abnormal Z-pattern. This abnormality may indicate a disturbance of fetal liver function already in utero. PMID- 6971430 TI - [Effect of salmozan on the lymphocyte proliferative activity of rat blood]. PMID- 6971432 TI - [Immunologic characterization and prognosis of acute infantile lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 6971434 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte count in newborn infants]. PMID- 6971433 TI - [Treatment of movement disorders in children with cerebral palsy by the method of programmed bioelectric stimulation]. PMID- 6971436 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity in systemic lupus erythematosus in children]. PMID- 6971435 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic aspects of rheumatism in adolescents]. PMID- 6971437 TI - [Propranolol treatment of hemorrhage due to portal hypertension]. PMID- 6971438 TI - [Medical imaging in sections]. PMID- 6971439 TI - [False aneurysm of the ascending thoracic aorta after cardiac surgery: one case (author's transl)]. AB - False aneurysms of the ascending thoracic aorta after cardiac surgery are rare. On the basis of one case seen recently, a review is undertaken of the 16 cases reported previously, Whilst there was a septic context in the majority of cases treatment should nevertheless combine medical therapy with a rapid surgical procedure. PMID- 6971440 TI - [Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to erosion of the splenic artery in chronic pancreatitis (report of two cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971441 TI - [Changes in the age-sex structure in the incidence of tuberculosis among an urban population (based on data of the last 3 population surveys)]. PMID- 6971442 TI - Deoxycorticosterone biosynthesis in human kidney: potential for formation of a potent mineralocorticosteroid in its site of action. AB - The extra-adrenal formation of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) from plasma progesterone has been demonstrated in humans. In those studies it was shown that in some persons the volume of plasma cleared of progesterone by DOC formation was great, namely, 75 liter/24 hr. Because steroid 231-hydroxylase activity [steroid 21 monooxygenase; steroid, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.99.10] could not be demonstrated in homogenates or microsome-enriched preparations of human lung or liver tissue, we speculated that the 21 hydroxylation of plasma progesterone might take place in the kidney. Employing whole tissue homogenates and microsome-enriched preparations of human kidney tissue, we demonstrated the formation of [3H]DOC from kidney tissue, we demonstrated the formation of [3H]DOC from [3H]progesterone. The rate of formation of DOC from progesterone in microsomal preparations from kidney tissues of adult humans varied from 0 to 803 pmol per mg of microsomal protein per hr. The value computed for the apparent Km of the enzyme for progesterone was 0.140 microM. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that steroid 21-hydroxylase activity is present in human kidney tissue and that the kidney may be an important site of DOC formation as well as a site of DOC action. PMID- 6971444 TI - Filters for three-dimensional limited-angle tomography. AB - One approach to the three-dimensional, tomographic reconstruction of data from a planar dual-detector stationary positron camera necessitates frequency-space filtering of the image obtained from back-projection. It is therefore useful to have a closed-form expression for the appropriate filter, but the derivation is complicated by the fact that the camera measures only a limited angular range of projections. Nevertheless, suitable expressions can be obtained and are here derived for detectors of rectangular and circular cross-section. PMID- 6971443 TI - Cell cycle and the differential expression of HLA-A,B and HLA-DR antigens on human B lymphoid cells. AB - Monoclonal antibodies specific to HLA antigens and the fluorescence-activated cell sorter were used to analyze the changes in the density of human histocompatibility antigens HLA-A,B and HLA-DR on the surface of synchronously growing WI-L2 cells (a human B cell line) progressing through the cell cycle. The WI-L2 cells were synchronized by density-dependent arrest in G1, and samples from G0, G1, late S and late G2 phases were used to determine the frequency distribution of cell volume, DNA content, and the relative amounts of cell surface HLA antigens; the observed density changes were calculated from these values. The HLA-A,B density remained nearly constant throughout the cell cycle, whereas the HLA-DR density increased sharply at the G2-M stage. These results suggest a cell cycle-dependent differential control of the expression of these two sets of histocompatibility antigens on B cells. PMID- 6971445 TI - Familial aspects of CT scan abnormalities in chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - To investigate the possibility that lateral cerebral ventricular size may be under genetic control, we compared the computed tomography (CT) scans of 17 healthy siblings from 7 normal sibships. The CT scans of 10 chronic schizophrenic patients and 12 of their nonschizophrenic siblings were also compared. A trend was found for a correlation of ventricular size between siblings in the healthy sibships (ICC = 0.25, p = 0.1) but not in the schizophrenic sibships (ICC = 0.05). In each sibship the schizophrenic patient had the largest ventricles; in seven cases they exceeded the normal range. Although the discordant siblings were all well within the normal range, their ventricles were larger (p = 0.001) than those of the controls. The findings suggest a genetic component to ventricular size in healthy individuals and that CT findings in schizophrenics are not coincidental familial traits but markers of the illness. The implications of the findings in the discordant siblings are discussed. PMID- 6971446 TI - Contributions of individual differences to subjective intoxication. PMID- 6971447 TI - Marijuana use and personal values of college students. PMID- 6971448 TI - [Development of depressive signs in chronic patients and healthy persons. A comparative study in patient groups with various forms of disease and a control group of healthy volunteers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971449 TI - Effects of hyperthermia on binding, internalization, and degradation of epidermal growth factor. PMID- 6971450 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of the interphase death of lymphoid cells. 4. The effect of ionizing radiation and glucocorcorticoids on glucose transport in rat thymus cells]. PMID- 6971451 TI - [Radiation damage and the recovery of T-lymphocytes. 1. Radiation death and disturbance of the migration of different T-lymphocyte subpopulations]. PMID- 6971452 TI - [Immune reactions in mice after prolonged radiation exposure]. PMID- 6971454 TI - Computed tomography and aging of the brain. PMID- 6971453 TI - Gastric angiodysplasia. AB - Gastric angiodysplasias may be more common than previously described, and should be considered when barium studies and endoscopy do not reveal the source of chronic or recurrent upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Since these lesions are generally submucosal, angiography is the ideal method to diagnose and show the extent of an angiodysplasia. Magnification angiography and gastric air insufflation aid in making the lesions more apparent and in confirming the diagnosis, but prominent early draining veins can be identified by high-quality nonmagnified selective angiography. PMID- 6971455 TI - Radionuclide localization of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - The authors prospectively evaluated the usefulness of abdominal radionuclide scintigraphy using 99mTc-labeled red cells as a means of monitoring for intermittent gastrointestinal bleeding over a 24-hour period in both control and actively bleeding populations. Of 32 patients with documented hemorrhage, 29 had positive scintiscans (sensitivity, 91%; 9% false negatives). Of 18 nonbleeding patients, 17 had negative scintiscans (specificity, 95%; 5% false positives). 12 of 29 patients bled from 6 to 24 hours after the study was begun. Scintiscans were positive in patients with transfusion requirements of greater than or equal to 500 ml/24 hr. The authors conclude that abdominal scintigraphy with 99mTc labeled red cells is an effective method of detecting gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6971456 TI - The intermediate coronary syndrome. PMID- 6971457 TI - [External exposure around the patients during the three dimensional gamma cerebral blood flow using 81mKr (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971458 TI - [Advantages and limits of computer elaboration of the static recordings done with a gamma camera]. PMID- 6971461 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty -- Visual analysis of 102-T1 myocardial scintigrams--]. PMID- 6971459 TI - [Computerized 201Tl study of a cold thyroid nodule]. PMID- 6971462 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass surgery in an 18 year-old woman with severe hypercholesterolemia (familial hyperlipoproteinemia IIa, homozygote) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971460 TI - [Medical factors relevant to the course of vocational rehabilitation of spinal cord injured clients with complete paraplegia (author's transl)]. AB - A group of 40 clients with complete paraplegia, selected on a number of criteria (such as extent and location of the spinal cord lesion, age, financially responsible agency) had been followed up from the onset of paralysis. At the end of the 5th year post-onset, the following was stated in the 37 survivors: 28 of the 37 paraplegics (75.7 percent) have achieved vocational resettlement (in the broadest possible meaning of that term); of these 28, 16 (43.3 percent) were employed in standard-remuneration occupations; 6 (16.2 percent) had entered training or retraining programmes; 6 (16.2 percent) were engaged in domiciliary activities for at least 5 hours a day or employed in a sheltered setting. None of the paraplegics drew unemployment benefits at the report time; 9 (24.3 percent) had not been resettled vocationally. The article reports on those factors of paraplegia that have comparatively favourable effect on a return to occupational activity (such as use of both arms, absence of psycho-organic syndromes, stability of the neurological syndrome), on permanently detrimental consequences of omitted or insufficient early treatment, as well as on the importance of secondary prevention measures following discharge from inpatient treatment. PMID- 6971466 TI - [Bronchoalveolar lavage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971465 TI - [Acute pneumopathy with Pneumocystis carinii]. PMID- 6971464 TI - [Asthma associated with analgesics (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971467 TI - [The role of thermalism in public health administration policies]. PMID- 6971463 TI - Oxygen equilibria of ectotherm blood containing multiple hemoglobins. AB - Complete isocapnic O2 equilibrium curves (O2EC's) and related blood-gas properties are reported for whole blood of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and the aquatic turtle (Pseudemys scripta) at temperatures ranging from 5 to 35 degrees C. P50's for bullfrog and turtle blood at physiological pH and 25 degrees C were 36.6 Torr (pH 7.83) and 19.3 Torr (pH 7.55), respectively. Elevation of blood temperature significantly reduced hemoglobin oxygen affinity in both species (delta H = -8.1 and -7.8 kcal/mol O2 for Rana and Pseudemys, respectively). Bullfrog and turtle oxygen equilibrium data revealed non-standard curve shapes when compared with the Severinghaus curve for human blood (1979); ectotherm O2EC's rose more steeply below P50 (less sigmoid) and were distinctly flattened (linear) above 50% saturation. The CO2-Bohr effect for bullfrog and turtle blood varied significantly as a function of saturation. In addition, both species exhibited non-linear Hill relationships (logS/1-s vs. log PO2). These results indicate that the oxygen binding properties of the multiple hemoglobin bloods of Rana and Pseudemys (demonstrated by isoelectric focusing) are more complex than those exhibited by normal human blood. As a consequence, these ectotherm blood oxygen data are not well characterized by the limited number of simple descriptive parameters (P50, Hill's n and delta log P50/delta pH) commonly used to delineate predominantly single hemoglobin systems. PMID- 6971468 TI - [Crossed plantar extension. A clinical and physiological study (author's transl)]. AB - A 44 year-old man was examined for a slowly progressive left hemiplegia predominating on the lower limb. A left sign of Babinski was present. On the right side the plantar response was flexor. Stimulation of the right sole elicited a left extensor plantar response. CT Scan showed calcification sin the right paracentral lobule. The variations of the contralateral soleus H reflex when conditioned by a nociceptive stimulus applied on the right little toe were studied. No modification was seen. This contrasts with the facilitation observed in normal subjects and in patients with a lesion of the cerebral hemisphere not involving the paracentral lobule. It is suggested that this abnormality could contribute to the development of a crossed extensor plantar responses. Possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are briefly considered. PMID- 6971470 TI - [Changes in colour vision in the alcoholic (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971469 TI - Epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic features of an urban outbreak of chancroid in North America. AB - An epidemic of 135 cases of chancroid occurred in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, from July 1975 to September 1977. Probable contributing factors for development of chancroid lesions included male sex, lack of circumcision, and genital trauma. A previous history of venereal disease, sexual contact with a person from a bar or hotel in the core city area, unemployment, alcoholism, American Indian or Metis (mixed American Indian and Caucasian) race, and unstable domestic relationships were often accessory findings for infected patients. The tracing and treatment of lesion-free contacts of patients with chancroid may have contributed to the restriction of the outbreak to the core city area. Nineteen isolations of Hemophilus ducreyi were made, most by the use of a new selective medium. Treatment with a short course of penicillin antibiotics was ineffective for 10 of 16 patients, whereas an adequate course of sulfonamide or tetracycline antibiotics, combined when necessary with drainage of fluctuant inguinal abscesses, was effective therapy for most patients. PMID- 6971471 TI - [Osteoarticular infections due to Gram-negative bacilli]. AB - An enquiry carried out on 20 French rheumatology units led us to find, out of a total of 1,202 cases of non-tuberculous osteo-arthritis of the adult, 137 gram negative bacillary infections. These were 64 cases of spondylodiscitis and 73 cases of septic arthritis, due mainly to Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas and other enterobacteria. The frequency of gram-negative bacilli was 11.4% i.e. 9.2% in the case of arthritis and 15.6% in the case of spondylodiscitis. It is higher than in the middle of this century but does not seem to be progressing now. However, the seventy of this type of infection, which may cause important functional sequelae and numerous deaths (8 patients) justifies the routine search for these bacilli in appropriate culture media, in order to test their sensitivity to antibiotics. PMID- 6971473 TI - [Tuberculous rheumatism. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6971472 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae arthritis in an adult]. PMID- 6971475 TI - Lithium and T cell colonies. AB - In humans, therapeutic doses of lithium causes granulocytosis and lymphopenia. In vitro increased numbers of colony forming units (CFU-GM) are observed. The effect of lithium on lymphocyte colonies is unknown. We grew T cell colonies from normal individuals and patients who were on lithium only and found that T cell colony numbers were decreased in patients who were taking lithium. Recent evidence suggests that there is a PRECURSOR common to the granulocytic and lymphocytic cell lines. Since lithium causes increased granulocytic colonies and seems to decrease lymphocyte colonies we propose that lithium may have an effect on the precursor cell resulting in preferentially shifting maturation from the lymphocytic to the granulocytic series. PMID- 6971476 TI - Medium conditioned for 24 hours by mononuclear human blood cells contains an inducer of granulopoiesis lacking colony stimulating activity. AB - Regulation of granulocyte and macrophage formation was studied by a modified CFU C assay. Mouse bone marrow cells were cultured in methylcellulose in vitro. After colony counting on d 7, the cells were washed out to determine the total cell number per plate, and the distribution of granulocytes and macrophages in smears. By this procedure it was possible to study pathway-specific regulators. The colony stimulating factor in medium conditioned by mouse L-cells appeared specific for the macrophage cell line; 99% of the colony cells were macrophages. Medium conditioned for 24 h by mononuclear cells from human blood, had no colony forming capacity, but increased colony size and generated significant granulocyte production when combined with L-CSF. This granulopoiesis inducing factor was thermo-labile, and was mostly retained by an Amicon filter separating molecules at 100 000 daltons. PMID- 6971474 TI - [Parasitic rheumatism]. PMID- 6971478 TI - [Experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis with 2 types of immune complexes]. PMID- 6971477 TI - [Problems with phenacetin in urology]. PMID- 6971479 TI - [The importance of studying stimulation parameters in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth neural amyotrophy]. PMID- 6971480 TI - [Utilization of health services by the aged population since 1970]. PMID- 6971481 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of primary malignant bone tumors at the orthopedic clinic in Hradec Kralove from 1973 to 1978]. PMID- 6971482 TI - [Effects of Coronilla varia Linne extract and lanatoside C in rabbits with experimental acute heart overloading in vivo]. PMID- 6971483 TI - [Visual evoked responses at the end of light stimulation]. PMID- 6971484 TI - [Changes in the elimination of codeine and its metabolites via excretion and breath in rats after x-ray irradiation]. PMID- 6971486 TI - [Changes in motor coordination in mice after whole-body irradiation]. PMID- 6971485 TI - [The significance of superoxide dismutase in the development of post-irradiation syndrome. I. Properties of superoxide dismutase]. PMID- 6971487 TI - Effect of corticosteroids on circulating lymphocytes. PMID- 6971488 TI - Antibodies against polyriboadenylic acid in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis demonstrated by ELISA. Prevalence of and relation to antibodies against DNA and extractable nuclear antigens. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the demonstration of class specific antibodies against polyriboadenylic acid (poly-(A)) is described. The results revealed the presence of IgG-anti-poly(A) antibodies in 63% (22/35) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 25% (22/88) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the mean antibody level being significantly higher in the SLE patients. Anti-poly(A) antibodies of IgM class were seen in 15 and 17% of the patients, respectively. The prevalence of anti-poly(A) and anti ssDNA antibodies of IgG class was similar in the patients with SLE, but the occurrence of antibodies against poly(A), DNA and extractable nuclear antigens varied independently of each other. In the RA-patients, a positive correlation was seen between the levels of IgG-anti-ssDNA and IgG-anti-poly(A) antibodies. PMID- 6971489 TI - Monocyte cytotoxicity in connective tissue diseases. Correlation with disease groups. AB - The proportion of antibody-dependent cytotoxic plaque-forming cells (PFC) with monocyte characteristics was estimated in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte suspensions from 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), (29 seropositive and 11 seronegative), 7 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 14 with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and 7 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In RA and also in AS patients, higher mean proportions of PFC were found when compared with those of normal adult blood donors. Seropositive RA patients had a significantly higher proportion of PFC than seronegative RA patients. SLE patients showed values equal to those of the controls. Patients with JRA had a lower percentage of these cells than age-matched healthy children. PMID- 6971490 TI - Ischaemic cardiac aneurysms and ventricular septal defects. Surgical treatment with and without revascularization. AB - During the period 1968--78, 35 patients with left ventricular aneurysm after acute myocardial infarction were operated on at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Central Hospital, Helsinki. Twenty patients underwent resection of the left ventricular aneurysm and had coronary bypass grafting (Group I) and 15 patients had aneurysmectomy without revascularization procedures (Group II). Most of the patients (21) had the operation within one year after acute myocardial infarction. The aneurysm was located in the anterior wall in 31 cases and in the posterior wall in 4 cases. Three patients in Group II had a concomitant ventricular septal rupture, which was repaired simultaneously with the aneurysmal resection. In average, the patients in Group I had bypass grafting in 1.8 coronary branches. There were no intra-operative deaths. Three patients in the revascularization group died and 2 patients in the non revascularization group died during hospitalization (15% hospital mortality). Two patients in the revascularization group and one in the non-revascularization group died during the average follow-up time of 3.4 and 6.4 years for the respective groups (late mortality 10 and 7%). The rest of the patients were doing well, including those with repaired VSDs. Follow-up coronary angiography was carried out of 12 patients; in 10 all the grafts were patent and in 2 one revascularized coronary branch had a patent graft. Revascularization produced apparent relief of anginal symptoms. Its beneficial effects on longevity remained unestablished. PMID- 6971492 TI - Metabolic mapping of functional activity in human subjects with the [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose technique. AB - The 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose technique was used to measure regional cerebral glucose utilization by human subjects during functional activation. Normal male volunteers subjected to one or more sensory stimuli (tactile, visual, or auditory) exhibited focal increases in glucose metabolism in response to the stimulus. Unilateral visual hemifield stimulation caused the contralateral striate cortex to become more metabolically active than the striate cortex ipsilateral to the stimulated hemifield. Similarly, stroking the fingers and hand of one arm with brush produced an increase in metabolism in the contralateral postcentral gyrus, compared with the homologous ipsilateral region. The auditory stimulus, which consisted of a monaurally presented factual story caused an increase in glucose metabolism in the auditory cortex in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear. These results demonstrate that the technique is capable of providing functional maps in vivo related to both body region and submodality of sensory information in the human brain. PMID- 6971494 TI - HLA--B27 and Chinese ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6971495 TI - [Immunological indicators in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6971493 TI - Forebrain connections in the goldfish support telencephalic homologies with land vertebrates. AB - Horseradish peroxidase injections into dorsomedial and dorsolateral regions of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) telencephalon demonstrate, by retrograde cell labeling, that the teleost telencephalon receives a pattern of projections from the thalamus remarkably similar to those of land vertebrates. The evidence provides support for a homology between the dorsomedial region and the corpus striatum of land vertebrates and a homology between two dorsolateral regions and the dorsal and medial pallium of land vertebrates. PMID- 6971496 TI - Venous thrombo-embolism and raised alpha-1-antitrypsin levels. A possible causal relationship between excessive neutral protease inhibition and defective granulocyte-induced fibrinolysis. AB - The finding of 4 cases of venous thrombosis in patients with raised serum alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels has focused attention on the role of the inhibitors of leucocyte protease or granulocyte-induced fibrinolysis. A composite fibrin plate assay was devised to determine the fibrinolytic and fibrinolytic-inhibitor potential of viable circulating granulocytes, mononuclear cells and platelet-free plasma. A plasmin-dependent and a plasmin-independent pathway were identified in circulating granulocytes, a biological function which appeared to be completely absent from the mononuclear fraction. In order to explore the effect of AAT on the cellular fibrinolytic pathway, viable granulocyte and plasma fractions were exposed to the inhibitor in a purified system as well as to several aliquots of plasma containing an excess of AAT obtained from a patient with venous thrombo embolic disease. The unequivocal inhibition of granulocyte fibrinolytic activity by pure AAT solutions as well as by plasma with a raised AAT level would seem to provide further evidence that by counteracting protease liberated by cellular elements, notably the granulocyte, the patient is deprived of a vital component of the fibrinolytic defence mechanism. PMID- 6971497 TI - The X-Chrom lens. On seeing red. AB - A broadband red filter placed over one eye will have the effect of improving the ability of certain color vision defectives to name colors correctly. A red-tinted contact lens will have the same effect; such a device is marketed under the name, the X-Chrom lens. In this article, the author examines the basic properties of color vision defects, explains the optical effect of the red filter, and reviews several studies which evaluate the effect of the X-Chrom lens. He concludes that while the lens may allow the wearer to achieve a better score on certain color vision tests, it does not actually correct color vision in the natural environment. Deleterious effects of wearing a red filter are also discussed. It is advised that patients wearing the X-Chrom lens be fully apprised of its limitations and of dangers that may be created by the associated visual distortions. PMID- 6971491 TI - [Serum paraaminobenzoic acid following the use of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl paraaminobenzoic acid in the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency]. AB - In 25 patients with chronic exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and 37 controls, the PABA test was compared with the concentration of chymotrypsin in stool. In additional 16 patients the test could not be evaluated (rate 21%). By determination of the PABA levels in serum before and one hour after ingestion of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-PABA the test can be shortened and simplified: 1 hour serum levels in 9 patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency were 0.5 +/- 0.5 nMol/ml compared with 8 controls with 6.4 +/- 2.0 nMol/ml. PABA serum levels correlated significantly with chymotrypsin in stool. Compared with the conventional PABA test, since it is easily applicable in outpatients and the results are not influenced by medication or food. PMID- 6971498 TI - Discrete colon ulcers as a cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation in end-stage renal disease. AB - Since 1975 at our institution six cases of discrete colon ulcers have been noted in patients with end-stage renal disease. Five patients were on long-term hemodialysis, and one patient had received a cadaver kidney transplant. Four patients presented with lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage-two acute and two subacute. Two patients presented with diffuse abdominal pain and peritoneal signs. Two colon ulcers were diagnosed by colonoscopy, two were diagnosed in laparotomy, one was diagnosed by arteriography, and one ulcer was diagnosed only on pathologic examination of the resected colon. Pathologic examination disclosed idiopathic ulcers in all six cases. All patients were managed surgically. The mortality rate was 50%. Discrete colon ulcers should be considered in the differential diagnosis when the hemodialysis or kidney transplant patient presents with lower gastrointestinal bleeding or abdominal pain and peritoneal signs. PMID- 6971499 TI - [Soviet rheumatology in the last 5-year period (results and perspectives of development)]. PMID- 6971500 TI - [Clinical effectiveness and action of levamisole on the immunological indicators in patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6971501 TI - Hydralazine-induced antinuclear antibodies in beagle dogs. PMID- 6971502 TI - Effect of a semi-purified fraction of Crotalus atrox (Western diamondback rattlesnake) venom on chloride transport across the frog skin. PMID- 6971503 TI - Mechanism of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a case of mushroom poisoning by Chlorophyllum molybdites. PMID- 6971505 TI - Papillary necrosis and the antinuclear factor. AB - The cold-reacting antinuclear factor, specific to kidney tissues, was detected transiently in serum specimens from a diabetic patient during an episode of papillary necrosis. Determination of the cold-reacting antinuclear factor is suggested as being useful in evaluating the degree destruction in kidney tissues. PMID- 6971504 TI - Toxicological studies on 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate (PHB), an agent with anti atherosclerotic properties, in the rat. AB - The subacute oral toxicity of sodium 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate (PHB) was studied in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were given PHB 0, 10, 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg body weight as a 3% gum arabic suspension for 13 weeks. During PHB administration all animals on the highest dose level died or were killed because of loss of weight: there were deaths also in the 100 mg/kg group. PHB caused a leukocytopenia which was significant only at the highest dose level. The hemoglobin decreased in the two lowest dose groups. In the highest dose group the histological liver pictures were pathological. Acidophilic bodies and karyorrhexis indicating severe liver cell damage occurred at this level. In the groups receiving 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg there were foci with poorly distinguishable liver cells, mononuclear cells and some neutrophils. PHB had no noticeable toxic effects on the other organs or parameters measured. PMID- 6971506 TI - [Classification of postural nystagmus]. PMID- 6971507 TI - [Vestibular nystagmus thresholds in hereditary deafness]. PMID- 6971508 TI - [Vestibular crisis with concomitant monocular ipsilateral macropsia]. PMID- 6971510 TI - Symposium on emergency medicine. PMID- 6971509 TI - [Arterial catheter embolization in gastroduodenal hemorrhages]. AB - The arterial catheter embolization was used in 11 of 14 patients with profuse gastroduodenal hemorrhages. The results showed high efficiency of the method. The described method, the level of the occlusion thus obtained allowed avoiding possible complications and gave good hemostatic effect. The authors discuss the indications for the endovascular catheter embolization. An original method of embolization of the left ventricular artery is described. PMID- 6971513 TI - Acute gastric dilatation--volvulus. PMID- 6971511 TI - Management of thoracic trauma. PMID- 6971514 TI - Traumatic injuries to the kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. PMID- 6971512 TI - Jaundice, hepatic trauma, and hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 6971516 TI - Monitoring of patients in the emergency clinic. PMID- 6971515 TI - Orthopedic emergencies in small animals. PMID- 6971517 TI - Philosophy and structure of an emergency animal clinic. PMID- 6971518 TI - Seizures and heat trauma. PMID- 6971519 TI - Spinal injuries. PMID- 6971520 TI - Ocular emergencies. PMID- 6971521 TI - Cardiovascular emergencies. Drugs and resuscitative principles. PMID- 6971522 TI - Animal health technicians in the emergency hospital. PMID- 6971526 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen circulating immune complexes (HBsAg-CICs) in patients with bleeding disorders. AB - Approximately 90% of 67 multi-transfused patients with bleeding disorders were positive either for anti-HBs (85%) or HBsAg (45%). Using a polyethylene glycol trypsinization assay, we found anti-HbsAg-containing specific circulating immune complexes (HBsAg-CICs) in 3 of the 57 HBsAg-negative haemophiliacs possessing anti-HBs. The occurrence of HBsAg-CICs may be a regular event in the conversion phase of HBs infection. Circulating immune complexes as detected by the anticomplementary assay were found in 32 of the 67 (48%) patients. PMID- 6971524 TI - [Electrostimulation in flaccid paresis and paralysis]. PMID- 6971525 TI - [Individual prognosis of drug allergy complications in children with rheumatism]. PMID- 6971523 TI - [Cellular immunity indices in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6971527 TI - [Pathogenesis of autoimmune hemocytopenias]. PMID- 6971528 TI - Isolated aortocoronary bypass operations in patients over 70 years of age. AB - The early and late morbidity, mortality and beneficial effects of isolated aortocoronary bypass operations in a group of 35 patients 70 years old or older were compared with those factors in patients 50 to 59 years old. The patients in both groups were matched according to the year in which the operation was done and the number of vessels bypassed. Left ventricular function, estimated by the angiographically calculated ejection fraction, was not statistically different in the two groups. Cardiac index, while adequate in both groups, was significantly lower in the older age group. Comparisons were made of "early" events, such as perioperative myocardial infarction, perioperative death and length of post operative hospital stay; and of "late" events, including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure and death, which occurred after patients were discharged from the hospital. The mean length of follow-up of patients was similar in both groups. In comparing early events in the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction, perioperative mortality or mean length of postoperative hospital stays. With regard to late events, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidences of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or mortality. PMID- 6971529 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies in ankylosing spondylitis (author's transl)]. AB - Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were found in 19.1% of patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis (n = 320). This figure is significantly higher than the results obtained in a control group. ANA were present in all stages of the disease, including the abortive form of isolated sacroiliitis. ANA were also found in different stages of activity. In addition, ANA-positive cases showed a higher inflammatory activity. In females ANA were more frequently found than in males. There was a positive correlation between ANA and HLA B27 in 87.2%. PMID- 6971531 TI - [Acute severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6971532 TI - [Standardized automatic record keeping in an endoscopy department using the Robotron 1370 computer]. PMID- 6971533 TI - [Recommendations to otolaryngologists for patients with antituberculotic chemotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - With long-time antituberculotic chemotherapy aminoglycosid-antibiotics (Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamycin) and polypeptid-antibiotics (Polymyxin B, Viomycin, Capreomycin) will endanger the nervus statoacusticus. After discussing manner and frequency of possible troubles recommendations are given to the ENT-physician, how to minimize the damage for the cochleovestibular system. PMID- 6971530 TI - Lupus nephropathy as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The present report documents the occurrence of lupus nephropathy as the sole initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite the absence of initial systemic signs characteristic of SLE, the diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of the renal histopathologic features and serological studies. Subsequent follow-up demonstrated systemic features of the disease in each of the four patients. The report shows that the diagnostic criteria for SLE proposed by the American Rheumatology Association may not be fulfilled at the time of the initial evaluation in all cases, and that some patients may exhibit signs attributable to primary renal disease. These data emphasize the importance of careful assessment of the pattern of glomerular ultrastructural changes and usefulness of appropriate serological studies. PMID- 6971534 TI - [Planning and statistical interpretation of epidemiologic cross-sectional and longitudinal studies]. PMID- 6971535 TI - [Clinical importance of complement research in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6971536 TI - [Clinical significance of complement values in rheumatic diseases]. AB - The more than 10-year experiences with complement examinations in rheumatic diseases are described: Manifold determinations of the complement in the course of the disease may be valuable diagnostic means, taking into consideration acknowledged criteria of the diagnosis in forms of rheumatic diseases with increasing immune pathogenesis. Particularly important are repeated determinations in the synovial fluid with references to a rheumatoid arthritis and in the serum in systemic lupus erythematodes as well as for the limitation of the earliest manifestations of a systemic sclerodermia with positive proof of antinuclear factors. PMID- 6971537 TI - [Colonoscopy - indications and utility]. AB - On the basis of own experiences in 600 examinations and 113 polypectomies a survey is given on indications, contraindications, evidence, therapeutic possibilities and complications of the coloscopy. 38.4% of the patients were referred to coloscopy on account of suspicion of presence of a tumor of the colon, 24.5% on account of a supposed inflammation of the large intestine, 19.2% on account of unclear rectal haemorrhage and 12.1% on account of radiologically diagnosed polyps. In 4.1% of the patients the cases in question were after examinations after coloscopic polypectomy and in 1.8% the cases in question were control examinations after operation of the intestine on account of carcinoma of the colon. The suspicion of tumour was coloscopically confirmed only in 18.1% of the patients who were examined on account of this indication, a supposed inflammation of the large intestine in 29.7%. A source of haemorrhage was proved in 64.8% of the patients who were examined under this question. The after examination of the polypectomized patients resulted in a new proof of polyps in 50%. PMID- 6971539 TI - [Long-term results of coronary revascularization--clinical, angiographic and hemodynamic findings (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical angiographic, and hemodynamic examinations were performed in 37 patients (mean age 54 +/- 6.5 years) with coronary heart disease 5.4 +/- 5.3 months and 57.0 +/- 15.3 months after coronary revascularisation. The results were compared with those of a preoperatively performed examination (8.1 +/- 5.9 months). Early postoperatively 57 per cent of the patients were free of angina and 32 per cent had marked relief, whereas preoperatively 73 per cent had severe angina (class III and class IV). Late postoperatively 51 per cent had no angina and 49 per cent had only slight or moderate angina. The patency rate of the aorto-coronary bypass grafts was 90 percent early and 83 per cent late postoperatively. Occlusions of the native coronary arteries proximal to the anastomosis were found in 26 per cent preoperatively, in 55 per cent early and in 84 per cent late postoperatively. The parameters of left ventricular function showed no significant alterations early and late postoperatively. The results demonstrate that the relief of angina, the patency rate of the aorto-coronary bypass grafts and the resting function of the left ventricle are approximately unchanged five years after coronary revascularisation. PMID- 6971538 TI - [In vitro studies on the identification of metronidazole resistant strains of Trichomonas vaginalis (author's transl)]. AB - In order to ascertain the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) of metronidazole for strains of T. vaginalis with varying susceptibility, comparative studies were carried out under different assay conditions. These studies were made under aerobic or anaerobic conditions in microtiter plates and culture tubes respectively, using the following media: CACH with/without agar, CPLM, trichomonas medium (Merck), fluid thioglycollate (BBL), TYM with/without agar and STS modified. Thus only MLC values greater than or equal to 25 microgram/ml proved to be indicate for metronidazole resistant strains of T. vaginalis in the aerobic plate test. Under identical test conditions the MLC of 12.5 microgram/ml can be considered as an intermediate since this value in some cases has been ascertained for both normal sensitive strains and strains with known decreased susceptibility. Due to the irrelevant findings obtained with the CACH medium without agar and the modified STS medium, as well as with anaerobic test methods, these media seem to be unsuitable for the identification of metronidazole resistant strains of T. vaginalis. PMID- 6971540 TI - [Walk-through phenomenon: long-term results in 10 patients (mean observation time 38 months) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971541 TI - Experimental infections of laboratory rodents with recently isolated stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. 1. Parasitological investigations. AB - Albino rats and white mice were infected with populations of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense isolated from patients in four different areas in Central Africa. Differences in virulence as shown by the level of parasitaemia, number of relapses, and length of survival time, were observed amongst the stocks according to their geographical origin and secondarily to the degree of adaptation to the rodents. All the stocks are pathogenic for the laboratory rodents, and the presence of extravascular trypanosomes in the brain was confirmed in all infected animals. Spleen, liver, and kidneys were less constantly found to be positive. The morphology of the extravascular parasites was highly variable, ranging from long slender trypomastigotes to spheromastigotes and even amastigotes. PMID- 6971542 TI - [Electrical activity of the extraocular muscles]. PMID- 6971543 TI - Electrical stimulation of the brain for pain control in human. PMID- 6971546 TI - [Pregnancy, delivery, and puerperium of patients with constitutional thrombopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Von Willebrand's disease was found to play a particular role in obstetrics for its physiological peculiarities of coagulation which cause haemorrhage disorders after childbirth and during the puerperal period rather than during pregnancy and in concomitance with labour. A comprehensive account of the problem is given, with reference being made to the author's cases. PMID- 6971544 TI - [Preventive measures in coronary heart disease and arterial occlusive diseases]. PMID- 6971545 TI - Predominance of T-lymphocytes with a high-affinity receptor for sheep red blood cells in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A short communication. AB - Using different modifications of the spontaneous rosette-forming assay, T lymphocytes were determined in the synovial fluid and the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It was shown that a T-lymphocyte subpopulation, forming E-rosettes by a high affinity receptor for SRBC was enriched in the synovial fluid as compared to the peripheral blood. PMID- 6971548 TI - [State of immunogenesis in acute dysentery]. PMID- 6971547 TI - [Immunologic mechanisms of specific hyposensitization in allergic diseases of an infectious nature. III. Immunologic processes in hyposensitization with microbial allergens]. AB - The work contains the results obtained in the study of immunological processes in the dynamics of specific hyposensitization with microbial allergens, prepared from Proteus and staphylococci, in 22 infectious allergic bronchial asthma patients sensitized to these microorganisms. The therapeutic effect of this treatment was accompanied by the activation of the processes of cellular and humoral immunity, while the aggravation of the main disease was observed in patients with a pronounced decrease in the activity of immunological processes which were unaffected by the stimulating influence of specific hyposensitization. PMID- 6971549 TI - [Blood kallikrein-kinin system in ischemic stroke patients]. AB - In 42 patients with ischemic cerebral stroke, the state of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood was analyzed by three main parameters: total esterase activity, prekallikrein content, and activity of the kallikrein inhibitor. Two blood specimens were taken (from the femoral artery and the superior bulb of the internal jugular vein) at the peak of the stroke acute period. An activation of the kallikrein-kinin system was revealed, the degree of which was found to depend on the gravity of the pathological process in the brain. At the initial stages of the disease a moderate activation of the kallikrein-kinin system was noted, the fact, that was, probably, favourable for improvement of the blood circulation. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms (hypoxia, lowering of the medium pH, etc.) of the system activation are discussed. For treating patients who were in a soporous comatose state with a sharp drop of the kallikrein activity in the cerebral venous blood it was recommended to use drugs blocking the excess formation of kinins. At the initial stage of the disease development such an intervention should be regarded undesirable. PMID- 6971550 TI - [Role of sanatorium-health resort treatment in the rehabilitation of patients with the sequelae of a stroke]. PMID- 6971551 TI - The influence of vitamin D intake on serum calcium in tuberculosis. AB - We report the first prospective controlled study designed to determine the effect of vitamin D ingestion on serum calcium concentration in patients with tuberculosis. Every patient admitted to the tuberculosis ward over a 6 month period, who was free of any condition which might influence serum calcium concentration, was randomly assigned to one of two groups. The diet of the first group was substituted with ergocalciferol 5000 units daily. The diet of the second group was not supplemented. In addition, the second group was randomly subdivided into two subgroups. The first subgroup received a diet unrestricted in vitamin D. The second subgroup received a diet containing less than 50 units of vitamin D. Serum calcium was determined at weekly intervals. In contradistinction to the results of a previously reported retrospective study, there was no significant difference between the group receiving supplemental vitamin D and the control group at any time during the entire period of study. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the subgroup of patients receiving normal dietary vitamin D and the subgroup maintained on the diet restricted in vitamin D. PMID- 6971552 TI - [In vitro colony forming cells, bone marrow functions and clinical findings in fifteen children with congenital neutropenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971553 TI - [Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor: as a probable component pertaining to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971556 TI - "Thalamic" dementia in herpes encephalitis: clinico-pathological report. AB - Herpes zoster (HZ) primary affections of the CNS are rare and, in most of the reported patients, are representing variously extended forms of ascending myelitis. Our examination concerns a man who at the age of 37 developed apathy after a feverish episode with iridocyclitis. Six months later an ophthalmic HZ was diagnosed and thenceforth the patient showed a dementia with Korsakow's syndrome, apathy and a right hemipalsy, and diplopia appeared; the later symptoms remitted after steroid therapy. Post-mortem examination revealed a slowly progressive encephalitis with symmetrical impairment of the anterior ventral, medial, and centrum medianum of the thalamus. The HZ origin of the lesions and the relation between their site and the peculiar form of dementia, to be ascribed to the "thalamic" ones, are discussed. A vasculitis process can be hypothesized considering both the symmetrical localisation and the microscopical aspects of the lesions. PMID- 6971555 TI - Use of ICI 35868 as an anesthetic induction agent. AB - ICI 35868 was used to induce anesthesia in 39 ASA I patients (9 male and 30 female, aged 17-64 years), scheduled to undergo minor surgical procedures. The first 6 patients were given 1.0 mg/kg, the next 22 1.5 mg/kg and the final 11 2.0 mg/kg ICI 35868 I.V. over 30 seconds, without premedication. Anesthesia was successfully induced in 100% of patients at 2.0 mg/kg, 81% at 1.5 mg/kg and 50% at 1.0 mg/kg. Pain at the injection site occurred in 23% of patients. There were no signs of venous damage postoperatively. A small transient fall in blood pressure and some respiratory depression were seen immediately after induction; transient apnoea occurred in 27% of patients given 1.5 mg/kg and 55% given 2.0 mg/kg. Other side effects were minor and of low incidence. Three minutes after induction of anesthesia, when assessments were complete, 23 patients were given a further dose of a conventional induction agent, as they were beginning to awaken, and anesthesia was maintained in all patients by inhalational techniques. There were no untoward events during maintenance of or on recover from anesthesia. PMID- 6971554 TI - [Existence of tartaric acid-resistant acid phosphatase in adult T cell leukemia and B-CLL and its significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971557 TI - A quantitative and qualitative study of mice trigeminal ganglion and nerve after destruction of vibrissae follicles since birth. PMID- 6971558 TI - Synthetic analogues of nicotine. VIII. Synthesis and biological testing of two tetrahydro-5-quinolinamines. PMID- 6971561 TI - Coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6971559 TI - Synthetic analogues of nicotine. X. Synthesis and biological testing of some N (arylmethyl)azacycloalkanes. PMID- 6971560 TI - Effect of antidepressants, lithium and electroconvulsive treatment on rat serum prolactin levels. AB - The ability of antidepressant drugs, electroconvulsive treatment (ECT), or lithium chloride (LiCl), to modify prolactin secretion in the rat was studied. Chlorimipramine, citalopram, fluoxetine, imipramine and zimelidine potentiated the low dose 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced increase in prolactin secretion, suggesting inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) uptake by these drugs. Amitriptyline, doxepin, iprindole, mianserin and trazadone inhibited the prolactin stimulating effects of high doses of 5-HTP and quipazine, suggesting that these drugs have 5 HT receptor blocking properties. Tandamine inhibited only 5-HTP-induced increase in prolactin secretion. Chronic administration of imipramine, potentiated the effect of low dose 5-HTP significantly more than an acute dose. Amitriptyline, produced similar inhibition of the 5-HTP-induced increase in prolactin secretion after both acute and chronic administration. The ability of bupropion and mazindol to inhibit alpha-methylparatyrosine-induced prolactin secretion, and of nomifensine to inhibit reserpine-induced prolactin secretion, is consistent with other evidence that these agents are indirect dopamine (DA) agonists. Desipramine, acutely, had no effect on any of the above paradigms but after chronic administration, potentiated the effect of low dose 5-HTP on prolactin secretion. Nortriptyline had no effect on prolactin secretion after acute or chronic treatment. ECT for 10 days did not affect the ability of a 5-HT agonist or d-amphetamine to modify prolactin secretion. However, chronic, but not acute, treatment with LiCl markedly enhanced the prolactin response to 5-HT agonists and reserpine while shifting the dose response curve for d-amphetamine and apomorphine to the right. These results are discussed in light of current theories of the role of 5-HT and DA in depression. PMID- 6971562 TI - The hamster major histocompatibility complex and alternate mechanisms of cell mediated anti-viral cytotoxic activity in the Syrian hamster. PMID- 6971563 TI - Immune responses related to the hamster lung. PMID- 6971565 TI - Induction and regulation of contact hypersensitivity in Syrian hamsters. PMID- 6971564 TI - LSH hamster model of syphilitic infection and transfer of resistance with immune T cells. PMID- 6971566 TI - Modifications of the lymphoid B and T cell populations in spleen and thymus of tumor-bearing hamsters. PMID- 6971568 TI - [Prophylaxis of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection on guinea pig corneas by detergent-soluble extract (DSE) of virus-infected cells: inhibitory effect of DSE on the establishment of trigeminal ganglionic latency (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971567 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis in the hamster and in other rodents. PMID- 6971569 TI - Cessation of gastrointestinal bleeding after valve replacement of aortic stenosis. PMID- 6971570 TI - Disopyramide and antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 6971571 TI - Epidermal growth factor in the submandibular glands of inbred mice. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), and androgen-dependent polypeptide, occurs in high concentration in male mouse submandibular gland. Glands of adult male and female mice of six inbred strains (129/J, C57BL/6J, C58/J, SWR/J, RF/J, A/J) were assayed for EGF by radioimmunoassay. In all strains, the glands of males contained 30 to 500-fold more EGF than those of females. Furthermore, significant differences in EGF content were found among the various strains in both sexes, the highest amount of EGF was present in RF/J and the lowest in C57BL/6J, with a ratio of three in the males and four in the females of the two strains, respectively. Factors that effect EGF levels were analyzed further, using these two strains. EGF was measurable in the glands of mice of both strains at 21 days of age and increased rapidly thereafter, up to 14 weeks of age. Throughout postnatal development, the level of EGF was greater in the glands of RF/J mice than in those of the C57BL/6J animals. Thirty days after castration, the EGF levels were reduced by about 98% in both strains, but the strain difference was not abolished. Testosterone implants (1 mg in Silastic tube) in castrated mice induced EGF levels six- to ten-fold compared to castrates. Even in induced animals, which had similar plasma testosterone levels, as measured by radioimmunoassays, the difference in EGF levels between the two strains was manifest. Such a difference, however, was not seen after the daily administration of 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone for 3-14 days. Immunocytochemical straining for EGF also indicated a higher concentration of the polypeptide in the glands of RF/J mice than in those of C57BL/6J animals, and confirmed the exclusive localization of EGF in the cells of the granular convoluted tubules (GCT). According to our morphometric analysis, in the glands of male RF/J mice the GCT compartment occupied a greater portion (8% greater, P less than 0.001) of the gland volume than in C57BL/6J mice. The difference in the relative GCT volumes in the glands of female mice of the two strains was, however, statistically not significant. There was no direct correlation between the amount of EGF and the relative volume of the GCTs in the two strains. The evidence obtained implies that strain difference in submandibular-gland EGF levels are determined genetically. PMID- 6971573 TI - Treatment of chronic ocular pain by selective thermocoagulation of the trigeminal ganglion. AB - We used graded radiofrequency heating to destroy pain fibers in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal ganglion while sparing most of the touch fibers in nine patients (seven men and two women, ranging in age from 51 to 74 years) with chronic ocular pain. All nine experienced immediate and complete pain relief. Although one patient required a second procedure after 57 months, the other eight have been pain-free for 44 to 59 months. There were no serious complications. The corneal reflex was preserved and there was no damage to the optic or extraocular muscles. PMID- 6971572 TI - Evidence for an androgen receptor in the human placenta. AB - A steroid-binding protein was examined in human placental and nuclei which had several characteristics of an androgen receptor. It binds R 1881 (methyltrienolone), a steroid specific for androgen receptors, with high affinity (dissociation constant equals 1.3 to 50 nM) and low capacity (n equals 1.2 to 21 moles/mg of protein). The steroid-binding protein is found in the nuclei as well as the cytosol of the placenta but is not found in either the cytosol or the nuclei of fetal membranes; thus, it is tissue-specific. Among the natural steroids, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone competes most efficiently with R1881 for binding to the protein. Testosterone is the next best competitor. When the ranges of dissociation constants and concentrations of binding sites for placentas of various gestational periods are compared, not significant differences are observed between period of gestation and magnitude of binding constants. PMID- 6971574 TI - Effects of vestibular stimulation on spontaneous use of verbal language in developmentally delayed children. AB - The relationship between vestibular stimulation and language development in a group of five primary trainable mentally deficient and five developmentally retarded preschoolers was studied. Subjects received vestibular stimulation prior to a free play situation and were monitored for spontaneous recognizable language use. Results indicated an increase in spontaneous verbal language use for both groups immediately after the stimulation periods, and suggest vestibular stimulation as an effective nonverbal intervention method for the facilitation of spontaneous language. PMID- 6971575 TI - Ultrastructural alterations in human lymphoblastoid B cell lines treated with tunicamycin. AB - The ultrastructure of three human lymphoblastoid B cell lines, Raji, RPMI 4098, and WIL-2, was analyzed after the cells were incubated with tunicamycin, and antibiotic that selectively inhibits N-linked glycosylation of macromolecules. After a 24-hour exposure to 1.0 microgram/ml of tunicamycin, the lymphocytes lose their microvilli and become smooth spheres or develop a few blebs. Also, the cells show a dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and an increase in myelin figures resulting from intracellular membrane accumulation, possibly lysosomal in origin. These ultrastructural alterations are similar to those observed in Tay Sachs, Fabrey's, and Gaucher's diseases, Type II pneumocytes in viral pneumonitis, certain lysosomal storage diseases, and in aging fibroblasts. Therefore, tunicamycin-treated cells may be a useful model in the correlation of altered ultrastructural pattern in membrane flow with the etiology of certain diseases. PMID- 6971576 TI - Nuclear alterations during lymphocyte transformation: relationship to the heterogeneous morphologic presentations of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - A current hypothesis related to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma states that the wide variety of cytologic types in this disorder reflects morphologic alterations during different stages (G1, S, and G2) of the cell cycle involved in the blastogenic transformation of normal lymphocytes. In our investigations of biochemical and structural changes during lymphocyte transformation, we have used correlated stereologic morphometric analysis, assessment of chromatin organization, and autoradiography of human peripheral T-lymphocytes labeled with 3H-thymidine and stimulated with concanavalin A. These studies have confirmed that the characteristic increase in nuclear size and disaggregation of condensed chromatin masses precedes and is independent of DNA synthesis. Since the full range of morphologic alterations observed in lymphocyte transformation can occur in the G1 phase of this process, modifications to the above hypothesis are required. Assessment of the nuclear contour index following mitogen stimulation indicates that at least in this in vivo system, there is no cleaved or convoluted phase during the transformation of human peripheral T lymphocytes. PMID- 6971577 TI - Origins of positive potential difference of frog gastric mucosa in Cl--free solutions. AB - Experiments were performed on gastric mucosae of Rana pipiens with an in vitro method. Bathing both sides of the mucosae in Cl--free solutions resulted in an inverted potential difference (PD) (i.e., nutrient negative). Cimetidine in a concentration of 10(-4) or 10(-3) M in the nutrient solution gave a positive PD when the H+ secretory rate was zero or near zero and confirmed that the PD versus H+ rate was linear. the origins of the positive PD were examined by ion replacement, e.g., choline for Na+ in both solutions. When both solutions had 25 mM HCO(-)3 (i.e., no HCO(-)3 gradient), the difference in PD between choline sulfate and Na2SO4 solutions indicated a possible small active transport of Na+ from the secretory to nutrient side. Similar experiments indicated no active K+ transport. A residual PD occurred without Na+. With H+ rate zero, 100% O2, and no HCO(-)3, a base secretion of about 0.4 mueq.h-1.cm-2 was obtained in a direction to contribute to the positive PD. Active SO2(-)4 transport may occur. PMID- 6971578 TI - Gastric oxyntic cell tubulin: characterization and possible significance. AB - Colchicine-binding activity in the homogenate fractions of the whole gastric epithelium and oxynein tissue has been studied to determine if tubulin is present in the bullfrog stomach. Most of the specific binding activity is found in the 100,000-g soluble fraction and is enriched in the oxynein tissue. Binding is proportional to protein concentration, linear up to 30 min, and half saturable at 16 microM colchicine concentration. Scatchard and direct linear plot analysis yields the following values for binding constants: Kd = 12 microM, Ka = 0.08 X 10(6) M-1, maximal binding capacity (Bmax) = 0.19 X 10(-6) M, and n = 84 pmol/mg protein. Fiftyfold excess lumicolchicine does not affect colchicine binding. The binding activity has been partially purified by the temperature-sensitive cycling technique. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the product shows a major band corresponding to tubulin in the 55,000-dalton region. Tubulin in isolated oxyntic cells can be visualized by indirect immunofluorescence. These data and the observed increase in colchicine-binding activity in the burimamide- over the histamine-treated tissue, possibly due to changes in the levels of tubulin polymerization, suggest a likely involvement of the cytoskeleton in gastric secretion. PMID- 6971580 TI - Antipyrine and aminopyrine permeability of individually perfused frog capillaries. AB - The mechanisms of transport of water and solutes across both hydrophilic and lipophilic pathways in the capillary wall were investigated. Paired measurements of the osmotic reflection and solute permeability coefficients of a lipid soluble solute (antipyrine MW 188 or aminopyrine 231) and a hydrophilic solute (glucose 180) were made on individually perfused capillaries of frog mesentery at temperatures between 5 and 25 degrees C. Below 15 degrees C, the lipophilic pathway accounts for less than 10% of the flux of antipyrine across the capillary wall, whereas at 25 degrees C the lipophilic pathway accounts of 50% of the flux. These results conform to the hypothesis that water and both hydrophilic and lipophilic solutes share an extracellular pathway, but water and lipids cross the cell by entirely separate routes. Both the activation energy for antipyrine and aminopyrine diffusion in the lipophilic pathway (25.9 kcal/mol) and the estimated cell membrane-water partition coefficients of the solutes are similar to values found for mammalian erythrocytes. Lateral diffusion in the cell membranes would account for the lipophilic pathway permeability just as well as diffusion across the cell membranes. PMID- 6971579 TI - Cardiac contractility and sarcolemmal calcium binding in several cardiac muscle preparations. AB - Striking correlations are found between cardiac contractility and Ca2+ binding to isolated cardiac sarcolemma in rabbit, neonatal rat, and frog ventricular tissue. Deviations from this correlation are seen in the adult rat ventricle and rabbit atrium. The observation of this correlation in the three former tissues and under various ionic conditions suggests that this correlation is not coincidental and that Ca2+ bound to the cardiac sarcolemma is of major importance in the control of myocardial contractility. The data are consistent with a functional Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release system in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of all the tissues (which is controlled by Ca2+ entry from sarcolemmal sites), with the adult rat ventricular and rabbit atrial SR Ca2+ release being much more sensitive to CA2+. It is suggested that the frog, neonatal rat, and rabbit ventricles depend more directly on the entry of Ca2+ from sarcolemmal sites for the control of tension development, whereas the adult rat ventricle and rabbit atrium depend to a greater extent on CA2+ released from the SR. PMID- 6971581 TI - Noncirrhotic portal hypertension in adults. AB - Of 366 cases of portal hypertension in adult patients referred for evaluation and management in the past 15 years, the cause was not related to cirrhosis or hemochromatosis in 41. No specific cause was demonstrated for portal hypertension in four cases, which were excluded from further evaluation. Of the remaining 37 patients, 26 had a presinusoidal block characterized primarily by bleeding from esophagogastric varices, and 9 had a postsinusoidal block characterized by the rapid development of intractable ascites. In two cases an arteriovenous fistula was the cause of portal hypertension. Treatment was operative or nonoperative depending on the nature and prognosis of the basic disease. The various approaches to therapy include shunting procedures for the control of ascites or esophagogastric varices, the use of a type of portal-azygous disconnection and a direct approach to a valve or a fistula. In the absence of a rapidly fatal primary disease, portal hypertension is not a threatening problem and may be controlled with minimal mortality by appropriate surgical management. PMID- 6971582 TI - [Use of reflexotherapy for treating endocrine forms of sterility]. PMID- 6971583 TI - The basement membrane complex of the human corneal epithelium. AB - The present report reviews the fine structure of the basement membrane zone or complex in the normal human cornea and describes its alterations in cases of early and acute keratoconus. In normal human cornea the basement membrane zone is formed by a basal lamina (with a lamina lucida and a lamina densa), "special fibrils", collagen fibrils and assemblies of filaments. These components are less evident in the central region of the cornea than in its periphery. In early stages of keratoconus the basement membrane zone is thickened and the lamina densa displays an irregular course. In acute keratoconus, the basement membrane zone is also thickened and includes a large number of "special fibrils" as well as bundles of "microfibrils" (oxytalan fibers). The conclusion that the basement membrane complex of the corneal epithelium is equivalent to the epidermal-dermal junction of the skin is discussed. PMID- 6971585 TI - IgE antibodies to bacteria in patients with bronchial asthma. AB - Bacterial respiratory infections, especially with Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, are frequently associated with an increase of airways obstruction in patients with bronchial asthma. The possible involvement of immediate hypersensitivity in this phenomenon was studied. IgE antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae (HI) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPn) were investigated in the serum of 190 adult patients with bronchial asthma. The IgE antibodies were measured using a solid phase radioimmunoassay method. Living bacteria were used as solid phase. A correction of the non-specific binding of IgE was necessary. IgE antibodies to one or both bacteria were present in 55 of the 190 patients (29%). Eighteen patients were sensitive to HI, 33 to SPn and four to both bacteria. Significantly more IgE antibodies to bacteria were found in patients with demonstrable IgE antibodies to various inhalant allergens. However, the IgE antibodies to one or both bacteria were also present in 22% of patients with no other demonstrable IgE mediated hypersensitivity. The total serum IgE level in patients with IgE antibodies to bacteria was not significantly higher than in patients without hypersensitivity to these bacteria. From these data we concluded that immediate hypersensitivity to bacteria may play a role in the infectious exacerbations of bronchial asthma. PMID- 6971584 TI - Immotile-cilia syndrome and the cilia of the eye. AB - Ten patients with the immotile-cilia syndrome were subjected to an extensive eye examination, which failed to demonstrate any consistent single abnormality. The tests of the retinal function and the aqueous humor dynamics were normal. However, different corneal abnormalities--mostly without clinical significance- were observed in 9 out of 10 patients, suggesting a developmental disturbance. PMID- 6971589 TI - Consultations in emergency medicine: coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6971587 TI - [Data processing system for patients requiring artificial ventilation (author's transl)]. AB - In the surgical intensive care unit of the Mannheim medical Centre a computer program has been developed to assist in the management of patients suffering from ARDS. It is based on a Dietz MUL-TI-USER system. 34 parameters of pulmonary mechanics, hemodynamics and blood gases were recorded off-line routinely. From these data 8 parameters were calculated according to established physiological relationships. Apart fom normal data printout a terminal scope offers graphical display of the interaction of any two parameters chosen. Data may be averaged regarding single patients, groups of patients or time. Data may be stored as hard copies. Operating instructions are very simple. Off-line data feeding is of advantage regarding data allocation, Calibration and plausibility control. We report on the development of the off-line computer system and on clinical efficiency and accuracy of the system in the treatment of patients in respiratory distress. PMID- 6971588 TI - Chewing patterns in normal children. AB - Chewing patterns are precisely plotted in deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions. These show a progression from a large component in the opening movement with a more medial closing path in the deciduous dentition, to a more vertical overall pattern with the closing path lateral to the opening path in the early permanent dentition. PMID- 6971591 TI - [New method for curing drug addiction using Limoges current (apropos of 11 cases]. PMID- 6971590 TI - Secretion of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by cultured rat alveolar macrophages. AB - Alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, metabolically labeled with 35S, was detected in concentrated culture medium of rat alveolar macrophages by immunoelectrophoresis autoradiography. The metabolically labeled macrophage alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor had the same electrophoretic mobility as did pure rat serum alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor. Moreover, monospecific antiserum to rat serum alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor precipitated a 35S-labeled protein from macrophage culture supernates, and this protein was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to have a molecular weight close to that of rat serum alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor. Cycloheximide (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) at a concentration of 0.50 micrograms/ml, inhibited secretion of labeled inhibitor. This, cultured rat alveolar macrophages secrete detectable concentrations of a proteinase inhibitor believed to play a major role in lung defense. PMID- 6971586 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of dopamine during neuroleptanaesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971592 TI - Quantitative study of Scarpa's ganglion and vestibular sense organs in endolymphatic hydrops. AB - The density of vestibular hair cells and the number of neurons in Scarpa's ganglion were estimated for 11 temporal bones with endolymphatic hydrops. The ten subjects from which these bones were taken all exhibited decreased caloric response (when tested), fluctuating hearing loss, and episodic vertigo. The degeneration of vestibular sense organs was found within the "normal" range for all except one case, which showed total degeneration of the posterior crista ampullaris. Ganglion cell counts in all cases were low. In three of the ten subjects, counts fell below the lowest values seen in a sample of "normal" ears. These three subjects exhibited fluctuating hearing loss and episodic vertigo for more than six years prior to death. In cases of unilateral endolymphatic hydrops there was no significant difference between counts in the affected and unaffected ear. Thus, the apparent ganglion cell degeneration may be due to ear disease other than endolymphatic hydrops. PMID- 6971593 TI - Microfissure in the oval window area. AB - Examination of 331 human temporal bones revealed the presence of microfissure in the oval window area in 25%. The youngest temporal bone in which the microfissure was observed was from a child eight years old and the oldest temporal bone was from an individual 102 years old. It appears that hte microfissure in this area occurs extremely rarely before 10 years of age, that it begins to be observed after the age of 10, and that the incidence of this fissure increases sharply at about age 40. In 61% of the bones in which the microfissure was observed, it was present both superior and inferior to the oval window in almost the same vertical plane. In none of the bones, however, did it extend beyond the annular ligament to the footplate. The histological appearance of the microfissure in this area was quite similar to that of the microfissure between the posterior canal ampulla and round window niche, although the latter appeared to be wider in general. The histogenesis of the microfissure is still unknown, but upon careful analysis of the results of this study and literature review, the authors consider nontraumatic spontaneous fracture by mechanical stress to be the most probable explanation for its occurrence. Possible clinical significance of the microfissure is also discussed. PMID- 6971594 TI - Vestibulo-ocular and oculomotor responses following brainstem cerebrovascular accident. PMID- 6971595 TI - [Histopathologic study of interstitial pneumopathy in immunodepressed children. A propos of 22 cases]. PMID- 6971596 TI - Additions to the exclusion map of man. AB - Exclusion mapping was applied to individuals with monosomic segments defined by chromosomal banding. A range of genetic markers and blood groups was determined resulting in new exclusions for unassigned markers at the following segments : (3)(p25 leads to pter) - JK, GPT, PI ; (4)(127 leads to 31) - MNS, JK, PI, C3, F13A, F13B ; (7))q22) - LU, F13A ; (12)(p12) - MNS ; (12)(p13) and (15)(q15) - GPT, C3 ; (12) (pter) and (19)(p or qter) - MNS, GPT, PI ; and (18)(q21 leads to 23) - MNS, JK, F13A. These exclusions may be useful for narrowing the regional localisations of any genetic markers subsequently assigned to the chromosome involved in the exclusion. No new gene assignments were made from cases where family data was available. PMID- 6971598 TI - [A new observation of trisomy 11q due to t(11,22)(q23.1; q11.1) mat (author's transl)]. AB - Trisomy 11q in a 13-month-old patient with severe mental deficiency, generalized dysmorphia, and a cardiac anomaly represents a previously unrecognized form of malsegregation of the frequently observed translocation t(11;22)(q23.1;q11.1). PMID- 6971597 TI - X chromosomes attached by their short arm : presence of an inactive centromere influences the replication patterns. AB - A 19 years old girl with gonadal dysgenesis and short stature had one giant chromosome formed by two X-chromosomes attached by their short arms 46,X,i dic(X) (p223::p223) A 45,X cell line was present in 40% of cultured lymphocytes but only in 2% of fibroblasts cultured from the right gonad and absent in fibroblasts from the left gonad and skin. The abnormal chromosome had one Cd-positive, active centromere and one inactive centromere. A study of DNA replication with autoradiography and BrdU treatment revealed that the abnormal X was always the late replicating one. In a proportion of cells there was an asymmetric pattern of replication : the region with the inactive centromere had a tendency to replicate later than the portion with the functioning centromere. The Xg blood group segregation suggested that the attached X chromosomes were of paternal origin and therefore a true isodicentric formed after an isochromatid break followed by joining of the two sister chromatids. PMID- 6971599 TI - [Partial trisomy (10pter leads to 10q21) and partial monosomy (21pter leads to 21q21) due to a reciprocal balanced familial translocation (10;21)(q21;q21) (author's transl)]. AB - A newborn infant is reported with a karyotype showing a partial trisomy 10 (10pter leads to 10q21) and a partial monosomy 21 (21pter leads to 21q21) due to a reciprocal balanced familial translocation t(10;21)(q21;q21). This is the first case of partial trisomy 10 for the segment 10pter leads to 10q21. PMID- 6971600 TI - The Robinow syndrome. AB - A newborn with the typical stigmata of Robinow syndrome is presented. Perinatal death was due to severe anoxemia with diffuse congestion and haemorrhages. In contrast with the severe genital hypoplasia in the majority of the reported patients the genital development was normal. PMID- 6971601 TI - [Partial trisomy 18 (pter leads to q122) of maternal origin (author's transl)]. AB - Partial trisomy of chromosome 18 (pter leads to q122) due to a maternal t(9;18) is described. The proband's phenotype which includes many features of Edward's syndrome, is compared to other cases of partial trisomy 18 already reported. PMID- 6971602 TI - Triploid-diploid mosaicism in a deeply mentally retarded adult. AB - Triploid-diploid mosaicism in fibroblasts of a deeply mentally retarded 21-year old female is reported. The relevant findings in 2n/3n mosaicism are reviewed and discussed. PMID- 6971603 TI - Familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 8 : is breakpoint p22q23 important in the formation of unbalanced recombinants? AB - A female infant with multiple congenital anomalies was ascertained to have 46,XX,rec(18)dup q, inv(8)(p23q22) through a carrier father with pericentric inversion of chromosome 8 (46,XY,inv(8)(p23q22). Comparison of the clinical and cytogenetic findings are made with previously published similar cases. PMID- 6971605 TI - The fragile site on the long arm of chromosome 16. AB - A boy and his father were found to have very small testes and a fragile site on the long arm of chromosome 16. This fragility would not have been detected in culture medium 199. PMID- 6971604 TI - [Mosaic trisomy 14 due to an iso dicentric chromosome (author's transl)]. AB - Mosaic trisomy 14 due to a de novo formation of an iso dicentric chromosome 14 was observed in a male negro infant who died at the age of one week. Together with three previous reports in the literature of mosaic trisomy 14, this observation allows the delineation of a syndrome characterized by intrauterine growth retardation ; craniofacial dysmorphism with frontal bossing ; hypertelorism ; microretrognathia, small, lowset, abnormally folded ears ; a translucent film over the eyes ; and congenital heart disease. PMID- 6971606 TI - Partial monosomy 22pter leads to q11 in a newborn with the clinical features of trisomy 13 syndrome. AB - In a female newborn with the clinical and postmortem findings of Patau's syndrome no trisomy 13 could be found by chromosomal investigation. Rather, the karyotype 45,XX,-11,-22,+(11;22) (p15;q11) was ascertained by GTG-,RFA-and TFA-banding. The long arm of one chromosome 22 is translocated upon the short arm of one chromosome 11, and the remaining part of the derivative chromosome 22 is lost. The child therefore is monosomic for 22pter leads to q11 and probably for the telomeric region of 11p15. Since both parents possess normal karyotypes, it is a de novo translocation. The case in point illustrates that the more correlation of a given phenotype to a specific karyotype is not possible in all cases. PMID- 6971607 TI - Familial translocation 2;17 with partial trisomy 2q32 leads to 2qter. AB - A case of 2q trisomy in a malformed female infant resulting from unbalanced segregation of maternal origin is reported. The mother and one of the proposita's sibs where found to be carriers of balanced translocation 2;17. Two other members in the kindred had died with multiple malformations. The patient's karyotype was 46,XX,-17, + der (17)t(2;17)(q32;q25)mat. PMID- 6971609 TI - Ring-18 and isopseudodicentric-18 in the same child: a hypothesis to account for common origin. AB - A child with two cell lines, one with a ring 18 and the other with an isodicentric 18 with a suppressed centromere is described. A hypothesis that could account for a common origin of the two cell lines is presented and discussed. The clinical features of this child were compatible with some of the features for each of the syndromes of 18p-, 18q-, and trisomy 18 as described in the literature. PMID- 6971608 TI - Partial distal 12q trisomy. AB - Two profoundly mentally retarded sisters with partial trisomy for the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 12 (12q24 leads to 12qter) are described. Their anomaly arose as a segregation product of a balanced t(12q-; 17q+) translocation in the mother. Both patients display a similar craniofacial dysmorphism, but lack gross internal or external malformations. PMID- 6971611 TI - [Parenthood diagnosis within a family. II. Determination of an optimal sequence of genetic markers (author's transl)]. AB - The rapid discovery of new markers systems makes it impossible for financial reasons to study the polymorphism determination of all known genetic markers when dealing with parenthood problems. We propose to use the percentage of rejected subjects with respect to the (mother, children) set as a decision tool to define a sequence which provides the maximum information for the minimum cost. This decision rule is evaluated with a sample of 150 families whose polymorphism is determined on the same sequence of 20 genetic markers. PMID- 6971610 TI - Hyperuricaemia associated with 18q deletion. Atypical Lesch-Nyhan syndrome? AB - The existence of a clinically typical Lesch-Nyhan syndrome was observed in a male infant with 18q deletion syndrome. Indirect hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase activity determination demonstrated a normal value, and thus the possibility of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome linked to the X-chromosome may be excluded. It is assumed that the uric acid metabolism must be under the primary or secondary effect of one or other of the gene loci on the long arm of chromosome 18, since the existence off a hyperuricaemic syndrome was observed in this 18q deletion patient. PMID- 6971613 TI - [Electrophoretic comparison of two chimpanzee species (author's transl)]. AB - Pan troglodytes and P. paniscus differ electrophoretically only at 1 locus out of the 34 examined. This is the transferrine locus which varies in different geographical chimpanzee sub-species. P. troglodytes and P. paniscus are concluded to have diverged relatively recently. PMID- 6971614 TI - Mosaic trisomy 19 syndrome. AB - A stillborn male infant with mosaic trisomy 19 (46,XY/47,XY,+19) is reported. The prenatal ultrasound revealed polyhydramnios, edema of the fetal head and abdominal ascites. The clinical features of the proband include hydrops, epicanthal fold, hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge, short nose, small mouth, low set and malformed ears, narrow meati, short neck with excessive skin, short chest, protuberant abdomen, mild relative shortening of the proximal portion of the extremities, spoon-shaped nails, Simian lines and club feet. These features are compared to two earlier reports of trisomy 19q syndrome. PMID- 6971612 TI - Particular secondary chromosome changes in chronic leukemia t (8;17): report of two cases. AB - Two cases of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive chronic myeloid leukemia with identical structural changes in addition to the standard (9;22) translocation are described. The specificity of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6971615 TI - [A case of trisomy 19 mosaicism (author's transl)]. AB - Trisomy-19 mosaicism was observed in lymphocytes of a newborn male with facial dysmorphism (upward slanting palpebral fissures, pointed nose, short upper lip, prominent antitragus), laryngeal stridor, and leucothrombopenia, and who died on day 13. Autopsy revealed no other major malformation but poor development of the cerebral sulci. PMID- 6971620 TI - Partial monosomy of the long arm of chromosome 11 in a severely affected child. AB - A white female infant affected with deletion of the terminal end of the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q-) is presented. The clinical features--including trigonocephaly, epicanthal folds, coloboma of iris, prominent occiput, dysplastic ears, carp-shaped mouth, micrognathia, pectus excavalum single umbilical artery, anorectal malformation, dysplastic fifth fingers, hypoplastic nails, simian creases, hydronephrotic multicystic kidney, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and congenital heart anomalies--are compatible with the majority of reported cases. Clinical features observed in this patient, however, represent a much more severely affected pattern than reported in 11q- patients previously. PMID- 6971618 TI - Evidence of gene dosage effect for HK 1 in the red cells of a patient with trisomy 10pter leads to p13. AB - Quantitative evaluation of six red cell enzymes in a patient with trisomy 10p syndrome showed significantly increased activity levels of HK 1. These results are in agreement with the evidence derived from another similar patient and strongly support the idea of gene dosage effect of HK1 in the erythrocytes of 10p trisomics. It is suggested that the HK 1 structural locus may be in the 10 pter leads to p13 region. PMID- 6971616 TI - Trisomy 22q12 leads to qter: "aneusomie de recombinaison" of a pericentric inversion. AB - A 10-day-old girl affected with 22q12 leads to qter "pure" trisomy as a consequence of recombination within a maternal pericentric inversion (22)(p13q12) is described. A phenotypical comparative analysis reveals that the proposita's phenotype is strikingly similar to that of the trisomy 22 syndrome. Arylsulphatase-A activity was above normal levels and interpreted to be the result of a triple dosage of the gene, whose localization would be within the 22q12 leads to qter segment. It is concluded that the segment 22q12 leads to qter, rather than band q11 as previously suggested, plays an important role in determining the phenotypical abnormalities which characterize the trisomy 22 syndrome. PMID- 6971619 TI - A malformed newborn with 9p and 4q trisomy. AB - A malformed male newborn with partial trisomy 9p (qter-9q13) and distal 4q trisomy (4qter-4q31), being the unbalanced product of a balanced reciprocal translocation in the mother karyotype: 46,XX,t(4;9)(q31;q13) is reported. Besides the typical craniofacial stigmata of pure 9q trisomy the child presented with poor neurological condition and failure to thrive. PMID- 6971617 TI - Simultaneous trisomy 10q24 leads to qter and monosomy 4p16: an example of epistasis at the chromosome level. AB - A family with a reciprocal translocation (4;10)(p16;q24) leading to a simultaneous 10q24 leads to qter trisomy and partial 4p16 monosomy in two females (niece and aunt) is described. Comparative analysis with previously reported cases corroborates a distinctive dysmorphic syndrome due to the 10q24 leads to qter trisomy whose phenotypical expression is dominant over that of the 4p16 monosomy and those produced by other partial monosomies. This phenomenon is interpreted as epistasis at the chromosome level. PMID- 6971621 TI - Partial trisomy 20. AB - A child with a facial dysmorphy and congenital malformations, showed in the chromosome analysis a partial trisomy of chromosome 20. This anomaly, resulted from a maternal translocation t(11;20), (q35;q11). PMID- 6971622 TI - Variant Turner features in a female with X-isochromosome [46,X, i(Xq)]: is it a distinct clinical entity? AB - A thirty seven year-old Caucasian female presented with short stature and primary amenorrhea. Employing multiple banding techniques, an isochromosome of the long arm of the X chromosome [i(Xq)] was identified in her peripheral blood and skin fibroblast cultures. This chromosomal abnormality can be interpreted as 46,X,i(X)(qter leads to cen leads to qter). The i(Xq) is late replicating and selectively inactive. The present case was found to have minimal abnormal features when compared with previously published cases. Since patients with i(Xq) have quite variable clinical features, the existence of a distinct clinical entity of "X-isochromosome syndrome" is questioned. PMID- 6971624 TI - Modulation of a complex immune system. PMID- 6971626 TI - Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. A review of the recent literature. AB - Publications relating to cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) (principally mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome), which appeared primarily from 1977 to 1979, are reviewed. A wide variety of topics, including pathogenesis, immunologic characteristics, lymphoid cell morphologic characteristics, cytogenetics, clinical reports, and topical, radiation, and other therapies, are included. Although CTCLs make up a relatively small part of the spectrum of cutaneous disease, the impressive body of literature speaks for a considerable interest in this group of potentially fatal disorders. PMID- 6971623 TI - [Partial monosomy 10p in a case investigated with tomodensitometry (author's transl)]. AB - A new case of monosomy 10p without associated chromosomal abnormality is reported. This observation, compared with three others from the literature, shows the following common symptoms: microcephaly, antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures, low-set ears, prominent anthelix, congenital heart disease, abnormalities of the limbs. Cranial tomography demonstrates a midline developmental anomaly of the brain (cavum vergae associated with cavum septi pellucidi). PMID- 6971625 TI - Histiocytosis X. AB - A patient with histiocytosis X had nonhealing mouth lesions. Evaluation revealed diabetes insipidus and numerous bony lesions. Electron microscopy of the mouth lesions and lymph nodes did not indicate Langerhans cells, which have frequently been described as occurring in histiocytosis X. A survey of 59 patients examined during a 20-year period at UCLA reported the presence of oral lesions in 42% of the cases and confirmed the occurrence of a wide range of clinical patterns and variations in the course of the disease. PMID- 6971627 TI - IgG antiglobulins in rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides: relationship with clinical features and other parameters. AB - A radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring IgG antiglobulins using baboon IgG as antigen. Raised levels were virtually confined to the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and not found in other seronegative arthritides. High levels were found in both seropositive and seronegative (as judged by latex slide and sheep cell differential agglutination for IgM antiglobulins) patients with RA and were associated with systemic disease but not synovitis. Very high levels (more than twice the upper limit of normal) showed a strong association with vasculitis. PMID- 6971628 TI - How valuable is perioperative flow measurement in aortocoronary bypass grafts? PMID- 6971632 TI - Effects of gold salts and penicillamine on serum complement. AB - The effects of the gold salt sodium aurothiomalate and of d-penicillamine on complement were studied in vitro. Total haemolytic complement was inhibited by 0.05-1mM gold. The inhibitory potency of gold was inversely correlated to the concentration of complement in the system, but was not diminished by albumin or decomplemented serum protein in concentrations approaching those circulating in blood. Penicillamine which itself slightly inhibited complement, prevented or reversed the action of gold. Conversion of C1s to C1esterase was not inhibited. Gold inhibited the action of C1esterase on component C4, but not the action on small-molecular synthetic ester substrates. Only very high gold concentrations (375-560 microM) inhibited the conversion of C3 to C3b. No inhibition of the alternative pathway was detected. PMID- 6971629 TI - Constrictive pericarditis following cardiac surgery. AB - Five patients with constriction secondary to pericarditis or membrane formation following cardiac surgical procedures are reported. In 4 of the 5 patients, a postpericardiotomy syndrome developed after the original procedure. Constriction occurred from ten weeks to almost 6 years after the cardiac operation. Clinicians should watch carefully for the delayed onset of constriction in patients with a postpericardiotomy syndrome after cardiac operation. PMID- 6971630 TI - A comparison of the responses to some dopamine-receptor agonists and antagonists in the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - Bromocriptine (5-100 microgram; 6.7 X 10(-9) - 1.3 X 10(-7) mol.), SK&F 38393 (2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine, 0.5-5 mg; 1.7 X 10( 6)-1.7 X 10(-5) mol.) and apomorphine (20-200 microgram; 6.4 X 19(-8)-6.4 X 10( 7) mol.) administered into rat kidneys perfused with physiological solution containing vasopressin and pretreated with an alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist produced vasodilator responses similar to dopamine (50-100 microgram; 2.6 X 10( 8)-5.3 X 10(-7) mol.). THe responses to bromocriptine, SK&F 38393 and apomorphine were found to be significantly reduced by the dopamine receptor antagonist ergometrine (50 microgram; 1.1 X 10(-7) mol.). Metoclopramide (250 microgram; 7.4 X 10(-7) mol.) was found to be an effective antagonist of dopamine, bromocriptine, SK&F 38393 and apomorphine. Apomorphine (20, 50 microgram; 6.4 X 10(-8), 1.6 X 10(-7) mo.) was found to act as a partial agonist on dopamine receptors in this preparation. PMID- 6971631 TI - Cardiovascular effects of indapamide on frog hearts and open-chest cats. AB - Unlike related diuretics indapamide has been found by some investigators to be associated with a mild reduction in heart rate during its use as an antihypertensive agent. This investigation concerns the attempt to duplicate this phenomenon in animals and to elucidate possible mechanisms. In isolated frog hearts, high concentrations (0.3 mM) of indapamide decreased contractions 21.7 +/ 1.2% and rate 9.1 +/- 1.0%. This effect was not observed with chlorothiazide, acetazolamide, or furosemide and was not altered by atropine. Also in the frog heart, 0.03 mM indapamide reduced the stimulatory effects of isoproterenol and calcium ion and enhanced the inhibitory action of acetylcholine. In open-chest cats, after 30 min, indapamide (3 mg/kg, i.v.) elicited minor decreases in heart rate, aortic flow, and mean carotid pressure. When arterial pressure was rapidly reduced by acetylcholine (5 microgram/kg, i.v.) the resultant rise in aortic flow was significantly diminished by indapamide pre-treatment. Antifibrillatory activity was measured in the open-chest cat by determining the minimum electrical current, delivered to the right atrium, required to induce atrial fibrillation. Quinidine (5 mg/kg, i.v.) and chlorothiazide (10 mg/kg, i.v.) raised the fibrillatory threshold 94.3 +/- 10.1 % and 45.1 +/- 4.0 % respectively while indapamide displayed minimal activity. PMID- 6971633 TI - Comparative antidysrhythmic profiles of bepridil, amiodarone and disopyramide in the guinea-pig and dog. AB - The antiarrhythmic effects of a novel antianginal agent, bepridil, were compared with four reference products. Bepridil increased the effective refractory period in isolated guinea-pig atria slightly more than hydroquinidine, and much more than disopyramide and lidocaine. Amiodarone was without effect. The doses of bepridil necessary for correcting atrial fibrillation induced by local application of aconitine, were similar for hydroquinidine, higher than for lidocaine and disopyramide but lower than for amiodarone. Bepridil depressed the tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation induced by perfusing aconitine in anesthetized guinea-pigs at doses of the same order of magnitude as for disopyramide and hydroquinidine. Lidocaine only exerted weak activity in this system, while amiodarone was without effect. Bepridil was less active than the four reference products, particularly disopyramide, on rhythm disorders induced by coronary artery ligation. PMID- 6971635 TI - [Retrocerebellar cysts and cysts of the tentorial hiatus in children (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 11 children is reported with retrocerebellar cysts or cysts of the tentorial hiatus. The principal symptom is hydrocephalus of early onset (before 3 months of age in 6/11 cases). Neuroradiological examination usually shows only an expansive lesion of the posterior fossa, and occasionally the cyst itself. These classically called arachnoid cysts are probably glio-ependymal in origin. PMID- 6971636 TI - [Immunology and tumors. Effector cells]. AB - Since Burnet expounded the theory of immune surveillance, various cells have been indicated as the "effectors" of the body immunological defence against tumours. Until recently, the ability to lyse tumour target cells was assigned to macrophages and the so-called thymus-dependent lymphocytes, known as killer T cells. The discovery of natural killer cells in mice recently has widened the number of effectors and the field of research in this sector. An examination is made of the features and main properties of these cell groups, and some questions are posed concerning their ability to cooperate in anti-neoplastic immunological defence. PMID- 6971634 TI - Factors affecting the cellular expression of bacterial luciferase. AB - The in vivo expression of cellular bacterial luciferase has been defined as the luciferase expression quotient, measured as the ratio of the bioluminescence intensity in vivo to the in vitro activity of luciferase in crude cell extracts. The expression is greater in the presence of inhibitors of the electron transport system such as cyanide and N-heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline and also at lower oxygen tensions. The higher expression of the cellular luciferase under these conditions is postulated to be due to an increase in the intracellular levels of reduced coenzymes which enhance both the reduction of flavin and the reduction of fatty acid to aldehyde. Both FMNH2 and aldehyde are substrates in the light emitting reaction. PMID- 6971639 TI - [Evaluation of muscle function disorders in arthrosis using the knee joint as model]. PMID- 6971637 TI - [Experimental arteriosclerosis in Wistar rats given a low-protein diet]. PMID- 6971638 TI - Variations in gravitoinertial force level affect the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex: implications for the etiology of space motion sickness. AB - Recordings of horizontal nystagmus were obtained on 16 male subjects exposed to repeated patterns of horizontal angular acceleration, constant velocity rotation, and sudden-stop deceleration in the laboratory and in the free-fall and high force periods of parabolic flight. Nystagmus intensity was a clear function of gravitoinertial force level: slow phase velocity and beat frequency increased during exposure to high force levels and decreased in free-fall compared to values obtained at I G. These findings indicate that the gain of the vestibulo ocular reflex decreases in free-fall. This fact likely accounts for the disorientation and dizziness sometimes experienced by astronauts when moving their heads in the early phases of orbital flight and again after splashdown. The implications of the present findings, both for the etiology and for the treatment of space motion sickness, are discussed. PMID- 6971640 TI - [Analytic considerations regarding realization of physiotherapeutic prescriptions for the purpose of orthopedic therapy]. PMID- 6971641 TI - Binding of alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1 protease inhibitor) to human lymphocytes. PMID- 6971642 TI - Calmodulin inhibitors modify cell surface changes triggered by a tumor promoter. PMID- 6971643 TI - 2-Deoxycoformycin inhibition of intracellular phosphorylation of adenosine in Novikoff rat hepatoma cells. PMID- 6971644 TI - Changes in plasma free fatty acids and hepatic enzymes following traumatic injury in the rat. PMID- 6971645 TI - American Rheumatism Association. 45th annual meeting. Boston, Massachusetts. June 3-6, 1981. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 6971648 TI - Accelerated acute clonidine withdrawal syndrome during coronary artery bypass surgery. A case report. AB - A patient with essential hypertension treated with clonidine developed accelerated acute clonidine withdrawal syndrome during coronary artery bypass surgery. There were recurring hypotensive and hypertensive episodes. The hypotension was associated with myocardial ischaemia, cardiac arrhythmia and ventricular fibrillation, and was treated successfully with i.v. calcium chloride given at the onset of hypotension. PMID- 6971646 TI - Long-term survival after coronary bypass surgery. Comparison of various subsets of patients with general population. AB - Life-table analysis consecutive cases of isolated coronary bypass surgery at the Buffalo Hospital between 1973 and 1977 showed an estimated survival of 94 per cent at five years, equal to that of an age- and sex-matched group of the US population. Subsets of these patients divided according to sex, age, number of vessels narrowed, number of segments grafted, history of myocardial infarction, ejection fraction, and presence of unstable angina have estimated survivals not statistically less in any of these subsets than that of matched cohorts of the general population. PMID- 6971647 TI - Long-term results after left ventricular aneurysmectomy. AB - Twenty-six patients (21 men and five women) with a mean age of 54.8 years have been reinvestigated nine to 62 months (mean 29.7) after left ventricular aneurysmectomy. Preoperatively left ventricular angiography disclosed an anterior aneurysm in all cases, which was large in 15 (57%) and small to medium in 11 (42%). At follow-up a large residual aneurysm was found in five (19%), a small to medium one in 13 (50%), and akinesia without aneurysm in eight (31%). The sum of ST elevation (sigma ST) in praecordial leads in the electrocardiogram was reduced from a mean value of 11.2 mm to 7.7 mm. In no patient did ST segments return to normal after operation. Preoperatively, mean sigma ST was identical in patients with large and with small to medium aneurysms. At reinvestigation mean sigma ST was identical in patients with large and with small to medium residual aneurysms as well as in patients with akinesia. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure before angiography was reduced from a mean value of 21.5 mm to 15.1 mmHg and after angiography from 26.7 mm to 21.1 mmHg. Progression of coronary artery stenoses was a characteristic finding in patients whose left ventricular end diastolic pressures did not return to normal. These patients had a longer follow up time than those with no progression of coronary disease, who all showed an improvement in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Six patients who had coronary bypass grafting performed had unchanged left ventricular end-diastolic pressures at follow-up. The results indicate that progression of coronary artery disease may be responsible for an eventual further deterioration in left ventricular function after aneurysmectomy. Additional bypass grafting did not result in improved left ventricular function. PMID- 6971650 TI - Thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antibody responses: contrasting patterns of immunosuppression. AB - The effects of mitoclomine, an anti-tumour agent, and of cortisone acetate on the antibody response of mice to thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens were compared. Both agents yielded patterns of immunosuppression which differed from that seen after X-rays, an agent which is likely to be active equally against T and B cells. Mitoclomine, at low doses, depressed thymus-independent responses the most; this effect can be explained if the drug is more active against B than T cells. Cortisone acetate at low doses, while depressing thymus dependent responses, increased thymus-independent responses; this can be explained if the drug is more active against T than B cells. Thus three different patterns of immunosuppression (for X-rays, mitoclomine and cortisone acetate) can be interpreted in terms of effects simply on T or B cells. PMID- 6971649 TI - T lymphoblastic leukaemia and the central nervous system. AB - Of 100 children and adolescents with lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) seen over a 6 year period, 25 developed clinically evident infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS), despite early treatment with cranial radiotherapy and intrathecal methotrexate. Nine of these 25 had the features of T ALL, though there were only 17 such patients overall. Not only did those with T ALL get CNS disease more frequently, but they did so much sooner after diagnosis (P less than 0.001) and more commonly had associated facial palsies (P less than 0.05). The tendency to develop CNS infiltration appeared to be significantly related to the possession of T-cell markers (P less than 0.02), but not to the diagnostic white cell count (P = 0.37). These findings suggest that current CNS prophylactic therapy is ineffective in most patients with T ALL. PMID- 6971651 TI - Measurement of placental protein 5, placental lactogen and pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein in mid-trimester as a predictor of outcome of pregnancy. AB - The circulating levels of placental protein 5 (PP5), placental lactogen (hPL) and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) were measured in 254 women at the 16th week of pregnancy and the levels were correlated to fetal outcome in late pregnancy. A significant association was shown between high PP5 levels and premature delivery, and low SP1 levels and intrauterine growth retardation. Measurement of placental proteins in the first half of pregnancy may be a valuable clinical index of fetal outcome in late pregnancy. PMID- 6971652 TI - Isolation and biochemical characterization of leukemia-associated inhibitory activity that suppresses colony and cluster formation of cells. AB - Leukemia-associated inhibitory activity suppresses colony and cluster formation in vitro cells derived from granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells of normal donors. It does not inhibit these same progenitor cells from patients with leukemia and it may contribute to the proliferative advantage leukemia cells appear to possess over normal hematopoietic cells during acute leukemia. The inhibitory activity was isolated by a combination of procedures including: ultracentrifugation, Sephadex G-200, carboxymethylcellulose, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, thin-layer and preparative isoelectric focusing and concanavalin A-Sepharose. Leukemia-associated inhibitory activity was characterized as a glycoprotein. it was inactivated by trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase and periodate treatment. It bound to and was eluted by alpha methylmannose from concanavalin A-Sepharose columns and had an apparent Mr range of 450-550 000 and an isoelectric focus value between pH 4.6 and 4.9. Crude leukemia associated inhibitory activity was temperature sensitive but the more purified preparations were heat stable. PMID- 6971654 TI - The effect of cerebral electrostimulation on the frontalis electromyogram. PMID- 6971653 TI - [Aural electric field of an isolated frog nerve]. PMID- 6971655 TI - Increased stable E rosette-forming cells in alcoholic liver disease. AB - Circulating total E rosette-forming cells (E-RFC) and stable E-RFC (activated T cells) were studied in 10 patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH), 15 with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and 20 normal controls. Total E-RFC were significantly reduced in AH and AC as compared to the controls. By contrast, both proportions and absolute numbers of stable E-RFC were significantly increased in AH and AC, the increase was greatest in AH. These findings represent evidence for abnormalities in T cell subpopulations in alcoholic liver disease and suggest that monitoring stable E-RFC may prove useful in assessing disease activity in AH. PMID- 6971657 TI - Complement fixing activity and immunoglobulin classes of antinuclear antibodies occurring in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The sera of 88 patient suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) containing antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were studied for: I) the complement fixing capacity of these ANAs: II) their immunoglobulin class. The results showed that: I) ANAs bind complement to a significant extent in 2 patients with SLE out of 3, but not in RA; II) the ANAs which bind complement belong partially or totally to the IgG class, while most of the ANAs from SLE not fixing complement belong to other classes; III) the ANAs from RA were most often from the IgM class and, surprisingly, they did not bind complement; IV) the occurrence of IgM ANA in SLE patients seems to be associated with clinical manifestations of arthritis. This double test (identification of ANA class and complement binding capacity), appears to be a valuable aid in the cases where diagnosis between RA and SLE is questionable. PMID- 6971656 TI - Human T lymphocyte colonies. I. Surface markers and cytotoxic potential of colony cells. AB - Colonies were obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) grown in soft agar in the presence of PHAM or PHAp mitogens. One out of 130 PBL was able to generate a colony. Colony cells were mass harvested and assayed for surface markers and cytotoxic potential. Most of the colony cells (83%) form spontaneous rosettes with sheep-red blood cells (RBC) and bear the human T lymphocyte antigens (HTLA) (92%). A significant amount of colony cells able to bind autologous RBC was detected (24%). The capacity of PBL and colony cells to bind Ox-RBC sensitized with rabbit anti-Ox-RBC IgM (EAM complexes) was measured: only 15% of colony cells compared to 49% of the PBL formed EAM rosettes. The capacity of cells to bind the Fc portion of antigen-complexed IgG was investigated by two rosette assays: using Chicken or Ox-RBC sensitized with a rabbit anti-Chicken-RBC or Ox RBC IgG (Chicken EAG or Ox-EAG complexes). The percentage of colony cells forming Chicken EAG rosettes was low (3.6%) compared to PBL (12%). This percentage was significantly increased with PHAp, and not PHAM stimulation (11%). Using Ox-EAG complexes, we confirmed the low percentage of EAG rosettes in colony cells under PHAM stimulation (4.7%) compared to PBL (21%). A significant cytotoxic capacity (spontaneous or antibody dependent) was found in colony cells after PHAM stimulation. This method of culture is able to generate clones of T cells and conserve T cell subsets and cytotoxic potential usually found in a T purified population. In further studies, it will be interesting to investigate if each clone possesses specific markers and cytotoxic potential and is able to maintain this differentiation step in long term culture. PMID- 6971660 TI - A quantitative analysis of elastic, entropic, electrostatic, and osmotic forces within relaxed skinned muscle fibers. AB - The elastic behavior of mechanically skinned skeletal muscle fibers in relaxing solution is modelled using equations developed by Flory (1953) for the elasticity of non-biological polymers. Mechanically, the relaxed skinned fiber is considered to be a semi-crystalline network of inextensible polymer chains, which are periodically cross-linked and which are bathed in an aqueous medium. We consider (1) configurational elastic forces in the network, (2) entropic forces due to mixing of polymer and water, (3) electrostatic forces due to fixed charges on the muscle proteins and mobile charges in the bathing solution, and (4) compressive forces due to large colloids in the bathing solution. Van der Waals forces are not considered since calculations show that they are probably negligible under our conditions. We derive an expression which relates known quantities (ionic strength, osmotic compressive pressure, and fiber width), experimentally estimated quantities (fixed charge density and volume fraction of muscle proteins), and derived quantities (concentration of cross-links and a parameter reflecting the interaction energy between protein and water). The model was tested by comparison with observed changes in skinned fiber width under a variety of experimental conditions which included changes in osmotic compressive pressure, pH, sarcomere length, and ionic strength. Over a wide range of compressive pressure (0-36 atm) the theory predicted the nonlinear relation between fiber width and logarithm of pressure. The direction and magnitude of the decrease in width when pH was decreased to 4 could be modelled assuming the fixed charge density on the protein network was 0.34 moles of electrons per liter protein, a value in accordance with the estimates of others. The relation between width and sarcomere length over the complete range of compressive pressures could be modelled with the assumption that the number of cross-links increases somewhat with sarcomere length. Changes of width with ionic strength were modelled assuming that increasing salt concentration both increased the electrostatic shielding of fixed charges and decreased the number of cross-links. The decrease of fiber width in 1% glutaraldehyde was modelled by assuming that the concentration of crosslinks increased by some 10%. The theory predicted the order of magnitude but not the detailed shape of the passive tension-length relation which may indicate that, as with non-biological polymers, the theory does not adequately describe the behavior of semi-crystalline networks at high degrees of deformation. In summary, the theory provides a semiquantitative approach to an understanding of the nature and relative magnitudes of the forces underlying the mechanical behavior of relaxed skinned fibers. It indicates, for instance, that when fibers are returned to near their in vivo size with 3% PVP, the forces in order of their importance are: (elastic forces) approximately (entropic forces) greater than (electrostatic forces) approximately (osmotic compressive forces). PMID- 6971658 TI - Effects of hyperosmotic solutions on the filament lattice of intact frog skeletal muscle. AB - The effect of increasing the osmotic strength of the extracellular solution on the fifament lattice of living frog sartorius and semitendinosus muscle has been studied using low-angle x-ray diffraction to measure the lattice spacing. As the extracellular osmotic strength is increased, the filament lattice shrinks like an osmometer until a minimal spacing between the thick filaments is reached. This minimal spacing varies from 20 to 31 nm, depending on the sarcomere length. Further increase in the osmotic strength produces little further shrinkage. The osmotic shrinkage curve indicates, for both muscles, an osmotically-inactive volume of approximately 30% of the volume in normal Ringer's solution. Shrinkage appears to be independent of temperature and the type of particle used to increase the osmotic strength (glucose, sucrose, small ions). The rate at which osmotic equilibruim is reached depends on muscle size, being slower for greater muscle diameters. Equilibrium spacings are approached exponentially with time constants ranging from 20 to 60 min. Independent of osmotic equilibrium, the lattice tends to shrink slowly by approximately 3% over the first few hours after dissection, probably because of a leakage of K+ ions from inside the muscle cells. This can be partly prevented by using an extracellular solution which contains a higher concentration of K+ ions or which is hypoosmotic. The volume of the muscle filament lattice (1.155d10(2) . S) is constant over a very wide range of sarcomere lengths, and is equal to approximately 3.6 x 10(6) nm3 for a range of amphibian muscle types. PMID- 6971659 TI - Lateral diffusion of rhodopsin in photoreceptor cells measured by fluorescence photobleaching and recovery. AB - Frog rod outer segments were labeled with the sulfhydryl-reactive label iodoacetamido tetramethylrhodamine. The bulk of the label reacted with the major disk membrane protein, rhodopsin. Fluorescence photobleaching and recovery (FPR) experiments on labeled rods showed that the labeled proteins diffused rapidly in the disk membranes. In these FPR experiments we observed both the recovery of fluorescence in the bleached spot and the loss of fluorescence from nearby, unbleached regions of the photoreceptor. These and previous experiments show that the redistribution of the fluorescent labeled proteins after bleaching was due to diffusion. The diffusion constant, D, was (3.0 +/- 10(-9) cm2 s-1 if estimated from the rate of recovery of fluorescence in the bleached spot, and (5.3 +/- 2.4) x 10(-9) cm2 s-1 if estimated from the rate of depletion of fluorescence from nearby regions. The temperature coefficient, Q10, for diffusion was 1.7 +/- 0.5 over the range 10 degrees--29 degrees C. These values obtained by FPR are in good agreement with those previously obtained by photobleaching rhodopsin in fresh, unlabeled rods. This agreement indicates that the labeling and bleaching procedures required by the FPR method did not significantly alter the diffusion rate of rhodopsin. Moreover, the magnitude of the diffusion constant for rhodopsin is that to be expected for an object of its diameter diffusing in a bilayer with the viscosity of the disk membrane. In contrast to the case of rhodopsin, FPR methods applied to other membrane proteins have yielded much smaller diffusion constants. The present results help indicate that these smaller diffusion constants are not artifacts of the method but may instead be due to interactions the diffusing proteins have with other components of the membrane in addition to the viscous drag imposed by the lipid bilayer. PMID- 6971661 TI - Cross bridge slippage in skinned frog muscle fibres. AB - Mechanically skinned single fibres of the semitendinosus muscles of Rana esculenta were investigated at ca. 4 degrees C. The fibres were activated by a Ca2+ jump technique, which allowed the development of a steady isometric tension within several seconds of entering a calcium rich solution at 4 degrees C. Sequences of length changes of different duration and amplitude were applied to the fibre. It could be demonstrated that the fibre behaved as a Hookean spring in the case of small amplitude length changes (up to 0.5% L0, ramp duration 0.5 ms) and that a sequence of length changes induced reversible changes in fibre state. In contrast, large stretches (greater than 1% L0) induced a muscle "give" if the stretch were not immediately preceded by a release. The data was interpreted on the basis of a strain induced detachment of cross bridges in combination with a rapid reattachment of presumably the same cross bridges in a discharged position. The rates of strain induced detachment and reattachment depended on the stretch amplitude. At amplitudes exceeding 2% L0 the rates were estimated to be at least several thousands per second. PMID- 6971662 TI - Theoretical studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. IV. Conformational analysis of novel beta-lactam antibiotics and the binding specificities of crosslinking enzyme(s) and beta-lactamases. PMID- 6971663 TI - Pure red cell aplasia and hypogammaglobulinemia associated with Tr-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A 72-yr-old male with Tr-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Tr-CLL) exhibited pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and hypogammaglobulinemia. During a remission of Tr CLL, and while receiving cyclophosphamide therapy, he recovered from PRCA and hypogammaglobulinemia. To investigate the pathogenesis of PRCA and hypogammaglobulinemia, we used coculture techniques to study the effect of the malignant Tr cells on erythroid colony formation and B-cell differentiation to immunoglobulin-producing cells. Varying numbers of malignant Tr cells (2 X 10 to 2 X 10(5) cells) were cocultured with 2 X 10(5) normal bone marrow cells. The malignant Tr cells caused a marked reduction of erythroid colony formation in the plasma clot system. This suppression of erythroid colony formation was reversed when the malignant Tr cells were pretreated with antilymphocyte serum and complement. There was no evidence of inhibitory effects in the serum or the supernatant media of the malignant Tr cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The malignant Tr cells, stored at --80 degrees C before transfusion, were also capable of suppressing autologous erythroid colony formation after recovery from PRCA. In addition, malignant Tr cells were found to have strong suppressor activity against the immunoglobulin biosynthesis by allogeneic B cells. The in vitro suppressions of both erythroid colony formation and B-cell differentiation provide an explanation for the association of PRCA and hypogammaglobulinemia with Tr-CLL. PMID- 6971665 TI - Increased radiosensitivity of a subpopulation ot T-lymphocyte progenitors from patients with Fanconi's anemia. AB - In vitro radiation survival of peripheral blood T lymphocytes was studied in 15 clinically normal adults and 4 patients with Fanconi's anemia. Tritiated thymidine incorporation in a whole blood lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) and a newly developed whole blood T-lymphocyte colony assay were used to measure lymphocyte blastogenesis and colony formation in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin-A (Con-A) stimulation. Lymphocyte colony formation was found to be consistently more sensitive than the LST for detection of low-level radiation effects using both normal cells and lymphocytes from Fanconi's anemia patients. Lymphocytes from patients with Fanconi's anemia were significantly more sensitive to in vitro x-irradiation than lymphocytes from clinically normal individuals as measured by their ability to divide when stimulated by PHA in the LST (patients, D37 = 198 R; normals, D37 = 309 R, p = 0.057) and colony formation assay (patients, D37 = 53 R; normals, D37 = 109 R, p = 0.016). No significant difference in the radiosensitivity of the Con-A response was observed between the two groups. The PHA-responsive T-lymphocyte subpopulation in Fanconi's anemia patients appears to be intrinsically defective. The nature of this defect, significance in the disease process, and relevancy of these findings to the establishment of radiation protection standards are discussed. PMID- 6971668 TI - [Lymphocytes subpopulation in cancer's patients. Relationship with primitive anatomical location, histological type and clinical stage (author's transl)]. AB - Several markers of humoral and cellular immunity were studied in 49 untreated patients with malignancies of different anatomical locations, histological types and clinical stages. The proportion of EAC rosettes, levels of immunoglobulins as well as levels of the C3 and C4 components of the complement system were within the normal range (p.n.s.). The proportion of T lymphocytes, measured by the classical E rosette method at 4 degrees C, was significantly decreased in the whole group when compared with a control population (mean 46,27 +/- 12,34, p less than 0.0005), regardless of the anatomical origin of the tumor. In patients with lung cancer (45,52 +/- 10,37), those with the epidermoid type (51 +/- 9,45) had a reduced number of E rosettes when compared with controls (58,87 +/- 5,53 p less than 0.005) but they were still greater in number than in the other histological types (43,16 +/ 9,97 p less than 0.025). We found no relationship between the proportion of E rosettes and the clinical stage. The number of T lymphocytes with E rosettes after incubation at 30 degrees C was within normal limits in most patients, except in those cases with lung cancer at an early clinical stage (23,94 +/- 5,85 p less than 0.005). Our findings would support the hypothesis of a deficiency in cellular immunity in patients with malignancies, which could favour the progression of the disease. PMID- 6971666 TI - Humoral helper activity for B-cell differentiation released from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells having both SRBC and complement receptors in the pokeweed mitogen system. AB - The majority of lymphoid cells from a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leukemic transformation were demonstrated to carry receptors for both sheep erythrocytes and complements by the combined rosette assay using neuraminidase treated sheep erythrocytes and complement-coated zymosan beads. Most of them were considered morphologically lymphoblasts and were positive for acid phosphatase staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity was not detected in these cells. Lymphoid cells from this patient did not respond to the stimulation with phytohemagglutinin-P, concanavalin-A, and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). When these cells were cultured with PWM for 7 days, no plasma cell was generated. Although only a few plasma cells were generated in the PWM-stimulated culture of normal purified B cells alone, the addition of the patient's cells to purified normal B cells resulted in a markedly enhanced generation of plasma cells in response to PWM, as was the case with normal T cells. But leukemic cells either from a patient with T-cell leukemia not having complement receptors or from a patient with null-cell leukemia showed no enhancing ability in B-cell differentiation. In addition, the culture supernates of the patient's cells obtained after 24-hr PWM stimulation had an ability to promote B-cell differentiation comparable in activity to those from the PWM-stimulated normal T cells. PMID- 6971664 TI - Regulation of myelopoiesis in vitro: partial replacement of colony-stimulating factors by tumor-promoting phorbol esters. PMID- 6971669 TI - Electron and light microscopic studies of the lungs of chloramine-T treated dogs. PMID- 6971670 TI - The tight-skin mouse: an animal model of inherited emphysema. PMID- 6971671 TI - Characterization of a bronchial inhibitor in the sputum of chronic bronchitics. PMID- 6971672 TI - Genetic variants of the Pi system in Normans: comparison with some European populations. PMID- 6971673 TI - Respiratory functional disturbances in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficits. PMID- 6971674 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes and pi m subtypes in Italy. PMID- 6971675 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin serum concentration and respiratory symptoms in 1294 healthy men. PMID- 6971667 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte production via thymic factors. PMID- 6971676 TI - A survey of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency by the British Thoracic Association. PMID- 6971677 TI - Inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and bronchial mucous proteinase inhibitor by cigarette smoke in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6971678 TI - Oxidation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor as a major, contributing factor in the development of pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 6971680 TI - Opportunities for the specific therapy of destructive lung disease. PMID- 6971681 TI - Emphysema: past, present and future. PMID- 6971679 TI - Genetic factors in chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 6971682 TI - [Exploration of the sensory threshold in moderate myopia]. PMID- 6971683 TI - [Traumatic luxation of the crystallin lens and vitrectomy]. PMID- 6971684 TI - [Goldman-Favre hyaloid-tapeto-retinal degeneration]. PMID- 6971685 TI - [Tritan type congenital anomalies and acquired color vision defects. Results of a genetic survey in an isolated group, the Kel Kummer]. PMID- 6971686 TI - Pancreatic fistula complicating pancreatectomy for malignant disease. AB - The incidence of pancreatic fistula in a series of 178 pancreatic resections was 25 per cent and was influenced by the type of pancreatectomy, the management of the remaining pancreas and the size of the pancreatic duct. Thus, fistulas appeared in 52 per cent of patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy as compared to only 7 per cent of those undergoing distal pancreatectomy (P less than 0.001). Ligation of the pancreatic, duct in pancreatoduodenectomy led to a 70 per cent incidence; the incidence was 33 per cent if the pancreas was anastomosed to the jejunum instead (P less than 0.001). Fistulas were rare in patients who had dilated pancreatic ducts. Fistulas, once they were established, were rarely influenced by treatment. One out of 5 patients developing pancreatic fistula died, while fistulas were responsible for half of the operative deaths. The study indicated that pancreatojejunostomy is safe in the presence of ductal dilatation; it does not, however, protect from fistula if the pancreatic duct is normal. It also indicated that radiation of the pancreatic remnant in selected patients with persistent fistulas might be a useful therapeutic alternative. PMID- 6971687 TI - The importance of pain, pruritus and soiling as symptoms of haemorrhoids and their response to haemorrhoidectomy or rubber band ligation. AB - Bowel habit, anal pain or discomfort, pruritus ani and faecal soiling have been assessed in 82 patients with uncomplicated, prolapsing haemorrhoids before and after successful treatment (improvement in rectal bleeding and haemorrhoidal prolapse) by haemorrhoidectomy or rubber band ligation. An age and sex-matched control group of patients without haemorrhoids was similarly assessed. The bowel habit of the haemorrhoid group was not different from that of the control population. Pain or discomfort, pruritus and faecal soiling were much commoner in the pretreatment haemorrhoid group, compared to controls. Treatments designed to abolish rectal bleeding and prolapse (the cardinal symptoms of haemorrhoids) also reduced the incidence of these three symptoms. Only anal pain or discomfort, however, was reduced to the incidence found in the control group. Haemorrhoidectomy and rubber band ligation appeared equally effective in controlling all three symptoms. It is concluded that anal pain or discomfort, pruritus ani and faecal soiling are common symptoms of uncomplicated haemorrhoids and that they are abolished in the majority of patients by successful treatment for rectal bleeding and haemorrhoidal prolapse. PMID- 6971688 TI - An anatomical and physiological study of regeneration of the eighth nerve in the leopard frog. AB - The ability of auditory fibers in the anuran's VIIIth nerve to regenerate back into the central nervous system after their axons have been served was studied electrophysiologically and anatomically. Single unit recordings in the regenerated portion of the nerve indicate that: (1) fibers from both the amphibian and basilar papillae regenerate; (2) tuning curves of regenerated fibers, as in normal fibers, are 'V' shaped and retain their sharp frequency selectivity; (3) latency and threshold measurements of regenerated fibers are similar to values obtained in intact nerves. Filling the posterior branch of the regenerated VIIIth nerve with horseradish peroxidase indicates that fibers in this branch remain together within the nerve during regeneration and succeed in terminating in their correct target nuclei and no others. PMID- 6971690 TI - Spectral opponency of on-type ganglion cells and the blue preference of Rana pipiens. AB - Spectrally opponent processes of ON-type retinal ganglion cells and the blue preference behavior were identified by parallel physiological and behavioral experiments in Rana pipiens. Spectral opponency of retinal ON-units was measured by recording from optic nerve terminals in the anterior thalamus, while the retina was stimulated by combinations of monochromatic stimuli. Spectral opponency of the blue preference was determined in a Y-maze, using similar combinations of monochromatic stimuli. The opponent processes of the ON-units and blue preference are similar in the spectral ranges of excitatory and inhibitory effects. In both cases the spectral opponency can be described as short wavelength excitation and long wavelength inhibition. The data suggest that the short wavelength excitation is based, at least in part, on the green rod (P432) channel, while the long wavelength inhibition is caused, at least in part, by stimulation of the principal and/or single cone (P580) channel. A model is presented to show how receptor interactions may encode this spectrally opponent process. The results support the hypothesis that the blue preference is dependent on information supplied to the anterior thalamus by ON-type retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 6971689 TI - Reward and detection thresholds for brain stimulation: dissociative effects of cocaine. AB - The effects of cocaine on both rewarding and detection thresholds for intracranial stimulation to the same brain sites in the same animals were determined. The drug caused a dissociation in effects on the two types of brain stimulation. Detection threshold was elevated at doses of cocaine that lowered the reward threshold. PMID- 6971691 TI - The spaces between membrane bilayers within PNS myelin as characterized by X-ray diffraction. AB - X-ray diffraction data from a wide range of animals characterize the two spaces in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) myelins. The 'extracellular space' is nearly constant from species to species while the 'cytoplasmic space' is more variable. A profile of swollen rat sciatic myelin shows material projecting from the bilayer into the extracellular space. Interdigitating Po molecules therefore are proposed to separate neighboring myelin bilayers across the extracellular space in PNS. PMID- 6971692 TI - Nickel induction of Rosenthal fibers in rat brain. AB - Nickel wire implants into the central nervous system of Lewis rats induces the formation of structures morphologically similar to Rosenthal fibers. The nickel induced lesions are similar to those seen in Alexander's disease and other human conditions in which Rosenthal fibers are found. This is the first report on the induction of Rosenthal fibers in animals. It might be used to design animal models to study Rosenthal fiber formation and possibly Alexander's disease. PMID- 6971693 TI - 4-Aminopyridine does not increase m.e.p.p. frequencies at junctions depolarized by potassium. AB - 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) is known to produce large increases in quantal acetylcholine release from stimulated motor nerve terminals. It has been suggested that the drug might act directly on Ca2+ channels to increase Ca2+ influx. This possibility was tested at frog neuromuscular junctions depolarized in elevated [K+]out. The 4-AP did not increase miniature end-plate potential frequencies. Also, 4-AP did not alter the increase in frequency that follows a rise in [Ca2+]out at a depolarized junction. Therefore, under these conditions, 4 AP does not appear to change Ca2+ entry into or elimination from the nerve terminal. The results support the hypothesis that 4-AP acts by lengthening the nerve terminal action potential. PMID- 6971695 TI - Integral multiple interspike intervals of spontaneous activity in isolated medulla oblongata of frog. AB - Periodic spontaneous activity of units was observed in the isolated medulla oblongata of a frog. The dynamic patterns of periodic activity of the neurons could be classified into 3 classes. In neurons belonging to the class of shortest periodicity, the interspike intervals were shown as integral multiples of those in each spike sequence. This observation suggests that the unit modules are organized in the medulla oblongata. PMID- 6971694 TI - 5-hydroxytryptamine controls ACh-receptor sensitivity of bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells. AB - Experimental evidences showing that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is directly interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors and thereby depresses the sensitivity of these receptors to ACh, are presented by making use of bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells and frog skeletal muscle endplates. It was suggested that 5-HT might decrease the affinity of ACh to nicotinic receptor sites, since the mode of 5-HT action was comparable to that of D-tubocurarine action. PMID- 6971696 TI - Hypothalamic neurons responsive to increased plasma level of testosterone in the male rat. AB - Unitary activity was recorded from several forebrain structures. Out of 108 cells, 35 reacted to a testosterone i.v. injection by an increase (24 cells) or a decrease (11 cells) of firing rate. This response was early (latency: 5.0 +/- 0.6 min), lasted 25.7 +/- 1.9 min and was reproducible. Responsive neurons were found to be significantly more numerous in the lateral hypothalamic area than in other structures. PMID- 6971697 TI - [The pre-operative visit in cardiovascular surgery]. AB - This text is intended for new residents in the development of anaesthesia of the Montreal Heart Institute. It presents a classification of the risk of cardiovascular surgery used in that institution and discusses current problems encountered with this type of patient (pulmonary and coagulation problems, diabetes renal failure). The attitudes of anaesthetists of this institution towards patients' medication and premedication are also discussed. The risk is classified as usual, increased or high, depending on the presence (or absence) of several factors known to increase the risk: ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, unstable angina or recent infarction, significant involvement of other systems (unstable diabetes, renal insufficiency, significant pulmonary dysfunction), age, emergency surgery and non-cardiac surgery in the presence of important cardiac pathology. With surgical procedures carrying a high mortality, for example dissecting thoracic aneurysm, the usual risk is high and is classified as such. A table of the usual risk of current surgical procedures is proposed. PMID- 6971698 TI - A staging system for histiocytosis X: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - Patients with generalized histiocytosis X may be divided into three prognostic groups based on age at the time of diagnosis and presence or absence of organ dysfunction. These variables are independent. Favorable response to initial chemotherapy was shown to be associated with improved survival and overall disease control. PMID- 6971699 TI - Cis-platinum vestibular toxicity. AB - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum has been proven to be an effective neoplastic agent. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are two prominent side effects of this drug. Investigation of ototoxicity has been limited to auditory function. This report details the first known case of vestibular toxicity following platinum therapy. In addition, a prospective vestibular testing program is reported. PMID- 6971700 TI - Methotrexate: an active drug in bladder cancer. AB - Forty-nine patients with transitional urothelial tract tumors received methotrexate: 0.5-1.0 mg/kg I.V. Q W (40 patients) or 250 mg/M2 in a 2-hour infusion with citrovorum factor rescue 24 hours later (nine patients). Eleven (26%, 95% confidence limits 13-39%) of 42 patients with bidimensionally measurable metastases achieved partial remission. Most responses occurred within 2-3 weeks and persisted for a median duration of six months (range, 2-20). Response rates were increased to 38% (6/16 patients, 95% confidence limits 18 65%) in patients who had no prior chemotherapy, and a 90-100% performance status (50, 5/10 patients, 95% confidence limits 22-78%) compared with 19% (5/26, 95% confidence limits 8-37%) in patients who had prior chemotherapy and a less than or equal to 80% performance status (19%, 6/32 cases, 95% confidence limits 9 32%). Toxicity included mucositis and myelosuppression. A review of the literature coupled with the present data suggest that methotrexate is as active as cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced urinary bladder cancer. PMID- 6971703 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia in Japan: an ultrastructural study. AB - An electron microscopic study of adult T-cell leukemia, which might be a new distinct disease entity of T-cell malignancies, is presented. The most characteristic feature of adult T-cell leukemia was an extremely irregular nucleus with condensed heterochromatin in the nuclear periphery, the greater part of which was very similar to the small-cell variant form of Sezary syndrome, although some nuclei were similar to normal-appearing lymphocytes or atypical lymphoid cells with slightly indented nuclei or Sezary cells. Nuclear pockets containing tubuloreticular structures and filamentous structures etc., were also characteristic. Regarding the cytoplasmic features, the appearance of clustered dense bodies seemed to be a distinguishing feature of adult T-cell leukemia. Tubuloreticular structures were also observed in some cases. The nature of the test tube-shaped or ring-shaped forms in rough endoplasmic reticulum, which appeared in one case, is not clear. PMID- 6971702 TI - Normal computed tomograms of the brain in osteosarcoma patients treated with high dose methotrexate. AB - Eighteen patients with osteosarcoma, most of whom were adolescents, were examined for abnormalities of the brain by use of computed axial tomography. These studies were performed at 15-60 months (median 47 months) after the completion of adjuvant chemotherapy, which included high-dose methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and Adriamycin. No abnormalities were found. The results of this study, together with the absence of brain lesions in published reports in children receiving high dose methotrexate but no cranial irradiation, indicate that delayed neurotoxicity is not a major complication of this form of therapy in older children. PMID- 6971701 TI - Alkaline phosphatase positive lymphomas: a morphologic, immunologic, and enzymehistochemical study. AB - Among 87 cases of different non-Hodgkin lymphomas studied with morphologic, enzymehistochemical, and immunologic techniques, ten were found with a positive alkaline phosphatase staining reaction of the cell membranes. The ages of the seven adult patients included in this report varied between 48-85 years. Studies of cell suspensions or cryostat sections demonstrated the presence of monoclonal membrane immunoglobulins indicating a B-cell origin of these lymphomas. Investigation of peripheral blood of six patients revealed the presence of a corresponding monoclonal lymphocyte population in four. According to Rappaport's classification, lymphoblastic, poorly differentiated, and well-differentiated lymphocytic as well as histiocytic lymphoma were encountered. According to the "Kiel" classification, most lymphomas were classified in the group of follicle center cell tumors. The clinical course of the patients was variable. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas with alkaline phosphatase positive staining do not constitute a separate entity. PMID- 6971704 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activities in leukemic cells. AB - Glucocorticoid (GC) receptor and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activities were studied in leukemia cells to investigate their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Among cell lines with T-cell character, higher GC receptor and TdT activities were found in T-ALL (HPB-ALL and ALL-Ichikawa) than in cells from adult pleomorphic T-cell leukemia (HPB-MLT). HPB-Null with pre-B cell-character exhibited moderate GC receptor but low TdT activity; Raji cells and CCRF-SB, derived from B-cell Burkitt lymphoma and B-ALL, respectively, manifested low GC receptor and no TdT activity. The highest GC receptor activity was demonstrated in null-cell ALL, followed, in order, by juvenile T-ALL, adult pleomorphic T-cell leukemia, and AML. Other kinds of lymphoid and monocytic leukemias exhibited low GC receptor and no TdT activity. Although low GC receptor and negative TdT were demonstrated in cells from seven out of nine patients under CML blastic crisis, the last patient had cells with positive TdT and GC receptor activity. PMID- 6971706 TI - Malignant, predominantly lymphocytic thymoma with central and peripheral nervous system metastases. AB - Histologic features of an invasive mediastinal tumor found in a 25-year-old woman fulfilled the accepted criteria for diagnosis of predominantly lymphocytic thymoma. Histochemical and cell marker studies indicated that the neoplasm contained a preponderance of T lymphocytes. After surgical debulking of the mass, aggressive radiotherapy and chemotherapy eradicated all evidence of thoracic disease. However, six months after the initial diagnosis, rapid development of cranial nerve and brainstem metastases--without detectable recurrent disease elsewhere--resulted in the patient's death. Autopsy examination revealed the presence of peripheral nerve metastases as well. A review of the literature disclosed fewer than 10 cases of central nervous system metastasis from thymoma. In only two of these were there clinicopathologic features similar to those seen in this case. PMID- 6971705 TI - Nephrotic syndrome associated with T-cell lymphoma. AB - Glomerulopathies associated with non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas have been observed rarely. Previous reports have never determined the cell type of the lymphoproliferative disorder. This report documents a case of nephrotic syndrome in a patient with T-cell derived non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The neoplastic cell was studied in terms of cell-surface markers, cytochemical staining, and ultrastructural morphology. Nephrotic syndrome occurred shortly after the apparent onset of the lymphoma. The kidney biopsy specimen was examined by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Histologic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of mild focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Such an association, reported here for the first time, may support the hypothesis of a pathogenetic link between acquired T-cell abnormalities and glomerular diseases with minimal histologic injury. PMID- 6971708 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) enzyme in thymus and bone marrow. I. Age-associated decline of TdT in humans and mice. PMID- 6971707 TI - The induction of antichromatin antibodies with specificity for nuclear antigens of transformed human lymphocytes. AB - An antibody was produced in rabbits using human dehistonized chromatin from T lymphocytes in continuous cell culture (Jm) as immunogen. The antibody was characterized by a micro-complement fixation (CF) method against chromatin from Jm cells as well as other sources. The antibody reacted only with chromatin of transformed lymphocytes, obtained either in vitro from tissue culture, or in vivo specifically from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This antibody did not react with chromatin of normal human or non-human lymphocytes, or with chromatin of two other related non-lymphoid human tumor types, namely chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and HeLa cells in continuous culture. The data suggest that there are common antigens specific to the nucleus of transformed human lymphocytes which may be related to the maintenance and/or development of this particular state of differentiation. PMID- 6971709 TI - Suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen cells by thymocytes. PMID- 6971710 TI - Clonal agar culture of normal primary explanted bovine granulosa cells. AB - When seeded at low cell densities (500 to 2500 cells per dish), normal primary explanted bovine granulosa cells grow in a double layer semi-solid agar culture system as anchorage-independent clones composed of well differentiated cells with vacuolated granular cytoplasm with a cloning efficiency of between 2% and 4%. The addition of growth promoting factors to the culture medium such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (PGF) or rat erythrocyte suspensions resulted in a 5 to 6-fold increase in colony numbers and this was accompanied by an increase in colony size. Cells from both small (3--7 mm diameter) and large (less than 1 cm diameter) ovarian follicles exhibited similar patterns of responsiveness to growth factors but the cloning efficiency of cells from large follicles was approximately double that of cells from small follicles. PMID- 6971711 TI - [A case of leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine]. AB - This paper concerns a case of leiomyosarcoma of the first jejunal loop both bleeding and perforated. Authors do outline the rarity of this associated complication and hence how correct diagnosis of the disease is difficult. According to their experience, the relative early onset of complications allows a surgical approach on the malignancy in an early stage. PMID- 6971714 TI - Prevention of portal hypertension and small bowel hemorrhage in dogs treated with verapamil during hemorrhagic shock. AB - Dogs subjected to hemorrhagic"shock" followed by infusion of shed blood develop portal hypertension and small bowel mucosal hemorrhage. Administration of verapamil during shock prevents both of these sequelae and prolongs survival. It is suggested that portal hypertension may exacerbate the mucosal hemorrhage and contribute to the earlier onset irreversibility. PMID- 6971713 TI - [Emergency surgical treatment of hemorrhages and perforations of colonic diverticula]. PMID- 6971712 TI - [Emergency surgical treatment in complications of Crohn disease]. AB - The Authors refer to four cases of complications in patients suffering from Crohn's disease. Three patients were already subjected to surgery for the same illness. The Authors value the opportunity of an urgency surgery on the complications of this disease. PMID- 6971715 TI - In vivo quantitation of regional myocardial blood flow by positron-emission computed tomography. PMID- 6971716 TI - Effect of bypass surgery on survival in patients in low- and high-risk subgroups delineated by the use of simple clinical variables. AB - A multivariate risk function was developed on data from all 508 medical patients in the Veterans Administration (VA) randomized study of coronary bypass surgery. The variables, in order of importance, were ST-segment depression on resting ECG, history of myocardial infarction, history of hypertension and New York Heart Association functional classification III or IV. These noninvasive variables have been reported to be risk factors in natural-history studies of coronary heart disease (CHD). Applying the risk function to medical and surgical patients of the 1972-1974 cohort yielded a 5-year probability of dying for each patient. Investigation of treatment effects in approximate terciles obtained by collapsing the probability distribution into low-, middle- and high-risk groups showed that surgery was beneficial for patients in the high-risk tercile even after removal of patients with left main coronary artery disease (17% surgical vs 34% medical mortality at 5 years; p less than 0.01). This finding was accentuated when patients in the 10 hospitals with the lowest operative mortality (3.3%) were compared. Mortality results in the low-risk tercile favored medical treatment (medical vs surgical mortality 7% vs 17%; p less than 0.05). The risk function predicted mortality well not only for te VA medical group, but also for an independent symptomatic CHD population from the University of Alabama arteriography registry. This report further delineates the advantages and limitations of coronary bypass surgery in CHD patients with chronic stable angina. PMID- 6971717 TI - The origin of creatine kanase BB occurring in serum during aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - The serum concentration of creatine kinase (CK)-BB during and after coronary bypass surgery was measured by a sensitive and highly specific radioimmunoassay technique. All patients showed a distinct and temporary increase in CK-BB concentration shortly after the start of operation. Our results indicate that this increase has no connection with damage of the heart or the brain. Most probably the BB isoenzyme is liberated mainly from the saphenous vein as a consequence of the surgical manipulations during the heart operation. PMID- 6971718 TI - Polyclonal B-cell activation of autoantibodies (CBA/N x NZB)F1 mice by polyinosinic polycytidylic acid. PMID- 6971720 TI - Naturally occurring autoantibodies in aged Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. PMID- 6971719 TI - Dynamics of human circulating antigen reactive cells following secondary immunization with tetanus toxoid. PMID- 6971721 TI - Depressed phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A responses in premature infants. PMID- 6971723 TI - Congenital coagulation disorders in northern Alberta and surrounding areas of Canada. PMID- 6971722 TI - The effects of azathioprine and prednisolone on T- and B-lymphocytes in patients with lupus nephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis. AB - The effects of long-term treatment with azathioprine and prednisolone on T- and B lymphocytes were studied in 52 patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and chronic glomerulonephritis (GN). The effect of azathioprine on lymphocyte populations was dose dependent; high doses decreased the number of T- and particularly, B-cells, while smaller doses produced a selective depletion of B-cells. The changes in T- and B-cells during prednisolone treatment were variable with alternating increases and decreases in their numbers. The patients with increased B lymphocyte levels showed the best response to immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 6971724 TI - Functional outcome of GUEPAR hinge knee arthroplasty evaluated with ARAMIS. AB - Forty-nine patients with 66 GUEPAR offset knee hinge replacements followed for one to 5 1/2 years were evaluated using the American Rheumatism Association Medical Information System (ARAMIS). The series included 37 female and 12 male patients whose average age was 69 years. Postoperative pain in 92% of patients decreased by an average of three grades. Maximum walking ability improved in 43% and worsened in 14%. Fewer walking aids were used by 51% of patients, whereas 18% needed increased support. Stair-climbing ability improved in 42% and worsened in 10%. Thirty-six additional functions were evaluated. Standing, housework and shopping abilities improved significantly. Range of motion improved from 87 degrees to 103 degrees and flexion contractures decreased by 11%. Varus and valgus abnormalities were almost uniformly corrected. Complications included a 23% rate of patella dislocation or subluxation. Extensor lag occurred in 26% of patients postoperatively, averaging 11 degrees. Deep infection occurred in six knees (9.1%); five were successfully treated for infection and the sixth was successfully treated by arthrodesis. Silastic bumpers broke in all cases and were associated in some instances with significant pain and effusion. Probable loosening has occurred in only one component. PMID- 6971725 TI - Tumor detection with 1-aminocyclopentane and 1-aminocyclobutane C-11-carboxylic acid using positron emission computerized tomography. AB - Eight patients with proven or suspected neoplastic lesions were examined with 1 aminocyclobutane C-11-carboxylic acid and 1-aminocyclopentane C-11-carboxylic acid using positron emission computed tomography. The results of this comparative study have shown that both of these unnatural amino acids have a high affinity for malignant tumors. The potential of nonmetabolizable C-11-labeled amino acids as noninvasive indicators of metabolic tumor activity is demonstrated and discussed. PMID- 6971726 TI - Ga-67 imaging in eosinophilic granuloma. PMID- 6971727 TI - Coronary artery bypass at the hospital of St. Raphael: early and late results of the cardiothoracic group of New Haven. PMID- 6971728 TI - Surgical problems in patients on ventilators. AB - Patients on ventilators for respiratory failure due to pulmonary disease may develop three major complications requiring general surgical evaluation: gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, paralytic ileus, and mesenteric vascular insufficiency. GI bleeding from acute hemorrhagic gastritis (stress ulceration) can be avoided by aggressive medical therapy consisting of volume replacement, antacids, nutrition, and treatment of the precipitating causes. When conservative therapy fails, surgery will be needed to control bleeding. Intestinal ileus is of uncertain etiology. Initially, it is treated conservatively. Rarely, when the patient develops peritoneal irritation or a cecal diameter of greater tha 9 cm, surgery is indicated. Mesenteric vascular insufficiency of the nonocclusive type occurs in elderly individuals with heart disease, who develop a low cardiac output syndrome. Therapy must consist of avoiding a low flow state with proper fluid management, cardiorespiratory care, and drug therapy. Surgical intervention is indicated when physical examination and laboratory data point to a loss of intestinal viability. PMID- 6971730 TI - T lymphocyte assessment in vivo. PMID- 6971729 TI - Further studies on glucametacin in rheumatoid arthritis and in other chronic types of rheumatism. AB - Twenty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 9 patients with other forms of rheumatic diseases were treated for 20 days with 420 mg glucametacin per day, given as three 140 mg capsules. The treatment produced anti-inflammatory effects which were rated as good in about half the cases, with improvement of the majority of the clinical parameters studied. There were mild digestive side effects. One patient with gallstones developed biliary colic, but the relationship of this to glucametacin treatment was not clear. The results obtained in the 32 patients treated with 140 mg glucametacin capsules were very similar to those which the same authors had observed in a very extensive case series of patients with rheumatic diseases treated with the same daily dose, but given as 70 mg capsules. It is suggested that the new preparation, which halves the number of capsules taken each day, is to be preferred to the smaller dose capsules. PMID- 6971731 TI - Degenerative changes in the frog neuromuscular junction after long durations of denervation. PMID- 6971732 TI - The re-formation of the neuromuscular junction in frog after short and long durations of denervation. PMID- 6971733 TI - [Contribution to the clinical picture of histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6971734 TI - Risks of coronary arteriography and bypass surgery in patients with left main coronary artery stenosis. AB - The risk of coronary arteriography is considerably increased in patients who have left main coronary artery stenosis (LMCAS). Among 1,060 patients undergoing coronary arteriography over a three-year period, 83 were found to have LMCAS and three of these patients died (3.6 percent) during or shortly after the arteriographic procedure. Bypass surgery, however, can now be carried out at a very low risk irrespective of the degree of coronary disease present--there was no hospital mortality in 74 patients with LMCAS undergoing bypass surgery at our institution during this period. In addition to careful attention to detail, techniques that can minimize the risk of both of these procedures in patients with LMCAS include invasive hemodynamic monitoring and various pharmacologic manipulations to prevent myocardial ischemia. In a small percentage of patients, rest angina may prove refractory to inhospital medical treatment, and intraaortic balloon pumping may be necessary to stabilize the conditions of these patients before proceeding with arteriography and myocardial revascularization. PMID- 6971735 TI - Results of gastric neutralization with hourly antacids and cimetidine in 320 intubated patients with respiratory failure. AB - In a retrospective analysis massive upper gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage, defined as blood loss requiring more than two units of blood transfusion over a 24-hour period, occurred in 40 (9.5 percent) of 420 intubated, mechanically ventilated patients with respiratory failure, irrespective of the etiology of the respiratory failure. In a prospective study hourly antacid gastric neutralization, maintaining the gastric pH over 5, the incidence of massive gastric bleeding was reduced to 3 (1.4 percent) of 210 patients. In 110 additional patients, cimetidine, a histamine H2 receptor blocker, was used to prevent gastric acid secretion; 3 (2.7 percent) of 110 patients had massive upper GI bleeding; all three had solitary chronic pyloric ulcers. We conclude that gastric neutralization, either with hourly antacids or with cimetidine, is effective in reducing the incidence of massive gastric hemorrhage in intubated, mechanically ventilated patients during respiratory failure. We recommend the use of either in all intubated patients with respiratory failure. In addition, in 17 patients who had gastric bleeding at the time of transfer to the respiratory intensive care unit, gastric neutralization with hourly antacids in 14 patients and with cimetidine in three patients stopped the bleeding in all 17 patients within 24 to 48 hours. PMID- 6971736 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilation of aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts. AB - To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as a possible alternative to repeated open heart surgery for symptomatic aortocoronary saphenous vein graft stenoses, the procedure was initiated at Shadyside Hospital in January 1978. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has been used in nine aortocoronary graft stenoses and 11 native coronary artery stenoses. Of the nine grafts, eight (88 percent) were successfully dilated, including three that had been totally closed as visualized by angiography. Of the 11 coronary dilations, only four (36 percent) resulted in improved flow. The more favorable results experienced with the graft dilations was thought to be due to the nature of the occlusive processes affecting these grafts. The fibrous intimal proliferative disease that is found in most grafts is easily compressible, while the nature of the disease in the coronary arteries is not so readily predictable. Better instrumentation and careful evaluation before and after angioplasty will improve the results and extend the indications for coronary artery and saphenous vein graft transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6971737 TI - False aneurysm of the ascending aorta presenting as an acute myocardial infarction: a late complication of aortocoronary bypass. AB - After coronary bypass surgery, a 40-year-old man developed disruption of the site of cannulation of the ascending aorta. The false aneurysm which ensued presented as recurrent episodes of spontaneous angina and myocardial infarction ending in coronary death 48 days after surgery. the aortic origin of all three permeable coronary bypasses were strangulated by the hematoma. Awareness of this unusual potential hazard is essential, since an early suspicion would lead to proper diagnostic interventions and reoperation. PMID- 6971739 TI - Systemic lupus-like syndrome induced by methyldopa therapy. AB - Pleural pericarditis, fever, and a positive reaction for antinuclear antibody developed in a 50-year-old white woman while she was receiving methyldopa (500 mg daily). After withdrawal of the drug, there was complete resolution of the clinical signs and symptoms, as well as normalization of the patient's antinuclear antibody titer. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a clinical lupus-like syndrome induced by therapy with methyldopa. PMID- 6971738 TI - Prevention of pulmonary emboli in a respiratory intensive care unit: efficacy of low-dose heparin. AB - Ninety-eight patients admitted to our respiratory intensive care unit during a one-year period were compared retrospectively with 99 well-matched patients admitted during a second one-year period. The use of prophylactic low-dose heparin in the second year was associated with a significant decrease in pulmonary emboli documented by ventilation-perfusion scan, pulmonary angiography, and autopsy. No specific bleeding complications could be directly attributed to the use of low-dose heparin. The frequency and severity of gastrointestinal hemorrhage as determined by hemoglobin fall and transfusion requirements were not significantly affected by the prophylactic use of low-dose heparin. Low-dose heparin appears to be effective and safe in respiratory intensive care unit patients in the prevention of pulmonary emboli. PMID- 6971740 TI - [A case report of variant form of multiple myeloma]. AB - Multiple myeloma is usually manifested with multiple destructive bone lesion, plasmacytosis and monoclonal protein. Here in we report a case of IgA (lambda) multiple myeloma with hepatomegaly and anemia but without bone lesions. Differential diagnostic points among lymphoma, amyloidosis, cancer and heavy chain disease are discussed. PMID- 6971742 TI - [Gastrointestinal bleeding complicating burn injuries and its prevention (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971741 TI - [Prevention of postoperative Candida endomycoses. Candida colonization and Candida antibodies in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery]. AB - Of 23 patients undergoing heart surgery and 11 patients undergoing vessel surgery 26 (76%) are colonized with Candida albicans on admission to hospital. Postoperatively the yeast quantity in the mucocutaneous flora remains nearly constant in both groups. However, during the 2nd-3rd week after operation 21 heart surgery patients and 3 vessel surgery patients developed a significant rise in Candida antibodies in the Ig-classes G, M and/or A. Eight weeks after surgery the IgM-antibodies once again reached preoperative values in 14 of 16 patients; the IgG- and IgA-antibodies, however, tend to be of longer persistent. The antibody response is most probably due to Candida invasion via tracheal traumatization by prolonged intubation. Persistent elevation of IgM-antibodies indicates preventive antifungal therapy. PMID- 6971744 TI - Detection of T and B cell populations in some lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - In patients with plasmocytoma, leukemic lymphoma, hairy-cell leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia the state of T and B lymphocyte population was determined by rosette tests for the demonstration of receptors for Fc fragment of immunoglobulins as well as receptors for the third component of the complement, and by immunofluorescence demonstration of membrane immunoglobulins. The results confirm that for reliable determination of pathologic proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the above diseases not only membrane immunoglobulin should be detected but also rosette tests are necessary. PMID- 6971745 TI - Influence of antithymocytic serum on the regenerating activity of the liver after partial hepatectomy in mice. AB - In experiments on mice the effect of rabbit-anti-mouse antithymocytic serum on the growth of the liver and on the onset of proliferating activity of the liver after partial hepatectomy was studied to elucidate the question of assumed participation of the lymphoid system in the proliferation of hepatic tissue. Administration of three doses of antithymocytic serum (0.1 ml/10 g) by the i.p. route in 24 hour intervals led to a marked increase of the weight of the spleen and increase of DNA synthesis in liver of non-operated mice. Administration of serum 24 hours before partial hepatectomy (PHE) concomitantly with PHE and 24 hours after PHE did not influence substantially the rate of DNA synthesis in the regenerating liver 34 and 48 hours after PHE and did not influence the mitotic index of hepatocytes. In the livers of mice to whom antithymocytic serum was administered proliferation of cells of the lymphocyte series and phagocyte activation occurred. These cells were located in the hepatic sinuses and periportal areas. Antithymocytic serum--contrary to chemical immunosuppressive substances--does not exert an inhibitory action on regeneration of hepatic tissue; alone does not even cause inhibition of the lymphoid system which could exert a negative effect on regeneration of the liver. PMID- 6971746 TI - The morbidity of children with decreased serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin in an air pollution area. AB - In a group of 115 children, originating from an area with industrial air pollution, a subgroups of 13 (11.3%) children was found with markedly decreased levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A 1-AT). Most children of the concerned subgroups were girls (10/64 - 18.5%), and only 3/61 (4.9%) were boys. In comparison with another group of 120 children, originating from an unpolluted area, only 2 (1.7%) of children showed decreased levels of A 1-AT. Significantly decreased serum levels of IgM and Lysozyme were simultaneously found in the hypo A 1-AT children, whereas IgG, IgA and total blood proteinemia did not differ from the controls. Increased morbidity, especially for respiratory diseases, was found in the group with the A 1-AT decreased below the level of 1.5 mg/ml, in comparison with the children of the same area without a decrease of A 1-AT. The lowest morbidity was stated in the control from non-polluted area. The decreased A 1-AT levels were restored to the normal values after half a year in most of the afflicted children, with the exception of two girls. Hypothesis is suggested that markedly decreased A 1-AT values could be caused by environmental influences. This acquired deficiency is reversible in contrast with the well known genetical deficiency. PMID- 6971747 TI - Diffuse juvenile polyposis of the colon: a premalignant condition? AB - Juvenile polyps are a common cause of rectal bleeding in the pediatric age group. These polyps are usually solitary, but occasionally polyposis can be identified by barium-enema or colonoscopy examinations. The benign nature of a single polyp or even scattered polyposis in childhood has been supported by several authors. A case of diffuse juvenile polyposis of the colon with associated adenomatous polyps of the colon in a 17-year-old who presented with iron deficiency anemia and rectal prolapse is discussed. This combination of diffuse juvenile polyposis and adenomatous polyps is an uncommon entity which is left to represent a premalignant lesion that warrants appropriate therapy. A review of the literature concerning the cause, diagnosis, and treatment of juvenile polyps is also discussed. PMID- 6971743 TI - [Treatment of acute pulmonary abscess with antipyretic and antidotal methods: a report of 32 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971750 TI - [Blast transformation of splenic lymphocytes in bursectomized chickens]. PMID- 6971748 TI - [Mechanism of the synthesis of the aldehyde factor in luminescent bacteria]. PMID- 6971749 TI - The sulfonamides. PMID- 6971751 TI - Estrogen-stimulated uptake of alpha 1-protease inhibitor and other plasma proteins by the mouse uterus. AB - Administration of a single low dose of estradiol to the immature female mouse resulted in a rapid increase in uterine trypsin inhibitory capacity. The increase was apparent within 1 h, reached a maximum in 3--4 h, and returned to base line after 18 h. No corresponding increases were observed in liver or heart. The properties of the uterine inhibitor were found to be essentially the same as those of plasma alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI). When 125I-labeled mouse plasma alpha 1-PI was given iv to immature mice the administration of estradiol caused a specific stimulation of uterine uptake of the labeled protein that closely matched the estrogen-stimulated increase in uterine trypsin inhibitory capacity. Half-maximal stimulation of uptake occurred at a dose of 0.15 microgram estradiol/animal. After 3 h 97% of the labeled alpha 1-PI taken up by the uterus was in the soluble (105,000 x g) fraction of which 50% was in the lumen. Estradiol also stimulated the uptake of soybean trypsin inhibitor, bovine serum albumin, porcine fibrinogen, and human alpha 2-macroglobulin. Under conditions where puromycin blocked the synthesis of an estrogen-stimulated uterine-specific hydrolase, puromycin had no effect on the estrogen-stimulated uptake of either mouse alpha 1-PI or mouse albumin. These results suggest that the estrogen stimulated uptake of plasma proteins by the uterus does not require new protein synthesis. PMID- 6971752 TI - Intestinal telangiectasis in Turner's syndrome. AB - A 37-year old female with Turner's syndrome, iron deficiency anemia and intermittent gastrointestinal hemorrhage is described. Gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies, revealed telangiectasia in the duodenal bulb, the cecum and the ascending colon. Endoscopy should be performed in patients with Turner's syndrome and anemia even if there are not signs of active gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6971753 TI - Cytolytic activity of pulmonary and systemic lymphoid cells from C57BL/6 mice following intrapulmonary or intraperitoneal immunization with allogeneic tumor cells. AB - In order to demonstrate whether specific cytotoxic T cells could be induced in lung parenchyma, C57BL/6 mice were immunized by the intrapulmonary route with allogenetic tumor cells (P815). Ten days after administration of 20 x 10(6) allogeneic cells, peak concentrations of cytotoxic cells were found in lung, tracheobronchial lymph node, and spleen. With reduction in immunizing dose, lytic activity disappeared from spleen and lymph node, but persisted in lung. The cytolytic activity was specific for the immunizing alloantigen, was abolished by antitheta serum, and could not be attributed to macrophages. For comparison, C57BL/6 mice were immunized by the intraperitoneal route with 20 x 10(6) P815 cells. The expected cytolytic activity was found in spleen and lymph nodes: however, unexpectedly high levels of cytolytic activity were also found in pulmonary lymphocytes. This activity was confirmed using a wide range of effector to largest cell ratios in the assay system. Quantitative cytolytic assays demonstrated that the maximum rate of cytolysis by pulmonary lymphocytes obtained from mice immunized intraperitoneally exceeded by 10- to 20-fold the rate of cytolysis by pulmonary lymphocytes obtained from mice receiving intrapulmonary immunization. These data demonstrate that cytolytic T-lymphocytes appear in lung parenchyma after either intrapulmonary or intraperitoneal immunization and that the intraperitoneal route is far more efficient than the intrapulmonary route. This cell-mediated immune mechanism potentially is available for host defense of respiratory tissue. PMID- 6971756 TI - Phase II study of diamino-dichlorophenyl-methylpyrimidine (DDMP) with folinic acid (CF) protection and rescue. PMID- 6971754 TI - Determination of protease-cleaved p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in serum after oral administration of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA-peptide) in children. AB - A modification of the urine PABA tet published by Imondi et al. is described. Ninety minutes after oral administration of PABA peptide, PABA was determined in serum. The average concentration in healthy children was 0.42 +/- 0.055 mg per 100 ml. Up to that time we recovered in the urine 66.1 +/- 6.1% of the substance previously administered. In the children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (CF) serum PABA concentrations were less than 0.1 mg per 100 ml. The infants under 2 months old also had clearly low serum concentrations, on average 0.29 +/- 0.06 mg per 100 ml, whereas the PABA concentrations in the older babies lay within the range for the older children (0.40 +/- 0.07 mg%). PMID- 6971755 TI - The intracellular mechanism of action of metoprine (DDMP). PMID- 6971760 TI - One-step procedure for human T-lymphocyte colony growth and its regulation by T and B cells, and monocytes. AB - Previous systems for cloning human T-cells have been either one step procedures with small colony size (40 less than 40 cells) or two-step procedures with agglutination problems. These systems also require erythrocytes, thiols and human serum. We have regularly grown more than 10(3) colonies (more than 40 cells)/5 X 10(5) cells from purified T-cells or phagocytic and adherent cell depleted mononuclear cells in agar using phytohemagglutinin (PHA) as the mitogenic stimulus. The reason for the poor colony size in other single step procedures using agar may be related to cell-to-cell interaction. We found that both adherent (Ad) and phagocytic cells were suppressive of T-cell colony growth (TCCG) in donors with low or absent TCCG from whole mononuclear cells. This effect was reproduced by adding Ad cells to T-cell concentrated fractions. Both irradiated T and unirradiated enriched B-cells increased TCCG of T fractions. TCCG is possible in simple in vitro systems from both adherent and phagocytic cell depleted fractions and concentrated T-cell fractions. This allows for the examination of factor regulation of TCCG and has enabled the identification of a possible B-cell released T-cell growth factor. Previously described complex growth requirements may be related to cell interactions. PMID- 6971759 TI - Colony stimulating activity in normal human serum tested against human bone marrow. AB - Two hundred and thirty normal human sera have been tested for colony stimulating factor (CSF) under carefully controlled conditions using human bone marrow and the semi-solid agar-gel technique. It has been shown that CSF can be detected in most sera when incorporated into underlayers to remove potential inhibitors. The effect of storage temperature on serum CSF has been determined. Storage at 4 degrees, --15 degrees, and --66 degrees for up to 80 days resulted in only a mild decrease in CSF levels. After 240 days of storage, CSF values fell to 50% of that found before storage. Repeated freeze-thawing of serum has not been shown to decrease CSF levels when done in Pyrex glassware. These studies will serve as a baseline for those wishing to study human serum CSA in hematopoietic disorders. PMID- 6971758 TI - Probable mechanism of spleen colony formation suppression with rabbit antimouse brain antiserum. AB - Syngeneic thymocytes are shown to restore the capacity of bone marrow treated with rabbit antimouse brain (RAMB) serum to form the spleen colonies. The same effect may be exerted by the V fraction of thymosin or endotoxin, but not by allogeneic thymocytes. It is assumed that RAMB serum acts not on the stem cells but rather on another cell population (accessory cells?) contributing to the differentiation. PMID- 6971757 TI - Abnormal modulation of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor proliferation by prostaglandin E in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. AB - The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the in vitro proliferation of peripheral blood granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFUc) from the patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders was examined. PGE1 was found to be a dose-dependent inhibitor of normal peripheral blood and bone marrow CFUc. Peripheral blood CFUc from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) showed normal inhibition when cultured in the absence of exogenous colony stimulating factor (CSF). The addition of CSF to CML peripheral blood cultures resulted in complete abrogation of normal PGE1 inhibition. Dose-titration studies in which increasing amounts of CSF were added to CML cultures showed decreasing PGE1 inhibition with increasing CSF concentration. This observation indicated increased efficiency of competition between the colony stimulating effect of CSF and the colony inhibitory effect of PGE1 in CML. Peripheral blood CFUc from patients with myelofibrosis/myeloid metaplasia (MM) showed heterogeneous responses to PGE1 with complex dose-effect curves showing variable combinations of stimulation and inhibition of CFUc proliferation. Further studies showed that these effects of PGE1 were blocked by the prostaglandin antagonist SC-19220, and were not due to elaboration of CSF or non-CSF enhancers of CFUc proliferation from MM adherent cells. Cell fractionation studies in 2 patients, with MM showed dual populations of CFUc, one responding abnormally, and another normally to PGE1, accounting in part for the complex dose-response curves. These studies indicate that significant abnormalities exist in the in vitro response to PGE1 by CFUc from patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Deficiencies in PGE 1 inhibition may contribute to the excess myelopoiesis seen in these disorders. PMID- 6971761 TI - T-lymphocyte colonies in human cord blood. AB - The capacity of human cord blood (CB) lymphocytes to form T-colonies was studied with a double layer technique. The mean number of colonies in CB was 91 +/- 70.5 SD (X 10(5) cells), significantly lower than in adult blood, mean 182 +/- 58.0 (X 10(5). In 28 of the 50 CB samples tested the colony numbers were below the normal range for adult lymphocytes. There was no direct correlation between number of colonies and percentage of E-rosette-forming cells in CB. Some CB samples with a high proportion of E-rosettes formed few T-colonies, suggesting that not all E rosette positive cells are capable of producing T-colonies. On the other hand, some CB samples with a low proportion of E-rosettes formed normal numbers of T colonies. Purification of two populations of T-cell enriched and T-cell depleted lymphocytes confined the T-colony growth in CB, as in adult blood, to the former fraction, excluding that T-colonies could be obtained from E-rosette negative lymphocytes. This indicates that, from birth onwards, T-lymphocyte colonies originate from E-rosette positive cells. Whether the low growth observed in CB results from lack of maturation of T-lymphocytes or from the presence of specific subsets of T-lymphocytes is not clear at the present time. PMID- 6971764 TI - N,N-Dicyclohexylhexahydrodiazepines and N,N-dicyclohexylperhydrodiazocines as possible antiinflammatory agents. AB - Four 6,6-disubstituted 1,4-dicyclohexyl-5,7-diketohexahydro-7H-dro-7H-diazepines [1,4] (I a-d) and three 3,3-disubstituted 1,5-dicyclohexyl-2,4 diketoperhydrodiazocines [1,5] (II a-c) were prepared and their structure and pharmacological activity were investigated. PMID- 6971763 TI - Pulmonary apical fibrocystic disease. A serologic study. AB - Common aetiopathogenic factors were sought in 12 patients with progressive pulmonary apical fibrocystic changes, active human-type tuberculosis excluded. HLA-typing did not reveal any clear-cut trends; only the three patients with ankylosing spondylitis or Reiter's disease were HLA-B27 positive. Six patients had HLA-Cw3, which exceeds the prevalence in referents, antibodies, as well as other tissue antibodies, were mainly negative so that autoimmune aetiology is not likely. Similarly, antimicrobial antibodies were found occasionally, while low titred influenza antibodies were positive in all patients. Serum proteins, immunoglobulins, rheumatoid factor and C-reactive protein were suggestive of chronic inflammation, as were low positive titres of smooth muscle antibodies in nine patients. In spite of the uniform clinical picture and course of the disease, no uniform aetiopathogenic factors were found, but possible unidentified slow- and low-grade viral or fungal infection is discussed. PMID- 6971765 TI - Absence of maturation of collagen crosslinks in fish skin? PMID- 6971766 TI - Quantitative agreement between the values for the light-induced delta pH in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides measured with automated follow-dialysis and 31P NMR. PMID- 6971767 TI - Ophthalmic microsurgery. Discussion. PMID- 6971762 TI - Hemopoietic effects in mice of a lipid A-associated protein. AB - The effects of the bacterial cell-wall components (BCWC) lipid A and lipid A associated protein (LAP) on humoral and cellular hemopoietic parameters were investigated in mice. Both lipid A and LAP increased serum levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factors (CSF) in C57BL/6 mice. In C3H/HeJ mice the CSF responses to lipid A and LAP were 7 and 3 fold less than the corresponding CSF responses found in C3H/GSF mice. Both BCWC increased the numbers of splenic multipotential hemopoietic stem cells (CFUS) as well as colony-forming cells (CFC) for neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and megakaryocytes. Lipid A but not LAP caused a marked decrease in the femoral numbers of B lymphocyte colony-forming cells (BL-CFC). The Bl-CFC incidence in the spleen or in the mesenteric lymph node changed little if at all after injection of either of the two BCWC. Morphological analysis of marrow cells showed an increase in the proportion of myeloid cells and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of erythroid precursor cells after injection of both BCWC. In the spleen, lipid A but not LAP caused an increase in the proportion of myeloid cells, erythroid precursor cells and plasma cells. In all experiments where both BCWC showed activity, lipid A was more potent than LAP on a weight basis. PMID- 6971769 TI - Antinuclear and pancreatic acinar cell antibodies in pancreatic diseases. AB - Recently, the presence of acinar cell antibodies (ACA) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in acute and/or chronic pancreatitis have been discussed in the light of an immunological pathogenesis of pancreatitis. In the present study sera of 109 patients with pancreatic diseases were scanned for ACA and ANA which were found in 5 of 16 patients, respectively. The frequency of ACA and ANA was similar in patients with pancreatitis of known and unknown aetiology. In conclusion, the presence of ACA and ANA seems to be rather an epiphenomenon than an index for a certain immunological aetiology of pancreatitis. PMID- 6971768 TI - Increase in capillary basement membrane width in parents of children with type I diabetes mellitus. Association with HLA-DR4. PMID- 6971770 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage, vascular malformations and the laser]. PMID- 6971771 TI - Studies on circulating soluble immune complexes of the liver disease. 6. Comparative studies of 125I-pRF inhibition assay, 125I-Clq inhibition assay and 125I-Clq binding assay. AB - Inhibition assay of 125I-C1q binding to IgG-p-azobenzamidoethyl Sepharose 6B (IgG Sepharose) by immune complexes was developed for the detection of circulating soluble immune complexes in the liver disease and was compared with polyclonal rheumatoid factor (pRF) binding inhibition assay and with C1q binding assay. The C1q inhibition assay was proved to be very sensitive, reproducible and rapid. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugal analysis showed that the assay could detect aggregates of human IgG (AHGG) larger than 19s. C1q inhibition activity (C1qIA) correlated with severity of the liver disease, defined by histological criteria. The highest C1qIA was observed in sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, followed by liver cirrhosis, fulminant hepatitis, chronic aggressive hepatitis (2B), lupoid hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the order. There were correlations of C1qIA with serum gamma-globulin levels, sero-positivity for rheumatoid factor and hepatitis B surface antigen, and significant correlations existed also among pRFIA, C1qIA and C1qBA. Ultracentrifugal analysis of sera from patients with the liver disease showed that ClqIA demonstrated two sizes of immune complexes, 7s and larger than 19s, while complexes larger than 8s were seen in pRFIA. PMID- 6971772 TI - Continued heavy drinking and survival in alcoholic cirrhotics. AB - Survival of 64 male chronic alcoholic cirrhotics with first-onset ascites discharged from a gastrointestinal convalescent service was examined over a 32-mo period of study. Of 54 patients discharged as improved, 23 (43%) remained abstinent for a mean time of 14.0 mo and 15 (28%) resumed heavy drinking (greater than 2 g/kg/day). Twelve of 15 heavy drinkers died in a mean time of 7.2 mo, while all but one abstainer were alive. Differences in survival were statistically significantly different (p less than 0.001) when examined by the life-table method. Survival of 16 "moderate or binge" drinkers was not significantly different from abstainers. However, the number of rehospitalizations for liver disease was increased in this group. The study indicates that continued heavy drinking is associated with poor survival of alcoholic cirrhotics. PMID- 6971773 TI - Electrocoagulation of Mallory-Weiss tears. PMID- 6971775 TI - The national ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding. I. Study design and baseline data. PMID- 6971774 TI - Endoscopic injection sclerosis (EIS) of esophageal varices. AB - A technique for injection of sclerosing agents into esophageal varices using a fiberoptic endoscope in conscious but sedated patients was evaluated. With a flexible needle of our own design, 82 such procedures were performed in 22 patients over a period of 17 months. A solution of 0.5% sodium tetradecyl sulfate, 50% glucose, and 3.5 units of bovine thrombin per ml was used. None of the patients were surgical candidates and all presented with variceal hemorrhage. The complication rate was 2.4% (two of 82 procedures). Prior to beginning injection sclerosis the 22 patients had sustained an average of 3.8 episodes of hemorrhage and the average transfusion requirement was 25.7 units per patient. After instituting therapy the number of episodes of hemorrhage averaged 1.3 per patient with a mean transfusion requirement of 7.3 units. PMID- 6971777 TI - The national ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding. III. Endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6971776 TI - The national ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding. II. Clinical prognostic factors. PMID- 6971778 TI - [Pregnancy and immune system. I. Immunological characterization of mononuclear cells during late pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Lymphocyte preparations obtained from peripheral blood of 36 healthy pregnancy women during the last 4 weeks of gestation were tested for various cell surface markers (E-, EA- EAC-rosettes, surface Ig positive cells). 29 healthy, non pregnant age matched women served as controls. The cell surface marker analysis did not show significantly different results in the two groups tested except diminished percentages of EA-rosettes in the pregnancy group. EA-rosettes-forming cells (Fc-receptor positive cells) are known to the effectors of spontaneous and antibody dependent lymphocytotoxicity. Therefore, slightly depressed lymphocytotoxicity may be expected during late pregnancy. PMID- 6971779 TI - Cell population kinetics in tadpole limb epidermis during thyroxine-induced, spontaneous, and prolactin-inhibited metamorphosis. PMID- 6971780 TI - [Population genetics study of rheumatism in the Dolgans of the Taimyr]. AB - The results of medical-genetic examination of population in five villages of Taimir have been presented. Among them 824 dolgans (aborigines) have been inspected. The prevalence of rheumatism is in average 3,23%. The frequency of rheumatism in the southern subpopulation was higher, than in the North. Analysis of pedigrees has shown family aggregation of rheumatism which correlated with theoretically expected according to recessive hypothesis. Investigations of genetic markers have shown important distinction of rheumatic patients from population on ABC and Hp. PMID- 6971782 TI - Intercellular junctions in the developing inferior ganglion of the human vagus nerve. PMID- 6971781 TI - The small intestine and hemopoiesis. Ultrastructural study of bone marrow cells after resection of 80% of the small intestine. PMID- 6971783 TI - Morphology and distribution of mitochondria in the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ in white rats. PMID- 6971784 TI - Cholinergic nerves in the ligamentum latum of the pig uterus. PMID- 6971785 TI - Internal structure of the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm in postfoetal life in man. PMID- 6971786 TI - Rare variant of venous stems of the retroperitoneal space in man. PMID- 6971787 TI - Seminal vesicles in the white rat (a contribution to anatomy of the rat). PMID- 6971788 TI - Topography and structure or tympanic plexus. PMID- 6971790 TI - A case of teratism of cephalothoracopagus in pig. PMID- 6971791 TI - [Neurochemistry and clinical psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971789 TI - Atypical foramina of the base of the skull. PMID- 6971793 TI - [Perioperative complete right bundle branch block after aorto-coronary bypass surgery (author's transl)]. AB - In 322 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, the possible factors responsible for the development of intraventricular conduction disturbances were investigated. In 18 patients (5.6%), complete right bundle branch was observed perioperatively, 2 of whom also demonstrated left anterior hemiblock. Left bundle branch block, either complete or incomplete, was not observed. Patients demonstrating perioperative complete right bundle branch block were further characterized by the finding that 14 of 18 (77.7%) had preoperative inferior wall infarction as opposed to only 34% in the remaining 304 patients. Fifteen of the 18 patients (83.3%) had prolonged aortic cross-clamp times in contrast to only 37.5% of the remaining patients. Three-vessel disease, present in 16 of the 18 (88.9%) patients, was less frequently present (56.2%) in those in whom complete right bundle branch block did not develop perioperatively. Application of the chi 2-test showed significant differences in all of the latter variables. The perioperative onset of complete right bundle branch block may be due to several factors. The results of this study indicate that the extent of scar tissue and arteriosclerotic changes as well as the ischemic time during surgery may play a decisive role. In ten of the patients, the perioperatively incurred complete right bundle branch block was irreversible. Postoperative angiographic studies revealed no relationship between block development and graft occlusion. PMID- 6971792 TI - [Optimal left ventricular filling pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass (author's transl)]. AB - To determine the optimal left ventricular filling pressure (LAP) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) left ventricular function curves were constructed in ten patients with coronary heart disease, seven with aortic stenosis and normal left ventricular filling pressures (NLVFP), eight with aortic stenosis and pathologic elevated left ventricular filling pressure (ELVFP), and nine with mitral valve disease, cardiac index = CI, stroke index = SVI, left ventricular stroke work index = LVSWI were plotted against left atrial pressure = LAP and correlated with myocardial lactate extraction. After CPB, CI and LVSWI increased 52 to 53% and 50 to 80%, respectively, in the patients with NLVFP. In the patients with preoperatively ELVFP SVI did not increase significantly with increasing LAP, resulting in no augmentation of CI and LVSWI. Total systemic resistance increased in these patients, and myocardial lactate metabolism shifted to production in the patients with severe aortic stenosis. Thus, the results show that SVI, CI and LVSWI cannot be augmented by increasing LAP above 15 mm Hg if preoperative left ventricular function is already impaired. Elevation of LAP above 20 mm Hg can induce myocardial ischemia and cause low cardiac output with increased peripheral vascular resistance. PMID- 6971794 TI - Progressive inhibition of human glandular (urinary) kallikrein by human serum and identification of the progressive antikallikrein as alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 protease inhibitor). AB - Human urinary kallikrein was inhibited by human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 protease inhibitor) in a similar way as by equivalent amounts of human serum. The inhibitor present in the kallikrein-inhibitor complex formed was identified as alpha 1-antitrypsin by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. Under the experimental conditions applied, 90 mIU (= 185 microgram) alpha 1-antitrypsin inhibits about 9 microgram of human urinary kallikrein in 24 h at 37 degrees C, 1 ml of human serum, containing 2-4 mg alpha 1-antitrypsin, inhibits about 70 microgram kallikrein. At an incubation temperature of 25 degrees C, the rate of inactivation is significantly lower than at 37 degrees C. No inhibition was observed at 0 degrees C or when alpha 1-antitrypsin was presaturated with trypsin. PMID- 6971797 TI - Incidence of colour blindness in Iraqi Arabs. PMID- 6971796 TI - Genetic variations of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi types) in Normans. Common Pi M subtypes and new phenotypes. AB - The results of Pi typing by high resolution isoelectric focusing on 1,030 Normans from the area of Rouen (France) is reported. The frequency of the three common subtypes of Pi M is given and new variants partly described. Pi gene frequencies are compared to previously obtained data and results from other countries. The application of high resolution isoelectric focusing to the Pi system is discussed together with the advantages it provides in the knowledge of alpha-1-antitrypsin genetic polymorphism. PMID- 6971795 TI - Distribution of alpha 1-antitrypsin (PI) phenotypes in chromosome abnormalities. AB - PI phenotypes (including subtypes) were determined for 168 individuals with chromosomal abnormalities ascertained in Adelaide. These included patients with mosaicism, trisomy 21, trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and various sex chromosome aberrations (45,X, 47,XXX, 47,XXY, 47, XYY, and 48,XXXY). Data did not support an existing proposition that mildly deficient PI phenotypes predispose to abnormal chromosome segregation during mitosis of meiosis. Phenotypic distributions of each group were statistically similar to control populations of cord bloods and bloods donors. PMID- 6971798 TI - Impairment of rosette forming T-lymphocytes in carcinoma of cervix uteri. PMID- 6971800 TI - [Normal and abnormal cell and antibody mediated immunoreactions. Part I: structure, ontogeny and functions of lymphocytic system]. AB - The ontogeny of T and B cells can be clearly demonstrated by developing cell surface markers and cell functions. This may be used as diagnostic aid in determining differentiation of lymphoblasts, therapeutic response of immunodeficiency disorders and as one of explanations for immunoincompetence of newborns. Subpopulations of lymphocytes can be quantitatively and qualitatively changed in a variety of disorders. The main markers of lymphocytic subpopulations and their in vitro and possible in vivo functions are described. PMID- 6971799 TI - Unusual cause of massive rectal bleeding. PMID- 6971801 TI - Analysis of haplotype preference in the cytotoxic T-cell response to H-Y. AB - The mechanisms determining which parental haplotype is selected in (CBA X B10) (k X b)F1 female mice for major histocompatibility complex (H-2) restricted, male specific (H-Y), immune, cytotoxic T-cell (Tc-cell) responses, was investigated. The data show that haplotype preference is variable, and may be directed towards one, both, or neither of the parental haplotypes. This preference is reflected in the precursor or frequency of memory Tc cells as measured by limiting dilution assays. It was further shown that maternal influence, antigen dose, route of immunization, and a feedback mechanism on the stimulator cells in vivo could not influence haplotype preference or its observed variability. Evidence for cross reactive killing by H-2k and H-2b H-Y immune Tc cells on H-2b and H-2k allogeneic targets, respectively,, (i.e., the independent haplotype of the other parent of the F1 mice), provide evidence for natural tolerance as a possible mechanism to explain haplotype preference. PMID- 6971802 TI - Serological and biochemical characterization of rat (RT1) class II molecules with restricted mouse anti-Ia sera. AB - Murine anti-Ia sera were tested for their reactivity with rat peripheral lymphocytes. Extensive cross-reactions were observed in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay. In the majority of strain combinations, these reactions were specific for B cells. We demonstrated by absorption analyses that (1) the reaction was specific, (2) B cells from all rat strains reacted with anti-I-Ek serum, and (3) the anti-I-A sera defined five new specificities. These antisera can also immunoprecipitate class II (Ia-like) molecules from radiolabeled, detergent-solubilized cell extracts. The rat equivalents of molecules encoded in the I-A and I-E subregions in mice can be isolated from all rat strains studied. The alpha and beta subunits of the rat class II molecules were polymorphic when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide electrophoresis. This observation allows the characterization of rat alloantisera or monoclonals of unknown specificity by comparing them to the defined reactivity of the mouse anti Ia sera. PMID- 6971803 TI - Leucocyte migration inhibition test in rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 6971804 TI - Progression of asbestos radiographic abnormalities: relationships to estimates of dust exposure and annual decline in lung function. AB - The determinants of radiographic worsening were examined in a cohort of 244 asbestos-cement manufacturing workers. Progression of irregular small opacities was related to higher average and cumulative dust exposures. Progression of pleural thickening or pleural plaques was related to length of exposure and time since first exposure, but not to average or cumulative exposure. Larger declines in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume (one second) were related to larger cumulative dust exposures and to progression of irregular small opacities and pleural thickening. Progression of pleural calcification was not associated with significantly declines in lung function. Changes in lung diffusing capacity did not correlate with measures of dust exposure or with progression of radiographic abnormalities. PMID- 6971805 TI - Asbestosis among maintenance workers in the chemical industry and in oil refinery workers. PMID- 6971806 TI - Free fatty acidemia as an inducer of systemic hyperfibrinogenemia and fibrinolytic inhibition. AB - Many major inflammatory stimuli induce secondary conditions of blood hyperfibrinogenemia and fibrinolytic inhibition, changes which may be mediated by alterations in free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. The effect of a free fatty acidemia induced by the intravenous infusion of a triglyceride into rabbits on the fibrinogen/fibrinolytic system was determined. A 3-h infusion of synthetic fat emulsion induced a rapid rise in FFA (0.4-2.1 microEq/ml in 3 h) followed by a more gradual rise in fibrinogen (2.6-4.3 mg/ml at 24 h), alpha 1-antitrypsin (1.1-1.9 mg/ml at 48 h), and serum fibrinolysis inhibitory activity (increased 202% at 48 h). Increases in protein concentration were due to increased synthesis. It is proposed that the changes in the fibrinogen/fibrinolytic system which follow major inflammatory stimuli are induced by a mediating free fatty acidemia. Possible pharmacological procedures to block these changes are discussed. PMID- 6971807 TI - Outer membrane protein composition in disease isolates of Haemophilus influenzae: pathogenic and epidemiological implications. AB - The outer membrane protein composition of 50 disease isolates of Haemophilus influenzae has been determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All strains, including 28 strains of serotype b, one strain each of serotypes a, c, d, e, and f, and 17 untypable strains, had an outer membrane protein composition typical of gram-negative bacteria, i.e., these membranes contained two to three dozen proteins with four to six proteins accounting for most of their protein content. Variation in the mobility of these major outer membrane proteins from strain to strain was common but not universal; the observed patterns provided useful data and new insight into the epidemiology of type b disease. The basic findings can be summarized as follows: (i) All 50 strains possessed three proteins (one minor and two major) each having identical mobilities. The other proteins, both major and minor, varied in mobility. (ii) All type b strains possessed a fourth (major) protein of identical mobility. (iii) The 28 type b strains, on the basis of the mobility of the six major outer membrane proteins, could be divided into eight subtypes. Of all the other strains examined, both typable and untypable, only the serotype a strain belonged to one of these subtypes. (iv) The untypable strains showed considerable variation in the mobilities of their major outer membrane proteins. Of these 17 strains, 13 had an additional major outer membrane protein not present in encapsulated strains. (v) The outer membrane protein composition of a single strain remained unchanged after many passages on solid media, but varied with the growth phase. (vi) The outer membrane protein composition of isolates obtained from nine patients during an epidemic of type b meningitis varied, indicating that a single strain was not responsible for the epidemic. At least five different strains were responsible for these nine cases. (vii) Identical outer membrane protein compositions were observed in the following: in a type b strain and a mutant of this strain deficient in capsule production, indicating that the level of capsule synthesis is not obviously related to outer membrane protein composition; in type b strains isolated from different anatomic sites of patients acutely ill with meningitis, indicating that the strain associated with bacteremia is the same as that isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid; in type b strains isolated from siblings who contracted meningitis at about the same time, indicating infection with the same strain; and in type b strains isolated from the initial and repeat infection of a single patient, suggesting that reinfection was due to the same strain. PMID- 6971809 TI - Synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharide on phytohemagglutinin- and concanavalin A-induced deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: participation of T lymphocytes. AB - Lipopolysaccharide induces a synergistic uptake of tritiated thymidine in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) when cultured with phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A as compared to PBL incubated only with phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A. In this study we investigated which subpopulations(s) of PBL is involved in this synergistic increase in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Separation of PBL into sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming cells (T cells) and non rosette-forming cells (B cells) showed that the T cells were responsible for the increased uptake of radiolabel. PBL and T cells had similar dose-response profiles and kinetic patterns. Paralleling this augmented tritiated thymidine uptake was an increase in the number of cells undergoing blast transformation. Delayed-addition experiments showed that the two mitogens must be added within 12 h of each other for maximal augmentation to occur. Finally, preincubation of T cells with lipopolysaccharide had no demonstrable effect on the amount of concanavalin A uptake by these cells. This model may provide unique information about the activation of human peripheral blood T cells compared to activation of these cells by one mitogen. PMID- 6971811 TI - Serological and biological activities of anti-Haemophilus influenzae ribosomal serum. AB - The antibody content in serum from rabbits immunized with ribosomes from Haemophilus influenzae type b was determined by passive hemagglutination, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and complement fixation. Attempts to use passive hemagglutination to assay anti-ribosomal antibodies were unsuccessful. In the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, rabbit antiserum was allowed to react with ribosomes that adhered to microtiter plates. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method detected, in two ribosome-immunized rabbits and by 3 days postimmunization, titers which rose to plateaus on days 24 to 31 and declined thereafter. With the complement fixation method, the serum from one immunized rabbit also showed a titer on day 3 and reached a plateau on days 20 to 31. Serum from the other immunized rabbit did not develop a titer until day 11; it reached a lower plateau on days 20 to 24 and then declined on days 27 to 55. Although there were no apparent differences between the two immunized rabbits by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, there were differences between the complement fixation antibodies in these rabbits. Passive protection experiments were performed with these sera. Maximal passive protection was achieved when mice were challenged intraperitoneally with 100 50% lethal doses of H. influenzae and immunized intravenously 1 h later with rabbit serum collected 27 days postimmunization. Rabbit anti-ribosomal sera were evaluated for bactericidal activity. Undiluted immune sera showed bactericidal activity; however, when diluted 1:10, activity was lost. Although bactericidal activities of immune sera were correlated to passive protection activities, it is unlikely that such protection was due to bactericidal antibodies. Immune serum had opsonizing activity since it enhanced phagocytosis of H. influenzae by mouse leukocytes. PMID- 6971808 TI - Role of lipopolysaccharide in regulating colony-stimulating factor-dependent macrophage proliferation in vitro. AB - Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) enhance both production of colony-stimulating factors (CSF) and proliferation of mononuclear phagocytes in vivo. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the effects of LPS on CSF-dependent monopoiesis are due solely to enhanced production of CSF or also to direct effects of LPS on the responding progenitor cell. Addition of LPS to CSF stimulated macrophage populations had different effects, depending upon the concentration of CSF in the cultures. In the presence of optimal to supraoptimal concentrations of CSF, LPS at doses >/=0.01 mug/ml inhibited macrophage colony formation. This inhibitory activity was not due to cytotoxicity of the LPS and was not mediated through prostaglandin synthesis. In the presence of suboptimal concentrations of CSF, minute concentrations of LPS (10(-7) mug/ml) significantly enhanced macrophage colony formation. Both effects of LPS (inhibition and enhancement) appeared to be properties of lipid A since neither effect was noted with cells from LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice, whereas both effects could be neutralized by the addition of the antibiotic polymyxin B, which binds to the lipid A portion of LPS. These results suggest that the effects of LPS on monopoiesis in vivo may not be due solely to its capacity to stimulate production of CSF. Rather, LPS may be involved in stimulating monopoiesis both indirectly through stimulation of CSF production and by its effects on the CSF-responsive progenitor cell. PMID- 6971810 TI - Natural killer cell activity in chickens: target cell analysis and effect of antithymocyte serum on effector cells. AB - A battery of lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells was examined for susceptibility to lysis by natural killer cells of chickens. Several susceptible targets were recognized, and most susceptible among these were cells of line LSCC-RP9, derived from a lymphoid tumor induced by Rous-associated virus 2. The natural killer reactivity against LSCC-RP9 target cells did not appear to be directed against an antigen(s) induced by Rous-associated virus 2 because other lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells infected with this were resistant to lysis in vitro by natural killer cells. The effector cells of natural killer reactivity in chickens were refractory to treatment with potent anti-T-cell and anti-B-cell sera. Inoculation of Marek's disease virus in line 15 X 7 chickens resulted in enhanced natural killer cell activity, and the effector cells of this enhanced activity, and the effector cells of this enhanced activity were also resistant to anti-T-cell serum. PMID- 6971813 TI - Human IgE antibody-forming cells. Radio-resistant and radio-sensitive subpopulations. AB - In vitro IgE and antimite IgE antibody (IgE Ab) synthesis was investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from atopic patients depleted of E-rosetting T cells developed IgE and IgE Ab in the absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and it was not significantly affected by addition of T cells of of PWM. 1,000 R irradiation decreased more than 50% of the IgE and IgE Ab-producing capacity in 2 of 8 cases, but the remainder were not significantly affected. Increase of the gamma-ray dose from 1,000 to 12,000 R did not result in more suppression. Radio resistant as well as radio-sensitive subpopulations may exist in the PBL of atopic patients. The radio-sensitive component of IgE and IgE Ab formation was suppressed by PWM, while the radio-resistant component was not affected. PMID- 6971812 TI - Antibody-independent binding of the first component of complement (C1) and its subcomponent C1q to the S and R forms of Salmonella minnesota. AB - Strong bactericidal effects of normal guinea pig and human sera against the Salmonella minnesota S form and an R form (Re) depend on Ca2+, complement component C4, and subcomponent C1q of complement component C1. Therefore, the interaction of C1 and C1q with these forms was investigated. The bacteria directly bound subcomponent C1q, as demonstrated by fixation and transfer tests and by fluorescent methods. Binding of macromolecular C1 was shown by fixation and transfer tests and by C4 consumption. C1 fixation and transfer tests provide evidence that C1 and C1q were bound more tightly to the Re form than to the S form. At physiological ionic strength, all cell-bound molecules were released from the S form, whereas at least 60% remained on the cell surface of the Re form. The Re form showed another binding behavior for C1: preincubation of bacteria with purified C1q totally prevented C1 uptake by the S form, compared to only 10% inhibition of the uptake by the Re form. Therefore, we conclude that macromolecular C1 is bound differently by the S form than by the Re form. The analysis of five other core-deficient mutants of S. minnesota (Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd1, and Rd2) revealed that the difference could be explained by a deficiency of the O specific polysaccharide. In contrast, all the C1q bound to Ra, Rb, and Rc mutants was detectable by the transfer test. Therefore, we postulate that binding of macromolecular C1 to these mutants must be due to an additional C1 subcomponent besides C1q. PMID- 6971814 TI - The health consequences of moderate obesity. PMID- 6971815 TI - Secondary structure relations between beta-lactamases and penicillin-sensitive D alanine-carboxypeptidases. AB - The sequence homology found by Waxman & Strominger between penicillin-sensitive D alanine-carboxypeptidases and penicillin-inactivating beta-lactamases is shown to extend to the level of secondary structure as predicted by the method of Chou & Fasman or by the informational method of Garnier et al. Thermodynamic similarity of homologous segments of these proteins is demonstrated by means of a sequence independent parameter, the hydration potential of Wolfenden at al. Although the 40- to 70-residue amino-terminal sequences examined contain a common serine reactive with penicillins and (in the case of the carboxypeptidases) an R-D alanyl-D-alanine substrate analog, no homology in secondary structure or hydration potential could be found with a serine protease such as alpha chymotrypsin. PMID- 6971817 TI - Changes in rat liver and adipose tissue lipogenesis in the course of continuous gamma radiation. AB - Lipogenesis in liver of continuously irradiated rats (dose rate of 0.57 Gy per day for up to 25 or 30 days) was increased, in comparison with control animals, between 7 and 30 days. In the liver of fed rats it was approximately five times higher than animals fasted for 16 hours before sacrifice. Lipogenesis in adipose tissue was decreased on the third day of irradiation and its value was higher than in controls between 7 and 25 days. Glyceride glycerol synthesis in irradiated rats was increased compared with controls on the first, seventh and between 21 and 25 days of continuous irradiation. We suggest that the increase in lipogenesis in the liver of continuously irradiated rats is an important factor in lipid metabolism disorders caused by the continuous irradiation. PMID- 6971816 TI - Paradoxical pupil in congenital achromatopsia. AB - Children with congenital achromatopsia possess an interesting paradoxical pupillary constriction to darkness that has not been previously described. This paper describes three children in whom this paradoxical pupillary reaction was documented with infrared pupillometry. The literature on the pupil in achromatopsia is reviewed and a tentative testable model of the reaction is hypothesized. PMID- 6971818 TI - Changes in the tryptophan fluorescence in gamma-irradiated human haemoglobin. AB - The effect of gamma-radiation on human haemoglobin was studied by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Irradiation with doses in the range of 0-2.4 Mrad led to an increase in fluorescence intensity and a red shift of the fluorescence maximum. Such spectral changes should be attributed mainly to a more polar environment of tryptophan residues in irradiation haemoglobin caused by protein unfolding and to a concomitant increase in separation between tryptophan residues and haem groups. Differences in fluorescence intensity but not spectral distribution between control and irradiated samples denatured in guanidinium hydrochloride indicate a radiation-induced decrease in tryptophan content. Fluorescence quenching by caesium ions was observed in irradiated haemoglobin but not in native haemoglobin. The Stern-Volmer constant calculated for caesium quenching indicates that the fraction of tryptophan residues accessible to the quencher increases after irradiation. PMID- 6971819 TI - Effects of very low doses of ionizing radiation on the clonal life-span in Paramecium tetraurelia. AB - Effects of very low doses of ionizing radiation were investigated on life-span in Paramecium tetraurelia. After autogamy single cell cultures were place (1) in a control chamber with radiopermeable walls; (2) in a shielded device with 10 cm thick lead walls; (3) in a similar shielding device including a 60Co source giving a dose of 760 mrad per year at the culture level. Life-spans, expressed in days and in mean total number of fissions measured from autogamy to the death of all sublines, were about 200 fissions and 55 days in controls. Life-spans of shielded sublines were increased and lower life-spans were observed in both shielded and irradiated sublines. These findings provide new evidence for a biological effect of very low doses of ionizing radiations and show that fission potential of Paramecium tetraurelia can be affected by variations in the background radiation level. PMID- 6971821 TI - Effect of fractionated hyperthermia on hypoxic cells in vitro. AB - The lethal response of asynchronous exponentially growing mouse lung (L1A2) cells heated to 42 degrees C under hypoxic conditions was demonstrated in vitro. Acutely hypoxic cells (i.e. heated immediately after 30 min of N2 plus CO2 gassing) and aerobic cells treated under the same extracellular pH were equally sensitive to a single hyperthermic treatment, and incubation under hypoxia for up to 24 hours prior to treatment did not influence cell survival. Similarly, under controlled pH conditions (pH within 7.0 to 7.4) recovery from hyperthermic damage demonstrated by two-dose hyperthermic fractionation (each of 1.5 hours at 42 degrees C) was identical in hypoxic and aerobic cells, and the highest recovery was found at a 10-hour interval. Preheating for 1.5 hours at 42 degrees C induced thermal resistance to a second treatment at 42 degrees C (thermotolerance). At the 10-hour interval the degree of thermotolerance was not influenced by incubation under hypoxic conditions (thermotolerance ratio, TTR equals 4.7 in both aerobic and hypoxic cells). The data indicate that hypoxic conditions do not influence the heat response in L1A2 cells to either a single or a two-dose fractionated hyperthermic treatment in which hypoxia or aerobic conditions were maintained in the interval between the heat treatment. PMID- 6971820 TI - The reactions of the 2'-deoxyadenosine electron adduct in aqueous solution. The effects of the radiosensitizer p-nitroacetophenone. A pulse spectroscopic and pulse conductometric study. AB - The reactions of the one electron adduct of 2'-deoxyadenosine dA(-), in aqueous solutions have been studied using pulse radiolysis techniques with optical absorption and conductivity detection. The dA(-) radical anion itself shows a weak and featureless optical absorption at greater than 300 nm. It reacts rapidly with H20 (k equals 6 x 10(4)M(-1)s(-1); t1/2 equals 210 ns) to yield at least three different protonated structures (dAH., dA'H., dA"H.). In neutral solutions the most important of these (dAH., lambda(max) equals 315 nm) decays by a first order process (t1/2 approximately equal to 9 microseconds). In basic solutions dAH. undergoes on OH- catalysed rearrangement into another neutral radical (dA"'H., lambda(max) equals 355 nm; k(dAH. plus OH-) equals 1.7 x 10(8)M(-1)s( 1)). p-Nitroacetophenone (PNAP) reacts rapidly with the protonated electron adducts of 2'-deoxyadenosine (k equals 5 x 10(9)M(-1)s(-1)). An electron transfer occurs with dAH to yield PNAP and a reoxidized form of 2'-deoxyadenosine. As indicated by its pK value of 8.8 the latter is not, however, simply a repaired 2' deoxyadenosine molecule, but is suggested to include the elements of water. Species dA"'H.(and dA'H.) react with PNAP in a process which is clearly not an electron transfer but likely an addition reaction. PMID- 6971822 TI - Low dose effect of ionizing radiation on incorporation of iododeoxyuridine into bone marrow cells. AB - The reduction of the incorporation of IUdR in bone marrow cells depends on the time after irradiation and on te microenvironment of the cells. The strongest effect is observed 4 hours after irradiation. For absorbed doses above 40 rad, whole-body irradiated mice were more sensitive with respect to depression of IUdR incorporation in bone marrow cells, when the bone marrow cells were labelled in vivo, and less sensitive for in vitro labelling. The converse was observed for very small doses of 1 rad and below. Such small doses resulted in a significant depression of IUdR incorporation after in vivo irradiation and in vitro labelling and showed no effect at all after in vivo irradiation and in vivo labelling. The least effect of radiation was observed after both irradiation and labelling in vitro. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, the biological results and microdosimetric considerations indicate that at the smallest doses the effect is due to functional changes of cellular organelles which control intracellular mechanisms. A working hypothesis is proposed for the reduction of IUdR incorporation at low doses as being due to functional changes of the cellular membranes. PMID- 6971823 TI - Hyperthermia and surface morphology of P388 ascites tumour cells: effects of membrane modifications. AB - The quantitative distribution of cell surface alterations of heated P388 ascites tumour cells was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Cells harvested from host animals maintained on a standard rodent chow diet or one high in saturated fatty acids responded differently, to identical hyperthermic treatment in vitro, to cells obtained from animals on a highly unsaturated diet. The morphological response of cells from chow fed animals was modified by addition to the incubation medium, of procaine, a membrane-active drug. The pattern of response observed after these cells were heated in the presence of procaine resembled that seen following heat treatment of ascites cells obtained from animals fed diet high in unsaturated fatty acids. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a cell's response to hyperthermic insult is related to its membrane fluidity at the time of treatment. PMID- 6971824 TI - [Radiation-induced degradation of thymidine in deaerated aqueous solution]. AB - The steady-state gamma radiolysis of deaerated aqueous solutions of thymidine generated a complex mixture of pyrimidine and nucleoside derivatives. Twenty-two of these compounds have been isolated and unambiguously characterized by spectroscopic methods including proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The major 5,6-saturated products has been identified as the 5R and 5S diastereoisomers of 5,6-dihydrothymidine and their mono and dihydroxylated derivatives on the 5 and/or 6-carbons. The G values of these various compounds has been determined. The roles of the primary reactive species derived from the radiolysis of water have been studied by using specific radical scavengers i.e., ethanol, t-butanol and potassium nitrate. PMID- 6971825 TI - Reactions of the trichloromethylperoxy free radical (Cl3COO) with tryptophan, tryptophanyl-tyrosine and lysozyme. AB - The trichloromethyl peroxy radical Cl3COO reacts with tryptophan, tryptophanyl tyrosine and with lysozyme to form products whose overall absorption spectrum is different from those observed following the reaction of hydroxyl, bromide, thiocyanate or azide radicals. Two spectral components have been identified: a minor component attributed to the neutral tryptophanyl radical which can react with ascorbate and intramolecularly with tyrosine residues and a major component which does not undergo either of these reactions and is probably a radical adduct. PMID- 6971826 TI - Effect of gamma irradiation on dye-DNH binding. AB - This paper attempts to analyse the effect of (a) gamma radiation and (b) the presence of histones in the form of nucleohistones (DNH) on the modes of ligand (Proflavine, Pf) binding to DNH. Effects were investigated by spectrophotometry. A certain dose of radiation which causes appreciable DNA denaturation has much less effect on DNH. There is a 'threshold' dose beyond which DNH denaturation is directly proportional to dose as in the case of DNA. The histones in DNH act as a shield and at higher doses get dissociated to expose the double helix to radiations. Ligand binding has a further stabilizing effect against radiation damage to DNH. PMID- 6971828 TI - Radiation-induced dimerization of tyrosine and glycyltyrosine in aqueous solutions. AB - Products of radiolysis of tyrosine and glycyl-L-tyrosine in oxygen-free nitrogen, N2O or air saturated water solution, pH 4.0 or 8.6 were analysed in an amino acid analyser and upon separation on DEAE cellulose or BioGel P-2 column with spectrofluorimetry. Apart from dihydroxyphenylalanine tyrosine solution irradiated in nitrogen or N2O contained dityrosine, while that of irradiated glycyl-L-tyrosine contained glycyl-dityrosine-glycine. Both dimeric products were formed with radiation yields, of about 0.15 at low pH value. In addition an unknown, nonfluorescent but ninhydrin positive product was found in irradiated tyrosine solution. Another, unidentified product of radiolysis was detected in N2O or air saturated solutions of tyrosine. The product had a blue-green fluorescence and a molecular weight of about 500. PMID- 6971827 TI - The effect of adriamycin on repair of sublethal damage and slow repair in irradiated mouse lung. AB - The interaction of Adriamycin with radiation damage in the mouse lung has been shown to disappear with the same kinetics as those for the 'slow repair' of such radiation damage. Split-dose experiments have demonstrated that Adriamycin inhibits this 'slow-repair' process whereas the drug has no effect on the repair of sublethal damage in irradiated mouse lung. PMID- 6971829 TI - Effect of low dose ionizing radiation on the murine pericryptal fibroblast sheath: radiation damage in a mesenchymal system in vivo. AB - The effect of low dose ionizing radiation from a variety of sources on the murine small intestinal and colonic pericryptal fibroblast sheath (PCFS) has been investigated. Ultrastructural and light microscopic changes seen within 3 hours after radiation resembles the mode of cell death known as apoptosis. The apoptotic index (AI) was shown to rise steadily for 4 hours after irradiation, and then to return to control levels by 10 hours. 137Cs gamma-irradiation over a range of doses from 0-803 cGy caused an increase in AI from control values of 1-2 per cent to a plateau level of approximately 8.5 per cent for doses above 40 cGy. Investigation of the response of the PCFS to doses of 137Cs and 60Co gamma irradiation and X-irradiation below 40 cGy demonstrated a steady increase with dose in AI. The survival curve for the radiosensitive subpopulation susceptible to death through apoptosis as a consequence of exposure to non-acute doses of radiation has a D0 of 10.6 cGy and an extrapolation number of 2.3. PMID- 6971830 TI - Effect of membrane lipid perturbers on the temperature dependence of repair of sublethal and potentially lethal radiation damage. AB - The repair of sublethal radiation damage (SLD) in Chinese hamster (V79) cells was investigated as a function of temperature in the presence and absence of the membrane lipid perturbers, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or adamantanone, which decrease the viscosity of the membrane lipids. Addition of 0.01 mM BHT to the cells significantly increased the amount of repair of SLD over controls from 0 to 25 degrees C but not from 30 to 37 degrees C. The amount of repair of SLD decreased as a function of temperature to about 20 degrees C and remained relatively constant thereafter till about 2.5 degrees C where it began to decrease again. The change in the amount of repair at approximately 20 degrees C coincides with a membrane lipid phase transition, as seen by spin labelling, in these cells. The repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD) was not increased by BHT at the two temperatures investigated (5 and 20 degrees C). In fact, additional PLD was expressed when cells were incubated post-irradiation at these temperatures. The results imply that at least a component of the SLD repair system is membrane associated and that the SLD and PLD repair systems are independent. PMID- 6971833 TI - A 'repair model' of cell survival gives the approximation: S = exp - (alpha D + beta D2). PMID- 6971834 TI - Pyrimidine dimer excision in ageing human cells in tissue culture. PMID- 6971832 TI - Micronucleus test in mice fed on irradiated whole diet. PMID- 6971831 TI - The interaction of the membrane binding segment of cytochrome b5 with phospholipid vesicles. A pulse-radiolysis investigation. AB - The reactions of the radical anions Br2- and (SCN)2- produced by pulse-radiolysis have been used to study the interaction of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline vesicles with the membrane binding segment (MBS) of cytochrome b5. Tryptophan oxidation by Br2- at neutral pH was characterized spectrophotometrically in detergent-solubilized solutions of MBS; the attack of tyrosine by (SCN)2- under alkaline conditions could also be observed directly. The incorporation of MBS into the lipid bilayer protected the tryptophan, tyrosine and methionine residues from oxidation by Br2- or (SCN)2-. Some structural implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 6971837 TI - Responses of yeast cells to heat applied alone or combined with gamma-rays. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine the effects of hyperthermia alone or combined with gamma-rays on the survival of yeast cells of different species. Arrhenius plots for the heat inactivation of yeast cells show inflection points. This suggests that hyperthermic killing above or below these temperatures is mediated by different mechanisms. The synergism between hyperthermia and ionizing radiation was almost linearly dependent on temperature as shown by Arrhenius plots for the combined action of both modalities. The data obtained may imply that different processes are involved in heat inactivation and thermal enhancement of yeast cell radiosensitivity. PMID- 6971836 TI - The effects of x-irradiation in vitro on subpopulations of human lymphocytes. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated using a Ficoll-Uropolinum gradient were exposed to between 1 and 25 Gy X-rays and were cultured for period of up to 72 hours. Before irradiation and after 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours total numbers of surviving cells per ml of culture were determined as well as the frequencies of cells spontaneously forming rosettes (E) and active rosettes (AE) with sheep red blood cells, cells bearing receptor for activated complement (EAC) and cells spontaneously forming rosettes with mouse red blood cells (ME). Irrespective of the duration of in vitro culture, the radiosensitivity of the subpopulations of human lymphocytes increased in the order E less than EAC = ME less than AE rosette forming cells. Calculation of the frequencies of surviving cells, null with respect to the surface markers (E and EAC), showed that disappearence of rosette-forming cells under the influence of radiation was largely due to the shedding of their receptors and not exclusively to cell death. It is suggested that the extreme radiosensitivity of the subpopulation of T lymphocytes capable of AE rosette formation, if confirmed by in vivo studies, may possess diagnostic significance in persons accidentally exposed to radiation. PMID- 6971835 TI - Photodynamic effects of haematoporphyrin on respiration and calcium uptake in isolated mitochondria. PMID- 6971838 TI - Radioprotection by thiazolidines at the cellular level. AB - Radioprotection by a number of thiazolidine derivatives was studied in vitro. Reproductive integrity of single cells was used as a parameter for survival after irradiation. Thiazolidine itself did not protect when dissolved in culture medium, but a good protective activity was found when it was dissolved in rat blood. Rat blood improved also the radioprotective activity of most other thiazolidine derivatives. The best protection was obtained with thiazolidines in which the carbon at the 2 position was substituted by germanium. No correlation was evident between the degree of protection and release of a free SH group by hydrolysis of the thiazolidine ring. The results support a previous suggestion by Terol, Fernandez, Robbe, Chapat, Granger and Sentenac-Rovmanov (1978) that the thiazolidines proper and not their hydrolysis products are responsible for radioprotection. PMID- 6971840 TI - Micronucleus formation in preimplanted mouse embryos cultured in vitro after irradiation with x-rays and neutrons. AB - Preimplanted mouse embryos cultured in vitro were irradiated with X-rays and neutrons in the late G2-phase of the 2-cell stage. Both radiation qualities induced micronuclei at very low doses. The kinetics of micronucleus formation during the first and second cell cycles after X-irradiation depended on the radiation dose and on the extent of the division delay. New micronuclei appeared to be formed even after the third and later post-irradiation mitoses. The shape of the various dose-effect curves and the mechanism of micronucleus formation by the two radiation qualities are discussed. PMID- 6971841 TI - Pigment abnormalities in irradiated hair follicles: effects of low doses, dose rate, and LET. PMID- 6971842 TI - The effect of hyperthermia on one aspect of the response of mesenteric blood vessels to radiation. PMID- 6971839 TI - Comparative effects of 60Co gamma-rays and neon and helium ions on cycle duration and division probability of EMT 6 cells. A time-lapse cinematography study. AB - Exponentially growing cultures of EMT 6 cells were irradiated in vitro with neon ions, helium ions or 60Co gamma-rays. Time-lapse cinematography allowed the determination, for individual cells, of cycle duration, success of the mitotic division and the age of the cell at the moment of irradiation. Irradiation induced a significant mitotic delay increasing proportionally with the delivered dose. Using mitotic delay as an endpoint, the r.b.e. for neon ions with respect to 60Co gamma-rays was 3.3 +/- 0.2 while for helium ions it was 1.2 +/- 0.1. Mitotic delay was greatest in those cells that had progressed furthest in their cycle at the time of irradiation. No significant mitotic delay was observed in the post-irradiation generation. Division probability was significantly reduced by irradiation both in the irradiated and in the post-irradiated generation. The reduction in division probability obtained with 3 Gy of neon ions was similar to that obtained after irradiation with 6 Gy of helium ions or 60Co gamma-rays. PMID- 6971844 TI - Effects of acute gamma-irradiation on the development of the thymus in embryos and fry of Oryzias latipes. PMID- 6971845 TI - The response of mouse intestine to combined hyperthermia and radiation: the contribution of direct thermal damage in assessment of the thermal enhancement ratio. AB - The thermal enhancement of X-ray damage to mouse jejunum has been assessed when heating was achieved by immersion of an exteriorized loop of intestine in Krebs Ringer solution. The results have been compared with those previously obtained following heating in situ. The primary effect of 1 hour of mild hyperthermia was to reduce the should of the crypt survival curve obtained following X-rays given alone. Thermal enhancement ratio (TER) values increased with increasing temperature, up to 42.3 degrees C, and were within the range reported for other normal tissues. However, when hyperthermia itself caused crypt loss and the contribution of hyperthermal killing to the overall tissue response was taken into account, there was little enhancement of radiation damage. There was no evidence of a large increase in TER at high temperatures, as is seen in some tumours and has been reported by Merino, Peters, Mason and Withers (1978) for intestine. It is possible that very high TER values which have previously been reported mainly reflect the heat-alone component of damage. Some of the implications of these results are discussed in relation to the combination of heat and radiation in therapy. PMID- 6971843 TI - Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on chromatin and its components from Yoshida ascites tumour cells. PMID- 6971846 TI - The repair of potentially lethal damage in x-irradiated cultures of normal and ataxia telangiectasia human fibroblasts. AB - The repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD) after X-rays was studied in plateau phase cultures of nine normal and five ataxia telangiectasia (AT) strains of human fibroblasts. In the normal strains PLD repair was complete after 6 hours of post-irradiation incubation. There were differences in the form of the survival curves of normal strains after maximum PLD repair but the extent of post irradiation recovery was similar in all strains. In contrast all AT strains were almost completely deficient in PLD repair even when post-irradiation incubation was extended to 18 or 24 hours. The relevance of the PLD repair-deficiency in cultured AT strains to in vivo radiotherapeutic observations in AT patients is briefly discussed. PMID- 6971847 TI - Frequency of U.V. induced protein-DNA crosslinks in cell lines of different sensitivities. AB - We have measured U.V.-induced protein-DNA crosslinking in two cultured human cell lines of different sensitivities. Using a previously published method, involving SDS-protein precipitation, we obtained a biphasic response with an initial slope of 0.6 per cent DNA J-1 m2 up to 50 J m-2 and a second-phase slope of 0.12 per cent DNA J-1 m2 with a background of 22 +/- 13 per cent. Rigorous washing of SDS protein precipitates reduced background binding to about 5 per cent with a linear U.V. effect up to 100 J m-2 of 0.038 per cent DNA J-1 m2. Binding was judged to be covalent on the grounds of stability to boiling and represented 4.1 crosslinks pg DNA-1 J-1 m2 or 60 crosslinks cell-1 J-1 m2. Similar results were obtained for both cell lines. We conclude that the differences in U.V. survival between cell lines is not related to the extent of protein-DNA crosslinking. We have been unable to detect repair of these lesions in either cell line. PMID- 6971848 TI - Observations of radiation-induced chromosome fragment loss in live mammalian cells in culture, and its effect on colony-forming ability. AB - Our preceding paper (Crote, Joshi, Revell and Shaw 1981) described a method for the direct scrutiny of live cultured mammalian cells with a microscope, and reported that all diploid Syrian hamster cells (BHK 21 C13) of a sample given 1.4 Gy of 220 kV X-rays in Gl reached post-radiation mitosis without discernible abnormality, but then diverged in observed behaviour: descendent cells from some first mitoses continued to proliferate normally while cells from other first mitoses behaved abnormally and produced either slow-growth or stop-growth colonies. This paper completes our study of the same irradiated cell sample, and shows that these post-mitotic differences in clonogenic ability were related to acentric chromosome fragment losses at post-radiation mitosis, which were detected in live daughter-cell pairs as micronuclei. The proportion of live daughter-cell pairs scored as deficient was at least 80 per cent of the proportion of comparable fixed-and-stained mitoses with detected acentric fragments. PMID- 6971849 TI - Radiation effects on mouse incisor teeth following whole-body doses of up to 16 gray. AB - Experiments were performed to determine the threshold dose of radiation above which macroscopic tooth damage in C57BL mice occurs, the sequence of appearance of this damage, and the extent and rate of recovery in relation to radiation dose. Protection from the acute effects of radiation doses well in excess of the LD90 was obtained by the administration of non-absorbable antibiotics and bone marrow reconstitution, without the use of radioprotective drugs. However, gross effects on the incisors were observed at doses in excess of 10 gy. Body weight changes were to some extent linked with the incidence of tooth damage. PMID- 6971850 TI - Comparison between the radiosensitivity of human, mouse and chicken fibroblast like cells using short-term endpoints. AB - We have performed a comparative study of the radiosensitivity of fibroblastic cell lines from three different animal species: human, mouse and chicken. Endpoints reflecting short term responses were utilized: colony forming ability (CFA), DNA single strand break (SSB) repair and repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD). Regardless of the criterion employed, the response to radiation varies from one species to another. According to our survival curves, chicken cells appear to be more radioresistant than those of human and mouse. SSB repair is apparently absent in murine cells, partial in chicken cells and complete in human cells. This lack of correlation between survival curves and SSB repair demonstrates that survival of irradiated cells does not depend only (or at all) on the repair of SSB. The repair of PLD is much more efficient in human and chicken cells than in murine cells. PMID- 6971851 TI - Acrylamide quenching study of gamma-irradiated human haemoglobin. PMID- 6971852 TI - DMSO does not protect against hydroxyl radical induced peroxidation in model membranes. PMID- 6971853 TI - Generation of volatile hydrocarbons as a measure of radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in vitro. PMID- 6971854 TI - Pulmonary function and 81mKr scans in obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6971855 TI - T lymphocytes in human cancer--II. Effects of radiotherapy and controlled nutritional intake. PMID- 6971857 TI - Inhibition of antigen-induced and anti-immunoglobulin-induced capping by hydrocortisone and propranolol. AB - The redistribution of lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin (Ig) induced by anti-Ig antibody or bound sheep erythrocyte antigen (capping) was inhibited reversibly by hydrocortisone succinate (2 x 10(-4) M). Capping inhibition was also effected by cholesterol and progesterone, favoring the hypothesis that the effect was mediated through changes in the physical properties of the cell membrane rather than hormonal action. Capping was also inhibited by propranolol at concentrations where it may exert a local anesthetic as well as a beta-adrenergic blocking effect (2 x 10(-4) M). Since a fourfold excess of the beta agonist isoproterenol failed to restore capping in the presence of propranolol, the local anesthetic mode of action is most likely. Nitroprusside, an inhibitor of contraction in vascular smooth muscle and platelets, failed to inhibit capping. PMID- 6971858 TI - Effects of levamisole on the proliferation of thymic lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - The ability of levamisole to enhance proliferation of murine lymphocyte preparations stimulated by concanavalin A was examined. Levamisole substantially augmented the proliferation of C57Bl/6 thymic lymphocytes, but had only marginal effects on the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes. The possibility that this difference was related to the degree of cell maturation was examined by peanut agglutinin fractionation of the thymic lymphocytes. Levamisole was found to stimulate proliferation most effectively in the mature fraction. However, since the focus of levamisole activity might be on macrophages, also shown to be present in preparations of splenic and thymic lymphocytes and in both PNA separated fractions, the drug's activity was compared to several macrophage replacements: LAF-IL 1, 2-mercaptoethanol, and added splenic adherent cells. Added plastic adherent cells and 2-mercaptoethanol were effective in augmentation of proliferation of both mature and immature populations whereas LAF-IL 1 like levamisole was most effective on the mature population. PMID- 6971859 TI - The role of the maturation stage of thymocytes on the phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A responses in thymocyte and lymph node lymphocyte cocultures in guinea pig. Effects of pretreatment of thymocytes with thymosin or levamisole. AB - Guinea pig thymocytes (TH) and lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) synergized optimally in both phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin (Con A) responses in mixtures containing 0.3 x 10(6) TH and 0.2 x 10(6) LNL. Using discontinuous albumin gradient centrifugation thymocytes were separated into two subpopulations (F4 and F6) at different stages of maturation. Immature, PHA and Con A unresponsive F6 thymocytes synergized significantly only in the PHA response. More mature, PHA and Con A responsive F4 thymocytes cooperated well in the Con A response, but only a small synergy was observed in the PHA response. Pretreatment of the unfractionated thymocytes with the low concentration (0.05 microgram/ml) of thymosin decreased significantly their capacity to interact with LNL in both PHA and Con A responses. Preincubation of F4 thymocytes with the high concentration (200 microgram/ml) of thymosin increased the synergy in PHA response. All other combinations with thymosin or levamisole and thymocytes were ineffective on the mitogenic responses in the TH and LNL cocultures. Altogether, the results how that the thymocyte populations that induce synergy in PHA, or in (PHA and) Con A responses represent the two subpopulations of thymocytes with different maturation stages. The differential effects of the two concentrations of thymosin on the thymocytes support further the concept that the thymocytes synergizing in responses to both mitogens are more mature than those synergizing only PHA response. Thus, the ability of thymocytes to interact with LNL is dependent on the maturation stage of thymocytes, and can be utilized to study the differentiation of thymocytes. PMID- 6971856 TI - Shuval automated problem-oriented record: an off-line record for a primary care clinic. AB - An off-line system for automating the problem-oriented record implemented at Kibbutz Shuval is described. The Shuval problem-oriented record consists of acute and chronic problem lists, a preprinted data base collected by patients and nurses, problem-oriented plan flow sheets, problem-oriented progress notes and a regular record audit. The mean conversion time from a traditional record to a problem-oriented record was 17 min for a child's record and 25 min for an adult's. The automated problem-oriented record consists of three data processing forms that contain almost all data in the record. Transfer of data took, on the average, 10 min (range, 5 to 30 min) for a child's record. The following five types of analysis can be performed with the Shuval automated problem-oriented record: administrative, patient care, epidemiologic, demographic and clinical research. Coupled with the manual problem-oriented record, the Shuval automated record provides many advantages of an on-line problem-oriented record at considerably less cost. PMID- 6971860 TI - [Development of "mixed connective tissue disease" (MCTD) from discoid lupus erythematosus]. AB - A patient with discoid lupus erythematosus is reported which turned into a mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) within five months. THe patient developed a severe polysymptomatic clinical picture with frailty, myositis, generalized erythema and livedo racemosa features, but without renal involvement. Combined therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine led to rapid regression of all symptoms. After releasing from the hospital a mitigated relapse could be controlled by increasing the dose of cortico-steroids. No other relapse occurred during the following year. Since the onset of disease the indirect immunofluorescence showed antinuclear antibodies of the speckled pattern. Also we could mark antibodies against ENA. We regard this finding as an indication, that in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus and antinuclear antibodies of the speckled pattern the risk of progressing into MCTD had to be considered. Repeated controls for symptoms of other collagenoses, therefore, should follow for a period of two years. PMID- 6971861 TI - Immunological evaluation of 22 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia off therapy. A longitudinal follow-up. AB - In 22 patients with ALL in first complete remission, who discontinued therapy after 3 years, longitudinal follow-up of immunological reconstitution was investigated by assessing serum immunoglobulin levels, number and mitogen responsiveness of B and T lymphocytes. Major modifications have been demonstrated for T cells both in terms of number and functionality, while B cells and serum immunoglobulins did not change significantly. Examining the behaviour of the patients one by one, it has been observed that recovery is often characterized by a remarkable rebound occurring from the 15th to the 18th month. Immunosuppression induced by antileukemic treatment appeared to be a transitory phenomenon, mainly limited to the first three months. Reconstitution was achieved, in almost all cases, within one year after treatment was stopped. PMID- 6971862 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked response in the diagnosis of inner ear injury in the horse. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) testing was done to evaluate inner ear/VIIIth cranial nerve (CN8) function in the horse. The BAER test consisted of stimulating the auditory system with clicks and recording far-field responses of the brainstem auditory components via cutaneous electrodes and a signal averaging system. The normal response was shown to be a series of waves occurring within the first 10 msec after the stimulus click. Functional loss of the auditory receptor organ (cochlea) or CN8 results in loss of the entire response on the side of the injury. Because of the anatomic relationships of the peripheral auditory and vestibular systems, trauma to one will injure the other. Therefore, auditory testing (BAER tests) may be used to advantage in the diagnosis of peripheral vestibular disease. The BAER test was used in a horse that had signs suggestive of vestibular dysfunction or a brain lesion. The test helped to demonstrate a unilateral inner ear/CN8 lesion and to discount the probability of a more central lesion. PMID- 6971865 TI - Cervical cord compression from multiple hereditary exostoses. PMID- 6971864 TI - Taxonomy and description of Vibrio fluvialis sp. nov. (synonym group F vibrios, group EF6). PMID- 6971863 TI - The Medallion lens five years later. AB - A retrospective review of 90 cases of Medallion lens implantation, all with at least a five-year follow-up, revealed a variety of late complications, very few of which were directly related to the implantation or presence of an intraocular lens. Long-term progressive deterioration of nylon iris-lens sutures occurred, but late lens dislocations were not a problem, although two cases developed worrisome erosion through the sphincter into the iris stroma. Some of the earlier patients were those with a guarded prognosis; overall visual results would have improved had these cases been deleted. PMID- 6971866 TI - The value of serum magnesium estimations in the diagnosis of acute perioperative myocardial infarction after coronary artery surgery. AB - Serum magnesium levels fall significantly after acute myocardial infarction. Even greater decreases have been found in all patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass surgery. This is probably related to the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. No significant difference in serum magnesium levels was found between those patients who had a well documented peri-operative infarct and those who had an uncomplicated course. Thus determination of serum magnesium levels if of no use in the diagnosis of peri-operative myocardial infarction. PMID- 6971867 TI - Non-reversed saphenous vein grafting: an improved technique or aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - Prevention of graft failure produced by intervening valves in reversed segments of saphenous veins has been achieved by a new method of aortocoronary bypass surgery employing non-reversed, valve-free segments of vein. The large cephalic end of the greater saphenous vein segments is anastomosed to the aorta. The somewhat smaller, caudal end of the venous segment is anastomosed to the coronary artery, thereby reducing veno-coronary size discrepancy. Graft stenosis and thrombosis caused by venous valves is avoided. PMID- 6971868 TI - Arginase and sucrase potential in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The induction potentials of 2 enzymes, sucrase and arginase, have been measured in asynchronous and synchronous cultures of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The effect on potential of inhibiting DNA synthesis is asynchronous cultures has been studied using 2 temperature-sensitive dcd mutants, one blocked in DNA replication and the other blocked in mitosis. The results show that despite inhibition of DNA synthesis, sucrase and arginase potential both continue to increase exponentially for at least a generation of growth after shifting the cdc mutants from the permissive to the restrictive temperature. A second method of inhibiting DNA synthesis, using deoxyadenosine, has also been tested. Cells treated with deoxyadenosine stop the increase in potential for a short period. However, experiments carried out using a cdc mutant together with deoxyadenosine show that the block to the increase in potential is due to a side effect of the inhibitor. It appears that increase in potential is not dependent upon continued DNA replication, and that gene dosage does not control potential in the normal cell cycle. This conclusion is supported by measurements on mutants of different cell sizes. potential is proportional to size (protein content per cell is asynchronous culture) and not to DNA content. Although potential is not gene limited in normal cells, it does appear to be so in the abnormally large cells produced by a cdc block. If cdc mutants of different sizes are grown asynchronously, and DNA synthesis is inhibited by a shift to the restrictive temperature, there is no increase in potential. This critical ratio is different for the 2 enzymes, but for each enzyme it is similar in all the mutants tested. When large cells (produced by a mutant block for 4.5 h) are shifted down in temperature, there are synchronous rounds of DNA synthesis and division and also step doublings in potential. In synchronous cultures of wild type cells, both enzymes show a stepwise doubling of potential at 0.2 of a cycle after DNA replication. In synchronous cultures of cdc mutants blocked either in replication or in mitosis, the potential steps continue with the normal timing observed in wild type cells. This shows that the steps are not dependent on the events of the DNA-division cycle but are controlled by another mechanism. Attainment of a critical size might be part of this mechanism, but tests with size mutants argue against this. PMID- 6971869 TI - [Early diagnosis of stomach cancer: report on 23 cases including 15 patients with an acute hemorrhage or perforation (author's transl)]. AB - Early gastric cancer was detected in 23 patients, 15 of whom had acute complications of either hemorrhage or perforation. Cases with acute complications often have a more favorable prognosis as a carcinoma may be identified while still in its pre-invasive stage. The gravity of the complication should not result in the employ of limited diagnostic procedures (e.g. endoscopy without multiple biopsies) or the use of incomplete therapeutic measures (e.g. simple suture of a perforated ulcer). The treatment of hemorrhagic gastric ulcers and perforated ulcers is discussed in greater detail. The need for a continuous follow-up of these patients with gastric ulcers is emphasized. This should include periodic endoscopy examination and multiple biopsies, even when a gastric ulcer has been apparently cured by medical treatment. PMID- 6971870 TI - Changes in enzyme activities related to steroidogenesis in human ovaries during the menstrual cycle. AB - Follicles and corpora lutea were isolated from the ovaries of 25 patients at several stages of the normal menstrual cycle. To measure the steroidogenic enzyme activities, cell-free homogenates of the ovaries were incubated aerobically with 4-14C-labeled pregnenolone, progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone in the presence of appropriate cofactor(s). The delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase plus delta 4-delta 5 isomerase activity in the follicle was low during early follicular phase (greater than 11 days before ovulation), but gradually increased toward ovulation and showed maximal values in the corpus luteum at the midluteal phase (6-10 days after ovulation). The activities of 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C-17-C-20 lyase in the follicle reached the highest value at the late follicular phase (within 5 days of ovulation), but markedly decreased after luteinization. 17 alpha-Hydroxylase activity in the corpus luteum increased again during the midluteal phase, whereas the activity of C-17-C-20 lyase remained at a low level throughout the luteal phase. The aromatase activity was low during the follicular phase, but increased markedly with luteinization. These findings are discussed in light of the known plasma steroid concentrations and their changes during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6971872 TI - Isolation and identification of Haemophilus ducreyi in a clinical study. AB - Seventeen strains of Haemophilus ducreyi were isolated from genital lesions which were negative for syphilis by dark-field examination. Media used for primary isolation at various times during the study were enriched chocolate agar, chocolate agar plus vancomycin (3 microgram/ml), rabbit blood agar plus vancomycin (3 micrograms/ml), fetal bovine serum agar, and fetal bovine serum agar plus vancomycin (3 micrograms/ml). H. ducreyi was isolated on chocolate agar plus vancomycin from 10 of 14 patients found to be positive on one or more media, on rabbit blood agar plus vancomycin from 16 of 17 patients, and on fetal bovine serum agar plus vancomycin from 9 of 11 patients. Sera from six animal species were tested to determine if any would support the growth of H. ducreyi. Horse and rabbit sera supported light growth of some strains. Fetal bovine serum supported good growth of all strains included in the study. Biochemical and physiological tests were done on the 17 isolates, a reference strain of H. ducreyi, and two reference strains of Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus. The results agreed with those reported by Kilian, except that H. ducreyi produced alpha-hemolysis in stabs on rabbit blood agar and was oxidase positive, three strains were urease positive, and CO2 improved the growth of seven strains. All 17 isolates were beta lactamase positive. The reference strains were beta-lactamase negative. PMID- 6971871 TI - Classification and characteristics of coagulase-negative, methicillin-resistant staphylococci. AB - Sixty-five clinical isolates of coagulase-negative, methicillin-resistant staphylococci have been classified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (63.0%), "phosphatase-negative S. epidermidis" (12.3%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (6.2%), Staphylococcus hemolyticus (6.2%), Staphylococcus hominis (3.1%), and Staphylococcus warneri (1.5%). Five of the organisms (7.7%) could not be classified with certainty as currently recognized species. Novobiocin resistance was encountered in eight of the strains, but these were not classified as the accepted novobiocin-resistant staphylococcal species. Some differences in antibiotic resistance patterns to those typical of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were noted in that, although 29 strains were resistant to methicillin, penicillin, sulfamethizole, streptomycin, and tetracycline, the remainder of the strains were sensitive to streptomycin or tetracycline or both. In a majority of the strains (42 of 65), methicillin susceptibility testing by the disk method at 30 or at 37 degrees C in the presence of NaCl did not appear to enhance resistance expression. Most of the strains produced beta-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6), but none of the 21 strains tested produced enterotoxin B. PMID- 6971873 TI - Preparation of frog myosin. Isolation and characterization of the light chains. AB - Frog myosin can be prepared with a good yield by precipitation of a high ionic strength extract between I 0.20 and 0.05 or by ammonium sulphate fractionation of actomyosin in the presence of Mg-ATP. Two alkali light chains, LC1 and LC3, along with one DTNB light chain LC2 have been isolated by chromatography on ion exchange cellulose after urea dissociation. A supplementary light chain LC1d present in variable amounts from one preparation to the other corresponds to a proteolysis product of LC1. Their stoichiometry, molecular weight, amino acid composition, isoelectric point and peptide map have been determined. Their general proportions and structural properties show many similarities with rabbit skeletal muscle light chains. Amino acid compositions and peptide maps confirm that the additional band LC1d comes from a proteolytic degradation affecting the N-terminal part of LC1. PMID- 6971874 TI - Sinusoidal analysis: a high resolution method for correlating biochemical reactions with physiological processes in activated skeletal muscles of rabbit, frog and crayfish. AB - A high resolution method for determining the complex stiffness of single muscle fibres is described. In this method the length of the fibre is oscillated sinusoidally, and the resulting force amplitude and phase shift are observed and interpreted in terms of chemo-mechanical energy transduction. In activated, fast skeletal muscles of rabbit (psoas), frog (semitendinosus) and crayfish (walking leg flexor), we resolved at least three exponential rate processes. We named these (A), (B), (C) in order of slow to fast. These processes should reflect ATP hydrolysis and concomitant energy transduction since they are absent in muscles that the relaxed, in rigor or fixed. The great similarities in the complex stiffness data from different muscles suggests that there is a common mechanism of chemo-mechanical energy transduction across a broad phylogenetic range. PMID- 6971875 TI - High-voltage electron microscopy of crossbridge interactions in striated muscle. AB - In order to investigate the geometry of the interactions which myosin molecules make with actin filaments we have studied thick (0.2--0.5 micrometer) transverse sections of striated muscles in the 1 Me V electron microscope at Imperial College. Sections obtained from fixed relaxed frog sartorius muscle and both fixed relaxed and fixed rigor insect flight muscles, show regular electron opaque features between the thick and thin filament profiles. These are thought to be the overlapping images of the many levels of myosin heads that occur in such sections. From the appearances of these images, together with studies of thin transverse sections, it appears that of the possible interactions which one myosin molecule can make, namely that its two component heads interact with the same thin filament or with two different thin filaments, it is the former interaction (both heads on the same filament) which is predominant. Nevertheless appearances have been seen similar to those expected if an interaction of one molecule with two thin filaments occurs. It is concluded that both single filament and two filament interactions can occur depending on the steric convenience of the available actin subunits, but that the single filament interaction occurs in the majority of cases in the muscle states we have studied. Finally it is shown that the myosin filament profiles seen in thick transverse sections may be a very misleading guide to thick filament structure because of the influence which the myosin crossbridge have on the appearance of the profiles. PMID- 6971876 TI - Network theory in autoimmunity. In vitro suppression of serum anti-DNA antibody binding to DNA by anti-idiotypic antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Regulation of serum anti-DNA antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by an antiidiotypic antibody was evaluated. Various sera from SLE patients in active and inactive states of their disease, as well as sera from normal individuals, were first completely depleted of anti-DNA and of DNA by affinity chromatography. The suppressive capacity of equimolar concentrations of the various depleted sera (blocking sera) on target lupus sera were determined. The target sera were from lupus patients with known DNA-binding capacity. Blocking sera from inactive SLE suppressed the binding of autologous anti-DNA antibody to [(3)H]DNA (n = 19,P < 0.01). Blocking sera from active SLE (n = 19), as well as human serum albumin, did not suppress. Sera from normal donors who had no contact with lupus patients or with lupus sera did not suppress (n = 14, P > 0.5), whereas those from normal donors who had contact with lupus patients or sera did suppress the binding (n = 5,P < 0.02). The anti-anti-DNA antibody suppressive activity in the inactive lupus serum was shown to be localized within the F(ab')(2) portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G and could not be removed upon adsorption by normal human gammaglobulin. Furthermore, immune complexes could be detected by a Clq binding assay when the inactive lupus blocking sera were incubated with the anti-DNA antibody containing target sera. The specificity of the suppressive serum factor was shown by its inability to block the binding of tetanus toxoid to antitetanus antibody and its ability to block the binding of DNA to F(ab')(2) fragments of active lupus IgG. Regulation of serum anti-DNA antibody levels by anti-antibodies could induce and maintain disease remission in lupus patients and prevent disease expression in normals. PMID- 6971878 TI - Human endothelial cell-lymphocyte interaction. Endothelial cells function as accessory cells necessary for mitogen-induced human T lymphocyte activation in vitro. AB - Mitogen-stimulated human T cell activation is absolutely dependent on the participation of a nonresponding accessory cell. In populations of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocytes function as the requisite accessory cells. The possibility that cultured endothelial cells (EC) might also function as accessory cells was studied by examining the potential of endothelial cells to restore mitogen responsiveness to monocyte-depleted human T cells. Highly purified T cells were prepared by isolating cells rosetting with sheep erythrocytes and removing monocyte contamination by glass adherence and nylon wool column passage. When cultured at low cell density, T cells failed to respond to stimulation with various mitogenic lectins, whereas co-culture with monocytes restored responsiveness. Similarly, EC obtained from umbilical vein, pulmonary artery, and ovarian vein restored the capacity of T cells to respond to mitogens. Mitogen-stimulated T cell activation required viable endothelial cells. Moreover, effective endothelial T cell cooperation appeared to involve the establishment of cell-to-cell contact between EC and responding T cells. Accessory cell function was not a nonspecific property of all tissue culture cells as evidenced by the finding that human foreskin fibroblasts, lung fibroblasts, and HeLa cells were unable to restore responsiveness to monocyte-depleted T cells. These observations indicate that endothelial cells can support the induction of mitogen-induced T cell activation and suggest that cells lining blood vessels may play an active role in the initiation of immune responses in vivo. PMID- 6971879 TI - Immunological and functional differences between human type I and II colony stimulating factors. AB - Two distinct types of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) have recently been described in human tissues and cultured cell lines. Antisera to purified type I and II CSF were prepared in rabbits. Anti-CSF I antibody inhibits CSF I, but has no effect on CSF II. It cross-inhibits CSF I from several other human sources, but does not inhibit CSF from mouse lung or mouse L cells. Anti-CSF II antibody inhibits the activity of CSF II, but has no effect on CSF I. A radioimmunoassay for CSF I has been established. Competitive binding assay further demonstrated the immunological differences between CSF I and II. When CSF II is used to stimulate human marrow cells fractionated by sedimentation velocity, two populations of CFU-C are separated, one sedimenting at 8 mm/h and forming colonies by day 7, and a second sedimenting at 6.8 mm/h and forming colonies by day 13. In contrast, CSF I does nt stimulate colony growth by day 7 but does do so by day 13 in cells sedimenting between 7.2-8.5 mm/h. These results indicate that CSF I and II are distinct in their biochemical, immunological, and functional properties. PMID- 6971880 TI - Measurement of antipyretic activity of ibuprofen and paracetamol in children. AB - The antipyretic activity of ibuprofen (Brufen) and paracetamol (Crocin) was compared in 22 children with pyrexia who received either ibuprofen or paracetamol in syrup form. Both axillary and rectal temperatures were recorded prior to drug administration and 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 hours after dosing. Analysis of the results in terms of rate of temperature decrease and degree and duration of decrease in temperature indicated that both drugs produced significant reduction in temperature and in the rate of temperature decrease. The maximum effect of the two drugs was similar. However, ibuprofen was more effective than paracetamol at 6 and 8 hours after administration, and its duration of action was longer. The associated antipyretic and antiinflammatory features of ibuprofen could provide an advantage in the control of exudative forms of upper respiratory tract infections. PMID- 6971877 TI - A mucosal antibody response following systemic Haemophilus influenzae type B infection in children. AB - The possibility that mucosal antibody is produced as a host response to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection was examined in this study. 17 of 18 prospectively evaluated children ranging in age from 2 mo to 7 yr developed a detectable level of anticapsular antibody in their nasopharyngeal secretions after systemic Hib infection. The mean concentration of nasal anti-capsular antibody of the 18 children was 554 ng/mg IgA (SD = 35-8,863) during the acute phase of illness and declined to 224 ng/mg IgA (SD = 19-2,688) in convalescence. Some children had mucosal antibody detectable at least 10 mo after infection. The mucosal antibody levels were not affected by the length of illness before diagnosis, type of disease, age of the patient, sex, or presence of detectable capsular antigen or viable bacteria in the nasopharynx. The mucosal antibody was predominantly of the IgA class and occurred independent of the serum antibody. Six of the children aged less than 1 yr who did not produce and/or sustain a serum antibody level correlated with protection demonstrated a persistent mucosal antibody response. These findings suggest that the mucosal immune system may have the ability to respond at an earlier age than the serum immune system and lead us to postulate that protective secretory antibodies to prevent systemic Hib disease may be inducible in young infants in spite of the poor serum antibody response occurring at this age. PMID- 6971881 TI - Morphological analysis of astrocytes in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) spinal cord with special reference to the site of attachment of their processes. AB - An attempt was made to elucidate the morphological features of astrocytes in the bullfrog spinal cord by means of a combination of electron microscopy, the Golgi method, and the intravascular dye injection method. Astrocytic somata are densely concentrated both in the wall of the central canal and in its proximity, and diffusely distributed in the intermediate and the ventral part of the gray matter. The most complicated and densest vascular network is found in the dorsal part of the gray matter. There is little correlation between the density of the distribution of astrocytic somata and that of the vascular network. Each astrocyte emits one process and ramifies by repeated bifurcations as it approaches the white matter or enters it. All these branching processes reach the pial surface of the spinal cord (the principal processes). Total rostrocaudal extent of their ramification is within 400 micron. A great number of small lateral offshoots (the secondary processes) arise both from the somata and the principal processes. Electron microscopy of vessel walls and the pial surface revealed that the principal processes attach to the subpial basement membrane with a specialized structure, an electron-dense layer, while the secondary processes merely surround blood vessels in a mode of juxtaposition. Comparison between amphibian and mammalian astrocytes is made regarding the site of attachment of their processes. PMID- 6971882 TI - Trigeminal deafferentation and ingestive behavior in rats. AB - For studying the role of orosensory input in the control of ingestive behavior, rats were subjected to varying degrees of trigeminal deafferentation. Somatosensory branches that convey touch, temperature, and pain from the oral cavity were sectioned selectively, and innervation of the muscles of mastication and taste afferents were left intact. Severe intake deficits were produced, which included aphagia, adipsia, and prolonged hypophagia accompanied by a corresponding decrease in body weight. The deficits were proportional to the extent of deafferentation and were most severe when upper and lower portions of the mouth were affected. Although somatosensory impairment affected the organization of the consummatory response, all rats could bite, chew, and lick. Analysis of feeding patterns of minimally (mandibular) deafferented rats showed that the animals compensated for the consummatory inefficiency by increasing meal duration but failed to initiate meals at the normal rate, thus keeping food intake below normal levels. These results suggest that oral somatosensory input is critical for the mechanisms that regulate ingestive behavior. PMID- 6971884 TI - Inhibitory effects of inhaled methyl methacrylate vapor on amphibian skeletal muscle. PMID- 6971885 TI - Serotyping of Haemophilus influenzae a comparison of co-agglutination with countercurrent--immunoelectrophoresis and slide--agglutination. AB - 30 out of 55 strains of H. influenzae could be assigned to one of the six serotypes A--F by slide agglutination, countercurrent-immunoelectrophoresis or co agglutination. While slide-agglutination appeared less reliable due to non specific agglutinations countercurrent-immunoelectrophoresis was of high specificity. No cross reactions were encountered in this test and results were unambiguously to evaluate. Co-agglutination is attractive because of its rapidity and simplicity without any need of special equipment. It was found to be of increased sensitivity in detecting type B capsular antigen when compared with countercurrent-immunoelectrophoresis, the problem of cross-reactions remains to be solved however. The use of co-agglutination for serotyping H. influenzae strains in combination with countercurrent-immunoelectrophoresis can be recommended. PMID- 6971883 TI - Altered sensitivity to footshock after selective serotonin depletion: comparison of electrolytic lesions and neurotoxin injections in the medial forebrain bundle of the rat. AB - This study compared the changes in an animal's jump threshold with changes in monoamine content of telencephalon after damage to the lateral hypothalamus produced either by electrolytic lesions or by infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine (6 HDA) and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Electrolytic lesions produced significant decreases in jump threshold and in telencephalic content of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Infusions of 5,7-DHT, with or without pretreatment with desmethylimipramine, always reduced both jump thresholds and serotonin content even when there was no effect on the content of norepinephrine or dopamine. In contrast, 6-HDA had no effect on jump thresholds or serotonin content, even though both norepinephrine and dopamine were greatly reduced. Nonspecific neural damage produced by infusion of neurotoxins was quite small and did not differ in locus or size from that produced by infusion of vehicle. These results suggest that the increased sensitivity to footshock was solely due to the interruption of ascending serotonergic pathways within the lateral hypothalamus and was not a result of damage either to norepinephrine and dopamine pathways or to some other neural system. PMID- 6971886 TI - Sterol metabolism and lymphocyte responsiveness: inhibition of endogenous sterol synthesis prevents mitogen-induced human T cell proliferation. PMID- 6971888 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a 72,000-dalton glycoprotein (Tgp72) on human thymus and T cells: possible relationship to mouse Ly-1 antigens. AB - A xenoantiserum was raised in guinea pigs to a human T cell antigen (Tgp72) partially purified from cell membrane of T cell leukemia cells from a patient with chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia of T cell-type by using sequential chromatographic procedures. The antiserum reacted with all of human thymus and peripheral T cells as well as with a variety of cultured leukemic T cell lines, but not with B cells, granulocytes, and other cultured lymphoid cell lines, including normal B cell, Burkitt, myeloid, and non-T non-B cell lines. Immunoprecipitated material from 125I-labeled thymocyte, T cell, and T cell leukemia cell-surface glycoproteins by this antiserum was analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which disclosed a single component with a m.w. of 72K (Tgp72). Further immunochemical data suggest that Tgp72 antigen on human thymus and T cells is an acidic glycoprotein composed of a single polypeptide rather than sulfhydryl-linked subunits, showing a marked electric charge heterogeneity in DEAE anion-exchange resin chromatography. This is further confirmed by the data obtained from 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that Tgp72 is a 72K m.w. glycoprotein with an isoelectric point ranging from 4 to 7. Because of its similarity in tissue distribution and immunochemical characteristics, Tgp72 on human thymus and T cells was assumed to be a human homologue of Ly-1 antigens in murine system. PMID- 6971887 TI - Serum antibody-binding antibodies produced during a primary antibody response. AB - By using a solid phase radioimmunoassay we have demonstrated that immunization with either polyinosinic.polycytidylic acid (rl.rC) or TNP-Ficoll (both Tl-2 antigens) leads to the late production (day 10 to 15) of an IgG anti-antibody with specificity for the early (day 4 to 5) IgM produced in response to primary immunization. Adsorption of late sera with antigen removes anti-rl.rC or anti-TNP but does not remove anti-antibody. These results show that specific anti-antibody is found in serum during a primary immune response, and its appearance is coincident with a fall in serum anti-antigen. This suggests a possible role of autologous anti-antibody in regulation of a primary immune response. PMID- 6971889 TI - Kinetics of cytolytic T lymphocyte binding to target cells in suspension. AB - Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were able to specifically bind and lyse allogeneic P815 tumor cells and LPS blast cells in suspension. An assay was developed to measure the rate of target cell binding in suspension independent of the rate of lysis. Target cell binding was found to plateau within 3 hr in suspension. The presence of free, functional CTL and targets at these plateaus was demonstrated, indicating that target cell binding was an equilibrium process. Scatchard plots were used to derive values for Kd (apparent affinity) and bmax (maximum binding). Target cell binding in suspension could not be blocked by purified plasma membranes. Target cell binding was compared for CTL generated by secondary in vitro stimulation with intact cells or with purified membranes. These 2 CTL populations yielded distinct values for Kd and bmax. Implications of this kinetic difference for CTL recognition of purified plasma membranes are discussed. PMID- 6971890 TI - Regulation of T cell differentiation: in vitro induction of 20 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in splenic lymphocytes from athymic mice by a unique lymphokine. AB - The enzyme 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha SDH) has previously been shown to be a specific enzyme marker of mature T cells. In vivo, the expression of 20 alpha SDH is thymus dependent, in that splenic lymphocytes from athymic mice have only low levels of activity, although the levels of enzyme activity increase gradually with age. In vitro, 20 alpha SDH can be induced in splenic lymphocytes from nu/nu mice by conditioned media from mitogen- or alloantigen-stimulated normal lymphocytes. Induction is rapid in vitro. Beginning after a lag period of approximately 6 hr, enzyme activity increases linearly for approximately 20 to 30 hr resulting in a 5- to 10-fold increase in activity. Induction is blocked by mitomycin C, suggesting a requirement for cell proliferation. The phenotype of both the precursor and the induced lymphocyte populations is Thy 1.2-, Lyt 1-, 2-, suggesting that induction of 20 alpha SDH expression is an early step in T cell differentiation. The factor responsible for 20 alpha SDH induction has been partially purified and is distinct from other known lymphokines in both its biochemical and functional properties. The term interleukin 3 is proposed for this factor. PMID- 6971891 TI - Time-dependent inhibition of tuberculin-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis by a serine protease inhibitor. AB - Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), a group-specific irreversible inhibitor of serine proteases, has been shown to exert time-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis of lymphocytes stimulated by three different B lymphocyte mitogens: purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), endotoxin protein (EP), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The time-dependent inhibition profile found in B lymphocytes is absent in concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated T lymphocytes. Structural analogs of DFP, which have lost the phosphorylating ability, are not inhibitory. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by DFP is reversible in the first 8 hr of mitogenic stimulation. Maximal and irreversible inhibition by DFP occurs around the 16th hour of stimulation. These data support the postulate that a mitogenesis linked protease, or proteases, in B lymphocytes is absent in the resting cells but is made available several hours before the initiation of DNA synthesis in the late G1 phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 6971893 TI - Stimulation of specific antibody-forming cells in antigen-primed nude mice by the adoptive transfer of syngeneic anti-idiotypic T cells. PMID- 6971892 TI - Gluten-sensitive enteropathy. I. The T-dependent anti-A-gliadin antibody response maps to the murine major histocompatibility locus. AB - We examined the genetic control of the murine humoral immune response to purified A-gliadin, a protein derived from wheat gluten, which is known to cause small intestinal disease in susceptible individuals. Studies with congenic and noncongenic inbred strains of mice revealed that the T-dependent humoral immune response to A-gliadin is under the control of genes mapping to the mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC). These findings in mice establish a clear linkage between the MHC and the regulation of the immune response to a protein capable of causing human disease. PMID- 6971894 TI - Specificity of C3 receptors that mediate phagocytosis by rat peritoneal mast cells. PMID- 6971896 TI - Adoption of tumor immunity: role of the major histocompatibility complex. AB - T cells from spleens of mice immunized against a chemically induced tumor were able, when transferred to normal syngeneic mice together with tumor cells, to protect adoptively against tumor growth. The inability of such cells to identically protect pangenic nude mice and F1 hybrid mice, and the incompetence of T cells alone in the in vitro tests indicated that the T cells by themselves were unable to kill the tumor cells. We hypothesized that the protection transmitted by spleen T cells results from an interaction with the recipient mouse and that this interaction is controlled by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Analysis of the lack of protection at the level of the MHC subregion demonstrated that in the transfer of immune spleen T cells from parent mice to F1 recipient mice, an identity of the KIA subregion permitted a complete transfer of protection. In the transfer of immune spleen T cells from F1 mice to parent recipients, a semi-identity of the KIA subregion was sufficient but a complete identity of the H2D subregion was necessary. The use of such a model, requiring the transfer of parental cells to F1 hybrid mice, necessitated the analysis of the possible role of the hybrid resistance gene. We have demonstrated the absence of correlation between the hybrid resistance and the adoptive protection. At the present stage of this work, the adoptive neutralization test allows us to conclude that the immunologic rejection of a chemically induced tumor is the result of interaction between 2 cells, a T cell and a radioresistant non-T cell. PMID- 6971895 TI - Seeding of the 10-day mouse embryo thymic rudiment by lymphocyte precursors in vitro. AB - The thymic rudiment was removed from the mouse embryo at 10 days of gestation, while it was still included in the 3rd branchial arch. When cultured alone, either in vitro or on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), it failed to develop as a lymphopoietic organ and remained in an epithelial state. If it was associated in transfilter culture with various types of hemopoietic organs from either embryonic or adult mice (e.g. yolk sac, fetal liver, thymus, bone marrow), it became seeded by lymphoid precursor cells and underwent a normal histogenetic process. If the donor and the receptor explants belonged to different strains of mice, the thymus that developed in culture was chimeric: thymic stroma cells (i.e., epithelial and connective cells) were of the receptor explant type, whereas the lymphoid population was of the donor type. Two genetic markers were used to label the thymic cell types, the Thy-1-1-Thy-1-2 system and the isozymes of the glucose phosphate isomerase. PMID- 6971897 TI - Lymphoid cell surface receptor for Moloney leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein gp71. II. Isolation of the receptor. AB - The lymphoid cell surface receptor for Moloney leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein gp71 was isolated by using anti-gp71 antibodies to immunoprecipitate the receptor-gp71 complex from detergent extract of radiolabeled murine thymus cells. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, a single molecule with an apparent m.w. of 190,000 was identified as the putative gp71-receptor. Analysis in nonreducing conditions indicated that the receptor may be composed of at least 2 subunits of 190,000 daltons. PMID- 6971898 TI - Glycolipids of murine lymphocyte subpopulations: a defect in the levels of sialidase-sensitive sialosylated asialo GM1 in beige mouse lymphocytes. AB - Neutral glycosphingolipids as well as some of the sialic acid containing glycolipids, or gangliosides, were quantitated from thymocytes and splenic T lymphocyte preparations from normal and natural killer-deficient mice of various ages. Previously, asialo GM1 was considered the product of acid hydrolysis of the ganglioside GM1. However, in the murine lymphoid system asialo GM1 is a normally occurring glycolipid that appears to be one of the intermediates in the biosynthesis between lactosylceramide and some recently described, terminally sialosylated gangliosides (for structures see Table I). Asialo GM1, which is a putative marker for murine natural killer cells, is unaltered in thymocytes but is found at reduced levels in 5- to 15-wk-old beige mouse splenic T cell preparations. A sialosylated derivative of asialo GM1, which is sialidase sensitive, is increased in postnatal splenic lymphocytes but then falls to below normal levels in 5- to 15-wk-old beige mice. The concentration of this ganglioside is also altered in the same manner in the thymus. Analysis of the total gangliosides of beige thymus and spleen indicates that there are several possible deletions, but it still not known whether these deletions are related to the natural killer dysfunction in these mice. These studies show that there is a defect in the synthesis or degradation of several related glycosphingolipids in beige lymphocytes, at least 1 of which contains sialic acid, but whose structure remains unknown. PMID- 6971899 TI - Functional subsets of B cells defined by quantitative differences in surface I-A. AB - The quantitative expression of surface I-A determinants has been used to define functional B cell heterogeneity based on responsiveness to the trinitrophenyl (TNP) hapten on various classes of carrier molecules. Unprimed, anti-Thy 1 and complement-treated B10.A (I-Ak) B cells were stained with a monoclonal anti-I-Ak reagent that had been fluorescein (FL) conjugated. By using a fluorescence activated cell sorter these cells were then sorted into 2 populations of cells staining heavily or lightly with this reagent. These populations of cells were then assayed for anti-TNP precursor frequency, in responses to 3 TNP-antigens, by limiting dilution analysis. B cells responsive to TNP-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNP-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were found in both the B cells that expressed a low amount of surface I-A and the B cells that expressed a high amount of I-A. However, B cells with the ability to respond to TNP-Ficoll were found only in the B cells that expressed a low amount of surface I-A. These experiments suggest that the quantitative expression of surface I-A can be used to define B cell populations with different abilities to respond to hapten coupled to Ficoll. PMID- 6971900 TI - The failure of nonresponder mice to develop IgG memory assessed by in vitro culture with an antigen-LPS conjugate. AB - A hen egg-white lysozyme-lipopolysaccharide complex (HEL-LPS) can stimulate an in vitro IgG response, but only from HEL-primed B lymphocytes; unprimed cells only produce an IgM response. These conditions were used to determine whether IgG memory B cells are cryptically induced in B10 nonresponder (H-2b) mice after an HEL injection protocol. The usual i.p. immunization that triggers IgG memory production in congenic responder strain mice fails to yield IgG in vitro from HEL primed B10 spleen cells after stimulation with HEL-LPS. However, injection protocols immunogenic for B10 mice do engender IgG-memory cells. These results imply that the T helper cell population necessary for triggering B cells to the IgG memory stage cannot develop in the nonresponder mouse, presumably due to HEL specific T suppressor cells. PMID- 6971901 TI - Abnormalities of the thymus in aged female (NZB x SJL)F1 mice: separation and characterization of intrathymic T cells, B cells, and plasma cells. PMID- 6971902 TI - Characterization of macrophage subpopulations responsive to activation by endotoxin and lymphokines. AB - The subpopulations of murine macrophages (M phi) that can be activated by endotoxin (LPS) and lymphokines to produce lymphocyte-activating factor, or interleukin 1 (IL-1), and to express cytostatic and cytolytic activities against tumor cells were characterized in 3 cell populations with immature and mature M phi in various proportions, namely, normal peritoneal cells, glycogen-induced peritoneal cells, and cultured bone marrow M phi. There is disagreement in the literature as to whether tumor cytotoxicity can be elicited from all M phi or from a subset of small, newly formed peroxidase-positive (p+) monocytes. Using the technique of cell size fractionation, which separates p+ and p- M phi to various extents, we have found that the magnitude of te response to LPS and lymphokines increases with cell size (and hence maturity or the degree of prior stimulation) and is not exclusive to p+ M phi. Our results are consistent with the concept that all M phi, irrespective of developmental stage, can exist in a continuum of activated states, depending on the nature of the activation signals. PMID- 6971903 TI - Antigen-induced proliferation of murine T-lymphocytes in vitro. II. The effect of different macrophage populations on the antigen-induced proliferative response. AB - Various macrophage-containing preparations were tested for their ability to increase the antigen-specific proliferative response of murine T-lymphocytes. The preparations examined included: peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from mice injected with mineral oil or thioglycolate; fresh bone-marrow cells; bone marrow cells grown in culture for up to 11 days; normal spleen cells, and spleen cells from mice injected with mineral oil. The best proliferative response was obtained when the lymphocytes were supplemented with 30% spleen cells from mice injected with mineral oil. When spleen cells from mineral oil injected mice are compared with those of spleen cells from normal mice, it is evident that mineral oil given i.p. activates the spleen macrophages. Although the number and percentage of macrophages in the spleen does not increase following mineral oil injection, the activities of some of their enzymes (acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase) increase while others do not change (Cathepsin D and lysozyme). Furthermore, the Fc-dependent phagocytic activity of spleen macrophages and their spreading on plastic culture dishes is increased after mineral oil treatment. We conclude that the activation of spleen macrophages caused by an i.p. injection of mineral oil also induces the changes in their antigen-presenting apparatus. Consequently, macrophages from spleens of mineral oil-injected mice are most suitable cell preparations for antigen presentation to T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6971904 TI - Study of congenitally immunologic mutant New Zealand mice. V. B cell function of NZB-Xid mice. AB - NZB mice bearing the CBA/N X chromosome linked defect were generated by repetitive backcrossing and selection of the Xid gene. The male offspring resulting from the cross of NZB with CBA/N were selected as being XidY on the basis of sera IgM and IgG3 levels and responsiveness to DNP-Lys-Ficoll. Following this inbreeding protocol, 6th generation backcross NZB XidY mice were compared to littermate controls with respect to B cell function. Sera immunoglobulin levels of IgG1, IgG2b and IgA were similar in XidY and XY mice. In contrast, levels of IgM and IgG3, from XidY mice were approximately 15% and 50%, respectively, of values found in littermates. Furthermore, XidY mice failed to respond to DNP-Lys Ficoll and had less than 3% splenic Lyb 5.1-bearing cells. Splenic immunoglobulin cell surface profiles, obtained by the fluorescent activated cell sorter, indicated a significant reduction in the frequency of Ig bearing cells in Xid animals. Such profiles were similar to those obtained for spleen cells from reference control CBA/N mice. Finally, an elevated number of splenic, lymph node and bone marrow background and lipopolysaccharide-induced B cell clones in semi solid phase agar was found in NZB but not C57BL/6, C3H, BALB/c and DBA/2 controls. In contrast, NZB XidY mice had virtually no detectable B cell colonies. This data, obtained on significantly inbred XidY NZB mice, suggests that the Xid gene is dominant over several aspects of polyclonal B cell activation in NZB mice and indicates that serial observation of these mice will be valuable in understanding the interactions of genetic immunologic mutations and cellular function in autoimmunity. PMID- 6971907 TI - [Evaluation of blood biochemical study in preoperative diagnosis of patient with ovarian tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971906 TI - E-rosette inhibitory factor in sera from patients with mycosis fungoides. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from some of patients with mycosis fungoides disease showed decreased ability to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. This decreased percentage of E-rosette forming cells could be normalized when those cells were incubated in culture for 20 hr. Since these data led us to considering a possible inhibitory factor present in patients' sera, we tested their ability to inhibit E rosetting by T lymphocytes from normal donors, and found that sera from mycosis fungoides patients with low levels of E-rosetting blood lymphocytes showed greater inhibitory effect on E-rosette formation by normal T cells when compared to those either from normal donors or from mycosis patients who had almost normal levels of E-rosetting blood lymphocyte number. The E-rosette inhibitory factor was sensitive to 2-mercaptoethanol treatment and was copurified with serum IgM by ammonium sulfate precipitation and by sequential gel filtrations, suggesting that it might be an anti-T lymphocyte antibody naturally occurring during the disease process. PMID- 6971905 TI - Measured blood loss at delivery. PMID- 6971910 TI - Recurrent massive gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric leiomyoma. PMID- 6971911 TI - Cimetidine for trauma. PMID- 6971908 TI - [Clinical studies on connective tissue diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971909 TI - [A case of T cell chronic leukemia involving monoclonal gammopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971913 TI - Absorption of protein molecules by the small intestine of the bullfrog tadpole, Rana catesbeiana. AB - In the tadpole of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, the absorptive cells of the small intestine are characterized by the presence of invaginations of the surface plasma membrane or pinocytic vesicles in the apical cytoplasm and numerous lysosomes in the supranuclear region. These cytological features suggest that the absorptive cells may be able to ingest some macromolecules or particles. The possibility of macromolecular absorption in this animal was examined by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the electron microscopic cytochemical technique. Exogenous HRP was ingested in the absorptive cells by pinocytosis and then accumulated in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) by the contribution of pinocytic vesicles to MVBs. The pinocytic vesicle changed its shape to have an inner vesicle. Some of the inner vesicles of MVBs seem to have originated from the inner vesicles of pinocytic vesicles. Almost all the MVBs in the subapical region showed HRP activity, but some of them showed no acid phosphatase (AcPase) activity; those in the supranuclear region always showed an intense AcPase activity. Therefore some of the subapical MVBs are heterophagosomes and may be joined with lysosome during the movement toward the supranuclear region. The MVBs with lysosomal enzymes in the subapical or supranuclear region are presumably important sites of intracellular digestion. The results indicate that intracellular digestion may occur in the small intestine of the bullfrog tadpole under natural conditions. PMID- 6971914 TI - Erythrocyte metabolism: kinetic and electrophoretic analyses of pig red cell hexokinase. AB - The mature erythrocyte of the pig has been observed to possess the slowest metabolic rate of any mammalian cell type. Previous studies in this laboratory suggested that the hexokinase isolated from these cells was inhibited by glucose in concentrations in excess of 0.2 mM. In the present study, the enzyme was isolated by utilizing DEAE-Sephadex A-50, ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE cellulose (DE-52), and Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration. Studies on the hexokinase isolated from the pig mature erythrocyte by the above procedures revealed two distinct isozymes of hexokinase that do not behave kinetically and electrophoretically as those previously found in other mammalian red blood cells. The isozyme isolated from the erythrocyte of the young adult pig (less than six months of age) migrated at a slower electrophoretic rate than the one isolated from the adult pig (more than six months of age). Coupled with the observed difference in electrophoretic mobilities were changes in the apparent Km values as well as Vmax as a function of substrate concentration. In spite of the changes observed in relation to glucose, the apparent Km for Mg-ATP-2 was not altered during development. Diphosphoglycerate (DPG) was observed to be a "linear-mixed" inhibitor of both isozymes with respect to Mg-ATP-2. An experimental designed to determined the type of inhibition by DPG on the type I isozyme isolated from the horse erythrocyte revealed competitive inhibition with the Mg-ATP-2 site. Free Mg activated both isozymes in low concentrations (less than 2.5 mM) but inhibited the enzymatic activity as the concentration was elevated. The data suggest that both the young adult and the adult pig erythrocyte possess two distinct type III isozymes of hexokinase. PMID- 6971912 TI - Characterization of a new mode of defective ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. AB - A patient with a reduced response to the platelet-aggregating agent ristocetin and a prolonged bleeding time was found to have an abnormally high level of vWf as measured by Laurell immunoelectrophoresis. Characterization of the patient's vWf by disc-gel electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed it to be indistinguishable from vWf isolated from normal plasma. The specific activity of the purified vWf in supporting RIPA was the same for both patient and normal vWf. The diminished RIPA was therefore not due to decreased levels of vWf or the presence of a modified form of the vWf. The patient's platelet-poor plasma inhibited the ristocetin-induced platelet aggregating activity of normal PRP, indicating the presence of an inhibitor. Fractionation of the plasma by ion exchange chromatography showed the inhibitory activity to be in the patient's gamma globulin fraction. The gamma globulin was not directed against either the patient's vWf or against the patient's platelets but appeared to interfere with RIPA by binding ristocetin. PMID- 6971915 TI - Cases of cannabis abuse detected by analysis of body fluids. PMID- 6971916 TI - A taxonomic study of Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis) Gardner and Dukes 1955. AB - Fifty-five strains received as Haemophilus vaginalis or as catalase-negative coryneform bacteria from the vagina together with 61 marker cultures were subjected to numerical phenetic analyses using 149 unit characters. The data were examined using the simple matching (SSM), Jaccard (SJ) and pattern (DP) coefficients and clustering was achieved using the average linkage algorithm. Cluster composition was not markedly affected by the coefficient used or by test error, estimated at 6 . 5%. The H. vaginalis strains formed a tight cluster which was only distantly related to representatives of the genera arthrobacter, Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium sensu stricto, Erysipelothrix, Haemophilus, Kurthia, Lactobacillus, Listeria and Propionibacterium but shared a high overall affinity to unclassified catalase-negative coryneforms which formed a discrete taxon, cluster 9. The H. vaginalis strains could be distinguished from the related strains in cluster 9 by several unrelated phenotypic characters. Using the S1 endonuclease assay, DNA-DNA hybridizations were performed with representative strains from the numerical as well as with reference strains of Bifidobacterium and Actinomyces. Haemophilus vaginalis was found to be a genotypically legitimate group and its DNA showed little homology with DNA from the marker strains tested. The DNA base composition of H. vaginalis was 42 to 44 mol % guanine plus cytosine. A new genus should be created to incorporate strains known as H. vaginalis or Corynebacterium vaginale. The name Gardnerella vaginalis proposed by Greenwood & Pickett (1979) is supported. PMID- 6971917 TI - The morphological changes in unmyelinated peripheral nerve fibers exposed to low sodium and high potassium concentrations. AB - Frog sciatic nerves were incubated in vitro in isotonic solutions in which the relative concentrations of sodium and potassium were varied. The cross-sectional areas of the unmyelinated axons, the Schwann cells ensheathing the axons, and the periaxonal spaces were measured, and the densities of the axoplasmic organelles were determined. It was found that the nerve fibers were relatively resistant to solutions with low sodium and high potassium concentrations. At very low sodium and high potassium concentrations, there was swelling of the Schwann cells with compression of the axons. A slight degeneration of the axoplasmic organelles was also noted. In an extremely low sodium and high potassium solution, the mesaxons of a few nerve fibers opened up; this was associated with swelling of the axons and slippage of the opposing surfaces of the axolemma and schwann cell membrane. The width of the periaxonal space remained unchanged even with extreme shrinkage or swelling of the axons. These findings indicate that the Schwann cell and axon react differently to low sodium and high potassium concentrations and that the Schwann cell appears to act as a buffer zone, protecting the axon by maintaining optimal ionic concentrations in the periaxonal space. PMID- 6971918 TI - The empty sella. CT diagnosis. PMID- 6971920 TI - Synthesis of C-11 iodoantipyrine for positron emission tomography. AB - We have developed a method for the synthesis of C-11 iodoantipyrine. Carbon-11 labeled methyl iodide, prepared from 11CO2, was used to methylate 3-methyl-1 phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one to form C-11 antipyrine. Following silica-gel column chromatography and iodination, radiochemical purity of the C-11 iodoantipyrine was more than 99.5%, with a 10% yield and a specific activity of 30 mCi/mumol. Preliminary animal studies showed complete cerebral extraction and local cerebral blood-flow values that were within 4.6% of those obtained using C-14 iodoantipyrine. The C-11 analog, with positron emission tomography, will facilitate local cerebral blood-flow studies in human subjects. PMID- 6971921 TI - Mineral deficiency effects on the generation of cytotoxic T-cells and T-helper cell factors in vitro. AB - Generation of cytotoxic T-cell response of splenocytes was studied in vitro under copper, magnesium and zinc-deficient conditions. Viability of the short-term lymphocyte cultures in the deficient media was comparable with control condition viability. Cell mediated lympholysis (CML) was analyzed in an alloantigen stimulated mixed lymphocyte culture (Balb/c versus CBA/H mice) using a 51Cr release assay. Lymphocytes cultured in copper and magnesium-deficient media failed to generate specific lysis to allogeneic target cells, whereas lymphocytes cultured in zinc-deficient media did generate T-killer cell activity at reduced levels. In examining the site of mineral deficiency effects, the actions of T helper cell-produced factors was studied. There was no production of T-cell replacing factor (TRF) in any of the elementally deficient media by cultured splenocytes. The addition of TRF produced under normal control conditions to copper-deficient media completely restored the CML, whereas only a partial restoration of the CML was noted for the magnesium and zinc-deficient cells. The defect in the CML in the copper-deficient media appears to be focused on the T helper cell, but magnesium and zinc deficiency effects appear to also be at other levels of cell differentiation and proliferation in the generation of CML. PMID- 6971923 TI - The acute management of intrathecal methotrexate overdose: pharmacologic rationale and guidelines. PMID- 6971919 TI - Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy: a critical comparison of seven-pinhole tomography and conventional planar imaging. AB - Seven-pinhole tomographic and planar thallium-201 imaging was performed on 63 consecutive patients to assess the clinical value of these techniques. Significant coronary artery disease (stenosis greater than or equal to 70%) was present in 52 patients. Comparing the seven-pinhole results with those of the planar, the findings for sensitivity, specificity, and inter- and intraobserver agreement were, respectively, 94% against 75% (p less than 0.005), 91% against 91%, 86% against 79%, and 97% against 92%. In 25 patients in this group with a prior myocardial infarction, sensitivity was 100% for tomographic imaging and 92% for planar. In 27 patients without prior myocardial infarction, by contrast, sensitivity for tomographic imaging was 89% and for planar imaging 59% (p less than 0.01). Thus we conclude that both tomographic and planar imaging are highly sensitive for the detection of significant coronary artery disease, but tomographic imaging is significantly more sensitive in patients without prior myocardial infarction. PMID- 6971922 TI - Bone mineral content and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in breast-fed infants with and without supplemental vitamin D. AB - Eighteen term, healthy, appropriate for gestational age, breast-fed infants were studied in a double-blind prospective study to determine whether or not supplemental vitamin D affected bone mineralization. All patients were from a single, private pediatric practice. Nine infants were randomly assigned to a vitamin D supplement of 400 IU/day and nine infants to a placebo. By 12 weeks of age, infants receiving placebo had a significant decrease in bone mineralization and in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations compared to the vitamin D supplemented group. It is not known whether or not the increased BMC at 12 weeks of age in vitamin D-supplemented breast-fed infants is of ultimate value. Supplemental vitamin D may be necessary for optimal bone mineralization in term breast-fed infants. A longer follow-up study and additional analyses are required to make conclusive statements. PMID- 6971924 TI - Systemic Haemophilus influenzae type b infection presenting as fever of unknown origin. PMID- 6971925 TI - The role of cefamandole in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae infections in infants and children. AB - Forty patients with suspected non-CNS Hib infections were treated with cefamandole at a dosage of 100 to 150 mg/kg/day. Hib was isolated from 19 patients; three of the isolates were Blac+. All patients responded well without complications except for two children, both infected with Blac+ organisms, who subsequently developed meningitis, one three weeks following treatment for buccal cellulitis and bacteremia, the other while being treated with cefamandole for empyema. All strains of Hib were uniformly susceptible to cefamandole regardless of beta-lactamase production when tested with an inoculum of 10(4) cfu/ml. With 10(7) cfu/ml an inoculum effect was seen which was more pronounced with Blac+ strains. Moreover, "heavy" inoculum of Blac+ strains inactivated cefamandole in four to eight hours resulting in bacterial overgrowth. Similar results were obtained for ampicillin; chloramphenicol killed all strains regardless of inoculum size or beta-lactamase production. We conclude that cefamandole may be hydrolyzed by Blac+ organisms when present in large numbers, resulting in treatment failure. Extreme care should be taken in the choice of cefamandole for young infants with Hib infections, since this antibiotic neither cures nor prevents meningitis. PMID- 6971926 TI - Successful spleno-renal shunt and splenectomy in two patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Recent evidence suggests that the cirrhosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is not invariably fatal as it was previously thought. Portal hypertension is often the major determinant of survival. The few reports of porta-systemic venous anastomosis in this disorder have shown poor results or uncertain outcome. Thus, doubts exist as to whether porta-systemic shunts should be performed in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Two patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) and associated portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and hypersplenism underwent splenorenal shunt and splenectomy 8 yr ago, and both have done well. One of the patients has chronic severe headaches, diarrhea, exudative enteropathy, sinusitis, and hematuria, all uncommon in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency but possibly related to the antienzyme deficiency. She also has a higher trypsin inhibitory capacity than is generally reported in ZZ individuals. Based on the experience with these 2 patients, it appears that alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency with cirrhosis is not a valid contraindication to the performance of a portasystemic shunt. PMID- 6971927 TI - Prognosis of threatened early pregnancy. PMID- 6971928 TI - Immunological comparison of plaque-resistant and plaque-susceptible inbred rat strains. AB - AN IMMUNOLOGICAL comparison of ODU Plaque-Resistant (RES) and Plaque-Susceptible (SUS) Rats was performed in order to determine if plaque accumulation was secondary to some immunological abnormality, and to ascertain the effects of plaque accumulation on the immune system. Plaque accumulation in SUS rats on powder diets is associated with a significant elevation in immunoglobulin levels over RES rats, especially in serum IgG and IgM. Young (less than 9 weeks) SUS rats possess fewer splenic T lymphocytes than do young RES rats. This decrease is associated with a marked decrease in the response of spleen cells in vitro to T cell mitogens, Con A and PHA. This decrease is unrelated to diet and is completely and spontaneously reversed in the adult (3 month) rats. These studies demonstrate that the accumulation of large amounts of plaque cause an elevation in immunoglobulin levels. However, plaque accumulation in SUS rats does not appear to be secondary to any demonstrable immunologic abnormality. PMID- 6971929 TI - Effects of gallamine triethiodide on membrane currents in amphibian and mammalian peripheral nerve. AB - Gallamine triethiodide ("Flaxedil") is in common clinical and experimental use specifically to block neuromuscular transmission. Voltage-clamp studies show that gallamine also has direct effects on amphibian and mammalian nerve fibers, whether applied externally or internally. With external application, gallamine (0.1-10.0 mM) is about 5 times more potent than tetraethylammonium chloride in blocking the delayed potassium conductance (gk), where this is present. The sodium conductance is completely unaffected by external gallamine in both species. Internal application of gallamine to myelinated nerve fibers slows sodium inactivation. In addition, at positive potentials, gallamine can enter Na+ channels and occlude them, thereby almost eliminating outward sodium currents. In rat fibers, a significant fraction of the sodium channels fail to inactivate and thus large inward sodium tail currents occur upon repolarization. The general consequences of these findings with regard to possible "side-effects: in gallamine-paralyzed preparations is discussed. PMID- 6971930 TI - Characteristics of voltage-dependent conductance in the membranes of a non excitable tissue: the amphibian lens. AB - 1. The electrical conductance of the frog lens membranes was observed to increase when the lens was depolarized by current, and to decrease when the lens was hyperpolarized. 2. The total lens conductance (GT) could be described by a voltage-dependent component (GH) together with a voltage-insensitive component (GO). 3. Conductance measured at the resting potential increased from 9.7 to 14.4 x 10(-5) S when the lens was depolarized by 9.1 mV in 10(-4) M-ouabain. The increase of conductance could be explained by an increase of GH which resulted from the depolarization alone. 4. Potassium-rich solutions influenced the conductance by increasing GH as the result of depolarization and by decreasing (blocking) GO. Small increases in the external potassium concentration (from 2.5 to 5 mM), which did not depolarize the lens, resulted in a decrease in resting conductance due to the blockade of GO. 5. Conductance-voltage relationships established in 2.5 (control), 5, 12.5 and 25 mM external potassium could each be fitted to a single mathematical model by assuming that GO had been reduced for 5.0 (control) to 4.5, 3 and 1 x 10(-5) S respectively by those increased potassium concentrations. 6. Barium (2 mM) depolarized the lens by 14.3 mV and decreased the resting conductance by 39%. When the lens was depolarized by a step current pulse in the presence of barium, the conductance increased with time after the onset of the current. Hyperpolarization elicited less time dependence of the conductance. 7. Barium reduced the extent to which lens conductance was dependent on voltage. PMID- 6971931 TI - Longitudinal spread of adaptation in the rods of the frog's retina. AB - 1. The stimulus-response function of the red rods in the retina of the common frog (Rana temporaria) was determined in different adaptational states by measuring aspartate-isolated receptor responses. 2. Flash stimuli, background adaptations and bleaches were delivered through the same optical channel forming an oblique light-beam striking the receptor side of the isolated and flat-mounted retina at an angle of 10 degrees. 3. When the light was blue-green and optimally polarized the absorbance of the receptor layer was about 2, from which follows that 70-80% of the light was absorbed in the distal third of the rod outer segments, i.e. the exposure was local. Homogeneous exposures of the whole rod outer segments were obtained with orange and red lights. 4. Combinations of homogeneous and local stimuli with homogeneous and local adaptations were used to investigate the longitudinal spread of background, intermediate and opsin adaptation, i.e. the sensitivity-reducing effect of a background light, and the transient and permanent sensitivity losses following a bleach isomerizing 3.5-26% (usually 10%) of the rhodopsin in the retina. 5. The results obtained were related to predictions based both on the assumption that the adaptation effects spread longitudinally within the rod outer segments and the assumption that they are strictly confined to the disks absorbing the adapting lights. 6. These comparisons reveal that all three types of adaptation spread longitudinally. It is for instance clear that the sensitivity loss observed with homogeneous stimuli and local adaptation (as compared to homogeneous adaptation) is larger than that predicted by the non-spreading hypothesis. 7. The longitudinal spread of background adaptation is largely finished within 10 sec after turning on the background light, while an efficient spread of the intermediate adaptation effect may require minutes. 8. A background light decreasing the sensitivity by about one log unit decreases the time from flash to response maximum from 5 to 1 sec (small responses). Corresponding opsin adaptation effects are accompanied by less dramatic changes in response kinetics. 9. Independent of adaptation type - homogeneous or local, background, intermediate or opsin - it was found that local stimuli are less efficient that homogeneous stimuli in light-adapted retinae. This effect can be explained assuming that the sensitivity-reducing effects are pronounced in the distal than in the proximal parts of the rod outer segments. 10. The opsin adaptation effect following 10% local bleaches decreases the sensitivity to both homogeneous and local stimuli 2-3 times more than corresponding homogeneous bleaches. This means that the strength of the opsin effect is not related to the average percentage bleached but to the fraction bleached in the distal part of the rod, or generally to the fraction bleached in the most affected region. 11... PMID- 6971933 TI - The place of surgery in coronary artery disease. PMID- 6971932 TI - The tension-depolarization relationship of frog atrial trabeculae as determined by potassium contractures. AB - 1. In the presence of extracellular Na ions K contractures evoked from isolated frog atrial trabeculae show an initial phasic and a subsequent tonic contractile response. 2. The phasic response shows a steep dependence on membrane potential, persists in Na-free fluid, but is blocked by Mn ions, D600 and tetracaine. It has an indirect dependence on the [Ca]0 and would seem to be associated with both the secondary inward current and the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. 3. The tonic component of the K contracture is unaffected by D600 or tetracaine, shows a shallow dependence on membrane potential but is absent in Na-free fluid. Its tension-depolarization curve is immediately affected by alteration of either the [Ca]0 or the [Na]0. The form of the tension-depolarization relationship and the effects of [Ca]0 and [Na]0 are consistent with the strength of the tonic tension being determined by a 3Na+ for 1Ca2+ exchange across the cell membrane. 4. The results agree well with those obtained previously with voltage-clamp experiments on the same tissue, and may also help with the interpretation of Ca flux experiments. PMID- 6971934 TI - T lymphocyte colony formation and autoimmune disease: in vitro assessment of immunopathology. AB - Human T lymphocyte colonies were generated with phytohemagglutinin in semi-solid media to assess the influence of cellular and humoral components upon colony formation by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to normal age-matched controls. Optimal colony formation occurred for patients with SLE and controls approximately 6 d after culture. However, colony formation by patients with active disease was significantly reduced compared to both controls and patients with inactive disease. Similar results were obtained in liquid cultures. There was no statistical correlation between colony forming capacity and quantitation of liquid culture transformation. Observation of the influences of patient sera produced striking dose response relationships. SLE sera were found to inhibit colony formation at high concentration (30-190%) but enhanced at lower concentrations (25-694%). PMID- 6971935 TI - Tendon rupture in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon is reported. Tendon rupture in SLE is extremely uncommon; review of the reported cases suggests that it may be more common in males, and is a late complication of SLE, more likely to occur in older patients. The possible role of corticosteroid therapy is discussed. PMID- 6971937 TI - The potential role of immunoregulatory disturbance in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6971936 TI - Incidence of atopy in rheumatic disease. AB - The incidence of hay fever, positive skin tests to grass pollen and specific IgG and IgE antibodies to a pollen allergen was found to be the same in a group of 40 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis as that expected in a normal population. The geometric mean total serum IgE of this group was also normal. In sera from patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis the incidence of IgG an IgE antibodies to pollen appeared to be low and the geometric mean total IgE was also low. PMID- 6971938 TI - Immunobiology of D-penicillamine. AB - D-penicillamine holds the key to a better understanding of autoimmunization and the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Analysis of its mode of action is complicated by its multiplicity of effects. In respect to anti-acetylcholine receptors and myasthenia gravis, the major effect may be at the level of immunoregulation and/or immunogenicity. Anti-striated muscle antibody is much more common and is influenced by the HLA antigen of the patient. Thus, HLA-linked immune response genes may be involved. PMID- 6971940 TI - Expectation and patient preference -- does it matter? AB - Admission to clinical trials is often based on the assumption of homogeneity of the population. A group of 60 patients, all with pain in the neck or shoulder of at least 3 months duration, were studied. Expectation was graded before treatments were started by sharing out 100 points between freedom from side effects, pain relief, depression relief, improved mobility, improved sleep and speed of action. A double-blind crossover study of two established anti inflammatory analgesics and placebo was carried out. Using analogue scales, patients were asked to grade their response. Side effects were recorded, and preference was established at the end of the study.Although all the patients were in sufficient pain to require medical attention, some rated relief of depression, improvement in sleep or lack of side effects as more important than pain relief. Differences between drug and placebo were most clearly demonstrated in those patients whose main concern was improved mobility. In our view it is important to select patients who are in need of a dominant property of a drug for a trial of this property and this may have ramifications across the medical spectrum. PMID- 6971939 TI - Modulation of human antibody production in vitro by D-penicillamine and CuSO4: inhibition of helper T cell function. AB - Pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a T cell dependent, polyclonal B cell activator, stimulates the differentiation of immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC) from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). In this in vitro study, PBM failed to generate ISC in response to PWN after brief exposure to penicillamine and CuSO4; preincubation with either penicillamine or CuSO4 alone had no effect. Experiments utilizing purified populations of B and T cells indicated that penicillamine and CuSO4 markedly inhibited helper T cell activity but not B cell function. These observations may explain the effectiveness of penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis, especially in decreasing rheumatoid factor titers. PMID- 6971942 TI - Acute upper alimentary bleeding. PMID- 6971941 TI - Drug-induced gastrointestinal ulceration: a review. PMID- 6971943 TI - Survey of management in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. AB - The answers to a questionnaire concerning attitudes of members of the British Society of Gastroenterology to the management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding are analysed. In the majority of cases patients were admitted to general wards under the care of physicians. Use of intensive therapy units and venous pressure monitoring varied widely. Emergency endoscopy appeared readily available and was usually the first diagnostic procedure. Double contrast radiology and emergency angiography were available in relatively few centres. Specific nonoperative treatments (angiographic and endoscopic) were scarcely employed. Most respondents agreed that elderly patients fared badly, but there was little agreement concerning other factors which influence re-bleeding or outcome. There was a wide divergence of opinion concerning the need for surgical intervention in certain hypothetical clinical situations. Despite the difficulties involved, we believe that controlled trials are necessary to improve the management of bleeding patients. PMID- 6971945 TI - Esophagoduodenostomy: a neglected reconstructive procedure after total gastrectomy. AB - Three types of esophago-enteric reconstruction are currently employed following total gastrectomy: end-to-end anastomosis, esophagus to duodenum; Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy; and interposition of jejunal or colonic segment between the esophagues and duodenum. For reasons not entirely clear, esophagoduodenostomy enjoys less popularity than the two alternative methods. A study of cases reviewed at the Jewish Hospital reveals equality of results in terms of mortality and morbidity. The procedure was found to have definite advantages over the others. Esophagoduodenostomy is recommended as the procedure of choice following total gastrectomy. PMID- 6971944 TI - Aortocoronary bypass surgery after ten years. PMID- 6971947 TI - Atypical trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 6971950 TI - [A cytochemical study of T, active T, non active T and B lymphocytes in respect to acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971948 TI - Computed cranial tomography in acoustic tumor diagnosis. AB - With the development of computed cranial tomography (CCT), many physicians have come to rely on this technique as their sole means of excluding a diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma. In our series of 237 patients with acoustic tumors, 29% of tumors were not detected by CCT. New thin-section scanners improve this detection rate. Tumors within the internal auditory canal, however, will not be detected without special techniques. We recommend that contrast studies of the posterior fossa be employed to exclude definitely the diagnosis of acoustic tumor when one is suspected. PMID- 6971949 TI - The effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on the slow inward current of bullfrog atrium. AB - The effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the isometric contraction, membrane potential, and membrane current of isolated bullfrog (Rama catesbeiana) atrium was investigated. 5-HT depressed the isometric contraction and this negative inotropism was atropine-resistant. 5-HT reduced both peak amplitude and duration of the action potential, but caused no detectable changes in the resting membrane potential and membrane input resistance. The final, or "secondary depolarization phase"1) in the rising phase of the action potential was found to be selectively depressed by 5-HT. These inhibitory effects on the action potential was also atropine-resistant. A single sucrose-gap voltage-clamp experiment revealed that 5 HT caused a reduction of the slow inward (Ca++/Na+) current. The membrane slope conductance near the resting membrane potential and the degree of activation of the of the time-dependent potassium current showed no detectable change in the presence of 5-HT. It was concluded on the basis of the present results that 5-HT directly controlled the action potential by selectively depressing the slow inward (Ca++/Na+) current. This may be responsible for the negative inotropic effect of 5-HT on bullfrog atrium. PMID- 6971951 TI - [The study on the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of the serum IgG from sarcoidosis patients on the E-rosette formation of normal T-cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971946 TI - Cross-sectional study of a community with exceptional exposure to DDT. AB - The geometric mean level of total DDT in serum samples (76.2 ng/mL) from 499 persons living downstream from a defunct DDT-manufacturing plant was several times the national geometric mean (15.0 ng/mL). DDE isomers, metabolites of DDT, accounted for an average of 86.7% of total DDT. Total DDT levels increased with age, even when controlled for other independent variables also significantly associated with DDT: race, sex, fish consumption, years of residence, socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, and serum triglyceride levels. Fish consumption, the second strongest determinant of DDT level, had one third the predictive power of age. Total DDT levels were not associated with specific illness or ill health. However, total DDT levels were positively associated with levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The finding that serum DDE levels increase with age suggests that no equilibrium in body burden has been reached or that pharmacokinetics or serum/adipose partition may vary with age. PMID- 6971952 TI - [A case report of reoperation for late stenosis of aorto-coronary bypass graft (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971953 TI - Pathology of experimental atherosclerosis: changes of acute phase in rats loaded with vitamin D2 and cholesterol. PMID- 6971955 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in acute pancreatitis in childhood]. PMID- 6971954 TI - [Profuse intraintestinal hemorrhage from an appendiceal carcinoid]. PMID- 6971956 TI - [Comparative investigation of the mesoptometer and the nyktometer (author's transl)]. AB - Mesopic vision and sensitivity to glare were measured in 31 patients, using the Nyktometer and the Mesoptometer, which work on different principles. The results obtained with the two devices were remarkably similar. PMID- 6971957 TI - [Normal values of IgA, IgG, IgM, a1-antitrypsin, C2-complement, C4-complement, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and transferrin in serum of healthy, matured newborns and comparison with adults. Method: kinetic nephelometry. (author's transl)]. AB - Concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, a1-antitrypsin, C3-complement, C4-complement, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and transferrin were determined by the kinetic nephelometric method in fasting blood serum of 88 healthy, matured newborns (male=46, female=42) and of 50 healthy adults (male=12, female=38). The age specific comparison showed that all the nine examined proteins had significantly lower levels in the group of newborns. Sex specific differences were not detected in the group of newborns. PMID- 6971958 TI - [Disturbances of coagulation following high-dosage methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue in patients with osteogenous sarcoma. (author's transl)]. PMID- 6971959 TI - Mechanism of potentiation of experimental Haemophilus influenzae type B disease in infant rats by influenza A virus. AB - Intranasal infection of infant rats by virulent influenza A virus increases the frequency and magnitude of bacteremia induced by subsequent atraumatic intranasal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIb). The mechanism of the "potentiating" effect was studied by histology, by measurement of the frequency and kinetics of bacteremia in rats preinoculated with virus, or a chemical irritant (0.1 N HCl), by comparison of the latter with physically "traumatic" bacterial inoculation, and correlation of these data with nasal HIb titers. Both virus and acid induced significant nasal inflammation which progressed following bacterial inoculation. A period of intranasal proliferation of HIb preceded bacteremia in rats preinoculated with either virus or acid. In contrast, bacteremia occurred almost immediately following physically traumatic bacterial inoculation suggesting that direct intravascular invasion had occurred under those circumstances. Repeated atraumatic inoculation of HIb or HIb followed by growth medium both produced a significantly increased frequently of bacteremia compared to a single inoculation, suggesting that the prolonged presence of large numbers of intranasal HIb was a factor in producing bacteremia and that virus or acid-induced mucosal inflammation may lead to elaboration of growth factors for HIb in nasal tissues. PMID- 6971960 TI - High-affinity steroid binding to rat testis 17 alpha-hydroxylase and human placental aromatase. PMID- 6971961 TI - Activation of T lymphocytes by the Fc portion of immunoglobulin. AB - T lymphocytes are stimulated to release T-cell-replacing factors in response to Fc fragments of human IgG, Lyt 1+23- T cells are directly triggered to factor production by Fc subfragments, derived from intact Fc fragments by macrophage dependent enzymatic cleavage. These factor(s) replace T cell function in two Fc mediated immune responses; induction of polyclonal antibody synthesis, and potentiation of anti-SRBC responses. PMID- 6971962 TI - Long-term maintenance of "cloned" human PLT cells in TCGF with LCL cells as a feeder layer. AB - The long-term maintenance of T cells "cloned" by limiting dilution in TCGF was enhanced by the use of irradiated autologous lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) cells as well as irradiated LCL cells of the individual to which the T cells were originally primed. It was possible to obtain more than 1 X 10(12) cells from a "clone" seeded at one cell per well. Some of the clones tested express primed LD typing activity. PMID- 6971965 TI - Improved long-term survival following myocardial revascularization in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. AB - The natural history of patients with coronary artery disease associated with poor left ventricular (LV) function is dismal. This report analyzes the efficacy of myocardial revascularization in this subset of patients with coronary artery disease manifesting severe LV dysfunction on the basis of LV angiography, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). For the 2 1/2 year period ending November, 1977, 59 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease complicated by severe LV dysfunction underwent aorta coronary bypass at the University of Western Ontario. All patients had angina refractory to medical therapy. Objective criteria for compromised LV function included the presence of three or more dysfunctional (hypokinetic of akinetic) segments on biplane LV angiography. Eighty-three percent (49/59) of patients had triple-vessel coronary artery disease. The mean LVEF for the series was 0.28 and the mean LVEDP was 18 mm Hg. The duration of follow-up was 24 to 60 months (mean 37 months), with follow-up survival data available on 100% of patients. The hospital mortality was 1.7% (1/59), and there were nine late deaths. The 5 year actuarial survival rate (+/- SEM) was 80% +/- 6%. Of the 44 long-term survivors available for direct assessment, 98% (43/44) report improvement with respect to angina and 66% (29/44) are totally asymptomatic. Eighty percent (28/35) of the long-term survivors under the age of 65 years are currently employed. These results indicate that myocardial revascularization can be performed in patients with severe ischemic LV dysfunction at very low risk and, further, that operation results in a dramatic improvement in survival expectations compared with optimal medical therapy. PMID- 6971964 TI - A simple and sensitive force transducer suitable for measuring tensions in small muscle fibers. AB - The design and fabrication of a simple tension force transducer, sensitive enough to measure tensions of individual and fine bundles of muscle fibers, is described. The transducer is capable of accurately measuring tensions as little as 0.5 dynes along the longitudinal axis of fibers. The response of the transducer is linear within the range of 0.5 to 500 dynes. Examples of its use and small crustacean striated and vertebrate cardiac muscle fibers are presented. PMID- 6971963 TI - An in vitro assay for T lymphocyte progenitors (CFU-pre T). AB - Thy-1.2 negative progenitors give rise to Thy-1.2 positive colony cells when mouse bone marrow is cultured in vitro. The bone marrow cells are immobilized in a viscous medium containing methyl cellulose; discrete colonies are identifiable at 2 days and contain 30-60 cells by day 3 of culture. Colonies are tightly packed spheres (raspberries) and grow suspended in the gel. Growth of the raspberry colonies is absolutely dependent upon the presence of the appropriate serum (horse or human; not fetal calf) and conditioned medium from pokeweed mitogen-stimulated mouse spleen cells. As little as 0.1% of the conditioned medium is sufficient to promote raspberry colony growth. Under these conditions, nude mouse bone marrow yields as many colonies (1 per 1,000 nucleated cells plated) as normal marrow. Thymus, lymph node; and spleen (normal or nude) do not form colonies. Colony precursors are predominantly in S phase of the cell cycle, as determined by tritiated thymidine suicide of fresh bone marrow. Their numbers fall with age. Because the cells in colonies are Thy-1 positive, peanut agglutinin-positive, and active in a pre-T cell synergy assay, we conclude that their precursors are early committed T cell progenitors, and propose that the be called CFU-pre T. PMID- 6971966 TI - Early and late patency of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts in aorta-coronary bypass. AB - Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Gore-Tex) grafts were used in 16 patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing aorta-coronary bypass graft operations. PTFE was used only when insufficient suitable vein was available. A total of 27 grafts were inserted in 16 patients. Eighteen grafts (in 11 patients) were studied in the early (3 months) postoperative period. Eleven were patent. Nine expanded PTFE grafts in six patients were restudied between 12 and 29 months after insertion. Six were patent. Factors affecting graft patency were similar to those governing patency of vein grafts. There was a high incidence of complications, but the patients constituted a poor-risk group. It is reasonable to use expanded PTFE grafts when insufficient vein is available. Such grafts can remain patent and functional for at least 2 years. PMID- 6971967 TI - Kinetics and sites of sequestration of indium 111-labeled human platelets during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - A new approach for the study of the kinetics and quantification of the in vivo and ex vivo sites of sequestration of platelets during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is described. Autologous platelets of four patients were labeled with 111In oxine and reinfused on the day prior to CPB for coronary artery bypass grafting. Changes in blood 111In-labeled platelet radioactivity and blood platelet counts were monitored during the operation. In vivo 111In-labeled platelet redistribution was quantified with a scintillation camera and a computer-assisted imaging system before and after CPB. Sequestration of 111In-labeled platelets in the bubble oxygenator was measured. 111In-labeled platelet activity in the blood decreased by 46% +/- 5% within 5 minutes of CPB, but this decrease was mostly due to hemodilution; the true loss of platelets from the circulation was 13% +/- 4%. Intraoperatively, whole body 111In activity decreased by oxygenator 10.8% +/- 1.3% of administered platelets were sequestered, especially in the innermost active layers of the defoaming mesh of the bubble oxygenator. Mean survival time of circulating platelets was 58 +/- 8 hours and fitted an exponential function best. The bleeding time increased to 40 minutes during operation and returned to normal within 24 hours. During operation 111In-labeled platelets accumulated somewhat in the liver (10.7%) but not in the spleen, thorax, or head. In the 48 hours after operation, platelets were sequestered mainly in the liver. The scintillation camera with computer-assisted imaging allows in vivo quantitative studies of platelet kinetics of a type which has not been possible with previous techniques. PMID- 6971968 TI - Studies on eosinophil colonies grown from leukaemic and non leukaemic patients. PMID- 6971969 TI - Suppression of normal granulopoiesis in vitro by a leukemia associated inhibitor (LAI) derived from a human promyelocytic cell line [HL-60]. PMID- 6971971 TI - Leukemia of T-helper lymphocytes: clinical and functional features. PMID- 6971973 TI - Endoscopic gastric polypectomies. AB - Results of 48 consecutive endoscopic gastric polypectomies were reviewed. The most frequent complaint initiating diagnostic workup was epigastric discomfort. Hyperplastic polyps predominated, followed by adenomatous polyps, carcinoids, and other. Two adenomatous polyps contained foci of in situ malignant change. The low incidence of malignant change in adenomatous polyps (17%) can be accounted for by the smaller size (mean 1.4 cm) than that in other reports. No malignancy was found in or in conjunction with hyperplastic site (two) and poor patient compliance (one)--and no deaths. Endoscopic gastric polypectomy has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective therapy for gastric polyps. For adenomatous gastric polyps, endoscopic removal when the polyp is less than 2 cm in diameter will yield a low incidence of malignant change. PMID- 6971972 TI - [Management of typhoid fever using an injectable trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole solution]. PMID- 6971970 TI - Chronic T-cell leukemias. I. Morphology, cytochemistry and ultrastructure. PMID- 6971974 TI - Factors affecting trauma center utilization in Illinois. AB - The Illinois Trauma System has served as a prototype for many of the advanced emergency medical services systems developed during the past decade. The Illinois Trauma Study uses a cross-sectional research design to assess the trauma patient utilization patterns at hospitals in Illinois. Data were collected from 33 Trauma Centers and 43 nonsystem hospitals for the time interval July 1973-June 1974. Results indicated that 45.5 per cent of patients admitted with specified trauma conditions were hospitalized at Trauma Centers. When adjustment is made for differences in the size of hospitals, a 50 per cent excess in patient capture is found at Trauma Centers. This excess utilization found in Trauma Centers for this sample of trauma victims was not found among all patients admitted to these hospitals. Factors found to be associated with high Trauma Center use are race (high use among nonwhites), injury severity, evening admission to hospital and vehicular injury. Also, approximately two thirds of trauma patients that were admitted to intensive care units or transferred from other hospitals were hospitalized at Trauma Centers. PMID- 6971975 TI - Improving the consistency with which investigations are requested. AB - The study shows how a computer-based prompt system improved the frequency with which a set of routine laboratory investigations were ordered. In the first study the number of tests not ordered fell from 68 to 16, and in a second study from 130 to 19. PMID- 6971976 TI - [Immunological aspects of infantile tonsilloadenoidectomy (T&A) (author's transl)]. AB - Authors studying the frequency of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) have found three times more operations in their country than in the U.S.A. The indication for operation is given by the general practitioner and pediatrician without previous sufficiently long treatment of the underlying disease. The cytological analyses of tonsillar tissues showed a highly active transformation and differentiation of immunologically competent cells and the phagocytes. A close negative correlation between the percentage of the immunologically competent cells and a close positive correlation between the percentage of phagocytes and the frequency of tonsillitis was calculated. The volume, consistency and adhesion of tonsils do not block the highly active transformation and differentiation of the lymphocytes in the tonsillar tissue. The percentage of T-lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher in hypertrophic tonsils, representing a mean value of the percentage of T-lymphocytes in the tonsils of 31 children. Furthermore, in the tonsils with adhesions there was a statistically significant higher percentage of B lymphocytes then in the tonsils which were free from adhesions. PMID- 6971977 TI - [The auditory, somatosensory and visual evoked potentials in the oto-neurologic diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The theory of a signal averaging system for noninvasive electro-diagnosis and the measurements of auditory, somatosensory and visual evoked responses have been explained. This diagnosis as a powerful new tool has been demonstrated in different patients with cerebellopontine angle tumor, hydrocephalus, brain stem vascular disease, encephalomyelitis and for determining the hearing threshold in infants. PMID- 6971978 TI - [Therapy of acute bleeding from esophagus varices (author's transl)]. AB - Acute bleeding from esophagus varices in portal hypertension is still a considerable therapeutic problem, and quite different approached to treatment are being followed. We use the following approach general procedures like treatment of shock, treatment of coagulation disorders etc.; emergency endoscopy; submucosal sclerosing if varices can be identified endoscopically as the source of bleeding. If bleeding cannot be stopped in this way a Sengstaken probe is applied for 4-6 hours, and after that sclerosing of the bleeding area is tried again. If bleeding does not stop at that time yet, the vena coronaria ventriculi or the venae gastricae breves are sclerosed by the transhepatic route. In almost all cases bleeding can be stopped successfully if this sequence of procedures is followed. After bleeding has been stopped, surgery establishing a portacaval shunt may be taken into account. PMID- 6971979 TI - Selective protection against the cytotoxicity of methotrexate and methotrexate poly(lysine) by thiamine pyrophosphate, heparin and leucovorin. PMID- 6971982 TI - Cultured T lymphocytes against cancer: new prospects. PMID- 6971981 TI - Slow-growing Haemophilus influenzae in chronic respiratory disease. PMID- 6971983 TI - [The treatment of bacterial infections with the newer antibiotics]. PMID- 6971986 TI - [Current views on juvenile lymphocytic thyroiditis]. PMID- 6971984 TI - [Portal vein hypertension - progress in therapy?]. PMID- 6971985 TI - CT scans of long-term survivors of various childhood malignancies. AB - Forty-two children with various systemic malignancies in continuous remission for 1 to 3 years after the completion of chemotherapy had CT scans with normal ventricular dimensions, similar to a noncancer "control" population. Seventeen of these patients had acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) treated either with prophylactic cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate [7] or intrathecal methotrexate alone [10] and the remaining 25 patients had soft tissue sarcomas. Sixteen other patients with sarcomatous meningitis had enlarged ventricles while on chemotherapy. Nine had ALL. Seven had soft tissue sarcomas, none of whom received any prior CNS irradiation or intrathecal chemotherapy. In this retrospective study no evidence of hydrocephalus or significant white matter hypodensity was detected in long-term survivors of childhood cancer, regardless of whether prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy and/or cranial irradiation was given. Direct involvement of the CNS with meningeal cancer was the most important association with ventriculomegaly. PMID- 6971987 TI - Kartagener's syndrome. PMID- 6971980 TI - AMA: "perils and promise" of marijuana require continuing attention of medicine. PMID- 6971988 TI - [Post-extraction alveolar hemorrhages: prevention and therapy]. PMID- 6971989 TI - Effects of hexamethonium and decamethonium on end-plate current parameters. PMID- 6971991 TI - Students' and physicians' knowledge of hospital charges at Mount Sinai Hospital and School of Medicine. PMID- 6971990 TI - Nonneurologic manifestations of diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 6971992 TI - Ventriculitis complicating gram negative meningitis in an adult. Diagnosis by radioisotope brain scanning and computerized cranial tomography. PMID- 6971993 TI - Dissociated sensory loss and visual evoked potentials in a patient with pernicious anemia. PMID- 6971994 TI - Molluscum contagiosum: some new histologic observations. PMID- 6971995 TI - Respiratory distress, pericarditis and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in a patient with infectious mononucleosis and Gaucher's disease. PMID- 6971996 TI - Epidural blood patch for spinal headache. PMID- 6971997 TI - Primary tuberculosis of the ileum: roentgen features. PMID- 6971999 TI - The endorectal pullthrough: surgical considerations. PMID- 6972001 TI - Massive scleral necrosis from a pseudomonas infection following scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy surgery. PMID- 6971998 TI - Bouin's solution versus formalin fixation in cutaneous histopathology. PMID- 6972003 TI - The incidence of cancer in psychiatric patients. Cancer and the emotions: a review. PMID- 6972002 TI - Pancreatic calcification and pancreatic carcinoma: the relationship reconsidered. PMID- 6972000 TI - Hyperprolactinemic disorders: an update. PMID- 6972004 TI - Serum IgE level and T-cell count in chronic dermatophytosis. PMID- 6972006 TI - Leishmaniasis and mouse genetics. PMID- 6972005 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 25-1981. PMID- 6972007 TI - Properties of postsynaptic channels induced by acetylcholine in different frog muscle fibres. AB - Skeletal muscles in the frog are composed of two distinct classes of muscle fibre: fast muscle fibres capable of propagating action potentials and twitches, and slow muscle fibres normally unable to generate action potentials or twitches. In addition, amphibian muscles contain a spectrum of 'intermediate' fibres whose structural and functional properties lie between those of fast and slow fibres. Much is now known about the characteristics of the channels opened by the transmitter acetylcholine (ACh) acting on the membrane of fast fibres, but the molecular action of ACh on the other fibre types is only poorly understood. We report here the existence of a muscle in the mandibular arch of the frog in which most, if not all, the fibres are multiply innervated and are capable of eliciting action potentials. We also report that the channels induced by the transmitter on the synaptic membrane of fast, slow and submaxillaris muscle fibres differ in their lifetimes and conductances. PMID- 6972008 TI - Nuclear sodium and potassium. PMID- 6972009 TI - Inducer T lymphocytes synthesize a factor that stimulates proliferation of cloned mast cells. PMID- 6972010 TI - [An unusual cause of hemorrhagic diathesis]. PMID- 6972011 TI - Visibility of the temporal horns on computed tomography. AB - The Polaroid pictures of computed tomographic examinations in 557 consecutive cases without visible temporal horns and 401 cases with temporal horns were examined. The most probable diagnosis of the patients are stated. Bilateral widening of the temporal horns was seen in cases with hydrocephalus of different causes. Widening of only one of the temporal horns was seen in cases with a unilateral mass, regional atrophy and of the temporal horn. Extremely small temporal horns may be visible on a normal examination. PMID- 6972012 TI - Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: normal unstimulated state. AB - Positron computed tomography (PCT) and F-18 2-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) were used to study the living human brain in coronal and transverse sections. Scans taken at 1-cm intervals in both directions clearly delineated the cerebral substructures (e.g., cortical areas, basal ganglia, internal capsule, and cerebellum). A compartmental model was used to calculate local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose from the images. Values agreed well with previous global and local human values and demonstrated metabolic symmetry of the left and right hemispheres at rest. Baseline anatomic maps such as these are a necessary prelude to the study of human brain metabolism in stimulated and pathologic states. PMID- 6972014 TI - Metastasis to the base of the skull: clinical findings in 43 patients. AB - We studied 43 patients with metastases to the base of the skull to determine whether clinical symptoms localized the lesions accurately. We identified five clinical syndromes: orbital, parasellar, middle fossa, jugular foramen, and occipital condyle. The orbital and parasellar syndromes were characterized by frontal headache, diplopia, and first-division trigeminal sensory loss. Proptosis occurred with the orbital but not the parasellar syndrome. The middle-fossa syndrome was characterized by facial pain or numbness. The jugular foramen syndrome was characterized by hoarseness and dysphagia, with paralysis of the ninth through eleventh cranial nerves. The occipital condyle syndrome was characterized by unilateral occipital pain and unilateral tongue paralysis. PMID- 6972013 TI - Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism visual stimulation and deprivation. AB - Positron computed tomography was used to investigate changes in the local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (LCMRGlc) of the visual cortex. Progressive increases in LCMRGlc were found from eyes-closed control to stimulation with white light, alternating black/white checkerboard pattern, and a complex visual scene of a park, with the associative visual cortex increasing at a faster rate than the primary visual cortex as the visual scene complexity increased. A graded decrease in LCMRGlc of the visual cortex was found with a stepwise deletion of spontaneous cell firing at the retinal, geniculate and cortical level due to lesions. Left/right metabolic symmetry of the visual cortex during monocular stimulation confirms 50% crossing of the human visual system. Neonatal blindness showed no apparent degeneration of the visual cortex and was equivalent to eyes closed controls. The interictal state of a patient with visual seizures demonstrated a hypometabolic visual cortex with a 2.5-fold increase in metabolism during an ictal visual hallucination. PMID- 6972015 TI - Lateral and third-ventricular CSF formation after metrizamide CT ventriculography. AB - We calculated the rates of lateral and third-ventricular (LTV) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation in three patients undergoing metrizamide computed tomography (CT) ventriculography with reference to Ct estimates of ventricular volume and the time course of LTV metrizamide washout (elimination). Elimination rate constants for metrizamide were derived from measurements of LTV metrizamide concentration on serial postventriculography CT scans, and LTV volumes were estimated by partial volume analysis. CSF formation in the combined lateral ventricles averaged 0.14 ml per minute, and third-ventricular CSF formation averaged 0.014 ml per minute. Thus, the third ventricle accounted for approximately 10% of total LTV CSF production, which accords with relative weights of choroid plexus tissue in the lateral and third ventricles. PMID- 6972016 TI - Tuberculous meningitis: E-rosette-forming T lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood fo 20 tuberculous meningitis patients were enumerated by sheep erythrocyte rosette assays. There were fewer active and total T lymphocytes in peripheral blood in patients than in controls. But patient CSF T-lymphocyte subpopulations were significantly higher than their peripheral blood values and no different proportionally from normal peripheral blood values. The results support the concept of immunologic compartmentalization of the neuraxis from the rest of the body. PMID- 6972017 TI - [Neosphincter and neostomy: new surgical technics as a function of the prospects of electrostimulation for continence. Clinical experience. Preliminary reports]. PMID- 6972018 TI - Treatment of Hemophilus vaginalis vaginitis. AB - Four antimicrobial agents (triple sulfa cream, doxycycline, ampicillin, and metronidazole) were studied by double-blind techniques to determine their effectiveness in the treatment of Hemophilus vaginalis vaginitis, documented by vaginal culture in 96 patients. Cure was confirmed by negative vaginal cultures 7 weeks after the start of therapy. Metronidazole proved to be effective in 20 of 22 couples (90.9%) treated. Sulfa cream, doxycycline, and ampicillin were effective in 47.8 to 63.6% of patients treated. PMID- 6972019 TI - [Bacterial invasion and some structural changes in the dental enamel in initial caries]. PMID- 6972020 TI - [Patient control after 5 years of a dental implantation]. PMID- 6972022 TI - [Dental pulp and root canal therapy. Fundamental concepts. Part 2]. PMID- 6972021 TI - [Transroot implantation]. PMID- 6972023 TI - [Technical exam of the resistance of dental pins to the masticatory stress]. PMID- 6972024 TI - Eye problems of the elderly. AB - The most frequent changes of the anterior eye observed in senescence include changes in refraction which may be toward the hyperopic or the myopic side and a diminished tear secretion which may lead to the sicca syndrome. The corneal endothelium often shows degenerative changes which may lead to a decompensation of the cornea and corneal edema. A senile cataract is a frequent finding in older people as is chronic open angle glaucoma. One of the most serious senile changes in macular degeneration which may lead to extremely poor central vision though the peripheral vision may still be satisfactory. A similar effect has the less frequently seen anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. PMID- 6972026 TI - Vestibular pharmacology of domperidone in rabbits and man. AB - Domperidone, administered to rabbits, is able t reduce the duration of a rotation induced nystagmus. In human volunteers a similar effect was found in a double blind study, in which single doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg were given orally. As electronystagmographic recordings were made during the rotation test at different time intervals after drug intake, the different dosages became comparable. The reduction of the nystagmus duration proved to be dose-dependent, whereas the peak velocity of the slow nystagmus component remained unchanged. The strongest effect of the drug appeared 60 min after intake, the effect lasted about 4 h. A mechanism of action different from that of cinnarizine and flunarizine is assumed because these drugs likewise influence the duration and the slow velocity component of nystagmus. PMID- 6972025 TI - [Transient retinal detachment and hyposphagma in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the T cell type (author's transl)]. AB - A 21-year-old male patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the "convoluted' T cell type and marked involvement of skin and central nervous system presented in the early stages of the disease with subconjunctival bleeding of the eyeballs and massive serious retinal detachment near the optic disc in both eyes. In addition, there was a severe disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) caused by the lymphoma. It appears that the non-haemorrhagic retinal detachment on both sides is due to a neoplastic lymphocellular infiltration with high affinity of this malignant lymphoma to the central nervous system. Treatment of the underlying disease and of DIC with rapid onset of total remission lead to resorption of the conjunctival haemorrhages and fast reduction of the retinal detachment. PMID- 6972027 TI - [The role of Haemophilus in the etiology of vulvovaginitis in children]. PMID- 6972028 TI - Treatment of acute cervical pain--a comparative group study. AB - Thirty patients with acute cervical pain were randomized into 3 groups and treated with neck collar, transcutaneous nerve stimulation, or manual therapy. The improvement was rapid in all groups, but the restoration of the cervical mobility was significantly more rapid in the transcutaneous nerve stimulation group. Some of the patients with manual therapy treatment had remarkably quick symptom reduction, although this was not significantly better than the collar alone. It is concluded that transcutaneous nerve stimulation is a valuable pain reducer and gives a more rapid restoration of cervical mobility in acute cervical pain. PMID- 6972029 TI - Benign subdural collections of infancy. AB - Four asymptomatic infants with macrocrania, abnormal transillumination, and characteristic computed tomography scans are described. All had bilateral subdural collections, normal brain size, modest ventricular enlargement, and prominent cerebral sulci and interhemispheric fissures. Although these latter findings are often interpreted as atrophy, these infants had normal development and rapidly growing heads. No treatment beyond diagnostic subdural punctures was performed. After up to 13 months of follow-up, the size of the subdural collections was either stable or decreasing in all four infants. PMID- 6972030 TI - [Current concepts in the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21 hydroxylase deficiency]. PMID- 6972031 TI - [Haemostatic embolization: possibilities and prospects. 190 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Among more than 1 100 embolizations performed by one team, 190 were for haemostatic purposes. Owing to the ever increasing availability of suitable material and trained operators, no vascular territory nowadays is unaccessible to the technique. Simultaneous identification of the lesions and control of bleeding are advantages which no longer need be demonstrated. It must be noted that haemostatic embolization can and should be used in debilitated patients with acute or chronic lesions, even in the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6972032 TI - [Angiectasis of the colon (Moore's type I angiodysplasia). One case (author's transl)]. AB - A 60-year-old man had severe, recurrent rectal haemorrhages. Arteriography showed lesions suggestive of angiodysplasia located in the initial part of the ascending colon. Right-sided hemicolectomy was performed. Angiectasis of the colon is acquired and degenerative. It affects elderly people and is due to dilatation of the veins in the mucosa of the ascending colon. The lesions are usually too small to be detected by barium enema or colonoscopy, but arteriography of the superior mesenteric artery shows pathognomonic images. The only treatment is right-sided hemicolectomy. PMID- 6972033 TI - [Interstitial pneumopathy and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in an immunosuppressed child]. PMID- 6972034 TI - [Non-epidermotropic T-cell cutaneous lymphoma and specific pulmonary localization]. PMID- 6972035 TI - Parental history and cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in children. PMID- 6972036 TI - Obesity and external sexual maturation---the Bogalusa Heart Study. PMID- 6972037 TI - [Excretion of the blastomogenic tyrosine metabolite, p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, in young children with hemoblastoses and their parents]. PMID- 6972038 TI - [Effect of thymosin on T- and B-lymphocyte marker expression in chronic lympholeukosis]. PMID- 6972040 TI - Modulation of Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced granuloma formation: I-J restriction of T cell-mediated suppression in a chronic parasitic infection. AB - Newly formed hepatic granulomas around Schistosoma mansoni eggs become progressively smaller during the chronic (greater than or equal to 15 weeks after infection) phase of the disease. This reduction in granuloma size, termed "modulation," is known to be caused in part by a T lymphocyte that can adoptively transfer modulation to 6-week-infected mice. The present study examines a possible role for the I-J locus in regulating the suppressor T lymphocyte aspects of modulation. Adoptive transfer between congeneic B10.A(3R) and B10.A(5R) mice (differing at the I-J locus) indicated that optimal suppression is dependent upon homology at the I-J locus. In vivo treatment of chronically infected mice with microliter amounts of antiserum specific for the recipient's I-J determinant blocked modulation during chronic infection and prevented adoptive transfer of suppression to 6-week-infected mice. The in vivo regimen of anti-I-J had no effect on anti-schistosomal egg antigen titers during chronic infection. These results demonstrate an I-J restriction for suppression. It appears that the suppressor T lymphocyte circuit responsible for this aspect of modulation requires an I-J positive lymphocyte. PMID- 6972039 TI - Effects of Lyt antibodies on T-cell functions: augmentation by anti-Lyt-1 as opposed to inhibition by anti-Lyt-2. AB - Monoclonal anti-Lyt-1 (alpha Lyt-1) and alpha Lyt-2 manifest inverse effects on allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions when added to the reaction mixtures without complement. alpha Lyt-1 augments cell proliferation and generation of cytotoxic cells but has no effect on cell-mediated cytolysis, whereas alpha Lyt-2 blocks cell proliferation, generation of killer cells, and cytolytic activity of killer cells. The augmenting effect of alpha Lyt-1 cannot be attributed to a direct mitogenic effect on T cells. Both inhibition by alpha Lyt-2 and potentiated by alpha Lyt-1 require interaction of responder cells with the antibodies during the first 24 hr of the mixed lymphocyte reaction, indicating that early stages of the reaction are sensitive to Lyt antibodies. The enhancing effect of alpha Lyt-1 on alloantigen-induced T-cell proliferation is associated with augmented production of T-cell growth factors. When alpha Lyt-1 is present in mixed lymphocyte cultures, the supernatant media collected after 24 or 48 hr of culture induce higher proliferation of activated T cells compared to media of mixed lymphocyte cultures incubated in the absence of antibodies or in the presence of alpha Lyt-2 which has no effect on secretion of growth factors. The differences in the effects of alpha Lyt-1 and alpha Lyt-2 could not be attributed to differences in heavy chain constant region functions because both were of the same lambda 2A immunoglobulin class and were used at the same concentration. The data suggest a possible role for Lyt-1 molecules in early activation and mitogenesis processes such as production of growth factors. PMID- 6972041 TI - Specific receptors for phorbol esters in lymphoid cell populations: role in enhanced production of T-cell growth factor. AB - Phorbol ester tumor promoters act synergistically with concanavalin A to cause production of T-cell growth factor by normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. A specific, saturable, binding component which may mediate the phorbol ester effect has been identified by using [20-3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate in a whole cell binding assay. Specific binding is maximal with 5 min at 37 or 23 degrees C but the level of bound ligand rapidly decreases to about 50% within 1 hr. At 4 degrees C, 2 hr are required to reach maximal binding, and the binding is stable for at least 20 hr. Binding is reversible at 37 and 4 degrees C with time courses similar to those for initial binding at the respective temperatures. Saturation of the specific binding occurs at a concentration (approximately 30 nM) consistent with that producing maximal T-cell growth factor activity. Scatchard analysis of the binding after 30 min at 37 degrees C demonstrates a lower Kd (9 nM) than that determined after 2 hr at 4 degrees C (22 nM). The median number of sites per cell for six donors was 2 X 10(5) (range, 1.3-4 X 10(5). Other tumor promoting phorbol esters compete for [20-3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding in approximate proportion to their activity in stimulating T-cell growth factor production. Phorbol, 4-alpha-phorbol didecanoate, dexamethasone, retinoic acid, butyric acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide do not compete for specific binding. PMID- 6972042 TI - Antigen-presenting cell function in induction of helper T cells for cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses: evidence for antigen processing. AB - We demonstrate that splenic adherent cells (SACs) play an active role in the presentation of H-2Kk antigen for an alloreactive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. If antigen is incubated with SACs for 12 hr, they will provide maximal stimulation and present the antigen in the context of their Ia molecules. UV irradiation of these SACs, prior to the 12-hr incubation with H-2Kk antigen, abrogates this stimulatory capacity. Macrophage-bound antigen is not sufficient for stimulation of a response; a second signal is required as well, that, in our system, is provided by phorbol myristic acetate. The SACs are involved in the activation of helper T cells; however, they are not required for presentation of antigen to the precytotoxic T-lymphocyte, which requires two signals for activation, one provided by antigen and the other by a T-cell-derived helper factor. PMID- 6972043 TI - T cells respond preferentially to antigens that are similar to self H-2. AB - We have constructed bone marrow irradiation chimeras to investigate the influence of self antigens on the specificity of the T lymphocyte receptor repertoire. Bone marrow cells from (A X B)F1 mice heterozygous for the major histocompatibility genes were allowed to mature into T cells in irradiated parent A or parent B strains. More than 8 weeks after irradiation, when the lymphoid system had regenerated from the F1 stem cells, the degree of T cell reactivity to mutant major histocompatibility antigens, A', was assessed. It was found that T cells that had matured in the irradiated A mice, [F1 leads to A] chimeras, responded better to A' antigen than did T cells from the [F1 leads to B] chimeras. Because the mutant histocompatibility antigen A' is very similar in structure to A, differing only by one or a few residues, this suggests that the T cell repertoire in [F1 leads to parent] chimeras reacts preferentially with foreign antigens that are slight variants of the self antigens expressed on radiation-resistant cells- probably cells in the thymus. PMID- 6972044 TI - Antigen-specific human T-cell clones: development of clones requiring HLA-DR compatible presenting cells for stimulation in presence of antigen. AB - A method for cloning soluble antigen-specific proliferating human T lymphocytes directly from peripheral blood cells of individuals recently primed with the antigen is described. The soluble antigen was keyhole limpet hemocyanin. After expansion in liquid culture, these cells were shown to be antigen specific and to require HLA-DR-histocompatible presenting cells. Recloning of small numbers of these cells in soft agar under conditions of high plating efficiency yielded true clones (i.e., derived from a single cell) which retained specificity for the original stimulating antigen as shown by blastogenic responses measured by incorporation of [3H]thymidine. However, antigen-specific stimulation of clones was demonstrated only in the presence of an HLA-DR-compatible cooperating cell population together with the relevant antigen. Cells that manifested only HLA-A or B locus identity with the T-cell clone were not effective as presenting cells. Other antigens, such as tetanus toxoid, to which the donor of the clone or of the presenting cells was immune failed to stimulate the clone. PMID- 6972045 TI - Synaptic localization of alpha-bungarotoxin binding which blocks nicotinic transmission at frog sympathetic neurons. AB - Sympathetic neurons receive direct synaptic input from cholinergic terminal boutons of preganglionic nerve fibers. The distribution of acetylcholine receptors at these synapses is not precisely known. This study shows that alpha bungarotoxin, which binds specifically to nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle, also may be useful for localizing postsynaptic nicotinic receptors on principal neurons in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia of the bullfrog. alpha Bungarotoxin (1-5 microM) produces a block of nicotinic (fast) excitatory postsynaptic potentials that is fully reversed after 5-8 hr of washing. Dihydro beta-erythroidine, a nicotinic antagonist, reduces the half-time of recovery from the toxin block to one-third of the control value, presumably by competing for the same receptor sites. Furthermore, the response to applied carbachol is reduced by the toxin, indicating that the block of synaptic transmission is due to a decreased response of the postsynaptic membrane. Peroxidase-labeled alpha bungarotoxin is localized to small (0.2- to 0.5-micrometers diameter) patches beneath synaptic boutons. Peroxidase reaction product is restricted to regions of the synaptic cleft just opposite the active zones of the presynaptic terminal. In addition, peroxidase-labeled antibodies against Torpedo acetylcholine receptor bind exclusively to these same synaptic regions; evidently these patches are the areas at which nicotinic receptors are concentrated at synaptic contacts on sympathetic neurons. PMID- 6972046 TI - Macrophage tumor cells can help to cure murine lymphoma. PMID- 6972047 TI - Psychophysical mapping of reward system operating characteristics: utility transforms of stimulation duration. PMID- 6972048 TI - Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Azadirachta indica. PMID- 6972049 TI - Studies on the role of serotonin in avoidance learning [proceedings]. PMID- 6972052 TI - [The expansive developments of the liver on the evaluation with CT (author's transl)]. AB - The authors refer their experience about 319 cases of hepatic disease studied on CT, reporting some statistics on diagnostic sensibility and accuracy of CT. They illustrate some useful criteria on the evaluation of the CT pictures. PMID- 6972053 TI - [Arteriovenous oximetric study in portal hypertension syndrome due to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 6972050 TI - Radiologist's guide to the use of the laboratory in diagnosing rheumatic diseases. AB - Laboratory tests that are commonly used in the evaluation of rheumatic diseases are described. The techniques for performing these tests; their use in screening, diagnosis, and follow-up; and the pitfalls in interpreting their results are discussed to provide the radiologist with an understanding of the current technology relating to rheumatic disorders. PMID- 6972054 TI - [Active non-specific immunotherapy in the treatment of colonic and rectal cancer]. PMID- 6972051 TI - Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiology of hepatitis B in Senegal. PMID- 6972055 TI - [Sclerosing mesenteritis in a child. Report of a case]. PMID- 6972056 TI - [Gardner-Diamond's purpura caused by auto-erythrocyte sensitization. Study of a case and review of the bibliography]. PMID- 6972058 TI - [Surgical treatment of advanced megaesophagus by sub-total esophagectomy by cervico-abdominal route without thoracotomy with incision of the diaphragm]. PMID- 6972059 TI - [Chronic prostatovesiculitis and sterility]. PMID- 6972061 TI - [Medical geography. The anamnesis as its instrument]. PMID- 6972057 TI - [Digital amputation neuromas]. PMID- 6972060 TI - [Surgical staging of Hodgkin's disease: technic]. PMID- 6972063 TI - [Radiologic study of the arterial vascularization of the terminal ileum]. PMID- 6972062 TI - [Glomerular deposit of Australian antigen (HBsAg) in nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6972064 TI - [Microsurgery in the repair of the Fallopian oviducts. An experimental study]. PMID- 6972065 TI - [Indications and results of bilateral adrenalectomy in advanced breast cancer]. PMID- 6972066 TI - [Papilloma of the duodenal papilla. Report of a case]. PMID- 6972067 TI - [Agranulocytosis induced by levamisole]. PMID- 6972070 TI - One or several thymic hormones? AB - Four main thymic preparations have been reported in the literature: thymosin, thymopoietin, thymic humoral factor (THF), and serum thymic factor (FTS). Their possible relationships are discussed with reference to their chemical characteristics and their main biologic features. PMID- 6972069 TI - [Renal tuberculosis with a fistulous tract to the skin in the coxofemoral joint region]. PMID- 6972068 TI - [Facial tumors. Fibrosarcoma of the mandible. Study of 2 cases]. PMID- 6972072 TI - Differences in chemotherapeutic susceptibility of human T-, B-, and non-T-/non-B lymphocytes in culture. AB - Eleven human lymphoid cell lines, two T-cell lines, six B-cell lines and three non-T-/non-B-cell lines were evaluated for their asparagine dependence and for their chemotherapeutic susceptibility to asparaginase, cytosine arabinoside (ara C), and 5-fluorouracil (FU). Two T-cell lines were asparagine dependent, whereas all B-cell and non-T-/non-B-cell lines were asparagine independent. These differences in nutritional requirements were consistent with as much as 5,000 fold differences in asparaginase sensitivity. B cells were found to be as much as 200-fold less sensitive to ara-C than T cells, irrespective of the benign or malignant nature of the cells or the presence or absence of EB virus infection. One non-T-/non-B-cell line with cell markers similar to the B-cell group behaved like a B-cell line. Two other non-T-/non-B-cells showed unique ara-C dose response curves. FU sensitivity study revealed heterogeneity among B-cell groups. Non-T-/non-B-cell lines were uniformly FU insensitive. These differences in chemotherapeutic susceptibility were discussed in terms of usefulness as an in vitro model. PMID- 6972071 TI - Lynestrenol: a progesteronelike agent with immunostimulatory properties. AB - Lynestrenol, a synthetic progesteronelike drug, was assessed for its influence upon human leukocyte tests in vitro and in vivo. Lynestrenol markedly enhanced the lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin, the mixed lymphocyte culture, the active T-rosette test, the autologous red cell rosettes, and the number of nonadherent cells in the leukocyte adherence inhibition test. All these results indicate a stimulatory effect upon human T-cell function. Lynestrenol also increased monocyte phagocytosis. Lynestrenol delayed the appearance of malignant tumors in hamsters. Finally, lynestrenol, given to lung cancer patients, increased their T-cell functions as evaluated by skin tests. T-cell rosettes, and phytohemagglutinin response. Lynestrenol does possess immunostimulatory properties. PMID- 6972073 TI - [Acute vestibular paralysis: pathogenic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6972076 TI - [Circulating immune complexes and anti-IgG antibodies in rheumatoid disease. Value of C3d assay]. PMID- 6972075 TI - [Value of the determination of C3d and the hemolytic activity of C4 (C4H) during systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6972077 TI - [Hypereosinophilia and malignancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972074 TI - Transcochlear approach to lesions of the cerebellopontine angle and clivus. PMID- 6972078 TI - [Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Present and future (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972080 TI - The behaviour of T and B lymphocytes during the acute phase of viral hepatitis with positive or negative HBsAg. PMID- 6972079 TI - [The value of colonoscopy in low digestive hemorrhages of unexplained cause: analysis of 132 patients]. PMID- 6972082 TI - Effect of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin on a gingival hyperplasia development. PMID- 6972081 TI - Prospects of the laboratory diagnosis of intrauterine foetal distress. PMID- 6972083 TI - Levamisole therapy for HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease. AB - Eight subjects with HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease received levamisole therapy continuously for 6 to 8 weeks. Depressed T-lymphocyte concentrations, found in all patients before therapy, transiently returned towards normal. All of the three patients who had normal delayed hypersensitivity responses before treatment showed an acute hepatitic reaction manifested by elevation of serum aspartate transaminase (AsT) and HBsAg levels, with transient cell-mediated immunity to HBsAg. This was interpreted as indicating increased lysis of infected hepatocytes. All of the five anergic patients showed no change in AsT or HBsAg levels. The clinical features and hepatic histology were unchanged. In patients with the capacity to mount normal delayed hypersensitivity responses, levamisole enhanced the cell-mediated response to HBsAg, and there was increased lysis of infected cells. Nevertheless, this treatment failed to eradicate the virus, as all patients remained HBsAg-positive. PMID- 6972085 TI - Acute treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices. A retrospective study of 88 patients. AB - The records of 88 patients bleeding 140 times from oesophageal varices were retrospectively evaluated. The treatment consisted mainly of intravenous vasopressin and balloon tamponade. Percutaneous transhepatic and transoesophageal sclerotherapy were used as additional treatments. Acute operation was avoided as long as possible. With this conservative attitude the hospital mortality was 24%. A high mortality was correlated with low serum albumin, initial unconsciousness, high blood transfusion demand, and alcoholism. The first bleeding episode of the patient had a higher mortality than the following ones. Our experience with a conservative attitude in stopping bleeding from oesophageal varices has made it possible to construct an outline for treatment which can be followed in most of these patients. PMID- 6972084 TI - Studies on recovery and variation of pancreatic juice obtained by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct in man. AB - Recovery of pancreatic juice was studied by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct, using a double-lumen catheter and infusion of a marker solution (57Co-labeled vitamin B12) into the pancreatic duct. Juice was collected by siphonage. Tracer amounts of 91Cr were infused into the duodenum through a separate catheter attached to the outside of the duodenoscope to determine contamination of duodenal juice. The recovery of the infused marker into the pancreatic duct was poor during the first 15 min of the study, probably because the volume infused merely filled the pancreatic ducts. After this initial period the recovery was slightly less than or exceeded the amount of marker infused per 5-min period. The overall recovery of infused marker was 84% (range 78%--96%). It is concluded that only small amounts of pancreatic juice will leak through the papilla of Vater during endoscopic cannulation under the conditions of this study. The variations in flow rate and concentrations of bicarbonate, amylase, and protein from time to time were studied. Unstimulated and bile-induced flow rate and protein secretion varied considerably within and between subjects. Less marked were the variations of concentrations of bicarbonate and amylase. It is suggested that the large variation may be physiological. PMID- 6972087 TI - Chromosome studies in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). AB - Chromosome banding studies of the bone marrow were performed in 35 adult (greater than 14 years) patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Surface marker analysis was done in 24 of these and revealed 4 B-ALL, 5 T-ALL and 15 non-T non-B ALL. Most patients were studied at diagnosis before any treatment. A clonal karyotypic abnormality was found in 16 patients (46 %) initially. A Philadelphia chromosome was found in 3 patients, all belonging to the non-T non-B group. 5 patients, who all had blast cells with morphologic characteristics of Burkitt type L, were found to have bone marrow cells with a 14q + marker chromosome. In at least 4 cases this was due to a t(8;14). The cytogenetic findings showed some correlation to the ALL subgroup, but not to the response to treatment or the prognosis. PMID- 6972086 TI - Human lymphocyte and mouse erythrocyte rosettes. Optimization of the assay. AB - Rosettes formed between lymphocytes and unsensitized mouse erythrocytes not only detect a subset of normal b-lymphocytes, but furthermore seem to be of considerable importance in the differential diagnosis of various B cell malignancies. From a series of experiments aimed at optimizing this rosette test, we conclude: (1) Erythrocytes from different mouse strains vary in their affinity for lymphocytes; (2) Experimental conditions are less strict when testing chronic lymphatic leukaemia lymphocytes than normal lymphocytes; (3) Treatment with the sulphydryl compound aminoethyl-isothiouronium bromide, which enhances sheep erythrocyte rosette formation, has an opposite effect on mouse rosettes, and (4) Neuraminidase treatment of the lymphocytes is not necessary when optimal experimental conditions are used. PMID- 6972088 TI - A single major pathway of T-lymphocyte interactions in antigen-specific immune suppression. PMID- 6972089 TI - Thymus cells suppress the in vitro cytotoxic response against trinitrophenyl (TNP) modified syngeneic cells. AB - The regulatory role of adult thymocytes in the in vitro cytotoxic cell formation against TNP-coupled syngeneic spleen cells was studied. Thymocytes are known to amplify the cytoxic response of lymph node cells against allogeneic cells. This kind of synergism was not found in the response against TNP-coupled cells; on the contrary, thymocytes had a clear suppressive effect. Thymocytes inducing this suppression must be present already at the beginning of the in vitro response. Mitotically blocked (mitomycin-C treated) thymocytes but not heat killed or lysed cells were also capable to suppress anti-TNP cytotoxicity. PMID- 6972090 TI - Exposure to organic solvents. A cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation on occupationally exposed care and industrial spray painters with special reference to the nervous system. AB - In the present epidemiologic study 80 car or industrial spray painters with long term low level exposure to organic solvents were examined and compared with two matched reference groups of nonexposed industrial workers (80 persons in each group). The aim of the study was to investigate the possible effects of the solvent exposure on health. The investigation included psychiatric interviews, psychometric tests, neurological, neurophysiological and ophthalmologic examinations, and computed tomography of the brain. The painters' previous and present exposure was carefully assessed by interviews and on-the-job measurements both at modern places of work and in a reconstructed model of a workshop from 1955. On the basis of the psychiatric interviews the psychiatric symptoms were rated according to a specially designed scale of 46 different items, graded in seven steps of increasing severity. The psychological performance was assessed by a battery of 18 tests. The neurological and neurophysiological examinations comprised visual evoked responses (VER), electroencephalography (EEG), and computerized EEG analysis (SPA) for the central nervous system and electroneurography (ENeG), the estimation of vibration sense thresholds, and a quantified neurological examination for the peripheral nervous system. The ophthamologic examination concentrated on the condition of the lens. Statistically significant differences between the exposed individuals and referents were found for psychiatric items indicative of a slight cerebral lesion (ie, a neurasthenic syndrome). The psychometric tests revealed statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to reaction time, manual dexterity, perceptual speed, and short-term memory. No differences were found with respect to performance on verbal, spatial, and reasoning tests. Significant differences between the groups were also found for the majority of the neurophysiological parameters measuring peripheral nerve functions, the most pronounced occurring in the long, sensory fibers. Moreover EEG and VER showed some differences between the groups, as did the results of the ophthalmologic examination and the computed tomography. Finally, it should be emphasized that the exposure levels, as measured at modern places of work and in the reconstructed workshop from 1955, were found to be considerably lower than the valid threshold limit values in Sweden. PMID- 6972092 TI - Special characteristics and potential for radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography. PMID- 6972091 TI - Special characteristics and potential for dynamic function studies with PET. AB - The possibility of utilizing the PET approach to the investigation of dynamic physiologic processes has not been limited so far by radiation exposure to the patient but rather considerations by the technical limitations of PET imaging devices. In the past few years, several PET designs have been optimized specifically for fast dynamic studies. The most recent of these designs incorporates cesium fluoride detectors to achieve high counting rate capabilities. At this time, the value of fast dynamic studies with PET can be only theorized but expectations for the modality rest on solid physiologic hypotheses. The incorporation of time-of-flight information into the PET reconstruction process promises to further enhance the capabilities of fast PET devices by the improvement of temporal resolution through signal-to-noise ratio increase. PET devices incorporating time-of-flight information are beyond the drawing board stage and are now under construction. PMID- 6972094 TI - Positron computed tomography studies of cerebral glucose metabolism in man: theory and application in nuclear medicine. AB - The capability of positron computed tomography (PCT) to delineate the substructures of the brain and its facility for accurately measuring the local tissue radioactivity concentration allow the application of tracer kinetic models for the study of local cerebral function in man. This principle and an adaptation of the 14C-deoxyglucose (DG) model of Sokoloff et al. with 18F-2-fluoro-deoxy-D glucose (FDG) is being used at UCLA. Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, NIH, and the Massachusetts General Hospital to determine the local cerebral glucose metabolic rate (LCMRGIc) in normal man at rest and during sensory activation and the changes that occur in patients with a variety of cerebral disorders. Kinetic studies with PCT have been employed to measure the rate constants of the model in different gray and white matter structures of the brain in both normal and ischemic states. The precision of the method in normals has been shown to be about +/- 5% for 1.5-2.0 sq cm regions of the brain. Studies in normals have yielded values for hemispheric CMRGIc that are in agreement with measurement using the Kety-Schmidt technique and LCMRGIc values in agreement with values in monkeys using DG autoradiography. Studies in volunteers subjected to visual and auditory stimulation are demonstrating the potential of this technique for investigating the human brain's response to different stimuli. STudies in patients with stroke show excellent correlation between the degree, extent, and particular structures involved and the clinical symptoms. The method consistently detected hypometabolism in cortical, thalamic, and striatal tissues that were dysfunctional due to deactivation or damage but which appeared normal on x-ray CT. Studies in patients with partial epilepsy have shown hypometabolic zones that highly correlated anatomically with interictal EEG spike foci and were associated with normal x-ray CT studies in 77% of the patients studied. The studies on epilepsy at UCLA have resulted in the integration of the LCMRGIc study into the clinical workup of patients with partial epilepsy that are candidates for surgical resection of their epileptogenic focus (effective June 1979). Studies on Huntington's chorea, Parkinson's disease, aphasia, dementia, schizophrenia, and tumors are in early stage of investigation but also are providing exciting new results. Further studies are needed to determine the role of the local function information obtained with the PCT-FDG method in elucidating the basic mechanism and the potential to aid in improving the approach to medical therapy. PMID- 6972093 TI - Mapping of functional activity in brain with 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose. AB - The efficacy of using the 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (18F-DG) for measuring regional cerebral glucose utilization in man during functional activation is demonstrated. Normal male volunteers subjected to sensory stimuli (visual, auditory, tactile) exhibited focal increases in glucose metabolism in response to the stimulus. Unilateral visual hemifield stimulation caused the contralateral striate cortex to become more active metabolically than the striate cortex ipsilateral to the stimulated hemifield. Similarly, stroking of the fingers and hand of one arm with a brush produced an increase in metabolism in the contralateral postcentral gyrus compared to the homologous ipsilateral region. The auditory stimulus, which consisted of monaural listening to either a meaningful or nonmeaningful story, caused an increase in glucose metabolism in the right temporal cortex independent of which ear was stimulated. These results demonstrate that the 18F-DG technique is capable of providing functional maps in vivo in the human brain. PMID- 6972096 TI - Juxtahepatic structures causing false positive liver scintiscan. PMID- 6972095 TI - Emission computerized tomography: clinical applications. AB - Single photon emission tomography (SPET) is making its impact on the practice of clinical nuclear medicine. Special purpose and general purpose instrumentation has become available with significantly improved performance capabilities. The advantages to be expected from this new approach to noninvasive medical imaging methodology include improvement of contrast resolution of the image and the ability to quantify the information in the three-dimensional section scan. It has been shown that SPET can replace planar imaging of the brain and that it significantly improves lesion detection in the liver. Organ volume measurements can be achieved and tracer uptake parameters calculated. This field is still at its beginning. Instrumentation will change and significant improvements in reconstruction algorithms will extend the clinical usefulness of these techniques. Even if absolute measurements may not be achievable in the body, it is possible to distinguish an abnormal population from a normal one. Sequential data may then be recorded and integrated into serial treatment protocols. Progress in the labeling of clinically useful tracers with suitable radionuclides [123I, 99mTc, 197Rt, 81mKr, 111In, etc.) is needed in order to achieve further significant progress in the areas of clinical applications. PMID- 6972099 TI - Case of the spring season. PMID- 6972098 TI - Embolization in the treatment of bleeding gastroesophageal varices. PMID- 6972097 TI - Myocardial "false positive" 99mTc-pyrophosphate scintigrams. PMID- 6972100 TI - [Thallium myocardial scintigraphy: improved display by emission computed tomography with the 7-pinhole collimator]. PMID- 6972101 TI - [Comparative study of gastro-intestinal blood loss after antrafenine, aspirin and placebo in healthy volunteers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972103 TI - Decreased expression of HLA-DR antigens on peripheral blood B lymphocytes during glucocorticoid treatment. AB - In 18 patients the expression of HLA-A, B, C and -DR antigens on peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes (PBTL and PBBL) was assessed using the lymphocytotoxic microtechnique before and during glucocorticoid administration. During steroid treatment we found a significant reduction in the reactivity of PBBL to allogeneic specific anti HLA-DR antisera as well as a xenogeneic multispecific anti HLA-DR antiserum, corresponding to approx. 1-2 dilution steps. In contrast, the reactivity of both PBBL and PBTL to allogeneic anti HLA-A, B, C antisera and anti beta 2-microglobulin was unaffected during the treatment. Membrane marker studies of the isolated PBBL and PBTL showed no differences in the relative distribution of mononuclear cell subpopulations before and during treatment, which seems to exclude extravascular redistribution of particular HLA-DR positive lymphocyte or monocyte subsets during steroid administration as an explanation for the finding. Incubation of isolated normal PBBL with dexamethasone under various conditions did not affect the reactivity of these cells to anti HLA-DR antisera. Furthermore, preliminary experiments gave no indication of decreased rate of HLA-DR antigen synthesis in the presence of dexamethasone in vitro. Thus, we conclude that glucocorticoid administration in vivo decreases the expression of HLA-DR antigens on PBBL, possibly in an indirect way, the mechanism of which is still unknown. PMID- 6972102 TI - [Jaundice and hepatic hemangioma after ten years of oral contraception and recent administration of triacetyloleandomycin]. PMID- 6972105 TI - Pre-T cell lineage of hand-mirror cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was observed in a 64-year-old male patient with 50 80% hand-mirror cells in the peripheral blood and in the bone marrow. Immunologic surface marker tests indicated that the cells were non-T non-B lymphocytes; however, the addition of thymosin (fraction V) to the bone marrow cells induced the capability of mounting a positive local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR), demonstrating the pre-T-cell lineage of the hand-mirror cells in this patient. PMID- 6972104 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in human thymus: expression of IgM-Fc receptor by peanut agglutinin positive and negative thymocytes. AB - The number of cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgM (TM) and IgG (TG) has been evaluated in the human thymus. After overnight incubation the TM cells were 26.2 +/- 2.1% (mean +/- SE) in unfractionated thymus cell suspension, 23.4 +/- 3.8% in peanut agglutinin positive (PNA+) and 32.6 +/- 3.2% in PNA-negative (PNA-) fraction. PNA+ and PNA- fractions mainly consist of cortical and medullary thymocytes, respectively. The presence of TG was negligible. The fine structural features of TM cells from the thymus were very similar to those reported for TM lymphocytes from peripheral blood. In short-term culture a time-dependent increase of TM cells was observed. After 96 h of culture more than 60% of the thymocytes were shown to bear the Fc receptor of IgM. At the same time PNA+ and PNA- fractions expressed about 70% and 42% of TM cells respectively. The number of TG remained negligible. Our data indicate that in the human thymus there exists a distinct, quantitatively well-represented TM subset. Most probably, the peripheral TM cells derive from this subset which is present in both the cortex and the medulla of the thymus. Finally, the higher blastic responses to PHA exhibited by TM cells from PNA-subpopulation suggest that the most advanced intrathymic maturative step is attained by this distinct subset. PMID- 6972106 TI - Thymosin administration in autoimmune disorders. AB - Five patients with autoimmune disorders were given thymosin, fraction 5, parenterally for periods ranging from 2 to 35 mth. Four patients had systemic lupus erythematosus and the 5th had rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome. Treatment with thymosin was based on the hypothesis of a T-suppressor defect in these autoimmune disorders. Circulating T lymphocytes increased and remained above pretreatment levels in all patients. Assays for cytotoxicity, using mouse thymocytes and patients' sera, were positive initially and declined during the course of the treatment. In all patients, serum cytotoxicity levels were reduced to zero. There has been clinical improvement in 3 patients, and in 1, the disease has become stable. The evaluation of the 5th patient has been inconclusive. No ill effects related to the administration of thymosin were observed. PMID- 6972107 TI - [Microtubules in thymic lymphocytes of the opossum Didelphis marsupialis]. PMID- 6972109 TI - Antibody response after alloimmunization with heart tissue in the rat. Characterization of the alloantibodies. AB - The autoantibody component of LEW anti-DA heart homogenate serum was removed by exhaustive absorption with LEW heart, and the remaining alloantibody component assayed on DA heart homogenate target using 125I antirat immunoglobulin binding assays. The alloantibodies could be divided into two components, one present on spleen and presumably directed at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and the other present on heart but absent from spleen, liver, and kidney, and therefore defining a heart-specific alloantigen. Localization studies on frozen sections showed the antigen to be localized to the membrane and T tubular system of the myocardial cells and also to the membrane of skeletal muscle cells. Backcross studies showed that the locus coding for this heart-specific antigen appeared not to be linked to the MHC, and that the MHC was the only locus of importance for acute rejection of heart grafts in the DA to LEW combination. Thus, it was concluded that the heart-specific alloantigen was not important for acute cardiac rejection at least in the DA to LEW rat strain combination. As regards antibodies to MHC antigens, there appeared to be substantially more of these in LEW anti-DA heart graft serum when compared to LEW anti-DA heart homogenate serum, and both anti-SD (RT1.Aa) and anti-Ia (RT1.Ba) antibodies could be demonstrated in the antiheart graft serum. PMID- 6972108 TI - Temperature sensitivity within the pasteurization temperature range of prekallikrein activator in stable plasma protein solution (SPPS). PMID- 6972112 TI - [What shall we do with the numerous new anti-rheumatics?]. PMID- 6972110 TI - Detection of Ia alloantigens on phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T blast cells. AB - The expression of Ia antigens on leukoagglutinin-induced blast cells was studied using a sensitive protein A-rosetting technique and quantitative absorption with conventional and monoclonal Ia antibodies. By direct testing, 40 to 60% of CBA (Iak) blast cells were shown to be Ia+ (Iak+, Ia.17+, and Ias-), expressing both glycoprotein and glycolipid Ia.17 determinants. The strong reactivity of the Thy 1.2 and Lyt-1.1 antibodies with leukoagglutinin blast cells (85%+) suggested that most of the Ia+ cells were T cells. Absorption studies confirmed the expression of Ia antigens on blast cells and excluded the possibility that the reaction of the Iak antiserum with blast cells represented antiviral reactivity. The Ia+ rosetting and Ia--nonrosetting blast cells were separated on a Percoll density gradient and typed with monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies. Both Ia+ and Ia- populations contained at least two T cell subpopulations: one Lyt-1.1+, 2.1+ and the other Lyt-1.1+, 2.1-. These studies indicate that during activation, certain T cell subpopulations express Ia antigens not found on resting T cells and emphasize the importance of such findings in determining the role of Ia antigens in immune responses. PMID- 6972111 TI - Influence of Trypanosoma infection on the formation of E, EA, and EAC rosettes with peripheral blood lymphocytes from calves. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) from calves infected with T. brucei and T. congolense or T. congolense alone were tested for their capacity to form E, EA, and EAC rosettes. The results obtained indicate that early in the infection a slight increase in the number of T and B cells has occurred as indicated by the increase in E and EAC rosette formation. At the same time EA rosette forming cells were also increased and persisted during the whole time of the infection. The EA rosette forming cells were more likely null cells, because later in the infection neither E nor EAC rosette forming cells showed any increase. PMID- 6972113 TI - Cl- dependence of HCO3- transport in frog gastric mucosa. AB - Frog (Rana temporaria) fundic mucosae in vitro were pretreated with the histamine H2 receptor antagonist Metiamide (10(-3)M, nutrient side) until net H+ secretion had ceased and a steady rate of HCO3- transport (luminal alkalinization) was titrated. Removal of Cl- with SO4(2) or isethionate replacement from solutions bathing both sides of the mucosa abolished luminal alkalinization. Readdition of Cl- to the luminal side only reestablished full rates of HCO3- transport. Nutrient (serosal) side Cl- had no effect in this aspect. The results support the previous suggestion that the gastric HCO3- transport process is located at the luminal membrane of the surface epithelial cells and indicate that it occurs by (electroneutral) HCO3-/Cl- exchange. PMID- 6972115 TI - [Extensive resection of the small intestine in a hemophilia patient]. PMID- 6972114 TI - Preventive effect of some substances on experimental oxalic calculogenesis in the frog. AB - Rana esculenta tadpoles that are fed spinach develop an oxalic calculogenesis. The addition of cholestyramine, orthophosphate, citrate, allopurinol and tungstate to the tank water prevented calculi formation while succinimide, magnesium oxide, hydrochlorothiazide and tetracycline were ineffective. Methylene blue proved lethal to tadpoles, and its anti-lithogenic activity could not be assessed. These findings, except for the non-effectiveness of magnesium oxide, are in agreement with both the theoretical expectations and the results obtained in other experimental models. Experimental frog calculogenesis seems to be a simple and valid method for evaluating anti-lithogenic activity. PMID- 6972116 TI - [Use of diagnostic and therapeutic fiber endoscopy in the immediate postoperative period]. AB - The article is concerned with endoscopic investigations in different types of hemorrhage from the gastric mucosa, acute erosion, zone of anastomosis and in disturbed evacuation from the gastric stump and after creation of choledochoduodenal anastomoses. Typical clinical examples are described. The authors propose useful practical recommendations. PMID- 6972117 TI - [Lymphocyte count in the blood of stomach cancer patients]. AB - The content of T- and B-lymphocytes was studied in the blood of 72 patients with gastric ulcer and carcinoma. The amount of complete T- and B-lymphocytes and incomplete B-lymphocytes was found to dramatically decrease in patients with peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma with distant metastases. The authors believe that the data obtained could be used in addition to others when choosing the specific treatment of patients with gastric carcinoma in the postoperative period. PMID- 6972118 TI - [Gastric hemorrhage after the use of hormonal preparations]. PMID- 6972119 TI - [Content of trypsin and its inhibitor in the blood of children with staphylococcal destruction of the lung]. PMID- 6972122 TI - [Effect of a UHF electrical field of varying intensity on the development and course of experimental osteomyelitis of the mandible]. PMID- 6972121 TI - [Pharmacological studies of Bulgarian gonadotropin preparations]. AB - Experiments were carried out to prove the influence of SJK gonadotropic preparations (native and lyophilized), gravohormone and luteosiman, on the functional state of the central, the cardio-vascular and the respiratory systems, as well as that of the smooth musculature. It was proved that in doses under 20 MUI/kg t these preparations have no unfavorable effect upon the function of the cardio-vascular system (experiments were carried out on frog's hearts eliminated, on blood vessels of eliminated rabbit's ears and the hind limbs of frogs, on the blood pressure of cats and hens), upon the breathing (experiments on cats), the central nervous system and the muscular tonus (experiments on mice). In high dose SJK decreases blood pressure by slightly increasing in that direction the influence of histamine and acetylcholine. Breathing becomes uneven, stronger and accelerated. The muscular tonus is characterized by depression and decrease. A tonic effect was observed with the uterus, as well as increased contractions of the latter. The gravohormone taken in high doses provoked a decrease in blood pressure, an abatement and a depression of the tonus and motility of the eliminated uterus without any substantial changes of the rhythm and frequency of respiratory movements. In low and high doses (0,2, 20 and 60, 160 UI/kg t) it decreased the blood pressure of the narcotized hens, strengthened and increased the tonus of the motor activity of the uterus, which was probably due to residues of oxytocin. PMID- 6972123 TI - [Therapeutic results in malignant lymphomas treated by the COPP and POPP drug administration schedules]. AB - The paper deals with a comparison of the results of treatment of 19 patients with malignant lymphomas, mostly diffuse ones, stage 3, by POPP schedule (paphencyl, vincristine (oncovine), procarbosin (natulan) and prednisolone) and 37 similar patients who received a modified standard COPP treatment. Following six courses of POPP treatment, the frequency of complete remission was significantly higher (83 and 51% respectively). Therefore, this schedule of therapy may be recommended for a large-scale application. The assessment of the survival rates of patients who received either type of treatment required further study. PMID- 6972125 TI - The diagnostic value of maternal pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in threatened abortion. AB - 208 serum SP1 measurements have been made in 124 women admitted at the 8th to 20th gestational week for the treatment of threatened abortion. Pregnancy ended in abortion in 85,6 p.c. of the cases with pathological serum levels, while only 16,9 p.c. of the women with normal serum concentration aborted. The results demonstrate the prognostic value of serum SP1 estimations in early pregnancy. PMID- 6972124 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of intracellular immunoglobulins in the lymph nodes in malignant lymphomas]. AB - The immunoperoxidase method was employed to assay the content of immunoglobulins in the lymph node cells in 39 patients with malignant lymphoma. It was found that cytoplasmic immunoglobulins were contained in tumor cells in patients with malignant lymphoma of lymphoplasmacytic/-oid cells (LP immunocytoma) and in some patients with malignant lymphoma of centrofollicular cells and immunoblasts. Only one type of the light chain of immunoglobulins was observed in these cells which points to their monoclonal nature. All cases revealed different amounts of polyclonal plasma cells, containing both chi- and lambda-immunoglobulins, in the affected lymph nodes. Paradoxically large numbers of polyclonal plasma cells were observed in the affected lymph nodes of patients with Mycosis Fungoides and T cell chronic lymphoid leukosis. PMID- 6972120 TI - Specificity of the BT-PABA test for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the dog. AB - Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the dog has been assessed by the oral administration of the synthetic peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA), a specific substrate for pancreatic chymotrypsin. The subsequent assay of PABA in either the plasma or the urine clearly differentiated control animals from those with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), the results being unaffected by combination of this pancreatic function with a xylose absorption test. Possible interference with the specificity of the peptide test for the diagnosis of EPI was examined in six animals with small intestinal disease. In a group of four animals, with features resembling chronic tropical sprue in man, the results were comparable to those of the control group. In the fifth case, however, the results were indistinguishable from those of the EPI group, the estimation of sodium PABA absorption and the assay of proteolytic activity in the duodenal juice demonstrating that this was due to defective hydrolysis of the peptide. In the sixth case, diffuse intestinal lymphosarcoma and a marked villous atrophy were associated with an apparent reduction in the absorption of sodium PABA. However, although the plasma PABA concentrations following oral BT-PABA were subnormal, they were distinctly higher than those of the EPI group. These findings suggest that small intestinal abnormalities do not affect PABA absorption sufficiently to interfere with the specificity of the peptide test for the detection of severe EPI in the dog. This insufficiency may occasionally be secondary to small intestinal disease. PMID- 6972126 TI - [Value of thallium-201 myocardial imaging in the non-invasive assessment of aortocoronary bypass patency (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972127 TI - [Phenotyping of alpha 1-antitrypsin using isoelectric focusing in ultra-thin layers of polyacrylamide gels]. PMID- 6972128 TI - [Open heart surgery in the aged. Chances and risks]. PMID- 6972129 TI - [Larvate temporal arteritis with skin manifestation following herpes zoster ophthalmicus]. PMID- 6972130 TI - [Complications of 279 elective radical colonic operations and results of their management (author's transl)]. AB - Out of 279 cases of elective radical colonic surgery 109 complicated cases are dealt with. Most of them (66%) were caused by infection. The postoperative mortality came up to 10%. Three quarters of the postoperative deaths were caused by septicaemia and gastrointestinal bleeding. Some of the complications can be effectively cured. Others like peritonitis, anaerobic septicaemia, pulmonary embolism and uraemia have a high mortality rate and will in future require better methods of prevention and therapy. PMID- 6972131 TI - [The auditory evoked brain stem potential in neurosurgical diagnosis]. PMID- 6972132 TI - [Mechanism of formation of active T-rosette forming cells in multiple sclerosis patients]. AB - On the basis of examining active rosette-forming T-lymphocytes contained in the peripheral blood of patients with disseminated sclerosis a relationship between the changes in the percentage of lymphocytes with different number of erythrocyte adhesions and the morbid process phase was discovered. The regularity of this phenomenon has given the authors grounds to assume that the diminution of the number of active rosette-forming T-lymphocytes (with 7 and more erythrocyte adhesions) in patients with disseminated sclerosis is due to redistribution of the various lymphocyte populations in the process of the immune response. This redistribution may be due to the lymphocyte fixation in the target and the immunocompetent organs. PMID- 6972133 TI - [Pacemakers, stimulation, cardiologists, cardiac centers. Limits of the technic]. PMID- 6972134 TI - Abnormal platelet aggregation measured by screen filtration pressure (sfp) in coronary heart disease: a new risk factor? AB - Platelet aggregate filtration pressure PAFP) has been measured in 38 male coronary heart disease patients (CHD) free from "risk factors" for the development of arteriosclerosis. Significantly (p less than 0.05) higher mean PAFP values (mmHg) were found in the CHD group as compared to the "control" group. Such finding suggests, though does not demonstrate, the "independent" role of platelet hyperaggregation in the development of CHD. PMID- 6972136 TI - [Study of a case of "pacemaker syndrome" by echocardiography and phonomechanocardiography]. AB - This report is concerned with the observation of a woman aged 61 with sino-atrial disorders in whom near-syncopal episodes recurred after implantation of a pacemaker. The attacks were associated with paroxysmal lowering of blood pressure. The echocardiogram and the phonomecanocardiogram indicated that a shortening of the left ventricular ejection time and a decrease of the duration and the amplitude of the separation of the aortic valve leaflets abruptly appeared whenever the patient was under pacing. This data further stresses the importance of the so-called "pacemaker syndrome". The phonomecano- and echocardiogram may permit to select among paced patients with recurrent symptoms those who deserve consideration of replacement of their ventricular pacemaker by a bifocal unit. PMID- 6972135 TI - Post-traumatic infarction due to blunt chest trauma. Report of two cases. AB - A myocardial infarction may be caused by a blunt chest trauma. The myocardium may be directly contused or a coronary artery may be occluded. The present paper describes a patient in whom no obstructive lesions of the coronary arteries were found after a posttraumatic infarction and a second patient with a posttraumatic occlusion of the left anterior descendents. The first patient had an abnormal connection between the right coronary artery and the circumflex artery, which is also thought to be posttraumatic. PMID- 6972138 TI - Respiratory function following myocardial infarction. PMID- 6972137 TI - Tricuspid valve prolapse: two-dimensional echocardiographic aspects. AB - Three patients with prolapse of the mitral and tricuspid valve are presented. The tricuspid valve prolapse was revealed by two-dimensional echocardiography and simultaneous M-mode echocardiogram. PMID- 6972140 TI - Follow-up study in congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy. AB - A follow-up study was carried out in 98 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy using clinical data and M-mode echocardiography. 59 patients survived (mean follow-up period 18 months), 39 patients died (mean survival period 12.6 months). Median survival time was 3 years. Prognosis was unfavorably affected by ECG signs (left bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation, ventricular premature beats), functional class 4, and left ventricular dysfunction presented by mitral E-point separation over 25 mm, left atrial dimension of 50 mm or more and posterior wall systolic thickening less than 50%. Age, excessive alcohol intake, left ventricular enddiastolic dimension or wall thickness did not affect prognosis. M mode restudies preformed in 59 patients included a variable course within 2 years after first presentation but a progressive impairment of left ventricular function in mor than 2 years of follow-up. PMID- 6972142 TI - [Involvement of the common trunk of the left coronary artery]. AB - This work describes the observations made in a group of 32 patients suffering from left main coronary stenosis (narrowing of 70% or more). 28 patients underwent surgical treatment: they represent 14% of 200 consecutive surgical cases. The diagnosis of left main narrowing is not possible on clinical ground only. However, several common features can be noted. Patients without myocardial infarction commemoratives all experienced unstable angina pectoris. When a bicycle ergometric test could be realized, it was positive for a low work load. It showed a mean 3 mm ST depression for a mean charge of 75 watts. The repolarisation disturbance lasted long after interruption of effort (more than 7 minutes). Coronarography very often showed multiple vessel disease. the anterior descending artery was stenosed in 25 patients, the circumflex artery artery in 23 and the right coronary artery in 27 patients out of the 32. In the majority of the patients, an anastomotic circulation was evidenced. The direction of the vicarious flow was determined by the relative degree of stenosis on the arteries implied in this collaterality. The mortality of coronarography was 1/32. Among the 28 operated patients, 1 died shortly after operation, giving an operative mortality of 3.6%. During a mean follow-up of 15 months, 1 death during the first postoperative year, 2 failures, 2 partial successes and 22 clinical recoveries were noted. Out of 18 patients socially susceptible to work again, 12 are effectively working, 3 are retired and 3 are still totally unable to work at the present time. PMID- 6972139 TI - [Use of echocardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension]. AB - There are few data regarding the sensitivity and specificity of the pulmonic valve echogram in the detection of pulmonary hypertension (PHT). In the present study, simultaneous pulmonic echograms were evaluated in 40 patients with normal pulmonary artery pressure and 24 with PHT (mean pressure greater than 20 mmHg). The A wave depth (Amax) was 4.0 plus or minus 1 mm (2-6 mm) in normals but was (1.05 plus or minus 0.2 mm) (p less than 0,001) in PHT and was absent in 5 of 24 PHT patients with a mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) greater than or equal to 35 mm. The ef slope in normals was 22 plus or minus 1.8 mm and 7.1 plus or minus 2 mm (p less than 0.01) in patients with PHT. A negative slope was observed in 4 patients with severe PHT (MPAP) greater than or equal to 40 mm, but never in normals or in patients with mild PHT. The opening velocity (OV) was significantly higher in PHT patients 363.2 plus or minus 19.3 verus 293 plus or minus 7.3 mm/sec (p less than 0.01). Normal values were found in patients with moderate to severe PHT but an OV greater than or equal to 450 mm/sec was not encountered within the normal group. A mid-systolic notch was observed in 10 patients with PHT of which 9 with a MPAP greater than or equal to 35 mmHg. The maximum systolic excursion of the pulmonary valve in both groups did not differ significantly (13.3 plus or minus 0.5 vs 12.8 plus or minus 0.3). Even less specific, the systolic intervals (PEP/ET), were raised greater than or equal to 0.30 in 12 out of 15 with PHT. In conclusion, the reduction or disappearance of Amax with sinus rhythm, a flattening or negativation of ef slope and the presence of a mid systolic notch were found to be the 3 most reliable criteria to detect and quantify PHT. PMID- 6972141 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography. Principles, techniques, and anatomical comparisons]. AB - This article introduces bidimensional echocardiography. The main sections are reviewed. A brief comparison between M-mode and 2 D echocardiography is proposed showing that the two techniques are really complementary to one another. Judging by the many applications of M-mode echocardiography in recent years, one may safely expect considerable developments for the bidimensional echocardiography which, in its very first steps, already appears irreplaceable. PMID- 6972143 TI - Upper gastro-intestinal hemorrhage caused by ectopic pancreas. PMID- 6972145 TI - [Study on the properties of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in urines of pregnant women (author's transl)]. AB - The properties of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) were examined in urines of pregnant women. Two cross-reactive substances with rabbit antisera to SP1 were observed in the urines of pregnant woman. By agar gel immunodiffusion method two lines were formed and by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) double rings were detected in concentrated pregnancy urines. The immunoprecipitate of the inner ring in SRID was distinct, while that of the outer ring was rather indistinct, compared with the former. The substance to make inner ring (tentatively called SP1-A) was found to be the same as SP1 in pregnant serum. The SP1-like substance to make outer ring (tentatively called SP1-B) appeared to be specific to pregnant urine. Although the precipitation lines of urinary SP1 were slightly different from that of serum SP1, both Sp1-A and SP1-B were migrated towards the beta 1-globulin region in immunoelectrophoresis. The molecular weights were estimated by gel filtration method and calculated to be 110,000 for SP1-A and 75,000 for SP1-B, respectively. PMID- 6972144 TI - [Hematological changes related to coagulation in toxemia of pregnancy --in reference to postpartum hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972146 TI - [Study of monocyte function in patients with cervical cancer by using T lymphocyte monocyte interaction in response to phytohemagglutinin (author's transl)]. AB - Monocytes have been thought to play an important role in the immune surveillance system of cancer patients since monocytes were shown to participate as accessory cells in the induction of T-cell proliferation to PHA by Potter et al. in 1977. We had already reported the depression of monocyte function with the progress of cancer after PHA response of mononuclear cells obtained by centrifugation of Ficoll-Hypaque and lymphocytes obtained by depletion of monocytes ingesting Silica from mononuclear cells was compared in cancer patients. In that study, however, monocyte function was considered not to be indicated truly because responding cells were different at each examination. Therefore, in this study responding cells were graded as T-cells obtained from healthy volunteers and monocytes were added to the T-cells. Monocyte function in this study was as follows: PHA response to T-cells and monocytes over PHA response to T-cells. In this study, monocytes were allogenic to T-cells. At first, the influence of monocytes to allogenic T-cells was studied but it was found to be negligible. The ratio of monocytes and T-cells was 1:1. The concentration of PHA was 20 micrograms/ml. Finally, the monocyte function of patients with cervical cancer was studied. It was increased at the stage of CIS and then gradually decreased. At the advanced stage, it was significantly decreased to comparison with that of healthy volunteers. PMID- 6972147 TI - Net absorption of starch in low birth weight infants. AB - Twelve 3-day metabolic balance studies were carried out in 12 low birth weight infants fed an infant formula providing 3.5 g of corn starch per kilogram body weight per day. The mean coefficients of net absorption were 88 +/- 6% for starch, 70 +/- 14% for fat and 90 +/- 4% for nitrogen. No relationship was found between starch absorption and nitrogen or fat absorption. There was no relationship between starch absorption and the duration of starch feeding. It is concluded that the ability of young infants to digest large quantities of starch is most likely limited resulting from low pancreatic alpha-amylase activity. Nevertheless, from a practical point of view, small amounts of starch in infant formulas can be considered not only as a thickener but also as a source of calories. PMID- 6972148 TI - Four-year-old children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Clinical follow-up and parental attitudes towards neonatal screening. AB - Two hundred thousand infants born in Sweden between November 1972 and September 1974 were screened at birth for alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) deficiency. At age 4 years 172 of 183 children with alpha 1 AT deficiency were examined and compared with 80 randomly selected control children. The children with alpha 1 AT deficiency had the following Pi types: 118 PiZ, 50 PiSZ, 2 PiZ-, 1 PiS-, 1 PiFZ. Two PiZ children have severe liver cirrhosis and 1 PiZ boy had died of aplastic anemia. Abnormal levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (S-ALAT) were found in one PiSZ and 47 PiZ children. Upper and lower respiratory infections, otitis, eczema, urinary infections or complications of child diseases did not occur more often in children with alpha 1 AT deficiency than in controls. More parents of alpha 1 AT deficient children had stopped smoking and their fathers smoked significantly less. Forty parents of children with alpha AT deficiency PiZ answered a questionnaire concerning their reaction to, knowledge about and attitudes towards neonatal screening for alpha 1 AT deficiency. Many parents reported having reacted with lack of understanding, shock or depression upon learning that the child had alpha 1 AT deficiency. About 4 years later 44% reported still lack of understanding, and 18% depression or feelings of guilt. About two-thirds had not fully understood why alpha 1 AT deficiency had been identified, despite the fact that they had seen their doctor 3--4 times for check ups and counselling since birth. PMID- 6972149 TI - Precursor T cell leukemia--immunological, cytochemical and morphological studies. AB - A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a giant splenomegaly in an 8-year-old boy was investigated by immunological, cytochemical and electronmicroscopical techniques. Bone marrow and peripheral blood were largely replaced by large blast cells with a nonconvoluted nucleus. Cytochemically, most of the blast cells showed strong focal acid phosphatase activity. In the surface marker studies, these blast cells formed EAC rosettes but not E rosettes, while they showed positive reactivity with anti-T lymphocyte serum but not with anti-B lymphocyte serum. This membrane phenotype E-, C3R+, T+, B- suggested that leukemic blast cells in this patient presumably originated from precursor T cells. PMID- 6972150 TI - Stimulation of gastric acid and bicarbonate secretions by calcium in guinea pig stomach and amphibian isolated mucosa. AB - Administration of Ca++ (1.5 mg/kg i.v.) increased the output of both H+ and HCO-3 from the stomach of the anesthetized guinea pig as determined by measurement of gastric intraluminal pH and pCO2. The rise in HC-3 secretion was slightly greater than that in H+, resulting in a decrease in net acidity. Fundic mucosa isolated from frogs was used to study the mechanisms of the stimulatory actions. An increase in Ca++ concentration in the nutrient (serosal) bathing solution from 1.8 to 7.2 mM stimulated H+ transport in this preparation. The effect of raising Ca++ concentration was inhibited by the histamine H2 receptor antagonist Metiamide and by increasing nutrient Mg++. Stimulation of H+ transport, sensitive to Metiamide, was also observed with the calcium ionophore A23187 (4 micrograms/ml, nutrient side). The results indicate that at the mucosal level, Ca++ stimulates H+ transport by release of histamine from mucosal stores with properties similar to those of mast cells. Transport of HCO-3 in isolated mucosae was studied after inhibition of H+ transport my metiamide. An increase in nutrient Ca++ concentration stimulated the HCO-3 transport but the calcium ionophore had no effect. This action of Ca++ was abolished by atropine (10(-6) M) and by raising nutrient Mg++, suggesting that it reflects release of acetylcholine from intramucosal nervous tissue. Thus Ca++ stimulated gastric transport of both H+ and HCO-3 in vivo and in vitro but evidence for a direct action on the transporting (parietal and epithelial) cells was not obtained. PMID- 6972151 TI - Computerized tomography of the brain in schizophrenic patients. A controlled study. AB - Computer tomography (CT) of the brain was carried out in 49 schizophrenic patients and 38 controls in order to study the organic characteristics of the brain in schizophrenia. Between the schizophrenic and control groups aged 21 to 40 years, there was no marked difference in ventricular size or cortical atrophy. In the groups aged 41 to 60 years, however, enlargement of the ventricular system and cortical atrophy were highly significant in the schizophrenic group. Positive correlation was observed (P less than 0.05) between enlargement of the third ventricle and duration of illness. There was a high frequency of cortical atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes in the schizophrenic group. PMID- 6972153 TI - Correlation studies between employability, left ventricular hemodynamics and exercise ECG before and after aortocoronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6972152 TI - Autoantibodies in alcoholic liver cirrhosis in Portugal. PMID- 6972155 TI - Simultaneous posterior and middle cranial fossa neurinomas. AB - A case of unilateral association of a neurinoma of the VIII nerve and a neurinoma of the temporal fossa in a 33-year-old woman without von Recklinghausen disease stigmata is presented. This uncommon association can mimic the picture of a trigeminal neurinoma with a dumb-bell extension into the posterior fossa. PMID- 6972154 TI - Posttraumatic intraventricular haemorrhages. AB - Of a series of 350 patients studied for blunt head trauma by CT scan 10 were found to have an intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH); in 8 cases we could find concomitant CT abnormalities as well as intracerebral contusion or haemorrhage, and in two cases no other CT abnormality was noted. CT scan represents the first reliable and non-surgical tool for identifying this process. Two possible mechanisms that govern the formation of an IVH are postulated: a) an erosion of the ventricular wall by an intracerebral haemorrhage; b) the rupture of subependymal veins deformed by the negative pressure following dilatation of the ventricular wall. The prognosis in our cases is severe. PMID- 6972156 TI - Histiocytosis X: diagnosis by electron microscopy. AB - The three histiocytosis X diseases are often initially misdiagnosed because of their frequently slow and insidious onset. Cutaneous lesions are commonly seen and are often the initial manifestation. The atypical histiocytes in all clinical types of histiocytosis X contain characteristic intracytoplasmic granules that can be seen with the electron microscope. Skin biopsy is thus a simple and rapid method for confirming the diagnosis of histiocytosis X. PMID- 6972157 TI - Use and limitations of time interval histogram output from echo Doppler to detect mitral regurgitation. PMID- 6972158 TI - Reduction of thrombosis in canine coronary bypass vein grafts with dipyridamole and aspirin. AB - The potential benefit of platelet inhibitor drugs in reducing early thrombosis of coronary arterial vein bypass grafts was assessed in dogs. There were 26 control dogs and 24 dogs treated with dipyridamole, 55 mg/day plus aspirin, 325 mg/day. The dogs in both groups were killed at 2 hours and 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days after operation. The grafts were perfused with fixative in vivo, harvested and examined with light microscopy. Severe alterations of the graft wall were observed in the dogs in both groups. The grafts in the control group had a high incidence rate of thrombosis, which occurred early after the operation; those in the treated group had a significantly reduced incidence of thrombosis (p = 0.025). Our study indicates that a combined regimen of dipyridamole and aspirin is effective in reducing early graft thrombosis in dogs. PMID- 6972159 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae colonizing ambulatory children. AB - The prevalence of ampicillin sodium-resistant Haemophilus influenzae was determined from throat cultures of 305 ambulatory children. Resistant strains were detected in 3% of children, amounting to 12% of Haemophilus isolates. Factors associated with carriage of ampicillin-resistant strains were sought: only ampicillin exposure was significant. Among children who had received ampicillin or amoxicillin trihydrate within six months, 9% harbored ampicillin resistant strains compared with 1.4% among those not exposed. Colonization with H influenzae was more frequent following the use of ampicillin, and a higher proportion of isolates was resistant rates was observed with other antibiotics or with factors such as age, sex, otitis history, or day-care center exposure. The association between ampicillin/amoxicillin usage and carriage of ampicillin resistant strains is increasingly clear. It remains to be determined whether the use of newer antibiotics for otitis also will encourage the development of resistance in H influenzae. PMID- 6972160 TI - Soft-tissue infections of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b. The use of ampicillin and nafcillin in their treatment. AB - The combination of intravenous ampicillin sodium and nafcillin sodium followed by oral ampicillin and dicloxacillin sodium was effective in treating five infants with soft-tissue infections and bacteremia due to beta-lactamase-producing, ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b. This antibiotic combination seems to be an effective alternative to chloramphenicol for treatment of non meningitic invasive disease due to moderately ampicillin-resistant (minimum inhibitory concentration, 2 to 24 microgram/mL) H influenzae type b. The use of this combination should be in conjunction with appropriate in vitro tests whose results demonstrate synergism. PMID- 6972161 TI - Severe aortic stenosis in a patient with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding: replacement of the aortic valve with a porcine xenograft. AB - Patients with aortic stenosis are subject to recurrent episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding of uncertain cause. How such patients should be handled when aortic valve replacement is required is not established. This report deals with such a patient who underwent successful aortic valve replacement with a porcine xenograft without anticoagulation. The patient has had no recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding since the valve replacement. The use of the now widely available porcine xenograft for aortic valve replacement avoids the need for anticoagulants in patients with a history of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This case and limited data from the medical literature suggest that recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding after aortic valve replacement may be uncommon. PMID- 6972162 TI - Familial primary biliary cirrhosis. Immunological and genetic study. AB - A 53-year old male and his daughter (38 years old) had primary biliary cirrhosis. The daughter had a high titer of antimitochondrial and other autoantibodies. Nine members, including, four living sibs, mother and two of the daughter's healthy offspring have been examined for liver function, the presence of autoimmune antibodies, cell mediated immunity and histocompatibility antigens. The eldest and second sons, mother and sisters of the affected daughter had multiple autoimmune reactions including antismooth-muscle antibodies and decreased peripheral T lymphocyte but liver tests were normal except in the eldest son. Histocompatibility antigens HL-A9 and HL-B5 were present in both patients and the elder son. Thus the findings suggest a similar genetic predisposition to immunologic abnormalities among the family members of the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 6972163 TI - Paraganglioneuroma of the duodenum. Report of a case with radiographic findings, angiographic findings and a review of the literature. AB - A 59-year old Cuban male had seven episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding. Angiographic and radiographic studies revealed a polypoid mass in the second portion of the duodenum. The mass proved to be paraganglioneuroma. A review of the literature reveals only 25 previously recorded such cases. Eighty-eight per cent of the lesions were located in the second part of the duodenum: 84% of the patients were symptomatic. The two main symptoms noted were abdominal discomfort (45.5%) and bleeding (47.6%). None of the lesions was a malignant or functional tumor. PMID- 6972164 TI - Iatric submucosal hemorrhage. A pitfall of intraoperative endoscopy. AB - Intraoperative fiberoptic endoscopy has been recommended to identify the site of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients whose preoperative endoscopic and/or roentgenologic studies have been unrevealing but who require surgical intervention to control the bleeding. We report an undescribed complication of intraoperative endoscopy in such a patient. PMID- 6972166 TI - The clinical spectrum of autonomic dysfunction. AB - Classic cases of idiopathic autonomic dysfunction are easily recognized, but certain presentations may not immediately suggest the diagnosis. Among 297 cases in the experience of our institutions, eight have been selected as illustrative of the difficulties which may be encountered. The disorder may present as angina pectoris, Parkinsonism, night blindness, nasal stuffiness, malignant hypertension, postprandial fainting, intracerebral hemorrhage and respiratory arrest. About half of the patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension manifest supine hypertension. These subjects are extremely sensitive to pressor and depressor agents; those who have angina pectoris complicating their disease are characteristically worsened by nitroglycerin. PMID- 6972165 TI - Beneficial effects of oral zinc supplementation on the immune response of old people. AB - Zinc is known to have beneficial effects on the immune response. In an attempt to modify age-associated immune dysfunction, supplemental zinc was administered to 15 subjects over 70 years of age (220 mg zinc sulfate twice daily for a month). As compared to 15 controls, matched for age and sex, there was a significant improvement in the following immune parameters in the treated group: (1) number of circulating T lymphocytes; (2) delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to purified protein derivative, Candidin and streptokinase-streptodornase; (3) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response to tetanus vaccine. Zinc treatment had no influence on the number of total circulating leukocytes or lymphocytes, or on the in vitro lymphocyte response to three mitogens: phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The data suggest that the addition of zinc to the diet of old persons could be an effective and simple way to improve their immune function. PMID- 6972167 TI - Intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - Twenty-nine immunocompromised patients were treated with intravenous trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole for possible Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The diagnosis was established in 15 severely hypoxemic patients with lymphoreticular malignancy or cardiac transplants by open lung biopsy or transthoracic needle aspirate. In 13 (87 percent) of the 15, the response to therapy was rapid. They became afebrile in a mean of 2.1 days, showed improved arterial blood oxygenation in 4.7 days and improvements on the chest roentgenogram in 4.3 days. Eight (53 percent) of the 15 survived and were clinically cured. Five other patients with documented P. carinii infection improved clinically but subsequently died of other causes. Postmortem examination in these showed no P. carinii cysts. Two patients with P. carinii pneumonia died soon after therapy was started and had P. carinii cysts in lung tissue at autopsy. The combined clinical and microbiologic response of 87 percent equals or exceeds that of other reported treatment regimens. Intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may, therefore, be the most ideal therapy for severely ill adults with P. carinii pneumonia. Second lung biopsies in 12 patients on therapy showed that P. carinii cysts were rarely found after several days of treatment. This suggests that lung tissue may be falsely negative for P. carinii cysts in persons treated empirically but who later undergo lung biopsy. PMID- 6972169 TI - Inheritance of Kartagener syndrome. AB - The surmised autosomal recessive inheritance of situs inversus of Kartagener syndrome is re-examined on the hypothesis that the homozygous state replaces lateralization of the viscera in normal ontogeny by an indifferent lateralization. The segregation ratio in the progeny of two carrier parents (if there were no ascertainment bias) would then be 1/8. The estimated segregation ratio under the assumption of complete (truncate) ascertainment is 0.124. The implications for genetic counseling are discussed. PMID- 6972170 TI - Surgical correction of lens dislocation in children. AB - We treated nontraumatic ectopia lentis with the irrigation and aspiration method in 30 children and the Keeler/SITE instrument in three. Preoperative visual acuities were 6/21 (20/70) or worse in all patients; postoperatively, visual acuities improved in 29 of the 30 eyes and were 6/18 (20/60) or better in 24 (80%). Amblyopia was the major preoperative and postoperative complication. Results were also good in the three eyes in which we used the Keeler/SITE instrument. The prognosis for postoperative visual acuity in nontraumatic cases of ectopia lentis is good when either the irrigation and aspiration method or the Keeler/SITE instrument is used. PMID- 6972168 TI - Cartilage-hair hypoplasia, defective T-cell function, and Diamond-Blackfan anemia in an Amish child. PMID- 6972171 TI - A corneal pigmented line associated with Salzmann's nodular degeneration. AB - A 62-year-old woman with Salzmann's nodular degeneration had a pigmented line at the base of the corneal nodules in each eye. The lines ran horizontally along the superior one third of the cornea and faded at the corneoscleral limbus on both sides. The lines curved around the bases of the raised corneal lesions. PMID- 6972172 TI - Is bleeding possible from diverticula of the colon? PMID- 6972173 TI - Inhibition of tetanus tension by elevated extracellular calcium concentration. AB - Extracellular [Ca2+] in the range of 5-20 mM produces a concentration-dependent reversible reduction in tetanus tension in single frog skeletal muscle fibers. Both peak tension and ability to sustain tension during tetanus is reduced. The effect is unrelated to osmotic effects and independent of stimulation frequency in the range 100-200 Hz. The effect occurs both at 8 and 24 degrees C. Tetanus tension is most strongly inhibited by elevated extracellular [Ca2+] at short muscle lengths, but the effect can be seen at all lengths. Microelectrode recordings during tetanus indicate that action potentials remain undiminished in amplitude and duration throughout the tetanus. The evidence suggests that the inhibition results from a failure of action potentials propagation within the transverse tubular system. PMID- 6972175 TI - A cross-sectional study on the prevalence and intensity of infection with Schistosoma haematobium students of Northern KwaZulu. AB - The urines of 7,944 students (aged 5--25 years) from 42 different localities in Northern KwaZulu were screened for the presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs. Fifty-four percent were infected, but prevalence varied from 8--92% depending on conditions existing in the localities. The age-specific prevalence in each of the four topographical areas was unusual in that peaks were not distinct and sharp decreases towards the end of the 2nd decade of life did not occur. Egg output, determined by using a helminth filter and staining of eggs, was expressed in relation to time (2-hour mid-day specimens) rather than urine volume. Unlike the prevalence, egg output decreased considerably after a distinct peak which occurred at 8 years of age in the low prevalence area and at ages 10 and 11 years in the heavily infected areas. Statistical analyses of the results revealed that the observed prevalence of S. haematobium was dependent on area and age but not on sex. The significance of the findings in this area are discussed. PMID- 6972174 TI - Spinal sympathetic reflex and random activity in the isolated amphibian spinal cord. AB - Preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the fourth ramus communicantes discharged in response to electrical stimulation of somatic or visceral afferents entering the spinal cord at segments 2, 3, or 4. Intrasegmental reflexes consisted of a large peak followed by a second, smaller one, whereas only a single peak was observed in intrasegmental reflex. Reflex wave forms were similar to those in the cats except a monosynaptic component was not usually observed. In addition latencies and central delays were different in frogs and cats. Spontaneous activity was rarely recorded although poststimulus random activity was usually observed. Medium to high threshold afferents were responsible for eliciting spinal sympathetic reflexes from spinal nerve two. In frogs the interaction between spinal sympathetic reflexes elicited by the same or different afferents was qualitatively similar to that in cats. It appears therefore that the amphibian spinal cord is a suitable preparation for analyzing sympathetic preganglionic neurons. PMID- 6972176 TI - [Prevention of hemorrhage in the placental and early puerperal periods in late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 6972177 TI - Cellular basis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. AB - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is produced by the in vivo destruction of red cells coated with auto-antibodies which are produced by naturally occurring B lymphocytes. The auto-antibody-producing cells are under the control of suppressor T-lymphocytes whose activity may be deficient in patients with AIHA. The ultimate cure of AIHA will probably reside in the reestablishment of the normal control of the autoantibody-producing cells and not in the elimination of the cells responsible for the destruction of the antibody-coated cells by splenectomy or drug therapy. The cells responsible for destruction of red cells are necessary for the removal of other antibody-coated particles (such as bacteria, etc.). The removal or inactivation of tissue macrophages predisposes the patient to other serious problems including the possibility of serve sepsis. The reestablishment of normal control of the auto-antibody-producing cells by the normalization of the patient's suppressor cell status may be a safer mode of therapy for autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the future. PMID- 6972178 TI - Prognostic factors in histiocytosis X. AB - It is now clear that the prognosis in children with histiocytosis X has improved considerable over the past few years. To be sure, patients with solitary lesions have an excellent prognosis. Whereas the outlook for patients with significant visceral involvement is not as good as those with bone lesions only, the outlook is by no means hopeless, as was once thought. A number of prognostic factors have been reviewed here. The most significant of these factors at the present time would appear to be age of onset of the disease, extent of involvement, the rapidity of progression of the disease, and, in particular, the presence or absence of dysfunction of such crucial organ systems as liver, lung, and hemopoietic system. Further studies of the significance of histologic features and immunologic findings are clearly needed to further our understanding of this disorder. PMID- 6972179 TI - Influence of dialysable transfer factor on IgE concentrations in patients with atopic dermatitis. AB - Dialysable transfer factor (TF) was given in 10 paediatric patients with severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Ten patients with AD, matched for age and severity of disease, served as controls. Prior to the therapy with TF and at weekly intervals thereafter, T- and B-cells in the blood, PHA-stimulation, total IgE and specific IgG antibodies to inhalant and food antigens were determined. Therapy with TF was followed by IgE depression in 8/10 patients and was most pronounced in three patients with initially high levels. Some decrease of IgE levels was seen in four controls also, none of them, however, fell to normal levels as was seen in two of the treated patients. Specific IgE levels decreased slightly, but always remained within the pathological range. T-cell counts in the blood increased in 2/10 cases as well as PHA-stimulation, B-cells counts remained within normal limits. Clinical improvement was seen in one patient, five improved slightly and four remained unchanged. Our results indicate, that transfer factor can lower total IgE levels in cases with atopic dermatitis. The effect is most marked in patients with high total IgE levels. Skin involvement, however, does not closely follow in vitro findings. PMID- 6972180 TI - Human epidermal growth factor/urogastrone: rapid purification procedure and partial characterization. PMID- 6972182 TI - Insensitivity of guaiac slide tests for detection of blood in gastric juice. AB - Two guaiac slide tests (Hemoccult and Fe-Cult) were evaluated for their ability to detect blood in gastric juice and other fluid mixtures relevant to clinical testing in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Blood was added to these fluid mixtures in various amounts sufficient to yield concentrations from 20 microL blood/dL to 4000 microL/dL. With these agents we frequently could not detect blood in unbuffered gastric juice at concentrations as great as 4000 microL/dL. Buffering of gastric juice to pH 4 with either of two antacids only slightly restored sensitivity for blood detection. In contrast, blood in gastric juice obtained from subjects previously given intravenous cimetidine tested positive at concentrations as low as 50 microL/dL. The ability of both test agents to detect blood in gastric juice was considerably enhanced by neutralizing gastric juice with 0.1 N NaOH. PMID- 6972181 TI - Oxygen-high dose fentanyl-droperidol anesthesia for aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - Ten patients undergoing aortocoronary bupass surgery were studied during induction of anesthesia and during initial surgical stimulation. Each patient was anesthetized with fentanyl, 100 micrograms/kg, droperidol, 0.15 mg/kg, and pancuronium, 0.1 mg/kg, and ventilated with 100% oxygen. Preoperative medication consisted of propranolol, nitrate preparations, diazepam, 0.15 mg/kg orally, morphine, 0.15 mg/kg IM, and scopolamine, 0.4 mg IM. Intravenous, arterial, and Swan-Ganz catheters were inserted under local anesthesia after which control measurements of hemodynamic parameters and arterial blood gas tensions were taken. Observations were repeated after fentanyl, 50 micrograms/kg, after endotracheal intubation, after another dose of fentanyl, 50 micrograms/kg, after skin incision, and after sternotomy. The total dose of droperidol was given incrementally throughtout the fentanyl infusion. Normal saline was infused to maintain constant pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Heart rate, left ventricular stroke work index, triple index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and PaCO2 remained constant throughout the study. Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly after fentanyl, 50 micrograms/kg, and initial administration of droperidol, but thereafter remained unchanged. Stroke index increased significantly after fentanyl, 50 micrograms/kg, and remained elevated at all subsequent intervals. Cardiac index increased after fentanyl, 50 micrograms/kg and 100 micrograms/kg. Rate-pressure product was stable until the time of sternotomy after which it decreased significantly. In patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery, 100% oxygen, fentanyl, 100 micrograms/kg, and droperidol, 0.15 mg/kg, produced stable hemodynamics during induction, intubation, and sternotomy. Maintenance of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure by volume infusion may have been contributed to this stability. PMID- 6972183 TI - Acute megaloblastic anemia induced by high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 6972184 TI - Serious infections in adults exposed to children with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. PMID- 6972185 TI - Immune modulating effects of poly ICLC. PMID- 6972186 TI - Nutritional interactions of vitamin B12, folic acid, and thyroxine. PMID- 6972187 TI - [Intestinal hemangioma in childhood: report of 3 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972188 TI - [Compartmentalized portal hypertension after spleno-renal shunt occlusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972189 TI - Follow-up studies of porphyrin excretion in porphyria cutanea tarda treated with p-aminobenzoic acid. AB - The treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was suggested because PABA is capable of reversing the porphyrinogenic action of 3,5-dicarbethoxy-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) in rats. Three patients with PCT were treated with 3 g of PABA daily during 6 and 12 months and the urinary and faecal porphyrin excretion were serially analyzed by solvent extraction techniques and by thin layer chromatography of their methyl esters. PABA treatment did not show any apparent effect on porphyrin excretion. PMID- 6972190 TI - Growth velocity in children in rural Khartoum, Sudan. AB - The results of a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal anthropometric survey of Sudanese children up to the age of sixteen years are reported. Weight velocity, height velocity, mid arm circumference velocity, and mid arm muscle circumference velocity, and the age at which 50% of females have reached menarche have been calculated. Growth velocities are lower than for English children and the puberty growth spurts occurs about one year later in Sudanese than in English children PMID- 6972191 TI - [Indicator method of determining the beta-lactamase-inhibiting activity of various compounds]. AB - An indicator for determination of beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of various compounds was developed. The method is based on the direct contact of beta lactamase with the compounds tested. It excludes the use of test-bacteria and provides recording in the data on the day of the experiment. The indicator method enables the detection of the beta-lactamase inhibitory properties of both beta lactamase inhibitors and beta-lactam antibiotics, not subjected to destruction by beta-lactamases. The method is likely to be fit for detection of atypical beta lactams having beta-lactam groups in their molecules (bleomycin group). Antibiotics not belonging to the group of beta-lactams, such as gentamicin, sisomicin, lincomycin and fusidin showed no beta-lactamase inhibitory activity under the conditions of the indicator method. The use of the indicator method provided determination of the inhibitory activity with respect to penicillinase of Bac. licheniformis 749/C in 30 (8.5 per cent) out of 350 fermentation broths of actinomycetes. PMID- 6972192 TI - Comparison of sensititre dried microtitration trays with a standard agar method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents. AB - A total of 222 clinical isolates were used to test the accuracy of Sensititre dried microtitration trays for determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents. In comparison with an agar dilution technique, 89.5% of all the pairs of results were within one doubling dilution. The 2,420 pairs of MIC results with finite values gave a corresponding figure of 86.8%. Exclusion of sulfisoxazole results, which demonstrated a significant interlaboratory variation in accuracy, raised this value to 89.1%. Very good differentiation of beta-lactamase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus (24 of 24 giving an MIC greater than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml) and Haemophilus influenzae (3 of 3 giving an MIC greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) was obtained with the Sensititre system. This method also clearly distinguished erythromycin-resistant S. aureus strains (7 of 7 giving an MIC greater than 32 micrograms/ml) from the susceptible strains (26 of 28 giving an MIC less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml plus 1 strain at 1.0 microgram/ml and 1 at 2.0 micrograms/ml). Sensititre offers an accurate and convenient method of determining MICs comparable to those obtained with the agar dilution procedure, with the advantage of an extended shelf life when stored at room temperature. PMID- 6972193 TI - Purification and properties of a cephalosporinase from Enterobacter cloacae. AB - A cephalosporin beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) was extracted from Enterobacter cloacae GN7471 and purified by means of column chromatography. The resulting preparation gave a single protein band upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme's isoelectric point was 8.4, and its molecular weight was 44,000. The optimal pH was 8.5, and the optimal temperature was 40 degrees C. The enzyme hydrolyzed cephalosporins much more readily than penicillins. The enzyme activity was inhibited by iodine, semisynthetic penicillins, cefuroxime-type cephalosporins, and cephamycin derivatives. The enzymological properties of the purified enzyme were compared with those of beta-lactamases derived from other gram-negative enteric bacteria. PMID- 6972194 TI - Ro 13-9904, a long-acting broad-spectrum cephalosporin: in vitro and in vivo studies. AB - Ro 13-9904, a new parenteral cephalosporin, was found to have high in vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacteria, including various isolates resistant to cefuroxime, cefamandole, cefoxitin, and cefazolin. It showed promising activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although inhibitory against Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations readily achievable in plasma, it was less potent against this pathogen than cefamandole, cefazolin, or cefuroxime. Isolates of Streptococcus faecalis were uniformly resistant to all the cephalosporins tested. Ro 13-9904 was more active than cefotaxime against Proteus mirabilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae, but less active against S. aureus. Ro 13-9904 was stable to various types of beta-lactamases. Its therapeutic efficacy against experimental septicemias in mice was equal to or slightly superior to that of cefotaxime and SCE-1365 when the antibiotics were administered in repeated subcutaneous doses after bacterial challenge. Cefoperazone, and particularly cefamandole nafate, cefazolin, and mezlocillin were less effective. Although structurally related to cefotaxime and SCE-1365, Ro 13-9904 was found to differ from them in one important respect, namely, in having a long duration of action; this was observed with single-dose treatment given before bacterial challenge. Its broad spectrum of activity coupled with favorable pharmacokinetic properties make Ro 13-9904 a promising compound for clinical studies. PMID- 6972195 TI - Prevention of surface mold growth on Italian dry sausage by natamycin and potassium sorbate. AB - Inhibition of uncontrolled mold growth on three types of raw cured Italian dry salami was studied under commercial production conditions. Salami were dipped or sprayed with natamycin (pimaricin) or were given a combined organic acid-plus potassium sorbate treatment. Acetic and citric acids potentiated the inhibitory effects of potassium sorbate significantly, but lactic and succinic acids showed little or no effect. Treatment of salami by dipping in 2.5% (wt/vol) potassium sorbate or 2,000 ppm (mg/liter) of pimaricin did not successfully prevent the growth of surface molds. At 10% potassium sorbate on all types of salami and at 2.5% sorbate on Casalingo salami, visual inhibition of mold growth was observed, but numbers of viable fungi on all salami types treated with 2.5% sorbate were not significantly (95% confidence) different from numbers found in the untreated controls. Pimaricin spray (2 X 1,000 ppm) was as good as or slightly better than 2.5% potassium sorbate, but greater concentrations of each were required to satisfactorily inhibit surface mold growth during the 25- to 50-day ripening period. PMID- 6972197 TI - Cold-reactive antinuclear IgM. Diagnostic value in a case ANA-negative lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6972198 TI - Endoscopic evaluation of 125 cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - The fiberoptic panendoscope has been shown to be superior to the UGI series in diagnosing the site(s) of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Recent data has shown that gastritis has replaced peptic ulcer disease (PUD) as the leading cause of UGIB since the diagnosis can now be made with the endoscope. Our clinical experience differs from this. One hundred twenty five cases of UGIB from December 1975 to December 1978 were reviewed. The patients ranged in age from 11 to 91 years. There were 83 males and 42 females included in the study. Twenty-four per cent of the patients were actively bleeding at the time of endoscopic examination, and 62% received two or more units of blood. Endoscopic examination was technically successful in all patients, and there were no deaths or complications. One hundred twenty three lesions were found in 117 patients for a diagnostic accuracy of 93.9%. In eight patients, no bleeding site was found, resulting in a failure rate of 6.1%. PUD accounted for 74.9% of the bleeding sites, while gastritis accounted for only 0.8%. Mallory-Weiss tears of the esophagus accounted for 9.8% and esophageal varices for 4.9%. Thirty-five per cent of the patients had associated lesions, with gastritis and esophagitis being the most common. Eighteen patients (14.4%) required surgical intervention. Seventeen patients had PUD. There was one death, for a mortality rate of 5.5%. The medical mortality rate was 0.9%. The benefits of endoscopy in UGIB are still controversial. An important subgroup of patients with the "visible vessel" in the ulcer bed has been identified recently by others. If not bleeding at the time of endoscopy, 70% will rebleed. It is our opinion that it is important to identify this patient, as well as to know if one is treating gastritis, PUD, or varices. Finally, electrocoagulation of bleeding points, as well as the development of the laser and application of adhesives or clotting agents through the endoscope, will change the management of UGIB. PMID- 6972200 TI - Haemophilus influenza sepsis and shock secondary to biliary infection in an adult. AB - A 46-year-old woman was seen with biliary obstruction secondary to a pancreatic tumor. After undergoing a percutaneous liver biopsy, she became septic and went into shock. Haemophilus influenzae type be bacteremia and biliary infection were verified. With treatment, the patient recovered from the infection. Biliary infection by H influenzae is rare, and fulminant infections in adults are even more uncommon. Hazards of invasive diagnostic procedures in patients with obstructive jaundice are discussed. PMID- 6972199 TI - Delayed hypercalcemia with acute renal failure associated with nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis. AB - Delayed hypercalcemia developed in two patients with acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis. In patient 1, the hypercalcemia appeared 14 days after the beginning of the diuretic phase of the illness and was associated with severe diastolic hypertension and soft-tissue calcification, including the lungs and skeletal muscles. The blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD3) were elevated during the hypercalcemia and decreased to normal when the patient became normocalcemic. In patient 2, the hypercalcemia occurred 55 days after the start of the diuretic phase and at a time when renal function was normal. PMID- 6972196 TI - The active E-rosette test in allergic contact dermatitis. AB - An active subpopulation of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes, characterized by rapid (5 min) rosette formation with sheep red blood cells (A-RFC), was measured in patients with acute allergic contact dermatitis. A significant rise in A-RFC occurred in these subjects. The number of total T cells was also increased in the same group of patients, but the percentage of increase was smaller than that found in A-RFC. The significance of A-RFC and their relationship to patient immunological status are discussed. PMID- 6972201 TI - Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on the taste buds in some reptiles. AB - The taste buds in tortoises (Clemmys japonica and Geoclemys reevesii), lizards (Takydromus tachydromoides) and snakes (Elaphe quadrivirgata) were examined by both ultrastructural and histochemical methods. The taste buds consisted of at least three types of cells: the type I, II and III cells. The type I cells were characterized by the presence of secretory dense granules containing polysaccharides which were demonstrated by periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine technique. The type II cells contained numerous tubular, vesicular and lamellated structures. The type III cells were characterized by dense cored vesicles and afferent synaptic contacts. Besides these cells, basally located cells which resembled the basal cells of other lower vertebrates were sometimes found in the tortoises. After administration of L-DOPA following nialamide, some taste bud cells of the tortoises, Clemmys japonica, showed weak yellowish green fluorescence by monoamine fluorescence histochemistry and the dense-cored vesicles in the type III cells increased in number. Acetylcholine esterase activity was not observed in tortoise taste buds. It is suggested that the three types of cells which compose the taste buds of the reptiles may correspond to the three types of cells in mammalian, and the type III cells represent the gustatory cells which are able to potentially produce biogenic monoamines. From these results, the taste buds of the reptiles may hold an intermediate position between those of mammals and amphibia or fishes. PMID- 6972203 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and extensor splint in linear scleroderma knee contracture. AB - A girl with knee flexion contracture secondary to linear scleroderma with hemiatrophy was treated with hot packs, gentle stretching and a serial posterior splint. The knee range of motion gained 35 degree over a period of 16 weeks. Nine months, later knee contracture had regressed. As an alternative method of treatment, continuous stretch was applied by using a front extension splint together with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The knee range of motion gained 55 degrees over a period of 6 weeks. PMID- 6972206 TI - Brain injury rehabilitation: standard problem lists. AB - Numerous problem lists have been developed since the introduction of the Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR). General medical, surgical, psychiatric and rehabilitation settings have been found to be appropriate for the POMR system. The development of a standard problem list for use in brain injury rehabilitation and its application in a typical case are described. The standardized list is believed to facilitate efficient identification of problems and of specific treatment plans and to provide a more uniform approach to evaluation of progress. However, the development of a problem list involves some difficulties in the evaluation of the validity and reliability of criteria used to determine the presence or absence of a problem, in the tendency to generate an unnecessarily lengthy list, and in the achievement of agreement regarding terminology. PMID- 6972204 TI - Myofascial trigger points: relation to acupuncture and mechanisms of pain. AB - The gate control theory of pain describes the modulation of sensory nerve impulses by inhibitory mechanisms in the central nervous system. One of the oldest methods of pain relief is hyperstimulation analgesia produced by stimulating myofascial trigger points by dry needling, acupuncture, intense cold, intense heat, or chemical irritation of the skin. The moderate-to-intense sensory input of hyperstimulation analgesia is applied to sites over, or sometimes distant from, the pain. A brief painful stimulus may relieve chronic pain for long periods, sometimes permanently. Pain may be relieved by "closing the gate" by means of a central biasing mechanism possibly located in the brainstem reticular formation. Prolonged relief may require the disruption of reverberatory neural circuits responsible for the "memory" of pain. The termination of pain by either hyperstimulation, or by local injection of an anesthetic, normalizes function, which helps to prevent recurrence of abnormal neural activity. Thus, modulation of sensory inputs by use of many techniques may reduce pain more than by surgically interrupting the sensory input. PMID- 6972202 TI - Phrenic nerve conduction studies: a new technique and its application in quadriplegic patients. AB - Although a few reports of phrenic nerve stimulation have appeared over the past dozen years, electromyographers have not readily accepted these methods. Perhaps this is because the techniques are considered unreliable, or because there is a major element of patient discomfort. In this study a simple, safe, and relatively painless procedure was devised for placing a needle near the phrenic nerve for use as a stimulating electrode. Also, the positions of the recording electrodes were relocated until a site was found that consistently provided a response with an initial negative deflection in all subjects. Emphasis has been on improving technique. A group of 60 nerves in 30 normal subjects was studied. The mean latency was 7.44 +/- 0.59msec, and the mean difference between right and left was 0.08 +/- 0.42msec. A response was obtained in all nerves examined. In addition, 13 patients with quadriplegia due to spinal cord injury were studied. This method now permits reliable analysis of localized phrenic nerve lesions and abnormalities induced in either the phrenic nerve or diaphragm by generalized disease processes. PMID- 6972205 TI - Exercise training in post-myocardial infarction patients: comparison of results with high risk coronary and post-bypass patients. AB - Measurements were made before and following 3 to 6 months of exercise therapy in 24 patients who had had myocardial infarction (group MI), in 16 patients having positive test and/or multiple risk factors for coronary heart disease (Group CHD), and in 10 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (Group CAB). All patients were men and had a mean age of 51.6 years. Exercise training was conducted 3 times per week for a duration of 20 to 40 minutes per session. Walking and jogging both on a treadmill and a track and stationary cycling were used as training modalities. A paired t test was used to determine significance of differences between pre- and post-treatment results for each group. Percent body fat decreased in each group and aerobic capacity increased significantly (p less than 0.01) in all 3 groups (6.2 ml/kg . min-1 in MI, 7.0 ml/kg . min-1) in CHD, and 8.0 ml/kg . min-1 in CAB). Changes in other exercise related variables were found not to be statistically significant. Analysis of variance yielded no difference among the 3 groups for any of the variables evaluated. The results clearly indicate that the trainability of the MI patient is equivalent to that of the cardiac patient who has not suffered an infarct and to that of the post-CAB patient. PMID- 6972207 TI - Acupuncture in phantom limb pain. AB - A case of a 36-year-old man, with a history of traumatic amputation below the elbow on the left side, resulting in intractable phantom limb pain, is described. The patient failed to respond to a variety of medications including several analgesics, tranquilizers, and a beta-blocker. Other extended series of conventional treatment modalities, which included stellate ganglion and peripheral nerve blocks and neuromal excision with the anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve, did not relieve the pain. Acupuncture was then attempted with the subjective relief of phantom limb pain and the objective result that the patient could wear a prosthesis. PMID- 6972208 TI - Linear nevus sebaceus syndrome. Report of a case with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome following infantile spasms. AB - We report what we believe to be the first known case of linear nevus sebaceus syndrome with infantile spasms followed by Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The EEG revealed hemihypsarrhythmia and then asymmetrical slow spike-wave complexes. A pneumoencephalogram showed dilation and distortion of the lateral ventricle ipsilateral to the facial nevus on the left side. A computerized tomographic scan disclosed low density in the left parietotemporal region, a feature not reported previously. The findings indicated extensive lateralized cerebral lesions. PMID- 6972209 TI - Acquired color vision changes in glaucoma. Use of 100-hue test and Pickford anomaloscope as predictors of glaucomatous field change. AB - A five-year follow-up of eyes with elevated intraocular pressures, but without field defects, in which the color vision had been assessed by the 100-Hue test and an anomaloscope was carried out. Field defects developed in eight of 42 eyes with a low 100-Hue score, whereas field defects developed in ten of 13 eyes with a high abnormality in the 100-Hue test score. In the case of the anomaloscope (Pickford Nicholson) scores, field defects developed in four of five eyes with poor yellow-blue scores, whereas similar field defects developed in only nine of 40 years with a normal yellow-blue scores. With regard to blue-green scores, field defects developed in six of 11 eyes with a poor blue-green score, whereas field defects developed in only seven of 40 eyes with a normal blue-green score. These differences are statistically significant, and the probabilities of an abnormal color vision the results in subsequent field defects have been worked out. The red-green scores were not predictive. PMID- 6972211 TI - Congenital color blindness. AB - The term "color blind" is encountered frequently in areas pertaining to health, commerce, art, and entertainment, but in these cases it is generally not appropriate. Complete color blindness or achromasy is rare, but weakness or absence of discrimination to certain colors can be found in at least 8% of the male population. The most useful description of these color defects is in terms of hue and saturation, thresholds of which can be plotted as polar coordinates on a circular diagram. Plotting color thresholds with the chromagraph reveals more clearly than other clinical systems the true nature of color defects, as well as some inconsistencies in the traditional terminology and test methods. Fifty strongly color-defective subjects were tested by five different methods and the results compared. Normal values are also indicated. PMID- 6972210 TI - Serologic studies in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. AB - Thirty-two patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) were screened for the presence of antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and autoantibodies associated with Sjogren's syndrome (designated SS-A and SS-B). None of these patients had or were found to have clinical evidence of connective-tissue disease. The conditions of 19 (59%) patients were antinuclear-antibody-positive and 18 (56%) were rheumatoid-factor-positive. We found SS-A and/or SS-B autoantibodies in ten (31%) patients. There seems to be a high incidence of serologic abnormalities in patients with KCS, even when those patients with connective-tissue disease are excluded. Serologic testing seems to be a useful adjunct in the early diagnosis of primary Sjogren's syndrome. The presence of SS A and SS-B autoantibodies correlated well with the clinical diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome and seemed to identify the conditions of patients who may have a higher incidence of systemic complications with KCS. PMID- 6972212 TI - Generation of influenza virus specific delayed type hypersensitivity T cells in vitro. Secondary effector cells. AB - When spleen cells from mice injected 3 weeks or more previously with influenza A virus (responder cells) are mixed with normal spleen cells exposed 1 h previously to influenza A virus (stimulator cells) and the mixture cultivated at 37 degree for 5-6 days, the surviving cell population contains effector T cells (Td) which can mediate delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. If infectious virus is used to prime both the donor mice and to infect the stimulator cells, the cell population also contains cytotoxic T cells (Tc). In this case, both Tc and Td have similar specificity patterns, as cells raised to one sub-type A virus are cross-reactive to other A strain viruses but not to Sendai virus. If non infectious virus is used to immunize the donor mice, Td but not Tc are generated and these cells are specific for the sub-type A virus used in the original immunization. Both preparations of Td are Lyl+23- and require IA sharing of donor and recipient mice for transfer DTH activity to be successful. Td cells produced this way are similar to those produced in vivo except they may have different migratory properties and must be injected directly into the footpad for DTH activity to be elicited. In such transfers, H-2 restriction can be clearly demonstrated if the challenging antigen is injected into the footpad some hours before the injection of cells. PMID- 6972213 TI - [Alpha1-antitrypsin in aseptic femur head necrosis in children]. PMID- 6972214 TI - Synthesis and catabolism of rabbit alpha 1-antitrypsins F and S. AB - The metabolic relationship between the two major forms of rabbit alpha 1 antitrypsin, F and S, was investigated by using labeling techniques in vivo and in vitro. After the injection of [14C]leucine, the S/F specific-radioactivity ratio showed characteristic changes with time: at 1 h, the ratio was high (1.2 1.4), but by later times (5-7h) it decreased to a value of approx. 1.1. Two different techniques were used to purify alpha 1-antitrypsin for labelling with iodine. The half-lives of the differentially labelled and simultaneously injected F- and S-forms were 68.1 (+/- 7.6 S.D) and 55.3 (+/- 8.1 S.D)h respectively. Combined electrophoretic and gamma-spectrometric studies provided no evidence for metabolic interconversion of the alpha 1-antitrypsin forms in the circulation. These observations suggest that rabbit alpha 1-antitrypsins F and S are, despite their close chemical composition and immunological identity, metabolically independent proteins. Therefore the possibility is raised that alpha 1 antitrypsin synthesis in rabbits is controlled by two autosomal genes or two sets of such genes. PMID- 6972215 TI - Anion exchange mechanism for transport of methotrexate in L1210 cells. PMID- 6972216 TI - Immune system modulation and its effect on the blood pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive male and female rat. PMID- 6972217 TI - Enhancement of 5-fluorouracil incorporation into human lymphoblast ribonucleic acid. PMID- 6972220 TI - Package inserts of antirheumatic and antiarthritic drugs. PMID- 6972219 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis: clinical, laboratory, and microscopic considerations. AB - Two patients with clinical and pathologic features of eosinophilic fasciitis manifested serologic and systemic abnormalities that raised the question of the fundamental nature and relationship of eosinophilic fasciitis to scleroderma. In addition to the characteristic features of eosinophilic fasciitis, both patients exhibited arthritis, a predominantly mononuclear cell infiltration of muscles with normal serum muscle enzyme levels, weakly positive serum antinuclear factor, IgA deficiency, and abnormalities of pulmonary function. In addition, one patient had wide-mouthed colonic diverticulae and synovial deposits consistent with amyloid; the second patient had bone marrow hypoplasia. Although corticosteroid therapy was of benefit, hydroxychloroquine and potassium para-aminobenzoate were of further help in controlling the disorder. Biopsies from the two patients revealed inflammatory lesions to be heaviest deep in the skeletal muscle; fascia was only minimally inflamed with mild fibrosis. The findings suggest that striking fibroinflammatory lesions noted in the fascia in some patients with eosinophilic fasciitis may derive largely from spillover of lesions in neighboring skeletal muscle. PMID- 6972218 TI - Three siblings with scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) and two with Raynaud's phenomenon from a single kindred. AB - A kindred is reported which contains 3 siblings with scleroderma, 2 siblings with Raynaud's phenomenon, and 2 first-degree relatives with histories suggestive of connective tissue syndromes. Studies of microvascular morphology and flow, serum endothelial cytotoxic activity, antinuclear antibodies, and HLA haplotypes in 18 relatives and 6 spouses revealed that 4 of 5 affected siblings expressed the HLA DRw4 antigen, which was also present in 2 of 3 asymptomatic relatives whose serum contained endothelial cytotoxic activity. The evidence for an inherited susceptibility to scleroderma is reviewed. PMID- 6972221 TI - Prevalence estimates of communicative disorders in the U.S. Language, hearing and vestibular disorders. PMID- 6972222 TI - Aortocoronary bypass grafting in patients without left main stenosis. Relation of risk factors to early and late survival. AB - Three-hundred and thirty-five patients without left main stenosis or recent acute myocardial infarction underwent isolated aortocoronary bypass grafting during 1974 and 1975. The hospital mortality was 2 per cent for the four-year predicted survival is 94 per cent. Neither the preoperative presence or absence of a progressive or unstable angina pattern, the extent of coronary artery disease, nor the left ventricular ejection fraction predicted postoperative survival. None of the 25 patients whose ejection fraction was 0.30 or less died in the perioperative period, and no late deaths occurred in this subgroup until after 36 months of follow-up, giving a predicted four-year survival rate of 82 per cent. With only one exception, patients in this subgroup were operated on because of angina, which was unstable in three-quarters of them. We believe that this study shows that patients with a severely reduced ejection fraction should not be refused aortocoronary bypass grafting if symptoms of angina are severe and predominate over symptoms of heart failure. PMID- 6972223 TI - T- and B-cell responses in patients with malignant pleural effusions. AB - Lymphocytes of lymphocyte-rich pleural effusions and venous blood from 16 cancer patients, 7 patients with benign pleural effusions and blood from 23 normal blood donors, were examined for cytological features, rosette-forming capacity, immunofluorescent staining, and PHA-stimulated DNA synthesis. Total protein and immunoglobulin levels were also determined. Metastatic effusions revealed approximately 40% higher content of immunoglobulins G, A and M (P less than 0.002) as well as of total protein (P less than 0.005) than non-metastatic pleural effusions. However, the serum of the non-cancer patients contained approximately 50% higher level of Ig than in cancer patients (P less than 0.001). Whilst there was no significant difference in the relative T- or B-cell contents of pleural effusions between cancer and non-cancer patients (P greater than 0.05) spontaneous proliferation of lymphocytes was significantly increased (P greater than 0.01), which led to a lower PHA-stimulated transformation index in pleural effusions from cancer patients than in all other lymphocyte sources examined (P less than 0.001). PMID- 6972224 TI - Immune response to chemically induced tumours: correlation of responding cell class with in vivo inhibition of tumour growth. AB - Lymphoid cells stimulated by soluble tumour antigens in the MCA-induced murine fibrosarcoma system have been identified by subclass and protective capacity in adoptive syngeneic hosts. Lymph-node or spleen cells taken at weekly intervals after inoculation of syngeneic chemically induced fibrosarcomas were enriched by 3 methods in T, B, and "null" cell subclasses, and assayed for proliferative kinetics in response to soluble membrane antigens. The stimulated subpopulations were found to be heterogeneous, their composition varying with time and tumour burden. Initial proliferative responses after tumour inoculation were limited to the T-enriched subpopulation. Later during tumour growth, T, B and null cell fractions were vigorously and equally stimulated by tumour antigen. The ability of the same T, B or null-cell subpopulations to inhibit tumour growth was measured in adoptive hosts by a modified Winn assay. Only the T-cell subpopulation responding to tumour antigen in vitro effectively and consistently retarded tumour growth in vivo. In contrast to the shared specificities on syngeneic tumours identified by the proliferative assay, tumour-growth inhibition was limited to the specific tumour borne by the cell donor. PMID- 6972225 TI - Serum proteins as tumour markers for breast cancer. PMID- 6972226 TI - In vivo effects of PUVA on lymphocytes function. AB - Whole-body exposure to erythemogenic doses of PUVA in normal volunteer subjects resulted in a decrease in the proportion of circulating sheep erythrocyte rosette forming and surface membrane immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes and an increase in the proportion of null cells. Doses of PUVA resulting in minimal or no erythema had similar but less marked effects on lymphocytes. The changes appeared 30 min after exposure, were maximal at 12-16 h and returned to pre-treatment levels by 72 h post-irradiation. The response of lymphocytes to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin was unaffected. No alteration occurred in the absolute numbers of circulating lymphocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6972228 TI - Reconstitution of carotenoids into the light-harvesting pigment-protein complex from the carotenoidless mutant of Rhodopseudomonas as sphaeroides R26. AB - Two carotenoids, neurosporene and spheroidene, have been successfully added to chromatophores from the carotenoidless mutant of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R26. Carotenoids reconstituted in this way into the B-850 light-harvesting pigment-protein complex both sensitive bacteriochlorophyll fluorescence and protect the complex from the photodynamic reaction. PMID- 6972227 TI - Vitamin and mineral nutrition in chronic alcoholics including patients with Korsakoff's psychosis. AB - 1. A group of 129 patients with chronic alcoholism were assessed for their nutritional status with respect to certain minerals and vitamins, and compared with control subjects. 2. In all subjects the plasma values were normal for calcium, magnesium and zinc. 3. As in other studies a seasonal variation was found in the plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the control subjects and the alcoholic subjects; in all seasons lower levels were found in the alcoholics than in the controls, but none of the alcoholic patients had results in the range found in osteomalacia. 4. The alcoholic subjects had low levels of ascorbic acid both in the plasma and in the leucocytes. 5. Although vitamin A and beta-carotene levels were within the reference range, the results in alcoholics were found to be lower than in the control subjects. 6. We suggest that subclinical vitamin deficiencies other than thiamine deficiency contribute to the cerebral impairment frequently found in alcoholism. PMID- 6972229 TI - Transient states in reaction centers containing reduced bacteriopheophytin. AB - Photosynthetic reaction centers isolated from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain R-26 were excited with non-saturating 7-ps, 600-nm flashes under various conditions, and the resulting absorbance changes were measured. If the quinone electron acceptor (Q) is in the oxidized state, flash excitation generates a transient state (PF), in which an electron has moved from the primary electron donor (P, a dimer of bacteriochlorophylls) to an acceptor complex involving a special bacteriopheophytin (H) and another bacteriochlorophyll (B). PF decays in 200 ps as an electron moves from H to Q and the acceptor complex are reduced photochemically before the excitation, the flash generates a different transient state of P with a high quantum yield. This state decays with a lifetime of 340 ps. There is no indication of electron transfer from P to B under these conditions, but this does not rule out the possibility that B is an intermediate electron carrier between P and H. Measurements of the yield of fluorescence from P under various conditions show that the 340 ps state is not the fluorescent excited singlet state of P. The transient state could be a triplet state, a charge-transfer state of P, or another excited singlet state that is not fluorescent. PMID- 6972230 TI - Orientation of intrinsic proteins in photosynthetic membranes. Polarized infrared spectroscopy of chloroplasts and chromatophores. AB - In order to estimate the degree of orientation of the alpha-helices of intrinsic proteins in photosynthetic membranes, polarized infrared spectroscopy has been used to measure the dichroism of the amide I and amide II absorption bands of air dried oriented samples of purple membranes, chloroplasts and chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Using purple membrane, in which the orientation of the alpha-helices is precisely known (Henderson, R. (1977) Annu. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 6, 87-109), as a standard to calibrate our measurements and estimating the mosaic spread (extent of orientation) of the membranes from linear dichroism measurements performed in the visible spectral range, it is concluded that in photosynthetic membranes, the alpha-helices of intrinsic proteins are tilted at less than 40 degrees with respect to the normal to the plane of the membrane. PMID- 6972231 TI - Purification and reconstitution of the steroid 21-hydroxylase system (cytochrome P-450-linked mixed function oxidase system) of bovine adrenocortical microsomes. AB - The steroid 21-hydroxylase system was purified from bovine adrenocortical microsomes. The physicochemical properties of NADPH-cytochrome P-450s21 were studied. The properties of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (EC 1.6.2.4) of bovine adrenocortical microsomes have been reported previously (Hiwatashi, A. and Ichikawa, Y. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 580, 44-63). The steroid 21 hydroxylase system was reconstituted by cytochrome P-450s21 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in the presence of detergent. The substrate specificity of the cytochrome P-450s21 was examined with the reconstituted system. The enzyme system was active in the 21-hydroxylations of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone, and the N-demethylation of (+)-benzphetamine. The cytochrome P 450s21 purified to as high as 16-17 nmol per mg protein was an electrophoretically pure glycoprotein. The molecular weight of the cytochrome P 450s21 was estimated to be 47 500 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Although cytochrome P-450scc or cytochrome P-45011 beta of bovine adrenocortical mitochondria did not react with antibody to cytochrome P-450BPA of bovine liver microsomes, the cytochrome P-450s21 formed an immunoprecipitin line against the antibody to cytochrome P-450BPA in the Ouchterlony double diffusion test. PMID- 6972232 TI - [Adenylate cyclase from rat thymus and spleen lymphocytes]. AB - It was found that adenylate cyclase from spleen lymphocytes is more active as compared to that from thymocytes, but is less sensitive to the activating effect of epinephrine and NaF. Adenylate cyclase from different subcellular fractions of thymocytes has different sensitivity to NaF. In the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions the enzyme is inhibited by NaF 7- and 2-fold, while in cell lysate and nuclear-cellular fractions it is activated 3- and 9-fold, respectively. In the presence of NaF adenosine, AMP, PPi and methylene diphosphonic acid inhibit the enzyme activity both in thymus and spleen lymphocytes. Creatine and CrP also significantly decrease the enzyme activity. NH4+ and concanavalin A have no effect and phytohemagglutinin stimulates the enzyme from both sources. PMID- 6972233 TI - [Glutathione peroxidase activity of frog eye pigment epithelium]. AB - A highly active glutathione peroxidase (80% of which is localized in the water soluble fraction) was detected in frog eye pigment epithelium tissue. It was shown that more than 75% of the glutathione peroxidase activity of the pigment epithelium tissue is bound to the Se-dependent enzyme. The Km values for glutathione and tret-butyl hydroperoxide were determined. It was found that Se, being a constituent of the melanoprotein granules, is not coupled to glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 6972234 TI - [Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by melanoprotein granules]. AB - The effects of melanoprotein granules of the eye pigment epithelium and synthetic melanin on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and azolectin liposomes were studied. It was shown that lipid peroxidation in the microsomes and liposomes induced by ascorbate or the Fe2+ + ascorbate system is effectively inhibited by the melanoprotein granules and synthetic melanin. The enzymatic lipid peroxidation in the microsomes induced by NADPH and NADPH + Fe2+ is insensitive to the effect of the melanoprotein granules, but is inhibited by synthetic melanin. It is assumed that melanin is mainly responsible for the inhibitory action of the melanoprotein granules. PMID- 6972235 TI - Tumor promoting agent induces lymphocyte mitogenic factor. AB - Human peripheral mononuclear cells treated with tumor promoting agent, 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), released a soluble lymphocyte mitogenic factor (MF). The MF was found to be a protein capable of eliciting a proliferative response in normal human lymphocytes within 40-46 hours. The MF was detected in the culture supernatant fluid as early as 12 hours after TPA treatment and reached maximum at 48 hours. The biochemical characterization of MF is under active investigation. PMID- 6972237 TI - Lanthanide probes in biological systems: characterization of luminescence excitation spectra of terbium complexes with proteins. AB - Upon irradiation in the ultraviolet region aromatic chromophores may transfer energy to a nearby Tb3+, which in turn emits a green phosphorescence. This paper reports the characterization of the ultraviolet excitation spectra of aromatic chromophores capable of transferring energy to Tb3+ by monitoring of the green Tb3+ emission in the 540-550 nm region. Results are included for complexes containing phenyl, hydroxyphenyl, indole, and catechol chromophores. Characteristic excitation spectra are presented for the aromatic chromophores occurring as side chains in proteins. Though it is preferable to compare entire excitation spectra, the ratio of intensities at 292 to 276 nm, R, is suggested as a useful diagnostic criterion. Numerical R valves are indicative of the following aromatic side chains as the energy donor to Tb3+: R less than 0.2, unionized tyrosine; R = 0.5 to 1.0, tryptophan; and R less than 1.8, ionized tyrosine. The phenylalanyl chromophore displays a definitive excitation spectrum at shorter wavelengths. For ovotransferrin R = 0.9 and comparison of the full excitation spectra suggests that it contains comparable contributions from both ionized tyrosine and tryptophan side chains. Some difficulties in obtaining reliable excitation spectra are described. An analysis of inner-filtering of incident light reveals that for an absorbance less than 0.8 the excitation spectrum is broadened and flattened compared to the absorption spectrum. At maximum absorbances greater than 0.8 false maxima may appear to both sides of a real maximum. Two spurious maxima in an excitation spectrum were generated in a Tb3+ complex and compared to the correct excitation spectrum of the same complex obtained at lower absorbance. PMID- 6972236 TI - The balance between primary forward and back reactions in bacterial photosynthesis. AB - The temperature dependence of the bacteriochlorophyll fluorescence and reaction center triplet yield in while cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain 2.4.1 and of the magnetic field-induced fluorescence increase are calculated, taking into account rate constants of losses in the antenna system and of charge separation and recombination in the reaction center. Triplet and singlet yield after recombination in the reaction center are described by the radical pair mechanism. Good fits of the theoretically calculated temperature dependence with published experimental results could be obtained, assuming that ks, the rate constant for recombination of the charges on the primary donor P+ and the reduced intermediate acceptor I- to the lowest excited singlet state P*I of the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll, is temperature-dependent via the Boltzmann factor Kso exp(-delta E/kT), where delta E is the energy difference between P*I and P+I- and kso is the frequency factor. kg and/or kt, the rate constants for recombination to the singlet ground and triplet states, respectively, were assumed to be temperature-independent, or temperature-dependent via their exothermicity factors ki = CiT-1/2 exp(-Ei/kT) with i = g, t. Depending on the particular choice for the temperature dependence of kg and kt, best fits were obtained for delta E = 45 75 meV and recombination rate constants at 300 K of ks = 0.4-0.8 ns-1, kg = 0.08 0.12 ns-1, and kt = 0.3-0.5 ns-1. The model predicts a lifetime of the radical pair P+I- that is somewhat larger than that of delayed fluorescence; a magnetic field increases both. PMID- 6972239 TI - Regulation of in vitro erythropoiesis by normal T cells: evidence for two T-cell subsets with opposing function. AB - Cellular interactions responsible for regulating in vitro erythropoiesis were studied using murine monoclonal antibodies recognizing antigens expressed by human mononuclear cells. Cell populations of interest were negatively selected by complement-dependent cytotoxicity and then evaluated for their effect on in vitro growth of erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E). The data suggest that normal peripheral blood T cells contain at least two functionally distinct subpopulations with opposing regulatory effects: one that enhances burst formation had one that limits burst formation. Whether these effects are mediated by direct interactions of T cells with BFU-E or with auxillary cells remains to be determined. PMID- 6972240 TI - Distribution of complement receptor subtypes in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B-cell origin. AB - Surface receptors specific for either the C4b (CR1) or C3d (CR2) component of complement were examined on the neoplastic cells from 30 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B-cell origin and on cells derived from 9 normal lymphoid tissues. Lymphocyte suspensions from non-neoplastic peripheral blood, tonsils, and lymph node contained three categories of complement receptor lymphocytes (CRL): cells with receptors for both C4b and C3d (CR1+, CR2+); cells with receptors for C4b but not C3d (CR1+, CR2-), and cells with receptors for C3d but not C4b (CR1-, CR2+). The mean of the proportion of total CRL expressing receptors only of C3d (CR1-, CR2+) was 0.35 for non-neoplastic tissues and 0.28 for malignant lymphomas of follicular center cell (FCC) origin. However, the proportion of cells with this phenotype was significantly higher in well differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas (WDL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (0.65) and in intermediately differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas (IDL) (0.59). Histologic compartmentalization of the CRL subtypes was observed in frozen sections of normal lymphoid tissue. CR1+ cells were present in lymphoid follicles interfollicular areas, and in splenic red pulp. CR2+ cells were confined to lymphoid follicles. These findings strongly suggest that complement receptor phenotypes may be useful markers of B-cell differentiation. PMID- 6972238 TI - Evidence for a multistep pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - To study the relationship of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) to the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia, multiple B-lymphoid cell lines were established from a patient with Ph1-positive leukemia who was heterozygous for the X-chromosome-linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Both A and B types of enzyme were found in a 1:1 proportion in normal tissues, but 45 of 63 (71%) Ph1-negative B-lymphoid cells lines derived from this patient showed only the single glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (type B) found in the Ph1-positive leukemic clone. Furthermore, 8 of 33 analyzable lines with B-type enzyme had chromosomal aberrations compared to 0 of 14 lines with A-type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. These results provide evidence for the suggestion that some cells of the abnormal clone do not express the Ph1 abnormality. Thus, acquisition of Ph1 may not be a sufficient cause for the disease. It is possible that at least two steps are involved in the pathogenesis of Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia, one causing abnormal proliferation of a clone of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and the other inducing Ph1 in descendants of these progenitors. PMID- 6972241 TI - Appearance of B- or T-lymphocyte markers after diffusion chamber culture of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. AB - Blast cells derived from blood and marrow samples of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), as well as from the Reh line originally established from an ALL patient, were cultured in diffusion chambers implanted i.p. into preirradiated CBA mice. At different intervals over a period of up to 20 days, surface immunoglobulins, ALL antigen, and T-cell antigen were investigated by using direct immunofluorescence. Rosette formation was tested with sheep and mouse erythrocytes. On day 0, the cells expressed only ALL antigen at the surface, and no rosette formation was observed. During culture the patient's lymphoblasts, which originally had cytoplasmic IgM in addition to ALL antigen, expressed surface immunoglobulins as well as mouse erythrocyte receptors. The Reh line cells were ambivalent in two experiments developing T-cell antigens and sheep erythrocyte receptors as well as mouse erythrocyte receptors. Our data suggest that the differentiation arrest in leukemic lymphoblasts can be overcome, thus entailing a surface pattern similar to mature T- or B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6972242 TI - On the calcium receptor that mediates depolarization-secretion coupling at cholinergic motor nerve terminals. AB - 1 The behaviour of the divalent cations Ca and Sr as agonists for receptors that mediate the synchronous evoked secretion of acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in the hope of determining whether the relationship between Ca binding and ACh secretion is determined only by the law of mass action or by the mathematical framework of receptor theory. Experiments were designed to evaluate the assumption that maximum effect requires occupation of all receptors by testing for the presence of spare Ca receptors on presynaptic terminals. Frog cutaneous nerve-muscle preparations were employed in conjunction with conventional electrophysiological methods.2 Curves of log [Ca] or log [Sr] against the mean number of ACh quanta released (m) were constructed to saturation. The log [Sr]-m relationship was shifted to the right and had a smaller maximum than the log [Ca] m curve. This suggests that Ca has a higher efficacy than Sr and raises the possibility that spare binding sites are present for Ca.3 As a qualitative test for spare Ca receptors, La(3+) (>/=0.5 mum) or 2-chloroadenosine (25 mum) was employed as an irreversible antagonist of the effects of extracellular Ca on evoked ACh release. Despite the irreversible blockade of a proportion of receptors, increases in the [Ca] overcame this antagonism and produced a parallel shift in the log [Ca]-m relation to the right. This suggests an apparent receptor reserve for Ca. Antagonism of Sr-mediated ACh release by either La(3+) or 2 chloroadenosine could not be overcome by increasing the [Sr].4 As a quantitative test for spare Ca binding sites, the equilibrium affinity constant for Sr(K(Sr)) as a competitive inhibitor of Ca was determined and compared with values for K(Sr) calculated by two other methods which invoke the spare receptor assumption. All three methods produced comparable results. (K(Sr) = 0.24-0.27 mm(-1)).5 The equilibrium affinity constant for Ca (K(Ca)) was calculated by comparing reciprocal plots of the concentrations of Ca that produce equal levels of ACh release in the presence and absence of La(3+) (0.5 mum-3 mum). K(Ca) was estimated to be between 0.02 and 0.06 mm(-1).6 Efficacy (e), which is thought to reflect the ability of Ca or Sr once bound to receptors to support ACh release, was determined by the modified occupation theory of Stephenson (1956). The e(Ca) was estimated to be 9-20 and e(Sr) was 0.2-0.5.7 The experimentally determined values for K(Ca), K(Sr), e(Ca), e(Sr) along with the assumptions that spare Ca binding sites exist and that the non-linearities in the log [Ca] or log [Sr]-m curves are introduced beyond the sites of binding and efficacy were used to generate theoretical log [Me]-m curves. The theoretical relationships were similar to the experimental results.8 The results suggest that spare Ca receptors are present at motor nerve endings and that receptor theory provides an accurate quantitative description of the lumped events between Ca binding and ACh secretion. The possible physical correlates of affinity and efficacy are discussed. PMID- 6972245 TI - [Serum uric acid levels in some rheumatic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972244 TI - Sclerosing granuloma inguinale. AB - A 21-year-old European male patient presented with a penile sore of two months' duration. Donovan bodies were detected in a tissue smear from the lesion, which healed after treatment with co-trimoxazole. Sclerosing granuloma inguinale was diagnosed. PMID- 6972243 TI - In vivo pharmacological studies on the interactions between tryptamine and 5 hydroxytryptamine. AB - 1 Three methods have been used in an attempt to study the interactions of tryptamine with central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) systems. 2 In grups of mice pretreated with tranylcypromine, tryptamine reduced the number of mice showing head twitches following the 5-HT precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan. This effect was not seen in mice pretreated with saline and tryptamine itself did not induce head twitches in either group. 3 The swallowing reflex induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan in rats anaesthetized with urethane was substantially reduced by tryptamine injected into the internal carotid artery. This effect was seen in rats pretreated with saline or tranylcypromine, in the latter case the effects being more profound and longer lasting. In addition, swallowing evoked by the 5-HT uptake blocker, fluoxetine, and the 5-HT releaser, p-chloroamphetamine, was also reduced by tryptamine. 4 5-HT or noradrenaline injected intravenously into 5 day old chicks caused a dose-dependent behavioural depression resembling sleep. Tryptamine at high doses caused behavioural alerting effects. Tryptamine at low doses had no overt effects but enhanced depression induced by 5-HT. At behaviourally excitatory doses tryptamine reduced the duration of the 5-HT depression. Noradrenaline-induced depression was not affected by high or low doses of tryptamine. 5 The results show that tryptamine can have complex actions on 5-HT systems depending on the parameter studied and support the notion that tryptamine may be a controlling factor in 5-HT-mediated transmission. PMID- 6972246 TI - The effects of vascular catheterization upon heart rate and blood pressure before aorto-coronary bypass surgery. AB - Ten patients presenting for aorto-coronary bypass surgery were premedicated with their regular dose of propranolol and nitrates and diazepam 0.15 mg x kg-1 by mouth, morphine 0.15 mg x kg-1 and scopolamine 0.4 mg intramuscularly, 60 to 90 minutes before arrival in the operating room. Venous, arterial and pulmonary artery catheterizations were done under local anaesthesia. No significant changes were noted in systolic blood pressure and rate pressure product. Heart rate was decreased after internal jugular puncture and for the remainder of the study. PaCO2 increased and PaO2 decreased from values obtained the day before operation. Cardiovascular stability during vascular catheterization was achieved by emphasizing a detailed preoperative explanation, maintenance of beta-blockade up to the time of operation, substantial sedative premedication, and the liberal use of local anaesthesia. PMID- 6972247 TI - Current status of aortocoronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6972249 TI - Tumor promoter-induced inhibition of epidermal growth factor binding to cultured mouse primary epidermal cells. AB - The effect of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and other diterpene derivatives on the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to primary cultures of mouse epidermal cells was studied. 125I-EGF was used to study the specific binding of the growth factor to monolayer cultures of mouse epidermal cells grown under low-calcium culture conditions (0.06 mM Ca2+). Under these growth conditions, nonspecific binding did not exceed 10%. Initially, TPA decreased the binding of 125I-EGF to cells. However, when cells were incubated continuously in TPA plus EGF (0.25 ng/ml) for 19 hr, there was more EGF bound to the TPA-treated cells than to control cells. This phenomenon was not observed at high (5 ng/mg) EGF concentrations. Scatchard analysis of specific 125I-EGF binding at 4 degrees after a 1-hr pretreatment of the cells with TPA at 37 degrees converted a curvilinear plot to a linear plot. TPA induced a 25% decrease in the number of receptors per cell and eliminated binding of EGF to a class of high-affinity receptors. Preincubation of cells in TPA at 37 degrees for up to 13 hr followed by Scatchard analysis at 4 degrees showed that the curvilinear plot was restored and that the effects of TPA were partially reversible. TPA did not alter the rate at which bound EGF was degraded. However, at low EGF concentrations, TPA reduced the amount of EGF that was metabolized. The greater amount of EGF bound to TPA-treated cells over controls after long-term incubation was due to the presence of larger amounts of whole EGF in the media of TPA treated cells at a time when the cells have regained their ability to bind EGF. A series of diterpene derivatives of different abilities to act as tumor promoters and hyperplasia-inducing agents were tested for their ability to influence EGF binding. The abilities of members of this series to decrease EGF binding and prevent degradation of EGF correlated more with their potentials to induce hyperplasia than with their tumor-promoting potentials. The ability of these diterpene derivatives to induced DNA synthesis with EGF synergistically may depend on the transient sparing of the EGF from degradation and subsequent binding of the spared EGF. PMID- 6972248 TI - Specific immunosuppressive effects of constant infusion of 2'-deoxycoformycin. AB - The effect of continuous infusion into C57BL/6J mice of 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF), a tight-binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, on the biological function of bone marrow stem cells and T- and B-lymphocytes was evaluated. Greater than 85% inhibition of adenosine deaminase in erythrocytes, thymus, and bone marrow was noted after DCF infusion at 0.4 mg per kg body weight per day, while lesser extents of inhibition were characteristic of spleen and lymph nodes. The reconstitution of lethally irradiated C57BL/6J mice with bone marrow cells from DCF- and 0.9% NaCl infused mice of the same strain was compared. The two groups of animals were virtually identical with respect to (a) the number of spleen colony-forming units, (b) the response of splenic lymphocytes to both B- and T cell mitogens, (c) hematological analysis of peripheral blood elements, and (d) survival time, thus strongly supporting the lack of effect of DCF infusion on the capacity of stem cells to differentiate. In contradistinction, DCF infusion was highly lymphocytotoxic as noted by the severe necrosis in both B- and T-cell regions in lymph nodes and spleen and by the dramatic weight reduction in spleen and thymus. Histopathology of other tissues including bone marrow was normal except for the occurrence of hepatitis. A striking decrease in blastogenesis induced by the mitogens concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides was also observed after DCF infusion. Consistent with these data, in vitro incubation of bone marrow cells with DCF did not impair the number of spleen colony-forming units produced in lethally irradiated mice. These data suggest a potential use for adenosine deaminase inhibitors in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease in hematopoietic transplantation. PMID- 6972251 TI - Systemic adoptive transfer of immunity to 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - Rats cured of metastatic 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma by Corynebacterium parvum immunotherapy possess strong tumor-specific rejection immunity. Systemic adoptive transfer of lymphoreticular cells from cured rat donors conferred protective immunity on naive recipients. Fewer oil-induced peritoneal exudate cells than lymph node cells were required to transfer tumor rejection immunity. The adoptive immunity was specific since it strongly inhibited 13762A tumor growth but did not inhibit the growth of the antigenically unrelated R3230AC rat mammary tumor. Rats sensitized to the bacterial immune stimulant used to effect cure were unsuitable donors of PEC capable of transferring tumor rejection immunity. Macrophages or bone marrow-derived lymphocytes from immune donors did not transfer immunity. Treatment of peritoneal exudate with a xenogeneic antiserum specific for rat thymus-derived lymphocytes significantly reduced the efficiency of transfer. We conclude that thymus-derived lymphocytes from rats cured of 13762A tumor were required for the adoptive transfer of tumor-specific rejection immunity. PMID- 6972250 TI - Induction of T- and B-lymphocyte responses in antigenically stimulated athymic mice. AB - Antigenic stimulation of athymic mice on the BALB/c background by infection with the pinworms Aspiculuris tetraptera and Syphacia obvelata or by xenografts of human tumors induced a proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes in spleen and lymph nodes and occasional germinal center formation. The proliferating T-lymphocytes showed greater fluorescence per cell than the Thy 1-positive cells from unstimulated athymic mice when examined by cytofluorography using anti-Thy 1 antiserum. The proliferating T-lymphocytes were shown to be functional by their ability to help mount an in vivo antibody response to sheep erythrocytes and other thymus-dependent antigens. Spleen cells cultures taken from mice at early stages of antigenic stimulation responded in vitro to the thymus-dependent mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. However, spleen cell cultures taken from mice chronically stimulated by foreign antigens were apparently already maximally stimulated and showed no further stimulation when incubated with concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin in vitro. PMID- 6972252 TI - Effect of tunicamycin on production by mouse fibroblast L929 cells of the factor stimulating differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells and the colony stimulating factor. AB - Mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells can be induced to differentiate into macrophages and granulocytes in vitro by a factor(s) stimulating differentiation of the cells (D-factor), which is suggested to be a glycoprotein. On the other hand, growth and differentiation of normal precursor cells of macrophages and granulocytes can be stimulated by a glycoprotein termed colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Mouse fibroblast L929 cells were found to produce both the D-factor and CSF. The properties of the D-factor and CSF and the roles of carbohydrates in the molecules of these factors were examined using tunicamycin, a specific inhibitor of asparaginase-linked glycosylation. Although both the D-factor and CSF were produced by L-cells in usual medium containing fetal calf serum, production of D factor, but not CSF, was reduced by omission of serum from the medium. The activity of the D-factor was slightly decreased by treating the L-cells with tunicamycin (0.5 microgram/ml) in the presence of 2% fetal calf serum, without any decrease in CSF activity. Conditioned medium of L-cells incubated with or without tunicamycin was fractionated by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column. Normal D-factor appeared as a single peak with an apparent molecular weight of 67,000. D-factor produced in the presence of tunicamycin had an apparent molecular weight of 25,000. On the other hand, most of the CSF was eluted in the void volume, even when it was produced in the presence of tunicamycin. The D-factor produced in the presence of tunicamycin was more sensitive than normal D-factor was to trypsin or heat treatment at 70 degrees. The CSF produced in the presence of tunicamycin was resistant to these treatments. These results indicate that the D-factor is distinct from CSF. Furthermore, the results suggest that the D-factor produced by L-cells is also a glycoprotein and that, although carbohydrate is not essential for production or activity of the D-factor, it contributes to stabilizing the protein portion of D factor. PMID- 6972257 TI - [Ischaemic heart disease after direct myocardial revascularization. Functional examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972254 TI - Toxicity and immunosuppressive activity of binary combinations of 2' deoxycoformycin and 2'-deoxyadenosine. AB - Treatment of mice with 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCf) for 5 days produced inhibition of spleen and lymph node adenosine deaminase (E. C. 3.5.4.4) activity but no hematologic toxicity or weight loss. A 64-fold elevation of erythrocyte dATP was observed. However, if mice were injected with 2'-deoxyadenosine (AdR) in combination with dCf, weight loss, hematologic toxicity, and liver cell necrosis occurred. These mice had a severe blood coagulation defect and a 73-fold elevation of plasma alanine transaminase activity, plasma prealbumin became undetectable, and erythrocyte dATP levels were elevated 1500-fold. Death during treatment appeared to be from acute liver failure since bone marrow toxicity was only detected following termination of treatment. These effects were not seen in mice receiving adenosine in combination with dCf. dCf, either alone or in combination with AdR, inhibited the contact sensitization to oxazalone in mice. The inhibition was associated with signs of systemic toxicity which were more pronounced in the combination-treated groups. If dATP is the toxic metabolic accumulated in the malignant cells of patients treated with dCf, we propose that AdR supplementation of treatment should be considered with extreme caution since severe damage to normal tissues might result. PMID- 6972255 TI - Phase II study of high-dose methotrexate in patients with unresectable metastatic osteosarcoma. PMID- 6972258 TI - Inaccuracy of estimations of s phase fraction by reduction in cloning efficiency with hydroxyurea or tritiated thymidine. AB - The current hypothesis, that the fractional reduction of cloning efficiency in semi-solid culture systems induced by pretreatment of the cells with hydroxyurea (HU) or [3H]TdR equals the fraction of cells initially in S phase, is tested. A lymphoblastoid cell line, SK-L7, with known cell cycle kinetics was exposed to cytotoxic concentrations of HU or suicidal doses of [3H]TdR and then initiated in semi-solid and liquid culture. Although approximately 0.6 of the initial population was in S, 1-hr exposures of HU at concentrations of up to 10(-2) M failed to reduce subsequent cloning efficiency. The 1-hr exposure to HU did not reduce either the immediate cell number or the gross population doubling rate over 24 hr. A 24-hr exposure to 10(-3) M HU reduced the cloning efficiency by approximately 98%, confirming the drug's cytotoxic capability. [3H]TdR at doses of 100 microCi/ml for 20--40 min reduced the cloning efficiency by approximately 60 and 70%, respectively. Although no cytotoxicity immediately after exposure was observed in either case, gross population doubling rate in liquid culture was reduced. While HU failed to reduce subsequent cloning efficiency, [3H]TdR reduced cloning efficiency by approximately the fraction of initial cells in S. The above hypothesis, therefore, cannot be applied naively as a technique for quantitating the fraction of a clonogenic cell population in S phase. PMID- 6972253 TI - Kinetics of the acute-phase reaction in rats after tumor transplantation. AB - Transplantation of Yoshida sarcoma (solid type) and Zajdela ascites hepatoma tumors in rats induces a biphasic change in the concentration of the following five acute-phase proteins: alpha-1-acid glycoprotein; alpha-1-antitrypsin; haptoglobin; hemopexin; and ceruloplasmin. These proteins and other plasma proteins were quantitated by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis relative to normal serum concentrations. The elevation of most of these acute-phase proteins was greater in the second phase, during which serum levels increased continuously as the tumor burden increased until the animals died. The increase in haptoglobin concentration during the second phase was much higher in rats bearing Yoshida sarcoma than in rats bearing Zajdela tumors. Rats receiving irradiated tumor cells showed neither tumor growth nor second-phase protein changes. Significant increases in uptake of 3H-amino acids by isolated perfused livers of tumor bearing rats provided evidence for an increase in the hepatic synthesis rates of the acute-phase proteins. Removal of the solid tumor resulted in a gradual decrease of acute-phase protein concentrations with concomitant increase in serum albumin concentration. These alterations in serum acute-phase proteins during tumor growth and after removal of the tumor may make their use attractive as biological markers of the response of the tumor-bearing animal to its tumor. PMID- 6972256 TI - [A contribution to the problem of slow healing bone fractures (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972259 TI - Allelic exclusion and nonproductive immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. PMID- 6972262 TI - Effects of lymphotoxin on target-cell plasma-membrane lipids. PMID- 6972261 TI - Induction of homotypic and heterotypic T- and B-cell immunity with influenza A virus in mice. PMID- 6972260 TI - Supernatants from lymphoid cell lines induce autologous rosette formation and mitogenesis in murine B lymphocytes. PMID- 6972263 TI - Natural cytotoxic autoantibody against thymocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6972266 TI - Desensitization in mice: T-cell requirement for nonspecific suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 6972267 TI - Negative selection experiments support the idea that T-T help is required for the H-Y specific cytotoxic T cell response. PMID- 6972265 TI - Induction in vivo of enhancing factors for antibody production. II. Ig-antigen complexes formed within 6 hours after immunization markedly enhance antibody formation. PMID- 6972264 TI - Thy and Ly markers on lymphocytes initiating tumor rejection. PMID- 6972269 TI - Isogeneic lymphocyte interactions (ILI) in CBA/N mice: presence of ILI-type 2 and absence of ILI-type 1. PMID- 6972270 TI - Modulation of T-cell function. II. Chemical basis for the involvement of cell surface thiol-reactive sites in control of T-cell proliferation. PMID- 6972271 TI - [T and B lymphocytes in laryngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 6972268 TI - The effect of thymosin on glucocorticoid receptors in lymphoid cells. PMID- 6972272 TI - [Selection of patients with neurologic diseases for treatment with the neuromuscular stimulator LSN 105]. PMID- 6972273 TI - [Treatment of esophageal varices using Murphy device (author's transl)]. AB - Bleeding esophageal varices in 7 children (5 with extra-hepatic obstruction and 2 with intra-hepatic obstruction) were treated by ligation of the esophagus on a Murphy button. Two patients died, one presenting mesenteric infarction following splenectomy, the other due to mismanagement of post-operative esophagus stenosis. Among the 5 surviving patients, the fact that no recurrent bleeding was noted and the complete disappearance of varices on X ray and endoscopy with a 2-6/12 year follow up demonstrate the efficiency of this treatment. The authors stress upon the precautions enabling to reduce the morbidity of this procedure (esophageal stenosis) giving otherwise good result in the management of bleeding esophageal varices in children. PMID- 6972274 TI - Soluble and particulate activators of complement and granulomatous pulmonary reactions. AB - In order to test the hypothesis that the histological changes of extrinsic allergic alveolitis result from non-specific activation of the complement cascade we studied pulmonary reactions to equivalent doses of soluble and particulate activators of complement in rats. A single intratracheal instillation of zymosan, a particulate activator of the complement system, produced a florid granulomatous pneumonitis which was maximal at 5 days. This granulomatous reaction did not appear to be associated with the development of hypersensitivity to zymosan. Complement depletion by cobra venom factor did not suppress the granulomatous reaction. Equivalent doses of soluble activators of complement failed to produce any inflammatory changes in the lung. Large doses of immune complex produced an acute, complement dependent, haemorrhagic alveolitis which was maximal at 8 hr and which resolved completely by 48 hr. We conclude that the late granulomatous pulmonary reaction to intra-tracheally administered zymosan is not due to an immune response, or a consequence of direct activation of the alternative pathway of complement, but is of 'foreign body' type. We urge caution in drawing conclusions regarding the pathogenesis of the allergic alveolitides on histological appearances alone. PMID- 6972275 TI - Studies on the sub-banding of creatine kinase MM and the "CK conversion factor". AB - In serum, the M subunit of creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes, MM and MB, is modified by a heat labile factor. As a result of the modification three sub-bands of MM and two of MB can be demonstrated by agarose electrophoresis. Normal sera contain MM1 as the dominant sub-band with lesser amounts of MM2 and MM3. Following tissue damage the MM sub-band distribution changes as a result of the increased release of MM, which occurs as MM3. Immediately after coronary bypass surgery MM3 is the dominant sub-band to be replaced by MM2 and in turn by MM1. The factor responsible for the modification of the M subunit, the "CK conversion factor" has been partially purified and its molecular weight determined. PMID- 6972276 TI - Rapid eye movements reflecting neurological disorders. AB - The accuracy and velocity of voluntary saccades together with the velocity of fact phases of nystagmus were studied in 26 patients belonging to 4 groups with defined neurological disorders. Patients with speech disorders of the dyspraxia type, indicating the lesion in the left frontal cortex, showed a pronounced decrease in saccadic accuracy in combination with normal saccadic and quick phase velocity. Patients with pontine disorders showed a significant decrease in the peak velocity of saccades and quick phases of nystagmus while the accuracy of the saccades ranged from normal to severely disturbed. Patients with acute meningo encephalitis showed increases in peak velocity of saccades and of quick phases of nystagmus and the accuracy was somewhat reduced. Patients with a labyrinthine disease showed normal velocity of saccades and of quick phases as well as normal accuracy of saccades. PMID- 6972277 TI - Diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in infants and children with Tc-99m-diethyl IDA imaging. AB - Thirteen infants and children from 42 days to 14 years old with hepatobiliary disease underwent Tc-99m-diethyl-IDA hepatobiliary imaging. Five patients had biliary atresia, four had biliary hypoplasia, two had neonatal hepatitis, and there were single examples of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and congenital hepatic fibrosis. Tc-99m-diethyl-IDA imaging accurately differentiated biliary atresia (complete bile duct obstruction) from other forms of childhood hepatobiliary disease by demonstrating no intestinal radioactivity in the former and the presence of intestinal radioactivity in the latter. In addition, two of four patients with biliary hypoplasia had nonhomogeneous parenchymal transit, and the one patient with congenital hepatic fibrosis showed possible intrahepatic cysts. In conclusion, these preliminary data indicate that Tc-99m-diethyl-IDA provides information not previously available with I-131-rose bengal; this information is likely to be useful in the noninvasive evaluation of childhood hepatobiliary disease. PMID- 6972278 TI - Persistent purulent otitis media. AB - Of 429 children with acute otitis media who returned for follow-up evaluation, 49 (11%) were unresponsive to a 10- to 14-day course of ampicillin, amoxicillin, or erythromycin/sulfisoxazole. Patients with persistent purulent otitis media were noted to have immobile, bulging, yellow or grey, abscessed tympanic membranes at the follow-up visit. A myringotomy was performed on 45 children. Cultures of middle-ear exudate yielded ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in 14 (31%), ampicillin-susceptible pathogens (H. influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae) in 23 (51%), and no growth in 8 (18%). PMID- 6972280 TI - Evaluation of local anesthetic hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 6972282 TI - Antianxiety, sedative hypnotics. PMID- 6972281 TI - Ketamine in modern dental practice. PMID- 6972283 TI - Floss holders: What do periodontists think of them? PMID- 6972279 TI - Use of the ambulatory center for dental care. PMID- 6972286 TI - Respiratory care update! Pulmonary effects from marijuana smoking. PMID- 6972284 TI - Current concepts in pain control. PMID- 6972285 TI - Human parathyroid gland adenylate cyclase activity: inhibition by 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol in vitro. AB - 1. Plasma membranes were prepared from parathyroid adenomas in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and from hyperplastic glands obtained from patients with chronic renal insufficiency. The basal and isoproterenol- or sodium fluoride stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were measured in membranes in the presence of several vitamin D3 metabolites. 2. 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (10 and 1000 pmol/l) decreased isoproterenol- and sodium fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities in membranes prepared from parathyroid glands. 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol (1000 pmol/l) inhibited the isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol and vitamin D3 had no effect on adenylate cyclase activities. Basal adenylate cyclase activity was not affected by any of th vitamin D3 metabolites tested. 3. These results indicate that 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol inhibits the isoproterenol- and sodium fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities in parathyroid tissues. Such an inhibition could explain the very rapid decrease in parathyroid hormone secretion after 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol administration that has been previously reported. PMID- 6972287 TI - The effect of cryopreservation on committed stem cells (CFU-c's) in humans. PMID- 6972288 TI - Platelet-dependent serum factor that stimulates the proliferation of epidermal cells in vitro. AB - Agglutinated platelets are known to release a factor that stimulates the growth of arterial smooth muscle cells or dermal fibroblasts. The present study was designed to see the effect of this platelet factor on epidermal cells. The growth of cultured epidermal cells and dermal fibroblasts obtained from guinea pig ear skin was observed using 10% platelet-rich serum or platelet-poor serum in the culture medium. These sera were prepared from fresh human blood according to the method described by Ross. The cell growth was checked by counting the number of cells in culture or by the uptake of labeled thymidine by the cells. The platelet rich serum significantly stimulated the growth of epidermal cells as well as fibroblasts as compared with the platelet-poor serum. This implies that platelet factor released after injury to cutaneous vessels in trauma or inflammation plays an important role in initiating proliferation of epidermal cells and dermal fibroblasts. PMID- 6972290 TI - Diverticular disease of the colon: surgical perspectives in the past decade. AB - Review of 475 cases of diverticular disease of the colon emphasized needs to stratify patients into clinical categories. Of 223 cases of diverticulosis coli, had significant colonic complaints which received no attention. Of 198 emergency admissions for acute diverticulitis, only 16 required emergency surgery. Resection in the face of serious peritonitis is not advisable. Twenty-seven elective resections gave excellent results. Three subtotal colectomies were successfully done for major bleeding. Final focus was on determination of therapy groups: medical, surgery advisable, and surgery inevitable. PMID- 6972289 TI - [Analysis of 39 fatal cases of benign biliary tract diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972292 TI - Upper digestive tract hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients. Contribution of multidimensional analysis to the study of variables related to the cause of the hemorrhage. AB - Sixteen clinical and biological variables were recorded in 116 episodes of upper digestive tract hemorrhage of known cause in cirrhotic patients. One-dimensional analysis reveals a significant correlation between six variables and the rupture of esophagogastric varices, whereas multiple linear regression and partial correlation analysis reduces the significant variables to two: a history of digestive hemorrhage and the nonalcoholic etiology of the cirrhosis. A value of the discriminant function exists for which the specificity and, consequently, the positive predictive value are equal to 100%, but with a sensitivity of 39%. These results mean that, in an explanatory approach, partial correlation analysis seems to constitute an indispensable complement to analysis of clinical and biological variables, since it reduces the chances of unwarranted explanatory interpretation. However, in a pragmatic approach, the recording of 16 variables does not permit a clear discrimination between ruptured varices and nonruptured varices; this suggests that either other factor(s) remain to be discovered or else that those related to ruptured varices and to acute ulcerations are the same. PMID- 6972291 TI - An unusual case of primary arteriocolic fistula. AB - A case is presented of lower digestive bleeding, caused by a fistula between a right iliac artery aneurysm and the sigmoid colon. Particular aspects of this unusual fistula are discussed from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. PMID- 6972293 TI - Hemangioma of the esophagus: an unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6972294 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E2 on gastric mucosal bleeding caused by aspirin. AB - The effect of prostaglandin E2 on gastric mucosal bleeding caused by aspirin was studied. Blood in serial gastric washings was measured chemically for 30 min. Normal blood loss was equivalent to 0.05 ml/day. Aspirin, 600 mg four times daily, increased gastric bleeding on day 1; bleeding was further increased on day 2. On day 2, ingestion of 0.5 mg of prostaglandin E2 15 min before 600 mg of aspirin reduced the gastric microbleeding caused by aspirin. Prostaglandin E2, 0.5 mg four times daily, did not change the normal blood loss. No consistent changes in gastric emptying or in secretion of chloride were detected. PMID- 6972295 TI - Spontaneous portosystemic shunt: relationship to spontaneous encephalopathy and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - This study examined the effect of large spontaneous portosystemic shunts on the incidence of variceal hemorrhage and hepatic encephalopathy. Twenty cases of chronic liver disease with large spontaneous shunts were compared with a group of patients with liver disease and with Cruveilhier-Baumgarten (C-B) murmurs and with a control group having liver disease and absence of large shunts on angiography. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage was present in similar proportions of patients in the three groups. Hepatic encephalopathy occurred more frequently in the spontaneous shunt group and C-B murmur group. The encephalopathy was spontaneous in 12 of 14 patients with large natural shunts whereas it was precipitated by events such as gastrointestinal bleeding, diuretics, or infection in 14 of 15 of the patients with C-B murmur and five of the seven controls. Therefore, spontaneous portosystemic shunts do not protect against gastrointestinal hemorrhage and are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 6972296 TI - [Limitation of infarction size by non-surgical recanalization of coronary arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972297 TI - [Changing role of angiography]. PMID- 6972298 TI - [Current state of coronary surgery]. PMID- 6972299 TI - Thymus-derived lymphocyte levels in children with protein-energy-malnutrition (kwashiorkor). PMID- 6972300 TI - Conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in renal slices from the rat. AB - Isolated renal cortical slices were used to study the conversion of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25](OH2)D3] by the rat kidney. Production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 was linear with time (30-90 min) and tissue weight (40-250 mg). Production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was greatest (134 +/- 17 pg/mg tissue.h) in animals fed a low calcium, vitamin D-deficient diet. The greatest 24,25-(OH)2D3 production (106 +/- 17 pg/mg tissue.h) was seen in animals fed a high calcium, vitamin D-replete diet, 1,25-(OH)2D3 production was reduced to 23% of maximum by the addition of 1.2% calcium or 0.8% strontium to the vitamin D-deficient, low calcium diet. Production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 was greatly reduced in renal cortical slices that had been heated before incubation. Slices of renal medulla produced only small amounts of 1,25-(OH)2D3 compared to slices of renal cortex. These studies provide direct evidence for the production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 by the mammalian renal cortex. They also demonstrate that this production may be modulated by dietary calcium, strontium, and vitamin D. PMID- 6972301 TI - Early post-operative endoscopy of the operated intestine. AB - Endoscopy in the early post-operative stage after an intestinal operation is seldom indicated, in contrast to control endoscopy carried out at a later stage. Experiments with animals show that endoscopy of intestinal anastomoses may be performed as early as 24 hours after an operation, if carried out carefully by an experienced endoscopist. During this early post-operative period, endoscopy is indicated only when complications arise. The most important application is the endoscopic insertion of an intestinal tube in cases of post-operative ileus. However, coloscopic suction in meteorism of the colon, and the introduction of tubes through swollen anastomoses are also possible. Bleeding of an anastomosis in the early post-operative stage is rare, whereas bleeding due to teleangiectatic granulomas in the later post-operative stage is more common. Both cases are indications for endoscopic hemostasis. Nevertheless, it must be emphasized that intestinal endoscopy in the early post-operative stage should be carried out only in exceptional cases, and then only by an experienced surgical endoscopist. PMID- 6972302 TI - Activating effect of nasal and oral hyperventilation on epileptic electrographic phenomena: reflex mechanisms of nasal origin. AB - In experiments on animals, airflow through the nasal cavity elicits rhythmic synchronized activity that can trigger and/or elicit epileptic electrographic activities in the limbic structures of the brain. This could be demonstrated in studies of lower vertebrates (frogs and turtles). In the turtle the elicited paroxysmal activity often had the shape of regular high-voltage activity in the theta-frequency range (average frequency, 4.1 Hz). It was further proven in clinical experiments that nasal deep breathing with a closed mouth effectively activates epileptic electrographic phenomena of a temporal (limbic) origin. The activating effect was more pronounced on the side ipsilateral to the ventilated nasal meatus. It could also be evoked by air insufflation into the nasal cavity. This effect was suppressed by anesthesia of the mucous membrane in the upper nasal meatus. Possible mechanisms of this, probably reflex, phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 6972303 TI - Terminal differentiation of T cells specific for mutant H-2K antigens. Conversion of Lyt-1,2 cell into Lyt-2 but not Lyt-1 cells, in vitro. AB - The Lyt phenotype of T cells at different stages of response to mutant H-2K antigens was determined by immunofluorescence using monoclonal rat anti-Lyt antibodies. Previous observations indicated a differential expression of the two allelic forms of Lyt-1 antigen on these cells. Since the rat antibodies recognize nonpolymorphic framework determinants of Lyt antigens, in our approach the expression of both Lyt-1 alleles was analyzed with the same antibody. It was found that cells reacting to three different H-2K mutants have the Lyt-1,2 phenotype, regardless of the Lyt-1 allele carried by the responder strain. The Lyt phenotype of responder cells remained unchanged after priming in vivo. However, cells recovered from cultures after secondary stimulation in vitro were mainly Lyt-2, with few Lyt-1,2 and virtually no Lyt-1 cells present. This change of Lyt phenotype ran in parallel with the loss of proliferative capacity to the priming antigen, but cytolytic activity of the cells remained unimpaired. Long term proliferation of T cells induced against mutant H-2K antigens could only be maintained in the presence of a T cell growth factor. Cultures with growth factor contained almost exclusively Lyt-2 cells and exerted strong cytolytic activity. These results demonstrate that the Lyt differentiation pathway of anti-mutant T cells is from Lyt-1,2 to Lyt-2. Furthermore, the data suggest that no helper cells are induced in response to mutant H-2K antigens. A model which incorporates these findings into current concepts of T cell differentiation is discussed. PMID- 6972304 TI - The Lyt phenotype of a long-term allospecific T cell line. Both helper and killer activities to IA are mediated by Ly-1 cells. AB - The relationship between surface antigen expression and function in the long-term allospecific T cell line C.C3.11.75 was examined by flow microfluorometry, antiserum plus complement depletion and cell sorting. T cells of the line expressed Lyt-1, but little or no Lyt-2 antigens. Proliferation to cells bearing Iak determinants, generation of T cell-replacing nonspecific helper factor in response to Iak-positive cells and the killing of Iak-positive targets were dependent only on Ly-1 cells. No obvious heterogeneity was found in this cell line despite its disparate functional activities. The fact that Lyt-2 molecules need not be present for killing directed against Ia determinants indicates that such molecules are not obligatory for the induction or delivery of killing and raises the question of what the role of Lyt molecules in T cell recognition or function might be. PMID- 6972306 TI - Histocompatibility requirements for T cell help in specific in vitro antibody responses to influenza virus by human blood lymphocytes. AB - Specific antibody responses to influenza virus were obtained in vitro from human blood mononuclear cells (PBM). The response was T cell-dependent, as shown by separation of PBM into E rosette-positive (E+) and -negative (E-) populations. The histocompatibility requirements for T-B cells interactions in this response were analyzed by recombining E- and E+ fractions from donors with varying degrees of HLA compatibility. No antibody formation was obtained from any allogeneic combination except for the special case of HLA identical siblings. As these experiments included combinations with shared or identical HLA-DR specificities, it was unlikely that genetic restriction alone could account for the failure of T B cell collaboration. Evidence that suppression was responsible for the lack of antibody formation was obtained from experiments in which allogeneic E+ cells profoundly depressed specific antibody responses of intact PBM. In contrast, no such suppression was seen in pokeweed mitogen-driven polyclonal Ig synthesis for which there are no major histocompatibility complex requirements for T cell help. The suppressor activity of allogeneic E+ cells was found to be radiation sensitive. By irradiating E+ cells, it was, therefore, possible to test for T cell help across an HLA barrier without unwanted suppressor effects. Under these conditions, (irradiated) E+ cells were able to collaborate with allogeneic E- cells even with no HLA alleles in common. This was true even when autologous monocytes were depleted from the helper E+ population. Supernatants collected from antigen-driven cultures of allogeneic E- and E+ cells were able to replace helper T cells in the specific antibody response to influenza virus. The apparent lack of genetic restriction in these responses might, therefore, be explained by the production of a nonrestricted helper factor. PMID- 6972305 TI - Anti-idiotypic immunity and autoimmunity. I. In vitro and in vivo effects of anti idiotypic antibodies to spontaneously occurring autoantibodies to rat thyroglobulin. AB - The effects of anti-receptor (anti-idiotypic) immunity on autoimmune responses have been investigated in Buffalo (BUF) rats with autoimmune thyroiditis. As compared to other animal models of autoimmune disease, BUF rat thyroiditis has the following advantages: it occurs in an inbred strain, arises spontaneously (i.e. without the experimental administration of autoantigens and adjuvants) and is characterized by production of autoantibodies to only one autoantigen, thyroglobulin. Finally, its pathogenesis is mediated by autoantibodies to rat thyroglobulin, and therefore this model is particularly suitable to study the effects of anti-idiotypic reactions on those autoimmune disorders whose damage is caused by humoral immunity. The experiments reported in the present study show that first, heterologous anti-idiotypic antibodies to autoantibodies against rat thyroglobulin have been produced and characterized. It has then been demonstrated that such anti-idiotypic antibodies are capable of inhibiting the in vitro binding between thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin autoantibodies obtained from BUF rats. It has also been shown that repeated injections of anti-idiotypic antibodies into sublethally X-irradiated BUF rats with autoimmune thyroiditis were followed by a significant change in the levels of circulating autoantibodies to rat thyroglobulin. These results provide evidence that in spite of the complexity of autoantigens and the heterogeneity of autoimmune responses, established autoimmune diseases may be controlled by sequential immunosuppression and anti-idiotypic immunity. PMID- 6972307 TI - Preparative nonlytic separation of Lyt2+ and Lyt2- T lymphocytes, functional analyses of the separated cells and demonstration of synergy in graft-vs.-host reaction of Lyt2+ and Lyt2- cells. AB - A convenient, preparative scale, nonlytic separation of mouse T lymphocytes into Lyt2.2+ and Lyt2.2- populations is reported. Immunoglobulin-negative (Ig-) spleen cells, Ig- lymph node cells, and peanut lectin-unagglutinated (PNA-) thymocytes were incubated under sterile conditions at 0 degree C with monoclonal mouse antibody to the Lyt2.2 T cell differentiation antigen. The antibody-treated cells were washed and placed in polystyrene tissue culture dishes that had been precoated with antibody to mouse Ig. Nonadherent populations were depleted to Lyt2.2+ cells and were essentially devoid of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp), but contained helper activity for in vivo T-dependent IgM, IgG and IgA antibody formation. Adherent cell populations were enriched for Lyt2.2+ cells and for CTLp. The graft-vs.-host activity of the separated, adherent (Lyt2.2+) and nonadherent (Lyt2.2-) cells in the Simonsen spleen assay in neonatal (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 mice was less than of unfractionated cells, but the activity of remixed Lyt2.2+ plus Lyt2.2- cells was higher than the sum of the contributions of these cells tested separately, and equal to that of the unfractionated cells. PNA- thymocytes were also separated into Ly2.2+ and Lyt2.2- populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Nonlytic separation allows the recovery of the Lyt1+2+ population, which is lost in cytotoxic elimination experiments. Under the conditions described for the plate separation, the purity of the separated cells and recovery of activity approaches that of cells separated by sorting. Therefore, the plate separation offers a convenient alternative to fluorescence activated cell sorting when large numbers (i.e. up to 5 x 10(7) positively selected cells) are needed, as in studies of in vivo cell-mediated immune reactions. PMID- 6972308 TI - Alteration of clonal profile. II. Studies on the capacity of BALB/c splenic B cells to perpetuate responsiveness to phosphorylcholine and T 15 idiotypic dominance. AB - (CBA/N x BALB/c)F1 hybrid male mice are unable to mount anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses because they carry the CBA/N X-linked immune defect of B lymphocyte differentiation. Transplantation of splenic B cells from BALB/c mice restores responsiveness to thymus-dependent and thymus independent PC antigens up to 8 months after cell transfer. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrate the donor origin of PFC generated in reconstituted (CBA/N x BALB/c)F1 mice. Although responsiveness to PC is restored permanently, a shift in idiotype expression that leads to the loss of T 15 idiotypic dominance 3 months after cell transfer can be detected. This shift originates from Ig- cells because Ig+ splenic cells purified in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter maintain T 15 dominance. Therefore, the Ig+ cells have a remarkable capacity to maintain responsiveness to antigens and can perpetuate idiotypic dominance if the stem cell pool is removed. PMID- 6972309 TI - Generation of effector cells from T cell subsets. III. Synergy between Lyt-1 and Lyt-123/23 lymphocytes in the generation of H-2-restricted and alloreactive cytotoxic T cell. AB - Lyt-123/23 and Lyt-1 T cell subsets, positively selected by separation on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, were tested in vitro for their role in the generation of H-2-restricted and alloreactive cytotoxic T cells. It is shown that in the proliferation assay, both T cell subsets responded equally well to H-2 and non-H-2 antigens (H-Y), respectively. In contrast, none of the selected Lyt subsets, but only the mixed population containing Lyt-1 and Lyt-123/23 lymphocytes gave rise to both H-2-restricted (anti H-Y, anti-trinitrophenyl) and alloreactive (anti-H-2) cytotoxic lymphocytes. The data imply an essential role of Lyt-1 cells as inducers or helpers in the generation of all cytotoxic lymphocytes from their precursors in the Lyt-123/23 pool. PMID- 6972310 TI - Cytotoxic T cell response against lymphoblasts infected with Moloney (Abelson) murine leukemia virus. Methodological aspects and H-2 requirements. AB - A method for infection of lymphocytes with Moloney(Abelson) murine leukemia virus [M(A)-MuLV] is described. Only lymphoblasts obtained after stimulation of normal spleen cells by the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were satisfactory targets for virus-specific, secondary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), whereas spleen cells stimulated by the T cell mitogen concanavalin A were not. The secondary CTL response against M(A)-MuLV could be efficiently measured using M(A) MulV-infected LPS blasts as stimulating cells for secondary in vitro restimulation and as target cells for virus-specific destruction. Cold target inhibition demonstrated virus specificity of CTL. The T cell character of the cytotoxic cells was demonstrated by their sensitivity to anti-Thy-1.2 treatment. Using syngeneic virus-infected LPS blasts as target and stimulator, CTL responses were measured with effector cells from C57BL mice of the H-2b haplotype and of recombinant haplotypes sharing either K or D alleles with H-2b. In analogy with previous studies on Moloney virus-specific CTL, it was observed that C57BL/6 (H 2b) effector cells predominantly lysed Db-compatible, virus-infected target cells; B10.A(5R), (KbDd) effector cells showed a poor CTL response against syngeneic, virus-infected target cells. The combined findings indicate the existence of an Ir gene in the H-2D region regulating the CTL response against Moloney leukemia virus. PMID- 6972311 TI - Selected populations of alloreactive T cells contain helper T cells but lack ThId, an antigen-specific helper T cell required for dominant production of the T15 idiotype. AB - Isolated, alloreactive T cell populations were primed with protein carriers in vivo and tested for their ability to provide help for an anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) antibody response and for production of the T15 idiotype. It was found that alloreactive T cell populations would support anti-PC antibody response but did not selectively activate B cells capable of producing the T15 idiotype that normally dominates such responses. This failure to help for the production of the T15 idiotype was shown to be due to the absence of an antigen-specific helper T cell that is required for dominant idiotype production (ThId). These studies suggest that ThId cells have recognition structures for antigen and for self idiotype, but lack recognition structures for major histocompatibility complex encoded antigens. PMID- 6972312 TI - Bepridil (CERM-1978) blockade of action potentials in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - Reaggregate cultures (primary) were prepared from enzyme-dispersed vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells from rat aortas. The cultures were incubated for 7-10 days, and then studied by the intracellular microelectrode technique. The cells were electrically quiescent (mean resting potential of --47 mV), and extracellular electrical stimulation usually did not elicit a membrane response. Addition of 10 mM tetraethylammonium rapidly induced excitability, allowing the VSM cells to fire Ca2+-dependent action potentials in response to electrical stimulation. The electrical responses often had two components, an initial spike and a later plateau-like component. The action potential spikes had a mean amplitude of 22 mV but occasionally were overshooting; the plateaus had a mean duration (at 50% repolarization) of 3.8 sec. A new anti-anginal agent, bepridil (10(-8)-10(-5) M), depressed the amplitude and duration of the plateau and blocked the spike component of the action potential in a dose-dependent fashion without affecting the resting potential. This finding is consistent with the view that bepridil acts as a Ca2+-antagonistic agent to prevent the generation of the action potentials, and this action can explain its antianginal properties. PMID- 6972313 TI - Pigment granules: a calcium reservoir in the vertebrate eye. PMID- 6972314 TI - Identification of the "factor" in erythrocyte lysates which enhances colony growth in agar cultures. AB - The activity in human erythrocyte lysates which enhances colony growth of mouse bone marrow (BM) and other cell types in agar culture, could not be separated from hemoglobin (Hb). This conclusion was reached after various procedures, including purification of Hb in human hemolysates by crystallisation, separation of Hb into its major (A0) and minor (A1 and A2) components by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and separation of a hemolysate into a Hb fraction and a non-Hb protein fraction by DEAE-cellulose chromatography; all resulted in the enchancement activity remaining with the Hb fraction. Separation of globins from rat or human lysates by an acid acetone precipitation, resulted in an acetone powder (AP) which retained the enhancement activity towards both mouse BM and tumour cell lines. The AP was separated into alpha and beta globins by chromatography on Sephadex G100 in 20% formic acid followed by CM-cellulose chromatography in a 8 M urea system. Since the enhancement activity is associated with both the alpha and beta globin peaks even under these dissociating conditions, it has been concluded that the enhancement factor in erythrocyte lysates is Hb itself. The enhancement activity of an AP is abolished by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting that sulfhydryl groups in Hb are required for the activity. PMID- 6972315 TI - T and B lymphocyte levels in the peripheral blood of dogs affected with cyclic neutropenia. AB - Canine cyclic neutropenia (CN), a heritable disease of Collie dogs, is characterized by the periodic cycling of formed elements of blood and the near disappearance of neutrophils every 11-12 days. Studies suggest that lymphocyte activity and regulatory mechanisms may be abnormal in CN. In this study, an immunofluorescence in the peripheral blood of normal CN Collies. Normal Collie dogs (N = 10) had 73.0 +/- 2.4% T-lymphocytes, whereas CN dogs (N = 4) had only 63.2 +/- 1.9% similar cells among peripheral blood lymphocytes (P less than 0.005). Studies on B-lymphocytes showed that normal Collie dogs (N = 10) had 17.8 +/- 2.0%, whereas CN dogs (N = 4) had 29.6 +/- 3.3% B-lymphocytes (P less than 0.005). Absolute counts for B-lymphocyte levels for 2 CN Collie dogs (N = 10) had 17.8 +/- 2.0%, whereas CN dogs (N = 4) had 29.6 +/- 3.3% B-lymphocytes (P less than 0.005). Absolute counts for B-lymphocytes were also increased in CN dogs. In a related study, daily changes in T- and B-lymphocyte levels for 2 CN Collies and 1 age-and-sex matched normal Collie were monitored over the course of a 2-week hematopoietic cycle. Similar differences in peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocyte levels, as mentioned above, were found between the CN Collies and the normal Collie. The absolute B-lymphocyte counts for CN Collies also showed a statistically significant increase (P less than 0.005) over counts for the normal Collie, and daily changes in both B- and T-lymphocyte counts were always greater for CN Collies than for normal Collies. PMID- 6972316 TI - Dissemination and proliferation of intravenously injected murine, syngeneic T lymphoma cells. AB - BALB/c mice were inoculated intravenously with syngeneic T lymphoma cells. Dissemination and proliferation of malignant cells in vitro were determined from time of cell injection to the time of death of the animal, using an agar medium in which only tumor cells grew. Tumor cells were detected in kidney from day 7, and in liver, lungs and ovaries from days 9-12. The myeloid-lymphatic system was only sparsely invaded. Three weeks after injection the animals died of general metastases, and colonies could be grown from all organs. Peripheral blood tumor cells colonies were grown in quantities of 1-2% on injected cells during the first hour. They then disappeared from blood, but reappeared 2-3 weeks later. Within the first 15 min after i.v. infections of vitro labelled tritiated thymidine tumor cells, 45% of the radioactivity was recovered from lungs and 40% from the liver. After this time the activity gradually declined. Only about 1% of the initial activity of the injected cells was found in the spleen, kidney and brain during the first 24 hours. Blood glow of the organs was examined by means of indicator fractionation. Highest flow rates were measured in liver, kidney, brain and lungs. Thus, the sites of metastases after tumor cell injection were determined neither by the initial deposition of tumor cells, nor by blood flow rates through the organs. This result shows that cellular interaction between neoplastic cells and the immediate environment must be major determinants in the development of metastases. PMID- 6972317 TI - Membrane and culture fluid proteins of nine human T lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - Proteins form the membranes and culture media of nine, human T lymphoblastoid cell lines and of the myeloid line K562 were analyzed after 35S-methionine metabolic labeling, by electrophoresis in SDS polyacrylamide gradient gels. A monotonous consistency was present among these cell lines in their synthesis of membrane proteins, with only few variations in the expression of most proteins. In contrast, the synthesis of culture supernatant proteins was found to differ substantially among the cell lines. Proteins of 35,000 and 36,000 daltons were most prominently synthesized by cell line 1301. Proteins of 50,000 daltons were abundantly synthesized by SKW 3 and 8402. Proteins of 65,000 daltons were best synthesized by Jurgat, 1301 and CEM. Few of the membrane proteins which were abundantly synthesized by mitogen-activated normal T lymphocytes were expressed on the cultured cell lines. The view was proposed that cultured T lymphoblastoid malignancies do do not represent static vignettes of stages of differentiation of normal T lymphocytes. PMID- 6972318 TI - Bone marrow endogenous colony stimulating factor(s): relation to granulopoiesis in vivo. AB - Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors (CSF) are produced both in peripheral tissues and within the bone marrow. Stimulators from either source might regulate granulocyte and monocyte production in vivo. The purpose of this study was to devise an assay for bone marrow endogenous CSF so that its role in regulation of granulopoiesis might be assessed. There was a significant positive correlation between the endogenous CSF level and the subsequent trend in peripheral blood neutrophil count in both normal and infected patients, suggestive of a regulatory role. In addition, granulopoietic recovery after neutropenia was associated with increased endogenous CSF levels. There are two candidate regulators of endogenous CSF production, a stimulatory humoral factor and a neutrophil derived inhibitor which inhibits endogenous CSF production in vitro. Our results suggest that the marrow neutrophil level had a much more significant inhibitory effect than the neutrophil level in the culture. PMID- 6972320 TI - Studies on the circulating, colony-stimulatory activities in normal chicks and in chicks with myeloblastic leukemia. PMID- 6972319 TI - Granulopoietic effects of lithium on human bone marrow in vitro. AB - Although studies in mice suggest that lithium enhances granulopoiesis by increasing the production of colony stimulating factor (CSF), results using human assay systems have varied. We have studied the action of lithium on the in vitro proliferation of normal human bone marrow (BM) granulocytic progenitor cells (CFUc) and on CSF production by human peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNC). In the absence of exogenous CSF, lithium increased the number of "spontaneous" BM CFUc (P less than 0.05). This effect was abolished by removal of phagocytic cells, suggesting that lithium does not affect CFUc directly, but rather acts via a phagocytic cell. Lithium variably increased BM CFUc when PB MNC feeder layers were employed as the CSF source. This stimulation was most pronounced when the number of cells in the feeder layer was low, i.e., suboptimal CSF. Incubation with 1 meq/L lithium, increased (P less than 0.05) CSF production by PB MNC. Addition of lithium to BM cultures containing optimum CSF did not increase, but in fact decreased, the number of CFUc. These studies indicate that lithium increases CSF production by both PB and BM MNC. Furthermore, the stimulatory effects of lithium occur when CSF levels in the culture system are low. PMID- 6972321 TI - Cell-cell interaction in human granulopoiesis: role of T lymphocytes. AB - T lymphocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of granulocytopenias. We studied the effects of unstimulated and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) activated intact (Ti) and partially purified T cell subpopulations (T gamma and Tnon gamma, i.e., T mu plus T0) on in vitro granulocyte-macrophage colony formation (CFUGM) by autologous normal human bone marrow (BM). Coculture of BM and Ti, T gamma, or Tnon gamma caused only a slight decrease in the numbers of colonies and clusters; however, when cultured with a mixture of T gamma and Tnon gamma, the inhibition was significant. In contrast, activation of T cells or T cell subsets with PWM resulted in a marked decrease in colony formation. These results demonstrate that: 1) PWM-activated T cells or its subpopulations will inhibit autologous BM colony formation in vitro. The suppression seen with admixes of unstimulated T gamma and Tnon gamma is presumptive evidence that prior cell-cell interaction(s) may be required for the generation of inhibitory cells in this system; and 2) this model may represent an in vitro counterpart of immune-mediated cytopenias in man. PMID- 6972322 TI - Evidence for reduced erythroid burst (BFUE) promoting function of T lymphocytes in the pure red cell aplasia of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - T cells stimulate the proliferation of BFUE (burst forming units-erythroid) from normal blood null cells in an in vitro culture system in the presence of erythropoietin. To determine whether abnormal BFUE proliferating effect of T cells could explain the pure red cell aplasia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL-PRCA), we investigated the erythropoietic function of T and null cells in four patients with CLL-PRCA and compared results to three patients with idiopathic pure red cell aplasia (I-PRCA) and normals. Sera from I-PRCA patients (P greater than 0.05) but not CLL-PRCA patients (P less than 0.1) inhibited erythroid stem cell proliferation in the presence of complement. BFUE in null cells of all PRCA patients were barely detectable or absent (P less than 0.0025). Normal or I-PRCA T cells increased BFUE proliferation from PRCA null cells of six patients (P less than 0.001). In contrast, CLL-PRCA T cells were poor stimulators of BFUE from autologous (P less than 0.001) or allogeneic null cells (P less than 0.02). Treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisone induced reticulocytosis in all four CLL-PRCA patients. After treatment, in two cases, the burst promoting function of T lymphocytes was normal. Analysis of T cell subpopulations in two CLL-PRCA patients, suggested that the reduced burst promoting function was due to decreased numbers and/or function of T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgM (TM cells). These findings suggest that reduced generation of a burst promoting activity by CLL-PRCA T cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of PRCA in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6972324 TI - Loss of host axons in nerve allografts after abolishing immunological tolerance in rats. PMID- 6972323 TI - Agar extract induces release of granulocyte colony-stimulating activity from human peripheral leukocytes. AB - Water-soluble components of crude bacto-agar are known to be mitogenic for mouse B lymphocytes. We examined the effects of aqueous agar extract in liquid cultures of human peripheral leukocytes. In comparison with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), agar extract had only weak mitogenic activity. However, it was almost as effective as PHA in promoting the release of granulocyte colony-stimulating activity (G-CSA) into the supernatant medium. This activity was assayed in methyl cellulose cultures of non-plastic-adherent human bone marrow cells. The results provide information on the mechanism of G-CSA release in cultures of agar-immobilized human leukocytes, and serve as a reminder that crude agar is not a completely inert culture constituent. PMID- 6972325 TI - Brugia pahangi: immunologic evaluation of the differential susceptibility of filarial infection in inbred Lewis rats. PMID- 6972326 TI - Dipetalonema viteae: response of spleen cells in experimental mouse filariasis to mitogens and antigens. PMID- 6972327 TI - Influence of photoperiodism on high temperature-induced testicular recrudescence in the green frog. PMID- 6972328 TI - Measurement of local cerebral blood flow and metabolism in man with positron emission tomography. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) is a computer based, nuclear medicine imaging technique that permits the quantitative, in vivo measurement of local tissue concentration or radiopharmaceuticals labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides (i.e., 15O, 13N, 11C, and 18F). These measurements can be made through any desired section of the human brain thus creating, in effect, a quantitative in vivo autoradiogram. Combining this imaging technique with appropriate radiopharmaceuticals and mathematical models for the interpretation of tracer behavior permits the safe measurement of local blood flow and metabolism in humans. PMID- 6972329 TI - [In vivo reproduction and evaluation of delayed type hypersensitivity]. PMID- 6972330 TI - [Clinical results of flurbiprofen preparations (Froben) for the inflammatory pains caused by pulpitis and periodontitis]. PMID- 6972331 TI - [Pseudomembranous colitis: observations on 13 clinical cases]. PMID- 6972332 TI - [SP-1 and beta-HCG in suspected ectopic pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Serum levels of SP-1 and beta HCG as Trophoblastic Markers were measured in 31 women operated on suspected ectopic pregnancy. In all 24 patients with tubal pregnancy SP-1 levels estimated by enzyme immunoassay Enzygnost were higher than 5 ng/ml, whereas SP-1 levels in 7 cases with benign ovarian cysts were less than 2 ng/ml. Beta-HCG in serum was analysed by radioimmunoassay (Serono-Biodata): in cases with ectopic pregnancy serum levels were between 113 mIU/ml and 1040 mIU/ml, in the 7 nonpregnant cases the highest concentration was 7 mIU/ml. There was no correlation between serum concentration of SP-1 and beta-HCG (r = 0,571). In view of clinical practice preference is given to estimation of SP-1 by enzyme immunoassay over estimation of beta-HCG by radioimmunoassay, the reasons are discussed. PMID- 6972333 TI - Cellular quantitation of hemoglobin transition during natural and thyroid-hormone induced metamorphosis of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. PMID- 6972334 TI - What drugs for rheumatic diseases? PMID- 6972336 TI - [Action of divalent cations on the mechanoreceptor of isolated frog heart (author's transl)]. AB - Afferent activities were recorded in vagosympathetic nerves from mechanoreceptors of the isolated heart of bullfrog. The rate of discharges was increased when Ca2+ or Mg2+ (1.1 approximately 4.4 mM) was added to normal Ringer's solution containing 1.1 mM Ca2+. In terms of increase in the rate of discharges following the addition of Ca2+, an increase in the tone of cardiac muscle at diastole was observed. The rate of discharges was decreased and thereafter abolished within 5 to 10 min by lowering Ringer's solution Ca2+ concentration from 1.1 to 0.37 mM. A high firing frequency was observed with the addition of Mg2+ (0.73 mM) in the low Ca2+ Ringer's solution containing 0.37 mM Ca2+ and the rate remained unchanged for at least 15 min. On the other hand, the discharges were reduced, concentration dependently, when Mn2+ (0.22 approximately 1.1 mM) was added to normal Ringer's solution. When Mn2+ (0.22 or 0.55 mM) was applied, the rate of discharges decreased gradually and the reduction of discharges decreased 10 to 20 min after application. It appears that increase in the rate of discharges by application of Ca2+ is mainly the result of an increase in the tone of cardiac muscle induced by Ca2+. The presence of Ca2+ in external medium seems to be necessary to maintain the generation afferent discharges and Mg2+ can act as a substitute for Ca2+ in the generation of afferent discharges. The inhibitory effect of Mn2+ seems to be the result of depression of mechanoreceptors but the receptor becomes insensitive to Mn2+ within 10 to 20 min during exposure to low concentrations of Mn2+. PMID- 6972335 TI - Human colonic mononuclear cells: studies of cytotoxic function. AB - We isolated lymphocytes from the lamina propria of colon from 19 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, and certain benign conditions to determine: (1) if these lymphocytes could mediate mitogen-induced (MICC) and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC), and (2) if there were any differences in cytotoxic effectiveness which could relate to the underlying disease. We found that lamina propria lymphocytes functioned well in MICC reactions with phytohaemagglutinin, but not concanavalin A as the inducing mitogen (specific lysis 28 5% vs 5 3%). Lamina propria lymphocytes did not mediate SCMC (specific lysis 0.3%). Neither the presence of inflammation not the underlying disease of the patient influenced the cytotoxic activity. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal subjects and patients performed well in MICC assay with both phytohaemagglutinin and concanvalin A as the inducing mitogen and were equally effective in SCMC reactions. PMID- 6972337 TI - [Massive esophageal varices hemorrhage. Ligation, sclerotherapy of the esophageal wall or emergency shunt?]. AB - The importance of emergency ligation in the treatment of massive bleeding esophageal varices is compared with other procedures in treatment like sclerotherapy of esophageal wall and emergency shunt. Lethality depends decisive on the stadium of liver cirrhosis. PMID- 6972338 TI - [Colonic diverticulosis]. PMID- 6972340 TI - [Streptococcal antibodies in the rural population and in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6972341 TI - The secular growth trend on Aruba between 1954 and 1974. PMID- 6972342 TI - The anthropometric status of Aruban children--1974. PMID- 6972339 TI - [Basic principles of evaluation in rheumatology]. PMID- 6972343 TI - The ovalocytosis polymorphism on the western border of Papua, New Guinea. PMID- 6972344 TI - Growth pattern in the first two years of life in an Israeli child population. The effect of biological and Social factors on weight and length. PMID- 6972345 TI - Human T cell leukemia-lymphoma cell lines and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity. AB - Thirteen human T cell leukemia-lymphoma cell lines were examined to determine whether or not they released a product into the media in which they were growing which could stimulate granulocyte-macrophage colony formation by human hemopoietic cells. None of the cell lines studied released colony stimulating activity. PMID- 6972346 TI - Preparative fractionation of T and B lymphocytes of the Syrian golden hamster with soybean agglutinin. AB - T and B lymphocytes of the Syrian golden hamster were separated from spleen cell preparations on the basis of their differential agglutinability with the lectin soybean agglutinin. Only B lymphocytes were agglutinated by this lectin, and they could be separated from the unagglutinated T lymphocytes by sedimentation through 50% heat inactivated calf serum at unit gravity. The B lymphocyte aggregates could be dissociated into single cells that were viable and functional after treatment with 0.5 M galactose. The isolated cell fractions were characterized by their blastogenic response to various T cell and B cell specific mitogens and by the presence or absence of cell surface IgG. PMID- 6972348 TI - Allotype suppression induced in the adoptive transfer system: the variables of the system and an apparent absence of a role for T cells. AB - A study has been made of the variables concerned in allotype suppression of adult spleen cells in the adoptive transfer system. These are; SRBC (antigen) dose; the dose and timing of injection of anti-allotype serum IgG; the number of spleen cells transferred and whether these cells were taken from primed or unprimed donors. Adoptively transferred primed cells are considerably less susceptible to suppression by concomitantly injected anti-allotype serum IgG than are unprimed spleen cells. Injection of anti-allotype serum during the period after adoptive transfer, has shown that primed cells loose their susceptibility sooner (2 days) than the unprimed cells (4 days). Allotype heterozygous CBA spleen cells are less susceptible heterozygous CBA spleen cells are less susceptible to allotype suppression than either allotypically homozygous or heterozygous non-H-2k cells (H-2b,d, or s). Allotype suppression of the TI IgG response to DNP-Ficoll was measured 7 days after adoptive transfer of allotype-homozygous cells from both normal and nude CBA mice (unprimed). The results indicate that T cells do not play a role in the initiation of short-term allotype suppression in the adoptive transfer system. PMID- 6972350 TI - Experimental meningitis produced by Haemophilus influenzae type 'b' in infant rats. PMID- 6972349 TI - Polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis induced by a macrophage factor acting via T cells. AB - New Zealand White rabbits were killed 7 days after immunization with 1 mg of alum precipitated, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) into each hind footpad and 3 days after intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate. When supernatants from cultures of purified, elicited macrophages were added to Mishell-Dutton cultures of primed popliteal lymphocytes, they induced synthesis of both general immunoglobulins and antibody specific for KLH. The active factor(s), polyclonal lymphocyte activator (PLA), appears to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight between 150,000 and 200,000 daltons. Absorption with high concentrations of thymocytes but not bone marrow cells removed polyclonal stimulatory activity from peritoneal macrophage supernatants which contained PLA. Purified lymph-node B cells were stimulated by PLA only in the presence of T cells. In addition, supernatants from PLA activated, washed T cells were effective at inducing polyclonal B-cell activation. Thus, PLA appears to act indirectly on B cells by stimulating T cells to produce a soluble factor which induces polyclonal B-cell activation. PMID- 6972347 TI - Binding of peanut lectin to thymic cortex and germinal centres of lymphoid tissue. AB - The binding pattern of horseradish peroxidase conjugated peanut lectin (HRP-PNL) on frozen sections of lymphoid tissue from man, mouse, rat, hamster, guinea-pig, rabbit, sheep and chicken has been investigated. Binding of PNL was found to be highly species dependent; man, mouse and sheep showed strong binding to lymphocytes in thymic cortex and germinal centres; lymphoid tissue from hamster, guinea-pig and rabbit did not stain with HRP-PNL and rat showed only lightly positive cells in thymic cortex and germinal centres; all lymphoid tissue from chicken, except the bursal cortex, bound PNL. Neuraminidase treatment of tissues which did not bind PNL resulted in strongly PNL-positive cells. Double binding studies on murine Peyer's patches with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated PNL (FITC-PNL) and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-anti-Thy-1.2 or anti immunoglobulin reagents revealed 3%-10% of PNL positive cells to be Thy-1.2 positive and 70%-80% to bear surface immunoglobulin. PMID- 6972351 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulation study in cord blood of newborns with reference to maternal anaemia. PMID- 6972352 TI - Cell mediated immune response in childhood tuberculosis. PMID- 6972354 TI - T and B cells in acute encephalopathy syndrome in children. PMID- 6972353 TI - Nutritional disorders in rural Rajasthan. PMID- 6972355 TI - Lymphocyte transformation in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. AB - The proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ten patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma were tested after stimulation with a variety of mitogens, including phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), staphylococcal protein A (SPA), and lymphocyte conditioned medium (LyCM). Responses were measured by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine and by flow microfluorometry (FMF). In general, responses were depressed, although a broad range of responses were observed ranging from very poor to near normal responses. SPA and PWM were the most potent mitogens in the CTCL patients, unlike controls in whom PHA and SPA were the optimum mitogens and PWM was weakly mitogenic. FMF studies in two patients clearly demonstrated that aneuploid Sezary cells and not admixed normal lymphocytes were proliferating in response to SPA and PWM stimulation. The unusual pattern of mitogen responses found in these CTCL patients suggests Sezary cells may be derived from T-cell subpopulations with special affinity for SPA and PWM. The ability of FMF to demonstrate that aneuploid cells respond to mitogen stimulation makes it a useful additional technique in the evaluation of lymphocyte blastogenesis in patients with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 6972356 TI - Clonal regulation of the induction of macrophage-and granulocyte-inducing proteins for normal and leukemic myeloid cells. AB - A cloned line of myeloid leukemic cells can be induced by the alkylating agent nitrosoguanidine for two macrophage- and granulocyte-inducing (MGI) activities. One activity, MGI-I, induced the formation of macrophage and granulocyte colonies from normal myeloblasts. Another activity, MGI-2, induced differentiation of MGI+D+ myeloid leukemic cells to macrophages and granulocytes. Experiments on the time course of induction of the two activities have shown that MGI-I was induced before MGI-2, MGI-1 was first detected in cell extracts and this was followed by detection of both activities in culture supernatants (conditioned medium). After induction with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, another inducer of both MGI activities in this clone, MGI-I was also detected before MGI-2 in cell extracts. The steroid dexamethasone, which is an effective inducer of some differentiation associated properties in this clone, did not induce either MGI-1 or MGI-2. Studies with different clones of myeloid leukemic cells have shown a clonal variation in the induction of MGI-1 and MGI-2. Different clones were induced by nitrosoguanidine either for MGI-1 and MGI-2, for MGI-1 without MGI-2, or for neither MGI-1 nor MGI-2. None of the clones were induced for MGI-2 without MGI-1. The results indicate that the induction of MGI-1 and MGI-2 is differently regulated in the same clone, and that there is a clonal and thus presumably genetic variation in inducibility for these two activities of MGI. PMID- 6972357 TI - Clonal origin and trisomy of chromosome 15 in murine B-cell malignancies. AB - During the course of a multifaceted study of clonality in murine neoplasms we observed two B-lymphoid malignancies. Results of studies with the X-chromosome linked enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase strongly suggest that these tumors had a clonal origin. Each of them had trisomy 15. This chromosomal abnormality has been found consistently in many murine thymic neoplasms, and has been thought to be specific to tumors of thymic origin. However, the occurrence of trisomy 15 in each of the only two B-cell malignancies thus far detected in our studies indicates that it may occur in B-lymphoid progenitors as well. PMID- 6972358 TI - Characterization of a serum factor stimulating the differentiation of myelomonocytic leukemic cells. AB - Culture of WEHI-3B myelomonocytic leukemic cells in semi-solid agar medium containing serum from mice injected with endotoxin serum (ES) led to the development of maturing granulocytes and macrophages in most leukemic colonies. ES contains high levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM CSF), a regulator known to stimulate differentiation of these leukemic cells, but an antiserum which neutralized greater than 85% of the GM-CSF in ES did not suppress the differentiation-inducing activity of ES on WEHI-3B cells. The active factor in endotoxin serum stimulating differentiation in WEHI-3B leukemic cells (GM-DF) was separated from most of the GM-CSF by gel filtration using Ultrogel AcA44. The residual CSF associated with the GM-DF appeared to stimulate selectively granulocytic colonies. Disproportionation of GM-DF and GM-CSF was observed in ES fractions obtained using concanavalin-A/Sepharose chromatography: none of the GM-DF bound to this matrix, whereas 40% of the GM-CSF bound and was eluted with competing alpha methylglucopyranoside. Although no separation of GM CSF and GM-DF was obtained using DEAE-Sepharose, non-isoelectric focusing in amphoteric buffers indicated charge differences between the differentiation factor and several sub-species of GM-CSF. Sequential purification of GM-DF from ES using 40 - 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation gel filtration and phenyl Sepharose chromatography resulted in a 25-fold purification. In all fractionation procedures used, a sub-species of GM-CSF, stimulating granulocyte colony formation, was consistently associated with partially purified GM-DF, but some subspecies of GM-CSF clearly lacked any capacity to induce differentiation in the leukemic cells. The observations suggest that the factor in post-endotoxin serum most efficient in enforcing differentiation in myelomonocytic leukemic cells may be a subset of GM-CSF molecules with a selective capacity to stimulate granulocyte colony formation by normal cells. PMID- 6972360 TI - Expression of metastatic potential of tumor cells in young nude mice is correlated with low levels of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Of 6- and 3-week-old nude mice given intravenous injections of murine tumor cells with well-defined metastatic properties, only the 3-week-old mice developed lung tumor colonies in significant numbers. The quantitative differences in metastatic potential among tumor cell lines injected into syngeneic recipients were also maintained following intravenous injection into young nude mice. Successful metastasis in 3-week-old nude mice is correlated with the low levels of natural killer cell activity detected in these young recipients. Boosting of the natural killer cell activity of 3-week-old nude mice by the administration of bacterial adjuvants and interferon inducers significantly inhibited metastasis formation. The differences in metastasis development could not be attributed to differences in the initial arrest of tumor cells in the pulmonary vascular bed, but rather to a better survival of the arrested cells in the lungs of 3-weeks-old nude mice as compared with 6-week-old counterparts. We concluded that low levels of NK cell activity are associated with increased incidence of experimental metastasis. PMID- 6972359 TI - Non-random duplication of chromosome 15 in murine T-cell leukemias: further studies on translocation heterozygotes. AB - Four combinations of translocation heterozygotes with cytogenetically distinct chromosomes 15 were used to investigate whether the T-cell leukemia-associated duplication of chromosome 15 is a non-random or a random event. In leukemias of AKR x CBAT6T6F1 (Group 1) and C57BL x CBAT6T F1 (Group IV) crosses the duplication was non-random, affecting the AKR-derived chromosome 15 (Group 1) and CBAT6T6-derived T (14;15) 6 chromosome (Group IV), respectively. In contrast, in leukemias induced in CBA x CBA T6T6F1 combinations (Group III) - where both chromosomes 15 (normal and translocated) were CBA-derived-the duplication was random. Similarly, in the Rb6;15 x CBAT6T6F1 cross (group II) the duplication of chromosome 15 appeared to be random. The results supported the hypothesis that the genetic content of chromosome 15 rather than its translocated state is decisive for the preferential duplication of this chromosome in T-cell leukemogenesis. However, the genetic background of the strain from which chromosome 15 is derived may also influence the duplication pattern of individual tumors. PMID- 6972361 TI - Drug-related scleroderma-like illness. The Fine page. PMID- 6972362 TI - Gamma radiation inhibits the appearance of induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in Chinese hamster cells. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase activity of Chinese hamster cells (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17) can be induced in plateau phase by change of medium. Exposure of the cells to gamma radiation before induction reduces the amount of ODC activity induced. The dose response curve is exponential with a D0 of 106 krad. Exposure of BUdR-substituted cells is more effective in reducing ODC induction at high doses, with a D0 of 38 krad. Cells can recover from the reduction incurred by 74 krad if enzyme induction is delayed for 2 hours after exposure. Treatment of the cells with psoralen-plus-light completely inhibits RNA synthesis without affecting protein synthesis (Heimer, Ben-Hur and Riklis 1977, 1978). Using this procedure it is shown that the effect of gamma radiation on inducible ODC activity is due not only to DNA damage by also involves a post-transcriptional effect. This conclusion is supported by employing a heat shock to inhibit protein synthesis prior to gamma-irradiation of log-phase cells. In such cells the increased activity of ODC upon transfer to 37 degrees C is due primarily to enzyme synthesis using pre-existing RNA species during the first few hours. A low concentration of actinomycin D, which inhibits rRNA synthesis, applied during the recovery period, prevents the recovery of the cells' capacity for maximal ODC induction. This may indicate that, in order to recover, the cells have to repair damage to the ribosomes as well as to DNA. PMID- 6972363 TI - Inhibition of induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in Chinese hamster cells by gamma radiation, far ultraviolet light and psoralen plus near-ultraviolet light: a comparative study. AB - Inhibition by radiation of the transcriptionally controlled induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was studied in plateau-phase Chinese hamster cells. The effects of gamma radiation, far ultraviolet (254nm, UV-C) light and psoralen plus near-U.V. light (360nm, PUV-A) were compared. Increasing doses of all three treatments caused an exponential decrease in the capacity for ODC induction. This was preceded by a large shoulder region in the case of PUV-A. There was no shoulder for gamma radiation and possibly none or a small one for UV-C. When compared on the basis of cell killing UV-C is 13 times more efficient in inhibiting ODC induction than PUV-A and 69 times more than gamma radiation. The doses required to produce an inactivating hit for inhibition of ODC induction (D0) are 106 krad for gamma radiation, 2400 J m-2 for PUV-A and 14 J m-2 for UV C. These doses produce about one gamma ray lesion, one psoralen adduct and one pyrimidine dimer in the structural gene of ODC. However, the number of lesions per transcription unit may be up to 10, depending on the contribution to the effect by lesions in transcribed and non-transcribed spacers and introns. Thus, assuming that most of the inhibition is due to effects on RNA synthesis, the various DNA lesions appear to have a similar efficiency in terminating RNA transcription, in spite of their greatly different efficiency in cell killing. PMID- 6972364 TI - Radiosensitivity and postirradiation changes of bone marrow clonogenic stromal mechanocytes. AB - The in vitro colony assay was used to determine radiosensitivity and post irradiation changes of guinea pig clonogenic bone marrow stromal fibroblasts (CFU F). D0 of the CFU-F survival curve proved to be about 200 rad, while n is 1.4. Immediately after total-body exposure to 400 rad and to local exposure of tibias to 400 rad, the number of CFU-F diminishes in accordance with D0; it sharply increases after 6 hours and then decreases again. In the period between the eighth and twelfth day following local irradiation, the number of CFU-F doubled in the course of 30-35 hours but later the rate of recovery slowed down. Practically no CFU-F were traced during 3 months after local exposure to 2 krad. PMID- 6972365 TI - Cell death, chromosome damage and mitotic delay in normal human, ataxia telangiectasia and retinoblastoma fibroblasts after x-irradiation. AB - We recently showed (Scott and Zampetti-Bosseler 1980) that X-ray sensitive mouse lymphoma cells sustain more chromosome damage, mitotic delay and spindle defects than X-ray resistant cells. We proposed that (a) chromosome aberrations contribute much more to lethality than spindle defects, and (b) that DNA lesions are less effectively repaired in the sensitive cells and give rise to more G2 mitotic delay and chromosome aberrations. Our present results on human fibroblasts with reported differential sensitivity to ionizing radiation (i.e. normal donors and patients with ataxia telangiectasia and retinoblastoma) support the first hypothesis since we observed a positive correlation between chromosome aberration frequencies and cell killing and no induced spindle defects. Our second hypothesis is however not substantiated since X-ray sensitive fibroblasts from the ataxia patient suffered less mitotic delay than cells from normal donors. A common lesion for mitotic delay and chromosome aberrations can still be assumed by adopting the hypothesis of Painter and Young (1981) that the defect in ataxia cells is not in repair but in a failure of DNA damage to initiate mitotic delay. In contrast to other reports, we found the retinoblastoma cells to be of normal radiation sensitivity (cell killing and aberration). PMID- 6972366 TI - The biological effect of very high energy hadrons. AB - The meristems of Vicia faba bean roots were irradiated at different depths in water in a 250 GeV/c positive hadron beam from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). The growth during the 10 days following irradiation was determined and compared with results obtained from 60Co gamma-ray exposures. The data indicate a Relative Biological Efficiency (r.b.e.) near to one, independent of the contribution of secondaries to the dose. However, some anomalies in the radiation response of the irradiated beans were noted. PMID- 6972367 TI - Comment on the paper, "chromosome aberrations induced by low doses of x-rays in human lymphocytes in vitro'. PMID- 6972369 TI - Hydrogel lens solutions. PMID- 6972368 TI - [Transfer of vitamin A to the egg influenced by bacitracin or flavomycin (author's transl)]. AB - During two experiments hens are fed with diet supplemented with or without 10 ppm of Bacitracin or 0,5 ppm of Flavomycin. Both increase retinol transfer from diet to yolk. Differences are not always significant. They are concerning almost a more important percentage of eggs whose yolks contain between 500 and more than 700 IU of vitamin A (66,6 p. 100 for Bacitracin supplement; 80,9 p. 100 for Flavomycin supplement and 45 p. 100 for control). Each additive increases hepatic storage and serum level of retinol but not significantly. Transfer of vitamin A from diet to yolk is between 12,1 p. 100 and 24,0 p. 100 regarding individual variations. There is no influence from the strain. Warren or Dekalb, used. PMID- 6972371 TI - Acute epiglottitis. PMID- 6972370 TI - Inhibition of active transport of chloride and sodium by vanadate in the cornea. AB - Vanadate, an inhibitor of (Na+ + K+)ATPase, also inhibits active transepithelial Na+ and Cl- transport (measured as short-circuit current) in the isolated cornea in concentrations of 10(-4)M to 10(-3)M. The disulfonic stilbene, DIDS, does not affect the short-circuit current per se, but it prevents the inhibitory effect of vanadate on Na+ and Cl- transport. Since vanadate acts in other systems from the cytoplasmic side, it is postulated that DIDS interferes with vanadate penetration into the epithelial cells. These results also strengthen the notion of a Na-Cl co transport system in the corneal epithelium. PMID- 6972372 TI - Evaluation of results of new treatments for osteosarcoma. PMID- 6972373 TI - The importance of drug use histories in a series of alcoholics. AB - A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the history of drug and antisocial problems in 163 consecutive male alcoholics. Primary alcoholism in the absence of misuse of substances other than marijuana was seen for 71%, multi-drug misuse of 18%, and 11% fulfilled the criteria for the antisocial personality. The primary sociopaths with secondary alcoholism demonstrated the highest levels of alcohol and drug related difficulties, while the multi-drug abusers tended to be midway between the primary alcoholics and sociopaths on these measures. PMID- 6972374 TI - The roles of cytochrome b5 in reconstituted monooxygenase systems containing various forms of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450. AB - The roles of cytochrome b5 in NADPH-dependent monooxygenase reactions catalyzed by reconstituted systems containing four forms of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P 450, i.e. P-450(1), P-450(2), P-448(1), and P-448(2), were examined. Various substrates were metabolized actively in the absence of cytochrome b5 by the system containing P-450(1), but the monooxygenase reactions were accompanied by oxidation of NADPH uncoupled to the product formation. When cytochrome b5 was included in the system, the product formation increased to various extents, depending on the substrates used, while NADPH oxidation changed much less, resulting in an improvement of the coupling efficiency. The increase was large when a substrate metabolized at a low velocity was employed. Evidence is presented that the second of two electrons required for the monooxygenase reactions could be introduced into P-450(1) via cytochrome b5. On the other hand, the rate of P-450(1) reduction was not affected by the addition of cytochrome b5 to the system and that of cytochrome b5 reduction by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was sufficient to support electron flow to cytochrome P-450 via cytochrome b5 as the second electron. The stimulatory effect of cytochrome b5 on the P-450(1)-catalyzed monooxygenase reactions can be explained by assuming that the rate of the second electron supply to the oxygenated P-450(1)-substrate complex from cytochrome b5 is higher than that directly from NADPH-cytochrome P 450 reductase. An electron flow from NADH via cytochrome b5 can be utilized as the second electron for the O-deethylase reaction of 7-ethoxycoumarin catalyzed by reconstituted systems containing P-450(2) and P-448(2) when both NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome b5 are included in the system, although the cytochrome has no stimulatory effect at all on the deethylase activity of these two cytochrome P-450's. It has been shown that the second electron for P 448(1) can also be supplied from NADH via cytochrome b5 in a reconstituted acetanilide p-hydroxylase system containing P-448(1), cytochrome b5, and the two reductases. PMID- 6972375 TI - The non-detergent solubilization and isolation of intracytoplasmic membrane polypeptides from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - A nonspecific solubilization of the intracytoplasmic membrane proteins from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides has been achieved in the absence of detergents. Following removal of the photopigments and phospholipids by acetone/methanol extractions, the protein is quantitatively solubilized in 6 M guanidine thiocyanate which is subsequently exchanged by dialysis for 7 M urea. A urea soluble protein fraction is obtained which represents 80% of the initial protein and qualitatively contains all the polypeptides of the membrane resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the exception of the reaction center polypeptides M and L, and the 35.2-kilodalton species. Fractionation of the urea-soluble polypeptides on a Sepharose CL-6B column resolves into separate fractions the two major low molecular weight polypeptides identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Further examination of these fractions by isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis at pH 4.5 in the presence of 8 M urea reveals the presence of three major species each of which has been purified to homogeneity by a combination of ion exchange chromatography and preparative electrophoretic techniques. It is believed that these three major polypeptides are components of the light-harvesting pigment protein complexes. PMID- 6972376 TI - Characterization of the three major intracytoplasmic membrane polypeptides isolated from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The characterization of the three major membrane polypeptides indicated to be subunits of the light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides is described. Molecular weight determinations of the three polypeptides have been performed by sedimentation analysis and electrophoretic mobility and the values obtained were in agreement with each other as well as with those derived from compositional studies. NH2- and COOH terminal amino acid determinations were performed for each of the species; two of the polypeptides produces no reaction with dansyl chloride and were concluded to have blocked amino termini. In each instance, the data were consistent with each of the polypeptides being a single, pure species. Further characterization of the proteins was accomplished by amino acid compositional analysis and peptide mapping of tryptic and chymotryptic digestions of the polypeptides. The number of peptides obtained from the digestions was in agreement with the amino acid compositional data. Two of the polypeptides, 15B and 15C, which possess very similar molecular weights, identical carboxyl termini and apparently blocked amino termini were shown by amino acid analysis and peptide mapping to be structurally discrete species, although related. The relationship between these purified proteins and the known activities and characteristics of the light harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes of R. sphaeroides is discussed. PMID- 6972380 TI - The treatment of non-unions with electricity. PMID- 6972377 TI - Measurement of delta pH and membrane potential in isolated neurosecretory vesicles from bovine neurohypophyses. AB - The steady state concentration ratios of [3H]methylamine and [14C]SCN- were measured to determine the pH gradient and electrical potential, respectively, across the membrane of purified, intact, neurosecretory vesicles from bovine posterior pituitary. The intravesicular pH was 5.8 when the medium pH was 7. Varying the external pH had only a small effect on the intravesicular pH and resulted in a change in the pH gradient. Extrapolation to zero pH gradient yielded a value of 5.5 for the intravesicular pH. When the medium pH was 7, the pH gradient collapsed in the presence of ammonium sulfate or the combination of nigericin and K+. Measurement of the thiocyanate distribution across the vesicle membrane suggested the existence of an inside negative membrane potential. Mg2+ ATP caused a marked shift in the potential to +50 mV (inside positive) without altering the intravesicular pH. This shift was inhibited by carbonyl cyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. The possible roles of the large pH gradient and membrane potential in the storage of peptide hormones and their secretion is discussed. PMID- 6972378 TI - ATP stimulates amino acid accumulation by lysosomes incubated with amino acid methyl esters. Evidence for a lysosomal proton pump. AB - Lysosomes incubated with leucine methyl ester accumulate leucine against a steep concentration gradient. In the presence of 140 mM KCl, the cation exchange ionophore nigericin inhibits lysosomal leucine accumulation by 40-60%; in the presence of 250 mM sucrose, however, the ionophore stimulates leucine accumulation by 30-40%. The effects of nigericin suggest that leucine accumulation is inhibited by the alkalinization of, and is stimulated by the acidification of, the lysosomal interior. Mg.ATP stimulates leucine accumulation by more than 40% and partially protects against the inhibitory effects of nigericin in the presence of 10-40 mM KCl. In 140 KCl, nigericin abolishes the effects of Mg.ATP on leucine accumulation. The stimulatory effect of Mg.ATP is not exerted immediately but requires several minutes for maximal development; conversely, when the cofactor Mg2+ is removed after a period of incubation with Mg.ATP, the stimulating effect of Mg.ATP is not lost immediately but dissipates over a time course of several minutes. Protonophores, such as 2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, block the effect of Mg.ATP, although they do not alter the extent of leucine accumulation in the absence of Mg.ATP. The stimulation of leucine accumulation by Mg.ATP appears to be due to intralysosomal acidification. The results thus provide support for the presence of an ATP-dependent proton pump in the lysosomal membrane. PMID- 6972379 TI - Selective loss of elastase inhibitory activity of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor upon chemical modification of its tyrosyl residues. AB - Nitration or acetylation of tyrosine residues of human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) with tetranitromethane or N-acetylimidazole resulted in a selective loss of its inhibitory activity. While the chymotrypsin- and trypsin inhibitory activities were unaffected, all of the elastase inhibiting activity was lost. Comparative amino acid analyses of the native inhibitor and the chemically modified derivatives revealed no differences in the amino acid compositions with the exception that in the case of the tetranitromethane-treated material there were losses in the tyrosine content which could be accounted for by the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine. Nitration of alpha 1-PI.trypsin, alpha 1 PI.chymotrypsin, and alpha 1-PI.elastase complexes with excess tetranitromethane indicated that complex formation protected the binding site of the inhibitor for elastase, but not for trypsin or chymotrypsin. Quantitative estimation of the number of nitrotyrosine residues in the alpha 1-PI isolated from the complexes has shown that one tyrosine residue was protected from nitration. Competition studies have also indicated that the elastase inhibitory site is different from that of trypsin or chymotrypsin, although the possibility of overlapping sites could not be disregarded. PMID- 6972381 TI - Deoxycorticosterone biosynthesis from progesterone in kidney tissue of the human fetus. AB - The levels of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and DOC sulfate are extraordinarily high in the umbilical cord plasma of human newborns. However, the sources of DOC and DOC sulfate in the human fetus are not defined. Recently, it was shown that plasma progesterone was converted to DOC in extraadrenal tissues in pregnant, nonpregnant, and adrenalectomized women and in men. Thus, DOC formation from plasma progesterone constitutes another example of the formation of a biologically active steroid hormone from a circulating precursor. In addition, the conversion of [3H]progesterone to [3H]DOC in homogenates and microsome enriched preparations of adult human kidney tissue was demonstrated. To investigate the origin of DOC in the human fetus, we sought 1) to ascertain whether steroid 21-hydroxylase activity was present in human fetal kidney tissue and 2) to establish the kinetics of the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme should it be present in fetal kidney. We employed microsome-enriched preparations of kidney tissue obtained from human abortuses of 9-20 weeks gestation. [3H]DOC formation from [3H]progesterone (1 microM) proceeded in a linear fashion for 3 h. and the rate of formation of [3H]DOC from [3H]progesterone (1 microM) was linear with a microsomal protein concentration between 0.026-0.512 mg X ml-1. The value computed for the apparent Km of steroid 21-hydroxylase in fetal kidney for progesterone was 0.146 microM. We conclude that the human fetal kidney may be an important site of DOC formation as well as a site of DOC action. PMID- 6972382 TI - Absence of seasonal variation in serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D despite a rise in 25-hydroxyvitamin D in summer. AB - The serum concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25OHD2), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) have been measured in normal subjects whose ages varied from 18 months to 35 yr. Samples were obtained in all months of the year in order to assess the effects of season on serum concentration. During the months of April to September, 25OHD3 levels are higher than in the winter months. No seasonal variation in the 25OHD2 or calcitriol serum concentration was observed. Age-related differences in 25OHD2 and D3 concentrations did not exist. The levels of calcitriol are higher in adolescence and increase from 35 +/- 19 pg/ml (SD) at 1.5-10 yr of age to 54 +/- 21 pg/ml at 10-20 yr of age. In young adults, the levels fall again to 28 +/- 16 pg/ml. Accordingly, despite a seasonal variation in the precursor of calcitriol, the levels of this most active metabolite of vitamin D do not change in relation to sunlight exposure. This lack of seasonal variation is further evidence of the tight feedback regulation of calcitriol. PMID- 6972383 TI - Assessment of Haemophilus influenzae type b opsonins by neutrophil chemiluminescence. AB - A luminol-enhancement chemiluminescence assay and a radiolabeled uptake assay were developed to assess opsonins for Haemophilus influenzae type b. Opsonins in acute and convalescent sera from 17 children with H. influenzae type b meningitis, along with pooled normal human sera, were evaluated and compared with anti-polyribosephosphate antibody concentrations. Five children had a rise in the chemiluminescence-area under the curve for convalescent compared with acute sera. Patient chemiluminescence--area-under-the-curve values were significantly (P less than 0.05) more likely to exceed 50% of normal human serum values if sera contained greater than or equal to 0.1 microgram of anti-polyribosephosphate antibody per ml. Magnesium ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid chelation and heat inactivation of patient and normal human sera significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced chemiluminescence--area-under-the-curve activity. Thus, complement appears to contribute significantly to the opsonization of H. influenzae type b in sera of children. Two of nine children had increases in opsonins as assayed by 3H-labeled H. influenzae type b uptake. After natural systemic H. influenzae type b infection, young children are unable to respond acutely with an increase in anti-polyribosephosphate antibody or serum opsonic activity. PMID- 6972384 TI - Quantitative nephelometric determination of Haemophilus influenzae antigen in body fluids. AB - Nephelometry, an immunological technique widely used for the quantification of blood proteins, was adapted to provide a quantitative method of detecting Haemophilus influenzae capsular antigen in body fluids. Using specific antiserum directed against H. influenzae capsular antigen, samples of serum, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and joint fluid from 38 cases of H. influenzae infections were analyzed. The results were compared for reliability to counterimmunoelectrophoresis, a widely used diagnostic tool. The nephelometric technique has the same advantages of speed and specificity as counterimmunoelectrophoresis and provides the clinician and researcher with a quantitative method that is as reliable as the qualitative counterimmunoelectrophoresis procedure. The method allowed directly quantitative readouts on patient specimens, with no necessity for serial dilutions or densitometric readings. PMID- 6972385 TI - Sensitive hemagglutination inhibition test for mumps antibody. AB - Incorporation of heterologous immunoglobulin against human immunoglobulin G into the mumps HI tests provided a highly sensitive and specific way of measuring mumps antibody in human sera. The sensitivity of this enhanced mumps HI test compared favorably with that of an anti-immunoglobulin-enhanced virus plaque neutralization test, but the HI test required considerably less time and effort to perform. PMID- 6972386 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection. AB - A patient is described who developed signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis after prostatitis due to Trichomonas vaginalis. Chronic prostatitis of unknown cause had previously been reported as being common in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The observations in this case raise the possibility that T. vaginalis might play a role in the prostatitis and pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis in some patients. PMID- 6972388 TI - Hemophilus influenzae type B buccal cellulitis. AB - During a 10-year period there were seventy-two cases of buccal cellulitis caused by Hemophilus influenzae type b (HIb). Patients ranged in age from 3 months to 3 years; 72% were less than 2 year of age. Most children had a poorly demarcated, violaceous discoloration of one cheek. Sixty-eight percent of patients had an associated otitis media, and HIb was isolated from middle ear aspirates of twenty two of twenty-three children. Bacteremia was present in 86% of patients, and five (7.6%) had associated meningitis. Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cephamandole, or a combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol, all proved effective for therapy of this condition. The duration of fever was more prolonged after cephamandole or ampicillin than after a combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol or chloramphenicol alone. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment are made. PMID- 6972389 TI - Post-splenectomy demonstration of splenic tissue by computed tomography with liposoluble contrast material. AB - The significance of localizing accessory spleens in patients with hematologic disorders as well as demonstrating splenic regeneration following splenectomy is well recognized. An experimental contrast material has been developed that, after intravenous injection, selectively opacifies the liver and spleen on computed tomograms. The contrast material was primarily developed to detect small avascular liver lesions (metastases). Its value in detecting accessory or recurrent spleen was recognized incidentally when a patient with testicular carcinoma and a previous splenectomy showed opacification of splenic tissue in the left upper abdomen. PMID- 6972390 TI - Computed tomography in intracranial supratentorial osteochondroma. AB - A case of a huge intracranial frontoparietal osteochondroma in a 20-year-old man is reported. The presenting symptoms were headache, vomiting, and blurred vision. Apart from papilledema, no other abnormal neurological signs were present. A specific preoperative diagnosis could not be reached from the information provided by plain skull films, angiography, and radionuclide scan. The findings on computed tomography were those of a high density mass interspersed with small foci of lower densities, producing a honeycomb appearance, and surrounded by deposits of nodular calcification. The postcontrast scan showed a moderate degree of enhancement with preservation of the precontrast honeycomb pattern. These particular features may enable a correct preoperative histological diagnosis to be offered with a high degree of probability. PMID- 6972387 TI - Afferents to the midbrain auditory center in the bullfrog, rana catesbeiana. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry was used to visualize cells afferent to the bullfrog torus semicircularis. These afferent cells are located in several sensory and nonsensory nuclei. The sensory structures which project to the torus are mainly auditory nuclei, with the major input coming from the ipsilateral superior olive. A very small contralateral projection is also present. In addition, afferents arise from the contralateral, and to a lesser extent ipsilateral, dorsal acoustic nucleus and nucleus caudalis, both primary eighth nerve nuclei. A vestibular input is also apparent in that HRP-positive cells were seen in the magnocellular vestibular nucleus and among elongated bipolar cells at the ventral border of the eighth nerve nuclei. In addition, the torus receives somatosensory input from the contralateral perisolitary band. Afferents from spinal cord cells proved difficult to visualize. Nonsensory areas throughout the brain innervate the torus as well. In the medulla, HRP-positive cells were present bilaterally in both medial and lateral reticular areas. The tegmentum contributes a major input from the superficial isthmal reticular nucleus and a minor input from the tegmental fields. Commissural toral projections are also present. Descending forebrain input arises from the pretectal gray bilaterally, the ventral half of the ipsilateral lateral pretectal nucleus, and possibly, from the ipsilateral posterior thalamic nucleus. HRP-positive cells were also occasionally seen in the posterior tuberculum, ventral hypothalamus, and caudal suprachiasmatic preoptic area. Finally, a telencephalic projection from the ipsilateral anterior entopeduncular nucleus is present. PMID- 6972391 TI - Head fixation device for reproducible position alignment in transmission CT and positron emission tomography. AB - A head-positioning device allowing accurate position transference between computed tomography and positron emission tomography is described. A base plate is fixed to the patient's head through either an individual mold or screws into the calvarium. This base plate fits onto the headholders of the two devices, thus ensuring that scans are taken at the same level. Using the regular software, the coordinates of an anatomic structure may be determined and transferred between the two images. PMID- 6972392 TI - Attenuation correction in gamma emission computed tomography. AB - A method of computing tomographic images from single photon radionuclide emission data is presented. The method takes into account attenuation of gamma rays inside the source and makes use of an iterative technique, based on the difference between the projection data obtained from the source and computed projections, called reprojections, from successive reconstructions of the sources. The method has been tested both by computer simulations and reconstruction of plastic phantoms imaged with 99mTc radionuclides. Substantial improvement in reconstruction accuracy over algorithms uncorrected for internal attenuation is demonstrated. Since the technique is iterative, it can be used with a variety of reconstruction algorithms or combined with other first approximation techniques of attenuation correction. PMID- 6972393 TI - Ventricular size and cerebral blood flow following subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - The relationship among ventricular size on computed tomography (CT), the clinical status of the patient, and cerebral blood flow alterations in subarachnoid hemorrhage is examined. Fifty patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent a total of 71 cerebral blood flow measurements and 115 CT scans. Flow was measured noninvasively using 133Xe inhalation. It is demonstrated that increasing ventricular size is accompanied by clinical deterioration and also by a reduced flow. The effects of the various lesions (as demonstrated by CT) on cerebral perfusion are examined. Of the 23 patients scanned 5 days or less after hemorrhage, 12 had subarachnoid blood visible on the scan. These 12 had flows that averaged 20% lower than the other 11 when examined 6 to 17 days after the hemorrhage. Ventricular enlargement is more prevalent in the first week after the hemorrhage than in the second. Also, blood flow is maximally reduced at the end of the first week following hemorrhage. PMID- 6972394 TI - Quantitation in positron emission computed tomography: 4. Effect of accidental coincidences. AB - Accidental coincidences (ACs) and methods of compensation for ACs were investigated in terms of their effect on quantitation in positron emission computed tomography (ECT). Formulations of basic expressions describing the physical factors, which cause true coincidences or ACs, are presented to provide a framework of contrasting the two phenomena. Correction of image data for attenuation of the annihilation radiation or nonuniformities in detector efficiency is shown to amplify errors caused by the presence of ACs in the data. It was shown that failure to compensate for ACs caused overestimates in measurements of isotope concentrations from image data and that in many cases the overestimate was significant for relatively modest percentages of ACs in the data. Three methods of compensation for ACs were evaluated as to their accuracy and effect on statistical noise in images. It was found that nonuniform detector efficiencies could cause prominent image artifacts if an inadequate method was employed in the determination and subtraction of ACs from image data. The additional statistical noise produced in images by subtraction of ACs from total coincidence data demonstrates the advisability of minimizing AC rates in spite of an ability to adequately measure and compensate for their presence in the data. PMID- 6972395 TI - Case report. Malignant change in an intracranial epidermoid cyst. AB - A malignant epidermoid tumor invading the fourth ventricle had histologic features that indicated malignant transformation in a benign epidermoid cyst. The computed tomographic (CT) findings correlated precisely with the histologic features, revealing both pathologic enhancement and a low attenuation zone. The spectrum of described CT findings in intracranial epidermoids is reviewed and contrasted with the appearance encountered in the present case. PMID- 6972396 TI - Evaluation of stimulated parotid saliva flow rate in different age groups. PMID- 6972398 TI - [Objective method of evaluating vestibular stability by the direction of changes in nystagmus indices following accumulation of Coriolis accelerations]. PMID- 6972397 TI - Slow-acting amine polymerization accelerators. Para-dimethylaminobenzoic acid and its ethyl ester. PMID- 6972399 TI - Cross-sectional clinical evaluation of recurrent enamel caries, restoration of marginal integrity, and oral hygiene status. AB - Both marginal quality and oral hygiene status have strong effects on the risk of recurrent caries. Although there was no statistically significant interaction between these two parameters in this study, the influence of each variable was dependent on its severity. There is a difference between the behavior or the likelihood of recurrent caries on occlusal surfaces as compared with smooth surfaces. On the smooth surfaces, there is a continued increased risk with decreasing marginal quality; the occlusal surfaces, however, show no change in vulnerability beyond a modified marginal quality score of 3. Variation in oral hygiene had a more pronounced effect on the probability of recurrent caries of restorations with moderate margin scores than it did on restorations with either very poor or very good cavosurface margins. This work further emphasizes the importance of technically good restorative care at the operative visit, which, coupled with conscientious oral hygiene, should have a positive effect on increasing the longevity of restorations and decreasing the need for replacement. PMID- 6972400 TI - Periodontal surgery in a patient with von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6972401 TI - Local intranasal immunotherapy for ragweed allergic rhinitis. II. Immunologic response. AB - Local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT) was administered in a double-blind study to 67 subjects. Twenty-three received an unmodified ragweed extract (RW), 24 received a glutaraldehyde polymer of ragweed extract (PRW), and 21 received placebo. Serum ragweed-specific IgE (S-IgE), ragweed-specific nasal secretory (NS-) IgE, secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG, and NS-albumin were measured. RW therapy caused a significant increase in ragweed-specific S-IgE (p less than 0.005) and NS-SIgA (p less than 0.05). PRW therapy caused a significant rise in ragweed-specific NS SIgA (p less than 0.001). NS-IgE (p less than 0.05), and NS-IgG (p less than 0.01). Ragweed-specific S-IgG was not affected by any of the treatments. There was no consistent correlation between NS-antibody levels and symptom/medication scores. PMID- 6972403 TI - The physiologic basis of fever in the postoperative patient. PMID- 6972402 TI - Calculation of secretory antibodies and immunoglobulins. AB - There is increasing evidence for the secretion of IgG and IgE, as well as IgA, antibodies by the nasal mucosa. Because the former immunoglobulins lack an identifiable secretory piece, estimates of their secretion have been on their ratio to albumin or to total immunoglobulin of the same type in the nasal secretion as compared with serum. It is shown, however, that use of the ratio to albumin will result in large errors if the amount of antibody secreted by the nose is relatively small, and ratios based on total secretory Ig will, at least hypothetically, lead to error if antibodies with multiple specificities are being secreted. It is suggested that a more valid quantitation will be obtained from the expression (Formula: see text) where INS is an index of nasal secretion, Ab = antibody, Alb = albumin, N = nasal secretion, and S = serum. PMID- 6972404 TI - Horseradish peroxidase and microperoxidase. Their purity and binding to serum proteins. AB - Buffer solutions of commercially available batches of the electron microscopic enzyme tracers, horseradish peroxidase (HRP, mol wt = 40,000) and microperoxidase (MP, mol wt = 2,000), were investigated by gel filtration. The elution profiles of the HRP and MP solutions together with estimates of the peroxidatic activity of the collected fractions indicated that HRP was homogeneous with respect to molecular weight, while MP contained high molecular weight impurities with peroxidatic activity. Serum samples from four different species of tracer injected animals (hagfish, lamprey, frog, mouse) and from control animals were investigated with the same techniques. No binding between HRP and the serum proteins or degradation of HRP was detected; whereas, MP circulated predominantly bound to serum proteins in all the investigated animals. The number average molecular weights of aqueous solutions of HRP and MP determined by vapor osmometry were 9,000 and 1,000, respectively. The results emphasize that protein binding should be evaluated when MP is used as an electron microscopic tracer. In addition, the finding that HRP and MP solutions have a much higher osmotic activity than the molecular weights of the tracers would suggest should be taken into consideration, especially when bolus injections into animals are performed. PMID- 6972405 TI - Lysosomal cathepsin B-like activity: mobilization in prereplicative and neoplastic epithelial cells. AB - Extracellular release of acid thiol proteinase activity by prereplicative and neoplastic epithelial cells was studied in serum-free, chemically defined media (CDM) in vitro. Cells isolated from urinary bladder of male bullfrogs and endometrium of ovariectomized rats each showed preferential secretion of cathepsin B-like (CB) activity within 30 min after exposure to carcinogenic nitrosamines (5 X 10(-4) M) or to mitogenic estrogen 1 X 10(-9) M), respectively. In contrast, release of such proteinase, and stimulation of cell proliferation were far less extensive in rat preputial gland cells treated with estradiol-17 beta. Striking secretion of CB was characteristic of neoplastic, but not noncancerous, epithelial cells from human ectocervix. Neoplastic cells with divergent rates of cell-to-cell aggregation were separated by a filtration method. Those cells with high rates of intercellular aggregation also exhibited higher rates of cell proliferation in CDM, as well as in soft gels, and a greater level of CB release than corresponding cancer cells with a relatively low degree of intercellular adhesion. Brief treatment of neoplastic cervical epithelial cells with liposomes containing entrapped leupeptin, a potent inhibitor of CB activity, elicited a sharp reduction in both cellular thiol proteinase activity and cell growth as compared to appropriate controls. These data indicate that mobilization of lysosomal CB activity in prereplicative and malignant cells may play a significant role in the promotion of cell proliferation. PMID- 6972407 TI - Glucocorticoid-induced membrane alteration of thymocytes and thymic phagocytosis. AB - Electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of thymocytes progressively decreased after an i.p. injection of 10 mg hydrocortisone, and reached its lowest value 3 hr later. The degree of the decrease in the EPM of thymocytes was dependent on the dose of hydrocortisone. Thymic phagocytic cells began to ingest thymocytes in vivo 2 hr after hydrocortisone injection, and thymic phagocytosis continued up to 8 hr. Glucocorticoid-induced phagocytosis was also detected in vitro, i.e., primarily cultured thymic phagocytic cells ingested membrane-altered viable thymocytes from 10-mg hydrocortisone-treated mice 4 to 10 times more than control thymocytes. It was considered from these results that the decrease in the negative surface charge of thymocytes is closely associated with the phagocytosis of thymocytes by thymic phagocytic cells. PMID- 6972408 TI - Activation of mouse lymphocytes by anti-immunoglobulin. III. Analysis of responding B lymphocytes by flow cytometry and cell sorting. PMID- 6972409 TI - Cellular interactions affecting the maturation of murine B lymphocyte precursors in vitro. AB - Clonable B cells arose in liquid cultures of slg+ cell-depleted bone marrow suspensions, and a majority of these derived from rapidly sedimenting (presumably large) precursors. Such immature (pre-B) cells were not demonstrable in adult lymph nodes. The development of functional B cells in vitro depended on adherent cells present in adult bone marrow or peritoneal exudates and in the presence of optimal numbers of these accessory cells; not FCS or 2-ME or LPS were essential for B cell maturation. In contrast, the ability of fetal liver cell suspensions to generate B cells in culture was not affected by the removal of adherent cells or addition of macrophages, and LPS consistently reduced numbers of colony forming B cells recovered. A type of nonadherent cell present in the bone marrow of adult CBA/N mice dramatically enhanced B cell maturation in normal CBA/H-T6T6 fetal liver cell cultures. These results indicate that 2 types of accessory cells may augment transition of pre-B cells to functional B cells in culture. One is adherent and can be replaced by macrophages, whereas the other is nonadherent and is present in limiting numbers in embryos. When fetal liver cultures were incubated with optimal numbers of adult accessory cells, the rate of emergence of B cells was dependent on the gestational age of the donor embryo. This suggests that B cell formation in utero may be limited by the availability of B cell precursors as well as nonadherent accessory cells. The possibility exists that fetal pre-B cells typify intermediates in the B lineage which are infrequent in adult marrow. Alternatively, B cells may be produced in adult life through processes that do not precisely recapitulate embryonic events. PMID- 6972406 TI - T lymphocytes of young and aged rats. I. Distribution, density, and capping of T antigens. AB - The distribution, density, and capping of the T cell antigens W3/13, W3/25, and Thy-1 were studied in lymphocytes of young (3 to 4 mo) and aged (greater than or equal to 27 mo) Brown Norway (BN) rats. The total number of W3/13, W3/25, and Thy 1 positive cells and the percentage of Thy-1 positive cells are reduced in the spleens and lymph nodes of aged rats. Analysis of spleen and lymph node cells in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter indicated that with ageing there is a loss of moderately and brightly stained W3/13 and W3/25 positive cells. The density of W3/13, W3/25, and Thy-1 is reduced on spleen and lymph node cells of old rats. The rate of capping of all 3 molecules is diminished on "old" cells. Colchicine treatment of young cells enhanced capping of all 3 molecules and allowed capping of W3/13 by a single ligand. However, capping on "old" lymphocytes was not affected by colchicine treatment. Cytochalasin D inhibited capping to the same extent on young and "old" cells. These results suggest that the membrane composition and cytoskeleton are altered in T lymphocytes of aged rats. PMID- 6972411 TI - The biosynthesis of Ly-5 in T and B cells. PMID- 6972410 TI - Modulation of granulomatous hypersensitivity. II. Participation of Ly 1+ and Ly 2+ T lymphocytes in the suppression of granuloma formation and lymphokine production in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. AB - The regulatory mechanism(s) active in the spontaneous suppression of parasite egg induced granulomatous response was analyzed in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. A single injection of cyclophosphamide (CY) given to chronically infected mice with diminished granulomas and impaired ability to produce MIF restored the enhanced granulomatous response and lymphokine production by spleen cells. Drug treated animals also showed a rise in the level of circulating anti-egg antigen antibody. After CY treatment, spleen cells were still capable of adoptively suppressing the vigorous granulomatous response and MIF production in acutely infected recipients. Adoptive suppression, however, was abrogated when spleen cells of chronically infected mice were pretreated with anti-Lyt 1.1 alloantiserum and C before transfer. Based on the present and previous observations, it is proposed that the modulated granulomatous inflammatory response in mice with chronic infection is maintained by a dynamic equilibrium between effector and regulator lymphocytes. Although the inflammation is maintained by Ly 1+ Ia- TDH cells, the intensity of the response is regulated by Ly 1+ Ia+ TH, Ly 2+ Ia+ Ts and possibly a putative precursor population of lymphocytes. PMID- 6972412 TI - Studies on Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antigen-antibody system. II. P-B antigens in extracts of lymphoma-leukemia spleens and pathologic sera. AB - Preparations obtained by the chloroform-methanol extraction procedure from spleen tissues of patients with Hodgkin's disease, lymphomas, and leukemias, as well as from peripheral blood buffy coat of infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients were studied for the presence of 2 Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antigens; BS antigen shared by bovine red blood cells (BRBC) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and another, B antigen characteristic for BRBC. Both BS and B antigens were demonstrated by means of agglutination inhibition tests in over 40% of these extracts. None of the extracts from spleens, tonsils, and buffy coat of apparently normal human beings contained these antigens. P-B antigens of lymphoma-leukemia extracts were further purified by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. The purified fractions of some of these spleen extracts formed a precipitation line with IM sera, which merged into a reaction of identity with the lines formed by P-B antigens of BRBC. In studying various pathologic sera, B antigen was detected in sera of 28% of lymphoma-leukemia patients, 15% of patients with carcinomas of internal organs, and 3% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. On the other hand, BS antigen was found in only 3% of lymphoma-leukemia sera. These results confirmed our previous observations and indicated that both BS and B antigens are expressed as neoantigens on the patient's spleen cells as a result of pathologic processes in lymphoreticular malignancies. PMID- 6972413 TI - "Mature" thymocytes are not glucocorticoid-resistant in vitro. AB - Dexamethasone, administered in vitro either continuously or for a 30-min pulse period followed by a chase of 18 to 24 hr, is shown to decrease protein synthetic rates as well as cellular viabilities in a dose-dependent manner in murine thymocytes. Differential effects on cortical and medullary thymocyte subpopulations should be detectable by alterations in the rates of synthesis of specific molecules which are stable in vitro, relative to total protein synthesis, in the absence of steroids. However, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), a marker for cortical cells, and Qa-1 and H-2, preferentially expressed in medullary cells, continue to be produced as constant fractions of total synthesis even after treatment with up to 10(-6) M dexamethasone. Furthermore, thymocytes obtained from normal and in vivo cortisone-treated mice show little, if any, difference in their intrinsic sensitivities to dexamethasone in vitro. The results reported here suggest that a corticoresistant thymocyte per se does not exist in vitro and that the thymus may produce factor(S) in vivo that protect the medullary subpopulation from in vivo glucocorticoid-induced lysis. PMID- 6972414 TI - T cell recognition of Moloney sarcoma virus proteins. II. Phenotypes of the different lymphocyte subpopulations producing and responding to blastogenic factors and their relative frequencies during tumor regression. AB - The characteristics of the blastogenic response of splenic lymphocytes from MoLV/MSV immune mice was examined. Splenic lymphocytes from immune mice proliferate in vitro in response to the major virion envelope glycoprotein, gp70. Associated with this response is production of blastogenic factors that induce the proliferation of nylon wool-purified lymphocytes from either normal or immune mice. The phenotype of antigen-specific lymphocytes essential for the production of blastogenic factors was found to be Thy 1.2+, Lyt 1+, 2-. The induction of proliferation by blastogenic factors does not require the presence of antigen. Using splenic lymphocytes from either normal or immune mice, blastogenic factors predominantly induce the proliferation of a Thy 1.2-, Lyt 1-, 2- lymphocyte. As a consequence of responding to blastogenic factors, in vitro, approximately 50% of this lymphocyte population becomes Thy 1.2+, Lyt 1+ over a period of 3 days. The frequencies of lymphocytes producing and responding to blastogenic factors were found to show characteristic changes during the course of tumor growth and regression. PMID- 6972415 TI - The measurement of cytotoxicity by the reduction of hybridoma plaque-forming cells. AB - Hybridoma cells secreting antibody against heterologous erythrocytes have been used as targets to measure cytotoxic T cell activity. The ability of the target cells to form hemolytic plaques has been used as an index of target viability. It has been possible to devise a sensitive plaque reduction method for measuring cytotoxicity which lends itself to screening small numbers of cytotoxic cells. PMID- 6972416 TI - A simplified method for the production of murine T-cell growth factor free of lectin. AB - A simple and rapid method for the production of TCGF free of lectin (LF-TCGF) is described. Murine splenocytes are exposed to 10--20 micrograms/ml Con A for 2 h before washing the cells and incubating them in medium for an additional 20 h. This procedure leads to the same titers of TCGF activity obtained when Con A is presented throughout the incubation time. The resulting TCGF preparation is free of Con A as evidenced by its inability to activate fresh resting lymphoid cells and by measurements using [3H]Con A in tracer amounts. The LF-TCGF is capable of growing activated but not resting lymphocytes and can lead to greater than 50 fold increase in the generation of cytotoxic cells in in vitro sensitizations to alloantigens. PMID- 6972417 TI - Suppression of contact sensitivity by IgG1 antihapten antibody in contact sensitized guinea pigs. AB - The guinea pig sera obtained 2 weeks after 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene sensitization had ability to suppress elicitation of contact sensitivity when transferred intravenously into contact sensitized guinea pigs. The activity was found only in the sera obtained 2 weeks after the sensitization, whereas the sera obtained 1 and 3 weeks after the sensitization had no effect on contact sensitivity. Pretreatment of cyclophosphamide abolished the generation of the suppressive factor. The suppressive factor was hapten-specific. It was eluted from a Sephadex G-150 column into 7S gamma-globulin fraction and from DEAE ion exchange cellulose column into IgG1 fraction. The suppressive activity was absorbed on a dinitrophenylated bovine gamma globulin Sepharose 4B column and was eluted by either acidic buffered solution or dinitrophenol from the affinity column. It was absorbed by antiguinea pig IgG1-Sepharose and not by antiguinea pig IgG2-Sepharose, Therefore, the suppressive activity found in the sera of 1 fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene sensitized guinea pigs was attributed to IgG1 antihapten antibody. PMID- 6972418 TI - Identification and characterization of an exotoxin from Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic-shock syndrome. AB - Toxic-shock syndrome (TSS) is believed to be caused by a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. An exotoxin has been identified that is associated with strains of S. aureus isolated from patients with TSS. Coded strains of S. aureus were tested for the presence of the exotoxin by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. Sixty isolates of S. aureus were tested; 28 (100%) of 28 isolates from patients with TSS but only five (16%) of 32 control isolates produced the toxin (P much less than 0.001). This protein exotoxin, which was purified by differential precipitation with ethanol and thin-layer isoelectric focusing, had an isoelectric point of 7.2. When tested by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the toxin migrated as a homogeneous protein with a molecular weight of 22,000. The exotoxin produced fever in rabbits and enhanced susceptibility to lethal shock caused by endotoxin. Other biologic properties of the exotoxin included lymphocyte mitogenicity and the capacity to suppress synthesis of IgM antibody to sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 6972419 TI - The type b capsular polysaccharide as a virulence determinant of Haemophilus influenzae: studies using clinical isolates and laboratory transformants. AB - Haemophilus influenzae organisms elaborating one of six capsular polysaccharides (types a-f) colonize the respiratory tract of humans, but only type b strains commonly cause systemic infections. To investigate the role of capsular polysaccharides as virulence determinants, rats were inoculated with capsulated (types a-f) or noncapsulated clinical isolates or with laboratory-derived type b and type d transformants of a noncapsulated strain. After intraperitoneal inoculation, all capsulated strains possessed the potential for systemic infection, but type b strains were more virulent; noncapsulated strains were noninvasive. After intranasal inoculation, only type b strains were invasive. There was no difference in efficiency of nasopharyngeal colonization between type b and type d transformants. After intravenous inoculation, only type b strains resulted in persistent bacteremia. Thus, type b strains--clinical isolates or transformants--display unique virulence characteristics. These data suggest that elaboration of type b capsule is necessary and sufficient for this virulence of H. influenzae type b in the rat. PMID- 6972420 TI - Loss of plasmid DNA coding for beta-lactamase during experimental infection with Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Apparent R factor-negative segregation was documented during infection of infant monkeys with two of three strains of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b. In vitro the bacterial population of one strain (A-Sm) uniformly produced beta-lactamase. All bacteria isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid from both animals inoculated with strain A-Sm produced the enzyme. In contrast, 98% and 96% of bacteria from two other strains produced beta-lactamase in vitro. After intranasal inoculation of infant Macacca mulatta with these two strains, bacteria isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid uniformly did not produce beta lactamase. Loss of the beta-lactamase-producing phenotype was associated with loss of plasmid DNA. Strains containing a mixed population of bacteria may undergo spontaneous loss of plasmid DNA during experimental infection. It is suggested that in these strains the bacteria carrying plasmids are less virulent. PMID- 6972421 TI - A case of keratitis due to Acanthamoeba in New York, New York, and features of 10 cases. AB - A man in New York, New York, contracted keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba castellanii. The diagnosis was delayed because amoebae were not initially suspected as the infectious organism. The culture isolate and the amoebae in corneal sections were identified as A. castellanii by immunofluorescence using antiserum to plasma membranes of this species. With the rapid agar disk diffusion method, the amoebae were shown to e susceptible to pimaricin (0.5%) and resistant to greater than 1,000-micrograms/ml levels of paromomycin, polymyxin B-bacitracin neomycin, acriflavine, 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The infection responded to treatment with pimaricin administered with several other drugs. This infection is the eighth case reported in the literature of acanthamoebic keratitis and emphasizes the need for clinicians to consider acanthamoebic infection in the differential diagnosis of eye infections that fail to respond to bacterial, fungal, and viral therapy. PMID- 6972422 TI - Subtyping isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b by outer-membrane protein profiles. AB - Outer-membrane proteins from isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sarcosinate-insoluble membrane preparations contained one peptide with a molecular weight of 16,000 and four major peptides with molecular weights of 25,000-40,000. A peptide with a molecular weight of 49,000 (50,000 in some strains) was observed after the samples were heated at 100 C. Fifty-one isolates obtained from patients hospitalized with invasive diseases, primarily meningitis, could be subclassified into nine categories based on reproducible and clearly resolvable differences in the outer-membrane protein profiles. Five categories accounted for 92% of the isolates. Complete concordance was observed in subtypes of strains obtained from epidemiologically related cases and contacts. Thus, comparison of the major outer-membrane proteins of H. influenzae type b is a useful technique for investigating the transmission of the organism and may provide a basis for further immunologic characterization of the outer-membrane proteins. PMID- 6972423 TI - On the surface of Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6972425 TI - [Immunological responses in pregnancy. The studies on the role of the uterus in gestation and effects to lymphocytes subpopulation (author's transl)]. AB - The lymphocytes that isolated from the both peripheral venous blood (PVB) and uterine venous blood (UVB) of pregnant women with a complication of myoma were studied on the subpopulation (E-rosette and S-Ig method) and lymphoblastoid transformation to mitogens. Two methods on the E-rosette in this study were applied to make a clear correlation between masking phenomenon and humoral factors. One is to be used lymphocytes that washed five times with P.B.S., the other one cultured in RPMI 1640 with 20% FCS for 72 hours afterward. The results were obtained as follows. 1) Although T-cell of UVB displayed significantly lower than that of PVB. The count of T-cell of both PVB and UVB elevated to standard level after washing five times with P.B.S. and/or cultured for 72 hours. 2) The average counts of B-cell by the S-Ig were not detected on the difference between of PVB and UVB. 3) No differences in ratio of lymphoblastoid were recognized on the both lymphocytes of PVB and UVB to PHA and PWM too. 4) AFter five times washing, the counts of T-cell in UVB improved to standard value range. Therefore no difference of the counts in T-cell were detected between in PVB and UVB. PMID- 6972426 TI - [Immune evaluation of cervical cancer patients--alteration of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations--(author's transl)]. AB - Peripheral blood samples from 113 Japanese women, including 24 with dysplasia, 62 with cervical cancer and 19 healthy controls were studied to examine subpopulations of lymphocytes. T lymphocyte counts were done by SRBC rosette tests and B lymphocytes by immunobead rosette tests, respectively. There was a decreased number of total lymphocytes in patients with carcinoma in situ. Number of "active" T lymphocytes was significantly less in patients with carcinoma in situ, dysplasia, microinvasive cancer and advanced cancer than in healthy controls. "Total" T lymphocyte was also depressed in patients with carcinoma in situ. Number of "total" B lymphocytes was lower in patients with advanced cancer. The present findings suggest that cell-mediated immune function associated with T lymphocytes is responsible for the invasion and/or initiation of cervical cancer. PMID- 6972424 TI - Sensitized T-lymphocytes against paternal histocompatibility antigens cause intrauterine fetal death and growth retardation. AB - The influence on pregnancy of sensitized T lymphocytes against male histocompatibility antigens was investigated using inbred strain mice. Number of abortion, litter size, fetal weight and placental weight were studied on 18th day of pregnancy in the mice which were administered intravenously with T lymphocyte enriched fraction of sensitized spleen cells against allogeneic male histocompatibility antigens. The incidence of abortion in the experimental mice was higher than that in control mice. Mean fetal weight in the experimental mice was less than that in the control mice although mean placental weight in the experimental mice was unaffected. Those results show that immunologic interruption of pregnancy due to histoincompatibility between mother and fetus can occur and that the immunologic interruption of pregnancy is caused by sensitized T lymphocytes against paternal inherited histocompatibility antigens. Possible process of the immunologic interruption of pregnancy is discussed. PMID- 6972429 TI - Teaching physicians and lawyers to understand each other: the development of a law and medicine clinic. PMID- 6972430 TI - Newer diagnostic medical imaging techniques: their implications as evidence. PMID- 6972432 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observation of non-E rosettes (lymphocytes adhering to less than three RRBC) in guinea pigs. PMID- 6972427 TI - Hospital mortality and morbidity for open heart surgery. PMID- 6972428 TI - Artificial insemination redivivus: permutations within a penumbra. PMID- 6972431 TI - Due process in the "voluntary" civil commitment of juvenile wards. PMID- 6972433 TI - Multiple sclerosis in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. III: Histocompatibility determinants. AB - Histocompatibility testing was performed in 48 multiple sclerosis patients and two carefully matched control groups in Orkney Islands, an area of high multiple sclerosis prevalence. The frequency of HLA-A3, HLA-B7, and DW2 was comparable in patients and controls. However, HLA-B7 was significantly more common in female patients compared with male patients. A B-cell alloantigen (B-cell 4) was also as frequent in patients as among controls. Strong linkage between HLA-B7, DW2 and B cell 4 occurred in controls, but not patients; the linkage was particularly striking in female controls. These data are not consistent with theories that relate certain of the histocompatibility antigens to the aetiology of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6972434 TI - Polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes by formaldehyde fixed Salmonella paratyphi B. I. Immunoglobulin production without DNA synthesis. AB - A "new" polyclonal activator of human peripheral blood B cells, formaldehyde fixed Salmonella paratyphi B, is described. This bacterium does not stimulate cell proliferation as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine but does stimulate a subpopulation of B cells to secrete large amounts of IgM, IgG, and IgA in 7-day cell cultures. The immunoglobulins (Ig) produced by cells responding to S. paratyphi B are not specific antibodies against the bacterial antigens. In comparison with other B cell activators (pokeweed mitogen, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, and lipopolysaccharide), S. paratyphi B stimulation produced greater amounts of IgM but less IgG than pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or S. aureus Cowan I; lipopolysaccharide failed to stimulate significant Ig production on day 7 in most cases. In addition, the response to S. paratyphi apparently did not require T cell collaboration. These results suggest that the B cell subpopulation(s) responding to S. paratyphi B may be more differentiated B cells than those responding to either PWM or S. aureus Cowan I. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five patients with common variable immunodeficiency without evidence of abnormal suppressor T cells or monocytes failed to respond to S. paratyphi B, whereas cells from two of the same patients responded well to S. aureus Cowan I and partially to PWM. Thus, S. paratyphi B appears to be superior to other B cell activators for studies of B cell function in normal and abnormal states. PMID- 6972436 TI - Conversion of monocytes to cells capable of anchorage-independent growth in vitro. AB - We investigated the time-course involved in the conversion of mouse blood monocytes in vitro in cells capable of anchorage-independent growth. Two criteria were used to define when monocytes were fully converted to cells similar to mononuclear phagocytes present in inflammatory exudate, such as thioglycollate medium (TM)-elicited peritoneal exudate. They were the production of high levels of plasminogen activators and an ability to undergo anchorage-independent growth. Resident peritoneal macrophages were used as controls and for comparison. Our studies indicated that monocytes, but not resident peritoneal macrophages, could be converted to cells similar to TM-elicited mononuclear phagocytes after 2 d in culture. PMID- 6972438 TI - Biochemical and histochemical studies on catecholamines in bullfrog spinal ganglia. PMID- 6972435 TI - Cell-interaction molecules on immunocompetent lymphocytes. Development of anti parent cell-interaction-molecule-receptor reactions in F1 hybrid mice and evidence for a unique F1 hybrid subset of interacting cells. AB - The experiments presented herein demonstrate that F1-parent T-B cell cooperation in vivo is significantly diminished by the addition of lymphoid cells of opposite parental type. This inhibition phenomenon is not a straightforward allosuppression mechanism as (a) it can be induced by parental lymphoid cells depleted by T cells, (b) it does not operate on cooperative interactions between homologous T and B cells of opposite parental type, and (c) absolutely requires the presence of F1 cells as participants in the reactions generated. The possible involvement of alloantibodies produced aberrantly under the experimental conditions employed has been ruled out by direct macrophage/antigen-presenting cell components of the reactions has been excluded. Because the presence of parental lymphoid cells only affects cooperative interactions between F1 T cells and B lymphocytes of opposite parental type but has no inhibitory effect on cooperative interactions between homologous F1, T and B cells, this (and other points discussed herein) strongly argues for the existence of one or more subsets of F1 interacting partner cells that are uniquely specific for F1, as distinct from either parental type cell interaction determinants. For reasons discussed, it appears that the most likely mechanism underlying such parental cell-induced inhibitory effects on F1-parent partner cell interactions is the development of anti-self cell interaction structure responses by F1 cells against the relevant self-specific cell-interaction structures of the parental partner cells involved. PMID- 6972437 TI - Selective enhancement and suppression of frog gustatory responses to amino acids. AB - Properties of the receptor sites for L-amino acids in taste cells of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) were examined by measuring the neural activities of the glossopharyngeal nerve under various conditions. (a) The frogs responded to 12 amino acids, but the responses to the amino acids varied with individual frogs under natural conditions. The frog tongues, however, exhibited similar responses after an alkaline treatment that removes Ca2+ from the tissue. The variation in the responses under natural conditions was apparently due to the variation in the amount of Ca2+ bound to the receptor membrane. (b) The responses to hydrophilic L amino acids (glycine, L-alanine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-cysteine, and L proline) were of a tonic type, but those to hydrophobic L-amino acids (L-valine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tyrptophan) were usually composed of both phasic and tonic components. (c) The properties of the tonic component were quite different from those of the phasic component: the tonic component was largely enhanced by the alkaline treatment and suppressed by the acidic treatment that increases binding of Ca2+ to the tissue. Also, the tonic component was suppressed by the presence of low concentrations of salts, or the action of pronase E, whereas the phasic component was unchanged under these conditions. These properties of the phasic component were quite similar to those of the response to hydrophobic substances such as quinine. These results suggest that the hydrophilic L-amino acids stimulate receptor protein(s) and that the hydrophobic L-amino acids stimulate both the receptor protein and a receptor site similar to that for quinine. (d) On the basis of the suppression of the responses to amino acids by salts, the mechanism of generation of the receptor potential is discussed. PMID- 6972439 TI - Rheological and fibrinolytic findings in multiple sclerosis. AB - Blood viscosity indices, fibrinolytic activity and other serum proteins related to haemocoagulation have been studied in 36 patients with multiple sclerosis. The whole blood viscosity was found to be increased in multiple sclerosis. The increase was caused by a decrease in erythrocyte deformability since plasma viscosity and haematocrit were normal. Plasminogen, fibrinogen and alpha 2 antitrypsin levels were found to be lower than normal. Such alterations were not observed in a group of patients with other non-immunological neurological diseases. In the latter group some coagulation indices were even higher than normal. The higher mean age of the pathological controls could explain the observed levels. The abnormalities observed in multiple sclerosis patients are considered to be a consequence of a non-specific activation of the coagulative system in a chronic immunological disease. PMID- 6972442 TI - Hemorrhagic lesions in stomach of rhesus monkey caused by a piscine ascaridoid nematode. AB - Within a few hours after being administered to the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), Hysterothylacium type MB larvae penetrated the stomach wall, causing hemorrhage and attracting eosinophils. Inocula up to 300 larvae, however, did not cause peripheral hypereosinophilia. This species is the first ascaridoid which normally matures in fish that has been shown to penetrate the alimentary tract of a primate. Consequently, human consumption of raw seafood from at least the northern Gulf of Mexico free from infections, with Anisakis spp., Phocanema decipiens, or other species that mature in mammals or birds does not necessarily assure freedom from anisakiasis as previously assumed. PMID- 6972440 TI - Pain control and improvement of peripheral blood flow following epidural spinal cord stimulation: case report. PMID- 6972443 TI - X-linked recessive congenital stationary night blindness, myopia, and tilted discs. AB - A family with X-linked recessive congenital stationary night blindness, myopia, and tilted discs has been identified. All affected members have decreased vision, nystagmus, strabismus with decreased binocular function, visual field defects, abnormal fundus appearance with typical fluorescein angiographic findings of tilted disc syndrome, abnormal electroretinograms, and abnormal visual evoked responses to patterned stimuli. Similar clinical evaluation of an obligate carrier revealed no ocular abnormalities. PMID- 6972441 TI - Dandy-Walker syndrome. Clinical analysis of 23 cases. AB - A clinical analysis of 23 patients with Dandy-Walker malformation indicates that more than 85% of them were diagnosed at or before 1 year of age, and that the incidence of associated anomalies is approximately 50%, with a 17% incidence for agenesis of the corpus callosum. The significance of the presence of these anomalies is substantiated by the fact that of the seven deaths recorded, six were related to this disease and five were affected by associated anomalies. The high mortality rate (26%) is comparable to that of other series. The differential diagnosis with posterior fossa extra-axial cysts is discussed. Ten patients were primarily treated with excision of the cyst membrane; all of them required subsequent shunting to control the intracranial pressure, demonstrating the futility of this approach. None of the patients treated with lateral ventricle shunting suffered an upward herniation of the posterior fossa contents, suggesting that combined shunting of the lateral and fourth ventricles is rarely necessary. The technical advantages of posterior fossa shunting alone are outlined. Of the 16 survivors, 14 were assessed for their mental development by means of standard psychometric testing. The results of the intelligence quotient (IQ) scoring have indicated that 71% of the patients have subnormal mental development (IQ less than 83). There was no significant relationship between retardation and associated anomalies, although agenesis of the corpus callosum was related to poor intellectual development in the two patients so affected (IQ's of 50 and 73). PMID- 6972444 TI - Tapeto-retinal degeneration associated with renal disease. PMID- 6972445 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of ibuprofen in plasma. AB - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method is presented for the determination of ibuprofen in human plasma. Ibuprofen is extracted from plasma acidified with 1.0 M phosphoric acid using hexane containing p-phenylphenol as an internal standard. A reversed-phase octadecylsilane column was used with a liquid phase of 65% methanol and 35% 0.10 M acetate buffer (pH 5.0). A spectrofluorometric detector with an excitation wavelength of 253 nm and a band pass filter (230--420 nm) provided a detectable peak for 1 microgram of ibuprofen/ml of plasma. The effect of the pH and molarity of the mobile phase on the capacity factor was studied. PMID- 6972446 TI - Simultaneous determination of tetracaine and its degradation product, p-n butylaminobenzoic acid, by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of tetracaine hydrochloride and its hydrolytic degradation product, p-n-butylaminobenzoic acid. Separation was achieved using a mu Bondapak C18 column and the eluent, water-acetonitrile-methanol (60:20:20), containing 0.06% (v/v) sulfuric acid, 0.5% (w/v) sodium sulfate, and 0.02% (w/v) sodium heptanesulfonate, at a flow rate of 2 ml/min Salicylic acid and propiophenone were used as internal standards. The UV detector response at 305 nm was linear for tetracaine hydrochloride in the 0.4--2.0-mg/ml range and for p-n butylaminobenzoic acid in the 0.003--0.02-mg/ml range. The method is simple and precise. PMID- 6972449 TI - Functional evaluation of the rectal ampulla with ampullometrogram. AB - An ampullometrogram (AMG) was done in 20 patients to evaluate the rectal ampulla as a functional unit. Results were compared to a cystometrogram (CMG). The AMG displayed a normal curve (capacity 230 to 330 ml; pressure 47 to 80 cmH(2)O) in 14 of 16 patients having a normal CMG. The AMG was hyporeflexic (variable capacity; no increase in pressure at capacity) in 3 of 5 patients having a hyporeflexic CMG and hyperreflexic (capacity less than 175 ml, pressure over 80 cmH(2)O) in one patient having a hyperreflexic CMG. This technique might represent a useful clinical adjunct in the evaluation of bladder dysfunction, the evaluation of neurogenic type bowel dysfunction, and in the possible use of functional electrical stimulation for treatment of faecal incontinence or constipation. PMID- 6972448 TI - Congenital duplication of small bowel: severe haemorrhage. PMID- 6972452 TI - In vivo structure of frog sciatic nerve myelin membranes: an x-ray diffraction study at 13A resolution. AB - The x-ray diffraction pattern of myelin membranes from a frog sciatic nerve was recorded in vivo at 13 A resolution using a new experimental technique recently developed in our laboratory. The electron density profile was determined for the myelin membranes first in vivo and then, after elimination of the intraneural blood microcirculation, by transection of the nerve. The small structural differences observed between these conditions were statistically nonsignificant (at 95% confidence level). In addition, our results show that the stacking disorder that is present in the myelin membranes of freshly dissected frog sciatics is also characteristic of the myelin sheath in vivo. PMID- 6972447 TI - Effect of adenosine on oxygen uptake and electrolyte content of frog sartorius muscle. AB - Adenosine and ATP depressed resting O2 uptake in frog sartorius. This action was blocked by low levels of caffeine and by 8-phenyltheophylline. It was mimicked by a polymer of adenosine. Adenosine also decreased radioactive calcium uptake in muscles. Potassium and magnesium content were increased while sodium and calcium content were decreased by adenosine. Adenosine did not decrease oxygen uptake in muscles from frogs sacrificed in winter months. However, adenosine deaminase, which inactivates adenosine by removing the amino group, increased oxygen uptake, calcium content and lactate release of these muscles. Our results suggest that adenosine reduces resting metabolism, possibly through reducing passive leaks of electrolytes. PMID- 6972450 TI - Effect of structural change on acute toxicity and antiinflammatory activity in a series of imidazothiazoles and thiazolobenzimidazoles. AB - The effect of structural change on the biological activity of a series of imidazothiazoles and thiazolobenzimidazoles is described. It was found that compounds with polar substituents at the 2 or 3 position of the ring system are less acutely toxic while maintaining antiinflammatory activity. Other structural changes, such as the incorporation of a gem-dimethyl substituent in the 6 position, increase acute toxicity and eliminate antiinflammatory activity. The compound with the best activity/toxicity ratio contains an alkyl sulfonyl substituent on the thiazole ring. The thiazolobenzimidazole analogues are more potent than the imidazole analogues. PMID- 6972453 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator for stress incontinence. AB - It has been shown that some patients with stress incontinence after prostatectomy may have significant improvement with electrical anal stimulation. The use of a transcutaneous stimulator is the easiest and least invasive method to try initially. Results may be quite satisfying whether the mechanism is physiologic or placebo. This is the first report of the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with stress incontinence. PMID- 6972454 TI - Treatment of urinary incontinence. PMID- 6972451 TI - The effect of a factor from multiple sclerosis serum on isolated T and B lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocyte transformation inhibition factor (LTIF) found in the serum of patients with active multiple sclerosis (MS) inhibits the mitogen-induced blast transformation of human lymphocytes. The results of these experiments demonstrate the relative specificity for the T lymphocyte by LTIF. The inhibitory effect of patient's serum on normal mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes was correlated with the level of clinical disease activity. PMID- 6972455 TI - Computed tomography for the evaluation of thoracic masses in children. PMID- 6972456 TI - Acute massive intestinal bleeding caused by hookworm. PMID- 6972457 TI - Antitumor therapy and IL-2. PMID- 6972458 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluations of 9, 3"-diacetylmidecamycin in the field of surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The distribution of sensitivity to 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM) was examined of 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foci in our hospital. A level of less than 3.13 mcg/ml was seen distributed in the majority of 7 cases, and it could be assumed that MOM would be sufficiently effective against infections by Staphylococci in clinical practice. In the comparison with other antibiotics popularly used, the sensitivity of the 10 strains to them was comparable to those against MDM, but were slightly inferior to cephalexin (CEX) and lincomycin (LCM), and slightly better than ampicillin (ABPC). The evaluation of clinical results revealed that, of the 20 cases with surgical and superficial infections, 6 and 10 were markedly and moderately effective, respectively, while 3 and 1 were fairly and poorly effective, respectively. It was therefore concluded to be an effective remedy for treatment of surgical and superficial infections in which Gram positive cocci share the majority of the etiological factors. Of the side effects, there was none showing symptoms in digestive tracts or abnormalities such as rash, nor was there any patient for whom further administration of the agent had to be suspended due to side effects. No abnormality was seen in the test results between the premedication and postmedication findings on the hemogram, or hepatic and renal functions. It was therefore conjectured that this agent has a large margin of safety in its application. PMID- 6972459 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity. The cellular network in its induction and manifestation]. PMID- 6972460 TI - Autoradiographic studies on distribution of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) 14C and L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP)-14C in the cat brain. AB - The distribution and metabolism of L-DOPA-14C and L-5-HTP-14C in the cat brain were examined by means of autoradiography and chromatography. The results revealed that an appreciable amount of radioactivity in the gray matter, but not the white, and that the localization of radioactivity of L-DOPA and L-5-HTP significantly differed. After L-DOPA-14C administration, a high accumulation was found in the caudate nucleus, putamen and pallidum. With L-5-HTP-14C administration, high radioactivity was observed in the hypothalamus, raphe nucleus, substantia nigra, inferior olivalis and caudate nucleus. An analysis of the main metabolites of both amino acids in various regions of the brain was also made. When L-DOPA was given, a high concentration of dopamine was detected in the caudate nucleus, followed by the hypothalamus. In the case of L-5-HTP, a high concentration of serotonin was detected in the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata. These results suggest that amines derived from exogenously administered L-DOPA and L-5-HTP accumulate in the brain regions known as the corresponding amine rich regions, under physiological conditions. PMID- 6972461 TI - Prevention of spontaneous tumors of aged mice by immunopharmacologic manipulation: study of immune antitumor mechanisms. AB - Effects produced by long-term application of three immune modifiers (azimexon, retinoic acid, and tuftsin) on the depressed immune systems of 18-month-old inbred C57BL/6 female mice were investigated. The effect of each agent was examined on four cell types (cytotoxic T-cells, K-cells, NK cells, and macrophages) possibly involved in antitumor defenses and on the spontaneous tumor development that accompanied advancing age. Three substances chosen for this study appeared able to alter immune parameters, and each one displayed its own pattern of activity. Common to all three agents were an increase of age-depressed tumoricidal activity of peritoneal macrophages and no effect on the depressed NK activity of spleen cells. Retinoic acid increased splenic K-cell activity, already elevated in aged mice and unaffected by the other two agents. Cytotoxic T cell activity, diminished by age, was stimulated considerably by retinoic acid and by tuftsin but only slightly by azimexon. Histopathologic studies revealed a decrease in the incidence of spontaneous tumors in the 3 treated groups. This decrease was statistically significant in the retinoic acid- and tuftsin-treated groups when compared with the incidence in untreated mice of the same age. Correlation of drug-induced modifications of the immune system with tumor incidence in aged mice was attempted. PMID- 6972462 TI - [Problems of the nursing process record and evaluation of recording methods - use of the POMR (problem oriented medical record) as a nursing record]. PMID- 6972463 TI - [Emergency operations in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6972464 TI - [Levamisole treatment experience with infectious allergic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6972465 TI - [Immunopathology in alcoholic lesions of the liver]. PMID- 6972466 TI - [Immunological indices in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6972467 TI - A study of mouse strains susceptibility to Bacillus piliformis (Tyzzer's disease): the association of B-cell function and resistance. AB - Tests were conducted on 11 inbred strains of mice and an NIH outbred stock. It was found that only the CBA/N and C3. CBA/N mice (strains deficient in IgM production) were highly susceptible to Bacillus piliformis infection. Susceptibility to infection was determined by induction of typical surface liver lesions and the ability to maintain serial passage without concurrent administration of cortisone. Mice deficient in T-cell function (Nu/Nu/++) were as resistant to Bacillus piliformis infection as intact immunologically competent mice. The data suggested that resistance to Tyzzer's disease was, at least in part, a B-cell function. PMID- 6972468 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila in wild-caught frogs and tadpoles (Rana pipiens) in Minnesota. AB - Frogs and tadpoles were captured at 14 sites in and near Minnesota during 1978-79 and nearly all appeared healthy. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from 94 of 294 (32%) juvenile and adult frogs and from 66 of 104 (63%) tadpoles. Of the isolates from frogs and tadpoles respectively, 68% and 47% were from the intestine only, 12% and 32% were from the intestine and the other sites, and 20% and 21% were from extraintestinal sites only. Isolations were more frequent from frogs collected in March-June than in August-November. Evidence was not found that disease due to Aeromonas hydrophila was a primary cause of declining Rana pipiens populations in Minnesota. PMID- 6972469 TI - Erythropoietic enhancing activity (EEA) secreted by the human cell line, GCT. AB - Medium conditioned by the monocyte-like cell line GCT contains colony-stimulating activity (CSA), a mediator of in vitro granulopoiesis. Also, the conditioned medium (CM) contains erythroid-enhancing activity (EEA), which can be demonstrated in a system utilizing either nonadherent marrow or blood mononuclear cells, erythropoietin (1-2 units/ml), and 20 ml/dl fetal calf serum. Under these conditions, GCT CM enhances the growth of CFU-E and BFU-E. Attempts were made to characterize the molecular features of EEA. Serum-free GCT cell CM was fractionated on Sephacryl S200 and Ultrogel AcA54. EEA and CSA cochromatographed with apparent molecular weights of approximately 40,000 daltons on Sephacryl and approximately 30,000 daltons on Ultrogel. Fractionation on DEAE Sephacel led to an apparent separation of CSA from EEA; however, when diluted, the fractions containing CSA and EEA. Undiluted fractions containing potent CSA inhibited erythropoiesis; however, dilution of these fractions resulted in marked EEA. Diluted crude GCT CM and DEAE Sephacel fractions enriched in EEA were also capable of sustaining BFU-E in liquid culture and mediating erythropoietin independent colony growth. CSA could not be unequivocally separated from EEA on concanavalin A-Sepharose, since the diluted void volume containing CSA also had EEA. EEA was present in CM boiled for 60 minutes, whereas CSA was markedly reduced but not abolished. The inverse relationship between CSA concentration and EEA mandates dilution of fractions when bioassayed for these two activities. Although CSA and EEA are similar in molecular weight, they appear to be partially separable by ion-exchange chromatography and heat stability. PMID- 6972470 TI - Human T-cell growth factor: parameters for production. AB - Using conditioned media (CM) from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) we observed long-term selective growth of T-cells from normal human donors. This T-cell growth was continuously dependent on addition of a factor called T-cell growth factor (TCGF). The optimal method for preparing highly active CM from single donor PBL involves the addition of mitomycin C treated B-lymphoblastoid cell lines to the mixture of PBL and PHA. A number of different cell lines greatly augmented the production of TCGF in 18/18 cases. Preparation of plasma membranes from the Daudi cell line could replace the intact cells in the production of TCGF but those from the cell line, Molt-4, could not. Since the cell surface of Daudi possesses HLA-D antigens but not HLA-A, B, and C, and Molt-4 has HLA-A and B and not HLA-D, it is possible that the Ia antigens (HLA-DRw in man) are important in the release of TCGF. Using this method for growth factor production, an analysis was made concerning the events necessary for lymphocyte activation and the requirements for production and release of TCGF. Removal of PHA 12 h after incubation had no effect on lymphocyte transformation but decreased TCGF release by 90%. In addition, colchicine and cytosine arabinoside inhibited DNA synthesis but had no effect on TCGF release. Little or no TCGF activity was present after cellular protein synthesis was inhibited by puromycin and cycloheximide. These results suggest that TCGF production: a) requires protein synthesis; b) requires binding of the stimulating agent; c) can occur in a non-dividing cell, probably a terminally differentiated T-cell, without the need for cellular proliferation; and d) needs the assistance of an adherent cell which probably is a monocyte-macrophage. The ability to produce TCGF from single human donors will allow better understanding of the nature and action of TCGF. PMID- 6972472 TI - Left ventricular--abdominal aortic conduit complicated by late gastric erosion. AB - A 70-year-old woman with calcific aortic stenosis and a calcific ascending aorta obtained excellent relief with a left ventricular--abdominal aortic conduit (a Dacron graft containing a porcine valve). Eight months postoperatively, erosion of the conduit into the stomach resulted in fatal gastrointestinal bleeding. This lethal complication may be averted by use of suggested techniques. PMID- 6972473 TI - Computerized axial tomography with air contrast of the cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal. AB - The introduction of computerized axial tomography (C.T.) in 1973 completely changed the diagnostic evaluation of acoustic neuromas. Seventy to eighty percent of all acoustic neuromas can be diagnosed with intravenous enhanced C.T. scan. Acoustic tumors with a diameter of less than 1.5 cm, however, are not consistently seen on C.T. scan. Twenty-six consecutive patients were evaluated by C.T. scan with air contrast posterior fossa myelography (C.T. air cisternography). Nineteen studies were normal, with complete air filling of the internal auditory canal. Surgically verified acoustic neuromas were demonstrated in four patients. Two studies were inconclusive and there was one false positive. Other than headaches, there is no morbidity associated with this technique. C.T. air cisternography should be considered as the definitive study for evaluating patients for acoustic neuromas who have normal intravenous contrast enhanced C.T. scans. This study reports the first intracanalicular tumor diagnosed with this technique. PMID- 6972471 TI - Interleukin 2 in cell-mediated immune responses. AB - The lymphokine Interleukin 2(IL2) restores T cell responses in a number of in vitro systems where immunogenicity has been compromised. UV irradiation of the stimulating allogeneic cells in a mixed leukocyte culture eliminates the production of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and greatly reduces the DNA synthesis response. IL2 restores both parameters. UV-irradiated stimulators are also unable to induce the normal production of IL2 which is observed in a mixed leukocyte culture. The cytotoxic activity of allogeneically stimulated thymocytes is almost completely lost within 24 hours after removal of IL2 at 5 days, indicating that the lymphokine is continuously required to maintain CTL. Thymocytes in 4-day cultures do not adsorb IL2 unless they are simultaneously activated with a mitogen. Finally, IL2 does not adequately restore a secondary response to the purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) in adherent-cell-depleted cultures, indicating that macrophages, in addition to being required for IL2 production, have other functions. These probably include the presentation of soluble antigens to responding cells. PMID- 6972474 TI - Measurement of nonapeptides in pineal and pituitary using reversed-phase, ion pair liquid chromatography with post-column detection by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6972475 TI - [Mathematical modeling in the radionuclide diagnosis of the state of physiological systems]. PMID- 6972476 TI - [Use of fever-reducing preparations in pediatric practice]. PMID- 6972478 TI - Incidence and prevalence: confusion in need of clarification. PMID- 6972477 TI - [Digestive disorders in histoplasmosis. Report of a case of ulcerous enterocolitis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum (author's transl)]. AB - Report of a new American histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum in a young adult Haitian, and review of the digestive disorders as reported in the previous medical papers. In the present case, the first localization detected was a granulomatous hepatitis which lead to the disclosure of an ulcerous entercolitis. Tuberculosis and Crohn disease were first suspected, but their treatment induced a worse turn of the patient's condition and compelled to a laparotomy, which shown ulcerous entercolitis with associated lymph-nodes. Per operative pathological examination gave evidence of Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts. Treatment, first with miconazole and later on with amphotericin B could not prevent the death of the patient affected by a deficiency of cell mediated immunity. Disseminated histoplasmosis is rare: 1 out of 5,000 cases of American histoplasmosis-digestive disorders are generally detected by surgery or post mortem examination. They occur in 20 p. 100 of the cases envolving the whole digestive tract from mouth to anus, giving mucous ulcerations, difficult to detect by X ray. Endoscopic control with biopsies has therefore a great value. In Histoplasma duboisii, histoplasmosis digestive disorders are very unusual and localized to intestine. They may be detected by surgery, or by endoscopies. In the reported case, in spite of the geographical origin of the patient, the diagnosis of American histoplasmosis was not retained because of the negativity of the immunological tests and of the biopsies performed before surgery. An afterward checking of these biopsy specimens gave evidence of a few yeasts. Special dyeing technique may have made the diagnosis somewhat earlier; this is important because new non toxic imidazole drugs seem to be active against these yeasts. PMID- 6972479 TI - Red cell/plasma ratio in blood flowing in microvascular beds under control and ischemic conditions. PMID- 6972481 TI - Antinuclear antibodies: specifics and not so specifics. PMID- 6972480 TI - [Therapeutic problems in the adrenogenital syndrome caused by salt-losing 21 hydroxylase deficiency. Appearance of signs of corticoid overdosage at normally used doses]. PMID- 6972483 TI - Erythrophagocytic T gamma lymphoma. PMID- 6972482 TI - [Study of the mechanism of the unwinding effect of destabilized helix of bacteriophage f1 gene 5 protein with the aid of model tripeptides]. AB - Complexes of synthetic double-stranded polynucleotides and DNA with model peptides--L-Lys-L-Tyr-L-Lys and L-Lys-Gly-L-Lys have been investigated, using UV spectroscopy. Polynucleotide complexes containing L-Lys-Gly-L-Lys were studied in order to consider the influence of lysyl residues on the polynucleotide melting temperature. It was shown, that L-Lys-L-Tyr-L-Lys lowers the melting temperature of all the polynucleotides studied, except poly(rI) . poly(C). The dependence of melting temperature of polynucleotide (DNA) . L-Lys-L-Tyr-L-Lys complexes upon the polynucleotide double helix form and GC-content has been detected. These effects have reflected the intercalation of peptide tyrosyl residues into one of the chains of the double-stranded polynucleotide. Correlation o the melting temperature dependences of polynucleotide complexes with gene 5 protein and L-Lys L-Tyr-L-Lys upon polynucleotide double helix form and GC-content was found. PMID- 6972484 TI - Heterozygous MZ alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in liver disease. PMID- 6972485 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 30-1981. PMID- 6972487 TI - Kainate-like neurotoxicity of folates. PMID- 6972486 TI - Inserted H-2 gene membrane products mediate immune response phenotype of antigen presenting cell. PMID- 6972489 TI - The Yawning elicited by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone involves serotonergic-dopaminergic-cholinergic neuron link in rats. PMID- 6972488 TI - Multiple actions of beta-bungarotoxin on acetylcholine release at amphibian motor nerve terminals. AB - The action of beta-bungarotoxin (beta-BuTX) on spontaneous transmitter release, as monitored by miniature endplate potential (MEPP) frequency, and nerve stimulated release, which relates directly to endplate potential (EPP) amplitude, was studied at frog sciatic nerve-sartorius muscle junctions. Three phases were found for both spontaneous and evoked release: a transient decrease followed by an increase and a later decrease leading to complete failure. The initial inhibitory phase for both spontaneous and neurally-evoked release occurred at the same time and was independent of stimulation frequency. Both the excitatory and late inhibitory phases for both types of release had a more rapid onset when stimulation frequency was increased, with the effects on evoked release occurring more rapidly than the effects on spontaneous release. Even though EPP amplitude decreased to low levels while MEPP frequency was still high, EPPs did not completely fail until the MEPPs had also declined to very low levels. In elevated K+ solutions, the number of quanta released after toxin application was only about half that released during the control experiment. During the terminal part of the late inhibitory phase of beta-BuTX action on MEPP frequency, no effect or only small transient increases were observed after La3+ administration, elevated [K+]0, or increased osmotic pressure. The present study suggests that depolarization of nerve terminals by the toxin is responsible for initiation of the excitatory phases of both types of release followed by inhibition of nerve evoked release, and then depletion of vesicular transmitter accounts for the eventual disappearance of both MEPPs and EPPs. PMID- 6972490 TI - Difference in the rate of ampicillin--resistant Haemophilus influenzae in rural and urban Nebraska. PMID- 6972491 TI - Aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal blood loss. PMID- 6972492 TI - [Diagnosis of internal hydrocephalus using echoencephalography and computerized tomography of the brain]. AB - Using computer tomography and echoencephalography 20 subjects with normal pattern of the lateral ventricles and 20 patients with dilatation of these ventricles were studied. The patients were hospitalized in the Neurology Department of the Vienna University. On CT scans the distance between the anterior horns and heads of the caudate nuclei, and cranial width were measured and appropriate indices were calculated. In Echo-EG the position of the temporal horn was established and the cerebral pallium index was calculated. It was found that different indices in CT examination differ in subjects with normal lateral ventricles and in patients with internal hydrocephalus. In cases of hydrocephalus the index of the caudate nucleus was greater and the index of the anterior horns was smaller. The per cent indices in these cases were higher than in subjects with normal ventricles. In the patients with hydrocephalus the index of cerebral pallium calculated from Echo-EG was greater than in subjects with normal ventricles. Both diagnostic methods are regarded as useful for evaluating internal hydrocephalus, especially since they are non-invasive. PMID- 6972495 TI - [Immunological profile of patients with neoplastic disease]. PMID- 6972494 TI - Denervation supersensitivity to 5-hydroxytryptophan in rats following spinal transection and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine injection. PMID- 6972493 TI - [Computerized tomography (CT) in intra- and para-cerebral hematomas]. PMID- 6972496 TI - [Upper digestive hemorrhages. Our experience with 236 treated cases]. AB - The results obtained in reviewing series of 236 patients suffering from upper digestive haemorrhages and observed in a close to 10 years period are reported. Some data regarding the age and sex of patients, the frequency of the condition at certain periods of the year and the type of lesion that led to bleeding are reviewed and results compared with those reported by other workers. In conclusion, stress is laid on the importance of trunk vagotomy associated with pyloroplasty as operations of choice in the surgical treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer induced haemorrhage which were, in the personal series also, the most frequently observed conditions. PMID- 6972497 TI - Sharing: heart to heart. PMID- 6972498 TI - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome during pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature. AB - Since Ehlers-Danlos syndrome encompasses a wide spectrum of disease and only has an estimated incidence of approximately 1:150,000 (Beighton, 1968a), there is a paucity of data from large studies on which to base firm conclusions about the risks of pregnancy in association with the syndrome. Most reports refer to women with the gravis (type I) and ecchymotic (type IV) forms, unlike pregnancy in association with the mitis (type II), which is rarely reported despite the fact that it constitutes 35 per cent of all cases of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (Beighton, 1970). We suspect this is because complications with the mitis form are rare. Women with the two severe forms of the syndrome, mentioned above, risk hemorrhage, severe trauma at delivery, and preterm labor, but whether this is the case in the mitis form is unproved. Our patient's course was uneventful, delivery by cesarean section being undertaken because of her hip fixity. Tyson (1972) suggested that delivery by cesarean section was indicated in all cases of Ehlers Danlos syndrome, but this pertains to the severe forms of the syndrome. The question of vaginal delivery in the mitis form remains unanswered. We would hope that in future reports of pregnancy in association with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that patients are classified according to type so that prognosis, particularly in the mitis form, can be more accurately assessed. PMID- 6972499 TI - Inheritance of endothelial dystrophy of the cornea. AB - 64 families containing a proband with corneal endothelial dystrophy were examined in order to study the hereditary nature of the disease. Data concerning the frequency of occurrence, severity of the disease, ratio of affected females to males, relationship of the disease with age, and other factors were the subject of a previous report. 7 pedigrees which reflect features of endothelial dystrophy within the 64 families are presented. These features include multiple females in a family being affected, multiple consecutively affected generations, the occurrence of offspring with disease more severe than the parent, and endothelial decompensation (edema) at a relatively young age (less than 40 years of age). The importance of examining family members whenever possible rather than relying on history alone is emphasized. A statistical analysis of the inheritance pattern was performed. Endothelial dystrophy does not seem to follow a strict autosomal dominant pattern even though superficial inspection suggests autosomal dominant inheritance (both males and females affected, successive generations affected, 38% of relatives over the age of 40 years affected). Even though we were unable to determine a specific genetic mode of inheritance in these 64 families with endothelial dystrophy, we do feel that endothelial dystrophy is at least in part an inherited disease. Future investigations might prove sex-linked dominance, genetic heterogeneity, the influence of environmental factors, or a multifactorial etiology. PMID- 6972500 TI - Ocular pathology for clinicians. 6. Lymphoid tumor of the lid. AB - A 56-year-old white man presented with bilateral inferior lid tumors with a rubbery consistency suggesting lymphoid lesions. An excisional biopsy specimen of the larger lesion in the left lower lid led to routine pathologic, immunologic, histochemical, and electron microscopic investigations. The tumor displayed a diffuse pattern microscopically and was composed of atypical lymphocytes with intermediate differentiation. The immunologic and histochemical marker studies revealed that 90% of the constituent lymphocytes were B-lymphocytes bearing IgM IgD immunoglobulins on their surface membranes; the remaining 10% of the cells being reactive T-lymphocytes. A diagnosis of a monoclonal proliferation was established and a systemic workup revealed disseminated lymphoma. The use of immunoglobulin and histochemical analyses of ocular adnexal lymphoid tumors is outlined. PMID- 6972501 TI - Endogenous coccidioidal endophthalmitis. AB - Coccidioidomycosis is generally a self-limited respiratory illness. The literature indicates ocular involvement is rare, usually confined to the anterior segment and adnexa. Ten consecutive patients with chronic pulmonary and disseminated disease referred for chemotherapy represent the first prospective study of ocular involvement. Four demonstrated presumed coccidioidal dissemination to the posterior segment without significant vitreous or anterior segment involvement. Juxtapapillary choroiditis was seen in three, including one who demonstrated retinal infiltrates, telangiectatic capillary change, and macular edema on fluorescein angiography. Another developed a coccidioidal lid granuloma. Correlation between intraocular involvement and systemic outcome was poor. Systemic amphotericin B appeared more effective than miconazole in treating intraocular disease in two patients. Intraocular involvement in progressive coccidioidomycosis appears more common than previously reported. Serial eye examinations should be performed on patients with chronic pulmonary or disseminated coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 6972502 TI - The influence of the photoreceptor-RPE complex on the inner retina. An explanation for the beneficial effects of photocoagulation. AB - We have measured oxygen consumption in the various retinal layers and have found that the photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) complex accounts for two thirds of total oxygen consumption. Hence, this complex substantially influences oxygen transport between the choroid and the inner retina. This finding has significant implications in explaining the beneficial effects of panretinal photocoagulation as well as retinal vasculature changes in outer retinal degenerations. PMID- 6972503 TI - Common viral eye diseases and latent infections. PMID- 6972504 TI - Immunologic mechanisms involved in viral ocular diseases. AB - Immunologic responses of the host play a key role in the intensity, duration, and subsequent damage associated with viral ocular diseases. Broadly speaking, the host responds to a particular viral infection by producing antibodies (humoral immunity) and specifically committed lymphocytes (cell-mediated immunity). These specific responders then interact with viral antigens and attract other cells (eg, polymorphonuclear leukocytes) to produce inflammation. These mechanisms act to eliminate free virus, destroy infected cells, and possibly, eliminate cell-to cell spread of virus. The immune mechanisms operative in the ocular structures are identical to those elsewhere in the body. PMID- 6972505 TI - Management of pain following peripheral nerve injuries. PMID- 6972506 TI - [Ulcerated lipoma of the colon simulating a malignant tumor]. PMID- 6972507 TI - [A simple method for the detection of B lymphocytes]. PMID- 6972508 TI - [Extensive endometriosis of the small pelvis causing severe hemorrhaging into the abdominal cavity during labor]. PMID- 6972509 TI - A study of immunoregulation of BALB/c mice by Echinococcus granulosus equinus during prolonged infection. AB - Two models of intraperitoneal infection with E. granulosus equinus by protoscolices and by cyst passage in BALB/c mice were used to provide mesenteric lymph node cells for adoptive cell transfer into syngeneic recipient normal responder mice. The cell transfer inocula were shown to have depleted Thy-1 cells, but to be highly suppressive to the normal sheep erythrocyte response of the recipients. The nature of the depletion and non-specific suppression, and the infectious nature of the latter, are discussed in relation to other examples of mitogenic stimulation resulting in non-specific T cell suppressor activity. The functions of Ly-2,3+ cells, not only as suppressor, but as alloreactive cytotoxic cells, are discussed as a possible, autoimmune explanation for the longevity of the parasite within the mouse model, in contradistinction to the predictable early rejection of analogous xenografts. PMID- 6972510 TI - Toxic shock syndrome--a synopsis. PMID- 6972512 TI - [Treatment of massive bleeding from esophageal varices by esophagotomy and ligation]. PMID- 6972511 TI - [Rare causes of gastrointestinal hemorrhage requiring surgery]. PMID- 6972513 TI - Depressed T cells following neonatal steroid treatment. AB - Fourty-four patients received two doses of 12.5 mg/kg of hydrocortisone or placebo on the first day of life in attempted therapy for respiratory distress syndrome. Follow-up studies were performed on survivors at 5 years of age in ten steroid-treated and seven placebo-treated respiratory distress syndrome subjects. There were no significant differences in growth, intelligence tests, or neurologic examinations in the patients assessed. Abnormal EEGs are present in both groups. Immunologic tests showed no differences in lymphocyte counts, immunoglobulin levels, diphtheria and tetanus antibody titers, or complement components. Diminished percentages of T lymphocytes were found in steroid patients (53%) compared to control subjects (69%). There were also increased percentages of lymphocytes with C3 receptors in steroid patients (20.1%) compared to control patients (13.8%). Episodes of otitis and/or pneumonia were documented in eight of 11 steroid-treated patients between the ages of 1 and 5 years, compared to two of seven patients in the placebo group in the same time period. It is concluded that large doses of steroids on the first day of life may induce lasting immunologic abnormalities and may predispose to an increased incidence of infections. PMID- 6972514 TI - Effect of prior antibiotics on the susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae type b to ampicillin. PMID- 6972515 TI - Serum thymic hormone activity and cell-mediated immunity in healthy neonates, preterm infants, and small-for-gestational age infants. AB - Groups of healthy, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and preterm appropriate-for gestational age (AGA) infants were studied at birth, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months of age. Serum thymic hormone (TH) activity was assayed, the number of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was counted, and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were evaluated. TH activity was decreased in 1-month-old SGA infants. T cells were reduced in all low birth weight infants; the number reverted to normal by 3 months of age in preterm AGA infants, whereas it remained low for at least 12 months in the SGA group. Lymphocyte stimulation response was decreased in low birth weight infants; the extent of depression paralleled reduction in T lymphocyte number. These observations indicate that cell-mediated immunity is impaired in low birth weight newborns and reduced TH activity may be one of the pathogenetic factors involved. Persistent depression of immunocompetence may underlie the increased susceptibility of SGA infants to infection-related morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6972516 TI - Intramural gastric hematoma in a hemophiliac with an inhibitor. AB - A rare complication of an intramural gastric hematoma developed in a hemophiliac with an inhibitor. Ultrasonography assisted in making the correct diagnosis. PMID- 6972517 TI - Nasopharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b: attempted eradication by cefaclor or rifampin. AB - The efficacy of cefaclor and rifampin in eradicating Haemophilus influenzae type b (HITB) from the nasopharynx of day care center and household contacts of children with HITB meningitis was evaluated. In 38/50 children treated with cefaclor, the carrier state persisted, a failure rate of 76%. Although cefaclor failed to eradicate HITB from many carriers, an appreciable reduction in the intensity of colonization following treatment was noticed. When rifampin was used in 17 children who had failed to respond to cefaclor, persistence of the carrier state with HITB was found in only two children, a failure rate of only 12%. During the study, two episodes of invasive HITB disease were documented to be acquired from sources other than the index cases or from children who were screened, which suggested the need to reevaluate the usually recommended strategy to screen for carriage and to treat only the immediate contacts 6 years of age and younger. Furthermore, the most appropriate agent for eradicating nasopharyngeal carriage of HITB awaits additional studies. PMID- 6972518 TI - Persistent pharyngeal colonization with Haemophilus influenzae type b after intravenous chloramphenicol therapy. PMID- 6972520 TI - [Study of pancreatic function in the newborn infant using the PABA test]. PMID- 6972519 TI - [The immunological profile before and after splenectomy in homozygous beta thalassemia]. PMID- 6972521 TI - Inhibition of force production in compressed skinned muscle fibers of the frog. AB - Calcium-activated force development in skinned frog muscle fibers is inhibited by osmotically compressing the fiber, probably owing to a decrease in spacing between the myofilaments. This inhibition depends upon sarcomere length in that fibers at long lengths must be compressed further than those at short lengths to achieve the same degree of inhibition. As a result, this length dependency of inhibition tends to compensate for the reduction of force due solely to the decrease in interfilament spacing which occurs with stretch in intact fibers. PMID- 6972523 TI - [The Egilsstadir project. Problem-oriented medical records for better treatment of patients in a primary care centre]. PMID- 6972522 TI - [Retrocaval ureter and anomalies of inferior vena cava (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972524 TI - A clinical model for monitoring patients' oral hygiene performance. PMID- 6972526 TI - [Immunological indicators in newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis with different degree of infiltration]. PMID- 6972525 TI - [Effect of occupational exposure to organic solvents on the immunological reactivity and enzyme composition of the leukocytes]. PMID- 6972528 TI - [Effect of phytohemagglutinin on immunological reactions in experimental tuberculosis]. PMID- 6972527 TI - [T- and b systems of immunity in patients with newly detected destructive pulmonary tuberculosis during complex therapy]. PMID- 6972529 TI - Comparison of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 in the long-term treatment of renal osteodystrophy. AB - 24,25(OH)2D3 has been compared with 1,25(OH)2D3 in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy. Treatment with 24, 25(OH)2D3 2 micrograms/day for 5-7 months was accompanied by deterioration in clinical, biochemical, radiological and histological features of osteodystrophy with no increase in Ca absorption. In contrast, treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 0.25--1 microgram/day for 6-15 months resulted in rapid improvement in clinical, biochemical, radiological and histological features and a return of Ca absorption to normal. It is concluded that in the dose used 24,25(OH)2D3 alone is not an effective treatment for renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6972530 TI - 24,25 dihydroxycalciferol: assay in non-anephric patients on chronic haemodialysis and assessment of its possible pathophysiological role in renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6972533 TI - Constitutive gene expression in myeloid leukemia and cell competence for induction of differentiation by the steroid dexamethasone. AB - Regulation of the cytoplasmic protein changes during myeloid cell differentiation has been analyzed with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differentiation defective cell mutants. The cells studied include a clone of myeloid leukemia cells (clone 11) that can be induced to differentiate to macrophages by the protein inducer MGI and the steroid dexamethasone (Dex) and mutant clones that were inducible for differentiation to macrophages by MGI but not by Dex. The mutants were not defective in the specific binding of [3H]Dex to cytoplasmic receptors or in the transport and nuclear binding of the receptor--steroid complex. The protein patterns in the mutants showed both specific constitutive protein changes and nonresponding proteins. Twenty-one percent of the Dex-induced protein changes and 2% of the MGI-induced protein changes in clone 11 were constitutively expressed in the mutants. In addition, 28% of the proteins that responded to Dex in clone 11 did not respond to Dex in the mutants, whereas only 4% of the proteins that responded to MGI in clone 11 did not respond to MGI. The higher percentage of constitutive changes was thus associated with a larger defect in induction. The proteins with an abnormal response to Dex still showed a normal response to MGI, and the constitutive changes and nonresponding proteins were different for the two inducers. It is suggested that specific constitutive protein changes expressed by the mutants produced an asynchrony in the developmental program, resulting in a defective response to Dex and to MGI, and that this may apply to other inducers and developmental programs. PMID- 6972532 TI - The persisting (P) cell: histamine content, regulation by a T cell-derived factor, origin from a bone marrow precursor, and relationship to mast cells. AB - Histamine was detected at levels of 100 ng/10(6) cells in the metachromatic granules of the persisting (P) cell, which appears in cultures of murine lymphoid or bone marrow cells and is capable of long-term growth in vitro in the presence of a T cell-derived growth factor. This factor, which we termed P-cell stimulating factor, was distinct from t-cell growth factor and had an apparent molecular weight of 25,000-30,000. P cells did not originate from Thy.1-positive cells nor was the thymus necessary for the development of their precursors. Moreover, P cells grew directly from colonies generated in agar cultures of bone marrow cells, the nature of the colonies indicating that P cells shared a common precursor with hemopoietic cells. Mutant Wf/Wf mice, although deficient in certain mast cells, possessed P-cell precursors. It is hypothesized that P cells are related to a specialized subset of mast cells, derived from a bone marrow progenitor but regulated by activated T cells. PMID- 6972531 TI - Measurement of mammalian 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24R-and 1 alpha-hydroxylase. AB - An in vitro assay of mammalian 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha- and 24R-hydroxylases in kidney has been developed. It had been suggested that 25-hydroxyvitamin D binding protein present in mammalian blood and tissues inhibits the enzyme activities in cell-free preparations by binding the substrate 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 more strongly than the hydroxylases bind it. This inhibitory effect is overcome by the addition of substantial amounts of unlabeled 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to saturate the binding sites of this protein. The resulting metabolites produced in vitro by rat kidney homogenates were isolated and firmly identified by ultraviolet absorption spectrometry and mass spectrometry as 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and (24R)-24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Maximal 1 alpha hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 could be demonstrated in kidney homogenates prepared from vitamin D-deficient rats. Thyroparathyroidectomy of these rats resulted in total suppression of the 1 alpha-hydroxylase. Homogenates of kidney from rats given vitamin D showed little or no 1 alpha-hydroxylase and substantial 24R-hydroxylase activity. Thyroparathyroidectomy of these rts markedly increased the 24R-hydroxylase activity. PMID- 6972534 TI - Millisecond time-resolved changes in x-ray reflections from contracting muscle during rapid mechanical transients, recorded using synchrotron radiation. AB - Low-angle x-ray diffraction diagrams have been recorded from frog sartorius muscles by using synchrotron radiation as a high-intensity x-ray source. This has enabled changes in some of the principal reflections of interest to be followed with a time resolution of 1 ms, during small but very rapid length changes imposed on a contracting muscle. The 143-A meridional reflection, which is believed to arise from a repeating pattern of myosin cross-bridges along the length of the muscle, shows large changes in intensity in these circumstances. During both rapid releases and rapid stretches, by amounts that produce a translation of actin and myosin filaments past each other by about 100 A and that are completed in about a millisecond (i.e., before significant cross-bridge detachment would be expected), an almost synchronous decrease in 143-A intensity occurs, by 50% or more. This is followed, in the case of quick releases, by a rapid partial recovery of intensity lasting 5--6 ms (which may represent cross bridge release and reattachment) and then by a more gradual return to the normal isometric value. Quick stretches show only the slower return of intensity. Immediately after the length change, the initial drop in 143-A intensity can be reversed if the release (or stretch) is reversed. These changes provide evidence of a more direct kind than has hitherto been available that the active sliding of actin filaments past myosin filaments during contraction is produced by longitudinal movement of attached cross-bridges. PMID- 6972535 TI - Host restriction of Friend leukemia virus: gag proteins of host range variants. AB - The host response to murine ecotropic leukemia viruses is mainly controlled by the mouse Fv-1 gene. This locus controls virus replication at an intracellular stage and prevents provirus integration. Biological studies suggest that the Fv-1 effector molecule recognizes at least one virion structural protein. We have produced host range variants of B-tropic Friend murine leukemia virus in order to study the primary structure of potential viral target proteins. Our results show that conversion of B-tropism to NB-tropism is associated with changes in the primary structure of three gag proteins--p15, p12, and p30. These results suggest that host range conversion is due to a recombinational event, presumably between the parental virus and an endogenous murine virus. They also open the possibility that p12 and p30 may be involved in host range restriction. PMID- 6972536 TI - Induction of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and Lyt antigens with thymosin: identification of multiple subsets of prothymocytes in mouse bone marrow and spleen. AB - Thymosin (fraction 5 and synthetic alpha 1 peptide) induced prothymocytes in mouse bone marrow and spleen to express terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT; DNA nucleotidylexotransferase; nucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase, EC 2.7.7.31) or Lyt-1+, 2+, 3+ alloantigens (or both) after brief incubation in vitro. Three antigenic phenotypes were generated: (i) TdT+ Lyt+, (ii) TdT- Lyt+, and (iii) TdT+ Lyt-. The TdT+ Lyt+ phenotype was expressed by 80% of prothymocytes in bone marrow and 30% of prothymocytes in spleen from normal mice. The TdT- Lyt+ phenotype was expressed by 81% of prothymocytes in bone marrow from athymic mice. More than 80% of TdT+ bone marrow cells from normal and athymic mice expressed Lyt antigens after thymosin treatment. We interpret these observations as suggesting that (i) most TdT+ hemopoietic cells in normal and athymic mice are thymocyte progenitors; (ii) two independent lineages of prothymocytes exist, one that expresses TdT and another that does not, (iii) commitment of prothymocytes to the TdT+ cell pathway is partially regulated by a thymic feedback mechanism; and (iv) the bone marrow preferentially produces TdT+ prothymocytes, whereas the spleen may serve as a repository for TdT- prothymocytes. A model of T-cell development is presented in which the thymus functions as a compound organ to process TdT+ and TdT- thymocytes progenitors and to generate two lines of T cells. PMID- 6972538 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte hybridomas that mediate specific tumor-cell lysis in vitro. AB - Cytotoxic hybridomas were generated by polyethylene glycol-induced fusion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and BW5147 lymphoma cells. The CTL populations used for fusion were obtained from BALB/c (H-2d) mice primed with leukemia EL4 of C57BL/6 (H-2b) and restimulated either in vivo or in vitro. To circumvent possible CTL-mediated nonspecific lysis of BW5147 cells during fusion, the CTL were transiently inactivated by trypsin prior to fusion. Four cytolytically active hybridomas were obtained, cloned, and subcloned. Hybrid clones lysed all H 2b leukemic target cells tested but not lipopolysaccharide- or concavanalin A stimulated C57BL/6 lymphoblasts or non-H2b target tumor cells. The mechanism of hybridoma-mediated killing of target cells in vitro appears to be similar to that of parental CTL, although some differences have been observed. The hybridomas appear to possess neither natural killing nor antibody-dependent cytolytic activity. Clones of hybrids propagated in culture for over 6 months without the addition of known external stimulus (i.e., independent of cell growth factor and antigen) exhibit specific lytic activity against H-2b tumor cells. Such autonomous hybridomas will provide a tool for studying the mechanism of CTL mediated lysis and the nature of the CTL receptors. PMID- 6972539 TI - Antigen-induced in vitro antibody production in humans: a model for B cell activation and immunoregulation. AB - The precise events associated with B cell activation in humans are a subject of intense investigation. It has been difficult to develop an in vitro model of antigen-specific triggering of antibody synthesis by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that is independent of exogenous mitogens. In the present study a sensitive and reproducible culture system and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have been established wherein antigen alone is used to trigger antigen-specific antibody synthesis by mononuclear cells from subjects immunized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The in vitro antigen-induced anti-KLH response is comparable in magnitude to that induced by pokeweed mitogen, is predominantly IgM in isotype, and is accompanied by a simultaneous increase in polyclonal antibody production. Anti-KLH responses were seen at in vitro KLH concentrations as low as 0.05 microgram/ml. However, concentrations of KLH greater than 5 microgram/ml resulted in profound suppression of the anti-LHL response while continuing to trigger large amounts of total polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis. This suppression by high concentrations of antigen was also observed in pokeweed mitogen-driven anti KLH production. These observations are consistent with previous results from the mouse model showing a close association between antigen-specific and polyclonal responses and the phenomenon of antigen-induced, antigen-specific suppression. Thus, an in vitro model of antigen induction of antigen-specific antibody synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been demontrated and should prove useful in exploring the mechanism of human B cell activation and immunoregulation. PMID- 6972540 TI - Detector arrangement and sampling characteristics in rotary positron-emission computed tomography. AB - A rotary positron-emission computed tomography system has been proposed in which detectors are mounted unequally spaced on a ring, so as to provide fine and uniform linear sampling during a 360 degree rotation of the ring around its centre. The usefulness of a simple iterative method for searching for a suitable arrangement of detectors is shown, and the dependence of sampling characteristics of such an arrangement on various parameters is clarified. These parameters include the number of detectors I, and the gaps between the adjacent detectors (referred to as angular separations). It is concluded that if the sum total of the angular separations is approximately larger than the angle A subtended at the centre by one detector unit (i.e. if 360 degree -IA greater than or equal to A), a detector arrangement having satisfactory sampling characteristics for positron reconstruction tomography can be determined. Using this iterative method, a 64 detector arrangement of a prototype rotary positron ECT system named POSITOLOGICA was designed and found to be almost optimal under the given conditions. PMID- 6972537 TI - Secondary cytolytic T lymphocyte stimulation by purified H-2Kk in liposomes. AB - Purified H-2Kk incorporated into lipid vesicles induced a secondary allogeneic cytolytic T lymphocyte response. However, the level of the response was much less than that generated by using purified plasma membranes containing an equivalent amount of antigen. Similarly, reconstituted membranes stimulated less effectively than did intact plasma membranes. In both cases the stimulating activity of the antigen was increased by including a detergent-insoluble membrane matrix fraction during formation of the liposomes or reconstructed vesicles. Liposomes formed in the presence of the matrix were larger, were more irregular in shape, and had a higher density than those formed in its absence. Both the H-2 antigen and matrix proteins were incorporated into the same vesicles. The greater antigenicity of H 2 in vesicles containing the matrix protein might be due to either the larger size of the liposomes or interaction of the antigen with a component(s) of the matrix. PMID- 6972541 TI - Labyrinth plugging as a model of suspended vestibular sensory input. PMID- 6972542 TI - [Pleural effusion formation mechanisms in various pathologic conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972543 TI - [Evaluation of T-lymphocytic activity tested by E rosettes test for rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - In a group of 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the percent of erythrocyte rosettes forming cells (ERFC) was found significantly decreased in patients with rheumatoid factor positive (RF+), whereas ERFC were normal in the RF negative patients (RF--). Likely, T-lymphocytic depression in the RF+ patients could be related to a T-suppressor lymphocytes deficit and therefore, B-lymphocytes would be abnormally stimulated. Moreover, in the RF-- patients, B-lymphocytes would not be enhanced for the normal T-suppressor lymphocytes activity. PMID- 6972544 TI - Immunological parameters in farmers with chronic lung disease. PMID- 6972546 TI - [Radiation lesion and recovery of T-lymphocytes. 2. The dynamics of T-cell subpopulation recovery]. PMID- 6972545 TI - [Determination of anti-streptolysin O antibodies, using micromethods]. PMID- 6972547 TI - [Dynamics of the changes in the number and size of mitochondria in small thymocytes of irradiated animals]. PMID- 6972549 TI - [Gastric diagnosis, indications for radiological and endoscopic examinations considering gastrointestinal hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972548 TI - [Increse in postradiation disorders of the vascular-tissue barriers in rabbits asd effected by "aeron"]. PMID- 6972550 TI - [Immunological reactivity of patients with simple psoriasis. I. Delayed hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutinin]. PMID- 6972551 TI - [Immunological reactivity of patients with simple psoriasis. II. T-lymphocyte markers in TE rosette tests]. PMID- 6972552 TI - [Peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation test in various skin diseases of allergic origin]. PMID- 6972553 TI - [Immunological reactivity in simple psoriasis. III. Relative rosette-forming activity of T-lymphocytes and their Ta:Tt proportions in the clinical course and in relation to HL-A antigen expression]. PMID- 6972554 TI - [Effectiveness of different forms of natamycin in the treatment of cutaneous and mucosal multifocal candidiasis]. PMID- 6972555 TI - [Treatment of tinea pedis with pimafucort ointment]. PMID- 6972556 TI - [Epidemiological evaluation of non-traumatic diseases of the musculoskeletal system in Poland]. PMID- 6972557 TI - Protease inhibitor phenotypes and pulmonary disease in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - The incidence of pulmonary emphysema in patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency associated with the protease inhibitor (Pi) phenotype ZZ is increased. To determine whether less severe deficiency states of alpha-1-AT (i.e. Pi phenotypes other than ZZ and MM) might predispose to the development of pulmonary disease, Pi phenotypes were determined in a group of patients in whom the incidence of chronic pulmonary disease is high. The proportion of 52 patients with Sjogren's syndrome who had Pi phenotypes other than ZZ and MM was not significantly greater than that for populations of normal subjects. Mean values for tests of pulmonary function, including estimates of both restrictive lung disease and airway obstruction in patients with the MM phenotype were not significantly different from corresponding means for patients with non-MM phenotypes. These findings suggest that the increased susceptibility of patients with Sjogren's syndrome to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not attributable to an abnormally high frequency of non-MM phenotypes and associated moderately reduced serum levels of alpha-1-AT. PMID- 6972558 TI - [Dentino-pulpal hypoanalgesia using transcutaneous electric neurostimulation]. PMID- 6972560 TI - The psychiatric nurse educator and clinician. PMID- 6972559 TI - [Emergencies in rheumatology]. PMID- 6972563 TI - Psychiatric nursing in non-traditional settings. PMID- 6972561 TI - Who is manning the lifeboat? PMID- 6972562 TI - Patient rights: an issue in mental health nursing. PMID- 6972564 TI - For nurses: new horizons and challenges. PMID- 6972565 TI - Chronic bile exposure increases resistance of canine gastric mucosa to bile. AB - Because four successive weekly exposures of the gastric mucosa of intact dogs to bile did not alter the appearance or the barrier function of the mucosa during subsequent challenges with bile, the effects of chronic continuous exposure to bile were tested. This was accomplished by diversion of the flow of bile from the duodenum into the stomach by cholecystogastrostomy and diversion of the common bile duct. After four weeks, on endoscopic examination the mucosa was dark red but covered in some areas by a creamy coloured, strongly adherent pseudomembrane. Histologically the mucosa was normal. Ion fluxes, when an acid test solution was used, were close to normal. Differences between control dogs and those with chronic bile diversion became very evident, however, when the mucosa was exposed to increasing concentrations of bile. The control dogs displayed increases in net fluxes of H+, Na+, Cl- and K+ as the concentration of the bile was increased but the dogs with chronic bile diversion did not. Also the changes in PD and fluxes in K+ were less in the dogs with bile diversion. In the intact control dogs bile placed in the stomach always produced bleeding and hemorrhagic erosion; in the dogs with chronic bile diversion added bile in the stomach never caused bleeding and the mucosa appeared normal on endoscopic and histological examination. We conclude that the resistance of the gastric mucosa to the barrier breaking action of bile was increased in the dogs with chronic gastric bile diversion. PMID- 6972567 TI - Antigen-dependent physical interaction between human monocytes and T lymphocytes. AB - The physical interaction between human monocytes and autologous T lymphocytes was studied in cultures of cells from tuberculin-sensitive individuals to which purified protein derivative of tuberculin had been added. Such cultures displayed formation of cell aggregates, each typically consisting of one or two monocytes to which several lymphocytes adhered by means of uropods. The capacity of monocyte-T-lymphocyte mixtures to produce this type of aggregate in response to tuberculin correlated with the tuberculin sensitivity of the cell donor as measured by skin test. PMID- 6972566 TI - Aspirin and bile acid induced gastric mucosal damage: protection by prostaglandins and antacids. AB - The importance of bile acids in causing gastric mucosal haemorrhage and the protective effect of prostaglandins and antacids has been studied in a series of studies using an animal model. Bile acids alone did not damage the gastric mucosa, but conjugated bile acids together with aspirin and hydrochloric acid may cause gastric mucosal haemorrhage. The prostaglandin analogue 15(R)15-methyl-E2 methyl ester protected the gastric mucosa against damage caused by conjugated bile acids together with aspirin or hydrochloric acid. Gastric mucosal protection was also achieved with antacids, but this effect appeared to be mainly on the aspirin rather than on the bile acid component of the damage. Bile acid binding, if it did occur, did not prevent the bile acid from increasing aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage. PMID- 6972569 TI - Effect of CBA/N xid on spontaneous production of antibodies to DNA in MRL/1 and NZB backcross mice. AB - We have used the CBA/N X-linked B-cell maturation defect (xid) as a probe to analyse the B-cell subset involved in spontaneous anti-DNA production in MRL/1 and NZB mice. The presence of xid in NZB offspring significantly suppressed anti DNA production, whereas it did not suppress spontaneously produced antibody to DNA in MRL/1 offspring. These studies suggest that largely non-overlapping B-cell subsets are responsible for the spontaneous production of anti-DNA in MRL/1 and NZB mice. PMID- 6972568 TI - Two T-cell populations mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity to murine influenza virus infection. AB - Two classes of T lymphocytes can mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to influenza virus in the mouse. If non-infectious virus preparations are used to sensitize for or to elicit a DTH response, the effector cells are found to be Ly 1-positive and are I-region-restricted. If infectious virus is used both to sensitize for and to elicit the reaction, a second set of effector cells is also directed, which are Ly-2,3-positive and are D- or K,D-region-restricted. The latter cells are cross-reactive within the A strains of influenza viruses, and pretreatment of the mice with high doses of cyclophosphamide markedly decreases their generation in the spleens of sensitized mice, suggesting that the cells that demonstrate DTH activity in vivo may also have cytotoxic activity in vitro. PMID- 6972570 TI - Suppressor activity of T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG on lymphoid colony formation. AB - Human T lymphocytes, upon phytohaemagglutinin stimulation, are able to form colonies in semisolid media. Peripheral T cell bearing Fc receptors (TG) were studied for their possible regulatory activity on lymphoid colony development. Although no substantial differences were observed between the cloning efficiency of unfractionated T cells (thus including TG cells) and T cells depleted of TG, a sharp suppression of colony formation occurred when positively selected TG cells were readded to TG-depleted suspensions. Therefore, TG suppressor activity seems to be strictly dependent upon cell interaction with ox IgG immune complexes used for TG cell isolation. Different experimental approaches failed to demonstrate, although did not exclude, that suppression in this system is mediated by soluble factors. gamma-irradiation of TG cells abrogated their suppressor capacity. PMID- 6972571 TI - Immunochemical characterization of a human B lymphocyte differentiation antigen (p65). AB - A human B-cell differentiation antigen (BDA-1) with a molecular weight of 65,000 was identified by use of an anti-B-cell xenoantiserum. BDA-1 was isolated by immunoprecipitation of cell lysates from a B-lymphoblastoid cell line (SB) and from blood B lymphocytes (sIg+ER-) of four normal individuals. It was not detectable in cell membrane lysates from two T-lymphoblastoid cell lines (HSB-2 and MOLT-3) or from enriched normal T cells (sIg-ER+). BDA is single-chain molecule since its migration in SDS-PAGE gels was not altered by heating the protein to 100 degree C or by treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol. Immunodepletion experiments demonstrated that the antigen recognized by anti-BDA xenoantiserum has neither structural nor antigenic relationships with Ia-like antigen or beta 2 microglobulin. PMID- 6972572 TI - Scanning electron microscopic examination of Bacteroides fragilis and Gardnerella vaginalis after exposure to concentration gradients of metronidazole and tinidazole. AB - Agar diffusion tests with metronidazole and tinidazole were performed with one strain each of Bacteroides fragilis and Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis, Corynebacterium vaginalis). Their cell morphology was studied 'in situ' on agar surfaces by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A sharp growth end-point was found for B. fragilis, whereas with G. vaginalis there was a gradual decrease in the number and size of the colonies close to the agar well. The SEM study also revealed elongation of the B. fragilis cells when exposed to high concentrations of either drug. No such elongation of G. vaginalis was observed. PMID- 6972573 TI - Medical student and factors influencing his professional, ethical and ideological development. PMID- 6972574 TI - [Role of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in the education of socialist physicians]. PMID- 6972575 TI - Model ethical code of the medical student in the People's Republic of Bulgaria. PMID- 6972576 TI - [Methods of educating dentistry students in the communist world view]. PMID- 6972577 TI - Personality of the medical student. PMID- 6972578 TI - On problems of forming the system of values in students at medical faculty. PMID- 6972579 TI - The medical student in a developing country. PMID- 6972580 TI - A conception of social maturity of a medical student and methods by which it can be diagnosed. PMID- 6972581 TI - Relationship between students' health condition and their study at the university. PMID- 6972582 TI - Possibilities of preventing psychic failures in students of pediatric faculty. PMID- 6972583 TI - Study failures in medical students. PMID- 6972584 TI - Study results achieved by students from medical faculty of Jan Evangelista Purkyne University in Brno and their relationship to selected factors. PMID- 6972585 TI - Pathological physiology in relation to the other branches of medical studies. PMID- 6972586 TI - Objectives of practical instruction in pathological physiology at medical faculties. PMID- 6972587 TI - Results obtained from BIOS questionnaire investigation in samples of Charles University students. PMID- 6972590 TI - Problems in block teaching. PMID- 6972589 TI - [Costs of educating 1 medical student in Bulgaria]. PMID- 6972588 TI - Living conditions of a selected group of university students. PMID- 6972594 TI - [Assessment of quality of medical knowledge]. PMID- 6972593 TI - Problems in a continuity between pre- and postgraduate study. PMID- 6972592 TI - Interaction teacher -- student during practical exercise. PMID- 6972595 TI - Psychologically-educational cycle for young teachers at Faculty of Hygiene of Charles University. PMID- 6972591 TI - Experience from evaluating the group system at medical faculty. PMID- 6972596 TI - Our experience from field practice of stomatology students in 10th semester at Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. PMID- 6972597 TI - [Differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis]. AB - The confusion arising from the misnomer "ulcerative colitis" when used to characterize idiopathic hemorrhagic proctocolitis is emphasized, and an attempt is made in this postgraduate lecture to classify inflammatory bowel disease by subdivision into hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic forms. The limits of such didactic simplifications are stressed and special attention is focused on little known conditions such as " diversion colitis" and Campylobacter colitis. PMID- 6972598 TI - [Experimental animal trial of a highly porous CaP-ceramic for wound covering as a coagulation stabilizer after tooth extraction]. PMID- 6972599 TI - Reformation of organized connections in the auditory system after generation of the eighth nerve. AB - Binaural cells in the superior olive normally have identical frequency sensitiveness when acoustically stimulated via either ear. The precision with which central connections are reformed after auditory nerve regeneration can be determined by comparing the frequency sensitiveness of the two binaural inputs to these cells. Three months after cutting the nerve and subsequent regeneration in the leopard frog, binaural cells once again have well-matched frequency sensitivities. Thus, the specificity of central connectivity that characterizes the auditory system in normal animals is restored after regeneration. PMID- 6972600 TI - Cognition and long-term use of ganja (Cannabis). AB - Neuropsychological variables and urine cannabinoid metabolites were evaluated in ten subjects born, raised, and educated in the United States and having histories of heavy or prolonged use of cannabis. No impairment of cognitive function was found. Cannabinoid metabolites in excess of 50 nanograms per milliliter were present in the ten urine samples. The tetrahydrocannabinol content of cannabis exceeded 8.0%. PMID- 6972603 TI - Paradoxical septal motion. PMID- 6972601 TI - Genetic factors in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6972602 TI - Extractable nuclear antigens. PMID- 6972605 TI - [Analgesics]. PMID- 6972604 TI - Pharmacoangiography. PMID- 6972607 TI - Cost control: a multi-disciplinary approach. PMID- 6972608 TI - Fashion and rationality in the allocation of health resources. PMID- 6972609 TI - Pre-scientific medicines: their extent and value. PMID- 6972606 TI - [Treatment of chronic pain by neuro-stimulation techniques]. PMID- 6972610 TI - The contribution and future development of spatial epidemiology. PMID- 6972611 TI - The contribution of psychological and social phenomena to an understanding of the aetiology of disease and illness. PMID- 6972612 TI - Drug prescribing: patterns, problems and proposals. PMID- 6972613 TI - Current and future issues for medical social scientists in less developed countries. PMID- 6972614 TI - The relationship between action and research in health policy. PMID- 6972615 TI - The role of the public in the planning, management and evaluation of health activities and programmes, including self-care. PMID- 6972616 TI - The social sciences and dentistry: current influence and future opportunity. PMID- 6972618 TI - Method for calculating blood loss at vaginal delivery. AB - We describe a method for calculating blood loss at vaginal delivery using a special plastic drape. Blood loss is calculated from the sum of three components: (1) blood lost in sponges, (2) blood loss represented by clots, and (3) blood loss represented by unclotted RBC. The procedure has been used in ten patients and the results are presented. The obstetrician would know the maximal potential blood loss immediately after delivery. If this figure is less than 15% of the estimated blood volume, further calculation might be deemed unnecessary. If this figure exceeds 15% of the estimated blood volume, however, the full procedure described should be done. The final result could be available to the obstetrician within approximately four hours after delivery. PMID- 6972617 TI - Cellulitis: analysis of 101 cases and review of the literature. AB - A retrospective study of 101 patients with cellulitis of the head and neck and extremities showed that cellulitis, predominantly a disease of males, occurred at all ages; the lower extremities were affected more frequently in the elderly, whereas upper extremity involvement prevailed in young adults. A clinical prodrome, most often including chills, was less common than is widely believed. Redness, heat, swelling, and tenderness were consistently present, and lymphangitis and lymphadenitis were less frequent. Fever was generally mild, and WBC counts were modestly elevated, if at all. Because needle aspirates and blood cultures were rarely helpful, delineation of specific cause was difficult. Therapy included rest, elevation, moist heat, analgesia, antibiotics (usually penicillinase-resistant penicillin or penicillin itself), and incision and drainage when indicated. Most patients improved rapidly. Prolonged course and complications were unusual and there were no deaths. PMID- 6972620 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte count in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6972619 TI - Marfan's syndrome with 47,XXX genotype and possible immunologic abnormality. AB - A 2-year-old girl with Marfan's syndrome also had recurrent episodes of upper respiratory infection, otitis media, tonsillitis, and asthma. Chromosomal study revealed the karyotype 47,XXX. Immunologic evaluation showed lack of delayed hypersensitivity skin test response despite previous exposure. The coincidence of Marfan's syndrome and either XXX or immunologic dysfunction has not been reported previously. This case clearly illustrates that more than one abnormality may occur in a single patient. PMID- 6972622 TI - Modern treatment of rheumatic disease. PMID- 6972623 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in Johannesburg. PMID- 6972621 TI - [Use of levamisole (decaris) for treating chronic acquired toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6972624 TI - Income and living arrangements among poor aged singles. AB - It is generally agreed that income plays an important part in determining the living arrangements of unmarried old persons. Numerous studies of later life have concluded that large numbers of old persons live with their friends, adult children, and other relatives simply because they cannot afford to maintain separate homes of their own. The literature contains few references, however, to the effect of income change on the living arrangements of persons after they have become old and poor. This article focuses on the correlates of living arrangements among unmarried older welfare recipients in 1973, and then examines the effect of income change on living arrangements in 1974. Logit analysis identifies several patterns of household change associated with income increase and decrease but, overall, the capacity to care for oneself was the best predictor of living arrangement in 1974. PMID- 6972625 TI - Portosystemic shunts for extrahepatic portal hypertension in children. AB - Twenty-three children with prehepatic portal hypertension and hemorrhage due to ruptured esophagogastric varices had portosystemic shunts. Their ages ranged from two years and seven months to 15 years. Eleven were less than eight years of age. Twenty patients had portal vein cavernomatosis and three patients had double portal veins. In 21 patients, a mesocaval type of shunt was done. A splenorenal shunt was performed in two. There was no surgical mortality. Two shunts occluded, both in rather young infants--two years and seven months and three years of age. In all the others, there was no further bleeding, and the shunts remained patent, as shown by abdominal angiograms. Neuropsychiatric disorders, probably due to hepatic encephalopathy, occurred in only one patient. On the basis of this favorable experience, we believe that an elective portosystemic shunt should, in general, be performed upon children with prehepatic portal hypertension after one major variceal hemorrhage. We favor a mesocaval type of shunt in these children because of the larger diameter of the vessels involved in the anastomosis and because it preserves the spleen, maintaining defense against subsequent infection. PMID- 6972626 TI - Vascular malformations of the stomach and duodenum. PMID- 6972627 TI - Choroid plexus cyst in the lateral ventricle causing obstructive symptoms in an adult. AB - This case of a rare symptomatic choroid plexus cyst in the lateral ventricle, which presented with papilledema and decreased vision, is the first such lesion found in an adult. Five earlier reported cases, all in children, are discussed, as are the limitations of computerized tomographic (CT) scanning and the need for further radiological studies to establish the diagnosis preoperatively. Metrizamide ventriculography with CT scanning is used to define the lesion and plan an operative approach. PMID- 6972628 TI - Indomethacin enhancement of immunocompetence in melanoma patients. AB - Lymphocyte responses to the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) are important in vitro parameters of immunocompetence in cancer patients. The tempo and intensity of this response is regulated by monocytes. We found that the blood lymphocyte response to one or both of these mitogens was significantly depressed in 32 of 33 melanoma patients compared to 29 normal control subjects. However, these responses were significantly enhanced when the drug indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, was added to cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the melanoma patients, but not from the normal control subjects. For example, at a 1 microgram/ml dose of Con A, the mean response of melanoma patients increased from 56% to 81% of the normal mean response, whereas at 20 micrograms/ml PHA the mitogen response increased from 57% to 77% of normal when PMBC were incubated with indomethacin (P less than 0.001). Overall, indomethacin enhanced the mitogen responses of melanoma patients by 35% to 85%, whereas indomethacin increased the response in normal subjects by only 5% to 15%. The mitogen response of monocyte depleted ER+ lymphocytes for melanoma patients was equivalent to that of normal control subjects, and there was no enhancement of this response in the presence of indomethacin. This suggests that the abnormality was due to an altered function of immunoregulatory monocytes. The enhancement by indomethacin in melanoma patients was not significantly influenced by their stage of disease, age, or the proportion of blood monocytes. The decreased levels of cellular immunocompetence in these melanoma patients, as measured by their lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens, therefore appears to be associated with an abnormality in monocyte function that is partially corrected by indomethacin. PMID- 6972629 TI - [Determination of etiology of the infectious process in nonspecific lung disease]. PMID- 6972630 TI - Recent investigations of the first bleeder family in Aland (Finland) described by von Willebrand. AB - The still living members of the original bleeder family on the Aland Islands described by von Willebrand in 1926 have been reinvestigated by using modern laboratory techniques for the measurement of the Factor VIII complex and with regard to platelet aggregation. The low level of F VIII : C activity demonstrated in 1957 could be confirmed in some of the family members, who however all had only mild bleeding symptoms. More consistently, in 6 out of 10, a low F VIIIR : Ag was found; all of those also had a low F VIII : RCoF. In none of the members were excessively low values for any of the parameters found. However, the spectrum of the whole F VIII complex indicates that the original family described by von Willebrand belongs to von Willebrand's disease, type I. PMID- 6972631 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies on treatment with sulfonamides and trimethoprim]. PMID- 6972632 TI - On mechanisms of activation and restriction in T and B lymphocytes. AB - The mechanism of MHC restriction is discussed with special reference to cytotoxic T lymphocytes reactive against hapten-modified self determinants. Effector cell specificity is considered to reflect the specificity of primary induction and recognition between T lymphocytes and immunogenic antigenic determinants. Mechanisms of activation and development of different specificity repertoires in T and in B cells are discussed, with special reference to those self determinants that direct specificity and serve as markers for self-nonself discrimination. PMID- 6972634 TI - Clinical application of cardiovascular computed tomography. AB - The application of computed tomography to cardiovascular diagnosis was attempted. One hundred and four consecutive patients with various cardiovascular diseases were studied with a third-generation computed tomographic three-second whole body scanner. Identification and evaluation of abnormalities of the great vessels, atria, ventricles and interventricular septum were possible by cardiac computed tomography. Sizes and locations of intracardiac thrombi were accurately assessed by computed tomography. Computed tomography was valuable for the evaluation of pericardial effusion because distribution of the effusion as well as the gross nature of the fluid could be estimated by the CT number. PMID- 6972635 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in stroke by 133Xenon inhalation and emission tomography. AB - A rapidly rotating single-photon emission tomograph was used to study regional cerebral blood flow by 133Xenon inhalation. Using a rotation speed of 180 degrees/5 sec a tomographic picture of the average Xenon concentration in 3 slices is obtained. By taking a sequence of 4 one-minute tomograms during and after a one-minute 133Xenon inhalation period a flow-dependent variation in local isotope concentration is seen. This sequence is used for calculating CBF by a deconvolution procedure. The CBF maps have a spatial resolution of approximately 1.7 cm (FWHM). This preliminary study comprises normal subjects and 10 unselected patients with stroke. The CBF tomograms localized appropriate ischemic areas in all 10 patients. In one patient the conventional x-ray tomogram was negative, while the flow tomogram clearly showed a decreased flow in consonance with the clinical findings. Regional cerebral blood flow measured tomographically by 133Xenon inhalation circumvents the extra-cranial contamination and the superposition of intracranial tissues that hamper 133Xenon inhalation flow studies using stationary detectors. PMID- 6972633 TI - T lymphoreceptopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Decreases in numbers and functions of SLE T lymphocytes as a form of lymphoreceptopathy were investigated using T lymphocytes and sera obtained from both SLE patients and healthy subjects with respect to the effects of suppressor T cells and Con A induced suppressor factor against antibody formation, changes in the membrane microviscosity and the ultrastructure of membrane associated particles (MAPs) of T lymphocytes. The lymphoreceptopathy of SLE T lymphocytes was induced by decreased microviscosity and abnormalities of distribution, size and density of MAPs on the T lymphocyte membrane which can be modulated by serum factors consisting mainly of IgG as T cell membrane binding antibody and partially of IgM as cytotoxic antibody. PMID- 6972636 TI - Italian study of reversible ischemic attacks. Report of a meeting in Rome, Oct. 14-16, 1980. PMID- 6972637 TI - Test your knowledge: gastrointestinal bleeding part II. PMID- 6972638 TI - The organization of immunogenetic loci in the Norway rat. PMID- 6972640 TI - Serologic and biochemical analyses of rat class II molecules with anti-Ia sera. PMID- 6972639 TI - Inability to fix the Lewis haplotype on the ACI background in a congenic breeding program. PMID- 6972643 TI - Expression of alloantigens on the endothelium of ACI strain kidneys. PMID- 6972641 TI - In vitro responses of BN strain inbred rats. PMID- 6972642 TI - Characterization of glyoxalases 1, 2, and 3 in the rat and the linkage of glyoxalase-1 to the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 6972644 TI - Immunologic interactions between parental and reciprocal F1 hybrid rats. PMID- 6972645 TI - Presence of lymphoid dendritic cells in thoracic duct lymph from Lewis rats. PMID- 6972647 TI - [Comparative analysis of potassium and sodium flux across a muscle fiber membrane in a saline medium deficient in alkali metal cations]. AB - Sodium and potassium fluxes from frog sartorius in magnesium-, choline- and Tris Ringer solutions free of sodium and potassium have been studied wih the flame emission technique. In the media examined the rate constant of potassium loss appeared to decrease as much as by 100 times when the internal sodium increases from 10 to 60-130 mumol/g. d. w. At. high internal sodium concentration, ouabain (10(-4) M) significantly increases the loss of potassium, whereas at low sodium concentration there is no such effect. The role of potassium reabsorption in the phenomena observed has been analyzed. No constant stoichiometry between the changes in ouabain-sensitive sodium fluxes and "reabsorbed" potassium fluxes has been found. With ouabain applied the time-course of shifts of these two fluxes are different. It is suggested that the effect of the internal sodium concentration and ouabain on potassium loss in sodium, and potassium-free media may be due not only to the reabsorption of potassium, but also to the change of potassium efflux itself. PMID- 6972646 TI - Heterogeneity of inbred BN strain rats for the RT2 locus. PMID- 6972650 TI - Radical cystectomy after coronary artery bypass graft. AB - Nine patients have undergone single-stage radical cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion two to fifty-one months after coronary artery bypass procedures. Two patients presenting with intractable angina at the time their malignant disease was being evaluated required bypass surgery before cystectomy could be undertaken. No significant cardiac morbidity occurred postoperatively, and all remain alive without evidence of malignant disease. PMID- 6972648 TI - [Factors that control stem cell differentiation. II. The sensitivity of T differentiated lymphocytes to the action of radiation and cytostatics]. AB - Bone marrow stem cells of the parent genotype (CBA) produce mainly erythroid colonies in the spleen of lethally irradiated recipients (CBA-C57Bl)F1. T d lymphocytes change this differentiation pattern from the mainly erythroid to the mainly myeloid pathway. The irradiation with 100 R does not abolish this effect. The lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with 200 R or more, and incubated with Mitomycin C or Cycloheximide lost the ability to change the differentiation pattern of the transplanted cells. T d-lymphocytes are radiosensitive cells that need DNA and protein synthesis for realizing their function. PMID- 6972649 TI - [Sexual maturation in mentally retarded children]. PMID- 6972652 TI - Longevity studies following surgically treated coronary artery disease. PMID- 6972653 TI - Panel discussion: survival following coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6972654 TI - Mechanisms of cold-induced cellular death. PMID- 6972651 TI - Microporous tracheal prosthesis: incorporation and prevention of infection. PMID- 6972655 TI - Immunotherapeutic effect of cryosurgical tumor necrosis. AB - It is clear, then, that cryosurgery augments immunity that is specifically directed against the tumor in several murine tumor systems. Both cell-mediated and humoral immunity are involved. The degree of augmentation of immunity is greater than that following a period of tumor growth and cold-knife excision and that following electrocoagulation of tumor. The degree of tumor-specific immunity after cryosurgery is not sufficient to alter growth rates of recurrent tumors, however. Although immunity is not markedly potentiated, it is sufficiently augmented to be effective in protecting against small doses of tumor cells of up to 10(6) cells, and presumably in the presence of minimal residual disease. It is possible that immunity could be potentiated further by the injection of accessible tumors with a nonspecific immunoadjuvant one to five days before cryosurgery. PMID- 6972656 TI - General principles of cryosurgical technique. PMID- 6972658 TI - Cryosurgery of oral tumors in dogs and cats. PMID- 6972657 TI - Anorectal and perianal cryosurgery. PMID- 6972659 TI - Cryosurgical treatment of canine eyelid tumors. PMID- 6972661 TI - Prospective analysis cryosurgery as the sole treatment for equine sarcoids. PMID- 6972660 TI - Cryotherapy in veterinary ophthalmology. PMID- 6972662 TI - Cryosurgical treatment of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 6972663 TI - Sequelae to cryosurgery. PMID- 6972664 TI - Viral particles in the hepatocytes of Rana esculenta (L). AB - The hepatocytes of Rana esculenta exhibit hexagonal, probably icosahedral, viral particles disseminated in the cytoplasm among cellular organelles (mitochondria, cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex). The particles consist of an electron-dense core (nucleoid) and a less electron-dense envelope (capsid). Empty capsids (without nucleoid) or semilunar capsid fragments can be sometimes observed. The virus seems to be a cytoplasmic one, as it has not been found in the nucleus of hepatocytes. PMID- 6972666 TI - [Combination of multiple exostoses and lung cancer in 1 family]. PMID- 6972665 TI - [Combined defect of cellular and humoral immunity in diffuse interstitial fibrosing pneumonia]. PMID- 6972667 TI - [Clinico-immunological analysis of D-penicillamine use in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6972670 TI - [Role of the vitamin factor in preventing phenol poisoning]. AB - Experiments on rats were made to examine the effect of vitamin B1, pantothenic and ascorbic acids on the acetylation system and some characteristics of protein metabolism under chronic exposure to phenol. Inhibition of phenol vapours led to inhibition of the acetylation on the 105th day of the experiment, to accumulation of pyruvic acid by the blood and diurnal urine, to elevation of cholesterol content in the blood serum. The total content of protein and protein fractions in the blood serum remained unchanged. Additional vitaminization of the animals with thiamine (150 micrograms), calcium pantothenate (650 micrograms) or with their mixture containing ascorbic acid (2 mg) resulted in normalization of the test characteristics of carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The data obtained and the clinical trials carried out by the authors suggest introduction of the physiological doses of thiamine, calcium pantothenate and ascorbic acid into the diet of the workers in order to prevent phenol poisonings more effectively. PMID- 6972668 TI - [Immunomorphological study of the synovial fluid and bone marrow in different variants of rheumatoid arthritis in children]. PMID- 6972669 TI - [T- and B-lymphocytes and the rheumatoid factor in the synovial fluid and peripheral blood in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6972673 TI - [Generalized enthezopathy]. PMID- 6972672 TI - Nea, new blood group antigen in Finland. AB - A previously unrecognized blood group antigen is described. The antigen was shown to be different from many rare blood group antigens, to be inherited as an autosomal dominant character and not to be closely linked to the established blood group systems nor to several other polymorphic markers of blood. The antigen is well developed at birth. About 5% of Finns have this antigen. In contrast only 1 donor in 502 Swiss blood donors and 2 unrelated donors in 395 Swedish blood donors were found to be positive for the antigen. The antigen is provisionally called Nea and the respective antibody anti-Nea. At least three Na(a+) blood units were given to a patient on different occasions before anti-Nea was detected in compatibility tests. Since the discovery of the first anti-Nea, three additional examples of this antibody have been identified in serum from multitransfused patients. Anti-Nea is capable of shortening the in vivo survival of transfused incompatible Ne(a+) cells. PMID- 6972671 TI - [Specific and nonspecific cytolysis reactions in rheumatic patients with a low degree of activity in the process of combined treatment by a high-protein diet and drug preparations]. AB - Effect of therapy including high-protein diet and hormones on specific and nonspecific cytolysis was studied in patients with torpid and latent-running recurrent rheumatic carditis. The number of HeLa cells on which specific antigens (cardiac tissue extract, collagen, group C streptococcal nucleoproteid) were adsorbed significantly decreased on addition to the test target sensitized lymphocytes from the patients examined. As a result of therapy most patients showed the reduced activity of supernatants obtained from peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures that were incubated with specific antigens. PMID- 6972674 TI - Stress ulceration: the clinical problem. PMID- 6972675 TI - Role of bile acid reflux in acute hemorrhagic gastritis. PMID- 6972676 TI - Methods of prophylaxis in stress ulcer disease. PMID- 6972678 TI - Treatment of bleeding typhoid ulcer of the terminal ileum and cecum. PMID- 6972681 TI - [Rosette-forming T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with gastrointestinal and subclinical forms of salmonellosis]. PMID- 6972679 TI - [Coronary artery disease. Conservative therapy, aortocoronary bypass operation, or transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6972677 TI - Treatment of established stress ulcer disease. PMID- 6972680 TI - [Participation of the preoptic area in the synchronizing and desynchronizing mechanisms of the brain]. AB - The paper deals with spreading of the positive wave (P-wave), appearing in response to stimulation of the basal preoptic area (BPA) in the structures of meso-diencephalic and bulbar levels, predominantly involved into synchronizing and desynchronizing brain systems. It is shown that P-wave is mostly pronounced in the structures situated along the medial fascicle of the forebrain, its bilateral coagulation leading to changes in wave characteristics in the studied structures. Besides, after section of the medial fascicle of the forebrain pronounced inhibitory effects of the posterior hypothalamus on P-wave appearing in response to stimulation of BPA, are considerably weakened. PMID- 6972682 TI - Acute gastric bleeding due to diffuse erosive gastritis. Causes of the surgical failures and results from a policy after treatment of 115 cases. AB - One hundred and fifteen cases with acute gastric bleeding due to diffuse erosive gastritis, seen and treated surgically from 1964 to 1980, are presented in this paper. An attempt is made to discuss and assess the causes of failure and of high mortality encountered after surgical approach in these cases. It is postulate from the results obtained in this study that proximal gastric vagotomy offers the more promising chances for the successful management of this disease, and that immediate re-operation in cases of persisting postoperative re-bleeding greatly eliminates and diminishes the high mortality which has been proved to be due mainly to a prolonged high postoperative re-bleeding rate. PMID- 6972683 TI - T and B lymphocyte enumeration in the diagnosis of lymphocyte-rich pleural fluids. AB - The presence of a monotonous population of small lymphocytes in effusions may be due to chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), malignant lymphoma of the small cell type (SLML) or a chronic inflammatory process, such as tuberculosis. In this report we provide evidence that the enumeration of T and B lymphocytes in such fluids may provide a reliable means of distinguishing between malignant and nonmalignant effusions. The mean percentage of T lymphocytes in th pleural effusions of ten patients wit nonmalignant diseases was 80.2, and the mean percentage of B lymphocytes was 7.4. In marked contrast, B cells predominated (mean, 83.3%) in the pleural effusions of patients with lymphoma or leukemia. Since the great majority of chronic lymphocytic lymphomas and leukemias are of B cell origin, we conclude that effusions containing a large predominance of B cells have a high probability of being malignant. Those that contain a predominance of T cells are almost always benign, although one should always consider the rare occurrence of chronic lymphocytic lymphomas and leukemias of T cell origin. PMID- 6972684 TI - [Prolonged jaundice and a heterozygous (PiMZ) alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]. PMID- 6972686 TI - Relationship between dyspnea and chest pain ischemic heart disease. AB - Dyspnea may form a differential diagnostic symptom to chest pain in ischemic heart disease (IHD) but may also precede angina pectoris (AP) as a manifestation of IHD. In the Primary Preventive Trial in Goteborg the occurrence of AP and its relation to dyspnea has been studied in a random population sample of men aged 47 54 years at entry to the study and followed for 4 years. In the corss-sectional study dyspnea was reported in 21% of the total population and in 70% of the angina population. Dyspnea at entry to the study was reported in 36% among cases who developed AP along during the follow-up time and in 35% among cases who developed AP associated with myocardial infarction. The dyspnea was not related to smoking habits or to low grade of physical activity. The report of dyspnea before chest pain in IHD may be due to misinterpretation in early cases. On the other hand it is also known that intermittent left ventricular failure coincident with attacks of myocardial ischemia will give a subjective feeling of dyspnea. According to our study there is a definite association between AP and dyspnea. In some cases dyspnea precedes AP whereas in others the chest pain precedes the dyspnea. The symptom dyspnea also carries important prognostic information in IHD. PMID- 6972685 TI - Morphological analysis of thymic lymphocytes in C57Bl/6 mice. PMID- 6972687 TI - [Percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of Gasser's ganglion in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 6972688 TI - Changing views on diverticular disease as a cause of gastro-intestinal bleeding. AB - Over the past 60 years there has been continuing controversy and changing views about the relative importance of diverticular disease as a cause of gastro intestinal haemorrhage. In the 1920s neoplasms were thought to be the commonest cause of colonic bleeding, then in the 1950s diverticulitis and subsequently diverticulosis. However, at that time the diagnosis of diverticular haemorrhage was mostly one of exclusion. In the 1960s an attempt was made to identify the site of bleeding and it was found that even though diverticula are mostly in the left colon, bleeding occurred from the right colon. A partial explanation for this came with the advent of arteriography and the discovery of caecal angiodysplasias. The relative importance of the two conditions remains uncertain but it is clear that, in patients with gastro-intestinal haemorrhage, the presence of diverticula should not stop a thorough search for other causes of bleeding. PMID- 6972689 TI - Possible roles of prostaglandins synthesized and secreted by macrophages in regulating immune responses. PMID- 6972691 TI - Management of unstable angina: current status and new perspectives. PMID- 6972690 TI - Drug effects on autoantibodies and immune complexes. AB - In connective tissue diseases, putatively immunosuppressive drugs may lower antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-DNA antibody and rheumatoid factor titres. Penicillamine may induce or increase titres of antinuclear and/or anti-muscle antibodies. The mechanism of induction of penicillamine antinuclear autoimmunity evidently differs from that seen with hydrallazine and procainamide. While the latter may induce circulating immune complex formation, the effect of penicillamine on circulating immune complex levels in rheumatoid arthritis is variable. Our recent findings will be discussed. PMID- 6972692 TI - Fatal cardiac arrest during cardiac catheterization for angina pectoris: analysis of 10 necropsy patients. AB - Data on 10 patients with angina pectoris and fatal cardiac arrest during cardiac catheterization were analyzed to determine the circumstances of death and the severity and distribution of the coronary arterial narrowing. Nine patients died during attempted coronary angiography, and the remaining patient during right sided cardiac catheterization. At least three of four major epicardial coronary arteries were narrowed 76 to 100 percent in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaques in all 10 patients. Seven of these patients had this degree of narrowing of the left main coronary artery by plaque, and two additional patients had severe (more than 75 percent) narrowing of the left main coronary artery by thromboembolic material superimposed on small atherosclerotic plaques. Among 354 five mm long segments of the left main, left anterior descending, left circumflex and right coronary arteries in eight patients, the percent narrowing to various degrees in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaques was as follows: 96 to 100 percent, 9; 76 to 95 percent, 49; 51 to 75 percent, 23; 26 to 50 percent, 13; and 0 to 25 percent, 6. With use of a scoring system of 1 to 4 for the amount of narrowing in each 5 mm segment (1 = 0-25 percent, 2 = 26 to 50 percent, 3 = 51 to 75 percent and 4 = 76 to 100 percent), the mean score per 5 mm segment for the group was 3.34. Thus, patients with angina pectoris who die during cardiac catheterization have particularly severe and diffuse coronary atherosclerosis and usually severe narrowing of the left main coronary artery. PMID- 6972693 TI - Effects of a prescribed supervised exercise program on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients after myocardial infarction. The National Exercise and Heart Disease Project. AB - This study enrolled 651 men with myocardial infarction in five participating centers in a randomized 3 year clinical trial of the effects of prescribed supervised exercise. The subjects, aged to 30 to 64 years, were screened for eligibility 2 to 36 months after their qualifying myocardial infarction. The men in the exercise group pursued intensive exercise in the laboratory for 8 weeks and then in a gymnasium for 34 months. The experience of the exercise group was more favorable than that of the control group in most of the comparisons made. The cumulative 3 year total mortality rate was 7.3 percent for the control group and 4.6 percent for the exercise group; the 3 year rate for recurrent myocardial infarction was 7.0 and 5.3 percent, respectively. Mortality rates in the two groups did not differ significantly, but the data were consistent with an assumption of substantial benefit from exercise. Adjustment for small differences in baseline variables by multivariate methods did not materially alter the estimate of effect of exercise. Certain subgroups showed a greater benefit from exercise. PMID- 6972694 TI - Changes in smoking, serum cholesterol and blood pressure levels during a community-based cardiovascular disease prevention program--the North Karelia Project. AB - A comprehensive community-based program to control cardiovascular disease was carried out in North Karelia, Finland, in 1972--1977. Reductions in smoking, serum cholesterol and blood pressure (BP) levels were among the central intermediate objectives. The effect was evaluated by examining independent population samples at the outset and at the end, both in the program area and in a matched reference area. More than 10,000 subjects were studied each time (participation rate about 90%). This paper presents the analyses of the estimated effect of the program on the risk factor means by comparing the baseline and terminal situations among the population aged 30--59 years. The effect of the program among men was estimated to be a reduction of 13% in smoking, 4% in serum cholesterol and 3% in systolic and diastolic BP means. Among women, there was a net reduction of 5% in systolic BP and 4% in diastolic BP means. The net reductions in smoking (8%) and serum cholesterol (1%) among women were within sampling variation. It is concluded that the population means of the major coronary heart disease risk factors were reduced during the program more in the intervention area than in the reference area, and it seems likely that most of this difference was due to the program. PMID- 6972695 TI - Cellular kinetics in a patient with Sezary syndrome. AB - Cellular kinetics and proliferation of Sezary cells (SC) were studied in a 48 year-old woman with Sezary syndrome (SS). In vitro flash labeling indices of peripheral blood (PB) SC were studied by labeling with tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) and tritiated cytidine (3HCdR). Intradermal SC were labeled in vivo by local injection of 3HTdR followed by skin biopsies of the injected sites. Traffic patterns of DNA labeled PB SC were studied by intravenous 3HTdR followed by sampling of PB, skin, lymph node (LN), and bone marrow (BM). Fluxes of PB SC in various tissues were investigated by autotransfusion of 3HCdR labeled PB SC followed by serial sampling of PB, LN, BM, and skin. In vitro response of PB SC followed by serial sampling of PB, LN, BM, and skin. In vitro response of PB SC to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed (PWM) were also investigated. The results from these studies in this patient indicate that 1) proliferation of SC was primarily in the skin, 2) there was a negligible flux of SC from blood into skin, LN, and BM, and 3) the mitogenic response of PB mononuclear cells (mostly SC) to PHA, PWM, and Con A was poor. PMID- 6972697 TI - Effect of antipyretics on the length of hospital stay of pediatric patients with bacterial infections. AB - Antipyretic use in pediatric patients with uncomplicated bacterial infections was characterized, and the effect of such therapy on the length of hospital stay of these patients was studied. Study patients were divided into six groups of 30 patients. Patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, staphylococcal cellulitis, or H. influenzae meningitis receiving at least two antipyretic doses were compared with their counterparts receiving one or no antipyretic doses. Of the total 299 antipyretic doses administered, 284 were acetaminophen. Patients with H. influenzae meningitis received a mean of 4.57 doses per patient, which was significantly greater than the other study groups (p less than 0.05). In contrast, patients with staphylococcal cellulitis received the highest mean dose of 12.51 mg/kg of acetaminophen. There appeared to be a relationship between the admitting temperature and the mean length of hospital stay; higher admitting temperatures were correlated with increased length of stay. Analysis of covariance for the different study groups indicated no significant difference in length of hospital stay (p greater than 0.05). PMID- 6972696 TI - New variants of alpha 1-antitrypsin: comparison of Pi typing techniques. AB - Four new rare inherited variants (Pi types) of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 protease inhibitor) are described. Each variant has been compared with previously reported genetic variants by several techniques used for Pi typing: isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, starch gel electrophoresis, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Some variants are identical or very similar by one technique but can be clearly distinguished by another technique. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and gel immunofixation have been used to identify the gel bands as alpha 1 antitrypsin. PMID- 6972699 TI - Warm auto-antibody with anti-G specificity. AB - A case involving a warm auto-antibody with anti-G specificity is described. The patient has the most probable genotype of R1R2. At the time of admission this patient had a positive direct antiglobulin test with no detectable antibody in the serum. The use of absorption and elution techniques suggested the presence of a specific antibody with specificity confirmed using the rare cells rG. This auto antibody did not seem to cause significant in vivo hemolysis. PMID- 6972698 TI - Marker and kinetic studies in the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 6972700 TI - Genetic background of acute anterior uveitis. AB - To determine the hereditary pattern of acute anterior uveitis, we examined seven families-one family with four cases, one family with three cases, and four families with two cases of acute anterior uveitis. A total of 16 patients with uveitis and 28 relatives underwent ocular examinations and serologic determination of HLA antigens, protease inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin typing, and X-ray examination of sacroiliac joints. Sacroiliitis was found in 11 of 16 patients (68.8%) and incomplete Reiter's disease in seven of 16 (43.8%). HLA-B27 antigen was found in all patients with uveitis and in six of 21 (28.6%) relatives. HLA-Cw1 antigen was found in nine of 14 (64.3%) patients with uveitis, often in the same haplotype with HLA-B27 antigen. HLA-DR4 antigen was found in seven of 11 (63.6%) patients with uveitis. There was no significant association of the alpha 1-antitrypsin variant MZ with uveitis. We believe that a pleiotropic gene associated with HLA-B27 antigen with autosomal dominant inheritance, incomplete penetrance, and variable expressivity may determine susceptibility to acute anterior uveitis in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-Cwl antigen. PMID- 6972701 TI - Retinal perivasculitis in phacolytic glaucoma. PMID- 6972703 TI - Unidirectional flux ratio for potassium ions in depolarized frog skeletal muscle. AB - Small bundles of frog skeletal muscle fibers were loaded with 305 mM K+ and 120 mM Cl-, and 42K+ tracer efflux and influx were measured as a function of external K+ concentration ([K+]o) at a resting potential of -2 mV. As [K+]o was lowered from 305 mM, efflux decreased along a markedly sigmoidal curve, reaching a constant nonzero value at low [K+]o. Influx varied linearly with [K+]o at low [K+]o and more steeply at higher [K+]o. The ratio of influx to efflux was described by the equation: influx/efflux = exp[-n(V - VK)F/RT] with n = 2 at high [K+]o, but the ratio approached this equation with n = 1 at low [K+]o. Efflux did not depend on [K+]o when the membrane potential was raised to +36 mV, whereas at low [K+]o decreasing the membrane potential to -19 mV further activated the efflux. The results are discussed in terms of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel with two or more activating sites within the membrane that bind K+ and are accessible from the external solution. PMID- 6972702 TI - Alkaline secretion by amphibian duodenum. II. Short-circuit current and Na+ and Cl- fluxes. AB - The relations among alkaline secretion, short-circuit current (Isc), and fluxes of Na+ and Cl- are examined. The Isc (1.15 +/- 0.03 microeq.cm-2.h-1) was significantly greater than the rate of alkaline secretion (1.02 +/- 0.02 microeq.cm-2.h-1). Regression analysis (n = 300) showed a highly significant correlation between alkaline secretion and Isc and indicated a residual Isc of 0.26 microeq.cm-2.h-1. In the absence of HCO3-, there was a residual Isc of 0.25 +/- 0.04 microeq.cm-2.h-1. This residual Isc is accounted for by an observed net Na+ absorption of 0.28 +/- 0.04 microeq.cm-2.h-1. Fluxes of Na+ fail to fit the flux-ratio equation and were not significantly affected by 2 X 10(-6) M ouabain, 5 X 10(-5) M amiloride, or anoxia but were significantly reduced by 2,4,6 triaminopyrimidine. The net Cl- flux was not significantly different from zero. Cl- fluxes conform to the flux-ratio equation and were reduced by anoxia or 2,4,6 triaminopyrimidine but were not affected by 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocynostilbene 2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS). Anoxia or ouabain significantly inhibited alkaline secretion and Isc without affecting net fluxes of Na+ or Cl-, whereas amiloride or SITS had no effect on any of these parameters. There is no NaCl-coupled transport nor anion exchange, but solute-coupled Na+ absorption is demonstrated. We conclude that alkaline secretion by the duodenum involves a transcellular, energy-requiring, Na+-dependent, ouabain-sensitive, electrogenic mechanism that accounts for at least 80% of the Isc. Net Na+ absorption accounts for the residual Isc. Movements of Cl- are passive, do not contribute to Isc, and are not involved in the mechanism of alkaline secretion. Two hypothetical models of transcellular alkaline secretion are proposed. PMID- 6972704 TI - Localization and characterization of adrenergic receptors on frog skin melanophores. AB - The functional location of adrenergic binding sites was studied in frog skin melanophores by injecting norepinephrine (NE) outside and inside a melanophore. In 49 groups of cells (75% of the fields tested) iontophoretic injection of NE outside the cell caused melanosome aggregation in the target cell and/or in the field. In six cells in which a resting membrane potential was measured before and after intracellular injection (10-90 nA), NE elicited no change in melanosome configuration. Once the receptors were localized, the effect of temperature on these receptors was determined by measuring the reflectance of skins (an indication of melanosome aggregation or dispersion) in two populations of frogs treated with NE, Rana pipiens pipiens (with dominant alpha-receptors) and Rana berlandieri forreri (with dominant beta-receptors). NE (0.1 mM) caused melanosome aggregation in the former and dispersion in the latter tested at 12, 22, and 40 degrees C. The iontophoretic and reflectance results suggest that the binding site of the adrenergic receptor is located on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of melanophores and that alpha- and beta-receptors evoke aggregation and dispersion, respectively, within the temperature range of these experiments. PMID- 6972706 TI - Life expectancy after coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6972705 TI - Diagnosis and management of coronary arterial spasm. PMID- 6972707 TI - Current status of myocardial preservation. PMID- 6972708 TI - Bleeding from gastritis: usefulness of vasopressin. PMID- 6972710 TI - Acute otitis media in children eight years old and older: a reappraisal of the role of Hemophilus influenzae. AB - The bacteriology of acute otitis media in 18 children eight to 17 years of age was investigated through the use of culture of middle ear exudate obtained by tympanic membrane puncture. Equal numbers of children had either Hemophilus influenzae (six) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (six) in the middle ear exudate. Acute otitis media in children through adolescence should be treated with antibiotics known to be effective against H. influenzae. PMID- 6972711 TI - Hearing in 70 and 75 year old people: results from a cross sectional and longitudinal population study. AB - Audiometric data are presented from a cross sectional and longitudinal population study of 70 and 75 year old people in Gothenburg, Sweden. The population studied included 1148 randomly selected 70 year old men and women. A subsample of 376 was tested with pure tone and speech audiometry. Five years later 261 of those were tested again with the same methods. The mean pure tone thresholds were only 8 to 10 dB. higher than data chosen as representative for presbycusis in selected populations. Between the ages of 70 and 75 there was no detectable change in the pure tone thresholds for men. The hearing threshold in women had deteriorated throughout the entire frequency range and most were at 4 and 8 kHz. Speech discrimination scores were unexpectedly high. Seventy-five per cent of the women and 50 per cent of the men had discrimination scores equal to or better than 92 per cent at the age of 70. At the age of 75 about 65 per cent of the women and 35 per cent of the men had the same excellent speech discrimination PMID- 6972709 TI - Bacteriologic study of paronychia in children. PMID- 6972714 TI - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cattle plasma proteins: genetic polymorphism of an alpha 1-protease inhibitor. AB - Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of cattle plasma proteins was done by a first dimension separation in agarose gel (pH 5.0), followed by a second dimension in horizontal polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0). This method resulted in improved and reproducible separation of many alpha- and beta-globulins. Three groups of alpha-globulins, designated Pi-1, Pi-2 and Pi-3, were found to inhibit the esterolytic activity of bovine trypsin and bovine chymotrypsin. Pi-2 showed appreciable inhibition only for trypsin and genetic polymorphism was observed for this protein. Family data supported the hypothesis that the three Pi-2 types observed were controlled by two codominant, autosomal alleles. The occurrence of a third Pi-2 allele was also postulated in some animals studied. The frequency of the most common allele, Pi-2s, ranged from 0.5-0.8 in the different breeds of cattle studied (Swedish Red and White, Friesian, Jersey, Charolais and Simmental). The post-transferrins Ptf-1 and Ptf-2 in cattle plasma were shown to be two different genetic systems. PMID- 6972712 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin and acute anterior uveitis. AB - To test the pathogenetic role of the phenotype MZ of alpha 1-antitrypsin/alpha 1 protease inhibitor (PI) in acute anterior uveitis (AAU), 156 patients with AAU were examined. Sera of all patients and 120 healthy controls were PI-typed using isoelectric focusing. There were no significant differences in PI MZ frequencies either between the patients with AAU (4.5%) and the controls (4.2%), or between AAU patients with associated rheumatic diseases (4.8%) and AAU patients with no associated disease (4.3%). The results indicate that the PI MZ type is not closely associated with AAU among Finns. PMID- 6972715 TI - Polymorphic serum prealbumin (Pa) of pig, identified as and alpha1-protease inhibitor. AB - Pig serum proteins were analysed by horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a discontinuous buffer system (pH 9.0). A 12% acrylamide concentration in the separation gel was used. Each of the two paralbumin (Pa) alleles gave rise to two closely migrating fractions. The polymorphic Pa was identified as an alpha1-protease inhibitor as the Pa fractions inhibited the esterolytic activity of both bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin. Therefore, it has been proposed that the locus symbol for this prealbumin be changed to Pi-1. The protease inhibitory spectra and electrophoretic mobility of the Pa (Pi-1) fractions suggested that this protein was probably the same as the pig serum alpha1-protease inhibitor described in some earlier studies and that it corresponds to human serum alpha 1-protease inhibitor (Pi). PMID- 6972716 TI - Influenza vaccine treatment of herpes of the eye. PMID- 6972713 TI - [Electrostimulation-analgesia and neurolept analgesia during aorto-coronary bypass operation. A comparative haemodynamic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972717 TI - [Study of factors of biological variations acting on the concentration of the alpha-1-serous antitrypsin in a "common population" (author's transl)]. AB - We established by nephelometry the serous concentration in an antitrypsin alpha-1 from an example of common population of th preventive Medicine Center of VAndoeuvre-les-Nancy (675 adults men and women). First of all, the technical qualities of the equipment (replication : 0.06) to 1.1 per cent) and the dosage method (replication : 1,6 to 2,9 per cent, reproduction 3,4 to 4,3 per cent) were estimated. We showed that the technique was well connected with the electroimmunodiffusion (r : 0.90), but that was an important dissociation between the concentrations established by the two methods. The analytical variation being known, we approached the study of biological variations. The distribution of antitrypsin alpha-1 values is quite log-normal (median : 1,71 g/l, medium : 1,76 G/l). The main factors of biological variation observed are the sex (increase in 6 to 11 per cent in women), the age (decrease in 10 per cent between 20-30 years old and 40-50 years old women), the tobacco (increase in 9,5 per cent in the men smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day), the drinking of alcohol (decrease in 10 per cent for two sexes), the taking of oral contraceptives (increase in 29 per cent). These factors of biological variation should be taken in account at the time of producing the reference values, in addition of the analytical, pathological and genetic factors. PMID- 6972718 TI - Heterogeneity of pathogenetic mechanisms in aplastic anemia. Efficacy of therapy based on in-vitro results. AB - The mechanisms responsible for the bone marrow failure in 21 aplastic anemia patients were studied by the colony-forming units in culture assay (CFU-C). Twelve patients had no detectable in-vitro defect that could be responsible for the low CFU-C numbers. Three patients had suppressor T cells that inhibited CFU-C (p less than 0.001); one of two patients responded to antithymocyte globulin therapy and the third recovered spontaneously. Three patients had serum inhibitory immunoglobulins directed against their marrow CFU-C; plasmapheresis resulted in recovery of bone marrow function. Three patients had abnormalities at the colony-stimulating factor level: Two had inhibitors of colony-stimulating factor, corrected in vitro and in vivo by indomethacin and cholinergic agonists (p less than 0.01); and the third had colony-stimulating factor generation defect, corrected in vitro and in vivo by lithium. Testing for cellular or humoral suppressor factors directed against precursor cells or for abnormalities at the colony-stimulating factor level gives helpful guidelines to therapy in aplastic anemia. PMID- 6972719 TI - Acute acquired toxoplasmosis. AB - A case of acute necrotizing retinitis with discrete involvement in the right posterior pole was followed undiagnosed until the patient developed endophthalmitis in the right eye, loss of consciousness, high fever, and a similar picture in the left eye. Treatment with sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, and steroids brought about a prompt resolution. When the patient died from an unrelated cause, histopathology was performed showing Toxoplasma gondii in the brain. PMID- 6972720 TI - [Maternal mortality (due to causes related to hemorrhagic states)]. PMID- 6972721 TI - [Combined oral retinoid and PUVA therapy in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy (author's transl)]. AB - Combined oral retinoid (RO 10.9359) and PUVA therapy were given to 107 patients with psoriasis, 9 of whom had psoriatic arthropathy. Treatment was started with the retinoid at a dose of 1 mg/kg day and PUVA therapy added after 2 weeks. No other treatment was given. In 100 patients the combined therapy achieved clearing of the lesions, including scalp lesions, in a shorter time and with less total joules/cm2 than a group treated by PUVA alone. The remaining 7 patients were not responding to PUVA alone but achieved clearing when the retinoid was added. Five patients out of 9 with psoriatic arthropathy responded to the combined therapy. Predictable mild side-effects from the retinoid were encountered. The teratogenic risk of retinoid therapy is emphasized. The value of combined retinoid-PUVA therapy in psoriasis is discussed. PMID- 6972722 TI - Complete sternectomy for chronic osteomyelitis with reconstruction using a rectus abdominis myocutaneous island flap. AB - We believe the rectus abdominis myocutaneous island flap offers a reliable alternative method of midchest reconstruction in selected cases of chronic osteomyelitis of the sternum, in conjunction with complete resection of injected sternal bone and cartilage. This single-stage procedure provides an en bloc unit of muscle with overlying skin and soft tissue, reaching from the xiphoid to the sternal notch. Three successful cases demonstrating the method are presented, with follow-up ranging from two months to two years. PMID- 6972723 TI - Bleeding oesophageal varices: the management of shunt rejects. AB - It is noted that the majority of patients with bleeding oesophageal varices are not suitable for portal-systemic shunting operations. In addition the high incidence of post-shunt encephalopathy has encouraged the use of a direct attack on the varices. The results of injection sclerotherapy in 170 patients and oesophageal transection in 60 patients demonstrate acceptable control of bleeding without precipitation of encephalopathy. PMID- 6972726 TI - 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and total 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human serum. AB - An assay procedure capable of determining 25(OH)D2 (25-hydroxyvitamin D2), 25(OH)D3 (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) and total 24,25(OH)2D (24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) in a single 2-5 ml sample of human serum is described. The assay involves methanol/chloroform extraction of serum lipids followed by separation of the mono and dihydroxyvitamin D metabolites and purification from interfering contaminants by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 are quantified by HPLC using UV detection. Total 24,25(OH)2D is routinely measured by a competitive protein binding (CPB) assay with human serum as a source of the binding protein. Mean values (+/- SD) in 16 normal human serum samples taken in October-November were: 25(OH)D2 5.1 +/- 2.2 ng/ml (12.8 +/- 5.5 nmol/l); 25(OH)D3 16.6 +/- 4.4 ng/ml (41.5 +/- 11.0 nmol/l); total 25(OH)D 21.7 +/- 4.9 ng/ml (54.3 +/- 12.3 nmol/l); total 24,25(OH)2D 1.6 +/- 0.6 ng/ml (3.8 +/- 1.4 nmol/l) and the ratio 24,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D 0.066 +/- 0.024. The ratio was 0.048 +/- 0.009 in women and 0.081 +/- 0.022 in men (p less than 0.002). Values in three serum samples taken from patients receiving vitamin D3 therapy were: 25(OH)D2 4.1 +/- 2.7 ng/ml (10.3 +/- 6.8 nmol/l); 25(OH)D3 46.6 +/- 20.9 ng/ml (116.5 +/- 52.3 nmol/l); total 24,25(OH)2D 3.4 +/- 1.9 ng/ml (8.2 +/- 4.6 nmol/l); 24,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D 0.075 +/- 0.022. PMID- 6972724 TI - Massive large-bowel haemorrhage. AB - Operative intervention for massive colonic haemorrhage is fortunately rarely necessary, but planned, low-risk segmental resections can only be performed if the bleeding site is known. This information can most frequently be obtained by using a combination of sigmoidoscopy, barium enema examination, and selective mesenteric angiography. PMID- 6972725 TI - Vein grafts for arterial repair: their success and reasons for failure. AB - This article reviews briefly the history of the use of vein grafts for arterial repair. It concentrates upon the various reports of success and failure rates with this procedure, particularly in coronary artery and femoropopliteal bypass operations, and compares the two. Special emphasis is given to the two major intrinsic reasons for graft failure: intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. Both of these are discussed with reference to the experimental evidence available to show the various factors that might be involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions. PMID- 6972727 TI - Efficacy of ampicillin therapy in experimental listeriosis in mice with impaired T-cell-mediated immune response. AB - The importance of intact host defense mechanisms for successful antimicrobial therapy was investigated via a comparison of the activities of ampicillin against experimental Listeria monocytogenes infections in normal mice and congenitally athymic (nude) mice. Nude mice were used for these experiments because recovery from infection with this organism depends on development of cellular immunity induced specifically by a T-cell-mediated reaction. When infections ampicillin per mouse (32 doses of 25 mg each), which is twenty times the dose required for a cure of infections in normal mice (8 doses of 5 mg each), would not cure infections in nude mice. With a reduction in inoculum to 10(5) colony-forming units, cures were obtained with a total ampicillin dose of 800 mg (32 doses of 25 mg each), but not with 400 mg (16 doses of 25 mg each). These studies show clearly that the efficacy of ampicillin against infections with L. monocytogenes is dependent upon intact host defense mechanisms. PMID- 6972728 TI - Comparison of in vitro activities of eight beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins against beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli. AB - In vitro activities of eight beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, moxalactam, SCE-1365, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, and cefsulodin, were compared against selected cephalothin-resistant or beta lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli or both. SCE-1365, cefotaxime, moxalactam, and ceftazidime had very similar activities against Enterobacteriaceae; SCE-1365 displayed the highest activity, and ceftazidime displayed the lowest activity. These four antibiotics were about 20 times more active than cefoperazone and 50 to 100 times more active than cefoxitin and cefuroxime. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the other Pseudomonas species, ceftazidime showed the highest activity by far, followed by cefsulodin and cefoperazone. A close parallel resistance against P. aeruginosa isolates was observed between piperacillin on the one hand and cefoperazone and cefsulodin on the other. PMID- 6972729 TI - Antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904), a beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin. AB - The in vitro activity of ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904), a parenteral cephalosporin, was compared with that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. the compound was less active against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis than was cephalothin or cefamandole, but it was comparable to cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and moxalactam in inhibiting most isolates of S. aureus at 3.1 microgram/ml. Ro 13 9904 inhibited Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae at concentrations below 0.25 microgram/ml, but Streptococcus faecalis required concentrations above 25 microgram/ml. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae were inhibited at concentrations similar to those of cefotaxime, less than 0.1 microgram/ml. Ro 13-9904 was as active as cefotaxime and moxalactam against most Enterobacteriaceae and was the most active agent tested against Proteus, inhibiting all strains tested at 0.006 microgram/ml. Ro 13-9904 was slightly less active than moxalactam or cefoxitin against Bacteroides fragilis, requiring more than 100 microgram/ml to inhibit 90% of isolates, and it was less active than cefoperazone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Presence of serum, alteration of pH, and use of various media did not change the inhibitory levels. Bactericidal concentrations were similar to inhibitory levels. Ro 13-9904 was stable to most plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases, but was hydrolyzed by some Enterobacter, Proteus, and Bacteroides beta-lactamases of chromosomal origin. PMID- 6972731 TI - Penicillin-binding proteins in Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of Haemophilus influenzae were studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Eight major PBPs, ranging in molecular weights from 90,000 to 27,000, were detected. The pattern of molecular weights was different from that determined fro Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A study on the binding of several beta-lactam antibodies to the PBPs at their minimal inhibitory concentrations and at lower and higher concentrations revealed that all had highest affinity for PBP 2. Amdinocillin (mecillinam) was an exception; it had highest affinity for PBP 3. The morphological effects of several penicillins, cephalosporins, and amdinocillin on H. influenzae were similar to those reported for E. coli. PMID- 6972730 TI - Antibacterial activity of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine in vivo and in vitro. AB - 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine (DDA) was shown not only to possess antibacterial activity in vitro against a variety of Enterobacteriaceae, but also to be effective in vivo, DDA was active in experimental mouse infections by the oral route against 5 Salmonella strains, 2 of 3 Arizona strains, 5 of 7 Citrobacter strains, 3 of 8 Klebsiella strains, 3 of 5 Escherichia strains, 1 of 3 Shigella strains, and 3 of 15 Serratia strains at concentrations generally well below the toxic level. Closely related compounds, with the exception of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine, were found to be inactive in vivo, indicating that a high degree of structural specificity was required for activity. The synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid was inhibited by DDA in those strains susceptible in vitro to DDA, whereas ribonucleic acid and protein syntheses were not affected. The concentration of DDA which inhibited bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by 50% was calculated based on the relative rates of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in ;the absence and in the presence of DDA. This value correlated well with the minimal inhibitory concentration determined by the in vitro broth dilution assay but not always with in vivo activity determined by the mouse protection test. PMID- 6972734 TI - beta-Lactamases and resistance to cephalosporins. PMID- 6972733 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Gardnerella vaginalis to high concentrations of sulfonamide compounds. AB - The excipients of triple sulfa vaginal tablets were ineffective against Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro. The three sulfonamides, however, were inhibitory, and minimal inhibitory concentration tests showed many strains to be susceptible to 25,000 mug of sulfacetamide per ml. PMID- 6972732 TI - Comparative efficacy and safety of nalidixic acid versus trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in treatment of acute urinary tract infections in college-age women. AB - One hundred and thirty-five college-age women with acute urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae were treated by random allocation with either nalidixic acid (NA), 1 g every 6 h for 7 days, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), 160/800 mg every 12 h for 10 days. The clinical and bacteriological cure rates were 98.0% in each group on the last day of therapy. At 1 and 4 week posttherapy, both the clinical and bacteriological cure rates for NA declined to 90.0 and 74.0% respectively; for TMP/SMZ, they declined to 93.0 and 72.0% respectively. By 4 weeks posttherapy, 96.0% of the TMP/SMZ group and 93.0% of the NA group had remained free of the initial urinary pathogens. Neither drug was associated with emergence of resistant bacterial mutants in urine. The antibody-coated bacteria tested (ACBT) localized 31.5% of the infections of the kidney and 67.7% to the bladder. Upper tract symptoms did not correlate with the presence of a positive ACBT. The response to therapy was similar for the two regimens regardless of ACBT results. After treatment, the emergence of resistant Enterobacteriaceae in fecal flora was 1.1% in the NA group and 2.3% in the TMP/SMZ group. The incidences of drug reactions were 7.0% with NA and 6.3% and TMP/SMZ. PMID- 6972735 TI - Light-induced red shift of the Qx absorption band of light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. PMID- 6972736 TI - Factitious lip crusting. AB - Four cases of factitious crusting of the lips in women are reported. Two of the women had hemorrhagic crusts, and two had keratotic yellow crusts. All four patients had personality disturbances. Biting, picking, or unconscious licking of the lips may be the underlying mechanism for trauma and crust formation. This entity should be distinguished from contact cheilitis, actinic cheilitis, infectious cheilitis glandularis, and cheilitis granulomatosa. Some cases of exfoliative cheilitis may also be factitious. The presence of bizarre hemorrhagic or keratotic crusts on the lips should alert the clinician to a possible factitious origin, and a psychiatric evaluation should be done. PMID- 6972737 TI - Remarks on early versus late lichen planus. PMID- 6972739 TI - Clinical laboratory results of vanadium-exposed workers. AB - Vanadium pentoxide exposure and its effect on select hematologic and chemical laboratory tests for workers exposed to 0.2-0.5 mg/m3 vanadium was studied. No association was found between vanadium exposure and the results of laboratory tests. The values of some chemical laboratory tests differed from those of controls. These findings, however, were not considered to be clinically significant because the mean values differed only slightly from each other. Hematologic tests showed no abnormalities when the concentration of vanadium in the factory air was 0.01-0.04 mg/m3. PMID- 6972738 TI - Enzyme polymorphism of dermal lymphocytes in mycosis fungoides. PMID- 6972741 TI - Immune complexes, rheumatoid factors, and cellular immunological parameters in patients with giant cell arteritis. AB - Circulating immune complexes were found in 2 of 15 patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) by using a solid phase Clq enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence in controls was 5%. Rheumatoid factor could be demonstrated in 2 out of 27 patients and in 11% of the controls by using a similar ELISA technique. The prevalence of T cells in blood was similar in 25 patients with GCA and in controls. The blood lymphocyte blastogenic response to the mitogens, phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin-A, and pokeweed mitogen did not differ in 25 untreated patients compared with controls. Stimulation of lymphocytes by arterial homogenates was tested in 8 patients. In no case could a significant simulation by obtained. We conclude that immune complexes and rheumatoid factors are present in the same low frequency in GCA patients as in the normal population, and that the studied parameters of cellular immunity appear to be normal. PMID- 6972740 TI - Immunohistochemical location of proteins related to pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) and placental tissue proteins (PP5, PP8, PP9, PP10, PP11, PP12) in the afterbirth of Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The occurrence and location of proteins antigenically related to human pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) and to human placental tissue proteins (PP5, PP8, PP9, PP10, PP11, PP12) were studied in the afterbirth (placenta, membranes, decidua, and umbilical cord) of cynomolgus monkeys with use of an immunoglobulin enzyme bridge (PAP) technique. The results were basically the same throughout pregnancy. The syncytiotrophoblast of villi showed clear positive stainings for SP1, PP8, PP9, and PP11, whereas the cytotrophoblast (villi) was found to show clear positive staining for PP9 only. The main sources of proteins related to SP1, PP9, and PP11 were the syncytiotrophoblast cells of the villi and PP8, the syncytiotrophoblast cells of villi as well as the chorionic trophoblast cells. PP12 was mainly located in histiocytes found in the decidua, umbilical cord, amnion, and chorion. There were only traces of PP5 and PP10 in the placentae of cynomolgus monkeys throughout gestation. As in human placentae some granulocyte like blood cells in the intervillous space were strongly positive for PP8, PP10, and PP12. The findings in the afterbirth of cynomolgus monkeys were similar to those in the human; the monkey could thus serve as a model for the investigation of the new placental proteins. PMID- 6972743 TI - [Retrospective study of rheumatic diseases at the University Clinic at Kinshasa, Zaire]. PMID- 6972742 TI - HLA DR4 and rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese people. AB - Eighty-eight Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 104 normal Japanese persons were typed for HLA A, B, C, and DR antigens. The frequency of HLA DR4 was 70.5% in patients compared with 46.1% in normal controls (P less than 0.001). However, a sex difference in the frequency of HLA DR4 in patients was noted. HLA DR4 was found in 80.6% of male patients, which was highly significant compared with controls (P less than 0.0005), while only a borderline increase of 60.5% was found in female patients (P less than 0.05). In addition, the frequency of HLA DR2 was remarkably low in male patients. These suggest the possible heterogeneity of rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese. PMID- 6972744 TI - Influence of left ventricular aneurysm on survival following the coronary bypass operation. AB - Patients having coronary bypass and aneurysm resection (N = 40) or aneurysm plication (N = 32) were compared with patients having coronary bypass without aneurysm (N = 2782). Unlike other series, the primary indication for surgery in the aneurysm patients was angina pectoris, with heart failure playing a secondary role. Multivessel disease was present in 83% of the patients with aneurysm. Total occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery was more prevalent in the group of patients who had aneurysmectomy (75%) than in rhe group of patients who had plication (38%), and more grafts/patient could be performed in the plication group (2.6 vs 2.0). Location of the aneurysm was most often anteroapical (N = 55) and infrequently inferior (N = 6). Septal wall motion was akinetic or aneurysmal in 47% of the aneurysmectomy group, and 10% of the plication group. Postoperative requirements for inotropes or intra-aortic balloon assist was much higher in the aneurysm group (aneurysmectomy or plication) than in patients without aneurysm having bypass. Hospital mortality for aneurysm patients was 2.7% versus 1.4% in patients without aneurysms having coronary bypass. The actuarial survival rate at 42 months for all aneurysm patients was 90%. Improvement in anginal symptoms after plication and coronary bypass (96%) was more frequent than with aneurysmectomy and coronary bypass (76%) and this was attributed to larger viable muscle mass and greater revascularization. Although two-thirds of patients having surgery for aneurysms had improvement in heart failure symptoms after operation, 30% of those having aneurysmectomies and 35% of those having plications said they were unimproved after surgery. However, this could be explained by the finding that a significant number (35% of the aneurysmectomy and 45% of the plication group) were in heart failure Class I prior to operation. Hospital mortality has been progressively reduced and late survival increased by the surgical treatment of left ventricular aneurysm, primarily through early operation at a time when coronary bypass can be used as an adjunct to aneurysm resection or plication. PMID- 6972745 TI - Critical analysis of the preoperative and operative predictors of aortocoronary bypass patency. AB - A prospective analysis of the angiographic and operative anatomic and reconstructive variables that influenced graft patency was undertaken at the University of Virginia Medical Center in 50 consecutive patients. Postoperative restudy showed that 18 of the 168 grafts performed were occluded due to venous disease, inadequate run-off, or sequential design error. Angiographic artery size was 27% larger than operative estimations; graft patency significantly increased with increasing distal artery diameter, with decreasing venous conduit diameter, and with good graftability rating of the vessels preoperatively. Ejection fraction, the degree of arterial stenosis, and the source of the saphenous vein conduit (the thigh or the lower leg) had no influence on graft patency. Simple grafts had a 96% patency, while sequential grafts had an 80% patency. When design error for sequential grafts was eliminated, the sequential patency rate rose to 88%. For revascularization of small circumflex vessels, consideration should be given to variation in the sequential grafting technique to improve patency in these vessels. PMID- 6972746 TI - Digoxin and propranolol in the prophylaxis of supraventricular tachydysrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Supraventricular tachydysrhythmia is a bothersome and potentially harmful occurrence after coronary artery bypass graft operation (CABG). Use of digoxin prophylaxis preoperatively has yielded conflicting results in lowering the incidence of supraventricular tachydysrhythmia. In this study, three groups of patients were formed. Group 1 served as the control; no prophylactic medication was given. Group 2 was given digoxin prophylaxis beginning immediately after operation. Group 3 received digoxin postoperatively as did Group 2, plus orally administered propranolol beginning on postoperative day 2. No difference in the incidence of supraventricular tachydysrhythmia was found between Groups 1 and 2 (28.2% versus 28.9%). However, the incidence in Group 3 was 2.2%, and this represented a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.005) compared with either Group or 2. The combined use of digoxin and propranolol postoperatively significantly reduced the incidence of supraventricular tachydysrhythmia after CABG. PMID- 6972747 TI - Nonrandomized matched pair analysis of intermittent ischemic arrest versus potassium crystalloid cardioplegia during myocardial revascularization. AB - The quest for the ideal method of myocardial preservation during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery continues at a rapid pace. Nevertheless, in the present clinical practice of cardiac surgery, the choice is chiefly between hypothermic intermittent ischemic arrest and hypothermic potassium cardioplegia. This study applies newer technics in radionuclear cardiology, as well as more conventional enzymatic, electrocardiographic, and hemodynamic determinations, to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the previously mentioned modes of myocardial protection. Serial assessments are made preoperatively as well as during the first ten days postoperatively. We find that the perioperative incidence of myocardial damage and changes in left ventricular performance are almost identical using either method in patients with relatively normal preoperative left ventricular performance who do not have severe preoperative refractory ischemia or necrosis. PMID- 6972748 TI - Aortocoronary Gore-Tex graft: 18-month patency. AB - Despite widespread success with Gore-Tex (polytetrafluoroethylene) vascular grafts in peripheral artery operations, very little use has been made of this material in aortocoronary bypasses. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with a 6-month history of angina who was found to have no suitable saphenous vein available at operation and who therefore underwent Gore-Tex bypass grafting to the right coronary artery. Coronary angiograms made 6 months and 18 months postoperatively showed patency of the 6 mm Gore-Tex replacement graft as well as the internal mammary artery placed to the left anterior descending coronary artery. Although frequent follow-up and close observation are recommended in patients with aortocoronary Gore-Tex grafting, the unique design of this material has made it the best alternative for synthetic coronary bypass conduit in the absence of the saphenous veins, particularly when these veins are found to be inadequate only at the time of operation. PMID- 6972751 TI - Single right coronary artery: clinical and angiographic findings with surgical management. AB - Sudden death, myocardial infarction, and anginal syndrome have occurred in patients with single right coronary artery even in the absence of occlusive arteriosclerotic disease. We are reporting the case of a patient with this anomaly without concomitant arteriosclerotic involvement who was managed surgically. A 46-year-old woman was seen with disabling angina of 8 months' duration. Coronary arteriography established the diagnosis of a single right coronary artery. An aorta-anterior descending saphenous vein bypass graft was performed, and the patient remains asymptomatic 29 months postoperatively. Single right coronary artery is a rare anomaly, and its recognition as a potentially dangerous lesion is essential for the prompt and proper care of patients. PMID- 6972749 TI - Coronary bypass for relief of persistent pain following acute myocardial infarction. AB - Between January, 1976, and April, 1980, 116 patients had urgent myocardial revascularization for clinical instability within 30 days of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Group 1 (8 patients) had coronary bypass grafting within 24 hours of acute MI; Group 2 (20 patients) had coronary bypass grafting 2 to 7 days after acute MI; and Group 3 (88 patients) had coronary bypass grafting 8 to 30 days after infarction. Indications for operation were persistent or recurrent pain (81%), pain plus ventricular arrhythmias (12%), and pain plus compelling anatomy. The incidence of single-vessel, triple-vessel, and left main coronary artery disease was 28%, 31%, and 12%, respectively. There were no hospital deaths in the series. The incidence of inotropic requirements, postoperative intraaortic balloon pumping, ventricular arrhythmias, and perioperative infarction was higher in patients operated on within 7 days of acute MI than for patients having coronary bypass grafting after this time. There have been 5 late deaths during a mean follow-up of 14 months. Actuarial survival was 97% at 18 months. Seventy-one percent of patients are presently pain free. Graft patency was 84% in 17 patients recatheterized after coronary bypass grafting and in 14 patients, grafts placed into the area of infarction were patent. This study suggests that the frequency of perioperative complications will be increased in patients operated on within one week of MI, but after this period, coronary bypass grafting can be accomplished with the same morbidity as the of elective operation. PMID- 6972750 TI - Use of cold cardioplegic solution for vein graft distention and preservation: a light and scanning electron microscopic study. AB - To evaluate the effect of a cardioplegic solution on the endothelium of the saphenous vein, portions of this vein were harvested from each of 5 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operation. Each sample was divided into five segments. One segment was distended with heparinized saline solution, one with heparinized blood, and one with heparinized cardioplegic solution (25 mEq of potassium per liter). All of the distending solutions were kept at 10 degrees C, and pressure was carefully limited to 200 mm Hg. The fourth segment of vein was distended with heparinized saline solution but no effort was made to limit distending pressure, and the fifth segment was not distended. All samples were then examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. There were no great morphological differences in the endothelium of veins distended to 200 mm Hg with saline solution, blood, or cardioplegic solution. The morphology of these samples compared favorably with the control vein endothelium although scattered areas of endothelial disruption were present in every sample. Veins distended without pressure control showed massive endothelial disruption. The particular solution used to distend the sephenous veins is not as important as limiting the distending pressure. PMID- 6972754 TI - Screening for ampicillin resistant Hemophilus influenzae and penicillin resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae in healthy carriers. AB - 800 samples of pharyngeal exudate were taken from healthy children and 28 healthy intrafamilial contacts of children with meningitis caused by H. influenzae type b. H. influenzae type be was isolated in 8.7 per cent of nursery children, H. influenzae type e in 0.12 per cent and non typifiable H. influenzae in 5.8 per cent. On intrafamilial contacts, 32 per cent had H. influenzae type b and non typifiable in 3.5 per cent. Percent age of ampicillin resistant H. influenzae type b was 14 per cent. No strains were found resistant to chloramphenicol. S. pneumoniae was isolated in 37 per cent of pharyngeal exudate samples. 25.5 per cent of strains tested were penicillin sensitive; 74.5 per cent has a decrease sensitivity. Based on these results we consider chloramphenicol to the the first drug of choice for treatment of severe H. influenzae infections and penicillin for S. pneumoniae infections recommending in the latter higher doses when dealing with central nervous system infections. PMID- 6972753 TI - Trimellitic anhydride Toxicity. A cause of acute multisystem failure. AB - A person exposed to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) an epoxy resin widely used in industry, experienced respiratory failure, anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding. A lung biopsy specimen demonstrated intra-alveolar hemorrhage and damage to alveolar lining cells. The patient and six co-workers were examined. Results indicated the presence of hemolytic antibodies directed against TMA-haptenized erythrocytes, IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies directed against TMA-erythrocyte complexes, and antibodies against TMA-human serum albumin. Antibody levels in the patient were greater than in the co-workers. The elevated antibody levels demonstrate the antigenic potential of TMA. However, the cause of the pulmonary and hematologic damage remains uncertain and may represent either immunologic or direct toxic effects of TMA. In patients with multisystem failure of this nature, occupational hazards should be added to the differential diagnosis. PMID- 6972755 TI - Ventricular dimensions of the brain in premature and full-term infants. AB - A total of 120 computed tomographic scans of the brain in premature and full-term infants were reviewed. Of these, 28 were judged to exhibit normal ventricular dimensions, and the bifrontal, bicaudate, and bioccipital indices of the lateral ventricles were determined. The bifrontal and bicaudate indices followed a Gaussian distribution, with mean values of 0.28 +/- 0.07 (SD) and 0.15 +/- 0.03 (SD), respectively, whereas the bioccipital index was uniform in its distribution (range, 0.13 to 0.26). For comparison, corresponding indices were determined in scans of ten infants with clinical evidence of hydrocephalus. Based on these data, guidelines are suggested to distinguish normal and abnormal ventricular dimensions in newborn infants. PMID- 6972752 TI - Use of silicone rubber to facilitate shunt takedown. AB - The takedown of systemic-pulmonary artery shunts at the time of corrective operation is time-consuming and potentially dangerous because of adhesions at the previous operative site. A method of facilitating shunt takedown is described in which a strip of silicone rubber is used to surround the subclavian artery or polytetrafluoroethylene graft interposed between the subclavian artery and the pulmonary artery. The ends of the strip are left loosely attached to the anterior mediastinum so that an adhesion-free plane is left between the strips down to the shunt. The experience of the Yale University School of Medicine with this technique in 14 patients is described. Five underwent reoperation, at which time the silicone rubber strip facilitated access to the shunt and shunt takedown. PMID- 6972756 TI - Otolaryngology and von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6972759 TI - Ischaemic heart disease in the eighties. PMID- 6972758 TI - The ultrastructure of T and B lymphocytes in recurrent apthous ulceration of the buccal mucosa. AB - The purpose of the present study was to classify lymphocytes in the buccal mucosa of patients affected with recurrent apthous ulceration. Two lymphocytes were identified. The B lymphocyte was characterized by an extensive Golgi complex, an extensive tubular rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, and an extensive canalicular system. Usually the nucleus was electron lucent except for perinuclear condensation of chromatin. The T lymphocyte had a moderately developed Golgi complex, absent or poorly developed rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and considerably more heterochromatin (perinuclear) than the B lymphocyte. Uropods were associated with the T lymphocyte and exerted cytotoxic effects on basal and suprabasal cells. PMID- 6972757 TI - [SP1 beta 1-glycoprotein and vesicular mole]. PMID- 6972760 TI - Mobius syndrome in a patient with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6972761 TI - Visual-vestibular interactions: the directional component of visual background movement. AB - Legibility of a head-fixed display and visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were found to be superior when vestibular stimuli and optokinetic stimuli were of like direction (i.e. would produce the same directions of nystagmus) and inferior when they were opposite in direction. Velocities (relating to the head) of peripheral optokinetic stimuli ranging between -18 degrees/s and +180 degrees/s interacted effectively with vestibular stimuli to influence visibility of a head-fixed display. This indicates that peripheral optokinetic stimulation can influence visual suppression of the VOR at velocities that far surpass effective production of optokinetic nystagmus. PMID- 6972763 TI - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases serum levels of the vitamin K-dependent bone protein. PMID- 6972762 TI - Analysis of malate dehydrogenase isozymes from anuran amphibian ovary by isoelectric focusing. AB - The isozymes patterns of ovarian malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from various anuran amphibian series were analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF). Extensive variability was observed in both the soluble (sMDH) and mitochondrial (mMDH) patterns with as few as two and as many nine bands being visualized in different species. The mean pIs for sMDH ranged from 4.5 to 8.3 and those for mMDH fell between 5.1 and 8.2. The sMDHs are considerably more heat labile in Rana species living in northern latitudes compared to those from southern states. Inhibition with p-chlormercuribenzoate (PCMB) revealed the importance of sulfhydryl groups for the activity of sMDHs, while the functional requirement for these groups in mMDHs appears to be of lesser importance. Observations from these studies lend support to the accumulating evidence that Rana pipiens from such southern locations as New Mexico may have undergone speciation. PMID- 6972764 TI - Selective lymphocyte deficiency in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Prior studies have shown that in vitro infection with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is able to induce IgM rheumatoid factor production by normal lymphocytes, with a higher degree of production by seropositive rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes. The present investigation demonstrates that EBV-infected lymphocytes from patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis produce in vitro significantly less IgM rheumatoid factor than do normal lymphocytes. The results suggest that the peripheral blood of seronegative patients is deficient in the rheumatoid factor precursor B cells responsive to stimulation by Epstein Barr virus. PMID- 6972765 TI - Immunogenetic control of experimental type II collagen-induced arthritis. I. Susceptibility and resistance among inbred strains of rats. AB - Seven inbred rat strains were tested for susceptibility to experimental type II collagen-induced arthritis and for development of cellular immunity to type II collagen by delayed hypersensitivity skin testing. WF (RT1u), LEW (RT1l), and DA (RT1a) were the most susceptible of the strains tested with respect to incidence (greater than 95%) and severity of disease. LEW and DA were strongly skin test reactive to calf type II collagen. BUF (RT1b) developed moderate skin test responses to calf type II collagen and showed low susceptibility to collagen arthritis (1/8). MAXX (RT1n), LEW.B3 (RT1nvl), and AUG (RT1c) were not susceptible to collagen arthritis and showed negative to very weak skin test responses to type II collagen. Disease susceptibility was inherited as a dominant trait in the F1 progeny of (WF X LEW.B3) matings. These data suggest that clinical expression of experimental collagen-induced arthritis and immune responsiveness to type II collagen are controlled in part by genes within or closely linked to the rat major histocompatibility complex--RT1. PMID- 6972766 TI - Low molecular weight IgM in rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. AB - Low molecular weight (LMW) IgM was measured in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases. High levels were seen in RA, particularly in rheumatoid vasculitis and Felty's syndrome, and significant correlations occurred between LMW IgM and the rheumatoid factor (RF) level and other indices that reflected active or severe disease. LMW IgM-RF, measured by radioimmunoassay in those column fractions containing LMW IgM, correlated significantly with LMW IgM (P less than 0.005); preliminary experiments suggested that in some sera, a considerable proportion of the LMW IgM consisted of LMW IgM-RF. We conclude that LMW IgM and LMW IgM-RF may have important implications in the immunopathogenesis of RA and other rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6972767 TI - Lymphokine-mediated suppression of chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan and protein synthesis. AB - Spontaneously released and T cell mitogen augmented lymphokine produced by human mononuclear cells has been shown to induce a concentration dependent reversible suppression of chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan and protein synthesis without significantly enhancing chondrocyte catabolic activity. The modulatory factor(s) is of T cell origin and is trypsin, pronase, and heat sensitive. Prostaglandin inhibitors failed to influence factor formation or activity. Although eluting from Sephadex G-100 over a wide range, peak activity had an approximate molecular weight of 53,000 and appeared distinct from recognized forms of lymphotoxin. PMID- 6972769 TI - HLA-DR specificities among Japanese with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6972770 TI - [Structure and conformation-activity relationships of cyclic acetylcholine analogues / 12th communication: Synthesis and cholinergic properties of stereoisomeric 3-acetoxythiacyclohexanes (author's transl)]. AB - In the course of investigations of structure and conformation-activity relationships of cyclic acetylcholine analogues, both the enantiomers of trans-3 acetoxy-1-methylthioniacyclohexane were prepared. These two esters and the corresponding racemate of the cis-ester were tested for nicotine- and muscarine like activity. The stereoisomeric cyclic analogues differ substantially in pharmacological activity. The cis-sulfonium ester shows the highest nicotinic potency (1/25 the nicotinic potency of acetylcholine), and the (+)-trans-ester has no agonistic properties when tested at nicotinic receptors, but it shows the highest muscarinic potency in this series. PMID- 6972768 TI - Increased frequency of HLA-DR5 in scleroderma. PMID- 6972771 TI - [Synthesis and physico-chemical properties of lonazolac-Ca, a new antiphlogistic/antirheumatic agent]. AB - Calcium-[3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylpyrazole-4]-acetate (Lonazolac-Ca, active principle of Irritren) is a new antiinflammatory/antirheumatic agent whose synthesis and physico-chemical properties are described. The physical parameters measured (pKa, partition coefficient P, saturation concentration Cs, surface activity, protein binding) are held against the corresponding values of indomethacin, diclofenac, and phenylbutazone. The size of the permeability coefficient PM of the passive transport through artificial phospholipid collodion membranes as well as the invasion curves calculated from PM indicate a good absorption of lonazolac in man. PMID- 6972772 TI - [Lonazolac-Ca = Calcium [3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylpyrazole-4[ -acetate 1 Pharmacological properties of a new antiinflammatory/antirheumatic drug (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972774 TI - [Serum tumor markers in lung neoplasms (correlation with histological types)]. AB - The AA. have tested serum levels of ferritin, alpha-1-antitripsyn, C4 and Phosphohexoseisomerase (PHI) in 50 patients affected by primary lung cancer, 40 patients affected by chronic lung diseases and a control group of 40 healthy males and females. All the test have a percentage of pathological case higher in the group of neoplasms than in the group of chronic diseases and ferritin seems to have the highest sensitivity. Obtained results have been correlated also to the morphoradiological and histological kind of neoplasm. "Peripheral" morphoradiological kind and III WHO histological kind are the group with more pathological cases. All the data have been statistically controlled. PMID- 6972773 TI - The involvement of brain amines in pinealectomy-induced convulsions in the gerbil: I. Serotonin. AB - Pharmacological induction of changes in the serotonergic system was used to study the involvement of telencephalic serotonin (5-HT) in pinealectomy (PX) induced convulsions in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). The reactions of the catecholamines norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) to both PX and drug treatment were also studied. Serotonin is apparently of little importance in the PX-induced convulsion since the artificial elevation by administration of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan, or depression by treatment with p chloramphetamine, of telencephalic 5-HT had little effect on the convulsions. In other models for the study of epilepsy, lowered 5-HT results in an increase in seizure intensity. In this study, as in previous ones, telencephalic NE was repeatedly and significantly lowered after PX. None of the serotonergic drugs resulted in changes in NE. Data such as presented here are supportive of previous reports which indicate that a depression of NE facilitates convulsions. PMID- 6972777 TI - A T-lymphocyte role in Dexter-type marrow cultures. PMID- 6972775 TI - [Some aspects of CT findings of the acute stage in hypertensive supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhages related to their prognosis quoad vitam --a retrospective study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972776 TI - Erythroid colony growth in vitro from human peripheral blood null cells: evidence for regulation by T-lymphocytes and monocytes. AB - Colony assays in methylcellulose of primitive erythroid precursors (BFU-E) were carried out from the null cell fraction of normal human peripheral blood lymphoid cells. There was little proliferation or maturation of BFU-E as assessed by both the number and the size of colonies formed, when null cells alone were cultured. Culture of null cells with up to 8 X 10(5) autologous T-lymphocytes per ml led to considerable stimulation of colony growth and maturation. Culture of null cells with peripheral blood monocytes also resulted in the indication of BFU-E growth, although the response was inferior to the seen with T-cells. Co-culture of null cells together with both T-cells and monocytes resulted in a uniformly greater response than with either alone, and this was shown to be due to a positive interaction between these two cell types. PMID- 6972778 TI - Acquired von Willebrand's disease caused by a chronic granulocytic leukaemia. PMID- 6972779 TI - Quantitation of red blood cell-bound C3d in normal subjects and random hospitalized patients. AB - A sensitive radiolabelled anti-antiglobulin method was devised and applied to quantitating red blood cell-bound C3d (RBC-C3d) in samples from 174 normal blood donors. C3d was demonstrable on all RBC examined; 98% of values fell over a broad range, with the highest values being approximately 3.5 X the lowest values (equivalent to 50-160 molecules of C3d per cell). RBC-C3d did not correlate with sex or age (over 18-65 years); indirect evidence suggests that values for the paediatric age group will fall in the same normal range. Studies on samples obtained weekly for 10-12 weeks from six adult males and six adult females indicated stable levels of RBC-C3 for individual subjects; i.e. high normals, mid normals and low normals remained in their characteristic range levels over the period of observation. For comparison, RBC-C3d was measured in samples from 313 randomly selected hospitalized adult patients. 33% of the values were above the normal range; 8% were elevated to a level likely to have been detectable by a direct anti-C3d antiglobulin test. The great majority of elevated values occurred in patients not ordinarily considered to have autoimmune conditions. The results provide background for studies of the aetiology and significance of RBC-C3d in health and disease. PMID- 6972780 TI - Individual differences in life-style response to coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Fifty-three patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery 12 to 27 months previously were given four standard personality questionnaires and asked to write about the main effects the operation had on their life-styles. These responses were then content analysed. Although hierarchical grouping analysis indicated that the responses could best be classified into four groups, only three distinct response profiles emerged. The first group described mainly adverse consequences of surgery; the other three groups described the effects of surgery as beneficial. Personality test data suggested that individual personality and coping style considerably influence a patient's perception of surgical outcome, and that this perception is largely independent of cardiac symptoms. PMID- 6972781 TI - Male pseudohermaphroditism with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 6972784 TI - Characteristics of an aminohydrolase distinct from adenosine deaminase in cultured human lymphoblasts. AB - An inherited deficiency of adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) is associated with an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Affected patients exhibit markedly reduced or absent adenosine deaminating activity in various tissues. In this study we have demonstrated the presence of a low level aminohydrolase activity in 11 different normal and adenosine deaminase-deficient lymphoblast cell lines which is apparently distinct from normal adenosine deaminase. Based on enzymatic, physical and immunoreactive properties, this lymphoblast aminohydrolase does not appear to be related to adenosine deaminase and is most likely coded for by a different gene locus. In future investigations designed to characterize mutant forms of adenosine deaminase, it will be important to distinguish this lymphoblast aminohydrolase activity from putative products of the adenosine deaminase gene locus. PMID- 6972783 TI - Synthesis and characterization of the dinucleoside monophosphates containing 2' fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine. AB - Three dinucleoside monophosphates containing 2'-fluor-2'-deoxyadenosine (dAfl), dAfl-dAfl, dAfl-A, and A-dAfl, were synthesized chemically. Characterization of these dimers has been performed by UV absorption, CD, and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The results showed that all three dimers have a stacked conformation with a geometry similar to that of A-A but with greater extent of base-base over-lapping than A-A. This interpretation is verified by the data of chemical shifts and coupling constants of 1H NMR study on these dimers (D. M. Cheng, L. S. Kan, P. O. P. Ts'o. S. Uesugi, Y. Takatsuka, and M. Ikehara unpublished data). All three dimers form 2U.1A complexes with poly(uridylic acid). The Tm of dAfl dAfl.2poly(U) is higher than that of dAfl-A.2poly(U), which in turn is higher than that of A-dAfl.2poly(U). The NMR results clearly indicate that the conformation of the furanose of dAfl moiety in these dimers is more favored toward 3'-endo than 2'-endo puckering in comparison with the adenosine. The effects of 3' substituents on oligo- and polynucleotide conformation are also discussed. PMID- 6972782 TI - Candida endophthalmitis and infection of costal cartilages. PMID- 6972785 TI - Spectro-temporal receptive fields of auditory neurons in the grassfrog. III. Analysis of the stimulus-event relation for natural stimuli. AB - The stimulus-event relation of single units in the auditory midbrain area, the torus semicircularis, of the anaesthetized grassfrog (Rana temporaria L.) during stimulation with a wide ensemble of natural stimuli, was analysed using first and second order statistical analysis techniques. The average stimulus preceding the occurrence of action potentials, in general, did not prove to give very informative results. The second order procedure consisted in the determination of the average dynamic power spectrum of the pre-event stimuli, following procedures as described elsewhere (Aertsen and Johannesma, 1980' Aertsen et al., 1980). The outcome of this analysis was filtered with the overall power spectrum of the complete stimulus ensemble in order to correct for its non-uniform spectral composition. The "stimulus-filtered" average pre-event dynamic spectrum gives a first indication of the "spectro-temporal receptive field" of a neuron under natural stimulus conditions. Results for a limited number of recordings are presented and, globally, compared to the outcome of an analogous analysis of experiments with tonal stimuli. PMID- 6972786 TI - [Calcium binding by rat small intestine epithelium microvilli at different contents of vitamin D]. AB - Vitamin D does not essentially affect the association constants and the number of sites of Ca2+ binding by small intestine epithelium microvilli. Ca2+ binding to the lipids isolated from the microvilli is similar to Ca2+ binding by intact microvilli in some parameters, e. g. existence of two types of binding sites, values of association constants and number of sites. This is in agreement with the assumption on the possible role of phospholipids in the mechanism of Ca2+ binding by the microvilli. The deficiency of vitamin D does not affect Ca2+ binding by microvilli lipids. The data obtained suggest that the insufficiency of Ca2+ transport in the intestine under vitamin D deficiency probably affects Ca2+ transfer processes other than Ca2+ binding to the microvilli membrane. PMID- 6972787 TI - [Effect of iontophoretic application of acetylcholine on the discharge rate and action potential shape of pacemaker cells]. AB - A study was made of the action of iontophoretic application of acetylcholine to the limited number of pacemaker cells with a simultaneous recording of the activity of one of them. It was shown that both generalized and strictly localized action of acetylcholine is capable of exerting different chronotropic effects. Acceleration of the rhythm was normally accompanied by an increase in the rate of accretion of slow diastolic depolarization (SDD) and by a decrease in the action potential. The same pacemaker cell was demonstrated to modulate the direction of the chronotropic reaction for an opposite one depending on acetyl choline concentration. Low concentration of the mediator induced rhythm acceleration and an increase in the accretion rate of SDD whereas high concentration led to rhythm deceleration and SDD lowering. PMID- 6972788 TI - Clonal analysis of the response of human myeloid leukemic cell lines to colony stimulating activity. AB - The recent development of two continuously proliferating human myeloid leukemic cell lines (HL-60 and KG-1) that response to CSA provides an opportunity for a detailed study of the interaction of CSA with leukemic myeloid cells. Here we report on the colony-forming ability of HL-60 and KG-1 over an extended culture life of the cells. Several different sources of human CSA of different stages of purity enhanced colony formation of these cells. CSA, obtained from conditioned media from an SV-40 transformed human trophoblast, was partially purified, and its activity for normal bone marrow copurified with the activity that stimulated HL-60 colony formation. Over 100 clones of HL-60 were developed and tested for their response to CSA. All responded to CSA by showing an increase in colony size and number. However, none of the colonies formed from any of the 100 clones differentiated in response to CSA despite the fact that many chemical can induce differentiation of HL-60. since HL-60 forms spontaneous colonies without the addition of any exogenous stimulating factors, HL-60 conditioned media and cell extracts were tested for the production by these cells of their own endogenous growth-promoting activity (such as a CSA-like molecule). No growth-promoting endogenous activity was found that stimulated normal bone marrow or HL-60 colony formation even after concentration and fractionation methods were employed. These experiments suggest that: (1) the effect of CSA markedly favors proliferation over differentiation in these cell lines; (2) CSA is unlikely to suppress growth of the age of the type of leukemic myeloid cells that HL-60 and KG-1 represent; and (3) if HL-60 cells produce their own growth-promoting factor it is not detectable in the media. PMID- 6972789 TI - Growth hormone stimulation of normal and leukemic human T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. AB - In order to investigate the effect of human growth hormone on T lymphocytes, we utilized a clonogenic assay for mitogen-responsive human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were purified by density gradient centrifugation and incubated in the presence of phytohemagglutinin using a two-layer agar technique for CFU- T-lymphocyte culture. Nanogram concentrations of human growth hormone, ovine prolactin, human chorionic somatomammotropin, or growth hormone fragment were added to cell cultures. Growth hormone potentiated normal T-cell colony formation in a species-specific manner. Cells from a homogeneous T-lymphoblast line derived from a patient with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia also showed augmentation of colony growth in the presence of human growth hormone. These studies provide evidence for a direct effect of growth hormone on normal and some neoplastic human T cells. PMID- 6972791 TI - Characterization of B-cell leukemias: a tentative immunomorphological scheme. PMID- 6972790 TI - Identification of T lymphocytes in human mixed hemopoietic colonies. AB - The addition of a T-cell growth-promoting medium (PHA-TCM) to culture conditions that support growth of multi-lineage hemopoietic colonies enhances the proliferation of cells with lymphoid morphology within these colonies. These cells were identified as T lymphocytes by their ability to form rosettes with SRBC and their reaction with monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4) directed against T-cell-specific surface components. They continue to proliferate extensively under the influence of PHA-TCM after transfer of mixed colonies into liquid suspension culture. Supportive evidence for a common progenitor of myeloid and lymphoid cells within single mixed colonies is provided by Y-chromatin body analysis of E-rosette positive and negative cells in colonies grown in cocultures of male and female bone marrow cells. PMID- 6972794 TI - Occult bleeding from Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 6972793 TI - Long term follow-up of interposition mesocaval shunting in portal hypertension. AB - The long term results of 28 interposition mesocaval shunts performed between 1971 and 1975 are analysed over a follow-up period of 5-9 years. There were 6 emergency operations and 22 elective operations, with an overall operative mortality of 14.3 per cent and a 5-year survival for the complete series of 31.5 per cent (class A patients 55.5 per cent, class B 33 per cent and class C 0 per cent). Shunt patency at 7 months was 95 per cent but by 5 years this had fallen to 53 per cent. Further variceal bleeding occurred in 6 patients (31.5 per cent) in 4 of whom shunt occlusion was confirmed. PMID- 6972792 TI - Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) can eliminate platelet refractoriness. AB - Of the 14 patients with aplastic anaemia treated in our hospital with anti thymocyte globulin (ATG), four were refractory to random platelets before therapy due to the presence of leucocyte antibodies. In contrast to the ten nonrefractory patients in whom no success was obtained, three of the four refractory patients showed haematological improvement after ATG. Additionally, two patients could be substituted again with random platelets. The other two hardly needed platelet transfusions after ATG, and they were given HLA-compatible platelets. To determine the degree of immunosuppression, these four patients were tested for the presence of antibodies against leucocytes and two endemic viruses, i.e., mumps and rubella virus. Before ATG, all sera reacted with almost the whole leucocyte testpanel. After treatment, the leucocyte antibodies disappeared completely in three patients. In one patient there was no dramatic change. In all patients, however, the antibody-titre against the mumps and rubella viruses remained constant and there was only a slight decrease in total IgG content in the three "suppressed" patients. We conclude that it might be worthwhile to study systematically the selective immuno-suppressive effect of ATG. PMID- 6972795 TI - Does the Mauthner cell conform to the criteria of the command neuron concept? AB - The relationship between the Mauthner (M) cell action potential of the bullfrog tadpole and the rapid tail-flip was studied with electrophysiological and video recording techniques. Single action potentials were elicited in the M-cell by vibratory stimulation or electrical stimulation of the eighth cranial nerve. These impulses were followed by a tail-flip to the side contralateral to the M soma. Similarly, a tail-flip was produced by direct intracellular stimulation of the M-cell. Hyperpolarization of the M-soma blocked orthodromic action potentials and prevented the tail-flip. Therefore, the M-cell action potential appears to be sufficient and necessary to produce a rapid tail-flip which is associated with a naturally observed startle behavior. PMID- 6972796 TI - Field potential induced by injection of potassium ion into the frog retina: a test of current interpretations of the electroretinographic (ERG) b-wave. AB - Using excised frog retinas, the field potential induced by mechanical intraretinal injection of K+ Reinger's was mapped by a penetrating electrode. The high K+ Ringer's contained 75 mM K+ and the amount per injection was of a sphere about 40-50 micron in diameter. The K+ injection pipette was so made that it also served for recording potentials at the site of K+ injection. The study revealed that: (1) a maximum negativity is produced at the depth of K+ injection; and that (2) the negativity subsides in both directions, proximally and distally; but that (3) when recording from the retinal surfaces, the vitreal side becomes positive relative to the receptor side, irrespective of the retinal depth of K+ injection, excepting for the innermost layer of some 20 micron in thickness where some uncertainty remains. The results indicated that the "neutral zone", as defined as a zone where a high K+ produces no potential differences between the opposite retinal surfaces, is localized very close to the inner limiting membrane. Recent interpretations of the b-wave on the Muller cell hypothesis are discussed on the basis of our results. PMID- 6972797 TI - Ultrastructure of migrating spinal motoneurons in anuran larvae. AB - Motoneurons in the course of migration to the lateral motor column (LMC) were identified by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied to lumbar ventral roots in anuran larvae (Rana catesbeiana). The ultrastructural characteristics of these migrating motoneurons were compared with motoneurons in the LMC that had completed their migration. Both migrating and LMC motoneurons tended to be bipolar with one process extending toward the ependyma and the other out towards the ventral root. Typically, centrally and peripherally directed processes in both migrating and LMC motoneurons contained many microtubules, mitochondria and rosette-like clusters of ribosomes, as did the soma. Four of the five types of synapses found on adult frog motoneurons were also found on migrating motoneurons in tadpoles. Radial glia, whose cell bodies are located in the ependyma, have processes extending to the spinal cord periphery. In less than 10% of the preparations, radial glia were labeled with the HRP reaction product. These labeled glia were further distinguished from migrating motoneurons at the ultrastructural level by the presence of abundant filaments. PMID- 6972798 TI - A morphometric study of mouse trigeminal ganglion after unilateral destruction of vibrissae follicles at birth. AB - A morphometric study of the trigeminal ganglion after unilateral vibrissae follicles' coagulation in newborn mice has shown the following: (a) a 42.8% decrease of the total volume of the ganglion on the deafferented side with reference to the normal side; a 61.5% decrease of the ophthalmic-maxillary part of the ganglion where neurons whose axons innervate vibrissae follicles are located, and only a 24.1% decrease in the common part; (b) a 54.8% decrease of the neuronal cell body volume in the ophthalmic-maxillary part and practically no change in the common part, and (c) a 64.5% decrease of the volume occupied by the nerve fibers in the ophthalmic-maxillary part and only a 28.1% decrease in the common part. A comparison of the section areas in ganglion and of the bulk area of neuronal cell bodies at different levels has also been performed. Counting of the neuronal cell bodies in the ophthalmic-maxillary part of the ganglion indicated a mean neuronal loss of 36.5%. Peripheral reinnervation of the common fur by regenerated axons of neurons which previously innervated vibrissae, although unlikely, cannot be completely excluded. PMID- 6972799 TI - Role of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons in the expression of neuroleptic induced catalepsy. AB - Bilateral kainate-induced lesions of the substantia nigra prevented or dramatically reduced the catalepsy produced by haloperidol. In contrast, infusion of 1 or 4 micrograms 6-OHDA in the medial forebrain bundle, which decreased striatal DA by 30% and 80% respectively, failed to affect or actually potentiated haloperidol catalepsy. Since intranigral kainate, in contrast to 6-OHDA, destroys pars reticulata neurons it appears that these neurons are essential for the expression of haloperidol-catalepsy. PMID- 6972802 TI - Strong, specific anti-human leukemia antisera prepared with the use of purified cell membrane antigen. AB - Two rabbits immunized with 15 micrograms of a purified human thymus leukemia associated antigen preparation and boosted once with the same amount of the antigen preparation yielded antisera that showed strong specificity for human leukemic T-cells without any prior absorptions. These antisera from the two rabbits showed a 50% killing of cells at antiserum dilutions of 5700- and 1600 fold, respectively, against JM, a leukemic T-cell line, and slightly weaker activity against MOLT-4, another leukemia T-cell line. These antisera, without any absorption, showed no or minimal reaction against two nonmalignant B-cell lines (RPMI 1788 and RPMI 8057), a leukemic non-T, non-B-cell line (NALM-16), a leukemic pre-B-cell line (NALM-1), normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, and T cells isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Antiserum 7557, which showed the higher antibody activity, was further studied by an absorption test using various human cell lines. The antiserum showed strong activity against all three leukemic T-cell lines tested, i.e., CCRF-CEM, RPMI 8402, and CCRF-HSB-2, whereas it showed no significant activity against other cell lines which included two leukemic non-T, non-B-cell lines (KM-3 and NALM-6), NALM-1 and RPMI 1788. These are the first anti-human leukemia antisera, except for monoclonal hybridoma antibodies, that showed good specificity for leukemia cells without prior absorption. The present procedure of immunizing animals with a small amount of human thymus leukemia-associated antigen preparation isolated from cell membrane will also be useful for obtaining strong, specific antisera of other cell membrane antigens. PMID- 6972803 TI - Adenosine deaminase activity in lymphoid subpopulations and leukemias. AB - Adenosine deaminase has been measured by the indirect spectrophotometric method in lymphoblasts from adult and pediatric lymphoblastic leukemias, peripheral T- and B-cells, mature T-cell leukemia (Sezary cell), and mitogen-stimulated peripheral control T- and B-cells. It was found that, if the specific activity of the enzyme is expressed in terms of cell cytoplasmic protein concentration rather than cell number, null-cell leukemia has enzyme levels markedly higher than T cell lymphoblastic leukemic or Sezary cells. The range in values is far less than those reported by other authors using the direct spectrophotometric assay and cell number prior to lysis. Non-leukemic T- and B-cells from control individuals show minor differences as do T gamma-enriched cells. Lymphocytes from female oriental control populations were significantly lower. Both mitogen-stimulated lymphoblasts and control lymphocytes show similar elevations in adenosine deaminase activity so that no effect per se can be ascribed to lymphoblastic transformation. PMID- 6972800 TI - Effects of 2'-deoxycoformycin on the metabolism of purines and the survival of malignant cells in a patient with T-cell leukemia. AB - The in vitro effects of deoxyadenosine and an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformycin, on the synthesis of DNA and the metabolism of purines were investigated in human leukemic T-cells. In the presence of 10 microM deoxycoformycin, the synthesis of DNA was completely inhibited by concentrations of deoxyadenosine of 10 microM or greater. In contrast, the synthesis of DNA in normal bone marrow cells was not inhibited in the presence of up to 20 microM deoxycoformycin and up to 10 microM deoxyadenosine. Following incubation of leukemia T-cells with deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine, there was a significant rise in the concentration of deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate which was accompanied by reductions in the concentrations of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and guanosine 5' triphosphate, as revealed by high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis. The effects of deoxycoformycin on T-cell leukemia were examined in vivo. A patient with acute T-cell leukemia in the terminal stage received five daily injections of 250 micrograms of deoxycoformycin per kg. Among the noted changes, most prominent was the drop in the leukocyte count. Initially, the cell count rose from 7,200 cells/microliters on Day 1 to 120,000 cells/microliters on Day 3. On Day 5, the cell count began to decline and reached a nadir of 600 cells/microliter on Day 10. The leukocyte count remained below 1,000 cells/microliter through Day 12. The reduction in cell count was preceded by a decline in the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in the cells, which dropped to negligible amount by Day 7. The other prominent change was a decrease in adenosine deaminase activity in both red cells and leukemic cells. Adenosine deaminase activity of red cells dropped to 5% on Day 4, and that of leukemic cells dropped to 59% on Day 5. In addition, there were considerable alterations in the concentrations of purine metabolites which were characterized by a progressive reduction in the concentrations of total purine metabolites, especially adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and a transient rise in the concentrations of deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and adenosine 5 diphosphate. These findings suggest that treatment with deoxycoformycin may be of therapeutic value for T-cell leukemia. It may provide opportunities for studying the purine metabolism in T-leukemic cells which could lead to better approaches to treatment. PMID- 6972801 TI - Comparative effects of adriamycin and N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate on cell kinetics, chromosomal damage, and macromolecular synthesis in vitro. AB - N-Trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate differs from Adriamycin in its rapid intracellular transport and lack of fluorescent binding to nuclei or chromosomes. Both of these anthracyclines cause inhibition in the incorporation of labeled precursors into nucleic acids, extensive chromosomal damage, and arrest of cell cycle traverse in G2. In human lymphoid cells, N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14 valerate, unlike Adriamycin, does not show cell cycle phase-specific or proliferation-related cytotoxic effects. In an L1210 soft-agar assay, both Adriamycin and N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate show no enhanced sensitivity of mid-S-phase cells to their cytotoxic action. PMID- 6972804 TI - Comparative effects of polycythemia-inducing Friend leukemia virus and Moloney leukemia virus on hematopoietic progenitors in murine long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - The specificity of murine leukemia virus-induced myelomonocytic phenotypic changes in long-term bone marrow culture have been examined by comparing the effects of polycythemia-inducing Friend leukemia virus (FVP) and Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) known to have in vivo target cells in the erythroid and lymphoid lineage, respectively. Noninfected adn M-MuLV-infected cultures showed no modification in granulocyte macrophage colony-forming cell behavior and failed to generate cell line in WEHI-3-conditioned medium. In contrast, in FVP-infected cultures, granulocyte macrophage colony-forming cells became colony-stimulating factor independent, and the nonadherent cells gave rise to two cell lines in WEHI 3 conditioned medium with monocytic characteristics and no leukemogenic potential in vivo. These results confirm the ability of long-term bone marrow culture to unmask target cells for FVP within myelomonocytic progenitors, and the negative results in M-MuLV-infected cultures underline the specificity of the FVP-induced phenotypic changes. Despite a high level of virus production and the presence of T-cell precursors in the M-MuLV infected culture, T-cell transformation was not observed. PMID- 6972805 TI - Angiodysplasia of the right colon treated by embolization with ivalon (polyvinyl alcohol). AB - Angiodysplasia of the colon is being recognized with increasing frequency as a source of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly. In one patient with colonic angiodysplasia, superselective segmental embolization of the ileo-colic artery with Ivalon resulted in the cessation of bleeding without causing bowel infarction. However, because of the development of collateral branches to the angiodysplastic malformation, bleeding recurred. While colectomy remains the treatment of choice in younger patients, in high risk patients embolization with a permanent embolic material, such as Ivalon, is an attractive alternative. PMID- 6972810 TI - Interactions between rabbit B and T lymphocytes in mitogenic response to staphylococcal protein A. PMID- 6972807 TI - Terminal galactosyl residues of cell-surface glycoconjugates exposed on both human and murine immature T- and B-cells. AB - Exposure of terminal galactosyl residues on cell-surface molecules as detected by their ability to bind peanut lectin (PNL) is found to be characteristic for immature cortical human and murine thymic lymphocytes. While in prenatal mice PNL staining is found to be uniformly distributed among all thymic lymphocytes, in adult thymic a cortico-medullary gradient is detectable concerning the PNL binding capacity of thymic cortical lymphocytes, a phenomenon that appears to be correlated to their maturational degree. In secondary lymphatic tissue, i.e. lymph nodes and spleen of man, mouse and rat, strongly labeled cells are found exclusively in germinal centers. Ultrastructurally, these cells could be identified as centrocytes and centroblasts. These observations suggest that exposed galactosyl moieties of cell-surface glycoconjugates are expressed by undifferentiated lymphocytes of both T- and B-cell lineage. Furthermore, it could be shown that PNL-binding properties of immature cells are not restricted to lymphatic tissue but can also be demonstrated on various embryonic cells of non lymphatic origin in distinct developmental stages. Thus, they might have a fundamental significance in the course of maturation processes. PMID- 6972808 TI - Germinal centers and the B-cell system. VI. Migration pattern of germinal-center cells of the rabbit appendix. AB - The migration pattern of germinal center cells of the rabbit appendix was studied and compared with that of appendix dome cells, spleen cells, thymus cells and thoracic duct lymphocytes. To discriminate T- and B-cell migration pathways, normal or T-cell-depleted rabbits were used as donors. Cell suspensions were labeled in vitro with 3H-leucine followed by intravenous transfer. The migration of labeled cells in lymphoid organs was studied using autoradiography, particular attention being paid to the spleen of the recipient. B-cells from the appendix dome, spleen and thoracic-duct lymph migrate to primary follicles or the corona of secondary follicles via thymus-dependent areas of peripheral lymphoid organs. In contrast, a B-cell subpopulation from the germinal centers of the appendix migrates to the center of splenic primary follicles and into germinal centers. The migration of germinal center cells to splenic follicle centers is not enhanced by specific antigens. The migration properties of B-cells, possibly changing during differentiation, may be instrumental in the two types of immune reactions, i.e., plasma-cell reaction and germinal-center reaction. PMID- 6972809 TI - B-cell subsets responsive to fluorescein-conjugated antigens. IV. Cross stimulation of B cells genetically unresponsive to LPS by hapten-conjugated lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6972811 TI - Uncoupling lymphocyte proliferation from differentiation: dissimilar dose response relations for pokeweed mitogen-induced proliferation and differentiation of normal human lymphocytes. PMID- 6972806 TI - Lymphocyte stimulation by concanavalin A studied by the fluorescent probe acridine orange. AB - Viable mouse thymocytes or spleen leucocytes stained with acridine orange (AO) were divided into one part used for stimulation, and the other part for control. Analysis of cellular green-fluorescence emission enabled physicochemical changes in lymphocytes to be detected after 30 min stimulation with the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). No change in fluorescence was observed with the nonmitogenic reagent wheat germ lectin (WGL) or with allogeneic cell stimulation (MLR). When green fluorescence intensity of individual cells was monitored by microfluorimetry, 30 min stimulation with Con A induced an increase, whereas PWM induced a decrease. When analysed by fluorescence spectrophotometry, Con A induced a 2 nm blue shift in emission maximum and a decrease in polarization values. PMID- 6972813 TI - Studies on functional subpopulations of B cells in mice. Correction of the immune defect of CBA/N mice by transfer of C3 receptor-bearing B cells. PMID- 6972814 TI - The ability of nonspecific T-cell stimulators to induce helper-cell-dependent increases in either polyclonal or isotype-restricted Ig production in vivo. PMID- 6972812 TI - A study of the ability of H-2Kk-Iak containing subcellular fractions to elicit primary anti-H-2 cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6972815 TI - [Ossidesmosia in the x-ray picture of some bone and joint diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972816 TI - Nomenclature and classification of drug- and alcohol-related problems: a WHO Memorandum. AB - Earlier work in this field is reviewed and present concepts and terminologies are examined in detail. A revised way of dealing with ideas implicit in the terms "drug abuse" or "drug misuse" is proposed; the term "neuroadaptive state" is suggested as an alternative to "physical dependence"; a profile is given of the elements that constitute a "drug dependence syndrome"; and the need to differentiate conceptually between "dependence" and "drug related disability" is stressed. A model of dependence is outlined in which dependence is considered as a psycho-physiological-social syndrome determined and kept going by a complex system of reinforcements. The association between substance use and mental illness is discussed with emphasis on possible two-way relationships. The need for population studies and in particular for longitudinal studies is emphasized. The bearing of all the fore-going considerations on work towards the revision of relevant classification systems is considered, and, in the final section, several recommendations on nomenclature are brought together and suggestions are made for research that might lead to refinement of classification and diagnostic systems. PMID- 6972817 TI - Effect of investments in water supply and sanitation on health status: a threshold-saturation theory. AB - A general theory on the relationship between water supply and sanitation investments and health, the threshold-saturation theory, is proposed. The theory takes into consideration three variables: health status, socioeconomic status, and sanitation level, and attempts to encompass, for the first time in one general theoretical framework, numerous conflicting empirical findings. The two tiered S-shaped logistic form of the relationship that is proposed assumes that at the lower end of the socioeconomic spectrum there is a threshold below which investments in community water supplies and/or excreta disposal facilities alone result in little detectable improvement in health status. Similarly, at the higher end of the socioeconomic scale, it is suggested that a point of saturation is reached beyond which further significant health benefits cannot be obtained by investments in conventional community sanitation facilities.A preliminary attempt to validate this model using published data on sanitation level (defined as access to water supply), life expectancy, and adult literacy rates, for 65 developing countries, appears to provide preliminary support for the threshold saturation theory but further empirical validation is required before a quantitative predictive model can be developed. PMID- 6972818 TI - Assessment of fox control in areas of wildlife rabies. AB - This paper describes a technique for the analysis of the interaction between rabies control measures and the annual turnover of a fox population. The basic conditions are deduced from data on the turnover of a steady fox population, which have been found to be representative for large parts of central Europe. These conditions, together with field data on the critical density for rabies transmission and the recovery of reduced fox populations, provide a model for the prediction and evaluation of various measures of rabies control. The method is simplified by the introduction of a semigraphical procedure using the relative density of a reduced fox population, defined as the ratio of the actual population density to that of a non-reduced population.Simulation of epidemics and control measures over consecutive population cycles shows the limited effect of population control in a rabies-free area and demonstrates the questionable impact of measures that reduce a regular fox population by less than 40%, even when such reduction is effected annually.The method is easy to apply in the field and helps in assessing a number of disease and service indicators, as well as ecological factors in the planning and evaluation of comprehensive rabies control programmes. PMID- 6972819 TI - The community control of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: report of a WHO international cooperative project. AB - The feasibility and effectiveness of a programme for the community control of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease were studied in a cooperative multicentre project initiated and coordinated by the World Health Organization. The programme was carried out in seven centres in various developing countries of Africa, America, and Asia according to a common protocol, and is under way in a further eight countries in Latin America. Pilot community programmes were shown to be practicable and effective in reducing the burden of rheumatic heart disease in developing countries and their extension to cover entire populations should be encouraged. PMID- 6972821 TI - Long-term follow-up of survivors of prehospital sudden coronary death. AB - Fifty-two survivors of prehospital sudden coronary death (SCD) were studied with angiography and cardiac catheterization. Coronary bypass surgery (CAB) was performed and combined with medical therapy in 24 patients and 28 patients were treated with medical therapy alone. Severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), left ventricular function, and clinical characteristics are described in the surgical and medical groups. Most patients had at least two-vessel CAD and left ventricular dysfunction was common. Nineteen of the 24 surgical (79%) and 17 of the 28 medical patients (60%) had a primary dysrhythmia without an associated acute myocardial infarction (MI) as the cause of their SCD. After a maximal follow-up of 80 months (mean 38.2 months in surgical group, 32.2 months in medical group), there have been 12 deaths. Eight of the 10 cardiac deaths occurred in patients showed initial SCD was related to ventricular fibrillation (VF) not associated with acute MI. Four of these 10 deaths were in the surgical group and six were in the medical group. Two surgical patients died in the early postoperative period; the other two died from recurrent VF 36 and 48 months after SCD. No perioperative or postsurgical MIs have occurred and only two patients have angina. In the medical group, five of the six deaths were caused by recurrent VF. Twelve patients have symptoms: angina in eight, heart failure in five and myocardial infarction in three. Nine of the 12 surgical patients (75%) who were employed before their SCD are still employed, while seven of 15 medical patients (47%) are employed. We conclude that the majority of survivors of prehospital SCD have severe CAD, although an associated acute MI at the time of SCD is uncommon. Coronary bypass surgery can be successfully performed in many of these patients and most are asymptomatic after surgery. The long-term results appear encouraging, although further studies are necessary to confirm these results. PMID- 6972820 TI - International collaborative study on juvenile hypertension. 1. Study procedures and screening data. AB - The study procedures and the results of blood pressure screening from 8 centres are reported. Data are also presented on age, sex, sexual maturity for girls, height, weight, Quetelet's index, smoking, and use of antihypertensive drugs for 92.1% of the 18 609 children born in 1964 in the 8 districts and surveyed in 1977. The girls who had reached sexual maturity had the highest means for blood pressure, height, weight, and Quetelet's index. The proportion of girls who had attained menarche differed geographically. Certain differences were found among the 8 centres in the variables measured, but when age-specific comparisons were made most of the differences in the variables disappeared. Nevertheless a lower systolic blood pressure and height and a higher pulse rate were observed in Havana, Cuba, than in the European cities. Using multivariate analysis, height, weight, pulse rate, age at survey, and sexual maturity together explained somewhat less than 20% and 10% of the variation of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively. These screening data provide a baseline for a longitudinal study that will continue until 1982. PMID- 6972822 TI - Reduced efficacy of coronary bypass surgery in women. AB - To estimate long-term efficacy of coronary bypass surgery, we examined our experience with 3155 patients observed over a 78-month period. Preoperative clinical profile, operative risk, and long-term symptomatic status and survival were compared in 2663 men and 492 women. To minimize influence of unequal baseline characteristics, surgical results were also compared in 412 pairs of men and women matched by computer for age, preoperative angina classification and number of diseased vessels. Operative mortality was not significantly different in matched patients. Women had smaller distal coronary arteries, more diabetes and hypertension, a higher rate of incomplete revascularization, and reduced graft patency compared with men. Cumulative survival for men and women was 92% at 42 months. At late follow-up, significantly more men were asymptomatic (70% vs 52%, p less than 0.001) and men achieved higher activity levels. We conclude that men have more symptomatic relief after coronary bypass surgery than women. A better-quality revascularization in men may be part of the reason for this outcome. PMID- 6972824 TI - Improved graft patency with anticoagulant therapy after aortocoronary bypass surgery: a prospective, randomized study. AB - We conducted a prospective, randomized study to evaluate the influence of oral anticoagulation on graft patency early after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Eighty nine patients who received 251 distal venous anastomoses were treated with phenoprocoumon, a vitamin K antagonist, starting on the seventh postoperative day; 84 patients with 238 distal venous anastomoses received no anticoagulation. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, exercise hemodynamics, extent of coronary disease and left ventricular dysfunction. In each group, 2.8 distal anastomoses were constructed per patient. Graft patency after surgery was 90.4% in the treatment group and 84.6% in the control group (p less than 0.015). All anastomoses were patent in 81% and 67% of patients, respectively (p less than 0.02). Flow measurements in 279 grafts suggest that grafts with a flow of less than 90 ml/min benefit from oral anticoagulation. No graft with a flow of more than 90 ml/min was occluded. PMID- 6972823 TI - Progression of coronary artery disease in medically and surgically treated patients 5 years after randomization. AB - Repeat angiography was performed at 63 +/- 9 months in 26 medically treated patients and at 66 +/- 10 months in 32 surgically treated patients with chronic angina. The native coronary arteries were divided into three major trunk vessels and 15 angiographic segments. Progression of disease was defined as the appearance of new (greater than 50%) obstruction or significant worsening of existing lesions in a segment or vessel. The incidence of progression was similar in medical and surgical patients, comparing individual segments (69 of 312 [22%] and 91 of [23%], respectively) or vessels (49 of 78 [63%] and 60 of 96 [63%], respectively). In both medical and surgical patients, segments initially free of disease showed a 14% incidence of developing new lesions, compared with the 37% progression in segments initially diseased (p less than 0.001). In the surgical patients, progression occurred in 48 of 219 (22%) nongrafted and 43 of 177 (24%) grafted segments (NS). When analyzed by major trunk vessel, progression occurred in 40 of 57 grafted arteries (70%) and 20 of 39 nongrafted arteries (51%) (NS). The incidence of new total occlusions was similar in medical and surgical patients (6% and 8%, respectively); new total occlusions occurred predominantly in diseases segments (15% and 22%, respectively). In patients with stable angina pectoris who have medical or surgical treatment assigned by randomization, progression of coronary disease at 5 years is not influenced by which mode of therapy was received. Vessels initially free of disease are at relatively low risk for development of disease within 5 years. In surgical patients, grafted and nongrafted vessels show similar rates of progression. PMID- 6972825 TI - Improvement in global and segmental left ventricular function after coronary bypass surgery. AB - Ventricular function was assessed at rest and during exercise by multiple gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy before and after coronary artery bypass surgery in 21 patients. Resting left and right ventricular ejection fraction and segmental wall motion were unchanged by surgery. However, the postoperative exercise response of left ventricular ejection fraction (-1 +/- 12% vs 6 +/- 9%) and segmental wall motion score (medium -2.7 [range -8 to 2] vs -0.4 [range -6 to 2]) were significantly improved (p less than 0.05). The normal right ventricular ejection fraction exercise response was maintained after surgery. Previous myocardial infarction in 15 patients did not attenuate the observed improvement in ventricular function. In addition, normal postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction response to exercise was associated with symptomatic improvement. In three of six patients a normal preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction response to exercise was not maintained. Therefore, global and regional left ventricular reserve is improved by coronary bypass surgery and this improvement is not affected by previous myocardial infarction. PMID- 6972826 TI - The effect of pulsatile perfusion on preservation of left ventricular function after aortocoronary bypass grafting. AB - Pulsatile perfusion has been reported to be of value in intraoperative myocardial protection. To evaluate this technique, we studied 26 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting. Ejection fraction determinations from multigated cardiac blood pool scans, serial hemodynamic monitoring, and total CPK and MB-CPK sampling were performed early (4, 6 and 8 hours after bypass) and 10 days after operation. In 12 patients, pulsatile perfusion was started immediately after aortic cannulation and continued until 10 minutes after cessation of bypass; 14 patients had standard nonpulsatile perfusion. All patients had a single aortic cross-clamping and potassium cardioplegia. Cross-clamp time (46 +/- 3 and 46 +/- 3 minutes [+/- SEM]), total bypass time (94 +/- 4 and 89 +/- 6 minutes), and mean perfusion pressure (82 +/- 5 and 83 +/- 3 mm Hg) were comparable in the pulsatile and nonpulsatile groups, respectively, as were extent of coronary disease and number of bypass grafts. Preoperative and postoperative ejection fractions for pulsatile and nonpulsatile groups, respectively, were 0.57 +/- 0.03 and 0.55 +/- 0.04 before operation, 0.37 +/- 0.03 and 0.40 +/- 0.04 4 hours after bypass, 0.40 +/- 0.03 and 0.46 +/- 0.04 at 6 hours, 0.51 +/- 0.05 and 0.52 +/- 0.07 at 8 hours and 0.56 +/- 0.05 and 0.53 +/- 0.04) 10 days after operation. Mean arterial pressure, left atrial pressure and serial cardiac indexes were similar in both groups. There were no perioperative myocardial infarctions by ECG in either group. Total CPK (586 +/- 78 and 617 +/- 140 IU/l) and peak MB-CPK (73 +/0 14 and 61 +/- 11 IU/l) were comparable in the pulsatile and nonpulsatile groups, respectively. Pulsatile perfusion offers no advantage in myocardial preservation after aortocoronary bypass grafting in patients with normal left ventricular function. PMID- 6972828 TI - Preservation of the myocardium during coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - The influence of three methods of myocardial preservation used during coronary artery bypass grafting on operative mortality and perioperative myocardial infarction was evaluated in seven institutions participating in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). Both operative mortality and perioperative infarctions were comparable with either normothermic and topical hypothermic myocardial preservation. The addition of potassium cardioplegia to hypothermia lowered both operative mortality and perioperative myocardial infarction (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively). Stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that the high-risk clinical and angiographic variables were the most important determinants of operative mortality, followed by surgical priority and the use of potassium cardioplegia. However, none of the clinical, angiographic and surgical variables other than the use of potassium cardioplegia influenced the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction. PMID- 6972827 TI - The hemodynamic and metabolic response to pacing after aortocoronary bypass. AB - Long-term follow-up of aortocoronary bypass has shown good preservation of ventricular function. However, myocardial reserve in the immediate postoperative period may not be optimal. Nineteen patients who underwent elective aortocoronary bypass protected with cold potassium cardioplegia were studied in the early postoperative period at rest and during the stress of atrial and ventricular pacing. Performance was assessed by hemodynamic, metabolic and nuclear angiographic measurements. In the first 2--6 hours after aortic cross clamping, myocardial performance was preserved at rest and there was no evidence of ischemic metabolism. Atrial pacing at a rate of 119 beats/min caused a significant increase in cardiac index (p less than 0.01) without deterioration in hemodynamics, ejection fraction or metabolic status. At the same rate, ventricular pacing did not change the cardiac index and there was a decrease in hemodynamic function. Ejection fraction decreased from 56% to 44% (p less than 0.05) without a change in end-diastolic volume. Lactate, pyruvate and beta hydroxybutyrate extractions were changed to net production. Ventricular performance was preserved at rest immediately after aortocoronary bypass done with multidose cold potassium cardioplegia, with adequate reserve to meet the stress of atrial but not ventricular pacing. We conclude that the therapeutic implications of the type of pacing selected in the immediate postoperative period may be important. PMID- 6972829 TI - The metabolic consequences of blood and crystalloid cardioplegia. AB - Twenty-seven patients undergoing elective coronary revascularization were evaluated by the following metabolic studies: coronary blood flow and vascular resistance, myocardial oxygen consumption and extraction, and lactate and potassium extraction, uptake and release. Patients were divided into two groups, 14 having crystalloid potassium (25 mEq/l) and 13 blood potassium (25 mEq/l) cardioplegic arrest. The groups were comparable in terms of preoperative demographic characteristics and the duration of cardioplegic arrest, which averaged 63.8 minutes in the crystalloid group and 65.6 minutes in the blood group. There were obvious differences in the effects of the two cardioplegic solutions during administration. Crystalloid cardioplegia had a significantly higher infusion rate and, accordingly, a lower vascular resistance, whereas blood cardioplegia provided increased oxygen use during administration. The amount of lactate released during cardioplegic infusion was greater in the crystalloid than in the blood group, while the amount of potassium absorbed by the heart was greater with blood. During reperfusion, coronary blood flow, vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen consumption were not significantly different in the two groups. The myocardial oxygen extraction, as manifested by a narrowed arteriovenous oxygen difference, was decreased compared with control in both groups during early reperfusion, and the extraction curves for both groups returned to control values by 20 minutes. Myocardial lactate release occurred in both groups during early reperfusion and there was no significant distinction between the two groups. Potassium release occurred during reperfusion in both groups, but significantly more potassium was released in the blood group than in the crystalloid group. We conclude that both methods of myocardial preservation provide adequate protection for 1 hour of ischemic arrest and nearly equal depression in oxygen use. Crystalloid cardioplegia allows greater lactate production during the arrest interval, whereas blood allows a greater potassium absorption by the heart during arrest but releases more potassium during reperfusion. PMID- 6972830 TI - Severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Part I: Causes, pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis. AB - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common gastrointestinal emergency associated with significant socioeconomic impact, morbidity and mortality. The aetiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding has been reviewed, including the pathophysiological mechanisms of acid peptic and gastric mucosal disease. The initial diagnosis and therapeutic approach to the bleeding patient has been outlined. PMID- 6972831 TI - Gastrointestinal emergency problems in paediatric practice. PMID- 6972832 TI - Severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Part II: X-ray diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 6972834 TI - Severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Part IV: Problems for emergency endoscopic treatment. PMID- 6972833 TI - Severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Part III: guidelines for treatment. PMID- 6972835 TI - Severe lower intestinal bleeding: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6972837 TI - Growth of pre-B cells in cultures of bone marrow from children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and other diseases. AB - Pre-B cells from the bone marrow of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) survived up to 144 hr after the completion of treatment and divided in culture with maximum cell numbers at 24 hr. There was no rise in B cell number and no evidence of differentiation from pre-B to B cells. Binucleated pre-B cells in cultures containing cytochalasin B confirmed that pre-B cell division was occurring. Cycloheximide reduced cell numbers in culture but bromodeoxyuridine did not. Pre-B cell numbers also increased in culture of morphologically normal marrows from treated and untreated patients with solid tumours, and probably in normal marrows from patients with non-malignant diseases. PMID- 6972836 TI - Dipetalonema viteae infective larvae reach reproductive maturity in rats immunodepressed by prior exposure to Schistosoma mansoni or its products and in congenitally athymic rats. PMID- 6972838 TI - T lymphocyte mobility: defects and effects of ascorbic acid, histamine and complexed IgG. AB - T lymphocyte mobility is low in patients with low neutrophil mobility. Thymocytes move comparably with normal mature T lymphocytes. Histamine accelerates T lymphocyte mobility in healthy subjects, patients with defective lymphocyte mobility and thymocytes. Ascorbic acid increases lymphocyte mobility of healthy subjects and thymocytes. Inhibition of mobility of T- or Tmu-depleted T lymphocytes by complexed IgG casts doubt on previous reports that the T gamma cells do not move. PMID- 6972839 TI - Immune responses of rats chronically fed subclinical doses of lead. AB - The effects of chronic feeding of low levels of lead on various cells of the rat immune system have been investigated. In the presence of Con A and PHA, lead appears to increase blastogenesis up to approximately 5 weeks with activity approaching that of the unleaded control cells at 14 weeks. B cells responded with increased mitogenicity in the presence of LPS up to the time of termination of the experiment (14 weeks). Macrophage activity and number in the lead-fed rat showed consistent decrease and eventual morphological impairment. It is hypothesized that lead has mitogen-like activity but disruption of macrophage-T cell interaction occurs with time. PMID- 6972840 TI - Hypoparathyroidism with T-cell deficiency and hypoimmunoglobulinemia: response to thymosin therapy. PMID- 6972841 TI - Rabbit antisera to human cord T gamma cells. PMID- 6972842 TI - Cells from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient display surface immunoglobulins specific for Forssman antigen. PMID- 6972847 TI - Computed tomography of colloid cysts of the third ventricle. AB - Ten cases of colloid cysts of the third ventricle were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). The smallest lesion demonstrated was 6 mm in diameter and the largest 6.5 cm. Six lesions were hyperdense and four isodense. None of the lesions exhibited significant enhancement after the administration of contrast medium. A non-contrast CT scan is essential for the demonstration of a small hyperdense colloid cyst as the latter may simulate normal vascular structures on the post-contrast scan. PMID- 6972845 TI - Cells involved in the mitogen-induced helper function which facilitates the blastogenic response to Actinomyces viscosus. PMID- 6972844 TI - Suppression of mitogen-induced human immunoglobulin (Ig)-A synthesis by heterologous antibody to IgA. PMID- 6972843 TI - Immunoglobulin production by human lymphocytes in a microculture system: culture conditions and cellular interactions. PMID- 6972846 TI - Natural cytotoxicity in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6972848 TI - Clinical cardiovascular experiences with iopamidol: a new non-ionic contrast medium. AB - Iopamidol, a new non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium, has been compared with standard ionic media in a number of cardiovascular applications. It is stable in aqueous solution, is much less viscous and only slightly more osmolar than metrizamide. Compared to sodium meglumine diatrizoate in a series of 40 coronary arteriograms, it produced a consistent and highly significant decrease in the incidence and severity of hypotension and bradycardia following intracoronary injection. In the same group and in 62 children undergoing ventricular or great vessel angiocardiography, a subjective assessment of patient reaction showed that iopamidol was better tolerated than the ionic medium. There was a very strong patient preference for iopamidol in a group of 20 of the adult patients who had also consented to femoral artery injections of both media. Throughout these series there was no detectable difference in arterial image quality between the media. Venous phase opacification during arterioportography was assessed in 11 cases comparing iopamidol with sodium meglumine iothalamate. No significant difference was found. We conclude that iopamidol is clearly preferable to ionic media for routine cardiovascular applications. PMID- 6972850 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 6972849 TI - Effect of parathyroid hormone on bicarbonate secretion in the guinea-pig stomach and the amphibian isolated gastric mucosa. AB - 1. The effect of parathyroid hormone on gastric bicarbonate secretion was determined in the anaesthetized guinea pig. Subcutaneous injections of bovine parathyroid hormone (75 U.S.P units day-1 kg-1) for 7 days caused a significant increase in HCO3- output. There was also a rise in K+ output and a slight elevation of H+ secretion. A similar increase in HCO3- output occurred after acute intravenous injection of the hormones (75 U.S.P. units/kg). 2. Both chronic and acute administration of parathyroid hormone caused a significant increase in serum calcium concentration and it is likely that the changes in gastric ion outputs reflect raised calcium levels. Given alone intravenous calcium (1.5 mg/kg body wt.) stimulated gastric secretion of both HCO3- and H+. 3. To determine whether parathyroid hormone had a direct action on gastric ion transport experiments were performed in the amphibian isolate mucosa. Antrum transports HCO3- spontaneously while HCO3- transport in fundus was studied after inhibition of the greater H+ secretion by the histamine H2-receptor antagonist metiamide. Parathyroid hormone at a concentration of 0.2 United States Pharmacopea (U.S.P.) unit/ml in the nutrient-side bathing solution inhibited both antral and fundic HCO3- transport. A higher concentration (2.0 units/ml) had no effect on fundic H+ secretion. 4. The inhibitory effect in vitro was greater in the antrum and parathyroid hormone may almost abolish the active component of HCO3- transport in this tissue. It is likely that any similar inhibition of gastric HCO3- secretion by parathyroid hormone in vivo is masked by the stimulatory effects of released calcium. PMID- 6972851 TI - Chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 6972852 TI - Changing ventricular size in dural sinus thrombosis. PMID- 6972853 TI - Contact dermatitis from an antirheumatic gel containing etofenamate. PMID- 6972854 TI - Consensus development summaries. Endoscopy in upper GI bleeding. Sponsored by the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases, NIH. PMID- 6972855 TI - Exercise thallium 201 scintigraphy in evaluating aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - Thirty patients with recurrent symptoms after aortocoronary bypass graft surgery underwent angiography as well as exercise thallium 201 imaging. Exercise imaging has been shown to be highly specific (100 percent in our study) in evaluating patients after bypass surgery. Patients with complete revascularization have normal thallium 201 images. Similarly, exercise-induced defects are seen only in the presence of incomplete revascularization. There are patients, however, with incomplete revascularization with normal exercise images, but these generally limited to the right coronary artery or the diagonal vessels or their grafts. PMID- 6972857 TI - PiM subtypes in COPD. PMID- 6972858 TI - Properties of Ro 13-99041 as a substrate and inhibitor of beta-lactamases. AB - Ro 13-9904 is a novel semisynthetic and highly active parenteral cephalosporin. Its stability against hydrolysis by several beta-lactamases was studied. The enzymes were isolated from various Enterobacteriaceae or Staphylococcus aureus and several commercially available enzyme preparations were also included. Most of the penicillinases, cephalosporinases or the TEM-type beta-lactamase studied were unable to hydrolyze this novel cephalosporin. The cephalosporinases from Bacillus cereus 569/H9 and Proteus vulgaris 1028, however, were found to readily cleave all new cephalosporins like cefuroxime, cefotaxime and Ro 13-9904, but not cefoxitin. Ro 13-9904 was seen to be a potent inhibitor of several cephalosporinases, but had little or no affinity for penicillinases or the TEM lactamase. PMID- 6972856 TI - The role of P wave duration as a predictor of postoperative atrial arrhythmias. AB - Atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter (AFI) occur frequently after aortocoronary bypass grafting. To identify patients at highest risk, we observed 99 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. P wave duration was measured on a three channel ECG. An intra-atrial conduction defect (IACD), defined by conventional criteria as a single standard lead P wave greater than 110 msec, was present in 42 patients. We also identified IACDs by measuring the total P wave duration (TPWD) from the simultaneous three-channel recording of the standard leads (IACD TPWD). Sustained AF-AFI, less than one hour, occurred in 29/99 patients. Of the 29 patients with AF-AF1, 24 had IACD-TPWD. The mean total P wave duration of patients with and without AF-AFI was 126 msec and 116 msec, respectively (P less than .001). The mean P wave duration measured conventionally (ECG lead 2) was 114 msec in the patients with AF/-AFI and 110 msec in patients without AF/-AFI. An isoelectric interval (IEI), derived by subtracting the ECG lead 2 P wave duration from the total P wave duration measured from three simultaneous limb leads, for patients without AF-AFI was 5.9 msec vs 12.4 msec for patients with AF-AFI (P less than 0.001). Of the patients with IACD-TPWD, 24/64 (38 percent) had AF AFIRM; of the patients without IACD-TPWD, 5/35 (14 percent) had AF-AFI (P less than .05). The mean ages, number of bypass grafts, preoperative propranolol dose and prevalence of digoxin use presence of IACD-TPWD is a sensitive but non specific predictor of AF-AFI after bypass surgery, and a prolonged IEI enhances the specificity. PMID- 6972859 TI - [Electron microscopical and chemical investigations of the pathological changes of the vitreous body]. AB - By means of vitrectomy in vivo investigations of the pathologic changes of the vitreous body including histology and chemical analysis have become feasible. The electron microscopical examinations of the tissue particles gained by means of vitrectomy displayed collagen fibrils which were partly irregular, most of the mesh-work being split up. The periodicity of these fibrils was about 64 nm, similar changes had been observed in human vitreous following perforating injuries, as well as in rabbit vitreous after blood injections. All typical stages of the lysis of red cells and their phagocytosis by large macrophages could be demonstrated. In order to get an accurate chemical analysis of the material resulting from vitrectomy it was first to all necessary to find out a method which enabled us to compare the concentrations of different chemical substances in the material gained by vitrectomy with the content of these substances in the whole vitreous body. Of 16 pairs of human post mortem eyes, enucleated between 3 and 5 hours after death, one eye was submitted to vitrectomy under constant suction- and infusion-pressure and cutting rate, the duration of surgery being different (3-9 min.); in each fellow-eye the whole vitreous body was removed. The comparison of the different concentrations of chemical substances showed a typical correlation. This method was performed in 13 clinical cases suffering from different kinds of vitreal changes. The concentration of protein was found to have increased in cases suffering from intravitreal hemorrhages, in cases suffering from shrinkage of the vitreous body after spontaneous complete resorption of intravitreal bleedings and in one case suffering from intravitreal membranes after endophthalmitis; in cases suffering from subvitreal bleedings the protein content of the vitreous body was approximately normal. The pathology leakage of the retinal vessels as it can be found in cases suffering from proliferative diabetic retinopathy caused no significant increase of the intravitreal protein concentration. The concentrations of lactic acid and glycogen were examined in order to find out if anaerobic glycolysis could be proved in the vitreous body of eyes suffering from ischaemic retinopathy. Only one case showed an increased concentration of lactic acid, in 3 cases there was a reduced content of glycogen. In these 3 cases the possibility of the existence of anaerobic glycolysis could be excluded, because in rabbits a rapid excretion rate of exceeding concentrations of lactic acid via retinal vessels had been found. PMID- 6972863 TI - [Clinical pathological conference LXII. Fever and intestinal bleeding in an aged man]. PMID- 6972862 TI - [Lesions of the round and oval window as causes of acute hearing loss and vertigo]. PMID- 6972861 TI - Limitations of scalogram analysis as a method for investigating drug use behavior. AB - Scalogram analysis, a procedure developed for constructing attitude scales, has been recently applied to support certain conclusions about the typical development of drug use patterns. An examination of results from these applications revealed at least three potential limitations: (1) presumed drug usage patterns may not generalize to many drug users, especially adult users; (2) presumed patterns may not be supported if several commonly used psychoactive substances are included; and (3) measures of unidimensionality may not be sufficient for confirming actual unidimensionality of highly skewed drug use patterns. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate further these potential limitations and to determine their bearing upon previous theoretical conclusions. Results confirmed the existence of all three limitations. In other words, typical applications of scalogram analysis based upon adolescent illicit drug use data have questionable external and internal validity. Therefore, previous conclusions based upon such applications should be re-evaluated and future research should employ alternative analytical procedures. PMID- 6972860 TI - Drug use among non-students in three countries. AB - This paper reports a study of drug use among non-students in three countries: Mexico, Canada and India. In all three countries core items from a World Health Organization questionnaire were used. The results were generally consistent with the expectation that non-students would show greater use than students. The strongest relationship was found for cannabis (all three countries) and amphetamines (Canada and Mexico). The results indicate the need for special preventive programmes for non-students in both developing and developed countries. PMID- 6972864 TI - Hypocalcemic, hypophosphatemic rickets in rat pups suckling vitamin D-deprived mothers. AB - The effects of maternal vitamin D deprivation on rat pups were examined in terms of serum levels of Ca, phosphorus (P), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (250HD), ash content, and histological appearance of long bones. In each of 10 experiments, litters of 8--10 young were examined at 2 or 3 different ages within the range of 5--57 days. Pregnant mothers were fed a diet containing 0.4% Ca, and 0.4% P and either no vitamin D(--D) or 5 IU D3/g diet (+D). Mothers fed the --D diet developed marked hypocalcemia (4--5 mg/dl) during lactation, but no change in milk Ca or P. The earliest changes in pups suckled by mothers on --D diets compared to pups suckled by mothers on +D diets were significant reductions at 8 days in serum P (6--12% in 3 of 5 experiments) and in serum 250HD3. By the 15th day, serum 250HD3 was undetectable, body weight was reduced by 26%, serum Ca was reduced by 9%, and serum P was reduced by 15%. During the following 10 days, when gradual weaning took place, serum Ca decreased progressively, serum P returned to normal, serum Mg became elevated, bone ash (as percent of dry weight of tibia) was decreased, and decalcified sections of the proximal end of the tibia revealed irregularity and widening (1.5- to 3-fold) of the hypertrophic cartilage layer and the metaphyseal trabeculae. All of these changes were also prominent in 8 week-old --D rats. The results indicate that rat pups suckling vitamin D-deprived mothers can develop biochemical evidence (including hypophosphatemia) as well as histological evidence of vitamin D deficiency similar to that of human vitamin D deficiency rickets. This is in contrast to rats deprived of vitamin D after weaning, who do not develop hypophosphatemia or characteristic histological evidence of rickets unless deprived of P as well as vitamin D. PMID- 6972868 TI - Purification and properties of bullfrog prolactin. AB - Prolactin was purified from bullfrog adenohypophyses by extraction of acetone dried powder with acid acetone and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G100. The bullfrog prolactin had a molecular weight of 23,000 as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was 5.76 when determined by electrofocussing. The amino acid composition of the purified prolactin closely resembles that of mammalian prolactin. The prolactin was found to be 3.6 times as potent as bovine prolactin in promoting collagen synthesis in the tadpole tail fin. PMID- 6972867 TI - Characterization of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin in median eminence extracts on sephadex gel-filtration. AB - Hypothalamic median eminence extracts (MEE) were subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and G-75 columns to characterize the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in relation to arginine vasopressin (AVP). CRF activity was measured using monolayer cultured anterior pituitary cells, and AVP was measured by radioimmunoassay. Sephadex G-25 chromatography of AVP immunoreactivity of MEE (NIAMDD-Rat HE-RP-1) showed three peaks on elution with 0.1 N HCI and four peaks on elution with 0.2M acetic acid. But freshly prepared MEE showed only one peak on elution with 0.1 N HCI. These results suggest that AVP in NIAMDD-Rat HE-RP-1 is polymerized or aggregated on the Sephadex G-25 column, especially when eluted in 0.2M acetic acid. Two main peaks of CRF activity appeared consistently on both Sephadex G-25 and G-75 chromatography. One was near the void volume and the other was retarded. The small molecular CRF (small-CRF) peak was coeluted with immunoreactive AVP and 125I-AVP, on both chromatographies on elution with 0.1 N HCI. The large molecular CRF (big-CRF) appeared between the void volume and I-39 ACTH on Sephadex G-75 chromatography. Big-CRF from freshly prepared MEE had no AVP immunoreactivity. AVP showed CRF activity in pituitary cell cultures, but its CRF activity accounted for no more than 20% of the CRF activity of NIAMDD-Rat HE RP-1. The log dose-response characteristics of the CRF activities of small-CRF and AVP differed. These results suggest that the median eminence has at least two substances with CRF activity: one is large molecular CRF, and the other is small molecular CRF which may have a vasopressin-like molecular weight. AVP may account for a part of the CRF activity of small molecular CRF but is not identical with genuine CRF. PMID- 6972865 TI - Effect of thyroxine, testosterone, and corticosterone on nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations in adult female mouse submaxillary gland: dissociation of NGF and EGF responses. AB - Testosterone propionate (TP) and corticosterone acetate (CA) were administered alone and in combination with T4 to assess the effect on submaxillary gland (SMG) nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations in adult female mice. Mice were treated for 5 or 10 days. SMG NGF, and EGF concentrations were measured by specific RIA techniques. Mean SMG NGF (0.68 +/- 0.08 microgram/mg protein) and EGF (0.58 +/- 0.05 microgram/mg protein) concentrations were similar in control mice. T4 (0.4 microgram/g BW, sc, daily) significantly increased mean SMG NGF and EGF concentrations to 469% and 347%, respectively, of control values after 5 days and to 1190% and 568%, respectively, after 10 days of treatment. TP (25 microgram/g BW, sc, every 2 days) significantly increased mean SMG NGF and EGF concentrations to 734% and 767%, respectively, of control values at 5 days and to 1971% and 1953%, respectively, at 10 days. T4 and TP resulted in no further significant increases in either SMG NGF or EGF concentrations above the levels observed after TP alone. CA (25 microgram/g BW, sc, daily) increased mean SMG NGF, but not EGF, concentrations at both 5 and 10 days. Moreover, T4 and CA appeared to exert an additive effect on NGF. In contrast to the observations in adult female mice, T4 increased mean SMG NGF concentrations to 178% of control levels in adult male mice, but had no significant effect of SMG EGF concentrations. These data indicate that T4 and TP modulate SMG NGF and EGF concentrations in adult female mice. T4, however, appears to have a preferential effect on NGF on both male and female mice, unlike the equal effect on TP on both NGF and EGF. CA, like T4, also appears to increase NGF, but not EGF, concentrations in adult female SMG. The present results suggest separate regulatory mechanisms for T4, TP, and CA on SMG NGF and EGF biosyntheses. PMID- 6972866 TI - Circadian stage-dependent effects of epidermal growth factor on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in ten different organs of the adult male mouse. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) previously isolated from the submandibular gland of mice was injected ip at different circadian stages into separate subgroups of adult male CD2F1 mice. Subsequent to each of the five time points of injection (0900, 1500, 1800, 2100, and 0300 h for animals standardized to 12 h of light alternating with 12 h of darkness: light, 0600-1800 h; dark, 1800-0600 h), five animals were killed at 4, 8, and 12 h after the EGF injection; comparable control groups were injected only with the carrier substance. Thirty minutes before sacrifice, each mouse was injected ip with 24 muCi [3H]thymidine. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the DNA of the aorta, lung, liver, cornea, testes, kidney, parotid, thymus, spleen, and bone marrow as well as the mitotic index of the corneal epithelium was determined. The results indicate that EGF may play a role in the positive control of growth of many of these tissues, especially the aorta, lung, liver, and cornea. EGF may also play a role in inhibiting growth of the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. Moreover, the stimulatory effect of EGF on the growth of the various tissues appears to be especially enhanced in mice injected at 1500 h and killed 4 h later at 1900 h. PMID- 6972872 TI - Allotype suppression in the chicken. II. Suppression in homozygous chickens with antiallotype antibody and allotype-disparate B cells. AB - Injection of heterozygous (M-1a/M-1b, G1g/G-1i) B 14-line chickens with antisera directed against either IgM-1a or IgM-1b induced suppression of the relevant IgM 1 and genetically linked IgG-1 allotypes, whereas a mixture of anti-M-1a and anti M-1b antibodies failed to produce allotype suppression. Injection of anti-M-1 antiserum into M-1 homozygous chickens induced only a transient delay of a few days in the appearance and rise of serum IgM-1 levels. However, suppression of host allotypes was induced by injecting M-1, G-1 homozygous neonatal or embryonal recipients with anti-M-1 antisera together with B locus- histocompatible allotype disparate spleen, bone marrow or bursal cells. The active cell type were donor B cells, which established chimerism in the injected host, whereas peripheral blood T lymphocytes from agammaglobulinemic donors were ineffective. Allotype suppression was attributed to a homeostatic control mechanism which is exerted by normal B cells (but not T cells) over B cell recruitment in anti-M-1 antibody treated, immature hosts. PMID- 6972871 TI - Myocardial emission tomography with thallium-201. Value of multiple and orthogonal sections in the study of the myocardial infarction. AB - The usefulness of transverse, sagittal, and frontal tomographic images was assessed in the study of the myocardium labelled with thallium-201. In a series of 20 patients with myocardial infarcts in various locations documented by clinical, electrocardiographical, and biochemical data in 15 cases and uncertain diagnosis in 5 cases, the sections reconstructed from 32 views obtained with a rotating scintillation camera were compared to the conventional views. Quantitatively, the mean myocardium-to-background activity ratio improved significantly from 1.60 to 2.57 (p less than 0.001); qualitatively, the presence, site, and size of the defect were more easily determined on the sections and generally showed a sharp contrast to the normal tissue; transverse sections enabled us to explore the anterior infarcts, but sagittal or frontal views were required for inferior locations. The tomographic exploration was normal in only patient whose diagnosis was uncertain. These results suggest that three dimensional emission tomography can improve both detection and quantification of the myocardial infarct. PMID- 6972873 TI - The peritoneal antigen-presenting macrophage: control and immunogenic properties of distinct subpopulations. AB - The control of the immunogenic antigen-presenting capacity of different subpopulations of thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages had been investigated. The experiments revealed the existence of two major subpopulations of macrophages, only one of which was highly efficient in educating antigen specific T cells. The other subpopulation, while highly phagocytic, was devoid of antigen-presenting capacity. Further analysis, using specific antisera directed at H-2I region gene products, revealed that the immunogenic antigen-presenting population expressed H-2I region-controlled membrane antigens. Searching for cellular elements which control the differentiation of this antigen-presenting macrophage subpopulation, it was found that its function was strictly controlled by T cells. T cell-deficient mice (nu/nu) failed to generate a functional antigen presenting macrophage subpopulation. Transplantation of mature T lymphocytes to T cell-deprived mice restored the immunogenic function of their antigen-presenting macrophage subpopulation. Transplantation of mature T lymphocytes to T cell deprived mice restored the immunogenic function of their antigen-presenting macrophages. The results obtained suggest the existence of heterogeneity of functions among macrophage subpopulations and add a new regulatory function for T cells. PMID- 6972869 TI - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of energy transduction in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of th phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides reveal the presence of inorganic phosphate, sugar phosphates and two non-identified P,P1-diesterified pyrophosphate compounds. Due to the presence of paramagnetic cations the resonances of these compounds can only be detected after repeated washing of the bacterial cells with a buffer, containing EDTA plus excess Mg2+. Washing with Mg2+-free EDTA buffer deteriorates the structural integrity of the membranes of Rps. sphaeroides. This is indicated by the appearance of an extra resonance peak in the spectra of these cells in a region where the phospholipids absorb and by a fivefold increase in proton permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of Rps. sphaeroides under these conditions. Upon illumination of the cell suspension in the NMR tube the generation of a transmembrane pH gradient can be inferred from the shift in the resonances of extracellular and intracellular inorganic phosphate. Intracellular inorganic phosphate shows one homogeneous resonance peak upon illumination. This demonstrates that the mixing system, which has been developed for this application, functions efficiently. The magnitude of the light-dependent pH difference is 0.8 at the external pH 6. The width at half height of the internal inorganic phosphate peak is essentially independent of internal pH from pH 5--8, remains unchanged upon addition of uncoupler and is inversely proportional to the number of EDTA washings applied. These observations indicate that the inorganic phosphate NMR peak width is predominantly determined by the presence of a residual amount of paramagnetic cations, rather than by a broad distribution of internal pH values over the cells. Ionophores have an effect on the light dependent pH-gradient in accordance with the chemiosmotic theory: valinomycin increases, and carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone decreases, the magnitude of this gradient. PMID- 6972875 TI - Enhancement of visual cell response after illumination in the isolated frog retina. PMID- 6972874 TI - Implantation of mouse histocompatibility antigens into membranes of cultured tumor cells. AB - Membranes of murine lymphoma cells expressing H-2a antigens were isolated, purified and co-reconstituted with isolated Sendai virus envelopes according to a previously published procedure (Volsky, D.J. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1979. 76: 5440.). The resulting hybrid H-2a/Sendai virus envelope vesicles (SH-2a vesicles) were capable of binding to and fusing with mouse lymphoma cells. The fusion resulted in the implantation of H-2a antigens into membranes of target cells, as demonstrated by the presence of serologically active antigens on cultured cells 8 and 16 h after implantation. PMID- 6972870 TI - Asymmetric and symmetric membrane reconstitution by detergent elimination. Studies with Semliki-Forest-virus spike glycoprotein and penicillinase from the membrane of Bacillus licheniformis. AB - The dissociation and reconstitution of the Semliki Forest virus membrane using the nonionic detergent octyl beta-D-glucoside was studied by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The dissociation occurred in three stages: lysis at a free equilibrium octyl glucoside concentration of 14--18 mM, solubilization at 18 -20 mM, and delipidation of the spike glycoproteins at the critical micellar concentration (22 mM) or higher. After solubilization the spike glycoproteins were present as soluble complexes with sedimentation coefficients of 19 S and 6 S. The 6-S form probably corresponded to a glycoprotein monomer complexed to detergent and the 19-S form consisted of oligomeric detergent-protein complexes. The two forms were in slow equilibrium with each other. When the soluble spike protein complexes and egg lecithin solubilized with octyl glucoside were mixed and the octyl glucoside concentration lowered either by dialysis or by dilution, reconstitution occurred. Three types of products were obtained: vesicles with 30% of the spike protein facing inwards and 70% facing outwards, vesicles with virtually all (95%) of the spike proteins pointing outwards, and small protein rich soluble aggregates [Helenius et al. (1977) J. Cell Biol. 75, 866]. It was demonstrated that during reconstitution the symmetric vesicles were formed at 19 mM free equilibrium octyl glucoside by the association of the 6-S protein complexes with the phospholipids, and the asymmetric vesicles were formed at 10- 16 mM octyl glucoside when the 19-S complexes associated with the lipids. Asymmetric membrane vesicles were also obtained when membrane penicillinase from Bacillus licheniformis was reconstituted with egg lecithin using octyl glucoside. It could be shown that the penicillinase was oligomeric at the octyl glycoside concentration where the reconstitution occurred. The results demonstrate that different mechanisms of reconstitution give rise to the symmetric and the asymmetric vesicles. The critical factor in determining the mechanism is the state of aggregation of the proteins at the octyl glucoside concentration where membranes begin to form from the solubilized lipids. PMID- 6972876 TI - Neural structures essential for the control of prolactin surges in the female rat. PMID- 6972877 TI - Protein degradation in human T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6972878 TI - Cell surface protease activity of human lymphocytes; its inhibition by alpha 1 antitrypsin. PMID- 6972879 TI - [Obstetrical procedure in puerperal management]. PMID- 6972880 TI - [Control of hemorrhage in exodontia and oral surgery]. PMID- 6972882 TI - [Neuronal activity of the frog medulla oblongata in response to chemical stimulation of gustatory and cutaneous chemoreceptors]. AB - The unit activity of medulla oblongata extracellularly recorded during stimulation of the taste receptors and skin chemoreceptors with solutions of the hydrochloric and citric acids, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, in the majority of neurons responded at least to the solutions of one acid and one salt. The number of units which responded to all the solutions was twice as high on stimulation of taste receptors than skin chemoreceptors. The chemical stimuli graduation analysis is more suitable in the case of taste receptor stimulation. The peculiarities of the primary center unit activity response to the stimulation of the receptive fields in question may be connected with different role of taste and skin chemoreceptors in adaptive behaviour. PMID- 6972881 TI - [Role of tissue depots and the kaliuretic effect of aldosterone in potassium homeostasis]. AB - The concentration of potassium in the blood serum and in the skeletal muscle increased in consequence of daily administration of 1.25% KCl solution during 4 days in rats and frogs. The concentration of potassium in frog m. soleus increased by over 50%. DOCA administration together with KCl solution increased the excretion of potassium by kidney. Olivomycin and puromycin inhibited the sodium reabsorption and did not effect the potassium secretion by rat kidney. PMID- 6972883 TI - [Histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6972884 TI - Growth of human colorectal tumor xenografts in immunosuppressed mice reconstituted with normal cells. AB - The growth of human colorectal tumor xenograft lines was studied in immunosuppressed mice after reconstitution with sensitized and nonsensitized macrophages, thymocytes and splenocytes obtained from normal mice. Intravenously injected macrophages caused temporary inhibition of tumor growth. This effect needed intact cells and was independent from the presence of the spleen. The weight of spleen increased in normal mice sensitized with xenograft tumor, and the sensitized splenocytes injected into tumor-bearing immunosuppressed mice caused substantial tumor-growth delay. PMID- 6972885 TI - The early ontogeny of hematopoietic cells studied by grafting cytogenetically labeled tissue anlagen: localization of a prospective stem cell compartment. PMID- 6972886 TI - [Sclerosing cholangitis and histiocytosis X. Report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972887 TI - Microcirculation of intestinal lymphoid follicles in rat Peyer's patches. AB - Peyer's patch microvasculature carries recirculating lymphoid cells into lymphoid follicles and supports vigorous metabolic demands of crypts and replicating germinal centers. Scanning electron microscopy of methyl methacrylate casts of blood vessels in rat intestinal Peyer's patches revealed that ascending arterioles pierce follicles and feed to a subepithelial capillary network beneath the follicle surface. These capillaries interconnect with baskets of capillaries beneath adjacent crypts and flow into postcapillary venules in thymus-dependent areas around the follicle perimeters. This pattern is a modification of the fountain pattern in villi and reflects the secondary development of germinal centers of B lymphocytes between central ascending arterioles and peripheral postcapillary venules. Sections of glycol methacrylate-embedded follicles injected with India ink revealed multiple fine capillaries in germinal centers not detected by previous techniques. Capillary flow from follicle apex to adjacent crypts provides a route for feedback control of replenishment of the specialized antigen-trapping epithelium covering follicles, and it is an opportunity for absorbed materials and cellular products beneath the epithelium to modify migration of lymphocytes out of postcapillary venules into follicles. PMID- 6972888 TI - Variceal hemorrhage. PMID- 6972890 TI - [Animal experiments on cementing small osteochondral fragments with fibrin glue]. AB - An experiment on revascularization of glued osteochondral fragments was carried out. A chiseled part of the medial femoral condyle of the knee joint of the rabbit was fixed on the right side with an acryl adhesive and on the left side with a new fibrinogen adhesive system (FAS), consisting of highly concentrated fibrinogen, thrombin, and factor XIII. The animals were sacrificed after three, six, ten, and twenty eight days. The FAS is changed into granulation tissue rich in vessels and, therefore, there is a quick revascularization of the fragments soon after three days. On the contrary the acryl adhesive is a foreign body and prevents ingrowth of capillaries during the time of investigation. Immobilization with plaster is necessary to prevent the fragment from gliding off. PMID- 6972892 TI - Genetically determined deficiencies in IgA and IgG. AB - Disturbance in the immune response can be caused by malfunction of T and/or B cells. Certain inborn errors such as absence of enzymes in the purine salvage pathway, may lead to severe combined immunodeficiencies or to other syndromes related to impaired immune response, that are mostly diseases of infancy. Selective immunodeficiencies in one or more immunoglobulin subclasses are less severe and occur among adults. The best known is IgA deficiency. The first case of IgG3 subclass deficiency was described in 1976 [13]. Examples of IgG1 and IgG2 deficiencies are reported in this paper. The implication of structural and of regulator genes in the various defects is discussed. PMID- 6972895 TI - [Temperature dependence of the effects of isoproterenol on the isolated bullfrog myocardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 6972893 TI - [Immunological, cytochemical and cytological study of lymphocytes in neoplastic and hypoplastic states of hemopoiesis]. AB - The T and B lymphocytes, their semiquantitative cytochemistry and the nuclei were investigated in human acute and chronic leukaemia (All, CLL) and hypoplastic anaemia (HA), as well as in mice with chronic benzene poisoning (CBI). In the acute phase of ALL T and B markers were absent. In all phases, including remission, cytochemical changes and changes in the structure of nucleoli were present. In CLL, two variants of immunological alterations were found, a B cell variant and a mixed B-T cell variant. Immunological and cytochemical changes in HA and CBI were identical and this allowed to conclude that CBI is an adequate model of certain variants of human HA. The immunological and cytochemical changes in CLL, HA and CBI affected both T and B cells. PMID- 6972891 TI - [Cementing of small osteochondral fragments in hand surgery using a fibrin glue- clinical experiences]. AB - A short historical review of the development of a new fibrinogen adhesive system, consisting of highly concentrated fibrinogen, thrombin, and factor XIII, is given. Small osteochondral fragments are well fixed with this system. This was demonstrated in five cases with good success, the fragments being early revascularized. Some of these patients have had severe damage to the finger joint surface. The problems of a prematured fibrinolysis were discussed. PMID- 6972894 TI - [Treatment of upper ankle distortion]. PMID- 6972897 TI - On vibration sense. PMID- 6972896 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi) types in Korean and Chinese populations. AB - Alpha-1-1-antitrypsin phenotypes were determined by isoelectric focusing in 270 Koreans and 52 Chinese. The frequencies of the major alleles were the following, numbers for the Chinese sample are in parentheses: PiM1: 0.65 (0.66), PiM2: 0.22 (0.25), PiM3: 0.06 (0.09). Other alleles, including PiZ were present in low frequencies. The Koreans appear to be quite similar to the Chinese in this system. PMID- 6972899 TI - [Influence of beta-lactamases on bacterial resistance (author's transl)]. AB - Several factors influence the antibacterial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics. Protection against attack by beta-lactam antibiotics can be provided by several mechanisms, e.g. the production of inactivating enzymes such as beta-lactamases. Gram-positive bacteria produce a penicillin-hydrolysing enzyme exhibiting only minor molecular variants; among gram-negative bacteria, however, there is a number of enzymes with various substrate profiles. Plasmid-mediated, species independent enzymes deserve special attention. The production of a beta-lactamase cannot be regarded as the sole determinant in resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics; moreover, it is the interaction with other mechanisms that provides protection against the attack of beta-lactam compounds. Above all, the ability of the antibiotic to penetrate the "outer membrane" at a sufficient rate to reach its target before being inactivated by beta-lactamases is especially important. PMID- 6972898 TI - MPsaintlouis: a new antitrypsin phenotype. PMID- 6972889 TI - Regional blood flow and the localisation of lymphoblasts in the small intestine of the mouse: effect of an elemental diet. AB - To test the hypothesis that food antigens influence the in vivo migration of lymphoblasts to the small intestine, the effect of an elemental diet (Vivonex) on the distribution of lymphoblasts within the small intestine of mice has been examined. Viable lymphoblasts from the mesenteric nodes of conventionally fed animals were labelled in vitro and given intravenously to recipient mice fed either a standard diet or elemental diet. The localisation of these cells within the small intestine was altered in the animals fed the elemental diet but only in the distal half of the small intestine. The relationship of the localisation of blast cells to the delivery of cardiac output along the small intestine was examined by assessing cell localisation in conjunction with the distribution of an isotopic indicator (86RbC1). The results show that the pattern of localisation of lymphoblasts within the small intestine is related to the probability that they will be delivered to different regions by the blood stream. Therefore, the alterations in blast localisation in the small intestine of animals of the elemental diet can be viewed as a consequence of changes in the perfusion of the distal small intestine. These results do not support the concept that antigens directly influence the efficiency with which blast cells migrate into the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 6972900 TI - Failure of C3H mice to develop lung granuloma after intravenous injection of BCG cell wall vaccine. Demonstration of a defect in lymphoid cells. AB - C57Bl/6 (B6) mice produced highly developed granulomata in the lung 3 or 4 weeks after intravenous injection with oil-associated BCG cell walls (CW), but C3H/He (C3H) mice did not. The potential to develop granulomata is genetically controlled (Yamamoto & Kakinuma, 1978). It is probable that the genes control only T-cell mediated granuloma and not non-specific inflammation prior to onset of immunopathological response. The retention of an FITC-labelled BCG CW preparation in the lungs of B6 and C3H mice did not differ until 10 days after injection, although 24 hr uptake of 125 I-labelled BCG CW in B6 lung was twice as much as that in C3H lung. Furthermore, C3H mice did not show a secondary type granuloma response in the lungs after subsequent injections of BCG CW. In experiments using radiation chimaeras, B6 mice reconstituted with C3H bone marrow cells were unable to produce a granulomatous response to BCG CW. In contrast, C3H mice reconstituted with B6 bone marrow cells showed a good granulomatous response. These results suggest that the C3H mice possessed a deficiency within their lympho-haematopoietic cells. PMID- 6972902 TI - Regulation of immune responses against the syngeneic ADJ-PC-5 plasmacytoma in BALB/c mice. II. Suppression of T-cell cytotoxicity by pretreatment of mice with subimmunogenic doses of tumour cells. AB - Protective immunity towards a lethal dose of 10(4) living ADJ-PC-5 cells can be induced in 56% of BALB/c mice by treating them with 10(7) irradiated cells. This protection can be modulated by pretreatment of animals with lower numbers of irradiated tumour cells. Repeated injections of 10(1) cells before immunization and challenge with tumour cells lead to tumours in only 16% of the animals, whereas repeated injections of 10(5) cells shift the tumour incidence to 78%. The enhanced tumour incidence is paralleled by suppression of T-cell cytotoxicity which can be transferred by spleen cells into 100 r-irradiated BALB/c mice. The possible significance of induction of specific immunosuppression during the initial stages of tumour growth is discussed. It is stressed that this suppression becomes effective at a dose 10(3) times lower than that which could induce protective immunity. PMID- 6972901 TI - Helper activity of T lymphocytes which have been stimulated by keyhole limpet haemocyanin in vitro. AB - Details are given of a system for keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)-induced DNA synthesis by murine T lymphocytes in vitro. Lymph node T cells from mice primed with KLH and Bordetella pertussis were stimulated with KLH under the defined conditions, and it was found that such cultured cells exhibited substantial non specific helper activity. In contrast similarly primed T cells which had not been cultured showed only antigen-specific help. It is concluded that proper account should be taken of non-specific effects when studying the activity of antigen specific helper cells in in vitro. PMID- 6972903 TI - Studies on T-lymphocyte activation. I. Is competence inductions in thymocytes by phorbol myristate acetate, an accessory cell-independent event? AB - The effect of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on lectin-induced murine thymocyte activation was studied. PMA itself failed to stimulate thymocyte proliferation, but potentiated concanavalin A (Con A)-induced thymocyte activation. A brief incubation of thymocytes with PMA changed the responsiveness of these cells to an optimal mitogenic dose of Con A present during the entire subsequent culture period. Further studies showed that PMA induced in a dose-dependent way within 30 min. an optimal competence of thymocytes to respond to the T-cell growth factor interleukin-2 (IL-2). In contrast to lectin-triggered competence induction, PMA triggered induction of competence in thymocytes seemed to be independent of accessory cells. PMID- 6972904 TI - Regulation of the IgE antibody response in mice. II. Radioresistance of established IgE antibody production. AB - The protracted IgE anti-ovalbumin (OA) response given by BDF1 mice was studied using an adoptive transfer model. Spleen cells taken from immunized BDF1 mice can produce IgE antibody in irradiated recipients without further overt antigenic challenge. Depletion of macrophages in active spleen cell suspensions did not diminish the capacity of the remaining cells to give an adoptive response. Evidently the cells subserving the adoptive response are not fully developed in donor mice until 4 weeks after immunization, since spleen cells removed at shorter intervals after immunization gave either no or weak adoptive responses. The production of IgE antibody in irradiated recipient mice is prevented if transferred B or T lymphocytes are treated in vitro with either gamma irradiation or mitomycin C, suggesting proliferation of both B and T lymphocytes is essential for the adoptive response to develop. However, the requirement for proliferation is only transient, since one IgE antibody production reached a steady state in the adoptive recipients, it manifested extreme resistance to high dose irradiation. Whole body irradiation of 800 and 1000 rad was without effect on sustained IgE production. This latter observation was valid for both intact mice which were irradiated 8 weeks after immunization and also for irradiated adoptively immunized mice. It is suggested that the IgE anti-OA antibody measured in serum of BDF1 mice several months after immunization with 1 microgram OA and 1 mg Al(OH)3 is the product of long-lived antibody secreting cells. PMID- 6972905 TI - Human T-lymphocyte colonies: generation of colonies in different lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - The generation of human T-lymphocyte colonies from different lymphocyte subpopulations in the presence of PHA alone, or PHA plus media conditioned by PHA stimulated lymphocytes (PHA-LCM) has been investigated. The separation technique consisted of phagocytic cell depletion by carbonyl iron treatment and fractionation of non-phagocytic cells (NP cells) into B cells and T + null cells by affinity chromatography on an anti-F(ab')2 column. The T cells were separated from the null cells by E-rosette sedimentation. Under these conditions, we showed that: no T-lymphocyte colonies were obtained from the null-cell subset in the presence of PHA of PHA + PHA-LCM; T-lymphocyte-colony formation potential was retained in the T-cell subset. Some variability was observed in the production of T colonies using peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from different donors. Low producers and high producers of T-lymphocyte colonies were encountered. The low production of T-lymphocyte colonies observed in some donors was due to a suppressive effect mediated by the phagocytic cells, probably monocytes. The anti F(ab')2 immunoadsorbent retained a cell population necessary for T-lymphocyte colony growth. PMID- 6972907 TI - Late treatment of murine lupus erythematosus with dactinomycin. II. C1 and antibody to DNA. AB - (NZB x NZW)F1 hybrid (B/W) female mice were treated intermittently with dactinomycin beginning at 6--6.5 months of age. Survival was greatly prolonged relative to control mice. IgG antibody to DNA did not decline significantly in the treated mice until they were more than 18 months old, but circulating levels of the first complement component (Cl) rose during the first 4 weeks of treatment and were back into the normal range after 8 weeks. Thus these two humoral indexes of disease activity varied independently, and only Cl reflected the improved status of the treated mice. PMID- 6972906 TI - Evidence for the presence of a low molecular-weight activator of suppressor monocytes (LASM) in dialysates of T lymphocytes. AB - Lysates of peripheral blood T lymphocytes from healthy individuals were found to contain a low molecular-weight peptide that inhibited phytohaemagglutinin-induced DNA synthesis in vitro by autologous or allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The peptide was dialysable, partially heat stable, resistant to trypsin, RNase, and DNase but not to pronase, and was not part of the membrane receptor involved in rosette formation by T lymphocytes with sheep erythrocytes. It was found to act through monocytes, inducing the synthesis of second mediator responsible for the inhibition of lymphocyte DNA synthesis. This inducer of inhibition, designated as "low molecular-weight activator of suppressor monocytes' (LASM), may have a role in the depression of cellular immune response seen in various pathological conditions involving the destruction of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6972909 TI - Tolerance to allotypic determinants induced by lymphoid cells from congenic mice bearing the allotype. AB - Mice of one allotype (Igb) were immunized against immunoglobulin from a congenic strain of mice bearing another allotype (Iga). This Igb anti-Iga response was profoundly suppressed by injecting lymphoid cells from congenic Iga mice but not by serum Iga. Suppression was specific, could be induced by congenic B cells but not histoincompatible lymphoid cells and depended both on the time of administration of cells relative to immunogenic challenge and to the number of cells injected. Unresponsiveness was more easily induced in neonates than adults. It is considered that tolerance to the allotype depends on the properties of the cells to which they are bound. PMID- 6972908 TI - Antibody penetration into living cells. V. Interference between two fc gamma receptor-mediated functions: antibody penetration and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - The same Fc gamma receptor appears to be shared for two important phenomena: antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody penetration into living cells. ADCC is inhibited through interaction with the Fc gamma receptor during the antibody penetration process, indicating that both mechanisms may modulate each other in vitro. PMID- 6972910 TI - Immune components of the intestinal mucosae of ageing and protein deficient mice. AB - The studies were designed to investigate the effect of ageing and low protein (4%) diet on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and IgA concentration in the intestine. Both ADCC activity and IgA concentration were shown to reach mature levels at 17 weeks old. The effect of ageing was greater on ADCC activity which showed a drastic drop in activity at 75 weeks old than IgA which had only a slight decline in concentration at this age. The low protein diet has a greater suppressive effect on IgA concentration than on ADCC activity. As the duration of feeding low protein to the young mice increased, greater decline in IgA concentration in the intestine was observed. There was, however, no significant difference from the normal mice in ADCC activity and IgA concentration of aged and adult mice given short term (8 weeks) low protein diet. PMID- 6972912 TI - Characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations which exhibit enhanced DNA synthesis in vitro in DNFB contact sensitive guinea-pigs. AB - Different lymphocyte subpopulations were prepared from lymph nodes and spleen obtained from 2.4-dinitrofluorobenzene/Freund's complete adjuvant (DNFB/FCA) sensitized guinea-pigs. The capacity to react in vitro to secondary antigenic (dinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic macrophages, DNP-MO) stimulation by an increased DNA synthesis, appeared to be restricted to those T cells which lack receptors for IgG-Fc (T gamma -). We confirmed the existence in this species of an IgG-Fc receptor-positive T-cell subset, which is particularly represented in the spleen (up to 56%). These T gamma + cells apparently are not of monocyte lineage as they show strong PHA-responsiveness and a lack of non-specific esterase staining, whereas the majority of these cells form RRBC-rosettes. Neither B nor T gamma + cells appeared to act as suppressor cells in the secondary DNP-MO-driven proliferative response. PMID- 6972913 TI - Thymocytotoxic autoantibodies found in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. AB - Thymocytotoxic autoantibodies were demonstrated in sera of C3H/HeJms, C57BL/6J, and ddY mice infected with 50 cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum, using C57BL/6J thymocytes as target cells in the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Kinetic study revealed that thymocytotoxic activity began to increase at week 6 of infection, reached a maximum at 8 weeks, and thereafter decreased gradually. Thymocytotoxic antibodies had an optimal reactivity at 4 degrees C and were sensitive to 2 mercaptoethanol treatment, suggesting that they were immunoglobulin M in nature. The cytotoxicity was completely abolished by absorption with C57BL/6J thymocytes but not with S. japonicum parasites or eggs. The antigen reacting with thymocytotoxic antibodies was found in the thymus, brain, spleen, and, to a lesser extent, kidney and liver. In parallel with the appearance of thymocytotoxic antibodies, the increase of background plaque-forming cells to trinitrophenyl, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and sheep erythrocytes in the spleen of S. japonicum-infected mice suggested that te induction of thymocytotoxic antibodies may be the consequence of polyclonal B-lymphocyte stimulation by the infection. PMID- 6972914 TI - Comparative virulence of Haemophilus influenzae with a type b or type d capsule. AB - To determine the importance of specific capsule type in the pathogenesis of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease, we compared the virulence of type b and type d strains isolated from different children with the virulence of transformation-derived type b and type d organisms. In addition, the unencapsulated derivative of these strains was also examined. Virulence was assessed by determining the ability of the strains to produce bacteremia with intranasal or subcutaneous inoculation. Unencapsulated derivatives were unable to cause bacteremia by any route; all type b strains (whether natural or derived by transformation), a natural type d, and a type d derived by transformation were able to produce bacteremia with similar frequency (42 to 62%) when 10(7) colony forming units was given intranasally. Subcutaneous inoculation of 10(3) colony forming units of strains with the type b capsule produced bacteremia at a greater frequency than did the strains with the type d capsule (P less than 0.002). The type d isolate was more virulent than a mutagenized derivative of the strain. We conclude that the type b strains are more virulent than type d when inoculated subcutaneously. PMID- 6972911 TI - Rat erythrocytes elicit antibody formation against RT1.A region-determined antigens in allogeneic recipients. AB - Highly purified erythrocytes of inbred LEW (RT1(1)) rats (LEW-E) elicited antibody responses in inbred BN (RT1n) rats. Intravenous infusion of 1 X 10(8) LEW-E elicited IgM haemagglutinins and after one further infusion of LEW-E IgG haemagglutinins were raised as well. These haemagglutinins were mainly directed to RT1.A region-determined classical transplantation antigens but a weak response to non-RT1 minor histocompatibility antigens was also obtained. In the reciprocal combination erythrocytes of BN and LEW.1N rats, which carry the RT1n haplotype on the LEW strain genetic background, infused into LEW rats yielded strong IgM haemagglutinin responses to RT1.A antigens only but failed to elicit IgG antibody. Infusion of LEW.1N rats with LEW-E elicited only weak IgM haemagglutinin responses. These findings demonstrate that RT1.A antigens are immunogenic for they elicit IgM alloantibody responses. IgG haemagglutinin responses to LEW-E may depend on the presence of minor histocompatibility antigens in conjunction with RT1.A antigens on LEW-E or alternatively on control by Ir-genes located outside the RT1 complex. PMID- 6972915 TI - Identification of immunogenic outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus influenzae type b in the infant rat model system. AB - Outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus influenzae type b which are immunogenic in infant rats were identified by a radioimmunoprecipitation method. Intact cells of H. influenzae type b were radioiodinated by a lactoperoxidase-catalyzed procedure, and an outer membrane-containing fraction was prepared from these cells. These radioiodinated outer membranes were mixed with sera obtained from rats convalescing from systemic H. influenzae type b disease induced at 6 days of age, and the resultant (antibody-outer membrane protein antigen) complexes were extracted from these membranes by treatment with nonionic detergent and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. These soluble antibody-antigen complexes were isolated by means of adsorption to protein A-bearing staphylococci, and the radioiodinated protein antigens were identified by gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. Infant rats were shown to mount a readily detectable antibody response to several different proteins present in the outer membrane of H. influenzae type b. Individual infant rats were found to vary both qualitatively and quantitatively in their immune response to these immunogenic outer membrane proteins. PMID- 6972917 TI - Characterization of the effector cell that mediates cytotoxicity against Theileria parva (East Coast fever) in immune cattle. AB - After fractionation and depletion of peripheral blood leukocytes from cattle that were immune to Theileria parva, the effector cells which mediated cytotoxicity against parasitized autologous lymphocytes were considered to be thymusderived lymphocytes. PMID- 6972918 TI - Serum and urinary vanadium of workers processing vanadium pentoxide. AB - Serum and urinary vanadium concentrations were investigated in eight men exposed to vanadium pentoxide dust. The creatinine-adjusted urinary vanadium concentrations were found to correlate with serum vanadium concentrations (r = 0.81), but not with the vanadium contents of factory air. The urinary vanadium excretion decreased significantly with the time the workers spent out of exposure. At the beginning of their summer holidays the serum vanadium concentration of the workers was 393 +/- 223 (S.D.) nmol/l and the urinary excretion of vanadium 73 +/- 50 nmol/mmol of creatinine. Three days after exposure the urinary excretion of vanadium was 46 +/- 24 nmol/mmol of creatinine. On the 16th day of their holidays vanadium could be detected in the serum (225 +/ 83 nmol/l) and in the urine (48 +/- 26 nmol/mmol of creatinine) of the workers. Eight family members of the exposed had less vanadium in urine (32 +/- 17 nmol/mmol of creatinine). These results suggest that most of the absorbed vanadium is excreted in the urine within one day after a long-term moderate exposure to vanadium dust. PMID- 6972919 TI - Imbalances of T cell subpopulations in primary immunodeficiencies and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In the present report we describe a recently proposed technique for the enumeration of T lymphocyte subpopulations. The study was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 21 patients with primary immunodeficiencies and 10 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). With this methodology, sheep rosettes are evaluated before and after preincubation with theophylline. Previous reports have shown that cells rosetting after the preincubation (T-res) contain most of the percentages of the helper activity, whereas sensitive cells (T-sens) exert suppression. T-res and T-sens cells were compared to several clinical and immunological parameters, including the detection of lymphocytes with Fc IgM and IgG receptors. We demonstrated a significant positive correlation between T-res and and EAox IgM cells and between T-sens and EAox IgG cells. In addition, patients with Ig defects demonstrated heterogeneity regarding alterations in the proportions of T-res and T-sens cells. On the contrary, in 8 patients with SLE, there was a markedly reduced proportion of T-sens cells. Variations in the balance of subpopulations were observed after treatment with thymic hormones and levamisole. We may conclude that theophylline rosettes represent an easy technique that can be profitably used in the evaluation of T cell subpopulations in immunological diseases. PMID- 6972916 TI - Selective induction of immunological tolerance in antiviral T killer cells of inbred mice after treatment with cyclosporin A. AB - Primary anti-influenza A cytotoxic thymus-derived (T) and bone marrow (B) lymphocyte-dependent responses in inbred mice were used as an in vivo model system to study the effects of the immunosuppressive fungus metabolite cyclosporin A (CyA). Five consecutive daily oral applications of CyA, with the first being given 1 or 2 h before virus inoculation of the animals, caused a complete blockage of induction of anti-influenza T killer cells and a partial reduction of cytotoxic B lymphocyte activities. Adoptive cell transfer experiments revealed that incapability to respond was due neither to humoral factors nor to the generation of suppressor cells. The tolerance state appeared to be specific for influenza A; cytotoxic T lymphocytes against allogeneic cell surface determinants could be stimulated in immunosuppressed mice. CyA treatment abolished virus-specific and cross-reactive anti-influenza killer T cell responses. Suppression was of short duration: less than 1 week for B cell dependent functions, and between 1 and 2 weeks for T killer cell responses. Animals appeared to be normal with regard to both of these cellular activities for 4 weeks after tolerance induction. Thus, the data indicate that CyA exerted preferential effects on killer T cells. Moreover, evidence was presented that CyA treatment during an ongoing influenza infection did not increase sensitivity to that virus. Mice with no measurable cytolytic anti-influenza T killer cell activities but significant B cell responses, although partially diminished by the drug, were completely protected against the lethal effects of influenza infection. PMID- 6972920 TI - The prickly lettuce agglutinin. II. Immunobiological properties. AB - The prickly lettuce agglutinin (PLA), extracted from leaves of the plant Lactuca scariole, was tested for immunomodulatory effects on C57BL/6 mice. When administered with antigen in vivo, 50 micrograms PLA caused an enhancement of the primary splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to the helper T cell-dependent antigens sheep red blood cells and trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin; higher doses of PLA (200 micrograms) resulted in depressed responses to these antigens. Similarly, 50 micrograms PLA enhanced the B cell response to SIII, a helper T cell-independent antigen, but higher doses did not cause significant depression of the SIII-specific PFC response. When PLA (less than 25 micrograms) was coincubated with spleen cells and antigen, sheep red blood cells or SIII, in vitro the primary PFC response was enhanced; higher doses of PLA (greater than or equal to 25 micrograms) depressed cell culture viability and also depressed the resultant PFC responses. In the in vitro studies, stimulatory doses of PLA were effective only when added to cultures before or with antigen. In tests for mitogenic effects of PLA on spleen cells, PLA was found to be nonstimulatory. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that PLA may modulate murine splenic primary B cell responses by providing a stimulatory signal to B cells. The nature of the suppressive effect in vivo is unknown but may be attributable to antigenic competition. PMID- 6972921 TI - Effect of the new immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin-A, on natural killer cell and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity. AB - Athymic nude mouse homozygotes (nu/nu) and the heterozygote nu/nu+ were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg of cyclosporin-A (CS-A) twice, 72 and 1 h prior to analysis. We have found that in vivo administration of CS-A results in a significant suppression of natural killer (NK) cell and antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) activity which probably play an important role in tumor and graft rejection. T cells were also suppressed, in contrast, B cells were found to be immunocompetent as determined by cell proliferation and antibody forming capacity in response to mitogens and antigens. The identity of cells mediating NK cell and ADCC activity and its relationship to T lymphocytes are also discussed. PMID- 6972922 TI - Early changes in the glycopeptides of human B-lymphocytes after Epstein-Barr virus infection in vitro. AB - Human B lymphocytes obtained from healthy donors were infected with Epstein-Barr virus in vitro. From the initiation of infection to the final establishment of a permanent lymphoblastoid cell line, fucosyl glycopeptides of the cell surface were investigated. In order of appearance the following events took place: expression of Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen, mitotic activity of the cells and specific glycopeptide alterations on the cell surface. This specific alteration in glycopeptides, as determined by gel filtration, is manifested by the appearance of fast-eluting glycopeptides and was similar to that found on Burkitt lymphoma cells. Neither pokeweed-mitogen-stimulated B lymphocytes nor exponentially growing normal T lymphocytes exposed fast-eluting glycopeptides on their surfaces. Therefore, it is concluded that the appearance of these fast-eluting glycopeptides on the surface of lymphoblastoid cells after EBV infection is not the result of culture conditions or conditions of growth as such. The similarity with glycopeptides derived from Burkitt lymphoma cells, and the observation that a considerable proportion of the B cells becomes immortalized, are discussed. PMID- 6972923 TI - Further studies on the immunosuppressive effects of indomethacin. AB - Oral administration of indomethacin inhibited immune response to sheep red blood cells in mice as assessed by direct plaque-forming cells. Serum titers, subsequent to immunization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide, were also diminished in the indomethacin-treated mice. These effects were independent of both the antigen used as well as the magnitude of the primary immune response obtained. Prostaglandins are suggested to play a positive role in in vivo B cell proliferation and function. PMID- 6972924 TI - Circulating immune complexes detected by C1q solid phase assay in leprosy. AB - Sixty-three sera of patients with leprosy were tested for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) by C1q solid phase assay (C1qSPA). The mean values in CIC levels in leprosy patients were very high in comparison to native and European controls. No difference was found in the tuberculoid and lepromatous forms, but there was a good correlation between the presence of CIC and autoantibodies. PMID- 6972926 TI - The effect of x-irradiation on aqueous media containing traces of oxygen. AB - The effect of X-irradiation on small amounts of oxygen dissolved in 1 mM potassium chloride solution, tap water or Eagle's tissue culture medium has been followed with polarographic electrodes. Oxygen is removed from all these solutions down to concentrations corresponding to a few parts per million in the gas phase. Small amounts of hydrogen are also produced by irradiation and can be measured polarographically. Except in Eagle's medium, hydrogen peroxide is formed in the anoxic solutions, and molecular oxygen can be detected after irradiation when catalase is present in the solution. A non-volatile polarographically reducible substance is generated by irradiation of anoxic Eagle's medium. It is not decomposed by catalase but decays spontaneously in solution at a slow rate. PMID- 6972925 TI - The effect of acute far field exposure at 2.45 GHz on the mouse testis. AB - Male C3H mice were exposed in an anechoic chamber to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation. The exposures ranged from 1000 Wm-2 for 5 min to 100 Wm-2 for 260 min, giving dose rates to the testis ranging from 66 Wkg-1 to 7 Wkg-1. The mice were killed six days later and the testes examined histologically. Quantitatively, no significant effects were seen on cells identified as X-ray sensitive (spermatogonia type B) or heat sensitive (early primary spermatocytes and late primary and secondary spermatocytes) or on the sperm count. Extrapolation of these results to man would suggest that acute exposure to the Maximum Permissible Exposure level of 100 Wm-2 has no effect on the testes in the ranges 1 to 3.5 MHz and 300 MHz to 100 GHz. There was insufficient data to comment on other frequencies. PMID- 6972927 TI - Late effects of whole or partial body x-irradiation on mice: life shortening. AB - Life table data were obtained on 2400 ddY/SLC female mice exposed at 10 weeks of age to a single dose of X-rays. Doses given to the whole body were 95, 190, 380 and 570 rad, and to head, trunk or lower body, 190, 380, 570 and 760 rad. The mean survival time of unirradiated controls was 73 weeks. The mean survival times after whole body exposure decreased linearly with increasing dose. The estimate of life shortening per 100 rad was 7.2 per cent for whole body exposure. The life shortening after head or lower body exposure to a dose of 190 rad was 6.2 and 7.1 weeks respectively, and almost no further life shortening up to 760 rad. After trunk irradiation with 190 rad, life shortening was 10.4 weeks and beyond that dose life shortening was 1.1 per cent per 100 rad. PMID- 6972929 TI - Protein composition of cells, nuclei and chromatin from some radiosensitive and radioresistant mouse tissues. AB - The radioresistant tissues, heart, liver, lung and kidney, contain 2 to 15 times more protein per cell, nucleus and chromatin compared with the radiosensitive tissues, spleen and thymus. As determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in the nuclear fraction and chromatin of radiosensitive tissues there is a deficit of high molecular weight (Mw greater than 20 000) non-histone proteins. It is suggested that the radiosensitivity of lymphoid cells, which die of interphase death a few hours after exposure to small doses of radiation, is closely correlated with this deficit in non-histone proteins. PMID- 6972928 TI - Use of solubilizing agents to study radiosensitization in vitro by compounds of low water solubility. AB - A major disadvantage in studying the effects of chemicals on the radiation response of mammalian cells in vitro can be the poor water solubility of the chemicals. Using Chinese hamster cells we have overcome this problem by using dimethyl sulphoxide and ethanol as co-solvents. From studies using these co solvents and misonidazole as a standard we have demonstrated that these co solvents have no effect on sensitizing efficiency and cytotoxicity. A number of poorly water soluble 2-nitroimidazoles of promising structure have been studied. The results, together with those from studies on misonidazole and the co-solvents are presented. PMID- 6972930 TI - Theoretical approach for radiosensitizers. Correlation between calculated electroaffinity and sensitization factors of nitro-compounds. AB - The electron affinity of eight well-known nitroaromatic and nitroheterocyclic radiosensitizers is computed resorting to a quantum mechanical approach. Four of the compounds studied were nitroimidazoles; but p-nitroacetophenone and some 5 nitrofuran derivatives were also investigated for comparison. A good correlation between the theoretical electroaffinity values and the radiosensitization efficiencies is found in the case of the nitroimidazoles, in which the pi electron system appears to be limited to the aromatic ring, except for small side groups. In the case of molecules where the pi-electron system spreads out on the side-chain the theoretical procedure seems to fail. PMID- 6972931 TI - Effects of heavy ions on rabbit tissues: loss of electroretinogram and DNA repair in retinal photoreceptor cells. AB - Optic and proximate tissues of New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to the Bragg plateau regions of 530 MeV/amu Ar ions and 365 MeV/amu Ne ions and also to 60Co gamma rays. The linear energy transfers (LET infinity s) for the radiations were 90 +/- 5, 35 +/- 3 and 0.3 keV/micrometer, respectively. Single acute exposures to all three radiations caused only limited changes in the electroretinogram (ERG) until a critical dose was approached. At that dose, which was 45 +/- 3 Gy for all three types of radiation, a sudden loss in the b-wave of the ERG occurred. From less accurate measurements, it appeared that the response of the a-wave of the ERG was similar. The critical dose for ERG loss was reflected also in the rejoining of strand breaks in the DNA of retinal photoreceptor cells. Above the critical dose, the rejoining of DNA strand breaks was limited; below the critical dose, the rejoining of DNA strand breaks approached completion even though it took days to do so. In the latter respect, the response of photoreceptor cells to heavy-ion irradiation in situ is different from that reported for proliferating cells in culture. PMID- 6972932 TI - Radiolytic destruction of the transition-metal-binding site in concanavalin A. PMID- 6972933 TI - Sedimentation velocity studies of human methaemoglobin modified by gamma radiation. PMID- 6972934 TI - A comparison of the fixation of x-ray or heat damage in Chinese hamster cells exposed to anisotonic salt solutions. PMID- 6972935 TI - Depression of hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity by B. pertussis in splenectomized and athymic nude mice. AB - Administration of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis), Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum), and several other immunoactive substances is known to cause a marked decrease in the activity of the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase system. The effect of C parvum has been reported to involve the reticuloendothelial system. In the present study, the effect of B. pertussis administration to decrease hepatic microsomal drug metabolism was studied in unoperated, sham operated, and splenectomized mice as well as in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and their phenotypically heterozygous (+/nu) littermates. Administration of B. pertussis to the splenectomized, sham-operated, and unoperated mice resulted in a decrease in the activity of the microsomal enzyme system that was approximately the same for each of the three groups of animals. Administration of B. pertussis to nu/nu mice and the +/nu mice also decreased the microsomal enzyme activity measured 24 hr after injection. However, at 7 days after B. pertussis administration, the hepatic drug-metabolizing activity of the nu/nu mice was not significantly different from control values, whereas the activity of the +/nu mice was still significantly depressed. The failure of splenectomy to prevent the decrease in microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity caused by B. pertussis indicated that the effect of this agent differs from that of C. parvum, whose effect was prevented by splenectomy. Indeed, the results obtained with the athymic nude mouse suggests that the depression of hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity by B. pertussis may involve T-cell dependent responses. PMID- 6972936 TI - Effect of methylprednisolone on the production of neutrophil migration inhibition factor by T lymphocytes (NIF-T). AB - Glucocorticoids may suppress cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting lymphocyte mediator production or reducing the responsiveness of target cells to these mediators. Our laboratory recently described a newly recognized T-lymphocyte mediator, neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T-lymphocytes (NIF-T). In this report we assessed the effect of glucocorticoids on NIF-T activity. Methylprednisolone (MP) at concentrations as low as 10-7 M inhibited NIF-T activity from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in response to staphylococcal protein A (SPA) and concanavalin A (Con A). However, MP at concentrations as high as 10-4 M did not after the responsiveness of neutrophils to NIF-T. Therefore, the effect of MP on NIF-T activity was due to inhibition of mediator production. The effect of MP on NIF-T production was reversible in 24 hours. This finding is consistent with the clinical observation that alternate day therapy does not suppress cell-mediated immunity. Serum taken from a patient as early as one hour after oral administration of 100 mg of prednisone inhibited NIF-T production in vitro; serum obtained at 48 hr after prednisone had no measurable effect on NIF-T activity, In addition. MP inhibited NIF-T production by previously activated lymphocytes. PMID- 6972937 TI - Management of neoplasms of the head and neck in children. II. Malignant tumors. AB - The otolaryngologist who treats children must have knowledge of the neoplasms that can occur in childhood. Such tumors are usually mesenchymal in origin and may be benign or malignant. Diagnosis and management of the more common benign tumors are undertaken by the otolaryngologist because local excision is generally curative. The proper treatment of malignant lesions requires a more extensive, multidisciplinary team, which includes a pediatric oncologist, diagnostic and therapeutic radiologist, and pathologist, in addition to the otolaryngologist. This article outlines the types of malignant neoplasms that occur in childhood and discusses current approaches to therapy. PMID- 6972938 TI - Izumenolide-a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor produced by Micromonospora. I. Detection, isolation and characterization. AB - Micromonospora chalcea subsp. izumensis produces a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor izumenolide (EM4615). Isolation of izumenolide was performed by extraction into butanol under acidic conditions and then back extraction into water at neutrality. The compound was precipitated from the aqueous phase by the addition of calcium or barium salts. Further purification was achieved by distribution in BuOH - 1 N NaOH. Izumenolide is a macrolide containing sulfate ester groups. PMID- 6972939 TI - Izumenolide-a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor produced by Micromonospora. II. Biological properties. AB - Izumenolide is a potent inhibitor of beta-lactamases, especially from Gram negative bacteria. The I50 value of 0.01 microgram/ml for TEM-2 beta-lactamase, after 10 min preincubation, corresponds to a ratio of 7.6 moles inhibitor per mole of enzyme. The initial inhibitory reaction with TEM-2 beta-lactamase exhibits mixed reaction kinetics, suggesting a possible overlapping binding site with the active center. Tem-2 beta-lactamase is irreversible inactivated by izumenolide in a biphasic reaction. Carbenicillin offers partial protection against inactivation. Izumenolide exhibits limited antibiotic activity against some Gram-negative bacteria. Against beta-lactamase producing bacteria izumenolide provides protection to ampicillin and cephaloridine but the protection is limited due to permeability problems associated with izumenolide entry into the cells. PMID- 6972940 TI - Comparative inhibition of beta-lactamases by cephamycin antibiotics. PMID- 6972941 TI - Susceptibility of recent Shigella isolates to mecillinam, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. PMID- 6972943 TI - 'Methicillin resistant' Staphylococcus aureus infections during 1978-79: clinical and bacteriologic observations. PMID- 6972945 TI - Factors in the rat submaxillary gland that stimulate growth of cultured glioma cells: identification and partial characterization. AB - The effect of rat submaxillary extract on the growth of rat C6 glioma cells in serum-free culture has been examined. Extracts (10-15 microgram/ml) of submaxillary glands from both male and female rats markedly enhanced the growth of serum-deprived C6 cells and, in combination with insulin, transferrin, and NIH LH (a source of fibroblast growth factor), were able to stimulate C6 cell growth to an extent comparable to that achieved with an optimal amount of fetal calf serum. The mitogenic activity of rat submaxillary extracts was found to be heat labile, acid-stable, and partially inactivated by protease and 2-mercaptoethanol. Under our assay conditions, biologically active preparations of purified mouse submaxillary gland epidermal growth factor (EGF) or nerve growth factor (NGF) were not mitogenic for C6 cells, nor was the mitogenic activity of rat submaxillary extracts inhibited by antiserum to these mouse submaxillary gland growth factors. These results suggest that the active component(s) of rat submaxillary extracts is unrelated to either EGF or NGF. The growth-enhancing effect also appears unrelated to esteropeptidase activity present in these extracts since the mitogenic activity was unaffected by several protease inhibitors. Moreover, two purified mouse submaxillary gland arginylesteropeptidases, EGF-binding protein and gamma-subunit of 7 S NGF, were unable to elicit a comparable growth response even when added to cell culture medium at unreasonably high concentrations. The C6 cell mitogenic activity of crude submaxillary extracts could be separated into two biologically similar components by either gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, preparative isoelectric focusing in a pH gradient of 3-10, or adsorption to DEAE-cellulose followed by elution with a sodium chloride gradient. One of the active components was acidic in nature and had an apparent molecular weight of 40,000, while the other was near neutral in charge and possessed a molecular weight of approximately 20,000. The relationship between these two C6 cell mitogenic components and the rat submaxillary gland component responsible for stimulating Balb/c-3T3 cell growth in serum-free, factor supplemented medium (McClure et al., 1979, J. Cell Biol. 83:96a) is also discussed. PMID- 6972944 TI - Surgical experience with coronary arterial sequelae of Kawasaki disease in children. AB - The coronary arterial sequelae due to Kawasaki disease have been treated surgically in five children ranged from 6 to 9 years old. The procedures were aortocoronary bypass surgery in all cases, coronary artery aneurysmectomy in one case and left ventricular aneurysmectomy in one case. The early results of operated cases have been good with the graft patency of 86% confirmed by angiography one month after surgery. The characteristic features of coronary artery damage in patients with Kawasaki disease are coronary artery aneurysms, which manifest wall irregularity, thrombus, calcification and stenosis. The significant stenosis of coronary artery could often be observed at the inlet or outlet of the aneurysm in major coronary artery branches. Although the early results of aortocoronary bypass surgery in the children with Kawasaki disease have been good, long-term follow up is mandatory to investigate the status of autogenous saphenous vein grafted in children. PMID- 6972946 TI - Partial characterization of a mitogenic factor with somatomedin-like activity produced by culture WI-38 human fibroblasts. AB - Conditioned serum-free medium (CSFM) obtained from WI-38 human fibroblasts was found to contain a mitogenic factor(s) with somatomedin (SM)-like activity. Treatment of the cells with cycloheximide eliminated the SM-like activity in CSFM, suggesting that these cells produce and release the activity. Gel filtration revealed that the fibroblast SM-like activity (FSLA) had a molecular size near 45,000. Isoelectric focusing of this FSLA yielded 2 bands of SM activity with pIs of 4.7 and 6.1, and corresponding molecular sizes of approximately 29,000 and 16,500, respectively. The FSLA obtained by gel filtration revealed parallel dose response curves with a basic SM in a SM radioreceptor and radioimmunoassay and stimulated: (1) 35So4 uptake by hypophysectomized rat cartilage; (2) (U-14C) glucose oxidation is isolated rat adipocytes; and (3) (3H) thymidine uptake and cell division in these same WI-38 fibroblasts. Out studies indicate that this FSLA and basic SM are similar but not identical. PMID- 6972947 TI - Sodium fluxes in human fibroblasts: effect of serum, Ca+2, and amiloride. AB - Human fibroblasts that have been serum deprived for 4 hours have a digitoxin insensitive Na influx of 9.5 +/- 1.0 (n = 4) mumol/g prot/min which is not significantly different from the influx of 9.4 +/- 0.6 (n = 3) mumol/g prot/min measured in cells arrested in the G1/G0 state by serum-deprivation for a period of four days. The Na influx in serum-deprived cells is rapidly stimulated (within one minute) simply by assaying the cells in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The digitoxin-insensitive NA influx for cells in the presence of 10% FBS is 22.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 6) mumol/g prot/min. The stimulation of Na influx in serum-deprived cells can also be achieved by the addition of the purified mitogen, epidermal growth factor (EGF). Addition of EGF to serum-deprived cells gives a maximal stimulation of Na influx of approximately 1.6-fold, with the concentration for half-maximal stimulation being 7.5 ng/ml. The stimulation of Na influx results from the activation of an amiloride-sensitive pathway, which appears to be minimally active in serum-deprived cells. Kinetic analysis of Na influx experiments in the presence of 10% FBS and varying concentrations of amiloride indicate that at infinite concentrations of amiloride the Na flux would be reduced to 8.9 mumol/g prot/min, which is comparable to the level of Na flux measured in serum-deprived cells in the presence of 5 mM amiloride. Thus, amiloride can totally inhibit the serum-stimulated component of Na influx while inhibiting less than 10% of the Na influx in serum-deprived cells. The Na influx in serum-deprived cells can also be stimulated 2.5-fold by preincubating cells in the presence of the Ca+ ionophore A23187 to elevate the intracellular Ca content. This stimulation of Na influx by intracellular Ca+2 can be virtually eliminated by adding 1 mM amiloride. PMID- 6972942 TI - In-vitro susceptibility of organisms isolated from burns to topical co trimoxazole. PMID- 6972948 TI - Estimation of ICI 35,868 (Diprivan R) in blood by high-performance liquid chromatography, following coupling with Gibbs' reagent. PMID- 6972950 TI - The synthesis of dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites by human renal mitochondria. AB - Mitochondrial preparations from 4 human kidneys produced 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol at rates of 0.019 - 0.114 and 0.029 - 0.164 pmol/mg/min respectively at a 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration of 1 mumol per litre. Mitochondria from a fifth kidney failed to produce either metabolite. PMID- 6972949 TI - Simple computer program for a low-cost desk-top calculator applied to the evaluation of gas-liquid chromatographic analyses of 17-ketosteroids and pregnanes. AB - A simple computer program consisting of 445 steps for a low-cost desk-top calculator (Hewlett-Packard 97) to be applied in chromatographic analyses of 17 ketosteroids and pregnanes from human urine samples is described. This program permits the calculation of peak factors following the chromatographic separation of an external standard mixture containing up to ten different fractions, the subsequent printout of the constants and their transcription to magnetic data cards for later retrieval when making calculations for unknown samples. After manual input of sample constants (such as total and aliquot volumes, recovery as determined by addition of radioactive tracer steroid, internal standard) and peak factors via the data card, the individual peak heights of the samples are automatically converted to milligrams of steroid in 24-h urine and each is stored separately. All fractions can be recalled later and printed out in the order of detection or can be transformed into several diagnostically valuable parameters such as the total sum of 17-ketosteroids and pregnanes excreted, the group sums of androgens, of 11-substituted steroids and of pregnanes, the individual percentages of both the fractions and the group sums, and the ratios of aetiocholanolone-androsterone and of pregnanetriol-pregnanediol. Finally, an extension subprogram can automatically generate a plot to illustrate the steroid excretion pattern in a comprehensive fashion. PMID- 6972954 TI - Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. I. Moderately advanced periodontitis. AB - Healing events after nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontal pockets 4--7 mm deep were investigated. Incisors, cuspids and premolars in 15 patients were treated by plaque control and supra- and subgingival debridement using hand or ultrasonic instruments in a split mouth approach. The results were evaluated by recordings of plaque scores, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depths and probing attachment levels. All these parameters were improved during the initial 4--5 months after start of therapy. Little change occurred during the rest of the 13-month observation period. No difference of results could be observed comparing hand and ultrasonic instrumentation or comparing the results of two different operators. Initially a total of 106 sites demonstrated probing pocket depths greater than or equal to 6 mm. At 13 months only 13 such sites were observed. The apparently successful results of conservative treatment of patients with 4--7 mm deep pockets in the present study raise the question to what extent nonsurgical therapy is feasible also in patients with severely advanced lesions. PMID- 6972951 TI - Increased sensitivity of a new coagglutination test for rapid identification of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - A newly developed rapid coagglutination test for identifying Haemophilus influenzae type b organisms isolated from clinical specimens correlated 100% with the slide agglutination test but was 100- to 200-fold more sensitive. PMID- 6972952 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte responses by tuberculous plasma and mycobacterial arabinogalactan. Monocyte dependence and indomethacin reversibility. AB - During tuberculosis, exposure of monocytes to circulating factors may induce the suppressor activity observed in some anergic patients. To explore this possibility, we examined the effects of plasma pooled from 28 untreated tuberculosis (TB) patients and the mycobacterial cell wall polysaccharide D arabino-D-galactan (AG) on the in vitro function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors. In the [3H] thymidine incorporation assay, stimulated responses of PBMC incubated in culture medium supplemented with TB plasma or co-cultured with 3.0 microgram/ml AG were depressed significantly when compared with control responses. Cytotoxicity and altered kinetics of stimulated DNA synthesis did not contribute to the observed suppression. TB plasma and AG induced suppression of the PBMC response to purified protein derivative was monocyte dependent and indomethacin reversible. In addition, TB plasma and AG directly inhibited the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated responses of T lymphocytes. In a quantitative assay of monocyte attachment to plastic, both TB plasma and AG significantly increased monocyte adherence from basal levels. These effects on monocyte adherence were reversed with indomethacin or antibody to mycobacterial polysaccharide. In addition, TB plasma passed over an immunoabsorbent column of Sepharose-linked antibody to mycobacterial polysaccharide was depleted of the suppressive and monocyte-adherence augmenting factors. 3.0 microgram/ml AG stimulated a fivefold increase in prostaglandin E2 production by cultured mononuclear cells. Our data suggest that AG circulating alone or bound in immune complexes may account for the observed effects of TB plasma. Similar in vivo exposure may contribute to the cell-mediated suppression of lymphocyte responses in tuberculosis. PMID- 6972953 TI - Interaction of lactoferrin, monocytes, and T lymphocyte subsets in the regulation of steady-state granulopoiesis in vitro. AB - Colony-stimulating activities (CSA) are potent granulopoietic stimulators in vitro. Using clonogenic assay techniques, we analyzed the degree to which mononuclear phagocytes and T lymphocytes cooperate in the positive (production/release of CSA) and feedback (inhibition of CSA production/release) regulation of granulopoiesis. We measured the effect of lactoferrin (a putative feedback regulator of CSA production) on CSA provision in three separate assay systems wherein granulocyte colony growth of marrow cells from 22 normal volunteers was stimulated by (a) endogenous CSA-producing cells in the marrow cells suspension, (b) autologous peripheral blood leukocytes in feeder layers, and (c) medium conditioned by peripheral blood leukocytes. The CSA-producing cell populations in each assay were varied by using cell separation techniques and exposure of isolated T lymphocytes to methylprednisolone or to monoclonal antibodies to surface antigens and complement. We noted that net CSA production increased more than twofold when a small number of unstimulated T lymphocytes were added to monocyte cultures. Lactoferrin's inhibitory effect was also T lymphocyte dependent. The T lymphocytes that interact with monocytes and lactoferrin to inhibit CSA production are similar to those that augment CSA production because their activities are neither genetically restricted not glucocorticoid sensitive, and both populations express HLA-DR (Ia-like) and T3 antigens but not T4 or T8 antigens. These findings are consistent with results of our studies on the mechanism of lactoferrin's inhibitory effect with indicate that mononuclear phagocytes produce both CSA and soluble factors that stimulate T lymphocytes to produce CSA, and that lactoferrin does not suppress monocyte CSA production, but does completely suppress production or release by monocytes of those factors that stimulate T lymphocytes to produce CSA. We conclude that mononuclear phagocytes and a subset of T lymphocytes exhibit important complex interactions in the regulation of granulopoiesis. PMID- 6972955 TI - Evaluation of irradiated mandibles using emission tomography, bone scans, and radiography. AB - This study compared radiographs, bone scans, and computed emission tomograms with histologic findings in irradiated mandibles of adult Rhesus monkeys. Although osteocytes were lost in the path of the beam, many vessels were partially or totally occluded, the periosteum degenerated, the marrow became fibrotic, and cancellous bone proliferated abundantly, no changes were noted with radiography, conventional bone scanning, or computed emission tomograms. These clinical methods of examination may misrepresent the true condition of irradiated bone because of inadequate sensitivity or balance among factors that control radioactive tracer uptake in bone. PMID- 6972956 TI - [Functional and morphological changes in the organ of equilibrium after destruction of the trigeminal ganglion]. PMID- 6972958 TI - Correlations between blood lead concentrations and some blood protein levels in children residing in lead-polluted and control areas. AB - Ninety children residing in a highly Pb-polluted area near a lead foundry (group E), and 61 children from the control area (group C) were examined and compared. In group E children there were detected significantly increased blood Pb concentrations (girls: 31.6 +/- 16 microgram/100 ml; boys: 38.7 +/- 15.8 microgram/100 ml) in comparison with the control group C children (about 20 microgram/100 ml for both sexes). Regression analysis revealed significantly positive correlation of Pb concentrations in blood with the level of total blood proteins and ALAD, the correlation with A-1AT, alpha-2-M, TRF, and CPL was much less pronounced. Also the correlation of Ca2+ concentrations in blood with blood protein levels was not too marked. On the other hand, the age factor turned out to be very influencing in girls. Remarkable was the change of Pb and Ca correlation positivity in group C children to correlation negativity in group E (ALAD, total proteins, CPL), or of correlation negativity to correlation positivity (A-1AT, TRF). The observed changes are discussed from the aspect of multifactorial action of Pb in the organism. PMID- 6972959 TI - Actin content in lymphocytes: a proposed correlation with their recirculating properties. AB - The DNAase inhibition assay, which allows for the titration of monomeric and total actin content per cell, has been applied to various subpopulations of rat lymphocytes. We found that characteristic values are associated with functionally distinct subpopulations. Thus, thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes have significantly higher monomeric and total actin per cell than bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes, irrespective of the separation procedure used (in vitro or in vivo). Moreover, these values appear to increase with the differentiation state of the cells within the T compartment (i.e., from thymus to lymph node to thoracic duct lymphocytes). The fact that the observed trends overlap the known in vivo recirculating abilities of the populations tested prompted us to discuss the possible involvement of intracellular actin in the control of the cell surface deformability. PMID- 6972957 TI - Uptake of horseradish peroxidase by presynaptic terminals of bipolar cells and photoreceptors of the from retina. AB - The uptake of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into synaptic vesicles of presynaptic terminals in the inner and outer plexiform layers of isolated frog retinas was studies by electron microscopy. Uptake into the terminals of bipolar cells was found to be enhanced by exposure of the preparations to elevated concentrations of potassium ions, and by exposure to aspartic acid or glutamic acid. Glycine had much less effect on the terminals. These results suggest that HRP uptake may prove useful in monitoring some aspects of the responses of inner plexiform layer cells to conditions of physiological interest. Uptake into photoreceptor terminals was also enhanced by elevated potassium concentrations; the effects of the amino acids were complex. PMID- 6972960 TI - T cell-replacing factor- (TRF) induced IgG secretion in a human B blastoid cell line and demonstration of acceptors for TRF. AB - IgG-secretion was induced in a human B blastoid cell line, CESS, by the addition of partially purified T cell-derived helper factor(s) (TRF), which had been obtained from PHA-stimulated human T cells. The number of IgG-producing cells in CESS cells reached its maximal level (10% of total cells) within 48 hr after the addition of TRF. TRF did not affect the proliferation of CESS cells and the block of cell proliferation with hydroxyurea did not inhibit the increase of IgG producing cells, showing that TRF induced IgG-production in CESS cells without any requirement of cell division. TRF activity was completely removed by CESS cells but TCGF-activity in the same preparation was not absorbed with CESS cells. On the other hand, TCGF-dependent human killer cells absorbed TCGF activity but not TRF activity in the same preparation. The binding of 125I-labeled factor(s) on CESS cells was also demonstrated. These results showed the presence of acceptors for TRF on the surface of CESS cells and this cell line will provide useful means for the chemical characterization of acceptors and for the study of the mechanisms of the signal transmission through acceptors. PMID- 6972961 TI - Lectin(s) extracted from seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia (jackfruit): potent and selective stimulator(s) of distinct human T and B cell functions. AB - A lectin activity that selectively induces different functions of human lymphocytes has been described in a PBS crude extract obtained from the seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia (jackfruit). Both unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified T cells are strongly stimulated to proliferate by this extract, whereas purified B cells are not. However, the lectin induced a potent polyclonal activation of B cells measured by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay using a multivalent anti-human Fab antibody. PMID- 6972962 TI - Activated T cells in the synovial fluid of arthritic patients. II. In vitro activation of the autologous blood lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes isolated from the synovial fluid of arthritic patients were shown to express characteristics of immunoactivated T cells, such as the formation of stable E rosettes and natural attachment to normal and malignant cells. During 5 days incubation in autologous serum, the synovial T cells reverted to resting state. If, however, the synovial serum was present in the culture, the activated state was maintained. The blood lymphocytes of these patients did not have the markers of activation. When blood lymphocytes were mixed in vitro with the autologous synovial T cells, a proportion of them acquired the capacity to form stable E rosettes and to express natural attachment. Synovial polymorphonuclear cells or synovial serum were without effect on the blood lymphocytes. This phenomenon may represent an in vivo mechanism for the perpetuation of the cellular immune reactivity in the joint cavity. PMID- 6972963 TI - Genetic studies of autoimmunity in New Zealand mice. III. Associations among anti DNA antibodies, NTA, and renal disease in (NZB x NZW)F1 x NZW backcross mice. PMID- 6972964 TI - Lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgE. VI. Suppressive effect of glucocorticoids on the expression of Fc epsilon receptors and glycosylation of IgE-binding factors. AB - Incubation of rat lymphocytes with homologous IgE induced an increase in Fc epsilon R(+) lymphocytes and the formation of IgE-binding factors. Pretreatment of rat lymphocytes with 1 to 5 microM dexamethasone, however, prevented the IgE induced expression of Fc epsilon R on both B and T lymphocytes. Upon incubation with IgE, T cells activated with 10 micrograms/ml Con A produced IgE-potentiating factors that had affinity for lentil lectin and selectively enhanced the IgE response. Pretreatment of the Con A-activated T cells with dexamethasone, before incubation with IgE, changed the nature of IgE-binding factors formed by the cells. The majority of IgE-binding factors formed by the dexamethasone-treated, Con A-activated cells failed to bind lentil lectin Sepharose and selectively suppressed the IgE response. An injection of 0.2 mg dexamethasone into rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis markedly diminished the proportion of Fc epsilon R(+) lymphocytes in their mesenteric lymph nodes. The lymph node cells from the infected animals spontaneously released IgE-potentiating factors in vitro. However, the majority of IgE-binding factors formed by the mesenteric lymph node cells from the dexamethasone-treated, Nb-infected animals lacked affinity for lentil lectin and selectively suppressed the IgE response. The results indicate that glucocorticoid treatment prevented the glycosylation of IgE binding factors and thereby changed the biologic activities of the factors. PMID- 6972967 TI - Cell-mediated lympholytic responses against autologous cells modified with haptenic sulfhydryl reagents. I. Effector cells can recognize two distinct classes of hapten-reactive self sites on cell surface proteins. AB - Mouse spleen cells were modified with a sulfhydryl-reactive reagent, N-iodoacetyl N'-(5-sulfonic-1-naphthyl) ethylene diamine (I-AED) and used as stimulator cells in primary in vitro cultures with unmodified spleen cells of the same strain. CTL could be readily demonstrated when tested on hapten-modified syngeneic target cells. These CML responses were hapten specific and H-2 restricted. In the H-2b strain, effector cell populations were identified that recognized AED in association with K-end and D-end coded self MHC products. Functional modification of the target cells by I-AED can be effectively blocked by prereacting the cells with other SH-reagents, which is consistent with CTL recognition of the hapten on cysteine residues. Since these premodifications of the cell surface do not block the functional modification by trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS), the sulfhydryl reactive compounds and TNBS modify distinct classes of cell surface groups as determined by CTL function. The results of antibody inhibition experiments are also consistent with this interpretation. Using fluorescent labeled anti-hapten antibodies, FACS II analysis showed that there are approximately 20-fold fewer AED than TNP groups on the approximately 20-fold fewer AED than TNP groups on the cell surface when equivalent concentrations of I-AED and TNBS are compared. The possibility is discussed that these sulfhydryl-reactive compounds can be used together with the H-2Kb mutants for the localization of H-2 coded self determinants recognized in association with foreign antigens. PMID- 6972966 TI - Quantitative appraisal of H-2 products in T cell-mediated lysis by allogeneic and syngeneic effector cells. PMID- 6972968 TI - Cell-mediated lympholysis responses against autologous cells modified with haptenic sulfhydryl reagents. II. Analysis of the genetic control and H-2 restricted pattern of cytotoxic responses to sulfhydryl and amino reactive reagents. AB - N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulfonic-1-naphthyl)ethylene-diamine modified autologous cells are shown to induce respective high and low AED-self CTL responses by spleen cells from H-2b and H-2k mice. The lysis mediated by effector populations from both haplotypes was highly H-2 restricted. Cytotoxic responses induced by a 2nd sulfhydryl- (SH) specific reagent, dithionitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), were shown not to be cross-reactive at the effector cell level with AED-self but exhibited the same high and low CTL response patterns as those induced against AED-self. These Ir-effects reported for the 2 SH reactive compounds are discussed in relation to the opposite Ir-patterns demonstrated against a number of amino (NH2) reactive compounds. The difference of self-recognition sites is suggested to account for the contrasting results observed in the response patterns induced by SH- and NH2 reactive compounds. The AED-self CTL response was found to exhibit Kk-self over Db-self Ir regulation. Thus, this latter type of genetic control appears to function independently of whether the hapten is an SH- or NH2-reactive compound. PMID- 6972969 TI - Membrane sialoglycolipids emerging as possible signal transducers for lymphocyte stimulation. AB - Biotin hydrazide was attached covalently to the aldehyde groups produced by periodate oxidation of bovine brain gangliosides. These modified gangliosides were incorporated into mature rat thymocytes by incubation of the biotinyl gangliosides in the culture medium containing these cells. Avidin, which binds strongly to biotin, agglutinated and stimulated DNA synthesis in thymocytes containing the incorporated biotin-tagged gangliosides. Avidin has no mitogenic effect on normal thymocytes or on cells that incorporate unmodified gangliosides. With fluoresceinated avidin, the incorporated biotinyl gangliosides are shown to be laterally redistributed into patches and caps. These results imply that gangliosides may be involved in transmembrane communication during lymphocyte stimulation. PMID- 6972970 TI - Alterations in T gamma cells in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - The number and percentage of T cells bearing Fc gamma receptors (T gamma) was quantitated in peripheral blood of patients with the autoimmune disease chronic ITP. In over half the patients, low initial percentages were obtained, the great majority of which returned to within the normal range after incubation under capping conditions. The phenomenon could be reproduced by pretreating normal T cells with immune complex containing sera or aggregated HGG. Furthermore, a reversible reduction in T gamma cells was observed in control patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia and in pregnancy. In each case an association was observed between the reduced T gamma cell levels and the presence of circulating immune complexes, which suggested that the results could be explained by masking of Fc gamma receptors with preformed IgG-containing complexes. By contrast, patients with other autoimmune diseases such as scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis had high or normal numbers of T gamma cells, respectively. Taken together, the findings do not support the existence of a gross deficiency of suppressor cells in patients with autoimmune disease and emphasize the need for caution in selection of markers for identification of T cell subsets. PMID- 6972971 TI - Prevention of tolerance induction by simultaneous administration of anti-Lyb3 antiserum with tolerogen. AB - Lyb3 serves as a triggering receptor on a mature subset of B lymphocytes. To further investigate the nature of the activating signal received by this receptor, we examined its involvement in hapten-specific B cell tolerance induced in vivo with isologous IgG. We obtained the following results: injection of anti Lyb3 serum simultaneously with low doses of tolerogen prevented tolerance induction in B cells responsive to TD and TI type-1 antigens but failed to influence B cells responding to a TI type-2 antigen. Furthermore, administration of anti-Lyb3 serum did not change the tolerogenic signal to an immunogenic one, allowing B cell maturation into plaque-forming cells. However, it did make the B cell responsive to a subsequent challenge with antigen. This effect is transient, and dependent on the dose of tolerogen. These results are discussed in terms of our knowledge of the mechanism of B cell tolerance. PMID- 6972965 TI - Lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgE. VII. Possible participation of phospholipase A2 in the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors. PMID- 6972972 TI - Studies on the mechanism of the self restriction of T cell responses in radiation chimeras. PMID- 6972973 TI - Hapten-specific T cell response to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl. X. Characterization of distinct T cell subsets mediating cutaneous sensitivity responses. AB - NP-O-Succinimide-induced cutaneous sensitivity (CS) responses can be adoptively transferred by NP-primed lymphoid cells into naive K-, I-, or D-compatible recipients. The distinct fine specificities of I- versus D-restricted T cell clones from various strains of mice suggested that presence of different idiotypic receptors on these T cell subsets. We now demonstrate that NP-O-Su immune lymphoid cells are composed of 2 T cell subsets with distinct antigen recognition patterns, as well as different Lyt 2 phenotypes. Thus, I-restricted cells respond to NP-coupled to a protein carrier but not to NP-coupled cells, whereas D-restricted clones react to NP-cells, but not to NP-protein conjugates. PMID- 6972975 TI - Characteristics of nylon fiber adherence-separated chicken splenocytes. AB - Separation of chicken splenocytes by nylon fiber adherence yielded two distinct subpopulations. The non-adherent cells responded well to T cell mitogens, while the recoverable adherent cells did not. The non-adherent subpopulation showed a marked decrease in the number of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells as compared to the adherent population. Cell diameter distribution was skewed toward larger sizes in the adherent subpopulation, and smaller sizes in the non-adherent subpopulation. There was no significant difference between the groups, however, in the number of cells which bore Fc receptors, stained for non-specific esterase, or actively phagocytosed. Therefore, the non-adherent subpopulation appeared to be enriched for T cells, the adherent subpopulation for B cells, and neither group for macrophages. PMID- 6972974 TI - T lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. I. A common mechanism for target recognition in specific and lectin-dependent cytolysis. AB - In this and the accompanying paper we examine the nature of the interactions between effector cells and target cells leading to lysis in T cell-mediated cytolysis reactions. In the first paper, we re-examine the role of lectin (Con A) in the process of lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC). Lectin has generally been thought to act simply as a bridge between the cytotoxic effector cell (EC) and the target cell (TC), thus bypassing the need for receptor-antigen interaction and accounting for the nonspecific character of this lytic reaction. A role for lectin in the activation of cytotoxic function in the EC has also been suggested. In this paper we confirm that LDCC occurs when TC alone are pretreated with lectin, but not when EC alone are pretreated with lectin, unless free lectin is also present in the assay mixture. In addition, we demonstrate that the failure of lectin-pretreated EC to bind to and lyse TC is not caused by agglutination or self-destruction of the EC. Moreover, lectin-pretreated EC are not inherently deficient in the ability to bind or lyse TC, if the latter are pretreated with lectin, or if free lectin is present in the assay. Finally, when EC are used as both effectors and targets in LDCC, lysis is observed only in the direction of the lectin-pretreated partner. From these results we conclude that in LDCC, as in specific CTL cytolysis, CTL-TC recognition proceeds through interaction of an EC surface receptor (distinct from the lectin receptor), and a TC antigen perhaps modified by, but distinct from, the lectin itself. In the accompanying paper we present evidence that this receptor-determinant interaction involves TC MHC antigen. PMID- 6972977 TI - Influence of Ara-C on effector activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vitro. AB - Mouse T-lymphocytes carrying the H-2d haplotype were sensitized in vitro against allogeneic spleen cells homozygous for the H-2b haplotype. Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were tested in a 4 hr cytotoxicity assay against 51Cr-labeled H 2b RBL-5 lymphoma cells. The cytotoxic activity of CTL was markedly increased by preincubation with Ara-C (1 through 1000 micrograms/ml, 1 hr at 37 degrees C). Limited but significant increase of cytotoxicity occurred when the drug was added to the effector-target mixture, or when target cells were preincubated with Ara-C using the same conditions adopted for the in vitro treatment of CTL. It is suggested that the present findings would contribute to elucidate the mechanism underlying antitumor synergistic effects between host's responses and treatment with antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6972976 TI - Rapid identification of human B-lymphocytes and monocytes with rhodamine-labeled Brucella melitensis. AB - The bacterium Brucella melitensis has been shown to bind selectively to human B lymphocytes. The specificity of this binding can be exploited in a rapid technique for the determination of human B-lymphocytes and monocytes by use of rhodamine-labeled Brucella melitensis. This fluorescent labeled regent is simple to use and provides highly specific identification of human B-lymphocytes and monocytes, as demonstrated in a series of experiments characterizing known cellular markers on T- and B-lymphocytes, their separated cellular subpopulations and lymphoblastoid cell lines. The use of fluorescence conjugated bacteria greatly simplifies the application of this highly specific technique and makes its use more practical in routine screening for B-cell and monocyte populations. PMID- 6972978 TI - Antibodies to human Ia-like antigens and heterologous anti-human lymphocyte sera. PMID- 6972979 TI - Murine lymphocyte alloantigens: the Ly-4 locus. PMID- 6972980 TI - Mouse monoclonal antibody against Lyt-1.1 alloantigen. PMID- 6972981 TI - Depression of colony formation by human thymus-derived lymphocytes with rifampin and other antimicrobial agents. AB - Colonies of human lymphocytes with thymus-derived (T) cell characteristics can be induced in phytohemagglutinin-P to grow in a semisolid medium. To expand the data base on the effects of antimicrobial agents on cell-mediated immunity, the effect of 30 antimicrobial agents on T-lymphocyte cloning was studied. All of the drugs were added to the cultures in concentrations ranging from 10(-5) to 10(-14) M, and the results were compared with those in cultures without the drug. Drugs that inhibit protein synthesis at the 50S ribosomal subunit in bacteria--in particular, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, and troleandomycin- suppressed colony formation. However, the most significantly immunosuppressive agent was rifampin; it suppressed colony formation at concentrations of up to 2.5 x 10(-9) M, a value significantly lower than that found in previous in vitro testing and well below therapeutic levels. Screening of drugs by lymphocyte cloning techniques for possible suppression of cell-mediated immunity appears to be a rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive procedure. PMID- 6972982 TI - Medical management of dental patients with bleeding disorders. PMID- 6972983 TI - A double-antibody radioimmunoassay for specific IgE to ragweed antigen E. AB - A double-antibody radioimmunoassay has been developed for quantitating IgE-a-AgE in serum. The patient's IgE is complexed by rabbit anti-human IgE, which is then precipitated with GARG. Radiolabeled AgE is then added to the washed precipitate and is specifically bound by IgE-a-AgE. This assay is highly reproducible, and unlike specific IgE assays based on the RAST concept, it cannot be inhibited by specific antibody of other immunoglobulin classes (blocking antibody). In addition, the double-antibody method does not require the use of myeloma IgE, and its results correlate well with those of a previously developed polystyrene tube method. PMID- 6972985 TI - Does coronary bypass surgery prolong life? An incomplete question. PMID- 6972984 TI - Stimulation of human neutrophil chemiluminescence by soluble immune complexes and antibodies to neutrophils. AB - Activation of the neutrophil surface membrane may occur with a variety of stimuli, leading to enhanced glucose oxidation via the hexose monophosphate shunt and production of toxic oxygen radicals such as superoxide anion. This metabolic stimulation may be accompanied by light emission or chemiluminescence. The objective of these studies was to determine the effects of soluble and insoluble immune complexes, IgG aggregates, and rabbit anti-neutrophil serum on neutrophil activation as measured by chemiluminescence. Also, the uptake of immune complexes by neutrophils was determined and was correlated with the solubility of the complexes and the levels of induced chemiluminescence. The results indicate that stimulation of neutrophil chemiluminescence and uptake of immune complexes by neutrophils were both closely correlated with the percent precipitation of the immune complexes. Insoluble immune complexes that were avidly ingested by neutrophils also stimulated maximum levels of chemiluminescence. Nevertheless, elevated levels of chemiluminescence were induced by soluble immune complexes that were poorly ingested by neutrophils. Similarly, soluble aggregated IgG induced elevated levels of neutrophil chemiluminescence in a dose-dependent manner. Aggregated IgG induced up to sixfold higher levels of neutrophil chemiluminescence than did equal amounts of monomeric IgG. Finally, rabbit anti neutrophil serum also caused increased levels of neutrophil chemiluminescence. Since previous studies have shown that sera from some patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Felty's syndrome have increased amounts of neutrophil-binding IgG due to the presence of both immune complexes and neutrophil-reactive antibodies, the effect of these sera on neutrophil chemiluminescence was studied. Positive correlations were observed between the level of neutrophil chemiluminescence induced by the sera and the amount of serum IgG neutrophil-binding activity (r = 0.72, p less than 0.001) as well as the level of immune complexes determined by C1q binding (r = 0.76, p less than or equal to 0.001). Such neutrophil activation by immune complexes or antibodies may reflect production of toxic oxygen radicals and could subsequently affect neutrophil function. PMID- 6972988 TI - A gene linked to the Igh-C locus controls the production of rheumatoid factor in the mouse. AB - In certain specific pathogen-free colonies, mice, upon aging, produce autoantibodies (RF) specific for the Fc portion of their IgG. In our colony, 129/Sv mice (H-2bvl; Igh-1a) have 10-20 times higher RF levels than C5BL/6 (h-2b; Igh-1b). In addition, the 129 have mainly IgA anti-IgG2a, and the B6 have mainly IgM anti-IgGl. We analyzed the genetic factors that control these differences. The high RF-producer phenotype of strain 129 was inherited as a recessive trait as indicated by the low RF levels of (129 X B6) F1 mice. About 1 of 4 129 X F1 (129 X B6) backcrosses and 1 of 10 (129 X B6) F2 mice had high RF levels, suggesting the involvement of two recessive genes in the control of this RF production. All F2 mice and all but one backcross with high IgA anti-IgG2a levels were homozygous for the Ihg-1a allele of the 129 mouse. In contrast, the B6-type RF was eight times more frequent in Igh-1bb than in Igh-1ab or Igh-1aa mice. High RF titers of either type were suppressed in Igh-1ab mice. PMID- 6972986 TI - Special features of the priming process for a secretory IgA response. B cell priming with cholera toxin. AB - Administration of cholera toxin/toxoid by either intraduodenal or parenteral routes increases the frequency of antigen-sensitive B cells in Peyer's patches (PP) and in distant lymphoid tissues greater than 50-fold. The special feature of mucosal priming with toxin is its unique effectiveness at generating secondary B cells, whose progeny express IgA exclusively, and such cells appear in highest frequency in PP and in appreciable numbers in spleen. Thus, this deliberate intraduodenal immunization seems to mimic the natural priming process induced by enteric bacterial colonization, which we have postulated to account for the high frequencies of IgA-committed cells specific for bacterial determinants in the PP of conventionally reared mice. furthermore, as a result of intraduodenal immunization, antigen-specific memory B cells are disseminated to sites distant form that of antigen application, including the lymphoid follicles associated with the respiratory mucosa. Direct antigenic stimulation of cells in the PP therefore results in effective cross-priming among mucosal and systemic sites through division, differentiation, and disemination of antigen-sensitive secondary B cells. PMID- 6972990 TI - A clonal analysis of the IgE response and its implications with regard to isotope commitment. AB - In a clonal analysis of the IgE response, it was found that a small proportion of primary or nonimmune B cells in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes can be stimulated by antigen to produce IgE-secreting clones. In addition, there appears to be no substantial difference in the frequency of such cells between the classical low and high IgE responder strains. An analysis of immune, or memory, B cells revealed substantial increases in the frequency of B cells secreting IgE as compared with primary B cells, although the actual proportion of B cells secreting IgE remained relatively low. When the IgE-secreting clones derived from either primary or secondary B cells were reanalyzed for the presence of other isotypes, it was found that all clones secreting IgE were secreting at least one other isotype, with the majority secreting two or three other isotypes in addition to IgE. This demonstrates that there is no distinct subpopulation of B cells committed to IgE expression per se. PMID- 6972989 TI - Adjuvant polyarthritis. V. Induction by N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, the smallest peptide subunit of bacterial peptidoglycan. AB - N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), an apparently nonimmunogenic bacterial peptidoglycan-derived small peptide, was found to induce a polyarthritis the rat similar to that induced by Freund's complete adjuvant when injected in the form of an oil emulsion. An oil emulsion of its isomer, N acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-L-isoglutamine, which unlike MDP has no immunostimulatory activity, failed to induce the disease. PMID- 6972987 TI - T cell ontogeny. Organ location of maturing populations as defined by surface antigen markers is similar in neonates and adults. AB - Earlier studies have suggested that splenic T cell populations in nursling mice (less than 18 d of age) have Lyt cell surface antigens that identify them as less mature than their adult counterparts. Studies presented here, however, demonstrate that the expression of the Thy-1, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, and Lyt-3 T cell antigens is virtually identical in 14-d-old and adult T cell populations even though at 14 d, T cells constitute less than 10% of the total spleen cell population. Because the expression of these antigens on the immature (cortical) thymocyte population differs substantially from their expression on peripheral T cells, the maturity of splenic T cells as judged by these criteria is similar in nurslings and adults. Very few cells in the neonatal thymus 4 h after birth correspond, in terms of antigen expression, to the more mature (medullary) thymocyte population of adults, but such cells develop rapidly during the first few days of life. They are present, therefore, sufficiently early to serve as the immediate source of peripheral T cells, as they apparently do in the adult. This then suggests that the locations for the major T cell maturational events are established within the first 2 wk of life of the mouse and maintained as such thereafter. The use of monoclonal antibodies and quantitative immunofluorescence analysis in our studies probably explains the differences between our findings and those reported previously, which relied on cytotoxic depletion by alloantisera and complement to estimate the frequencies of cells carrying the Lyt differentiation antigens in nurslings. PMID- 6972991 TI - Quantitative studies on T cell diversity. II. Determination of the frequencies and Lyt phenotypes of two types of precursor cells for alloreactive cytotoxic T cells in polyclonally and specifically activated splenic T cells. AB - Two different limiting dilution systems have been applied to compare precursor frequencies of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells (CTL-P) in the polyclonally and specifically activated lymphocyte populations and in selected Lyt T cell subsets. Both systems make use of T cell growth factor for T cell expansion but differ with respect to the activation step in that lymphocytes are either activated directly with allogenetic stimulator cells or are sensitized polyclonally with concanavalin A (Con A) in bulk culture before their expansion under limiting dilution conditions. In polyclonally activated C57BL/6 lymphocyte populations, two types of CTL-P specific for H-2d alloantigens could be identified: a frequent set with a frequency of 1/100-1/300, and a rare set with a frequency of 1/2,000 1/8,000. In contrast, only a single CTL-P set was found in specifically activated populations with a frequency similar to that of the frequent CTL-P found on Con A blasts. In Con A blasts, the frequent at higher cell concentrations by suppressor T cells, whereas rare CTL-P were insensitive to this suppressive mechanism. Whereas in specifically activated T cells, the predominant CTL-P phenotype was Lyt-123, the predominant Lyt phenotypes for the frequent and the rare CTL-P found in Con A blasts were Lyt-123 and Lyt-123, respectively, which suggests that they represent primary and secondary CTL-P, respectively. The results are discussed with respect to previous reports on the involvement of Lyt T cell subsets in the generation of cytotoxic responses and their regulation by T suppressor cells. PMID- 6972992 TI - T lymphocyte-dependent B lymphocyte proliferative response to antigen. I Genetic restriction of the stimulation of B lymphocyte proliferation. AB - For the purpose of examining more closely the interaction between T and B lymphocytes, we have developed an in vitro T lymphocyte-dependent B lymphocyte proliferation assay. Proliferation of B lymphocytes in response to antigen was found to depend on the presence of primed T lymphocytes; the B lymphocytes could be derived from nonprimed animals. It appears that these B cells were nonspecifically recruited to proliferate. This nonspecific recruitment, however, was found to be Ir-gene restricted in that B lymphocytes from B10.S mice, which are genetic nonresponders to the polymer Glu60-Ala30-Tyr10 (GAT), could not be stimulated by GAT-primed (responder X nonresponder) F1 T cells. The apparent lack of antigen specificity in the face of Ir gene-restricted T-B interaction may have important implications in our understanding of the recognition unit(s) on T lymphocytes. PMID- 6972993 TI - Polyspecific monoclonal lupus autoantibodies reactive with both polynucleotides and phospholipids. AB - Hybridomas the produce anti-DNA autoantibodies were prepared from spleen cells of unimmunized MRL/1 mice, a strain that spontaneously develops severe systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Reactivities of these monoclonal antibodies with a wide range of polynucleotides prompted tests of their reactions with phospholipids which, like polynucleotides, contain diester-linked phosphate groups in their backbones. In competitive radioimmunoassays, cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidyl glycerol blocked the binding of these hybridoma antibodies to denatured DNA. These phospholipids also specifically inhibited the reaction between a hybridoma antibody and a site-specific anti-idiotypic antibody. The antinuclear reaction of one of these antibodies was specifically inhibited by cardiolipin. This same antibody prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time in a manner characteristic of a lupus anticoagulant, presumably by binding to phospholipid in the test system. The polyspecific reactivity of a single molecular species of lupus autoantibody suggests that some of the diverse serological abnormalities of SLE may be a result of the binding of certain autoantibodies to a phosphodiester-containing epitope that is present in diverse biological molecules. PMID- 6972994 TI - Generation of idiotype-specific T cell help through network perturbation. AB - Different manipulations of BALB/c mice were used to generate idiotype-specific help: neonatally induced suppression of the T 15 idiotype and low-dose priming with anti-T15 antibody. The splenic foci culture system was used to study T15 idiotype-recognizing helper T cells under limiting-cell-dose conditions. These treatments induced T15 idiotype-specific help for B cells responding to TNP-T15. Normal or hemocyanin-primed BALB/c mice did not supply T15 idiotype-specific help. The helper cells were sensitive to anti-Thy-1.2 and complement treatment and can distinguish T15 from an idiotype-different, PC-binding myeloma protein, M167, and the TNP binding myeloma protein, M460. These data show that idiotype specific T helper cells can be induced by at least two different manipulations of the idiotype network. These manipulations presumably do not act directly on the T15-recognizing T cells, but must involve complementary idiotypic circuits that stimulate anti-T15 specific T cells. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the splenic-fragment culture technique provides a general method to investigate, at the single cell level, idiotypic T-B cell interactions induced by perturbations of the immune network. PMID- 6972995 TI - Effector T lymphocytes in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected mice. Cytolytic activity of Lyt-23 spleen cells in vitro does not correlate with elimination of infectious virus from spleens. AB - The T lymphocytes from mice recovering from infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus were selected for subclasses by treatment with anti-Lyt antisera and complement. Lyt-23 cells and mixtures of lyt-1 and Lyt-23 cells caused up to one-half the destruction of cultivated target cells as compared with untreated T lymphocytes; Lyt-1 cells alone were not cytotoxic. Selected and unselected spleen T cells were also inoculated intravenously into previously infected mice. Whereas unselected cells reduced infectious virus in the spleens of the recipients approximately 100-fold, only marginal effects, which were not preferentially associated with one particular subclass, were seen with selected LYT-23 or Lyt-1 lymphocytes or a mixture of both. Apparently the Lyt-23 cells, shown to by cytolytic for infected cells in vitro, did not cause elimination of a measurable quantity of the virus from mice. PMID- 6972996 TI - Major histocompatibility complex restriction of soluble helper molecules in T cell responses to altered self. AB - Evidence for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction of soluble helper effects was observed in the generation of syngeneic killer T cells to trinitrophenyl-altered self. Ia-bearing T cells obscure the observation of such interactions, thus, must be removed to detect MHC restriction of nonspecific soluble helper factor supernates (HFS). Genetic mapping studies demonstrated that the strain producing HFS must be compatible in the H-21A region with the strain utilizing the helper molecules for optimal helper signals to be delivered. PMID- 6972997 TI - Interactions between lymphocyte membrane molecules. I. Interaction between B lymphocyte surface IgM and Fc IgG receptors requires ligand occupancy of both receptors. AB - The independent B lymphocyte surface membrane receptors IgM and Fc IgG receptors were evaluated for interactions using immunoflourescence. Ligand [F(ab')2 anti mu]-induced capping of surface IgM resulted in capping of Fc IgG receptors only if the latter were occupied during the capping process by: (a) soluble antigen antibody complexes that themselves provided insufficient cross-linking to result in capping; or (b) monomeric IgG at physiologic concentrations (or less) either purified or as normal serum. Ligand-induced capping of Fc IgG receptors did not result in capping of surface IgM occupied by monomeric F(ab') anti-mu. Control experiments showed that ligand binding to or capping of only one of these two receptors has no effect on the other, and that there were no cross-reactions. The interaction appears specific in that ligand-induced capping of surface IgM did not induce capping of ligand-occupied surface IgD or I-A antigens. Thus, there appears to be a specific interaction between ligand-bound surface IgM and ligand bound Fc IgG receptors on the B lymphocyte surface. The results also indicate that binding of monomeric IgG produces a reversible alteration in the Fc IgG receptor leading to association with ligand-bound surface IgM. Because Fc IgG receptors are continuously exposed to monomeric IgG in vivo, these results suggest that whenever surface IgM is involved in a B lymphocyte response to an immunologic stimulus, the Fc IgG receptor is also involved. PMID- 6972998 TI - Influence of thymic genotype on the systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease and T cell proliferation of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. AB - In young adulthood, MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice develop severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome associated with massive T cell proliferation. The congenic MRL/Mp- mice lack the lpr gene and develop chronic SLE late in life. We have exchanged thymic transplants between these substrains so as to determine the role of the thymus in the development of early, severe SLE and of lymphoproliferation. The median survival times of unmanipulated lpr/lpr and mice were 160 and 510 d, respectively. The lpr/lpr and mice thymectomized when newborn and transplanted at 1 mo with the opposite type of thymus retained the diseases phenotype of their unmanipulated counterparts with 50% mortality at 186 and 498 d, respectively. In contrast, lpr/lpr mice thymectomized when newborn but not transplanted with thymus did not develop lymphoid hyperplasia and glomerulonephritis, and 100% of them were alive at 390 d. Serologically, the thymectomized but untransplanted lpr/lpr mice had significantly reduced levels of autoantibodies, whereas thymectomized and transplanted mice of either substrain were similar to unmanipulated controls. The results indicate that: (a) a thymus is essential for expression of lymphoproliferation and early SLE-like disease in the lpr/lpr phenotype; (b) the lpr/lpr disease is not a result of a unique hormonal or microenvironmental defect(s) of the thymus of this substrain because the genotype of the thymus is irrelevant for the development of T cell proliferation and early SLE; (c) differentiation of stem cells under the hormonal or microenvironmental influences of a thymus that possesses the lpr genotype does not lead to abnormal T cell differentiation or early autoimmunity; and (d) the lpr/lpr disease cannot be caused exclusively by an intrinsic B cell defect or environmental stimuli that cause B cell polyclonal activation. PMID- 6973000 TI - Idiotypes on major histocompatibility complex-restricted virus-immune cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Specificity-associated determinants could be demonstrated on major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted virus-immune cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) using antisera raised in syngeneic mice. This result indicates that the number of clonotypes sufficiently small to allow the detection of such idiotypic determinants. The functional properties of three anti-idiotypic antisera were tested in blocking studies and by idiotypic antisera plus complement. Whereas the former test did not reveal any results obtained from binding studies, i.e., all three anti-idiotypic antisera specifically reacted with CTL of the type used for immunization and had no effect on syngeneic influenza-immune CTL, syngeneic alloreactive CTL, or NDV-immune CTL of an H-2-disparate strain. These results are discussed in terms of current models for MHC-restricted CTL responses. PMID- 6972999 TI - Identification of leukemia-associated inhibitory activity as acidic isoferritins. A regulatory role for acidic isoferritins in the production of granulocytes and macrophages. AB - Acidic isoferritins have been identified as leukemia-associated inhibitory activity (LIA), which suppresses colony and cluster formation of colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophages from normal donors but not from patients with leukemia. LIA was detected in all ferritin preparations tested, including ferritin isolated from normal heart, spleen, liver, and placental tissues, and from the spleens of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. Purified preparations of LIA were composed almost entirely of acidic isoferritins, as determined by immunoassay, radioimmunoassay, and isoelectric focusing. The inhibitory activity in the LIA and ferritin samples was inactivated by a battery of antisera specific for ferritin, including those prepared against acidic isoferritins from normal heart and spleen tissues from patients with Hodgkin's disease, and those previously absorbed with basic isoferritins. Antisera absorbed with acidic isoferritins did not inactivate the inhibitory activity. Separation of LIA and chronic myelogenous leukemia and normal spleen ferritin by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing confirmed that the regions of peak inhibitory activity corresponded in each to an apparent molecular weight of approximately 550,000 and to a pI value of 4.7. Similar physicochemical characteristics included inactivation by methods that dissociate ferritin molecules into subunits and by treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, and periodate. The purified preparations were extremely stable to heat treatment. The glycoprotein nature of the inhibitory activity was substantiated because it bound to concanavalin A Sepharose and was eluted off by alpha-methyl mannose. Inhibitory activity of the activity of the acidic isoferritins was detected at concentrations as low as 10( 17)-10(-19) M and iron saturation did not appear to be necessary for its action. These results implicate acidic isoferritins in the regulation of normal myelopoiesis and suggest a role for them in the progression of leukemia. PMID- 6973002 TI - H-2 restriction as a consequence of intentional priming. Frequency analysis of alloantigen-restricted, trinitrophenyl-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors within thymocytes of normal mice. AB - An in vitro acute-depletion protocol was used to detect trinitrophenyl (TNP) specific, allo-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) within thymocytes of inbred mice. After removal of alloreactivity, the negatively selected cells could be sensitized to become TNP specific, allo-MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells. A precursors frequency analysis revealed a three- to ninefold lower frequency of allo-MHC-restricted CTL precursors (CTL-P) as compared to self-MHC-restricted CTL-P. The specificity analysis of clonally distributed allo-MHC-restricted CTL-P excluded cross reactivity as an explanation of allo-MHC restriction. These results provide direct evidence that thymic T cells are composed of a mixture of self-MHC- and allo-MHC-restricted immunocompetent T cells and that antigen-driven selection of precommitted T cells dictates the H-2-restriction phenotype, i.e., H-2 restriction is a consequence of priming. PMID- 6973001 TI - Multiple activities of a cloned cell line mediating natural killer cell function. AB - A special class of immunologic cells can lyse or damage a variety of target cells, notably malignant cells in vitro. These cells have been called natural killer (NK) cells because lysis does not require deliberate immunization by tumor cells. Although these cells can be distinguished from conventional T cells, B cells, and phagocytic cells, they have been difficult to define. We describe a representative cloned cell line that was obtained by cloning Ig -Ly-5+ cells from spleen. This clone, Cl.Ly-1-2-NK-1+/11, displays Thy-1, Ly-5, Qat-4, Qat-5 and NK 1 cell surface antigens and lyses the NK-sensitive YAC-1 lymphoma cells, but does not lyse RL-12 cells, an NK-resistant lymphoma. In addition, this clone lysed the P815 mastocytoma, EL4 lymphoma, and lipopolysaccharide-activated B lymphocyte targets. This cloned population therefore combined information for a unique display of cell surface antigens and specialized function similar to "activated" NK cells. Because this cloned population forms conjugates with susceptible but not resistant target cells, it may prove useful to identify the structure of cell surface molecules that recognize foreign cells. Finally, cells of this clone also specificity lysed target cells coated by antibodies to determinants on the target cell surface, demonstrating that a single cloned cell population can mediate two specialized immunologic functions: antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and NK cell lysis. PMID- 6973003 TI - Induced tolerance in F1 rats to anti-major histocompatibility complex receptors on parental T cells. Implications for self tolerance. AB - The immunogenicity of cell surface markers associated with specific anti-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloreactivity of rat peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulations has been demonstrated in the past by the ability of such cell populations to induce a profound and specific resistance to systemic graft-vs. host (GVH) disease in adult rats. Our studies demonstrate that these specificity associated anti-MHC parental strain T cell markers are also tolerogenic; if small numbers of parental strain T cells are administered to newborn F1 rats, they result in the specific inability to induce GVH resistance later on in adult life. Moreover, unlike normal animals, these F1 rats are extremely sensitive to systemic GVH disease caused by T cells from the original donor parental strain. PMID- 6973005 TI - Circulating levels of pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in normal pregnancy and in intrauterine growth retardation. PMID- 6973004 TI - Biogenesis of membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulins. II. Two forms of the human alpha chain translated in vitro and processed in vivo as distinct polypeptide chains. AB - Structural differences between alpha m (ther heavy chain of membrane IgA) and alpha s (the heavy chain of secretory IgA) were investigated. Messenger RNA from the human B lymphoblastoid line 32a.1, expressing both membrane and secretory IgA, was translated in a wheat germ cell-free system, resulting in the synthesis of two primary translation products for the alpha chain, that differed in molecular weight. In vivo pulse and pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that two early biosynthetic forms of the alpha chain were subsequently modified to yield three intracellular forms. As shown by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo H) treatment, these forms represent two alpha polypeptide chains, with varying compositions of N-linked oligosaccharides. Of the two forms of the alpha chain remaining after endo H treatment, only the form with the lowest molecular weight was associated with cells after long chase periods. The possible significance of this difference from the results with mu and delta chains is discussed. These results indicate that alpha m is distinguished from an alpha s by a difference in both primary structure and intracellular processing. The functional consequences of this distinction, previously shown for the heavy chain of membrane IgM (micrometer) and heavy chain of secretory IgM (microseconds), may reflect a principle common to the secretory and membrane forms of all immunoglobulin heavy chain classes. PMID- 6973006 TI - Endplate channel block by guanidine derivatives. AB - The effects of the n-alkyl derivatives of guanidine on the frog neuromuscular junction were studied using the two-microelectrode voltage clamp and other electrophysiological techniques. Methyl-, ethyl-, and propylguanidine stimulated the nerve-evoked release of transmitter. However, amyl-and octylguanidine had no apparent presynaptic action. All of the derivatives blocked the postsynaptic response to acetylcholine, the potency sequence being octyl-greater than amyl greater than propyl-, methyl-greater than ethylguanidine. Methyl- and octylguanidine did not protect the receptor from alpha-bungarotoxin block, suggesting that these compounds do not bind to the receptor but probably block the ionic channel. Methyl-, ethyl-, and propylguanidine shortened inward endplate currents but prolonged outward currents. Amylguanidine prolonged both inward and outward endplate currents, and the currents became biphasic at negative membrane potentials. Octylguanidine increased the rate of decay of endplate currents at all potentials. All of the derivatives blocked inward endplate currents more markedly than outward currents, resulting in a highly nonlinear current-voltage relation. Methyl-, ethyl-, and propylguanidine reversed the voltage dependence of endplate current decay, while amyl-and octylguanidine reduced the voltage dependence of endplate current decay. Octylguanidine appears to block the ionic channel in both the open and the closed state. The block of the open channel follows pseudo-first-order kinetics with a forward rate constant of 4-6 X 10(7) M 1 s-1. PMID- 6973008 TI - Interaction of activity in frog skin touch afferent units. PMID- 6973007 TI - Active and passive electrical properties of single bullfrog atrial cells. AB - Single cells from the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) atrium have been prepared by using a modification of the enzymatic dispersion procedure described by Bagby et al. (1971. Nature [Long.]. 234:351--352) and Fay and Delise (1973. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70:641--645). Visualization of relaxed cells via phase-contrast or Nomarski optics (magnification, 400--600) indicates that cells range between 150 and 350 micrometers in length and 4 and 7 micrometers in diameter. The mean sarcomere length in relaxed, quiescent atrial cells in 2.05 micrometer. Conventional electrophysiological measurements have been made. In normal Ringer's solution (2.5 mM K+, 2.5 mM Ca++) acceptable cells have stable resting potentials of about -88 mV, and large (125 mV) long-duration (approximately 720 ms) action potentials can be elicited. The Vm vs. log[K+]0 relation obtained from isolated cells is similar to that of the intact atrium. The depolarizing phase of the action potential of isolated atrial myocytes exhibits two pharmacologically separable components: tetrodotoxin (10(-6) g/ml) markedly suppresses the initial regenerative depolarization, whereas verapamil (3 x 10(-6) M) inhibits the secondary depolarization and reduce the plateau height. A bridge circuit was used to estimate the input resistance (220 +/- 7 M omega) and time constant 20 +/- 7 ms) of these cells. Two-microelectrode experiments have revealed small differences in the electrotonic potentials recorded simultaneously at two different sites within a single cell. The equations for a linear, short cable were used to calculate the electrical constants of relaxed, single atrial cells: lambda = 921.3 +/- 29.5 micrometers; Ri = 118.1 +/- 24.5 omega cm; Rm = 7.9 +/- 1.2 x 10(3) omega cm2; Cm = 2.2 +/- 0.3 mu Fcm-2. These results and the atrial cell morphology suggest that this preparation may be particularly suitable for voltage-clamp studies. PMID- 6973010 TI - A boundary method for attenuation correction in positron computed tomography. AB - A new method for attenuation correction in positron computed tomography (PCT) has been developed, and it can improve the quality of PCT images. The method requires a short transmission scan by the PCT system. Then boundaries between tissues with significantly different attenuation coefficients are determined from the transmission image by edge-finding techniques. Attenuation correction factors(ACF) are then calculated using these boundaries and the average attenuation coefficients within the enclosed regions. The method has been tested on computer-simulated data, on scans of phantoms, and on patient studies, and has been found effective in reducing the random noise in transmission measurements and in providing more accurate ACFs than the method using geometric attenuation correction. As a result, transmission scan times can be shortened, inconvenience to patients is reduced, and PCT images are improved. PMID- 6973009 TI - Potassium ion homeostasis in amphibian brain: contribution of active transport and oxidative metabolism. PMID- 6973012 TI - Four cone pigments in women heterozygous for color deficiency. PMID- 6973011 TI - Tomographic thyroid scintigraphy: comparison with standard pinhole imaging: concise communication. AB - Coded-aperture imaging (CAI) and multiple-view pinhole imaging (PI) of the thyroid were compared in a prospective study in 136 consecutive patients. Following 10 mCi of pertechnetate, 200K-count pinhole images were obtained in the anterior, RAO, and LAO projections, and CAI data were obtained in the anterior position. Four coronal tomographic sections were reconstructed by computer. Five observers read the studies separately, and ROC curves were constructed. Based on 109 pairs of studies, the ROC curves revealed similar performance for all observers for both techniques. When four observers compared the studies subjectively they rated the CAI more useful in 36% of cases, the PI in 6%, and the two equal in 58%. The advantages offered by the tomograms included improved contrast, accurate size representation of the gland at all depths, freedom frm pinhole-type distortion, and faster data acquisition. The major disadvantage to tomography was the 2-hr computer-processing time required. It this can be reduced, CAI offers sufficient advantages over conventional pinhole imaging to warrant its routine use. PMID- 6973013 TI - [An immunological study on recurrent tonsillitis before and after tonsillectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973014 TI - [Nasal mucociliary function in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973015 TI - [CT diagnosis of parotid gland tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973016 TI - Prevalence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in severe combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 6973019 TI - Severe combined immunodeficiency with quantitatively normal but abnormally differentiated T lymphocytes. PMID- 6973018 TI - Lack of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human milk. PMID- 6973017 TI - Adequate bone mineralization in breast-fed infants. AB - To determine if human milk provides sufficient nutrients for adequate bone mineralization in healthy term infants, 76 term Caucasian infants were evaluated at 2 and 16 weeks of age. The infants and their mothers were divided according to the infant's diet into three groups: human milk alone, human milk with supplemental vitamin D, and Similac. At 2 and 16 weeks of age, bone mineral content was measured by photon absorptiometry and blood was drawn for measurement of serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-OH vitamin D. At both 2 and 16 weeks of age, BMC was similar among all three feeding groups. At 16 weeks of age there was no difference in serum total Ca, ionized Ca, P, or alkaline phosphatase values. At 16 weeks of age the serum 25-OH D concentration was lower in the infants fed human milk alone (P less than 0.05), but was within the normal adult range. Maternal BMC and serum 25-OH D values are similar among the three groups. No seasonal effect on BMC was observed. Our data suggest that during the first 16 weeks of life, routine vitamin D supplementation for breast-fed term Caucasian infants may not be necessary. PMID- 6973020 TI - Vitamin D deficiency rickets as a late complication of the short gut syndrome during infancy. AB - Four infants with less than 35 cm of jejunum and ileum remaining following neonatal operations and after being weaned from long-term total parenteral nutrition onto an "elemental" formula, developed the syndrome of vitamin D deficiency rickets at 9-15 mo of age. The diagnosis of rickets was confirmed by biochemical and radiographic findings. Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25 OHD) values were significantly lower than normal and oral 25 OHD absorption studies indicated severe vitamin D malabsorption. This report emphasizes the importance of prospective assessment of all neonates having distal ileal resection to detect the early stages of vitamin D deficiency rickets. PMID- 6973022 TI - Filtration coefficients and osmotic reflexion coefficients of the walls of single frog mesenteric capillaries. AB - 1. Single capillaries in the mesentery of pithed frogs were perfused with frog Ringer solutions containing various concentrations of bovine serum albumin and myoglobin. Filtration coefficients (Lp) of the capillary wall were determined from measurements of fluid filtration rate at a series of different capillary pressures (Michel, Mason, Curry & Tooke, 1974). The osmotic reflexion coefficients (sigma) to albumin and myoglobin were determined by comparing the effective osmotic pressure exerted by these solutes across the capillary walls with their osmotic pressures in a membrane osmometer. 2. Lp and sigma to albumin were measured in eighteen vessels at different sites in the capillary bed with the tissue temperature in the range of 20-24 degrees C. Lp varied from 1.5 x 10( 3) to 15 x 10(-3) micrometer sec-1 cm H2O-1 having a higher mean value in nine venous capillaries (11.33 x 10(-3) micrometer sec-1 cm H2O-1) than in nine arterial and mid-capillaries (4.83 x 10(-3) micrometer sec-1 cm H2O-1). For all eighteen vessels sigma to albumin had a mean value of 0.816 (S.E. of mean +/- 0.027). There was no correlation between Lp and sigma. The mean value of sigma for the venous capillaries was 0.841 (S.E. of mean +/- 0.04) and the other nine vessels 0.802 (S.E. of mean +/- 0.034). 3. The osmotic reflexion coefficient to myoglobin was measured in seven different capillaries and found to have a mean value of 0.348 (S.E. of mean +/- 0.012) at 20-24 degrees C. The Lp of the capillaries varied from 3.0 x 10(-3) to 10.5 x 10(-3) micrometer sec-1 cm H2O-1. There was no correlation between sigma for myoglobin and Lp. 4. The method of Curry, Mason & Michel (1976) was used to measure sigma for urea in eight capillaries at 20-24 degrees C (sigma for albumin was also measured in two of these vessels). The mean value of sigma for urea was 0.061 (S.E. of mean +/- 0.012). The exclusive water channel (Curry et al. 1976) was calculated to have a value of 0.209 x 10(-3) micrometer sec-1 H2O-1. 5. The effects of temperature on Lp were investigated in a further seven capillaries. It was found that when tissue temperature changed slowly (less than 2 degrees C min-1) the changes of Lp were similar to the reciprocal changes in the viscosity of water. 6. The estimates of Lp and sigma for myoglobin and serum albumin are discussed in terms of the classical pore theory and in terms of a theory that the molecular sieving properties of the capillary wall reside in a matrix of molecular fibres which covers the endothelial cells and fills the channels through or between them. A quantitative theory of a fibre matrix membrane is given in the Appendix. PMID- 6973023 TI - Influence of vascular flow on amino acid transport across frog small intestine. AB - 1. The vascularly perfused intestine of the frogs, Rana ridibunda and R. pipiens, was used to investigate the transfer of the non-metabolized amono acids alpha amino isobutyric acid (AIB) and 1-amino-cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (cycloleucine) across the intestinal epithelium from the lumen into the portal vein. 2. The steady-state rate of transfer of cycloleucine was significantly increased with increasing vascular flow rate, both in the presence and absence of Na in the fluid in the intestinal lumen, although at all flow rates the transfer was lower when the Na was replaced by K. The relatively high rate of transfer of cycloleucine seen at high rates of vascular flow when the luminal perfusate was free of Na was almost abolished when leucine was added to the lumen. 3. When the vascular flow is interrupted cycloleucine is taken up from the lumen and accumulates in the tissue. The accumulated amino acid can be measured during the subsequent wash-out when the vascular flow is resumed. The rates of transfer of accumulated cycloleucine as measured during subsequent wash-out were lower than those found at continuous flow; it is suggested that there is a limit to the amount of amino acid that the epithelial tissue can retain when the vascular flow is interrupted. A significant accumulation of cycloleucine occurs when Na is present in the lumen, but the accumulation is negligible when Na is replaced by K. 4. The unloading of the amino acids AIB and cycloleucine from the epithelium into the vasculature was investigated. The two amino acids showed markedly different kinetics of exit, that of AIB being monoexponential while that of cycloleucine was biexponential. Moreover, the rate of exit of cycloleucine was influenced by the presence of Na in the intestinal lumen, and by the rate of vascular perfusion. The apparent diffusion coefficients for the exit were smaller than those expected had unloading taken place by unobstructed free diffusion. 5. It is concluded that specific processes for exit from the epithelium play a significant role in amino acid transfer across the small intestine, and that the exit of AIB is more restricted than that of cycloleucine. PMID- 6973021 TI - A study of tetanic and post-tetanic potentiation of miniature end-plate potentials at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - 1. The involvement of calcium sodium, potassium and magnesium in tetanic and post tetanic potentiation of miniature end-plate potential frequency was examined at the frog neuromuscular junction using conventional electrophysiological techniques. 2. Tetanic potentiation is larger in calcium containing solutions, than in solutions which generate reversed electrochemical gradient for calcium during nerve activity. 3. Tetanic potentiation increases with stimulation frequency and duration, under both inward and reversed electrochemical gradient for calcium conditions. This indicates that factors, other than calcium entry, participate in tetanic potentiation. 4. Addition of the potassium conductance blocking agent, 3-aminopyridine (5 mM), increases tetanic potentiation in calcium containing media, while depressing it under reversed calcium gradient. 5. Electronic depolarization of the nerve terminal in tetrodotoxin-containing Ringer solution, produces tetanic potentiation under inward gradient, but fails to do so under reversed gradient. This indicates that the entry of sodium ions participates in the generation of tetanic potentiation. 6. Addition of magnesium ions suppresses tetanic potentiation in calcium containing solution, but increases tetanic potentiation under reversed gradient. 7. The results are explained by the hypothesis that calcium entry and intracellular calcium translocation participate in the generation of tetanic potentiation. 8. Both the fast and the slow components (augmentation and potentiation respectively) of post tetanic potentiation increase in duration, with increase in the tetanic stimulation rate. 9. The decay of post-tetanic potentiation increases: when [Ca]o is elevated by ionophoretic application during the decay phase only, when ouabain is present in the medium or when [Mg]o is elevated. These finding suggest that calcium, sodium and possibly magnesium take part in post-tetanic potentiation. PMID- 6973024 TI - PiPclifton: a new alpha 1-antitrypsin allele in an American Negro family. PMID- 6973026 TI - Fatal gastric hemorrhage: a complication of cardiorespiratory resuscitation. AB - Clinical courses of 16 patients with documented gastric trauma resulting from cardiopulmonary resuscitation were reviewed from seven published manuscripts (1 7). Three patients with gastric rupture survived the therapy (2, 3, 7), two ultimately died of their original disease, and one recovered completely (2). Of the 15 who died, the gastric trauma contributed very little to the fatal outcome of the patients. The case reported here suffered death from gastric mucosal lacerations caused by cardiopulmonary resuscitation resulting in a fatal massive gastric hemorrhage. PMID- 6973025 TI - Epithelial potassium transport: tracer and electrophysiological studies in choroid plexus. PMID- 6973027 TI - Radiologic management of traumatic hepatic artery-portal vein arteriovenous fistulae. AB - Traumatic hepatic artery portal vein arteriovenous fistulae (HPF) are uncommon but potentially life-threatening distortions of hepatic circulation. They are curable causes of gastrointestinal bleeding and portal hypertension. HPF may result from lacerations of adjacent arterial and venous walls, pseudoaneurysms, or liver erosion causing a shunt into the portal vein. Symptoms are GI bleeding, or crampy abdominal pain and diarrhea, or in delayed HPF, signs of portal hypertension. Angiography can make the diagnosis and may be therapeutic, as in one reported case, in which successful transcatheter embolization obviated the need for surgical treatment. PMID- 6973028 TI - Distribution of concanavalin A receptors in thymocytes and spleen cells during cell movement. PMID- 6973030 TI - [Coronary artery reconstruction in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6973029 TI - Bacteriologic features of chronic sinusitis in children. AB - Aspiration of chronically inflamed sinuses was aseptically performed in 40 children. The median age was 11 years (range, 6 to 16 years). The sinuses were the maxillary (15 cases), ethmoid (13), and frontal (seven). Pansinusitis was present in five patients. All aspirates were cultured for aerobes and anaerobes and yielded bacterial growth in 37 patients. A total of 121 isolates (97 anaerobic and 24 aerobic) were recovered, accounting for 2.7 anaerobes and 0.6 aerobes per specimen. Anaerobic organisms were recovered from all 37 culture positive specimens, and in 14 cases (38%) they were mixed with aerobic organisms. The predominant anaerobic organisms were Bacteroides species (36), anaerobic Gram positive cocci (28), and Fusobacterium species (13). The predominant aerobic isolates were alpha-hemolytic streptococci (seven), Staphylococcus aureus (seven), and Haemophilus species (four). These findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in the polymicrobial cause of long-term sinusitis in children. PMID- 6973031 TI - [Detection of Tmu and Tgamma lymphocytes by double rosette technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973032 TI - [Abstracts of the 80th Congress of the Japanese Society of Dermatology]. PMID- 6973033 TI - [Penicillin rash and cephalosporin rash in guinea pigs-cell-mediated immunity and humoral antibody in drug-induced experimental rash (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973036 TI - [A study on experimental acrodermatitis enteropathica (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973035 TI - [Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973034 TI - [Morphometrical analyses of the tumor cells in the calcifying epithelioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973037 TI - [Ano-sacral cutaneous amyloidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973039 TI - [Immunohistological and immunoserological studies on psoriasis]. PMID- 6973038 TI - [Ultrastructure of cutaneous lesions in lupus erythematosus. Comparison between cutaneous type and systemic type. (4) Dermal blood vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973041 TI - [Immunological parameters in lead workers (author's transl)]. AB - There have been few published data on immunological effects of lead in man. In this report, blood lead concentration, lymphocyte count, T-cell and B-cell lymphocyte subpopulation and absolute count, peripheral eosinophil count and PHA induced in vitro blastoid transformation were studied in 35 lead smelters and 11 control workers. T-cell subpopulation was significantly lower and B-cell subpopulation as well as B-cell absolute count were significantly higher in lead workers compared to the control workers. On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were found in T-cell absolute count and PHA induced blastoid transformation. Consequently, it was concluded that any quantitative or qualitative change may not be induced in T-cell lymphocytes at the observed level of lead exposure and it was suggested that the humoral immunity of lead workers was influenced by apparent increase of B-cell lymphocyte count in lead workers. The dose-effect relationship between blood lead concentration and the increase in B-cell lymphocyte count could not be ascertained due to the lack of data at intermediate levels of lead exposure. PMID- 6973042 TI - [Science of symptomatology: hemorrhage. Hemorrhage of the digestive system]. PMID- 6973040 TI - [A case of portal hypertension with massive gastrointestinal bleeding from ileal varices (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973043 TI - [Science of symptomatology: hemorrhage. Hemostatic therapy and nursing care in rupture of esophageal varices--use of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube]. PMID- 6973044 TI - Backward walking induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan in mice. AB - An intraperitoneal administration of large doses of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L 5HTP) induced dose-dependently a behaviour characterized by backward walking in mice. D-5-hydroxytryptophan (D-5HTP) and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) in the same doses failed to induce such behaviour. The backward walking induced by L 5HTP was blocked by a decarboxylase inhibitor, DL-alpha-methyl-DOPA, but was potentiated by a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), tranylcypromine or pargyline. An intracerebral injection of L-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced a similar backward walking which was potentiated by a MAOI. The backward walking induced by L-5HTP was completely inhibited by 5-HT and dopamine (DA) receptor blockers, but was not inhibited by alpha- or beta-adrenergic blocker, antihistamine or anticholinergic drug. On the other hand, zimelidine and clomipramine, 5-HT uptake inhibitors, markedly potentiated the backward walking, while desipramine had no effect. From the results, it appears that excess amounts of 5-HT formed from L-5HTP produced the backward walking by directly stimulating the central 5-HT receptors, and DA is also involved in the behaviour. This behaviour may serve as a good model to assess the central serotonergic activity of drugs. PMID- 6973045 TI - [Ocular side effects of digitalis (author's transl)]. AB - In the Federal Republic of Germany nearly 4 million patients receive cardiac glycosides. Intoxication rates of up to 20% have been reported. About 80% of digoxin-intoxicated patients show generalized color vision deficiencies. Ophthalmologists should pay more attention to color vision disturbances due to digitalis. PMID- 6973046 TI - Inactivation of urinary kallikrein by alpha 1-antitrypsin. AB - Proteolytic activity, with azocasein as substrate in the presence and absence of 0.4 IU kallikrein (Padutin) was measured in the 24 h urine fractions of 100 ambulatory patients with hypertension, proteinuria or haematuria. Urinary protein and alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration have also been assayed. There was an inverse relationship between kallikrein activity and urinary alpha1-antitrypsin concentration( r = 0.84; y = 39.2 e-0.009x). Furthermore, kallikrein activity and 24 h urinary alpha 1-antitrypsin excretion were also inversely correlated (r = 0.81; y = 886,4 e-0.011x). Our data suggest an inactivation of renal kallikrein by urinary alpha 1-antitrypsin. PMID- 6973047 TI - Coexisting idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and coronary artery disease. Clinical implication and operative management. AB - Patients with either coronary artery disease (CAD) or idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) may have angina as a dominant symptom. It is also possible that these two diseases may coexist in the same patient. Such an association has been reported in 25% of patients with IHSS who are over 45 years of age. It is important that both entities be looked for in the evaluation of the patient with angina, particularly when operative management is contemplated. Treatment of one and not the other may leave the patient symptomatic. We have encountered three patients with both CAD and severe IHSS and have managed each with septal myectomy and coronary artery revascularization. Each has obtained significant symptomatic improvement. PMID- 6973048 TI - [Various problems concerning the nursing procedure]. PMID- 6973050 TI - Skeletal anomalies and ophthalmic findings in two siblings. PMID- 6973049 TI - Host factors in bronchitis and emphysema. PMID- 6973051 TI - Ultrastructure of Groenouw II type corneal dystrophy. PMID- 6973052 TI - Abetalipoproteinemia-a case report. PMID- 6973053 TI - [Exulceratio simplex - a disease to consider in massive gastric bleeding]. PMID- 6973054 TI - [Acute operation of therapy-resistant ventricle tachycardia]. PMID- 6973055 TI - [Trends in the development of electrotherapeutic equipment]. PMID- 6973056 TI - Lipid peroxide formation and membrane damage in endotoxin-poisoned mice. AB - Lipid peroxide formation and plasma membrane damage in mouse liver following the administration of Salmonella endotoxin were examined. The liver lipoperoxide level was markedly elevated in animals given endotoxin compared with that in the controls, and returned to its normal range after 2 days. On the other hand, superoxide dismutase activity was decreased by 18--48 hr after endotoxin injection, thereafter tending to increase. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities declined in the liver 18 hr after the injection. The endotoxin resulted in much lower lipoperoxide formation in the livers of tolerant mice than in those of the poisoned mice. The lipoperoxide level in endotoxin poisoned mice after the administration of alpha-tocopherol was lower than that in the controls, and alpha-tocopherol administration prevented completely the membrane protein damage that arose from endotoxin challenge. After glutathione administration the membranes of the poisoned mice also returned to almost the normal disk electrophoretic profile. These results suggest that lipid peroxide formation in the liver plasma membrane caused by free radicals might occur in a tissue ischemic state in endotoxicosis. PMID- 6973057 TI - Mitogenic effect of cytoplasmic membranes and a cytoplasmic fraction of Staphylococcus aureus L-forms on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The cytoplasmic membranes and a cytoplasmic fraction of Staphylococcus aureus L forms increased the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by human lymphocytes in the presence of fetal bovine serum. Both fractions stimulated cord blood lymphocytes as well as adult peripheral lymphocytes, suggesting the possibility that the observed effect was not due to an antigen-specific reaction, but to an immunologically nonspecific action. The membrane mitogen(s) was resistant to trypsin, although it was partially solubilized by trypsin treatment. The mitogen(s) could not be extracted with a chloroform-methanol mixture (2:1, v/v), although the chloroform-methanol soluble fraction was strongly mitogenic to murine splenocytes. Human serum which was added to the assay system in place of fetal bovine serum definitely suppressed the mitogenic effect of both cytoplasmic membranes and the cytoplasmic fraction, especially the latter. PMID- 6973058 TI - Target antigen of vaccinia-infected cells recognized by virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - A vaccinia-specific target antigen for recognition of anti-vaccinia cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was found to be formed on the surface of infected cells through two distinct processes. In the first phase, the expression of the target antigen was dependent on the dose of inoculated virus, without specific protein synthesis. The target antigen seems to be produced by virus-cell fusion. In the second phase, the expression of the target antigen was accompanied by synthesis of an early protein. In spite of the difference in their mode of expression, the first-phase and the second-phase target antigens were cross-reactive in cytotoxicity inhibition assays. Cowpox virus, CPR Cl strain, brought about a lower response than vaccinia virus, IHD-J strain, in both sensitization of CTL and formation of CTL-susceptible cells at both the first and the second phase. The cross-reactive, but inefficient, recognition of anti-vaccinia CTL for cowpox infected cells suggested a slight difference in the target antigens of the two viruses. Attempts to identify the target antigen were then made by comparing the polypeptide composition of vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, and their recombinants. SDS-PAGE analysis of trypsin-activated viruses revealed 44K (cowpox)/45K (vaccinia) polypeptides which corresponded to the difference in target cell formation. Trypsinization of the viruses also increased the ability of the virus to induce the production of CTL-susceptible target cells. PMID- 6973061 TI - Clinical features of vaginal infections. PMID- 6973065 TI - Psychogenic rheumatism. PMID- 6973063 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6973059 TI - Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to isometric exercise of athletes and non athletes. PMID- 6973064 TI - [Pleuropulmonary aspects of rheumatic disease]. PMID- 6973062 TI - "Fish fanciers' finger": tropical fish-tank granuloma. PMID- 6973068 TI - Ischemia of the colon. PMID- 6973067 TI - The role of cardiac catheterization and angiography. PMID- 6973069 TI - Complications of gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 6973066 TI - Nuclear skeleton structures in some normal and tumor cells. AB - Nuclear protein fractions, described earlier, were identified as constituents of the nuclear sap (the 'globulin fraction'), that of the nucleoli and ribonucleoprotein network (the 'acidic protein'), and of the nuclear envelope (the 'residual protein'). The latter two fractions compose the protein skeleton of the cell nucleus. An essential difference between electrophoretic profiles of nuclear skeleton structures in experimental tumors and those of normal tissues was revealed. Tumor preparations contained more high molecular weight polypeptides and, in earlier stages of growth, low molecular weight components as well. Fractionation of the nuclear matrix proteins showed that the bulk of them are soluble in diluted alkali. The alkali-insoluble fraction retains the shape of the nucleus and appears in the electron microscope as a spongy nuclear skeleton. A finely dispersed fraction sedimenting from the alkaline suspension is enriched with the pore complexes. The fractions obtained differ in protein composition and probably contain protein components which are similar in molecular weights but non-identical. PMID- 6973070 TI - Metastasis versus pancreatitis affecting the transverse colon. PMID- 6973072 TI - Radiology of fish foreign bodies in the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. PMID- 6973060 TI - Results of coronary artery surgery. AB - Four hundred and two patients undergoing coronary artery surgery from 1972 to 1978 inclusive have been followed up; 343 patients had coronary artery surgery without associated surgical procedures. In the over-all experience, the operative mortality rate was 5% falling to 1.5% in recent years. The seven-year survival rate was 90% compared with a 92% for an age-sex matched population. Late survival figures have improved with further surgical experience and the 30-month survival is now 98%. Seven per cent of patients sustained a perioperative infarction, but the over-all mortality rate was similar in patients with or without infarction. There has been a recurrence rate of angina of approximately 5% per annum; however, in our more recent experience, 82% of our patients were alive and free of angina two years after surgery. PMID- 6973073 TI - Trabecular patterns and the internal architecture of bone. PMID- 6973071 TI - Benign pancreatic cystadenoma. PMID- 6973074 TI - When to question the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma. PMID- 6973075 TI - Gastrointestinal abnormalities in the Cornelia de Lange syndrome. PMID- 6973076 TI - Computed tomography in diagnosis of vascular rib lesions in children. PMID- 6973077 TI - Uses and limitations of computerize tomography of the pelvis. PMID- 6973078 TI - Transjugular approach to carotid cavernous fistulas. PMID- 6973079 TI - The place of the anesthesiologist in the department of radiology. PMID- 6973080 TI - Radiologic notes. PMID- 6973081 TI - An unusual case of thyroid carcinoma metastasis to the posterior fossa. PMID- 6973082 TI - Breast imaging: past, present and future. PMID- 6973083 TI - Problems in mammography. PMID- 6973084 TI - Trenimon-induced SCEs and structural chromosomal aberrations in early- and late dividing lymphocytes. AB - In cultures of human peripheral lymphocytes the frequencies of Trenimon-induced SCEs in second post-treatment metaphases and of structural chromosomal aberrations in first, second and third post-treatment metaphases were clearly lower at late as compared with early fixation times. These results, which are discussed, indicate that T cells (early dividing) are more sensitive with respect to the induction of SCEs and structural chromosomal aberrations by Trenimon as compared with B cells (late dividing). PMID- 6973086 TI - Assay of an activity in the serum of patients with disorders of thrombopoiesis that stimulates formation of megakaryocytic colonies. AB - We have recently described an in vitro clonal assay system for human megakaryocyte-progenitor cells or megakaryocytic colony-forming units (CFU-M). Serum specimens from patients with quantitative platelet disorders were screened for the capacity to alter in vitro megakaryocyte-colony formation. Serum from 11 patients with hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia significantly enhanced the formation of CFU-M-derived colonies (200 to 1840 per cent). Neither serum from eight patients with thrombocytopenia and normal or increased numbers of marrow megakaryocytes nor serum from 11 patients with thrombocytosis altered colony formation. This stimulatory activity has been termed megakaryocytic-colony stimulating activity (Meg-CSA). The number of megakaryocytic colonies formed was directly proportional to the quantity of stimulatory serum added. Meg-CSA levels appeared to be inversely related to marrow megakaryocyte numbers. The variations in Meg-CSA levels that were detected in different disease states suggest that alterations in the production of this stem-cell regulator have physiologic importance. PMID- 6973085 TI - Bromouracil-induced mutagenesis in a mismatch-repair-deficient strain of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Cells of wild-type Haemophilus influenzae and of a mismatch-repair-deficient mutant (hex-) were grown in a chemically defined medium containing either thymidine or 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR). Spontaneous mutation frequencies to resistance against 3 antibiotics observed for the thymidine cultures were 10-30 times higher for the hex- mutant. The mutation frequencies observed for the BUdR hex- culture were increased by another 10 times while those for the wild-type suspension did not differ from the frequencies seen in the thymidine medium. PMID- 6973087 TI - Morphology after transluminal angioplasty in human beings. PMID- 6973089 TI - Antibody against T cell-replacing factor acceptor site(s) augments in vivo primary IgM responses to suboptimal doses of heterologous erythrocytes. PMID- 6973088 TI - Immature IgA B cells in IgA-deficient patients. PMID- 6973090 TI - Phylogenetic tracing of Ia genes. PMID- 6973092 TI - Two genes interact to control development of a lymphoid/erythroid hyperplastic disorder of mice. PMID- 6973093 TI - Distinct genes for fibroblast and serum C1q. PMID- 6973095 TI - [New methods in the image-forming diagnosis of the central nervous system]. PMID- 6973091 TI - Behavioural and microspectro-photometric measurements of colour vision in monkeys. PMID- 6973096 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6973099 TI - [Variations in serum levels of C-reactive protein in severe head injury patients (author's transl)]. AB - The variations of fibrinogen, alpha-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared in sera from patients with a cranial trauma. All these protein concentrations were increased with CRP variation being the most marked and the most rapid. The prognostic and diagnostic value of CRP determination was studied in a series of 88 patients selected according to their clinical evolution. Four typical serum patterns of CRP were obtained according to the evolution of cranial trauma. The validity of this classification was tested in blind on 324 patients. The authors propose to determine daily serum CRP for four days after a trauma in order to survey its evolution. This biochemical information has to be added to the clinical data. PMID- 6973097 TI - Effect of tumor growth on migratory properties of T lymphocytes in rats. AB - The dynamics of changes was followed in the migratory properties of T lymphocytes from lymphoid organs of tumor-bearing rats, labeled in vitro with 3H-uridine and injected i.v. to normal recipients, a comparison being made with the migration of T cells from normal donors in syngeneic recipients. The progressive tumor growth was found to correlate with a decline of the ability of spleen T cells from a tumor-bearing rat to migrate to the spleen and lymph nodes of normal animals, following a transient striking migration in the early stages after inoculation with tumor cells. The site of an intensive migration was the liver. T lymphocytes of lymph node draining tumor migrated in correlation with its growth in an enhanced percentage into the spleen, and in a reduced ratio to the lymph node of a normal recipient. T lymphocyte migration of all the lymphoid organs followed became normalized in the stage of the tumor rejection. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from a tumor-bearing donor showed a depressed ability to migrate into normal lymphoid organs, while the migration rate of thymocytes from such donors in normal recipients underwent no change with the exception of an increased migration into the liver during tumor regression. The results showed changes in the migratory properties of labeled T cells to depend on the immune status of the donor and the lymphoid organ source of the injected lymphocytes. PMID- 6973098 TI - Some immunological peculiarities in generalized plasmacytoma and their possible clinical interpretation. AB - According to the immunological classification, plasmacytoma is assigned to the group of secretory immunocytomas. The designation "immunoproliferative hemoblastosis" implies certain peculiarities of immunological reactivity in its malignant transformation. The study deals with some of the more recent concepts on the immunochemical properties and morphological differentiation of plasmatic or plasmacytoma cells. Mention is also made of the results of some tests for evaluation of the function of T and B lymphocytes in patients suffering from a generalized plasmacytoma, during the course of chemotherapy. PMID- 6973094 TI - Monosynaptic muscarinic activation of K+ conductance underlies the slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential in sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 6973100 TI - [Value of axial computerized tomography for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the ventriculo-atrial shunt]. AB - The authors describe 32 cases of hydrocephalus of different aetiology in which the effectiveness of the ventriculoatrial shunt was evaluated by means of repeated computerized axial tomographic (CT) investigations. This investigation made it possible to demonstrate in a way not exposing the patients to any complications that the shunt was effective in 87.4% of cases with reduction of the size of the ventricular system of significant and moderate degree. Simultaneously with reduction of the size of the ventricular system an improvement of the clinical state was observed in these patients with disappearance of the signs of increased intracranial pressure. It was observed that in cases of normotensive hydrocephalus presence of cortical atrophy in CT investigation made the prognosis unfavourable despite treatment with the shunt. The analysis of the presented material demonstrated a high usefulness of CT in the observation of hydrocephalus dynamics in cases of different aetiology treated by means of the shunt. PMID- 6973101 TI - Tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of morphine in the spinal rat. PMID- 6973102 TI - Aneurysms of the vein of Galen in infants aged 2 to 15 months. Diagnosis and natural evolution. AB - This is a report of seven cases of aneurysm of the vein of Galen (AVG) with a review of the clinical and radiological aspects of 48 cases in the literature. The natural evolution and pathophysiology of this vascular malformation are discussed. The clinical signs of this condition are often misleading. The appearance of AVG on CT is pathognomic. Surveillance of the vascular malformation and associated cerebral lesions can be maintained with subsequent CT. Spontaneous thrombosis of the aneurysm was observed in three cases. The diagnosis of thrombosis of the AVG was always made at operation or by histological examination. The radiological appearance of a thrombosed aneurysm is typical. PMID- 6973103 TI - [Digestive hemorrhages and intestinal metastases of chorioepithelioma]. AB - An unusual case of digestive haemorrhage due to colic metastasis of choriocarcinoma is reported. Reference is made to the fact that the literature contains only three other cases of intestinal metastasis from choriocarcinoma and one from haemorrhagic destructive mole. Note is taken of the fact that the multiplicity of secondary sites may lead to haemorrhage in other districts, particularly the brain. Even so, the digestive haemorrhage is often the introductory sign of the primary neoplasia. The various ways of preoperatively diagnosing its nature and site are discussed. It is also shown that surgical management can be combined with suitable chemotherapy to achieve encouraging results. PMID- 6973104 TI - [Surgical treatment of diverticular disease of the colon. Operative methods in 106 cases]. PMID- 6973105 TI - [Cimetidine therapy of hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6973107 TI - [The polycystic kidney and serum alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Observations on 2 family groups]. AB - The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between association of alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (an inborn error of metabolism) and familial polycystic disease of the kidney. Emphasis is laid on coexistence of two the pathological fitness in some members of two family tree. Based on the presented findings it seems reasonable to conclude that AAT-deficiency may be correlated to the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney. PMID- 6973106 TI - [Problems of immunological monitoring and lung excision for carcinoma]. AB - Following a number of remarks on the desirability of introducing into the practice of bronchopulmonary cancer surgery certain immunological ideas, a monitoring programme to be adopted in candidates for lung exeresis and for their subsequent monitoring is presented. The data to emerge thus far may be correlated fairly precisely with the prognosis and from this point of view their use in the selection of patients to be operated might be hypothesised. PMID- 6973111 TI - [Modification of Muratori's osteofibrous implant]. PMID- 6973110 TI - [The use of the computer in dentistry]. PMID- 6973109 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of the postpartum uterus in the management of postpartum bleeding. AB - Although the diagnostic use of ultrasound has been well established in the management of antepartum problems, its place in the postpartum period has not been widely recognized. Fifty-six patients with postpartum bleeding underwent ultrasonic evaluation of postpartum uterus. Retained placental tissue was found in 9, and large blood clots in 5 patients. Forty-two patients who were found to have an empty uterus were treated conservatively with intravenous oxytocin infusion. The ultrasonic diagnosis correlated well with the clinical findings and with response to treatment. The results of the study encouraged the authors to continue the investigation, which thus far favors the routine use of ultrasound in managing postpartum bleeding. PMID- 6973112 TI - [Practicality and economy with the "Costum" blade technic of Muratori]. PMID- 6973108 TI - [Histocompatibility cross test with B-lymphocytes and lymphocytotoxicity of the blood of pregnant women]. PMID- 6973114 TI - [The HG skeletal activator]. PMID- 6973116 TI - Subdivisional organization of the trigeminal ganglion in the rat and duck. PMID- 6973115 TI - [Dosage methods for fluorine as a tracer. Application to the study of the diffusion of fluoride amalgams into dental tissues]. PMID- 6973117 TI - Visual results of a long-term trial of a low-arginine diet in gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina. AB - Visual function has been serially assessed in two gyrate atrophy patients who have had long-term reduction of plasma ornithine concentrations by a low-arginine diet. One patient demonstrated subjective and objective improvement after 15 months of treatment. In addition to improvements in dark adaptation thresholds, enlargement of visual fields, and a more normal electroretinogram, there was marked improvement in cone function as measured by color vision. There has been no change noted in the second patient. These results suggest that reduction of plasma ornithine may be beneficial in gyrate atrophy patients and that the high ornithine concentrations characteristic of this disorder play some role in the pathophysiology. PMID- 6973118 TI - 6. Oral contraceptives. PMID- 6973119 TI - Otological aspects of the earpit-deafness syndrome. AB - The results of a systematic study of the otological aspects in 13 cases of earpit deafness syndrome are reported. The audiometric, radiological and vestibular findings as well as the results of exploratory tympanotomies with and without stapedectomies are discussed together with the results reported in the literature. A convincing explanation of the poor results of exploratory tympanotomies in cases with mixed hearing loss is not furnished. If the hearing loss is confined to conduction and ankylosis of the stapes or a disconnection of the ossicular chain is suspected, exploratory tympanotomy can be expected to be successful. PMID- 6973113 TI - [Experiences with a new method for model preparation]. PMID- 6973121 TI - [Function of the organ of equilibrium in judo sportsmen]. PMID- 6973122 TI - [Peripheral leukocyte migration inhibition test in children with recurrent bronchitis]. PMID- 6973120 TI - [Changes in rosette count under the effect of tuberculin antigen (in vitro study of tuberculin type hypersensitivity)]. PMID- 6973124 TI - [T- and B-lymphocytes in children with chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 6973123 TI - [Development of humoral immunity in the light of the studies of B-lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6973125 TI - [Characteristics of immunoglobulin group system and anti-immunoglobulin antibodies in children treated with blood]. PMID- 6973126 TI - [Immunological aspects of pubertal goiter]. PMID- 6973127 TI - [Combined immunologic deficiency syndrome in a 3-year-old child]. PMID- 6973128 TI - Paraplegia due to peripheral venous air embolus in a neonate: a case report. AB - A term male infant with pneumonia was receiving fluid and antibiotics through an intravenous line in the scalp. Air was accidentally infused in this line. Subsequently, discoloration of the skin, a flaccid paraplegia, hematuria, and gastrointestinal bleeding occurred as the presumed effect of venous air entering the systemic arteries. The umbilical vessels were never catheterized. Absence of any apparent cerebral air embolism is interpreted as being due to the infant's position (head down) at the time of air infusion. The pathogenesis and prevention of this tragic complication are discussed. PMID- 6973129 TI - Influenzae b epiglottitis and meningitis. PMID- 6973130 TI - Pharmacokinetic comparison of intravenous and oral chloramphenicol in patients with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol following intravenous and oral administration were studied in 14 infants with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. Following five days of treatment with intravenous chloramphenicol (100 mg/kg/day every six hours), oral chloramphenicol was substituted at the same dose. Multiple serum levels of chloramphenicol were determined after an intravenous dose on day 4 and after an oral dose on day 10. CSF levels were measured six hours after intravenous or oral chloramphenicol dose on those days (CSF trough). Following intravenous administration, the mean peak serum level of 15.0 micrograms/ml was reached at 45 minutes. In comparison, after oral chloramphenicol in the same dosage, the mean peak serum level of 18.5 micrograms/ml was achieved at two to three hours. The mean serum half-life of the drug (6.5 hours) was significantly longer after oral administration than after intravenous chloramphenicol (4.0 hours) (P less than .001). The increased serum half-life following orally administered chloramphenicol was occasionally associated with drug accumulation. In addition, mean trough CSF levels were somewhat higher when the patient received oral medication (6.6 micrograms/ml) compared to intravenous administration (4.2 micrograms/ml) (P less than .001). For any treatment regimen for H influenzae meningitis that includes a period of oral chloramphenicol therapy the patient should be hospitalized to ensure compliance. Because of the wide range of individual variation in serum half-life that may result in accumulation, periodic monitoring of serum chloramphenicol levels is also recommended. PMID- 6973131 TI - Balloon embolization of a bleeding gastroduodenal artery in a 1-year-old child. AB - Severe stress can produce ulceration and uncontrollable hemorrhage in the pediatric age group. Modern angiographic techniques, using embolization of a Silastic balloon to occlude a visualized bleeding vessel, can successfully control hemorrhage and avoid surgical intervention and its resultant disordered gastric physiology. Recently this technique was used to control hemorrhage from the gastroduodenal artery in a 1-year-old child with severe respiratory sepsis. This is the youngest reported child in whom the technique has been used to control bleeding from this vessel. PMID- 6973132 TI - Patterns of illness in the highly febrile young child: epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory correlates. AB - Three hundred one episodes of fever greater than or equal to 103 F were documented in 375 infants and young children observed in a comprehensive care clinic during the period October 1974 to October 1978. Of such highly febrile illnesses 79% were accompanied by respiratory tract signs or symptoms, 7% by disease at a site other than the respiratory tract, and 22% of illnesses had no localizing signs or symptoms. Viral cultures were obtained from the respiratory tract in 178 cases and were positive in 68: 57/134 from respiratory illness; 2/4 from illness at sites other than the respiratory tract; and 9/40 in children without localizing disease. Bacterial cultures of the upper respiratory tract were obtained in 191 illnesses, but the overall rate of isolation of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and group A streptococci (46%) did not differ from that in a group of well children (39%). Bacterial cultures of the blood were obtained in 89 patients with fever greater than or equal to 103 F and in an additional 41 children with lower temperatures. Nine children had documented systemic bacterial disease (eight positive blood cultures and one positive CSF). The rate of clinically apparent systemic bacterial disease in these otherwise normal infants was one bacteremic episode per 94 years of child care. PMID- 6973133 TI - Gastric teratoma: unusual cause for bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the newborn. AB - Bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the full-term newborn is a relatively benign and rare occurrence. This report describes a female infant with a gastric teratoma who experienced recurrent bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract as a neonate and infant secondary to gastric outlet obstruction. Anteroposterior and lateral abdominal radiographs revealed a large calcified abdominal mass with the pathognomonic features of a teratoma with a mandible and teeth. Gastric teratomas have not been previously reported as an etiologic or predisposing condition of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in two large reviews concerning this topic in the newborn and infant. This patient represents the 51st case and only the second female described in the literature. The frequency and unusual features of this treatable lesion, as well as the diagnostic approach to bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the newborn, are reviewed. PMID- 6973138 TI - [Treatment planning of conformation radiotherapy by means of computed tomography (CT) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973134 TI - Development of meningitis during therapy with cefamandole. PMID- 6973137 TI - A method for increasing the frequency response of voltage clamped myelinated nerve fibres. AB - In voltage clamp experiments on myelinated nerve fibres the time resolution of the current measurement is limited by the low-pass characteristics of the internodes. We increased the corner frequency of the current passing internode by grounding one half of this internode externally. Using a simplified equivalent circuit we calculated an increase in the bandwidth of the internode by a factor of about 6. Consequently, the peak value of the recorded capacity current increased while its duration was considerably shortened. PMID- 6973136 TI - The subcellular location of potassium flux pathways in frog skeletal muscle. AB - The influence of ouabain and physostigmine on 42K and 86Rb uptake in isolated from sartorii with normal [Na]i(12-14 mmol.kg -1 wet weight) and low [Na]i (6 mmol.kg-1 wet weight) was compared. Both in normal sodium and in low sodium muscles application of 10-3 M physostigmine reduces potassium influx by about 70%. About one forth of potassium-uptake in normal-sodium muscles is inhibited by ouabain (10-4 M) and only a very slight fraction of potassium uptake is ouabain sensitive in low-sodium muscle. The effects of ouabain and physostigmine on 42K influx are additive. The greater parts of the Rb-fluxes are through the ouabain sensitive pathway. Glycerol treatment has no effect on ouabain-sensitive channels although it inhibits markedly the K-flux through the physostigmine-sensitive pathway. The results suggest that the Na-K-ATPase is located in the surface membrane while most of the physostigmine-sensitive K-exchange is within the tubules. PMID- 6973139 TI - [Haemorrhagic necrosis of the digestive tract consecutive to massive digitalis intoxication (author's transl)]. AB - A 60-year-old man under digitalis treatment for hypertensive heart tried to commit suicide by absorbing a 15 mg dose of digitoxin. Severe intestinal bleeding occurred 12 hours later, followed by pseudo-occlusive syndrome and ischaemia of the distal lower limbs. On abdominal incision the whole gut was found to be invaded by haemorrhagic necrosis and perforated on three points. The patients subsequently died of peritonitis. The responsibility of digitoxin in these events was demonstrated by the absence of any other cause of ischaemia, such as heart failure, shock, arrhythmia, consumption coagulopathy or use of sympathomimetic drugs. This case shows that the vasoconstrictor effect of digitalis, experimentally demonstrated but clinically controversial, is a reality, and that digitalis compounds are contra-indicated in patients with haemorrhagic necrosis of the digestive tract. PMID- 6973140 TI - [The latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of meningococcal A and C, pneumococcal and H. influenzae b meningitis. A study of 920 purulent cerebrospinal fluids (author's transl)]. AB - The cerebrospinal fluids of 920 Senegalese patients with purulent meningitis wee examined by latex particle agglutination (LA) and the results were compared with those of conventional bacteriology and of counter immuno electro phoresis (C.I.E.). For all three organisms taken globally, CSF culture was positive in 72.7% of the patients, the LA test in 78.8% and the C.I.E. test in 89.0%. The LA test was positive in 17.9% of subjects with negative CSF culture. When the results wee analysed for each organism separately, the LA test was positive in 69.3%, 74.7% and 85.9% respectively of patients with meningococcal, pneumococcal and H. influenzae b meningitis. False agglutinations were found in 6.7% of meningitis due to other pathogens. Cross-reactions and autoagglutinations were rare (0.4% and 3.7% respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, simplicity and rapidity of the LA test make it extremely useful for the diagnosis of purulent meningitis, particularly in Africa. PMID- 6973135 TI - Inotropic effects of potassium rich solutions of frog cardiac muscles. AB - 1. Inotropic effects of potassium rich solutions on frog cardiac muscle have been studied bith in current clamp and voltage clamp conditions, using a double sucrose gap apparatus. 2. Potassium rich solutions cause either a positive or a negative inotropic effect, together with an increase or a decrease in the duration of the action potential, according to the preparation. 3. The phasic phase of contraction and the slow inward current are decreased in amplitude; the reversal potential of the slow inward current is shifted towards more negative values. 4. The tonic phase of contraction is first decreased, the increased; the effects are correlated with modifications of the background current, initially in the inward, then in an outward direction. 5. The tension level obtained in contracture experiments is increased or decreased, according to the direction of the changes in the background current. 6. The effects of potassium rich solutions are still observed in he presence of ouabain, suggesting that they are independent of any effect on the sodium-potassium pump. 7. The effects of potassium rich solutions are still observed when external sodium is replaced by sucrose; they disappear (except the effect on the background current) when external sodium is replaced by lithium. 8. The results, which indicate that potassium ions play a role in the regulation of the intracellular concentration of calcium ions, are discussed in relation to a possible K/Ca exchange mechanism, to the Na/Ca exchange and to the role of intracellular calcium stores. PMID- 6973141 TI - [Aortic stenosis associated with vascular malformations of the digestive tract. 2 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two patients with aortic stenosis had recurrent digestive haemorrhages. Fiberoscopy showed the presence of angiodysplasia of the stomach in one patient and of the colon in the other. This association had been reported in subjects older than 60. It does not seem to be fortuitous. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications, including the need for full radiological and endoscopic exploration of patients with recurrent digestive haemorrhages, particularly when associated with aortic stenosis. PMID- 6973142 TI - Normal human granulomonocytic bone marrow progenitor cells responsiveness to colony-stimulating activity (CSA). PMID- 6973143 TI - Nonspecific acid esterase activity in human autologous rosette-forming lymphocytes. AB - Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) distribution was studied in human peripheral blood total T cells (E-RFC) and in T lymphocyte subpopulation: Autologous rosette-forming cells (A-RFC) obtained in different conditions. The percentage of ANAE localized forms is always lower in A-RFC than in E-RFC, showing an immature state of these autoreactive cells. Among the A-RFC, the percentage of localized forms is correlated with the avidity of cells for autologous erythrocytes, suggesting linkage between A-RFC immaturity and avidity. PMID- 6973144 TI - [Quantitative radiocardiography in the differential diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac disease (author's transl)]. AB - Gated blood pool studies have been performed in about 400 patients, evaluating the regional motility and, by Fourier analysis, the following functional parameters: ejection fraction, peak ejection rate and its time, peak filling rate and its time. Wih the calibration procedure used during the first passage, we measured also the endsystolic and endiastolic volume of the left ventricle and the cardiac outpout. The changes of the different parameters caused by various diseases of the heart are discussed. It can be shown tha the measured values allow important conclusions to be made concerning the differential diagnosis. The examinations before and after surgery facilitate evaluation of therapeutic results. PMID- 6973145 TI - [Studies of cardiac metabolism with 123I-labelled fatty acids and 11C methylglucose (author's transl)]. AB - To characterize externally detectable changes in the myocardial metabolism of free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose, which are associated with ischemia and cardiomyopathy, omega-123I-heptadecanoic acid (stearic acid analogue), 75Br phenylpentadecanoic acid, and 3-0-11C-methyl-D-glucose were used as indicators. It could be demonstrated that in the metabolism of free fatty acids at least two different patho-physiological situations may exist. Disturbances in the mechanism of the accumulation of free fatty acids lead to a decrease of the amount of the free fatty acids which are available for energy production (these disturbances can be recognized as indicator accumulation defects). Disturbances associated with the mechanism of free fatty acid catabolism lead to a decrease of the ability of the myocardial cell to utilize the free fatty acids (these disturbances can be recognized as changes in indicator elimination rates). Whereas in ischaemic heart disease, the areas with altered FFA accumulation correlate with the areas of altered FFA-elimination, no correlation was found in the case of cardiomyopathy. The 11C-methylglucose seems to be an excellent indicator for the in-vivo assessment of the function of transport system in the myocardial cell membrane. PMID- 6973146 TI - 3-Methyladenine nucleosides: their synthesis, ring opening, and glycosidic bond cleavage. AB - 3-Methyladenosine (Va) and 3-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine (Vb) have been synthesized in the form of the p-toluenesulfonate salt by methylation of N'-benzyloxy-5 formamido-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamidine (IIa) and of N' benzyloxy-1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamideine (IIb) followed by hydrogenolysis of the N'-benzyloxy group and cyclization. The 3 methyladenine nucleosides thus obtained are very unstable, and their hydrolytic cleavage of the glycosidic bond and ring opening of the adenine ring have been studied. PMID- 6973147 TI - [Various immunological studies in lung neoplasms]. PMID- 6973148 TI - [Autoantibodies in brucellosis]. PMID- 6973149 TI - [[Amipaque contrast medium used in neuroradiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973150 TI - [Protease inhibitors and chronic respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6973151 TI - [Body reactivity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients who are alcoholics]. PMID- 6973152 TI - A cross-sectional study of caries prevalence in Finnish children 6-17 years of age. PMID- 6973154 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity and tumor growth in zinc-deficient mice. PMID- 6973155 TI - Cell-specific polymorphism of acid phosphatase in human blood cells: their functional and leukemic variants. PMID- 6973153 TI - Polarity of axoplasmic microtubules in the olfactory nerve of the frog. AB - Pieces of olfactory nerve of the bullfrog were extracted in a tubulin assembly buffer medium containing detergents. With incubation at 37 degrees C in such medium containing soluble tubulin, ribbons of protofilaments are formed on the surfaces of microtubules, with the ribbons curving in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. The direction of hooking reflects the polarity of the microtubule. In nerve pieces oriented such that cross sections could be viewed toward the perikarya of the axons, over 90% of the ribbons on microtubules showed a clockwise orientation. When observers were looking toward the axonal terminals, most ribbons on microtubules showed a counterclockwise direction. In single axons in which ribbons appeared on all the contained microtubules, the ribbons showed a single directionality. The evidence suggests that microtubules in axons have a single polarity, probably reflecting their assembly from the perikarya outward through the axoplasm. If bidirectional transport is assumed in these axons, it is not reflected by the polarity of their microtubules, which may mean that the directionality of transport is provided by components other than microtubules. PMID- 6973156 TI - Peripheral conversion of L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin induces drinking in rats. AB - Female rats administered serotonin (0.25 to 4.0 mg/kg, s.c.) showed a dose dependent increase in water intake. The dipsogenic response was nearly maximal when 2 mg/lg was administered s.c. and plateaued by 2 hr after treatment. l-5 Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the precursor of serotonin, is also a potent dipsogen which induces drinking by way of the renin-angiotensin system. The possibility that the dipsogenic activity of 5-HTP is dependent on decarboxylation to serotonin was the objective of these studies. Either benserazide (30 mg/kg. s.c.), a central and peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, or carbidopa (6.5 mg/kg, s.c.), a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, was administered 15 min prior to the dipsogen. Both decarboxylase inhibitors attenuated the dipsogenic response to 5 HTP (25 mg/kg, s.c.) but not to serotonin (2 mg/kg, s.c.). The peripheral serotonergic receptor antagonist, methysergide (3 mg/kg, i.p.), blocked the dipsogenic responses to both 5-HTP (25 mg/kg, s.c.) and serotonin (2 mg/kg, s.c.). There was no interaction between 5-HTP (18 mg/kg, s.c.) and serotonin (1 mg/kg, s.c.) when administered simultaneously with respect to their dipsogenic effects. Thus, the drinking response accompanying administration of 5-HTP occurs following peripheral conversion to serotonin which, in turn, activates peripheral serotonergic receptors. The mechanisms(s) by which activation of peripheral serotonergic receptors increases water intake is not known, but appears to involve release of renin from the kidney. PMID- 6973158 TI - A comparison of three systems for performing single-photon emission tomography. AB - A comparison is made between the performance of three transverse axial single photon emission tomographic machines, namely a rotating gamma-camera and two different scanning systems. Each system has been evaluation in terms of the spatial resolution, sensitivity and efficiency. The functional dependence of the volume sensitivity on the size of the emitting object has been derived using a theoretical model of the photon emission, attenuation and detection. The model is shown to predict this size dependence well and is consistent with the experimental observations. PMID- 6973157 TI - The behavioral effects of hallucinogens in rats following 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine administration into the medial forebrain bundle. AB - The hypothesis that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons and/or receptors are involved in the mechanism of action of hallucinogens is supported by the fact that intraventricular administration of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) selectively destroys central 5-HT neurons in the brain and potentiates the behavioral effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 2,5-dimethoxy-4 methylamphetamine (DOM) and mescaline. The locus in the brain where this potentiation might occur is not known. In the present experiment, the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) was studied because it is the primary tract containing fibers from the cell bodies in the raphe nuclei to forebrain structures receiving 5-HT input. Male rats received 5,7-DHT (6 micrograms/2 microliter) or vehicle injections bilaterally into the MFB; this procedure caused a significant reduction of 5-HT in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus of lesioned rats, but not in the striatum. Regional dopamine and norepinephrine concentrations were not affected by this treatment. The behavioral effects of the hallucinogens were tested in a situation in which the animals pressed a bar under a fixed ratio-40 (FR-40) schedule of food reinforcement. The disruptive effects of LSD on responding were enhanced in the 5,7-DHT-treated animals, while the effects of DOM were diminished; there was no change in the response to mescaline. These data suggest that, while 5-HT neurons are involved in the behavioral effects of hallucinogens, the precise sites and/or mechanisms of action of LSD, DOM and mescaline may differ. PMID- 6973160 TI - [The clinical value of the orbicularis oculi reflex in combination with auditory evoked brain stem potentials in the diagnosis of disease processes in the cerebellopontile angle and brain stem]. AB - The results of the Orbicularis oculi reflex (OOR) and the anditory evoked brain stem potential (a. e. BSP) supplement each other in the furnished information in lesions of the central and lower brain stem. The a. e. BSP permits quite a reliable localisation in the brain stem and in the cerebellopontile angle. the OOR moreover helps to discover disturbances in the N. facialis and the N. trigeminus. In intracanalicularly situated acousticus neurinomas lacking a. e. BSP the pathologically changed reflex response of the OOR indicates the process in the internal auditory canal. PMID- 6973161 TI - An explanation for the season of birth effect in schizophrenia and certain other diseases. PMID- 6973159 TI - The sensitivity of Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomonas gallinae to ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 6973164 TI - Emission tomographic scanning. PMID- 6973162 TI - Physiological characteristics of low threshold mechanoreceptor afferent units innervating frog skin. AB - A total of ninety-three mechanoreceptor afferent units with fast conducting axons in the sciatic nerve innervating the plantar and lateral surface of the hind foot were isolated for electrophysiological recording in anaesthetized frogs (Rana catesbeiana). Sixty-three rapidly adapting (RA) units and thirty slowly adapting (SA) units were differentiated from each other mainly on the presence of an "off' response and a slope-locked "on' response to ramp stimulation in RA units and on the persistence of discharges of the SA units during steady pressure on the receptive field. RA units were subdivided into two subgroups; RA type I units and RA type II units. The RA type I units had small well-demarcated receptive fields in which the unit was uniformly sensitive, and low indentation amplitude and velocity thresholds. The RA type II units had receptive fields consisting of several sensitive spots, associated with skin warts in the warty skin, high indentation thresholds, and the fastest conduction velocities (mean 19.9+/-4.4 m/sec) among the three groups of the units studied. RA type I units showed U shaped tuning curves with a best tuning frequency at around 2 Hz, while tuning curves of SA units were flat from 0.1 (the lowest frequency examined) to 1 Hz. RA type II units could only follow the first cycle of continuous sinusoidal stimulation at any frequency. The relation between the indentation velocity and amplitude of the ramp and the spike discharges was analysed quantitatively. PMID- 6973165 TI - Small-bowel varices demonstrated by enteroclysis. AB - Small-bowel varices causing significant bleeding were demonstrated with the aid of enteroclysis in a patient with portal hypertension caused by alcoholic cirrhosis. Bleeding esophageal varices were ruled out by endoscopy. PMID- 6973163 TI - The effect of neonatal thymectomy on lung cancers induced in rats by plutonium dioxide. PMID- 6973166 TI - Computed tomography of the heart: ECG-gated and continuous scans. AB - Cardiac computed tomography (cardiac CT) and echocardiography provide noninvasive diagnosis of cardiac lesions by direct demonstration of the myocardium and the individual cavities of the heart. Myocardial thickness, and the size and shape of heart cavities are easily demonstrated. In patients with coronary heart disease proved by levocardiography, cardiac CT gave a true negative rate of 82.3% (echocardiography 82.9%) and a true positive rate of 90.8% (echocardiography 82.7%). In the assessment of coronary bypass graft patency, cardiac CT was accurate in 89.6% of studies confirmed by angiography. PMID- 6973167 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. UT: cardiac surgery: blood pressure records. N.Y.: careless cardiac care alleged" liability. PMID- 6973168 TI - Personality factors related to the outcome of treatment with transcutaneous nerve stimulation. AB - Personality factors are known to influence the augmenting/reducing tendency in evoked potentials and also the results obtained from pain-relieving methods in chronic pain conditions. In this study 30 chronic pain patients treated with high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation were evaluated by means of personality inventories and visual evoked potentials (VEP). The results indicate that the group for whom the treatment had a positive outcome had an augmenting tendency in VEP and also significantly differed as regards certain factors in the EPI (high values in the L scale) and the CMPS (high values in factors I, II, IX, X and index I, V) personality inventories. PMID- 6973169 TI - [Experimental bases for the production of peritoneal adhesions in rats]. PMID- 6973170 TI - [Qualitative changes of the electrophoretic profile (beta-gamma fusion and H fraction) in patients with schistosomiasis, cirrhosis and diffuse diseases of connective tissue]. PMID- 6973173 TI - [Pyloric stenosis: probable tuberculous etiology. Case report]. PMID- 6973174 TI - [Blepharoplasty without resection of the fat bursae for correction of a depressed upper sulcus palpebralis]. PMID- 6973172 TI - [Use of liquid nitrogen in the treatment of basocellular epithelioma]. PMID- 6973171 TI - [Complications of venous catheterization. Prospective study of 202 cases]. PMID- 6973175 TI - [The problem of cancer in megaesophagus]. PMID- 6973176 TI - [Head and neck surgery as a surgical specialty: its role and position in a Department of Surgery of a university]. PMID- 6973177 TI - [Tuberculosis in the first trimester of life]. PMID- 6973178 TI - A comparative study of oxygen toxicity in vertebrates. AB - Survival time in conditions of hyperbaric oxygenation were measured in trout and eels in water, and in frog in water or in gas phase at various temperatures. In eel and trout, the gill surface is altered within 90 min at 15 ata pressure of oxygen. Survival times of the frog during hyperoxia in aquatic or gaseous conditions are only slightly different, in spite of the marked difference in the oxygen concentration of the two media. Oxygen toxicity is well correlated with the aerobic metabolic rate, (1) in a given species adapted to various temperatures; (2) in trout eel and frog observed at the same temperature. The differing O2 toxicities in homeothermic and poikilothermic animals are also related to the differences in metabolic activity. PMID- 6973179 TI - [Recent immunological advances in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6973180 TI - [A case of T prolymphocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973181 TI - [Ocular complications of zona ophthalmica]. PMID- 6973182 TI - [Subclinical vestibular abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (author's transl)]. AB - The material of this study comprised 70 patients who suffered from Parkinson's disease and 77 healthy individuals, who were examined by the same methods, for an accurate comparative evaluation of the results. Following the clinical examination, and E.N. Graphic examination was done an subsequently the pendular rotation test was performed. In order to obtain a better statistical evaluation, the material was studied successively according to the age of the patients, the existence of arteriosclerotic lesions in the fundi, the type and duration of the disease, the unilateral of bilateral manifestations and the use of drugs. While the E.N. Graphic examination revealed spontaneous nystagmus in 20 p. 100 of the cases, the pendular rotation test revealed clear cut abnormalities mainly of the central type in 75 p. 100 of the cases. PMID- 6973183 TI - Regulation of the antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide by thymus derived cells. AB - The dose-response relationships in mice immunized with capsular polysaccharide of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae (SSS-III) show a distinctive pattern characterized by a single optimal dose for immunization within a relatively narrow range of immunizing doses. Most of the antibody produced is of the IgM class, and the kinetics for the development of both the cellular and serum antibody response to this antigen are parallel up to the peak of the immune response. Although thymus-derived (T) cells are not needed to initiate an antibody response to SSS-III, the magnitude of the antibody response is influenced greatly by the activities of two types of T cells with opposing functions; such regulatory T cells have been termed suppressor and amplifier T cells. The mode of action of suppressor and amplifier T cells as well as the manner in which they might interact during the antibody response to SSS-III are discussed. PMID- 6973184 TI - [Transcatheteral Occlusion of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973187 TI - [Investigation of the diurnal rhythm of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma of healthy subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973185 TI - [Clinical and radiological study of the manubrio-sternal articulation. Comparison between 80 control subjects and 88 patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatism]. AB - The manubrio-sternal joint was studied in 168 subjects divided up into two groups : one group of 80 control subjects and one group of 88 patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatism divided up into 3 sub-groups (rheumatoid arthritis 54 ; ankylosing spondylitis 25 ; peripheral psoriatic rheumatism 9). This was a clinical study (search for spontaneous and induced pain) and a radiological study (A.P. and lateral views) with classification in 5 groups : 0 normal appearance, 1 hazy appearance of the joint space, slight narrowing of the joint space, slight osteoporosis and/or subchondral bony condensation ; 2 irregularity of the margins of the joint space, increased osteoporosis and/or condensation, narrowing of the joint space ; 3 increase in the previous signs, erosion, vacuole formation ; 4 partial or total fusion. The results show that only spontaneous pain and the radiological appearances of class II and class III permit one to differentiate in a statistically significant way the control group from the rheumatism group. considering these data one may note a greater frequency of the clinical and radiological signs, together with greater clinical and radiological agreement in ankylosing spondylitis than in rheumatoid arthritis. The interest of a study of the manubrio-sternal joint in the early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis is recalled although the involvement of this joint is usually later than the sacro iliac joint. PMID- 6973186 TI - Research on the radioprotecting action of thymic polypeptides and timosterin B. AB - Administration of the TP2 polypeptidic thymic extract results in normalization of the rosette-forming capacity of the T spleen cells in the X-ray irradiated mouse. The radioprotecting effect was also noticed on the inhibition of macrophages migration in the X-ray irradiated rat inoculated with TH Salmonella typhi vaccine and treated with TP2 or with lipidic extract Timosterin B. PMID- 6973189 TI - [Colonic cancer: early diagnosis with "occult" fecal tests--cancer-crusade between desire and reality]. PMID- 6973188 TI - Comparison of the PI patterns of alpha 1-antitrypsin on acid starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. AB - An acid starch gel electrophoresis procedure was developed for recognition of PI M subtypes of alpha 1-antitrypsin, proving that their electrophoretic mobilities correspond to their relative isoelectric points on isoelectric focusing. From transfer experiments, it could be concluded that the PI patterns obtained after acid starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing are formed by identical molecular populations. These findings justify the replacement of acid starch gel electrophoresis by isoelectric focusing as the method of choice for typing, including the assignment of new PI variants. PMID- 6973190 TI - Case report 143. Multiple hereditary osteocartilaginous exostoses affecting right femur with an overlying giant cystic bursa (exostosis bursata). PMID- 6973191 TI - Cross-cultural relations: medical ethno-masochism. PMID- 6973192 TI - Implications of the ideology and implementation of health policy in a developing country. PMID- 6973193 TI - Approaches to antenatal education. PMID- 6973194 TI - Another dose of managerialism? Commentary on the consultative paper "Patients First". PMID- 6973196 TI - Regionalization: a longitudinal case study of interorganizing. PMID- 6973195 TI - Social effects of stroke. PMID- 6973197 TI - A study of the role of socio-cultural factors in the treatment of mental illness in Nigeria. PMID- 6973199 TI - Sociological intervention in communication and interactional processes among nurses in an obstetrics unit. PMID- 6973200 TI - From sickness to health: an altered focus for health-care research. PMID- 6973201 TI - Time orientations in the collaboration of social workers and general practitioners. PMID- 6973198 TI - Some factors for analysis in sexual assault. PMID- 6973202 TI - Medical and sociological typologies: the case of epilepsy. PMID- 6973203 TI - The Nottingham Health Profile: subjective health status and medical consultations. PMID- 6973205 TI - Feeling sick: the experience and legitimation of illness. PMID- 6973204 TI - Cultural consensus and definition of mental illness. PMID- 6973206 TI - Pathological life and death: medical spatialisation and geriatrics. PMID- 6973207 TI - Career orientations and the quality of working life among medical interns and residents. PMID- 6973208 TI - Rural dwellers and health care in northern Nigeria. PMID- 6973209 TI - Regional variations in the use of common surgical procedures: within and between England and Wales, Canada and the United States of America. PMID- 6973210 TI - Familial coping with chronic and severe childhood illness: the case of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6973211 TI - Nursing and the "managerial demiurge". PMID- 6973212 TI - [Tomography using nuclear magnetic resonance, a new imaging procedure]. PMID- 6973213 TI - Cell mediated immune response in human cases of rhinosporidiosis. AB - Leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) and T lymphocyte counts were used as measures of cell mediated immunity in 37 patients with rhinosporidiosis and 18 healthy individuals. LMI was higher in all the patients than the normal controls, and it was maximal in patients with infection of 3-9 years' duration. When the chronicity of infection exceeded 10 years, there was a fall in LMI response although it was still more than that of the normal controls. The T cell count was significantly low with infection of 1-2 years' duration than in normals, but it rose to normal values in patients with infection that had lasted 3 years or more. PMID- 6973214 TI - [DNA-autosensitivity: report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973216 TI - [Circulating B-lymphocyte levels in patients with glomerulonephritis and effectiveness of immunodepressive therapy]. PMID- 6973217 TI - [Functional activity of the adrenal cortex and lymphocytes in bronchial asthma with different clinical responses to glucocorticoid therapy]. PMID- 6973215 TI - Chronic cerebellar stimulation in cerebral palsy. AB - This report summarizes the experience with chronic cerebellar stimulation in cerebral palsy patients at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario. From July, 1977, to September, 1978, 12 patients suffering from cerebral palsy underwent cerebellar implant for chronic cerebellar stimulation. Postoperative evaluation was made approximately 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery by a group of specialists using speech, respiration, muscle tone, involuntary movements, salivation, and activities of daily living as parameters, and these findings were compared with the findings prior to surgery. Chronic cerebellar stimulation did not noticeably alleviate symptoms and signs of cerebral palsy nor did it improve activities of daily living in a significant number of patients. PMID- 6973218 TI - [Various problems of immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6973219 TI - [Clinical effectiveness and mechanism of action of electroacupuncture of the ear in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6973220 TI - Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy and exercise testing in patients prior to and following coronary artery revascularization. PMID- 6973221 TI - Colony forming units in culture and colony stimulating activity of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were estimated according to the double-layer soft agar system of Pike and Robinson. When nucleated narrow cells from patients with SLE were cultured with peripheral leukocytes from normal donors as a source on colony stimulating activity (CSA), colony counts (the term colony indicating aggregates of more than 50 cells) in active SLE were reduced significantly but cluster counts (cluster: 10 to 50 cells) were divided into two groups of markedly increased and decreased clusters. When normal nucleated marrow cells were cocultured in the overlayer with peripheral leukocytes of patients with SLE in he feeder layer, colony counts decrease significantly but cluster counts remained within the normal range. When CFU-C by normal nucleated marrow cells were studied in the presence of PHA- or LPS-induced CSA of peripheral leukocytes from patients with SLE, total colony and cluster counts decreased. These data indicate the granulomonocytopenia in SLE may result from the diminution of production of CSA in peripheral leukocytes and/or the direct impairment of growth and differentiation in progenitor cells of granulocytes and macrophages. PMID- 6973222 TI - The effect of test meals on the PED test. AB - The effects of test meals on the PFD (pancreatic function diagnostant) test, which was introduced as "the B.T.PABA test" in the previous reports, were studied. The higher the protein in the test meal, the lower the urinary excretion value of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and the first 3-h of PABA excretion. By using a test meal containing protein, the differences in digestion-absorption disorders between gastrectomy procedures (Billroth I and Billroth II) were clarified. Therefore, a test meal which contains a suitable amount of protein should be used in the PFD test to improve diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 6973224 TI - Lymphocytotoxic anti-LewisbH antibody. AB - We wish to report strong lymphocyte crossmatch incompatibility attributable to anti-Lea antibody. The prospective renal transplant recipient was Le(a-b-) and her serum contained potent anti-Lea and anti-LebH antibodies. Despite the fact that were able to demonstrate greater B lymphocyte than T lymphocyte Lewis(a+) antigenicity, this serum was capable of causing greater than 80% cytotoxicity of Le(a+) and Le(b+)O or A2 whole lymphocyte populations. Antibody activity was completely inhibited by Lewis substance. This inhibition was specific and did not interfere with HLA antibody activity. PMID- 6973223 TI - Further characterization of immunological unresponsiveness induced in mice by ultraviolet radiation. II. Studies on the origin and activity of ultraviolet induced suppressor lymphocytes. AB - We are studying the development and mode of action of suppressor T cells induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which prevent the rejection of syngeneic UV induced tumors. Suppressor cells were induced in C3H mice by exposure to FS40 sunlamps for 1 hr, three times per week for 3 months. Neither thymectomy nor splenectomy prior to UV irradiation prevented the development of these suppressor T cells in other lymphoid tissues. The UV-induced suppressor cells functioned when injected s.c. with mixtures of normal lymphocytes and tumor cells in a Winn type assay in immunodeficient recipients. When UV T cells were mixed with syngeneic UV-induced tumor cells they did not increase the incidence or growth rate of the tumors relative to tumor cells alone, suggesting that the suppressor cells function by interacting with normal lymphocytes and not by directly stimulating tumor growth. Although the suppressor cells were effective in vivo when injected i.v. or when injected locally with normal lymphocytes, they did not suppress cytotoxic effector lymphocytes in a short-term 51Cr release assay in vitro. PMID- 6973225 TI - Separate T cell subclasses inducing or attenuating graft-versus-host reaction. AB - The subclasses of chicken T cells capable of initiating or regulating graft versus-host reaction (GVHR) were studied. T cells isolated from spleens of bursectomized agammaglobulinemic chickens were rosetted to separate the TG cells bearing the chicken IgG-Fc membrane receptor from those TG- cells lacking the receptor. The GVH reactivity of these subclasses was quantified by their capacity to induce pock lesions on chorioallantoic membranes of allogeneic chick embryos after their implantation on the membranes. Cells of TG- and unseparated T cell preparations but not TG cells were shown to be capable of inducing GVHR. TG- cells, obtained after the depletion of TG from unseparated T cell preparations exhibited increased GVH reactivity over that of unseparated T cells. Addition of TG cells to TG- cell preparations attenuated the TG- cell-induced GVHR. The degree of suppression was in proportion to the number of TG added to the inoculum. The GVH inducer cells were shown to be radiosensitive, being incapable of initiating the reaction after exposure to 300 rad of gamma-radiation. The suppressive activity of TG cells was unchanged after high dosage radiation. The possibility that TG cells regulate GVHR via a suppression of cellular proliferation is discussed. PMID- 6973227 TI - [Effect of multiple administrations of hydrocortisone on the functional activity and morphological characteristics of motor neurons]. AB - Effects of repeated (for 5 days) injections of hydrocortisone (HC) per 1 mg dialy was studied using frogs Rana temporaria. The functional and morphological parameters of spinal motoneurones were investigated. The repeated administrations of HC diminished the excitability of spinal elements, prolonged the latency, and decreased the amplitude of ventral root potentials in response to single stimula applied to dorsal roots. Simultaneously, some structural changes occurred in motoneurones examined: swelling of the cytoplasm and the nucleus, chromatolysis of cell processes, nucleolar hypertrophy, increase in glycogen granule density, swelling of synapses. A suggestion is made that the repeated hormone administration caused in nervous cells some destructive changes of exhaustive type. PMID- 6973226 TI - Plasmodium chabaudi-infection of mice: effects of chloroquine and mefloquine. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase activity was inhibited in Plasmodium chabaudi-infected red cells of mice treated with chloroquine, mefloquine, primaquine and floxacrine. In vitro experiments on membrane-bound enzymes performed with intact P. chabaudi-infected red cells and corresponding ghost preparations showed a stimulation of NA+K+-ATP'ase and Ca2+Mg2+-ATP'ase activity in the presence of chloroquine, mefloquine and floxacrine. PMID- 6973228 TI - [Cellular interactions in the immune response. Part I]. PMID- 6973229 TI - Characterization of effector cells responsible for cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. AB - In earlier experiments it has been shown that cellular cytotoxicity of patients with prostatic carcinoma (CaP) as measured by cytolysis of EB 33 target cells correlates with the extent of their tumor lesion: a high grade of cytotoxicity was observed only when CaP was confined to gland. In order to define a possible in vivo immunological host-tumor interaction, further characterization of the type of effector cell responsible for in vitro killing has been attempted. Effector cells could be either tumor-specific sensitized T cells, K cells, macrophages or NK cells. Antibody-dependent K-cell activity could most likely be excluded, since autologous and homologous serum did not affect the extent of EB 33 killing when added to the test medium. Further separation of effector cells by nylon wool columns resulted in increased cytolysis of EB 33 target cells. This can be due either to tumor-specific T-cell-mediated mechanisms or to an increased natural killer cell activity, as macrophages and B cells were significantly removed by this measure. Separation of T and NK cells is necessary to ascertain the effector cell responsible for the in vitro killing of tumor cells derived from human CaP. PMID- 6973230 TI - Unintentional lens injury in glaucoma surgery. AB - In 1891, Priestly Smith wrote that in glaucoma surgery, "the lens is occasionally wounded, unsuspected by the operator," and described serious consequences. In 1953 Christensen and McLean found histologic evidence of perforation of the lens capsule in many eyes which had been enucleated after unsuccessful glaucoma surgery. Twelve additional enucleated eyes with lens perforations plus clinical consultations indicate that unintentional surgical injuries to the lens still are occurring during iridectomies, filtrations, and trabeculectomies and usually are unsuspected by the surgeon. This injury should be considered when a lens opacity becomes manifest within a few days or weeks after surgery. In addition to failure of the operation, the consequences vary from limited cataract formation to complete opacification and subluxation of the lens. The lens injury also may cause a severe phacogenic uveitis which requires early lens extraction to avoid extensive intraocular fibroplasia. Clinical features and histopathology are presented with illustrative cases. The prevention and management of unintentional lens injury are discussed. PMID- 6973232 TI - Anterior segment surgery with vitrectomy instruments. PMID- 6973233 TI - Radiation damage after pterygium treatment. PMID- 6973234 TI - Recurrent corneal erosions. PMID- 6973231 TI - Epidermal growth factor: in vivo ocular studies. PMID- 6973235 TI - Closed system intraocular surgery in young people. PMID- 6973236 TI - [Phagocytosis and blast transformation reaction indices in influenza]. PMID- 6973237 TI - [Health resort treatment of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6973238 TI - [Cardiac antibodies in different forms of rheumatism]. PMID- 6973239 TI - [Myoelectrostimulation in the complex treatment of spastic hemiparesis]. PMID- 6973240 TI - [Development of cellular immunity in experimental tick-borne encephalitis]. AB - The development of cellular immunity was investigated in mice infected experimentally with tick-borne encephalitis virus strains (TBE) isolated from patients. In the presence of strain variants of the response, two main trends in the dynamics of cellular immunity induced by different virus strains were established: a rapid increase in the level of sensitization of lymphoid cells in the first days after virus inoculation followed in the stage of paralysis by the desensitization phenomenon (the dynamics of the waning type), and a gradual increase in the level of cellular response in the course of the infectious process (the dynamics of progressive type). The type of the dynamics and the level of immune response correlate with the clinical forms of TBE in man. A possible mechanism of the effect of the immunosuppressing properties of the virus on the immune response pattern in infected mice and the significance of the latter in TBE pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 6973241 TI - Lung involvement in progressive vaccinia. PMID- 6973243 TI - [Effect of postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer on the peripheral lymphocytes]. PMID- 6973242 TI - Preoperative management of proximal lesions of the left coronary artery system: surgical implications. AB - Between January 1975 and December 1978, a total of 67 consecutive patients with left main coronary disease had coronary bypass operations at Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco. Of these, 54 were men and 13 women. The mean age was 59 years (range 44 to 77 years). Three groups were identified retrospectively. Sex ratio, age, symptoms, and coronary pathology and hemodynamics were comparable in all groups. Group 1 (24 patients) received no propranolol or had it discontinued at least two weeks preoperatively. Group 2 (28 patients) received propranolol up until two days before the operation. Group 3 (15 patients) received propranolol until the morning of the bypass operation. The overall mortality was 2.9 percent (2 patients). In Group 1, 33 percent (8 patients) had unstable angina preoperatively, while 50 percent (14 patients) in group 2 and 40 percent (6 patients) in group 3 had unstable angina. Perioperative infarction occurred in 12.5 percent (3 patients) in group 1, 25 percent (7 patients) in group 2 and 13 percent (2 patients) in group 3. Creatine phosphokinase myocardial band fractions in the postoperative period were lowest in group 3 but were notably elevated in group 2. Postoperative inotropic support was required in one patient (4 percent) in group 1, four patients (14 percent) in group 2, while none required support in group 3. The decreased incidence of perioperative infarction and reduced need for postoperative inotropic support in group 3 suggests that if propranolol is to be part of the pharmacological preoperative regimen, it can and should be continued up to the time of operation. Propranolol should not be discontinued in the immediate preoperative period. PMID- 6973244 TI - [Osteogenesis process and the electrical phenomena in the bone]. PMID- 6973245 TI - [Clinical experience with occult blood test in 8784 patients (author's transl)]. AB - The faeces of 8784 patients were tested for occult blood, using the "Haemoccult II" method. 347 (4.0%) gave at least one positive result. Endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract was performed in 301 patients. In 62.8% of cases the lesion responsible for the bleeding was located in the lower gastrointestinal tract, in 17.6% in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In 19.6% no cause was found for the positive test. In 133 out of 301 haemoccult-positive patients (44.2%) tumours were identified as sources of bleeding. Our results were compared with the findings obtained with other screening programmes for colorectal carcinomas. Haemoccult-II test are recommended as a yearly routine procedure for early detection of colorectal tumours. PMID- 6973246 TI - [Bronchiectasis in patients with situs inversus viscerum (Kartagener syndrome) (author's transl)]. AB - The case records of 23 patients with Kartagener Syndrome in the past 10 years were reviewed. For diagnostics bronchoscopy, bilateral bronchography, lung function investigations and angiopulmonography were done. Their immunologic and genetic aspects were studied. Lung resections were performed in 17 patients, 5 of them underwent bilateral pulmonary resections. The lung specimens were investigated morphologically. As top clinico-morphologic features bronchiectasis in patients with situs inversus viscerum did not differ significantly from that without accompanying diseases. Unfavourable hereditary, dyskinesia of bronchial tree, paranasal sinus underdevelopment provoked inflammatory processes of bronchi and development of bronchiectasis. PMID- 6973247 TI - [Scintigraphic examinations of sacroiliacal joints in patients with early forms of ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - In contrast to the X-ray examination the scintigraphy of the sacroiliacal joints in the early phase of the ankylosing spondylarthritis allows an evidence to the local processes of bone reconstruction directly depending on their activity. Positive findings of scintigraphy have a high sensitivity and a low specifity. They demand a further differential-diagnostic clarification. In this sense, supplementing the X-ray findings, the scintigraphy brings valuable informations for the early diagnostics of ankylosing spondylarthritis. The radiation exposure of the gonads which is smaller by factor 3 in comparison to the X-ray examination of the pelvis is an essential advantage in the above all young patients. The valuation of the scintigramme must be performed in close connection between clinical rheumatologists and specialists in nuclear medicine. Our results show that longitudinal examinations let expect a further improvement of the evidence. PMID- 6973248 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome and Sjogren's disease in rheumatology]. PMID- 6973250 TI - [Treatment of blood coagulation disorders with the vasopressin derivative DDAVP (Minirin)]. PMID- 6973251 TI - [Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the German Society for Rheumatology with the Swiss Society for Rheumatology. 30 Sept. - 4 Oct. 1980, Constance]. PMID- 6973249 TI - Research on aging in behavioral sciences in the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - The paper reports on cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on psychological, sociological, as well as physical aspects of aging completed or going on in the Federal Republic of Germany. Most of these studies are referring to community aged and point to the complex conditions of consistency and change in cognitive functioning and personality adjustment during the middle and later years. They stress the high degree of interindividual variability of the aging process and ask for a differential instead of a normative gerontology. PMID- 6973252 TI - [Cellular immunity reactions in staphyloderma]. PMID- 6973253 TI - [Immune complexes and various indicators of the kallikrein-kinin system in psoriasis]. PMID- 6973254 TI - [Comparative physiological characteristics of the neuronal impulse activity of the midbrain auditory centers in amphibians and mammals]. AB - Comparative studies have been made on the neuronal activity of the midbrain auditory centers of the frog, guinea pig, rat and cat during the effect of sonic signals of various frequency, duration and intensity. It was shown that with the higher taxonomic position of the animal, the range of activating frequencies also increases, together with the increase in the sharpness of frequency tuning of the neurones and the increase in absolute sensitivity of the latter in the band of frequencies of the best sound perception. Minimal latency values for midbrain neuronal reactions decrease, whereas their distribution range becomes more narrow. The depth of temporal summation increases, while the decrease is observed in the duration time of summation in those neurones which are sensitive to transient phenomena in sonic signals. Possible reasons are discussed which account for the differences in time-frequency properties of the auditory system among vertebrates. PMID- 6973255 TI - A plea for the implementation of myocardial infarction registers in Belgium. PMID- 6973258 TI - Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. PMID- 6973257 TI - Myopotential inhibition of unipolar ventricular inhibited pacemakers: prevention by an insulating sheath. AB - To determine the occurrence of inhibition of pacing by sensing of myopotentials, forty-five patients with predominant pacemaker driven heart rhythm were studied. In eleven patients with a bipolar lead system myopotential inhibition was never observed. In the remaining group (34 patients) with unipolar pacemakers myopotential inhibition was demonstrated in fifteen patients. Three of them were symptomatic, two severely. In forty new implants a silicone-rubber insulating sheath was placed against the muscular side of the pacemaker. In none of these patients myopotential inhibition could be demonstrated. The authors conclude that myopotential inhibition occurs frequently in unipolar ventricular inhibited pacemakers, and can be prevented by insulating the muscular side of the anodal surface. PMID- 6973256 TI - Intravenous metoprolol for the treatment of acute supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - The antiarrhythmic effect of the cardioselective beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent metoprolol, given intravenously, was studied in 20 patients with acute supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, including patients with congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction and complete bundle branch block. Six patients out of 9 with atrial fibrillation reverted to sinus rhythm. In all patients with atrial tachycardia and 3 out of 4 patients with atrial flutter restoration of sinus rhythm occurred. The drug was well tolerated and is of clinical value for the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias even in an elderly patient group. PMID- 6973259 TI - Amiodarone and the thyroid gland. A review. AB - The author presents his experience with the thyroid complications of amiodarone therapy: exceptional but sometimes serious conditions. Both, hypo- and hyperthyroidism can occur, probably as a result of the iodine overload on a preexisting thyroid disorder. Amiodarone has an effect on the peripheral conversion of thyroxin which leads to misleading thyroid tests results. Its beta- and alpha-blocking actions affect the clinical features, so that overdiagnosis as well as underdiagnosis are frequent. It is suggested that past or present thyroid disorder, as well as presence of antithyroid antibodies are contraindications for amiodarone therapy. PMID- 6973260 TI - Distribution and function of lymphocytes from the cerebrospinal from the cerebrospinal fluid and blood in patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6973261 TI - Facial reflex examination. A clinical and neurophysiological study on acoustic tumours and brain displacement at the tentorial notch. PMID- 6973262 TI - Reversible colour vision defects in obstructive jaundice. AB - The ocular function of 14 non-alcoholic, high icteric patients with recent occlusion of the common bile duct and 3 patients with viral hepatitis with a cholestatic pattern was studied. By means of a colour vision test panel including the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, 12 patients were initially classified as colour defective with a pattern of acquired colour vision deficiency (ACVD), predominantly of a tritan type. Visual acuity, visual field, slit lamp microscopy, intraocular pressure, ophthalmoscopy and tear secretion tests were normal, and all patients had normal levels of serum vitamin A. Retesting of 4 initially colour defective patients after disappearance of the obstructive jaundice showed a complete normalisation of the ACVD's. It is concluded, that the colour perception in patients with obstructive jaundice is related to the serum bilirubin level, and not to a deficiency of vitamin A. PMID- 6973263 TI - Analysis of the sensitizing effect of veratrum alkaloids to potassium on frog muscle. AB - 1. The sensitizing effect of veratrum alkaloids to potassium is not specific. Reducing the concentration of chloride in Ringer's solution, or treating the muscle with nicotine in a concentration close to threshold after pretreatment with subliminal concentration of cevadine result in a marked mechanical response of the muscle. However, cevadine does not alter the sensitivity of the muscle to caffeine. On the basis of these observations it has been suggested that veratrum alkaloids sensitize the muscle membrane essentially to depolarizing processes. 2. Cevadine, 0.01 mM, fails to depolarize the muscle membrane but increases the depolarizing effect of 10 mM potassium. The depolarizing effect of a reduction of the concentration of chloride from 120 mM to 30 mM is also increased in cevadine pretreated muscle. Cevadine pretreatment increases the depolarizing effect of nicotine, too. 3. The above sensitizing effects are unanimously Na-dependent. Accordingly there is no mechanical response and increased depolarization in muscles equilibrated in sodium-free (choline) Ringer's solution before the cevadine treatment. 4. On the basis of the present data it is suggested that the membrane, when sensitized by veratrum alkaloids, can be triggered by different depolarizing processes and the depolarization increases as the result of increased Na permeability. The increased depolarization at the threshold level becomes sufficient for the automatic regenerative processes of the action potential to develop which activate the contractile elements. However, the mechanical response is a prolonged contraction rather than a contracture, its long period being the result of a very slow repolarization caused by the well known inhibitory effect of veratrum alkaloids on Na inactivation. PMID- 6973265 TI - [A covered implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973264 TI - [Experimental studies on mechanism of cataract formation. 5. Histochemical study on surface sugars in epithelial cell and fiber membranes at complicated cataract (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973266 TI - Lymphocyte populations in chronic active liver disease: in vitro effect of levamisole on T-lymphocyte populations. AB - Changes of T and B lymphocyte populations have been studied in chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. It was found that E rosette-forming T lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in this group of diseases than in the controls. The B cell count did no change significantly as compared to the controls. Incubation with levamisole was followed by a significant increase in active E rosette-forming and total T-cell counts. The authors have appraised the experimental results by comparison to published findings. PMID- 6973267 TI - The Usher's syndrome adolescent: programming implications for school administrators, teachers, and residential advisors. PMID- 6973268 TI - Prazosin and ANA. PMID- 6973270 TI - Gastric sarcoid: unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - An unusual presentation of sarcoidosis was noted in a patient who developed severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The bleeding was attributed to a sarcoid ulcer of the stomach. Serial gastroscopic studies demonstrated complete resolution of the ulcer within five months on conventional antacid therapy. The only residual lesions were gastric mucosal nodularities and moderate hyperemia with granulomas on biopsy. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed by positive Kveim test and abnormal diffusing lung capacity despite a normal chest roentgenogram. PMID- 6973269 TI - Specific drug use and violence in delinquent boys. AB - Delinquent boys who had been committed to a training school were interviewed by a psychiatrist to determine drug abuse status. Crimes that were officially recorded were classified as person offenses or property offenses, and the number of offenses was determined from the juvenile record. Drug scores were given subjects for each of 13 drug categories according to the following scale: 0, no use of drug; 1 to 4 v, varying use frequencies increasing in stepwise fashion but not reaching abuse proportions; 5, use greater than 8 days per month and abuse as defined in DSM III. Subject's number of crimes against persons were correlated with subject's drug scores for each of 13 drug categories. Five drugs had significantly positive correlations: phencyclidine, barbiturates, cocaine, Valium, and amphetamines. Scores for alcohol, LSD, mescaline, volatile substances, codeine, marijuana, heroin, and morphine did not correlate significantly with the number of person offenses in the person offender group. Mean drug scores for 13 drug categories of all subjects who were violent person offenders were compared with drug scores of subjects who were property only offenders. The t tests for independent means revealed that drug scores were significantly higher in the person offending group for five drugs: marijuana, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and LSD. A high drug score for marijuana was the most predictive of all drug scores for membership in the person offending group. PMID- 6973271 TI - Gastric lipomas: a rare cause of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Gastric lipomas are rare and most frequently present as upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Wide excision is advocated for small lesions and incisional biopsy followed by excision or shelling out of the tumor for large lesions. Histologic confirmation is essential so that a cancer operation, should it be necessary, will not be compromised. Concomitant lesions must be sought and treated appropriately. PMID- 6973273 TI - Septicemic complications of the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. AB - The records of 60 consecutive patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas were reviewed to determine the incidence, etiology, predisposing factors, therapy, complications and outcome of septicemia. Fourteen (23 percent) patients had 26 septicemias: due to gram-positive cocci in 21 and to gram-negative bacilli in five. The presence of stage IV lymphomatous disease (p 0.032), generalized erythroderma (p less than 0.001), palpable lymph nodes (p 0.014), and histologic involvement of lymph nodes (p 0.023) and peripheral blood (p less than 0.001) identified a subset of patients at high risk for sepsis. Sepsis was correlated with locally infected sites in 77 percent of the episodes. Single antimicrobial therapy was successful in all septicemias due to gram-positive cocci but was accompanied by five secondary gram-negative bacillary superinfections (80 percent fatal). The subsequent mortality in all patients who survived infection (50 percent) indicated their poor over-all prognosis. PMID- 6973272 TI - A clinicopathologic analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Sixty consecutive patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were studied from both a clinical and laboratory standpoint. Hypoimmunoglobulinemia was found in 45% of patients; many of these patients suffered from severe bacterial infections. Second primary malignancies were diagnosed in 20% of patient's; most of these predated the diagnosis of CLL. HLA-B17 typing was found in unexpectedly high frequency in a small group of Coombs'-positive patients. The Rai-staging system was found to be generally useful for determining prognosis of groups of patients, although less useful in any individual patient. Findings relating to surface membrane immunoglobulin-positive (B) and E-rosetting (T) lymphocytes are described. A patient with null-cell CLL is described. All patients with proliferation of gamma heavy-chain-bearing cells were diagnosed in early Rai stages suggesting that this marker may identify a subset of patients who present early and have a good prognosis. These data suggest that lymphocyte marker studies augment the Rai criteria in evaluating prognosis and may eventually be of value to the clinician in evaluating stage of disease and response to treatment. PMID- 6973274 TI - A longitudinal analysis of lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens during human pregnancy. AB - T-cell number and mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferative were assessed longitudinally in 18 normal human pregnancies to examine the effects of pregnancy on cellular immunity. The T-cell percentage and mitogen-induced responses did not change significantly in pregnant women as compared to nonpregnant, non-postpartum control adults. However, cell-mediated immune responses to three antigens were dramatically depressed during the third trimester and then returned to early pregnancy levels by 90 days post partum. This reduction in antigen-specific cellular immunity may be necessary to prevent rejection of the histoincompatible fetus by the mother and at the same time may render women in late gestation more susceptible to infection. PMID- 6973275 TI - Optics and clinical applications of wide-field specular microscopy. PMID- 6973276 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of recurrent granular dystrophy of the cornea. AB - Light and electron microscopic studies in three cases of recurrent granular dystrophy with corneal epithelial involvement showed intracellular rod and trapezoidal crystalline granules characteristic of granular dystrophy. Small intraepithelial cytoplasmic granules were rimmed by 15-nm particles, while larger deposits were often membrane-bound. The granules were closely associated with tonofilaments. There were ultrastructural similarities to keratohyaline. Extracellular granules were often intermixed with cytoplasmic organelles of disintegrated squamous epithelial cells. There was no evidence of a subepithelial pannus. These findings suggest an epithelial origin of the granular dystrophic deposits in these recurrent cases. PMID- 6973277 TI - The clearance of intravitreal gentamicin. PMID- 6973278 TI - Problem orientation in vision therapy. AB - Quantification and retrieval of data in vision therapy is a difficult task for both the private practitioner and optometric educator. The problem-oriented record provides an organizational approach that readily identifies patient's problems, therapeutic objectives, and the results of administered therapy. A minimum data base and the resultant problem list for vision therapy has been designed by us. By combining these two through a system of coding, a ready computer data retrieval system was devised. This system provides a method to clearly define terms, objectives, and results. Utilization of this record system by optometric schools and practitioners should reduce much of the confusion existing in the specialty field of vision therapy. PMID- 6973279 TI - Contact lens intolerance in association with epithelial dystrophy. AB - Refractile changes in corneal transparency that are associated with epithelial basement membrane dystrophy have been detected in contact lens wearers who show a wide range of contact lens tolerance. In some of these cases, contact lens wear precipitates an episode of recurrent epithelial erosion. In other cases excellent contact lens tolerance is observed. The cases described indicate that pure bleb forms of epithelial basement membrane dystrophy may not be of benign significance when contact lenses are worn. PMID- 6973280 TI - IgA glomerular deposits in experimental cirrhosis. AB - Lewis rats rendered cirrhotic by the administration of carbon tetrachloride developed mesangial and glomerular capillary wall deposits of immunoglobulins (especially IgA) and complement. These rats also had circulating immune complexes and markedly elevated serum IgA concentrations. The model suggests that defective hepatic sequestration of circulating IgA polymers and immune complexes may be responsible for the glomerular deposits. A similar mechanism may account for the high incidence of glomerulonephritis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 6973281 TI - Alimentary toxic aleukia (septic angina, endemic panmyelotoxicosis, alimentary hemorrhagic aleukia): t-2 toxin-induced intoxication of cats. PMID- 6973282 TI - CPA tumors with normal routine audiometry and positive reflex and BSER tests. AB - Recently, in a ten-day-period, three patients whose hearing was within normal limits with good speech discrimination were found to have large cerebellopontine angle tumors. There were neurologic symptoms in only one patient. In these three cases, stapedius reflexes were absent with the affected ear stimulated. Brain stem evoked responses (BSER) were clearly abnormal in the three cases. Postoperative brain stem testing showed essentially no change in the nonoperated ear owing to brain stem manipulation. In two cases hearing was preserved. In one patient, the brain stem recordings returned to near-normal after surgery. In another, brain stem responses remained the same and the stapedius reflexes returned to normal. It appears that stapedius reflex testing and the BSER are highly useful tools that can be used to diagnose an acoustic neuroma before it grossly affects hearing. PMID- 6973283 TI - Abnormalities, congenital anomalies and unusual anatomic variations of the endolymphatic sac and vestibular aqueduct: clinical surgical, and radiographic correlations. PMID- 6973284 TI - Doctors' discussion. PMID- 6973286 TI - Acquired immunity in B cell-deficient mice to challenge exposure following primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Mice were made B cell-deficient by injections of globulin prepared from goat antimouse mu-chain serum. Anti-mu globulin was administered throughout the experiments (18 or 23 weeks). B cell deficiency was determined at the time of assay of worm burden levels (7 weeks after challenge with Schistosoma mansoni) by quantitation of serum IgM and IgG, by assaying the specific antibody response to cercarial and adult worm antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by histologic examination of the spleen and mesenteric (regional) lymph nodes. Four week-old mice were exposed to S. mansoni and 8 weeks later were challenged with a second exposure. The B cell-deficient mice developed a degree of resistance (79%) similar to that of the intact controls (81%). The IgM and IgG levels of the B cell-deficient mice were markedly suppressed. Follicular development was not detected in their lymph nodes; but in the spleen of some animals clusters of cells morphologically similar to B cells were observed peripheral to a central T cell-like area. B cell-deficient mice developed schistosome egg granulomas comparable to those of the intact controls. Control animals developed an antibody response with titers of 1:64 to 1:1,024 against cercarial and adult worm antigens; B cell-deficient animals were nonreactive in these assays. The data suggest that specific antibody does not play a major role in resistance acquired within 8 weeks as a result of a primary infection in murine schistosomiasis. PMID- 6973285 TI - Smoking, drinking, and drug use among American high school students: correlates and trends, 1975-1979. AB - This paper uses findings from five nationally representative surveys of high school seniors from 1975 through 1979 to examine the correlates of licit and illicit drug use, and to consider whether recent changes in youthful drug use are linked to any changes in the correlates. Males still exceed females in use of alcohol and marijuana, but no longer in cigarette smoking. Black seniors now report less drug use than Whites. Other dimensions of family background, region, and urbanicity show only modest associations with drug use. Above average drug use occurs among those less successful in adaptation to the educational environment, as indicated by truancy and low grades; those who spend many evenings out for recreation; and those with heavy time commitments to a job and/or relatively high incomes. Drug use is below average among seniors with strong religious commitments and conservative political views. From 1975 through 1979, among seniors cigarette use peaked and subsequently declined, marijuana use rose and then leveled off, and the (still infrequent) use of cocaine rose rapidly. However, these shifts in drug use were not accompanied by substantial shifts in the above correlates of use. The findings thus suggest that the kinds of young people most at risk remain much the same, while the types and amounts of substances they use shift somewhat from year to year. PMID- 6973287 TI - Descending thoracic aortic aneurysm: a 10 year surgical experience. AB - Presently we favor heparinless femorofemoral venoarterial bypass for all descending thoracic aneurysm resections. The advantages are minimal blood loss due to the absence of heparin, ease of insertion, especially in large aneurysms where it would be difficult to insert a temporary shunt, distal aortic perfusion, possibly a safety factor in preventing spinal cord and visceral ischemia, and prevention of left heart overload and myocardial failure. In acute traumatic ruptures, simple aortic cross clamping is a suitable alternative. It is safe and can be carried out expeditiously in any community hospital where bypass facilities may not be available. Proximal hypertension can be controlled pharmacologically. We have also used this successfully in ruptured atherosclerotic aneurysms. We have no experience with temporary tridodecylmethylamonium (TDMAC) shunts; several groups have used them successfully. We believe they may be difficult to insert in the proximal aorta with a large mediastinal hematoma or extensive aneurysm. Cannulation of the left ventricular apex necessitates cardiac manipulation and may produce effective aortic valve insufficiency. In patients with aortoesophageal and bronchoesophageal fistula, permanent extrathoracic bypass is preferable to a prosthetic graft in a contaminated field. We propose using a permanent bypass with a no. 10 or 12 right axillofemoral bypass. Our experience is limited to only two patients. This is also a method of treating a mycotic aneurysm or infected thoracic aortic graft. PMID- 6973288 TI - Prospective study of portasystemic encephalopathy after emergency portacaval shunt for bleeding varices. AB - A prospective study of the development of encephalopathy was undertaken in 180 patients undergoing emergency portacaval shunt for bleeding esophageal varices between 1963 and 1978. The incidence of preoperative encephalopathy was 32 percent. Postoperatively, encephalopathy developed in 31.5 percent of 95 survivors and was severe in 7 percent of those survivors. Encephalopathy developed in most patients in the first and second follow-up years; in 10 year survivors, encephalopathy was virtually absent. Encephalopathy was more likely to occur in patients with encephalopathy at the time of shunt and in those who returned to alcoholism after shunt. Most encephalopathic episodes were precipitated by dietary indiscretion, often associated with alcoholism. Careful follow-up with attention to dietary compliance and abstinence from alcohol should make the risk of encephalopathy acceptable in relation to the unquestionable benefits of portacaval shunt in reducing the risk of variceal hemorrhage. PMID- 6973289 TI - Percutaneous angiographic embolization: a procedure of increasing usefulness: review of a decade of experience. AB - During the past decade percutaneous therapeutic vascular occlusion was performed on 152 occasions in 124 patients. The primary indication for vasoocclusive therapy was acute or recurrent bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding from arterial sources was controlled in 92 percent of patients and acute variceal bleeding in 83 percent. Renal embolization was performed for palliation of severe pain and hematuria from unresectable renal primary or secondary malignancies, to decrease blood loss and facilitate surgery in operable renal tumors, and for ablation of renal function to control chronic protein loss or severe hypertension. Our encouraging experience convinces us that transcatheter embolization is a useful, safe and effective procedure in selected patients. It seems certain that the technique of therapeutic embolization will be improved, its indications extended and its application become commonplace whenever angiographic skills and facilities exist. PMID- 6973291 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly. Morbidity, mortality and cause. AB - One hundred thirty-six consecutive patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were divided by age into three groups, young, middle aged and elderly, and evaluated for the causes and complications of the bleeding episode. Hemorrhagic gastritis was the most frequent source of bleeding in the young, while gastric ulcer was more common in the middle aged and elderly groups. The high mortality in the young (20 percent) was often attributable to associated liver functional abnormalities secondary to alcoholism. The elderly fared better than the young when the source of bleeding was hemorrhagic gastritis, although the results were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the elderly had a significantly higher mortality than the young when the source was gastric ulcer. All three groups did poorly when the source of bleeding was esophageal varices. The mortality rate was essentially the same in the young and elderly patients requiring surgery, suggesting that age alone should not be a deterrent for surgical management of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6973292 TI - Selective distal splenorenal shunts. Technique and results. AB - Selective distal splenorenal shunt was successfully performed in 20 patients from October 1974 to August 1978. All of them had had gastrointestinal hemorrhage from gastroesophageal varices, diagnosed by barium swallow roentgenography or esophagogastroscopy. Only one patient underwent emergency surgery. Portal hypertension was due to hepatic schistosomiasis in 16 patients, and all underwent rectal biopsy and examination of stools to confirm the clinical diagnosis. A small group of patients had ascites, jaundice and hemorrhage. Hepatic encephalopathy has not been a problem, although the follow-up study is short. PMID- 6973290 TI - Secondary aortoenteric fistula. A 20 year experience. AB - During a 20 year period at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 17 patients were operated on for secondary aortoenteric fistula. The interval from initial operation to the onset of symptoms varied greatly and averaged 2.8 years. Symptoms included not only gastrointestinal bleeding but also sepsis and abdominal or back pain. Associated advanced cardiovascular disease was common. Helpful preoperative diagnostic studies included esophagogastroduodenoscopy, aortography, barium contrast gastrointestinal series and groin sinography. However, a high index of suspicion was the most important element of diagnosis. Overall operative mortality was high (47 percent). All six patients with a graft left in the retroperitoneum had an unsatisfactory result (four instances of recurrent aortoenteric fistula). Successful repair was accomplished only in those patients undergoing graft excision and axillofemoral bypass. PMID- 6973293 TI - Suspected intraaqueductal perinatal hemorrhage in congenital hydrocephalus. AB - A 8-day-old boy with congenital hydrocephalus was given a shunt operation. Computed tomography (CT) revealed marked internal hydrocephalus and a high density area about the aqueduct of Sylvius, in the fourth ventricle and perhaps partly in the third ventricle which was completely absorbed one month later. Later conray ventriculography demonstrated aqueductal obstruction. Neuroradiologically there was neither neoplastic nor vascular lesion. The patient achieved almost normal motor and mental development at 9 months of age. The cephalopelvic discrepancy and vacuum extraction are thought to be the most likely caused of the hemorrhage. The site of hemorrhage was quite unusual as a neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 6973294 TI - Measurement of free and bound 5-hydroxytryptophan in plasma by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 6973295 TI - Role of eyes and pineal gland in melanophore response in the green frog. Rana esculenta. AB - The studies suggest that complete inhibition of MSH liberation from the pars intermedia is brought about in response to the receipt of photic cues through the eyes and, possibly, by the pineal gland. The punctuate condition of epidermal melanophores is brought about by the inhibition of MSH liberation alone, whereas the punctuate condition of dermal melanophores is brought about by the inhibition of MSH liberation and the liberation of melanin aggregating substance from the pineal gland in response to photostimulation. PMID- 6973297 TI - Amiodarone-induced complications during coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6973298 TI - Relation of basion to articulare. PMID- 6973296 TI - Ultrastructural events during early gonadal development in Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis. AB - The establishment of the undifferentiated gonad was studied in Xenopus laevis and Rana pipiens using high resolution techniques. It was found that the cells of the so-called "mesonephric blastema" had no structural resemblance to the cells of the gonadal medulla in both species. Furthermore, there was no morphological evidence that would suggest a migration of the former cells towards the incipient gonad at the time of its appearance. However, the basal lamina of the coelomic epithelium was interrupted in the region of the genital crest, and there was a definite ultrastructural similarity between the cells of this epithelium and those that first form the medulla. These observations suggest that, in amphibians, the cells of the gonadal medulla come from a cellular line arising from the coelomic epithelium and not from the "mesonephric blastema," as has been proposed. PMID- 6973299 TI - Immunology of clinically inactive sarcoidosis: serum factors. AB - Sera from 84 white patients with inactive sarcoidosis were analyzed for immunoglobulins, complement, autoantibodies, alpha 1-antitrypsin and lysozyme. The levels of serum factors were compared with levels in serum from a reference population which was matched for age, sex, ethnic background and geographic location. IgG, IgA, IgD, and C3 levels were similar for both groups, as were frequencies of rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody and anti-DNA antibody. Lysozyme levels were significantly lower in the inactive sarcoidosis group but the acute phase reactants alpha 1-antitrypsin, IgM as well as complement consumption were increased. The data suggest that the underlying etiological events of sarcoidosis continue, albeit at a subclinical level. PMID- 6973300 TI - IgE biosynthesis and IgE-bearing cells in atopic and normal peripheral blood. AB - The authors investigated the number of IgE-bearing cells in atopic and normal peripheral blood as well as IgE produced in vitro by mononuclear cells. The significant correlation between IgE produced in vitro and IgE in plasma (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001) or the number of IgE-bearing cells (r = 0.44, P less than 0.03) was observed. The data suggest that increased plasma IgE level in atopic patients is due mainly to conditions favoring increased production of IgE. The catabolic rate of IgE did not seem to exert an important effect on plasma IgE level. PMID- 6973301 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of cyclophosphamide in pigs. AB - Effects of cyclophosphamide (CY) on circulating leukocytes, lymphoid tissues, and antibody response of the pig were examined. Pigs (10 weeks old) were treated with intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg of CY/kg of body weight at 2-day intervals. Three CY injections depressed total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts. Circulating B-lymphocyte percentages were depleted by 80% and absolute B lymphocyte counts by 90%. Circulating T-lymphocyte percentages were not affected by CY treatment, but absolute T-cell counts were depressed by 50%. Lymphocytes were depleted from the cortex of the thymus gland and from the spleen and lymph nodes with a preferential effect on B-dependent areas. All these variables were depressed for the duration of CY treatment and had started to return to within normal values by 4 days after the final treatment. Formation of antibodies to sheep erythrocytes was suppressed in CY-treated pigs until 10 days after inoculation (6 days after final CY treatment); the response of control pigs was detectable 4 days after inoculation. The 6 CY treatments prolonged the depression of all the previously mentioned variables. PMID- 6973305 TI - Adverse effects of marijuana: selected issues. AB - I have selected two areas of concern about cannabis that have emerged because new patterns of usage are perceptible over the past few years. In the case of pulmonary pathology there is good reason to suspect that long term use can result in inflammatory or neoplastic changes, particularly when the lung has a double burden of dealing with both tobacco and cannabis smoke. With reference to chronic substantial cannabis use and its impact on brain function, the definitive studies are yet to be done. If clinical impressions are meaningful, some people, especially young people, can sustain temporary and perhaps permanent impairment of nonintoxicated mental performance. PMID- 6973302 TI - Risk factors for obstructive lung disease. AB - To assess the role of various risk factors in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), 163 men and women were followed for approximately 6 yr. Subjects were either community volunteers or relatives of patients with antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ or MZ phenotype). At the onset of the study no subject was receiving medical care for COLD. Covariance analysis revealed that expiratory airflow rates declined excessively in male subjects who had the PiMZ phenotype and reported a family history of lung disease. In subjects with the combination of characteristics, loss of lung function approximated that reported in subjects who have established COLD. In several such subjects, abnormalities have progressed so that they now require treatment. Changes in lung function were less striking in the presence of only 1 or 2 of the 3 risk factors studied. These findings demonstrated that the characteristics of the population being studied can influence the outcome of an investigation. This effect may help account fo the conflicting results of previous investigations designed to assess the role of the PiMZ phenotype in the pathogenesis of COLD. PMID- 6973304 TI - Upper airway occlusion induced by diaphragm pacing for primary alveolar hypoventilation: implications for the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea. AB - This report describes a patient with primary alveolar hypoventilation who, after 2 yr of successful treatment with nocturnal oxygen, developed severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia during sleep, morning headaches, and daytime fatigue. Sleep studies demonstrated prolonged periods of hypoventilation and apnea without evidence of upper airway occlusion. Therefore, a phrenic nerve stimulator was implanted to allow pacing of the diaphragm during sleep. However, diaphragm pacing was accompanied by paradoxical movement of the rib cage and upper airway occlusion during sleep, and was unsuccessful in maintaining adequate ventilation. Therefore, the patient underwent a tracheostomy after which diaphragm pacing maintained adequate nocturnal ventilation; however, paradoxical movement of the rib cage persisted. The induction of upper airway occlusion as a result of diaphragm pacing, in contrast to the absence of occlusion during spontaneous breathing, highlights the importance of the normal temporal coordination of inspiratory activation of the upper airway muscles and diaphragm. The findings have important implications for the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apneas in general. PMID- 6973303 TI - Course of pulmonary dysfunction in children surviving Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. A prospective study. AB - Pulmonary function studies were done serially in 23 children 7 to 18 yrs of age who had survived the acute stage of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. Each child was asymptomatic. Spirometric indices, expiratory flows, pulmonary gas transfer factor, arterial blood gases, and other clinical variables were assessed a few days before patients were discharged from the hospital and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12 month intervals thereafter; two patients developed recurrent pneumonitis during follow-up and were studied twice. All but five subjects had pulmonary dysfunction when tested initially. A decrease in pulmonary gas transfer factor, observed in 17 studies, was the most common abnormality. Restrictive pulmonary disease was seen in 11 studies; an obstructive component, in one. Arterial hypoxemia at rest, while patients were breathing room air, was noted in nine cases. Roentgenographic evidence of bilateral diffuse lung opacities was seen in 11 patients and was positively correlated with decreases in pulmonary gas transfer factor (p less than 0.001). Arterial hypoxemia was significantly related to intrapulmonary right to-left shunt (p less than 0.001) but not to decreases in pulmonary gas transfer factor, indicating the importance of ventilation-perfusion abnormalities in these patients. Serial follow-up studies disclosed significant improvement in pulmonary function deficits within 1 month and complete resolution by 6 months in all survivors. Recovery was not related to the amount of duration of O2 therapy, to the need for ventilatory support, or to chest roentgenographic abnormalities. Histopathologic findings in nine patients who died during follow-up did not indicate any residual interstitial fibrosis, collagen deposits, or alveolopathy. We conclude that Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis during childhood does not typically produce long-lasting pulmonary sequelae. PMID- 6973306 TI - Cicatricial ectropion of the upper lid secondary to herpes zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 6973307 TI - Color vision defects in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Sixty-seven patients with retinitis pigmentosa underwent color vision testing with the Nagel anomaloscope and Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100-hue test. Results showed both similarities and differences among different genetic types. The presence of an atrophic-appearing foveal lesion found in individual cases served as a reliable indicator of performance on color vision testing as did a reduction in visual acuity to less than 20/30. When no foveal lesion was apparent in patients with visual acuity better than 20/30, patients with autosomal dominant disease showed superior performance on color vision testing when compared to autosomal recessive, X-linked recessive, and isolated cases. Regardless of genetic type, the FM 100-hue test was more sensitive in detecting poor color vision performance than the Nagel anomaloscope. PMID- 6973309 TI - [The flagellate Trichomonas vaginalis and its bacterial environment in vaginal medium]. PMID- 6973308 TI - [Findings on the behavior of beta 1 SP 1 in normal and complicated pregnancies]. PMID- 6973314 TI - Severe gastrointestinal bleeding due to carcinoid tumour of the ileum. AB - Repeated episodes of severe intestinal bleeding in a 55-year-old male were found to originate from multiple small carcinoid tumours of the ileum. Laparatomy was performed after extensive negative endoscopic and radiological investigation of the bleeding site, and five tumours, 6 to 15 mm in diameter, were found within a 40 cm bowel segment. The most distal tumour was situated 50 cm from the ileocaecal valve. The site of bleeding was erosion of the bowel mucosa at the largest tumour. The affected bowel was excised, including its mesentery with two lymph nodes containing small islands of metastatic carcinoid tumour. Otherwise no metastases were found. PMID- 6973310 TI - [Tuberculous pneumonia in infants: reappearance of a former entity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973311 TI - Characterization of cells from the respiratory tract of calves. PMID- 6973313 TI - Distal splenorenal shunt for portal hypertension. AB - A distal splenorenal shunt was performed electively in 25 patients with bleeding oesophageal varices. Early postoperative mortality was 16%. During the follow-up period (mean 41 months) three patients died, one of liver insufficiency and two of cardiac complications. Two patients of 17 survivors (12%) had endoscopically demonstrable varices. One of these patients had one upper gastrointestinal rebleeding period. The actual three year survival was 71%. Reverse portal blood flow was demonstrated postoperatively in eight of 17 patients (47%). In these cases the distal splenorenal shunt had in fact slowly turned to a total shunt. Even though in certain patients the original selectivity of the shunt is lost it gives a good long-term variceal decompression and certainly is a useful alternative in the treatment of selected good risk patients for bleeding oesophageal varices. PMID- 6973312 TI - [Prognostic features of upper gastro-intestinal hemorrhages in adult over 65 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973315 TI - Idiotypic lymphocytes in human monoclonal gammopathies. AB - We have studied seven human monoclonal gammopathies using anti-idiotypic sera. In benign and malignant gammopathies, we have observed a similar number of B lymphocytes bearing idiotypic specificities also found on the monoclonal protein. These observations suggest that the plasma cell population is only a phenotypic expression of a tumoral event occurring in a B lymphocytes precursor which can still completely differentiate. In four myeloma patients and one benign monoclonal gammopathy, we also observed T lymphocytes bearing receptors idiotypically cross-reactive with the monoclonal protein. The values ranged from 1.8 to 8.0% within the purified T-cell population. In a first hypothesis, these T lymphocytes can belong to the tumoral clone itself. The tumoral event must occur at the level of a common precursor not yet determined to B or T pathway of differentiation. In a second hypothesis, these T lymphocytes are not cancerous but are induced by a strong perturbation of the idiotypic network, due to the enormous amount of the idiotypic B-cell tumoral subset. PMID- 6973316 TI - The ocular motor system. PMID- 6973317 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. PMID- 6973320 TI - Bacterial cell characteristics that contribute to antibiotic resistance. PMID- 6973318 TI - Biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. PMID- 6973319 TI - The interaction of Ca2+ with human Factor IX. PMID- 6973321 TI - Antinuclear antibodies and PUVA photochemotherapy. AB - Sequential testing for antinuclear antibody (ANA) in a group of 99 patients receiving long-term methoxsalen (PUVA [methoxsalen plus ultraviolet light]) therapy showed positive tests for ANA in the serum samples of 42 patients. In 22 patients, the ANA was persistent; in seven patients, it was transient; and in the other 13 patients, it developed near the end of the observation period. A causal association between the occurrence of ANA and PUVA therapy is suggested by the incidence of ANA, its conversion from a negative to positive ANA test in 31 of 42 patients, and its statistically significant correlation with the duration of PUVA therapy. The ANA titers were 1:80 or greater in only 12 patients. The staining pattern was homogeneous in 39 patients, speckled in two patients, and nucleolar in one patient. In patients with a positive ANA test, the serologic tests for antibodies to DNA and extractable nuclear antigens were negative. Patients with positive ANA tests were significantly older than patients with negative ANA tests. Symptomatic systemic disease has not developed in any patient with a positive ANA test in this group. PMID- 6973323 TI - Immotile cilia syndrome: a new cause of neonatal respiratory distress. AB - Kartagener's syndrome is a condition that consists of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and sinusitis. Some patients have respiratory symptoms that date from early infancy, and electron microscopical examination has shown that adults with this condition lack dynein arms in ciliary microtubules. It has been suggested that an inherited defect in ciliary ultrastructure, the immotile cilia, is the basis for the syndrome. We report 6 patients who presented within the first 24 hours of life with tachypnoea, retraction, rales, and dextrocardia. Five of them had situs inversus. They all responded to physiotherapy after antibiotics had failed to improve their condition. Electron microscopical examination of the cilia in 2 of the infants confirmed deficiency of dynein arms. All 6 infants had recurrent respiratory infections. Four went on to develop recurrent otitis media, 2 had sinusitis, and 1 now has bronchiectasis. The immotile cilia syndrome should be added to the list of causes of respiratory distress in newborn infants. The condition is worth diagnosing because of the good response to physiotherapy, and because of the likelihood of recurrent respiratory problems. PMID- 6973322 TI - Long-term prognosis for infants with intrahepatic cholestasis and patent extrahepatic biliary tract. AB - One hundred and three infants with prolonged cholestasis beginning before 3 months were classified as having alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (17 patients), scanty interlobular bile ducts (16 patients), or "neonatal hepatitis" (70 patients). Twenty-two gradually developed chronic liver disease and the remaining 81 recovered within a few months. Prognosis was found to be poor for infants with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, scanty interlobular bile ducts, and familial "idiopathic" hepatitis. Patients who developed cirrhosis often presented with severe and persistent neonatal cholestasis, mimicking extrahepatic biliary atresia and leading to laparotomy. Thus, a high-risk group of infants-defined by aetiology, family history, and degree of cholestasis-can be recognised in the first months of life. PMID- 6973325 TI - Clinical significance of erosive gastritis in patients with alcoholic liver disease and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - Since, in many patients with alcoholic liver disease and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, varices and erosive gastritis frequently coexist, the purpose of this study was to assess the severity of hemorrhage, rebleeding and mortality rates when these lesions are present singly or concomitantly. In 104 patients not operated upon, 31 had both lesions present on endoscopic examination, and their clinical courses paralleled the severity of 29 patients who had bleeding varices as the sole finding. In 13 patients with alcoholic liver disease and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage who were found to have erosive gastritis as the sole lesion, the clinical course was as benign as in 31 patients with ethanol-induced gastritis without liver disease, and their blood loss, rebleeding and mortality rates were significantly less than in patients with both varices and gastritis. It is concluded that the course and prognosis of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with alcoholic liver disease and erosive gastritis is dependent upon the presence or absence of gastroesophageal varices. PMID- 6973324 TI - Factors causing rickets in institutionalised handicapped children on anticonvulsant therapy. AB - An epidemiological study on vitamin D-dependent rickets was carried out in severely handicapped institutionalised children on long-term anticonvulsant therapy. Nine (10%) of 94 patients had overt rickets on the basis of roentgenological bone changes and biochemical indices, but 46 patients in hospital without medication, and 50 epileptic patients attending an outpatient clinic and taking anticonvulsants had no sign of rickets. Causative factors for the development of rickets were evaluated. Administration of anticonvulsive drugs depressed the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level, but this was not the major factor in the development of rickets. Vitamin D intake seemed to be about average in these patients and its supplementation increased their serum 25-OHD level. This serum 25-OHD level was not maintained by supplemental vitamin D, unless the children were exposed to sunlight. These results indicate that although several factors--such as anticonvulsants, low vitamin D intake, and inactivity--are concerned in the development of rickets, the main cause is lack of sun in institutionalised handicapped children. PMID- 6973326 TI - Transverse aortic arch aneurysm: improved results of treatment employing new modifications of aortic reconstruction and hypothermic cerebral circulatory arrest. AB - The results of graft replacement for aneurysms involving the entire transverse aortic arch have lagged far behind that achieved for similar lesions located elsewhere. For example, prior to the study reported here, the mortality rate of the former, in our experience, was 25%, whereas it was only 8% for the most extensive forms of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. The difference had been due to limitations and complications of methods employed for cerebral and myocardial protection. The high mortality rate in our patients was due to the deficiencies of temporary bypass graft and cardiopulmonary bypass, and separate brachiocephalic perfusion employed for this purpose. This report is concerned with the use of profound hypothermia for cerebral protection and the application of graft inclusion and direct brachiocephalic arterial reattachment to prevent bleeding in region of operation, as so successfully employed in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. The entire thoracic aorta was involved in four patients, the aortic valve in two patients, coronary artery bypass was performed in two patients, and the pulmonary artery was obstructed in one patient. Employing the techniques described in this report, all eight patients with these extensive lesions survived without complication. PMID- 6973328 TI - Cure of Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis with chloramphenicol. AB - Haemophilus parainfluenzae is an increasingly reported cause of infective endocarditis. In vitro studies have shown this organism to bae almost universally sensitive to chloramphenicol. However, therapy for H parainfluenzae endocarditis with chloramphenicol as a single agent has been disappointing. This has been attributed to the bacteriostatic activity of chloramphenicol, whereas bactericidal agents are essential for cure of infective endocarditis. We successfully treated a patient with H parainfluenzae endocarditis with chloramphenicol alone after in vitro testing showed chloramphenicol to be bactericidal against the organism. When it is documented that chloramphenicol has bactericidal activity against the causative organism, it alone can be effective therapy for H parainfluenzae endocarditis. PMID- 6973329 TI - Renal microcirculation of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. A scanning electron microscope study of vascular casts. AB - The microcirculation of the bullfrog kidney was studied by scanning electron microscopy of the corrosion casts. The bullfrog kidney derives its blood supply from a dual origin: one is from the posterior half of the body via the renal portal veins and the dorso-lumbar veins, the other is from the urogenital arteries. The renal portal veins are linked with the hepatic portal system through the anterior abdominal vein which might serve as a transport route of the potentially renal portal blood to the kidney. The glomerulus consists of several lobules of anastomosing capillaries which are intercalated between the afferent and efferent arteriole. The efferent arteriole of the glomerulus runs some distance ventrad without branching to join the peritubular sinusoidal capillaries near the ventral surface of the kidney. Usually each glomerulus has a single efferent arteriole, but double efferent arterioles may rarely occur. Near the medial border of the kidney the glomeruli are small, and laterally they become progressively larger. PMID- 6973330 TI - Concurrence of ganglionic hamartoma and heterotopic neuroglial tissue in the cerebellopontine angle. PMID- 6973327 TI - Ten-year follow-up in aortic valve replacement using the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis. AB - An in-depth statistical analysis of early and late results of aortic valve replacement using the Bjork-Shiley tilting-disc prosthesis is presented. Our experience with this prosthesis indicates that replacement carries a low surgical risk, a low incidence of complications (embolization, infection, or hemorrhage due to long-term use of anticoagulants), and good long-term survival. Coexisting coronary artery disease increases surgical mortality significantly, and simultaneous, complete revascularization is essential. Patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement did significantly better than those requiring other simultaneous procedures or those who had had previous operations. Earlier operation is imperative since progress of aortic valve disease is unpredictable by duration of symptoms, and patients in New York Heart Association Functional Class II have a low surgical risk and a greatly increased survival. It would appear from this study that additional criteria, such as increasing ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy determined by echocardiographic studies and gated nuclear studies showing deterioration of ejection fraction on exercise, should be used to help determine time of surgical intervention rather than symptomatology alone. PMID- 6973331 TI - Portal hypertension and enterostomal varices. PMID- 6973333 TI - Subretinal lens: an unusual complication of pars plana lensectomy. AB - A lens nucleus dislocated through a retinal dialysis into the subretinal space was managed by successful reattachment of the retina over the lens. Subsequent slow resorption of the lens material resulted in good visual acuity. PMID- 6973332 TI - Polymorphic amyloid degeneration of the cornea. A clinical and histopathologic study. AB - The occurrence of polymorphic punctate and filamentous opacities in the axial cornea of patients in the fourth decade of life and older represents a distinct clinical entity. The glass-like deposits are usually in the deeper layers of the cornea and are associated with normal intervening stroma. Although it is not a cause of visual dysfunction, this disorder may be confused with lattice corneal dystrophy or with the corneal deposits in some dysproteinemias. Common clinical findings were found in 14 patients, and these findings were contrasted with the findings in lattice corneal dystrophy. Family studies failed to demonstrate heritability, and lesions were found in older patients only. Histopathologic examination identified the lesions as amyloid. The findings suggest that his disorder should be classified as a corneal degeneration. "Polymorphic amyloid degeneration" is a descriptive for this condition. PMID- 6973334 TI - Ophthalmia in turkeys infected with Pasteurella multocida. AB - Blepharoconjunctivitis and hypopyon were observed in eyes of turkeys infected during 2 epornitics of fowl cholera. Blepharoconjunctivitis, hypopyon, anterior synechiae, and panophthalmitis were observed sporadically in turkeys experimentally exposed to Pasteurella multocida via drinking water. P. multocida was isolated from these lesions. PMID- 6973336 TI - On molecular heterogeneity of pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein. PMID- 6973335 TI - Field rickets in turkey poults: biochemical findings. AB - Two clinical cases of field rickets and one of nutritional rickets in turkey poults were studied. Plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and vitamin D metabolites were determined. Concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase in affected poults were typical of nutritional rickets. The mean plasma calcium concentration in rachitic poults was not significantly different from that in controls. Mean values for plasma phosphorus were 1.5 to 2.4 mg/dl lower in the rachitic poults, and values for alkaline phosphatase activity were 1.3-1.7 times greater. In assays of vitamin D metabolites, mean 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 values were consistently lower in rachitic poults. PMID- 6973337 TI - Assessment of tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric outpatients using a standardized rating scale. AB - Psychiatric outpatients were assessed for dyskinetic movements using the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS). The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in an Australian sample of 66 patients was 44% which is similar to reported prevalence in other countries. Although the prevalence was significantly higher in patients over 45 years of age and with more than a 5 year history of neuroleptic medication, there were no significant correlations between presence of dyskinesias and age, sex or duration of neuroleptic treatment. Organic factors such as neurological disorders, ECT or alcoholism were not related to dyskinetic movements, nor was the use of anticholinergic or tricyclic antidepressant medication. The AIMS is a reliable rating scale for dyskinetic movements and could be used more widely as a screening instrument for early detection of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 6973338 TI - Heavy drinkers--their prevalence, attitudes and characteristics. AB - Heavy drinkers were defined as those admitting to drinking six or more drinks every day or most days. This pattern of alcohol consumption which is equivalent to 80 or more grams of ethanol per day, puts them at 'high risk' of physical and/or psychosocial complications. Eleven percent of 23,673 males and 1% of 19,803 females who had a Medicheck screening were heavy drinkers. The most frequent reasons given for heavy drinking were relaxation, social contact and enjoyment of the taste. Most heavy drinkers felt that they drank more than was good for them but did not consider themselves to be 'sick' people in need of treatment. Heavy drinkers had a higher prevalence of psychosocial problems than moderate or light drinkers. PMID- 6973339 TI - Fluoride resistant alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and combined enzyme histochemistry in the study of normal and pathologic lymphoid tissues. AB - Alpha-Naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and fluoride resistant alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (FRANAE) have been compared as histochemical methods to identify T lymphocytes in sections of normal and pathological human lymphoid tissues. In addition, the FRANAE method was combined with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in order to simultaneously evaluate the relationship between T lymphocytes and fibroblastic reticular cells (ALP) positive). The "dot like" esterase positivity of T lymphocyte was better evaluated by using FRANAE when compared to ANAE because of fluoride inhibitor of the strong esterase activity of dendritic cells and most macrophages. The combined ALP-FRANAE method clearly demonstrated a large number of fibroblastic reticular cells within the T-areas in various normal and pathological tissues such as hyperplastic lymph nodes and especially in the lymph nodes and spleens from patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6973340 TI - Direct effect of bombesin on isolated gastric mucosa. PMID- 6973341 TI - Protective effects of semicarbazide and p-aminobenzoic acid against ozone toxicity. PMID- 6973342 TI - Potentiation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in hepatoma cells by 2' deoxyadenosine or 2'-deoxyguanosine. PMID- 6973343 TI - Histone reactivity of drug-induced antinuclear antibodies. A comparison of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. AB - Anti-histone antibodies were measured in a group of patients with drug-induced lupus erythematosus and in asymptomatic patients with drug-induced antinuclear antibodies (DANA). Anti-histone antibodies were found in the majority of drug induced lupus patients. DANA patients had lower titers of ANA and no detectable anti-histone activity. Longitudinal studies of the drug-induced lupus patients showed a gradual fall in the ANA and anti-histone titers. Our data suggest that the immune response in the drug-induced lupus patients is similar to but more intense than that seen in the DANA patients. Possible factors altering the immune response in these 2 groups are discussed. PMID- 6973344 TI - Evaluation of a pilot program for rheumatic disability in an urban community. AB - A program for the systematic detection and management of arthritis disability was developed for an urban population. A survey identified 601 persons with rheumatic disability in a population of 9,500-10,550. Seventy-eight persons were evaluated and given recommendations. An ombudsman assisted the clients in obtaining health services and coordinated care. An evaluation 6-8 months later showed increased utilization of and referrals to relevant services but, on the whole, little improvement in functional capacity was noted. However, the small numbers do not definite conclusions. PMID- 6973345 TI - Chromosome studies in adult T-cell leukemia in Japan: significance of trisomy 7. AB - Chromosomes were studied in cells from 15 japanese patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Mitoses were obtained from unstimulated peripheral blood in 12 patients and a lymph node in one patient. In two other patients, mitotic cells were obtained solely from peripheral blood stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Chromsomally abnormal cells were seen in 14 of the 15 patients. The abnormal cells had a modal number of chromosomes in near diploid range in 12 patients, and in near triploid and tetraploid range in the remaining 2 patients, respectively. Eight of the nine patients analyzed by Q-banding had clonal chromosome abnormalities. The most common abnormality was trisomy no.7 or 7q, which was seen in 5 cases and has been primarily observed in lymphoid neoplasms. A 14q+ marker chromosome was found in two patients and a Dq+ in one patient; loss of a sex chromosome was found in three patients. Most chromosomes were involved in gains, losses, or structural rearrangements, but abnormalities of no. 11, which have been frequently found in lymphoid malignancies, was not observed in our series. The significance of these chromosome abnormalities is discussed. PMID- 6973346 TI - Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with increased binding of IgG to platelets both in vivo and in vitro. AB - Thrombocytopenia is a common serious adverse effect of drug treatment. A variety of in vitro diagnostic techniques to confirm the diagnosis are available, but the majority lack sufficient sensitivity to detect all cases of drug-induced thrombocytopenia. We studied 19 patients with suspected drug-induced thrombocytopenia and demonstrated that platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) was elevated in all at the time of thrombocytopenia, and PAIgG returned to normal levels as the thrombocytopenia resolved. In the majority of patients, the platelet count rapidly returned to normal after the drug was discontinued; however, in six patients, the thrombocytopenia persisted well beyond the period of time that the offending drug would be expected to be cleared from the blood. In 13 patients, serum obtained after recovery was used to identify the drug responsible for the thrombocytopenia in an in vitro assay. In all cases, the addition of the drug historically associated with the thrombocytopenic episode was associated with an increased binding of IgG to control platelets. For uncertain reasons, the concentration of drug required to increase the in vitro binding of IgG to test platelets was often more than the concentration usually achieved in vivo. Wider application of these techniques may provide better understanding of the clinical characteristics and mechanisms responsible for drug induce thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6973347 TI - Human colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) radioimmunoassay: resolution of three subclasses of human colony-stimulating factors. PMID- 6973348 TI - Expression of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) by lymphomas of B-cell and T-cell lineage. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is expressed by leukemic cells from approximately 80% of patients with non-T-cell ALL and 30%-50% of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis. A small number of normal bone marrow and fetal liver cells also express CALLA, but the functional role of this molecule is unknown. In the present study, we have used a monoclonal antibody (J5) specific for CALLA to study the expression of this antigen in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Within the B cell lymphomas, it was found the CALLA was expressed by almost all Burkitt's and nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas. Within the T-cell lymphomas, CALLA was expressed in 40% of patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma. Three of 3 Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines and three of eight T-lymphoblast cell lines were also found to express CALLA. Normal spleen, lymph node, and thymus cells were not reactive with J5 antibody. These findings indicate that expression of CALLA is not limited to relatively undifferentiated leukemic lymphoblasts but also occurs in more differentiated lymphoid malignancies. However, normal differentiated lymphoid cells in lymph node, spleen, and thymus, which have a phenotype similar to that of lymphoma cells, do not appear to express CALLA. PMID- 6973350 TI - Effects of illumination level on the rat's rhythmicity of brain self-stimulation behavior. AB - Rhythmic patterns in the rat's brain self-stimulation behavior were analyzed across levels of illumination, including conditions of constant illumination (LL), constant darkness (DD), and light-dark cycles (LD 12:12). LD entrainment was achieved with light intensities ranging from 0.25 to 440 lux, and little or no change was found in the phase-angle difference between the dominant spectral peak and the light transitions. Under constant conditions, the circadian period (tau) increased in proportion to illumination level, with means ranging from 24.10 h (DD) to 25.90 h (LL 440 lux). tau increased linearly as a function of long I within the range of 0.25 to 30 lux, yielding a change of 0.28 h for a 10 fold increment in illumination level, a value which closely matches Aschoff's [3] preliminary estimate of delta tau/delta ILL for the rat. The circadian spectral component was influenced by several factors. (1) Re-entrainment protocol. Given a succession of LL conditions without entrainment segments in between, circadian rhythmicity was obscured at high illumination levels. (2) Duration of LL exposure. Even following an entrainment segment, long-term LL resulted in reduced power or loss of the circadian component. (3) LD vs LL. Spectral power was consistently higher under entrainment than under corresponding LL intensities, and there was a trend toward reduced power as a function of LL intensity. A wide range of ultradian spectral components was found across conditions. Under entrainment, most such components were harmonics of the circadian fundamental; under constant conditions, the frequency relationships were relatively variable. PMID- 6973349 TI - Acidic isoferritins (leukemia-associated inhibitory activity) fail to inhibit blast proliferation in acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - Cell-free extracts of bone marrow and blood cells from patients with leukemia contain an inhibitor of normal granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (CFU-GM) proliferation (leukemia-associated inhibitory activity, LIA) identified as acidic isoferritins. A comparison was made of the action of crude LIA prepared from frozen-thawed leukemic blood cells and purified spleen ferritin from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia, on the proliferation of blast progenitors from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and on the promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. Crude LIA showed no inhibition of blast progenitor or HL-60 proliferation at low concentrations, but inhibited the proliferation of CFU-GM. At higher concentrations, crude LIA inhibited both blast cells and CFU-GM. Purified spleen ferritin failed to inhibit blast progenitors or HL-60 cells at any concentration tested, but inhibited both 70-day and 14-day CFU-GM. Using the thymidine "suicide" technique, the action of LIA was confirmed as being on CFU-GM in S-phase, but it failed to affect the proliferation of blast cell in S-phase. It is concluded that acidic isoferritins inhibit normal CFU-GM but not blast cells from patients with AML. Acidic isoferritins could confer a proliferative advantage of the leukemic clone over its normal counterparts. PMID- 6973351 TI - Prinzmetal's angina with documented coronary artery spasm. Treatment and follow up. AB - Eighteen patients with Prinzmetal's angina were studied angiographically and 17 were followed for an average of 27 months. The were 12 men and six women, with a mean age of 46.3 years. The mean duration of symptoms before clinical diagnosis was 4.1 weeks. Four had had a previous myocardial infarction. Six patients had spontaneous cardiac arrests within 48 hours of diagnosis and hospital admission. At coronary arteriography, 10 patients had significant coronary artery disease; two of these had coronary artery spasm. The remaining eight patients had normal cornary arteries with significant coronary artery spasm at arteriography. Angiographic mitral valve prolapse was found in eight patients; seven of these had inferior ST segment elevation with pain. Six of the 10 patients with significant coronary artery disease had aortocoronary bypasses performed with good results. Ten of the remaining 11 patients who were treated medically had their symptoms controlled with oral isosorbide dinitrate alone or in combination with propranolol, nifedipine or perhexiline but propranolol may have an adverse effect. Though the initial clinical course in untreated patients was unfavourable, progress after starting treatment was good, with no further cardiac arrests, myocardial infarctions, or deaths. PMID- 6973352 TI - Serial transplantation of a human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia line into nude mice. PMID- 6973353 TI - Histiocytosis X--an immune deficiency disease? Studies on antibody-dependent monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Six children with histiocytosis X, all in clinical remission, were investigated for antibody-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by monocytes and neutrophils. Monocytes demonstrated a reduced cytotoxicity and a normal Fc receptor activity. Judged by light microscopy the monocytes were normal. Preincubation with the patient's serum did not influence the cytotoxicity of normal monocytes. Neutrophils from patients with histiocytosis X showed a normal cytotoxic activity. We postulate a functional defect of the mononuclear phagocyte system in histiocytosis X. PMID- 6973354 TI - Autologous neutrophils inhibit production of colony stimulating activity by normal human lymphocytes. AB - Experiments were designed to study the way in which normal human polymorphs (PMNs) inhibit the production or release of colony stimulating activity (CSA) by normal lymphocytes incubated alone or in conjunction with normal monocytes. PMNs were first incubated with lymphocytes for various periods at various concentrations. The PMNs were then removed and the 'conditioned' lymphocytes were used alone or after addition to adherent mononuclear cells (monocytes) for the production of conditioned medium. The samples of conditioned medium were then assayed for CSA in a standard system for culturing granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C) in agar. We found that the capacity of PMNs to inhibit CSA production by lymphocytes or by lymphocytes plus monocytes was directly proportional to the number of PMNs originally incubated and maximal at relatively short incubation times (i.e. 2-4 h). Such inhibition could be counteracted by the introduction of known stimulators of CSA production by monocytes, e.g. phytohaemagglutinin or bacterial toxin. We conclude that normal lymphocytes 'conditioned' or 'programmed' by contact with PMNs may themselves have a reduced capacity to produce CSA and may also act to reduce CSA production by monocytes. Such programmed lymphocytes could thus be a component of the mechanism by which PMNs exert a physiological inhibition on CSA-dependent granulopoiesis in vivo. PMID- 6973356 TI - Relief of chronic facial pain by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. PMID- 6973355 TI - A specular microscopic study of families with endothelial dystrophy. AB - A prospective study of 12 families in which the proband had Fuchs's dystrophy was undertaken. Forty-four relatives were examined with the clinical specular microscope. Nine relatives, all women over 40 years of age, were affected. The mean endothelial cell density for unaffected relatives was 2889 cells/mm2 in the right eye and 2923 cells/mm2 in the left eye. Variability in endothelial cell size was not present in unaffected relatives but was present in those relatives with cornea guttata. Endothelial cell density decreased with age. The mean corneal thickness for unaffected and affected relatives was 0.51 mm and 0.53 mm, respectively. Unaffected relatives were compared with a control group with respect to endothelial cell density and corneal thickness. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups. In this study the clinical specular microscope failed to differentiate between controls and relatives of patients with Fuchs's dystrophy who at the time of examination did not have endothelial dystrophy. The instrument, therefore, could not be used to identify endothelial characteristics not visible with the slit-lamp which might be the forerunner of endothelial dystrophy. PMID- 6973357 TI - Separation and characterization of hexokinase I subtypes from human erythrocytes. AB - Hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) type 1 from human erythrocytes exists in four electrophoretical distinct forms, termed Ia, Ib, Ic and Id in order of their increasing anodal electrophoretic mobility at pH 8.8. We were able to separate type Ia, Ib and Icd on phosphocellulose by using a discontinuous gradient elution. The three chromatographically distinct forms do not differ in their affinity constants for the substrates glucose and MgATP2-. In addition the inhibition by glucose 1,6-diphosphate does not differ significantly for all forms. However, the regulation of these inhibitions by inorganic phosphate is much less for type Ia compared to the other subtypes (P = 0.001). Aging of the red cells is accompanied by a relative increase of the proportion of type Ic and Ia, which is the less regulated form of the enzyme. This shift in electrophoretic and regulatory properties is argued to be due to a post translational modification of the primary enzyme. PMID- 6973358 TI - Density labelling characterisation of the effects of cordycepin and cycloheximide on the turnover of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. AB - L-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) undergoes a transient increase in activity in illuminated disc of Solanum tuberosum tuber parenchyme. Cycloheximide and cordycepin inhibit the initial increase in enzyme activity, but if addition of these anti-metabolites is delayed until the time of maximum enzyme levels, the subsequent decline in enzyme activity is inhibited (Lamb, C.J. (1977) Planta, 135, 169-175). The effect of delayed treatment with cycloheximide or cordycepin on the turnover of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase has been analysed by density labelling with 2H from 2H2O. Delayed introduction of cycloheximide or cordycepin reduces the rate of labelling of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase whilst preventing the decay in enzyme activity observed in controls not treated with inhibitor, and this labelling pattern cannot be accounted for by effects of cycloheximide or cordecypin on the labelling of amino acid pools. It is concluded that delayed treatment with cycloheximide or cordycepin leads to the maintenance of high levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase by inhibition of the removal of active enzyme rather than by maintenance of high rates of enzyme synthesis. PMID- 6973359 TI - [Cross-correlation analysis of auditory neuron activity in response to acoustic clicks]. AB - Cross correlation function relating the output spike train and the input puassoneous click trains were obtained for 213 single units located in the auditory midbrain center of the frog (Rana ridibunda). Five types of responses were found: type 1 (29 units) was due to polysynaptic unimodal excitation, type II (73 units) resulted from excitation followed by inhibition, type III (26 units) resulted from inhibition followed by excitation. In the IVth type (36 units) the excitation was preceded and followed by inhibition. The neurons of the Vth type had bimodal or trimodal correlation functions. The cross correlation functions allow to estimate the temporal shape of postsynaptic excitability changes and to reveal the inhibitory stimulus effects even for the units escaping spontaneous impulsation. PMID- 6973361 TI - [Photodamage of rhodopsin molecule. Oxidation of SH-group]. AB - Illumination of rod outer segments with bright visible light results in the oxidation of both protein and lipid components of the photoreceptor membrane. The oxidation degree depends on the intensity and time of illumination. The inhibitors of free radical processes completely inhibit lipid oxidation and somewhat decrease protein oxidation. Photooxidation systems of lipids and rhodopsin also react differently to oxygen content in the incubation medium. Retinal is the photosensitizer of the oxidation of the photoreceptor membrane components. PMID- 6973360 TI - [Why must the collagen denaturation temperature be close to the temperature at which the species developed?]. PMID- 6973362 TI - [Anionic control of human hemoglobin a functional properties]. PMID- 6973363 TI - [Interaction of frog brain cholinesterase with some reversible ammonium inhibitors]. AB - The effects of some ammonium compounds diiodomethylate acetate (I), propionate (II), butyrate (III), valeriate (IV) N-hydroxyethylanabasine, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium and acetylcholine amide analog derivatives (V-VIII) on acetylthiocholine hydrolysis by cholinesterase from frog brain, acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes and butyryl cholinesterase from horse blood serum were studied. Cholinesterase from frog brain possesses a lower sensitivity to the inhibitors than does the mammalian enzyme. Significant conformational changes of the inhibitor molecule, i. e. transition from trans conformation (V) to the fixed gosh-conformation (VII), have no effect on the anticholinesterase activity of these compounds. A method for evaluation of effectivity of different types of the reversible inhibitors is proposed. PMID- 6973365 TI - Fluid transport in a thick layer above an active ciliated surface. AB - The discrete cilia approach is employed to describe the flow field above an active ciliated surface in a layer of finite depth. The infinite-size cilia surface model predicts a uniform flow above the cilia surface. Modifications as a result of a finitely extending cilia surface inside a finite-size dish predict a backward parabolic profile above an active cilia surface. Experiments are described which demonstrate a good fit between theoretical predictions and observations. The results provide a sound physical basis for the proper interpretation of fluid-flow observations close to an active ciliary field. PMID- 6973364 TI - X-ray diffraction observations of chemically skinned frog skeletal muscle processed by an improved method. AB - Whole frog sartorius muscles can be chemically skinned in approximately 2 h by relaxing solutions containing 0.5% Triton X-100. The intensity and order of the X ray diffraction pattern from living muscle is largely retained after such skinning, indicating good retention of native structure in fibrils and filaments. Best X-ray results were obtained using a solution with (mM): 75 K acetate; 5 Mg acetate; 5 ATP; 5 EGTA; 15 K phosphate, 2% PVP, pH 7.0. Equatorial X-ray patterns showed that myofibrils swell after detergent skinning, as also observed after mechanical skinning. This swelling could be reversed by adding high molecular weight colloids (PVP or dextran) to the extracting solution. By finding the colloid osmotic pressure needed to restore the in vivo interfilament spacing (3% PVP, 4 X 10(4) mol wt) the swelling pressure was estimated as 35 Torr in a standard KCl-based relaxing solution. The swelling pressure and the extent of swelling were less than acetate replaced chloride as the major anion. Detergent skinned muscle lost the constant-volume relation between sarcomere length and lattice spacing seen in intact muscle. Changes in A band spacing were paralleled by changes in I and band-Z line spacing at a constant sarcomere length. After detergent skinning, I1,0 rose while I1,1 fell, a change in the relaxing direction. Since raising the calcium ion concentrations from pCa 9 to PCa 6.7 was without effect on equatorial or axial X-ray patterns, we concluded that these intensity changes were not due to calcium-dependent cross-bridge movement but rather to disordering of thin filaments in the A band. PMID- 6973366 TI - Efficiency of light diffraction by cross-striated muscle fibers under stretch and during isometric contraction. AB - When light is diffracted by a single frog muscle fiber the intensities I kappa of the different orders kappa (kappa = 1,2,3) strongly depend on the angle between the axis of the incident beam and the fiber axis. Maximum intensity is not obtained with perpendicular incidence (omega = 0 degree) but at angles that can be calculated for each order number and sarcomere length using Bragg's formula. In analogy to techniques developed for x-ray structure analysis of mosaic crystals we have rotated the fiber around an axis perpendicular to the fiber axis and to the incident beam axis within an angular range delta omega = +/- 35 degrees and recorded the light intensities I kappa. Diffraction efficiencies defined as E kappa = integral of I kappa d omega were studied as a function of sarcomere length and during isometric contraction. The sarcomere length dependences of the efficiencies E kappa of the first three orders show characteristic trends. E1 increases with fiber stretch, E2 has a minimum at a sarcomere length near 2.8 micrometers, and E3 has a maximum near 2.5 micrometers. These trends as well as the observed efficiency ratios are in fairly good agreement with predictions by the intensity formula developed for x-ray structure analysis. During isometric contraction, the diffraction efficiencies of the fiber decrease, with the decreases becoming greater the higher the order number. These decreases might be caused by a longitudinal displacement of myofibrils of up to 0.4 micrometers. The efficiency of light diffraction strongly depends on the tonicity of the bathing fluid. Hypertonic (3/2 x normal) solution reduces E1 to less than half, hypotonic (2/3 x normal) solution increases E1 to almost twice the value obtained in normal Ringer's solution. PMID- 6973368 TI - Bioluminescence from single bacterial cells exhibits no oscillation. AB - Since the usual measurements of light emission from marine bacteria involve many (10(6)-10(10)) cells, the question has often been raised as to whether or not the individual cell's luminescence is truly continuous. To investigate this question, we assembled a sensitive photo-counting system with computerized data acquisition. Several luminous species were studied: Beneckea harveyi, Photobacterium belozerskii, P. fischeri, and P. leiognathi. Isolated single cells gave count rates ranging from 2 to 10 times the background, depending on the brightness of the strain and the state of induction. No flashes, bursts, or oscillations were evident from data collected in counting intervals of 100 ms, using both photo time-correction and power spectral analysis. Our algorithms could detect an oscillating component with an intensity as low as 0.3% of the average, as determined by the analysis of reference light sources. That photons are emitted randomly was further shown by the fact that the count distribution from the living cell closely matched that of a reference light source attenuated to the same average count rate. PMID- 6973367 TI - DNA repair after ultraviolet irradiation of ICR 2A frog cells. Pyrimidine dimers are long acting blocks to nascent DNA synthesis. AB - The ability of ICR 2A frog cells to repair DNA damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation was examined. These cells are capable of photoreactivation but are nearly totally deficient in excision repair. They have the ability to convert the small molecule weight DNA made after irradiation into large molecules but do not show an enhancement in this process when the UV dose is delivered in two separate exposures separated by a 3- or 24-h incubation. Total DNA synthesis is depressed and low molecular weight DNA continues to be synthesized during pulse-labeling as long as 48 h after irradiation. The effects of pyrimidine dimer removal through exposure of UV irradiated cells to photoreactivating light indicate that dimers act as the critical lesions blocking DNA synthesis. PMID- 6973369 TI - Increased charge displacement in the membrane of myelinated nerve at reduced extracellular pH. AB - Asymmetry currents were measured in nodes of myelinated nerve fibers from Rana esculenta at extracellular pH values of 5.2, 7.0, and 8.1 by averaging the currents during and after 1-ms depolarizing and hyperpolarizing voltage pulses. The charge displacement in the nodal membrane was obtained by numerical integration of the asymmetry currents. Lowering the pH from 7.0 to 5.2 significantly slows down the kinetics of the fast charge displacement during depolarization but hardly affects the kinetics after repolarization. The pH reduction increases the maximum charge displacement during depolarization by 46%. No differences between asymmetry currents were found between pH 7.0 and 8.1. It is concluded that protonation by extracellular H+ ions may increase the net charge or the transition range of mobile subunits in the nerve membrane. PMID- 6973371 TI - Potassium currents and conductance. Comparison between motor and sensory myelinated fibers. AB - The potassium conductance system of sensory and motor fibers from the frog Rana esculenta were studied and compared by means of the voltage clamp. The potassium ion accumulation was first estimated from the currents and reversal potentials within the framework of both a three-compartment model and diffusion-in-an unstirred-layer model. The potassium conductance parameters were then computed using the measured currents and corrected ionic driving forces. It was found that the potassium accumulation is faster and more pronounced in sensory fibers, the voltage dependency of the potassium conductance is steeper in sensory fibers, the maximal potassium conductance, corrected for accumulation, is approximately 1.1 S/cm2 in sensory and 0.55 S/cm2 in motor fibers, and that the conductance time constants, tau n, are smaller in sensory than in motor fibers. These differences, which increase progressively with depolarization, are not detectable for depolarization of 50 mV or smaller. The interpretation of these findings in terms of different types of potassium channels as well as their implications with regard to the differences between the excitability phenomena in motor and sensory fibers are discussed. PMID- 6973370 TI - Potassium ion accumulation at the external surface of the nodal membrane in frog myelinated fibers. AB - Potassium accumulation associated with outward membrane potassium current was investigated experimentally in myelinated fibers and analyzed in terms of two models-three-compartment and diffusion in an unstirred layer. In the myelinated fibers, as in squid giant axons, the three-compartment model satisfactorily describes potassium accumulation. Within this framework the average space thickness, theta, in frog was 5,900 +/- 700 A, while the permeability coefficient of the external barrier, PK, was (1.5 +/- 0.1) X 10(-2) cm/s. The model of ionic diffusion in an unstirred aqueous layer adjacent to the axolemma, as an alternative explanation for ion accumulation, was also consistent with the experimental data, provided that D, the diffusion constant, was (1.8 +/- 0.2) X 10(-6) cm/s and l, the unstirred layer thickness, was 1.4 +/- 0.1 micron, i.e., similar to the depth of the nodal gap. An empirical equation relating the extent of potassium accumulation to the amplitude and duration of depolarization is given. PMID- 6973372 TI - [Participation of the vestibular apparatus in regulating shivering]. AB - Participation of the vestibular apparatus in the control of bioelectrical activity and function of muscle motor units was studied in experiments on cats with cold shivering. It was shown that the shivering was suppressed by limitation of the vestibulospinal effects whereas stimulation of the vestibular apparatus enhanced it. Suppression of the shivering after delabyrinthation manifested both in the increased frequencies of impulses in the active motor units and in the recruitment of new units, previously "silent". Participation of the vestibular apparatus in cold shivering control and the mechanism by which the animal's posture is formed thereby restricting the heat-release surface are discussed. PMID- 6973373 TI - [Cytophotometric analysis of the total protein content of Gasserian ganglion neurons in keratitis]. PMID- 6973375 TI - [Effect of serum against hematopoietic stem cells (RAMBS) on self-maintaining cells of Rauscher erythroleukemia]. AB - The spleen colony assay was used to study the effect of rabbit antimouse brain serum (RAMBS) on erythroleukemic colony-forming cells (ECFC). RAMBS was shown to specifically inactivate hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) and to have no influence on ECFC growth. Absorption of RAMBS by erythroleukemic cells did not inhibit its anti-CFU-S activity. It is suggested that CFU-S and ECFC differ in the antigenic spectrum. PMID- 6973376 TI - [Effect of antithymocyte globulin on bone marrow colony-forming capacity during defective myelopoiesis]. AB - The effect of antithymocytic globulin (ATG) on colony-forming and claster-forming capacity (CFC and ClFC) of the bone marrow in vitro was studied in patients with hypoplastic anemia. 15 children in the initial stage of the disease and 6 patients before and after splenectomy were examined. The initial CFC and ClFC of the bone marrow were 1.84 +/- 0.55 and 1.92 +/- 0.32, respectively, per 10(5) myelokaryocytes. After the treatment of the bone marrow cell suspension with ATG the characteristics of CFC and ClFC remained unchanged: CFC amounted to 1.72 +/- 0.5 and ClFC to 1.81 +/- 0.27 per 10(5) cells (P greater than 0.05). It has been discovered after splenectomy that ATG produced no effect whatsoever on the colony forming capacity of bone marrow granulocytic precursors. PMID- 6973374 TI - [Polyclonal activation of B-lymphocytes by synthetic polyelectrolytes]. AB - A study was made of the ability of polyacrylic acid, poly-4-vinylpyridine, and the copolymers 4-vinylpyridine and 4-vinyl-N-alkylpyridinium bromides with side hydrocarbonic radicals of varying length to induce in mice of different strains B cell differentiation into the plaque-forming cells without antigenic stimulation. The polyelectrolytes have been shown to favour the transformation of B lymphocytes to the cells that secrete polyclonal antibodies, i.e. to be polyclonal activators of B lymphocytes. B lymphocyte differentiation induced by the polyelectrolytes does not depend on T cells and is liable to genetic restriction. PMID- 6973377 TI - [Probable nature of a cell population facilitating splenic colony formation]. AB - It has been disclosed that only syngeneic thymocytes are capable of stimulating colony-formation by the bone marrow treated with rabbit anti-mouse brain serum (RAMBS). The treatment of syngenic thymocytes with anti-theta-serum produces a negligible lowering of this effect. Meanwhile the treatment of the donor thymus with Con A 48 hours before the collection of thymocytes completely abolished the ability of these cells to stimulate colony-formation. The evidence suggests that the bone marrow may include a cell population with surface antigens reacting with RAMBS but not with anti-theta-serum which functions as a trigger in relation to CFUs. These cells seem likely to be precursors of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6973378 TI - [Effect of a factor inhibiting hematopoietic cells on the development of the immune response]. AB - Thymus cells from syngeneic donors treated in vitro with antilymphocyte globulin release into the medium a soluble hemopoietic stem cell inhibitory factor (SCIF). It has been found that SCIF inhibits the immune response to sheep red blood cells in the adoptive immunity system. Primarily affected by SCIF are the mature progenitors of B cells whose ability cooperate with T lymphocytes seems to be impaired. The role of lymphokines in the induction of the immune response is discussed. PMID- 6973379 TI - Radionuclide section scanning of the lungs in pulmonary embolism. AB - A new approach to the radionuclide imaging of the lungs is illustrated in this paper, describing four patients who were subjected to section scanning of the chest in addition to conventional planar imaging. The significance of this new method in the investigation of patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism is discussed. The main advantages of the new approach include increased information with depth, clearer definition of the mediastinal space, and the detection in some instances of new lesions not seen by conventional means. PMID- 6973380 TI - Longitudinal emission tomographic imaging using a three-pinhole aperture and an Anger camera. PMID- 6973381 TI - The influence of naloxone on dental pain threshold elevation produced by peripheral conditioning stimulation at high frequency. AB - The phasic dental pain threshold elevation produced by high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in healthy humans was not abolished by naloxone. A prolonged (20 min) high-frequency TENS did not cause any tonic pain threshold elevation. The results indicate that opioid-dependent systems have only a minor if any contribution to alleviation of experimental pain during high-frequency TENS. PMID- 6973382 TI - Alteration of GABA system in frog retina following short light and dark adaptations - a quantitative comparison with retinal taurine. AB - Effect of short light and dark adaptations on retinal GABA and taurine was studied using bull frog (Rana catesbiana). The retinal GABA was increased significantly in light-adapted state, and this increase was accompanied by the increases of L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity and [3H]-GABA release. The activation of retinal GABA-transaminase succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (GABA T:SSADH) was also observed after a lag period of several hours. Under the same experimental conditions, however, no significant changes were noted in retinal taurine content and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSD) activity. These findings suggest that a short light adaptation induces differential effects on retinal GABA and taurine, and the activation of GABAergic neurons in the retina may be involved in the process of short light adaptation. PMID- 6973383 TI - Electrophysiological recordings of an extraocular and extrapineal photo-reception in the frog encephalon. PMID- 6973385 TI - Discrimination between self and nonself. AB - An hypothesis is presented that relates the ability of the immune system to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", the generation of diverse lymphocyte receptors and the role of the major histocompatibility complex. Experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis includes the recent discovery of a cell in the thymus that appears to inactivate thymus-derived lymphocytes reactive against self histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 6973386 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and HLA-B27]. AB - Forty children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were studied to determine the frequency of the histocompatibility antigen HLA [human leukocyte antigen)-B27 in this disease and to characterize the arthropathy associated with this antigen. HLA-B27 was detected in four patients (10%). Its presence was associated in a statistically significant manner with sacroiliitis demonstrated radiologically and with a greater age at the time symptoms in the joints first appeared; this age was, on average, 10 years, compared with 6.29 years for the children without HLA-B27. PMID- 6973387 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: a study of the function of lymphocyte populations. PMID- 6973384 TI - Platelet regeneration time and late occlusion of aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts. AB - The half-time for platelet regeneration was estimated in 16 patients with aortocoronary vein grafts by the use of a non-radioisotopic technique based on the permanent inhibition by acetylsalicylic acid of lipid peroxidation by platelets. Ten patients had patent grafts after 6 years; in the other six at least one graft had become occluded between 2 and 6 years after the operation as shown by serial angiography. The mean half-time (+/- the standard error) for platelet regeneration was reduced to 2.5 +/- 0.2 days (P less than 0.002) in the group with occluded grafts as compared with 3.3 +/- 11 healthy volunteers. These results suggest a relation between late graft occlusion and platelet turnover and support the idea that patients with aortocoronary vein grafts could benefit from platelet suppressive therapy. Finally, the method employed appears to be a useful and simple way of evaluating platelet function in vivo. PMID- 6973391 TI - Expression of epidermal and nerve growth factor receptors and soft agar growth factor production by human lung cancer cells. AB - Seventeen well-characterized human lung cancer cell lines were examined for the presence of specific membrane receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) as well as for the production of diffusible factors capable of stimulating soft agar growth. These cell lines represented all four major histological types of human lung cancer including small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) and the three types of non-SCCL (epidermoid, large cell, and adenocarcinoma). The SCCL lines included three lines referred to as "converters" because they had lost SCCL morphological and biochemical properties during prolonged passage in vitro. Specific receptors for EGF and NGF were detected by measuring the binding of 125I-radiolabeled growth factor to the cell surface. These assays revealed that EGF receptors are found on five of six non-SCCL cell lines and are not found on any of the SCCL lines. In contract, NGF binding was detected at low levels on three of eight SCCL lines and on all three SCCL converters but was not observed for non-SCCL lines. Thus, SCCL and SCCL converter cell lines are distinguished from non-SCCL by the pattern of membrane receptors for EGF and NGF. Such differences may ultimately prove useful as biological markers for the different histological types of lung cancer. Moreover, the majority of SCCL cells and all of the non-SCCL cells tested were found to produce diffusible growth factors which can stimulate soft agar growth of nontransformed normal rat kidney fibroblasts. Although some correlation between soft agar growth factor production and the absence of EGF receptors may exist for SCCL cells, the production of transforming growth factors appears to be a general property of human lung cancer cells in vitro and is independent of EGF receptor expression. PMID- 6973388 TI - A study of antitemplate inhibition of mammalian, bacterial and viral DNA polymerases by 2- and 2'-substituted derivatives of polyadenylic acid. AB - In the present study, effects of various 2- and 2'-substituted polyadenylic acid analogs on eukaryotic, bacterial and viral DNA polymerases were investigated. The polymer containing 2'-deoxy-2'fluoroadenosine, (dAfl)n, showed a concentration dependent stimulation of (rA)n . (dT)12-catalyzed reverse transcriptase reaction from Rauscher Leukemia Virus (RLV). A similar stimulation of the (rA)n . (dT)12 catalyzed DNA polymerase-gamma reaction was also observed. However, the (rC)n . (dG)12-dependent reverse transcriptase activity was inhibited by (dAfl). The DNA polymerase-beta activity catalyzed by (dA)n . (dT)12 was also inhibited by (dAfl)n. The reported data indicate that (dAfl)n closely resembles (rA)n as a functional template. In contrast, the 2-substituted derivatives, poly(2 methylthioadenylic acid) and poly(2-ethylthioadenylic acid), are not able to discriminate between the reactions catalyzed by different templates. For example, both derivatives inhibit (rA)n . (dT)12- and (rC)n . (dG)12-catalyzed reverse transcriptase reaction to the same extent; though the methylthio derivative is a much better inhibitor than the ethylthio analog. The DNA polymerase-alpha was less sensitive to these inhibitors; whereas the bacterial DNA polymerase (Kornberg enzyme; DNA polymerase I) was completely resistant to the action of all the derivatives used in this study. PMID- 6973389 TI - Effect of excess folates and deoxyinosine on the activity and site of action of 5 fluorouracil. PMID- 6973390 TI - Phase I study of 2'-deoxycoformycin in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - 2'-Deoxycoformycin (2'-dCF), a tight-binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, was administered to 26 pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a Phase I study. Doses ranged from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/kg given i.v. for 3 consecutive days. Common toxicity included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatocellular enzyme elevations, and conjunctivitis. Lymphopenia occurred in all patients. The most serious adverse effects were acute tubular necrosis and central nervous system toxicity, which appeared to be dose related. In addition, two patients given the 0.75-mg/kg dose developed severe hepatic toxicity, although this could not be ascribed definitively to 2'-dCF. Antitumor activity was observed in eight patients, two of whom experienced a complete remission. Inhibition of lymphoblast adenosine deaminase activity was noted in the majority of cases and was observed at all doses. Antileukemic activity occurred at doses of 2'-dCF which were not associated with limiting toxicities. These results suggest that 2'-dCF is active against acute lymphoblastic leukemia and that a starting dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day be utilized in Phase II studies. PMID- 6973392 TI - Differences in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and activated killing of tumor cells by macrophage cell lines. AB - A series of murine macrophage cell lines was assayed for killing of B and T lymphocytic and myeloid tumor targets by radiolabel release at effector:target ratios of 20:1. One group of lines was inactive in all assays. Another group of lines showed moderate spontaneous cytotoxicity to lymphoid tumors that was greatly enhanced by inclusion of antibody, lipopolysaccharide, or phorbol myristate acetate in the 22-hr assays. Addition of lymphokine to the assays induced only moderate killing. Pretreatment of cell lines with lipopolysaccharide, phorbol myristate acetate, lymphokine, or nonlymphocyte sources of macrophage colony-stimulating factors did not activate "angry" or nonspecific killing. However, such pretreatment greatly stimulated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was not due to crowding or poor culture conditions: macrophage line supernatants were not toxic; rapidly growing lymphoid lines used in place of macrophages did not kill; and high macrophage concentrations (10(6)/ml) had reduced cytotoxic activity. These experiments show that the same cell type can mediate both activated killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of tumor targets. The active macrophage lines appear to be qualitatively similar to each other and to peritoneal exudate populations in tumoricidal activity. We showed previously that these macrophage lines could also phagocytose and lyse antibody-coated red blood cells. The pretreatment experiments suggest that the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity state can be regulated independently of macrophage nonspecific tumoricidal capacity. These culture line models of macrophages offer several advantages in the analysis of cytotoxicity. PMID- 6973394 TI - Microbial studies on plaque from carious and caries-free proximal tooth surfaces in a population with high caries experience. PMID- 6973393 TI - Cholesterol and its biosynthesis in normal and malignant lymphocytes. AB - The presently available information on the role and function of cholesterol in plasma membranes of mammalian cells has been reviewed extensively before. This paper restricts itself to briefly summarized some observations gathered in our laboratory and in those of other investigators which directly address themselves to the regulation of the biosynthesis of cholesterol and its possible significance in immunocompetent cells. It is suggested that de novo synthesis of cholesterol represents a critical metabolic step for proliferation and, possibly also, differentiation of lymphoid cells such as cytotoxic T-cells. De novo synthesis of cholesterol is regulated specifically by a feedback mechanism involving oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol. Some of these oxidation products are known to be generated spontaneously from cholesterol, which in itself is not affecting the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (EC 1.1.1.34). At present, it is not known to what extent oxidized derivatives of cholesterol contaminate the human diet. If they do, their effects on the immune system may be significant, and further investigations on such minor yet very potent and naturally occurring compounds in the diet are needed to understand the etiology of several human diseases. These compounds may also be of therapeutic value in the treatment of some malignant disorders. PMID- 6973395 TI - [Antiglobulin cytotoxic test. A study of factors responsible for non-specificity of reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973396 TI - [Influencing afferent pathways (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973397 TI - A repopulation assay for B and T lymphocyte stem cells employing radiation chimaeras. AB - The repopulation of the peripheral lymphoid compartment of lethally-irradiated rats reconstituted with lymphopoietic stem cells was studied. Cell lineages were traced by using genetic markers of cell surface molecules: immunoglobulin allotype for B lymphocytes and peripheral T cell alloantigen for T lymphocytes. Provided the markers had been bred on to a genetic background congenic with the hosts, they conferred neither an advantage nor disadvantage in competition with unmarked cells. The degree of chimaerism measured the lymphopoietic activity of the restorative inoculum. The most potent activity was found in foetal liver and spleen; next was infant spleen and bone marrow; then young adult bone marrow. Peripheral lymphoid tissues showed very little activity and thymus cells were inert. This tissue distribution, the stability of the chimaerism and the substantial expansion of numbers from the injected cells all point to the assay measuring an early stem cell. The overlap of subpopulations of lymphocytes in the rat thoracic duct was studied. A method for the conjugation of fluorescein to antibodies while they are attached to immuno-adsorbent affinity columns is also described. PMID- 6973400 TI - The response to H-2-different virus-infected cells is mediated by long-lived T lymphocytes and is diminished by prior virus priming in a syngeneic environment. PMID- 6973399 TI - Bone marrow cytotoxic precursor T cells: alloantigen-induced cytotoxic T-cell responses by murine bone marrow cells in vitro. PMID- 6973401 TI - In vitro T-lymphocyte proliferative response to mouse thyroglobulin in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 6973398 TI - Ultrastructure of the rat thymus: the micro-environment of T-lymphocyte maturation. AB - The ultrastructure of the micro-environment of the fully functional rat thymus was studied. The thymus consists of two discrete compartments, viz., an epithelial and a mesenchymal compartment. Thymus fibroblasts/fibrocytes, mast cells and granulocytes, are restricted to the mesenchymal compartment. The thymocyte maturation process seems to occur in the epithelial compartment in a network of reticular epithelial cells. The cortex is finely meshed and filled with proliferating thymocytes and some scattered macrophages. Moreover, in the medulla vacuolated epithelial cells from part of a loosely meshed reticulum which is filled with thymocytes and interdigitating cells (IDCs). IDCs frequently contain Birbeck granules and appear to be phagocytic. Together with macrophages, they probably enter the thymus, predominantly in the cortico-medullary region, and cross the separating wall between the two compartments. Some functional aspects of the non-lymphoid cells and in particular the IDCs, which form the micro-environment of the thymus, are discussed with respect to T-cell development. PMID- 6973402 TI - Prostaglandin inhibition of T-cell proliferation is mediated at two levels. PMID- 6973403 TI - Fc dependence of anti-mu antibody-induced isotype suppression of mice. PMID- 6973404 TI - Antigen presentation by macrophage-enriched cells from the mouse Peyer's patch. PMID- 6973405 TI - Periodic fluctuations in resistance of a myeloma tumor (MOPC-315-el) to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6973406 TI - Studies of antibody affinity in plasmacytoma-bearing mice: evidence for a maturational defect of B lymphocytes. PMID- 6973408 TI - Regulatory T cells in pregnancy. V. Allopregnancy-induced T-cell-suppressor factor is H-2 restricted and bears Ia determinants. PMID- 6973407 TI - Relationship between genetic control of T-cell mitogen response and thyroiditis susceptibility in inbred rats. PMID- 6973410 TI - Regulation of cytotoxic responses to alloantigens by Ia+ cells. PMID- 6973409 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis supernate transfer activity (EAE-STA) in Lewis rats: undiminished activity of immunoglobulin-depleted supernates and evidence for xenogeneic restriction. PMID- 6973411 TI - Genetic constraints in the induction of the immune response to Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice. PMID- 6973413 TI - Prevalence of larvae of potential yellow fever vectors in domestic water containers in south-east Nigeria. AB - The seasonal variation in prevalence of Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitos breeding in peridomestic water containers was assessed in an urban quarter of Enugu, Nigeria, and in two rural villages located among forest relicts in the neighbouring Udi Hills. A large number of earthenware pots, most of which contained water in the wet season, were present in the compounds around houses. Monthly determinations of the presence or absence of Aedes larvae in these containers were made for 13 consecutive months. The average Breteau index (positive containers per 100 houses) for A. aegypti during the 7-month wet season was 53 in one of the villages and 76 in the other, suggesting a high risk of yellow fever transmission; the dry-season averages were 11 and 23. In the urban quarter the wet-season average was 29; the dry-season average was 4.7, a level at which transmission is unlikely to occur. A. luteocephalus were occasionally found in containers in both the urban and rural localities, and A. africanus larvae occurred in one of the villages. Although Culex larvae were common, mixed infestations of Aedes and Culex were so uncommon that the simplified "single larva" method of sampling for Aedes gave similar results to the conventional method. The multiplicity of peridomestic containers in this part of Nigeria made the container index inadequate as a measure of larval density. PMID- 6973412 TI - [Very posterior luxation of the lens]. PMID- 6973414 TI - The schistosomiasis problem in the world: results of a WHO questionnaire survey. AB - This article presents an overview of the magnitude of the schistosomiasis problem throughout the world, and is based on information on schistosomiasis control programmes provided by 103 countries in reply to a questionnaire circulated by the World Health Organization in 1976. According to the data either given in these replies, published, or provided in internal reports to WHO, schistosomiasis is one of the most widespread parasitic infections of man. Some 500 million people are thought to be exposed to infection and four main species of schistosomes are prevalent, together with their various intermediate snail hosts, in 73 countries. Control programmes are operating in 41% of responding endemic countries although they are on a national scale only in Brazil, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Morocco, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, Tunisia, and Venezuela. It appears that a maximum of only 1-2% of all cases have been treated, the most frequently used drugs being niridazole and hycanthone. A small number of efficient molluscicides are in regular use but their high cost precludes large scale application. Installation of water supplies and health education are the most frequently used non-specific control measures. Nearly 50% of endemic countries use more than three different methods of control simultaneously. The national schistosomiasis control programmes in Brazil, Egypt, Iran, Japan, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela are examples of combined approaches that have resulted in a significant decline in the prevalence of schistosomiasis. Finally, some specific needs in research, control, and training of personnel are discussed. PMID- 6973415 TI - Statistical analysis of interdependence of country health resource variables, with special regard to manpower-related ones. AB - The analysis reported here was the latest in a series of efforts to clarify the relative importance of the health system and of socioeconomic factors to a nation's general level of health. The study has also quantified national and regional deviations from the general pattern as a basis for selective investigation of the effects of planned interventions.The analysis was unusually comprehensive in that it included 131 WHO Member States. As in a number of other studies, socioeconomic factors were found to account for much of the national variation in life expectancy. Inclusion of health resource variables added a special lagged effect which ultimately accounted for 90% of life expectancy variation. Evidence was also obtained that socioeconomic factors may operate partially through the development of health resources. It appears, therefore, that though socioeconomic factors are necessarily linked to health improvement, they are not sufficient in the absence of corresponding development of a viable health services infrastructure.Residual deviations from the general pattern varied systematically by WHO region in 30% of the cases. Most notably, in the African Region the number of physicians is well below even the modest level expected on the basis of the socioeconomic situation in the region. There is, however, considerable variation within individual countries, and it was not possible to find any significant relationship between the WHO manpower development programme and the national health resource parameters. It is therefore concluded that statistical analysis is of limited applicability in this field. PMID- 6973417 TI - Cholera in Bahrain: epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak. AB - In the period 10 August 1978-23 January 1979, 913 culture-confirmed cases of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae, biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa, occurred in Bahrain. After discovery of the initial cases, others occurred sporadically, and the incidence reached a peak of 25-35 cases per day during the seventh week of the outbreak (16-22 September). The overall attack rate (27 per 10 000) was low and the outbreak subsided without mass immunization campaigns or rigorous border control of persons and imports. Investigation of 746 culture-confirmed cases that occurred in the period 10 August-13 October 1978, showed that cases occurred throughout most areas of the country and mainly affected infants, young children, and adult working-age males. Symptoms were very mild; fewer than 20% of patients required specific rehydration therapy. The highest attack rate (84 per 10 000) occurred in infants less than 1 year of age. No common vehicle or mode of transmission was identified. A matched-pair study of 35 cases and controls showed that adult cases were more likely than controls to have consumed food or beverage outside of the home before becoming ill. V. cholerae was isolated from stored drinking water in the houses of 8 cases but not from numerous samples of food and tap-water. It was presumed that cholera transmission occurred through a complex interaction of mild and asymptomatically infected persons with food, water, and the environment. PMID- 6973416 TI - [Rapid etiologic diagnosis of purulent meningitis by reversed passive agglutination of latex particles and by counterimmunoelectrophoresis: experience and prospects]. PMID- 6973418 TI - Evidence for the natural transmission of influenza A virus from wild ducts to swine and its potential importance for man. AB - In 1979, epidemics of influenza occurred in pigs in Belgium from which were isolated strains of influenza A (Hsw1N1) virus antigenically closely related to Hsw1N1 strains previously isolated from ducks in North America and the Federal Republic of Germany. This finding is considered as the first supportive evidence that an influenza A virus in an avian species might have been transmitted to mammals. PMID- 6973420 TI - Induction of O-deethylase activity as an index to exposure to coal-derived products and trace environmental pollutants. AB - The metabolism of the synthetic substrate 7-ethoxyresorufin is a selective measure of the activity of cytochrome P-448 monooxygenase, the subset of cytochrome P-450-mediated enzymes preferentially induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds. 7-Ethoxycoumarin metabolism, on the other hand, reflects total (nonselective) cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activity. Either substrate yields a single, highly fluorescent product, amenable to direct, sensitive assay with the portable centrifugal analyzer. We used three assays with liver microsomes from C57/BL6 mice for the short-term bioassay of the dose dependent effects of exposure to selected environmental toxins, including petroleums, polychlorinated biphenyls, and their oxidative degradation products. PMID- 6973419 TI - Increased plasma concentrations of platelet factor 4 in coronary artery disease: a measure of in vivo platelet activation and secretion. AB - Previous studies have shown that there is both a significant shortening in platelet survival and a measured hyperactivity to platelet-aggregating agents in patients with documented coronary artery disease compared with control groups. We used a recently described radioimmunoassay for the platelet-secreted protein platelet factor 4 (PF4) to study 162 patients with documented coronary artery disease. There was a significant increase in plasma PF4 concentrations in patients with documented coronary artery disease compared with angiographically normal patients (8.7 vs 16 ng/ml, respectively, n = 121), but as in previous studies of platelet survival, we could not correlate elevated plasma PF4 concentration and the severity or site of the coronary artery disease. In addition, there was no correlation with left ventricular function, serum cholesterol or the type of angina. Patients with confirmed acute myocardial infarction had no significant difference in mean plasma PF4 concentrations compared with similar groups of coronary disease patients who had prolonged chest pain or chronic stable angina. Coronary artery bypass grafting in a subgroup of patients did not affect the mean plasma PF4 concentration during 1 year of follow up after bypass surgery, but medical therapy for angina with increasing doses of propranolol and nitrates significantly reduced PF4 concentration in another subgroup of patients who were not considered to be candidates for surgical therapy. PMID- 6973421 TI - Pulmonary dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6973422 TI - Anesthetic considerations for coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6973424 TI - Apoptosis in lichen planus. PMID- 6973423 TI - Serum concentrations of metabolites of vitamin D in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Consequences for the treatment with 1-alpha-hydroxy-derivatives. AB - In forty-two patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (25-OHCC), 24,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol (24,25 OH2CC) and 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol (1,25-OH2CC) were measured before and during intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) and in a few cases also after renal transplantation. 25-OHCC and 24,25-OH2CC were measured by means of a competitive protein binding assay after Sephadex LH20 chromatography and 1,25-OH2CC by means of a radioimmunoassay after Sephadex LH20 and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In our patients serum values for 25-OHCC and 24,25-OH2CC showed a seasonal fluctuation as in normal individuals. The concentrations in the serum of 24,25-OH2CC and 1,25-OH2CC showed a positive correlation with renal function. With regard to 24,25-OH2CC this correlation was only found for the 24,25-OH2CC:25 OHCC ratio which was used to eliminate the seasonal fluctuation. For both dihydroxylated metabolites subnormal concentrations were found when the creatinine clearance was 40-50 ml/min and lower. It appears that the decrease of the plasma level of these metabolites of Vitamin D precedes (or is concomitant with) the changes in the serum values of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the diminution of the intestinal absorption of Ca. These findings indicate that patients with CRF should be treated at an early stage of the disease with 1 alpha-hydroxy-derivatives of Vitamin D in order to prevent the development of, or to induce the healing of, bone-lesions of renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6973425 TI - The effects of nandrolone, testosterone and their decanoate esters on murine lupus. AB - Treatment of NZB/NZW F1 (B/W) female and castrated male mice with testosterone or 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone), either by implantation in silastic tubing or by subcutaneous injections of their decanoate esters, reduced in a dose-dependent manner symptoms associated with murine lupus (proteinuria, IgG antibodies to DNA) and prolonged survival. These phenomena were observed under both prophylactic (start at 3-4 weeks) and therapeutic treatments (start 27-29 weeks). Nandrolone and its decanoate ester were at least as potent as testosterone and testosterone decanoate. As the unwanted androgenic properties of nandrolone and its ester are significantly less pronounced than those of testosterone and its ester, also in these NZB/NZW mice, the beneficial effect on murine lupus does not seem to be associated with these properties. PMID- 6973426 TI - Abnormal adherent cell function in aplastic anaemia demonstrated using levamisole in cultures for T lymphocyte colony-forming cells (TL-CFC). AB - The effect of levamisole on T lymphocyte colony-forming cells (TL-CFC) is determined by the numbers or function of plastic-adherent mononuclear cells in the culture. Using levamisole in cultures of TL-CFC from patients with aplastic anaemia, we have detected a response which is not shown by cells from healthy individuals. Normal TL-CFC produced a biphasic dose-response curve made up of an initial reduction and a secondary return to control values. Similar results were obtained when plastic-adherent cells were treated with the drug before being incorporated into cultures of adherent cell-depleted, untreated TL-CFC. In contrast, colony yields were enhanced by levamisole if plastic-adherent cells were removed before culture or treated, non-adherent TL-CFC were cultured with untreated adherent cells. Cells from aplastic patients contained few TL-CFC but their numbers were enhanced by levamisole and the dose-response curves were similar to those of adherent cell-depleted normal cells and those seen when TL CFC, but not adherent cells, were exposed to the compound. However, when normal adherent cells were added to cultures of patients' cells, the response resembled the normal biphasic curve. The results suggest that certain T cell functions may be compromised in aplastic anaemia as a result of monocyte dysfunction. PMID- 6973427 TI - Stimulation of chronic lymphatic leukaemia cells by pokeweed mitogen after treatment with neuraminidase-galactose oxidase. AB - CLL lymphocytes gave a low response upon stimulation with PHA or PWM in 3-day cultures. However, after treatment with neuraminidase-galactose oxidase (NGO), in the presence of PWM, CLL lymphocytes transformed into blasts and incorporated 3H thymidine in 3-day cultures. This response of CLL lymphocytes was similar to that given by normal lymphocytes to PWM in 3-day cultures. The best stimulation of CLL lymphocytes was achieved when conditioned medium (CM) from normal T lymphocytes was present in PWM cultures. Purified B lymphocytes from CLL (T lymphocytes and monocytes removed) did not respond to PHA or PWM. However, after NGO treatment these cells were stimulated by PWM, but only in the presence of CM. PHA failed to stimulate NGO-treated CLL lymphocytes or purified B lymphocytes. This study shows that CLL lymphocytes, which usually fail to respond to mitogens, can be stimulated by PWM to proliferate after treatment with neuraminidase-galactose oxidase (NGO). This technique of B cell stimulation has been found useful in cytogenetic studies of B cell proliferative disorders. PMID- 6973428 TI - Glucocorticosteroid enhancement of immunoglobulin synthesis by pokeweed mitogen stimulated human lymphocytes. AB - We studied the role of the T lymphocyte in GCS enhancement of PWM-stimulated IgG synthesis by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Purified T or B lymphocyte subpopulations were pretreated with 10(-6) M prednisolone or recombined at various T:B ratios and 10(-6) M prednisolone was added. PWM-stimulated IgG synthesis was measured in the culture supernatants at 8 days by radioimmunoassay. Addition of prednisolone to cultures of autologous and allogeneic reconstituted mixtures of T and B lymphocytes resulted in enhancement of PWM-stimulated IgG synthesis. This effect was observed with constant and increasing numbers of lymphocytes in culture, independent of T:B ratio and occurred with purified B lymphocytes containing monocytes. Pretreatment of purified B lymphocytes containing monocytes but not purified T lymphocytes with prednisolone enhanced PWM-stimulated IgG synthesis in reconstituted mixtures of T and B lymphocytes. We propose that GCS enhancement of PWM-stimulated IgG synthesis by human mononuclear cells is independent of T lymphocyte regulation. PMID- 6973429 TI - Cultured T lymphocytes cytotoxic for a syngeneic lymphoma: derivation in Con A conditioned medium and in vivo activity. AB - Cultures of murine T lymphocytes with cytotoxic activity towards syngeneic RBL-5 lymphoma cells were obtained from spleen cells of immunized animals after co culture in vivo with irradiated RBL-5 cells. At different times after initiation, these mixed tumour-lymphocyte cultures (MTLC) were multiplied by transfer to conditioned medium (CM) containing T cell growth factor (TCGF) activity, produced by the stimulation of rat spleen cells with Con A. The effect of residual Con A was investigated by the addition of specific blocking sugar, alpha-methyl mannoside (alpha MM), to the CM in some experiments. This procedure did not reduce the growth potential of the cells, and resulted in a dramatic increase in the cytotoxic activity of the cultures as measured by a 4-hr 51Cr-release assay. The cultures multiplied 1 X 10(3)-fold over a 3-week period with retention of cytotoxicity for RBL-5 cells at levels up to 70-fold greater than those of the MTLCs from which they were derived. The cultured cells, when injected i.p. together with RBL-5 cells into normal mice, were shown to mediate a significant prolongation of the survival of the treated animals. This effect was, however, less dramatic than had been expected from the in vitro results. It would therefore appear that, while cells grown in tissue culture using Con A conditioned medium may fulfill some theoretical requirements for the immunotherapy of experimental tumours, other factor(s) are required for full protection. PMID- 6973430 TI - Haemoglobin content of multilayer E rosettes is a parameter of activated human T lymphocytes. AB - In stimulated cultures, a proportion of human T lymphocytes form multilayer rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and they can be easily separated from common E rosettes by velocity sedimentation. We have developed a simplified method for harvesting multilayer rosettes and quantifying them. Practical applications of this technique are discussed. PMID- 6973431 TI - Role of adenosine deaminase in the early stages of precursor T cell maturation. AB - The role of adenosine deaminase in the initial stages of precursor T cell differentiation was examined in patients with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Incubation of precursor T cells from adenosine deaminase-deficient patients directly in contact with thymic epithelial monolayers induced receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E rosettes). Pretreatment of these monolayers with erythro-9-(2 hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, prevented differentiation only of adenosine deaminase-deficient T cell precursors, and this could be restored by providing adenosine deaminase following the incubation with thymic epithelial cells. These studies indicate a role for adenosine deaminase in the earliest stages of T cell differentiation. PMID- 6973433 TI - Autoantibodies, histocompatibility antigens and testosterone in males with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. AB - Titres and immunoglobulin classes of autoantibodies were examined in 69 male patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and the findings were related to particular human leucocyte antigens and serum concentration of testosterone. Both anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) were significantly more prevalent in patients with cirrhosis than in sex- and age matched controls. Antimitochondrial antibodies and liver cell membrane antibody were found in 4% of the patients, and in none of the controls, but this difference was not significant. Patients with HLA-B8 and/or HLA-B12 had higher titres of ANA (n.s.) and SMA (P less than 0.05) than patients without these HLA antigens. Serum concentrations of testosterone were significantly lower in ANA positive patients than in those negative (P less than 0.05), and a similar tendency was found in SMA-positive patients. With increasing titres of ANA the concentration of testosterone fell. Serum concentration of testosterone correlated inversely (P less than 0.05) with plasma immunoglobulin G and A. It is concluded that both genetic and hormonal factors may influence the humoral immune response in these patients. PMID- 6973432 TI - Kinetics of mitogen-induced proliferation and differentiation of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. AB - Using a culture system that includes a B-enriched fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) mixed with non-proliferating "filler" cells (mitomycin-treated PBL or T cells), the kinetics of human B cell proliferation and differentiation into cells containing cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (cIg) have studied. Following stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM), proliferative responses of enriched B cells were comparable to those for unseparated PBL, with a peak at 3 to 5 days and a steep decline thereafter; cIg positive cells increased with both mitogens from day 3 until 7. Little proliferation or differentiation occurred in B cell cultures lacking T "filler" cells. The results indicate that human B cells can respond polyclonally to PHA in vitro, as well as to PWM, if non-proliferating T cell "help" is present. Further, these proliferative responses, but not subsequent differentiation, were inhibited by PHA-stimulated blasts that were treated with mitomycin and added on day 3 of culture. PMID- 6973436 TI - Antibodies to sperm, ovary, B and T lymphocytes, and granulocytes in the umbilical circulation and in newborn infants. PMID- 6973437 TI - Leukocyte adherence inhibition test: cellular requirements for the elaboration of a polymorph adherence inhibition activity. PMID- 6973435 TI - Immunological studies in typhoid fever. I. Immunoglobulins, C3, antibodies, rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complexes in patients with typhoid fever. AB - The development of O, H and Vi antibodies to Salmonella typhi antigens, immunoglobulins and C3 levels, and the presence of rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complexes were determined in the sera of patients with typhoid fever and appropriate age and sex-matched controls. IgM, and both O and H antibodies were raised in typhoid patients. Rheumatoid factor, a possible indicator of persistent circulating immune complexes, was also present in these patients. Immune complexes were more often present in patients with typhoid fever than in controls, their presence was much more marked in complicated cases of typhoid fever. A high ratio of alpha 1-antitrypsin to C3 was found in these patients suggesting complement consumption. PMID- 6973434 TI - Immunological evaluation of asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus. AB - The immune system of 69 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers with normal liver function tests was evaluated. B cell function, as documented by serum immunoglobulin levels, number of mouse rosette-forming lymphocytes and lymphocyte reactivity to staphylococcal protein A, was intact. On the other hand, T cell function was markedly impaired. This was manifested by a significant decrease in E rosette forming lymphocytes, an increase in stable rosette-forming cells and decreased reactivity to phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A. These data rule out the possibility that the immunological aberrations associated with hepatitis B infection are secondary to liver injury. The abnormal immune state either precedes the viral infection, thus predisposing to the acquisition of a carrier state or, alternatively, is a direct result of the infection. PMID- 6973438 TI - Immunoglobulins in ataxia-telangiectasia: evidence for IgG4 and IgA2 subclass deficiencies. PMID- 6973439 TI - Phenotypic heterogeneity in X-linked infantile agammaglobulinemia with in vitro monocyte suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis. PMID- 6973440 TI - Subpopulations of T lymphocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 6973441 TI - Noncardiac clinical applications of seven-pinhole tomography. AB - Clinical examples of various noncardiac seven-pinhole tomographic scans are shown. In many cases, this method of emission tomography can provide a very useful extension of standard planar nuclear medicine images. Major advantages of seven-pinhole tomography include reasonable cost and improved lesion detectability due to increased image contrast. Disadvantages include rather difficult patient positioning, nonuniform plane spacing with depth, and sometimes rather long data processing times because the presently available computer algorithms are maximized for cardiac scans. PMID- 6973442 TI - Effect of extracellular potassium on the transport of sodium and potassium in rat thymocytes. AB - 1. The effect of extracellular potassium on the transport of sodium and potassium in rat thymocytes has been studied in vitro. 2. A significant increase in the rate constant for total and ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux was demonstrated at an extracellular potassium concentration of 1 mmol/l as compared with that at either 0 or 2 mmol/l. 3. At potassium concentrations below 3 mmol/l ouabain sensitive sodium influx was observed suggesting sodium-sodium exchange catalysed by the sodium pump. 4. Both total and ouabain-insensitive potassium efflux rose with external potassium. A small ouabain-sensitive potassium efflux was observed at all levels of external potassium studied. 5. Total and ouabain-insensitive potassium influx increased with external potassium, but did not appear to saturate. Ouabain-sensitive potassium influx reached a maximum at an external potassium concentration of 2 mmol/l then decreased with increasing external potassium. PMID- 6973443 TI - Increased sodium content and altered sodium transport in thymocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. The intracellular sodium content and the sodium efflux rate constant have been determined in vitro in thymocytes derived from the Okamato-Aoki strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 2. A strong positive correlation between the systolic blood pressure and the sodium content of thymocytes was observed (r = 0.59, n = 39, P less than 0.001). 3. The rate constant for total sodium efflux was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = -0.43, n = 45, P less than 0.005) and this was due to a fall in the ouabain-sensitive component of sodium efflux. 4. Sodium efflux, influx and the thymocyte potassium content were not related to the blood pressure. PMID- 6973445 TI - [Clinical picture of histiocytosis x]. PMID- 6973444 TI - Recent development of psychiatric epidemiology in China. PMID- 6973447 TI - [Erosion hemorrhage in a pancreatic pseudocyst as a cause of intermittent gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6973448 TI - [Cerebral hemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding]. PMID- 6973446 TI - [Primary duodenal tumors]. AB - Duodenal tumors are rare. The symptoms are mostly uncharacteristic upper abdominal pain or chronic anemia on account of occult blood loss. Tumors of mesenchymal or neurogenic origin may lead to dangerous bleeding from ulceration of the mucosa. Malignant tumors of the duodenum are often histologically adenocarcinomas and should be treated by partial or total pancreatectomy. If located below the papilla or at the duodenojejunal flexure, sometimes partial duodenal resection with end-to-end anastomosis may be performed. Benign tumors should be removed by local excision. In cases of duodenal malignancy, early detection and radical resection should help to increase the survival rate of the patients. PMID- 6973449 TI - [Electric stimulation in the treatment of fecal incontinence (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973450 TI - [A comparison of the results of different types of portal systemic shunt in treatment of portal hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973451 TI - [Pericardial devascularization in massive hemorrhage of ruptured esophageal and gastro-fundic varices (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973452 TI - [Results of operative treatment for portal hypertension with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973453 TI - Localized chemotherapy of Gardner's lymphosarcoma of C3H mice using combinations of carrier-sorbed antifolics and detoxicating tetrahydrofolates. AB - The effect of aminohexyl-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate polymer (HEMA-Hex) with sorbed methotrexate (MTX) or 3',5'-dibromoaminopterin (BrAP) on the survival of C3H mice with Gardner lymphosarcoma was studied. The measured bits of HEMA-Hex MTX or HEMA-Hex-BrAP were implanted into the solid tumor growing 4 to 8 8 days. The doses of sorbed antimetabolites amounting in MTX 4.3 to 13.5 mg.kg-1 and in BrAP 5.1 and 12.6 mg.kg-1 were calculated from the area of the carrier and mean weight of animals. Following implantation i. p. injections of leucovorin or anhydroleucovorin were applied. The treatment of early tumors showed better results than that of advanced ones if evaluated either as prolonged survival or as a number of mice surviving the observation period. The 18-hr. interval between implantation of HEMA-Hex-MTX and anhydroleucovorin injection was optimum if considered both the protection of mice from lethal MTX toxicity and therapeutic effect measured as prolonged survival. Doses of leucovorin or anhydroleucovorin close to MTX doses in term mg.kg-1 resulted in best results. In case leucovorin was applied to tumor-bearing mice pretreated with HEMA-Hex with nonlethal dose of MTX, the survival of mice was shortened. Folic acid did not show this effect. Intra-tumorous implantation of HEMA-Hex-BrAP toxicity even if applied into an advanced tumor. The therapeutic effect of the sorbed BrAP seemed to decrease with tumor progression at a lower rate than of that the sorbed MTX. The application of anhydroleucovorin after implantation of HEMA-Hex-BrAP shortened the survival of tumor-bearing mice. PMID- 6973455 TI - Arteriopancreatic duct fistula in juvenile pancreatitis. A cause of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6973454 TI - Studies on isolated gut mucosal lymphocytes in inflammatory bowel disease. Detection of activated T cells and enhanced proliferation to Staphylococcus aureus and lipopolysaccharides. AB - To determine whether a defective proliferation of gut mucosal lymphocytes is a contributory factor to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, we assessed their reactivity toward mitogens and bacterial antigens. Spontaneous replication of intestinal lymphoid cells was higher than that of patient-matched peripheral blood lymphocytes. That gut mucosal lymphocytes appear to be activated in loco was confirmed by a striking, time-dependent increase in the number of stable E rosettes generated by culturing unstimulated Crohn's disease intestinal lymphoid cells. The responses of lymphocytes from inflamed and normal mucosa to polyclonal mitogens were not only comparable to each other, but to those of corresponding peripheral lymphocytes, as well. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with Crohn's disease showed less proliferation to Bacteroides and lipopolysaccharide antigens than did those from control individuals, but replicated similarly in response to Staphylococcus aureus and the enterobacterial common antigen: In contrast, when cultured with Staphylococcus aureus or with lipopolysaccharides, but mucosal lymphocytes from Crohn's disease proliferated 3 5 times more than did those from normal mucosa, while lymphoid cells from both sources were equally stimulated by Kunin antigen. Overall, this study found no evidence for a defective proliferative capacity of immune competent cells at the gut mucosal level in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6973456 TI - Human lymphoid cell lines and glucocorticoids: I. Characterization and cytolethal responses of lymphoblastoid, leukaemia and lymphoma lines. AB - Using various genotypic and phenotypic markers 20 human lymphoid cell lines have been classified as lymphoblastoid, leukaemia or lymphoma subtypes. Each cell line type exhibited characteristic morphological and behavioural properties in suspension culture. Whilst most lymphoblastoid and lymphoma cell lines manifested B-cell phenotypes and contained Epstein Barr virus (EBV) genome, leukaemia lines demonstrated T-cell markers and lacked EBV genome. Individual cell lines demonstrated unique isoenzyme profiles for the seven polymorphic enzymes studied without subtype specificity. None of the cell lines studied was entirely homogeneous although lymphoblastoid lines contained only a minor subpopulation of other cell line types. The mixed population of cells indicate the need for caution in the use of these cell lines as in vitro models of lymphoid cancer and suggests further refinement of classification methods is required. Incubation of different cell line types with prednisolone for 48-168 h revealed most were highly resistant to cytolethal and cytostatic effects of glucocorticoids in vitro. Suprapharmacological doses of steroid (10(-3) M) were required in most instances before significant cytolethal responses occurred. Only one lymphoblastoid, one lymphoma and two leukaemia lines responded to pharmacological doses (10(-5)-10(-6) M) of prednisolone. PMID- 6973457 TI - [Stimulation of the growth of T-lymphocyte colonies as a result of the interaction of lymphocytes with autologous erythrocytes]. PMID- 6973458 TI - Choosing a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. PMID- 6973459 TI - [Screening of exocrine pancreatic function (author's transl)]. AB - The validity of oral pancreatic function tests (fluoresceine dilaurate-[FDL-], N benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-para-amino-benzoic-acid-[PABA-]test) was assessed intra individually in 67 patients in comparison with the secretin-pancreozymin test corrected for volume loss. Faecal chymotrypsin (CH-F) estimation was included in the comparison. According to the result of the secretin-pancreozymin test, patients were divided into those with normal pancreatic function (n = 28), those with borderline restricted function (n = 18), and those with manifest exocrine insufficiency (n = 21). Results show that in borderline decreased pancreatic function the diagnostic value of all screening tests is limited. The sensitivity (true pathological results) was 38% in the FDL-test, 40% in the PABA-test, and 31% in CH-F. In manifest exocrine pancreatic insufficiency FDL- and PABA-test as well as CH-F showed similar sensitivity of 67, 63, and 62%, respectively. Results show that oral pancreatic function tests, particularly the simple FDL-test, represent a diagnostic alternative to the relatively complicated CH-F assessment. However, none of the tests are able to replace the secretin-pancreozymin test as the most valid diagnostic investigation. PMID- 6973461 TI - Changes of iodothyronine levels in plasma after acute and long term hypokinesia (unforced restriction) in rats. AB - Groups of 8 rats each were subjected to hypokinesia (unforced restriction) in plexiglass cages for 1, 5 and 9 days in first experiment and groups of 10 rats each were subjected to 1, 5, 14 and 60 days of hypokinesia in a second experiment. In addition, in a second experiment two groups of 10 animals were subjected first to hypokinesia for 60 days and then kept in regular group cages for 7 and 21 days, respectively. In each experiment a control group was used which was not subjected to restriction. Each animal was decapitated at the appropriate interval and the level of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) was measured with the aid of radioimmunoassay. Most remarkable changes appeared on the first day of hypokinesia when significantly increased levels of TR and T3 were found in both experiments. In a second experiment the level of T4 was significantly decreased in all groups but that restricted for 1 day. No changes of T3 level were found with the exception of the above described increase in the first day, while the levels of rT3 showed irregular and inconsistent changes. A hypothesis was tested whether the increased T4 and T3 levels result from a decreased fecal excretion of these compounds due to presumably increased food intake during the first day of hypokinesia, but it was found that the intake of food and water on the first day was the same as on subsequent days. Thus, the mechanism of the observed changes remains to be further studied. PMID- 6973465 TI - The effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on the action of aldosterone in stimulating sodium transport in frog skin. AB - In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of glycyrrhetinic acid in causing the mineralocorticoid excess syndrome, the effect of the agent on the active transport of sodium in frog skin was examined. The rate of active transport was evaluated by a short circuit current using a Ussing's chamber. The short circuit current increased significantly after the addition of 10(-8) M aldosterone to the incubation media. It remained unchanged or suppressed when either glycyrrhizin or glycyrrhetinic acid was added. The addition of 10(-6) M glycyrrhetinic acid in the presence of 10(-8) M aldosterone stimulated the short circuit current significantly as compared with the control skin which was treated with aldosterone alone. From these results, glycyrrhetinic acid is thought to potentiate the action of aldosterone and facilitate the active transport of sodium in amphibian epithelium. It is suggested that the pseudoaldosteronism induced by the administration of glycyrrhizin in man may in part be due to the potentiation of aldosterone action by this drug. PMID- 6973462 TI - Intraventricular administration of vasopressin and oxytocin effects the steady state levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine in rat brain. AB - The effect of lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP) and oxytocin (OXT) has been studied on the steady-state level of serotonin (5-HT),dopamine(DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in various brain areas four hours after intraventricular microinjection of the neuropeptides. LVP (50 microU) diminished in content of 5-HT and NE in the mesencephalon, the content of 5-HT in the septum as well as the content of DA and NE in the dorsal hippocampus. OXT (500 microU), on the other hand, decreased the content of 5-HT, DA and Ne in the hypothalamus, as well as the content of DA in the mesencephalon. In contrast, the septal NW level was increased following OXT treatment. The data indicate that both LVP and OXT are capable of influencing the 5-HT and catecholamine levels as late as 4 h after their administration. Therefore, our findings support the previous notion that posterior pituitary neuropeptides affect behavioral processes via interacting with the cerebral monoaminergic neurotransmission. PMID- 6973464 TI - The fate of [125I]iodoepidermal growth factor in isolated hepatocytes: a quantitative electron microscopic autoradiographic study. AB - When [125I]iodoepidermal growth factor is incubated with freshly isolated rat hepatocytes, cell-associated radioactivity reaches apparent steady state by 60 min at 20 C and by 30 min of incubation at 37 C. When the distribution of cell associated radioactivity is studied at different times of incubation by quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography, the ligand initially associates with the plasma membrane and is progressively internalized as a function of time. The internalized ligand preferentially associates with lysosome like structures. Qualitatively, these events are similar to those previously obtained with labeled insulin and glucagon in this cell, but quantitatively, the internalization of epidermal growth factor is much greater. The data suggest that the ligand or its specific receptor rather than the cell type is the major determinant of the rate of internalization. PMID- 6973460 TI - Comparison of antidiuretic and natriuretic effects of [8-lysine]vasopressin and [8-D-arginine]deaminovasopressin in conscious rats. AB - The relation between the duration of antidiuresis and sodium excretion and the route of administration of [8-lysine-vasopressin or [8-D-arginine] deaminovasopressin to conscious rats was investigated. Both compounds were administered either intravenously through a chronically inserted catheter in the right jugular vein, or subcutaneously. The rats were then placed into individual metabolic cages and urine was collected quantitatively. Subcutaneous administration of both compounds resulted in a more prolonged antidiuretic response, lower sodium excretion and higher total urine osmolality. In order to achieve a comparable half-time antidiuresis, it was necessary to apply about 1000 times higher does of [8-lysine]vasopressin than those of [8D arginine]deaminovasopressin. The relation between the duration of both antidiuresis and sodium excretion and the way of administration was, however, more pronounced in the case of [8-lysine]vasopressin. The excretion of potassium was increased after both compounds, the highest value being found after subcutaneous administration of [8-lysine]vasopressin. PMID- 6973463 TI - Inhibition of testicular microsomal cytochrome P-450 (17 alpha-hydroxylase/C 17,20-lyase) by estrogens. AB - Highly purified cytochrome P-450 from neonatal pig testicular microsomes is capable of catalyzing both 17 alpha-hydroxylation and C-17,20-lyase activity. Estradiol was found to inhibit both activities of the purified enzyme with delta 4 and with delta 5 substrates (progesterone, pregnenolone, and the corresponding 17 alpha-hydroxysteroids). For the delta 4 series, inhibition of lyase is competitive and that of 17 alpha-hydroxylase is noncompetitive; for the delta 5 series, inhibition was noncompetitive for both activities. Ki values for lyase activity were determined from enzyme kinetics (5.0 microM for the delta 4 substrate and 20 microM for the delta 5 substrate). Estradiol produces a typical type I spectral shift with the pure enzyme (Ks = 3.0 microM where Ks is the concentration of steroid required to give half maximal spectral shift), so that Ki values were also determined directly from binding studies by using substrate induced difference spectroscopy. Fifty per cent inhibition of the maximal spectral shift induced by the 17 alpha-hydroxysubstrates (Ki) are 3.8 and 7.6 microM for the delta 4 and delta 5 substrates, respectively. Values for Ki are higher with the substrates of 17 alpha-hydroxylase (progesterone and pregnenolone), by either method, than the corresponding Ki values for the lyase substrates. The concentration of estradiol in Leydig cells of neonatal pig testis is approximately 1.5 nmol/g. It is proposed that estradiol may influence testicular steroidogensis under physiological conditions by competitive inhibition of lyase activity. PMID- 6973467 TI - High resolution radioautographic study of the inner ear following in vivo tritiated deoxyglucose administration. AB - Light and high resolution radioautography were performed on cat and guinea pig inner ear after an in vivo administration of tritiated deoxyglucose and conventional histological treatments. In the guinea pig cochlea a diffuse radioautographic reaction product appeared on all the neurosensory and surrounding structures, with a more intense labelling of stria vascularis and Reissner's membrane. In the cat vestibular organ a diffuse reaction was also noted, with an intense clear-cut labelling of some dark cells at the base of the lateral crista and on some cells limiting the endolymphatic space, opposite the utricular macula. At the EM level, the silver grain distribution preferentially appeared to be localized on the cytoplasmic glycogen granules. In addition, some sensory cells were densely marked, the silver grains neither occurring on the nucleus nor on the surrounding nerve calyx, and rarely upon the mitochondria. These data indicate that using classical histological treatments, it is possible to retain a part of the radioactive molecules around the injection site. The possible physiological meaning of the selective labeling of some cellular and subcellular compartments is discussed. PMID- 6973466 TI - Unusual case of progressive systemic sclerosis with onset in early childhood and following infectious mononucleosis. AB - A rare case of infantile progressive systemic sclerosis is reported. A Japanese girl suffered from infectious mononucleosis at the age of 1 year 3 months, and 5 months later she developed edema and sclerosis of the skin. She has been followed up for 4 years and now has grotesque features, with contractures of hands and feet due to advanced systemic sclerosis. The relationship between infectious mononucleosis and progressive systemic sclerosis is discussed. PMID- 6973468 TI - Noninvasive tomographic study of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in vivo. Potentials, limitations, and clinical applications in cerebral ischemic disorders. AB - The non-invasive continuous inhalation technique of C15O2 and 15O2 coupled with positron emission tomography (PET) provides brain images that are thought to represent local cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Experimental studies in baboons have confirmed that C15O2 inhalation allows tomographic measurement of CBF. The numerous difficulties involved in PET absolute quantitation are stressed, as well as some limitations inherent to the 15O inhalation model. However, the values for local CBF, OEF and CMRO2 obtained in normal young subjects are satisfactory in view of the above-mentioned limitations. The clinical application to recent cerebral infarction has allowed two opposite types of flow-metabolism uncoupling to be identified, which appear to be often predictive if tissue prognosis. The time course of spontaneous changes in CBF and OEF within the infarct is also described. Our studies have, in addition, revealed the previously unknown phenomenon of "crossed cerebellar diaschisis" in supratentorial infarction. Lastly, a state of chronic watershed ischemia, potentially reversible by surgical revascularization, has been identified as presumably involved in the progression of watershed necrosis. The clinical potentials of this method appear considerable. PMID- 6973470 TI - Regional activation of brain cortex in man revealed by 133Xe inhalation flow tomography. PMID- 6973469 TI - CMRO2 and CBF by the oxygen-15 inhalation technique. Results in normal volunteers and cerebrovascular patients. AB - The oxygen-15 inhalation technique has been applied to the quantitation of regional CBF, CMRO2 and OER with positron emission tomography. The introduction of corrections for gamma-ray attenuation, and for recirculation, has allowed us to obtain values for CBF, CMRO2 and OER in close agreement with values obtained using other techniques. In 27 normal volunteers mean CMRO2 shows values ranging from 4.98 to 3.79 ml/100/min, depending on the region evaluated. Mean CBF values range from 55.3 to 38.8 ml/100ml/min. Mean OER is more constant, ranging from 0.56 to 0.49, with a mean of 0.53 +/- 0.04, thus reflecting the close matching between metabolism and blood supply. We have further identified corrections for cerebral blood volume, which is measurable, and for water partition coefficient, which remains uncertain. In preliminary studies these corrections decrease the OER over the physiological range of flow by 10%, with a 15% lower CMRO2. The reproducibility of the results and the effects of aging have been studied. A series of 27 studies on acute ischaemic CVD are reported. The course of the clinical condition has been correlated with the quantitation of oxygen utilization and blood flow performed at different intervals from the onset of symptoms. PMID- 6973471 TI - Recovery from circulatory depression after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The direct traumatic effects of coronary artery bypass surgery may counter balance the expected improvement of myocardial function in the early postoperative period. In 55 patients, the regional shortening fraction was measured over 12 months using radiopaque epicardial markers pairs implanted during surgery in the newly perfused regions. The time course of cardiothoracic ratio, heart rate and cuff blood pressure was documented. All patients were catheterized before surgery and 1 year afterwards. There is an initial depression in myocardial function lasting up to 3 months after surgery which is not directionally related to changes in loading conditions or chronotropic state, but most likely to recovery of the myocardium from perioperative injury. At 1 year after surgery the overall ventricular function is unchanged. The evaluation of ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting should be performed no sooner than 3 months after surgery to avoid this transient period of depressed myocardial performance. PMID- 6973472 TI - Primary and secondary in situ antibody response: abnormal affinity maturation pattern in mice carrying the xid gene. AB - The xid gene in mice controls a recessive defect resulting in the absence of a late maturing subset of B cells. Whereas the responsiveness pattern of these mice have been clearly defined in terms of their ability or inability to make antibodies to certain classes of thymus-independent antigens, there are conflicting reports in regard to affinity maturation of the antibody response to thymus-dependent antigens. To resolve this controversial issue, the two major isotypes of the IgG response, namely IgG1 and IgG2a were examined with a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay that measures both the magnitude and affinity of the anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl antibody of each isotype in individual serum samples. It was found that the xid gene reduced the amount but not affinity of the IgG1 antibody produced, whereas it impaired the whole IgG2a responses severely. In fact, mice carrying the defective gene were unable to mount a secondary IgG2a response, measured either quantitatively or qualitatively in terms of increased affinity. To test the possibility that Lyb3, an isogenic B cell-triggering receptor lacking in xid-mutant mice, plays a direct role in the maturation of the immune response, the antibody profile in normal mice immunized eigher with antigen alone or in combination with anti-Lyb3 receptor substantially elevated and accelerated the primary IgG2a response, whereas it had little effect on the IgG1 response. PMID- 6973474 TI - Nature of the immunogenic moiety recognized by the human T cell proliferating in response to tetanus toxoid antigen. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the nature of the immunogenic moiety recognized by the human T cell which proliferates in response to tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen. Immunosorbent-purified anti-TT IgG antibodies failed, even when added in great excess, to inhibit T cell proliferation in response to TT. Urea denatured (UD) TT antigen containing less than 1% native TT, as assessed by its reactivity with antibodies raised against native TT, triggered proliferation in T cells to an extent equal to that seen with native TT. The proliferative response to UDTT was seen only in T cells obtained from donors immune to TT and was inhibited by antisera to DRw antigens of the cell donor. T cells responding to TT and to UDTT essentially overlapped because exposure to 5'-bromo-2-deoxyuridine and light of T cells prestimulated with TT or UDTT abolished the specific response to both forms of the TT antigen but not to phytohemagglutinin or to Monilia antigen. It is concluded that proliferating human T cells recognize determinants which differ from those that elicit an antibody response and which may arise as a result of antigen processing by macrophages. The implications of these present results on the nature of the human T cell receptor for antigen are discussed. PMID- 6973473 TI - The distribution of Helix pomatia lectin receptors on mouse lymphoid cells and other tissues. AB - The distribution of receptors for the Helix pomatia lectin on mouse lymphoid cells and other tissues was investigated. Using a sensitive rosetting assay combined with immunofluorescence, lectin receptors were found on the membrane of approximately 90% of peripheral T lymphocytes, 75% of thymocytes, 30% of bone marrow cells, 20% of nude spleen cells, 15-50% of peritoneal exudate macrophages, and a subpopulation of peritoneal exudate mast cells. The Thy-1-positive nude spleen cells were predominantly Helix lectin receptor-negative. Approximately 5% of B lymphocytes were weakly positive, and neutrophils were negative. Receptors were present also on a subpopulation of cells of a fibroblast cell line and in acetone powder from the liver and, at a lower level, from the kidney and brain. Membrane receptors on all cell types were partially detectable without neuraminidase treatment of the cells. Two methods of fractionating Helix lextin positive cells were employed, which gave significantly different results. By rosetting and depletion using density fractionation, T cell mitogen responses were abolished, while B cell mitogen responses, T cell cytotoxicity, and natural killer cytotoxicity were only slightly affected, if at all, Helix lectin-agarose column fractionation seemed more sensitive, in that essentially all natural kill cells bound to the column, as well as considerable number of B lymphocytes. Cytotoxic T cells were heterogeneous; roughly half were not bound, but the remainder were bound and eluted. PMID- 6973475 TI - Nature of macrophage-T cell interaction in secondary helper cell generation in vitro. Genetic restriction of macrophage-T cell interaction, which determines T-B genetic restriction. AB - To investigate the histocompatibility requirements for the macrophage-T cell interaction in the secondary antibody response, splenic T cells from antigen (carrier)-primed F1 hybrid mice were restimulated in vitro with carrier-pulsed F1, parental or allogeneic macrophages. Surviving T cell were cocultured with hapten-primed F1 or parental "B cells" and restimulated with the appropriate hapten-carrier conjugate. The IgG antibody-forming cell response was then measured using a plaque assay. Mapping of the genetic restriction was performed by use of different strain combinations. T helper cells could be restimulated in the presence of macrophages only provided they shared the I-A subregion of the major histocompatibility complex with the F1 T cells frm F1 hybrids restimulated with parental or I-A-identical macrophages were shown to only cooperate with parental B cells of the same I-A haplotype as the macrophages used for restimulation. The defect was at the level of the macrophage, as addition of macrophages of the I-A haplotype used for the restimulation culture reconstituted ability of F1 helper cells to cooperate with the I-A-nonidentical B cells. PMID- 6973477 TI - Human B lymphocytes form rosettes after insertion of T lymphocyte membrane constituents. AB - Isolated plasma membranes from human thymocytes or peripheral T lymphocytes upon their reconstitution with envelope glycoproteins of Sendai virus, afforded membrane vesicles that fused efficiently with human peripheral B cells. The b cells thus obtained acquired the ability to form regular rosettes at 4 degrees C with sheep red blood cells. However, only B cells modified by fusion with thymocyte membranes formed stable rosettes at 37 degrees C, a property which distinguished thymocytes from peripheral T cells. Transfer of membrane components between human cells provides a new approach for the investigation of the sheep red blood cell receptor as well as the structure-function relationship of other lymphocyte membrane components. PMID- 6973476 TI - Cellular interactions in the generation of cytolytic T lymphocyte responses. Analysis of the helper T cell pathway. AB - Murine splenic lymphocytes exhibit a requirement for helper T cells for the induction of a cytolytic T lymphocyte response to suboptimal doses of allogeneic cells, membranes from allogeneic cells, or purified H-2 antigen in liposomes. The conditions where a requirement for help is apparent are the same conditions where a dependence on splenic adherent cells (SAC) has been demonstrated (Weinberger, O. et al., PROC. Natl. Acad, Sci, USA 1980. 77: 6091). Help can be provided in the form of primed, radioresistant, Ly-1+ spleen or lymph node cells or helper factor (interleukin 2, IL-2). A factor generated from phytohemagglutinin stimulated human lymphocytes, when added to culture in the presence of antigen, bypassed the requirement for Ia+ SAC and helper cells. IL-2 reconstituted the response to H-2K(k) in liposomes in cultures depleted of SAC, strongly suggesting that the helper cell must see antigen re-expressed by an antigen-presenting cell, whereas the prekiller does not. IL-2 could be generated by culturing Ly-1+ murine spleen cells with H-2K(k) pulsed on SAC. PMID- 6973478 TI - Anti-Thy-1-mediated T cell activation. Role of soluble factors and expression of interleukin 2 receptors on T cells. AB - Rabbit anti-Thy-1 antibody bound to T cells induces the appearance of T cell growth factor (interleukin 2, IL2) receptors and the production of IL2. IL2 receptors induction by this means occurs within a short time span, and independent of any demonstrable accessory cell. A source of exogenous or endogenous IL2 is apparently the only requirement for proliferation after these receptors are expressed. IL2 production, on the other hand, is accessory cell dependent, and this help is mediated via Fc receptors on the accessory cell. IL2 production in this model is demonstrable at 4-6 h, or earlier, and is proliferation-independent. X-irradiation actually augments apparent IL2 production. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that a differentiated subset of T cells in any mixed population is responsible for IL2 production. PMID- 6973479 TI - Characterization of immunological depression in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Immunocompetent cell functions were evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Hematological studies revealed decreased absolute numbers of lymphocytes and increases number of polynucleic cells in the peripheral blood of SHR. The SHR had a reduced number of immature T lymphocytes in their thymuses in comparison with an original strain of Wistar rats, as detected by the rosette formation test with guinea pig erythrocytes. The antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) of the 3-month-old SHR was profoundly depressed and was about one-teeth that of the Wistar rats. Cell cooperation experiments suggest that the T lymphocytes of the SHR were selectively impaired in antibody responses to SRBC in cooperation with B lymphocytes. B lymphocytes from the bone marrow of the SHR were not affected and produced normal numbers of plaque-forming units. Cyclophosphamide treatment, which selectively depletes suppressor T lymphocytes, did not enhance the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to SRBC in SHR. This may rule out the possibility of the involvement of the suppressor mechanism in the T cell depression of the SHR. PMID- 6973480 TI - Lyt phenotypes of primary cytotoxic T cells generated across the A and E region of the H-2 complex. AB - Six different cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) combinations were established, four of which generated effector cells against the I-E, and two against the I-A molecule. The cell surface phenotype of effector cells was then determined by depletion of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity with antisera and rabbit complement (C) treatment. Both types of effector cells were completely eliminated by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antiserum plus C. Anti-Lyt-1.2 and C depleted anti A and anti-E killer activity but did not eliminate CTL generated across a whole H 2 difference. One out of three different batches of anti-Lyt-2.2 antiserum did not deplete anti-A killer activity, while it efficiently eliminated CTL generated across the E region or whole H-2 difference. However, two batches of anti-Lyt-2.2 antiserum depleted also anti-A CTL activity. A quantitative difference between anti-A and anti-E CTL in terms of Lyt-2 expression was demonstrated by significant differences in recovery of killer activity, after treatment of these two types of CTL with a wide concentration range of the same anti-Lyt-2.2 antiserum and C. Thus it is concluded that anti-A killer cells have the cell surface phenotype of Thy-1+, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, whereas anti-E CTL are Thy-1+, Lyt-1, Lyt-2. The data are discussed in the context of a possible association of Lyt phenotypes of T cells with the type of MHC antigens they recognize. PMID- 6973483 TI - Heterogeneity of cell surface receptors and mitogen reactivity of individual spontaneous AKR lymphomas. AB - Eight spontaneous thymic lymphomas from AKR mice were characterized individually in vitro for cell surface receptors and mitogen reactivity. One of the thymic lymphomas, designated 105, displayed receptors for the Fc region of immunoglobulin and for complement on a portion of the Thy-1-positive lymphoid blasts. The other T cell lymphomas did not display either receptor, and none expressed cell surface immunoglobulin. This was in contrast to the distinct behavior of each lymphoma in culture in both spontaneous and mitogen-stimulated tritiated thymidine [3H]-dThd uptake. After 48 h of culture, spontaneous [3H] dThd uptake of the individual lymphomas ranged from 137 +/- 27 cpm to 100,442 +/- 13,422 cpm. Four of the spontaneous lymphomas did not respond to T cell mitogens by increased [3H]-dThd uptake. One lymphoma responded to the T cell mitogen concanavalin A only, whereas two lymphomas were stimulated by both phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. None of the lymphomas were stimulated by the B cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6973482 TI - Differential effects of dopamine agonists in mature and immature rats. AB - It has been suggested that because of a relatively slow maturation of the central cholinergic system, that the neonatal rat (i.e. less than 2 weeks old) may be used as an in vivo model, with minimal cholinergic influence, for studying the effects of dopaminergic compounds. d-Amphetamine, 1-DOPA, and SK and F 38393-A produce a syndrome in neonatal rat similar to the stereotyped behavior characteristically produced by dopamine agonists. This neonatal syndrome includes increased motor activity and sniffing plus licking and/or biting. Apomorphine and bromocryptine do not produce this behavior in neonatal rats. The potencies of d amphetamine, 1-DOPA, and SK and F 38393-A in producing this syndrome decrease with the age of the rat. Increases in motor activity, or sniffing plus licking and/or biting by d-amphetamine 1-DOPA, or SK and F 38393-A, in thirty and/or sixty day old rats are significantly enhanced by scopolamine pretreatment. Apomorphine- or bromocryptine-induced stereotyped behavior in thirty and sixty day old rats is not affected by scopolamine. These data suggest that the effects of certain dopaminergic agonists, which produce the neonatal syndrome, are modulated in the adult rat by cholinergic activity. The ineffectiveness of apomorphine in the neonate, however, suggest that the neonatal syndrome may not be related exclusively to dopamine, or that the dopaminergic system involved with this behavior is not sensitive to apomorphine. PMID- 6973481 TI - Du 24565, a quipazine derivative, a potent selective serotonin uptake inhibitor. AB - Du 24565, 6-nitro,2-(1-piperazinyl)quinoline, is a potent and selective inhibitor of the synaptosomal uptake of serotonin (5-HT). At concentrations at least 10(3) fold higher it affects the uptake of norepinephrine (NA) and dopamine (DA), The IC50 values are: 5-HT: 4 x 10(-8) M; NA: 6 x 10(-5) M and DA: 4 x 10(-5) M. Uptake of 5-HT by rat blood platelets is also strongly inhibited (Ki approximately 5 x 10(-8) M); the inhibition is probably noncompetitive. In vivo, DU 24565 is active at low oral doses: the 5-HT depletion in rat brain caused by p chloroamphetamine is antagonized by DU 24565 (oral ED50 0.7 mg/kg). The decrease in the 5-HT content caused by 4, alpha-dimethyl-m-tyramine (H 77/77) is antagonized by DU 24565 at 1 mg/kg orally, without any effect on the depletion of catecholamines. 5-HT turnover, measured by the probenecid method, is reduced by the same dose of DU 24565. Other tests confirmed the activity and selectivity of DU 24565: it potentiated the behavioural affects of the 5-HT precursor 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in mice (ED50 1.5 mg/kg orally); it potentiated the temperature increases caused by 5-HTP in the rabbit; it had low activity or no effect at all in NA potentiation tests. This new compound is more potent and selective than the known 5-HT uptake inhibitors. It is a potential antidepressant and can be useful as a pharmacological tool to study the role of 5-HT in the central nervous system. PMID- 6973485 TI - Modulation by serum from irradiated and marrow transplanted mice of hemopoietic regeneration in mouse spleen organ cultures. AB - A spleen organ culture system has been used to analyse hemopoietic progenitor cell (CFC) regeneration in the C57BL mouse spleen following 800 rad whole-body irradiation and the injection of 10(7) syngeneic bone marrow cells. The linear regeneration pattern observed in vitro compared to an initial decrease followed by a rapid increase in CFC levels in vivo suggested a possible modulating influence of humoral factors in vivo on hemopoietic regeneration in the spleen. In agreement with this, addition of mouse serum collected at various time intervals after irradiation and transplantation to spleen organ cultures in vitro was able to reproduce accurately the kinetics of CFC regeneration seen in spleens in vivo. In addition the possible role played by colony stimulating factors (CSF) in the regulation of CFC regeneration in spleen organ cultures was investigated. No clear evidence was found for the importance of CSF in regulating the CFC regeneration in organ cultured spleens. PMID- 6973486 TI - Pretrigeminal nucleus of leopard frog concentrates 2-deoxy-d-glucose during release calling. AB - After injection of 14C-2-deoxy-D-glucose, some leopard frogs were induced to release call repeatedly, while others were used as silent controls. Autoradiograms of brains of many of the calling frogs, but none of the silent ones, showed heavy labeling of the pretrigeminal nucleus. This supports the hypothesis that this nucleus is involved in release calling. PMID- 6973488 TI - Effect of unilateral ablation of the vestibular cerebellum on visual-vestibular interaction. PMID- 6973487 TI - Habenular projections in the monitor lizard (Varanus benegalensis). AB - The efferent connections of the medial (MHb) and the lateral (LHb) habenular nuclei in the monitor lizard were studied using experimental degeneration techniques. The MHb was found to project to the interpeduncular nucleus and the parvocellular nucleus of the superior raphe via the core portion of the habenulo peduncular tract (HPT). The LHb fibers form the mantle portion of the HPT and curve laterally to collect again in the ventral tegmentum. From here, they follow either (1) the medial forebrain bundle to terminate in hypothalamus, ventromedial thalamus, preoptic area, and septum, or (2) they continue caudally to terminate in the superior raphe and paramedian reticular formation or (3) they decussate and follow in smaller numbers the ascending and descending pathways on the other side. Some fibers enter the midline and reach the periventricular zone of the midbrain. Short range projections exist to the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus and the paramedian central gray and pretectum. The habenular projections are bilateral, however, much smaller on the contralateral side. Although distinct terminal fields were not found in the substantia nigra and the central gray of the isthmic region, the overall pattern of habenular pathways is strikingly similar to those found in mammals which confirms a long presumed phylogenetic stability of habenular connections.U PMID- 6973484 TI - Myelopoiesis in the presence of stromal cells from mouse bone marrow: I. Monosaccharides regulate colony formation. AB - Colony stimulating factor (CSF) was incapable of inducing the formation of granulocyte/monocyte (G/M) colonies in the presence of bone marrow-derived adherent cells. To test the possibility that interactions between adherent cells and myeloid progenitors are mediated via glycoproteins, we added a variety of sugars to methyl-cellulose cultures of BALB/c mouse bone marrow cells, in the presence of syngeneic bone marrow adherent cells. We found that a number of free sugars, as well as certain glycosides, relieved the inhibition of G/M colony formation exerted by the adherent cells. The effect of these monosaccharides was neither due to osmotic changes nor to their toxicity to the adherent cells. It is therefore concluded that glycoprotein or glycolipid factors may be involved in the interactions between myeloid progenitors and stromal cells. PMID- 6973489 TI - The control of contraction activation by the membrane potential. PMID- 6973490 TI - [Possibility of modulating morphine analgesia against a background of activation of serotonin- and GABA-ergic processes]. AB - The analgesic effect of morphine in conditions of serotonin- and GABA-ergic activation was studied in experiments on male albino rats. The serotonin re uptake blockers fluoxetin and citalopram (10 and 20 mg/kg) did not exert clear analgesic effect or did not potentiate morphine action in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. The GABA agonist muscimol (0.5--2 mg/kg) did not influence the pain reaction structure and did not enhance morphine-induced analgesia. The role of serotonin- and GABA-ergic processes in realization of the analgesic action of morphine is discussed. PMID- 6973492 TI - Human placental conditioned medium (from different phase of pregnancy) as a source of colony-stimulating activity for cultures of human and mouse. granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells in semisolid agar. AB - We have investigated the effect of conditioned medium derived from cultures of human placental tissue from different phases of pregnancy on in vitro growth of human and mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells in semisolid agar. We have confirmed that the colony-stimulating activity of human placental conditioned (normal delivery) medium was equivalent to the activity of peripheral blood leucocyte underlayers when medium was added at a 5%-20% concentration to the semisolid agar. Placentas from the 12th amd 10th week of gestation were found not convenient for preparation of medium with high CSA; the activity of media prepared from their cultures was not significantly higher than the autostimulating activity of bone marrow alone. Human placental conditioned medium proved inconvenient for cultures of mouse GM-CFC in semisolid agar containing foetal calf serum. PMID- 6973493 TI - T-Cell hydrids: I. Selection of thymidine kinase deficient subline EL-4R from EL 4 cell population. AB - Thymidine kinase deficient (TK-) cell line EL-4R suitable for production of T cell hybrids has been selected from the EL-4 cell population by treatment with 5 bromodeoxyuridine. Comparison of the EL-4 and EL-4R cell lines revealed differences in chromosome constitution and electrophoretic mobility of both cell populations. Both, EL-4 and EL-4R cells had a modal number of 39 chromosomes; the percentage of cells with modal number of chromosomes and the percentage of biarmed chromosomes in the EL-4R line was higher than that of the EL-4 line. Anodic electrophoretic mobility of EL-4R cell population was faster than that of EL-4 cells, respective mean values being 0.96 and 0.91 X 10(-4) cm2 s-1 V-1. PMID- 6973491 TI - CoA-dependent cleavage of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine and transfer to phosphatidylethanolamine in homogenates of murine thymocytes. PMID- 6973494 TI - Miscellaneous rheumatological conditions treated in monitored-release studies with feprazone. AB - In two monitored-release studies of feprazone (Methrazone), one in hospital and the other in general practice and involving a total of about 4,000 patients, there were 343 patients with a variety of sero-negative rheumatological conditions or soft tissue lesions. The diagnoses included spondylosis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, capsulitis, frozen shoulder, polymyalgia rheumatica and gout. Most of the patients were classified as moderately or severely affected. Feprazone in a dose of 200 mg thrice daily appeared to benefit about 60% of patients during a course of 8 weeks of therapy. No serious adverse reactions directly attributable to the drug were recorded. About 20% of patients stopped treatment because of side-effects, usually gastro-intestinal disturbance or rash. Two patients experienced a marked fall in platelet count which might have been due to the drug, but neither developed any signs of thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6973495 TI - Changes in specific prolactin binding in Rana catesbeiana Tadpole tissues during metamorphosis and following prolactin and thyroid-hormone treatment. AB - The prolactin-binding affinity (KD) and number of binding sites *N) in Rana catesbeiana tadpole liver, tail fin and kidney tissues were studied during metamorphosis and following administration of oPRL and L-T3 to premetamorphic tadpoles. With increasing developmental stage there was an increase in N; a maximum was found at stage XVIII followed by a gradual decrease in N through metamorphic climax for all 3 tissues. No change in KD was noted. L-T3 treatment of premetamorphic tadpoles for 7 days caused a significant decrease in tail length and height and body length and an increase in hindlimb length with a concurrent increase in N of approximately 3-fold while treatment for 1 or 3 days was without effect on tadpole morphology or oPRL binding. OPRL treatment for 7 days caused a significant increase in tail length and height and body length with no significant changes in hindlimb length and a 3-5-fold increase in N. Treatment with both L-T3 and oPRL for 7 days resulted in an inhibition of the T3-induced decrease in tail length and height and body length and no inhibition of the hindlimb length increase. N increased in all tissues similar to that found with eight treatment alone. No change in KD was noted in any of these studies. Therefore, oPRL and L-T3 are able to regulate the numbers of specific oPRL binding sites in amphibian tissues. The change in N with development parallels the reported change in tadpole pituitary capacity to stimulate growth but occurs prior to the reported surge of endogenous T3 during metamorphosis. Thus, the variation in the number of oPRL-binding sites may be due to the changes in endogenous PRL levels during development. PMID- 6973496 TI - Serotonin regulation of corticoid secretion in infant rats. AB - The plasma corticosterone response to various doses of serotonin and 5 hydroxytryptophan was studied in the 3-day-old rat. The maximum response to both drugs occurred 60 min after injection. Increased corticosterone concentration was observed at lower doses of serotonin than of 5-hydroxytryptophan. The effects of serotonin injection on Days 1-7 after birth on the plasma corticosterone response to 3 min of novelty stimulation at weaning was also studied. Serotonin treatment resulted in reduced adrenocortical reactivity which was reduced further when fluoxetine was given prior to the serotonin. Shocking rat pups on Days 1-7 also reduced adrenocortical reactivity and fluoxetine prior to shock further reduced adrenocortical reactivity when administered twice per day. PMID- 6973497 TI - [Clinical value of various immunological diagnostic tests in nephrology]. PMID- 6973498 TI - Effect of water-immersion stress on prostaglandin E2 in rat gastric mucosa. AB - We investigated the effect of stress on the prostaglandin E2 levels in rat gastric mucosa. In untreated controls, prostaglandin E2 levels were higher in the antral than the fundic mucosa. Stress experiments showed tht 30-min stress induced no gastric lesions but effected a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in antral prostaglandin E2: after 7-hr stress exposure, hemorrhagic lesions and prostaglandin E2 levels significantly (p less than 0.05) below normal control values were noted. The formation of HCl-induced gastric mucosal lesions was markedly inhibited if 30-min stress preceded HCl-administration. The infusion of 5 microgram/kg 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 prior to 7-hr stress exposure inhibited ulcer formation markedly. Our results suggested that stress-induced decrease in intramucosal prostaglandin E2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of stress ulcer formation. PMID- 6973499 TI - Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on vitamin D metabolites in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - The osteopenic bone disease associated with primary biliary cirrhosis is thought to be de to a deficiency in vitamin D or its metabolites. However, this has never been proven. Therefore, we measured serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25 OHD3), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OD)2D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3), before and after a 1 yr treatment with oral 25,OHD3, in 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis selected because of documented osteopenic bone disease. Only in 1 patient was the pretreatment serum 25-OHD3 level below normal, less than 4.4 ng/ml. In 8 patients the serum 25,OHD3 level was in the low normal range and in one, was above normal. Serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D, the vitamin D metabolite with the greatest stimulatory effect on intestinal calcium absorption, were normal in 9 patients and elevated in 1. In contrast, serum levels of 24,25-(OH)2D3, a metabolite whose function is not known with certainty, were undetectable in 8 patients, low normal in a ninth, and normal in 1 patient who had been on large amounts of vitamin D2 (50,000 U b.i.w.,) before the start of the study. After 1 yr of treatment with oral 25-OHD3, serum 25-OHD3 rose to above normal in 9 patients. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels did not change significantly, while 24,25-(OH)2D3 rose to normal levels or higher in 9 of 10 patients. The bone disease of primary biliary cirrhosis is not due to 25 hydroxyvitamin D deficiency alone and is certainly not due to a deficiency of 1,25-(OH)2D as has been postulated. It may be related to low blood levels of 24,25-(OH)2D3 or to other as yet undefined factors. PMID- 6973500 TI - Intestinal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin. A sensitive method for the detection of protein-losing enteropathy. AB - Gastrointestinal loss of plasma is usually measured with radiolabeled macromolecules. These methods are expensive and cumbersome. The use of alpha 1 antitrypsin as an endogenous marker and the determination of alpha 1-antitrypsin fecal clearance enable the diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy. alpha 1 Antitrypsin is measured in feces and blood by radial immunodiffusion, and the results are expressed as clearance. There is a significant correlation between alpha 1-antitrypsin fecal clearance and 51Cr-plasma protein clearance (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001). The sensibility of alpha 1-antitrypsin test compared to [51Cr] is 93.3%, the specificity is 90%. The positive predictive value is 97.7%, the negative predictive value 75%. We found no alpha 1-antitrypsin in gastric juice of pH below 3. In vitro studies confirmed the destruction of alpha 1 antitrypsin in gastric juice of pH below 3. There is a slight decrease of alpha 1 antitrypsin concentration when stools are incubated at 37 degrees C. In duodenal juice there is a small lessening of alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration after an incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 h. In conclusion, the fecal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin seems to be an inexpensive and quite reliable test of protein losing enteropathy. PMID- 6973501 TI - Endocrine influence on hypercalcemic regulation in bullfrog tadpoles. PMID- 6973503 TI - The regulation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol metabolism in the kidney of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) by sex hormones and by parathyroid extract. PMID- 6973502 TI - Cholesterol-induced in vitro maturation of oocytes of Acipenser stellatus, Xenopus laevis, and Rana temporaria. PMID- 6973504 TI - [Modified E rosette test in patients with malignant ovarian neoplasms]. PMID- 6973505 TI - [Treatment of late puerperal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6973506 TI - [Role of immunological mechanisms in the inflammatory processes of the female genitalia]. PMID- 6973507 TI - [Evaluation of the role of endarterectomy in the surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6973508 TI - Preparation and purification of lymphocytes from the epithelium and lamina propria of murine small intestine. AB - Existing methods for the production of lymphocytes from the small intestine have proved unsatisfactory when applied to the mouse. We report here a new method for the production of highly pure suspensions of lymphoid cells from the epithelial layer and lamina propria of mouse small intestine. The production and purification methods are described in detail. At least ten million lymphocytes are obtainable from each small intestine from either the epithelium or lamina propria and the cell suspensions are shown to be little contaminated by non lymphoid cells. Preliminary analysis of the two cell types indicates that they belong either to two separate populations or to one population in very different stages of differentiation. The use of purified lymphoid cells from the epithelium and lamina propria of the small intestine may enable examination of the generation of cytotoxicity towards gut epithelial cells; this may be important in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. PMID- 6973509 TI - Assessment of appropriate laboratory measurements to supplement the Crohn's disease activity index. AB - The ability of 11 laboratory parameters to reflect the degree of activity of Crohn's disease, using a clinical index as reference point was compared by means of multiple stepwise regression analysis. Activity was best defined in decreasing order by orosomucoid, sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, alpha-1 antitrypsin, albumin, haematocrit, IgM, circulating immune complexes, serum iron, IgG, and IgA. The haematocrit, the only laboratory measurement in the Crohn's disease activity index developed by the National Cooperative Study Group in the USA, is less discriminant than acute phase reactants. Only three parameters namely, orosomucoid, sedimentation rate, and C reactive protein-have a significant weight and should be complementary to a simple clinical index. PMID- 6973510 TI - Involvement of the HLA system in the immune response. PMID- 6973512 TI - The shape and measurements of the stomach in Cercopithecus aethiops. PMID- 6973511 TI - Surface antigens characterizing lymphopoietic stem cells in rats. PMID- 6973513 TI - Fascial femoral space in Macaca mulatta in the light of anatomical comparative studies. PMID- 6973515 TI - Lymphatic vessels of the duodenum - deep network. PMID- 6973514 TI - Structure and topography of the muscular system of the foot of coypu (Myocastor coypus Mol.). PMID- 6973516 TI - Variation of the arising and the course of arteries vascularizing the transverse colon in man. PMID- 6973518 TI - Correlation of some features of the internal structure of the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm with age and body height and weight. PMID- 6973520 TI - Variation of ganglia of the pelvic segment of the sympathetic trunk in human fetuses. PMID- 6973519 TI - Correlation of some elements of the internal structure of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm with the age, body weight and height. PMID- 6973522 TI - Additional pancreas. PMID- 6973521 TI - Initial branches of the portal vein in the developmental aspect in man. PMID- 6973517 TI - Femoral nerve fascicles in the human postfetal life. PMID- 6973524 TI - Attempts at determination of the phases of maturation and involution of the sow corpus luteum. PMID- 6973526 TI - [The chemotherapeutic treatment with co-trimoxazole i.m. An experience report from 12 established physicians]. AB - The local tolerance of a new mode of application of Cotrimoxazole (Eusaprim i.m.) was tested in 104 patients by 12 general practitioners in the region of Northern Bavaria. The patients received 1--2 injections, after which the assessment of local tolerance of the injection was done.. Parameters were the subjective statements by the patients and the objective findings by the physicians. 102 out of 104 patients reported about a good or acceptable tolerance. The physicians found a good tolerance in 99 cases and an average one in 5 patients. PMID- 6973525 TI - [The antipyretic effects of aminopyrine and sodium acetylsalicylate on endotoxin induced fever in rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - The antipyretic effects of aminopyrine and sodium acetylsalicylate on endotoxin induced fever in rabbits were studied relative to the route and dose of administration. Intravenous administration of aminopyrine produced a marked antipyretic effect, intracisternal administration produced a lesser effect and i.v. was the effective route. Similar results were obtained in the nonfebrile rabbits. On the contrary, the intracisternal administration of sodium acetylsalicylate reduced the body temperature to the same degree both in febrile and nonfebrile rabbits, but sodium acetylsalicylate given i.v. to nonfebrile rabbits did not reduce the body temperature. 4-aminoantipyrine and N-acetyl-4 aminoantipyrine, the major metabolites of aminopyrine had a lesser effect in the febrile rabbits. Antipyretic effects of sodium salicylate, the metabolite of sodium acetylsalicylate were similar to the effects of sodium acetylsalicylate. These data suggest that the antipyretic effects of aminopyrine may not be involved in the CNS, while the antipyretic effects of salicylate may be due to a direct action on the CNS. PMID- 6973523 TI - Hormonal effects on the number of binuclear cells in the growing rat liver. PMID- 6973527 TI - [BCG vaccination and manifest tuberculosis]. AB - Due to the findings in 10 children with tuberculosis, which has been proved by cultural methods or animal test, it is advisable to take the following into consideration: The possibility of tuberculosis must be assumed for each BCG vaccination child, that shows symptoms of disease of uncertain aetiology and that has had or might have had contact with a person with active tuberculosis. Among the diagnostic procedure proof and typing of the tubercle bacillus are considered to be most important. PMID- 6973529 TI - [A histochemical and biochemical study on fibrinolysis inhibitor of the human arterial wall (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973531 TI - [Importance of determining alpha-1-antitrypsin in the evaluation of ankylosing spondylarthritis]. PMID- 6973530 TI - [Improved myocardial function after transluminal coronary angioplasty (author's transl)]. AB - To assess the results of transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA), 42 patients (mean age 50 years) with for coronary artery disease were investigated at rest and during exercise with the ECG (n = 40), thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy (n = 23) and equilibrium-radionuclide ventriculography (n = 32). Each method of stress testing was quantified: the exercise ECG by means of an ischemia score, incremented with increasing ST-segment depression and decremented as a function of duration of exercise and workload in watts; thallium-201 scintigraphy by means of an index for minimal to maximal perfusion region (vitality index) and redistribution factors; equilibrium-radionuclide ventriculography by means of global ejection fraction and maximum systolic volume change with respect to the end-diastolic volume. The patients were divided into three groups: 30 had successful TCA defined as demonstrating at least a 20% reduction in the stenosis; six underwent aortocoronary bypass operation (nine grafts; complete revascularization in four patients); and in six patients TCA was unsuccessful. TCA was successful in 24 LAD stenoses, 5 RCA stenoses, and in one proximal anastomosis of an aortocoronary bypass graft. Dilatation could not be achieved in three LAD stenoses and three stenoses of the RCA. In those in whom it was successful, TCA yielded an average reduction of coronary artery stenosis from 84 to 43%. Both TCA and bypass operation (OP) led to comparable degrees of functional improvement. The ischemia score decreased from 2.8 to 0.9 after TCA and from 1.6 to 0 after OP. The vitality index increased from 67 to 77% and from 74 to 81% after TCA and OP respectively while the corresponding redistribution factors decreased (TCA: at 1 hour from 5 to 1% and at 3.5 hours from 11 to 4%; OP: at 1 hour from 2.2 to 1.4% and at 3.5 hours from 7.6 to 4.1%. The global ejection fractions at rest improved from 46 to 52% and from 38 to 45% and during exercise from 42 to 50% and from 36 to 43% after TCA and OP respectively. The maximum--dV/dt/EDV increased at rest (TCA: from 2.7 to 3.5 per second; OP: from 2.1 to 3.8 per second) and during exercise (TCA: from 3.1 to 4.0 per second; OP: from 2.6 to 3.3 per second). In the group with unsuccessful TCA, no significant differences in the latter parameters were observed. Ten of the 30 patients who had undergone successful dilatation were reinvestigated after three months. Maintenance of good functional results could be documented in eight while deterioration was seen in two patients, one with a significant restenosis and one who developed a new narrowing distal to the successfully dilated stenosis. Thus, the results show that in selected cases, TCA can render improved ventricular function and perfusion comparable to that of aortocoronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6973528 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage--angiodysplasia]. AB - Clinico-pathological conference on the clinical picture of angiodysplasia--a rare source of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In patients with relevant hemorrhagic symptomatology (tarry stools, anemia, possibly hemorrhagic shock), the diagnosis is established with the aid of angiography and endoscopy. Treatment consists in the resection of the section of bowel involved. PMID- 6973532 TI - Relation between sister chromatid exchange, cell proliferation and proportion of B and T cells in human lymphocyte cultures. AB - Human B and T lymphocytes differ in the rate of cell proliferation and frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) when cultured separately in short-term cultures. This difference could theoretically be responsible for part of the variation in the SCE-frequency previously observed among healthy subjects since there is individual variation in the proportion of B and T cells in the peripheral blood. We have therefore studied cell proliferation and SCE-frequency in conventional short-term cultures of lymphocytes from 28 healthy subjects with different proportions of B and T cells. The percentage of B or T lymphocytes did not correlate with the SCE-frequency, nor with the rate of cell proliferation in culture. However, a significantly higher SCE-frequency was found in slowly proliferating cultures than in cultures with a high rate of turn over. Thus, the rate of cell proliferation appears to be an important determinant of the SCE frequency in conventional lymphocyte cultures. Although the data do not exclude attribution of the difference in SCE- frequency between rapidly and slowly growing cultures to differences in subpopulations of lymphocytes, it appears less likely that B and T cells constitute these tentative subpopulations. PMID- 6973533 TI - Gc, Tf, Hp subtype and alpha 1-antitrypsin polymorphisms in a Pygmy Bi-Aka sample. AB - Protein polymorphism is studied in more than 900 serum samples during different investigations conducted in a Bi Aka Pygmy group. The Gc, Tf and alpha 1 antitrypsin subtype polymorphisms were determined after isoelectric focusing while the haptoglobins alpha and alpha 2-peptides were studied on PAGE. A high frequency of the Hp2 gene is noted while Hp1F and Hp1S gene frequencies are similar. According to the Gc1S and Gc2 gene frequencies this group falls within the cluster of the melanoderm populations such as the Sara, Bantu and Peulhs. The two subtypes of TfC1 and TfC2 are present in this sample. TfC3 is absent. The TfD1 variant frequency is one of the highest observed in African groups. The alpha 1-antitrypsin polymorphism corresponds to the presence of the three PiM subtypes. No other variants are observed, neither PiS nor PiZ. For the first time a highly significant association is described between the TfD1 and Gc1A1 (GcAb) genes. Family pedigrees do not permit the ascertainment of the linkage between the two loci. PMID- 6973535 TI - Glycolipid and p 40 are the binding sites in the sheep erythrocyte and T lymphocyte membrane responsible for rosette formation. AB - By coupling the major glycoprotein and total glycolipid of the sheep erythrocyte membrane to agarose beads it could be demonstrated that only lipid-beads formed rosettes with peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lipid-beads and sheep erythrocytes formed double rosettes with peripheral blood lymphocytes. Trypsinization of lymphocytes destroyed the rosette formation with lipid-beads. Subfractionation of the lipid by thin-layer chromatography revealed 8 different subfractions, 3 of them when coupled to agarose beads showed rosette formation. When the lipid was coupled to radioactive albumin, a protection of molecular weight 40,000 was labeled in two T-lymphocyte plasma membranes but not in B-lymphocyte plasma membranes. It is concluded that a lipid-protection interaction, involving the lipid of the erythrocyte and the p40 of the lymphocyte membrane, is responsible for rosette formation of T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6973534 TI - alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype and gene distribution in Southern Italy. AB - Sera from 150 individuals from Southern Italy were screened for alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) types. The frequencies of the Pi alleles were compared with those found in Northern Italy and Central/Southern Italy. The PiS frequency in our sample (0.02667) was lower than that found in Central/Southern Italy (0.0670) but matched with the result obtained in Northern Italy (0.0297). The gene frequencies for subtypes of M in Northern and Southern Italy are presented. PMID- 6973536 TI - Suppression of B-memory cell function by polyclonal lymphocyte activators. AB - When various polyclonal lymphocyte activators (PLA), such as the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPS-K), E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concanavalin A (Con A), dextran sulfate (DS), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were injected into mice primed with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), anti-SRBC secondary plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in vitro of their spleen cells to SRBC and to polyclonal B cell activatory (PBA) were more or less decreased. The decrease in the responsiveness was accompanied by the decrease in the number of SRBC-specific rosette-forming cells (RFC) of B-cell type (B memory cells). This resulted neither from emigration of RFC out of the spleen, nor from change of RFC to antibody-forming cells. Further, we revealed that the decreased responsiveness occurs exclusively in the B cell-rich fraction of the spleen cells from PLA-treated SRBC-primed mice, but not in their T cell rich fraction. It is concluded therefore that PLA exhibited a common action to reduce selectively B-memory cell function by decreasing the number of B memory cells without differentiation to their end cells, although the strength of the action of various PLA varied. PMID- 6973537 TI - Self-reactive T cells. IV. Self-reactive T cells induce polyclonal differentiation of IgM-producing B cells in vivo and in vitro. AB - Intravenous injection of lymphoblasts (generated in vitro by different T- or B specific mitogens) induced a polyclonal activation of IgM-producing B cells in vivo in the spleens of syngeneic recipient mice. This polyclonal differentiation of host-derived B cells to IgM-producing plaque-forming cells was stimulated by host-derived self-reactive T cells activated in the splenic lymphoid cell population in response to the syngeneic lymphoblast graft. We found a stable factor in the supernatants of cultures of proliferating self-reactive T cells that induced (antigen-independent) polyclonal maturation, but not proliferation of IgM-producing B cells. PMID- 6973539 TI - Density gradient analysis of human active rosette forming T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6973538 TI - Self-reactive T cells. V. T cell-mediated suppression of B cell responsiveness to LPS. AB - The intravenous injection of polyclonally activated lymphoblasts elicited a proliferative T cell reaction in the spleens of syngeneic recipient mice. In the non-fractionated cell populations obtained from these spleens 6 days after lymphoblast transfer, the LPS-induced proliferation and differentiation of B cells in vitro was suppressed. This suppressive effect was mediated by T cells, as i) treatment with anti-Thy-1 antiserum plus complement restored responsiveness of B cells to LPS in the spleen cell population that had responded in vivo to a syngeneic lymphoblast graft, and ii) the responsiveness of B cells to LPS was not impaired in non-fractionated spleen cell populations of nu/nu mice injected with syngeneic lymphoblasts. The relationship of this nonspecific T suppressor cell activity to the previously described non-specific T helper cell activity for B cell activation is discussed. PMID- 6973540 TI - Effects of fluoxetine on a specific serotonergic syndrome in rats. PMID- 6973541 TI - Inhibitory effect on the blastogenic response to mitogen by placental protein SP 1. PMID- 6973542 TI - The adverse effects of antipyretics in measles. PMID- 6973543 TI - Proliferative responses of central and peripheral rat lymphocytes elicited by cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate). AB - Cord factor--a mixture of 6,6'-diesters of alpha, alpha-D-trehalose with natural mycolic acids--which is purified from mycobacteria and other microorganisms, is known to have adjuvant activity as well as to enhance nonspecific resistance to infections and tumor development. In this work, trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) was found to induce proliferative responses in rat thymus and lymph node cells. With the thymus cells, TDM responses were greater after removal of the adherent cell subpopulation. Consistent with this observation was the finding that addition of phagocytic cells purified from peritoneal or lymph node cell suspensions to nonadherent thymocytes abrogated the response of thymocytes to TDM. With the lymph node cells, the presence or removal of adherent cells had no major consequence on the TDM-induced proliferative response, since similar increases in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis were observed with unfractionated and nonadherent cells. The difference between the sensitivities of thymus cells and lymph node cells to regulation by adherent cells indicated the existence of more than one type of TDM responder cell in rats. TDM also displayed marked stimulatory activity on thymus and lymph node cells from germ-free rats, ruling out the possibility that TDM might have triggered a specific, secondary, in vitro immune response. Expansion of a selected cell population(s) triggered by TDM may be involved in the manifestation of adjuvant activity and possibly other immunological properties of cord factor. PMID- 6973544 TI - Dynamics of B-lymphocytes in the lungs of mice exposed to aerosolized influenza virus. AB - Immunoglobulin-containing cells were revealed by immunofluorescence in lung sections from mice infected with influenza virus by the aerosol route. The numbers of immunoglobulin A (IgA)- and IgM-containing cells were increasing by day 3 of the infection, whereas IgG-containing cells appeared a few days later. The responding B-cell populations appeared in two principal locations: along major airways and in consolidated lesions within lung parenchyma. IgA-containing cells were the most numerous isotype, occurring predominantly in the lamina propria of the airways. IgG-containing cells were the least frequently encountered class along airways and appeared most often within consolidated lung lesions in clustered groupings. Cells staining for mu chain appeared along the airways and in lung lesions. The population of IgM-containing cells declined approximately 30 days after infection. Cells producing alpha and gamma chains were still numerous on day 46. Assays for virus-reactive antibodies in lung secretions were positive on day 8 of the infection. The IgM titers were the first to decline, but virus-binding antibodies for all classes were still present on day 33. The implications of immune responses in viral pneumonitis were considered. PMID- 6973546 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with chronic dermatophytosis. AB - T lymphocytes with Fc receptors for IgM (Tm cells) or IgG (Tg cells), known under certain conditions to exert help or suppression, and T-helper and T-suppressor cells, defined by fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies, were determined in 7 patients with chronic dermatophytosis. There appeared to be a relation between severity of the disease and decreased proportion of Tm cells with concomitant increase of Tg cells. However, only in 1 severe case there was also a shift of T-helper and T-suppressor cells as defined by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6973549 TI - X-irradiation of human cells in culture in the presence of haematoporphyrin. PMID- 6973548 TI - Thiopyronine-sensitized photodynamic effect on RNA synthesis in Saccharomyces cells in vivo. AB - The effect of photodynamic treatment with thiopyronine and visible light on RNA metabolism in yeast cells was investigated at different times during logarithmic growth. The results show that RNA synthesis in the nucleus of the cells is not directly inhibited photodynamically. In the endoplasmic reticulum of photodynamically treated cells one finds mRNA in about the same relative amounts and quality as in untreated control cells, but the binding of polysomes on membranes in the cytoplasm as the first step of protein synthesis is inhibited for a long time after treatment as well as the synthesis of ribosomes. PMID- 6973547 TI - Depression of contact sensitivity to oxazolone by the paramyxovirus of Newcastle disease. Impairment by infectious virus of effector T cells which mediate the response to contactant. AB - The paramyxovirus of Newcastle disease (NDV) impairs the contact sensitivity to oxazolone in CBA/J mice: in vitro treatment with the infectious virus inhibits the passive transfer of contact sensitivity. Experiments performed with three different virus preparations demonstrate that only the infectious virus is able to inhibit the hypersensitivity reaction while treatment of virus by heat or ultraviolet irradiation wipes out its inhibitory activity. These results suggest that I-NDV depresses the response to oxazolone by its action on T immunoblasts which mediate the response to contactant. PMID- 6973545 TI - Cellular and humoral immunity in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Cellular and humoral immunity was studied in 26 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Results were compared with those of 14 normal controls and 11 patients suffering from other neurological disorders. It was shown that cellular and humoral immune responses are adequate in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The persistently elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA indicated a persistent infection, and their progressive rise in later stages correlated with the progressive nature of the illness. IgG progressively increased with the clinical stage in the cerebrospinal fluid unaccompanied by a corresponding rise in the measles antibody titer. This suggests that antigenic determinants other than those tested play a role in the production of IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid. The progressive increase in the ratio of cerebrospinal fluid to serum IgG with the advance of the disease suggests synthesis of IgG locally in the central nervous system. Elevated measles antibody titer in serum and cerebrospinal fluid is a consistent aid in the diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. It is more specific in cerebrospinal fluid than in serum. Its level did not vary significantly with the clinical stages or duration of illness. Depressed serum complement activity has been detected in some subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patients in whom serum levels of the third and fourth components of the complement were normal. PMID- 6973550 TI - Actions of gamma-radiation on resealed erythrocyte ghosts. A comparison with intact erythrocytes and a study of the effects of oxygen. AB - With respect to both permeability and inactivation of membranous GAPDH, ghosts were more susceptible than erythrocytes to free radicals produced in the gamma irradiation of aqueous solutions. The rate of increase in the permeability of irradiated ghosts was immeasurably greater than that of irradiated erythrocytes, while the rate of inactivation of GAPDH was 21-fold greater. The sensitivity of ghosts to radiation damage was affected strongly by the presence of oxygen during irradiation. In the presence of air, the rates of increase of permeability and inactivation of GAPDH were 2.8- and 1.5-fold of those in the presence of N2. The use of buffer saturated with oxygen accelerated the aerobic rates of increase of permeability and inactivation of GAPDH by 60- and 2.7-fold. These results indicate that inactivation of GAPDH is somewhat sensitive to oxygen, particularly at high concentration of oxygen. Nevertheless, in air or under nitrogen, the rate of enzymic inactivation was almost an order of magnitude greater than that of increase of permeability, indicating that the former is much more sensitive to irradiation. The major mechanism of the oxygen effect observed is the ability of oxygen to increase the branching of the free radical chain reactions which propagate damage after initiation within the membrane. PMID- 6973554 TI - The influence of ionization density on the DNA synthetic phase and survival of irradiated mammalian cells. AB - Depression of the DNA synthetic rate of exponentially growing V79 cells was transient with a dose-dependent maximum at 1 hour after exposure to sparsely or densely ionizing radiation. The dose-effect curves were biphasic for 241Am alpha particles as well as for 60Co gamma-rays, being partly congruent if inhibition of DNA synthesis was expressed per S-phase cell. The lesions responsible caused a prolongation of the DNA synthetic period (S-phase) after sparsely ionizing X- or 60Co gamma-rays. However, no such effect was observed during the first 4 hours after exposure to densely ionizing alpha particles, peak pions and high LET neon ions. The effect was dose-rate independent. The inhibition of the DNA synthetic rate seems to be only partly related to survival. PMID- 6973551 TI - Dimer formation in radiation-irradiated aqueous solution of lysozyme studied by light-scattering-intensity measurement. AB - The reaction of lysozyme with OH., Br.-2 and e-aq, produced in an aqueous solution by pulsed electrons and gamma-rays, were investigated. Irradiated enzymes showed an increase in the light scattering intensity (LSI) which is proportional to the absorbed dose. Results obtained from SDS gel electrophoresis confirm dimerization of lysozyme, which is considered to be responsible for the increase in LSI. It was found that the rate constant of the dimerization of protein radicals produced in the reaction with OH. is 2K=(1.0 +/- 0.3) X 10(6)M-1 s-1 and the yield of the dimerization is 0.6 in G. The enzymatic activity of the dimer is shown to be reduced to about 30 per cent of that of the intact enzyme. It is concluded that the radiation-induced inactivation of lysozyme is largely due to dimerization. PMID- 6973553 TI - Radioprotection of normal and malignant tissue in the mouse by diethylaminoreserpine. AB - The protective effect of pre-irradiation injections of diethylaminoreserpine (DL 152) for normal and malignant tissues in the mouse has been investigated. Dose modifying factors (DMFs) obtained for normal tissue ranged from 1.0 for bone marrow CFUs to more than 1.8 for skin. The DMFs for two transplantable tumours investigated were 1.0 for the EMT6 adenocarcinoma and 1.70 for the KHT fibrosarcoma (at a surviving fraction of 0.1. Acutely hypoxic KHT tumours were protected to a slightly lesser extent than were aerated tumours. For the KHT tumour, the number of clonogenic cells recovered from non-irradiated tumours one hour after DL-152 injection was reduced to 60 per cent of the number covered fro saline-injected controls, while, if DL-152 injected mice were acutely hypoxic at the time of sacrifice, the number of clonogenic cells was further reduced. The survival of non-irradiated EMT6 tumour cells was unaffected by DL-152 injection prior to sacrifice. PMID- 6973552 TI - A study of the peroxidation of fatty acid micelles promoted by ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide and ascorbate. AB - the kinetics of peroxidation of fatty acid micelles promoted by ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide and ascorbate were compared. At the dose-rate range of ionizing radiation studied, the higher the dose-rate, the greater the total dose required to produce the same effect. With ascorbate, the rate of lipid peroxidation was dependent on the concentration of the promoter only up to 1 X 10(-4) M, beyond which a decreasing rate of peroxidation induction was observed. Higher concentration of ascorbate also suppressed the promoting effect of ionizing radiation. Formate, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, inhibited the peroxidation process promoted by these three agents. Caesium was found to be slightly inhibitory. EDTA and deoxycholate were also inhibitory, which may be attributed to iron-chelating and micelle-disrupting capacity, respectively. Addition of iron (Fe2+ or Fe3+) to EDTA-chelated fatty acid micelles re-initiated the peroxidation process. The ease of fatty acid oxidation at pH 7.5 was arochidonic (20:4) greater than linolenic (18:3) greater than linoleic (18:2). This order was reversed at pH 11.5. Similarities in the kinetics of peroxidation obtained suggest that certain biological sequelae encountered in cells treated with these seemingly dissimilar agents might arise through some common mechanism(s). PMID- 6973556 TI - Vestibular function in migraine. PMID- 6973555 TI - A new plateau in the dose-survival-time response of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) from whole body irradiation. AB - The survival time of golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) after whole-body 60Co gamma-irradiation in the range of 600 to 200 000 rad was investigated. The two plateaus of the dose-survival curve which correspond to bone marrow and gastrointestinal death are similar to those of other species such as mice, rats and mongolian gerbils. A new plateau occurring 40-57 hours after doses of 30 000 to 60 000 rad, where there is a little reduction in survival time, has been found. It is in addition to the well recognized central nevous system (CNS) syndrome. This plateau is observed only in golden hamsters, presumably because of their relatively high resistence to CNS syndrome. Experiments involved partial body irradiation of the animals indicate that the target is in the cephalic one third of abdomen. The new segment may well indicate a new type of acute somatic radiation injury different from the well known bone marrow, gastrointestinal and CNS syndromes. PMID- 6973559 TI - HLA-linked B cell alloantigens of a new segregant series: population and family studies of the SB antigens. AB - In order to define the new human histocompatibility antigens, we have generalized primed lymphocytes using responder and stimulator cells matched for all recognized HLA-linked histocompatibility antigens (A,B,C,D,DR,MB). Many such primed lymphocytes give highly discriminatory proliferative responses specific for antigens which differ between HLA-A,B,C,D,DR, and MB matched restimulating cells. Five distinct antigens have been defined which appear to be part of a single segregant series (designated "SB"). Studies in a DR/GLO recombinant family indicate that the antigens are coded by an HLA-linked gene telomeric to GLO. Family studies of 57 HLA haplotypes provide an estimate of genotype frequency which is 12% or less for four of the SB alleles but approximately 50% for the most common (SB4, which may be a "public: determinant); approximately 25% of haplotypes are blank. Population studies of one of the SB antigens (SB1) suggest that it is in linkage disequilibrium with the SB antigens are part of a highly polymorphic new segregant series of B cell alloantigens encoded by a gene that maps between HLA-B and GLO. PMID- 6973557 TI - Effects of different fixative solutions on labeling of concanavalin-A receptor sites in human T-lymphocytes. AB - We have studied the effect of several fixative solutions on the number of Concanavalin-A (Con-A) receptor sites of human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. Cells treated with different fixative solutions (glutaraldehyde (G); formaldehyde (F) G+F; osmium tetroxide (Os); Os+G; Os+F; and Os+G+F) were labeled with a Con-A gold labeled horseradish peroxidase (HRP) complex and the number of gold particles on the lymphocytic surface was evaluated. Comparison of cells treated with the different fixatives used showed significant differences in the density of labeling. After G fixation the number of gold particles was lower than after fixation with Os or F. Moreover, G used in combination with F or Os reduced the labeling obtained when the two latter fixatives were used alone. PMID- 6973560 TI - Frequency of alloantibodies reacting with PHA-activated T lymphocytes, unexplainable by known HLA activities. AB - Two hundred and three sera obtained from multiparous women were screened to determine the frequency of the appearance of antibodies reactive with PHA activated T lymphocytes, but not with resting B or T cells from the same donor. The panel of cells on which the sera were tested consisted of lymphocytes from 38 unrelated donors known to be homozygous at the HLA-D locus. Forty-two sera were shown to react uniquely with PHA-activated T cells. The reactivities of these sera could not be explained in terms of the defined HLA-A,-B,-C, or DR antigen specificities on the panel cells, nor on the basis of known cross-reactivities among these antigens. Most of the antisera showed strong cytotoxicity with the activated T cells. Such sera may define antigens presented to the maternal immune system during differentiation and development, which are not expressed on adult T cells unless they are activated. PMID- 6973563 TI - Non-specific vaginitis: its diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6973562 TI - Coagulopathies in small animals. PMID- 6973561 TI - Association of B cell alloantigen with juvenile onset diabetes mellitus in the Japanese. AB - Sixty-four Japanese insulin dependent juvenile onset diabetes mellitus (JOD) were studied in relation to HLA-A, B, and DR. Significant deviations were observed. HLA-Bw54 was increased (PF = 49.2%, RR = 6.4) and HLA-B5 was decreased (PF = 7.9%, RR = 0.19). Using radioimmunoassay, two HLA-DR antigens were investigated. Hon 7 antigen, so-called MT3 (WIA4x7), which has linkage disequilibrium between HLA-BW54, is highly associated (PF = 96.9%, RR = 27.8) with JOD found in the Japanese. PMID- 6973564 TI - After pro-drug -- mutual pro-drugs. PMID- 6973558 TI - Characterization of three different human T cell membrane antigens, two being present on T lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Heteroantisera were raised in rabbits to thymocytes, HSB2 cells, and Sezary cells. Following absorption with Ia-positive leukemia cells, these sera appeared to be specific for different T cell antigens. Both the anti-HSB2 and the anti Sezary sera reacted with approximately 50% and the antithymocyte serum with 100% of normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes. None of the sera reacted with B cells. The apparent molecular weights of the antigens being detected were determined by immunoprecipitation followed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A dimer of 170,000 daltons consisting of two similar 85,000-dalton polypeptide chains was immunoprecipitated by the anti-HSB2 serum whereas single polypeptides of 53,000 and 64,000 daltons were immunoprecipitated by the anti-Sezary and antithymocyte sera, respectively. PMID- 6973565 TI - Vestibular effects of a new aminoglycoside: sorbistin. PMID- 6973567 TI - Intragastric and intraperitoneal instillation of noradrenaline in massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (a pilot study). PMID- 6973570 TI - Biosynthesis and maturation of HLA-DR antigens in vivo. AB - The biosynthesis of the HLA-DR antigens was studied in the B lymphoblastoid cell line BRI 8. Three chains, of molecular weights 33,000 (alpha), 31,000 (p31), and 26,000 (beta) were detected intracellularly in pulse-labeled cells by immunoprecipitation with anti-(HLA-DR) sera. The alpha and beta chains were inserted asymmetrically into the rough endoplasmic reticulum as transmembrane polypeptides with the majority of the polypeptide chains oriented in the lumen. At this stage, both chains carried "high mannose" oligosaccharide units which were processed to the complex form during subsequent intracellular transport to the cell surface. The Mr = 31,000 polypeptide was also glycosylated but was structurally distinct from the alpha chain and was probably oriented differently in the lipid bilayer, with a much greater proportion of its polypeptide chain exposed in the cytoplasm. It ws not, therefore, a precursor of the alpha chain. The mature HLA-DR antigens at the plasma membrane comprised polypeptides of Mr = 34,000 and 28,000. These chains corresponded to the processed alpha and beta chains. Although the Mr = 31,000 component was only detected intracellularly, it was not ruled out that some or all of it may have been processed and exposed on the cell surface with an apparent molecular weight indistinguishable from that of the alpha chain. PMID- 6973569 TI - Human bone cells in culture metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - Bone cells respond to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) for mineral mobilization and contain receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3. We report here the expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25 (OH)D3) metabolizing enzymes in primary cultures of human bone cells, as well as n a human osteosarcoma cell line. Human bone cells were obtained by enzyme digestion of the extracellular matrix of bone from iliac crest biopsies from 3 male patients without primary bone disease. These cells were plated (5 X 10(4)/min) in medium with 10% fetal calf serum and proliferated to confluence in 10-14 days. At confluence, the medium was replaced with serum free medium. The cells were preincubated in this serum-free medium for 24 h prior to incubating them 2-4 h with [3H]25(OH)D3 (10-20 nM). The vitamin D metabolites synthesized during this incubation were extracted from the medium and cells with dichloromethane, then separated by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, followed by high performance liquid chromatography. The cells synthesized 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) with the specific activities of the 1- and 24-hydroxylases similar in magnitude to those in kidney cells in vitro. The enzymes could be regulated by external perturbations, in that the activity of the 1-hydroxylase was inhibited by preincubation of the cells for 8 h with 1,25(OH)2D3 (10 nM), whereas the 24-hydroxylase was enhanced. Incubation of the cells in a low calcium medium (0.6 mM) depressed the 24-hydroxylase activity. We conclude: 1) normal human bone cells can produce 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 in vitro in amounts similar to kidney cells, suggesting a physiological significance and 2) this synthesis could account for the increase in osteoclast number in anephric patients with renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6973566 TI - The antiviral activity of amantadine and poly (C,S4U) on influenza virus infection of infant rats. PMID- 6973568 TI - Penicillin-binding proteins of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and their membrane localization. AB - Cytoplasmic membranes (CM) prepared from both chemotrophic and phototrophic cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides possess penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), as demonstrated by binding of [125]furazlocillin to isolated membranes, the subsequent separation of the constituent PBPs by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their detection by autoradiography. The major PBP present in CM from R. sphaeroides corresponds in molecular weight to PBP-5, the predominant PBP present in CM of Escherichia coli. In contrast, the outer membrane of R. sphaeroides shows only low-level furazlocillin-binding activity on a per milligram of protein basis compared with chemotrophic CM. The intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) derived from phototrophic cells contains less than 5% of the furazlocillin-binding activity of the CM. Based on the specific localization of PBPs in the CM, it is possible to provide quantitative estimates of the extent of CM present in preparations of ICM. This method demonstrates that highly purified preparations of ICM contain less than 5% CM. Additionally, the assay for PBPs demonstrates that during ICM remodeling, which occurs upon a shift from phototrophic to chemotrophic growth, there is no significant insertion of PBPs into the ICM over the first two generations after a shift to chemotrophic growth. PMID- 6973572 TI - Alternate energy transduction routes in chemically skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibres: a further study of the effect of MgATP over a wide concentration range. AB - Complex stiffness data were studied over an extended range of MgATP concentrations (3 muM-5 nM) in single fibres of Ca2+-activated, chemically skinned adult rabbit psoas. The data were analysed in terms of a model involving three exponential processes, the presence of which was previously observed in fully activated muscles. As fibres were transferred from a rigor solution into solutions of gradually increasing MgATP concentration, the three processes appeared sequentially, each with a unique Km. The order of appearance as MgATP increase is (1) the slowest of three processes [designated process (A)], (2) the fastest of the three processes [designated (C)], and (3) process (B), which occupies the middle range of frequencies; the KmS are approximately 10 muM, 0.2 mM, and 0.8 mM, respectively. The single phase advance [process (A)] remaining at very low substrate concentrations was found to be better described by a distribution of rate constants than by a single rate constant. The influence of substrate concentration on these processes is examined and two parallel hydrolysis routes are suggested as a possible mechanism. PMID- 6973571 TI - Rapid presumptive identification of Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis) from human blood agar media. AB - Presumptive identification of Gardnerella vaginalis from 48-h human blood agar cultures by using a Gram stain, hemolysis, and colonial morphology was highly accurate. PMID- 6973573 TI - Characterization of a non-T, non-B human lymphocyte (L cell) with use of monoclonal antibodies. Its regulatory role in B lymphocyte function. AB - These studies investigate the role of L lymphocytes in regulating terminal B lymphocyte differentiation. L cells have abundant Fc IgG receptors and comprise 10--15% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). L cells lack the conventional markers of B and T lymphocytes and in culture, do not develop into B cells, T cells, or macrophages. Additionally, use of monoclonal antibodies failed to detect on L cells, surface antigens specific for B cells, T cells, and macrophages. In these studies, purified L cell subpopulations depleted of macrophages were co-cultured with autologous PBMC in the presence of pokeweed mitogen and at the end of 8 d, development of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig) was determined. L cells were depleted of B and T cells by rosetting techniques and, in addition, by cytotoxicity techniques using monoclonal-specific antisera to T cells. In 14 individuals, L cells when co-cultured with PBMC, enhanced Ig synthesis by 83% +/- 62 SD, and also enhanced cell proliferation. Radiated L cells lost enhancing properties. To study the role of their high density Fc IgG receptors, L cells pretreated with IgG antibody-sensitized erythrocytes were used (i.e., after lysis of rosettes). Such L cells significantly inhibited Ig synthesis (by greater than 50%) despite promoting cell proliferation. Antibody-sensitized erythrocyte-rosetted macrophages did not inhibited Ig synthesis. Thus, positive and negative influences can be mediated by the same cell, depending on the state of Fc-receptor stimulation. Such cells may play a more prominent role in "feed-back" regulation of Ig synthesis by virtue of having abundant Fc IgG receptors. PMID- 6973574 TI - Neurogenesis in the trigeminal ganglion of the albino rat: a quantitative autoradiographic study. AB - The time of neuron origin in the trigeminal ganglion was examined in autoradiograms of 60-day-old rats that were exposed to a single pulse of 3H thymidine on day 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 of gestation. Heavily labeled neurons, representing cells in or near their last mitotic division at the time of the pulse label, were present in animals injected between embryonic days 11 and 13 with a peak on day 12. Within this time period, larger neurons were generated prior to smaller neurons with a peak for larger cells on day 12 and for smaller cells on day 13. Thus, the majority of trigeminal ganglion neurons are generated over a three-day period just after the midpoint of gestation. Neuron number, size, type, and cytoarchitectural organization were also examined in the ganglion. The mean neuron count per ganglion was 52,372. The size distribution of these cells ranged continuously from 7-61 microns (mean diameter) with no evidence for clearly defined subpopulations. The staining intensity and distribution patterns of the Nissl substance varied greatly from cell to cell precluding the classification of cells as light or dark. Little correspondence between these Nissl features and cell size was found. Among the clusters and rows of neurons in the ganglion, we did not see consistent cytoarchitectonic patterns which might reflect specific sensory receptive fields. PMID- 6973575 TI - An investigation into the observed sex difference in prevalence of unipolar depression. PMID- 6973577 TI - Demonstration of a C1q receptor on the surface of human endothelial cells. AB - A receptor for C1q on the surface of human endothelial cells has been demonstrated. This receptor is present on the surface of viable cultured endothelial cells derived from human umbilical veins, and C1q binding can also be demonstrated to the endothelial lining cells of human umbilical artery and vein on frozen tissue sections. Receptors for the complement components C3b and C3d were not detected on tissue sections or endothelial cells in suspension. Endothelial cell C1q receptors are discussed in relationship to possible immune complex localization in vivo. PMID- 6973576 TI - Induction of human immunoglobulin secretion. I. Synergistic effect of B cell mitogen Cowan I plus T cell mitogens or factors. AB - Synergistic effects of B cell mitogen Staphylococcus bacteria strain Cowan I (Cowan I) plus T cell mitogens in generating immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were investigated. ISC were assayed by reverse plaque-forming cells with protein A-coated red blood cells. Low concentrations of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) plus Cowan I gave superadditive effects on ISC induction, generating 3 to 10 times as many ISC as optimal amounts of either mitogen alone. The mitogens together and separately showed similar kinetics of ISC; synergy was observed at every day tested. Plaque-forming cells of IgM, IgG, and IgA classes all showed strong synergy, together routinely representing 20% of initial MNC. At day 7 of culture, over 80% of non-E-rosetting cells were ISC. Cell donors tested gave these strong responses even if they were low responders to either mitogen alone. Cowan I plus other T cell mitogens, PHA, Con A, and protein A, also provided good signals for B cell activation. Cowan I induced marked proliferation of purified B cells, but T cell-helper signals were required for differentiation to ISC. T cell-helper factor, induced by PWM or PHA, also showed synergistic effects with Cowan I in induction of ISC. Purified B cells did not respond to T cell-helper factor(s) alone to proliferate or differentiate to ISC. These results indicate that optimal ISC induction occurs with a B cell mitogen plus T cell signals acting synergistically. PMID- 6973578 TI - Quantitative studies on concanavalin A-induced, TCGF-reactive T cells. I. Correlation between proliferation and lectin-dependent cytolytic activity. AB - A limiting dilution assay was used to determine the frequencies of T cells that could be induced to proliferate and kill by Con A and TCGF. The frequency of proliferating cells was 1 in 5 nylon wool-purified spleen cells and 1 in 7 normal lymph node cells. The frequencies in the same cell populations of lectin dependent killer cell precursors were 1 in 5 and 1 in 9, respectively. Even at limiting numbers of T cells seeded per culture, very few cultures proliferated without showing cytotoxic activity. Thus, under these conditions Con A and TCGF, preferentially if not exclusively, activate T cells that will kill in the presence of PHA. This experimental system can be used for estimating the repertoires of specific CTL-precursors activated by Con A and expanded in TCGF. PMID- 6973580 TI - Stimulation of anti-influenza cytolytic T lymphocytes by CNBr cleavage fragments of the viral hemagglutinin. AB - Purified hemagglutinin of influenza virus, subtype A/Jap/305/57 (H2/N2) was cleaved with CNBr, and the resulting fragments were capable of stimulating H-2 restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes in vitro from spleen cells of mice immunized previously with A/Jap/305/57. When the peptides were separated by high performance liquid chromatography, stimulatory activity was confined primarily to a series of peptides contained within a limited chromatographic range. The majority of the lytic activity was specific for cells infected with A/Jap virus, although a small amount of cross-reactive killing of A/PR/8/34-(H0/N1) infected cells could not be excluded. These results demonstrated that H-2-restricted influenza viral-specific CTL could be generated by fragments of a complex polypeptide antigen, the influenza hemagglutinin, and offer the possibility of analyzing specific antigenic determinants recognized by cytolytic T cells. PMID- 6973582 TI - Lactoferrin binding to human peripheral blood cells: an interaction with a B enriched population of lymphocytes and a subpopulation of adherent mononuclear cells. PMID- 6973579 TI - Immunoregulatory changes induced by total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). I. Appearance of a population of cells bearing the thymus leukemia (TL) surface antigen in the lymph nodes and spleen. AB - BALB/c mice were treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI; 3400 rads) or single-dose, whole-body irradiation (WBI; 550 rads), and the lymph nodes and spleen were assayed for the level of H-2, Ia, Thy-1.2, Lyt-1.2, Lyt-2.2,3.2, and TL-bearing cells by an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The level of cells bearing all these markers, except for TL, was similar to that observed in normal unirradiated mice. The level of TL+ cells was increased 10- to 20-fold in the TLI treated mice as compared to WBI-treated mice or normals. The increased number of TL+ cells persisted for at lest 200 days after radiotherapy, and was not dependent upon irradiation of the thymus. However, thymectomy before TLI prevented the subsequent development of peripheral TL+ cells. The findings suggest that this abnormal subpopulation of T cells develops as a result of changes in the peripheral lymphoid tissue microenvironment induced by TLI. PMID- 6973581 TI - Serum-mediated suppression of nonspecific B cell activation. II. Relative resistance of B cells from the NZB mouse strain to regulation by a natural inhibitor in normal mouse serum. AB - Recent work has shown that normal mouse serum (NMS) and plasma contain inhibitory substance(s), termed NMS-In, that suppress proliferative and polyclonal antibody responses elicited in vitro with various B cell mitogens. In this study, the NZB mouse, which has a high degree of spontaneous polyclonal B cell activity, was examined for possible reduced amounts of NMS-In. Also, the capacity of NZB B cells to be inhibited by NMS-In was determined. It was found that sera from NZB mice had normal amounts of NMS-In, as assessed by inhibition of mitogenesis of spleen cells in culture induced by bacterial endotoxin (ET). However, B cells of the NZB mouse were found to be abnormal, requiring approximately 4 to 7 times more NMS-In to inhibit polyclonal antibody synthesis and mitogenesis elicited by ET than B cells of more immunologically normal mice. Removal of T cells by treatment with anti-thy 1.2 and complement did not change the sensitivity of the NZB B cells to NMS-In. Insensitivity to NMS-In was expressed in B cells from relatively young NZB mice, e.g., 9 to 15 wk of age. The relative resistance of B cells of the NZB mouse to regulation by a natural inhibitor in NMS could partially serve to explain their high level of spontaneous antibody synthesis. Furthermore, the fact that B cells of the NZB mouse were ultimately susceptible to inhibition by relatively large amounts of NMS-In affords the opportunity in the future to suppress polyclonal antibody activity in the NZB mouse with purified NMS-In in an attempt to ameliorate autoimmune disease. PMID- 6973583 TI - Reciprocal transfer of abnormalities in clonable B lymphocytes and myeloid progenitors between NZB and DBA/2 mice. AB - Previous studies in this laboratory revealed that NZB mice have abnormalities of myeloid progenitor populations from an early age such that they are poorly responsive to a particular type of colony-stimulating activity (CSA). In addition, these mice develop abnormally high numbers of B cells that can be cloned in semisolid agar cultures and that are atypical in resisting inhibition by anti-mu antibodies. To investigate whether these abnormalities, like other autoimmune phenomena studied previously, are transferrable with hemopoietic cell grafts, we performed reciprocal bone marrow transplants between NZB and normal DBA/2 mice. Irradiated control mice given syngeneic marrow did not change with respect to any of the parameters that were measured. In contrast, DBA/2 recipients of NZB marrow were indistinguishable from NZB mice in terms of CSA responses and incidences of anti-mu resistant B cells. The proportions but not total numbers of clonable B cells ere elevated in these mice until at least 16 wk after grafting. Conversely, NZB mice given DBA/2 cells had all of the normal characteristics of DBA/2 mice. Transplantation did not cause significant changes in hematocrits, reticulocyte counts, or spleen weights. Therefore, all elements necessary for expression of these lymphoid and nonlymphoid abnormalities of NZB mice are intrinsic to radiosensitive hemopoietic cells. PMID- 6973584 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors and in vitro corticosensitivity of peanut-positive and peanut-negative human thymocyte subpopulations. AB - In 6 human thymus glands, the immature subset of thymocytes was separated from the more mature one, by differential peanut lectin agglutination. These 2 cell subpopulations were analyzed for glucocorticoid receptor content by using a whole cell assay, with (3H)-triamcinolone acetonide as tracer. The unagglutinated thymocytes (peanut negative) contained about 2 times more receptor sites per cell than agglutinated (peanut positive) ones (7650 +/- 1550 S.D. verus 3195 +/- 896 S.D.). The affinity for steroid was similar in both cell subsets, as was the stereospecificity for glucocorticoids, the time-course of steroid-receptor association, and cytoplasmic to nuclear translocation. Despite the greater number of glucocorticoid receptor sites, the peanut-negative thymocyte subpopulation did not differ from the peanut-positive one in its sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of triamcinolone acetonide, as determined by measurements of the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors of protein and DNA. Moreover, the peanut negative subset appeared more resistant in vitro to the steroid-induced cell lysis as compared to the peanut-positive one. Thus, our data suggest that glucocorticoid receptor density and corticosensitivity are not directly correlated and that the number of glucocorticoid receptor sites may be dependent on the degree of immunologic maturation. PMID- 6973586 TI - Lymphocyte mediation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage metabolism. AB - LPS activation of murine macrophage metabolism and arginase production may be mediated by products of B lymphocytes. Splenic nonadherent cells, containing both B and T lymphocytes, splenic T cells, and thymocytes all stimulated macrophage glucose metabolism in co-culture. Supernatants derived from preculturing each of these cells in the absence of serum or other exogenous stimulant were also active in enhancing macrophage glucose utilization. When lipopolysaccharides were used to stimulate the lymphocyte populations, only the B lymphocyte containing NASC and purified B cells exhibited increased stimulatory activity. Thus, it appears that LPS does not directly activate T cells to produce macrophage-activating factors. The converse does not appear to be true, however, because LPS-stimulated macrophages enabled thymocytes to exhibit an enhanced ability to stimulate further macrophage glucose utilization. The active supernatant from NASC was heat resistant and remains to be chemically defined. These experiments clearly demonstrate that LPS-induced macrophage activation may be mediated by the products of lymphocytes, and that products derived from nonactivated lymphocytes are capable of stimulating macrophage metabolism and arginase production. PMID- 6973585 TI - Changes in lectin receptor lateral mobilities accompany lymphocyte stimulation. AB - Changes in lateral mobilities of rabbit lymphocyte membrane components in response to succinyl concanavalin A (S Con A) have been studied by fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR). During hrs 0 to 3 after exposure to S Con A, lectin receptor mobilities on both T and B cells fall about 2-fold. Reduced mobility of T cell lectin receptors persists until hr 18. From hr 18 to 24 rapid recovery of original mobility occurs if and only if lectin is present. In contrast, nonresponding B cells recover original receptor mobility gradually over hr 4 to 48. Metabolic inhibitors added at hr 3 restore original receptor mobilities, but cytoskeletal disruptors have this effect on T cells only. From hr 0 to 15, washing lectin from the cell surface is decreasingly effective in restoring T cell receptor mobility. After hr 15, mobility cannot be enhance by lectin removal. Parallel DNA synthesis studies show that, for T cell stimulation, lectin must be present on the cell surface during hr 0 to 3 and 18 to 24. These are the periods when FPR measurements show lectin receptor mobilities being restricted and released, respectively. Stimulation of B cells by anti-Ig shows several interesting features. First, stimulation by intact anti-Ig fails to reduce the mobilities of Con A receptors in a manner similar to that produced by S Con A. Second, S Con A does reduce mobility of surface Ig. Thus, Con A receptors would appear to exert a unique anchorage modulation of mobilities of other membrane molecules. PMID- 6973591 TI - A radioactive antigen-binding assay for the measurement of antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide. AB - A new polyethylene glycol (PEG) radioimmunoprecipitation assay was developed for the detection of antibody to Haemophilus influenzae b capsular polysaccharide, polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP). The radioactive antigen, [3H]PRP, with a high specific activity, was produced by growing the organism in the presence of [3H]ribose and was purified by hydroxylapatite and Sepharose 4B column chromatography. In the assay, PEG (12.5%) was used to separate antibody-bound [3H]PRP from free [3H]PRP. The assay covered the range of 0.5 and 20 ng antibody/assay at a maximum sensitivity of 0.5 approximately 1.0 ng antibody/assay. With various dilutions (1-20 ng antibody/assay) of S. Klein reference antiserum, the within-run coefficient of variation (CV) of 10 replicates ranged from 3.5 to 8.5%. Average CVs of 8.9% and 11.0% were obtained in the between-run and day-to-day reproducibility studies. The binding of [3H]PRP to S. Klein reference antiserum was severely inhibited by a minute amount of non radioactive PRP; however, no significant interference was found in the presence of high concentrations of polysaccharides from Escherichia coli K100 and Streptococcus pneumoniae indicating that the RIA was highly specific for antibody to H. influenzae b PRP. The present RIA is a simple, specific, sensitive and reproducible procedure for the evaluation of antibody responses of young animals and infants to H. influenzae b vaccines and infections. PMID- 6973589 TI - Detection and characterization of lymphocytes bearing receptors for peanut agglutinin by a specific rosetting technique. AB - Murine lymphocytes bearing receptors for peanut agglutinin (PNA) have been visualized using a specific rosetting technique. The lymphocytes were incubated with PNA and mixed with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells. The percentage of the PNA rosetting lymphocytes found in the various organs studied was dependent upon the PNA concentration. In the spleen, the PNA rosetting lymphocytes were primarily T cells with low PNA concentration while both T and B lymphocytes were rosetted with high PNA concentration. In the fetal liver and thymus PNA rosetting lymphocytes were present in small amounts early in fetal life, increasing and reaching adult levels by late fetal life. The present study shows that the rosetting technique is more sensitive than previously described techniques for the detection of various lymphocyte subpopulation having receptors for PNA. PMID- 6973587 TI - Immunoglobulin-bearing cells are a target for the antigen-induced inhibition of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated antibody production. AB - In vivo immunization with tetanus toxoid causes the appearance of B cells in the circulation that can produce IgG-antitetanus toxoid antibody in vitro after stimulation by T cells and pokeweed mitogen. Addition of soluble tetanus toxoid to these cultures, however, causes a profound inhibition of the in vitro IgG, but not IgM, antitetanus toxoid antibody production. Treatment of the lymphocytes with 10 microgram of tetanus toxoid for as little as 1 hr at 37 degrees C was sufficient to promote this antigen-specific inhibition. The antigen could be added, however, as late as 3 days after the culture initiation for the inhibition to be observed. Cell separation studies indicated that the inhibitory activity could be found in both the E-rosette positive and E-rosette negative populations. Further studies on the non-E-rosetting cells showed that: 1) inhibition induced in antigen-treated cells could not be transferred to untreated cells; 2) adherent cells were not responsible for the inhibition; 3) treatment of the surface Ig+ cells with antigen was sufficient for the inhibitory effects; and 4) in vivo generated lymphoblastoid cells that produce IgG-antitetanus toxoid antibody in vitro but are surface Ig- were not inhibited by soluble antigen. The results in this study thus indicate that cells in both the E-rosette positive and negative subsets can be responsible for the antigen-induced inhibition of in vitro antibody production observed in the majority of immunized donors. PMID- 6973588 TI - Anti-double strand (ds) DNA antibody formation by NZB/W (F1) spleen cells in a microculture system detected by solid phase radioimmunoassay. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay method was devised to detect mouse anti-double strand (ds) DNA antibody. This method could easily detect the anti-dsDNA antibody in 1 : 10,000 dilutions (1 unit) of pooled 9-10-month-old female NZB/W F1 sera. The sensitivity was about 10(3)- and 10(2)-fold higher than that of the modified Farr method and of the double antibody technique respectively. NZB/W mice developed high titer anti-dsDNA antibody as they grew older. Spleen cells brought to a microculture system using flat-bottomed polystyrene plates produced anti dsDNA antibody clearly detectable by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Anti-dsDNA antibody produced in vitro (y units) was in close correlation with the anti-dsDNA antibody titer of the spleen donor (x units) (y = 4.8 X 10(-2) x -65, gamma = 0.94, P less than 0.001). A combination of the microculture system and solid phase radioimmunoassay was recommended for the characterization of anti-dsDNA antibody-forming cells. PMID- 6973590 TI - Rapid kinetic method for detection of complement-mediated damage to nucleated cells. PMID- 6973592 TI - Measurement of immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro using a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay. AB - A simple solid-phase immunoradiometric assay for IgG and IgM is described. Supernatants from lymphocyte cultures are incubated in microtitre plates which have been precoated with anti-IgG or anti-IgM. Subsequent binding of 125I labelled anti-immunoglobulin is measured and IgG and IgM in supernatants are estimated from the standard curve constructed for each assay. The assay is specific for human IgG and IgM, is able to detect nanogram amounts and offers advantages over other techniques for evaluating in vitro lymphocyte function. PMID- 6973593 TI - Production of human T-lymphocyte clones. I. monoclonal culture and functional cytotoxic maturation. AB - Well-defined clones of human T-lymphocytes were produced and monoclonal T-cell cultures were maintained for long periods of time. Single T-lymphocytes were isolated with the help of a micropipette from PBL cultures prior to any cellular stimulation (MLC), collected separately at the bottom of a 200 microliter tissue culture microwell under the control of stereomicroscopic observation, and cultured with irradiated lymphoid cells in the presence of TCGF. After 12 days, 20-50% of the seeded wells exhibited clones of 3 x 104-105 T-lymphocytes, which were transferred to larger tissue culture wells (2 ml, LINBRO) for long-term culture. Recloning of the growing cloned cells under the same conditions as the primary culture was carried out successfully. In the preliminary cytotoxic assays performed in 11 clones (a) a marked activity directed against lectin-coated targets was observed in may clones; (b) an important NK-like activity was exhibited by the clone 45B9 (65% of the tested cells lysed K562 cell targets); (c) 2 clones did not demonstrate cytotoxic activity against either PHA-coated L 1210 cells or K562 cell targets. These results could be explained hypothetically by the difference of functional maturation of T-cells within each clone. PMID- 6973594 TI - Thymocytes can be stimulated to give a strong vaccinia virus-immune cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. AB - The emergence of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors in thymus can be examined directly by stimulating thymocytes for 6 days in irradiated, virus-infected recipients. Responsiveness is a characteristic of the thymocytes themselves and does not reflect the presence of contaminating, blood-bourne T cells. Strong CTL activity may be generated earlier from thymus than from spleen or lymph node of lethally irradiated, bone marrow reconstituted mice. Also, the reconstitution of virus-immune CTL function in these peripheral lymphoid organs is thymus-dependent. Use of this simple experimental protocol offers considerable possibilities for the analysis of the role of the thymus in the ontogeny of the T cell repertoire. PMID- 6973595 TI - Genetic control of antinuclear antibodies in mice inoculated with the moloney leukaemia virus. AB - The production of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was studied after inoculation with Moloney leukaemia virus (M-MuLV) in different H-2 congenic strains of mice. Using a new sensitive method for ANA detection, it was demonstrated that M-MuLV-induced ANA were genetically controlled by several different factors. A high viral production was first required for ANA triggering. Among viremic animals both high and low ANA producers were observed. H-2 and non H-2-linked genes were involved in the control of M-MuLV-induced ANA; these genes were different from those involved in the control of viremia. The H2b haplotype was associated with an increased ANA response, the transmission of the responder phenotype being intermediate. Non-H-2-linked genes must also control M-MuLV-induced ANA, as demonstrated in mice having the same H-2 haplotypes, since with equivalent viremias they produced different amounts of ANA. No linkage with X chromosome was found. PMID- 6973596 TI - Location of LyM-1 locus on Mus musculus chromosome 1. AB - Following segregation of the alleles at the Sas-1, LyM-1 and M1s in the (AKA/J X C3H/HeJ/F1 X C3H/HeJ backcross progeny, we found the locus responsible for the lymphocyte alloantigen LyM-1 to be closely linked to Sas-1 and M1s. The map distances are estimated to be 12.5 +/- 3.9 for Sas-1 to LyM-1, 6.9 +/- 3.0 for LyM-1 to M1s and 19.4 +/- 4.7 for Sas-1 to M1s. These data clearly indicate that the gene order is Sas-1-LyM-1-M1s on Mus musculus chromosome 1. PMID- 6973597 TI - Cell-mediated immune reactions. PMID- 6973598 TI - Morphologic aspects of adhesion and spreading behavior of amphibian blastula and gastrula cells. AB - By means of SEM we have examined spreading and adhesive behavior of cells isolated from superficial and deep regions of germ layers from blastula to late gastrula in Rana pipiens embryos. Each of the cell populations sampled show adhesive and spreading characteristics distinctive for each region and stage which we interpret as demonstrating the following: (1) From blastula through late gastrula, cells from each region have already acquired the ability to express surface morphologic and adhesive features independently of their association with their neighbors, i.e. autonomously. (2) The distinctive spreading and adhesive characteristics for each tissue sub-population suggest kinetic properties seemingly related to their in vivo morphogenetic movements, epiboly or invagination. (3) The appearance within germ layers of two subpopulations between blastula to mid-gastrula, suggests early intratissue inductive interactions. (4) The outermost, superficial cells from each germ layer show proximal and distal surface differences which may reflect adhesive differentials as postulated by Steinberg (1970) for presumptive ectoderm cells. (5) With the exception of superficial cell proximal and distal differentiation, freshly disaggregated cells do not show morphologic characteristics seen in corresponding cells spreading for one hour. PMID- 6973602 TI - Quantitation and clonal isolation of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors selectively infiltrating murine sarcoma virus-induced tumors. AB - A limiting dilution mixed leukocyte-tumor cell microculture system was used to quantitate cytolytic T lymphocytes and their precursors (CTL-P), which infiltrate tumors induced by injection of Moloney sarcoma-leukemia virus (MSV-MoLV) complex into C57BL/6 mice. Leukocyte populations obtained from tumors collected on day 10 after virus injection were found to contain significantly higher frequencies of operationally defined (tumor-specific) CTL-P than either peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) or spleen cells from the same animals. When these frequencies were normalized according to the content of Lyt-2+ T cells in each tissue, average CTL-P frequencies were found to be 1/9 in tumor-infiltrating cells vs. 1/41 in PBL. These results directly demonstrate selective accumulation of CTL-P in the tumor mass. A number of clonal isolates obtained from tumor-infiltrating leukocyte populations were expanded and studied for cytolytic activity and specificity. Of 11 isolates, 10 were found to have high cytolytic activity, leading to 50% lysis of the syngeneic MoLV-derived tumor target cells in 3.5 h at lymphocyte:target cell ratios ranging from 0.5:1 to 3.2:1. Furthermore, five randomly selected clones showed H-2 restriction by their selective lytic activity against MoLV-derived syngeneic MBL-2 target cells and their lack of activity against either MoLV-derived allogeneic (LSTRA) tumor cells or against syngeneic (EL4) or allogeneic (P815) target cells unrelated to MoLV. PMID- 6973601 TI - Natural antibodies to the human T cell lymphoma virus in patients with cutaneous T cell lymphomas. AB - Sera from patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma and leukemia were screened for the presence of natural antibody to the human T cell lymphoma (leukemia) virus, HTLVCR, using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Sera from two patients, including patient CR, from whose cultured T lymphoblastic cell line (HUT102), the retrovirus HTLVCR was isolated, reacted specifically with proteins of HTLVCR. Serum from patient CR also reacted specifically with proteins of HTLVMB, an independent but highly related retroviral isolate from a patient with Sezary T cell leukemia. The specificity for HTLVCR proteins was demonstrated by solid phase immunocompetition assays and competition radioimmunoprecipitation assays. Analysis of radioimmunoprecipitates indicated that the natural antibodies were directed against HTLVCR core proteins with molecular weights of 24,000 and 19,000 (p24 and p19). Whereas the serum reactivities for HTLVCR proteins were shown to be highly specific, additional reactivities seen against proteins of animal retroviruses including GaLV, SSV, FeLV, and BaEV were clearly shown not to be viral specific but rather were due to reactivity with cellular antigens contaminating the viral preparations or with related antigens present in fetal calf serum. These results demonstrating natural antibodies to HTLVCR provide the first evidence for a specific antibody response to a retrovirus in humans. PMID- 6973599 TI - Loss of tumor-specific and idiotype-specific immunity with age. AB - The ultraviolet light-induced fibrosarcoma 1591 undergoes "first-set rejection" when transplanted into normal syngeneic mice. We found, however, that the primary resistance of normal mice decreases with age, beginning at 9--12 mo, equivalent to middle age for mice. Mice lose with age the capacity to mount both idiotypic and anti-idiotypic responses responsible for controlling the growth of tumor. This loss was correlated with quantitative as well as qualitative changes in the response, such as changes in specificity and clonotype. Normal young mice regularly expressed a dominant common anti-1591 "idiotype" as defined by an anti idiotypic probe. The capability of normal mice to respond with lymphocytes of this dominant common idiotype began to decline at about 8 mo of age. At this time, animals still generated tumor-specific lymphocytes, but these lymphocytes appear to be idiotypically different lymphocyte clones. With further increase in age, animals responded with tumor-reactive lymphocytes that showed a marked cross reactivity to other tumor target cell lines. Both in vivo and in vitro, the capability of normal mice to mount an immune response that was specific for the 1591 tumor cells decreased between 9 and 14 mo, which was the age individual mice became increasingly susceptible to a challenge with 1591 tumor cells. Thus, our data suggest that clones of tumor-specific T cells provide primary and early protection of young animals against challenge with malignant 1591 cells. However, the dominance of these tumor-specific T cell clones in a primary immune response is lost in middle-age. Because the ability of animals to mount anti-idiotypic immune response also declined in middle-aged animals, it is possible that the observed loss of clonal dominance of tumor-specific clones with increasing age is at least partially related to age-dependent changes in the anti-idiotypic compartment. PMID- 6973600 TI - Physiology of IgD. I. Compensatory phenomena in B lymphocyte activation in mice treated with anti-IgD antibodies. AB - The role of delta-positive cells in the immune response was studied by comparing the effects of treatment with allotype-specific IgD hybridoma antibody on homozygous BALB/c or SJL/J and heterozygous (BALB x SJL)F1 mice. Homozygous mice, injected from birth with the relevant anti-delta antibody, made primary or secondary immune responses to intravenously injected trinitrophenyl (TNP) Brucella abortus, TNP-Ficoll, and TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, which did not differ significantly from those of control mice, despite the fact that IgD+ cells were depleted and Ig+ cells were markedly reduced in the spleens of treated mice. Responses in nodes draining a local injection of TNP-Brucella abortus were, however, significantly suppressed. Heterozygous mice, injected from birth with either anti-Ig-5a or anti-Ig-5b, showed a marked reduction in the number cells producing IgG antibody of linked allotype specificity in the secondary response to intravenously injected sheep erythrocytes. A corresponding decrease in the amount of serum IgG2a of that allotype specificity was also noted. However, in agreement with the results obtained in homozygotes, heterozygotes injected simultaneously with anti-IgD directed against each of the allotypes made normal, if not enhanced, plaque-forming cell responses of both allotype specificities. Similarly, serum IgG2a levels were normal in all but one mouse treated in this fashion. These results indicate that IgD+ cells are not essential for an immune response in vivo. Although the delta-positive cell is used preferentially under normal conditions, it appears that an alternative mechanism exists by which, in the absence of these cells, the animal is able to make a normal immune response. PMID- 6973603 TI - Antigen-specific helper T cells required for dominant idiotype expression are not H-2 restricted. AB - Two synergizing antigen-specific helper T (Th) cell populations are required for an optimal TEPC15 (T15)-dominated antiphosphorylcholine (PC) plaque- forming cell response . In these studies, the two Th cell sets are shown to differ in their requirements for recognition of self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoded determinants by testing the ability of Th cells from F(1) {arrow} parent bone marrow chimeras to collaborate with PC-specific B cells bearing MHC-encoded determinants of either parental haplotypes. Previous studies have shown that one antigen-specific Th cell population is required for T-dependent anti-PC responses and activates PC-specific B cells only if the hapten, PC, is physically linked to the priming antigen. This Th cell, referred to as ThMHC, induces anti-PC responses that are mainly non-T15 in character, and it appears to be identical to the conventional antigen- specific Th cell. In these experiments, using T cells from (A X B)F(1) {arrow} parent A chimeras, ThMHC cells requiring hapten-carrier association provide help for F(1) and parent A B cells but not for B cells from parent B, thus confirming that the activity of the conventional Th cell is H-2 restricted . The second antigen-specific Th cell population, whose function is measured in the presence of the ThMHC cell set, preferentially activates T15 bearing B cells. This Th cell set (ThId) is missing in mice expressing low levels of T15-bearing antibody and can be restored by the addition of antigen-specific T cells from donors expressing high levels of circulating T15 Id. These studies demonstrate that T cells from F(1) {arrow} parent chimeras that express substantial levels of T15-bearing anti-PC antibody could provide ThId cell activity for the selective activation of T15-bearing B cells of F(1) and both parental H-2 types. These results imply that whereas the activity of conventional, ThMHC, cells is clearly H-2 restricted, ThId cells from the same chimeric donors are not required to recognize antigen in association with self MHC-encoded determinants for successful T-B collaboration . PMID- 6973606 TI - T lymphocytes specific for immunoglobulin allotype. II. Cloned Igh-1b-specific cytotoxic T cells. AB - This study describes long-term-cultured lines and clones of cytotoxic T cells (Tc) with specificity for determinants of the Igh-1(b) immunoglobulin allotype. These Tc clones were initiated by repeated stimulation of immune spleen cells from BALB/c mice with an Igh-1(b)-producing myeloma, and then they were maintained in medium supplemented with mitogen-induced growth factors in the absence offurther antigenic stimulation . The lytic potency of these clones was 30-100-fold greater than the primary cultures from which they were derived, and specificity studies showed them to be lytic for Igh-1(b) targets and not for targets expressing Igh-1(a) or Igh-4(b), nor the lipopolysaccharide blasts . Finally, soluble preparations of Ig were tested for their ability to block lysis of labeled Igh-1(b)-expressing targets. The results showed that Igh-1(b) and not other immunoglobulin allotypes or isotypes could block lysis, and that the mechanism of lytic inhibition is due to Igh-1(b)-induced autolysis of the killer cells. PMID- 6973604 TI - Purification of murine T cell growth factor. A lymphocyte mitogen with helper activity. AB - Mouse T cell growth factor was purified from the serum-free conditioned medium of lectin-stimulated spleen cells. A 3,000-fold purification was achieved with a final yield of 12%. The purified protein, with an apparent Mr of 23,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was active at concentrations of 4 x 10(-11) M, both in the T cell growth factor and T cell replacing factor assays. In addition, purified T cell growth factor alone was mitogenic for spleen cells from both nude and normal mice. PMID- 6973605 TI - T lymphocytes specific for immunoglobulin allotype. I. Igh-1b-specific T cells demonstrated by suppression in vivo and cytotoxicity in vitro. AB - We show that determinants of IgG(2a) of C57BL/6 mice (Igh-1(b)) stimulate allotypespecific T cells in BALB/c mice. Such cells are detected in two different functional assays; chronic allotype suppression and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. A population of suppressor T cells capable of inducing chronic Igh-1(b) suppression was demonstrated by rosetting procedures to possess Igh-1(b)-specific receptors, a result interpreted as indicating that suppressor T cells may act directly upon allotype-bearing B cells. From similar populations we were also able to demonstrate Igh-1(b)-specific cytotoxic T cells. Such cells were lytic for target myeloma cells expressing the Igh-1(b) allotype of IgG28, and were ineffective against a variant cell line failing to express Igh-1(b), and other target cell lines expressing different allotypes or isotypes. The similar specificity of suppressor T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes for Igh-1(b) allotype raises the possibility that the target in allotype suppression is a B cell, and that allotype-specific cytotoxic T cells may play some role in regulation of allotype expression in the suppressed state. PMID- 6973607 TI - Specificity of the helper T cell for the cytolytic T lymphocyte response to influenza viruses. AB - We have described a model system in which helper T cells are required to mount a primary antiviral cytolytic T lymphocyte response. The radioresistant helper cell can be found in the spleens of mice that have been immunized subcutaneously with influenza viruses 6-8 d previously. These helper cells appear to be type specific but cross-reactive among the subtypes of influenza A viruses. The phenotypes of the interacting cell populations were determined. PMID- 6973608 TI - Antibody-specific immunoregulation and the immunodeficiency of aging. AB - Experiments were carried out to assess the role of naturally acquired antibody specific immunoregulation in the immunodeficiency of aged individuals. It was found that greater than 50% of the primary dinitrophenyl-specific BALB/c B cells did not respond in carrier-primed 2-yr-old BALB/c adoptive hosts as compared with similarly primed younger recipients. Similar suppression was observed in carrier primed younger BALB/c mice that had received 4 x 10(7) spleen cells from 2-yr-old BALB/c mice, as opposed to those that had received 4 x 10(7) spleen cells from younger mice. This diminution in responsiveness was noted only for syngeneic BALB/c B cells because B cells of strains differing from BALB/c in the heavy chain allotype-idiotype locus were not suppressed. These findings indicate that old, but not young, mice had developed the capacity to suppress primary B cells bearing receptors expressing much of the syngeneic antibody repertoire. This suppression may play an important causative role in the relatively poor humoral immune responsiveness of aged individuals. PMID- 6973609 TI - Immune networks. Frequencies of antibody- and idiotype-producing B cell clones in various steady states. AB - In limiting dilution analysis, the absolute frequencies of lipopolysaccharide reactive B cell precursors producing anti-trinitrophenyl antibodies or the MOPC460 idiotype were studied in BALB/c mice, either normal, or immunized with antigen (Ab1), the idiotype (Ab2), or a monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody (Ab3). Anti-idiotype immunity results in the suppression of the B cell precursors for the relevant idiotype, and anti-(anti-idiotype) immunity leads to a 10-fold increase in precursor B cell frequencies, with a comparatively lower increase in antibody-producing precursors. The findings can only be explained by variations in the composition of the B cell compartment in the various immune states. PMID- 6973610 TI - Cytolytic T lymphocyte function is independent of growth phase and position in the mitotic cycle. AB - We have investigated mitotic cell cycle and growth phase regulation of homogeneous cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Two independently derived CTL clones were stained with the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342, sorted in a fluorescence activated cell sorter according to their position in the cell cycle, and then assayed for specific lytic activity using a short-term (30 min) (51)Cr release assay. Results show that lytic activity remained unchanged throughout the cell cycle. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the lytic activity of CTL clones growing exponentially or arrested in a plateau phase. These results demonstrate that T cell-mediated cytolysis is independent of growth phase and position in the cell cycle. PMID- 6973611 TI - Alteration of annulate lamellae in the in vitro progesterone-treated, full-grown Rana pipiens oocyte. AB - In full-grown but immature Rana pipiens ovarian oocytes, stacks of annulate lamellae are preferentially localized in the ooplasm between the germinal vesicle and the animal pole.l Furthermore, the largest stacks of these porous cytomembranes tend to be localized deeper in the ooplasm in proximity to the germinal vesicle, while smaller, but variable-sized stacks of annulate lamellae area found closer to the oolemma of the animal pole. Manually defolliculated, full-grown oocytes were cultured in progesterone for periods of 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 22 hours at 18 degrees C. Annulate lamellae were observed in the animal pole ooplasm after 1, 3, 5, 6, and 9 hours of in vitro culture in progesterone at 18 degrees C. In contrast, annulate lamellae were not observed in fully grown oocytes cultured in the progesterone for 12, 16, 18, or 22 hours at 18 degrees C. Rather, many localized areas in the animal pole ooplasm wer observed that contained large numbers of closely packed vesicles of different size. The largest clusters of vesicles were present in the ooplasm near the germinal vesicle. Progressing toward the oolemma of the animal pole, the vesicular clusters appeared to become smaller in area. These clusters of vesicles were not observed in either untreated control oocytes at 3-22 hours of culture, or in those treated with progesterone for 1, 3, 5, 6, or 9 hours. The results suggest that after the appropriate maturation-inducing treatment with progesterone, annulate lamellae lose their integrity, probably by a process of vesiculation. This represents one of the first morphological changes which occurs during the induction of meiotic maturation. The alteration of annulate lamellae observed in the progesterone-treated oocytes occurs prior to the complete germinal vesicle breakdown, for under the experimental conditions described, the germinal vesicle nuclear envelope did not completely break down until between 18 and 22 hours of culture in progesterone. PMID- 6973612 TI - Purification and properties of chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase from Citrobacter freundii GN7391. AB - Both a penicillinase and a cephalosporinase are present in a strain of Citrobacter freundii (GN7391) resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The penicillinase was identical to the type Ia penicillinases (Type III by Richmond classification), mediated by Rms212 and R-TEM. A cephalosporinase, typical of enterobacteriaceae chromosomal beta-lactamase (Type I by Richmond classification), was purified from the strain. It gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis; the pI was 8.6 and its molecular weight was approximately 38 000. Cysteine was not found among its amino acids. The specific activity was 388 units (mg protein)-1 for the hydrolysis of cephaloridine, and the optimal pH was 8.0. Rabbit antiserum obtained against the purified enzyme showed cross-reaction with cephalosporinases produced by strains of Enterobacter cloacae in a neutralization test. PMID- 6973614 TI - Calibration of clinical cerebellar and deep brain stimulation systems. AB - The increasing use of electrical stimulation of the brain for relief of pain, spasticity and epilepsy has introduced unfamiliar techniques into clinical neurological and neurosurgical practice. In view of the evidence that excessive levels of stimulation can damage brain tissue, it is of great importance to monitor the dose of stimulation. A review of recent clinical papers suggests that many centres do not measure the dose accurately, relying on arbitrary dial settings on external transmitters. This paper reviews that factors that affect the dose received by the patient and suggests methods of measuring them, at operation and subsequently, which should routinely be employed by clinicians implanting stimulators. PMID- 6973613 TI - The induction of ornithine decarboxylase by nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in PC12 cells. AB - Both nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor cause an induction of ornithine decarboxylase in the rat pheochromocytoma clone PC12. The induction by nerve growth factor is transcription-dependent and occurs within 4 to 6 h. Antibody studies indicate that nerve growth factor must be present for 2-3 h to obtain full induction. Nerve growth factor is synergistic with either N6, O2 dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (dBcAMP) or 3-isobutyl-1 methylxanthine (IBMX) in the induction. The magnitude of ornithine decarboxylase induction is influenced by the density of the culture. Synchronized cell populations show the greatest sensitivity to nerve growth factor just before, or immediately upon, entering S phase. The induction of ornithine decarboxylase by epidermal growth factor appears to be quite similar to that exhibited by nerve growth factor. Epidermal growth factor is active in the range of ng/ml. The time course of the induction is the same, as is the need for the peptide to remain in contact with the cells for several hours. Putrescine inhibits the induction and dBcAMP and IMBX accentuate it. Cells appear to be sensitive to epidermal growth factor also near the G1/S border. In spite of the marked similarities in these inductions, a maximal level of nerve growth factor plus a maximal level of epidermal growth factor yields greater induction than either alone, indicating the inductions occur by somewhat different mechanisms. PMID- 6973616 TI - The demyelinating effect of corneal HSV infections in normal and nude (athymic) mice. AB - Nude (athymic) mice and their immune competent Balb/c litter mates were infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I on the scarified cornea. Seven to eight days after infection the trigeminal root entry zone was examined by light and electron microscopy. The immune competent Balb/c litter mates demonstrated marked central nervous system (CNS) demyelination when compared to the T cell-deficient animals who showed mild edematous change and minimal CNS demyelination ultrastructurally 7 days after infection. Viral titers were similar in both groups at this time. These studies further substantiate a role for the cell mediated immune system in the CNS demyelination 1 week after corneal infection with HSV. PMID- 6973615 TI - Aspergillus granuloma of the trigeminal ganglion. AB - A patient is described with aspergillus flavus granuloma of the trigeminal ganglion. The patient was effectively treated by surgical excision of most of the infected tissue followed by intensive chemotherapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine. PMID- 6973617 TI - Microsurgical technique in the treatment of vascular compression of cranial nerves in the posterior fossa. AB - The authors report on 2 cases: cerebello-pontine syndrome and a trigeminal neuralgia with homolateral facial spasm. In both patients the clinical syndrome was thought to be of vascular origin and the vessels accompanying the nerves showed to be tightly anchored to them by means of arachnoid bridges. Microsurgery allowed for performing section of the arachnoid bridges in order to prevent the nerves from the continuous microtrauma due to the vascular pulsation, this being the pathogenic mechanism responsible for the suffering of the nerves themselves. PMID- 6973619 TI - Fecal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin: a reliable measure of enteric protein loss in children. PMID- 6973618 TI - Emergence of rifampin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae after prophylaxis. PMID- 6973620 TI - Dependence on macrophages of the guinea pig T-cell immune response to Herpetomonas samuelpessoai. AB - The specific in vitro activation of guinea pig T-lymphocytes by Herpetomonas samuelpessoai and its dependence upon macrophages was studied. Peritoneal exudate T-cells from guinea pigs sensitized against intact H. samuelpessoai organisms were activated specifically in vitro as measured by 3H thymidine incorporation. These same T-cells also were activated by Trypanosoma cruzi extracts, indicating cross reactivity at the cellular level between the two protozoan antigens. The T cell specific response was found to be dependent on adherent cells. Moreover, macrophages that had been "pulsed" in vitro with H. samuelpessoai organisms were able to induce the specific T-cell activation. PMID- 6973621 TI - Differences in susceptibility of rat strains to experimental infection with Taenia teaniaeformis. AB - Age-matched, outbred, female, Sprague-Dawley-derived rats from different commercial suppliers were compared for their susceptibility to the establishment and growth of Taenia taeniaeformis. Two of the strains, Spb:[SD] and Kng:[SD], gave very similar results, but the third, Hap:[SD]f, was considerably less receptive. Approximately one in eight of the Hap:[SD]f rats proved refractory to infection, and worm growth was slower and more variable than in Spb:[SD] rats. Male Spb:[SD] rats were not detectably different from females in susceptibility or parasite growth rate. Female rats of four different inbred lines all accepted infection, though the proportion of infective eggs giving rise to hepatic cysts differed. These differences, however, were overshadowed by variations observed in susceptibility of inbred rats of the same strain (Wistar-Lewis) purchased from different commercial suppliers. The results emphasize the need for careful standardization of laboratory procedures and rat strains for experimentation with this host-parasite system. In addition, they illustrate the dangers of extrapolation from the extensive literature of the influence of rat strain and sex on susceptibility to infection with T. taeniaeformis. PMID- 6973622 TI - Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin in patients with juvenile periodontitis. AB - alpha-1-Antitrypsin phenotypes and serum levels were determined in 19 patients with juvenile periodontitis in order to test whether reduced periodontal resistance in this disease is caused by decreased serum protease inhibitory capacity resulting from deficient alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes. The phenotyping of the patients' sera was performed by thin-layer isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. The quantitation of alpha-1-antitrypsin was performed using the radial immunodiffusion technique. All 19 patients displayed the most common phenotype M. Twelve patients had the subclass M1M1, two the M1M2 and five and M1M3. The alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in the patients' sera were within normal limits. The results do not support the hypothesis that deficient production of alpha-1-antitrypsin is causally related to juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 6973623 TI - Histologic characteristics associated with bleeding after probing and visual signs of inflammation. AB - This study was designed to characterize histologically the gingival lesion associated with visual signs of inflammation and bleeding after probing. Sixty midfacial gingival sites in 26 persons were evaluated for visual presence of absence of inflammation and bleeding after probing using a controlled insertion pressure of 25 gm. In order to delineate the area for histologic analysis, a reference incision was made on the facial surface of the gingiva which corresponded to the depth and mesio-distal extent of the area probed and evaluated for signs of inflammation. Gingival biopsy specimens were morphometrically analyzed to determine the percentages of cell rich--collagen poor connective tissue and blood vessel lumens. Histometric data were grouped and compared with respect to the presence or absence of inflammation and bleeding. Specimens associated visually with inflammation had significantly greater percentages of both cell rich--collagen poor connective tissue and blood vessel lumens. Bleeding upon probing was associated with a significantly greater percentage of cell rich--collagen poor connective tissue without an increase of blood vessel lumens. It was concluded that both observed signs of inflammation and bleeding after probing can be used to detect inflammatory lesions in the gingiva. However, in areas inaccessible for evaluation of inflammation, bleeding determinations using controlled insertion pressures provided an objective diagnostic method for detecting the presence of an inflammatory lesion. PMID- 6973624 TI - Effects of calcium and ionic strength on shortening velocity and tension development in frog skinned muscle fibres. AB - 1. The influence of Ca2+ concentration and ionic strength on the maximum velocity of shortening (Vmax) and the tension generating capability of frog skinned muscle fibres has been studied at temperatures between 1 and 10 degrees C. 2. Fibre segments were mounted between a force transducer and servo motor, where they could be viewed and photographed through a microscope. Segments in which the striations became non-uniform during activation were discarded. 3. Velocity was obtained as a function of load by stepping the tension to values less than the steady isometric tension. Vmax was then determined by an extrapolation technique. Vmax was also obtained using a second, independent method by measuring the times required to take up various amounts of slack imposed on the segments. 4. Vmax was significantly influenced by the Ca2+ concentration, decreasing by about one half when the Ca2+ concentration was reduced to give steady tensions less than half maximal. 5. Vmax was not influenced by changes in ionic strength, in the range 0.09-0.18 M. Steady tension was found to increase as ionic strength was decreased in the same range. 6. These results indicate that the effect of changes in ionic strength is to alter the numbers or stiffness of attached cross-bridges, while there is no apparent influence of ionic strength on the steady-state kinetics of the actin-myosin interaction during unloaded shortening. The mechanism responsible for the influence of Ca2+ on Vmax is unknown, though possible sites of action for Ca2+ are discussed. PMID- 6973626 TI - Impedance of the amphibian lens. AB - 1. The electrical resistance of the perfused frog lens was measured using separate internal current passing and voltage measuring electrodes. 2. The resistance values obtained using voltage clamp and direct and alternating current techniques were in good agreement. 3. The voltage transients induced in response to current steps were multi-exponential in form. Increasing the external K concentration reduced both the amplitude of the voltage response and the rise time. 4. The impedance characteristics were investigated in more detail using alternating current analysis techniques. 5. In an equivalent-circuit modelling study it was assumed that there were two major pathways for current flow in the lens. The first through the surface membranes and the second through the inner fibre membranes via the narrow extracellular spaces. 6. The experimental impedance loci could not be adequately fitted by a simple two time constant model and a third time constant was introduced which may represent diffusion polarization effects in the extracellular spaces. 7. The three time constant model gave good and consistent fits to impedance data from a number of preparations. 8. The form of the impedance loci was also dependent on the external K concentration, but the only fitted parameter which changed consistently with external K was the surface membrane resistance (Rs). PMID- 6973625 TI - The relation between stiffness and filament overlap in stimulated frog muscle fibres. AB - 1. Tension transients were recorded at sarcomere lengths from 2.0 to 3.2 mum in isolated fibres from the tibialis anterior muscle of frogs during tetanic stimulation at 0-1 degrees C. 2. The length of a selected portion of the fibre was controlled by feed-back from a spot-follower device. The step was complete in 0.2 ms and the natural frequency of the force transducer was 10.8 kHz. 3. The transients were analysed by comparing the tension record with the output of an analogue circuit (delay line) which contained components representing (a) force transducer response, (b) fibre inertia, (c) viscosity and inertia of surrounding fluid, (d) passive stiffness and viscosity of the fibre, (e) tendon compliance and (f) stiffness and early tension recovery of the contractile apparatus. 4. In releases at different sarcomere lengths, the instantaneous stiffness and the early tension recovery attributed to the contractile apparatus varied almost exactly in proportion to the developed tension. In the later phases of the transient there were minor deviations from proportionality. 5. The results confirm that the entire transient represents events in the cross-bridges. 6. At full overlap, the compliance attributable to the cross-bridges is at least 80%, and probably well over 90% of the measured instantaneous compliance of the fibre. Stiffness can therefore be used as a measure of the number of attached cross bridges. 7. The amount of instantaneous sliding movement of thick relative to thin filaments required to bring tension in a cross-bridge from the isometric value to zero is about 3.9 nm if filament and Z-line compliance are negligible, as suggested by the results. It is not however excluded that filament compliance, though small, may be sufficient to reduce this figure to 3.5 nm or possibly 3.1 nm. 8. The responses to quick stretch, unlike those to release, could not be satisfactorily matched with the delay line. The deviations suggest that the instantaneous elasticity is non-linear in stretches. 9. In resting fibres at all sarcomere lengths, the first peak of the tension response was determined chiefly by fibre inertia and viscosity, rather than elasticity. PMID- 6973627 TI - The influence of vasopressin on hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing activity in rats with inherited diabetes insipidus. AB - 1. The corticotrophin releasing activity of hypothalamic extracts from rats congenitally lacking vasopressin (Brattleboro strain) has been studied in the presence and absence of arginine vasopressin and its antiserum. 2. Hypothalamic extracts from Brattleboro rats stimulated the production of corticotrophin by pituitary segments in vitro but both their potency and the slopes of their dose response lines were significantly less than those of controls. Arginine vasopressin also stimulated pituitary-adrenocorticotrophic activity in vitro but only in concentrations considerably greater than those present in hypothalamic extracts from normal rats. 3. In low, physiological concentrations arginine vasopressin did not affect the corticotrophin releasing activity of hypothalamic extracts from controls but potentiated markedly the activity of extracts from Brattleboro rats and rendered the slopes of their dose-response lines parallel with those of the controls. 4. The antiserum to arginine vasopressin did not affect the corticotrophin releasing activity of Brattleboro extracts but reduced the activity of control extracts and rendered the slopes of their dose-response lines parallel with those of Brattleboro extracts. 5. The results suggest that vasopressin acts synergistically with the corticotrophin releasing factor and is essential for the full expression of pituitary-adrenocorticotrophic activity. PMID- 6973629 TI - Selective decompression for bleeding oesophageal varices in patients with preparenchymal blocks. PMID- 6973628 TI - Medical and psychosocial outcomes in survivors of major heart surgery. PMID- 6973631 TI - Functional properties of isopycnic fractions of human peripheral blood monocytes. PMID- 6973630 TI - Obstetric retrospect. AB - A series of 818 consecutive obstetric patients in a general practice between 1946 and 1970 is analysed in detail. The findings are discussed in relation to other studies from general practice and to current obstetric hospital practice. PMID- 6973632 TI - Immunological memory to listeria monocytogenes in rodents: assessment of acquired resistance in testes and comparison with delayed-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 6973633 TI - Clinical and immunologic spectrum of the DiGeorge syndrome. AB - This report summarizes the spectrum of clinical and immunologic findings gathered prospectively in 13 patients with the DiGeorge syndrome. Our patients demonstrated marked variability in both the clinical manifestations and the degree of immunodeficiency, confirming the findings of earlier individual case reports and retrospective autopsy reviews. Ages at the time of presentation ranged from one day to 4 months. Congenital heart defects including truncus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, interrupted aortic arch, and tetralogy of Fallot commonly brought these infants to medical attention within the first two weeks of life. Abnormal calcium homeostasis was found in all patients. Those patients presenting after the first month of life often had hypocalcemic seizures as the initial clinical manifestation. Parathyroid hormone levels and the number and location of parathyroid glands varied considerably. Immunologic evaluation revealed that total lymphocyte counts, percent T-cells, total T-cells, and T lymphocyte function ranged from normal to severely depressed. The most consistent immunologic abnormality, found in 11 of the 13 patients, was a decrease in total T-cells. Sequential studies in five patients demonstrate that spontaneous resolution of immunodeficiency may occur in some, yet progressive loss of immune function may be observed in others. Complete immunologic evaluation and careful followup is mandatory in infants with persistent hypocalcemia and congenital heart disease who are suspected to have DiGeorge syndrome. PMID- 6973634 TI - Lymphocyte stimulation by gangliosides, cerebrosides and basic protein in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), patients with neurological diseases (ND) and healthy children were tested for reactivity to gangliosides, cerebrosides and basic protein (BP) by the active E-rosette test (AER). None of the lymphocytes from ND patients, healthy children or two children with psoriatic arthritis responded by increased rosette formation to gangliosides, cerebrosides and BP. Lymphocytes from all 16 children with JRA were sensitized to at least one antigen as shown by the AER test. The percentage of active T-cells was significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.05)( in children with JRA as compared to others. The significance of the results in relation to immunopathogenesis of JRA is discussed. PMID- 6973635 TI - Cellular transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis employing suckling and adult Lewis rats. AB - Experiments designed to assess the importance of age of donors and recipients in cellular transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in inbred Lewis rats indicate: (a) that lymph node cells (LNC) of suckling rats sensitized to neuroantigen-adjuvant are just as effective in transfer of the disease to adult recipients as LNC from similarly sensitized adult donors, (b) that EAE can be transferred to suckling rats just as well as adults using lymphoid cells from either suckling or adult donors, and (c) while relatively low numbers of sensitized splenocytes from suckling or adult donors may transfer EAE, relatively large numbers of spleen cells do not. Based on additional EAE transfer experiments, in which recipients received combinations of sensitized LNC and normal splenocytes, no evidence could be secured that the spleen exerts a suppressive influence on cellular transfer of the disease in Lewis s may transfer EAE, relatively large numbers of spleen cells do not. Based on additional EAE transfer experiments, in which recipients received combinations of sensitized LNC and normal splenocytes, no evidence could be secured that the spleen exerts a suppressive influence on cellular transfer of the disease in Lewis s may transfer EAE, relatively large numbers of spleen cells do not. Based on additional EAE transfer experiments, in which recipients received combinations of sensitized LNC and normal splenocytes, no evidence could be secured that the spleen exerts a suppressive influence on cellular transfer of the disease in Lewis rats. PMID- 6973636 TI - Oral complications in the immuno- and myelosuppressed patient. PMID- 6973638 TI - Unfolding and refolding of Staphylococcus aureus penicillinase by urea-gradient electrophoresis. PMID- 6973637 TI - Neutron diffraction analysis of the structure of rod photoreceptor membranes in intact retinas. PMID- 6973639 TI - Excess lactate modulates ionic currents and tension components in frog atrial muscle. PMID- 6973641 TI - A case of Munchausen syndrome masquerading as unstable angina. AB - The authors report the case of a man who presented with unstable angina and who, at different hospitals over a period of several months, underwent two heart catheterizations, intra-aortic ballon counterpulsation, and eventual bypass surgery despite essentially normal coronary arteries. PMID- 6973640 TI - The effect of oligomycin on the electrical activity of frog atrial muscle and the effect of variation of [Ca2+]o concentration. PMID- 6973642 TI - Histiocytosis X presenting as a primary penile lesion. PMID- 6973643 TI - Phagocytosis: Macrophage-lymphocyte interactions. PMID- 6973644 TI - [Rapid beta-lactamase test of Haemophilus influenzae and their susceptibility to ampicillin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973645 TI - [Atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 6973646 TI - Role of prostaglandins in inflammatory and proliferative skin disease. PMID- 6973647 TI - The distribution and management of dermatological disease in the United States: prevalence related to manpower. PMID- 6973648 TI - [Classification of scleroderma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973649 TI - [The role of eosinophils in skin diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973651 TI - [Albinism and its allied diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973650 TI - [Phagocytosis: its physiology and pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973652 TI - [Treatment of leucoderma due to some origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973653 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of alopecia areata (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973654 TI - [Increased diagnostic value of PFD by oral administration of PABA (PABA absorption test) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973655 TI - A triple-barreled microelectrode for simultaneous measurements of intracellular Na+ and K+ activities and membrane potential in biological cells. AB - A triple-barreled Na+, K+-selective microelectrode was constructed with liquid ion exchangers for Na+ (monensin) and K+ (Corning #477317) to measure the intracellular Na+ and K+ activities ((Na)i and (K)i) of a single cell and its membrane potential (EM), simultaneously. The tip of the triple-barreled assembly was made less than 0.6 micron in outside diameter. Prior to in vivo measurements, some physiochemical properties of microelectrodes were examined in vitro for the slope constant, selectivity coefficient, electrical resistance, and pH effect, as well as measurements of the activity coefficient on ions in blood serum and Ringer solution. Carrying out direct micropunctures on single cells of the sartorius muscle and renal proximal tubule of bullfrogs in vivo, we obtained the following results: (1) In sartorius muscle, the average (Na)i was 14.8 mEq/liter, the (K)i 64.5 mEq/liter, and the EM -86.2 mV. (2) In proximal tubule cells, the average (Na)i, (K)i and EM were 16.8, 63.0 mEq/liter and -65.9 mV, respectively. (3) There were significant correlations in the proximal tubule between (K)i and EM, and inversely between (Na)i and EM, and between (Na)i and (K)i. These facts may somehow be related to both the activity of Na+-K+ exchange pump and the osmotic equilibrium of water across the membrane. Further, several problems inherent in the multibarreled microelectrode were discussed from the practical point of view. PMID- 6973656 TI - [A case report of successful A-C bypass performed three years after double valves replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973657 TI - Clinical effects of infusions into chimpanzees of primed autologous cultured T cells. AB - As a model to study the possible early side effects of cultured T-cells (CTC) as a potential for adoptive cellular immunotherapy of human tumors, chimpanzees received iv infusions of 10(9) autologous, mixed lymphocyte culture-primed CTC. Complete blood counts, urinalyses, chest X-rays, blood chemistries, and serum immunoelectrophoresis were normal, and serologic studies were negative throughout the 3 weeks of observation. Serial transaminase levels were followed in 2 chimps, and mild increases in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase were seen in both and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in 1 at 24 hours following each CTC infusion, but the levels returned to normal within 7 days. A liver biopsy specimen was normal. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of cells incubated with day 28 serum revealed weak labeling of only phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphoblasts and of CTC, suggesting that a weak anti-PHA antibody was generated. These studies indicate that infusions of autologous, in vitro-primed CTC are accompanied by little clinical toxicity in the chimp model but that they may be weakly immunogenic. PMID- 6973658 TI - [Correction of gastric and intestinal motility disorders after operations on the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6973659 TI - [Hemodynamic indices in evaluating the severity of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6973660 TI - [Complications and hazards of fiber endoscopy of the digestive tract]. PMID- 6973661 TI - [Repeated laparotomy following surgery of abdominal organs]. PMID- 6973662 TI - [Metabolic disorders and corneal changes (author's transl)]. AB - The following inborn errors of metabolism may show corneal changes: A. Inborn errors of metabolism affecting the corneal epithelium: (1) familial dysautonomia, (2) tyrosinaemia type II, (3) Fabry's glycolipidosis. B. Inborn errors of metabolism affecting the corneal stroma: I. Localized amyloidosis (lattice dystrophy of the cornea), II. Defects in carbohydrate metabolism: (1) localized mucopolysaccharidosis (macular dystrophy of the cornea), (2) systemic mucopolysaccharides, (3) glycogen storage disease. III. Defects in lipid metabolism: (1) localized from (Schnyder's crystalline dystrophy), (2) systemic forms (hyperlipoproteinaemia, hypolipoproteinaemia, Lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase deficiency, Wolman's disease, Gaucher's disease). IV. Combined defects in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism (mucolipidoses). V. Other inherited metabolic disorders: (1) aminoacidopathies (cystinosis, Wilson's disease, ochronosis, Chediak-Higashi syndrome), (2) hemochromatosis. PMID- 6973663 TI - [Morphological and functional findings in a family with aniridia (author's transl)]. AB - The history of a family with aniridia (11 patients) is presented. Morphologically the following changes were found: Ptosis, microcornea, anterior embryotoxon, defects of the iris ranging from corectopia and coloboma to hypoplasia of the iris and clinical aniridia cataracts and hypoplasia of the fovea. Functionally there was reduced visual acuity (best vision 0.2), nystagmus and strabismus. Dark adaptation, electrooculogram, photopic and scotopic electroretinogram were within normal limits. The patients were found to have a red-green color vision deficiency, which was perhaps caused by foveal hypoplasia and nystagmus, and a trito defect which could not be explained. PMID- 6973664 TI - [Anterior cleavage syndrome associated with endocrine orbitopathy (author's transl)]. AB - A case of anterior cleavage syndrome in a 27-year-old female patient is described. It is remarkable for the unusual completeness and prominence of the symptoms. In addition to medodermal anomalies of the anterior segment (e.g., prominent ring of Schwalbe, posterior embryotoxon, peripheral anterior synechiae, hypoplasia of the iris stroma) the case also manifested microcornea, cataract, glaucoma, excessive myopia, partial anodontia vera with maxillary hypoplasia and telecanthus. It is the first time that Rieger's syndrome has been described in association with endocrine orbitopathy, caused by hyperthyroidism with isolated elevation of T3 in the blood serum and a soft struma. Possible genetic correlations and the role of the secondary glaucoma in the two syndromes are discussed. PMID- 6973666 TI - [Computer-assisted scientific research on the problems of retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973665 TI - [Investigation of congenital disturbances of colour recognition by various methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973668 TI - [Mucosal rupture of the duodenum and small intestine]. PMID- 6973667 TI - [Lymphoblastic lymphomas in children. Their recognizability as T- or B-cell neoplasms in histologic slides (routine sections) (author's transl)]. AB - Sections of lymph node and tumor biopsies from 60 patients (51 children, 9 adults) with lymphoblastic lymphoma (lbL) were examined in a bind trial to determine whether the subtype of lbL can be diagnosed on the basis of morphologic criteria alone The diagnoses made in this trial were correct in 18 of 20 cases (adults and children) that had been classified as T-, B-, or non-T/non-B-lbL by immunologic, cytochemical (DAP IV, or virologic (EBV) analysis. In 48 of the 51 children, the subclassification made in the blind trial agreed with the definitive diagnosis. In addition to the results of the blind trial, the morphologic characteristics of T- and B-lbL are presented and the diagnostic value of cytochemical staining for acid phosphates is discussed. PMID- 6973669 TI - [Use of percutaneous nerve stimulation in pain]. PMID- 6973670 TI - [T- and B-immunity systems in acute suppurative surgical infection]. PMID- 6973671 TI - [Immune system in chronic lymphostasis]. PMID- 6973672 TI - [Model of the formation of nystagmic reactions to a set of caloric tests]. AB - The model can furnish additional information about the vestibulary system, when evaluating caloric tests. The model has been built with certain assumptions being made. The nystagmus intensity (the slow component rate during maximum intensity) is assumed to be proportional to the difference between energy levels (EL) of the right and left vestibular nuclear complexes (NC). El of each NC is equal to the afferent flow (AF) plus its inherent activity (IA). During caloric (two warm and two cold) tests IA remains constant. AF at rest is equal to spontaneous activity of receptors and during stimulation it increases or decreases in a linear fashion. Parameters of the model are: difference between intensities of reactions to warm and cold tests, difference between EL of two (right and left) unstimulated NC, and ratio of nystagmus intensity to the stimulus for each labyrinth. The behavior of the model during vestibular dysfunctions of various origin (changes in one of AF characteristics or changes in IA of one NC) is discussed. The diagnostic application of the model is illustrated by the discussion of nystagmometric data. The conclusion about vestibular dysfunction and its etiology can be made on the basis of statistic analysis of parameters of the model in the norm. PMID- 6973673 TI - [Effect of head-down tilt hypokinesia on human equilibrium function]. AB - Six test subjects who participated in 182-day head-down study at -4 degrees were examined stabilographically before and during the test. During the first 30 days they showed impaired equilibrium which later was relatively stabilized. Continuation of the bed rest study did not impair drastically stability of upright standing. It was shown that the contribution of optic sensors into the recovery of the equilibrium function increased during the second half of the bed rest study. Provocative tests suggest that bed rest related impairment of equilibrium occurs due to vestibular changes and deconditioning. PMID- 6973674 TI - [Method of studying the reaction to lift-off white rats]. PMID- 6973676 TI - Nephrotoxicity of drugs. PMID- 6973675 TI - Adenosine deaminase concentrations in leukaemia and lymphoma: relation to cell phenotypes. PMID- 6973677 TI - [Functional electric stimulation of the paretic hand]. PMID- 6973678 TI - Symposium on low frequency harmonic acceleration, the rotatory chair. Responses to low-frequency harmonic acceleration in patients with acoustic neuromas. AB - There has been increased interest in harmonic acceleration (HA) for the evaluation of vestibular pathology in recent years. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of harmonic acceleration testing in 24 patients with surgically proven acoustic neuromas. All patients were tested preoperatively and postoperatively, and none were lost to follow-up. Thirteen were tested one year or more after surgery. For rotational evaluation, each patient was seated in an enclosed chair driven by a D.C. torque motor turntable system and rotated utilizing five low frequency sinusoids (.01 - .16 Hz). Slow eye movements in response to acceleration were analyzed by analog and digital computer techniques. Output measures were the phase relationships between the input stimulus velocity and the slow phase eye movement velocity and labyrinthine preponderance (LP) or asymmetry. Preoperative results showed that caloric examination identified 79% of patients with tumors and HA 67% (2 standard deviation criteria). When both tests were evaluated together they identified 91% of all patients with tumors. Of the 4 small tumors (less than 2 cm), HA identified 4 and caloric examination 2. All patients were tested approximately 7 days postoperatively and had statistically significant shifts in their phase and LP measures. The shifts in phase were stable up to 3 years after surgery; however, the LP returned toward normal values. These findings indicate that the vestibular system can compensate but not repair itself after the loss of one labyrinth. In those patients who continued to be symptomatic 1 year or more after surgery, the LP did not return to normal values. Harmonic acceleration testing complemented caloric testing in the identification of patients with tumors and objectively demonstrated patients with continued symptomatology after surgery. PMID- 6973679 TI - Symposium on low frequency harmonic acceleration, the rotary chair. Rotary chair results in comparison to ENG findings. PMID- 6973681 TI - Anuran erythrocytes and liver both contain satellite histone Hls. PMID- 6973680 TI - [Serum immune complexes in patients with tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973683 TI - [Leiomyoma of the stomach. A rare cause of hemorrhage]. PMID- 6973682 TI - Naloxone blocks the effect of 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on passive avoidance learning in rats: implication of endogenous opiod peptides. PMID- 6973684 TI - Chronic Chagas disease in the mouse. II. Transfer of the heart disease by means of immunocompetent cells. PMID- 6973685 TI - Reduced 2,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in epileptic patients receiving chronic combined anticonvulsant therapy. AB - Thirty-one adult epileptic outpatients on chronic combined anticonvulsant therapy were investigated. Eleven patients took vitamin D2 supplementation 400-1200 IU/day as multivitamin tablets. Mean serum calcium and renal calcium excretion were reduced. Serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion were increased. Forearm bone mineral content was reduced. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 24-25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2D) and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) were reduced (p less than 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the serum 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations (p less than 0.05) with the highest levels in those receiving vitamin D2 supplementation (p less than 0.01). Serum 1,25-(OH)2D correlated positively with renal calcium excretion (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001) suggesting that the intestinal calcium absorption in epileptic patients depends on 1,25-(OH)2D levels. PMID- 6973686 TI - Clinical problem-solving by medical students: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. AB - The evolution of clinical reasoning in medical students was studied. A cross sectional sample consisted of randomly-selected medical students from three classes. Additionally, twenty-two students were observed at yearly intervals from the preclerkship period to the first post-graduate year. Subjects were observed in a clinical examination of a simulated patient, and their thought processes were abstracted from a 'stimulated recall' of the videotaped encounter. The data were transcribed and coded for computer analysis, yielding several variables characterizing the clinical reasoning process, and four measures of outcome of the encounter. Analysis of variance of differences between students at various educational levels and a doctor criterion group indicated that the majority of the process variables were unrelated to educational level. By contrast, diagnostic and management outcomes were positively related to education. The single process variable which was related to both educational level and outcome was an 'hypothesis aggregate score', a measure of the content of the student's diagnostic hypotheses. The results of the study indicate that the problem-solving or clinical reasoning process remains relatively constant from medical school entry to practice. This observation has important implications for clinical teaching and evaluation. PMID- 6973687 TI - Low- and high-risk non-T and non-B and T-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) in childhood: different duration of remission and survival. AB - In a prospective, nonrandomized trial clinical (initial WBC and chest film) and immunological (surface immunoglobulin and rosetting with pretreated sheep red blood cells) criteria were used to stratify 69 children with previously untreated acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Forty of 61 evaluable patients had low-risk ALL (initial WBC less than or equal to 20,000/mm3, no mediastinal mass) and were treated less intensively. Twenty-one of 61 patients had high-risk ALL (initial WBC greater than 20,000/mm3 and/or mediastinal mass) and were treated more intensively. Of the high-risk patients 15 had non-T non-B and 6 T ALL. Sixty of 61 patients went into complete remission. After a median observation period of 27 months, 32 of 40 low-risk, 7 of 14 high-risk non-T non-B, and none of 6 high-risk T ALL patients were in continuous first remission. Thirty-six of 40 low-risk, 9 of 15 high-risk non-T non-B, and none of 6 T ALL patients were alive. Despite more intensive treatment, the duration of remission and the survival were significantly shorter in the high-risk than in the low-risk patients. Among the high-risk ALL, non-T non-B ALL did better than T ALL. PMID- 6973688 TI - [Evaluation of the immune system in children with bronchial asthma treated with beclomethasone dipropionate]. PMID- 6973689 TI - A fluorometric method to measure sublobular rates of mixed-function oxidation in the hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver. PMID- 6973691 TI - [Pathomorphology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Gyrification of the nucleus of lymphoblast cells]. AB - In 9 children out of 36 with ALL examined post mortem at the Department of Pathology of the Medical University of Pecs in the period 1960--1978 leukaemic infiltrates were not found at all ("total remission"). 7 cases out of the 9 observed during the last 5 years. The remaining 27 cases could be divided into two groups: at 20 children nuclei of the leukaemic cells have shown marked gyrification. Survival of children of this group was 10.8 months. At the remaining 7 children the surface of the cell nuclei appeared to be smooth. The survival in this group was 3.6 months. These data support the hypothesis according to which ALL of the children and T cell malignant lymphomas may be of two types. Those with gyrificated and with non-gyrificated nuclei. The considerable difference in survival of patients with these two types of leukaemia suggests that the morphology of the cell nuclei i.e. "gyrification" or "non gyrification" of them may be used in estimation of the prognosis. PMID- 6973690 TI - The use of solid phase Clq and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-IgG for the detection of immune complexes in human serum. PMID- 6973692 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. AB - Cytological, histological and ultrastructural characteristics of a cose of an extranodal and nodal angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy persisting during several years are given. Angiomatous proliferation in the case reported seemed to be identical both in the lymph node and in the cutaneous infiltration. Types of cells seen in the angioimmunablastic lymphadenopathy did not differ from those of other immunoreactive processes. In the extranodal infiltrates in addition to other phenomena thickening of the immunological techniques decrease of the natural cytotoxicity and the number of T-lymphocytes could be observed. PMID- 6973693 TI - [Ultrastructure of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas]. AB - Ultrastructural characteristic features of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas-based on the analysis of 51 cases are dealt with. It is concluded, that ultrastructural changes of lymphomas can be correlated with the light microscopic findings and tumours arising from T and B cells can be distinguished also on the ultrastructural level. Electron microscopy should be regarded as an additional method in classification and differential diagnosis of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas. It contributes to a more exact diagnosis and clarifying the histogenesis of these tumours. PMID- 6973694 TI - Coronary-artery spasm after revascularization. PMID- 6973696 TI - A Lennert lymphoma with a helper-T-cell phenotype. PMID- 6973695 TI - Pre-B-cell leukemia with the 14Q+ chromosome. PMID- 6973697 TI - Association between HLA-DR antigens and helper cell activity in the control of dental caries. PMID- 6973698 TI - Establishment of a human T-cell hybrid line with suppressive activity. PMID- 6973699 TI - [Histocompatibility patterns in multiple sclerosis. Findings of an epidemiological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973700 TI - [Spontaneous (essential) aliquorrhea case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973702 TI - [Dense cerebellopontine epidermoid with transient repetitive oscillopsia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973701 TI - The filum terminale of the frog spinal cord, a nontransformed glial preparation: II. Uptake of serotonin. AB - The uptake of 5-HT was measured in the frog filum terminale (FT), a preparation composed almost exclusively of normal glia. [3H]5-HT was taken up by the FT via a high-affinity, sodium-dependent, temperature-sensitive transport system having a Km of 0.7 microM. In addition, a variety of drugs and aromatic amines known to selectively inhibit 5-HT uptake by synaptosomes and brain slices affected the uptake of 5-HT by the FT in qualitatively similar manner. The FT was shown to accumulate [3H]5-HT at rates significantly greater than the lumbar enlargement which contains both neurons and glia. The glial accumulation of 5-HT by the FT was verified by autoradiography. These findings strongly support the suggestion that glia may modulate aminergic transmission by competing with neurons for the reuptake of neuronally released amines. PMID- 6973703 TI - Computed tomographic findings in congenital hemiparesis in childhood and their relation to etiology and prognosis. AB - 40, 1-14-year-old children suffering from congenital hemiparesis were re-examined neurologically and admitted to CT. According to our morphological results we found three different types of CT patterns: 1. unilateral enlargement of the lateral ventricle or parts of it (20 patients), 2. cavity in the cortex and subcortical white matter within the supply area of the middle cerebral artery (17 patients), 3. normal CT scans (3 patients). Patients with a cortical and subcortical cavity consistently had a moderate to severe hemiparesis and suffered more often from epilepsy and intellectual impairment than patients with unilateral ventricular enlargement and those with normal CT findings. Most patients with cortical defects had a history of perinatal complications, while abnormal pregnancies and prematurity prevailed in patients with unilateral ventricular enlargement. We believe that a cavity in the cortex and subcortical white matter is of arterial-ischemic origin, whereas unilateral ventricular enlargement with destruction of the deep white matter is related to venous hemorrhage. But it must be emphasized that CT cannot detect the causes, mechanisms and timing of the underlying brain lesions in congenital hemiparesis. PMID- 6973704 TI - Epidermoid tumor of the cerebellopontine angle: diagnostic value of computed tomographic metrizamide cisternography. AB - The extent of spread of an epidermoid tumor in the posterior fossa may be difficult to discern preoperatively. Conventional computed tomographic (CT) studies may not outline the tumor capsule, and the low attenuation of the tumor itself may not allow a distinction from cerebrospinal fluid. CT metrizamide cisternography was helpful in delineating the inferior pole of an epidermoid tumor, which could then be delivered through a transtentorial approach. PMID- 6973705 TI - Twenty-five years of experience with physiological neurosurgery. AB - Twenty-five years of experience with physiological neurosurgery for the treatment of movement disorders leads the author to conclude that such syndromes are caused by disordered mechanisms of sensory communication within the brain. The physiological and therapeutic effects of ablation of the posterior portions of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus, the stimulation of the anterior or rostral cerebellar cortex, and deep brain stimulation of some thalamic nuclei are due to the decrease of pathological disinhibition of motor mechanisms. Further advances in the reversal of chronic neurological symptoms by the alleviation of pathological sensory disinhibition are anticipated. PMID- 6973707 TI - Participation of the zona incerta in mechanisms of the conditioned avoidance reaction. PMID- 6973706 TI - Role of the medial forebrain bundle in the organization of neocortical electrical activity. PMID- 6973708 TI - Hemispheric infarction after herpes zoster ophthalmicus: computed tomography and angiography. PMID- 6973709 TI - Neurologic complications of coronary artery bypass grafting: case-control study. AB - In a retrospective case-control study, we identified 18 patients who had neurologic symptoms associated with coronary artery bypass grafting, or 1.3% of all patients who had this operation. Cerebral infarction and anoxic encephalopathy accounted for almost all the complications. The overall mortality was 33%, higher among those with an intraoperative compared with a postoperative deficit. Prior cerebrovascular risk factors as well as intraoperative hypotension were no more prevalent in patients with complications than in age-matched controls who had the same operation. PMID- 6973711 TI - Functional anatomy of L-5-hydroxytryptophan-induced myoclonus in the guinea pig. AB - Myoclonus was induced in guinea pigs in a dose-dependent manner by intraperitoneal injection of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP). At a dosage of 400 mg per kilogram, all animals developed myoclonus. Autoradiographic analysis, using the [14C]-deoxyglucose method, showed increased glucose utilization in the ventral and ventral anterior thalamic nuclei and decreased glucose utilization in the cortex and molecular layer of the hippocampus. These changes were dose dependent and occurred to a lesser extent in both myoclonic and non-myoclonic guinea pigs given an ED50 of L-5-HTP, demonstrating that the autoradiographic changes are not dependent on the presence of myoclonus. We believe that the thalamus is the final common pathway for the expression of myoclonus induced by L 5-HTP. PMID- 6973714 TI - Radioautographic study of uptake and storage of indoleamines in the rabbit enterochromaffin cells. AB - After in vitro intra-arterial injection of tritium-labeled 5-hydroxytryptamine or -hydroxytryptophan ([3H]5-HT or [3H]5-HTP) (5 x 10(-7) M) in the presence of cold noradrenaline (5 x 10(-6) M) into rabbit colon, a clear-cut labeling pattern was observed by radioautography. Labelled cells were observed within the mucosa. The labeling was less important after [3H]5-HTP than after [3H]5-HT injection. Ultrastructural study indicates that labeling is confined to the cytoplasm and coincides with polymorphic secretory granules. Hence these labeled cells display not only APUD cells characteristics but also true neuronal properties. PMID- 6973712 TI - Polyclonal B-cell activity in myasthenia gravis. AB - Using a protein A-reverse hemolytic plaque assay, we found that some patients with myasthenia gravis have increased numbers of circulating immunoglobulin secreting cells (IgSC). This pattern was not related to drug therapy, age, sex, duration of symptoms, thymectomy, or serum levels of AChR antibody, although elevated IgSC values tended to occur in patients with active symptoms. The responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to pokeweed mitogen were normal. These data suggest increased in vivo polyclonal B-cell activation in some myasthenic patients, although in vitro polyclonal B-cell activation is normal. PMID- 6973713 TI - [Probable stenocardial effects of combined oral contraceptives]. AB - One case of myocardial infarction and one case of coronary insufficiency, observed in women treated with oral contraceptives, are presented. Pathogenetic hypotheses are put forward and stress is laid on the necessity of evaluating risk factors as well as carrying out the various hemogenic tests in these patients. PMID- 6973716 TI - Court case: should your conscience be your guide? PMID- 6973715 TI - The active form of vitamin D stimulates the synthesis of a vitamin K-dependent bone protein. PMID- 6973717 TI - When neighbors ask your advice. PMID- 6973718 TI - Specializing without going back to school. PMID- 6973710 TI - Acetylcholine receptor antibody synthesis by thymic lymphocytes: correlation with thymic histology. AB - Antiacetylcholine receptor antibody (anti-AChR) was spontaneously synthesized by cultured thymic tissue from 19 of 35 patients with myasthenia gravis. Two other thymus cultures produced antibody after stimulation by pokeweed mitogen. Antibody production correlated with histologic evidence of thymitis, long duration of symptoms, or high serum anti-AChR values. None of seven thymomas synthesized antibody in culture, but evidence suggested that there had been in vivo synthesis or trapping of anti-AChR. Clinical improvement after thymectomy, during the short period of study, did not correlate with synthesis rates of anti-AChR production by the removed thymus. The rates of anti-AChR production in culture were too low to suggest that the thymus is the major source of this antibody. Although we did not find a clear relationship between anti-AChR antibody and clinical state within 3 months of thymectomy, in a study of 25 nonimmunosuppressed, nonthymoma patients followed for 1 to 4 years, we found a significant correlation (p less than 0.05, Spearman Rank correlation) between fall in anti-AChR antibody and clinical improvement after thymectomy (unpublished observations). PMID- 6973720 TI - Understaffed? Here's how to prove it. PMID- 6973721 TI - Facing up to conflict. PMID- 6973722 TI - How to work more comfortably with grief: your own and your patients'. The secret is being real. PMID- 6973719 TI - 16 ways to be a better staff nurse. PMID- 6973723 TI - How to work more comfortably with grief: your own and your patients': we're never prepared for infant death. PMID- 6973724 TI - How to work more comfortably with grief: your own and your patients': suffering is the real enemy. PMID- 6973725 TI - Problem solving: how to help others do their own (so you don't have to). PMID- 6973727 TI - Protect your patients from nurse addicts. PMID- 6973726 TI - What to do when you feel overwhelmed by added responsibility. PMID- 6973728 TI - What's a nurse doing in business? PMID- 6973729 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6973731 TI - Hazards from colour vision defects. PMID- 6973730 TI - Control of intractable atonic postpartum hemorrhage by 15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - Severe intractable atonic postpartum hemorrhage can be treated by either uterine packing or surgical techniques. However, certain prostaglandins possess properties of potential value for the control of postpartum uterine atony. Two hundred fifty micrograms 15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha (15-methyl PGF2 alpha) was given intramuscularly to 16 subjects for whom a uterine pack of operative management was the only other alternative. Fifteen patients responded satisfactorily following a mean of 1.75 injections (437.5 microgram); only 1 patient required hysterectomy. The latter had a case of severe intrauterine infection. The incidence of side effects was very low. The use of intramuscularly administered 15-methyl PGF2 alpha in uncontrollable atonic postpartum hemorrhage appears to be a valuable lifesaving medical tool in critical cases. PMID- 6973733 TI - Role of delayed hypersensitivity and cytostatic macrophages in the rejection of an allo-transplantable murine tumor. AB - Growth of an allo-transplantable tumor, sarcoma-180, was suppressed in ICR mice immunized with mitomycin C-treated tumor cells in Hanks' solution or heat-killed tumor cells mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant 7 days before subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cells. In those mice, cytotoxic lymphocytes were not detected in spleen, lymph node or peritoneal exudate cells before or after tumor inoculation. The activities of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity were not found in sera. Cytostatic activity was detected in peritoneal glass-adherent cells, but not in glass nonadherent cells. Such an activity was also conferred on normal peritoneal glass adherent cells by incubation with the culture supernatant of lymph node cells from preimmune mice and tumor cells. Cytostatic macrophages mediated by lymphokine-producing lymphocytes may be at least one of the main effector mechanisms in resistance against such an allo-transplantable tumor line. PMID- 6973734 TI - Pars plana lensectomy for subluxated and dislocated lenses. AB - Pars plana lensectomy by ultrasonic fragmentation appears to be the treatment of choice for extraction of subluxated and dislocated lenses. The closed system technique allowed extraction of 11/11 subluxated lenses without operative or postoperative complications with an average observation period of 4.5 years. The technique was employed in four traumatically dislocated lenses in eyes with accompanying traumatic pathology requiring additional surgical procedures, i.e., cryoretinopexy and scleral buckling. There were no complications in 4/4 eyes with an average observation period of 1.5 years. Pars plana lensectomy avoids many of the complications of the open-sky limbal approach i.e. anterior synechiae, vitreous incarceration, wound dehiscence, aphakic or pupillary block glaucoma, bullous keratopathy, epithelial ingrowth, stromal ingrowth or outgrowth and surgically induced astigmatism. PMID- 6973735 TI - Long-term changes in corneal endothelium following intraocular lens implantation. AB - To understand the long-term effects of intraocular lens implantation on corneal endothelium, 52 eyes with intraocular lens implantations and 35 eyes with simple cataract extractions were studied using clinical specular microscopy. Endothelial photographs were obtained preoperatively and at least four times in the postoperative period in each case. The postoperative period ranged from 16 to 43 months. Our observations demonstrated that intraocular implants produce a greater magnitude of endothelial cell damage and iris-supported lenses have a more deleterious effect on the corneal endothelium compared with anterior chamber lenses. Seventy-one percent of the eyes with intraocular implants demonstrated precipitates on the endothelium with 16% developing guttata-like areas. All these changes were progressive with time with no such phenomenon occurring in eyes with simple cataract extractions. The progressive endothelial cell damage may be a sequel of chronic, smoldering uveitis associated with intraocular implants. PMID- 6973732 TI - High-dose methotrexate with a safe rescue program. AB - 23 patients with osteogenic sarcoma were observed during 142 6-hour high-dose infusions of methotrexate (MTX, 3,000--8,200 mg/m2). Calcium leukovorin was given by intravenous injection at 3-hour intervals beginning 2 h after the completion of each MTX infusion with extension of the intervals to 6 h following the first day of rescue. All patients also received continuous intravenous infusions of alkalinized fluids for the entire duration of leukovorin rescue. No larger doses of leukovorin were given to any patient. Three of the 142 MTX infusions resulted in mild cytotoxic side effects. Plasma MTX clearance ranged from 90 to 600 ml/min among the 62 infusions where plasma clearance could be accurately calculated. The 3 patients with mild toxicity had low drug clearance, but others with similar low MTX clearance experienced no apparent toxic effects beyond the expected transient nausea. PMID- 6973736 TI - The clinical immunology of Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - Graves' ophthalmopathy is frequently a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for practicing ophthalmologists. We have reviewed the clinical immunology of this disorder with regard to clinical manifestations, humoral immunity, and cellular immunity. Special emphasis with applicable clinical and laboratory data is given to the hypothesis that Graves' thyrotoxicosis and ophthalmopathy may be frequently associated diseases rather than disorders caused by a common pathogenetic mechanism. Dysthyroidism may be the substrate for the development of the ophthalmopathy, but the two disorders probably are caused by different immunopathogenetic mechanisms. PMID- 6973738 TI - [Comparative study of age-related surface markers of lymphocyte subpopulations]. PMID- 6973737 TI - [Electrostimulation of the thigh muscles under a plaster cast in treating knee injuries]. PMID- 6973739 TI - Trypanosoma musculi in CBA mice: trypanocidal mechanism eliminating dividing forms. AB - Large, inocula of dividing form-enriched Trypanosoma musculi parasites, harvested from the peritoneal cavity of infected CBA mice, were given intravenously to mice at various times during the infection. Mice infected for 10 or 15 days (including T cell-deprived, infected mice) eliminated dividing parasites from the blood within a few min, whereas those at earlier stages (1 or 5 days) were less efficient. The initial control of T. musculi parasitaemia thus appears to be due to a trypanocidal mechanism rather than reproduction-inhibiting factor (ablastin). PMID- 6973740 TI - New defined and semi-defined media for cultivation of the flagellate Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - Studies on the nutrition and physiology of Trichomonas vaginalis have been hampered by the lack of a defined synthetic medium in which to grow the organism. New synthetic media free of ill-defined supplements and serum which support good growth of T. vaginalis have been developed in this study. The first successful approach to a defined medium resulted from the modification of the tissue-culture medium CMRL 1066. Essential modifications included (1) lowering the redox potential of the medium by adding high levels of ascorbate and (2) modifying the buffer system. Subsequently, CMRL 1066 was replaced by two new media DL7 and DL8 which have greater flexibility in their formulation and permit improved serum free growth. Serum was replaced by bovine serum albumin and cholesterol, together with either a glyceryl fatty acid ester or a defined mixture of fatty acids. Preliminary nutritional studies using the new media have indicated a requirement for saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and a sterol. PMID- 6973741 TI - In vitro proliferative response to living schistosomula by T lymphocytes from mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The development of T cell reactivity toward schistosomula during murine Schistosoma mansoni infection has been studied using an adaptation of the in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay in which the response is elicited by exposure to living schistosomula. The reactivity measured in this system was shown to be a T lymphocyte function and to require the presence of adherent cells. This assay may therefore provide a new method for analysis of basic interactions between host cells and schistosomula. Lymph node cell responses were observed in two phases, the first of which appeared during the second week after infection, reflecting the immunogenicity of schistosome larval forms. A later, more pronounced response appeared during the chronic stage of infection, where sensitization appeared to be stimulated primarily by ongoing exposure to adult worms, rather than eggs. Lung-stage and skin-stage larvae elicited a similar degree of thymidine uptake by cells from chronically infected mice. Intact skin stage larvae and particulate fractions provoked greater proliferation than soluble larval constituents, indicating that the lymphocyte response is directed in large part toward determinants which remain associated with the schistosomula during culture. However, the presence of major histocompatibility complex products on the membrane of lung-stage schistosomula did not influence the presentation of larval antigens to sensitized lymphocytes. The implications of these findings in immunity to schistosomiasis are discussed. PMID- 6973742 TI - Office medical records. PMID- 6973743 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin in recurrent and chronic respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 6973744 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin level in children with juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6973745 TI - [Respiratory parameters in children with different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6973746 TI - Primary nonspecific ileal ulceration as a cause of massive rectal bleeding. AB - A case of primary ulceration of the ileum in the absence of a Meckel's diverticulum or ectopic gastric tissue is described. Although this condition is infrequently observed, it should be considered as a potential cause of massive rectal bleeding, iron deficiency anemia of unknown cause, perforation, or partial small bowel obstruction. The diagnosis is normally made at surgery. Segmental resection with end-to-end anastomosis is the treatment of choice. Recurrence following surgery is rare. PMID- 6973747 TI - Simultaneous recovery of beta-lactamase-negative and beta-lactamase-positive Haemophilus influenzae type b from cerebrospinal fluid of a neonate. AB - A case of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in a neonate from whom both a beta-lactamase-negative and a beta-lactamase-positive strain were isolated simultaneously is reported. Both bacteriology laboratory technicians and clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon when performing sensitivity tests on H influenzae isolates or treating patients with serious H influenzae infection. PMID- 6973749 TI - Nursing assessment of the patient with high blood pressure. AB - Whether or not the nurse is responsible for the complete assessment of a patient with high blood pressure, he or she should be capable of completing the subjective data base according to the guidelines provided. The extent to which nurses participate in the collection of objective data will depend upon their level of comfort with the process, their prior training, and the setting. A knowledge base should be developed that is sufficient to collaborate with the health team (which includes the patient) in order to identify problems, formulate interventions, and evaluate outcomes. The problem-oriented approach is presented as a rational approach to the assessment process. The problem-oriented health record provides documentation of care and account-ability, both of which are important to nursing as a profession. The results of the total assessment provide the information necessary to begin the extended process of patient education and contracting that is necessary in the treatment of high blood pressure. Armed with knowledge, concern, enthusiasm, an inquiring mind, and a rational approach, the nurse can have a significant impact on the quality of care available to those at risk from hypertension. PMID- 6973748 TI - [Antibodies against soluble nuclear antigens of the SS-A or SS-B type. Significance in systemic lupus erythematosis (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-five patients with systemic lupus were investigated for serum antibodies specifically directed against soluble proteic nuclear antigens similar to the SS A and SS-B antigens. The presence of these antibodies did not make much difference in the clinical and biological symptoms of the disease, except for a higher incidence of Gougerot-Sjogren's syndrome with clinical manifestations. Their prevalence in systemic lupus erythematosus was 35%, anti-SS-A antibodies being more frequent than anti-SS-B antibodies (27% and 4,5% respectively). A third different antibody was found in 3% of the patients. These precipitating anti-SS-A or SS-B antibodies have no prognostic significance. They may be present in the absence of antinuclear antibodies detectable by immunofluorescence. PMID- 6973750 TI - [Analysis of the incidence of tuberculosis among children hospitalized 1974 1979]. PMID- 6973751 TI - [Indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in suppurative respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 6973752 TI - [Effect of maintenance MOPP/COPP treatment on the number and function of peripheral T- and B-lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease during remission]. PMID- 6973753 TI - [Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin level in persons with long-term exposure to nitrogen oxides]. PMID- 6973754 TI - Participation of serotonin in development of morphine dependence in mice and rats. AB - The effect of compounds inhibiting serotonergic transmission (reserpine, cyproheptadine, LSD) and stimulating it (imipramine, fluoxetine, 5 hydroxytryptophan) on the development of morphine dependence in mice and rats was investigated. Reserpine inhibited the development of morphine dependence in mice and rats. A combined treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan and reserpine reversed the inhibitory action of reserpine on development of morphine dependence in mice. Cyproheptadine did not affect and LSD potentiated the formation of morphine dependence in mice. Imipramine potentiated the development of dependence in mice and rats and fluoxetine in mice. The results suggest that a decrease in the function of serotonergic system inhibits the development of morphine dependence, while stimulation of this system potentiates the development of the dependence in mice and rats. It seems that the retention of activity of presynaptic serotonin nerve endings is of importance in the development of dependence. PMID- 6973757 TI - A case of lung, eye and brain disease. PMID- 6973755 TI - Haemophilus endocarditis. AB - Two cases are presented of Haemophilus endocarditis in patients with presumed normal valves. One case was due to H. influenzae presenting as a typical case of infective endocarditis and the other was due to H. para-influenzae presenting as an acute pyrexia of unknown origin. The difficulties in making the diagnosis and the optimal treatment are discussed. PMID- 6973756 TI - Poor rectal absorption of trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole in treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - A 24-year-old female with Hodgkin's disease and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was tested with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) tablets. Because treatment failure was feared owing to chronic emesis potentially resulting in incomplete drug absorption, the same TMP/SMX dose was administered by rectal suppositories after the 5th day of oral dosing. The relative fractions (rectal/oral) or the suppository dose absorbed for TMP and SMX were 3.0% and 19.5% respectively. When TMP/SMX treatment is required and the oral route is not practical, the investigational i.v. preparation should be obtained. PMID- 6973758 TI - [How to treat malaria in the 80s (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973763 TI - Sex dimorphism in responsiveness to hormonal induction of female behavior in frogs. PMID- 6973762 TI - Calcium-binding sites on sensory processes in vertebrate hair cells. AB - Vertebrate lateral line and vestibular systems center their function on highly mechanosensitive hair cells. Each hair cell is equipped with one kinocilium (which resembles a motile cilium) and 50-100 actin-containing stereocilia (which resemble microvilli) at the site of stimulus reception. This report describes electron-microscopic localization of calcium-binding sites on the sensory processes of vertebrate hair cells. Using the Oschman-Wall technique for calcium localization [Oschman, J. L. & Wall, B. J. (1972) J. Cell Biol. 55, 58-73] together with electron-probe x-ray microanalysis of thin sections, we observed: (i) calcium- and iron-containing deposits in the region of the ciliary necklace in goldfish lateral line hair cells, (ii) calcium deposits upon the surface of stereocilia of hair cells of the bullfrog inner ear, and (iii) calcium deposits upon stereocilia of hair cells of the guinea pig vestibular system. PMID- 6973759 TI - Bacillus licheniformis penicillinase: cleavages and attachment of lipid during cotranslational secretion. AB - The penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis is shown to be secreted cotranslationally. In extracts it was formed by membrane-associated but not by free polysomes; and after extracellular labeling of cells, followed by completion of the growing chains on polysomes in vitro, labeled penicillinase could be immunoprecipitated. This product contained electrophoretic peaks of Mr 36,000, 33,000, and 29,000, which correspond to previously reported forms of the enzyme. The Mr 36,000 form exhibits moderate hydrophobicity, as expected of a precursor with an NH2-terminal signal sequence for secretion. In addition, part of the Mr 33,000 fraction evidently contains a lipid: it is even more hydrophobic, and [2 3H]glycerol was found to be incorporated into these molecules but not into the other forms of the enzyme. These findings renew the earlier, discarded suggestion that the Mr 33,000 membrane-bound penicillinase in the cells contains lipid. The incorporation of lipid and two different cleavages can evidently all occur during growth of the penicillinase chain. Moreover, the resulting terminal regions are all accessible to extracellular labeling on growing chains. Several additional, unidentified lipoproteins also incorporate lipid during chain growth. PMID- 6973760 TI - Expression of cell surface markers after human B lymphocyte activation. AB - The fate of two recently described human B lymphocyte-specific antigens (B1 and B2) was studied after B-cell activation in vivo and in vitro. Whereas both B1 and B2 were present on virtually all B cells from normal lymph nodes, B2 was absent from approximately 50% of B cells from hyperplastic lymph nodes. When B cells from spleen, tonsil, or peripheral blood were stimulated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen, activated cells were found to lose B2 (days 4-5) and subsequently B1 (days 6-7). Temporally, B2 loss was accompanied by loss of surface IgD, expression of T10, and the development of intracytoplasmic IgM; B1 loss was correlated with the acquisition of surface IgG and the appearance of intracytoplasmic IgG. Peripheral blood B cells, on which B2 is normally only weakly expressed (B1++++B2+) in contrast to B cells from secondary lymphoid organs (B1++++B2++), exhibited a transitory increase in B2 expression to the B1++++B2++ phenotype prior to B2 disappearance during activation. Taken together with other findings, this observation suggests that peripheral blood may contain a relatively immature subpopulation of B cells. PMID- 6973761 TI - Retrovirus-encoded transformation-specific polyproteins: expression coordinated with malignant phenotype in cells from different germ layers. AB - A transformation-associated polyprotein designated "gag-x" was previously shown to be induced by the feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) after the nonproductive transformation of rat or mink cells. We found that this protein was also expressed in cells derived from the native species (cat) with or without the production of feline leukemia helper virus (FeLV) and that cats could mount a humoral antibody response to the transformation-specific (x) portion of the molecule. Such antisera also reacted with the feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) by membrane immunofluorescence. Expression of the gag-x protein was coordinated with malignant phenotype in that both transformed cat fibroblasts and cultured cells from a FeSV-induced melanoma expressed antigenically indistinguishable proteins of the same size. These cells are derived from different embryonic germ layers, suggesting that such transformation related proteins may function in a pleiotropic manner when introduced by a virus. PMID- 6973764 TI - Bioelectricity and fracture healing. PMID- 6973765 TI - Effects of indomethacin on hematopoiesis in mice. AB - The effect of indomethacin treatment on hematopoiesis in mice was examined. Twenty-four hours following the onset of treatment there was 3-fold increase in bone marrow non-specific esterase positive cells (NEPC) as compared to the initial level. Two days later a two-fold increase in spleen and peritoneal NEPC was observed. In all the organs examined, NEPC returned to its basal level after cessation of treatment. The increase in number of NEPC was accompanied by an elevation in CSF production. The effect of indomethacin on peripheral blood cells was also determined. A significant decrease in hematocrit level was found following the treatment. In addition, it was further found that following the drug treatment there was a significant reduction of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin levels. PMID- 6973766 TI - [The structured psychopathological determination systems SPES-A and SPES-B]. PMID- 6973767 TI - Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys: a new source of family planning data. PMID- 6973772 TI - The Belgian Heart Disease Prevention Project: type "A" behavior pattern and the prevalence of coronary heart disease. AB - A relation between the Type A behavior pattern and the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), independent of other coronary risk factors, was demonstrated in the Belgian Heart Disease Prevention Project. The association was strongest with angina pectoris or with electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in subjects with known CHD; however, particular aspects of the Type A behavior pattern dealing with time urgency were also related to ECG abnormalities in patients with no angina pectoris and no history of CHD. PMID- 6973768 TI - The Case Record Rating Scale: a method for rating symptom and social function data from case records. AB - Case records provide a vast resource of information for clinical research, yet their value has been limited by several methodological problems. One of these has been the absence of standardized approaches for making diagnoses and other clinical judgments from case record data. This report describes the Case Record Rating Scale, an instrument designed to provide a standardized method for abstracting case record information. The reliability of the scale is demonstrated, and the advantages and problems encountered using case record data for research are described. PMID- 6973770 TI - Epidemiology of mental disorders in Camberwell. AB - A two-stage psychiatric survey of a random samples of adults aged 18-64 from Camberwell is described. Agency interviewers carried out the first stage (N = 800), using the shorter form of the Present State Examination (PSE). MRC interviewers, using the full PSE, saw a stratified sample of these (N = 310) in the second stage. A second interview was sought with all those of Index of Definition (ID) level 5 and above at the first interview ("cases") and with random sample of those below that level 20.9% refused or were never available for the first interview. Of the 800 subjects successfully interviewed, 10% refused a further interview and 124% of those finally selected for this interview were either unavailable or changed their minds. The MRC data, weighted to represent the whole sample, are used in our analyses. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder as defined in our study was calculated at 6.1% for men and 14.9% for women. Women showed a higher prevalence of disorder in the age-groups 25-34 and 45-54, but in men there was no significant association with age. In contrast to the findings of Brown & Harris (1978), social class did not have a strong association with disorder. Single men had much higher rates than married men, while the reverse was true in women. In both sexes employment was associated with lower rates of disorder. An attempt to explain the high prevalence in women in terms of their role in marriage and child-care was only partly successful. PMID- 6973769 TI - Factors affecting the consumption of psychotropic drugs. AB - This paper presents some results from a survey conducted in West London in 1977. The 2-week prevalence of psychotropic drug consumption was found to be 10.9% and almost identical figure to that obtained in an earlier survey conducted 8 years previously. The reasons for the absence of the expected rise in prevalence of consumption are discussed. Consumption was found to be strongly associated with various measures of health, and there was a marked sex difference in drug consumption (females greater than males) which was independent of health. PMID- 6973771 TI - Is alcohol consumption log-normally distributed among fourteen- to seventeen-year olds? PMID- 6973773 TI - Studies on the absorption of the pancreatic function test peptide, N-benzoyl-L tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid, and related compounds by isolated rat small intestine. AB - The peptide, N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid, which is used in an oral test of pancreatic function, has been perfused through isolated rat small intestine in order to determine whether it can be absorbed across the intestine in intact form, and whether it is hydrolysed appreciably by intestinal enzymes. For comparison, transport of N-benzoyl-DL-tyrosine, L-tyrosine, L-tyrosyl-L leucine and p-aminobenzoic acid has also been studied. Very small amounts of bound tyrosine (probably mainly intact peptide plus some benzoyl-tyrosine) and of free p-aminobenzoic acid crossed the intestine during perfusion with N-benzoyl-L tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid. Adsorbed pancreatic enzymes were possibly responsible for the very small amount of hydrolysis of the peptide. However, no detectable free tyrosine crossed the intestine during perfusion with N-benzoyl-L tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid or with N-benzoyl-DL-tyrosine. In contrast, substantial quantities of free tyrosine crossed the intestine during perfusion with L-tyrosine or with L-tyrosyl-L-leucine. Net transport of tyrosine from L tyrosyl-L-leucine was less than that from equimolar free L-tyrosine; no detectable intact L-tyrosyl-L-leucine crossed the intestine. During perfusion with free p-aminobenzoic acid the concentration in the serosal secretion apparently exceeded that in the lumen by a factor of 1.7; this suggests active transport of p-aminobenzoic acid. PMID- 6973774 TI - [The laboratory in monitoring high-risk pregnancy]. AB - 108 cases of high-risk pregnancy are object of our investigation (gestosis, feto placental insufficiency, chronic nephropathy, rhesus immunization). HCG, plasma estriol, HPL and beta1-SP1-glycoprotein have been studied. The simultaneous determination of the four hormones makes it possible to establish the degree of the pregnancy risk, eventual fetal suffering and the hormonal course of pregnancy. PMID- 6973775 TI - [Neuroradiological experiences iopamidol, a new non-ionic hydro-soluble contrast medium. Comparison to metrizamide with special considerations of side effects and pharmacodynamics with regard to clinical use (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given about the non-ionic hydrosoluble contrast medium Iopamidol, which is compared to metrizamide for lumbosacral radiculography and computed tomography cisternography (CTC). The side effects are discussed. A raised attenuation value of brain parenchyma is the effect of a migration of contrast medium into extracellular space. A quantitative measurement is possible through density profiles at different times after the contrast application together with planimetry, which are characteristic for the normal and the various pathologic kinds of CSF dynamics. These results and the simultaneously registered EEG changes are giving informations of the pathophysiology of intrathecally used contrast media. Therefore is indispensable to keep the amount of contrast substance as low as possible. The paper gives hints for the dosage. PMID- 6973777 TI - [Basic studies on radionuclide computed tomography using a rotating chair (author's transl)]. AB - Radionuclide Computed Tomography (RCT) was studied from the technical standpoint of view. In this study, a gamma camera (Ohio Nuclear sigma 410S) and a rotating chair designed by one of us were used. The computer used was Scintipac 1200 (32 kW memories and 2.4 MB X 2 disk memories). A cylindrical phantom having a diameter of 20 cm was also designed by us into which various-sized tubes could be inserted for resolution study. The phantom was set on the chair, the center of which was 20 cm off from the surface of the detector. The chair was rotated manually 10 degrees, and finally 36 digital images in the form of 64 X 64 elements were obtained, covering an entire circumference. RCT images were displayed in the form of 128 X 128 elements on a X-ray film through a Microdot Imager. At first, the phantom was filled with 99mTc solution and the uniformity of the RCT image on it was checked using several formulae for count rate correction to find out which one of the formulae was best fitted. For the reconstruction of the RCT image, "filtered back projection" was used. Then, we found that, as far as out phantom study was concerned, simple geometrical mean on the data from the two opposing directions was found the best for the count rate corrections, which was exclusively used thereafter. The fluctuation on the uniform source was found to be approximately 15%. For the resolution study, hot tubes having diameters of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 cm and cold tubes of 1.5, 2.4, 3.5, and 4.7 cm were inserted into the phantom. As for the hot tubes, all the tubes were depicted on the RCT image whereas 2.4 cm was the smallest depicted for the cold tubes. FWHM was checked with a fine line source in the phantom and was found to be 2.0 cm regardless to its depth. The Alderson liver phantom was also used to detect defects in the air and it was found both balls having diameters of 2.7 and 3.7 cm could be depicted on the RCT image. Now we are evaluating clinical usefulness of this technique on the liver. The results will be published in the near future. PMID- 6973776 TI - [HLA, schizophrenias and arthropathies]. AB - Significantly more individuals with human leucocyte antigens (HLA) A9 and B27 have been identified in the group of chronic paranoid schizophrenics with early onset of the disease. It is known that individuals with HLA B27 have a markedly increased risk to fall ill from arthropathies (i.e. Bechterew's disease). Generally, it seems extremely rare that arthropathies and schizophrenia occur together in the same person. In 16 chronic paranoid schizophrenics with HLA B27 no form of arthropathy and in 288 arthropathic patients no case of schizophrenia could be detected (evidenced in a psychiatric case register). Furthermore in 131 arthropathic patients with HLA B27 no psychiatric disease (except one feeble minded and one with alcohol problems) could be identified. On the other hand, in the group of arthropathic patients without HLA B27 the incidence of psychiatric diseases was 5 times higher than in the group with HLA B27 and so comparable to the morbidity of the normal population. It is conceivable that HLA B27 is a 'genetic marker' for arthropathy as well as for a defined subgroup of schizophrenia. These data agree with the hypothesis that schizophrenia and arthropathies are mutually exclusive in one individual. PMID- 6973778 TI - [T-lymphoblastic lymphoma convoluted-cell type: mammographic picture (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973781 TI - [Use of a magnetic closing device for continent colostomies]. PMID- 6973780 TI - [Prevalence of Australia antigen (HBsAg) in patients with Hansen's disease]. PMID- 6973783 TI - [Cervicothoracic sympathectomy in the treatment of chronic ischemia of the upper limbs]. PMID- 6973782 TI - [Arthrodesis by compression of the proximal interphalangeal joint]. PMID- 6973785 TI - [Model of a program for the prevention and detection of gynecologic cancer in developing countries]. PMID- 6973779 TI - [Adenogram in carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 6973784 TI - [Emphysematous cholecystitis. Study of a surgical case]. PMID- 6973786 TI - [Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux by round ligament-cardiopexy]. PMID- 6973788 TI - [Eosinophilic cystitis. Report of a case]. PMID- 6973789 TI - [High-risk surgery in patients with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6973787 TI - [New parameters of quality in medical education]. PMID- 6973790 TI - [Prognosis of breast cancer associated with pregnancy or lactation]. PMID- 6973791 TI - [Hiatal hernia. Clinical study of 255 cases]. PMID- 6973792 TI - [Extramedullary plasmacytoma located in the gastrointestinal tract. Report of a case]. PMID- 6973793 TI - [Traumatic urethral stricture in children]. PMID- 6973794 TI - [Use of proximal gastric vagotomy in the surgery of stenosing duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6973795 TI - [Stevens-Johnson syndrome]. PMID- 6973797 TI - [Present status of syphilis in Brazil]. PMID- 6973796 TI - [Lumbosacral agenesis. The rehabilitation process. Report of a case]. PMID- 6973798 TI - [Microsurgical anastomosis of vas deferens: technical aspects]. PMID- 6973799 TI - [Colonoscopy: its contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the colon in children]. PMID- 6973801 TI - [Cutaneous metastasis of carcinomas]. PMID- 6973800 TI - [Computerized tomography in leukodystrophy]. PMID- 6973802 TI - [Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 6973803 TI - [Telethermography and breast cancer]. PMID- 6973804 TI - [Spontaneous internal biliary fistula. Clinical diagnosis by endoscopic examination]. PMID- 6973805 TI - [Renal malformations]. PMID- 6973806 TI - [Jaundice in surgical clinics. Data obtained from a review of 252 treated cases]. PMID- 6973807 TI - [Recurrent lower digestive tract hemorrhage. Angiodysplasia of the cecum associated with double aortic valvular disease]. PMID- 6973809 TI - [Indications for cimetidine]. PMID- 6973808 TI - [Alpha l-antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin in alcoholic portal cirrhosis]. PMID- 6973812 TI - Behcet's disease. Report of twelve patients in the Mexican population. PMID- 6973811 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: report of a new familial case]. PMID- 6973810 TI - [Early endoscopy in upper digestive hemorrhage. Its diagnostic usefulness and comparative analysis with radiological studies]. PMID- 6973814 TI - Early and late patency of aortocoronary vein grafts. AB - Early patency (two weeks) of 331 aortocoronary vein grafts was 89%. Late patency (one year) of 122 restudied grafts was 80%. A cumulative one year patency of 72% was calculated. Patency was similar for SV grafts, sutured distal to stenosis and segmental obstruction. Early patency was significantly decreased when the peroperative graft blood flow was 20 ml/min or less or the diameter of the recipient coronary artery was smaller than 1.5 mm. Cumulative one year patency was lower in symptomatic patients (54%) than in those who underwent consecutive reevaluation (80%). There was a trend towards improved patency rates for graft anastomosed to the left anterior descending coronary artery and grafts without pre-existing pathological changes. Patient parameters, such as at operation, sex, smoking habits, hypertension, lipid abnormalities, diabetes, previous myocardial infarction or depressed left ventricular function, had no bearing on patency. Graft failure occurring, despite refined surgical technique, is usually due to pathological changes of the vein graft per se or the recipient coronary artery and its vascular bed. PMID- 6973813 TI - T lymphocyte subpopulations in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of untreated patients with myeloma. AB - The quantitative distribution of the two main T lymphocyte subsets, recognizable by the 'high' and "low-affinity' E rosette-forming cell technique of West, was studied in both the bone marrow and peripheral blood from ten untreated multiple myeloma (MM) patients. A reduced total T lymphocyte count, with a relative predominance of 'low-affinity' T lymphocytes (putative suppressor T cells), was found in the peripheral blood. Within a normal total T lymphoid cell count, a predominance of the T lymphocyte subset with 'low-affinity' characteristics was also observed in the bone marrow. An inverse correlation, that was statistically significant, was seen between the monoclonal malignant cellular B component and the 'low-affinity' T cell percentage in all cases. It is concluded, therefore, that such an imbalance between the 'high' and "low-affinity' T subsets, with the latter predominating, could be of importance in the regulation of the growth rate of the monoclonal cellular B component. PMID- 6973815 TI - Angiographic changes in internal mammary artery and saphenous vein grafts, two weeks, one year and five years after coronary bypass surgery. AB - Coronary angiography was performed two weeks after coronary bypass surgery on 112/121 consecutive operative survivors (93%), on 97/119 one-year survivors (82%) and on 79/108 five-year survivors (73%). Occlusions of the grafts were uncommon after the first year. The cumulative five-year patency, calculated with the actuarial method, was 89% for internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts and 77% for aortocoronary saphenous vein (SV) grafts. Almost 70% of the SV grafts exhibited a 15-50% reduced diameter after one year and 10% showed progressive narrowing at five years. Diffuse luminal narrowing did not predict graft failure. The incidence of localized narrowings present at two weeks after surgery was, however, significantly higher among SV grafts, which occluded within one year, than among those patent after five years. In 5% of the IMA grafts the diameter was reduced 15-80% after five years. This was related either to obstruction at the anastomotic site or to low-grade proximal coronary stenosis. No less than 12% of the IMA grafts increased 20-50% in diameter as an adaptation to good distal runoff. PMID- 6973818 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris--surgical treatment]. AB - While, initially, emergency revascularization was expected to improve significantly the poor outlook in unstable angina, simultaneous advances in medical management led to controversial reports on the results of medical versus surgical therapy. Controlled randomized studies, especially the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Trial from 1972 to 1976, led to the conclusion that there is no evidence that emergency revascularization is superior to vigorous medical treatment. This conclusion is not universally accepted because surgical and anesthetic methodology has since been further developed, especially with the use of cardioplegia and intraaortic balloon-pumping. Our own results appear to confirm that patients with unstable angina can undergo surgery without elevated mortality, but that non-fatal perioperative infarction still occurs somewhat more frequently than in stable cases. PMID- 6973817 TI - Reduced lactate washout from the myocardium after combining St. Thomas I type cardioplegia with topical cooling of the heart. Myocardial oxygenation and performance after cardioplegia in coronary artery bypass grafting patients. AB - The myocardial oxygen extraction was diminished with a resulting coronary sinus blood oxygen saturation of 48 +/- 5 (SEM) %, as compared to the pre-bypass control level of 30 +/- 1%, two minutes after the ischaemic period in St. Thomas I type cardioplegia (CPL) with topical cooling of the heart during a coronary bypass operation. The myocardial oxygen extraction returned to prebypass levels after ten minutes of reperfusion following ischaemia and remained so after the bypass. The postischaemic myocardial lactate washout of the CPL-patients was compared to that of another group of coronary surgical patients, in whom intermittent ischaemia and topical cooling (IITC) were used for myocardial protection. It was found that the lactate washout two minutes after the single ischaemic period in the CPL-patients was far less than the lactate washout two minutes after each ischaemic period in the IITC-group. The greatest arterial coronary sinus lactate difference in the IITC-group was -1.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/l and in the CPL-group -0.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/l. Cardiac performance (assessed by the CI PCWP relationship) which was moderately depressed by the anaesthesia and surgery before bypass, returned gradually to the control level within 20 hours after operation. The present study shows that no apparent postischaemic abnormality in myocardial oxygen utilization develops when single dose cardioplegia, together with topical cooling of the heart, is used for myocardial protection, and that the accumulation of myocardial lactate during ischaemia is less during cardioplegia with topical cooling of the heart than during intermittent ischaemic with topical cooling for coronary artery bypass grafting operations. PMID- 6973816 TI - Five-year survival after coronary bypass surgery. AB - The survival and mortality of 128 consecutive patients, who underwent coronary bypass surgery at this clinic between 1970 and 1974, was assessed. All survivors were followed for a minimum of 60 months after surgery. The operative mortality was 5.5%. With increased experience annual operative mortality declined to 1.6% in 1974. The insertion of IMA grafts were related to a significant lower operative mortality. Six survivors (5%) underwent repeat procedures within five years after surgery. The five-year survival rate, calculated with the actuarial method, was 87%. Congestive heart failure and triple vessel disease were significantly more common in patients who died of cardiac disease within five years after surgery. PMID- 6973819 TI - [Prevalence of exposure to cardiovascular risk factors in 4 Swiss cities]. AB - Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were measured in a sample of 3665 adults between 16 and 70 years of age in four Swiss cities. 54.7% of men and 37.6% of women had either blood pressure values above 160/95 mm Hg or smoked at least 8 g tobacco per day, or had plasma cholesterol exceeding 260 mg/dl (6.73 mmol/l). The statistical associations between the three factors were studied with the following results: direct relation between hypertension and hypercholesterolemia the odd ratio standardized for age according to Mantel-Haenszel (ORmh) = 2.7 with a 95% confidence interval (IC95) = 1.8 to 4.1 - an inverse relation between hypertension and tobacco consumption - ORmh = 0.59, IC95 = 0.38 to 0.92. In order to investigate the variables associated with exposure to all three factors, an age-specific index of risk was calculated for each person using the multiple logistic function obtained in the Framingham study. In males, this index was elevated in subjects who were sedentary, obese and alcohol consumers, subjects who ate less than three meals a day and subjects who lived alone. The index was elevated in women who were obese, who ate less than three meals a day and in women living alone or without children. The mortality rate for ischemic heart diseases in the four towns was compared with known risk factors and with alcohol consumption. It appears that for both sexes the larger the population regularly drinking a moderate quantity of wine, the lower the mortality rate. The importance of a multifactorial approach to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases is emphasized. PMID- 6973820 TI - Calcium-dependent prolonged effects on melanophores of [4-norleucine, 7-D phenylalanine]-alpha-melanotropin. AB - A single injection of the melanotropin analog [4-norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine] alpha-melanotropin into frogs (Rana pipiens) caused near maximum darkening of the skins of the frogs for at least 6 weeks. Injections of the natural hormone alpha melanotropin or of the analog [Nle4]-alpha-melanotropin also caused darkening, but this effect lasted only a few days. Morphological examination of the skins of frogs injected with [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-melanotropin revealed that both dermal and epidermal melanophores were dispersed during the entire 6-week period. In vitro [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-melanotropin also causes prolonged darkening of the skin of the lizard Anolis carolinensis. In the absence of the melanotropin, skins previously darkened with the analog could be lightened by removal of calcium from the incubation medium but could then be redarkened by adding calcium. The cycle could be repeated indefinitely without addition of melanotropin. These results demonstrate the role of calcium in receptor signal transduction and the prolonged biological effects of [Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-melanotropin long after its removal from the assay medium. PMID- 6973822 TI - Suppression of immunity by stress: effect of a graded series of stressors on lymphocyte stimulation in the rat. AB - In rats a graded series of stressors produced progressively greater suppression of lymphocyte function, as measured by the number of circulating lymphocytes and by phytohemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocytes in whole blood and isolated cultures. This evidence suggests that stress suppresses immunity in proportion to the intensity of the stressor. PMID- 6973821 TI - Somatomedin B: mitogenic activity derived from contaminant epidermal growth factor. AB - The mitogenic effect of somatomedin B on human cultured glial cells was neutralized by the addition of antibodies to mouse epidermal growth factor. Somatomedin B contained epidermal growth factor--like activity, competing for binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor. It is concluded that contaminating epidermal growth factor may explain the entire mitogenic activity of somatomedin B. PMID- 6973823 TI - Preferential synthesis of the G1m(1) allotype of IgG1 in the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients. AB - Quantitations of the G1m(1) and G1m(3) allotypic determinants of human immunoglobulin G were performed by radioimmunoassay on cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from patients with multiple sclerosis and from patients with other neurological disorders. In multiple sclerosis patients that were heterozygous for these determinants, G1m(1) concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was greatly increased-reflected by an increased ratio of G1m(1)-in comparison with that of patients with other neurological disorders. These results suggest that in the heterozygous multiple sclerosis patients, most of the plasma cells in the central nervous system that secrete oligoclonal immunoglobulin G preferentially synthesize G1m(1) IgG1 molecules. PMID- 6973824 TI - Health needs and health services in rural Ghana. IDS Health Group. PMID- 6973826 TI - [Quantitative characteristics of individual lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood in brucellosis]. PMID- 6973825 TI - Pulmonary arteriography in patients with hilar or mediastinal masses and lung scans suggesting pulmonary embolism. AB - Three patients with clinical features of pulmonary embolism were evaluated by chest roentgenograms, perfusion lung scanning, and pulmonary arteriography. All of them had hilar and/or mediastinal masses which were obvious in one patient, subtle in another, and not discernible in the third. The three patients had abnormalities on lung scans, including unilateral absence of perfusion in two and lobar absence of perfusion in one. The extent of the perfusion defects correlated poorly with the roentgenographically visible masses. Pulmonary arteriograms were abnormal but none showed evidence of pulmonary embolism. Lung scanning is often unreliable in establishing the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in patients with hilar or mediastinal masses. Pulmonary arteriography may demonstrate the mass if it is vascular, or may show extrinsic compression upon the pulmonary vasculature. Lung scanning may be of value in localizing a mass not visible on chest roentgenogram in a patient suspected of harboring a bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 6973827 TI - [Acute infection with a high fever. Use of antipyretics and the appearance of a secondary febrile reaction]. PMID- 6973829 TI - Acute and chronic benign ulcers of the rectum. AB - In managing 21 patients with benign ulcers of the rectum, there were seven patients with acute bleeding ulcers and two with acute rectal necrosis. Acute, bleeding ulcers of the rectum are associated with serious illness or injury, similar to those thought to cause stress ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. Rectal prolapse, complete or incomplete, is the condition most commonly associated with chronic, benign ulcers of the rectum. Repair of the rectal prolapse was successful treatment. Two patients had a tight muscular stenosis at the anorectal ring. This appeared to be a causative factor as complete healing occurred after myotomy. PMID- 6973828 TI - [An unusual cause of acute gastric hemorrhage]. PMID- 6973830 TI - Portal hypertension and an occluded inferior vena cava: a problem in management. PMID- 6973831 TI - Therapeutic use of fiberoptic endoscopy. PMID- 6973832 TI - Serological testing in systemic lupus erythematosus: current concepts. PMID- 6973834 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage during naproxen treatment]. PMID- 6973835 TI - [Cow's milk protein allergy]. AB - Cow's milk protein allergy affects gastrointestinal morphology and function. The clinical symptoms depend on the localisation in the gut and on the type of the allergic reaction. In some patients cutaneous, respiratory and even urinary symptoms may also be present. As the condition is almost limited to the first year of life, transitory elimination of cow's milk from the diet is the treatment of choice. A number of patients with intractable diarrhoea suffers from undiagnosed cow's milk protein allergy. PMID- 6973836 TI - Role of cell-mediated hypersensitivity in budgerigar breeder's lung. AB - Eight subjects who possessed precipitating antibodies against budgerigar serum and budgerigar dropping extracts were investigated for the reactivity of their lymphocytes to the antigen. Lymphocytes from the five symptomatic breeders were significantly stimulated by budgerigar serum, but lymphocytes from the three asymptomatic breeders were not stimulated by this antigen, even though both groups showed precipitating antibodies. To investigate the participation of the T cell response against budgerigar serum, the peripheral blood lymphocytes were fractionated into T-cells, B-cells and monocytes. Only the T-cells responded to the antigen when the monocytes were present. We concluded from these studies that the T-cell-mediated immune response together with a significant contribution from the monocytes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bird breeder's lung. PMID- 6973833 TI - Spontaneous intramural rupture and intramural haematoma of the oesophagus. AB - Spontaneous intramural rupture or intramural haematoma of the oesophagus is a rare cause of acute pain in the chest and upper abdomen. Much less ominous than spontaneous complete rupture from which it must be distinguished, it seldom if ever necessitates operation. Five new cases are described and reviewed together with 15 collected from published reports. The dominant symptom of every case was severe and constant retrosternal or epigastric pain; concomitant dysphagia was mentioned in 11 cases. In seven the pain was preceded by or coincided with vomiting. The condition was related to other stresses in three and appeared to be truly spontaneous in 10. In approximately one-third of cases it started suddenly but more often it began as discomfort worsening rapidly. Fourteen patients vomited blood after experiencing pain but only four were given transfusions. In contradistinction to complete rupture, none had surgical emphysema and plain chest radiographs were unremarkable. All had abnormal gastrografin or barium swallows. Intramural haematomas with or without mucosal tears were seen in the 11 cases in which oesophagoscopy was performed. Fifteen patients made rapid and complete recoveries on conservative management. Of the four who did not respond satisfactorily, one had the oesophagus repaired, two had drainage of the mediastinum after failure to find the false lumen at thoracotomy, and one had only an abdominal exploration. The only death in the whole series occurred after a disastrous emergency exploration and subsequent total oesophagectomy. PMID- 6973837 TI - [Post-extraction management of the patient]. PMID- 6973838 TI - [T-cell sensitivity to thymus factors in chronic infectious foci in the periodontium]. PMID- 6973839 TI - [Cellular immunity factors in traumatic osteomyelitis of the mandible]. PMID- 6973840 TI - Short-term effect of irradiation on the peripheral lymphocyte populations in patients treated with high-energy photon beam. AB - Changes in lymphocyte populations wee studied in 22 patients with testicular cancer before and after a single 2-Hy dose of high-energy photon beam. Absolute lymphocyte counts as sell as total T-and active T cells markedly decreased immediately after irradiation, whereas no significant alterations in Fc receptor bearing lymphocytes and B cell counts were produced. Recovery of lymphocyte populations was relatively rapid, reaching pre-irradiation values by 24 hours. PMID- 6973842 TI - The effects of soluble cell product released by live thymocytes on lymphocyte movements in vivo. AB - Thymocytes have been found to release a glycoprotein when cultured for 1-2 h in serum-free media. This substance has been purified and has been called thymocyte interaction modulation factor (IMF). Thymocyte IMF is assayed in vitro by its ability to reduce the mutual adhesiveness between B lymphocytes. When thymocyte IMF is injected intravenously into mice syngeneic with the source of IMF, a rapid but short-lived leucocytosis in the blood is seen with a concomitant increase in the percentage of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) positive lymphocytes in the blood and decrease in the splenic sIg-positive lymphocyte percentage. The IMF probably causes a mobilisation of cells from the red pulp of the spleen. When radiolabelled lymphocytes are pretreated with IMF and the injected into syngeneic recipients, the localisation of cells in the liver, lymph nodes and small intestine is lower than that found with untreated cells. The mechanism of action of IMF is compared to other substances which alter lymphocyte circulation. PMID- 6973841 TI - Separation of human thymocytes at different stages of maturation by centrifugation on a discontinuous gradient of colloidal silica gel. AB - Separation of human intrathymic cells on a discontinuous gradient of colloidal silica gel (Percoll) yielded four layers. The first (density 1.054 +/- 0.002 g/ml) contained stromal cells and a few thymocytes positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt), most of which were bound to large Tdt negative non-T cells. The second layer (1.069+/- 0.003 g/ml) contained large Tdt negative thymocytes. The third and forth layers (1.075 +/-0.004 and 1.085 +/- 0.003 g/ml, respectively) contained smaller T cells, more than 95% of which were Tdt-positive. Functional studies revealed that cells from the first layer had a high level of spontaneous [3H]thymidine uptake but did not respond to lectins; the second layer responded to PHA, ConA, and allogeneic stimuli; and the third and fourth layers did not respond to lectin stimulation. Addition of cells from the first layer to the other layers at a 1 : 10 ratio significantly increased the mitogenic responses of the cells from the second layer, but not of those from the third or fourth layer. These results suggest that, as in mice and rats, low density intrathymic thymocytes in humans represent more mature T cells, the percentage of which increases with age. PMID- 6973843 TI - Effect of heat on lymphocytes. IV. Response of subsets of human lymphocytes to mitogens at 37 degrees C and 40 degrees C. AB - The proliferative response to peripheral blood mononuclear cells to phytohemagglutinin was enhanced at 40 degrees C when compared to those at 37 degrees C. This change in proliferative response was not affected by depletion of macrophages. However, T and non-T subsets of lymphocytes, separated by sheep red blood cell rosetting technique, differed in their responsiveness to mitogens at elevated temperatures. The replication of DNA in T cell by phytohemagglutinin was enhanced at 40 degrees C. The kinetics of proliferative response with regard to dose of mitogen or duration of culture was similar at both temperatures. The response of non-T cells (B-cell enriched fraction) to pokeweed mitogen was unaffected. Similar result were obtained in experiments with lymphocytes from tonsil and thymus. Coculture of purified T and non-T cells from the same individual showed that responses to mitogens were synergistically stimulated both at 37 and 40 degrees C. The effect of elevated temperatures on the response of lymphocytes to concanavalin A was found to be variable. PMID- 6973844 TI - Receptors for peanut agglutinin on a high percentage of human cord-blood lymphocytes: phenotype characterization of peanut-positive cells. AB - The results of this study show that a high percentage of human cord-blood lymphocytes bears receptors for peanut agglutinin. Determination of the presence of other lymphocyte markers (E rosettes, membrane immunoglobulins, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, Ia antigens) in the peanut-positive cells indicated that they include both T and B cells. The peanut receptor, also expressed by blast cells of most acute, but not chronic, leukemias, seems to be a marker of immaturity for both T- and B-lymphocyte subsets in man as it is in the mouse. PMID- 6973845 TI - A 35 000 dalton T-cell supernatant protein associated with suppression of mitogenic responses. AB - Synthesis of a CEM T-lymphoblast supernatant protein of 35 000 daltons (p35), which is scarcely expressed on CEM membranes, increased 8-fold when cells were grown in crowded cultures. Synthesis of p35 was more dependent upon crowding of cells on the flask bottom (maximum at 2.0 X 10(6) cells/cm2) than upon cell density in the culture medium (maximum at 3.0 X 10(6) cells/ml). Growth medium containing p35 inhibited the response of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes to PHA and to Con A. Supernatant media lacking p35, collected from low-density CEM cultures of from RAJI B lymphoblastoid cells which were grown under low or high density conditions, did not suppress mitogenic responses of normal lymphocytes. These experiments support the view that the p35 T-cell supernatant protein plays a regulatory role in cell proliferation and possibly in the immune system. PMID- 6973846 TI - Research into the pathogenesis of macular corneal dystrophy. AB - The morphology and histochemical attributes of the lesions in macular corneal dystrophy have been well characterized and thus far found to be restricted to the cornea. This inherited metabolic storage disease is thought to be a localized mucopolysaccharidosis and an enzymatic defect in the degradation of corneal keratan sulphate is suspected. Studies on cell cultures of fibroblasts from diseased corneas have as yet failed to extend our knowledge about the pathogenesis of the disorder. Such investigations have included the use of acridine orange and metachromatic dyes, assays for lysosomal enzymes, biochemical analyses of cells and media, as well as kinetic studies on the synthesis and degradation of radioactive glycosaminoglycans. Despite the lack of supportive evidence, the cell culture data nevertheless remain consistent with the hypothesis that macular corneal dystrophy is a disorder of keratan sulphate I catabolism, since the synthesis of keratan sulphate by corneal fibroblasts normally decreases markedly in culture. Studies on corneal explants with macular dystrophy have provided significant positive information about this dystrophy. Freshly excised corneas with macular dystrophy synthesize considerably less keratan sulphate than normal corneas, while they produce excessive amounts of glycopeptides which still need to be characterized. PMID- 6973847 TI - A study of drug resistance among Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A in an endemic area, 1977-79. AB - Tests for antibiotic resistance were carried out on 198 strains of Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi A isolated from cases of enteric fevers. Their minimal inhibitory concentrations for streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, furazolidine and co-trimoxazole were estimated by plate dilution technique. Four strains of S. typhi and one strain of S. paratyphi A were found to show multiple resistance with a set pattern of resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamide, tetracycline and spectinomycin. All the five strains carried R factors. Three of the resistant S. typhi belonged to Phage type 'O' and one was in Phage type 'A'. The single resistant S. paratyphi A belonged to Phage type '2'. PMID- 6973848 TI - Immunological control of hepatotoxicity and parasite egg excretion in Schistosoma mansoni infections: stage specificity of the reactivity of immune serum in T-cell deprived mice. AB - Within seven weeks of infection with 200 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, T-cell deprived mice have been shown to suffer from extensive microvesicular damage to hepatocytes, and an inability to excrete parasite eggs at the same rate as comparably infected, immunologically intact controls. Administration of serum (CIS) from chronically infected, immunologically intact donors prevented the development of microvesicular cell damage and partially restored egg excretion rates in infected deprived mice. Serum pools obtained from mice injected either with intact S. mansoni eggs or with a homogenate of eggs emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) were as effective as CIS in preventing hepatotoxicity and restoring the rate of egg excretion in infected deprived recipients. The degree of protection of liver tissue afforded by immune sera could be monitored either by histopathological examination of liver sections or by estimation of serum transaminase concentrations, the results from both assays being generally in agreement. Sera from donor mice injected with cercarial or worm antigens in FCA were relatively inactive either in protecting against S. mansoni-induced liver damage or in reconstituting egg excretion rates in infected deprived mice. Serum from donor mice infected with 25 cercariae became hepato-protective between 49 and 53 days after infection of the donors, and the degree of hepatoprotective activity and egg excretion reconstituting capacity in the serum of 25 cercariae infected donors was shown to increase between 8 and 16 weeks after infection. Increasing the size of infection of the serum donors to 100 cercariae gave only a marginal increase of hepatoprotective activity at 7 weeks when compared with serum donors infected with 25 cercariae for 7 weeks. Liver parenchymal cells of very heavily infected, immunologically intact mice were found to show microvesicular damage similar to that in livers of infected deprived mice, and administration of CIS to these normal mice was histopathologically protective. However, the elevated serum transaminase concentrations obtaining in the infected normal mice were not reduced to any extent by CIS. The results obtained from serum-reconstituted deprived mice are discussed in terms of the contribution they may make to a better understanding of the host-parasite relationship in immunologically intact mice. PMID- 6973849 TI - Identification and partial purification of an antigen (omega 1) from Schistosoma mansoni eggs which is putatively hepatotoxic in T-cell deprived mice. AB - T-cell deprived mice heavily infected with Schistosoma mansoni suffer from severe microvesicular damage to hepatocytes within seven weeks of infection. The damage can be prevented by administration of serum (CIS) obtained from mice chronically infected with S. mansoni or from mice immunized with intact or homogenized S. mansoni eggs. Reaction of serum samples from individual chronically infected mice in immunoelectrophoresis with S. mansoni egg homogenate has enabled the identification of at least 12 distinct immuno precipitation reactions. Precipitating antibody against one S. mansoni egg antigen, omega 1, has been detected in all mice with patent chronic infections, and anti-omega 1 antibody is the most concentrated of the precipitating anti-egg antibody species in pooled CIS. Pooled serum obtained from infected intact mice reacting predominantly against omega 1 was found partially to prevent the hepatotoxicity reaction on transfer to infected deprived mice. Serum samples from mice injected with egg homogenate fractionated either by preparative electrophoresis or by cation exchange chromatography, and containing antibodies reactive with antigen omega 1 in immunoprecipitation, were fully protective against liver cell damage induced by S. mansoni in deprived mice. Sera from mice immunized with other S. mansoni egg fractions, and which did not contain antibodies reactive with omega 1, were not hepatoprotective. Antigen omega 1 is compared and contrasted with other S. mansoni egg antigens that have been described. PMID- 6973850 TI - Chimpanzee antibodies to purified human Ia-like B cell antigens. PMID- 6973851 TI - Immunosuppressive activity of monoclonal anti-thy-1.2: comparison of monoclonal IgM and IgG with xeno-antithymocyte preparations. PMID- 6973852 TI - Cloned human T lymphocytes in PLT analysis of the HLA-D complex. PMID- 6973853 TI - Level of Ia-like antigens on human B and T lymphocytes. PMID- 6973854 TI - Cellular interactions in the regulation of the cytolytic T-lymphocyte response: the effect of suboptimal antigen dose. PMID- 6973855 TI - The role of cytotoxic T lymphocyte projections in target cell lysis. PMID- 6973856 TI - Maturation of cytotoxic effector cells at the site of allograft rejection. PMID- 6973858 TI - Specificity of delayed hypersensitivity responses in F1 hybrids. PMID- 6973859 TI - Functional cytotoxic T lymphocyte hybridomas. PMID- 6973860 TI - Augmentation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by anti immunoglobulin. II. Mechanism. PMID- 6973857 TI - Differences in cell surface phenotype of functionally disparate cloned T cells. PMID- 6973861 TI - Alloantibodies reacting exclusively with PHA-activated T lymphocytes. PMID- 6973863 TI - Disseminated expression of a "regional" graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR): detection of a new system of GVHR resistance. PMID- 6973862 TI - Development of graft-versus-host reaction in various target organs after small intestine transplantation. PMID- 6973864 TI - Role of two thymic microenvironmental fractions in the modulation of the graft versus-host reaction. PMID- 6973865 TI - Concerning the natural transplantation of maternal lymphocytes via milk. PMID- 6973866 TI - Physiology of alloreactivity: an interpretation. PMID- 6973867 TI - Antiidiotypes to monoclonal anti-H-2 and anti-Ia hybridoma antibodies. PMID- 6973869 TI - Basic principles in the management of pain. PMID- 6973868 TI - Murine antiviral proliferative and cytotoxic T-cell responses: specificities and role of the H-21 region. PMID- 6973870 TI - [Dynamics of the sympathetic-adrenal changes in the electrostimulation of patients with interoceptive-autonomic sexual dysfunction]. PMID- 6973871 TI - [Complicated forms of gastrointestinal cancer in emergency surgery]. AB - The authors give the definition of the term "complicated form" and classify the complications of gastro-intestinal carcinomas. The results of the treatment of 225 patients with complications of gastro-intestinal carcinomas are analyzed, 142 of them being subjected to urgent surgery. Complete occlusion ileus, peritonitis and continuous hemorrhage were considered by the authors to be indications for urgent operations. PMID- 6973872 TI - [Bleeding duodenal neoplasm in pregnancy]. PMID- 6973873 TI - [Scintillation chamber for clinical studies manufactured by the Gamma Combine (Hungarian People's Republic)]. PMID- 6973874 TI - Differential spectral photic damage to primate cones. PMID- 6973875 TI - The effect of long-term constant light on the frog pigment epithelium. PMID- 6973876 TI - Degenerative retinal diseases and exposure to light: methods of epidemiological study. PMID- 6973877 TI - A variant of red-green color defect. PMID- 6973878 TI - Chromatic subclasses of frog retinal ganglion cells: studies using black stimuli moving on a monochromatic background. PMID- 6973879 TI - Illusory colour changes in Hermann grids varying only in hue. PMID- 6973880 TI - Visual thresholds in dichromats and normals; the importance of post-receptoral processes. PMID- 6973882 TI - [Radioisotope scintigraphy and x-ray computed tomography in the diagnosis of endocrine hypertension due to tumors and adrenal hyperplasia]. PMID- 6973883 TI - [Attachment for the Elita-4 electroacupuncture apparatus]. PMID- 6973881 TI - [Dynamics of immunity indices in severe trauma]. PMID- 6973885 TI - [Treatment of effectiveness at a local sanatorium for children recovering from and at risk of rheumatism]. PMID- 6973884 TI - [Sinusoidal modulated currents in the combined treatment of children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6973887 TI - [Rheovasographic indices of the extremities in rheumatism]. PMID- 6973886 TI - [Content of b-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins and thyroglobulin antibodies in the blood in goiter]. PMID- 6973888 TI - [Immunologic deficiency states in adults]. PMID- 6973889 TI - [Immunologic indices in different forms of dysentery]. PMID- 6973890 TI - [Alphavirus reproduction in cultures of transplantable human lymphoblastoid cells during persistent infections]. AB - The results of virological investigations of alphavirus persistence in human B cell lines Raji and L-101 are presented. The formation of persisting infection was shown to depend both on the cell line and on the virus type. Productive persistent infection of Raji cells with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus was followed for 11 months. The presence of the virus was confirmed by electron microscopic and immunofluorescent examinations. Infectious virus production varied from 0.001 to dozens PFU/cell, and the content of viable cells from 100,000 to 300,000 in 1 ml of the culture fluid. Virus infectivity in the culture medium varied within the range of 5-7 lg PFU/ml. Human lymphoblastoid cells Raji persistently infected with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus were examined cytologically, karyologically, and electron microscopically. The long-term presence of the virus resulted in profound alterations in the cell population. Morphology of the cells and processes of division were changed, the mitotic index decreased, the rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation into cellular DNA increased. The mechanisms of persistence are discussed. PMID- 6973891 TI - [201T1 study of regional myocardial perfusion using a gamma counter and the EC1020 computer]. AB - Myocardial perfusion was followed up after 500-1000 muCi 201TI-chloride injection at a gamma camera Pho-Gamma HP, Nuclar, Chicago with 4060 channel analyser and the images, according to the programmes of the authors, were processed with a computer type EC 1020. Some of the patients were examined by removing the detector, aiming at magnifying of the image and enhancing the differentiation ability under I cm. In some borderline cases, the patients were examined under physical loading and at rest for the differentiation of the normal from the disperfusion myocardial zones. Ninety patients were examined with myocardial infarction, obs. myocardial infarction, stenocardia and left bundle branch block. New additional data were obtained, in all the patients as: infarction zones, hypoperfusion foci, mosaic image of myocardium, vizualization of microinfarction, etc. The processing of the images of the regional myocardial perfusion with 201TI from gamma camera by computer, is a new, considerably higher stage of radioisotope diagnostics. PMID- 6973892 TI - [Intestinal bacterial microflora study in chronic ulcerohemorrhagic colitis]. AB - Bacteriological tests on feces of patients with ulcerative-hemorrhagic colitis, in exacerbation, were carried out. The same patients were dynamically followed up as regards clinical picture and paraclinical indices, rectoromanoscopy include. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the fecal microflora was made according to the following indices: total number of mesophili aerobic microorganisms, coli bacteria, proteus, enterococci, staphylococci, Salmonella-bacteria. The pure cultures isolated were tested according to 30 biochemical indices, their precise classification position being determined on that base. The production of the following enzymes was studied in the cultures isolated: protease, oxyreductase -- catalase and peroxidase, aminotransferase -- COT and GPT; phosphatase -- acid and alkaline, disaccharidase and urease. The data obtained from the bacteriological studies were compared with those of a control group of healthy subjects. Elevated enzyme constellation was found among the patients with exacerbated ulcerative hemorrhagic colitis. PMID- 6973893 TI - Lightning burns. PMID- 6973895 TI - [Cases of Kartagener triad]. PMID- 6973894 TI - [Treatment of complicated furunculosis of the upper lip]. PMID- 6973896 TI - [Emission tomography of the brain (author's transl)]. AB - Emission tomography (ET) is a method for visualization of radionuclide distribution in transaxial section of a body region, especially the brain. Both single-photon emitting and positron emitting radionuclides may be utilized. Conventional radiopharmaceuticals are used for single-photon ET; it shows three dimensional distribution of radionuclides in normal and pathological brain structures and, when fast scanning techniques are used, permits the quantitative measurement of flow in small brain regions without interference from overprojection of differently perfused tissues. Coincidence detection of short lived positron emitting radionuclides has the advantage of good attenuation correction so that quantitative determination of the concentration of the radionuclide in small tissue volumes is possible. With these short-lived, usually cyclotron-produced radionuclides, dynamic and metabolic processes may be followed (e.g. regional oxygen consumption with 15O2, regional blood volume with 11CO, C15O or 68Ga, regional perfusion with 13NH3, C15O2 or 77Kr) and the consumption and distribution of labelled organic compounds may be quantified (e.g. local metabolic rate of glucose with 18F-deoxyglucose or glucose distribution with 11C methylglucose). The clinical application of these techniques may render new insight into pathophysiological mechanisms and the therapeutic management of diseases of the central nervous system. PMID- 6973897 TI - [Polymorphonuclear chemotaxis and serum autoantibodies in aging (author's transl)]. AB - Age-associated diseases or dysfunctions may be promoted by functional alterations of the immune system. The chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), representing an important factor in immune defence mechanisms, was investigated in a group of people with a mean age of 75.9 years. In addition the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, (Ig)M and (Ig)A and the presence of auto antibodies was determined. The chemotactic activity of PMN in aged people was not decreased when compared with the chemotactic activity of PMN in young persons. The serum levels of IgG, IgM and IgA were within normal limits. Antinuclear antibodies were found in titres of up to 160 in sera of 4 out of 20 aged persons. PMID- 6973898 TI - [The influence of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) on hormonal parameters of placental function in cases of placental insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) on the hormonal parameters of placental function (HPL and Estriol) in the serum of 39 patients between the 28th and 39th week of pregnancy was investigated. In this patients placental insufficiency was suspected because of low hormonal parameters or a diminished radioisotope placental perfusion test. During a hospitalization of 2 weeks these patients underwent a daily TNS-therapy for 2-3 hours. 2 or 3 hormonal values before these two-weeks therapy and 2 or 3 values after the therapy were compared. A significant difference (p less than 0.05; t-test) was found. HPL and Estriol mean values raised absolutely, but also in comparison to a group of patients of our clinic without placental insufficiency. A correlation between the onset of therapy at a certain week of gestation and it's effect could not be proved. The use of this riskless method as a therapy of placental insufficiency is recommended. PMID- 6973899 TI - [Examination of the effect of aorto-coronary revascularisation by means of exercise tests (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the value of exercise tests in the examination of the effect of aorto-coronary revascularisation. 48 patients (mean age 52 +/- 6 years) were examined 5.0 +/- 1.9 months before and 4.9 +/- 3.0 months after coronary revascularisation by means of coronary and left ventricular angiography. Left ventricular function at rest was unchanged. 122 grafts were constructed, the patency rate was 86%. Preoperatively two exercise tests with a bicycle ergometer were performed, some days before angiography and some days before operation, respectively. A third test was performed postoperatively (again some days before angiography). During exercise at identical work load, heart rate and systolic blood pressure did not change significantly pre- and postoperatively. At the second preoperative examination, pulmonary artery pressure (31.6 +/- 11.3 mm Hg) was significantly lower than at the first examination (36.3 +/- 10.8 mm Hg). Postoperatively there was a further decrease of mean pulmonary artery pressure (27.6 +/- 6.5 mm Hg). At the highest work load, mean pulmonary artery pressure was significantly lower at the second preoperative and at the postoperative examination (34.4 +/- 11.6 and 31.3 +/- 8.1 mm Hg versus 39.6 +/- 9.8 mm Hg). The explanation of the preoperative reduction of pulmonary artery pressure is not clear. The pressure decrease must be considered in the examination of the effect of aorto-coronary revascularisation by means of exercise tests. PMID- 6973900 TI - [Evaluation of coronary artery graft patency by computed tomography. Comparison with coronary arteriography (author's transl)]. AB - In 14 patients with 19 coronary artery saphenous vein by-pass grafts (ACVB), computed transmission tomography has been performed the day before selective coronary angiography. Non-dynamic, contrast-enhanced sequential scans at 8-mm intervals were obtained starting at the cranial clips, ending at the left ventricle. CT scans were interpreted without knowledge of the catheterisation results. Sensitivity of this technique is 88%. Out of 17 ACVB patent by catheterisation, 15 ACVB are patent by CT. One occluded ACVB to the right coronary artery was thought to be patent by CT scan. This non-invasive technique shows promise as a method to follow up patients after ACVB-grafting. PMID- 6973901 TI - [Macroscopic and micrometric examination of pressure-fixed human coronary orifices (author's transl)]. AB - The aortic roots with coronary orifices and coronary vessels were pressure-fixed in 54 postmortal hearts, by means of a special method. Two origin and one course anomaly of coronary vessels were found. A missing supravalvular ridge usually limiting the distal extent of the sinus Valsalvae was of no importance with regard to the regular function of the aortic valves. Atherosclerotic deposits were found more often in front of and in the orifices than directly behind them. In both atherosclerotic free and atherosclerotic orifices, the "cranial" walls proved to be on average thicker than "caudal" walls. The difference was greater on the left than on the right. In arteriosclerotic cases, this difference became on average considerably larger on the left, but remained relatively equal on the right side. Taking the hemodynamic conditions of the aortic root into account, the findings suggest that the angles between the aortic root and the coronary vessels have an influence on the wall thickness of the ostia. This possibly explains the more frequent occurrence of ostial stenoses on the right side. A smaller exit angle therefore appears advantageous in cases of artificial orifices, too. PMID- 6973902 TI - [Electrotherapy in general practice. Direct current, low-frequency impulse currents and middle-frequency alternating currents]. PMID- 6973903 TI - [Hemobilia as a cause of severe intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6973904 TI - [Analysis of subpopulations of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of schizophrenic patients]. AB - The reaction of lymphocytes to Con A and PHA and combined action of these 2 T mitogens in the peripheral blood was studied in schizophrenic patients (25 cases) and normal donors (21 cases). It was demonstrated that study of lymphocyte function in the peripheral blood with the aid of the 2 mitogens makes it possible to differentiate more distinctly the lymphocytes of schizophrenic patients and normals. It was established that the lymphocyte subpopulation capable of responding to both mitogens used is 4 times less in schizophrenics than in normal donors. The proportion of cells reacting only to one of these mitogens is significantly higher than in normals. The total content of mitogen-sensitive T lymphocytes in schizophrenic patients and normal donors is approximately the same and equals about 40% of the whole lymphocyte population in the peripheral blood. PMID- 6973905 TI - [Colonic angiodysplasia: report of a case and considerations]. AB - An important etiology of gastrointestinal disease hemorrhage is the angiodisplasic in the last decades the recognition of this pathology has advanced due to the endoscopic and arteriographic techniques. Higher frequency is observed in patients older than 60 years old attributing its etiology to degenerative changes being associated between 20 and 25% with aortic stenosis. Expectant or surgical therapeutics depend on the importance of the hemorrhage and the general state of the patient, the patient that motivated this review presented previous low gastrointestinal hemorrhages. The use of selective arteriography on the last internation allowed us to make the diagnosis of colonic angio displasia. PMID- 6973906 TI - [Round table: Intensive care in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6973907 TI - [Percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of Gasser's ganglion in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 6973910 TI - The influence of the pursuit and optokinetic system upon vestibular responses in man. PMID- 6973909 TI - Transcutaneous electrotherapy for severe tinnitus. AB - In about a third of cases of severe tinnitus, transcutaneous stimulation for a few minutes by means of electric square waves gives substantial improvement. This very simple treatment must be repeated two or three times to achieve success. If an obvious improvement is not obtained after two or three attempts, failure must be considered as certain. The parameters of these stimulations are described and clinical results are reported. The mechanism of the improvement is uncertain. PMID- 6973908 TI - Ultrastructural histopathology in a case of human ototoxicity due to loop diuretics. AB - The temporal bones of a patient who suffered sudden deafness and ataxia after administration of both furosemide and ethacrynic acid, were prepared for light and electron microscopy. There was no loss of hair or supporting cells. However, some hair cells, in both the vestibular neuroepithelium and the organ of Corti, particularly in the basal turn, were more densely staining and more granular than normal. Membrane whorls also were common within mitochondria of such cells. The endoplasmic reticulum of some spiral ganglion cells was dilated. The major cytologic changes were found in the stria vascularis of the cochlea and dark cell areas of the vestibular system. There was marked dilatation of the intercellular fluid spaces, consistent with the biochemical observation that loop diuretics interfere first with enzyme systems responsible for fluid transport within the inner ear. PMID- 6973913 TI - Lymphocyte populations and cell-mediated immunity in juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6973912 TI - [Technology and pharmacokinetics of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim suppositories]. PMID- 6973911 TI - Bilateral pneumothorax as an early sign in a child with histiocytosis X. PMID- 6973914 TI - The amyloidosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-comparative studies in Polish and American children. The distribution of alpha-antitrypsin phenotypes. PMID- 6973915 TI - Tissue damage after chronic cerebellar stimulation. AB - Two spastic patients undergoing chronic cerebellar stimulation are studied. Biopsies taken after three months of stimulation showed various tissue changes when compared with those taken at the moment of electrode implantation. The most important alterations in the cerebellar cortex were adhesions round the electrodes, with a scarring reaction, gliosis, and loss of Purkinje cells. These findings resemble those described in various experimental reports of chronic cerebellar stimulation. PMID- 6973916 TI - Isotope cisternography and conductance to outflow of CSF in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AB - In 50 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) the findings on lumbar isotope cisternography (IGG) were compared to the conductance to outflow of CSF (Cout) as measured by lumbo-ventricular perfusion. The purpose was to identify those ICG-characteristics that imply a low Cout and thus may indicate CSF shunting therapy. Normal ICG was found only in three patients, where Cout was not, or only moderately, decreased. There was a significant correlation between a low Cout and occurrence of ventricular retention and absent parasagittal accumulation at 24 hours or later, following injection. These findings may, however, also be present in patients with no, or only moderate, decreased Cout, where CSF shunting may seen unjustified. It is concluded, that the indication for CSF shunting cannot be based on the results of ICG alone. PMID- 6973919 TI - [Characteristics of genetic carriers of congenital color vision defects. (3) Spatial summation function of proto-carriers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973918 TI - [The early receptor potential in human eyes. II. ERP in dichromats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973921 TI - [Immunological effects of protein-bound polysaccharide, PSK, in the patients with retinoblastoma--changes of T cell and B cell subpopulation of the lymphocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973922 TI - [Serum complement fixing antibody in herpetic ocular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973920 TI - [Characteristics of genetic carriers of congenital color vision defects. (4) Detection of carriers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973923 TI - Evaluation of aortocoronary bypass graft status by computed tomography. AB - The efficacy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography to define graft patency status was studied in 42 patients with 100 aortocoronary vein grafts. The status of each graft had been determined earlier by angiography. A rotary fan beam whole body scanner with a 2 second scan duration was used. Initial scans determined the optimal level for study of the graft; patency was assessed by computed tomographic enhancement of the graft after intravenous bolus injection of 30 ml meglumine and sodium diatriazoate. The computed tomographic studies were evaluated without knowledge of the angiographic findings; graft status by computed tomography was interpreted as patent, occluded or equivocal. Overall, computed tomography correctly defined graft patency status in 79 of the 100 grafts and incorrectly identified it in 9; in 12 grafts, the computed tomographic diagnosis was equivocal. Computed tomography correctly identified 61 of 74 patent grafts and 18 of 26 occluded grafts. Patency status was correctly defined by computed tomography in 35 of 37 grafts to the left anterior descending artery, 23 of 30 grafts to circumflex branches and 19 of 31 grafts to the right coronary artery. These data indicate that computed tomography is a promising noninvasive method of determining patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts, especially of grafts to the left anterior descending artery. PMID- 6973917 TI - Electroencephalography (EEG) after introduction of water soluble contrast media into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). PMID- 6973924 TI - Unstable angina pectoris: National Cooperative Study Group to Compare Medical and Surgical Therapy. IV. Results in patients with left descending coronary artery disease. PMID- 6973926 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of large multilobated cell type. A clinicopathologic study of ten cases. AB - Recently, the authors described a distinct variant of T-cell lymphoma characterized morphologically by large multilobated nuclei, and clinically by a predilection for extranodal sites and a favorable prognosis. In a retrospective study of 75 cases of "histiocytic" lymphomas observed during a 13-year period, ten additional cases of this unusual variant of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were identified. Features similar to those of the initial group of cases included a predominant extranodal distribution, particularly involving skin, subcutaneous tissue, and bone, and a favorable response to therapy. However, the retrospective cases differed in that systemic symptoms were infrequent and gonadal involvement was not observed. Recognition of this morphologically distinct subtype of non Hodgkin's lymphoma is of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic significance. PMID- 6973927 TI - Massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with typhoid fever. AB - The classical approach to management of intestinal hemorrhage due to typhoid ulceration has been conservative. In, however, the event of massive, persistent and life-threatening hemorrhage not responding to conservative measures, early surgical intervention is life-saving, controls typhoid toxemia rapidly and presents no special difficulties. A right hemicolectomy is recommended. Four such patients treated by us with bowel resection have had an uneventful recovery. PMID- 6973925 TI - Differential fatness gain of low income boys and girls. AB - As shown in 564 girls and 553 boys followed for a period of 18 yr, long-term gain in both subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness was higher in children of lower family income level than those of higher family incomes. This differential fatness gain accounts for the socioeconomic "reversal" of fatness in the female shown in cross-sectional studies and newly extends the phenomenon to both sexes. The finding that low-income children show a greater long-term increase in fatness bears on the prevention and control of obesity. PMID- 6973928 TI - Netilmicin therapy of gentamicin-sensitive and resistant gram-negative infections. PMID- 6973930 TI - Sahlgren's saturation test for detecting and grading acquired dyschromatopsia. AB - A new sorting test requires only two minutes for quantitative estimation of saturation thresholds for bluish pigment colors. The test is highly sensitive to and specific for differences between normal subjects and individuals with acquired color vision defects. When combined with Ishihara's pseudo-isochromatic plates, it discriminates between congenital and acquired dyschromatopsias and identifies subjects with combined defects. PMID- 6973931 TI - Ouabain binding to isolated frog gastric mucosa. AB - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by the cardiac glycoside, ouabain, is considerably reduced by elevating external K+ as first shown by Davenport (Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 110: 613-615, 1962). To determine the possible role of K+ in this effect, we measured [3H]ouabain binding in isolated bullfrog gastric mucosa. Uptake of the labeled drug showed two components: one that saturated at 0.36 pmol ouabain per milligram wet weight and one that was linear with the external ouabain concentration. The former component is considered to represent specific binding to Na+-K+-ATPase; activity of this enzyme system in mucosal homogenates was 0.2 mumol per milligram protein per hour. Increase of K+ in the nutrient bathing solution from 3 to 30 mM, or replacement of Na+ by K+ in the secretory bathing solution, largely reversed inhibition of acid secretion by ouabain but did not affect maximum specific binding. The results fit a model in which Na+-K+ ATPase is normally required in oxyntic cells to maintain a high K+ level, which in turn supports exchange of K+ for H+ at the apical surface. PMID- 6973929 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma with melphalan and levamisole: a pilot study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. AB - Twenty-three patients with Stage III, Stage IV, or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer were treated with a combination of melphalan and levamisole to determine a tolerable dosage schedule, possible adverse effects, and a general estimate of response rate and duration. In seven patients with measurable disease there were four complete responses (57%) with a median duration of 75 weeks. Two of the complete responders have had negative second-look laparotomies while the other two patients have had subsequent progression. Of 16 patients with nonmeasurable disease two have had negative second-look laparotomies and two remain progression free. Thus 8 of 23 patients (35%) had complete responses or remain progression free whereas 4 of 23 patients (17%) have had negative second-look laparotomies. No serious toxicity was encountered. Immunologic monitoring did not indicate significant immunologic reconstitution in these immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 6973932 TI - Histamine receptor in bullfrog gastric mucosa. AB - The histamine receptor of isolated bullfrog gastric mucosa was characterized in terms of respiration and acid secretory responses to histamine antagonists and agonists. Cimetidine, a selective H2-antagonist, showed competitive antagonism of histamine responses with a pA2 value of 6.55. In contrast, the H1-antagonist, mepyramine, showed inhibition only at very high concentrations. Based on these results, the histamine receptor would be classified as the H2 type. Measurements of agonist potency sequence revealed a marked difference between the amphibian and mammalian gastric histamine receptors. The selective H1-agonists, 2 pyridylethylamine and 2-aminoethylthiozol, were found to be more efficacious than the selective H2-agonists, dimaprit and impromidine. The lack of efficacy for dimaprit and impromidine does not appear to be due to a lack of binding to the receptor because these agents inhibit responses to histamine. For dimaprit, the inhibition was found to be competitive with an apparent pA2 value of 5.37. These results indicate that there is a molecular difference between H2-receptors in mammals versus amphibians. PMID- 6973934 TI - Afterimage versus photographic ocular torsionometry. AB - Rotation of the eyeballs about the visual axis due to head tilt, counterocular torsion, can provide information relevant to the neuro-otologic status. Measurement of these reflexive movements, however, involves several difficulties. Two methods are examined: determinations by a behavioral afterimage technique are compared with those of a photographic method in the same subjects using a test retest format. Results indicate that both procedures yield reliable measurements, and any differences tend to be inconsistent. Thus, the faster and less expensive afterimage technique appears suitable for many clinical purposes in assessing vestibulo-ocular function. PMID- 6973933 TI - [Vestibular effects on visual and auditory function during the formation of the perception of space, time and movement combination (the space-time-movement combination)]. PMID- 6973935 TI - The role of the amphibians in the evolution of the vertebrate ear. AB - Serious question is raised concerning the commonly accepted view of the evolution of the vertebrate ear, which postulates a single line of development from fishes to mammals. The amphibian ear does not fit into this progression, for it differs both in basic structure and in the mechanics of operation. The amphibian ear is unique, and must have arisen from the labyrinthine structures of primitive fishes quite independently of the principal line that runs through the reptiles, birds, and mammals. PMID- 6973936 TI - Papular histiocytosis X. PMID- 6973937 TI - The T-lymphocyte, the mucinous epithelial interstitium, and immunostimulation. PMID- 6973938 TI - [Pancytopenia associated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprime I.V. therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6973941 TI - Multiple phlebectasia of the small intestine. PMID- 6973939 TI - Hemodynamic changes during fentanyl--oxygen anesthesia for aortocoronary bypass operation. AB - Fentanyl in doses of 50-60 microgram/kg has been reported to produce anesthesia with remarkable hemodynamic stability in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Because the authors had observed hypertension and tachycardia in response to noxious stimulation during aortocoronary bypass (ACB) operations in patients so anesthetized, they studied the hemodynamic changes and anesthetic conditions produced by fentanyl/O2/relaxant anesthesia in patients undergoing elective ACB. Twelve patients with left ventricular (LV) ejection fractions greater than 0.4 were maintained on propranolol until 10 hours before operation and were premedicated with fentanyl, diazepam, and scopolamine. Cannulae were inserted before the study commenced for measurement of intravascular pressures, arterial blood gases, and thermodilution cardiac output. The patients breathed 100 per cent oxygen throughout the study. Controlled ventilation aided by succinylcholine to reduce truncal rigidity maintained PaCO2 at 30-45 torr. Measurements were made after each of the following: breathing oxygen (control), 10 microgram/kg fentanyl, 50 microgram/kg fentanyl, and 0.1 mg/kg pancuronium, tracheal intubation, skin incision, and sternotomy. Fentanyl alone produced no significant hemodynamic changes. Fentanyl and pancuronium in combination produced increased heart rate and reduced stroke volume. Significant and progressively greater increases in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance followed intubation, skin incision, and sternotomy. Chest rigidity occurred in every patient at a lower fentanyl dose than did unresponsiveness. While fentanyl, 62.4 +/- 2.9 microgram/kg (SE), produced minor hemodynamic changes, it failed to block hemodynamic responses to noxious stimulation. Such changes resulted in increased cardiac work, and could have affected myocardial oxygen balance unfavorably. In eight of the 12 patients, following the last set of measurements, supplementary anesthetic agents were required to maintain hemodynamic stability during the surgical procedure. The authors suggest that this fentanyl/O2/relaxant technique should be modified for patients with severe CAD and reasonably good LV function. PMID- 6973940 TI - [Evaluation of the severity of gastrointestinal hemorrhage by disruption of oxygen transport]. PMID- 6973942 TI - [Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - A case of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in an 11 month-old Pi ZZ infant is reported. The patient exhibited intrahepatic cholestasis in the first months of life, with jaundice and hepatomegaly. Liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis and showed the presence of hepatic fibrosis. Pi phenotypes, serum levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin, and symptoms in the family of the patient are reported. Clinical, biochemical and pathologic findings in liver disease in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency are discussed. PMID- 6973943 TI - Molecular epidemiology of Haemophilus ducreyi infections. AB - Haemophilus ducreyi was isolated with an enriched chocolate agar containing vancomycin from seven patients with clinical evidence of chancroid. Four cases were imported from outside the United States; the other three cases were acquired in the United States from one of the imported cases. All strains of H. ducreyi contained ampicillin-resistance plasmids with molecular weights of 7.3, 5.7, or 3.6 megadaltons. Plasmid molecular weights were identical for isolates from the epidemiologically linked cases and differed according to the geographic origins of the strains. Findings of this study confirm that H. ducreyi is sexually transmitted and suggest that clinical chancroid develops frequently after acquisition of H. ducreyi. PMID- 6973944 TI - Acebutolol-induced pleuropulmonary lupus syndrome. PMID- 6973945 TI - Species specificity in von Willebrand factor-supported platelet agglutination. PMID- 6973946 TI - Immunology of fibrinogen: comparison of serologic and cellular immune responses to human fibrinopeptide B (hFPB). PMID- 6973947 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and disseminated intravascular coagulation: a new clinical syndrome. AB - In summary, 47 patients with documented HHT and a bleeding problem were referred to San Joaquin Hematology Oncology Medical Group over a 2-year period. Fifty-one percent of patients were noted to have an associated DIC syndrome and of these 24 patients, 19 had acute DIC episodes, six had chronic DIC, six presented with diffuse, recurrent deep venous thrombosis and of these six, three suffered pulmonary emboli. Other defects were also noted and were thought to be coincidental defects. This syndrome should be readily considered and searched for when seeing patients with HHT, especially if significant hemorrhage or thrombosis is present. It should further be appreciated that many patients with HHT and bleeding are candidates for the development of acute or chronic DIC and thus a "mini" Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. When patients with HHT present with undue bleeding, this syndrome should be appreciated, searched for from the clinical and laboratory standpoint and, when found, treated in the appropriate manner with supportive therapy, mini-heparin or antiplatelet therapy as the clinical situation dictates. PMID- 6973948 TI - New neurotological test for detecting cerebellar dysfunction. Vestibulo-ocular reflex changes with horizontal vision-reversal prisms. AB - Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was studied in 26 normal subjects and 15 patients with cerebellar lesions, using horizontal vision-reversal prisms. In normal subjects, adaptation of gain after wearing prisms for one hour was approximately 50% of the VOR value in the dark. In contrast to this, patients with cerebellar lesions showed less adaptation, approximately 20% after a one hour forced adaptation task. These cases showed three different types of abnormalities: 1) high gain before wearing prisms and normal adaptation, 2) high gain before wearing prisms and reduction of adaptation, 3) normal gain and reduction of adaptation. From these results it is suggested that observation of the effect of vision-reversal prisms on the VOR may permit the detection of cerebellar lesions of a type or subtlety which escape established tests. PMID- 6973950 TI - Anaesthesia for intracranial surgery: an autobiographical view. AB - Developments in anaesthesia for intracranial surgery over the past 35 years are illustrated by a comparison of personal practice in 1943-45 and in 1977-79, with some reference to techniques developed during the intervening years. PMID- 6973949 TI - Block nystagmus. PMID- 6973951 TI - Evaluation of eight cephalosporins in hamster colitis model. AB - Eight commonly used cephalosporins were evaluated in the hamster colitis mode. They were all found to cause hemorrhagic cecitis and death within 10 days of being given as subcutaneous or oral challenges. Necropsy findings were indistinguishable from clindamycin-induced cecitis. Bacteria-free cecal filtrate obtained from hamsters dying of cephalosporin-induced cecitis contained toxin similar or identical to hat produced by Clostridium difficile isolated from the cecum of a hamster. Daily oral administration of poorly absorbed cephalosporins protected hamsters from clindamycin-induced cecitis and death as long as the cephalosporins were continued. The absorbable cephalosporins were ineffective in protecting hamsters from clindamycin-induced cecitis. This difference probably relates to the lower concentrations of absorbable cephalosporins maintained in the ceca of the hamsters. The possible correlation of these findings to human cases of cephalosporin-induced pseudomembranous colitis is discussed. PMID- 6973952 TI - In vitro and in vivo synergism between amoxicillin and clavulanic acid against ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Eight strans of ampicillin-resistant beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae type b were studied in vitro for synergy between amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for amoxicillin alone were 6.25 to 12.5 microgram/ml, and for clavulanic acid alone they were 12.5 to 25 microgram/ml. However, seven of eight strains were inhibited by a combination of 0.36 microgram of amoxicillin and 0.36 microgram of clavulanic acid per ml. Infant rat models of bacteremia and meningitis were used to test the efficacy of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid alone and in combination upon four strains of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae. Neither amoxicillin alone (27 animals) nor clavulanic acid alone (20 animals) sterilized the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of the animals. In contrast, 30 of 33 blood cultures and 29 of 33 cerebrospinal fluid cultures were sterile when a combination of the two drugs in the same dosages was used. The observed in vitro and in vivo synergism between amoxicillin and clavulanic acid suggests that the combination may be effective therapy for invasive infections in humans caused by ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae type b. PMID- 6973953 TI - Intestinal haemorrhage in Turner's syndrome. AB - A 13-year-old girl with Turner's syndrome and bleeding from intestinal venous ectasia is reported. The various types of vascular anomaly of the bowel associated with Turner's syndrome are discussed. Awareness of these anomalies may help prevent unnecessary laparotomy in children with this syndrome. PMID- 6973954 TI - Plasma active vitamin D concentration in low birthweight infants with rickets and its response to vitamin D treatment. AB - Impairment of 25-hydroxylation may be a cause of rickets in infants of low birthweight, weighing between 2000 and 2500 g. In addition there may be impairment of 1 alpha-hydroxylation in infants weighing less than 2000 g. Our data show that a supplementary dose of vitamin D2 of at least 500 IU daily is a reasonable regimen for infants who weighed between 2000 and 2500 g at birth. However for infants who weighed less than 2000 g with a gestation of under 38 weeks, administration of 1 alpha-OHD3 may be more effective in preventing rickets. PMID- 6973956 TI - A new animal model for the study of cutaneous drug-metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 6973957 TI - [Cellular immunity deficiency and chemotaxis deficiency in children with rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Some immunological parameters have been examined in eleven children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A quantitative and functional defect in T lymphocytes has been observed associated with defective chemotaxis of neutrophils. High levels of circulating immune-complexes were detected in sera of 5 out 11 patients. 1 patient showed high levels of antinuclear antibodies and positivity for the rheumatoid factor. Immunological pathogenesis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is discussed. PMID- 6973955 TI - Proliferation kinetics of the dermal infiltrate in cutaneous malignant lymphomas. AB - To obtain information about the role of local proliferation in the pathogenesis of dermal infiltrate in malignant cutaneous lymphomas, we determined the percentage of 3H-thymidine-labeled infiltrating cells (3H-index). A linear correlation was found between proliferative activity and clinical stage in mycosis fungoides, i.e., the 3H-index is moderately elevated in stage I and high in stage III. The 3H-index is within normal range in dermal infiltrate of Sezary syndrome, diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma, as well as in lymphocytoma benign cutis. In parapsoriasis en plaques two groups can be distinguished: in the small-plaque variant (chronic superficial dermatitis) the 3H-index is low, whereas the large plaque variant (prereticulotic poikiloderma) shows strong proliferative activity. Thus, determination of proliferative activity seems to give new insights into the pathogenesis of dermal infiltrate in cutaneous lymphomas. PMID- 6973958 TI - [Deficiency in alpha 1 antitrypsin in a case of adult Pi M phenotype with hepatocellular overcharge]. AB - The authors point out a case of intrahepatic cells overload of PAS positive, globules and resistant to amylase digestion in a young Tunisian women of 26 years old with an hepatopathy looking like the one encountered in phenotype Pi Z subjects and a recently appeared total bilateral cataract. The patient and also 4 of the 5 members of her family have a lowered alpha 1 antitrypsin rate serum but the whole family is homozygote phenotype Pi M. The association alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency bilateral cataract has not been described to our knowledge. The literature review pointing out similar globules in phenotype Pi M subjects and our observation remind us of the possibility of more complicated metabolic trouble of liver, the alpha 1 antitrypsin intrahepatic cells overload of which should be one of its clinical mode of expression. PMID- 6973959 TI - Optokinetic and vestibular interaction in normal man. AB - When we move our head with our eyes open the optokinetic and the vestibular systems are simultaneously activated. The optokinetic and the vestibular systems interact in a complex way. A full field optokinetic system can suppress or enhance vestibular reflexes according to the needs of the organism. It is likely that the summation of optokinetic and vestibular nystagmus is not linear, rather, the organism encodes retinal slip velocity as the important input. PMID- 6973960 TI - [Comparative examinations of the effect of general and local anesthesia upon the T-lymphocytes in melanoma operations (author's transl)]. AB - We examined the number of T-Lymphocytes in 14 malignant melanoma patients using the sheep erythrocyte rosette test and the PHA stimulation test. These investigations were carried out before the operation under general anesthesia was performed as well as 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the operation. 16 patients with various large surface skin operations in local anesthesia served as a control group. Among them there were also 5 malignant melanoma cases. The tests preoperatively accomplished yielded normal results (T-lymphocytes 65.7 +/- 2.95%, PHA stimulation 79.01 +/- 1.69%) for all 19 melanoma patients. 24 hours after the operation the average portion of T-lymphocytes decreased in relation to the whole lymphocytes and reached only the level of 53.8 +/- 7.8%. After 7 days it amounted to 57.5 +/- 8.5%, after 14 days to 59.5 +/- 7.8%, after 21 days to 62.3 +/- 5.4% and after 28 days to 62.8 +/- 6.1%. The PHA stimulation was significantly diminished only after 24 hours, but not longer after 7 days. A correlation between the diminution of T-lymphocytes observed 14 and more days after the operation and the duration of the general anesthesia may be suggested in single cases. -- Patients operated under local anesthesia showed after 2 and 24 hours a significant diminution of T-lymphocytes. After 7 days the values had returned to normal levels (66.7 +/- 5.9%). PMID- 6973961 TI - Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), cervico-ocular reflex (COR) and its interaction in active head movements. AB - In normal adults the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the cervico-ocular reflex (COR) were investigated during passive and active head or body movements, respectively. Sinusoidal rotations around the vertical axis of the body at frequencies of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2s-1 and total amplitudes of 20 degrees, 40 degrees, 60 degrees, or 80 degrees were employed. The average eye deviations (Schlagfeld) during VOR were directed opposite to the direction of the head turning. During COR, however, slow eye deviations of higher amplitude were anticompensatory relative to the fixed head. During active head turnings the average eye deviations showed the same anticompensatory direction as in COR, but were still larger. The increased with stimulus amplitudes up to 60 degrees. At least a weak cervical nystagmus was elicited in all subjects, with its fast phases beating in the direction of the relative head movement. Its gain reached marked values up to 0.5, but only for peak stimulus velocities below 25%. The nystagmus gain during active head turnings was only slightly higher than during VOR. With higher stimulus velocities, large anticompensatory saccades appeared just before the change of stimulus direction; these are typical for active head movements, but were also found during COR. PMID- 6973962 TI - [Neurinomas of the Gasserian ganglion and the trigeminal nerve (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of Gasserian ganglion neurinomas in children are described. The onset in both cases was insidious and the tumors became very large before the first clinical signs appeared. Blindness of one eye by direct compression of the homolateral optic nerve was the main symptom in both instances. In one child homolateral exophthalmus was also present. The clinical course of both cases was completely painless and without any other sign of involvement of the trigeminal nerve. Abnormal vessels related to the tumor were visible in the arterial phase of carotid angiography. This angiographic finding (unique in appearance and distribution) may be considered as pathognomonic for tumors of the Gasserian ganglion. PMID- 6973963 TI - Inflammatory cells in the middle ear mucosa in cases of chronic otitis media. AB - Middle ear mucosal biopsy specimens were taken from 12 patients with chronic otitis media. The specimens from 11 cases contained enough inflammatory cells for a detailed study of the inflammatory cell subtypes in the lamina propria. T lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, and plasma cells were the most frequent cell types except in two patients, in whom most of the inflammatory lymphocytes were B lymphocytes. The relative scarcity of B lymphocytes could be caused by activation and transformation to plasma cells. The close contact between different immunocompetent cells suggests T- and B-cell interactions. However, pseudolymphoid transformation with primary and secondary lymphatic follicles was observed in only one patient. The relative scarcity of granulocytes in the submucosal infiltrate could be caused by the movement of these cells through the epithelium into the discharge. PMID- 6973964 TI - [Lipoproteins in cochleovestibular disorders (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-nine patients with neuro-otologic symptoms were examined with regard to their risk factors, especially their lipoproteins. No essential differences were found in the serum triglyceride and serum cholesterol levels. LDL-cholesterol and the quotient LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in the group of patients. We consider this an indication for a relation between arteriopathy and cochleovestibular disorders. PMID- 6973966 TI - The binding of lectins to sheep tissues and circulating cells: peanut agglutinin, a marker for presumptive T-lymphocytes. AB - A study was undertaken into the binding of 7 fluorescein (FITC)-labelled, lectins to sheep tissues and cells. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), conconavalin A (con A) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) bound strongly to all sheep tissues and circulating cells, while Dolichos biflorus (DBA) and Ulex europaeus (UEA) did not bind at all. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) and soybean agglutinin (SBA) bound to thymus and lymph node cell suspensions and to a proportion of circulating cells, but only weakly to the other sheep tissues tested. PNA and SBA bound to polymorphs and monocytes, making it necessary to treat whole blood with carbonyl-iron and magnet to remove the phagocytic cells before purfication of the peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL). PNA bound to 40 to 50% of carbonyl-iron treated PBL and to 65 to 70% of the cells in efferent popliteal lymph. Using a rhodamine-labelled anti sheep lg reagent greater than 98% of PNA + cells in lymph and carbonyl-iron treated PBL were sIg-. Furthermore, using an FITC-labelled F(ab')2 anti-sheep Ig reagent, the sum of the 0/0 PNA+cells and sIg+ cells in individually labelled preparations was equal to the percentage of cells labelled when both reagents were added simultaneously. Cells binding PNA were found in more dense regions of buoyant density gradients and were less adherent to nylon wool than cells having surface immunoglobulin (sIg). Approximately 20 to 30% of PBL and 10 to 20% of the cells in lymph were PNA-/sIg- and these were termed 'null' cells. Although Con A induced sheep PBL to transform in tissue culture, PNA, SBA and WGA all failed to stimulate the incorporation of 3H-thymidine at the concentrations tested. Sorting lymph cells from BCG vaccinated sheep into PNA+ and PNA- subpopulations showed that the cells able to transform in vitro to the specific antigen, purified protein derivative (PPD) or the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were in the PNA+ but not PNA- population. PMID- 6973965 TI - [Investigations of unspecific immune reactivity in patients with head and neck carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Unspecific cellular immune reactivity in 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck was compared with those in 30 healthy controls. Assays were performed in vitro to evaluate the blastogenic response of lymphocytes to the mitogens PHA (phytohemagglutinin), Con A (Concanavalin A) and PWM (pokeweed mitogen) and to quantify T-rosette-forming lymphocytes. The in vivo assay used was the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to DNCB (dinitro-chlor benzene). Tests were performed in all patients every 4 weeks either for a total of 1 year or until death. Tumor patients were followed up to 5 years. Compared to healthy controls tumor patients demonstrated significant impairment of unspecific immune reactivity. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy led temporarily to a further decrease of immune reactivity. There was no correlation between unspecific immune reactivity and tumor stage, course of the disease, and prognosis. It was not possible to give any useful statement for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by determining their unspecific immune reactivity. PMID- 6973967 TI - Arthritis and rheumatism--the state of the art. PMID- 6973968 TI - Towards effective nursing records. PMID- 6973969 TI - The distal lienorenal shunt: perioperative experience with 30 patients. AB - During the past 51/2 years, thirty consecutive and unselected patients who bled from oesophageal varices underwent distal lienorenal shunt surgery. Eight deaths occurred in the immediate postoperative period. Three of nine emergency patients died because of continued bleeding and, of the five elective patients who died, four were largely the result of technical problems encountered at surgery. In the immediate postoperative period variceal bleeding recurred in five of eight emergency patients despite shunt patency. This did not occur in the elective group. Shunt blockage was relatively common compared to that following conventional porta-systemic shunt surgery; being documented in five of the 24 patients in whom patency was assessed. No clinical, biochemical or histological criteria were identified as predictors of outcome. In particular, the presence of preoperative ascites gave no indication of postoperative problems. However, if ascites developed in the immediate postoperative period, it was a major management problem in 50% of patients. In conclusion, the distal lienorenal shunt has a high perioperative mortality, is commonly complicated by shunt thrombosis and, in the emergency situation, often fails to control bleeding. The technical difficulties encountered at surgery appear largely responsible for the early morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6973970 TI - Congenital peripheral vestibular disorder in two German Shepherd pups. PMID- 6973973 TI - Studies on the mode of action of calciferol, XXXII. Evidence for a 24(R),25(OH)2 vitamin D3 receptor in the parathyroid gland of the rachitic chick. PMID- 6973972 TI - Effect of adenosine deaminase inhibitors on the apparent rate of phosphorylation of deoxyadenosine. PMID- 6973971 TI - Restrictions on metrizamide (Amipaque) use in Australia. PMID- 6973974 TI - Parathyroid hormone is not involved in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D regulation of 25 hydroxyvitamin D metabolism in vivo. PMID- 6973976 TI - Interaction between serine beta-lactamases and class A substrates: a kinetic analysis and a reaction pathway hypothesis. PMID- 6973977 TI - Self-induction by triacetyloleandomycin of its own transformation into a metabolite forming a stable 456 nm-absorbing complex with cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6973975 TI - Depression of theophylline metabolism and elimination by troleandomycin and erythromycin. PMID- 6973978 TI - Hypoactivity of cytochrome P-450 after triacetyloleandomycin administration. PMID- 6973979 TI - Treatment of hypertension in coronary bypass surgery. Clinical experience with urapidil. PMID- 6973982 TI - An automated fluorimetric method for the determination of fluproquazone in plasma and urine. AB - A rapid and sensitive fluorimetric assay was developed for the quantitative determination of 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H) quinazolinone(fluproquazone) in plasma and urine. The unchanged drug was extracted from alkalinized plasma or urine into n-heptane containing 0--1.5% isoamyl alcohol followed by a back extraction into 5 N HCl. After oxidation with potassium persulfate the fluorescence measurements were taken at 326 nm excitation and 520 nm emission. Detection limits were about 15 ng/ml plasma and 6 ng/ml urine, using 1 ml plasma and 2 ml urine, respectively. The automated assay had a five times higher sample capacity and better reproducibility (+/- 3%) than the manual assay (+/- 5%). The method was applied to animal studies including assays in milk and proved to be suitable in human studies after oral doses in the therapeutical range. PMID- 6973980 TI - The pharmacodynamic properties of fluproquazone. PMID- 6973981 TI - Toxicological evaluation of fluproquazone. AB - The toxicological characteristics of 4-(p-fluorophenyl-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2 (1H)quinazolinone (fluproquazone), an analgesic with distinct antiinflammatory properties, were evaluated in acute and chronic toxicity studies as well as in reproduction toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity studies. The following overall results were obtained: The acute oral toxicity in mice, rats, and rabbits is of low order. In the chronic oral studies fluproquazone was generally well tolerated when given to rats and dogs for 13 weeks, to dogs and monkeys for 52 weeks, to mice for 78 weeks and to rats for 104 weeks. In particular, there was no indication of gastrointestinal irritations or lesions in any of these studies. The results of the studies in dogs and rats showed the major target organs for the toxicity of fluproquazone to be the liver and kidney, where mild, reversible changes were observed. These findings were considerably less severe than those found with several other antiphlogistic-analgesic compounds. In the reproduction toxicity studies, the only drug-related effects seen in experiments on female fertility or peri- and postnatal development in rats were a prolongation of pregnancy and an impairment of delivery leading to an increased perinatal mortality. These findings may be related to an inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by fluproquazone. Similar effects are known to occur after administration of other inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. The oral teratological studies in rats and rabbits did not reveal any embryolethal or teratogenic effects. The drug had no mutagenic effects in either the micronucleus test and the dominant-lethal test using mice, or in the Ames-Test using Salmonella typhimurium. The carcinogenicity studies showed that fluproquazone has no carcinogenic potential in rats and mice. PMID- 6973984 TI - The biotransformation of fluproquazone in man and several animal species. AB - The biotransformation of 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H) quinazolinone (fluproquazone) has been investigated in man, mouse, rat, rabbit, and dog. Single oral doses of 3H-fluproquazone were administered to the animals (15 mg/kg). Human volunteers received 100 mg 3H-fluproquazone t.i.d. for 5 days (3.8 mg/kg). Two potential metabolites were synthesized: 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1,2 dihydro-1-isopropyl-2-oxo-7-quinazolinecarboxylic acid (4) and 4-(p-fluorophenyl) 7-hydroxymethyl-1-isopropyl-2(1H)-quinazolinone (11). The human urinary metabolites of fluproquazone were separated and purified by a combination of extractions and liquid chromatography on reversed-phase columns, and structures were proposed on the basis of identify with known standards, mass spectral data, and retention time comparison. Definitive structures were assigned to five metabolites. Fluproquazone and its metabolites were characterized and quantitated in the blood, urine, and feces of man, mouse, rat, rabbit, and dog by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a radioactivity monitor or by reverse isotope dilution analysis. Significant quantities of fluproquazone were noted in the blood of all species. The major circulating metabolite in blood at or near the peak of radioactivity was 11 in rat, mouse, and dog and 4 in man and rabbit. In all species analyzed, 4 was the major metabolite excreted in the urine and feces. In man the minor metabolites consisted of 11 as a conjugate and several phenolic derivatives also conjugated. The animals were exposed to the same major metabolite as man and each minor metabolite found in man, with the exception of a few very minor ones, was identified in at least one of the animal species. The metabolite pattern did not vary significantly among the 3 human subjects analyzed nor over the 5-day dosing period. Two biotransformation pathways were identified. The major pathway was sequential oxidation with or without conjugation of the 7 methyl group; aromatic hydroxylation and conjugation was a minor pathway. PMID- 6973983 TI - Absorption, distribution, and excretion of fluproquazone in several animal species. PMID- 6973985 TI - Renal function and laboratory safety parameters after two weeks' administration of fluproquazone to man. AB - When 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H)-quinazolinone (fluproquazone) was given for 14 days (100 mg t.i.d.) to six healthy male volunteers, it produced no clinically relevant effects upon the subjects' renal function, urine microscopic findings, blood coagulation status, or upon their general well-being as shown by a range of laboratory safety tests including haematological profile and blood and urine biochemistry. Minor and transient side effects mainly affecting the gastrointestinal system were seen in four subjects. PMID- 6973987 TI - Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of fluproquazone, propoxyphene and paracetamol in post-hysterectomy pain. Short communication. AB - A double-blind study was performed to compare the post-operative analgesic efficacy of 100 and 200 mg 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H) quinazolinone (fluproquazone), 500 mg paracetamol, 65 mg propoxyphene, and placebo in patients with post-hysterectomy pain. The evaluation of efficacy was based on the response to the first dose of each compound and the number of further doses required during a 24-h observation period. The data from the standard sets of questions put to the patients and from the von Zerssen subjective rating questionnaire indicate that the most effective compound administered was fluproquazone in a dose of 200 mg. The following order of analgesic efficacy was established: fluproquazone 200 mg, paracetamol 500 mg and propoxyphene 65 mg. With regard to side effects, fluproquazone 100 mg, paracetamol 500 mg and propoxyphene 65 mg were equally well tolerated. With fluproquazone 200 mg, a slightly higher incidence of side effects was recorded, taking the form of gastro-intestinal irritation and disturbances of the nervous system. Finally, the most favourable relationship of efficacy to side effects was shown by fluproquazone. PMID- 6973986 TI - Comparative study of fluproquazone in the management of post-operative pain. AB - 41 patients suffering from moderate to severe pain were included in a multicentric double-blind study comparing 100 mg 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7 methyl-2(1H)-quinazolinone (fluproquazone) to 250 mg mefenamic acid during a three-day period. Both medications produced a clinically highly relevant analgesic effect in the patient population considered. Fluproquazone appears to be significantly more effective than mefenamic acid after the first dose as well as after 6-h period. Fluproquazone was better tolerated than mefenamic acid: one and four patients, respectively, experienced side-effects in the two treatment groups. These results indicate a significantly better therapeutic profile for fluproquazone as compared to mefenamic acid in the management of post-operative pain. PMID- 6973988 TI - Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of fluproquazone, pentazocine and placebo against postoperative pain in neurosurgical patients. short communication. AB - A controlled, double-blind study was performed to compare the new analgesic 4-(p fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H)-quinazolinone (fluproquazone) (in the form of 100 mg and 200 mg capsules) with pentazocine 50 mg and placebo in 138 patients with post-neurosurgical pain. The efficacy of the compounds was tested on the basis of response to the initial administration of the stated doses and to repeated doses, the number of which depended on the individual needs of standardized interviews and the von Zerssen subjective rating, questionnaire, which provides information on the patients' mental and emotional status. Fluproquazone 200 mg and pentazocine 50 mg were equally effective. The effect of fluproquazone 100 mg was somewhat less marked but, nevertheless, significantly different from that of placebo. The importance of developing potent analgesics free of addiction potential as an alternative to the agents which act on the CNS is discussed. PMID- 6973989 TI - Fluproquazone in the management of strains and sprains. AB - A double-blind randomized trial was carried out in 59 patient suffering from moderately severe to severe strains and sprains to compare the efficacy of 4-(p fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H)-quinazolinone (fluproquazone) in the relief of pain. Patients received either 50 mg or 100 mg fluproquazone up to 6 times daily for 3 days. The results of subjective assessments showed that after 2 days pain had either completely resolved or markedly improved in all patients. Both treatments were equally effective in relieving both spontaneous pain and pain on movement after 1 and 2 days. No differences were found between the two groups in the patients' overall evaluation of treatment or physicians' assessment of therapeutic response. Both dosage were well tolerated during the short-term trial. PMID- 6973990 TI - Antipyretic activity of fluproquazone in man. AB - A multicentric, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study was performed in patients with fever of diverse origin to test the tolerance and the antipyretic activity of single oral doses of 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H) quinazolinone (fluproquazone) (200 mg, n = 18), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (1000 mg, n = 22) and placebo (n = 19). Whereas with placebo mean rectal temperature remained constant, a continuous fall was recorded with both active medications over the whole 3-h study period. With fluproquazone normalization of body temperature was nearly reached. Fluproquazone was more effective than placebo (p less than 0.001) and ASA (p less than 0.1), which in turn was more active than placebo (p less than 0.0001). No specific side-effects occurred. PMID- 6973991 TI - Controlled comparison of gastric lesions and gastrointestinal blood loss with fluproquazone and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in healthy subjects. PMID- 6973992 TI - Effects of fluproquazone on platelet aggregation in man. AB - Turbidimetric investigations on platelets from healthy volunteers have shown inhibitory effects of 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H)-quinazolinone (fluproquazone) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on both the extent and the velocity of aggregation induced by collagen. The threshold concentration of arachidonic acid needed to induce aggregation was also raised after fluproquazone was given to the donors. Whereas the inhibitory effects of fluproquazone disappear within 24 h, the qualitatively similar effects of ASA are much longer lasting (72--96 h). There is no evidence for enhancement of the effects of fluproquazone following four days of administration (100 mg t.i.d.). PMID- 6973993 TI - Pharmacological and toxicological studies of a new non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug: KC-8973. AB - A benzophenone derivative, 4-butyl-2'-fluorobenzophenone (KC-8973), having anti inflammatory effects has been studied pharmacologically and toxicologically. On the carrageenin-induced paw edema, KC-8973 had the most potent activity of the tested commercial non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. KC-8973 had a moderate effect on bradykinin-induced capillary permeability and lesser effect on dextran , egg white- and serotonin-induced paw edemas in rats, respectively. From the detailed studies of prophylactic and therapeutic effects on the adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, it was demonstrated that KC-8973 has an immuno-suppressive activity in addition to an anti-inflammatory effect. KC-8973 had a local analgesic and antipyretic effect on the rat paw edema induced by brewer's yeast. KC-8973 caused no undesirable side effect at pharmacologically effective dose in the 1-month sub-acute toxicological study. PMID- 6973994 TI - [Meconium proteins in small-for-gestational-age infants]. AB - Considering that a greater concentration of proteins in the meconium of children with pancreatic achylia has been reported, the possibility was set forth that a similar finding was present in infants with intrauterine malnutrition; this probability was established on the basis that a dysfunction of the exocrine pancreas is present in postnatal malnutrition. The study comprised 37 samples of meconium from full-term infants; 27 of them from adequate weight newborns and the remaining 10, from low weight infants for their gestational age. The results showed a significant difference when the concentration of albumin and of alpha-1 antitrypsin registered for both groups was compared. In infants classed as malnourished because of their lower weight expected for their gestational age, both the albumin as the alpha-1-antitrypsin were found raised. PMID- 6973995 TI - Cytotoxic antibodies in cancer patients: possibilities of correlation with HLA antigens. AB - Sera from 250 cancer patients were tested against a panel of lymphocytes donors, randomly selected and typed for HLA antigens. In 69 patients HLA typing was also performed according to standard NIH technique. While 95 sera (38%) were cytotoxic for total lymphocytes, an increased cytotoxicity for B-lymphocytes was shown. The data were analyzed by means of 2 x 2 contingency tables (chi-square and correlation coefficients). In the majority of cases (72 = 76%) the sera were polyspecific or not correlated with HLA. The remaining 23 sera(=24%) showed a clear-cut statistical relationship to defined HLA specificities on population studies; 5 of these sera correlated with single antigens detected on HLA phenotype of the patients. It is concluded that serum cytotoxicity may complicate HLA genetic typing in cancer patients. It was also considered that anti-HLA antibodies might cross-react with virus or tumor-specific antigens in cancer patients. PMID- 6973996 TI - [Bone marrow T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with multiple myeloma]. AB - The bone marrow quantitative distribution of the two main T-lymphocyte subsets, recognizable by the "high" and "low-affinity" E-rosette forming cell technique, according to West, was evaluated in ten untreated myeloma patients and twelve normal controls. It was observed, within a normal total T-lymphoid cell count, a significant predominance of the T-lymphocyte subset with "low-affinity" characteristics. An inverse correlation, with statistical significance, between the monoclonal malignant B-component and "low-affinity" T-cell percentage was also seen in all cases. It was suggested, therefore, that such an imbalance between "high" and "low-affinity" T-subsets, with the latter predominating, could play a role in the regulation of the monoclonal B-component growth rate. PMID- 6973997 TI - [Correlation between preincubation time of the leukocyte feeder-layer and in vitro granulocytic-macrophage colony growth]. AB - Granulocytic-macrophage colony in vitro formation depends on the presence of the colony stimulating factor (CSF). When, in double layer agar method, the CSF is provided from leucocyte underlayers, the pre-incubation time of the feeder-layers must be kept constant. The results obtained in this study have demonstrated in fact that the growth of the colonies can be remarkably different if feeder-layers are incubated for 1, 7 or 14 days. PMID- 6973999 TI - Kava and prohibition in Tanna, Vanuatu. PMID- 6973998 TI - [Cytological study on neuronal lipofuscin in the CNS of the Rana esculenta]. AB - Neuronal lipofuscin has been found in adult Rana e., and in tadpoles at the larval stage with external gills, larvae with internal gills and front legs, and larvae with front and back legs. The lipofuscin granules were positive at many histochemical tests and they had an autofluorescence at 450-470 nm The AA. plan to better define the ultrastructural characteristics and the anatomotopographic localization of the lipofuscin observed in future electron microscope studies. PMID- 6974000 TI - Protection against aspirin-induced blood loss in man: assessment of a new mucolytic agent. PMID- 6974001 TI - Splenic irradiation in B-prolymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Twelve patients with B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL) were treated with splenic irradiation at a weekly dose of 100 cGy to a maximum total dose of 1000 cGy. There was no morbidity associated with this treatment. SEven patients responded. Three achieved a good response and four a partial response. Two of the patients who had a partial response have subsequently died of unrelated causes. Four of the five patients who failed to respond have died as a result of their disease. When more than 25% of the prolymphocytes formed rosettes with mouse red blood cells (MRBC) the patients appeared to respond better to splenic irradiation. There was no correlation between response and the initial white cell count or the size of the spleen. PMID- 6974002 TI - Thrombopoiesis- and megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factors in the urine of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - The urinary extract from patients with severe, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was capable of inducing significant thrombocytosis in rats in vivo and enhancing megakaryocyte colony formation in culture of mouse bone marrow cells. The apparent specific activity of megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor (MEG--CSF) in the ITP extract was approximately one-half of that of the urinary extract from patients with aplastic anaemia (AA). Daily injections of ITP extract did not cause an increase in Hb concentration, while rats receiving AA urinary extract revealed profound erythropoiesis 3 weeks later. In vitro assay of erythropoietin (EPO) failed to show significant EPO activity in the extract from patients with ITP. These findings excluded the possibility that the observed activities of thrombopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF) and MEG--CSF in the ITP urinary extract are due to contaminating EPO. Urine of patients with severe ITP appears to be a good source of TSF and MEG--CSF. PMID- 6974004 TI - Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in normal and leukaemic lymphocytes. AB - The levels of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) were determined in lymphocytes from normal people and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The HGPRT level in the total lymphocyte population from patients with CLL was lower than that from normal subjects. The HGPRT activity was higher in normal non-T cells than normal T cells. The enzyme activity in CLL B cells was lower than in CLL T cells. The HGPRT level was higher in CLL T cells than in normal T cells; these data suggest CLL T cells differ biochemically from their normal counterparts. PMID- 6974005 TI - A three-state model for inactivation of sodium permeability. AB - The inactivation of Na+ permeability in single myelinated motor nerve fibres of Rana esculenta was investigated under voltage and current clamp conditions at 20 degrees C in Ringer's solution and under blocked K+ currents. Development of inactivation and its recovery was described by two potential-dependent time constants: The smaller time constant followed the usual bell-shaped function of membrane potential, whereas the larger one was monotone-increasing with more negative potentials. Several three-state models for inactivation were investigated. The experiments could best be approximated by a model with two open and one closed state for inactivation following: open in equilibrium closed in equilibrium open. Rate constants were determined for all transitions shown from the voltage clamp experiments. The action potentials computed by means of the proposed model were in good agreement with those measured, both in Ringer's solution and under blocked K+ current conditions. PMID- 6974003 TI - Studies on the biochemical sequelae of therapy in Thy-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2' deoxycoformycin. AB - In four patients with Thy-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia changes in blast cell deoxynucleoside triphosphate concentrations and, in three, changes in blast cell S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase activity were measured during treatment with 2' deoxycoformycin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. These studies were aimed at identifying the molecular basis of cell killing by this drug. In three patients an increase in blast deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) concentration occurred which was found to be temporally related to cell killing and was accompanied by decreased concentrations of the other three deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. In the one patient with Thy-ALL who responded poorly to treatment, the increase in dATP concentration was delayed and was not accompanied by a fall in the concentrations of the other deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. Progressive inactivation of blast cell S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase was found to occur in the three patients tested but was maximal only after a substantial reduction of peripheral blast cell count. These results show that 2' deoxycoformycin has a potent cytoreductive effect in Thy-ALL and suggest that the molecular basis of this toxicity is related both to the intracellular accumulation of dATP with inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. Inactivation of S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase may be of importance as an additional mechanism. PMID- 6974006 TI - The rising phase of the miniature endplate current at the frog neuromuscular junction. PMID- 6974007 TI - Chloramphenicol inhibits hormone-dependent induction of cytoplasmic mRNA coding for the mitochondrial enzyme, carbamyl phosphate synthetase, in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. AB - In tadpoles injected with thyroxine (T4), synthesis of carbamyl phosphate synthetase 1 is induced so that within 7-8 days this single polypeptide represents one of the most abundant proteins in the liver. Translational assays in vitro showed that liver RNA from control animals had very low levels of translatable mRNA coding for the enzyme whereas carbamyl phosphate synthetase mRNA activity was prominent in liver from tadpoles which had been treated with T4 for just 2 days. When the primary translation product of carbamyl phosphate synthetase mRNA was immunoprecipitated from a messenger-dependent rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system programmed with total liver mRNA, it migrated on SDS-polyacrylamide gels more slowly than the in vivo form of the enzyme and otherwise demonstrated characteristics which were very similar to the precursor for carbamyl phosphate synthetase previously described in rat liver. If tadpoles were treated for 2 days with T4 plus an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis, chloramphenicol, T4-dependent induction of both enzyme synthesis and translatable carbamyl phosphate synthetase mRNA activity were repressed by 45 65%. The two measurements, synthesis in vivo and mRNA activity in vitro, were made on the same liver and correlated closely in their response to chloramphenicol. The data suggest that a product of mitochondrial protein synthesis may be involved in mediating hormonal regulation of the nuclear gene coding for carbamyl phosphate synthetase. PMID- 6974010 TI - Regulation of haemopoiesis in altered gravity. PMID- 6974008 TI - Leupeptin inhibits the C3/5 convertase CVFBb of the complement system. PMID- 6974009 TI - Epidermal growth factor stimulates collagen synthesis in liver-derived epithelial clone cells. PMID- 6974011 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in patients with less than pemphigus vulgaris greater than before, during and after prolonged treatment with steroids. AB - A study was made of the number of T lymphocytes and thier functional activity in 16 patients with pemphigus vulgaris, 5 with involvement of the mucosa, 3 with involvement of the skin and 8 with involvement of both; 2 patients had been suffering from the disease for 7 years, one for one year and the remainder for one to 6 months prior to this investigation. Patients were tested prior to institution of treatment, while receiving initially high doses of steroids and subsequently on maintenance doses. T lymphocyte number was determined by the E rosette technique and their functional activity by a local xenogeneic graft versus-host reaction (GVHR) developed in our laboratories. Prior to therapy 50% of the patients showed impairment in T cell function, with no improvement during intensive steroid therapy; subsequently, when the disease was under control, there was a clear tendency for function to return to normal. There was no correlation between duration of the disease and immune competence but there appeared to be a partial correlation between the latter and the degree of involvement. Our study indicates that long-term steroid therapy not only benefits the clinical condition of the patient but is associated with an improvement in the immunological status. PMID- 6974012 TI - The correction factors for sucrose gap measurements and their practical applications. AB - The distribution of extracellular and intracellular potential in the sucrose gap apparatus, previously established for a single fiber using the cable equations for a core conductor model (Jirounek and Straub, Biophys. J., 11:1, 1971), is obtained for a multifiber preparation. The exact equation is derived relating the true membrane potential change to the measured potential differences across the sucrose gap, the junction potentials between sucrose and physiological solution, the membrane potential in the sucrose region, and the electrical parameters of the preparation in each region of the sucrose gap. The extracellular potential distribution has been measured using a modified sucrose gap apparatus for the frog sciatic nerve and the rabbit vagus nerve. The results indicate a hyperpolarization of the preparations in the sucrose region, of 60--75 mV. The hyperpolarization is independent of the presence of junction potentials. The calculation of the correction terms in the equation relating the actual to the measured potential change is illustrated for the case of complete depolarization by KC1 on one side of the sucrose gap. The correction terms in the equation are given for various experimental conditions, and a number of nomographic charts are presented, by means of which the correction factors can be rapidly evaluated. PMID- 6974013 TI - Changes of thick filament structure during contraction of frog striated muscle. AB - The strongest myosin-related features in the low-angle axial x-ray diffraction pattern of resting frog sartorius muscle are the meridional reflections corresponding to axial spacings of 21.4 and 14.3 nm, and the first layer line, at a spacing 42.9 nm. During tetanus the intensities of the first layer line and the 21.4-nm meridional decrease by 62 and 80% respectively, but, when the muscle is fresh, the 14.3-nm meridional intensity rises by 13%, although it shows a decrease when the muscle is fatigued. The large change in the intensity of the 21.4-nm meridional reflection suggests that the projected myosin cross-bridge density onto the thick filament axis changes during contraction. The model proposed by Bennett (Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 1977) in which successive cross-bridge levels are at 0,3/8, and 5/8 of the 42.9-nm axial repeat in the resting muscle, passing to 0, 1/3, and 2/3 in the contracting state, can explain why the 21.4-nm reflection decreases in intensity while the 14.3-nm increases when the muscle is activated. The model predicts a rather larger increase of the 14.3-nm reflection intensity during contraction than that observed, but the discrepancy may be removed if a small change of shape or tilt of the cross-bridges relative to the thick filament axis is introduced. The decrease of the intensity of the first layer line indicates that the cross bridges become disordered in the plane perpendicular to the filament axis. PMID- 6974015 TI - A simple electrostatic model can explain the effect of pH upon the force-pCa relation of skinned frog skeletal muscle fibers. AB - The relative force-pCa relation of skinned frog skeletal muscle fibers is shifted along the pCa axis by changes in pH. This shift has been interpreted as arising from competition between H+ and Ca2+ for a binding site on troponin. Unfortunately, binding studies have been unable to confirm such competition. Alternatively, however, the data fit a model where H+ influences the degree of dissociation of ionizable groups on the surface of the thin filaments, thus altering the electrostatic potential surrounding the filaments. Alterations in the potential will, in turn, change the concentration of Ca2+ near the troponin binding sites in accordance with the Boltzmann relation. A simple model, based upon the Gouy-Chapman relation between surface potential and charge density, provides a quantitative explanation for the shift of the relative force-pCa curve with pH, given a reasonable estimate of the surface charge density on the thin filament. A best fit is obtained when the ionizable groups giving rise to the potential have a log proton ionization constant (pKa) of 6.1, similar to that for the imidazole group on histidine, and when the density of these groups is near that estimated from amino acid analysis of thin filament proteins and from filament geometry. In preliminary experiments, reaction of skinned frog fibers with diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP) at pH 6 shifted the force-pCa curve toward lower Ca2+. This would be expected in the model since DEP at pH 6 is reported to specifically react with histidine imidazole groups and to irreversibly decrease their pKa, which would increase the net negative charge of the filaments. PMID- 6974016 TI - [Neurotrophic control of frog skeletal muscle following parenteral administration of colchicine]. AB - A study was made of the membrane potential, electric properties and membrane sensitivity of individual muscle fibers to acetylcholine, as well as of electrophysiological characteristics of evoked and spontaneous transmitter release in myoneural synapses of the frog sartorius muscle after parenteral administration of colchicine. After two weeks the decrease in the membrane potential and appearance of junctional sensitivity of muscle fibers to acetylcholine were observed without any changes in the electrical properties of the electrogenic membrane. Concurrently the number of synapses with low values of the quantum composition of EPP increased. Meanwhile spontaneous transmitter release was not affected. It is suggested that denervation-like changes in the muscle were caused by the direct action of the alkaloid on nerve terminals but not on the muscle. PMID- 6974014 TI - Quasi-elastic light-scattering studies of single skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Measurements were made of the intensity autocorrelation function, g(2)[tau], of light scattered from intact frog muscle fibers. During the tension plateau of an isometric tenanus, scattered field statistics were approximately Gaussian and intensity fluctuations were quasi-stationary. The half time, tau 1/2, for the decay of g(2)[tau] was typically 70 ms at a scattering angle of 30 degrees. The decay rate, 1/tau 1/2, of g(2)[tau] varied roughly linearly with the projection of the scattering vector on the fiber axis. 1/tau 1/2 was greater during the tension creep phase of tetani of highly stretched fibers, but was roughly independent of sarcomere length during the tension plateau. g(2)[tau] measured during rest or on diffraction pattern maxima during isometric contraction were flat with low amplitudes. These results are consistent with a model of a 200-mu m segment of an isometrically contracting fiber in which scattering material possesses relative axial velocities of 1-2 mu m/s accompanied by relative axial displacements greater than 0.1 mu m. The slow (1-2 mu m/s) motion of one portion of the fiber relative to another observed under the microscope (500X) during isometric contraction is consistent with the light-scattering results. Structural fluctuations on the scale of the myofibrillar sarcomere which may arise from asynchronous cycling of cross-bridges must involve relative axial velocities less than 3 mu m/s or relative axial displacements less than 0.05 mu m. PMID- 6974017 TI - [Autoreactivity of splenic cells of old rats and animals treated with hydrocortisone]. AB - Spleen cells from 14-month-old mice are capable to induce GVH reaction in syngeneic recipients. Spleen cells obtained on the third day after hydrocortisone injection also induce GVH reaction in syngeneic recipients. The results suggest that T cells which suppress the activity of autoreactive lymphocytes are eliminated with age and after exposure to hydrocortisone. PMID- 6974018 TI - [Electron microscopic study of reparative osteogenesis following electric stimulation of bony tissue regeneration]. AB - Electron microscopy was used to study the regenerating bone tissue in experimental resection of the diaphysis fragment of the rabbit radius under osteogenesis stimulation by means of pulsed low-frequency electric current. Proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and osteoblasts of the bone regenerating tissue were more active under electric stimulation. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of cell organelles occurred earlier as compared with control. Cell secretion was found to be intensified, manifesting by output of greater amounts of collagen protein. As a result of changes listed, the newly formed bone tissue rapidly filled the defect between the fragments. PMID- 6974019 TI - [Morphogenesis of thymus involution during oxythiamine B1-hypovitaminosis]. AB - Atrophy of the thymus cortex was found in rats after administration of oxythiamine. In acute experiments, atrophy was a consequence of a short-term inhibition of proliferation followed by enhancement of disintegration of small thymocytes by caryorhexis. Disintegration assumes an exceptional significance for thymus involution. Breakdown of cells correlated with a sharp decrease in thymocyte resistance to hydrocortisone. Possible metabolic reasons for the decreased resistance are discussed. PMID- 6974020 TI - Lymphocyte dysfunction in chronic graft-versus-host disease. AB - Three recipients of HLA-identical bone marrow transplants developed chronic graft versus-host disease (cGVHD) and hypergammaglobulinemia. All three had evidence of abnormal B-lymphocyte function, including a polyclonal increase in immunoglobulins (Ig), antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, lymphocytotoxins, and increased immune complexes. T-lymphocyte function was also abnormal, including decreased mitogen reactivity and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. The cellular basis of these immune abnormalities was studied in an in vitro system in which we analyzed spontaneous pokeweed mitogen (PWM) driven Ig synthesis. Multiple defects in both T- and B-lymphocyte function were detected. In contrast to normal B cells, circulating B cells from all three patients with cGVHD spontaneously synthesized in vitro greater than 200 ng of IgG and in two of the three greater than 175 ng of IgM. This increase in spontaneous Ig synthesis was not due to a deficiency of regulatory cells, since T cells from the three patients suppressed spontaneous Ig synthesis in a normal fashion. In contrast to this increased spontaneous Ig synthesis, the response of the patients' B cells to PWM-driven Ig synthesis was normal. Using the PWM system we demonstrated several defects in these patients' T cells, including increased suppressor activity and decreased helper cell activity. These data indicate that some patients with cGVHD have multiple defects in both T- and B-cell function that may contribute to their profound immune deficiency. PMID- 6974021 TI - Autostimulation of growth by human myelogenous leukemia cells (HL-60). AB - We have studied the effects of medium conditioned by the human progranulocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, on the subsequent growth of new inocula of HL-60 cells. When HL-60 cells were cultured at high cell density, optimal growth rate occurred in liquid suspension and confluent colony growth was observed in viscous medium without the addition of conditioned medium. However, when cells were cultured at lower cell density, growth rate was reduced and colony growth was nil unless conditioned medium from HL-60 culture was added. All HL-60 populations studied, including the earliest available passage, 9, both elaborated and responded to HL-60 CM. HL-60 CM did not stimulate normal human or mouse granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming cell (CFU-GM) growth. Conditioned media from other human cell lines varied in the ability to stimulate HL-60 cell and CFU-GM proliferation. Some, such as GCT CM, stimulated both HL-60 cells and normal CFU GM, whereas others, like HL-60 CM, stimulated only HL-60 growth. The majority of cell line CMs tested did not stimulate either HL-60 or CFU-GM. Chromatography of HL-60 CM on Ultrogel AcA54 showed a single peak of HL-60 stimulating activity of apparent molecular weight 13,000. The ability of HL-60 cells to elaborate this activity provides a possible explanation for their proliferation at higher cell densities. Autostimulation may prove to be important in the high growth potential of other cell populations that undergo unrepressed proliferation. PMID- 6974022 TI - Chronic T-cell lymphocytosis with neutropenia: report of a case studied with monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6974025 TI - Sex differences in the reporting of symptoms of depression in the general population. AB - The notion of sex differences in depression is well documented in the clinical literature. The origin of such differences is rather less well understood, though some recent opinion has it that sex differences represent no more than measurement artifact based on social influences on the reporting of emotional symptoms. The present study examined sex differences in the reporting of depressive symptoms in a random sample of a general population. Differences in prevalence were found to exist in the expected direction. Moreover, it was found that sex differences held as prominently for somatic symptoms of depression as for emotional or affective symptoms. This latter point is contrary to predictions which can be made on the basis of the "artifact' theory fo sex differences in depression, and leads to the conclusion that such differences represent a real clinical phenomenon. PMID- 6974024 TI - [Histamine receptor-bearing T lymphocytes in patients with nasal allergy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974023 TI - Histopathology of the thymus of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma in complete clinical remission. AB - The histologic features of thymuses from three patients who underwent thymectomy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma in complete clinical remission are described. The thymuses from all three patients were fibrotic with a variability in the appearance of the lobules. Some of the lobules consisted predominantly of epithelial cells with small numbers of mature appearing lymphocytes, while other lobules were expanded and composed predominantly of cells having morphological features of immature lymphoid cells consistent with residual or recurrent disease. PMID- 6974026 TI - [Immunogenetic variants of mouse tumor cells obtained by mutagenesis]. PMID- 6974027 TI - Autoantibodies and the autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6974028 TI - Health services research in rheumatology. PMID- 6974030 TI - Acute colonic hemorrhage. PMID- 6974029 TI - Distribution of P1- and P2-purinoceptors in the guinea-pig and frog heart. AB - 1 The effects of adenyl compounds were examined on the guinea-pig and frog heart in terms of the P(1)/P(2)-purinoceptor hypothesis.2 The effects of two slowly degradable adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) analogues; beta,gamma-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate (APPCP) and alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5' triphosphate (APCPP) were also examined.3 Adenosine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), ATP and APPCP produced inhibitory effects in guinea-pig atria. These inhibitory effects were antagonized competitively by theophylline and potentiated by dipyridamole. APCPP did not produce a similar inhibitory response.4 Guinea-pig ventricles were insensitive to adenyl compounds.5 ATP and ADP produced initial excitatory effects in frog atria which were followed by inhibitory effects. Adenosine and AMP produced inhibitory effects alone whereas APCPP produced excitatory effects only. The inhibitory effects were antagonized competitively by theophylline and potentiated by dipyridamole.6 ATP, ADP, APPCP and APCPP evoked excitatory responses in frog ventricles. These responses were not affected by theophylline or dipyridamole. Adenosine and AMP were inactive on frog ventricles.7 It is concluded that only P(1)-receptors are present in guinea-pig atria; that both P(1)- and P(2) receptors are present in frog atria; and that only P(2)-receptors are present in frog ventricles. No evidence was found for the presence of either P(1)- or P(2) purinoceptors in guinea-pig ventricles. PMID- 6974031 TI - MEchanisms of selective toxicity of metronidazole and other nitroimidazole drugs. PMID- 6974032 TI - Effects of zinc on the cytoskeletal proteins in the central nervous system of the rat. AB - To test for in vivo zinc neurotoxicity on the cytoskeleton of neurotubules and intermediate filaments, Zn wires were implanted into the brains of adult Lewis rats for periods of 1-35 weeks. After 16 weeks of implant, some neurons showed bundles of intermediate filaments which were often localized in the perinuclear area. At the same time, occasional 200 nm tubular-like structures were seen in swollen dendrites. These structures were morphologically similar to Zn ion induced aggregates of pure tubulin and structures found in ZnSO4-treated dorsal root ganglion organotypic cultures. The 200 nm structures in dendrites and the intermediate filaments in neurons increased in frequency with time. After 35 weeks of Zn wire implant, few microtubules could be found in the lesion. All the animals showed an astrocyte and glial filament proliferation with axoglial membrane specialization. Other wires studied: Pt, Ni, Co, Mg, demonstrate that Zn wires have a specific effect on cytoskeletal proteins in the CNS of the rat and many of the effects can be explained by an interaction between Zn and tubulin. PMID- 6974033 TI - Reflex discharge evoked by water stimulation on the frog tongue. AB - The frog tongue contains the chemoreceptor sensitive to water, the role of which has not been clarified. If the water on the tongue reflexly keeps the mouth closed as suggested by Zotterman, reflex discharges should be evoked in the nerve innervating the mandible elevator muscles. So far as we have studied, however, pronounced reflex discharges were evoked in the nerve innervating the submental and submaxillary muscles, but not in the nerves innervating the elevator muscles. This result suggests that the chemoreceptor sensitive to water in the frog tongue plays a role in the nostril closing mechanism. PMID- 6974035 TI - Stereotaxic atlas of the trigeminal ganglion in rat, cat, and monkey. AB - Stereotaxic maps of the trigeminal ganglion of rat, cat and monkey are presented. Each ganglion drawing is a composite from means of coordinates from several ganglions sampled. Depth coordinates are supplied in relation to both the dorsal surface of each ganglion and the cranial bone directly underlying the ganglion. PMID- 6974034 TI - Afferent connections to the lateral hypothalamus: a horseradish peroxidase study in the rat. AB - Horseradish peroxidase, 13% Sigma Type VI, was administered iontophoretically to the mid lateral hypothalamus (LH) of male hooded rats. Animals were perfused intracardially on the following day and brains were removed and sliced in the coronal or sagittal planes into 30-50 micrometer sections. Sections were processed with DAB and BDH for the brown and blue reaction products and later examined by bright and dark field microscopy for the presence and location of retrogradely labeled neurons. Results indicate that a significant number of afferent connections to the LH originate in the olfactory and accumbens nuclei, pyriform cortex, olfactory tracts, magnocellular and medial preoptic and anterior hypothalamic regions, stria terminalis, stria hypothalamic tract, diagonal tract of Broca, caudate-putamen and globus pallidus, internal capsule, lateral septal nuclei, lateral preoptic area and anterior medial forebrain bundle, the various amygdaloid nuclei, zona incerta, perifornical region, dorsal and ventral medial hypothalamic areas, supraoptic, paraventricular and periventricular nuclei, posterior hypothalamus and medial forebrain bundle, ventral thalamic nuclei, the fields of Forel, arcuate and mammillary nuclei, adjacent to the fasciculus retroflexus, in the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, mesencephalic reticular formation, periaqueductal gray, locus coeruleus and parabrachial region. Results are discussed in terms of previous anatomical and neurophysiological data, probable pathways, and the function of LH neurons. PMID- 6974036 TI - Alcohol's effect on body temperature: hypothermia, hyperthermia or poikilothermia? AB - A series of five experiments was undertaken in order to characterize the pharmacological effects of alcohol on the body temperature of the unrestrained rat. After a thermistor probe was fixed within the colon of each animal and its body temperature had stabilized, physiological saline. 2.0 g/kg or 4.0 g/kg of ethyl alcohol was given by intragastric gavage. A constant concentration of 20% was utilized with doses determined volumetrically according to the individual weight of the animal. The following observations were made: (1) At a laboratory room temperature of 22 degrees C, alcohol produced a dose-dependent decline in colonic temperature. This fall was enhanced when the rat was placed in a chamber with an ambient temperature of 8 degrees C, but reversed into a hyperthermic response when the ambient temperature of the rat was elevated to 36 degrees C. (2) If the rat was exposed for one hour to either a warm (36 degrees C) or cold (8 degrees C) ambient temperature beginning at the time of the intragastric gavage with alcohol, the body temperature of the animal correspondingly decreased or increased, respectively. The magnitude of the shift in the animal's colonic temperature depended solely on the dose of alcohol given, i.e., thermolability was enhanced to a greater extent by the r.0 g/kg dose than the 2.0 g/kg dose. Exposure of the rat to a high or low ambient temperature prior to intragastric gavage with alcohol also affected the body temperature displacement as well as the direction of change. (3) Following the 4.0 g/kg alcohol dose, the animal's colonic temperature could be controlled precisely by varying the ambient temperatures in the 26 degrees C--32 degrees C range of thermoneutrality; in fact, within limits, the rat's temperature could be held constant at any predetermined level. (4) Pretreatment of the animal with 6.0 ml of a 50% solution of glucose given subcutaneously failed to attenuate the poikilothermic effect of intragastric alcohol administered in a dose of 4.0 g/kg. (5) Comparisons of the effect on body temperature of equipotent doses of sodium pentobarbital (25 mg/kg), administered intraperitoneally, and alcohol (4.0 g/kg) given by gavage showed that either a high or low ambient temperature elevated or lowered the colonic temperature of the rat at an identical rate and magnitude. It is concluded that alcohol acts acutely as any other anesthetic agent to abolish all thermoregulatory control functions. Thus, the physiological mechanisms for the dissipation of body heat as well as those for heat production are incapacitated by the drug. Clearly, alcohol is a poikilothermic agent, and thus, the decline in body temperature observed in the animal typically kept at a laboratory room temperature of 20 degrees C--24 degrees C represents the result of a cold challenge and is not due to a postulated "hypothermic" effect of alcohol. PMID- 6974037 TI - Thyroid hormone regulation of translation in tadpole tail muscle. AB - Recent in vivo and in vitro studies with polyribosomes from the tail muscle of T3 treated tadpoles establish that this hormone initiates a regulating effect on tadpole tail muscle which operates at the translational level and results in an overall decreased rate of protein synthesis (Saleem, M. & Atkinson, B. G. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 1378-1384). This hormone-induced decrease in the rate of protein synthesis is partially, if not wholly, due to the presence of a sarcoplasmic factor(s) inhibiting ribosomal translational efficiency. This research employs the use of a reconstituted, cell-free polypeptide synthesizing system as a means to substantiate the presence of an inhibitor and further elucidate the mechanism by which this inhibitory factor(s) depresses protein synthesis. The results of this study further demonstrate the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis in the tail muscle sarcoplasm of T3-treated tadpoles and suggest that this depressed synthetic activity results from an interaction of the inhibitor with ribosomal or polyribosomal constituents. PMID- 6974039 TI - Increased therapeutic index using moderate dose methotrexate and leucovorin twice weekly vs. weekly high dose methotrexate-leucovorin in patients with advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck: a safe new effective regimen. AB - A new intensive methotrexate regimen for the treatment of advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck is presented, employing twice-weekly parenteral low-moderate doses of methotrexate and a single parenteral dose of leucovorin 24 hours following methotrexate. Toxicity and therapeutic results in 20 patients treated with this regimen favorably with results of weekly high-dose methotrexate leucovorin in 36 patients treated immediately before initiation of the new regimen. Moderate nephrotoxicity and mild gastrointestinal/mucosal toxicity were common to both, while myelotoxicity was rarely seen with the low dose regimen and was more frequent with the high-dose regimen. Partial response was observed in 60% of patients treated on the intensive low-moderate dose schedule, and 50% of patients previously untreated with methotrexate on the weekly high-dose schedule. None of 12 patients previously failing low-moderate doses of methotrexate responded to high doses administered in this trial. The characteristics of antitumor response with low-moderate and high-dose schedules were similar except for the median dose required to attain response (50 mg/m2 vs. 3 g/m2) and the lesser toxicity of intensive lower dose therapy with leucovorin. PMID- 6974038 TI - Vancomycin blood levels during cardiac bypass surgery. AB - Because of the allergic reaction that some patients have to penicillin and cephalosporins, there is a need for an alternative antimicrobial agent to protect the patient who undergoes coronary artery bypass grafting from infection perioperatively. Vancomycin, a bactericidal antibiotic active against gram positive organisms was studied in 13 men who underwent aortocoronary bypass grafting. For 60 minutes from the time the patient arrived in the operating room, vancomycin (15 mg/kg) was given intravenously. Blood levels were assayed up to 12 hours thereafter. Adequate antistaphylococcal levels of the drug were maintained throughout operation. Twelve hours later levels were subtherapeutic. There was no cardiovascular, cutaneous or renal toxicity. Two patients had minor wound infections. PMID- 6974042 TI - Studies of pancreatic nodule induction and DNA damage by D-azaserine. AB - The ability of the D-isomer of azaserine to induce atypical acinar cell nodules (AACN) in pancreas and to cause DNA damage in pancreas and liver was evaluated. Rats were injected with equivalent doses of D- or L-azaserine and numbers of AACN were counted after 4 months. DNA damage in pancreas and liver of rats treated in vivo, and in pancreatic acinar cells treated in vitro with D- or L-azaserine was determined by alkaline elution. Results show that D-azaserine does not significantly induce AACN in pancreas, nor does it cause extensive DNA damage in comparison with L-azaserine, suggesting that the differential effect of the 2 isomers is related to stereospecificity in either transport or metabolism. PMID- 6974040 TI - Pancreatic carcinoma in azaserine-treated rats: induction, classification and dietary modulation of incidence. AB - Pancreatic carcinomas have been induced in Wistar and W/LEW rats by administration of total azaserine doses of 150-520 mg/kg by injection or oral routes over periods of 5-52 weeks. The latent period for development of invasive carcinomas was 1-2 years, but focal abnormalities in acinar cells appear earlier. The incidence of carcinomas varied with total dose, route, and schedule of azaserine administration. The spectrum of histologic patterns of the carcinomas included well and poorly differentiated acinar cell, ductlike, and undifferentiated carcinomas. Rats fed a purified diet developed more pancreatic neoplasms than rats fed a commercial laboratory chow. Selective feeding of these diets during the administration of carcinogen and following completion of carcinogen treatment indicated that the inhibitory effect of chow on pancreatic carcinogenesis was exerted during the postinitiation phas. Supplementation of diet with 0.025% retinyl acetate during the postinitiation phase also inhibited the progression of azaserine-induced lesions in the pancreas. PMID- 6974043 TI - Cisplatin treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6974044 TI - Cardiac output and venous return as interdependent and independent variables. AB - Under steady states the heart pumps whatever it receives and receives whatever it pumps. In other words, cardiac output (CO) and venous return (VR) are equal and the distinction between the two seems unnecessary. However, under nonsteady states the two are temporarily unequal and the distinction becomes significant. VR varies directly with the difference in pressure between the end of systemic capillaries and the right ventricle during filling and inversely with the total resistance of the venous system. Thus, the energy for VR is derived from CO. In some transient states VR becomes an independent variable and CO dependent until a new steady state is reached (e.g., exercise, hemorrhage, fevers, hyperthyroidism, severe anemia, etc.). In other conditions the opposite is true (e.g., myocardial infarction, altered ventricular contractility, etc.). Explanation of changes in cardiac output in various perturbations of circulation are based on the identification of the independent variable (VR or CO) in a given physiologic or pathologic condition during the period that a nonsteady state exists. PMID- 6974041 TI - Patterns of late replication in X chromosomes of human lymphoid cells. AB - Two predominant patterns of late X replication were observed in both short-term and established human lymphoid cultures. One pattern was found in a minority of short-term cultured T-cell metaphases, in most lectin-stimulated B cells, and, with minor variations, in established B-cell lines. In these cells, DNA replication terminated in the distal part of the long arm of the late X. A different pattern was found in the majority of lectin-simulated T cells and in the T-cell line CCRF-CEM. These cells exhibited terminal replication in a region of the long arm of the late X that was nearer to the centromere. It is speculated that the variations in replication patterns correlate with phenotypic and functional characteristics of human lymphoid subsets. PMID- 6974046 TI - Muscle cells in a nerve trunk of a frog muscle. AB - Three muscle fibers were identified by electron microscopy within a nerve of a frog muscle. They resembled extrafusal muscle fibers but were located in an endoneurial rather than in an endomysial compartment. To call these endoneurial muscle fibers the obvious continuation of extrafusal fibers of a muscle spindle is certainly unwarranted; to label these fibers ectopic and to let the matter rest there is probably an understatement of sorts. PMID- 6974045 TI - Analgesic effect of fentiazac after tooth extraction or minor oral surgery. AB - A new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, fentiazac, was used for analgesia after tooth extractions and minor oral surgery in two Japanese dental hospitals. The drug was administered as a single oral dose of either 50 mg or 100 mg. The 50 mg dose provided rapid analgesic effect, but its effect lasted only two to three hours in a number of patients. At a dose of 100 mg, fentiazac proved effective for 85% of 53 patients, usually providing marked reduction of disappearance of pain within one hour or less. Among patients in whom pain reappeared, the mean time for recurrence was four hours, indicating a satisfactory duration of analgesic effect. One side effect--loss of appetite--was reported by one patient in the entire series of 71 subjects. It is concluded that fentiazac is a highly effective analgesic agent with a wide margin of safety for use after dental procedures that produce pain. PMID- 6974047 TI - The role of lymphotoxin in natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6974050 TI - Absolute requirement for adherent cells in the production of human interleukin 2 (IL2). PMID- 6974049 TI - Macrophages as effectors of T suppression: T-lymphocyte-dependent macrophage mediated suppression of mitogen-induced blastogenesis in the rat. PMID- 6974048 TI - H-2 antigens incorporated into phospholipid vesicles interact specifically with allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6974051 TI - Inability of immunocompetent thymocytes to produce T-cell growth factor under adenosine deaminase deficiency conditions. PMID- 6974052 TI - Immunosuppression by 2' deoxycoformycin: studies on the mode of administration. PMID- 6974054 TI - Fc gamma R expressed on T-cell hybrids: specificity, behavior and relationship with Ia antigens. PMID- 6974055 TI - Surface immunoglobulin isotype, activation, and tolerance susceptibility of B lymphocytes of New Zealand Black Mice. PMID- 6974057 TI - [Current problems in tuberculosis in childhood]. PMID- 6974056 TI - [Endoscopic findings in gastric post-operative complications (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974053 TI - Stimulatory cells in the generation of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity: potent stimulating activity of a small radioresistant spleen cells population (RSCs). PMID- 6974058 TI - Phase I clinical trial and pharmacology of 2,4-diamino-5-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-6 methylpyrimidine (metoprine) (DDMP) and folinic acid (CF). AB - Escalating doses of DDMP (metoprine) (15-280 mg/m2) were administered as single oral doses 24 h before a fixed leucovorin (CF) rescue (15 mg IM every 6 h for 72 h). CNS toxicity was dose-limiting and cumulative when the drug was given more frequently than at 3-week intervals. DDMP has a very long half-life (150 h) and is extensively bound to serum proteins (88%). It diffuses into the CSF and concentrates in brain tumours and normal brain tissue (brainserum ratio 3.8-5.3). DDMP is a potentially useful drug against brain tumors. Tumor regressions were seen in two patients with epidermoid carcinomas. PMID- 6974059 TI - Phase II clinical trial of DDMP (2,4-diamino-5-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-6 methylpyrimidine) and folinic acid (CF) in solid tumors. AB - DDMP, a 2-4 diaminopyrimidine folate antagonist was administered PO once every 3 weeks at a fixed dose level (90 mg/m2), 24 h before a single IM injection of folinic acid (CF), to 77 patients with advanced solid tumors. CF doses were escalated in sequential sets of patients from 9-108 mg/m2. Therapeutic activity was documented against epidermoid tumors of head and neck and lung only at the lower CF doses (9 and 15 mg/m2). Increasing CF resulted in the absence of hematologic toxicity and therapeutic activity. There was no evidence of selective bone marrow protection in this clinical study. PMID- 6974060 TI - Epidermal growth factor, like tumor promoters, enhances viral and radiation induced cell transformation. AB - The polypeptide hormone epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to enhance adenovirus type 5 transformation of a cloned culture of rat embryo cells (CREF) and X-ray or u.v.-light induced transformation of 10T1/2 mouse embryo cells. In both systems, the degree of enhancement was quantitatively similar to that observed in treated rats grown in the presence of the potent tumor promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). An increase in viral transformation was also observed in cells continuously exposed to phorbol esters with known promoting activity on mouse skin, but not structurally related analogs, inactive or weakly active in the two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis assay. In addition, the appearance of transformed foci was accelerated and colonies tended to be larger in cultures grown in the presence of EGF or TPA. The present studies suggest the possibility that EGF may function as an endogenous promoter of carcinogenesis and further indicates that in vitro cell transformation systems may prove useful in identifying such agents. PMID- 6974061 TI - Localization of viable, ischemic myocardium by positron-emission tomography with 11C-palmitate. PMID- 6974062 TI - Assay for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by "high performance" liquid chromatography. AB - We describe a new, rapid, and simple column-chromatographic procedure for 25-OH vitamin D3 in plasma. The vitamin is extracted by use of Sep-pak C18 (octadecyl alkylated silicic acid), a short factory-packed reversed-phase column, and 25-OH vitamin D2 + 25-OH vitamin D3 fraction is eluted with methanol/water. The 25-OH D2 and 25-OH D3 are then well resolved on a high-resolution 3-micrometer silicic acid straight-phase liquid-chromatography column. The peaks are quantified against a 25-OH D3 standard by ultraviolet absorbance. Recovery was assessed by use of tritiated 25-OH D3. The within-assay coefficient of variation of the method was 5% and recovery 93%. The method was evaluated with 26 samples from control subjects and 17 samples from patients, seven with liver disease and 10 who had undergone ileo-ileostomy for hypercholesterolemia. The normal seasonal variation was observed for 25-OH D3 concentrations, and they correlated negatively and significantly with those of 25-OH D2. Post-ileo-ileostomy concentrations of 25-OH D3 in plasma were generally similar to those in normal individuals for the same reason (winter), but 25-OH D2 concentrations were insignificantly lower. The patients with chronic liver disease had significantly lower 25-OH D3 concentrations than normal persons but higher 25-OH D2 concentrations, with a significantly higher 25-OH D2/25-OH D3 ratio, indicating poor storage of vitamin D3. PMID- 6974065 TI - Association between circulating immune complexes and renal disease in New Zealand mice. AB - Using female NZB x NZW (B/W) F1 x NZW backcross mice, analyses were made to determine the correlations among C1q- binding and conglutinin (Kg) binding immune complexes in the circulation and the proteinuria of the B/W F1 mice. There was a significant association between the development of proteinuria and the high serum level of Kg-binding immune complexes, while no significant association was seen between the proteinuria and the C1q-binding immune complexes in the backcrosses. There was a lack of correlation between these C1q-binding and Kg-binding immune complexes. These results suggest that the major immune complexes detected by these two methods differ in nature and emphasize that the demonstration of antigen-non-specific immune complexes in the circulation do not necessarily mean that these immune complexes are responsible for the pathogenesis of the particular disease being studied. PMID- 6974064 TI - In vivo generation and clearance of soluble immune complexes containing IgM antibodies in normal and decomplemented rabbits. AB - Soluble immune complexes containing IgM antibodies (IgM.IC) were generated in vivo utilizing a passive induction model, whereby purified antibodies were injected into rabbits with circulating radiolabelled bovine serum albumin (BSA) as antigen. A triphasic response was obtained consisting of an initial rapid elimination of TCA-precipitable antigen in the first 30 min, followed by a progressive diminution in the clearance velocity as antigen from the tissues moved back into the circulation to re-equilibrate, and subsequent elimination of the antigen at a rate close to that of free BSA. The dynamics of IC formation and disappearance were studied by a combination of Farr assay and solid-phase C1q binding. The results show that the rate of clearance decreased as the complexes progressively moved into antigen excess, and that the decrease in the proportion of complexed antigen was mirrored by a similar decrease in the ability of the complexes to bind C1q. Depletion of complement by treatment with cobra venom factor did not inhibit the clearance of the antigen, but may have inhibited solubilization of the complexes in vivo. Tissue localization experiments indicated that the liver is the organ predominantly involved in the uptake and catabolism of in vivo-generated IgM.IC. These results show that the clearance velocity of soluble IgM.IC is critically dependent on the antigen/antibody ratio, and that clearance is mediated via a C3b-independent mechanism in the RES. PMID- 6974063 TI - Familial tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome Type II. AB - Two cases, a father and daughter, with all the principal signs of tricho-rhino phalangeal syndrome Type II are described, although nine previously reported cases were all sporadic. It is suggested that these patients have a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. It may be reasonable to assume that a patient with relatively mild mental retardation, such as the father in the present report, could marry and have off-spring. Generalized aminoaciduria was found in the affected daughter. PMID- 6974066 TI - The human cytotoxic T cell response to influenza A vaccination. AB - The human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to challenge with influenza A vaccine was studied. Six of eight volunteers given killed whole influenza virus A/USSR (H1N1) vaccine showed substantial increases on the level of CTL memory 1 month after immunization. The CTL measured at this time showed complete cross reactivity in their specificity for influenza A/USSR (H1N1) and A/X31 (H3N2) infected cells and also showed HLA restriction. The level of CTL memory increased in only three out of nine donors given subunit vaccine and showed no change in those not given vaccine. If cytotoxic T cells are important in influenza prophylaxis, killed whole virus vaccine should offer better protection than subunit vaccine. PMID- 6974069 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A on in vitro proliferative activity and immunoglobulin synthesis of isolated human lymphoid cell subpopulations. AB - Cyclosporin A inhibited at equal concentration both pokeweed mitogen and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-induced in vitro proliferative activity of blood leucocytes, intracellular immunoglobulin synthesis and release of immunoglobulin to the culture medium. When the interacting lymphoid cell subpopulations, T cells, B cells, T gamma and T micro cells were fractionated apart and separately stimulated with these mitogens, cyclosporin A inhibited again at equal concentrations pokeweed mitogen-induced proliferation of blood T gamma, T micro and B cells and Staphylococcus-induced proliferation of B cells. The 50% inhibitory concentration varied in separate experiments between 10(-2)-10(-1) microgram/ml. Although cyclosporin A efficiently suppressed the blastogenic response, a 100- to 1,000-fold concentration of the drug was required to damage resting lymphocytes in culture. After the blastogenic phase, pokeweed mitogen stimulated blood leucocytes were again resistant to cyclosporin A: intracellular Ig synthesis and release of Ig to the culture medium proceeded independently of the presence of the drug. As the phagocytic activity of mononuclear phagocytes was not affected by prior culture in cyclosporin A-containing medium, we conclude that in man cyclosporin A suppression both T and B lymphocyte blastogenesis, and that the suppression is due to a direct effect on the blast cell rather than mediated via a third-party accessory cell. PMID- 6974067 TI - Serological and functional characterization of human T cell subsets. PMID- 6974068 TI - Increase and inhibition of pre-B cell proliferation in culture, by T cells. AB - T cells may either increase or decrease in vitro proliferation of marrow pre-B cells from patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia after withdrawal of successful treatment. There is less proliferation when T cells are removed by E rosetting, and repletion of T cells restores proliferation. When additional T cells from the patients were added to the patients' marrows, proliferation was increased more effectively than with T cells from healthy subjects; there was no evidence of an allogeneic effect. In contrast, normal T cells stimulated with concanavalin A suppress proliferation. There was no evidence of differentiation into B cells. PMID- 6974072 TI - The cellular basis of accelerated human lymphocyte activation following preliminary culture: the role of T lymphoblasts. PMID- 6974070 TI - In vitro synthesis of IgG by peripheral blood lymphocytes in chronic liver disease. AB - In vitro IgG synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) was studied. In addition, the effect of pokeweed mitogen (PWM), polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid complexes (poly A:U) and thymosin fraction 5 on IgG synthesis was determined. Unstimulated cultures of PBM from patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) synthesized significantly higher quantities of IgG than the controls. Moreover, there was a direct correlation between serum IgG concentrations and the quantity of newly synthesized IgG in these unstimulated cultures. PWM, poly A:U and thymosin each stimulated increased IgG synthesis in the controls. While neither poly A:U nor thymosin enhanced IgG synthesis in patients with CLD, PWM increased IgG synthesis in CAH but not AC. These results indicate that spontaneous in vitro B cell synthesis of IgG is enhanced in CLD and may reflect antigenic stimulation in vivo. PMID- 6974073 TI - Natural killer activity and lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with primary humoral and cellular immunodeficiencies. PMID- 6974071 TI - Anti-albumin antibodies in chronic liver diseases: diagnostic significance of these antibodies in patients with conventional or immunosuppressive therapy. AB - The two categories of anti-albumin antibodies (AAA), namely precipitins (AA-P) and agglutinins (AA-Aggl), were investigated in 260 patients with morphologically diagnosed chronic liver diseases (CLD). A parallelism was observed between AA-P titre and the severity of chronic hepatitis as revealed by clinical diagnosis. Thus, significant differences in AA-P titre were noticed between chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH) and between CAH and liver cirrhosis (LC). No correlation was found between AA-P positivity and either HBsAg presence or disease activity, maximum AA-P values being registered in decompensated, inactive LC. AA-P positivity was found associated with a higher degree of liver cell dysfunction. In every category of CLD a striking association was also observed between AA-P positivity and raised serum aspartate transaminase and bilirubin levels, thus suggesting a common pathogenic substrate, namely liver cell membrane damage. These correlations were also observed after immunosuppressive therapy which would argue for the maintenance of AA-P diagnostic value. AA-Aggl showed raised incidences and titres in CAH patients, the values decreasing in LC. Therefore, the main diagnostic value is attributed to AA-P. PMID- 6974075 TI - Human B-lymphocyte subpopulations. II. Plasma cell differentiation of isotype specific B lymphocytes from peripheral blood. PMID- 6974076 TI - Expression of heterophile Paul-Bunnell antigen on human lymphoid cell lines. PMID- 6974077 TI - Effects of diflunisal on platelet function and fecal blood loss. AB - The effects of diflunisal, a nonacetylated difluorinated salicylate, on platelet function were compared with those of aspirin and placebo. In a randomized, double blind trial, normal subjects were given diflunisal, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg twice daily; aspirin, 650 or 1,300 mg twice daily; or placebo for 8-day periods. Difunisal, 250 mg, had no effect on platelet function, whereas 500 mg induced minimal inhibition of colagen-induced release of platelet serotonin, and 1,000 mg inhibited platelet malondialdehyde production, moderately prolonged template bleeding times (P = NS), and increased fecal blood loss (P less than 0.05). In contrast, aspirin, 650 mg, markedly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and serotonin release, and 1,300 mg prolonged bleeding time (P less than 0.01) and increased fecal blood loss (P less than 0.01). The effects of aspirin lasted for up to 5 days, whereas changes induced by diflunisal had returned to baseline 24 hr after the drug was discontinued. We conclude that in doses in the same range as those of aspirin diflunisal inhibits platelet function less. PMID- 6974078 TI - Cardiorespiratory simulation for the evaluation of recovery following coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6974079 TI - Computerized axial tomography in the diagnosis of cerebral metastases. PMID- 6974074 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and natural-killer-like activity are mediated by subsets of activated T cells. PMID- 6974080 TI - Place of computed tomography in pancreatic disease. Comparison with other radiological methods. PMID- 6974081 TI - Evaluation of upper urinary tract by CT scan and ultrasonography. PMID- 6974082 TI - Evaluation of lower urinary tract by computed tomography and transrectal ultrasonography. PMID- 6974083 TI - The role of computerized tomography in the after care of patients suffering from a carcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 6974086 TI - Aortocoronary vein graft spasm, a clinical entity? PMID- 6974087 TI - Spasm of a saphenous vein bypass graft. A possible mechanism for occlusion of the venous graft. AB - The phenomenon of spasm in a venous graft was documented by angiographic study of the graft. This phenomenon has not been reported previously, and, therefore, its frequency of occurrence is unknown. Spasm of a venous graft may prove to play a significant role in the early development of myocardial infarction, closure of the graft, or recurrence of angina after initially successful surgery for aortocoronary bypass when venous grafts remain patent. PMID- 6974085 TI - Safety of fiberoptic bronchoalveolar lavage in evaluation of interstitial lung disease. AB - Over a three-year period, 281 fiberoptic bronchoalveolar lavage procedures were performed on 119 individuals with interstitial lung disease and 22 normal volunteers. There were no major complications. Less than 5 percent of the procedures were associated with minor complications including (2.5 percent), pneumonitis (0.4 percent), bleeding (0.7 percent) and bronchospasm (0.7 percent); none of these complications required therapy. Those individuals developing complications had a wide range of physiologic findings; functional tests could not predict which subjects were more likely to develop minor complications associated with lavage. These findings suggest that bronchoalveolar lavage for interstitial disease is a safe procedure associated with minor risks. PMID- 6974084 TI - A case of sterile endophthalmitis associated with the extended-wear of an aphakic soft contact lens. PMID- 6974088 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavages of patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - Sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) are two granulomatous pulmonary diseases, the former of unknown cause and the latter with known etiology. To compare these diseases, we practiced bronchoalveolar lavage on 16 patients with sarcoidosis, 6 with HP, 10 healthy nonsmokers, and 10 smokers with chronic bronchitis. Lymphocyte subpopulations were evaluated by four membrane markers: (1) The total cell count was very high in patients with HP compared with those with sarcoidosis and with healthy subjects. (2) The proportion of lymphocytes was higher in patients with HP than in those with sarcoidosis (P less than 0.02) and also higher in patients with sarcoidosis than in healthy subjects (P less than 0.001). (3) There were only a small number of B cells and of Fc-receptor bearing cells. (4) The lymphocytes identified by our techniques were mainly T cells in sarcoidosis and HP (68.4 +/- 3.5 percent and 76.8 +/- 3.6 percent, respectively), but the proportion of "active" E-rosette-forming cells was higher in sarcoidosis than in HP (28.1 +/- 2.5 percent vs 9.8 +/- 1.5 percent) and higher in patients with HP than in healthy subjects. These studies suggest that: (1) these two granulomatoses may be differentiated by this method, which might also be used for other pulmonary angiitis and granulomas; (2) cell-mediated immune phenomena play a major role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, and conversely the finding of low active E-rosette proportions in HP limits the role of delayed-type hypersensitivity; and (3) the exact role of immunologic activation of bronchopulmonary macrophages, "presenting" antigen to T cells, for instance, must be evaluated. PMID- 6974089 TI - Motion of pulmonic valve and constrictive pericarditis. AB - Extreme respiratory variation in the depth of the "a" wave of the pulmonic valve echo was demonstrated in a patient with constrictive pericarditis; a mechanism for this finding is offered. Disparity in systolic and diastolic ventricular function in constriction is also useful in ruling out restrictive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6974090 TI - [Immunopathological findings in precancerous and carcinomatous conditions of the oral mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974092 TI - The role of non-uniform sarcomere behaviour during relaxation of striated muscle. PMID- 6974093 TI - Acetylation of procainamide and isoniazid by a rat liver-N-acetyl-transferase. AB - The genetic variation of the enzyme isoniazid-N-acetyltransferase has been studied in man and other species. Homogenates of liver samples of adult LEW rats also acetylate procainamide. The kinetic properties of isoniazid and procainamide acetylation are similar and are consistent with a ping-pong Bi-Bi mechanism. The experimental data support the hypothesis that one acetyltransferase catalyses both procainamide and isoniazid. Furthermore, a simple spectrophotometric assay to determine procainamide acetylation is presented. PMID- 6974094 TI - Evidence for immediate hypersensitivity phenomena in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. AB - Evidence is presented for the involvement of immediate hypersensitivity phenomena in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis, an ocular inflammatory disease induced in Lewis rats by injection of the purified S antigen from bovine retina. Several parameters at various dates after immunization have been studied. In vivo degranulation of choroidal mast cells, in vitro degranulation of peritoneal mast cells in the presence of S antigen and cutaneous anaphylaxis were observed as early as 6-8 days after immunization. Serum antibodies were detected by passive hemagglutination from day 7 on. These phenomena preceded the onset of the ocular inflammation, consisting of a transient polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, a long-lasting lymphoid cell infiltration and extensive damage to the retina and surrounding tissues. Such time course of events may suggest a role for reaginic antibody as a trigger for vascular changes in the target ocular tissue, favoring the development of inflammatory lesions. PMID- 6974091 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance in medical imaging]. PMID- 6974096 TI - The role of inflammation in radiation cataractogenesis. PMID- 6974097 TI - Image processing in pathology. X. Electron microscopic morphometric analysis of human lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - In the present paper, methods of automatic image processing were used for a fine structural differentiation of lymphocyte subpopulations in purified non-labelled lymphocyte suspensions from peripheral blood. It was found that lymphocyte subpopulations differ in several morphological features which have been generated from the whole cell as well as from the nucleus. In general, these differences are greater than those attributed to individual deviations as well as as to influences from the preparation. As found by immunological methods, the composition of morphologically determined subpopulations corresponds to T- and non- T-cells. A preliminary functional interpretation fo the morphological differences is discussed. PMID- 6974095 TI - Epidermal growth factor induces redistribution of actin and alpha-actinin in human epidermal carcinoma cells. PMID- 6974098 TI - Pharmacokinetic study on the percutaneous absorption of p-aminobenzoic acid from three sunscreen preparations. PMID- 6974099 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological activity of amino- and dialkylaminoalkamides of derivatives of 3-carboxy-4-phenylisoquinoline. I]. AB - The synthesis of a series of 1-amino derivatives of 3-carboxymethyl-4 phenylisoquinoline and of dialkylaminoalkylamides of 2-methyl-3-carboxy-4-phenyl 1,2-dihydro-1-oxoisoquinoline and of 1-methoxy-3-carboxy-4-phenylisoquinoline is described. The pharmacological activity of some of these compounds was studied. 1 Morpholino-3-carboxymethyl-4-phenylisoquinoline (IV a) and 1-pyrrolidino derivatives (IV d) caused reduction in spontaneous activity and reactivity in mice whereas compounds (VIII a) and (XII b) showed good local anesthetic activity in infiltration tests. PMID- 6974100 TI - Synthesis and analgetic-antiinflammatory activity of 3,5-pyrazolidinediones bearing small-ring cycloalkyl groups. AB - Six 1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinediones substituted in the 4-position with small ring cycloalkyl groups were prepared and tested for analgetic-antiinflammatory activity. Three of the synthesized compounds exerted an analgetic antiinflammatory activity quantitatively superior to that of phenylbutazone used as a reference standard. In particular, one of the compounds (VI) proved twice as potent as phenylbutazone while possessing the same ulcerogenic effect. PMID- 6974101 TI - New pharmacologically active 2-phenylpyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidines. AB - 2-Phenylpryrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine (I) 4,7-dihydro-2-phenylpyrazolo [1,5 a]pyrimidin-7-one (II) and 4,5-dihydro-2-phenylpyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one (III) are prepared. Because of the interesting antipyretic, hypothermizing and anti-inflammatory properties of some of their derivatives, the above mentioned compounds are used as reference compounds in a Q.S.A.R. study still in progress. Methylation of (II) and (III) with (CH3)2SO4 and CH2N2 gives methylderivatives whose structure is determined by spectroscopic means. PMID- 6974102 TI - A study of some pharmacological effects of a new synthetic C-nucleoside. AB - The effect of a new synthetic C-nucleoside (2-beta-D-lyxopyranosyl-6,6-dimethyl 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindol-4-one) on cell differentiation and growth was studied through three kinds of experiments: a) Appearance rate of peripheral blood cells in AKR mice, b) Growth capacity of Ehrlich ascite tumor cells and c) Reappearance rate of membrane receptors on T-lymphocytes which from E-rosette aggregates with sheep red cells. This C-nucleoside produced an inhibitory effect on all the processes studied, although not so strong as with the reference drug (methotrexate). PMID- 6974103 TI - Interaction of fibronectin with C1q and its collagen-like fragment (CLF). PMID- 6974105 TI - [A contribution to the etiology and pathogenesis of Reiter's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974104 TI - [Effect of changes in intracellular calcium concentration on the response of isolated frog retina photoreceptors]. AB - The role of Ca++ in photoreception was studied by releasing these ions in rod cytoplasma from mitochondrias under 2,4 DNP/10(-4) M/action or blocking the transmembrane Ca++ transport by LaCl3 application (0.1; 0.5; 4 mM). The late receptor potential of the frog retina in response to the repeating stimuli after adding 2.4-DNP in the strophantine--containing saline decreases more slowly than in the control. After adding La+++ ions rods and cones generate the receptor potentials of the same amplitude in the Ca++-free solution as in the Ca++- containing medium. La+++ seems to block calcium permeability of the photoreceptor membrane. These results are incompatible with Ca++ inward current as supposed for cones by the Hagins hypothesis. Ca++ seems to act inside photoreceptor as a modulator rather than the transmitter. PMID- 6974106 TI - [T and B lymphocytes in DNCB-treated alopecia areata (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974107 TI - [Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis using low frequency electrotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974108 TI - Hapten-specific, carrier dependent cells in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. PMID- 6974109 TI - Characterization and partial purification of androgen receptors from ram seminal vesicles. AB - An androgen receptor has been demonstrated in the cytosol and in the nuclear fraction of ram seminal vesicles. The cytosol receptor was stabilized by sodium molybdate and 2 distinct [3H]methyltrienolone-binding proteins, one sedimenting at 9S and one sedimenting at 3S, could be demonstrated by sucrose-gradient centrifugation in the presence of 50 mM molybdate. The slower sedimenting form could be partially purified by ADP-sepharose chromatography. The purified receptor still sedimented at 3S after centrifugation on sucrose gradients containing either 0.6 M KCl or 50 mM molybdate. The receptor was destroyed by heating at 50 degrees C for 30 min and its complex with [3H]methyltrienolone dissociated slowly at low temperatures. The apparent equilibrium-dissociation constant (KD) for the purified receptor was: 3.8 x 10(-10) M. The relative affinities for different steroids decreased in the following sequence: 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone greater than or equal to methyltrienolone greater than testosterone much greater than estradiol greater than R5020 greater than progesterone greater than diethylstilbestrol. The nuclear androgen receptor sedimented at 3S on sucrose gradients containing 0.6 M KCl. At pH 7.4 it behaved as an acidic protein with an electrophoretic mobility towards the anodic region of the agar gel. Because of the relatively large content of cytoplasmic and nuclear androgen receptors and the availability of large amounts of tissue the ram seminal vesicles could be a suitable source for large-scale purification of these receptors. PMID- 6974110 TI - Prekallikrein activator levels and side effects with human albumin preparations. AB - Recently the question has been raised whether the presence of prekallikrein activator (PKA) in human blood products for i.v. application could possibly cause adverse reactions in the recipient as observed now and then. Up to now a correlation between both properties is far from being established, even though in the U.S. there has been extensive discussion over some PPL batches containing elevated amounts of PKA, presumed to be causally related to an increased frequency of side reactions. As has been demonstrated in the past through wide clinical experience, human albumin is an exceptionally safe blood product. If at all, side effects sometimes seem to occur related to certain individual lots, the reason for which is still unrevealed. In the pursuit of eventually finding some association between PKA levels in and side reactions with albumin, we performed PKA measurements on a panel of commercial human albumin batches, a few of which had been reported occasionally to cause adverse reactions. The assay procedure was essentially that published (3). BOB PKA reference No 1 was included as a standard. PKA was detected in moderate amounts in huge series of albumin batches without any reported side reactions. We conclude, therefore, that PKA levels in the range of trace amounts cannot be related to side reactions with human albumin preparations. PMID- 6974111 TI - The BB diabetic rat. Profound T-cell lymphocytopenia. AB - Approximately 50% of Wistar "BB" rats spontaneously develop overt diabetes mellitus characterized by loss of beta-cells and "insulitis." To define abnormalities of immunoregulation in these rats, we quantitated their major circulating lymphocyte subsets. Independent of the development of diabetes, we found the BB rats to have a markedly increased percentage of circulating B lymphocytes which is secondary to a severe T-cell lymphocytes which is secondary to a severe T-cell lymphocytopenia, with the major circulating T-cell subset reacting with monoclonal antibody W3/25 markedly decreased. This lymphocytopenia is present in every animal studied and contrasted with studies of the nondiabetic Wistar strain from which the "BB" rats were developed. PMID- 6974112 TI - The extraembryonic endodermal differentiation and polyploidization of embryonal carcinoma cells in vitro. AB - Embryonal carcinoma cells (EC cells) can form a wide variety of differentiated cell types and thus resemble the pluripotential stem cells of the normal embryo. Certain EC cell derivatives acquire the biochemical and morphological features of primitive endoderm and have been called 'END' or endodermlike cells. Although these have also been called 'giant' because of their large size, their nuclear DNA contents are not known. Since cell size often corresponds to DNA content and primitive endoderm becomes polyploid during the course of normal development, EC derived endoderm has been studied cytophotometrically. Thus, EC- and embryo derived endoderm were found to be similar in that both of these tissues undergo polyploidization. Moreover, the polyploid cells of either EC or embryonic origin do not appear to be terminal cell types, since they can occasionally enter renewed cell division in spite of their large size. PMID- 6974113 TI - Preparation of antibody (IgG)-ricin A-chain conjugate and its biologic activity. AB - As a model experiment for the preparation of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, a disulfide-linked conjugate of rabbit anti-mouse IgG (RaMIgG) and ricin A-cahin was synthesized. Activated sulfhydryl groups were first introduced into RaMIgG and then the modified RaMIgG was reacted with ricin A-chain. The fraction containing the conjugate was obtained from the reaction mixture by gel filtration through Sephadex G-150 and was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion in agar. The inhibitory activity of A-chain against protein synthesis in a cell-free system and the binding activity of RaMIgG to mouse B lymphocytes were both fully retained. The purified conjugate selectively inhibited protein synthesis in mouse B lymphocytes possessing cell surface Ig, but not that in thymocytes. The cytotoxicity was inhibited by adding mouse IgG and an excess amount of RaMIgG to the cell culture. The effects of unlinked RaMIgG and A-chain on the cytotoxicity were negligible even when the two were used as a mixture. PMID- 6974114 TI - Analysis of cell surface antigen on neoplastic lymphocytes by the use of anti human brain serum. AB - Cell surface antigens on neoplastic lymphoid cells of T cell lineage were analyzed with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS-II) by utilizing rabbit antisera raised against human brain tissue (anti-Br) and fetal thymocytes (anti Ty). Both before and after extensive absorption with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), the anti-Br antiserum was capable of staining neoplastic lymphoid cells from patients with Sezary syndrome, mycosis fungoides, thymoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The absorption of anti-Ty with normal PBL, however, resulted in loss of the ability to stain normal bone marrow cells and preabsorbed with normal PBL was found to stain normal bone marrow cells and neoplastic myeloid cells but not fetal thymocytes. It is suggested that the absorbed anti-Br is capable of detecting differentiation antigens present on immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, which would be anomalously expressed on neoplastic lymphoid cells to T cell lineage. PMID- 6974115 TI - Growth stimulation of hamster embryonic fibroblasts by phorbol esters. AB - The growth on hamster embryonic fibroblasts was highly dependent on the serum concentration in the medium. A tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate (TPA), enhanced the growth of hamster embryonic fibroblasts in the medium containing low concentrations of serum. Among phorbol derivatives, phorbol-12,13 didecanoate and 4-O-methyl-12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate also showed growth stimulation, but 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, phorbol-12,13 diacetate and phorbol did not. TPA increased the accumulation of 2-deoxyglucose into the cells at low serum concentrations. Thus, hamster embryonic fibroblasts were sensitive to phorbol esters as growth stimulators, and TPA reduced the serum requirement of the cells. PMID- 6974116 TI - Boosting healing power in humans. PMID- 6974117 TI - The new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - Most physicians regard to newer short-acting anti-inflammatory drugs as a substitute for aspirin because they are less toxic. Although these drugs cannot induce remissions of rheumatoid arthritis, they do afford symptomatic relief and exert both a moderate algesic and anti-inflammatory effect in conditions like osteoarthritis, gout, pseudogout, and a variety of musculoskeletal syndromes. The many adverse reactions and toxic effects associated with these drugs are probably related to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase, which in turn reduces the biosynthesis of prostaglandins in widespread areas of the body. Thus limited in number, these compounds cannot play an effective role in the body's defense mechanisms. Researchers postulate that this failure accounts for the gastrointestinal and renal lesions--as well as other, as yet unexplained toxic manifestations--noted in patients taking these drugs. For safety's sake, the newer anti-inflammatory drugs should be used with large doses of aspirin, other agents that inhibit prostaglandin synthetase, or drugs that are potentially nephro-toxic. PMID- 6974119 TI - [Nuclear medicine and neurology: cerebral sequential and functional scintigraphy in neurological diseases]. PMID- 6974118 TI - T acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with breast tumor. A brief report. AB - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of L-2 type was diagnosed in an 18-year-old female with breast tumour. Her peripheral leukaemic cells reacted with anti-human peripheral T cell serum and part of the cells expressed SRBC receptor indicating the T origin of her leukaemia. She had a tumoral mass in her breast consisting of the same leukaemic cells. Combination chemotherapy was applied and she went into complete haematological remission with simultaneous disappearance of the breast tumour. PMID- 6974121 TI - [Diagnosis of drug dependence. References for the practice. Part 2: synopsis of the most important drugs and their effect]. PMID- 6974120 TI - [Rheumatic diseases of the joints, problems of diagnosis. Report on 3rd Rheumatism Meeting, June 6, 1980 in Oberammergau]. PMID- 6974122 TI - [The anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Anatomy, clinical aspects and microneurosurgery]. AB - The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (Aica) is the principal vessel of the cerebellopontine angle. It consistently originates from the caudal third of the basilar artery, proceeds to the internal auditory meatus, coming in close proximity to the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, and then arches along the neighboring subsurface of the cerebellum. Four sections of the artery are distinguished on the basis of the topography and branching pattern. The Aica supplies the pontomedullar junction laterally, the inner ear through the labyrinthine artery and portions of the cerebellar cortex below the horizontal cerebellar fissure. It may contribute to the supply of the petrosal dura, the choroid plexus in the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle and the middle cerebellar peduncle. Its labyrinthine and subarcuate branches firmly anchor the vessel to the petrous bone. This explains why angiograms in cerebellopontine angle processes typically show displacement patterns. Angiographically the Aica is best visualized in the a.p. view. On lateral films useful information is unlikely without subtraction techniques or angiotomography. Symptoms caused by Aica-lesions or occlusions have primarily been explained in terms of reduced blood supply in the brainstem and inner ear, as perfusion in the cerebellar region supplied by the vessel can be adequately maintained by arterio-arterial anastomoses of the other cerebellar arteries. As a rule, the Aica is not prominently involved in the supply of acoustic neurinomas, since these tumors are epiarachnoidal and, as a result, predominantly supplied by dural vessels. This explains why Aica can be preserved even if a radical approach is used for extirpating acoustic neurinomas. PMID- 6974123 TI - [Heart surgery in old age]. PMID- 6974124 TI - [Therapy with non-steroidal antirheumatics]. AB - Non-steroidal antirheumatics have firmly established their essential role in therapy of rheumatic diseases. They improve the qualitative standards of living by means of removing pain, and are successfully slowing down inflammatory processes. Finally they very often will allow introduction of effective therapy maintaining functions. Regarding effects and side effects of non-steroidal antirheumatics doctors and especially patients should accept the facts of reality. This implies a reasonable desensibilization which will also lead to better compliance of patients. PMID- 6974127 TI - Alpha-I-antitrypsin and copper in the liver. AB - The incidental finding of orcein positive granules, indicating copper associated protein, in alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) positive liver biopsies stimulated a histochemical search for evidence of copper and copper-binding protein in a series of 46 liver biopsies with histological evidence of AAT accumulation. Hepatic accumulation copper and copper-binding protein occurred in all 19 cirrhotics (100%) and in 14 out of 27 non-cirrhotic livers (51.85%). The overall percentage was 71.73%. AAT and copper deposits coexisted in the same periportal hepatocytes. AAT globules showed positive reactivity both to rhodanine and orcein stains. The severity of chronic liver damage correlated with increasing amounts of copper deposition. It is suggested that in AAT storage, not only is the metabolism of this substance disturbed, but also that of proteins involved in copper metabolism and excretion, resulting in copper accumulation within hepatocytes. PMID- 6974125 TI - [SP-1: parameter for the high risk pregnancy. The pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein in the serum of pregnant women with toxemia]. AB - The rising concentration of the pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP-1/PS beta G) in the serum can be easily estimated without major technical and financial effort. Low values are found in cases of severe toxemia and intrauterine growth retardation. The SP-1/PS beta G can be an additional parameter to supervise high risk pregnancies. PMID- 6974128 TI - Chromosome changes in the lymphomas. AB - A substantial proportion of all lymphomas contain a marker chromosome 14q +. In Burkitt's lymphoma the marker 14q + was shown in the past to be due to a t(8;14)(q24;32). Recent studies have pointed out that 8q - may be more characteristic and more specific for Burkitt's lymphoma than 14q +, since translocations involving chromosome 8 with 2 or 22 (and not 14) have been described in a significant number of cases of Burkitt's lymphoma. Although chromosome 14 appears to be most common recipient of translocated material in non Burkitt's lymphomas, the donor chromosome may be one of a variety of chromosomes such as 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 11, 14, and 18. To date, however, no clinical specificity of the donor chromosome in a particular type of lymphoma has been established. It will be necessary to accumulate more such data, and to relate the information to cell markers, histologic features, stage, and therapeutic response in the cases involved, before a more precise classification of the non-Burkitt's lymphomas becomes available. PMID- 6974126 TI - Inhibition of human tissue (urinary) kallikrein by sera of patients suffering from hereditary alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor) deficiency. PMID- 6974129 TI - Differences in mitogenic responses of murine T cells to two distinct phytohemagglutinin (PHA) subcomponents. AB - Two distinct mitogenic subcomponents of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)--leucoagglutinin (LA) and "purified" PHA--apparently stimulated different subpopulations of murine T cells. In the DBA/2J strain, the mitogenic responses of splenic lymphocytes to LA reached maximal levels after 24 to 36 hr exposure and almost completely disappeared by 48 hr, whereas maximal responses to PHA were maintained after 48 hr incubation. The levels of LA-responding T cells were highest in DBA/2J spleens at 5 weeks of age but markedly declined by 9 weeks of age, whereas thymic levels of LA-responding T cells reached a maximum at 9 weeks of age and remained maximal past 15 weeks of age. PHA-responding cells, in contrast, reached maximal levels in both the spleen and thymus of DBA/2J mice at 9 weeks of age. In C57BL/6J mice, splenic and thymic lymphocytes responded similarly to both components, except that the response of splenic lymphocytes to PHA reached a maximum after shorter incubation time and declined sooner than their response to LA. The mitogenic responses of C57BL/6J thymocytes to both components were already at their peak by 5 weeks of age and almost totally disappeared by 9 weeks, whereas the responses of splenic lymphocytes were maximal at 9-15 weeks of age. The responses of DBA/2J splenocytes to LA was significantly augmented by PHA, but LA markedly suppressed the proliferative responses to PHA. PMID- 6974131 TI - Effects of anti-lymphocytic globulin in human subjects. AB - Some of the immunological effects of anti-lymphocytic globulin (ALG) were examined in patients taking part in a clinical study of equine ALG in ulcerative colitis. ALG administration led to reduction in the percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes forming spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E rosettes). Evidence was obtained that this reduction was the result of genuine depletion of circulating T (thymus-dependent) lymphocytes, rather than blockade of E-rosette formation by ALG on lymphocyte surfaces. Using an immunofluorescence technique, horse Ig was demonstrated on lymphocytes from patients receiving ALG. By combining this technique with E-rosette formation, horse Ig was detected on patients' E-rosette-positive and -negative lymphocytes. Horse Ig levels in patients' sera were measured by haemagglutination inhibition, and the sera were also examined for anti-lymphocytic antibodies. Although lymphocyte-binding horse Ig was detectable in teh patients' sera, lymphocytotoxic antibody could not be demonstrated. It can be concluded that lymphocytotoxic antibody was rapidly removed from the serum of patients receiving ALG, by binding to circulating lymphocytes. PMID- 6974130 TI - Murine T cells that lyse antibody-sensitized target cells. III. Contribution of Thy 1-Bearing cells to the lytic activity of normal spleen. AB - Murine spleen cells were analysed for their capacity to lyse 51Cr-labelled antibody-sensitized erythrocytes and a human lymphoma cell line. Incubation of spleen cells with iron powder followed by removal of iron-containing cells with a magnet significantly decreased the lytic capacity of the remaining cells against erythrocyte target cells. However, substantial cytotoxicity remained in the relatively phagocyte-depleted population. Both antibody-sensitized erythrocytes and tumour cells were lysed by phagocyte-depleted effector cells. However, more spleen cells were required to lyse nucleated target cells than were required to produce comparable lysis of the erythrocytes. Such phagocyte-depleted spleen cells were subsequently treated with three different antisera containing specificities for thymus-dependent antigens and a monoclonal IgM anti-Thy 1.2 in the presence of complement. The remaining viable cells were recovered and tested as effector cells. All four reagents in the presence of complement caused an inhibition of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) that was proportional to the percentage of T cells eliminated. However, the antisera also inhibited ADCC in the absence of complement, even when the cells were trypsinized following the antiserum treatment to remove attached antibodies. On the other hand, treatment of spleen cells with the monoclonal IgM anti-Thy 1.2 followed by trypsin treatment did not inhibit ADCC unless complement was added. Thus, with the latter reagent, decreased ADCC could be ascribed to elimination of T cells and not immune complex inhibition. Cells bearing Thy 1.2 accounted for approximately half of the lytic activity of phagocyte-depleted spleen cells against antibody-sensitized target cells. PMID- 6974132 TI - The generation of memory cells. V. Preferential priming of IgG1 B memory cells by immunization with antigen IgG2 antibody complexes. AB - We have studied the effects of priming mice with complexes of dinitrophenylated (DNP)-haemocyanin (KLH) and anti-DNP antibody on the generation of DNP-specific B memory cells producing IgG1 or IgG2 antibodies. Immunization with DNP-KLH alone (with or without adjuvant) induced roughly equal proportions of IgG1 and IgG2 memory cells, at all times after priming. In sharp contrast, immunization with DNP-KLH polyclonal anti-DNP antibody complexes induced 80%--90% IgG1 memory cells, especially early after priming. Further studies using conventional and hybridoma anti-DNP antibodies showed that this effect was induced by complexes containing IgG2 antibodies, and not by those made with IgG1 antibodies. The latter induced roughly equal proportions of IgG1 and IgG2 memory cells. Priming for preferential IgG1 memory was not induced by complexes made with (Fab')2 fragments of IgG2a antibody, nor was it seen in T cell-deprived mice immunized with antigen IgG2a complexes. The mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are unknown, but presumably reflect the well established capacity of immune complexes to concentrate in lymphoid follicles, which seem to be sites of B memory-cell generation. PMID- 6974133 TI - Role of T cells in the development of memory B cells. Quantitative and qualitative analysis. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to address the current controversy regarding the T-cell requirement for the generation of B-memory cells. We have circumvented the possible objection to previous experiments regarding residual T cells in T-deprived animals by examining memory cell generation in relation to the numbers of T cells participating in the immune response. Thymectomized and lethally-irradiated rats were reconstituted with foetal liver or a more mature stem cell source, neonatal liver. These animals were given graded doses of purified T cells one day before immunization with alum-precipitated DNP-BGG + Bordetella pertussis. Four weeks after priming, cell suspensions from experimental groups were adoptively transferred to carrier primed recipients and challenged with DNP-BGG in saline to assess memory cell development. The data demonstrate that in the absence of T cells only minimal memory development occurred. However, when T cells were present, the level of memory cell development increased with increasing numbers of T cells. By examining the relative affinity of the antibody produced in the primary and secondary responses, the increase in memory cell development in relation to increased numbers of T cells was shown to be due to the selective generation of high affinity memory B cells. PMID- 6974134 TI - Target lymphoid cells for the cytotoxic factor produced in the spleen of dengue virus-infected mice. AB - In previous studies we have observed the production of a cytotoxic factor by the T-lymphocytes in the spleen of dengue type-2 virus- (DV) infected mice which killed normal mouse spleen cells in vitro. In the present study types of spleen cells affected in vitro by the cytotoxic factor (CF) have been investigated. It was observed that it kills of the macrophages, one-third of T-lymphocytes and a few of the granulocytes, normoblasts and megakaryocytes. It had no effect on B lymphocytes. The proportion of killed cells could not be significantly enhanced by retreatment of cells by additional CF. The cytotoxic activity of CF is not affected by adsorption with susceptible or non-susceptible cells. CF also kills lymphoid cells of animals of other species, viz. albino rats, rabbits, guinea pigs but had no effect on those of rooster. It had no effect on various cell cultures. PMID- 6974136 TI - Genetic control of T-lymphocyte mitogenesis in chickens. AB - The in vitro mitogenic response to PHA and Con A was determined in three inbred lines of chickens. Lymphocytes from one line consistently showed a greater stimulation by PHA than the other two lines. Analysis of F1 crosses and backcrosses indicated that this quantitative difference was controlled by more than one gene. More substantial differences in Con-A stimulation were also observed between the three lines, and the data indicated that separate genetic systems were controlling the variation in PHA and Con-A stimulation. Analysis of F1 crosses, backcrosses and assortative matings between backcrosses revealed that the variation in Con-A stimulation was controlled by at least two major genes, one of which may be linked to the major histocompatibility complex. Surprisingly, one line appeared to be segregating for Con-A stimulation in spite of an inbreeding coefficient greater than 0.98. PMID- 6974135 TI - Colony formation by T-lymphocytes infiltrating human tumours. AB - Cell suspensions from 10 breast cancers and 4 melanomas were cultured in soft Agar with phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte-conditioned medium (PHA-LCM). Between 3 and 10 days, some of the plated cells formed colonies of greater than 20 cells indentifiable as T-lymphocytes by morphology, cytochemical staining and capacity to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. The frequency of colony forming T-lymphocytes was 0-32 per 2 X 10(5) viable cells plated, and correlated with the degree of lymphocytic infiltration within the tumour. This cloning procedure appeared to select for a subpopulation of T-cells which is well represented within primary tumours. It should prove useful for investigating lymphocyte tumour relationships in vivo. PMID- 6974137 TI - H-2U: a new region at the D end of the murine MHC. AB - A new genetic region, mapping within the H-2 complex, has been serologically defined with several alloantisera raised in mice which differ at the D region. When these antisera were absorbed to remove H-2D antibodies, residual antibody activity remained that reacted in a strain-specific manner, and the antigens involved mapped to a new genetic region between the S and D regions. Two allelic variants relating to the d and k haplotypes have been defined by genetic mapping studies. This new region has been designated H-2U and the antigens it controls appear to resemble Ia antigens in their cellular distribution and molecular weight. The new antigen is primarily expressed on B cells, and is carried on protein molecules having approximate molecular weights of 36 000 and 60 000 daltons and resembling the alpha and alpha--beta chain dimer characteristic of Ia antigens. PMID- 6974138 TI - H-Y antigen in Sxr mice detected by H-2-restricted cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6974140 TI - Intentions to use drugs among adolescents: a longitudinal analysis. AB - Data on the actual and intended use of psychoactive substances were used to predict substance use 1 year later for 1,177 adolescents. A confirmatory methodology tested whether the information contained in intentions to use drugs provided a sufficient increment over behavioral data in predicting future drug use. While the increment was statistically significant, the strength of the additional information was minimal. The results are interpreted as showing that little variance in adolescent substance use can be attributed to long-term cognitively purposeful behavior unique from previous drug-taking experience. PMID- 6974141 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 6974139 TI - Target cell heterogeneity in murine leukemia virus infection. II. Demonstration of Friend leukemia-virus-permissive and non-permissive subsets of splenic T cells. AB - The permissiveness of normal splenic lymphocytes to Friend murine leukemia virus was determined by enumeration of cells producing infectious MuLV following infection with Friend virus in vitro. The infection was enhanced greatly in the presence of mitogens in the culture medium. The number of infected cells in cultures stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide increased progressively between days 1 and 7 whereas in cultures with concavalin A, the number of infected cells reached a maximum on days 3-4 post infection and then declined to the level observed in unstimulated cultures. The con-A-enhanced infection was absent in cultures of splenocytes from nude mice but was present in cultures from nude mice implanted with thymus glands 6 weeks or more before use as donors of spleen cells. The cells permissive to MuLV upon con-A stimulation segregated in the nylon-wool-adherent fraction (together with B cells involved in the LPS dependent infection) whereas the nylon-non-adherent fraction, containing approximately 90% T cells, was refractory to in vitro infection. The con-A dependent infectious centers were inhibited by cytotoxic treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody plus complement. These results indicate the existence of two subpopulations of splenic T cells, a major nylon-non-adherent and a minor, nylon adherent subpopulation, which are, respectively, non-permissive and permissive to MuLV-Friend. PMID- 6974142 TI - Autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 6974143 TI - Misonidazole enhancement of radiation-induced growth delay in rat rhabdomyosarcoma tumours exposed to accelerated carbon and neon ions. AB - The response of a rat rhabdomyosarcoma tumour was assessed by measurements of radiation-induced growth delay resulting from administration of the hypoxic cell sensitizer misonidazole in combination with single and fractionated doses of X rays and charged-particle radiation. Enhancement ratios of 1.8--2.1 were obtained following single doses of misonidazole (500 mg/kg i.p.) and 225 kV X-rays. Single doses of misonidazole with either carbon-ion or neon-ion radiation in the 4 cm extended-peak ionization region led to enhancement ratios of 1.2--1.3. When combined misonidazole (300 mg/kg i.p.) and X-ray treatments were given in four daily fractions, the enhancement ratios decreased to 1.2--1.5. However, a four fraction schedule using either carbon-ion or neon-ion radiation in combination with misonidazole gave enhancement ratios of 1.1--1.3, which are similar to the values obtained for single-dose schedules with the sensitizer and charged particle radiation. PMID- 6974145 TI - Synergism between EMS and X-rays for the induction of somatic mutations in Tradescantia. PMID- 6974148 TI - DNA polymerase alpha and beta activity in gamma-irradiated HeLa S3 cells. AB - The acute effects (less than 2 hours) of gamma-irradiation on DNA polymerase alpha and beta activity in HeLa S3 cells were studied. The enzyme activities were measured in sonicates of the irradiated cells, using an exogenous DNA as template. Both DNA alpha- and beta-polymerase activities decreased following irradiation of the cells. Doses as low as 100 rad significantly reduced the activities of the enzymes. While the activities of both DNA polymerases decreased as the dose received by the cells increased, the major reduction in enzyme activity occurred with doses of 100--200 rad. The reduction in DNA alpha- and beta-polymerase activities was maximal by 30 min post-irradiation and recovered to control values by 2 hours post-irradiation. PMID- 6974147 TI - Surface alterations of mammalian cells upon ionizing radiation as detected by lectin-binding technique. II. Binding of concanavalin A by human blood cells X irradiated in vitro. AB - Early, dose-dependent and transient alterations were observed in the plasma membranes of human blood cells after X-irradiation in vitro as detected by a concanavalin A-binding technique. Platelets, lymphocytes and erythrocytes, separated in a one-step procedure from a single blood sample, showed different radiosensitivities within the dose range of 0.1--5 Gy. The complex evaluation of the surface alterations of blood cells might indicate the range of the absorbed dose. PMID- 6974146 TI - Surface alterations of mammalian cells upon ionizing radiation as detected by a lectin-binding technique. I. Binding of concanavalin A by blood cells of X irradiated mice. AB - X-irradiation in the dose range 0.25--5 Gy induces very early dose-dependent and temporary functional alterations in the plasma membranes of murine blood cells detected by a lectin (concanavalin A)-binding technique. The irradiated erythrocytes bind 3H-concanavalin A during the first 3 hours after 0.45--4.5 Gy X irradiation to a greater extent than the controls. The lymphocytes also react with an increased binding between 0.45 and 0.9 Gy, but a remarkable decrease is observed with 2.26 and 4.5 Gy. The platelets proved to be the most sensitive. The levels of bound radioactivity for the total platelet population and for the separated subpopulation of 'young' cells were respectively increased by a factor of four and more, after 1 Gy irradiation. The functional stimulation of plasma membranes of 'young' platelets occurred below 2 Gy, while the amount of lectin bound to 'aged' cells only increased at doses above 2 Gy. PMID- 6974144 TI - Radiosensitization of hypoxic mammalian cells in vitro by some 5-substituted-4 nitroimidazoles. AB - The efficiencies of various 5-substituted-4-nitroimidazoles as radiation sensitizers have been determined in hypoxic Chinese hamster cells irradiated in vitro. Compared with published data on the sensitizing properties of substituted 2-nitro- and 5-nitroimidazoles, some of the 4-nitro derivatives show unusually high sensitizing efficiencies defined as the concentrations required to give an enhancement ratio of 1.6. The equilibrium one-electron reduction potentials of the compounds (E17) were measured by a pulse radiolysis technique and the results show that although sensitizing efficiencies are unexpectedly high, based on considerations of electron affinity, they still increase with increasing values of E17. Enhancement ratios were determined in two V79 cell lines for combinations of one of these compounds (a 4-nitroimidazole containing the group SO2.O.phenyl in the 5-position, NSC 38087) with various concentrations of misonidazole. The sensitization observed suggests that the two compounds may be operating by different mechanisms. PMID- 6974149 TI - The cell kinetic mechanism for radiation-induced cellular depletion of epithelial tissue based on hierarchical differences in radiosensitivity. PMID- 6974150 TI - Effect of MPG and AET on erythrocytes in peripheral blood after gamma irradiation. PMID- 6974151 TI - The absence of late effects of radiation on the cellularity of the mouse thymus. PMID- 6974152 TI - The socialization experience in nursing; an interactive explanation. PMID- 6974153 TI - Surgical treatment of colonic diverticulitis: a report of 205 cases. AB - In a series of 205 patients treated for colonic diverticulitis, 101 presented acute complications, 35 chronic complications and 69 attacks of diverticulitis without complications. The treatment prescribed for the acute septic complications (generalized peritonitis, perisigmoidic abscess) as well as for acute occlusions consists of two-stage surgery: drainage and emergency colostomy, then secondary colectomy in elective conditions. Massive incoercible hemorrhages were treated by emergency hemostatic resection, guided by selective mesenteric arteriography. Chronic complications (inflammatory stenosing tumor, external or internal fistulas) are ideally treated by a one-stage colic resection. As postoperative mortality and morbidity rates are high and caused by acute conditions, it is justifiable to perform a prophylactic colic resection. PMID- 6974154 TI - Localized depigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium and macrophage invasion of the retina in the bullfrog. AB - An unusual condition of the inferior retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina has been observed in essentially all the large bullfrogs examined (Rana catesbeiana, 13 to 20 cm body length, supplied from the U.S. West Coast and Midwest). By ophthalmoscopy the inferior fundus exhibited numerous white spots and lines, which were found by light microscopy to be overlain by smaller black dots and lines. Closer examination revealed that the light areas were regions of depigmented RPE and that the black dots and lines were melanosome-laden macrophages within the adjacent retina. Further examination by light microscopy and electron microscopy allowed the formulation of the following sequence. (1) Monocytes in the choroidal capillaries crossed Bruch's membrane and passed vitreally between adjacent RPE cells. (2) In the subretinal space monocytes transformed into phagocytic macrophages, which became engorged with melanin granules and other RPE inclusions, whereas nearby RPE cells became much thinner and very depigmented. (3) The pigment-laden macrophages then moved vitreally into the avascular neural retina. Although in most areas only the RPE appeared affected by macrophage invasion, occasional localized photoreceptor disruption occurred. The severity of the lesion varied with frog size, being pronounced in large frogs, moderate in medium-sized animals, and absent in small frogs. Because the pigmentary changes were localized to the inferior part of the eye (which receives the most light from the sun overhead) of large bullfrogs (which are likely old), this phenomenon may be due to a change in RPE melanin granules resulting from the cumulative effect of light exposure. PMID- 6974155 TI - Light cycle--dependent axial variations in frog rod outer segment structure. AB - Polarized light microscopy reveals that the structural parameters of Rana pipiens rod outer segments (ROS) are not uniform along the cell axis. In addition to a pronounced birefringence (delta n) gradient found in the basal half of most ROS, periodic delta n bands are seen in approximately 10% of intact ROS isolated by agitating retinas in frog Ringer's solution. These small delta n differences appear as very faint light and dark striations that have a period and width that depends on the duration of light and dark exposure. In ROS from frogs kept on a 14 hr light/10 hr dark cycle at 20 degrees to 22.5 degrees C, the band period for a light-dark band pair is 1.0 to 1.6 micron. Portions of ROS produced during total darkness or constant light are free of distinct periodic bands. Quantitative delta n measurements show that the ROS sections generated in the dark have a relatively higher delta n than those produced in light. Band contrast is irreversibly enhanced when ROS are treated with the calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of calcium-free saline solution. These results indicate that the synthesis of some calcium-sensitive ROS component is different when the frog is in the dark than when exposed to light. PMID- 6974157 TI - Dental extractions during anticoagulant therapy. AB - 1. 15 patients, whose therapy with the anticoagulant Coumarin was not discontinued, were observed for bleeding following dental extractions. 2. There was no significant bleeding in these patients as compared to 15 others whose Coumarin therapy was temporarily interrupted. 3. Patients with prosthetic heart valves should preferably be hospitalized for dental extractions. but Coumarin/anticoagulant therapy need not be discontinued. The procedures can safely be done within a therapeutic range of 20-30% P.T. PMID- 6974158 TI - Expansion of human lymphocyte populations expressing specific immune reactivities. III. Specific colonies, either cytotoxic or proliferative, obtained from a population of responder cells primed in vitro. Preliminary immunogenetic analysis. AB - Human alloreactive cell lines were maintained in culture over prolonged periods of time using conditioned medium. Primed lymphocyte typing reactivity was observed in these T cell lines for only 1 mo, but these T cell lines have remained for more than 7 mo highly and specifically cytotoxic. Using as growth promoter an irradiated autologous feeder consisting of irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes and the lectin leucoagglutinin, we have derived by limiting dilution cloning of in vitro primed allogeneic combinations, primary colonies (or primary clones) with monofunctional immune reactivities: either cytotoxic (the rarest observed) or PLT reactive (the majority of the colonies). Furthermore, each monofunctional primary colony when tested for PLT or CML reactivity on a panel of unrelated PBL, always showed a restricted specificity when compared to the original primed population. The PLT reactivity of each of the primary clones was short lasting in contrast to their growth potential. The CML reactivity of the primary clones, as for the T cell lines, was long lasting as was their growth potential. PMID- 6974159 TI - Cell mediated cytotoxicity against HLA-D region products expressed in monocytes and B lymphocytes. III. Inhibition by monoclonal antibodies and study of an HLA B/DR recombinant. AB - Attempts to further define the antigens recognized by HLA-D-region specific cytotoxic lymphocytes were undertaken using monocytes and transformed B cell lines as target cells. Monoclonal antibody against framework determinants of HLA DR antigens partially blocked cell mediated lysis, suggesting that at least a portion of the D-region specific cytotoxic cells recognized the HLA-DR determinants. The study of a family with an HLA-B/DR recombinant showed that the determinants recognized by allogeneic anti-HLA-D-region cytotoxic lymphocytes are encoded outside of HLA-B. In addition, cytotoxic lymphocytes specific for the HLA D region could be generated with cells identical throughout the interval from HLA A to B and disparate only to the left of HLA-B. PMID- 6974156 TI - Action of orthophosphate on rabbit red blood cell hexokinase. AB - 1. Orthophosphate (Pi) at low concentrations, is able to activate the glucose 6 phosphate, glucose-1,6-diphosphate or 2,3-diphosphoglycerate-inhibited hexokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.1). In contrast, at high concentrations it is competitive inhibitor of MgATP2- with a Ki of 20 mM. 2. The Pi effect on inhibited hexokinase is pH dependent and becomes lower as the pH increase. The similar pH-dependence of the Ki of glucose-1,6-diphosphate with the pH-independence of the Ki of glucose 6 phosphate here reported, suggest the coincidence of the C-1 phosphate, of glucose 1,6-diphosphate and Pi binding sites. 3. Activation of uninhibited hexokinase by Pi at pH lower than the physiological ones has been demonstrated to be an artefact. PMID- 6974160 TI - Human cell lines express multiple populations of Ia-like molecules. AB - Three monoclonal antibodies have been used to isolate Ia-like antigens from three human cell lines; two of which are thought to be homozygous at the HLA-D/DR locus. Complete extraction of the Ia antigens identified by one antibody leaves those recognized by the two remaining antibodies in three parallel sets of experiments, indicating that the antigenic determinants recognized by these antibodies are present on three different populations of Ia molecules from cells of single individuals. These three populations of Ia-like molecules may reflect serologic variants of the product of a single genetic locus or may represent the products of as many as three nonallelic genetic regions. Demonstration of the existence of these multiple populations of Ia-like molecules on presumed homozygous typing cells indicates that this antigenic system is much more complex than has been generally realized. Further study may clarify the relationship between HLA-D/DR type and susceptibility to a variety of diseases and ultimately lead to better matches and improved survival for allogenic transplants. Since the HLA-D region is intimately involved in regulation of the immune response and susceptibility to a variety of diseases, use of monoclonal antibodies specific for discrete Ia antigens, the only identified products of the HLA-D region, may facilitate dissection of its many biological functions. PMID- 6974161 TI - Human T lymphocytes subpopulation as defined by alloantigens and FC receptors a comparative analysis. AB - Human peripheral T cells were fractionated in accordance to their surface receptors for G or M immunoglobulins and analyzed for their reactivity with alloantisera obtained by planned immunization involving HLA-A and HLA-B compatible individuals. These alloantisera were previously shown to recognized polymorphic structure exclusively expressed on T cells. Although the majority of the alloantisera analyzed reacted with different proportions of both T(M) and T(G) populations, some antisera specifically recognized surface structure restricted to either T(M) or T(G) lymphocytes. The various alloantisera consistently reacted with a fraction only of T(G) and T(M) cells, this indicating that these T cell subsets can be further fractionated in accordance to the expression of the alloantigenic determinants recognized by these antisera. PMID- 6974163 TI - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of 9,3"-Di-o-acetyl midecamycin (Mom), a new macrolide antibiotic. AB - 9,3"-Di-O-acetyl midecamycin (Mom) showed in vitro antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and was effective against some of the strans resistant to erythromycin (Em) and josamycin (Jm). The distribution pattern of the level of drug-sensitivity of the isolates to Mom was similar to that of Jm but different from that of Em. Mom- or Jm-resistant strains gradually or rapidly developed among S. aureus strains, that were sensitive or resistant to other macrolide antibiotics. There was no significant difference between Mom and Jm as regards the rate of development of resistant strains. These mutants were always resistant to both Mom and Jm. Mom, like Jm, was effective against Em inducible strains of S. aureus. The in vivo study demonstrated that Mom was more potent than Jm, similar in its potency to Em against systemic staphylococcal infections, and that it was effective against the infection due to an Em resistant clinical isolate of S. aureus. Mom was more effective than either Jm or Em against a staphylococcal kidney infection in mice. PMID- 6974162 TI - A practical system for clinical radiofrequency hyperthermia. PMID- 6974164 TI - Microbiological ring expansion of penicillin N. AB - A mutant of Cephalosporium acremonium producing high amounts of penicillin N was isolated. This antibiotic was purified and characterized. It was possible to convert this penicillin N to deacetoxycephalosporin C enzymatically. The reaction could be carried out with enzyme systems prepared from C. acremonium mutants producing either no beta-lactam antibiotics or excreting only penicillin N. It was surprising that a high level of transformation capacity was just found in a cephem negative mutant which overproduces penicillin N. For that reason the inability of the latter mutant to produce cephem compounds cannot be explained by a functional block of the ring expanding enzyme complex. The enzyme preparations used to carry out this reaction were made by ether-treatment or sonication of C. acraemonium cells, or by submitting them to osmotic shock. The ring expanding enzyme system is strongly dependent on ATP and behaves as a 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase. PMID- 6974165 TI - Augmentin (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid) therapy in complicated infections due to beta-lactamase producing bacteria. PMID- 6974166 TI - The comparative activity of cefsulodin against anaerobic bacteria of clinical interest: synergy with cefoxitin. PMID- 6974167 TI - The semi-synthetic thienamycin derivative MK0787 and its properties with respect to a range of beta-lactamases from clinically relevant bacterial species. PMID- 6974168 TI - Treatment of Pneumocystis carini pneumonia. PMID- 6974169 TI - Emergency endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 6974170 TI - Procedures and conditions for application of the pyridine hemochrome method to photosynthetically grown cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The conditions and pretreatments required in the conventional pyridine hemochrome method were re-examined for application of the method to the measurement of protoheme and heme c contents in photosynthetically grown cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The amounts of hemes were calculated from two kinds of difference absorbances between two wavelengths of the redox difference spectrum of the pyridine hemochromes prepared from the disrupted cells. Extraction of photosynthetic pigments from the cells with organic solvents and separation of hemes in hemoproteins into the protoheme and the heme c fractions by the differential extraction of hemes with an acidified organic solvent were omitted. PMID- 6974171 TI - Heterogeneity of lymphoblastic malignancies in children. AB - Lymphocyte surface markers show that lymphoblastic lymphomata in children are a heterogeneous but related group of diseases. Lymphoblastic lymphomas of T cell type fall into at least three subgroups: (1) HTLA positive, E rosette negative, TdT positive phenotype, with characteristically high levels of TdT and some associated expression of C-ALL antigen on a small proportion of cells. (2) E rosette positive lymphoblasts with intermediate range of TdT positivity, and which express antigens specific for thymic cortical lymphocytes. (3) E rosette positive and C3d positive T lymphoblasts with low levels of TdT enzyme. B lymphoblastic lymphomas show a major subgroup characterised by surface IgM expression, with or without detectable cytoplasmic IgM, and which may express ALL antigen. A minor subgroup of B lymphoblastic disease, of predominantly nodal presentation, expresses surface IgM with some expression of C3d receptors. Therefore at least 3 T cell, and 2 B cell subgroups of lymphoblastic lymphoma can be described. PMID- 6974172 TI - Enzyme polymorphism in the classification of human malignant lymphoma. AB - Recent studies on the polymorphism of lysosomal hydrolases have shown that all individual blood cell types in the human being possess their own isoenzyme pattern. In the present study acid phosphatase activity of normal human B lymphocytes and of four different types of low-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas according to the Kiel classification was estimated. In addition, the isoenzyme pattern of AcP was investigated by isoelectric focusing. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell type (N = 9) and centroblastic centrocytic follicular lymphoma (N = 10) demonstrated significantly lower values than lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas (N = 28) and plasmacytomas (N = 8). The isoenzyme pattern of normal human B-lymphocytes comprised 12 bands between pH 6.3 and 3.85. This basical pattern was shared by all four lymphoma entities. Only lymphoplasmatic lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma and plasmacytoma revealed additional bands, which probably account for the higher net enzyme activity in these cases. PMID- 6974173 TI - Specificity and polymorphism of diaminopeptidase IV in normal and neoplastic T mu lymphocytes. PMID- 6974174 TI - Molecular weight analysis of Fc gamma-binding proteins of lymphoid leukemia, myeloid leukemia, and hairy-cell leukemia. AB - The molecular weights of EDTA-mercaptoethanol-soluble Fc gamma-affined proteins isolated from chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the B type, prolymphocytic leukemia of the B type, chronic myeloid leukemia and hairy-cell leukemia were compared. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the Fc gamma-binding material obtained from all six cases of B type leukemia revealed a single peak with an apparent molecular weight of 28,000. The Fc gamma-affined material isolated from the cells of two cases of chronic myeloid leukemia showed two peaks, one with an apparent molecular weight of 42,600 and one with an apparent molecular weight of 18,800. The Fc gamma-affined material isolated from the cells of two cases of hairy-cell leukemia electrophoresed in the form of a closely spaced double peak. One component of the double peak had an apparent molecular weight of 28,000 and thus corresponds to the Fc gamma-binding material of leukemic B cells. The second component had a slightly lower molecular weight. The latter component is not present on either leukemic B cells or myeloid cells. The results indicate that the EDTA-mercaptoethanol-soluble Fc gamma-affined proteins of different types of cells differ in molecular weight, and thus in molecular structure. PMID- 6974176 TI - Marker profiles of human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. AB - By means of the multiple marker analysis, a total of 55 human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines which included 15 T-cell, 30 B-cell, four myelomonocytic-cell, and six non-T, non-B cell lines was characterized for their marker profiles. The multiple markers used included a number of cell surface markers as detected by either rosette or immunofluorescence tests, enzyme assays, cytogenetic analysis, and certain functional assay. Based on the criteria previously defined it was found that all the cell lines were proved to represent original leukemia-lymphoma of ALL, AML, CLL, CML in blastic phase or variety of lymphomas. The monoclonality, a "frozen" state at a specific state of differentiation-maturation, and cytogenetic marker in each leukemia-lymphoma cell line were remarkable common properties and were stable for years of cultivation. Similar, if not identical, general characteristics were observed in the study on 344 cases of uncultured fresh leukemia-lymphomas by the multiple marker analysis. While no single marker specific to any type of tumor was found, the study offers not only a basis for better understanding of the biology of leukemia-lymphoma but also an insight into normal hematopoietic cell differentiation in man. PMID- 6974175 TI - Cytogenetic findings in T-zone lymphoma. AB - Five cases of T-zone lymphoma were investigated with histologic, immunologic, and cytogenetic methods. The chromosome analyses were performed on lymphoma cells prepared immediately after removal of the lymph nodes. The chromosomes involved in structural rearrangements were nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 14, and Y. Numbers 3, 5, 6, and 13 were lost by some tumors, and nos. 3 and 9 were gained. Chromosome 3 was involved most often in structural and numerical aberrations, whereas 14q + markers occurred in only one case. The importance of multidisciplinary studies is pointed out. PMID- 6974177 TI - Abnormalities of T cell maturation and regulation in human beings with immunodeficiency disorders. AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies to T cell surface antigens were used to characterize peripheral lymphoid populations from patients with a variety of immunodeficiency diseases. Several disorders of T cell differentiation were observed to occur in severe combined immunodeficiency. One subtype of severe combined immunodeficiency was associated with failure to develop lymphocytes that express any thymus specific antigens, another with failure to differentiate beyond the early prothymocyte-thymocyte (T9+, T10+) stage, while a third subtype was associated with failure to differentiate beyond a late thymocyte (T3+, T4+, T5+/T8+, T10+) stage. In contrast, patients with thymic aplasia (DiGeorge syndrome) had a diminished but detectable population of mature T cells. Imbalances in immunoregulatory T cells with a relative excess of suppressor cells were found in 9 of 17 patients with spontaneously occurring acquired agammaglobulinemia. In one of the latter individuals, there was an activated suppressor T cell population expressing Ia antigens (T+/T8+, Ia+). Another had no inducer T4+ cells. Patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia frequently had an abnormal ratio of inducer to suppressor cells as well as an absence of circulating surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells. No such abnormalities were noted in normals or individuals with selective immunoglobulin (Ig)A deficiency. Taken together, these findings support the notion that several immunodeficiency states may occur as a consequence of defective T cell maturation or imbalances in immunoregulatory T lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6974183 TI - Oral symptoms in histiocytosis X. AB - Histiocytosis X, a term comprising three well-known disease complexes, may have dental mobility as a prodromal or major symptom. In each of three patients described, an oral finding predated the other symptoms. The earliest symptom in one patient was loosened teeth; in another, periodontosis-like symptoms were documented ten years before the patient's report of pelvic pain which led to a diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma; in the third patient, premature eruption of the primary teeth the gingival bleeding was the prodromal symptom. The clinician should understand the significance of each finding and investigate them until a confirmatory diagnosis is made. PMID- 6974182 TI - Dental management of a patient with histiocytosis X. PMID- 6974179 TI - A simple micro-ELISA method for the assay of antithyroglobulin autoantibodies in human serum. AB - An indirect, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the assay of thyroid autoantibodies, particularly those directed against thyroglobulin. The method is specific, sensitive and precise, and may be automated. The results are shown to correlate well with those obtained by the haemagglutination method. PMID- 6974181 TI - Oral bleeding due to traumatic occlusion in an infant with severe hemophilia. PMID- 6974180 TI - Neurotropic influence of mesenchymal limb target tissue on spinal cord neurite growth in vitro. AB - Peripheral nerve fiber outgrowth from developing spinal cord is proposed to be under the influence of the limb bud target which, at the time of nerve fiber invasion, is in an essentially premuscular, mesenchymal condition. Thus, the true target for elongating spinal nerve fibers in early development is mesenchyme rather than differentiated skeletal muscle. Spinal cord explants derived from stage V larval Rana pipiens were cultured in a defined medium in the presence or absence of mesenchymal limb tissue or limb-conditioned medium (LCM). Analysis of quantified neuritic outgrowth under these conditions demonstrated a dependency on the target tissue for enhanced nerve fiber density and oriented growth. The characteristics of neuritic growth in the presence of limb mesenchyme or LCM changed from the relatively sparse and straight outgrowth of control cords to dense, wavy arborizations. Areas of the cord explants nearest the limb tissue exhibited the greatest increases in nerve fiber density and morphologic complexity. Additionally, an inverse relationship existed between growth enhancement and the cord-to-target distance. Regulation of directed nerve growth in vitro is suggested to result from a diffusible, target-originated growth factor that binds to the attachment substratum as a concentration gradient guidance pathway with implications for mechanisms of in vivo nerve growth. PMID- 6974184 TI - Hemophilus influenzae cellulitis of the hand. AB - Hemophilus influenzae type b cellulitis of the hand is a rare infection presenting mainly in the 2-month to 3-year age group. Three proven cases and one clinical case are reported, and the bacteriology and management are discussed. Most of these infections respond to ampicillin and/or chloramphenicol. One must include H. influenzae type b in the differential diagnosis of cellulitis of the hand in this age group and specify this possibility on all cultures so that appropriate identification of the organism can be made. PMID- 6974178 TI - Suppressive effects of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on bone resorption induced by acute bilateral nephrectomy in rats. AB - The possible suppressive effects of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption were investigated in adult rats raised on a diet normal in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, and subjected to acute bilateral nephrectomy. The animals had received subcutaneous radiocalcium 4 wk before the experiment. 5 h after nephrectomy an increase in serum total calcium, (45)Ca-specific activity, citrate, phosphorus, and magnesium concentrations were observed. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone increased, while serum calcitonin decreased. The osteoclast count in the tibial metaphyses was augmented. The biochemical and histological changes observed were partly parathyroid hormone and calcitonin independent, as they also occurred in parathyroidectomized hypocalcemic rats. Pretreatment with 650 pmol of 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol 16 h before nephrectomy prevented bone calcium mobilization and diminished the rise in serum total calcium and citrate both in parathyroid-intact and in parathyroidectomized animals. In parathyroid-intact rats, serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcitonin remained normal in spite of the fall in serum-ionized calcium, and the number of osteoclasts did not increase. In parathyroidectomized rats, 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol did not prevent the postnephrectomy rise in the osteoclast count. This latter observation suggests that this metabolite exerts its effect on bone either by acting on cells other than osteoclasts, i.e., the osteocytes, or by inhibiting cell activity. At equimolar dosage 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol had a potent stimulatory effect on bone resorption. This effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol was partly blocked by the simultaneous administration of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. The potential clinical significance of these observations remains to be determined. PMID- 6974186 TI - The growth and antigenicity of the metacestodes of Taenia crassiceps in several different strains of rats. AB - The metacestodes of Taenia crassiceps removed from a stock infection of Sprague Dawley rats were injected into seven inbred and one outbred strain of rats. The results showed that over-all female rats are more susceptible to the infection than male rats. Only one strain of rat, the Lewis male rats, was found to be resistant to the infection. There was no significant differences in the volume of metacestodes recovered from the male and female rats. The sizes of the metacestodes, after two passages through the rats, were compared to those of the original mouse strain and it was found that metacestodes from two strains of rats were significantly smaller. The antigenic expression of the metacestodes from the different strains of rats was compared and some variation in the antigenicity was observed. PMID- 6974185 TI - Chronic gastrointestinal bleeding from Meckel's diverticulum: radiological considerations. PMID- 6974187 TI - Diseases caused by reactions of T lymphocytes to incompatible structures of the major histocompatibility complex. III. Autoantibodies to thymocytes. PMID- 6974188 TI - Surface immunoglobulins are involved in the interaction of protein A with human B cells and in the triggering of B cell proliferation induced by protein A containing Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The nature of surface components responsible for the reactivity of a subset of human B cells with staphylococcal protein A (SpA) was studied. The ability of normal non-T cells or non-T cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to form rosettes with human red blood cells coated with SpA (SpA-HRBC) was strongly inhibited or abolished by incubation with F(ab')2 fragments of antibodies against human immunoglobulin (Ig), whereas the incubation with F(ab')2 fragments of antibodies against a non-Ig cell surface antigen, such as beta 2 microglobulin, had no effect on the SpA-rosetting of human lymphocytes. The role of the reaction between surface Ig (sIg) and SpA in the triggering of the proliferative response induced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strain Cowan I (Cowan Staph) on normal or leukemic non-T cells was also investigated. A parallelism was observed between the mitogenic activity on normal human non-T cells of Cowan Staph and F(ab')2 fragments of immunosorbent-purified rabbit antibodies to human mu-chain. On the other hand, monovalent Fab fragments of anti F(ab')2 or anti-mu chain antibodies were unable to activate human non-T lymphocytes, but usually induced a partial inhibition of the Cowan Staph-induced cell proliferation. Non-T cells from 2 patients with CLL did not respond to either Fab or F(ab')2 fragments of anti-Ig antibodies, but were stimulated to proliferate by Cowan Staph. However, the proliferative response of non-T cells from these patients to Cowan Staph was markedly inhibited or abolished by the addition to the cultures of F(ab')2 fragments of anti-Ig antibodies. Antibody preparations to human F(ab')2 or gamma-chain inhibited the response of IgG bearing leukemic cells, whereas the Cowan Staph-induced proliferation of IgM bearing leukemic lymphocytes was inhibited by the addition to the cultures of either anti-F(ab')2 or anti-mu chain antibodies. The proliferative response to Cowan Staph or normal non-T cells was also inhibited by the addition to the cultures of human and guinea pig polyclonal IgG, whereas IgG from other species, such as goat, ox, horse, and rabbit, were poorly or not at all inhibitory. On a molar basis, the F(ab')2 preparation from human IgG was as potent an inhibitor as intact IgG molecules, whereas Fc gamma was much less effective in inhibiting the Cowan Staph-induced cell proliferation. A monoclonal IgM, isolated from the serum of a patient with CLL, whose lymphocytes were able to form rosettes with SpA-HRBC and to proliferate in vitro after stimulation with Cowan Staph, also showed a marked inhibitory activity on the Cowan Staph-induced proliferation or normal non T cells. These data suggest that an interaction between SpA present on the bacterial cell wall and a structure located in the Fab region of sIg, which is shared by sIgM, sIgG, and perhaps also by sIg of other classes, plays an important role in the triggering of B cell proliferation induced by SpA containing staphylococci. PMID- 6974191 TI - Lymphocyte surface receptors and albumin. AB - Albumin was shown to be hidden component of mouse B and T lymphocyte plasma membranes. It was readily radiolabeled from within the plasma membrane by a lipophilic, photoactivated reagent (125I-iodonaphthylazide) but not from the cell exterior by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination; it was not detected by immunofluorescence on intact cells. The function of this cryptic lymphocyte membrane albumin is unknown at present. This cryptic albumin component was discovered during immunoprecipitation experiments using anti-Ig reagents. It is considered of general methodologic significance that many antisera, both native and rigorously Ig-absorbed (both positively and negatively), contained such contaminating activity. The possibility is raised that such contaminating activity may be involved in some reported findings of albumin-size "Ig-like heavy chains" in both the B and T lymphocyte lineages. PMID- 6974190 TI - Virus-immune and alloreactive response characteristics of thymocytes and spleen cells from young mice. AB - Thymocytes from 3-day-old mice generate a strong, virus-immune cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response when primed in irradiated, vaccinia-infected recipients. Effector potential is not detected in spleen until day 4 or 5, when alloreactive precursors may also be present. Mice of 8 days or older survive inoculation with large doses of vaccinia virus, and generate significant CTL activity in spleen. There is, unlike the situation described by others for Listeria antigens, no major defect in stimulator function for spleens of 1-wk-old mice. This is true for both the virus-specific and alloreactive CTL responses. PMID- 6974189 TI - Expression of 2 immunoglobulin isotypes, IgM and IgA, with identical idiotype in the B cell lymphoma I.29. PMID- 6974194 TI - Effects of gamma-irradiation on lymphocyte subpopulations participating in the development of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. AB - Differences in radiosensitivity among lymphocyte subpopulations involved in generating allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were studied. Gamma irradiated splenic lymphocytes from C57BL/6 mice (B6, H-2b) were stimulated in vitro with DBA/2 (H-2d) spleen cells or the DBA/2 mastocytoma, P815. Limiting dilution analysis indicated that the cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector cells (CTLe) for either antigen arose from the same pool of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp), and that the D37 value of the B6 anti-H-2d CTLp was approximately 165 R. In mixed lymphocyte cultures, however, differential effects of irradiation were seen between the 2 antigens in the ability of irradiated responder B6 spleen cells to generate CTLe. For induction of cytotoxic activity against DBA/2 splenocytes, the CTLp was the most radiosensitive component of the response, whereas the generation of a cytotoxic response against P815 was limited by the radiosensitivity of an Lyt-1 T helper cell (D37 approximately 85 R). The radiosensitive Lyt-1 cell could be replaced by mixed lymphocyte reaction supernatants or semipurified interleukin 2 (IL-2) from Con A-stimulated murine spleen cells. The requiremet of B6 anti-H-2d CTLp for a radiosensitive accessory cell in the CTL response against P815, in contrast with their activation by DBA/2 splenocytes, may center on the fact that the tumor cells do not possess Ia antigens. PMID- 6974193 TI - Spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in chickens. II. Evidence for autoresponsive thymocytes. AB - A major factor involved in the spontaneously occurring autoimmune thyroiditis of OS chickens is the presence of thyroid reactive cells in the thymus of young OS chicks. This was determined by transferring OS and normal strain thymocytes to T cell-depleted histocompatible normal chickens and examining the recipients for thyroiditis. Although both thymocyte populations reconstituted T cell function, only the OS thymocytes induced thyroiditis. Additional evidence for hyperactivity of the young OS thymus was provided by studying the in situ uptake of a radiolabeled thymidine analogue. PMID- 6974192 TI - Regulatory effect of H2-D region antigens in the graft-vs-host response: F1 hybrid resistance to alloreactive T cells. AB - The role of donor and host H2D alleles in the graft-vs-host response was evaluated by measurement of DNA synthetic response of donor lymph node cells in lethally irradiated hosts and by a mortality assay in sublethally irradiated F1 hosts. Comparison of the potency of graded doses of B10.A, B10.A(2R), and (B10.A X B10.A(2R))F1 cells in (B10 vs B10.A)F1 and other hosts expressing foreign KbIb revealed a deficient response of 10(6) B10.A(2R) cells, but only when the host was heterozygous d/b at H2-D. Studies with TI congenic donors failed to implicate T region antigens in this effect. These results are interpreted to suggest that under the conditions of these experiments there is F1 hybrid resistance to alloaggressive T lymphocytes that are homozygous in the Db region. PMID- 6974195 TI - Epidermal cell (keratinocyte)-derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF). AB - In order to determine whether keratinocytes play a role in the modulation of the immune response, we investigated the murine keratinocyte cell line Pam 212. In culture these cells generate a substance with a biologic activity that greatly enhances phytohemagglutinin-induced thymocyte proliferation. We have, therefore, called this substance epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF). This keratinocyte-derived supernatant activity is mainly produced at the onset of the logarithmic growth phase and is directly mitogenic for murine thymocytes. Although ETAF by itself exhibits no T cell growth factor activity, ETAF enhances Interleukin 2 production by mitogen-stimulated murine spleen cells. Murine ETAF is not genetically restricted and lacks species specificity since it decreases lectin-induced proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (as well as murine spleen cells) and also enhances the production of human Interleukin 2. The factor has a m.w. between 15,000 and 25,000 as determined by gel filtration and elutes as a single peak from anion exchange chromatography columns. The activity is maintained mainly at alkaline pH and is rapidly destroyed at temperatures above 60 degrees C. These observations suggest that epidermal cells may interact with the immune system by elaborating nonspecific factors that modulate lymphocyte proliferation and augment lymphokine production. PMID- 6974196 TI - Evidence for a cloned hybridoma (HO-13-4-9) producing 2 kinds of antibody molecules different in specificity, one directed to Thy 1.2 gene products and the other to antigen on a subpopulation of Thy 1.1 thymocytes. PMID- 6974197 TI - T cells with Fc receptors for IgA: induction of T alpha cells in vivo and in vitro by purified IgA. AB - Previous studies demonstrated that BALB/c mice with the IgA-secreting plasmacytomas MOPC-315 (alpha lambda 2), MOPC-167 (alpha kappa), McPC-603 (alpha kappa) and TEPC-15 (alpha kappa) developed large numbers of T cells with surface membrane receptors for IgA (T alpha cells). The lack of T alpha cell expansion in mice with variant plasmacytomas that were nonsecretors or low secretors of IgA implied that elevated serum IgA contributed to the increase in T alpha cells. The present studies show that normal BALB/c mice that were given daily injections of 30 mg of IgA (M315 protein) develop a marked increase in the number of T alpha cells. These studies also show that the T alpha cells induced by injection of IgA are Lyt1-2+ T cells. In addition, the data presented demonstrate that nylon wool nonadherent T cells, treated with purified polymeric IgA (M315 protein) in vitro, develop a marked increase in the number of T alpha cells. The in vitro induction of T alpha cells by IgA requires DNA and protein synthesis. These findings indicate that the T alpha cell expansion observed in mice with IgA myeloma is related to the high serum level of IgA and not to the myeloma tumor per se. In addition, these observations have a more general relevance to the issue of B cell regulation because they demonstrate that secreted immunoglobulin can directly induce expansion of immunoregulatory T cells. PMID- 6974198 TI - Mouse alloantibodies capable of blocking cytotoxic T cell function. III. Studies of the mechanism of blocking of CML by anti-Lyt-2 antibodies. AB - Attempts were made to analyze the mechanism of action of anti-Lyt-2 antibody in blocking of CML in the absence of complement. Preincubation of killer cells with anti-Lyt-2 antibody followed by washing was found to abrogate the inhibitory effect of the antibody on target cell lysis, whereas an equivalent amount of the antibody present throughout the culture period caused marked inhibition. The failure of pretreatment with anti-Lyt-2 antibody to cause inhibition of CML might be due to rapid turnover of Lyt-2 molecules. Delayed addition of the anti-Lyt-2 antibody to CML cultures decreased the inhibition observed, which indicated that the antibody must be present during early stages of killing in order to exert significant inhibitory effects. The partitioning of CML according to requirements for divalent cations showed that anti-Lyt-2 antibody acts on killer cells during the Mg++-dependent stage of killing. In addition, the antibody was shown to be capable of reversing certain events occurring during this stage. These data are consistent with a role for Lyt-2 molecules during the antigen recognition stage of cell-mediated lysis. However, the exact function of the Lyt-2 molecule remains unknown. PMID- 6974199 TI - Formation of IgE-binding factors by rat T lymphocytes. I. Induction of IgE binding factors by poly I:C and interferon. PMID- 6974200 TI - Immunologic tolerance after oral administration of reovirus: requirement for two viral gene products for tolerance induction. AB - We have demonstrated that reovirus type 1, but not type 3, generates serotype specific immunologic tolerance for DTH responses following oral administration of UV-inactivated virus. As shown by adoptive transfer experiments, the tolerance is secondary to the generation of viral-specific suppressor T cells that are present in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. No tolerance was generated when live virus was administered orally. Using recombinant viral clones, it was found that 2 viral gene products were required for tolerance induction; serotype specificity is a property of the viral hemagglutinin (the product of the S1 dsRNA segment). The inability of type 3 reovirus to induce suppression following oral administration is a property of the mu 1C polypeptide (the product of the M2 dsRNA genome segment). PMID- 6974201 TI - The in situ induction of tumoricidal activity in alveolar macrophages by liposomes containing muramyl dipeptide is a thymus-independent process. PMID- 6974202 TI - Optimal culture conditions for in vitro antigen-induced proliferation of rat lymph node cells. AB - Popliteal and inguinal lymph node cells (LNC) from rats immunized with ovalbumin (OA) in Freund's adjuvant, were cultured with OA for 4 days in a variety of serum supplemented media. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into [3H]DNA was assessed as an index of antigen-induced lymphoproliferation. Optimal conditions for proliferation were found to comprise culture in flat-bottomed vessels, in the presence of RPMI 1640 medium adjusted to rat osmolality (310 mosmoles/kg) containing 5% v/v fresh syngeneic rat serum plus 4 X 10(-4) M 2-mercaptoethanol. PMID- 6974203 TI - Multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6974204 TI - Haemophilus influenzae infections in adults: characterization of strains by serotypes, biotypes, and beta-lactamase production. AB - One hundred three cases of bacteremia or meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae in adults were evaluated. Among 96 episodes of bacteremia, 60% were due to pneumonia and 15% to genital-related infections; 10% had no apparent source of infection. Of 42 isolates serotyped in routine fashion by slide agglutination, 79% were reported as type b. In contrast, of 45 isolates from the same interval with confirmed serotyping (usually by counterimmunoelectrophoresis), only 29% were type b and 64% were nontypable; 26% had been misidentified by routine slide agglutination. The majority (85%) of confirmed typable strains were biotype I. Four (40%) of 10 nontypable obstetrical isolates belonged to the relatively rare biotype IV. Only 2% of isolates were ampicillin-resistant, despite a high resistance rate among pediatric isolates in the same communities. When serotyping is carefully performed, nontypable organisms appear to be the major cause of invasive H. influenzae disease in adults. PMID- 6974205 TI - Outer-membrane protein subtypes of Haemophilus influenzae type b and spread of disease in day-care centers. AB - Isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b with a distinctive outer-membrane protein subtype, designated 1H, were responsible for 11 of 13 cases of invasive infection in children attending six day-care centers with secondary cases of disease, in comparison to three of 14 cases in children attending 10 centers with single cases and two centers with unrelated cases. The other 11 cases were caused by type b isolates of six different subtypes. The secondary attack rate in contacts younger than four years of age exposed to disease due to isolates of the 1H subtype was 16 per 1,000, compared with 1.6 per 1,000 after exposure to disease caused by subtypes other than 1H (P less than 0.008). Carriage rates were increased in day-care-center contacts exposed to patients with disease, and most of the carriers were colonized by isolates with subtypes homologous to those responsible for the respective index cases. Both 1H and non-1H strains were capable of colonizing contacts, but 1H strains may be more pathogenic than other subtypes. PMID- 6974206 TI - Suppression of antibacterial immunity by infection with influenza virus. AB - The effect of influenza virus infection on systemic antibacterial resistance was assessed in a mouse model. Prior infection with influenza virus by the intranasal route led to a reduced level of macrophage activation in response to intravenous challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. Specific immunity to Listeria was measured using adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells. Preinfection of recipient mice with influenza virus reduced the level of adoptive immunity. Influenza virus preinfection of immune cell donors produced a similar decrease, which suggested that specific thymus-derived cell-mediated immunity was impaired in addition to macrophage function. The exact mechanism affected by influenza virus infection was not clear, but there was thought to be a direct effect on the macrophage with a secondary effect on the thymus-derived cell via its accessory role in the specific immune response. The immune parameters studied were still depressed at a time when actual resistance was enhanced, a result which implied that nonimmunologic factors may be involved in the enhanced susceptibility to secondary infection. PMID- 6974207 TI - Correlations between computerized tomography of the head and motor developmental disturbances of children with cerebral palsy. AB - Two hundred and eight-two children with cerebral palsy (C.P.) and thirty-seven normal children were studied by computerized tomography (C.T.) of the head for finding out the correlations between the organic damage of the brain and the motor developmental disturbance. The abnormal findings of C.T. were: enlargement of the ventricular system, high density area, low density area and porencephalus, enlargement of the sulcus and anomaly of the medial structure. Enlargement of the ventricular system seemed to have correlation with spasticity; the portion and the extent of the enlargement corresponded to the affected extremities and the severity of the spasticity. Children of other types also showed various abnormal C.T. findings but, in general, less than that of spastic types. The prognosis of the motor development of C.P. children cannot be predicted by serial C.T. examinations strictly, because early treatment could cause improvement to that of these children. However, it is of worthy notice that C.T. is an effective method of helping to diagnose the motor developmental disturbance in earlier childhood. PMID- 6974208 TI - [The characteristics of e-rosette forming cells in cancer patients, especially in heat stable E-rosette (HSE-rosette) formation and e-rosette inhibition by antilymphocyte serum (ALS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974209 TI - Reoperative cardiac surgery: assessing the risks of secondary procedures. PMID- 6974210 TI - Chronic serous otitis media. PMID- 6974211 TI - Experience with the sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular ramus: a 13-year review. AB - This report surveys the experience in 236 patients operated on by the author, of whom 155 provided records complete enough to provide information on all the elements of postoperative evaluation. Patients were evaluated at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. The patients had an average age of 23 years, and were predominantly female in a ratio of more than 4:1. No intraoperative or postoperative physiologically threatening problems as elsewhere described in the literature, such as profound blood loss, airway obstruction, or gross loss of bone substance, were encountered. An immediate postoperative paraesthesia incidence of almost 85% was observed, which diminished to 9% 1 year postoperatively. The prolonged paraesthesia were most common in patients over 40 years of age; similarly, healing was prolonged in patients over 40, prompting the author's recommendation that 8 weeks intermaxillary fixation rather than 6 be employed in these patients. The overall relapse rate was approximately 30%; this was clinically significant in approximately 12% of patients, and required reoperation in 4 patients. Relapse was most marked in apertognathic patients, demonstrating, in the author's opinion, that the sagittal ramus osteotomy should not be used, in general, in open-bite cases. The particulars of the technique and the author's views on regression are presented. PMID- 6974212 TI - Thrombogenicity of antihemophiliac preparations with factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity. PMID- 6974213 TI - Role of serotonin in the regulation of growth hormone and prolactin secretion in the domestic fowl. AB - Plasma levels of GH and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassay in male domestic fowl treated with centrally active agents. p-Chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) did not have an effect on tonic levels of prolactin but led to a significant rise in circulating GH concentrations. The three serotonin receptor antagonists tested, methysergide, SQ-10631 and cyproheptadine, each resulted in a significant reduction in plasma prolactin while markedly increasing plasma GH levels. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan led to a rise in plasma prolactin and a drop in plasma GH levels in untreated birds or in animals pretreated with pCPA. The serotonin receptor agonist, quipazine, resulted in a marked increase in plasma prolactin and a marked reduction in plasma GH concentrations in untreated birds. In pCPA-pretreated animals quipazine was no longer effective in altering plasma prolactin levels but still caused a significant drop in circulating levels of GH. These results suggest that in the young male domestic fowl serotonin has a stimulatory role in the regulation of prolactin and an inhibitory role in the regulation of GH secretion. PMID- 6974214 TI - Mechanisms of anti-tumor action of Corynebacterium parvum. I. Potentiated tumor specific immunity and its therapeutic limitations. AB - The anti-tumor mechanism in mice induced by a subcutaneous injection of syngeneic tumor cells admixed with Corynebacterium parvum was investigated. When mice were implanted in a hind footpad with x 2 1096) tumor cells admixed with 100 microgram C. parvum, the tumor that emerged grew progressively for about 9 d and then underwent progressive and complete regression. It was found that this C. parvum induced regression was associated with the acquisition of a systemic, T cell mediated mechanism of immunity to tumor-specific transplantation antigens, which enabled the host to cause the regression of an untreated test tumor growing simultaneously at a distant site. The generation of a C. parvum-potentiated anti tumor response was dependent on the presence of tumor cells in close association with C. parvum, tumor immunogenicity, and the quantity of tumor antigen in the admixture. The anti-tumor immunity was specific for the tumor in the therapeutic admixture and could be adoptively transferred to normal recipients with Thy-1.2 positive lymphocytes, but not with serum. Complete regression of a distant test tumor by the C. parvum-tumor admixture was limited to tumors below a certain critical size. PMID- 6974215 TI - Mechanisms of anti-tumor action of Corynebacterium parvum. II. Potentiated cytolytic T cell response and its tumor-induced suppression. AB - It was shown that subcutaneous implantation of P815 tumor cells admixed with Corynebacterium parvum resulted in the emergence of a tumor that grew for 9-10 d and then regressed. The onset of tumor aggression was preceded by the substantial generation in the draining lymph node and spleen of T cells capable of specifically lysing P815 target cells in vitro. The finding that the magnitude of this cytolytic response was much greater than the cytolytic response to a control tumor that grew progressively is consistent with the hypothesis that the anti tumor action of C. parvum is based on its capacity to augment the production of T cells sensitized to tumor-specific transplantation antigens. This adjuvant action of C. parvum was revealed by additional experiments in which irradiated, nonreplicating tumor cells were substituted for living tumor cells in the admixture. The results support the conclusion that the potentiated cytolytic response to subcutaneous injection of an admixture of irradiated tumor cells and C. parvum is responsible for the ability of this admixture to cause the regression of a test tumor growing at a distant site. Finally, it was shown that the failure of the therapeutic admixture to cause the regression of distant test tumors above a certain size was associated with a failure of the admixture to cause a potentiated, anti-tumor cytolytic response. We discussed the possibility that this failure was caused by the presence of a tumor-induced state of immunosuppression. PMID- 6974216 TI - Origin and fate of IgE-bearing lymphocytes. I. Peyer's patches as differentiation site of cells. Simultaneously bearing IgA and IgE. AB - Peyer's patches (PP) from adult conventionally raised (C) and germ-free (GF) rats of the same age differed strikingly in the distributions of cells bearing membrane-bound immunoglobulin of the different isotypes. High concentrations of cells with membrane-bound IgE (approximately 20% of total cells determined by indirect immunofluorescence) were found in PP of rats, whereas IgE+ cells were absent from PP of C rats. The numbers of IgA+ cells were almost threefold higher in PP of GF rats when compared with C rats. In contrast, PP of GF rats had greatly reduced numbers of IgM-bearing cells (4%) when compared with C rats (23%); in some experiments virtually no IgM-bearing cells were detected. The levels of IgA- and IgE-bearing cells in spleen of GF rats were increased (to 11% and 7%, respectively). Of the IgE-bearing cells in PP and spleen of GF rats, approximately one-half were simultaneously positive for IgA. When these PP cells were treated with pronase to remove membrane bound immunoglobulins and maintained in culture, both IgE and IgA reappeared within 12 h. The proportion of doubly labeled cells was similar to that of the untreated population. No IgE+ cells were detected in bone marrow of C of GF rats at any time, in agreement with the findings of Ishizaka et al., although up to 20% of bone marrow cells bore other immunoglobulin isotypes, suggesting that IgE-bearing cells arise in the PP either de novo or by switching from precursors carrying IgM or IgA. PMID- 6974217 TI - Immune responsiveness of SM/J mice. Cellular characteristics and genetic analysis of hyperresponsiveness to B cell mitogens. AB - We tested the proliferative responses of splenocytes from a panel of inbred mouse strains to AVIS, a B cell mitogen from Actinomyces viscosus bacteria. The SM/J strain was found to exhibit severalfold higher responsiveness than any of the other strains. SM/J splenocytes were also hyperresponsive to the B cell mitogens lipopolysaccharide, dextran sulfate, and purified protein derivative of tuberculin, but responsiveness to the T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin was normal. (B6 X SM)F1 and F1 x B6 backcross mice were tested for AVIS and lipopolysaccharide responsiveness, and it was determined that hyperresponsiveness was under polygenic, autosomal, non-H-2-linked gene control. Genetic control of response to B mitogens in SM/J mice appears to be expressed solely through the B lymphocyte because removal of T lymphocytes or macrophages did not reduce the magnitude of responsiveness in vitro. SM/J mice may provide a useful model for testing questions regarding B cell triggering, differentiation, and function, and to examine the genes involved with B cell proliferation. PMID- 6974218 TI - Polyclonal activation of human B lymphocytes by Fc fragments. I. Characterization of the cellular requirements for Fc fragment-mediated polyclonal antibody secretion by human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. AB - Fc fragments derived from human immunoglobulin were found to be capable of inducing both a proliferative and polyclonal antibody response in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. The cell population proliferating in response to Fc fragments belongs to the B cell lineage. Expression of polyclonal antibody formation requires the presence of both adherent monocytes and T cells. The role of the monocyte is to enzymatically cleave the Fc fragment into 19,000 mol wt Fc subfragments that are then able to induce polyclonal antibody secretion. Stimulation of polyclonal antibody production by Fc subfragments occurs in the absence of adherent monocytes but still requires the presence of T cells. PMID- 6974219 TI - New cell surface gp70 related to Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus is expressed on Friend virus-induced erythroleukemic spleen cells after elimination of ecotropic Friend virus gp70 in Rfv-3r/s mice. AB - Spleen cells from Rfv-3r/s mice with Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia were analyzed for expression of virus-induced proteins with monoclonal antiviral antibodies and conventional antisera. Leukemic spleen cells, 30-60 d after virus inoculation, expressed decreased amounts of ecotropic Friend murine leukemia helper virus gag- and env-encoded cell surface and intracellular proteins compared with leukemic cells tested 8-10 d after virus inoculation. In contrast, the spleen focus-forming virus-induced protein, gp55, was present on both leukemia cell populations. This difference appeared to be mediated by the humoral antibody response in Rfv-3r/s mice, which could recognize only ecotropic gag and env proteins, and not gp55. A new gp70 molecule cross-reactive with a recombinant Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus was found in large quantities on late leukemic cells. This protein appeared to be derived from a recombinant virus produced during the course of Friend virus infection. The appearance of this new gp70 suggests that recombinant viruses other than spleen focus-forming virus may play a role in Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia. PMID- 6974220 TI - Monoclonal antibody to an IgD allotype induces a new type of allotype suppression in the mouse. AB - Studies presented here show that perinatal exposure to anti-IgD allotype antibodies induces a persistant IgG-allotype suppression in the mouse that differs markedly from either the short-term or chronic allotype suppressions induced by antibodies to IgG or IgM allotypes. This novel form of allotype suppression induced by injecting neonatal BALB/c x SJL mice with monoclonal antibody to the paternal Igh-5b (IgD) allotype drastically reduces paternal allotype production during the first 6 mo of the affected animal's life and simultaneously stimulates compensatory production of maternal allotype IgG. In addition, it interferes with the development of B cells carrying the paternal IgD allotype and impairs the development of memory B cells destined to give rise to paternal allotype IgG-producing cells. Thus, its properties make it more like allotype suppression as described in the rabbit than like the known forms of allotype suppression in the mouse. As shown here, Igh-5b-bearing (5b+) B cells are completely depleted from the neonate after anti-5b exposure and only gradually appear as the animal ages. The recovery of the 5b+ population to near normal size (by approximately 14 wk of age) substantially preceeds recovery of the ability to generate normal-size memory B cell populations. Paternal allotype levels in serum remain well below normal until the anti-5b-exposed animals reach approximately 6 mo of age and then climb rapidly, finally stabilizing at levels comparable to levels in controls of the same age. The elevated maternal allotype levels characteristic of the suppression period began falling somewhat earlier and are clearly stabilized within the normal range in 6-mo-old animals. Thus, perinatal exposure to anti-5b compromises B cell development and IgG production throughout early adulthood but has little apparent effect in older animals. Perinatal exposure to antibody to the paternal IgG2a allotype (Igh-1b) or IgM allotype (Igh-6b), in contrast, induces a chronic allotype suppression that has relatively little affect on IgG production in young adults but severely suppresses allotype production in older animals. Furthermore, this type of (chronic) suppression does not influence maternal allotype production and does not interfere with memory B cell development. These differences, illustrated here by data from parallel sets of animals exposed either toi anti-5b or anti-1b, raise a series of intriguing questions concerning the mechanisms regulating B cell development and expression and the nature of the neonatal (B) cell populations with which the suppression-inducing antibodies react. PMID- 6974221 TI - Eradication of disseminated murine leukemia by chemoimmunotherapy with cyclophosphamide and adoptively transferred immune syngeneic Lyt-1+2- lymphocytes. AB - The phenotype of T cells therapeutically effective in immunotherapy of advanced Friend virus-induced (FBL) leukemia in vivo and cytotoxic to FBL in vitro was determined. Mice bearing disseminated FBL leukemia were successfully treated by a combination of cyclophosphamide and adoptive transfer of syngeneic immune lymphocytes. Therapeutic efficacy was largely dependent on the presence of Lyt 1+2- T cells in the transferred cells, whereas cells cytotoxic to FBL tumor in vitro were derived from the Lyt-1+2+ and Lyt-1-2+ subsets. Thus, the predominate cell required to eradicate tumor in adoptive chemoimmunotherapy was not cytolytic to tumor in vitro. Potentially, the Lyt-1+2- cell may operate in vivo as an amplifier cell rather than by a direct anti-tumor effect. Elimination of the Lyt 1+ population with alpha-Lyt-1 and complement prevented the generation of significant cytotoxic responses during both primary in vitro sensitization to alloantigens and in vitro sensitization of tumour-primed cells. The capacity of Lyt-1+ cell-depleted population to generate cytotoxic responses was partially reconstituted by addition, at the initiation of culture, of interluekin 2, a T cell growth factor derived from Lyt-1+2- cells, which contain the CTL and CTL precursors, were nearly as effective in vitro as unseparated immune cells. If the remaining effector cells (i.e., Lyt-1+2- T cells) function in vivo predominantly as amplifier cells, than the tumour-bearing host must be capable of making a positive contribution to the outcome of therapy. PMID- 6974222 TI - Monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin 2. I. Inhibition of T lymphocyte mitogenesis and the in vitro differentiation of alloreactive cytolytic T cells. AB - Our recent studies have detailed the generation of B cell hybridomas whose IgG product significantly inhibits interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent T cell replication. Given the capacity of such hybridoma antibody to interfere with the activity of mouse, rat, and human IL-2, we asked whether anti-IL-2 IgG would mediate similar inhibitory effects on other in vitro immune responses. In this communication, we report that addition of purified anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody to either mitogen- or alloantigen-stimulated spleen cells exerted markedly deleterious effects on both resultant T cell proliferation and the generation of cytolytic effector cells. These results provide serological evidence in support of the integral role that IL-2 plays in controlling antigen/mitogen-induced T cell proliferation and serves further to define the ability of monoclonal antibody against IL-2 to function as an immunosuppressive agent. PMID- 6974223 TI - Very rapid decay of mature B lymphocytes in the spleen. AB - To determine the persistence of immunocompetent B lymphocytes at the periphery, regardless of cell division, we have followed the decay of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-reactive B cells in LPS-nonresponder, histocompatible hosts. Both the numbers of transferred cells and of those persisting in the recipients could be determine with precision by limiting dilution analysis of the various cell populations. Decay rates of 50% per day were determined. Because we can exclude immune elimination of donor cells and the numbers of transferred cells were too low to result in gross alterations of the physiologic turnover rates, we conclude that the majority of LPS-reactive B lymphocytes and a large part of the whole B cell compartment show this astonishingly high rate of decay. The method introduced here might prove useful in a variety of clonal assays, as it can detect cells present at a very low frequency. PMID- 6974224 TI - Prescription of home exercise therapy for cardiovascular fitness. AB - The importance of regular exercise activity in health maintenance has been continually emphasized. Family physicians, as the primary health care providers to many individuals, need a protocol for exercise prescription that is both practical for the physician to administer and reasonable for the patient to understand and follow. A practical protocol applicable to individuals of varying cardiac states is presented. PMID- 6974225 TI - Expectant fatherhood and first pregnancy. PMID- 6974227 TI - [Linkage between the gene responsible for adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21 hydroxylase deficiency and chromosome-6 short-arm markers]. AB - In six patients from four different families, the study of the genetic markers of te short arm of chromosome 6 allows to confirm the situation of the gene responsible for congenital adrenal hyperplasia by deficiency of 21 hydroxylase. Thanks to the discovery of a recombination of the maternal haplotype in an affected girl. we consider the situation of the pathological gene with regard to that of the glyoxalase I gene. In the families including at least one patient, these studies permit to tract the heterozygotes and to make a very early or even antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 6974226 TI - Local movement in stimulated frog sartorius muscle. AB - Local movement was recorded in tetanically contracting frog sartorius muscle to estimate the nonuniformity in the distribution of compliance in the muscle preparation and the compliance that resides in the attachments of the preparation to the measuring apparatus. The stimulated muscle was also subjected to rapid length changes, and the local movements and tension responses were recorded. The results indicate that during tension development at resting length the central region of the muscle shortens at the expense of the ends. After stimulation the "shoulder" in the tension, which divided the relaxation into a slow decline and a subsequent, rather exponential decay toward zero, was accompanied by an abrupt increase in local movement. We also examined the temperature sensitivity of the two phases of relaxation. The results are consistent with the view that the decrease in tension during relaxation depends on mechanical conditions. The local movement brought about by the imposed length changes indicates that the peak value of the relative length change of the uniformly acting part was approximately 20% less than the relative length change of the whole preparation. From these observations, corrections were obtained for the compliance data derived from the tension responses. These corrections allow a comparison with data in the literature obtained from single fiber preparations. The implications for the stiffness measured during the tension responses are discussed. PMID- 6974228 TI - Characteristics of dihydroxyphenylalanine/5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activity in brain and liver of cat. PMID- 6974231 TI - Epidural stimulation for vascular disease of extremities. PMID- 6974229 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations and responsiveness in rats bearing intracranial tumors induced by avian sarcoma virus. AB - The mitogenic responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from Fischer 344 rats inoculated with avian sarcoma virus was studied. In addition, quantitative alterations in lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in these animals. Only peripheral blood lymphocytes from rats bearing astrocytomas had significantly diminished responses to concanavalin A when compared to control responses. The percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations detected in either the peripheral blood or spleen of tumor-bearing rats did not differ from values obtained with control rats. However, rats bearing astrocytomas had a marked decrease in the absolute number of the various lymphocyte subpopulations as a result of lymphopenia. Neither the sarcoma-bearing rats nor the virus-inoculated rats that did not develop tumors exhibited this lymphopenia. In addition, sera from rats bearing astrocytomas diminished the concanavalin A reactivity of spleen cells obtained from normal rats. The results of this study establish the avian sarcoma virus-induced rat astrocytoma model as a useful immunological parallel for the human disease. PMID- 6974232 TI - A new perspective and old problems. PMID- 6974230 TI - Giant cyst of the septum pellucidum: case report. AB - Symptomatic cysts of the septum pellucidum are rare. Up to 1969, 17 published cases were considered to be symptomatic. In the case report here, a 9-week-old girl was hospitalized because of disproportionate progressive enlargement of the head, lumbar myelomeningocele, and a history of generalized seizures. A giant septum pellucidum cyst was demonstrated on Conray ventriculography and later on computerized tomography (CT) scanning. Aqueductal stenosis was suspected. The cyst was excised at craniotomy. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was required to treat the accompanying hydrocephalus. PMID- 6974234 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children with diabetes mellitus. AB - Seven children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were found to have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; six of these children had the polyarticular form of the disease. All six had positive serology (rheumatoid factor and/or antinuclear antibody) and clinical or serologic evidence of autoimmune diseases usually ascribed to the thyrogastric cluster. Five expressed HLA antigens associated with increased risk for both diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis in adults. Evidence of B cell hyperactivity and impaired T cell response was found in some, but immunoregulatory function was normal in all. The association of these two diseases may be the result of factors other than chance alone, and may be more common than previously suspected. PMID- 6974233 TI - Evaluation of an occupational respiratory exposure to a zirconium-containing dust. AB - A group of handfinishers of zirconium metal reactor components questioned whether the dust to which they were exposed would cause chronic lung disease or cancer, or both. To investigate this possibility, the work environment was surveyed, and 32 male employees who had worked as handfinishers from one to seventeen years, were compared to a group of controls in reference to a respiratory questionnaire, chest x-ray findings, and expiratory lung function tests. The controls were matched to the handfinishers for age, sex, payroll status and smoking history. No significant differences were found between the exposed and the control groups. Results of earlier animal respiratory studies vary from no effect to definite pathology. Previous employee exposure studies are short-term and have methodological shortcomings. It would appear that lifetime animal respiratory studies and systematic epidemiological studies of employee populations with long term inhalation exposure are needed to demonstrate unequivocally whether zirconium and zirconium compounds are harmful. PMID- 6974235 TI - Transient T-cell depression in postoperative chylothorax. PMID- 6974236 TI - Dielectric components of charge movements in skeletal muscle. AB - 1. Voltage clamp experiments measured transients from 10 mV steps applied about different membrane potentials, VT. Their analysis employed the Fourier transform relationship between dielectric spectra of permittivity as a function of frequency, and the step transient admittance, as well as established methods. 2. The membrane capacitance measured between -85 mV and about -50 mV rose monotonically and was associated with simple decaying transients in both 'on' and 'off' steps. At more depolarized potentials the capacitance increased sharply and was associated with a charging current of complex form, before falling again beyond the transition potential. 3. Step-transient responses for dielectric analysis were sampled in the above voltage range. Dielectric spectra of the non linear transients were obtained by subtracting Fourier transforms of transients at VC = -85 mV from test transforms at VT. 4. The imaginary transform coefficients represent a spectrum of dielectric loss against frequency. These showed two non-linear components. The q beta component formed a broad peak, when charge movements were simple monotonic decays. A sharp low-frequency q gamma peak became superimposed at particular voltages when charge-movement kinetics became complex. 5. In contrast, 'off' transients were simple monotonic relaxations. Their transforms showed only one dielectric loss peak, whose frequency was relatively voltage-independent when q gamma occurred in 'on' transforms. 6. Both altering holding potential from VH = -85 to -50 mV and adding 1 mM-tetracaine to the bathing solution reduced the dependence of capacitance on voltage. The non linear polarization currents became simple monotonic relaxations at both the beginning and end of the voltage step. 7. It is concluded that charge movements are composed of at least two components: q beta, and the tetracaine and voltage inactivated q gamma. Any causal relationship between q beta and q gamma and the membrane processes they might underlie would be expected to be complex. PMID- 6974237 TI - Membrane capacitance in hyperpolarized muscle fibres. AB - 1. Voltage clamp experiments on muscle fibres compared transients to 10 mV steps at hyperpolarized voltages between VT = -100 to -185 mV with controls obtained at VC = -85 mV. 2. Membrane capacitance fell by 15%, 13% and 4.5% per 100 mV hyperpolarization fro -85 mV in hypertonic low chloride, hypertonic high chloride and isotonic high chloride-containing solutions respectively. 3. The charge moved by the 'on' and 'off' parts of the applied step was equal over the voltages studied. This suggests that the changes were capacitative rather than ionic in origin. The changes could not be explained in terms of the cable properties of the transverse tubular system. They may therefore reflect non-linear capacitance in the muscle membrane itself. 4. Subtracting control transients at -85 mV from transients obtained at different voltages gave monotonically decaying charge movements. In the frequency domain, these charge movements possessed real and imaginary permittivities resembling those of a 'Debye' particle. 5. It is concluded that muscle membranes have non-linear capacitances even at voltages far hyperpolarized to those in which familiar voltage-dependent processes occur. PMID- 6974238 TI - Adrenocortical activity and some clinical findings in acute and chronic fatigue. PMID- 6974239 TI - Heterogeneity of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein following purification from maternal serum and partial characterization of a high-molecular-weight component. AB - Pregnancy-Specific beta 1-Glycoprotein (PSB1G) has been purified from maternal serum by physico-chemical and immunochemical methods. Marked instability of the protein was noted after partial purification which correlated with hydroxylapatite chromatography of PSB1G. Three molecular heterogeneous forms were demonstrated by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 which were designated as PSB1G I, II and III. Each of the latter purified materials displayed altered immunoelectrophoretic mobility, i.e., altered from beta 1 to gamma mobility. In immunodiffusion experiments PSB1G-I reacted in complete immunological identity with 'native' serum PSB1G whereas PSB1G-II and III reacted in partial identity with each of the latter, suggesting that they are dissociation and/or degradation products of the parent PSB1G. The apparent molecular weights of PSB1G-I, II and III as determined by gel filtration were 280 000, 69 000 and 23 000, respectively, PSB1G-I was selected for structural analysis on the basis of its immunological identity with 'native' antigen. SDS-PAGE studies of PSB1G-I with and without reducing agent strongly suggest that PSB1G-I and 'native' serum antigen are composed of two dissimilar subunits of equal molecular size which are bonded together by non-covalent linkage. One of the subunits appears to represent a single polypeptide chain, whereas the other subunit appears to be composed of two polypeptide chains of unequal size that are linked together by covalent bonds. Investigations are continuing towards confirmation of the proposed structural model of PSB1G-I by an alternate methodology of protein structure analysis. PMID- 6974240 TI - Studies on the subunit and polypeptide structure of a polymeric form of pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein. AB - The structure of a high-molecular-weight form of Pregnancy-Specific beta 1 Glycoprotein designated PSB1G-I that had been previously isolated from maternal serum was studied by gel chromatography in guanidine hydrochloride dissociating solvent. Evidence was obtained that subunits of identical size (bonded together non-covalently) but of differing polypeptide compositions constitute the PSB1G-I molecule. The subunits of PSB1G-I have been designated alpha and beta subunits. Reduction of PSB1G-I results in an intact alpha chain and two beta chains (beta 1 and beta 2) that are linked in the parent beta subunit by covalent bonds. The collective molecular weights of the alpha, beta 1 and beta 2 chains are equal to 97 800 which is assumed to represent the 'true' molecular weight of 'native' serum PSB1G. PMID- 6974242 TI - Electrical phenomena associated with bones and fractures and the therapeutic use of electricity in fracture healing. AB - Living bones have small electrical potentials on their surfaces, the magnitudes of which change only slightly with the reaching of adulthood. When using a limb stresses are put on the bones inside, and these create piezo-electric potentials which may themselves cause bone growth along the lines of stress, hence making the bone stronger. Voltages also appear at fracture sites and may be important in causing the bone to heal its wound. Fractures that have not healed properly can be stimulated into repair by the passage of small electric currents through them. The factors involved in these processes are discussed. PMID- 6974241 TI - A specific cytolytic T cell response induced by subcutaneous challenge with allogeneic rat epididymal spermatozoa. AB - Groups of virgin female rats were killed on days 2-5 after footpad injection with either thoracic duct lymphocytes or epididymal spermatozoa from allogeneic male rats and the cellular response in the regional lymph nodes determined by the specific cytoadhesion technique. After challenge with both thoracic duct lymphocytes and epididymal spermatozoa a specific cytolytic T cell response to the male strain histocompatibility antigens was evident on the second day and increased until the fifth day. The weight and total lymphocyte content of the nodes were significantly greater than the unimmunized control values throughout the observation period. These results provide further evidence for the expression of histocompatibility antigens by epididymal spermatozoa. PMID- 6974243 TI - Intracellular ionic activities in frog skin. AB - Intracellular Na+, K+, and Cl- activities (aiNa, aiK, aiCl) and transapical membrane potentials (V0) were measured with liquid ion-exchanger and open-tip microelectrodes in isolated short-circuited frog skins (R. pipiens) incubated at 23 degrees C in normal amphibian Ringer's solution. Under control conditions aiNa = 14 +/- 3 mM, aiK = 132 +/- 10 mM and aiCl = 18 +/- 3 mM (SD). The value of aiCl is 4.4 times the value corresponding to electrochemical equilibrium for this ion. Thus, Cl- is actively accumulated by epithelial cells of the frog skin. Shortly after addition of amiloride (2--5 microM) to the apical bathing medium, aiK, aiNa, and aiCl were essentially unchanged although V0 had hyperpolarized by about 30--40 mV. During long-term exposure to amiloride aiK and aiCl did not change significantly, V0 depolarized by about 16 mV from the maximal value and aiNa decreased to 8 +/- 3 mM. Immediately after exposure to amiloride the transmembrane driving force for Na+ increased from 124 to 154 mV. During further exposure to amiloride, despite changes in both V0 and aiNa, this driving force remained virtually constant. Since Isc during this period was close to zero, it is suggested that the observed driving force for Na+ under these condition approximates the maximal driving force generated by the Na+--K+ ATP-ase pump in the basolateral cell membrane. PMID- 6974244 TI - Action of caerulein, gastrin 17, pentagastrin, and secretin on the active transport of sodium by the frog skin. AB - Frog skin was mounted in an Ussing chamber and the actions of caerulein, gastrin, pentagastrin, and secretin on the active transport of sodium were studied using the short-circuit current method. All polypeptides exerted their effect when placed in the solution bathing the outside surface of the skin. The response was a transient dose-related increase in the transepithelial electrical potential difference and in the short-circuit current. Analysis of the response indicated that at submaximal doses the effect was due to an increase in the rate of entry of sodium through the outer barrier to active sodium transport. At supramaximal doses the passive permeability of the skin was also increased. Th ED50 concentrations of the hormones were: caerulein, 50 pM; gastrin, 53 pM; pentagastrin, 440 pM; and secretin, 30 pM. It is argued that the large quantity of caerulein or caerulein-like peptides stored in the skin may be required either to control the entry of sodium when the amphibian is undergoing maximum stress in a freshwater environment, or that it may have a protective function for the amphibian as it could elicit a noxious hypersecretion in the gastrointestinal tract of the predator together with a marked hypotension. PMID- 6974245 TI - Comparison of the action of La3+ and Ca2+ on contraction threshold and other membrane parameters of frog skeletal muscle. AB - The influence of La3+ on contraction threshold, on membrane input resistance, and on action potential parameters was investigated in fibers of the sartorius muscle of the frog, and it was compared to that of Ca2+. The dependence of the contraction threshold on [La3+]0 in the presence of 0.5mM Ca3+ gave a sigmoid relationship between 0.1 and 5 mM La3+ with a shift of 23 to 34 mV to less negative potentials following a 10-fold increase of [La3+]0. The membrane input resistance was increased to various degrees in La-containing solutions, the increase being irreversible. The threshold of action potential generation was shifted to less negative potentials by 28 mV, and the duration at half-maximal amplitude was tripled by 0.5 mM La3+. In comparison a 10-fold increase of [Ca2+]0 in the range of 0.5 to 50 mM shifted the contraction threshold by 15 mV to less negative potentials. 17 mM Ca3+, a concentration having the same effect on contraction threshold as 0.5 mM La3+, increased membrane input resistance reversibly, shifted the action potential threshold by 16 mV to less negative potentials, and had only minor effects on action potential duration. Conduction was never blocked by Ca3+ as it was with 1 mM La3+. In the theoretical treatment, it is shown that the influence of Ca3+ on contraction threshold, but not that of La3+, may be accounted for by its screening and binding to negative surface charges according to the Gouy-Chapman theory of the diffuse double layer. To describe the action of La3+ on the contraction threshold an additional interaction of La3+ with neutral but amphoteric sites was considered. PMID- 6974246 TI - Severe mental handicap in Northern Ireland. AB - A retrospective study was made of all individuals with severe mental handicap (IQ less than 50) in Northern Ireland who are resident in institutions and in the community. Some 4,701 individuals were ascertained and the annual prevalence rate based on the period 1950-69 was 3.67 per 1,000 live births. Classification of individuals by cause into genetic, environmental and unknown groups shows an increase in the genetic group and a decline in the unknown group. This is thought to be due to increases in medical knowledge rather than to any real biological change. The annual prevalence rates for the years 1950-69 exhibit no definite decline. The most common causes of severe mental handicap are Down syndrome, conditions associated with pregnancy and delivery and the recurrence of severe mental handicap in children born into families who already have one affected person with an IQ less than 40 of unknown aetiology. PMID- 6974247 TI - Mild mental retardation in children in a northern Swedish county. AB - A series of children with mild mental retardation (171 children, IQ 50-69) born in 1959-1970 in a northern Swedish county and registered by the Board for Provisions and Services to the Mentally Retarded were analysed retrospectively. The mean annual incidence of mild mental retardation in registered children alive at the age of one year decreased during the period 1959-1970 and for the whole period was 4.2 per 1000, compared with 3.9 per 1000 for severe mental retardation in the same period of time and area. Ten children once classified as mildly mentally retarded made considerable intellectual progress and after some time no longer needed special help from the authorities. There was a pronounced male excess in the total series (1.8:1) and in all the main aetiological groups. Only small differences were found in mean birth weights, gestational age and maternal age in the main aetiological groups. In the series as a whole, however, there was an increased frequency of children small for gestational age. Prenatal causes were considered relevant in 43 per cent, perinatal in 7 per cent, and postnatal in 5 per cent. In 2 per cent there was a psychosis. In 43 per cent the aetiology could not be traced. Genetic causes were found in 31 per cent; in 8 per cent there was a chromosomal aetiology, in a further 8 per cent a mutant gene disorder and in 15 per cent the aetiology were considered multifactorial, i.e. at least one first-degree relative also had mental retardation and in both cases the cause of the retardation was unknown. Thirty per cent of the children had associated CNS handicaps, epilepsy (16 per cent) being the most frequent. PMID- 6974248 TI - An unusual case of Hemophilus influenzae infection. PMID- 6974249 TI - Histiocytosis X of the head and neck. AB - This paper reviews retrospectively the otolaryngological manifestations of 48 cases of histiocytosis X treated at The Montreal Children's Hospital. Age incidence in these cases compared with other series; and ther was a female preponderance. If temporal bone lesions plus other skull lesions are included in otolaryngological manifestations of histiocytosis X, then on workup evidence of disease was found in the head and neck in 38 of 48 patients (80 per cent). An ENT problem was the presenting compliant in only some of these. If only temporal bone lesions are included, then 17 of 48 (40 per cent) had head and neck involvement. The prognosis became poorer as the disease progressed. PMID- 6974250 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafts in 109 autopsied patients. Statistical analysis of graft and anastomosis patency and regional myocardial injury. AB - The natural history of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs) is poorly understood. In 109 hearts with CABGs, examined after postmortem coronary arteriography and fixation in distention from patients autopsied at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, we studied the 236 grafted coronary arteries for graft and anastomosis patency and operative myocardial injury in the distribution of the distal anastomosis. Of the 30 patients who died at operation, 71 of 72 (99%) had patent grafts; of 61 who died within one month, 120 of 131 (92%) had patent grafts; and of 18 who died one to 70 months after surgery 20 of 33 (61%) had patent grafts. The distal anastomosis site was open in 184 of 211 (87%) patent grafts but in only 13 of 25 (52%) nonpatent grafts. Regional contraction-band necrosis was found in 83 of 184 (45%) with patent graft and distal anastomosis, but in only 11 of 52 (21%) that were closed. Five closed distal anastomoses, but none that were open, had coagulation necrosis. Since the introduction of cold potassium chloride cardioplegia, significantly less regional contraction-band necrosis (19 of 79) (24%) was found than before (80 of 157) (51%). The results of this study show less CABG patency in long-term survivors; association of regional contraction-band necrosis with patent grafts and of coagulation necrosis with closed grafts; and less operative myocardial injury with current surgical technique. PMID- 6974251 TI - Histiocytosis X with pericardial effusion. PMID- 6974252 TI - Vitamin A inhibits some aspects of systemic disease due to local x-radiation. AB - We have previously reported that supplemental vitamin A ameliorates the stress response to a wide variety of noxious agents. The present study was carried out to determine how supplemental vitamin A influences the course of radiation sickness in C3H female mice subjected to 3000 R irradiation of one lower hind limb. All mice ingested a chow diet containing about 13,000 units of vitamin A/kg diet (about half as preformed vitamin A and half as beta-carotene) which supports normal growth, development, and reproduction of normal mice. One hundred fifty thousand units of vitamin A/kg chow was added for the vitamin A supplemented mice. All mice ate and drank ad libitum. The supplemental vitamin A feeding was begun either 3 days before radiation or immediately after radiation. There were no significant differences in the effects of these two regimens. The supplemental vitamin A prevented the weight loss, moderated the adrenal hypertrophy, prevented the thymic involution, and lessened the lymphopenia due to radiation. We conclude that supplemental vitamin A has both prophylactic and therapeutic benefits in radiation-induced disease. PMID- 6974253 TI - [Anesthesia for a patient with von Willebrand's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974254 TI - [A case of severe aplastic anemia having T lymphocytes which suppressed both CFU E colony formation and immunoglobulin production in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974255 TI - [Transverse section trunk scanning with Tomogscanner II (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974256 TI - [Computed tomography combined with gas cisternography for the diagnosis of expanding lesions in the cerebellopontine angle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974257 TI - [Plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrine disorder (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974258 TI - [Two cases of arrector pili nevus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974259 TI - [Electron microscopic studies on the intracellular granules in syringomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974261 TI - An easy quantitative cytotoxicity assay using a Coulter Counter. AB - A rapid and reproducible cytotoxicity assay using an electronic particle counter, such as a Coulter Counter, is described. With anti-BAtheta antiserum and mouse thymocytes as target cells, comparable, but more objective results than those by the ordinary dye exclusion method were obtained in a short time. The procedure is very simple: Cells in a plastic multi-well plate are first exposed to antibody and complement or other cytolytic conditions and then Pronase E is added to each well to digest dead cells completely. Then the nuclei of remaining viable cells are liberated from the cytoplasm and cell debris by solubilization with Zap Oglobin and counted in the counter. Under these conditions, contaminating erythrocytes do not cause interference, because they are completely solubilized with Zap-Oglobin. This technique should be useful for measurements on numerous samples, such as in monitoring chromatograms of cytotoxic activity and titrating antibody and complement. PMID- 6974262 TI - Characteristics of xenograft rejection. I. Augmented cytotoxicity of peritoneal T cells after intraperitoneal injection of booster antigen and/or proteose peptone. AB - Cytotoxic activity was detected by the 51 CR-release test in peritoneal exudate (PE) cells of mice immunized with rat lymphocytes 5 days previously, but not in their spleen or lymph node cells. This activity appeared to be exerted by cytotoxic T cells, which had the same characteristics as those for allogeneic systems in respect to antigen specificity and time course. An intraperitoneal booster with rat lymphocytes 2 days before the assay effectively enhanced the cytotoxic activity of PE cells. When mice were immunized with rat lymphocytes subcutaneously or intravenously, cytotoxic activity was scarcely detected in PE cells. However, significant activity was detected in PE cells when the immunized mice were injected intraperitoneally with proteose peptone 2 days before the assay. PMID- 6974263 TI - Characteristics of xenograft. II. Cytostatic effector mechanism for xenograft rejection. AB - Cytolytic activity was detected by the 51 Cr-release test with Concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated rat lymphocytes, when peritoneal exudate (PE) cells were obtained from mice immunized by intraperitoneal injection of rat lymphocytes. Such PE cells did not exert cytolytic activity on rat tumor cells. When mice were immunized with mitomycin C-treated rat tumor cells, their PE cells exerted low or negligible degrees of cytolytic activity on both types of target cells. When cytostatic activity was assayed by inhibition of the incorporation of 125 IUDR into rat tumor cells, the activity was detected in the whole PE cells of mice immunized with rat lymphocytes or tumor cells but not in their spleen or glass nonadherent PE cells. Mouse tumor cells were also sensitive to the cytostatic activity of such a cell population. Normal AKR PE cells became cytostatic to rat tumor cells, when they were exposed to the supernatants prepared from the culture containing immune PE cells and antigens. The supernatants alone did not exert cytostatic activity. PMID- 6974260 TI - [HLA-DR antigen in pemphigus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974264 TI - The secondary cytotoxic response to allogeneic cells: the specificity of secondary cytotoxic effectors differs from that of primary effectors. AB - Following priming with alloantigen in vivo, a secondary cytotoxic activity of AKR mice (H-2k) was generated by in vitro stimulation with the same alloantigen. Such secondary effectors could lyse not only targets of a sensitizing haplotype but also third-party targets unrelated to sensitizing or responding cells. Such cross reactive cytotoxicity of AKR secondary effectors were demonstrated not only by stimulation with C57BL/6 (H-2b) cells but also with C3H/He (H-2k) cells. It was observed that such cross-reactive secondary cytotoxicity was mediated by T lymphocytes, and required protein synthesis in secondary culture. These results suggested the possibility that the antigen receptors on such secondary cytotoxic effector cells have different recognitive specificity from that on primary cytotoxic effector cells. PMID- 6974265 TI - [A case of arterio-venous malformation of the rectum: presenting with similar findings of hemorrhoidal bleeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974266 TI - [Hybrid emission computed tomograph for brain study and its clinical applications (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974267 TI - [Radionuclide computed tomography (RCT) of the liver using a rotating chair (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974268 TI - Relationship between membrane potential and calcium ion fluxes in the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The relation between membrane potential and Ca2+ fluxes in the skeletal fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) was investigated using cyanine dye (diS C3-(5) as a potential probe. Change of membrane potential and Ca2+ release from FSR were induced by changing the ionic composition of the medium. When the medium was changed from K-gluconate to Tris-gluconate, a large fluorescence intensity change was observed, while no Ca2+ release occurred. On the other hand, when the medium was changed from K-gluconate to KCl, Ca2+ release occurred notwithstanding a relatively small fluorescence intensity change. This KCl-induced Ca2+ release from FSR was inhibited by the addition of sucrose. Also, the presence of both permeable anion and cation was required for induction of Ca2+ release. These results suggest that there is no correlation between "depolarization" and Ca2+ release. Ca2+ uptake by FSR created the positive-inside potential which was reversed by the application of Ca2+ ionophore A23187. The addition of valinomycin or nigericin, and the replacement of Cl- with gluconate-affected potential formation. These facts suggest that Ca2+ uptake is accompanied by K+ efflux and/or Cl- influx for partial compensation of the change. PMID- 6974269 TI - Desensitization of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor of atrium in bullfrogs. AB - The membrane of bullfrog atrial muscle is hyperpolarized by an increase of K+ conductance in carbachol-containing Ringer solution. The present experiment demonstrated that both the membrane hyperpolarization and K+ conductance increase showed a decay during prolonged application of carbachol, suggesting desensitization of the muscarinic receptor. Such a decay of the membrane conductance increase was also observed when the membrane potential was clamped at the level of the K+ equilibrium potential; no net flow of K+ across the membrane was expected under such a condition. When carbachol was withdrawn from the external solution after its application for 5-10 min, both the membrane potential and conductance quickly returned to normal control values within 3-4 min, suggesting that the ionic distribution across the membrane also returned to normal. Under such a condition, however, the response to a second application of carbachol was depressed for an extended period. Similarly, decay of the response was observed when carbachol was applied repeatedly for a short period with a short time interval. These results suggested that the muscarinic receptor of the present preparation shows desensitization to carbachol. Similar results were obtained with acetylcholine. The rate of onset of desensitization to carbachol was very slow compared with that of the end-plate; the half-time was 6.62 +/- 2.24 min (mean +/- SD, n=13). This rate, however, was dependent on the membrane potential level and the Ca2+ concentration in the external solution, as in the case of the end-plate, suggesting that the molecular mechanism of desensitization occurring at the receptor-ionic channel complex of the muscarinic receptor of the atrial muscle was comparable with that of the nicotinic receptor of the end plate. PMID- 6974270 TI - Aortic valve replacement in patients with poor ventricular function-early and late results with long-term follow-up. AB - A series of 62 consecutive patients with an ejection fraction of 0.4 or less (mean 0.28 with a range from 0.10 to 0.40; 22 between 0.10 and 0.20, 18 between 0.21 and 0.30, and 22 between 0.31 and 0.40) who underwent aortic valve replacement from January 18, 1972 to December 20, 1976 was reviewed. Preoperatively two patients were in Class II, 35 in Class III and 25 in Class IV of the New York Heart Association functional classification (N.Y.H.A.). Thirty nine patients (Group 1) underwent isolated aortic valve replacement and 23 patients (Group 2) underwent aortic valve replacement with associated procedures including aortocoronary bypass in 15. The operative mortality was 8 percent in Group 1, 17 percent in Group 2, and 11 percent overall. In the group of 15 patients with coronary artery disease, the operative mortality of aortic valve replacement and aorto-coronary bypass was 27 percent. Since January 1974, isolated aortic valve replacement was performed with no operative deaths in 25 consecutive patients in Group 1 including 10 patients with an ejection fraction of 0.2 or less. Five-year survival rates were 70 percent in Group 1, 64 percent in Group 2 and 68 percent overall. In the 38 currently living patients, 32 showed clinical improvement and 27 are in Class I or II of N.Y.H.A. In conclusion, isolated aortic valve replacement can be performed with a low mortality and a high survival rate in patients with impaired left ventricular function. PMID- 6974271 TI - Arteriovenous malformation of the ileum with chronic intestinal bleeding. AB - A 47 year old man had a ten year history of intestinal bleeding due to arteriovenous malformation of the distal ileum. Selective angiography is the most reliable technique for the diagnosis of the lesion and a correct diagnosis was not made until th selective superior mesenteric arteriography was done after repetitive laparotomy and intestinal resection. Transcatheter embolization was transiently successful. This case seemed to belong to type 2 according to Moore's classification and was probably of congenital origin. PMID- 6974272 TI - [The significance of lymphocytic infiltration in urologic tumors: studies of distributions of B and T-lymphocytes and its subsets, and functional analysis of the infiltrating lymphocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974273 TI - Relationship of leukocyte numbers, immunoregulatory cell function, and phytohemagglutinin responsiveness in cancer patients. AB - Leukocytes were quantitated in peripheral blood from 35 solid-tumor cancer patients and related to levels of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced DNA synthesis. Levels of glass-adherent, indomethacin-sensitive, or 24-hour preculture-sensitive immunoregulatory activity were evaluated in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Cancer patients and patients with depressed PHA responses had significantly greater monocyte percentages in their PBMC than did healthy subjects; patients with normal PHA responses did not. Patients with disseminated disease had significantly greater monocyte percentages and depressed T-cell percentages than did controls; patients with at most minimum residual disease did not. When monocyte and lymphocyte percentages were correlated by linear regression analysis to PHA responsiveness, no significant correlation was found. A highly significant negative correlation was noted between PHA responsiveness and levels of immunoregulatory cell function. Abnormal immunoregulatory function, apart from alterations in peripheral blood leukocyte percentages and numbers contributes to impaired T-cell function in cancer patients. PMID- 6974278 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by rupture of an aneurysm of the pancreaticoduodenal artery]. PMID- 6974275 TI - T-cell-mediated antitumor immune response induced by oncofetal antigens. AB - The possibility that fetal antigens take part in tumor immunity has been investigated to a limited extent, but the results of these studies have been controversial. It is not clear that tumor inhibition shown in some systems is due to an immune reaction. In the present study, performed in a weakly immunogenic tumor system (Lewis T241 fibrosarcoma in inbred C57BL/6J mice), immunization of mice with syngeneic fetal cells resulted in striking inhibition of growth and metastases of tumors. Mice that had gone through single pregnancies also showed a decreased rate of tumor growth and tumor metastases. Further studies have shown that the tumor inhibitory response evoked by fetal cell immunization is due to fetal antigens, and the male specific HY antigen is not responsible for antitumor response. Injection of tumor cells mixed with spleen cells from mice immunized with syngeneic fetal cells into normal mice resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth and metastases in the Winn neutralization assay. Syngeneic fetal cells, normal adult spleen cells, or spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice immunized with allogeneic fetal cells did not inhibit tumor growth or metastases. These results show that tumor inhibition following fetal cell immunization is due to an immune reaction and is not due to a nonimmune physiologic process. Further analysis of effector cells showed them to be of the T-cell type. PMID- 6974276 TI - The role of two distinct accessory cells in T lymphocyte activation by concanavalin A. PMID- 6974274 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor on proliferation of human tumor cells in soft agar. AB - The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast feeder layers on the proliferation of human tumor cells in soft agar was examined. The addition of EGF to medium supporting growth of tumor cells significantly increased (P less than or equal to 0.02) the number of colonies grown from the cells of 36 to 58 patients (62%) with a variety of neoplasms. The increase in the number of colonies was dependent on the concentration of EGF and was maximal at a concentration of 50 ng EGF/ml. The addition of glucocorticoids did not potentiate the effect of EGF. Lethally irradiated fibroblast feeder layers alone only slightly increased the number of colonies. However, the addition of fibroblasts to cultures significantly increased the mitogenic effect of EGF. The results suggest that a proportion of epithelial-derived tumors retain responsiveness in vitro to physiologic growth regulators such as EGF. PMID- 6974280 TI - [Leiomyoma of the middle of the jejunum leading to repeated hemorrhages]. PMID- 6974277 TI - [Sclerosing therapy of esophageal varices with ferromagnetic fluid in a constant magnetic field in portal hypertension complicated by hemorrhage]. PMID- 6974279 TI - [Changes in the content of peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes in complicated duodenal ulcer after selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 6974281 TI - [Our experience with autovenous aortocoronary bypass in myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 6974284 TI - A study of estimation of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin in various forms of leprosy. AB - Study of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin by agar gel electrophoresis was carried out in 25 patients of various forms of leprosy including 9 cases of Erythema nodosum leprosum, and was compared with findings in 25 healthy controls. The level of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin in healthy subjects ranged from 211 mg% to 602 mg% with a mean level of 290.92 mg% +/- 86.82 mg, have p value 0.1, while in leprosy patients of various types ranged from 129 mg% to 702 mg% with mean level of 405.84 mg% +/- 152.70. Nine patients of lepromatous leprosy with ENL had marked elevation of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin and level was 376 to 720 mg% with a mean level of 562.65% +/- 106.62, statistically significant. PMID- 6974283 TI - [Deposition of microorganisms in the peripheral blood in internal diseases]. PMID- 6974286 TI - Long-term results following coronary bypass operation. Importance of preoperative actors and complete revascularization. AB - The initial 102 patients who underwent aorta-coronary bypass grafting between 1969 and 1971 were followed for a mean of 96 months (minimum follow-up 7 years). Preoperative variables predictive of survival at 5 years were stability of angina, previous heart failure, and left ventricular function. Stability of angina, previous heart failure, previous myocardial infarction, and smoking were important predictors of symptomatic status at 5 years. At operation, 62 patients had anatomic or technically complete revascularization, whereas 40 had incomplete revascularization. There was a significantly improved survival rate in those patients who were completely revascularized. The 5 year survival rate was 84% for completely revascularized patients compared to 96% for incompletely revascularized patient (p less than 0.02). This improvement in survival was continued to 9 years. There was also a significant improvement in asymptomatic status of the completely revascularized patients compared to the incompletely revascularized patients. At 2 years, 75% of the completely revascularized subjects were asymptomatic compared to 45% of the incompletely revascularized patients. However, this difference disappeared after 5 years. Thus complete myocardial revascularization is superior to incomplete revascularization in terms of survival and asymptomatic state. Preoperative variables may be useful in predicting postoperative results. PMID- 6974285 TI - Halothane and morphine-nitrous oxide anesthesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operation. Patterns of intraoperative ischemia. AB - To examine whether the hemodynamic responses to halothane or morphine-nitrous oxide anesthesia produce different patterns of myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization, we studied 26 patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide (50%) and either halothane (0.2% to 1.0% end-tidal concentration) or morphine (2 mg/kg, given intravenously). We measured systemic and coronary hemodynamics and took blood samples to measure blood gases, oxygen content, and lactate and norepinephrine concentrations. Systemic blood pressure, rate-pressure produce, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, and stroke work were elevated following sternotomy in patients anesthetized with morphine, whereas halothane obtunded these hemodynamic responses to surgical stress. Intraoperative myocardial ischemia occurred in both patient groups. Ten of 14 patients receiving halothane and eight of 12 receiving morphine had at least one episode of either ST-segment depression or myocardial lactate production. The difference between these groups was not statistically significant. Only patients anesthetized with morphine had a significantly elevated rate-pressure product when ischemia occurred. In this selected series of patients subjected to myocardial revascularization, two sustained a myocardial infarction and four died in the postoperative period. The incidence of these and other indices of postoperative morbidity was not related to choice of primary anesthetic and did not differ between the patients who sustained ischemia and those who did not. PMID- 6974282 TI - [Stress-metabolism after myocardial infarction-demonstrated by means of the behaviour of plasma proteins with short half-life (author's transl)]. AB - The kinetics of plasma proteins with short half-life during stress-metabolism in patients after myocardial infarction with and without clinical complications and after angina pectoris were compared. The acute-phase proteins alpha1-antitrypsin, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and the transport proteins prealbumin and transferrin were analyzed with the method of radial immunodiffusion. Whereas angina pectoris doesn't influence the protein kinetics, one can recognize after myocardial infarction a continuous increase of the acute phase proteins to maxima between the 3rd and 5th day after the attack. Parallel to these changes, the transport proteins decrease with subsequent increase. The changes, which are similar to those seen after surgical trauma, are dependent on the severity of illness, and can be used as prognostic parameters. During stress metabolism, the concentrations of the proteins depending on nutrition, prealbumin and transferrin, are modified by the type and severity of stress, and by nutritional influences. The mechanisms of these changes and the consequences for their use as diagnostic parameters are discussed. PMID- 6974288 TI - [Life-threatening upper gastro-intestinal bleeding in gallstone ileus]. PMID- 6974287 TI - [Drug sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from children with otorhinolaryngologic diseases]. PMID- 6974289 TI - [Advantages and risks in metrizamide-meatocisternography (author's transl)]. AB - Meatocisternography with iodinated lipoid contrast media has been proven one of the most reliable diagnostic methods in the evaluation of small cerebellopontine angle tumors. Use of this kind of positive contrast media, however, has certain disadvantages. Some of these disadvantages can be avoided using water soluble contrast medium. Possible adverse reactions demand premedication and clinical observation over a period of 24 hours. PMID- 6974290 TI - [Vascularization of the Papilla Vateri and bleeding risk of papillotomy (author's transl)]. AB - The vascularization of the Papilla Vateri was investigated by angiography, histology and morphometry in 55 samples obtained at autopsy; four main types may be distinguished. The bleeding risk accompanying endoscopic papillotomy in general is low because of the anatomy of the arterial supply of the papilla. The average diameter of the vessels in the plexus arteriosus papillae is about 0,98 mm, it is only 0,43 mm in the proximal part of the papilla (that is to say, the part adhering to the bile duct). The arteria retroduodenalis crosses the ductus choledochus on the average 37.5 mm from the tip of the papilla. In rare cases more excessive arterial bleeding may occur, since there is a crossing of the arteria retroduodenalis through the region of papillotomy in about 4% of the cases. A high bleeding risk exists during 8 days after the first of a multiple step papillotomy procedure, since during this period vascularization of the granulating tissue is still extensive. PMID- 6974291 TI - An unusual pair of deaths. PMID- 6974292 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the colon, cirrhosis, coagulation changes and digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6974293 TI - Results of treatment of 127 patients with systemic histiocytosis. PMID- 6974294 TI - Prealbumin levels and alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6974296 TI - Regulatory factors of lymphocyte-lymphocyte interaction. I. Con A-induced mitogenic factor acts on the late G1 stage of T-cell proliferation. AB - DNA synthesis in murine lymphocytes was augmented by a soluble factor in the supernatant of serum-free cultures of syngeneic spleen cells activated with concanavalin A (Con A). This so-called mitogenic factor (MF), which is probably identical with interleukin II, partially purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-75 chromatography, is a fairly homogeneous molecule of 17-25 X 10(3) daltons. By using partially purified MF, the role of MF in lymphocyte proliferation was investigated. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with Con A for the first 3 hr of culture, which does not in itself induce cell proliferation, markedly augmented the effect of MF. The presence of MF, however, is necessary only in a restricted stage(s) of lymphocyte proliferation. The addition and removal of MF at various times during culture showed that MF exerts its effect on a process which occurs 3 6 hr before the beginning of DNA synthesis. These results strongly suggest that MF regulates the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes by acting on a restricted stage(s) of the cell cycle. PMID- 6974295 TI - Temporal and spatial distributions of red cell velocity in capillaries of resting skeletal muscle, including estimates of red cell transit times. PMID- 6974298 TI - Nonconjugative plasmid with ampicillin resistance isolated from Haemophilus influenzae in Japan. PMID- 6974297 TI - Regulatory mechanism of delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. III. In vitro analysis of memory T cells involved in augmentation of DTH responses. AB - The memory of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), manifested by the augmented responsiveness upon challenge with alum-absorbed ovalbumin (OA), was induced in mice primed 7 days, 21 days, or 90 days previously with 1 microgram of reduced and alkylated OA. The memory cells involved in the augmentation of DTH responses were analyzed in the in vitro induction system of T cells which mediate DTH against OA. Spleen cells from the primed mice generated DTH-effector T cells (DTH Te) in a significantly accelerated fashion, compared with unprimed spleen cells, when cultured with OA. The accelerated generation of DTH-Te in vitro was induced antigen specifically and was dependent on a certain T cell population in the primed spleen. The T cell population was found in the spleen of primed mice for at least 3 months after priming, corresponding to the persistence of DTH-memory in vivo. Moreover, it was fractionated in the high-density layer by discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradient centrifugation. The high-density cell population decreased in density with increase in the time of culture and developed into DTH Te, which were separated in the low-density layer on day 4 of culture. These results indicate that the T cells involved in the accelerated generation of DTH Te in vitro are long-lived DTH-memory T cells, which are probably precursor cells, capable of differentiating into DTH-Te upon challenge with the antigen. PMID- 6974301 TI - Distribution of R plasmids conferring a permeability barrier to cephalosporins on bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. PMID- 6974299 TI - Correlation between production of inflammatory substances and generation of effector T cells mediating delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. AB - In vitro exposure to human serum albumin (HSA) of splenic lymphocytes from mice sensitized for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against HSA resulted in the release of substances that could induce a footpad inflammatory reaction with a maximum of 6 hr after injection into normal mice. The substances were fractionated mainly in a molecular weight range of 30,000 to 70,000 daltons on Sephadex G-200. The ability of sensitized lymphocytes to produce the substances was dependent on T cells, was antigen specific, and correlated well with the ability of the lymphocytes to mediate DTH reactions. Moreover, the substances were produced efficiently by the DTH effector cell population generated in the in vitro culture system and also by the effector cell-enriched fractions on discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradients. These results suggest that the substances are produced by DTH-effector cells. PMID- 6974300 TI - Analysis of human T-cell antigens by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - One- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed on immunoprecipitates formed between anti-human T-cell xeno-antiserum (ATS) and cell-surface glycoproteins of human lymphocytes, that had been radioiodinated by lactoperoxidase and purified on a Lentil lectin-coupled Sepharose 4B column. In some experiments, the cells were 3H-labeled by periodate-tritiated borohydride. ATS that was absorbed with B cells recognized a number of cell-surface antigens expressed preferentially on human thymus and T cells, with molecular weights of 150K (T150), 94K (T94), 72K (T72), and 65K (T65) daltons. Whereas T150 appeared to consist of multiple components of heavily sialylated glycoproteins and to be expressed largely on thymus and T cells, and to a much lesser extent on B cells, the remaining T94, T72, and T65 glycoproteins seemed to be present on thymus and T cells but absent from B cells. Two-dimensional PAGE analysis of these T-cell glycoproteins precipitated by ATS demonstrated that T94 was an acidic glycoprotein with pI of 4, while T72 and T65, the latter being found on thymus and T cells but not on T cell-type leukemic cells, exhibited marked electric charge heterogeneity with pI ranging from 4 to 7. These data clearly suggest that human thymus and T cells possess a complex antigenic make-up on their cell surfaces, comparable to that of mouse T cells with a variety of Ly antigen systems. PMID- 6974302 TI - High-dose co-trimoxazole and its penetration through uninflamed meninges. AB - Normal doses of co-trimoxazole (two ampoules or two tablets twice a day) gave low cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in neurosurgical patients. For two years, four ampoules of co-trimoxazole twice a day, followed by four tablets twice a day, which were administered to neurosurgical patients and to patients admitted to hospital with skull fractures, produced no toxicity and this regimen has not been associated with postoperative meningitis. After the high-dose regimen in patients with uninflamed meninges, trimethoprim concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid ranged from 2.6 mumol/L to 12.4 mumol/L (0.75 mg/L to 3.6 mg/L), and in the serum from 9.6 mumol/L to 42.7 mumol/L (2.8 mg/L to 12.4 mg/L). However, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of the spinal fluids and sera were very variable, some with high concentrations appearing to have negligible antibacterial activity in vitro. We have treated a few patients with serious infections with dosages of 12 ampoules or 12 tablets twice a day with successful results. Studies of serum folate, 5 methyltetrahydrofolate and granulocyte dihydrofolate reductase levels showed no toxic effects from the high-dose regimen. PMID- 6974303 TI - Enteric-coated pelletized aspirin. Gastrointestinal blood loss and bioavailability. AB - Eleven patients suffering from arthritis received, in a randomized cross-over study, anti-inflammatory doses of two aspirin formulations: Enpryn, capsules containing enteric-coated pellets; Rhusal, an enteric-coated tablet. No significant difference was found between the two formulations with respect to gastrointestinal microbleeding, plasma salicylate levels and urinary recovery of salicylate. Bioavailability studies carried out on 10 healthy male volunteers demonstrated that absorption from the enteric-coated pellet capsules was sustained and complete. PMID- 6974304 TI - Prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding from acute erosive gastritis. PMID- 6974307 TI - Vaccination against autoimmune encephalomyelitis with T-lymphocyte line cells reactive against myelin basic protein. PMID- 6974306 TI - Meningitis after lumbar puncture in children with bacteremia. PMID- 6974305 TI - Endoscopic prediction of recurrent bleeding in peptic ulcers. AB - We performed endoscopy within 24 hours of admission in 292 unselected patients admitted to the hospital for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In 132 patients endoscopy revealed peptic ulcers, and in 117 full examination of the crater was possible. Visible vessels were identified in 56 patients (48 per cent); other stigmata of recent bleeding (such as oozing from the ulcer crater) were present in 21 (18 per cent), and no stigmata in 40 (34 per cent). Among the patients with either visible vessels or other stigmata of recent bleeding, 47 were randomly selected to be observed (without treatment) for evidence of further bleeding. Nineteen of 34 patients with visible vessels (56 per cent) had rebleeding, as compared with one of 13 (8 per cent) with other stigmata of recent hemorrhage; no patients with ulcers without visible vessels or other stigmata of recent hemorrhage bled further. We conclude that after bleeding occurs, visible vessels can be identified in a much higher proportion of ulcers than previously reported, and that rebleeding occurs almost exclusively in this type of ulcer, although only half the ulcers with visible vessels do in fact bleed further. PMID- 6974308 TI - Combined attack. PMID- 6974309 TI - Size-dependent variation of nodal properties in myelinated nerve. PMID- 6974310 TI - Premeiotic genome exclusion during oogenesis in the common edible frog, Rana esculenta. PMID- 6974312 TI - [Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNS) in the treatment of chronic neurological pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974311 TI - Immune status in untreated cervical cancer patients. AB - Eighty untreated cervical carcinoma patients were tested for their immune status by evaluating levels of circulating T and B lymphocytes and lymphocyte reactivity to PHA. Significant reduction in T lymphocytes and depressed lymphocyte reactivity to PHA was observed following the progression of the disease. However, B lymphocyte levels remained unaffected. The general impairment observed in cell mediated immunity was found to be more pronounced in the disseminated disease than in the localized group. PMID- 6974314 TI - [Transformation of body scheme caused by thalamic stimulation. Thalamic stimulation for painful phantom limb (author's transl)]. AB - Intermittent stimulation of the parvo cellular portion of the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VLP) was able to control both pain and phantom limb phenomenon. The authors insist upon the transformation of the "body scheme" caused by an operation which does not alter the somesthesic function. The sensorial delusion of a phantom limb is probably related to an insufficiency of sensitive information at thalamus level. PMID- 6974313 TI - [Cerebellopontine angle chondroma. A report of one personal case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 1 case of cerebellopontine angle chondroma. In the World literature 12 cases are already described. They insist on the difficulty of the diagnosis and on the length of clinical evolution (12 years). The CT Scan will certainly transform this pathology by early detection of small tumors at extra dural stage. PMID- 6974315 TI - [Epidural stimulation for pain control (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty consecutive cases of internalized epidural stimulators are reviewed. All patients presented with the "failed disc syndrome" following multiple laminectomies. Transcutaneous insertion technique is discussed and results as well as complications are reviewed. Good results on pain, together with regaining normal physical activity occurred in 50% of the cases in the past two years. While patients with a lateralized pain syndrome fared well, a bilateral distribution of pain results in many failures. One post-operative infection required removal of the stimulator. In six cases, electrode movements were considered as the cause of failure. Epidural stimulation is indicated in the treatment of chronic pain. Better patient selection and decrease in electrode movements should improve the results in the future. PMID- 6974316 TI - [CT cisternography and CT ventriculography of intracranial cyst in children (author's transl)]. AB - Development of computerized tomography (CT) has greatly improved the ease and accuracy of identification of fluid-containing intracranial cavities. CT reveals the size, location of the cyst, associated brain disorders and relationship between the cyst and the subarachnoid space or the ventricular system. An accurate diagnosis by plain CT is sometimes difficult to obtain. It is important to determine whether the cysts communicate with the ventricular system or subarachnoid space for the selection of the surgical treatment. The cerebrospinal fluid dynamics was examined by CT cisternography and CT ventriculography using metrizamide injected into lumbar subarachnoid space or ventricular system in 27 children of intracranial cystic lesion during the last two years. Serial CT scanning and analysis of the CT number in the cystic cavity was performed according to the necessity. The preoperative knowledge of the location of the cysts and the CSF dynamics has been proved to be useful for the surgical treatment. CT cisternography and CT ventriculography would be regarded to be safe and reliable neuroradiological examinations in evaluating the CSF dynamics of the intracranial cystic lesion of children. PMID- 6974320 TI - [New horizons in balneologic establishments]. PMID- 6974318 TI - Quantitative analysis of hippocampal rhythmical slow activity induced by stimulation of different diencephalic structures. PMID- 6974319 TI - Intracranial intradural epidermoids and dermoids. Surgical results of 38 cases. AB - This report covers 38 Cases of intradural dermoids (4 cases) and epidermoids (34 cases). In most cases the clinical course extended over several years. At the time of admission to the clinic only 9 patients had purely local symptoms; symptoms from adjacent areas were present in 15 cases and elevated intracranial pressure in 13. Of the 35 operated patients, 16 were able to work again, and 7 died after the operation. Best results are achieved in cases involving young patients, in cases where the tumor is situated in the cerebral hemisphere, and in cases where the tumor can be totally removed. In recent years advances in diagnostic, surgical and anaesthetic techniques have lowered the lethality rate. Computed tomography is especially useful for an early diagnosis. PMID- 6974322 TI - Compositions: finding funds: knowing where to look. PMID- 6974317 TI - Multiloculated hydrocephalus in infants. AB - The clinical features and the neuroradiological appearance of multiloculated hydrocephalus that followed meningitis and ventriculitis in five newborn infants are presented. Several factors probably involved in the pathogenesis are discussed. Computed tomography is particularly helpful in the recognition of this entity and in the evaluation of its course. However, ventriculograms are advised to document the communication of the septated cavities. Of four infants treated by ventriculoatrial shunting, two died and two are mentally and neurologically disabled. Another infant, who underwent craniotomy and fenestration of the ventricular membranes, died accidentally 3 months after operation. In light of similar cases reported in the literature, the prognosis seems very poor. Craniotomy with fenestration of the ventricular septa seems a promising procedure, although further supportive evidence is needed. PMID- 6974321 TI - Anisatin, a potent GABA antagonist, isolated from Illicium anisatum. AB - The neuropharmacological properties of anisatin were tested on the frog spinal cord and the crude synaptic membrane from rat brain. Anisatin (10(-5) M) reduced the amplitude of dorsal root potentials induced by stimulation of the adjacent dorsal root and presynaptic inhibition of the ventral root reflex. Anisatin shifted the dose-response curve for GABA-induced depolarization in the primary afferent terminal to the right and also reduced the maximum response to GABA. [3H]Muscimol binding to the crude synaptic membrane was not inhibited by anisatin. These results indicate that anisatin is a picrotoxin-like, non competitive GABA-antagonist. PMID- 6974323 TI - Compositions: how to find a job that can help you continue your education. PMID- 6974324 TI - Compositions: too little money and too little time to continue your education? Not if you rearrange your priorities. PMID- 6974327 TI - Yes, you can change the system. PMID- 6974325 TI - Compositions: how a work-study program worked for Sarah Disser. PMID- 6974330 TI - Warning: legally unsafe. 6 common nursing practices you should avoid. PMID- 6974328 TI - What to do with crying, clinging, demanding, seductive, abusive, and withdrawn patients. PMID- 6974329 TI - Holistic nursing: how to make it work for you. PMID- 6974331 TI - Ready, set, review. PMID- 6974326 TI - Compositions: finding educational funds in Canada. PMID- 6974332 TI - Problem solving: when you need to confront other people (for your mutual benefit). PMID- 6974333 TI - How to help when a patient goes home to die. PMID- 6974334 TI - Variation in rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody assays in Auckland laboratories. PMID- 6974335 TI - Management of severe postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony using an analogue of prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - Twenty patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony who were unresponsive to conventional therapy were treated with 0.25-mg intramuscular injections of (15-S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha-tromethamine. A rapid and successful response was obtained in 18 patients. Two patients required surgical procedures to control bleeding. Both patients with treatment failure had chorioamnionitis. Side effects of the prostaglandin therapy included nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, a transient mild temperature elevation, and a transient moderate blood pressure elevation. Those subjects with preeclampsia did not demonstrate a serious elevation of blood pressure. The prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue appears to be very effective in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony. PMID- 6974336 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in the surface forms of ophthalmic herpes]. PMID- 6974338 TI - [Our experiences with electrotherapy of nocturnal enuresis]. PMID- 6974337 TI - Complications of severe bleeding in a patient with undiagnosed Factor XI deficiency. PMID- 6974340 TI - Effects of Cs on acetylcholine induced current. Is ik1 increased by acetylcholine in frog atrium? AB - 1.20 mM Cs+ ions reduce background current and decrease drastically the K+ depletion process, probably as a consequence of the reduction of iK1. The background current-voltage relationship becomes linear. 2. 20 mM Cs+ ions completely abolish the current induced by acetylcholine. 3. The possibility that the K+ current induced by acetylcholine is due to an increase of iK1 is discussed. PMID- 6974339 TI - [Current aspects of assessing the functional state of the hepatobiliary system in gastroduodenal diseases in children]. PMID- 6974341 TI - [Increase or not in the number of B-lymphocytes carriers of IgA in Berger's disease]. PMID- 6974342 TI - [Treatment of tabetic pain by neurostimulation of the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord]. PMID- 6974344 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in amniotic fluid in high risk late pregnancy. AB - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PSBG) levels in amniotic fluid were studied by radioimmunoassay in 70 normal and 90 high risk pregnancies between 34 and 41 weeks. Most values from high risk singleton pregnancies were within the normal range. Intra-uterine growth retardation (n = 22) was associated with normal amniotic fluid PSBG levels. In twin pregnancies, the amniotic fluid PSBG values were usually above the normal mean, but within the normal range. The average ratio between amniotic fluid and maternal serum PSBG concentrations was 1:16. Amniotic fluid PSBG concentration did not correlate with the maternal serum PSBG level, and no relationship with fetal distress, infant birth weight or length, sex or placental weight was observed. PMID- 6974343 TI - Pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin levels n amniotic fluid and maternal serum in the first half of pregnancy. AB - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PSBG) and chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were measured by radioimmunoassay in the amniotic fluid of 99 normal pregnancies, 19 pregnancies of women at risk of having another child with congenital nephrosis and 8 pregnancies in which the fetus had a neural tube defect. Maternal serum PSBG and HCG levels were estimated in 52 normal pregnancies and 15 pregnancies at risk for congenital nephrosis. Both amniotic fluid and maternal serum PSBG levels increased in either compartment after 14th week of pregnancy. There was a positive correlation between maternal serum and amniotic fluid PSBG concentrations (P less than 0.001), between maternal serum and amniotic fluid HCG concentrations (P less than 0.001), and between the amniotic fluid PSBG and HCG levels (P less than 0.05) at a given week of pregnancy (wk 15). On average the maternal serum PSBG level was 20-50 times and the HCG level 2-3 times the amniotic fluid level of normal pregnancies. In cases with a neural tube defect the amniotic fluid PSBG and HCG values were similar to those in normal pregnancy. In congenital nephrosis the amniotic fluid HCG concentration was higher than normal at 15-16 weeks of gestation (P less than 0.05), whereas the amniotic fluid PSBG concentration was normal. Thus, placental pathology in congenital nephrosis appears to be reflected as an increased amniotic fluid concentration of HCG in the second trimester. PMID- 6974345 TI - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of cerebellopontine tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974346 TI - [Internal iliac-superior mesenteric vein anastomosis in portal hypertension]. PMID- 6974347 TI - The pathology of T lymphocyte system. PMID- 6974348 TI - The T lymphocyte in infectious pathology. PMID- 6974349 TI - T-cell lymphomas. A cell origin-related classification on the basis of cytologic, immunologic, and enzyme cytochemical criteria. PMID- 6974350 TI - Clinical aspects on non-cutaneous T-lymphomas. PMID- 6974351 TI - T-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Main clinical and immunological features. PMID- 6974352 TI - The effects of piridinol carbamate on hypercholesteremia and aortal damage produced by 5 days' application of Altman's diet to the rat. AB - The Altman's diet applied for 5 days in rats produces hypercholesteremia and aortal degeneration with breaks of continuity of elastic fibres and deposition of calcium salts. Piridinol carbamate depresses the serum cholesterol level and given in a dose 3 mg/kg prevents the damage of elastic fibres. PMID- 6974355 TI - [Severe adverse drug reactions among medical inpatients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974353 TI - Influence of prostatic secretion protein on uptake of androgen-receptor complex in prostatic cell nuclei. AB - Prostatic secretion protein (PSP) is a major component of rat prostatic cytosol, and this protein is also found in the prostatic fluid. Purified PSP was found to inhibit the nuclear uptake of the [3H]methyltrienolone-receptor complex in vitro. Furthermore, purified PSP inhibited the binding of this androgen-receptor complex to DNA-cellulose. It is suggested that these effects of PSP may represent an intracellular control system regulating the concentration of PSP. Administration of estramustine, the dephosphorylated metabolite of the anti-cancer drug estramustine phosphate (Estracyt), to rats was found to decrease the weight of the prostate gland but to maintain the concentration of PSP, calculated as mg PSP/mg protein, at a constant level. In contrast, castration or administration of estradiol-17 beta valerate decreased the weight of the prostate gland as well as the concentration of PSP. These findings indicate that the mechanism of action of estramustine is at least partially different from that of estradiol-17 beta. Furthermore, it is suggested that estramustine may exert part of its action through its effects on the concentration of PSP. PMID- 6974354 TI - [The role of angiography in acute gastrointestinal bleeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974356 TI - [Characteristics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of children with 0-cells in the bone marrow and a predominance of T- or B-cells in the peripheral blood]. PMID- 6974357 TI - Effects of cardiovascular surgery on blood concentrations of taurine and amino acids. PMID- 6974358 TI - Surface morphology of the papilla and pelvis in mammalian kidneys. PMID- 6974359 TI - Optimal conditions for the study of surface topography of granulosa cell cultures. AB - The purpose of this study was to define optimal substrate conditions for permitting correlation of cell surface morphology with progesterone secretion by luteinized granulosa cells in vitro. Some 3-5 x 10(5) granulosa cells were obtained from preovulatory follicles of PMS-LH treated rats and plated upon carbon, poly-L-lysine or collagen-coated glass coverslips within plastic multiwells or upon Cytodex, Biosilon or poly-L-lysine coated Sephadex beads within siliconized glass roller tubes. Cells were maintained at 36.5 degrees C in 1.0 ml medium with and without 1.0 microgram purified prolactin (r, bPRL). Spent medium was assayed for progesterone by RIA. Cultures were processed for SEM observation of cell surface features. Results indicate that: 1) cells cultured in multiwells upon carbon, poly-L-lysine or glass grow as flattened monolayers but demonstrate considerable tearing distortion following routine processing for SEM, 2) cells cultured upon collagen-coated coverslips or microcarriers within roller tubes maintain a more spherical shape, exhibit the least distortion of surface fine structure and secrete increased amounts of progesterone in the presence of PRL. It is concluded that the use of Cytodex microcarriers for culturing granulosa cells permits optimal conditions for both progesterone secretion and maintenance of surface morphology. PMID- 6974360 TI - Effects of triamterene and its phase I and phase II metabolities on sodium transport of the isolated frog skin. AB - We studied the effects of triamterene (TA) on its phase I and phase II metabolites, p-hydroxytriamterene (OH-TA) and p-hydroxytriamterene sulfuric acid ester (OH-TA ester), on sodium transport in the isolated frog skin. While TA applied to the inside (corial side) surface had no effects on potential difference (PD) and short-circuit current (SCC), TA, OH-TA, and OH-TA ester at a concentration of 10(-5) mol/l significantly decreased SCC by 19, 24 and 16%, respectively, when added to the solution bathing the outside (epithelial side) surface of the skin. In vasopressin-treated skins TA was more effective than OH TA or OH-TA ester. In aldosterone-treated skins all compounds significantly suppressed SCC, the strongest effect was again exerted by TA. Only minor and transient changes in PD were noted. Inhibition of sodium transport was rapidly reversible when skins were washed with fresh Ringer solution. Thus, OH-TA and OH TA ester possess qualitatively similar pharmacological activity as TA. The quantitatively smaller effects of OH-TA and OH-TA ester in the hormone-stimulated skin as compared to TA agrees well with their relative natriuretic potency observed in vivo. PMID- 6974361 TI - Surgical procedures for the relief of pain. PMID- 6974362 TI - Auto-antibodies in affective disorders. PMID- 6974363 TI - [The indications for neuroradiologic examination methods after the introduction of computer tomography]. AB - In a short survey, empirical values are presented in a comparative assessment of computer-tomographical and conventional neuroradiological examination programmes. The demand for subtle clinical preliminary examinations and systematic establishment of indications is just as true of computer tomography as it is of other instrumental methods. If possible, however, non-invasive examination methods should be given preference. PMID- 6974365 TI - [Results of an electroencephalographic cross-sectional study of 2- to 4-year-old children after risk-birth in comparison with to normal-birth children of the same age]. AB - The results of an one time electroencephalographic transversal examination of 146 children with syndrome of intrauterine asphyxia aged from 3 to 4 years are compared with the EEG-findings of 87 children of the same age born normally. 82,9% of the 146 children with higher damage susceptibility and 64,4% of the children of the comparison group have an EEG corresponding to the standard criterions of this age group. 8,2% of the children with higher damage susceptibility and 18,4% of the children born normally show in their resting electroencephalogram focal findings with and without spikes or generalized spike potentials. The results indicate, that by reason of the breadth of variation between normal and pathological EEG-findings in infancy data of the type and frequency of pathological EEG-features have only a value if they are compared with the results obtained from healthy children of the same age. PMID- 6974364 TI - [Effects of computer tomography on the indications and diagnostic strategy in important neurologic disease groups]. AB - The revolutionary nature of the computer tomography requires new strategies in the diagnosis of neurological diseases. Only a differentiated examination plan can promise maximum success. This plan is determined for each indication under consideration of the clinical pictures including its acuity. Non-invasive examination methods including computer tomography are completed by invasive pre operative examinations. PMID- 6974366 TI - [Radiological appearance of neoplastic and inflammatory changes of the small intestine. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - Accuracy and efficiency of small bowel enteroclysis by means of a roller pump is demonstrated in patients with neoplastic and inflammatory small bowel disease. PMID- 6974368 TI - Three-dimensional regional cerebral blood perfusion images with single-photon emission computed tomography. AB - Twenty-seven patients were studied for cerebral blood perfusion abnormalities using krypton 81m. A solution of 81mKr was continuously infused into an internal carotid artery, and single-photon emission computed tomograms were recorded. The transverse section images using 81mKr represented the three-dimensional regional cerebral blood perfusion, and this technique seemed to be useful for evaluating the regional cerebral blood perfusion in the deep brain. PMID- 6974367 TI - Further clinical and radiological features in metaphyseal chondrodysplasia Jansen type. AB - A case of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia Jansen Type is reported. Clinical and radiological features of this case are presented, and are compared with the 12 cases of this syndrome that have been previously reported. PMID- 6974369 TI - Better delineation of pulmonary perfusion defect by the single photon emission computed tomography (case report). PMID- 6974372 TI - [Embolization of the splenic artery for treatment of acute "cor pulmonale" following selective portal decompression in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6974370 TI - [Radiological study of chronic superficial gastritis]. PMID- 6974371 TI - [Operable breast cancer. Study of 5-year survival in 192 patients]. PMID- 6974373 TI - [Nonbacterial thrombotic "endocarditis"]. PMID- 6974375 TI - [Treatment of injuries of the carotid artery. Report of 15 cases]. PMID- 6974374 TI - [Comparative study of 3 types of hydration in patients subjected to elective surgery]. PMID- 6974376 TI - [Sclerosing injection in the treatment of rectal prolapse in children]. PMID- 6974377 TI - [Heterologous implantation of the dura mater in the trachea. Experimental study]. PMID- 6974380 TI - [Gastric volvulus. Considerations on 22 cases]. PMID- 6974378 TI - [Use of the human umbilical vein as arterial graft]. PMID- 6974379 TI - [Effects of cimetidine, antacids and free diet on the pH of gastric content, in patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6974381 TI - [Fatal digestive hemorrhage due to arterial communication with the digestive tract]. PMID- 6974382 TI - [Surgical complications in 1,000 consecutive gynecologic operations]. PMID- 6974384 TI - [Immunologic observations on healthy children with a background of herpes zoster]. PMID- 6974383 TI - [Model for the study of the properties of the smooth muscle of granulation tissue]. PMID- 6974385 TI - [Non Hodgkin lymphoma of the so-called primary neuraxis type. Immunological study of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974387 TI - [Gastric secretion of HCl in patients with schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6974386 TI - A study of the pneumococcal vaccine in prevention of clinically acute atttacks of recurrent otitis media. AB - A total of 827 infants and children three months to six years of age were vaccinated randomly after an attack of otitis media, with either the 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine or a control vaccine against Hemophilus influenzae type b. Clinically acute attacks of otitis media that occurred greater than or equal to 14 days after vaccination were analyzed by culture of the middle ear fluid. Children who had received the pneumococcal vaccine at the age of seven to 83 months experienced within the first six months after vaccination significantly fewer attacks of otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae than did children in the control group (50% overall reduction, p less than 0.01). The reduction of attacks was specific to those pneumococcal types/groups present in the vaccine that induced a good serum antibody response; the specific protection indicated for vaccine types/groups other than 6 (to which the antibody response was very poor) was 67% (P less than 0.001). No or very little protection was seen in infants younger than seven months or in any children later than six months after vaccination. PMID- 6974389 TI - Rheumatological features of patients admitted as emergencies to acute general medical wards. PMID- 6974388 TI - [Cure of pediculosis of the scalp by cotrimoxazole administered orally]. PMID- 6974390 TI - [Mechanical parameters and cyclic nucleotides in the anaerobic fatigue of Rana esculenta (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974391 TI - [Intramural intestinal bleeding under anticoagulant treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974392 TI - [Single and sequential aorto-coronary bypass: comparison of patency rate]. AB - Postoperative angiography was performed in 222 patients who had undergone aorto coronary bypass grafting. Double sequential grafts show the highest patency rate (90%), followed by single (77%) and multiple (65%) sequential grafts. PMID- 6974393 TI - [The value and advantage of computer assisted tomography as compared to angiography in evaluating patency of aorto-coronary grafts]. AB - Sixteen patients with 31 aorto-coronary grafts have been studied by CT and by coronary arteriography to compare the results of the two methods in the evaluation of graft patency or occlusion. Correlation of the two technics is excellent (100%). However, graft stenoses are not visualized on CT in its present state of technical performance and are the limiting factor for this noninvasive procedure. In patients with precordial pain and aorto-coronary grafts, CT should be done first to evaluate graft patency and only be checked by coronary arteriography if there is disagreement between the CT result and clinical assessment of the case. PMID- 6974394 TI - [Visualization of aorto-coronary bypass grafts with the aid of non-dynamic computer tomography]. AB - To evaluate computer tomography (CT) for assessment of aorto-coronary bypass graft patency, 45 patients with 85 grafts were studied by non-dynamic CT before and after intravenous bolus injection of 50 ml contrast material. 28 patients had undergone postoperative coronary angiography (37 grafts patent, 11 occluded), while 17 (37 grafts) were studied in the early postoperative period without angiographic confirmation. 60 of 74 grafts (81.1%) which were angiographically patent or not checked by postoperative angiography could be visualized by CT. In patients in whom graft patency was documented by angiography, 32 of 37 grafts (86.5%) were identified correctly, including all 18 grafts (100%) to the left anterior descending branch (LAD). With the exception of one LAD graft which was judged differently by the two evaluators, none of the 11 definitely occluded grafts could be visualized by CT. The results suggest that non-dynamic CT allows correct identification of patent aorto-coronary bypass grafts in a high percentage of cases. So far, however, the method does not allow any deduction as to the functional status of the grafts. PMID- 6974395 TI - [Preliminary report on coronary revascularization in 15 patients under 35 years of age]. AB - Between 1975 and 1979 15 patients under 35 underwent aorto-coronary bypass grafting. The youngest was 24 years old. Out of 1188 revascularized patients over the same period, only 1.26% of surgically treated patients with coronary artery disease were under 35, whereas 4.79% were under 40. The main risk factors were smoking, overweight and hyperlipidemia, and every patient had several risk factors. 12 of 15 patients had preoperative infarctions. 3 patients had single vessel disease, 3 had double vessel disease and 9 had triple vessel disease, the latter two groups with massive and diffuse disease down to the peripheral vessels. By the usual criteria some of them had been refused for revascularization and only their youth and disabling angina without hope of improvement through medical therapy prompted us to operate on them. At operation 2.73 grafts per patient were performed, three of which were internal mammary artery anastomosis. Operative mortality was nil. Only one patient had a perioperative myocardial infarction, without complications or hemodynamic impairment. Another patient sustained a re-infarction four months postoperatively. However, this patient did not reduce any of his risk factors. At postoperative angiography 32 out of 40 grafts performed, i.e. 2.13 grafts per patient, were patent. In 9 patients all grafts were patent, in 4 over 51% of the grafts performed were patent, in 1 two out of four were patent and one single bypass was subtotally occluded. The angina-free working tolerance increased postoperatively by 70 Watts, i.e, by 100%. These preliminary results with 15 patients under age 35 show that satisfactory medical and professional rehabilitation can be achieved with coronary artery surgery. All but one returned to work as they would otherwise have been unable to do because of disabling angina under maximal medical therapy. PMID- 6974396 TI - [C-reactive protein: should it be determined in inflammatory rheumatic diseases?]. AB - The structure, synthesis and possible functions of C-reactive protein (CRP) are discussed. CRP is a highly sensitive but non-specific indicator of tissue damage, but its diagnostic value in inflammatory rheumatic diseases is very limited. In SLE, a high level may suggest additional bacterial infection. While semiquantitative methods are of little help, the quantitative measurement of CRP can be used as both a clinical and a therapeutic parameter in patients in whom ESR does not parallel the inflammatory activity of the disease. Apart from these exceptions, CRP does not appear to offer major advantages over ESR in the day-to day management of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6974397 TI - [Severity of stabilized angina pectoris and indication for coronary bypass implications for prognosis]. AB - The prognosis in patients with mild or moderate angina pectoris (class I or I-II) and significant coronary artery lesions (70% or more luminal diameter reduction) is controversial. Since 1967 these cases have not been operated upon in our Division. To assess the justice of this approach, 61 mildly symptomatic, non operated patients (group I) were compared with 65 markedly symptomatic (class II to IV) patients in whom coronary artery bypass procedures were indicated but not performed (group II). These patients either had refused surgery or the lesions were considered unsuited to revascularization. Although 44 patients in group I had 70% or more stenosis of one or more coronary arteries, the 8-year mortality rate in group I was 17% compared with 40% in group II. For patients with single vessel disease (32 patients in group I, 35 patients in group II) the 8-year mortality was 9.4% in group I and 34% in group II; the difference is significant. This retrospective study suggests that mild and moderate angina pectoris (class I or I-II with or without medical treatment) is associated with a rather favourable prognosis (one single death during the first four years in group I). It may be concluded that an aggressive approach can be delayed until further symptoms develop despite adequate medical therapy. PMID- 6974398 TI - [Hereditary angioedema: description of a sibship and review]. AB - Report on a newly recognized sibship with hereditary angioedema (HAE). The 27 persons investigated include 8 with decreased concentrations of C-1INH and C4 in the Serum. Three of these are children without symptoms of HAE. Five patients have characteristic attacks of HAE, some of which are predominantly abdominal. The effects of treatment with danazol in 4 patients are described. HAE is briefly reviewed with special reference to pathogenesis and treatment. PMID- 6974401 TI - Epidemiology of Rheumatic disorders in the Pacific with particular emphasis on hyperuricaemia and gout. PMID- 6974399 TI - Skeletal muscle: length-dependent effects of potentiating agents. AB - The ability of vertebrae skeletal muscle to contract more vigorously than normal in the presence of potentiating agents depends on the initial length of a muscle cell. Other factors such as the intracellular calcium ion transient, temperature, chemical nature of the potentiating agent, and the ratio of intrinsic twitch to tetanic force influence the degree of contractile potentiation but cannot account for the length dependence. At least part of a muscle cell seems normally less than fully active during contractions not only at short lengths but also at optimal sarcomere lengths. PMID- 6974402 TI - Studies of GI bleeding with scintigraphy and the influence of vasopressin. AB - The management of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding depends on accurate localization of the site of hemorrhage. Endoscopy and arteriography, although successful in achieving this goal in the majority of patients, are invasive and have other shortcomings. The introduction of the 99mTc-sulfur colloid technique has greatly simplified the evaluation and management of these patients. This test is useful in detecting and localizing the bleeding site in the lower GI tract. Scintigraphy is now used as the initial study of choice in patients with rectal bleeding. Advances made in angiography and nuclear medicine techniques also have resulted in improved management of patients. Conservative approaches succeed in controlling hemorrhage in most patients. Vasopressin is the most widely tested agent and has been adopted by many as the preferred preparation for this purpose. Before the introduction of the 99mTc-sulfur colloid technique, angiography was used to monitor the effectiveness of this drug, whether administered intravenously or intraarterially. With the use of scintigraphy and intravenous administration of vasopressin, these patients now can be managed noninvasively. Only when the intravenous Pitressin infusion fails to stop hemorrhage, is the intraarterial approach considered. Surgery is used as a last resort when these measures fail to stop the bleeding. PMID- 6974400 TI - Non-organic non-psychotic psychopathology (NONPP) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6974403 TI - Electrical rectification of the sodium flux across the apical barrier of frog skin epithelium. PMID- 6974405 TI - [Cellular immunity indices in lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 6974404 TI - Electron microprobe analysis of frog skin epithelium: pathway of transepithelial sodium transport. PMID- 6974406 TI - [Studies on granulocyte-specific antinuclear factor granulocyte-specific antinuclear factor associated with propylthiouracil in patient with hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974407 TI - Long-term immunological investigation of malignant intracranial gliomas. AB - In this study, 118 consecutive adult patients with supratentorial gliomas underwent preoperative immunological monitoring, with particular regard to B lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte markers. Most patients were treated surgically and with radiotherapy. Three months later, they were readmitted for postoperative immunological investigation and follow-up control. A total of 76 cases could thus be completely investigated and were statistically eligible for evaluation. A pronounced failure of T-cell-mediated immunity was observed: "E-active" rosette forming cells and mitogen-induced blastogenesis tests turned out to be markedly depressed, with a slight postoperative recovery. Spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly (p less than 0.01) increased both in preoperative and postoperative findings. The main immunodiagnostic patterns (immunoglobulins assay, surface immunoglobulins, "mouse" rosettes) concerning the B-cell-dependent "pool" were found to be within normal limits. PMID- 6974408 TI - Arachnoid cysts of the posterior fossa. AB - A series of 6 patients with arachnoid cysts of the posterior fossa who were treated surgically is presented. The diagnosis of the nature of the lesion and of the exact location within the posterior fossa could not be established on a clinical basis. CT scanning is the best method for diagnosing the lesion and for observing the postoperative evolution. Treatment consisted of removing the cyst walls, shunting the cyst to the peritoneum, or both. The differential diagnosis of arachnoid cysts of the posterior fossa from other cerebrospinal fluid collections, such as the megacisterna magna or the Dandy-Walker malformation, are discussed. PMID- 6974410 TI - Cavum septi pellucidi as a cause of shunt dysfunction. AB - Cavum septi pellucidi and cavum vergae are generally asymptomatic fluid collections between the leaves of the septum pellucidum and are present in approximately 15% of adult brains. There are occasional reported cases of symptomatic cysts arising in this area. This paper reports a case in which a cavum septi pellucidi was a cause of shunt malfunction. On an air ventriculogram this condition was initially confused with a subdural collection. PMID- 6974409 TI - Encysted fourth ventricle. AB - A case of an encysted fourth ventricle subsequent to meningitis is described. This clinical entity may cause a progressive neurological deficit secondary to mass effect and recurrent central nervous system infections. Direct drainage, as opposed to lateral ventricular shunting alone, is indicated. PMID- 6974411 TI - Assessment of a modified technique of distal splenorenal shunting. AB - Warren's distal splenorenal shunt has been effective in treatment of recurrent variceal hemorrhage. To simplify the operative procedure, two alterations in the technique were used in this study. The first was to approach the splenic and renal veins simultaneously through a single inframesocolonic retroperitoneal incision in the plane of the pancreatic fusion fossa. The second was abandonment of the portoazygos disconnection. Since 1974, twenty-nine patients have undergone this modified operation. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 76 years. Fourteen patients had alcoholic cirrhosis, 13 had nonalcoholic cirrhosis, and the etiology was unknown in two. There were 14 Child's class A patients, 12 class B, and three class C. Significant ascites was present at operation in seven patients. Hepatofugal flow was demonstrated angiographically in four patients. The follow up period ranged from 6 months to 6 years; 19 patients were followed up for 1 year or longer. There were three early postoperative deaths (10.3%), and one patient died 2 months postoperatively. Recurrent variceal bleeding was seen early in one patient and late (2 months) in another. Only one of the surviving patients developed encephalopathy. Technical modification to simplify performance of the distal splenorenal shunt did not compromise the results of the operation. However, four of seven patients with ascites died either immediately or early after the procedure, and two of these four patients also had hepatofugal flow. Ascites and hepatofugal flow may adversely influence the results of the operation. PMID- 6974413 TI - [Clinico-immunological comparisons during levamisole treatment of rheumatoid arthritis - abuse of correlations between cellular immunity indicators and treatment results]. PMID- 6974412 TI - Hemorrhagic complications of severe pancreatitis. AB - Massive hemorrhage associated with pancreatitis is a rare but frequently lethal complication. Fifteen patients with this complication are presented. Bleeding occurred in four patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, in three patients with pancreatic abscesses, in seven patients with pseudocysts, and in one patient with chronic relapsing pancreatitis following longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy. The initial presentation of hemorrhage was gastrointestinal in eight patients and retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal in seven. Abdominal pain with associated nausea and vomiting was present in all patients on admission. Duration of symptoms prior to hospitalization averaged 6 days. During hospitalization the 15 patients received a total of 512 units of blood for transfusions ranging from 8 to 177 units. Admission amylase values were of no benefit in assessing severity of the disease, but application of Ranson's criteria accurately predicted both severity and prognosis. The common denominator in all cases of bleeding appeared to be the presence of an overwhelming or continuing inflammatory process with necrosis and erosion of adjacent vascular and visceral structures. The overall mortality rate in the series was 53.3%. Those patients with hemorrhage associated with pseudocyst formation had the highest survival rates, whereas those with necrotizing pancreatitis and hemorrhage had an extremely poor response to aggressive medical and/or surgical management. PMID- 6974414 TI - [Immunological characteristics of pneumonia with different clinical courses]. PMID- 6974415 TI - [Particulars in the medical treatment of geriatric patients]. AB - During geriatric treatment, the use of medicaments is often important, sometimes harmful, and seldom sufficient by itself. In order for the treatment to be successful, its indication must be well-founded. The dosage has to be adapted, and restraint and therapeutic discipline should always be encouraged. Finally, the anticipated advantages must be greater than the various possible side effects. PMID- 6974416 TI - The Rokitanski-Duguid project. PMID- 6974417 TI - [Immunological activity indices in periodontosis and its correction]. PMID- 6974418 TI - [Glossalgia as an early symptom of a brain tumor]. PMID- 6974419 TI - Subsets of T cells in the rat mediating lethal graft versus-host disease. PMID- 6974420 TI - Hypersensitivity reactions in the small intestine. 6. Pathogenesis of the graft versus-host reaction in the small intestinal mucosa of the mouse. AB - The intestinal phase of the graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) has been investigated in adult F1 mice bearing grafts of fetal gut using an H-2 incompatible and an H-2-compatible, Mls-incompatible combination. The results indicate that the mitotic activity of the intestinal crypts and the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes are sensitive parameters of the mucosal cell-mediated immune response in the GVHR. Using these indices, indirect evidence has been obtained that soluble factors may be responsible for the damage to the intestine in the GVHR. Possible pathways of lymphocyte activation and migration to the gut are proposed to explain the role of gut-associated T cells in the production of these mediators. PMID- 6974421 TI - Analysis of fibreoptic gastroduodenoscopy in 1084 Ethiopians. AB - Upper gastrointestinal fibreoptic endoscopy, performed on 1,084 Ethiopians, revealed: 48 (4%) oesophageal varices, 16 (1%) oesophageal carcinoma, 394 (36%) chronic atrophic gastritis, 36 (3%) gastric carcinoma and 154 (14%) duodenal ulcer. Oesophagitis, gastric ulcer and stomach ulcer are rare. The high prevalence of oesophageal varices and the association of chronic atrophic gastritis with gastric carcinoma are noted. There is a poor correlation between barium meal and endoscopic findings mainly because of inadequate radiological services in the country. All 16 patients who had endoscopy within 48 hours of haematemesis and/or melena had the source of bleeding identified. In a country like Ethiopia where upper gastrointestinal symptoms are very common and radiological services inadequate, expert endoscopic studies can be of great diagnostic value. PMID- 6974422 TI - Schistosoma haematobium in Ajara community of Badagry, Nigeria. A study on prevalence, intensity and morbidity from infection among primary school children. AB - A prevalence, intensity and morbidity study was carried out at a primary school amongst 681 pupils aged 6-15 years. A comprehensive medical examination including urinalysis was carried out. Attendance at school and average grades scored during the preceding schoolyear were used as crude indiced of performance. The overall prevalence rate was 24%. The mean egg count was 435 ova/10 ml urine in infected children. Haematuria was observed in 65% of infected children with the greatest intensity in patients with the highest egg count. Both the haematocrit (PCV) and haemoglobin concentrations bore no relationship to the intensity of infection; whilst there was a direct relationship between the level of proteinuria and the number of ova excreted. Proteinuria of more than 100 mg/100 ml was found in 54% of subjects and in 23% of these it was 300 mg/100 ml. Anthropometric measurements were not related to intensity of infection nor were attendance and the average scored during the preceding schoolyear. It is concluded that probably only minimal morbidity is associated with S. haematobium infection in this area; this may be explained by the relatively low intensity of infection including acquired immunity and the seasonal pattern of transmission. PMID- 6974423 TI - Effect of BCG immunotherapy on cell-mediated cytotoxicity in bladder cancer patients following surgical treatment. PMID- 6974424 TI - [Acquired von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6974426 TI - Propagation of B-lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV) in human B-lymphoma cells and characterization of its DNA. PMID- 6974425 TI - [Cryosurgical method of treating vitreous body adherence to the cornea following cataract extraction]. PMID- 6974427 TI - [Immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases]. PMID- 6974428 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in chronic kidney failure due to glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6974429 TI - [Spontaneous rosette formation reaction as a prognostic test in diffuse toxic goiter before and after surgical treatment]. PMID- 6974430 TI - [Spontaneous autorosette formation indices in acute leukemia]. PMID- 6974431 TI - [Effect of chronic infection foci on carbohydrate and vitamin C and B1 metabolism in rheumatism]. PMID- 6974435 TI - [Value of the case history in the diagnosis of vestibular vertigo]. PMID- 6974432 TI - [Liver function in peptic ulcer based on dynamic hepatoscintigraphy]. PMID- 6974433 TI - [Effect of laser therapy on immunoreactivity in precaner and preinvasive cancer of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 6974436 TI - [Biometry, data registration and data processing in rheumatology]. AB - In the research of rheumatism there appear subjective, semiobjective and objective findings, by the combination of which criteria of activity, function and progression are recognized. Their qualitative criteria are described. Apart from an economically justifiable recording of data, in which regulations of codification and lists of recording of data are separated, the establishment of important statistical numbers of measure (mean value, standard deviation, variation coefficient) is described and explained, by which methods comparisons of groups (t-test after Student) for normally distributed measuring sizes, chi2 test for qualitative characteristics and categories and correlations (correlation coefficient after Bravais-Pearson, rank correlation after Spearman) are performed. The methods are described thus that they may be repeated ubiquitously and not only in the research of rheumatism, be it with or without electronic data processing devices. The factor analysis, which cannot be realised without using data processing, but by means of which we succeed in investigating its structural connections, is also explained. This is done with regard to the possible reduction of extensive laboratory investigation and the connected with this economic advantages. PMID- 6974434 TI - Aortic stenosis and intestinal angiodysplasia--a case of gastric involvement. PMID- 6974437 TI - [Immune reactivity in patients with disorders of lipid metabolism]. AB - The accidental observation of a selective IgM-deficit in a family with hyperlipoproteinaemia type II caused the working hypothese of close interactions of lipometabolism and immunoreactivity. In 69 patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia the quantitative determination of the immunoglobulins G, A and M was performed by the Mancini-test. All decreased values were repeated in a second determination at another moment. In 9 patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia and deficit of immunoglobulins we determined the T-lymphocytes by means of the sheep erythrocyte rosette test, the B-lymphocytes with the help of the method of direct immunofluorescence and the mouse erythrocyte rosette test. Altogether 14 of the 69 patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia showed reproducible deficit of immunoglobulins, which is statistically significant. The immune defect appeared above all as decrease of IgA (11 patients) isolated 8 patients or in combination with IgM-deficit (2 patients) and IgG-deficit (1 patient). 2 resp. 1 patient showed selective IgG- or IgM-deficit. Clinical symptoms of an immune defect were not recognizable anamnestically and prospectively. In the 9 patients who were immunologically further characterized the T-lymphocytes were in the region of the norm or were increased, the subpopulation of B-lymphocytes which reacted with mouse erythrocytes was normal or increased. The classification to the types of hyperlipoproteinaemia of the altogether 14 deficient patients showed the order IIa, IV, IIb. The original working hypothesis could be supported by the present findings, though an obvious clinical importance is not yet to be recognized. Changes of the membrane lipids of lymphocytes, interventions through the prostaglandin system and effect via suppressor cells must be discussed causally. PMID- 6974438 TI - Termination of pregnancy by intramuscular administration of 15 (S)-15-methyl prostaglandin in F2 alpha. AB - The use of 15 (S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha for second-trimester termination of pregnancy, induction of labor in the presence of a dead or severely malformed fetus, and the management of molar pregnancy was investigated in 212 women. The dosage regime was 250 microgram of the prostaglandin analogue every 1 to 3 hours. Cumulative expulsion rates amounted to 94 and 97% after 24 to 36 hours, respectively. Gastrointestinal side effects occurred in 48% of the patients, and both the number and intensity of the episodes were significantly reduced by antiemetic and antidiarrheal drugs. No serious complications occurred. PMID- 6974439 TI - [The development of nervous tissue to experimental manipulation in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - Explants of nervous tissue (CNS: hippocampus from fetal rats, telencephalon and PNS: ganglion trigeminale from chick embryos) were cultivated in maximow chambers. Biological extracts (brain and embryo extract) or chemical agents (aminoacid mixtures and peptides with known sequence of amino acids) were tested. Biological extracts and aminoacid mixtures stimulated the differentiation in PNS and CNS cultures. A stimulating effect of peptides seems to exist only on PNS explants. The fundamental importance of suitable reference systems, parameters, optimal concentrations and periods of application of effective substances for the evaluation of the results is discussed. PMID- 6974440 TI - The effect of laser irradiation on the frog pineal. AB - The frog pineal is a functional photoreceptor with probable endocrine capabilities. Continuous wave Laser radiation at 514.5 nanometers for 300 sec at 200 mW, as focused on the pineal of the intact frog Rana esculenta to study the functional role of this structure. The investigation was carried out on 80 male specimens - 40 of which were controls - in light and in dark experimental conditions - during the months of March, July and November. The ratio gonad weight/body weight was used to measure the effect of the Laser. The response was consistently similar from control frogs kept in the dark and from Laser irradiated frogs kept in the light. The same was observed in the opposite situation. Histological examination showed structural modifications of the gonads and skin of Laser-irradiated frogs. These results suggest a functional correlation between the pineal photoreceptor cells and the pineal secretory cells. We hypothesize that the pineal itself might influence gonadal activity through the secretion of an hormone within the third ventricle. The frog's skin did not change colour during the Laser irradiation, we therefore suppose that the structures responsible for the release of the hormone regulating colour changes are not effected by the Laser beam. PMID- 6974441 TI - [Low frequency electro-stimulation and ultrasonic therapy (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective study 1200 sequences of low frequency electrostimulation and ultrasonic therapy have been examined. The basics of the type of currents applied, the therapy scheme and the indication routine are presented. These parameters were kept constant in the course of the 2 years' study. For the treatment 8 different apparatuses were available. The actual current shapes of the generators were measured, the influence of constant-current and constant voltage output circuits were tested and were discussed in relation to the electrode types.--Advantages and disadvantages of disposable-type, sponge-type, lead-type and vacuum-type electrodes are reported. Treatments were carried out with the current types DF and CP of the diadynamic currents alone, as combined therapy together with ultrasound, as mere ultrasound treatment, as ultrastimulation current, as iontophoresis and galvanic current. The results are compared with comparable examinations by other authors and they are discussed with respect to different influencing factors. PMID- 6974442 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on T- and B-populations of lymphocytes]. PMID- 6974443 TI - [Role of the dorsomedial hypothalamus in mechanisms of stimulation and electroacupuncture analgesia]. PMID- 6974444 TI - [Clinical picture, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6974447 TI - [Liver function in early forms of syphilis]. PMID- 6974446 TI - [Status of the T- and B-lymphocyte system in women with gonorrhea]. PMID- 6974448 TI - [Emergency endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and therapeutic endoscopic procedures in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - In the Department of Surgery, Bonn University Medical School, from 1.2.1977 - 1.8.1979 68 emergency endoscopies in children were performed. Up to the age of ten this was done with and over ten years without anaesthesia. The most frequent sources of bleeding in the specific groups were varices of the oesophagus and stomach. Further frequent sources of bleeding were duodenal ulcers, a Mallory Weiss-syndrome, reflux-oesophagitis with hiatal hernia, erosions and polyps of the stomach and corrosive oesophagitis. The source of haemorrhage was found in 70%; a probable cause of bleeding was detected in 15%, in 6% no pathologic lesion was seen. In 42 children an operative endoscopy was used simultaneously: 41 times by a sclerosing procedure of the oesophageal wall, once in a bleeding polyp. Complications of the sclerotherapy were one case each of an incomplete wall necrosis of the oesophagus, a stenosis and a new bleeding from oesophageal varices. No child died. -The emergency endoscopy is able to improve the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The decision for conservative or operative treatment can be made earlier and the results are more certain. The sclerotherapy of the oesophageal varices succeeded in stopping haemorrhage and preventing it in the future. PMID- 6974449 TI - [Genetics and rheumatology]. PMID- 6974450 TI - [The influence of chronic exposure to lead on the formation of lung metastases in a syngeneic system (author's transl)]. AB - Mice of strain A/J were fed for a period of 13 weeks with pellets containing lead acetate either 300 mg/kg or 3000 mg/kg (Altromin 1314). Then the animals were injected i.v. with 500 000 of living YAC tumor cells. Nine days later the mice were killed by neck dislocation, the lung metastases were visualized by ink injection into the trachea, and the total metastatic size per lung was expressed as the square area of all metastases. Animals in both leadtreated groups showed highly significant reduction of metastatic formation in comparison with the untreated control group. This effect was even stronger expressed in the group with higher dose of lead. Various mechanisms are discussed, especially the influence of lead on immune mechanisms. PMID- 6974445 TI - [Cellular immunity indices in a female Lyell's syndrome patient]. PMID- 6974451 TI - [Comparative cytoenzymatic study of infectious and vaccinal processes in experimental brucellosis]. AB - In experiments on 240 guinea-pigs metabolic changes were found to occur in peripheral blood cells in the process of the development of brucellosis infection and after immunization. The degree and character of the activity of lysosomal enzymes depended on the time of infection and immunity formation. In comparison with the vaccinal culture of Br. abortus 19, the virulent culture of Br. abortus 544 induced greater changes in the activity of esterase, acidic and alkaline phosphatase in neutrophils, in the activity of acidic phosphatase in lymphocytes, as well as in the number of lymphocytes containing this enzyme. The data on enzymatic activity are recommended for use as a differential test for evaluating the character of the infectious and vaccinal processes. PMID- 6974454 TI - Radiographic screening for breast carcinoma. I. Program and primary findings in 45--69 year old women. AB - A cross-sectional, randomized screening with mammary radiography of 15 748 women aged 45 to 69 and living in Malmo for the detection of breast carcinoma is described. The detection rate of breast carcinoma was 7.5 per 1 000, 16 per cent of the carcinoma being non-invasive and 43 invasive with a diameter of at most 10 mm. The overall rate of axillary metastases was 18 per cent. The sensitivity of the radiography was 91.5 per cent, the specificity 99.2 per cent and the predictive value 47 per cent. It is concluded that mammary radiography is an effective screening method for detecting early carcinoma. PMID- 6974453 TI - Receptors for Helix pomatia agglutinin on normal and neoplastic lymphocytes -- a histochemical study using paraffin embedded tissue sections. AB - In order to investigate the distribution and significance of receptors for Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), paraffin sections from several reactive and 70 neoplastic lymphoid tissues were utilized for a histochemical study after neuraminidase treatment. Lymphocytes in the germinal center and thymic cortex were mostly negative for the receptors, while most of the lymphocytes in the thymus-dependent area, some of those in the primary follicle or in the marginal zone and most of the plasma cells in the medulla possessed the receptors on their surfaces. Nodular lymphomas, thymomas, and diffuse lymphoblastic lymphomas were mostly negative in contrast to the positive reaction in diffuse poorly differentiated lymphomas of B-cell type and plasmocytomas. Diffuse histiocytic lymphomas and diffuse mixed lymphocytic and histiocytic lymphomas occasionally possessed the receptors, irrespective of their immunological markers. Hodgkin's cells were negative on their surface, but were occasionally positive in their cytoplasms ans seen in case of histiocytes. From these results, HPA receptors could be neither T-cell nor B-cell differentiation marker. The possibility that HPA-receptor-negative lymphocytes may hav a quick turn-over rate or a short life span is also discussed. PMID- 6974452 TI - Recent advances in neurosurgical treatment of chronic pain. PMID- 6974456 TI - Normalized organ doses for various diagnostic radiologic procedures. AB - Organ-absorbed doses for 24 diagnostic examination projections were measured using an Alderson Rando phantom. The organs of interest were testes, ovaries, thyroid, eyes, uterus, and active bone marrow. The reported values were normalized to the unit entrance exposure of each examination. Subsequent comparison of these measured values with the experimental and calculated values of other investigators showed reasonable agreement. PMID- 6974457 TI - Echogenicity: analysis, significance, and masking. AB - Echogenicity can be created by the admixture of any acoustically dissimilar substances. Experiments performed in vitro using mineral oil and water and in vivo examining 24 pathologically proven echogenic abnormalities show that echogenicity cannot be ascribed to a specific tissue, but rather is a property of all substances. In addition, when dissimilar histologic and pathologic substances have similar echo appearances and are adjacent, they become indistinguishable. This loss of structural definition can be termed the sonographic "masking sign," comparable in masking qualities to the established radiographic "silhouette sign." When this phenomenon occurs, an abnormality can be detected only through displacement of an organ or distortion of its internal anatomy. A thorough understanding of echogenicity and the sonographic masking sign will allow a more accurate evaluation of masses and infiltrating processes. PMID- 6974455 TI - An unusual profile of activity of a new basic anti-inflammatory drug, timegadine. AB - Timegadine (SR 1368, N-cyclohexyl-N"-4-(2-methylguinolyl)-N'-2 thiazolylguanidine) dose-dependently inhibited carrageenan-, nystatin-, and concanavalin A-induced edema. Detailed studies in adjuvant arthritic rats showed: (a) long dosing regimen with timegadine inhibited primary and secondary lesions, leukocytosis and hyperfibrinogemia, (b) timegadine was significantly active in reducing the severity of the already established disease, (c) a short course of dosing with timegadine at the time of adjuvant injection permanently prevented the development of secondary lesions. The tuberculin hypersensitivity reaction was enhanced by timegadine in both adjuvant arthritic and normal rats. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats and guinea pigs was not affected. It is concluded that timegadine has a profile or activity which differs from that of known anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6974458 TI - Bronchospasm during excretory urography: lack of specificity for the methylglucamine cation. AB - Pulmonary function (specifically, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and forced expiratory flow at low lung volumes) was measured with maximal expiratory flow volume curves during excretory urography in 70 patients and during sham procedures in 27 subjects. Forty-one patients received a 100 ml intravenous bolus of 60% methylglucamine diatrizoate and 29 patients received 100 ml of 50% sodium diatrizoate. Within 20 min, greater than 95% of patients had bronchospasm as indicated by asymptomatic decreases in pulmonary function. These decreases were significantly (p less than 0.001) greater than in the subjects undergoing sham procedures. Greater than 50% of patients had a maximum decrease in pulmonary function that exceeded the range of variability for consecutive repetitions of maximal expiratory flow-volume curves. These patients were classified as responders during excretory urography. The prevalence of responders was similar in methylglucamine diatrizoate and sodium diatrizoate patients. The magnitude of maximum decreases in pulmonary function did not differ significantly between methylglucamine diatrizoate and sodium diatrizoate responders. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium diatrizoate does not offer an advantage over methylglucamine diatrizoate with respect to asymptomatic bronchospasm during excretory urography. PMID- 6974459 TI - Arteriography after carotid endarterectomy. AB - Of 55 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, 16 had abnormal postoperative angiograms by accepted literature criteria. Five of the 16 were symptomatic. The other 11 were neurologically stable or improved from their preoperative condition. None of the 16 patients underwent reoperation. Of those 11 who had abnormal postoperative angiograms but a good clinical result, four had a second postoperative angiogram some months later that demonstrated marked improvement in the appearance of the endarterectomy site. Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy should not be subjected to routine postoperative angiography without clinical indications nor should they undergo reoperation on the basis of angiographic findings alone without consideration of their clinical status. PMID- 6974460 TI - Sonographic imaging of the glycogen stage of the fetal choroid plexus. AB - At 8-22 weeks gestation, the lateral ventricular choroid plexus swells with glycogen deposits, which are thought to be an important source of anaerobic energy for a relatively hypovascular stage of brain development. Sonographic images during this phase demonstrate enlarged and echogenic ventricles, accounting for up to 80%-90% of the cerebral axial dimension in the earliest gestations studied. This increased echogenicity may be due to these glycogen stores. Because a rapid but sonographically definable decrease in the relative size of these structures occurs, routine imaging for the presence and character of the choroid plexus might prove to be a useful parameter in fetal examination. PMID- 6974461 TI - Detection of orbital foreign bodies with computed tomography: current limits. AB - Detection and localization of known orbital foreign bodies with computed tomography was evaluated using a model that simulates as closely as possible in vivo conditions. The GE 8800 scanner proved to be an excellent instrument for detection and localization of most orbital or intraocular foreign bodies above certain minimum levels of detectability. The minimum detectable size varied according to the material, for example, 0.06 mm3 for steel, 1.82 mm3 for auto window glass in intraocular position, and slightly larger size for extraocular location. Small wood fragments were not detected. PMID- 6974462 TI - Sonography of hypertensive portal venous system: correlation with arterial portography. AB - Sixteen patients with portal hypertension and bleeding from gastroesophageal varices were studied prospectively by sonography and arterial portography. Sonography was able to demonstrate anechoic venous structures in characteristic sites in the upper abdomen corresponding with portosystemic collateral veins seen with arterial portography. Of four patients with sonographic visualization of a dilated umbilical vein, three were seen with angiography. Two patients had periportal collateral veins seen with both methods. Of 10 patients with retrograde opacification of the left gastric vein, nine were seen with sonography. Although all 16 patients had endoscopic proof of gastroesophageal varices, only 12 were demonstrated by angiography. Of these 12 patients, 10 had sonographic visualization of varices alone the gastroesophageal junction and lesser curvature of the stomach. One patient with opacification of a gastrorenal communication also had left upper quadrant venous abnormalities at sonography. Sonography is useful in the noninvasive identification of portosystemic collateral vessels in patients with portal hypertension. PMID- 6974463 TI - Gallbladder wall thickness distortion by ascites. AB - Eight patients with sonographically demonstrated ascites adjacent to or surrounding a gallbladder wall of normal thickness are described. In two patients, improper transducer placement or angulation caused apparent gallbladder wall thickening. Two in vitro experiments, one with a balloon phantom and the other with a resected gallbladder, confirmed that wall thickness varies with transducer placement and angulation. Ascites per se neither causes gallbladder wall thickening nor results in artifactual thickening if the beam angle is controlled. PMID- 6974464 TI - Single- vs. double-contrast gastrointestinal studies: critical analysis of reported statistics. AB - A literature review of Western publications for the reported sensitivities of single- and double-contrast gastrointestinal examinations indications that certain claims of superiority for the double-contrast technique may be optimistically misleading. Analysis of reports on detection of four entities gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and colonic polyps-suggests superiority for the double-contrast barium enema for detection of colonic polyps. However, no advantage for single- or double contrast examinations was demonstrable for the detection of gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, or duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6974466 TI - CT in retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - Of 23 cases of surgically proven retroperitoneal fibrosis evaluated by computed tomography (CT), 11 were examined preoperatively, while 12 were examined by CT in a retrospective study. The fibrosis appeared as a prevertebral retroperitoneal mass or as a fibrous sheet covering the central vessels and the ureters in 15 patients. The CT appearance corresponded well with the surgical findings in these cases. CT failed to visualize the fibrosis in eight cases mainly when the fibrosis was limited to the pelvis surrounding the distal ureters. A combination of retroperitoneal fibrosis and aortic aneurysm was found in five cases. CT is considered valuable in the evaluation of patients wtih suspected retroperitoneal fibrosis. It gives direct information about the fibrosis and is usable also in uremic patients. PMID- 6974465 TI - Retained barium n the appendix: diagnostic and clinical significance. AB - The significance of prolonged retention of barium in the appendix in an asymptomatic patient has been debated. Four patients, with retained barium in the appendix for several months after gastrointestinal barium studies, who then developed acute appendicitis, are reported and analyzed. Thirty-one patients who retained appendiceal barium longer than 72 hr after radiographic examination of the gastrointestinal tract were followed for over 1 year. No patient developed appendicitis. Five patients underwent abdominal surgery for other indications and there was no evidence of appendicitis. In 11 patients, who had abdominal radiographs 6 days to 4 months after detection of appendiceal barium, the barium had disappeared. The connotation of the term "barium appendicitis" as initially reported is questioned. Preliminary data in this report suggest that no causal relationship exists between prolonged retention of barium and future acute appendicitis and that normal appendices can expel barium in variable time periods. Etiologic connotation between prolonged appendiceal barium retention and future acute appendicitis should be erased. Retained barium in the appendix can be used as an acid in the precise radiographic diagnosis of acute appendicitis. PMID- 6974469 TI - CT of intramural endometrial carcinoma: contrast enhancement is essential. AB - The accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in recognizing early stage endometrial carcinoma was assessed in a prospective study in 10 patients in whom macroscopic and microscopic findings of the surgical specimen were correlated with the CT findings. In no instance was endometrial carcinoma confined to the uterine wall demonstrated on a precontrast examination. However, after intravenous infusion of 300 ml diatrizoate 30%, all seven carcinomas involving one-third or more of the thickness of the uterine wall were clearly demonstrated as hypodense lesions. In three patients the center of the hypodense lesions was significantly more enhanced and this was found at surgery to represent less necrotic tumor. Three carcinomas with lesser intramural extent were still invisible after contrast infusion. Because of slow contrast material accumulation in the myometrium and a delayed washout, the optimum time for scanning appears to be immediately after termination of the infusion when the bladder is not yet densely opaque since this may cause disturbing artifacts. The depth of myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma is an important prognostic factor in the disease and the CT demonstration of tumor extent may prove to be valuable in optimizing the selection of surgical and/or radiotherapeutic procedures. PMID- 6974468 TI - Sonography of the low-lying placenta: value of Trendelenburg and traction scans. AB - In later stages of pregnancy, acoustic shadowing from a fetal head may obscure the termination of a low-lying placenta and prevent sonographic imaging of the internal cervical os. The evaluation of a marginal or partial placenta previa in this setting may be difficult. Placing the mother in Trendelenburg position and applying gentle upward traction on the fetal head allows amniotic fluid to cover the lower uterine segments. This provides an acoustic window to visualize the relation of the termination of the placenta to the internal os. This technique was evaluated prospectively in a series of 217 patients and was successful in 49 of 50 patients in whom conventional studies failed to image the termination of the placenta or the region of the internal os. PMID- 6974472 TI - Significance of a visible major fissure on the frontal chest radiograph. AB - In this series of 80 patients, five factors are found to contribute to a visible major fissure. Volume changes in either the lower or upper lobes may cause fissural rotation from a coronal to a sagittal plane (26 patients). An incomplete or variant fissure with fluid abutting it (20 patients), or combinations of these factors (16 patients) will make the fissure visible. With either an incomplete fissure or a normal fissure in variant position, pleural thickening (seven patients) or adjacent consolidation (five patients) may make it possible to see the fissure. In normal patients, due to variation in fissural course, the fissure may be visible (six patients). In all of these situations, technical factors such as the divergent beam, position (lordotic), or projection (anteroposterior), may have contributory roles. PMID- 6974467 TI - Lipomatous tumors of the abdominal cavity: CT appearance and pathologic correlation. AB - Twenty patients with pathologically confirmed extraparenchymal intraabdominal lipomatous tumors, including two lipomas, two cases of diffuse infiltrating lipomatosis, and 16 liposarcomas, were examined by computed tomography (CT). The CT appearance of these tumors closely correlated with their gross and microscopic pathologic anatomy. Distinctive CT features differentiated simple lipomas from diffuse infiltrating lipomatosis and from liposarcomas. The densities of these tumors, including the variable densities of liposarcomas, were explained by their tissue composition. Lipomas, diffuse infiltrating lipomatosis, and lipogenic liposarcomas were predominantly of fat density, whereas myxoid liposarcomas were of a higher range of densities. Liposarcomas often contained more than one type of tumor tissue, resulting in masses of distinctly different densities coexisting within the same tumor. CT accurately depicted the presence, location, and size of the tumors and provided information about their relation to adjacent structures. PMID- 6974470 TI - Pulmonary involvement in Behcet disease. AB - The radiologic appearance of pulmonary involvement in six cases of Behcet disease is described. Chest radiographs in five patients showed infiltrates and/or rounded opacities followed by excavation in two cases and by pleural rupture in one. Repeat chest films on four of these five patients 3 weeks to 9 months after diagnosis showed resolution of the infiltrates and the subpleural opacities. The other findings from chest radiography in three patients were rounded or lobulated opacities near the hila. Four of the six patients underwent pulmonary angiography, which in all cases showed wide-spread occlusions of pulmonary arteries, accompanied in three cases by segmental or lobular pulmonary artery aneurysms corresponding to the proximal opacities visible on the plain films. Two of the three patients who displayed pulmonary artery aneurysms died of massive hemoptysis 3 and 13 months after angiography. In the third patient, progress under medical treatment was favorable; chest film 10 months after treatment started showed complete resolution of the aneurysms. Repeat angiogram also showed partial recanalization of the occluded arteries. PMID- 6974471 TI - CT of anomalies of the mediastinal vessels. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) studies of the thorax were performed on 12 patients with congenital anomalies of the mediastinal great vessels. CT correctly identified 11 of 12 abnormalities including left superior vena cava, right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery, L- and D-transposition of the great vessels, pulmonary valvular stenosis, and truncus arteriosus. CT obviated further invasive procedures in those anomalies not associated with intracardiac defects and supplemented the angiographic findings in some patients with intracardiac defects requiring catheterization. PMID- 6974473 TI - Avulsion injuries of the pelvis and proximal femur. AB - Twenty cases of avulsion fractures of the apophyses of the pelvis and proximal femur were reviewed. Most occurred in male adolescents engaged in active sports. Pain, often with little external evidence of trauma, was the most frequent presenting symptom. Conservative, nonsurgical treatment was successful in all the patients. The radiographic appearance of each type of apophyseal injury is demonstrated. Recognition of the initial deformity and of the patterns of repair is important to avoid unnecessary evaluation (tomography, radionuclide scans) and inappropriate therapy. While productive changes with healing are most likely to occur in the region of the ischium, any of the other sites may heal with abundant bone and may mimic neoplasm. In the proper clinical setting, bony changes at these sites should prompt the radiologist to consider a traumatic etiology. PMID- 6974474 TI - Radiotherapy changes of the pediatric hip. AB - Significant radiation-induced abnormalities (aseptic necrosis of the femoral heads, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, radiation-induced sarcoma) were identified in eight of 44 patients aged 16 years or younger at the time of radiotherapy and followed for at least 3 years. The incidence is 18% in the entire group and 25% (8/32) if only patients with radiographs of the hips 3 or more years after therapy are considered. The first evidence of abnormality developed 13 years after irradiation in one patient. The need for long term follow-up of therapeutically irradiated children is stressed. PMID- 6974475 TI - Temporal bone radiography using the orthopantomograph. AB - Temporal bone radiographs obtained with an Orthopantomograph were compared with conventional radiographs. In acoustic neurinoma, cholesteatoma, otitis media, and middle fossa tumors, both methods demonstrated the abnormalities well. In two cases with lesions extending beyond the range of conventional projections, the broad orthopantomographic coverage was very valuable. Mastoid air cells, the mastoid process, petrous ridge, and internal auditory meatus were well demonstrated by both techniques. Orthopantomography was found to be superior in the demonstration of the petrous apex, while the superior semicircular canal was better demonstrated on the conventional views. Bilateral symmetry was particularly good and because of fewer films, radiation exposure was considerably less with orthopantomography. For many applications, orthopantomography is an adequate convenient substitute for conventional methods of examining the temporal bones. PMID- 6974476 TI - Stability of a mammographic mass: a false sense of security. AB - The observation of growth rates of human breast cancers on serial mammography has afforded an opportunity to document the spectrum of the natural history of these tumors in vivo. Five breast carcinomas in four patients were seen on mammography as clinically occult masses at least 1 cm in diameter. These lesions did not change in size on follow-up xeromammography over a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4.5 years from the original radiographic examination. Since it is common practice for radiologists to recommend a repeat examination in 3-12 months of nonpalable masses, architectural distortions, and asymmetric areas of increased density which may not have typical signs of malignancy, the lack of interval changes does not necessarily indicate a benign process. PMID- 6974477 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: sonographic appearance of the liver. PMID- 6974479 TI - Technetium-99m-HIDA visualization of an obstructed gallbladder via an accessory hepatic duct. PMID- 6974478 TI - CT of intracardiac tumor. PMID- 6974481 TI - Glucagon-induced choledochal sphincter relaxation: aid for expulsion of impacted calculi into the duodenum. PMID- 6974482 TI - Twin-to-twin transfusion: cause of increased pulmonary vasculature in the newborn. PMID- 6974480 TI - Nodular Legionnaire disease. PMID- 6974483 TI - Intrauterine sonography of thoracic ectopia cordis. PMID- 6974484 TI - Visibility of the inferior heart border in pneumoperitoneum. PMID- 6974487 TI - Finger-trap method of suturing biliary drainage catheters to the skin. PMID- 6974486 TI - Endoscopic replacement of drain catheters. PMID- 6974485 TI - Nontropical sprue with pneumatosis coli. PMID- 6974489 TI - Resident Matching Program in Radiology. PMID- 6974488 TI - Removal of a dislodged ureteral stent through a percutaneous nephrostomy. PMID- 6974490 TI - The 35 X 42.5 cm (14 X 17 inch) chest film: 7.5 cm too long. PMID- 6974492 TI - Size and number of adipocytes and measures of body fat in boys and girls 10 to 18 years of age. AB - In 111 boys and girls, 10 to 18 yr of age, body density was measured by underwater weighing, and the size of adipocytes in adipose tissue from the buttocks was measured by the osmium tetroxide method. From these two measures, estimates of percentage body fat, total body fat, and adipocyte number were computed for most of the children. Their skeletal age was also calculated by an acceptable method. Across chronological age, the girls have significantly larger mean values of total and percentage body fat and larger and more numerous adipocytes than the boys. The mean number of adipocytes in each sex is within adult levels, as is the mean size of the adipocytes in the girls. The boys' mean adipocyte size is below the adult level. There are negative, significant correlations between percentage body fat and chronological or skeletal age in the boys, and positive significant correlations between total body fat and chronological or skeletal age in the girls. Also, adipocyte size is positively correlated with percentage body fat but only in the boys. With the effects of chronological age removed, percentage body fat was significantly and negatively correlated with skeletal age in boys only. All other correlations among the variables were not statistically significant. PMID- 6974491 TI - Coronary disease progression in patients with and without saphenous vein bypass surgery. PMID- 6974493 TI - Adipocytes and adiposity in adults. AB - Measures of adipocyte size and body density were collected from 217 nonobese adults 20 to 50 yr of age, and estimates of total body fat, percentage body fat, and adipocyte number were calculated. Women had a greater percentage body fat than men in every age group except the oldest. Women had significantly greater amounts of total body fat and larger adipocytes than men in the 20- to 24-yr group, but men had significantly greater amounts of total body fat than the women in the 45- to 50-yr group. Adipocyte number, total body fat, and percentage body fat are each positively correlated with age in both sexes. Adipocyte size is not correlated with age but is positively correlated with total and percent body fat in men and women irrespective of age. These cross-sectional data suggest that adipocyte number, rather than being stable during adulthood, increases with age and is associated with corresponding increases in total and percentage body fat. PMID- 6974495 TI - Night blindness as a tool for xerophthalmia screening. PMID- 6974494 TI - Anthropometric and cycloergometric assessment of the nutritional status of the children of agricultural migrant workers in Southern Brazil. AB - In our survey of the food habits and nutritional status of "Boia-Fria" agricultural migrant workers in Southern Brazil, a special project was undertaken to assess the influence of socioeconomic and dietary deprivation on the physical growth and development and physical performance of their children. Four hundred fifty-five children in Boia-Fria families from Vila Recreio, a periurban slum of Ribeirao Preto located in the interior of the state of Sao Paulo, were examined for body weight, standing height, mid-upper arm muscle circumference, and head circumference. For comparison, 475 children from "Vita et Pax", a private school attended primarily by children of well-to-do families from the city of Ribeirao Preto, were also examined using similar anthropometric procedures. A small group of selected Boia-Fria children and their well-to-do counterparts were subjected to ergometric-cum-electrocardiographic testing for submaximal physical work performance. The overall results of this comparative study indicate that the physical growth and development and the physical performance of the Boia-Fria children are significantly lower than their well-to-do counterparts. It is suggested that the poor anthropometric and ergometric status of the Boia-Fria children is a reflection of poor dietary habits and socioeconomic deprivation prevalent among the agricultural migrant workers and poor periurban populations of Brazil. PMID- 6974496 TI - New concepts of immunodeficiency. PMID- 6974498 TI - Menopausal status associated with increased inhibition of blood coagulation. AB - Postmenopausal women receiving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) are not as prone to inappropriate venous and arterial thrombosis as are younger women taking oral contraceptives. To establish whether menopausal status per se has any effect on the coagulation-fibrinolytic system normal premenopausal women (mean age 29 years) were compared with younger (mean age 23) and older (mean age 51) surgically menopausal women and a group of naturally postmenopausal women (mean age 53). The results show that in postmenopausal women, irrespective of age or type, the shift is away from clot formatiuon and toward clot inhibition and fibrinolysis as determined by static in vitro analysis. This was characterized by statistically significant increases in antithrombin III antigen, alpha 1 antitrypsin antigen, and plasminogen activity. These changes may help to explain in part why ERT does not appear to cause increased thrombosis in older women. PMID- 6974499 TI - Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on electrocortical activity and breathing movements of fetal sheep. PMID- 6974500 TI - Cord blood lymphocyte in vitro responses to influenza A antigens after an epidemic of influenza A/Port Chalmers/73 (H3N2). AB - Samples of cord blood from 46 deliveries were collected between 2 and 8 mo after an epidemic of influenza caused by A/Port Chalmers/73 (H3H2) virus. Of 10 samples with HAI antibody titers against A/Port Chalmers of 1:16 or greater, one had 2 mercaptoethanol-sensitive IgM class antibodies against the virus. Lymphocyte proliferative responses with the use of A/Port Chalmers antigens were increased in six of 46 samples. These results provide immunologic evidence that certain neonates have IgM antibodies and lymphocytes sensitized for influenza A virus. Our results suggest, but do not prove definitively, that influenza A/Port Chalmers virus infected the fetus prior to delivery. PMID- 6974504 TI - Intracellular chloride activity in mammalian ventricular muscle. AB - The intracellular chloride activity (formula, see text) of quiescent rabbit right papillary muscle was measured with ion-selective microelectrodes (ISE) made with Corning 477315 liquid ion-exchange resin. The (formula, see text) was 9.8 +/- 2.4 (SD) mM, a value significantly greater than the 6.1 +/- 0.6 mM expected from passive distribution. The chloride equilibrium potential (ECl) was -64.4 +/- 6.6 mV, while membrane potential was -75.9 +/- 2.2 mV and significantly negative to ECl. These values are corrected for a nonchloride signal detected by the ISE. An apparent (formula, see text) of 4.8 +/- 0.6 mM was measured after exposure to Cl free media for 1 h. Since isotopic chloride was totally washed out by this time, the apparent (formula, see text) in Cl-free media was interpreted as interference and subtracted from the (formula, see text) measured in other media. The conclusion that chloride is not passively distributed is supported by the observation that the (formula, see text) increase in high potassium media was smaller than predicted. In contrast to findings in papillary muscle, (formula, see text) of frog sartorius muscle was consistent with passive distribution, if it is assumed that interference was less than 0.5 mM. PMID- 6974503 TI - Staging Meniere's disease and reporting results in Meniere's disease: symposium panel discussion. AB - At its recent spring meeting, the American Neurotologic Society devoted a portion of its program to a symposium on staging Meniere's disease and reporting results. One of the problems discussed, was which preoperative audiogram should be used for reporting results of any treatment. I think that it is very important that we, as otologists, try to look at Meniere's disease or any inner ear dysfunction in a more scientific way. Some of you may feel, on initial evaluation of this material, that it is too cumbersome to be practical in your daily clinical work. However, we feel we have put forth a reasonable staging system and method of reporting results that can be quite helpful once the simple routine of using them has become established. The vertigogram, for example, which is designed to be very simple and not require any sophisticated equipment, should be as easy to read as an audiogram. If we try to approach the vagaries of Meniere's disease or any inner ear dysfunction in a more scientific fashion, I am sure that in several years we will be in a much better position collectively to evaluate our results and to help our patients. This type of comprehensive staging system for all of the components in Meniere's disease or any inner ear dysfunction will enable us to objectify diagnoses and treatment results so that they can be easily compared. We have put forth some of the ideas and methods that we think will help us arrive at a consensus for reporting results. We encourage you to try some of the suggestions presented in this article and welcome your comments and ideas for improving this staging system and method for reporting results. PMID- 6974502 TI - Abnormalities, congenital anomalies and unusual anatomic variations of the endolymphatic sac and vestibular aqueduct: clinical, surgical, and radiographic correlations. Group I abnormalities. PMID- 6974497 TI - Upper GI hemorrhage: the clinical picture. PMID- 6974505 TI - Fatigue and metabolism of frog muscle fibers during stimulation and in response to caffeine. AB - Tension and metabolite concentrations were measured in single frog muscle fibers at 15 degrees C in vitro, in response to electrical stimulation or to immersion in caffeine- or potassium chloride-Ringer. Sarcomere length equaled 2.3 micrometers. Interrupted stimulation for 150 s at 20 Hz or stimulation for 7.5 min at 1 Hz was followed by at least 20 min of fatigue, evidenced by a reduced 200-ms test contraction. Fatigued fibers contracted maximally in potassium chloride- or caffeine-Ringer. They had high lactate and glucose 6-phosphate concentrations and a reduced phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration. Adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) concentration was approximately normal but was markedly reduced by a caffeine contracture. A plot of PCr consumption against the tension time integral at different stimulation frequencies (25, 35, or 50 Hz) and durations had an intercept of 25.5 nmol PCr/mg protein at time zero and a corrected slope of 0.65 nmol approximately P/mg protein per kg . s . cm-2. Prolonged fatigue is not due to energy exhaustion or to the inability of muscle fibers to consume residual ATP but probably arises from long-lasting interference in excitation-contraction coupling, which can be reversed by KCl- or caffeine induced release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. PMID- 6974506 TI - Vasopressin, theophylline, PGE2, and indomethacin on active Na transport in frog skin: studies with microelectrodes. AB - Active transepithelial Na transport in frog skin is influenced by vasopressin, theophylline, indomethacin, and PGE2. During stimulation or inhibition of the short-circuit current, the transapical membrane voltage of short-circuited skins was recorded using an intracellular microelectrode. The microelectrode also permitted determination of the fractional resistance of the apical barrier of the cells (fRo) and the E'1 (transepithelial voltage at which the apical membrane voltage is zero). Analysis of the data according to an electrical model proposed previously indicated that changes of ISC were mediated primarily via changes of the slope resistance Rfo (Vo negative) of the apical barrier of the cells with little or no effect on the Thevenin emf or resistance of the basolateral membranes. These data are in accordance with previous observations that ADH had no effect on the ENa and are discussed in relation to the origin of the ENa at the basolateral membranes of the epithelial cells. PMID- 6974501 TI - Perilymph total protein levels associated with cerebellopontine angle lesions. AB - The total protein levels in the perilymph of patients with acoustic neuromas, meningiomas, and Meniere's disease are contrasted. All specimens were obtained from the lateral semicircular canal during removal of the bony labyrinth. Any specimens with significant contamination by hemoglobin or serum proteins, as judged by the presence of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes, were discarded from this study. The findings of greatly increased perilymph protein levels in the tumor groups confirmed the reports of other workers. The levels in the Meniere's disease group compared favorably with the normal protein levels in perilymph. A very significant (p Less Than 0.05) difference between the acoustic neuroma group and the meningioma group is noted. This difference is probably tumor related, because in all cases of both groups, tumor entered and filled the internal auditory meatus. PMID- 6974507 TI - The pathology of surgically excised aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts. AB - The pathologic features of 60 surgically excised failed aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts from 40 patients were reviewed. In 23 cases the grafts were occluded by intimal fibrosis. In five this was associated with thrombotic occlusion of the remaining lumen. The histologic findings in some of these cases indicated that thrombosis preceded intimal fibrosis. Seventeen patients had graft failure caused by advanced arteriosclerosis. In 13 this was associated with thrombotic occlusion, often due to rupture of atheromatous plaques. The average duration of these grafts was 6--7 years compared to an average duration of 3 years for graft failure caused by occlusive intimal fibrosis, and 7 months for those associated with fibrosis and organizing thrombosis. Vein graft in the arterial circulation are susceptible to atherosclerosis; this becomes a significant problem after approximately 5 years. The pathologic changes closely resemble coronary arteriosclerosis. PMID- 6974508 TI - Correlation between circulating antigens detected by the radioimmunoprecipitation polyethylene glycol assay (RIPEGA) and C1q-binding immune complexes in human schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Circulating schistosome antigens (CSA) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were investigated in serum from 420 patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The radioimmunoprecipitation-polyethylene glycol assay with [125I] anti-S. mansoni rabbit antibodies appeared as a sensitive and specific method to quantify CSA. In fact, more than 75% of the patients showed significant levels of CSA. C1q binding CIC were also detected in 70% of subjects with schistosomiasis. In addition, a close correlation was observed between levels of CSA and CIC. These data suggest that part of the CIC present in human schistosomiasis are formed by schistosome specific antigens. PMID- 6974510 TI - Onchocerciasis in Guatemala. Epidemiology in fincas with various intensities of infection. AB - To provide quantitative information on the epidemiology of infection with Onchocerca volvulus and to define the association between indicators of infection and onchocercal eye disease, skin snips were obtained and skin and ocular examinations were performed on 892 persons living on seven Guatemalan coffee plantations. Skin-snip positivity and the density of microfilariae in the skin increased with age, reaching highest levels at 15-19 years, and both were greater in males than females. A history of nodulectomy was given by 67% of long-term residents and this percentage also increased with age. Over 90% of skin-snip positive subjects and 39% of skin-snip negative subjects had previous or present nodules. Microfilariae were detected in the cornea of 35.1% and in the anterior chamber of 18.9% of all persons examined and the frequencies increased with age, reaching peak levels at 10-19 years. Onchocercal eye lesions were found in 52 persons, causing bilateral blindness in six. Skin-snip positivity, microfilarial skin density, number of nodules, eye infection, and onchocercal eye lesions all correlated significantly with each other. Onchocercal blindness in one or both eyes was found only on fincas with a high prevalence (greater than 80%) and intensity of infection (greater than 22 microfilariae/mg skin). PMID- 6974509 TI - Eosinophilic meningitis in the New Hebrides: two outbreaks and two deaths. PMID- 6974511 TI - Comparative study of portacaval and mesocaval interposition shunts. AB - Portacaval and mesocaval interposition shunts using vascular prosthetic grafts were compared in 37 cirrhotic patients without portal vein thrombosis who were operated on for previous or active variceal hemorrhage. Operative indications and severity of liver disease were similar in the two groups of patients having one or the other procedure. The major difference in results was that none of the 23 patients with portacaval H-graft shunts had rebleeding, while 4 of 14 had rebleeding from varices after mesocaval interposition shunting. This contributed to the higher operative mortality associated with the latter procedure. The index of operative difficulty, as judged by blood loss and length of operation, and postshunt encephalopathy rates were similar for both procedures. Thus, while the mesocaval interposition shunt offers none of the reported theoretical advantages over portacaval H-graft shunt, it does place patients at greater risk of postoperative variceal rehemorrhage. It is concluded that the portacaval interposition shunt, because of its effectiveness and technical expediency, may be the operation of choice in cirrhotic patients with bleeding varices who are not otherwise candidates for other procedures which reduce portal flow less drastically. PMID- 6974512 TI - Kartagener's syndrome: a genetic defect affecting the function of cilia. AB - Kartagener's syndrome, originally described as situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and sinusitis, has recently been demonstrated to be the result of a genetic defect manifest in structural and functional abnormalities of cilia. The absence of dynein arms in the cilia of patients with Kartagener's syndrome has been found be several investigators, utilizing electron microscopy. The cilia of four siblings, two with the syndrome and two without it, were studied by this method. The siblings with Kartagener's syndrome had specific abnormalities of the cilia and the normal siblings did not. The pathophysiology of the disease is discussed and applied to the evaluation and management of patients with Kartagener's syndrome and the immotile cilia syndrome. PMID- 6974513 TI - [Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as a method of anesthesia in labor]. PMID- 6974514 TI - [Anesthesia by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the postoperative period in gynecologic operations]. PMID- 6974516 TI - A simple direct spectrophotometric assay for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 6974515 TI - Philadelphia chromosome--positive pre-B-lymphocytic leukemia in a child. AB - A boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) associated with a pre-B-cell phenotype and the Ph' chromosome is described. The Ph'-positive blasts with L3 morphology contained intracytoplasmic IgM but lacked surface immunoglobulins. The child's response to intensive chemotherapy was unsatisfactory. The short survival of our patient suggests that childhood leukemias expressing the pre-B-cell phenotype and Ph' chromosome may carry a poor prognosis. For that reason, the usefulness of cytogenetic and immunologic characterization of leukemic blasts at diagnosis is emphasized. PMID- 6974517 TI - Studies on fluorescent granular perithelium (F.G.P.) of rat cerebral cortex - especially referring to morphological changes in aging. AB - In this paper, the granule laden cells localizing around fine vessels in cerebral cortex were investigated with fluorescent, light and electron microscopes using Wistar rats. These cells were designated as fluorescent granular perithelial cells (F.G.P.). The findings obtained in this study were summarized as follows; 1. The F.G.P. were one of essential components of cerebral vessels and separated clearly from nervous tissue by a basal lamina. They were often observed at bifurcating regions of fine vessels. 2. The F.G.P. seemed to differentiate morphologically around birth, and the specific granules to them began to emit yellow fluorescence at second week and attained to a definite level of fluorescence intensity at eighth week. Microfluorometrically, the peak of emission stood at 530 micrometer. Accompanying with a growth of animals, eosinophilia of granules became strong. Sudanophilic areas in the F.G.P. were limited to a periphery of granules. Anisogranularity was evident in old rats age second and third year. 3. Electronmicroscopically, the specific cytoplasmic organelles in the F.G.P. were round electron opaque bodies and vesico-tubular system or sac shaped smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticula. The electron opaque bodies appeared clearly at second week after birth, and changed their profiles and contents with aging of rats. In old rats, they looked porous and honeycomb like structure, and sometimes, whole cytoplasm of the F.G.P. was occupied with these structures. Some sac shaped endoplasmic reticula contained less intense material in one side and seemed to be associated with a formation of electron opaque bodies. Further, it was very interesting that the extensions of some F.G.P. encircled completely the entire circumferences of cerebral vessels. It looked as if fine vessels would penetrate into the F.G.P. 4. After administration of major tranquilizers and prednisolone, fluorescence and eosinophilia of intracellular granules decreased moderately, and the other drugs, - vitamins E and B - enhanced the both. 5HT and 5HTP enhanced the fluorescence, but suppressed the eosinophilia. From the findings mentioned above, the F.G.P. were expected to play an important role in a transport of nourish substance from fine vessels to neurons, and in a removal of some products in the extracellular spaces of central nervous system. PMID- 6974519 TI - Separation and identification of equine leukocyte populations and subpopulations. AB - Various methods of separation and identification of major equine leukocyte populations and subpopulations were used. The purity of T and B lymphocytes separated in Sephadex anti-equine F(ab')2 columns was 87% to 99% and 83% of 97%, respectively. The purity of T lymphocytes separated in nylon-wool columns was 89% to 98%. Preparations of B lymphocytes separated in glass-bead columns were 68% to 79% pure. The presence (or absence) of surface immunoglobulin by immunofluorescence was the most consistent and reliable method for the identification of B or T lymphocytes, respectively. However, the erythrocyte antibody-complement-rosette method for the identification of B cells and the erythrocyte-rosette method for the identification of T cells were not suitable. Monocytes were separated by the adherence method, and the purity, as identified by the latex particle ingestion procedure, was 70% to 78%. Electron microscopy of monocytes stained by peroxidase activity did not identify these cells. The purity of neutrophils obtained by the Ficoll-Hypaque separation method was 95% to 97%. The merits and usefulness of these methods were discussed. PMID- 6974520 TI - Effect of excessive exposure to sodium fluoride on composition and crystallinity of equine bone tumors. AB - Sodium fluoride (5 mg/kg of body weight) was fed for 20 months to horses with hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), a skeletal disorder that primarily affects endochondral bones during skeletal development. Rib biopsies were performed on both HME horses not fed fluoride (control) and HME horses that were fed fluoride to obtain comparable specimens for chemical analyses and x-ray diffraction. Fluoride content of the rib from a horse fed fluoride for 20 months was approximately 20 to 30 times higher than that from a control horse. Fluoride content of the bone tumors was higher than those of normal bones in both control and fluoride-fed horses. The effect of fluoride uptake on the Ca/P ratio was slight. The Ca/P ratios did not differ significantly between tumorous and normal ribs. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the crystallinity (ie, crystal size/perfection) of the mineral apatite in tumor of the rib from the control horse was lower than that of normal bone from the same rib. Fluoride, however, induced a marked change in the crystallinity at both the tumorous and the normal bone sites. The crystallinity of the tumor apatite in the fluoride-fed horse exceeded that of normal bone in the control horse. Otherwise, there were not demonstrable fluoride-induced gross or radiographic changes in the bone tumors. PMID- 6974518 TI - Transneuronal vestibular afferent influence on the nodular molecular layer synaptogenesis. AB - The effect of vestibular afferent deprivation on the synaptogenesis of the nodular molecular layer has been studied quantitatively. No detectable effect on the time sequence of the development of the molecular layer and the external granular layer was found. Only around hatching a significantly reduced synaptic profile density was found in otocyst-deprived chickens on both halves of the nodulus. This effect can most easily be explained by the assumption of an anterograde transient transneuronal influence of vestibular afferents on the ability of parallel fibers to form synapses. PMID- 6974521 TI - Staging after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6974522 TI - [Cytogenetics of Cercopithecus (mona) campbelli. Comparison with other cercopithecus species and man (author's transl)]. AB - The karyotype of C. (mona) campbelli campbelli is described after applying various banding techniques. After comparing this karyotype with those of numerous other Cercopithecus species it becomes possible to situate C. (m.) c. campbelli in the phylogeny of the group. A comparison with the human karyotype, after high resolution banding, shows that both species differ by some forty rearrangements, essentially fissions and inversions. A fission of the chromosome homologous to the human no. 10 occurred in this taxon, thus reproducing a chromosome present in Prosimii and Lagomorpha (rabbit), which can be considered as a reverse mutation. PMID- 6974525 TI - Terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 4. Report of a case of 46, XY, del(4)(q31) and review of 4q- syndrome. AB - Using Q banding technique we recently identified a terminal deletion of the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome 4 in a male infant with multiple long arm of chromosome 4 in a male infant with multiple congenital anomalies. The breakpoint is at 4q31. The infant had hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge, short nasal septum with upturned nose, bilateral open cleft lip and palate, retro- and micrognathia, low set, malformed ear, short neck, distally placed nipples, a sacral dimple, hypospadias, dysplastic nails, overriding toes, simian creases, patterns on interdigital and hypothenar areas, hypoplasia of gallbladder, and cardiac defects consisting of tricuspid atresia, left sided vena cava and anomalous aortic arch. This case is compared to the eight previously reported 4q- cases. PMID- 6974524 TI - Two cases of ring chromosome 13. Chromosome banding patterns and mosaic configuration. AB - Two ring chromosomes 13 were studied by means of various cytogenetic techniques in two psychomotorically retarded male infants. Common features of our patients include microcephalia, hypertelorism, wide and prominent nose bridge, and cryptorchism. Various configurations of the aberrant chromosomes could be identified in cultured skin fibroblasts and peripheral lymphocytes from both patients. Chromosome heteromorphisms and analysis of silver stained nucleolus organizer regions (Ag-NOR) substantiated the parental origin of the ring chromosomes. The more severely affected patient showed a break point at band 13q32 in the long arm of the ring, whereas in the less severely affected the loss of material during ring formation was restricted to the telomere. This provides further evidence for a clinical relevance of the detected mosaic configurations of the rings. PMID- 6974526 TI - Balanced reciprocal (X;9) translocation in a girl with primary amenorrhea. AB - An 18-year-old girl with an X-autosome translocation t(X;9)(q22;q12) had primary amenorrhea without other manifestations of the Turner syndrome. X-replication and GALT activity studies showed that both of the two translocated X fragments and adjacent autosomal segments are active. An explanation is offered to account for the relationship between the abnormal karyotype and the phenotype. It is suggested that a position effect and/or an effect exerted between reactivation of the X chromosome and oocyte meiosis may be important in the pathogenesis of the amenorrhea. PMID- 6974527 TI - [Further study on the nature of a multicentury small Y chromosome (author's transl)]. AB - A study of a small Y chromosome, found in a family line established in Canada since 1664, and traced back in France in some descendants of a sixteenth century ancestor related to the canadian one, has shown, by C-, G- and Q-banding techniques, that it was deleted of the q12 segment. This study suggests that the del(Y)(q12) results from the oldest known chromosome aberration. PMID- 6974523 TI - [Genetic and epigenetic control of adenosine deaminase expression. Analysis of human and man-mouse hybrid cells (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of human-rodent hybrids showed the following: the assignment of the ADA1 structural gene to chromosome 20; the identification in hybrids of a new ADA, referred to as ADAx, with a migration more rapidly anodal than ADAd and less rapidly anodal than ADA1 (product of allele 1 or 2); ADAx and d are formed by ADA1 and ADCP (an adenosine deaminase complexing protein). ADCP synthesis is controlled, at least, by a gene (ADCP2) localized on chromosome 2, probably in the IDH1 region; the combined action of another gene (ADCP1), assigned by other authors to chromosome 6, could be neither proved nor disproved, if this gene exists, it must be on 6p or in the 6qter region; the presence of chromosomes 20, 2, and 6 does not constitute a sufficient condition for the formation of ADAx and d, in either the hybrids or the human strains or lines: other factors intervene in its formation, i.e., an interaction between the culture medium, the human parental strain or line, and the rodent parental line. PMID- 6974528 TI - An infant with trisomy 6q21 leads to 6qter. AB - A female who died shortly after birth with multiple congenital anomalies corresponding to the clinical picture of partial 6q trisomy is described and the autopsy findings are presented. The patient had an unbalanced chromosome complement with a 6q21 leads to 6qter duplication. Her mother is a balanced 46,XX,t(6;10)(q21;q26) carrier. PMID- 6974529 TI - A de novo interstitial deletion of band q21 on chromosome 6. PMID- 6974530 TI - Ring chromosome 11 [46,XX,r(11) (p15q25)] associated with clinical features of the 11q- syndrome. AB - A 2-year-old girl with a ring of chromosome 11[46,XX,r(11)(p15q25)] was reported. Her clinical features included growth and psychomotor retardation, microbrachycephaly, hypertelorism, strabismus externus, short nose, low nasal bridge, low-set ears, microretrognathism, short neck, small opening of vagina with large clitoris, deformity of nails, cafe-au-lait spot of the skin, general hirsutism, congenital heart disease, generalized convulsions, and pancytopenia. Most of these features are those characteristic of the 11q- syndrome. The fact that the patients with the deletion distal from q22 (reported cases) to q25 (our case) had a common phenotype suggests that the loss of the q25 leads to qter segment is mainly responsible for the characteristic clinical features of the 11q syndrome. PMID- 6974531 TI - [Distal trisomy 14q associated with agenesis of the corpus callosus and truncus arteriosus due to the maternal translocation t(5;14)(q13;q23q32) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974532 TI - Partial trisomy 13 (q21.3 leads to qter) resulting from a maternal translocation t (13;21). PMID- 6974534 TI - Familial partial distal 18q (18q22-18q23) trisomy. AB - Three siblings were found to have partial trisomy of the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q22-18q23). This partial 18qter trisomy is the unbalanced product of a maternal 6p/18q trisomy with insertion of the distal portion of 18q(18q22-18q23) into band 6p11. The available data on the different partial trisomies of chromosome 18 are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6974533 TI - Balanced and unbalanced pericentric inversion of chromosome 11. PMID- 6974535 TI - Pierre-Robin anomalad, moderate mental retardation and distal 4q deletion. PMID- 6974536 TI - Distal 10p deletion syndrome. PMID- 6974537 TI - A screening test for phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency. AB - A simple screening test for the detection of X-linked recessive phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency in blood is described. It is based on the conversion of 3 phosphoglycerate to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate catalyzed by the PGK whose activity is visually estimated by the oxidation of NADH (fluorescent) to NAD+ (non fluorescent) in a coupled reaction with the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The disappearance of fluorescence indicates PGK activity in the sample, while the contrary could be due to PGK deficiency. The utility of this test for the study of males with hereditary hemolytic anemia is stressed. PMID- 6974538 TI - Synergistic antibacterial activity of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin against beta-lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - The susceptibility of 47 strains of Haemophilus ducreyi to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, and the combination of both drugs was determined by agar dilution susceptibility testing. A synergistic antibacterial activity of the combination was found for beta-lactamase-producing strains. PMID- 6974539 TI - BRL 17421, a novel beta-lactam antibiotic, highly resistant to beta-lactamases, giving high and prolonged serum levels in humans. AB - BRL 17421 is a new semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic with an unusual spectrum of antibacterial activity. The compound exhibits exceptional stability to a wide range of bacterial beta-lactamases and is active against the majority of Enterobacteriaceae, including strains highly resistant to many of the penicillins and cephalosporins currently available. Among the clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae tested, the frequency of strains resistant to BRL 17421 was found to be low, and there was a slow rate of emergence of resistance during in vitro studies. BRL 17421 was highly active against Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including beta-lactamase-producing strains. The compound was markedly less active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacteroides fragilis than against the Enterobacteriaceae. Against the gram-positive bacteria, BRL 17421 showed a very low level of activity. BRL 17421 was found to be 85% bound to human serum, and the antibacterial activity was diminished two- to fourfold in the presence of human serum. Against experimental infections in mice, the activity of BRL 17421 reflected the properties observed in vitro. Studies in human volunteers showed unusually high and prolonged serum concentrations of the compound after parenteral dosage, with a serum half-life of about 5 h, and approximately 85% of the dose was recovered unchanged in the urine. BRL 17421 was poorly absorbed after oral administration. The compound was well tolerated after intramuscular and intravenous administration in volunteers, with no adverse side effects. PMID- 6974540 TI - Rapid detection of chloramphenicol resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. AB - We compared a rigid (1-h) screening method for the detection of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity with the standard spectrophotometric CAT assay to determine whether CAT-mediated chloramphenicol resistance in Haemophilus influenzae could be determined upon primary isolation. Of 58 H. influenzae cell sonicates, 28 had detectable CAT activity when the chloramphenicol-dependent production of free coenzyme A from acetyl coenzyme A was measured spectrophotometrically (standard method). These 28 strains were identified as producing CAT by the rapid method which uses lysed cell suspensions and a color change to detect CAT. The remaining 30 strains did not have CAT activity detectable by either method. This 1-h test for CAT should prove to be useful for the early presumptive identification of chloramphenicol resistance in H. influenzae. PMID- 6974542 TI - An immunochemical study of proteins with SP1 determinants in native and acidified pregnancy serum. AB - The alpha and beta forms of the pregnancy-associated protein, SP1, have been studied in late pregnancy serum and in similar serum after acidification. In both sera only two forms of the protein, SP1 alpha and SP1 beta, could be found; both reacting with antisera against SP1. On gel chromatography these two forms could be separated, with the intermediate effluent containing a varying mixture of both proteins. Immunoelectrophoresis of the effluent fractions from gel chromatography showed rocket shaped immunoprecipitates whose morphology depended on the mixture of SP1 alpha and SP1 beta. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis confirmed that only two proteins could be defined with SP1 antisera; the front running protein having an alpha 2 electrophoretic mobility and a molecular weight of 430,000, while the slower moving component had the electrophoretic mobility of a beta 1 globulin and a molecular weight of 90,000. PMID- 6974544 TI - The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of non-narcotic analgesic drug mixtures in rats. AB - The effects of non-narcotic analgesics have been examined, separately and in admixture, on carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema and on yeast-induced hyperalgesia and hyperthermia in adult rats. The efficacy of the drugs was evaluated using the kinetics of drug-receptor interaction. In addition, the hypothesis was tested that the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of the drug mixtures used equal the addition of the activities of the individual drugs and could be predicted from their intrinsic activities and affinities. Dose-dependent inhibition of paw oedema, hyperalgesia and hyperthermia was observed after oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), paracetamol, phenacetin (60, 125, 250 and 500 mg.kg--1), and caffeine (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg.kf--1). Over the dose-ranges used, the anti-inflammatory activities of paracetamol, phenacetin and caffeine tended to be smaller than that of aspirin. The dose producing a semi-maximal effect for caffeine was lower than that for aspirin which in turn was comparable to that for paracetamol or phenacetin. The analgesic activities of phenacetin and caffeine were classified as stronger than that of aspirin, whereas the efficacy of paracetamol was similar. Paracetamol and aspirin were comparable as antipyretics. The antipyretic activity of phenacetin was higher but that of caffeine was lower than that of aspirin. For caffeine the dose producing a semi-maximal effect was lower than that of aspirin. Within the dose-ranges used, low doses of mixtures of aspirin with either paracetamol, phenacetin or caffeine exhibited anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities which were not different from the activities expected on the basis of addition. Incidentally, at some of the higher dose levels potentiation of the activity of the drugs was found. Low doses of the triple combinations: aspirin + paracetamol + caffeine and aspirin + phenacetin + caffeine showed anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities which were not different from those expected on the basis of addition, but the activities observed with higher doses of these combinations indicated potentiation. It is concluded that, in the rat, the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of dual and triple combinations of aspirin, paracetamol, phenacetin and caffeine at least equal the activities expected on the basis of addition. PMID- 6974543 TI - Comparison of distal and proximal splenorenal shunts: a randomized prospective trial. AB - Controversy still surrounds the place of portalsystemic shunting in the therapy of bleeding esophageal varices. Recently, a selective shunt, the distal splenorenal shunt, has achieved some degree of popularity and, apparently, is associated with less chronic encephalopathy. Because of this, a trial was initiated at the Massachusetts General Hospital and continued at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, prospectively randomizing central and distal splenorenal shunts in consecutive elective cases of patients with established variceal bleeding. Preoperative evaluation included endoscopic examination at the time of hemorrhage, angiography and upper gastrointestinal series, emphasis on mental function including EEG, amino acids, neurologic examination, as well as standard liver chemistries. Nineteen patients underwent central splenorenal shunts and 23 distal splenorenal shunt. There was one operative death from hemorrhagic pancreatitis in a Child's Class A patient with distal splenorenal shunt. Four late deaths, from gunshot wound, auto accident, overwhelming pneumonitis similar to postsplenectomy syndrome, and metastatic carcinoma (2.5 years after operation), have been recorded in the distal splenorenal shunt group, and none in the central splenorenal shunt group. On follow-up angiographic examination, six shunts have clotted, with three patients requiring reoperation, generally mesocaval shunt. There has been no chronic encephalopathy, three individual episodes of encephalopathy, two in the central splenorenal shunt group and one in the distal splenorenal shunt group, two associated with gastrointestinal bleeding and one with intercurrent infection and overdiuresis. Follow-up liver chemistries and amino acids which may be useful as an indicator of hepatic function suggest that although the distal shunt group had a better amino acid pattern before operation, branched-chain amino acids tend to become lower in the distal group while remaining the same in the central group. Aromatic amino acids increase post shunt, equally in the two groups. The results do not support the contention that distal splenorenal shunt is associated either with greater survival or freedom from encephalopathy than central splenorenal shunt, a small side-to-side shunt. Ascites seems better controlled by the central splenorenal shunt. PMID- 6974541 TI - Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to chloramphenicol and eight beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - We examined the minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations of chloramphenicol, ampicillin, ticarcillin, cefamandole, cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceforanide, and moxalactam for 100 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, 25 of which produced beta-lactamase. Susceptibility was not influenced by the capsular characteristic of the organism. The mean minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefamandole, ticarcillin, and ampicillin for beta lactamase-producing strains were 3-, 120-, and 400-fold higher than their respective mean minimal inhibitory concentrations for beta-lactamase-negative strains. No such difference was noted for the other antibiotics. We performed time-kill curve studies, using chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cefamandole, cefotaxime, and moxalactam with two concentrations of the antimicrobial agents (4 or 20 times the minimal inhibitory concentrations) and two inoculum sizes (10(4) or 10(6) colony-forming units per ml). The inoculum size had no appreciable effect on the rate of killing of beta-lactamase-negative strains. The rates at which beta-lactamase-producing strains were killed by chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, and moxalactam was not influenced by the inoculum size. Whereas cefamandole in high concentrations was able to kill at 10(6) colony-forming units/ml of inoculum, it had only a temporary inhibiting effect at low drug concentrations. Methicillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor CP-45,899 were able to neutralize the inactivation of cefamandole by a large inoculum of beta lactamase-producing H. influenzae. PMID- 6974545 TI - [Hemorrhagic hypertrophic gastropathy in a child. A 15 year follow-up]. AB - A 7 year-old boy with hypertrophic gastropathy and anemia is described. He was given a substitutive therapy and was under regular control. Upper G.I. bleeding disappeared when he was 15 but hypochlorhydria, radiologic changes and hyperplasia of mucus-secreting cells persisted up to the 22nd year of life. Transient intestinal metaplasia of fundic mucosa was found at 16. Several of these findings are similar to those in Menetrier's disease in adults. PMID- 6974547 TI - Regulatory factors in human serum: effect on murine T cells. AB - Effect of lymphocyte E rosette stimulatory and inhibitory factors from human serum on murine T cells was studied. It was shown that the stimulatory factor (a polypeptide, temperature sensitive, with a molecular weight about 20,000, isolated from healthy individuals) interacted, in vitro, with murine spleen T cell precursors and generated formation of Thy-1,2+ cells. The cells generated were also active in GvH reaction. The stimulatory factor induced, in vitro, formation of cortisone-resistant thymocytes. Unfractionated pool of spleen cells treated with the inhibitory factor (a beta-lipoprotein isolated from sera of humans with active pulmonary tuberculosis) showed lower number of Thy-1,2+ cells, and lower activity in GvH reaction. However, when the spleen cells were subsequently treated with the stimulatory factor, the initial number of Thy-1,2+ cells was restored. It was confirmed that the factors did not interact with the target cells in the presence of prostaglandin inhibitors. PMID- 6974546 TI - B lymphocytes in newborns. AB - B lymphocyte markers in 24 full term newborn infants were evaluated within four days after birth. It was demonstrated that the percentage of cells with surface immunoglobulins (SmIg) in the blood of these subjects was normal when the lymphocytes were stained with polyvalent as well as monospecific antisera. The percentage of cells bearing Fc receptors were found to be slightly, but not significantly, reduced. The ability of newborn lymphocytes to form rosettes with mouse erythrocytes was significantly reduced. The hypothesis that the B dependent system reaches complete maturity already at the first days after birth is discussed. PMID- 6974548 TI - [A novel type of analgesic antiphlogistics, I: 2,3-Dihydro-2 phenylbenzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxides with basic substituents (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974549 TI - The temporal structure of motivation IV: A reexamination of extinction effects in intracranial reward. PMID- 6974550 TI - Immunologic and hematopoietic alterations by 2,450-MHz electromagnetic radiation. AB - A biphasic modulation of responsiveness of spleen lymphocytes to mitogens was observed in mice exposed to 2,450-MHz radiation at power densities of 5-15 mW/cm2 over various periods ranging between one and 17 days. This modulated phenomenon may be explained on the basis of 1) suppression of lymphocyte response to microwave-activated macrophages which persists throughout the entire course of radiation, and 2) concurrent progressive direct stimulation of lymphocytes which culminates around day 9 of exposure. Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes from mice exposed to five or nine days of radiation did not appear different from sham controls. The highly proliferative hematopoietic marrow cells were sensitive to microwave radiation. Nine days of exposure to radiation (15 mW/cm2) reduced the colony-forming units of myeloid and erythroid series by 50%. This observation may offer a new and more sensitive assay for studying biological effects of electromagnetic radiation. PMID- 6974551 TI - Biologic effects of microwave exposure. II. Studies on the mechanisms controlling susceptibility to microwave-induced increases in complement receptor-positive spleen cells. AB - In attempting to evaluate the mechanisms responsible for susceptibility to the inductive increase in splenic complement receptor-positive (CR+) cells following exposure to 2450-MHz microwaves, it was found that sensitivity to microwave induced CR+ cell increases was under genetic control. In particular, evidence was accumulated suggesting that regulation was under the control of a gene or genes closely associated with but outside of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (H-2). All responsive strains of mice tested were of the H-2k haplotype, while mice of the H-2a, H-2b, H-2d and H-1i5 haplotypes were refractory to the microwave-induced increases in CR+ cells. By utilizing certain H-2k strains of mice that were genetically unable to respond to endotoxin, we were able to show that these strains of mice responded to microwaves, but not to endotoxin, by increasing CR+ cells. Microwave-induced increases in CR+ cells were not mimicked by the intraperitoneal injection of hydrocortisone. Athymic mice responded to microwave exposure, indicating that this event was not regulated by the T-cell population. Mice less than eight weeks old were found not to be susceptible to exposure to 2450-MHz microwaves. These studies indicate that microwaves do induce changes in the population of cells with specific cell-surface receptors, that susceptibility to these changes is under genetic control, and that it is unlikely that endotoxin, corticosteroids, or regulatory T cells play a significant role in the mechanisms regulating these increases. PMID- 6974555 TI - Relationship between immune response to hydralazine and to deoxyribonuclease in patients receiving hydralazine. AB - In a prospective study of 21 hypertensive patients receiving hydralazine for 1 year, we found a close relationship between development of antibodies to deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) and to hydralazine but no evidence for cross reactivity between antibodies to these two antigens. Of 8 patients who developed increased levels of antiDNP, 7 also developed antibodies to hydralazine. Inhibition of the reaction between DNP and antiDNP as measured by radioimmunoassay in 3 patients with hydralazine lupus could not be achieved with large amounts of hydralazine. However, antibodies to DNP produced in guinea pigs immunized with hydralazine conjugates could be inhibited with hydralazine in accordance with previous studies by others on rabbits. In the human, antibodies to DNP which develop during hydralazine administration are not due to cross reactive antibodies nor do they appear as a result of immune response to an in vivo hydralazine DNP conjugate. PMID- 6974553 TI - The heterogeneity of serologic findings and predisposing host factors in drug induced lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6974552 TI - Sex steroid hormones and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6974554 TI - Immunologic effects of hydralazine in hypertensive patients. AB - Twenty-seven hypertensive patients (23 blacks, 4 whites) treated with hydralazine had frequent serologic evidence of autoimmunity. However, only 1 patient developed a lupus syndrome. Acetylator phenotype influenced the autoimmune response; slow acetylators had a higher incidence and titers of autoantibodies. The lupus patient not only had high titers of autoantibodies but they were predominantly IgG in contrast to the predominant IgM antibodies found in other slow acetylators. Hydralazine treatment did not alter cell-mediated immune responses and hydralazine antibodies were not detected. However, half the patients tested who received hydralazine had positive lymphoproliferative responses to the drug. PMID- 6974556 TI - Molecular models for hydralazine-related systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6974557 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies on the drug-related lupus syndrome. Differences in antinuclear antibody development and drug-induced DNA damage in rapid and slow acetylator animal models. AB - Pharmacogenetic study of an inbred mouse model system derived from A/J (slow acetylator) and C57BL/6J (rapid acetylator) parental strains shows that spontaneous occurrence of antinuclear antibodies is associated with the slow acetylator phenotype although the development of spontaneous and procainamide induced antinuclear antibodies is a dissociable process. In another study using primary cultures of intact hepatocytes obtained from slow and rapid acetylator rabbits, observations indicate that the amount of DNA damage induced by exposure to hydrazine and arylamine containing foreign compounds depends on the concentration of the foreign compound used as well as on the acetylator phenotype. Exposure to hydralazine induced greater DNA damage in slow acetylator hepatocytes whereas exposure to the arylamine carcinogen, 2-aminofluorene, induced greater DNA damage in rapid acetylator hepatocytes. PMID- 6974558 TI - [Pancreatitis in infants with a clinical diagnosis of septicemia]. AB - Considering the possibility that during septicemic processes, pancreatitis could develop, 10 infants were studied when the clinical diagnosis of septicemia was established. With this purpose, the clinical manifestations present in the patients were recorded and the activities of serum amilase and lipase were determined at 24 hour intervals during the first three days and these studies were repeated on the 5th and 7th days. The results showed an abnormally high serum lipase activity, especially in 6 of the 10 infants. The amilase was found within normal limits with a tendency to drop in certain cases. This information suggest the presence of acute pancreatitis in some of the subjects studied. PMID- 6974560 TI - Some effects of pretectum lesions on the frogs' detection of stationary objects. AB - Frogs with bilateral aspiration lesions of the caudal thalamus were unable to avoid collision with a vertically striped barrier that partly surrounded the animal. This striking deficit co-existed with normal visual guidance of feeding and avoidance of threat. In addition, all lesioned animals were unable to turn towards an aperture within black or white enclosures in order to escape noxious stimulation. Some residual detection of stationary edges remains, however, since most lesioned animals were able to avoid a small barrier placed before them. It is concluded that pretectal visual neurons play a key role in the detection of stationary objects in contrast to the motion detection functions of the frogs optic tectum. PMID- 6974561 TI - [Seasonal rhythm in 25-hydroxyvitamin D blood levels]. AB - A retrospective study of the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was performed over a one-year period, using data from 158 healthy subjects aged 40-80 years. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was determined by competitive protein binding assay; the method included a chromatographic step. A noticeable seasonal variation was observed, with a maximum in summer. PMID- 6974559 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae sensitivity to ampicillin and chloramphenicol in children in Mexico City]. AB - The sensitivity to chloramphenicol and ampicillin of 127 strains of H. influenzae was tested. One hundred and one strains were obtained from the pharyngeal exudate of 828 healthy carriers under 5 years of age and 26 from the spinal fluid of children with meningoencephalitis. Sixty per cent of isolations corresponded to type b; 40 per cent were non typical and we only identified one type e. All H. influenzae obtained from spinal fluid corresponded to type b. The frequency of healthy carriers was greater in intrafamily contacts of children with H. influenza meningoencephalitis (p less than 0.01). Percentages of resistance to ampicillin varied between 6 and 23% for the different groups; we found no statistical difference among them (p less than 0.2). The prevalence of H. influenza resistant to ampicillin in the population studied was 1.2% for type b strains and 0.2% for non typical bacteria. Fourteen per cent of penicillin resistant type b strains were identified; all 127 isolations were to chloramphenicol; therefore, we recommend this drug instead of ampicillin for the treatment of H. influenza infections, with the exception of acute otitis media. PMID- 6974562 TI - [Evaluation of various hematologic parameters in Andean miners (Morococha-Peru 4560 m)]. AB - In other Author's previous studies refer that prolonged CO exposure, as chronic altitude exposure, causes marked increases in Hb and Htc levels. We had intended to study these hematologic changes on three non-smokers' group : Miners of the Andes working at CO exposure ambients, Residents and European Subjects living a. s. l. and exposed at 4560 m. Statistical analysis, according with literature, has shown significant difference in the three groups' Hb and Htc ratio, in comparison with sea level control values. We had moreover observed that HbCO of the Miners' group reached, sometimes, 8, 2% values. It does not seem, however, that the higher HbCO levels noted in the Miners' group are sufficiently elevated for producing a further increase in Hb and Htc ratio compared to the other two control group. PMID- 6974563 TI - [Adenosine deaminase activity in T-enriched and T-depleted preparations of human peripheral lymphocytes]. AB - Adenosine deaminase activity has been determined in T-enriched and T-depleted preparations of peripheral mononuclear cells from 6 normal subjects. T-enriched populations showed ADA levels lower than unseparated mononuclear cells (1.84 +/- 0.30 vs. 2.36 +/- 0.59 nmol NH3/min/10(6) cells). The highest values were found in T-depleted populations (2.46 +/- 0.39). Considering T cells percentages in our mononuclear cell preparations, T cells account for 64% of the biochemical ADA activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the remaining 36% is due to non-T cells. The method for cell separation and enzymatic activity determination we used could be highly suitable for monitoring ADA levels in pathological conditions. PMID- 6974565 TI - Decreased lymphocyte reactivity and auto-immunity in alopecia areata. AB - T lymphocyte numbers and functions were measured in forty-six patients with alopecia areata and thirty healthy controls. In patients with alopecia areata, lymphocyte reactivity to extracts of scalp and hair follicles was not detected by 3H thymidine incorporation. 3H Thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes cultured with PPD, Varidase and C. albicans was significantly reduced in cells from patients compared with controls and correlated with the extent of hair loss and the presence of antithyroid antibodies. Decreased lymphocyte responses to PPD and Varidase were not due to the presence of suppressor monocytes because removal of monocytes with carbonyl iron did not increase lymphocyte reactivity. However, responsiveness to C. albicans was augmented by removal of monocytes. T cell numbers were significantly lower than in controls (P less than 0.005); patients with auto-antibodies had fewer T cells than patients without them. The relationship of reduced T cell function and auto-immunity to alopecia areata is discussed. PMID- 6974564 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta glycoprotein (SP1) in tumours of the human gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6974566 TI - Membrane charge as effector of cytochrome P-450LM2 catalyzed reactions in reconstituted liposomes. AB - The phospholipid specificity of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450LM2 catalyzed hydroxylation reactions was examined in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles. An apparent linear relationship between the negative charge of the vesicles and the rate of P-450LM2-catalyzed O-dealkylation of p-nitroanisole or 7 ethoxycoumarin was obtained. The membrane charge-mediated increase in hydroxylation activities was found not to be due to (i) an altered lipid/water partition coefficient of the substrate, (ii) a change in the apparent Michaelis constant of P-450LM2 for the substrate, (iii) a different activation energy of the O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole, (iv) different spin states of P-450LM2 or (v) an altered secondary structure of this enzyme as monitored by circular dichroism. However, when the formation of the ferrous carbonyl complex of P 450LM2 was followed under aerobic or anaerobic conditions after the addition of NADPH to the vesicles, an increased negative charge of the membrane was accompanied by an increased reducibility of P-450LM2. A similar linear relationship between the reducibility of cytochrome b5 and the negative charge of the liposomes was also evident in membranes containing NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome b5. It is proposed that the interaction of the reductase with P-450LM2 is inefficient in neutral vesicles and thus rate determining for the overall hydroxylation activities. PMID- 6974567 TI - Double-resonance experiments at 500 MHz on gene-5 protein and its complex with octadeoxyriboadenylic acid. AB - In this paper, a detailed description is presented of the aromatic part of the 500-MHZ 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the helix-destabilizing gene-5 protein (GVP) encoded by the coliphage M13. As a result of the resolution obtained at 500 MHZ, it was possible to perform selective decoupling and time resolved selective Overhauser experiments. The magnitudes of the observed Overhauser effects compare favorably with magnitudes expected on the basis of theoretical calculations. These experiments in conjunction with selective decoupling experiments allowed a detailed interpretation of the aromatic part of the protein spectrum. The spectrum of the aromatic part of the GVP-d(A)8 complex could be interpreted in a similar fashion. The ring protons of one phenylalanyl residue and of two tyrosyl residues show rather large shifts upon complex formation. This indicates that these residues are involved in the interaction with the DNA molecule in accordance with earlier observations. Direct evidence for the proximity of these aromatic rings and the DNA fragment in the complex was obtained by additional Overhauser experiments. It turns out that the H3',H4', and/or the H5' sugar protons of the oligonucleotide are situated near the ring protons of (most likely) two or all three of the aromatic residues of which the resonances undergo large shifts upon complex formation. PMID- 6974568 TI - Enthalpy and volume changes accompanying electron transfer from P-870 to quinones in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides reaction centers. AB - A capacitor microphone was used to measure the enthalpy and volume changes that accompany the electron transfer reactions, PQAhv leads to P+Q-A and PQAQBhv leads to P+QAQ-B, following flash excitation of photosynthetic reaction centers isolated from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. P is a bacteriochlorophyll dimer (P 870), and QA and QB are ubiquinones. In reaction centers containing only QA, the enthalpy of P+Q-A is very close to that of the PQA ground state (delta Hr = 0.05 +/- 0.03 eV). The free energy of about 0.65 eV that is captured in the photochemical reaction evidently takes the form of a substantial entropy decrease. In contrast, the formation of P+QAQ-B in reaction centers containing both quinones has a delta Hr of 0.32 +/- 0.02 eV. The entropy change must be near zero in this case. In the presence of o-phenanthroline, which blocks electron transfer between Q-A and QB, delta Hr for forming P+Q-AQB is 0.13 +/- 0.03 eV. The influence of flash-induced proton uptake on the results was investigated, and the delta Hr values given above were measured under conditions that minimized this influence. Although the reductions of QA and QB involve very different changes in enthalpy and entropy, both reactions are accompanied by a similar volume decrease of about 20 ml/mol. The contraction probably reflects electrostriction caused by the charges on P+ and Q-A or Q-B. PMID- 6974569 TI - Localization of A protein in the RNA-A protein complex of RNA phage MS2. AB - The site of interaction of phage MS2 A protein on MS2 RNA was determined by analysing the base sequence of the RNA fragment which was released from the RNAase-resistant complex prepared by RNAase digestion of RNA-A protein complex. The result showed that there were two types of RNA fragment: one had a sequence which corresponded to the sequence of the 5'-side maturation region of MS2 RNA and the other corresponded to the sequence of the 3'-side untranslated region. These results were confirmed by a competition experiment in in vitro reconstitution system using f2 defective RNA, lacking about 30% of the 5'-side, and MS2 5FUra (5-fluorouracil) RNA, lacking about 35% of the 3'-side, as competitors. These results seem to indicate that the A protein is bound to at least two sites on MS2 RNA. PMID- 6974570 TI - On the differential suppression of cholesterol synthesis by low density lipoprotein in B and T lymphocytes. AB - Cholesterol synthesis and its suppression by low density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured in purified B and T peripheral blood lymphocytes. After preincubation for 53 h in lipoprotein-deficient serum, both B and T cells exhibited increased cholesterol synthesis as compared with synthesis measured in cells immediately after their isolation from blood and without preincubation with lipoprotein-deficient serum. The magnitude of this increase was far greater in T cells in comparison with that in B cells in all subjects studied. But, whereas there was an immediate and progressive suppression of cholesterol synthesis in lipoprotein-deficient serum-incubated T cells as the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the medium was increased, synthesis in lipoprotein deficient serum-incubated B cells remained insensitive to the presence of low density lipoprotein in the medium. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity was observed also to follow a similar pattern in both cell types. These observations may imply that one or more events, including binding of low density lipoprotein to its receptor, internalization and degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor complex finally leading to suppression of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and cholesterol synthesis, fail to take place in B cells. PMID- 6974571 TI - [Role of intracellular Ca-depots in the mechanism of action of caffeine on excitation-contraction coupling in the frog myocardium]. AB - Caffeine inotropic effects on frog atrial and ventricular muscle were studied under different patterns of stimulation. It was found that in the course of repetitive stimulation (0.5/s) caffeine produced transient potentiation and following inhibition of contractions which were accompanied by an increase in the rate of tension development, a decrease of the time to peak tension, an increase in relaxation duration and a decrease in the relaxation rate. Caffeine reduced the increment of contraction amplitude in Bowdich staircase under stimulation of the heart muscle with a series of impulses. It was concluded that caffeine caused the depletion of calcium in the intracellular stores. On the basis of literature and our data a scheme was proposed to account for two-phase caffeine action on the frog myocardium. According to this scheme caffeine acts simultaneously on both stages of excitation-contraction coupling: it alters calcium current and prevents Ca accumulation in the intracellular stores. PMID- 6974573 TI - [Effect of nickel ions on electromechanical coupling in frog skeletal muscle fibers]. PMID- 6974572 TI - [Localization of minor proteins and structural changes in the myosin filaments of vertebrate striated muscle]. AB - The origin of meridional reflections in the X-ray diffraction patterns of vertebrate skeletal muscles in resting and rigor states was studied. The main results may be summarized as follows. 1. Most of the meridional reflections localized in groups at the positions of successive orders of the repeat period of about 430 A are contributed mainly by the C-protein component of thick filaments. 2. The meridional reflections at about 143 and 72 A in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the resting muscle are contributed mainly by the cross-bridge axial repeat period, while in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the rigorized muscle the reflections at approximately the same positions are contributed mainly by C protein. The change in the positions of these particular reflections accompanying the transition of the muscle from rest to rigor and from rest to contraction cannot be considered as an indication of a change in the axial repeat period of the cross-bridges, as it was earlier suggested by some authors. 3. The transition of the muscle from resting to rigor state is accompanied by substantial changes in the positions of the meridional reflections contributed my minor proteins, which is indicative of the structural transition in the thick filaments. The observed changes may be interpreted as the result of the thick filaments elongation by about 1.5% or, alternatively, as a consequence of the redistribution of electron density of the meridional reflections 215 and 143 A during a single twitch of the muscle (Huxley et al., Nature, 1980 284, 140) may be interpreted as a natural consequence of the structural change in the thick filaments. It is concluded therefore that on stimulation of the vertebrate skeletal muscle the thickness filaments undergo a reversible structural change which may reflect the existence of myosin-linked regulation in that type of muscle. PMID- 6974574 TI - Image reconstruction technique for positron emission systems with measurement of time-difference information. PMID- 6974576 TI - Elimination and distribution of different substituted phenols by frog (Rana temporaria) and crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus). PMID- 6974577 TI - HLA B27 and uveitis. PMID- 6974578 TI - Combined surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with high dose methotrexate and folinic acid rescue (HDMTX-CF) for infiltrating tumours of the bladder. PMID- 6974575 TI - The role of macrophages and T-lymphocytes in glucan-mediated alteration of murine hemopoiesis. AB - We have investigated the mechanism of glucan-mediated increase of splenic (SPL) and decrease of bone marrow (BM) hemopoiesis in B6DF1 mice. To determine the involvement of macrophages in these phenomena, B6DF1 mice were treated with silica 24 hrs prior to glucan injection and then tested for BM and SPL CFU-GM and CFU-S activities. Silica treatment reduced significantly augmentation of SPL, but not the decrease of BM CFU-GM proliferation, indicating that the former phenomenon is macrophage dependent, whereas the latter is not. Since no change in BM or SPL CFU-S proliferation was observed after silica treatment, it appears that macrophages are not involved in glucan-caused alterations of CFU-S. Athymic mice (not possessing mature T cell functions) also exhibited decreased BM and increased SPL CFU-GM proliferation after glucan treatment; however, the SPL CFU GM augmentation in athymic mice was not as dramatic. Hence, although glucan's action did not appear to be completely dependent on mature T-cells, these cells appear in some way to act with macrophages to enhance the proliferation of SPL CFU-GM after glucan treatment. PMID- 6974579 TI - 'Currents and clots'--an approach to the problem of acute variceal bleeding. AB - The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube will frequently control haemorrhage from oesophageal varices but a large proportion of patients rebleed soon after removing the tube and the hospital mortality in these patients is high. It has been demonstrated that the passage of an electric current across a blood vessel wall will precipitate a thrombus on the positively charged electrode, leading to complete occlusion of the vessel. A direct current of 3.2 mA/cm2 of electrode passed for 1 h produced complete occlusion of the femoral vein in the dog, without arterial occlusion or adjacent tissue damage. A system of longitudinal flexible gold-plated strip electrodes was placed around the oesophageal component of a Sengstaken tube. The technique has been applied in 8 poor risk patients with active variceal bleeding; haemorrhage was arrested in 7 of these on removal of the tube. PMID- 6974581 TI - The acute treatment of haemorrhage from oesophageal varices: a comparison of oesophageal transection and staple gun anastomosis with mesocaval shunt. PMID- 6974582 TI - Sprouting and synapse formation by motor axons separated from their cell bodies. PMID- 6974580 TI - Retrograde electrical pacing of the small intestine--a new treatment for the short bowel syndrome? AB - Retrograde electrical pacing has been shown to increase absorption of sodium, glucose and water from a continuously perfused jejunal segment in dogs. Under similar circumstances, absorption of xylose, magnesium, calcium and chloride was also increased by pacing compared with before and after its use (P less than 0.005). Following massive distal small intestinal resection, dogs undergoing post cibal retrograde pacing showed an increase in body weight (P less than 0.005) and a decrease in faecal fat (P less than 0.005) and nitrogen (P less than 0.01) losses during the test period, compared with similarly prepared dogs who did not undergo pacing. These results suggest that pot-cibal retrograde electrical pacing of the small intestine may have a place in the management of patients with the short bowel syndrome. PMID- 6974583 TI - The timing of channel opening during miniature end-plate currents. AB - Many chemical transmitters act by opening channels with exponentially distributed life-times. We present a way to analyze a synaptic current in terms of its component channels. We can estimate the numbers and times of channel opening within the synaptic current. This approach is used to study miniature end-plate currents (m.e.p.c.s) at the frog neuromuscular junction. The results support the idea that some transmitter rebinds after dissociation from post-synaptic receptors, and suggest that the time of channel closing is related to the time at which acetylcholine leaves the receptor. PMID- 6974584 TI - Antidromic inhibition of acetylcholine release from presynaptic nerve terminals in bullfrog's sympathetic ganglia. AB - In isolated bullfrog's sympathetic ganglia it was examined if the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from presynaptic nerve terminals was changed when postsynaptic ganglion cells were activated antidromically. The fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (fast EPSP) of ganglion cells was found to be depressed, whereas the nicotinic ACh potential of these cells was not depressed, immediately after these ganglion cells were activated by antidromic axonal or direct intracellular stimulations. This indicates that activation of ganglion cells results in inhibiton of the release of ACh from their presynaptic nerve terminals. Such an antidromic inhibition of ACh release could not be clearly observed when preparations were perfused with Ca2+-deficient solution or when adrenaline (10(-5) M) was added to the superfusion solution. Frequency of the spontaneous miniature EPSP was also found to be decreased after antidromic activation of ganglion cells. On the basis of these results it was concluded that some kind of transmitter was released from activated ganglion cells which inhibited ACh release by acting on preganglionic nerve terminals. This putative neurotransmitter was suggested to be adrenaline. PMID- 6974585 TI - Is cardioplegic rearrest safe? AB - In cardiac bypass procedures the use of anoxic arrest or ventricular fibrillation is known to cause severe myocardial damage. The authors have investigated the safety of using cardioplegic rearrest when surgical difficulties are encountered at the end of cardiac bypass procedure after cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion of the myocardium. From their clinical experience with 12 patients and laboratory experience with 13 pigs the authors conclude that although cardioplegic rearrest is not ideal it can be used safely in this situation. PMID- 6974586 TI - T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6974587 TI - Dysmenorrhea: a new approach to an old problem. PMID- 6974588 TI - Karyotypic changes in serial transfers of leukemic cells of AKR mouse. AB - Four spontaneous AKR leukemias (T67, T68, T70, and T74) with a modal chromosome number of 40 were transplanted serially to syngeneic mice in order to assess the significance of trisomy 15 and other karyotypic changes in the development of leukemia. In T67 and T70, the chromosomally normal cell disappeared completely or decreased considerably in frequency at the first passage in vivo. The karyotype of the modal cells changed continuously in T67 during transplantation, conserving trisomy 17, while the pseudodiploid cells with trisomy 15 and monosomy X were stable from the first to the seventh transplant generations of T70. In contrast to these results, the primary cell population of T68 and T74 with modal cells having a normal karyotype remained essentially unchanged throughout 7 or 15 transplant generations, despite the occurrence of aneuploidy, which included trisomy 15 or trisomy 17 in low frequencies. It is thus evident that the diploid cell is compatible with being leukemic and that neither trisomy 15 nor trisomy 17 is necessary for the initiation and progression of AKR leukemia, although the former was detected in three of four primary leukemias used for this experiment and in all four during transplantation. PMID- 6974589 TI - Chromosome 14q+ in adult T-cell leukemia. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed on leukemic cells from two patients with adult T-cell leukemia. A 14q+ marker chromosome was found in the peripheral blood leukocytes from patient No. 1 and in a leukemic T-cell line (MT-1) derived from the peripheral blood of patient No. 2. The 14q+ resulted from a t(12;14) in patient No. 1 and from a t(Y;14) in patient No. 2 with a break point at 14q32 in each case. In addition, the leukemic cells from patient No. 1 showed a t(1;7) and a 9q-, while the MT-1 line had numerous structural abnormalities. Thus, it is clear that a 14q+ translocation is not restricted to B-cell neoplasms but occurs in T-cell neoplasms as well. PMID- 6974590 TI - Chromosome changes in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Karyotypes were studied in B- and T-lymphocyte cultures from 66 patients with B cell CLL and two patients wtih T-cell CLL. Thirty-one of the B-cell cases had not been treated for their disease; 35 had received radiotherapy, corticosteroids, or cytostatic drugs. Only one of the untreated patients had a clone with an abnormal karyotype. This was present in all her mitotic cells found in cultures containing lipopolysaccharide B (LPS, a B-cell mitogen) and 10% of those in cultures with pokeweed mitogen (PWM, a T- and B-cell mitogen). The karyotype of this clone was 46,XX,t(6;7),t(7;13),t(11;14). Four of the treated patients had clones with specific chromosome changes. These were 47,XY,+12 in 10% of leukoagglutinin (LA, T-cell mitogen) and protein A (PA, T- and B-cell mitogen) cultures in one case; 47,XX,+12,del(14) in 80% of LPS cultures and in all spontaneously dividing cells in another case; 46,XY,t(6;20) in all LPS cultures in another; and 46,XX,t(1;8) in all PA cultures in another. Both structural and numerical nonclonal chromosome aberrations (9%) were found in 24% of the different cultures of cells from untreated patients, and in 15% of the cells in 20% of the different cultures in the patient who had received treatment. Both patients with T-cell CLL had receive) in all PA cultures in another. Both structural and numerical nonclonal chromosome aberrations (9%) were found in 24% of the different cultures of cells from untreated patients, and in 15% of the cells in 20% of the different cultures in the patient who had received treatment. Both patients with T-cell CLL had receive) in all PA cultures in another. Both structural and numerical nonclonal chromosome aberrations (9%) were found in 24% of the different cultures of cells from untreated patients, and in 15% of the cells in 20% of the different cultures in the patient who had received treatment. Both patients with T-cell CLL had received treatment for their disease, and had a normal karyotype in all cultures. PMID- 6974593 TI - Demonstration of a correlation between tumor cell H-2 antigen content, immunogenicity, and tumorigenicity using lectin-resistant tumor variants. PMID- 6974592 TI - Differences in the pharmacokinetics of the diastereoisomers of citrovorum factor in dogs. AB - The pharmacokinetics of d- and l-citrovorum factor (CF) are quite different with respect to the postdistributional plasma decay rates. The natural (l) isomer had a half-life (beta) of 47 +/- 4 (S.E.) min compared to 143 +/- 15 min for the unnatural (d) isomer. Renal clearance was the same for both isomers and was proportional to glomerular filtration rate. Urinary excretion appeared to be the only route of elimination of the d isomer, while l-CF was extensively metabolized. Consequently, the unnatural isomer accumulated in great excess over the natural isomer and its active metabolite, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. The apparent volume of distribution was about 58% of body weight for both isomers, which indicates that they have equal access to tissue compartments. The data suggest that d-CF can compete with l-CF and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate for entry into cells. Under certain conditions, accumulation of d-CF may interfere with rescue from methotrexate toxicity. PMID- 6974591 TI - Presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) in pokeweed mitogen stimulated lymphocytes during chronic phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). AB - There has been a lack of direct cytogenetic studies on lymphocytes in the chronic phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seven patients in the chronic phase and on in the blastic phase of Ph1 positive CML were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Preparations adequate for analysis were obtained from eight PHA and five PWM stimulated cultures. Cytogenetic studies on the PWM stimulated cultured cells revealed, in one patient, the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) in 23/25 metaphases. The PHA stimulated lymphocytes from the same patient were all Ph1 negative. Lymphocytes from PHA and PWM stimulated cultures from the other six patients in the chronic phase and the one patient in blastic crisis were all Ph1 negative. The one positive result suggests that some B lymphocytes contain the Ph1 and that there is a common hematopoietic stem cell for B lymphocytes as well as the myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic series. PMID- 6974594 TI - Ultrastructural, cell membrane, and cytogenetic characteristics of B-cell leukemia, a murine model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A murine model of a spontaneous, transplantable BALB/c B-cell leukemia (BCL1) is described. Extreme leukemia and splenomegaly develop in H-2d-compatible recipients of tumor cells. Tumor cells are medium to large lymphocytes that can be transformed into plasmacytoid cells following in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Karyotypic analysis of transformed tumor cells reveals 36 chromosomes with several monosomies and 7 markers chromosomes. The ultrastructure of the tumor cells was studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Although the appearance of tumor cells seems normal by morphological criteria, an impaired capping ability was documented using the fluorescein conjugated concanavalin A-binding test. Impaired capping ability was documented before leukemia was overt as early as 1 to 3 days following inoculation of tumor cells. The B-cell leukemia (BCL1) provides a useful murine model for the study of various aspects of human bone marrow-derived malignant disorders. PMID- 6974595 TI - Infarction after embolization of the ileocolic artery. AB - Treatment of colonic hemorrhage by therapeutic embolization of the involved artery may, rarely, result in bowel infarction. In one patient with angiodysplasia, bowel infarction resulted from a therapeutic embolization of the ileocolic artery, because of the arterial anatomy of the cecum, occlusion of the cecal branches can result in devascularization of the cecum and appendix, even if the colic and ileal branches are not occluded. Thus, the ileocolic artery may not be a good candidate for therapeutic embolization. PMID- 6974597 TI - A time-saving technique in angiography of aortocoronary bypass patients. PMID- 6974596 TI - [Determination of the external secretory function of the pancreas with a peroral test using the chymotrypsin substrate 4-(N-acetyl-L-tyrosyl) aminobenzoic acid. A methodological study]. PMID- 6974598 TI - New family of preformed left atrial-coronary catheters for retrograde left atrial catheterization and coronary and/or aortocoronary bypass angiography via brachial artery cutdown. AB - A previously described preformed No. 7 Ducor catheter for retrograde left atrial catheterization was modified for coronary angiography and used in 358 consecutive patients, 22 of whom had 26 of 51 previous aortocoronary bypass grafts still patent. In 42 patients these catheters were also employed for retrograde left atrial catheterization. Sixty percent of right coronary, 96% of left coronary, and 96% of aortocoronary bypass angiography attempts were successful. Complete left heart study and angiography were accomplished with one catheter in ten patients (2.8%), with two catheters in 200 patients (55.9%), with three catheters in 132 patients (36.9%), and with more than three catheters in 16 patients (4.5%). Except in 4 of 12 patients with aortic valve deformities, left catheterization was achieved whenever attempted. The complication rate was within acceptable limits. Average left heart and angiography procedure and fluoroscopy times were respectively 29.4 and 6.5 minutes. In addition to reconfirming usefulness for retrograde left atrial catheterization, these data demonstrate this family of catheters is useful for coronary-particularly left-and aortocoronary bypass angiography. PMID- 6974599 TI - Kinetics and characterization of antigen-binding and antibody-producing cells in the regional draining lymph nodes and spleen during initial murine schistosomiasis. I. Cellular responses against cercarial immunogens. PMID- 6974600 TI - Inhibition of the lytic phase of murine t-cell-mediated alloimmune cytotoxicity by a rat antiactivated t-cell antiserum. PMID- 6974601 TI - Separation of human bone marrow cell populations by density gradient electrophoresis: differential mobilities of myeloid (CFU-C), monocytoid, and lymphoid cells. PMID- 6974602 TI - Analysis of intrathymic differentiation patterns during the course of AKR leukemogenesis. PMID- 6974603 TI - Studies on the mechanism of T-Cell-mediated lysis. XIII. Lectin-dependent T-cell mediated cytotoxicity is supported by con A-coupled sepharose beads. PMID- 6974604 TI - Endocytosis in cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6974605 TI - Syngeneic sensitization of mouse lymphocytes on monolayers of thyroid epithelial cells. I. Study of proliferative response. PMID- 6974606 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin stimulation of murine lymphocytes. VI. Differential responses of complement receptor positive (CR+) and CR- B-cell subsets to anti-IgM antibodies. PMID- 6974607 TI - Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against TNP-haptenated syngeneic cells in microcultures: the effect of nude spleen cells as accessory cells. PMID- 6974608 TI - [Drug utilization in rheumatology]. PMID- 6974609 TI - DNA alkylation by vinyl chloride metabolites: etheno derivatives or 7-alkylation of guanine? AB - The state of the literature led to a re-investigation of the alkylation products caused by vinyl chloride metabolites in DNA. When rat liver microsomes, an NADPH regenerating system, DNA and [14C]vinyl chloride were incubated and, when the DNA was subsequently re-isolated and (enzymatically) hydrolyzed, chromatograms (on Aminex A-6) showed the presence of 1,N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine, 3,N4 ethenodeoxycytidine and 7-N-(2-oxoethyl)guanine (the product of hydrolysis of 7-N (2-oxoethyl)-deoxyguanosine). By contrast, when rats were exposed to [1,2 14C]vinyl chloride and when the liver DNA of these rats was subjected to similar procedures, no radioactive 'etheno' derivatives could be detected, but a radioactive peak was eluted with 7-N-(2-oxoethyl)guanine. This peak could be transformed into 7-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine; the chromatographic behaviour of which was identical to the reference compound used by Ostermann-Golkar et al. (Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun., 76 (1977) 259). Thus, it is concluded that the compound described by these authors, 7-N-(2-oxoethyl)guanine is in fact the major product of base alkylation in DNA after exposure to vinyl chloride. PMID- 6974610 TI - [Transcutaneous electrostimulation in the treatment of benign somatic chronic pain: evaluation of a new stimulator]. AB - 40 patients affected by chronic orthopaedic syndromes, outlasting 6 months, have been treated by transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Has beem employed a new commercial stimulator with these impulse parametres: 50 Hz, 0,2 msec of length, 30 mA. Rubber electrodes on trigger points or myalgic areas were used. Authors obtained the following results: in 14 patients any change, in 10 patients mild improvement but of short effect, in 16 patients a good and long term improvment. skin lesions were not observed during electrical stimulation treatment. PMID- 6974611 TI - Phase II evaluation of metoprine in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma. AB - A phase II study of metoprine in low dose and in high dose with citrovorum rescue was conducted in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma. There were no responses observed in the 36 patients studied, yielding a predicted true response rate of less than 9%. Thrombocytopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity of the low dose regimen; there was also one episode of leukopenia and sepsis in this group. Although citrovorum rescue obviated hematologic toxicity in the high-dose regimen, mild to moderate neurological toxicity occurred at this dose. Metoprine does not appear to be a useful agent in non-small-cell lung carcinoma when used in the dose schedule employed in this study. PMID- 6974613 TI - Effect of x-irradiation on immunocompetency of T-lymphocytes. AB - Effect of x-irradiation on various aspects of cell-mediated immune reactions is studied. The irradiated splenic lymphocytes could transform to blast cells upon stimulation with PHA, but could not divide into small lymphocytes. It was concluded that irradiation at doses higher than 500 rads inhibits the differentiation of lymphocytes to effector cells upon stimulation with antigens. The irradiated immune lymphocytes were able to kill target tumor cells when the cytotoxicity was tested immediately after irradiation with doses as high as 500 rads. The cytotoxicity of immune lymphocytes diminished, however, 7--10 hours after irradiation. The splenic lymphocytes irradiated with doses as high as 200 rads could stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes 2 days after the irradiation. It thus appeared that irradiation cannot immediately abolish the antigenicity of lymphocytes to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes. The combined effect of irradiation and T-cell-mediated immune reaction to reduce clonogenecity of target tumor cells in vitro is simple additive. PMID- 6974612 TI - Phase II evaluation of metoprine with leucovorin rescue in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. AB - In a phase II trial 24 patients with measurable metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated every 2 weeks with high-dose metoprine at 175 mg/m2 and leucovorin rescue. Hematologic toxicity was mild; the limiting toxicity was CNS, occurring in 54% of the patients. No responses were observed, but four patients had disease stabilization. High-dose metoprine with leucovorin rescue appears ineffective in previously treated patients with colorectal carcinoma in the dose and schedule used in this study. PMID- 6974614 TI - Use of thallium-201 redistribution scintigraphy in the preoperative differentiation of reversible and nonreversible myocardial asynergy. AB - Thallium-201 (201Tl) redistribution scintigraphy might differentiate reversibly from nonreversibly asynergic myocardial segments and thus predict the response of these segments to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). To test this hypothesis, 25 consecutive patients undergoing CABG, preoperative stress redistribution 201Tl scintigraphy, and both pre- and postoperative resting equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography were evaluated. For both types of scintigraphic study, each patient was imaged in the same three views. Because of the effects of CABG on septal motion, this region was considered separately. Postoperative improvement was noted in 54% of 72 preoperative asynergic segments. Improvement was common not only in hypokinetic but also in akinetic and dyskinetic segments, and occurred in a similar proportion of studies performed early (less than 2 weeks) or late (3-6 months) after CABG. Thallium-201 redistribution scintigraphy was highly predictive of the pattern of postoperative asynergy: The redistribution pattern was normal in 90% of segments with reversible asynergy and abnormal in 76% of segments with nonreversible asynergy. The presence or absence of pathologic Q waves was less sensitive in this differentiation. Septal segments, however, frequently demonstrated abnormal wall motion postoperatively, despite normal 201Tl redistribution scintigraphy. Resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was generally unchanged postoperatively, but in some patients with multiple areas of reversible asynergy it did improve. Thus, 201Tl redistribution scintigraphy appears to reliably distinguish viable from nonviable asynergic myocardial zones, and predicts the response of these segments to CABG. PMID- 6974615 TI - Changes in left ventricular wall motion after coronary artery bypass surgery: signal or noise? AB - We evaluated changes in ventricular wall motion after surgery by comparing smoothed, filtered measurements of regional percent shortening (RPS) from right anterior oblique ventriculograms in 37 patients before and after surgery. After surgery there was a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in the number of regions with hypokinetic wall motion. The distribution of RPS values was also different (p less than 0.005). However, the mean value of RPS for the surgery group as a whole was not significantly altered. These data were contrasted with RPS data from 11 control patients, who were each studied twice but did not have surgical intervention. Similar analysis of the control group did not show any significant change between studies in the number of hypokinetic regions, and the distributions of RPS for the first and second angiograms were not different. We found a 10.3% absolute mean change in repeated measurements of RPS in the control group. We conclude that significant changes occurred after surgery that were not evident in the control group, and the amount of variability in repeated measurements of RPS suggests that analysis should be applied to group rather than individual data. PMID- 6974616 TI - Immunoreactive trypsin and pancreatic isoamylase activity in serum of patients with chronic renal failure or hepatic cirrhosis. AB - In 121 patients with either liver cirrhosis or chronic renal failure, abnormal values for the concentrations of two pancreatic enzymes in serum were a frequent finding. In renal insufficiency a decreased rate of enzyme elimination is the most likely cause of the above-normal values we observed for serum immunoreactive trypsin and pancreatic isoamylase activity. As for patients with liver cirrhosis, we believe that changes in entrance rates into the blood--i.e., an affected pancreas--is a likely explanation of the abnormally high values we often found for these serum enzymes. PMID- 6974617 TI - Multicomponent radioimmunoassay: simultaneous measurement of choriomammotropin and pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein in pregnancy serum. AB - We describe a receptacle for use in the simultaneous radioimmunoassay of two serum constituents in a single sample, and the application of this principle for the measurement of human pregnancy serum choriomammotropin and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein. The analytical performance of this multicomponent radioimmunoassay approaches that of conventional radioimmunoassays. By following the principle described, it is likely that large numbers of constituents can be efficiently measured in single samples. PMID- 6974619 TI - Antitryptic activity in amniotic fluid. PMID- 6974618 TI - Simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in plasma or serum. AB - We describe a simultaneous assay for the principal vitamin D metabolites: 25 hydroxyvitamin D, 24-25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Special attention has been paid to simplification of the extensive extraction and purification procedures used in previously described simultaneous assays. All three metabolites were isolated with a single extraction step, followed by only one gradient liquid-chromatographic procedure. For final quantitation we used competitive protein binding assays, involving readily available binding proteins and commercially purchased tritiated vitamin D metabolites. Concentrations in the plasma of healthy subjects (mean age, 27 years), sampled during December were 51 (SD 17) nmol/L, 4.1 (SD 1.3) nmol/L, and 124 (SD 26) pmol/L for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, respectively. Intra- and interassay CVs for the three metabolites were 4.4 and 3.9%, 6.7 and 8.0%, and 7.0 and 4.8%, respectively. PMID- 6974620 TI - An improved method for routine determination of vitamin D and its hydroxylated metabolites in serum from children and adults. AB - A method for routine determination of vitamin D and its major metabolites 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) and 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in serum samples from normal children and adults has been developed. Methodological improvements enable a rapid and accurate analysis of 25(OH)D and also the microscale screening of other metabolites present in large concentrations in serum. Vitamin D and its metabolites are extracted from serum samples using hexane/propan-2-ol, which allows a convenient separation of the water soluble and lipid soluble fractions from each other and also from proteins. Preparative silicic acid chromatography was used to separate vitamin D from its metabolites and also from the major portion of co-eluting lipid contaminants. An automated LC solvent delivery and sample introduction system was used to achieve the rapid separation of metabolites. Vitamin D was further purified using adsorption high-performance liquid chromatography and assayed using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography connected with UV detection. The 25(OH)D fraction from the preparative chromatography was measured by a competitive protein-binding assay along with 24,25(OH)2D, which was purified by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography along with 1,25(OH)2D. A diluted human serum from a pregnant woman (3rd trimester of pregnancy) was used as source of the binding protein for 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D. 1,25(OH)2D was determined by a competitive protein-binding assay using a diluted cytoplasmic 1,25(OH)2D receptor protein isolated from the intestinal mucosa of rachitic chicks. Vitamin D and its metabolite levels were assayed in serum samples from normal children and adults. PMID- 6974621 TI - Simultaneous determination of p-aminobenzoic acid, acetyl-p-aminobenzoic acid and p-aminohippuric acid in serum and urine by capillary gas chromatography with use of a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. AB - In various studies during recent years, the use of p-aminobenzoic acid has been described in screening tests for exocrine pancreatic function. A synthetic three unit compound N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid has been administered orally and hydrolysed in the small intestine in the presence of chymotrypsin to N benzoyl-L-tyrosine and p-aminobenzoic acid. This study describes a convenient procedure in which, after a selective extraction and derivatization with diazomethane, capillary gas chromatography is used combined with nitrogen sensitive detection. With the proposed procedure, p-aminobenzoic acid and its major metabolites, acetyl-p-aminobenzoic acid and p-aminohippuric acid, can be monitored in serum and in urine samples. PMID- 6974622 TI - Connective tissue activation. XXIII. Increased plasma levels of a platelet growth factor (CTAP-III) in patients with rheumatic diseases. AB - Plasma levels of the CTAP-III antigen were measured by radioimmunoassay in 80 patients with rheumatic diseases. Patients with clear evidence of vasculitis usually exhibited increased plasma CTAP-III antigen. In both systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, there appeared to be a correlation between pCTAP-III values and other laboratory and clinical parameters of disease activity. PMID- 6974623 TI - Vestibular dysfunction in occupational chronic solvent intoxication. AB - Neurotoxic volatile organic solvents used by house and car painters may lead to professional toxic encephalopathy after several years of exposure. The symptoms are memory impairment, fatigue, personality changes, headache and dizziness. Vestibular dysfunction was found in 55% of 113 painters examined, mainly in the form of reduced caloric vestibular reactions. No correlation between vestibular dysfunction and the duration of exposure, cerebral atrophy or intellectual impairment could be demonstrated. Vestibular examination may be helpful in detecting early changes in exposed persons and in determining more accurate safety limits for harmful chemicals. PMID- 6974624 TI - Human post-thymic precursor cells in health and disease. IX. Immunoregulatory T cell circuits in peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We studied T cell subpopulations and their immunoregulatory circuits in the peripheral blood of 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were receiving no medications that might interfere with the results. We found normal T cells with receptors for the Fc portion of IgG or IgM as well as autologous rosette forming T cells (Tar cells), a subpopulation of T cells we have found to have the properties of human post-thymic precursors. We also found that peripheral blood cells of RA patients have normal concanavalin A-induced or spontaneously-expanded suppressor cell functions. Also normal were the characteristic functions of the Tar cells; feedback inhibition and the generation of suppression. The normal state of these T cell subpopulations and immunoregulatory circuits in the peripheral blood of patients with RA contrasts with their various abnormalities in other connective tissue diseases. This may either mean that the immunoregulatory aberration in RA involves primarily B cells, or, if it involves T cells, that it does so primarily in the synovial membrane. PMID- 6974625 TI - T gamma cells in sarcoidosis: E rosetting monocytes suppress lymphocyte transformation. AB - Increased suppressor T gamma lymphocytes have been described in sarcoidosis. We have shown that a proportion of these cells are esterase-positive, phagocytic, adherent to plastic and stain with an anti-monocyte serum. Removal of these cells or the addition of indomethacin increases the lymphocyte transformation to Con A. Transformation was still reduced in spite of preincubation with plastic and the addition of indomethacin suggesting that a further abnormality exists. Thus, within the increased number of T gamma cells there exists a population of activated monocytes which rosette with sheep red blood cells and could therefore be mistaken for T cells. PMID- 6974627 TI - DNA-anti-DNA circulating complexes in the nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In order to determine whether circulating antigen-antibody complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) consist of DNA and anti-DNA, cryoglobulins were isolated from the sera of 38 patients with SLE nephritis and analysed for DNA and anti-DNA. Cryoglobulins were detected in 36 of the 38 sera, and DNA was found in 30 of 33 examined by either fluorescence of ethidium bromide or a radioimmunoassay. Anti-DNA activity was not detectable in any of the whole cryoglobulins but anti-IgG activity was found in 17. Twenty cryoglobulins were therefore treated by acid dissociation and ultracentrifugation to obtain isolated immunoglobulins; IgG was isolated from all, and IgM from eight. Using a modified Farr assay to detect anti-dsDNA and an enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assay to detect anti-ssDNA, anti-dsDNA activity alone was found in five IgG fractions, anti-ssDNA activity alone in five, and both anti-ds- and anti-ssDNA activity in four. Anti-dsDNA activity was found in three of the IgM fractions. In all, anti dsDNA activity was found in nine of these 20 cryoglobulins, and anti-DNA in 14. Analysis of these 14 cryoglobulins with anti-DNA Ig fractions showed that there was enrichment of the IgG anti-DNA activity in the cryoglobulin compared to the patient's serum in all but two cases. In six of the 20 cryoglobulins studied there was no detectable anti-DNA activity in isolated IgG or IgM fractions. We therefore concluded that DNA-anti-DNA complexes were present in most of our patients with SLE nephritis, but there was clearly a substantial minority in whom they were undetectable. In some of the latter who also had active disease the cryoglobulins had anti-IgG activity. Thus it would seem that SLE can occur in the absence of DNA-anti-DNA complexes, but with other complexes present. DNA was also found in cryoglobulins isolated from patients with idiopathic glomerulonephritis, but, in contrast to recent reports, anti-DNA activity was not detectable in immunoglobulins isolated from their cryoglobulins. PMID- 6974626 TI - Morphological aspects of T cell subpopulations in human blood: characterization of the cerebriform mononuclear cells in healthy individuals. AB - Cerebriform mononuclear cells (CMC) constitute a morphologically distinct subpopulation of T cells in healthy individuals. They are characterized ultrastructurally by a highly indented nucleus, a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, condensed chromatin along the nuclear membrane and a scanty cytoplasm. In order to characterize the peripheral blood CMC by enzyme-histochemistry and membrane characteristics, lymphocyte fractions enriched for T cells, T mu cells, T gamma cells and T cells without Fc mu and Fc gamma receptors (T0 cell fraction), or depleted of T cells, were investigated for the presence of alpha naphthylacetate esterase and acid phosphatase at light and electron microscopic levels. CMC were found exclusively in the T mu-enriched and T0 cell fraction, indicating that these cells have either an Fc mu receptor or no Fc receptor at all. Except for their nuclear indentation, both the CMC in the T mu-enriched fractions and the CMC in the T0 fractions ultrastructurally resembled the characteristic cell in the T mu fraction (TM-type cell), but differed from the characteristic cell in the T gamma fraction (TG-type cell). Moreover, like the TM type cells all CMC showed paranuclear dots of alpha-naphthylacetate esterase and acid phosphatase activity in their cytoplasm. From these observations it was concluded that CMC without Fc mu receptors were either stimulated T mu cells or precursor T mu cells. Thus CMC in healthy individuals constitute a distinct subpopulation of T cells not only morphologically but also histochemically and immunologically. PMID- 6974630 TI - [Clinical study of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of methoxy-naphthyl propionic acid in articular and periarticular injuries caused by sports]. PMID- 6974628 TI - Interleukin-2 allows in vivo induction of anti-erythrocyte autoantibody production in nude mice associated with the injection of rat erythrocytes. AB - Mice injected with rat red blood cells developed anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies detectable by a direct Coombs' test. Nude mice injected with rat red blood cells did not develop a Coombs-positive state, but nude mice injected with rat red blood cells plus the T cell helper factor, interleukin-2, produced autoantibodies to autologous mouse erythrocytes. The simultaneous injection of rat red blood cells and allogeneic spleen cells induced an early and vigorous autoantibody response in athymic nude mice as well as in euthymic control mice. These results are interpreted as indicating the possibility of an interleukin-2-stimulated in vivo differentiation (or clonal expansion) of helper T cells in nude mice in response to heterologous erythrocytes which could mediate an autoimmune B cell response. PMID- 6974629 TI - Manifestation and growth of a transplantable osteosarcoma in mice: the effects of thymectomy and thymosin treatment. AB - Normal and thymectomized CBA mice treated with and without thymosin were injected with 2 x 10(6) viable osteosarcoma cells. The activity and weight of tumors, the cell-mediated and humoral-immune responses against the tumors, and the light microscopic characteristics suggested that thymectomy resulted in a significantly decreased tumor frequency. There were also significant increases in cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in vitro as measured by lysis of 51Cr-labeled tumor cells incubated with spleen cells, and in lymphocytic infiltration around the tumors. While thymosin treatment of thymectomized mice restored these parameters to those of intact animals, thymosin had no demonstrable effects on nonthymectomized animals. PMID- 6974631 TI - [Treatment of malignant neoplasms in advanced stages with HDMTX-CF Rescue (high dose methotrexate-citrovorum factor rescue)]. PMID- 6974632 TI - [Indications for radar therapy in rheumatology]. PMID- 6974633 TI - Non-immune erythrocyte rosette formation of bovine peripheral blood and thymus lymphocytes. PMID- 6974634 TI - A computer simulation of the cellular kinetics of the thymus-independent humoral immune response. PMID- 6974636 TI - Variations in delayed hypersensitivity skin test responses. PMID- 6974635 TI - Radiological evaluation of sellar lesions. AB - The treatment and prognosis of sellar region masses differ according to the type of tumor, therefore, accurate assessment of the characteristics of the lesion as well as extent of the process is important. Evaluation of these tumors by various imaging modalities has revealed certain definable characteristics. Many of these processes, however, share similarities on any given imaging format. For this reason complete evaluation may require conventional skull radiography, complex motion tomography, radionuclide imaging, computed tomography, cerebral air or metrizamide studies, or cerebral angiography. Utilizing a combination of diagnostic modalities, definable characteristics of various types of tumors have been evolved which often may allow distinction of benign and malignant processes. PMID- 6974638 TI - [Cytochemical characteristics of T- and B-lymphocytes with different surface receptors]. PMID- 6974639 TI - Sheehan's syndrome presenting with psychosis. PMID- 6974637 TI - [Effect of continuous electric current on osteogenesis processes in rabbits]. PMID- 6974640 TI - [Sympathetic algodystrophic syndromes of the extremities]. PMID- 6974641 TI - Metabolism of thyroxine in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles during metamorphic climax. AB - Previous studies have indicated that premetamorphic tadpoles do not convert T4 to T3 to a measurable extent (1). The present study was performed to determine whether a T4 5'-monodeiodinating system is acquired at later stages of development. [125I]T4 metabolism in vivo was determined in tadpoles at most stages of prometamorphosis and metamorphic climax and, for comparison, in premetamorphic tadpoles. The conversion of [125I]T4 to [125I]T3, as indicated by the presence of an 125I-labeled product in serum and liver preparations that cochromatographed with carrier T3, was sometimes observed in tadpoles near the end of prometamorphosis and was always evident in tadpoles that were either undergoing or had completed metamorphic climax. However, during this phase, no correlation could be drawn between the extent of T3 production and morphological development. The formation of T3 from T4 in vivo was significantly decreased in tadpoles pretreated with propylthiouracil. The T45'-monodeiodinating system could be induced in premetamorphic tadpoles by injecting them with either T4 or T3. This finding together with the observation that normal acquisition of this system occurs at the time when endogenous T4 and T3 levels are rising rapidly suggest that its development is under the control of the thyroid hormones. PMID- 6974642 TI - Interaction of human lymphocyte subpopulations with interleukin 2 (II-2). AB - Human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were fractionated by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation on Percoll. T-cells of low density were capable of proliferation in the presence of the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) as measured by colony formation, whereas cells of high density were not. Addition of supernatant of PHA-stimulated cultures to cells of high density resulted in proliferation which suggested that these cell fractions lacked interleukin-2 (II 2) producing T-helper cells. This finding was supported by the demonstration that T-cells of high density did not produce II-2 but could be induced to do so by adding II-1 producing monocytes. The data area explained on the basis of the present model of intercellular events leading to activation and proliferation of lymphocytes. PMID- 6974644 TI - Intra aortic balloon pumping in myocardial infarction and unstable angina. PMID- 6974643 TI - Capping of surface immunoglobulin on rabbit and mouse lymphocytes. II. Cytoskeletal involvement in different subpopulations. AB - The role of cytoskeletal microfilaments in the cap formation of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) of rabbit spleen and peripheral blood B lymphocytes was investigated using inhibitors such as colchicine, cytochalasin B, cytochalasin D or combinations of these drugs. By immunofluorescence combined with phase contrast microscopy, analysis and sorting with a fluorescence activated cell sorter, combined staining of membrane-bound and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, and electron microscopy, it could be established that spleen B lymphocytes consist of two subpopulations with different capping behaviour: 1. A majority of small (5-7 micrometer diameter) lymphocytes with the morphology of resting cells. This cell type was unable to form caps ("non-cappable"), and formed patches which rapidly underwent endocytosis. In these cells a connection of sIg with microfilaments is postulated, as they were triggered to cap formation in the presence of cytoskeletal inhibitors. 2. A minority of large (6-13 micrometer diameter) lymphocytes with morphological features of slightly activated cells. These cells display cap formation independent of microfilament activity. Cytoplasmic staining revealed that, although they should be considered to be rather differentiated by their age-dependent occurrence, they do not belong to the plasmablast-plasma cell series. These results demonstrate that cytoskeletal microfilaments in rabbit B cells do not play a role in generating the driving force of sIg cap formation. PMID- 6974645 TI - Conduction velocity in the human supraorbital nerve. AB - Maximal conduction velocity in the supraorbital nerve (afferent fibers for the blink reflex) has been estimated in 12 normal subjects (on the right and left side): the mean value was 41 m/s. Furthermore, this investigation was made on 23 patients with different pathologies (9 with trigeminal neuralgia with hypoesthesia, 8 with multiple sclerosis, 6 with cerebellopontine angle tumor). Normal and pathological results are discussed and diagnostic prospects of this procedure evaluated. PMID- 6974646 TI - Functional activities of antibodies against brain-associated T cell antigens. I. Induction of T cell proliferation. AB - Rabbit anti-mouse brain antiserum mediated an in vitro cooperative interaction between Ig-anti-Ig column-purified Lyt-1+, Lyt-2- T cells and spleen B cells. DNA synthesis in the B cells was inhibited with mitomycin C, and the T cell proliferative response was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation after 24 h of culture. The T-B cell interaction was genetically unrestricted, and the accessory function of the B cell was engaged via interaction with the Fc portion of the T cell-bound anti-mouse brain antibody since the F(ab')2 fragment was inactive. The rabbit anti-mouse brain anti-serum appears to recognize a unique antigenic determinant in the T cell membrane which triggers proliferation. Although brain absorbed, rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte antiserum contained antibodies which bound to the T cell surface, it was incapable of inducing T cell proliferation. Furthermore, the Thy-1 molecule itself did not appear to be involved because allo and xenoantisera against the allelic determinants were inactive, and the capping of Thy-1.2 from the T cell surface did not prevent the binding of the mitogenic component in rabbit anti-mouse brain antiserum. The T cell reaction to anti-brain antiserum is unlike the antigen-specific T cell response in being genetically unrestricted. It is possible that the antibody operates via the perturbation of a T cell determinant involved in the binding of T cell growth factors, and/or reception of B cell feedback signals. PMID- 6974647 TI - Differentiation of thymocytes during chicken ontogeny: occurrence of a specific DNA ligase in relationship to cell size and surface antigens. AB - The activities of two forms (8.2 and 6.2 S) of DNA ligase have been studied in chicken thymocytes at different stages of development (16 and 18 days of incubation, hatching and one month after birth). Thymocytes have been sorted out on the basis of size and T antigenicity (immunofluorescence) with the activated cell sorter. Three kinds of cells can be distinguished: (a) large, antigenically negative cells of 16 days of incubation, expressing only the "heavy" (8.2 S) form of enzyme. The activity of this form decreases during development and is very low after birth; (b) large, antigenically positive cells without DNA ligase activity and (c) small, antigenically positive cells, expressing the "light" (6.2 S) enzyme. This form of enzyme appears only from 18 days of incubation onwards. These results allow us to consider the 6.2 S DNA ligase activity as an additional marker (with cell reduction and T antigenicity) for thymocyte maturation. PMID- 6974650 TI - Evaporative resistance of pulmonary surfactant films. PMID- 6974648 TI - On rational use of the cross-sectional method in analysis of the dynamics of biological indices with aging. PMID- 6974651 TI - The isolation and characterization of catalytically competent porphobilinogen deaminase-intermediate complexes. PMID- 6974649 TI - Mapping studies of the tectal representation of the frog binocular visual field. A problem of methodology. AB - Using the classical mapping technique, the spatio-tectal visual organization in frogs (Rana esculenta) was investigated taking special interest in the previously described existence of a "systematic disparity" between the two monocular receptive fields of rostral binocular tectal points. The existence of such a disparity was extended to the whole binocular visual field and its sign (crossed or uncrossed disparity) was studied both in paralyzed and anesthetized animals. It was proved however that this disparity phenomenon was not "systematic", but depended mainly on the experimental methodology. Its physiological significance is discussed. PMID- 6974652 TI - Rat alpha 1-antitrypsin, preliminary characterisation of the in vitro mRNA translation product. PMID- 6974653 TI - [Late hemorrhages following tooth extraction in chronic myelosis]. PMID- 6974654 TI - [Photo-induced release of calcium ions frog retina photoreceptor membranes in media of different ionic composition]. AB - Two methods: labelled Ca45 and Ca++-selective electrode served to assess the Ca++ release during illumination of the rod outer segments in the frog retina. The maximal release (8--10 M Ca++/M bleached rhodopsin) occurred in monovalent cations--free medium (100 MM tris--HCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 5 mM ATP, pH--7.5), when at least 50% of visual pigment was bleached. The addition of Na+ or K+ toincubation medium decreased the photoinduced release to 0.06--0.142 M Ca++/M bleached rhodopsin or completely suppressed it. The role of Ca++ as a messenger during the excitation of photoreceptor is discussed. PMID- 6974655 TI - [Mechanism of otolithic nystagmus]. PMID- 6974656 TI - [Responses of neurons of the anterior suprasylvian gyrus to electric stimulation of the vestibular apparatus in the cat]. PMID- 6974657 TI - [Participation of electrogenic ion transport in maintenance of the membrane potential of nodes of Ranvier in the frog]. PMID- 6974658 TI - [Endogenous rhythm of the lymphatic center of amphibia during intense artificial synaptic bombardment]. PMID- 6974659 TI - [Role of calcium in the contraction of normal tonic muscle fibers and following denervation]. AB - Studies in the frog isolated tonic muscle fibers revealed that change of the external calcium concentration normally has no effect on the magnitude of the potassium and caffeine contractures, whereas in denervated fibers a decrease of successively evoked potassium and caffeine contractures occurs in calcium-free solution. The adaptive relaxation of potassium contracture in denervated fibers accelerates with increase of potassium ions and decelerates with increase of calcium. Analysis of these phenomena suggests that: 1) the intracellular calcium alone participates in activation of contraction of these fibers, and 2) the effect of changes in external calcium concentration on the character of contraction is based on the calcium action upon the cell membrane rather than on changes of its amount. PMID- 6974660 TI - [Effect of cadmium on electromechanical coupling in the frog myocardium]. AB - CdCl2 (0.2-0.5 mM) shortened the duration of action potential and reduced the tension of frog ventricular strips. CdCl2 completely blocked slow AP in partially depolarized strips and abolished both the tonic and phasic components of KCl induced contractures. CdCl2 prevents adrenaline, NiCl2 and low-Na Ringer solution to produce tension potentiation. Cd seems to block the slow Na-Ca channels of frog myocardium and disturb intracellular Ca distribution by its ability to block protein SH-groups. PMID- 6974661 TI - [Clinical results of local hemostatic for dental use: TDZ]. PMID- 6974662 TI - Transfer factor in the treatment of herpes simplex types 1 and 2. AB - Transfer factor potentiates cellular immunity and induces interferon. It was because of these properties that transfer factor was tried in 17 patients with recurrent herpes simplex types 1 and 2. Transfer factor was administered in doses ranging from 5 to 10 U/m2 i. m. The interval between injections varied from 1 week to 3 months. 16 patients could be evaluated clinically in whom the recurrence rate decreased from 10.7 +/- 6.1 to 2.1 +/- 2.5 (mean SD). The reduction was statistically significant. 8 patients were completely free of disease while the other 8 had reduced number of episodes during the period of observation, 7 patients had abnormal T cell function as reflected by the low number of T cells or low lymphocyte transformation. Statistically significant improvement in the T cell function was observed. Delayed hypersensitivity skin test reactions also improved significantly. PMID- 6974663 TI - Augmentation of human thymocyte proliferative responses by retinoic acid. AB - When 10(-5) to 10(-7) M all-trans retinoic acid (RA) was added to human thymocyte or tonsil lymphocyte cultures in the presence of mitogens or allogeneic stimulator cells, blastogenesis was increased up to 2.5-fold. No augmentation in proliferative responses of peripheral blood or spleen lymphocytes was observed. In the thymus, lymphocytes in the subclass of cells that did not bind peanut agglutinin (PNA) were responsible for the RA-induced enhancement. RA also increased the number of mitogen-stimulated thymocyte colonies developing in soft agar. These results indicate that the targets of RA activity must be lymphoid cells at a later stage of maturation than those identified by binding to PNA, and that one mechanism of RA enhancement is an increase in the number of lymphocytes that undergo blast transformation. PMID- 6974664 TI - Role of the hypophysis in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism. AB - Hypophysectomy of animals given maintenance levels of vitamin D and adequate levels of dietary calcium and phosphorus brings about a marked reduction in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels and a significant elevation in plasma 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels. The hypophysectomy, as expected, results in reduced growth and lowered plasma levels of inorganic phosphorus. The injection of growth hormone markedly increases plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in hypophysectomized animals while bringing about a reduction in 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels. These results support the idea that the hypophysis plays a role in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism and that growth hormone either directly or indirectly is one of the hypophyseal factors bringing about this regulation. PMID- 6974665 TI - Stage dependency in eliciting target-dependent enhanced neurite outgrowth from spinal cord explants in vitro. PMID- 6974666 TI - Erasure of the memory response in MEL cells. PMID- 6974667 TI - Power and non-significant research results. PMID- 6974668 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery: economic, social, and ethical issues. PMID- 6974669 TI - [The aorto-coronary by-pass. Personal clinical experience (author's transl)]. AB - The surgical treatment of coronary artery disease still remains controversial, despite the fact that the surgical indications are widely recognized and so the efficacy of the aortocoronary bypass in relieving angina and in improving the prognosis of the patients with left mainstem lesions. However, one gets the impression that the criteria for surgery not always are correctly applied, with the consequence that the bypass is often performed on patients that could still benefit from proper medical treatment. At Groote Schuur Hospital, during the period 1976-78, we have bypassed a total of 395 coronary arteries in 204 patients. All the patients were in NYHA class III and IV. The peculiarity of this rather small series is based on the conservatism of the selection criteria, the operation being offered only to candidates with a very long history of angina uncontrolled by adequate medical treatment. The early mortality rate has been 1.47%, the late mortality rate 3.5% and the perioperative infarction rate 10.8%. All the patients have been followed up for 12-48 months (mean follow up 30.3 months). 80% of the patients returned in class I and 13.5% in class II. 80 out of 112 patients operated during 1976-77 have had routine coronary angiography one year post-surgery: the graft patency rate in this group has been 71%. The majority of the obstructed grafts were related to small vessels of 1 mm in diameter. On the basis of these clinical results we conclude that no controversy is justified once and adequate trial with proper medical treatment has already failed. PMID- 6974670 TI - [The exercise test before and after aorto-coronary by-pass (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974671 TI - [Selective coronary scintiscanning]. AB - 30 patients, undergoing coronary angiography for diagnostic and/or bypass surgery evaluation, have been studied also by intracoronary scintigraphy (IS). Scintigraphic and angiographic data have been compared: --21 cases had concordant results: normal in 2 patients (quite normal coronary system); pathological in 19, accounting for a damage both of the principal coronary artery branches and the arteriolar-capillary system: --6 cases had a pathological angiography with a normal IS: an indication of a normal myocardial perfusion; --in 3 cases a normal angiography was coupled with a pathological IS, pointing out a damage of the arteriolar-capillary system. On the basis of these results and of the literature, the AA. emphasize that the IS, allowing an exact evaluation of the myocardial perfusion, complete the essential morphological informations of the coronary angiography and it is specifically useful: --in the candidates to bypass coronary surgery; a viable myocardium is important both for surgery indication and results; --in bypassed patients to assess patency and the actual blood delivery (also for the low reliability of e.v. Thallium); --in patients with typical angina and positive stress test but with normal coronary angiography, to establish an organic lesion of the arteriolar-capillary system. PMID- 6974672 TI - Alterations of IgM, IgG, and IgA Synthesis and secretion by peripheral blood and intestinal mononuclear cells from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. PMID- 6974674 TI - Circadian variations of ultramorphology and glycogen content in hepatocytes of light-manipulated rats. AB - 1. The biochemically and histochemically determined glycogen rhythm was found to be shifted according to the shift of the 12: 12 h light-dark cycle. Deprivation of this synchronizer does not abolish the glycogen rhythm. 2. The circadian variations of the glycogen content are accompanied by a complete reorganization of the appearance of the hepatocyte inventory of cell organelles as seen in the analysis of the electron microscopical structure of liver cells. 3. The grade of the cytologically visible circadian changes is strongly correlated with the absolute glycogen content. PMID- 6974673 TI - Gastric telangiectasias in chronic hemodialysis patients: a report of six cases. AB - Six cases of multiple gastric telangiectasias are reported in association with patients on chronic hemodialysis who were investigated for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. The pathogenesis of this lesion is unknown and it is potentially an important source of intestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6974675 TI - A competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay for frog calcitonin. PMID- 6974676 TI - Changes in thyroidal and plasma iodine compounds during and after metamorphosis of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. PMID- 6974677 TI - Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. XVII. Imbalance of T cell subsets in patients with progeria and Werner's syndrome. AB - Peripheral blood from 4 patients with progeria and their family members and 2 patients with Werner's syndrome were analyzed for the proportion of total T cells and T cells with receptors for IgM (Tmu) or IgG (Tgamma). In 3 patients proportions of Tmu cells were within the range for age- and sex-matched controls. 1 patient had significantly lower proportions of Tmu cells when compared to age- and sex-matched controls. The proportions of Tgamma cells were increased in 2 and were within the range for normal controls in the remaining 2 patients. When data were analyzed with regard to Tmu/Tgamma ratios, 3 of 4 patients exhibited ratios lower than the lowest limit observed in age- and sex-matched controls. Surprisingly, family members in all four families exhibited patterns of Tmu and Tgamma cells similar to that seen in the patient. Both patients with Werner's syndrome had proportions of Tgamma cells, resulting in low Tmu/Tgamma ratios. PMID- 6974678 TI - HLA-B8 and cell-mediated immunity to gluten. AB - The leucocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test was used as an indicator of cell mediated immunity to gluten fraction III in 30 healthy controls and 58 patients with adult coeliac disease and the results related to HLA status and duration of treatment with a gluten-free diet. HLA-B8 controls showed significantly lower leucocyte migration indices, indicating greater immune response, than non-HLA B8 controls. Untreated coeliacs showed no difference from HLA-B8 controls. There was no difference between results from HLA-B8 and non-HLA-B8 coeliacs. Leucocyte migration was even lower in coeliacs early in treatment but rose after treatment for over one year. These results may reflect an immune response gene for gluten in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B8. The increased immune response to gluten as measured in this test cannot be the sole factor in aetiology of coeliac disease. Furthermore, it is necessary to re-evaluate earlier results of cell-mediated immunity in coeliac disease with reference to HLA status of the controls. PMID- 6974679 TI - [Effects of peripheral electric stimulation on the central 5-hydroxytryptamine in mice: relation to the peripheral stimulation-produced analgesia (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of peripheral electric stimulation (PES) on the functional state of central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and on the analgesic effect were investigated in mice. The PES was administered by a passing rectangular wave (0.45 mA, 5 msec, 5-100 Hz) for 2 hr through bipolar electrodes implanted subcutaneously at the base of the tail. Whole brain 5-HT concentration remained unchanged with the PES at 20 Hz, whereas 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid concentrations were significantly increased in the whole brain. A significant increase in the whole brain compared with that in control was already attained at 30 min after initiation of the PES. Number of head-twitches induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine after the PES was clearly potentiated. Increase in the number of head-twitches after the PES was abolished by administration of p-chlorophenylalanine, a 5-HT depletor, and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, a 5-HT neurotoxin. The PES for 1 hr produced an antinociceptive effect. Administration of L-5-hydroxytryptophan enhanced the antinociceptive effect induced by PES, while methysergide and naloxone completely abolished this antinociception. Thus, 5-HT neurons are probably excited functionally by the PES, and the mechanisms of analgesia produced by the PES involve both endogenous opiate systems and central serotonergic mechanisms. PMID- 6974680 TI - Langer-Giedion syndrome and deletion of the long arm of chromosome 8. PMID- 6974681 TI - The use of filtering methods to compensate for constant attenuation in single photon emission computed tomography. PMID- 6974682 TI - Design considerations for positron emission tomography. PMID- 6974683 TI - Partial isolation and characterization of Gp 220, the Ulex europaeus binding glycoprotein of the B-lymphocyte plasma membrane. AB - Using affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B coupled with Ulex europaeus lectin, a partially purified gp 220 was isolated from the RAJI cell membrane. This protein could not be isolated from the membranes of the T-cell line MOLT-4 nor from human erythrocytes. Gp 220 is composed of three subunits gp 85, 70 and 65 held together by disulfide bridges. Gp 85 contains fucosyl residues, gp 70 contains galactosyl residues, and gp 65 contains both sugars. Gp 220 is different from fibronectin and spectrin, proteins which also show binding to the Ulex europaeus lectin. PMID- 6974684 TI - Quantitative changes in AKR thymocyte subsets preceding the onset of leukemia. AB - The evolution of T-cell subsets in the thymuses of leukemia-prone AKR mice and of non-leukemia-prone BALB/c mice was compared for a period of 9 months. In AKR mice there is a sharp rise in thymic hormone sensitive thymocytes bearing a high concentration of Thy 1 antigen. While these cells also rise with age in BALB/c mice, they do so more slowly. The response of thymocytes to Con A was also compared between the two strains: the response of AKR cells drops to below significant levels within seven months, while BALB/c cells remain reactive throughout the experimental period. Since these age-related changes in Thy 1 antigen density and Con A reactivity can be reversed after incubation with a thymic hormone preparation, it is concluded that they are the result of a decrease in thymic hormone secretion, that this decrease is much more pronounced in AKR mice than in BALb/c mice and may therefore play a role in the etiology of the AKR leukemia. PMID- 6974685 TI - Feedback induction of stimulated T lymphocytes to adherent cells in T cell mitogenesis. PMID- 6974686 TI - Streptococcus mutans serotype g carbohydrate antigen is a B-cell mitogen. PMID- 6974687 TI - Cytochalasin A inhibits B-lymphocyte capping and activation by antigens. AB - Cytochalasin B (CB) has been shown to be a potent depressant of the antigen induced clone expansion and terminal differentiation of mouse B-lymphocytes to antibody-forming cells. This effect could be the result of the microfilament disrupting effect of CB with subsequent inhibition of antigen-sIg complex redistribution, a series of events which seems to be necessary for B-lymphocyte activation. CB is not very active in depressing capping and will inhibit glucose transport. To further investigate the mechanism of action of cytochalasins, the effect of cytochalasin A (CA) on cap formation and plaque-forming cell generation was studied, since CA is less inhibitory of glucose transport and more inhibitory of cap formation. The results presented here indicate that complexes of anti-Ig sIg will be prevented from capping by as little as 1 microgram of CA, a quantity sufficient to depress markedly the generation of plaque-forming cells to SRBC in culture. These results further confirm our conclusion that the depression of B lymphocyte activation may be related to the depression of cap formation. It also strongly suggested that inhibition of glucose transport can be regraded as a negligible factor in this depression. PMID- 6974688 TI - Interaction of particle-bound [125I]C3b, the third component of complement, with specific receptors on human B-lymphoblastoid cells (Raji). AB - Taking advantage of the high density of the complex formed between the C3b receptor on cultured B-lymphoblastoid cells and particle-bound C3b, some properties of their interaction were studied. The process had an apparent dissociation constant equal to 10(-7) M. Thus particle-bound C3b has a higher affinity for C3b receptor than soluble C3b. Moreover, analysis of dissociation rate of particle-bound C3b-C3b receptor complexes suggested that a cooperative effect was induced at the cell surface by particle-bound C3b but not by soluble C3b. The most suitable explanations of these data are discussed. PMID- 6974689 TI - Genetic & molecular events in the repair of DNA exposed to psoralen + near-UV light in Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6974691 TI - An alloantigen selective for B cells: Ly-17.1. PMID- 6974690 TI - The characterization of the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to H-Y antigens. AB - We have evaluated the ability of certain inbred strains of mice to develop a delayed-type hypersensitivity response to the male H-Y antigen. It was found that C57BL/10, B10.GD and B10.A(5R) female mice responded to syngeneic male cells. B10.A(4R) females also responded to B10.A(4R) male cells although the reactivity was somewhat slighter. B10.A(2R), B10.D2 and BALB/c female mice could not respond to immunization with syngeneic male cells. The response was male-antigen specific and transferable by thymus-derived cells. Moreover, suggestive evidence of representation of H-Y was obtained, based on the ability of responder strains immunized with syngeneic cells to react to nonresponder male cells upon challenge. PMID- 6974696 TI - Tuberculosis--the diagnostic challenge. PMID- 6974694 TI - Antimalarial activity of mefloquine and chloroquine against blood induced Plasmodium knowlesi infection in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6974697 TI - A scoring system for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children. PMID- 6974695 TI - "Assessment of cellular immunity in patients with carcinoma of lung". PMID- 6974692 TI - Alloantigens expressed on activated human T cells different from HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens. AB - This study investigates alloantisera containing antibodies directed against antigens which are expressed on alloactivated human T lymphocytes but are absent on resting T and B cells. Among 39 defined anti-HLA-DR sera from multiparous women we found six sera giving positive reactions (more than 25 percent cytotoxicity) on in vitro alloactivated T cells, though negative reactions with resting B or T cells from the donors of either the responding or stimulating cell populations used for alloactivation. Two such sera were submitted to absorption and elution studies. Absorption of these sera with activated T cells did not remove the anti-HLA-DR activity. Furthermore, the antibodies eluted from activated T cells did not react with B cells but were positive only on activated T cells. In addition, we absorbed the sera with B cells and observed that they remained positive on activated T cells. The positive reactions do not seem to be due to either the passive acquisition of antigens from the stimulating population or to low levels of HLA-specific antibodies. As one of the sera we studied intensively gave clear positive and negative reactions on a panel of activated T lymphocytes, we believe it may recognize an antigen of an allogeneic system expressed on alloactivated human T cells. PMID- 6974693 TI - A new mouse cell-surface antigen (Ly-m18) defined by a monoclonal antibody. AB - Spleen cells from C3H/An mice immunized with spleen cells of C57BL/6-H-2k mice were fused with myeloma cell line NS.1. One established hybrid cell line continuously secreted antibody that recognized a new surface antigen provisionally called Ly-m18. The new alloantigen is expressed on 90 percent of thymus cells, 55 percent of spleen cells, and 45 percent of either lymph-node or bone-marrow cells. It is also expressed on cells derived from brain, kidney, and liver. Fifty percent of either peripheral T or B cells express the Ly-m18 antigen, and some tumor cell lines with T, B, pre-B or stem cell characteristics are Ly-m18 (+). The strain distribution pattern distinguishes Ly-m18 antigen from all other murine lymphocyte alloantigens. The typing data of two sets of CXB and AKXL recombinant inbred strains indicate that the Ly-m18 gene is linked to the Ltw-2 locus which has not yet been assigned to a chromosome. PMID- 6974699 TI - Chronological development of cellular immunity in human toxoplasmosis. AB - A dichotomy between the resolution of clinical illness in acute toxoplasmosis and the responsiveness of B and T lymphocytes to toxoplasma antigens is described. PMID- 6974698 TI - Tuberculin purified protein derivative-reactive T cells in cord blood lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes obtained from cord blood of newborn babies who were born of healthy mothers were studied in vitro for their responsiveness to purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin. Cord blood lymphocytes proliferated in vitro by stimulation with PPD, despite wide variations in the results. Studies with fractionated lymphocytes revealed that PPD-responding cells belonged to E rosetting, nylon wool-nonadherent T lymphocytes. Non-E-rosetting B lymphocytes alone did not proliferate at all after stimulation with PPD. In addition, bromodeoxyuridine and light treatment of in vitro PPD-stimulated lymphocytes eliminated the responsiveness to PPD. These results suggest that T lymphocytes do exist in cord blood and respond in vitro to stimulation with PPD. A possible role for PPD-reactive T lymphocytes in cell-mediated protective immunity in newborns is discussed. PMID- 6974700 TI - Detection of antibody-accessible proteins on the cell surface of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - A radioimmunoprecipitation method has been devised which permits the direct identification of those proteins which are both exposed on the cell surface of Haemophilus influenzae type b and accessible to antibody. Both extrinsically and intrinsically radiolabeled cells of this organism were employed as the sources of antigen in radioimmunoprecipitation experiments which involved incubation of intact bacterial cells with antisera. Several different proteins, ranging in apparent molecular weight from 33,000 to 160,000, were shown to be accessible to antibody on the cell surface of this pathogen. PMID- 6974701 TI - T cell subpopulations and their functions in vitro. A study in patients with alopecia areata and alopecia universalis. AB - T lymphocyte subpopulations and their in vitro activities were determined in patients with alopecia areata (AA) and alopecia universalis (AU). The frequencies of T cells with receptors for IgG and T cells with receptors for IgM were determined in 16 cases. The IgG and IgM production of B lymphocytes cocultured with autologous and allogeneic T lymphocytes in the presence of PWM was determined in 12 and 9 cases, respectively, and the antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of unfractionated lymphocytes was examined in 6 cases. Patients with AA and AU had a higher proportion of Tg cells and more pronounced ADCC of unfractionated peripheral lymphocytes than normal persons. Furthermore, PWM-induced Ig production of B lymphocytes in the presence of autologous T lymphocytes seemed to be lower than that of controls. PMID- 6974702 TI - Murine embryonal carcinoma cells: universal targets for mammalian NK cells? AB - Natural killer (NK) cells from mice lyse murine teratocarcinoma stem cells in accordance with their appropriate cellular, genetic and interferon inducible features. In addition, rat and human putative NK cells were found to exhibit cytotoxicity of these embryonal carcinoma stem cells. By contrast, endodermal cells derived from such stem cells, either as cell lines or by recent induction with retinoic acid, were relatively resistant to effectors from all three mammalian species tested. Attempts to elicit a murine T-cell response to embryonal carcinoma by secondary in vitro stimulation failed. As previously shown, T killers directed to H-2 determinants were unable to lyse the MHC lacking embryonal carcinoma cells. The use of lectin "glues", a procedure supposedly capable of revealing the total cytotoxic. T-cell potential regardless of specificity, also failed to elicit lysis of these target cells. We have therefore failed to find evidence for T-cell recognition or lysis of embryonal carcinoma while NK cells from different species seemingly regard these latter cells as "universal" targets. PMID- 6974705 TI - Colloquium on immunobiology. The challenge of immunoregulation. Current application of monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6974703 TI - Comparative antineoplastic activity against P388 leukemia of 9-beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine (araA) and 9-beta-(2'-azido-2'-deoxy-D-arabinofuranosyl) adenine (arazide). PMID- 6974704 TI - Adoptive transfer of immunity induced by semi-allogeneic hybrid cells, against a murine fibrosarcoma. AB - Semi-allogeneic somatic hybrid cells derived from the fusion of a C57BL/6 fibrosarcoma (MCB6-1) and A9 cells (C3H origin) were used to immunize C57BL/6 mice against the parental tumor cells. These hybrid cells expressed H-2 histocompatibility antigen of both parental cells (H-2b and H-2k), and failed to produce tumors in normal C57BL/6 mice. A single i.p. injection of hybrid cells induced anti-tumor immunity which could be transferred to normal C57BL/6 recipient mice by immune spleen or peritoneal cells; the efficient cells were T cells, as this activity was completely abrogated by treatment with anti-Thy-1-2 antiserum and complement. Among immune splenic T cells, only the light-density T cells, obtained after fractionation on Percoll gradient, were effective in the transfer of immunity. Immunity induced by the hybrid cells was specific for MCB6 1 parental tumor cells. This immunity could be transferred during two brief periods, 7 to 12 days, and 40 to 50 days, after hybrid cell injection; there appeared to be an intermediate period, 12 to 40 days after immunization, during which no immunity could be transferred. These results suggest a suppressive mechanism implicated during hybrid cell immunization and interacting with the anti-tumor immune response. PMID- 6974706 TI - Creating a useful panel of anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to human T lymphocyte surface markers were produced by cell fusions between splenocytes from mice, immunized with T lineage cells, and mouse myeloma cells. Our approaches to immunization, clone selection and analysis of the resultant monoclonal antibodies with similar reactivities were produced. In one example, we found that several distinct monoclonal antibodies identified the same T inducer subset yet, apparently, recognized epitopes of the differentiation antigen(s) on these cells. PMID- 6974707 TI - Preparative separation of human T cells reactive with the OKT4 monoclonal antibody. AB - A cell separation technique is described which can provide large numbers (i.e. greater than 5 x 10(7)) of human lymphoid cells which are positively and negatively selected for their ability to react with the OKT4 monoclonal antibody. Peripheral blood lymphocytes are depleted of plastic-adherent cells and then exposed to OKT4 antibody. Unbound OKT4 antibody is removed by washing and then this OKT4-exposed cell population is placed on plastic Petri dishes that are coated with affinity-purified goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin. Cells which do not bind the OKT4 antibody (OKT4- cells) can be obtained by gently washing the nonadherent cells from the plates, while the adherent (OKT4+) cells can be recovered by vigorous pipetting. This procedure yields functional OKT4+ and OKT4- cell populations with a purity which approaches that obtained by separation using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The principal advantages of this plate separation technique are that: (1) large numbers of functional cell populations can be obtained; (2) very small quantities of monoclonal antibody (e.g. 1:10(4) dilution of ascites) are required; and (3) sterility of the cell preparations can be maintained quite easily. PMID- 6974708 TI - Monoclonal antibody assessments of T cell interactions in erythropoietin studies. AB - The contemporary application of clonal assay techniques has greatly expanded our knowledge of the regulation of hematopoiesis. Our efforts have been directed toward the investigation of non-erythropoietin-mediated regulation of human erythropoiesis in the form of cell-to-cell interaction between mature T cells and erythroid progenitors. Our data indicate that three such progenitors, the early marrow erythrocyte precursor BFU-E, the more mature marrow erythrocyte precursor, CFU-E and the peripheral blood BFU-E, each exhibit totally different requirements for their colony expression in culture, with respect to the absence of erythropoietin and the presence of mature T cells or their products. The capacity of erythroid progenitors to withstand incubation in the absence of erythropoietin appears to be a characteristic of immature rather than mature erythroid progenitors. Furthermore, use of OKT3 antibody depletion techniques shows that peripheral blood-derived BFU-E appear to depend upon mature lymphocytes or T cell conditioned medium for erythropoietin-stimulated differentiation while bone marrow BFU-E and CFU-E have no requirement for mature T cells to produce erythropoietin-dependent maturation. Our results, plus a vast array of data provided by other investigators in the field, are integrated into a proposed framework for further investigation of T cell induction of erythropoietin dependent erythroid differentiation aimed at more specifically identifying the inducer cell subset(s) in that system. PMID- 6974709 TI - Imbalance in T cell subsets in human diseases. AB - T cell subsets have been evaluated in 232 patients with various immunological diseases and 41 normal individuals used as a control group. An increase in the helper/suppressor ratio (OKT4:OKT8) was often noted in multiple sclerosis (acute attacks and progressive forms), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (without steroids), membranous and IgA-deposit glomerulonephritis, HBs-negative chronic active hepatitis, lepromatous patients with erythema nodosum, and myasthenia gravis. Ratios were usually normal in membranoproliferative nephritis, in lupus erythematosus (at least in steroid treated cases) and in nephrotic syndrome. High values of helper cells have been found in Sezary's syndrome (with low or no suppressor cells) and in mycosis fungoides. Variable data have been obtained in immunodeficiency syndromes. These data have been correlated with age, sex and clinical parameters, as well as with other immunological tests (E rosettes, mitogen responses, mixed lymphocyte reaction, Concanavalin A-induced suppression). From our investigations we have concluded that the study of OKT antibody-defined T cell subsets offers a valuable technique for the further investigation of human immunological diseases. PMID- 6974710 TI - Use of Orthoclone monoclonal antibodies in the study of selected dermatologic conditions. AB - Monoclonal antibodies recognizing human T cell differentiation antigens were used to study lymphocyte populations in three cutaneous diseases. Neoplastic lymphocytes from patients with varying phases of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome and related presentations) were reactive with OKT1 and OKT3 (pan T cell reagents) and OKT4 (an antibody defining the functional "helper" T cell subset). The malignant cells lacked membrane antigens reactive with OKT5 and OKT8 (markers of "suppressor" T cells). The presence of an OKT1+, OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT5-, OKT8- phenotype on the neoplastic T lymphocytes of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) supports the clinical impression that all phases of CTCL represent a single disease entity. A patient with pemphigus vulgaris, a disease of autoreactive, antiepidermal antibodies was shown to consistently have a marked expansion of the peripheral blood OKT4 reactive T lymphocyte population. These findings suggest that autoantibodies in pemphigus vulgaris may occur in the context of a profound OKT4/OKT5 immunoregulatory imbalance. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients ith extensive psoriasis vulgaris had a normal profile of reactivity with the OKT antibodies. In addition, OKT6 (marker of intrathymic T cells) has been shown to react with Ia+ dendritic cells in the epidermis suggesting that this antibody may recognize Langerhans' cells. PMID- 6974711 TI - Evaluation of blood pressure in vasectomized and nonvasectomized men. AB - We assessed the effect of vasectomy on blood pressure by collecting cross sectional data on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 946 male volunteer blood donors; of these, 30% were vasectomized. We used analysis of multiple covariance to correct both pressures for variation in age, weight, and height. Vasectomized and nonvasectomized men did not differ significantly in mean systolic or diastolic blood pressures. However, many of these men had been vasectomized for only a short period of time. We analysed the vasectomy subsample by multiple regression to determine whether blood pressures adjusted for age, body mass index, and height changed with time since vasectomy and found a slight, but non-significant, rise in the systolic pressure with square of time since vasectomy. The data are sufficiently strong to raise concern that data from a sample of men who have been vasectomized for longer periods of time would have shown a more dramatic increase. PMID- 6974712 TI - The effects of single dose X-irradiation on the guinea-pig spinal cord. AB - Lumbar or cervical regions of the guinea-pig spinal cord were irradiated with a single dose of 250kV X-rays. The latency for paralysis, whether of hind- or forelimbs, and the histopathology of the radiation-induced cord lesions depended critically on the radiation dose. There were definite but only minor differences between the reactions of lumbar and cervical cord to the same radiation dose. After 30 or 40 Gy there was white matter necrosis but after 20 Gy widespread demyelination associated with vacuolar spaces occurred. After irradiation of the lumbar cord with 30-40 Gy, the lesions in the guinea-pig differed from those reported in the rat. White-matter necrosis in the guinea-pig cord was only occasionally associated with spinal nerve root necrosis, whereas in the rat, nerve-root necrosis with sparing of the white matter was the main lesion. After 20 Gy to the cervical or lumbar cord the guinea-pig showed widespread demyelination and vacuolation whereas in rats vascular lesions were the main result. PMID- 6974714 TI - Are inducible components involved in the repair of irradiated neuronal and brain tumour DNA? PMID- 6974713 TI - The effect of lactate on the radiation response of CHO-K1 cells in culture. AB - The radiobiological effect of lactate is described. Prolonged incubation of CHO K1 cells over a wide range of lactate concentrations sensitized them to subsequent irradiation. Survival curves indicated that the size of the shoulder was reduced. Short treatment times resulted in a radioprotective effect and an increase in the survival curve slope. Lactate levels used were within physiological limits and are therefore discussed in relation to their possible implications in radiobiology and radiotherapy. PMID- 6974716 TI - Measurement of o.e.r. and r.b.e. for mono-energetic 2.5 and 14.3 MeV neutrons. PMID- 6974715 TI - Plasma membrane as a sensitive target in radiation-induced cell injury and death: an ultrastructural study. PMID- 6974718 TI - Clinical experience with deamino-8-D-AGR-Vasopressin (DDAVP) in patients with Factor VIII deficiency. PMID- 6974717 TI - Perceptual processes as prerequisites for complex human behaviour. AB - Learning implies interaction between the environment and the individual. Thus processing of perceptual information becomes a crucial factor. Perception includes all the mechanisms used in processing the stimuli of an actual situation. Research findings in normal and sensory-deprived children suggest that perceptual development covers the entire period of acquisition of language and other complex human performances. Furthermore, children and brain damaged adults presenting problems of language and other complex human performances, such as imitation and production of events, also show difficulties in successive pattern and form recognition. The hypothesis is proposed that the adequacy of perceptual processes is a prerequisite for complex human performance. A learning model is described, based on that assumption, and therapeutic consequences are discussed. PMID- 6974719 TI - Histocytosis X with pulmonary and cutaneous manifestations. PMID- 6974720 TI - An open evaluation of trilisate tablets in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6974721 TI - Adherence and colonization of Mycoplasma pulmonis to genital epithelium and spermatozoa in rats. AB - Mycoplasma pulmonis is the etiological agent of a naturally occurring genital disease in rats. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic evaluations of the genital tracts of naturally and experimentally infected female rats show M. pulmonis in close association with both squamous and nonsquamous epithelial cells, although more frequently with the latter. In contrast to other species of mycoplasmas, M. pulmonis adhesion to epithelial cells appears to be mediated by a generalized interaction of the mycoplasma membrane with the host cell membrane, rather than by a specialized attachment tip. Extensive studies of all levels of the male genital tract have not yet been performed, but M. pulmonis can be demonstrated in the urethra and epididymis in animals showing evidence of chronic inflammation. Adherence of M. pulmonis to rat spermatozoa in vitro is associated with a decrease in motility. Addition of anti-M. pulmonis antibody following organism attachment results in marked agglutination of the spermatozoa. Further study of mechanisms involved in M. pulmonis adherence and subsequent mycoplasma host cell interactions is expected to contribute to an understanding of mechanisms involved in reproductive failure. PMID- 6974722 TI - Mycoplasma host-cell interactions resulting in chronic inflammation: acquisition of host antigens and other mechanisms. AB - Many pathogenic mycoplasmas induce chronic inflammation as a consequence of their ability of circumvent or block immunological attack. This may be due to the organisms's intrinsic properties or to factors that arise from mycoplasma host cell interactions. Based upon present evidence, the most likely mechanisms are antibody and/or phagocyte inefficiency, alteration of lymphocyte responsiveness due to the nonspecific mitogenicity of mycoplasmas, and antigenic disguise via acquisition of host antigens. The latter is not only an important mechanism by which the organisms could evade or alter the host immunological response, but one which may serve as a stimulus for autoimmune reactions. PMID- 6974724 TI - Posterior chamber lens modification. PMID- 6974726 TI - Beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides species in the oral cavity in relation to penicillin therapy. PMID- 6974723 TI - Recent advances in neuro-otology. AB - Four advances in the field of neuro-otology are described: (1) auditory brain stem response audiometry, (2) electroneuronography, (3) the cochlear implant, and (4) the infratemporal fossa approach to the skull base. Auditory brain-stem response audiometry is an accurate method for the early detection of hearing impairment and early diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas. Electroneuronography accurately assesses the degree of injury to the facial nerve, thereby improving management of facial nerve lesions. The cochlear implant restores the sensation of sound to totally deaf patients. The infratemporal fossa approach is used to treat extensive lesions of the skull base. PMID- 6974725 TI - Asparenomycin A, a new carbapenem antibiotic. PMID- 6974727 TI - beta-Lactamase activity in a strain of Salmonella typhi. PMID- 6974729 TI - Rapid and specific enhancement of phosphorylation of two normal rat kidney cell membrane polypeptides of Mr = 170,000 and 150,000 by epidermal growth factor in vitro. PMID- 6974730 TI - Vitamin B12-dependent replication of L1210 mouse leukemia cells. A model system for cobalamin-folate inter-relationships. AB - L1210 mouse leukemia cells were made cobalamin-deficient by propagation in a medium from which cyanocobalamin was omitted and fetal bovine serum (containing protein-bound cobalamins) was replaced by bovine serum albumin. These cobalamin deficient cells exhibited a normal replication time of 12 h, provided that the medium contained excess folate or 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. The cells responded poorly, however, to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate unless exogenous cobalamin was added. A cobalamin dependency was also observed when low levels of folate or 5 formyltetrahydrofolate were used. With 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, optimal stimulation of growth was observed with free and transcobalamin-II-bound cobalamin at 4,000 pM and 2 pM, respectively. Under cobalamin-replete conditions, cells contained 2,000 to 4,000 molecules of cobalamin/cell, and in the deficient state, this value declined to less than 10 molecules/cell; optimal replication on 5-methyltetrahydrofolate required approximately 180 molecules/cell. Cobalamin deficient cells cultured in the absence of folate reached an arrested state from which limited replication could be induced by the addition of aquacobalamin; normal replication was induced by aquacobalamin plus 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Results of this investigation are interpreted in terms of the requirement for tetrahydrofolate in cell replication and the production of this compound from folate and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (via cobalamin-independent pathways) and from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (via the cobalamin-dependent methionine synthetase). PMID- 6974728 TI - Haemophilus influenzae polypeptides involved in deoxyribonucleic acid uptake detected by cellular surface protein iodination. AB - Polypeptides that appear to be involved in competence development and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) uptake by Haemophilus influenzae were detected with a surface-specific iodinating reagent 1,3,4,6,-tetrachloro-3 alpha, 6 alpha diphenylglycoluril. As shown on electrophoretograms, a number of polypeptides became sensitive to 125I protein labeling with the ability of these cells to bind DNA. Of these polypeptides, nine were reduced in their ability to be labeled (ral polypeptides) extensively after the incubation of competent cells with homologous, but not with heterologous, DNA. Iodination of many of these ral polypeptides was reduced in competence-deficient mutants compared with wild-type competent cells. One 125I-labeled polypeptide corresponding to a molecular weight of 29,000 was present at reduced levels in mutants reduced in the ability to bind DNA. Our results suggest that the 29,000-molecular-weight polypeptide corresponds with the ability of H. influenzae to take up DNA and that a complex of proteins is involved in DNA uptake and transformation. PMID- 6974731 TI - Occurrence of H1o-like protein and protein A24 in the chromatin of bullfrog erythrocytes lacking histone 5. AB - Electrophoretic analysis of acid-soluble chromosomal protein isolated from the erythrocytes of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana reveals that the nucleated erythrocytes contain five major histones (H1A, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) and three minor histone-like proteins (H1B, R1, and R2). Histone 5, found as an additional major histone of avian erythrocytes, is not detected in the frog erythrocytes. Three minor components of the bullfrog erythrocytes, which are not present in the avian erythrocytes, have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and characterized by amino acid analysis, NH2-terminal analysis, tryptic peptide mapping, and immunological techniques. H1B extracted with 5% HClO4 along with H1A has a very similar amino acid composition and tryptic peptide map to H1o, a subfraction of lysine-rich histones found in nondividing mammalian cells. Microcomplement fixation also shows that H1B and bovine liver H1o share some common antigenic determinants. R1, a basic protein having a ratio of basic/acidic amino acids of 2.0 and 20 mol % lysine, is distinguished from any chromosomal proteins characterized so far on the basis of electrophoretic mobility and amino acid composition. On the other hand, R2 is identified as protein A24 on the basis of its electrophoretic mobility, amino acid composition, and tryptic peptide map. Since H1o and protein A24 are considered to be involved in the inhibition of DNA replication and RNA synthesis, respectively, H1o-like protein and protein A24 in the frog erythrocyte lacking H5 may have central roles in genetic inactivation during erythrocyte maturation. PMID- 6974734 TI - Frequency of colour vision defects among Zulus in Natal. PMID- 6974733 TI - Glucocorticoid-induced proteins in rat thymus cells. AB - The possibility that hormone-induced changes in the synthesis of individual proteins may serve as initiating events for the rapidly evolving glucocorticoid induced metabolic suppressions in rat thymus cells was examined. Synthetic rates of about 2500 individual proteins were screened using giant two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Dexamethasone induces large, rapid increases in the rates of synthesis of at least three and more subtle increases in another three proteins. Increases in the rates of synthesis of four of these six proteins occur within 15 to 45 min. The time course suggests that changes in the synthesis of some or all of these four proteins may serve to generate the rapidly evolving hormone-induced inhibition of glucose transport. More slowly emerging changes in two other proteins parallel the latter metabolic effects of decreased mitochondrial ATP production and increased nuclear fragility. Cordycepin, an inhibitor of new mRNA processing, prevents the dexamethasone-induced increases in protein labeling. Also, when used alone, cordycepin selectively slows the synthesis of those early proteins that can be induced by dexamethasone, suggesting that the mRNAs coding for the early induced proteins have unusually short half-lives. Short-lived mRNAs for such putative regulatory proteins may allow the cell to respond rapidly to changing needs. Preliminary experiments using giant gel separations of subcellular fractions indicate that two of the induced proteins co-purify with crude plasma and nuclear membrane fractions. None of the induced proteins was detected in gel separations of mitochondria. PMID- 6974732 TI - Characterization of the binding of purified human C1q to heart mitochondrial membranes. AB - The binding of purified, radioiodinated human C1q to baboon heart mitochondrial membranes was investigated. The interaction of C1q with heart mitochondrial membranes was shown to be readily saturable, specific for C1q, and reversible upon addition of unlabeled C1q or increasing salt concentrations. Scatchard plots of the binding data were biphasic and yielded association constants on the order of 1 X 10(10) and 1 X 10(9) M-1 and binding capacities of approximately 0.16 and 0.24 nmol of C1q/mg of mitochondrial protein. The binding of C1q to isolated cardiac-derived mitochondrial membranes is implicated in the antibody-independent activation of the classical complement pathway by cellular membranes. PMID- 6974736 TI - Mobility of surface proteins on normal rat macrophages and on a "macrophagelike" rat tumor. AB - Peritoneal macrophages endocytosed their histocompatibility antigens (RT1), Fc receptors (FcR), and concanavalin A (Con A) receptors after cross-linking by ligands, but did not cap these membrane proteins. The 323N cell, a "macrophage like" tumor cell, under identical conditions capped its surface proteins. Experiments measuring fluorescence recovery after photobleaching showed that the mobile fraction of RT1 was significantly greater in 323N cells than in normal peritoneal macrophages. Presumably, the membrane proteins of 323N are not as tethered to the cytoskeleton, or, if so, are in a nexus that is not the same as that which occurs between membrane proteins of normal macrophages and the cytoskeleton. The mobility of RT1 on normal lymphocytes was also different from that of macrophages. These observations suggest that the movement of membrane molecules is determined by cell type and is regulated by the cytoskeleton which varies in structure and function from cell type to cell type. PMID- 6974735 TI - Calcium release and ionic changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of tetanized muscle: an electron-probe study. AB - Approximately 60-70% of the total fiber calcium was localized in the terminal cisternae (TC) in resting frog muscle as determined by electron-probe analysis of ultrathin cryosections. During a 1.2 s tetanus, 59% (69 mmol/kg dry TC) of the calcium content of the TC was released, enough to raise total cytoplasmic calcium concentration by approximately 1 mM. This is equivalent to the concentration of binding sites on the calcium-binding proteins (troponin and parvalbumin) in frog muscle. Calcium release was associated with a significant uptake of magnesium and potassium into the TC, but the amount of calcium released exceeded the total measured cation accumulation by 62 mEq/kg dry weight. It is suggested that most of the charge deficit is apparent, and charge compensation is achieved by movement of protons into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and/or by the movement of organic co- or counterions not measured by energy dispersive electron-probe analysis. There was no significant change in the sodium or chlorine content of the TC during tetanus. The unchanged distribution of a permeant anion, chloride, argues against the existence of a large and sustained transSR potential during tetanus, if the chloride permeability of the in situ SR is as high as suggested by measurements on fractionated SR. The calcium content of the longitudinal SR (LSR) during tetanus did not show the LSR to be a major site of calcium storage and delayed return to the TC. The potassium concentration in the LSR was not significantly different from the adjacent cytoplasmic concentration. Analysis of small areas of I-band and large areas, including several sarcomeres, suggested that chloride is anisotropically distributed, with some of it probably bound to myosin. In contrast, the distribution of potassium in the fiber cytoplasm followed the water distribution. The mitochondrial concentration of calcium was low and did not change significantly during a tetanus. The TC of both tetanized and resting freeze-substituted muscles contained electron-lucent circular areas. The appearance of the TC showed no evidence of major volume changes during tetanus, in agreement with the estimates of unchanged (approximately 72%) water content of the TC obtained with electron-probe analysis. PMID- 6974737 TI - Plasmid analyses in clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides species. AB - Plasmid analyses were performed on Bacteroides strains isolated from clinical specimens. Of 32 Bacteroides strains, 8 were found to contain plasmids. Seven of these eight strains were B. fragilis, and the other one was B. distasonis. Three of these eight strains harbored only a 3.0-megadalton plasmid. Two strains had only a 2.0-megadalton plasmid, and one had 2.0-, 3.0-megadalton plasmid. Of the remaining two strains, one had 2.0-, 3.0-, and 5.0-megadalton plasmids, and the other had 3.0- and 5.0-megadalton plasmids. Beta-Lactamase was produced by 93% of the clinical isolates. Seven of the eight plasmid-carrying strains were cadmium resistant, five were zinc resistant, four were mercury resistant, and two expressed a brick-red fluorescence under ultraviolet light. None of these traits could be associated with a plasmid after performing either curing experiments or genetic transfer experiments by cell-to-cell contact. PMID- 6974738 TI - Correlation of penicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations and penicillin zone edge appearance with staphylococcal beta-lactamase production. AB - Production of staphylococcal beta-lactamase was shown to be correlated with penicillin G minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of greater than 0.05 microgram/ml for 97% of the Staphylococcus aureus and 99% of the Staphylococcus epidermidis strains tested. However, it is important to note that of the isolates for which MICs were equal to or less than 0.05 micro/ml, a significant percentage (16% of S. aureus and 5% of S. epidermidis) were beta-lactamase producers. Thus, lack of beta-lactamase production, which implies susceptibility to penicillin, cannot be presumed solely on the basis of low MICs. Beta-lactamase production can be easily predicted from disk diffusion susceptibility tests by observing the appearance of the penicillin inhibition zone edge. A sharply demarcated edge was correlated with beta-lactamase production for 100% of the S. aureus and 93% of the S. epidermidis strains tested. The presence of this type of zone edge when a penicillin zone measures in the intermediate or susceptible range indicates that the isolate should be checked for beta-lactamase production. PMID- 6974739 TI - Excitation-contraction uncoupling of striated muscle fibres by formamide treatment: evidence of detubulation. AB - A reportedly new technique of excitation-contraction uncoupling of frog skeletal muscle fibres was evaluated by low-frequency linear cable analysis and electron microscopy. Results indicate a similarity between the electrophysiological and ultrastructural effects of the formamide procedure and those obtained with conventional glycerol shock. Fibres in isolated frog sartorius muscles immersed in a frog Ringer's-formamide solution showed a rapid decline in twitch tension and a decrease in specific membrane capacitance, and disruption of the morphology of the transverse tubule system. These results are consistent with physical and electrical isolation of the transverse tubular network from the surface membrane of the muscle fibre ("detubulation"). However, reduction of twitch tension is marked in the formamide solution. Complete paralysis is only achieved following the return to normal Ringer's. Probably due to the greater membrane permeability of formamide, the technique requires less time and may be more reliable than the standard glycerol shock procedure. PMID- 6974740 TI - Effects of fatigue and altered pH on isometric force and velocity of shortening at zero load in frog muscle fibres. AB - temporaria (0.9-2.5degrees C) were stimulated to produce a 1 s isometric tetanus at regular intervals until constant mechanical responses were attained. Various degrees of force depression ("fatigue") were produced by decreasing the contraction interval from 30 or 15 min (control to 120, 60, 30 and 15s, respectively. In this was the steady-state tetanic force could be reversibly reduced to approximately 70% of the control value. The velocity of shortening at zero load, V0, was determined at each level of fatigue using an approach for direct measurement of V0. V0 was not significantly affected as long as the decrease in force was less than 10%. With further reduction of the isometric tension there was a progressive decline of V0 according to the following empirical relationship between percentage depression of force (delta P0) and maximum speed (delta V0) of shortening: delta V0 = 0.006 delta P02.48- 1.0 (correlation coefficient, 0.86). Cine photographic recording of nylon markers on the fibre surface provided evidence that fatigue developed uniformly along the fibre with no sign of failure of excitation in any segment. The change in mechanical performance during fatigue could be reproduced inthe non-fatigued fibre by reducing the pH of the external medium within the range 8.0-6.6 using a bicarbonate-CO2 buffer. A decrease in pH thus reduced both the rate of rise and the total amplitude of isometric force and prolonged the relaxation phase. Furthermore, there was a drop in V0 that was related to the force decline in approximately the same way as observed during fatigue. The results support the idea the fatigue involves both a reduced state of activation of the contractile system and a specific (activation independent) inhibition of crossbridge turnover. Increased intracellular H+ concentration is likely to contribute to the development of both these effects during fatigue. PMID- 6974742 TI - Comparative anatomy of the distribution of catecholamines within the inferior olivary complex from teleosts to primates. AB - The distribution of catecholamine (CA) in the inferior olivary complex (IO) of various vertebrate (from fish to monkey) was investigated by means of the histofluorescence technique. In addition, using rats, a further attempt was made to elucidate the origins of CA in the IO. The IO of the lower vertebrates (from fish to birds) was in general poorly innervated by the CA neuron system. IO in the lower mammals, such as insectivora and bats, contained only a few CA nerve terminals, while that in the higher mammals such as rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, and monkey revealed quite a number. In these animals, species-species patterns of CA nerve terminals were found. In the rat, the highest concentration was observed in the dorsal lamella of the principal nucleus and in guinea pig ventral lamella. In the rabbit and cat, maximum CA nerve terminals were detected in the dorsal accessory nucleus, while in the monkey, they were detected in the medial accessory nucleus. The retrograde tracer technique of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) suggested that the main source of the abundant CA terminals in IO of the rat might be A1, A2, and A3 noradrenaline neurons, though not locus coeruleus and not dopaminergic ones. PMID- 6974743 TI - Long-term survival of centrally projecting axons in the optic nerve of the frog following destruction of the retina. AB - A significant number of unmyelinated axons and their synaptic endings in the frog, Rana pipiens, were found to retain a normal morphology long after separation from their cell bodies. At the end of various survival periods following unilateral removal of the retina, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was administered to the optic nerve stump by a fiber-filling method. In frogs maintained at 20 degrees C, unmyelinated optic nerve axons conducted HRP from the site of application in the orbit to layers A, C, and E of the contralateral optic tectum, even though their retinas had been removed up to 69 days earlier. Such fiber-filling was absent beyond 19 days in other frogs surviving at 35 degrees C. No labeled fibers were continuous with any intracerebral neurons. The HRP was always localized intraaxonally, and the marked axons and terminals were ultrastructurally normal. Counts of surviving axons from electron micrographs of the optic nerves showed that, at 20 degrees C, more than half of the normal complement of unmyelinated axons disappeared in the first 10 days. All the myelinated axons degenerated during the first 6 weeks survival. However, approximately 55,000 normal-appearing unmyelinated axons (12% of the unmyelinated fiber population) persisted in the optic nerve at 10 weeks following removal of the retina. The survival rate was lower at 35 degrees C. In other frogs, one eye was injected with 3H-leucine to initiate axonal transport into the retinal ganglion cell axons. That eye was removed 48 hours later. Autoradiographic analysis of brain sections of frog surviving an additional 31 to 61 days at 20 degrees C showed strong labeling of the optic tract and layers A, C, and E of the contralateral optic tectum. The absence of displaced ganglion cells that might exist within the optic nerve was verified by other observations. It is hypothesized that the potential shown by frog optic axons for long-term survival in the absence of the cell-body expresses a general property of vertebrate (and invertebrate) axons, rather than a special property of the frog optic nerve. PMID- 6974741 TI - Tumor promoter phorbol myristic acetate stimulates immunoglobulin secretion correlated with growth cessation in human B lymphocyte cell lines. AB - Immunoglobulin production by lymphoblast cell lines was studies using protein A red blood cell plaque formation to detect individual secreting cells. Immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion by 6 of 12 human B-cell lines tested could be stimulated up to twentyfold by phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) at subtoxic concentrations of 10-1000 ng/ml depending on the line. Stimulation was found with both IgM and IgG cell lines. No switch of Ig class synthesis was found in the cell lines as a result of PMA incubation. Increase in Ig secretion was closely associated with cessation of growth resembling induction of terminal differentiation in the cells. PMA induction of Ig secretion in B lymphocytes from normal peripheral blood requires the cooperation of T cells. PMA stimulation of certain cell lines reported here suggests that the lines are late in the differentiation pathway to plasmacyte and can be easily triggered to secrete Ig by membrane-altering agents. PMID- 6974744 TI - Zinc toxicity in the ferret. PMID- 6974745 TI - HLA-DR-positive cells in large plaque (atrophic) parapsoriasis. AB - The development of a monoclonal antibody directed against HLA DR (Ia-like) antigens of B cells and monocytes but not against normal peripheral human T cells suggested that this antibody might be used as a marker of B cells and monocytes in tissue sections. The T cell nature of large plaque (atrophic) parapsoriasis has recently been demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase technic. Immunoperoxidase examination of serial sections of tissues from two cases of large plaque parapsoriasis with one T cell antiserum, two monoclonal T cell antibodies, and one monoclonal reagent directed against HLA DR indicated that T cells in the cutaneous infiltrates were also HLA DR-positive. Evidence is accumulating that HLA DR positivity may be expressed by activated T cells. The findings here therefore suggest that many of the T lymphoid cells in two cases of large plaque (atrophic) parapsoriasis examined were activated in nature, and that HLA DR may not be a specific marker for B cells and monocytes in certain pathologic conditions. Caution should therefore presently be exercised in attempting to use this marker for the specific identification of B cells and monocytes in pathologic specimens, without simultaneous testing for T cell markers. PMID- 6974747 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6974746 TI - Immune complexes and autoantibodies in silicosis. AB - Serum specimens from 53 patients with silicosis were examined for the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), immunoglobulins, and immune complexes. These humoral immunologic parameters were compared with radiographic changes and pulmonary function studies. A significant percentage of patients had an increased prevalence of ANA, RF, and immunoglobulin elevation (IgG, IgA). Immune complexes determined by the Raji-cell assay were detected in 31% of the patients. However, there was no significant correlation between any humoral immunologic abnormality and radiographic changes or declines in pulmonary function tests. These findings suggest that humoral immunologic abnormalities are not directly responsible for the lung changes in silicosis and cannot be used as "guides" to predict severity or progression of disease. PMID- 6974748 TI - A current approach to acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - The mortality in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding has not changed in the past quarter century in spite of the introduction of new modes of therapy and treatment. In this review we address the possible reasons for a lack of change in mortality and the implications raised for the use of new techniques. We review the factors that affect the mortality of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and the diagnostic accuracy of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Based on this information, we present guidelines for the therapy of the major causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. These guidelines should be useful until new therapies have been assessed and become generally available. PMID- 6974749 TI - Portal vein thrombosis and fatal pulmonary thromboembolism associated with oral contraceptive treatment. AB - We report a 33-year-old woman who took oral contraceptives for 8 years, and who developed gastrointestinal bleeding from esophageal varices. Celiac and mesenteric angiography demonstrated a portal vein thrombosis. Because of several episodes of dyspnea, a pulmonary angiogram was also performed, and showed partial or complete obstruction of both inferior pulmonary arteries with "pruning" of lower lobes. Despite immediate anticoagulant therapy, the patient died suddenly some days later. We believe that oral contraceptive treatment could have induced thromboembolic disease both in portal and pulmonary circulations in this patient. PMID- 6974750 TI - Methods for the purification, assay, characterization and target cell binding of a colony stimulating factor (CSF-1). PMID- 6974751 TI - The use of tannic acid fixation for the electron microscope visualization of fluorochrome-labelled antibodies attached to cell surface antigens. AB - Tannic acid as a prefixative for EM purposes was introduced by Futaesaku et al. (1972). The fixative creates conditions for enhancing electron density of different protein materials. By using a mixture of tannic acid and glutaraldehyde as prefixative, followed by a routine procedure of postfixation (OsO4) and poststaining (uranylacetate and lead citrate), membrane bound antibodies not conjugated with electron dense markers are made visible under the electron microscope. PMID- 6974752 TI - Simultaneous detection of two different cell surface antigens by electron microscopy by means of multivalent hybrid antibody with double specificity. AB - Multivalent hybrid antibody (MHA) complexes with dual specificity were prepared by combining two antibodies of different specificities, one against ferritin (Fer), the other against horseradish peroxidase (HRP), with protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (SpA). Electron microscopy of mouse spleen lymphocytes and thymocytes (previously coated with mouse IgG anti-Thy-1 antibody) treated with IgG anti-Fer/SpA/IgG anti-mouse Ig complex and Fer gave better resolution and higher accuracy than previously obtained with IgG anti-HRP/SpA/IgG anti-mouse Ig complex and HRP (Mandache et al., 1980). Surface Thy-1 alloantigen and Fc receptor (charged with human IgG) treated with a mixture of IgG anti-Fer/SpA/IgG anti-Thy-1 and IgG anti-HRP/SpA/IgG anti-human Fab could be simultaneously detected on the thymocyte surface by either light or electron microscopy using Fer and HRP. The concomitant visualization of Thy-1 alloantigen (with Fer) and FcR (with HRP) on mouse thymocyte clearly shows that their distribution is largely independent and that the amount of Thy-1 antigen is greater. These results show that electron microscopy with a mixture of MHA is a useful technique for simultaneous location of two antigenic markers on the cell surface. PMID- 6974753 TI - Synergistic effects of human B and T lymphocyte mitogens induce uniform, high levels of immunoglobulin secretion among normal donors. AB - Synergistic effects of B-cell mitogen Staphylococcus bacteria strain Cowan I (Cowan I) plus T-cell activator pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in generating immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were investigated. ISC were assayed by reverse plaque-forming cells uing protein A-coated red blood cells. Low concentrations of PWM plus Cowan I gave superadditive effects on ISI induction, generating 3-20 times as many ISC as optimal amounts of either mitogen alone. The mitogens together and separately showed similar kinetics of ISC; synergy was observed at every day tested. IgM ISC represented 10% of initial MNC from all cell donors tested even if the donors were low responders to either mitogen alone. The numbers of ISC obtained are higher than previous reports and more uniform among donors, making this a superlative method for studies on normal human immunoglobulin secretion. PMID- 6974755 TI - [Chemotherapeutic design against superinfections in severe chronic respiratory infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974754 TI - Membrane fluorescent probes for the demonstration of lymphocyte population heterogeneity. I T. and B lymphocytes of mice and rats. AB - Non-fixed lymphocytes of rats and mice were stained with the membrane fluorescent probe, 3-methoxybenzanthrone. The probe is capable of binding preferentially with lymphocyte membranes and fluoresces in the green spectral region. Microfluorometry of single cells showed that lymphocytes differ in all lymphoid organs and these may be a 3-10-fold variation in fluorescence intensity. Lymphocytes can be divided into two groups according to fluorescence intensity: "bright" and "dim". The proportions of "bright" and "dim" cells were determined in rats and mice for various lymphoid organs in the normal state, after thymectomy and cyclophosphamide treatment, and also after lymphocyte separation on a nylon wool column. In all cases the proportion of bright lymphocytes corresponded to the B-cell content, and the proportion of dim lymphocytes corresponded to the content of T-cells. PMID- 6974756 TI - [A case of acute blast crisis supervening on B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974757 TI - Brain stem electrical responses in cerebello-pontine angle tumours. AB - Thirty patients with cerebello-pontine angle tumours were studied with brain-stem electrical responses (BSER). Twenty-one of the patients had acoustic neuromas. Two other patients had meningiomas, one a lymphoma, one a chordoma, two patients arterio- venous malformations, and two aneurysms in the cerebello-pontine angle. In eight cases no BSER-waves could be evoked. In 13 cases with a Wave V present this wave was significantly delayed in all cases. The inter-aural time difference (IT5) and the I-V interval was prolonged in all those cases in which these parameters could be estimated, In nine cases, only the earlier components of the BSER (I and III) could be distinguished although Wave II was often missing. In all 30 cases studied the BSER was pathological, indicating a cerebello-pontine angle lesion. PMID- 6974758 TI - Antigen presentation to human T lymphocytes. I. Different requirements for stimulation by hapten-modified cells vs. cell sonicates. AB - We have investigated the cellular and antigenic requirements for incubation of secondary proliferative responses by human T lymphocytes. Two distinct properties of antigen-presenting peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied: (a) the ability for appropriate cell surface constituents to construct an immunogenic moiety, and (b) the ability to present similar antigenic determinants when they are not covalently bound. Only Ia+ hapten-modified cells were effective stimulators. In contrast, both Ia+ and Ia- cell sonicates could stimulate secondary proliferative responses, but only in the presence of an accessory cell. This accessory cell was present in Ia+ macrophage, but not in Ia+ non-T lymphocyte, preparations. In contrast, macrophages or soluble factors produced by macrophages were not required for primed T cells to undergo hapten-specific proliferation in response to hapten-modified Ia+ stimulator cells. Thus, although all Ia+ cells tested can stimulate primed cells to proliferate, not all Ia+ cells can function as accessory cells for responses to sonicates. This may reflect the unique ability of a subpopulation(s) of Ia+ cells to bind or process sonicates or soluble antigens for appropriate recognition by primed T cells. PMID- 6974759 TI - Committed T lymphocyte stem cells of rats. Characterization by surface W3/13 antigen and radiosensitivity. AB - The existence of stem cells committed to the T lymphoid lineage was deduced from studying how rat T and B stem cells differ in their expression of membrane W3/13 antigen and in their susceptibility in vivo to gamma irradiation. Stem cell activity of rat bone marrow and fetal liver was measured in long-term radiation chimeras using B and T cell alloantigenic surface markers to identify the progeny of donor cells. Monoclonal mouse anti-rat thymocyte antibody W3/13 labeled approximately 40% of fetal liver cells and 60-70% of young rat bone marrow cells (40% brightly, 25% dimly). Bright, dim, and negative cells were separated on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. All B and T lymphoid stem cells in fetal liver were W3/13 bright, as were B lymphoid stem cells in bone marrow. W3/13 dim bone marrow had over half the T cell repopulating activity of unseparated marrow but gave virtually no B cell repopulation. In further experiments, the radiosensitivity of endogenous B and T lymphoid stem cells was determined by exposing host rats to between 4.5 and 10 Gy of gamma irradiation before repopulation with genetically marked marrow. The results depended on whether chimerism was assayed before day 50 or after day 100. At early times, a radioresistant T stem cell was indicated, whose activity waned later. Thus committed T stem cells of rats carry moderate amounts of W3/13 antigen and are more radioresistant but less permanently chimeragenic than the stem cells that regenerate B lymphocytes. PMID- 6974761 TI - Pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein: a comparison of analysis by radioimmunoassay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay observations on patients with malignant teratoma of testis. AB - A comparison of serum pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein analysis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay has been made. Excellent correlation was obtained between the two methods but radioimmunoassay was found to be more precise and to have a lower detection limit than enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Using the more sensitive radioimmunoassay system, 2 out of 10 control male sera were found to contain detectable levels of pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein. Sequential results are presented on patients with diagnosed malignant teratoma of testis who were undergoing chemotherapy. PMID- 6974762 TI - Critical sarcomere extension required to recruit a decaying component of extra force during stretch in tetanic contractions of frog skeletal muscle fibers. AB - 29 single frog skeletal muscle fibers were stretched during fused tetanic contractions. The force increase during stretch exhibited a breakpoint at a critical length change (average: 16.6 nm per one-half sarcomere) that was independent of velocity of stretch and of sarcomere length between 1.8 and 2.8 microns. After stretch there was an early decaying force component with a force extension curve similar to that during stretch, which disappeared over approximately 2 s. This component was removed by a small, quick release, leaving a longer-lasting component. The critical amplitude of release required to produce this result was found by clamping the fiber to a load at which there was zero velocity of shortening. This amplitude increased with time up to the angle in the force record during stretch, was constant for the remainder of the stretch, and decreased with time after the end of stretch; it was consistently less than the critical amplitude of stretch required to reach the breakpoint of force enhancement during stretch but was also independent of sarcomere length. The force drop accompanying the critical release showed a small increase up to an optimum magnitude at 2.4--2.7 microns sarcomere length, with a decrease at longer lengths. PMID- 6974760 TI - Balb/c T cells have the potential to recognize the TEPC 15 prototype antibody and its somatic variants. AB - Immunization of BALB/c mice with phosphorylcholine-Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin (PC-Hy) induces a population of T cells that recognize the predominant PC-binding antibody, TEPC15 (T15). The splenic fragment culture system was used to examine the specificity of these T cells for a series of PC-binding myeloma and hybridoma antibodies representing the prototype variable region of the heavy chain (VH)T 15 sequence as well as somatic variants of the T15 germ line-encoded sequence. Included in this group of PC-binding proteins were both T15-positive and T15 negative antibodies, as defined by anti-idiotypic antibody. T cell help was identified by the ability to promote TNP-specific B cell responses to trinitrophenylated PC-binding proteins. It was found that T cells generated by immunization with PC-Hy recognize both antibodies with the T15 prototype sequence and the putative somatic variants of this sequence. A population of these T cells appear to recognize common determinants shared by these proteins because immunization with T15 itself also induces the recognition of the somatic variants. This suggests that idiotopes encoded in the T15 germ line gene expressed by the T15 prototype idiotype and the somatic variants can function as targets for T cell recognition and are thus regulatory idiotopes. PMID- 6974763 TI - Control of behaviour and brain noradrenaline neurons by peripheral blood volume receptors. AB - A moderate blood volume load or experimental hemorrhage caused in the conscious rat reciprocal alterations in locomotor activity and norepinephrine turnover in brain regions largely innervated by nucleus locus coeruleus. Other brain regions as well as other central neurotransmitters (dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine) investigated did not show similar reciprocal changes. These data taken together with previous electrophysiological evidence support the notion that peripheral blood volume receptors participate in the control of brain norepinephrine neurons in the locus coeruleus as well as behaviour. PMID- 6974766 TI - Clinical evaluation of thallium-201 emission myocardial tomography using a rotating gamma camera: comparison with seven-pinhole tomography. AB - Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for thallium-201 myocardial imaging with a rotating gamma camera was evaluated in comparison with planar imaging and seven-pinhole tomography (7P). Cardiac phantom studies indicated that defects 2 cm in diameter can be visualized by both tomographic methods, but the 7P method showed propagation of the image into nearby planes, with lower image contrast. In a clinical study of 47 patients with myocardial infarction, both sensitivity and specificity for the SPECT system were high (96 and 89%, respectively); the 7P system, on the other hand, showed good sensitivity (93%) but poor specificity (68%), while planar imaging performed conversely (75 against 89%). The overall accuracy was not significantly improved in the 7P method (planar: 81%, 7P: 83%, and SPECT: 94%). Our study indicates that SPECT, which can reconstruct reliable tomographic sections in either the transaxial, frontal, or sagittal planes, will result in a remarkable improvement in the clinical evaluation of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6974767 TI - Positron imaging feasibility studies. I: Characteristics of [3H]thymidine uptake in rodent and canine neoplasms: concise communication. AB - Uptake [3H] thymidine was studied in BALB/c mice with EMT-6 sarcoma, in Buffalo rats with Morris 7777 hepatoma, and in nine dogs with spontaneous neoplasms: four lymphomas, two osteosarcomas, two soft-tissue sarcomas, and a thyroid carcinoma. High tumor-to-tissue ratios were observed for all tumor types assayed, and absolute uptakes, when computed as percent dose per gram tumor normalized for body weight, were similar for transplanted and spontaneous tumors. In the rodent tumors, radiothymidine was retained for at least 3 hr in the tumor without appreciable loss. In canine neoplasms, although the highest uptakes were observed in cellular tumors with many mitotic figures, tumor uptake showed significant variability that did not correlate with any obvious histologic change, and thus may reflect true biologic differences in metabolism among tumors at different sites in the same animal. These studies provide additional experimental evidence that the ratios of neoplastic to normal tissue and the kinetics of thymidine uptake by tumors are suitable for positron emission tomography of neoplasms in small and large animals, including both transplanted and spontaneous tumors. PMID- 6974764 TI - Immune responses in experimental allergic neuritis. AB - The antibody and cell mediated immune responses were investigated in inbred Lewis rats with experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) induced by either P2, a protein purified from the bovine cauda equina nerve roots, or whole bovine nerve root myelin. In the P2 immunised animals both antibodies to P2 detected by radioimmunoassay and cell-mediated immunity to P2 assayed by skin testing appeared before the onset of EAN and persisted during and after the disease. In the myelin immunised animals the antibody titres were lower and somewhat delayed and the skin tests became negative at the height of the disease. Complement fixing antibodies to galactocerebroside, which have been implicated in the production of demyelination under some circumstances, could not be detected in the serum after immunisation with either P2 or myelin. EAN was transferred passively with lymph node cells from rats immunised with either P2 or myelin although anti-P2 antibodies could not be detected in the serum of recipients with EAN. The results favour a cell-mediated immune response to P2 as the most important pathogenetic mechanism in EAN induced wtih whole myelin in the rat. PMID- 6974765 TI - Serial ventricular volume measurements: further insights into the aetiology and pathogenesis of benign intracranial hypertension. AB - Ventricular volumes have been measured from CT scans of patients with benign intracranial hypertension both at initial presentation and at a later date. Volumes initially were smaller than normal, but at review five patients showed a significant increase in ventricular size. Persisting small ventricular volume correlated with persisting symptoms and signs and with persisting obesity. This supports the view that patients with benign intracranial hypertension have brain swelling and that obesity may be implicated in the pathogenesis, perhaps via a neuroendocrine disturbance. It is suggested that weight reduction may be an important component of treatment. PMID- 6974768 TI - Positron imaging feasibility studies. II: Characteristics of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in rodent and canine neoplasms: concise communication. AB - Uptake of [3H]2-deoxyglucose was studied in BALB/c mice with EMT-6 sarcoma, in Buffalo rats with Morris 7777 hepatoma, and in eight dogs with spontaneous neoplasms: five osteosarcomas and three diffuse lymphomas. High tumor-to-tissue ratios were observed for all tumor types studied. In rodents, peak levels of uptake occurred between 30 min and 1 hr, with a slow loss from the tumor of about 10% per hour thereafter. In dogs there was considerable variability in uptake, both between individuals and at different tumor sites within an individual. Necrotic tumor did not take up the radiotracer. Absolute uptakes, when normalized for body weight, were similar for spontaneous and transplanted neoplasms. These studies provide additional support for the concept that positron emission tomography can be used to obtain functional images of important metabolic processes of tumors, including glycolysis. PMID- 6974769 TI - Biplanar cardiac blood-pool tomography. AB - Dynamic transverse axial wall tomograms of the left ventricle (LV) are reconstructed by a new technique from anterior and LAO views acquired with a conventional scintillation camera imaging the distribution of in-vivo Tc-99m labeled red blood cells. By confining reconstruction to the singular contiguous uniform concentration of activity in the LV, the requisite angular samplings for a given level of accuracy are substantially reduced in this restricted form of emission computed tomography (ECT). Static phantom studies using a series of volumes having various cross-sectional dimensions demonstrate tomographic edge reconstruction with less than or equal to 12% rms radial error. The dynamic cardiac ECT is demonstrated in a series of representative patient studies by reconstruction of wall tomograms in the end-diastolic and end-systolic phases of the 28-frame cardiac cycle. In contrast to the conventional dual multiframe projection views, the motion tomograms derived from the reconstructions clearly show the complete three-dimensional perspective of wall displacement. PMID- 6974770 TI - Tomographic imaging of the heart with thallium-201: seven-pinhole or rotating gamma camera? PMID- 6974771 TI - A method for simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 in human plasma by using two steps of high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25-OH-D2) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) in human plasma has been developed by using two steps of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lipids extracted from 0.51 ml of human plasma were first subjected to the preparative HPLC using a Nucleosil 5C18 column (reversed-phase type) and a 25-OH-D fraction containing 25 OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3 was separated. The separated fraction was subsequently subjected to the analytical HPLC using a Zorbax SIL column (straight-phase type). Since the peaks corresponding to 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3 were clearly separated from one another on the chromatogram of the analytical HPLC, the metabolites could be simultaneously determined by estimating the respective peak heights. When the fractions corresponding to the respective peaks were separately collected by repeatedly applying rather large quantities of human plasma and were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), they were identified as containing 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3, respectively. The proposed method was applied to plasma samples of human adults taking 400 I.U./day of vitamin D2 for 8 weeks and the values were 22.5 +/- 8.1 ng/ml for 25-OH-D3 and 11.5 +/- 1.8 ng/ml for 25-OH-D2 (mean +/- S.D.), respectively. PMID- 6974773 TI - Radioreceptor assay for 1 alpha,24(R)25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 in human serum. PMID- 6974772 TI - Plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in maternal, cord and neonatal blood. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous assay of 25 hydroxyvitamin D2 (25-OH-D2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) proposed in a previous paper (1) was applied to determine the plasma levels of the metabolites in perinatal and postnatal periods. The plasma samples of maternal, cord and neonatal blood were collected in summer and winter seasons. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 was detected in all the samples. The plasma levels of the metabolite in mothers, cords and newborn infants (at life within 24 hr) in summer were 33.9 +/- 12.5, 18.9 +/- 8.4 and 16.6 +/- 6.4 (mean +/- S.D.) ng/ml, respectively, while those in winter were 15.8 +/- 6.6, 8.8 +/- 3.4 and 7.7 +/- 3.2 ng/ml, respectively. The data in summer were significantly higher than the respective data in winter and there were high significant correlations between the mothers and cords and between mothers and newborns. In both seasons, the plasma levels of mothers were about two times higher than the respective data of cords and newborns which were nearly identical with one another. The similar tendency was always observed in the individual data of mothers-cords-newborns pair samples. In this study, many plasma samples from mothers, cords and newborns were examined, but 25-OH-D2 was detected in only few samples (6/41 for mothers, 3/36 for cords and 2/34 for newborns). However, the metabolite began to appear in all the samples during nursing with vitamin D2-fortified dry milk to show 4.6 +/- 1.3 and 4.8 +/- 1.2 ng/ml in the summer and winter samples of neonates at life of 5-6 days, respectively. When the variation of plasma 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3 levels was examined in postnatal periods until one month, the levels of exogenous 25-OH-D2 was increased while those of endogenous 25-OH-D3 was decreased. The sum of vitamin D2 intake from fortified dry milk was highly significantly correlated with the plasma levels of 25-OH-D2, which indicates that daily uptake of exogenous vitamin D2 is very important in nutrition during postnatal periods of bottle-fed infants. PMID- 6974774 TI - Deuteranomalous color matching in the deuteranopic eye. AB - Two observers were classified as deuteranopes by standard tests including two degree anomaloscope matches. Color matching similar to the Rayleigh type was then carried out for a 10-degree field size at retinal illuminance ranging from 1 to more than 3000 trolands (td). The results show that at the larger field size and higher levels of retinal illuminance, a third independent color-mediating mechanism with the sensitivity of the deuteranomalous cone is participating in the color match. The results also confirm participation of a different third mechanism with rod sensitivity at levels below about 100 td. There is a range of transition between the two as the level increases above 100 td. Therefore large field color matching in these deuteranopes is trichromatic at the levels tested, not dichromatic, and a third cone system is found to operate at typical photopic light levels under static viewing conditions in a dichromatic eye. PMID- 6974775 TI - [Pharmacological studies of sodium alginate. II. Hemostatic effect of sodium alginate on gastrointestinal bleeding]. PMID- 6974776 TI - Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of carrier bound methotrexate against tumor confined to a third space body compartment. AB - The pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effectiveness of methotrexate (MTX) and MTX covalently bound to bovine serum albumin (MTX-BSA) and poly-l-lysine, MW 3,000 (MTX-PLL 3K) or MW 40,000 to 60,000 (MTX-PLL 40-60K) were compared when these drugs were injected directly into the pleural cavities of BDF1 mice containing the L1210 tumor. Simultaneous measurements od drug levels in both pleural fluid and blood after a single dose demonstrated that free MTX and MTX-PLL 3K were cleared from the pleural cavity and blood within 4 hr, MTX-PLL 40K-60K was cleared within 2 hr, and MTX-BSA was still present in the tumor compartment at 48 hr. The coupling of MTX to these carriers increased its toxicity by extending the half-life of MTX-BSA within the animal and by incorporating a toxic PLL derivative as a carrier. At equitoxic doses, a single dose of MTX-BSA gave a peak increase in lifespan (ILS) of 50% (at 35 mg/kg) compared with a peak ILS of 30 to 35% for both free drug (at 95 mg/kg) and the MTX-PLL derivatives (at 1.4-6 mg/kg). Systemic administration of sufficient leucovorin to provide partial marrow protection compromised the antitumor activity of both MTX and MTX-BSA in the pleural cavity, and although leucovorin permitted higher doses to be used, this resulted in only a small increase in peak ILS for MTX-BSA on a single dose schedule. PMID- 6974777 TI - Inferences on the nature of the apical sodium entry site in frog skin epithelium. AB - The inhibition and stimulation of short-circuit current in in vitro frog skin by a series of structural analogs of the diuretic drug amiloride were studied. Also, the inhibitory profile of a new experimental diuretic, 3-(3-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazol 5-yl)-5-chloro-2,6-pyrazinediamine, or CGS 4270, was determined. The major conclusions of our studies are: 1) amiloride remains the most effective inhibitor of Na+ entry, with both the pyrazine ring and the acylguanidine moiety being required for maximum activity; 2) CGS 4270 also inhibits Na+ transport in frog skin; it acts only from the external solution, is uncharged, is noncompetitive with Na+ and interacts noncompetitively with amiloride; the inhibition is independent of external calcium; and 3) benzimidazole increases amiloride sensitive short-circuit current and this compound is competitive with amiloride. These results indicate that the putative Na+ entry protein contains multiple inhibitory sites and that compounds which stimulate Na+ entry may also bind at the same molecular locus as an inhibitor. PMID- 6974778 TI - Behavioural effects of long term inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors using metergoline. AB - 1. Rats were treated with acute and chronic schedules of metergoline (2.5 mg/kg I.P. twice daily) and acutely with dl-propranolol (15 mg/kg), amitriptyline (12.5 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (2 mg/kg). 2. Metergoline given both acutely and chronically blocked the behavioural response to the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N1, N1-dimethyltryptamine (5MeODMT) (2.5 mg/kg I.P.). The response to 5MeODMT) was also blocked by acute administration of dl-propranolol and amitriptyline, but not fluoxetine. 3. Rats given chronic treatment with metergoline and then withdrawn from drug treatment for 3 days showed an enhanced response to 5MeODMT. 4. Chronic metergoline treatment caused an increase in ambulatory movement following 5MeODMT administration. 5. Exploratory behaviour, when measured under dark conditions, was reduced by chronic metergoline treatment. 6. The results suggest that supersensitivity to 5-hydroxytryptamine agonists can be induced by chronic treatment with an antagonist. Furthermore, metergoline and 5-methoxy-N1, N1-dimethyltryptamine may not act on identical receptor populations. PMID- 6974779 TI - Synovial fluid total hemolytic complement activity in rheumatic diseases - a reappraisal. AB - The varied and contradictory claims made of the clinical value of measuring total hemolytic complement activity in rheumatic diseases prompted a reappraisal of its role, and a review of the literature, taking into account the anomalies of assay and the semi-quantitative nature of the procedure. We found that measurements of synovial fluid (SF) total hemolytic complement activity were of limited value in determining the diagnosis or prognosis of joint diseases. Also there was no significant relationship between SF total hemolytic complement activity and either clinical activity or other laboratory findings. We believe that measurements of SF complement activity will prove of little use as a guide to the effectiveness of drug therapy. PMID- 6974780 TI - Splenic reticuloendothelial function in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Splenic reticuloendothelial function was assessed in 20 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis by measuring the clearance of autologous heat-damaged labeled erythrocytes from the circulation. Eight patients (40%) had delayed clearance but in contrast to previous reports, we found no correlation between disease activity, levels of circulating immune complexes and splenic hypofunction. The absence of IgM rheumatoid factor was noted in 7 of 8 patients with delayed clearance times. PMID- 6974781 TI - The use of T cell subtyping to distinguish rheumatoid arthritis from systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The use of T cell subtyping to distinguish rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was evaluated. We determined the distribution of IgG Fe receptor T cells (TG), IgM Fc receptor T cells (TM), and T cells lacking Fc receptors (Tnull) in 17 patients with RA and 7 patients with SLE. All RA patients including 3 antinuclear antibody positive-rheumatoid factor negative cases had normal numbers and percentages of TG, TM, and Tnull, whereas all SLE patients had a relative and absolute deficiency of TG. This TG lymphopenia was a better discriminator for SLE (7 of 7 SLE, 0 of 17 RA) than anti-DNA antibodies, hypocomplementemia, circulating immune complexes or total number of T cells. PMID- 6974782 TI - Gastric angiodysplasia in an elderly man. PMID- 6974785 TI - Red blood cell requirements of human T lymphocyte colonies. AB - T lymphocytes were induced to form colonies by stimulating mononuclear cells with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) prior to seeding in agar. The resultant colonies showed heterogeneity in the number of cells per colony and their location of growth, be it within the agar or, less frequently, on top of the agar. Colonies were subdivided according to their size and site of growth. The enhancing effect of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was investigated through single and double agar experiments. The results indicated that SRBC and red blood cells (RBC) from other sources supported T lymphocyte colony development through a factor or factor(s) that diffused through the agar rather than by direct contact between RBC and the proliferating lymphocytes. PMID- 6974784 TI - Antiinflammatory 5,6-dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,e]azepine-3-acetic acids. PMID- 6974787 TI - The internal mammary artery graft. Its longevity after coronary bypass. AB - Two hundred ninety-eight patients who received internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts were reviewed seven to nine years after surgery; 91.6% of these patients are still alive. In 29.5% of these patients there was postoperative graft visualization, and 90% of the studies were performed because of suspected graft failure. Attrition of the IMA graft was minimal. At zero to 24 months after surgery, 93.4% of grafts were patent. At 60 to 108 months 94.4% were patent and there was little, if any, evidence of atherosclerosis in the IMAs. Precise technique in preparation and anastomosis of the IMA is essential for long-term patency. For bypassing obstructive lesions, we recommend selection of the IMA (if it has sufficient size and flow) for use in the left anterior descending, large diagonal, or marginal vessel in the left coronary artery circulation. PMID- 6974786 TI - Changes in coronary bypass surgery leading to improved survival. AB - Coronary bypass surgery was performed on 439 patients between the years 1969 and 1973 (group A) and on 1,760 patients between the years 1974 and 1979 (group B). The operative mortality for group A was 3.9%; for group B, 1.3%; four-year survival for group A patients was 88.9% +/- 1.5% (mean +/- SE); for group B patients, 92.5% +/- 0.9%. The difference between the relative four-year survival rates (based on age- and sex-matched Oregon population) between group B and A was 6.2%; the lower operative mortality would account for only 2.6%. We conclude that the results of coronary bypass surgery have improved because of (1) a lower operative mortality, and (2) other factors that cannot be precisely defined at the present time but probably are the long-term result of better and more complete operative and perioperative techniques. PMID- 6974783 TI - Single photon emission tomography of the pituitary: preliminary communication. AB - A specific application of single photon emission tomography to the relative quantitation of the pituitary region is described together with the results obtained in 19 patients with pituitary adenoma proven by air encephalography. These are compared with those obtained by X-ray computer tomography and conventional brain imaging and a superiority of single photon emission tomography is demonstrated in this small series. PMID- 6974789 TI - [Prospects in the studies of beta-lactamase inhibitors and beta-lactamase resistant agents]. PMID- 6974790 TI - [Antibiotics for bacterial beta-lactamase]. PMID- 6974791 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic observation of the human eccrine glands (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974792 TI - [Quantitative changes in human dermal elastic fibers with age and chronic sun damage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974788 TI - [General pharmacological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, miokamycin (MOM). 1. Effects on the central nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - Behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) effects on a new macrolide antibiotic miokamycin (MOM), 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin, were investigated in mice, rats and rabbits after oral administration. MOM caused a decrease in the spontaneous motor activity, a slight increase in the effect of megibal seizure at a dose of 1,000 mg (Potency)/kg, and an increase in the number of deaths on the maximal electroshock seizure after administration of doses more than 100 mg (Potency)/kg. Even at a dose of 1,000 mg (Potency)/kg, however, MOM showed no effects on general behavior, rectal temperature, traction test, inclined screen test, rotarod performance, thiopental-induced sleep, pentetrazol seizure, fighting behavior induced by electric stimulation and conditioned avoidance response. EEG effects in unanesthetized rabbits with permanent electrode implants were studied. MOM showed no effects on spontaneous EEG, arousal response to mesencephalic reticular stimulation, photic driving response, evoked cortical response by ventralis posterolateralis stimulation and afterdischarge elicited by hippocampal stimulation at a dose of 1,000 mg (Potency)/kg. Consequently, it can be concluded that MOM has no specific pharmacological effects on the central nervous system. Behavior effects of MOM metabolisms, Mb-1, Mb-2, Mb-6 an Mb-12, were almost the same as those of MOM in the mode of action. PMID- 6974793 TI - [Detection of circulating immune complexes in some skin diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974794 TI - [Effect of anticoagulant therapy on the patency of aorto-coronary bypass graft (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974795 TI - [Aortocoronary saphenous vein graft --early postoperative angiographic evaluation and surgical modifications (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974797 TI - [On the mechanism of senescence and tuberculosis in the aged. 1. Senescence and immunity]. PMID- 6974796 TI - [Successful aorto-coronary bypass in a 6-year-old boy with coronary aneurysm and myocardial infarction due to Kawasaki disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974798 TI - [Juvenile metrorrhagia by Willebrand Jurgens syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Juvenile bleeding is a symptom frequently observed in a children's gynecologic outpatient clinic. In rare cases this symptom does not represent a disturbance of hormonal regulation systems, but may be due to a coagulopathy. We represent a patient of an age of 12 years, who was admitted with the diagnosis: juvenile metrorrhagia. The final diagnosis: Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome would be established after invasive examinations and a series of blood tests. The presentation of this case suggests to consider coagulopathies as a cause of bleeding in similar cases. The special condition should be tested in cooperation with hematologists. PMID- 6974800 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of postgastrectomy complications]. PMID- 6974799 TI - Pulmonary histiocytosis X in adult patients. AB - Clinical findings and course of the disease are described in 6 patients suffering from pulmonary histiocytosis X. Diagnosis was suspected when a reticulo-nodular pattern was detected by conventional X-ray or by computerized tomography of the lungs. Laboratory tests were non-specifically altered, lung function was impaired. Signs of the disease improved spontaneously in one patient and when cytostatics were given in two of five patients. To judge the course of the disease, repeated controls of lung function parameters -- besides roentgenographic methods -- were of particular value. PMID- 6974801 TI - [Indicators of immunity in nonspecific ulcerative colitis after drainage of the thoracic duct]. PMID- 6974802 TI - [T-lymphocytes of peripheral blood in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6974804 TI - [Kartagener triad]. PMID- 6974803 TI - [Effect of antirheumatic preparations on myocardial contractile function]. PMID- 6974805 TI - [T-and B-lymphocytes in adaptation to high altitude]. PMID- 6974806 TI - [Significance of vestibular trophic function in the mechanism of the vestibulo autonomic manifestations of motion sickness]. PMID- 6974807 TI - [Determination of local anesthetic activity on nerve trunks]. PMID- 6974808 TI - Phenotypic heterogeneity and cellular origins of T cell malignancies. PMID- 6974809 TI - Lack of effect of colony-stimulating activity on human myeloid leukemia cell line (ML-2) cells. PMID- 6974810 TI - Immunological studies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.-I. Elucidation of subset heterogeneity. PMID- 6974812 TI - Polytomography in Meniere's disease: an update. AB - In a previous article the use of polytomography of the vestibular aqueduct in Meniere's disease was described. The value of this procedure in the prognosis of surgery was evaluated by contrast of results with a non-radiographically examined population. Since then five more years of experience has been gained through routine radiographic examination of all patients with Meniere's disease. Within the above epoch, several efforts have been made to effectively separate patients into categories based on therapeutic expectations and prognostic stratifications. In addition X-ray studies, glycerol tests, hearing levels, frequency of vertigo and other clinical features have been suggested as offering suitable data for prognostic stratification. This upper updates the radiologic data previously presented, and reviews the efforts to date to accomplish significant prognostic stratification. Several clinical aspects of patients with Meniere's disease which may affect its severity are outlined. PMID- 6974811 TI - The metabolic basis for the lens growth inhibiting effect of hypophysectomy. I. The blood. PMID- 6974813 TI - [Education of rheumatic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974814 TI - [Lymphocyte functional groups and the effectiveness of radiation treatment in osteogenic sarcoma of the extremities]. PMID- 6974815 TI - [Improved lung tumor visualization by computerized subtraction scintigraphy using 67Ga citrate and 113mIn chloride]. PMID- 6974816 TI - [Pulmonary ventilation study of children, using computerized gamma scintigraphy]. PMID- 6974817 TI - [Radionuclide and x-ray differential diagnosis of renal parenchymal cancer from nontumor diseases]. PMID- 6974820 TI - T and B lymphocytes: two different cell populations for the "first defence barrier" at cutaneous and mucosal levels? AB - Data on lymphocyte biology indicate that the humoral system of B-cells is specifically active with precise analogies at all mucosal levels. Might there be a corresponding function for T-lymphocytes at the cutaneous structure level? Certain physiological findings appear to suggest that the two main lymphocyte populations share the role of "first defence barrier". PMID- 6974818 TI - [Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin level in copper miners]. AB - The level of alpha 1-antitrypsin in blood serum in copper miners was examined. Among 278 subjects not a single case of total insufficiency was found, whereas the partial insufficiency of this inhibitor was found in 4.3% of subjects. The studies of the total correlation indicated high indices of the ratio between alpha 1-antitrypsin level and lungs vital capacity in those with bronchitis, which would suggest that the decreased efficiency of the respiratory tract results form the hereditary insufficiency of this inhibitor. PMID- 6974821 TI - [Use of DDAVP in the treatment of a child with hemophilia]. PMID- 6974819 TI - Induction of bone resorption by parathyroid hormone in congenital malignant osteopetrosis. AB - A male patient, afflicted with malignant congenital osteopetrosis, was studied over a 5 year period. Hypocalcemia (less than 8 mg/dl) with lack of an appropriate increase in serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) prevailed at all times. Under a calcium restricted diet, a 6-hour infusion of parathyroid extract normalized serum calcium, and increased the urinary hydroxyproline excretion suggesting that bone resorption had been induced. A second attempt to induce resorption was made by infusing a synthetic amino terminal fragment of bovine PTH over a period of 3 weeks at the dose of 1.5 units/kg/hr. This infusion evoked an increase in serum calcium (8.1 to 10.5 mg/dl), urinary calcium (0.03 to 0.65 mg/g creatinine) and urinary hydroxyproline (160 to 372 mg/g creatinine); and urinary hydroxyproline (160 to 372 mg/g creatinine); increases which were reversed by calcitonin administration. Iliac crest bone biopsies were obtained before and on the last day of the 3-week infusion. Quantitative comparison of the two specimens showed that, during PTH infusion, there was a 23% decrease in bone volume due to the increase in marrow space, a 93% increase in the number of osteoclasts and 136% increment in the osteoclastic resorption surface. Electron microscopic examination of the osteoclasts in the first tissue sample showed no evidence of ruffled borders, while in the second biopsy, numerous cytoplasmic processes indicative of resorptive activity were visible at the matrix-cell interface. It is proposed that, in our patient, the osteopetrotic phenotype is the consequence of an abnormality in the interaction between PTH and osteoclasts that may be related to the synthesis of a physiologically "defective" PTH. PMID- 6974822 TI - Asymptomatic coronary artery disease. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. PMID- 6974824 TI - Report from the Committee on Maternal Welfare. Total exsanguination. PMID- 6974823 TI - Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis. AB - A multivariate statistical analysis of levels of serum acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR Ab) obtained from 197 patients with various clinical forms of myasthenia gravis (MG) was performed. Elevated AChR Ab levels are specific for MG, but normal AChR Ab levels do not rule out MG. Patients in remission or with purely ocular MG had the lowest incidence of elevation of serum AChR Ab levels, while patients with generalized, severe MG, particularly in the presence of thymoma, tended to have the greatest antibody elevations. Corticosteroids depressed AChR Ab levels, but thymectomy did not exert a consistent effect on antibody levels within a 24- to 30-month postoperative period. The relatively low 55% positivity of antibody elevations in all 197 patients probably reflects the use of heterologous (rat) AChR. PMID- 6974827 TI - SB: a new HLA-linked human histocompatibility gene defined using HLA-mutant cell lines. PMID- 6974825 TI - A family of T-cell alloantigens linked to Igh-1. PMID- 6974828 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of tumors of the cerebellopontile angle. A beached ship, a beacon in the sea]. PMID- 6974826 TI - Family studies define a new histocompatibility locus, SB, between HLA-DR and GLO. PMID- 6974829 TI - [Surgical vulnerability and functional reversibility of the acoustic nerve (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974830 TI - Sleep patterns in the "new variant" phenylketonuria. PMID- 6974831 TI - [Therapy of acute hemorrhagic gastritis and stress ulcer]. PMID- 6974833 TI - [Significance of SP1 beta-1-glycoprotein in pregnancies complicated by diabetic pathology]. PMID- 6974834 TI - [Significance of SP1 beta-1-glycoprotein in threatened abortion]. PMID- 6974832 TI - [Lesions of the colon secondary to pancreatitis]. AB - Pathological involvement of the colon secondary to acute and chronic pancreatitis is a rare complication of major clinical interest. Contiguity with the tail of the pancreas and certain anatomical relationships, particularly at the level of the peritoneal reflections, explain the involvement of, particularly, the left corner of the colon and the adjacent part of the transverse colon. The clinical forms may be listed as follows: 1) Adynamic ileus of the transverse colon associated, on direct radiological examination, with the picture of proximal colon distension with clear-cut interruption at the level of the transverse colon or left flexure. 2) Stenosis of the left flexure due to pericolitis and to the fibrosclerosing process that may take in other contiguous organs also. 3) Fistula of the left flexure or of the adjacent part of the transverse colon due to parietal necrosis and vascular impairment. Also described is an association of fistula and massive haemorrhage for erosion of the colon and of the splenic artery by pancreatic pseudocyst. Two clinical cases are presented along with the basic elements of pathology, diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 6974835 TI - [Renal tubular acidosis with idiopathic hypergammaglobulinemia. Immunopathological study of a case]. PMID- 6974836 TI - Vestibular efferent neurons and catecholamine cell groups in the reticular formation of the pigeon. AB - This study was designed to investigate the relationship between vestibular efferent neurons and catecholamine cell groups within the reticular formation of the pigeon. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the endolymphatic space of one labyrinth. The brain was perfused with glyoxylic acid and serial sections were examined with a fluorescence microscope. After documentation of the location of fluorescent cells the sections were reacted for HRP with tetramethylbenzidine. Fluorescent cells were noted intermingled among the HRP labeled vestibular efferent neurons in the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. No neurons were both fluorescent and HRP-positive. Fluorescent cells were also noted bilaterally in locus ceruleus, raphe nucleus, and in close proximity to the abducent, facial, hypoglossal and ambiguus nuclei. PMID- 6974837 TI - Anatomical demonstration of the involvement of the substantia nigra in contraversive circling elicited by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in the cat: a retrograde transport study using horseradish peroxidase subsequent to an electrolytic lesion. AB - A method is described for the anatomical identification of groups of neurones likely involved in the elaboration of component acts of a centrally elicited behaviour, when involvement of fibres of passage is suspected. The contraversive circling which accompanied the predatory attack of a cat upon a rat elicited electrical stimulation within the hypothalamic and ventral midbrain trajectory of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) was used as a model because of the established role played by the nigrostriatal dopamine system in the production of the circling. Following horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections, made after electrolytic lesion at such MFB sites, substantial numbers of labelled cells were found in the substantia nigra, pars compacta (SNC). In contrast, many fewer SNC neurones were labelled following:(1) HRP injections made after electrolytic lesion at MFB sites at which the elicited predatory behaviour was not accompanied by contraversive circling; and (2) HRP injections made without a prior lesion at MFB sites at which the elicited predatory behaviour was accompanied by contraversive circling. PMID- 6974838 TI - Localization of cholecystokinin immunoreactivity in amacrine cells of the retina. AB - The distribution of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity within frog retina was studied by immunofluorescence. Positive staining for cholecystokinin was observed in the somata of some amacrine cells and their processes within the inner plexiform layer. Chromatography of frog retinal extracts on Sephadex G-50 and parallel dilution curves show that the retinal cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity was also found to be associated with human and bovine retinas but absent from other ocular tissue. PMID- 6974839 TI - Colour vision defects-2: Detection and diagnosis. PMID- 6974840 TI - [Role of ontogenetically different thymocytes in subpopulations of T-cells in releasing a humoral lymphocytic factor]. AB - The activated mouse T-cells release in the culture medium a factor suppressing the ability of stem hemopoietic cells to form hemopoietic colonies in the spleens of lethally irradiated recipients. The factor of stem cell inhibition (FISC) obtained from the mouse thymocytes on the 1st, 7th and 10th day of postnatal life does not differ, by its inhibiting activity, from that obtained from the adult thymocytes, whereas the embryonic thymocytes under similar experimental conditions released FISC with a low inhibiting activity. A study of some physical chemical and biological properties of FISC has shown that the latter is actively synthesized both by cortical and medullary thymocytes, has no (linear) specificity and resembles, by its characteristics, lymphokins of a wide effect, such as MIF and LT, rather than short-distant mediators, such as suppressor and helper factors. PMID- 6974841 TI - An experimental attempt at analysis of predisposing factors for acute death from endogenous causes. Separation and culture of lymphocytes from human cadaver thymus. PMID- 6974842 TI - [Vestibular side effects of contraceptives]. PMID- 6974844 TI - Nonspecific alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity of T-lymphocytes: study in healthy newborns and children, in immune deficiencies and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the E rosette-forming cells and nonspecific alpha naphthyl esterase (ANAE)-positive lymphocyte values in normal and pathologic situations. In newborns, the ANAE-positive lymphocytes represented less than 60% of the E rosette population. During the first year of life, E rosette-forming cells (E-RFC) reached normal values as soon as one month whereas only three-fourths of the T cells exhibited an ANAE-positive staining. In adult T cell populations, nearly 90% were ANAE-positive. Our observations of immune deficiencies suggested that the relative proportions of E-RFC and ANAE-positive lymphocytes were generally comparable to normal values. However, in the majority of the patients with very low or absent E-RFC (severe combined immune deficiencies, Di George syndrome, and congenital rubella), some ANAE-positive lymphocytes could be detected. Our immunologic survey shows that the ANAE positive lymphocytes were in a normal range 2 years after a bone marrow transplantation in severe combined immune deficiencies patients. One child who exhibited a normal amount of E-RFC and whose lymphocytes failed to respond in vitro to mitogens had practically no ANAE-positive lymphocytes. An elevated amount of ANAE-positive cells in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis may reflect an augmentation of the T helper functions which permanently stimulated in vivo immunoglobulin production. PMID- 6974845 TI - [Health profile of children and adolescents from regions with different levels of atmospheric pollution based on cross sectional studies]. PMID- 6974843 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage (caused by rupture of esophageal varices) and myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6974846 TI - [The incidence of some possible factors of early sensitization in children with allergic asthma (clinico-anamnestic findings)]. PMID- 6974847 TI - [Data on the immunological profile of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated by immunotherapy]. PMID- 6974848 TI - [Clinical stages of histiocytosis X in children]. PMID- 6974850 TI - [Risk analysis of the treatment of solid tumors with high dosage methotrexate: apropos of 154 cases]. PMID- 6974849 TI - [Morphological and cytochemical characteristics of peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils in children with generalized forms of histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6974851 TI - [Irreducible ascites in cirrhotic patients. Results of peritoneo-jugular shunt in 16 patients (author's transl)]. AB - Peritoneo-jugular shunt with Le Veen's valve was performed in 16 cirrhotic patients with intractable ascites. The immediate effects were remarkable, with only one early death. In the long term, however, the results progressively deteriorated. Relapses occurred frequently (60%) and sometimes repeatedly, and were due to obstruction of the shunt, which had to be replaced, or in some cases to insufficient flow rate. Numerous complications were observed including, in particular, infections and digestive haemorrhages. Consumption coagulopathy was detected by laboratory tests in 5 cases, but did not produce bleeding. After 8 to 25 months, 31% of the patients are still alive. PMID- 6974853 TI - [Karyotype of lymphoid lines in 8 cases of chronic B lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 6974854 TI - [Vitamin D metabolites in a new case of drug-induced hypercalcemia (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a new case of severe hypercalcaemia induced by prolonged oral treatment with high doses of vitamin D2. (6 mg/day for 9 months). Blood calcium level did not return to normal until 6 months after the drug was discontinued. The plasma concentration of 25 (OH) D was more than three times the normal value and remained very high throughout the observation period. The plasma concentration of 24, 25 (OH)2 D was slightly raised during treatment but became normal after 15 days, while that of 1,25 (OH)2 D, the active form of vitamin D, remained normal throughout, suggesting that the pathogenesis of vitamin D-induced hypercalcaemia is probably complex. PMID- 6974855 TI - [Research on hirsutism. Apropos of a case of partial 21-hydroxylase deficiency]. PMID- 6974856 TI - [Treatment of congenital nystagmus with 5-hydroxytryptophan]. PMID- 6974857 TI - [Congenital deficiency of platelet alpha-granules and medullary reticulinic fibrosis. Physiopathogenic hypothesis (author's transl)]. AB - Hematological investigations of two propositus from a family with congenital thrombopathia characterised by a moderate thrombopenia and a specific platelet alpha granule deficiency revealed that the thrombopathia was associated with a constitutive reticulinic myelofibrosis, without any sign of evolutivity. This association led us to present an hypothesis to explain the genesis of this myelofibrosis. This hypothesis is based on the potential role of a mitogenic factor(s) synthetized in megakaryocytes and transported normally by platelets in alpha granules, to induce fibroblastic proliferation and increased synthesis of collagen type III by bone marrow. This myelofibrosis is similar to that found in most of myeloproliferative disorders at some step of evolutivity. In these diseases myelofibrosis is associated with qualitative and quantitative abnormalities of platelets and megakaryocytes. These abnormalities give elements to sustain our hypothesis. PMID- 6974852 TI - [Evolutive aspects of Sharp's mixed connective tissue disease. 23 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Among 23 patients with Sharp's disease, 14 initially had only polyarthritis, Raynaud's syndrome and anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies. During a mean 5.6 years (range: 1-7 years) follow-up these 14 patients, 2 cases of pericarditis, 1 case of trigeminal neuralgia, 2 cases of nephropathy and 1 case of pulmonary arterial hypertension were observed. The 9 remaining patients had symptoms of multiple collagen disease. They were followed up for a mean of 4.3 years (range: 3-7 years) and 3 developed pericarditis. We discuss the prognostic significance of anti-DNA antibodies (7 cases) and low serum complement (3 cases) which, when combined, seem to be associated with severe visceral lesions. PMID- 6974861 TI - The Weaver index and register. PMID- 6974859 TI - The clonal culture in vitro of multipotential hemopoietic cells: problems and interpretations. AB - The ability to clone mixed hemopoietic colonies in vitro new permits hemopoietic populations to be more effectively assayed for multipotential precursor cells but it is unclear whether all CFU-S are detectable by the culture systems in current use. From the available data, some caution should be used in assuming that the in vitro culture systems give a direct estimate of the repopulating capacity of the population. Although the factors stimulating mixed colony formation have not been purified, it is now possible to analyze the early cellular events during commitment to specific hemopoietic lineages. PMID- 6974858 TI - Normal human granulomonocytic bone marrow progenitor cells. Frequency and density distribution. PMID- 6974860 TI - [Statistical analysis of tuberculosis among rural population in the Szczecin Voivodship in 1969 and subsequent follow-up]. PMID- 6974862 TI - [Effect of steroid hormones on DNA matrix activity and glucocorticoid-receptor interaction]. AB - The effect of 22 steroids on the matrix DNA activity was studied on thymocyte suspension of adrenalectomized Wistar male rats (80 to 100 g body weight) by means of 3H-uridine incorporation into acid-undissolved RNA fraction and 3H triamcinolone acetonide-receptor interaction in thymocyte cytosol. Inhibiting effect of natural hormones on the labelled uridine incorporation into thymocyte RNA decreased as follows: dehydrocortisone greater than progesterone greater than pregnanediol greater than aldosterone greater than pregnenolone greater than 11 DOC greater than cortexolone greater than methyltestosterone greater than cortisone greater than 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone greater than androsterone greater than estradiol greater than aldactone greater than testosterone greater than pregnanetriol. All the steroids exerted an additive action on the glucocorticoid effect, with the exception of cortexolone, possessing antiglucocorticoid effect, and 11-DOC which did not influence dexamethasone glucocorticoid action. Almost all the steroids inhibiting 3H-uridine incorporation into RNA, competed actively with triamcinolone acetonide, concerning thymocyte cytosol binding with glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 6974863 TI - [Various indicators of cellular immunity in obesity. Effect of low-calorie diet]. AB - The influence of obesity and a decrease of the body weight in the patients, treated with low-caloric diet, on several indices of cellular immunity has been studied. Absolute and relative T- and B-lymphocyte content, monocyte lysosome content and granulocyte phagocytic activity were examined in the peripheral blood of 27 obese patients and 30 normal subjects. Reversible inhibition of cellular immunity was revealed in the obese patients. The body weight lowering, which resulted from the treatment of obese patients with a low-caloric diet, promoted returning their immunity to normal. PMID- 6974864 TI - [State of the trachea and bronchi in children and adolescents with metatuberculous pneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis]. PMID- 6974865 TI - [Interpretation of the Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L in tuberculin reactions in children and adolescents and the method of determining tuberculosis infectivity]. PMID- 6974866 TI - Inhibition of specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity by monoclonal antibodies to human T cell antigens. AB - Human T lymphocyte subpopulations recently have been defined by monoclonal antibodies that recognize cell-surface antigens selectively expressed on functionally distinct T cell subsets. The majority (approximately 90%) of the peripheral blood sheep erythrocyte-rosette-forming cells carry the OKT3 antigen. Helper cells are OKT4(+), whereas cytotoxic/suppressor cells are OKT5(+) and OKT8(+). We investigated the effect of several monoclonal antibodies recognizing T cell antigens on certain proliferative responses of T cells and on the effector phase of the specific T cell-mediated cytotoxicity generated in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). In the absence of added complement, (i) OKT3 and OKT4 monoclonal antibodies inhibited the proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), (ii) OKT3 monoclonal antibody inhibited the proliferative response to allogeneic cells in MLC, and (iii) OKT3 monoclonal antibody significantly and regularly inhibited the effector phase of the specific T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic targets (P < 0.001) in a concentration-dependent manner. The OKT5 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies, again in the absence of complement, inhibited moderately the specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This inhibition was observed in some experiments only. Inhibition of the specific cytotoxicity by these antibodies also was observed in secondary responses. In contrast, again in the absence of added complement, none of these antibodies had an effect on the nonspecific cytotoxicity generated in MLC against the K562 targets. The OKT4 antibody in the absence of added complement had no effect on either the specific or nonspecific cytotoxicity. Furthermore, treatment with OKT3 or OKT8 antibody and complement completely abrogated the specific T cell-mediated cytotoxicity but had no effect on the natural killer-like cytotoxicity against the K562 cells. Treatment with the OKT4 antibody and complement had no effect. These results suggest that (i) the T5/T8 and T3 antigens, present on cytotoxic T lymphocytes, may be involved directly or indirectly in the antigen recognition step(s) or the lytic mechanism of T cell-mediated lympholysis; and (ii) nonspecific cytotoxicity against the K562 targets generated in MLC is mediated by cells phenotypically different than those that mediate specific cytotoxicity. PMID- 6974869 TI - Postsynaptic action by four antidepressive drugs in an animal model of depression. AB - To further test the new hypersensitive postsynaptic serotonin (5-HT) receptor theory of depression bases on or animal model, it was necessary to demonstrate that some of the currently used antidepressive drugs can block D,L-5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) induced depression acting through postsynaptic rather than presynaptic mechanisms. Rats working for milk reinforcement and exhibiting behavioral depression following administration of 5-HTP (IP) were pretreated (1 hour before the 5-HTP injection) with fluoxetine (5 mg/kg IP) or methysergide (5 mg/kg IP) to establish a behavioral basis for distinguishing between pre- and postsynaptic events, respectively. Fluoxetine, a known specific uptake blocker of 5-HT, potentiated the depressive effect of 12.5 mg/kg 5-HTP by 200%. Methysergide, a postsynaptic blocker of 5-HT, almost completely (93%) abolished the depressive effect of 50 mg/kg 5-HTP. Since acute pretreatment with comparable clinical doses of the antidepressive drugs, mianserin, amitriptyline, imipramine, or iprindole, resulted in blockade of the 5-HTP induced depression by 70, 50, 40, and 20% respectively, these drugs can act as antagonists of 5-HT at the postsynaptic serotonin receptor. When these results are viewed in terms of recent data reported from CNS binding studies, the therapeutic effects of some antidepressants may be explained by their postsynaptic rather than presynaptic effects at central serotonergic receptors. PMID- 6974868 TI - Human B-cell alloantigens DC1, MT1, and LB12 are identical to each other but distinct from the HLA-DR antigen. AB - Some human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines are shown to express at least two types of Ia-like antigens. One antigen is defined by alloantisera to HLA-DR, and the other antigen is defined by alloantisera and a monoclonal antibody to the specificities DC1, MT1 (MB1), and LB12, which are in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR. The subunits of the DC1 molecule differ from those of the DR molecule. The light chains of both molecules are structurally polymorphic. PMID- 6974867 TI - T cells may express multiple activities: specific allohelp, cytolysis, and delayed-type hypersensitivity are expressed by a cloned T-cell line. AB - A T-cell line that recognizes private specificities encoded in the H-2 IA subregion in the proliferative response, cytotoxic activity, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and allohelp reaction with B cells has been cloned. The individual clones were assayed for ability to express the activities of the parent line. Results show that the cloned sublines tested are able to perform all the activities of the parent line. It is suggested that T cells may express multiple activities and that the apparent monofunctionality of T cells is due to regulation of these activities. PMID- 6974870 TI - Identification of a novel class of central reward sites showing a delayed and cumulative response to opiate blockade. AB - Heretofore it has been assumed that the brain's reward system shows a response to opiate receptor blockade that is (a) immediate in nature and (b) close to asymptote after the initial dose. On theoretical grounds a graded and gradual response to blockade might also be predicted. To test this, rats were implanted with subcortical electrodes for self-stimulation and trained to panel-press for contingent intracranial reinforcement. Chronic blockade of the opiate system was produced by repeated injections of naltrexone HCl. A small percentage of self stimulation sites proved refractory to opiate blockade both acutely and chronically. Also, some sites showed an immediate decrease in response level, as previously reported. As was predicted, a number of sites originally showing no response alteration showed a graded response decrease over a 4-day test period. These findings indicate the existence of a novel class of opiate sensitive reward sites and suggest (a) some apparently insensitive sites may become sensitive to opiate blockade under appropriate testing circumstances and (b) opioid neuropeptides may control certain tonic as well as more immediate aspects of motivation. PMID- 6974871 TI - [Respiratory symptoms, functional tests and alpha 1-antitrypsin investigations in random sample of urban population (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974873 TI - The effect of coronary artery bypass on collateral circulation. AB - The effect of coronary bypass upon collateral circulation (CC) was studied in 69 bypassed coronary arteries in which CC was seen on either the preoperative or postoperative angiogram or both. CC proved to be a highly reliable indicator of bypass effectiveness. Persistence or new development of CC on postoperative angiograms invariably indicated complete bypass obstruction or inadequate revascularization. Disappearance of preexisting CC on postoperative angiograms almost always indicated bypass patency. Occlusion of a bypass does not appear to jeopardize preexisting CC or prevent new CC from developing in most cases. PMID- 6974872 TI - Varying levels of marijuana use by adolescents and the amotivational syndrome. PMID- 6974874 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of incidence and significance of post traumatic hydrocephalus. AB - Two hundred consecutive patients with severe head injury underwent sequential computed tomography (CT) on admission, after 4, 14, and 90 days, and after one year. Ventricular enlargement was evaluated in the surviving patients, based upon serial CT examinations. Significant ventricular enlargement was further evaluated with radionuclide cisternography. A significant correlation was shown between clinical outcome and presence or absence of ventricular enlargement. Radionuclide cisternography provided an additional means of determining those patients whose recovery was impaired by persistent obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation and who would therefore benefit from cerebrospinal fluid shunting. PMID- 6974875 TI - Measurement of liver and spleen volume by computed tomography. Assessment of reproducibility and changes found following a selective distal splenorenal shunt. AB - Liver and spleen size were measured in 11 normal subjects and 12 patients with cirrhosis. Volume was calculated by adding together the area measurements obtained from successive transverse abdominal scans. The normal mean volume of the liver (+/- S.D.) was 1,493 +/- 230 cm3 and that of the spleen was 219 +/- 76 cm3; interobserver variability was 4-8% and the day-to-day coefficient of variation was 6-10%. In cirrhotic patients studied prior to and 7-10 days after a distal splenorenal shunt, the mean liver volume fell from 1,642 to 1,529 cm3 (p less than 0.06) and the mean spleen volume from 660 to 507 cm3 (p less than 0.006), supporting the use of such a shunt in selective decompression of varices and maintenance of portal hypertension. This is a clinically useful method of measuring organ volume with the required sensitivity. PMID- 6974876 TI - [Electronics design for hybrid emission computed tomography "HEADTOME" (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974877 TI - [Clinical significance of RCT in liver diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Radionuclide Computed Tomography (RCT) was performed in 40 cases with various liver diseases. Indication of RCT was determined by the fact that usual liver scintigrams showed or suspected space-occupying lesion. In diffuse hepatocellular disease, RCT added diagnostic informations in 10 out of 17 cases. In these patients, RCT referred decreased uptake area to morphological change such as prominent porta hepatis, widening of both lobes or lateral seg. and medial seg, of the left lobe, and so on. In cases with liver tumor, RCT demonstrated the liver by axial plane, so one could easily or precisely diagnose the location of the mass. RCT performance requires only 30 min, additionally, and no additional injection. We conclude RCT should be performed to the patients whose liver scintigrams show or suspect space-occupying lesion. PMID- 6974879 TI - [Upper digestive panendoscopy in children]. PMID- 6974878 TI - [Serum pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) levels determined by radioimmunoassay--serum SP1 levels in patients with malignancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974880 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the colon. Treatment by controlled right hemicolectomy]. PMID- 6974881 TI - [Preventive medicine in hiatal hernia]. PMID- 6974882 TI - [Selective distal spleno-adrenal bypass. Unusual selective shunt option in hemorrhage caused by esophageal varices. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6974883 TI - [Current views on surgery of Vater's papilla]. PMID- 6974885 TI - [The rheumatic patient - an equal member of his rehabilitation team]. PMID- 6974884 TI - Subsensitivity of serotonin receptors after long-term treatment of rats with fluoxetine. AB - Binding of [3H]-serotonin ([3H]5-hydroxytryptamine, [3H]5HT) to high and low affinity sites in brain membranes from frontal cortex was compared in rats fed control chow or fluoxetine (0.01%) containing chow. A reduction in the number of high affinity binding sites and in the affinity of the low affinity binding sites was observed after 2, 4 or 6 weeks. Reduction in the number of [3H]5HT binding sites was also observed in cerebral cortex of rats given fluoxetine by daily intraperitoneal injection for 4 or 6 weeks. Thus, long-term treatment with a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake, fluoxetine, caused subsensitivity of 5HT receptors in frontal cortex and cerebral cortex of rat brain. PMID- 6974886 TI - A Clq solid phase microenzymatic assay for the detection of soluble immune complexes. AB - The solid phase Cl1-binding assay has been adapted to an enzymatic micromethod in which alkaline phosphatase labeled soluble Staphylococcus aureus protein A is used in place of the second antibody. The assay, which is run in microtiter plates, provides a rapid, sensitive (0.030 mg/ml of human heat-aggregated IgG detected) and reproducible method for the measurement of soluble immune complexes in a large number of samples. Soluble immune complexes prepared in vitro with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti-BSA antibodies on a wide range of antigen to antibody ratios were all detected with this method. When applied to the screening of unselected patient sera, soluble immune complexes were frequently found in systemic lupus erythematosus (52%) and chronic active hepatitis (57%) and in lower percentages in patients with malignant melanoma (28%), rheumatoid arthritis (30%) and essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (17%). PMID- 6974887 TI - An attempt to obtain a specific antiserum for in vitro immunological conditioning of bone marrow in acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - An antiserum was produced in rabbits to acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) antigens. Partial absorption of the antiserum allowed the removal of the cytotoxic activity against normal mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and bone marrow, in contrast to blast cells from acute and chronic leukemias, which were killed by the antiserum in a standard NIH cytotoxicity test. These observations suggest that antigens present on blast cells of AUL are also expressed on some acute and chronic leukemic cells and that these antigens could be interpreted as B or leukemia-associated antigens because of the disappearance of all cytotoxic activity of the immune serum after extensive absorption with B cells from chronic lymphoid leukemia. PMID- 6974889 TI - Etiological, social and therapeutical aspects of osteoarthrosis and soft-tissue rheumatism in a Finnish health centre material. AB - A study of 690 osteoarthrosis (OA) patients with corresponding controls, and 475 soft-tissue rheumatism (STR) patients with the same number of controls was made in Finnish health centres. The aim of the study was to clarify certain etiological, social and therapeutical aspects. No clear differences were found in the working conditions of patients with OA, STR, or their controls, or in their occupational classes. OA patients were less satisfied with their working conditions than were the other. OA and STR patients had been more actively engaged in sports earlier in life, but during the study there were no differences; nor did the localisation of OA differ. The weight index qas slightly higher in OA, particularly when knee and ankle were affected, but not with arthrosis of the hip. There were no clear associations with other diseases. The maximum duration of a treatment period in this study was 1 month. The average sick leave in OA was 17.8 days, in STR 13.4 and in controls 15.4 days. After treatment, 31% of OA patients, and 56% of STR were recommended to resume work; 4% were recommended to change their occupation; 21% of OA and 7% of STR patients were recommended to retire on pension. Sulindac, indomethacin and many other drug combinations were used for medication. Certain side effects were found in about 5% of sulindac- and in 8-10% of indomethacin-treated patients. In 17% of OA and in 12% of STR patients, it was found necessary to consult a specialist for diagnosis or treatment. PMID- 6974891 TI - A new laser scanning system for measuring action potential propagation in the heart. AB - A rapid laser scanning system was developed to map the spread of excitation in amphibian and mammalian hearts stained with fluorescent dye. Isochronic maps of conduction were constructed by timing the upstroke of the optical action potential; 128 sites could be scanned in 4 milliseconds. The accuracy of this technique was verified by recording simultaneously from 16 unipolar electrodes placed in different areas of the heart. Conducted action potentials in normal frog heart propagated at 0.1 meter per second. Propagation of action potentials was also monitored in ischemic cat heart, in which both driven and arrhythmic action potential upstrokes could be tracked. The results suggest that this system is capable of scanning the normal and abnormal spread of electrical activity in the heart. PMID- 6974890 TI - Significance of C-reactive protein elevation in the pretreatment stage of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The significance of C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the pretreatment stage was assessed with reference to other laboratory data obtained simultaneously. Sixteen of 31 cases were CRP positive, and the CR-positive group contained significantly more cases with urinary cellular casts and with a high anti-DNA antibody titer, compared with the CRP-negative group. We suggest that CRP in patients with SLE, as measured at the time of the first consultation, reflects the severity of the disease. This includes those cases complicated by nephropathy. PMID- 6974888 TI - Antiglobulin-tests for detection of auto-immunohaemolytic anaemia during long term treatment with ibuprofen. AB - Auto-immunohaemolytic anaemia is a very unusual complication during long-term treatment with ibuprofen. In order to detect the haemolytic antibodies involved, serum and erythrocytes from 87 patients were investigated after continuous treatment with an average daily dose of 1337 mg ibuprofen for some 6-47 months. Eight patients showed a weak or medium-positive antiglobulin test result with polyspecific anti-human serum. With monospecific anti-human serum, complement C3c and/or C3d were detected on the surface of 8 patients' erythrocytes, but none had biochemical parameters indicating haemolysis. None of the 87 patients had IgG, IgM or IgA on their erythrocytes. The findings neither indicated haemolysis present nor early stages in any of the four types of drug-induced auto immunohaemolytic anaemia. The frequency of a positive antinuclear factor test (ANF) among patients treated with ibuprofen did not differ from that of healthy subjects in the same age group. The type of haemolysis associated with ibuprofen is discussed, but available data do not permit any definite classification. It is concluded that ibuprofen is a safe drug which rarely causes haemolysis and does not seem to cause induction of ANF. PMID- 6974892 TI - New reports of a human leukemia virus. PMID- 6974893 TI - Infection and chronic rheumatic disease in children. AB - It is clear that various microbial agents can cause acute and chronic rheumatic disease by several mechanisms, that different agents, some perhaps yet unknown, may cause the same disease in different patients, and that genetic factors are important, perhaps crucial, to this host response. In trying to elucidate how microbe-host interactions result in chronic rheumatic disease, interest currently centers on the roles of genetic factors, of bacterial infections including endogenous flora, of cross-reactive microbial and host antigens, and of the immune response to them. As in the past, progress in understanding these complex interactions will probably be incremental and intermittent. PMID- 6974895 TI - Semi-elective portal systemic shunts for variceal bleeding. AB - Between June 1977 and November 1980, we performed portal systemic shunt operations on eight patients for esophageal bleeding secondary to portal venous hypertension. One patient had operation as an emergency and the other seven semi electively during the same hospitalization as admission. The patient operated upon as an emergency was the only hospital death. Life table analysis on this small group of patients indicates that semi-elective portal systemic shunt surgery after hemodynamic stabilization, nutritional support, and improvement of hepatic function is a viable alternative to emergency operation that can be done effectively in a community hospital. PMID- 6974894 TI - The effects of variable age-of-onset and diagnostic criteria on the estimates of linkage: an example using manic-depressive illness and color blindness. AB - Three pedigrees were selected from the literature for their compatibility with the hypothesis of linkage between the X-chromosome marker color blindness and bipolar affective disorder. We compared the results of linkage analyses of these pedigrees when both penetrance function and diagnostic classification were varied. The analyses show that the incorporation of age-of-onset information into a penetrance function significantly increased the evidence for linkage. In addition, assumptions about diagnostic classification affected the lod scores. These results demonstrate the need for careful consideration of diagnostic criteria and variable age-of-onset when pursuing linkage analysis of complex traits. PMID- 6974896 TI - Aortoesophageal fistula. PMID- 6974897 TI - [Clinical immunological studies of disseminated sclerosis]. PMID- 6974898 TI - [Degree of participation of native and denaturized human proteins in the formation of autoimmune reactions in rheumatism and other diseases]. PMID- 6974900 TI - [Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. In vitro behaviour of a clear-cut entity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974901 TI - [Cytochemical characteristics and immunologic markers in acute lymphoblastic leukemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974899 TI - Treatment of chancroid with erythromycin. AB - Chancroid is a sexually transmitted disease that is not often recognized in the United States. It has traditionally been treated with sulfonamides and/or tetracyclines. Recently, 14 active-duty U. S. Army personnel who acquired chancroid in the Far East were seen at the Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Wash. All of the organisms were isolated from clinical material on solid media without the use of a blood-clot tube. Because of dissatisfaction with conventional treatment and the demonstration of in vitro sensitivity of the organism to erythromycin, seven of the last eight patients were treated with erythromycin. All patients treated with erythromycin had rapid and favorable responses and none suffered recurrences. The results of this study led to three conclusions: chancroid is a relatively common disease in the Far East, the causative organism can be isolated by most clinical microbiology laboratories with proper technique, and erythromycin is an effective drug in the treatment of chancroid. PMID- 6974903 TI - Cigarette smoking and oral leukoplakia in healthy males. PMID- 6974904 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine resistant mutants of baby hamster cells. AB - A large number of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (araA) -resistant mutants of baby hamster kidney cells (BHK 21/Cl3) were isolated. These mutants can be grouped into three mechanistically distinct classes. All the mutants showed cross resistance to deoxyadenosine (dAdo). The mechanism of resistance to araA and dAdo in the class I mutants can be attributed to a mutation to adenosine kinase (AK) deficiency. The class II mutants have normal levels of AK, adenosine deaminase, and deoxyadenosine kinase. These mutants also show resistance to 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC), and the mechanism of resistance is probably due to a mutation in the ribonucleotide reductase gene producing an enzyme that has an increased resistance to the inhibition by 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5' triphosphate (araATP) and 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate (dATP). The class III mutants, unlike those of classes I and II, show extreme adenosine (Ado) sensitivity. The Ados/araAr/dAdor phenotypic properties can be attributed to a single mutation. Classes II and III are novel araA-resistant mutants. PMID- 6974902 TI - [Acute lymphocytic leukaemia with erythrophagocytic activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974905 TI - Electrical pacing for short bowel syndrome. AB - In five dogs, the abroad two-thirds of the small intestine were removed, and a jejunocolostomy was performed to create the short bowel syndrome. Electrodes were affixed to the remaining proximal part of the small intestine for recording and to the distal part of the small intestine for stimulating. A comparison was made between 15 day periods in which feedings were followed by either four hours of retrograde electrical pacing or no pacing. Daily weight loss was less during the periods of pacing in each dog than during the periods of no pacing. Retrograde electrical pacing of the small intestine decreased weight loss in dogs with the short bowel syndrome. PMID- 6974906 TI - [Complex treatment of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6974909 TI - [Current problems of treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6974907 TI - [Relation between various indicators of humoral and cellular immunity and clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6974908 TI - [Comparative efficacy of prednisolone and modern nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents (voltaren and indomethacin) in the therapy of acute rheumatism]. PMID- 6974910 TI - [Use of clinico-immunological indices for the evaluation of the efficacy of the basic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6974913 TI - [Immunology and joint disease (author's transl)]. AB - The present view is concerned with a number of joint diseases occurring in man and pets, the pathogenesis of which is (partly) immunological. This review is preceded by the discussion of a relevant part of immunology. The diagnostic laboratory procedures dealt with in the paper consist in diagnostic routine tests performed in (medical) clinico-immunological laboratories. With a few exceptions, it appears to be possible to establish a diagnosis of similar diseases in animals using comparable methods. A reliable diagnosis of these joint diseases in pets is not only of importance from the point of view of comparative nosology, but may also revive interest in the animal as a model of these forms of disease. Finally, human so-called seronegative spondylo-arthropathy associated with the presence of particular tissue antigen, is briefly discussed. Similar associations in pets such as dogs should also be studied. PMID- 6974911 TI - [Vestibular-like reactions associated with minocycline (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974912 TI - Histidine-rich glycoprotein in a normal and a clinical population. PMID- 6974914 TI - Effects of cholesterol side chain cleavage inhibitors on 11 beta-hydroxylation: linkage of mitochondrial oxygenase systems. AB - Potent inhibitors of cholesterol side chain cleavage were tested for inhibition of 11 beta-hydroxylation of 11-deoxycortisol by bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria. Compounds which inhibited 11 beta-hydroxylation were metyrapone, 4 phenylimidazole, 1-benzylimidazole, 17 beta-ureido - 1, 4- androstadien-3-one. SU 8000, 4-methylaminoglutethimide, and 20 alpha-hydroxycholestrol. Compounds which did not inhibit 11 beta-hydroxylation at concentrations of 0.5 mM were d aminoglutethimide tartrate, 1-aminoglutethimide tartrate, N methylaminoglutethimide, 16 alpha-methylpregnenolone, 16 beta-methylpregnenolone, 20-tolylpregnenediol, 16 alpha-chloropregnenolone-3-acetate, 16 alpha benzyloxpregnenolone-3-acetate and cyanoketone. The results obtained indicate that aminoglutethimide and its congeners, the 16-halogenated and 16-benzoylated derivatives of pregnenolone and cyanoketone are specific inhibitors of cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme. The two mitochondrial steroid oxyganase systems are linked through their competition for a single electron source. PMID- 6974915 TI - Impaired T-cell mitogen responses in some patients with thalassemia intermedia. AB - Ten thalassemia intermedia patients were tested for their mitogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin P (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Impaired responses to PHA and Con A were observed in patients with serum-iron levels higher than 200 microgram/dl. Responses within or slightly higher than those in the normal range were observed in patients with serum-iron lower than 200 microgram/dl. By contrast, no significant changes occurred in the majority of the responses to PWM. PMID- 6974918 TI - [Fluorescence anisotropy and myelin structure. IV. An analysis of the effect of temperature changes on the membrane structure]. AB - The temperature dependence of birefringence and fluorescent polarization of stained nerve fibers has been studied. Theoretical aspects of the determination of the orientation of chromophores from polarized emission experiments are aslo considered. The experiments with changing temperature permits a conclusion that the organization of polar groups of the membrane becomes random with the decline of temperature from 20 degrees to 0 degree C, while the order of organization of hydrophobic groups increases. PMID- 6974917 TI - [Vacuolization of muscle fiber exposed to colchicine, cytochalasin B and agents altering cell metabolism]. AB - The vacuolation of transverse tubules during the washing out of glycerol was examined under the light microscope in muscle fibers from the m. iliofibularis of Rana temporaria. The appearance of vacuoles was found to be unaffected by colchicine (2 x 10(-5)--1 x 10(-3) M), cytochalasin B (10 mkg/ml), ATP (5 x 10( 3) M), monoiodoacetate (1 x 10(-3) M), and 2.4-DNP (1 x 10(-4)--1 x 10(-3) M). At low temperatures (3.8 +/- 0.2 degrees C), the time of vacuole-formation increased up to 20 minutes, however after a 1 hour incubation the vacuolation was perfectly developed in both the control (18.5 +/- 0.4 degrees C) and the "low-temperature" fibers. It is suggested that the initial stage of vacuole-formation does not require either metabolic energy or intact system of cytoplasmic microtubules and microfilaments. The effect of low temperature might be due to the loss of the membrane rather than to the lack of metabolic energy. PMID- 6974916 TI - Ontogeny of anti-self-trinitrophenyl cytotoxic T-cell responses. AB - The use of specific T helper cells (TH) has allowed the detection of anti-hapten plus self cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) precursors in cell populations unable to generate autonomous reactions (and considered as 'immature'). This led us to reevaluate the ontogeny of CTL precursors in different tissues in the presence of adult TH. It was found that thymocytes from newborn mice contained levels of CTL precursors comparable to those of adults and were dependent on TH throughout the donor's life. In the spleens, however, 3 periods could be distinguished: (a) from birth to 4 days after birth, no CTL precursors could be detected even in the presence of TH; (b) from the 5th day to the 2nd week after birth, CTL responses could be obtained only in the presence of TH; (c) after the 2nd week, autonomous responses could be obtained. No evidence for a suppressive mechanism was found in the spleen of the newborn mice, nor could lack of responsiveness be attributed to newborn accessory-cell malfunction. The data indicate that a limiting cell in the development of anti-hapten plus self CTL is the TH from the 4th to the 16th day after birth. The absence of CTL precursors in the spleen, but not in the thymus of neonates would indicate differential T-cell maturation in the two organs or late migration to the spleen. PMID- 6974919 TI - [Massive hemorrhage from a colonic diverticulum with demonstration of the source of hemorrhage in the resected segment]. PMID- 6974920 TI - [44 cases of Hemophilus influenzae in the Laval University Hospital Center (1975 1979)]. PMID- 6974921 TI - Urethral syndrome or urinary tract infection? AB - Urodynamic studies of 25 women between eleven and forty-five years of age whose history included frequent urinary tract infections disclosed urethral activity different from that of women with pure stress incontinence. Often the former had associated symptoms of urge, although the latter did not. Not all symptoms of infections were documented by culture, hence could have been related to tension in the pelvic floor rather than to bacteriuria. Urodynamic studies showed spasticity of the urethral musculature. The women with frequent urinary tract infections uniformly had hyperactive urethral striated muscle, those with the most severe form of urge showing varying resting tension in the urethral sphincter. In all cases, discomfort or urge was proportional to the elevation in urethral sphincter pressure and dramatically diminished with drop in closure tonus. In many cases relief of urge occurred only with voiding-when relaxation of the pelvic floor musculature could be induced by the patient. Urethral symptoms result from physiologic imbalance in urethral activity and may predispose to urinary tract infection. Thus, physicians treating urge complaints in young women should be aware that both entities have to be treated. PMID- 6974923 TI - [Rare form of anthrax]. PMID- 6974922 TI - [Nonspecific immunity indices in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage of peptic etiology]. AB - The state of phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index, opsonic coefficient, activity of blood serum lysozyme were studied with acute gastro intestinal hemorrhages (ulcerous etiology in 116 patients, non-ulcerous etiology in 76 patients). The dependence of reduction of indices of phagocytosis and blood serum lysozyme on the degree of blood loss and duration of the posthemorrhagic period was revealed which may be used in clinical practice. PMID- 6974924 TI - [Significance of respiratory minute volume indices in evaluating vestibular stability]. PMID- 6974925 TI - [Treatment of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with paired electric cardiac stimulation]. PMID- 6974927 TI - [The potentials of physiotherapy in apoplexy]. PMID- 6974926 TI - Management of complications after operations for acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6974928 TI - [Relationship between completeness of revascularization, functional improvement and survival in 1000 patients after aortocoronary bypass surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974929 TI - [Congenital tyrosine metabolism disorders in children with hemoblastoses]. PMID- 6974930 TI - [Biseptol-480 in the treatment of gonorrhea in women]. PMID- 6974931 TI - [Cytogenetic disorders in the lymphoid cells and body immunoreactivity of human beings and macaques exposed to viruses]. PMID- 6974932 TI - [(Fab')2-antiglobulins in serum and synovial fluid in patients with chronic polyarthritis]. AB - In addition to the well-known rheumatoid factors or antiglobulins belonging to different immunoglobulin classes, a new type of antiglobulin has been found in serum and synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 15/20 sera and 6/6 synovial fluids contained serologically active material with a molecular weight of approximately 95.000 Daltons. Using chromatographic and affinity chromatographic methods as well as specific precipitation techniques, the (Fab')2 character of these antiglobulins could be ascertained. These antiglobulins may arise through enzymatic degradation of IgG or monomeric IgM antiglobulins, or may be the product of partial intracellular degradation of phagocytosed immune complexes with subsequent extrusion of such material. An in vitro blocking effect of (Fab')2 type antiglobulins on SCMC or ADCC reactions was not found. PMID- 6974933 TI - [Porcine B-lymphocyte antigens and their identification]. PMID- 6974935 TI - [T- and B-immunity system indices in candidiasis]. AB - The examination of 73 patients with superficial and visceral candidiasis and Candida-carriers yielded no data to the effect that the increased activity of opportunistic fungi of the genus Candida in the body was preceded by organic lesions in the T- and B-systems of lymphocytes. Only in 16 patients who had visceral candidiasis for 8-12 years with combined lesions of several organs the decreased capacity of lymphocytes for reacting with phytohemagglutinin was observed, which was probably a manifestation of the secondary immune insufficiency, developing in the presence of prolonged infection. PMID- 6974934 TI - [Light adaptation shift in the spectral sensitivity of cones in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - Spectral properties of frog's "red" cones and their mass receptor potential during blue colour adaptation (370--500 nm) have been investigated. The spectral sensitivity maximum depended on the season: in September, frogs had mean lambda max of 572 +/- 4, whereas in December and January-- 553 +/- 4 nm. Low background light resulted in shift of the spectral sensitivity curve to short wavelengths. The background effect did not depend on the wavelength. The shift of spectral sensitivity was accompanied by the increase of LRP to green stimuli and the decrease of LRP to shorter wavelengths. This effect developed not earlier than 5 min after the beginning of light adaptation. The range of the spectral sensitivity maximum shift varied within 575--525 nm, while changes in the amplitude did not exceed 25 nm. The data obtained indicate the shift of spectral sensitivity of "red" cones due to background illumination. This shift is presumably due to ionochromic changes of the visual pigment of the cones. It its turn, chloride redistribution might take place due to light-induced changes in the membrane potential of cells. PMID- 6974937 TI - [Neurophysiology of the pain syndrome in lumbar osteochondrosis]. AB - Data on the character of evoked central responses of the soleus and the anterior tibial muscles, as well as the minor muscles of the foot sole and patients with the so-called discogenic lumbar radiculitis are presented. In addition, results of treating this pathology by the method of anti-algetic supracutaneous electric stimulation are described. On the basis of comparing all the data it is concluded that of importance in the neurophysiological mechanism of the pain in lumbar osteochondrosis are not only hyperimpulsation alone the thin pain-conducting fibres, but also insufficient conduction of signals alone large-diameter afferent fibres, as well as weakening of the segmental inhibitory processes and deterioration of the functioning of the antinociceptive system. PMID- 6974936 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the T- and B-systems of immunity in various hereditary diseases of the nervous system]. AB - In 37 patients with some hereditary diseases of the nervous system (deforming muscular dystonia, hepatocerebral dystrophy, essential tremor, etc.), as well as in 22 healthy subjects (donors), the percentage and the absolute content of the T and B-lymphocytes in the blood were determined. Use was made of the reactions of spontaneous, active, and complementary rosette formation and determination of the B-cells from superficial immunoglobulins. In all the hereditary diseases listed a drop of the content of thymus-dependent lymphocytes and an increase of the capacity of lymphocytes for complementary rosette formation were revealed. The data obtained can be, probably, interpreted as evidences of a secondary immunodeficient state, possibly, caused by metabolic disturbances which are known to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of hereditary diseases of the nervous system. PMID- 6974938 TI - Infective endocarditis update experience from a heart hospital. AB - In a retrospective study of 50 patients with infective endocarditis (IE), we found an overall mortality of 44%: among the 26 patients with natural valves (NV) the mortality was 19%; among the 24 with prosthetic valves (PV) it was 71%. Congenital heart disease was recognized in 17 of our cases, with a significant clustering in the NV group (50% vs 17%, p = 0.029); the most frequently encountered malformation was the bicuspid aortic valve. The incidence of rheumatic heart disease was 46% in the NV group and 83% in the PV group (p = 0.015). Manifestations of IE were protean and multisystemic. We calculated an average of 4.6 symptoms and 4.7 signs for each patient. Although sepsis was abated with appropriate antibiotics, death often ensued from multiple complications: congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, embolic myocardial infarction, valvular destruction or dehiscence, coagulopathy. New features of natural valve infective endocarditis are a rising incidence in the elderly and a survival rate seemingly at its peak. Features of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis include overwhelmingly frequent embolization to the central nervous system (p = 0.004), spleen (p = 0.009) and kidney (p = 0.010). Advances in therapy for this disease may come from early surgery in late prosthetic valve endocarditis and from future prospective studies to define how the host response influences the outcome. PMID- 6974939 TI - Spontaneous reversion to normal sinus rhythm after prolonged atrial fibrillation. AB - Two patients are reported in whom there was a spontaneous reversion to normal sinus rhythm after atrial fibrillation had persisted ten and fourteen years respectively. One of these patients was an exception to the general rule in as much as there was a clinical improvement when sinus rhythm appeared again. The mechanism underlying such changes in rhythm is not yet fully understood. PMID- 6974940 TI - A changing approach to atherosclerosis. Results of basic research. PMID- 6974942 TI - Pattern of coronary arterial circulation and anastomoses in post mortem angiographic studies of human hearts. AB - Hearts from 131 unselected medicolegal autopsies have been studied. The age of the subjects ranged from 5 to 80 years old. After the coronary arteries were injected with radio opaque dye in gelatin the hearts were dissected and angiograms taken. Depending upon the pattern of coronary artery circulation, the hearts, were categorised into 3 groups. Group I or right preponderant heart was found in 63% of cases, group II or heart with 'balanced circulation' was present in 25% of cases while group III or 'left preponderant' heart was seen in 12% of the cases. This pattern of circulation is similar to that observed in the western population. Coronary collateral circulation was seen in all hearts, of all age groups. However, mild degree of anastomoses were common in the first three decades of life while in the later decades anastomoses were often marked. Hearts with grade III and IV coronary occlusions showed moderate to marked anastomoses in 70% of the cases. Myocardial scars were seen in 24 hearts. Of these, 22 had grade III and IV occlusions in their coronary arteries while, only 2 hearts had grade II occlusive lesions. The anastomoses were moderate to marked in 67% of these hearts. PMID- 6974941 TI - A community-based intervention study on the feasibility and effects of the reduction of salt intake in North Karelia, Finland. AB - A community-based programme to reduce salt consumption to lower general blood pressure levels has been started in North Karelia, a county eastern Finland with high hypertension and CVD rates. The programme is based on the previous activity in the community to control CVD risk factors (the North Karelia Project). Previously, however, salt reduction was not included among the objectives. The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and effects of this new community programme to reduce salt intake. The study period is from spring 1979 to spring 1982. At the outset and at the end cross-sectional random population samples, ages 14 to 65, are examined both in North Karelia and a matched reference community. The surveys include among other measurements 24-hour urine collection (for Na, K and creatinine excretion) and blood pressure. The effect evaluation is concerned whether the programme reduced the general salt intake and whether this was associated with reduction in blood pressure levels among the population. Principles and methods of intervention are presented. Preliminary results from the baseline survey confirmed the high salt intake of the population: the mean 24 hour urinary Na excretion was 215-218 mmol among men and 171-173 mmol among women. The respective K excretion values were 89-91 mmol and 72-72 mmol, and Na/K ratios 2.5-2.6 and 2.4-2.5. PMID- 6974943 TI - Influence of acute hemodynamic changes on the negative peak of the first derivative of apex cardiogram during ventricular relaxation in dogs. AB - The effect of various alterations in preload, afterload and inotropic state of the left ventricle on the first derivative of apex cardiogram (dA/dt) was studied in the anesthetized dogs, in an attempt to clarify some of the determinants of the negative peak of dA/dt and isovolumetric relaxation time. First derivative of apex cardiogram was recorded simultaneously with left ventricular pressure, conventional left apex cardiogram, first derivative of left ventricular pressure, electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram. Both dA/dt and dP/dt curves represent similarity in contour and were found to occur nearly simultaneously. This close relationship was preserved during various acutely hemodynamic changes. Maximum negative dA/dt and isovolumic relaxation period was closely related to the level of afterload. Large rapid augmentation of mean aortic pressure did results in statistically significant increase of negative dA/dt and shortening of isovolumic relaxation time, where reduction of after load had an opposite effect. Another interventions, which acutely augment min dA/dt was nitroprusside and isoprenalin. It is concluded, that negative peak dA/dt under some conditions provides a reliable noninvasive index for assessing myocardial relaxation. PMID- 6974944 TI - The orthogonal Frank electrocardiogram in 257 nurse students. AB - It has clinically well been recognized that the vectorcardiogram in younger patients often shows characteristics that are largely different from the figures obtained in general adult populations. Well documented information on VCG parameters in younger subjects is scarce; the present paper deals with a report on 194 white females and 63 white males, aged 18-25 years. Data were analyzed using the Pipberger program 3.6, and also statistically compared to the classical Pipberger standards. Some parameters (e.g. QRS duration) show different values typically in females, as well in our group of young females as in the reference Pipberger group; other measurements (e.g. Q/Rz amplitude ratio) are specifically deviated in the young population and a pronounced anterior displacement of QRS is regularly observed here. It appears remarkable that QRS amplitude in the young age groups is significantly higher than in the general Pipberger groups only when examined in the inferior direction. The 96% range limits found in this study resp. in young males, and in young females, for the QRS spatial maximal vector (3.08 resp. 2.61 mV) and for RX + RZ (3.22 resp. 2.45 mV) can be taken into account for considering LVH in youngsters. PMID- 6974945 TI - Premature opening of the pulmonary valve in right ventricular myocardial infarction. AB - An echocardiogram performed in a patient with a large right ventricular infarction reveals a premature opening of the posterior leaflet of the pulmonic valve. This opening appears initiated by the atrial contraction and its clinical and pathophysiological significance is discussed. We conclude that perturbations of the pulmonary valvular motion can occur during right ventricular infarction and reflect a profound alteration in phasic right ventricular flow. PMID- 6974946 TI - Coronary artery spasm during acute myocardial infarction. AB - A 51 year old man presented with unstable angina. Following initial improvement, the patient had prolonged, continuous chest pain resulting in myocardial infarction. During the evolving myocardial infarction, coronary angiography was performed and demonstrated coronary spasm superimposed on a high-grade atherosclerotic lesion. The role of coronary spasm in the etiology of myocardial infarction is discussed. Subsequent aorto-coronary bypass surgery was performed uneventfully. PMID- 6974947 TI - [Treatment of acute left cardiac insufficiency: a labyrinth without the thread of Ariane?]. AB - The final picture of left ventricular failure depends at least as much upon its four mechanisms of compensation (increase in preload, in afterload, in heart rate and, as an attempt, in myocardial contractility) as upon its primary factor (decrease in contractility). The complexity of all possible combinations between those various factors has good chances to bring about confusion in therapeutics if one doesn't dispose of a method, a kind of Ariane's thread, making it possible (1) to define some wide orientations to start with, and thereafter (2) to state precisely the way out of that labyrinth. This method must be founded on an accurate physiological basis and therefore requires cardiac catheterization. In all cases the purpose is to get an adequate cardiac output with comfort to the patient and at a low cost to his myocardium. Further adjustment of that treatment essentially founded on hemodynamics, must however take into account its uncertain physiological results in various organs, estimated from clinical and biological information. PMID- 6974948 TI - Anesthesia with flunitrazepam and fentanyl supplemented with droperidol or chlorpromazine (Largactil) in coronary surgery. AB - Sixty coronary patients undergoing aortocoronary bypassgrafts, some with left ventricular resection and some with associated valvular surgery were anesthetised with flunitrazepam, pancuronium and fentanyl according to systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR). When 40 micrograms kg-1 fentanyl was amounted, a neuroleptic was added to the protocol either droperidol (D series, 30 cases), or chlorpromazine (L series, 30 cases), 0.005 mg kg-1 at random, if the SBP remained above 100 mm Hg or when the mean BP rose during the ECC at constant flow. Analgesia was maintained adding 0.05 mg fentanyl to each 2.5 mg neuroleptic dose. A stable cardiovascular state was achieved during the entire procedure in both series. Total doses were 53.25 +/- 10 mukg-1 (D) and 49.45 +/- 6.46 micrograms kg 1 (L) fentanyl, 0.5 +/- 0.25 microgram kg-1 droperidol and 0.38 +/0 0.032 mg kg-1 chlorpromazine. The large dispersion in the doses of neuroleptics was due to a few cases of resistance to their action during ECC. A low dose of neuroleptic (less than 0.4 mg kg-1) was sufficient in a statistically different number of patients in each series, 23 patients were given 0.25 +/- 0.1 mg kg-1 chlorpromazine and only 9 patients were given 0.23 +/- 0.11 mg kg-1 droperidol. This is thought to be due to the longer duration of action of chlorpromazine. All patients came off bypass easily. No low output state developed. During the postoperative period hypertension was not a problem when taking into account that hypertensive patients were not excluded. Thirteen patients in each series had a HR greater than or equal to 100 b.p. m. during more than 1 h, but longer after chlorpromazine (n.s.). There was no other difference in the course of the 2 series until discharge. These results prompt us to continue using droperidol because of its more satisfactory pharmacokinetic characteristics. PMID- 6974950 TI - 51cr-release assay for quantitation of membrane bound and solubilized Thy-1 antigen. AB - A method for quantitative determination of mouse Thy-1 antigen is presented. Antigen to be assayed is incubated with anti-Thy-1 serum and remaining antibody activity is measured by adding 51Cr-labelled thymocytes and complement. The detection limit corresponds to the amount of Thy-1 antigen exposed on the surface of 25,000 thymocytes, which can be calculated to correspond to approximately 0.5 ng. The assay was designed to be performed in the presence or absence of detergent, and is therefore a useful tool for quantitation of Thy-1 in purification procedures and studies on the biological significance of this membrane antigen. PMID- 6974949 TI - Age dependent changes in some human lymphocyte sub-populations. Changes in natural killer cell activity. AB - Age-dependent changes in natural killer (NK) cell activity was studied using the K 562 cell line as target in a 20 h 51Cr release assay. Fifteen healthy, high aged person (76-93 yrs) were compared with 15 sex-matched young adults (20-39 yrs). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from one aged and one young person were assayed simultaneously; and in 12 of the pairs the elderly person expressed the highest cytotoxicity (p = 0.008). When the NK cell activity was expressed as lytic units per ml of blood, however, no difference could be found between the two age groups. T enriched cells showed lower NK activity than peripheral blood lymphocytes, but the age-dependent changes were the same. The NK cell activity was positively correlated to the proportion of lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc part of IgG. The numbers of both Fc receptor positive peripheral lymphocytes and Fc receptor positive T cells ( t gamma cells) were significantly elevated in the elderly. PMID- 6974951 TI - Cultured human syncytiotrophoblasts synthesize pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein (SP1). AB - The synthesis of pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (SP1) was studied in human syncytiotrophoblast cultures from first trimester placentas. Incorporation of 35S-methionine into SP1 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In double diffusion the precipitation line of neosynthesized SP1 gave a reaction of complete immunological identity with maternal serum SP1. By indirect immunofluorescence intracellular SP1 was localised in the perinuclear region of the cells. The average rate of SP1 release into culture fluid was 600 ng/mg protein in 24 hours. On a molar basis the release of SP1 was 10 times less than that of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that cultured human syncytiotrophoblasts synthesis SP1 immunologically indistinguishable from placental SP1. PMID- 6974952 TI - T cell dependent B cell differentiation in the chicken. AB - Transplantation of bursa cells into surgically thymectomized (STx), cyclophosphamide(CY)-treated and X-irradiated (X) newly hatched chicks resulted in a morphological and functional reconstitution of the bursa-dependent immune system only when the transplanted bursa cells were supplemented with thymus cells. Without supplementation with thymus cells, morphological restoration of the bursa, antibody formation to sheep red blood cells and Brucella abortus, and germinal center formation remained deeply deficient. Bursa cells alone induced a full reconstitution of the bursa-dependent immunity in non-thymectomized. CY treated and X-irradiated cell recipients. The incomplete restoration of STx-CY-X chickens after transplantation of bursa cells was not due only to lack of T helper cells, as indicated by the incomplete restoration of the bursal morphology and of antibody formation against Brucella abortus, a thymus-independent antigen. It is concluded that T cells are necessary for the B cell differentiation in the bursa of Fabricius. The mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear but our results indicate that a complete T cell function is not a prerequisite for this, since STx-CY-X birds reconstituted with bursa and thymus cells together did not have their mitogen (PHA, Con A) responses normalized. PMID- 6974953 TI - Cardiac lesions in the frog induced by adrenaline. AB - Adrenaline (A) causes gross lesions of the ventricular wall in frogs living both at 12 degrees and 25 degrees. At 12 degrees the sensitivity of the heart to A is higher than at 25 degrees. Single or multiple ventricular aneurysm, provided by A could not be prevented by propranolol. The resistance of the myocardium towards cyanide anoxia is lowered after A especially at 25 degrees. In preliminary experiments with noradrenaline the same cardiotoxic effects are observed. PMID- 6974954 TI - On the presence of serotonin in the gut lumen and possible release mechanisms. AB - The possible presence of a luminal release of serotonin (5-HT) from gut enterochromaffin cells (EC) of the rat, was studied after the injection of the tritiated 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (3H]-5-HTP by electron microscopic autoradiography. The uptake of 5-HTP into gut epithelial cells was also studied by fluorescence histochemistry according to the Hillarp-Falck technique at the same post-injection interval as in the autoradiography experiments. 3 h after the injections of 5-HTP (100 mg/kg i.v.) the fluorescence intensity of EC was increased and numerous, probably enteroendocrine, cells had an increased yellow tryptamine induced fluorescence due to an uptake of 5-HTP and probably decarboxylation to 5-HT. However, the labelled precursor [3H]-5-HTP was taken up not only into granules of enteroendocrine cells but also incorporated into the cytoplasm and nucleus of nonendocrine cells when studied by autoradiography. After 10 min of efferent electrical stimulation of the vagal nerve much of the label was found in the gut lumen suggesting a release of the amine. The hypothesis of a luminal release of 5-HT was further corroborated in starved cats, where considerable amounts of 5-HT were detected by fluorimetric assays in the lumen of isolated jejunal loops under resting conditions. The experiments demonstrate that :(i) 5-HTP is taken up not only into typical EC but also into other enteroendocrine cells, and most probably decarboxylated to 5-HT. (ii) Also intestinocytes take up [3H]-5-HTP and incorporate the amino acid into peptides to a certain extent. (iii) Following vagal nerve stimulation labelled material, probably 5-HT, is secreted into the gut lumen. (iv) 5-HT normally occurs in the gut lumen. PMID- 6974955 TI - [Emission computed tomography]. PMID- 6974957 TI - Polymorphic acetylator phenotype and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Out of 69 patients with spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), phenotyped for polymorphic acetylation with sulphadimidine, 52 (75%) were slow acetylators. In the subgroup of SLE patients with chronic biologically false positive seroreactions for syphilis the percentage of slow acetylators was even higher, 88%. In the majority of the slow acetylators the disease had started later and had followed a milder course than in rapid acetylators. Cutaneous reactions suspected to be drug-induced were seen in 19 (17 slow acetylators) during an observation period of 3--7 years. The reactions were mostly of exanthematous or urticarial type but also fixed type of eruption was seen. Provocation tests with the suspected drug were performed in 14 patients. In 5 cases it could be demonstrated that the eruption was caused by the drug. The predominance of slow acetylators among our patients with spontaneous SLE was the same as has been observed in drug-induced SLE. This suggests a similar genetic background. PMID- 6974958 TI - [The color vision defects of pigmentary retinal dystrophy. Relation to visual acuity and visual field disturbance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6974959 TI - Estimation and minimization of fetal absorbed dose: data from common radiographic examinations. AB - A simple method of estimating fetal absorbed dose from common abdominal and pelvic radiographic examinations is presented. The method uses experimentally determined normalized depth dose curves (rad/Roentgen exposure free-in-air) and sonographic localization of the fetus. The method is useful for estimating fetal absorbed dose when a pregnant woman inadvertently undergoes a radiographic examination. However, its primary value is in minimizing fetal dose when a woman, known to be pregnant, must undergo a radiographic examination. Selection of proper projection and deliberate adjustment of bladder volume can result in significant fetal dose reduction particularly in the critical first trimester. PMID- 6974956 TI - Hand symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus. An investigation of 765 patients based on a questionnaire. AB - A number of 738 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 371 matched controls answered a questionnaire constructed to detect rheumatic hand symptoms. The SM patients showed significantly more palmar thickening, indicating Dupuytren's contracture and flexor tenosynovitis, and a significantly lower frequency of neurological sensations. There was no statistically significant difference in the estimated frequency of rheumatoid arthritis between the total population and our DM population. PMID- 6974962 TI - Improved routine chest radiography with a trough filter. AB - Use of the aluminum trough filter for phototimed posteroanterior chest radiographs at 120 kVp provides excellent detail within the parenchyma of the lung as well as greatly enhanced visualization of mediastinal structures on a single exposure. An improvement in overall diagnostic value was noted by a panel of radiologists in 87% of 50 cases compared with conventional 120 kVp technique. Dosimetric measurements of the entrance exposure indicate a 12.5% reduction over the mediastinum and a 62% reduction over the lateral lung field compared with routine nonfilter examinations. The filter is inexpensive and readily adapted to any x-ray unit and is, therefore, an attractive alternative to costly high kVp sources. Furthermore, the attenuation coefficient for calcium in bone and parenchyma remains relatively high with preservation of calcium contrast. Repeat exposures have been minimized and the need for additional projections virtually eliminated. PMID- 6974960 TI - Congenital heart malformations: sequential angiographic analysis. AB - A segmental angiographic analysis of congenital heart malformations has been developed with the intention of making evaluation of complex congenital heart anomalies as comprehensive as possible. Each vascular and cardiac segment is analyzed sequentially, considering morphology, connections, and relations. Additional associated cardiovascular abnormalities such as shunts, stenoses, hypoplasias, and atresias are also considered. Information analyzed and presented in this way has more immediate anatomic and physiologic meaning than ambiguous terms, often with obscure embryologic implications. Disagreements regarding definitions and nomenclature will continue; however, a logical framework that allows clear communication among cardiologists, surgeons, and angiographers is absolutely necessary and is provided by the orderly analysis presented here. PMID- 6974961 TI - Isolation of a subclavian artery. AB - Eight patients with isolation of a subclavian artery are described. Isolation of subclavian artery is defined as a loss of continuity between the subclavian artery and aorta but with persistent connection to the homolateral pulmonary artery through a ductus arteriosus. The connecting ductus arteriosus may or may not be patent. As the pulmonary vascular resistance is usually lower than the systemic resistance, the isolated subclavian artery is perfused by subclavian steal, and if the connecting ductus arteriosus is patent, flow occurs from the subclavian artery into the pulmonary artery. In this material and in all reported cases, isolation of subclavian artery has always been associated with other anomalies of the aortic arch, such as right aortic arch or bilateral ductus. Its frequent association with intracardiac defects, usually the tetralogy of Fallot, makes its recognition clinically important. Thoracic aortography with delayed filming is the only procedure that allows consistent diagnosis of this rare anomaly during life. PMID- 6974963 TI - Supine subpulmonary pneumothorax. AB - Intrapleural air often assumes a subpulmonary position in the recumbent patient even in the absence of underlying pulmonary disease. The margins of the collapsed lung may be difficult or impossible to detect, and a poorly defined basilar hyperlucency may be the only clue present. Additional helpful findings include depression and clear visualization of the diaphragm anteriorly (anterior costophrenic sulcus) creating a "double" appearance to the diaphragm, an unusually distinct cardiac apex, and pericardial fat tags. These signs should help alert the viewer to the correct diagnosis of pneumothorax. PMID- 6974964 TI - Chlamydia pneumonia in infants: radiography in 125 cases. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis was recently discovered to be the causative organism in a distinctive afebrile pneumonia occurring in infants under 6 months of age. Experience with the first 125 cases seen at this hospital during a 3 1/2 year period is reported. Chest radiographs were reviewed of 2,273 infants in this age group with signs of lower respiratory tract infection. The first group comprised 148 patients admitted to the hospital. Chlamydia pneumonia was diagnosed in 41 cases. The second group of 2,125 infants was first seen in the outpatient department where 84 additional cases were detected. From this experience it was concluded that, although there are no radiographic findings specific for Chlamydia pneumonia, a combination of the clinical and radiographic findings strongly suggests the diagnosis before cultures and serum antibody titers are available. Important clinical features include age of onset at 2-14 weeks of age, cough, lack of fever, and elevated serum immunoglobulins. Most chest films show bilateral hyperexpansion and diffuse infiltrates with a variety of radiographic patterns including interstitial, reticular nodular, atelectasis, coalescence, and bronchopneumonia. Pleural effusion and lobar consolidation are not seen. The radiographic changes often suggest a more serious illness than that observed clinically. Radiographic features are described in detail. PMID- 6974965 TI - Pulmonary candidiasis in infants: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. AB - Although systemic candidiasis is common in hospitalized patients, invasive pulmonary candidiasis is rare and generally considered of secondary importance when found at autopsy. Autopsy records for a 12 year period were reviewed and 15 infants were found in whom systemic candidiasis was considered the primary or a major contributory cause of death. Significant pulmonary involvement was found in 14. There were three characteristic histologic patterns of pulmonary candidiasis: (1) embolic (arterial-invasive) (seven cases); (2) disseminated (capillary invasive) (four cases); and (3) bronchopulmonary (air space-invasive) (three cases, including one congenital infection). An indwelling vascular catheter or infected cutdown wound was the portal of entry in every case of the embolic form of pulmonary candidiasis. Systemic and pulmonary Candida infections were rarely diagnosed during life. The typical radiographic appearance was progressive air space consolidation, although two infants with the embolic form of pulmonary candidiasis had focal cavitation. In general, there was poor correlation between the radiologic and pathologic findings, and pathologic findings other than pulmonary candidiasis undoubtedly accounted for many of the radiologic abnormalities observed. There were no radiologic findings that could be used to differentiate the three histologic forms of lung involvement in these patients. Small lung nodules, the earliest histologic lesion of pulmonary candidiasis, were not seen in any patient owing to the presence of other lung disease and suboptimal radiographic technique. PMID- 6974966 TI - Diagnosis of ectopic thyroid: value of pretracheal soft-tissue measurements. AB - Thyroid ectopia, dysgenesis, or agenesis has been conventionally diagnosed with the use of radioisotope scanning procedures. This report proposes the use of a conventional lateral radiograph of the neck to determine the presence or absence of the thyroid gland in its normal anatomic position. The thyroid gland is ensheathed by the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia anterior to the trachea. The gland's presence or absence can be determined by calculating the ratio of the soft-tissue measurements between the anterior wall of the trachea and both the outer margin of the skin and the margin of the subcutaneous fat as determined from a lateral radiograph of the neck. This "pretracheal ratio" may be used to accurately differentiate between a lingual thyroid and other masses at the base of the tongue. PMID- 6974968 TI - The variable manifestations of extraarticular synovial chondromatosis. AB - Clinically, patients with extraarticular synovial chondromatosis are seen with a juxtaarticular mass due to metaplasia of synovial cells and subsequent formation of cartilaginous nodules. Three patients are described to illustrate the varied clinical and radiographic features of this disease. One patient had involvement of the knee and wrist while another had involvement of the knee along with presumed intraarticular synovial chondromatosis of the elbow. The third patient had a solitary finger lesion. Routine radiographs in extraarticular synovial chondromatosis demonstrate either solitary or multiple calcified juxtaarticular masses with chondroid matrix. Bone scintigraphy reveals intense radionuclide uptake within the calcified masses. Computed tomography clearly defines the extent of the lesion. Arthrography can evaluate for intraarticular extension. PMID- 6974967 TI - CT detection of intraosseous gas: a new sign of osteomyelitis. AB - In three patients the diagnosis of osteomyelitis was made when computed tomography (CT) demonstrated gas within the medullary cavity of the involved bone. The diagnosis was clinically unsuspected in two of the patients before the CT examination, and none showed bone abnormalities on plain radiographs. Two patients had evidence of infection of the deep soft tissues adjacent to bone, and the third developed the lesion in an allograft. In all three patients CT detection of intraosseous gas resulted in significant alteration of patient management. PMID- 6974969 TI - Pseudovacuum of the cervical intervertebral disc: a normal variant. AB - A lucency in the intervertebral disc space at the superior margin is a normal variant related to Mach band phenomenon. This may easily be confused with a true vacuum sign in intervertebral disc injury. Patients with the pseudovacuum have no associated radiographic findings to suggest injury about the suspected disc space. A review of a group of normal lateral cervical vertebral films showed the phenomenon to occur in 65% of adults and 50% in children. PMID- 6974970 TI - Localization of gastrointestinal bleeding: superiority of 99mTc sulfur colloid compared with angiography. AB - Preliminary experience with technetium-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy in 43 patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding is described. Within minutes of the intravenous introduction of the radiopharmaceutical, a fraction of the injected activity extravasates at the bleeding site and is eliminated from the circulation. Because of rapid clearance of the radiopharmaceutical from the vascular pool by the reticuloendothelial system, a contrast develops between the site of bleeding and surrounding background. Based on animal experiments, bleeding rates as low as 0.05-0.1 ml/min can be detected with this technique. The sensitivity of this technique in the detection of the site of hemorrhage is significantly higher than arteriography or other techniques that use radioactive blood pool indicators. In this study all patients underwent both scintigraphy and arteriography within several hours. In 20 patients with negative scintigrams, arteriography showed no evidence of bleeding. In the other 23 patients with scintigraphic evidence of hemorrhage, arteriograms were positive for bleeding only in 10. In 19 of the 23 patients, a cause for bleeding was eventually established by other means. This technique appears to offer a simple, practical, and reliable approach to the evaluation of patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6974971 TI - Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: additional clinical, radiologic, surgical, and histopathologic aspects. AB - Four newborn infants with megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) were identified at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. These cases provide additional insight into the syndrome and broaden its spectrum. This report includes MMIHS in an infant boy, one long-term survivor, an apparently related complication of neonatal obstructive volvulus, evidence of small intestinal hypoperistalsis, and histopathologic findings as follows: (1) apparently increased numbers of ganglion cells in early biopsies and normal or even decreased numbers of ganglion cells in later biopsies probably due to bowel dilatation; and (2) in two of three infants at autopsy, there were many nerve trunks (a neuromalike layer in one), and there was elastosis of the urinary bladder. PMID- 6974972 TI - Triangulation method for percutaneous needle guidance: the angled approach to upper abdominal masses. AB - A method for percutaneous biopsy and aspiration of posteriorly located retroperitoneal, adrenal, renal, and hepatic masses using computed tomographic or sonographic guidance of an angled needle was used on 17 occasions in 16 patients. The technique uses the Pythagorean theorem for right triangles, and tangent ratios to provide an extrapleural, extraperitoneal route in the prone position for otherwise inaccessible lesions. The more precise geometric planning reduced time to complete the procedure and avoided the complication of pneumothorax which had been previously encountered. Needles were accurately positioned in all patients, and a positive diagnosis was achieved in 13 (three patients had intrahepatic hemangiomas and there was one false-negative necrotic carcinoma). PMID- 6974973 TI - Intrahepatic gas: differential diagnosis. AB - Twelve patients with intrahepatic gas were examined with diagnostic sonography. In nine of the patients, gas was distributed within the intrahepatic biliary ducts, and, in four, distal acoustic shadowing was identified. Three patients, including one who also had biliary tract gas, had gas within the liver parenchyma but outside the biliary tract. One of these patients had a gas-forming abscess, another a recent biopsy, and a third had a necrotic metastasis following intraarterial chemotherapy. A final patient showed an evanescent pattern of gas within the portal venous system. Sonography can identify the presence and distribution of gas within the liver. When biliary tract air is identified, the possibility of biliary tract dilatation, masked by sonographic shadowing, must also be considered. In addition, in the presence of intrahepatic gas, prominent shadowing may cause disruption of the normal hepatic parenchymal pattern and lead to misdiagnosis of parenchymal abnormalities. By coordinating sonographic findings with the clinical history, however, a useful differential diagnosis may be obtained. PMID- 6974975 TI - New intravesical contrast medium for CT: preliminary studies with arachis (peanut) oil. AB - Computed tomography is recognized as a valuable adjunct to clinical staging of bladder carcinomas, with a diagnostic accuracy of 70%-80%. Technique modifications in order to improve the diagnostic results include the use of various intravesical contrast agents. All hitherto described contrast agents suffer from drawbacks, either due to insufficient contrast resolution or to partial volume effect. Arachis (peanut) oil has been used in 69 patients and seems to meet many of the demands that can be made on a good intravesical contrast agent. Both bladder wall and tumor are well delineated, and diffuse and local thickening of the wall can be appreciated., The oil is nonhygroscopic and may therefore be used together with other contrast agents, if necessary. PMID- 6974974 TI - Correlative imaging conference: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Abdominal pain and blood loss. PMID- 6974976 TI - Filling defects in small bowel urinary conduits. AB - Radiographic evaluation of patients with urinary diversion by small bowel conduit includes excretory urography, loopography, and, if necessary, percutaneous pyelography. Five patients with discrete filling defects in their conduits are discussed. These defects represented stones (two cases), antirefluxing ureteral nipples, metastatic bladder carcinoma, and a "turn-in" loop construction defect. While the nature of loop filling defects can often be discerned by radiographic studies and a knowledge of the conduit construction technique, endoscopic biopsy may occasionally be necessary for definitive diagnosis. PMID- 6974977 TI - Renal parenchymal disease: histopathologic-sonographic correlation. AB - Using standard B scans, renal cortical echogenicity was graded by comparing the amplitude of echoes in the renal cortex with that of the adjacent liver, spleen, and renal sinus. Twenty-five consecutive patients were studied immediately before percutaneous renal biopsies. There was no correlation between the nature and severity of the glomerular lesion on renal biopsy and the sonographic findings. While the pyramids could be identified on sonography in all cases, the clarity of corticomedullary definition also did not correspond to any histopathologic finding. There was a definite relation, however, between the nature and severity of interstitial changes on biopsy and the echointensity of the cortex at sonography. Focal interstitial disease produced a minimal increase in cortical echogenicity. A greater increase was produced by diffuse scarring, and the most intense echogenicity of the cortex was seen in patients with active interstitial changes. PMID- 6974978 TI - Emergency arteriography in extremity trauma: assessment of indications. AB - Two hundred and four cases of extremity trauma were evaluated. Arteriography was performed in 70 patients for one or a combination of the following indications: absent or diminished pulse, proximity to a major vessel, enlarging or significant hematoma, neurologic deficit, fracture or dislocation, or systemic hypotension. Of the 70 patients, 37 (53%) demonstrated positive arteriographic findings; the most common was arterial occlusion. Patients with an absent or diminished pulse, the most reliable indicator of arterial injury, should have immediate arteriography. Patients who have strong and equal peripheral pulses and are clinically stable should be observed and undergo elective arteriography. Three patients with intimal injuries had intact pulses, but no pattern of indications was helpful in identifying these injuries. A combination of indications is indicative of more serious injury and more likely to produce a positive arteriographic study. PMID- 6974979 TI - Normal infant brain anatomy: correlated real-time sonograms and brain specimens. AB - An investigation of the identifiable real-time sonographic features of the normal infant brain in the horizontal, coronal, inclined coronal, and midsagittal planes was undertaken. Correlations were made of sonograms of intact brains in vitro, corresponding brain sections, and sonograms in vivo. A large number of anatomic structures could be consistently depicted including cisterns, fissures, faix cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, ventricles, brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalami, and corpus callosum. Pulsations of intracranial arteries, visible by real-time sonography, were of considerable help in identifying various structures. The investigation provides a reference of sonographic anatomy of the brain displayed in four clinically useful imaging planes. PMID- 6974981 TI - Significance of CT in head injury: correlation with intracranial pressure. AB - The authors correlated the computed tomographic (CT) findings and intracranial pressure (ICP) in 150 consecutive comatose head injury patients to determine if noninvasive CT can help identify the patients not requiring ICP monitoring. The study reveals that a majority of patients (55%) with hemorrhagic lesions shown by CT suffer from intracranial hypertension and require ICP monitoring for proper management. Of the patients with normal initial CT, 98% had normal ICP during the first 24 hr. Of the patients with normal CT, 15% developed intracranial hypertension later, irrespective of the initial Glasgow coma scale score or age. More than half of the patients who developed intracranial hypertension subsequently had normal ICP through the first 48 hr. The study indicates that ICP monitoring need not routinely be performed on admission on severe head injury patients with a normal CT. However, repeat CT at 24--48 hr before ICP monitoring in patients with initially normal CT may be valuable, particularly if their clinical status deteriorates. PMID- 6974980 TI - Real-time sonographic sector scanning of the neonatal cranium: technique and normal anatomy. AB - A commercially available wide field of view real-time mechanical sector scanner can be used to image the neonatal cranium. Because of the small transducer head size, the open anterior fontanelle can function as an acoustic window. By thus avoiding bone, higher frequency transducers may be used to improve image resolution. Infants may be scanned quickly without sedation in their isolettes in the neonatal intensive care unit. Sterility of the infant environment is maintained by placing the transducer in a surgical glove. Using this technique, detailed normal anatomy can be seen such as vascular structures, caudate nucleus, thalamus, third ventricle, cavum septum pellucidum, and the thalamocaudate notch. Angled coronal and sagittal sonographic anatomy is correlated with neonatal cadaver brain sections sliced in similar planes centered on the anterior fontanelle. PMID- 6974982 TI - Temporal bone: comparison of pluridirectional tomography and high resolution computed tomography. AB - The recent introduction of high resolution computed tomography (CT) capable of resolving delicate bony structures such as the temporal bone marks another significant advance in diagnostic imaging. This study was designed to compare the integrity of these new CT images, standard CT images, and conventional complex motion tomographic images against contact radiographs of sliced anatomic specimens. Temporal bones of three frozen cadaver heads were studied with complex motion tomograms at 1 mm intervals and contiguous CT scans at 1.5 mm intervals in axial, coronal, and sagittal projections. The heads were physically sectioned at 2 mm intervals in planes corresponding to the radiographic planes using a precise indexing and sawing system. The tomographic images were compared for information content to contact radiographs of the anatomic specimen sections. Conventional tomographic images and expanded number range target reconstruction CT images proved to be highly accurate. Standard CT reconstruction images were not. The probable clinical effectiveness of each method is discussed. PMID- 6974983 TI - Lymphoscintigraphy in malignant melanoma: 99mTc antimony sulfur colloid. AB - Lymphoscintigrams were performed using technetium-99m antimony sulfur colloid in 21 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. Scintigraphic results were concordant with clinical prediction of lymph drainage in six of 11 patients with trunk melanoma, in five of seven patients with extremity lesions, and in none of three patients with scalp melanoma. Thirteen patients showed activity in more than one regional node group. Eleven patients had focal activity in areas other than regional node groups (i.e., in-transit or central lymph nodes). Lymphadenectomy was performed in 19 patients. In each case, the regional lymph node area chosen for resection was positive scintigraphically. The presence of 99mTc activity in excised lymph nodes was documented by scintillation counting and autoradiography. Metastatic disease was found in the resected nodes of 12 patients. Lymphoscintigraphy may be useful in planning lymphadenectomy in some patients with cutaneous melanoma. PMID- 6974984 TI - Galactography: mammary duct contrast examination. PMID- 6974986 TI - Therapeutic embolization of diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. AB - Pulmonary artery fistulas may occur as isolated lesions or as part of the complex of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Surgical resection is generally advised because of the potential for severe complications; however, this may be difficult in diffuse telangiectasia or contraindicated in patients with severe obstructive lung disease. This article offers therapeutic embolization as an effective alternative in such patients, and presents a successful experience. PMID- 6974989 TI - Aphthous ulcers in the esophagus with Crohn colitis. PMID- 6974987 TI - Worsening pulmonary hypertension after resection of arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 6974985 TI - Potential hazards in NMR imaging: heating effects of changing magnetic fields and RF fields on small metallic implants. AB - To test if changing magnetic fields and radiofrequency fields used in nuclear magnetic resonance imagers could induce electrical currents capable of causing localized tissue heating in metal surgical clips and prostheses, steel surgical clips, copper wire clips, and hip prostheses were exposed to fields greater than those used in the nuclear magnetic resonance imager. Observations indicated that no significant heating should be expected from implanted surgical clips during exposure. The heating of larger metallic implants should be further investigated. PMID- 6974988 TI - Calcified meconium and persistent cloaca. PMID- 6974992 TI - Local cerebral blood flow measurements. PMID- 6974990 TI - Extramedullary hematopoiesis in myeloid metaplasia. PMID- 6974994 TI - Initial detection of coarctation of the aorta: an opportunity for the radiologist. PMID- 6974991 TI - Juvenile Gaucher disease simulating osteomyelitis. PMID- 6974993 TI - Traumatic aortic rupture: plain radiographic findings. AB - The plain radiographic findings on 20 patients with traumatic aortic rupture were analyzed. A mediastinal-width to chest-width (M/C) ratio was calculated at three thoracic levels and compared to two matched groups of patients without aortic tears. Defining an M/C ratio of 0.25 or larger at the level of the aortic arch as abnormal would identify 95% of cases with ruptured aortas, and result in 25% false-positive studies in traumatized patients. A ratio greater than 0.28 retains 85% sensitivity for aortic rupture while increasing specificity to 100%. An analysis of the prevalence and location of rib fractures showed that there was little relation between the presence of fracture and existence of an aortic tear. Therefore, an acutely injured patient with an M/C ratio of greater than 0.25 should be considered highly likely to have an aortic rupture. PMID- 6974995 TI - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in children. AB - Three cases of childhood pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) are presented with emphasis on the radiographic findings on plain chest films and computed tomography. Three different radiographic patterns may be seen on chest radiography: (1) reticulonodular, (2) small acinar nodular mimicking miliary disease, and (3) coalescense of various-sized acinar nodules leading to focal consolidation. Absence of cardiomegaly, pleural effusions, or adenopathy are important differential points. Chest computed tomography (CT) shows scattered linear densities and areas of focal coalescence corresponding to filled alveoli, most prominently at the lung bases. Radiographic improvement after lavage is due to decrease in the amount of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive material within the alveoli. Progressive enlargement of acini during childhood may account for the variable pattern seen in PAP in children and contrasts to the more confluent pattern found in the adult. CT is of limited value in diagnosis or management of PAP. Although detailed examination of sputum and bronchopulmonary washings may yield diagnosis, open lung biopsy is required for confirmation. PMID- 6974996 TI - Opportunistic fungal pneumonias in cancer patients. AB - The chest radiographic abnormalities in 92 patients with autopsy proven fungal pneumonias (Candida, 50 patients; Aspergillus, 35 patients; Mucoraceae, four patients; Cryptococcus, two patients; and Histoplasma, one patient) in immunosuppressed cancer patients were reviewed, Aspergillus and Mucoraceae most commonly produced solitary or multiple regions of rounded pneumonia that slowly increased in size and/or number and ultimately produced hemorrhagic pulmonary infarctions. Candida most commonly produced a radiographically nonspecific bronchopneumonia. Any of the fungi may produce a miliary-nodular pattern on the chest radiograph. The miliary-nodular pattern was more frequently seen with Candida. All of these radiographic patterns are nonspecific and may be mimicked by other pathologic processes. However, when placed in the proper clinical setting, the findings become much more specific. They tend to develop at the nadir of the patients' chemotherapeutic induced leukopenia and occur most commonly in patients with hematologic malignancies who have received extensive broad-spectrum antibiotics. PMID- 6974997 TI - Pediatric Lisfranc injury: "bunk bed" fracture. AB - A common pediatric fracture is often overlooked due to the subtle deformity of the proximal first metatarsal. The injury is produced during a fall from a height, resulting in a flexion force that wedges the oblique first cuneiform first metatarsal epiphysis into the first metatarsal-second metatarsal interspace. The injury is more severe than indicated by the bone injury, in that ligaments are involved in subluxation. Anatomic features of the first metatarsal first cuneiform area present a suitable site for the described injury to occur. The pathogenesis of adult Lisfranc tarsometatarsal dislocation is the model for the pediatric equivalent. The clinical, physical, and radiologic findings of 16 patients are reviewed. PMID- 6974998 TI - Diagnosis of sacral neoplasms by epidural venography. PMID- 6974999 TI - Sonography of abruptio placentae. PMID- 6975000 TI - Interpretation of radiographs: effect of clinical history. AB - An effect of clinical information on interpretation of radiographs has been assumed, on the basis of experimental studies. To investigate this effect in a real-life setting, test films were included in the dialy work load of readers who were unaware that a study was being carried out. Eight subtle but unambiguous abnormalities (three lung nodules, lobar collapse, lung cyst, rib destruction, dilated esophagus, congestive heart failure) were included on the test films. For each abnormality there were four readings with a suggestive and four with a nonsuggestive clinical history. The readers were radiology residents and all interpretations were reviewed an sometimes altered by staff radiologists. There was a statistically significant (p less than 0.01) increase in the rate of true positive readings in the presence of a suggestive as compared to nonsuggestive history: 16%-72% for residents' readings, 38%-84% for combined resident-staff readings. There was some concomitant increase in false positives. PMID- 6975001 TI - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy of a lower extremity in association with arterial graft sepsis. PMID- 6975002 TI - The "spaghetti sign": an uncommon radiologic sign of upper urinary tract hemorrhage. PMID- 6975003 TI - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with interstitial involvement. PMID- 6975004 TI - Intrapericardial herniation of the liver: uncommon cause of massive pericardial effusion in neonates. PMID- 6975005 TI - Simplified procedure for percutaneous nephrostomy. PMID- 6975006 TI - Triangulation: indirect CT guidance for abscess drainage. PMID- 6975007 TI - Angled radiography in upper gastrointestinal examinations. PMID- 6975009 TI - The stresses of training: a preceptor's perceptions. PMID- 6975008 TI - Use of 5.0 MHz transducer in the evaluation of pleural masses. PMID- 6975010 TI - Image quality with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging systems. PMID- 6975012 TI - Breast imaging for carcinoma. PMID- 6975013 TI - Quantitative scintigraphy of sacroiliac joints. PMID- 6975011 TI - Esophageal tube displacement in aortic rupture. PMID- 6975014 TI - Magnetic resonance properties of hydrogen: imaging the posterior fossa. AB - Posterior fossa scans were performed on five healthy volunteers using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) machine constructed by Thorn-EMI Ltd. Three different NMR scanning sequences were used. In the first, a type of saturation-recovery technique was used to produce images strongly dependent on the density of hydrogen nuclei, but with some dependence on the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1). In the second, an inversion-recovery technique was used to produce images with a stronger dependence on the spin-lattice relaxation time. In the third, a spin-echo technique was used to obtain images with a dependence on the spin-spin relaxation time (T2). All three types of NMR image were unaffected by bone artifact. Visualization of brain adjacent to the skull base was obtained without loss of detail due to partial-volume effect from bone. The saturation-recovery images highlighted arteries and veins that were clearly visible without the use of contrast agents. The inversion-recovery images showed remarkable gray-white matter differentiation enabling internal structure to be seen within the brainstem and cerebellum. The trigeminal nerve and ganglion were also seen outside the brain. Experience with the spin-echo technique is limited, but the images at the base of the brain show considerable soft-tissue detail. The NMR images of the posterior fossa in this study were comparable in quality to those obtained from a new rotate-rotate x-ray computed tomography machine and were superior in several respects. PMID- 6975015 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy: comparison of sonographic and fluoroscopic guidance. AB - Both sonography and fluoroscopy have been recommended for renal localization and needle guidance for percutaneous nephrostomy. The respective efficacies of both methods have been compared in a prospective study of 88 patients undergoing percutaneous nephrostomy by the catheter over guide wire technique. Fifty-five patients had initial puncture using either an A-mode (42 patients) or real time (13 patients) sonographic aspiration transducer, while 33 patients had a single plane vertical beam fluoroscopy for puncture guidance. The use of either sonographic method for the initial needle puncture significantly reduced the number of puncture attempts (p = 0.000004) and potential iatrogenic risk, eliminated the need for intravenous administration of contrast material, allowed initial safe introduction of a large caliber needle, and decreased the length of time needed to perform the procedure. PMID- 6975016 TI - Infection does not cause reflux. AB - Vesicoureteric reflux in children was originally considered to be a secondary phenomenon, caused by distal obstruction. We now know, however, that most children with vesicoureteric reflux are not obstructed. More recently, urinary tract infection has been thought to be the cause of most vesicoureteric reflux. To test this hypothesis, the results of 601 voiding cystourethrograms with simultaneous culture of the urine (in children), over a 12 month period were analyzed. Of the 34% (204/601) with vesicoureteric reflux, 88% (179/204) had sterile urine and 12% (25/204) were infected. Of the 66% (397/601) without reflux, 90% (357/397) had sterile and 10% (40/397) infected urine. These data do not support the concept that vesicoureteric reflux is secondary to infection in these children. On the contrary, it suggests that reflux and urinary tract infection are independent variables that often coexist. It is concluded that vesicoureteric reflux is a primary phenomenon and is due to incompetence of the ureterovesical junction. PMID- 6975017 TI - The reliability of the "hypernephroma halo". AB - The excretory urograms and renal arteriograms of 68 patients with renal adenocarcinoma and 84 patients with renal masses other than renal adenocarcinoma were reviewed. The radiographs were examined for the presence or absence of the "hypernephroma halo." The sensitivity of this sign was observed to be only 6% and 35% on excretory urography and arteriography, respectively. The specificity was 92% and 77%. However, the overall accuracy of this sign was only 54% and 59%. The relation between the halo and its postulated structural correlate, the tumor capsule, was also examined. There was no significant association demonstrable. It was concluded that the hypernephroma halo is not a reliable sign for diagnosing renal adenocarcinoma and that it probably does not represent the tumor capsule. PMID- 6975020 TI - Pineal region tumors: computed tomographic-pathologic spectrum. AB - While several computed tomographic (CT) studies of posterior third ventricular neoplasms have included descriptions of pineal tumors, few reports have concentrated on these uncommon lesions. Some authors have asserted that the CT appearance of many pineal tumors is virtually pathognomonic. A series of nine biopsy-proved pineal gland and eight other presumed tumors is presented that illustrates their remarkable heterogeneity in both histopathologic and CT appearance. These tumors included germinomas, teratocarcinomas, hamartomas, and other varieties. They had variable margination, attenuation, calcification, and suprasellar extension. Germinomas have the best response to radiation therapy. Biopsy of pineal region tumors is now feasible and is recommended for treatment planning. PMID- 6975021 TI - Acute orbital pseudotumors: classification and CT features. AB - Acute orbital pseudotumors are inflammatory lesions of unknown etiology that may affect part or, less often, all of the tissue within the orbit. A retrospective computed tomographic (CT) study of 16 patients demonstrated that these lesions occur in one of five specific anatomic patterns: anterior, posterior, diffuse, lacrimal, or myositic. The most common location was lacrimal followed by anterior pseudotumors. Posterior, most common location was lacrimal followed by anterior pseudotumors. Posterior, diffuse, and myositic pseudotumors were equally frequent. Localization on the basis of clinical features correlated with the CT localization. Illustrative cases of each of the five types are included. The role of CT in evaluating the therapeutic response is discussed. PMID- 6975022 TI - Computed tomography of blow-out fracture of the medial orbital wall. PMID- 6975019 TI - Normal dilatation of the proximal ureters in children. PMID- 6975023 TI - Diagnostic oncology case study. Brainstem lesion in a child. PMID- 6975024 TI - The "target" pattern: characteristic sonographic feature of stomach and bowel abnormalities. PMID- 6975018 TI - Pyonephrosis: sonography in the diagnosis and management. PMID- 6975026 TI - Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: angiography, CT, sonography, and scintigraphy. AB - Eleven patients with focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver underwent a combination of radiologic procedures, including sonography, computed tomography (CT), hepatic scintigraphy, and angiography. This paper describes the radiologic findings in this group of patients and reviews the current literature. In the present series, sonography was the most sensitive (100%) method for detection of focal nodular hyperplasia, while CT was able to detect only seven (78%) of nine cases. Arteriographic findings were felt to be characteristic in nine (82%) of 11 cases. Hepatic scintigraphy demonstrated normal colloid uptake in six (55%) of 11 lesions. In this series, an accurate radiologic diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia was made in 73% of cases. Hepatic scintigraphy is the pivotal examination. Normal colloid uptake by a focal hepatic mass is virtually diagnostic. However, in the patients in whom the colloid scan shows decreased or absent uptake, angiography may show findings diagnostic of focal nodular hyperplasia in up to 75% of cases, thus avoiding the need need for liver biopsy or surgery. PMID- 6975025 TI - Cholecystitis: prospective evaluation of sonography and 99mTc-HIDA cholescintigraphy. PMID- 6975027 TI - Staging of testicular carcinoma: comparison of CT and lymphangiography. AB - Clinical staging by computed tomography (CT) and lymphangiography was compared in 27 patients with pathologically staged testicular carcinoma, primarily nonseminomatous tumors. The overall accuracy of CT was 89%; the sensitivity, 90%; and the specificity, 83%. The accuracy of lymphangiography for detecting nodal abnormalities was 70%; the sensitivity, 71%; and the specificity, 67%. In 48% of cases, CT provided better delineation of tumor margins. Also, CT detected retrocrural nodal enlargement in 14% of patients and hepatic metastasis in 5%. The usefulness and limitations of both methods are discussed along with their clinical implications. PMID- 6975028 TI - Prospective comparison between clinical and CT staging in primary cervical carcinoma. AB - For 32 months, clinical and computed tomographic (CT) staging were compared prospectively in 75 patients with primary untreated cervix carcinoma. Clinical stages evaluated were IA (one patient), IB (nine) IIA (five,) IIB (18), IIIB (38), IVA (one), and IVB (three). CT agreed with clinical stage in 65%, upstaged tumors in 19%, and downstaged tumors in 16%. In comparison with surgical stage in 25 patients, CT was inaccurate in differentiating IB from IIB lesions but highly accurate in diagnosing IIIB, IVA, and IVB tumors. Pretreatment CT was most valuable in assessing parametrial and sidewall tumor extension, uterine size, endometrial tumor extension, pelvic adenopathy, and adnexal masses. Posttreatment CT in 15 patients was most valuable in assessing extrapelvic metastases to liver, paraaortic lymph nodes, and bowel mesentery. CT offers distinct advantages over current radiologic staging techniques and can be integrated into the present international Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification of cervix carcinoma. PMID- 6975029 TI - Allergy to staphylococcus and lymphocyte subpopulations. I. Hypersensibility of two types to staphylococcus and lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Guinea pigs were sensitized either with dead bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain or by its soluble ultrasonic antigen. With the dead bacteria delayed hypersensitivity (DH) was observed, whereas immediate hypersensitivity (IH) was observed with soluble antigens. Changes in lymphocyte subpopulation distributions in peripheral blood and in some lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes) were studied. The number of total and "active" T lymphocytes in blood and in most lymph nodes increased, in both DH and IH. The increase was particularly significant in delayed hypersensitivity. In the thymus the number of these cells was decreased. Changes in the level of B lymphocytes estimated as cell bearing receptors for complement components were quite different in DH and IH. A low level of B lymphocytes was noted in peripheral blood but not in most of the lymph nodes in IH. PMID- 6975030 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - Suspect this common syndrome in young women who are pregnant or on oral contraceptives, in menopausal women, in patients performing unaccustomed repetitive manual activity, in those on hemodialysis and in those with endocrine abnormalities. Diagnosis requires precise neurologic examination and electrodiagnostic studies. Conservative therapy includes nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents, night-splint immobilization and local steroid injections. Surgical intervention is required for longstanding cases when conservative treatment fails and when muscular atrophy of median innervated thenar muscles develops. PMID- 6975031 TI - Observations of the Alto Xingu Indians (central Brazil) with special reference to nutritional evaluation in children. AB - Little information concerning the nutritional status of Brazilian Indians living primitively in a large area of the Amazon region is available at present. This study took place in the Xingu National Park, created to preserve the Indian population living in this area, along with its culture. Field work was done in three consecutive years (1974, 1975, 1976). At the end of this period 175 children had been studied (97 male and 78 female) all estimated to be under 5 yr of age. Two kinds of studies were performed: 1) cross-sectional: studying the children that entered in the nutritional survey every year, and 2) longitudinal: studying the children that were under observation for 2 or 3 consecutive yr. The nutritional status was evaluated by two age-independent anthropometric indices, namely, weight-for-height and arm-circumference-for-height. The weight-for-height index showed that 96.0% of the children examined were classified as well nourished, 3.4% suffered of 1st degree malnutrition and 0.6% of 2nd degree malnutrition. The arm-circumference-for-height revealed that 97.1% were well nourished and 2.9% were classified as suffering of a mild degree of malnutrition. Since both indices used can give normal results in a population in which there is severe stunting or nutritional dwarfism, a longitudinal study was drawn. Growth in height was studied, resulting normal in 84.8% of the measurements taken. In contrast to children from low income families living in the outskirts of large urban centers where malnutrition reaches 54.0%, the Indians remain as healthy as they were when last examined 30 yr ago. PMID- 6975033 TI - Serum immunoglobulin and ig bearing lymphocytes in patients with iga nephropathy. PMID- 6975032 TI - A case of multifocal proliferations of histiocytic cells containing Langerhans' cell granules. AB - A 61-year-old male was found to have multiple cutaneous nodules, four subcutaneous tumors, and diffuse small nodular lesions of both lungs. The biopsy specimen of the skin lesions revealed a proliferation of histiocytic cells containing Langerhans' cell granules (Birbeck granules). Chemotherapy including vincristine, cyclophosphamide (endoxan), 6-mercaptopurine, and prednisolone (VEMP) for ten weeks improved the skin lesions, some of which disappeared. After resection of all the remaining skin lesions, there was no recurrence. This case seems to be a special type of eosinophilic granuloma or multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. PMID- 6975034 TI - Several marker analyses of T-lymphoma cells in eight Japanese adults. AB - Lymphoma cells in eight adult Japanese patients with no evidence of overt leukemia throughout their clinical course were demonstrated to be of T-cell nature by combining studies of various immunologic cell surface markers and cytochemistry. The histologic diagnosis of these patients was diffuse histiocytic lymphoma in four patients, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma in two patients and mixed histiocytic and lymphocytic lymphoma in two patients, according to Rappaport's classification. In seven of the eight patients, the malignant appearance and the large number of E-rosetting cells readily led to the diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma. Human Ia-like antigens were unexpectedly detected on the malignant T cells in seven of the eight patients. TdT activity was elevated in two of the four patients tested. Acid phosphatase activity was always observed in the neoplastic T-cells, and this activity was tartrate resistant. Focal activity of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase was detected in the malignant cells with somewhat mature appearances, but large immature cells had no or weak dispersed activity. Except for E-rosetting ability, malignant T-cells showed such variable properties that multiple marker analyses seem to be necessary in the diagnosis and the prediction of prognosis of these disorders. Frequent occurrence of T-cell malignancy in Japan was also discussed. PMID- 6975035 TI - Haemophilus influenzae biotype III infections in children and report of three unusual cases. AB - Three hundred thirty seven Haemophilus influenza isolates from infections in children were studied to determine the relationship between H. influenza, biotype III, and specimen source. Eighteen per cent (60) of the isolates were H. influenza biotype III. Of these, 70% were from the eye, 18% from the respiratory tract, 7% from the ear and 2% from blood. Although conjunctivitis was the most common clinical condition associated with H. influenza biotype III, three cases of systemic infection with this organism are presented: a 10-month-old female with pneumonia, a 17-year-old male with sepsis, and a 7-year-old male with endophthalmitis. This organism may be a significant pathogen depending on the clinical setting. Increased awareness of its importance will lead to more reports of its isolation. PMID- 6975037 TI - Management of recurrent invasive Haemophilus influenzae infection. AB - A 4 1/2-month-old infant had three separate episodes of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection and did not produce antibody to the capsular polysaccharide of H influenzae b. Immunologic evaluation disclosed normal immunoglobulin and complement concentrations and normal T-cell number and function. In view of the persistent presence of type-specific capsular polysaccharide of H influenzae b (polyribophosphate [PRP]) in blood serum without any detectable anti-PRP antibody for 30 days following H influenzae b meningitis, monthly treatment with immune human serum globulin was undertaken until spontaneous production of anti-PRP antibody occurred. The patient's 4-year-old sibling was found to be a nasopharyngeal carrier and may have been a source for reinfection. A search for possible family carriers should be conducted in evaluating the conditions of patients with recurrent invasive H influenzae b infection. In addition, temporary treatment with immune human serum globulin should be considered. PMID- 6975036 TI - Influence of age and sex on serum complement components in children. AB - Concentrations of eight complement components were determined on sera from 419 healthy children (198 boys and 221 girls) aged from 1 to 19 years. A significant correlation between concentration and age for all complement components (C1q, C1s, C4, C3, C5, factor B, properdin, and C1 inhibitor) was observed for girls; in the male population, a significant correlation was present only for C1q, C4, C3, C5, and properdin. The presence of a significant relationship to age suggests that this variable must be considered in establishing normal values of serum complement for children. PMID- 6975039 TI - Neonatal sepsis. PMID- 6975038 TI - Influence of familial hypertension on blood pressure during adolescence. AB - The relationships of familial hypertension and height, weight, and blood pressure (BP) were studied in two adolescent populations. Subjects having hypertensive first-degree relatives were matched to control subjects without such a family history. The group with familial hypertension demonstrated a slightly higher average BP but also had a greater mean body weight and ponderal index than the control group. After controlling for weight, male but not female subjects with a family history of hypertension had a greater prevalence of elevated BP and higher average pressures than controls. The factors of above-average weight and familial hypertension appear to interact so as to produce an excessive prevalence of elevated BP. These trends suggest that teenagers with hypertensive first-degree relatives constitute a special risk group that should be closely monitored. PMID- 6975041 TI - Hereditary multiple exostoses. Hereditary multiple exostoses in horses. PMID- 6975040 TI - The William Allan Memorial Award Address: Gene clusters, Genome organization, and complex phenotypes. When the sequence is known, what will it mean? PMID- 6975042 TI - Ultrastructural localization of alpha-naphthyl acid esterase in human TM lymphocytes. AB - The localization of alpha-naphthyl acid esterase (ANAE) activity in T lymphocytes with receptors for IgM (T(M) cells) have been studied at the electron microscope. The electron-opaque product of the cytochemical reaction was detected around, but never inside, single (or groups of) vesicles, which suggested a possible membrane localization of the enzyme activity. These same vesicles were found to contain acid phosphatase by both light- and electron-microscopic examination and were bound by unit membranes; this data indicates that they likely represent primary lysosomes. The presence of such lysosomes in a restricted paranuclear area is a distinctive feature of T(M) cells. PMID- 6975045 TI - [Lymphocyte blast transformation indices in abortion and their clinical significance]. PMID- 6975044 TI - Animal model of human disease. Carcinoma of the pancreas in azaserine-treated rats. PMID- 6975043 TI - Anaphylactic actions of platelet-activating factor. AB - Platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) is a potent inducer of systemic anaphylactoid reactions in animals. It was found to be similarly potent in contracting smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum and lung and in enhancing vascular permeability when injected subcutaneously into these animals. This factor, therefore, possesses in vitro and in vivo bioactions that resemble those of C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins. However, platelet-activating factor induces a slowly developing, sustained contractile wave in ileum that is not inhibited by an antihistaminic compound, pyrilamine, whereas C3a and C5a stimulate rapid transient contraction that is abrogated by the antihistamine. Furthermore, platelet-activating factor desensitized the ileum to restimulation by itself but not by C3a or C5a; conversely, C3a and C5a desensitized the ileum to themselves but not to platelet-activating factor. Thus, platelet-activating factor possesses a distinctive set of anaphylactic actions. It stimulates a slow wave of muscle contraction and can act independently of histamine release and receptors for the C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins. PMID- 6975047 TI - Early diagnosis of myocardial ischemia using the pulmonary arterial catheter. AB - Standard precordial electrocardiogram (ECG) leads detect transmural myocardial ischemia but are of limited use in detecting subendocardial ischemia. An early increase in the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure associated with abnormal wave forms has been noted in patients with coronary artery disease. This study sought to evaluate the usefulness of the pulmonary arterial catheter during coronary artery bypass graft surgery in detecting early myocardial ischemia. Forty patients with progressive angina pectoris undergoing elective myocardial revascularization were studied whenever one of the following signs of myocardial ischemia occurred: (a) ST-segment depression greater than 1 mm or, (b) wedge pressure tracing developed an abnormal AC wave greater than 15 torr, or V wave greater than 20 torr. Forty-five percent of the patients developed signs of myocardial ischemia. Three patients developed only ST-segment depression, five patients had ST-segment depression and an abnormal wedge pressure tracing, and 10 patients demonstrated only abnormal wedge pressure tracings. The abnormal wedge pressure tracings were associated with significant elevations of wedge pressures, central venous pressures, and triple indices. This study demonstrates that changes similar to those described in awake patients during cardiac catheterization occur under anesthesia. Abnormalities in the wedge pressure tracing may occur before the onset of ECG changes, indicating the development of myocardial ischemia. The changes in left ventricular compliance and subendocardial ischemia could not be predicted in advance by either the extent of coronary artery disease of degree of left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 6975046 TI - Failure of transcutaneous electrical stimulation to alleviate experimental tourniquet pain. AB - It has been proposed that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) acts by stimulation of large nerve fibers which inhibits further propagation of nociceptive input conducted along smaller C-nerve fibers. We evaluated the effectiveness of TENS in alleviation of ischemic pain (C-fiber mediated) experimentally produced by the submaximal-effort tourniquet test. Cutaneous electrodes were placed proximal to the tourniquet and TENS was begun prior to exsanguination of the arm. Time from inflation of the tourniquet to onset of intolerable pain was noted together with a visual analog-derived intensity of pain for 10 subjects studied on three separate occasions. The results showed no statistically significant prolongation in the duration of ischemia tolerated nor reduction in the subjective intensity of pain during either single- or dual channel stimulation in comparison to control levels. PMID- 6975048 TI - Reversible evoked potential changes with retraction of the eighth cranial nerve. PMID- 6975049 TI - Lymphocyte function and cell-mediated immunity in pigs with experimentally induced African swine fever. AB - Twenty-five pigs inoculated with African Swine fever virus were studied for the development of changes in lymphocyte numbers and function. The results indicated that lymphopenia and decreased percentage of circulating T-lymphocytes occurred as early as 7 days after the pigs were inoculated. These were accompanied by depressed lymphocyte function, as measured by mitogen- or antigen-induced blastogenesis. There were proportionately greater decreases in T-lymphocyte numbers and function than were found for B-lymphocytes. Studies of phagocytic cell function revealed decreased phagocytic function for peripheral blood monocytes and unchanged (normal) neutrophil function. Depressed T-lymphocyte function occurred in pigs with acute and subacute infections, indicating depression of cellular immune function. PMID- 6975051 TI - [Campylobacter neonatal enteritis (author's transl)]. AB - Authors communicate four cases of bloody diarrhea in neonates, with Campylobacter fetus jejuni in the stools. In one case, the same bacteria was isolated from the mother and, in another case, existed possibility of a cross-infection. The mildness of the evolution is marked, specially in those cases in which maternal feeding was continued. Some diagnostic and epidemiological aspects, concerning the neonatal period, are commented. PMID- 6975050 TI - Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis and hypogammaglobulinemia in children. AB - Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis is an uncommon process, and an association with hypogammaglobulinemia in children is rare. Three patients, a 10-yr-old boy (Patient 1), a 17-yr-old girl (Patient 2), and a 13-yr-old boy (Patient 3) were evaluated for progressive interstitial pneumonitis and hypogammaglobulinemia. At presentation, symptoms or signs of lung disease had been present for 9, 6, and 1.5 yr and consisted of severe exertional dyspnea asymptomatic pneumonitis on roentgenogram, and mild exertional dyspnea, respectively. Serum immunoglobulin deficiencies were variable with IgG and IgA being depressed in all patients and IgM being within normal limits in Patient 2. In vitro neutrophil function and T lymphocyte number and mitogen responses were normal. Measurement of in vitro immunoglobulin production suggested a primary B lymphocyte dysfunction. Pulmonary function testing revealed restrictive lung disease in Patient 1, arterial hypoxemia in Patients 1 and 2, and increased alveolar-arterial oxygen differences in all patients. Microscopic examination of lung specimens from each patient revealed diffuse lymphoid parenchymal infiltration with formation of follicles with occasional germinal centers, varying degrees of fibrosis, and negative examinations for viruses, bacteria, and fungi. The factors responsible for the cessation of antibody production and for the striking lympho-proliferative process seen in these patients remain to be identified. PMID- 6975052 TI - [Emergency digestive endoscopy in hemorrhages of the upper gastrointestinal tract in aged patients]. PMID- 6975053 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference at the Pitie-Salpetriere. Recurrent digestive hemorrhages in a 57-year-old woman]. PMID- 6975054 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa associated with bilateral ectopia lentis. PMID- 6975055 TI - Resolution of night blindness in fundus albipunctatus. AB - Two sisters, aged 14 and 7 years, and their father had ophthalmoscopic and electrophysiologic findings consistent with fundus albipunctatus. Evaluation of family members revealed a history of severe juvenile night blindness which resolved by about age 20 in some affected individuals. This familial pattern is consistent with autosomal dominant fundus albipunctatus. PMID- 6975057 TI - Nuclear medicine in clinical neurology: an update. AB - Isotope scanning using technetium 99m pertechnetate has fallen into disuse since the advent of x-ray computerized tomography. Regional brain blood flow studies have been pursued on a research basis. Increased regional blood flow during focal seizure activity has been demonstrated and is of use in localizing such foci. Cisternography as a predictive tool in normal pressure hydrocephalus is falling into disuse. Positron tomographic scanning is a potent research tool that can demonstrate both regional glycolysis and blood flow. Unfortunately, it is extremely expensive and complex to apply in a clinical setting. With support from the National Institutes of Health, seven extramural centers have been funded to develop positron tomographic capabilities, and they will greatly advance our knowledge of stroke pathophysiology, seizure disorders, brain tumors, and various degenerative diseases. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is a potentially valuable tool since it creates tomographic images representing the distribution of brain water. No tissue ionization is produced, and images comparable to second generation computerized tomographic scans are already being produced in humans. PMID- 6975056 TI - [Endoscopic examinations in the primary tuberculosis complex in childhood]. AB - The authors draw attention here to a series of cases of primary tuberculosis in early infancy (in children aged between 4 months and 4 years), and they stress that it is indispensable to perform endoscopy in those forms where the lymphoglandular element constitutes the starting point of symptoms of local complications. The authors point to the high incidence of bronchoglandular fistulae mentioned in publications, which can be discovered exclusively by endoscopy and which can also be made easy by cortisone therapy. This therapy moreover remains a fundamental weapon against respiratory defect which follow when the lymphoglandular element of the primary tuberculous infection affects the bronchi. The authors also wish to stress that the cortisone therapy can also avoid serious loss of of pulmonary function as demonstrated in a patient whom the authors were only able to observe at a late stage. PMID- 6975060 TI - Cerebellar stimulation in four patients with cerebral palsy. AB - Six Medtronic 1743 dual-channel cerebellar stimulators were implanted in 4 patients between September 1977 and January 1979. Evaluations were conducted in both a blind and nonblind fashion. Significant differences between the evaluations occurred. The operating surgeon, physical therapists, referring neurologist and the patients' families all overestimated the degree of improvement, compared to a blind evaluation by a noninvolved group of neurologists. The concomitant occurrence of significant complications raised serious questions of the advisability of cerebellar stimulation for cerebral palsy. PMID- 6975058 TI - Development of a tomographic myelin scan. AB - The principle that myelin can be imaged noninvasively using the emission tomographic distribution of a lipophilic radioactive tracer was investigated. Properties of agents suitable for noninvasive myelin scanning are discussed with specific reference to blood-brain barrier permeability, metabolism, and tracer lipophilicity. The brain distributions of inert tracers are correlated with their partitioning between octanol and saline. A test probe, iodobenzene, was labeled with iodine 125 for preliminary invasive studies in the rabbit. The equilibrium brain distribution, determined either autoradiographically or by regional dissection, corresponded closely to that of myelin. 123I-labeled iodobenzene, a gamma-emitting analog, was then administered to a monkey, and tomographic reconstruction revealed a pattern of brain uptake corresponding to white matter. PMID- 6975059 TI - Pharmacokinetics of erythromycin ethylsuccinate and estolate in infants under 4 months of age. AB - We studied the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin estolate and ethylsuccinate suspensions in infants under 4 months of age who were being treated for chlamydial infections or pertussis. We conducted our studies after the initial dose of 10 mg/kg and subsequently during steady-state treatment. The estolate preparation resulted in higher peak concentrations in sera, and its absorption and elimination half-lives were longer. Peak concentrations occurred 3 h after a dose with the estolate preparation and 1 h after a dose with the ethylsuccinate preparation. The area under the curve for the estolate preparation was about three times greater than that for the ethylsuccinate preparation. Based on these findings, we recommend that erythromycin estolate suspensions be given to young infants at 8- or 12-h intervals (30 mg/kg per day in three divided doses or 20 mg/kg per day in two divided doses) and that erythromycin ethylsuccinate is best given at 6-h intervals (40 mg/kg per day in four divided doses). PMID- 6975062 TI - Parafascicular-center median nuclei stimulation for intractable pain and dyskinesia (painful-dyskinesia). AB - Medial thalamus stimulation was used to treat chronic intractable pain associated with dyskinesia. Relief from both the pain and the motor disorder occurred concomitantly. However, maximum pain reduction was attained at a relatively faster rate than maximum reduction from the motor disability. It is postulated that pathologic changes in the center median nucleus secondary to lenticulo striate-internal capsular lesions account, in part, for both the pain and the dyskinesia. Electrical stimulation of the center median(n) parafascicular nuclear complex presumably simultaneously activates both the neurohumeral and tertiary sensory pain inhibitory system for pain control, and the suprasegmental gamma system for motor control. PMID- 6975061 TI - Characteristics of spinal cord-evoked responses in man. AB - The averaged electrical potentials evoked by the stimulation of the peripheral nerves were recorded with surface electrodes over the lumbosacral, lower thoracic and cervical spine and with epidurally placed electrodes in the cervical area. The waveforms of the lumbosacral and cervical spinal cord potentials show similar complexity reflecting peripheral and central generators. The larger negative wave with at least two components is followed by a slower positive deflection. Evoked potentials recorded over the cervical segments of the spinal cord with epidural electrodes are of much higher amplitude and more complex waveform than those recorded with surface electrodes. PMID- 6975063 TI - Technical problems and advances in the cerebellar-stimulating systems used for reduction of spasticity and seizures. AB - A series of 300 patients were implanted for chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) from February 1974 to June 1980. The charge density was in the range of 0.7-1.6 microCi/cm2/phase. There is a very narrow range of stimulation in which CCS is effective. Increasing above the range, clinical benefits cease; at levels over 10 microCi/cm2/phase, damage to the underlying conducting elements occurs which renders the prosthesis ineffective. Periodic monitoring of the implanted equipment is mandatory for a successful clinical program. Scalp recordings and radiography have detected a 53% failure rate in the I-108 RF linked system. The failed receivers were replaced with more reliable I-110 receivers and later with a fully implantable pulse generator. No change has been detected in the electrode button-cortex interface when measuring the access resistance up to 5 years later. PMID- 6975065 TI - Proceedings of the Third International Meeting on Spinal Cord Stimulation. Houston, Tex, May, 1980. PMID- 6975064 TI - Reversibility of chronic neurologic deficits. Some effects of electrical stimulation of the thalamus and internal capsule in man. AB - Stimulation of the thalamus and internal capsule with Medtronic deep brain stimulation electrodes produced improvement in pain, hemiparesis, dystonia, torticollis, tremor. speech impairment and epilepsy. Stimulation at voltages above or below clinically effective levels (e.g., 6 V, 0.3 ms, 74 Hz) resulted in a loss of clinical efficacy. Somatosensory evoked responses (short and long latency) and depth electrode recordings were helpful in localisation and 'biocalibration' of electrical stimulation. PMID- 6975067 TI - Biomedical engineering aspects of spinal cord stimulation. AB - Problems of spinal cord stimulation for modification of motor performance are discussed, based on presentations by representatives of the major stimulator manufacturers. Addressed were problems of electrode fixation, durability, energy requirements, and size. Trade-offs involved in the design and manufacture of various systems were also discussed. Design features and parameters identified were small size, totally implantable, good control of stimulus current, rates of stimulation variable from 20 to 1,400 Hz, current range of 2-12 mA, and a pulse width of 100-500 ms. Improvements are needed in all aspects of system performance, but particularly with respect to lead durability and electrode design. Future units may utilize feedback of physiological parameters for more optimal stimulus control. PMID- 6975068 TI - Underlying mechanisms of the effects of spinal cord stimulation in motor disorders. A review of the discussion. AB - Possible underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation in the modification of motor disorders were discussed by scientists working in research on motor control mechanisms. Changes of motor unit properties in upper motoneuron lesions were reviewed, the role of proprioceptive input and long-loop reflexes in motor control was discussed, analysis of ramp and ballistic movements in motor control was presented, and some aspects of neural control of locomotion were reviewed. Some physiological considerations of the influence of electrical stimulation on various neural functions were given and the conclusion was reached that, at present, no definitive models of the action of spinal cord stimulation are available. PMID- 6975069 TI - Clinical evaluation of the effect of spinal cord stimulation on motor performance in patients with upper motor neuron lesions. AB - The effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the spinal cord was evaluated in a group of 24 patients with multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. The systems for stimulation had been implanted from 12 to 30 months prior to completion of evaluation. At the time of completion of evaluation, 23 of the 24 patients still had implanted systems, although 6 of them had not used spinal cord stimulation because of no noticeable effect. In 3 patients stimulation had been disconnected because of technical failure of the system. In 1 patient the system had been removed 8 weeks after implantation because of inflammation in the under-skin receiver pocket. The effects on motor performance of the remaining 14 patients who had continuously active systems were improved bladder control, diminished spasticity, improved movement coordination, and increased endurance. PMID- 6975066 TI - Remarks on spinal cord stimulation and the placebo effect. AB - Spinal cord stimulation, which has been shown to be beneficial in multiple sclerosis as well as in sustained spinal cord injury, works through modification of specific motor mechanisms. This modification occurs through regional recruitment of spinal cord activity in posterior aspects of the spinal cord. Substantial involvement of the placebo effect can be ruled out by noting the persistence of beneficial effects observed in spinal cord injury patients and by the fact that the effects are related only to depolarization of posterior structures of the spinal cord, rather than to perception of a 'tingling' sensation caused by spinal cord stimulation. Such a sensation can also occur when electrodes are over anterior or lateral structures of the spinal cord, when the stimulation is not effective in alleviating motor symptoms. PMID- 6975071 TI - Technical factors important to dorsal column stimulation. AB - A series of 101 patients with weakened neurological conditions (including multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases) were augmented with dorsal column stimulation (DCS) over a 5 1/2-year period. 65 patients were implanted with an RF-linked system while 36 had a fully implantable programmable stimulator inserted. 20% failure occurred in the radio receiver series while none occurred in the latter, except for routine battery depletion. After 5 years, 23% of the patients using the RF system continued to use DCS, while after 4 years of using the fully implantable units, 81% of the patients continued to use DCS. Electrode displacement occurred in 27 patients, with breakage in a further 6 patients early in the series. Cathodal stimulation is more efficient that anodal stimulation when compared in 21 patients undergoing DCS. PMID- 6975070 TI - Neural control of gait: clinical neurophysiological aspects. AB - From the three essential mechanisms in locomotion, the antigravity, equilibrium and stepping mechanisms, only the latter is specific for gait. The spinal cord is considered to be a central pattern generator in experimental animals and is under the influence of different afferent sources and descending impulses. In clinical practice locomotor mechanisms can be modified at peripheral levels, as with functional electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, and at the spinal cord, as in spinal cord stimulation, and theoretically also at midbrain and subthalamic locomotor areas. The importance of the spinal cord pattern generator in spinal cord injured patients is discussed. The role of postural mechanisms in locomotion is emphasized. PMID- 6975072 TI - Multiple-lead spinal cord stimulation: technique. AB - This report is a continuation of our previous report on chronic spinal cord stimulation in disorders of the motor system. Improved statistics were observed following changing from the early conventional two-electrode system to a newly developed four-electrode system. The success of the four-electrode system lies in the analysis of both the electrode combinations and the frequency of stimulation. These are carried out on each patient and remain the most critical aspect of the technique. The details of the multiple lead system--the technique of implantation and protocols for carrying out electrode and frequency analysis--are presented. PMID- 6975073 TI - Beneficial augmentation following dorsal column stimulation in some neurological diseases. AB - 101 patients with multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases have undergone dorsal column stimulation (DCS) during the past 6 years. DCS augmented weakened neurological functions in 94 patients. Varying improvements were seen in general strength, balance and gait, sensory modalities speech, and bladder function with an important increase in endurance. Two different DCS systems were implanted: 65 patients had a radio frequency stimulator and 36 had a totally implantable programmable stimulator. Except for the first 4 patients, who underwent an initial trial of DCS, permanent implantation of the stimulation system was done as the initial procedure in the series. 16 patients died of their disease or other causes unrelated to the stimulator. DCS is a safe and efficacious method for augmenting the neurological function in most selected patients and can lead to an improved quality of life. PMID- 6975074 TI - Technological problems of spinal cord stimulation systems: a clinical perspective. AB - Technological problems of spinal cord stimulation, from the clinician's standpoint are the topics of this review of a round table discussion. Surgical aspects of spinal cord stimulation system implant procedures are reviewed. Safety and reliability of the methods and systems are discussed. Problems with durability and fixation of epidural electrodes are reported, and solutions are sought from the continued interaction of clinicians and biomedical engineers in the future development of methods and systems. PMID- 6975075 TI - Results of spinal cord stimulation in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6975076 TI - Dorsal column stimulation in multiple sclerosis: effects on bladder, leg blood flow and peptides. AB - 9 patients with bladder disorder secondary to multiple sclerosis (MS) were treated by dorsal column stimulation (DCS). Detailed urodynamic tests were performed and leg blood flow was assessed on repeated occasions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) met-enkephalin levels were estimated before and during DCS. The chief effect of DCS was improved urinary flow associated with reduced sphincter tone and lessened detrusor instability maximal at the 6th or 7th day of continuous stimulation. Considerable fluctuation in leg blood flow occurred unrelated to activation of the stimulator. No obvious change in CSF met-enkephalin levels took place, but it is suspected that the mode of action of DCS in via certain peptide hormones. PMID- 6975077 TI - Treatment of patients with degenerative diseases of the central nervous system by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. AB - Patients with dystonia, spinocerebellar and cerebellar ataxia and spasmodic torticollis have a reasonable chance of being significantly aided in their control of motor function and neurogenic bladder by electrical stimulation of the cervical or thoracic spinal cord. This mode of therapy has the advantages that it is not destructive of neurological tissue, effects can be varied by altering the intensity and rate of the stimulus and preliminary testing with externalization of the electrodes is predictive of the effects of chronic stimulation. PMID- 6975078 TI - Electrical spinal cord stimulation for spastic movement disorders. AB - Clinical results of electrical stimulation of the spinal cord at three different clinics are reported for 53 patients suffering from different spastic movement disorders out of a series of 164 cases tested transitorily. Two-thirds of the cases were multiple sclerosis patients. The difficulty of objective assessment is emphasized. Motor function was principally evaluated and surprisingly showed a marked improvement 1-5 years after the implantation of an electrical device. Other criteria are analyzed and compared with literature. Dorsal cord stimulation seems to be a valuable method for improving the quality of life in a limited percentage of cases of neurological motor disorders. PMID- 6975079 TI - Psychological effects of spinal cord stimulation: preliminary findings. PMID- 6975080 TI - Indirect spinal cord stimulation. Some engineering viewpoints. PMID- 6975081 TI - Inhibition of mouse spleen cell function by diphtheria toxin fragment A coupled to anti-mouse Thy-1.2 and by ricin A chain coupled to anti-mouse IgM. PMID- 6975082 TI - Complement-fixing intercellular antibodies. PMID- 6975084 TI - Macrophage kinetics and granuloma formation. PMID- 6975083 TI - Cowden's disease associated with immunodeficiency. PMID- 6975085 TI - Natural killer cell activity in psoriasis vulgaris. PMID- 6975087 TI - Significance of corrected sinusoidal pressure (CSP) in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. AB - The relationship between the degree of portal hypertension measured by the corrected sinusoidal pressure (CSP), the size of varices graded endoscopically, the risk of variceal hemorrhage and the prognosis following portal decompression were studied in 32 patients with cirrhosis demonstrated by examination of a biopsy specimen. The CSP was no different in patients with large-sized versus small or moderate-sized varices. CSP was of no discriminant value in patients with bleeding versus nonbleeding varices and, furthermore, was of no prognostic value in patients requiring operative portal decompression. The risk of variceal bleeding was highest in patients with large-sized varices. We conclude, therefore, that CSP measurements have little if any therapeutic or prognostic importance in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension or gastrointestinal bleeding. CSP may, however, be useful in establishing extrahepatic or presinusoidal causes of portal hypertension. PMID- 6975088 TI - MHC restriction and T cell receptors. PMID- 6975086 TI - Lymphocyte studies in pemphigus. PMID- 6975089 TI - The influence of autologous erythrocytes on active T-cells rosetting with sheep red blood cells and on DNA synthesis. AB - The addition of autologous erythrocytes to a mixture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) alters the spontaneous rosetting reaction in the test detecting the active fraction of T lymphocytes (ARFC). Increase in rosetting is more often observed in mixtures containing smaller human red blood cell: lymphocyte ratios, while inhibition occurred in those containing a higher ratio. Autologous erythrocytes also affected DNA synthesis when added to three-day lymphocyte cultures, unstimulated or stimulated with BCG. These effects were more strongly pronounced when phagocytic cells were removed from lymphocytes tested. PMID- 6975090 TI - Cellular regulation of nonspecific (nonantigenic) B lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6975091 TI - Presence of monocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated glomerulonephritis: marker study and significance. AB - The presence and significance of monocytes in the glomerular lesions of 13 renal specimens obtained from ten patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated nephritis were studied. The monocytes were identified by the presence of intracytoplasmic lysozyme, as demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining on paraffin-embedded tissue. Eight specimens obtained from six patients displayed monocytes. These were found most often associated with mesangial hypercellularity, and their appearance fluctuated with it. There was a positive correlation between the number of lysozyme-positive cells and the amount of proteinuria. We conclude that monocytes contribute to the endocapillary hypercellularity and affect protein filtration in lupus nephritis. PMID- 6975092 TI - Analytical study for separation of middle molecules. AB - A 3-step chromatography procedure was employed to perform a profiling analysis of middle molecular substances accumulating in uremia serum. In the first step, gel chromatography on Sephadex G-15 columns (8 x 100 cm) was performed, and the two peak fractions (3,4) appearing near the vitamin B12 elution position were taken, lyophilized, and rechromatography on Bio-Gel P-4 (super fine) column was undertaken on each. The peak 3 from Sephadex G-15 was further fractionated on Bio Gel P-4 into 4 peaks (a, b, c, d). Moreover, the peak 4 was fractionated into a further two peaks, d and e. Using reversed-phase chromatography on Nucleosil 5C18 (0.4 x 20 cm) with Bio-Gel P-4, the peaks for approximately 100 middle molecules have been separated. It is considered that, through structural determination of each of these middle molecule peaks, their possible toxicity can be ascertained and that the substances to be removed clinically can be clarified. PMID- 6975093 TI - In vitro frog sural nerve test: a monitor for detecting neurotoxin solutes. AB - In order to evaluate the in vitro neurotoxicity of MM fractions obtained by chromatographic analytical methods from plasma of uremic polyneuropathic patients and urine of healthy subjects, we performed an in vitro test on isolated frog sural nerve. The nerve is incubated in various media and stimulated by a rectangular shock (0.05ms, 1Hz, intensity supramaximal). Action potential are recorded. Results were expressed by the inhibition index Ii = 1 divided by t 1/2 x 100 where t 1/2 is the time (in min) necessary to reduce the 1/2 the spike amplitude. When the nerve is immerged in Ringer solution or plasma of healthy subjects Ii congruent to 0. Among MM fractions obtained by gel chromatography Sephadex G-15 from uremic polyneuropathic subjects' plasma and healthy subjects' urine, only fraction b gives a positive response (Ii congruent to 0.86 +/- 0.02, n = 4). From the 6 sub-fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography DEAE Sephadex A-25 of fraction b, only sub-fraction b4-2 exhibits a reduction of the spike amplitude, Ii = 0.54 when concentration b4-2 is 6 mg/L, Ii = 1.30 when b4-2 plasma concentration is 14 mg/L. These values increase with the severity of neurologic symptoms. A positive correlation was found between Ii and various b4-2 concentrations of standard solutions and plasma ultrafiltrate (y = 0.089x + 0.046, r = 0.890, n = 13). In vitro sural nerve test demonstrated its sensitivity as a tool for monitoring analytical and preparative procedures developed for isolation of neurotoxic solutes. PMID- 6975094 TI - The intelligence of hydrocephalic children. AB - In a group of 78 children with hydrocephalus in the first months of life, the level and pattern of intelligence were considered in relation to various parameters and symptoms of their condition. These included demography (age, sex, handedness); early developmental status; symptoms (visual, motor, and seizure); formative pathology; type of hydrocephalus; site of CSF obstruction; extent and configuration of cortical thinning; and shunt treatment. The common outcome of early hydrocephalus is an uneven growth of intelligence during childhood, with nonverbal intelligence developing less well than verbal intelligence. The origin of this selective cognitive deficit is in neither the hydrocephalic condition itself nor its treatment, but rather in the developmental brain anomalies and symptoms to which the hydrocephalic child is prone: In children with aqueduct blocks and intraventricular hydrocephalus, a selectively thin vertex and occipital lobe; in any hydrocephalic child, ocular abnormalities, motor deficits, and seizures. PMID- 6975095 TI - Ventricular enlargement after closed head injury. AB - To study the relationship between enlargement of the cerebral ventricles and neuropsychological deficit after closed head injury (CHI), we measured the area of the lateral ventricles on computed tomographic scans obtained at least 30 days after severe CHI in 32 young adults and a control group of similar age. Enlargement of the lateral ventricles was demonstrated in 72% of the head-injured subjects, as defined by the ventricle-brain percent ratio (VBR). Ventricular dilation was related to the duration of coma after high-speed motor vehicle accidents and to intellectual and memory defects. The VBR may be a useful index of the severity of brain damage in certain categories of head-injured patients. PMID- 6975096 TI - Bitot's spots responsive and nonresponsive to vitamin A. Clinicopathologic correlations. AB - Conjunctival biopsy specimens from patients with Bitot's spot responsive and nonresponsive to vitamin A were studied by light and electron microscopy. In both types, the lesions demonstrated keratinization with granular cells, irregular maturation, inflammatory infiltration of the conjunctival substantia propria, and loss of goblet cells. Only in the responsive cases were these changes generalized. Prominent Bitot's spots represented massive accumulations of Gram positive bacilli and keratin debris. Responsive cases improved histologically within seven days of treatment, and goblet cells began to return within two weeks. These results support our previous suggestions that there is little basis for attempting to differentiate, clinically, between the two types of lesions and that at least some nonresponsive lesions represent a persistent metaplastic change induced during a prior episode of vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 6975097 TI - Endophthalmitis therapy. PMID- 6975099 TI - Primary and secondary electron transfer in hexane-solubilized proteolipid complexes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26. PMID- 6975098 TI - Interleukin 2 production by alloantigen (H-2) activated T cells. AB - H-2 alloantigen-activated T cells release Interleukin 2 in response to a secondary stimulus by either Concanavalin A or alloantigen. No detectable lymphokine is released in the absence of secondary stimulation and, in the case of alloantigen restimulation, lymphokine release is antigen-specific. Once formed, however, the lymphokine shows no antigen specificity in its action. Like the precursor of the cytotoxic T cell, the precursor of the Interleukin 2 producing T cell requires two signals for its activation; alloantigen and a source of costimulator activity. Once activated, T cells will release lymphokine in response to alloantigen alone. PMID- 6975100 TI - Low molecular weight mitogenic factor produced by BRL-3A cultured rat liver cells. PMID- 6975101 TI - Uptake of 5'-deoxy-5'-S-isobutyl thioadenosine into chick embryo fibroblasts. PMID- 6975102 TI - Inhibitory action of bepridil (CERM-1978) on calcium binding to cardiac sarcolemma of guinea pig. PMID- 6975103 TI - Analogs of 2'-deoxyadenosine: facile enzymatic preparation and growth inhibitory effects on human cell lines. PMID- 6975104 TI - [Use of the problem-oriented medical record]. PMID- 6975106 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 4-((7-chloro quinolyl)amino)acylamides]. PMID- 6975105 TI - [Synthesis of the o-carbamoylphenyl ester of thiamine monophosphate]. PMID- 6975107 TI - [Oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue as a bursa-equivalent structure: embryological and clinical considerations]. AB - If we examine with an ontogenetic viewpoint the tissues giving origin to both thymus and avian bursa of Fabricius, we can't ignore that they are primary lymphoid organs connected to areas of ecto-entodermic junctions. They have a strong development in the embryonic life while tending to regress in the adult. The analysis of the organogenesis clarifies this affirmation. In the human cephalic district we know of various ectoentodermic stratification areas: the branchial pockets and the Remake pharyngeal membrane. The oral-pharyngeal lymphoid tissue is histogenetically linked to the stem-cells of the marrow which migrate to occupy an initially ecto-entodermic milieu. Structural and ontogenetic analogies of embryological nature lead to an identification of the oral pharyngeal lymphoid tissue in man with the avian bursa of Fabricius. Therefore we deem it very indicative that a humoral immunological deficiency syndrome appears in subjects with the atrophy of the Waldeyer ring; above all considering that an experimental model of the humoral immunological deficit has been reproduced in chicken surgically or hormonally bursectomized. PMID- 6975108 TI - [Restoration of the humoral immune response in mice immunosuppressed by treatment with di-M-PGE2]. PMID- 6975109 TI - [T-lymphocyte subpopulations in old age]. AB - The subpopulation of lymphocytes were studied in 25 subjects old age and in 20 adult subjects as control. The results demonstrate an appreciable difference in the percentage of rosettes values at +4 degrees C for 18 hours between the old age subjects (mean value 83,5%) and the control subjects (mean value 66,2%). It is difficult to interpret these variations but it is possible that there is a different distribution on the cell membrane of lymphocyte T for the receptors for SRBC. The probable relation ship with variations of the citoskeleton and more specifically the distribution of the "Tubuline". PMID- 6975110 TI - [The immunity of senescence. Study of lymphocytes in vitro. I: Rosette forming lymphocytes]. AB - E and EAC rosettes forming lymphocytes were evaluated in 25 elderly subjects (mean age 84.76 years) without manifestations of neoplastic or infectious diseases. The percentage of E rosettes appeared within the normal range in about 50 per cent of cases and below normal in remaining 50 per cent. No evident sex related differences were observed. The percentage of EAC rosettes showed a larger distribution of values. In fact, 56 per cent of cases fell within normal limits, 26 per cent was higher and 20 per cent lower than normal. Our results are in agreement with the data reported in the most recent literature, which indicates that the main target of immune system senescence is the T-cell population, while B cells do not show significant age-related variations. The significant number of cases with percentages of EAC rosettes higher than normal may be attributed to the failure of immune homeostatic mechanisms normally exerted by T cell subpopulations. Further studies on several immune system functions in advanced age are in progress. PMID- 6975111 TI - Canine transmissible venereal sarcoma: distribution of T and B lymphocytes in blood, draining lymph nodes and tumours at different stages of growth. AB - The levels of T, B and null lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, draining lymph nodes, and tumour masses at different growth stages in dogs transplanted with canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS) were determined by immunofluorescence techniques. The tumours were classified at excision into "progressor", "steady state", and "regressor" stages of growth. The percentage of B cells in the lymphocytes infiltrating into the progressively growing tumours (n = 10, 37.3 +/- 7.4%) was significantly higher (P less than 0.025) than that in regressing tumours (n = 21, 26.1 +/- 1.9%). In contrast, the percentage of T cells in the lymphocytes infiltrating into the regressing tumours (n = 21, 61.2 +/- 2.6%) was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than that in the progressively growing tumours (n = 10, 34.0 +/- 5.1%). The tumours at the steady state growth stage (n = 9) had 50.8 +/- 5.7% infiltrating T-cells, which was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than the progressors and lower (P less than 0.005) than the regressors. The percentage of null cells of progressors (n = 10, 26.0 +/- 6.9%) was significantly (P less than 0.025) higher than in regressors (n = 21, 13.5 +/- 2.9%). The draining lymph nodes of progressor dogs (n = 5) had significantly fewer (P less than 0.025) B cells (8.2 +/- 2.3%) than in normal (n = 5, 16.1 +/- 3.1%), regressors (n = 12, 19.1 +/- 1.7%) and steady state dogs (n = 5, 15.8 +/- 2.6%). Although there was slight lymphopenia and fluctuation of null cells, no significant differences in T- and B-lymphocyte levels were noted in the peripheral blood of the tumour dogs (n = 44) studied. PMID- 6975112 TI - Mechanism of pulmonary alveolar injury in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat. AB - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was produced in rats by the administration of corticosteroids and the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane was studied, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as an ultrastructural marker. The alveolar-capillary membrane was impermeable to HRP at 4 weeks of corticosteroid treatment as well as in control rats. However, by 7 weeks, when the Type I pneumocyte started to show degenerative changes, HRP leaked through the capillary endothelium, indicating changes in the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane. We conclude that this increased permeability is the first change which triggers the subsequent degeneration of the Type I pneumocyte. The possible pathogenesis of this increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane is discussed in relation to the organism's attachment to the alveolar epithelium. PMID- 6975113 TI - Kinetics of Haemophilus influenzae type B infection in normal and ribosome immunized mice using intraperitoneal and intracerebral routes of inoculation. AB - The kinetics of infection was studied in normal and ribosome-immunized mice challenged with Haemophilus influenzae Type b organisms. Ribosomal preparations extracted by the differential-centrifugation and sodium-dodecyl-sulphate treatment or ammonium-sulphate-precipitation procedures were highly immunoprotective when mice were challenged by the i.p. route. After i.p. injections, organisms rapidly spread to blood, liver, lungs and brain in normal and immunized mice. However, by 24 h after injection, evidence of organism clearance could be seen in immunized mice. By 32 h organisms were cleared from blood, brain and lungs of all immunized mice and from spleens in 2 of 3 mice. However, organisms persisted in high numbers of unimmunized mice until their death by 48 h. These data indicate that i.p. injections of H. influenzae mixed with gastric mucin leads to a true infection and can be used as a model to evaluate immunoprotective activity. The kinetics of infection induced by intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation also was studied. The LD50 for this type of infection was more than 1000 times the LD50 for i.p. infection. The patterns of infection induced by i.c. challenge were similar in normal and immunized mice and immunoprotection could not be detected using this model. PMID- 6975114 TI - Long-term abnormalities in T and B lymphocyte function in children following treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - T and B lymphocyte function as assessed by pokeweed mitogen stimulation and concanavalin A suppression was studied in 40 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who were in remission and off all treatment. Both plasma cell and immunoglobulin production was reduced in off-treatment patients, particularly in those who had received cyclophosphamide as part of their treatment. The ability to suppress immunoglobulin production was also significantly reduced in these patients. These abnormalities were long-standing and were apparent up to 5 years after stopping treatment with no indication of a return to normality. No clinical correlations have been observed. PMID- 6975115 TI - Sensitivity of acute myeloid leukaemia cells to colony stimulating activity: relation to response to chemotherapy. AB - Agar cultures of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells were used to determine the sensitivity of AML clone forming cells to the specific regulator granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating activity (CSA). The mean CSA threshold (amount of CSA required to stimulate 0.5 of the clone forming cells) of 27 different AML cell samples varied from normal to an approximately nine-fold increase in CSA requirement. The degree of sensitivity to CSA at presentation was found to be closely correlated to the response to induction chemotherapy in 15 patients. There was a highly significant correlation (P less than 0.001) between the mean CSA threshold and the number of courses of chemotherapy required to induce remission. Also, an increased mean CSA threshold at presentation was associated with a significantly slower decline of marrow blasts following the first course of chemotherapy and a reduced remission rate. Sensitivity to CSA was closely related to the clone size achieved in maximally stimulated cultures of AML cells and this in turn also related to the remission rate and ease with which remission was achieved (presentation marrows, 39 patients). Possible reasons for the linking of these two functional properties of AML cells and their relation to response to chemotherapy will be discussed. PMID- 6975116 TI - Circulating immune complexes in human acute leukaemia. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the sera of 60 newly diagnosed leukaemic patients were investigated by two methods, 125I-C1q binding test (C1q-BA) and conglutinin binding assay (KgB-SP). Positivity percentages were respectively 20.0% (C1q-BA) and 28.3% (KgB-SP). The small overlap between the results of the two methods suggests the occurrence of different types of CIC. The presence of CIC was found to be related only to clinical haemorrhage and thrombocytopenia; it did not prove to affect the prognosis and the survival of leukaemic patient. PMID- 6975117 TI - Histone variant composition of normal and leukaemic human lymphocytes: analysis by gel electrophoresis of whole cells and nuclei. AB - The histone variant composition of normal and leukaemic lymphocytes was analysed using a method which circumvented endogenous cellular proteolysis. Whole cells were solubilized in buffer containing protamine which released the histones from the DNA and allowed their immediate analysis by Triton X-100-acetic acid-urea gel electrophoresis. The results were comparable to those obtained with histones which had been acid-extracted from cells, nuclei or chromatin; however, the new method was more reproducible since proteolysis was controlled. By histone variant analysis, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients could be separated into two groups. One group had lymphocytes with a histone H2a variant ratio of about 1.0; this finding resembled lymphocytes (75-85% T cells) from normal individuals. The larger group had lymphocytes with a reproducibly lower histone H2a variant ratio; these cells had a relative increase in the second variant, H2a.2. The groups of patients could not be distinguished by clinical disease state. No other differences were noted in the histone variant composition of lymphocytes from normal and leukaemic individuals. PMID- 6975119 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: a medical review. AB - Patients with herpes zoster undergo extensive screening to detect underlying malignant disease which is compromising their immunity. In a retrospective survey of 1000 patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus 12 patients had malignant disease which was known on presentation. No new cases were detected or discovered on follow-up. Three patients developed a disseminated rash, but none of these had an underlying malignant disease. PMID- 6975118 TI - Racial differences in ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. AB - Several investigators have reported defective ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) in individuals whose red blood cells contain sickle haemoglobin, but the race of control subjects in these studies was not stated. Therefore, maximal amplitude of RIPA was examined in 75 normal whites and blacks, of 16 of whom had sickle trait defined by haemoglobin electrophoresis and sickle prep. Final ristocetin concentrations in platelet rich plasma were 1.1, 1.2 and 1.5 mg/ml. Mean aggregation at 1.1 mg/ml was significantly less in blacks (mean 31%) than in whites (mean 72%) (P less than 0.001). 60% of blacks but only 11% of whites had less than 50% RIPA at 1.1 mg/ml. RIPA was entirely absent in 19% of blacks. Differences in RIPA between black and white subjects were also present at ristocetin concentrations of 1.2 and 1.5 mg/ml but were less striking. RIPA in 25 children with homozygous sickle cell anaemia was similar to that in the normal AA and AS blacks. Differences in RIPA could not be explained by age, sex, presence of sickle haemoglobin, or medications. Addition of normal plasma or platelets did not correct reduced RIPA in seven blacks, and their plasma inhibited normal RIPA responses. Reduced platelet aggregation to low concentrations of ristocetin is a normal finding in many blacks, is not related to the presence of sickle haemoglobin, and appears to be due to a plasma inhibitor against RIPA. PMID- 6975120 TI - Structure elucidation of marker glycolipids of alloantigen-activated murine T lymphocytes. AB - DBA/2 mouse spleen cells were stimulated in vitro by (a) alloantigen (mitomycin treated CBA/J splenocytes), (b) the T cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A), and (c) the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cultures were pulsed for 10 h with (14)C-labeled galactose and glucosamine. Radiolabeled glycosphingolipids (GSL's) were extracted from the cells and the neutral GSL's isolated and analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Two of the radioactive neutral GSL's, 9 and 12a, were found to be prominent in the alloantigen-stimulated cells but not in T cells stimulated by Con A. GSL 9 was also present as a minor component in LPS-stimulated B lymphocytes. GSL's 9 and 12a were purified by preparative column chromatography on Iatrobeads. The sequence and anomeric linkages of the carbohydrate moiety of these glycolipids were determined by successive degradation with exoglycosidases. The structures were shown to be Gal(alpha1-x)Gal(beta1-x)GlcCer (glycolipid 9) and GalNAc(beta1-x)Gal(alpha1 x)Gal(beta1-x)GlcCer (glycolipid 12a), respectively. The latter glycolipid may serve as a marker for alloantigen-activated T cell subpopulations. PMID- 6975121 TI - Phospholipid topography of the photosynthetic membrane of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The topography of phospholipids in the photosynthetic membranes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was investigated by using purified chromatophores and spheroplast-derived vesicles (SDVs). Chromatophores are closed vesicles oriented inside out with respect to the cytoplasmic membrane (cytoplasmic side out) and obtained from French-pressed cell lysates. SDVs are oriented right side out (periplasmic side out) and are obtained after osmotic lysis of lysozyme treated cells. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) comprised approximately 62% and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) comprised approximately 33% of the total phospholipid of both vesicle preparations. The relatively membrane impermeable reagent trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS) at 3 mM concentration and 5 degrees C modified chromatophore and SDV PE with kinetics indicating the occurrence of fast- and slow-reacting pools of PE. The fast-reacting pools comprised 33% and 55% of the total PE of chromatophores and SDVs, respectively. The slow-reacting pools comprised 61% and 32% of the total PE of chromatophores and SDVs, respectively. Phospholipase A2 treatment of chromatophores (1 unit/mg of vesicle protein) for 1 h at 37 degrees C resulted in hydrolysis of 73% and 77% of the total PG and PE, respectively. Similar enzyme treatment of SDVs resulted in 14% and 60% hydrolysis of the total PG and PE, respectively. Phospholipase A2 treatment inhibited 60% of the succinate dehydrogenase activity of chromatophores but only 8% of the activity of SDVs, indicating the membrane impermeability of phospholipase A2. Incubation of chromatophores for 10 min with 3 mM TNBS at 5 degrees C and then treatment with phospholipase A2 for 10 min and 1 h resulted in the hydrolysis of 10% and 61%, respectively, of unmodified PE. The results indicate asymmetric distributions of PE polar head groups (32-33% cytoplasmic side, 55-61% periplasmic side) and PG (73% cytoplasmic side, 14% periplasmic side) across the membrane. Also, a rapid and unidirectional transbilayer movement of PE polar head groups from the periplasmic to cytoplasmic surfaces of the membrane appears to occur during phospholipase A2 hydrolysis on the chromatophore surfaces. PMID- 6975122 TI - Purification of HLA-A2 antigen, fluorescent labeling of its intracellular region, and demonstration of an interaction between fluorescently labeled HLA-A2 antigen and lymphoblastoid cell cytoskeleton proteins in vitro. PMID- 6975124 TI - Induction of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver of Rana catesbeiana tadpole treated with 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and undergoing natural metamorphosis. AB - The rates of synthesis and degradation of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP: oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating), EC 4.1.1.32) in the liver of tadpoles in the two developmental stages (stages VIII and XXII), and in those treated with 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, were studied by immunochemical techniques. The rate of synthesis of the enzyme was found to be accelerated at 9 h and 6 days after triiodothyronine administration and also during natural metamorphic climax. No difference was observed in the degradation rate of the enzyme between the tadpoles in the two stages, VIII and XXII. PMID- 6975123 TI - Acidification and sodium entry in frog skin epithelium. AB - Acidification of the external medium by isolated frog skin epithelium (Rana catesbeiana, Rana temporaria, and Caudiververa caudiververa) and its relationship to Na+ uptake was studied. Acidification was measured by the pH-stat technique under short-circuit or open-circuit conditions. The results of this study demonstrate that (a) acidification by these species of in vitro frog skins is not directly coupled to Na+ or anion transport; (b) acidification can be inhibited by the diuretic drug amiloride, but only at high external Na+ concentrations; (c) acidification rate in these species of frog skin is controlled in part by the metabolic production of CO2; and (d) the positive correlation between net Na+ absorption and net acidification observed in whole animal studies could not be replicated in the in vitro skin preparation, even when the frogs were first chronically stressed by salt depletion, a physiological state comparable to that used in the in vivo experiments. PMID- 6975125 TI - Temperature-sensitive binding of solid phase C1q to aggregated human immunoglobulin G. AB - The first component of complement (C1q) coupled to Sepharose by cyanogen bromide was found not to bind aggregated human gamma-globulin or immune complexes at room temperature, whereas at 4 degrees C binding was nearly complete. The temperature sensitivity of solid phase C1q binding was reversible. Elution of aggregated human gamma-globulin bound at 42 degrees C was possible by raising the temperature to 23 degrees C. However, free C1q or C1q adsorbed onto polystyrene balls could bind immune complex-like material at both 23 and 4 degrees C. The conformational restraints of C1q covalently coupled to a solid support may not allow functional activity at elevated temperatures. PMID- 6975126 TI - Interaction of collagen with C1q via its collagen-like portion. AB - Interactions between human collagens type I, II and III with human C1q or its collagen-like fragment (CLF) were investigated with different techniques. It was found that in solution both C1q and CLF form stable complexes with the native collagens. No preferential binding to a specific collagen type was observed. If C1q (CLF) was adsorbed to polystyrene or fixed to erythrocytes, a more efficient interaction with collagen was displayed by C1q than by CLF. If collagen represents the solid phase, the binding of CLF is stronger than that of C1q. Inhibition studies indicate that the interaction between C1q and collagens takes place via the collagen-like part of C1q. Intermolecular attraction due to polar amino acid residues seems to be of major importance for this interaction. PMID- 6975128 TI - L5H tryptophan in the cerebellar syndrome treatment. PMID- 6975127 TI - [Coordination-ionic enzyme immobilization. Dependence of properties of immobilized preparations of penicillinamidohydrolase on the nature of metal ion and stationary ligand]. AB - Penicillinamidohydrolase was immobilized on heteroporous polystyrene supports containing groups of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine, using Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Co(III) ions. The effects of substrate concentrations and pH on the activity of the immobilized enzyme were investigated and the kinetic parameters of hydrolysis were determined, using N-phenacetylphenylglycine as substrate. The enzyme immobilization resulted in a slight decrease of Km(app), while the values of V decreased by a factor of two. Preparations possessing high thermal stability were obtained by oxidation of Co(II) to Co(III) in the enzyme sorption complex. High stability was also found for the Fe(III)-containing preparations. PMID- 6975129 TI - The influence of the thymus on precursor T cells. AB - The influence of the thymus on its bone marrow precursors was investigated: T cell differentiation was studied in irradiated mice reconstituted with bone marrow from thymectomized donors. Up to twelve months after TX the influx of precursors and differentiation into T cells were not changed in the recipients. CFU-s determination of bone marrow and spleen from thymectomized animals did not show a change in numbers but during ageing a shift of the E/G ratio was observed in thymectomized as well as control donors. PMID- 6975130 TI - [Reflex suppression of evoked nociceptive responses in the parafascicular complex and posterior ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus in cats during electroacupuncture]. AB - Acute experiments on cats have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) of auricular points inhibits the amplitude of evoked potentials (EP) induced by noxious stimulation of the tooth pulp in the parafascicular complex and the posterior ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus. The amplitude of evoked potentials in the parafascicular complex was inhibited by 70% of the control level, the effect lasting 40--50 min and being recovered by the control level in the next 50 min. The amplitude of evoked potentials in the posterior ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus was inhibited by 50% of the control level, the effect lasting 30 min, followed by the recovery to the control level in the next 20--30 min. The amplitude of EP induced by tactile stimulation of the mouth lip was not appreciably affected by EA. It is suggested that varying degrees of the inhibition of evoked nociceptive responses in specific and non-specific areas of the thalamus are determined by the features of functional organization of the afferent inputs. PMID- 6975131 TI - [Effect of met- and leu-enkephalins and their synthetic analog on stimulation and acupunture analgesia]. AB - Experiments on unrestrained rats were carried out to study the effect of intraventricularly injected met- and leu-enkephalins and their synthetic analog Tyr-dAla-Cly-Phe-NH2 on analgesia induced by electrical stimulation of the central gray. It was shown that subanalgesic doses of enkephalins and their synthetic analog facilitated the appearance of analgesic action on subthreshold antinociceptive-brain stimulation and potentiated the analgesic effect of threshold central gray stimulation. Subanalgesic and low analgesic doses of the peptides increased antinociceptive effect of electroacupuncture. The data obtained are discussed from the standpoint of the implication of the peptidergic mechanisms in the realization of acupuncture and stimulation analgesia. PMID- 6975132 TI - [Increase in the number of antibody-secreting cells and cells secreting non specific immunoglobulins following mouse immunization with T-dependent and T independent antigens]. AB - BALB/c mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells (T-dependent antigen) or with Vi-antigen Salmonella typhi (T-independent antigen). The kinetics of the development of antibody-forming and nonspecific immunoglobulin-forming cells (AFC and nIFC) was examined. It was shown that both antigens induce an increase in the nIFC number. The time course of AFC and nIFC growth during the primary and secondary immune responses appeared to be similar. Simultaneous injection of both antigens resulted in the formation of nIFC in an amount which was equal to the total number of nIFC formed in response to the antigens injected alone. It is concluded that T-dependent and T-independent antigens induced the differentiation of varying populations of nIFC precursors. PMID- 6975134 TI - [Redistribution of populations of T- and B-lymphocytes among lymphoid organs in response to hydrocortisone]. AB - Single injection of hydrocortisone to guinea-pigs provoked a remarkable transitory T-lymphocytopenia with transition of T- lymphocytes into the bone marrow during the early stages. On the contrary, the content of B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood gradually rose and exceeded the normal level twice as much by the end of the first day. Histological analysis did not reveal any signs of massive destruction of lymphocytes. It is suggested that the redistribution mechanism lies at the basis of changes in the lymphocyte population ratio induced by corticosteroid administration. PMID- 6975133 TI - [Relation between N-nitrosodimethylamine dose and its oncogenic effect in grassfrogs: new subject of experimental oncology]. PMID- 6975135 TI - [Collector system of the thymus]. AB - A method of silver impregnation of the microcirculatory bed was used to disclose in thick sections (30-80 micrometers) of the guinea-pig thymus cortical zone a vascular network consisting of arteriolo-capillaro-venular loops resembling those seen in the derma papillary layer. The arteriolar and venular loops belong to the cortical zone, whereas the capillary loops lie in the corticomedullary zone. Since the cortical layer demonstrates a local distinctly marked histohematic barrier, poorly accessible for lymphocytes with the capillary loop wall being readily permeable, the lymphoid cells, before egress from the organ, travel across the entire cortical layer where they undergo influences of numerous differentiation factors over a certain period of time. It is assumed that the microcirculatory network disclosed is the basis for the thymus collector system responsible for egress of mature T cells from the organ. PMID- 6975137 TI - Characterization of the phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferating lymphocyte subpopulations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients using a clonogenic agar technique and monoclonal antibodies. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell type, were purified into T, helper T, and suppressor T lymphocytes by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies. The maximum response of the purified subpopulations to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was determined by measuring the production of colonies when the stimulated cells were grown on agar. The helper T cells in normal and CLL patients were the most responsive to PHA stimulation, although the responsiveness of helper T cells to PHA was decreased in CLL. Purified CLL B cells responded minimally to PHA stimulation, but normal B lymphocytes did not. The abnormal response of CLL lymphocytes to PHA appears to be due abnormal helper T cells, and, to a smaller extent, to the ability of CLL B lymphocytes to respond. PMID- 6975138 TI - Existence of a pool of T-lymphocyte colony-forming cells (T-CFC) in human bone marrow and their place in the differentiation of the T-lymphocyte lineage. AB - The existence and characteristics of bone marrow T-cell progenitors have not yet been established in man. Several pieces of evidence such as the reconstitution of certain immunodeficiencies by bone marrow graft suggest that T-cell precursors are present in the bone marrow. We report the growth of T-cell colonies from bone marrow populations using PHA-stimulated lymphocyte-conditioned medium containing T-cell growth factor (TCGF). Rosetting experiments and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays with monoclonal antibodies indicate that the bone marrow T colony-forming cells (T-CFC) are E- OKT 3- and la+, i.e., immature progenitors. The colonies derived from these cells have the phenotype of mature T cells: E + OKT 3 + la- with either helper (OKT 4+) and suppressor (OKT 8 +) antigens. These results suggest that a thymic microenvironment may not be necessary for the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of the T-cell lineage in adult humans. These methodologies may permit direct investigation of early phenomena concerning the T-cell lineage, such as the acquisition of self-tolerance, the formation of a repertoire of specificities, and the HLA restriction phenomena that we believe takes place before the thymic maturation. PMID- 6975136 TI - Effect of 2'-deoxycoformycin on erythroid, granulocytic, and T-lymphocyte colony growth. AB - The finding of elevated intracellular levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in some patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia has led to attempts to control this disease with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF). Because of clinical reports indicating its relative freedom from myelotoxicity, we have tested the effects of this drug on erythroid, granulocytic, and T-lymphocyte colony formation by normal marrow and peripheral blood cells. While clinically the drug has been found to be active at serum concentrations of approximately 10 microM, we have tested it at concentrations up to and including 1 mM. It was found that both erythroid and granulocytic colony growth was completely unaffected by 1 mM dCF, a concentration at least 2 magnitudes higher than that necessary to totally ablate intracellular ADA levels. T-lymphocyte colony growth was unaffected by 100 microM dCF, but at 1 mM some inhibition was observed. These findings therefore indicate that dCF, while able to cause leukemic cell lysis in vivo, has no inhibitory effect on the proliferative capacity of normal hematopoietic cells. PMID- 6975139 TI - Nonspecific esterases of the formed elements: zymograms produced by pH 9.5 polyarcrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - The formed elements of human blood each contain multiple isoenzymes of nonspecific esterase that hydrolyze short chain alpha naphthyl esters. Zymograms that are characteristic of each type of formed element are obtained by subjecting purified preparations of each to polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5 and subsequent staining of the gels for esterase activity. The most prominent isoenzyme detected is a species of low mobility that is reactive with either acetyl or butyryl esters and is highly sensitive to inhibition by 40 mM sodium fluoride. Also detected are several major acetyl esterases and a single butyryl esterase, all of which are relatively fluoride resistant. The intercellular distribution of isoenzymes varies from element-specific to pancellular. The prominent fluoride-sensitive acetyl, butyryl esterase, is the major isoenzyme of monocyte zymograms, which is consistent with the well known cytochemistry of monocytes. Lesser but significant amount (2%-3% of monocyte levels) of this isoenzyme were also detected in granulocyte zymograms. This system may prove useful in the study of differentiation of blood cells and in the classification of acute leukemias. PMID- 6975140 TI - Immunological phenotypes of human leukemias of the B-cell lineage. AB - The recent results are summarized of some immunological studies of various human leukemias of the B-cell lineage. The study of pre-B leukemias has outlined the diversity of immunoglobulin expression in leukemic cells resembling B-lymphocyte precursors and has provided insights into the biology of the progenitors of hematopoietic cells. Acute leukemia with Burkitt cells represents a very homogeneous group close to classical Burkitt's lymphoma. Mitogens are able to induce in vitro differentiation of leukemic cells from chronic lymphocytic-B leukemia and from hairy cell leukemia. Hairy cells become able to express new phenotypic characteristics after stimulation by phytohemagglutinin. PMID- 6975141 TI - Incidence and phenotypic heterogeneity of Moloney virus-induced leukemias: a multigenic control. AB - The incidence of leukemias was established in mice of different inbred strains inoculated with Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV), and a complex genetic control was found. To characterize the different steps of the host-virus relationship further, the degree of viremia, the appearance of leukemia, organ involvement, and the surface phenotype of leukemic cells were studied in individual mice. The results demonstrate that: a) The viremia was controlled by H-2 and non-H-2 genes. Three H-2 genes located in the I and D or T region of the MHC behave like immune response genes controlling the specific antiviral immune response. Other gene(s) mapped outside the complex also affected the virus production. Both sets of genes influenced leukemia incidence, since leukemias were observed only in highly viremic strains. b) Additional non-H-2 genes, which were not involved in viremia control, were determinants in the induction of malignancies because some sensitive strains do not become leukemic despite high levels of viremia. c) The anatomical type of Moloney virus-induced leukemias varied according to the non-H 2 background. Most of the leukemias arising in B10 congeneic mice involved the thymus and were frequently limited to this organ, whereas BALB mice preferentially developed splenic leukemias. d) In a given inbred strain, the leukemias arising in different animals frequently expressed different phenotypes. It can be concluded that Moloney virus-induced leukemia is a multistep process, viral production being necessary but not sufficient in and of itself to induce a malignant transformation. PMID- 6975142 TI - Growth of human normal and leukemic T cells: T-cell growth factor (TCGF) and the isolation of a new class of RNA tumor viruses (HTLV). AB - A system for routine long-term growth of human mature T-lymphocytes in liquid suspension culture was developed in our laboratory about 5 years ago. This system involves the continuous use of a factor, termed T-cell growth factor (TCGF) for the propagation of T-lymphocytes previously activated by lectin (PHA or Con A) or by antigen. Normal human T cells do not respond to TCGF unless they are first activated to become blast cells by antigen or lectin, presumably because they do not contain TCGF receptors until activated. We think then that TCGF is the physiological growth promoter in the immune response of T-lymphocytes, acting as the second signal (after antigen) in the immune response. These T cells show functional features, e.g., cytotoxic or helper function and other evidence of maturity. By using purified TCGF free of PHA and of lymphokines other than TCGF, we have recently been able to grow routinely neoplastic T cells from patients with leukemias and lymphomas of mature T cells, e.g., from patients with the Sezary syndrome and those with mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell leukemias and lymphomas). Of considerable interest, the neoplastic T cells respond directly to TCGF; unlike normal T Cells they do not require prior in vitro activation with antigen or lectin. This indicates that transformed mature T cells already express TCGF receptors. This may be an important functional difference between normal and transformed human T cells. From some of these new cell lines we have recently isolated a new class of RNA tumor viruses (retroviruses), which we call HTLV. For several reasons we believe these are the first unambiguous isolates of RNA tumor viruses from humans. For instances, we now have data that these new viruses are easily distinguishable from all previously isolated viruses from animals. In addition, we have found antibodies in sera of some patients with these diseases specifically reactive with proteins of these viruses. PMID- 6975143 TI - Differentiation ability of the CLL lymphocyte: an immature lymphocyte or an abnormal leukemic cell? AB - The present study is concerned with the patterns of cell differentiation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Most cases correspond to the proliferation of a B cell clone. In contrast to the normal B-lymphocyte, the B-cell CLL lymphocyte is characterized by: (1) very low amounts of monoclonal surface Ig; (2) the presence of receptors for mouse red blood cells; (3) the presence in a high percentage of cases of dual B and T markers. T-cell CLL is a rare event and is defined by a peculiar clinical and hematological picture including the presence of receptors for sheep erythrocytes, the reactivity with anti-T sera, and negative or very low values of terminal transferase. Different studies have conflicted in their findings on the incidence of null-cell CLL; however, these cases appear to be rare. Perhaps more sensitive methods of study must be employed before concluding that the null-cell CLL exists and before establishing its incidence. Even though great progress has been made in the understanding of this disease, two main questions remain unresolved: 1. Does the proliferating clone correspond to an immature B-lymphocyte, or does it merely represent an abnormal leukemic cell? 2. What is the role of T cells in B-cell CLL? PMID- 6975144 TI - Bepridil (CERM-1978) an verapamil depression of contractions of rabbit aortic rings. AB - Isolated rings (about 1 mm wide) of rabbit ascending aorta were stimulated to contract by norepinephrine (NE), increased extracellular potassium ion concentration, or electrical stimulation. When tested 20 min after addition, bepridil (CERM-1978) (10(-5)-10(-6) M), a new antianginal agent, and verapamil (10(-5)-10(-6) M) depressed the contractile responses to high K+ (30 mM) and NE (10(-6) M). Bepridil was almost as potent as verapamil in this action. Responses to strong electrical field stimulation were not affected by either agent. The depressed responses to NE in Ca-free EGTA-containing solutions were not further affected by bepridil or verapamil. Contractile responses to NE obtained from depolarized tissues, however, were markedly depressed by bepridil. These results suggest that bepridil, like verapamil, acts to inhibit contractions of vascular smooth muscle by decreasing influx of extracellular Ca++. In depolarized vascular smooth muscle, bepridil may also exert an effect to depress contractions supported by intracellular Ca++ release. PMID- 6975146 TI - Guidelines for rheumatic disease management. PMID- 6975145 TI - Effect of acid stress on sodium transport by isolated skins and on osmotic permeability of intact frogs. PMID- 6975147 TI - The localization of bleeding small bowel lesions for conservative resection: a simple radiographic technique. PMID- 6975148 TI - Assessment of exocrine pancreatic function by oral administration of N-benzoyl-L tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (Bentiromide): 5 years' clinical experience. AB - Exocrine pancreatic function was assessed in 588 subjects by oral administration of 1 g of the chymotrypsin-labile peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (Bentiromide) from 1974 to 1979. The pancreatic function test (PFT) was performed in 126 controls, 217 patients with pancreatic diseases, 196 patients with various non-pancreatic gastrointestinal disease, 18 patients with renal disease and 31 patients with various other diagnoses. In 62 of 72 patients (86 per cent) with chronic pancreatitis and in 19 of 25 (76 per cent) with pancreatic carcinoma, the excretion of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in the urine was significantly less than in the controls. In contrast, 328 of 353 controls and patients with non pancreatic diseases (93 per cent) had PABA excretion within normal limits. The sensitivity and specificity of the Bentiromide-test observed in this study is sufficient to detect moderate to severe disturbances of pancreatic exocrine function. The PFT has proved to be an easy and reliable screening test for pancreatic exocrine function in ambulatory as well as in hospitalized patients. PMID- 6975149 TI - Suction drainage complication. PMID- 6975150 TI - Cat medial pontine reticular neurons related to vestibular nystagmus: firing pattern, location and projection. AB - In alert cats, extracellular spikes of neurons in the medial pontine tegmentum were recorded simultaneously with whole nerve discharges of the abducens and medial rectus nerves during horizontal vestibular nystagmus. Nystagmus-related neurons were classified by their firing patterns in relation to the abrupt cessation of the slow phase nerve activity of abducens or medial rectus nerves. The ipsilateral abducens nucleus was electrically stimulated to examine the axonal projections of physiologically identified examples of each category of neurons. Anatomically, pause units clustered near the midline at the rostral pole of the abducens nucleus. Long- and medium-lead burst units were 1-4 mm rostral to the area for pause units. Most burst-tonic units, clearly distinguished from nearby axons of passage, were found close to the MLF. Physiologically, it was concluded that: (1) some long-lead burst units terminate in the abducens nucleus and may excite motoneurons and/or internuclear neurons; (2) pause units directly inhibit burst inhibitory neurons which terminate slow phase activities of contralateral abducens motoneurons; (3) burst-tonic units fire in a manner very similar to contralateral abducens motoneurons; and (4) some medium-lead burst, long-lead burst and burst-tonic neurons (but not pause neurons) project to the cerebellar flocculus. PMID- 6975152 TI - Positional vertigo and nystagmus of central origin. AB - Four cases are described illustrating the clinical features of positional vertigo and nystagmus due to posterior fossa tumors and a case of obstructive hydrocephalus. In these cases positional vertigo was the first and only presenting symptom of central nervous system disease. One case of subependymoma of the fourth ventricle and one with hydrocephalus had characteristic symptoms of benign positional vertigo; each showed positional nystagmus of the benign paroxysmal type. PMID- 6975151 TI - [Hematemesis and melena in children after administration of salicylates (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975153 TI - Pseudolymphoma of the lung: lymphoid subsets in the lung mass and in peripheral blood. AB - Studies of the lymphocyte markers in a case of pseudolymphoma of the lung indicate a non-neoplastic nature of the lymphoid infiltrate. The relative proportions of T and B cells and of the markers for the various subsets of both populations reflect the morphologically mixed character of the cellular infiltrate of the lung mass. Moreover, an imbalance of T cell subsets was observed in the peripheral blood: the numbers of T cells with receptors for IgM (TM) were persistently decreased while an increase of the values of T lymphocytes with receptors for IgG (TG) was noted. In addition an altered immunologic status of the patient was indicated by the in vivo impairment of cellular immunity as demonstrated by the failure to respond to common antigens and to become sensitized to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNBC). PMID- 6975154 TI - "Pure" cutaneous histiocytosis-X. AB - The case histories of two young children who experienced skin rashes involving various areas of the body are reported. The diagnosis of pure cutaneous histiocytosis-X was established after extensive studies revealed no other organ involvement. The patients were treated with oral corticosteroids. Currently, both children are in good health, show no evidence of disease, and have been followed over a four-to-five-year period. Therapy with corticosteroids may not be indicated with pure cutaneous histiocytosis-X unless there is evidence of extracutaneous dissemination or rapid progression of the disease. PMID- 6975155 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma: survival after surgical treatment according to stage, histologic type and immunomorphologic changes in regional lymph nodes. AB - The survival rates of 90 patients who underwent operation for bronchogenic carcinoma were analyzed statistically according to sex, age, tumor stage and histologic type, types of surgical procedures (lobectomy or pneumonectomy), and to immunomorphologic parameters of immunologic activity in peribronchial and hilar lymph nodes. The Stage I group survived significantly longer than did the Stage II and III groups, the lobectomized patients survived significantly longer than the pneumonectomized patients. The absence or presence of lymph node metastases was one of the major determinants of survival. The mean values (percent of total node cut surface) of lymph node sinus histiocytosis and of paracortical area could be correlated directly to survival in each of the histologic tumor-type groups, while the development of follicular cortex and germinal centers correlated inversely with survival. Increased survival might be associated with changes concomitant with immune reactivity in lymph node T-cell areas and with the sinus histiocytosis pattern, the latter representing probably a tumor--host reaction of the delayed hypersensitivity type. By contrast, increased activity of lymph node B-cell areas tended to correlate with poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. Moreover, patterns showing germinal center hyperplasia were statistically associated with lymph node neoplastic invasion, while the pattern with sinus histiocytosis and expanded paracortical areas was statistically associated with tumor-free lymph nodes. PMID- 6975156 TI - Lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia of T-cell origin: ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunologic features of ten cases. AB - Ten cases of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia were studied with light and electron microscopy. Cytochemical strains were performed on touch preparations, and mononuclear cell suspensions were tested for spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes, C3 receptors, and surface immunoglobulins. The present investigation was performed to evaluate several ultrastructural parameters, mainly the nuclear shape, as diagnostic clues for this group of lymphomas. Characteristic convoluted nuclei were present in 7 to 47% of the lymphoblasts. This percentage correlated with the focal acid phosphatase reaction and E-rosette formation. Acid phosphatase was the best cytochemical marker (70-100% of the lymphoblasts showed focal reaction product). By ultrastructural cytochemistry, the reaction product was demonstrated in the Golgi cisternae and primary lysosomes. The cell suspensions obtained from different sources contained 14 to 95% E-rosette-forming cells. No specific morphologic, cytochemical, or immunologic differences were found between patients with or without mediastinal involvement. PMID- 6975157 TI - Lymphocytic lymphoma simulating hairy cell leukemia: a consideration of reliable and unreliable diagnostic features. AB - Morphologic, immunologic and functional characteristics of an unusual poorly differentiated diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma closely resembling hairy cell leukemia are presented and the diagnostic features of the latter disease are reviewed. The malignant cells morphologically resembled hairy cells at the light as well as electron microscopic level. They had surface characteristics of both T and B lymphocytes, were phagocytic, and adhered to glass. The spleen was smooth and resembled that seen in hairy cell leukemia. Although there was a predilection for the red pulp of the spleen, there was a lack of characteristic pseudosinus formation, and areas of predominantly white pulp involvement considered characteristic of lymphocytic lymphoma were found after extensive examination. PMID- 6975158 TI - Predictive ability of Lukes-Collins classification for immunologic phenotypes of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an institutional series and literature review. AB - Tissues from 22 children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were studied pathologically and immunologically. Most children were noted to have marked (B- or T-cell) neoplasms and the Lukes-Collins classification was predictive of immunologic phenotype in cases where markers were present. Our series and a review of the literature demonstrates that most abdominal NHL are B-cell in origin and are often small noncleaved follicular center cell lymphoma (Burkitt type). Most mediastinal primary lesions are T-cell in origin and of convoluted cell morphology. A few neoplasms (often peripheral nodal) lack the characteristic surface immunoglobulin or erythrocyte rosetting properties of B- or T-cell lesions, respectively. Frequently marrow and central nervous system involvement are observed in T-cell lymphomas and are not in frequent in B cell neoplasms. Shared immunologic and clinical features between the B- or T-cell lymphomas and their leukemic counterparts support the concept that they often differ only in the stage of disease progression. PMID- 6975159 TI - Derivation of human T-cell leukemias. AB - Cell surface antigenic changes occur during the stages of T-cell ontogeny in several animal model systems. In the present study, multiple monoclonal antibodies were developed to human thymocyte and T-cell surface differentiation antigens as a means of probing T-cell ontogeny in humans. It was shown that three distinct states of human intrathymic differentiation exist and that the mature inducer (T4+) and suppressor (T5+/TH2+)T-cell subsets arise at specific points during these maturation events. Moreover, T-cell leukemias can now be related to the three stages of the thymic compartment or, alternatively, the more differentiated peripheral T-cell compartment. PMID- 6975160 TI - Definition of the high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient by immunological phenotyping with monoclonal antibodies. AB - An accurate method of classification of the surface membrane characteristics of blast cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia would allow a more definitive study of the nature of this disease. Monoclonal antibodies have been produced to the surface antigens of leukemic blasts form a patient with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Two antibodies of interest were obtained from this immunization. These two, in combination with a monoclonal antibody with anti-Ia specificity, have been used to obtain surface phenotypes for patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Preliminary results indicate that the definition of a high-risk group, using these antibodies, possible. PMID- 6975169 TI - A study on cell-mediated immunity to gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 6975162 TI - A clinical perspective on cell markers in acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Two hundred consecutive new patients, with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) have been studied with a battery of five cell marker assays to determine if a classification system with prognostic significance can be developed; 182 have been classified among four groups as follows: 33 T-cell, 3 B-cell, 126 common, and 20 undifferentiated ALLs. Patients with T-cell disease are likely to have unfavorable clinical prognostic features and a poor response to therapy. Rare patients with B-cell disease are closely related clinically to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Those with common ALL infrequently have unfavorable clinical features and have a superior outcome to that of T-cell patients. Children with undifferentiated markers seem to respond less well to treatment than do those with common ALL, yet may not be identifiable as poor risk by clinical features. What remains to be resolved with further observation is whether these marker patterns are more reliable indicators of prognosis than the usual clinical determinants predisposing to treatment failure (high white blood cell count, mediastinal mass, and central nervous system disease). At the present time, it appears that in the absence of poor-risk clinical prognostic features, patients with common ALL are more likely to have lasting remissions than those with erythrocyte-rosette-positive T-cell disease or those with ALL that is undifferentiated by markers. PMID- 6975164 TI - Relevance of surface markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia to acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The surface membrane of the B-lymphocyte of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been subject to detailed investigation over the past decade. Surface immunoglobulin of low density, punctate in distribution, without the tendency to polar cap formation, and clonal with respect to light and heavy chains, is characteristic. Other B-cell properties include the presence of the Ia antigen and the receptor for the C3d portion of complement. The CLL surface membrane lacks such T-cell attributes as the ability to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and reactivity with anti-T-cell antisera, although T-cells may be increased early in the disorder. CLL is believed to be a proliferation of a B lymphocyte of the medullary cord of the lymph node, although the exact place of this cell in lymphocyte development remains to be clarified. Surface markers are useful in distinguishing classical B-cell CLL from other proliferations of small lymphocytes (lymphosarcoma cell leukemia of follicle-center B-cells, T-cell CLL, Sezary syndrome, and reactive lymphocytosis). PMID- 6975161 TI - Immunological definition of leukemic cell surface phenotypes. AB - Immunological phenotyping of blasts from over 200 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) reveals both interpatient differences and phenotypic heterogeneity in the blast population from individual patients. A battery of five independent lymphocyte differentiation markers, erythrocyte-forming rosettes. T-cell antigens, Ia-like antigens, the common ALL antigen, and surface immunoglobulin, permit classification of all ALL specimens into four major marker groups. These are common, T-cell, B-cell, and undifferentiated ALL. Heterogeneity in the marker phenotypes within each of the major groups is observed. Within individual erythrocyte receptor-positive ALL specimens, phenotypic heterogeneity in the blast population is demonstrated. Sequential determinations of the blast phenotype during periods of active disease reveal a second example of intrapatient blast cell heterogeneity. Differences in phenotype of the dominant blast populations present prior to treatment and at relapse are observed in sequential studies of individual patients. These shifts in phenotype are nonrandom. They result most frequently from losses in single differentiation markers. A unifying hypothesis which explains these observations of phenotypic heterogeneity is that ALL blasts manifest limited lymphoid-like differentiation. PMID- 6975165 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors in lymphoid tumors. AB - There is a range of levels of glucocorticoid receptor numbers seen in the various subclasses of acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL). This variability cannot be explained by the known correlation between active cell proliferation and an increase in the number of receptors, since the tumors with the highest growth fraction (i.e., Burkitt's lymphoma and T-cell leukemia) tend to have lower average receptor numbers than do tumors with lower growth fractions such as common ALL. All clinical specimens from patients with lymphatic leukemia have some measurable level of glucocorticoid receptors; therefore, the resistance seen in vivo cannot be explained by the lack of receptors. However, there has been a positive correlation, in our hands, with receptor level and prognosis. On the basis of in vitro models, it is proposed that perhaps the high receptor cell lines (i.e., common ALL of childhood) have relative stability of their genetic material making glucocorticoid-resistant mutations less likely to occur in patients with these cells than in low-receptor cell lines (i.e., T-cell leukemia). This greater genetic variability in the low-receptor lines could account for the earlier emergence of clinical glucocorticoid resistance in these patients. PMID- 6975163 TI - Southwest Oncology Group experience with immunological phenotyping in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. PMID- 6975166 TI - Reversal of methotrexate toxicity in mice by a calcium salt of citrovorum factor and related compounds. AB - The isolation of citrovorum factor from a chemically prepared mixture of the L(+/ ) diastereoisomers (leucovorin) is described. The natural diastereoisomer was at least twice as effective as leucovorin in reversing methotrexate toxicity in mice. PMID- 6975168 TI - Synergism between trimethoprim and sulfonamide in urine: does it exist? AB - In a randomized, crossover, multiple dose study, ten healthy volunteers received the recommended dosages of cotrimoxazole (80 mg trimethoprim and 400 mg sulfamethoxazole) and co-tri-famole (80 mg trimethoprim and 400 mg sulfamoxole) for five days each. Urinary levels of trimethoprim and each sulfonamide were measured daily for five days. The urinary ratios of trimethoprim and sulfonamide for both formulations were consistently lower than those considered optimal for synergy. Concentration of trimethoprim in the urine from both preparations was found to be greatly in excess of the MIC for trimethoprim-sensitive urinary pathogens (approximately 2 microgram/ml). The sulfonamide levels achieved were not consistently in excess of their MIC (approximately 200 microgram/ml) for either preparation. PMID- 6975167 TI - Intracellular pH vs MgATP2- concentration: relative importance as determinants of Ca 2+ - activated force generation of disrupted rabbit cardiac cells. PMID- 6975170 TI - The immunoregulatory characteristics of the lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV), a common contaminant of tumors. PMID- 6975171 TI - Molecular characterization of pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein synthesized from human placenta. PMID- 6975172 TI - [Osteocalcin--bone non-collagenous GLA-protein (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975173 TI - The mast cells of the mammalian central nervous system. VIII. Uptake of 35S and 3H-5-hydroxytryptophan inside and outside of CNS. PMID- 6975174 TI - In vitro recovery of aptitude for primary immunization by specifically depleted cell populations: induction by a lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6975175 TI - In vitro effects of adenosine deaminase inhibitors on lymphocyte mitogen responsiveness in the mouse. PMID- 6975176 TI - Expression of subregion and haplotype preference for H-2Kk restricted cytotoxic t cell responses in vivi and at the level of the precursor frequencies. PMID- 6975177 TI - Dissociated effects of thymectomy at weaning on T-cell-mediated responses in vitro: correction by the serum thymic factor, FTS, and its analogs. PMID- 6975178 TI - Immunological recognition and effector mechanisms in infectious diseases. AB - In recent years it has become clear that several specialized cell types are involved in the induction of the immune response. The way the antigen is presented to the different cell types may be important in deciding for instance, if a homograft will be rejected or tolerated, or if another antigen will preferentially stimulate antibody or a cell-mediated immune response. Different types of immune response may be desirable or harmful during the course of different infectious diseases. The knowledge of how recognition and effector mechanisms operate in different conditions may help in the production of more effective vaccines. In this article the present knowledge of both antibody and cell-mediated responses is reviewed and recommendations are made for further research. PMID- 6975179 TI - Molluscicides in schistosomiasis control. AB - Although mollusciciding can be a cost-effective method of controlling schistosomiasis transmission, only one organic molluscicide, niclosamide, is now being produced commercially, and only a few compounds are at present being tested in the laboratory. In future, improved cost-effective use of molluscicides will require more precise knowledge of schistosomiasis transmission patterns in each endemic area and improved application techniques. In snail control studies using controlled-release formulations only the organotins, especially tributyltin oxide (TBTO), have given satisfactory long-term results. However, large-scale field trials of organotin formulations have not been implemented and their use cannot be recommended as their chronic toxicity in mammals has not yet been determined. The development of molluscicides of indigenous plant origin deserves support. Endod, derived from the berries of the climbing plant Phytolacca dodecandra, is the most extensively tested plant molluscicide, but data on its chronic toxicity to non-target organisms are lacking. The mode of action of molluscicides has not been extensively studied, though knowledge of the properties required of molluscicidal molecules has contributed to the discovery and development of niclosamide and nicotinanilide. In general, molluscicides probably cause stress on the water balance system, which in gastropods in thought to be under neurosecretory control. PMID- 6975180 TI - [Intestinal Infections due to Campylobacter, Yersinia, Salmonella and Shigella]. PMID- 6975181 TI - [Applicable approaches to the fight against viral respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6975182 TI - Microbiological surveillance of intra-neighbourhood E1 Tor cholera transmission in rural Bangladesh. AB - The apparent failure of handpump tubewells to reduce the incidence of cholera among users in the flooded rural area of Bangladesh has stimulated interest in defining precisely the means of Vibrio cholerae transmission during localized outbreaks. Cholera-infected neighbourhoods were placed under intensive microbiological surveillance to pinpoint contaminated sources and subsequent infections. The results show that cholera transmission was via contaminated surface water, particularly water taken into households for cooking or drinking. Infections resulted from a daily dose not exceeding 10(5) organisms and the frequency of exposure appeared to be a major determinant of the infection rate. The importance of these data in environmental interventions and particularly in the provision of tubewells is discussed. PMID- 6975183 TI - Resistance to antimicrobial agents of Vibrio cholerae E1 Tor strains isolated during the fourth cholera epidemic in the United Republic of Tanzania. AB - Isolates of Vibrio cholerae obtained immediately after the outbreak of the fourth recorded epidemic of cholera in the United Republic of Tanzania were sensitive to tetracycline, but after five months of its extensive therapeutic and prophylactic use, 76% of the isolates were observed to be resistant to this and other antimicrobial agents. The appearance of resistance was found to be due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance plasmids belonging to the C incompatibility complex. Although most plasmid incompatibility groups have been shown to be unstable in V. cholerae, the strains found in the present epidemic seem to carry a plasmid belonging to one of the few relatively stable groups. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring any emergence of bacterial resistance that may occur when mass prophylaxis programmes are in operation and also the importance of determining the genetic basis of the resistance mechanism. PMID- 6975184 TI - Potency of killed plague vaccines prepared from avirulent Yersinia pestis. AB - Killed plague vaccines prepared from avirulent strains A1122 and EV76S of Yersinia pestis were more effective in mouse potency tests than samples of Plague Vaccine, USP, prepared from killed Y. pestis of the virulent strain 195/P. Manufacture of vaccine from avirulent Y. pestis would obviate requirements for the large containment facilities that are currently needed for producing Plague Vaccine, USP. PMID- 6975185 TI - Is income the only constraint on child nutrition in rural Bangladesh? PMID- 6975187 TI - Importance of the aquatic weed Ceratophyllum to transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in the Volta Lake, Ghana. AB - Results of 5 years of sampling for Bulinus rohlfsi in human-water contact sites of villages along the Volta Lake, Ghana, have confirmed that the aquatic macrophyte, Ceratophyllum, is the most important ecological factor for sustaining high levels of cercarial transmission of Schistosoma haematobium. Data available so far indicate that growth of this weed largely determines the size of the snail populations. Increasing density of Ceratophyllum correlates with increasing levels of cercarial transmission potential in the water contact sites and of S. haematobium infection in the village populations. PMID- 6975186 TI - The Gomez classification. Time for a change? AB - The Gomez classification of nutritional status is well known and widely used. However, it has a considerable number of drawbacks and it is questionable whether it should continue to be used. The history of the classification, its value, and its disadvantages are examined and an alternative classification based on more recent reference values of weight-for-age is proposed. PMID- 6975188 TI - Deoxycoformycin: neurological toxicity. AB - Deoxycoformycin (DCF) is a tight-binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA) currently undergoing phase I--II evaluation. Neurological toxicity has been a frequent and occasionally severe complication of treatment with this drug. A T cell leukemia patient with an Ommaya reservoir was treated with DCF, and the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma were studied. DCF penetrates the cerebrospinal fluid and achieves levels as high as 1/10 the concurrent plasma levels. The accumulation of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine was monitored; the neuropharmacological effect of these metabolites is discussed. PMID- 6975189 TI - Prognosis of 1000 young women studied by coronary angiography. AB - One thousand women younger than age 50 years suspected of having coronary disease were followed for at least 5 years (average 8.4 years) to determine their course after coronary arteriography. Three patients were lost to follow-up; all had normal arteriograms. The survival rate was 96.9% at 5 years for 761 patients who had less than 50% narrowing of any artery. One patient who had coronary ectasia died within 5 years, and one woman who had minimal lesions suffered sudden death. Seven of 727 women who had normal arteries or less than 30% narrowing of any artery had coronary events (death, myocardial infarction, bypass operation for progressive disease), and six of 34 women who had 30 to almost 50% obstruction of at least one artery had coronary events. Calculations of survival for 236 women who had severe coronary lesions were affected by withdrawal for operation. Five year survival was 74%. PMID- 6975190 TI - Method for testing antiserum titer and avidity in nephelometric systems. AB - Antiserum performance in a nephelometric system can be characterized by parameters derived from measuring reaction rates. The characterization process is derived from a series of dose-response curves (elicited nephelometric response vs antigen concentration) generated from various dilutions of the antiserum being tested. Antiserum titer can then be calculated by plotting the antigen concentration found at one-half the maximum nephelometric response (Hmax) of each dose-response curve (C50) vs the corresponding antiserum dilution. Antiserum avidity can be calculated by plotting Hmax against its corresponding antiserum concentration. After general expressions are determined for C50 and Hmax vs antiserum concentration, a single dose-response curve suffices for characterizing antisera with respect to titer and avidity. Direct evidence is provided for the validity of C50 and Hmax as measures of titer and avidity by correlating these parameters with antiserum binding strength and with the number of antibodies eluted from immobilized antigen. This method can be applied to evaluate and compare different antiserum lots having the same specificity, to identify reagent inadequacies by comparing antisera of different specificity, and to predict the optimal antiserum dilution to use in performing an assay. PMID- 6975193 TI - In vitro anti-DNA antibody synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6975192 TI - Reversible male infertility due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - We have studied a patient who was azoospermic and infertile. The cause of his infertility was unusual and curable: untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia resulting from a partial 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The diagnosis was suggested by the combination of small testes, elevated levels of testosterone and suppressed levels of gonadotrophins. PMID- 6975191 TI - Serum adenosine deaminase in normals and in a patient with adenosine deaminase deficient-severe combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 6975194 TI - Isolation of helper T cells from the peripheral blood of normal donors, using serum from a patient with agammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6975195 TI - 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with essential hypertension. AB - Plasma 25-OH-D levels of normotensive and hypertensive subjects living in a highly industrial and in a nonindustrial area, were estimated. Significantly higher values were found in normotensive subjects than in hypertensive patients. Severity of arterial hypertension was not related to plasma 25-OH-D. Both groups of subjects (normotensive and hypertensive) living in the industrial area with high air pollution had lower 25-OH-D concentrations than those living in the nonindustrial region. Data presented in this paper suggest that antihypertensive treatment by pharmacologic agents exerts a depressive effect on plasma 25-OH-D level. PMID- 6975196 TI - Future directions of the specialty: practical relevance to the clinical practice of nuclear medicine. PMID- 6975197 TI - Effect of dihydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D3 on calcium absorption in uraemic man. AB - 1. Peak 47Ca absorption and 7 day 47Ca retention were measured by a whole-body radioactivity counting technique in 10 haemodialysis patients before and after treatment with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] and 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25-(OH)2D3]. 2. Before treatment all patients had low peak 47Ca absorption and 7 day 47Ca retention. 3. After treatment with 1,25 (OH)2D3 (0 . 25-l microgram/day for 4-12 months) peak 47Ca absorption and 7 day 47Ca retention returned to normal. 4. After treatment with 24,25-(OH)2D3 (2 microgram/day for 4-12 months) peak 47Ca absorption and 7 day 47Ca retention remained at pretreatment levels. 5. It is concluded that physiological doses of 24,25-(OH)2D3 have no effect on calcium absorption or retention in uraemic man. PMID- 6975198 TI - [Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) in patients with hip joint deformities]. PMID- 6975199 TI - Chromosome banding in Amphibia. VI. BrdU-replication patterns in anura and demonstration of XX/XY sex chromosomes in Rana esculenta. AB - A modified BrdU-Hoechst-Giemsa technique permitted the demonstration of easily reproducible replication patterns in the somatic chromosomes of Amphibia. These banding patterns allow for the first time a precise identification of all chromosomes and the analysis of the patterns of replication in the various stages of S-phase in Amphibia. Several possibilities for the use of this technique were demonstrated on three frog species of the family Ranidae, all differing greatly in their DNA-content. With this method, the homomorphic chromosome pair No. 4 in Rana esculenta could be identified as sex-specific chromosomes of the XX/XY-type. All male animals exhibit an extremely late replicating region in the Y chromosome, which is lacking in the X-chromosome in the female animals, both X chromosomes replicate synchronously. These sex-specific chromosomes cannot be distinguished by other banding techniques. In the highly heteromorphic ZZ/ZW-sex chromosome system of Pyxicephalus adspersus a synchronous replication of the two Z-chromosomes of male animals and a very late replication of the short arm of the W-chromosomes of male animals was demonstrated. These results support the assumption that there is no dosage compensation for Z-linked or X-linked genes by the sex chromosome inactivation mechanism in the sex chromosomes of Amphibia. PMID- 6975200 TI - [Postsplenectomy hemorrhage from ruptured esophagus varices in late schistosomiasis: analysis of 314 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975201 TI - Tolfenamic acid and ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind cross over study. PMID- 6975202 TI - [The reaction of the gingival epithelium, isolated muscle fibers and arteries to NaF and organic fluorides in topical solutions]. PMID- 6975203 TI - Effect of iodide on glucose, N-acetylglucosamine and leucine incorporation into acid-insoluble fraction of pig thyroid proteins in vitro. AB - The effect of KI on D-[1-14C]glucose and N-acetyl-D-[1-14C]glucosamine incorporation into thyroid proteins was studied in vitro. It was found that KI in a concentration of 0.1 mmol 1-1 had no effect on the incorporation of the sugars under study. However, under the same experimental conditions KI inhibited L-[1 14C]leucine incorporation into proteins. It is suggested that KI, appropriate concentrations, inhibits the synthesis of peptide chains but has no effect on the incorporation of sugars into proteins. PMID- 6975204 TI - In vitro metabolism of androgens in hypothalamus and pituitary from infantile and adolescent rats of both sexes. AB - The metabolism of [3H]testosterone, [3H]dihydrotestosterone and [3H]. 5alpha androstan-3beta, 17beta-diol was studied in vitro in pituitaries and hypothalami of male and female rats aged 5, 10, 15, 23, 30, 40 and 60 days. The concentration of labelled androgens in incubation medium was 10-20 nmol l-1. The metabolites were extracted from the medium with organic solvents and separated with the aid of thin-layer chromatography. Quantitative estimation of dihydrostestosterone, 5alpha-androstan-3alpha, 17beta-diol and of polar metabolites was made. It was found that: 1. only polar metabolites are formed from 5alpha-androstan-3beta, 17beta-diol in all age groups of both sexes; 2. in both sexes the metabolism of androgens in both tissues between 5 and 23 days of age was twice as high as that in adult ones; 3. sexual differences in the metabolism of androgens were found in all age groups investigated, although all androgens studied were not affected in each case; 4. most remarkable intersexual differences were found in both studied at 23 days of age. It may be suggested that androgens apparently play an important role in the hypothalamus and pituitary of both sexes during the early postnatal ontogenesis which is apparently related to the active metabolism of these steroids in these organs. PMID- 6975205 TI - Effect of 4-cholesten-3-one on steroidogenesis and morphology of rat adrenal cortex. AB - The production of corticosteroids from endogenous precursors was decreased in adrenal glands of male rats fed a diet containing one per cent of 4-cholesten-3 one for 3 and 7 days. In contrast, the conversion of labelled progesterone into corticosteroids was only slightly affected as shown by the increased aldosterone to 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone ratio. Morphological method revealed lipoid adrenal hyperplasia developing progressively during the observation period. In the adrenal gland, the content of 4-cholesten-3-one rose slightly and, as shown in the experiment with labelled 4-cholesten-3-one, it can serve only as a weakly effective precursor of corticosteroid biosynthesis. Cholesterol content in the adrenals decreased and lipoid hyperplasia could not be explained therefore by cholesterol accumulation. PMID- 6975206 TI - Alternate-day betamethasone treatment does not affect intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate and growth rate of chicks. AB - The effect of oral administration of betamethasone in single daily doses (25 microgram kg-1 d-1) and in single alternate-day doses (50 microgram kg-1 every other day) on the duodenal absorption of calcium, on the jejunal absorption of phosphate and on weight gain has been studied in chicks using the in vivo ligated loop technique. The daily administration of betamethasone for three weeks markedly reduced the absorption of calcium and phosphate as well as the growth rate. Alternate-day treatment lacked all these adverse effects of betamethasone and the results did not differ significantly from those in the control chicks. PMID- 6975207 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on pituitary-adrenocortical response to acute irradiation stress in rats. AB - After the irradiation with a lethal dose of 387 mC kg-1 (1500 R) an increase of plasma and adrenal corticosterone concentration was found in male rats (about 250 g body weight) during first 24 h as compared to sham-irradiated animals, the maximum increase being observed at 60 min after irradiation. A second period of corticosterone increase was found at 48 and 72 h. At the same time the adrenal weight increased and severe lesions of gastrointestinal tract were found. In a second experiment dexamethasone (50 mg kg-1) was injected 3 h before irradiation and this prevented the increase of plasma and adrenal corticosterone level at 60 min after irradiation. It was suggested that the degradation of corticosterone might be slowed down during the first period after irradiation, while at the same time the feed-back regulatory mechanism of ACTH release from the pituitary apparently remained intact. The second period of corticosterone increase was apparently due to severe gastrointestinal lesions. PMID- 6975208 TI - Binding of methyltrienolone to glucocorticoid receptors in rat muscle cytosol. AB - Androgen receptor measurements with [3H]-methyltrienolone [17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-trien-3-one (R1881)] or [3H]testosterone in vastus lateralis muscle cytosol of intact male rats yielded similar numbers of binding sites. Gonadectomy significantly increased the androgen receptor values, and both steroids gave similar results. The binding of [3H]-testosterone was not affected by adrenalectomy. In contrast, [3H]R1881 binding increased 2-fold after adrenalectomy. Competition experiments as well as sucrose density gradient analysis indicated that R1881, in addition to its binding of the androgen receptor, was also bound to glucocorticoid receptor. These results show that the synthetic androgen R1881 must be used with caution in tissues suspected to contain glucocorticoid receptors. PMID- 6975209 TI - The effect of splenectomy on the appearance of specific antibody-forming cells in lungs of dogs after intravenous immunization with sheep erythrocytes. AB - Effector cells of both T-lymphocyte-mediated and B-lymphocyte-mediated immunity can be induced experimentally to appear in the lung. It is not known whether such effector lymphocytes arise from precursor cells resident in the lung or if they are recruited from systemic sources. Previous studies demonstrated that IV administration of sheep erythrocytes to dogs consistently resulted in the appearance of specific antibody-forming cells, B-cell effectors, in lavage preparations obtained from the lung. In the present study, experiments were performed to determine the mechanism of appearance of effector B-cells in the lung after IV immunization. Control, sham-operated, and splenectomized dogs were immunized IV with 10(10) sheep erythrocytes. The concentrations of antibody forming cells appearing in lymphocytes obtained from the lung and from peripheral blood were measured during both the primary and the secondary immune responses. Control and sham-operated dogs developed high concentrations of antibody-forming cells in blood 5 days after immunization, but splenectomized dogs did not. Antibody-forming cells consistently appeared in substantial numbers in lymphocytes obtained by lavage from lungs of control and sham-operated animals, however, they failed to appear in lungs of animals which had undergone splenectomy. Similar results were obtained both after primary and after secondary IV immunization. The data indicate that in this model, namely after IV immunization, with sheep erythrocytes, pulmonary antibody-forming cells or their precursors are derived from systemic sources (spleen) via the circulating blood. The observations provide strong in vivo evidence that lung antibody-forming cells are not generated locally after IV priming and boosting. The results of the present study relate directly to the mechanism of appearance of antibody-forming cells in lungs after IV, not local immunization. The study defines and documents one mechanism by which immune effector cells can appear in lung tissue. PMID- 6975211 TI - Studies on the high- and low-affinity rosette-forming T-lymphocytes in patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6975212 TI - Non-H-2-associated genetic regulation of cytotoxic responses to hapten-modified syngeneic cells. Effect on the magnitude of secondary response and helper T cell generation after in vivo priming. AB - The present study investigates the role of non-H-2 genes in controlling generation of the H-2-restricted, T cell-mediated cytotoxic response against trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified syngeneic cells (TNP-self). Spleen cells from C3H/He (H-2k) or B10.BR (H-2k) normal mice or from mice primed to TNP in vivo by skin painting with trinitrochlorobenzene were used (a) for in vitro sensitization to TNP-self and (b) as a source of radioresistant helper cells for augmenting the TNP-self cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response generated by normal syngeneic spleen cells. Although spleen cells from unprimed mice from these two strains exhibited a comparable CTL response in a primary culture, a strong difference was observed in a secondary CTL response after in vivo priming. CTL activities generated in the secondary culture were much stronger in C3H/He than in B10.BR strains. This difference in the magnitude of secondary CTL responses was paralleled by generation of strong and weak helper cell activity in C3H/He and B10.BR, respectively. No detectable difference was observed between the two H-2k strains in the lysability of target cells and ability of stimulating cells to activate the primed unirradiated cells and radioresistant helper cells. This genetic difference detected in the H-2k haplotype was also demonstrated in the H 2b haplotype, by using C3H.SW and C57BL/10 mice which bear non-H-2 background genes corresponding to C3H/He and B10.BR mice, respectively. These results indicate the existence of a control mechanism influenced by non-H-2 genes, in addition to the established H-2-linked gene control. PMID- 6975210 TI - Inhibition by chemotherapeutic agents of human bone marrow progenitor cells and clonogenic cells of a lymphoblastic cell line. PMID- 6975213 TI - Enumeration of alloreactive helper T lymphocytes which cooperate with cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - The number of alloreactive helper T lymphocytes (HTL) which cooperate with cytolytic T lymphocytes have been quantified in a sensitive limit dilution system. Approximately 1 in 330 splenic T lymphocytes developed helper activity in response to alloantigen of a single haplotype. Most HTL appeared to cooperate nonspecifically with the cytolytic cells. A significant number of alloreactive HTL precursors recognized H-2 K or D alloantigen, but roughly 6-fold more HTL precursors responded to H-2 I, and roughly 20-fold more responded to non-H-2, presumably Mls, alloantigen. These results support the hypothesis that alloantigen encoded by the H-2 I and non-H-2 Mls regions preferentially stimulate helper T lymphocytes, while alloantigens encoded by the H-2 K and D regions preferentially stimulate cytolytic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6975215 TI - The unique sensitivity of the rabbit eye to x-ray-induced ocular inflammation. PMID- 6975214 TI - Differentiated cells from BALB/c mice differ in their radiosensitivity. PMID- 6975217 TI - Nonspecific esterase activity in monkey thymus lymphocytes; study of distribution in lymphocyte subpopulation. AB - A subpopulation of monkey thymus lymphocytes was investigated by direct nonspecific esterase staining of E-rosette forming lymphocytes. Thymus lymphocytes had high nonspecific esterase activity and E-rosette formation, but the level of their in vitro lectin responses was very low. PMID- 6975216 TI - Reduction of inflammatory brain edema by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. PMID- 6975218 TI - Stimulation of lipoprotein lipase activity of rat adipose tissue and post-heparin plasma by N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine. PMID- 6975219 TI - Purification and characterization of C4-binding protein from human serum. PMID- 6975222 TI - [Color difference perception with Blasius's new testing instrument in congenital color blindness]. PMID- 6975224 TI - [Experimental studies on the capacity for spatial vision, on typology and on creative ability of color-blind patients]. PMID- 6975221 TI - [Effect of light pulses of microsecond duration on submaxillary muscle arterioles of frogs and their vasomotor characteristics]. PMID- 6975223 TI - Autophagy in rods and cones of the vertebrate retina. PMID- 6975220 TI - Functional aspects of bulbospinal monoaminergic projections in modulating processing of somatosensory information. AB - Descending monoamine pathways have been shown to modulate the processing of nociceptive information. Several lines of evidence support this hypothesis: 1) stimulation of brain-stem sites by intracerebral electrodes or the local application of opiates inhibits spinal reflex activity, this effect being antagonized by intrathecal monoamine antagonists; 2) the iontophoretic administration of monoamines in the spinal cord will antagonize the discharge of dorsal horn nociceptors; and 3) the intrathecal administration of monoamines will elevate the pain threshold in the unanesthetized animal. One natural mode of activating this intrinsic circuit appears to be through the activation of small diameter afferents. Recent evidence has shown that such somatic stimulation causes the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine. The role of this system appears to be in modulating the properties of sensory processing at the spinal cord level. PMID- 6975225 TI - [Digestive bleeding as a complication of peptic oesophagitis; analysis of 39 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975226 TI - [Cholestatic icterus in the course of ethinyl-estradiol therapy]. PMID- 6975227 TI - Successful endoscopic electrocoagulation of gastric lesions of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia responsible for repeated hemorrhage. PMID- 6975228 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptaminergic control of red pigment-dispersing hormone release in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator: effects of a 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor and a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor blocker on 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced and iproniazid-induced red pigment dispersion. PMID- 6975229 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation: state of the art. PMID- 6975230 TI - [Noise and vibration exposure effects on vestibular and visual functions in adolescents]. PMID- 6975232 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin (PiM) subtypes in Japanese. AB - Using isoelectric focusing (IEF) in thin-layer polyacrylamide gel, the polymorphism of the serum alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi system) was investigated in 335 healthy unrelated Japanese individuals living in Miyagi prefecture, the northern part of Japan. Six common and five rare variant phenotypes were identified in our population samples, and the estimated allele frequencies for the genes PiM1, PiM2 and PiM3 were 0.718, 0.238 and 0.044, respectively. Family studies (n = 46) showed an autosomal codominant inheritance, and no exclusion was found in 23 mother-child pairs. PMID- 6975231 TI - Study of acute localised inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract: the effluent lymph. AB - The effect of localised acute inflammation, produced by a small intestinal anastomosis on the effluent lymph of the gastrointestinal tract and on the efferent lymph of the mesenteric lymph glands has been studied in rats. There is a progressive increase in the output of lymph from the gastrointestinal tract in rats with an intact anastomosis, but a decreased output in animals with a disrupted anastomosis causing either generalised peritonitis or a localised para anastomotic abscess. The total white cell output is increased on the second day after constructing an intact intestinal anastomosis and this increase is principally due to neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocyte response is prolonged, but has returned to normal values at four weeks. Although the output of cells of the mononuclear phagocytic series which are esterase positive is increased it is not statistically significant. An intact anastomosis does not produce any alteration in the lymphocyte output. The neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocyte response to an intestinal anastomosis is decreased by a factor of two and the non-lymphocytic non-specific esterase positive cell response is decreased by a factor of six by the mesenteric lymph glands which may be functioning in a 'filtering' capacity dealing with agents originating at the anastomosis and noxious to the body, PMID- 6975234 TI - [Ambulatory diagnosis and therapy of ulcerative colitis]. AB - During an examination period of one year in a well defined population of 50 000 inhabitants 44 patients with colitis ulcerosa were diagnostically clarified and secured histologically. 37 patients (84.1%) could be treated and brought into a phase of remission with salazosulfapyridin (Azulfidine), glucocorticoids as well as a liberal gastroenterologic basic diet with restriction on dairy products and occasionally a diet, developed for astronauts. Only 7 patients (15.9%) had to be hospitalized for therapy because of accompanying illnesses, regression in the course of colitis and complications such as anemia and electrolyte imbalances. With view to the degree of severity, the majority of the patients showed signs of erosive and ulcerative changes as well as expanded pseudopolypic formations in the mucous membrane indicating the chronically continuing and chronically relapsing course of the disease. 54.5% of the affected showed endoscopical and histological changes in the rectosigmoid; an additional 27.2? had inflammatory changes up to the left colon flexure (see figure 2). Only 18.3% of the patients showed inflammatory attack of the entire colon. From the degree of severity of the inflammatory changes, the anatomic distribution and expansion in the large bowel, no difference in outpatient therapy with regard to its effectiveness can be seen. PMID- 6975233 TI - [Hemorrhages from the pancreatic duct system: a severe complication in pancreatic diseases]. AB - The incidence of hemorrhage into the gastrointestinal tract associated with formation of pancreatic pseudocysts or cystadenoma are very rare. When it does occur, it is almost always fatal. Two of our patients had intermittent episodes of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage with severe anemia. After ERCP we performed subtotal resection of the pancreas in one case and total pancreatectomy in the other. The postoperative course was uncomplicated. Within the last 2 years no episodes of hemorrhage were seen. PMID- 6975235 TI - Activation of human T and non-T lymphocytes by sepharose-bound concanavalin A and the differential effect of macrophages. AB - The mitogenic effect of insoluble concanavalin A (Con A) bound to Sepharose beads on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been investigated. Sepharose-Con A, with a maximum activity at 100-400 micrograms/ml and an optimal incubation time of 3 or 4 days, stimulated the mononuclear cells with a high mitogenic response. Sepharose-Con A also stimulated the monocyte-depleted lymphocytes and their T- and non T-enriched fractions with a definite mitogenic response, although the levels of response were much lower than those of unpurified mononuclear cells. Addition of the adherent monocytes strongly augmented the Sepharose-Con A responses of monocyte-depleted lymphocytes and their T-enriched fractions, whereas it gave no effect on those of non-T-enriched fractions. Culture fluids of adherent monocytes also augmented the Sepharose-Con A responses of monocyte-depleted lymphocytes. These results indicate that, although insoluble Sepharose-Con A activates both human T and B cells, the response of T cells but not B cells may be dependent in part on the presence of monocytes or a monocyte derived soluble factor(s). Thus, it is concluded that Sepharose-Con A may be a useful mitogen to elucidate the role of macrophages or their soluble factors in activation of human T and B cells. PMID- 6975236 TI - Further study on the humoral response of a highly-purified spleen-derived immunosuppressive peptide (SDIP). AB - Some biological properties of a highly-purified non-cytotoxic spleen-derived immunosuppressive peptide (SDIP) have been investigated. SDIP was shown to inhibit the primary anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) response at the last step of differentiation of the lymphocyte. In the present study we demonstrated that this response seemed to be T- and adherent spleen-cell dependent as no inhibition was noticed either in the response to TNP-LPS, a T-independent antigen, or in the response to SRBC in adherent spleen cell-depleted cultures. SDIP activity did not occur through an inhibition of splenocytes DNA synthesis since [3H]-thymidine ([3H]-TdR) incorporation was not modified in mitogen or allogenic stimulated cultures. Conversely, SDIP could act through a stimulation of a T-cell subset as a low specific increase of [3H]-TdR was noticed in cultured thymocytes. PMID- 6975237 TI - Evidence for two populations of B-L (Ia-like) molecules encoded by the chicken MHC. AB - Two specific alloantisera detecting B-L (Ia-like) antigens on chicken lymphocytes of the B6 and B15 haplotypes were found to cross-react strongly. Anti-B-L6 and anti-B-L15 alloantisera both reacted with B-L molecules on B6 and B15 lymphocytes as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and SDS-PAGE analysis of 125I-labeled B-L antigens isolated by incubation with anti-B-L alloantisera. Absorption studies showed that the anti-B-L alloantisera reacted with at least two kinds of antigenic determinant, one set shared by B-L6 and B-L15 molecules and another set specific for each haplotype. In spite of the absence of genetic evidence for more than one B-L locus in the chicken B complex, it was shown by sequential antibody incubations that these two different B-L antigenic determinants are associated with at least two separate species of B-L molecules, indicating the presence of at least two B-L loci within the MHC of the chicken. PMID- 6975239 TI - Management of enteric fever in children. PMID- 6975238 TI - Genetic control of B- and T-lymphocyte abnormalities of NZB mice in crosses with B10.D2 mice. AB - Parenteral NZB and B10.D2, F1 and F1 x B10.D2 mice were studied to determine the genetic control of (1) altered B-cell IgD expression, (2) plasma cell frequency, (3) IgM secretion per plasma cell, (4) primary in vitro cytotoxic T-cell responses to H-2-compatible cells, (5) production of thymocyte-binding antibodies, and (6) production of red-cell-specific antibodies. The results demonstrate that, in this cross, IgD abnormalities and production of red-cell specific antibodies were recessive traits. There was a common genetic influence on plasma cell frequency, IgM secretion per plasma cell and production of thymocyte-binding antibodies which was distinct from the genes governing the ability to generate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to H-2-compatible cells. PMID- 6975240 TI - Polyclonal B-cell activation induced by extracts of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from periodontally diseased sites. AB - The objective of this research was to determine whether gram-negative bacteria frequently isolated from periodontally diseased sites contained polyclonal B-cell activators. Polyclonal B-cell activation, which results in nonspecific activation of multiple B-cell clones was analyzed by a hemolysis-in-gel assay designed to detect a broad range of antibody specificities. Extracts from numerous bacterial strains, including Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Selenomonas sputigena, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, were tested. Extracts of the above organisms were found to stimulate polyclonal antibody responses in cultures of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes, although the magnitude of stimulation varied among the extracts. Optimal antibody-forming cell responses were found at stimulator doses between 5 and 1,000 micrograms/ml. We conclude that the resident gram-negative subgingival flora associated with periodontal lesions possesses potent polyclonal B-cell activators. These activators may contribute to disease pathogenesis by inducing B lymphocytes to produce antibody, osteolytic factors, or both and possibly other mediators of inflammation. PMID- 6975241 TI - Pharmacokinetics of co-trimoxazole and co-tetroxazine in geriatric patients. AB - Following a single dose of co-trimoxazole or co-tetroxazine, the plasma and urine levels of intact trimethoprim (TMP) and sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) and of tetroxoprim and sulphadiazine (SDZ) were determined in six geriatric patients in a cross-over design by high pressure liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed a plasma elimination half-life in the terminal phase of 10.39 h for TMP, 11.79 h for SMZ, 6.55 h for TXP and 10.46 h for SDZ. The resulting distribution volumes Vd beta and total plasma clearance values corresponded with the data obtained in young patients or volunteers. Recovery in urine, measured for up to 96 h, was 49.2% (TMP), 19.8% (SMZ), 57.03% (TXP) and 61.1% (SDZ). In contrast to young volunteers, geriatric patients experienced a slight prolongation of renal excretion for both sulphonamides. In this group of patients the renal clearance was 2.42 ml/min for SMZ and 10.7 ml/min for SDZ. PMID- 6975242 TI - Anti-mite IgE antibody production in vitro by peripheral blood lymphocytes from mite-sensitive atopic patients. AB - Anti-mite IgE antibody production in vitro was investigated using peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from mite-sensitive patients with bronchial asthma. Preculture of PBL with the mite antigen, which induced the remarkable cell proliferation, resulted in a marked decrease of the IgE antibody production directed to mite but not to unrelated antigens. Anti-mite IgE antibody formation was not inhibited by autologous or allogeneic T cells stimulated with the mite antigen. The spontaneous production of IgE antibody was observed when fractionated B cells were cultured alone or with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), but was suppressed when they were precultured with the antigen. Coculture of autologous T cells with B cells showed a considerable augmentation of anti-mite IgE antibody formation. The enhancing activity of autologous T cells was not observed when B cells were irradiated at 1,000 rad. The spontaneous IgE antibody production by B cells alone was radioresistant. Both mitotic inhibitors and 1,000 to 2,000 rad of gama-irradiation did not significantly suppress the spontaneous anti-mite IgE antibody production by B cells. PMID- 6975246 TI - Antibodies in human sera to F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal and polyclonal IgG. AB - F(ab')2 fragments of human, bovine and rabbit polyclonal IgG and of human IgG paraproteins of different subclass and light-chain type have been coupled to human red cells and used to detect "agglutinator' antibodies in normal and pathological human sera. The common occurrence of such antibodies in human sera and their heterogeneity in terms of specificity have been confirmed. No change in titre or specificity was found in monoclonal B cell proliferations. The possible significance of serum agglutinators is discussed. PMID- 6975244 TI - T lymphocyte subpopulations and pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro by mononuclear cells from psoriasis patients. AB - T-lymphocyte subpopulations and pokeweed mitogen(PWM)-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis of mononuclear cells in vitro were studied in patients with psoriasis as well as in age- and sex-matched normal blood donors. The frequences of T cells with receptors for IgG (Tg) and T cells with receptors for IgM (Tm) were examined. The IgG and IgM synthesis in mononuclear cell suspensions in the presence of different amounts of PWM was determined. The percentage of total T cells (rosetting with neuroaminidase-treated sheep red blood cells), including high and low affinity T lymphocytes showed no difference between the patient group and controls. The patients with psoriasis had a significantly higher mean proportion of Tg cells than the normal donors whereas there was no significant difference in the proportions of Tm cells between these two groups. The PWM induced Ig synthesis in the mononuclear cell suspension seemed lower in patients with psoriasis than in controls, the difference being statistically significant when the results were expressed as ratios of Ig amounts present in the supernatants of PWM-stimulated and non-stimulated cultures (index of stimulation). PMID- 6975243 TI - Immunological properties of Fc receptor on lymphocytes. 9. Functional analysis of FcR gamma+ and FcR gamma- lymphocytes in IgE antibody responses. AB - The present study was undertaken to clarify the function of FcR gamma+ and FcR gamma- lymphocytes in anti-DNP IgE antibody responses. The helper activity was observed predominantly in FcR gamma- T cells, but poorly in FcR gamma+ T cells, as in the case of IgG antibody responses, indicating that the absence of FcR gamma on T cell surface is a common surface characteristic to helper T cells, and that there is no close relationship between the determination of class specificity of Ig and T cell subsets divided by the presence or absence of FcR gamma. Furthermore, IgE antibody responses were more dependent upon helper T cells than IgG antibody responses. The data presented in this paper also demonstrated that the precursors of anti-DNP IgE antibody-forming cells were equally contained in both FcR gamma+ and FcR gamma- B cells, when they were transferred into recipients with helper T cells. This is a striking contrast to IgM/IgG antibody responses, in which only FcR gamma- B cells could differentiate into antibody-forming cells. Moreover, the precursor activity of FcR gamma+ and FcR gamma- B cells for IgE antibody-forming cells was not affected by the treatment of cells with suppressive B cell factor released from FcR gamma+ B cells after binding of antigen-antibody (IgG) complexes and known to suppress the proliferation of FcR gamma- IgM/IgG antibody-forming cell precursors. Thus, IgE B cells seem to be more heterogeneous than IgM/IgG B cells with respect to the FcR gamma marker and insensitive to the regulatory effect of FcR gamma+ B cells. IgE B cells are regulated differently from IgG B cells in B-B cell interactions. PMID- 6975247 TI - Control of the mitogenicity of muramyl dipeptide. PMID- 6975248 TI - Modification of the action of misonidazole. III. The effect of diamide on toxicity and radiosensitization. AB - Diamide, a compound which depletes cells of reduced glutathione, decreases toxicity of misonidazole to hypoxic cells, as measured by single-strand break (SSB) production, cell inactivation, and uptake of radioactive misonidazole. As a radiosensitizer, the effect of diamide in cell pellets is additive to that of misonidazole. Individually, both misonidazole and diamide enhance SSB production in DNA of cells irradiated under hypoxia in dilute suspension, but a combination of the two drugs does not appear to produce a greater number of SSB than misonidazole alone. PMID- 6975250 TI - Induction and repair of single-strand DNA breaks after X-irradiation of human fibroblasts deficient in glutathione. AB - Using the unwinding technique in weak alkali, the induction and repair of DNA single-strand breaks was determined after aerobic and anerobic X-irradiation of human fibroblasts, obtained from a patient suffering from 5-oxoprolinuria, and from a clinically healthy control. The metabolic disorder associated with 5 oxprolinuria is a deficiency in glutathione synthetase activity resulting in a greatly reduced glutathione content in the cells. A small dose-modifying effect of oxygen (o.e.r. = 1.1) was found for these cells in comparison to an o.e.r. of 2.5 for control cells with normal glutathione content. No significant difference was found between the repair capacity of cells with normal and deficient glutathione content, and repair was nearly completed within 60 min of anoxic irradiation in each case. In contrast, after aerobic irradiation of glutathione deficient cells repaired less than 70 per cent of the breaks during the same period. When the glutathione-deficient cells were incubated with either dithiothreitol or mercaptopropionylglycine directly after aerobic irradiation, almost complete repair was obtained within 60 Min. The data are interpreted as indicating that the repair mechanism for oxically and anoxically induced single strand breaks is qualitatively different, and requires glutathione in the former case. PMID- 6975249 TI - gamma-Radiolysis of DNA in oxygenated aqueous solutions: alterations at the sugar moiety. AB - On gamma-irradiation of DNA in N2O/O2-saturated aqueous solutions alterations at the sugar moiety are observed. In the present study three new lesions were recognized: (i) 2-deoxytetrodialdose bound via a phosphoric acid ester linkage to a (broken) DNA strand, (ii) 2-deoxypentos-4-ulose bound to DNA via one (or two?) phosphoric acid ester linkage(s), and (iii) 2-deoxy-D-erythro-pentose bound to DNA via two phosphoric acid ester linkages. Lesion (i) is directly connected with a DNA strand break. Lesion (ii) might be related to a DNA strand break if bound via only one phosphoric acid ester linkage, or has to be considered as an alkali labile site if bound via two phosphoric acid ester linkages. Lesion (iii) results from base damage, when the damaged base is hydrolysed from the sugar. This lesion is an alkali-labile site which turns into a strand break on alkali treatment. Attempts have been made to quantify these lesions. A lower limit of sugar damage (including lesions observed in preceding studies, but not lesion (iii) of G = 0.25 has been estimated. PMID- 6975251 TI - Radiation-induced changes of liposomes and lecithin in non-aqueous media. AB - Radiation-induced changes of lipids in non-aqueous media were studied to elucidate the process of radiation damage in biological membranes. The lipid peroxidation progressed linearly with increasing dose and decreasing dose rate of gamma-irradiation in soyabean lecithin in chloroform. The fatty acid composition of lecithin also changed, especially in linoleic and linolenic acids. Lower dose rate radiation enhanced these changes in oxic condition. Lipid peroxidation was also shown in lipids extracted from irradiated liposomes or in liposomes prepared from irradiated lecithin in chloroform. The dose-dependent glucose efflux was seen in liposomes prepared from irradiated lecithin in chloroform. These results indicate that the peroxidation of lipid molecules might cause radiation damage to the membrane conformation. PMID- 6975252 TI - The repair of sub-lethal damage and the stimulated repair of potentially lethal damage in Saintpaulia. AB - The repair of sublethal and potentially lethal damage in stationary resting epidermal cells of Saintpaulia has been investigated. Fractionation experiments reveal an efficient repair of sublethal damage with a half-life of 1.9 hours. No repair of potentially lethal damage was noted when cultivation of the leaves was delayed for 24 hours after irradiation. At delay times of 2, 3 and 4 days some repair of potentially lethal damage has been found. A small pre-dose given 24 hours before a challenging dose improved the cells' chance to regenerate and the improvement has been shown to be compatible with an improved repair of potentially lethal damage induced by X-rays and fast neutrons. It hs been shown that the stimulated repair process takes 12 to 24 hours to develop, is dependent on the size of the pre-dose, has single-hit dose kinetics, and an r.b.e. of 1 for neutrons. With delayed cultivation of 2 days the stimulated repair process leads to an alteration in the shape of the regeneration (survival)-dose relationship which increases the low dose r.b.e. for neutrons from 10 to 35. PMID- 6975245 TI - Enhancement of mast cell differentiation in vitro by T cell factor(s). AB - Mast cell colonies were obtained when lymph node cells of horse serum-immunized Balb/c mice were cultured in a horse serum-containing medium on embryonic fibroblast monolayer. In order to characterized precursors of mast cells, mesenteric lymph node cells from the immunized mice were fractionated to obtain nonadherent cells, a B cell-depleted fraction and a T cell-depleted fraction; and each fraction was cultured on fibroblast monolayer. Mast cell colonies developed from nonadherent cells and from the B cell-depleted fraction but not from the T cell-depleted fraction. However, cultures of the same T cell-depleted fraction developed mast cell colonies if cell-free supernatant obtained from culture of horse serum-primed T cells was added. Soluble factors promoting mast cell growth were not obtained when the same T cells were incubated in horse serum-free medium. It appears that the majority of mast cell precursors in the lymph nodes are nonadherent cells and bear neither immunoglobulin nor Thy 1 antigen. The results also suggested that soluble factor(s) released from antigen-stimulated T cells enhanced the differentiation of the precursors to mature mast cells. PMID- 6975253 TI - Radiation-induced efflux of potassium ions and haemoglobin in bovine erythrocytes at low doses and low dose-rates. PMID- 6975254 TI - Interaction of thorium with blood serum proteins in vivo. PMID- 6975255 TI - Dose--effect relationships, r.b.e. and split-dose effects after gamma-ray and fast neutron irradiation of protoplasts from wild Nicotiana species. AB - Protoplasts from a diploid Nicotiana species were used to investigate the effects of gamma-rays and fast neutrons. The damage was assessed by scoring the relative plating efficiencies. The effects of single acute doses, as well as fractionated doses, are described for both qualities of radiation. The dose--r.b.e. relationship, expressing the effectiveness of fast neutrons relative to gamma rays as a function of dose, appears similar to that of most animal systems, with higher values in the region of lower doses. The fractionation of gamma-ray doses, with sufficiently long time intervals between split doses, allowed a substantial recovery, as known also for X-rays. On the other hand, the fractionation of a fast neutron dose into low single fractions markedly increased the biological effectiveness of the total dose. This could not be explained by cell progression during resting time intervals and necessitated an additional hypothesis, possibly involving other mechanisms in the specific action of low doses of radiation. PMID- 6975256 TI - Combined chemotherapy--radiotherapy on spleen hypertrophy after C. parvum: combined treatment with 5-FU cyclophosphamide and radiation. AB - C. parvum (CP) acts as a powerful stimulant for cell proliferation in the normal spleen. CP, in combination with radiation or cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, interfered with their effect to a lesser or greater degree depending upon the sequence in which CP and the cytotoxic therapy was applied. In these experiments, cyclophosphamide (CY), 5-FU and radiation were studied singly or in combination during the resting or after CP-stimulation, and the effects of the different combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy determined. Interestingly, CY acted both as a stimulant and suppressant for the spleen growth response when combined with CP. This may contribute to the reported effectiveness of the combination used for therapy in certain antigenic tumour systems. Radiation had a strongly suppressive effect on spleen response to CP in any sequence studied. PMID- 6975257 TI - Reactions of ethanol and formate radicals with ribonuclease A and bovine serum albumin in radiolysis. AB - Aqueous solutions of ribonuclease and bovine serum albumin were irradiated under N2O in the presence of ethanol or formate, which was partly 14C-labelled. The amount of bound ethanol and formate was measured after separation by gel filtration. Reactions of ethanol and formate radicals with proteins lead to covalent crosslinks between the organic solutes and the proteins as well as between the protein molecules. The amount of bound ethanol or formate depends on the structure of the protein and its degree of denaturation. Based on these results and known pulse radiolysis data a mechanism for the reaction of the organic radicals with proteins is proposed. Radiation-induced crosslinking of organic solutes to proteins can be used for studying protein structure in solution. PMID- 6975259 TI - Radiation-induced bone tumours in the guinea-pig. PMID- 6975258 TI - Influence of oxygen on the radiochemical inactivation of the microsomal monooxygenase complex. PMID- 6975260 TI - gamma-Ray-induced demethylation of thymine-(methyl-14C) in aqueous solution. AB - gamma-Ray-induced demethylation of thymine in deaerated aqueous solution was observed and quantitatively measured for the first time using thymine-(methyl 14C). An airfree 5 x 10(-5) M aqueous solution was irradiated with doses of 2 x 10(3)-2 x 10(4) Gy. Radio-gaschromatographic analyses provided proof for the formation of methanol (G - 7.6 x 10(-3)), and methane (G = 2.5 x 10(-5)). PMID- 6975262 TI - The binding of americium and curium to human serum proteins. PMID- 6975261 TI - Response to continuous gamma-irradiation of germ cells in embryos and fry of the fish, Oryzias latipes. PMID- 6975263 TI - A transient post-irradiation defect in newly synthesised DNA. PMID- 6975264 TI - Development of optical quality in the infant monkey (Macaca nemestrina) eye. AB - Behavioral measures of the development of spatial vision, such as contrast sensitivity and acuity, do not distinguish between optical and neural contributions to the emergence of adult visual sensitivity in primates. The optical contribution to visual development in monkeys was estimated by measuring retinal image quality in the eyes of seven infant monkeys ranging in age from 2 days to 9 months. Results from both longitudinally and cross-sectionally tested monkeys indicate that the optics in infant monkeys are good at birth but that improvements with age can be found. The optical modulation transfer function shows that contrast transmission through the optics increases with age at all measurable spatial frequencies. Adult levels of optical quality are seen by 13 weeks of age. In comparison to the large improvements found during development in contrast sensitivity in monkeys. the optical changes are small and probably pose no major limit to the development of spatial vision in this species. PMID- 6975265 TI - Genetic polymorphism of an alpha 1-protease inhibitor in mink plasma. PMID- 6975266 TI - A case of rickets with normal serum level of 1,25-(OH)2D and low 25-OHD. PMID- 6975267 TI - Cannabis: an important issue for adolescent health care professionals. PMID- 6975269 TI - Cefonicid: a stable beta-lactamase inhibitor. AB - The stability of cefonicid (SK&F 75073) towards representatives of six major classes of beta-lactamases was determined using a spectrophotometric assay. Cefonicid was stable to hydrolysis by the Type I enzyme from Enterobacter cloacae and by the enzyme from the anaerobe, Bacteroides fragilis. It was 6 to 7 times more stable than cefamandole to the Type IIIA and B enzymes from Escherichia coli, a little less stable than this antibiotic to the Type V enzyme from E. coli, and of equal stability to the Type IV enzyme from Klebsiella aerogenes. Cefonicid was a non-competitive inhibitor (Ki of 0.8 x 10(-6)M) of cephalothin hydrolysis by the Type I enzyme. PMID- 6975270 TI - C-19393 S2 and H2, new carbapenem antibiotics. IV. Inhibitory activity against beta-lactamases. AB - New carbapenem antibiotics, C-19393 S2 and H2, have been found to be potent and broad-spectrum inhibitors of beta-lactamases. Among 11 types of beta-lactamases tested, those from Escherichia coli (plasmid-bearing), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens and Bacteroides fragilis were especially sensitive. They also inhibited cephalosporinases insensitive to clavulanic acid. The inhibition by C-19393 S2 and H2 was of progressive type, except for the inhibition of E. coli enzyme (plasmid-mediated type I) by C-19393 H2. The inhibition of E. coli beta-lactamase by C-19393 S2 was irreversible, while that by C-19393 H2 was reversible. PMID- 6975268 TI - Evaluation of the morphological and functional characteristics of murine thymic non-lymphoid cells grown in vitro. AB - During the past few years, several investigators have attempted to grow the epithelial component of the murine thymus as a monolayer in vitro in order to study its proposed physiological role in T-lymphocyte differentiation. However, using for the most part identical culture techniques, we have provided morphological, histochemical and functional evidence that the majority of murine thymic nonlymphoid cells grown in culture are epithelioid macrophages and that these macrophages and/or their soluble factors may be responsible for many functions previously attributed to thymic epithelium or "purified thymic hormones". This study emphasizes the absolute necessity and importance of extensive morphological and histochemical evaluation of cultured cells prior to their use in physiological studies. Furthermore, any conclusion regarding the function of thymic non-lymphoid cells in vitro must first take into account numerous species differences in the morphological and histochemical characteristics of these cells as noted both in our laboratory as well as by other investigators. PMID- 6975271 TI - Clindamycin elimination in patients with liver disease. PMID- 6975272 TI - Classical hemophilia a study of 236 cases from 212 unrelated families). PMID- 6975273 TI - Addition, deletion, and substitution of long nonhomologous deoxyribonucleic acid segments by genetic transformation of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - A complete EcoRI digest of Haemophilus influenzae phage HP1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was mixed with incomplete digests of various H. influenzae R plasmids, sealed with T4 ligase, and transformed into an HP1 lysogen. Most of the chloramphenicol- and tetracycline-resistant transformants did not produce phage although they possessed all the phage genes examined. They also did not transfer antibiotic resistance by conjugation. DNA lysates from them transformed other lysogens to resistance and to loss of phage production at different but quite high frequencies (addition of long DNA segments). They themselves could be transformed efficiently to strains with a wild prophage (deletion of long DNA segments). It was concluded that lysogenic cultures had been constructed with various DNA inserts in their prophages carrying antibiotic resistance genes from the R plasmids. The site of insertion was determined by genetic crosses. DNAs with inserts that transferred with lower efficiency were more sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. This supports the view that insert transfer efficiencies reflect the sizes of the insert. PMID- 6975276 TI - Biochemical characterization of a novel whey protein from murine milk. PMID- 6975275 TI - Pre-steady state beta-lactamase kinetics. Observation of a covalent intermediate during turnover of a fluorescent cephalosporin by the beta-lactamase of STaphylococcus aureus PC1. AB - The pre-steady state kinetics of the hydrolysis of sodium 3-dansylamidomethyl-7 beta (thienyl-2')-acetamidoceph-3-em-4-oate, catalyzed by the beta-lactamase of Staphylococcus aureus PC1, has been studied by the stopped flow method. Fluorescence measurements indicated the presence of two intermediate enzyme substrate complexes, i.e. at least a three-step mechanism. The disappearance of the characteristic cephem chromophore, which reflects nucleophilic attack at the beta-lactam carbonyl group, correlated with the second step. These results show that an intermediate species with a covalently altered substrate occurs on the reaction path prior to the last step which includes release of product. This intermediate is most likely an acyl-enzyme. The data have been analyzed numerically and the derived rate constants are in accord with the steady state parameters. PMID- 6975274 TI - A highly sensitive method for analyses of sugar moieties of glycoproteins by fluorescence labeling. AB - The sensitivity of a fluorescence labeling method ((1979). J. Biochem. 85, 989- 994; 995--1002) for structure analyses of asparagine-linked sugar moieties of glycoproteins was increased by using HPLC with a fluorescence detector. Sugar moieties were separated from polypeptide portions by hydrazinolysis. Free amino groups thus exposed were acetylated and the reducing ends of sugar chains were reductively aminated with a fluorescent reagent, 2-aminopyridine, by the use of sodium cyanoborohydride. The pyridylamino derivatives were purified on a Dowex 1 column to eliminate undesired substances. The separation and identification of the pyridylamino derivatives were carried out by HPLC with a column of C18 reversed phase or gel permeation phase. As little as 0.1 pmol of pyridylamino derivatives can be detected. Ten microgram of Taka-amylase A was easily detected by this system. The method was also applied to some other glycoproteins. PMID- 6975278 TI - Human adenosine deaminase. Properties and turnover in cultured T and B lymphoblasts. PMID- 6975281 TI - [Wirsungorrhage by chronic pancreatitis. About one case (author's transl)]. AB - Studying a case of wirsungorrhage on a 62 years, alcoholic patient, the authors emphasize the difficulty of diagnosis of this upper digestive hemorrhage and the interest of fibroscopy and arteriography during hemorrhagic period. Pancreatectomy is not always possible and an hemostatic intervention is often indicated in emergency cases. PMID- 6975277 TI - A new procedure for the quantitation of nuclear and cytoplasmic androgen receptors. AB - Experimental conditions for the measurement of prostatic androgen receptors occupied with unlabeled hormone are described. The assay allows quantitation of cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors occupied with unlabeled ligand by exchange with 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl [3H]estra-4,9,11-trien-3-one at 0 degrees C. The mercurial reagent mersalyl acid (0.2 mM) is used to promote dissociation of more than 90% receptor-bound steroid. The half-time of this reaction is 10-15 min. The reaction is reversible by addition of dithiothreitol or monothioglycerol. Treatment of the receptor with mersalyl and displacement of this reagent by thiol reagents does not alter the steroid binding affinity of the receptor or the sedimentation characteristics. Binding is measured by the hydroxylapatite procedure and all buffers contain 10 mM sodium molybdate. This assay circumvents many of the difficulties associated with conventional exchange assays performed either at elevated temperature or at 16 degrees C for 20-24 h, such as receptor degradation or incomplete exchange. PMID- 6975279 TI - Adherence of murine T cells to solid substrata in the absence of serum. AB - It is generally assumed that lymphocytes do not adhere firmly to solid substrata. However, in attempting to culture murine spleen and thymus cells in RPMI 1640 without serum, we observed that some cells adhered to glass or plastic surfaces. As a minimum estimate. 10-12% of the applied spleen cells and 22% of those from thymus attached between 1 and 24 hours after plating. The cells remained attached despite extensive and vigorous washing. Viability of 70% was maintained between 4 hours and 3 days in culture. Readdition of 10% mouse or horse serum for 2 hours resulted in removal of 80% of the attached cells. The percentage of adherent cells was not affected by cell density, but was greatly reduced when cells were cultured at 4 degrees C. Glutaraldehyde-fixed cells did not adhere. Adherent cells were primarily T lymphocytes. The cell-plate distance would indicate a focal contact mode of adherence; however, the absence of filamentous material at the adherent surface and the broad, continuous surface apposition would imply a close contact mode. We conclude that attachment modes described for fibroblasts in culture are not applicable for lymphocytes. PMID- 6975280 TI - Biochemical properties of differentiation factors for murine myelomonocytic leukemic cells in organ conditioned media--separation from colony-stimulating factors. AB - A number of different organs and tissues from untreated or endotoxin-injected mice were surveyed for their ability to produce conditioned medium that could induce differentiation of the myelomonocytic leukemic cell line WEHI-3B. All organs were able to do this but were much more effective from endotoxin-injected animals. Production of the differentiation factor (DF) was dependent on protein synthesis and occurred throughout the 7-day incubation period. DF produced by the different organs in vitro and found in vivo in endotoxin serum were indistinguishable from each other by several fractionation procedures but could be distinguished from the majority of granulocyte-macrophage and macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM- and M-CSFs). DF was precipitated by 55% ammonium sulfate whereas CSF required 85% saturation. DF did not bind to Concanavalin A Sepharose whereas CSF did. DF eluted later than CSF from Phenyl-Sepharose columns. The dissociated molecular weight of DF was 21,000-29,000 and was not greatly affected by neuraminidase treatment. There was no evidence that DF was glycoprotein in nature although this cannot yet be ruled out. Although the DF activity could be clearly separated from the bulk of GM-CSF and M-CSF activities, there was always residual CSF activity associated with the DF. This CSF was distinct from GM- and M-CSF in its biochemical properties, in the fact that it only stimulated a subset of colony-forming cells and that upon dilution it stimulated exclusively granulocytic colonies to develop. In two steps (ammonium sulfate precipitation and Phenyl-Sepharose chromatography) it was possible to selectively enrich the differentiation activity over the CSF activity by 21-fold. PMID- 6975282 TI - [Cytosolic and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of the liver of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975284 TI - Demonstration that circulating 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D is loosely regulated in normal children. AB - The effects of vitamin D, 2.5 mg (100,000 U)/d for 4 d, on serum calcium, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and serum 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1 alpha, 25(OH)2D) were compared in 24 normal adults and 12 normal children. The daily dose of vitamin D was 1,500 U/kg body wt in children weighing less than 45 kg. Vitamin D increased mean serum calcium from 9.5 +/- 0.1 to 9.8 +/- 0.1 mg/dl (P less than 0.05), increased mean serum phosphorus from 4.6 +/- 0.1 to 5.0 +/- 0.1 mg/dl (P less than 0.01), increased mean serum 25-OHD from 25 +/- 3 to 34 +/- 4 ng/ml (P less than 0.001), and increased mean serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D from 34 +/- 3 to 42 +/- 4 pg/ml (P less than 0.02) in children. In contrast, vitamin D increased mean serum 25-OHD from 18 +/- 2 to 39 +/- 6 ng/ml (P less than 0.001) and did not change mean serum calcium (9.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 9.5 +/- 0.1 mg/dl), mean serum phosphorus (4.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 4.1 +/- 0.1 mg/dl), or mean serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D (31 +/- 2 vs. 29 +/- 3 pg/ml) in adults. Mean serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D was significantly higher after vitamin D in children than in adults (P less than 0.02). These results provide evidence that circulating 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D is not as tightly regulated in children as it is in adults. This difference in regulation could account in part for the higher values for serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D observed in children. PMID- 6975283 TI - A model of decreased functional alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. Pulmonary pathology of dogs exposed to chloramine T. AB - The objective of this study was to develop an animal model representative of chronic human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency. Eight dogs were treated with a mild oxidizing agent, chloramine T, with varying regimens for 3--27 wk. The capacity of the serum to inhibit both trypsin and elastase was examined and found to respond differently. Although immunologically determined levels of protease inhibitor did not change, the ability of serum to inhibit elastase in an in vitro assay decreased in direct response to chloramine T treatment. The trypsin inhibitory capacity was less affected. Emphysemalike alterations in lung morphology were observable when histologic sections were evaluated both subjectively and objectively by mean linear intercept measurements. The data suggest that this model parallels the emphysema associated with the genetic alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency in man. PMID- 6975287 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography in the canine lung. AB - A whole body single photon emission computed tomographic system (SPECT) has been used to investigate canine pulmonary perfusion utilizing 99mTc-microspheres and has been compared to conventional radionuclide pulmonary perfusion studies. The SPECT data were reconstructed and displayed in 32 transverse, 16 sagittal, and 16 coronal plane sections, producing additional anatomical information on the pattern of pulmonary perfusion compared to that available with the conventional perfusion scan. The major bronchi, the major blood vessels, and the pulmonary hila are readily seen on the SPECT examination (confirmed anatomically) but are not easily identified on a conventional lung scan. Qualitative assessment of serial SPECT scans established that the distribution and relative concentration of infected radiopharmaceutical was consistent provided the studies had been performed with the animal in the same anatomical position. Changes in the dog's position resulted in a redistribution of radiopharmaceutical such that the most dependent lung contained the greatest concentration. PMID- 6975286 TI - A method for calculating regional cerebral blood flow from emission computed tomography of inert gas concentrations. AB - Emission tomography of positron or gamma emitting inert gases allows calculation of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in cross-sectional slices of human brain. An algorithm is presented for rCBF calculations from a sequence of time averaged tomograms using inhaled 133Xe. The approach is designed to avoid loss of information in brain areas with low flow rates. It is based on linearizing and scaling the early isotope distribution picture (recorded from 0 to 2 min) in rCBF units of ml/100 g/min. This is done by calculating the time constant ki for pixels with high count rate using the entire sequence of four 1 min pictures and using a fixed value for the brain:blood partition coefficient, lambda. The method is essentially based on the bolus distribution principle, and it allows the estimation of blood flow in ischemic areas. Application to positron emission tomography is discussed. PMID- 6975285 TI - The cannabinoids as potential antiepileptics. AB - Comparative studies of the anticonvulsant properties of the cannabinoids and prototype antiepileptic drugs in numerous animal seizure models demonstrate that (1) as an anticonvulsant, cannabidiol (CBD), in contrast to delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is relatively selective in terms of both central nervous system (CNS), depressant and excitatory properties; (2) the potency of cannabidiol, unlike that of phenytoin and phenobarbital, varies greatly with the species; (3) the large potency difference between the cannabinoids and the antiepileptics in the mouse appears to be due to dispositional differences, because brain concentrations of all the drugs are very similar; (4) tolerance to the anticonvulsant properties of cannabidiol is not a prominent feature; in three seizure models, tolerance developed in one, but "reverse tolerance" developed in the other two; and (5) the results of a study of the electrophysiologic mechanisms of action indicate that cannabidiol produces some unique effects and that its spectrum of antiepileptic activity may be different from that of the prototype drugs. The anticonvulsant nature of cannabidiol suggests that it has a therapeutic potential in at least three of the four major types of epilepsy: grand mal, cortical focal, and complex partial seizures. PMID- 6975288 TI - An index of pulmonary edema measured with emission computed tomography. AB - Positron camera and short-lived biological isotopes are used to obtain transverse sections of lung volume, blood volume, and total lung water of dog lungs to assess the degree of pulmonary edema in normal and edematous dogs. At equilibration with specific isotope, 30 equally spaced angular profiles of the distribution are collected to obtain transverse section images. Emission computed number is obtained in the lung and heart areas for the images obtained with an intravascular marker (11CO) and intra- and extravascular marker (C15O2). The emission computed number ratio of lung to heart for C15O2 images is an index that is related to degree of edema. Emission computed number related to extravascular water can be obtained from normalized (C15O2--11CO) scintigrams. The technique is noninvasive. PMID- 6975289 TI - Quantitation in positron emission computed tomography: 5. Physical--anatomical effects. AB - The effect of neuroanatomical structure size, shape, and position versus spatial tomographic resolution on quantitation in positron computed tomography was investigated. For neuroanatomical structures, voxel sizes in excess of 3 ml exceeded the volume of most structures examined. When the voxel size exceeded structure volume, calculated recovery coefficient (fraction of the true isotope concentration measured in the image) fell to less than or equal to 42%. Partial volume effects in the plane of section analyzed by computer simulation produced errors that were largest for small, thin, irregularly shaped structures whose averaged pixel values were most different from neighboring structures. Smallest errors occurred in large, circular structures surrounded by regions of similar pixel values. Computer simulation of regional cerebral asymmetries of pixel values demonstrated that the measurement of these asymmetries was often predominated (enhanced or obliterated) by partial volume effects related to structure size and shape. Large, circular, and widely separated regional asymmetries were more easily detected at a given spatial resolution than small, thin, adjacent regions. Recommendations for error reduction and possible correction factors are provided and discussed. PMID- 6975290 TI - Sampling properties of stationary and half-rotation rings in positron emission tomography. AB - The aim in positron emission tomography is to provide quantitative information about the uptake, localization, and turnover of labeled molecules in the human body. Instruments designed for this purpose are based on the coincidence detection of the emitted annihilation photons. In this paper, we examine those instruments that use a ring of detectors. We investigate such instruments with respect to their sampling properties in the stationary and half-rotation modes. It is shown that, although the half-rotation motion provides an improvement if the data are treated as a set of parallel projections, there is no improvement when divergent projections are assumed by the reconstruction procedure. The effects on reconstruction quality of the radial and the angular sampling in ring collected data are discussed and illustrated. PMID- 6975294 TI - T-dependent immunity in aged humans. I. Evaluation of T-cell subpopulations before and after short term administration of a thymic extract. AB - T lymphocytes, T lymphocyte subpopulations and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to recall antigens were studied in 20 aged subjects clinically unaffected by disorders of the immune system. T-cells evaluated by the sheep rosette test and absolute T-cell number were within normal range. T-cell subsets were studied by the high affinity rosetting test and by the sheep rosette test after pre incubation with theophylline; such methods have been shown by others to discriminate between T-cells with helper or suppressor activity. We did not observe an imbalance of such subpopulations. Skin reactivity to recall antigens (Candida and SK-SD) was depressed in several cases. Since a decline in serum levels of thymic hormones has been reported in the ageing and it is suggested that this could account for the T-dependent immunity defect, we treated these patients with a bovine thymic extract (thymostimulin, TP-1) 1 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days. Immunological tests were performed again after this therapy but no modifications were observed. We may conclude that the aged subjects studied in this paper present normal relative and absolute number of T-cells and T subpopulations, whereas the function of T-cells, as assessed by skin reactivity to recall antigens is often depressed. Short term therapy with TP-1 at the above mentioned dosage was ineffective in modifying the parameters analysed. PMID- 6975293 TI - Practice location--how some students decide. PMID- 6975292 TI - Epidermal growth factor and proliferation of odontogenic cells in culture. AB - The proliferation of bovine odontogenic epithelial (OE) and mesenchymal (OM) cells cultured in the presence of varying concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was examined. After a delay of two to three d, EGF-supplemented cultures contained significantly more cells than did controls. This effect was dose-dependent, was maximal at 10-9 g EGF/ml for OE and 10-8 g EGF/ml for OM, and was dependent on the presence of serum in the culture medium. The results suggest the possibility that EGF may play a role in the control of odontogenic cell proliferation in vivo. PMID- 6975291 TI - Chronological development of the dentition of medically indigent children: a new perspective. AB - The following conclusions can be derived from the results of this study: A cross sectional survey approach is useful in collecting and evaluating relatively large numbers of dentitions. With an increase in the number of categories pertaining to both development and the age, a sufficiently large sample size is necessary to establish validity. Increasing both the number of developmental stages and the number of age divisions makes for more precise measurement. There is a need for sex-specific standards, because females are significantly more advanced than males, in tooth formation. Comparison with other studies suggests that socio economic status is a factor in tooth development. However, well-controlled epidemiologic studies are necessary to identify contributory factors. Presently, international surveys have not attempted this methodology; comparisons, therefore, between studies rely upon varied selection of populations and subjective charting of radiographs, which make any conclusions tentative, at best. Specific populations, because of wide ranges in developmental rates, must have their own charts. The traditional age-stage standard is too general and imprecise, to be useful for identification purposes. PMID- 6975295 TI - Variants from a MLV-induced lymphoma selected for decreased sensitivity to NK lysis. PMID- 6975299 TI - Non-MHC-linked genetic control of murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to hapten-modified syngeneic cells. PMID- 6975296 TI - Interaction of reovirus with cell surface receptors. III. Reovirus type 3 induces capping of viral receptors on murine lymphocytes. AB - We have previously shown that there are receptors for the hemagglutinin of reovirus type 3 on a subset of both murine T and B cells. Using purified reovirus type 3 particles as a ligand, followed by FITC-labeled antiviral antibody we have now been able to demonstrate viral induced capping of the reovirus receptor on both B and T cells. Kinetic studies and inhibition experiments using cytochalasin B and colchicine demonstrate that reovirus-induced capping of the viral receptor on both B and T cells has characteristics identical to the capping of immunoglobulin on B cells by anti-immunoglobulin reagents. Removal of the viral receptor and reexpression after overnight culture was demonstrated after membrane treatment by proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, pronase) or after viral induced modulation of receptor. Protein synthesis was required for reexpression since cyclohexamide prevented the reexpression of receptor in culture. Co-capping studies utilizing 2-color immunofluorescence failed to identify and association between the reovirus receptor and a variety of known surface structures on either B or T cells, but demonstrated independent modulation of the viral receptor from other surface structures. These studies suggest that the lymphocyte surface binding site for reovirus type 3 is a distinct structure that behaves identically in capping studies of both B and T cells, is protein in nature, and is intimately linked to the cell cytoskeleton. PMID- 6975297 TI - Formation of IgE-binding factors by rat T lymphocytes. II. Mechanisms of selective formation of IgE-potentiating factors by treatment with Bordetella pertussis vaccine. PMID- 6975298 TI - Formation of IgE-binding factors by rat T lymphocytes. III. Mechanisms of selective formation of IgE-suppressive factors by treatment with complete Freund's adjuvant. PMID- 6975300 TI - Spontaneous release of a factor with properties of T cell growth factor from a continuous line of primate tumor T cells. AB - A continuous lymphoid cell line had been previously established from a gibbon with spontaneous lymphosarcoma. This cell line, designated as MLA144, when tested after several years in culture was shown to release spontaneously a factor biologically and biochemically similar to human T cell growth factor (TCGF). Conditioned media (CM) from MLA144 cells support growth and DNA synthesis of T cells from humans, several other species of primates, and also from mice and rabbits. The activity in the MLA144 CM is resistant to 60 degrees C and to low and high pH, has a m.w., as determined by gel filtration, of 21,500, elutes from DEAE-cellulose at 0.04 to 0.06 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.6, and has an isoelectric point of about 6.45. Surface-marker analysis of MLA144 cells by rosetting techniques indicates that they are T cells lacking in the receptor for the Fc portion of IgG. The release of TCGF by MLA144 cells should have practical value in terms of ease of TCGF production and should be of great help in the facilitation of studies on the cell biology and molecular biology of TCGF production. PMID- 6975301 TI - Studies on natural killer (NK) cells. II. Serologic evidence for heterogeneity of murine NK cells. AB - NK cells are divided into 2 subclasses on the basis of cell surface antigens: NKA cells, which preferentially lyse lymphoma cells and which are readily destroyed by treatment with anti-H-2, rabbit anti-mouse, or anti-NK specific antibodies in the presence of C; and NKB cells, which preferentially lyse nonlymphoma tumor cells and which are resistant to anti-NK specific antibodies, partially sensitive to anti-H-2 specific antibodies, and only fully sensitive to rabbit anti-mouse serum and C. Thus, suspensions of spleen cells that were treated with anti-NK-1.2 antibodies and C lost virtually all lytic activity for 6 lymphoma cell lines, whereas lytic activity for 2 nonlymphoma cell lines remained largely intact. It must be noted, however, that unlike NK-1.2 expression, target cell preference is not an absolute indicator of NK cell subclass. Cytotoxic T cells were readily distinguished from NKA and NKB cells on the basis of their sensitivity to monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies and resistance to anti-NK-1.2 antiserum and C. PMID- 6975302 TI - Biochemical characterization of Ia alloantigens in guinea pigs. II. Comparative peptide mapping of Ia antigens from B cells, T cells, and macrophages. AB - Radioactive Ia.4 molecules were prepared from 3H- or 14C-labeled splenocytes, selected PEL, or bronchoalveolar macrophages (M phi). Studies in the accompanying paper indicated that incorporation into Ia.4 in these 3 populations is due to B cells, T cells, and macrophages, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to isolate the 58,000 m.w. form of Ia.4. The eluted molecule was then reduced, and the resultant alpha and beta subunits were isolated by a second separation on SDS-PAGE. Alpha (or beta) chains from 1 population labeled with 3H-amino acids was mixed with alpha (or beta) chains obtained from a population representing a different cell type that was labeled with 14C-amino acids and the mixture was digested with trypsin. Double-label (3H/14C) comparative peptide mapping was performed using high pressure liquid chromatography to separate the peptides. Eighteen to 20 peaks of radioactivity were resolved from alpha chains, and 12 to 15 from beta chains. No reproducible differences were observed when comparing alpha or beta chains of T cells and macrophages, or those of B cells and macrophages. These results indicate that the primary structure of Ia.4 molecules is identical on the 3 cell types in question. The implications of having a T cell bearing the same Ia that it recognized on a macrophage in conjunction with antigen is discussed. PMID- 6975304 TI - Relationship of cell cycle to recovery of IL 2 activity from human mononuclear cells, human and mouse T cell lines. PMID- 6975303 TI - Heterogeneity of the granulomatous response in the liver, colon, ileum, and ileal Peyer's patches to schistosome eggs in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 6975305 TI - Induction of B cell differentiation by T cell factors. I. Stimulation of IgM secretion by products of a T cell hybridoma and a T cell line. PMID- 6975306 TI - Myelogenous production and maturation of B lymphocytes in the mouse. AB - Cells of the B lymphocyte lineage in young adult murine bone marrow were identified and resolved into compartments based on cell size and the expression of the mu heavy chain of IgM in the cytoplasm (cmu) or on the cell surface (smu). The proliferative status, renewal rate, and intercompartmental transit of cells through the defined compartments were determined using established protocols of in vivo tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) administration, followed by radioautography of bone marrow smears. In addition, we specifically tested whether any of the defined cell compartments were derived from long-lived lymphocytes that are known to enter the marrow. Only large cells immediately incorporated the DNA precursor and both small cmu+ smu- and cmu+ smu+ cells were postmitotic lymphocytes. Large cmu+ smu- cells were found to be a rapid transit compartment in which the last mitosis of B lymphocyte differentiation takes place. All large cmu+ smu- cells divided only once, and both daughter cells entered the postmitotic small cmu+ smu population. Large cmu+ smu- cells relied for their maintenance entirely on cell input from an Ig- progenitor compartment. Progenitors of cmu+ smu- large cells were not small lymphocytes, proliferated less rapidly than their descendants, and maintained the input of large cmu+ smu- cells for up to 40 hr. Approximately 70% of small cmu+ smu- cells were the immediate division products of large cmu+ smu- cells, whereas the remainder were derived from a precursor with no detectable mu synthesis. Small cmu+ smu+ cells were the maturation products of small cmu+ smu- cells. This conversion appeared to take place at random rather than as a function of postmitotic age. Renewal times for small cmu+ cells without or with detectable smu were calculated to be 48 and 96 hr, respectively. Only the cmu- smu+ compartment included long-lived cells. All other mu+ populations either proliferated or were replaced by newly produced cells. A conspicuous minor population of large smu+ B cells were detected, and the data relating to these were subjected to several interpretations. These observations provide insight into the origin and fate of B lineage precursors in the marrow and suggest a scheme for the terminal stages of B lymphocytes formation that is similar to the myelogenous production of other hemopoietic cells. PMID- 6975309 TI - Differentiation of T cells from immature precursors in murine T cell colonies. AB - We describe a system for growing murine colonies containing subsets of functional T cells derived from immature T cell precursors. In contrast with previously described systems in which colony formation appears to depend upon activation and clonal expansion of mature T cells, we obtain comparable or increased numbers of colonies after depletion of T cells from spleen or bone marrow, or on culturing spleen or bone marrow from athymic nude mice. The proportion of cells expressing the T cell surface markers Thy-1, Lyt-1, and Lyt-2 is highly variable from colony to colony, consistent with the colonies arising from immature T cells, which differentiate in the colonies to give rise to various subsets of mature T cells. PMID- 6975308 TI - Induction of indigenous immunoglobulin-containing cells by gamma-irradiation and lymphoid cell transfer in mice. AB - Mice irradiated with gamma-ray develop large numbers of Ig-containing cells of various isotypes in all the lymphoid tissues examined except the thymus. The maximal dose of irradiation is approximately 500 R/mouse. These indigenous Ig containing cells start to appear at day 3 post-irradiation, peak at day 6, and subside thereafter. The expression of the indigenous Ig-containing cells can be enhanced in the spleen of recipient mice by passive transfer of various lymphoid cells, except thymocytes. Lymphoid cells from histocompatible donors are more effective enhancers than those from nonhistocompatible donors. Cells involved in the enhancement are primarily T cells. In contrast, when T cells are eliminated from the lymphoid cell inocula, the indigenous Ig-containing cells are reduced to a level lower than that in the irradiated controls. This suppression appears to be mediated by macrophages, since recovery was found when macrophages were removed from these T cell-depleted inocula. PMID- 6975307 TI - T cell growth factor-enhanced PHA response of human thymus cells: requirement for T3+ cells. AB - Human thymocytes normally proliferate poorly in PHA-stimulated cultures, as measured by thymidine uptake. Their response increases when supernatant factors from mitogen-stimulated human lymphocyte cultures (SUP) are added. The cells that proliferate in PHA + SUP-stimulated cultures continue to divide if they are resuspended with fresh SUP every 3 to 4 days. PHA-stimulated thymocytes are deficient in the production of the T cell growth factor interleukin 2 (IL 2). The phenotype of thymocytes prior to stimulation was 90% T6+, 80% T4+, 83% T8+, and 12% T3+, whereas that of the cells after 3 days in culture with PHA + SUP was 1% T6+, 18% T4+, 66% T8+, and 80% T3+. Lysis of T3+ cells from the thymocyte preparation before culture greatly reduced the proliferative response to PHA + SUP. This suggests that the PHA-induced proliferation of more mature thymus cells is restricted by a lack of essential growth factors (either IL 1 or IL 2) and that the co-stimulating activity of SUP on human cells is predominantly on thymus cells that already are T3+. PMID- 6975310 TI - The H-2 phenotype of the thymus dictates the self-specificity expressed by thymic but not splenic cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors in thymus-engrafted nude mice. AB - The present study was performed to examine the specificity of the self recognition repertoire expressed by TNP-specific CTL precursors present in the thymus and the spleen of congenitally athymic nude mice engrafted with either semiallogeneic or fully allogeneic neonatal thymuses. It was shown that the engrafted thymus lobes were fully repopulated with cells of nude host origin and that the engrafted thymus tissue was capable of reconstituting peripheral CTL function in the nude host. Assessing the specificity of the lymphocytes differentiating within the thymus graft, the present study revealed that CTL precursors of nude host origin in the thymus grafts were nonalloreactive to both nude-host-type and thymus-type MHC determinants but were invariably restricted to the self-recognition of thymus-type, not nude-host-type, MHC determinants. Furthermore, the restricted self-recognition of thymic MHC determinants was not mediated by detectable suppression. In contrast to the restricted self recognition repertoire of CTL precursors in the thymus of these mice, CTL precursors from the spleens of the same mice were not restricted to the self recognition of thymus-type MHC determinants but instead recognized TNP in association with both host and thymus-type MHC determinants. These data demonstrate that at least in thymus-engrafted nude mice the self-recognition repertoire of thymocyte CTL, but not spleen CTL, is entirely dictated by the MHC phenotype of the thymus tissue in which they differentiate. It is proposed that the spleen CTL repertoire in these mice reflects the coexistence of at least 2 CTL subpopulations, 1 that differentiated within the engrafted thymus and 1 that differentiated outside the engrafted thymus. PMID- 6975312 TI - Influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T cells are restricted by multiple HLA-A3 related self antigens: evidence for recognition of distinct self structures in conjunction with different foreign antigens. AB - In the experiments described in this report we examined the similarities and differences in target cell recognition by influenza-immune CTL that share HLA-A3 but no other defined HLA-A, -B, or -C specificity with each of a panel of virus infected target cells. Virus-immune CTL populations obtained from selected HLA-A3 positive donors can distinguish between the virus-infected target cells of unrelated donors, as assessed by direct cytotoxicity and cold target inhibition. The CTL restriction antigens that are associated with HLA-A3 in the population are encoded by gene(s) that segregate with HLA-A3 in an HLA-A/C recombinant family. These results suggest that HLA-A3-positive cells from unrelated individuals may differ with respect to 1 or more individual CTL restriction antigens associated with their HLA-A3 molecules, and that each of these distinct restriction antigens is recognized by a different subpopulation of virus-immune CTL. Analysis of the self specificity of T cells from individual donors sensitized against 2 noncross-reacting viruses, type A and type B influenza, indicated that CTL can recognize different foreign antigens in conjunction with different HLA-A3-related self antigens. These results are consistent with a model that proposes that each HLA-A and -B molecule possesses multiple CTL restriction antigens, each of which may function as self recognition structures for CTL that respond to different foreign antigens. PMID- 6975311 TI - Natural killer activity in the rat. II. Analysis of surface antigens on LGL by flow cytometry. AB - With the use of monoclonal antibodies and continuous flow microfluorometry, we have examined the cell surface antigenic characteristic of rat large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and compared them with monocytes, T cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The antigenic profile of rat LGL was of particular interest because these cells have been shown to be highly associated with natural killer (NK) activity. This analysis of enriched populations demonstrated that rat LGL are in antigenically distinct population of cells that share some characteristics with monocytes, T cells, and PMN. Essentially all of the cells in the enriched LGL population expressed with W3/13, OX-8, leukocyte common (L-C), and asialo GM1 antigens. A portion of these cells were also positive with a monoclonal Ab against the ART-1a antigen. In contrast, few LGL expressed the Ia, W3/25, surface immunoglobulin (sIg), or Thy 1.1 antigens. Monocytes demonstrated a pattern of reactivity similar to LGL but were found to by OX-8 negative. As previously reported, a portion of the T cells were found to express ART-1a, W3/25, and/or OX-8. These results demonstrate that rat LGL are not typical T cells, B cells, monocytes, or PMN. However, the sharing of antigenic markers by LGL with some T cells and monocytes raises the possibility that LGL may be in the development lineage of 1 of these populations. PMID- 6975313 TI - Inhibition of lectin-induced lymphocyte activation by 2-cyclohexene-1-one: decreased intracellular glutathione inhibits an early event in the activation sequence. AB - The importance of normal intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in the activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by mitogenic lectins was explored using 2-cyclohexene-1-one (2-CHX-1), an agent that selectively decreases the levels of intracellular GSH. PBL incubated with mitogenic lectins and graded doses of 2-CHX-1 showed a dose-dependent inhibition of activation assayed by [3H] thymidine uptake and percentage of blast transformation. 2.5 x 10(-5) M 2-CHX-1, a concentration that decreases GSH levels to less than 20% of control, caused an 80 to 90% suppression of both [3H]-thymidine uptake and blast transformation; lower concentrations were less effective. Time course studies showed that 2-CHX-1 was maximally effective only if added during the first 4 hr of culture. At the concentrations used, 2-CHX-1 was not cytotoxic to lectin-stimulated or unstimulated PBL and did not interfere with mitogen-lymphocyte interaction. These results suggest that adequate levels of glutathione are necessary for lymphocyte activation and that the glutathione requirement is exerted in the early activation sequence. PMID- 6975315 TI - A monoclonal antibody specific for immature human hemopoietic cells and T lineage cells. AB - An anti-human monoclonal antibody (RFB-1) has been produced that reacts with a group of hemopoietic precursor cells in human bone marrow. These include terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive (TdT+) cells and myeloid colony-forming unit cells, functionally identifiable progenitor cells of the granulocytic monocytic series. The expression of RFB-1 antigen on myeloid cells decreases as the cells become more mature; myeloblasts are weakly RFB-1+ but most promyelocytes are RFB-1-. RFB-1 also reacts with TdT+ thymic blast cells and cortical thymocytes but is unreactive with TdT- medullary thymocytes, although the majority of peripheral T cells are weakly RFB-1+. RFB-1 is the first anti precursor cell reagent that labels human TdT+ cells in both the thymus and bone marrow as well as hemopoietic precursor cells but is unreactive with pre-B blasts and B lymphocytes. PMID- 6975314 TI - Antigens displayed on murine B lymphocyte precursors. AB - The surface antigen phenotype of the immediate precursors of clonable B lymphocytes was investigated with conventional alloantisera and monoclonal antibodies directed by B lineage antigens. Ia was demonstrable on B cells, but not their immediate precursors in adult marrow. Adult, but not fetal, B cell precursors were susceptible to lysis with anti-Lyb-2 or anti-Qa. A panel of monoclonal rat antibodies was prepared and placed into categories on the basis of recognition patterns obtained with established cell lines. Of 2 groups that are described here, 1 (typified by antibodies from clone 14.8) detect an antigen that is preferentially expressed on B cells and their precursors, a proportion of antibody-secreting cells, and a subpopulation of peripheral T lymphocytes. Cells that did not display demonstrable amounts of antigen include brain, granulocytes, macrophages, mastocytoma cells, and erythroleukemia cells. A 2nd category of antibodies revealed an antigen that was more widely distributed on hemopoietic cells. Cells capable of quickly maturing into functional, colony-forming B lymphocytes in culture or after transfer to irradiated recipients specifically adhered to 14.8 antibody-coated, polystyrene petri dishes in the cold. Reductions in numbers of stem cells (CFU-s) and myeloid progenitors (CFU-c) by this treatment were minimal. Of particular importance was the fact that these antibodies recognized cells in embryonic liver as well as in adults that were destined to become B lymphocytes. These observations provide new perspective on B lineage precursor heterogeneity and suggest ways of localizing and dissecting some of the earliest events that are critical to development of the humoral immune system. PMID- 6975316 TI - Nonspecific immunosuppressive factors in malignant ascites: further characterization and possible relationship to erythrocyte receptors of human peripheral T cells. AB - Nonspecific suppressor factor has been purified from malignant human ascites through partial delipidation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ACA-22 gel filtration followed by goat anti-human IgG immunoadsorbent chromatography. Molecular weight estimated by SDS-PAGE under mild reducing conditions is 50,000 and 25,000 under vigorous reducing conditions. It inhibits PHA, Con A, and PWM responses of peripheral lymphocytes by 50% at microgram concentrations per milliliter in vitro and inhibits plaque-forming cell response to SRBC at 100 microgram/mouse in vivo. It also inhibits 2-way mixed lymphocyte reactions and natural killer cell activities. It inhibits SRBC rosette formation of peripheral T cells and appears to be an erythrocyte receptor of peripheral T cells. PMID- 6975318 TI - Biochemical and biologic characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. VIII. Purification of interleukin 2 from a human T cell leukemia. AB - The ability of interleukin 2 (IL 2) to stimulate and maintain growth in IL 2 dependent cell lines distinguishes this substance from interleukin 1 and other T cell lymphokines. Jurkat-FHCRC, a human T cell leukemia cell line, has been shown to produce relatively high quantities of IL 2 after stimulation with the T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A. In this paper we describe techniques used to isolate human IL 2 from Jurkat supernatants and the biochemical properties of the resulting material. IL 2 produced by this cell line is eluted from a DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange column with 0.05 M NaCl and has a m.w. determined by AcA54 gel chromatography in the range of 9000 to 18,000. Isoelectric focusing yields active material with a pI value of 7.75. Elution of IL 2 from a SDS-polyacrylamide gel shows it to have a m.w. of approximately 13,500. This material is capable of stimulating mouse as well as human IL 2 dependent cell lines. PMID- 6975317 TI - Alloreactive cloned T cell lines. V. Differential kinetics of IL 2, CSF, and BCSF release by a cloned T amplifier cell and its variant. AB - A noncytolytic, Thy-1+, MIs-responsive cloned T amplifier cell, designated L2, derived from secondary C57BL/6 anti-DBA/2 mixed leukocyte culture was found to produce IL 2 (Interleukin 2), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF), and a polyclonal B cell-stimulating factor (BCSF) after alloantigenic stimulation. IL 2 activity was present transiently, with maximal levels observed 12 to 24 hr after exposure to alloantigen. Only trace amounts were present 96 hr after initiation of culture. CSF and BCSF activities were present at high levels by 24 hr and remained elevated throughout an 8-day culture period. Further evidence that the lymphokine(s) having IL 2 activity is different from those having CSF and BCSF activities was provided by L2V, a variant of L2 that did not produce IL 2. The time course of CSF and BCSF production by L2V after stimulation with alloantigen was similar to that found with L2, although IL 2 activity was not detected at any time. Since the release of lymphokines from both L2 and L2V cells could be induced by Con A in the absence of stimulating alloantigen, it is likely that the biologically active factors were produced by the cloned T cell. PMID- 6975321 TI - Determination of surface antigens on highly purified human NK cells by flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies. AB - We examined highly purified populations of NK cells, T cells, monocytes, and PMN with a variety of monoclonal reagents presumed specific for T cells and monocytes. The enriched NK cells showed a pattern of reactivity that was distinct from that of the other 3 populations, sharing antigens with T cells but also sharing antigens with monocytes and/or PMN. A portion of the enriched NK cells expressed OKT8, OKT10, and Lyt-3 antigens that were reported previously as T cell associated antigens, but no reactivity was seen with other T cell-associated antigens (OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, and OKT11). In addition a portion of the enriched NK cells were positive for OKM1, asialo-GM1, and Ia antigens, which are undetectable on typical T cells but are present on PMN and/or monocytes. By depletion of antigen-positive cells on antibody monolayers, it was found that the activity of the enriched NK population was associated mainly with cells reactive with OKT10, OKM1, and Lyt-3. Although considerable evidence exists to support the T lineage of NK cells, the sharing of some antigens by NK cells and monocytes has suggested a possible relationship of NK cells to cells of the monocyte lineage. A possibility certainly exists that NK cells are not in either T cell or monocyte lineages and may represent a separate lineage of lymphoid cells. PMID- 6975322 TI - Translation of lymphocyte mRNA into biologically-active Interleukin 2 in oocytes. AB - A variant line of murine T lymphoma EL4 produces high levels of the lymphokine Interleukin 2 (IL 2) when it is stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate. We have extracted poly A+ RNA from the stimulated cells and injected it into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The injected oocytes synthesize a material with biologic and biochemical properties of murine IL 2. Namely, it stimulates the continued growth of a cloned, cytotoxic T cell line (the T cell growth factor assay) and it chromatographs on a gel filtration column (G-100) with IL 2 produced by the stimulated EL4 line. The RNA responsible for the biologic activity sediments with markers of 11 to 12S in a sucrose gradient. The IL 2 produced by injected oocytes from a given preparation of mRNA is about 1% of the amount produced by the EL4 cells stimulated originally with phorbol myristate acetate. When RNA is extracted and purified from unstimulated EL4 cells it does not induce IL 2 production in oocytes. We conclude that IL 2 is essentially protein in nature, that the protein is coded for by poly A+ mRNA, and that the amount of this mRNA increases significantly after stimulation of the variant EL4 cells with the inducer phorbol myristate acetate. PMID- 6975319 TI - Fine-specificity of the immune response to oxazolones. II. Cytolytic T cells. AB - Hapten-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated either by culturing live mouse spleen cells together with syngeneic haptenated mitomycin-treated spleen cells, or by painting cyclophosphamide-treated mice with the (chemically reactive) haptens. The specificity of the CTL was then tested by using lymphoblast targets coupled with the immunizing hapten or its analogs. Four haptens of the 5-oxazolone family were used. They couple to proteins via carbon atom 4 and had different substitutions at carbon atom 2. CTL originating from the in vivo or in vitro immunization gave identical results. They were specific for the genotype of the immunizing cell and for the hapten (oxazolone family). Syngeneic targets coupled with an unrelated hapten were not killed, nor were allogeneic (H-2-incompatible) targets coupled with any of the oxazolones. Oxazolone-specific CTL could be generated with all 4 oxazolones tested, but all 4 types of killer cells preferred targets coupled with 1 hapten, propenyl Ox. CTL generated with phenyl Ox, furyl Ox, or F-phenyl Ox were thus "heteroclitic" (preference for a chemical analog over the immunogen). PMID- 6975320 TI - Immune responsiveness of SM/J mice: hyper NK cell activity mediated by NK 1+ Qa 5 cells. AB - Compared with other inbred strains, SM/J mice have both abnormally high responses to B cell mitogens and hyper NK cell and K cell activity. This hyper NK cell activity is evident even in older SM/J animals, and a high proportion of SM/J nylon-nonadherent lymphocytes that bind target cells also have lytic activity. The SM/J NK cells are NK 1+, Qa 5-, but H-2v identical B10.SM congenic mice have normal NK activity and NK 1+, Qa 5+ NK cells. Together these results suggest the elevation of NK cell activity in SM/J mice is due to chronic activation or maintenance of a Qa 5- NK cell subset. The genetic control of B cell responsiveness and NK cell activity was examined in (B6 x SM)F1 x B6 backcross progeny and (A x SM)F2 intercross mice. No correlation between NK levels and mitogen responsiveness was detected. NK levels in SM/J mice appear to be under polygenic, non-H-2 gene control. PMID- 6975323 TI - Diseases caused by reactions of T lymphocytes to incompatible structures of the major histocompatibility complex. V. High titers of IgG autoantibodies to double stranded DNA. AB - IgG autoantibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), reaching a maximal serum titer of 1 in 2560, were spontaneously produced by (C57BL/10 x DBA/2)F1 mice injected with T lymphocytes from strain DBA/2. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected by the indirect immunofluorescence technique applying the kinetoplast dsDNA of Crithidea luciliae as antigenic substrate. The anti-dsDNA antibodies belonged to the IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA (sub)classes. That of least some of them were produced by B cells of the F1 recipients was shown by the presence of F1-derived Ig-1b allotypic markers on such antibodies. In the F1 recipients, an incompatibility at H-2 was required for the formation of anti-dsDNA. These findings are consistent with the concept that the mechanism underlying the formation of SLE-like autoantibodies in this model is an abnormal cooperation between alloreactive donor T cells, presumably helper T (TH) cells, and H-2-incompatible F1 B cells. It is known from the literature that abnormal T-B cell cooperation is a unique tool for inducing vigorous primary antibody responses to antigens that carry repeating antigenic determinants on a rigid backbone and are poor immunogens or tolerogens in the absence of abnormal T-B cell cooperation. We suggest that the self-antigen dsDNA falls into the same category of structurally and immunologically peculiar antigens. PMID- 6975324 TI - Stoichiometry and sedimentation properties of the complex formed between the C1q and C1r2C1s2 subcomponents of the first component of complement. AB - We have examined the functional and hydrodynamic properties of the first component of human complement, C1, and the activated first component, C1-, reassembled in the presence of Ca++ from C1q and either the C1r2C1s2 or the C1r 2C1s-2 tetramer. Reconstituted C1 has hemolytic activity similar to C1 in serum. As long as either tetramer is in excess and the total concentration is low, we find that only a 1:1 complex is formed between C1q and either the unactivated or activated tetramer. This complex sediments at 15.9 +/- 0.2 Svedbergs and has a complex sediments at 15.9 +/- 0.2 Svedbergs and has a m.w. of 739,000 +/- 37,000. The boundary shape of the sedimenting C1- preparation was broader than that of C1 suggesting the association constant between C1r2C1s2 and C1q may have decreased upon activation. At elevated concentrations, with more than a molar excess of C1q, C1 aggregated to form both 16S and 23S species. PMID- 6975325 TI - Interleukin 2 deficiency is a common feature of autoimmune mice. AB - IL 2 production was studied in autoimmune mice to assess the role of this lymphokine in the pathogenesis of murine lupus. Spleen and lymph node cells from autoimmune-susceptible mice show an age-dependent loss in the ability to produce functional IL 2. This defect correlates with disease expression and is most severe in MLR/Mp-Ipr/Ipr mice. MLR/Mp-Ipr/Ipr thymocytes gradually lose responsiveness to IL 2 with age. These results suggest that the immunoregulatory abnormalities of autoimmune mice may be due in part to IL 2 deficiency. PMID- 6975326 TI - A monoclonal antibody discriminating between subsets of T and B cells. AB - A description is given of a rat anti-mouse hybridoma antibody, JIId, which reacts with erythrocytes, neutrophils, greater than 90% of thymus cells, and most B cells. JIId does not have detectable activity for mature T cells, pluripotential stem cells, platelets, or cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Although the JIId antigen is present on 90 to 95% of typical small B lymphocytes, pretreatment of spleen cells with JIId plus complement has no effect on secondary IgG antibody responses; by contrast, primary IgM responses and proliferative responses to lipopolysaccharide are substantially reduced. Unlike the precursors of IgG antibody-producing cells (AFC), IgG AFC per se are strongly JIId-positive. Rapid acquisition of the JIId antigen also applied to the early progeny of pluripotential stem cells. PMID- 6975327 TI - Individual rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes reactive to anti-immunoglobulin and phytohemagglutinin or Concanavalin A identified by immunoelectronmicroscopic demonstration of endocytosis. AB - Individual rabbit lymphocytes reactive to phytohemagglutinin or Concanavalin A, and bearing membrane-associated surface immunoglobulin have been identified by electron microscopy. Endocytosis of lectin-lectin receptor complexes, which has previously been shown to be a marker for subsequent lectin-induced blast transformation was used as a marker for lectin reactivity. Surface immunoglobulin was detected by modified mixed antiglobulin (Coombs) technique. Lectin-reactive, sIg-bearing cells are well represented among lymphocytes from peripheral blood. Few of these cells, however, are found among lymphocytes isolated from spleen or popliteal lymph node. From these results it is suggested that some rabbit lymphocytes from peripheral blood share T cell (lectin reactivity) and B cell (bearing sIg) properties, or that reactivity to Con A is not an exclusive T cell property and sIg is not an exclusive property of B cells. PMID- 6975328 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide modulation of lymphocyte adenylate cyclase. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was found to be a potent stimulator of lymphocyte adenylate cyclase activity. VIP-induced activation of adenylate cyclase was specific for lymphocytes among peripheral blood cells; i.e., VIP did not stimulate the adenylate cyclase activity of neutrophils, monocytes, or platelets. The VIP-induced activation of lymphocyte adenylate cyclase was time, temperature, and concentration dependent. VIP and the GTP analog, Gpp(NH)p, acted synergistically to stimulate lymphocyte adenylate cyclase; stimulation by VIP and PGE1 was additive; and VIP activation was antagonized by somatostatin. VIP mediated activation of lymphocyte adenylate cyclase was observed in normal human T cells, B cells obtained from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and a human T cell culture line. The Raji human B cell culture line did possess adenylate cyclase activity, but this activity was not stimulated by VIP. These results suggest that lymphocytes possess functional receptors for VIP and that this peptide may play a role in modulation of lymphocyte function. PMID- 6975329 TI - Human T cell leukemia antigens on the cell membranes: purification molecular characterization, and preparation of specific antisera. PMID- 6975330 TI - Specific anti-influenza virus antibody production in vitro by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - Cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated in vitro with influenza virus were found to produce anti-influenza virus antibody. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure cumulative antibody secretion into culture supernatants. Optimal antibody production was obtained with 2 x 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in flat-bottomed wells for 12 days in 2 ml of RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, antibiotics, and 4 mM L-glutamine. Antibody could be detected in cultures stimulated with live A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2), purified formalin-inactivated A/Aichi/68 (H3N2), or live B/Hong Kong/68 influenza virus. Antibody of both IgG and IgM isotypes was produced. Under optimum conditions, the secreted IgG antibody was found to be directed preferentially at antigens on the stimulating virus. Antibody production was shown to require the cooperative interaction of B and T cells. Poisson analysis of B cell precursor frequency showed that approximately 1 in 40,000 B cells could be induced to produce IgG anti-influenza virus antibody in virus stimulated cultures. Further investigation of this in vitro response should allow dissection of the cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of antibody production in man. PMID- 6975331 TI - Fluorescence analysis and anatomic distribution of mouse T lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies to the antigens Thy-1, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, and T-200. PMID- 6975333 TI - Protein glycosylation is required for the proliferation of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. PMID- 6975332 TI - IgA-specific helper activity of T alpha cells in human peripheral blood. AB - A subpopulation of human T lymphocytes that express receptors of immunoglobulin A (T alpha cells) was separated by a FACS using FITC-conjugated human IgA myeloma protein in order to determine whether they have helper activity for in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis in comparison with a T alpha cell population separated by rosette formation using PTN-ORBC conjugated with MOPC-315 mouse IgA myeloma protein. FACS-separated T alpha cells have IgA specific helper activity, whereas rosette-separated T alpha cells have polyclonal helper activity for in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis in PWM-stimulated B cells. The polyclonal helper activity observed in rosette-separated T alpha cells might be due to contamination of non-T alpha cells in the T alpha cell fraction. It is concluded that purified T alpha cells in normal human peripheral blood show IgA-specific helper activity in vitro. PMID- 6975334 TI - H-2D antigens released by thymocytes and cell adhesion. AB - The identity and complete purification of mouse Thymocyte Interaction Modulation Factor (T IMF) is described. Use of silver-stained PAGE methods shows that previous methods of purification yield preparations containing two protein or glycoprotein bands. T IMF activity from H-2k mice can be bound to 15.5.5 monoclonal antibody columns (anti H-2 Dk) but not to 11.4.1 columns (anti H-2 Kk). The activity can be recovered from 15.5.5 columns and runs on PAGE aa a single band at approximately 34,000 Daltons. This evidence together with previous evidence relating the activity to H-2D locus argues that T IMF is a soluble H-2 D antigen fragment equivalent to a papainized H-2 fragment. Additional evidence is presented on an improved method of assay of T IMF activity, on its inactivation by enzymes and serine-esterase inhibitors and of its effect on syngeneic leucocytes and macrophages. It is shown that T IMF is not appreciably toxic cells. PMID- 6975335 TI - Preliminary observations on human vaginal and intestinal trichomonads. PMID- 6975337 TI - [A male case of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975338 TI - [Anticancer immunity and cancer immunotherapy with cell wall skeleton and related synthetic compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975336 TI - Histopathological study of gastric mucosa versus the gastric secretory activity in cases of bilharzial hepatic fibrosis and its relations to upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6975339 TI - [A case of chronic renal failure with status epilepticus and visual disturbance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975340 TI - Cochleo-vestibular correlates of tinnitus: tinnitogram. PMID- 6975341 TI - Electrical stimulation of the auditory system and tinnitus control. PMID- 6975342 TI - Reduction of tinnitus in cochlear-implant patients. PMID- 6975345 TI - Effects of trimethoprim and sulphonamide preparations on the pituitary-thyroid axis of rodents. AB - The effects on pituitary-thyroid function of the commonly prescribed anti bacterial preparations co-trimoxazole and co-trifamole, and their component drugs, have been studied in the rat and compared to the changes caused by propylthiouracil. Co-trimoxazole and co-trifamole, in doses 20-fold in excess of a pharmacological dose administered for 10 days, produced marked changes in hormone levels consistent with blocking of hyperplastic goitre formation, were also demonstrated. Propylthiouracil produced less marked changes of thyroid hormone levels but higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Pharmacological doses of co-trimoxazole and co-trifamole and sulphamoxole, the sulphonamide component of co-trifamole, caused significant changes in thyroid hormone levels consistent with anti-thyroidal activity. In contrast, there was no evidence that trimethoprim, which is common to both preparations, or sulphamethoxazole, the sulphonamide component of co-trimoxazole, had an anti-thyroidal action, indeed, serum thyroxine levels were significantly increased at pharmacological dosage. We have concluded that the new commonly prescribed combination preparations retain the goitrogenic properties of the earlier sulphonamides. PMID- 6975344 TI - Tinnitus and physiological correlates of the cochleo-vestibular system: peripheral; central. PMID- 6975343 TI - Tinnitus and neurosurgical disease. PMID- 6975348 TI - Alteration of clonal profile. III. T15 ontogenetic advantages are not sufficient for establishing idiotypic dominance in adoptive transfer. AB - We have examined the ontogeny of BALB/c plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to phosphorylcholine (PC) from fetal and neonatal liver by using the (CBA/N x BALB/c)F1 transplantation model. In this system, thymus-dependent (PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin) and thymus-independent class 1 (PC-Brucella abortus, PC lipopolysaccharide) PC antigens stimulate B cell subpopulations, which functionally emerge early after transfer. Responsiveness to a thymus-independent class 2 antigen, C-polysaccharide extract of a Streptococcus pneumoniae mutant, is acquired later. The response to PC antigens tested initially exhibited T15 dominance. Non-T15 clones, which are not expressed to a great degree in normal BALB/c mice, are inherently slow in their rate of maturation; in adoptive transfer, however, they eventually comprise much of the transplanted anti-PC PFC response. Obviously, the advantages the T15 subset has in ontogeny do not result in idiotypic dominance once the immature cells are removed from the intact BALB/c environment. We discuss possible regulatory mechanisms involved in the alteration of the T15+:T15- ratio. PMID- 6975349 TI - Long-term culture and cloning of nontransformed human B lymphocytes. AB - B lymphocyte-enriched cell populations cultured with mitogens in initial suspension cultures formed colonies in soft agar when the same mitogenic agent was present in the lower layer of a two-layer soft agar system. Colony formation depended upon the presence of T cells in the initial culture, and was optimal after an initial 72-h culture with phytohemagglutinin (PHA; 12.5 microliters/ml), pokeweed mitogen (PWM; 2.5 micrograms/ml), or protein A (10 micrograms/ml). The colonies could be picked from the agar and propagated by feeding every 3 d with medium supplemented with a growth factor-containing tissue culture supernate. The growth factor-containing supernate was prepared by stimulating pools of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 72 h with PHA or PWM. The lines propagated in this manner were membrane Ig+, lacked sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming ability, and did not ingest latex. They lacked the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) and had 46 chromosomes. Such lines have been propagated for over 1 yr. One line (BL1) was subjected to limiting dilution cloning and a line, BL1.1, was prepared that contained 96% lambda-bearing cells and no kappa-bearing cells. This line was also EBNA negative. This procedure can thus be used to prepare and clone long-term lines of nontransformed human B lymphocytes. PMID- 6975350 TI - Analysis of the response of B cells from CBA/N-defective mice to nonspecific T cell help. AB - We have investigated the induction of antibody responses to erythrocyte (RBC) bound antigens in the (CBA/N x B10)F1 mouse. Male B cells, which express the CBA/N defect, were shown to be unresponsive to RBC antigens when the delivered T cell helper activity was solely nonspecific. Thus we demonstrated that defective B cells did not respond to concanavalin A supernatants or bystander helper activity, in spite of the fact that CBA/N-defective mice could produce these T cell activities. The defective B cell did not respond to RBC-bound antigen in the presence of RBC-primed T cells, although the magnitude of this response was usually twofold less than normal controls. The insensitivity of CBA/N defective B cells to nonspecific T cell helper activities seemed to involve at least the inability of RBC antigens to activate defective B cells in the absence of antigen specific T cell help. PMID- 6975347 TI - T cell growth factor receptors. Quantitation, specificity, and biological relevance. AB - To examine directly the hypothesis that T cell growth factor (TCGF) interacts with target cells in a fashion similar to polypeptide hormones, the binding of radiolabeled TCGF to various cell populations was investigated. The results indicate that TCGF interacts with activated T cells via a receptor through which it initiates the T cell proliferative response. Internally radiolabeled TCGF, prepared from a human T leukemia cell line and purified by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing, retained biological activity and was uniform with respect to size and charge. Binding of radiolabeled TCGF to TCGF-dependent cytolytic T cells occurred rapidly (within 15 rain at 37 degrees C) and was both saturable and largely reversible. In addition, at 37 degrees C, a receptor- and lysosome dependent degradation of TCGF occurred. Radiolabeled TCGF binding was specific for activated, TCGF-responsive T cells. Whereas unstimulated lymphocytes of human or murine origin and lipopolysaccharide-activated B cell blasts expressed few if any detectable binding sites, lectin- or alloantigen-activated cells had easily detectable binding sites. Moreover, compared with lectin- or alloantigen activated T cells, long-term TCGF-dependent cytolytic and helper T cell lines and TCGF-dependent neo-plastic T cell lines bound TCGF with a similar affinity (dissociation constant of 5-25 pM) and expressed a similar number of receptor sites per cell (5,000-15,000). In contrast, a number of TCGF-independent cell lines of T cell, B cell, or myeloid origin did not bind detectable quantities of radiolabeled TCGF. Binding of radiolabeled TCGF to TCGF-responsive cells was specific, in that among several growth factors and polypeptide hormones tested, only TCGF competed for binding. Finally, the relative magnitude of T cell proliferation induced by a given concentration of TCGF closely paralleled the fraction of occupied receptor sites. As the extent of T cell clonal expansion depends on TCGF and on the TCGF receptor, the dissection of the molecular events surrounding the interaction of TCGF and its receptor that these studies permit, should provide new insight into the hormonelike regulation of the immune response by this lymphokine. PMID- 6975346 TI - Human cutaneous T cell lymphoma and leukemia cell lines produce and respond to T cell growth factor. AB - Three cell lines of mature T cell origin derived from patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma-leukemias (CTCL) were found to be constitutive producers of T cell growth factor (L-TCGF). These are the first reported human cell lines which constitutively produce TCGF. Biologically active TCGF could also be eluted from the surface of these cells using an acid glycine buffer under conditions that maintained cell viability, and subcellular fractionation showed that almost all the TCGF activity was associated with the plasma membrane. Over 30 other human hematopoietic cell lines derived from other disorders were unable to produce TCGF even after induction, and their acid eluates did not contain TCGF activity. L TCGF from CTCL lines had the same biological activity as TCGF obtained from normal leukocytes (N-TCGF) in that they both supported the long-term growth of normal T cells only after the cells were previously activated by antigen or lectin. Both L-TCGF and N-TCGF increased the rate of proliferation of TCGF independent and TCGF-dependent CTCL cell lines. The same three factor-independent cell lines that released TCGF adsorbed TCGF in a cell-concentration, time-, and temperature-dependent manner. Since the CTCL cell lines produce TCGF, adsorb TCGF, and increase their proliferative rate in response to TCGF or a related molecule, it is suggested that this endogenously produced factor plays a role in maintaining the abnormal proliferation of these cells in culture as permanently growing cell lines independent of exogenous TCGF. However, this does not mean that this is an essential aspect of neoplastic transformation. Since it is unusual to develop these cell lines in the absence of the continuous need for added TCGF, "autostimulation" may be one of the many unusual variant phenotypic properties sometimes associated with neoplastic cells that gives them a selective advantage for in vitro growth. PMID- 6975351 TI - Deficient interleukin 2 activity in MRL/Mp and C57BL/6J mice bearing the lpr gene. AB - Spleen cells from MRL-lpr and B6-lpr mice have a marked defect in the ability to produce interleukin 2 (IL-2) in response to concanavalin A stimulation. This defect precedes the onset of clinical illness, increases with age, and eventually becomes virtually absolute. It is not due to cellular suppression of IL-2 production, nor does it reflect the presence of a soluble inhibitor of IL-2 activity. Failure to restore IL-2 production with macrophage-replacing factors, such as interleukin 1 and phorbol myristic acetate, suggests that IL-2 deficiency reflects a primary T cell defect rather than a macrophage defect. MRL-lpr and B6 lpr spleen cells also have an age-dependent reduction in IL-2 response that apparently results from a deficiency of cell surface receptors for IL-2. Congenic MRL-+/+ and B6-+/+ mice, which lack the lpr gene responsible for accelerated autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation, have normal IL-2 activity. These findings suggest that a defect in IL-2 activity may contribute to impaired immunoregulation in mice bearing the lpr gene. The absence of such a defect in MRL-+/+ and B6-+/+ mice further suggests that a single autosomal recessive gene is responsible for IL-2 deficiency. PMID- 6975353 TI - Commentaries on the Consensus Conference on coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6975352 TI - Malignant lymphoma with dual B and T cell markers. Analysis of the neoplastic cells with monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell subsets. AB - In the course of analyzing human lymphoma tissue with conventional surface marker techniques and with monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell subsets, five tumors were encountered with dual B and T cell determinants. All bore on their surface membrane IgM of kappa light chain type, complement receptors, and the Ia like antigen. In each of the five cases, the neoplastic lymphocytes reacted with a monoclonal antibody that detects the sheep erythrocyte receptor (OKT11); all but one reacted with a monoclonal antibody for peripheral T cells (OKT3); and all but one reacted with a monoclonal antibody specific for either the inducer-helper (OKT4) or the cytotoxic-suppressor (OKT8) T cell subsets. In addition, lymphocytes from two of the five cases formed spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E-rosettes). These tumors with dual B and T surface characteristics were confined to human malignant lymphomas that originate from B lymphocytes of the follicle center. PMID- 6975355 TI - Changes of cutaneous sensory thresholds induced by non-painful transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in normal subjects and in subjects with chronic pain. AB - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of the nervi cutaneus surae medialis was applied to 59 healthy subjects and 30 patients suffering from chronic myofascial pain in one lower limb, with an intensity of current that induced a well tolerated tingling sensation. Each period of stimulation lasted 24 minutes. The thresholds of the tactile, tingling and painful sensations were tested at fixed intervals before, during and after stimulation. Trains of constant current square waves in the distribution area of the stimulated nerve (local thresholds) and in other areas (general thresholds) were used. In all subjects repeated changes of the current were necessary in order to maintain constant tingling during the first period of TENS (changing phase); after that few if any changes of the current were necessary (steady phase). There were changes in thresholds within the territory of the electrically stimulated nerve, and marked changes elsewhere and generally in the body. In healthy subjects local thresholds increased during both phases of TENS; general thresholds decreased during the changing phase and increased during the steady phase. After TENS, thresholds showed the same trend as during the steady phase. Trends of the sensory thresholds during and after TENS differed in different subjects according to their thresholds before TENS. Thresholds did not return to normal for more than 20 minutes after TENS. In the group of 30 patients there was a significant difference between thresholds on the two sides of the body. The difference between the two sides was reduced by TENS. Pain relief induced by TENS may be related to this fact. PMID- 6975356 TI - Imbalances in T-cell subpopulations in myasthenia gravis. AB - Distributions of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and T-cell subsets were studied in 38 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and 23 healthy controls. T cells were detected by rosette formation with sheep red blood cells and B cells with erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC) complexes. T mu cells were identified by rosette formation of T cells with Ox RBC-IgM complexes, and T gamma cells with Ox RBC-IgG complexes. The means of total lymphocyte count and active T cell percentage were marginally significantly lower in MG patients than in normal controls (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). The mean percentage of T mu cells was higher in MG patients than in controls (50.2 +/- 11.8% vs. 38.5 +/- 15.3%, P less than 0.01), whereas that of T gamma cells in the former was lower than that in the latter (20.4 +/- 7.1% vs. 27.6 +/- 6.2%, P less than 0.001). Thus, the loss of regulatory suppressor T cells and the increase of helper T cells in the patients are in favour of regarding MG as an autoimmune disease. The fact that the percentage of T gamma cells was significantly decreased in MG patients after autologus serum incubation, and that no such a phenomenon was seen in normal controls, may suggest a possible role of serum factors in the pathogenesis of MG. PMID- 6975354 TI - Recovery from experimental rabies by adoptive transfer of immune cells. AB - The transient, sublethal infection produced by intracerebral inoculation of the Flury high egg passage (HEP) strain of rabies virus into adult mice was converted into a lethal one (approx. 80 to 100% mortality) by administering 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CY) 2 days after infection. Immunosuppressed, infected animals showed no immunological response to rabies and died 15 to 20 days after infection. However, mortality was reduced to 12% when suppressed mice were adoptively immunized, 4 days after infection, with an intravenous injection of 60 X 10(6) spleen cells from rabies-immune syngeneic donors. The lymphocytes obtained early after donor immunization (4 to 11 days) reduced mortality, whereas those obtained late (16 to 32 days after immunization) were not effective. The ability of donor cells to protect animals corresponded very closely with donor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Within 4 days after immune cell transfer, serum neutralizing antibody and CTL levels in recipients were comparable to those found in virus-infected control animals. Immune donor cells were fractionated into thymus-derived (T-enriched) and bone marrow-derived (B-enriched) subsets. The T and B subsets reduced mortality to 32% and 34% respectively. CTL and serum neutralizing antibody responses could be detected in these animals, although they appeared later than in mice treated with unfractionated immune spleen cells. The present study demonstrates that both B and T lymphocytes are required for optimum clearance of rabies from the central nervous system (CNS) and suggests a functional role for rabies-specific CTL in vivo. PMID- 6975358 TI - A precision flow-controlled Rb-82 generator for bolus or constant-infusion studies of the heart and brain. AB - A precision flow-controlled rubidium-82 generator has been constructed to deliver 76-sec Rb-82 at either fast or slow flow rates for bolus or constant-infusion studies. A stepping motor drive is interfaced to a microprocessor for pulsed control of flow rate to deliver the saline eluant solution from a large-volume (150 ml) machined pumping syringe through an alumina column that retains the 25 day Sr-82 parent. The generator system delivers 70-90% of the maximum Rb-82 activity in a 20-25 ml bolus elution of 2% NaCl. The Sr-82/Sr-85 breakthrough is 10(-7) - 10(-6). both yield and breakthrough are functions of column length and flow rate. Six separate Sr-82 loadings of the generator were evaluated over a period of nearly 2 yr in studies of myocardial blood perfusion and permeability changes in the blood-brain barrier. Sterility and apyrogenicity of the Rb-82 eluate were maintained during multiple elutions and long-term use of 3-4 mo for each generator loading. PMID- 6975359 TI - Tc-99m sulfur colloid scanning in blunt trauma: detection of abdominal bleeding. PMID- 6975360 TI - Effects of dietary fatty acids on delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. AB - Effects of an essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD) [0% corn oil (CO)] diet and a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA (50% CO)] on one aspect of in vivo T cell function [delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)] were assessed. After a 70 day feeding trial, DTH was reduced by 30% in mice fed the EFAD diet, but the response of mice fed the high PUFA diet equaled that of control mice fed a diet containing 13% CO. The time required for the EFAD diet to reduce DTH was 42 days. Although consumption of the EFAD diet reduced DTH, this reduction was rapidly reversed, within 7 days, by switching the EFAD mice to the control diet. These results indicate that :1) consumption of the EFAD diet reduces one aspect of in vivo T cell function (DTH), but the effect can be reversed by refeeding the control diet; and 2) a high PUFA diet does not adversely affect DTH. PMID- 6975357 TI - Diagnosis of intraventricular and cisternal cysticercosis by computerized tomography with positive intraventricular contrast medium. AB - Computerized tomography (CT) has replaced pneumoencephalography and ventriculography in the diagnosis of intraventricular cysticercosis. The authors present a refinement in the use of CT by introducing a positive contrast medium into the ventricles to increase the definition of plain and contrast-enhanced scans in the diagnosis of intraventricular cysticercosis. Eleven cases of Cysticercus cyst are presented, 10 or which were precisely delineated by CT iodoventriculography. In the remaining case, lack of definition was due to obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct. Surgical confirmation was obtained in all cases. PMID- 6975361 TI - Shortened dental arches and oral function. AB - To acquire more information concerning the changes of the oral functions in shortened dental arches, a cross-sectional clinical investigation was carried out among 118 subjects. They were classified into six classes, according to the degree and the symmetry of the shortened condition. The method was based on the measuring of variables which were derived from the oral function. The results showed two patterns of change in oral functions: oral functions that change slowly until four occlusal units are left and then change rapidly, and oral functions that change progressively without a sudden change. The preliminary conclusion is that there is sufficient adaptive capacity to maintain adequate oral function in shortened dental arches when at least four occlusal units are left, preferably in a symmetrical position. PMID- 6975362 TI - [Clinical anatomy of vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac]. PMID- 6975363 TI - Decreased incidence of nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated prophylactically with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 6975365 TI - Depth of periodontal probe penetration related to clinical and histologic signs of gingival inflammation. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if the depth of periodontal probe penetration into the gingival sulcus was related to bleeding after probing with a standardized force, visual signs of gingival inflammation, and histological parameters of gingival inflammation. Sixty midfacial gingival sites in 26 persons were evaluated for presence or absence of visible inflammation and bleeding after probing using a controlled insertion pressure of 25 gm. In order to delineate the area for histologic analysis, a reference incision was made on the facial surface of the gingiva which corresponded to the depth and mesio-distal extent of the area probed and evaluated for visual signs of inflammation. Gingival biopsy specimens were histometrically analyzed to determine the depth of probe penetration and percentage of inflamed connective tissue. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that probe penetration was significantly greater in the presence of visible inflammation, but not with bleeding after probing. Furthermore, only a weak correlation existed between depth of probe penetration and percentage of inflamed connective tissue adjacent to the area probed. PMID- 6975364 TI - Immunologic tolerance to collagen and glycosaminoglycan components of scleral allografts in humans. Evidence for T cell suppression. AB - Unfractionated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the T and B cell fractions of PBL from four patients who had received scleral allografts, and fractions from four control subjects were tested in vitro for proliferative responsiveness to collagen and glycosaminoglycan-enriched extracts of allogeneic sclera. None of the unfractionated lymphocyte cultures (patients and controls) were responsive to the scleral extracts. However, B-enriched lymphocyte cultures from one patient and two control subjects did respond to the scleral extracts, although there was considerable individual variation in the magnitudes of these responses (stimulation indices ranging from 1.5 to 11.5). In contrast, the DNA-synthesis response of T cells to scleral extracts was strongly suppressed. Furthermore, T cells pre-exposed for 24 hours to scleral collagen were capable of suppressing B cell responsiveness to mitogens in autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures. Our findings confirm the lack of apparent adverse immunologic responsiveness to scleral allografts in humans as reported by others. It is possible that immunological tolerance to the scleral allografts is due to a suppressor T-cell mechanism which is triggered by scleral collagen. PMID- 6975366 TI - Pharmacological characteristics of abnormal behavior induced by harmine with special reference to tremor in mice. AB - Harmine, a hallucinogen with potent monoamine oxidase inhibitory properties, induced abnormal behavior, including tremor, scratching, head twitch and cage biting, in the mouse. A dose-dependent tremor was produced by all routes of administration of harmine. Although oxotremorine tremor was markedly suppressed by atropine, harmine tremor was unaffected by cholinergic drugs, remarkably inhibited by dopaminergic drugs, antidepressants and diazepam, mildly diminished by p-chlorophenylalanine, markedly augmented by 5-hydroxytryptophan and mildly increased by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. These findings suggest that a catecholaminergic (particularly dopaminergic) and serotonergic system imbalance plays an important role in the manifestation of harmine tremor. In view of these characteristics, harmine tremor may be useful as an effective experimental model for the evaluation of antiparkinsonism drugs, along with oxotremorine tremor because of the different mechanism of occurrence. In addition, harmine tremor appears to be useful in characterizing the properties of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 6975367 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of stereoselective disposition of carprofen in humans. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for the determination of the ratios of the (S)-(+) and (R)-(-) enantiomers of the anti inflammatory drug carprofen in blood, urine, and feces. The procedure relies on: (a) extraction and purification of carprofen from biological fluids, (b) reaction of carprofen with (S)-(-)-alpha-methylbenzylamine to form the two diastereomeric (S)-(-)-alpha-methylbenzylamides via the 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole intermediate, (c) purification of the reaction mixture by extraction of the diastereomeric derivatives into hexane at pH 11, and (d) analysis of the diastereomeric derivatives by HPLC with UV detection. The (S)-(+): (R)-(-) ratios in the blood of three subjects receiving single 100-mg oral doses of carprofen were greater than unity up to 16 hr after dosing. The mean +/- SD of the ratios in the early blood samples (0.5, 1, and 2 hr) was 1.21 +/- 0.09, while the mean of the ratios in the later blood samples (4,6,8,12, and 16 hr) was slightly higher (1.48 +/- 0.17). The blood level fall off curves for the (S)-(+) and (R)-(-) enantiomers were similar in each of the three subjects for the 4-16 hr period. The carprofen enantiomers were excreted stereoselectively by humans. An excess of the (S)-(+) enantiomer relative to the (R)-(-) enantiomer was excreted in the urine as the ester glucuronide, while unchanged (R)-(-) enantiomer predominated in the feces. The total urinary plus fecal excretion of the enantiomers (0-96 hr) revealed only a slight excess of the (S)-(+) enantiomer over the (R)-(-) enantiomer, which amounted to 2.1-49% of the dose. Since the amount of carprofen (free and glucuronide) excreted in 96 hr by the three subjects only accounted for 62-72% of the dose, no definitive statement could be made relative to the possible inversion of the carprofen chiral center. PMID- 6975368 TI - The mechanism and site of action of ketamine on skeletal muscle. PMID- 6975369 TI - Adjuvant polyarthritis. VI. Effect of oxonate-induced hyperuricemia on the development of acute inflammation, immune response and adjuvant arthritis. AB - In humans, there is a negative correlation between gout and rheumatoid arthritis. Similarly, rats rendered hyperuricemic by an oxonate diet appeared resistant to develop adjuvant arthritis. These animals exhibited a normal inflammatory response to a subplantar injection of carrageenin and normal humoral and cell mediated immune responses to a sensitizing dose of EL4 cells. However, unlike that of normal animals, the cell-mediated immune system of the oxonate-treated rats was found to be unable to respond to adjuvant stimulation, which may be the basis for their resistance to develop adjuvant disease. PMID- 6975370 TI - Inhibition of the expression of the "A" system of amino acid transport by anti inflammatory drugs during cell culture growth and mitogenic stimulation of thymus lymphocytes. AB - alpha-Methylaminoisobutyric acid uptake is mediated by two components in a variety of cell culture lines as well as in freshly isolated thymus lymphocytes. In all cell types, one component of uptake had characteristics similar to that of the "A" system and was selectively inhibited by the nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs. Detailed studies with indomethacin showed that, in the presence of drug, a marked decrease in Vmax occurred with no impairment in the apparent affinity (Km) of the uptake system for either the amino acid or Na+ ion. Upon removal of drug, the capacity (Vmax) of the cell lines to take up amino acid recovered over the course of 6 hr. It is postulated that this time course may be related to a change in the number of functional carriers in the cell membrane. Marked increases in the rate of alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid uptake by the Na+-dependent component were observed during exponential growth of cell cultures and in thymus lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A or amino acid deprivation. Irrespective of the cell type or mechanism of stimulation, indomethacin either blocked or partially suppressed this increase. Suppression of the Na+-dependent component of alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid uptake was also evident in lymphocytes from indomethacin-treated rats. Selective inhibition of the A system before DNA synthesis may be one mechanism by which the anti-inflammatory drugs exert their in vitro cytostatic and in vivo immunosuppressive action PMID- 6975371 TI - The influence of selected light intensities on color perception within the color range of natural teeth. AB - A study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of light intensity on the ability to discriminate color differences within the color range of natural teeth. The results show that shade selection is not significantly affected within the range of 75 to 300 fc. Neither the specialty of the dentist nor the amount of time in practice appeared to be a factor in making color discriminations. However, 7 of the 50 dentists serving as subjects were found to be color defective, and a difference was found between their color discrimination abilities and those of normal persons. This suggests that color-defective dentists should obtain assistance when matching tooth shades. PMID- 6975372 TI - Parameters of open-close-clench cycles in children. AB - The results of this study indicate that the latency and silent periods of OCC cycles do not vary among groups representing distinct dentitional stages. The mean latency period durations obtained from the OCC cycles of the subjects in this study ranged from 16.6 to 19.5 msec and demonstrated the smallest SD of all parameters measured. The mean silent period durations ranged from 11.6 to 15.4 msec. Since the neurophysiologic responses do not vary, the reflex elicited by tooth contact in OCC cycles is not based on tooth form or quantity. The results further indicate that, with the exception of the latency period of the anterior temporal muscles, the activities of the right and left components of the masticatory muscles examined are significantly correlated to each other during OCC cycles. This suggests a role for the anterior temporal muscle in bringing about adjustments of the masticatory system in the intercuspal position. PMID- 6975373 TI - [Radiological signs of "mixed" connective tissue disorders with anti-RNP antibodies. Report on 20 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Case reports of 20 patients with connective tissue disorders and anti-RNP antibodies are reviewed. Specific radiological signs could not be detected : patients with minor forms do not show osteoarticular lesions; in those with congenital types of disorder the radiological anomalies are mainly those of connective tissue lesions. Clearly differentiated forms demonstrate anomalies related to the corresponding affection. PMID- 6975374 TI - State modifications of thymocyte plasma membrane proteins and lipids by mitogenic doses of concanavalin A: a Raman study on isolated membrane vesicles. AB - Sealed plasma membrane vesicles from rabbit thymocytes were reacted with 0.4-10 micrograms concanavalin A/ml, that is at concentrations that produce cooperative lectin-binding in vivo and in vitro and induce mitogenesis of intact cells. The effects of concanavalin A were monitored by laser Raman spectroscopy of the vesicles in the CH-stretching region. This technique revealed moderately cooperative lipid state transitions in untreated membranes centered at about -6 degrees and 25 degrees, as well as a protein state change at about 43 degrees C. Concanavalin A treatment of the membranes lowered the transition temperatures of the integral of 25 degrees an integral of 43 degrees state changes indicating a direct effect of lectin binding on membrane protein/lipid organization. It is proposed that the primary protein involved is the 55,000D transmembrane protein (Schmidt-Ullrich, R., Mikkelsen, R. B. and Wallach, D. F. H. (1978), J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6973-6978), known to be the high-affinity receptor for concanavalin A, and that the concanavalin A-sensitive integral of 25 degrees transition arises from lipids associated with this protein. PMID- 6975377 TI - Raynaud's phenomenon and initially seronegative mixed connective tissue disease. AB - We report 2 young women with Raynaud's phenomenon who later developed the laboratory and clinical features of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens were initially negative and remained so far several years before becoming positive. Raynaud's phenomenon is common in MCTD, but laboratory and clinical evidence of the latter may not be present initially. PMID- 6975376 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease - a subset with sequential clinical and laboratory features. AB - Twenty-three patients who lacked the full picture of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) initially, developed new findings or experienced regression of initial features with time. Each patient had at least 1 extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:10,000 composed exclusively of ribonucleoprotein; but variation in titer occurred in 9 and Sm antibody was transiently found in 3 patients. Four initially had other diagnoses and negative antinuclear antibody tests (ANA) before developing speckled ANAs. Eleven patients had consistently speckled ANAs. As suggested by earlier clinical observations, MCTD can change clinically and serologically. This study demonstrates the sequential development of the features of SLE, polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis and in addition emphasizes the serologic studies may also vary over time in these patients. PMID- 6975380 TI - Semi-flexible joint in the C1q subunit of the first component of human complement. PMID- 6975375 TI - HLA in rheumatology. PMID- 6975382 TI - Massive bleeding from hemorrhoidal varices in portal hypertension. PMID- 6975378 TI - Coexistence of HLA-B27 ankylosing spondylitis and DR4 seropositive nodular rheumatoid arthritis in patient with membranous nephropathy. AB - A case of definite ankylosing spondylitis (AS), classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and membranous nephropathy is presented. Concurrent presence of the HLA-B27 and HLA-DR4 antigens was demonstrated. The association of AS and RA as well as RA and membranous nephropathy are discussed and the literature reviewed. PMID- 6975381 TI - Alteration of metabolism of retinal taurine following prolonged light and dark adaptation: a quantitative comparison with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). AB - Alteration of metabolism of taurine in prolonged light- and dark-adapted frog retinae were studied in comparison with that of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the following results were obtained. (1) Statistically significant alterations in retinal taurine, an increase in dark-adapted, and a decrease in light-adapted states, respectively, occurred when frogs were adapted continuously to light or dark for more than 3 weeks. Under the same experimental conditions, no alteration in retinal GABA was noted. (2) At 3 weeks and thereafter, a significant increase of retinal cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD; EC 4.1.1.12) activity, an enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway of taurine, also occurred in the dark, whereas the activity in the light-adapted retina was reduced. On the other hand, the retinal activity of L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 1.1.1.15), the rate-limiting enzyme of GABA biosynthesis, was not altered in dark- as well as light-adapted state. Similarly, retinal GABA transaminase (GABA-T; EC 2.6.1.19)-succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH; EC 1.2.1.16) was unaltered. (3) These alterations in retinal taurine were, however, unaccompanied by any changes in factors related to transmitter actions such as evoked release, high affinity uptake, and specific binding to synaptic membranes. The above results suggest that, different from GABA as a potent candidate for inhibitory neurotransmitter, retinal taurine may act as neuromodulator and/or may play an important role as a basic factor for maintaining cellular integrity under certain pathophysiological conditions. PMID- 6975384 TI - Interaction of cadmium, calcium, and amiloride in the kinetics of active sodium transport through frog skin. AB - The epidermal effects of activator (cadmium) or inhibitors (calcium and amiloride) as well as their interactions in active Na transport through bullfrog abdominal skin were analyzed kinetically. Cadmium at 1 mM increased the short circuit (SCC) to 126%. The Hill coefficient (n) for the relation between [Cd2+] and SCC was 0.737, which indicated negative cooperation. Calcium at over 8 mM decreased the SCC to 80% at its maximum effect. Calcium inhibited the Cd2+ induced SCC at lower [Cd2+], and facilitated it at higher [Cd2+]. Calcium acted uncompetitively on the binding reaction of Na+ with a Na entry channel. Cd2+ alone or Cd2+ under the influence of Calcium also acted uncompetitively on the reaction. Amiloride at 5 X 10-5 M inhibited the SCC almost completely. The Hill coefficient in the relation between amiloride and SCC was 0.757, indicating the presence of negative cooperation. In contrast to the effect of calcium, the Cd2+ induced SCC was much reduced at higher [amiloride]. Amiloride inhibited the channel-Na binding reaction in a mixed manner (competitive + noncompetitive), while Cd2+ activated the reaction under the influence of amiloride noncompetitively. From the SCC model based on the hypothesis that the kinetic constants are invariable even under interaction of the activator and inhibitors, the percentage of the various forms of channel.ion complex were calculated. The SCC was then calculated, assuming that is was directly proportional to the sum of the rate of decomposition of channel.Na complex and the higher rate of decomposition of channel.Na.Cdn complex. The above assumption is supported by the fact that there is good agreement between the calculated SCC and experimentally obtained SCC in the mixture of the activator and the inhibitor. PMID- 6975383 TI - Cardiac surgery of eight children with Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome). AB - The coronary arterial lesions of Kawasaki disease are characterized by multiple stenoses and aneurysms, which might lead to myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency due to ischemic papillary muscle dysfunction, ventricular aneurysm, etc. Eight children aged 6 to 13 years with Kawasaki disease underwent surgical treatments. These were coronary bypass surgery, coronary bypass surgery combined with right coronary aneurysmectomy and coronary bypass surgery combined with left ventricular aneurysmectomy. The postoperative course was smooth in all the patients. The selective angiography performed 1 month after the operation revealed the patency rate of 85% of the bypass grafts. However, 1 patient died suddenly during strenuous exercise 3 years after the surgery. Several points to be considered in the aortocoronary bypass in the patients with Kawasaki disease are discussed. These include the unknown fate of saphenous vein grafts and the possibility of higher incidences of graft failure in the growing children. Since the long-term postoperative results are as yet not fully understood, close follow-up of the patients treated by aortocoronary bypass surgery would be mandatory. PMID- 6975385 TI - Optical recording of conducted action potential in heart muscle using a voltage sensitive dye. AB - The absorption signals of a merocyanine-rhodanine dye in response to action potential were measured on the bullfrog atrium. Simultaneous recording of optical signals and membrane potential showed the same time course within 15 to 30 min after exposure to Ca2+- free solution. The action spectrum of the dye exhibited a triphasic pattern with a decrease in absorption between 530 and 600 nm, an increase between 640 and 720 nm and a decrease at 750 nm. Using five photodetectors we have able to simultaneously monitor the action potential from five different regions of the preparation. The conduction velocity could be measured even in Ca2+- free solution; the velocity measured optically by the simultaneous multi-recording method was equal to that obtained with a microelectrode measurement. Thus, the optical method can validly be used to solve some problems on arrhythmia-related mechanism. PMID- 6975379 TI - The association of retroperitoneal fibrosis with systemic vasculitis and HLA-B27: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A young man with retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis, associated with systemic vasculitis, is reported. Sacroiliitis and the histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 were also present. The literature regarding vasculitis and HLA-B27 in retroperitoneal fibrosis is reviewed and the implications of this association discussed. PMID- 6975388 TI - [Rare case of duodenal obstruction]. PMID- 6975386 TI - Contraction of the frog muscle in 4-aminopyridine by rapid cooling. AB - In the 4-aminopyridine (4AP) Ringer in which the concentration of 4AP is above 0.005 mM, the frog muscle contracted repetitively by rapid cooling. This contraction was named AP-RCC. It took more than 20 min for 4AP to show the fall effect on the AP-RCC. During the AP-RCC action potentials of the muscle membrane which synchronized with the repetitive contractions were observed. Tetrodotoxin abolished the AP-RCC. In muscle pretreated with 400 mM glycerol, no AP-RCC was obtained. During the AP-RCC no action potential of the nerve was seen. d Tubocurarine abolished both the AP-RCC and the accompanying action potential of the muscle. Mn2+ and, to a lesser extent, Mg2+, inhibited both the AP-RCC and the twitch by indirect stimulation. The repetitive nerve stimulation which lasted long enough to exhaust acetylcholine at the nerve terminal abolished the AP-RCC. 4AP restored the contraction suppressed by dantrolene sodium. The AP-RCC was masked by caffeine rapid cooling contracture when the concentration of caffeine was high. From these results, the AP-RCC is considered to be generated by acetyl choline release from the nerve terminal by the combined action of 4AP and depolarization during cooling. PMID- 6975387 TI - Metastatic properties conferred on nonmetastatic tumors by hybridization of spleen B-lymphocytes with plasmacytoma cells. AB - The P3-NSI/1-Ag4-1 (NSI) plasmacytoma, when transplanted sc in syngeneic BALB/c mice, grows locally without forming spontaneous metastases. We tested whether somatic hybridization of the NSI cells with spleen B-lymphocytes would render them metastatic in (C57BL/6 X BALB/c) F1 mice. We found that the hybridomas thus produced generated spontaneous metastases with distinct organ specificities. Some hybridomas produced metastases in both liver and spleen, whereas others produced metastases in only the liver. Cells derived from spleen-and liver-seeking hybridomas, when transplanted sc, produced tumors that metastasized to both the liver and spleen. Tumor cells derived from spleen metastasis produced, on transplantation, a tumor that generated spleen metastasis of a larger mass than did tumors derived from liver metastases. Cells derived from liver-seeking hybridomas metastasized to only the liver. Similar patterns of organ specificity were observed after iv injection of the hybridoma cells. The spleen seemed to play determining role in controlling the production of liver metastases by hybridomas that produced both liver and spleen metastases. Such hybridomas did not produce liver metastases when injected into splenectomized recipients. Hybridomas that were only liver-seeking did produce metastases in splenectomized recipients. PMID- 6975389 TI - [Cellular immunity factors in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6975391 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of early postoperative complications requiring relaparotomy]. PMID- 6975390 TI - [Late profuse intestinal hemorrhage after appendectomy]. PMID- 6975394 TI - [Trial and evaluation of a new test to examine color vision (author's transl)]. AB - With the new Rodenstock color test disk it is possible to distinguish with 99% accuracy between deuteranopia and protanopia. In addition, the diagnosis is quantitatively correct (anomaly or anopia) in 92% of deuteranopia and 98% of protanopia cases. A special scheme for evaluation is presented. Special emphasis was placed on describing exactly the function of this new method of examining inherited color vision deficiencies. Only persons who were already known to have defective color vision were tested. Therefore, no conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficiency of detection of color vision deficiencies. PMID- 6975396 TI - A study of age and participation in different physical activities. PMID- 6975392 TI - [Temporary bypass in surgery of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 6975395 TI - The presence of abundant adrenaline in the dorsal part of the bullfrog spinal cords. PMID- 6975398 TI - Hormonal profiles of heterozygotes in humans for 21-hydroxylase deficiency defined by HLA B typing. PMID- 6975397 TI - Comparison of methyltrienolone and dihydrotestosterone binding and metabolism in human genital skin fibroblasts. PMID- 6975393 TI - [Early relaparotomy]. PMID- 6975400 TI - Identification of 15 beta-hydroxylated C21 steroids in the neo-natal period: the role of 3 alpha,15 beta,17 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one in the perinatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to a 21 hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 6975399 TI - Androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in human skeletal muscle cytosol. PMID- 6975402 TI - Coronary artery disease with minimal angina. Medical versus surgical therapy. PMID- 6975401 TI - Hospital mortality of re-replacement of the aortic valve. Incremental risk factors. AB - A total of 200 aortic vale re-replacements were performed between Jan. 1, 1975, and July 1, 1979. The re-replacements (RRP) were an isolated procedure or combined with coronary artery bypass grafting or resection of ascending aortic aneurysm. Ten patients (5%) died in hospital, compared with 24 (2.9%) among 842 patients undergoing isolated or combined initial aortic valve replacement (AVR) (p = 0.12). The mode of death was cardiac failure in six of the 10 patients, hemorrhage in two (from accidents at repeat sternotomy), and neurologic deficits in two (each with innominate vein transection at repeat sternotomy repaired by ligation). There were seven (3.9%) hospital deaths among 181 first RRP (p for difference from initial AVR = 0.5), but three (15%) of 19 died after the second or third RRP (p = 0.001). By simple contingency table analysis, preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV increased the risk of hospital death after RRP (p = 0.002), as did prosthetic valve endocarditis (p = 0.0005) and the use of cold ischemic arrest (p = 0.03). Logistic multivariate analysis showed advanced NYHA functional class (p = 0.02), use of cold ischemic arrest (p = 0.09), and increased aortic cross-clamps time (p = 0.03) to be incremental risk factors. Recommendations for reducing hospital deaths in the event of RRP are (1) reoperate before severe hemodynamic deterioration occurs, (2) plan and conduct the operation to minimize accidents from repeat sternotomy and dissection, (3) keep aortic cross-clamp time as short as possible, and (4) employ cold cardioplegia. PMID- 6975403 TI - Perioperative myocardial infarction complicating coronary bypass. Clinical and angiographic correlations and prognosis. AB - To investigate the importance and the causes of myocardial infarction complicating the coronary bypass operation, we have reviewed clinical and preoperative angiographic data on 717 patients operated on over an 81/2 year period and postoperative angiography on all but one survivor. The hospital mortality was 0.6%. Of the 56 (7.8%) patients who sustained perioperative myocardial infarction, two died. Left ventricular angiography supported the diagnosis in 40 patients and aided in quantification of myocardial infarction. Age, preoperative symptomatic status, incidence of prior myocardial infarction, and perfusion and axoxia timed did not correlate with myocardial infarction, but extent of coronary disease, number of grafts, and associated endarterectomy did. There have been no late deaths in the 54 survivors of perioperative infarction, which appears usually to be a benign event. Graft occlusion was nearly three times commoner in patients with myocardial infarction, and in 42 of 54 survivors the myocardial infarction could be explained by new impairment of perfusion, usually owing to compromise of the grafted artery. The relationship of perioperative infarction to iatrogenic diminution of perfusion, of the infarcted segment suggests that technical factors, especially meticulous attention to the quality of the graft-coronary artery anastomosis might further reduce the perioperative infarction rate. PMID- 6975404 TI - Carotid arterial disease in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations. AB - The occurrence of stroke associated with coronary artery bypass operations is approximately 2%. In an attempt to reduce this incidence some centers have proposed carotid thromboendarterectomy for symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid arterial disease in patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass operation. To obtain a better understanding of the incidence of carotid occlusive disease in candidates for the coronary bypass operation and to evaluate the practical use of a noninvasive method to screen patients preoperatively, we evaluated 102 patients preoperatively with an ultrasonic Duplex scanner; 24 studies were requested on the basis of either previous neurologic problems or the presence of a bruit and 78 patients were evaluated as part of a study protocol. In the unrequested group 6% (5/78) of the patients had a stenosis of 50% diameter reduction or more. In the requested group 54% (13/24) had a stenosis of 50% diameter reduction or more. In the postoperative phase one stroke and one transient ischemic attack were noted among the unrequested group and none in those suspected of having carotid disease on clinical grounds. Neither affected patient had a high-grade stenosis. There is little evidence to support the contention that noninvasive screening of patients free of symptoms or signs of carotid disease prior to coronary artery bypass operation is a valuable method of screening for patients who will sustain a focal neurologic event. PMID- 6975405 TI - Importance of topical hypothermia to ensure uniform myocardial cooling during coronary artery bypass. AB - Recent reports have suggested that the delivery of cardioplegia to regional myocardium is impaired in patients with severe coronary artery disease. This study was designed to determine whether or not topical hypothermia is a necessary adjunct to systemic hypothermia and potassium cardioplegia to provide adequate cooling in regional myocardium supplied by stenotic or occluded coronary arteries. Twenty-two patients ranging in age from 47 to 68 years were included in the study. Patients were placed on bypass and cooled to 28 degrees C. Temperature was measured over the right and left coronary artery distributions. The aorta was then cross-clamped and 1,000 cc of potassium blood cardioplegia, 5.7 degrees to 11 degrees C (mean 8.7 degrees), was infused into the aortic root at a mean pressure of 99 mmHg. Temperature was measured and 6 L of cold electrolyte (Plasma lyte) solution, 2.3 degrees to 5.1 degrees C (mean 3.5) was poured over the heart into the pericardial well. The temperature measurements were then repeated. Myocardial temperature in regional myocardium supplied by normal coronary arteries after the injection of cardioplegia was less than 15 degrees C. However myocardium distal to a severe stenosis or complete occlusion was significantly warmer (p less than 0.001). Topical hypothermia reduced myocardial temperature to less than 15 degrees C in regional myocardium supplied by severely diseased vessels (p less than 0.001). These data demonstrate that the combination of systemic hypothermia and potassium cardioplegia alone does not provide adequate myocardial cooling in patients with severe coronary artery disease and emphasize the need for intraoperative myocardial temperature monitoring to ensure optimal protection during the ischemic period. PMID- 6975407 TI - [Drug interference. Hepatic consequences]. PMID- 6975406 TI - Myocardial temperature mapping. Improved intraoperative myocardial preservation. AB - An improved approach to intraoperative myocardial preservation technique to ensure uniform myocardial cooling past critically stenosed arteries was developed for patients undergoing aorta-coronary bypass grafting. Proximal anastomoses are done and then, after institution of cardiopulmonary bypass, a separate roller pump head is used to administer a specific controlled volume of cardioplegic solution (1 L) through a 4 degrees C coil to provide controlled pressure in the root of the cross-clamped aorta. Midmyocardial wall temperatures in the anterior, posterolateral, inferior, and septal walls of the left ventricle are measured. Distal anastomoses are then performed sequentially, beginning with the warmest region. After each distal anastomosis, 400 ml of cardioplegic solution are again administered into the aortic root. This approach has been used in 100 consecutive patients from July, 1979, through July 1980 (Group I). and these patients were compared to 97 consecutive patients undergoing aorta-coronary bypass grafting in the previous year (July, 1978, through June, 1979) (Group II) who had myocardial preservation with potassium cardioplegia administered by syringe injection and without regional temperature mapping. There were no perioperative myocardial infarctions in Group I: there were five (5.2%) in Group II (p less than 0.05). A significant reduction in cardiac deaths was also achieved, with two (2.0%) such deaths in Group I and eight (8.2%) in Group II (p less than 0.05). The data suggest that delivery of adequate volumes of cardioplegia solutions by a pressure regulated system, in combination with myocardial temperature mapping to determine the sequence of bypass grafting, can improve myocardial preservation. PMID- 6975408 TI - [Use of cotrimoxazole (Bactrim) in postoperative infectious respiratory and urinary complications in digestive surgery. Apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 6975409 TI - [Morphology of the lower esophagus after endoscopic varicosclerosation (author's transl)]. AB - Submucous injection of 5 p.c. phenol in arachis oil in the lower esophagus can stop a bleeding from esophageal piles without considerable complications. Microscopical examinations on 14 human esophageal specimens demonstrate that phenol in oil as opposed to other sclerosing solutions produces only a mild, bland running inflammation in the tissue. Deep mucosal ulcerations, perforations of the wall, phlegmonous inflammations or mediastinitis could be observed. Nevertheless, under the intact esophageal mucosa a sufficient production of collagen fibres develops, which is effecting a varicosclerosation. PMID- 6975410 TI - Mechanism of prolactin release by 5-hydroxytryptophan. PMID- 6975411 TI - Omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of 1-dodecanol by frog liver microsomes. AB - Frog liver microsomes catalyzed the hydroxylation of 1-dodecanol into the corresponding omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxy derivatives. The hydroxylation rate for 1-dodecanol was much lower than that for lauric acid. Both NADPH and O2 were required for hydroxylation activity. NADH had no effect on the hydroxylation. The hydroxylating system was inhibited 49% by CO at a CO:O2 ratio of 4.0. The formation of omega-hydroxydodecanol was more sharply inhibited by CO than was the formation of (omega-1)-hydroxydodecanol, implying that more than one cytochrome P 450 was involved in the hydroxylation of 1-dodecanol and that CO has a higher affinity for the P-450 catalyzing the omega-hydroxylation. The formation of laurate during the incubation of 1-dodecanol with frog liver microsomes suggests that a fatty alcohol oxidation system is also present in the microsomes. NAD+ was the most effective cofactor for the oxidation of 1-dodecanol and NADP+ had a little effect. Pyrazole (an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase) had a slight inhibitory effect on the oxidation and sodium azide (an inhibitor of catalase) had no effect. PMID- 6975414 TI - [Is there an absolute indication for a coronary bypass?]. PMID- 6975413 TI - [Multiple hemangiomas of the entire small and large intestine]. PMID- 6975412 TI - [Criteria in the prognosis of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A retrospective analysis]. PMID- 6975415 TI - Use of [125I]C1q subcomponent for the measurement of complement-binding antibodies on cell surfaces. PMID- 6975416 TI - Immunonephelometric assay for immunoglobulins released by cultured lymphocytes. PMID- 6975417 TI - A luminol-assisted competitive binding immunoassay of human immunoglobulin G. PMID- 6975418 TI - Quantitation of secretory protein levels by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6975420 TI - Radioimmunoassay of IgE using paper disks. PMID- 6975421 TI - A red Beneckea from Laguna Figueroa, Baja California. AB - A new bacterium (nitrate-respiring, prodigiosin-producing, marine curved rod with a sheathed flagellum) has been isolated from anaerobic mud underlying a microbial meat. This brightly pigmented red bacterium, referred to as strain BV1 (Baja California vibrio, isolate 1) was taken from a closed, hypersaline basin at Laguna Figueroa (or Laguna Mormona), Baja California de Norte, Mexico. It is closely related to the recently described Beneckea gazogenes (Harwood, 1978), which was isolated from an estuarine habitat, the Sippewissett salt marsh at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Strain BV1 and B-gazogenes are both oxidase positive facultative anaerobic curved rods which bear a single polar flagellum, and synthesize the red-orange tri-pyrrole pigment prodigiosin. The bacterium, which fluoresces green when excited with UV light (lambda = 455 nm), deposits pigment extracellularly in copious quantities. The extracellular pigment deposits fluoresce red-yellow. Both BV1 and B. gazogenes are able to grow utilizing xylose, cellobiose or arabinose, products of plant biosynthesis, as sole carbon sources. BV1 differs from B. gazogenes in cell size, pattern of pigment production, nutritional characteristics, the ability to perform anaerobic respiration using nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor, sensitivity to a newly discovered lytic phage and to the antibiotic vibriostat O/129. PMID- 6975419 TI - Double-antibody radioimmunoassay for IgE. PMID- 6975424 TI - Saphenous vein grafting for angina. AB - An analysis of 200 consecutive patients treated by saphenous-vein bypass grafting has been carried out. One patient died in hospital, and one died nine months after surgery. Some of the factors which predispose to postoperative complications can be defined preoperatively. These are unstable angina, multiple vessels disease, and impaired left ventricular function. The complications of postoperative infarction, low cardiac output, and arrhythmia were higher in the presence of these factors. The use of cardioplegic myocardial protection lessened the incidence of complications in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Early follow-up revealed 96% of patients truly or virtually angina free. Three patients suffered infarction within nine months of operation. PMID- 6975423 TI - Activity of erythromycin against Haemophilus influenzae from respiratory tract infections. AB - Ampicillin and amoxycillin are very frequently used for treating respiratory infections due to Haemophilis influenzae, but the emergence of beta-lactamase producing strains of this organism may limit their use. Erythromycin would be a suitable alternative but to date variable absorptions and reported minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) outside the range of achievable blood levels of erythromycin have prevented its use. The purpose of this study was to determine the MICs of erythromycin for strains of H. influenzae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infection and the frequency of beta-lactamase production in these strains. Eighty-five of 100 strains were sensitive to erythromycin (MIC much less than 2.00 mg/L). Eleven strains were resistant to ampicillin and 10 of these produced beta-lactamase. Nine beta-lactamase producing strains had MICs to erythromycin of 2.0 mg/L or less. With the blood levels of erythromycin obtainable with new formulations, this antibiotic should prove of use in the treatment of respiratory infections due to H. influenzae. PMID- 6975422 TI - Juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - A review of the clinical and immunological features of 72 children with chronic arthritis revealed a similar pattern of disease in Australian children when compared with overseas studies. Most of the children had pauciarticular disease, but polyarthritis and systemic forms were seen. Although HLA=B27 was identified in some patients, no florid example of ankylosing spondylitis in childhood was seen. A small, but significant, number of children had evidence of potentially blinding iritis which developed insidiously, and one child had acute uveitis. Although elevated antistreptolysin-O titres and raised total IgM levels were seen in a significant number of children, they were not confined to any particular clinical pattern and were not of any major prognostic value. Half the children were severely incapacitated at the height of their disease, but follow-up for periods of up to five years revealed that fewer than 5% had a significant permanent disability. PMID- 6975425 TI - Structural polymorphism of the beta chain of human HLA-DR antigens. PMID- 6975426 TI - Characterization of avian lymphocyte surface proteins which bind to membrane and circulating immunoglobulins. PMID- 6975427 TI - Brain clathrin: ultrastructural and biophysical evidence of reversible assembly. PMID- 6975430 TI - Amitriptyline induced hyponatremia: a case report. PMID- 6975429 TI - The value of cholangiogram in common bile duct exploration. PMID- 6975428 TI - Opsoclonus and oscillopsia. PMID- 6975431 TI - Small bowel pseudotumor: case report of an often forgotten entity. PMID- 6975432 TI - Infected abdominal aortic aneurysm: a case report. PMID- 6975433 TI - Anomalous phrenic nerves in a patient with congenital absence of the left pericardium. PMID- 6975435 TI - Postganglionic Horner's syndrome in carotid artery disease. PMID- 6975434 TI - Surgical significance of Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 6975436 TI - Medical journalism for the layman: the importance of physician input. PMID- 6975437 TI - An outbreak of community-acquired Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: initial manifestation of cellular immune dysfunction. AB - Eleven cases of community-acquired Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred between 1979 and 1981 and prompted clinical and immunologic evaluation of the patients. Young men who were drug abusers (seven patients), homosexuals (six), or both (two) presented with pneumonia. Immunologic testing revealed that absolute lymphocyte counts, T-cell counts, and lymphocyte proliferation were depressed, and that humoral immunity was intact. Of the 11 patients, one was found to have Kaposi's sarcoma, and another had angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Eight patients died. In the remaining three, no diagnosis of an immunosuppressive disease was established, despite persistence of immune defects. These cases of pneumocystosis suggest the importance of cell-mediated immune function in the defense against P. carinii. The occurrence of this infection among drug abusers and homosexuals indicates that these groups may be at high risk for this infection. PMID- 6975438 TI - High-dose methotrexate in osteogenic sarcoma. AB - From 1972 to 1979, high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) and 3 adjuvant regimens were used at the Sidney Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Medical Center. In the first regiment, HDMTX was used alone; the second, HDMTX and adriamycin, and the third, weekly courses of HDMTX and combination. Actuarial disease-free survival achieved with these regimens in patient with local control of the primary lesion varied from 42 to 75% at 3 years. This compared favorably with historical control patients, of whom 50% were free of disease at 6 months and only 20% at 12 months. Among 41 patients with established pulmonary metastases, 14 were alive and free of disease from more than 4 to over 60 months. The most efficacious method of administering HDMTX was a weekly schedule which produced an overall response rate of 48% in the treatment of pulmonary metastases and primary tumor in patients previously not exposed to HDMTX. Urinary alkalinization was not a standard procedure, and investigations failed to demonstrate any significant effect of alkalinization on HDMTX pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6975440 TI - A virus associated with human adult T-cell leukaemia. PMID- 6975439 TI - Prognostic factors in the response of primary osteogenic sarcoma to preoperative chemotherapy (high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor). AB - Forty-three patients, ranging in age from 7 to 30 years (median age, 17 yr), with primary osteogenic sarcoma (OS), confirmed by biopsies and with no evidence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, received T-7 chemotherapy for an average of 4 months before surgery, including high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) and citrovorum factor rescue (CFR) (median, 7 courses), and 1 course each of bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, and dactinomycin, and adriamycin. At the time of definitive surgery, the surgical specimen showed a good histologic response to chemotherapy (grade III or IV response) in 29 (67%) of 43 patients and a poor histologic response (grade I or II response) in 14 (33%) of 43 patients. Among those who responded well, no patient relapsed, as all received a complete course of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy for more than 5 to over 28 months after the initiation of treatment (medium, 13 mo). Among those who responded poorly, 6 of 14 patients relapsed with pulmonary metastases (a thoracotomy was beneficial to 1), 4 of 6 patients are alive with disease, and 1 patient died of progressive disease. On retrospective analysis, we observed that good and poor responders did not differ in the distribution of sex, age, race, primary site of disease, or histologic subtype of OS. An elevated alkaline phosphatase level that returned to normal under preoperative chemotherapy indicated a good response. Neither the 24-, 48-, and 72-hour serum MTX levels nor the fluid intake and urinary output during 3 days that followed HDMTX with CFR correlated significantly with tumor response. Based on our studies with this form of therapy, we concluded that the response of OS to preoperative chemotherapy is of prognostic value. PMID- 6975443 TI - [Evaluation of C3d in primitive chronic glomerular nephritis (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma levels of C3d, which is liberated by enzymatic cleavage of C3, are determined in 97 patients with primitive chronic glomerular nephritis. This level is indicative of an abnormally high consumption of C3. In all cases where C3 is low, C3d is found at abnormally high levels. When the level of C3 is normal, C3d may, however, be elevated: a more subtle interpretation of the pathologic significance of C3 in immune disease is thus possible. PMID- 6975441 TI - Carrier-dependent and carrier-independent transport of anti-cancer alkylating agents. PMID- 6975442 TI - The diminishing mortality of coronary artery bypass grafting for myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6975444 TI - Diaphragm pacing in spinal muscular atrophy: case report. AB - A patient with a diagnosis of intermediate or benign spinal muscular atrophy was severely incapacitated from respiratory complications and alveolar hypoventilation and was confined to mechanical ventilatory support. After extensive diagnostic evaluation of her pulmonary status, including transcutaneous stimulation of the phrenic nerves associated with nasogastric and surface electrode recording of the diaphragmatic response, this patient had a phrenic neurostimulation system implanted bilaterally for diaphragm pacing. Although spinal muscular atrophy has not been previously recognized as an indication for diaphragm pacing, her subsequent social, physical, and psychological improvement indicate that it may be significantly beneficial in selected cases of alveolar hypoventilation due to spinal muscular atrophy or neuromuscular disease. PMID- 6975445 TI - Anatomical evidence for bulbospinal monoamine axon damage in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. PMID- 6975448 TI - [Embolectomy in acute ischemia of the extremities. Analysis of failures]. PMID- 6975446 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin in serum and cerebro-spinal fluid especially with regard to alcoholic disorders. PMID- 6975449 TI - Phenytoin intoxication and cotrimoxazole. PMID- 6975447 TI - Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm of the carotid artery with ventricular visualization during angiography. AB - Rupture of an aneurysm during angiography, with extravasation of blood and contrast medium into the ventricular system occurs rarely. We wish to add one personal observation to those few cases already published. Haemorrhage from an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery recurred during angiography in a 52-year old comatose man. Through extravasation of blood and contrast medium into the ventricles these became fully visible on the X-ray screen. The question of a direct causal relationship between angiography and rupture of an aneurysm, the frequency and risk of this coincidence and mortality are discussed. Since computerised tomography now precedes angiography in cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage, complications arising from angiography could be reduced by proper timing. PMID- 6975450 TI - Selective arterial infusion of Pitressin for the control of puerperal hemorrhage after hypogastric artery ligation. PMID- 6975451 TI - Sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension as a supplemental therapeutic modality in postpartum hemorrhage. PMID- 6975452 TI - [Reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6975453 TI - Moderate-dose methotrexate in head and neck cancer. AB - 200 mg/m2 methotrexate given intravenously in a running drip for 6 h has been used as an initial adjuvant therapy in 38 patients with advanced head and neck cancer. The response rate is as high as 80%, with 21% achieving complete remission. Histologically, specimens were tumor free in 3 patients. Toxicity in 38 patients included leukopenia (4), mucositis (6) and diarrhea (1). This particular dose of methotrexate appears to be safe and usually does not need leucovorin rescue. Also, when given as initial treatment, it is effective in reduction of tumor bulk. A prolonged randomized trial is essential to determine its role in improving long-term survival. PMID- 6975456 TI - ABR audiometry in the diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumors. AB - Auditory brain-stem responses (ABR) examination with simultaneous lobe-vertex (L V) and membrane-vertex cm-v) recording was performed in 34 ears with cerebellopontine angle tumors. The detectability of wave I was better in M-V recording than in L-V recording, whereas L-V recording exhibited better detectability of wave V. ABR waveforms were classified into three groups, and the relations between the waveforms and the size of tumor or the degree of hearing loss were analyzed. Positive finding in ABR were obtained in 25 out of 34 ears in the present study. It was stressed that this dual recording in ABR was extremely useful in the diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumors. PMID- 6975455 TI - Marchesani's syndrome. PMID- 6975454 TI - Macrophage and T lymphocyte content of tumors in mice treated with Propionibacterium. AB - Macrophage and T lymphocyte content of sarcoma tumors in mice treated with Propionibacterium granulosum (PG) by different routes was investigated and compared with the effectiveness of the therapy. Two different methods for tumor macrophage detection, the Fc receptor analysis and phagocytic properties, were employed. Indirect fluorescent staining of theta-antigen on lymphocytes was used to evaluate the proportion of tumor T cells. Systemic treatment with PG appeared to be effective if given soon after tumor implantation; however, this route of administration failed to affect the tumor growth if given when the tumor was already advanced. The therapeutic efficiency of intralesional PG injection was almost as effective as early systemic treatment. We obtained evidence indicating that effectiveness of PG therapy was associated with an increase of the macrophage and T cell content of tumors. PMID- 6975457 TI - [Intracutaneous skin test in inflammatory colonic diseases using Kunin antigen]. PMID- 6975458 TI - Examination of electrode placements and stimulating parameters in treating chronic pain with conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). AB - Conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was applied to 114 patients diagnosed as having peripheral neuropathy (N = 18), peripheral nerve injury (N = 21), radiculopathy (N = 36) and musculoskeletal disorders (N = 39) to determine optimal electrode placements and stimulation parameters for pain relief. Treatment outcomes were assessed primarily through evaluation of the present pain intensity (PPI) rating scale, Immediate improvements in PPI scores occurred in patients in all these diagnostic categories. One month follow-up data on 25 subjects showed that improvement was of limited duration. No clear correlation between stimulation parameters or electrode placements and pain relief was ascertained. In certain instances (subjects with radiculopathy or peripheral nerve injury) a positive relationship existed between higher intensity stimulation and amelioration of pain. Greater pain relief was reported among patients with minimal previous medical or surgical treatment in every diagnostic group. PMID- 6975459 TI - The effects of non-painful transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cutaneous pain threshold and muscular reflexes in normal men and in subjects with chronic pain. AB - In healthy subjects and in subjects with chronic myofascial pain of one lower limb, the following was measured in both lower limbs: (i) sequential Hoffman (H) reflex, (ii) sequential Achilles tendon (T) reflex, (iii) cutaneous pain threshold determined with electrical stimuli, before, during and after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). In healthy subjects no significant differences were observed between the pain thresholds of the two limbs. During and after TENS, changes of the reflexes were related to the pain thresholds. In the pathological subjects a significant difference of pain threshold was present between the affected limb and the contralateral one. An important difference between healthy and pathological subjects is not the quality but the quantity of the changes induced by TENS, in the sense that the levels of inhibition and facilitation of the reflexes are more evident in patients with pain. Indeed, TENS induces a reset of sensory and of motor system and a parallel long lasting effect both on sensory and on muscular function, with concomitant pain relief in the pathological subjects. PMID- 6975461 TI - [Role of cell-mediated immunity in children with lipoid nephrosis]. PMID- 6975460 TI - [Peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subpopulations in children with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6975462 TI - [Indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in children with chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6975464 TI - [Immunological reaction to nuclear antigens in children with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6975463 TI - [Studies on selected parameters of immunological reactivity in children with neuroblastoma]. PMID- 6975465 TI - [Early measurement of portal pressure as a deciding factor in the treatment of ruptured oesophageal varices (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study of 51 patients with ruptured oesophageal varices showed a clear-cut difference in mean portal pressure between those who underwent elective surgery (33.7 cm/H2O) and those who were operated upon while still bleeding after failure of medical treatment (41.3 cm/H2O). It would appear that medical treatment is likely to be unsuccessful in 75% of the cases when portal pressure exceeds 35 cm/H2O. These findings tend to indicate that a rapid therapeutic decision would improve the results of emergency treatment. Early measurement of portal pressure by jugular vein catheterization seems to be essential, but other diagnostic procedures, such as laboratory tests and liver biopsy, are also important. A prospective study of 11 recent cases where these procedures were carried out appears to confirm their value as deciding factors in the treatment of ruptured oesophageal varices. PMID- 6975466 TI - The use of transcutaneous nerve stimulation in patients with severe pain. PMID- 6975467 TI - Detection of placental protein five (PP5) and pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (SP1) in benign and malignant breast disease. AB - Sensitive radioimmunoassays for the placental proteins PP5 and SP1 were used to investigate possible ectopic synthesis of these proteins by breast tumors. Elevated serum levels of the proteins were found in a small proportion of patients who had undergone mastectomy for malignant tumors, but little useful information on tumor spread could be gained from such measurements. In two patients with elevated pre-operative serum PP5, the levels fell to normal upon resection of the tumor, suggesting that PP5 may be a product of the tumor. PP5 and SP1 were found to be present in the majority of homogenates of malignant and benign breast lesions; the highest concentrations of SP1 were found in malignant tumors, whereas with PP5, especially high levels were found in cases of simple cystic disease. PMID- 6975469 TI - [B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of healthy cattle and in various gynecological and obstetrical cases]. AB - The influence of mouse and horse complement on the detectability of EAC rosettes was compared. A slightly higher detectability of the rosettes was obtained by using horse serum as source of the complement. The percentage of lymphocytes B was determined in 26 head of cattle of ncb breed at the age of 2 to 14 years. In this group 11 animals were with gynecological and obstetric diseases, including 2 physiological deliveries and 1 case of catarrhal inflammation of the uterus, 4 complicated deliveries with Cesarean section and 4 Cesarean sections made prematurely in the 9th month of pregnancy. It was shown that inflammatory conditions within the reproduction organ as well as complications in healing of postoperative wounds result in a double increase of lymphocytes B in the peripheral blood, as compared to healthy animals. PMID- 6975470 TI - REM sleep induction in prepubertal boys by vasotocin: evidence for the involvement of serotonin containing neurons. AB - The pineal nonapeptide hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT) (100 ng/kg) administered intra-nasally (IN) to healthy prepubertal boys, dramatically increased the amount of REM sleep, decreased REM sleep latency, and induced REM periods at sleep onset. Neither arginine vasopressin (AVP) nor oxytocin administered IN at the dose of 100 ng/kg was able to reproduce the effects of AVT, demonstrating its high specificity. Methergoline, a selective central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor blocker, administered IN at the dose of 100 ng/kg, completely prevented AVT induction of REM sleep. Fluoxetine, a specific 5-HT uptake inhibitor, administered IN at the dose of 25 microgram/kg, 10 min after AVT, greatly potentiated the effects of AVT in inducing REM periods at sleep onset and in increasing the amount of REM sleep and the percentage of dream reports. It is suggested that AVT induces REM sleep in prepubertal boys by interfering with 5-HT neurotransmission and that the high sensitivity of prepubertal boys to AVT reflects an immaturity of REM triggering centers. PMID- 6975468 TI - [Hereditary tyrosinemia in an acute form: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975472 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Trichomonas vaginalis to zinc. AB - The prostate has long been considered to be a site of sequestration of Trichomonas vaginalis. From this reservoir, organisms are thought to be shed during intercourse and produce repeated infections in the female genitourinary tract. Bacteria known to cause prostatitis are inhibited by concentrations of zinc found in uninfected prostatic secretions. The present study demonstrates a similar inhibitory effect of zinc on the growth of T. vaginalis. This finding would suggest that, in otherwise healthy males, the prostate is not likely to be a reservoir for latent infection by these organisms. PMID- 6975471 TI - [Hemophilia and related hemorrhagic diseases in Poland]. PMID- 6975473 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the stomach and Fanconi's anaemia. AB - A case of Fanconi's anaemia is described. The patient developed gastric ulcers at 14 years and died of adenocarcinoma of the stomach at the age of 21 years. The need fully to investigate gastric pathology by endoscopy and biopsy, as well as radiology, is stressed. So far as the authors are aware this is the first description of adenocarcinoma of the stomach occurring in Fanconi's anaemia, a condition known to predispose to malignancy. PMID- 6975474 TI - Blood pressure and its relationship to plasma lipids and lipoproteins in children: cross-sectional data from the Fels longitudinal study. PMID- 6975475 TI - 23,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3: a natural precursor in the biosynthesis of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone. AB - To elucidate the biosynthesis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone, two known metabolites of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3--23,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25,26 dihydroxyvitamin D3--were incubated individually with kidney homogenate prepared from vitamin D-supplemented chickens, a preparation known to produce the lactone from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone produced in vitro was then separated, purified, identified, and quantitated by consecutive straight-phase and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 23,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a far better substrate for production of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone than is 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Production of lactone is highly selective for the natural 23(S)-hydroxy-23,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 while both epimers of 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in small amounts of product comigrating with natural lactone. It appears that 23(S),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, but not 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is a natural precursor in the synthesis of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone; this result also implies that the configuration of the lactone at C-23 is S. PMID- 6975477 TI - B-lymphocyte responses to trinitrophenyl-conjugated Ficoll: requirement for T lymphocytes and Ia-bearing adherent cells. AB - These studies were done to characterize the cellular requirements for B lymphocyte responses to the haptenated polysaccharide trinitrophenyl-conjugated Ficoll. By using an in vitro microculture system, it was demonstrated that hapten specific anti-trinitrophenyl-conjugated Ficoll plaque-forming cell responses by B lymphocytes require Ia-bearing adherent accessory cells and Thy 1+ Lyt 1+2- nylon wool-nonadherent (T) lymphocytes. Such T cells could be primed in vivo with nonderivatized Ficoll to show carrier-specific helper cell function for derivatized Ficoll responses in vitro. The implications of these findings for our understanding of b-lymphocyte triggering by so-called T-independent antigens are discussed. PMID- 6975476 TI - Conversion of soluble immune response suppressor to macrophage-derived suppressor factor by peroxide. AB - After incubation with soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS), a product of concanavalin A-activated Ly2+ T cells, macrophages release a factor that suppresses in vitro antibody responses, DNA synthetic responses to T-cell and B cell mitogens, and division of several tumor cell lines. This factor, macrophage derived suppressor factor (M phi-SF), is a protein with an apparent Mr of 55,000 that is inactivated by sulfhydryl compounds, certain amines, and iodide but not by other halides. In experiments reported here, conventional SIRS and SIRS produced by a cloned T-cell hybridoma were used to analyze formation of M phi-SF by SIRS-treated macrophages. Formation of M phi-SF was insensitive to inhibitors of protein and prostaglandin synthesis but was sensitive to catalase and cyanide, indicating that M phi-SF was not a newly synthesized product and that peroxide was important to its formation. As M phi-SF and SIRS have similar molecular weights and other properties, it is possible that M phi-SF is SIRS modified by peroxide. To test this possibility, SIRS was treated with H2O2 and M phi-SF activity was determined. H2O2 at 0.1-1 pM was sufficient to convert SIRS to M phi SF; the reaction required approximately 15-20 min and was sensitive to cyanide. Several conventional peroxidase substrates inactivated M phi-SF produced by the SIRS-H2O2 reaction or by SIRS-treated macrophages. In addition, catalase and several of the compounds that directly inactivate M phi-SF also partially interfere with SIRS-mediated suppression of antibody responses. Collectively, these data suggest that SIRS-treated macrophages produce H2O2, which converts SIRS to M phi-SF, which has properties of an oxidized peroxidase-like protein and acts by oxidizing cellular components essential for cell division. PMID- 6975478 TI - Synergistic interaction between 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, thymidine, and hydroxyurea against human B cells and leukemic blasts in vitro. AB - Isobologram analysis was used to examine the interaction between 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C), thymidine (dThd), and hydroxyurea. All three pairs of drugs, as well as the triple combination, were synergistic against a human B cell line in vitro across a broad range of concentrations. Synergy was associated with an increase in the Ara-C nucleotide pool and Ara-C triphosphate concentration. dThd increased, and hydroxyurea decreased, the incorporation of Ara-C into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble macromolecules per unit time. Hydroxyurea was more effective than dThd at equimolar concentrations in increasing the acid-soluble Ara-C pool. Maximal stimulation of Ara-C triphosphate formation by dThd occurred at 1 mM and was associated with reduction of the deoxycytidine triphosphate pool to 31% of control. At the same concentration, hydroxyurea increased Ara-C triphosphate formation to a greater extent but increased deoxycytidine triphosphate to 116% of control. When tested at clinically achievable concentrations on blasts from patients with acute leukemia, hydroxyurea increased the Ara-C nucleotide pool in all six cases studied, whereas dThd decreased the Ara-C nucleotide pool. These results indicate that in SB cells dThd and hydroxyurea work by different mechanisms to augment the Ara-C nucleotide pool and that hydroxyurea may be more effective than dThd as a modulator of Ara-C activity in patients with acute leukemia. PMID- 6975479 TI - High molecular weight peptide with corticotropin-releasing factor activity from porcine hypothalami. AB - The presence of a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) behaving as a peptide with a molecular weight of about 5000 was established after purification of porcine hypothalamic extracts by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and then on Sephadex G 50. Purified CRF stimulated the release of corticotropin (ACTH) in three in vitro systems: isolated rat pituitary quarters, monolayer cultures of dispersed pituitary cells, and superfused pituitary cells on a column. A linear logarithmic dose-response relationship existed between 50 and 200 micrograms of CRF preparations per ml and the total amount of ACTH released by the superfused pituitary cells. The pituitary ACTH response to CRF in the pituitary quarters system was also approximately linearly related to the logarithm of the dose of CRF. CRF also stimulated in vivo release of ACTH in rats pretreated with chlorpromazine, morphine, and Nembutal. CRF activity was labile to digestion with trypsin and chymotrypsin and was partially destroyed by pepsin. The evidence indicates that CRF of porcine origin is a polypeptide of a higher molecular weight than previously assumed. PMID- 6975481 TI - Origin of microglia: cell transformation from blood monocytes into macrophagic ameboid cells and microglia. PMID- 6975480 TI - New class of transforming growth factors potentiated by epidermal growth factor: isolation from non-neoplastic tissues. AB - Proteins potentiated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) to induce a transformed phenotype in non-neoplastic rat kidney fibroblasts in cell culture have been isolated from many non-neoplastic tissues of the adult mouse, including submaxillary gland, kidney, liver, muscle, heart, and brain. They resemble previously described transforming growth factors (TGFs) isolated from neoplastic cells as follows: they are extractable by acid/ethanol and are acid-stable, low molecular weight (6000-10,000) polypeptides requiring disulfide bonds for activity; and they cause anchorage-independent growth of non-neoplastic indicator cells that will not grow in soft agar in their absence. Partial purification of these TGFs from submaxillary glands of male mice shows that they are distinct from EGF. Unlike previously described extracellular TGFs, but like certain cellular TGFs from neoplastic cells, they are potentiated by EGF in their ability to promote anchorage-independent growth. The isoelectric point of the submaxillary gland TGF protein is near neutrality. Chromatography on Bio-Gel P-30 followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography has resulted in a 22,000-fold overall purification. The most purified protein is active in inducing growth in soft agar at 1 ng/ml when assayed in the presence of EGF. The data add further evidence to the concept that neoplasia may result from a quantitative, rather than qualitative, alteration in non-neoplastic biochemical processes. PMID- 6975484 TI - Sodium transport in frog skin: a student laboratory experiment in epithelial physiology. PMID- 6975482 TI - Amino acid and monoamine inhibition of sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. AB - Parasympathetic preganglionic discharges recorded from pelvic nerves in spinal cats were evoked by single-pulse stimulation of sacral afferent fibers of descending excitatory pathways in the thoracic spinal cord. Evoked responses were analyzed on-line by signal averaging. Discharges evoked by either pathway were increased in size by 2-10 times by coadministration of both picrotoxin and strychnine, but not by either drug alone. The combination also markedly enhanced evoked increases in bladder pressure. Strychnine was also effective with bicuculline and in cats depleted of central GABA stores by semicarbazide. The monoamine precursors, 5-HTP and L-dopa, only depressed evoked discharges in both untreated and convulsant-treated animals; this depression was enhanced by tricyclic antidepressants. The results indicate that sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are controlled by an unusual type of strong, local tonic inhibition which is mediated by both GABA and glycine. Both amino acid transmitters must be blocked to unmask this inhibition. Interruption of supraspinal control of this local inhibition may account in part for loss of bladder function following spinal injuries. The 5-HT and NE bulbospinal pathways that terminate near the preganglionic neurons also appear to be inhibitory. Enhancement of this inhibitory monoaminergic transmission by tricyclic antidepressants may contribute to the efficacy of these drugs in treating nocturnal enuresis. PMID- 6975483 TI - [Original clinical case. Therapeutic achievement]. PMID- 6975485 TI - [Effect of a single microwave exposure on the number and functional properties of T- and B-lymphocytes of guinea pig and mouse spleens]. PMID- 6975486 TI - [Basic morphology and diagnosis of the prosencephaly malformation (author's transl)]. AB - The basic morphology and neuroradiology of the prosencephalies are described. Differentiation of three groups is possible: 1. The dorsal sac category, 2. The intermediate category and 3. The pseudohemispheric category. Brains of the first group are entirely undivided into hemispheres, bowl-shaped and do have a dorsal sac. Those belonging to the intermediate category have lost the sac. Their posterior parts and the basal ganglia are increasingly cleft by incomplete interhemispheric fissure whereas the primitivity of the frontal region is fully preserved. Brains of the third category are pseudohemispheric i.e. there is a continuous, deep interhemispheric fissure the bottom of which is formed by an uninterrupted bridge for cingulate cortex instead of a corpus callosum. The fornices are lacking as well and the prosencephalic ventricles remain fused. The distribution of the cortical fields is similar to hemispheric brains but without ever achieving fully normality. The most important difference to lower category brains is the complete separation of the motor cortex, and as regards gross morphology their superficial similarity to normal brains. The differential diagnosis from other monoventricular brains such as septum pellucidum defects and the callosal defects with interhemispheric cysts is discussed. PMID- 6975487 TI - [Diagnosis and follow-up studies by computed tomography in hemorrhage of germinal matrix of newborns (author's transl)]. AB - The possibilities of computed tomography in diagnosis and follow-up of cerebral hemorrhage in newborn are demonstrated. The type of bleeding is classified into periventricular, peri- and intraventricular; peri-, intraventricular and intracerebral hemorrhage and in combination with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Among our cases highly affected are children with asphyxia, pathological course of pregnancy and preterm infants with a birth weight less than 1500 g. Special attention is taken to complications such as hydrocephalus shown by follow-up studies. PMID- 6975489 TI - [Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by an intestinal leiomyoma]. PMID- 6975488 TI - Cisternography of the posterior fossa with metrizamide. PMID- 6975490 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow measured with xenon-133 inhalation using emission tomography. PMID- 6975491 TI - Circulating immune complexes, complement factors C3, C4, C1-inhibitor, alpha-1 antitrypsin and immunoglobulins in asthmatic patients. AB - Sera from 159 adult asthmatic outpatients (extrinsic, n = 82, intrinsic, n = 65 and acetylosalicylic acid (ASA)-sensitive, n = 12) and from 100 controls were tested for total levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, complement factors C3, C4, C1 inhibitor, alpha 1-antitrypsin and circulating immune complexes. The following results were observed: (1) a marked increase of IgE in extrinsic asthma; (2) a slight increase of IgM, and (3) an equal increase of complement C4 levels in all three asthma groups; (4) normal mean values of C3 levels with a significantly larger standard deviation of the mean in all three asthma groups; (5) an equally slight decrease of protease inhibitors, such as C1-inhibitor and alpha 1 antitrypsin, and (6) the presence of circulating immune complexes in 22% of extrinsic, in 8% of intrinsic and 13% of ASA-sensitive asthmatics. Circulating immune complexes can be found in all three asthma groups and may correlate with complement deviation. PMID- 6975492 TI - [Electrophysiological study of auditory pathways and the vestibular system in tumor pathology of the 8th cranial nerve and of the cerebellopontile angle]. PMID- 6975493 TI - [Gastroenterologic pathology and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975494 TI - [The treatment of pain by acupuncture: neurophysiological basis and clinical approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975495 TI - [Sezary's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975497 TI - [Demonstration of a subpopulation of T-lymphocytes by a monoclonal lymphocytotoxic antibody produced by cellular hybridization in slightly developed rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - The lymphocytes from 20 cases of mild rheumatoid arthritis have been explored thanks to a monoclonal antibody found in a murine hybridoma of specificity I E/Ck, "cross-reacting" with the human molecules HLA-DR+. A slight increase in the lymphocyte subpopulation T-DR+ is found, representing 25.15% versus 18.5% of the lymphocytes T isolated by rosettes in the normal subject. These cells correspond to a subpopulation of T lymphocytes whose immunologic function remains to be defined. PMID- 6975496 TI - [Stimulation of T-lymphocytes by autologous monocytes. Decrease in the proliferative response in Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome]. AB - A mixed autologous culture enables the measurement of the proliferative response of T lymphocytes which have been stimulated by preparations of autologous mononucleated cells. The role of the monocytes present in the preparation was examined in this study which sought to determine if the autologous response induced by these monocytes was modified during Sjogren's syndrome. Purified monocytes are a powerful stimulant of autologous response in normal subjects. However, high concentrations of monocytes were found to have an inhibiting effect. In patients with Sjogren syndrome, the autologous response induced by monocytes in significantly decreased. This decrease parallels a reduction on "non T" lymphocytes observed in these same patients. The anomaly provoking these two modifications does not appear to be caused by a seric factor or by a deficit of the proliferation of responding T lymphocytes. It is more likely due to a blockage of lymphocyte T/monocyte interactions where the markers of the HLA-D system intervene. PMID- 6975499 TI - Automatic analysis of electro-oculographic (EOG) recordings. Application to audio vestibular diagnosis. AB - An automatic, computerized system for analysis of the ocular movements in nystagmus, slow pursuit and saccades is presented. The performance of the system has been tested in healthy subjects, as well as in patients with peripheral or brainstem audio-vestibular disorders. The automatized procedure enables an extended application of opto-motor tests in the clinical examination of patients with suspected retrocochlear and brainstem involvement. PMID- 6975498 TI - [Intestinal absorption of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975500 TI - [Clinical effects of Napanol, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgesic agent for minor oral surgery and temporomandibular joint diseases]. PMID- 6975501 TI - [Erythrocyte survival in iron deficiency]. PMID- 6975502 TI - [Stromal and T-cell regulation of hematopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 6975504 TI - [The occult blood reaction]. AB - The faecal benzidine assay has been replaced during the last few years by a great number of different assays on occult blood in faeces. The causes of occult blood at children are different from adults. Which test should be used depends on the desired sensitivity of 2 a 3 mg haemoglobin/g faeces are most suitable to prevent false-positive and false-negative results. To reduce false-negative results it is recommended to perform the assay on three successive days. PMID- 6975503 TI - [Concentration of rosette-forming cells and functional activity of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes in patients with different stages of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 6975505 TI - [Skeletal changes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. AB - Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia frequently show skeletal changes. We examined 50 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with reference for skeletal pain as well as the nature and the degree of skeletal changes. 14 children had bone pain. The pain did not correlate with the roentgenographic findings. Some children had characteristic bone changes without bone pain. Roentgenographic findings were observed in 35 of the 50 children (70%). The major lesions observed were: transverse metaphyseal lucent bands, osteolytic lesions, osteosclerotic lesions, periosteal reaction and osteoporosis. Different pathologic findings in leukemia have been given a prognostic value. This was also done for the bony changes but the literature is not coherent on this point. In the group of 17 children with evident skeletal changes, 15 had a non B- non T cell leukemia. Also the age of the patient, apart from the immunological cell type, seems to be an important factor in the incidence of initial skeletal roentgenographic findings. PMID- 6975506 TI - Acute toxicities of toxaphene and endrin to larvae of seven species of amphibians. AB - Seven species of amphibian larvae were exposed to toxaphene and endrin in a continuous-flow dosing system to determine differences in sensitivity to the two compounds, EC50 and LC50 estimates varied from those for Rana sphenocephala by no more than one order of magnitude when calculated on the basis of intended concentrations. Removal of pesticides from water by the test animals was significant and it makes interpretation of results difficult. Continuous-flow toxicity tests conflict with the adaptations of amphibian larvae for static water; use of such tests for amphibians requires further evaluation. PMID- 6975508 TI - Immune response of regional lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer. AB - To clarify immune response of regional lymph nodes in 30 patients with lung cancer, the T cell population, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation and the T cell subpopulation bearing Ig-G Fc receptors (Tg cells) were tested concerning the clinical stage, histology and the lymph nodes locations. The T cell population, and PHA and ConA response rates in lymph nodes of stage I patients were grossly the same as those of benign lung diseases, but were statistically higher than those of stage III patients (p less than 0.025, p less than 0.005). Among the three histological types of lung cancer, regional lymph nodes of adenocarcinoma had the greatest T cell populations, and PHA and ConA responses. Concerning the location of lymph nodes, the closer the lymph nodes was to the tumor, the greater was its T cell population, and vice versa. However there was no difference in PHA and ConA responses. All lung cancer patients revealed a significant increase of Tg cells in regional lymph nodes and in their peripheral blood lymphocytes compared with peripheral blood lymphocytes in normal subjects (p less than 0.005). PMID- 6975507 TI - Hematemesis and Melena: gastritis. AB - The records of a total of 60 gastritis patients who showed hematemesis and/or melena are reviewed. The mean age was 40. The ratio of males to females was two to one. During the examination, 19 upper G-I lesions were confirmed in addition to gastritis. Sixteen patients had severe underlying diseases which were thought to be the cause of the bleeding tendency. Thirteen patients took alcohol or drugs which induced bleeding. Prognoses of the patients were relatively good when they were treated medically. PMID- 6975509 TI - The PFD test for pancreatic disease patients. AB - The PFD test was performed on various pancreatic disease patients. The urinary PABA excretion rate was significantly lower in chronic pancreatitis patients and in pancreatic carcinoma patients than in the controls, but no difference was observed between PABA excretion in the two diseases. After surgery, PABA excretion values of pancreatic carcinoma patients were significantly lower than those of non-pancreatitis non-pancreatic carcinoma patients. This was thought to be caused by the difference in residual anastomosed pancreatic tissues. Mild to severe pancreatitis, fibrosis and/or fat necrosis were seen in the pancreatic tissues of carcinoma patients, but these changes were minimal in non-pancreatitis non-pancreatic carcinoma patients. The PFD test is useful in detecting decreases in pancreatic exocrine functions or measuring the grade of pancreatic disorders in various pancreatic diseases, although it can not be used to differentiate pancreatic diseases. PMID- 6975510 TI - 17-Hydroxyprogesterone metabolism in the monkey fetal adrenal: C17-20lyase and 21 hydroxylase activities. AB - C17-20Lyase and 21-hydroxylase activities were measured during late gestation in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) fetal adrenal. Activities were assessed in 10,000 x g supernatants with 17-hydroxyprogesterone and NADPH as substrates. Although conversion of [14C]17-hydroxyprogesterone to [14C]androstenedione was noted, activity was often nonlinear and far less than the rate of hydroxylation which together prevented an accurate estimation of lyase rate, Km and Vmax. 21 Hydroxylase activity was characterized; the mean reaction rate was 1.6 x 10(-3) mumoles NADPH oxidized/min. x mg-1 protein with an apparent Km of 3.6 x 10(-7) M and a Vmax of 2.2 x 10(-3) mumoles/min. x mg-1 protein. These values were similar to data obtained in adrenals from adult monkeys. A relatively high level of hydroxylase activity in the fetal gland might lead to an inadequate supply of precursors for the synthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in the adrenal if it also contained 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-hsdh). However, the fact that the fetal adrenal reportedly is deficient in 3 beta-hsdh may serve to protect both DHEAS and corticoid synthesis. PMID- 6975511 TI - Xenon and iodine enhanced cerebral CT: A closer look. AB - Xenon and iodine enhanced dynamic computerized tomography (CT) have been used experimentally to obtain both qualitative and quantitative information on local cerebral blood flow in both normal and infarcted tissue. Direct comparisons between Xenon enhancement, iodine enhancement and pathological findings demonstrate significant differences between results derived from each of the 2 in vivo techniques. While iodine enhanced dynamic CT yields valuable information concerning the patency and density of vasculature, xenon enhanced studies can provide highly focal information on cerebral tissue perfusion. PMID- 6975512 TI - Focal cerebral hyperemia in acute stroke. Incidence, pathophysiology and clinical significance. AB - In a consecutive study comprising 41 patients with completed stroke of less than 72 hours duration, cerebral angiography and measurements of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were performed within 24 hours after admission. The rCBF study was done using the 133-Xenon intracarotid injection method and a 254 multi detector camera. CT scan was done 24 hours after the rCBF study. Focal cerebral hyperemia was found in 16 patients. The study revealed 3 different types of hyperemia: Border-zone hyperemia, surrounding ischemic areas, was seen in patients with occluded arteries on angiography, presumably resulting from accumulation of acid metabolites in the border-zone of acute infarcts. Postischemic hyperemia was seen in patients without occlusion, presumably due to recanalization of a prior occluded artery. Remote hyperemia was found distant from the infarcted area, presumably due to local tissue pressure on brain tissue. Cortical infarcts (10 patients) all had extensive hyperemic areas. Because the 254 detector camera has an excellent resolution in the cortical surface, our findings strongly suggest that all acute cerebral infarcts are, in fact, associated with hyperemic areas. The hyperemic areas are often extensive and vascular reactivity is commonly impaired. It is suggested that treatment aimed at reducing blood flow in hyperemic areas might improve prognosis. PMID- 6975514 TI - 11C-Iodoantipyrine for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow by positron emission tomography. Validation studies. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) makes it possible to employ an in vivo autoradiographic paradigm to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in man. In this study, we synthesized the positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical 11C iodoantipyrine (11C-IAP) and validated its suitability as a CBF tracer. 11C ( T and one-half 20.4 min) was produced by the (p,alpha) nuclear reaction on 14N. 11C methyl iodide was used to methylate 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one to form 11C-antipyrine, which was iodinated. Radiochemical purity of the 11C-IAP product was 93-98% except as described below. rCBF was measured with 11C-IAP in nitrous oxide-anesthetized Wistar rats by the method of indicator fractionation, and values were compared with rCBF values measured with simultaneously administered commercially produced 14C-IAP. rCBF was studied over a range of arterial Pco2 values (31-58 mm Hg, mean 43.0 +/- 3.5). Mean rCBF data for the 2 tracers agreed to within 4.8% for cerebral hemispheral samples, 3.8% for cerebellum, and 5.3% for brainstem. Mean values (+/- SEM) for rCBF using 11C-IAP were 1.67 +/- 0.20 ml gm-1 min-1 for cerebral hemispheres; 1.32 +/- 0.17 for cerebellum; and 1.50 +/- 0.21 for brainstem. When chromatographic analysis revealed tracer impurity, rCBF, as measured with 11C-IAP, fell consistently below values obtained with 14C-IAP. The data indicate that 11C-IAP, when properly synthesized and submitted to batch by-batch quality control, may be suitable for measuring rCBF in man by emission tomography. PMID- 6975513 TI - Sensitivity of rCBF to focal lesions. AB - The ability of the 133Xenon inhalation method to lateralize cerebral infarctions visible on CT scan was tested in 39 patients. At each of 7 hemispheric regions the flow rate in the lesioned hemisphere was divided by that in the unaffected hemisphere and this ratio was compared with the corresponding ratio for normal subjects. The fast compartment relative flow f1 correctly lateralized the lesion in only 6 patients with no false lateralizations. If the fast compartment relative weight w1 was also considered, the correct lateralizations were increased to about 50%. With the less well-known ISI and the Fractional Flow considered together, the laterality of the lesion was identified correctly in 85% of cases, with no false lateralizations. PMID- 6975515 TI - Anopheles farauti Laveran from the New Hebrides. PMID- 6975517 TI - Cloning of human T lymphocytes in transplantation. PMID- 6975518 TI - Existence of two allelic C-locus antigens (Cw1 and Cw3) with Bw46 on the same haplotype in Japanese individuals. PMID- 6975516 TI - Regulation of the immune response to alloantigens. PMID- 6975519 TI - 8w59 (Bu) and Bw53 antigen found in the Japanese population. PMID- 6975520 TI - [Diffusion of fluorescein molecules in muscle fiber. I. The determination of the coefficient of diffusion]. AB - Two methods for measuring the diffusion coefficient of fluorescein molecules (molecular weight 376 D) micropipetted to frog muscle fibre are discussed. The first (photoelectric) method implies that the fluorescein intensity is determined at a known distance from the site of injection using a photometric probe. The time dependence of this intensity has a maximum. If to apply the equation of heat conductance in a cylinder with impermeable walls on supply of point heat impulse, a simple formula is obtained for calculating the diffusion coefficient. The second method consists in photographing a stained portion of the fibre in fluorescence light. After densitometry of the film, the diffusion coefficient is calculated from the Gaussian equation. As demonstrated by the measurements, the diffusion coefficient values for fluorescein are three-fold lower than for water. PMID- 6975522 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the ultraviolet fluorescence of rat thymus lymphocytes]. PMID- 6975521 TI - [Diffusion of fluorescein molecules in muscle fiber. II. The ratio of the coefficient of diffusion to the fiber diameter]. AB - The diffusion of sodium fluorescein was studied upon alteration of the medium tonicity and the fibre stretching. In the former case, coefficients of both translational (Dt) and of rotational (Dr) diffusion changed, but not equally. With a decrease of the fibre diameter on hypertonia, Dt is reduced more drastically than Dr, which means that the diffusion anisotropy (see formula in text) is diminished. On stretching muscle fibres, provided their volumes are constant, the diffusion rate is not changed. It is concluded that the surface ordered water in muscle fibre capillaries, in which dye molecules are diffusing, becomes desorganized in the process of hypertonic contraction due to the increase of ionic concentration (potassium, for the most time). PMID- 6975524 TI - [Incidence of vestibular disorders in chronic suppurative otitis media]. PMID- 6975523 TI - [Treatment of endophthalmitis by vitrectomy]. PMID- 6975525 TI - [The otolith reflex and spatial perception in cosmonauts]. PMID- 6975526 TI - [Use of falimint postoperatively in tonsillectomy]. PMID- 6975527 TI - [Immunological indices as a criterion for evaluating the results of ORL management in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6975528 TI - Trimethoprim and sulfadiazine concentrations in aqueous and vitreous humors of the dog. PMID- 6975530 TI - [Effect of sinusoidal modulated currents on systemic hemodynamic processes in hypertension]. PMID- 6975531 TI - [Rehabilitative treatment of peptic ulcer patients after stomach surgery by including sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter waves]. PMID- 6975529 TI - [Membranous digestion in celiac sprue and pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 6975532 TI - [Effect of decimeter waves on humoral immunity in gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer patients]. PMID- 6975534 TI - [Role of age in N-nitrosodimethylamine- and N-dimethylnitramine-induced carcinogenesis in Rana temporaria L. amphibians]. AB - A comparison of the reactions of adult and juvenile amphibians Rana temporaria showed that the host sensitivity (latency and tumour incidence) of both groups of animals to the carcinogenic action of N-nitrosodimethylamine and dimethylnitramine was of the same order. However, a "shift" in organ sensitivity (different organotropic effect) was observed. The predominance of hepatocellular cancer in adult and hemocytoblastosis in young Rana temporaria was significant (P less than 0,01). The mechanisms of these "shifts" are unknown, but a role of the metabolic and reparative processes has been suggested. PMID- 6975533 TI - [Effect of decimeter waves on the cardiovascular system in exposure of the chest cavity area]. PMID- 6975535 TI - [Correlations of immunity indices in arteriosclerotic cardiosclerosis]. PMID- 6975536 TI - [Significance of endogenous factors for the development of chronic pneumonias]. PMID- 6975538 TI - [Case of Kartagener triad]. PMID- 6975537 TI - ["Active" rosette-forming T-lymphocytes in ocular herpes]. AB - A decrease in the relative and absolute number of "active" rosette-forming lymphocytes was demonstrated in the peripheral blood of the patients with ophthalmic herpes running a severe course. The correlation between the severity of the disease and the extent of immune response disturbance detectable by the test of "active" rosette-formation suggests that this method can be used clinically for the prognosis of the disease and control of the development of secondary immunological insufficiency. PMID- 6975539 TI - [Immunodiagnosis in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6975540 TI - [Immune diagnosis of collagen diseases]. PMID- 6975541 TI - [Emergency endoscopy in patients with hereditary hemophilia]. AB - Haemorrhages from the upper gastrointestinal tract are a particularly threatening complication for patients with hereditary haemorrhagic diathesis. Though in the individual case under conservative therapy a temporizing attitude is possible, the source of the haemorrhage should be localized. When the peculiarities of this group of patients are taken into consideration the emergency endoscopy does not evoke a new danger of bleeding, on the contrary it is a decisive prerequisite for the individual therapy according to indication. PMID- 6975542 TI - [Effect of bypass surgery on the presence and quality of collaterals in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - The presence and quality of collaterals in coronary angiograms were studied in 89 patients with CHD before and after bypass surgery as well as in 12 unoperated patients who also underwent left heart catheterization twice. Total and local evaluation of collaterals was made in terms of global and regional collateral scores as well as collateral flow rates. Total revascularization generally leads to an entire disappearance of collaterals in the angiogram and represents a criterium for assessing the success of bypass surgery. In non-revascularized as well as unoperated patients, the quality of collaterals improves. This is attributable to additional surgically induced changes in the coronary arteries and progression of the underlying disease, respectively. Partially revascularized patients display no definite changes in total collateral score. In these cases, collaterals to the revascularized regions diminish, whereas those to non revascularized regions increase. Myocardium not revascularized directly by an aortocoronary bypass graft is thus indirectly revascularized via the secondary appearance of collaterals, which enhance regional perfusion. PMID- 6975543 TI - [Clinico-immunological correlations in psoriatic arthritis based on data from determining cellular (T- and B-lymphocytes) and humoral (IgG, IgA and IgM) immunity factors]. PMID- 6975544 TI - [Trichometry as a method of assessing treatment effectiveness in premature hair loss]. PMID- 6975545 TI - [The structure of the myelin membrane of the frog sciatic nerve: in vivo determination by x-ray diffraction at 15 angstroms spatial resolution]. PMID- 6975546 TI - [Sexual development of school children of metropolitan areas of Caracas]. PMID- 6975548 TI - [Biostatistical analysis of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate of rheumatic patient. Part II. (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975549 TI - Pain relief in labor by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. A prospective matched study. AB - The study evaluated transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNS) for pain relief in labor, used in parallel with conventional methods. The investigation comprised 566 vaginally delivered women, 283 of whom were given TNS. Pain relief was evaluated with a questionnaire which the women answered shortly after delivery. With a statistical multivariate technique, it was concluded that TNS has a specific effect on pain localized to the back. Few women in either the TNS or the control group reported good relief of pain localized to the suprapubic region. Nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture was used less often in the TNS group than in the controls. Duration of labor and maternal blood loss were comparable in the two groups. The babies borne by primiparae in the TNS group tended to have better Apgar scores. Fewer babies of primiparae in the TNS group required observation for two days or more on the neonatal ward than was the case with the controls. However, the electrical stimulation could not be used optimally as it interfered with monitoring the fetal heart rate in half the cases. It is concluded that although TNS has a good effect on low-back pain and seems to have no negative effects on the mother or child, it is only a complement to conventional methods. PMID- 6975550 TI - Pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein and chorionic gonadotrophin in early human pregnancy. AB - Venous blood samples were collected prospectively in ten menstrual cycles where conception occurred, and for several weeks thereafter, and the circulating concentrations of pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) determined using specific radioimmunoassays. The data were converted to logarithms and pooled and pooled using the day of the LH peak as zero time. The concentration profiles so obtained were remarkable similar and showed a rapid exponential increase in concentration during the very early stage of pregnancy. The doubling times were 2.4 days and 2.3 days for SP1 and HCG respectively and both proteins were initially secreted in approximately equivalent concentrations. However, some 30 days following the LH peak, the concentration profiles began to diverge, with SP1 levels continuing to rise whilst HCG concentrations showed the characteristic plateau at 8 and 10 weeks of gestation. PMID- 6975547 TI - Comparison of acute effects of 1.25- and 24.25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in normal subjects. AB - Effects of small iv doses of 1.25-dihydroxy- and 24.25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (a microgram) were studied in 10 normal subjects. Injection of 1.25 (OH)2D3 was associated with small but significant increases in plasma calcium and phosphate but plasma levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and calcitonin (iCT) did not change. The administration of 24.25 (OH)2D3 was associated with comparable decreases in plasma calcium and a small and transient decrease in plasma iPTH. Plasma levels of iCT did not change. 24.25 (OH)2D3 also significantly increased glomerular filtration rate and decreased the urinary excretion of noradrenaline, in contrast to 1.25 (OH)2D3 which had no effect on these variables. The rapid infusion of calcium significantly decreased levels of iPTH. We conclude that small doses of 1.25 (OH)2D3 and 24.25 (OH)2D3 have little, if any, direct effect on the secretion of PTH and CT in man. PMID- 6975551 TI - The RNAse-RNAse inhibitor system in the liver of the frog Rana esculenta: subcellular distribution and differential binding of inhibitor with multiple RNAses. AB - The aim of our work was to investigate the biological basis of the existence of multiple alkaline RNAses in the Rana esculenta liver with respect to formation of a RNAse-RNAse inhibitor complex (latent RNAse). Subcellular distribution indicated that most of the alkaline RNAse activity appeared in the high-speed supernatant and mainly in a latent form bound to an endogenous inhibitor. This RNAse-RNAse inhibitor complex was isolated, the bound RNAse activity was released and found to correspond to RNAse III and RNAse IV, the two most cathodic RNAses present in the supernatant fraction. The two RNAses differed markedly in the ability to interact with the inhibitor and this might be essential for the different biological roles the RNAses may play in the regulation of cytoplasmic RNA level. On the basis of molecular weight determinations we assume that the enzyme-inhibitor complex is shared by two different RNAses. PMID- 6975552 TI - Influence of ethanol and acetaldehyde on electro-mechanical coupling of skeletal muscle fibers. AB - The effects of ethanol were studied on the time course of the isometric twitch and tetanus of isolated semitendinosus muscle fibers of Rana temporaria (at 2.8 4.5 degrees C). Ethanol in concentrations between (0.1-0.4 M) suppressed the isometric twitch without significantly affecting the tetanic tension amplitude. A further increase in ethanol concentration (0.5 M) depressed the tetanic tension as well. The maximum rate of force development both of twitch and tetanus was reduced. These changes were fully reversible when ethanol was removed from the bathing fluid. In presence of ethanol there was a reduction, although not statistically significant, in the resting membrane potential and in the maximum rate of rise of the action potential. The overshoot and the maximum rate of fall of the action potential were significantly lowered leading to a prolongation of the duration of the action potential. Acetaldehyde in relatively low concentrations (0.9-1.8 mM) caused marked potentiation of the twitch without significantly affecting the tetanic amplitude. These changes were, to a great extent, reversible. Higher concentrations (18 mM) of acetaldehyde reduced both the twitch and the tetanic tension and these effects were not reversible on removal of drug from the bathing solution. No detectable effects of the drug (1.8 mM) were observed on resting or action membrane potentials of the muscle fibre. The data presented supports the idea that ethanol suppresses the twitch response by inhibiting the calcium release mechanism and uncouples the excitation contraction process. The twitch potentiation by acetaldehyde seems to be due to enhancement of calcium release from the storage sites. PMID- 6975553 TI - Effects of vestibular and visual motion perception on task performance. AB - The effects of foveal and peripheral visual, as well as vestibular, cues on the performance and control behaviour of subjects in two different roll control tasks were studied in a moving base flight simulator with low noise motion characteristics. Two different roll control tasks were used, one being a following task (or compensatory tracking task) where a displayed random signal was to be tracked, the other being a disturbance task in which a random signal perturbed the controlled system and the roll angle was to be kept at zero. Consistent improvement in controller performance was found after adding visual peripheral or vestibular (motion) cues to the basic configuration consisting of a central CRT display. Control behaviour, as expressed by controller transfer functions was also markedly influenced by the addition of these extra motion cues, the changes in control behaviour being dependent on the type of control task. Some possible causes for this dependence are discussed. PMID- 6975554 TI - Studies on the lipofuscin pigment in the brain of Rana temporaria L. in the annual cycle. II. Tuber cinereum. AB - Sexually mature Rana temporaria L. frogs were captured in their natural habitat in seven stages of the the annual cycle. The volume of the nuclei of neurocytes of the pars dorsalis of the tuber cinereum containing lipofuscin pigment underwent significant changes in the course of the year. In both sexes the nuclear volume of the neurocytes was greatest in the terminal stage of winter sleep (1st decade of March), and smallest at the beginning of active life (3rd decade of May). The accumulation of lipofiscin pigment varied parallel to the changes in mean volume of the neurocyte nuclei of the pars dorsalis of the tuber cinereum. PMID- 6975555 TI - Reliability of central vestibular signs in identification of posterior fossa pathology. PMID- 6975556 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow measurement in man using xenon-133: two- and three dimensional methods. PMID- 6975557 TI - Cellular immunity in primary hypogammaglobulinaemia: evidence for a generalised lymphocyte defect in some patients with "common" variable hypogammaglobulinaemia. AB - In vivo and in vitro T lymphocyte function was studied in 64 patients with X linked and common "variable" primary hypogammaglobulinaemia. Lymphopenia, splenomegaly, depressed in vitro lymphocyte transformation to mitogens and failure to manifest delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions occurred frequently in the common "variable" group, particularly those with adult onset disease. However, relative circulating T lymphocyte numbers and in vitro lymphocyte transformation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction with the CLA4 lymphoid cell line were normal. Antibody mediated and PHA induced lymphocytotoxicity were also normal. These findings indicate the presence of a generalised lymphocyte defect which is selective for certain T lymphocyte functions. Despite these apparent T lymphocyte defect, none of the patients suffered from the unusual opportunistic parasitic, viral or fungal infections which tend to occur in infants with severe primary defects of both T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 6975559 TI - Ultrastructural correlates of left ventricular contraction abnormalities in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease: determinants of reversible segmental asynergy postrevascularization surgery. AB - The relationships between structural alterations and left ventricular (LV) contraction abnormalities were studied in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Transmural biopsies of the LV anterior free wall were taken during aortocoronary bypass surgery (CABG) in 62 patients. When preoperative anterior wall motion (AWM) was reduced, significant myocardial cell degeneration was found in patients with as well as without previous anterior infarction (MI). The amount of myocardial fibrosis was increased only in patients with ECG evidence of previous anterior MI (p less than 0.001). In a second series of 139 CAD patients, cineventriculograms performed before and 8 months after CABG were examined. In patients with patent grafts to the LV anterior wall not previously infarcted, reduced AWM became normal. In patients with previous anterior MI the outcome of AWM was unpredictable (usually unimproved). Thus the histologic correlate of reduced AWM in segments not previously infarcted was progressive loss of contractile material in otherwise viable myocardial cells. Some reversibility was suggested by restoration of resting function after CABG. Unpredictable results in segments associated with pathologic Q waves appear related to the fibrous component of these previously infarcted areas. PMID- 6975558 TI - [Syndrome due to acetylsalicylic acid intolerance. What should be prescribed as substitutes for aspirin?]. AB - In the daily practice of allergology, one of our commonest problems concerns the prescription of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for our patients who are intolerant of acetylsalicylic acid, whose basic clinical expression of this intolerance is primary bronchial asthma. Our problem is the high frequency with which the syndrome appears after the administration of other analgesics chemically unrelated to acetylsalicylic acid. Most authors accept that derivatives of pyrazolones and indoles, and of phenylisopropionic and anthranilic acids must be avoided. This avoidance is based on collected clinical experience and the currently accepted hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of the syndrome (pyrazolones, indoles, etc. are inhibitors of the byosynthesis of the E series of prostaglandins, particularly PG synthetase). On the other hand there is no agreement concerning what type of analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs and antipyretics we should prescribe for these patients. The conclusions of the protocol which we carried out are as follows. Dextropropoxyphene chlorhydrate, diviminol, tilidine chlorhydrate, salicylamide, benzidamine, pentazocine, isonixine, hyoscine bromide and ergotamine tartrate can be prescribed safely for these patients in the usual therapeutic dosage. To the list of prohibitions should be added the derivatives of glaphenine and phenylacetic acid. As regards paracetamol, our opinion is that its use should be restricted to those cases in which the previously listed drugs cannot be substituted for it, and always after administration under medical supervision in a hospital setting. PMID- 6975560 TI - Computer-enhanced thallium scintigrams in asymptomatic men with abnormal exercise tests. AB - The use of treadmill testing in asymptomatic patients and those with an atypical chest pain syndrome is increasing, yet the proportion of false positive stress electrocardiograms increases as the prevalence of disease decreases. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of computer-enhanced thallium perfusion scintigraphy in this subgroup of patients, multigated thallium scans were obtained after peak exercise and 3 or 4 hours after exercise and the raw images enhanced by a computer before interpretations were made. The patient group consisted of 191 asymptomatic U.S. Air force aircrewmen who had an abnormal exercise electrocardiogram. Of these, 135 had normal coronary angiographic findings, 15 had subcritical coronary stenosis (less than 50 percent diameter narrowing) and 41 had significant coronary artery disease. Use of computer enhancement resulted in only four false positive and two false negative scintigrams. The small subgroup with subcritical coronary disease had equivocal results on thallium scintigraphy, 10 men having abnormal scans and 5 showing no defects. The clinical significance of such subcritical disease in unclear, but it can be detected with thallium scintigraphy. Thallium scintigrams that have been enhanced by readily available computer techniques are an accurate diagnostic tool even in asymptomatic patients with an easily interpretable abnormal maximal stress electrocardiogram. Thallium scans can be effectively used in counseling asymptomatic patients on the likelihood of their having coronary artery disease. PMID- 6975561 TI - Reoperation for coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 6975562 TI - Relative merits of the weight-corrected-for-height indices. PMID- 6975563 TI - Norms for nutritional assessment of American adults by upper arm anthropometry. PMID- 6975564 TI - New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status. AB - Based on measurements of triceps skinfold thickness and upper arm circumference of a cross-sectional sample of 19,097 white subjects aged 1 to 74 yr, derived from the United States Health and Nutritional Examination Survey of 1971 to 1974, the arm muscle circumference, arm muscle area, and arm fat area were calculated. Thereafter, age- and sex-specific percentiles for all three estimates of upper arm tissues were obtained. Based on empirical and theoretical evidence, it is recommended that assessments of nutritional status be made on the basis of areas of fat and areas of muscle rather than direct skinfold thickness and arm circumference. It is also recommended that these new norms should replace those currently in use. PMID- 6975565 TI - On validity of some anthropometric indicators as predictors of mortality. PMID- 6975566 TI - Anthropometry as a screening survey. PMID- 6975569 TI - Haemophilus influenzae associated with periappendiceal abscess. AB - A case of haemophilus influenzae infection in a periappendiceal abscess is reported with clinical history and bacteriologic data. Other reports of similar infections are few. The mode of transmission is discussed. PMID- 6975568 TI - Pancreatic arteriovenous malformation in a patient with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - A 39-year old woman, with a pancreatic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) which ruptured into the pancreatic duct, was treated successfully with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Histological examinations revealed an AVM with extravasation into the pancreatic ducts. A review of the cases reported to date emphasizes the importance of physical signs, individual histories and angiographic studies for early diagnosis and surgery. PMID- 6975567 TI - Patterns of drug use among New England college students. AB - The results of a study of New England college students indicate that in 1977, marijuana and alcohol use among college students was widespread. Nearly all students reported that they drank alcoholic beverages, and more than two-thirds indicated that they had used one or more other drugs within the past year. Of these students, about 60% smoked marijuana, a drug that seems to be related to a student life-style involving the use of alcohol and other "recreational" drugs. Differences between those students who do smoke marijuana and those who abstain are apparently declining as marijuana use becomes more prevalent. PMID- 6975570 TI - Duodenal radiographic findings in hemophilia. PMID- 6975571 TI - Mortality from cancer of the digestive system in Italy: 1950-1975 cross-sectional rates and cohort analysis. AB - In this study of mortality from cancer of the digestive system in Italy, 1950 1975, both cross-sectional rates and cohort analysis were used. The study found that in both sexes age-standardized rates for cancer of the colon, rectum, liver and biliary tract, and pancreas are increasing whereas the rates for cancer of the stomach are decreasing. Rates for esophagus cancer have remained fairly constant. Cohort analysis showed different trends for selected sites. As to cancer of the stomach, for both sexes, cohorts born up until about 1881 have constant or increasing rates; cohorts born after 1881 have declining rates. For cancer of the esophagus in males the rates reach a peak in the 1896 birth-cohort; cohorts born prior to 1896 show an increase in rates and cohorts born later show a decline. For cancer of the colon, liver and biliary tract, and pancreas, the rates rise constantly for all ages and all cohorts in both sexes. The rates for cancer of the rectum rise after age 75 whereas below that age the rates tend to level off and decline. PMID- 6975572 TI - Diet, other lifestyle factors and HDL cholesterol in a population of Australian male service recruits. AB - The association between dietary and other factors and plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration was examined cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a sample (n = 530) of Australian male service recruits (mean age 21 years) involved in a nine-week induction training program. The findings suggest that diet may make an independent contribution to HDL cholesterol, equal in importance to alcohol, smoking, fitness and obesity--previously identified as being important. Water and carbohydrate consumption showed a negative cross sectional association with HDL cholesterol on multivariate analysis. The negative association for carbohydrates was also observed longitudinally. Less consistent associations for saturated fat and for total energy intake were also observed. When the relationship between dietary factors and the HDL cholesterol/cholesterol ratio was examined the most important dietary factor appeared to be saturated fat, which was negatively associated with this ratio. No consistent association was observed for any of the 67 individual foods examined. PMID- 6975573 TI - Classification of leukemias. PMID- 6975576 TI - Positional (provoked) vertigo treated by postural training, vestibular habituation training. PMID- 6975575 TI - Injection sclerotherapy for control of acute variceal hemorrhage. AB - Acute variceal hemorrhage can be controlled effectively with injection sclerotherapy using the flexible gastroscope and endoscopic balloon tamponade. The complication rate is low; however, mortality from irreversible liver failure remains high. This technique is suggested as an alternative to standard medical and operative treatment. PMID- 6975577 TI - [Perceptions of objects moving in space by adolescent drivers (vestibulo-visual perception)]. PMID- 6975578 TI - [Lymphocyte blast transformation reaction in menstrual disorders in girls]. PMID- 6975574 TI - Isoproterenol-induced current changes in glands of frog skin. AB - In this study we report on isoproterenol-induced changes in short-circuit current (SCC) that are located in the glands of the frog skin. Following complete inhibition of the SCC with amiloride (10(-4) M), the addition of isoproterenol (9.0 X 10(-7) M) to the serosal side of the skin elicits a significant increase in SCC from 0.6 +/- 0.1 to 3.9 +/- 0.5 microA/cm2 (p less than 0.001). The conductance is doubled, and both effects are blocked completely with the beta blocking agent propranolol. In the split-skin preparation, in which no glands are present, there is no current response to isoproterenol following amiloride. This indicates that the amiloride-insensitive isoproterenol-stimulated SCC resides in the glands. In the intact skin, removal of sodium (choline replacement) from the serosal (but not the mucosal) medium abolishes this current change. The postisoproterenol current change in amiloride-inhibited skins is also dependent on the presence of chloride in the serosal bath. Preincubation of the amiloride inhibited skin with ouabain (10(-4) M) for 10 min prior to the addition of isoproterenol reduces the isoproterenol response by 50%. These results indicate that there is a sodium- and chloride-dependent ouabain-sensitive secretory mechanism in the skin glands of the frog that is responsible for the development of the isoproterenol-stimulated SCC observed in the presence of amiloride. PMID- 6975579 TI - [Correlation of the trophoblastic beta 1-globulin and chorionic gonadotropin indices and the clinical course of the disease in uterine chorionepithelioma]. PMID- 6975581 TI - Long-term sequelae of histiocytosis X. AB - Residual disabilities are seen in more than half of children who survive histiocytosis. These problems are secondary to either continuously active disease or scarring of previously affected tissues. Fatal outcome from disabilities are particularly seen with pulmonary disease, either from progressive fibrosis or complicating opportunistic infections. "Second' tumors have been seen in association with radiation: brain tumors, osteosarcoma, and thyroid carcinoma. No cases of chemotherapy-related malignancy have been reported. PMID- 6975580 TI - Influence of co-trimoxazole on methotrexate pharmacokinetics in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The effect of co-trimoxazole on methotrexate (MTX) pharmacokinetics was studied in seven children with ALL in remission receiving weekly maintenance therapy. Each child received MTX alone during one course, and MTX with co-trimoxazole during the next. Co-trimoxazole did not cause any significant alteration in either intestinal absorption of MTX, the degree of MTX plasma protein binding, or the average concentration X time exposure to MTX. These results indicate that low doses of co-trimoxazole do not perturb the serum pharmacokinetics of MTX. However, interaction of these drugs at the cellular level still remains a distinct possibility. PMID- 6975582 TI - Immune-inflammatory response in the human neonate. AB - This review briefly summarizes the salient points regarding the immune inflammatory status of neonatal host defenses. The neonate can marshal an immune response to most antigens and infectious agents. The data from previous studies in this area suggested that neonates were "immunologically null,' but much of this information was derived from interpretations which failed to take into account the inflammatory response. Humoral and cellular deficiencies of cell movement and, perhaps, ingestion and bactericidal activities probably contribute significantly to the compromised host defense characteristic of this period of life. The interactions of these major areas in enabling the neonate to resist infections are largely unknown. The answers to these compelling research questions should provide directions in the future diagnosis and treatment of neonatal septicemia. PMID- 6975583 TI - [The effect of pilocarpine hydrochloride on the isolated frog retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975584 TI - Assay for methotrexate in nanomolar concentrations with simultaneous detection of citrovorum factor and vincristine. PMID- 6975586 TI - The somatotopic organization of the cat trigeminal ganglion as determined by the horseradish peroxidase technique. AB - The somatotopic organization of the cat trigeminal ganglion has been investigated in the present study by using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. In separate animals, the corneal, supraorbital, infraorbital, inferior alveolar, or mental branches of the trigeminal nerve have been transected and then soaked in concentrated solutions of HRP. Retrogradely labeled corneal and supraorbital neurons have been found, with extensive overlap between the two cell populations, in the anteromedial region of the trigeminal ganglion. Inferior alveolar and mental neurons have been found to possess similar distributions within the posterolateral part of the trigeminal ganglion. Infraorbital cells have been localized in a central position. The cell bodies of any given nerve are found in at least minimal numbers in all dorsoventral levels of the trigeminal ganglion. However, cell bodies of origin of the supraorbital nerve and the lateral branch of the infraorbital nerve, innervating more posterior or lateral areas of the head and face, are found in greater numbers dorsally. Conversely, cell bodies of origin of the medial branch of the infraorbital nerve, the inferior alveolar nerve, and the mental nerve, supplying more rostral or intraoral areas of the orofacial region, are present in greater numbers ventrally. In contrast, corneal neurons are distributed uniformly in the dorsoventral axis. The ophthalmic and maxillary regions of the trigeminal ganglion appear to be well segregated, whereas the maxillary and mandibular regions exhibit a somewhat greater degree of overlap. Cell bodies of corneal afferent neurons range from 20 to 50 micrometer in diameter, whereas those of supraorbital, infraorbital, inferior alveolar and mental neurons measure from 20 to 85 micrometer. It is concluded from the findings of the present work that much of the cat trigeminal ganglion is organized somatotopically in not only the mediolateral axis but also in the dorsoventral axis. PMID- 6975585 TI - A sensitive liquid chromatographic assay of ethoxycoumarin deethylase with fluorescence detection. PMID- 6975587 TI - Innervation of rat molar teeth: I. Distribution of neuronal cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion from a mandibular molar tooth. AB - The cell bodies of neurons innervating a rat mandibular molar tooth were examined with respect to their location in the trigeminal ganglion. The study sought to determine if these cell bodies were restricted to a specific somatotopic location within the mandibular territory of the ganglion or if they were distributed throughout the entire mandibular territory. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) pellets were placed in the cavity preparation of right first mandibular molar teeth for a 24-hour period. The animals were then perfusion fixed, and the right trigeminal ganglion was removed, sectioned and processed by the tetramethyl benzidine neurohistochemical technic. The four trigeminal ganglia constituting this experimental series demonstrated 129, 185, 236, 318 HRP-positive cell bodies. These cell bodies were dispersed throughout the extent of the mandibular territory. It was concluded from these observations that the distribution of cell bodies innervating a rat mandibular molar tooth is not restricted to a specific region of the mandibular territory of the trigeminal ganglion, but rather the distribution of these cell bodies is throughout all parts of the mandibular territory. PMID- 6975589 TI - Epiglottitis in the adult. PMID- 6975590 TI - [A simple method for detection of functional and genetics alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiencies of human serum (author's transl)]. AB - Insoluble elastin immobilised in Agar plates was used as substrate to quantitate the elastase inhibitory capacity of human sera. This technique was found valuable to evaluate the genetic deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin (Z phenotypes) and also the functional loss of the elastase inhibitory capacity in smokers. A significant decrease of elastase inhibitory capacity was demonstrated in the sera of smokers between 40 and 80 years of age, as compared to non smokers of the same age. This method may be useful for the evaluation of patients suffering from elastic tissue diseases (emphysema, arteriosclerosis). PMID- 6975591 TI - Bronchial hypersecretion, chronic airflow limitation, and peptic ulcer. AB - Men with and men without a history of peptic ulcers were compared using respiratory symptoms and spirographic measurements taken from data recorded in an epidemiologic study. Among the 1,049 men examined, 7% reported a history of peptic ulcer. A clear relationship appeared between bronchial hypersecretion and peptic ulcers. It persisted after adjustment for age, smoking habits, social class, and country of origin. Men with ulcers inhaled tobacco smoke more often. Ulcers, smoking, and chronic phlegm were independently related to a lower body build index. It seems that the relationship between smoking and ulcers was greater among men with chronic phlegm, and it is postulated that peptic ulcers and "chronic bronchitis" might be related to a "common secretory disorder." After adjustment for age, men with a history of peptic ulcers had, not a lower FEV1, but a higher vital capacity. A slightly lower FEV1/VC ratio cannot in such cases be considered as an index of chronic airflow limitation. PMID- 6975588 TI - Human bone marrow biochemical function and megaloblastic hematopoiesis after nitrous oxide anesthesia. AB - Prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide (N2O) inhibits bone marrow function. The duration of exposure to nitrous oxide necessary to induce these changes and their permanence is unknown. The possible prophylactic effect of prior treatment with folinic acid has not been examined previously. Bone marrow function in patients receiving nitrous oxide was assessed by the deoxyuridine (dU) suppression test. Morphologic changes in the bone marrow were also studied. One group was exposed for under 6 h, the next for between 12 and 24 h and a control group who received nonitrous oxide. The control group and the short exposure group showed no abnormality of bone marrow function. The long exposure group had abnormal dU supression tests and a megaloblastic hematopoiesis. The changes observed in this group resolved 12 h after discontinuance of the anesthetic. The changes observed could be prevented by the preoperative administration of folinic acid. The absence of either morphologic or dU suppression test abnormalities following N2O anesthesia for periods of less than 6 h confirms the safety of this anesthetic for the majority of operations for which it is used. It has been confirmed that prolonged exposure to the gas causes impaired marrow function which is of a temporary nature and may be prevented by the prior administration of folinic acid. PMID- 6975592 TI - [21-hydroxylase deficit revealed by hyperkalemia in the absence of renal failure in an insulin-dependent diabetic (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of severe hyperkalemia (7 mmol/l) in an insulin dependent diabetic in the absence of renal failure. This hyperkalemia was due to hypoaldosteronism caused by inadequate hormone biosynthesis in the absence of 21 hydroxylase. Replacement therapy allowed normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters. The various causes of hyperkalemia in the absence of renal failure in insulin-dependent diabetes are discussed, notably the renin deficiency hypoaldosteronism syndrome. This case study is remarkable for a number of reasons, including the very limited degree of virilization, the occurrence of a pregnancy, and the degree of salt excretion. This is a new observation in the diabetic, and is apparently a coincidental association since deficits in 21 hydroxylase are not usually associated with insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 6975594 TI - [Association of thymoma, superficial pemphigus, nephrotic syndrome and lupus biology]. PMID- 6975593 TI - [Rupture of the liver secondary to external cardiac massage in a patient with coronary disease : recovery after partial hepatectomy and aortocoronary by-pass (author's transl)]. AB - A 55-year-old man developed ventricular fibrillation during an attack of acute Prinzmetal-type angina, and was treated by external cardiac massage and a defibrillator. Hemorrhagic shock due to laceration of the left side of the liver developed 48 hours later. A liver lobectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful enabling a coronarography examination to be followed by an aortocoronary by-pass, good results being still present after one year. Complications of cardiac massage, especially those involving the liver, are discussed, as well as the treatment of traumatic liver lesions. PMID- 6975595 TI - Temporal relationship between primary injection and cyclophosphamide administration necessary for the inhibition of the priming for a secondary response. AB - Using the mouse PFC anti-SRBC response, the temporal relationship between primary antigen dose and cyclophosphamide (CP) administration necessary for the inhibition of priming for the secondary IgG response was studied. The administration of CP 1 h after the primary or secondary antigen injection inhibits the responses in both cases. The administration of CP 1 h after the primary antigen injection does not inhibit priming for the secondary response; this priming is inhibited if CP is administered at 12 h or more, and the maximal degree of inhibition is induced when CP is administered 7 or 9 days after the primary antigen injection. Therefore, the proliferation stage of mature B cells to IgM secretion is not necessary for this priming. It is suggested that the switch from IgM to IgG takes place in a proliferative stage of B-cell precursors in presence of the antigen. PMID- 6975596 TI - The incidence and prevalence of reported multiple sclerosis. AB - A national survey, sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, to determine the incidence, prevalence, and economic impact of multiple sclerosis has just been completed. These data are the first report of the results. Based on the data gathered, it is estimated that on January 1, 1976, there were a reported 123,000 multiple sclerosis patients in the conterminous United States (a rate of 58 per 100,000). The annual incidence for the period 1970-1975 was estimated to be 8,800 (a rate of 4.2 per 100,000). The pattern of the disease being more common among females, whites, persons aged 30 50 years, and individuals living above the 37th parallel was also demonstrated. In addition to demographic characteristics, selected disease characteristics of the incidence and prevalence populations were also examined. PMID- 6975597 TI - [Determination of the beta-lactamase-inhibiting capacity of different compounds by using a penicillinase-forming strain of Staphylococcus aureus 5A]. AB - A diffusion method with the use of a penicillinase-forming strain of Staph. aureus 5A was applied to determination of the beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of various compounds. The method is based on measuring the difference in the size of the growth inhibition zones of the staphylococci on trays with and without benzylpenicillin. The method is rather informative. However, a nonspecific secondary beta-lactamase inhibitory effect of high doses of the antibiotic inhibitors of the protein synthesis is possible. Two diffusion methods for determination of the beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of various compounds, i.e. the indicator method based on the direct contact of crystalline penicillinase with the experimental substrate and the method using a penicillinase-producing strain of Staph. aureus 5A and various beta-lactamase producing strains of bacteria without preliminary obtaining of beta-lactamase preparations were compared. It was shown that the indicator method was more rapid, simple and accurate. Still, it did not provide determination of the antibacterial activity of the compounds. It is advised to use both methods for screening various compounds and studying their beta-lactamase inhibitory activity. PMID- 6975598 TI - [Effect of rifampicin on body immunological reactivity]. AB - The studies with 60 guinea pigs and 111 albino mice showed that the daily use of rifampicin for a prolonged period of time in an oral dose of 30 mg/kg for the guinea pigs and 20 mg/kg for the mice had a pronounced effect on the immunological reactivity of the host. The use of rifampicin for 3 months resulted in changed in the structure of the lymphoid organs and suppression of T lymphocytes. It had an inhibitory effect on the development of the anaphylactic shock in response to the resolution dose of the foreign serum. The preliminary treatment of the mice with rifampicin for 2 months lowered the primary and to a greater extent the secondary immune response induced by the sheep red blood cells. PMID- 6975599 TI - [Effect of rubomycin and carminomycin on the delayed hypersensitivity reaction in mice immunized with ram erythrocytes]. AB - The effect of rubomycin and carminomycin on the cellular immunity was studied on the model of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells. It was shown that the antibiotics in the doses of 0.3-0.5 of the LD50 inhibiting the antibody formation induced intensive development of DTH. It was most pronounced on concurrent administration of the drugs or 24 hours after the immunization and did not depend on the antigen dose used for animal sensitization. PMID- 6975600 TI - Protoporphyrinogen oxidation in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, a step in heme and bacteriochlorophyll synthesis. PMID- 6975601 TI - Characterization of the methotrexate transport defect in a resistant L 1210 lymphoma cell line. PMID- 6975603 TI - Percutaneous absorption of griseofulvin and proquazone in the rat and in isolated human skin. AB - Ointments containing griseofulvin and proquazone, respectively, were made up of monoglycerides of medium chain length and an aprotic solvent, glycerinformal. The ointments were applied topically on the back of bile cannulated rats. The total amount absorbed percutaneously and the permeability constants of both drugs were considerably higher for the ointments than for simple solutions of the drugs without monoglycerides. Distribution of the labeled drugs in rat skin has been demonstrated by microautoradiography. Concentrations of the drugs in the different layers of human skin together with the medium flow rates have been determined 16 h after administration of the ointments onto isolated human skin. Monoglycerides of medium chain length enhance significantly the permeability of the stratum corneum for solutes. PMID- 6975602 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in alopecia areata. AB - A study of cell-mediated immunity was carried out in total of 69 subjects with alopecia areata (AA) of the scalp in various phases of its evolution. The blastic responses to mitogens PHA, Con A, and PWM proved significantly reduced, quite independently of the phase of the disease. The total E-rosettes test demonstrated a significant reduction in T-lymphocytes in patients with active AA. On the other hand, no significant differences could be demonstrated between the patients and the controls by means of active E rosette test. The mean values for Tgamma and for theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes were reduced in patients with active AA. The significance of the results is discussed. PMID- 6975604 TI - Study of lymphocyte sub-populations in Giardia infected mice. PMID- 6975606 TI - Manual coronary endarterectomy and revascularization: improving techniques and results. PMID- 6975605 TI - A recirculating cooling system for improved topical cardiac hypothermia. AB - A simple system is described that recirculates cooling fluid for topical cardiac hypothermia. This disposable system can produce a flow of 1,500 ml/min at 2 degrees to 4 degrees C. The recirculating cooler produced significantly lower myocardial temperatures than a conventional fluid-discard system in 22 patients having coronary operation. This system has been used as part of the technique of hypothermic cardioplegia in more than 600 patients. During various cardiac procedures, septal temperatures were maintained well below 20 degrees C for 60 minutes or more without the need to reinfuse the cardioplegic solution. PMID- 6975608 TI - Direct ascending aortic insertion of the "percutaneous" intraaortic balloon catheter in the open chest: advantages and precautions. AB - When intraoperative balloon pump support is needed for patients who cannot be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and when the balloon catheter will not pass retrograde into the aorta from the femoral artery, the catheter must be inserted into the ascending aorta directly. We have found that the new Datascope "percutaneous" balloon catheter offers many advantages for direct insertion into the ascending aorta, but certain precautions are necessary to prevent cerebral emboli when the percutaneous balloon catheter is used this way. PMID- 6975607 TI - Manual coronary endarterectomy with saphenous bypass: experience with 263 patients. AB - From January, 1972, until August, 1980, 271 manual coronary endarterectomies with bypass were performed in 263 patients. All patients underwent additional cardiac procedures simultaneously. The group contained 254 distal right and 17 left endarterectomies (including 8 double endarterectomies). Clinical follow-up was 100%, operative mortality was 2.3% (6 out of 263), and the rate of perioperative infarction was 4.9% (13 out of 263). Cineangiography was performed on 72 patients between 1 and 60 months after operation (mean, 15.4 months). Patency was 85% (61 out of 72). Endarterectomy in a dominant right coronary artery could be planned electively. Left coronary endarterectomy was performed only when diffuse disease prevented standard bypass. Coronary endarterectomy may be used to extend operability with excellent clinical results, low perioperative mortality, and high late patency. Careful attention to technical aspects of core removal and myocardial protection are necessary for consistent results. PMID- 6975609 TI - Effect of K ions on 45Ca fluxes in myelinated nerve. AB - The effects of extracellular K ions and depolarization on 45Ca fluxes were investigated in desheathed sciatic nerves of Rana pipiens and the results compared to Na-Ca countertransport models which postulate the exchange of three or more Na ions for one Ca ion. Changes in the extracellular K ion concentration ranging from 1 to 40 mM at a constant Na gradient did not affect Ca efflux significantly. In Na-Ca-free solutions maintained isotonic with sucrose, increasing K concentrations stimulated Ca efflux. Increasing K concentrations inhibit Ca influx in Na-free solutions. Although membrane potential differences was reduced by up to 40 m v during these procedures, in no instance did depolarization reduce the Ca efflux as predicted by the model and as reported for poisoned squid axon. The results suggest that K ions inhibit Ca influx and activate efflux similar to Na. Furthermore, a fraction of the "residual" Ca efflux observed in the absence of Na and Ca appears to be due to extracellular K ions. This study provides further evidence that mechanisms other than Na-Ca countertransport participate in Ca homeostasis in myelinated nerve. PMID- 6975610 TI - Vascular arrangement in the oral mucosa of Rana esculenta. Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. AB - Corrosion casts of the blood vessels in the oral mucosa of Rana esculenta were examined by the scanning electron microscope. Special attention was paid to the palatine capillaries characterized by numerous blind diverticula. Microanatomy and topography of these peculiar vessels suggests their involvement in gas exchange. The diverticula of the capillaries visible in the casts in form of nodules of various shape and size were examined in detail. PMID- 6975611 TI - Antiglobulin antibodies in blood serum of rabbits hyperimmunized with bovine albumin and treated chronically with hydrazinophtalazines. PMID- 6975612 TI - Meningeal carcinomatosis. AB - We reviewed 33 cases of meningeal carcinomatosis seen at the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, from 1970 through 1979. The major sources of meningeal disease were carcinoma of the breast (21 cases), carcinoma of the lung (five), and malignant melanoma (five). Seventy-eight percent of the patients had widespread metastases at the time of neurologic diagnosis. A combination of radiotherapy and intrathecal administration of methotrexate was the most successful treatment, and 14 of 22 treated patients showed at least symptomatic improvement; however, mean survival in the most improved group was still less than six months. PMID- 6975614 TI - [Postmortem changes in the perilymphatic lactate and pyruvate concentrations of guinea pigs. (author's transl)]. AB - Lactate and pyruvate of perilymph (PL) were studied 30, 60, and 120 min postmortem. During this period the mean lactate concentration of scala tympani and scala vestibuli increased from 4.8 mmol/l found intravitally to 17.8 and 15.1 mmol/l, respectively, whereas pyruvate decreased from an average of 0.33 to 0.10 mmol/l (fig. 1). These inverse changes of concentration yield postmortem lactate/pyruvate quotients which are more than one order of magnitude higher than the quotients found intravitally (Table 1). In comparative tests of blood samples carried out 30, 60, and 120 min after the sampling (Fig.1), the lactate increase was found to be markedly lower than in postmortem PL. The substantial metabolite changes in PL seem to be caused by glycolytic activity of all cochlear structures that are in direct contact with PL. The decrease of pyruvate level is probably due to a shift of the lactate-pyruvate equilibrium (lactate dehydrogenase system) in PL. The blood vessels in the perilymphatic space can be neglected as postmortem metabolite source of PL. PMID- 6975613 TI - [A factor analysis of cochleovestibular findings. (author's transl)]. AB - Using the variables auditory threshold, speech audiometry, SISI, ABLB, stapedius reflex, Carhart-test, Bekesy audiometry and calorization three factors could be extracted: 1. The quality of peripheral speech-coding in combination with central processing; 2. the degree of damage of the inner ear (threshold, distance between hearing-threshold and reflex-threshold, SISI and calorization); 3. a retrocochlear factor. SISI and ABLB are both tests concerning the inner ear, but must be regarded separately as it is to be supposed that these two findings are caused be two different pathologic processes. PMID- 6975617 TI - CT - the future in focus. PMID- 6975615 TI - A physician's guide to HLA immunogenetics. PMID- 6975616 TI - The diagnosis and management of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a comparison of computed tomography, ultrasound and aortography. PMID- 6975620 TI - Control of porphyrin biosynthesis in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and Propionibacterium shermanii. A direct 13C nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy study. AB - The facultative anaerobes Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and Propionibacterium shermanii were grown under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The effect of light was studied with the photosynthetic R. spheroides, and the adaptation of both species to dark anaerobic life was monitored by direct observation of 5-amino[5 13C]laevulinic acid metabolism by using 13C nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 6975619 TI - The activity of creatine kinase in frog skeletal muscle studied by saturation transfer nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - 1. The activity of creatine kinase in intact anaerobic frog muscle at 4 degrees C at rest and during contraction was investigated by using saturation-transfer 31P n.m.r. 2. At rest, the measured forward (phosphocreatine to ATP) reaction flux was 1.7 X 10(-3) M . s-1 and the backward flux was 1.2 X 10(-3) M . s-1. The large magnitude of both fluxes shows that creatine kinase is active in resting muscle, so the observed constancy of [phosphocreatine] demonstrates that the enzyme and its substrates are at equilibrium. 3. The apparent discrepancy between the fluxes must arise largely from an underestimation of the backward flux resulting from interaction of ATP with other systems, e.g. via adenylate kinase. For purposes of further calculation we have therefore adopted 1.6 X 10(-3) M . s 1 as an estimate of both fluxes. 4. During contraction, when the creatine kinase reaction is no longer at equilibrium, the net rate of phosphocreatine breakdown, estimated directly from the change in area of the inorganic phosphate peak, was 0.75 X 10(-3) M . s-1. Saturation transfer indicates that the forward reaction flux remains at approx. 1.6 X 10(-3) M . s-1 and the backward flux decreases to about 0.85 X 10(-3) M . s-1. 5. The activity of creatine kinase during contraction is large enough to account for the well-established observation that, during contraction, the concentration of ATP falls by less than 2-3%. The reaction catalysed by creatine kinase is driven forward during contraction by the large relative increase in the concentration of free ADP, which is more than doubled. 6. The observation that the forward flux does not increase during contraction and that the backward flux decreases can most simply be explained on the basis of competition of reactants for a limited amount of enzyme. PMID- 6975622 TI - Cytosolic androgen receptor in skeletal muscle from normal and testicular feminization mutant (Tfm) rats. PMID- 6975618 TI - The exocellular beta-lactamase of Streptomyces albus G. Purification, properties and comparison with the exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase. AB - The exocellular beta-lactamase of Streptomyces albus G has been purified to near protein homogeneity. It consists of one single polypeptide chain of mol.wt. 30 000-31 000, has a rather low isoelectric point (at pH 6.0) and contains less lysine (2.1%) and more half-cystine residues than most beta-lactamases from other Gram-positive bacteria. Penicillins are much better substrates than delta 3 cephalosporins; the catalytic-centre activity of good penicillin substrates is 333-500 s-1. The exocellular, mol.wt. 17 000 DD-carboxypeptidase of S. albus G [previously purified to protein homogeneity; Duez, Frere, Geurts, Ghuysen, Dierickx & Delcambe (1978) Biochem. J. 175, 793-800] behaves as an exceedingly poor beta-lactamase, hydrolysing benzylpenicillin into benzylpenicilloate 5 x 10( 6)-fold less rapidly than does the exocellular beta-lactamase. To all appearances, the beta-lactamase has no bivalent cation requirement whereas, as shown elsewhere [Dideberg, Charlier, Dupont, Vermeire, Frere & Ghuysen (1980) FEBS Lett. 117, 212-214, and Dideberg, Joris, Frere, Ghuysen, Weber, Robaye, Delbrouck & Roelands (1980) FEBS Lett. 117, 215-218], the DD-carboxypeptidase possesses one essential Zn2+ ion per molecule. Peptide 'mapping' and immunological studies suggest that the two Streptomyces enzymes probably have very different structural and mechanistic properties. PMID- 6975621 TI - Mechanism of action of porphobilinogen deaminase. The participation of stable enzyme substrate covalent intermediates between porphobilinogen and the porphobilinogen deaminase from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. AB - Highly stable labelled complexes are formed between porphobilinogen deaminase and stoicheiometric amounts of [14C]porphobilinogen. On completion of the catalytic cycle by the addition of excess of substrate, the complexes yield labelled product and display all the properties expected from covalently bound enzyme intermediates involved in the deaminase catalytic sequence. PMID- 6975623 TI - Nucleophilic cleavage of the complex between human alpha-1-antitrypsin and porcine pancreatic elastase. PMID- 6975624 TI - Detection of serine proteinase inhibitors in human cornified cells. PMID- 6975625 TI - Epidermal growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on a 120 000 dalton protein in mouse liver plasma membrane subfractions. PMID- 6975626 TI - Ozone inactivation of anti-elastase activity of chicken ovoinhibitor and human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. PMID- 6975627 TI - Cytochrome P-450 and ethoxycoumarin-deethylation in rat gastric microsomes: induction by 3-methylcholanthrene and inhibition by cimetidine. PMID- 6975628 TI - Effects of gene modulators on the acetylation of chromosomal proteins of rat liver slices. PMID- 6975629 TI - Age influences the clinical and serologic expression of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The clinical and serologic characteristics of 17 patients with onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) after age 50 were compared with those of 49 younger patients. All patients were followed prospectively for a mean duration of 47 months. A clinical and serological data base was established for each patient, and information collected at each visit to a lupus clinic was analyzed by computer. The clinical featured distinguishing old-age SLE were a low incidence of significant renal disease and prominent pleuropericarditis and arthritis throughout the period of followup. Serologic abnormalities were milder in older patients. Thus, hypocomplementemia, anti-DNA antibodies, and C1q precipitins occurred less frequently, and rheumatoid factor was more often present than in younger patients with SLE. Regression analysis suggested linear change in disease expression with age rather than distinct age-related subgroups. PMID- 6975631 TI - Detection and quantitation of fibronectin in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatic disease. AB - Fibronectin, a high molecular weight glycoprotein that binds to glycosaminoglycans, fibrinogen or fibrin, and collagen, was identified and quantitated in synovial fluid from patients with various rheumatic diseases. Fibronectin concentration was significantly higher in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (697 microgram/ml) than in other synovial fluids. In RA, synovial fluid fibronectin concentration exceeded that in plasma and did not directly correlate with synovial fluid concentrations of albumin, total protein, or fibrinogen. Synovial fluid fibronectin concentration correlated directly with synovial fluid white blood cell count (r = 0.50, P less than 0.005). Fibronectin was present in cryoprotein formed from four rheumatoid synovial fluids. PMID- 6975632 TI - Cytotoxicity of anti-Fab antibodies against B lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Anti-Fab antibody titers were positive in 70% of rheumatoid arthritis patients (54 of 77) and 3% (1 of 35) of healthy donors. Their specificity was examined by inhibition of the radioimmunoassay for anti-Fab antibodies, which demonstrated that they are against the Fd region of the intact immunoglobulin molecule. In addition, anti-Fab antibodies have broad specificities for IgG antigens, shown by inhibition with myeloma IgG. They are cytotoxic against B (20% of B cells from most healthy donors) but not T lymphocytes, with cytotoxicity greater at 5 degrees C than 37 degrees C. These studies show that the anti-Fab antibodies interact with allotypic or idiotypic determinants on subpopulations of B lymphocyte cell surface antigens. PMID- 6975633 TI - The current status of rheumatology in the Peoples Republic of China. PMID- 6975634 TI - Loss of susceptibility of B cells to anti-Fab antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6975630 TI - Antibodies to Sm in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Correlation of Sm antibody titers with disease activity and other laboratory parameters. AB - Thirty patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied over a 2.5 year period. The group was divided into 14 patients with antibodies to Sm and a control group that failed to exhibit antibodies to Sm over the study period. The titer of antibodies to Sm fluctuated in all 14. A rising titer of antibodies to Sm 1) predicted a flare disease in 50% an 2) correlated with an exacerbation of disease in 60%. Patients with antibodies to Sm had a comparable incidence of severe disease, renal disease, and central nervous system disease. They exhibited significantly more leukopenia and antibodies to non-Sm, non-RNP extractable nuclear antigen. In only 1 patient, a rise in titer of antibodies to Sm did not correlate with or predict a disease flare in contradistinction to other serologic markers of SLE, specifically antibodies to double-stranded DNA and cryoglobulins. Though infrequently detected, antibodies to Sm can help in the management of patients with SLE. PMID- 6975635 TI - Therapeutic plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Effect on immune complexes and antibodies to DNA. AB - The effect of plasmapheresis in 8 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was investigated. Drug treatment was maintained at a constant level for at least 4 weeks before plasmapheresis. Levels of immune complexes were measured by a Raji cell radioimmunoassay, and by a solid-phase C1q-binding assay. Antibodies to ds-DNA and ss-DNA were measured by the Farr assay. In all cases, immune complexes and antibodies were lowered by plasmapheresis. In 5 patients, plasmapheresis was followed by a rapid rebound of complexes and antibody to pretreatment levels. In 3 in whom plasmapheresis was followed by treatment with cyclophosphamide for 1 month, a sustained immunochemical and clinical improvement followed, lasting in 2 cases for up to 3 years. PMID- 6975636 TI - Plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive drug therapy in scleroderma. AB - In an uncontrolled clinical trial, plasmapheresis combined with prednisone and cyclophosphamide therapy produced clinical improvement in 14 of 15 scleroderma patients with varying degrees of skin and internal organ involvement. All improved patients showed a gradual loosening of hide-bound skin, relaxation of contractures, and healing cutaneous ulcers, when present. Severe gastrointestinal symptoms were ameliorated in 4 patients, severe polymyositis was largely reversed in 2 patients, and pulmonary and cardiac function was improved in others. After initial improvement, however, 2 patients died during the period of study and another withdrew unimproved. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) titers declined relatively more than total IgG levels with plasmapheresis in 6 of the 9 patients who had elevated titers. Increased levels of endothelial cell cytotoxic activity found in 11 of the 15 patients were significantly reduced by plasmapheresis. Elevated levels of circulating immune complexes were found in only 4 of the 15 patients. Skin biopsies from adjacent sites taken before and after plasmapheresis in 10 patients all showed less swollen dermal collagen with increased ground substance between collagen bundles in the second biopsy. Although the effects of plasmapheresis cannot be dissociated from those of the immunosuppressive drug therapy, our results suggest that plasmapheresis combined with immunosuppressive drug therapy may find a place in the management of patients with moderate to severe scleroderma. This study implicates circulating factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6975637 TI - Urinary excretion of sialic acid-containing saccharides in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Urinary sialic acid-containing trisaccharides, total sialic acid, and serum sialic acid were studied in 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 15 healthy controls. The urinary excretion of sialyllactose, measured by a gas chromatographic method, was significantly greater in patients with SLE (37.4 +/- 21.4 mg/24 hours, SD) than in the control subjects (13.7 +/- 3.8 mg/24 hours, p less than 0.001). The mean excretion of sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (16.6 +/- 8.5 mg/24 hours) and total sialic acid (82.5 +/- 29.4 mg/24 hours) was also greater in the SLE group than in the controls (8.7 +/- 2.8 and 58.0 +/- 16.0 mg/24 hours, respectively; p less than 0.01). Serum levels of sialic acid were correspondingly higher in the SLE patients (84.4 +/- 20.4 mg/100 ml) than in the controls (63.7 +/- 6.5 mg/100 ml, p less than 0.001). Urinary excretion of sialyl lactose correlated positively with clinical disease activity (p less than 0.001) and with anti-DNA antibody levels (p less than 0.05). On the average, patients with moderate or severe disease excreted three times more sialyl-lactose than did those with mild or inactive disease. Our results suggest that the excretion of sialyl-oligosaccharides reflects disease activity in SLE. PMID- 6975638 TI - [Diseases associated with the HLA histocompatibility system]. PMID- 6975639 TI - Gastrointestinal blood loss in volunteers following fenclofenac and diclofenac. PMID- 6975640 TI - Platelet von Willebrand's antigen II: active release by aggregating agents and a marker of platelet release reaction in vivo. AB - von Willebrand's antigen II (vW AgII), a plasma and platelet antigen immunologically and biochemically distinct from factor-VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag), is decreased in von Willebrand's disease. vW AgII is released from platelets during aggregation and clotting. The release of platelet vW AgII was studied in washed platelets following aggregation by thrombin, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Total platelet vW AgII was 3.39 U/10(9) platelets. Thrombin and collagen yielded release of 85% and 86% of platelet vW AgII, respectively, at the highest concentrations. Release of platelet vW AgII was correlated with the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT). Release of vW AgII by collagen and thrombin was inhibited by metabolic inhibitors. In addition, collagen release of vW AgII was inhibited by aspirin. In clinical syndromes associated with intravascular platelet destruction, marked elevations of plasma vW AgII were noted. Thus, vW AgII is released by a metabolically active process from platelets during aggregation. In addition, vW AgII appears to be a marker of intravascular platelet destruction. PMID- 6975641 TI - Modification of normal human myelopoiesis by 12-0 tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). AB - The tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), induces macrophage characteristics in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line. These same cells can be induced to develop mature myeloid characteristics with a variety of other stimuli. Since normal colony-forming units-culture (CFU C) also have the dual capability of developing colonies with myeloid or monocyte characteristics, the effect of TPA on normal human CFU-C development was studied. To carry out these studies, a method was developed to identify cells histochemically within agar cultures as containing either the myeloid marker, chloroacetate esterase (CAE), or the monocyte marker, nonspecific esterase (NSE). Cells from normal donors were placed into agar cultures with placenta conditioned medium (PCM), TPA in various concentrations, or combinations of PCM and TPA as stimulating materials, and examined after 7-14 days of incubation. TPA alone at concentrations of 5 x 10(-7) M to 10(-9) M stimulated cluster formation. With increasing concentrations of TPA, the percentage of clusters positive for NSE progressively increased, while CAE-positive clusters decreased. I contrast, when TPA at concentrations greater than 10(-9) M was added to PCM, the total number of clusters and colonies decreased. This resulted from a decrease in the number of clusters and colonies that contained the myeloid marker CAE, whereas the number positive for the monocyte marker NSE remained unchanged. These studies demonstrate two effects of TPA on normal CFU-C. In the absence of other sources of colony stimulating activity (CSA), TPA induces clusters. In the presence of PCM, it inhibits the production of myeloid colonies and clusters. Under both conditions, it favors the development of colonies and/or clusters containing predominantly monocytes. PMID- 6975642 TI - Evaluation of radioimmunoassay and in vitro colony assay techniques for determination of colony-stimulating factor and inhibitory activity in murine serum and tissue. AB - These studies have evaluated a newly developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in murine serum and other biologic fluids. The routine in vitro agar gel bioassay for CSF is influenced by high molecular weight serum lipoproteins and low molecular weight tissue-derived materials that are inhibitory to colony formation. Studies with normal serum revealed that in all cases, the levels of CSF detected by the RIA were equal to or greater than levels measured by the bioassay. Dose curves with varying quantities of serum had linear responses in the RIA but not the colony assay. Using Sephadex G-150 chromatography, the murine serum was separated into CSF active and CSF inhibitory peaks as determined by bioassay. Evaluation of these fractions by RIA indicated that the assay was unaffected by the serum inhibitors. Likewise, experiments with tissue lysates indicated that the RIA was not influenced by the low molecular weight tissue inhibitors. Instead, the radioimmunoassay revealed low levels of CSF that were not detectable by bioassay. These observations indicate that the RIA is superior to the bioassay for the estimation of CSF in murine serum and other biologic materials. PMID- 6975643 TI - Hydrophobic adsorption chromatography of colony-stimulating activities and erythroid-enhancing activity from the human monocyte-like cell line, GCT. AB - The human cell line, GCT, secretes hemopoietins into serum-free culture medium. The conditioned medium contains activities that stimulate neutrophil-monocyte, macrophage, eosinophil, and erythroid colony growth in human marrow cultures. We have used hydrophobic adsorption chromatography to separate a neutrophil-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF) from the other colony-stimulating activities. This hydrophobic CSF has no eosinophil-stimulating activity and is virtually devoid of erythroid-stimulating activity. PMID- 6975644 TI - Suppression of the late component of the carotid occlusion reflex by lesion of the medial forebrain bundle in the rat. AB - 1. The pressor response to a prolonged carotid occlusion in the rat has two components: an early, fast increase in blood pressure, and a late, slow and sustained hypertension. Since the second component can be blocked by a disconnecting lesion near the medial side of the medial forebrain bundle, the hypothesis that this complex structure is involved in the integration of the late pressor reflex was tested. 2. The medial forebrain bundle was partially or completely destroyed, or a disconnecting lesion was made to interrupt some of its medially running afferents and/or efferents. Incomplete lesion caused a transient suppression of the second component in 4 rats, whereas complete lesion in 5 rats or probable interruption of the medial efferent pathways in 3 rats led to suppression of the late component when the one-minute occlusion was performed within one hour after the lesion. 3. The data show that the medial forebrain bundle plays an important role in the integration of the late component of the pressor response to prolonged carotid occlusion. PMID- 6975645 TI - The variable gain element of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is common to the optokinetic system of the cat. AB - The gain (slow-phase eye velocity/head velocity) of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of 6 alert cats was sequentially adapted to values between 0.2 and 1.66 by the chronic wearing of visual reversing or 2 X magnifying spectacles, combined with forced rotation in the light. Gain was measured during sinusoidal oscillation in darkness at 0.05 Hz at a peak velocity of about 30 degrees/s. In each state of VOR gain adaptation, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN) were measured in a full-field optokinetic drum at velocities of 20-80 degrees/s. Steady-state, slow-phase, optokinetic eye velocity nearly equaled low drum velocities, but saturated at higher velocities and declined when drum velocity further increased. The saturation velocity varied in relation to VOR gain, ranging from 10-20 degrees/s at a VOR gain of 0.2-0.4, to 65 degrees/s at a VOR gain of 1.66. The means that the variable gain element of the VOR is shared by the optokinetic system (OKS). OKAN, measured in darkness, had a roughly exponential decay. The time constant of OKAN (Tokan) also varied with VOR gain, ranging form about 2 s at a VOR gain of 0.2, to 10 s at a VOR gain of 1.66. This is a novel finding which suggests that the velocity-storage mechanism was also affected by gain changes. A model is proposed in which a neural, variable-gain element is located in a positive-feedback, velocity-storage loop common to both the VOR and the OKS. Computer simulation showed that this hypothesis could account for most of the observed changes in OKN saturation and Tokan with changes in VOR gain. The model also predicts that low frequency VOR phase lead in darkness should increase with decreasing VOR gain. Experimental VOR phase lead at 0.05 Hz varied from about 10 degrees for VOR gains above 1.1 to about 50 degrees for VOR gains below 0.3. Such phase-lead data agree with the trend predicted by the model. PMID- 6975646 TI - Dissociation of frog olfactory epithelium with N-ethylmaleimide. AB - Treatment of frog olfactory epithelium with 8 mM N-ethylmaleimide for 2 min results in extensive dissociation of the epithelium. The resulting cell suspension contains single olfactory receptor neurons, sustentacular cells, respiratory epithelial cells, and cells of Bowman's glands. The cells in suspension exhibit the same morphologies seen in histological sections of intact epithelium. PMID- 6975647 TI - In vitro growth of lymphoma colonies from children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Growth in vitro of malignant lymphoid cells has been previously reported, but those studies involved direct establishment of cell lines from the patients' cells. In the present study, an in vitro system for both primary growth and passage of malignant lymphoblastic colony-forming cells (ML-CFC) was established, and for the first time, colony-forming cells from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients were cultured, and cell lines were established from individual colonies. Malignant lymphoid colonies grew from 9 of 16 (56%) bone marrow aspirates, which were histologically involved with lymphoma and from 5 of 29 (17%) morphologically normal bone marrow samples. ML-CFCs grew concomitantly with myeloid and monocytic CFCs and were distinguishable by their morphologic characteristics on agar, cytochemical staining characteristics, and cell surface markers. Successful passage of ML-CFCs was accomplished in five patients, and ten distinct cell lines (six null cell, three B cell, and one T cell) were established. This agar assay system provides an opportunity to study malignant lymphoma cell growth both as a primary colony and a cell line established from a primary colony. PMID- 6975650 TI - Problem - oriented recording: a significant component of a quality assurance program. PMID- 6975649 TI - Immunologic characterization and ultrastructural correlations for 125 cases of B- and T-cell leukemias: studies of chronic and acute lymphocytic, prolymphocytic, lymphosarcoma cell and hairy cell leukemia, Sezary's syndrome, and other lymphoid leukemias. AB - Peripheral blood from 125 patients (160 specimens) with various types of lymphoid leukemias was evaluated for B- and T-cell markers (E rosettes, C3 and Fc receptors, and surface immunoglobulin). B-cell leukemias (comprised 82% of the series and included chronic lymphocytic leukemia (69/71 cases), acute lymphocytic leukemia (1/18 cases), lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (15/18 cases), prolymphocytic leukemia (one case), plasma cell leukemia (one case), hairy cell leukemia (12/12 cases), and leukemic phase of "histiocytic" lymphoma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (one case each). Within the B-cell group, certain leukemias exhibited distinct patterns of lymphocyte surface markers. Three cases of lymphosarcoma cell leukemia revealed both T and B cell markers (E-rosette formation and monoclonal SIg). T-cell leukemias comprised 12% of the series and included chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2/71 cases), acute lymphocytic leukemia (11/18 cases), and Sezary's syndrome (2/2 cases). In eight cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia, the majority of the cells demonstrated no definable markers (non-B, non-T cell type). Ultrastructural studies, performed in selected cases, were correlated with immunologic findings. Distinctive morphologic features were observed for different variants of B- and T-cell leukemias. Neoplastic cells of T cell leukemias revealed a greater nuclear irregularity than B-cell proliferations, as assessed by the nuclear contour index (ratio of circumference to the square root of the nuclear area). The cytoplasmic feature most predictive of immunologic cell type was abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting plasmacytoid differentiation, observed in some B-cell proliferations. PMID- 6975648 TI - Coexistence of a primary immunodeficiency disorder and Hodgkin's disease: evidence against a B-lymphocyte origin for the Reed-Sternberg cell. AB - A 44-year-old woman with a life-long history of recurrent sinopulmonary infections developed Hodgkin's disease with characteristic Reed-Sternberg cells in a biopsy specimen of a mediastinal lymph node. Hypogammaglobulinemia was documented on several serum determinations and plasma cells were absent from biopsy specimens of the lymph node and bone marrow. Immunochemical studies failed to demonstrate any B lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulin or Fc-receptors for IgG in the peripheral blood. Pokeweed mitogen stimulation of the patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro resulted in the development of virtually no plasma cells. Peripheral blood T-lymphocyte number and function were defective initially. Following chemotherapy and radiotherapy, peripheral blood E-rossette forming cells returned to normal, but T-cell function remained defective and B lymphocytes remained undetectable. These findings are compatible with the presence of two separate immune disorders: a primary hypogammaglobulinemia and Hodgkin's disease. The absence of lymphocytes bearing surface Ig or Fc-receptors for IgG in this patient adds further support against a B-lymphocyte origin for the Reed-Sternberg cell. PMID- 6975652 TI - Lysis of fresh and cultured autologous tumor by human lymphocytes cultured in T cell growth factor. AB - Human lymphocytes derived from the peripheral blood of patients with a variety of cancers were grown in T-cell growth factor (TCGF) and tested in a 4-hr 51Cr microcytotoxicity assay against fresh and cultured autologous tumor, autologous cultured skin fibroblasts, and autologous fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lymphocytes grown in TCGF caused significant lysis of autologous cultured tumor and fibroblasts but caused little lysis of fresh autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes in all of seven patients tested. This lytic activity against autologous cultured cells was not dependent on the source of serum used in culturing the lymphoid cells or the targets. Lymphoid cells grown in TCGF also were capable of causing selective lysis of fresh autologous tumor cells that had never been in culture in five of nine patients. Lymphoid cells growing in lectin free TCGF caused selective lysis of autologous tumor in five of seven patients. These observations demonstrate that peripheral lymphoid cells grown in TCGF can be lytic for autologous cultured and autologous fresh tumor compared to the lysis of fresh autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes. The fact that these autoreactive cells, lytic for tumor, may be expanded to large numbers in TCGF suggests a possible role for these cells in studies of the control of the cytotoxic response of activated cells to tumor and possibly in the immunotherapy of tumors as well. PMID- 6975653 TI - Effects of deoxynucleosides on cultured human leukemia cell growth and deoxynucleotide pools. AB - We investigated the mechanism of cell growth inhibition caused by the deoxyribonucleosides thymidine (dThd), deoxyguanosine (dGuo), deoxyadenosine (dAdo), and deoxycytidine (dCyd). Growth of the cultured human leukemic cells HL 60 and K-562 was measured by cloning in soft agar. Of the deoxyribonucleosides, dGuo was the most potent cell growth inhibitor; however, the potency of added dAdo was probably attenuated by the presence of adenosine deaminase in the tissue culture growth medium. The concentrations of nucleoside causing 50% inhibition of HL-60 cloning were: dCyd, greater than 10,000 microM; dAdo, 500 microM; dThd, 5,000 microM; and dGuo, 80 microM. For K-562 cloning, the concentrations causing 50% inhibition of cloning were dCyd, greater 10,000 microM; dAdo, 1,600 microM; dThd, 880 microM;' and dGuo, 100 microM. Measurement of deoxycytidine 5' triphosphate (dCTP) pool size in HL-60 cells following incubation with 750 microM deoxyribonucleosides revealed that dGuo caused the greatest reduction of dCTP pools, both in early (passage 10)- and late (passage 71)-passage-derived HL-60 cell cultures (35 and 19% of control, respectively), compared to dThd (61 and 26% of control, respectively) and dAdo (39% of control of HL-60 passage 10). In K-562 cells, reductions in dCTP pool size caused by dAdo, dThd, and dGuo were 68, 46, and 35% of control, respectively. Incorporation of [3H]dCyd into DNA of HL-60 and K-562 cells was enhanced by dThd and dGuo, but the degree of enhancement was greater for dThd than for dGuo. Despite its effect in reducing HL-60 dCTP pool size, dAdo failed to enhance [3H]dCyd incorporation in either HL-60 or K-562 cells. Addition of dCyd to the cultures could only partially rescue the inhibition of HL-60 cloning caused by dThd or dGuo, suggesting that inhibition of cytidine 5'-diphosphate reduction by ribonucleotide reductase is not the only mechanism whereby these nucleosides inhibit leukemic cell cloning. These data suggest that, in addition to inhibiting de novo dCTP production via ribonucleotide reductase, these nucleosides may affect other processes in the salvage pathway such as cellular uptake and phosphorylation or the DNA polymerase reaction itself. PMID- 6975651 TI - Induction by tumor-promoting phorbol diester of colony-stimulating activity in human myeloid leukemia cells transformed to macrophage-mimicking cells. PMID- 6975656 TI - Kyoto Workshop on some specific recent advances in human tumor virology. PMID- 6975655 TI - Sensitivity of cloned high- and low-metastatic murine Lewis lung tumor cells to lysis by cytotoxic autoreactive cells. AB - Cloned malignant cell lines from primary tumor sites (two lines) and from a lung metastatic focus (one line) were established 14 and 28 days after s.c. inoculation of Lewis lung tumor cells into C57BL/6 mice. Cloning was done in semisolid agarose culture medium and individual clones expanded in liquid medium. In vivo malignancy of the three lines was assured by graft experiments to healthy C57BL/6 recipients. Morphology, cloning efficiency in agarose, and growth rate were the same for all three lines. However, the cloned line from a metastatic focus had a higher metastatic rate (number of lung metastases per 10(5) injected tumor cells) compared to the two other cell lines. T-lymphocyte-depleted mononuclear spleen cells from mice grafted with tumor cells 2 to 4 weeks previously were found to be cytotoxic to cells from all three lines, whereas unfractionated mononuclear spleen cells from the same animals had weak or no cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxicity of T-lymphocyte-depleted spleen cells was found to include other malignant and nonmalignant target cells of C57BL/6 origin, but not allogeneic cells. In mixing experiments, splenic T-lymphocytes inhibited the cytotoxic activity of non-T-lymphocytes. The high- and low-metastatic tumor cell lines were found to be equally sensitive to lysis by T-cell-depleted spleen cells, suggesting that the effector cells (cytotoxic autoreactive cells) may have a significant antineoplastic potential. PMID- 6975654 TI - Levels of 2'-deoxycoformycin, adenosine, and deoxyadenosine in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - 2'-Deoxycoformycin (dCF), a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, has recently undergone Phase I clinical trials and has been found to be therapeutically active in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In this report, levels of dCF in plasma, plasma concentrations of adenosine and deoxyadenosine, and urine levels of deoxyadenosine were measured in leukemic patients undergoing treatment with dCF during a Phase I clinical trial. dCF was administered i.v. at a dose of 0.25 to 1.0 mg/kg (7.5 to 30 mg/sq m) for 3 consecutive days. Plasma drug levels of 2 to 6 microM were observed following the third dose of dCF, and drug accumulation occurred only at the 1-mg/kg dosage. In this limited series of patients, the plasma concentrations of adenosine and deoxyadenosine and the urine concentrations of deoxyadenosine did not show an obvious correlation with dCF dose, therapeutic response, or toxicity. PMID- 6975657 TI - Simultaneous analysis of DNA and cell surface immunoglobulin in human B-cell lymphomas by flow cytometry. AB - Cell suspensions prepared from human B-cell lymphomas were analyzed for cellular DNA and cell surface immunoglobulin (SIg) by flow cytometry. In addition to SIg bearing neoplastic B-lymphocytes, these tumors contain nonneoplastic cells. Flow cytometry permitted selective analysis of DNA in subpopulations defined by the membrane antigen SIg and also permitted analysis of SIg of subpopulations defined by DNA content. Because measurements of DNA and SIg were made simultaneously on each cell, physical separation of cells was not required. Using propidium iodide as a fluorescent DNA probe and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibodies to stain SIg, differences in cellular DNA between SIg-bearing neoplastic cells and nonneoplastic cells from the same tissues could be demonstrated. Additionally, this simultaneous correlated analysis allowed assessment of the cell cycle dependence of SIg expression. Mean fluorescein isothiocyanate (Slg) fluorescence was greater in S- than G1-phase cells, but the ratio of mean fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorescence of cells in S phase to that of cells in G1 phase varied for different tumors. PMID- 6975658 TI - Cisplatin combination chemotherapy in non-oat cell carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 6975659 TI - Combinations of methotrexate (COP or CHOP) in the treatment of previously untreated and treated lymphomas. AB - A regimen consisting of two courses of methotrexate (MTX) with leucovorin rescue followed 1 week later by cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (MTX-COP) was studied in ten patients with disseminated diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who had had no prior chemotherapy. A similar regimen with the addition of doxorubicin (MTX-CHOP) was used for patients who had had previous chemotherapy: 11 with diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and two with Hodgkin's disease. The response rate to initial MTX administration was 55%, and the clinical onset of effect was usually observed within 48 hours. Responses were observed in previously treated and untreated patients. The remission rate was 100% with both regimens. There were seven complete remissions with MTX-COP and six with MTX-CHOP. The median durations of remission were 23 and 13 months, respectively; median survival was not reached in either group. MTX was well-tolerated by both groups of patients without serious toxic effects. Overall, significantly more hematologic toxicity was observed in previously treated patients; however, no life-threatening toxic effects were observed in either group. The incorporation of MTX and other antimetabolites into schedules of chemotherapy for previously treated and untreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is well tolerated and deserved further exploration. PMID- 6975660 TI - Morphology of horizontal cells in the frog retina. AB - Two types of horizontal cells, H1 and H2, were classified using the Golgi technique on flat mounts of the retina of the frog. Cell type H1 possesses rather short, thick dendrites; the diameter of its dendritic field ranges from 40-90 micrometers. H2-cell displays long and thin dendrites; the diameter of its dendritic field is 70-160 micrometers. H1-cells possess an axon running horizontally within the outer plexiform layer. The axon terminals are slight swellings emitting fine processes that end in the outer plexiform layer. H2-cells do not have a discernible axon. PMID- 6975661 TI - Active and late rosette-forming cells: immunological and cytochemical characterization. PMID- 6975662 TI - Cytotoxicity to allogeneic cells in the chicken. II. Specific cytotoxic T cells and macrophages in the spleens of agammaglobulinemic and normal alloimmune chickens. PMID- 6975664 TI - [Lateral deviation of the trunk in vertebrobasilar vascular disorders]. PMID- 6975665 TI - Spirocyclopropane compounds II. Synthesis and biological activities of spiro[cyclopropane-1,2-[2H]indo]-3'(1'H)-ones. PMID- 6975663 TI - Human autologous rosettes. II. Further characterization: markers and functions. PMID- 6975666 TI - [Emergency treatment of bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients]. PMID- 6975667 TI - Effect of concurrent calcium leucovorin infusion on 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity against murine L1210 leukemia. AB - We examined the effect of concurrent SC infusion of calcium leucovorin (LV) on the action of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) against mouse L1210 leukemia implanted either SC or IP. Mice bearing the SC tumor treated with FUra (100 mg/kg, IP, day 1) plus infusion with either LV (11.5 mg . kg-1 . day-1, days 1-4), or 0.9% NaCl (days 1 4) resulted in an identical increase in median lifespan (ILS) of 28%. Similar experiments with FUra (100 mg/kg) plus LV infusion (115 mg . kg-1 . day-1) or FUra (200 mg/kg) plus LV infusion (115 mg . kg-1 . day-1) resulted in 50% and 59% ILS, respectively, which were not different from that obtained with the same doses of FUra plus 0.9% NaCl infusion. Mice bearing the IP tumor treated with FUra (100 mg/kg, IP, day 1) plus infusion with either LV (11.5 mg . kg-1 . day-1, days 1-4) or 0.9% NaCl (days 1-4) had an identical 56% ILS. Similar experiments with FUra (100 mg/kg) plus LV infusion (115 mg . kg-1 . day-1) or FUra (200 mg/kg) plus LV infusion (115 mg . kg-1 . day-1) resulted in 67% and 94% ILS, respectively, which were not different from those obtained with the same doses of FUra plus 0.9% NaCl infusion. Treatment of normal mice with FUra (200 mg/kg, IP, day 0) plus LV infusion (115 mg . kg-1 . day-1, days 0-3) was no more toxic than FUra plus 0.9% NaCl infusion, judging by similar transient decreases in body weight and no mortality. The data indicate that concurrent infusion with the LV failed to enhance the action of FUra against the mouse L1210 leukemia. PMID- 6975668 TI - Ruptured atheromatous plaques in saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts: a mechanism of acute, thrombotic, late graft occlusion. AB - Although early occlusion of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts is usually thrombotic, late occlusion is most often a result of progressive intimal fibromuscular proliferation or atheroma formation in the implanted vain. We describe another mechanism of late graft occlusion: atheromatous plaque rupture with superimposed occlusive thrombosis. Four men, ages 48-67 years underwent repeat bypass surgery for recurrent angina. Six of eight vein grafts excised 5-8 years after original bypass showed complete luminal occlusion by recent thrombus superimposed on ruptured atheromatous plaques. Similar findings were present at autopsy in two of three vein grafts from a 66-year-old man who died 7 years after bypass. These lesions are indistinguishable from those that occur in native coronary arteries of many patients with acute myocardial infarction. Unlike previously described graft occlusions, the present lesion represents a mechanism of acute, thrombotic, late graft occlusion. If recognized early, it may be amenable to nonsurgical intervention by angioplasty or thrombolysis. PMID- 6975670 TI - Withdrawal of endogenous sympathetic drive lowers blood pressure in primary aldosteronism. AB - We were able to observe the effect of withdrawal of endogenous sympathetic drive in a hypertensive patient with an aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma. Acute stimulation of both carotid sinus nerves lowered blood pressure to normotensive or hypotensive levels by reducing peripheral resistance. When chronic carotid sinus nerve stimulation was discontinued, peripheral resistance and blood pressure increased. These data suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is important in the maintenance of hypertension in established primary aldosteronism. PMID- 6975671 TI - Cutaneous presentation of a B-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6975669 TI - Liquid-chromatographic monitoring of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in plasma. AB - The liquid-chromatographic measurement of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in biological fluids is described. The sensitivity of the spectrophotofluorometric detector used allows direct evaluation of basal concentrations of the compound in plasma. Because it is resolved from the other common folates and from methotrexate, the procedure is suitable for monitoring it in plasma of patients receiving high-dose therapy with methotrexate. PMID- 6975673 TI - Human spleen as a source of T cell growth factor. AB - Human spleen cells were tested for the ability to produce T cell growth factor (TCGF) upon stimulation with PHA. Quantitative analysis of the amounts of TCGF produced under optimal conditions indicated that supernatants obtained from spleen cell cultures were approximately five times more active than those derived from peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL). Moreover, in contrast to PBL, there was no significant difference in TCGF production between individual spleen cell populations. Among splenic T cells, TG-depleted cell fractions were superior to TG-enriched cell fractions in producing TCGF upon PHA stimulation. These supernatants induced intense proliferation of blast cell populations isolated from mixed leucocyte-tumour cell cultures (MLTC) established with PBL and irradiated allogeneic myelogenous leukaemic cells. Within 7 days of culture in TCGF, the number of MLTC blast cells increased approximately 300-fold. Concomitantly, the lytic activity (on a per-cell basis) of these populations against the corresponding myelogenous leukaemic cell targets increased approximately 80-fold. PMID- 6975672 TI - Thymic involution in pregnant mice. I. Characterization of the remaining thymocyte subpopulations. AB - Pregnancy-induced thymic atrophy was studied in mice during the course of syngeneic gestation and the post-partum period. Cortical thymocytes were greatly reduced in number as shown by the binding of fluorescein-labelled PNA. The pool of steroid-resistant (SR) medullary thymocytes appeared unchanged in pregnant mice when studied by means of a specific heteroantiserum (SRCA). Therefore, in pregnant mice, these two surface markers demonstrated that thymic atrophy was linked to steroid-sensitive (SS) cortical cell reduction. The presumed hydrocortisone resistance of the mother's remaining thymocytes is not related to a difference in the number of steroid receptors as determined by 3H-dexamethasone binding. PMID- 6975674 TI - B lymphocyte specificity of lectins of Cepaea nemoralis and Dolichos biflorus: paradoxical binding of anti-A active lectins to human lymphocyte subclasses. AB - Binding of four blood group A-specific lectins, from Helix pomatia (HP), lucorum (HL), Cepaea nemoralis (CN) and Dolichos biflorus (DB) to human lymphocytes was determined. Use was made of lectins attached to latex particles, as convenient probes to detect binding of lectins to individual cells, Specificity of lectin latex probes was demonstrated by comparison with agglutination and fluorescent lectin binding; experiments with untreated and enzyme-treated human and animal erythrocytes confirmed the specificity of the lectin-latex beads as did inhibition in the presence of N-acetyl-galactosamine, the immunodominant sugar of blood group A substance. The binding of HP to T cells and a proportion of B, and non-B, non-T cells is confirmed. Binding to B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is also confirmed. HP-latex had the same specificity as soluble HP, but binding did not require pretreatment of lymphocytes with neuraminidase. HL-latex had the same specificity for erythrocytes, normal lymphocyte subpopulations and CLL lymphocytes as HP, but the binding was weaker and required pretreatment of the lymphocytes with neuraminidase to demonstrate it. Contrary to expectation, CN and DB bound to B lymphocytes and did not bind to T lymphocytes. CN binding was almost completely restricted to B cells, whereas DB bound to part of the non-B, non-T populations as well as to a substantial proportion of B cells. Neither CN nor DB labelled malignant T cells. Both CN and DB bound to B cells in CLL. As with HP, pretreatment of lymphocytes with neuraminidase increased the accessibility of receptors, but was not essential to demonstrate labelling with CN-, and DB-latex preparations. Binding of each lectin to lymphocytes was independent of ABO blood group of donor suggesting that ABO antigens may be expressed poorly, if at all, on lymphocytes. Binding is probably due to additional specificities possessed by these lectins. Protease treatment destroyed CN- and DB-binding sites but not HP receptors suggesting that at least two types of binding site are involved. PMID- 6975675 TI - Rosette-increasing factor (RIF) generated in vivo following PHA skin test. AB - In phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) skin test-positive individuals, rosette-increasing factor (RIF), which augmented active E and EA rosette formation, appeared in the serum following the PHA skin testing. This factor was detectable 6 hr after the application of PHA and reached a peak at 14 hr. The appearance of the factor was closely related to the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. When mononuclear (MN) cells derived from individuals exhibiting delayed cutaneous reaction were further cultured without the addition of PHA, a similar property was found in the supernatants. Fractionation of the cells by E rosetting revealed this factor to be the product of T lymphocytes. Moreover, despite a lower percentage in contaminated T lymphocytes, a higher RIF activity was observed in the supernatants of the nylon-wool-retained population. The production of RIF was completely inhibited by cytochalasin B, but was not affected by colchicine. Experiments utilizing cycloheximide revealed that new protein synthesis was only necessary for early activation steps. RIF is a kind of lymphokine synthesized in the active immune process in vivo. Therefore, to assay RIF in vivo may provide a new method for investigating the cellular immune competence of the given patients. PMID- 6975676 TI - Interpretation of the Raji cell assay in sera containing anti-nuclear antibodies and immune complexes. AB - The Raji cell assay is regarded as a test for the detection and quantitation of immune complexes. It is frequently positive in sera from patients with SLE. We have demonstrated a relationship between Raji cell binding and antibodies to DNA and soluble cellular antigens. In five sera containing high titres of antibodies of known single specificity, most of the Raji cell binding occurred in the 7S IgG fraction where the majority of anti-nuclear antibody was also found. When each of these sera was incubated with its specific antigen, Raji cell binding increased. Subsequent fractionation showed that this binding was in the high molecular weight fraction (greater than 200,000 daltons) and that Raji cell binding and antibody activity were abolished in the 7S fraction. These data confirm that Raji cell bind immune complexes but also indicate that 7S anti-nuclear antibodies may interact directly with Raji cells by an unknown mechanism. Therefore, in sera of patients with anti-nuclear antibodies, binding to Raji cells does not necessarily imply the presence of immune complexes alone. PMID- 6975677 TI - Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. XVIII. T lymphocytes with receptors for IgE (T epsilon) in patients with primary immunodeficiency and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E states. AB - Four of 18 patients with common variable immunodeficiency and one of eight patients with selective IgA deficiency had increased proportions of T epsilon cells. Three patients with common variable immunodeficiency and two with selective IgA deficiency had increased numbers of T epsilon cells. Three patients with common variable immunodeficiency had decreased numbers of T epsilon cells. Five of six patients with hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E had high proportions of T epsilon cells; this increase was not related to the elevated IgE levels. PMID- 6975679 TI - Rosette formation with mouse erythrocytes defines a population of human B lymphocytes unresponsive to pokeweed mitogen. AB - Our studies indicate that rosette formation with mouse erythrocytes defines a subpopulation of human B lymphocytes positive for both sIgM, sIgD and C3 receptors but largely negative for IgG Fc receptors. These cells respond very poorly to PWM stimulation, even when reconstituted in culture with optimal numbers of autologous T cells and adherent cells. PMID- 6975678 TI - C1q binding activity in the sera of patients with chronic lung diseases. AB - Sera from patients with chronic lung diseases were tested for the presence of immune complexes (ICs) by the 125I-C1q-binding assay. Contrary to earlier reports, modification of the test system by addition of heparin decreased rather than increased the ability of the test to discriminate between control and pathological sera. Using the unmodified system, elevated C1q-binding activity (C1qBA) was found in patients with asthma (18%), chronic bronchitis (18%), sarcoidosis (18%), fibrosing alveolitis (50%), bronchogenic carcinoma (52%) and bronchiectasis (67%). Studies with the reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) suggested a role for IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and/or IgG-containing complexes in the C1q-reactive material of sera from patients with bronchiectasis and bronchogenic carcinoma. In the latter two groups, C1qBA was found to correlate with serum levels of IgG and IgA but not with C3 and C4. A weak condition between levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and C1qBA was found in the bronchogenic carcinoma group. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were elevated in all groups studied but no correlation with C1qBA was demonstrated, suggesting that CEA and CEA-ICs, if present, do not have an influence on the C1qBA of such sera. The results indicate that elevated serum C1qBA is a concomitant of both chronic inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the lung but the extent of any similarity in the non-immunoglobulin components of the immune complexes in the respective conditions remains unknown. PMID- 6975680 TI - A comparative study of lymphocytes in effusions of patients with tuberculosis or malignant disease. AB - The diagnostic value of the determination of the relative distribution of B (SmIg positive) and T (E rosetting) cells in the blood and in pleural or ascitic effusions was evaluated in 10 patients with tuberculosis and in six with malignant diseases. A higher percentage of T and a lower percentage of B lymphocytes in serous fluids than in peripheral blood was observed for both groups of patients. We conclude that this procedure is valueless in differentiating between tuberculosis and malignant diseases when effusions containing predominantly lymphocytes and devoid of metastatic cells are examined. PMID- 6975681 TI - Spontaneous and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and spleen from adult untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Subpopulations of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and spleen from adult untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied for spontaneous (SCMC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicities (ADCC). Peripheral blood from seven of 24 patients demonstrated abnormally low T cell-mediated SCMC when compared to age and sex-matched healthy controls. Only two of these patients also demonstrated low T cell ADCC and non-T cell-mediated SCMC and ADCC. T cell ADCC in the peripheral blood of patients with involved spleen was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) when compared to those in whom spleen was not involved. When SCMC and ADCC were compared between peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes with regard to involvement of spleen by Hodgkin's disease, non-T cell SCMC in the involved spleen was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than their peripheral blood non-T cell SCMC. SCMC and ADCC tended to be higher in patients with stages III and IV of Hodgkin's disease when compared to those with stages I and II. However, the differences were not statistically significant. No direct relationship was observed between T and SCMC or ADCC and the proportion of T cells with IgG Fc receptors (T gamma). The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6975685 TI - The role of Gardnerella vaginalis in nonspecific vaginitis. PMID- 6975682 TI - Immune complex-dependent T cell-mediated cytostasis (IDTC). AB - The growth of human lymphoid cell lines was suppressed by human peripheral T cells in the presence of immune complexes (IC). T cells bearing IgG receptors (TG cells) were, but T-non-G cells and non-T cells were not, active as effectors of cytostasis which was induced by IC-mediated bridging of the target and effector cells via Fc receptors. We propose that this phenomenon be called 'immune complex dependent T cell-mediated cytostasis' (IDTC) and suggest its possible role in IC mediated tissue injury, especially where T cell infiltration is observed. TG cells from healthy individuals suppressed Ig production and were cytotoxic effectors upon interaction with IC. However, the cytotoxic effectors seem to be distinct from the suppressors of Ig production since TG cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients showed dissociation between these two functions: they displayed cytostasis but had only little suppressive effect on the B cell response. PMID- 6975684 TI - Disordered immune homeostasis in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A T:B co-culture system was used to test for the presence of disordered immune homeostasis in the autoimmune disease, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Various numbers of T cells were added to a fixed number of B cells in the presence or absence of the polyclonal activator, pokeweed mitogen, and IgG production measured in the culture supernatants 6 days later. The results demonstrated a defect in T cell-dependent suppression and/or a state of B cell hyper-responsiveness in lymphocytes from patients compared to normal controls. The loss of T cell-dependent suppression could not be readily explained in terms of the therapy being used nor by the presence of circulating IgG containing immune complexes. The findings of a similar abnormality in some cases of non immune thrombocytopenia suggested that the reduction in suppression observed in chronic ITP was unlikely to be a primary event in disease pathogenesis, although it could well contribute to the ongoing autoimmune response. PMID- 6975687 TI - Repair of nonunions by electrically pulsed current stimulation. AB - Five congenital and 52 acquired nonunions of bone were stimulated using an invasive device. The unit delivered a constant but pulsed right-angled current of positive polarity measuring 20 to 25 muAmps (voltage of 750 mV) and a frequency of 20 Hz. The power pack encapsulated in epoxy resin was implanted at the time of operative fragment stabilization. THe cathode was inserted at the site of the nonunion gap. After two to 12 months, all but two of the acquired nonunions and one of the congenital pseudarthroses healed. In the unsuccessful cases, the bone ends were often totally necrotic. Four cases required reimplantation because of broken wires or expiration of the battery, and two cases failed owing to purulent infection. Electrostimulation is an adjuvant treatment to fragment stabilization in hyporeactive and hypovascular or congenital pseudarthroses. Electrical stimuli may be assumed to simulate conditions which are essential for bone healing. PMID- 6975686 TI - Silver anode treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. AB - Twenty-five patients with active, chronic osteomyelitis, resistant to conventional management, were treated with surgical debridement and daily application of electrically activated silver dressings. Sixteen (64%) cases resulted in closed, stable, pain-free wounds, with the remainder resulting in persistent drainage or amputation. Nine of 12 cases complicated by nonunion achieved union. In 13 patients an open-bone graft was performed and silver treatment continued: these tended to remain free of purulent drainage but fared no better than average in the long-term follow-up. The silver anode dressing seems to be an effective aid in the treatment of chronic bone infection when combined with adequate surgical debridement, thereby reducing the need for prolonged systemic antibiotics. PMID- 6975683 TI - Production of human anti-thyroglobulin in vitro. III. The role of immunoglobulin bearing cells. AB - We assayed the production of an IgG autoantibody, anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), in vitro by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. We subfractionated B cell populations and tested them for anti-Tg production with excess numbers of T cells in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. When lymphocytes with surface membrane IgM were depleted by treatment with anti mu and complement, the remaining mu cells, ineffective in forming IgM, were capable of producing anti-Tg, although less well than untreated cells. Separation of B cells into IgM- and IgM+ fractions after rosetting with anti-mu coated ox red blood cells produced an IgM- fraction capable of making decreased amounts of anti-Tg, while the IgM+ fraction was inactive. We found no evidence for IgG+ precursor cells for anti-Tg formation. We conclude that the long-lived memory cells responsible for anti-Tg production in vitro are not typical IgM-bearing cells. They may lack IgM or carry a form of IgM that is poorly bound by anti-mu. PMID- 6975688 TI - The orthopaedic-industrial complex, the clinical applications of bioelectrical effects and a reminder from Ben Franklin. PMID- 6975689 TI - The electrical treatment of scaphoid nonunion. AB - Seventy-one percent (12 out of 17) of the previously treated nonunions united within 12 weeks by a semi-invasive technique of electrical stimulation. The electrodes are stainless steel and Teflon-coated except for the 1 cm bare tip. The power source is a 7.5 volt battery in circuit with resistors and transistors such that a constant continuous current of 20 muamp is applied to each electrode. Three or four cathodes are implanted percutaneously, using local or regional anesthesia with radiographic control, usually an image intensifier. A long-arm cast is used for three weeks and then reduced to a short-arm cast which is used for nine additional weeks. The indication for this technique is failure of previous bone grafting. The contraindications are wrist arthritis and an avascular proximal pole. Patient acceptance of this electrode technique was high and morbidity was less than in those patients treated by iliac bone grafting. The treatment of nonunion of the scaphoid by this semi-invasive electrical stimulation technique is a reasonable alternative to bone grafting and provides a salvage procedure when bone grafting or other therapeutic modalities have failed. PMID- 6975691 TI - Electrical stimulation in the treatment of ununited fractures. AB - Sixteen patients with nonunion were treated with direct-current stimulation by placement of percutaneous electrodes. The median age of nonunion was two years. All patients had previous surgical intervention to induce healing, and the fractures had been immobilized for long periods before electrical stimulation was considered. Eleven of ther 16 fractures united and the patients returned to full activity, free of external support. Complications included one late deep infection and one recurrence of osteomyelitis; with treatment, both patients healed both nonunions and infection. There were no refractures. The semi-invasive technique is simple, relatively painless, and the electrical apparatus is portable. Contraindications to its use are excessive motion at the fracture site or active infection. PMID- 6975690 TI - Selection, evaluation and indications for electrical stimulation of ununited fractures. AB - Management of nonunions requires careful and critical assessment of the true biologic status of the fracture. The mere radiographic persistence of a fracture line does not invariably indicate nonunion. Ten percent of fractures considered initially to be ununited in this series healed spontaneously without further treatment. The patient who has no pain with weight-bearing and no demonstrable motion on careful stress studies does not usually require further treatment, except for protection against reinjury. Intraosseous venography may be useful to distinguish the delayed from the nonunion in order to institute appropriate and early treatment. Percutaneous direct-current electrostimulation is proving to be a reliable and effective method of managing the most common nonunion of the tibia or distal femur. It appears less satisfactory for the more proximal femoral fractures and for fractures of the humerus. Electrical stimulation does not eliminate the need to stabilize the nonunion of either the femur or the upper limb. Electrical stimulation also does not eliminate the need for bone grafting in approximately 15% to 20% of nonunions. The fractures' biologic inability to respond may be identifiable by 99MTc diphosphonate bone scan. The implantable direct-current electrical stimulatory device proved ineffective in this series. Hopefully, further development of this technology may produce more consistent results in the future. The electromagnetic noninvasive stimulator appears to be a useful alternative method to the semi-invasive system. This, of course, should depend on the individual needs of the patient and the nature and location of the fracture. Continued technologic improvement in all electrical stimulatory methods should broaden their usefulness and applicability. However, the healing status of the fracture and the processes by which each fracture responds must be carefully assessed to appreciate what is being effected by electrical stimulation. Critical evaluation and clarification of indications are essential if the patient is to be offered the most effective therapy available. PMID- 6975693 TI - Surgical and electrical methods in the treatment of congenital and posttraumatic pseudarthrosis of the tibia. AB - This is a report of two adult patients with posttraumatic and seven children with congenital pseudarthroses treated by surgical and electrical methods. Interest was focused primarily on congenital pseudarthroses because of the unquestionable severity of these cases and consequently a very high benefit/risk ratio. Three procedures were used: external (Hoffmann) fixation combined with monophasic or biphasic pulsed current stimulation; internal (transtarsal) fixation combined with pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation; and surgical treatment only, as above, without electrostimulation. Healing was achieved in both treated cases of posttraumatic pseudarthrosis and in nine of 14 instances in cases of congenital pseudarthrosis stimulated electrically, as well as in two instances with no electrostimulation. In seven instances, the bone remained healed for nine months or more, the longest period being almost 5.5 years. Both pulsed current and electromagnetic field stimulation seem to enhance the process of bone healing. However, comparison between the different stimulation methods cannot be made on the basis of the limited material presented here, and the need for more basic studies still exists. Concerning the surgical treatment, it seems that transtarsal fixation is a better choice for congenital pseudarthrosis than fixation with an AO-plate, Rush pin or Hoffmann apparatus. PMID- 6975694 TI - Corneal abrasion during alcohol sponging. PMID- 6975692 TI - Nonunion treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields. AB - Noninvasive, pulsed electromagnetic field treatment, when properly employed, was effective in securing healing of ununited fractures in 64.4% of 149 patients. The effectiveness of this modality can be ascertained after three months of intensive use in more than 85% of patients, thus enabling the clinician to decide to terminate treatment, continue electrostimulation, or abandon it in favor of another treatment modality. The success of treatment is dependent upon certain variables. Anatomic location of the nonunion is important. Higher healing rates were noted in the tibia than in the femur or humerus. In some conditions, combined electrostimulation and bone grafting was more effective than either measure alone. Young patients healed more rapidly than older patients. Electrostimulation is more effective when instituted within two years of the original fracture than when started at longer intervals after the injury. Infection, either quiescent or actively draining, does not seem to affect the overall results. Of greatest importance is patient adherence to the treatment protocol as outlined, with emphasis placed on adequate immobilization of the fracture and absolute nonweight-bearing during treatment. Considering these factors and in light of the very rare frequency of short-term side effects, the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields appears to be a reasonable choice of treatment in the management of ununited fractures. PMID- 6975695 TI - Arteriovenous malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Congenital arteriovenous malformations of bowel occurring as solitary or multiple lesions may cause obscure gastrointestinal bleeding with negative radiological and endoscopic studies. These malformations may be missed at laparotomy and selective visceral angiography is essential for localisation and to assess is extent of the lesions. An immediate post-resection radiograph with barium injection into the arteries is recommended to assess the completeness of the resection before abdominal closure. There is a need, when discussing vascular malformations of the bowel, to distinguish the acquired degenerative colonic lesions from the congenital arteriovenous malformations which are more common in the small bowel. PMID- 6975696 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding from large angiomas. PMID- 6975697 TI - [Rheumatic pain]. PMID- 6975698 TI - [Comparison of systemic and local therapy in rheumatic myalagia and arthralgia]. PMID- 6975700 TI - Professional sharing. 1. Bedside report: a critical issue. PMID- 6975701 TI - S antigen-induced experimental autoimmune uveo-retinitis in rats. AB - Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis was induced in rats after one injection of purified retinal S antigen mixed with adjuvants. Lewis and PVG/c rat strains were highly sensitive. S antigens isolated from bovine, human, swine and guinea pig retinas had a high pathogenicity in Lewis rats, whereas allogenic S antigen did not induce the disease. Mycobacterial adjuvant was effect in both disease and antibody production but H. pertussis adjuvant strongly increased the severity of the ocular reaction, giving a hyperacute Arthus-type inflammation, even with low doses of antigen. No disease was found after immunization without bacteria (incomplete Freund's adjuvant or alum). With any bacterial adjuvant, the histological pattern was in agreement with the hypothesis of early reagin mediated phenomena acting on the blood-retinal barrier, as suggested by previous experiments. PMID- 6975699 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery. Sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, assisted by the Office of Medical Applications of Research, NIH. PMID- 6975702 TI - Chronic exuberant verrucae and depressed cellular immunity. PMID- 6975703 TI - Aortic dissection following coronary arterial bypass graft surgery. AB - A 60-year-old man underwent coronary arterial bypass graft surgery for unstable angina. After surgery, he developed a widened mediastinum on the chest x-ray film and a murmur consistent with aortic regurgitation. He refused study until the return of his anginal symptoms five years after surgery. At that time the patient had unchanged chest x-ray film and physical findings. Aortograms revealed a large type-1 aortic dissection extending from the aortic root to the descending thoracic aorta. Long-term survival with an aortic dissection after coronary arterial bypass grafting is possible. The pathophysiologic and pathologic findings of a spontaneous type-1 aortic dissection may differ from that of the dissection described herein, and these differences may relate to survival. PMID- 6975704 TI - Kartagener's syndrome. Preliminary report on cilia structure, function, and upper airway symptoms. AB - Our study was designed to examine the motility and ultrastructure of cilia from the nose of patients with Kartagener's syndrome. Microphoto-oscillographic recording from single cells showed that the patients had in fact motile cilia, although the number was reduced. Asynchrony within the single cell was a more consistent feature. The first results of blind, quantitative microscopy showed the ultrastructural defects, described earlier, but the overlapping with a normal control group was considerable. Only one of nine patients had no dynein arms and completely immotile cilia; an observation which renders the term "the immotile cilia syndrome" a misnomer. The ear-nose-throat symptoms were characterized by daily nose-blowings since birth, recurrent sinusitis, and chronic secretory otitis media. On the other hand, the frequency of acute purulent otitis media and of common colds appeared to be normal. PMID- 6975706 TI - [The distal splenorenal shunt]. AB - Distal splenorenal shunt was performed in 17 patients with bleeding esophageal varices and/or hypersplenism. As an elective operation the results were very good, whereas the shunt should not be used as an emergency operation. During an observation period of 6-30 months none of the 13 surviving patients developed a recurrent hemorrhage or portosystemic encephalopathy. An existing hypersplenism was improved in all cases. In our opinion the distal splenorenal shunt is the optimal elective surgical management for bleeding esophageal varices, since it offers effective control of recurrent hemorrhage without the risk of encephalopathy. PMID- 6975705 TI - The dyskinetic cilia syndrome; abnormal ciliary motility in association with abnormal ciliary ultrastructure. PMID- 6975707 TI - [Studies of T and B lymphocytes in gynecological malignancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975709 TI - [The estimation of immunological function in hepatitis B and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975708 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhage from the lower gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975711 TI - A case of incomplete achromatopsia of the deutan type. AB - A 45 year old man was studied who was previously diagnosed as a typical achromat. Increment spectral sensitivity measurements on white and several colored backgrounds showed that he possessed a rod system, a cone system sensitive in the short wavelength region (blue cones) and a cone system sensitive in the long wavelength region (red cones). This investigation shows that rather extensive testing is required to classify incomplete achromats. PMID- 6975710 TI - Two forms of autosomal dominant primary retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Two types of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are identified on the basis of perimetric measures of rod sensitivity relative to cone sensitivity. Type 1 dominant RP patients are characterized by an early diffuse loss of rod sensitivity with a later loss of cone sensitivity and by childhood onset of night blindness. Type 2 dominant RP patients are characterized by a regionalized and combined loss of rod and cone sensitivity with adulthood onset of nightblindness. Comparisons of losses in the photopic and scotopic electroretinogram amplitudes corroborate the psychophysical results. Clinical findings are similar for the two dominant RP subtypes, however, there are differences in natural history. PMID- 6975712 TI - [Photoreceptor membrane structural changes in the visual cell under the damaging action of visible light (a low-angle x-ray study)]. PMID- 6975713 TI - The relative contributions of B and T lymphocytes in the human peripheral blood mutagen test system as determined by cell survival, mitogenic stimulation, and induction of chromosome aberrations by radiation. AB - Ficoll-Hypaque-separated subpopulations of human peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 Gy of gamma rays. Three parameters were examined: Survival, as measured by trypan blue dye exclusion in unstimulated cultures five days after irradiation; mitotic index, measured in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cultures 48 and 72 hours after irradiation; and chromosome aberration frequency, measured 48 or 60 hours after irradiation. Survival curves of T, B, and null cells are biphasic; the Do values for the radiosensitive populations of all three cell types are close to 0.6 Gy but are different for the radioresistant populations: 2.7 Gy for B cells, 4.77 Gy for T cells, and 6.03 Gy for null cells. B cells, as well as T cells, are stimulated to divide by PHA, and B cells comprise at least 10% of the mitotic figures seen in unirradiated cultures at 48 hours. The proportion of B lymphocytes in mitosis at any particular time after PHA stimulation decreases with increasing radiation dose, which reflects a higher mitotic radiosensitivity of B than of T cells. No significant difference, however, in chromosome aberration frequency was found between T and B cells. PMID- 6975714 TI - Seasonal changes in the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase. AB - This paper reports a seasonal variation in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the serum, with low values occurring in summer and high in winter. These variations were found both in indoor and outdoor workers and in a group of elderly women in a long-stay ward. The seasonal change in ALP was in the opposite direction to the seasonal change in the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. No such change was seen in the serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase. It is suggested that the seasonal change in plasma ALP could be due to changes in the bone isoenzyme. Serum levels of calcium remained unchanged; the change in ALP may reflect a homeostatic mechanism controlling plasma calcium, which compensates for seasonal variations in vitamin D supply. PMID- 6975715 TI - Bacteriophage fd gene-2 protein. Processing of phage fd viral strands replicated by phage T7 enzymes. AB - Bacteriophage T7 gene 4 protein and DNA polymerase of the phage were used to study the viral strand synthesis of bacteriophage fd in vitro. Cleavage of supercoiled phage fd replicative form (RF) by fd gene 2 protein produced a nick at a specific site in the viral strand. The cleaved double-stranded DNA was unwound by T7 gene 4 protein and T7 DNA polymerase and the 3' end of the nicked strand simultaneously extended according to the rolling circle mechanism. After a complete round of DNA synthesis fd gene 2 protein cleaved the viral strand presumably at the same site, where the endonuclease cuts fd RF I, and subsequently sealed the single-stranded linear DNA into a circle. The reaction products were analyzed by velocity sedimentation, gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. Most of the single-stranded DNA synthesized was circular. No host proteins were required for the formation of the single-stranded circles. Strand switching of the T7 DNA polymerase indicated by double-stranded tails of the rolling circle structures reduced the yield of viral single-stranded circles in this enzyme system. PMID- 6975716 TI - Decline, in aging mice, of the anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) cytotoxic T cell response attributable to loss of Lyt-2-, interleukin 2-producing helper cell function. AB - The in vitro generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified syngeneic spleen cells is found to be almost invariably depressed in apparently healthy 18-month-old mice of the long-lived (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 hybrid strain. Studies of CTL production from Lyt-2+ thymus cells have suggested that pre-killer cells may require, for maturation into effectors, the presence of a soluble helper factor, interleukin 2 (IL2), produced by Lyt-2- cells which are themselves devoid of pre-CTL activity. We have therefore developed a petri-dish adherence technique for separating spleen cells into Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2- populations in order to test for helper and pre-killer activity independently. Pre-CTL function is measured by stimulating Lyt-2+ cells in the presence of exogenous IL2. Helper cell activity is tested by adding Lyt-2- cells to "indicator" populations of Lyt-2+ pre-CTL. Estimation of IL2 levels in medium conditioned by unfractionated, TNP-self-stimulated splenocytes provides a second measurement of helper cell function. Mice 18 months of age, when compared to 4 month-old controls, are found to retain nearly all of their pre-CTL activity, but to have lost sufficient helper cell activity to account for the decline in unseparated spleen cell cultures. Older mice also produce lower IL2 levels. PMID- 6975717 TI - Consequences of adenosine deaminase deficiency on thymocyte metabolism. AB - Using 2'-deoxycoformycin inhibition of adenosine deaminase as a model of adenosine deaminase deficiency, the effects of 10 microM 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) on the metabolism of concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated rat thymocytes were studied. When dAdo and Con A were added simultaneously, a strong inhibition of the incorporation of [3H]thymidine (84%); [3H]uridine (98%) and L-[3H] leucine (46%) in the acid-insoluble fraction, and of [14C]formate (78%) and H14CO-3 (43%) uptake is observed after 48 h of incubation. When dAdo is added after 12 h of Con A stimulation, no such inhibition is observed, but when added after 24 h of stimulation, there is an enhancement of blastogenesis as measured by nucleic acid, protein, and purine and pyrimidine base synthesis. More detailed studies of thymocytes stimulated by Con A for 0-72 h, followed by short-term incubation periods with dAdo (1-5 h), revealed that thymocyte metabolism becomes progressively less sensitive to dAdo-mediated inhibition during the course of blastogenesis. These results suggest that (a) the inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase is not the only mechanism involved in the inhibition of blastogenesis by dAdo and that (b) such inhibition of thymocyte metabolism is essentially dependent upon the activation state of the cell. PMID- 6975718 TI - Immunoglobulin isotype expression. II. Frequency analysis in mitogen-reactive B cells. AB - The frequency of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-reactive B cells developing into clones that secrete the various immunoglobulin (Ig) classes has been determined in vitro, in cells from BALB/c mice, under culture conditions which detect all growth-inducible cells. Secretion of the different Ig classes was assessed in the protein A plaque assay for Ig-secreting, plaque-forming cells by using developing antisera specific for either IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 or IgA. In all lymphoid organs tested (spleen, bone marrow, mesenteric lymph nodes and thoracic duct), a considerable proportion of all B cells (5-20%) was induced by LPS to yield a clone of IgM-secreting cells. Frequency determinations of LPS-reactive cells giving rise to descendants secreting other Ig isotypes revealed that, on an average, and irrespective of the origin of the cells, 7% of all IgM-secreting clones switched to the synthesis of IgG1, 39% to IgG2, 41% to IgG3 and 1% to IgA. Roughly the same frequencies of B cells switching CH gene expression were found among spleen cells of athymic nude mice. No correlation was found between the clonal frequencies of CH gene expression in polyclonally activated B cells and the in vivo "background" Ig-secreting cells suggesting that the CH gene expression in B cells is influenced by the quality of stimulation and other regulating influences. PMID- 6975719 TI - Modulation of concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte stimulation by human low-density lipoproteins. AB - Spleen lymphocytes and T cells were stimulated by concanavalin A in the presence of various concentrations of human low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The proliferative responses were measured by [14C]thymidine incorporation. Low LDL doses (5-50 microgram/ml) significantly enhanced the stimulation of splenic lymphocytes and T cells. Further, LDL had the capacity to partially relieve the suppression produced by supraoptimal doses of concanavalin A. PMID- 6975720 TI - Abnormal movement of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the Immotile Cilia Syndrome. Cinemicrographic analysis. PMID- 6975722 TI - Response of three classes of human erythroid progenitors to the absence of erythropoietin in vitro as a measure of progenitor maturity. AB - The effect of erythropoietin (Ep) deprivation (epoprival state) on plasma clot cultures of human bone marrow and peripheral blood erythroid progenitors was examined. In normal individuals, there was a marked reduction of CFUE derived colony expression if Ep was withheld from the culture for even one day. Peripheral blood BFUE retained substantial function during the epoprival state for up to 2 to 5 days while bone marrow-derived BFUE had intermediate sensitivity. Thus the capacity of erythroid progenitors to withstand incubation in semi-solid media in the absence of Ep is a characteristic of immature, rather than mature, erythroid progenitors. PMID- 6975721 TI - Thymocyte involvement in spleen colony formation by subpopulations of hematopoietic stem cells. AB - Murine marrow preparations depleted of stem cells by prior incubation with rabbit, anti-mouse serum show augmented spleen colony-forming ability when exposed to fresh thymocytes. A 2- to 4-fold increase in colonies was observed when marrow-thymocyte interaction occurred under either in vivo or in vitro conditions. Colony augmentation was shown to be independent of both the strain used and the age of the thymocyte donor. In our hands, approximately one-half of the marrow stem cells surviving an exposure to the antiserum appear responsive to thymocyte interaction. PMID- 6975723 TI - Residual tectal projection from the contralateral central retina of the frog after homolateral optic nerve and main optic tract section. A possible input from the axial optic tract. AB - After homolateral (right) optic nerve and main optic tract section a residual visual activity originating from the contralateral (left) central retina was recorded in the right optic tectum. Units were classified in three groups according to their receptive field properties: (1) slow-adapting units analogous to class 3 retinal ganglion cells; (2) fast-adapting postsynaptic units; (3) visual neurons. All of these units have in common a receptive field located near the projection of the left eye optic axis. Evidence that these units belong to the same visual pathway (i.e., the axial optic tract) is discussed. PMID- 6975725 TI - Identification of autoantigen-expressing cells in rat testis. PMID- 6975726 TI - [Comparative pharmacological study of a series of new antidepressants]. PMID- 6975724 TI - A human calcitonin-like molecule in the ultimobranchial body of the amphibia (Rana pipiens). PMID- 6975728 TI - Ontogeny of transplantation immunity in the common frog, Rana temporaria L. AB - Viability of allografts exchanged between the field-collected individuals of the common frog, R. temporaria, was long in tadpoles grafted during and immediately after closing of operculum; median survival time (MST) was 26 and 18 days, respectively. This probably reflected the immaturity of the host immune system and temporary tolerance to weak transplantation antigens. Allograft viability was the shortest in tadpoles grafted at foot-paddle stage (MST, 11 days). It was independent from the origin and size of the grafts. Such rate of rejection might reflect a maximal immunological potential of the host and the absence of any suppressor factors in response to highly polymorphic frog transplantation antigens. A gradual prolongation of allograft viability was observed in animals grafted at final stages of metamorphosis, in froglets, and in sexually mature adults (MST: 13, 17, and 28 days, respectively). In particular age groups viability of allografts from sibling donors was longer and from nonsibling ones shorter than MST values cited above. Immunological memory of transplantation antigens did not disappear during the host metamorphosis, as MST (10 days) of second-set allografts in metamorphosing hosts sensitized during larval life was considerably shorter than the viability of the sensitizing grafts in the same age group. The ontogeny of the response to alloantigens reflecting the immunological potential and the appearance of self-tolerance can be realized in different ways, depending on a particular amphibian species. PMID- 6975727 TI - Research on heterocyclic compounds. XI. Heteroarylcarboxylic acids: preparation and antiinflammatory activity. PMID- 6975731 TI - [Distal splenorenal shunt (Warren type) in the treatment of digestive hemorrhage caused by rupture of esophageal varices]. PMID- 6975732 TI - [Rare complication of the Sengstaken-Blakemore balloon catheter : compression of the right bronchial stem]. PMID- 6975729 TI - [Different cytotoxic reactivity of anti-HLA A or B sera against sub-population of human lymphocytes prepared with different methods]. PMID- 6975730 TI - Immunological studies on the antitumor effect of sporamycin. AB - The role of immunological effects in the antitumor activity of sporamycin activity of sporamycin was studied mainly using the mouse syngeneic tumor, Meth A. Sporamycin inhibited the growth of the Meth-A tumor and Balb/c mice, and 12 out of 19 mice were cured. The 12 survivors did not show any growth of reinoculated Meth-A cells. Enzymes-histochemical observations revealed marked activities of both acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase in lymphoid cells and macrophages which heavily infiltrated the tumor tissue. Pretreatment of mice with sporamycin produced a remarkable inhibition of tumor growth. A marked neutralization activity against tumor cells was observed by Winn's method using spleen cell of tumor-bearing mice which had been pre- or post treated with sporamycin. However, this neutralization activity was depressed by anti-Thy 1.2 serum plus complement. The response of spleen cells to concanavalin A was increased by treatment with sporamycin in mice. All of these findings suggest that sporamycin may, at least partially, act by modulating the cellular immune response. PMID- 6975733 TI - Intestinal T-cell function. PMID- 6975734 TI - Prediction of variceal hemorrhage by esophageal endoscopy. AB - To assess the risk of variceal bleeding, endoscopic findings in 172 patients with esophageal varices were classified based on the "General Rules for Recording Endoscopic Findings on Esophageal Varices" prepared by the Japanese Research Society for Portal Hypertension. Among the factor which enabled an accurate prediction of bleeding were the red wale marking and cherry-red spot of the red color sign category and blue varices of the fundamental color category with large varices. Other factors in the "General Rules" such as the form and location were of minor significance in prediction of the bleeding. Each of these factors can be quantified and an assessment can be made of the likelihood of bleeding. By calculating the total score of these factors, the risk of bleeding in individual patients was accurately estimated. PMID- 6975735 TI - Colonoscopy in acute rectal bleeding. PMID- 6975737 TI - Vision for the blind colectomy. PMID- 6975736 TI - Duodenal varices: endoscopic diagnosis of an unusual source of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6975738 TI - Comparison of voltage-tension relationship between peak and terminal tonic tensions induced by longer depolarization in the bullfrog myocardium. PMID- 6975740 TI - [Immunity in patients with malignant ovarian neoplasms]. PMID- 6975739 TI - Increased serum salicylate metabolites with age in patients receiving chronic acetylsalicylic acid therapy. AB - A high pressure liquid chromatographic method was used to measure the serum concentrations of salicylic, salicyluric and gentisic acids in patients receiving chronic acetylsalicylic acid therapy. There was good correlation between this method and the established colorimetric assay for salicylic acid. The concentration of gentisic and salicyluric acids were increased in patients older than 60 years. No correlation was found with sex, concomitant ingestion of other drugs, serum creatinine or serum albumin. PMID- 6975741 TI - [Massive colonic hemorrhage]. PMID- 6975742 TI - [Differences in thymus-dependency among various T cell functions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975743 TI - [Use of levamisole, an immune controlling agent in various clinical conditions mainly liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975745 TI - Morphometric study of the esophageal mucosa in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding. AB - A morphometric study of the distal esophageal mucosa (within 5 cm above the gastroesophageal junction) has been carried out in a group of 11 cirrhotic patients undergoing esophageal transection with SPTU gun for variceal bleeding. The relative thickness of the papillae (62.2 +/- 3.9%) and basal zone (11.8 +/- 1.9%) were within normal limits. Polymorphonuclear infiltrates were not found either in the lamina propria or in the epithelium. The absence of histopathologic changes in the esophageal mucosa from patients with liver cirrhosis and bleeding esophageal varices confirms the hypothesis that gastroesophageal reflux does not play a pathogenic role in the development of variceal bleeding. PMID- 6975744 TI - Hepatic vitamin D 25-hydroxylase: inhibition by bile duct ligation or bile salts. AB - Bone disease and low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are prevalent in cholestatic syndromes such as primary biliary cirrhosis and biliary atresia. Defective hydroxylation, along with malabsorption of vitamin D, could be a factor in 25-hydroxyvitamin D depletion. To assess hepatic hydroxylation during experimental cholestasis, we studied vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity in liver homogenates of rats after 7, 14, and 21 days of bile duct ligation. We have also studied the effects of bile acids on this enzyme in vitro. Hepatic 25 hydroxylation was depressed after 7 days ligation in only 1 of 4 animals, but by 14 days, all animals showed a marked reduction with a mean decrease of 64% in specific activity. Total liver enzyme activity was reduced by 43% at 14 days. In the ligated animals, liver histology showed progressive bile stasis, focal necrosis, bile ductular proliferation, periductular and periportal inflammation, and fibrosis. Addition of bile acids to the in vitro assay in concentrations approximating those found in cholestasis produced marked inhibition of vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity. PMID- 6975746 TI - Lymphocyte surface proteins recognized by an anti-thymocyte-globulin. AB - Rat lymphocyte surface proteins were labelled by lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination and immunoprecipitated by an anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). ATG Reactive proteins from cortical and medullary thymocytes, peripheral T cells and B cells were examined by gel electrophoresis. Several surface molecules were identified which showed differences in their distribution in the four cell populations. A 105 000-Da component was found in relatively high density on thymocytes and peripheral T cells only. Two high-molecular mass components of 205 000 Da and 190 000 Da were observed which were highly specific for peripheral T cells. These molecules appeared to share antigenic determinants with two other proteins found on the surface of both peripheral T cells and thymocytes. Limited proteolysis with Staphylococcus aureus protease showed these four proteins to have a similar peptide composition indicating the existence of a family of related surface molecules with varying expression on different cells. One of these T cell-specific proteins (P 190) was present at a comparatively high density, making up about 4% of the membrane protein. The main protein recognised by ATG was a component with a molecular mass of 175 000 Da found on all lymphocytes which made up about 7% of membrane protein. The other ATG-reactive proteins were all minor components of the cell surface, constituting less than 1% of membrane protein. PMID- 6975747 TI - T gamma cells: a missing link between malignant histiocytosis and T cell leukemia lymphoma? PMID- 6975748 TI - Multiple juvenile polyposis. A study of the pathogenesis of juvenile polyps and their relationship to colonic adenomas. AB - Solitary juvenile polyps are common lesions whose pathogenesis is poorly understood. Multiple juvenile polyposis is characterized by large numbers of these lesions either confined to the colon or throughout the gastrointestinal tract. A study of two cases of multiple juvenile polyposis provided fresh insight into the pathogenesis of juvenile polyps and their relationship to colonic adenomas. Mucosal ulceration in very early lesions, together with glandular epithelial calcification, suggested that impaired cell renewal resulting from disturbed regenerative kinetics may predispose to surface epithelial erosion, setting in motion a cycle of ulceration, inflammation, and granulation tissue formation. We postulate that a dyskinetic continuum may link juvenile, "metaplastic," and adenomatous polyps. The finding in our second case of multiple adenomatous lesions, including a villoglandular polyp, emphasizes the neoplastic potential of juvenile polyposis. PMID- 6975749 TI - Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: histopathologic findings in the lymph nodes and spleens of 15 patients. AB - Seventeen lymph nodes and 13 spleens from 15 patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome were examined histologically. The material included both biopsy and autopsy specimens. Consistent findings included depletion of small lymphocytes from T cell areas (all cases), prominence of the reticulum cell stroma (all cases), the presence of atypical plasma cells with and without plasmacytosis (16 lymph nodes and 11 spleens), and extramedullary hematopoiesis (13 lymph nodes and 9 spleens). Less frequent features noted were tissue eosinophilia, hemophagocytosis, focal fibrosis, and progressive depletion of germinal centers. One case with a unique abundance of transformed lymphocytes is described. PMID- 6975750 TI - Management of unstable angina. PMID- 6975751 TI - T and B lymphocytes in carcinoma of palate. PMID- 6975752 TI - Cultured human T-cell lines kill autologous solid tumours. AB - Lymphocytes from peripheral blood, lymph node, spleen and tumour of 7 patients with various carcinomas (2 lung, 3 colon, 1 gastric and 1 parotid tumour) were cultured for 15 days in conditioned media containing T-cell growth factor (TCGF; Interleukin 2) after which their cytotoxic activity against autologous tumour (and in some instances, autologous normal) cells and allogeneic tumour targets was evaluated in a short-term 51Cr-release assay. Significant cytotoxicity against autologous tumour targets was detected in at least one effector preparation from all of the patients, under conditions where, in some cases, other autologous cells (normal lung, PHA-transformed lymphocytes) were resistant. This cytotoxicity also generally extended to allogeneic tumour targets, but lysis of K562, a cell line sensitive to natural killing, occurred in only 3 of 19 effector cell preparations. The data are consistent with a polyclonal expansion of cytotoxic T-cells of tumour-bearing patients which includes the amplification of a population recognitive of antigens expressed on autologous neoplastic cells. PMID- 6975753 TI - A functional role for Fc mu receptors on human lymphocytes. AB - The essential findings in this paper are that ox erythrocytes (ORBC) sensitized with human heterophile IgM antibody failed to detect Fc mu receptors on human lymphocytes. These results contrast to those obtained when the ORBC were sensitized with mouse hybridoma IgM antibody (SCC I). It is therefore suggested that the functional role of Fc mu receptors on human lymphocytes is not to bind IgM/antigen complexes. PMID- 6975754 TI - Effects of prophages HPlcl & a defective prophage carried by Haemophilus influenza Rd on transfection by phage S2 DNA. PMID- 6975756 TI - Relationship between size of Trichomonas vaginalis and pathogenicity. PMID- 6975755 TI - Anticholinesterase activity of metoclopramide. PMID- 6975757 TI - Regulation of the IgE antibody response. PMID- 6975758 TI - In vitro production of anti-mite IgE antibody and its suppression by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6975759 TI - IgE production and suppression in mice. Carl Prausnitz Memorial Lecture. PMID- 6975760 TI - A single-dose protocol for azaserine initiation of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the rat. AB - Previously, the induction of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the rat using azaserine has involved a multiple-dose treatment protocol. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of multiple azaserine treatments on pancreatic DNA synthesis and to develop a protocol for a single-dose initiation of pancreatic carcinogenesis by azaserine in the rat. Pancreatic DNA synthesis in young rats, which was determined by measuring the amount of [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA, was found to be elevated at 4.3 weeks of age and to decrease to a baseline level by 6.3 weeks. Treatment of 4-week-old rats with azaserine resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]-thymidine incorporation into both pancreatic and liver DNA. Maximum inhibition was seen at 10 mg/kg body weight. This inhibition was followed by a gradual return of incorporation to normal values over a 48 h period. One week following pretreatment with four weekly injections of azaserine at 30 mg/kg, [3H]-thymidine incorporation into pancreatic and liver DNA was significantly elevated, suggesting that multiple injection protocols caused enhanced DNA synthesis which could have a co carcinogenic and/or promotional effect. Single-doses of azaserine (10, 30 and 60 mg/kg) given at 7 weeks of age caused the appearance of more atypical acinar cell nodules (AACN) than when given at 5 weeks of age. The most effective dose was 30 mg/kg. Using alkaline elution, we determined that this response was due to the occurrence of more DNA damage in the 7-week-old animals. Thus, these results demonstrate a rationale for the use of single-dose initiation protocols in the pancreas. An effective single-dose protocol for induction of AACN in azaserine treated rats fed semi-synthetic diet is presented. PMID- 6975761 TI - Regulation of gene expression by tumor promoters. III. Complementation of the developmental program in myeloid leukemic cells by regulating mRNA production and mRNA translation. AB - Regulation of gene expression has been analysed in different clones of mouse myeloid leukemic cells treated with the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), the macrophage- and granulocyte-inducing protein MGI, and combined treatment with TPA and MGI. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to measure changes in the rate of synthesis of specific proteins and in the amount of corresponding translatable mRNAs assayed in the reticulocyte cell-free translation system. TPA induced different subsets of differentiation-associated protein changes in the different clones and the degree of response to TPA was not necessarily related to the degree of response to MGI. It is shown that TPA can induce protein changes either by inducing the synthesis of new mRNA, by increasing or decreasing the amount of pre-existing mRNA, or by modulating the translation of a constant amount of mRNA. Combined treatment with TPA and MGI resulted in an enhancement of protein changes induced by MGI or TPA alone and induced differentiation-associated protein changes not induced by either compound separately in differentiation-defective clones. This complementation of gene expression appeared to be due to each compound inducing functions not induced by the other, so that the combined treatment resulted in new gene expression. Complementation also occurred at the level both of mRNA production and of mRNA translation. It is suggested that the ability of TPA to regulate gene expression at the level of mRNA production and mRNA translation and to complement changes in gene expression induced by other compounds such as MGI are important functions for its role as a tumor promoter. PMID- 6975762 TI - Single and multiple dose kinetics of co-tetroxazine and co-trimoxazole in patients. AB - In patients with chronic obstructive airway disease, the elimination half-lives of tetroxoprim (TXP) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) were found to be 8.6-9.0 h and 7.9 8.5 h, respectively, after administration of a single dose. The corresponding values for trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) were found to be 13.7 and 15.7 h, respectively. In the case of therapeutic multiple dosing, TMP and SMZ accumulate in patients' serum (tau = 12 h). Over a 10-day period of investigation, the serum levels measured were used to calculate half-life values of 12.9 h for TMP and 10.7 h for SMZ. Under the conditions of steady state, half lives of 5.0 and 5.6 h were calculated for TXP and SDZ, respectively, which in the case of TXP might be explained kinetically. Due to the parallel change in the elimination-rate constants, no accumulation of TXP and SDZ in patients' serum (tau = 12 h) can occur. PMID- 6975763 TI - The effect of electric acupuncture treatment on urinary MHPG-sulphate excretion in unmedicated schizophrenics. AB - The daily urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulphate (MHPG SO4) was determined before and during the course of electric acupuncture treatment (EAT) in eight unmedicated schizophrenic patients. The mean excretion of MHPG-SO4 before treatment was 1439 +/- 74 micrograms/24 hr. EAT was administered once daily and continued for two weeks. The urinary MHPG-SO4 excretion steadily increased during the course of EAT. The mean values obtained during the first and second weeks of treatment were 1712 +/- 108 micrograms/24 hr and 1920 +/- 81 micrograms/24 hr respectively, each being significantly higher than the mean value obtained before EAT. PMID- 6975764 TI - Photopic and scotopic flicker sensitivity of a rod monochromat. AB - The sensitivity to sine-wave flicker of a rod monochromat was compared with that of a normal subject at photopic and scotopic levels of luminance. The sensitivity of the rod monochromat in the low-frequency region (below 3 Hz at scotopic levels and below 12 to 14 Hz at photopic levels) was found to be superior to that of the control. This superiority was most pronounced at photopic levels, where the rod monochromat frequently showed a two-peak sensitivity curve. PMID- 6975765 TI - Pharmacologic and biochemical modulation of human T-lymphocyte colony formation: hormonal influences. AB - The generation of T-cell colonies from human peripheral blood lymphocytes is a sensitive in vitro measure of cell-mediated immunity, considered to be under different and/or additional regulatory controls than short-term liquid cultures. The influences of steroids (aldosterone, estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, progesterone, testosterone), prostaglandins (PGA1, PGA2, PGB1, PGB2, PGE1, PGE2, PGF1 alpha), bradykinin, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP), epinephrine, glucagon, histamine, insulin, luteinizing hormone, luteotropic hormone, serotonin, and thyroxin on the generation of both T-cell colonies in semisolid phase and induction of transformation in liquid culture was assessed in parallel assays. Steroids uniformly suppressed both types of culture systems, although colony formation appeared more sensitive by several hours of magnitude. In contrast, significant differences in the response of lymphocytes in colony formation assay, compared to liquid transformation, was noted for the other agents. Prostaglandins significantly inhibited colony formation even in the presence of as little as 10( 12) M PGE2; however, liquid culture responses were suppressed only by higher concentrations (10(-5) M) and enhanced transformation was found at lower concentrations (10(-9) M). Bradykinin, glucagon, and luteinizing hormone did not significantly influence either colony formation or liquid transformation. In contrast, cyclic AMP inhibited and cyclic GMP stimulated colony formation and liquid transformation. Histamine, insulin, epinephrine, and serotonin all had significant positive or negative influences on colony formation in concentrations that produced no detectable effects using conventional liquid transformation assays. Finally, correlation analysis of drug effects for each system extends the thesis that these assays quantitate different parameters of T-cell function. T lymphocyte colony formation is a promising diagnostic tool for rapid screening of immune modulating agents. PMID- 6975766 TI - Synthetic C3a analogs as specific inhibitors of C3a activity. AB - Various C3a-related C-terminal synthetic oligopeptides were investigated for their ability to induce a release of serotonin from guinea pig platelets. The results confirm earlier findings that expression of biological C3a activity requires the four to five C-terminal amino acids of the C3a primary structure and underlines the essential role of the C-terminal arginine. Besides their ability to induce a specific release reaction, these peptides--after short incubation with the platelets--lead to a specific desensitization of the cells for C3a or C3a-related stimuli. Expression of this inhibitory activity required concentrations of the peptides more than 100-fold lower than those that were necessary to induce secretion. The possibility of using C3a analogs as specific inhibitors for C3a offers a valuable tool for in vivo studies of biological C3a activity. PMID- 6975768 TI - Endothelial cell presentation of antigen to human T cells. AB - Activation of human T cells requires presentation of antigen by Ia (HLA-DR in man) bearing cells of the mononuclear phagocytic series (macrophages, MO, and more recently Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Since T cells must cross endothelial barriers to enter extravascular tissues during immune reactions, we investigated the role of endothelial cells in antigen presentation. Endothelial cells were cultured from human umbilical veins and identified by classic morphology and specific markers (factor VIII related antigen, and so on). Antigen-pulsed endothelial cells were used to present antigen to MO-depleted human T cells; activation was assessed by 3H-thymidine uptake. The HLA-DR compatible endothelial cells were as effective as MO in reconstituting MO-depleted T-cell responses. The endothelial cell reconstituted responses were antigen specific, HLA-DR restricted, and blocked by monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DR framework structures. Moreover, the T-cell responses were clonal with respect to HLA-DR. A monoclonal antibody completely eliminated MO reconstitution of the MO-depleted response without diminution of endothelial cell reconstitution of the same response. Fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells cultured from the same umbilical veins could not reconstitute the MO-depleted T-cell response. These data indicate that endothelial cells play an important and distinctive role in lymphocyte triggering. PMID- 6975767 TI - Chromatin changes in apoptosis. AB - Murine lymphoid cell lines and rat thymocytes treated in vitro with glucocorticoid hormones provide a convenient system for studying the nuclear changes in apoptosis. Morphologically the nucleolus disintegrates and chromatin undergoes an unusual generalized condensation. This is associated with excision of most of the nuclear DNA to short but well-organized chains of nucleosomes, apparently by an endogenous non-lysosomal nuclease. The process is dependent upon macromolecular synthesis and probably is mediated, at least remotely, by the classical steroid-receptor-gene activation pathway. A similar process of chromatin condensation and excision can be produced by the calcium-magnesium ionophore A23187. In other circumstances of 'programmed cell death', analogous chromatin condensation, excision and requirements for macromolecular synthesis have been documented. PMID- 6975769 TI - A human leukocyte antigen identified by a monoclonal antibody. AB - Leukocyte antigens of approximate molecular weight 200,000 daltons have been described in mouse, rat, and man. We describe here the reactivities of a monoclonal antibody, GAP 8.3, which identified such an antigen on human leukocytes. We found the leukocyte antigen H-T200 on T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets, but not on erythrocytes or nonhematopoetically derived cells. Resting and activated T cells had more antigen on their surfaces than did resting B lymphocytes and EBV-transformed B cells, respectively. The leukocyte antigen was detected on approximately 75% of bone marrow cells; cells of the erythroid series comprised the negative population. The GAP 8.3 antibody and its F(ab')2 fragments had no effect on in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood cells by mitogens or allogeneic cells. Antigen isolated from T cell lines had a higher electrophoretic mobility than did antigen from B cell lines; antigen from the myeloid line U937 comigrated with that from B cell lines. In addition, we detected very small but reproducible differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the antigen on two T cell lines. PMID- 6975770 TI - A set of bacterial strains for evaluation of beta-lactamase-stability of beta lactam antibiotics. AB - A set of bacterial strains composed of nine bacterial groups, with each made up of three or four strains, was used to estimate the stability of beta-lactam antibiotics to nine types of beta-lactamases from Gram-negative bacteria. The strains in the same group produced the same kind of enzyme constitutively, but the enzyme activity achieved in the bacterial cell differed with different strains. The difference in antibacterial activity of each antibiotic on the strains of each group, easily measured by a simple plate technique, permits an estimation of its relative stability to each beta-lactamase. This method was applied to thirteen beta-lactam antibiotics including seven new ones. PMID- 6975771 TI - Interaction of beta-lactamase of Streptomyces cacaoi. I. Clavulanic acid and PS 5. AB - Inactivation of a beta-lactamase of Streptomyces cacaoi by clavulanic acid and PS 5 was investigated and compared with that of a beta-lactamase of Bacillus cereus. Inhibition of the enzymes induced by clavulanic acid and the beta-lactam antibiotic PS-5 was found to be progressive with time. However, the degree of inhibition of the beta-lactamase from S. cacaoi increased more progressively with time than that of the enzyme from B. cereus. Conformative response constants were determined. As compared with clavulanic acid, over ten times higher concentrations of PS-5 were necessary to give a similar degree of inhibition. At lower concentrations, both clavulanic acid and PS-5 behaved as competitive inhibitors. Ki values calculated from the integrated form of the LINEWEAVER-BURK type were 1.1 X 10(-7) M and 7.6 X 10(-6) M for clavulanic acid and PS-5, respectively. PMID- 6975772 TI - Spectro-temporal characteristics of single units in the auditory midbrain of the lightly anaesthetised grass frog (Rana temporaria L) investigated with noise stimuli. AB - About 30% of the auditory units in the midbrain of the lightly anaesthetised grass frog respond in a sustained way to stationary pseudorandom noise. This response is described by the spectro-temporal receptive field (STRF), the regions in the spectro-temporal domain where the average second-order functional of those parts of the stimulus ensemble that precede the action potentials differ from the average second-order functional of the stimulus ensemble. By means of the STRF frequency selectivity, postactivation suppression and lateral suppression can quantitatively be studied under one and the same experimental condition. Auditory units that respond to stationary noise are localised in those parts of the torus where fibres enter from the olivary nucleus. They are characterised by relatively short latencies to tones and probably represent the first information-processing stage in the torus semicircularis. PMID- 6975773 TI - Peripheral basis of sound localization in anurans. Acoustic properties of the frog's ear. AB - Directional responses of single auditory fibers in the eighth nerve of northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) were studied in order to gain some insights into the acoustical properties of the frog's ear. In addition to the actual directional response of a fiber, a theoretical directional-response curve to the intensity rate function of the unit. The difference in the two responses provided a measure of the directional characteristics of the frog's ear at the stimulating frequency which can be plotted in a polar diagram to show the directivity pattern of the frog's acoustic receiver. Directivity patterns were obtained from three groups of experimental animals under the following conditions: (I) mouth filled with moistened cotton; (II) contralateral ear coated with silicone rubber cement; (III) open mouth. Changes in the directivity patterns were observed with experimental manipulations and these were compared to those obtained from normal animals (Feng, A.S. (1980) J. Acoust. Soc. AM. 68, 1107-1114). The results suggest that the frog's ear behaves as a combination pressure-pressure gradient receiver. PMID- 6975774 TI - Transformation of Haemophilus influenzae by plasmid RSF0885 containing a cloned segment of chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - A plasmid containing a single cloned insertion of Haemophilus influenzae chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid that carried a novobiocin resistance marker was 2.6 times larger than the parent plasmid, RSF0885, which conferred ampicillin resistance. The most frequent type of transformation by this plasmid (designated pNov1) was the transfer of novobiocin resistance to the chromosome, with the loss of the plasmid from the recipient. In accord with this observation, after radioactively labeled pNov1 entered a competent cell, it lost acid-insoluble counts, as well as biological activity. The level of ampicillin transformation, which involved establishment of the plasmid, was almost two orders of magnitude lower than the level of novobiocin transformation. Both types of transformation were depressed profoundly in rec-1 and rec-2 mutants. Ampicillin transformants of wild-type cells always contained plasmids that were the same size as pNov1, although most of these transformants were not novobiocin resistant. Plasmid pNov1 in wild-type cells but not in rec-1 or rec-2 cells often recombined with the chromosome, causing a homologous region of the chromosome to be substituted for part of the plasmid, as shown by restriction and genetic analyses. Our data suggested that plasmid-chromosome recombination took place only around the time when the plasmid entered a cell, rather than after it became established. PMID- 6975776 TI - A colony-stimulating factor produced by mouse L . P3 cells in the presence of tunicamycin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose. AB - L . P3 cells grown in serum-free synthetic medium produced a colony-stimulating factor (CSF: a sialoglycoprotein stimulating proliferation of granulocyte macrophage progenitor cells). Addition of tunicamycin (2 microgram/ml) or 2-deoxy D-glucose (10 mM) to the culture neither decreased the yield of CSF relative to the cell number grown nor induced heterogeneity of the produced CSF. However, CSF produced in the presence of tunicamycin (CSF-tm) was about 23 percent smaller in its molecular weight than normally produced CSF (CSF-normal). Similarly, the addition of 2-deoxy-D-glucose resulted in the formation of a CSF (CSF-dGlc) which was about 16 percent smaller than CSF-normal. However, both CSF-tm and CSF-dGlc seemed to have retained sialic acid residues, because they were focused respectively at pH 4.2 and pH 3.7 upon isoelectric focusing, and both were converted to a pH 5.2 species by treatment with neuraminidase. In addition, CSF tm was significantly less heat-stable than CSF-normal, whereas CSF-dGlc was only slightly less stable. These results suggest that complete glycosylation of the factor is not necessary for its production nor for its stimulatory action on the proliferation of myeloid stem cells, but is necessary for its maximal stabilization. PMID- 6975775 TI - Transformation of Haemophilus influenzae by plasmid RSF0885. AB - Plasmid RSF0885, which conferred ampicillin resistance, transformed competent Haemophilus influenzae cells with low efficiency (maximum, less than 0.01%). As judged by competition experiments and uptake of radioactivity, plasmid RSF0885 deoxyribonucleic acid was taken up into competent H. influenzae cells several orders of magnitude less efficiently than H. influenzae chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. Plasmid RSF0885 transformed cells with even lower efficiency than could be accounted for by the low uptake. Transformation was not affected by rec-1 and rec-2 mutations in the recipient, and strains cured of the plasmid did not show increased transformation. Plasmid molecules cut once with a restriction enzyme that made blunt ends did not transform. Transformation was favored by the closed circular form of the plasmid. PMID- 6975777 TI - Effects of warfarin on bone. Studies on the vitamin K-dependent protein of rat bone. PMID- 6975778 TI - Origin of the vitamin K-dependent bone protein found in plasma and its clearance by kidney and bone. PMID- 6975779 TI - Purification and properties of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase from pig liver. AB - Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase from pig liver has been purified to homogeneity, as judged by several criteria: (i) a single band with a subunit molecular weight of 77,300 following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate; (ii) a molecular weight determined by amino acid analysis of 74,500 per flavin, in agreement with the subunit molecular weight; and (iii) constant specific activities in the peak fractions during the final chromatography step. The purified enzyme exhibits a typical flavoprotein absorption spectrum. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is a minor constituent of pig liver, and to obtain homogeneous enzyme, a 32,000-fold purification must be accomplished. The preparation described herein attains such purification in 5 steps and with a 14% yield. The enzyme isolated in this fashion is active and stable, and contains a stoichiometric complement of FAD. The enzyme is reducible under anaerobic conditions by 5-deazaflavin/EDTA/light or by NADPH. Reduction of 1 mol of enzyme-bound FAD requires 1.1 mol of NADPH. The reduced enzyme can be reoxidized by (6-R)-methylenetetrahydrofolate, again with nearly 1:1 stoichiometry. Steady state kinetic measurements of the NADPH methylenetetrahydrofolate oxidoreductase activity give parallel line double reciprocal plots. The turnover number per mol of enzyme-bound flavin is 1600/min under Vmax conditions. The spectrum of the enzyme-bound flavin is significantly perturbed by the binding of S-adenosylmethionine, a metabolite known to be an allosteric modulator of the enzyme. PMID- 6975780 TI - Cell volumes of normal and malignant mononuclear cells. AB - The cell volumes of mononuclear cells, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and monocytes from the peripheral blood of 20 normal individuals were compared to neoplastic lymphoid cells from 14 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), 20 individuals with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), and 18 cases of non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Normal T cells were obtained by rosetting mononuclear cells with sheep erythrocytes followed by centrifugation on a gradient composed of Ficoll and diatrizoate salts. Monocyte populations were prepared by adhering mononuclear cells to plastic dishes and B cells were obtained by the depletion of T lymphocytes and monocytes from a mononuclear cell population. Cell volumes were determined on a Coulter Counter Model H4 Channelyzer. In normals, the average mean cell volume (MCV) of T lymphocytes was smaller than B lymphocytes and the average MCV of B lymphocytes was smaller than the average MCV of monocytes (p less than 0.05). The average MCV of lymphocytes from patients with CLL was smaller than the average MCV of normal B cells (p less than 0.01). The average MCV of lymphoblasts from cases of ALL was larger than the average MCV of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (p less than 0.01). In addition, the size of lymphoblasts showed great variation within and among cases of ALL. The MCV of lymphocytes from most cases of NHL was larger than the MCV of lymphocytes from reactive lymph nodes and from the peripheral blood of normal individuals. An association was observed between the MCV of neoplastic cells and the classification according to Rappaport. We believe that the measurement of lymphoid cell volumes may be helpful in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 6975781 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a light microscopical and ultrastructural study. AB - A case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developing a patient with treated diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma is described. The electron microscopic features and life cycle of the organism are illustrated. The patient died twenty-four hours after the biopsy had been taken. Septrin appeared to have affected the trophozoite stage. Pneumocystis carinii appears to induce interstitial pulmonary oedema and fibrosis. A discussion of the role of electron microscopy in early diagnosis of the disease is presented. PMID- 6975782 TI - Rohon-Beard cells in frog development: a study of temporal and spatial changes in a transient cell population. AB - The spatial distribution and temporal disappearance of Rohon-Beard cells in the spinal cords of larval and newly metamorphosed Rana pipiens were studied histologically to provide a basis for further research dealing with this particular cell type. It was found that a maximum number of approximately 250 Rohon-Beard neurons have differentiated within the spinal cord of Rana pipiens by larval stage I. The majority of these cells are located in the cephalic end of the spinal cord, with a large number found near the boundary of the anterior quarter and the second quarter of the spinal cord. Fewer cells are found in the third and fourth quarters. There is a gradual degeneration of these cells during larval life so that by stage XXV, which is the completion of the metamorphic climax, there are no normally appearing Rohon-Beard cells present. Degeneration of the Rohon-Beard cells does not progress cephalocaudally with development, but rather there appears to be a nearly equal proportional loss of Rohon-Beard cells in each quarter of the spinal cord at each of the stages studied. All Rohon-Beard cells present during larval development of Rana pipiens are located in a dorsal position close to the midline. At all ages and in each quarter of the spinal cord there are no significant bilateral differences in number of these cells. PMID- 6975783 TI - Multiple classes of photoreceptors and neurons in the frontal organ of Rana pipiens. AB - An attempt has been made to characterize the photoreceptors and neurons of the frontal organ of Rana pipiens and the synaptic contacts of these cells, in order to provide morphological correlates for previous physiological findings. Neurons, glial cells, and photoreceptors with two different appearances can be seen in normal anatomical preparations. The photoreceptors make ribbon synaptic contacts onto both neurons and other photoreceptors. Retrograde transport of either cobalt or horseradish peroxidase through the frontal nerve results in labeling of neurons which are often located near the exit point of the frontal nerve from the frontal organ. Some of the dendritic processes of these neurons ramify among the neurons themselves, while others ramify among the photoreceptors. In addition, the frontal organ contains two photoreceptor types which synaptically contact both neurons and other photoreceptors. In some frontal organs labeled with cobalt (but never in peroxidase-labeled preparations) certain photoreceptors were also labeled. The labeled photoreceptors were probably the result of transcellular cobalt movement from labeled neurons, and not the result of some photoreceptors having axons in the frontal nerve. These results are discussed in conjunction with physiological evidence that chromatic interactions occur within single photoreceptors, each of which contains a single visual pigment with two physiologically active states. PMID- 6975784 TI - Self-stimulation of the habenular complex in the rat. AB - The rewarding effect of habenular stimulation was studied in 65 rats. The animals learned to bar press for electrical stimulation of the medial or lateral habenular nucleus or the fasciculus retroflexus, but not the surrounding thalamic nuclei. The response rates were moderate and steady and not influenced by food or water deprivation. Habenular self-stimulation was significantly facilitated by placing lesions in the ipsilateral anterior part of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Similarly, MFB self-stimulation was enhanced by ipsilateral habenular lesions. Lesions centered in the region of median raphe nucleus suppressed habenular self-stimulation for more than 4 wk. Self-stimulation of median raphe was not affected by habenular lesions. The results show that habenular stimulation can produce a rewarding effect by exciting neurons in the region of the raphe nuclei but apparently without requiring the participation of the well known MFB reward system. PMID- 6975785 TI - [Gelatinous drop-like dystrophy of the cornea (primary amylosis) (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of gelatinous drop-like dystrophy of the cornea in young North-African (Algeria, Tunisia) subjects are reported. Clinical examination revealed characteristic subepithelial gelatinous drops in the cornea. Histology showed the amyloid nature of the subepithelial deposits, their fibrillary from being demonstrated on ultrastructural examination. Lamellar keratoplasty did not prevent recurrences. A pathogenic hypothesis is suggested involving a role of epithelial induction in the fibroblast development. PMID- 6975786 TI - [4 spine-less neuron types in the neostriatum of the rat]. AB - The caudate-putamen-complex of adult rat was investigated by means of the rapid Golgi impregnation technique. Untreated rats and rats with unilateral lesions of the MFB were analysed. Four aspiny neuron types and types extremely sparse in spines, resp., could be demonstrated: Aspiny giant neurons, aspiny spindle-shaped neurons, aspiny spidery neurons and neuroglioform neurons. The spine-less neuron types of the caudate putamen which can be differentiated according to morphological criteria are tempted to be classified in a functional manner. Especially based on the axon morphology, the giant neurons are considered to be projective neurons; the other cell types are, in all probability, neostriatal interneurons. The type 2 neurons (spindle-shaped neurons) which are regarded to be absolutely autonomous cell types do represent the vast majority of the population of the aspiny neurons of the caudate-putamen-complex. Comparing the findings laid down here with those of AChE-histochemistry after DFP treatment may permit conclusions with respect to the functional role of aspiny neurons within the neostriatum of the rat. PMID- 6975787 TI - HLA-DR typing: a comparison between nylon wool adherence and T cell rosetting in the isolation of B cells. AB - A comparison was made between two different methods of B cell isolation, nylon wool adherence versus SRBC rosetting in terms of the technical ease of B cell purification and the reproducibility of DR phenotyping. It was found that B cells isolated by either method from 30 randomly selected donors gave equivalent results in the determination of DR phenotypes. Due to its simplicity and reliability, nylon wool adherence may be preferred over the SRBC rosette method for the routine phenotyping of B cells. PMID- 6975789 TI - A simple and rapid latex fixation test for measuring immunoglobulins produced in cell cultures. AB - A rapid and simple latex fixation test (LFT), which quantifies immunoglobulin (Ig) released into culture supernatants is described. Latex particles are coated with rabbit anti-human IgG, IgA or IgM antibodies. With this LFT technique the concentration of Ig is determined within a few minutes. The LFT is as sensitive and quantitative as double-antibody radioimmunoassay and is capable of detecting 35, 68 and 225 ng/ml of IgG, IgA and IgM, respectively. PMID- 6975790 TI - Quantitation of human complement fragment C4ai in physiological fluids by competitive inhibition radioimmune assay. AB - A method is described to quantitate complement fragment C4ai in human plasma, synovial fluid, and urine. Samples are first precipitated with 50% saturated (NH4)2SO4 to remove cross-reactive macromolecules C4 and pro-C4. Whereas greater than 97% of C4 is removed by this precipitation step, 88% of C4ai remains in solution. Second, the concentration of C4ai in supernatant fractions is determined by double antibody competitive inhibition radioimmunoassay. C4a was recently completely sequenced (Moon et al., 1981) and is readily available as a pure standard. Examination of the specificity of this method confirmed it was indeed specific for C4a antigenicity. Immunochemically depleted C4-deficient plasma and inulin-activated reconstituted C4-deficient plasma exhibited less than 0.1% of the immunoreactivity of untreated plasma. In addition, good agreement was observed in analyses of aggregated IgG activated serum between the experimentally determined concentration of C4ai and that expected from the initial concentration of C4. As a result, recovery and measurement of C4ai in physiological fluids with this method appear both quantitative and specific. Based on results from 17 adult volunteers, the average concentration of C4ai in normal plasma is 488 ng/ml. Interestingly, significant correlation could not be demonstrated between the levels of C4 and C4ai in normal plasma. The mean concentration of C4ai in human urine is 0.5 ng/ml. PMID- 6975791 TI - Comparison of outer-membrane protein subtypes and biotypes of isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 6975788 TI - Evaluation of different methods for detecting circulating immune complexes. Studies in patients with lung cancer. AB - In a collaborative study involving 7 laboratories, sera from 53 patients with lung cancer, 37 primary and 16 secondary tumours, and sera of 40 healthy blood donors were tested by 19 different assays or assay modifications used for detecting immune complexes. In 12 out of 19 assays, significantly higher immune complex levels were found in the cancer patients than in the healthy subjects. Assays based on interactions between immune complexes and Fc receptors of different cells (lymphocytes, macrophages of platelets) discriminated between cancer patients and health subjects and a high percentage (47-87%) of positivity was observed in such assays in patients with lung cancer. In contrast, none of the tests based on immune complex-complement interactions discriminated between cancer patients and health subjects. Immunochemical analyses of the PEG precipitates obtained from the sera tested revealed that the concentrations of IgG, IgA and C3 were significantly higher in the precipitates obtained from patients sera than from control sera, but no significant differences were seen in IgM and C1q concentrations. A 100% correct classification of individuals tested was obtained on discriminant analysis of results with 3 assays: EA rosette inhibition, ADCC inhibition and C3 concentration in PEG precipitates. Correlation between results obtained with individual sera by the different assays was very poor: significant correlation coefficients were found in only 13% of all possible paired comparisons. Our results suggest that Fc receptor-dependent assays are more suitable for detection and measurement of circulating immune complexes in lung cancer than tests based on interactions with complement. PMID- 6975792 TI - Measurement of Pneumocystis carinii antigen by enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 6975793 TI - [Adverse effects of some frequently used medicine in oral area]. PMID- 6975794 TI - [Bleeding index on experimental gingivitis in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975795 TI - The spatio-temporal framework of melanogenic induction in pigmented retinal cells of Xenopus laevis. AB - Using methods involving transplantation of neuroectoderm and eye rudiments between ap/ap mutants and +/+ embryos of Xenopus laevis, new aspects of melanogenic induction have been ascertained. The possibility of separate induction of a melanocyte cell type and of the product of terminal differentiation in it-melanosomes, has been demonstrated. Melanogenic induction starts at the late gastrula stage. It has an irreversible character which has been shown using the technique of double transplantation. Melanogenic factor (MgF) is produced only by the region of endomesoderm which is adjacent to eye rudiments in the course of normal development. Competence for melanogenic induction lasts till stage NF 30. Melanogenic induction appears to be species specific; at least after transplantation of eye vesicles from ap/ap Xenopus laevis to Rana temporaria the melanoprotein synthesis cannot be switched on. L Tyrosine, under the conditions of the experiments, is not a factor in the induction of melanogenesis. PMID- 6975796 TI - Induction of supernumerary tracheal buds and the stimulation of DNA synthesis in the embryonic chick lung and trachea by epidermal growth factor. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been found to stimulate DNA synthesis in both the trachea and bronchial tree of 5-day-old chick embryo lung rudiments in organ culture. After 20 h culture in the presence of 10 ng/ml EGF, the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA is stimulated two- to three-fold following a 2 h labelling period, as revealed by scintillation counting. Autoradiographic data indicate that this stimulation is most marked in the epithelial tissue component of both the trachea and bronchial tree. Supernumerary "lung" buds have been induced in the normally unbranched tracheal epithelium by agarose pellets containing EGF, such buds having been previously induced only by grafting a variety of mesenchymal tissues alongside the tracheal epithelium. Since EGF has been shown to be a potent stimulator of tracheal DNA synthetic activity it is suggested that the induction of supernumerary buds by the EGF-agarose pellets is achieved through a localized stimulation of cell proliferation in the tracheal epithelium. These data would further suggest that the induction of supernumerary tracheal buds by various mesenchymal tissues is similarly due to a localized increase in mitotic activity resulting from the action of some mitotic stimulator substance(s) emanating from the inducing mesenchymal tissue. This conclusion may be extended to include normal bud formation which occurs during branching morphogenesis in several developing organ systems. PMID- 6975797 TI - Experiments on Anuran limb buds and their significance for principles of vertebrate limb development. AB - A standard set of six experiments performed on the limb buds of two species of Anurans - Rana temporaria and Xenopus laevis - are described. The experiments are limb-bud amputation, distal to proximal shifts, proximal to distal shifts, inversion of the dorsoventral axis inversion of the anteroposterior axis and inversion of both axes. The results are compared to those previously reported for Urodeles and chicks to determine whether any principles of vertebrate limb development can be formulated. It appears that the proximodistal axis becomes increasingly mosaic from the Urodeles through Anurans to chicks. In the transverse axes however, there is much more uniformity of behaviour in the production of supernumerary limbs. The relation between the type of limb development (regulative or mosaic) and the subsequent regenerative powers of the adult limb is discussed. PMID- 6975798 TI - Calcium and spreading behaviour of amphibian blastula and gastrula cells. AB - Cell locomotion involves several structural-functional activities: membrane extensibility, microfilament regulation and adhesive interactions. There is evidence for Ca2+ requirement in all of these. Our data may clarify the role of Ca2+ in locomotion and adhesion. Morphologic and spreading responses of isolated blastula--late gastrula Rana pipiens germ layer cells to varying molar concentrations of Ca2+; 0-Ca2+, Standard Ca2+ (Barth's X solution), 1.5 x and 2.0 x Std Ca2+ were viewed by S.E.M. after 1 h in culture. Ionic strength and pH were constant. All cells showed quantitative relationships between Ca2+ concentration and surface extensibility, projection formation and presumably adhesion, but with tissue- and stage-specific variations. Cells in Ca2+-free medium fail to adhere (50%), flatten or form surface projections. Cells in media with increasing Ca2+ generally formed more numerous and extensive surface projections, spread and adhered to a greater extent. In some cases there were no quantitative differences in response between 1.5x and 2.0x standard Ca2+. Cells in suspension for 1 h in standard solution remained spherical, forming no projections. We infer from these results that both Ca2+ and contact with a physical substratum, cell--cell of cell -glass are required for mobilization of the various systems involved in locomotion and adhesion. In addition, components of these systems are quantitatively activated by increased availability of Ca2+. PMID- 6975800 TI - Protein binding assays for 25-hydroxy, 24,25-dihydroxy and 1,25-dihydroxy metabolites of vitamin D1) in human plasma. AB - In this study we describe protein binding assays for 25-hydroxy, 24,25-dihydroxy and 1,25-dihydroxy metabolites of vitamin D in 6 ml of plasma. The procedure involves methanol/methylene chloride extraction of plasma followed by separation and purification of mono- and dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites on two LH 20 columns with different elution solvents. The separation of dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites is carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 25 Hydroxy and 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D are measured by competitive protein binding assays with diluted homogenate from vitamin D-deficient rat kidneys. 1,25 Dihydroxy vitamin D is measured by competitive protein binding assay with diluted cytosol from vitamin D-deficient chick intestine. The concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in human plasma, as determined by this assay, was 12.2 +/- 5.9 microgram/l; of 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 1.5 +/- 1.0 microgram/l, and of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D 25.8 +/- 11.7 ng/l (means +/- S.D., n = 17, October, Dusseldorf). In April, the concentration of the vitamin D metabolites of the same subjects were: 25-hydroxy vitamin D 3.3 +/- 0.9 microgram/l; 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 0.17 +/- 0.04 microgram/l and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 38.3 +/- 10.2 ng/l. Mean values in nonselected human plasma samples of hospitalized patients (n = 84) taken during one year were: 25-hydroxy vitamin D 5.7 +/- 2.9 microgram/l; 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 0.64 +/- 0.44 microgram/l; 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 53.3 +/- 27.6 ng/l. Mean values in pancreatectomized subjects were: 25-hydroxy vitamin D 4.2 +/- 2.6 microgram/l; 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 0.27 +/- 0.15 microgram/l; 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D 19.6 +/- 11.9 ng/l (n = 10). PMID- 6975799 TI - [Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in a Munich population group: relations to age and sex (author's transl)]. AB - Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined in 814 subjects and the relation to age, sex and body weight evaluated. In 568 persons the body mass index (BMI) and the relative body weight according to Broca were calculated. Normal values for each age group were established. Serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and the body mass index showed an age dependent rise in the male and the female population. The body mass index showed a positive correlation with the serum triglycerides, but did not correlate with the serum cholesterol levels. The correlation between body mass index and serum triglycerides was not age dependent. Thus, our data stress the relation between overweight and hypertriglyceridaemia. PMID- 6975801 TI - Symptoms of depression among blacks and whites in an urban community. AB - Prevalence of reported depressive symptoms among blacks and whites is examined using data from a survey (N = 3119) conducted in Alameda County, California, in 1974. Based on crude rates, depressive symptoms were more prevalent among blacks than whites. However, adjusting statistically for the effects of age, sex, education, income, marital status, and employment essentially eliminated the black/white differential. These data corroborate the results reported by Comstock and Helsing (Psychol. Med., 6: 551-563, 1976) as well as the results of several other investigations carried out in various U.S. communities. PMID- 6975802 TI - A case of high-pressure intracerebral pouch. AB - A case is presented of a 13-year-old boy with a long-standing high-pressure pouch in the right parietal lobe containing cerebrospinal fluid. The clinical presentation was of epilepsy. Isotopic studies suggested that the pouch was filling along the subarachnoid space at the back of the corpus callosum in the posterior part of the interhemispheric fissure. There was a dilated sulcus at this point, which filled freely on air encephalography. Pressure studies suggested the likelihood of a venous pulsation filling mechanism with a valvular action. Electrocorticography, excision of an epileptic focus in the wall of the cavity and opening of the ventricular wall into the pouch have produced a good clinical result. Computerized tomography after operation has confirmed correction of the high-pressure state. PMID- 6975803 TI - Multi-sialo brain gangliosides are powerful stimulators of active E-rosetting lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients. AB - Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from all of 14 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were significantly stimulated by MS brain gangliosides in the active rosetting of sheep erythrocytes. Fractionated mono- and disialogangliosides were devoid of any stimulating effect on MS lymphocytes whereas the trisialoganglioside GT1 and to a greater extent the tetrasialoganglioside GQ1b were fully effective at a dose as low as 2 x 10(-18) moles. Gangliosides extracted from MS brains or from MS brain myelin were far more effective than gangliosides derived from control human brains or from bovine and mouse brains, suggesting the importance of highly sialylated gangliosides occurring to a greater extent in MS brain as previously reported. Lymphocytes from only 3 out of 24 other neurological patients were stimulated by the slow migrating gangliosides in the same way, but none of 32 healthy subjects responded to these gangliosides in the active E-rosette test. Lymphocytes from 5 to 8 patients with unilateral optic neuritis reacted positively to brain gangliosides by rosette formation, several weeks before a similar reaction to myelin basic protein was evident. Our data are compatible with a release of gangliosides during demyelination or other CNS degenerative processes occurring in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6975804 TI - Associated particle aggregates in juxtaparanodal axolemma and adaxonal Schwann cell membrane of rat peripheral nerve. AB - Freeze-fracture observations have been made on unfixed cryoprotected, and glutaraldehyde-perfused and cryoprotected rat sciatic nerve. In the juxtaparanodal region of the internode, numerous particle clusters were observed on the axolemmal E face and rings of particles of uniform size on the P face of the adaxonal Schwann cell membrane. Both of these particle aggregates were concentrated in the internodal region immediately adjacent to the paranode (juxtaparanodal). The findings provide evidence for a close association between the two particle formations, suggesting a unitary structure forming links between the axolemma and Schwann cell membrane. Figures are given for the density distribution of these particles at the juxtaparanodal region. They were rarely observed on membrane fracture faces of the general internodal regions. It is possible that these particle formations may represent potassium channels or that they could provide channels for other metabolic communication between the Schwann cell and the axon. PMID- 6975806 TI - Documentation of fourth ventricle entrapment by metrizamide ventriculography with CT scanning. PMID- 6975805 TI - C5a: a mediator of chemotaxis and cellular release reactions. PMID- 6975808 TI - Single-photon tomographic study of regional cerebral blood flow after stroke: concise communication. PMID- 6975809 TI - Cerebral blood flow using PET measurements of fluoromethane kinetics. PMID- 6975807 TI - Thymic gallium-67 localization in pediatric patients on chemotherapy: concise communication. AB - Localization of Ga-67 in the thymus has been reported to occur in children. In our control group of 87 patients, 15% of children under 5 yr and 11% of children over 5 yr demonstrated thymic localization. In contrast, in our study group of seven children with acute lymphocytic leukemia or malignant lymphoma, lymphocytic diffuse, treated on a modified non-Hodgkin's lymphoma protocol, Sloan-Kettering LSA2-L2, thymic localization occurred during treatment in five of the seven. We conclude that increased thymic gallium localization in children under chemotherapy for a known malignancy may reflect increased activity of thymic medullary epithelial cells and regeneration of thymic lymphocytes during recovery form involution induced by certain chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 6975810 TI - Evidence for the maternal origin of alpha1-antitrypsin in amniotic fluid. PMID- 6975812 TI - Premature cognitive commitment. AB - Two experiments examined the effect that the conditions of initial exposure to information have on the "mindless" processing of that information and its subsequent use. It was hypothesized that the context of initial exposure to information limits its subsequent use. Information initially perceived as irrelevant may be uncritically accepted. If that information later becomes relevant, persons become victims of their premature cognitive commitments. In the first experiment, all subjects received information about perceptual deficits while the perceived relevance of that information was manipulated. On assessment tests, all subjects "found" they had this deficit. On follow-up perceptual tasks, the group initially informed that the deficit was seemingly irrelevant showed severe performance decrements relative to other groups. The second experiment used a similar procedure for a perceptual skill rather than a deficit. Here, subjects initially exposed to "irrelevant" information performed more productively than subjects initially exposed to "relevant" information. These results indicate that conditions surrounding initial exposure to information limit its subsequent use. The implications of these data for social, psychological, and physical symptoms are discussed. PMID- 6975811 TI - Oral chloramphenicol in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. AB - We conducted a prospective, randomized evaluation of oral chloramphenicol administration for completion of therapy of Haemophilus influenza type b meningitis in 44 children: 21 received drug by this route after the second day of therapy, the remainder continued to receive the drug intravenously. Resolution of clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid indicators of meningitis was equivalent with both routes in 43 patients. One infant failed to achieve efficacious serum concentrations by either route of administration. Paired analysis of the area under the serum concentration versus time curve in 13 patients after oral and intravenous administration indicated equivalent bioavailability. Neutropenia was the only observed drug-related toxicity and correlated with the highest observed serum concentration. We conclude that: (1) chloramphenicol can be used by the oral route to complete treatment of H. influenzae type b meningitis; (2) a dose of 75 mg/kg/day is effective and less likely than higher doses to cause neutropenia; and (3) the measurement of serum chloramphenicol concentrations is important, regardless of route of administration. PMID- 6975813 TI - Micellar solubilization of cetaben sodium in surfactant and lipid solutions. AB - Cetaben sodium solubilities were evaluated by micellar solubilization in various surfactants and lipid solvents. At pH 8, the relationship between cetaben sodium solubility and surfactant concentration delineated apparent saturable kinetics; at pH 4.9, the relationship between the two parameters was linear. In the presence of 0.5% sodium taurocholate and polysorbate 80, cetaben sodium solubility increased as the medium pH was increased; however, in the presence of 0.5% poloxamer 188, cetaben sodium solubility revealed a hyperbola when the pH was changed from 4.9 to 8.0. Cetaben sodium solubility was enhanced greatly by mixed physiological surfactants, full-strength caprylic-capric monodiglycerides or monodiglycerides, when compared to a single surfactant system. Cetaben sodium solubility is influenced by pH, surfactant type, surfactant concentration, lipid solvent type, and the simultaneous presence of surfactants or phospholipids. PMID- 6975814 TI - Membrane charge movement in contracting and non-contracting skeletal muscle fibres. AB - 1. The single gap voltage clamp technique (Kovacs & Schneider, 1978) was used to monitor membrane charge movement in tendon-terminated short segments of cut frog skeletal muscle fibres.2. Experiments were performed both on fibres able to contract and on fibres in which contraction was eliminated by exposing the open end to a solution containing 20 mm-EGTA. In both cases ionic conductances were minimized by using a predominantly caesium glutamate solution at the open end and a predominantly tetraethyl-ammonium sulphate solution with tetrodotoxin at the closed end.3. Modifications of previously used charge movement analysis procedures included synthesis of a ;mean linear' ON and OFF capacitative transient from the OFFs of several different hyperpolarizing pulses and use of only the first 35 msec of the ;mean linear' transient so that base lines could be fitted to unaltered latter parts of ON and OFF currents for depolarizing pulses.4. Simultaneous two-micro-electrode and gap current recording from gap clamped fibres with blocked contraction established the validity of gap-recorded charge movement currents.5. For pulses to below about 0 mV in non-contracting fibres the charges Q(ON) and Q(OFF) moved by the non-linear transient currents at pulse ON and OFF were approximately equal. For pulses to between about 0 and +50 mV Q(OFF) exceeded Q(ON), with the charge inequality increasing with both pulse amplitude and pulse duration.6. Use of 20 mm-cobalt in the solution at the closed end eliminated the ON:OFF charge inequality for large depolarizations by decreasing Q(OFF).7. The charge inequality and cobalt effect indicate that, in the absence of cobalt, ionic conductance was being slowly activated during depolarizations to between 0 and +50 mV and that inward calcium current tails were contributing to the measured Q(OFF) values. The small and slowly developing ionic current during large depolarizations was probably removed with the straight sloping base line so that Q(ON) was minimally affected by conductance activation.8. Average Q vs. V results for pulses to at most 0 mV in eighteen non contracting fibres were well fitted by the two-state Boltzmann model where Q = Q(max)/[1+exp-(V - V)/k] with Q(max) = 26.7+/-0.6 nC/muF, k = 16.7+/-0.6 mV and V = -32.9+/-1.0 mV (least-squares values+/-s.d. obtained from fit).9. In contracting fibres the only apparent artifact produced by contraction in the I(Q) records for pulses to at most 0 mV was a ;bowing' of the OFF base lines for the larger pulses. The ON records appeared to be unaffected by contraction artifacts.10. The average Q vs. V relationship for pulses to at most 0 mV in contracting fibres was virtually identical to the one obtained from fibres in which contraction was blocked.11. The ON portions of I(Q) records for pulses to between about -50 and -25 mV exhibited prolonged tails, plateaux or secondary rising phases whereas the OFF portions decayed smoothly. I(Q) time courses were not noticeably different with or without blockage of contraction by internal EGTA. PMID- 6975815 TI - Membrane charge moved at contraction thresholds in skeletal muscle fibres. AB - 1. The current I(Q) due to membrane charge movement and the threshold pulse duration t(th) required to produce microscopically just-detectable contraction were determined for pulses to a variety of membrane potentials in tendon terminated short segments of cut frog skeletal muscle fibres voltage-clamped using a single gap technique.2. The time course Q(t) of membrane charge movement was calculated as the running integral of I(Q). The threshold charge Q(th) moved by pulses which produced just-detectable contraction was estimated as Q(t(th)).3. Q(th) was constant for pulses to potentials ranging from about -45 mV, the rheobase potential for contraction, to about -15 mV, where t(th) was about 9 msec. The mean Q(th) from fourteen fibres was 11.5 nC/muF, when the holding potential was about -100 mV.4. Prepulses of 50 msec which were themselves sub rheobase for producing contraction decreased the t(th) for an immediately following test pulse. The total threshold charge moved during the prepulse and during t(th) of the test pulse was equal to Q(th) for the test pulse without prepulse.5. Items 3 and 4 above indicate that t(th) is determined by the time required to move a set amount of intramembrane charge, independent of the kinetics of the charge movement.6. Steady partial fibre depolarization to between -70 and -55 mV increased t(th) at all membrane potentials and elevated the rheobase potential for contraction. Slight further steady depolarization totally eliminated contraction.7. Steady partial depolarization decreased the total ON charge movement Q(ON) by about the same factor for pulses to all potentials tested.8. Q(th) for partially depolarized but still-contracting fibres remained approximately independent of membrane potential from rheobase to about 0 mV but was slightly less than Q(th) for the same fibres when fully polarized.9. Steady partial depolarizations which reduced the mean (+/-s.d.) ON charge movement Q(ON) to 60 +/- 8% of its value under full polarization reduced Q(th) to 86 +/- 11% of its full polarization value (n = 10). These steady partial depolarizations produced no change in the linear capacitance measured with hyperpolarizing pulses.10. Contraction was completely abolished by steady partial depolarizations which reduced Q(ON) to 41% of its value under full polarization (mean of three runs). The maximum value of Q(ON) was then 77% of the Q(th) value for the same fibres under full polarization.11. A prolonged tail, a shoulder, a second rising phase or an early relatively high flat segment were successively evident in the I(Q) records as the depolarizing pulse was successively increased to and beyond the rheobase potential for contraction. It was found that t(th) either coincided with or occurred slightly later than the start of such tails, shoulders or second rising phases.12. When test pulse I(Q) records with and without immediately preceding sub-rheobase prepulses were shifted in time so that their t(th) times coincided, the record with prepulse coincided with the later part of I(Q) without prepulse. This indicates that sub-rheobase prepulses moved the initial portion of the I(Q) that occurs during the test pulse alone, whereas they did not alter the latter portion of the test pulse I(Q).13. A model was developed which accounts for charge movement's voltage dependence and kinetics and for the relationship between charge movement and just-detectable contraction in both the fully polarized and partially depolarized states.14. The model proposes that Q be composed of two components. Component A is due to the voltage and time-dependent movement of charges between two sites located within the membrane and separated by a single energy barrier. Component B is instantaneously proportional to an integer power n of the fraction of component A charges which have crossed the barrier.15. The I(Q) time courses were best approximated using n = 3, with which both the relatively early and late portions of the experimental I(Q) time courses could be reproduced. The best theoretical records obtained with n = 3 still passed below the shoulders, second rising phases and later parts of the early constant phases in the various experimental I(Q) records. Theoretical records did fit accurately the I(Q) time courses observed under steady partial fibre depolarization. The relatively small current not reproduced by the model may be an electrical accompaniment of the activation of calcium release or the elevation of internal free calcium levels in the space between the transverse tubules (T tubules) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6975816 TI - The role of vesicles in the transport of ferritin through frog endothelium. AB - 1. The transport of ferritin molecules by endothelial cell vesicles has been quantitatively investigated by electron microscopy. Single mesenteric capillaries of pithed frogs were perfused with solutions containing 6.7 g ferritin 100 ml.-1 for known periods before fixation in situ with osmium tetroxide. 2. Two series of experiments were carried out: in the first series the perfusate contained bovine serum albumin (1.0 g 100 ml.-1); in the second series the perfusate contained no protein other than the ferritin. To assess the molecular radius of ferritin in solution, the free diffusion coefficient of ferritin was measured in the presence and absence of albumin. 3. The free diffusion coefficient of ferritin in saline solution (110 m-mole 1.-1) was found to be 0.35 X 10(-6) cm2 sec-1 at 21 degrees C and was not affected by the presence of bovine serum albumin. This indicates that there is no significant binding of albumin to ferritin in solution and yields a value for the Stokes-Einstein radius of ferritin of 6.1 nm. 4. In all perfusion experiments the percentage of luminal vesicles containing ferritin exceeded the percentage of labelled cytoplasmic vesicles, which in turn exceeded the percentage of labelled abluminal vesicles. 5. Labelling of all vesicle populations was seen after perfusions lasting less than 1 sec. At this time luminal vesicles were more heavily labelled in the absence of albumin. 6. The labelling of luminal vesicles increased with lengthening perfusion times up to 30 40 sec, after which steady levels of labelling were achieved. The rate of rise in luminal labelling and the steady-state levels reached were both greater in the absence of albumin. By contrast cytoplasmic labelling increased above its initial value only after perfusions of longer than 10 sec. 7. In the steady state, labelled cytoplasmic vesicles contained, on average, fewer ferritin molecules than labelled luminal vesicles. This finding is inconsistent with translocation of labelled luminal vesicles across the cell. 8. It is suggested that the early constant labelling of cytoplasmic and abluminal vesicles is consistent with the existence of vesicular channels. Later cytoplasmic labelling may result from the transient fusion of cytoplasmic vesicles with labelled luminal vesicles for periods long enough to allow mixing of vesicular contents. Albumin may affect vesicular transport by its interaction with the endothelial glycocalyx. PMID- 6975817 TI - Immobilization of membrane charge in frog skeletal muscle by prolonged depolarization. AB - 1. Inactivation ('immobilization') of the non-linear component of capacitive current in semitendinosus muscles of Rana pipiens was studied using the three micro-electrode voltage-clamp technique (Adrian, Chandler & Hodgkin, 1970). 2. The steady-state voltage dependence of non-linear charge immobilization was determined by changing the holding potential. The data were fitted to an equation analogous to that used to describe the charge activation process (Schneider & Chandler, 1973). The steepness parameter, k, is the same for charge activation and immobilization, but the mid-point voltage of charge immobilization is 8.9 +/- 2.6 mV (n = 9) more negative than the mid-point of the non-linear charge activation curve. The charge relaxation rate constants are unaffected by changes in holding potential. 3. The time course of non-linear charge immobilization was studied using a protocol that measures the change in capacitive current required for a voltage step of a fixed magnitude determined before and after an intervening period of depolarization. The sum of the non-linear charge that is immobilized and the non-linear charge that remains mobile after a prolonged (greater than 1 s) depolarization is equal to the total non-linear charge measured by a normally polarized holding potential (-80 mV). The determination of the quantity of charge immobilized does not require the assumption of linearity of the control capacity transient. 4. The exponential time constant of the charge immobilization was found to be steeply voltage dependent. The charge immobilization time constant was 4.4 s at -40 mV, 1.5 s at -20 mV and 0.28 s at +20 mV. Temperature was 5 degrees C. 5. In addition to a decrease in the magnitude of non-linear capacitive charge during prolonged depolarization muscle fibres generally showed showed an apparent decrease in linear effective capacity. It is suggested that this apparent change and the increase previously reported to occur when chronically depolarized fibres are hyperpolarized (Rakowski, 1978a) are artifactual results of incorrect current scaling rather than changes that result from alteration of a conductance pathway from the transverse tubular system into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6975818 TI - Effects of external calcium reduction on the kinetics of potassium contractures in frog twitch muscle fibres. AB - 1. The amplitude and time course of K contractures (Cl- constant) of single twitch muscle fibres of the frog have been analysed in three external Ca2+ concentrations. 2. The resting potential, effective resistance, threshold for the Na current and K-induced depolarizations were not modified by replacing 1.8 mM Ca2+ by 3 mM-Mg2+ in absence (low-Ca saline: 3-6 micro M-Ca2+) or in the presence of 5 mM-EGTA (Ca-free saline: less than or equal to 10(-9) M-Ca2+). 3. The tension development during the initial phase of K contractures was independent of external Ca2+ while the amplitude, the duration and the time constant of spontaneous relaxation decreased progressively as Ca2+ concentration was diminished. 4. When the concentration of Mg2+ was increased to 5 mM in Ca-free saline K contractures were slower and smaller than those in 3 mM-Mg2+. 5. In Ca free saline the activation curve (peak tension vs. logarithm of external K+ concentration) shifted by 3-5 mV towards more positive potentials while the inactivation curve (peak tension of the test contracture vs. logarithm of external K+ concentration during the conditioning period) shifted by 16-18 mV towards more negative potentials. Both curves became steeper in Ca-free saline. 6. The effects of external Ca2+ reduction were not modified by replacing all chloride for methanesulphonate. 7. Direct effects of external Ca2+ on excitation contraction coupling during K contractures could involve the inward Ca current and/or specific interactions between external Ca2+ ions and the coupling mechanism. PMID- 6975819 TI - Effect of pH on the formation and decay of the metarhodopsins of the frog. AB - 1. Suspensions of membrane vesicles were prepared by sonication of dark-adapted frog rod outer segments. The pH was adjusted to one of twelve values between 5.0 and 9.8; the temperature was 15 degrees C. Each preparation was exposed to a single yellow flash of 120 microseconds duration, and rapid slow changes of absorbance were measured at 475 nm wavelength. 2. Rapid changes consist of a transient rise followed by a diphasic decay to a new level of absorbance which is lower than that before the light exposure. The level of absorbance reached at the end of the rapid changes is lower at lower pH. 3. Kinetic analysis reveals that three reactants take part in the rapid reactions, viz. metarhodopsin I and two isochromic forms of metarhodopsin II named metarhodopsin II' and metarhodopsin II". The kinetics of the reversible transition from metarhodopsin I to metarhodopsin II' are not measurably influenced by the pH of the medium. However, the reversible reaction of metarhodopsin II' with metarhodopsin II" is dependent on pH because metarhodopsin II" is encountered either as a protonated or as a deprotonated compound. 4. Slow reactions are due to metarhodopsin I and to metarhodopsin III. A combined quantitative analysis of both rapid and slow reactions involves a reversible reaction between metarhodopsin II' and metarhodopsin III and a hydrolysis of metarhodopsin II' to retinal and opsin. The scheme employed accounts for the pH dependence of all equilibria although only one of the metarhodopsins reacts directly with protons. PMID- 6975820 TI - The effects of tetracaine on the membrane currents and contraction of frog atrial muscle. AB - 1. The effects of tetracaine on the membrane currents and contraction of isolated frog atrial trabeculae under voltage clamp has been investigated. 2. Tetracaine inhibits the slow inward current in a competitive way with a Ki of 0.13 mM, and the phasic component of the contractile response in a non-competitive manner with a Ki of 0.25 mM. 3. The tonic phase of contraction is little affects by tetracaine while the outward current is reduced. 4. The effects of tetracaine on contraction closely resemble those obtained previously with K contractures and further emphasize that two processes, both of which depend on the membrane potential, are involved in the initiation of contraction in amphibian heart. 5. The effect of tetracaine on the phasic tension would seem to be due to an inhibition of both the slow inward current and the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6975821 TI - The interaction of potassium with the activation of anomalous rectification in frog muscle membrane. AB - 1. Inward rectification of frog muscle membrane was analysed with the Vaseline gap method. 2. Hyperpolarization, under voltage clamp, produced inward potassium currents, which had a component that activated with a time constant, tau K. 3. The activation time constant tau K of the inward potassium currents was voltage dependent. For a given external potassium concentration, the time constant was maximal for potentials near the potassium equilibrium potential, EK. 4. The potassium chord conductance gK, had a sigmoidal voltage dependency, increasing initially e-fold per 11.6 mV of hyperpolarization. 5. When the internal potassium concentration was fixed, raising external potassium induced a shift of the tau K V and the gK-V relations in the positive direction along the voltage axis. That shift was comparable to the change in EK. 6. No shift of the tau K-V and the gK-V relations was observed when the internal potassium was reduced from 150 to 50 mM. 7. Changes of internal sodium concentration between 5 and 100 mM did not significantly effect the magnitude of inward rectification. PMID- 6975822 TI - The mechanism of transfer for L-leucine into the vascular bed of the Anuran small intestine. AB - 1. The vascularly perfused small intestine of Rana pipiens was used to investigate the movement of the amino acid L-leucine from the epithelium into the vascular bed. It was found that only a few amino acids when present in the lumen inhibited the wash-out leucine into the vascular bed. The series of amino acids which had this effect belonged to the group previously shown to be transported by 'L-type' carrier systems. 2. Nearly all amino acids when present in the lumen accelerated the flux of leucine from the vascular bed to the lumen and there was little correlation between the amino acids which caused this effect and those which inhibited leucine wash-out into the vascular bed. Replacement of luminal sodium also promoted serosal-to-mucosal leucine flux. 3. The effect of the presence of amino acids in the lumen on the uptake of leucine from the vascular bed was measured using a fractional extraction technique; sucrose was the extracellular marker. There was complete correlation between the amino acids which promoted the extraction of leucine from the vascular bed and those which inhibited leucine wash-out into the vascular bed. 4. In contrast, the wash-out of leucine into the vascular bed was not accelerated by the addition of amino acids to the vascular perfusate, and the presence of 10 mM-leucine in the vascular bed had very little effect upon the mucosal-to-serosal flux of leucine. 5. These results are discussed with regard to the specificity of an exit system for leucine, in the intestinal epithelium, which appears to have an energy requirement. PMID- 6975823 TI - Trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections: patient compliance and efficacy. AB - Patient compliance and drug efficacy and side-effects were compared in two groups of patients with symptoms of acute lower urinary tract infections. One group was treated with trimethoprim, one tablet (300 mg) once a day, and the other with co trimoxazole, two tablets (160 mg trimethoprim, 800 mg sulphamethoxazole) twice a day; both treatments were prescribed for seven days. Patient compliance was significantly greater with trimethoprim: corrected percentage compliance rates were 97.5 per cent for trimethoprim and 79.1 per cent for co-trimoxazole (p<0.05). Trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole were of equivalent effectiveness in the control of symptoms. Side-effects were more frequent with co-trimoxazole, but the difference was not significant. PMID- 6975824 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with C4 deficiency. AB - A 40-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus was found to be totally deficient in the 4th component of complement and to be lacking in Chido and Rodgers blood group substances on red cells and in plasma. Family studies were suggestive of a linkage of the C4 deficiency with an HLA haplotype. C2 in the patient's serum was 50% of normal but other complement components and alternative pathway functions were normal. Chemotactic and opsonic activities in the patient's serum were diminished. PMID- 6975825 TI - Heterogeneity of HLA-DR4 in the rheumatoid arthritis of a Chippewa band. AB - A high frequency of both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and HLA-DR4 was found in a Chippewa Indian population. Multiple immunogenetic "variants" of HLA-DR4 were demonstrated, each showing a different response in mixed lymphocyte culture which corresponded to a serologic pattern of reactivity to a panel of non-DR4 B cell alloantisera. No DR4-bearing HLA haplotype or DR4 "variant" was common to subjects with RA, all of whom were DR4-positive. The implications are discussed. PMID- 6975826 TI - HLA-DR4 in Negro and Mexican rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - We tested HLA-DR antigens in 38 Caucasian, 18 Negro, 17 Mexican, and 5 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Significantly high HLA-DR4 frequencies were observed in all races; 61% in Caucasians, 39% in Negroes, 77% in Mexicans, and 100% in Japanese. However, no clinical correlation with DR4 was found in these patients. PMID- 6975827 TI - Chronic interstitial cystitis as an initial major manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Chronic interstitial cystitis (CIC) has been thought to result from autoimmune phenomena and its occurrence in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has occasionally been recorded. We report a patient with SLE whose initial urinary symptoms were caused by CIC. Two of 3 patients (including ours) whose cases have been reported also had diarrhea, a common symptom in idiopathic CIC. All 3 patients had cutaneous and/or bladder vasculitis. CIC occurring in SLE seems to be due to immune complex deposition. PMID- 6975829 TI - Intestinal bleeding caused by hookworm. PMID- 6975828 TI - Antigenic and genetic parameters in the stimulation and in the lytic phases of anti-hapten + self cytotoxic T cells and their derived clones: role of the T helper cell. AB - Requirements for stimulation of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and for their lytic recognition have been compared in T cell lines repeatedly stimulated with trinitrobenzene sulfonate-treated syngeneic murine spleen cells. Differences were observed between the requirements for cells to stimulate or to be lysed by the CTL, which included: (a) the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC = H-2) encoded allelic products, and (b) the hapten density. Propagation of the CTL within the line required I-A intra-H-2 homology between hapten-treated stimulation cells and the line cells, whereas the lytic interaction required H-2K region homology between hapten-treated target cells and CTL. The hapten density requirement was analyzed for a responder (H-2k) and a non-responder (H-2b) strain to low hapten density modified syngeneic cells. This property was found to be a characteristic of the lytic phase rather than of the stimulation of CTL. CTL clones could be derived by growing the line cells under conditions of limiting dilution in the presence ot T cell growth factors. Such CTL clones were unable to be stimulated by their target antigens and were dependent on T cell growth factors for their propagation. These results are discussed in terms of the dependence of the development and growth of CTL on T helper cells. PMID- 6975830 TI - [Two cases of adult T cell leukemia associated with hypercalcemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975831 TI - [A case of adult T cell lymphoma with marked eosinophilia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975832 TI - [An autopsy case of T-cell lymphoma associated with disseminated varicella and malabsorption syndrome due to Isospora belli infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975833 TI - [Etiological classification of immunologic deficiencies and progress in its management]. PMID- 6975836 TI - [An explant culture of the facial lesions in Pringle's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975834 TI - [Development of positron CT and heart imaging]. PMID- 6975835 TI - [Usefulness of ECT in liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975837 TI - [A case of solar urticaria with inhibition spectrum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975838 TI - [Role of Prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha in UVB-induced erythema (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975839 TI - [20-methylcholanthrene induced mouse skin cancer. Part 4: Study on the similarity between mouse skin cancer and human non-cicatric squamous cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975840 TI - [Characteristics of horny cell membrane isolated from human stratum corneum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975841 TI - Analysis of differentiated T-cell subpopulations: difference in radiosensitivity of immune responses to allogeneic antigen. AB - The radiosensitivity of immune responses to allogeneic tumor cells was compared. Delayed hypersensitivity as demonstrated by macrophage migration inhibition and antibody production as detected by immune adherence test were extremely radiosensitive. The radiosensitive nature of macrophage migration inhibition was in marked contrast to he radioresistance of the delayed footpad reaction. The generation of cytotoxicity was relatively radioresistant. PMID- 6975842 TI - Analysis of elements determining the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. I. Irradiated F1 recipients in which antigenic stimulation occurs consistently at an excess dose. AB - Specific cytotoxicity against histocompatibility antigens of a parental strain was induced in the spleens of sublethally irradiated F1 mice after intravenous transfer of lymphoid cells from another parental strain. Such cytotoxicity reached the highest level at 10 days after the transfer of 3 to 5 X 10(7) spleen cells and was ascribed to be T lymphocytes of donor parental origin. Secondary response of the generation of cytotoxicity was compared among in vivo rechallenge, in vitro MLC and transfer to irradiated F1 mice. Cytotoxicity was not so augmented by in vivo rechallenge. It may be attributable to early elimination of grafts. In in vitro MLC and transfer to irradiated F1 mice, the generation of cytotoxicity appeared earlier with higher magnitudes as compared to primary response. The transfer system to irradiated F1 recipients appears to be more suitable for analyses of the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from memory cells than in vivo rechallenge. PMID- 6975843 TI - Comparison of autoimmunity induction with virulent and attenuated rinderpest virus in rabbits. AB - Two strains of rinderpest virus which differ each other in virulence to rabbits were compared in their capacity to produce autoantibodies and their effects on the function of the lymphoid system. The virulent L strain induced two autoantibodies, i.e., antinuclear antibody (ANA) and cold hemagglutinating antibody (HA), and suppressed lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin and to concanavalin A for at least 4 weeks after infection. The attenuated LA strain, on the other hand, failed to induce the autoantibodies except transient production of cold HA in few animals, although persistent production of virus-neutralizing antibody like that in L strain infection was observed. The suppression of lymphocyte responses to mitogens was limited to a period of 3--7 days after infection. Possible mechanism of the virus-induced autoimmunity was discussed in relation to the immunosuppressive effect of virus infection. PMID- 6975844 TI - [Serial changes of lymphocyte subpopulations, anti-T cell antibodies, and circulating immune complexes in patients with lupus nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975845 TI - [Evaluation of emission computed tomography using a rotating gamma camera for thallium-201 myocardial imaging: (1) phantom study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975846 TI - [Evaluation of emission computed tomography using a rotating gamma camera for thallium-201 myocardial imaging: (2) clinical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975847 TI - Bleeding esophageal varices: treatment by embolization and shunting. AB - An assessment was made of the treatment of 120 consecutive, alcoholic, cirrhotic patients with bleeding esophageal varices. Percutaneous, transhepatic embolization of the esophagaogastric varices resulted in control of the hemorrhage and this approach was more effective than were the non-surgical methods used. Management of acute variceal bleeding by conservative non-surgical means, including embolization, appears preferable to emergency portal-systemic shunts. The combination of non-surgical control of the acute variceal hemorrhage plus subsequent selective distal splenorenal shunting resulted in minimal encephalopathy and the most effective treatment. PMID- 6975848 TI - [New method to prevent perioperative coronary artery spasm in patients with ischemic heart disease including variant angina undergoing aortocoronary bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975850 TI - Growth stimulation of microenvironment-dependent mouse leukemias by tumor promoting phorbol esters. AB - The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and related tumor promoting phorbol esters on 23 symbiotic cell lines from AKR thymic leukemias were studied. The phorbol derivatives with in vivo cocarcinogenic activity increased the viable yield of leukemia cells of most symbiotic cell lines in the absence of growth-supporting adherent cells. Particularly, in 10 cell lines remarkable growth stimulation was observed with 1 to 10 ng TPA/ml. The effect of TPA was reversible, since the leukemia cells exposed to TPA for 48 hours failed to grow without TPA or adherent cells. The leukemia cells from a symbiotic cell line could be maintained in TPA-containing medium for as long as 8 weeks without losing dependence. The leukemia cells were refractory to growth stimulation by TPA after they acquired the capability to grow independently. Furthermore, by affecting the leukemia cells, TPA and active tumor promoters inhibited pseudoemperipolesis (i.e., localization of leukemia cells under or between adherent cells), which is the basic cell interaction in symbiotic complexes. These effects of tumor-promoting phorbol esters are discussed with a special reference to the multistage hypothesis of leukemogenesis. PMID- 6975849 TI - Characterization of mononuclear blood cell-derived differentiation inducing factors for the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. AB - A search was made for physiologically produced differentiation inducing factor(s) (DIF) for the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. Mononuclear blood cells, when stimulated with various mitogens, produced DIF, which induced differentiation of HL-60 into phagocytizing nitro blue tetrazolium reducing cells with the morphologic characteristic of granulopoietic or myelomonocytic cells. Induction of differentiation occurred equally well in serum-containing and serum free media. Protein synthesis was necessary for elaboration of DIF, which seems to be of a protein nature inasmuch as it is destroyed by proteases. Gel chromatography showed that one or two species of DIF with apparent molecular weights of 40,000 and 25,000 were produced, depending on the type of mitogen used. At least the 40,000-molecular weight DIF was distinct from the colony stimulating activity (CSA), which was produced simultaneously. Our results suggested a role of lymphocytes and/or monocytes for modulation of myelomonocytic hematopoiesis not mediated by CSA. The physiologic importance remains, however, to be demonstrated. PMID- 6975852 TI - [Immunological index changes in the surgical treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 6975851 TI - Three forms of dominant amyloid neuropathy. PMID- 6975853 TI - [Roentgenoradiologic diagnosis of chronic calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 6975854 TI - [Tissue cultures of normal and pathological corneal epithelia (author's transl)]. AB - The changes of the cornea epithelium in the case of macular dystrophy are secondary. Those in lattice dystrophy are primary, the epithelial cells exhibiting the characteristics of cancer cells as well as hypertrophy of the lysosomal system and vacuolisation with autolysis. PMID- 6975855 TI - [The hereditary factor as a criterion for the classification of stationary congenital night blindness (author's transl)]. AB - The night-blind subject examined in 1952 by Schubert and Bornschein was reexamined electrophysiologically. All findings were unchanged. Normal a, d and g waves in the ERG indicated undisturbed receptor function. Fast and slow oscillations of the EOG were normal. The subjective darkness-adaptation curve revealed minimal scotopic function after the 14th min of adaptation. The significance of clinical and electrophysiological findings for the classification of stationary congenital night blindness is discussed. The hereditary factor appears to be the most preferable criterion for the classification of stationary congenital night blindness. PMID- 6975857 TI - Effects of prolonged weak light illumination on the b-wave and the ganglion cell response of the frog retina. PMID- 6975858 TI - [Hemorrhage after endoscopic polypectomy]. PMID- 6975859 TI - NIH Consensus Development Conference summary. Endoscopy in upper GI bleeding. PMID- 6975856 TI - [Chronic lymphatic leukemia of B-cell type: clinical and morphological investigations for diagnostic differentiation (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL was diagnosed in 71 patients based on clinical data. Most of the patients were in the stages 0, I and II, only 18% were in the stages III and IV according to Rai. In all cases, the disease was characterized by an increased number of B lymphocytes (B-CLL). The B cells mostly expressed a weak fluorescence intensity when tested for membrane bound immunoglobulins (Ig). In accordance to that, the quantitative measurement of Ig in the serum revealed a decrease of one or more Ig classes in 72% of the patients. No correlation existed between the number of b lymphocytes (and T lymphocytes) or the Ig concentration in the serum and the stage of the disease. To distinguish the CLL from related lymphoproliferative disorders, especially the immunocytic lymphoma, lymph node biopsies were examined histologically and immunomorphologically for intracytoplasmic Ig. This examination confirmed the diagnosis of CLL in 33 out of 40 cases. Six lymph nodes were classified as immunocytic lymphoma of the lymphoplasmacytoid type. In three of the latter, the immunocytic lymphoma was clinically associated with decreased Ig concentrations in the serum. These findings emphasize that the clinically established diagnosis of CLL should be corroborated by immunomorphology. PMID- 6975860 TI - Cross-cultural perspectives on developmental stages in adolescent drug use. PMID- 6975861 TI - Drinking among college students using a campus mental health center. PMID- 6975862 TI - The isolated perfused frog eye: a useful preparation for the investigation of drug effects on retinal function. AB - The isolated frog eye perfused through its ophthalmic artery with a modified oxygenated Sickel's media responds to light stimuli of different wavelengths in a manner similar to that observed in the frog eye in vivo for periods of 9 hr and longer. Short- and long-duration field potentials from the globe (ERG) and optic nerve (ONP) can be recorded simultaneously. Drugs perfused through the eye can be shown to modify components of the ERG and ONP and to alter the flow rate of the perfusion media through the eye. PMID- 6975864 TI - Color blindness in Africa. PMID- 6975865 TI - [Schwannoma of the small intestine with recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6975863 TI - Antipyretic and analgesic studies on the diacetate of a new triterpenic acid isolated from Corchorus depressus L. PMID- 6975866 TI - [The diagnosis of von Willebrand's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975867 TI - [5-hydroxytryptophan in combination with allopurinol in depressions]. PMID- 6975868 TI - [Action of LSD-25 on the serontoninergic system of the rat brain modified by administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan]. PMID- 6975869 TI - [Gastrointestinal blood loss after diflunisal]. PMID- 6975871 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of lung. Clinical aspects of primary histiocytosis in the adult. AB - One hundred cases of eosinophilic granuloma diagnosed by open lung biopsy were reviewed. There were 60 women and 40 men, ages 18 to over 60 years. Radiographs and clinical histories were contributed by physicians referring the cases for pathological consultation. Clinical follow-up information was obtained in 60 cases. The outcome was generally benign; the 16 asymptomatic patients remained well; 17 others had complete remission of symptoms, 22 had persistent symptoms, though half had partial improvement; 4 patients had progressive disease despite treatment, but only 1 patient died (of bilateral pneumothoraces complicating severe fibrosis). The more severe manifestations were found in young men, who had a higher incidence of pneumothorax, fibrosis and honeycombing, and diabetes insipidus. Many previously reported cases have had a less favorable outcome; milder cases of primary pulmonary histiocytosis have probably been overlooked in the past. In this series the prognostic value of histologic, clinical, or radiologic findings was limited. The diagnosis can often be strongly suggested radiologically, though infectious granulomata must be excluded; it is arguable whether exclusion of sarcoidosis is clinically important. The effectiveness of treatment with adrenal corticosteroids could not be assessed because of lack of controls; some individuals appeared to benefit, but relapse was very unusual in any case. The etiology of EG remains obscure, but in view of the paucity of patients with a history of allergy or asthma, and the lack of eosinophilia in any case, hypersensitivity seems unlikely. Smoking was far more common among these patients (97% altogether; 80% current) than in the general population (about 35%), an unexplained finding. PMID- 6975872 TI - [State of the hearing and equilibrium organs in workers exposed to carbon monoxide]. AB - In 78 men occupationally exposed to carbon monoxide, audiometric and electronystagmographic examinations have been carried out. In 66.6% of cases, receptive hearing impairment has been found. Vestibular changes, found in 79.5% of the group concerned, are regarded as typical and frequent effects of CO exposure. The results confirm ototoxic effects of carbon monoxide. PMID- 6975873 TI - A new method for the simultaneous presentation of low and high magnifications of microscopic specimens: application to in vivo studies of mesenterial capillaries. AB - By combining an incident light microscope (C. Zeiss) with an inverted camera microscope (ICM 405, C. Zeiss) having a common optic axis, it was possible to present simultaneously two microscope images of one object. These images were recorded by two television cameras and displayed on a single monitor with the aid of a video mixer (Pieper, Schwerte). This method was applied to intravital microscopy of mesenterial capillaries (rabbit and frog). It allowed the choice of a vascular network as an overview with the incident light microscope from which a suitable capillary segment for an electrical stimulation experiment could be selected and magnified with the transmitted light microscope. The results of its application provided proof that electrically induced constrictions in capillaries are independent of proximally or distally occurring vascular reactions. Capillaries of mesenteries in rabbits and frogs were stimulated with direct currents ranging from +0.015 micro A to +20 micro A. The constrictions were found to be reversible and reproducible. In addition capillary constrictions could also be produced by topical application of histamine and serotonin droplets applied to the surface of the mesentery. These observations may help to resolve the question of whether capillary contractility in the sense of Stricker (1865, 1876) is a biological mechanism. PMID- 6975870 TI - [One time therapy of urinary tract infections with amoxicillin or co-trimoxazole. A randomized study]. PMID- 6975874 TI - [B and T lymphocytes in hyperbilirubinemic full-term newborn infants before and after phototherapy]. PMID- 6975875 TI - [Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin and tonsillectomy in children]. PMID- 6975876 TI - Immuno-suppressive lymphocyte factors-III. Complete purification and partial characterization of human inhibitor of DNA synthesis. PMID- 6975878 TI - Suppressive effect of IgG1 antibody on the complement activation of IgG2 antibody of the guinea pig. PMID- 6975877 TI - Human lymphotoxins: purification to electrophoretic homogeneity of the alpha H receptor-bearing class. PMID- 6975879 TI - Immunological cross-reactivity between the collagen-like fragment of human Clq and human type I collagen. PMID- 6975880 TI - Chronic truncal vagotomy: its effects on the weight and function of the rat's pancreas. PMID- 6975881 TI - Rapid on-line drug information system for intensive care units. PMID- 6975883 TI - Intestinal obstruction: A neuroanatomic study. PMID- 6975882 TI - Extraskeletal osteosarcoma: light and electron microscopic study. PMID- 6975884 TI - The shortfall in Hispanic health manpower: the national and Mount Sinai-East Harlem picture. PMID- 6975889 TI - Perioperative fluid management. PMID- 6975885 TI - Lay attitudes toward physicians and medical technology. PMID- 6975886 TI - Faculty development and resident training in epidemiology and biostatistics. PMID- 6975887 TI - An epidemiologic study of ski injuries: Vail, Colorado. PMID- 6975890 TI - The use and abuse of diuretics. PMID- 6975891 TI - Redistribution of T lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of patients with sarcoidosis. PMID- 6975892 TI - T lymphocytes: repertoire and recognition. PMID- 6975888 TI - Postoperative hypoxemia. PMID- 6975894 TI - Has corticotropin-releasing factor finally been found? PMID- 6975893 TI - Specificity of T-cell cones illustrates altered self hypothesis. PMID- 6975897 TI - [Our experience with the evaluation of diagnostic neuroradiological zonography]. PMID- 6975896 TI - Effect of tumor-related factors on the in vivo and in vitro colony-forming ability of normal mouse marrow cells. AB - The effect of normal mouse marrow preincubation with Ehrlich tumor fluid (EAF) and Ehrlich tumor cell-conditioned medium (ET-CM) was investigated both on the in vivo assay for pluripotential stem cells (CFU-S) and on the in vitro assay for granulocytic-macrophagic progenitors (CFU-C). A significant reduction of the number of CFU-S was found when bone marrow cells were incubated with EAF. The morphological analysis showed a relative increase in the granulocytic type colonies besides an absolute increase in undifferentiated ones and an absolute decrease in erythroid colonies. The in vitro data show a decrease in CFU-C production, by stimulation with standard Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF), when the marrow cells are preincubated with EAF and ET-CM. When standard CAF (obtained from L-cells) is used at the higher concentrations, the CFU-C in the ET-CM treated marrow increases to the control values. EAF and ET-CM incubation also affects the CFU-C differentiation by increasing the number of pure granulocytic clones. The experimental data were discussed in order to explain an hypothesis about the activity of tumor-related factors. PMID- 6975898 TI - Recording arteriographic findings in patients with cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6975895 TI - [A new pancreas function test: the PABA test]. PMID- 6975899 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass combined with surgical treatment of the mitral valve]. PMID- 6975901 TI - [Therapy of pain with transcutaneous electrostimulation in the postoperative period in vertebro-medullary surgery]. PMID- 6975900 TI - [Effects of nifedipine during rehabilitation of patients with aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6975903 TI - Know how: how to keep the nurses you hire. PMID- 6975902 TI - [Hemorrhage of esophageal varices: conservative or emergency treatment?]. AB - The emergency treatment of bleeding esophageal varices still remain a very difficult problem. In this report results obtained with conservative and operative procedures will be compared. In particular 32 patients underwent transhepatic occlusion of the gastric vessels feeding varices, and 8 patients (total experience 27 cases) to emergency esophageal transection with the EEA stapler instrument. The conclusion is that both methods represent useful alternatives, in selected cases, rather than being antagonists. PMID- 6975905 TI - Patient teaching: getting your message through. PMID- 6975904 TI - Promotion and friendship--can you mix them? PMID- 6975906 TI - A question of ethics: sedating the dying. PMID- 6975907 TI - Are you courting disaster? PMID- 6975908 TI - How to break the handmaiden image. PMID- 6975909 TI - How to change problem behavior. PMID- 6975910 TI - The 12-hour day. PMID- 6975911 TI - Freedom from stress: a holistic approach. PMID- 6975912 TI - Court case: do you have a right to criticize? PMID- 6975914 TI - [Use of electric current for the stimulation of bone regeneration]. PMID- 6975913 TI - Unilateral inferior altitudinal hemianopsia, Argyll Robertson pupil and dendritic keratitis in a young patient with herpes zoster. AB - The authors describe a young patient with herpes zoster and discuss the etiopathogenesis of the complications which included unilateral inferior altitudinal hemianopsia, Argyll Robertson pupil and dendritic keratitis. PMID- 6975916 TI - [Group vestibulogram in the evaluation of the vestibular apparatus]. PMID- 6975915 TI - [Electric stimulation of bone regeneration in the treatment of gunshot fractures]. PMID- 6975917 TI - [Caloric swing test]. PMID- 6975918 TI - Atraumatic ischaemic myelopathy. AB - Significant and permanent neurological deficit due to ischaemic myelopathy continues to occur in 5-10 per cent of patients following surgery on the thoracic aorta for aneurysms, coarctation and lacerations, and following corrective surgery for scoliosis. Clinical features, patterns of neurological deficit, management and outcome in 29 patients with atraumatic ischaemic myelopathy following surgery on the aorta, aortocoronary bypass and cardiogenic shock, will be presented. Pertinent literature on the subject will also be reviewed. PMID- 6975920 TI - [Differential diagnosis of toxico-allergic (interstitial) nephritis in children with tuberculosis, renal tuberculosis and pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6975919 TI - Apparent resurgence of tuberculosis in urban children. AB - An apparent increase in incidence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis was observed in children in an inner-city community in New York City. This occurred during years in which the case rates of tuberculosis declined in the city and the nation. Two unusual presentations of childhood tuberculosis are described. This experience suggests that physicians should be more aware of the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children and that routine tuberculin skin testing with 5 TU of purified protein derivative (PPD) should be continued, with emphasis on testing in high-risk areas. Adequate funding of detection and treatment programs may prevent reemergence of this disease. PMID- 6975922 TI - [The C-reactive protein in inflammatory response (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975923 TI - [Postoperative loco-regional analgesic treatment using transcutaneous electric neurostimulation in orthopedic surgery]. PMID- 6975921 TI - Exchange threshold colorimeter and analytical anomaloscope of class I and class II subjects and colour defectives. AB - The spectral absorption curve of 'red' cones erytholabe and the 'green' cones chlorolabe are examined by these techniques. Evidence is elicited for a fourth photopic response peaking at approximately 570 nm. PMID- 6975924 TI - [Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the liver with a rotating gamma camera system (author's transl)]. AB - In a total of 202 patients conventional scintigraphy as well as emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the liver were performed. In 123 patients focal lesions could be excluded whereas in 30 cases the presence of liver tumors was verified. In 5 of the respective cases correct diagnosis was only possible by SPECT, in 9 further cases SPECT improved the diagnostic accuracy (topography, size and number of defects). In patients with normal findings of the liver, conventional scintigraphy yielded false-positive findings in 9 cases and SPECT in 7 cases. By combination of both methods the false-positive diagnoses could be reduced to 5. 48 patients had cirrhosis of the liver: in all of them conventional camera scintigraphy was superior to SPECT because of reduced activity accumulation in the liver (insufficient statistics). PMID- 6975925 TI - Clinical metrology: an extended nursing role? So what's a metrologist? PMID- 6975926 TI - [X-ray findings in histiocytosis X (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975927 TI - [Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin in lung cancer]. PMID- 6975928 TI - [Effect of opipramol and metabolic inhibitors on active sodium transport]. PMID- 6975930 TI - [Symptoms in a child and adolescent psychiatric population: I. Investigation method and prevalence rates]. PMID- 6975929 TI - Thoracoscopy in children. AB - In the past four and one-half years we have used thoracoscopy as the primary technique for pulmonary biopsy in children. During that interval, over 80 thoracoscopic procedures have been performed with no mortality and minimal morbidity. The ages of the patients have ranged between 2 weeks and 20 years. The procedure is carried out in the general operating room under regional and intravenous anesthesia, avoiding the need for endotracheal intubation. Fourty-two of the procedures have been performed in immunosuppressed patients, attempting to determine the presence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Twenty-four of the procedures have been performed for the diagnosis of intrathoracic tumors while 15 procedures have been performed for the diagnosis of localized pulmonary infiltrates. The diagnostic accuracy in immunosuppressed patients has been 100 persons and in the tumor patients has been 92 percent. The complications of this technique have been minimal. Four patients developed pneumothoraces which responded to manipulation of the chest tube and 3 patients have had sufficient postoperatoire bleeding to require transfusion, while none have required re exploration. The technique of thoracoscopy has provided a safe and rapid method of pulmonary diagnosis in this aged patient. PMID- 6975932 TI - [The aid of radiology in the diagnosis and therapy of acute gastro-intestinal hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975931 TI - [Emergency diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975933 TI - [Rupture of oesophageal varices in the cirrhotic patient - emergency treatment and measures (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975934 TI - [Surgical treatment of bleeding gastric ulcers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975935 TI - [What's new in rheumatology--trends in rheumatological pharmacotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975936 TI - [Intramural hematoma of the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975937 TI - [Duodenal varices (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975938 TI - [Importance of immunological tests in the differential diagnosis of disseminated forms of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis]. PMID- 6975939 TI - Influence of H-2 antigen expression on killer T cell specificity, differentiation, and induction. AB - Murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and helper cells are H-2 antigen restricted in their specificity: recognition of foreign antigen by these cells requires the concomitant recognition of self-H-2 molecules. Which H-2 antigens T cells treat as "self" is determined by the particular H-2 antigens expressed on radioresistant cells of the thymus in which these T cells mature. Using tetraparental [(P1 + P2) leads to F1] radiation chimeras with in situ F1 thymuses, we have found that the H-2 genotype of the stem cells does not influence their H-2 restriction specificity. This has allowed us to use tetraparental chimeras that have been thymectomized and grafted with parental (P1, P2, or both) thymus lobes to study the requirements for H-2-restricted T--T interactions during CTL ontogeny and induction. In animals that have received thymus grafts of both parental origins, CTL display no preference for maturation within a syngeneic thymus graft, a finding that is not compatible with a suggested requirement for intrathymic H-2-restricted T--T interactions in the maturation of precursor CTL. We have also grafted thymectomized tetraparental radiation chimeras with thymus grafts from only one parent to compare the induction of P1 and P2 CTL in environments in which peripheral (extrathymic) T cell interactions are restricted to one H-2 haplotype. Again, we find no evidence for preferential induction of CTL precursors syngeneic to the thymus graft, contrary to expectation if CTL induction requires that T helper cells restricted to thymic H-2 antigens interact directly with precursor CTL. In those animals with one parental thymus graft, there is variability in the ratios of P1 and P2 cells induced with several antigens, a finding that may be indicative of an H-2 restricted suppression mechanism operating in the periphery. PMID- 6975940 TI - Functional helper activity of monoclonal T cell populations: antigen-specific and H-2 restricted cloned T cells provide help for in vitro antibody responses to trinitrophenyl-poly(LTyr,Glu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys). AB - The ability of long-term cultured and monoclonal T cell populations to provide antigen-specific help was assessed in a system of Ir gene-controlled in vitro antibody responses to soluble antigens. T-cell colonies and monoclonal T-cell lines were generated which proliferated specifically in response to poly(LTyr,Glu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys) [(T,G)-A--L] and were I-A restricted in these proliferative responses. These (T,G)-A--L-specific T-cell populations were evaluated for their ability to help unprimed and T-cell depleted spleen cell populations in the generation of antibody responses to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-(T,G) A--L in vitro. It was found that long-term T-cell lines, including monoclonal T cell populations derived by limiting dilution, were highly efficient helper cells for IgM responses to TNP-(T,G)-A--L. These helper T cells were both antigen specific and I-A restricted in their ability to be activated and to cooperate with T-cell depleted spleen cell populations. Once specifically activated, however, these clones provided help that was antigen nonspecific. These studies have thus demonstrated the ability of antigen-specific and H-2-restricted monoclonal T-cell populations to provide help for responses to soluble antigens in vitro. PMID- 6975941 TI - Increased ascorbic acid content in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B lymphocytes. AB - Human lymphocyte extracts analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography reveal a major UV-absorbing peak that was shown to be ascorbic acid by spectral, chemical, and enzymatic criteria. Because this peak appeared very prominent in the elution profile of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymphocyte extracts, we measured the ascorbic acid content in lymphocytes from the blood of normal subjects and untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A significantly higher concentration of 111 +/- 15.3 nmol per 10(8) cells (mean +/- SEM) was found in CLL lymphocytes than in normal blood lymphocytes, which contained 42.2 +/- 3.3 nmol per 10(8) cells. Selective enrichment with B and T cells showed that this difference was limited to the chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cell, which had a 5- to 15-fold higher content of ascorbic acid than normal B cells had. In contrast, the ascorbic acid level was similar in normal and CLL T cells. The very high ascorbic acid content provides the chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cell with a reducing substance that could react with oxidants or free radicals. PMID- 6975942 TI - Murine bone marrow cell line producing colony-stimulating factor. AB - A cell line (H-1) derived from the adherent layer of a 14-wk-old Dexter bone marrow culture has been maintained as cloned and uncloned lines through 21 passages at the time of these studies. These cell lines develop many fat droplets as they age and become confluent. The uncloned line produces increasing amounts of colony-stimulating activity as the cells become confluent. Feeder layers or supernatants from the nonconfluent or confluent fat-laden cells stimulate the formation of greater numbers of colonies derived from cultures of colony-forming units (CFU) than does medium from L cell culture containing colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Antibody to the CSF-containing medium from L cell culture neutralizes the colony-stimulating activity, thus showing immunologic similarity to a known molecular species that stimulates colony production in a CFU culture that produces granulocyte or macrophage populations, or both. PMID- 6975943 TI - Significance of Lyt phenotypes: Lyt2 antibodies block activities of T cells that recognize class 1 major histocompatibility complex antigens regardless of their function. AB - The effect of anti-Lyt2 on the generation of helper T-cell function and on cytotoxic effects specific for subregions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was determined. The addition of anti-Lyt2 without complement to in vitro cultures blocked the generation of allogeneic MHC-induced help and lymphokine production and cytotoxic effects when the response was directed against allogeneic class 1 MHC antigens (K and D gene products of the mouse H-2 complex) but had no effect when these responses were specific for class 2 MHC antigens (I region gene products). Anti-Lyt2 failed to block the response of help induced to allogeneic mixed lymphocyte-stimulating determinants or the production of lymphokines by T cells specific for class 1 MHC antigens when concanavalin A lectin was used to induce activity. These and earlier results indicate that the ability of anti-Lyt2 antisera to block function is correlated with T cell specificity for class 1 MHC antigens not with the functional activity of the cells. PMID- 6975944 TI - Purification of murine helper T cell-replacing factors. AB - Humoral factors secreted by T lymphocytes and macrophages appear to play a role in cell communication leading to the triggering of immune responses. A factor has been purified from the culture supernatants of concanavalin A(Con A)-activated murine spleen cells with lymphokine activity in four assay systems. 1) stimulation of antibody responses to erythrocyte antigens in BALB/c.nu spleen cultures 2) amplification of production of cytotoxic T cells in thymocyte cultures, 3) stimulation of mitogenic responses to Con A in thymocyte cultures where the cell density is too low to support responses to Con A alone, and 4) maintenance of continuous T cell growth. The biologic activity has been sequentially purified by salt precipitation, gel filtration, chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and isoelectric focusing (IEF). These four lymphokine activities appear to be due to one class of molecules, termed Interleukin 2 (IL 2), with an apparent molecular weight of 30,000 daltons. A T cell lymphoma, LBRM 33 has been found to produce high titers of IL-2 activity upon mitogen stimulation. LBRM-derived IL-2 possesses similar chemical and biological properties to splenic-derived IL-2. The mode of action of IL-2 appears to be the clonal expansion of antigen- or mitogen-activated T cells. While mitogen activated LBRM cells secrete IL-2, which appears to exert helper T cell-replacing activity via the expansion of pre-T cells in nude spleens, mitogen-activated spleen cells appear to secrete both IL-2 and another class of T cell-replacing factor (TRF). These findings raise the question of whether there exist multiple classes of factors with TRF activity. The identification of these molecules may lead to an understanding of the mechanism that regulates the induction of antigen sensitive cells. PMID- 6975945 TI - Induction of an intracellular mitogenic messenger by epidermal growth factor. AB - This paper explores the pathway from nuclear quiescence to mitogenesis. It describes an in vitro assay for an activator of DNA replication induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in responsive cells. Cytoplasmic extracts from EGF treated 3T3 were found to contain substances that can stimulate DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei from spleen cells of adult frogs. Extracts from untreated resting 3T3 cells lack this activity, and EGF itself is incapable of stimulating, DNA synthesis in these cell-free systems. The extract-induced stimulation of 3H-dTTP incorporation into nuclear DNA is ATP-dependent and requires the presence of the 4 deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, suggesting the occurrence of replication rather than repair synthesis. This cell-free assay has been used to obtain some initial insights into the mechanism of induction and biochemical characterization of the intermediate in EGF action. Half-maximal induction of the active intracellular substance is achieved at about 0.08nM EGF, a concentration that correlates well with the concentration required for half-maximal mitogenesis. Studies on the biochemical characteristics of this active substance strongly suggest that the activity is associated with a protein. The activity is nondialyzable and sensitive to trypsin and heat. Sucrose-gradient centrifugation of the extract revealed 3 peaks of activity with molecular weights of 46,000, 110,000, and 270,000 daltons (sedimentation coefficients: 3 7S, 6.6S, and 12S, respectively). These results indicate that receptor-EGF interaction at the cell surface leads to the intracellular generation of proteins that are capable of stimulating quiescent nuclei into activity. PMID- 6975946 TI - Introduction to immunology. PMID- 6975947 TI - [Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and toxic effects of 3-substituted benzo-1,2,4 triazines]. PMID- 6975948 TI - Altered activities of hepatic and extrahepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase enzymes in diabetic and adrenalectomized diabetic rats. AB - Microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECD) activities were determined in liver, lung and intestine of control, streptozotocin(STZ)-diabetic, and diabetic-adrenalectomized male and female rats. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 content was also determined. The diabetic state reduced hepatic AHH activity and increased ECD activity in control male rats, and failed to do so in the adrenalectomized male rats. The diabetic state increased hepatic AHH and ECD activities in the control female rats, while in the adrenalectomized female rats the activities of both enzymes were decreased compared to the control diabetic rats. STZ-induced diabetes produced a decrease in pulmonary AHH and ECD activities and increased intestinal AHH and ECD activities in both sexes. The diabetic state in the adrenalectomized rats resulted in further reduction in pulmonary AHH and ECD activities in both sexes, but failed to increase the intestinal AHH activity only in the female rat. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 contents were increased in the female but not male adrenalectomized rats when treated with STZ. The effects of STZ-induced diabetes in adrenalectomized rats on AHH, ECD and hepatic cytochrome P-450 content in liver, lung and intestine depended upon sex of animal, substrate and tissue. PMID- 6975949 TI - Surgical management of complications of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6975950 TI - Prolonged paralysis, caused by the local injection of botulinum toxin, fails to cause motor nerve terminal sprouting in skeletal muscle of the frog. AB - Injection of a sublethal dose of botulinum toxin (type D) into the cutaneous pectoris muscle of the frog caused paralysis for about three months, but in contrast to previous studies in the mammal, did not appear to cause axonal sprouting from motor nerve terminals. In frogs in which the cutaneous pectoris had been denervated by crushing its nerve, reinnervation occurred within 2--3 weeks and axonal sprouts beyond the original end-plates were often observed. When the hypoglossal nerve was implanted into the cutaneus pectoris, crushing the original nerve caused profuse axonal growth from the implanted nerve towards the denervated end-plates within one week, whereas injection of botulinum toxin had little effect. Stimulation of the implanted nerve caused contraction of those cutaneus pectoris muscles whose original nerves had been crushed, but no response to stimulation of the implanted nerve was seen in those muscles in which botulinum toxin had been injected. The failure of botulinum toxin to induce nerve sprouting and acceptance of foreign innervation in the frog may be due to the fact that activity may play a less important role in the neural control of the physiological properties of muscle in this species than in the mammal. PMID- 6975951 TI - Left lower lobe atelectasis and consolidation following cardiac surgery: the effect of topical cooling on the phrenic nerve. AB - Retrospective and prospective analyses of chest radiographs of patients following coronary artery bypass surgery were undertaken. Left lower lobe pulmonary infiltrate and/or atelectasis developed in 13 of 40 (32.5%) patients who were operated upon without topical cooling of the heart with ice, and in 77 of 122 (63.1%) patients in one group and 34 of 40 (85.0%) patients in another group who were operated upon with topical cooling of the heart with ice. This difference was highly significant (p less than 0.001). Of the patients in one group in whom left lower lobe abnormality developed, 69.2% had paralysis or paresis of the left hemidiaphragm. It is evident that application of ice to the phrenic nerve can lead to temporary paralysis of the left of the diaphragm, with subsequent development of left lower lobe pulmonary infiltrate and/or atelectasis. PMID- 6975952 TI - Use of ultrasound to determine the orientation of the left ventricle. Preparation for tomography with the seven-pinhole collimator. PMID- 6975953 TI - Postembolic colonic infarction. AB - From a total of 23 cases from five hospitals, acute colonic mucosal necrosis developed in three patients following transcatheter embolotherapy for colonic hemorrhage. Although embolic therapy for lower gastrointestinal bleeding is associated with appreciable risk, these risks are less than those of emergency operation for hemorrhage. The alternative transcatheter therapeutic modality, vasopressin infusion, is often associated with continued or recurrent hemorrhage, is relatively contraindicated in patients with coronary disease, and produces numerous complications. Transcatheter embolotherapy is recommended for patients with colonic bleeding who have a contraindication to vasopressin administration, who are refractory to vasopressin, or who rebleed following treatment with vasopressin. PMID- 6975954 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the colon as a cause of lower digestive hemorrhage. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6975955 TI - [Angiography as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in hemorrhage of the lower digestive tract. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6975956 TI - [Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis]. PMID- 6975957 TI - [Perforation of the colon by compressed air]. PMID- 6975958 TI - Suppression of milk drinking by the combination of fluoxetine and L-5 hydroxytryptophan in rats. AB - Fluoxetine, an inhibitor of serotonin uptake, when given at 10 mg/kg i.p. enhanced the suppression of milk drinking in non-fasted rats by the serotonin precursor, L-5-hydroxytryptophan, at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg i.p. These findings support earlier evidence for a role of brain serotonin in the regulation of food intake. PMID- 6975959 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of extra-articular rheumatism]. PMID- 6975960 TI - [Epicondylalgias (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975961 TI - [Current developments in nuclear medicine. Handling of data]. PMID- 6975962 TI - [Coagulopathy associated with severe post-partum hemorrhages]. PMID- 6975964 TI - [Indications for coronary surgery in 1981]. PMID- 6975963 TI - [Angioma of the Gasserian ganglion. Morphological and histogenetic considerations on a case]. AB - A cavernous haemangioma of the Gasserian ganglion in a 37-year-old man is presented. It is the third reported case of cavernoma in this region, where infrequently tumors develop. Carotid angiogram shows a network of neoformed vessels in the middle cranial fossa. The hypotheses about the malformative origin of this tumor and the differential diagnosis toward other highly vascularized meningeal tumors are discussed. PMID- 6975965 TI - [Comparison of severity and native anti-DNA antibody levels in systemic lupus erythematosus. Serodiscordant lupus]. AB - The authors studied the clinicobiological correlations between the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and native anti-DNA antibody levels in 176 patients suffering from this disease. Certain patients were studied at different stages of their disease. This correlation was very close in one out of two cases and relative in one case out of four. In one-fourth of these patients, a significant and persistent discordance existed, and these patients were therefore studied apart. Certain SLE which have been suppressed over long periods of time continue to have elevated anti-DNA levels which are occasionally associated with lowered levels of complement. This has been previously reported in the literature. All decisions to modify corticosteroid treatment based only on biological data is therefore questionable. In contrast, in certain cases of SLE where the evolution of the disease is relatively severe, no anti-DNA or antinuclear antibodies are present. These "seronegative" SLE cases are proof that the "specific" biology of this disease may be erroneous for diagnosis as well as for prognosis. The authors review the possible or known causes for the absence of these antibodies in SLE. They believe that native anti-DNA levels are only of relative value in SLE and feel that these values must be examined with respect to clinical and other biological data in order to treat and survey patients affected with this disease. PMID- 6975966 TI - [T and B lymphocyte subpopulations with HLA-DR surface molecules in rheumatoid arthritis, using a monoclonal lymphocytotoxic antibody. Poorly and highly developed rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - The T and B lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a monoclonal anti I-E/CK antibody produced by cell hybridation. This antibody recognized HLA-DR "cross-reactive" molecules on the lymphocytes it attacked. The percentage of T cells which were HLA-DR positive was not significantly raised. Taking into account the fall in the T lymphocytes seen in the course of rheumatoid arthritis, the proportion of this sub-population does not seem to be altered when taking the overall picture into account. Similarly the B lymphocytes do not seem to be significantly altered. Nevertheless the heterogeneity of the levels found in all the DR positive sub-populations allows us to suppose that rheumatoid arthritis as we recognize it contains immunologically distinct entities. PMID- 6975967 TI - The action of epinephrine on perfused rabbit liver. Influence of pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine. PMID- 6975968 TI - [The activity of the reticuloendothelial system after irradiation and the effect of endotoxin - a contribution to the etiopathogenesis of the radiation syndrome]. PMID- 6975969 TI - Ocular microtremor and the level of vigilance. PMID- 6975970 TI - Cellular immunity in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6975971 TI - Pituitary gonadotropin hormones n physiology and pathology of the postmenopause. PMID- 6975972 TI - Functional and biochemical responses of children with progressive muscular dystrophy on standard physical exertion. PMID- 6975973 TI - Cellular expression of the non-HLA-DR B-cell antigen 7420: studies on non lymphoid cells and on lymphocytes from different species. AB - We recently reported on a heterologous antiserum (antiserum 7420), raised against chronic lymphocytic leukaemic lymphocytes, that reacts with B-lymphocyte antigen(s) different from known B-cell markers such as HLA-DR (Ia-like) antigens, surface immunoglobulin, and the Fc receptor. This antiserum is now shown to react also with a C3-receptor-positive population of lymphocytes from the dog, monkey, ox and sheep but not from rodents and avians. The antiserum does not react with the non-lymphoid human cells mature granulocytes, thrombocytes, erythrocytes, or spermatozoa, nor with the cultured cell lines tested, i.e. fibroblasts, melanoma cells, HeLa cells and green monkey kidney cells. This reactivity pattern differs somewhat from that reported for HLA-DR antiserum. The antigen(s) defined by the 7420 antiserum and the C3 receptor are different, since they redistribute independently on the lymphocyte surface. PMID- 6975974 TI - Anti-self receptors. III. Lack of allelic exclusion and thymic epithelium dependence of H-2L-region-restricted receptors on lymphocytes. AB - Murine thymocytes and peripheral lymphocytes bind autologous erythrocytes via H 2L-region-restricted receptors. After inhibiting autorosetting with different erythrocyte sonicates the specificity of these anti-self receptors was examined in F1 hybrid and chimaeric mice. Most F1 lymphocytes simultaneously expressed receptors against both parental haplotypes. Furthermore, analysis of lymphocytes from allogeneic and semi-allogeneic chimaeras clearly demonstrated that radioresistant elements in the recipient thymus did not modify the haplotype specificity of the receptors on donor-derived lymphocytes. PMID- 6975976 TI - Neonatal meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type c. AB - Haemophilus influenzae type c was isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid in a 3-day-old fullterm boy with clinical signs of serious infection. Ampicillin, cloxacillin and gentamicin were instituted initially. After 3 days of therapy the child developed a hemiparesis. Treatment was changed to chloramphenicol and the baby improved. The implications of H. influenzae serotype c as a possible pathogen, early diagnostic procedures and therapeutic problems are discussed. PMID- 6975975 TI - T-cell subset analysis by monoclonal antibodies in primary immunodeficiencies. AB - T-cell subsets have been analysed in 23 cases of primary immunodeficiency with monoclonal antibodies. Functional assays investigating T-cell function- proliferative response to mitogens, antigens, and allogeneic cells, cytotoxicity generated against allogeneic target cells and helper function to pokeweek mitogen induced immunoglobulin synthesis--were performed in parallel in the same patients. The results enabled us to delineate four groups of patients. The first group consisted of patients in whom marker and function studies show concordant data, with either normal or strongly decreased T-cell number and function. The second group consisted of patients in whom various degrees of functional abnormality coexist with subnormal T-cell number and increased suppressor T-cell proportion. In the third group, we collected all patients who showed functional deficiencies without marker abnormalities. Finally, there was a small group composed of patients whose T-cell pattern was strongly suggestive of abnormal differentiation. PMID- 6975977 TI - [Effect of insulin on DNA synthesis in the liver of rats refed after starvation]. PMID- 6975978 TI - [Toxic effects and pharmacokinetics of cardiac glycosides in mice with experimental radiation disease]. PMID- 6975979 TI - [T-lymphocyte determination using the rosette test with AET stabilized erythrocytes]. PMID- 6975980 TI - [Polyethylene glycol induced fusion of L cells (a microcinematography study)]. PMID- 6975981 TI - [Resorption of pelentan (tromexan) in relationship to age and sex]. PMID- 6975982 TI - [The significance of superoxide dismutase in the development of the post irradiation syndrome. II. Determination of superoxide dismutase activity in rat tissues]. PMID- 6975983 TI - [The significance of superoxide dismutase in the development of the post irradiation syndrome. III. Superoxide dismutase activity in the liver and bone marrow of irradiated rats]. PMID- 6975984 TI - [The significance of superoxide dismutase in the development of the post irradiation syndrome. IV. Superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes of irradiated rats and dogs]. PMID- 6975985 TI - [Variation in individual visually evoked potentials in man]. PMID- 6975986 TI - [Modern gonorrhea therapy]. PMID- 6975987 TI - [Iron therapy in patients in the chronic intermittent hemodialysis program (CHIHP)]. PMID- 6975988 TI - [Treatment of the anovulatory cycle]. PMID- 6975989 TI - [Long term study of choroid ruptures]. PMID- 6975990 TI - [The significance of superoxide dismutase in the development of the post irradiation syndrome. V. The effect of cystamine on superoxide dismutase activity in the bone marrow of irradiated and non-irradiated rats]. PMID- 6975991 TI - [The significance of superoxide dismutase in the development of th post irradiation syndrome. VI. The effect of cystamine on superoxide dismutase activity in the erythrocytes of irradiated and non-irradiated rats]. PMID- 6975992 TI - [Classification of acute leukemias by surface markers and correlation with the morphological diagnosis. Results of 111 cases]. AB - 111 patients with acute leukemia, including 29 children, were classified according to the surface markers and cytochemistry of their blasts. The acute leukemias were separated into two majors groups (lymphoid and non-lymphoid) depending on the presence or absence of specific lymphoid markers. On the basis of these criteria a correlation of 94% with the hematological diagnosis was obtained. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was divisible into three sub-groups: 11 cases expressing T-cell specific markers were classified as T-ALL and 33 cases expressing the common ALL antigen (CALLA) as c-ALL. 18 of the latter expressed an additional marker, DSA (Daudi surface antigen), splitting c-ALL cases in two subgroups. Cytochemistry of the cases lacking specific surface markers (n = 67) served to diagnose 41 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and 8 monoblastic leukemias. The remaining 18 cases could not be classified. The presence of absence of HLD-DR (Ia) antigens served to subdivide AML into two major subgroups. The prognostic significance of these new diagnostic splits is under active study. PMID- 6975993 TI - [Prognostic value of T-cell markers in juvenile acute lymphatic leukemia]. AB - Of 58 children with acute lymphatic leukemia who had undergone marker studies of blasts, only 6 (10%) had greater than 30 E+ blasts. Of these, 5 had a high WBC and organomegaly, but only 2 suffered a fatal course. Two more have been in CCR for over 5 years despite other risk factors. Patients with less than 30% E+ cells did not differ from common ALL patients clinically or in their response to treatment. However, 3 older children with Hp-positive but E negative blasts had a very high WBC and died without having remission. Only standardized marker studies, treatment and follow-up of a large series of ALL patients will show the importance to be attached to these and other T-cell markers compared with the better-known clinical and hematologic risk factors. PMID- 6975994 TI - [Determination of leukemic B-lymphoma cells with the monoclonal antibody anti-Y 29/55]. AB - The monoclonal antibody anti-Y 29/55 recognizes a group specific antigen on sessile human B-lymphocytes which do not belong to the recirculating lymphocyte pool. The occurrence of this antigen in malignant NHL, with or without leukemic state, and in other leukemias has been studied. The antigen was expressed on cells of various histologic B-cell types but not on leukemic cells of ALL, T lymphoma, AML or CML. It is concluded that in malignant B-lymphoma, B-CLL and HCL, cells appearing in blood carry a marker characteristic of virgin or activated sessile B-lymphocytes. Anti-Y 29/55 permits differentiation of such cells from normal recirculating B-cells and other leukemic cells including ALL, AML and CML. In follow-up studies this antibody may be helpful in detecting early leukemic output. B-lymphocytic leukemia may reflect a disproportion between binding sites on the lymphatic reticulum and the neoplastic cells bearing this antigen, which might be involved in binding of B-lymphocytes to the supporting lymphatic reticulum. PMID- 6975995 TI - [Early results of percutaneous transluminal coronary vessel dilatation in single vessel disease. Comparison with drug treated or surgically treated patients, retrospective for dilatation suited patients]. AB - The shortterm results (mean follow-up 0.9 years) in 61 patients with single vessel disease (1-VD) who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were compared with those in 33 patients with 1-VD treated medically and in 36 patients with 1-VD treated by bypass surgery. All medically and surgically treated patients had coronary artery stenoses which were classified in a retrospective analysis as suitable for PTCA. Initially there were no significant differences between the three groups with respect to functional impairment (NYHA class), incidence of prior myocardial infarction, left ventricular ejection fraction and localization of the coronary stenoses. Comparison of follow-up results at the end of the first year showed (1) that the NYHA class was reduced to a similar extent both in patients treated surgically and in those treated by PTCA, (2) that the NYHA class in the medically treated group was significantly greater than in the other two groups, and (3), that there was no difference among the three groups with respect to infarct and mortality rate. PMID- 6975996 TI - [The left ventricular function in bicycle ergometric stress before and after aortocoronary bypass surgery]. AB - Biplane left ventricular cineangiograms and pressure measurements were performed in 44 patients with coronary heart disease at rest and during submaximal or symptom-limited supine bicycle exercise before and 7 +/- 3 months after bypass surgery. Revascularization was complete in 12 (group 1) and incomplete in 32 patients (group II). Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was within normal limits at rest and declined during exercise in both groups (group I from 59 to 51%, p less than 0.01; group II from 61 to 48%, p less than 0.001). Postoperative EF at rest was nearly identical to preoperative EF in both groups and remained unchanged during exercise (group I from 65 to 63%; group II from 58 to 56%). Peak systolic pressure to end-systolic volume index ratio (LVSP/ESVI in mm Hg/ml . m-2) also decreased during exercise in both groups peroperatively (group I from 3.7 to 3.2 [n.s.]; group Ii from 3.4 to 2.6, p less than 0.005). Postoperative LVSP/ESVI at rest was again unchanged as compared to preoperative LVSP/ESVI. During exercise, however, it increased in both groups, reaching higher values in group I than in group II (5.1 vs. 3.7, p less than 0.05). Whereas both parameters indicate improvement of global left ventricular function following surgery, LVSP/ESVI also suggests more marked recovery of function in patients with complete revascularization than in those where revascularization is incomplete. PMID- 6975997 TI - [Improved flow through aortocoronary venous bypasses after anticoagulant therapy. A prospective randomized study]. AB - To evaluate the effect of oral anticoagulant therapy on graft patency rate during the first 2 months after bypass surgery 174 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with phenprocoumon (89) or to a control group (85) starting on day 7 after bypass surgery. Until day 7 all patients received low dose heparin. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age, sex distribution, number of vessels diseased, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure, preoperative exercise tolerance or number of grafts constructed per patient. All patients underwent angiographic evaluation 8 weeks after bypass surgery. Graft patency rate was 90.4% in the treatment group versus 83.6% in the control group (p less than 0.015). None of the grafts with a flow rate of greater than 90 ml/min was occluded 8 weeks after surgery. Oral anticoagulation improved the patency rate of grafts with a flow of less then 90 ml/min. PMID- 6975998 TI - [A mathematical model for vestibulo-ocular reflex (author's transl)]. PMID- 6975999 TI - Intracranial self-stimulation in 3-day-old rat pups. AB - Three-day-old rat pups with electrodes directed at the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the lateral hypothalamic area were trained to push a paddle to receive electrical brain stimulation. Pups receiving stimulation that was contingent on lifting the paddle responded more frequently than did control pups and also learned a two-choice spatial discrimination task that was rewarded with brain stimulation. The experiments indicate that a neural substrate in the area of the medial forebrain bundle is involved in the central mediation of reinforcement in the rat pup. PMID- 6976000 TI - [Colonic diverticulosis and its complications]. PMID- 6976001 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity to human myocardial proteins in rheumatism]. PMID- 6976002 TI - [Hemosorption in the therapy of autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6976003 TI - [Treatment of scoliosis]. PMID- 6976005 TI - [Experimental studies on the induction of anti-ds-DNA antibody and lupus nephritis-like lesions in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976004 TI - [Inflammatory diseases of the large intestine]. PMID- 6976006 TI - [Gastrointestinal manifestations of rheumatic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976007 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma: a decade of experience. PMID- 6976008 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for primary osteogenic sarcoma. PMID- 6976009 TI - A comparative study of the use of fluorescein and the Doppler device in the determination of intestinal viability. AB - Fluorescein is a reliable indicator of mucosal viability in dogs. This fact is probably applicable to humans. The Doppler device was not a reliable predictor of intestinal nonviability, and in the instance of mesenteric venous occlusion, with ischemic intestine, it was totally inaccurate in assessing intestinal viability. Short segments of intestine failing to take up fluorescein stain will retain viability, owing to the lesser nutrient requirements of resting smooth muscle. However, segments should not be used for anastomoses, since the mucosa will, to some degree be ischemic. PMID- 6976010 TI - Prevalence and distribution of gingivitis-periodontitis in children and adolescents. Epidemiological data as a base for risk group selection. AB - The aim of the present study is to analyze the prevalence and distribution of gingivitis and periodontitis in children and adolescents and thereby try to find guidelines for developing preventive programmes and selection of risk individuals. Gingival and periodontal data from 500 children, 100 children in each of the following age groups, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years, constituted the material. About 50 per cent of the 3-year-olds and more or less all the children in the older age groups had visible plaque. The corresponding figures concerning gingival inflammation were 35 per cent of the 3-year-olds and 65 - 97 per cent of the older children and the adolescents. Pathologically deepend pockets were found in 17 per cent in the 15-year-olds and in 21 per cent in the 20-year-olds. Four individuals in the 15- and 20-year old groups showed clear signs of periodontitis. When the distribution of gingival inflammation and periodontal disease within the respective age groups was studied it was frequently found that a small number of children showed pronounud symptoms of disease. When the distribution of gingival inflammation within the dentition was analyzed it was found that in the primary dentition the highest prevalence of gingivitis was found at the lingual surfaces of the lower molars and the buccal surfaces of the upper molars. In the permanent dentition the highest prevalence of gingivitis was found on the molars of the upper and lower jaw. The prevalence of gingivitis increased on the proximal surfaces with increasing age. Concerning pathologically deepend pockets the occurrence in the 15-20-year-olds was restricted to the mesial surface of the first permanent molars. PMID- 6976011 TI - [A case report of acute bleeding in the oral cavity due to a hematological disorder]. PMID- 6976012 TI - [Clinical effect and changes in the indices of immune reactivity in patients with protracted pneumonia treated with levamisole]. PMID- 6976013 TI - [Use of calcium preparations in complex therapy of salmonellosis and acute dysentery]. PMID- 6976015 TI - Circulating immune complexes in tuberculosis. AB - Using a polyethylene glycol precipitation method, immune complexes were detected in 56% of patients with active tuberculosis. After antituberculous treatment, 29% remained positive for immune complexes, a frequency similar to that in a group of racially matched clinic controls (35%). In a study of 17 patients whose immune complex levels were determined soon after diagnosis and again when the therapy had ceased, there was a significant decrease in complexed IgM and Clq. Sequential studies of immune complex levels in tuberculosis merit further investigation, their persistence may indicate the continued presence of antigens, and their disappearance from the circulation may be a guide to successful treatment. PMID- 6976014 TI - Use of exercise tests in assessment of the functional result of aortocoronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6976016 TI - Activated factor IX complex in treatment of surgical cases of hemophilia A with inhibitors. AB - Three patients with severe hemophilia A with inhibitors to factor VIII were treated with activated factor IX complex. Bleeding was controlled adequately during surgical procedures involving each of the three. Partial thromboplastin times showed a variable shortening and prothrombin times were significantly shortened to values less than normal. Hemostasis was substantiated by the use of epsilon aminocaproic acid. Neither anamnestic responses nor thrombotic complications were observed. A transient hypertension developed in two patients shortly after infusion with the activated factor IX complex. PMID- 6976017 TI - Effects of various agents on ristocetin-Willebrand factor activity in long-term cultures of von Willebrand and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PMID- 6976019 TI - Tissue solidification in coping with digestive tract bleeding: hemostatic effect of local injection of 99.5% ethanol. AB - Tatsuka et al. reported a local injection of 95% ethanol as a new endoscopic treatment of gastric protuberant lesions. In this method, the present author discovered that 99.5% ethanol injection has an excellent hemostatic effect. The author injected 99.5% ethanol into the cut-end of the stalk of 7 massively hemorrhaged cases encountered while performing double snare polypectomy. In all cases, the hemorrhage stopped within 5 or 15 min. In 9 patients with hemorrhagic gastric or duodenal ulcer who were judged at emergency endoscopic examination as needing some hemostatic treatment, an injection of 99.5% ethanol into the bleeding site achieved a satisfactory hemostasis in all of them. Ethanol injection into the surrounding tissue close to the bleeding vessels, a few injecting sites selected usually at 1 to 2 mm away from the bleeding vessels, 0.1 to 0.2 ml a time, could instantly suppress even the pulsatile bleeding with no hazards. If this method is used carefully with endoscopic skill, this should become the first choice for the gastro-intestinal hemorrhage except varices. PMID- 6976018 TI - Synergism and gene dose effect in HLA-DR serology. AB - By mixing HLA-DR antisera of different specificities and testing them against B lymphocytes carrying the corresponding antigens, a synergistic action of HLA-DR antibodies was revealed. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that HLA-DR and HLA-ABC antibodies may act synergistically against appropriate B cells. HLA-DR homozygous B lymphocytes were found to react more strongly with HLA-DR specific antisera than heterozygous cells, thus revealing a gene dose effect in HLA-DR serology. ABO antibodies were found not to react against B lymphocytes, either alone nor in concert with HLA-DR antisera. The practical implications of synergism and gene dose effect in HLA-DR serology are discussed. PMID- 6976020 TI - Changes in lymphocytes as an early sign of relapse in adult acute leukemia. AB - This study was undertaken to find out some clue to detect early relapse of adult acute leukemia which had been in remission. Laboratory data such as LDH, erythrocyte sedimentation, or immunoglobulin level did not show any difference at the time of relapse from the remission period. Complete blood count with reticulocyte count was evaluated every two weeks retrospectively for 12 weeks before relapse. No significant change was observed at the time of relapse. However, both the percentage and absolute number of peripheral lymphocytes significantly increased, whereas percentages of both T and B cells markedly decreased at the time of relapse, suggesting some derangement of lymphocyte function. Results in bone marrow culture did not yield any remarkable difference. It was suggested from this study that it is the time of prerelapse of adult acute leukemia when lymphocytes show an increase in either percentage or absolute number in the patients who are followed under their maintenance therapy schedule. PMID- 6976022 TI - Reversal of focal "misery-perfusion syndrome" by extra-intracranial arterial bypass in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. A case study with 15O positron emission tomography. AB - Tomographic images of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) using the 15O continuous inhalation technique, and positron emission tomography, were obtained from a patient with cerebral ischemia distal to an occluded left internal carotid artery. There was a focal mismatch between CBF and oxygen metabolism in the brain supplied by the middle cerebral artery where CBF was decreased and OEF increased ("misery-perfusion syndrome" as opposed to "luxury-perfusion syndrome"). These abnormalities were most marked in the parieto occipital watershed area. After left superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery anastomosis, the clinical attacks ceased and a repeat study did not demonstrate the previous CBF and OEF abnormalities. This suggests that this pattern of abnormalities indicates potential viable tissue. The concept of "misery-perfusion" may be of some importance in the pathophysiological mechanisms of hemodynamic cerebral ischemia and serve as a rational basis for revascularization procedures. PMID- 6976021 TI - Mapping local blood flow of human brain by CT scanning during stable xenon inhalation. AB - Non-invasive methods are described for estimating local cerebral blood flows (LCBF) and partition coefficients (L lambda) during inhalation of 35% stable xenon gas (Xes) in oxygen during CT scanning. After denitrogenation by 100% oxygen breathing, 35% Xes is breathed for 7-8 minutes to minimize subanesthetic effects. Mean changes in brain Hounsfield units extrapolated to 15 minutes were 7.7 units for white matter and 5.3 units for gray matter. They were measured from volumes 80 cubic mm (10 mm2 area x 8 mm), or larger with an EMI 1010 scanner at 1 minute intervals. These data were used for computing LCBFs and L lambdas. Irradiation measured at the center of brain slices was 1 rad per minute. To calculate L lambdas about 6 exposures are necessary, thereafter, each 1 minute scan provides LCBF measurements for 2 adjacent 8 mm slices. Reproducibility for LCBF was r = 0.85 (P less 0.001). Mean L lambdas were 0.86 +/- 0.08 for gray and 1.34 +/- 0.10 for white matter. Normative mean flows (mls/100 g brain/min) were: basal ganglia = 79.6 +/- 9.3, cortex = 82.3 +/- 8.5, white matter = 29.2 +/- 5.9, midbrain tegmentum = 94.3 +/- 14.8, cerebellar cortex = 80.1 +/- 10.9, dorsal pons = 89.3 +/- 4.7, brachium pontis = 35.0 +/- 4.2. Subject finger exercises produced increases of LCBF in contralateral pre-central and post-central gyri. Eye closure decreased flow values limited to the visual system. Gray matter flow values diffusely decreased in non-REM sleep but increased above normal in REM sleep. Cerebral infarction and hemorrhage resulted in zones of zero flow with borders having reduced lambdas and low flows attributed to edema. PMID- 6976023 TI - The effect of calf thymus extract (TFX) on human and mouse hemopoiesis. AB - The in vitro and in vivo effects of calf thymus extract (TFX) on mouse and human hemopoiesis were studied. TFX enhanced the growth of mouse T- and B-lymphocyte colonies when given in vitro and in vivo; in humans it increased the low colony formation typical for some blood donors failing to act on lymphocytes of high responders. TFX markedly stimulated colony-stimulating factor (CSF) production by human leukocytes presumably influencing the interactions between monocytes and lymphocytes. Although TFX did not affect the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitors of bone marrow and peripheral blood, it strongly stimulated myelopoiesis in mouse and human spleen. PMID- 6976024 TI - Cytochemical study in human lymphocyte subpopulations as defined by Fc receptors. AB - Three subpopulations of human T lymphocytes (TG, TM, and Tnon-G/non-M cells) were evaluated by means of six different cytochemical reactions. Elevated staining activity was demonstrated in all the populations when stained for acid phosphatase (AcP), beta-glucuronidase (BG) and N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase (NABG). While the majority of TM cells displayed an intense acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positivity, only a smaller proportion of the Tnon-G/non-M exhibited a positive reaction and a much lower activity was found in the TG group. TM cells were also alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (NAE)-and alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase (NBE)-positive, showing a dot-like pattern. These reactions were present in a lower proportion in the Tnon-G/non-M population and nearly completely absent in the TG cells. The present study identifies different cytochemical phenotypes for the different T-lymphocyte subsets and the analysis of these phenotypes may indicate that the TM is the most cytochemically differentiated subpopulation. PMID- 6976025 TI - Non-histone chromatin proteins in human thymocytes and T lymphocytes from blood. AB - The composition of nuclear proteins from human thymocytes and T lymphocytes from peripheral blood was analyzed. Total thymocytes and total peripheral blood T lymphocytes differed markedly in non-histone chromatin proteins (both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated), but did not differ in histones. When the cells were separated according to density, T-lymphocyte fractions with a close specific gravity showed restricted differences in non-histone chromatin patterns. PMID- 6976026 TI - Binding of surface IgG by immunocompetent thymus cells. AB - We have previously shown that myeloma-derived or serum-derived immunoglobulin could facilitate in vitro alloantigen recognition by immunocompetent thymus cells ('subset-I thymocytes'). The present report demonstrates the isolation of surface immunoglobulins from radiolabeled splenic B lymphocytes. Solubilized radiolabeled preparations of surface immunoglobulin are shown to bind in vitro to lymphoid cells, especially to immunocompetent thymus cells. Immunocompetent thymus cells (subset-I thymocytes preferentially bind more IgG than IgM. Papain digests of IgG are also bound by subset-I thymocytes; preferential binding of the Fc piece is observed. Although the binding of IgG or its pieces per se does not activate lymphoid cells in vitro a role for the binding of IgG during alloantigen recognition in vitro between immunocompetent thymus cells is demonstrated. PMID- 6976027 TI - Study of rat lymphocytes by use of peanut agglutinin. AB - Peanut agglutinin (PNA) was used to identify rat lymphocyte subpopulations. The binding of PNA on the surface of lymphocytes was assessed by fluorescence microscopy using fluoresceinated PNA. It was shown that most of the thymocytes and bone marrow cells have receptors for PNA; in spleen and lymph nodes the percentages of PNA-positive cells are around 40%. PNA was also used as a potentially mitogenic lectin. It was ascertained that lymphocytes incubated with PNA are stimulated only if they are pretreated with neuraminidase, and that only 'immunocompetent' thymocytes exhibit a very weak response. The fact that PNA slightly inhibits the [3H]uridine uptake of resting thymocytes might explain the weak mitogenicity of PNA. PMID- 6976028 TI - Chemical and biological properties of a thymocyte specific growth factor from calf thymus. AB - From an acetone precipitate of bovine thymus a factor was isolated which stimulated the proliferation of thymocytes in vitro, without affecting growth of peripheral lymphocytes, bone marrow or liver cells. The stimulating material was purified by ultrafiltration, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and semipreparative thin-layer chromatography. The activity resided in an acidic, hydrophilic low molecular weight molecule, apparently devoid of reactive amino groups. The effect was abolished by acidic hydrolysis but resisted treatment with DNase, RNase and trypsin. The effect was independent of serum and choice of culture medium. A mean increase of [3H]thymidine incorporation of 64% (range 47- 101%) was obtained in thymic cells after 5 h of culture. The effect was dose dependent and declined after 10 h. The mitotic activity increased correspondingly. A possible role of the factor in the regulation of proliferation in the thymus in vivo is suggested. The early kinetics of spontaneously proliferating thymocytes in cultures is discussed and compared to the intense growth and cell death in the thymus in vitro. PMID- 6976029 TI - Management of pain of rheumatologic origin in the head and neck. PMID- 6976030 TI - Plasma protein fraction. Product improvement studies. AB - The vasodilative effects associated with the use of sodium acetate have been reported in the literature. Preparations of plasma protein fraction (PPF) substantially free of this vasodilator were developed. This paper presents and discusses experimental work on the improved product. PMID- 6976031 TI - [Vestibular-vascular reactions in internal ear dysfunction]. PMID- 6976032 TI - Hematologic techniques. PMID- 6976033 TI - Anemias associated with blood loss and hemolysis. PMID- 6976034 TI - Bone marrow cytology as an aid to diagnosis. PMID- 6976035 TI - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in dogs and cats. AB - As improved diagnostic reagents become available, greater diagnostic accuracy can be expected. After a thorough clinical and laboratory examination, intensive therapy must be started immediately and maintained until clinical remission is achieved. An effort must be made to determine the existence of associated disease states and to institute appropriate treatment. Prognosis is guarded when AIHA is accompanied by severe hepatic and renal diseases, especially in the older animal. Prognosis is more guarded when AIHA is associated with either AITP or SLE. Remissions are to be expected and necessitate continual laboratory examinations and prolonged therapy. With care and tenacity, careful management can provide long-term benefits to the patient. PMID- 6976037 TI - Segregation of vitamin A1 and vitamin A2 cone pigments in the bullfrog retina. PMID- 6976036 TI - Autoimmune thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats. AB - Autoimmune thrombocytopenia has been recognized as a distinct entity in the dog and cat. It is characterized by: (1) clinical signs of thrombocytopenia, such as hemorrhages into the skin and tissues and from body orifices, (2) coagulation defects related to thrombocytopenia, such as prolonged bleeding time and poor clot retraction, (3) hematologic changes such as severe to moderate thrombocytopenia, often blood loss anemia, and signs of increased erythropoiesis, and (4) an absence or decreased number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow during early phase and increased number during compensatory phase. Megakaryocytes may also show morphologic abnormalities. Serologic diagnosis of AITP in the dog and cat currently involves demonstration of antiplatelet antibody in serum by PF 3 test and/or associated with marrow megakaryocytes by a technique of direct immunofluorescence. Circumstances leading to formation of antiplatelet antibody remain unknown. Immune-mediated platelet destruction is believed to occur in the reticuloendothelial system, primarily in the spleen. Treatment consists primarily of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Dogs with primary AITP generally respond favorably to such therapy. PMID- 6976038 TI - New test for the detection of tritan defects evaluated in two surveys. PMID- 6976039 TI - Foveal tritanopia. PMID- 6976040 TI - Polynomial expressions of pigment nomograms. PMID- 6976041 TI - [Complicated forms of colonic cancer]. PMID- 6976042 TI - [Surgical procedure in the complications of nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6976043 TI - [Cytological and immunological characteristics of synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6976044 TI - [Severe course of primary rheumatism in a child]. PMID- 6976045 TI - [Problems and methods of ambulatory care of the patients with rheumatism in Poland]. PMID- 6976046 TI - [New pathogenetic aspects of rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Inflammatory changes in the epiphyseal bones in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are demonstrated which correspond to changes in the bone organ far from pannus. They may be the cause for the demineralisation near to joint (first x-ray sign to rheumatoid arthritis). Further from the analysis of immune complexes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis apart from rheumatoid and antinuclear factors and IgM-antibody against plasma membranes was the result. These two findings are new in the description of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Their possible importance for the development of the arthrosis is discussed. PMID- 6976047 TI - [Lymphocyte surface markers during treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas]. PMID- 6976048 TI - Changes in somatotypes during 4 to 20 years in Gaddi Rajput boys. PMID- 6976049 TI - [Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of transitional (presystemic) forms of lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6976050 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of certain pharmacologic agents on the activity of the "punishment" system]. AB - The influence of serotonin-, cholin- and GABAergic drugs on the "punishment" system has been investigated on albino rats. Fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) and citalopram (20 mg/kg) prolonged the latency of escape (EL) from central aversive brain stimulation, while thresholds of pose shifts (PS) and movement initiation (MI) under stimulation of the same medial hypothalamus sites remained unchanged. Muscimol (2 mg/kg) and physostigmine (0,5 mg/kg) + methylatropine (1 mg/kg) increased both EL and threshold of PS and MI. In a conflict situation all the drugs either failed to produce a disinhibitory effect or even enhanced behaviour suppression; at the same time, however, the manifestations of emotional tension (emotional, reactivity, defecation) decreased. It is suggested that activation of serotonin-, cholin- and GABAergic processes decreases the functioning of both perceptive and emotional components of the punishment system. PMID- 6976051 TI - [Immunologic studies in children with kidney disease]. PMID- 6976052 TI - Provocation experiment: Pneumocystis carinii in several kinds of animals. AB - Provocation experiments of P. carinii in several kinds of laboratory animals were carried out in an animal house where P. carinii of rat strain had been maintained for several years. The organism propagated in cortisone treated rats, rabbits and mice without difficulty as reported by some authors in the past. The organism also propagated in the lungs of rats which had been bred with protein free diet. The present paper first indicates that guinea pig is susceptible to P. carinii. On the other hand, it becomes evident by repeated experiments, that golden hamster seems to be non-susceptible to P. carinii of rat strain even if enough dose of corticosteroid hormones is given. The presence of non-susceptible animal to a certain strain of P carinii is quite interesting from an epidemiological point of view. PMID- 6976053 TI - [Effect of sinusoidally modulated currents on the dynamics of echoencephalographic indices in children with cerebral palsy and dysarthrias]. AB - The echo-encephalographic parameters and their changes induced by sinusoidal modulated currents applied to the external muscles of the tongue and the neck are analysed in 57 children with infantile cerebral paralysis (ICP) and dysarthrias. In these children, the indices of the cerebral and ventricular mantel were found to be increased and differing considerably from the respective indices of control children. This was considered to be an evidence of greater content of cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebral ventricles in the children with ICP. In the course of treating these children with sinusoidal modulated currents a tendency to normalization of the echo-encephalographic parameters and an improvement of the functional potentialities of the paretic muscles were noted. This is favourable for subsequent logopedic training of the children. PMID- 6976054 TI - [Effect of medical treatment on the antithymic activity of schizophrenic patients' serum]. AB - In 16 schizophrenic patients treated with aminazin changes of the serum antithymic activity (ATA) were studied in relation to the drug pharmacokinetics and peculiarities of the patients' psychic status. It was found that in a part of the patients the serum ATA level sharply fell immediately after the treatment onset; the psychopathological disturbances in these patients were reduced, and the patients developed remissions of a good quality. In another part of the patients the high serum ATA remained unchanged throughout the whole observation period. These patients were resistant to the drug therapy and had pronounced schizophrenic defects in their status. PMID- 6976055 TI - [Transformation of type T lymphoma into type B lymphoma]. AB - A 45-year-old woman with T-cell lymphoma is reported. Enlargement of the peripheral lymph nodes was not observed. Splenectomy was performed for hypersplenism and during the operation the mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymph nodes were found to be greatly enlarged. Three years after the diagnosis of lymphoma malabsorption syndrome developed. After 5 years sudden clinical deterioration appeared, with loss of reaction to effective treatment given as yet. Conversion of the predominating lymphocyte subpopulation from T to B cells was observed owing to repeatedly done monitoring of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The pattern of the newly developed lymphoma was that of a highly malignant B-cell proliferation. The possible mechanisms of the conversion discussed by the authors include: simultaneous proliferation of B and T populations of lymphocytes, B-cell lymphoma induction by chemotherapy, and infection by Epstein-Barr virus. PMID- 6976057 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy in the management of intraocular inflammation. AB - To evaluate the role of pars plana vitrectomy in the management of intraocular inflammation with dense vitreous opacification, vitrectomy was performed in 14 patients with chronic uveitis, 6 eyes with retinal periphlebitis, and in 8 cases of endophthalmitis. Visual acuity improved in 21 eyes, remained unchanged in 3, and deteriorated in 4 cases (follow-up period 2 months to 3 years). Pre-existing retinal damage such as cystoid macular oedema or degeneration restricted final visual acuity. In most eyes inflammation (aqueous flare and cells) diminished, except in hypotonic eyes with chronic iridocyclitis, which also gained little in vision. The results indicate that vitrectomy is valuable in the treatment of chronic uveitis with vitreous opacification due to cellular invasion and membrane formation, in periphlebitis with vitreous hemorrhages, and in endophthalmitis. PMID- 6976056 TI - Lysozyme, alfa-1-antitrypsin and serum albumin in tear fluid of timolol treated glaucoma patients with and without symptoms of dry eyes. AB - Determination of tear lysozyme, alfa-1-antitrypsin and serum albumin was performed in the tear fluid of 24 glaucoma patients on maintenance treatment with timolol. In 7 patients with symptoms of dry eye decreased levels of tear lysozyme and increased levels of alfa-1-antitrypsin and serum albumin were disclosed in contrast to 17 timolol treated patients without dry eyes and to healthy controls. The timolol treated patients with ocular dryness also showed hyperosmolality of tear fluid, abnormal corneal staining with rose bengal and decreased break-up time and Schirmer-I-test. It is concluded that decreased concentration of tear lysozyme in glaucoma patients on topical treatment with timolol may indicate some impairment of the tear gland function provoked by the treatment. PMID- 6976059 TI - Vestibular and cochlear responses to acoustic transients. Some properties of whole-nerve action potentials in pigeons. AB - In a previous paper attention was drawn to the possibility of introducing the labyrinth as an organ for sound perception. Behavioural responses of the guinea pig as well as electrophysiological results in the pigeon indicated that fenestration of the labyrinth might be an alternative to cochlear implants. In this paper gross electrode electrophysiological responses to transient acoustic stimuli in the pigeon are further analysed and the influence of fenestration of the lateral canal and cochlea extirpation upon these responses was studied. The vestibular AP generated by sound stimuli could, among other things, be distinguished from the cochlear AP by its shorter latency. The dynamic range of this vestibular AP is at least 30 dB. The largest vestibular responses were obtained for stimulus frequencies below about 1.5 kHz. A simple hydromechanical model to explain the observed responses is discussed. PMID- 6976058 TI - Vestibular investigations in Meniere's disease. AB - 151 patients with unilateral Meniere's disease were investigated with a vestibular test battery in the interval between vertigo attacks, and the results were compared with those obtained in a control group. In 73.5% of the patients a caloric response reduction of the afflicted ear was observed. The mean caloric response reduction was 34.3%; a major response reduction or a total absence of the caloric response of the afflicted ear was rare. A correlation was found between the amount of caloric response reduction and the duration of the disease. Spontaneous nystagmus was found in 47% of the cases (mean value 3 degrees/sec) and a mainly direction fixed positional nystagmus in 78% (mean value 4.0 degrees/sec). No correlation was found between the mean hearing loss and the magnitude of caloric response reduction on the day of investigation. PMID- 6976061 TI - Immotile cilia syndrome: radial spokes deficiency in a patient with Kartagener's triad. AB - Mucociliary transport and ultrastructure of nasal cilia in a 13 year old boy with Kartagener's triad, were investigated. Mucociliary transport was significantly delayed (greater than 30 minutes). Electron microscopy showed cilia lacking radial spokes, eccentric central tubules, and a dislocation of one the outer doublets. Dynein arms were present. We consider the radial spoke defect as a distinct congenital anomaly which contributes to the pathogenesis of the "immotile cilia syndrome". PMID- 6976062 TI - In vitro cytotoxicity of lymphocyte subpopulations against autologous human bladder tumor cells. AB - The in vitro cytotoxicity of unfractionated blood lymphocytes and T and non-T lymphocytes respectively, was tested against autologous tumor cells from 21 patients with grade III-IV urothelial bladder carcinomas. Generally, little or no cytotoxicity was seen. However, some differences in autologous cytotoxicity between T and non-T lymphocytes were detectable. Four of 21 patients had cytotoxic non-T lymphocytes against autologous bladder tumor cells. The results indicate, that the effector cells are primarily non-T lymphocytes, and that cytotoxicity appears at lower levels of T lymphocytes in unfractionated lymphocyte preparations. PMID- 6976060 TI - The immunological status of children with atopic dermatitis. AB - We studied 16 children during the quiescent phase of atopic dermatitis with a broad range of in vitro immunological tests. Subnormal levels of IgA were present in 2 children, and subnormal IgG in 1. IgE levels were elevated in 6 children. T cell percentages were significantly but slightly reduced. Normal results were obtained for lymphocyte transformation to 3 mitogens, neutrophil chemotaxis, quantitative iodination and microbicidal activity, and for the serum levels of CH50, C3 and C4. Thus most of the abnormal immunological findings in atopic dermatitis nay be secondary to the disease process itself. PMID- 6976063 TI - Quantitation of complement C3b and C3d surface receptors on neoplastic IgM positive B lymphocytes. AB - C3b and C3d complement receptors on the surface of mononuclear cells from blood, lymph nodes, and spleens were investigated in twenty-nine CLL patients and in eight patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma. Compared with a normal material, especially the lymphoid tissues but also the blood of the patients contained a high number of C3d receptor positive lymphocytes with a strong expression of C3d receptors per cell. The majority of the cells with high C3d receptor expression also had SmIgM. The number of C3b receptor positive cells was decreased in the patients but the C3b receptor expression per cell was normal. PMID- 6976064 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in man: T-cells with FcR for IgG in the allogeneic response in vitro. AB - T-cell suspensions enriched and depleted for the subpopulation with FcR for antigenbound IgG (EA-RFC) have been tested for the responding capacity in MLC/CML. The results reveal that the EA-RFC depleted T cell suspension (enriched for FcR-ve T cells) have a greater proliferative capacity but unchanged cytotoxicity compared to the unfractionated T cell suspensions. On the contrary, the EA-RFC enriched T cell suspensions (enriched for FcR + ve T cells) have only weak proliferative capacity and cytotoxicity. These results indicate that the major part of proliferating T-amplifiers as well as cytotoxic T-precursor cells are FcR-ve. Fractionation of cytotoxic effector cells day six of culture reveal that cytotoxic cells are found among EA-RFC depleted as well as enriched suspensions. The cytotoxic capacity of effector cells was found to be substantially reduced after EA rosette formation due to a blocking and sterical inhibitory influence of the EA complexes on the close effector-target contact necessary for cytotoxicity. These results indicate predominance of FcR + ve cytotoxic T cells. The rosette indicator system used here for identification and definition of FcR cannot separate cytotoxic T-precursor cells and strongly proliferating T-amplifiers found to be FcR-ve. On the contrary, cytotoxic T effector cells are predominantly FcR + ve. PMID- 6976066 TI - The dependence of the short-range elasticity on sarcomere length in resting isolated frog muscle fibres. AB - The tension response of a resting muscle fibre to a sudden small stretch (ca. 1% of the fibre length) at constant velocity was analyzed according to a mechanical model in which two components are arranged in parallel: (i) The parallel elastic component (PEC) which is responsible for the resting tension of the fibre. (ii) The short-range elastic component (SREC) which has a highly non-linear tension response: Initially, the tension increases linearly with stretch, but with further stretch the increase in tension subsides and a steady tension level is attained. Both the initial short-range elastic stiffness and the steady state tension level increased with increasing sarcomere length up to 2.9-3.3 micrometer where both variables reached maximum values. The maximum value of the steady tension level was about 1% of the maximum twitch tension. With further increase of sarcomere length both the short-range elastic stiffness and the steady tension level decreased and approached zero at a sarcomere length of about 3.7 micrometer. The structural basis for the SREC is considered to be myosin heads which are cross-linking the thick and the thin filaments even in the resting state of the fibre. PMID- 6976065 TI - Studies on the thymus-dependent immunity in the rat mutant "nude". AB - Different T-cell capacities in nude, athymic rats were tested. Spleen cells from nude rats were unable to give significant responses to Con A as could spleen cells from normal rats. No precipitating antibodies after immunization with chicken serum were observed in nude rats, although such antibodies were found in the haired rats. The experiments confirmed that the used stock of nude rats had a similar T-cell defect as the original Rowett strain of nude rats. PMID- 6976067 TI - The effect of a small stretch on the latency relaxation and the short-range elastic stiffness in isolated frog muscle fibres. AB - The amplitude of the latency relaxation and the stiffness of the short-range elastic component (SREC) were determined in single muscle fibres before and immediately after subjecting the fibre to a sudden small stretch at constant velocity. After the stretch the amplitude of the latency relaxation was reduced compared to the value obtained before the stretch provided that the velocity of stretch exceeded about 1 mm . ms-1 per half-sarcomere and that the amplitude of the stretch was sufficient to reach the stationary response of the SREC. The effect of the stretch on the amplitude of the latency relaxation subsided after about 4 ms. A reduction of the amplitude of the latency relaxation was accompanied by a reduction of the short-range elastic stiffness. This result is discussed in terms of the various hypotheses put forward to account for the generation of the latency relaxation. PMID- 6976070 TI - Liver disease and intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6976069 TI - [Trial study on the growth of male individuals (9-17 years). II. Pubertal development]. PMID- 6976068 TI - [2-alkylaminomethyl-benzoisoxazolin-3-ones]. PMID- 6976071 TI - Quantitative analysis of the cells of the cat's trigeminal ganglion. AB - The volume and structure of the perikarya of nerve cells in the trigeminal ganglia of adult cats were studied light and electron microscopically. According to their volume and eccentricity, the cells could be classified into three groups. Group I. Small cells. Their volume ranges up to 11,400 micrometer 3. Several of them stain light and are spherical in shape. Group II. Medium cells. Their volume ranges up to 40,00 micrometer 3. Several light-stained cells are seen among them. Group III. Large cells. Their volume is the range of 60,000 to 100,000 micrometer 3, and they are spherical in shape. Electron microscopically, the cytoplasm contains a well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, numerous mitochondria, Golgi complexes, pigment granules, and interspersed neurofibrils and microtubules. The cells exhibit an ultrastructure varying in size and cytoplasmic density. In some cases, nerve fibres were in close contact with the cell body, but neither pre- nor post-synaptic thickenings could be observed. PMID- 6976072 TI - The relationship between the caudolateral pontine syndrome and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. AB - The caudolateral pontine syndrome associated with compromised circulation through the anterior inferior cerebellar artery is reviewed on the basis of three cases. Clinical observations are supplemented by the author's anatomical studies, and the pertinent literature is discussed. PMID- 6976073 TI - Role of the raphe nuclei in stimulation producing analgesia. PMID- 6976075 TI - [Clinical and histopathological study of congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy of the cornea (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976076 TI - [The analysis of various protein in cerebrospinal fluid in optic nerve diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976074 TI - Hypersensitive serotonergic receptors: a new hypothesis for one subgroup of unipolar depression derived from an animal model. PMID- 6976078 TI - Impact of fine-needle biopsy on management of patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 6976079 TI - Biliary sonography: ventral bowing of the dilated common duct. PMID- 6976077 TI - 99mTc red blood cells for detection of gastrointestinal bleeding: experience with 80 patients. AB - Imaging was done in 80 patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage using red blood cells labeled with 99mTc by a modified in vivo technique. Bleeding was detected in 65% of 40 patients with bright red blood per rectum, 71% of 35 patients with melena, and in none of the five patients with occult bleeding and chronic anemia. No clinical evidence of further gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred in 26 of the 29 patients who were negative on imaging. The imaging study could be carried out for over 24 hr which increased the sensitivity of the test, since only 16% of the studies were abnormal on the initial images. Neither the need for blood replacement nor the presence of bright red blood per rectum correlated strongly with early image positivity, supporting the contention that patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage do not necessarily bleed continuously. Labeled red cell imaging was more sensitive in the detection of bleeding than angiography. It corresponded to the overall angiographic findings in 23 of 31 cases and in 17 of the 18 patients who had demonstrable extravasation. 99mTc red blood cells may be used effectively in patients with melena as well as with bright red blood per rectum, and thus would seem to be the preferred radiopharmaceutical for imaging. PMID- 6976080 TI - Gas in the pancreatic bed without abscess. AB - A series of 259 patients from the Emory University Affiliated Hospitals with clinical suspicion of pancreatic inflammatory or neoplastic disease was reviewed. Seven of the patients had documented gas in a pancreatic mass; three of the cases were proved subsequently not to be pancreatic abscess formation. Two of the seven patients had proven fistulae from pseudocyst to bowel documented either by surgery or on an associated radiologic examination which accounted for the gas. In one additional patient, no fistula was identified at preoperative radiologic examination or at surgery. The awareness of this entity is important in the avoidance of unnecessary surgery. Since patients with spontaneous cystoenteric fistulae improve after rupture into the gastrointestinal tract, this entity should be kept in mind, particularly in the patient who is not toxic. Radiologic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract to detect fistulous communication, percutaneous aspiration, and culture may prevent unnecessary surgery. PMID- 6976081 TI - Perforation of the intussuscepted colon. AB - Hospital records were reviewed of almost 1,000 infants and children with intussusception during a 25 year period. Among the approximately 850 who had barium enemas, six had colonic perforations during the attempted hydrostatic barium enema reduction of the intussusception. All occurred in patients 6 months old or less. Most had preceding viral illness, four had pain, all vomited, five had rectal bleeding, and only one had a palpable mass. All were pale, dehydrated, lethargic, and had intermittent mottling of the skin and complete bowel obstruction. All had been ill for over 36 hr. The perforations occurred through areas of necrotic ischemic colon. All infants required a right hemicolectomy. These babies seem to fit a pattern in which they are younger and sicker longer than the average patient with intussusception and have complete bowel obstruction. These facts are a warning that such infants are at increased risk for a barium enema bowel perforation. PMID- 6976082 TI - CT of pelvic disorders in children. AB - The usefulness of computed tomography (CT) in evaluating benign and malignant pelvic mass was assessed in 17 children. By comparison with conventional radiography, CT provided supplementary diagnostic information in 29% of patients and more clearly defined the extent of lesions in 59%. In 47% of patients, the CT findings aided treatment planning. Unique diagnostic information was provided, especially in patients with benign disease, whereas delineation of the extent of disease and help in treatment planning occurred with both benign and malignant masses. PMID- 6976083 TI - Lucent articular lesion in the lateral femoral condyle: source of patellar femoral pain in the athletic adolescent. AB - A lucent femoral lesion was identified on the articular surface of the lateral femoral condyle in four young athletic males. The lesion occurred on the anterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle just distal to the epiphyseal plate corresponding to the level of the patella. These patients had patellar femoral pain and symptoms consistent with "chondromalacia patellae" or one of the patellar pain syndromes. This femoral lesion has clinical and radiographic manifestations and probably a traumatic etiology similar to osteochondritis dissecans. Radiographically, the femoral lesion is not demonstrated on the routine anteroposterior, tunnel, or skyline views, and it is easily overlooked on the lateral view. The lesion can be identified radiographically on a Merchant view or on fluoroscopic spot films, and it is "hot" on a radionuclide bone scan. Once identified, arthrography and arthrotomography are useful to determine the integrity of the overlying articular cartilage. PMID- 6976084 TI - Subtleties of Lisfranc fracture-dislocations. AB - Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) fracture-dislocations can be very difficult to recognize radiographically. The evaluation of the Lisfranc joint can be simplified by meticulously studying the alignment of the metatarsal bases with their corresponding tarsal bones. The usefulness of this observation has been confirmed by: anatomic descriptions, biomechanical analysis, and clinical foot radiographs. Subtle abnormalities identified at the Lisfranc joint using this observation included: metatarsal subluxations identified only on a single projection, associated tarsal subluxations and dislocations, irreducible metatarsal subluxations after closed manipulation, and recurrent metatarsal subluxations after reduction. PMID- 6976085 TI - Intraosseous calcifications in tophaceous gout. AB - Intraosseous calcification in association with gouty arthritis was observed in six patients and a single cadaver. This finding, which is usually associated with chronic tophaceous gout, extensive articular destruction, and severe renal disease, is usually seen in the hands, wrists, and feet. It may be associated with additional calcific deposits in the adjacent soft tissues. Although the radiographic appearance of the calcification simulates that of an enchondroma or bone infarct, the abnormality seems related to intraosseous penetration of calcified urate deposits. PMID- 6976086 TI - Capillary embolization with Ethibloc: new embolization concept tested in dog kidneys. AB - Collateral vessels in tumors and arteriovenous malformations limit the effectiveness of therapeutic embolization. Capillary propagation of embolization media represents a possible solution of the problem. Embolization with Ethibloc (Hamburg-Norderstedt), a vegetable protein dissolved in alcohol, was performed in 15 renal arteries of dogs. Three embolized kidneys were completely resorbed, and four kidneys showed complete necrosis microscopically. Ethibloc in combination with 40% glucose guarantees homogenous embolization of the entire arterial bed including the capillaries. No complications were observed in other organs. PMID- 6976087 TI - Collateral veins in portal hypertension: demonstration by sonography. AB - The diagnostic value of real-time sonography for portal hypertension was assessed in 38 patients with collateral veins using a linear array scanner in comparison with percutaneous transhepatic portography. The frequency of detection of collaterals by sonography relative to that by percutaneous transhepatic portography was 85% for the coronary, 100% for the paraumbilical, and 10% for the short gastric veins. Sonography demonstrated the paraumbilical vein in three patients in whom portography failed to opacify it. Real-time sonography is perhaps the first-choice procedure for the demonstration of collateral veins and diagnosis of portal hypertension. PMID- 6976088 TI - Thermography in deep venous thrombosis of the leg. AB - Thermography, a fast, simple, and sensitive method, was compared with conventional contrast medium phlebography in the diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities in 141 patients. In 84% of the cases, the results with both techniques agreed. Thermograms showed the pathologic findings in 38 of 41 cases with deep thrombosis. In the three cases with false-negative findings, only the anterior surfaces of the legs were studied. In 19 cases, pathologic thermograms were recorded in the absence of deep thrombosis; the main reasons for findings were posttraumatic, postoperative, and postthrombotic states, and insufficiency of the perforant veins. If a patient has no previous history of a venous or other intervening disease, thermography with a negative finding excludes deep venous thrombosis. If it is used as a primary method, it can replace many phlebographies in the diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 6976089 TI - Digital ischemia: angiographic differentiation of embolism from primary arterial disease. AB - Embolic disease is often overlooked as a cause of digital ischemia. Unilateral symptoms, in particular, should suggest the possibility of emboli arising from the subclavian or more distal upper extremity vessels. Emboli may originate in the subclavian artery as the result of atherosclerosis at its origin or arterial injury secondary to thoracic outlet compression. Arteriography can be useful in the identification of upper extremity emboli and their source, and should include studies of the aortic arch, proximal subclavian artery, and digital arteries. Retrograde subclavian injections may be required to adequately demonstrate the origin of the subclavian artery. Magnification technique is often essential in differentiating small digital artery emboli from primary arterial diseases, such as Buerger disease or scleroderma. PMID- 6976090 TI - Noninvasive testing for carotid artery stenosis: I. Prospective analysis of three methods. AB - Oculoplethysmography-carotid phonoangiography and periorbital directional Doppler sonography are two techniques widely used in the noninvasive evaluation of possible carotid artery disease. Recent advances with sonographic Doppler devices now permit measurement of blood velocities in the extracranial carotid arteries by direct scanning with a color coded Doppler imaging system. A prospective study involving 216 patients being evaluated for possible carotid insufficiency was carried out to compare the results obtained with these three methods. With stenosis 65% or greater at angiography, the accuracy of the Doppler imaging system was 94%, that of oculoplethysmography-carotid phonoangiography was 84%, and that of periorbital directional Doppler sonography was 80%. These results demonstrate that direct Doppler examination of the carotid bifurcation is superior to either of the other two techniques for the detection of carotid artery stenosis. PMID- 6976092 TI - New traction device for radiography of the lower cervical spine. PMID- 6976091 TI - Central nervous system leukemia and lymphoma: computed tomographic manifestations. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) abnormalities in the brain were identified in 31 of 405 patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Abnormalities included neoplastic masses (15), hemorrhage (nine), abscess (two), other brain tumors (four), and methotrexate leukoencephalopathy (one). CT was normal in 374 patients including 148 with meningeal disease diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytologic examination. Prior to treatment, malignant masses were isodense or of greater density with varying amounts of edema. Increase in size or number of the masses indicated worsening. Response to radiation and chemotherapy was manifested by development of a central low density region with an enhancing rim. CT findings correlated with clinical and cerebrospinal fluid findings. The differential diagnosis of the various abnormalities is considered. PMID- 6976093 TI - Normal azygos arch: retrotracheal visualization on frontal chest tomograms. AB - Anteroposterior, linear tomograms of 78 adult subjects in the supine position revealed visualization of pleural reflections off the retrotracheal part of the normal azygos arch in 38 (49%). The course of the arch varied by about 3 cm. Five distinct patterns were found, mainly depending on the course of the inferior margin of the arch. The inferior margin varied from relatively superior retrotracheal positions to intermediate positions appearing to intersect the carina, to relatively inferior and right-sided positions posterior to the proximal right main bronchus. Recognition of these normal variations of the azygos arch should serve to differentiate them from abnormalities in this region. PMID- 6976095 TI - The many radiologic facies of pneumococcal pneumonia. AB - In 1978, 89 patients were treated for (S. pneumoniae) pneumonia at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. Only 40 cases met rather strict diagnostic criteria. Of these, 12 demonstrated the classical consolidative (air space) pattern usually ascribed to this disease. A bronchopneumonic (patchy) pattern was demonstrated in an equal number of patients; interstitial (irregular linear) infiltrates were manifest in nine cases and a mixed interstitial and patchy presentation shown in seven cases. Absence of the consolidative pattern does not exclude pneumococcal pneumonia. Bacteriologic investigation is required to determine the proper diagnosis and course of therapy. PMID- 6976094 TI - Fascial relationship of the thymus: Radiologic-pathologic correlation in neonatal pneumomediastinum. AB - The radiographic appearance of retrothymic pneumomediastinum is quite specific. The findings include elevation of the thymus away from other mediastinal structures with increased lucency beneath it, visualization of a radiodense line extending from the inferior pole of the thymus to the midportion of the heart, and tenting of the pericardium at the point of attachment of this line. This constellation of findings will aid in the differential diagnosis of medial anterior pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, and intrapulmonary cyst in the infant with air block. The paper details the mediastinal anatomy with special emphasis on a previously undescribed layer of connective tissue that accounts for this specific radiographic appearance. PMID- 6976096 TI - Angiomyolipoma: computed tomographic-pathologic correlation of 17 cases. AB - The angiomyolipoma is a benign renal tumor composed of fat, smooth muscle, and abnormal blood vessels. The tumor often extends into the perinephric space and often is complicated by intratumoral or perinephric hemorrhage. The CT findings of 17 cases of angiomyolipoma were correlated with their pathologic findings and are described. CT scans usually demonstrate a large fatty mass intermixed with areas of tissue density which may represent nonfatty parts of the tumor or areas of hemorrhage. CT is more sensitive than plain films at detecting the fat within the angiomyolipoma. CT is also useful in identifying perinephric extension and hemorrhage. In those angiomyolipomas composed primarily of smooth muscle or in which intratumoral hemorrhage has obscured the fatty part of the tumor, the CT appearance is indistinguishable from other solid renal tumors. PMID- 6976097 TI - Sonography of adrenal pheochromocytomas. AB - The sonographic features of eight surgically confirmed pheochromocytomas are described and correlated with pathologic findings. The purely solid masses were homogeneous or heterogeneous sonographically. Pathologic examination of the gross specimen provided explanations for the variety of sonographic findings. Two tumors had large cystic components due to old blood. Other hypoechoic areas corresponded to necrosis pathologically. Hyperechoic areas represented hemorrhage. Generally, pheochromocytomas are quite large, sharply marginated, and usually have a significant solid component with or without central necrosis or hemorrhage. Recognition of these features should facilitate their identification on sonography. PMID- 6976098 TI - Posterior urethral injuries after pelvic fracture. AB - Rupture of the posterior urethra is an uncommon but serious complication of anterior pelvic arch fracture. It is commonly believed that such injuries occur at the apex of the prostate and on urethrography result in extravasation of contrast material above the urogenital diaphragm. In 1977, Colapinto and McCallum proposed a different classification of such injuries. This paper presents experience in 18 proven cases of posterior urethral injury using this new classification. All patients were studied with retrograde urethrography before any attempt at urethral catheterization. The data support the contention that the traditional concept of posterior urethral injury is, in fact, unusual. Of 18 patients, 12 had complete or partial urethral injuries extending both above and below the urogenital diaphragm as demonstrated by urethrography. Only three of 18 patients had the classical injury, that is, extravasation into pelvic fascial planes limited inferiorly by an intact urogenital diaphragm. PMID- 6976099 TI - Sonographic transducer performance cannot be evaluated with clinical images. AB - A wide variety of in vitro tests, some too sophisticated to perform in a clinical setting, is available to provide information on the performance of sonographic transducers. However, it is a common belief among many clinicians that clinically generated in vivo images are a necessary and sufficient test of sonographic image quality. In order to examine the sensitivity and reliability of quality judgments made from clinical images, some transducers that failed elaborate in vitro tests were used to create clinical scans. In a discrimination test between clinical images created by normal and abnormal transducers, a panel of experienced sonographers was unable to consistently identify scans made by transducers with major flaws in the beam uniformity when the defect occurred only in the near field. The study confirms that rigorous in vitro tests provide unique information on transducer performance and can reveal performance flaws that are overlooked in routine clinical images. PMID- 6976100 TI - Sonography in the diagnosis of branchial cysts. AB - Four cases of surgically proven branchial cysts were examined sonographically. These lesions demonstrate cystic sonographic characteristics but may also contain low-level echoes secondary to superimposed infection. Their usual location anterior to the carotid sheath and sternocleidomastoid muscle and separate from the thyroid gland can be explained by their embryologic derivation. While it may be difficult in some cases to differentiate branchial cysts from abscess or an anechoic solid mass such as lymphadenopathy, careful attention to their typical location and sonographic characteristics as well as the history will aid in the correct preoperative diagnosis of branchial cysts. PMID- 6976101 TI - Video dilution technique evaluation of an arteriovenous fistula: monitoring of detachable balloon embolization. PMID- 6976103 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of neonatal meconium cyst. PMID- 6976102 TI - Sonographic findings in advanced abdominal pregnancy. PMID- 6976106 TI - Three-dimensional localization of pulmonary lesions: a technique to facilitate fluoroscopic needle biopsy. PMID- 6976105 TI - Peritonitis after thin-needle aspiration biopsy of an abscess. PMID- 6976104 TI - Aortic dissection: presentation as a renal problem in three patients. PMID- 6976107 TI - The knotted Swan-Ganz catheter: new solution to a vexing problem. PMID- 6976108 TI - Successful removal of endotracheal tube from the esophagus using balloon catheter technique. PMID- 6976109 TI - Federal radiation initiatives wane in Reagan administration. AB - A series of administrative initiatives undertaken by the Carter Administration in response to public concerns about harmful effects of exposures to ionizing radiation in various settings has been abandoned by the Reagan Administration. The decision to discard the Radiation Policy Council, the coordinating agency established in 1980, leaves the federal government with no overall focus or overall budget for radiation research and protection activities. The line agencies with direct radiation responsibilities, including the Department of Energy, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Department of Defense, Food and Drug Administration's Bureau of Radiological Health, and Department of Labor, continue with somewhat contradictory and uncoordinated programs. PMID- 6976110 TI - The art of dynamic imaging. PMID- 6976113 TI - Serial echographic development of apparent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with biventricular outflow obstruction: documentation in Hemophilus influenzae pericarditis during hypovolemia. PMID- 6976111 TI - Recipes for gastrointestinal examinations. PMID- 6976112 TI - Translumbar aortography as an outpatient procedure. PMID- 6976114 TI - Changes in peripheral vascular and cardiac sympathetic activity before and after coronary artery bypass surgery: interrelationships with hemodynamic alterations. AB - The plasma catecholamine levels obtained simultaneously from radial artery (A), pulmonary artery (MV), brachial vein (PV), and coronary sinus (CS) were measured concurrent with hemodynamic determinations during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations. Arterial catecholamine levels decreased after induction of anesthesia and increased after sternotomy; changes in veno-arterial norepinephrine (NE) differences ([PV-A]ne, [MV-A]ne, and [CS-A]ne) were of the same magnitude and direction, suggesting that NE release from various organs was of the same extent. After operation, arterial NE increased further, but the veno arterial NE differences were in striking contrast; [PV-A]ne became markedly positive, whereas [CS-A]ne became markedly negative, indicating that NE release from extremity peripheral vasculature increased markedly while cardiac NE release decreased. These differential changes in regional sympathetic activity appear to be related to postoperative hypertension (HT) and low cardiac output (CO). There were close relationships of changes in [MV-A]ne to mean arterial pressure (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001) and systemic vascular resistance (r = 0.62, p less than 0.010, suggesting that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in CABG perioperative hemodynamic alterations. PMID- 6976115 TI - Relative efficacy of blind left ventricular aneurysm resection for the treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. AB - Coronary arterial bypass grafting and left ventricular aneurysm resection and the two combined have been reported effective in control of refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias; 82 percent of a pool of 127 patients (from 22 reports) survived after surgery. However, the follow-up period in this group is short and the extent of medical therapy is not well defined. Actuarial analysis of results of conventional left ventricular aneurysm resection in 32 Stanford patients with well documented ventricular tachyarrhythmias shows an arrhythmia recurrence rate of 50 +/- 9 percent (mean +/- standard error of the mean) during the postoperative hospitalization. In contrast, after 10 months only 11 +/- 9 percent of 18 patients who underwent myocardial resection guided by intraoperative electrical activation sequence mapping experienced arrhythmia recurrence. These data demonstrate that simple left ventricular aneurysm resection is less effective in preventing ventricular tachyarrhythmias than originally believed. Preliminary data suggest that surgery of the left ventricle guided by intraoperative mapping may provide more effective control of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, intraoperative mapping has many technical and interpretive problems. Investigations are needed to determine the roles of conventional and new operative approaches to treatment of medically refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 6976116 TI - On the limitation of therapeutic intervention trials in ischemic heart disease: a clinician's viewpoint. AB - Therapeutic intervention trials using randomization of cases, considered the most reliable available means of evaluating effectiveness of therapy, have serious limitations. They are subject to errors in both directions: suggesting a relation when none exist, or being unable to demonstrate existing relations. When death is used as an outcome of the study, errors are most likely to occur when populations under study contain patients with widely varying prognoses, as is the case in ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, some trials pay insufficient attention to clinical facts and clinical relevance, both in designing and interpreting results of the study. The results of the Anturane reinfarction trial may have been misinterpreted on that basis. Trials dealing with comparison of medical and surgical treatment of coronary artery disease have been disappointing in their negative or inconclusive results. Another approach is needed to reinvestigate this problem, one randomizing patients with high risk subsets of coronary disease. PMID- 6976117 TI - Effects of iron deficiency anemia on delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in mice. AB - In the present study, the effect of iron-deficiency anemia on delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity was measured using weanling C57BL/6 female mice which were fed either an ad libitum control diet supplemented with 25 to 30 mg Fe/kg diet (FePO4), an iron-deficient test diet (5 to 6 mg Fe/kg diet), or pairfed control diet (25 to 30 mg Fe/kg diet). When skin sensitizing agent (dinitrofluorobenzene) was applied to these animals and skin responses were measured 3 to 5 days later, anemic mice showed a significantly decreased inflammatory skin response than either control or pairfed mice. Five days after sensitization, the animals were challenged with dinitrofluorobenzene painted on the right ear and an equal dose of only the solvent on the left ear followed by 125I-deoxyuridine injected intraperitoneally. The ratio of either total or DNA associated radioactivity incorporated into the right over the left ears was significantly lower in anemic mice than either control or pairfed mice. A single dose of Imferon injected 24 h before the recall dose of dinitrofluorobenzene restored the ratio of 125I-dUR incorporated in anemic mice without having any significant effect on either the control or pairfed groups. The results suggest that iron is not required for sensitization but is required for an effective inflammatory response. PMID- 6976118 TI - Acid phosphatase staining pattern as an indicator of T-cell acute leukemia. AB - Acid phosphatase staining pattern has been variably advocated and discouraged as an indicator of T-cell differentiation of acute lymphoblastic leukemias. This study indicates that acid phosphatase staining pattern will correlate with the results of E rosette testing in both T-cell and non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemias in over 90% of cases. Acid phosphatase staining pattern may reliably be used to indicate T-cell differentiation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in cases where insufficient material for E rosette testing is available. PMID- 6976119 TI - Meckel's diverticulum. An unusual case with ileal stricture. AB - A 31 year-old man was seen with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Superior mesenteric angiography revealed a vascular blush. This corresponded to an area of narrowing seen on the small bowel series. A diagnosis of malignant neoplasm was made preoperatively. At laparatomy, however, a Meckel's diverticulum with ulceration and stricture formation extending into the ileum was found. The histology showed gastric mucosa with ulceration. This report depicts small bowel narrowing secondary to Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 6976120 TI - Prednisone-responsive aplastic anemia associated with T-lymphocyte proliferation. AB - In some cases, bone marrow aplasia has been thought to result from immunologic abnormalities. Our patient had severe transfusion-dependent aplastic anemia, which responded to treatment with prednisone on two occasions. The exacerbations of aplastic anemia were associated with lymphocytic proliferation which on one occasion had the characteristics of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Though he had had mild lymphoproliferation for a number of years, he ultimately died with progressive diffuse lymphoid infiltration of the bone marrow and other organs. The simultaneous occurrence of the T-cell lymphoproliferation and aplastic anemia and their simultaneous response to therapy suggests that this may be a clinical example of T-lymphocyte mediated suppression of erythropoiesis. PMID- 6976121 TI - Corticosteroids and granulopoiesis: effects upon in vitro colony formation. AB - 6 alpha Methylprednisolone (MP) and prednisone treatment of mice and man causes reduced in vitro colony formation in soft agar in the presence of added colony stimulating activity (CSA). MP or prednisone administration sharply reduces the amount of CSA released from white blood cell feeder layers and the CSA released into the serum of mice given endotoxin. The reduction in colony formation by the marrow of MP treated subjects is explained by the diminished endogenous CSA elaboration by CSA producing cells over the seven day assay period; the colony forming cells (CFC) are capable of responding to increased added CSA. There is no evidence for diminished in vivo granulopoiesis following MP treatment; hence in vitro colony formation is not a valid corollary of in vivo granulopoiesis in the presence of high dose corticosteroid treatment. PMID- 6976122 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis. PMID- 6976123 TI - Retinotomy. AB - Retinotomy, performed during vitreous surgery, can be helpful in complicated cases of retinal detachment. The incisions are made with right-angled scissors in the peripheral retina. I have used this technique successfully in the treatment of a 21-year-old man who had a large retinal break with a shrunken edge, a 13 year-old boy with severe myopia and taut subretinal strands, and a 20-year-old man with an incarcerated retina. PMID- 6976124 TI - BCL1, a murine model of prolymphocytic leukemia. II. Morphology and ultrastructure. AB - The transplantable murine B-cell leukemia, BCL1, was examined by light and electron microscopy. The results show that the BCL1 cell closely resembles the prolymphocyte of human prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL). The spleen of animals transplanted with BCL1 is diffusely infiltrated by BCL1-prolymphocytes. Splenectomized animals given transplants of BCL1 develop a lymphomalike disease with less leukemia and bone marrow involvement than the nonsplenectomized transplant recipients. Ultrastructural features of the BCL1 cell are identical in the splenectomized and nonsplenectomized animals. PMID- 6976125 TI - Biosocial effects of urban migration on the development of families and children in Guatemala. AB - The relationship between rural to urban migration and child growth and family structure is reported in sample of 302 children from families of low socioeconomic status, living in Guatemala City. The sample was divided into three groups: 1) children of parents born outside the city, 2) children of parents born in the city, and 3) children with one migrant and one city-born parent. Children of migrants to the city were the smallest and significantly shorter than children of migrant city-born parents. Migrant parents also had the largest families; family size correlated negatively with growth in height. Growth in weight followed a pattern similar to height, but no significant differences associated with migration status were found between groups. PMID- 6976126 TI - Transhepatic embolization in patients with acute variceal hemorrhage. AB - Control of acute variceal bleeding by transhepatic embolization was investigated in 14 patients with alcoholic liver disease. In these patients hemorrhage was unresponsive to general supportive measures, intravenous vasopressin and balloon tamponade. Embolization was performed using Gelfoam and a synthetic polymer, bucrylate. Acute hemorrhage was arrested in 86 percent of patients. Rebleeding after transhepatic embolization occurred in 35 percent of patients. There were three deaths from intraabdominal hemorrhage related directly to transhepatic embolization (21 percent). Six patients (43 percent) left the hospital alive. In a group of cirrhotic patients in whom transhepatic embolization was employed after traditional modes of therapy had failed to control variceal hemorrhage, mortality and rebleeding rates were high. PMID- 6976127 TI - [Various indicators of cellular immunity in physiological pregnancy, labor and prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 6976128 TI - [Use of clamps as a method of arresting hypotonic hemorrhage]. PMID- 6976129 TI - [Treatment of neonatal hypoxia by electroanalgesia]. PMID- 6976130 TI - [Immunity in patients with hydatidiform mole]. PMID- 6976131 TI - Anti-ENA antibody in serum determined by ELISA-technique. Description of method and recommended procedure. AB - An enzyme linked immune sorbent assay, ELISA, for determination of serum antibodies against two different extractable nuclear antigens, the RNAse sensitive ribonucleoprotein (RNP), and the RNAse resistant Sm-antigen is described. The technical variables are systematically evaluated and a recommended procedure selected and described. PMID- 6976132 TI - [Epidemiology of the rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6976133 TI - [Sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6976134 TI - [Comparative haemodynamic studies with mexiletine and lidocaine in patients with coronary heart disease after aorto-coronary bypass (author's transl)]. AB - In two patient groups undergoing coronary surgery (n = 10) hemodynamic side effects of mexiletine and lidocaine were investigated. Changes of clinical importance were seen in cardiac-output, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, triple- and cardiac index. There are significant differences 10, 15, and 30 min after application (p less than 0.05; p less than 0.025) in cardiac index. PMID- 6976135 TI - The determination of 4,5-dioxovaleric acid in plant preparations and a procedure for the assay of L-alanine:4,5-dioxovaleric acid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.43) activity. PMID- 6976138 TI - Comparison of CB5 and V5 leads for intraoperative electrocardiographic monitoring. AB - Electrocardiogram lead CB5 was compared with lead V5 kin 27 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Lead CB5 is a bipolar lead consisting of a negative electrode over the center of the right scapula and the positive electrode over the fifth interspace in the anterior axillary line. Comparison of CB5 and V5 tracings made while the chest was closed showed the ventricular deflections to be 20% larger in the CB5 lead. The ventricular deflections were highly correlated (r = 0.95 to 0.98). The average P wave voltage was 90% greater in the CB5 lead, and the relative increase in P wave voltage was greater (p less than 0.01) than the 20% increase in the RS deflection. Tracings made while the chest was open gave similar results. The CB5 lead is simple to apply and provides tracings equivalent to the V5 when monitoring for ischemia while allowing easier recognition of P waves. PMID- 6976136 TI - Improved polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with different amino acids as the trailing constituent. PMID- 6976139 TI - T-lymphocytes in migraine. AB - T and B lymphocytes have been examined in patients suffering from migraine. T lymphocytes are significantly reduced during the headache when compared to headache-free periods (or to values of non-migraine patients). Tg and Tm lymphocytes are reduced by an equal percentage. The basophils are also reduced in migraine patients. Evidence is presented that the cell-mediated immunity functions aberrantly in these patients. PMID- 6976137 TI - Autoradiographic demonstration of ipsilateral and contralateral sensory nerve endings in cat dentin, pulp, and periodontium. AB - In order to determine the location of sensory nerve ending in cat teeth, 3H proline and 3H-leucine were injected into the left trigeminal ganglion of eight cats aged 6.5-10 months; 24 hours was allowed for axonal transport of radioactive protein to dental nerve endings, and the endings were then detected by autoradiography. The pulps of most ipsilateral (left) teeth contained some labeled axons. These axons ended in the odontoblastic layer and predentin of roots and crown; at the tip of the pulp horn of each cusp, nerve endings also extended as far as 150 micrometer into dentinal tubules. Labeled nerve endings were extremely rare in contralateral (right) teeth; only one tooth of 83 studied (eight cats) contained heavily labeled axons, and one other had faintly labeled axons. Both labeled contralateral teeth were central maxillary incisors. Their labeled axons were unbranched in the root and arborized in the crown to end among odontoblasts and many adjacent dentinal tubules. Labeled periodontal nerve endings were most numerous in the apical one-third of the ligament, with some endings extending as far as the gingiva. The nerve endings in the periodontal ligament were often clustered and appeared to end freely between the collagen bundles; their radioactivity varied in the same way as that of pulp nerves in the adjacent root. PMID- 6976142 TI - [Clinical manifestations of juvenile chronic arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - The most outstanding clinical, laboratory and evolutive features of 119 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis were studied. According to the onset of the disease, these patients have bee divided into three subtypes, following the criteria set-up by the EULAR for the diagnosis and classification of patients with juvenile chronic arthritis. Among the 119 patients studied, 29.4% had a systemic onset, 37.8% a polyarticular onset and 32.7% a pauciarticular onset. The relationship between female and male was 0.8/1 in he group with systemic onset, 4/1 in the group with polyarticular onset and 1.1/1 in the group with pauciarticular onset. The patients with systemic onset seem to constitute a homogeneous clinical group. The group with polyarticular onset is made up of two subtypes of different evolutive seriousness, one seropositive and another seronegative. In the pauciarticular group, two subtypes are present: one presenting with chronic iridocyclitis and another with sacroilitis (some in this subtype shall develop subsequently ankylosing spondylitis), leaving aside a non homogeneous group of patients unable to be classified at the present time. PMID- 6976140 TI - Immunity in migraine: the effect of heparin. AB - There is evidence that migraine has an immunologic component. Migraine patients have reduced levels of circulating basophils and T-lymphocytes and there is a negative correlation of T-cell levels and disease activity. Clinical improvement of migraine is observed after the repeated inhalation of heparin in those patients in whom heparin raises both basophil and T-lymphocyte values to the normal range. PMID- 6976141 TI - [Immunological pathogenesis of collagenosis]. AB - The present paper contains an analysis of the essential factors which combine in the pathogeny of autoimmune illnesses, using Systemic Erythematous Lupus as a prototype. These patients present a hyperfunction of B lymphocytes due to either an intrinsic defect of these cells or disorders in the cells which regulate them which is translated into a high response to nuclear and lymphocytary antigens. The formation of circulating immunocomplexes in these patients would be responsible for the inflammatory vascular and tissue lesions which they present when the Complement is deposited and activated. The antilymphocyte antibodies affect both the B as well as T lymphocytes, by activating the former and destroying the latter particularly the underpopulation of suppressing T lymphocytes. This is translated into a greater activity of the cells which produce antibodies. PMID- 6976143 TI - Ethical and cultural dimensions of informed consent. A case study and analysis. AB - A case of a patient with angina who was considered for coronary bypass surgery illustrates the issue of informed consent. Ethical and legal aspects and the inherent limitations of achieving consent must be considered. Physicians may have personal biases, which may lead to coerced consent, or may overwhelm the patient with information on potential complications of a proposed procedure, which may lead to consent without hope. Patient bias or misinformation may lead to misunderstood consent or, if the patient's judgment is distorted, to crisis consent. The patient's desire to defer the decision to the physician raises the question of whether such requested paternalism violates patient self determination and invalidates consent or is an exercise of the patient's right to have his physician decide. The case presented exemplifies the patient-physician interaction needed for responsible paternalism. PMID- 6976145 TI - [Hemorrhagic pathology of the large intestine: comparative evaluation of the use of rigid and flexible endoscopes]. PMID- 6976146 TI - [Persistent gastric erosive pathology]. PMID- 6976144 TI - Biphasic pattern of bacterial infection in multiple myeloma. AB - Since the 1960s, gram-negative bacilli have become commoner pathogens than Streptococcus pneumoniae in multiple myeloma. To investigate this trend, we analyzed 75 bacterial infections in 57 patients with myeloma. Episodes of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae occurred at presentation, early in the disease, and in patients responding to chemotherapy. Gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus caused 80% of infections seen after diagnosis and 92% of deaths from infection. Episodes of infection with gram negative bacteria occurred in patients with active and advancing disease and in those responding to chemotherapy when neutropenia. Impaired antibody production may be the major immune defect leading to S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae infections whereas some additional factor or factors related to disease activity appear to predispose to gram-negative infection in myeloma. PMID- 6976147 TI - Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis associated with subclavian steal syndrome. PMID- 6976148 TI - [Treatment of unstable angina with diltiazem. A propos of 61 observations]. PMID- 6976149 TI - Interposition mesocaval shunt for bleeding oesophageal varices in moderate and poor risk cirrhotics. AB - A series of 45 mesocaval interposition shunt operations for bleeding oesophageal varices in Child's class B and C cirrhotics is presented. Twelve operations were carried out electively and 33 as emergencies. The primary mortality rates were 8% and 48% in these groups, respectively. Eleven (39%) of the 28 survivors died during a follow-up of 5 months to 4 years. Cumulative overall survival was 48% at one year and 33% at four years. Mortality was influenced more by surgery if performed as an emergency than the functional reserve of the liver. Continued alcoholism after surgery correlated with late mortality. Two cases of variceal rebleeding occurred in the primary survivor group (7%); both of them had shunt occlusion. Shunt patency rate was 89%. All patients had some degree of encephalopathy before surgery, but severe or chronic cases were not observed during the follow-up. Ascites when present preoperatively always disappeared after shunt. As a technically relatively simple procedure, mesocaval interposition shunt effectively prevents variceal rebleeding and ascites formation, thus offering improvement also in the quality of life. In elective cases an acceptably low mortality is achieved even in poor risk patients. In emergency cases mesocaval shunt provides about 50% chance of survival, if conservative methods to stop the bleeding fail. PMID- 6976150 TI - Some studies on the polyethylene glycol turbidity method for detecting immune complexes in serum. AB - A rapid and simple method for detecting circulating immune complexes based on turbidity measurements following polyethylene glycol precipitation was studied with regard to its suitability as a routine assay in clinical laboratories. This method was found to have an acceptable degree of precision provided the temperature was carefully controlled. The mean value obtained with a group for 70 blood donors was 0.09 (SD 0.05) and the 90th percentile value was 0.16. There was no significant difference between values obtained from groups divided on the basis of age or sex. Of 70 diabetic sera assayed by the polyethylene glycol turbidity method, 20% gave positive values although only 10% were strongly positive. The corresponding figures for the solid phase Clq binding method were 15.7% and 14.3%, respectively. Correlation between the two methods was poor. It was concluded that although both methods have a similar likelihood of detecting immune complexes in randomly selected diabetics, it is probable that different immune complexes were being detected. PMID- 6976153 TI - Dermatitis at vein graft site in coronary artery bypass patients. PMID- 6976151 TI - A comparison of the kinetic properties of the common and rare variants of adenosine deaminase. AB - Adenosine deaminase activity has been measured in red cells from individuals of known ADA phenotype (ADA 1, ADA 2-1, ADA 3-1, ADA 3-2) using adenosine and 2' deoxyadenosine as substrates. No significant differences were observed among the phenotypes in their relative deaminase activity with the two substrates. However, evidence suggests the occurrence of an uncommon allele designated ADA1w determining low levels of ADA activity. The deaminase activities of the phenotypes were in the order ADA 1 greater than ADA 2-1 greater than ADA 3-1 greater than ADA 3-2 with both substrates. The relative activities of the alleles were estimated to be: ADA1 100%, ADA2 89%, ADA3 28% and ADA1w 67% with adenosine, and ADA1 100%, ADA2 87%, ADA3 39% and ADA1w 66% with 2'-deoxyadenosine. The Michaelis constants for adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine were determined for the different phenotypes. There were no significant differences in these values among the phenotypes. PMID- 6976154 TI - Transmural gradient in high-energy phosphate content in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - In 16 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass, transmural biopsies were performed during bypass but before global ischemia. Subendocardial and subepicardial halves were separately assayed in each sampled tissue. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, total adenine nucleotide content (sigma Ad), and creatine phosphate (CP) content were significantly higher (p less than 0.005) in the subepicardium than the subendocardium in regions of the heart distal to major occlusions: 35.36 +/- 2.12 nmole/mg versus 28.7 +/- 1.7 (ATP), 42.24 +/- 2.04 versus 35.6 +/- 1.6 (sigma Ad), and 29.99 +/- 4.32 +/- versus 16.35 +/- 3.48 (CP). The opposite was true in two hearts with normal coronary arteries, in which high-energy phosphates tended to be higher in the subendocardium than the subepicardium. A transmural metabolic gradient therefore exists in regions of the myocardium distal to significant coronary occlusive disease. The subendocardium's relative depression in metabolic reserve cold determine its susceptibility to ischemic damage and influence techniques designed to preserve the heart during ischemia. PMID- 6976155 TI - Emergency coronary revascularization in the early postoperative coronary artery bypass patient. AB - A patient underwent myocardial revascularization for acute ischemia following early postoperative graft closure and ventricular fibrillation. Extensive myocardial infarction was prevented by electrocardiographic and enzyme criteria. The time lapse between onset of the ischemic episode and revascularization is critical. Our knowledge of the patient's coronary anatomy obviated the need for angiography; the graft occlusion was diagnosed by electrocardiogram. PMID- 6976152 TI - Monoaminergic mechanisms and experimental cataplexy. AB - The effects of pharmacological alteration of the monoamine systems were investigated in a canine model of narcolepsy. Cataplexy was quantified in eight severely affected dogs by means of the food-elicited cataplexy test. The specific norepinephrine (NE) uptake blocker nisoxetine, and (to a much lesser extent) the specific serotonin (5-HT) uptake blocker fluoxetine, significantly suppressed cataplexy, as did the tricyclic antidepressants protriptyline, amitriptyline, and chlorimipramine. Thus, experimental cataplexy is suppressed more by inhibition of the uptake of NE than of 5-HT. Methylphenidate, the alpha-adrenoreceptor blocker clonidine, and the dopamine receptor blocker pimozide also suppressed cataplexy in dogs. The beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol, the fatty acid gamma hydroxybutyrate, and the monoamine oxidase inhibitors clorgyline and pargyline had little or no effect. With one exception (pimozide), all the drugs that suppressed cataplexy are known to be potent suppressors of REM sleep. The suppression of cataplexy induced by nisoxetine or protriptyline was reversed by the anticholinesterase physostigmine, further supporting a postulated aminergic cholinergic interaction in the mechanisms for cataplexy. PMID- 6976158 TI - [Epidemiological considerations on rheumatic disease in children]. PMID- 6976157 TI - Markers of cellular differentiation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous entity that can be subcategorized on the basis of morphologic aspects, immunologic markers, membrane antigens, and enzymatic content of the blast forms. Subgroups corresponding to T cell, pre-T-cell, pre-B-cell, and non-T-, non-B-lymphocyte derivations can be defined by immunologic markers, and the biologic differences are supported by the differential expression of membrane antigens and of nuclear, lysosomal, cytoplasmic, and membrane enzymes. These studies ease the diagnosis and characterization of ALL and enhance understanding of this disease. PMID- 6976156 TI - [Sudden death after "home electrotherapy"]. AB - The authors report a case of homicide by misadventure caused with electricity; a 68 years old man (who was bed-ridden because of hemiplegia following apoplexy) was "treated" with electricity by his son and son-in-law. The electricity was produced by the continuous operation of a moped and as in ECG examinations the electrodes were attached to his extremities. Following the second treatment his death was due to cerebral haemorrhage and partial aspiration of gastric content. The causal relation between the electric treatment and the death could be established. In connection with this case the authors discuss the aspects of medical expertise and emphasize the importance of complex expert examination that must be made in such cases. PMID- 6976160 TI - [In vivo study of microcirculatory pathways by the contact microscopy technic]. AB - Microcirculatory bed in some organs of a normal brown frog Rana temporaria has been studied at vital observation by means of the luminescent photomicroscope LIUMAM K-1. Elements of the microcirculatory bed have been determined according to the direction of blood stream and the diameter of its separate links. Certain peculiar features of the blood stream have been studied in the dark field in the organs such as: the skin, the tongue, the gastric wall, the intestinal wall, the lungs and others. The range of morpho-functional lability in the microvessels and structural organization of the bed in question depend on the structure of certain organs. A close connection between the microvascular wall and melanocytes has been revealed. PMID- 6976159 TI - The effects of endothelial cell-conditioned media on the proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells and 3T3 cells in culture. AB - Normal aortic endothelial cells cultured in serum-free medium elaborate a factor(s) which cause the proliferation of smooth muscle cells or 3T3 cells grown in medium containing plasma-derived serum. For smooth muscle cell growth plasma factors are required in addition to the endothelial cell-conditioned medium whereas 3T3 cells will grow in the presence of endothelial cell-conditioned medium alone. Injured, growing cultures of endothelial cells do not appear to elaborate any more of the mitogen than normal, quiescent endothelial cells. The mitogenic factor is as yet poorly characterized but is heat stable at 56 degree C for 30 minutes. These results suggest that endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell interactions may contribute to the intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation which is a characteristic of the atherosclerotic lesion. PMID- 6976162 TI - [Study of the granule-containing cells of the arteries of the base of the brain of vertebrates and humans]. AB - Ultrastructure of chromaffin, mast and pigment cells has been studied in Liza soiuy, Rana temporaria, Testudo horsfieldi, guinea pig, cat, as well as in human fetuses at the age of 7-28 weeks of intrauterine development. Correlative connections of the vegetative neural fibres and mast cells have been revealed by means of Falck's method in guinea pigs, given noradrenaline, rausedil and histamine, and in Testudo horsfieldi, given acetylcholine. The chromaffin cells differ from the mast and pigment cells by extremely small granules. In Liza soiuy and in Rana temporaria the granule-containing cells present in all arterial membranes. It contributes to direct regulatory influence on various elements of the vascular wall. In other animals and in man these cells are situated mainly in adventitia and affect smooth arterial myocytes. The vegetative neural transmitters and the granule-containing cells make a single for regulating system. PMID- 6976161 TI - [Effect of a ginseng tissue culture preparation on morphofunctional changes in motor neurons upon activation]. AB - Irritation for 10 min of the posterior spinal root in the frog Rana temporaria (electrical stimulation 50 imp/sec, threshold power 4) results in decreasing size of the motoneurons and their nuclei and in appearing pycnomorphous type of neurons. Simultaneously, peculiar changes in cellular ultrastructure connected with inhibition of protein synthesis are observed. When the ginseng preparation is administered to intact animals, an increased excitability of the spinal centers, as well as increasing volume of the motoneuronal nuclei and certain ultrastructural shifts demonstrating activation of protein synthesis and cellular energy are observed. When the ginseng preparation is preliminary administered to the frogs, before a high-frequency synaptic activation of the motoneurons, it protects the cells from pathological changes and pycnotic shrinkage. PMID- 6976163 TI - Starch blocker. PMID- 6976164 TI - Permeability of the labyrinthine windows in guinea pigs. AB - Permeability of the labyrinthine windows in guinea pigs was investigated by electron microscopy using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In the round window membrane, HRP particles were readily taken up by the epithelial cells and were transported to the subepithelial layer which was regarded as being bathed in the perilymph. The oval window also appears to allow the passage of the macromolecules in view of the HRP-labeled granules in the chondrocytes of the stapediovestibular joint. The transport of the HRP particles from the middle ear to the inner ear was confirmed by the uptake of those in the saccular epithelium after 30--40 min exposure to the tracer. PMID- 6976166 TI - Dimensions of the scala vestibuli and sectional areas of both scales. AB - Height and width of the scala vestibuli were measured on resin casts at seven different places, beginning at the round window up to 1 3/4 turns of the cochlea. These figures do not decrease continuously but are augmented at certain places. The sectional areas of both scales show the same result according to the transient increases of height and width. PMID- 6976165 TI - [On the glucose, pyruvate, and lactate concentration of perilymph, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of unexposed and sound-exposed guinea pigs under ethyl urethane anesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Glucose, pyruvate, and lactate of perilymph (PL), blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of unexposed and sound-exposed guinea pigs under ethyl urethane anesthesia were examined with due consideration of the principal sources of error. The animals had fasted for 15--20 h before the experiment to stabilize the blood glucose level. The metabolites were determined enzymatically by means of fluorescence measurements. It was found that the glucose levels depend not only on ingestion but also on the duration of anesthesia of the animals before sampling. The mean values of the scala tympani and scala vestibuli PL and CSF did not differ significantly, being about half those of blood or plasma immediately (10--20 min) after introducing anesthesia (Table 2). This concentration difference is in disagreement with the original ultrafiltration hypothesis of PL, suggesting a blood-PL barrier for glucose. The dependence on the duration of anesthesia and on the animals' ingestion before sampling appears to be an important cause of the differences in glucose data published in literature hitherto. No influence of anesthesia on pyruvate and lactate concentrations was observed. Data obtained on unexposed control animals (Tables 3 and 4) confirmed our earlier metabolite findings (Scheibe et al. 1976, 1981). No major changes in glucose, pyruvate, and lactate concentration of PL, blood, and CSF were detectable immediately after 1 h of exposure to wide-band noise at an intensity of 120 dB SPL. The present lactate findings confirmed our earlier exposure experiments (Scheibe et al. 1976), but they did not agree with the information given by Schnieder (1974). PMID- 6976167 TI - Behavior of the nystagmus in Meniere's attack. AB - Continuous controls of the nystagmus were carried out from the beginning of Meniere's attack. There are four different forms of development. As to the direction of the nystagmus and the directional change of nystagmus during an attack, respectively, a possible neurophysiologic explanation can be offered: due to an increased concentration of potassium in the perilymphatic space during a Meniere attack there is a depolarization of the synapse between the vestibular receptive cell and the afferent nerve fiber. The potassium concentration determines the extent of depolarization and thus the direction of the nystagmus. PMID- 6976168 TI - [Vertical "X" sign test (author's transl)]. AB - Fukuda's blindfold vertical writing test was modified in a vertical drawing test which consisted of five vertical series of "X" sings. The lists of signs of 150 healthy persons were compared to the findings of 111 patients. Persons with peripheral or central vestibular lesions had marked deviations in about 70% beyond the standard deviation of normals. The test is recommended for routine explorations. The procedure and the evaluation are easy and can be used for the objective identification of vestibulospinal deviation. PMID- 6976169 TI - Determination of ionization constants by paper electrophoresis. AB - Dimensionless apparent ionization constants of charged low-molecular-weight species may be obtained from paper-electrophoretic data at 20-25 degrees C with buffers (I0.1-0.5) of measured pH (1.5-12.5) containing oxalate ions. Relative mobilities rather than absolute mobilities were measured by using glycerol and m nitrobenzenesulphonate respectively as standards of zero and unit mobility. Application of the procedure to ionizations of adenine, adenosine, 2' deoxyadenosine, 3'-deoxyadenosine, 3':5'-cyclic AMP, ADP, ADP-glucose-agrocin 84 and ATP is described. PMID- 6976170 TI - Inhibition of epidermal growth factor-induced mitogenesis in bovine granulosa cells by trifluoperazine. PMID- 6976171 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus with only IgE-class antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 6976172 TI - Specificity of anti--double-stranded DNA antibodies for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6976174 TI - Differential sensitivity of T and B cell areas in mouse lymph nodes to exogenous cortisol. A histomorphometrical study. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of a single high dose of cortisol acetate into young adult BALB/c mice resulted in severe prolonged involution of the axillary lymph nodes, which started to regenerate only three weeks later. Histological and histomorphometrical analysis revealed that cortisol-induced lymphocyte depletion and diminution of lymph nodes was more pronounced in its B cell areas than in the paracortical T cell areas. Lymphocyte-depleted areas in the outer cortex i.e. in the B cell compartment, were characterized by a persisting diffuse reticular framework. Lymphocyte depletion in the paracortex resulted in partial transformation of its normal diffuse structure into "paracortical cords" with intervening patent sinuses. It was concluded that 1) T cell areas in mouse lymph nodes are more resistant to exogenous cortisol than B cell areas, and 2) paracortical cords may be interpreted as basic tissue units of the paracortical area in the mouse lymph node. PMID- 6976173 TI - Pharmacological activities and side effects of plafibride. AB - This paper reports on pharmacological properties of N-2-(p-chlorophenoxy) isobutyryl-N'-morpholinomethyl-urea (plafibride, ITA 104) and its possible side effects. This work was carried out on CNS, ANS and PNS, cardiovascular system, respiratory and gastroenteric apparatus as well as anti-inflammatory activity and gastric tolerance. The most evident secondary effects were: a certain sedation, as a light tranquillizing agent, a hypothermic effect when it was administered at high doses, a certain beta-blocking and antiarrhythmic activity probably due to its local anaesthetic action. All the side effects appeared at high doses, much higher than the therapeutic ones. PMID- 6976175 TI - [2'Deoxyadenosine/adenosine deaminase ratio in pleural and peritoneal effusions. Diagnostic significance]. AB - It has been observed that adenosine deaminase activity in human beings differ between serum and tissues reference to optimal pH, Km and relative substrate specificity. Based upon the ratio between the activity of deaminase on 2'deoxyadenosine and adenosine, we may distinguish between a "serum type" enzyme and a "tissue type" enzyme. In sample of pleural and peritoneal fluid extracted from 92 patients with variable pathology, we have found the existence of a "tissue type" enzyme in three patients having empyemic pleural effusions and ten with malignant systemic pathology. PMID- 6976176 TI - [Serum 2'deoxyadenosine/adenosine deaminase ratio in clinical diagnosis]. AB - In humans Adenosine Deaminase activity (ADA) differs in serum and tissues in pH optimum, Km, and relative substrate specificity. Thus, on the basis of a major or a minor activity on 2'Deoxyadenosine, a "serum type"enzyme can be distinguished from a "tissue type" enzyme. The examination of ADA or relative substrate specificity (ratio 2'Deoxyadenosine/adenosine deaminase) in the serum of 174 patients with variant pathology, revealed the occurrence of a "tissue type" enzyme in sera of acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia patients. PMID- 6976177 TI - [Assay of serum 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by a competitive protein binding method]. AB - 24-25(OH)2 D3 is a vitamin D metabolite due to renal 24-hydroxylation of 25OHD3. The metabolite has some important biological functions on the bone and intestine. Its affinity to the D serum binding protein allows a competitive binding protein assay to be carried out as for 25OHD3, following a chromatographic purification step on Sephadex LH 20. Serum levels of the metabolite in 18 control subjects were found to be 2,69 +/- 1,34 ng/ml while 25OHD3 was 17,41 +/- 7,39 ng/ml and the ratio 24-25(OH)2D3 /25OHD3 in the serum was 0,15. The assay of 24-25(OH)2D3 is useful for physiological studies and for identification of vitamin D depletion states. PMID- 6976178 TI - [Metamorphosis of Hyla arborea and of Rana esculenta in conditions of environmental pollution: a biostatistical study]. AB - An extention to the largest possible numbers of animal species is a basic requirement when damages induced by pollutants are studies with a specific purpose of defining the concentrations of pollutants compatible with the conservation of the biochemical system. Animals should be bred in standard conditions, and the natural habitat is to be reproduced in the laboratory. The studies should also be planned favoring these statistical elaborations which are suitable of application also in case of interruption of the experimental design. The results of two experiments are reported in example, in which the metamorphoses of Rana esculenta and Hyla arborea are compared in standard conditions and during pollution with "fanghi rossi" (containing titanium dioxide). PMID- 6976179 TI - Dissection of ascending aorta. Rare complication of aortocoronary venous bypass surgery. AB - Dissection of the ascending aorta is a rare complication of aortocoronary bypass surgery. A 63-year-old man who had received a double graft was found to have dissection of the ascending aorta, which was shown angiographically four months after operation. Since the patient was asymptomatic, operation was postponed. He has been followed up regularly and two years later his condition is still satisfactory. PMID- 6976180 TI - Electrophoretic mobility of mouse T-cell hybrids. AB - The hybrid cell line BH2 was derived by fusion between an AKR thymoma BW5147 (HGPRT-) and C57BL thymoma EL-4R (TK-). The hybrid cells showed a near-tetraploid modal number of chromosomes, in contrast to the near-diploid stem-lines of both parental cell populations; most of the BH2 hybrid cells acquired marker chromosomes from both parental cell lines. Inoculation of the parental and hybrid cells into C57BL and AKR mice revealed that the possible admixture of revertant parental cells in the hybrid cell population was less than 10(-4). Anodic electrophoretic mobilities (AEM) of the mouse thymoma lines and their hybrids were compared with each other and with normal mouse lymphoid cells. The AEM of the parental and hybrid T-cell lines was slower than that of mouse T LNC and comparable with AEM of some thymocyte subsets. The mean AEM of parental and hybrid cell lines was 0.69 micrometers/sec/V/cm for BW5147 cells, 0.96 for EL-4R cells and 0.83 for BH2 cells, the mean AEM of the hybrid cell population being identical with the mean of the parental AEM values. The mean AEM was found to be a relatively stable characteristic of each cell line. PMID- 6976181 TI - Folate catabolism in tumour-bearing rats and rats treated with methotrexate. AB - The metabolism of (2-14C) + (3',5',7,9-3H) folic acid was studied in normal rats, tumour-bearing rats and rats treated with methotrexate (MTX). The experiments were designed to investigate changes in the catabolism and folate. The breakdown of folate to scission products was again demonstrated to be a normal phenomenon. Catabolites excreted included p-acetamidobenzoate, p-acetamidobenzoyl-L glutamate, 3H2O, urea and a number of pterins. The catabolic process was decreased in the presence of a tumour and increased by the administration of MTX. MTX also led to the excretion of 4 additional radioactive pterins not found in normal urine. The possible mechanisms of folate breakdown are discussed with reference to the point of action of MTX. PMID- 6976182 TI - Megaloblastic change is a feature of colonies derived from an early erythroid progenitor (BFU-E) stimulated by monocytes in culture. AB - The morphology of stained preparations of cells from human bone marrow and peripheral blood erythroid colonies cultured in methylcellulose, were examined by light microscopy. Although the morphology of 7 d erythroid colonies (CFU-E) was largely normoblastic, bone marrow and peripheral blood erythroid burst (BFU-E) showed a variable degree of megaloblastic and culture system and the deoxyuridine suppression test demonstrated active thymidine synthesis. Megaloblastic morphology was correlated with the growth induced by the addition of monocytes to erythroid progenitors. It was concluded that megaloblastosis was a feature of the erythroblasts derived from an early BFU-E which required monocytes for their development. PMID- 6976183 TI - T-cell subpopulations in multiple myeloma: correlation with clinical disease status. AB - T-lymphocyte subpopulations bearing Fc receptors for IgM (T mu) or for IgG (T gamma) were studied in blood specimens obtained from 40 normal volunteers and from 16 patients with multiple myeloma. The myeloma patients showed a significant imbalance in T-cell subpopulations characterized by an increase in the percentages of T gamma cells to 30.0 +/- 3.9% (mean +/- SEM) compared with 12.0 +/- 3.0% for the controls (P less than 0.001). The patients exhibited a decreased proportion of T mu cells (13.4 +/- 4.1%) compared with the control value of 55 +/ 7% (P less than 0.001). When the results were analysed according to clinical status it was the patients with indolent or well-controlled disease and not those with progressive disease who exhibited an elevated proportion of T gamma cells. The elevation of T gamma cells or of a subpopulation of suppressor cells should be further studied as a possible mechanism of disease control in multiple myeloma. PMID- 6976184 TI - Expression of receptors for IgA in hairy-cell and other B-cell leukaemias. AB - In six cases of both hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) it was shown that the pathological cells express receptors for the Fc portion of IgA (RFc alpha). Many of the cells simultaneously expressed receptors for IgA, IgM and IgG, and blocking studies showed that these are distinct receptors. In contrast, the malignant cell of most of the various other B-cell leukaemias studied showed low levels of RFc alpha expression. The significance of the results is briefly discussed and it is suggested that receptor expression may be a marker of certain stages of B-cell development. PMID- 6976186 TI - Kinetics of nerve impulse blocking by protein cross-linking aldehydes. Apparent critical thermal points. AB - The effect of formaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, glutaraldehyde and cinnamaldehyde on the compound action potential of frog sciatic nerve was studied in the temperature domain 20-35 degrees C at various aldehyde concentrations. All these reagents gradually decrease the amplitude of nerve action potential, up to the complete block, the order of effectiveness being: crotonaldehyde greater than cinnamaldehyde greater than butyraldehyde greater than formaldehyde greater than glutaraldehyde. The effect of cinnamaldehyde is almost completely reversible, while all others have irreversible action. The dependence of the blocking time on temperature and concentration is well expressed in all cases by the same empirical equation. This dependence points to the existence of critical temperatures, specific for each aldehyde, at which impulse blocking would be instantaneous, regardless of concentration. These temperatures (obtained by extrapolation) lie between 43 degrees C (for crotonaldehyde) and 57.5 degrees C (for butyraldehyde). The existence of free amino groups within ionic channels, as main sites of aldehyde attack, is inferred. PMID- 6976185 TI - Mapping the active sites of bovine thrombin, factor IXa, factor Xa, factor XIa, factor XIIa, plasma kallikrein, and trypsin with amino acid and peptide thioesters: development of new sensitive substrates. AB - The subsite specificities of bovine factor IXa, factor Xa, factor XIa, factor XIIa, thrombin, plasma kallikrein, and trypsin were mapped with amino acid, dipeptide, and longer peptide thioester substrates. Each substrate contained a P1 Arg residue. The P1' residues included thiol residues which are analogues of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, respectively, and the P2 residue included 12 representative amino acid residues. Longer substrates with the sequence at the antithrombin III reactive site and at the zymogen activation site of various coagulation factors were also studied. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the thioesters was measured in the presence of 4,4'-dithiodipyridine which provides a very sensitive assay for the free thiol. The thioesters were excellent substrates for the coagulation factors studied, and the kcat/Km values for the best thioester substrates were higher than those previously reported for most of these enzymes. Thrombin and plasma kallikrein were the most active of the coagulation factors toward the thioester substrates. The best substrate for thrombin was Z-Gly-Arg SCH2C6H5, although substrates containing proline in the P2 position were also quite effective. Some of the better substrates for plasma kallikrein had a P2 Phe or Trp residue. Factor IXa was the least reactive of the coagulation factors and hydrolyzed only four of the dipeptide thioesters. Substrates with bulky hydrophobic groups such as Phe or Trp in the P2 position were the most reactive with factor IXa. Factor Xa hydrolyzed all the thioester substrates tested, the most reactive being Z-Gly-Arg-SCH2C6H5. This is consistent with the fact that glycine and arginine are present in the P2 and P1 positions, respectively, of the factor Xa sensitive bonds in prothrombin which is the physiological substrate for factor Xa. Bovine factor XIa showed the least amount of specificity of the various coagulation factors and was quite reactive toward all of the thioester substrates. The most sensitive substrate for this enzyme was also Z-Gly-Arg SCH2C6H5. Factor XIIa preferred the dipeptide with a P2 Phe, although the simpler thioester Z-Arg-SCH2CH(CH3)2 was more reactive. Trypsin hydrolyzed all of the thioester substrates at a high rate and showed little substrate specificity. With all enzymes studied, extension of the thioester substrate beyond P2 or the P1' thiol leaving group did not lead to an improvement in hydrolysis. Due to their high kcat/Km values and the ease of detecting the thiol leaving group, thioester substrates should be extremely useful for future studies of coagulation proteases. PMID- 6976187 TI - High-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of muscle. AB - High-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of intact muscles of frog and rat were obtained with selective saturation of the water signal. The spectra consisted of the superposition of a broad component and a high-resolution portion. The line width of the former was about 5 ppm and is assumed to originate from the protons of the macromolecules in muscle. The high-resolution portion showed well-resolved signals arising from creatine phosphate, creatine, carnosine, lactate and lipids. It is suggested that this technique could be used to monitor the intracellular pH by measuring the chemical shift of carnosine and the lipid consumption due to muscular contraction. When the spectrum of 31P-NMR is prepared simultaneously, the ratio of creatine phosphate to total creatine can also be determined. PMID- 6976188 TI - [Role of potassium permeability in action potential development in denervated frog muscle fibers]. PMID- 6976189 TI - Deoxyadenosine metabolism in the erythrocytes of children with severe, combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 6976190 TI - [Functional-morphologic features of the adrenal cortex in white rats during protracted exposure to styrene]. AB - Experiments on rats showed that long-term styrene exposure suppresses both specific and nonspecific cell metabolic indices in different adrenocortical areas. However, the sensitivity of the different areas proved to vary under styrene exposure. This allows the suggestion that each area undergoes different degree of damage which brings about the disturbance of optimum correlations between various functions of the adrenal cortex. Administration of metapirone during the first weeks of exposure diminishes the main effect of styrene. It is concluded that one of the possible factors leading to the development of abnormalities under chronic exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons may involve the breach of the correlations between different structural components of the adrenal cortex thereby favouring the maintenance of the whole body discordance. PMID- 6976191 TI - [Various biochemical and biophysical properties of a subpopulation of rat thymocytes isolated in a Ficoll gradient]. AB - Subpopulations of rat thymocytes were obtained by cell precipitation in a single stage transient phycoll gradient (isorapid precipitation). The fraction obtained were characterized in terms of the size, intensity of UV fluorescence, protein content and nucleoid mobility. The radius of thymocytes and UV fluorescence intensity monotonously increased during the transfer from the upper to lower fractions. The cells of medium-size fractions were characterized by the minimum content of cytoproteins and maximum mobility of nucleoid. In order to evaluate the density of thymocytes in the fractions, use was made of an additional cell precipitation in the phycoll-paque stage rho = 1.077. Incubation of thymocytes in medium 199 with a 10% rat serum led to the increased cell density in all the fractions, particularly in medium-size ones. Gamma-irradiation of thymocytes in a dose of 5 Gy appreciably accelerated the process under consideration. It is assumed that the medium-size fractions are enriched with thymocytes in G1 S phase, while lower fractions in G2 phase of the mitotic cycle. At the same time the fractions obtained appear to contain the subpopulations of thymocytes undergoing different stages of differentiation. PMID- 6976192 TI - [Effect of motropin and naloxone on electroacupuncture analgesia]. AB - It was demonstrated in experiments on awake rabbits that electroacupuncture increases the pain threshold (the tail-flick-test) and suppresses the second positive wave of evoked potential in the somatosensory cortex in response to nociceptive electrocutaneous stimulation. Naloxone, the typical antagonist of narcotic analgetics, in doses of 0.05-0.1 mg/kg completely blocks the effects induced by electroacupuncture. The similar effects were produced by motropin, a new antagonist of narcotic analgetics, belonging to the tropan series, administered in doses of 10-20 mg/kg. PMID- 6976193 TI - [Morphology of experimental pancreonecrosis following treatment with 5 fluorouracil]. AB - Histological and electron microscopic study of the pancreas and biochemical determination of pancreatic enzymes in blood serum were performed in animals with experimental pancreonecrosis and after the treatment with 5-fluorouracil. The treatment resulted in the decreased secretion of pancreatic acinus tissue, diminution of destructive and inflammatory lesions and the decreased levels of trypsin, alpha-amylase and transamidinase. It is suggested that 5-fluorouracil may be used in the combined treatment of acute pancreonecrosis. PMID- 6976194 TI - Granulocyte-associated IgG in neutropenic disorders. AB - We applied a radiolabeled antiglobulin test to a study of patients with a variety of neutropenic disorders. After defining the nature of the interaction of radiolabeled anti-IgG with the neutrophil, we studied 16 patients with neutropenia of uncertain etiology and adequate bone marrow granulocyte precursors. Twelve of these 16 patients had increased neutrophil-associated IgG (PMN-IgG). Patients with the highest levels of PMN-IgG had the lowest neutrophil counts. The majority of patients with neutropenia and increased PMN-IgG had an underlying immunologic disorder that included immune thrombocytopenic purpura in 5 patients and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in 1 patient. In some patients, elevated PMN-IgG preceded other evidence for immunologic disease. The direct antiglobulin test helped to distinguish neutropenic patients with increased PMN IgG both from patients with neutropenia due to a known nonimmune disorder and from nonneutropenic patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosis. Each of four patients with increased neutrophil-associated IgG treated with systemic corticosteroids responded clinically with an associated fall in neutrophil IgG and a rise in the circulating neutrophil count. The radiolabeled antiglobulin test appears useful in defining a subpopulation of patients with neutropenia due to an underlying immunologic disorder. PMID- 6976195 TI - Factor(s) responsible for the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity of postmitotic granulocytes from normal individuals and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - Using postmitotic granulocytes (PMGs) with low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity (NAP activity), factor(s) having the capacity to increase their NAP activity were examined in vitro. A high activity of the factor was demonstrated in the cystic fluid of a human squamous cell carcinoma, which is known to produce a large amount of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The NAP-stimulating factor increased NAP values both in PMGs from normal bone marrow and PMGs from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and NAP values in cells treated with the factor approached or rose above those of normal peripheral granulocytes after 48 hr of culture. The effect of the factor was specific in that the factor caused stimulation only in granulocytic series. These findings may indicate that increases in NAP activity reflect maturation or granulocytes and that low NAP activity of neutrophils derived from patients with CML is due to the immaturity of these cells. The relationship between the factor responsible for the increase in NAP activity and GM-CSF is also discussed. PMID- 6976196 TI - Cyclic hematopoiesis: effects of lithium on colony-forming cells and colony stimulating activity in grey collie dogs. AB - The cycling of blood cell counts in grey collie dogs with cyclic hematopoiesis can be eliminated by treatment with oral lithium carbonate. To explore the mechanism by which lithium alters this stem cell disorder, studies of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C), neutrophil colony-forming cells (neutrophilic CFU-C), and colony-stimulating activity (CSA) were performed. In untreated dogs, the proportions of CFU-C were found to fluctuate cyclically, but the cyclic fluctuations in neutrophil colony-forming cells were even more marked, with numbers decreasing to undetectable levels during each period of neutrophilia. Dogs on lithium, however, did not cycle the numbers of total or neutrophilic CFU-C. Tritiated thymidine suicide rates were not altered by treatment with lithium. Serum CSA levels and bone marrow cell elaboration of CSA were not increased by lithium. These studies suggest that lithium corrects cyclic neutropenia by a direct effect on the differentiation and proliferation of CFU-C; normalization of the proportion of CFU-C that enter neutrophilopoiesis appears to be an important effect of the lithium therapy. PMID- 6976201 TI - Positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms and the role of dopamine. PMID- 6976197 TI - Inhibition of bone marrow myeloid precursor cell proliferation by chemotactic oligopeptides. AB - Three N-formylated oligopeptides with different known activities as chemotactic factors for leukocytes were studied to determined if these mediators affect the in vitro proliferation of myelomonocytic colony-forming cells (CFU-C) recovered from murine bone marrow. All three oligopeptides inhibited CFU-C growth in a dose dependent fashion that correlated with their relative potencies as chemotactic factors. This inhibition was not altered by growth of CFU-C in the presence of indomethacin, by varying the concentrations of colony-stimulating factor (CSF), or by depleting marrow cell preparations of mature granulocytic elements. These studies indicate that chemotactic factors may mediate myelosuppression through effects on committed myeloid precursor cells in the marrow. PMID- 6976200 TI - Altered glucose metabolism in intact and tumor bearing rats subjected to local hyperthermia. AB - Blood glucose levels were temporarily elevated in normal and in tumor bearing Lewis rats subjected to one local hyperthermic treatment in the leg or in the upper abdomen. Serum transferred from locally heated animals or serum heated in vitro and injected to normal recipients resulted in elevated blood glucose levels. These findings indicate that local hyperthermia affects the treated host systematically, and that following local hyperthermia, the elevation in blood glucose levels is serum mediated. PMID- 6976199 TI - Cyclic neutropenia (CN): a clue to the control of granulopoiesis. AB - A simple quantitative feedback model of granulopoiesis is presented and discussed within the framework of existing data on granulopoiesis in both normals and patients with cyclic neutropenia (CN). The model assumes that the controlled compartment is the bone marrow pool of mature neutrophils (PMNs), which sends a negative feedback signal to the mitotic pool of early granulocyte precursors (i.e., CFU-C, myeloblasts, etc.) thus controlling the granulocyte production rate. Three parameters are found to play important roles in determining the response of the system to perturbations. These are: TM, the granulocyte maturation time; a, a parameter reflecting the strength of the negative feedback exerted by mature PMNs on the granulocyte production rate; and b, a parameter describing the leakiness of the bone marrow for PMN egress. It is shown that depending on the relative magnitudes of a and b, the system will either respond to perturbations with a damped oscillation (a less than b: the normal state) or with a sustained oscillation (a greater than b: the CN state). In both cases, the oscillation period is found to approximately equal 2TM. Deductions of the values of a, b, and TM from experimental data are consistent with the predictions of the model and show an increased value of a in CN relative to the normal state. This suggests an overly active feedback mechanism as the pathophysiologic basis of CN. In addition, the model can explain how various therapeutic agent correct CN and also provides insight into why other hematologic cell lines and CSA oscillate in CN. PMID- 6976198 TI - Human platelet surface binding of endogenous secreted factor VIII-von Willebrand factor and platelet factor 4. AB - Washed human platelets in buffers containing either 2 mM Ca++ or 4 mM EDTA were stimulated by human alpha-thrombin to induce secretion. The binding of two endogenous secreted proteins, factor-VIII-related protein (VIII-R) (von Willebrand factor) and platelet factor 4, was measured by reacting thrombin treated and control platelets with specific antibodies to these proteins, then quantifying antibody binding with 125I-staphylococcal protein A. Both of these granule proteins were associated with the platelet membrane surface by a calcium dependent mechanism after thrombin-induced secretion. This ability to bind endogenous secreted proteins to the plasma membrane surface may provide a mechanism by which the platelet can concentrate and organize its secreted proteins for subsequent physiologic reactions. PMID- 6976202 TI - [Biological characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis]. PMID- 6976203 TI - Loss of receptor activity for mouse erythrocytes precedes tumour promoter-induced maturation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. AB - The tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced differentiation in lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The differentiation was detected by the appearance of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (CIg) and a plasmacytoid morphology, and was accompanied by the loss of the ability of the CLL cells to rosette with mouse erythrocytes (M). Loss of M rosetting occurred rapidly (within 10 min), was not prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D and was elicited by low concentrations of TPA (ED50 8 X 10(-10) M). Inhibition of rosette formation was induced by other phorbol diester promoters, but not non-promoting derivatives. Loss of the capacity to form M rosettes occurs before events which are evidently related to genome activation. PMID- 6976204 TI - Purine deoxynucleoside toxicity in nondividing human lymphoid cells. AB - Cultured leukemic T-lymphoblasts, incubated in the presence of inhibitors of adenosine deaminase, are exquisitely sensitive to growth inhibition by deoxyadenosine. An analogy between this phenomenon and human combined immunodeficiency disease associated with inborn adenosine deaminase deficiency and the use of inhibitors of adenosine deaminase in the management of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been noted. These phenomena are believed to reflect accumulation of high intracellular concentrations of deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) following phosphorylation of deoxyadenosine, inhibiting replicating T-cells. In an attempt to extend these observations to noncultured, nonleukemic T-cells, we studied deoxyadenosine metabolism in human thymocytes. Human thymuses were separated into large replicating and small nondividing cell types by centrifugal elutriation. Both thymocyte subpopulations elevated in their dATP pools on incubation with microM concentrations of deoxyadenosine in the presence of erythro-9-[3-(2-hydroxynonyl)]adenosine, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. These dATP pool rises were similar in extent to those found in cultured leukemic T-lymphoblasts. However, the finding that small nonreplicating thymocytes elevate their dATP pool was unexpected. This prompted study of unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. These cells (T and non-T) showed a similar elevation of their dATP pool on incubation with deoxyadenosine. Furthermore, these nondividing peripheral blood lymphocytes were killed by microM concentrations of deoxyadenosine in the presence of an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The biochemical mechanism of this G0-phase cell death is not known. These findings provide impetus for the investigation of adenosine deaminase inhibitors as lympholytic immunosuppressants or as agents to noncycling malignant lymphoid cells. PMID- 6976205 TI - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide elaborated by Haemophilus influenza type d. AB - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide elaborated by Haemophilus influenzae type d has been investigated, methylation analysis and n.m.r. spectrometry being the principal methods used. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of repeating units having the structure: leads to 4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-ManpNAcA-(1 leads to. In addition, single residues of L-alanine, L serine, or L-threonine, in the proportions 2:2:1, are linked, through their amino groups, to C-6 of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-mannopyranosyluronic acid residues. The degree of substitution (75-85%) varies for different preparations. PMID- 6976206 TI - Predictive value of symptom-limited exercise for risk assessment of primary and secondary events due to coronary heart disease in men. AB - Maximal exercise testing of middle-aged men with either risk factors or prior clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease (CHD), identifies subsets at increased risk for primary or secondary CHD events, aids selection of patients of coronary artery bypass surgery and reveals a subgroup at greater risk if treated with propranolol. PMID- 6976208 TI - [Attempts to use monocytes in HLA-DR immunology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976207 TI - Left ventricular function during exercise before and after bypass surgery. AB - Biplane left ventricular cineangiograms and pressure measurements were performed in 44 patients with coronary heart disease at rest and during submaximal or symptom-limited supine bicycle exercise before and 7 +/- 3 months after bypass surgery. Revascularization was complete in 12 (group I) and incomplete in 32 patients (group II). Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was within normal limits at rest and declined similarly during exercise in both groups (group I from 59 to 51%, p less than 0.01; group II from 61 to 48%, p less than 0.001). Postoperative EF at rest was nearly identical to preoperative EF in both groups (group I, 65%; group II, 58%) and remained unchanged during exercise (group I, 63%; group II, 56%). Peak systolic pressure to end-systolic volume index ratio (LVSP/ESVI in mm Hg/ml . m-2) also decreased during exercise in both groups preoperatively (group I from 3.7 to 3.2, NS; group II from 3.4 to 2.6, p less than 0.005). Postoperative LVSP/ESVI at rest was again unchanged as compared to preoperative LVSP/ESVI. During exercise, however, it increased in both groups reaching higher values in patients of group I than of group II (5.1 versus 3.7, p less than 0.05). Whereas both parameters indicate an improvement in global left ventricular function following surgery, LVSP/ESVI even suggests a more sizable recovery of function in patients with complete as compared to those with incomplete revascularization. PMID- 6976209 TI - Ultrastructure of the jugular body of Rana pipiens. AB - The jugular bodies in adult Rana pipiens, are surrounded by a capsule of mesothelium and connective tissue, and their parenchyma consists of cell cords arranged in a sinusoidal network. The cell cords are formed by irregular reticular cells, showing numerous filaments and joined together by zonulae adherents. The intercellular spaces are filled by reticular fibres and free cells. These latter are small and medium lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, and developing and mature plasma cells. Additionally, free macrophages, neutrophils and acidophils also occur. Sinusoidal blood vessels show thin walls with numerous filaments and pinocytotic vesicles. They exhibit a discontinuous basement membrane, and tight junctions frequently occur between endothelial cells. Occasionally, lymphatic vessels are found and the innervation is principally vasomotor, although nerve endings appear remarkably near reticular cells and lymphocytes. The jugular bodies of adult R. pipiens are plasma cell and antibody forming organs, whose functional significance is discussed in relation to their ultrastructural organization. PMID- 6976210 TI - Changing behavior of surface immunoglobulin on mouse B lymphocytes during immune development. I. LPS-induced changes in the lateral mobility of B lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins on two populations which express different surface immunoglobulin phenotypes. PMID- 6976211 TI - Changing behavior of surface immunoglobulin on mouse B lymphocytes during immune development. II. Surface immunoglobulin modulation clearly distinguishes two stages of B-cell maturation in the neonate. PMID- 6976212 TI - Antitumor immunity in B-lymphocyte-deprived mice. II. In vitro studies. PMID- 6976213 TI - Cytolytic T lymphocyte mediated chromium-51 release versus spontaneous release from blast and spleen cell targets at low temperatures. PMID- 6976215 TI - Mechanisms of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae. I. Analysis of antibody and T-lymphocyte responses in mouse strains developing differing levels of immunity. PMID- 6976214 TI - Effects of cyclophosphamide and cortisone on the virus-immune response characteristics of thymocytes and the early reconstitution profiles of P leads to F1 chimeras. PMID- 6976216 TI - [Anxiety and other neurotic symptoms in auditory and vestibular disorders]. PMID- 6976217 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of neurinomas and meningiomas of the cerebellopontile angle]. PMID- 6976219 TI - [The role of saturation in color vision tests used for diabetics]. PMID- 6976218 TI - [Use of a heterologous antigen (Schistosoma bovis) for the immunoenzymatic serodiagnosis of urinary bilharziasis]. AB - The authors propose the utilisation of an heterologous antigen, Schistosoma bovis for the diagnosis of human schistosomiases by enzyme immunoassay. The method is particularly recommended for the detection of S. haematobium and S. intercalatum diseases. It is sensitive and reproducible, its specificity being only limited by the existence of cross-reactions with some tissular helminthiases. PMID- 6976220 TI - [A new case homocystinuria]. PMID- 6976221 TI - Epidemiology of cataract - a major cause of preventable blindness. AB - Cataract, or opacity of the lens of the eye, is the most common easily correctable cause of blindness in the world. However, little is known of its prevalence and incidence in different regions, particularly in developing countries, or of the relative importance of the various risk factors. This article describes the available knowledge on the epidemiology of cataract in both developing and industrialized countries, and reviews the methods used to obtain these data. The various predisposing factors, such as diabetes, exposure to radiation, and abnormalities of metabolism, along with the possible mechanisms of cataract formation, are also discussed. PMID- 6976222 TI - Requirements for laboratory animals in health programmes. AB - Laboratory animals are essential for the successful execution of many health programmes. A wide variety of animal models is used in the worldwide efforts to improve the control of various diseases, and in the basic research needed to improve health care. Biomedical programmes require specially-bred animals reared under controlled conditions, with close attention given to such factors as physical environment, nutrition, microbiological status, and genetic background. The need for a regular supply of appropriate animals has led to the development of a field of study known as laboratory animal science, and a speciality within veterinary medicine known as laboratory animal medicine. The importance of laboratory animals is recognized by the World Health Organization, which, in cooperation with other organizations, provides training, technical information, and consultative support in this field. PMID- 6976223 TI - [The focusing on and use of anti-influenza vaccines]. PMID- 6976224 TI - Results of three years of cercarial transmission control in the Volta Lake. AB - After three years of cercarial transmission control using focal application of niclosamide and weed removal in water contact sites (WCSs) in the project area of the Volta Lake, the numbers of WCSs infested with cercariae and infected snails were reduced by over 90% in areas of both high and low endemicity. This, combined with selective population chemotherapy, reduced the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection by 72% in the area of low endemicity and 40% in the area of high endemicity. The intensity of infection in the villages was reduced by 78% in both areas. The overall annual cost of the cercarial transmission control programme was US $1.09 per capita. PMID- 6976225 TI - Transmission dynamics of miracidia of Schistosoma haematobium in the Volta Lake. AB - Schistosoma haematobium miracidia were detected in sentinel snails placed in 16 human water contact sites in the Volta Lake, each month from March 1973 to November 1977. Results showed that rates of infection were seasonal, and that infected snails were more often found in water contact sites sheltered by emergent plant growth than in exposed open beach sites with no emergent vegetation. Sentinel snail infection rates were correlated with natural snail infection rates and with epidemiological levels of schistosomiasis in village inhabitants. After two years of chemotherapy and mollusciciding, levels of disease and sentinel snail infection rates dropped in two-thirds of the villages. In the remaining villages, however, the sentinel snail infection rates were not correlated with the fall in epidemiological level, because of ecological changes in the water contact sites.It is concluded that, unless control measures are continued, the constant changes in the lake shore environment will lead to a rapid re-establishment of previous levels of disease transmission. PMID- 6976226 TI - [Sexually transmitted diseases in a French department, 1978]. PMID- 6976228 TI - Plague in Brazil during two years of bacteriological and serological surveillance. AB - In north-east Brazil, where plague infection is endemic, bacteriological and serological methods were employed during a two-year period to determine accurately the occurrence of human infection and to define certain epidemiological features of both human and rodent infection. There were 67 confirmed cases of plague, predominantly among males and children. Most of these cases occurred in two inland rural plateaux of Ceara State. Clustering of cases in place and time was common, as was a history of contact with rats. Peak occurrence was in November 1978, during the warm, harvest time of year. Rodent surveillance resulted in isolation of Yersinia pestis from 33 animals, most of them from the field rodent, Zygodontomys pixuna, in the States of Pernambuco and Ceara. Our results indicate a decline in the number of human cases from previous years but show that several foci remain active and that serological testing, in addition to routine bacteriological testing, can assist workers in maintaining the surveillance of both human and rodent plague in Brazil. PMID- 6976229 TI - Dengue in the Seychelles. AB - Epidemics of dengue-like illness occurred in the Seychelles from December 1976 to April 1977 and from December 1978 to January 1979. Dengue 2 virus was isolated from individuals who had been in the Seychelles in 1977. From February to April 1979, sera were collected from outpatients in Mahe, Seychelles, who had not previously been hospitalized with a dengue-like illness. Results of neutralization tests with these sera indicated that prevalence rates for the four dengue viruses were between 81% and 91.8% and that dengue 2 was the most probable etiological agent in the epidemics. In addition, antibodies to chikungunya (8.7%) and Sindbis (7.4%) viruses were found, providing, for the first time, evidence of the presence of these two alphaviruses in the Seychelles. PMID- 6976227 TI - [An epidemiological study of purulent meningitis cases admitted to hospital in Dakar, 1970-1979]. PMID- 6976230 TI - Viraemia in patients with naturally acquired dengue infection. AB - The magnitude and duration of dengue viraemia were studied in 153 patients with naturally acquired dengue infection in Jakarta, Indonesia. The duration of viraemia ranged from 2 to 12 days, but most patients had detectable circulating virus for 4-5 days. Accurate measurement of peak virus titres was not possible for many patients because of late admission to the hospital. Composite pictures of viraemia for each serotype, however, showed that many patients infected with dengue 1, 2, or 3 had circulating virus titres ranging from barely detectable to over 10(8) MID(50) per ml for 3-5 days. Virus titres in patients infected with dengue 4 were about 100-fold lower. Dengue haemagglutination-inhibition antibody titres of 80 or less had little effect on viraemia, but antibody titres of 160 or greater were associated with a decrease in virus isolation rate and in virus titre. The duration and magnitude of viraemia did not vary significantly with the severity of the disease and was only slightly higher in patients classified as primary dengue infections than in those classified as secondary infections. Measurement of viraemia in fatal dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases showed that these patients had significant quantities of circulating virus at the time of death. PMID- 6976232 TI - Treatment of syphilis. AB - THE RESULTS OF THE TREATMENT OF EARLY SYPHILIS WITH PENICILLIN HAVE BEEN EXCELLENT: patients are rendered non-infectious within hours, sero-reversal to tests with lipid antigens occurs within months and insignificant numbers of patients with cardiovascular or neurosyphilis are found among those who have received adequate treatment. On the other hand, seropositivity to tests with treponemal antigens may persist, sometimes indefinitely, and reinfections are, today, by no means uncommon. The physician also has a responsibility to persuade the patient with early infectious syphilis to induce the person who was the source of the infection and subsequent sexual partners to undergo examination and treatment.In late syphilis, no treatment can repair structural damage that has already occurred, e.g., severed neurons in the nervous system or loss of elastic tissue in the aortic wall, and clinical progression may occur in spite of treatment. Nevertheless, penicillin provides the basis of therapy.Early congenital syphilis, like the acquired infection, responds well to penicillin. However, because benzathine penicillin penetrates poorly into the cerebrospinal fluid much higher doses of procaine penicillin are now recommended, or alternatively the use of crystalline penicillin G.A recent WHO Scientific Group on Treponemal Infections has made new recommendations concerning the treatment of syphilis and these will be considered by the next WHO Expert Committee on Venereal Diseases, Treponematoses and Neisseria infections. Some of these recommendations are outlined in this article. PMID- 6976231 TI - Field measurement of the effective dominance of an insecticide resistance in anopheline mosquitos. AB - Anopheles culicifacies that were susceptible, heterozygous, or homozygous resistant to HCH and dieldrin were differentially marked with fluorescent dusts and released twice weekly into village huts in Pakistan that had been sprayed with four different dosages of HCH to see which of the genotypes died and which survived. The three highest dosages killed all three genotypes in the first four weeks, and heterozygotes and susceptibles for at least 12 weeks. The lowest dosage killed all the susceptibles throughout the period, and all but 0.07% of the heterzygotes. Thus the resistance is effectively recessive at the higher dosages and unlikely to be selected rapidly, as long as the gene frequency is low to start with and the houses are sprayed regularly. Similar releases of partially and completely resistant A. stephensi, and completely resistant A. subpictus, showed greater survival rates on exposure to the high HCH dosages than the same genotypes of A. culicifacies. PMID- 6976233 TI - Clinical management of acute respiratory infections in children: a WHO memorandum. AB - To reduce the massive mortality from acute respiratory infections which now occurs in children under 5 years of age in developing countries, the improvement and upgrading of clinical management, particularly by primary health care workers, seems to be the strategy of choice. This Memorandum draws attention to the need for more information on both the etiological agents and the environmental factors involved, in order to provide a scientific basis for approaches to control.In spite of the lack of precise information, it may still be possible to devise guidelines for effective management within the framework of primary health care, on the basis of the existing empirical knowledge. Such plans should emphasize the role of health education and the development of simple flowcharts for diagnosis and management. Treatment schedules based on the administration of antibiotics are discussed. One use of flowcharts is to specify when drugs should and should not be used, bearing in mind local conditions. PMID- 6976234 TI - Antibodies against poliomyelitis and measles viruses in immunized and unimmunized children, Ghana 1976-78. AB - The serological response of children to two doses of live oral poliomyelitis vaccine (the first at age 3-8 months and the second at age 9-14 months) and to one dose of measles vaccine (at age 9-14 months) was determined in two regions of Ghana. The seroconversion rates after two doses of poliomyelitis vaccine were lower than expected-24% for poliovirus type 1, 60% for type 2, and 52% for type 3; 23% of the subjects were triple negative. A third dose of the vaccine increased the seroconversion rates to 36%, 73%, and 61% for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, respectively; the rate for triple negatives fell to 8%. In the course of the study it was found that there was an intensive circulation of wild polioviruses and that a high proportion of 3-8 month-old infants had maternal antibodies.The seroconversion rate following one dose of measles vaccine was about 90%, a response similar to that obtained in temperate climates. The two main conclusions drawn from the study were: (1) two doses of poliomyelitis vaccine are inadequate to provide protection against poliomyelitis in developing countries; and (2) in developing countries measles vaccine should be given as soon as possible after the age of 8 months. PMID- 6976235 TI - The primary serological response to a single dose of adsorbed tetanus toxoid, high concentration type. AB - Single-dose immunization against tetanus was studied in 511 previously non immunized residents of rural villages in Upper Volta. Males and females were equally represented and a wide age range was covered. A single dose of adsorbed tetanus toxoid containing 17.5 Lf units of toxoid and 3.86 mg of aluminium phosphate per 0.5 ml dose was used. Blood samples were taken 7 days, 2 months, and 12 months after immunization, and serum antitoxin titres were determined by neutralization titrations in mice. Adverse reactions were negligible. Only 2 participants gave evidence of prior immunization by developing detectable antitoxin titres after 7 days; they were eliminated from the study. After 12 months, 59% of the participants had antitoxin titres of >/=0.01 IU/ml, a titre usually considered protective. The mean titre and the proportion of those protected decreased substantially with increasing age; overall, females gave somewhat greater serological responses than males. Mean titre increased by 25% between 2 months and 1 year after immunization; the increase was greater in females than in males. In children under 6 years of age, 100% of females and 82% of males had protective titres after 1 year. PMID- 6976236 TI - [3 cases of yellow fever contracted in Senegal]. PMID- 6976237 TI - Evaluation of five immunodiagnostic techniques in echinococcosis patients. AB - Double diffusion (DD), indirect haemagglutination (IHA), immunoelectrophoresis (IEP), latex agglutination (LA), and complement fixation (CF) tests were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of 141 surgically proven Turkana echinococcosis patients and 10 controls. The overall sensitivities for the tests were: IHA, 86.7%; LA, 53.3%; CF, 63.3%; DD, 55.0%; IEP, 55.0%. LA and CF tests produced a high number of false positive results; IHA gave a false positive result in 10% of cases; no false positives were obtained with IEP and DD. A combination of the latter three tests would therefore offer the best chance of detecting specific anti-Echinococcus antibodies, with an average sensitivity of 62.7%. The possible reasons for the relatively high incidence of false negative values are discussed. PMID- 6976238 TI - [Excess mortality among blind persons in the West African savannah zone]. PMID- 6976239 TI - The role of field irrigation canals in the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan. AB - This study was carried out to determine the importance of small field irrigation canals (abu eshreens)-of which there are over 22 000 in the Gezira Scheme- in the transmission of schistosomiasis. The observations were made during a 12-month period, November 1976-November 1977. The results indicated that during the 4-year crop rotation the abu eshreens supported snail populations in only two seasons, when they were irrigating crops of either, cotton or groundnuts. Thus, when agricultural labourers built temporary dwellings on the abu eshreen banks during these periods, the probability of finding infected snails was high. The maximum risk periods occurred during vegetable harvesting (including groundnuts) (October December) and in the cotton picking season (January-April). Certain special situations lead to some abu eshreens playing an even greater and more predictable role in transmission. These occur when abu eshreens: (a) irrigate eucalyptus or fruit trees; (b) irrigate a block inspector's garden; or (c) are situated very close to permanent villages. Possible control measures to reduce the transmission potential of abu eshreens are discussed. These include improved maintenance and the use of either focally sprayed or slow-release molluscicides. PMID- 6976240 TI - Allergy to castor bean in the Sudan: measurement of serum IgE and specific IgE antibodies. AB - Allergy to castor bean was diagnosed in thirty-nine dockworkers from Port Sudan, on the basis of rhinitis and/or asthma provoked by castor bean dust, together with a positive prick test to a high dilution of castor bean extract. These were compared to twelve non-allergic dockworkers from Port Sudan and forty-three other Port Sudan residents. The castor bean allergic group had significantly higher IgE levels (mean 902 iu/ml) than the non-allergic dock workers (mean 245 iu/ml) or the Port Sudan residents (mean 404 iu/ml) P less than 0.01. IgE antibody to castor bean was detected in all the castor bean-allergic group, and also in 25 35% of the Port Sudan resident group, but at a much lower level. No evidence was found to support the view that parasitic infestation (evidenced by IgE antibodies to Ascaris lumbricoides) prevented sensitization to castor bean or any other allergen. There was a higher incidence of IgE antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the castor bean-allergic dockworkers (18/36) than in the non allergic Port Sudan residents (5/43), although we were unable to show that sensitivity to other inhalant allergens pre-disposed to castor bean allergy. PMID- 6976241 TI - An evaluation of stabilizing agents in competitive protein-binding assay for 25 hydroxyvitamin D. PMID- 6976243 TI - The effect of a protein meal on three fluid-phase assays for circulating immune complexes. AB - Serial blood samples were taken from eight patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and five normal controls before and after a standard meal containing 20 g of protein. The samples were assayed for circulating immune complexes by the fluid-phase C1q, monoclonal rheumatoid factor and conglutinin binding assays. No significant differences were seen in the post- as compared to the pre-prandial levels of circulating immune complexes. In neither controls nor patients did circulating complexes appear for the first time within 90 min after starting the meal. We conclude that if systemic antigen--antibody reactions occur soon after a protein meal they are not detected by the polyethylene glycol dependent tests in current use and do not appear to influence the immediate clearance of endogenous immune complexes. PMID- 6976244 TI - Effects of levamisole on T lymphocyte colony formation by cells from bone marrow aspirates. AB - Levamisole has been added to cultures of bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). T lymphocytes colony forming cells (TL-CFC) in the peripheral blood produce a characteristic biphasic dose--response curve in cultures containing levamisole but the characteristics of the dose--response curve seen when levamisole is added to mononuclear cells obtained from bone marrow aspirates are strikingly different. The results suggest that the mixtures of bone marrow and blood obtained by aspiration contain different proportions of the cells which influence TL-CFC than either blood, or by implication, bone marrow alone. PMID- 6976242 TI - Purification and characterization of two functionally distinct forms of C1 inhibitor from a patient with angioedema. AB - A minority of patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) have normal concentrations of a dysfunctional C1 inhibitor protein (C1INH) in their plasmas. We purified C1INH from the plasmas of one such patient before and during treatment with the anabolic steroid stanozolol. Both the pretreatment plasma and plasma obtained during stanozolol treatment contained varying amounts of two extremely similar C1INH proteins that were functionally distinct. The pretreatment plasma contained primarily (94%) dysfunctional C1INH that did not inactivate or complex with either purified C1s, activated Hageman factor, or kallikrein and small amounts (6%) of functionally normal C1INH. Stanozolol treatment increased the plasma concentrations of both of these proteins as well as the proportion (23%) of functional C1INH in the plasma. The purified dysfunctional and functional C1INHs had identical or nearly identical molecular sizes, charges, amino acid compositions, and amino sugar contents, and could not be distinguished physicochemically from each other or from normal C1INH. From these studies of purified C1INH proteins we concluded that HAE associated with dysfunctional C1INH is due to a defect at the structural locus for one C1INH gene and that both the dysfunctional C1INH gene and the normal C1INH gene products are present in the plasma of the affected subject. Treatment with stanozolol comparably increased the synthesis of both C1INH proteins. The disproportionate rise in the level of the normal C1INH protein is consistent with the view that it is more rapidly catabolized as a consequence of its interaction with the proteases it inactivates. PMID- 6976245 TI - Inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A on peripheral blood and bone marrow T lymphocyte colony formation. AB - The effect of cyclosporin A on the formation of T lymphocyte colonies from human peripheral blood and bone marrow was tested using a double-layer technique. A moderate inhibition (27%) was observed on peripheral blood lymphocytes with concentrations of 0.1 microgram/ml of the drug; this increased to 57% with 1 microgram/ml and to almost 70% with 10 microgram/ml. Bone marrow cells were less sensitive to cyclosporin A. This was more evident at the lowest concentration of the drug (0.1 microgram/ml), with which a 14% inhibition was found. Higher concentrations (1--10 microgram/ml) produced 37 and 56% inhibition respectively. Overnight incubation with the drug followed by repeated washing of the cells did not influence colony growth. E-rosette formation was also not affected by cyclosporin A. The apparent greater sensitivity to the drug of peripheral blood than bone marrow T lymphocytes, possibly related to a different distribution of T colony-forming cells or of T lymphocyte subsets, may have some bearing on the clinical application of cyclosporin A in the prevention and treatment of graft versus-host disease in man. PMID- 6976247 TI - Formalin-treated bacteria as selective B cell mitogens: results in primary and acquired immunodeficiencies. AB - The mitogenic activity of the formalin-treated bacterial strains Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and the Cowan I strain of Staphylococcus aureus was assessed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with primary immunodeficiencies, acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and in umbilical cord blood lymphocytes. The bacteria selectively stimulated B cells, as demonstrated by the finding of a normal de novo DNA synthesis in children with a T cell defect and of an absent response in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia and severe combined immunodeficiency. A decreased mitogenic activity was exerted on PBL from four out of seven adults with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (CVH). In B-CLL the mitogenic activity was normal while in T-ALL it was decreased. Umbilical cord blood lymphocytes responded better than PBL from adults. The selective stimulative ability of the bacteria for B lymphocytes is expressed when PBL are cultured together with the formalin treated bacteria for 48 to 72 hr. PMID- 6976246 TI - Reactivity differences among human T cells from blood and lymphoid organs, analysed by limiting dilution: correlation with specific gravity and binding of peanut lectin. AB - Human T cells from peripheral blood, cord blood, thymus, spleen and lymph node were analysed for their proliferative response capacity to mitogens, for their specific gravity and size, and for their binding capacity of peanut agglutinin. A close correlation was found between these parameters: thymocytes and T cells from spleen were consistently heavier and smaller, and showed a lower proliferative response capacity, than T cells from blood or lymph node. Similarly, within each cell population, the small, heavy cells were least reactive. The limiting dilution analysis revealed that heavy T cells from peripheral blood contain a lower number of reactive cells than the light peripheral T lymphocytes. Because heavy T cells from the thymus bound more peanut lectin than did light cells, it is speculated that the differences between T cells of high and low specific gravity might reflect differences in maturation level. PMID- 6976249 TI - Monocyte-mediated regulation of cellular immunity in humans: loss of suppressor activity with ageing. AB - The effect of ageing on cellular immunity in humans was investigated. Human T cell cytotoxicity (CMC) measured by an in vitro xenogeneic assay was found previously to be depressed in individuals greater than 60 years old (group 2) compared to individuals less than 50 years old (group 1). Removal of plastic adherent cells prior to sensitization in the xenogeneic CMC assay of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBM) resulted in a significantly higher rise (P less than 0.001, Wilcoxon rank test) in CMC activity in group 1 compared to group 2. Replacement of plastic-adherent cells (greater than 35% monocytes) to HPBM depleted of monocytes returned the CMC activity to the level observed with unseparated HPBM. Separation of HPBM on Percoll density gradients into monocyte enriched (less than 75%) and monocyte-depleted (less than 3%) fractions indicated that monocytes were responsible for suppressing CMC in group 1. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that monocyte suppressor function for CMC response declines in ageing humans. When indomethacin (1 microgram/ml) was added to HPBM the Con A- and PHA-induced DNA synthetic response rose in groups 1 and 2. Indomethacin induced a significantly larger (P less than 0.01) rise in suboptimal PHA mitogenesis in group 1 compared to group 2. Individuals whose CMC response rose following adherent cell depletion were examined for the effect of indomethacin on the CMC response of their HPBM. In nine of 13 cases, addition of indomethacin also resulted in increased CMC activity. PMID- 6976250 TI - Computed tomography vs. angiography in the diagnosis of intracranial neoplasms. PMID- 6976248 TI - Glucocorticosteroid enhancement of immunoglobulin synthesis by pokeweed mitogen stimulated human lymphocytes. III. Common variable immunodeficiency. AB - We studied the effect of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) on IgG synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 19 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Purified T and B lymphocyte subpopulations from patients and normal subjects were recombined at various T : B ratios and cultured for 8 days unstimulated, stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and in the presence of prednisolone. IgG synthesis was measured in the culture supernatants by radioimmunoassay. Enhancement of PWM-stimulated IgG synthesis by prednisolone at high T : B ratios was found in nine patients, four of whom produced negligible amounts of IgG with PWM alone. In four patients, enhancement by prednisolone of IgG synthesis by purified B lymphocytes was noted. In three out of eight patients whose IgG synthesis was increased by normal allogeneic T lymphocytes with PWM and prednisolone, negligible amounts of IgG were produced by similarly treated autologous combinations. T lymphocytes from CVID patients provided less help compared with normal T lymphocytes for IgG synthesis by normal B lymphocytes at high T : B ratios even in the presence of prednisolone. GCS in vitro enhance IgG synthesis by lymphocytes from some but not all patients with CVID by a mechanism which appears independent of GCS action on regulatory T lymphocytes. PMID- 6976251 TI - Hemostatic disorders. PMID- 6976252 TI - CT diagnosis of infected prosthetic graft sites. PMID- 6976253 TI - Intracerebral hematoma associated with ventricular catheter. PMID- 6976254 TI - Computed tomographic illustration of cavum vergae. AB - This paper presents 3 examples of cavum vergae, a normal variant in cranial computed tomography (CCT) and pneumoencephalography. The CCT appearance of cavum vergae is illustrated in both axial and coronal planes, and the means of distinguishing cavum vergae from cavum velum interpositum and cystic lesions of the third ventricle by reference to normal anatomical landmarks is discussed. PMID- 6976255 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and common variable hypogammaglobulinemia in a patient with asthma. PMID- 6976256 TI - Langerhans cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in the late stages of pulmonary histiocytosis X. PMID- 6976257 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery; a stimulus to modify existing risk factors? AB - Coronary arterial atherosclerosis is known to be associated with the risk factors of a positive family history, smoking, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and elevated serum cholesterol levels. Modification of these risk factors, where possible, is prudent. The risk factor data of 226 (212 men, 14 women) subjects who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery for symptomatic obstructive coronary artery disease are presented. Prior to surgery, an attempt was made to educate the subjects in regard to the risk factors and they were urged to modify these factors. All underwent repeat evaluation one year after operation. Although over half of the subjects had had a prior myocardial infarction and all had had aortocoronary bypass surgery, strong stimuli to modify risk factors, there was little modification of the risk factors of smoking and serum cholesterol. There was some modification of the hypertension risk factor. This study documents the need for a very early approach in life to prevent acquiring risk factors and the need for more research into better methods of behavior modification in the adult population. PMID- 6976258 TI - [[Lecture: an important branch of modern medicine---nuclear medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976260 TI - [Neurosurgical treatment of pain]. PMID- 6976261 TI - [Biological compatibility of Socketol tested on 2 different cell culture systems]. PMID- 6976259 TI - [Isolation of polypeptides from the bone marrow, lymphocytes and thymus, regulating intercellular cooperation in the immune system]. PMID- 6976262 TI - Distribution of catecholamines and serotonin in 17 portions of rat ventromedial nucleus and effect of acute immobilization stress. AB - The distribution of catecholamines (i.e. adrenalin -- A, noradrenalin -- NA, dopamine -- DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in 17 portions of hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) and the effect of acute immobilization stress on their levels were studied in rats using of a special dissection technique and a sensitive radioenzymatic microassay. In unstressed rats distinct differences of biogenic amine concentrations between individual portions within the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus subdivisions were found. The concentration of all catecholamines investigated, i.e. NA, A and DA was lower in the lateral half of VMN, while in the distribution of 5-HT we did not find such apparent regional differences. After acute immobilization stress for 30 min significant changes in all measured neurotransmitters, in NA and A decreases and in DA and 5-HT increases, were detected in several subdivisions of the nucleus. On the basis of the present data we suppose that not all subdivisions of the VMN are equally engaged in neuroendocrine processes activated during acute stress. PMID- 6976263 TI - Possible mechanism of action of cholesterol enriched diet on the thyroid. AB - Groups of male Sprague Dawley rats aged 60 days were fed either a control diet (CD) or the same diet enriched with 1% cholesterol (CHD) for 30 days. In CHD fed animals an increase of 131I uptake by thyroid, PB131I and TSH level in plasma was found, while the level of thyroxine (T4) was unchanged and that of triiodothyronine (T3) was decreased. In the animals treated with T3 (20 micrograms i.p. daily) a decrease of 131I uptake by thyroid and of T4 and TSH level in plasma was found irrespectively of a cholesterol content in the diet. However, PB131I level was decreased in CHD fed and T3 treated animals compared to those fed CD under the same treatment. Finally, in the animals treated with cimetidine (10 mg i.p. daily) no changes of any measure was found after CD feeding as compared to untreated ones, while CHD in such animals resulted in a decreased of T3 level. The site of cholesterol action appears to be at the hypothalamus-pituitary system since TSH suppressed animals (i.e. T3 treated) did not show any thyroid stimulation when fed with a cholesterol excess. Furthermore, thyroidectomized animals showed increased TSH in plasma after cholesterol feeding. In the present study, chronic administration of cimetidine completely abolished thyroid gland stimulation promoted by cholesterol feeding thus suggesting that central histamine may play a considerable role in this process. PMID- 6976264 TI - The effect of glucocorticoids on mitogen-stimulated B-lymphocytes: thymidine incorporation and antibody secretion. PMID- 6976265 TI - Induction of chromosome shattering and micronuclei by ultraviolet light and caffeine. I. Temporal relationship and antagonistic effects of the four deoxyribonucleosides. AB - It is known that nucleosides may have antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects. Here, we have investigated the influence of nucleosides on the induction of shattered chromosomes (fragmentation and/or pulverization of chromosomes of a mitotic cell) and of micronuclei by ultraviolet (UV) light and caffeine. Asynchronous cell cultures of a V79 subline of the Chinese hamster were irradiated at wavelength 254 nm using fluences up to 5.2 joules/m2. Following irradiation, the cells were postincubated either with 1.0 mM or 2.0 mM caffeine alone or with caffeine plus the four deoxyribonucleosides (dXs) (concentration 0.1 mM each). After different incubation times (three to 24 hours), chromosome preparations were performed. In other experiments, synchronized cells were used. The percentage of metaphase spreads with shattered chromosomes and the percentage of cells with micronuclei were determined. Post-treatment with caffeine alone resulted in shattered chromosomes in a high percentage of cells at the first post irradiation mitosis as described previously. Formation of cells with micronuclei was observed only afer the appearance of mitotic cells with shattered chromosomes, the maximum percentage of cells with micronuclei being smaller than the maximum percentage of cells with shattered chromosomes. The strong potentiating effect of UV-light plus caffeine was significantly reduced, however, if the post-treatment was performed with caffeine plus nucleosides. A significant reduction was also observed in the percentage of micronuclei. An evaluation of the mitotic indices and of cell-cycle parameters indicates that the effect of nucleosides was not due to enhanced interphase death. PMID- 6976266 TI - Latent thiamine deficiency as a possible cause of musculo-skeletal symptoms. PMID- 6976267 TI - A current perspective on the pathogenesis of iron deficiency in small children. PMID- 6976270 TI - Leishmania enriettii: immune induction of macrophage activation in an experimental model of immunoprophylaxis in the mouse. PMID- 6976268 TI - Tumor-induced suppression of marrow stromal colonies. AB - The studies reported in this paper evaluated one of the mechanisms by which extramedullary tumor caused anemia, neutrophilia, medullary erythroblastopenia, and suppression of marrow stromal cells (MSC) in tumor bearing mice. Since MSC have been shown to support hemopoiesis, we asked whether tumor released a suppressor which directly inhibited MSC colonies, and if it did, whether or not it was prostaglandin-E (PGE). We found that co-culture of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and Sarcoma (S-180) cells with normal mouse bone marrow cells profoundly suppressed formation of MSC colonies. At concentrations exceeding 15% of the medium, tumor-conditioned media not only suppressed MSC colonies but also enhanced the growth of granulocyte-macrophage colonies (CFUC) in vitro like Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF) from other sources. It did not suppress CFUE, nor did it inhibit growth or kill cells other than MSC in bone marrow cultures. Fibroblasts grew luxuriantly in 20% conditioned media from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Concentrations of PGE2 required to suppress MSC colonies greatly exceeded those detected in media conditioned by S-180. Production of PGE by S-180 cells was inhibited by growing the tumor cells in the presence of indomethacin, but the supernatant media, devoid of PGE, still markedly suppressed the growth of MSC from normal marrow. Because tumor produced CSF, we tested the suppressive effect of CSF in post-endotoxin serum to find that concentrations of 10 to 15% inhibited MSC colony growth. The results show that these tumors produced a substance, possibly CSF, that selectively inhibited MSC colony growth in vitro. It is conceivable that suppression of the supportive tissue (MSC) for erythropoiesis in the bone marrow by tumor led to diminished erythroblasts in that site. PMID- 6976271 TI - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: effect of cyclophosphamide treatment on worm expulsion in rats. PMID- 6976273 TI - [Heterocyclic compounds containing the residue of a 4-aminophenylalkanoic acid with potential anti-inflammatory activity. IV. Derivatives of 2-phenyl-2H indazole]. AB - Numerous derivatives of 2-phenyl-2H-indazole were prepared. The compounds were of general formula I: where R is an acid, neutral or basic radical and R1, R2, R3 represent various functional groups, hydrogen atom or chlorine. The compounds were examined for analgesic-antiinflammatory properties and in some cases as inhibitors of platelets aggregation. Among the compounds where R is an alkanoic acid residue, the only compound showing interesting activity was M.G. 18755 [R = CH(CH3) COOH; R1, R2, R3 = H] and its lysine salt (M.G. 18334), which in various tests showed activity greater than that of ibuprofen. The homologous butyric derivative (M.G. 18860) showed a good anti-aggregatin activity. PMID- 6976269 TI - Trichomonas vaginalis: dependence of resistance among different mouse strains upon the non-H-2 gene haplotype, sex, and age of recipient hosts. PMID- 6976272 TI - Studies on the relationships between biotin and behaviour of B and T lymphocytes in the guinea-pig. PMID- 6976274 TI - Human alpha 1-antitrypsin: carbohydrate attachment and sequence homology. PMID- 6976275 TI - Isolation and characterization of a C3b receptor-like molecule from membranes of a human B lymphoblastoid cell line (Raji). PMID- 6976276 TI - [Studies on the measurement of vitamin D derivatives in human plasma. I. A competitive protein binding assay for 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma (author's transl)]. AB - A simple and precise method has been developed for the determination of 25 hydroxyvitamin D in 1 ml of human plasma. The method consists of methanol/chloroform extraction, purification by high pressure liquid chromatography and a competitive protein binding assay using vitamin D deficient rat serum. The ethanol extract from vitamin D deficient chick serum was added to the sample before CPBA to eliminate the non-specific interference in the CPBA system as a vitamin D free serum extract. The assay was sensitive to 0.72 ng/ml of plasma. Satisfactory results were obtained in the dilution and recovery tests. The coefficients of variation were 5.8 approximately 9.1% for the within-assay, and 7.4 approximately 10.3% for the between-assay. Plasma concentrations of 25 hydroxyvitamin D in 46 samples of normal human plasma were 21 +/- 10.5 ng/ml (mean +/- SD), and the seasonal variation was demonstrated. Plasma levels for 25 hydroxyvitamin D were high in patients receiving vitamin D2 and low in patients suffering from liver cirrhosis. PMID- 6976277 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern as a marker of lymphocyte populations in the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). PMID- 6976278 TI - Lymphocyte phosphorylase kinase. PMID- 6976279 TI - Tolmetin sodium in clinical practice: a survey of 32,207 treated patients. AB - A total of 32,207 patients with various rheumatic disorders were treated with the non-steroidal antiphlogistic tolmetin in the course of a post-marketing survey performed in Italy with the co-operation of 4,205 general practitioners. The treatment proved effective in about 90% of patients treated. The tolerability of the drug was excellent or good in 91% of cases. Side-effects involving mostly the gastro-intestinal tract occurred in 12.3% of cases, but treatment was discontinued in only 3.6% of patients. The results confirm the remarkable therapeutic activity and the good tolerability of tolmetin sodium. PMID- 6976283 TI - Inadequacy of the literature on the relationship between drugs, ulcers, and gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6976281 TI - [Evaluation of spontaneous antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and direct spontaneous lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (SLMC) in patients with neoplasms]. PMID- 6976282 TI - Intracolonic formation of struvite crystals in a patient with congenital megacolon. PMID- 6976280 TI - Ontogeny of hematopoietic cells in Rana pipiens: precursor cell migration during embryogenesis. PMID- 6976285 TI - Jejunal rupture caused by a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. AB - In a patient with cirrhosis and bleeding esophageal varices who had previously undergone a partial gastric resection, the gastric balloon of a Sengstaken Blakemore tube was inadvertently placed into the efferent jejunal limb of the gastrojejunostomy. Inflation of the balloon to the standard volume of 150 ml resulted in rupture of the jejunum. Precautions in the use of the Sengstaken Blakemore tube that might prevent this complication are described. PMID- 6976284 TI - Treatment of hemorrhagic gastritis with 15(R)-15 methyl prostaglandin E2: report of a case. AB - A 19-yr-old male developed severe hemorrhagic gastritis following three abdominal operations. Treatment with intravenous cimetidine and hourly antacids to maintain his gastric pH above 5 failed to affect gastrointestinal bleeding. Also, peripheral venous vasopressin, propantheline bromide, and glucagon were without effect. Total gastrectomy was considered to control his bleeding. However, since a number of prostaglandin analogs prevent gastric lesions produced by many noxious agents (e.g., aspirin, alcohol, strong acid or alkali, etc.) in animals and humans, the patient was treated with 50 micrograms of 15(R)-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 intragastrically every 6 h for 10 days. To epimerize the 15(R) form to the more active 15(S) form, 50-100 ml of 50-mN HCl was placed into the patient's stomach immediately before each dose. Bleeding ceased within 24 h of the onset of 15(R)-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 therapy and did not recur. The prompt response to 15(R)-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 in combination with hourly antacids in this patient with persistent and severe hemorrhagic gastritis suggests a therapeutic effect and the need for a prospective double-blind clinical trial. PMID- 6976287 TI - T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. AB - Children with T-cell ALL have a biologically distinct subset of disease and require special treatment. This T-cell protocol suggests that the selection of chemotherapeutic agents, the emphasis on extramedullary prophylaxis, and thymectomy may be one rational approach to the treatment of these patients. The therapy program is highly immunosuppressive and requires expertise in pediatric supportive care. Future considerations must recognize the importance of T-cell subsets (Reinherz et al. 1979) as well as the use of antileukemic monoclonal antibodies and other innovative approaches to therapy. PMID- 6976286 TI - [Complications of cesarean section]. PMID- 6976288 TI - Genetic and oncogenic influences on myelopoiesis. PMID- 6976289 TI - Acidic isoferritins as feedback regulators in normal and leukemic myelopoiesis. PMID- 6976290 TI - Regulator-dependent haemopoiesis and its possible relevance to leukemogenesis. PMID- 6976291 TI - Human Leucocyte antigens. PMID- 6976292 TI - Immunologic subsets in human B-cell lymphomas in relation to normal B-cell development. PMID- 6976293 TI - Effect of bromodeoxyuridine on endogenous retrovirus production in differentiating murine lymphocytes. PMID- 6976294 TI - Modulation of growth of malignant cells by anti-idiotypic immunity. PMID- 6976295 TI - [Cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole)]. PMID- 6976296 TI - The foot and ankle in multiple hereditary exostoses. AB - Twenty-two cases of multiple hereditary exostoses revealed pathological changes in two areas: the first group caused by epiphyseal disturbances, and the second group due to mechanical problems created by the exostoses. The epiphyseal disturbances resulted in ankle valgus, shortened metatarsals, and angular deformities of the necks of the metatarsals. The exostoses produced local tenderness, synostosis of the medical subtalar facet resulting is loss of subtalar motion, and asymptomatic synostosis of the lower tibial fibular syndesmosis. PMID- 6976297 TI - [Effectiveness of modern coronary surgery]. AB - Coronary surgery is a well established method in special cases of severe coronary heart disease. Improvement of performance as well as reduction of subjective signs, mainly angina pectoris, can be attained by aorto-coronary vein bypass operation. The lethality is today 2-4%. PMID- 6976298 TI - [Changes of guinea pig T lymphocytes after E rosette formation -expression of Fc and complement receptors-(author's transl)]. AB - The ability to form spontaneous E (rabbit erythrocyte; RRBC) rosettes has been established as the characteristics common to T lineage lymphocytes in the guinea pig as in the case of human (sheep erythrocyte; SRBC), and the E rosette method has been widely employed to identify and to purify T cells. Since the author was interested whether the T cells purified by this method could be regarded as the physiologically normal T cells, several experiments were carried out followed by the results as listed below. (1) Significant increases in percentages of EA- and EAC-rosette forming cells (RFC) were observed among guinea pig thymocytes and lymph node cells following the formation of spontaneous E rosettes with RRBC in test tubes. (2) Similar but somewhat higher increases in the proportion of EA- and EAC-RFC were observed in the two T cell-rich populations, one was T-enriched by the E monolayer method and the other was done by the nylon wool column method and the E monolayer method. In the both cell populations, the E monolayer-adhered cells (T cells) were selected and assayed on the E monolayers. (3) Double rosette assays by E with EA or EAC showed that 50-80% of the Fc and/or complement receptor positive lymphocytes on the E monolayers were E-RFC. These findings show that a subset of the guinea pig T cells is altered to express Fc and/or complement receptors on the surfaces following contact with RRBC. PMID- 6976299 TI - [Measurements of blood flow velocity in pulmonary microvessels with laser-Doppler microscope and investigation of several factors affecting the blood flow velocity (author's transl)]. AB - To examine the blood flow in pulmonary microvessels and its change during positive lung inflation and deflation as well as during regional lung hypoxia or hypercapnia, the blood flow velocity in the microvessels which were observed on the exposed lung surface of anesthetized bullfrogs was measured. This was performed by means of a laser-Doppler microscope and both mean flow velocity (MV) and pulsatile amplitude (PA) were calculated from the obtained flow velocity contour. Hypoxia (pure N2) or hypercapnia (10% CO2) was applied on the regional lung surface of 6 mm in diameter. The blood flow in the pulmonary microvessels was pulsatile and its pulsatility was greatest in arterioles and smallest in capillaries. MV and the ratio of PA to MV in capillaries were 1.46 mm/sec and 0.20, respectively. This ratio was considerably smaller than that in human pulmonary capillaries, which was previously measured by using body plethysmography. The reason for this discrepancy was discussed. During lung inflation and subsequent deflation, the alterations in MV and PA against transpulmonary pressure (TPP) revealed an optimum TPP and an apparent hysteresis. During lung inflation MV was slightly increased until TPP reached about 2.8 cmH2O but was markedly decreased at the larger TPP than the value. During subsequent deflation, MV was slightly lower at any given TPP than during inflation but its change was almost parallel to that in inflation. The change in PA was similar to that in MV. The observed alteration in flow velocity in pulmonary microvessels seemed related to the geometric change in pulmonary vessels. Both lung regional hypoxia and hypercapnia induced the decrements in MV and PA in pulmonary microvessels, which were caused by the vasoconstriction in arterioles and venules. The maximal percentage change in MV and PA in capillaries were -11% and 35% during hypoxia, and -13% and -44% during hypercapnia. PMID- 6976300 TI - Plasma factors and platelet aggregation in diabetes mellitus. AB - Plasma fron some diabetic patients, particularly those with advanced retinopathy and nephropathy, will potentiate ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Partial purification of plasma from a diabetic patient with nephropathy has yielded a fraction with this activity. A linea dose response curve relating plasma factor (6.25-50 ng protein) and platelet aggregation or ATP release at 4 minutes after adding ADP has been found. The effect is blocked by exposure of platelets to aspirin, prostaglandin or eicosapentaenoic acid. Soluble immune complexes are found in many diabetics and are known to be platelet-active. We have isolated immune complexes from sera of six diabetics and have shown enhancement of the second phase of platelet aggregation and of ATP release by these immune complexes from platelets sensitized to ADP. We conclude that plasma proteins from diabetics may accentuate ADP-induced platelet aggregation and ATP release, possibly by acting through prostaglandin pathways. Immune complexes appear to be one group of plasma proteins with such platelet active behavior. Further studies are indicated to characterize these plasma factors and to assess their in vivo significance regarding platelet function and vascular disease in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6976301 TI - Acute type B hepatitis among HBsAg negative patients detected by anti-HBc IgM. AB - A consecutive group of 169 patients with acute hepatitis found negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and negative for IgM antibody against hepatitis A (anti-HAV IgM) was studied for presence of IgM antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) by ELISA. Anti-HBc IgM was found in a total of 34 of 60 patients with detectable total anti-HBc. One hundred and nine patients had no detectable anti-HBc IgM and no total anti-HBc and were thus considered as having acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. Among the 34 patients with anti-HBc IgM in their first serum sample, 23 were anti-HBs negative and all had high and steadily decreasing ratio unit (RU) values for anti-HBc IgM (mean RU value 17.1). Twelve of the 23 patients showed seroconversion to anti-HBs during the follow-up, indicating an actual hepatitis B virus infection. Eleven of the 34 anti-HBc IgM positive patients had anti-HBs in their first serum sample. In this group, the RU values for anti-HBc IgM were high and steadily declining and the initial values were significantly lower (mean RU value 9.9) (p less than 0.05) than in the anti-HBs negative group. Evidence is provided that anti-HBc IgM in serum from patients with HBsAg negative hepatitis with or without anti-HBs indicates an actual hepatitis B virus infection. According to generally accepted criteria, the demonstration of anti-HBc IgM identified 20% of the 169 patients with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis as having an actual hepatitis B infection. PMID- 6976304 TI - Central banking of hybridomas. AB - The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is developing, with the American Type Culture Collection, a central facility for the acquisition, maintenance, and distribution of hybridoma cell lines. This effort finds its principal justification in the great activity in this field and in the large variety of hybridoma lines that are produced because of the intrinsic immense diversity of antibodies the immune system is capable of generating. Thus there clearly needs to exist a mechanism both to facilitate exchange of these cell lines and to assure the preservation of the ones of greatest interest. The burgeoning involvement of commercial interests in the production and marketing of monoclonal antibodies complicates, but in no way vitiates the institute's efforts. PMID- 6976305 TI - Effect of anti-delta antibodies on clonal expansion and maturation of B lymphocytes. AB - The effect of a monoclonal anti-delta antibody on the in vitro B cell response to the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been studied. Titration of anti delta antibody in mass cultures stimulated by LPS resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of thymidine incorporation. IgM and IgG plaque forming cell (PFC) responses were poorly affected at high concentration, and slightly increased at low concentrations of anti-delta antibody. By limiting dilution analysis it was shown that anti-delta antibody inhibit 30-50% of LPS-reactive B cells to grow as IgM secreting clones, while increasing the average size of clones that grew in the presence of anti-delta as compared to control cultures. Anti-delta also results in increased frequencies of IgG secreting clones. By immunofluorescence it was possible to show the presence of a higher relative number of cells containing immunoglobulin as an effect of anti-delta antibodies. Observations made at early times of culture indicate that the cells that do not proliferate in the presence of anti-delta undergo an early maturation to secretion. Experiments performed on LPS blasts suggest that the effects of anti-delta on cell proliferation require the presence of antibodies at early times in the response, while the effects on maturation can be manifested during clonal development. The relevance of membrane IgD and of the IgM-to-IgD ratio in the maintenance versus exhaustion of the clone is discussed. PMID- 6976306 TI - The use of Salmonella schottmulleri for mapping and separation of human lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Human lymphocyte subpopulations (B cells, B1, B2, T1, T2, T3, and T4 cells; our denomination) have been previously identified and isolated by bacterial adherence and functional differences between them have been demonstrated. Here we examined the binding properties of Salmonella schottmulleri to human lymphocytes in peripheral blood smears and found that it binds to more lymphocyte subpopulations, namely B, T1, T2 and T3 cells, than any bacteria previously tested. Thus, using only four bacteria: Salmonella schottmulleri, Brucella melitensis, Arizona hinshawii and Bacillus globigii we identified in blood smears B cells, two B and four T cell subpopulations. When we used gelatin-coupled monolayers of Sal. schottmulleri to isolate lymphocyte subpopulations, we showed that the nonadherent (T4) cells could be efficiently separated from the adherent cells. Furthermore, we tested the isolated subpopulations for natural killing (NK) activity and for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Using both NK and ADCC assays, we observed a significantly higher cytotoxic activity in the nonadherent cell population than in the unseparated or adherent cell populations. Also the nonadherent cells contained most of the lymphocytes that have receptors for the Fc portion of IgG and those cells described as large granular lymphocytes. We concluded that Sal. schottmulleri is a valuable new reagent for the identification and separation of human lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6976303 TI - Present status and future prospects for the hybridoma technology. AB - A somatic cell genetic technique has recently been developed that makes it possible to obtain very large amounts of homogeneous antibodies and to replenish the supply of the exact same antibodies whenever they are needed. This hybridoma technology has already contributed to major scientific advances and will surely improve the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Because the technology itself is relatively simple and inexpensive, it has captured the attention of basic scientists, clinicians, and industrial managers and investors. PMID- 6976302 TI - Hybridoma monoclonal antibodies in the analysis of human cell surface antigens. PMID- 6976307 TI - Evidence that the fourth component of complement (C4) is carried on a high proportion of normal guinea-pig B lymphocytes. AB - The fourth component of complement (C4) has been demonstrated on the cell membrane of guinea-pig B lymphocytes isolated from blood, lymph nodes and spleen. In lymph nodes, at least, the C4-positive cells also carry receptors for C3 and most bind IgG-Fc. Few, if any, T lymphocytes have detectable C4. Resynthesis of cell-surface C4 could not be shown following in vitro culture of lymphocytes stripped of C4 by proteolytic enzymes, and it is likely that the C4 is passively acquired in vitro from tissue fluids, possibly by a mechanism similar to that involved in the binding of C4 (Chido and Rodgers determinants) to human erythrocytes. PMID- 6976309 TI - Enhanced clonability of human T lymphocytes caused by their culturing in vitro. AB - Human lymphocytes precultured for 24--48 hr form more T-lymphoid colonies (LT CFU) in agar than do fresh cells. It appears that during the preculture period lymphocytes proceed from G0 to the next S phase, a process that is dependent upon active cellular metabolism. Thus, lymphoproliferation as assayed by LT-CFU growth appears to be controlled by short-lived suppressor cells (SLSC) which may be similar to those described for blastogenesis evaluated by thymidine incorporation assay. The activity of SLSC operating in LT-CFU system may be controlled by prostaglandins. PMID- 6976308 TI - Effect of Fusarium toxins, T2-toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol on murine T independent immune responses. AB - Trichothecenes mycotoxins, T2-toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol were investigated for their effect upon T-independent murine immune responses. Both anti polyvinylpyrrolidone and anti-dinitrophenylficoll responses were enhanced by chronic administration of these toxins. Spleen cells from T2-toxin-treated animals revealed significantly less Thy 1.2+ cells than controls. Spleen cells from Fusarium crude extract-treated animals had a depressed response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) as compared with controls. Normal recipients given spleen cells from T2-toxin-treated mice were shown to generate approximately 50% less plaque-forming cells against sheep red blood cells than controls. It is suggested that these effects occur as a result of altered T suppressor-cell function. PMID- 6976311 TI - Immunological memory to Listeria monocytogenes in rodents. IV. Studies on origin and fate of tissue-positioned T memory cells. AB - In this report on memory T cells mediating anti-microbial resistance to Listeria monocytogenes (LM) it was analysed whether memory cells found in tissue during late-phase (e.g. 10-60 days after infection) are long-lived progeny of cells which settled in tissues during early phase (e.g. 4-10 days after infection), or whether they are short lived but constantly replaced from other sources of memory cells. The study provides evidence for both mechanisms. Transfer and parabiosis experiments as well as radiometric and autoradiographic studies suggested that early-phase cells give rise to late-phase memory cells in the extravascular compartment. These memory cells were shown to mediate resistance and respond to antigen in vitro. Mediators of resistance in the unstimulated peritoneal cavity during late-phase are long-lived. On the other hand, parabiosis studies suggested that late-phase resident peritoneal cells which mediate resistance and respond to antigen in vitro have in part arrived after the end of early phase. Such cells are found in low numbers in central lymph during late-phase. The simplest interpretation of these data is that LM-specific lymphoblasts spontaneously extravasate and settle in tissues as long-lived memory cells. Since the numbers of LM-specific lymphoblasts released from lymphoid tissue is highest during early phase, the majority of resident memory cells are progeny of early-phase lymphoblasts. PMID- 6976310 TI - The detection and characterization of a membrane protein with Factor B-like activity on human lymphoid cells. AB - Factor B-like activity associated with human peripheral blood lymphocytes was first described by Halbwachs & Lachmann (1976), who employed a functional assay. In this present study, clones of B cells from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) and lymphoblastoid 'Raji' cells were used. The surface of these cells was labelled with 125I by the lactoperoxidase technique and the cell membrane proteins solubilized with the detergent NP40. A single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 103K was precipitated with F(ab')2 anti-serum Factor B, and not with a control antibody. This 103K protein was also found if Raji cells were biosynthetically labelled with [14C]-leucine. When the radiolabelled cells were incubated with cobra venom factor (CVF) and Factor D, two specific polypeptides were precipitated by F(ab')w anti-Factor B. Moreover, the larger fragment forms a complex with CVF, since it could be precipitated by anti-CVF. These events are similar to those involving serum Factor B and CVF. PMID- 6976314 TI - Immune reactivity in patients of bronchial asthma. PMID- 6976313 TI - T lymphocytes in asthma. PMID- 6976312 TI - Suppression of human T-cell mitogenesis and E-rosette formation by the monoclonal antibody OKT11A. AB - OKT11A, a monoclonal anti-human T-cell antibody was studied for its in vitro effects on lymphocyte functions. At a concentration as low as 10 ng/ml, OKT11A significantly suppressed T-cell proliferation induced by OKT3, purified protein derivative (PPD), tetanus toxoid and allogeneic non-T cells. Total inhibition of proliferation was noticed at concentrations of 1-10 microgram OKT11A/ml. The antibody was only fully effective when added to stimulated cell cultures within the first 2 hr of the culturing period. OKT11A also blocked total and active sheep erythrocyte (E)-rosette formation by T lymphocytes: this activity closely paralleled the suppression of proliferative response. Quantitative studies on the binding of 125I-labelled IKT11A indicated that an average of 2 x 10(4) antibody molecules were bound per T cell. Taken together, these findings show that OKT11A recognizes a sparsely represented T-cell surface determinant that is associated with the inhibition of mitogenic responsiveness and E-rosette formation. Furthermore, our data imply that the E-rosette receptor of T cells is involved in the regulation of immune functions. PMID- 6976315 TI - Structure and expression of glycoproteins controlled by the Qa-1a allele. AB - The alloantigen controlled by the Qa-1a allele is a glycoprotein that exists in two forms. The first, an intracellular molecule of apparent Mr 44 000 daltons, appears to be a kinetic precursor of the second, a cell-surface molecule with an apparent size of 47 000 daltons. The intracellular form of Qa-1 is distinct from that of the TL glycoprotein in two ways: (1) its polypeptide backbone is approximately 5000 daltons shorter, and (2) it possesses three sites of high mannose carbohydrate attachment, while TL has only one. In the cell-surface form of Qa-1, all three carbohydrate chains are processed to structures that resist endoglycosidase H digestion, presumably complex-type oligosaccharides. Concomitant with these late carbohydrate-processing steps is the formation of stable complexes between Qa-1 and beta 2-microglobulin. The timing of this association provides a further contrast between Qa-1 and TL, which is associated with beta 2-microglobulin shortly after its synthesis. The Qa-1 glycoproteins have been identified genetically by their synthesis in B6-TL+ (Qa-1a/Tlaa) splenocytes but not in splenocytes of congenic B6.K1 and B6.K2 (Qa-1b/Tlab) mice, and by their absence from the products of BALB/c (Qa-1b/Tlac) splenocytes. The cells synthesizing Qa-1 are at least as prevalent in Ig+ spleen cell populations as in T-cell-enriched splenic Ig- populations. Thus, active Qa-1 synthesis appears to take place at a high rate in normal splenic B cells without mitogenic stimulation. PMID- 6976318 TI - H-2-Restricted lethal graft-versus-host diseases. AB - T cells from radiation chimeras in several strain combinations cause lethal GVHD in irradiated, bone-marrow-protected mice which share the D end of the H-2 complex with the T cells and also have foreign determinants. This phenomenon was not found with T cells from normal mice. I suggest that H-2-restricted GVD cells may be present in normal mice, but their effects may be masked by unrestricted GVH cells, which however, develop more slowly in the chimeras so that lethality due to restricted cells can be observed. PMID- 6976317 TI - Clonal analysis of B- and T-cell responses to Ia antigens. I. Topology of epitope regions on I-Ak and I-Ek molecules analyzed with 35 monoclonal alloantibodies. AB - Thirty-five Iak-specific monoclonal alloantibodies, derived from hybridomas constructed by fusion between mouse myeloma and spleen cells from A.TH alloimmune mice (Is anti-Ik), have been used to estimate the allotypic polyporphism of the Ik-gene products. Cross-blocking studies using 17 mAb specific for the I-A molecule indicated that six determinants, which were associated with the conventional specificities Ia.2 and Ia.19, were organized in at least three distinct polymorphic areas of the I-Ak molecules. Similarly, another group of six determinants, which did not correspond to previously described conventional Ia specificities, were found to be topologically heterogeneous. By contrast, the five epitopes associated with the Ia. 1 specificity were clustered into a single region of this molecule. In addition the potentiation of binding observed between mAb specific for topologically distinct epitope regions of the I-Ak molecule, suggested that the latter may undergo conformational changes after binding of a given mAb. A similar analysis of 17 mAb specific for the I-Ek molecule indicated that specificity Ia. 7 of the E alpha chain (as defined in this series by eight mAb) was composed of three topologically distinct polymorphic areas, one of which is also spatially related to a complex cluster of eight new determinants of the I Ek molecule. Finally, one mAb identified a so far undescribed shared determinant of the I-Ak and I-Ek molecules. The present results, which provide a new estimate of the allotypic polymorphism of the Iak antigens, are discussed with regard to their functional, biochemical, and evolutionary implications. PMID- 6976316 TI - KLH-specific, I-E/C-restricted clones of proliferating T lymphocytes. AB - The recognition of keyhole limpet hemocyanin by a substantial proportion of proliferating clones of murine T lymphocytes was found to be restricted by the I E/Ck molecule, which is a combinatorial product of genes located in the I-A (Ae) and I-E/C (E alpha) subregions of the murine major histocompatibility complex. The respective roles of the Ae (polymorphic) and E alpha (oligomorphic) gene products in the expression of the structures which are used as restriction elements by these T-cell clones was analyzed by mating parental strains unable to present the antigen and bearing selected Ae and E alpha alleles. Efficient complementation for antigen presentation was found to require the expression by accessory cells of the Aek-gene product, whereas all E alpha allelic molecules were functionally equivalent. These results (a) indicate that the immunoregulatory role of I-region gene products, initially described for molecules selected for their limited number of antigenic epitopes, also applies to complex multiepitopic antigens; (b) illustrate the advantage which results from the diversity of the Ia molecules expressed by accessory cells for the development of potent immune responses; and (c) suggest that a correlation might exist between the degree of polymorphism of a given family of H-2 allelic molecules and their ability to be used as restriction elements for antigen recognition by T lymphocytes. PMID- 6976319 TI - Serological characterization of rat class II (RT1.B) alloantigens. Analysis of the RT1l, RT1u, and RT1n haplotypes. PMID- 6976322 TI - Proliferative response of T cells, B cells and macrophages during inductive phase of immunization to BCG in guinea pig. PMID- 6976321 TI - E-rosetting cells in amoebic liver abscess. PMID- 6976320 TI - HLA-Dw5 dissected by cloned PLT reagents. PMID- 6976323 TI - Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis (Corynebacterium vaginale). PMID- 6976324 TI - Nutritional rickets due to food fadism. PMID- 6976325 TI - Generation of enhanced macrophage-mediated antibacterial resistance in animals responding to tumor allografts. AB - Enhanced systemic antibacterial resistance was acquired by ACF1 (H-2ad) and B6D2F1 (H-2bd) mice bearing allogenetic BP-3 (H-2b) and SA-1 (H-2a) footpad tumors, respectively. This effect was dose dependent, in that the implantation of greater numbers of tumor cells produced larger tumors and higher levels of nonspecific resistance. Although the rejection of the tumor was T-cell dependent, the generation of nonspecific resistance was not. Thus, T-cell-deficient mice bearing progressively growing tumor allografts generated significant levels of antibacterial resistance. Two mechanisms were found to be involved in the generation of nonspecific resistance: (i) an acquired radioresistant mechanism responsible for initially destroying a large proportion of injected bacteria and (ii) an acquired radiosensitive mechanism responsible for destroying a significant number of bacteria after 24 h. PMID- 6976326 TI - Adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to buccal epithelial cells. AB - The role of adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to epithelial surfaces in the pathogenesis of infection is unknown. Fluorescent-antibody and radiolabeled adherence methods were adapted to study H. influenzae adherence to human buccal epithelial cells. By the fluorescent-antibody method, 19 of 21 (90%) nontypable H. influenzae strains were found to be adherent compared with 2 of 42 (5%) type b strains (P less than 0.0001). Using a radiolabeled adherence method, we found that 9 of 12 (75%) nontypable H. influenzae strains were adherent to buccal epithelial cells whereas only 3 of 32 (9%) type b strains were adherent (P = 0.001). Results of H. influenzae adherence examined by both methods correlated significantly (P = 0.01). H. influenzae adherence to adult pharyngeal, nasal, and buccal epithelial cells was comparable. Type b H. influenzae did not adhere to the buccal epithelial cells of well children, children with H. influenzae type b disease, or children with upper respiratory infections. In contrast, nontypable H. influenzae did adhere to the buccal epithelial cells of well children and children with upper respiratory infections. These observed in vitro differences in adherence between nontypable and type b H. influenzae strains may explain differences in colonization, pathogenesis, and types of infection due to nontypable and type b H. influenzae. PMID- 6976329 TI - Content of chlorinated pesticides in human semen of a random population. AB - Residues of chlorinated pesticides--BHC isomers, DDT isomers, HCB and DMDT--in samples of human semen have been determined. Samples of semen were collected from a random population of patients sent to our department for the evaluation of their fertilizing ability. The contents of 50 samples of semen were analyzed individually for residues of chlorinated pesticides and their metabolites by gas liquid chromatography. Of BHC isomers detected in the analyzed samples of semen, the highest absolute values were shown for epsilon-BHC (mean 0.005 microgram/g of sample). DMDT, op'DDT and pp'DDt were not detected in the studied samples. DDE was found in 20 samples on the average level of 0.003 microgram/g. PMID- 6976327 TI - Mumps virus replication in human lymphoid cell lines and in peripheral blood lymphocytes: preference for T cells. AB - The replication of mumps virus was studied in human continuous lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) with T or B characteristics and in lymphocyte subpopulations derived from peripheral blood. T-LCLs supported effective virus replication as shown by high titers of free and cell-associated virus over 1 to 4 days after infection. By immunofluorescence analysis, the majority of cells were positive for mumps virus antigens. In contrast, the B-cell lines produced low titers of infectious virus, and only a small percentage expressed viral antigens. This resistance of the B-LCLs was found with several mumps virus strains. Cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells also supported mumps virus replication. Very high titers of infectious virus (10(8) PFU/ml) were observed in cultures prestimulated with phytohaemagglutinin. Studies with enriched T and B cells point to the activated T lymphocyte as the major virus-producing cell. PMID- 6976330 TI - In vivo anti-tumor effects of local adoptive transfer of mouse and human cultured lymphoid cells. AB - Mouse and human lymphoid cells were cultivated in the presence of T-cell growth factor (TCGF) and evaluated for their in vivo anti-tumor effect in mice. Cultured spleen cells of normal BALB/c mice or of mice bearing the M109 tumor had a high level of cytotoxic activity in vitro against a variety of tumor target cells and had characteristics of natural killer cells. These cultured cells were evaluated for their in vivo cytotoxic activity by a mixture with [125I]dUrd-labelled M109 tumor cells (2 x 10(5)) at a 30:1 ratio and inoculation of the mixture into the footpads of BALB/c mice. The level of radioactivity remaining in the footpad was determined at various periods following inoculation of radiolabelled tumor cells. The presence of cultured cells in the inocula caused a marked decrease in the footpad radioactivity by 24 h. However, the slope of clearance of the radiolabel then became similar to that in the control mice. The cultured cells delayed, but did not prevent, tumor appearance, and did not influence the subsequent rate of growth of the tumors. The transient effects of the cultured cells contrasted with the more prolonged in vivo effects of alloimmune lymphocytes, and this may be due to their short survival period. Ninety-nine percent of [125I]dUrd-labelled cultured mouse lymphoid cells were eliminated within 48 h of i.f.p. inoculation. Cultured human lymphoid cells, initiated from the blood of normal donors, also had a high level of cytotoxic activity in vitro and were evaluated for their in vivo effects by intra-footpad inoculation into nude mice, together with radiolabelled human tumor cell lines, G-11 or HT-29. In vivo cytotoxic activity of the human cultured lymphoid cells correlated with their cytotoxic effect in vitro. These results indicate that cultured mouse an human effector cells have appreciable in vivo cytotoxic effects against tumor cell lines. However, the transient duration of these effects may limit their immunotherapeutic potential. PMID- 6976328 TI - Differential complement resistance mediates virulence of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Studies were undertaken to gain insight into the virulence of type b in contrast to the other Haemophilus influenzae capsular types. A relationship was found between the comparative virulence of H. influenzae types in humans and their resistance to the bactericidal effect of antibody-free complement. Type b was most resistant to the bactericidal effect of complement. The other types could be divided into three groups based upon their susceptibility to complement; this grouping was also related to their structural similarities. No association between virulence and either the biotype, source of isolate, in vitro association with peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or the total amount of capsular polysaccharide was found. However, among the type b strains, higher levels of cell-associated polysaccharide were associated with increased resistance to complement. The relative virulence of the six H. influenzae types in the infant rat model was generally similar to that in humans. After intraperitoneal challenge, type b and type a strains had the lowest 50% effective doses for bacteremia, removed by several logs from the values of the other types. By intranasal challenge, type b strains produced higher rates and levels of bacteremia than did type a strains. High levels of natural bactericidal antibodies to types c and e were found in adult female rats; this finding alone could not account for the differences in virulence among the H. influenzae types in the infant rat model. We propose that the virulence of type b strains is due to their greater resistance to the bactericidal activity of serum complement alone. Resistance to type b disease requires serum antibody to induce the complement-mediated reaction. PMID- 6976331 TI - Regulation of gene expression by tumor promoters. II. Control of cell shape and developmental programs for macrophages and granulocytes in human myeloid leukemic cells. PMID- 6976333 TI - Circulating and tissue immune complexes in leprosy. AB - Various immunological studies were conducted in lepromatous leprosy patients. There was a polyclonal rise of all the three major immunoglobulins. Serum IgD levels remained unaltered. Positive latex agglutination reactions (RA) and parietal cell antibodies were distinctly more frequent in patients. Eighty-five percent of patients showed a strongly positive complement deviation test, and the mean platelet aggregation titer was 1 in 81 in the patients compared to 1 in 3 in the controls, thus indicating the presence of circulating immune complexes in a large percentage of cases. Immunoglobulins and complement were observed in the dermal capillaries and small arterioles, but not in larger vessels, in 6 of 17 cases. Only one case showed staining of the dermoepidermal junction. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected in a single patient, and this patient also showed ANA in vivo. PMID- 6976332 TI - In vivo inhibition of the development of myeloid leukemia by injection of macrophage- and granulocyte-inducing protein. PMID- 6976334 TI - Vestibular ototoxicity in children: a retrospective study of 52 cases. AB - We have carried out a study on 52 patients treated during childhood with potentially ototoxic drugs. The evaluation of vestibular function was carried out long after treatment. In most of the cases there was a parallelism between hearing and vestibular deficit. Manifest impairment of the vestibular function was demonstrated in 4 subjects, without remarkable hearing loss, who had previously been treated with streptomycin during childhood. Furthermore, in the case of 19 subjects, a considerable deambulation delay was noticed (in one case it revealed itself after the fourth year of life) which was attributable to a real injury to the vestibular structures. Finally, almost all examined subjects showed a dysfunction of equilibrium and a noticeable tendency to kinetopathy. PMID- 6976335 TI - Diagnosis of bleeding jejunal leiomyoma by emergency selective angiography: case report. PMID- 6976336 TI - Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: initial therapeutic response. PMID- 6976337 TI - Aggressive management of unstable pre-infarction angina: recognition of "high risk" group. PMID- 6976338 TI - [Postoperative bleeding after adeno-tonsillectomy from the anaesthesist's point of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976340 TI - Properties of cephalosporinase from Proteus morganii. AB - The cephalosporin beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) was purified from a strain of Proteus morganii which showed resistance to cephalosporins. The optimal pH was about 8.5, and the optimal temperature was 40 degrees C. The isoelectric point was 8.7 and the molecular weight was estimated to be about 41,000 from sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme activity was inhibited by cloxacillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime (FK749), cefmenoxime (SCE-1365), cefoxitin, cefmetazole, YM09330 and moxalactam (6059-S), but not by clavulanic acid or CP-45899. The beta-lactamase also hydrolyzed cephaloridine, cefazolin, cephalothin, cephalexin, cefotiam, cefamandole and benzylpenicillin. These results suggest the possibility that the properties of beta-lactamases may be characterized by measuring the kinetic parameters of the enzyme toward newly-introduced beta-lactam antibiotics and beta lactamase inhibitors. PMID- 6976339 TI - Lymphocyte migration and radiation lymphopenia. PMID- 6976341 TI - The screening of beta-lactamase inhibitors: inhibition by fatty acids produced by bacteria. AB - An active principle inhibiting beta-lactamases, which was found in the culture of a bacillus strain was a mixture of known C14-C17 fatty acids. The mixture was separated into five components by high-performance liquid chromatography. Among these components, 12-methyltetradecanoic acid showed the strongest activity (I50: 20-146 microM). The anteiso fatty acids having the 1-methylpropyl group exhibited an interesting activity inhibiting beta-lactamases. PMID- 6976342 TI - Spectro-temporal characterization of auditory neurons: redundant or necessary. AB - For neurons in the auditory midbrain of the grass frog the use of a combined spectro-temporal characterization has been evaluated against the separate characterizations of frequency-sensitivity and temporal response properties. By factoring the joint density function of stimulus intensity, I (f, t), preceding a spike, into two marginal density functions I1(f) and I2(t) one may under the assumption of statistical independence reconstruct the joint density by multiplication: I1(f).I2(t). The reconstructed I(f, t) is compared to the original I(f, t) for 83 neurons: in 23% thereof the I(f, t) appeared to be vastly different from I(f, t). These units appeared to be located dominantly in the ventral parts of the auditory midbrain and had a latency exceeding 30 ms. On the basis of the action-potential wave forms the absence of non-separable I(f, t) in the incoming nerve fiber population is concluded. A spectro-temporal characterization of auditory neurons seems mandatory for investigations in and central from the auditory midbrain. PMID- 6976343 TI - Spectro-temporal characteristics of single units in the auditory midbrain of the lightly anaesthetised grass frog (Rana temporaria L.) investigated with tonal stimuli. AB - Responses were obtained from 112 auditory neurons in the midbrain of the grass frog in response to sequences of tones. Their spectro-temporal sensitivities (STS) were determined by a second-order cross-correlation technique. For the majority of units the shape of their action potentials, the degree of timelock to the stimulus and the recording sites were obtained. Two stages of information processing could be distinguished. One was characterized by short latencies (less than 30 ms), strong timelock to the stimulus and many of these units had axon like action potential waveforms. They were localised in the ventral part of the principal nucleus from the torus semicircularis and in the transition region between laminar and principal nucleus. The other stage comprised units, found all over the torus, with longer latencies, and a weaker timelock to the stimulus. Several units which were predominantly found in the central part of the torus, especially the magnocellular nucleus, showed a broad or multiple STS. Within the principal nucleus a weak tonotopy was found, the dorsoposterior part being sensitive to lower frequencies, the ventroanterior part to the higher frequencies. Binaural-interaction properties are discussed with respect to the eardrum coupling through the mouth cavity. An organisational plan for the torus semicircularis is proposed. PMID- 6976345 TI - Rapid beta-lactamase testing in bacteroides. PMID- 6976344 TI - Androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in porcine skeletal muscle. AB - The presence of free androgen and glucocorticoid receptors was demonstrated in the rectus femoris muscle of the pig. No detectable free androgen receptors were observed in intact male pigs. Androgen receptor characteristics in castrates and gilts were related to the growth rate of the lean meat in the ham. The amount of free androgen receptor was less (P less than .05) and the androgen was more tightly bound to its receptor (P less than .05) in pigs with above-average ham growth. Moreover, a higher DNA content (P less than .01) was also found in these pigs, giving a lower (P less than .05) protein to DNA ratio. The anabolic action of androgens is likely to be mediated via androgen receptors in skeletal muscle cytosol. The amounts of free glucocorticoid receptors found were influenced by the pH of the cytosolic fraction. The relationships between cytosolic pH and both the amount of glucocorticoid receptor (positive; P less than .01) and plasma levels of cortisol (negative; P less than .05) might reflect the stress to which the pigs are exposed at slaughter. PMID- 6976346 TI - Growth kinetics of respiratory pathogens after short exposures to ampicillin and erythromycin in vitro. PMID- 6976347 TI - A unique "mini" pepsinogen isolated from bullfrog esophageal glands. AB - The evolutionary homology of pepsinogens was further evaluated by isolating and characterizing the pepsinogen of the esophageal glands of Rana catesbeiana. Like other pepsinogens, this esophageal enzyme was activated by acid; the resulting pepsin was optimally active between pH 1.4 and 2.0, and was irreversibly denatured above pH 7.0. Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose at pH 7.0 separated four acid protease fractions corresponding to pepsinogens B, D, A, and C. Hydroxylapatite chromatography of the major peptic fraction, pepsinogen A, followed by rechromatography on DEAE-cellulose at pH 8.5 yielded pure pepsinogen A which was free of detectable contaminants. Estimation of molecular weight by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 0.1% SDS and by sedimentation equilibrium gave values of 31,500, 33,500, and 33,700, respectively. These studies suggest that the difference between bullfrog and other pepsinogens is located in a 90 to 110 amino acid (Mr 9,000 to 11,000) region of the molecule which must be remote from the catalytic and immunogenic sites. This lower molecular weight pepsinogen should thus provide a simpler molecular model for study of the catalytic and immunogenic properties. The pepsinogen from bullfrog gastric mucosa was found to have similar properties which suggested that gastric and esophageal pepsinogens of bullfrog are derived from a common ancestral origin. This archetypic pepsinogen may have undergone deletions late in evolution to render modern bullfrog pepsinogen structurally dissimilar from other described pepsinogens. The modern bullfrog enzyme has retained peptic enzymatic activity despite these evolutionary changes. PMID- 6976348 TI - Long-term pain control by direct peripheral-nerve stimulation. AB - In 1970, we began implanting electrodes for prolonged stimulation of injured peripheral nerves to reduce chronic pain. Thirty-eight peripheral nerves in thirty-five patients have been stimulated with electrodes for a period ranging from four to nine years. Nineteen electrode systems were implanted in the upper extremity (eleven on the median nerve, six on the ulnar nerve, one on the median and ulnar nerves, and one on the median and radial nerves), with successful relief of pain in 52..6 per cent of the patients. Sixteen stimulators have been implanted on the sciatic nerve with a success rate for pain relief of 31 per cent. Failures in the lower extremity were found primarily in lesions of the posterior tibial nerve at the ankle. We speculate that the stress of weight bearing and the anatomical position of the posterior tibial nerve may partially account for this rate of failure. Use of the electrode-implant systems required careful preoperative assessment by an experienced team, meticulous technique, and a mechanical system that tolerates stress. The location and characteristics of the lesion affect the response to electrical stimulation. PMID- 6976349 TI - A new surgical approach for the treatment of massive hemorrhage due to esophageal varices. AB - Experiments on dogs demonstrated that ligating the venous pedicles of the stomach, as well as placing a continuous hemostatic suture around the circumference of the stomach at the level of the upper and middle third, can be effective in stopping hemorrhage produced by induced esophagogastric varices. Subsequently, the operation was applied to ten patients with massive hemorrhage from varices resulting from severe portal hypertension. There were no operative deaths in follow-up of from six months to four years. Only one patient had minor recurrent hemorrhage at the end of the second year. PMID- 6976350 TI - A molecular mechanism of regulation for granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor from T lymphocytes. AB - We have partially purified a mitogenic factor, termed colony stimulating factor, which is secreted from a human T lymphocytic cell line, and which stimulates in vitro formation of colonies of macrophages and granulocytes by human bone marrow cells. Colony stimulating factor (CSF) produced by cells grown in serum supplemented media has a molecular weight of 60,000. It easily dissociates into a low (20,000) and a high (40,000) molecular weight component. The low molecular weight component, F I, initiates colony formation by a subset of the marrow cells. F II, the high molecular weight component, is inactive by itself, but reconstitution of F I with F II causes a dramatic increase in the number of target cells that form colonies. In serum-free media the T-cell line secretes only F I, which can be activated by F II. F II is only present when serum has been added to the medium, yet it is not present in the serum. Therefore, either the lymphocytes modify a component of the serum or they are stimulated to secrete F II by the serum. The molecular properties of this CSF suggest a possible mechanism of regulation of similar factors in that dissociation and reassociation may be physiologically important in determining which cell population is activated in hematopoiesis. PMID- 6976352 TI - Production of human antithyroglobulin in vitro, IV. Specific stimulation by antigen. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients whose serum contains antithyroglobulin are capable of producing antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg) in vitro when stimulated with insolubilized Tg and suboptimal amounts of pokeweed mitogen. Antigen stimulation of anti-Tg production was demonstrated in 6 of 10 experiments in which a 1:10,000 dilution of pokeweed mitogen was also included. Larger concentrations of antigen appeared to inhibit anti-Tg synthesis. Regulation of antigen-stimulated anti-Tg production by the patients' T cells was not different from regulation by the T cells of normal subjects. Both T help and T suppression of antigen-induced antibody synthesis was demonstrated with patients' T cells. These experiments continue to provide evidence that production of the autoantibody anti-Tg is related to an abnormality of B cells. PMID- 6976351 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 in human plasma. Use of isotachysterols and a comparison with gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for estimating plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D2 (25-OHD2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) is described. The method involves plasma extraction, Lipidex 5000 chromatography and HPLC on straight-phase Zorbax-SIL, collecting the 25-OHD2 + 25-OHD3 fractions. These secosteroids are isomerised to their isotachysterol derivatives and re-run in the same HPLC system, monitoring at 290 nm. 3H-Labelled 25-OHD3 is used as an internal standard. The method was evaluated in terms of reproducibility, and recovery of added secosteroids was quantitative. Values obtained using this method were in close agreement with those values obtained on the same plasma sample using gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. PMID- 6976354 TI - [The chromatin structure of nucleated erythrocyte of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976353 TI - The efficacy of vitamin D2 and oral phosphorus therapy in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia. PMID- 6976355 TI - Characterization of the defect in activation of factor IX Chapel Hill by human factor XIa. AB - Factor IXChapel Hill (Factor IXCH), an abnormal Factor IX molecule isolated from the plasma of a patient with mild hemophilia B, has previously been shown to exhibit delayed activation by Factor XIa and calcium. In this study, we have found that Factor IXCH is cleaved upon incubation with human Factor XIa and calcium; however, cleavage of this protein is not observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Under reducing conditions, the rate of disappearance of the zymogen parallels both the appearance of the heavy chain and the generation of clotting activity. In addition, a protein band that migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 45,000 also increases in parallel with clotting activity. Factor IXCH and normal Factor IX (Factor IXN), after incubation with Factor XIa and calcium, were subjected to amino terminal sequence analysis. Activated Factor IXN is cleaved at an arginine-alanine (Arg-Ala) bond and an arginine-valine (Arg-Val) bond as demonstrated by formation of the three amino terminal sequences corresponding to the amino terminal of the light chain, heavy chain, and activation peptide. However, activated Factor IXCH has only two amino terminal sequences, corresponding to the original amino terminal sequence and the heavy chain (formed by cleavage at the Arg-Val bond). It is concluded that the major defect in Factor IXCH is the inability of Factor XIa to cleave the Arg-Ala bond at a significant rate. The rate of formation of clotting activity of Factor IXCH is approximately 60% of the rate of formation of clotting activity of Factor IXN. The specific clotting activity of activated Factor IXCH is between 20 and 33% of activated Factor IXN. PMID- 6976356 TI - Production of antibodies specific for Fc, Fab', and streptokinase-streptodornase in vitro by peripheral blood cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal donors. Identification of immune complexes in culture supernatants containing hidden antibodies reactive with Fab' fragments of immunoglobulin G. AB - To study antibody (Ab) biosynthesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the immunoglobulin (Ig)M anti-Fc, anti-Fab', and antistreptokinase-streptodornase (SKSD) produced by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were measured at intervals from 1 to 19 d in culture. PBL from 17 seropositive patients with active RA and 30 age-matched controls were evaluated. Within the first 24 h, PBL from six of eight patients released >30 ng IgM anti-Fc, even in the absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). This early release of Ab was blocked by cycloheximide. With or without PWM, PBL from normal donors did not release IgM anti-Fc until after 3-5 d in vitro. By day 9, unstimulated PBL from seven patients made > 100 ng IgM anti Fc. Un-stimulated PBL from normals never made >95 ng of this Ab. When PWM was added, PBL from normal donors released as much IgM anti-Fc as was found in RA donor cultures. Paradoxically, addition of PWM to PBL of RA patients suppressed release of IgM anti-Fc in 4 of 17 cases to levels significantly below those found in unstimulated cultures of the same cells. Without PWM, PBL from RA donors frequently failed to make IgM anti-SKSD (P < 0.05 compared with normal donors' cells). With PWM, the quantities of IgM anti-SKSD released were comparable. Fluctuations in IgM anti-Fab' levels during the life-time of these cultures were sufficient to suggest that these Ab may be taken up in immune complexes. This hypothesis was verified by acidifying (pH 3.1) culture supernatants to which (125)I-Fab' had been added previously. The samples were then neutralized (pH 7.6) and 12% polyethylene glycol was added to separate free from antibody-bound (125)I Fab'. This procedure increased the quantity of (125)I-Fab' precipitated by > 10 fold in some cases. These studies suggest that there are a variety of abnormalities in Ab biosynthesis in RA. These include spontaneous synthesis of comparatively large quantities of IgM anti-Fc, relatively suppressed release of IgM anti-SKSD, and a paradoxical reduction, in some cases, in the biosynthesis of IgM anti-Fc after addition of PWM. PMID- 6976357 TI - Evidence for T cell-dependent immunity to Bacteroides fragilis in an intraabdominal abscess model. AB - It has been shown that active immunization of rats with the capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis protects these animals against abscess development following intraperitoneal challenge with this species. Passive transfer of hyperimmune globulin from immunized animals to nonimmune recipients provided protection against B. fragilis bacteremia in challenged animals, but did not confer protection against abscess development. On the other hand, adoptive transfer of spleen cells from immunized animals to nonimmunized recipients resulted in protection against abscesses following challenge with B. fragilis. These data suggested that a T cell-dependent immune response was involved in protection against abscess development after immunization with B. fragilis capsular antigen. To determine the possible role of cell-mediated immunity prompted by the capsular antigen, inbred congenitally athymic OLA/Rnu rats and their phenotypically normal littermates were actively immunized. Despite the development of high titers of anti-B. fragilis capsular antibody, 100% of actively immunized athymic rats developed abscesses, as did 100% of unimmunized athymic control rats. However, no phenotypically normal littermate control rats that were actively immunized developed abscesses, while 100% of phenotypically normal unimmunized rats developed abscesses. Additional studies showed that adoptive transfer of T cell-enriched spleen cell preparations from Wistar/Lewis rats immunized with the capsular polysaccharide to nonimmune recipients also resulted in protection against B. fragilis-induced abscesses. We conclude that the protection afforded by immunization with B. fragilis capsule against intraabdominal abscesses caused by that organism is T cell-mediated and does not require the presence of serum antibody. PMID- 6976358 TI - Differences in proteins synthesized by fibroblasts from normal individuals and patients with complete testicular feminization. AB - Patterns of protein synthesis by genital skin fibroblasts from three unrelated normal individuals and three unrelated patients with complete testicular feminization were compared to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. cell lines were maintained in monolayer culture and pulse labeled with [35S]methionine. Cells were lysed in 9 M urea, and aliquots of 20 microliters subjected to isoelectric focussing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. Gels of control fibroblasts showed two proteins (mol wt approximately 45,000, approximately 85,000; pKi approximately 5.0) markedly more prominent than on gels from affected fibroblasts. This pattern was unaltered by prior exposure to dihydrotestosterone, suggesting differences in constitutive proteins of the fibroblast cells. Parallel studies demonstrated a marked reduction in the ability of fibroblasts from patients with complete testicular feminization to bind androgens in vitro compared with those of normal individuals. The relationship between these proteins, androgen receptors, and androgen insensitivity requires further investigation. PMID- 6976359 TI - Quantitative measurement of regional extravascular lung density using positron emission and transmission tomography. AB - A technique has been developed to measure regional values of vascular and extravascular lung density using positron emission and transmission tomography. Quantitative values of lung density in a transaxial plane are obtained by recording transmission scans during the exposure of a ring source of positron emitting germanium/gallium-68, which encircles the subject in the plane of the scan. Values of blood density are obtained by scanning in the emission mode following the labeling of the subject's red blood cells with a quantity of C carbon monoxide inhaled as a bolus. Subtraction of the normalised blood volume scan from the normalised lung density (transmission) scan provides regional values of extravascular lung density. The response of the transmission scan to changes in density was obtained by scanning different tissue equivalent materials in the density range 0.02 to 1.0 g cm-3. This resulted in a linear relationship between pixel counts and density. Density measurements made in vitro on simulated chest phantoms suggest that, at worst, random errors of 3.5% and systematic errors (due to the influence of the chest wall) of between 10 and 15% will be incurred when measurements are made in vivo on lungs of average normal density (0.3 g cm-3). The random error associated with the emission scan (arising from counting statistics alone) was found to be 1.2%. Measurements of lung density made on five normal subjects (supine) resulted in a mean density of 0.29 g cm-3 for a region in the lower (caudal) part of the lung, with a range of values between 0.26 and 0.32 g cm-3 from subject to subject. A pronounced anteroposterior gradient of both lung density and blood density was observed, while the gradient of extravascular lung density was quite small. The mean value of the ratio extravascular: vascular lung density for both caudal and cranial lung regions was 0.92 +/- 0.25. PMID- 6976360 TI - Evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft patency with computed tomography. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has enabled noninvasive evaluation of coronary bypass graft patency. Thirty-three patients operated on with 75 venous coronary bypass grafts were studied in the early postoperative period. Scans were taken with geometric magnification with a field of view of 16 or 24 cm, which gave a high spatial resolution. In 12 patients, complementary angiography was performed, which demonstrated occlusion of six of the grafts. Blind review of the CT examinations demonstrated 67 out of 70 patent grafts (96%). PMID- 6976362 TI - A replicated study of self-reported changes in psychological absorption with marijuana intoxication. PMID- 6976361 TI - Technical note. Computer assisted analysis of tomographic images of the brain. AB - A computer system for the analysis of computed tomography and positron emission tomography scans of the brain is described. The system, called TOAP (Tomographic Overlay and Analysis Program), permits the registration of user specified slices from a digital brain atlas with the tomographic images. Regions of interest can then be defined with respect to the atlas. The system thus affords an objective and reproducible means for the analysis of tomographic images. PMID- 6976363 TI - Assessment of recovery: with special reference to a study with post-operative cardiac patients. AB - The recovery process is dependent on many psychological and physical factors. In this paper recovery refers to major, short-term illness often treated by surgery, which is not expected to result in permanent disability or handicap. Research reviewed which attempts to identify influences on recovery also shows how many patients are left with a degree of disability, usually for psychological reasons. It is suggested that the stress and impact of severe illness and surgery may have a long lasting, previously unrecognized effect. Nursing which studies the interaction of physical and psychological aspects of illness and care is seen as the most suitable discipline from which to assess recovery and identify risk factors. A study reported here with patients after coronary artery grafting, provides information on recovery and illustrates how many aspects of a patients' experience may help or hinder this process. Data is obtained from patients' interviews to give a wider, more humanistic evaluation of outcome than is usually employed for this type of surgery. PMID- 6976364 TI - Hemorrhage associated with telangiectases. PMID- 6976366 TI - [The prevention of vascular complications after caesarean section. A study of more than 2 000 caesarean operations carried out in one year (1978) in the hospital centres of the West (author's transl)]. AB - An enquiry was carried out to analyse vascular accidents (thrombo-emboli and haemorrhages) in the immediate post-operative period in more than 2,000 Caesarean operations which were carried out in 1978 in 15 hospital departments in the West of France, and this allowed the reporters to point out the factors that predispose to such accidents occurring. Among these factors were the family history and the patient's own cardiovascular history, the profile of the patient (an age above 35, obesity, high parity and associated pathology of pregnancy), prolonged rest in bed before the operation, the conditions under which the Caesarean operations were carried out and the risks of post-operative infection. These seem to indicate that anticoagulants should be used as a preventive measure but not routinely. In fact, in the series that used anticoagulant medication too freely, there was a definitely increased risk of haemorrhage, while the incidence of thrombo-embolic complications seemed to be greater when anticoagulants were prescribed without systematically grading the quantities given. The least number of such accidents were found when preventive measures were carried out with a good control of the effects of the treatments. PMID- 6976365 TI - [Hysterectomy to stop bleeding in obstetrics. Are there still indications for performing hysterectomy immediately post-partum? (author's transl)]. AB - 13 cases of hysterectomy carried out to stop bleeding immediately after delivery have been studied. Among these there were : 5 cases of placenta accreta which confirmed histologically. 4 cases of uterine inertia. 2 cases of failure of coagulation, one of which occurred after there had been a retro-placental haematoma and 2 ruptured uteri. After analysing the clinical circumstances surrounding these 13 cases and the technical details in carrying out hysterectomy on the gravid uterus, the authors studied conservative surgical measures that could be used to deal with post-partum uterine haemorrhage : the hypogastric arteries on the one hand the efferent arteries supplying the uterus on the other hand can be ligated. The technique for this last procedure is illustrated in one case. PMID- 6976367 TI - Evaluation and initial management of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Evaluation and initial management of a patient with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding progresses in stepwise fashion, beginning with assessment of the severity of bleeding. For this, the hematocrit must be considered in conjunction with factors reflecting vascular volume such as blood pressure and heart rate. Resuscitation to maintain tissue oxygenation should than be instituted with intravenous fluids and blood products in amounts appropriate to the severity of hemorrhage. Vital signs are monitored carefully. During resuscitation, attention is directed to determining whether bleeding comes from the upper or lower GI tract. If upper GI bleeding has been proven, gastric lavage is performed through a large-bore orogastric tube using copious quantities of fluid. Empiric therapy for upper GI bleeding, usually aimed at reducing gastric acidity, may be instituted as decisions regarding diagnostic techniques are considered. Endoscopy is a more accurate diagnostic tool than barium x-rays and can be performed in all but massively bleeding patients. There is overwhelming evidence, however, that, at least in patients who cease bleeding during resuscitation, endoscopy does not alter outcome. Since endoscopy is expensive, it should be reserved for selected patients in whom a specific diagnosis will dictate an important change in therapy. PMID- 6976368 TI - Genetic influences on the adjuvanticity of muramyl dipeptide in vivo. AB - The possibility that the adjuvanticity of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) is under genetic control in mice was examined. It was observed that MDP markedly enhances the secondary antibody response of BALB/c mice to bovine albumin but has little enhancing effect on C57BL/10Sn (B10) mice under the same conditions. This strain difference was not abolished by variations in the amount of MDP, the immunization protocol, the assay method, or the antigen used. An analysis of inbred and congenic strains showed that the responsiveness to MDP was influenced by at least two genes, one inside and one outside of the major histocompatibility complex. Mice with the C57BL background and/or the H-2b genome responded weakly to the adjuvant action of MDP, whereas those with the BALB/c or C3H background and/or H-2d or H-2k haplotypes responded more strongly. It is anticipated that the analysis of the mechanism of adjuvanticity of MDP will be facilitated by the use of mice that differ in their response to the adjuvant action of MDP. PMID- 6976369 TI - Biochemical characterization of regulatory factors derived from T cell hybridomas and spleen cells. I. Separation of T cell growth factor and T cell replacing factor from granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AB - We describe the molecular characteristics of T cell growth factor (TCGF), T cell replacing factor (TRF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM CSF) produced by a T cell hybridoma after stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A). All three activities could be separated from Con A itself by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The TRF and TCGF activities had a m.w. of 35,000 to 40,000 on gel filtration in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Their m.w. were about 30,000 under dissociating conditions in guanidine hydrochloride and about 35,000 to 40,000 under disulfide reducing conditions, suggesting the molecule(s) lacked noncovalent or disulfide-linked subunit structure. GM-CSF had a m.w. of 25,000 to 30,000 by gel filtration in PBS and about 23,000 in guanidine hydrochloride. TRF and TCGF on the one hand and GM-CSF on the other could be distinguished by the criteria of m.w., relative heat sensitivity, and hydrophobic chromatography. TCGF could not be separated from TRF by any of these methods. In terms of all the above properties, factor derived from the T cell hybridoma and spleen cells appeared identical. PMID- 6976370 TI - Biochemical characterization of regulatory factors derived from T cell hybridomas and spleen cells. II. Evidence for glycosylation of T cell growth factor, T cell replacing factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AB - Isoelectric focusing demonstrated that T cell growth factor (TCGF), T cell replacing factor (TRF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM CSF) derived from concanavalin A-stimulated T cell hybridomas and spleen cells are heterogeneous with respect to charge. The spleen cell-derived TCGF and TRF activities focused with isoelectric points (pI) between 3.5 and 6.5 whereas the range for GM-CSF activity was broader (pI, 3.5 to 8.0). The T cell hybridoma derived activities were slightly more acidic. Neuraminidase treatment of both hybridoma 123 and spleen cell-derived material resulted in a major peak of each activity (TRF/TCGF pI, 4.9; GM-CSF pI, 4.7). Neuraminidase treatment of hybridoma T6-derived material resulted in peaks of TRF and TCGF around 6.0 as well as one around 5.0, suggesting that this charge heterogeneity was due to causes other than variations in the level of sialic acid on the relevant molecules. Tunicamycin-treated spleen cells or hybridoma 123 cells released biologically active TCGF, TRF, and GM-CSF. Each of these three activities from tunicamycin treated spleen cells focused with pI around 5.0. A major fraction of TRF, TCGF, and GM-CSF activities bound to wheat-germ agglutinin. GM-CSF also bound to concanavalin A and lentil lectin. These results suggest that the molecules responsible for TCGF, TRF, and GM-SCF activities are glycosylated and that the observed heterogeneity in charge and lectin-binding characteristics is due in part to variable glycosylation. Glycosylation was not critical for any of the three biologic activities. No conclusive separation of TRF and TCGF activities was observed in these experiments although GM-CSF differed from TRF and TCGF in that it bound to Concanavalin A. PMID- 6976371 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies against MM antigen: the serologic identification of MM antigen with Ly-6.2 alloantigen. AB - Monoclonal antibodies against MM46, an ascitic mouse mammary tumor of C3H/H2, were produced by fusing mouse myeloma cell line NS-1 with spleen cells from a (BALB/c X C3H/HeN)F1 mice hyperimmunized with MM46, an MM antigen-positive tumor. Eight antibodies showed cytotoxicity against MM46, but not against MM48, an MM antigen-negative ascitic mammary tumor, and one hybridoma produced an agglutinating antibody. One of the cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies, 3-3-C, was selected, and the strain distribution and the tissue distribution of MM antigen were studied. The results demonstrated that MM antigen had a strain distribution identical to Ly-6.2 antigen, and a similar tissue distribution. Therefore, the characterization of MM antigen and Ly-6.2 antigen was investigated. Ly-6.2 antibody was shown to be cytotoxic for MM46, but not for MM48, in accordance with 3-3-C. Genetic segregation analysis of MM and Ly-6.2 antigens in 33 backcross mice demonstrated complete concordance between these two antigens. In addition, MM antigen phenotype of an Ly-6.2 congenic strain, C3H.B6-Ly-6b, was studied, and it was found to be positive in contrast to C3H/HeN. Furthermore, cross-absorption studies revealed that both MM46 cells and C3H.B6-Ly-6b lymph node cells could absorb cytotoxic activities of 3-3-C and monoclonal anti-Ly-6.2 antibody. The results so far obtained suggested strongly that these two loci controlling expression of MM and Ly-6.2 antigens were identical or very closely linked. PMID- 6976372 TI - Effect of lipid A incorporation on characterization of liposomal model membranes as thymus-independent type 1 or type 2 immunogens. AB - We used the following criteria to determine whether liposomal model membranes are thymus-independent type 1 (TI-1) or type 2 (TI-2) immunogens: a) in vivo response of (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 male and female mice; b) in vitro response of spleen cells from these mice; c) ontogeny of the response in cultures of (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 male cells obtained from mice of different ages; d) ability of a monoclonal anti delta antibody to block the in vitro response of C57BL/6 spleen cells. The liposomes were sensitized with N(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-6-N-aminocaproyl) dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (TNP-Cap-DPPE) and were prepared without and with incorporation of the B cell mitogen, lipid A. On the basis of the above criteria, liposomes prepared without lipid A can be characterized as a TI-2 immunogen and resemble TNP-Ficoll. In contrast, liposomes prepared with lipid A behave like a TI-1 immunogen such as TNP-BA (trinitrophenylated Brucella abortus). Conversion of liposomes from a TI-2 to a TI-1 immunogen by inclusion of lipid A in the bilayers was achieved under conditions of constant TNP-Cap-DPPE epitope density. Increasing the epitope density in liposomes made without lipid A does not result in transformation of immunogen type. These results, which bear on the features that may distinguish TI-1 from TI-2 immunogens, are discussed with regard to the involvement of macrophages and T cells in the response. PMID- 6976374 TI - Defective regulation of B lymphocyte colony formation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We have succeeded in generating B cell colonies from freshly separated human peripheral blood by the double agar layer technique and expanding them in liquid culture for several weeks. Populations of cells enriched in B cells were placed into the upper layer with or without bacterial LPS. Although B cell colonies were observed without LPS, the addition of LPS to the cells in the upper agar layer increased the number of colonies. Also necessary for optimal B cell colony formation was the presence in the lower agar layer of either culture supernatant of PHA-stimulated mononuclear cells or purified T cells and PHA. Without such helper factors in the lower layer, only a few B cell colonies were observed in the upper layer. By using these techniques, peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied for the generation of B cell colonies. Significantly more B cell colonies were observed in patients with SLE, using either kind of "helper" factor. In addition, T cells from normal individuals and patients were tested for their ability to help B cell colony formation. The SLE T cells were found to be defective in this function relative to normal T cells. Thus, although patients with SLE were hyperactive in forming B cell colonies, thier T cells were defective in supporting the formation of B cell colonies from normal individuals. PMID- 6976373 TI - Biochemical and immunologic heterogeneity of Ia glycoproteins isolated from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Ia glycoproteins have been isolated from human chronic lymphocytic leukemic cells (CLL) by Lens culinaris chromatography and by filtration on ACA-34 Ultrogel. Ia antigenic activity, measured by inhibition of the cellular radioimmunoassay, was separated by gel filtration into 2 fractions, peak I and peak II. Monoclonal antibodies, produced against peak II glycoproteins, appear to recognize different antigenic determinants of Ia molecules. Monoclonal antibody 18a4 reacted with Ia molecules of peaks I and II, whereas monoclonal antibodies 18c2 and 18d5 reacted almost exclusively with peak II molecules both in the cellular radioimmunoassay and by immunoprecipitation. In addition to antigenic differences, minor variations in the apparent m.w. of the Ia polypeptide chains were observed between peaks I and II. These results indicate the existence of antigenically distinct subsets of Ia molecules that are separable by gel filtration. PMID- 6976375 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity granuloma formation around Schistosoma mansoni eggs in vitro. I. Definition of the model. AB - An in vitro model of granuloma formation was established in order to study the cellular interactions involved in the formation of delayed hypersensitivity granulomas and the cellular interactions responsible for host modulation of that response in chronic infections of schistosomiasis. This model utilizes Schistosoma mansoni eggs from adult worm pairs that have been cultured in vitro as an antigenic source and spleen cells from either normal or actively infected C57BL/6 mice as the cell donors. The results establish a consistent sequence of events characterized by initial adherence of mononuclear cells to the egg; subsequent blast transformation by these cells; recruitment of additional mononuclear cell populations, including lymphocytes and macrophages; and recruitment of eosinophils and fibroblasts, which are capable of synthesizing collagen. The immunologic nature of this reaction has been established through analyses after presensitization either by natural infection or through the use of soluble egg antigen. These studies have demonstrated the immunologic specificity of the reaction, its dependence on an initial T lymphocyte-mediated event, and recruitment of other cell populations. Preliminary studies show that modulation in vitro reflects the in vivo kinetics of granuloma modulation. PMID- 6976377 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity granuloma formation and modulation around Schistosoma mansoni eggs in vitro. II. Regulatory T cell subsets. AB - Schistosoma mansoni granuloma modulation was first described in an in vivo murine model of schistosomiasis and was characterized as a diminished cellular responsiveness to newly formed eggs in chronic infections. This phenomenon of modulation was studied using an in vitro model of granuloma formation. Negative selection procedures using anti-Lyt-1.2, 2.2, and Qa-1 sera and complement on spleen cell populations from normal or S. mansoni-infected C57BL/6 or (C57BL/6 X A/J)F1 mice were examined for their effect on in vitro granuloma formation or modulation. These data suggest that there is a Lyt-1+2-, Qa-1+ T cell present in chronically infected spleen cells that is capable of inducing feedback suppression. In addition, selective removal of a population of Lyt-1-2+ T cells from chronically infected spleen cells augmented the ability of that population to form granulomas in vitro. The selective removal of Lyt-1+2- cells ablated the ability of chronically infected spleen cells to form in vitro granulomas. Granuloma formation is primarily dependent on a population of Lyt-1+, Qa-1+ cells, and modulation is dependent on 2 populations, 1 acting directly (Lyt-1-2+) and the other through a (Lyt-1+2-, Qa-1+) feedback mechanism of suppression. PMID- 6976378 TI - The in vitro and in vivo induction of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies in normal and autoimmune mice. AB - To determine whether the existence of anti-dsDNA producing lymphocyte clones is limited to autoimmune strains of mice, spleen cells derived from autoimmune mice (NZB, NZB X NZW F1, MRL) and from normal strains (BALB/c, DBA/2, C57BL/6, C3H/eb) were cultured with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). DNase-treated supernatants from these cultures were assayed for anti-dsDNA antibodies by employing a sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay with poly (dA-dT) as the antigen. All tested spleen cells secreted a small yet significant amount of anti-dsDNA upon stimulation with LPS. There was no difference in the amount or in the heavy chain type of anti-dsDNA secreted by cells from normal and autoimmune strain cells. Evidence of clonal expansion in unstimulated cells was observed only in cultures prepared from older autoimmune animals. Removal of T cells from the spleen cell preparations had no marked effect on the spontaneous or stimulated antibody secretion. Anti-dsDNA antibodies could also be induced in vivo by i.p. injection of LPS into young normal animals. Splenocytes from all tested strains spontaneously secreted anti-ssDNA and anti-TNP antibodies in culture, and these were present at relatively high levels in the serum of unstimulated animals. Stimulation with LPS increased secretion of anti-ssDNA and anti-TNP in all strains in vitro and in five of seven strains in vivo as well. It can be concluded that a) the existence of anti-dsDNA-producing clones is not limited to autoimmune strains, and b) these clones are expanded in old but not in young autoimmune mice. They are not expanded in normal mice at any age. PMID- 6976376 TI - Synovial fluid lymphocytes differ from peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Peripheral blood (PBL) and synovial fluid lymphocytes (SFL) from 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies that detect specific T cell surface antigens (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, SC1) and antigens associated with lymphocyte activation (anti-Ia, OKT10, B3/25). RA patients' PBL contained 1010 +/- 74 OKT4+ and 401 +/- 62 OKT8+ cells/mm3 (ratio OKT4+/OKT8+ = 2.4 +/- 0.3). In contrast, SFL from these patients exhibited a significantly different proportion of T cell subsets (ratio OKT4+/OKT8+ = 1.1 +/- 0.5) (p less than 0.0001) with 630 +/- 180 OKT4+ and 595 +/- 225 OKT8+ cells/mm3. Synovial fluid contained significantly more activated T cells based on the presence of Ia positive T cells (19 +/- 5%) and reactivity with antibody OKT10 (49 +/- 7%) compared with RA-PBL (8 +/- 3% Ia-positive T cells and 13 +/- 6% OKT10+). Compared with RA-PBL, normal PBL contained an elevated number of OKT8+ cells (610 +/- 48/mm3), a similar number of OKT4+ cells (1040 +/- 86/mm3), and a lower percentage of activated lymphocytes (3 +/- 2% Ia-positive T cells and 10 +/- 8% OKT10+ cells). SFL, RA-PBL, and normal PBL all showed less than 3% cells reactive with antibody B3/25 (anti-transferrin receptor antibody), a marker found on in vitro activated T cells. These findings demonstrate that the lymphocytes at the site of inflammation differ significantly from the lymphocytes present in the peripheral blood of the same patients. RA patients had a small but significant decrease in the number of OKT8+ cells/mm3 compared with normal PBL (p less than 0.01), suggesting that this lymphocyte subset may home to synovial tissues, where it becomes activated. PMID- 6976379 TI - Neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T lymphocytes (NIF-T): selective removal of biologic activity by human peripheral blood neutrophils, myelocytic leukemia cells, and differentiated HL-60 cells. PMID- 6976380 TI - Similar disturbances in B cell activity and regulatory T cell function in Henoch Schonlein purpura and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6976381 TI - T cell subsets required for protection against age-dependent polioencephalomyelitis of C58 mice. AB - C58 mice are rendered susceptible to age-dependent polioencephalomyelitis by the natural aging process or by treatment with immunosuppressive agents. The mechanism of immunologically-mediated resistance was investigated. Susceptibility to the disease results from the loss of protective T cells. Transfer of unfractionated, naive splenic T cells from young donors prevented disease induction in immunosuppressed mice. Spleen cells from aged mice did not render young animals susceptible to disease, nor were they protective. Lyt phenotype analysis of the protective cells showed that the Lyt-1, Lyt-1,2, and Lyt-2 T cell subsets were all required for the generation of a protective response. When young donor animals were presensitized with LDV, transfer of Lyt-2 cells alone was protective. PMID- 6976382 TI - Expression of T cell differentiation antigens and Ia on rat cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Study of lymphocyte subsets has been facilitated by the detection of various surface markers that are related to distinct functions. We have explored the use of affinity methods for separation of large quantities (10(8)) of rat cells and used this technique to identify surface markers of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Splenocytes from animals bearing skin allografts for 7 days were depleted of B cells and were separated into T cell subsets by using W3/25 and OX8 monoclonal antibodies, which mark two nonoverlapping populations of peripheral T cells. Our results demonstrate that the cytotoxic T cells are W3/25- and OX8+. They also bear minimal or no Ag-F alloantigen, a peripheral T cell marker, and they express Ia-like products analogous to those of the mouse I-A subregion but not of the I E/C subregion. PMID- 6976383 TI - Induction and persistence of local B cell memory in mice. AB - Mice were injected with TNP-KLH in one front footpad and challenged in both front footpads 1 to 16 wk thereafter. The response of the contralateral node was significantly lower than that of the ipsilateral node early and again late, but not at intermediate, intervals after priming. This difference was not abolished by boosting with a higher dose of antigen or by administering excess carrier primed helper T cells before challenge with antigen. The ipsilateral brachial lymph node cells transferred significantly higher B cell memory responsiveness at all intervals after priming than the contralateral lymph node, although at 2 to 4 wk both lymph nodes transferred substantial memory. At later intervals (more than 8 wk) only the ipsilateral lymph nodes transferred significant memory for TNP. Priming in the front footpads did not result in a splenic primary response, but a secondary response was observed in the spleen after boosting in the footpads. The relative importance of antigen localization and circulating memory cells in determining induction and persistence of memory in sites of lymphoid tissue proximal and distal to antigen injection is discussed. PMID- 6976384 TI - Relationship between IL 2 synthesis and the proliferative response to PHA in different primary immunodeficiencies. PMID- 6976385 TI - Differences in the migration of B and T lymphocytes: organ-selective localization in vivo and the role of lymphocyte-endothelial cell recognition. AB - The migration of B and T lymphocytes in the mouse has been studied by using 1) short-term in vivo homing studies, and 2) an in vitro assay of lymphocyte binding to specialized lymphoid organ venules (post-capillary, high endothelial venules (HEV)) in frozen sections of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. The homing characteristics of B and T cell populations are largely independent of their organ of origin. B cells from any source distribute preferentially to Peyer's patches, whereas T cells home preferentially to peripheral lymph nodes. This organ specificity of migration appears to be determined at the site of lymphocyte exit from the blood by selective recognition of organ-specific determinants on the endothelial cells of HEV. In addition, the in vivo tendency of B cells to migrate preferentially to the spleen, and of T cells to localize better in lymph nodes is confirmed. The results indicate that, in a hypothetical situation in which an equal number of B and T lymphocytes localized in peripheral lymph nodes (or bound in vitro to peripheral node HEV), there would be about 2.5 B cells for every T cell in the mesenteric node, four to six B cells per T cell in Peyer's patches, and seven to nine B cells per T cell in the spleen. Comparison of these homing preferences with the distribution of B and T lymphocyte populations in situ suggests that selective lymphocyte migration may help determine the proportions of functionally distinct lymphocyte classes in particular lymphoid organs or sites of chronic inflammation, and thus may serve to influence the character of local immune responses. PMID- 6976386 TI - Induction of FcR alpha on murine lymphocytes by IgA in vitro. PMID- 6976388 TI - Rat NK cells active against lymphoma and sarcoma tumor cells are probably identical. PMID- 6976387 TI - Cellular interactions of human T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies in regulating B cell differentiation: a comparative study in Nocardia water-soluble mitogen- and pokeweed mitogen-stimulated culture systems. PMID- 6976389 TI - OT-CLL: a human T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia that produces IL 2 in high titer. AB - This report identifies and describes a human T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, OT-CLL, which can be triggered by selected mitogens (either PHA or Con A) to produce IL 2 in high titer. Optimal IL 2 production requires culturing OT-CLL cells at 2 to 5 X 10(6)/ml for 24 hr in the presence of 1 to 2% PHA-M. Under these conditions, the titer of IL 2 generated is greater than 20-fold that obtained from conventional sources, e.g., from mitogen-activated tonsillar lymphocytes. Two lines of experimental evidence suggest that the tumor cell product(s) is IL 2. First, in functional assays, suprenatants derived from cultures of PHA-activated OT-CLL cells trigger the proliferation and long-term growth of IL 2-dependent human TCL cells. Second, a partial biochemical purification of the active moiety(ies) derived from OT-CLL demonstrates marked similarity to conventional human IL 2. Thus, the biologically active material(s) precipitates in 50 to 70% saturated (NH4)2 SO4 solutions; elutes from DEAE Sepharose in the presence of 0.04-0.08 M NaCl; and has an apparent m.w. of approximately 14,000, as determined by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. In addition, analysis of OT-CLL cells by indirect immunofluorescence, utilizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies, confirms not only that these tumor cells are of T cell lineage but that they display surface antigens that define the normal human peripheral T cell subset subserving helper or inducer function: OKT3+, OKT4+ , OKT8-. PMID- 6976390 TI - Identification of human CML target. HLA-B locus (B12) antigen variants defined by CTL generated between B locus-identical (B12) responder-stimulator pairs. AB - The genetics of human CML targets were studied by seven CTL generated in combinations iun which the responder/stimulator difference was limited to one (or two) HLA-A, -B, or -C antigens. Unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes were used as targets. CTL sensitized against antigens A11, Aw31, or B17 lysed all cells bearing the respective target from a large panel of cells from unrelated individuals. Hence, at least one CTL clone was directed against the HLA antigen molecule. However, all CTL also exerted cross-kill to cells not sharing the stimulating HLA antigen. For two CTL, the target of the cross-kill was not clarified. Five CTL were found where the cross-kill was directed against antigen HLA-B12 (Bw44 and Bw45). All these cTL were generated in R/S pairs identical for B locus antigens (Bw44/Bw35 heterozygotes). The individual CTL lysed different parts of the panel of B12-positive target cells. The interpretation is that these CTL detect subtypes of HLA antigens, but alternative possibilities are also considered. Four B12 subtypes are described, tentatively designated as B12 related CML targets. Identification of HLA-B-related CML targets represent CML "typing" of HLA-antigen differences that were not detected serologically. The subtypes can now be tested for their possible functional significance. PMID- 6976391 TI - Induction of T cell growth factor synthesis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by staphylococcal protein A. AB - Staphylococcal Protein A (SpA) induces T cell growth factor (TCGF) production in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with titers equivalent to those induced by PHA. The optimal time and cell concentration for TCGF production were found to be the same for SpA and PHA . TCGF induction by SpA was blocked by addition of human AB-serum or human IgG, as was the mitogenic effect of SpA. An easy and inexpensive procedure is described for the quantitative removal of SpA from TCGF without loss of TCGF activity. PMID- 6976392 TI - Clonal characteristics of cutaneous T cell lymphomas: cytogenetic evidence from blood, lymph nodes, and skin. AB - Chromosome studies were done on mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from one or more tissues (blood, lymph nodes, skin lesions) in 15 patients with mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome. A cytogenetically abnormal clone was found in 10 individuals, including 6 with data from several tissues. In 4 cases the same aberrant clone was identified in a skin lesion as well as in blood and/or lymph node. The abnormal chromosome patterns ranged from hypodiploid to hypertetraploid, and there was no evidence of unrelated karyotypically-altered lines at different sites. A 6q- chromosome, previously reported in acute lymphocytic leukemia, was found in 2 patients. The results support the concept that cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) are clonal disorders, presumably unifocal in origin, with the skin lesions populated by cells from the same neoplastic clone that involves lymph nodes and blood. PMID- 6976394 TI - Human antibody responses to lipopolysaccharide after meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Levels of serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured in acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 27 patients with meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The geometric mean titers of antibodies to LPS in acute-phase sera were similar to those of 24 control children and 22 healthy adults. In convalescent-phase sera there was a fourfold increase in the geometric mean titers of IgG and IgM antibodies to LPS. The antibody responses wee independent of age and of antibody response to the type b capsule. However, the responses were bimodal: children with high levels of IgG and IgM antibodies to LPS in acute-phase sera did not respond with further increases in serum antibodies to LPS after infection, whereas children with lower initial levels showed high responses. The presence of high levels of antibodies to LPS in the sera of half of the acutely ill children suggests that antibodies to some LPS determinants are not protective. PMID- 6976393 TI - Cellular uptake and intracellular activity of antibiotics against Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - The ability of penicillins and chloramphenicol to enter human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and their antibacterial activity against intracellular Haemophilus influenzae type b were studied. Penicillin was excluded whereas chloramphenicol was concentrated in PMNLs; chloramphenicol uptake was not dependent on PMNL energy and was not competitively inhibited by unlabeled drug. PMNLs that had phagocytized opsonized H. influenzae type b were examined after incubation for 24 hr. In the absences of antibiotics, intact intracellular H. influenzae type b organisms were observed in PMNLs by electron microscopy. These PMNLs contained 10(4.5) colony-forming units (cfu) of H. influenzae type b. Addition of penicillin or ampicillin at four, 20, or 40 times the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) decreased this density from 10(4.5) to 10(3.5) cfu. In contrast, addition of chloramphenicol at four times the MBC reduced the density to approximately 100 cfu; at 10 times the MBC it reduced the density to approximately 10 cfu. Thus, lipid-soluble antibiotics such as chloramphenicol are concentrated and are bioactive within PMNLs. Such antibiotics may have a significant advantage at the cellular level. PMID- 6976395 TI - Occult bacteremia due to Haemophilus influenza type by in a 10-year-old girl. PMID- 6976396 TI - [Two cases with the heart murmur originated from aortocoronary bypass: the diagnostic use of dipyridamole (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases with the heart murmurs considered to be caused by aortocoronary (A-C) bypass surgery were reported. Case 1: A systolic and an early and late diastolic murmurs were noted following A-C bypass surgery. The murmurs were located at the second left intercostal space. After methoxamine, the systolic and early diastolic murmurs increases slightly in intensity, while the late diastolic murmur did not change. Amyl nitrite inhalation slightly increased the intensity of the systolic murmur, but did not that of the diastolic murmur. Dipyridamole injection at a rate of 0.142 mg/kg/min resulted in the increase of both systolic and diastolic murmurs. Case 2: A diastolic murmur was noted following the bypass surgery, which was situated over the fourth left intercostal space, 4 cm outside from the left sternal border. Methoxamine injection intensified the murmur. The murmur was not affected by amyl nitrite. After dipyridamole injection, the murmur was slightly intensified. Dipyridamole is known to dilate coronary vessels without affecting appreciably the systemic circulation. In these two cases, the murmur noted following A-C bypass surgery was increased with dipyridamole, suggesting clinical applicability of this drug in ascertaining the bypass flow murmur. PMID- 6976397 TI - [The appraisal for the effect of aorto-coronary bypass operation on left ventricular contractility (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976398 TI - [Pathological change of implanted autogenous saphenous vein in the child with Kawasaki disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976399 TI - [Immunological studies on stomach cancer patients - with special emphasis on evaluation of parameters and their scoring (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976400 TI - [The effect of bestatin on the lymphocyte functions of cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976401 TI - Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plan contracts with providers: cost containment objectives amid conflicting legislative schemes. PMID- 6976402 TI - The right of access of the medically underserved to health care services. PMID- 6976403 TI - Amniocentesis and the apotheosis of human quality control. PMID- 6976404 TI - Hospital amenability to strict tort liability. PMID- 6976405 TI - The physician-patient privilege: should the pharmacist be included? PMID- 6976406 TI - Recognition of polymorphic H-2 domains by T lymphocytes. I. Functional role of different H-2 domains for the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes and determination of precursor frequencies. AB - In the present communication, the repertoire of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) clones was quantitatively investigated by limiting dilution analysis and by target inhibition with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). These mAb have previously been shown to define two distinct alloantigenic domains, A and B, on the H-2Kk molecule. The Poisson distribution analysis of H 2Kk-specific CTL clones generated in a limiting dilution system revealed three CTL populations with different precursor frequencies. The high frequent population is suppressed by an unknown suppressive mechanism that allows less frequent CTL populations to become visible. Target inhibition studies with a panel of Kk-specific mAb showed that these CTL populations differ not only in their precursor frequency but also in their specificity for different H-2 epitopes on the Kk molecule. Thus clones of the high frequency population are almost exclusively specific for determinants within domain A. In contrast, the low frequency population displays predominant specificity for determinants of domain B, while the population with medium frequency is blocked equally well by mAb against either domains A or B. Each mAb blocked only a fraction of clones indicating that each CTL subpopulation may consist of a large number of clonotypes with specificity for different H-2 epitopes. The data suggest that CTL recognize basically the same polymorphic domains on the H-2Kk molecule defined by antibodies, and they show that regulatory mechanisms determine the expressed repertoire in CTL populations. PMID- 6976407 TI - Heterogeneity in surface antigen and glycoprotein expression of cell lines derived from different melanoma metastases of the same patient. Implications for the study of tumor antigens. AB - Three established lines of melanoma cells were derived from anatomically distinct metastases occurring in a single patient (DX). The lines, DX-1, DX-2, and DX-3, showed marked phenotypic diversity, as indicated by characteristic differences in growth rate, morphology, pigmentation, and the expression of surface antigens and glycoproteins. DX-1 and DX-3 expressed HLA-DR products, whereas DX-2 lacked HLA DR expression. DX-1, DX-2, and DX-3 could also be distinguished on the basis of the profile of radiolabeled glycoproteins. Additional quantitative differences in the surface antigenic phenotype of the three cell lines were revealed by serological tests with a battery of monoclonal and conventional antibodies defining melanoma differentiation antigens. In tests for autologous humoral immunity to melanoma cells, sera from patient DX were found to have IgG antibody that reacted with surface antigens of DX-2 cells; no autologous reactivity was seen with DX-1 or DX-3 target cells or with three more recently established melanoma cell lines from patient DX. Absorption analysis indicated that the antigen detected by DX sera on DX-2 cells is a class 1 melanoma antigen, having been detected only on DX-2 cells and in much lower but demonstrable amounts on DX 1 and DX-3 cells. No other cell type, including DX normal fibroblasts, DX B cells, or 45 allogeneic melanoma cell lines expressed the class 1 antigen of DX melanoma. The fact that only one of the melanoma cell lines derived from patient DX was suitable target for the detection of autologous class 1 reactivity has implications for the study of human tumor antigens and may explain why antibody to class 1 antigens has been found so infrequently in past studies of melanoma patients. PMID- 6976408 TI - Generation of functional human T cell hybrids. AB - Human T cell hybrids were generated by fusing lectin-activated normal and leukemic human T cells with an aminopterin-sensitive human T cell line. This mutant cell line, designated CEM-T15, was derived from the human T cell line CEM after chemical mutagenesis with ethane methylsulfonate and subsequent culture in medium containing 6-thioguanine. After polyethylene glycol-induced fusion, the cells were cultured in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine selective medium. More than 5 wk after fusion, evidence for successful hybridization was obtained by three independent criteria: (a) The majority of the cultures contained cells expressing the OKT3 surface antigen: this antigen is expressed on normal T cells but not on CEM-T15 cells. (b) Most of the cultures contained polyploid cells. (c) Some of the cultures provided helper activity in the generation of antibody forming cells. This functional activity is absent from the CEM-T15 parental cell line. Evidence for functional stability of the hybrids greater than 20 wk after fusion was provided by several clones that not only continue growing exponentially but also maintain expression of OKT3 surface antigen and high levels of helper function. These T cell hybrids constructed using antigen specific human T cells should be of considerable importance in further studies of the immunobiology of human T cells. PMID- 6976409 TI - The nature of the immunoglobulin G on the surface of B lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The nature of the immunoglobulin (Ig) G found associated with the neoplastic B lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia that also express Igm and IgD had been investigated by absorption studies using anti-idiotypic antibodies raised against cell surface IgM from five patients. In all five cases, although cellular IgM and IgD behaved as idiotypic, the IgG did not. Thus the IgG frequently found associated with lymphocytes at this stage of differentiation is likely, at least in many cases, to be of extrinsic origin. PMID- 6976410 TI - Antigen recognition by cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes follows rules predicted by the altered-self hypothesis. AB - Radiation chimeras prepared by injecting H-2 heterozygous F1 stem cells into lethally irradiated parental hosts show a marked, but not absolute, preference for host-type H-2 antigens in the H-2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to minor histocompatibility (minor H) antigens. We have selected for the anti-minor HCTL that are restricted to the parental H-2 type absent from the chimeric host and found that in two out of eight cases, such CTL lysed target cells of either parental H-2 type. From one of these CTL populations that lysed H 2d and H-2k target cells expressing BALB minor H antigens, clones were derived and further analyzed. The results showed that: (a) lysis of both H-2d and H-2k target cells was H-2 restricted; (b) H-2d restriction mapped to Dd, and H-2k restriction mapped to Kk; (c) testing against various H-2d and H-2k strains of different and partially overlapping minor H backgrounds as well as against the appropriate F1 crosses revealed that in Dd- and Kk-restricted killing, different minor H antigens were recognized. In a second system, a CTL population was selected from normal (H-2d x H-2k)F1 mice that was specific for H-2d plus minor H antigens and for H-2k plus trinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin. We interpret these findings in terms of the altered-self hypothesis: The association of one H 2 antigen with one conventional antigen X may be recognized by the same T cell receptor specific for the complex formed by a different H-2 antigen in association with a second conventional antigen Y. The implications of these observations for the influence of self H-2 on the generation of the T cell receptor repertoire are discussed. PMID- 6976412 TI - Suppression of interstitial nephritis by auto-anti-idiotypic immunity. AB - Rats immunized with renal tubular antigens were protected from the development of interstitial nephritis by pretreatment with tubular antigen-reactive T lymphoblasts. Protected animals developed anti-idiotypic antibodies against idiotypes primarily within the antigen-binding region of monoclonal antitubular basement membrane antibodies. These studies extend the concept of auto-anti idiotypic regulation to autoimmune disease, and they also provide an experimental basis for further efforts to develop biologically relevant mechanisms for attenuating the expression of other kidney diseases. PMID- 6976411 TI - A specific biosynthetic marker for immature thymic lymphoblasts. Active synthesis of thymus-leukemia antigen restricted to proliferating cells. AB - Large cortical thymocytes from C57BL/6-Tla(a) mice have been prepared rapidly and in high yield by a combination of centrifugal elutriation and differential binding to peanut agglutinin (PNA)-coated plates. The cells in these lymphoblast rich fractions were clearly distinct from the majority of thymocytes, with up to 70 percent in the S or G(2) + M phases of the cell cycle and an average rate of [(35)S]methionine incorporation per cell up to 20 times higher than that of the majority population. The populations of cells resolved in this fractionation were characterized by monitoring their rates of synthesis of specific glycoproteins, thymus- leukemia antigen (TL) and the Lyt-2, Lyt-3 complex (Lyt-2/3), relative to their total protein synthesis. Cells that bound to PNA synthesized high levels of Lyt-2/3, consistent with their identification as cortical thymocytes. Those that failed to bind made little or no Lyt-2/3, as expected for medullary cells, The fraction of dividing lymphoblasts that bound to PNA was enriched in cortical thymocyte precursors, including all the large cells detectably active in synthesizing Lyt-2. It differed sharply from the small cortical cells, however, in the synthesis of TL. Although both populations displayed abundant surface TL, the TL glycoprotein was produced actively in fractions containing dividing cells but made at a drastically reduced rate by the nondividing majority of cortical thymocytes. Thus, TL seems to be made at a narrowly circumscribed stage of early thymocyte development that is correlated with rapid proliferation. In most of the descendants of such blast cells, the TL glycoprotein is presumably retained on the cell surface as long as no substantial membrane turnover takes place. Ongoing TL synthesis may therefore serve as a marker for a unique developmental state which terminates rapidly in normal differentiation but may be extended by agents that give rise to TL(+) thymic lymphomas. PMID- 6976413 TI - Monoclonal anti-IgG autoantibodies derived from lipopolysaccharide-activated spleen cells of 129/Sv mice. AB - In some colonies, 129/Sv mice produce, upon aging, a rheumatoid factor (RF) that is specific for mouse IgG2a but fails to react with IgG2a of the b allotype. It is not known whether this narrow specificity is due to the absence of other RF specificities in the repertoire of these mice or to the selective activation of the production of anti-IgG2a autoantibodies by a specific stimulus. To analyze the RF repertoire of 129/Sv mice, we have derived hybridomas from their spleen cells 3 d after an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. We have obtained 68 hybridomas secreting a monoclonal IgM with RF activity. This represents approximately 3 percent of the total number of hybridomas generated in four hybridizations. In addition, one monoclonal IgA RF was derived from unstimulated 129/Sv spleen cells. The specificities of these monoclonal RF were examined by testing their ability to bind to a panel of homologous and heterologous IgG preparations. The majority of the IgM RF reacted exclusively with a single mouse IgG subclass: 58 with IgG1, and 1 with IgG2a. Eight bound preferentially to IgG1 but cross-reacted to some extent with IgG2a and one was specific for a determinant shared by IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3. The IgA RF derived from unstimulated spleen cells was primarily directed against IgG2a but cross- reacted somewhat with IgG2b. Identical results were obtained with two different monoclonal IgG1 and IgG2a proteins of the a allotype. No allotypic specificity was found for the anti-IgG1 RF, which all reacted well with IgG1 of the b allotype. In contrast, the IgM anti-IgG2a antibody exhibited such allotypic specificity because it failed to react with IgG2a of the b allotype. When tested on heterologous IgG preparations, all anti-IgG1 RF reacted better with rat IgG1, rat IgG2c, bovine IgG2, goat IgG2, and rabbit IgG than with mouse IgG1, demonstrating a particular homology between these Ig. On the basis of additional cross-reactions with other IgG, including rat IgG2a, rat IgG2b, bovine IgG1, goat IgG1, human IgG, and chicken IgG, seven different anti-IgG1 clonotypes could be identified. However, despite their heterogeneity, nearly all antigenic determinants recognized by anti-IgG 1 RF appeared to be located in the hinge region of the molecule. Total lack of binding to IgG1 Fab fragments was indeed observed, and only one antibody reacted with IgG1 Fc fragments. Unlike the anti IgG1 RF, the IgM and the IgA anti-IgG2a antibodies did not cross-react with any heterologous IgG of the same panel. Altogether, t 1 different RF clonotypes could be distinguished on the basis of their fine specificity. The anti-IgG2a specificity of the RF spontaneously produced by 129/ Sv mice is thus not due to the absence of other RF specificities in the repertoire of these mice. PMID- 6976414 TI - In vitro effects of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide on human immunoregulatory T subset function. I. Selective effects on lymphocyte function in T-B cell collaboration. AB - The alkylating agent cyclophosphamide may suppress or enhance immune responses in vivo but is inactive in vitro unless metabolized by microsomal enzyme activation. 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) is a synthetic compound that is spontaneously converted in aqueous solution to the active metabolites. In this report, we examined the in vitro sensitivity of functional human T cell subsets to 4-HC in a polyclonal B cell differentiation assay and in the generation of mitogen-induced suppressor cells for effector B cell function. Con A-induced T suppression of B cell differentiation is completely abrogated by a 1-h pretreatment of T cells at very low concentrations of between 10(-2) and 20 nmol/ml, whereas inducer T cell function is sensitive only to concentrations in greater than 40 nmol/ml. The effects of 4-HC on suppressor T cells appear to occur at concentrations that do not result in DNA cross-linking or decreased blastogenesis. Con A-induced T suppressors are generated from within the OKT4+, OKT8- subset and are sensitive to low-dose 4-HC only before activation, whereas differentiated suppressor cells are resistant to concentrations in greater than 80 nmol/ml. Low-dose 4-HC pretreatment of the B cell population results in abrogation of immunoglobulin secretion when treated B cells are cocultured with unfractionated T cells, however, this effect is completely reversible if pretreated B cells are cocultured with T cells devoid of suppressor activity. These results demonstrate that human presuppressor cells for B-effector function differentiate in response to Con A from the OKT4+, OKT8- subset and are exquisitely sensitive to low concentrations of CYP whereas mature suppressor and inducer functions are resistant to all but very high concentrations in vitro. The differential sensitivity of functional T and B cell subsets to 4-HC in vitro can be a very useful probe in dissecting immunoregulatory interactions with man. PMID- 6976415 TI - During lymphatic regeneration, precursors for major histocompatibility complex restricted cytotoxic T cells appear before alloreactive precursors. AB - Mice were injected with a sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) (300 mg/kg), and the appearance of the capacity of the regenerating spleen to form cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in response against 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl-coupled syngeneic cells or against allogeneic cells was followed. It was found that 8 da after Cy injection, the spleen contained cells that could give rise to CTL, but only 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl-specific CTL responses could be obtained at this stage. A low alloresponse was first seen 2 wk after Cy injection. PMID- 6976416 TI - Human monoclonal anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin antibody-secreting hybridoma produced from peripheral blood B lymphocytes of a keyhole limpet hemocyanin immune individual. AB - A human IgMk monoclonal antibody, 2F7, of predetermined specificity, has been produced by the fusion of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with the nonsecreting mouse myeloma line SP-1. The heterohybridoma has remained stable for over 8 mo, with culture supernatants containing up to 30 micrograms/ml of specific IgM. The antibody has been shown to be capable of inducing a blastogenic response in the absence of antigen in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal subjects immune to the antigen. The ability to choose an antigen, immunize a human subject to that antigen, and then use the peripheral blood lymphocytes from that subject to produce antigen-specific human monoclonal antibodies should be of great value in a wide variety of investigative, diagnostic, and therapeutic endeavors.U PMID- 6976418 TI - Pediatric neuroradiological techniques. PMID- 6976417 TI - Tthyd, a new thymocyte alloantigen linked to Igh-1. Implications for a switch mechanism for T cell antigen receptors. AB - Tthyd is an alloantigen coded for by a gene(s) near the immunoglobulin locus on chromosome 12 in the mouse. This T cell-specific antigen may be the third member of a family of antigen receptors on T cells encoded by a cluster of genes in the IgT-C region. This antigen is preferentially expressed on thymocytes in contrast to Tindd or Tsud that are expressed on peripheral T cells. The hypothesis that T cell receptors undergo a switch in surface isotype upon maturation is discussed. PMID- 6976419 TI - Evaluation of periventricular hypodensity in experimental hydrocephalus by metrizamide CT ventriculography. AB - Hydrocephalus was induced in 13 dogs by injecting kaolin into the cisterna magna and was evaluated by computerized tomography (CT) scans. Modification of periventricular hypodensity was observed by metrizamide-enhanced CT ventriculography. Periventricular hypodensity was seen as early as 12 hours after kaolin injection. On CT ventriculography, metrizamide stayed longer in the ventricles of hydrocephalic dogs than in those of normal dogs, and migrated into the areas of periventricular hypodensity; the changes became significant within 12 to 24 hours. Four of the dogs were killed immediately after CT ventriculography, and the iodine concentration was measured. Iodine concentration was highest in the periventricular white matter, followed by the basal ganglia, and it was low in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex. When the change in Hounsfield units found by CT ventriculography at the regions of interest was compared to the actual iodine concentrations, the figures were quite compatible. Similarly, the specific gravity was measured in tissue from various parts of the brain of two hydrocephalic dogs, and compared against the value of that from five normal dogs. The specific gravity values were particularly low in the periventricular white matter of the hydrocephalic brains, suggesting a higher water content in that region. Since the increased migration of metrizamide occurred at the same region, it is suggested that development of periventricular hypodensity is due to increased transit of cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles to the white matter. PMID- 6976423 TI - Specification of performance of positron emission tomography scanners. PMID- 6976422 TI - Perspectives in nuclear medicine: pulmonary studies. PMID- 6976420 TI - Production of L-[1-11C]valine by HPLC resolution. AB - Based on a recently developed analytical technique, preparative high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) resolution of DL-[1-11C]valine has been achieved. A conventional reverse-phase HPLC column and a chiral mobile phase (aqueous solution of L-proline, cupric acetate, and sodium acetate) were used. The copper can be removed from the L-valine fraction by precipitation as the sulfide, and final purification by cation-exchange chromatography yields L-[1-11C]valine in a form that is acceptable for clinical positron tomographic studies. This purification method does not remove the L-proline introduced in the resolution process, but added L-proline did not affect the tissue distribution of L-[1 14C]valine in rats. We have produced up to 60 mCi of L-[1-11C]valine in an overall synthesis and resolution time of 50 min. This procedure should be adaptable to the rapid resolution of other C-11-labeled amino acid racemates. PMID- 6976421 TI - Performance of the rotating slant-hole collimator for the detection of myocardial perfusion abnormalities. AB - To determine the usefulness of the rotating slant-hole (RSH) collimator, a new imaging device for tomographic myocardial imaging, we evaluated its performance in phantom studies. Perfusion defects of variable size, location, and tracer concentration were simulated and imaging was performed with a conventional parallel-hole collimator and the RSH collimator. Planar and depth resolutions assessed with a line source compared favorably with those reported previously for the seven-pinhole collimator. The results also showed RSH tomography to be more sensitive than planar imaging in detecting simulated myocardial defects but indicated some limitations, especially the occurrence of artifactual defects that may reduce the specificity of the imaging device for the detection of perfusion abnormalities. PMID- 6976424 TI - [Effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, tolmetin sodium on arthritic pain, traumatic edema and LPS-induced fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976425 TI - Effect of muscle length on energy balance in frog skeletal muscle. AB - 1. Measurements were made of the extents of ATP splitting and the creatine kinase reaction and the heat + work (h+w) produced during 5s isometric tetani of frog semitendinosus muscle at 0 degrees C. A comparison was made of tetani at two different muscle lengths. These lengths were l0 (sarcomere length 2.3 micrometers before stimulation), which is near the optimum for interaction of actin and myosin, and lmax (sarcomere length 3.8 micrometers) at which actin-myosin interaction is largely prevented. 2. As in earlier studies of muscle at l0, the observed h+w was significantly greater than the amount explained by the energy from ATP splitting and the creatine kinase reaction. Our main new finding is that a significant amount of unexplained energy is also produced at lmax where there is a negligible amount of actin-myosin interaction. This suggests that the unexplained energy cannot be due solely to actin-myosin interaction. 3. On average less unexplained energy is produced at lmax than at l0. Thus it seems likely that the process (or one of the processes) producing this energy is dependent on muscle length. 4. The observed h+w was divided on the basis of its time course into the two parts, labile and stable, which were defined by Aubert (1956). The labile part of the h+w has an exponentially declining rate, and the stable part has a constant rate. The production of labile h+w influenced by muscle length in two ways: the total amount and the rate of its production are significantly smaller at lmax than at l0. 5. At both lengths the labile h+w is equal, within experimental error, to the unexplained h+w. PMID- 6976427 TI - Primary afferent depolarization in the in vitro frog olfactory bulb. AB - 1. Experiments on the frog olfactory bulb have been performed in vitro in order to determine whether primary afferent transmission is modified by presynaptic inhibition.2. Stimulation of the olfactory nerve resulted in a prolonged depolarization of the olfactory nerve as recorded across a sucrose gap. Unstimulated olfactory nerve fibres adjacent to the stimulated fibres were also depolarized.3. An excitability increase of the olfactory nerve terminals was found that lasted the entire duration of the olfactory nerve depolarization, indicating that the terminals themselves were depolarized. Both the olfactory nerve depolarization and the excitability increase were blocked by cobalt and manganese ions.4. Low concentrations of glutamate were found to produce a substantial depolarization of the olfactory nerve. Although gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) also elicited a depolarization of the olfactory nerve, picrotoxin, a GABA antagonist, did not reduce the stimulus-evoked olfactory nerve depolarization.5. Recording with potassium-sensitive electrodes in the olfactory nerve terminal region demonstrated an increase in extracellular potassium with the same rise time and duration as the olfactory nerve depolarization. Cobalt and manganese blocked the potassium increase and the olfactory nerve depolarization without affecting the presynaptic action potential.6. The focally recorded extracellular current resulting from orthodromic synaptic excitation of the secondary olfactory relay neurones was blocked at short intervals by paired stimulation and decreased for the duration of the olfactory nerve depolarization. This suggests a decreased release of transmitter from the olfactory nerve terminals.7. The possible role of potassium and/or a neurotransmitter in generating the olfactory nerve depolarization and inhibition is discussed. PMID- 6976426 TI - Calcium transients in normal and denervated slow muscle fibres of the frog. AB - 1. Intracellular changes in free Ca2+ concentration were recorded from slow muscle fibres in the pyriformis muscle of Rana temporaria, using the dye arsenazo III. Fibres were voltage clamped, and arsenazo signals were recorded in response to depolarizing pulses. 2. The size of the arsenazo response to depolarizing pulses of 100 msec duration was a sigmoid function of membrane potential over the range -45 to 0 mV, and remained constant with further depolarizations up to +100 mV. 3. The peak size of the arsenazo signal to supramaximal depolarizations increased with increasing pulse length. The initial rising phase during a pulse was much slower than in twitch fibres, and this phase was followed by an even slower rise. Following short pulses the decay of the response was exponential, with a time constant of about 1.4 sec, while after long pulses the decline became much slower. 4. Decreasing free Ca2+ concentration in the bathing medium to very low levels, using EGTA , did not affect the responses to short (100 msec) depolarizations. 5. Slow fibres bathed in Ringer's solution containing 12 mM-Ca2+ showed a well maintained arsenazo response to supramaximal depolarizations lasting over 1 min. Reduction of external Ca2+ to 1.8 and (nominally) 0 mM caused the response to become progressively more transient. 6. After denervation, slow fibres developed action potentials, but non of the parameters of the arsenazo response was significantly changed. During the early phase of reinnervation by a mixed nerve, when fast conduction axons begin to innervate slow fibres, the ability to give a maintained response during long depolarizations was reduced. 7. It is concluded that intracellular Ca2+ transients in slow muscle fibres are probably generated by a similar mechanism as in twitch fibres and entry of external Ca2+ is not an appreciable factor. The slow time course of the transients may be important in determining the time courses of tension development and relaxation. PMID- 6976428 TI - Receptive fields of frog retinal ganglion cells: response formation and light dark-adaptation. AB - 1. The excitatory and inhibitory receptive field mechanisms of retinal ganglion cells were studied by extracellular recording from the eyecup of Rana temporaria in order to elucidate the nature of adaptational changes in the functioning of the receptive field. 2. The responses to large stimuli were always strongly depressed relative to responses evoked by smaller spots. This was true even in the fully dark-adapted state and at the very lowest stimuli intensities. 3. Threshold measurements confirmed earlier findings, usually revealing the surround only in light-adapted states. However, in more than 10% of fully dark-adapted cells thresholds to large stimuli were significantly elevated. 4. The central summation area of the receptive field was found to shrink with light-adaptation. There was a gradual decrease in diameters, amounting to some 20-30%, from the dark-adapted, rod-determined receptive fields to the cone-determined ones. 5. Adaptation by bleaching and adaptation by backgrounds changed the effects of the surround in different ways. After a rhodopsin bleach the transition from a light adapted to a dark-adapted situation was seen as an abrupt drop of large-stimulus thresholds at some time during adaptation. Steady backgrounds produced no such dramatic changes, but the increment threshold lines were somewhat steeper with test spots stimulated the surround than with smaller spots. 6. Although the discharge patterns generally show the strength of the surround influence, they underwent no qualitative change at the time of the drop of large-stimulus thresholds after a bleach. 7. It is suggested that the drop does not reflect a sudden reorganization of the receptive field, but is the consequence of the different ways the response to large stimuli are formed in different ranges of stimulus intensity (pre-inhibitory at high intensities, post-inhibitory at low intensities), and of gradual changes in signal dynamics. PMID- 6976429 TI - Variation of muscle stiffness with tension during tension transients and constant velocity shortening in the frog. AB - 1. The length changes of a central segment of a frog muscle fibre were measured during and after a quick shortening was applied to the end of the fibre, by attaching two markers an using a spot follower apparatus. In this way it was shown that the stiffness of tetanized single frog fibres as mounted in our apparatus was located predominantly in the sarcomeres, and that the ends were comparatively stiff. 2. The stiffness of tetanized frog single fibres at 0 degrees was measured by applying a small 4 kHz sinusoidal length change, and measuring the resultant tension change. This was done during the first few milliseconds after a quick release, and while the fibre was shortening at constant velocity. 3. The stiffness during the fast tension transient after a quick release was always less than the stiffness before release, supporting the idea that the fast recovery is not due to attachment of extra cross-bridges. 4. The stiffness during the steady shortening was always less than when isometric. A line fitted to this stiffness-tension plot, when extended, intercepted the stiffness axis at less than half the isometric value. 5. The slope of the stiffness-force plot during the fast tension transient was consistently and significantly less than the slope of the stiffness-force plot during steady shortening, further supporting the conclusion that only a small part of the decrease seen during shortening could be due to non-linear end compliance. 6. Possible ways of reconciling these results with recent reports of X-ray diffraction suggesting little if any change in the position of myosin heads during steady shortening are discussed. PMID- 6976431 TI - Determination with high resistance micropipettes of acetylcholine sensitivity in frog slow muscle fibres. AB - 1. Acetylcholine (ACh) sensitivity was determined in slow muscle fibres of Rana temporaria by ionophoretic application of ACh from high resistance micropipettes. 2. The amplitude of ACh responses decreased with the third power of the distance between fibre surface and tip of the pipette; latency and time-to-peak of ACh responses increased with the second power of the distance. 3. ACh sensitivity values obtained by application of ACh at short distance (approx. 10 micrometers) were generally of the order of 150 mV/nC, but larger values (greater than 1000 mV/nC) pipette the ACh response was often completely lost or markedly reduced in amplitude. The latency of ACh responses was generally longer, but occasionally as short as observed in twitch fibres; time-to-peak and rate of decay were always longer than in twitch fibres. 4. It is concluded that ACh sensitive membrane areas in slow muscle fibres are generally of small diameter. There sensitivity is, however, similar to that of junctional areas in twitch muscle fibres. PMID- 6976430 TI - Tension, stiffness, unloaded shortening speed and potentiation of frog muscle fibres at sarcomere lengths below optimum. AB - 1. Unloaded shortening velocity, stiffness, and the effects of potentiators were studied to understand the basis for the shallow ascending limb (1.65-2.0 micrometers sarcomere length) of the sarcomere length-tension diagram of from single fibres. 2. The velocity of externally unloaded shortening was found to be constant over most of the range. It is therefore unlikely that this part of the sarcomere length-tension diagram results from an internal force opposing shortening. 3. Stiffness was found not to vary in proportion with tension between sarcomere lengths 1.65 and 2.0 micrometers, nor to be constant between 2.0 and 2.2 micrometers, where tension is constant. By assuming a small filament compliance, the observations could be adequately modelled on the hypothesis that the variation in tension in the range of sarcomere lengths 1.65-20 micrometers was caused by variations in the number of attached cross-bridges. 4. The twitch potentiators Zn2+, tetraethylammonium (TEA), nitrate and caffeine were found not to change the shape of the sarcomere length-tension diagram. Potentiation in a tetanus was less than 3% in all experiments. 5. Contractures induced by raised [K+] in the bathing solution were found to produce more tension than a tetanus beyond optimum length, insignificantly different tension near optimum length, and less tension at sarcomere lengths near 1.7 micrometer. An explanation is proposed for these results in terms of inhomogeneous activation and internal motion. 6. It is concluded that there is no evidence from this work that a tetanized fibre is other than maximally activated over the range of sarcomere lengths spanned by the shallow ascending limb. PMID- 6976432 TI - Inward rectification in frog skeletal muscle fibres and its dependence on membrane potential and external potassium. AB - 1. Experiments were carried out using a voltage-clamp technique to investigate the dependence of inward rectification on membrane potential and on the equilibrium potential for K+, changed either by changing [K]o or changing [K]i. 2. The relationship between gK, the potassium chord conductance, and membrane potential depended on membrane potential and [K]o, but not on [K]i. 3. Under hyperpolarization, K currents increased with time, but instantaneous current voltage relations also showed inward rectification. The time constants for activation fell with hyperpolarization, e -fold for an 18 mV change in membrane potential. 4. The time constants for activation depended on [K]o but not on [K]i. 5. Under depolarization, the activation of K currents was partly reversed, but between activation and membrane potential, determined from two-pulse experiments, also appeared to depend on [K]o but not on [K]i. 5. Under depolarization, the activation of K currents was partly reversed, but between activation and membrane potential, determined from two-pulse experiments, also appeared to depend on [K]o but not on [K]i. 6. The rate of activation of K currents under hyperpolarization had a Q10 of 2.64 +/- 0.08 (n = 5). Currents, measured per unit length, increased with temperature, with a Q10 of 1.66 +/- 0.11 (n = 5). PMID- 6976433 TI - Effects of local anaesthetics on the relationship between charge movements and contractile thresholds in frog skeletal muscle. AB - 1. Charge movements to 10 mV steps at different potentials were studied in voltage-clamped frog skeletal muscle fibres in isotonic solutions that minimized ionic currents, under different pharmacological conditions. The earliest onset of detectable mechanical movement ('threshold') was assessed visually under magnification. 2. Charge movements in isotonic solutions were similar to those reported in hypertonic solutions, under identical pulse procedures. 3. In the absence of local anaesthetics, threshold occurred at a mean membrane potential of -55 mV, after the movement of 4.0 nC/muF of non-linear charge and when the membrane capacitance approximated values that corresponded to the onset of the 'Qgamma' charge movement component. 4. Lidocaine shifted the threshold in the hyperpolarizing direction to -62 mV, and reduced the amount of non-linear charge needed to reach threshold to 1.4 nC/muF. 5. The presence of tetracaine shifted threshold in the depolarizing direction to -39 mV, and more than doubled the amount of non-linear charge that had to move to reach threshold to 10.8 nC/muF. Much of this increase was attributed to the Qgamma component of charge movement. 6. It is concluded that more non-linear charge is required to initiate mechanical movement when calcium release by sarcoplasmic reticulum is inhibited by tetracaine, whereas less charge is so required when calcium re-uptake is being inhibited by lidocaine. Assuming earlier interpretations of the strength duration curve, this is consistent with charge movement preceding, rather than being a consequence of calcium release. PMID- 6976434 TI - Tension responses of chemically skinned fibre bundles of the guinea-pig taenia caeci under varied ionic environments. AB - 1. Thin fibre bundles (about 100 mum in width and 1.5 mm in length) were dissected from taenia caeci of the guinea-pig, and were mounted in an apparatus to record isometric tension mainly at 25 degrees C.2. Fibre bundles were chemically skinned by treating with 50 mug saponin/ml. for 20 min in a relaxing solution. Upon application of an activating solution containing 80 mum-Ca(2+) the fibre bundles rapidly developed a tension which was comparable in magnitude to that elicited with 10 mum-carbachol before the saponin treatment.3. It was confirmed that skinned fibre bundles develop active tension slowly in the virtual absence of Ca(2+) when Mg(2+) concentration was raised above 2 mm in the presence of MgATP. However, this tension was not developed in the presence of an ATP regenerating system.4. Maximum Ca(2+) activated tension and Ca sensitivity of skinned smooth muscle fibre bundles were examined using solutions in which pH, ionic strength, and the concentrations of Mg(2+) and MgATP(2-) were varied around supposedly physiological values. An ATP regenerating system was used when necessary.5. Maximum Ca(2+) activated tension changed only slightly with alteration in ionic strength (0.15-0.3 m). It decreased by 40% with increase in pH from 6.4 to 7.2, and decreased by 10-30% when Mg(2+) concentration was either lowered to 0.2 mm or raised to 2 and 10 mm from 1 mm. The tension increased by about 10-20% as MgATP(2-) concentration was raised from 0.4 to 4 or 8 mm.6. Changes in pH, ionic strength, and MgATP(2-) concentration in the above range had no important effects on the relative isometric tension-pCa relation. Decrease of Mg(2+) concentration from 1 to 0.2 mm had little effect, but increase to 2 and 10 mm shifted the curve some 0.2 and 0.6 pCa units, respectively, toward a lower pCa. There was not large difference between the relative isometric tension-pCa relation at 25 degrees C and that at 38 degrees C.7. The Ca(2+) concentration in the smooth muscle cell of taenia during physiological contraction can be estimated from the results obtained and the values for the relevant in vivo ionic constituents given in the literature; the lowest Ca(2+) concentration for detectable tension development is between 0.2 and 0.5 mum, and tension tends to level off above 10 mum-Ca(2+). PMID- 6976437 TI - Problem Orientated Medical Recording of patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 6976435 TI - Extracellular potassium accumulation in the frog spinal cord induced by stimulation of the skin and ventrolateral columns. AB - 1. Changes in extracellular K(+) concentration (Delta[K](e)), dorsal root potentials (DRPs) and single unit activity were studied in the frog spinal cord in response to stimulation of the skin of the hindlimb by touch, pressure, hot water (heat), single electrical pulses and to stimulation of the ventrolateral columns (LC).2. Single electrical pulses, various types of adequate stimulation applied to the skin of the hind limb for 1-2 s as well as single volleys of LC led to a Delta[K](e) of up to 0.2 mmol.l(-1). Stimuli which evoked larger Delta[K](e) also produced larger DRPs in the same frog preparation.3. The briefest heat stimuli, which lasted about 1-2 s, led to more prolonged activity in dorsal horn interneurones than did a single volley or a single tactile stimulus and the Delta[K](e) were longer and larger and had a slower rise time.4. The ;slow' second component of dorsal root depolarization (presumably mediated by K(+)) was observed after electrical and heat stimulation of the skin on the hind limb corresponding to the time course of Delta[K](e).5. The maximum Delta[K](e) induced by nociceptive stimulation occurred in the grey matter of the dorsal horn at a depth of 300-600 mum from the dorsal surface. The maximum response to single stimuli applied to the skin occurred at a depth of 400-800 mum, while that evoked by LC stimulation in the ventral horn at a depth of 1000-1400 mum.6. Repetitive and more prolonged nociceptive stimulation (5-20 s) produced a Delta[K](e) of up to 1 mmol.l(-1). The Delta[K](e) in response to repetitive tactile stimulation does not exceed 0.2 mmol.l(-1). Repetitive stimulation (100 Hz) of LC fibres led to an increase in [K](e) of up to 9-10 mmol.l(-1) in the ventral horn; this level was similar to that achieved in the intermediate region by electrical repetitive stimulation of the skin (100 Hz). Tetanic stimulation of the ventral root led to a Delta[K](e) of only about 0.05 mmol.l(-1) at a depth of 500-700 mum and no measurable Delta[K](e) within the ventral horn.7. Spontaneous Delta[K](e) associated with spontaneous DRPs and VRPs were observed during the decay phase of Delta[K](e) at various intervals from several seconds to one minute after nociceptive or electrical stimulation of the skin, suggesting the occurrence of a longlasting increase in excitability.8. The depolarization of dorsal root fibres evoked by nociceptive stimulation, tetanic stimulation of the LC and single or tetanic stimulation of the skin was followed by a dorsal root hyperpolarization. Its size, as well as that of Delta[K](e), was dependent on the frequency and duration of stimulation and its time course correlated with the dissipation of Delta[K](e) when stimulation was discontinued.9. It is suggested that the extracellular K(+) accumulation could, under physiological conditions, contribute to the modulation of spinal cord transmission, acting both pre-and post synaptically. Low levels of increased [K](e) were associated with facilitation of impulse transmission while higher increases could result in its inhibition. PMID- 6976436 TI - Vitamin D and hyperparathyroidism: the Lumleian Lecture 1981. AB - Vitamin D appears to influence parathyroid function indirectly through its effects on calcium metabolism rather than by a direct action of its metabolites on the parathyroid glands. In states of both secondary and primary hyperparathyroidism, the quantitative production of 1,25-(OH)2D may be determined by the prevailing concentration of serum 25-(OH)D but there appears to be some constraint that limits the formation of 1,25-0(OH)2D when the provision of its precursor exceeds the physiological. From the absence of this constraint in 'type 2 vitamin D dependency' it is inferred that it may operate through 'self inhibition' of the renal production of 1,25-(OH)2D. It is shown that the level of serum 25-(OH)D may always exert some influence on the production of 1,25-(OH)2D and that this effect is facilitated by hyperparathyroidism. In developing vitamin D deficiency the reactive secondary hyperparathyroidism may thus function as an adaptive mechanism that sustains the level of serum 1,25-(OH)2D in the face of a diminishing serum 25-(OH)D. Failure of this adaptation and the development of a critical deficiency of 1,25-(OH)2D is regarded as the direct cause of defective mineralisation of bone. This concept would explain the absence of osteomalacia in some patients with very low levels of serum 25-(OH)D and the occurrence of defective osseous mineralisation in hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 6976438 TI - Sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices using the fibreoptic endoscope. PMID- 6976439 TI - A case of typhoid fever complicated by a severe bleeding syndrome due to deficiency of the prothrombin group of coagulation factors. PMID- 6976440 TI - Rapid membrane changes in mouse epithelial cells after exposure to epidermal growth factor. PMID- 6976443 TI - Reversible ischemic colitis after intravenous vasopressin therapy. PMID- 6976444 TI - Fatal rectal bleeding due to tuberculosis of the cecum. PMID- 6976442 TI - Delay in conception for former 'pill' users. AB - Interview data from 3,214 married women having planned pregnancies and singleton deliveries who had no history of fertility treatment and who conceived more than two weeks after cessation of contraception were analyzed. The interval from cessation of contraception to conception was 13 months or greater for 24.8% of prior "pill" users vs 10.6% for former users of all other methods. As compared with former users of other methods, pill users had a notably lower monthly percentage of conceptions for the first three months and somewhat lower percentage from four to ten months. Results were not altered when potential confounding variables were controlled by logistic regression. At least 15 months of unsuccessful trials might be a more appropriate working definition of infertility for previous pill users rather than the 12-month interval generally accepted for this purpose. PMID- 6976441 TI - Bacteremic epididymo-orchitis due to hemophilus influenzae type B. PMID- 6976445 TI - Pharmacology of portal hypertension: old problems and new ideas. PMID- 6976446 TI - Time limit for early coronary artery revascularization. Restoration of contractility in reperfused myocardium in dogs. AB - The present study was undertaken to establish the time limit until the beginning of reperfusion that would permit restoration of contractility in acute myocardial infarction, and to confirm the delayed recovery of dyskinesis in ischemic area followed by reperfusion. Studies were carried out in 31 dogs of which 29 had temporary (20 min to 5 hours) occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery with short or long term reperfusion, and 2 had permanent occlusion. Dyskinesis was detected with tension curve obtained using a strain gauge arch. In the short term reperfusion study, dyskinesis disappeared if reperfusion was begun within 20 min of ischemia. However, dyskinesis remained after one hour of reperfusion, if reperfusion was done after 40 min of ischemia. Reperfusion for 10 days after 3 and 4 hours of occlusion resulted in recovery of regional myocardial contractility. However in 2 of 5 animals with 5 hours of coronary occlusion, the reperfused area remained dyskinetic even after 10 days of reperfusion. It is concluded that revascularization of myocardium that had been kept ischemic for less than 4 hours may lead to disappearance of dyskinesis. These findings also indicate that early coronary revascularization doses not always provide an immediate recovery of dyskinesis of the revascularized area. PMID- 6976448 TI - Asynchronous relaxation of the ischemic left ventricle. AB - The etiology and clinical significance of asynchronous relaxation of the left ventricle during isovolumic relaxation period was studied. Fifty patient with angina pectoris, 50 with myocardial infarction, 40 with normal heart, 20 with mitral stenosis and 10 with mitral prolapse syndrome were investigated. Asynchronous relaxation was observed in the following order: 72% in angina pectoris, 46% in myocardial infarction, 30% in mitral valve prolapse and 10% in both pure mitral stenosis and normal heart. In left anterior descending coronary artery disease, asynchronous relaxation was observed in 80%. Asynchronous relaxation seen before aortocoronary bypass graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery either disappeared or decreased after surgery. The contractility of the site, where asynchronous relaxation was seen, was normal in most cases and akinetic in none. The results of this study suggest the possibilities that asynchronous relaxation is at least partially related to localized myocardial ischemia and that it may be an early phenomenon of the effect of myocardial ischemia. With regard to asynchronous relaxation and hemodynamic alterations, force-velocity lissajous was analysed. Distortion of the lissajous in relaxation phase was seen in 73% who showed asynchrony. This distortion can be interpreted as indication of ununiformity of the left ventricular relaxation. PMID- 6976447 TI - Experimental myocarditis. II. Cardiac lesions in rats induced by immunization with heterologous heart extracts. AB - The production of myocardial lesions and circulating anti-heart antibodies has been studied in the present experiment. Twenty-one of Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: 9 rats immunized with heterologous heart extracts, Freund's complete adjuvant and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine, 8 rats injected phosphate buffered saline adjuvant mixture with DTP vaccine and 4 rats untreated as control. Injection of heterologous heart extracts emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant and DTP vaccine developed focal myocardial lesions in all of the subjected rats. The lesions were characterized by focal and diffuse interstitial cellular infiltration with myocardial necrosis. The circulating antibodies reacted to rat heart extracts were detected in 77.8% of the subjects. The antigen, reacted with the antibodies, located intracellular spaces in myocardium. The severity of cardiac lesions were not functional to the titer of circulating anti-heart antibodies may play little role in the pathogenesis of myocardial damage at least in this experimental myocarditis. PMID- 6976449 TI - [Lymphocytes--introduction to the morphological studies]. PMID- 6976450 TI - [Mixed rosette formation (Tgamma, Tmu, TIa)]. PMID- 6976451 TI - [Detection of surface marker of lymphocytes by anti-T, anti-B antibodies]. PMID- 6976452 TI - [Separation and isolation of T, B-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6976454 TI - [Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976453 TI - [So-called mixed type pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976455 TI - [Unscheduled DNA synthesis in involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin after ultraviolet irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976459 TI - [Contact urticaria to cobalt chloride - comparison of urticarial response between open patch test and scratch test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976458 TI - [Antimycotic susceptibility testing with a microplate-comparative studies with sabouraud broth and nutrient broth (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976457 TI - [Immunofluorescence studies on Clq in the mast cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976456 TI - [Sequential study of immunopathological findings of skin in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976460 TI - [A case of unilateral keratosis follicularis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976461 TI - [A case of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976462 TI - [Localized scleroderma and PSS specific anti-Og antibody (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976463 TI - Human T and B lymphocyte migration under agarose: differences in the characteristics of migrating cells and migration patterns. AB - The morphologic and migration characteristics of separated human peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes were evaluated by means of an agarose plate technique. The motile T cells migrated in a tightly packed and regularly arranged monolayer, while the B cell monolayer appeared much more disorganized with the cells forming a loose spongy network. Fixed and stained preparations following 2-3 days of incubation showed that the T cells maintained mature lymphocyte features throughout the period of migration. Although many of the B cells were indistinguishable from the T cells, many were irregular in size and shape with monocytic characteristics. It is suggested that the differences in T and B cell in vitro migration patterns may reflect fundamental differences in the mechanisms of locomotion for these cells. PMID- 6976464 TI - [Complications of inflammatory bowel disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976465 TI - [Lymphocyte cytotoxicity against HBsAG-coated hepatocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis. I. Significance of T-cell medicated cytotoxicity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976466 TI - [A case of primary B-cell origin lymphoma of the stomach seen during diphenylhydantoin therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976468 TI - [Introduction of POS at the Kawasaki Medical University Hospital]. PMID- 6976467 TI - [POS and its understanding by nurses in charge of primary care]. PMID- 6976470 TI - [Computer and POS matrix]. PMID- 6976471 TI - [POS at a university hospital: an example at Shiga Medical College]. PMID- 6976469 TI - [Introduction of POMR to basic nursing education]. PMID- 6976472 TI - [POS promotion at university hospitals. Introduction of the system]. PMID- 6976474 TI - [POS training and practice among nurses: an example at the Kawasaki Medical University Hospital]. PMID- 6976473 TI - [POS promotion among practicing physicians: an example at Shiga Prefecture Medical Association]. PMID- 6976477 TI - [Promotion and application of POS. Problem list and data base]. PMID- 6976475 TI - [POS at a psychiatric department]. PMID- 6976476 TI - [POS in regional health care]. PMID- 6976478 TI - [Promotion and application of POS. The initial plan]. PMID- 6976479 TI - [Promotion and application of POS. Flow sheet discharge summary]. PMID- 6976480 TI - [Promotion and application of POS. Audit]. PMID- 6976481 TI - [Transition from DOS (disease oriented system) to POS]. PMID- 6976483 TI - [Causes of visual acuity impairment in children in the Warsaw elementary school for amblyopic children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976482 TI - [Method of preparing patients for pancreatic echography]. PMID- 6976484 TI - [Ultrasonography in eye injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976485 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in acute renal insufficiency and hemodialysis]. PMID- 6976486 TI - The effect of ATP-MgCl2 and dipyridamole pretreatment in renal preservation. PMID- 6976487 TI - Enumeration of lymphocytes and their subpopulations identified by bacterial adherence in blood smears of patients with breast tumors. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts were determined in 57 breast clinic patients. These patients were grouped into four clinical/pathological groups: 18 had benign breast disease, 13 had a history of breast cancer but were free of disease at the time of the study, 7 had a history of breast cancer and were free of disease at the time of the study but were on adjuvant chemotherapy, and 19 had active metastatic breast cancer. Two parameters were investigated in a double blind study: 1) the absolute lymphocyte counts and 2) the percentages of lymphocytes that bound different bacteria as markers of lymphocyte subpopulations in conventionally stained blood smears. A significant reduction in mean lymphocyte counts was demonstrated in patients with advanced disease. A significant increase in these counts was found in patients who were free of disease following surgical treatment alone. The T1T2 cells (our denomination), the subpopulation of cells responsible for specific killing in vitro and for suppression of natural cytotoxic cells, was significantly reduced in patients with advanced disease under treatment. The T/B cell ratio in all groups was the same and within normal range. These observations suggest that the observed decrease in the total lymphocytes is due not only to an overall decrease in all classes of lymphocytes but especially in those responsible for specific cell-mediated reactions. They also show that bacteria can be used as reliable reagents for the identification of lymphocyte subpopulations in blood smears. PMID- 6976488 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of soft-part sarcomas with ALOMAD (S4). AB - Sixty-four adult patients with soft-tissue sarcomas received adjuvant chemotherapy with a six-drug combination regimen after surgery. Seventy percent remain free of disease with a median follow-up of 50 months. Only seven patients have died of their disease, all within the first 24 months after surgery. Most patients experienced severe nausea and vomiting secondary to the actinomycin D and dacarbazine parts of the protocol, and three patients experienced frank Adriamycin cardiomyopathy. Toxicity from this combination was otherwise mild. The 58% recurrence rate of 12 patients who discontinued therapy early because of nausea was significantly greater than the 23% rate for those who completed or relapsed on therapy (P = 0.01). Adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered after surgery for patients with soft-part sarcomas, especially those with high-grade tumors that have a considerable risk of recurrence. PMID- 6976489 TI - Computerized fluoroscopy: new technique for the noninvasive evaluation of the aorta, coronary artery bypass grafts, and left ventricular function. AB - A computerized fluoroscopy system has been developed on the basis of real-time digital processing of x-ray transmission data from traditional image-intensified fluoroscopy equipment. High-quality visualization of any part of the arterial system is obtained following intravenous injection of 0.5 to 0.75 ml/kg of iodinated contrast materials. This report describes the use of this technique to evaluate the aortic arch, left ventricular function, and coronary artery bypass graft patency. Fifty intravenous studies were performed in 25 patients. Among 20 patients with coronary artery bypass grafts, computerized fluoroscopy correctly identified 11 of 15 patent grafts and 11 of 11 occluded grafts as confirmed by standard coronary arteriography in 11 of these patients. Unlike computerized tomography, our technique gives a longitudinal view of the bypass graft much like direct coronary angiography. Aortic arch studies included demonstration of a right aortic arch with a small left subclavian artery, a coarctation, and a normal aortic arch in a trauma patient with a wide mediastinum. Segmental wall motion abnormalities were clearly identified by a modification of the technique which produces a negative outline on the ventriculogram in dyskinetic segments. Ejection fractions may be calculated by determining the amount of iodine in the ventricle in systole and diastole. This technique may also be used to evaluate carotid disease and peripheral vascular disease in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass procedures. Computerized fluoroscopy, therefore, allows evaluation of the entire cardiovascular system by the relatively noninvasive technique of intravenous angiography. PMID- 6976490 TI - Therapeutic effects of functional electrical stimulation of extremities. PMID- 6976491 TI - [Cotrimoxazole and nephrotoxicity]. PMID- 6976492 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]. PMID- 6976493 TI - [Therapeutic procedures in hemorrhage into the gastro-intestinal tract in reflux esophagitis (author's transl)]. AB - From 1976 and 1978, 158 patients with hematemesis and melaena from the upper gastro-intestinal tract were hospitalized at the Surgical clinic of the University Hospital in Olomouc. In 8.3%, reflux-esophagitis (ROe) and hiatal hernias (HH) were the cause of the hemorrhage. As a rule, the acute attack could be controlled by conservative treatment, and the operation was performed after the situation had calmed down. Only in exceptional cases an urgent operation was necessary. In the years from 1948 to 1979, 344 patients were operated on for reflux-esophagitis -- hemorrhage occurred only in 11.3%. In 32 patients the cause of the hemorrhage was a severe esophagitis and in 7 of them an esophageal ulcus. In reflux-esophagitis, hemorrhage is controlled by antireflex operations -- mostly by application of the fundoplicatio according to Nissen-Rossetti. When a duodenal ulcer or hyperacidity occur simultaneously, we combine fundoplicatio with superselective vagotomy. PMID- 6976494 TI - [Sphincter-preserving operations in cases of ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. AB - Eighteen cases of operated ulcerative colitis are described. In 15 cases ileorectal anastomosis was performed. In one case, the rectum had to be excised because of a massive rectal haemorrhage; in another case, the anastomosis had to be separated Hartmann's operation) because of a dehiscence of the anastomosis. A re-examination of 13 patients shows full continence in 12 cases; one patient was incontinent with regard to flatus. The Karnofsky Index shows 100 in 10 patients, and 90 in 3 patients. The sigmoidoscopy reveals normal rectal mucosa in 6 patients, a moderate colitis in 5 patients and a severe colitis in 2 patients. There are only two indications for rectal excision in our opinion: uncontrollable rectal haemorrhage and carcinoma (dysplasia). PMID- 6976496 TI - [Mesentericocaval shunt after esophageal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis of the liver; results during a 10 year period (author's transl)]. AB - 54 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and relapsing esophageal bleeding received mesentericocaval dacron shunts between 1st January 1975 and 31st December 1979 and were followed up to the end of 1980. Patients were accepted for surgery under the following conditions: (1) liver function had to be compensated, (2) there had to be no signs and symptoms of hepatoportal encephalopathy, (3) there had to be no signs and symptoms of activity of cirrhosis of the liver, (4) liver volume had to be between 1 000 and 2 500 ml, (5) portal vein perfusion had to be 15-35%, (6) stenosis of liver arteries had to be excluded. Lethality during the hospital period and from hepatoportal encephalopathy was 7.4%, late lethality was 11%; this accounted for a 5-year survival rate of 70%. Residual perfusion of the portal vein could be demonstrated in many cases by intra- and postoperative measurements with different methods. The dacron prosthesis was implanted into the superior mesenteric vein in an acute angle (it had a diameter of 16 mm). The prosthesis was occluded by thrombosis in 3 out of the first 18 cases operated upon. This could be prevented in the following 36 patients by intra- and postoperative longterm heparinisation. PMID- 6976498 TI - [Correlation between the rheumatoid rosette test and the clinical picture of rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976495 TI - [Intraperitoneal germ reduction in biliary peritonitis. an experimental study in rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976497 TI - [Tumor cell originates from normal cell--can this process be reversed? (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976502 TI - [Variants in gastric evacuation function in different age groups based on computerized gastroscintigraphic data]. PMID- 6976500 TI - Drug-induced antinuclear antibodies in the guinea pig. AB - Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) development was studied in male guinea pigs in response to chronic treatment with procainamide, hydralazine, acetanilide or caffeine. Acetanilide and caffeine have not previously been associated with ANA induction. Fifty-one weanling Hartley guinea pigs were divided into five groups which received either procainamide, hydralazine, acetanilide, caffeine or saline sc for 55 weeks; drug dosage was 10 mg/kg initially and was increased incrementally to 40 mg/kg by 10 months except for hydralazine, which was increased to 20 mg/kg. Two weeks before initiation of treatment, 1 mg of the appropriate drug in 0.4 ml of buffered Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA-PBS) was administered intradermally. Controls received FCA-PBS only. Sera ANA were assayed at 6, 10 and 13 months. After 13 months of treatment, those sera which were ANA positive were assayed for anti-deoxyribonucleoprotein antibodies and were titered for ANA. Chi-square analyses were performed on results of the 10- and 13-month ANA screening results. ANA induction was significant at P = 0.05 only for the group receiving procainamide at both 10 and 13 months of treatment. When the cumulative results of all ANA screens were analyzed, ANA induction was significant for procainamide, acetanilide and caffeine. The test system did not prove to be promising for unambiguous identification of drugs with ANA-inducing potential, but may be useful for studies of mechanisms of ANA induction by chemicals. PMID- 6976501 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor: effects on the sympathetic nervous system and oxygen consumption. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor administered intracerebroventricularly produces prolonged elevation of plasma concentration of epinephrine, norepinephrine and glucose. These hormonal changes are associated with an increase in motor activity and oxygen consumption. No change in body temperature is observed. CRF produces changes in animal physiology that are similar to those observed in response to stress. PMID- 6976503 TI - The [125I]C1q binding assay for the detection of soluble immune complexes. PMID- 6976499 TI - In vivo characterization of myocardium muscarinic receptors by positron emission tomography. PMID- 6976504 TI - Coronary artery graft surgery. AB - The last decade has seen significant technical advances in equipment for the procedure of, and the surgeon's operating skill in coronary artery by pass surgery. Such surgery is indicated when, despite medical treatment, angina is disabling; although evidence is increasing that patients whose pain is controlled should be considered for surgery. Late operations are more complex and expensive, and patients are exposed to a higher risk of sudden death in the intervening period. Delay may also allow the disease to progress to an inoperable state. Patients unlikely to benefit from medical treatment should be offered surgery as soon as their disease is identified by angiography. Intensive medical treatment, with its poorer control of symptoms, leads to an increasing dependence on the State of medicine, hospital facilities and sickness benefits. The reputedly expensive coronary artery bypass operation is cheaper both to the State and to the patient tha unoperated invalidism. PMID- 6976506 TI - Application of the noise power spectrum to positron emission CT self-absorption correction. AB - Two methods are compared in correcting for self-absorption in positron emission CT scans, or equivalently, in determining the integral of attenuation along a strip in a cross section. These are CT reconstruction and direct measurement. It is shown that the former method is slightly more precise than the latter with the degree of improvement proportional to the number of angles used. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the CT approach is statistically very inefficient in its use of detected events in comparison to the direct approach. For the CT case, it is shown using the noise power spectrum that two-thirds of the variance in the attenuation integral is from one projection alone, namely that along the direction of the strip. The remaining one-third is primarily from adjacent projections. For the problem of determining the attenuation in a single strip within the slice, the CT approach is not recommended. However, if the problem is extended to a complete set of strips within the slice, as is desired in positron emission CT, the CT approach may require considerably less counting time than the direct approach for comparable precision. PMID- 6976505 TI - [Indices of the state of the T-system of immunity in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in guinea pigs]. PMID- 6976509 TI - Effect of L-5HTP and drugs acting on serotonin metabolism in various myoclonic syndromes. AB - Ten patients affected by various myoclonic syndromes were tested with drugs acting on cerebral serotonin metabolism and with clonazepam (CZP). After L5HTP or serotonergic drugs administration a clear cut improvement was observed in the 2 patients affected by Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, while the patients with myoclonic epilepsy have shown no effect (3 cases) or negative response (1 case). Methysergide was active only in 1 patient affected by progressive erratic myoclonus who had a striking worsening of clinical picture. The main side effects observed were: gastrointestinal distress (L5HTP--4 patients, fenfluoramine--2, quipazine--1, methysergide--2) and cutaneous rash (quipazine--1 case). These results support the possible implication of the serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of myoclonus other than post-anoxic. PMID- 6976507 TI - [Oral manifestations of hemopathies. 3. Stomatological picture of hemorrhagic diseases]. PMID- 6976508 TI - [Interactions of gene 5 protein of bacteriophage f1 with oligonucleotides of a certain composition and sequence]. AB - Interaction of gene 5 protein of bacteriophage f1 with a set of oligodeoxyribonucleotides (including those with 1,N6-ethenoadenine), which simulate a site of attachment of protein on DNA has been studied. The tyrosine and ethenoadenine fluorescence and CD of the complexes of the protein with the oligonucleotides have been measured. It has been revealed that the stoichiometry of the complexes depends on the protein--oligonucleotide ratio. It is demonstrated that protein binding changes the degree of hydration of the oligonucleotides and the geometry of stacking, without marked unstacking. Tyrosine residues partially intercalate in the oligonucleotide. It is possible that one of the tyrosines sits between the second and the third and one of the phenylalanines--between the third and the forth bases, of the pentanucleosidetetraphosphate from the 5'-end. PMID- 6976510 TI - [Pathomorphology and clinico-pathology of Lennert lymphoma]. AB - 31 cases of malignant lymphoma classified earlier in the Malignant Lymphoma Reference Center as Lennert lymphomas (LL) have been reinvestigated. In 14 cases out of the 31 presence of a small number of Sternberg-Reed (SR) cells has been revealed and the diagnosis of Hodgkin disease (Hk) was made. 4 cases proved to be angioimmunoblastic lymphomas. In 2 cases out of 13 LL-s micro-SR-cells have been found and in one of these cases later Hk disease has developed. In the further 4 cases in the first biopsies polynucleated lymphocytes and giant cells of non -SR type have been noticed. In this patients later on malignant lymphomas of T-cell type have developed. PMID- 6976511 TI - [Mycosis surveillance of compromised patients by means of the E-rosette-test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976512 TI - Epidemiologic aspects of the current outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections. PMID- 6976513 TI - Development of experimental sporotrichosis in normal and modified animals. AB - The development of experimental sporotrichosis was examined in immunologically disturbed mice. In the case of intracutaneous inoculation, the lesion in cyclophosphamide-treated mice enlarged strikingly up to 6 days, but at 12 days it was similar in size to that in non-treated mice. The lesion in irradiated mice developed slowly up to 12 days, but thereafter it developed promptly. In nude mice, the lesion was smallest during the development of the lesion. Histological examination showed that numerous organisms were present in the lesion of nude and irradiated mice. Intraperitoneal inoculation showed that dissemination of spores were easily induced in nude mice as compared with littermate mice. These results indicate an important role of cellular immunity in the defence mechanism of sporotrichosis. PMID- 6976514 TI - Long-term growth and cloning of non-transformed lymphocytes. PMID- 6976515 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by syngeneic mouse melanoma cells recognize human melanomas. PMID- 6976516 TI - Antigen-driven helper cell-independent cloned cytolytic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6976517 TI - Consensus Development Conference Statement. Coronary artery bypass surgery: scientific and clinical aspects. PMID- 6976518 TI - [A rare but important complication of aortic valve replacement]. PMID- 6976519 TI - [The value of myocardial scintigraphy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with angina pectoris]. PMID- 6976521 TI - [Must third ventricle colloidal cysts be resected? (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976520 TI - When to perform a renal biopsy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? A retrospective analysis of the correlation between morphological findings and clinical data at the time of biopsy. PMID- 6976522 TI - Antagonism by methysergide of the effects of L-5-hydroxytryptophan and quipazine on schedule-controlled responding. PMID- 6976523 TI - Prediction of cerebellopontine angle tumors based on discriminant analysis of brain stem auditory evoked responses. AB - Multivariate discriminant analysis of brain stem auditory evoked response component latency intervals in patients with cerebellopontine angle tumors allowed accurate detection of 90% (35 of 39) of the tumor population with response data recordable from at least one ear. Eight-five per cent (23 of 27) of these could be detected by using information from the unaffected ear. One of 21 normal subjects was misclassified. Tumors significantly increased the I-III and III-V intervals on the side of the tumor. Increases in III-V interval latency were also observed on the unaffected side. The size of the tumor was significantly correlated with both discriminant scores derived from the analysis of the unaffected ear and delays in the III-V intervals from either the affected or the unaffected ear. These results were attributed to physiological factors and mechanical distortions of the brain stem. Regression equations derived from linear discriminant analysis for cerebellopontine angle tumors are presented and discussed in terms of their predictive validity. PMID- 6976524 TI - Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and other facial pains by retrogasserian injection of glycerol. AB - Hakanson's treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by injecting 0.2 to 0.4 ml of glycerol into the cerebrospinal fluid in Meckel's cave was carried out in 27 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, 3 with atypical facial neuralgia, and 1 with post-traumatic facial neuralgia. Minor modifications of his technique are described based on our finding of a greater pain and sensory loss upon injection than he noted. We present evidence that glycerol is more toxic than its cryoprotectant effect would intimate and that it selectively eliminates those components of the compound action potential in the trigeminal rootlets customarily associated with pain. We conclude that the method is probably going to be an improvement over radiofrequency heating for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in many situations. PMID- 6976525 TI - Hypokalemic myopathy associated with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency: a case report. AB - We studied a patient with hypokalemic myopathy associated with 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency. An 18-year-old high school student, who appeared to be a girl with poorly developed secondary sex characteristics, had generalized muscle weakness. The cause of muscle weakness proved to be hypokalemic myopathy confirmed by clinical findings and muscle biopsy. Endocrinologic study demonstrated 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency with male pseudohermaphroditism. The metabolic abnormality of this patient was corrected by the administration of glucocorticoid. The possibility of this rare disease has to be considered when we examine a patient who has hypokalemic myopathy associated with hypogonadism. PMID- 6976526 TI - Multiple sclerosis in Iceland: 1. Evidence of a postwar epidemic. AB - Since 1974 we have attempted to ascertain all cases of MS beginning 1900-1975 in Iceland. As of October 1979 they numbered 168; all but 5 met all diagnostic criteria of the Schumacher Committee. Virtually all cases had been examined by a least one of the authors. Cases were few and sporadic from 1900 to 1922, then increased to a plateau for 1923-44, then again increased in 1945 with an irregular plateau thereafter. Average annual incidence rate for 1945-1954 was 3.2 per 100,000 population, significantly higher than the 1.6 for 1923-1944 or the 1.9 for 1955-1974. Age at onset was significantly decreased for cases with onset 1945-1949 and then sharply increased for those with 1950-1954 onsets. The occurrence of MS in 1945-1954 meets the criteria for a point-source epidemic, whose tail thereafter merged into what may be "baseline" for Iceland. This postwar epidemic is then similar to that recently described for the Faroe Islands, a land that shares its history, culture, and peoples with Iceland. PMID- 6976527 TI - [Physical and rehabilitative therapy in coxarthrosis]. PMID- 6976528 TI - [Early diagnosis of rheumatic disease]. PMID- 6976529 TI - [Rheumatology and pneumonology]. PMID- 6976531 TI - Make the most of your time with simple techniques that work. PMID- 6976530 TI - Removal of retinal input fails to elicit isthmo-tectal sprouting in the frog. AB - The retina and nucleus isthmi both project in laminar fashion to the superficial layers of the frog's tectum. In order to determine whether isthmo-tectal axons show collateral sprouting after retinotectal input is removed, we injected [3H] proline into the nucleus isthmi and measured the volume of the crossed isthmo tectal projection. We found no evidence of collateral sprouting. PMID- 6976532 TI - Make the most of your time by involving others. PMID- 6976535 TI - 18 ways to cut your taxes...this year and next. 10 deductions you shouldn't overlook. PMID- 6976533 TI - Make the most of your time by trusting yourself. PMID- 6976534 TI - When your patient wants to die, should you help? PMID- 6976536 TI - Moving up the nursing ladder. PMID- 6976538 TI - Pseudocommunication is the nurse-patient game. PMID- 6976537 TI - Patient injury in the hospital: how to protect yourself legally. PMID- 6976541 TI - Keeping up: opportunities for continuing education. You're never too old. PMID- 6976542 TI - Know how: tips for solving a common nursing problem. Prescription for a witness. PMID- 6976540 TI - Nursing law at your fingertips. PMID- 6976539 TI - How nursing care plans help you. PMID- 6976543 TI - Court case: does the doctor know best? PMID- 6976544 TI - Lanthony's new color test. IV. Neutral zone and neutral grays. AB - The classification of neutral grays is helpful for the differential diagnosis of color vision defects, especially when anomaloscopic examination is not possible. In congenital color vision defects the PR, RP region of the spectrum appears 'dark' to protan-defective subjects and 'light' to deutan-defective subjects. Acquired color vision defects have a common base type, the type III blue-yellow defect. The defect develops depending on the site of the primary lesion and also on the fixation mode. Classification of neutral grays may help in differentiating optic nerve diseases from retinal diseases; when visual functions become mediated by rods, sensitivity shifts and the BV, B region of the spectrum will appear relatively 'light' to the patient. PMID- 6976545 TI - Specular microscopic and histologic observations in nonguttate corneal endothelial degeneration. AB - Six phakic patients with unilateral corneal edema and clinically normal-appearing fellow eyes were examined with specular microscopy and found to have endothelial pleomorphism and reduced cell counts in the nonedematous cornea. None of these patients had any previous eye disease, trauma, inflammation, or surgery. Clinically unrecognized endothelial disease was proposed as a cause for the unilateral corneal edema and was verified by light and electron microscopic studies in five patients. These pathologic findings vary somewhat from those found in Fuchs' dystrophy and may represent either a variant or a form of endothelial cell degeneration of as yet undetermined etiology. Our studies suggest that this condition is not detectable in the nonedematous cornea by standard high magnification biomicroscopy and requires the use of the clinical specular microscope to confirm the diagnosis in suspected cases. PMID- 6976547 TI - [Effect of tuberculin antigen and indomethacin as well as prostaglandins on T cell rosette formation]. PMID- 6976546 TI - [Relationship between HLA-DR5 antigen and survival in acute childhood leukemia]. PMID- 6976548 TI - Taenia solium: mitogenic effect of larval extracts on murine B lymphocytes. AB - The effect of an extract (CE) obtained from Cysticercus cellulosae on the proliferation of lymphocytes was studied in cultures of murine spleen cells. The addition of CE to the cultures resulted in the highly significant uptake and incorporation of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) into DNA. This phenomena was dose dependent, with doses lower and higher than the optimal concentration causing less marked effects. The kinetic peak of this response was found to occur on day 2 of culture. CE evoked a proliferative response in cultures of spleen cells from congenitally athymic (nu/nu) BALB/c mice. Cultures of bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes, generated by treatment of spleen cells with rabbit antithymocyte serum and complement, incorporated 3H-TdR to a degree similar to that of normal spleen cell cultures. CE did not induce the proliferation of thymocytes. To eliminate the possibility that the mitogenic effect of CE was due to LPS, we carried out experiments using Polymyxin B (PB). CE was mitogenic after treatment with PB which inactivated the LPD effect. In addition, CE elicited 3H-TdR uptake in spleen cells from the LPS nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mouse strain. PMID- 6976549 TI - Effect of immunosuppression on the size and metastasis of amoebic liver abscesses in hamsters. AB - The effect of T-cell depletion on experimental hepatic amoebiasis in hamsters was investigated. Thymectomized and anti-T-cell (ATS) treated animals as well as sham operated and unoperated controls were inoculated intrahepatically, following laparotomy, at 7 weeks of age with 1 x 10(5) axenic trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. In neonatally thymectomized hamsters the mean weight of the liver abscess 10 days post-inoculation was significantly greater than in neonatally sham-operated or unoperated controls, but there was no significant difference between these groups of animals in the size of metastatic foci to other organs. On the other hand, a combination of neonatal thymectomy and ATS treatment enhanced both the size of the primary abscess in the liver and the size of metastases to other sites. Adult thymectomy did not have a significant effect either on the size of the primary abscess or on metastatic dissemination of amoebae from the liver. Treatment of hamsters with ATS shortly before or after intrahepatic challenge increased significantly the size of the abscess, but similar treatment 2-3 weeks prior to challenge had no effect. These observations suggest that thymus-dependent cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in the host response to E. histolytica infection. PMID- 6976552 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 6976550 TI - Thymus graft reconstitution of T-cell-deprived mice infected with Trypanosoma musculi. AB - T-cell-deprived CBA mice were given thymus graft implants during the course of an infection with Trypanosoma musculi and at a time when the parasitaemia was high. As a consequence of the grafts, most of the mice survived the infection whereas control ungrafted mice died. In grafted animals there was generally a period of 60-80 days after grafting during which time parasitic numbers remained high, and a further period of 200 or more days when trypanosomes were still detectable in the circulation. The mice were highly variable in their responses and possible reasons for this are considered. PMID- 6976553 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in children with lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6976554 TI - Advantage of latex agglutination over countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis in the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen in serum. PMID- 6976551 TI - [Effect of central nervous system irradiation in children with lymphoblastic leukemia on lymphocyte subpopulations and leukocyte migration inhibition indicators in the peripheral blood]. PMID- 6976556 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 6976555 TI - Fragile sites on chromosomes. PMID- 6976557 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in the etiology and treatment of septicemia in young children]. PMID- 6976560 TI - [CT number of the fatty liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976558 TI - The effect of visual-vestibular conflict on the latency of steady-state visually induced subjective rotation. PMID- 6976559 TI - Protective effect of hydrocortisone on vasopressin response in frog skin. AB - The effect of microtubular-poisons, such as colchicine and vincristine, on frog skin permeability has been investigated. Three-hour treatment with the drugs has no effect on nonelectrolyte basal transepithelial permeability, but completely suppresses the effect of ADH. Colchicine and vincristine, in addition, affect both basal sodium transport and the rise in short circuit current induced by vasopressin. The inhibition produced by microtubular-poisons disappears, however, when hydrocortisone, a glucocorticoid known to preserve junctional communications is used. Together with the results previously obtained with isolated epithelial cells (Svelto et al. 1979), these findings provide further support for our hypothesis that the microtubular-microfilament-system, is involved in cell-to cell exchange. PMID- 6976561 TI - [Experimental studies on the arteriographic detection of a bleeding in the various sites of blood vessel; artery, capillary and vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976562 TI - [The PABA test in chronic pancreatitis: value of plasma para-amino benzoic acid determinations (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) were measured over a 6-hour period after administration of N-benzoil L-tyrosyl aminobenzoic acid (NBT-PABA) to 15 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 15 controls. The sum of plasma PABA concentrations at 1 hour and 2 hours was calculated for each subject. The resulting value proved to have a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 80%, as opposed to 86% and 67% respectively for urinary concentrations. PMID- 6976563 TI - Rheumatology. PMID- 6976564 TI - [Effect of desensitization treatment with Pollinex on the T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations in hay fever]. PMID- 6976565 TI - Technologic advances in medicine: the good news and the bad. PMID- 6976566 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. 1. Incidence, mechanism, and detection. AB - Ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae, an organism once thought to be universally susceptible to ampicillin, is increasing. It varies from one institution or community to another, and rates of 6.6% to 48% have been reported. The vast majority of resistant strains produce beta-lactamase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes the beta-lactam ring of ampicillin and other susceptible beta-lactam antibiotics. The beta-lactamase production is mediated by a gene contained on a plasmid (piece of extrachromosomal DNA). It is important for physicians and microbiologists to be aware that an infection such as meningitis or otitis media could be caused by ampicillin-resistant strain of H influenzae. Knowledge of the incidence of resistance for the institution or community is particularly pertinent in selection of empiric therapy. PMID- 6976568 TI - Early development of the avian immune system. PMID- 6976567 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. 2. Therapeutic considerations. AB - The increasing incidence of Haemophilus influenzae resistant to ampicillin has clinical implications not only for pediatricians but also for family physicians, because the bacterium is recognized more frequently as the etiologic agent for diseases in adults as well as in young children. Ampicillin is no longer the automatic choice for treatment of patients thought to have life-threatening H influenzae disease, and empiric treatment of otitis media must be reexamined. Chloramphenicol, as well as ampicillin, must be considered for the treatment of meningitis and other serious systemic H influenzae infections. Once the infective organism has been isolated and tested for resistance, ampicillin alone may be used if indicated or desired. Alternatives to ampicillin for middle ear infection are trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra), erythromycin-sulfonamide (Pediazole), and cefaclor (Ceclor). Isolation and susceptibility tests are seldom done because they necessitate tympanocentesis. PMID- 6976569 TI - [Gastrointestinal bleedings: bleeding from the distal duodenum, the liver, the pancreas, the jejunum and the ileum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976572 TI - [Immunological characteristics of autolymphocytotoxins in autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 6976570 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of massive colorectal hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976573 TI - [Immunotropic activity of chemical compounds]. PMID- 6976574 TI - [Complications of an ulcerative-necrotic lesion of the gastrointestinal tract in hemoblastosis patients]. PMID- 6976571 TI - [Cold isolymphocytotoxins detectable in healthy persons]. PMID- 6976575 TI - [Characteristics in primary tuberculosis in preschool children]. PMID- 6976576 TI - [Early diagnosis of tuberculosis in the pediatric clinic]. PMID- 6976577 TI - Depot-zinc therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus in B/W mice. PMID- 6976579 TI - Blockade of 5-HTp reduction of ethanol drinking with the decarboxylase inhibitor, ro 4-4602. PMID- 6976578 TI - Serum lipid and lipoprotein in infants and children and their relationship with diet. AB - A survey of children for cardiovascular risk factor variables has determined serum lipids and lipoproteins on some 5,000 children from birth through adolescence. Dietary studies have been conducted on a selected sample. Considerable variability of the serum lipids and lipoproteins occurs with significant relationships to age, race, and sex. Serum lipoproteins are altered with obesity especially in white children and a correlation of dietary intake of fat by infants and children had been noted with serum lipids and lipoproteins. A consistent ranking over time or tracking of the serum lipids and lipoproteins, especially beta-lipoprotein, occurs, and a clustering of multirisk factors including high levels of serum total cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins can be observed, especially in the older children. The trend toward increasing interrelationship of multirisk factors suggests an increasing environmental impact with age. The relationships of dietary components with risk factor variables are of a low order, even though children are consuming a relatively high fat, high cholesterol, high salt diet. Dietary factors are potentially the major environmental influence on the high incidence of coronary artery disease. The evidence of the relationship of diet to the serum lipid levels in children warrants further investigation in an effort to understand the precise role of diet in the prevention of adult cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6976580 TI - [Pharmacological characterization of novel pyridazines. Part 2: Analgetic, antipyretic and antiphlogistic activity (author's transl)]. AB - Using the tail-flick and the hot-plate method as well as the Writhing syndrome as screening procedures, the author tested newly synthetized pyridazine derivatives for analgetic activity in the mouse. Of the 17 compounds tested, the sulphur containing derivative 3-amino-4-mercapto-6-methylpyridazine (17) has been found to be the most active one. The relatively great effectiveness of 17 was also confirmed in rats (antipyresis model and acute oedema of the hind paw), this substance being superior to all the other compounds under investigation with regard to the quality of the antipyretic and antiphlogistic effects. Further studies of the analgetic, antipyretic and antiphlogistic activity of this group of substances are planned. In this connection, the synthesis of other sulphur containing pyridazine derivatives seems especially desirable. PMID- 6976581 TI - An enzyme marker to ensure reliable determinations of human isoniazid acetylator phenotype in vitro. AB - Human liver N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity undergoes rapid inactivation after death. Thus, in vitro determination of acetylator phenotype in liver autopsies may be unreliable. In the present investigation, the relative stabilities of monomorphic and polymorphic NAT activity were compared in situ in human and rabbit liver of rapid and slow acetylator phenotype. In both phenotypes, the monomorphic NAT activity was considerably less stable than the polymorphic, enabling it to be utilized as an enzyme marker to assure reliable in vitro phenotype classification. PMID- 6976582 TI - Effects of vestibular stimulation in seizure-prone children. An EEG study. AB - Concern that vestibular stimulation may induce seizures in seizure-prone children has been based on hearsay and unconfirmed clinical impressions of practicing therapists. To clarify this issue, we took electroencephalographic recordings of seizure-prone children before, during, and after specific vestibular stimulation. Ten children with seizure histories, 5, to 15 years of age, were exposed to warm and cold caloric vestibular stimuli. Electroencephalographic activity was recorded before, during, and after each vestibular stimulus; recordings were rated and compared prevestibular and postvestibular stimulation. Electronystagmographic recordings were also taken. Results show that vestibular stimulation does not accentuate the abnormal brain wave pattern in seizure-prone children. Six of 10 subjects had a significant reduction in paroxysmal activity (p less than .02). Possible explanations for clinical reports of vestibular induced seizures are given, with suggestions for precautions when applying vestibular stimulation to seizure-prone children. PMID- 6976583 TI - Rapid laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. AB - The countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and latex particle agglutination tests are rapid, do not require expensive apparatus, and are easy to perform if specific antigens and antisera are available. Both tests have been shown to be of value in the diagnosis of bacterial infections (such as those caused by H. influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and group B streptococcus) and of viral infections (HRVLA and hepatitis B); they may also be of value in fungal and parasitic infections. Etiologic diagnosis of commonly seen clinical conditions (such as pneumonia, meningitis, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, lymphadenitis, and arthritis) by practicing physicians can be made using these tests to detect antigens in various body fluids in a hospital laboratory. PMID- 6976584 TI - Controversies in the management of vaginitis. PMID- 6976585 TI - Serum gastrin and the family environment in duodenal ulcer disease. AB - The study investigated the relationships between specific demographic, psychosocial, and physiological variables and the severity of duodenal ulcer disease in a population of patients with proved duodenal ulcer. Intercorrelations between psychosocial and physiological variables were also studied. The study design was cross sectional and retrospectively assessed life change units and DUD severity during the previous 6 months in 39 male ulcer clinic outpatients. Anxiety, depression, life change units, the family environment, ABO blood type, secretor status, serum pepsinogen, and serum fasting gastrin were evaluated. A DUD severity score was calculated from self-reported ulcer pain symptoms and ulcer complications. Gastrin levels correlated significantly with three Family Environment Scale (FES) subscales, including: (a) independence, (b) achievement orientation, and (c) expressiveness. Duodenal ulcer disease severity scores correlated with Zung SDS scores, but not with state or trait anxiety, life change units, or the FES. PMID- 6976586 TI - Some skeletogenic lesions with common calvarial manifestations. AB - The skull may mirror many systemic diseases or conditions. In fact, when gross and microscopic pathologic findings are confusing, proper analysis of the skull radiograph may lead to a more accurate and complete diagnosis. The article discusses some of the most common systemic diseases with skull or calvarial manifestations (fibrous dysplasia, hyperparathyroidism, histiocytosis X, Paget's disease, and anemias), with special attention to pathophysiology. PMID- 6976590 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow by radioxenon-113 inhalation and dynamic emission tomography. AB - A rapidly rotating single photon tomograph is described for atraumatic and three dimensional measurements of rCBF in ml/100 g/min. The instrument has a high sensitivity permitting the recording of the uptake and washout of xenon-133 from the human brain during and after inhalation of the gas at a concentration of 10 mCi/l for 1 min. The algorithm used to calculate rCBF is described, and clinical results in particular in stroke cases are presented. The rapidly rotating tomograph is better suited for the study of focal cerebral ischemia than the conventional stationary detectors because superposition of tissue layers is avoided. PMID- 6976587 TI - Incomplete myocardial reperfusion despite a patent coronary bypass: a generally unrecognized shortcoming of the surgical approach to coronary artery disease. AB - When assessing a coronary artery bypass graft, the patency rate is virtually the sole criterion of success. However, this fails to identify grafts which are patent by incompletely reperfuse the diseased vessel. Angiograms of 82 patients with 172 bypassed coronary arteries confirmed patency in 126 (73%); however, in 30 reperfusion was incomplete though the graft was patent, making the rate of complete reperfusion only 56% (96/172). Causes included localized narrowings in the region of the anastomosis [9], significant narrowing along the graft [6], pre existing additional stenoses in the native vessel, remote from the anastomosis and the lesion [7], stenoses not present preoperatively but seen postoperatively in the native vessel, remote from the anastomosis and original lesion [6], and separate obstructions of unbypassed branches [2]. While incomplete reperfusion is often unavoidable and is certainly preferable to total occlusion, evaluation based purely on patency rates is misleading, since it overlooks the fact that a significant proportion of patent grafts will not totally reperfuse the diseased vessel. PMID- 6976588 TI - Radionuclide evaluation of the interventricular septum following coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The cases of 25 consecutive patients who had undergone radionuclide ventriculography both before and after coronary artery bypass surgery and who had had normal septal motion before surgery were reviewed. Abnormal septal motion was present in 22 patients (88%) postoperatively. In contrast, a new motion abnormality appeared following surgery in the apical segments of only 5 of 21 patients (24%) and in the lateral segments of 1 of 22 (5%) patients. All patients improved clinically following surgery, and only two had evidence of intraoperative myocardial infarction. Postoperatively, thallium imaging revealed normal septal perfusion in all six patients who underwent this examination. Thus, it appears that ischemic injury does not always account for this phenomenon, which is a potential source of confusion in patients after coronary bypass operations. It is concluded that radionuclide ventriculography identifies the same aberration of ventricular septal motion that is seen during echocardiographic examination of patients who have undergone surgery. PMID- 6976591 TI - Positron emission tomography: state of the art in neurology. AB - The initial clinical application of PET has demonstrated intriguing aspects in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease and epilepsy. A few observations on migraine have also been published, and studies on extrapyramidal disorders are currently underway at the UCLA and the Hammersmith Hospital. The development of PET centres in the USA and Europe will result in larger clinical studies. The capacity for accurate and reliable quantitation of physiological parameters now opens the door to serial measurements in individual patients. Quantitation in absolute units of flow or consumption of a metabolite means that correlations and comparisons can be made between patients, and between studies in individual patients. This means that the natural history of cerebral disease in pathophysiological terms is open to study and, in turn, the effects of therapeutic interventions can be monitored. In this way, with the formulation of appropriate clinical research questions, significant advances in the understanding of cerebral disease and its treatment can be expected. Though the clinical results from PET studies are as yet scanty or preliminary, sufficient data exists to indicate that PET is the most promising tool for the exploration of functional and metabolic processes in the central nervous system in vivo. PMID- 6976589 TI - Maillard type carbonyl-amine reactions in vivo and their physiological effects. PMID- 6976592 TI - Nuclear scattering radiography. PMID- 6976593 TI - Clinical applications of radionuclide cisternography. PMID- 6976596 TI - [Experimental cystoplasty in dogs using preserved equine pericardium]. PMID- 6976595 TI - [Modification of the technic for the determination of closing volume]. PMID- 6976594 TI - [Variations in human serum ceruloplasmin activity]. PMID- 6976600 TI - [Drugs and communication: ordination and value concept]. PMID- 6976599 TI - [A schedule for the detection of metabolic disorders in subjects with urolithiasis]. PMID- 6976598 TI - [Polypectomy by colonoscopy; indications, technic and results]. PMID- 6976597 TI - [Chorea in hyperparathyroidism. Report of a case]. PMID- 6976601 TI - [Optokinetic reactivity and vestibular disorders of central origin (author's transl)]. AB - An electronystagmographic study of optokinetic reactivity is conducted in 50 'normal' adult subjects and 200 patients suffering from various diseases, all of whom presented an abnormal electronystagmogram. Optokinetic reactivity is evoked by a sudden acceleration of the optokinetic stimulus. It is considered normal when this acceleration leads to an increase in amplitude. At the same time, the frequency of the optokinetic nystagmus decreases. This type of response can be modified by various disorders. Recent cranial trauma and tetany are associated with an incomplete or inadequate optokinetic response; brain vascular diseases and disorders of central origin induce an absence of that response, while some cases of multiple sclerosis and neuro-allergies give rise to an apparently momentary, unstable response. Optokinetic reactivity thus represents an extension of the classical optokinetic test and yields valuable diagnostic clues. PMID- 6976602 TI - Occupational therapy in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6976604 TI - [Disability and the socioeconomic significance of rheumatic disease]. PMID- 6976603 TI - Thymus derived rosette forming cell counts and lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin in animals affected with squamous cell carcinoma of horn. AB - A non-immune erythrocyte rosette test was used to examine the levels of thymus derived lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 12 bovine horn cancer patients and an equal number of age-matched unaffected controls. The proportion of rosette forming cells (RFC) in horn cancer affected animals was found to be approximately half that of unaffected controls. Phytohaemagglutinin was used to examine lymphocyte transformation (LT), in vitro, of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of six horn cancer affected animals as well as unaffected controls. Transformation values in affected animals were found to be much lower than in age matched controls. Lower values of RFC as well as LT in the horn cancer affected animals compared with unaffected controls are suggestive of depression of cell mediated immunity in this condition. PMID- 6976605 TI - [Achievements of the Pathological Anatomy Department of the Institute of Rheumatology in the field of pathomorphology of the musculoskeletal system]. PMID- 6976606 TI - [Present-day organization of rheumatological therapy in Poland]. PMID- 6976607 TI - [T-lymphocyte reactivity and the clinical condition of patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6976609 TI - The phenomenon of vestibular recruitment. PMID- 6976608 TI - [Value of arthroscopy in orthopedics and rheumatology]. PMID- 6976610 TI - [Respiratory infections and disorders of muco-ciliary clearance]. PMID- 6976611 TI - [Hepatic encephalopathy in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 6976612 TI - [Membrane markers and T-lymphocyte subpopulations (limits and prospects)]. PMID- 6976613 TI - [Changes of the ultrastructure of the kinocilia in Kartagener's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976614 TI - A digital quantitative method of estimating inflammation in the rectal mucosa. I. The normal limits in asymptomatic patients. AB - Histological preparations of the rectal mucosa from 72 rheumatic patients without gastrointestinal symptoms were quantitatively analysed. The variables recorded were the diameter (minor axis) of ten consecutive transversally cut glands, the space of lamina propria between the glands, the number of glands per high-power field, and the number of nuclei in ten consecutive areas (of lamina propria) between the glands. The digitals resulting from the sum of the values in each variable were considered characteristic of the histological state of the rectal mucosa in individual patients. In most biopsies (i.e. 99%) scores of 21 or less were recorded. The data obtained serve as a basis for comparative studies of the histological state of the rectal mucosa from patients with various chronic inflammatory conditions of the rectum. PMID- 6976616 TI - Rheumatic disorders in primary care. A study of two primary care centres and a review of previous Swedish reports on primary care. AB - Utilization of care for rheumatic disorders was studied in two primary care units. In both units 12% of visits concerned some form of rheumatic disease. This diagnostic group (chapter XIII of ICD) ranked third after cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The total number of visits per inhabitant was higher for all diagnoses, as well as for the rheumatic disorders, in the most remote primary care unit. The distribution of rheumatic diagnoses was similar in the two units. Back disorders were most frequent among men, whereas soft tissue rheumatism and back disorders each accounted for one-third of the cases among women. Inflammatory rheumatic diseases and osteo-arthritis played only a minor part. Visits due to rheumatic disorders decreased after retirement age, particularly among men. The findings were representative of primary care in rural areas of Sweden. Only 20% of referrals from primary care to the rheumatology department gave a tentative diagnosis and half of these suggestions were changed after examination. The majority of referred patients without any suggested diagnosis suffered from soft tissue rheumatism or inflammatory rheumatic disorders other than rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6976615 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of patients with Crohn's disease. AB - Samples of peripheral blood from 26 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 26 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were tested simultaneously for B and T lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte subpopulations with receptors for IgM (TM) and IgG (TG). Patients with CD had reduced proportions of T lymphocytes, and this reduction showed a significant correlation to the CD activity index (r = -0.65, p less than 0.01). There was slight reduction of TM only (p less than 0.05) inpatients with highly active disease but not in the total population of patients studied. Proportions of B and TG cells were similar in patients and controls. Patients with no clinical or radiological but histological signs of active disease had T lymphocytes and subpopulations like patients with inactive disease. This suggests that the reduction of T cells and T-cell subpopulations in CD are secondary effects. With regard to T-lymphocyte subpopulations, our results are in contrast to a recently published report and do not suggest that analysis of T cells according to the expression of Fc receptors helps in the understanding of functional changes in the T-cell system in patients with CD. PMID- 6976618 TI - Class, familism and utilization of health services in Durango, Mexico: a replication. PMID- 6976619 TI - Distribution and characteristics of non-government health practitioners in a rural area of Bangladesh. PMID- 6976617 TI - Gastrointestinal blood loss, gastroscopy and coagulation factors in normal volunteers during administration of acetylsalicylic acid and fluproquazone. AB - The influence of one week's treatment of fluproquazone, 300 mg daily, and acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin, Bayer), 3000 mg daily, on the gastro-intestinal tract and coagulation factors was compared in a randomized cross-over study in 12 healthy male volunteers. Gastroscopy revealed two acute erosions after fluproquazone in one subject, whereas 11 of the 12 subjects showed a total of about 80 erosions, petechiae or diffuse bleeding after aspirin. Median faecal blood loss, as assessed by means of 51Cr tagging and measurement of bulk radioactivity in a whole-body counter, were significantly (p less than 0.01) raised, from 1.8 (range 0-6.5) ml during the preceding control week to 6.0 (range 1.9-10.5) ml after treatment with aspirin. No significant difference was recorded between control and treatment weeks with fluproquazone. Mean bleeding time was significantly increased by 40% with aspirin, whereas no statistically significant change was observed with fluproquazone. The prostaglandin synthesis was not significantly influenced by fluproquazone but was almost completely suppressed by aspirin. Coagulation factor II-VII-X decreased slightly, but remained within the normal range with both drugs. This study demonstrated a markedly smaller effect of fluproquazone compared with aspirin on the gastro-intestinal tract and on haemostatic factors. PMID- 6976621 TI - Sales of psychotropic drugs in the Nordic countries. PMID- 6976620 TI - A different approach to sociodemographic predictors of satisfaction with health care. PMID- 6976622 TI - Lay concepts of the sick-role: an examination of the professionalist bias in Parsons' model. PMID- 6976623 TI - Smoking habits and reported illness in two communities with different systems of social support. PMID- 6976624 TI - Galsworthy's images of smoking in The Forsyte Chronicles. PMID- 6976625 TI - Stress among hospital nursing staff: its causes and effects. PMID- 6976626 TI - Pharmacists' knowledge in the area of alcohol, and alcohol and drug interactions. PMID- 6976627 TI - Needs of the elderly in Finland: descriptive results of a national population survey. PMID- 6976628 TI - Patterns of continuing medical education: a generation unit analysis of physicians in three community hospitals. PMID- 6976629 TI - The ideology of the American medical profession: an attribution perspective. PMID- 6976630 TI - Social phenomena and the planning of nutrition education programme. PMID- 6976632 TI - Patient care evaluation in a primary health care programme: the use of tracer conditions as a simple and appropriate technology in health care delivery. PMID- 6976633 TI - Some social aspects of dentistry. PMID- 6976635 TI - Recreational and community activities of dentists. PMID- 6976631 TI - Promoting health through structural change: analysis of the origins and implementation of Norway's farm-food-nutrition policy. PMID- 6976634 TI - Measuring patient satisfaction with dental care. PMID- 6976636 TI - Dentists' preferred sources of new drug information and their attitudes toward the use of drugs by patients. PMID- 6976637 TI - The transfer of preventive health technologies to schools: a focus on implementation. PMID- 6976638 TI - New profession by fiat: Italian dentistry and the European Common Market. PMID- 6976639 TI - Barriers to the promotion of dental health in developing countries. PMID- 6976640 TI - [Hemorrhage following delivery]. PMID- 6976642 TI - Meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type e, biotype 4. PMID- 6976641 TI - Immunodeficiency in children with severe craniofacial anomalies. AB - In immunologic studies of 20 children with severe facial birth defects, all were evaluated for quantity of T and B cells, immunoglobulins, and the third component of complement. Only 18 patients could be evaluated for blastogenesis and 16 for chemotaxis. Forty percent of the children had a decreased quantity of B cells. Eighty-three percent had a decrease in pokeweed-stimulated blastogenesis, and 75% showed decreased levels of one or more immunoglobulins. T cells were decreased in 60% of the patients, while 33% and 28% had decreased phytohemagglutinin stimulated and concanavallin-A-stimulated blastogenesis, respectively. Chemotaxis was diminished in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of 56% and the mononuclear leukocytes of 75% of the patients evaluated. The association of immune abnormalities and facial birth defects may be more common than in presently recognized. PMID- 6976643 TI - [Long-term results of treatment of eosinophilic granuloma in children]. PMID- 6976644 TI - [Inducers of cell differentiation in acute myeloid leukemias]. PMID- 6976645 TI - [In vitro cell cultures in acute leukaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976646 TI - Histopathologic and clinical abnormalities of the respiratory system in chronic hashish smokers. PMID- 6976648 TI - [Age- and sex-specific analysis of dentomaxillofacial measurements in children with normal and abnormal dental findings. 1. Problems concerning norms and variability in the orofacial region]. PMID- 6976649 TI - Thymoma with hypersecretion of thymic hormone. AB - A 78-yr-old patient presented with a malignant thymoma with a predominance of epithelial cells. Lymphocyte markers (E rosettes, T-cell-specific xenoantigen and surface Ig) and electrophoretic studies showed that more than 95% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes were T cells. High levels of circulating thymic factor were repeatedly found before treatment (irradiation and chemotherapy). It is suggested that inappropriate hypersecretion of thymic hormone is responsible or can contribute to the immunological abnormalities found in this patient. PMID- 6976647 TI - Evidence for altered immunoregulation in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6976650 TI - Age-dependent accumulation of thymic hormone-sensitive cells. AB - T-cell subsets were investigated in the thymus and spleen of BALB/c mice from 1 to 9 mth of age. It was found that in both of these organs, the proportion of T cells with a high surface concentration of Thy 1 antigen increased with age. The intensity of the graft-versus-host reaction induced by spleen and lymph node cells in F1 hybrids also increased with age. On the other hand, the response of thymocytes to Con A measured by migration inhibition decreased with age. All of these parameters could be reversed to the 1-mth-old levels by preincubation of the cells with a thymic hormone preparation. This indicates that in the time span under study, the changes observed could be attributed to an accumulation of thymic hormone-sensitive cells. PMID- 6976651 TI - In vitro thymosin effect on T lymphocytes in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Peripheral blood "total" and "avid" T-cell rosettes (ER) were enumerated in 35 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The in vitro effect of thymosin fraction 5 on "avid" ER formation was also determined. "Total" ER numbers, but not proportions, were lower in patients with AS as compared to matched controls, Both the proportion and number of "avid" ER were lower in the patient group. Thymosin induced a significant increase in "avid" ER proportions and numbers in the patient group with no such effect observed in the controls. It is suggested that there are increased numbers of circulating T lymphocytes in patients with AS that can respond to exogenous thymic factors and acquire the capability to form "avid"ER. PMID- 6976652 TI - T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6976653 TI - [Results of removing a crystalline lens dislocated into the vitreous body by a lensectomy method]. PMID- 6976655 TI - [Experience in developing standardized medical documentation for mass population examinations]. PMID- 6976658 TI - Plasma exchange in rheumatoid vasculitis. AB - Vasculitis is an uncommon, extremely debilitating complication of severe, chronic rheumatoid arthritis. High levels of circulating immune complexes along with vascular deposition of immunoglobulins and complement indicate an immune complex mediated disease. No pharmacologic therapy has been completely effective and the incidence of mortality is exceptionally high. This study shows clinical improvement with combination of plasma exchange and cytoxan therapy. We report an association in the conspicuous decline of immune complexes with objective clinical remission in 2 patients who underwent combination therapy. This adjunctive combination therapeutic modality is recommended in the treatment of rheumatoid vasculitis. PMID- 6976656 TI - [Prevention of rheumatism in children]. PMID- 6976657 TI - An investigation into the relationships between serum levels of C3, C4 and CH50. AB - Aliquots of 213 specimens were assayed for C3, C4 and CH50. A graphical presentation of the data was obtained by a block diagram. This showed a generally flat plane with good agreement to quoted normal ranges. Only 2 of 68 specimens with C3 and C4 normal have a low CH50. If either the C3 or C4 is low then the CH50 may be normal or even high, but if both fractions are low then so is the Ch50. A low CH50 can occur with both C3 and C4 in the normal range or even higher. This implicates other complement factors as being deficient with a sufficiently high occurrence rate to require that the CH50 be kept as a routine laboratory procedure. PMID- 6976660 TI - [Malignant schwannoma (malignant neurinoma) of the stomach. Case report]. PMID- 6976654 TI - [Age-related blood lipid levels in healthy persons and rheumatism patients]. PMID- 6976659 TI - Influence of the gut microflora on the metabolism of 4-nitrobenzoic acid in the marmoset. AB - 1. 4-Nitrobenzoic acid was metabolized by the marmoset to amino derivatives to the extent of 18.8% (p.o.) and 11.4% (i.p.) of the dose. 2 Reduction of 4 nitrobenzoic acid was significantly decreased by antibiotic pretreatment; the mean decrease in reduction was 81% for animals doses orally and 73% for intraperitoneally dosed marmosets. 3. 4-Nitrohippuric acid was the major metabolite of 4-nitrobenzoic acid, accounting for 30.6% and 49.6% of p.o. and i.p. doses respectively. 4. Antibiotic pretreatment affected the marmosets' normal capacity to reduce 4-nitrobenzoic acid for many weeks after the initial administration. 5. Maximum radioactivity in the blood, after an oral dose, was reached in 30-40 min; the average half-life for the elimination of 4 nitro[carboxy-14C]benzoic acid and its metabolites was 30.4 +/- 3 min after an intramuscular dose. 6. Radioactivity of 4-nitro[carboxy-14C]benzoic acid representing 3.4% of the dose was excreted in rat bile in 24 h. PMID- 6976662 TI - [Histochemical study of the cholinesterases of various formations of the vertebrate endbrain]. AB - Histochemical studies have been made on true (AChE) and false (BChE) cholinesterases in different parts of the telencephalon of amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The data obtained indicate that the enzymic localization depends on both the level of the development of the brain and phylogenetic age of its individual formations. In the telencephalon of Ambystoma mexicanum, high concentration of AChE was found in vascular-capillary network, in other investigated amphibians (Triturus vulgaris, Rana temporaria) diffuse distribution of AChE of different intensity was observed in ancient formations of the telencephalon (septum and striatum). In reptiles (Eremias arguta, Testudo horsfieldi) undifferentiated diffuse AChE reaction is predominant in ancient parts of the cortex (septum excluded), whereas differentiated cytoplasmic localization is typical of the old and new cortex. In the brain of the lizard high BChE activity was found in the conducting pathways. Mammalian brain (rabbit, guinea pig) exhibits differentiated AChE and BChE reactions in the old and new cortex. PMID- 6976661 TI - [Natriuretic reaction of the vertebrate kidney]. AB - After injection of a 10% solution of NaCl, the kidney of rats, and to a lower extent that of hens, rapidly excretes the excess sodium. Effective sodium excretion in homoiothermic animals is based on high level of glomerular filtration and proximal reabsorption. After injection of a 10% solution of NaCl to the Lamprey Lampetr fluviatilis and frog Rana temporaria, sodiumuretic reaction of the kidney was less evident. During water diuresis, cells of renal tubuli of lampreys, frogs, hens and rats produce high concentration gradient between the blood serum and urine, preventing loss of sodium. In evolution, the kidney was formed presumably as an organ which prevents sodium loss from the organism; this function remains highly effective in all vertebrates, whereas in homoiothermic animals the kidney attains also the capacity for rapid extrusion of excessive sodium. PMID- 6976665 TI - [Features of the manifestations of cellular and humoral immune responses in schizophrenia of different durations]. PMID- 6976663 TI - [Vertigo as one of the symptoms of the initial manifestations of a deficient blood supply to the brain in neurocirculatory dystonias]. AB - In 136 patients aged 17 to 49 years the character of dizziness and the otoneurological symptoms are described. The patients were suffering from neurocirculatory dystonias of the hypo- and hypertensive types. In 124 patients (91.1% of all the cases) objective signs of a vestibular dysfunction were revealed. The greatest part of the patients showed central truncal disturbances the localization of which within the brain trunk could not be specified. In 26 patients the paradoxic phase of the vestibular analyzer excitability was discovered. In 15 patients distinct truncal disturbances (nuclear, supranuclear and combined) were diagnosed, the fact, that gives one grounds to suppose that there are microfocal changes in the central vestibular structures. The data obtained make it possible to regard dizziness as an important symptom for diagnosing initial manifestations of deficient blood supply of the brain. PMID- 6976664 TI - [Plasma and erythrocyte free amino acid concentration in patients in the acute period of an ischemic stroke]. AB - Acute disturbances of the cerebral circulation occupy the leading place in the structure of neurovascular diseases. Studies on metabolic processes in the patients, body in the acute period of the stroke and, particularly, the metabolism of free amino acids enable one to expand our knowledge of the pathogenetic essence of the stroke and its differential diagnosis, and thus to decide on the therapeutic measures to be taken for correcting the disturbed metabolism. Of great interest in this connection are dynamic determinations of the levels and the spectrum of free amino acids in biological fluids. PMID- 6976666 TI - Bursting strength of syngeneic aortic vein grafts in the rat. AB - Mechanical strength of the supradiaphragmatic part of the vena cava transplanted from one rat into the abdominal aorta of another rat of the same inbred strain was studied before transplantation, as well as 3 days and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after transplantation. Bursting pressure was determined by distending the specimens with water at a constant infusion rate. The diameter of the specimens was measured at the moment of burst by a shadow technique, and the wall thickness by a micrometer on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded transverse sections, thus enabling calculation of bursting wall tangential and circular tension. No significant changes in bursting pressure were observed within 2 weeks after transplantation. Three and 4 weeks after transplantation a significant increase in bursting strength was observed. This increase coincided with the increase in collagen concentration previously reported. The previously reported initial decrease in collagen concentration did not, however, result in significant changes in the bursting strength. It is suggested that the increase in the thickness of the vein wall due to the increase of components other than collagen compensates for the loss of collagen. PMID- 6976667 TI - Regional, portal hypertension in chronic pancreatitis. AB - Because of a close anatomical relationship to the splenic vein chronic pancreatitis can cause obstruction to the splenic outflow. Regional portal hypertension develops and collateral flow sometimes gives rise to gastric and oesophageal varices which can cause life-threatening bleeding. Three cases with regional portal hypertension secondary to chronic pancreatitis are presented. Two of them were treated with surgical splenectomy and the third had an embolization of the splenic artery. Regional portal hypertension should be suspected in a patient with a history of chronic pancreatitis who is bleeding from gastric of oesophageal varices. The treatment of choice is surgical splenectomy. In high risk patients embolization of the splenic artery can be tried. PMID- 6976668 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding caused by haemosuccus pancreaticus. A presentation of two cases. AB - Two cases of gastro-intestinal bleeding due to haemosuccus pancreaticus (hemorrhage through the pancreatic duct) are presented. Both patients had hematemesis and melena in combination with epigastric pain and hyperamylasemia. Angiography revealed aneurysms of the splenic artery as the probable source of bleeding. Central ligation of the splenic artery with splenectomy cured both patients. Angiographic obliteration of the splenic aneurysm was used preoperatively in one case. PMID- 6976669 TI - Primary malignant lymphoma of the duodenum. Case report. AB - Primary malignant lymphoma located in the duodenum is a rarity. A case where such a tumor made its debut with massive gastro-intestinal bleeding is reported here. Treatment consisted of emergency subtotal pancreaticoduodenectomy followed by antineoplastic chemotherapy for one year. At one year follow-up examination there were no signs of recurrence. PMID- 6976670 TI - Fine structural changes in tadpole oocytes after heat treatment. PMID- 6976671 TI - Transplacental effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and of 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on the limb skeleton of fetuses and offspring rats. AB - The transplacental effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and of 24,25(OH)2D3 on bone formation in rat fetuses and pups have been investigated. Pregnant rats treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 or with 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 showed hypercalcemia, while those treated with 24,25(OH)2D3 did not. Fetal weight was markedly reduced by treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 and not with 24,25(OH)2D3 or with a combination of both metabolites. Microscopical examination of fetal long bones showed after treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 a marked reduction in diaphysial length. Diaphyseal trabeculae were thin and disorganized. The epiphysis had a thinner layer of hypertrophic and calcified cartilage. The numbers of osteoclasts in the diaphysis and metaphysis were the same as in controls. Treatment with 24,25(OH)2D3 did not affect fetal bone length; many bone trabeculae were found in the diaphyseal cavity leaving small bone marrow spaces; the number of osteoclasts in the metaphysis and in the diaphysis was increased. All changes in the skeleton disappeared during the first week after birth. It can be suggested that high doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibit bone formation and maturation of cartilage. The addition of 24,25(OH)2D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 seemed to reduce the toxic effects of the latter on the fetal skeleton. These results point to a definite difference between the action of high doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 on fetal bone. PMID- 6976672 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in acute idiopathic optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. AB - Lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohaemagglutinin, measles antigen and tuberculin and the absolute numbers of circulating T and SIg+ cells were determined in 16 patients with acute idiopathic optic neuritis (ON), 42 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 78 healthy controls. Patients with acute ON showed impaired lymphocyte transformation responses in both autologous plasma and AB serum similar in extent to those seen in MS patients in relapse. They were not associated with a reduced total number of circulating T cells. PMID- 6976674 TI - Methotrexate in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of children treated with intermediate dose methotrexate. AB - Serious complications can follow treatment with intermediate dose methotrexate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. Toxicity has been shown to be correlated to plasma methotrexate concentrations. During intravenous infusions of methotrexate (500 mg/m2) the mean concentrations achieved 1 to 41/2 hours after the start of infusion were 1.3 X 10(-7) mol/l in cerebrospinal fluid and 1.7 X 10(-5) mol/l in plasma. At 72 hours after start of methotrexate infusion, plasma methotrexate concentrations were significantly higher in cases with symptoms of toxicity. In all the children who developed toxic symptoms 72-hour plasma methotrexate concentration was above 1 X 10(-7) mol/l. Assuming that leucovorin is given 48 hours after the start of methotrexate infusion, 72-hour plasma methotrexate is suitable for detection of patients at risk for toxicity. In children treated with intermediate dose methotrexate we therefore recommend estimating plasma methotrexate concentration 72 hours after the start of infusion, and instituting supplementary leucovorin when plasma methotrexate concentration exceeds 1 X 10(-7) mol/l. PMID- 6976673 TI - The dysrhythmia and the exponential constants of the postrotatory nystagmus qualities. AB - In 5 healthy individuals the postrotatory, exponential constants were estimated for each of the four nystagmus qualities, viz. the velocities and durations of fast and slow components. The residual spread (Sr) of each quality in a semilogarithmic plot was also determined. The value of the constant for postrotatory decay indicated a decrease of the velocity and an increase for the duration of the slow component, both with a significant difference between individuals, while for the corresponding values of the fast components no systematic change in the postrotatory reactions was indicated, nor any difference between individuals. The constant that corresponds to the value at maximum stimulus showed differences between individuals for each of the four nystagmus qualities, while Sr presented differences between individuals only for the two slow phase qualities. This technique to describe postrotatory nystagmus reactions by the two exponential constants for each of the four nystagmus qualities together with the residual spread for each of the qualities is intended for future 'on-line' nystagmus analysis. PMID- 6976675 TI - Placental transfer of maternal anti-rabbit IgG causing falsely elevated TSH levels in neonates. AB - Two infants were found to have markedly increased TSH levels, 104 and 154 mU/l of plasma, respectively, in a routine screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism. THe recall limit used was 50 mU/l of plasma. On follow-up, both infants were clinically euthyroid and had normal serum T4 and T3. The elevated TSH levels were confirmed only with some commercial radioimmunoassay kits--but not with others. Similar results were obtained in TSH assays of samples from their mothers, who had no other biochemical or clinical evidence of thyroid dysfunction. Both mothers had intense contact with rabbits over long periods. The apparent TSH activity was found to be associated with the IgG fraction. It was neutralized by the addition of normal rabbit serum to the samples and was caused by antibodies to rabbit immunoglobulin. The activity was eliminated from the circulation of both infants with a half-life of approximately one month. Apparently, the heterophilic antibodies were of maternal origin and were transferred to the foetus via the placenta. Infants with so-called transient hyperthyrotropinaemia identified in screening programmes have to be reevaluated to exclude false TSH elevations of this type. PMID- 6976676 TI - Investigation of the mechanisms and consequences of transient myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 6976677 TI - Sudden loss of cochlear and vestibular function. PMID- 6976678 TI - Sudden unilateral loss of vestibular function. PMID- 6976679 TI - Provoked vestibular nystagmus and caloric reactions after sudden loss of vestibular function. PMID- 6976681 TI - [A property of the photopic monochromatic ERG in congenital color blindness (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976680 TI - [Existence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for human melanoma cells in Vogt Koyanagi-Harada disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976682 TI - [The binding protein and 25(OH) vitamin D measurement (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976685 TI - Traumatic presacral hemorrhage: angiographic diagnosis and therapy. AB - Presacral hemorrhage commonly accompanies fractures of the posterior pelvic ring. The source of this bleeding is the fractured cancellous bone and supporting ligamentous structures of the sacrum and sacroiliac joint. The radiologic appearance is of granular and punctate contrast accumulations due to extravasation from the iliolumbar and lateral sacral branches of the hypogastric artery. This bleeding can be controlled by small particle embolotherapy provided care is taken not to bypass the posterior division of the hypogastric artery. PMID- 6976684 TI - Noninvasive testing for carotid artery stenosis: II. Clinical application of accuracy assessments. AB - Determination of the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of diagnostic tests usually identifies the value of the tests in isolation, but the clinical significance of the findings is less clear. In this study the accuracies of direct continuous wave color-coded Doppler imaging (DDI), periorbital directional Doppler ultrasonography (PDDU), and oculoplethysmography-carotid phonangiography (OPG-CPA) were calculated for each examination alone and in combination with others for 176 patients who had been studied by all three noninvasive methods for suspected extracranial carotid arterial disease. When evaluated alone, DDI yielded the highest accuracy, 94%. In 89% of the population, DDI agreed with at least one of the other two tests. When this occurred, the majority finding was correct 98%. When DDI disagreed with the other two tests (11% of cases), it was correct in only 50%. These findings suggest a clinical approach which would minimize testing while achieving a high accuracy for most patients and identifying those patients whose carotid status could not be discerned with these studies. PMID- 6976686 TI - Computed tomographic scanning in children: II. An updated comparison of radiation dose and resolving power of commercial scanners. AB - Surface and internal radiation doses for abdominal CT of children were determined using child-sized phantoms and seven commercial models of CT body scanners. High contrast resolving power and low contrast discrimination for each scanner were determined simultaneously with radiation dose measurements and the results were compared with those from a similar study conducted in 1977 with earlier CT models. The average circumferential surface doses for simulated pediatric CT body examinations were 31% lower in this study compared to 1977 results, with a mean of 1.5 rad (0.015 Gy) vs. 2.2 rad (0.022 Gy) respectively. At the same time, resolving power for high (12%) contrast improved by 31% to a mean of 1.38 mm from 2.00 mm. All scanners in the present study could resolve low contrast differences of 1/4% for a 5 mm object. PMID- 6976683 TI - Limited usefulness of aortic arch angiography in the evaluation of carotid occlusive disease. AB - The role of aortic arch angiography in the evaluation of cerebral ischemic disease is not well defined. In an attempt to develop guidelines for its optimal use, a prospective study of 100 patients with carotid distribution ischemic events was undertaken. Each patient underwent bilateral selective carotid angiography followed by arch aortography. In only two of the cases did the arch examination affect patient management. In the other individuals, the arch study either added no clinically useful information (69), or demonstrated abnormalities that did not affect patient care (29). The findings of this study support the use of arch aortography only in those patients who have surgical lesions demonstrated by the selective carotid examinations. PMID- 6976689 TI - Direct radiographic magnification: evaluation of three microfocus x-ray tubes. AB - Three microfocus x-ray tubes (RSI, Siemens, and Eimac) were evaluated for their focal and imaging characteristics. The RSI and Siemens focal spots had similar homogeneous radiation intensity distributions. The Eimac tube had an asymmetric intensity distribution. Because of their focal spot characteristics, the RSI and Siemens tubes provided superior magnification radiographs for small objects. The Siemens and Eimac tubes were preferable for magnification of thick objects because their larger object-film air gap reduced scattered radiation reaching the film. PMID- 6976688 TI - Problems with contrast-detail curves for CT performance evaluation. AB - Contrast-detail curves have been used frequently to describe the low contrast performance characteristics of computed tomography (CT) scanners. However, such curves can produce misleading conclusions if the effects of all variables influencing CT images are not considered. As shown in this experimental study, improperly designed contrast-detail curves disguise differences in CT performance when the same object is imaged with different x-ray spectra. These problems arise because contrast is defined as the difference in system-dependent CT numbers rather than the actual difference in the object. An alternate approach to CT performance evaluation using "difference-detail" curves is offered. PMID- 6976687 TI - Percutaneous drainage of postoperative intraabdominal abscesses. AB - Twenty-two major intraabdominal abscesses in 19 postoperative patients were drained percutaneously using cross-sectional imaging techniques (computed tomography and sonography) for localization. Sixteen lesions were cured in 14 patients without reexploration. All patients were palliated by the percutaneous drainage procedure. All 22 abscess cavities were entered without complication or compromise of adjacent normal organs. Percutaneous abscess drainage is recommended as a safe, effective method of treating a major intraabdominal abscess in the postoperative patient. PMID- 6976691 TI - Left renal vein varix simulating a pancreatic pseudocyst by sonography. PMID- 6976690 TI - Serum sickness following streptokinase therapy. PMID- 6976692 TI - Carcinoma of the ileum simulating Crohn disease. PMID- 6976693 TI - Contained rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms: sonographic and CT diagnosis. PMID- 6976694 TI - Balloon catheter occlusion of bronchopleural fistulae. PMID- 6976695 TI - Gallium uptake in lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the lung. PMID- 6976696 TI - Tophaceous pseudogout. PMID- 6976698 TI - Percutaneous biliary drainage: technical and catheter-related problems in 200 procedures. AB - Analysis of 200 consecutive percutaneous biliary drainages revealed critical technical and clinical components not previously emphasized. In this series, successful drainage was achieved in 188 (94%) of 200 instances, and 67 (36%) of the 188 patients were discharged from the hospital without formal surgical exploration. Severe acute periprocedural complications occurred in 16 (8%) of the 200 procedures (death, three cases; septicemia, seven; and bleeding, six). Minor periprocedural complications occurred in 39 (20%) of the 200 instances (postprocedural fever, 21; hemobilia, 18). Significant delayed in-hospital complications with catheter function occurred in 22% of procedures (postclamping cholangitis, 36; catheter leaking eight). In outpatients under chronic catheter care, complications including inadvertent catheter dislodgment, tube obstruction, and cholangitis occurred at least once in most patients. Details of the etiology, prevention, and management of these major and minor complications are outlined. PMID- 6976699 TI - Conversion from small (0.018 inch) to large (0.038 inch) guide wires in percutaneous drainage procedures. PMID- 6976700 TI - Stereoscopic spot filming in arthrography. PMID- 6976697 TI - Congenital intraspinal neuroblastoma: a treatable simulant of myelodysplasia. PMID- 6976701 TI - The fluid-filled stomach as an acoustic window to the left kidney. PMID- 6976703 TI - Reflections. PMID- 6976702 TI - The metric system, standards and the angiographer. PMID- 6976704 TI - Significance in statistical analysis of data. PMID- 6976705 TI - Biparietal and fetal body diameters. PMID- 6976706 TI - Lymphatic obstruction: a possible explanation for left-sided pleural effusions associated with splenic hematomas. PMID- 6976707 TI - Metrizamide myelography by the lumbar route. PMID- 6976708 TI - Percutaneous biliary drainage in the management of biliary sepsis. AB - Percutaneous biliary drainage was performed in 18 patients with biliary sepsis due to acute obstructive cholangitis and postoperative complications. Internal drainage could be established in 78% of patients, and 22% were managed on external drainage. Nine patients were managed on long-term internal drainage, six underwent uneventful surgery after successful percutaneous decompression, and three died as a result of septic shock. Percutaneous biliary drainage procedures can be lifesaving in biliary sepsis. Once infection and the hyperbilirubinemia are controlled, rational therapy plans can be formulated on the basis of the anatomy and natural history of the underlying disease. PMID- 6976709 TI - Double duct sign: reassessed significance in ERCP. AB - The double duct sign, defined as an abnormality of both the pancreatic duct and the contiguous part of intrapancreatic common bile duct, was found in 52 of 1180 patients studied by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Thirty patients were proved to have pancreatic malignancy and 22, benign pancreatic disease. Specific ductal characteristics found to indicate a malignant process were ductal obstruction, especially of the common bile duct, close proximity of the biductal lesions, a short stenotic segment of the common bile duct removed from the papilla, an abrupt, irregular transition from normal to stenotic or obstructed duct. Ductal characteristics suggesting a benign process were long length of common bile duct stenosis, calcium deposits, pseudocyst formation, and ectasia of pancreatic ductal branches central to the main duct lesion. This analysis indicates that the double duct sign per se is not disease specific, but when other ductal characteristics are assessed as a component of this finding, the ability to differentiate benign from malignant pancreatic disease is enhanced. PMID- 6976710 TI - Hypertensive urogram: a nondiscriminatory test for renovascular hypertension. AB - Evidence has accumulated from clinical experience that the hypertensive urogram is not a satisfactory screening test for differentiating hypertension due to renal artery stenosis from essential hypertension. This is contrary to the conclusion reached in the report of the Cooperative Study published in 1972. The present investigation was done to: (1) reassess the value of the hypertensive urogram on the basis of experience at a single institution and (2) to reassess the validity of the Cooperative Study conclusions. In 197 patients operated on at the University of Michigan for renal artery stenosis during 1961-1977, the true positive rate for hypertensive urography for prediction of surgical cure or improvement was 60.2%. In 131 patients undergoing hypertensive urography in 1977, the incidence of positive examinations in screening was 0.8%. The chance for a favorable surgical outcome in hypertensive patients having positive hypertensive urograms is now calculated as 24%, rather than 50% as stated in the Cooperative Study. Reanalysis of the Cooperative Study data also shows that the false negative rate for screening is at least 21.8%, rather than 1.7%. A screening strategy fo choosing patients for renal arteriography and surgery on the basis of clinical factors and excluding urography is presented. PMID- 6976711 TI - Renal subcapsular rim sign: new etiologies and pathogenesis. AB - Two prior reports have described a cortical rim sign associated with renal infarction from acute renal artery obstruction. This paper adds four additional cases of a thin outer (subcapsular) cortical nephrogram due to renal vein thrombosis (two cases), acute tubular necrosis (one case), and renal artery embolization (one case). An acute vascular compromise from differing etiologic mechanisms appears to be the common denominator of the rim nephrogram. The nephrogram probably represents an intact subcapsular renal cortex (2-4 mm thick) perfused by the perirenal capsular collateral circulation. To date, the rim nephrogram has been visible only on high dose nephrotomography. Its smooth inner margin is sufficiently distinct to differentiate it from the shell nephrogram of severe hydronephrosis. PMID- 6976713 TI - Radiographic detection of mobilizable lung water: the gravitational shift test. AB - A radiographic method for detecting excessive lung water in patients with pulmonary infiltrates of uncertain cause is described. The gravitational shift test uses bedside frontal films before and after prolonged lateral decubitus positioning. Excess lung water is identified by detecting a shift in infiltrate to the dependent lung while the opposite side clears or remains stable. The test was evaluated in 33 patients with infiltrates of well defined etiology. Twelve patients had heart failure or fluid overload (edema): 14 had pulmonary infection or parenchymal damage (inflammation); and seven had inflammation plus edema. Infiltrates shifted to the dependent lung in 85% of patients with lung edema, but did not shift in 78% of patients with inflammatory disease. The test also detected excess lung water in six of seven patients with underlying inflammatory disease. Each patient with a positive test showed clinical, physiologic, and radiographic improvement after therapy directed at mobilizing excessive lung water. When the differential diagnosis of a diffuse infiltrate is in question, a positive test represents a strong indication for a trial of diuretic therapy. PMID- 6976712 TI - Medullary nephrocalcinosis: sonographic evaluation. PMID- 6976714 TI - Fine-needle biopsy of hamartomas of the lung. AB - Hamartomas are unexpectedly detected in asymptomatic patients, in mass surveys, general health examinations, and chest radiographs for other reasons. They often present a difficult problem both for the radiologist and the referring clinician, as their differentiation from lung carcinoma or a metastasis may be impossible by radiography. Although the typical radiographic appearance of a well circumscribed, solitary, lobulated nodule smaller than 4 cm in diameter with popcorn calcification permits confident recognition, most hamartomas present as noncharacteristic nodules. Some authors, therefore, recommend thoracotomy for a definitive diagnosis. Needle biopsy was helpful in this study for diagnosis in 61 cases. In 42 cases, one procedure requiring two or three punctures was sufficient to obtain the diagnosis; in 17, two procedures (one to three punctures) were required; and in two, three procedures were necessary. Of 61 cases, surgery was performed in 20. The histology of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis except in two cases, in which a benign fibroma and a benign chemodectoma were found. The 5 year follow-up of the 41 cases not operated on showed no evidence of malignancy. PMID- 6976716 TI - Pulmonary metastases in neuroblastoma. AB - Manifestations of pulmonary metastases were reviewed in a retrospective study of 30 patients with the autopsy diagnosis of neuroblastoma seen over a 25 year period. Seven patients with histologic evidence of pulmonary metastases are reported. Radiologic manifestations included examples of direct extension, hematogenous spread, and lymphangitic spread. Two patients with lymphangitic pulmonary metastases had clinically significant respiratory distress. Pulmonary spread in neuroblastoma represents widely disseminated metastatic diseases and is a grave prognostic sign. PMID- 6976715 TI - Benign molar pregnancies: pulmonary complications. AB - Cardiopulmonary dysfunction has been observed after the removal of benign hydatidiform mole. Of 60 cases reviewed with benign trophoblastic disease, five developed respiratory complications. Two patients developed pulmonary edema that progressed to adult respiratory distress syndrome. Autopsy of two patients showed no evidence of pulmonary trophoblastic emboli. Possible etiologies for the pulmonary findings, including trophoblastic emboli, hypervolemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and hyperthyroidism, are discussed. PMID- 6976717 TI - Radiologic evaluation of surgical cervical spine fusion. AB - Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative radiologic evaluation of surgical cervical spine fusion plays an integral part in the management of cervical spine injuries. The radiographic anatomy of the basic types of anterior, posterior, and combined fusions and the indications for their performance are discussed. A retrospective review of 210 consecutive cervical spine fusions showed a 21.1% radiographic complication rate for anterior fusions and only 3.9% for posterior fusions. The high complication rate of anterior fusions is related to the performance of anterior fusion in the presence of unrecognized posterior instability. Radiographically identified complications must be correlated with the clinical neurologic examination in each case since the spectrum of radiographic complications may be compatible with a clinically satisfactory result. PMID- 6976718 TI - Radiographic evaluation of rib fractures. AB - A prospective study of 100 radiographs performed for possible rib fracture due to blunt trauma was conducted to determine if some of the films routinely obtained should be eliminated for medical or economic reasons. Of the 100 patients evaluated for fracture, 29 fractures were detected radiographically. The physical findings of fracture are seen to be nonspecific, and the clinical impression of the likelihood of fracture is unreliable. Therapy is symptomatic, aimed at relief of pain, and except for the complications of fractures, therapy does not differ significantly in patients with and without fractures. The complications of fractures that may influence therapy were seen in 13 of the 29 patients with fractures. All 13 complications were detected by the posteroanterior chest film while only three were seen on the rib films. Radiographs obtained solely to detect fractures are not warranted, but a posteroanterior chest film is necessary to assess pleural or pulmonary complication of chest trauma. PMID- 6976719 TI - Computed tomography of the paraspinal musculature: normal and pathologic anatomy. PMID- 6976720 TI - Benefits of embolization without surgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. AB - Embolization may be the primary and exclusive treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. To evaluate its benefits, a group of 27 patients was studied for the incidence of hemorrhages, headaches, seizures, and neurologic deficits, both before and after Silastic sphere embolization. Questionnaires to patients and physicians were used. Embolization was found to decrease the frequency of headaches in most patients with this symptom, but had no effect on the frequency of seizures when patients in whom medical therapy was altered were excluded nor on the progression or incidence of neurologic signs and symptoms. The effect of embolization on the incidence of recurrent hemorrhages is as yet undetermined. PMID- 6976722 TI - Thymoma detection by mediastinal CT: patient with myasthenia gravis. AB - The precise role of computed tomography (CT) in evaluating the mediastinum for thymomas in patients with myasthenia gravis is not defined. The only published CT accuracy assessment reports a false-positive rate of 90%. Mediastinal CT was performed in 23 consecutive unselected patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent thymectomy independent of their neurologic status or diagnostic imaging results. Four patients had discrete thymomas; all were detected by CT. Conventional chest radiography and tomography were positive in three and falsely negative in one. In the remaining 19 patients with a normal or atrophic thymus or microscopic hyperplasia, CT was falsely positive in two; conventional chest radiography and tomography were falsely positive in three. Mediastinal CT is an accurate technique for evaluation of thymoma in patients with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6976723 TI - Importance of initial mediastinal adenopathy in Hodgkin disease. AB - The importance of initial mediastinal disease was studied retrospectively in 189 patients with stages I, II, and III Hodgkin disease treated at the M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute between 1969 and 1976. Stages I and II patients with mediastinal disease at presentation had an 88% 5 year survival rate compared with a 98% survival rate for those without mediastinal disease. Disease-free survival was 66% versus 78%. Stage III patients with and without initial mediastinal disease showed essentially the same 5 year survival rate (75% versus 78%), but showed a lower disease-free survival of 60% in those with mediastinal disease as compared with 74% in those without mediastinal disease. Because of the prognostic importance of mediastinal disease and its extent at initial presentation, computed tomography is recommended to evaluate patients with low neck or supraclavicular adenopathy in whom there is no obvious mediastinal adenopathy and in all Hodgkin disease patients in whom there is questionable mediastinal disease or suggestion of lung extension on routine radiographs. Treatment plans have been altered to include chemotherapy and low-dose irradiation to the lungs in those patients with mediastinal mass diameters of 7.5 cm or greater, regardless of stage. PMID- 6976721 TI - Fractures of first and second ribs: predictive value for arterial and bronchial injury. AB - Fractures of the first and second ribs had a very low association with ruptured bronchus (2%) and ruptured aorta or brachiocephalic vessel (8%) in a series of 50 patients. Radiographic abnormalities indicative of ruptured bronchus include massive pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, and lobar or whole lung collapse which may fall to the dependent part of the thorax on erect views. Abnormalities pointing to a laceration of the aorta or one of the brachiocephalic vessels include widening of the superior mediastinum, shift of the trachea or nasogastric tube to the right, enlargement or indistinctness of the aortic knob, and widening of the right paraspinal line. One or more of these abnormalities indicates the need for thoracic aortography. In the absence of these abnormalities, aortography is not indicated solely by the presence of a first or second rib fracture on the chest radiograph. PMID- 6976724 TI - Pulmonary artery occlusion due to histoplasmosis. AB - Histoplasma mediastinitis with complete or partial pulmonary artery obstruction due to compression and/or intraluminal granuloma was diagnosed in five patients and surgically verified in two. The patients, ages 12-27 years, had cough, dyspnea (four cases), and hemoptysis (two cases). Radionuclide imaging showed unilateral absence of pulmonary perfusion and minimal diminution of ventilation. Differentiation of this inflammatory process from other causes of ventilation perfusion mismatch, for example, congenital hypoplasia and certain acquired causes of arterial obstruction, especially thromboembolism, may be possible by correlating radiographs, laminograms, and clinical history. Angiography can delineate the extent of perfusion impairment and may suggest its cause. PMID- 6976725 TI - Liver abscess: sonography in diagnosis and treatment. AB - Over 24 months, 22 patients with intrahepatic abscesses were diagnosed by sonography. The sonographic appearance of the abscesses was nonspecific and varied from anechoic lesions to highly echogenic solid masses. Septations, fluid fluid interfaces, and debris were also observed. In 19 of 22 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed by needle aspiration. Subsequently, 12 patients were treated with percutaneous catheter drainage; in 10 patients this therapy obviated the need for further surgery. PMID- 6976727 TI - Sensitivity of single- vs. double-contrast radiology in erosive gastritis. AB - Radiologic sensitivity was determined in 54 patients with endoscopically diagnosed erosive gastritis. Four (24%) of 17 cases examined by single-contrast radiography and 16 (43%) of 37 cases examined by double-contrast radiography were detected. Double-contrast views and compression filming were both equally effective in diagnosing erosive gastritis during examinations where both were used. Although double-contrast examinations were more effective than single contrast studies, both radiologic methods demonstrated poor sensitivity in detecting erosive gastritis. PMID- 6976726 TI - Sonography of splenic abscess. AB - Gray-scale sonographic examination was performed in seven cases of splenic and parasplenic abscess. The splenic abscesses appeared as irregular, poorly defined anechoic masses with varying internal echogenicity and acoustical transmission. Increased echogenicity and distal acoustical shadowing due to gas within the abscess were also noted. Gray-scale sonography was instrumental in the diagnosis of splenic abscess in this group of patients whose symptomatology was of uncertain etiology. PMID- 6976728 TI - Radiographic abnormalities after gastric bypass. AB - Postoperative radiographic findings in the gastrointestinal tract were analyzed in 43 of 72 patients with gastric bypass for morbid obesity. In 15 patients studied because of early postoperative vomiting or abdominal pain, two showed leak from the proximal gastric pouch and six showed impairment of proximal pouch emptying at the anastomosis or proximal efferent loop. In four of the six, the impaired emptying was due to transient postoperative edema and improved spontaneously. Three patients had impairment of distal gastric pouch emptying due to pylorospasm. Five patients studied in the late postoperative period showed dehiscence of the gastric staple line, which can be difficult to demonstrate radiographically. Familiarity with the normal and the abnormal radiographic appearance after gastric bypass is important in elucidating the nature of the problems that can arise after this operation. PMID- 6976729 TI - In vitro dissolution of gallstones: comparison of monooctanoin, sodium dehydrocholate, heparin, and saline. AB - A new gallstone solvent, monooctanoin, was tested in vitro on gallstones from 43 patients and compared with heparin, sodium dehydrocholate, and saline. Monooctanoin proved to be an excellent solvent, far superior to the other agents. It can completely dissolve or substantially reduce the size of most gallstones (except those composed of bilirubinate) in a relatively short time. Monooctanoin has been used on the bile duct stones in humans with favorable results. It can often eliminate the need for basket extraction of retained bile duct calculi. Potentially, it may be used to dissolve bile duct or gallbladder calculi in patients who are poor surgical risks. PMID- 6976730 TI - Dynamic cholecystosonography of the contracted gallbladder: the double-arc-shadow sign. AB - In 41 of 55 patients in whom the gallbladder lumen was not identified by static sonography, a specific image was observed with dynamic scanning. This consisted of two parallel arcuate echogenic lines separated by a thin anechoic space with distal acoustic shadowing: the "double-arc-shadow" sign. The proximal arc represents the near wall of the gallbladder, the anechoic space is bile in the gallbladder lumen, and the distal arc represents the gallstone(s) responsible for the acoustic shadowing. Of the two additional sonographic patterns observed, the "'echo-shadow" pattern, which was seen with static scanning in 44 and with dynamic scanning in eight patients was an accurate, indirect indicator for cholelithiasis. On the other hand, "nonvisualization" was an unreliable sign. Of 11 such patients scanned with static and six with dynamic scanning, four proved to have a normal gallbladder. Comparing static with dynamic cholecystosonography in patients with nonphysiologically contracted gallbladders, the accuracy rate for cholelithiasis increased from 86.3% (44 of 51 patients) to 96% (49 of 51). In 41 of these patients (80%) the double-arc-shadow pattern positively identified the gallbladder lumen, increasing the confidence of the examiner. Furthermore, these images can be produced in a fraction of the time required for complete evaluation with static scanning. PMID- 6976731 TI - Digital subtraction angiography of peripheral vascular bypass procedures. AB - Without premedication or special preparation, digital video subtraction angiography, also known as photoelectronic intravenous angiography, was effectively used for evaluating patients who had undergone peripheral vascular reconstructive procedures. Thirty-eight studies in 20 patients were performed using computer contrast enhancement after an intravenous injection. Patency of arterial grafts was thereby evaluated, thus obviating further routine angiography. Graft patency, even of small complex graft sites, was easily recognized. Occlusions were also readily identified. Patient acceptance was excellent since the procedure is almost painless and can be done on an outpatient basis. The technique is fast, safe, and less expensive than routine angiography. PMID- 6976732 TI - Acute hypocalcemic effects of clinical contrast media injections. AB - A decrease in free ionic calcium levels has been reported in the coronary sinus after coronary artery injections of small doses (9 ml) of radiographic contrast media, but there were no studies of the systemic effects of larger doses of medium. Therefore, the acute effects of two commonly used radiographic contrast media on calcium metabolism were studied in nine patients undergoing angiography and five patients undergoing computed tomography. Free ionic calcium (Ca++) in serum was measured by ion-specific electrode, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone by a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay. Infusion of Renografin or Reno-M DIP acutely lowered serum Ca++ and produced an immediate increase in parathyroid hormone in each patient studied. Serum Ca++ fell to or below the lower limit of normal in about half the patients. The changes in Ca++ and parathyroid hormone were 2.5- to 4.5-fold greater than those observed after rapid infusion of equal or larger volumes of normal saline. In vitro, the contrast media had no direct effect on the parathyroid hormone assay, but reduced the Ca++ concentration of aqueous calcium solutions by about the amount predicted from their content of disodium edetate and sodium citrate. Contrast agents that contain divalent cation chelators should be used with care in patients in whom a fall in free ionic calcium might have detrimental effects. PMID- 6976733 TI - Therapeutic Ivalon embolization of hepatic tumors. AB - Ivalon particles were used for 80 hepatic artery embolizations in 50 patients who had either primary or metastatic hepatic neoplasms. Ten patients died within 1-5 months and the remaining 40 patients were still alive. The post-hepatic embolization syndrome was identical to that following Gelfoam embolization. Follow-up hepatic angiography in 20 patients revealed tumor response to embolization in 17 patients. Ivalon particles were easier to use and caused more peripheral and persistent occlusion than Gelfoam. The results suggest that Ivalon particles were safe and feasible for hepatic artery embolization. PMID- 6976734 TI - Femoral artery spasm in children: catheter size is the principal cause. AB - The incidence of femoral artery spasm and subsequent thrombosis complicating angiography is greater in children than adults. This study was designed to assess femoral artery spasm and to determine its causes in children. In 100 unselected, consecutive infants and children undergoing left heart angiocardiography by the Seldinger technique, angiography of the femoral artery was performed to include the puncture site after completion of angiocardiography. Arterial spasm was quantified and, with mathematical analysis, related to various clinical and angiographic factors. Some degree of arterial spasm was noted in 62% of all cases; it was more frequent and severe in neonates. Although it was more intense in the infant with a small femoral artery, analysis of the data indicates that patient age, weight, length of catheterization, size of femoral artery, and catheter size have only minimal relative importance in the occurrence and severity of arterial spasm. The most important factor in spasm is the relative size of catheter to artery. PMID- 6976736 TI - Volume averaging limitations of computed tomography. AB - A simple volume averaging model was shown to be inadequate for predicting effective computed tomographic attenuation values of mixtures of bone or air with soft tissue. Computed tomographic values derived from scanning stratified sub slice thickness objects were shown theoretically and experimentally to have a non linear dependency on relative fractional content and a surprisingly large dependency on spatial extent of the stratified substances. The mode was applied to the problem of computed tomographic values in thin, flat structures such as pools of blood in the subarachnoid space. The results show only small deviations from simple volume averaging theory for layers of low contrast substances such as blood and soft tissue, but potentially large deviations for layers of substances with high contrast differences such as bone, air, and tissue. This phenomenon explains certain artifacts and demonstrates rather fundamental problems in the accuracy of analytic reconstruction techniques. It may justify postprocessing correction or iterative approaches. PMID- 6976735 TI - High frequency CT findings within 24 hours after cerebral infarction. AB - Twenty-six patients with clinically documented acute cerebral infarction were evaluated by computed tomography within the first 24 hr. In 21 patients, subtle mass effects and/or focal areas of decreased attenuation corresponding to areas of clinical deficit were demonstrated. Enhancement occurred in only five of 15 infarctions rescanned after contrast administration. In three of these, the region of infarction became isodense after contrast administration. In a patient with multifocal infarcts, enhancement was the only clue to infarction in one focus. The improved spatial and contrast resolution of current generation scanners appears to have significantly increased the sensitivity of computed tomography in demonstrating acute cerebral infarction and has important clinical application. PMID- 6976737 TI - Renal imaging with dual energy projection radiography. AB - Applications of dual energy radiography to renal imaging were evaluated using an experimental system for line-scanned projection radiography. This system combines digital radiographs simultaneously obtained at two differing x-ray energies (85 and 135 kVp) to create images in which materials of a desired mean atomic number are selectively cancelled. A preliminary evaluation of the technique was performed for three renal imaging problems: detection and characterization of renal masses of low radiographic contrast, evaluation of renal artery stenosis and unilateral renal ischemia, and detection of renal calculi. In all three applications, the dual energy technique produced results indicating potential advantages over conventional radiographic studies. PMID- 6976739 TI - Volume determinations using computed tomography. AB - Computed tomography potentially offers the most accurate noninvasive means of estimating in vivo volumes. Contiguous 1-cm-thick CT scans were obtained through phantoms, dog kidneys in vivo, and human spleens before splenectomy. Cross sectional areas were calculated for each individual scan and volumes then determined with each of four mathematical integration techniques. Volume estimations were compared to volumes determined by water displacement. The simplest, most practical means of calculating volumes, using the summation-of areas technique with scans obtained at 2 cm intervals, was similar in accuracy to more complex methods. The mean percentage error of volume calculations using the sum-of-areas technique was 4.95% for five immobile phantoms, 3.86% for eight dog kidneys, 3.59% for eight human spleens in vivo at 1 cm scan spacing, and 3.65% for the same human spleens at 2 cm scan spacings. Difficulties in visual recognition and manual tracking of object boundaries seem to be more significant sources of error than patient-related factors. PMID- 6976738 TI - Transient ureteral obstruction after ureteral stenting. AB - Transient distal ureteral edema and obstruction have been recognized complications of retrograde ureteral catheterization for years. Similar changes in the proximal ureter may be induced by antegrade (percutaneous) ureteral intubation and are being more widely recognized as radiologists become more involved in upper urinary tract percutaneous manipulative procedures. Marked mucosal edema of the ureter was observed in four patients who had percutaneously placed, in-dwelling stent catheters. This was severe enough to produce transient ureteral obstruction after stent removal in two. Some degree of mucosal edema may be seen in most patients with in-dwelling stents. These ureteral changes may be secondary to the pressure effect of large diameter catheters on the proximal and midureter. Temporary proximal urinary diversion should be maintained until the edematous changes improve or subside, usually within 5-8 days. PMID- 6976740 TI - Nonneoplastic breast calcifications in lipid cysts: development after excision and primary irradiation. AB - Calcified lipid-filled cysts were observed in mammograms of three patients after limited surgery and primary therapeutic radiation for mammary carcinoma. One patient underwent biopsy which revealed fat necrosis. The mammographic images in the other cases are also consistent with previous descriptions of posttraumatic fat necrosis which had been seen after direct trauma and surgery. This mammographic finding does not represent carcinoma and is not an indication for biopsy. PMID- 6976742 TI - Prospective diagnosis of dysplasia (precancer) in chronic ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6976741 TI - Sonographic demonstration of the right ascending lumbar vein. AB - The right ascending lumbar vein has not previously been described in the sonographic literature. This vein is an important part of the abdominal prevertebral anastomotic network and appears sonographically as an anechoic tubular structure lying dorsal and parallel to the inferior vena cava. It was detected in 14 of 20 randomly selected patients who underwent routine abdominal sonography and had a mean diameter of 2.0 mm +/- 0.8 SD. In another six patients with abnormal blood flow in the inferior vena cava, dilated lumbar veins were demonstrated. PMID- 6976745 TI - The cortical ring: a sign of anteromedial fracture dislocation of the mandibular condylar neck. PMID- 6976743 TI - Spontaneously echogenic arterial blood flow in abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 6976746 TI - Water-soluble contrast enema as an aid to colonoscopy. PMID- 6976744 TI - Systolic collapse of an ascending aortic graft: an angiographic sign of perigraft hematoma communicating with the left ventricle. PMID- 6976748 TI - Slide reproduction of radiographs: improved results with color film. PMID- 6976747 TI - New curved catheter for renal angioplasty. PMID- 6976749 TI - Percutaneous fragmentation and extraction of a large renal calculus. PMID- 6976750 TI - Position referencing of real-time sonographic sector scans using split-screen video. PMID- 6976752 TI - Angiographic documentation of spontaneous spasm of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass graft. PMID- 6976751 TI - Transient bundle branch block following use of hypothermic cardioplegia in coronary artery bypass surgery: high incidence without perioperative myocardial infarction. AB - Hypothermic cardioplegia (HCP) is a method commonly used for myocardial preservation at the time of aortic cross-clamping during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study assessed the frequency and significance of transient bundle branch block (BBB) in 50 patients undergoing CABG using HCP compared to 61 controls. All patients had normal QRS complexes on preoperative ECG. CLinical, hemodynamic, and operative data were similar in both groups. Seventeen (34%) of the HCP group and four (6%) of the controls developed postoperative BBB (p less than 0.001). These changes were transient in all but three patients in the HCP group. None of the HCP patients with transient BBB had evidence of perioperative myocardial infarction. Clinical and operative parameters did not provide prediction of development of transient BBB. This study demonstrates that transient BBB in the immediate post-CABG period occurs commonly with the use of HCP and does not indicate myocardial necrosis. PMID- 6976754 TI - Beta-lactamase inhibitors. New hope against resistant organisms. PMID- 6976753 TI - The emergence of computed tomography as a cardiovascular diagnostic technique. PMID- 6976758 TI - Dichoptic color perception and the X-chrom lens. AB - Dichoptic color experiments were performed with color normals and with protanopes and deuteranopes. Different targets were presented to each eye in a stereoscope. Experiment 1 used homogeneous chromatic targets. Experiment 2 involved black and white photographs taken and viewed through various filters. Experiment 3 utilized a dichromat wearing an X-Chrom lens. The experiments indicate that the cortical perception achieved by summing input of each eye when one eye has a filter in front of it may aid color discrimination for dichromats. PMID- 6976757 TI - Amniotic fluid levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 6976759 TI - Poststapedectomy dizziness. A histopathologic report. AB - Long-term disabling dizziness is a rare but serious postoperative complication of stapedectomy. The temporal bone collection of the Ear Research Institute in Los Angeles includes 117 bones from patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral stapes operations. Of them, nine patients (8 percent) complained of severe long term postoperative dizziness. Histologic examination of the temporal bones revealed a pathologic condition in the peripheral vestibular system of seven patients; the remaining two patients showed normal maculae, cristae, and vestibular nerve. Pathologic conditions found were suppurative labyrinthitis in one case, endolymphatic hydrops in two cases, fibrous adhesions in the utricle in two cases, and a bone fragment in contact with the saccule in one case. An undiagnosed inferior vestibular nerve schwannoma was present in one case of unilateral stapedectomy that was followed by constant unsteadiness. Because there are many causes of poststapedectomy dizziness, a complete neurotologic evaluation is indicated in every case for a specific diagnosis. PMID- 6976760 TI - Mental disorders among Native American children: rates and risk periods for entering treatment. PMID- 6976761 TI - Anxiety and other neurotic symptoms in patients suffering from acoustic and vestibular disorders. PMID- 6976756 TI - Preeclampsia--a hyperviscosity syndrome. PMID- 6976755 TI - An evaluation of commercial kits for the detection of antibodies to double stranded DNA. AB - Antibodies to double-stranded (ds) DNA may provide useful information in the management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits for the detection of (ds) DNA antibodies (Lupo-Tec, Wampole Laboratories; anti-DNA kit, Amersham Corporation) were compared with a modified Farr assay and checked for intra-lot, inter-lot and inter-assay variation. Purity of DNA preparations was assessed using rabbit antibody to single-stranded (ss) DNA. Selected sera with low (less than or equal to 15%), moderately elevated (less than or equal to 40%), or markedly elevated (greater than or equal to 44%) (ds) DNA binding values (Farr assay) were tested. Positive and negative control sera when supplied with the kits also were evaluated. Normal sera were used as internal controls. A variable degree of intra-lot, inter-lot, and inter-assay correlation was observed. At low antibody levels, discordance was observed but values greater than or equal to 25% (Farr assay) were abnormally elevated in all kits tested. Clinical and laboratory personnel should be aware of potential pitfalls in RIA methods and carefully interpret results when commercial DNA kits are used. PMID- 6976764 TI - Study of immunological changes after hyposensitization in house dust sensitive asthmatic children. AB - The working mechanisms of hyposensitization were studied in 22 asthmatic children who had completed an one-year course of immunotherapy with house dust. Several immunological parameters were followed every four months during the study period. The results showed: (1) There was no significant change in the distribution of total T, active T and B lymphocytes. (2) While the numbers of Tmu and Tgamma cells remained unchanged, their capability to increase after allergen challenge was lost four months after immunotherapy. (3) No change could be found in the total serum IgE, specific IgE and IgG antibodies. Surprisingly enough, the specific IgG antibody, and thus the specific IgG/IgE antibody ratio, decreased in patients who often developed immediate-type asthmatic reactions after allergen shots. (4) The lymphoproliferative response to house dust started to decrease four months after treatment while the mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin remained the same. (5) The mean percentages of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with Fc and complement receptors were lower than those for normals throughout the study period but the sensitivity of receptor functions to allergen challenge began to decline four months after immunotherapy. Thus this study shows that hyposensitization is able to specifically correct some of the immunological aberrations of the atopic individuals and provides the rationale for the hyposensitization in the treatment of allergic diseases. PMID- 6976762 TI - [Uterine contractile activity in biocontrolled electrostimulation of labor in premature rupture of fetal membranes]. PMID- 6976763 TI - Separation of right-side-out-oriented subfractions from purified thymocyte plasma membranes by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-sepharose. PMID- 6976765 TI - T-lymphocytes and nonspecific T-suppressor activity in patients with extrinsic asthma. AB - The authors studied the distribution of T-lymphocytes (T-Et and T-Ea) and the nonspecific T-suppressor activity induced by ConA in a group of 104 patients (adults and children) with extrinsic asthma. Comparison with the control group revealed a diminution in the T-Et population (p less than 0.01), no significant change in the T-Ea population and a diminished nonspecific T-suppressor activity (p less than 0.001). The possible role of the T functional deficiency in the development of allergic diathesis is discussed. PMID- 6976766 TI - Abdominal radiography in the emergency department: a prospective analysis. AB - We present a prospective analysis of 100 consecutive abdominal radiographs of 96 emergency patients who were referred to radiology with a variety of abdominal complaints. In patients with diffuse, nonspecific abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal bleeding, 98% of the radiographs were negative or had positive findings which were unrelated to the current clinical problem. Ninety-three percent of the positive radiographs that were related to the acute problem occurred in patients with renal colic; hematuria; ingestion of foreign bodies; previously known surgical conditions, such as incarcerated hernias; intra abdominal metastatic carcinoma; fecal impaction; or true acute abdominal syndromes. PMID- 6976767 TI - Duodenal hematoma. PMID- 6976768 TI - Isolation and identification of equine lymphocytes and monocytes. AB - Various cell populations of equine mononuclear leukocytes were identified and isolated. Mononuclear leukocytes were concentrated by isopyknic centrifugation, using a solution of Ficoll and Hypaque. Three additional techniques were explored to separate monocytes from lymphocytes, and 3 methods were used to separate lymphocyte types. Cytochemical techniques for the detection of nonspecific esterase readily distinguished equine monocytes from lymphocytes. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated into at least 2 populations. One population had surface traits identical to thymocytes [ie, they readily bound peanut agglutinin, but lacked receptors for complement or immunoglobulin (Ig) and did not have surface Ig, as detected by immunohistochemical techniques]. This population could be isolated, using nylon-wool columns, or by depletion of complement- and Ig binding cells during centrifugation. The other class of lymphocytes had equine complement receptors, Ig receptors, and detectable surface Ig, but was not bound by peanut agglutinin. Using rosetting techniques followed by centrifugation, this latter population was enriched. These studies provided means of isolating and detecting equine monocytes, B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes. PMID- 6976769 TI - [Topical therapy using nitrogen mustard (chlormethine hydrochlorate) for cutaneous manifestations of histiocytosis X (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976771 TI - Massive large-bowel haemorrhage. PMID- 6976772 TI - Arterial embolisation in the treatment of malignant tumours. AB - Arterial embolisation is performed in order to interfere with the blood supply and growth of tumours and also to palliate the pain produced by them. In the present study 5 patients with liver metastases, 6 patients with renal tumours and 1 patient with bleeding from the rectum were treated by arterial embolisation with gelatin (Gelfoam). Before embolisation angiography was performed in all and computerized tomography in some of the patients. The control examinations and repetitive procedures were performed 2-4 weeks afterwards and there after according to the response. The effectiveness of the embolisation was assessed by angiography as good in 70% of the cases. Out of 5 patients examined with CT in 4 the tumour was found to have become smaller. The procedure eliminated pain caused by the enlarged liver in all 5 patients, stopped the rectal bleeding, and the subjective condition of all patients improved. Pain produced by the postembolisation syndrome occurred in all cases, but repeated embolisations did not result in further pain. Serious complications did not occur. PMID- 6976770 TI - The total care of the arteriosclerotic patient. AB - The three main risk factors for cardiovascular disease, smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia, are examined in the light of changing world trends and the mechanisms by which they aggravate this large group of conditions. Prostaglandin activity within the vessel wall and the blood platelets may be disturbed by the risk factors, the control of which in programmes of primary prevention has been followed by striking reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in two of the world's worst-affected areas. Secondary preventive application of these same measures may improve the outcome in the treatment of established cardiovascular disease in the heart, brain, or limbs. Present advances in combined investigation and multifocal surgical treatment are described against a background of increasing safety throughout the perioperative period. PMID- 6976773 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy in a patient taking diphenylhydantoin. AB - The premise that chronic antigenic stimulation may be involved in lymphoproliferative disorders was considered in a patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy who had received diphenylhydantoin (DPH) for seizure. This patient had clinical features overlapping with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and serum antibody directed against DPH. It was proposed that the syndrome was caused by chronic antigenic stimulation with DPH. PMID- 6976774 TI - Intracellular precursor forms of transferrin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and alpha 1-antitrypsin in human liver. PMID- 6976776 TI - [Pharmacological and biochemical study of a new non-narcotic analgesic: fosfosal (UR-1521)]. PMID- 6976775 TI - Specific induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in the mouse lung. PMID- 6976779 TI - Biogenic monoamines in developing taste buds of mouse circumvallate papillae. AB - After administration of monoamine precursors, developing taste buds of newborn and young mice were observed by means of electron microscopy and fluorescence histochemistry. Gustatory (type III) cells occurred in the primitive taste buds during stage 1 (0-1 day after birth). These cells had an immature type of afferent synaptic contacts with nerve terminals; however, no specific fluorescence was found in the taste buds after administration of 5-HTP or L-DOPA. During stage 2 (2-7 days), mature types of afferent synapses, taste pores, type I cells and type II cells appeared in the taste buds, and fluorescent cells also appeared following treatment of 5-HTP or L-DOPA. During stage 3 (14-21 days), the gustatory cells underwent ultrastructural changes following injection of 5-HTP; i.e. small dense-cored vesicles (30-60 nm) appeared scattered throughout the cytoplasm and were found to intermingle with small clear vesicles accumulated at the presynaptic membranes of afferent synapses, and the electron densities of large dense-cored vesicles (80-100 nm) were elevated as compared with those of untreated mice. Consequently the ability of gustatory cells to take up amine precursors started simultaneously with the formation of taste pores and mature afferent synapses between the gustatory cells and the sensory nerves. PMID- 6976778 TI - Use of the SADS-RDC in a tri-ethnic community survey. AB - The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and the Research Diagnostic Criteria were used to ascertain community-based rates of affective and nonaffective psychiatric disorders. Both current-point and lifetime prevalence rates were reported for a sample of whites, blacks and Mexican-Americans. Rates for whites were compared with those reported for another community sample in which the same diagnostic criteria were applied. Comparison of lifetime rates from the two studies showed good concurrence for most of the affective disorders, particularly depression. This study also examined differences in rates by ethnic status. PMID- 6976777 TI - [Histochemical study of the participation of calcium in the development of arteriosclerotic lesions]. PMID- 6976781 TI - Resistance and abrogation of resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in reconstituted BALB/c nude mice. PMID- 6976780 TI - Aphasia with predominantly subcortical lesion sites: description of three capsular/putaminal aphasia syndromes. AB - Nine cases of subcortical aphasia with capsular/putaminal (C/P) lesion sites demonstrated on computed tomographic (CT) scans were studied. Eight cases were occlusive-vascular in etiology and one was hemorrhagic. Three subcortical aphasia syndromes and three C/P lesion site patterns were observed. Patients with C/P lesion sites with anterior-superior white-matter lesion extension had good comprehension, grammatical, but slow, dysarthric speech, and lasting right hemiplegia. Patients with C/P lesion sites with posterior white-matter lesion extension across the auditory radiations in the temporal isthmus had poor comprehension, fluent Wernicke-type speech, and lasting right hemiplegia. Patients with C/P lesion sites with both anterior-superior and posterior extension were globally aphasic and had lasting right hemiplegia. Although these cases of C/P subcortical aphasia shared certain well-known features of Broca's and Wernicke's cortical aphasia syndromes, they did not completely resemble cases of either Broca's, Wernicke's, global, or thalamic aphasia in neurologic findings, CT scan lesion sites, or language behavior. Further study of the subcortical aphasias associated with these C/P lesion sites seems to be warranted. PMID- 6976782 TI - H-2 restriction pattern of secondary influenza virus-immune cytolytic T cells. PMID- 6976783 TI - Lymphokine production by peripheral blood leucocytes: quantitation of T-cell growth factor activity for assessment of immune response capability. AB - Mitogen stimulation of as few as 200,000 human peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) in 0.2 ml volumes produces highly active lymphokine supernatants. The lymphokine activity measured is T-cell growth factor. Under optimum conditions of PHA-P concentration, serum source and concentration, and time, activity is detectable to a dilution of between 1/250 and 1/700 for lymphokine supernatants from PBL of normal donors. Lymphokine supernatants prepared from PBL of donors previously treated with the immunosuppressive regimes of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy had activities that were between 13% and 66% of normal controls. Lymphokine production as a quantitative measure of immune capability is discussed. PMID- 6976784 TI - Concanavalin A-induced chemiluminescence in rat thymus lymphocytes. Its origin and role in mitogenesis. AB - 1. The luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of rat thymocytes responding to concanavalin A can be resolved into glucose-dependent and glucose-independent portions. 2. The glucose-dependent portion, supported by D-glucose and D-mannose oxidation, is inhibited by catalase (200 microgram/ml), amobarbital (1 mM) and hexose analogues that block D-glucose uptake. Thus concanavalin A may activate, transiently, an NAD(P)H oxidase that utilizes reducing equivalents derived from the oxidation of exogenous glucose to give dismutation products of O2- (including H2O2) as its major products. 3. The glucose-independent portion is inhibited by eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid but not by indomethacin. It may therefore be associated with the conversion of hydroperoxy intermediates of arachidonic acid metabolism to hydroxy products by the lipoxygenase pathway. 4. Preincubation of thymocytes for 18 h in serum-free medium enhances the subsequent chemiluminescent response to concanavalin A severalfold and evokes the response at a lower threshold concentration. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine by preincubated cells is similarly enhanced at low doses of concanavalin A, whereas the response to optimal doses is unaltered. 5. Catalase does not inhibit the enhanced incorporation of [3H]thymidine obtained in response to concanavalin A, but instead amplifies the response to low doses in the same manner as preincubation. PMID- 6976785 TI - HLA-Bw35 and prognosis in adult Still's disease. AB - Twenty-five patients with adult Still's disease were studied to determine clinical course and possible HLA associations. Two types of disease evolution were distinguishable clinically: a self-limited remitting disease with or without recurrent cyclic exacerbations was found in 11 patients, and a persistent disease with continuous activity for more than 1 year, generally accompanied by progressive joint disease, was determined in 8. Disease course could not be classified in 6 patients. The antigen frequencies of HLA-Bw35 (40%, P less than 0.05) and Cw4 (44%, P less than 0.05) were increased in adult Still's disease as compared to controls (18% and 20%, respectively). Because HLA-Bw35 was associated with self-limited remitting type disease (P less than 0.02), this antigen may be a favorable prognostic marker in adult Still's disease. PMID- 6976787 TI - [Kartagener's syndrome. Review of the literature and report of 4 cases in 3 families]. AB - The clinical histories of 16 children with situs inversus were reviewed; 3 of them had complete Kartagener's syndrome (situs inversus, sinusitis and bronchiectasis). Also a sister of one of the cases complained of an incomplete form of the syndrome (without situs inversus). In the 3 families, 17 siblings were studies: 4 had Kartagener's syndrome and another 7 showed recurrent respiratory infections. The parents of one of the families were relatives in an unknown degree. In this entity, abnormalities of the cilia have been demonstrated in electron microscopy, as well as a deficit of mucociliary clearance. Thus, the concept of the Immotile Cilia Syndrome" has been proposed as a pathophysiologic substratum for the recurrent upper and lower respiratory infections, and male, infertility in this illness. Situs inversus is found in 50% of these cases and constitutes the complete Kartagener's syndrome. The incomplete form is diagnosed when there is a positive family history or the ultrastructural abnormality is demonstrated. An early diagnosis and treatment may prevent the development of bronchiectasis, which is the most invalidating lesion. PMID- 6976786 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of sacroiliitis. AB - Computed tomography (CT) and conventional radiography of the sacroiliac joint were compared in 43 patients. CT appeared to be far more sensitive and equally specific in the recognition of sacroiliitis. In a number of patients with sacroiliitis diagnosed by both techniques, CT demonstrated abnormalities that were not demonstrated by conventional radiographs. Of those patients with clinical evidence of sacroiliitis and HLA-B27 positivity, 50% had negative or equivocal radiographs compared to 19% who had negative computed tomographic images for sacroiliitis. PMID- 6976789 TI - Percutaneous pulmonary artery catheterization via the arm before anaesthesia: success rate, frequency of complications and arterial pressure and heart rate responses. AB - The success rate, frequency of complications and changes in systolic arterial pressure and heart rate during percutaneous pulmonary artery catheterization via an antecubital vein were evaluated before induction of anaesthesia in 84 patients about to undergo cardiac surgery. Serious complications were angina (2%) and a small tear in the tricuspid valve (one patient). If one of the basilic veins was used, the success rate was 93%. When it was necessary to use a cephalic vein, the success rate decreased to 60%. Overall success rate was 75%. Placing the catheter in the pulmonary artery resulted in an immediate increase in systolic arterial pressure in all patients and a significant increase in heart rate in patients not taking beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. This study demonstrates that percutaneous catheterization of the pulmonary artery via the basilic vein is a simple, safe, effective technique associated with few complications. PMID- 6976788 TI - Orienting behavior of juvenile frogs with both a pre-metamorphically rotated and a normal eye. AB - We have studied the orienting behavior of juvenile Rana pipiens in which one eye was rotated at late larval stages and the other eye left intact. Such frogs orient accurately to stimuli falling solely in the visual field of the intact eye and systematically misorient to stimuli falling solely in the field of the rotated eye. Stimuli within the area of visual field overlap elicited two distinct sets of responses, one attributable to the normal and the other to the rotated eye. PMID- 6976790 TI - Use of di-isopropyl phenol as main agent for short procedures. AB - The use of di-isopropyl phenol (Diprivan) for induction of anaesthesia was assessed in doses ranging from 1 to 3 mg kg-1. With less than 1.75mg kg-1 not all patients were anaesthetized; 2.0 mg kg-1 appeared to be a satisfactory induction dose. Involuntary muscle movement, cough and hiccup at induction were rare with any dose studied. However, the frequency of hypotension and respiratory depression were related to the dose given. Pain on injection was uncommon when the drug was given into an antecubital vein, but occurred in 39% of patients when injected to the back of the hand or wrist. Recovery was rapid, and characterized by lack of emetic sequelae. Di-isopropyl phenol 1.5 - 2.0 mg kg-1 given rapidly during reactive hyperaemia can produce anaesthesia in one arm-brain circulation time. A reaction involving flush, hypotension, cough, laryngospasm and bronchospasm occurred in one patient receiving 2.5 mg kg-1 given over 20 s. PMID- 6976791 TI - The comparative effectiveness of tiaprofenic acid and aspirin in the treatment of post-prostatectomy pain. PMID- 6976792 TI - Specific and non-specific lymphocyte cytotoxicity in colon carcinoma. AB - The cytotoxic activity of peripheral-blood (PBL), lymph-node (LNC) and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from 47 patients undergoing surgery for colon carcinoma (Duke's Stage A, 1 patient; B, 24; C, 15 and C with metastases, 7) was examined in short-term 51Cr-release assays, against fresh autologous tumour cells, allogeneic colon cancer cells and the erythroleukaemia cell line, K562. Cytotoxicity against autologous cells was detected in at least one effector population in 23/47 patients (49%), with overall frequencies which did not differ for patients in different Duke's stages of disease. By contrast, lysis of allogeneic tumour cells was infrequent (11%) regardless of the effector population to which they were exposed. Cytotoxicity against K562, cells highly sensitive to NK activity, though variable, was detected in 93% of PBL of normal donors and 83% of patients, and among the latter showed no evidence of significant decline with advancing disease. However, LNC and TIL anti-K562 activity was infrequent (17%) in concordance with previous reports. There was no correlation between the ability of patients' PBL to lyse autologous tumour and K562 cells. The independence of these 2 cytotoxic actions was further explored in studies fractionating lymphocytes: autologous tumour killing was augmented in T enriched PBL; whereas the greatest anti-K562 activity was found in the corresponding non-T fraction. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity in colonic neoplasia is thus manifest in 2 apparently independent lymphocyte populations; a relatively specific killer T-cell population, detectable in PBL, LNC and TIL, which is preferentially reactive with the autologous cells; and a non-specific killer population, largely limited to PBL, with the properties of NK cells. The activity of neither population reflects the clinical status of patients with this disease. PMID- 6976795 TI - Usefulness of HLA determination and pathergy test in the diagnosis of uveitis in Turkey. PMID- 6976794 TI - Resemblance between rhodopsin kinase and S-antigen induced uveitis. AB - The retinal S-antigen (S-Ag) has been shown to induce uveitis effectively in subhuman primates, and lymphocytes from patients with certain uveitic conditions show cell-mediated responses to this antigen. Rhodopsin kinase (RK), an enzyme probably unique to the mammalian eye, is reported here to resemble the retinal S Ag in its capacity to induce uveitis in experimental animals. A histological comparison of rat eyes taken 2 and 3 weeks after immunisation with either RK or S Ag reveals essentially identical pathological alterations. Ocular inflammation is seen in both the anterior and posterior portion of the globe. Areas of focal degeneration of the photo-receptor layer, from which both the S-Ag and RK are extracted, could be seen in both RK and S-Ag immunised animals. Cells from draining lymph nodes of both groups responded by increased thymidine incorporation when cultured in the presence of either RK or S-Ag. In addition antibodies directed against the S-Ag were detected in both groups. These findings, in addition to the biochemical similarities of these preparations, reported elsewhere, would strongly suggest that RK and S-Ag are one and the same. The identification of potentially uveitogenic ocular antigens could help to reclassify uveitic entities that at present have clinically similar courses. PMID- 6976796 TI - High affinity binding sites on plasma membrane obtained from the lymphoblastoid cultured 1301 cell line for highly radioactive serum thymic factor. AB - The interaction of the synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS, facteur thymique serique) with a plasma membrane preparation of human T lymphocytes from the lymphoblastoid T cell line 1301 was studied using 3H-labelled FTS (specific activity 120 Ci/mmol). The binding is temperature dependent and function of the concentration of both 3H-labelled FTS and membrane proteins. At 37 degrees C, using 1 nM of 3H-labelled FTS as steady state is observed within 80 min. The binding is reversible, specific and saturable. Scatchard analysis reveals the existence of at least two binding sites with respective Kd of the order of 0.516 +/- 0.2 nM and 110 +/- 27.8 nM with concentration of 0.186 +/- 0.045 pmol and 2.026 +/- 0.367 pmol per mg of membrane protein. PMID- 6976793 TI - Uncontrolled thrombocytosis in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. AB - A retrospective study was performed to examine the natural course of uncontrolled thrombocytosis associated with chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Thirty-eight patients with polycythaemia rubra vera (PV), myelofibrosis/myeloid metaplasia (MM), chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) or essential thrombocythaemia (ET) had platelet counts greater than 1000 X 10(9)/1 and were followed closely for a total of 246 patient years. Eleven of the patients experienced haemorrhagic episodes. Bleeding was twice as frequent in patients over 59 years old as in those younger and no bleeding occurred in those less than 51 years of age. There was no correlation between frequency of bleeding and extent of thrombocytosis. Bleeding events occurred concurrently with use of anti-inflammatory agents in 32% of episodes. The gastrointestinal tract was the most frequent site. Documented thrombotic events occurred in three patients, two of whom had PV with haematocrits greater than 53%. This study suggests that the thrombocytosis of myeloproliferative processes may pose a less serious threat than originally thought and that aggressive lowering of the platelet count may not be indicated in all cases. PMID- 6976797 TI - Purification and properties of the exocellular beta-lactamase of Actinomadura strain R39. AB - The exocellular beta-lactamase (penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6) of Actinomadura R39 consists of one single polypeptide chain of molecular weight about 15 200. It exhibits a highly asymmetrical shape, has a low isoelectric point (at pH 5.0) and contains about 9.3% (w/w) of a polydeoxyribonucleotide with which it forms a rather stable complex. Removal of a substantial amount of this deoxyribonucleotide by treatment with DNAase I has no effect on the enzyme activity. The beta-lactamase has a wide spectrum of activity. Penicillins and delta 3-cephalosporins can be either good or poor substrates. Oxacillin, which is a poor substrate of most beta-lactamases from Gram-positive bacteria, is a good substrate of the beta-lactamase of Actinomadura R39. Its best substrate, however, is nitrocefin (kcat/Km: 2300 000 M-1.s-1; catalytic centre activity: 210 s-1). The kcat/Km values observed with some penicillins and delta 3-cephalosporins are similar to the values of the bimolecular rate constants that govern the formation of the acyl-enzyme intermediates between these antibiotics and the serine D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidase that is also secreted by the same strain Actinomadura R39. Such a relationship, however, is not observed with all the beta-lactam compounds tested. PMID- 6976798 TI - The nature of sialic acids in human lymphocytes. AB - Analysis of the sialic acids obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of B lymphocytes reveals the presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid and 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid. For T lymphocytes only N-acetylneuraminic acid has been demonstrated to occur. The applied methods include quantitative colorimetry, thin-layer chromatography and combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 6976799 TI - A comparison of the spectro-temporal sensitivity of auditory neurons to tonal and natural stimuli. AB - The spectro-temporal sensitivity of auditory neurons has been investigated experimentally by averaging the spectrograms of stimuli preceding the occurrence of action potentials or neural events ( the APES : Aertsen et al., 1980, 1981). The properties of the stimulus ensemble are contained in this measure of neural selectivity. The spectro-temporal receptive field (STRF) has been proposed as a theoretical concept which should give a stimulus-invariant representation of the second order characteristics of the neuron's system function (Aertsen and Johannesma, 1981). The present paper investigates the relation between the experimental and the theoretical description of the neuron's spectro-temporal sensitivity for sound. The aim is to derive a formally based stimulus normalization procedure for the results of the experimental averaging procedure. Under particular assumptions, regarding both the neuron and the stimulus ensemble, an integral equation connecting the APES and the STRF is derived. This integral expression enables to calculate the APES from the STRF by taking into account the stimulus spectral composition and the characteristics of the spectrogram analysis. The inverse relation, i.e. starting from the experimental results and by application of a formal normalization procedure arriving at the theoretical STRF, is effectively hindered by the nature of the spectrogram analysis. An approximative "normalization" procedure, based on intuitive manipulation of the integral equation, has been applied to a number of single unit recordings from the grassfrog's auditory midbrain area to tonal and natural stimulus ensembles. The results indicate tha spectrogram analysis, while being a useful real-time tool in investigating the spectro-temporal transfer properties of auditory neurons, shows fundamental shortcomings for a theoretical treatment of the questions of interest. PMID- 6976800 TI - [Glycolysis in native and cryopreserved lymphocytes]. PMID- 6976801 TI - Calcium transients in asymmetrically activated skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Skeletal muscle fibers of the frog Rana temporaria were held just taut and stimulated transversely by unidirectional electrical fields. We observed the reversible effects of stimulus duration (0.1-100 ms) and strength on action potentials, intracellular Ca2+ transients (monitored by aequorin), and contractile force during fixed-end contractions. Long duration stimuli (e.g., 10 ms) induced a maintained depolarization on the cathodal side of a cell and a maintained hyperpolarization on its anodal side. The hyperpolarization of the side facing the anode prevented the action potential from reaching mechanical threshold during strong stimuli. Variation of the duration or strength of a stimulus changed the luminescent response from a fiber injected with aequorin. Thus, the intracellular Ca2+ released during excitation-contraction coupling could be changed by the stimulus parameters. Prolongation of a stimulus at field strengths above 1.1 x rheobase decreased the amplitude of aequorin signals and the force of contractions. The decreases in aequorin and force signals from a given fiber paralleled one another and depended on the stimulus strength, but not on the stimulus polarity. These changes were completely reversible for stimulus strengths up to at least 4.2 x rheobase. The graded decreases in membrane depolarization, aequorin signals, and contractile force were correlated with the previously described folding of myofibrils in fibers allowed to shorten in response to the application of a long duration stimulus. The changes in aequorin signals and force suggest an absence of myofilament activation by Ca2+ in the section of the fiber closest to the anode. The results imply that injected aequorin distributes circumferentially in frog muscle with a coefficient of at least 10(-7) cm2/s, which is not remarkably different from the previously measured coefficient of 5 x 10(-8) cm2/s for its diffusion lengthwise. PMID- 6976802 TI - Intensity of light diffraction from striated muscle as a function of incident angle. AB - In a recently developed theory of light diffraction by single striated muscle fibers, we considered only the case of normal beam incidence. The present investigation represents both an experimental and theoretical extension of the previous work to arbitrary incident angle. Angle scan profiles over a 50 degrees range of incident angle (+25 degrees to -25 degrees) were obtained at different sarcomere lengths. Left and right first-order scan peak separations were found to be a function of sarcomere length (separation angle = 2 theta B), and good agreement was found between theory and experiment. Our theoretical analysis further showed that a myofibrillar population with a single common skew angle can yield an angle scan profile containing many peaks. Thus, it is not necessary to associate each peak with a different skew population. Finally, we have found that symmetry angle, theta s, also varies with sarcomere length, but not in a regular manner. Its value at a given sarcomere length is a function of a particular region of a given fiber and represents the average skew angle of all the myofibril populations illuminated. The intensity of a diffraction order line is considered to be principally the resultant of two interference phenomena. The first is a volume-grating phenomenon which results from the periodic A-I band structure of the fiber (with some contribution from Z bands and H zones). The second is Bragg reflection from skew planes, if the correct relation between incident angle and skew angle is met. This may result in intensity asymmetry between the left and right first order lines. PMID- 6976803 TI - Computer simulation of the effect of the nodal gap resistance on ionic current measurements in the Ranvier node membrane. AB - Results are presented of a computer simulation of the effect of the irreducible resistance introduced by the nodal gap, in series with the impedance of the axon membrane. A clamp potential is applied to a structure modeled as an electric circuit composed of a resistance in series with the membrane impedance, and modified nerve equations describing membrane currents are solved to predict the effect of nodal series resistance on these currents. These studies reveal changes in the absolute values and kinetics of the ionic currents (errors greater than 10 20%) for selected values of series resistance. PMID- 6976805 TI - [Reaction between syngeneic hematopoietic stem cells and lymphocytes in leukemic AKR mice]. AB - The syngeneic donor-recipient model was used to examine the influence of T lymphocytes from AKR mice with spontaneous leukemia on colony-formation and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells. It was shown that in the stage of the neoplastic process development, the cells of lymph nodes and the thymus inhibited the colony-forming capacity in all the three hemopoietic lines (erythroid, myeloid, megakaryocytic) of the syngeneic normal and autologous bone marrow. In the late stages of leukemia aggravated by generalized infection, T lymphocytes stimulated the exo- and endogenous growth of the granuloid colonies, changing the erythroid-myeloid index to 1:1-1:2.7. PMID- 6976804 TI - Highly sensitive and specific determination of mefloquine in biological fluids using gas chromatography mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. AB - A highly sensitive and specific assay for the determination of racemic erythro alpha-(2-piperidyl)-2,8-bis(trifluoro-methyl)-4-quinoline-methanol in whole blood, plasma and urine has been developed. The method involves the extraction of the drug together with an internal standard, formation of the corresponding O trimethylsilyl-N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives, gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric measurement of the peaks by selected ion monitoring. The method has a sensitivity of 1 ng ml-1 for plasma and 3 ng ml-1 for whole blood or urine. It has been applied to the analysis of mefloquine in plasma following an oral dose of 250 mg of the drug to healthy subjects. No interference was observed from the simultaneous administration of Fansidar. PMID- 6976806 TI - [Features of the lifting reflex in the white rat following prolonged space flight (effect of weightlessness and artificial gravity)]. AB - The latent time of the lifting reflex (LTLR) was studied in weightless and centrifuged SPF-Wistar rats before and after 19-day space flights onboard Cosmos 936 and 1129. The LTLR was determined when the lifting reflex was induced in a special trainer on the basis of the mechanical component of muscle reaction (MCMR) and electromyography of the oculomotor and gastrocnemius muscles. The LTLR persisted in all the animals postflight. The LTLR of weightless rats as determined by the MCMR increased significantly, and as determined by electromyography, remained unchanged. Centrifuged rats did not show significant changes in the LPLR. It is believed that the initial stages of the lifting reaction - vestibular receptors and conductive pathways - remained unaltered in weightlessness. Changes in the LPLR observed after prolonged space flights are consequent on muscle function, representing the final stage of the lifting reflex. PMID- 6976807 TI - Partial immunologic reconstitution of a patient with acquired agammaglobulinemia: a transient phenomenon accompanying therapeutic plasmapheresis. AB - A patient with acquired agammaglobulinemia was treated with plasmapheresis. The rationale for this procedure was based on the presence of a cytotoxic autoantibody with specificity for helper (TH2-) T lymphocytes. Plasmapheresis reduced the autoantibody concentration to undetectable levels, which resulted in an increase number of helper T cells. These T cells provided normal in vitro helper activity. Plasmapheresis did not correct a concomitant suppressor T-cell defect, and the clinical remission ended during the fifth month of exchange therapy. PMID- 6976808 TI - Monoclonal CLL B-cells may be induced to grow in an in vitro B-cell colony assay system. AB - A simple reproducible in vitro B-cell colony assay system was used to evaluate B cell growth in controls and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). All six CLL patients studied formed B-cell colonies. The number of colonies was significantly less in patients than controls (66 +/- 18 versus 127 +/- 8). CLL colonies were shown to be monoclonal and appeared to reflect the circulating malignant B-cell clone in our patient group, while the six controls studied formed polyclonal B-cell colonies. Wright-Giemsa staining showed typical plasma cells to have developed in the controls but not in the patients. Cells from CLL patients retained a more lymphoid appearance. It is believed that investigations with this B-cell assay will provide the means for further in vitro evaluation of malignant B-cell proliferation in other lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 6976809 TI - Human leukemia cell line K562 responds to erythroid-potentiating activity. AB - We report that erythroid-potentiating activity (EPA), known to stimulate the proliferation of normal human erythroid precursors in vitro, has a growth promoting effect on human K562 erythroleukemia cells and Friend mouse erythroleukemia cells. Detailed studies were carried out using an EPA produced by a human T-lymphoblast line (Mo). Although EPA has not been purified to homogeneity, several observations indicate that the factor elaborated by Mo cells that stimulates erythroleukemia cell growth is the EPA molecule. The erythroleukemia growth factor cofractionates with EPA using gel exclusion chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and ion exchange chromatography. In addition, the activities exhibit similar kinetics of heat inactivation. A granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor also elaborated by Mo cells had no effect on the growth of the erythroleukemia cells. Other sources of EPA, such as peripheral blood leukocyte-conditioned medium, preparations from urine of anemic patients, and medium conditioned by a human monocyte-like cell line, stimulated erythroleukemia cell growth. Mouse sources of EPA (termed "burst promoting activity") stimulated mouse but not human erythroleukemia cells. The availability of cell lines apparently responsive to EPA should prove useful for examining the mode of action of this regulator of erythropoiesis. PMID- 6976810 TI - Observations on the binding and interaction of radioiodinated colony-stimulating factor with murine bone marrow cells in vivo. AB - Radioiodinated L-cell-derived colony-stimulating factor (CSF) was used to characterize the binding reaction to murine bone marrow cells. The major increment in cell-associated radioactivity occurred over 24 hr incubation at 37 degrees C, but virtually no binding was observed at 4 degrees C. The reaction was saturable with approximately 1 ng/ml of purified CSF. Unlabeled CSF prevented the binding, whereas a number of other hormones and proteins did not compete for CSF uptake. Further specificity studies showed virtually no binding to human bone marrow, which is unresponsive to this form of murine CSF. Minimal CSF uptake was noted with murine peritoneal macrophages, but virtually no binding was detected with thymic, lymph node, liver, or kidney cells. The marrow cell interaction with tracer appeared to require a new protein synthesis, as the binding was prevented by cycloheximide or puromycin. Preincubation of marrow cells in medium devoid of CSF increased the degree of binding after 1 hr exposure to the tracer. This suggests that CSF binding sites may be occupied or perhaps decreased in response to ambient levels of CSF in vivo. Approximately 70% of the bound radioactivity was detected in the cytoplasm at 24 hr. This material was partially degraded as judged by a decrease in molecular weight from approximately 62,000 to 2 peaks of approximately 32,000 and approximately 49,000, but 72% of the binding activity was retained. After plateau binding was achieved, greater than 80% of the radioactivity released into the medium was degraded into biologically inactive peptides with molecular weights less than 10,000. These findings suggest that the interaction of CSF with marrow cells is characterized by binding with subsequent internalization and metabolic degradation into portions of the molecule that are devoid of biologic activity. PMID- 6976812 TI - Detection of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6976811 TI - Immunohistochemical detection of pregnancy and placental proteins in human and cynomolgus monkey (Macaca Fascicularis) peripheral blood cells. PMID- 6976813 TI - Two types of nursing care for patients with tuberculosis primary infection. PMID- 6976815 TI - Chancroid in Sheffield. A report of 22 cases diagnosed by isolating Haemophilus ducreyi in a modified medium. AB - The causative organism of chancroid, Haemophilus ducreyi, is generally considered to be very fastidious and its isolation, maintenance, and detailed study very demanding. In this study a modified medium was developed, which allowed the organism to be isolated more frequently than previously would have been expected. Twenty-two cases of chancroid were confirmed by the isolation of H ducreyi in 160 patients with genital ulceration examined over a one-year period. The cases were apparently unrelated, and in only five was there a history of recent sexual contact abroad. Concurrent infection with other sexually transmitted diseases was present in 18 (81.8%) patients, and in 14 (63.6%) both H ducreyi and herpes simplex virus were isolated form the same genital ulcers. Thus, these findings indicate that chancroid is underdiagnosed in England and that H ducreyi may frequently occur as a secondary invader of damaged genital skin and mucosa. PMID- 6976814 TI - The interaction between physical illness and neurotic morbidity in the community. AB - As part of an epidemiological survey of rural community in the North of Spain we analysed the interaction between physical illness and neurotic morbidity using a two-phase cross-sectional analysis of a representative sample of the population over 15 years old. There was a very high prevalence of neurosis in the somatically ill (males-15.6 per cent, females-33.1 per cent) and much physical pathology in the group of neurotics (males-42.4 per cent, females-39 per cent). The personal characteristics of the sample, as well as some sociological factors like rural-urban way of life, educational level and social class, appear to influence the relationship between both types of illness. The neurotic morbidity of the somatic group comprised depressive, anxiety and hypochondriac types. PMID- 6976816 TI - Regional cerebral oxygen supply and utilization in dementia. A clinical and physiological study with oxygen-15 and positron tomography. AB - The cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction and oxygen utilization has been measured regionally in 22 dements, and 14 aged normal volunteers. Ten demented patients were studied twice at a six-month interval from initial measurements. The use of a steady-state 15O technique and positron tomography for measuring regional cerebral blood flow, regional oxygen extraction fraction and mean cerebral oxygen utilization is discussed. The limitations of measurements are reviewed in the light of the present results and the current state of technological development in positron emission tomography is discussed. A decline in cerebral blood flow and mean cerebral oxygen utilization was correlated with increasing severity of dementia in both degenerative and vascular dements. The decline was coupled, both for the cerebral hemisphere as a whole and regionally. There was no increase in oxygen extraction ratio globally, and therefore no evidence to support the existence of a chronic ischaemic brain syndrome. Focal abnormalities in oxygen utilization were observed for both vascular and degenerative groups. In the vascular group, parietal defects were the most pronounced. Individual derangements of the regional pattern varied, reflecting the different unique patterns of ischaemic damage in these patients. In the degenerative group, parietal and temporal defects were seen in the less severe group, but a profound depression in the frontal regions with relative sparing of occipital area characterized the severe degenerative dements. PMID- 6976818 TI - Brain-stem auditory-evoked potentials recorded directly from human brain-stem and thalamus. AB - Brain-stem auditory-evoked potentials were recorded in neurosurgical patients from surface electrodes applied to the VIIIth nerve, medulla, pons, midbrain and cortex; from depth electrodes in the thalamus; and from a movable electrode in the IVth, IIIrd, and lateral ventricles. The potentials recordable over the scalp within 10 ms after click stimulation are characterized by a slow positive wave (peaking at 5 to 6 ms) and a negative wave (8 to 10 ms) with 7 small positive wavelets superimposed upon them. The sources of these components have been identified by observing their increased amplitude in depth recordings, and by tracing the potentials from their intracranial maxima to the scalp. Wave I is generated within the most distal portion of the VIII nerve; Wave V in the midbrain (inferior colliculus); and Wave VI the medial geniculate body. Both low positive and negative components have their origins in the inferior colliculus. Intracranially-recorded brain-stem auditory-evoked potential showed very rapid changes in amplitude within the brain-stem but only slight changes in the more rostral regions, although their amplitude gradients varied in the different components. They also demonstrated minor but systematic shifts in latency with distance from the potential sources, reflecting a significant overlap of separate potentials. This effect must be taken into account in the interpretation of a 'concurrent' intracranial potential as the source of a far-field surface-recorded potential. PMID- 6976817 TI - A new class of visual defect. Spreading inhibition elicited by chromatic light stimuli. AB - This paper deals with a single male subject, M., who has a well-defined visual defect of a kind not previously described. The defect is associated with a potent inhibitory response to long-wavelength stimuli, which spreads for up to 12 deg from the area of stimulation, suppressing M.'s detection of other high contrast stimuli. The effect can also be observed, weakly, with certain other coloured stimuli, but not with yellows or whites. Detailed psychophysical data are given for threshold sensitivity, colour matching, two-colour increment thresholds and visual acuity, all of which are more or less abnormal, depending on the stimulus colour. No abnormal effects were, however, observed with white light stimuli. On the basis of M.'s ability to fuse red and green random dot stereogram pairs, we argue that the inhibition arises centrally in the visual pathways. and we examine the implications of M.'s response characteristics for the analysis of central visual processing. PMID- 6976819 TI - Frequency sensitivity and selectivity of acoustically evoked potentials after complete cochlear hair cell destruction. PMID- 6976822 TI - Incentive breathing devices and chest physiopathy: a controlled therapy. AB - Intestinal ischemia should be suspected in any patient following aortic surgery who has pain out of keeping with the operation, postoperative diarrhea (with or without bleeding) or an unexplained metabolic acidosis. Ten such cases of intestinal ischemia were identified during a 10-year period at the Toronto General and Toronto Western hospitals. Six occurred following repair of a ruptured abdominal aneurysm, one followed elective aneurysmectomy and three followed elective bypass for occlusive disease. The overall mortality was 70%. Transmural bowel infarction was found in six patients (all died), while four patients had partial-thickness injury (one died, three had late strictures). Potentially preventable factors in each patient, either single or multiple, were identified and are discussed. Emphasis on early diagnosis is stressed, because once transmural necrosis has occurred the prognosis is poor. PMID- 6976821 TI - Alfa-one antitrypsin phenotypes and inhalatory pulmonary pathology. AB - One hundred and twenty nine workers in the cork industry, 69 rural workers, 66 carpet makers, 58 workers in a granite quarry and 51 workers in a rice husking factory were studied from an epidemiologic point of view. All were submitted to a standard questionnaire planned to detect respiratory disease due to inhalatory causes. They were submitted to a clinical examination, summary ventilatory function tests, a 70 mm microradiograph, and blood was taken to determine alfa one antitrypsin and its phenotypes and, in the cork industry workers and rice husking workers, the level of IgA, IgG and IgM. The results are presented and an attempt is made to correlate the various parameters among themselves, and namely alfa-one AT phenotypes with the existence of respiratory pathology. Finally the results are discussed. PMID- 6976823 TI - Cardioplegic rearrest: clinical experience with 12 patients. AB - Myocardial damage due to ischemic arrest occurs during aortic unclamping and early reoxygenation (reperfusion injury). Thus, surgeons may be reluctant to reinfuse cardioplegic agents if a second period of aortic cross-clamping is required at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. Because of technical difficulties, 12 patients underwent two consecutive periods of cardioplegic arrest with an intervening period of reperfusion of the heart. All survived without complications. Myocardial biopsy specimens from three patients revealed some cellular edema. Serial enzyme levels measured postoperatively compared favourably with those of 12 other patients who had sustained a single period of multidose cardioplegic arrest. Postoperative hemodynamic measurements were similar to preoperative values. Although cardioplegic rearrest may appear safe in the human heart, further studies assessing hemodynamics, morphology and metabolism are necessary in order to delineate fully the changes that occur with this method of myocardial preservation. PMID- 6976820 TI - Behavioral model for diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC): potentiation by 5-hydroxytryptophan. AB - The effects of the serotonin precursor 5-HTP, were determined in a behavioral DNIC paradigm (increase in vocalization threshold after intraperitoneal injection of the algogenic agent, phenylbenzoquinone). This counter-irritation phenomenon was strongly potentiated by 5-HTP, such potentiation being blocked by the 5-HT receptor blocker, cinanserin. These results are in keeping with those of our recent single unit work in dorsal horn convergent neurons. PMID- 6976824 TI - Tribulations of a clinical trial. PMID- 6976826 TI - Methotrexate rescue by 5-methyltetrahydrofolate or 5-formyltetrahydrofolate in lymphoblast cell lines. AB - The rescue of lymphocytes from methotrexate (MTX) growth inhibition by 5 methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methyl-THF) and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-formyl-THF) has been studied. Rescue by 5-methyl-THF is selective for cells with high levels of homocysteine:5-methyl-THF methyl-transferase (methyltransferase). At MTX concentrations which inhibited growth greater than or equal to 85% in both leukemic T-lymphocytes (CCRF-CEM) and Epstein-Barr-transformed B-lymphocytes (LAZ 007), 5 micro M 5-formyl-THF rescued more effectively than did 5-methyl-THF, in either the presence or absence of the methyltransferase inhibitor, nitrous oxide. At less inhibitory MTX concentrations, both reduced folates rescued equally, except when methyltransferase was inhibited by nitrous oxide in which case 5 formyl-THF was clearly superior. In the absence of nitrous oxide, both cell lines contained approximately equal amounts of methyltransferase. Some apparent differences in the rescue of these cell lines with 5-methyl-THF were attributable to their different sensitivity to MTX. When metabolism of reduced folates was severely impaired by MTX and nitrous oxide, lymphocytes were rescued with 5 [methyl-14C]methyl-THF, and the uptake of 14C into DNA was measured. In corporation was very low, indicating that cellular oxidation of 5-methyl-THF to 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate is minimal even under forcing conditions. MTX selectively in vivo will be influenced by the level of methyltransferase in tumor and normal tissues. PMID- 6976825 TI - Mycosis fungoides d'emblee: a rare presentation of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - A case of the d'emblee variant of mycosis fungoides is presented to confirm the validity of this rare variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The patient had rapidly progressing cutaneous tumors of mycosis fungoides with no internal organ or nodal involvement at the onset of the disease. This was confirmed at a laparotomy, which was done to remove a uterine leiomyoma. The classic light microscopy was confirmed by electron microscopy. Postmortem findings showed a remarkable degree of "epitheliotropism." The d'emblee form of mycosis fungoides has been disputed by some who argue that these cases represent a lymphoma that begins elsewhere and has secondary skin involvement. In this patient there was an opportunity, within a few weeks of the onset of the problem, to do an extensive staging work-up, including laparotomy. No evidence of internal lymphoma was found. PMID- 6976827 TI - Effects of high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin on murine hemopoietic stem cells. AB - This study compares the effects of a high dose of methotrexate (HDMTX) to that of a high dose of methotrexate plus leucovorin protection on the hemopoietic stem cells in a murine model. C57BL X C3H F1 mice were treated with a single large bolus (500 mg/kg body weight) of methotrexate or with the same dose of the drug plus leucovorin administered in fractionated doses during the following 24 hr. At 1 to 2 days after the administration of HDMTX, there was a large bone marrow and spleen depopulation of pluripotent stem cells and of committed and recognizable progenitors. At 2 to 3 days, a severe fall of white blood cells and reticulocytes ensued. The recovery process of hemopoietic precursors followed alternate phases of overshooting and secondary falls. Leucovorin administration appeared to protect all stages of hemopoiesis and prevented the severe drops of bone marrow cellularity and stem cell content which followed the HDMTX bolus. However, the effect of leucovorin on peripheral blood cell reduction was less significant. After treatment with HDMTX, the recovery of bone marrow cells and the burst of splenic hemopoietic activity followed a pattern similar in both leucovorin protected and unprotected animals, but in the former, the increase in stem cells and hemopoietic progenitors appeared to reach higher values and to last longer. In particular, the overshooting of colony-forming units, culture and erythroid, reached a higher peak in leucovorin-treated mice and was more prolonged. Our results indicate that, in HDMTX-treated mice, leucovorin protection involves the earliest stages of hemopoiesis, assuring the maintenance of a satisfactory endowment of stem and progenitor cells. PMID- 6976828 TI - Selected applications of methotrexate alone and in combination in osteosarcoma. AB - Review of the reported use of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) with citrovorum factor rescue (CF) for treatment of primary and metastatic osteosarcoma indicates the rarity of responses in clinical situations other than treatment of the primary tumor or isolated pulmonary metastases with doses of 7.5 g/m2 or greater delivered on a weekly basis for 4 to 6 weeks. Adjuvant chemotherapy using HDMTX CF at triweekly intervals has led to 2-year disease-free survival rates that are inferior to those obtained with combinations of agents including HDMTX-CF Adriamycin (Adria), with or without vincristine, cyclophosphamide, phenylalanine mustard, bleomycin, and dactinomycin. We concluded that although HDMTX-CF has a role in the treatment of primary and metastatic osteosarcoma, its use in combination with other active agents offers greater potential advantage to affected patients. PMID- 6976829 TI - Clinical use of methotrexate--with emphasis on use of high doses. AB - The rationale for and the clinical use of regimens that utilize methotrexate (MTX) in high dose (greater than 500 mg/m2) are reviewed. Advantages of high pulse doses are (a) increased cell kill; (b) prevention or delay of resistance; (c) penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); and (d) relative lack of toxicity, if used with appropriate monitoring and patient surveillance. Disadvantages are its cost and the cost of patient followup required. Some examples of its use in combination illustrate the point that antagonistic as well as synergistic antitumor or antinormal cell effects can result, depending upon the sequence of administration of MTX and another drug. PMID- 6976831 TI - Surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate and folinic acid rescue for infiltrating tumors of the bladder. AB - Thirty-three patients with category T3 or T4 bladder cancer were treated by partial or total cystectomy followed by 6 to 12 courses of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) with folinic acid rescue. Survival at 2 years was 90%. Two patients were treated palliatively with HDMTX alone, one of whom is alive and disease free after 35 months. PMID- 6976833 TI - 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF) and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (Ara-A) in the treatment of refractory acute myelocytic leukemia. AB - The combination of 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF), a potent adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor, and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (Ara-A) was used in a patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia refractory to all conventional modes of therapy. DCF was given by periodic iv injections to ablate ADA activity. Ara-A was given by continuous iv infusion at an initial dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day, with progressive increases to 6 mg/kg/day. With adequate ADA suppression (less than 2 x 10(-2) mumols of inosine/hr/10(6)h cells), the Ara-A decreased the absolute peripheral blood myeloblast count from 36,332 to 780/microliter. The patient experienced no renal, hepatic, or neurologic complications during therapy. PMID- 6976830 TI - Treatment of central nervous system tumors with methotrexate. AB - Thirteen patients with primary and metastatic CNS tumors have been treated with methotrexate (MTX) using three different approaches: (a) high-dose MTX with leucovorin (LV) rescue; (b) high-dose MTX with carboxypeptidase (CPDG) rescue; and (c) intraventricular administration of low doses of MTX for extended periods (concentration X time [CXT]). Eleven patients had central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (one primary, one patient had recurrent medulloblastoma, and another patient had metastatic breast carcinoma. All 13 patients received high-dose MTX LV rescue, while 3 patients were subsequently given MTX-CPDG. One patient received MTX by all three modalities. In patients with CNS lymphomas, complete responses (45%) and partial responses (36%) produced CNS disease-free intervals ranging from 1 to 23+ months. Survival for the complete responders has thus far ranged from 2.5 to 35 months, while the partial responders survived from 3 to 5 months. Two patients failed to respond and survived 2.5 and 3 months. Responses were obtainable with high-dose MTX-CPDG in patients resistant to MTX-LV. One patient who became sensitized to CPDG subsequently responded to MTX by intraventricular CXT administration. Thus, MTX can be effectively administered to patients with CNS tumors by several different approaches. PMID- 6976832 TI - Prolonged disease-free survival in advanced breast cancer treated with "super CMF" adriamycin: an alternating regimen employing high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue. AB - Sixty-six patients were treated with the combination "super-CMF" as follows: cyclophosphamide 100 mg/m2 po days 2 through 14; methotrexate 3.0 g/m2 iv days 1 and 8; 5-fluorouracil 600 m g/m2 iv days 1 and 8; citrovorum factor rescue 10 mg/m2 iv days 2 and 9 and po days 2 through 4 and 9 through 11; and Adriamycin 70 to 90 mg/m2 iv day 29. This cycle was repeated at 49-day intervals. The single agent activity of high-dose methotrexate with rescue was first evaluated in breast cancer patients in a truncated phase II study; 3 of 19 had a partial response (greater than 50% regression of measurable lesions) after 2 to 6 weekly courses and another 6 to 19 had some objective evidence of response (greater than 25%, less than 50%). The response rate to the combination "super-CMF" was: complete response (CR) 15 of 55 evaluable patients (27%) and partial response (PR) 28 of 55 (51%). The median duration of response was 24.5 months and the median time to treatment failure was 21.6 months. Nineteen of these patients have completed 12 to 18 months of drug treatment and have been followed in continuing remission for 1 to 28 months without further therapy. The total response rate and the CR rate achieved with this regimen are substantial, and the durability of the responses appears to be considerably greater than that obtained with other drug combinations. PMID- 6976834 TI - Comparison of the effects on cultured L1210 leukemia cells of the ribosyl, 2' deoxyribosyl, and xylosyl homologs of tubercidin and adenosine alone or in combination with 2'-deoxycoformycin. AB - The biologic effects of a series of sugar-substituted analogs of tubercidin were evaluated and compared with the effects of the homologous series of adenosine analogs in combination with 2'-deoxycoformycin. The greatest cytotoxicity against cultured mouse L1210 leukemia cells was exhibited by tubercidin and by 3' deoxyadenosine or xylosyladenine in combination with 2'-deoxycoformycin. Somewhat less active were xylotubercidin and the combination of arabinosyladenine (araA) plus 2'-deoxycoformycin. The arabinosyl and 2'- and 3'-deoxyribosyl derivatives of tubercidin were relatively ineffective in their ability to inhibit proliferation of L1210 cells. The major biochemical effects of the most active agents were inhibition of RNA synthesis (3'-deoxyadenosine and xylosyladenine) and depletion of cellular ATP plus general inhibition of macromolecular synthesis (tubercidin). The in vitro activities of xylosyladenine and 3'-deoxyadenosine (in combination with 2'-deoxycoformycin) and xylotubercidin (as a single agent) were greater than or equivalent to that of araA (in combination with 2' deoxycoformycin). PMID- 6976835 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in breast cancer patients in relation to clinical stages. PMID- 6976836 TI - [Demonstration of B-lymphocytes in human peripheral blood using staphylococcal bacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976837 TI - Nuclear RNA is spliced in the absence of poly(A) addition. AB - Splicing of newly formed nuclear RNA transcripts has been demonstrated during adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) mRNA formation in HeLa cells in the presence of "cordycepin," 3' deoxyadenosine, a drug that stops poly(A) addition to nuclear RNA. Nuclear RNA prepared from Ad2-infected cells after a 30 min label time in the presence or absence of 3' deoxyadenosine was hybridized to and eluted from Ad2 DNA sequences in the transcription units of region E1b and region E2. The nuclear RNA from the 3' dA-treated cells did not contain poly(A) but did contain Ad2-specific molecules approximately 200 to 250 bases shorter than the spliced mRNAs of the control infected cells. In addition, the approximately 2 kb RNA from Ad2 region E2 was shown to have sequences that lie more than 3.5 kb apart on the DNA, suggesting that correct cutting and splicing of the primary transcript in the absence of poly(A) synthesis had occurred. Therefore, although poly(A) addition usually precedes splicing during mRNA formation, poly(A) is not required for splicing. PMID- 6976838 TI - Cell-cell interactions in early embryogenesis: a molecular approach to the role of calcium. AB - Compaction, a process of cell-cell adhesion between mouse blastomeres or between embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells requires calcium ions. A decompaction effect similar to that observed in the absence of Ca2+ is triggered by Fab fragments of rabbit anti-EC IgG. This effect occurs through the recognition of a specific cell surface glycoprotein named uvomorulin. An 84,000 dalton fragment of uvomorulin (UMt) has been previously extracted by trypsin from EC cell membranes and purified. WE present evidence that effects of Ca2+ on compaction are transmitted through conformational changes in uvomorulin. First, Ca2+ protects UMt from further proteolysis by trypsin. Mn2+ and Sr2+ have similar effects, whereas this protection is reversed by La3+. Second, UMt can bind the monoclonal antibody De1 only in the presence of Ca2+ (half-binding at 10(-5) M Ca2+). This antigenic exposure also takes place in the presence of Mn2+ or Sr2+ and is reversed by La3+. Third, metal ions (Ca2+, Mn2+, Sr2+) that promote trypsin resistance and recognition by DE1 are found to trigger the compaction of morulae and EC cells. Metal ions (La3+) that reduce trypsin resistance and affinity for DE1 result in decompaction. PMID- 6976839 TI - Immunologic considerations of red lesions of the oral mucosa. PMID- 6976840 TI - [Immediate treatment of a massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6976841 TI - Viral respiratory diseases: vaccines and antivirals. AB - Acute respiratory diseases, most of which are generally attributed to viruses, account for about 6% of all deaths and for about 60% of the deaths associated with all respiratory disease. The huge cost attributable to viral respiratory infections as a result of absenteeism and the disruption of business and the burden of medical care makes control of these diseases an important objective. The viruses that infect the respiratory tract fall taxonomically into five viral families. Although immunoprophylaxis would appear to be the logical approach, the development of suitable vaccines has been confronted with numerous obstacles, including antigenic drift and shift in the influenzaviruses, the large number of antigenically distinct immunotypes among rhinoviruses, the occurrence after immunization of rare cases of a severe form of the disease following subsequent natural infection with respiratory syncytial virus, and the risk of oncogenicity of adenoviruses for man. Considerable expenditure on the development of new antiviral drugs has so far resulted in only three compounds that are at present officially approved and licensed for use in the USA. Efforts to improve the tools available for control should continue and imaginative and inventive approaches are called for. However, creativity and ingenuity must operate within the constraints imposed by economic, political, ethical, and legal considerations. PMID- 6976843 TI - Prospects for the development of malaria vaccines. AB - The collection of epidemiological data on malaria in man dates from the time of the discovery of the human-pathogenic plasmodia, and, in retrospect, many of these observations can be seen to have an immunological connotation. This circumstantial evidence of the immunological phenomena in malaria was obtained during the first quarter of this century through the analysis of parasitological, clinical, and epidemiological data. The second quarter brought confirmation of the existence of a variety of immune phenomena in the naturally infected host, and the development of a number of animal models which proved to be useful in immunological studies. Also during that period the first successful attempts at inducing immune protection in experimental hosts were recorded. This work was considerably expanded during the 1970s and culminated in the evidence of sterilizing protective immunity against homologous challenge in human subjects immunized with irradiated sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. The development of immunodiagnostic methods, including serological techniques, made rapid progress during the same period. Recently, the application of the cell fusion (hybridoma) technique to malaria has made it possible to produce pure, monoclonal antibodies, some of which have proved to be protective. These monoclonal antibodies should be useful in the isolation of pure, specific antigens and the use of gene cloning, and recombinant DNA techniques seems to offer realistic prospects of success in mass production. Development in this area has gathered momentum rapidly and the fact that specialized industries are now interested in the production of malaria vaccines is evidence enough that such vaccines have moved into the sphere of possibility. PMID- 6976844 TI - [Research on whooping cough vaccine]. PMID- 6976842 TI - Progress in malaria vector control. AB - Malaria control, except in tropical Africa, will probably continue to be based to a large extent on the use of insecticides for many years. However, the development of resistance to insecticides in the vectors has caused serious difficulties and it is necessary to change the strategy of insecticide use to maximize their efficacy. A thorough knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of each vector species is required before the control strategy can be adapted to different epidemiological situations. The behavioural differences between sibling species have been recognized for several years, but study of this problem has recently been simplified by improved means of identification that involve chromosomal banding patterns and electrophoretic analysis. Behavioural differences have also been associated with certain chromosomal rearrangements.New records of insecticide resistance among anophelines continue to appear and the impact of this on antimalaria operations has been seriously felt in Central America (multi-resistance in Anopheles albimanus), Turkey (A. sacharovi), India and several Asian countries (A. culicifacies and A. stephensi), and some other countries. Work continues on the screening and testing of newer insecticides that can be used as alternatives, but DDT, malathion, temephos, fenitrothion, and propoxur continue to be used as the main insecticides in many malaria control projects. The search for simpler and innovative approaches to insecticide application also continues.Biological control of vectors is receiving increased attention, as it could become an important component of integrated vector control strategies, and most progress has been made with the spore-forming bacterium, serotype H-14 of Bacillus thuringiensis. Larvivorous fish such as Gambusia spp. and Poecilia spp. continue to be used in some programmes.Application of environmental management measures, such as source reduction, source elimination, flushing of drainage and irrigation channels, and intermittent irrigation have been re-examined and currently a great deal of interest is being shown in these approaches.There has been limited interest in the genetic control of mosquitos and the phenomenon of refractoriness in some strains of the disease vectors, with the idea of replacing the vector species with the refractory strain. More research is needed before this approach can become a practical tool.It is apparent that in future a more integrated approach will have to be used for vector control within the context of antimalaria programmes. Training of staff, research, and cooperation at all levels will be an essential requirement for this approach. PMID- 6976845 TI - The nature of malathion resistance in a population of Anopheles culicifacies Giles. AB - Malathion resistance in a population of Anopheles culicifacies from Maharashtra State in India, which also showed resistance to a number of other organophosphorus compounds, was found to be dominant in its expression. Most of the crossing and back-crossing results involving a susceptible population of the same species from Sri Lanka indicated the possible involvement of more than one genetic factor. The existence of such a broad spectrum of resistance, and experiments involving the use of the synergists triphenyl phosphate and piperonyl butoxide both suggest the presence of at least two mechanisms, one involving the specific carboxylesterase and the other the less specific mixed-function oxidase system. PMID- 6976846 TI - Clinical problems associated with the use of primaquine as a tissue schizontocidal and gametocytocidal drug. AB - Clinically important side-effects of primaquine are reviewed. These include gastrointestinal disturbances, methaemoglobinaemia, acute intravascular haemolysis in individuals deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and possibly immunosuppression through inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. Dosages of 30 or 45 mg (base) of primaquine, given at weekly intervals, are suitable for patients with G6PD deficiency. If possible, primaquine should not be administered until the acute symptoms of the malaria attack have been brought under control. PMID- 6976847 TI - Pharmacology of 8-aminoquinolines. AB - The 8-aminoquinolines were the first group of compounds to be synthesized specifically for their antimalarial activity. A large-scale research programme in the United States of America in the 1940s produced three new antimalarial drugs pentaquine, isopentaquine, and primaquine -of which primaquine was the most effective. This article reviews knowledge on the activity of these 8 aminoquinolines against all stages of the malaria parasite and suggests their possible modes of action. The toxic effects and possible causal mechanisms are also outlined. PMID- 6976848 TI - Studies on the pharmacokinetics of primaquine. AB - A sensitive and specific assay for primaquine in plasma and urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has been developed and used to study the plasma kinetics of primaquine. Preliminary studies on the effects of single and multiple oral doses have been carried out. In both cases the drug was completely, or almost completely, removed from the plasma in 24 h. The concentration of primaquine in the plasma usually reached a peak 1-2 hours after oral administration. The plasma elimination half-life was about 4 h. Less than 1% of the dose was detected in the urine collected over a 24-h period following drug ingestion. When Caucasian volunteers were given primaquine and chloroquine concurrently, some of them developed significant methaemoglobinaemia. Primaquine was not detectable in the plasma of any of the volunteers, 24 h after each daily dose. PMID- 6976849 TI - Metabolism of 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial agents. AB - Some of the most effective antimalarial agents are derivatives of 8 aminoquinoline. The metabolic products of many of these compounds appear to be toxic to the erythrocytes of certain human subjects, especially those deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Although a number of studies have been conducted over many years, the metabolism of most of these compounds has not been determined. These studies are reviewed.Adult dogs dosed with tritium-labelled primaquine were observed to excrete approximately 16% of the injected radioactivity in the urine within 8 hours. Organic extracts of the urine were fractionated by thin-layer chromatography and the metabolic pattern obtained. Some primaquine was excreted along with at least five metabolites including 5 hydroxy-6-methoxy-8-(4-amino-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline (5HPQ) and a small amount of 6-hydroxy-8-(4-amino-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline (6HPQ). The 5HPQ could form a quinoneimine-type compound which may be a methaemoglobin-forming compound. This and other metabolites isolated from urine were found to be active methaemoglobin formers in in vitro studies. In vitro metabolism of primaquine by mouse liver enzymes also produced compounds capable of methaemoglobin formation. One of these had a blue colour when exposed to alkaline conditions, air, and light, and mass spectral data and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated a structure similar to a 5,6-dihydroxy derivative of primaquine. However, the chemical structure of the metabolite was not identified in these studies. PMID- 6976851 TI - Subacute toxicity of primaquine in dogs, monkeys, and rats. AB - Certain derivatives of the 8-aminoquinolines have been shown to affect some blood constituents and haemopoiesis, to induce functional changes in the central nervous system, and to cause other organ lesions. The 8-aminoquinolines vary widely in their toxicity and ability to induce tissue damage in different laboratory animals. In the present study, the subacute toxicity of primaquine was studied in beagle dogs, rhesus monkeys, and albino rats. Based on body weight, the dog was more sensitive to primaquine than the monkey, while the rat was the least sensitive. In all three species, primaquine elevated the levels of serum transaminases, decreased the level of fasting blood glucose, and caused inflammatory and degenerative changes in the liver and kidneys. In addition, primaquine caused pneumonia and elevation of serum haptoglobin in the dog; erythrocytopenia in the monkey; reticulocytosis and the presence of nucleated erythrocytes in the rat; methaemoglobinaemia, thrombocytopenia, and inflammatory and degenerative changes of striated muscle (including the myocardium, diaphragm, tongue, and skeletal muscle) in the dog and rat; oedema and gliosis of the cerebral cortex in some monkeys; lymphoid depletion in the dog and monkey; and bile duct hyperplasia in some rats. PMID- 6976850 TI - Toxicology of the 8-aminoquinolines and genetic factors associated with their toxicity in man. AB - In vitro studies on primaquine have been carried out to examine its ability to stimulate the oxidative pathway of glucose metabolism in human erythrocytes and in vivo studies were carried out after ingestion of the drug to determine plasma levels and to investigate the formation of metabolites and the effects of the drug on human erythrocytes. These investigations showed that:1) Two mechanisms are involved in the stimulation of the oxidative pathway. This was demonstrated by comparing the effects of methylene blue, ascorbic acid, primaquine, and other drugs on normal, glutathione-reductase-deficient, and G6PD-deficient erythrocytes. A start was made towards classifying drugs according to the mechanism by which they stimulate CO(2) production.2) Following oral ingestion of primaquine, three as yet unidentified metabolites were present, two in the plasma and one in the urine. The rapid disappearance of primaquine from the plasma (within 24 hours) was confirmed.3) Two factors that stimulate glucose oxidation in human erythrocytes were found in plasma; one occurred only in fresh plasma, when EDTA was present, and the other occurred in all plasma and serum samples studied.4) The erythrocytes of blood drawn 24 hours after the ingestion of primaquine (after primaquine had disappeared from the plasma) showed increased ability to oxidize glucose.It is not yet known whether serum or plasma prepared from blood drawn 24 hours after ingestion of primaquine has the ability to increase the oxidation of glucose. PMID- 6976852 TI - Development of new derivatives of primaquine by association with lysosomotropic carriers. AB - On the basis of the drug-carrier concept of chemotherapy, we entrapped primaquine in liposomes, and linked it to an amino acid (leucine), and to peptides (alanyl leucine and alanyl-leucyl-alanyl-leucyl) as intermediate steps in the synthesis of covalent primaquine-glycoprotein conjugates that would be selectively recognized by hepatocytes.The therapeutic activity of these compounds was tested in mice infected with sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei. Causal prophylatic cures were obtained after a single intravenous injection of primaquine-liposomes (60-70 mg of primaquine/kg of bodyweight) and lower doses (35 mg of primaquine/kg of bodyweight) of ala-leu-primaquine and ala-leu-ala-leu-primaquine.The administration of such high doses was only possible as a result of the decreased toxicity of primaquine when entrapped in liposomes and confirms the validity of the drug-carrier concept for the treatment of malarial infections. The improved chemotherapeutic index of ala-leu-primaquine and ala-leu-ala-leu-primaquine resulted from their decreased toxicity and increased chemotherapeutic activity. These peptide derivatives are probably acting as pro-drugs of primaquine. PMID- 6976853 TI - Considerations about the structure-activity relationships of 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs. AB - A discussion of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs is presented. Consideration is given to the potential role of metabolic transformations in the in vivo activation of 8-aminoquinolines. It is emphasized that the mechanism of action of 8-aminoquinoline agents has not yet been established and thus any analysis of SAR must be speculative. PMID- 6976855 TI - Nomenclature of the alternative activating pathway of complement. AB - This terminology note outlines for the first time a standard nomenclature for the alternative activating pathway of complement. It was drafted by a group of experts working under the auspices of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS), and has been approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the IUIS. PMID- 6976854 TI - New tissue schizontocidal antimalarial drugs. AB - Over 700 causal prophylactic and radical curative antimalarial drugs have been discovered during the screening of approximately 4000 chemical compounds in rodent and simian malaria models. Causal prophylactic activity in the Plasmodium berghei-rodent model was demonstrated by 10 distinct groups of chemicals: 1) tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase inhibitors, 2) naphthoquinones, 3) dihydroacridinediones, 4) tetrahydrofurans, 5) guanylhydrazones, 6) analogues of clopidol, 7) quinoline esters, 8) dibenzyltetrahydro-pyrimidines, 9) 6 aminoquinolines, 10) 8-aminoquinolines.Of the causal prophylactic compounds, only the 6- and 8-aminoquinolines were capable of curing persistent exoerythrocytic infections of P. cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys. The 6-aminoquinolines were substantially less active than primaquine.This report describes a series of 4 methyl-5-phenoxy-6-methoxy-8-aminoquinolines, which are potent blood schizontocides and radical curative drugs. The most active member of this series, 4-methyl-5-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-6-methoxy-8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)| amino]quinoline succinate (WR 225448), was 5 times more active than primaquine in curing persistent exoerythrocytic infections of P. cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys.As a blood schizontocide, WR 225448 was effective in animal models against P. berghei, P. cynomolgi, P. vivax, and both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of P. falciparum. WR 225448 was also more toxic than primaquine in rats on subacute (28-day) administration. PMID- 6976856 TI - Typing of genetic variants of alpha 1-antitrypsin by electrofocusing. PMID- 6976859 TI - Left ventricular assist device support. Twenty-one-month survival. PMID- 6976858 TI - A family with deficiencies of both alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin. PMID- 6976860 TI - Lysosomal enzymes in normal and leukemic B lymphocytes. AB - Eleven lysosomal enzyme activities were tested in lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The activities of all enzymes, except acid phosphatase, were significantly lower in the leukemic lymphocytes (p less than 0.001). In addition the activities were tested in purified T- and non-T lymphocytes and in monocytes. For most enzymes the activities are similar in the three cell types, except for alpha-D-galactosidase, arylsulphatase B and alpha-D-glucosidase, which are lower in T lymphocytes, and N acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase which is lower in non-T cells. In T and B lymphoblastic cell lines the activities are within the range for leukemic lymphocytes. No differences were found between the T and the B cell lines. PMID- 6976857 TI - Urinary p-aminobenzoic acid determined in the pancreatic function test by liquid chromatography, with electrochemical detection. AB - We describe a liquid-chromatographic procedure for determining urinary p aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in the exocrine pancreatic function test. The urine specimen, collected for 6 h after oral administration of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p aminobenzoic acid, is hydrolyzed in 4 mol/L NaOH containing m-hydroxybenzoic acid as internal standard, to free PABA metabolites, then diluted and injected into the chromatograph. PABA and the internal standard are eluted from a reversed phase C18 column with phosphate buffer (0.2 mol/L, pH 3.5)/acetonitrile, 87.5/12.5 (by vol), and detected with an electrochemical detector at +1100 mV. Urinary PABA concentration as measured by this method agreed well with that by colorimetry involving p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde. The present procedure is specific for PABA, precise, and fairly rapid. We hope that the present method will minimize instances of interference from drugs, which cannot be avoided in the colorimetric method. PMID- 6976863 TI - Comparison of the colony-forming capacities of human T-lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6976862 TI - Circulating immune complexes in Behcet's syndrome: purification, characterization and cross-reactivity studies. AB - The C1q-binding assay was performed on 30 sera from patients with Behcet's syndrome and circulating immune complexes were found in 46%. Circulating immune complexes were isolated and purified from the sera of two patients by immunoadsorption on a column of polymethylmetacrylate beads coated with C1q and then labelled with 125I. In double immunodiffusion these purified immune complexes were found to contain IgG, C1q, C1s and C3. Anti-IgG activity was not detectable in the purified immune complexes while specific cross-reactivity was found in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay with the majority of the sera of behcet's syndrome. PMID- 6976866 TI - Effect of bursectomy on development of a spontaneous postnatal amelanosis. PMID- 6976865 TI - Zinc deficiency, depressed thymic hormones, and T lymphocyte dysfunction in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6976864 TI - Autoimmune glomerulonephritis and hemolytic anemia in a new laboratory animal, the Afghan pika. PMID- 6976867 TI - Retrograde aortic dissection during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Femoral artery perfusion for cardiopulmonary bypass is still employed for reoperation, procedures involving the thoracic aorta, and partial bypass in critical patients. Retrograde aortic dissection is the most significant complication of femoral perfusion. The reported incidence is from 0.6% to 14% with a mortality of 66%. Most of the deaths occurred in patients in whom the dissection was not recognized , or in whom the dissection was recognized but not treated appropriately. Our experience with retrograde dissection totals six patients of 640 (0.9%) in whom femoral inflow was used. Four of the six patients survived the dissection. Sudden increase in extracorporeal line pressure shortly after beginning cardiopulmonary bypass associated with decreased venous return, dampened radial arterial pressure, and the abrupt appearance of a bluish, bulging ascending aorta establishes the diagnosis. Survival is enhanced if cardiopulmonary bypass is promptly discontinued, aortic cannulation established, and bypass reinstituted with the induction of profound hypothermia. Circulatory arrest may then be employed to repair the false passage. In this series the proposed operation was completed in all six patients. PMID- 6976868 TI - Congenital hepatic fibrosis with gastrointestinal bleeding in early infancy. AB - We report a case of a 19-month-old infant with congenital hepatic fibrosis. The clinical features consisted of portal hypertension with massive gastrointestinal bleeding, recurrent cholangitis, and cystic dysplasia of the kidneys, without impairment of renal function. The dramatic course of the disease required surgical treatment. Congenital hepatic fibrosis with life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding is extremely rare below three years of age. The purpose of the present report is to stress the need of looking for varices in all cases of congenital hepatic fibrosis, even when occurring in early infancy. PMID- 6976861 TI - Immune complexes in early arthritis. L Detection of immune complexes before rheumatoid arthritis is definite. AB - Fifty-three patients with early arthritis were studied longitudinally for up to 3 years. During this time, 24 developed sufficient features for definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to be diagnosed. The other (arthralgia patients) differed from the RA patients as, in the majority, C-reactive protein and ESR were normal and anti nuclear antibodies or rheumatoid factors were rarely found. Moreover, in time their signs and symptoms improved or disappeared. Circulating immune complexes were detected in both groups of patients by the platelet aggregation test whereas complexes detected by abnormal Clq-binding activity were found mainly in the RA patients. Platelet-aggregating complexes were usually present in the first samples studied and disappeared in the arthralgia patients with recovery from their symptoms. In the RA patients, Clq-binding complexes appeared simultaneously or later than platelet-aggregating complexes but both tests were positive several months before RA could be diagnosed. These results suggest that immune complexes are one of the first immunological abnormalities to appear in patients with arthritis. Although the constituent antigen and antibody of complexes detected by either test are unknown, their possible nature is discussed. PMID- 6976869 TI - Hepatitis B - a review of the problem for dentists. PMID- 6976871 TI - The Sargenti N2 root canal treatment. PMID- 6976870 TI - Evaluation of interproximal cleaning by two types of dental floss. PMID- 6976873 TI - Environmental alternatives in the dental office. Psychosomatic implications. PMID- 6976872 TI - Caries reduction by a dentifrice containing sodium monofluorophosphate in a calcium carbonate base. Partial explanation for diminishing caries prevalence. PMID- 6976874 TI - Reasons for early removal of impacted third molars. PMID- 6976875 TI - Practice teaching in preclinical operative dentistry. PMID- 6976877 TI - Taste preferences among children and dental hygienists for sweetened and unsweetened toothpastes. PMID- 6976876 TI - Removable partial denture. I. Examination, prognosis, and treatment planning. PMID- 6976878 TI - Hard and soft tissue damage accompanying orthodontic therapy. PMID- 6976879 TI - Severe megaloblastic bone marrow change associated with unsuspected mild vitamin B12 deficiency. AB - Two patients are reported who developed peripheral blood abnormalities and marked megaloblastic bone marrow change within eleven days of cardiac bypass surgery. The patients were shown to have unsuspected mild vitamin B12 deficiency due to Addisonian pernicious anaemia. The megaloblastic changes were presumed to be precipitated by the increased demand for erythrocytes and platelets after surgery. PMID- 6976880 TI - Social interaction and the development of definite descriptions. PMID- 6976883 TI - Contrast enhancement visualized by computerized tomography in acute multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6976881 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of enlarged, ectatic basilar artery associated with obstruction of the anterior third ventricle. PMID- 6976882 TI - Computed tomography in nonketotic hyperglycinemia. PMID- 6976884 TI - Pulmonary venous-bronchial fistula following left atrial pressure line insertion: iatrogenic cause of air embolism following cardiac surgery. AB - A 65-year-old patient sustained massive air embolism after the needle used for left atrial pressure line insertion punctured the posterior wall of the superior pulmonary vein, entering the middle lobe bronchus and causing a pulmonary venous bronchus fistula. This is an apparently heretofore unrecognized potential cause of massive air embolism following cardiac surgery. PMID- 6976885 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery in a patient with situs inversus. PMID- 6976888 TI - Electrical suppression of tinnitus. AB - The occasional suppression of tinnitus during electrical stimulation of the ear with positive currents has been investigated in 106 patients presenting with any degree of hearing impairment (whether of known or unknown aetiology) from profound deafness to near-normal pure-tone thresholds. Seventy-four percent of these patients presented with tinnitus localized in the ipsilateral ear at the time of examination. The suppression was totally effective in 60% of patients during stimulation through a round-window electrode. The suppression, partial or complete, was obtained in only 43% of patients when stimulation was from the promontory electrode, which served first as a recording electrode for electrocochleography. The sensations (hearing induction and/or tinnitus suppression, and dizziness) during and after the stimulation were evaluated with respect to polarity, intensity and frequency of the electrical impulses. This procedure had several objectives: (1) to confirm the eventual suppression of tinnitus by positive currents; (2) to serve as a tool to differentiate between various types of tinnitus; (3) to assess the possible clinical application for the long-term relief to some patients suffering from tinnitus; (4) to evaluate the possibility of artificial auditory stimulation in profoundly deaf subjects; and (5) to bring some hope to highly disturbed patients. PMID- 6976890 TI - [Diagnosis of intrahepatic neoplasms. Liver scintigraphy, sonography and transmission computed tomography]. PMID- 6976889 TI - [Indications for brain scintigraphy]. PMID- 6976886 TI - Single dose kinetics of mefloquine in man. Plasma levels of the unchanged drug and of one of its metabolites. AB - Oral single dose kinetics of mefloquine was investigated in 16 male volunteers, 3 Caucasians and 13 African natives. Unchanged mefloquine (= M) and one of its metabolites (= MM) were measured in the plasma. The apparent half-life of absorption of M ranged from 0.36 to 2.0 h, its terminal half-life of elimination from 15 to 33 days. Assuming complete systemic availability, an apparent volume of distribution of 14-29 liters x kg-1 and a total clearance of 18-39 ml x min-1 were derived. MM given orally to mice or rats showed at equal dose the same tolerance as mefloquine. Following oral administration of M to man, plasma levels of MM surpassed those of M, resulting in a 2.4-5.1 larger AUC. However, because of its much smaller apparent volume of distribution, MM may be anticipated to represent only a small percentage of the dose and therefore to contribute only to a minor extent towards the unwanted side effects of the drug. PMID- 6976887 TI - Changes in nuclear volume of neurocytes containing lipofuscin pigment in the medulla oblongata of the brain of Rana temporaria l. in the annual cycle. AB - Sexually mature females and males of Rana temporaria L. having a similar length, were captured directly in their natural habitat in 7 periods of the annual cycle. The volume of the nuclei of the medulla oblongata (MO) cells containing lipofuscin in pigment (LFP) showed significant changes in a year. In both sexes their cell nuclei showed the maximal volume in the phase preceding the mating period (1st decade of March), and relatively high volume in the middle stage of active life on land (2nd decade of July). Directly after the periods of high activity, a considerable decrease in the volume of the nuclei of the examined neurocytes was proved i.e. during the mating period (3rd decade of March) and in the final phase of active life (1st decade of September). Except for the middle stage of active life on land, the changes in the activity of the examinated neurocytes are positively correlated with the changes of the level of intercellular lipofuscins. PMID- 6976891 TI - Role of the liver in the homeostasis of calciferol metabolism in the dog. PMID- 6976892 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor on collagen formation in liver-derived epithelial clone cells. AB - Biochemical and morphological studies were made on the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF), isolated from male mouse submandibular gland, on collagen formation in clone RLC-18(4) epithelial cells from rat liver. EGF did not affect the number of these cells. EGF in the range of 0.5-500 ng/ml caused a dose-dependent increase in the content of hydroxyproline. It also increased the content of acidic glycosaminoglycans (AGAG), which are thought to be closely related to the formation of collagen fibers, and increased the activity of glutamine glucose-6 phosphate aminotransferase, an enzyme for AGAG synthesis but not that of N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase, an enzyme for AGAG degradation. It has no significant effect on the protein content of the cells. Studies on the effect of actinomycin D indicated that EGF may enhance de novo synthesis of hydroxyproline in liver epithelial cells and also that of glutamine glucose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, thus increasing the AGAG content of the cells. Antibody to EGF largely blocked collagen formation in the cells, even in the absence of EGF, indicating that EGF or EGF-like substances in the serum may affect collagen formation. In rat liver fibroblasts, EGF had little effect on collagen formation. These results show that EGF may act as a regulatory factor in collagen formation in liver epithelial cells, but not liver mesenchymal cells, in vitro. PMID- 6976893 TI - An experimentally designed high dose simultaneous combination of a diaminopyrimidine and folinic acid for the treatment of human malignancies. PMID- 6976896 TI - The toleration of rat thymocytes to xenogeneic erythrocytes: kinetics of induction and recovery. AB - The intravenous injection of large doses of xenogeneic erythrocytes into rats completely abrogated the ability of thymocytes from such animals to provide help for antierythrocyte antibody responses in an adoptive transfer system. Thymocyte tolerance developed at a time when the thymocyte donors were producing antibody to the tolerizing antigen, and spleen helper T cells were not tolerized by the injection protocol. A minimum of two injections of 1 ml of packed erythrocytes, spaced 4 - 5 days apart, was required to induce loss of helper activity. Tolerance was fully developed within 16 h of the last injection of antigen. Helper activity recovered over a 24-h period starting 5 days after this injection but could be delayed by giving further injections of antigen. These results suggest that the intrathymic pool of cells with assayable helper activity turns over in about one day and that precursors of this pool are probably also tolerable. Suppressor cells could not be detected in tolerant thymocyte populations indicating that the loss of helper activity was either a consequence of clonal inactivation or that an antigen-specific mechanism existed for the recruitment of helper cells from the thymus. The significance of these findings to the acquisition of self-tolerance is discussed. PMID- 6976894 TI - Marginal zones: the major B cell compartment of rat spleens. AB - The marginal zones of rat and human spleens are a broad band of cells, which surround the small lymphocyte area of the white pulp. Staining for acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity indicates that the majority of cells in this compartment are intermediate-sized lymphocytes. Macrophages only form a minor component. Using quantitative histology, it is shown that the marginal zones are the largest white pulp compartment in terms of volume. They contain approximately as many lymphocytes as the small lymphocyte zones. The cells of the marginal zone are strongly C3- and Fc receptor-positive. While the cells of this zone have demonstratable surface membrane Ig, it is difficult to exclude that this is not passively absorbed. Other means were therefore sought to determine the lineage of lymphocytes in this area. First, the cells in this zone do not bear appreciable quantities of the rat T cell selective antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody W313. Second, marginal zone cells are present in normal numbers in congenitally athymic "nude" rats. Finally, marginal zones do not become populated with lymphocytes in rats treated from birth with anti-mu antibody. Further experiments showed that marginal zone lymphocytes do not recirculate. PMID- 6976897 TI - Conditions of adherent cell growth from murine bone marrow in liquid cultures, and partial characterization of function. AB - The number of adherent colonies grown and the type of their growth were influenced by both the serum and the medium used for the culture. The test results were obtained using either Dulbecco MEM, TC-199 or NCTC-109 together with 10% fetal calf serum and 10% horse serum (FCS/HS). Murine marrow cultures made in these conditions gave the linear relationship between the number of cells explanted (in the range 5 X 10(3) cells/ml to 5 X 10(6) cells/ml) nd the number of macroscopic adherent colonies grown. The number of colonies reached plateau by day 9 of culture and did not increase for up to 90 days of culture. Adherent colony forming cells disappeared from the liquid phases of such cultures within 3 days. Adherent layer formed had the capacity to support maintenance of spleen colony forming units and produced colony stimulating factor (CSF). This CSF supported 4-day granulocyte and macrophage colony formation in liquid cultures but not 7-day granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in semisolid medium. Therefore, the described culture system allowed to quantitatively grow cells responsible for some properties attributed to hemopoietic microenvironment (HM), possessed defined growth characteristics and may be utilized for further in vitro studies of HM. PMID- 6976898 TI - Nonspecific acid esterase activity as a marker for canine T lymphocytes. AB - Canine T lymphocytes are as yet poorly defined. Since focal paranuclear positivity for nonspecific esterase (alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase--ANAE) has been shown to be a reliable marker for T cells in humans and mice, canine lymphoid tissue sections, and cell suspensions were stained for this enzyme. Sections of five lymph nodes and 11 puppy thymuses displayed the same distribution patterns of focally ANAE-positive cells as were found in humans and mice in both organs: in thymuses only the medulla contained positive cells, and in lymph nodes only the thymus-dependent, paracortical zones, but not central areas of germinal centers, displayed focal ANAE reactivity. Furthermore, 56-78% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 60-71% of thoracic duct lymphocytes, and 10-15% of suspended thymus cells were positive for ANAE. It is concluded that focal ANAE reactivity is a marker for a canine T cell subpopulation. PMID- 6976895 TI - Cells of the marginal zone of the spleen are lymphocytes derived from recirculating precursors. AB - The origin of the B cells of splenic marginal zones was studied using transfer experiments in rats depleted of marginal-zone cells. Cyclophosphamide given as a single dose of 500 mg/m2 was used to deplete the marginal zones. Approximately 90% depletion was still apparent 10 days after treatment. Fetal liver cells did not induce rapid repopulation of the marginal zone. Also bone marrow cells from rats depleted of recirculating lymphocytes were inefficient in this respect. Conversely, thoracic duct lymphocytes and bone marrow cells from normal rats were efficient at restoring marginal-zone cell numbers in cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Thoracic duct cells passaged through an irradiated intermediate host and collected from that host's thoracic duct were also efficient at achieving marginal-zone reconstitution. In rats receiving 1000 rd whole body irradiation, which were protected with fetal liver cell transfer, marginal zones did repopulate at about 3 weeks. It is concluded that marginal-zone B cells, after leaving primary lymphoid organs, enter the recirculating pool for a period of at least several days before settling in the marginal zone. The turnover rate of marginal-zone cells was assessed using tritiated thymidine infusion. Most marginal-zone cells were not labeled after 5 days continuous labeling suggesting that the marginal-zone B cells are not rapidly dividing. PMID- 6976899 TI - The termination of cutaneous nerves in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in normal and in skin-rotated frogs. AB - Following transganglionic transport of cobaltic lysine applied to the cut end of cutaneous nerves, the central terminal arbours were filled to such an extent that it was possible to visualize the dermatomal projection upon the dorsal horn in unoperated and in skin-rotated frogs. Sensory nerves of the trunk skin terminate in an oval-shaped area which probably corresponds to laminae 1-3 (or 1-4) in the mammalian spinal cord. One type of terminating collateral had a restricted terminal field either in the medial, or in the lateral, part of the oval-shaped area. Another type ended with a large terminal arbour covering almost the total extent of the oval shaped area. These terminal arbours were found for both the dorsal and the ventral cutaneous nerves. Dorsal cutaneous nerves projected preferentially to the lateral part, while ventral cutaneous nerves projected to the medial part, but both nerves sent a significant contingent of collaterals to the whole extent of the oval-shaped area. A rearrangement of the central projection patterns of the dorsal cutaneous nerves, consistently mediating misdirected responses, was not observed in skin-rotated frogs. Collaterals of trunk skin nerves terminated exclusively in the thoracic segments; they did not enter the limb-innervating (brachial and lumbosacral) segments of the spinal cord. The results corroborate the crossed pattern of sensory input in the dermatomal projection. The large, extensively overlapping, areas of termination of individual skin nerves suggest that wiping responses mediated by these nerves should be regarded as complex behaviour released from a preprogrammed centre rather than a reflex arc in which the presence specificity would be determined by wiring specificity. PMID- 6976901 TI - Pneumocystis carinii: freeze-fracture study of stages of the organism. PMID- 6976902 TI - Leishmania tropica: association of a B-cell mitogen with hypergammaglobulinemia in mice. PMID- 6976903 TI - T-cell leukemia induced by 1-propyl-1-nitrosourea in Fischer rats. PMID- 6976904 TI - Effect of hypercholesterolemia on the in vitro production of granulocytes and monocytes in the chick. PMID- 6976905 TI - Plasmacellular lymphadenopathy produced in rats by tin. PMID- 6976909 TI - Bleeding disorders and injuries. PMID- 6976908 TI - [Effect of focused ultrasound on the destroyed auditory labyrinth of Rana temporaria]. PMID- 6976907 TI - Research on heterocyclic compounds. XII - Preparation and antiinflammatory activity of 2-methylimidazo [1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acids. AB - The synthesis of a series of 2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acids was accomplished by reacting some 2-aminopyridines with ethyl 2 chloroacetoacetate and then hydrolyzing the resulting ethyl carboxylates. Such new carboxylic acids were evaluated for antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and ulcerogenic activities. PMID- 6976906 TI - [Correlation of the antiexudative, analgesic and antipyretic components in the action of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory preparations]. AB - Experimental carragenin paw edema in rats, crams in rats induced by acetic acid, and yeast fever in rats were used to study antiexudative, analgetic and antipyretic action of 9 present-day non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, amidopyrin, analgin, phenylbutazone, mephenamic acid, voltaren, ibuprofen, indomethacin, naproxen). The correlation of individual types of anti-inflammatory activity was characterized in each drug. Of the drugs studied, the most pronounced anti-inflammatory action was exhibited by voltaren; indomethacin and naproxen were found to be less active. It was shown that the methods for the appraisal of the drugs activity make it possible to study not only their anti-inflammatory activity but also the effect on the inflammation mediators. PMID- 6976910 TI - Immunopotentiation of tumor-bearing and toxohormone treated mice by human ceruloplasmin. AB - Human ceruloplasmin was shown to have a restorative effect on the decrease of delayed hypersensitivity in sarcoma-180-bearing mice and of helper T-cell activity in cell-free. Ehrlich cancerous ascitic fluid-treated mice. Furthermore, it was also shown that ceruloplasmin augments the in vivo generation of alloreactive cytotoxic cell which consist of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, cytotoxic macrophages and K cells. PMID- 6976900 TI - Tonic influence from one labyrinth onto the contralateral one. An electrophysiological study in the frog. AB - In the frog's isolated head preparations, spontaneous activity was recorded from the whole nerve of the left horizontal semicircular canal (HC) for 6 min before and 16 min after destruction of the right labyrinth by heating or administration of d-tubocurarine (0.5 microliter, 5.10(-6)M) into the perilymph of the right labyrinth. Just after destruction on the right labyrinth, spontaneous activity of the left HC nerve abruptly increased by 20-400% in 24 preparations out of the 40 studied; activity then increased slowly and regularly and in most cases reached a steady level. In the 16 other preparations such destruction had no effect (15 preparations) or elicited a slight decrease of the HC nerve activity (one preparation). After curare administration, the spontaneous activity of the left HC nerve decreased by 20-100% in 27 preparations out of the 40 studied; in most cases such a decrease was reversed 25-80 min after administration of the drug. The spontaneous discharges were unaffected in 11 preparations and slightly increased in the two others. Destruction of the right labyrinth or administration of curare never modified spontaneous activity recorded from the left HC nerve when the connections between the two labyrinths had been interrupted either by sagittal section of the medulla oblongata or section of the right vestibular nerve close to the brain stem. These results demonstrate that one labyrinth has a tonic inhibitory influence on the contralateral one. PMID- 6976912 TI - Vascular-enteric fistula: diagnosis by colonoscopy. PMID- 6976911 TI - A hypothesis on the etiology of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. AB - The results of the nationwide survey performed by the T- and B-cell Malignancy Study Group revealed that adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) was prevalent in limited zones in Kyushu, mainly in coastal areas, warm in winter and humid in summer. It was found that the geographical distribution of filariasis was very similar to that of ATLL. It is known that filariasis affects lymphatic vessels and results in several lymphoreticular ailments, and microfilaria is transmitted by mosquitoes infected with some kinds of not yet fully identified viruses. From analyses of the time trends of the average weight and height of school children by prefecture, it is suggested that the nutritional condition of inhabitants in Kyushu might have been poorer than that of inhabitants of other areas in Japan, especially in the past. In order to elucidate the etiology of ATLL, relevant geographic-pathological information and other related information was accumulated and an etiological hypothesis was formulated. It was hypothesised that repeated exposure to filarial antigen and some viruses might have played an important role in the etiology of ATLL and that undernutrition had also contributed to the progression of ATLL. PMID- 6976913 TI - Endoscopic injection sclerosis of esophageal varices: A/S/G/E survey. PMID- 6976914 TI - [Immunological investigation in primary open angle glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - It is a matter of discussion in literature, if autoimmunological processes are involved in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma. Therefore we determined circulating Clq binding immune complexes, collagen antibodies, antinuclear antibodies and anit-nDNA-antibodies in the sera of patients with this disease. The result of our investigation and of recent papers lead to the conclusion that autoimmunological processes- are not involved in the pathogenesis of primary open angel glaucoma. PMID- 6976919 TI - Macrophage-dependent production of erythropoietin and colony-stimulating factor. PMID- 6976916 TI - Childhood histiocytosis X: clinical aspects and therapeutic approaches. PMID- 6976917 TI - Therapy in pulmonary histiocytosis X. AB - Clinical findings and course of the disease are described in six patients suffering from pulmonary histiocytosis X. Diagnosis was suspected when a reticulonodular pattern was detected by conventional X-ray or by computerized tomography of the lungs. Laboratory tests were altered nonspecifically, and lung function was impaired. Signs of the disease improved spontaneously in one patient and when cytostatics were given in two of five patients. To judge the course of the disease, repeated controls of lung function parameters - besides roentgenographic methods - were of particular value. PMID- 6976918 TI - The role of complement in the function of the monocyte - macrophage system. AB - In parallel to the behavior of many agents that activate complement via the alternative pathway and can stimulate macrophages to secrete lysosomal enzymes we investigated the interaction of mouse peritoneal macrophages cultured in a serum free medium with various stimuli such as zymosan, polyanions, collagen type II, and immune complexes prepared from tetanus toxoid and pooled human anti-tetanus toxoid F(ab)2. All these stimuli induced the release of hydrolytic enzymes from macrophage in culture. The release was time and dose dependent and is not associated with loss of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase or any other sign of cell death. The mechanism of macrophage activation by these various agents is unknown. Macrophages have surface receptors for Fc and C3b with the capacity to bind immune complexes or C3b, respectively, and this is followed by activation of the cells. Activation via the Fc part can be excluded in these experiments. The possibility therefore arose that macrophages might be stimulated by endogenous C3 via the C3b receptor, since it is known that all the substances mentioned above can activate C3. To confirm this hypothesis we tried to inhibit this reaction by using an anti-C3-Fab preparation. There was hardly any detectably enzyme release after adding the anti-C3-Fab (dose dependent) together with the various stimuli to the macrophages. An unrelated Fab preparation showed no inhibitory effect. Furthermore, incubation of macrophages and the stimuli together with beta 1H and C3bINA abolished the effect to activate the macrophages. The observations now presented focus attention to the possibility that endogenous C3 could play a role in the stimulation of mouse peritoneal macrophages by various activators of the alternative pathway. PMID- 6976920 TI - Inhibition of activated factors II, VII, IX, and X by synthetic organic compounds directed against the active-site seryl residue. AB - A series of 53 organic chemicals belonging to the groups of organic phosphates, sulfonyl derivatives and carbamates were screened for their activity against the coagulation factors IIa (thrombin), VIIa, IXa and Xa. Relatively specific inhibitors for the factors IIa, VIIa and Xa were found. PMID- 6976915 TI - Role of autologous lymphocyte cytotoxicity in colonic neoplasia. AB - The T-lymphocyte mediated killing of autologous carcinoma colon cells was investigated. There was no change in the incidence of activity with advanced disease, age, or nutritional status of the patient and no difference could be demonstrated in lymphocytes extracted from blood, draining lymph nodes, or the tumour itself. Nevertheless. T-lymphocyte activity did appear to be specific for the patients's own tumour, as it was rarely observed with allogeneic tumours. There was also no correlation with lymphocyte natural killer activity. The in vitro studies demonstrated patient specific T-lymphocyte activity in 23 of 47 patients with carcinoma of the colon, but the results do not correlate with clinical and pathological findings. PMID- 6976921 TI - [Inhibitory action of urogastrone from pregnant horses urine on gastric acid secretion (author's transl)]. AB - Inhibitory actions of urogastrone (UG) on gastric acid secretion induced by tetragastrin (TG), histamine (Hist) and carbachol (Cach) were compared with cimetidine (Cime), atropine (Atr), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in acute conscious fistula rats. The inhibitory actions of UG were TG greater than Cach greater than or equal to Hist; those of Cime, Cach greater than TG greater than or equal to Hist; those of Atr or PGE2, Cach greater than TG greater than Hist; and those of EGF, TG greater than Hist greater than or equal to Cach. The times required for the maximal inhibition were faster in the order of EGF greater than Cime greater than Atr greater than UG on TG and Hist; Cime greater than EGF=Atr greater than UG on Cach. After vagotomy, the type of inhibition of UG changed to that of Atr and Cach was more evidently inhibited than methacholine by UG. The above data suggest that the inhibitory actions of UG or EGF on gastrin are more specific than Cime, Atr or PGE2 and inhibitory action of UG is slower and longer than Cime, Atr, PGE2 or EGF. PMID- 6976922 TI - [Treatment of ischemic disease of the lower extremities with diadynamic current]. PMID- 6976923 TI - [H-MTX-CF treatment and osteogenic sarcoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6976925 TI - Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, multilobated type. AB - Three cases of a new type of lymphoma of the skin are described. Clinical manifestations were the development of papules, nodules and tumours which slowly progressed in size and extent in one region of the skin of elderly men. Dissemination to a regional lymph node occurred in only one. Histopathologically the lesions demonstrated a variably perivascular or diffuse dermal infiltrate often with a nodular configuration and sparing the epidermis and a clear subepidermal zone. The infiltrates were dominated by abnormal lymphoid cells with irregular nuclei and blast cells exhibiting a characteristic combination of multilobated nuclei with marginal nucleoli. By immunological and enzyme cytochemical methods the cells were identified as T lymphocytes. It is suggested that the cases described represent different parts of spectrum running from lymphocytoma cutis-like conditions to disseminated malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6976924 TI - [The in vitro proliferative response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with purified concanavalin A and the analysis of subpopulations of T cells (author's transl)]. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were separated from anticoagulated peripheral blood using the Ficoll-Conraxin-L gradient technique, and were cultured with various concentrations of highly purified concanavalin A (Con A (F3)). Tritiated thymidine incorporation in these cultures was measured. PBL responded well to low doses of Con A (F3) and high doses of Con A (F3), and the dose-response curve to Con A (F3) of PBL seemed to show that bimodal proliferative response with a notch or a peak at 5--6 micrograms/ml of Con A (F3) and the other peak at the higher doses of Con A (F3). As it has been well known that E-rosette-forming cells (E-RFC) in human peripheral blood can be subdivided into two T-cell subpopulations on the basis of their relative affinity for sheep red blood cell (SRBC), we have examined how these T-cell subpopulations could responded to Con A (F3) at varying concentrations. We found that "Low-affinity E RFC" could be optimally stimulated by Con A (F3) at 5--6 micrograms/ml, while "High-affinity E-RFC" at 8--12 micrograms/ml. 3H-thymidine incorporation of high affinity E-RFC was strikingly increased at low doses of Con A (F3) when low affinity E-RFC and high-affinity E-RFC were mixed at 25: 75 ratio, and the dose response curve was very similar to that of PBL. Moreover when monocytes were added to high affinity E-RFC and the mixture was cultured, the doses-response curve was elevated at low doses of Con A (F3), but the dose-response curve was similar to that of high-affinity E-RFC and different from that of low-affinity E RFC. Our results suggest that low-affinity E-RFC that has the capacity to respond optimally to Con A (F3) at 5--6 micrograms/ml in the in vitro proliferative response has the important effect upon the in vitro proliferative response of PBL to low doses of Con A (F3). PMID- 6976926 TI - PiMheerlen, alpha PiM allele resulting in very low alpha 1-antitrypsin serum levels. AB - A patient with pulmonary emphysema is described, who had a very low alpha 1 antitrypsin serum concentration (2% of normal). After isoelectric focusing and staining, the patient's serum revealed no visible alpha 1-antitrypsin bands. Immunofixation, following isoelectric focusing, gave a banding pattern identical to that of a normal M type. The existence of this deficient M-allele was confirmed by family studies. Low alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations, due to the presence of the deficient allele, were coupled with low serum antitrypsin activities. PMID- 6976927 TI - Presence of hapten-bearing T cells in tolerance induced by DNP-isologous IgG. PMID- 6976928 TI - Cytotoxic T-memory cells in virus infection and the specificity of helper T cells. AB - Infective influenza virus primes mice and increases at least ten-fold the level of splenic cytotoxic T-memory and precursor cells in comparison with normal mice. Intranasal virus infection or intraperitoneal injection of infective virus results in frequencies of 1-2 x 10(-4) cytotoxic T-cell precursors in spleen as determined by limiting dilution assays. With both types of immunization, T-helper cells amplifying the generation of T-killer cells are limiting, and optimal clone frequencies depend on addition of excess T-helper cells. We find that at least part of the T-helper cells amplifying the generation of cytotoxic T cells are cross reactive for the type A influenza viruses and therefore have a similar virus specificity to type A influenza-specific cytotoxic T cells (tc). Help for T killer cells can be replaced by supernatants derived from Concanavalin A stimulated rat spleen cells, but presence of antigen is still required to stimulate the Tc precursor or memory cells before they respond to antigen non specific T cell-growth factor(s) present in the stimulated rat spleen cell medium. PMID- 6976929 TI - A simple method for cryopreservation of murine T-cell clones from long-term cultures. PMID- 6976931 TI - A simple two-step procedure for the purification of plasma C1q from different animal species. AB - Plasma C1q from human, rat, rabbit, dog and sheep were isolated by a 2-step affinity chromatography procedure. In the first step the method exploits the affinity of C1q for heparin and in the second the interaction between C1q and IgG. The precipitation of C1q by the SO4(2-) groups in agarose gels was used as a means to rapidly monitor the elution of C1q. This interaction was found to be non species specific and therefore obviates the need for immunochemical and/or haemolytic assays. The isolation procedure is rapid, simple and is not confined to one species. Pure functionally active C1q was obtained from all species in yields of approximately 85-95%. PMID- 6976930 TI - Lymphoid source and target of murine leukocyte adherence inhibition factor (LAIF). AB - The cellular source of murine LAIF detected by an indirect leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay using capillary tubes was investigated using non-inducing peritoneal cells (PC) from normal and spindle-cell sarcoma-bearing A/J mice. Cell populations containing greater than 95% T-cells, B-cells or macrophages were prepared from PC using a series of elimination and enrichment procedures. The in vitro incubation of enriched T-cell populations (less than 0.05% macrophages) from tumor-bearing mice with the specific soluble tumor antigen did not result in the release of detectable levels of LAIF; however, the addition of 10% normal isologous macrophages to the T-cells resulted in a significant release of LAIF. Enriched B-cell populations did not release LAIF either by themselves of when 10% normal isologous macrophages were added. Cell populations containing both T-cells and B-cells produced significant levels of LAIF, but only when suitable numbers of macrophages were present. Treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 alloantiserum and complement resulted in the abrogation of LAIF production by mixed cell populations. Using Lyt-1.2 and Lyt-2.2 alloantisera and complement to prepare either Lyt-1.2 or Lyt-2.2 depleted T-cell populations, it was found that the Lyt 1.2 subpopulation was responsible for the release of LAIF in this test system. LAIF was found to be effective in reducing the glass adherence of macrophages but not of T-cells or B-cells. PMID- 6976932 TI - Population studies of the HLA-linked SB antigens. AB - Using allogeneic T-cell recognition we have previously defined five new histocompatibility antigens designated "SB" antigens. To standardize typing for these antigens, cryopreserved, primed lymphocytes are now used as standard reagents and a technique of cluster analysis has been modified to score typing results objectively. Two primed lymphocyte reagents are used to define each SB antigen; although derived from independent responder-stimulator combinations, the concordance between the reagents is good (r is greater than 0.86). The SB-antigen distribution in a population of 215 normal donors in consistent with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium of alleles of a single locus. Estimated gene frequencies ranged between 3 percent (SB5) and 36 percent (SB4) with 31 percent blanks. Analysis of association between the SB antigens and A, B, DR antigens in 200 normal donors revealed that associations were generally weak with a few exceptions, in particular, the A1, B8, DR3, SB1 "haplotype" and also the B7, DR2, SB5 "haplotype". PMID- 6976933 TI - Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. PMID- 6976937 TI - Human leukocyte antigen-linked genetic controls for T cell-mediated cytotoxic response to mumps virus in humans. AB - The involvement of human leukocyte antigen determinants for the response of mumps virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in humans was studied. The cytotoxic T lymphocytes could only lyse virus-infected allogeneic cells with which they shared a particular human leukocyte antigen, e.g., Bw52 or B7. The existence of Bw52 in the subjects who received a booster immunization with live mumps vaccine was associated with a significantly higher cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response than that of subjects without the gene. Although a donor-dependent difference in the recognition of human leukocyte antigen-A2 suggests the complexity of the genetic mechanisms involved, the results are largely consistent with the concept of major histocompatibility complex-linked genetic control of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. PMID- 6976940 TI - Induction of cytotoxic lymphocytes by protein A derived from Staphylococcus aureus. I. Protein-A-induced, protein-A-dependent cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes against human lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - Protein A (pA) from Staphylococcus aureus is known to be a good mitogen for human T lymphocytes. In this study, the cytotoxic activity of pA-activated lymphocytes was assessed using human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) as target cells. pA induced higher cytotoxic activity against LCL on the 3rd day of incubation than phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A. However, it was necessary for pA to be present in the assay for these pA-activated lymphocytes to manifest their cytotoxicity. Cytotoxic activity was not detected in a control culture in which pA was added at the assay, nor was it detected in the supernate of pA-activated culture. These data suggest that the cytotoxicity of these lymphocytes was pA activated, pA-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, pA-activated, pA-dependent cytotoxicity was mediated by T lymphocytes and was induced from Fc-receptor negative [Fc(-)] T lymphocytes. The effector cells were mainly Fc(-) T lymphocytes. The relationship between pA-activated, pA-dependent cytotoxicity, lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and alloantigen-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes is also discussed. PMID- 6976934 TI - Inherited coagulation disorders in India. PMID- 6976939 TI - Arthritogenic activity of a synthetic immunoadjuvant, muramyl dipeptide. AB - A synthetic muramyl dipeptide, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, dissolved in saline only and applied subcutaneously to rats of the Lewis inbred strain, produced arthritis, clinically manifest by hind feet paresis but without apparent paw swelling in most cases. Histologically, the disease was characterized by edema and hyperemia of connective tissues, joint synovias, and tendon sheaths, with massive accumulation of inflammatory cell infiltrates composed mainly of lymphoplasmocytes and partly of neutrophil leukocytes. Fibrin exudation and fibrinoid necrosis in connective tissues were observed in the most severe cases. Synovial layers of the talocrural joint, especially on their villi, exhibited marked swelling or cell desquamation of the inner zone. Clinical symptoms of the disease disappeared spontaneously within 5 days after cessation of the treatment; also, histological examinations showed that the effects were reversible. Our results prove that (i) muramyl dipeptide is the principal substance involved in the production of arthritis, (ii) there is no necessity for the presence of additional mycobacterial cell wall components, and (iii) the involvement of the oil moiety is not requisite for the production of arthritis. PMID- 6976936 TI - In vitro tuberculin reactivity of lymphocytes from patients with tuberculous pleurisy. AB - Mononuclear cells in pleural fluid from patients with tuberculous pleurisy were predominantly T cells. Responsiveness of pleural fluid T cells to purified protein derivative of tuberculin were studied by the assay of cell proliferation and production of lymphocyte mitogenic factor by the stimulation with purified protein derivative. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were also studied from patients and tuberculin-positive healthy controls. The order of responsiveness was as follows: pleural fluid lymphocytes greater than peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients without effusion = peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy controls greater than peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with effusion. The poor response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from pleurisy patients were recovered by the elimination of adherent cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes to the level of the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy controls. T cells purified from pleural fluid mononuclear cells responded more than those from peripheral blood. These results suggested that in the pleurisy patients purified protein derivative-reactive T cells in peripheral blood did not decrease in activity, but were depressed by suppressor cells, and further suggested that highly purified protein derivative-reactive T cells were accumulated in the pleural fluid. PMID- 6976938 TI - Serum antibody responses to Pneumocystis carinii among different strains of normal and athymic mice. AB - Pneumocystis carinii infection was produced in normal mice by the administration of corticosteroids and in athymic mice by the transmission of exogenous mouse- or rat-derived organisms. Serum antibodies to P. carinii, measured by an indirect fluorescent-antibody technique, were found in five of six strains of normal mice. Although antibody titers varied widely among the control and steroid-treated mice, they were inversely proportional to the intensity of P. carinii infection in the lungs. In sequential studies, antibody titers were low during steroid administration but rose with steroid withdrawal. Antibodies were mainly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class; IgM antibodies also occurred, but IgA antibodies were rare. nu/nu mice rarely produced serum antibodies to P. carinii despite the fact that one strain was sensitive and the other was resistant to exogenous infection. nu/+ mice produced specific antibodies to rat and mouse P. carinii which were primarily IgG. Thus, the host produces antibodies to P. carinii which are mainly IgG and T-cell dependent; yet, these antibodies do not appear to be important in susceptibility or resistance to P. carinii infection. PMID- 6976935 TI - Comparative study on biological activities of various anaphylatoxins (C4a, C3a, C5a). Investigations on their ability to induce platelet secretion. AB - Several anaphylatoxic substances (human C3a, guinea pig C3a, human C4a, guinea pig C5a, and a synthetic C3a-related hexapeptide) were compared with regard to their ability to induce secretion of [3H] serotonin from guinea pig platelets. Functional identity of the C3a preparations, C4a, and the hexapeptide was demonstrated by the phenomenon of crossed desensitization. Whereas C3a of human and guinea pig origin proved to be qualitatively and quantitatively identical, C4a expressed only 3% of the activity of the C3 fragments on a molar basis. Investigations with goat anti-guinea pig C3a demonstrate that human and guinea pig C3a possess one antigenic determinant in common; however, this determinant is not the C-terminal amino acid sequence. Addition of the anaphylatoxins with low doses of thrombin led to a potentiation of [3H] serotonin release from the platelets. Under these conditions C3a concentrations of 1.5 X 10(-10) mumol/liter (65 pg of C3a) could be detected. Thus the platelet system represents the most sensitive in vitro assay known for evaluation of biological activity of the C3a anaphylatoxins. PMID- 6976941 TI - Inhibitory effect of transplanted syngeneic thymus fragments, thymus epithelium and thymocytes on the increased contact sensitivity reaction in the adult thymectomized mouse. AB - Thymectomy in the adult mouse leads to an increased ability to develop contact sensitivity. The effect of different types of thymus grafts to adult thymectomized mice on contact sensitivity was studied in the present investigation. An inhibition was observed after transplantation either of uncultured thymus tissue, cultured thymus epithelium or of thymocytes. The results of the study favor the hypothesis that a continuous production of suppressor cells regulates contact sensitivity in the adult mouse. PMID- 6976943 TI - Increase in rosette-forming T cells with autologous human erythrocytes in lymphocytes of patients with tuberculosis by in vitro stimulation with purified protein derivative. AB - Lymphocytes of tuberculous patients activated in vitro with purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) were examined for rosette formation with human autologous erythrocytes. The percentage of the rosette-forming cell (auto-RFC) was increased when pleural fluid lymphocytes of patients with tuberculous pleurisy and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with tuberculosis or from tuberculin skin test positive healthy individuals were stimulated with PPD in vitro, whereas no increase of auto-RFC was observed in PBL from tuberculin skin test negative donors. Increased numbers of auto-RFC were shown to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes but have no IgG Fc receptors on their surfaces. It was also shown that adherent cells were required for the PPD-induced increase of auto-RFC. Depletion of PPD-induced auto-RFC by the density gradient sedimentation technique led to a significant decrease in the degree of the proliferative response to gradient sedimentation technique let to a significant decrease in the degree of the proliferative response to PPD and the number of the auto-RFC after stimulation with PPD. These findings strongly suggest that PPD induced auto-RFC represents the consequence of an immunological interaction between sensitized T lymphocytes and relevant antigen PPD, and reflects the PPD responsiveness of tuberculosis at the T cell level. PMID- 6976944 TI - Personal, home, and school factors related to eleventh graders' drug attitudes. AB - Forty-seven thousand 11th grade students were tested in 1974 as part of a statewide educational quality assessment procedure in Pennsylvania. Two drug attitude items were selected for analysis from the assessment scales. Abusive and abstinent attitude groups were formed from a random sample of students (n = 3,568), and compared across 24 other assessment variables related to demographic, personal, home, and school characteristics. Significant differences were found between the two groups for 20 of the variables. The findings support earlier research relating psychosocial constructs to substance-abuse attitudes and use patterns, and can be interpreted as supportive of comprehensive preventive education strategies. PMID- 6976945 TI - Drinking habits in Finland and Scotland: a comparison of survey results. AB - An unusual opportunity to compare drinking habits in two countries in a technically satisfying way is offered by two surveys, one conducted in Scotland in 1972 by Dight and the other in Finland in 1976 by this author. Both Scotland and Finland represent ambivalent sociocultural attitudes toward alcohol, and the total alcohol consumption per capita is approximately the same in both countries. In Finland the distribution of alcoholic beverages is controlled by a state alcohol monopoly whereas in Scotland the distribution is in private hands and controlled by a very different system. Moreover, the dominating beverage type in Scotland is beer in spite of the famous whisky tradition, while the Finns prefer distilled spirits to other beverages. Thus there exist notable similarities as well as interesting dissimilarities in the general framework of drinking habits in these two countries. In this paper only the shares of drinkers and abstainers in demographic groups, the number of problem drinkers, as well as some results concerning the attributes of drinking occasions are considered. The results reveal interesting differences in the sociocultural sphere of drinking. The problem to be further discussed is whether these differences arise from the deeply noted traditions or from the influence of control systems. These two are, of course, complexly connected. PMID- 6976942 TI - Immunogenetic studies in essential hypertension among black patients. I. Correlative studies of serum autoantibody formation. AB - Serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) and HLA phenotype frequency were studied in 100 black subjects with essential hypertension and 100 normotensive black controls matched for age and sex. 11% of hypertensive individuals had a positive serum ANA test compared with 2% of controls (p less than 0.01). Among the hypertensive patients, positive serum ANA test was seen exclusively in patients who were receiving treatment with methyldopa. Although ANA also correlated with hypertensive vascular damage as assessed by retinal and EKG abnormalities, this was believed to have been due to the higher dose of methyldopa that may have been required to treat hypertension in these more severe cases. A statistically significant correlation of HLA-A11 and HLA-B12 with hypertension was observed, but only studied when uncorrected for the number of HLA specificities. It was concluded that autoantibody formation in essential hypertension is most likely to have been a consequence of antihypertensive drug therapy. In addition, further studies using larger number of patients and controls might more clearly establish the question of whether or not HLA is associated with essential hypertension. PMID- 6976946 TI - Polar types of reported drug involvement among Israeli youth. AB - The predisposing factors lined to drug involvement may be different for various types of youth, although the outcome is the same. In this sense a bimodal curve of drug involvement would indicate two types of highly involved youth: on the one hand, those from high social status families where low parental control implies a tendency to seek involvement with their peers and solve their personal adjustment problems within the peer group. On the other hand, those from the lower social strata for whom low parental control also implies association with outside peer groups as an alternative to shaky and diffuse families and lack of involvement in school life. This study on the cannabis involvement of 776 boys and girls (aged 14-18), drawn from eight schools, is an attempt to identify and describe these polar types of drug-involved youth in more detail. PMID- 6976947 TI - The subjective marijuana experience: great expectations. AB - Participants' expectations of marijuana effects are frequently cited as unmeasured post hoc explanations of variability in response to the drug, or of the data which fail to conform to the experimenters' expectations of the drug's effects. Twenty-four male volunteers, experienced in the use of marijuana, participated in research involving the administration of coltsfoot, placebo, and marijauna to investigate whether expectancy of marijuana effects could be measured and related to observed effects. Data for the Expectancy Questionnaire were derived from the Marihuana Effects Questions filled out when potential participants volunteered for the study and were compared to the High Questionnaire filled out after drug administration sessions. Expectancy was shown to have a quantifiable effect on the drug experience (both placebo and marijuana), even in an experimental situation. Prior frequency of occurrence of specific effects was positively related to both the intensity and duration of the effects in the laboratory. The data are discussed in terms of the learned components in getting stoned, and in terms of the social nature of cannabis intoxication. PMID- 6976948 TI - A comparison of the problems of the family members of male prison inmates with and without drug abuse problems. PMID- 6976949 TI - Epidemiology and middle ear effusion and tubal dysfunction. A one-year prospective study comprising monthly tympanometry in 387 non-selected 7-year-old children. AB - In a Danish school district comprising 387 7-year-old pupils 10 electroacoustic otoadmittance tests showed in the course of one year a 31% total morbidity of middle ear effusion (MEE), while 30% constantly had normal tympanograms on both sides. The point prevalence of MEE ranged from 9 to 3%, highest during the winter and spring months. In most cases MEE was present only at one examination, but in one-quarter of the cases it persisted for 3 months or longer. Spontaneous recovery occurred in a mean of about 2 months. MEE setting in during the period september to February lasted longer than cases setting in at other times of the year. The middle ear status was extremely dynamic, about one-quarter of the children changing status (type of tympanogram) between consecutive tests and 17% 5 or more times. Spontaneous improvement was frequent (90%) and so was complete recovery (76%), but in about one-third of the cases there was recurrences. It is emphasized that an indication for treatment cannot as a rule be based on one test and should await observation for about 3 or 4 months. PMID- 6976950 TI - A lethal hypervitaminosis A syndrome in young monkeys (Macacus fascicularis) following a single intramuscular dose of a water-miscible preparation containing vitamins A, D2 and E. AB - Large intramuscular doses of a water-miscible preparation of vitamin A (500,000 I.U. retinyl acetate/ml), vitamin E (50 I.U./ml) and vitamin D2 (50,000 I.U./ml) were administered to young monkeys (Macacus fascicularis) weighing 1-1.8 kg. At vitamin A doses equivalent to 200 mg retinol/kg or higher, early signs of acute toxicity included yawning, apparent drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, head shaking, neck hyperextension, motor hyperactivity and coordination. These immediate signs were first noted 3-35 minutes after injection. Following apparent recovery at 1-2 hrs, longer term signs of toxicity, such as decreased activity, malaise, drowsiness, loss of appetite, loss of weight, and itchiness of the skin, appeared within 1-6 days, depending on the dose. Monkeys receiving the highest lethal doses became progressively weaker, showed labored breathing, lapsed into a coma, lost simple reflexes and then died. Respiratory failure usually preceded the cessation of heart beat. In some monkeys on a lower but lethal dose, death was preceded by generalized convulsive seizures. The time of onset of the first sign and survival time were inversely proportional to the dosage, but in individual monkeys no correlation existed between onset time and survival time. Female monkeys seemed to succumb faster to a lethal dose than male monkeys. All animals receiving the equivalent of 300 mg retinol/kg died. Under the conditions used, the LD50 was estimated to be 168 mg retinol (560 000 I>U.) per body weight. PMID- 6976951 TI - Copper status of Indian pregnant women of low socio-economic group and its effect on the outcome of pregnancy. AB - Copper status of 109 women, (36 nonpregnant, 17 in the first trimester, 17 in the second trimester of pregnancy and 39 in the postpartum period) and its effect on the outcome of pregnancy was evaluated by a cross-sectional study. The results documented a low intake of copper--1.2 mg-1.5 mg, by the women and a statistically significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between the intake of copper and the intake Calories and protein. Serum copper levels rose with the progress of pregnancy and the increase was statistically significant (P less than 0.005) in the second trimester. Thereafter, a slight decline was noted. No correlation was found between serum copper and serum total proteins, albumin or globulin in either the pregnant or the nonpregnant women. The correlation between the dietary intake of copper and serum copper concentration was also not significant. Birth weight, length and head circumference of the neonate exhibited no correlation with material dietary or serum copper levels. PMID- 6976954 TI - Activation of murine lymphocytes by 2-mercaptoethanol and related thiol compounds and its mechanism. I. Relationship between mitogenic activities and augmenting effects on antibody synthesis in vitro. AB - Seven thiol compounds, namely, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), alpha -thioglycerol (alpha -TG), dithiothreitol (DTT), cysteamine, L-cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and sodium thioglycollate (TGL) were examined for their mitogenic activities, the effects on mitogen-induced 3H-thymidine uptake, and the effects on antibody synthesis in vitro in murine spleen lymphocytes. All these thiols showed mitogenic activities in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) with the following order of effectiveness: 2-ME greater than or equal to alpha -TG greater than DTT greater than cysteamine greater than Cys greater than or equal to GSH greater than TGL. A close correlation was observed between the enhancement of the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the mitogenic activities of these thiol compounds in their magnitude and dose-response profiles. The primary antibody response in vitro to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) (thymus-dependent) or dinitrophenyl (DNP)-Ficoll (thymus-independent) was augmented in a similar fashion by these compounds. T-cells depletion did not influence the enhancement by 2-ME of the antibody response to DNP-Ficoll. There was a discrepancy between the dose-response profiles of mitogenic activities of these compounds and their augmenting effects on antibody responses. Particularly, 2-ME and DTT significantly enhanced the antibody response to DNP-Ficoll or SRBC even at the nonmitogenic doses. Ethyl mercaptan (HSCH2 CH3) showed similar activities to 2-ME, but methylthioethanol (CH3 SCH2 CH2 OH) and ethanol (CH3 CH2 OH) were inactive, thus indicating that the thiol group would play an essential role in the above activities of 2-ME. PMID- 6976952 TI - Thermotropic phase transitions at retinal rod outer segments membrane level. AB - Thermotropic phase transitions (i.e. phase changes induced by heat) were studied at frog ROS membrane level, with the aid of birefringence (phase difference, T) determination. In both dark and light adapted states, an early phase transition was observed (transition temperature, Tt, from +42 divided by 46 degree C). Apparently this change in the physiological state of the membrane precedes the disorientation of the pigment molecules. Following a period of birefringence stabilization a further decrease in birefringence takes place (from +52 divided by 53 degrees C onwards). During the last part of this phase Rho molecules appear to be completely disoriented, as though in solution. The physical changes underlying the transition phenomena seem related to the unbleached and bleached conditions of the ROS; with rising temperatures, the Tt point does not differ significantly in both conditions. PMID- 6976955 TI - Lymphotoxin cytotoxicity, a combination of cytolytic and cytostatic cellular responses. AB - Guinea pig lymphotoxin inhibits the growth of mouse alpha L929 and guinea pig 104C1 tumor cells with lethal doses (LD 50's) of 0.4 and 200 units lymphotoxin/ml, respectively, in a colony inhibition assay. Refeeding with lymphotoxin-free medium is followed by resumption of 104C1 but not alpha L929 cell growth. This suggests that growth inhibition of alpha L929 is primarily due to cytolytic mechanisms, while that of 104C1 cells is due to cytostatic mechanisms. This is confirmed by radionuclide (3H, 51Cr, and 75Se) release assays with LD 50's of 1.0, 1.9, and 2.4 units lymphotoxin/ml, respectively, for alpha L929 cells, whereas as many as 100 units lymphotoxin/ml produce no radionuclide release from 104C1 cells. The L cell variant L929M is 10-fold more resistant to lymphotoxin colony inhibitory activity and 40-300-fold more resistant to cytolytic lymphotoxin activity as measured by the three radionuclide release assays than are alpha L929 cells. L929 and 2071 L cell variants are more resistant as a result of smaller cytolytic and cytostatic responses and some tumor cells, such as one strain of L1210 mouse leukemia cells, exhibit no detectable cytolytic or cytostatic responses to 100 units of guinea pig lymphotoxin. These observations demonstrate that the divergent susceptibilities of different cells to lymphotoxin result in part from constitutive variations in cellular cytolytic and reversible cytostatic responses to lymphotoxin. PMID- 6976953 TI - Effect of levamisole on pokeweed mitogen stimulation of immunoglobulin production in vitro. AB - The effects of levamisole (LMS) on immunoglobulin (Ig) production were studied in vitro using peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal subjects stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Cells were cultured for 9 days with varying concentrations of LMS and PWM, and immunoglobulin secretion in the supernatants was quantified by solid phase radioimmunoassay. The results showed that 1) the effect of LMS in vitro depends upon the degree of lymphocyte stimulation by PWM. When PWM stimulation is optimal, typical pharmacologic concentrations of LMS (0.5 micro/ml) decrease both IgM and IgG production by 50%. However, at lower suboptimal doses of PWM, LMS, at similar concentrations, enhances immunoglobulin production by 24% (p less than 0.01). Unstimulated lymphocytes are not affected by LMS. 2) The target cell upon which LMS acts is present among a T subpopulation that lacks the Fc receptor for aggregated rabbit IgG (T gamma -negative). We suggest that the diverse effects of LMS on autoimmune disease in vivo may depend upon both the size and degree of activation of the T gamma -negative lymphocyte pool. PMID- 6976956 TI - Anergy: The hidden danger. PMID- 6976957 TI - Different circadian variations as an indicator of heterogeneity of liver lysosomes. AB - The light and electron microscopic study of the lysosomal marker enzymes acid phosphatase (ACPase), beta-D-glucuronidase and arylsulphatase parallely performed on rat livers obtained during a 24-h span yielded the following results: 1. Lysosomal reactions of these three marker enzymes are subjected to significant circadian variations. 2. The lysosome population visualized by these marker enzymes is obviously heterogeneous. The heterogeneity of the lysosomes is expressed by differences in number, size and lobular distribution as well as in phase differences of their maximal and minimal reactivity depending on the marker enzyme used. 3. With each marker enzyme extralysosomal reactions are found and are also subjected to circadian variations of activity. 4. Applying the arylsulphatase reaction, next to the lysosomes patchy areas of strongly reacting endoplasmic reticulum are found. The arylsulphatase reaction of lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum is completely inhibited by 0.01 M KCl. PMID- 6976959 TI - Monobactams--monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics produced by bacteria. PMID- 6976958 TI - Both HLA-DR restricted and nonrestricted functions of adherent cells are required for induction of T lymphocyte proliferative responses. AB - There appeared to be two distinct functions of adherent cells in human T lymphocyte proliferative responses to purified protein derivative (PPD). The first is antigen-presenting ability which is mediated by antigen-presenting cells (APC) among adherent cells. By employing antiserum blocking pretreatment of APC, it was revealed that HLA-DR antigens are involved in this function and that identity or partial identity of HLA-DR antigens between APC and T lymphocytes is required for T lymphocyte antigen recognition. The second function is mediated by the soluble factor produced by adherent cells and is HLA-DR nonrestricted. Although it remains unclear whether APC and adherent cells producing the soluble factor belong to the same cell population, this second function might lead T lymphocytes to proliferative as long as T lymphocytes recognize antigen (PPD) via APC. PMID- 6976960 TI - SQ 26,776: in-vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility to beta-lactamases. PMID- 6976962 TI - Serum alpha 1 antitrypsin in pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 6976961 TI - In-vivo properties of SQ 26,776. PMID- 6976963 TI - Genetic regulation of aromatic amine N-acetylation in inbred mice. AB - A survey among 20 inbred mouse strains revealed large variation (up to approximately 20-fold) for the N-acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid by blood N acetyltransferase and for the aromatic amine carcinogen benzidine by both liver and blood N-acetyltransferase. Of 20 strains surveyed, three are classified as slow acetylators (A/J, AHe/J, and X/Gf) and 17 are classified as rapid acetylators (AuSsJ, Castaneous, ST/bJ, C57BL/6J, Molossinus, SF, SWR/J, 129/SV, RF/J, RIII/2J, IsCam, SJL/J, Balb/cJ, C3H/HeJ, CBA/J, AKR/J, and DBA/J). The rapid acetylator strains possessed approximately 10 times greater liver benzidine N-acetyltransferase specific activity than the slow acetylator strains. Intercross and backcross matings of A/J and C57BL/6J mice indicate that a single gene with two major alleles is responsible for differences in N-acetyltransferase activity in blood for p-aminobenzoic acid or the alternate aromatic amine carcinogen aminofluorene, and in liver for aminofluorene. Analysis of 11 recombinant inbred strains derived from matings of A/J with C57BL/6J mice support this conclusion and demonstrate the existence of minor modifying genes that segregate independently of the major N-acetyltransferase gene. PMID- 6976965 TI - Lung imaging in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6976964 TI - Biochemical characterization of genetically variant aromatic amine N acetyltransferases in A/J and C57BL/6J mice. AB - Biochemical genetic studies to determine the molecular basis for the differences in N-acetylation between the A/J and C57BL/6J mouse strains were carried out. Purification of liver N-acetyltransferase from both strains showed that aminofluorene and p-aminobenzoic acid activities are not separable by protein purification techniques which exploit differences in charge and size. In addition, both aminofluorene and p-aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase activities from the C57BL/6J mouse liver enzymes migrated as a single symmetrical protein band after polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. For aminofluorene and p-aminobenzoic acid, the two mouse strains showed apparent Km differences which suggest a difference in a structural gene product, and at least may partially account for the observed differences in N-acetylation. N-Acetyltransferase activity of selected extrahepatic tissues showed that both small intestine and kidney reflect the animal's phenotype as determined by liver or blood N acetyltransferase. Sex differences were apparent in this activity in C57BL/6J mouse kidney, with males exhibiting approximately 2.5-fold higher activity for aminofluorene and approximately 3-fold higher activity for p-aminobenzoic acid than did females. PMID- 6976966 TI - Phosphorylation of myosin light chain during capping of mouse T-lymphoma cells. AB - Colchicine induces the clustering of at least three different T-lymphoma surface antigens (T200, Thy-1, and gp 69/71) into a cap structure in the absence of any external ligand. In addition, colchicine induces the intracellular accumulation of actin and myosin directly beneath the surface cap structure. We have discovered that myosin molecules (both heavy and light chains) are closely associated with the plasma membrane of T-lymphoma cells. Most importantly, we have found that the 20,000-dalton light chain of lymphocyte myosin is both phosphorylated and preferentially accumulated in the plasma membrane of colchicine-induced capped cells. It is proposed that myosin light chain is directly involved in the activation of membrane-associated actomyosin required for the collection of surface proteins into a cap structure (analogous to muscle cell sliding filament contraction). PMID- 6976969 TI - A granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) produced by carrageenin-induced inflammatory cells of mice. AB - Seven days after subcutaneous injection of 2% carrageenin solution in mice, the induced inflammatory tissue was isolated and treated with 0.1% trypsin. When the dispersed cells were incubated in a nutrient medium containing 5-20% calf serum, the cells grew adhering to the culture-dish surface and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) was accumulated in the medium gradually. Addition of lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli endotoxin) in the cell culture did not enhance the CSF production. It was shown by isoelectrofocusing that the majority of the produced CSF was an acidic molecule (pI = 3.8), while the treatment of this CSF with neuraminidase yielded a less acidic CSF species (pI = 5.1). Upon gel-filtration chromatography in the presence of 6 M guanidine HCl, the CSF exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 42,000. On the other hand, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate gave a molecular weight estimate of 65,000. Microscopic examination of the bone marrow cell culture showed that about one-third of the colonies were granulocytic. Addition of prostaglandin E1(PGE1) in the bone marrow cell culture significantly inhibited the action of the CSF, while prostaglandin D2 was less inhibitory than PGE1. The result suggests that the cells isolated from the inflammatory tissue are capable of producing CSF, which may have a role for proliferation and maturation of the mononuclear phagocytes at the site of inflammation. PMID- 6976968 TI - Separate actions of different colony stimulating factors from human placental conditioned medium on human hemopoietic progenitor cell survival and proliferation. AB - More than 20% of human granulocyte-macrophage and eosinophil colony-forming cells survived in agar culture for up to 4 days without the addition of exogenous colony stimulating factors (human placental-conditioned medium, HPCM). Survival was reduced slightly but not significantly, by the removal of adherent cell populations. Significant survival occurred even when only 100 cells enriched for colony-forming cells (CFCs) were cultured per dish. When individual colonies, initiated by stimulation with HPCM for 5 days, were transferred to dishes without HPCM, subsequent proliferation was significantly reduced compared with control cultures containing HPCM. Using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter and the fluoresceinated lectin from Lotus tetragonolobus, two populations of marrow cells were obtained, one enriched for day 7 and the other for day 14 colony-forming cells. Two colony-stimulating factors fractionated from HPLCM (CSF beta and CSF alpha) have been shown previously to stimulate the day 7 and day 14 colony forming cell populations, respectively. Developing clones from cultures initiated with CSF beta died between the fifth and tenth day of culture after transfer to dishes with CSF alpha or CSF beta or to dishes with no stimulus. Cells in clusters initiated with CSF alpha proliferated significantly between the fifth and tenth day of culture when transferred to CSF alpha or CSF beta but not when transferred to dishes with not stimulus. These studies provide further evidence for the existence of two subtypes of human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells each under the primary control of a specific regulator and indicate that these two regulators can both act on some developing clones of cells. PMID- 6976967 TI - Recruitment of osteoclast precursors by purified bone matrix constituents. AB - The osteoclast, the multinucleated giant cell of bone, is derived from circulating blood cells, most likely monocytes. Evidence has accrued that is consistent with the hypothesis that the recruitment of monocytes for osteoclast development occurs by chemotaxis. In the present study, we have examined the chemotactic response of human peripheral blood monocytes and related polymorphonuclear leucocytes to three constituents of bone matrix: peptides from Type I collagen, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein, and osteocalcin (bone gla protein). The latter two substances are among the major noncollagenous proteins of bone and are uniquely associated with calcified connective tissue. In chemotaxis assays using modified Boyden chambers, Type I collagen peptides, alpha 2HS glycoprotein, and osteocalcin evoke a dose-dependent chemotactic response in human monocytes. No chemotaxis is observed on PMNs despite their ontogenetic relationship to monocytes and their documented sensitivity to a broad range of other chemical substances. Our observations are consistent with the view that osteoclast precursors (monocytes) are mobilized by chemotaxis, and suggest that the chemoattractants responsible for this activity are derived from the bone matrix or, in the case of collagen and osteocalcin; directly from the osteoblasts which produce them. PMID- 6976970 TI - Induction of human malignant T-lymphoblastic cell lines MOLT-3 and jurkat by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate: biochemical, physical, and morphological characterization. AB - The process of induction of human malignant T-lymphoblastic cell line MOLT-3 by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was examined. It was found that the induction process by TPA, which included increase in cells with receptors to sheep red blood cells (E--rosette positive--E+) and decrease in the levels of the marker enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was not affected by the presence of DNA synthesis inhibitor arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara C). The exposure time to TPA required to elicit these changes was found to be short, in the order of 1 hour or less. The kinetics of the increased in E+ cells, decrease in the levels of TdT in these cells, or decrease in the ability to proliferate as measured by colony formation were similar with exposure to TPA for 1, 6, 24, or 96 hours. We have examined the effect of antitumor promoter compounds on their ability to block induction of MOLT-3 cells by TPA. Results indicated that none of these compounds, dexamethasone, antipain, retinoic acid, and L-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethylchloromethyl ketone (TPCK), was effective in reducing the number of E+ cells induced by TPA. Examination of three other leukemic T-cell lines indicated that, in addition to MOLT-3, the leukemic T-cell line Jurkat also responded to TPA, whereas two other leukemic T-cells lines CCRF CEM and CCRF-HSB-2 did not. Certain physical and morphological changes were also observed after stimulation of MOLT-3 cells and Jurkat cells by TPA. We found that, following the addition of TPA, the cell volumes of MOLT-3 cells decreased from an average of 1150 micrometers3 to about 500 micrometers3, whereas those of Jurkat were reduced to about 700 micrometers3 from 1100 micrometers3. Electron microscopic studies of these lymphoblasts also revealed that after treatment with TPA the induced cells were generally smaller in size with increase in the density of the nuclear materials and condensation of the chromatin structures. PMID- 6976972 TI - Elemental content in the nucleus and in yolk and yolk-free cytoplasm of developing Rana pipiens oocytes: an x-ray microanalysis study. AB - Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis measured the Na, K, Cl, P, Mg, S, and Ca contents (mM/kg dry weight) in the nucleus, yolk-free cytoplasm, and yolk platelets of Rana pipiens oocytes quick frozen in the ovary. The data revealed that significant content changes occur in frog oocytes during intraovarian growth. All elements but Ca changed in content in the nucleus and cytoplasm, while in the yolk platelet only Na content did not change. A nucleus to cytoplasm K gradient develops and increases in magnitude during oocyte growth. The data from this and previous reports lead to the hypothesis that intra-oocytic water and elements undergo changes in state during oocyte growth and that three subcellular Na compartments exist. PMID- 6976971 TI - Regulation of murine B lymphocyte plasma membrane protein turnover and shedding. AB - Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed cell surface radioiodination was employed to radiolabel murine splenic B-cell membrane immunoglobulins (IgM and IgD) and alloantigens encoded by the Major Histocompatibility Complex (I-Ak, I-Ek, H-2Kk, H-2Dk). The fate of the radiolabeled proteins was monitored by in vitro culture of labeled cells and isolation of labeled antigens from detergent lysates of the cells or culture fluids obtained at different times during culture. The effects of temperature, antimetabolites, colchicine, and cytochalasins on membrane protein catabolism demonstrated heterogeneity in rate, energy dependence, and cytoskeletal control of turnover suggesting that functional domains of turnover control exist in the B lymphocyte membrane. PMID- 6976974 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow measurements in stroke: the necessity of a tomographic approach. PMID- 6976973 TI - Effect of ischemia on quantification of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in man. AB - The model for quantifying local cerebral glucose metabolic rates originally developed by Sokoloff et al. and modified by Phelps. Huang and co-workers was applied to humans with cerebral ischemia (i.e., stroke). Rate constants for fluorodeoxyglucose were measured in ischemic and nonischemic regions with position computed tomography. Using measured rate constants for ischemia, the model generate more accurate estimates of local cerebral glucose metabolism as compared to the use constants from normal young adults, because the local metabolic rate is significantly underestimated, and temporal instability of the model is observed when normal values are applied to ischemic regions. A method was also developed to test the stability of the local lumped constant. The estimates of the lumped constant showed no or only small variations between ischemic and nonischemic types. Thus, errors introduced in the calculated local cerebral glucose metabolism by inappropriate rate constants appear to be more significant than those caused by any potential change in the lumped constant in ischemia. PMID- 6976975 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow during rest and skilled hand movements by xenon-133 inhalation and emission computerized tomography. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied in 16 normal adult volunteers during rest and in 10 the study was repeated during skilled hand movements. A fast-rotating ("dynamic"), single-photon emission computerized tomograph (ECT) with four detector heads was used. Xenon-133 was inhaled over a 1-min period at a concentration of 10 mCi/L. The arrival and washout of the radioisotope was recorded during four 1-min periods. Two slices, 2 cm thick, 7 and 12 cm above the orbitomeatal line were obtained in every study. CBF averaged 60 ml/100 g/min (SD +/- 11) in the lower slice and 51 ml/100 g/min (SD +/- 13) in the upper slice. A symmetric pattern comparing right to left sides was found in both slices. Finger tapping and writing with the right hand increased CBF in specific areas of the upper slice: in the contralateral hand area by 35 +/- 15% (p less than 0.025), and in the supplementary motor area on both sides by 34 +/- 15% (p less than 0.025). PMID- 6976976 TI - Error sensitivity of fluorodeoxyglucose method for measurement of cerebral metabolic rate of glucose. AB - The fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) method for the measurement of local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (LCMRGlc) employs typical values of the FDG transport rate constants that have been obtained by kinetic measurements on an appropriate control group. Discrepancies between the true values of the rate constants in tissue and the typical values used in the operational equation of the FDG method will introduce error in the estimate of LCMRGlc. Computer simulations were used to evaluate the accuracy of the FDG method in cases where (1) the tissue LCMRGlc deviates greatly from the normal values (e.g., stroke) or (2) the tissue LCMRGlc changes during the experiment (e.g., epileptic seizure). The effects of the magnitude and duration of metabolic changes were studied. The results indicate that if tissue LCMRGlc differs greatly from the normal value, the error in the estimated LCMRGlc at a scan time of 60 min is less than 20% of the difference between the true and normal values. In the non-steady-state cases, the estimated LCMRGlc was found to be a weighted average of the metabolic rates during the experiments, with the weightings approximately proportional to the plasma FDG concentration at the corresponding times. For example, if LCMRGlc in tissue was 5 times the normal values for the first 10 min but then returned to normal state, the LCMRGlc measured by the FDG method at a scan time of 60 min would be about only 2-3 times the normal value. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the accuracy of the FDG method under various tissue metabolic conditions and is useful for interpreting metabolic values obtained with the FDG method. PMID- 6976977 TI - Application of dye-ligant chromatography to the isolation of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. AB - Various Cibacron blue F3G-A substituted Sephadex G-100 gels which differ in the density of the bound dye were investigated for their applicability in the affinity chromatography of human serum proteins. Protein adsorption was found to depend strongly on the density of the covalently attached dye and on the pH of the applied buffer. A high degree of dye substitution of the gel caused binding of most of the serum proteins. Only a small number of proteins were found to appear in the breakthrough fraction. On this basis a simple and relatively mild procedure for the isolation of homogeneous alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein from human serum was developed. Isolation of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein succeeded in only a single step, whereas that of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor required two additional steps: a prior ammonium sulphate precipitation and a chromatographic step on DEAE-cellulose at pH 6.5. PMID- 6976978 TI - Normal distribution of factor B (Bf) allotypes in multiple sclerosis. AB - Bf allotypes were determined in 200 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and compared to analogous control frequencies. No significant deviation of any Bf phenotype was found. Also in HLA-B7- as well as Dw2-positive patients normal Bf frequencies existed. PMID- 6976980 TI - Uptake and localization of 3H-2 deoxy-D-glucose by retinal photoreceptors. AB - Following dark incubation of isolated retinas of Xenopus laevis in Ringer solution supplemented with 3H-2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), virtually all of the uptake of the label was by the inner segments and synaptic bases of the photoreceptor cells. Autoradiographs prepared from conventionally fixed tissue showed the same cellular distribution of label as those prepared from identically incubated, unfixed, freeze-dried retinas. However, fixation removed about 77% of the total counts. This fixation-labile, soluble fraction was identified as being primarily 2DG-6 phosphate by thin-layer chromatography. The remaining insoluble fraction corresponded in distribution to glycogen grains. In cones, glycogen is stored primarily in the paraboloid, whereas in rods it is distributed throughout the inner segment and synaptic base. EM autoradiographs illustrated that these were the sites over which fixation-resistant 2DG label was localized. Measurements of radioactivity associated with extracts of retinal glycogen following 2DG incubation demonstrated that a disproportionately high fraction of total counts were associated with the glycogen fraction. We conclude that in the amphibian retina 2DG may be incorporated into glycogen. PMID- 6976979 TI - Regulation of extraadrenal steroid 21-hydroxylase activity. Increased conversion of plasma progesterone to deoxycorticosterone during estrogen treatment of women pregnant with a dead fetus. AB - We measured deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and progesterone (P) in plasma of 47 women pregnant with a dead fetus and sequentially throughout gestation in 35 women pregnant with a live fetus. When P levels in plasma were low, the plasma levels of DOC in women pregnant with a dead fetus varied but usually were similar to those in women pregnant with a live fetus. However, when P levels were high, the levels of DOC in some women pregnant with a dead fetus were considerably lower than those in women pregnant with a live fetus. To test whether this finding was due to loss of transfer of DOC from fetus to mother or else loss of extraadrenal steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in the mother after death of the fetus, we conducted several studies. The levels of P and DOC in plasma of one woman remained constant from 30 min after fetal death until delivery occurred 13 h later. Estrogen treatment of four women pregnant with a dead fetus brought about an increase in plasma levels of DOC in three of the women. In one woman the ratio of plasma DOC to P was 0.015, a value similar to that found before fetal death, but was 0.003 after fetal death but before estrogen treatment. In two women pregnant with a dead fetus the transfer constants of conversion of plasma P to DOC were 0.011 and 0.005 before, and 0.024 and 0.013, respectively, during estrogen treatment. In one woman pregnant with a deformed fetus with adrenal agenesis, the metabolic clearance rates of DOC before and during estrogen treatment were similar, whereas the plasma production rates of DOC were 2.75 before and 4.31 mg/24 h during estrogen treatment. We suggest that (a) the DOC in plasma of near-term pregnant women arises in part by extraadrenal 21 hydroxylation of plasma P and (b) estrogen stimulates steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in extraadrenal tissues. PMID- 6976981 TI - Conditioned suppression of medial forebrain bundle and septal intracranial self stimulation in the rat: evidence for a fear-relief mechanism of the septum. AB - A conditioned emotional response (CER) paradigm was presented to two groups of rats during intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). One group bar pressed for medial forebrain bundle (MFB) stimulation reward; the other group bar pressed for septal stimulation reward. The MFB ICSS was found to be suppressed by the CER procedure, but this procedure failed to suppress septal ICSS. This difference between the two sites was found only when both MFB and septal ICSS current intensities were available at their optimal levels. When ICSS current intensities were lowered to either threshold or medium level, both groups exhibited the CER suppression effect. The animals were also tested for a possible analgesic effect produced by the ICSS. The MFB stimulation was found to produce some degree of analgesia, but septal stimulation failed to produce any analgesic effect. Thus, the possibility that the attenuation of the CER suppression effect in the septal group was due to analgesia was excluded. The difference in MFB and septal ICSS behavior during the presentation of the aversive stimulus suggested a possible qualitative distinction between the reward functions of these two sites, and a possible fear-reduction property of the septal area. PMID- 6976983 TI - Team approach to the problem-oriented record in a long-term care facility. AB - At the Extended Care Unit of the Health Sciences Centre Hospital at the University of British Columbia, team participation in the care of 300 elderly patients includes the team's ability to facilitate use of the problem-oriented record (POR). The key to making the POR a functional communication tool was the development of a useful Problem List. In establishing this system, many difficulties arose. It was imperative to recognize that many staff members had not been trained in problem-solving techniques, and that they had varying degrees of knowledge about the data base. Active physician involvement was mandatory. Employment of a half-time POR Coordinator working with a supporting interdisciplinary POR Committee was needed to make the system work. Guidelines for defining problems were developed, and Problem Lists gradually acquired significance for the entire health care team. Examples are included. Concurrent continuing education was started in pathophysiology, problem-solving, and use of the POR. PMID- 6976982 TI - The prevalence of juvenile periodontitis ("periodontosis") in a dental school patient population. PMID- 6976986 TI - The in vitro generation of H-2-restricted cytotoxic T cells to AKR/Gross leukemia virus-induced tumors. I. Requirement for stimulation with allogeneic leukemia cells in vivo. PMID- 6976984 TI - Cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of three Wechsler Memory Scale Subtests. AB - This study evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal age relationships, after age 60, for three subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale: logical memory, associate learning, and visual reproduction. Cross-sectional regression analyses indicated that age, sex, race, and education accounted for approximately 20 to 35% of the variance in test scores, with education the strongest predictor. Longitudinally, consistent linear declines were found only for hard associates and visual reproduction. Visual reproduction was related more consistently and strongly to age than the two verbal subtests. The effects of selective attrition from the study were discussed. PMID- 6976985 TI - A current approach to rectal bleeding. AB - The source of bleeding from the rectum is extremely difficult to specify in many patients with moderate to severe bleeding. Lesions may be located anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. On the basis of the available literature and reported clinical data, we conclude that moderate to severe rectal bleeding originates from the upper gut in up to 10% of patients, from the small bowel in up to 5%, and from the colon in the remaining 85%. Diverticulosis and vascular dysplasia account for 30-50% of colonic bleeding, and inflammatory bowel disease and ischemic colitis for another 5-15%. No diagnosis is made in 20-30% of patients with moderate to severe rectal bleeding. Patients with rectal bleeding can be classified as those whose bleeding stops spontaneously, those whose bleeding stops and then recurs, and those whose bleeding continues despite conventional treatment. Based on these classifications, we present an approach to the diagnosis and therapy of rectal bleeding. PMID- 6976987 TI - The purification and properties of human T cell growth factor. AB - Human T cell growth factor (TCGF) has been purified more than 800-fold from serum free lymphocyte conditioned media by utilizing ion exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sepharose, gel filtration with Ultrogel AcA54, and preparative SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This mitogenic protein, which is released by T cells into the incubating media after exposure to a lectin (PHA), has a m.w. of 13,000 as determined by SDS-PAGE and 20,000 to 25,000 on gel filtration and has an isoelectric point of 6.8. The material extracted from acrylamide gels is a single band (or two nearly superimposed bands) when rerun on analytical SDS gels. Partially purified material is unstable even at -70 degrees C and requires the addition of bovine serum albumin or polyethylene glycol to maintain biologic activity. It is sensitive to proteolytic digestion but resistant to nucleases and thiol-reducing agents such as dithiothreitol. Human TCGF can be reversibly denatured with urea or SDS. Material extracted from acrylamide gels has been shown to sustain T lymphoblasts in tissue culture. In contrast to lectins, certain antigens, and crude lymphocyte conditioned media, purified TCGF does not initiate lymphocyte blastogenesis but is a highly selective mitogen for T cells previously activated by exposure to lectins or antigens. PMID- 6976988 TI - Ligand-induced association of surface immunoglobulin with the detergent-insoluble cytoskeletal matrix of the B lymphocyte. AB - Ligand binding is believed to induce surface immunoglobulin (Ig) to form a physical association with the underlying cell cytoskeleton. We investigated this interaction by use of nonionic detergents, which are known to dissolve membrane proteins but preserve a detergent-insoluble cytoskeletal residue. In the absence of ligand treatment, surface Ig in the B cell plasma membrane was fully dissolved by nonionic detergent; however, interaction with a ligand converted the receptor to a novel, detergent-insoluble state. The conversion of surface Ig to a detergent-insoluble form required receptor cross-linking but occurred independently of capping. Several types of experiments demonstrated that this form of Ig was not due to the size insolubility of immune complexes and involved a stable, noncovalent association of the receptor with the detergent-insoluble, cytoskeletal residue. Incubation of ligand-bound cells at 37 degrees C promoted the degradation of surface Ig and the appearance of new, lower m.w. species, including a major soluble protein (50,000 daltons) that was antigenically related to surface Ig. These events corresponded to receptor endocytosis by several criteria (time course, temperature sensitivity, and energy dependence). Taken together, these results were consistent with the ligand-induced transmembrane attachment of receptors to the underlying cytoskeletal matrix followed by receptor internalization and catabolism. PMID- 6976989 TI - Inhibition of human antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and natural killing by a xenogeneic antiserum prepared against "activated" alloimmune human lymphocytes. AB - Xenogeneic antiserum (RH1) was prepared in Lewis rats by hyperimmunization with concanavalin A- (Con A) activated alloimmune human lymphocytes. The antiserum RH1 effectively inhibited human antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), cell mediated cytotoxicity (CMC), and natural killing (NK) in the absence of complement (C). Inhibition by RH1 was dependent on the dilution of antiserum employed and the number of cytotoxic lymphocytes present during cytolysis. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with RH1 or the presence of RH1 in culture did not inhibit lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by Con A, phytohemagglutinin, or allogeneic cells; lymphokine production as measured by leukocyte-inhibiting factor production; antibody-dependent C lysis; or CMC mediated by murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Analysis of the mechanism of inhibition of cytotoxicity by RH1 revealed that 1) RH1 was not cytotoxic for human lymphocytes at 37 degrees C in the absence of C; 2) purified F(ab')2 fragments were equally inhibitory as whole serum; 3) pretreatment of lymphocytes with RH1 effectively inhibited their capacity to mediate ADCC, CMC, or NK, and this effect was reversible by culturing the cells overnight at 37 degrees C; 4) RH1 did not inhibit target cell binding by K cells, effector cells of ADCC, or alloimmune T cells, but did inhibit binding by NK cells; and finally, 5) the addition of RH1 to preformed lymphocyte target conjugates in a single cell cytotoxicity assay inhibited killing of the bound target cells in all three systems without disrupting the conjugates. Collectively, these findings suggest that RH1 antiserum interacts with structures present on the surfaces of cytotoxic lymphocytes that are involved in the activation of the lytic mechanism(s) or with the actual lytic molecule or molecules themselves. Furthermore, the ability of RH1 to inhibit ADCC, CMC, and NK during the post-binding cytolytic phase of these reactions indicates that binding and cytolysis are distinct and separate events in all types of cell mediated cytolysis. PMID- 6976990 TI - Multiple loci mediate B cell repertoire ontogeny: analysis of the hemagglutinin specific repertoires in neonatal C.B20 and (C.B20 x B10.D2)F1 mice. AB - The HA-specific B cell repertoires of 12 to 14-day-old C.B20 and (C.B20 X B10.D2)F1 mice have been characterized and compared to those of BALB/c, B10.D2, and (BALB/c X B10.D2)F1 mice to assess the role of allotype-linked loci in the process of repertoire formation. Both C.B20 and (C.B20 X B10.D2)F1 neonates express repertoires similar to (BALB/c X B10.D2)F1s of the same age, and allotypic analysis indicates that nonparental clonotypes observed in (BALB/c X B10.D2)F1s at this developmental stage are derived predominantly from the B10.D2 parent. In conjunction, these findings indicate that: a) allotype-linked loci, although influential in repertoire formation, clearly interact with loci elsewhere in the genome to shape the expressed repertoire phenotype; b) developmental preference may exist among heterozygous individuals regarding the time at which particular elements of each parental VH haplotype are expressed; and c) the factors that control this preference are dictated by heritable elements unlinked to Ig allotype loci. PMID- 6976991 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin stimulation of murine lymphocytes. VII. Identification of an age-dependent change in accessory cell function. AB - Rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin-induced proliferation of murine B cells requires the participation of a macrophage- (M phi)like accessory cell. This cell is found in the spleen of aged mice, the B cells of which respond to stimulation by intact anti-Ig molecules. M phi characteristics of this cell include resistance to treatment with either anti-theta or anti-Ig plus complement, adherence to plastic, and resistance to radiation. Evidence was obtained that indicates that the age-dependent anti-Ig responsiveness of B cells involves, in part, a temporal change in the splenic M phi population. The ability of these accessory cells to facilitate anti-Ig responsiveness by normally unresponsive B cells was shown both in vivo and in vitro. Reconstitution of lethally irradiated aged, but not young, mice with spleen cells from unresponsive young mice resulted in the appearance of anti-Ig responsive B cells within 30 days. Similarly, coculture of unresponsive spleen cells with irradiated splenic adherent cells from aged, but not young, mice provided accessory cell activity for anti-Ig responses. Additional experiments showed that accessory cells were also present in bone marrow and the peritoneal cavity but were absent in lymph node and thymus. Addition of 2 mercaptoethanol to the culture medium functionally replaced the requirement for accessory cells and was also found to alter the response pattern of the B cells. PMID- 6976992 TI - Effects of polyclonal immune stimulators upon NZB.xid congenic mice. PMID- 6976995 TI - Antigen presentation to T cell hybridomas by a macrophage cell line: an inducible function. AB - We have investigated the ability of an Ia-, nonantigen-presenting macrophage tumor cell line, P388D, (H-2d), to present antigen to T cell hybridomas after incubation in a lymphokine-containing preparation. P388D, cells were incubated in microtiter wells with various concentrations of Con A-stimulated spleen cell supernatants. Antigen-specific stimulation of H-2d-restricted, KLH-specific T cell hybridomas was observed by P388D1 incubated with SUP.P388D1 cells incubated for 3 days in medium or control SUP did not present antigen. In addition, no stimulation of T hybridomas was seen by P388D1 in the inhibited by the appropriate monoclonal anti-Ia reagents. These results demonstrate that a macrophage tumor cell line can be induced to present antigen and provides for large numbers of readily available, homogeneous macrophages for studying the cellular biochemical requirements for antigen processing and presentation. PMID- 6976994 TI - Conformational changes in complement component C4 induced by activation, treatment with amines, chaotropes, or freezing-thawing, detectable by radioiodination using lactoperoxidase. AB - Conversion of C4 to C4b by enzymic cleavage or generation of a C4b-like form by treatment with amines, chaotropes, or freezing and thawing is accompanied by conformational alterations in the molecule. The nature of the changes is the same whether C4 is converted to a C4b-like form or to C4b. Evidence for structural changes at the surface of the C4 molecule was obtained by peripheral labeling with 125I by the lactoperoxidase method: there are residues, probably tyrosines, that are inaccessible for radioiodination in C4b and C4b-like C4, but exposed in native C4. The residues concerned are located in two separated parts of the alpha chain at a distance of approximately 9000-34,000 m.w. from the N-terminus and in a 16,000 m.w. portion at the C-terminus. It is so far unknown whether the observed changes are involved in the uncovering of new binding sites, or whether they are the mere reflection of alterations elsewhere in the molecule that are of greater functional significance. PMID- 6976993 TI - The fourth component of human complement treated with amines or chaotropes or frozen-thawed (C4b-like C4): interaction with C4 binding protein and cleavage by C3b/C4b inactivator. AB - We have shown previously that C4 treated with amines or chaotropes, although uncleaved, exhibits properties that are similar to C4b. Studies by other groups suggest that this C4b-like form of C4 is characterized by the lack of an internal thiolester bond that is present in native C4. We report here that C4 treated with N2H4 or KSCN or frozen-thawed, unlike native C4, forms a complex with C4-binding protein (C4-bp) and is cleaved by C3b/C4b inactivator (I). Fragmentation of C4b like C4 by I occurs without previous cleavage to C4b and requires the presence of C4-bp. Cleavage of C4b-like C4 proceeds in two steps: a small fragment (16,000 m.w.) is released first, followed by cleavage of the remaining alpha-chain fragment (83,000 m.w.) into polypeptides of 46,000 (C4d) and 32,000 m.w. All fragments, except the 46,000 m.w. fragment, are disulfide-linked to the beta- and/or gamma-chains of C4. Cleavage of C4b-like C4 probably occurs at the same points in the alp a-chain as in C4b; however, C4b-like c4 also contains C4a. Based on the m.w. determinations, the C4a portion of the alpha-chain is present in the 83,000 m.w. fragment, and after the second cleavage, in the 32,000 m.w. fragment of C4b-like C4. These findings suggest the following alignment of alpha chain fragments: the N-terminal C4a portion is attached to a polypeptide of about 25,000 m.w. (alpha 3), which is followed in the sequence by C4d (alpha 2) (46,000 m.w.) and a small 16,000 m.w. fragment (alpha 4) that forms the C-terminus. PMID- 6976996 TI - The subcomponent Clq of the first component of guinea pig complement: purification and characterization. AB - Guinea pig C1q was purified, in a highly active hemolytic form, by a combination of precipitation with chelating agents, CM-cellulose and Sepharose 6B. Yields ranged from 30 to 35% protein, and the activity of final preparations was in the range of 2 x 10(13)--3 x 10(13) C1q effective molecules/mg. The molecular weight of C1q was approximately 430,000, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). C1q was shown to be composed of two non-covalently liked subunits of approximate molecular weights 46,500 and 45,000 in a molar ratio 2:1. One reduction, the higher molecular weight subunit gave two chains having approximate molecular weights of 24,500 and 23,000 in equimolar ration, and the lower weight subunit gave one chain with a molecular weight of approximately 22,300. C1q contained hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine and high percentage of glycine. Thus, the overall molecular structure of guinea pig C1q appears similar to that of human C1q. The antiserum against the purified C1q showed only one precipitation band with guinea pig whole serum or purified C1q on immunodiffusion analyses and was found to be monospecific. PMID- 6976997 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to native DNA in sera of patients with SLE. AB - A micro-ELISA technique has been developed to measure antibodies to native DNA and used in SLE patients. The distribution of antibody to native DNA in the main immunoglobulin classes was studied, using anti-human globulin conjugates labelled with peroxidase. the antigen (double-stranded DNA from calf thymus) used in the assay was adsorbed to the surface of polystyrene plates treated with methylated bovine serum albumin. The standardization of the method was carried out by use of globulin calibration curves. PMID- 6976998 TI - Human skin cells synthesize HLA-DR molecules of the same charge and molecular weight as those synthesized by autologous lymphocytes. AB - Between 5 and 14% of human skin cells, separated by trypsinization, express HLA DR antigen as detected by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal anti-DR antibody. To determine the source and structure of these DR molecules, skin cell suspensions were biosynthetically labeled with 35S-methionine and the radiolabeled DR molecules were analyzed by the method of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicated the presence of heavy, intermediate, and light chains indistinguishable from those of B lymphocyte DR. Gels in which DR immunoprecipitates from skin cells and autologous lymphocytes were run simultaneously confirmed this finding. Thus, skin cells and lymphocytes synthesize HLA-DR antigen of identical charge and molecular weight. PMID- 6976999 TI - The spontaneous loss of contact sensitivity in the mouse does not require B cells. AB - In the mouse, allergic contact dermatitis to the strong contact allergen dinitrofluorobenzene is maximal 5 to 6 days after sensitization and rapidly fades in the succeeding days. It has been proposed that this loss of T-cell reactivity depends on feedback inhibition by anti-idiotypic antibody of the expression of allergic contact dermatitis. We have examined this question by studying the course of allergic contact dermatitis in mice made B-cell deficient by the chronic administration from birth of a heterologous antibody with specificity for mouse IgM. We found in these mice a spontaneous loss of allergic contact dermatitis comparable to that seen in normal intact mice. This implies that the rapid rise and fall of contact sensitivity in the mouse is not necessarily mediated by B cells (or B-cell products) and is compatible with its control, at least in part, by T-suppressor cells. PMID- 6977000 TI - Polyclonal B cell activation in the acute phase of systemic lupus erythematosus- aspects of pathogenic significance. AB - B lymphocytes from patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus show increasing rates of spontaneous transformation in prolonged cultivation (144 hr). An additional B cell stimulation could be detected following the addition of sera from lupus erythematosus patients (isolated during the acute phase of disease) to the culture medium. In addition enriched mitogenic serum components from lupus sera increase the 3H-thymidine uptake of Brucella abortus primed B cells of healthy controls. The incorporation of 3H-thymidine with respect to the Brucella antigen concentration is described. PMID- 6977001 TI - A polysaccharide-protein complex from Haemophilus influenzae type b. I. Activity in weanling rabbits and human T lymphocytes. AB - Complexes containing proteins, capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitolphosphate [PRP]), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had been isolated from the supernatants of cultures of Haemophilus influenzae type b and were found to elicit rabbit antibodies to PRP much more effectively than did purified PRP vaccine. Similar complexes have now been prepared, in which the LPS content and endotoxic activity are greatly reduced. One such preparation, called polysaccharide-protein complex (PC), elicited antibodies to PRP in a "boostable" pattern in weanling rabbits and antibodies to the somatic components of H. influenzae type b, primarily LPS. PC greatly exceeded PRP in the in vitro stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation by mononuclear leukocytes from human peripheral blood; the response occurred in T cells rather than in B cells. Lymphocyte stimulation by conventionally purified PRP appeared to be due to a small residuum of material that resembled PC. PMID- 6977004 TI - Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6977005 TI - [Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary trunk with mitral insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977002 TI - A polysaccharide-protein complex from Haemophilus influenzae type b. II. Human antibodies to its somatic components. AB - A polysaccharide-protein complex prepared from Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eagan was used as test antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human serum antibodies. With washing buffer that did not contain detergent, the assay detected antibody to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to non-LPS somatic antigens as well as to polyribosylribitolphosphate (PRP. With buffer that did contain detergent, antibodies to LPS were not detected, whereas detection of antibodies to the non-LPS somatic components and to PRP wa unimpeded. Similarly, purified LPS could be used as test antigen with the former buffer only. IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to non-LPS somatic antigens were prevalent in healthy adults and children, and levels increased in 14 of 15 patients recovering from meningitis due to H. influenzae type b; IgG was the predominant class. Antibodies to LPS were prevalent but at lower concentrations, and IgM was the predominant class; levels increased in 12 of the 15 patients. PMID- 6977003 TI - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: microbiologic characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and assessment of virulence of an epidemic strain. AB - An epidemic strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from patients at the University of Virginia Hospital in Charlottesville (MRSA-Va) was characterized, and virulence properties were compared with those of three clinically significant strains of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. Unlike most known strains of MRSA, MRSA-Va was sensitive to tetracycline and streptomycin and exhibited high-level homogeneous methicillin resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration, greater than 128 microgram/ml). The expression of resistance was not influenced by incubation temperature. MRSA-Va contained significantly more catalase (P less than 0.05) than methicillin-sensitive strains but about the same amount of protein A. Phagocytosis and killing of MRSA-Va by normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes were not significantly different from that of the Wood-46 strain of S. aureus. In mouse virulence studies using both intraperitoneal and intravenous modes of infection, 50% lethal doses for MRSA-Va were comparable with those of the three methicillin-sensitive strains. This epidemic strain of MRSA appears to be fully virulent. PMID- 6977006 TI - Urinary excretion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in health and the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Patients with the nephrotic syndrome may exhibit low serum 25-OH-D concentrations. We developed a method for isolation of 25-OH-D from urine, with measurement by competitive binding assay. Daily urinary 25-OH-D excretion in healthy subjects averaged 0.17 +/- 0.15 nmol/day. Among nephrotic patients, urinary 25-OH-D excretion ranged from 0.27 to 10 nmol/day, in direct relation to the severity of proteinuria (r=0.76) and averaged 3.7 +/- 3.5 nmol/day. The 25-OH D in the urine of nephrotic patients was unconjugated, implying that it was excreted with the serum VDBG, which has been shown to have a molecular weight and isoelectric point similar to that of albumin. We conclude that low serum 25-OH-D concentrations among nephrotic patients are principally the result or urinary losses of steroid. (J Lab Clin Med 99:325, 1982.) PMID- 6977007 TI - Post-infarction left ventricular aneurysms. PMID- 6977008 TI - Respiratory illness in British schoolchildren and atmospheric smoke and sulphur dioxide 1973-7. I: cross-sectional findings. AB - The relation between respiratory illness and atmospheric smoke and sulphur dioxide (SO2) was investigated from 1973 to 1977 in children aged 6 to 11 from a random sample of 28 areas in England and Scotland. Cross-sectional results are presented for 1975, and results from other years briefly summarised. In 1975 there were 19 areas with data on pollution and in these areas the sample included 5787 children of white ethnic origin of whom 4116 (71%) had complete information of respiratory illness and other variables considered in the analysis. After allowing for the effects of age, social class, population density, type of fuel used for cooking in the home, and season of examination, the prevalence of respiratory illness in both sexes was in the home, and season of examination, the prevalence of respiratory illness in both sexes was positively associated with the levels of smoke over the range of annual means 8 to 51 microgram/m3 )P less than or equal to 0.05). No relation was found between illness and annual means of SO2 ranging from 12 to 114 microgram/m3. Similar results were found in other years, and in 1977, when information of tobacco smoking at home was collected, the association between illness and atmospheric smoke appeared to be independent of smoking within the home. The levels of smoke were much lower than those at which effects on health hve previously been reported so the association is unlikely to be causative. We postulate that higher levels of atmospheric pollution at an earlier period in some areas may have predisposed children living there to respiratory illness during their primary school years. Alternatively, some other characteristics of the polluted areas may explain the findings. PMID- 6977010 TI - Ubiquitous nonimmunoglobulin p-azobenzenearsonate-binding molecules from lymphoid cells. AB - A ubiquitous nonimmunoglobulin molecule that binds p-azobenzenearsonate (ABA) has been detected in the cytoplasm of several murine cell lines, including T cell hybridomas as well as in normal liver and spleen. Similar to many recently described antigen-specific T cell factors, this ABA-binding protein has a 62,000 mol wt, and, when analyzed by direct binding, the molecule reacts with several different rabbit anti-idiotypic antisera specific to the ABA system. The presence of this antigen-specific, "idiotype positive" molecule in many different cells indicates that it is not an important immunoregulatory molecule. PMID- 6977011 TI - Development of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors in organ-cultured mouse embryonic thymus rudiments. AB - The appearance of immunologically competent cells in the organ-cultured mouse fetal thymic rudiment has been investigated. Fetal thymuses removed at 14 d of gestation and cultured for 7-21 d were assayed for their content of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) directed against H-2d alloantigens. Whereas CTL-P were undetectable within fetal thymus until 18-19 d of gestation, their frequency in the organ-cultured fetal thymus was similar to, or greater than that found in the normal adult thymus. This direct demonstration of the appearance of alloreactive CTL-P in a closed in vitro system should provide an accessible model for the investigation of interactions between developing T cells and the thymic microenvironment. PMID- 6977012 TI - Infrequent normal B lymphocytes express features of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - An infrequent (2-3%) B lymphocyte subpopulation was found in the normal human tonsil and lymph nodes that shows the phenotypic characteristics of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) (rosette formation with mouse erythrocytes, weak expression of membrane Ig, staining for HLA-DR, and OKT1 or Leu-1 detecting a T cell-associated p65 antigen). Preliminary evidence suggests that at least a subpopulation of these cells is found, in small proportions, within the germinal centers. These cells were not observed in the human bone marrow. B-CLL may involve this peripheral B lymphocyte subset. PMID- 6977013 TI - Evaluation and modification of a radioimmunoassay for pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein. AB - The radioimmunoassay available from Behringwerke for pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP 1) was tested for its ability to detect pregnancy prior to the first missed menstrual period. It was found that the equine serum, used as solvent for the standards, did not react like human serum. The standard solvent was replaced by bovine serum albumin 50 g/1 and pooled human serum respectively. Equilibrium and sequential incubation procedures were compared. The latter appeared to be more sensitive in the low value range and was therefore more suitable for the early detection of pregnancy. Also, with standards in albumin, the sequential assay was more specific. SP1 could be detected in sera of men and non-pregnant women, using albumin as standard solvent. This could be due to different cross reacting material of the protein matrix, or to the presence of SP1- like material in human sera. The choice of human male serum seemed to be the most practical. It has also been adopted by Behring, and a commercial kit has been prepared. PMID- 6977016 TI - In vitro studies of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: inhibition by folate derivatives, folate antagonists, and monoamine derivatives. AB - Folate monoglutamates and folate antagonists have an inhibitory action on the activity of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in rat brain. The type of inhibition was studied for dihydrofolic acid using the Lineweaver--Burk transformation. Some of the monoamine alkaloids, the in vitro products of 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, have either a stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. PMID- 6977014 TI - Epidemiology and ethics of coronary artery bypass surgery in an eastern county. AB - Despite an extensive literature on coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in the last decade, relatively little has been written on the demographic or socioeconomic characteristics of patients who receive this limited medical resource. In the present study data were collected on all patients (N = 539) who received this procedure over a one-year period (July 1977 to June 1978) within Erie County in western New York. Using available census tract data, age-sex adjusted surgery rates by socioeconomic status are developed for defined geographic areas. Patients residing in the city of Buffalo and those from census tracts in the lowest quartile of median family income have dramatically lower surgery rates than do others in the county (P less than .001). Although these discrepancies in CABG surgery rates may be partially explained by differing incidence rates of the medical indications for CABG surgery, problems of access to the service may be operative. Three different principles of distributive justice (equality, liberty, and utility) are discussed in an attempt to see how they might be applicable to the pattern documented. PMID- 6977009 TI - Mechanisms of syngeneic tumor rejection. Susceptibility of host-selected progressor variants to various immunological effector cells. AB - The ultraviolet radiation-induced fibrosarcoma 1591 generally is rejected by normal syngeneic mice and only rarely exhibits progressive growth. We isolated five of these rare progressor tumors from normal animals to determine the selective pressures that had been exerted upon the parental tumor by normal immunocompetent hosts. We found that the variant tumor cell lines could neither induce nor be killed by tumor-specific lymphocytes, suggesting that selection had been exerted against tumor cells expressing the tumor-specific antigen. In contrast, no selection against natural killer cell activity or against nonspecific T cell-mediated immunity seems to have occurred because progressor tumor cells were highly sensitive to these types of effector cells and in fact induced these effector cells more effectively than did the parental tumor. Nude mice were found to be as capable as normal mice in generating natural killer activity in response to a challenge with progressor tumor cells, but they were unable to mount a nonspecific T lymphocyte response. This may account for the fact that the progressor tumors grew at a significantly faster rate in nude animals than in normal mice. Thus, our study shows that in this tumor system nonspecific T cell-mediated immunity may play a role in retarding tumor growth, but the absolute resistance of normal animals to progressive tumor growth critically depends upon the presence of T cell-mediated tumor-specific immunity. Furthermore, neither NK cells nor nonspecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes appear to play a role in immunoselection against this tumor in normal immunocompetent hosts. PMID- 6977015 TI - Isotonic contraction of skinned muscle fibers on a slow time base: effects of ionic strength and calcium. AB - The force development by calcium-activated skinned frog skeletal muscle fibers and the motion on a slow time base after a quick decrease in load were studied at 0-1 degrees C as a function of the ionic strength and the degree of activation. The ionic strength was varied between 50 and 190 mM by adding appropriate concentrations of KCl to the bathing solution. Under these conditions, the fibers could be maximally activated for several cycles at low ionic strength without developing residual tension. We found that the steady isometric force in fully activated fibers linearly decreased when the KCl concentration was increased from 0 to 140 mM. The steady isotonic motion at a given relative load in fully activated fibers was almost the same at KCl concentration greater than or equal to 50 mM. In 0 and 20 mM KCl, the isotonic velocity decreased continuously for more than 300 ms. At a given relative load, the initial velocity of the motion in 0 and 20 mM KCl was about 0.6 and 0.9 times, respectively, that in 140 mM KCl. The initial velocity decreased further when residual tension developed; this observation provides additional evidence that residual tension may reflect the presence of an internal load. The effect of calcium on the motion was examined at 70 mM KCl. In this solution, the motion during the velocity transient at a given relative load appeared to be the same at different levels of activation. The speed of the subsequent motion was almost steady at high calcium levels but decreased continuously in low calcium levels. These results support the idea that at low ionic strength the response of the fiber to calcium is switch-like, but that other factors also affect the contraction mechanism under these conditions. PMID- 6977017 TI - Uptake of adenosine by isolated rat brain capillaries. AB - Adenosine uptake by isolated rat brain capillaries is a carrier-mediated, temperature- and pH-sensitive process. The Km value for adenosine uptake is 4.74 microM and the Vmax is 21.7 picomol/mg protein/10 min. This is a high-affinity uptake system that can be cross-inhibited by several nucleosides and by the adenosine analogs tubercidin and 5'-deoxyadenosine. The uptake is very sensitive to inhibition by papaverine, hexobendine, and dipyridamole. These results confirm the existence of a nucleoside transport system associated with the blood-brain barrier observed during in vivo studies. PMID- 6977019 TI - Field-flood requirements for emission computed tomography with an Anger camera. AB - Emission computed tomography with a rotating camera places stringent requirements on camera uniformity and the stability of camera response. In terms of clinical tomographic imaging, we have studied the statistical accuracy required for camera flood correction, the requirements for flood accuracy, the utility and validity of flood and data image smoothing to reduce random noise effects, and the magnitude and effect of camera variations as a function of angular position, energy window, and tuning. Uniformity of the corrected flood response must be held to better than 1% to eliminate image artifacts that are apparent in a million-count image of a liver slice. This requires calibration with an accurate, well-mixed flood source. Both random fluctuations and variations in camera response with rotation must be kept below 1%. To meet the statistical limit, one requires at least 30 million counts for the flood-correction image. Smoothing the flood image alone introduces unacceptable image artifacts. Smoothing both the flood image and data, however, appears to be a good approach toward reducing noise effects. Careful camera tuning and magnetic shield design provide camera stability suitable for present clinical applications. PMID- 6977018 TI - New findings about interrelations between vestibular receptors in the fog. PMID- 6977021 TI - Lesion detection with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) compared with conventional imaging. AB - We have evaluated analytically and experimentally the effectiveness of both conventional nuclear medicine imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging to detect small photon-deficient areas (approximately the size of the system's resolution) with a relatively uniform background. The experimental model is based on the Tc-99m sulfur colloid study of the liver. The experimental data were obtained from a liver phantom containing two small photon deficient areas, nominally 1 and 1.5 cm in diameter. The liver phantom was placed in a water-filled Alderson body phantom and scanned with the cold defects located both centrally and peripherally. Lesion image contrast for both conventional and SPECT imaging is proportional to the lesion uptake ratio and is degraded by the system's finite spatial resolution and Compton-scattered photons. However, for conventional imaging the contrast is significantly degraded by the effect of radionuclide superposition (as modified by attenuation), while for SPECT imaging the contrast is essentially independent of these effects. This results in a significant increase in lesion-to-background contrast with SPECT as compared with conventional imaging. The measured SPECT image contrasts for the 1- and 1.5-cm areas of low uptake averaged more than five times the measured image contrasts for the conventional system. PMID- 6977020 TI - Beta-methyl[1-11C]heptadecanoic acid: a new myocardial metabolic tracer for positron emission tomography. AB - We have tagged heptadecanoic acid with C-11 at the carboxyl group and have inserted a methyl radical in the beta position to inhibit beta oxidation of the fatty acid; we have then explored the tracer's potential as an indicator of myocardial metabolism for use with the positron tomograph. In this preliminary evaluation, biodistribution studies were made in rats and dogs, and imaging of normal and infarcted dogs was performed. At 30 min the tissue distribution studies in rats and dogs showed, respectively, 1.9% and 8.3% uptake in the heart. Sequential images of the canine heart exhibited a remarkable uptake, peaking at 16-18 min and retaining the same level of activity over the one-hour study period. Images of the heart after LAD ligation showed an area of diminished uptake corresponding to the region of infarction. Thus this agent has the basic properties required for potential use in the assessment and quantitation of free fatty-acid metabolism in the heart in a manner similar to the measurement of glucose metabolism in the brain with 2-[18F]fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucose. PMID- 6977025 TI - Biochemical studies on experimental stress ulcer. I. Gastric mucosal hemorrhage and coagulation fibrinolysis in rat stress ulcer. AB - The relationship between gastric mucosal hemorrhage and coagulation-fibrinolysis of fasting, restraint and water immersion stress (FS) rats was studied in comparison with normal (N) and fasting (F) rats. In this case, the FS group was fasted for 18 h prior to the stress application and then subjected to restraint and water immersion for various intervals. The F group was fasted for 18 h plus the time comparable to the stress load. Gastric mucosal erosions with bleeding were recognized from 1 h after the stress load only in FS group and the hemorrhagic erosion index progressively increased 1 to 16 h. In the FS group, prothrombin time and active partial thromboplastin time gradually prolonged with time course from 8 and 1 h, respectively, and plasma prothrombin level remarkably decreased from 1 h, although no changes in these parameters were observed in the F group. Plasminogen activator activity in gastric mucosa significantly increased in not only FS group but also F group from 0.5 h as compared with N group. However, no significant difference was seen between F and FS groups on this activity. Plasma plasminogen and antiplasmin levels in FS group were lower than those of N group, 3 h later. It is suggested from these results that sustained hemorrhage from the gastric mucosa in this stress ulcer may be associated with high fibrinolytic activity in the gastric mucosa and the delay of blood coagulation. PMID- 6977023 TI - Outer membrane protein subtypes and investigation of recurrent Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. AB - Ten previously healthy patients, ages 3 to 26 months, developed recurrent episodes of deep-tissue Haemophilus influenzae type b infections from 4 to 191 days (median = 28 days) after the last day of antibiotic therapy given for the first episode. None of the patients had a persistent focus of infection and eight were considered to have had adequate therapy for the initial episode. Bacteremia, without evidence of relapse at the site of the original infection, was documented in eight of the ten recurrent episodes. The ampicillin susceptibilities of the HITB isolates changed between episodes in two of the patients. Blood or CSF isolates from both episodes in seven patients were examined for biotypes and outer membrane protein subtypes. Concordance of both biotype and OMP subtype was present for all seven paired isolates, including the two pairs in which the HITB ampicillin sensitivities had changed. These data imply that some patients become reinfected with their original HITB isolates and that OMP and capsular antigens do not always elicit protective immunity, even after natural infection. PMID- 6977024 TI - Intracranial pressure and cerebral arterial pulsatile flow measurement in neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. AB - We examined the clinical significance of noninvasive intracranial pressure measurements and pulsatility indices in 74 infants with confirmed IC-IVh. The intracranial pressure measurements were obtained using the applanation principle, and the pulsatility indices were calculated from the Doppler flow velocity tracings of the anterior cerebral artery. Fifty-three infants (71.6%) who died had a significantly lower birth weight and gestational age than those who survived. Survival rate decreased significantly with increased intracranial pressure (P less than 0.0002) and increased pulsatility indices (P less than 0.0001). We found no significant relationship between outcome and the size of IC IVH demonstrated by CT scan. Birth weight, intracranial pressure measurements, and cerebral arterial pulsatile flow changes appear to be major prognostic indicators in neonatal IC-IVH. PMID- 6977027 TI - Muscle and joint pain: design and evaluation of courses for general practitioners. AB - Existing deficiencies in general practice management of rheumatic disease are identified and the evolution of a three-day course designed to remedy these deficiencies is described. Evaluation of the courses showed changes in the performance of participants in diagnosing and treating rheumatic disorders. Knowledge was increased, referral to hospital was halved and treatments in general practice, such as injections of steroids and advice on self-care, were increased. These changes were measured and were maintained up to two years after the course. PMID- 6977026 TI - Non-psychotic psychiatric disorders in women one year after childbirth. PMID- 6977028 TI - Comparison of pregnancy-associated murine protein-1 and human pregnancy zone protein. AB - Immunological cross-reaction between human pregnancy zone protein (PZP, SP-3, alpha 2-PAG) and pregnancy-associated murine protein-1 (PAMP-1) was demonstrated by countercurrent line immunoelectrophoresis using antibodies against the proteins raised in hens. The levels of PZP and PAMP-1 were measured during pregnancy and found to be very similar in the first half of pregnancy. Both proteins were found to be heterogeneous and separable according to surface properties. It is suggested that the murine PAMP-1 can be used to study the physiology of human PZP. PMID- 6977029 TI - Klebsiella isolates which cross-react with an HLA-B27-associated determinant do not share capsular serotypes or bacteriophage types. PMID- 6977030 TI - Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis and radiological abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints in HLA-B27 positive individuals. PMID- 6977022 TI - The metabolism of folinic acid (leucovorin) following oral and parenteral administration. AB - Serum and urinary distributions of following oral and parenteral administration of leucovorin (3-15 mg) were examined in normal adult volunteers microbiologically using lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecalis and Pediococcus cerevisiae as test organisms. By the parenteral route, nearly one third of the folate in the serum and urine was in the form of folinic acid and the remainder as 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. Almost all the folate in serum and urine was in the form of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid after oral administration. Peak serum folate was observed 3 hr after oral administration, later than that seen after parenteral administration (30 min). Elevation of serum folate was achieved by the increase of the methyl form of folate following repeated administration of leucovorin orally and parenterally. As the form of folate actually rescuing normal cells in a high-dose methotrexate regimen was thought to be methyl, use of the oral route as a principal means of administration of leucovorin in a rescue program was looked into. PMID- 6977034 TI - Early diagnosis of septic arthritis of the sacroiliac joint by use of computed tomography. AB - Two cases of suspected septic arthritis of the sacroiliac joint with normal radiographs and nuclide scans were investigated by computed tomography. Bone and soft tissue abnormalities consistent with septic arthritis were found. Diagnosis was confirmed by needle aspiration of the sacroiliac joint. Computed tomography may be useful in the early diagnosis of the sacroiliac joint when plain radiographs and nuclide scans are normal. PMID- 6977031 TI - Chronic polyarthritis in inbred C3H/He mice after systemic administration of allogeneic thymocytes. AB - Chronic polyarthritis was produced in inbred C3H/He mice after intraperitoneal (ip) administration of allogeneic thymocytes of inbred line BALB/c mice. The polyarthritis persisted more than 18 months without additional ip treatment. Histologically, synovial cell hyperplasia, granulation tissue formation, and inflammatory cell infiltration were seen. More than 6 months after the initial administration, range of motion of the affected joints was significantly restricted and the erosive destructions of joint cartilage were found roentgenographically. Thus, this experimentally induced arthritis proved to have many pathologic features in common with human rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6977033 TI - Costs of managing patients at a Canadian rheumatic disease unit. AB - Financial and other costs of managing 194 inpatients and 433 outpatients referred to the rheumatology service of a Canadian general teaching hospital during 1978 were assessed. The tax financed institutional cost/outpatient visit was $102, compared to $112/inpatient day, which was 62% of the hospital's $180 cost/inpatient day. Hospital financial costs represent 78% of RDU outpatient costs and 85% of substantially lower than per diem rates. Our findings caution against relying solely on hospital data in assessing total economic costs of any diagnostic subset of patients. PMID- 6977032 TI - The Jo-1 antibody system in myositis: relationships to clinical features and HLA. AB - Antibodies to Jo-1, a saline extractable nuclear antigen, were found in 11/47 (23%) patients with myositis and in 0/35 controls with systemic lupus erythematosus or progressive systemic sclerosis (p less than or equal to 0.01). Within myositis subgroups, anti-Jo-1 occurred in 6/20 (30%) with polymyositis, 2/16 (13%) with dermatomyositis and 3/7 (43%) with overlap. There was an association between Jo-1 antibodies and HLA-DR3, irrespective of race or clinical subgroups (p less than or equal to 0.05). All anti-Jo-1 positive patients had either HLA-DR3, HLA-DRW6 or both (p less than or equal to 0.01). Thus, this antibody system might arise as a result of an aberrant immune response mediated at or near HLA-D in patients with myositis. PMID- 6977035 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. 3. Synthesis of the positional isomers of 4'-chloro-5-methoxy-3-biphenylylacetic acid and their antiinflammatory and analgesic activities. AB - The positional isomers 3a-i of 4'-chloro-5-methoxy-3-biphenylylacetic acid [1 (DKA-9), R = 4-ClPh; R' = MeO] which is a newly developed nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, have been prepared and evaluated for antiinflammatory and analgesic activities using both the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and AcOH writhing assays. The 3- and 4-biphenylylacetic acids 3a,d, which closely resemble 1 (R = 4-ClPh, R' = MeO) structurally, showed, by far, excellent activities compared with the other isomers in these assays. However, none of the compounds tested was more active than 1 (R = 4-ClPh; R' = MeO). In this series of compounds, structural requirements for good antiinflammatory activity seemed to be parallel to those for analgesic activity. PMID- 6977036 TI - Three-dimensional structure of the vertebrate muscle A-band. III. M-region structure and myosin filament symmetry. PMID- 6977037 TI - Diversity of expression of non-muscle actin in amphibia. PMID- 6977038 TI - Analysis of mesenchyme in the developing hind limb of Rana pipiens larvae with implications for neural development. AB - Mesenchyme in the hind limbs of Rana pipiens tadpoles may serve as an important influence on the development of specific neural structures involved in limb innervation. Thus a histological quantification of mesenchyme was undertaken to identify landmark stages with respect to mesenchyme presence and neural events. Mesenchyme remained as a high percentage of the limb tissue until stage V (Taylor Kollros stages, '46), after which it declined dramatically until its virtual absence after stage XI. The volume of mesenchyme, however, was greatest at stages VIII-IX. Periods of high and low mesenchyme content were correlated in time with potential limb involvement in regulating limb innervation and motor neuron loss from the lateral motor columns. This provides additional evidence for developmental relationships between events of the limb and neural tissues. PMID- 6977039 TI - Involvement of fibronectin, Von Willebrand factor, and fibrinogen in platelet interaction with solid substrata. AB - The proteins fibronectin (FN), Von Willebrand factor (VWF), and fibrinogen are believed to play a role in platelet function. They are distributed between the plasma and the platelet pool in the resting state and undergo redistribution upon platelet activation. We have studied their expression on the surface of the platelet and their mobilization following platelet binding to substrata. For the purpose of studying protein expression on the surface of intact platelets either adherent to a substratum or in suspension, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was elaborated and modified. Using this technique as well as immunofluorescence, we found that antiserum raised against carefully washed human platelets recognized FN, VWF, and fibrinogen as well as platelet surfaces. However, specific antisera against these three proteins failed to bind to the surface of unactivated gel-filtered platelets. When gel-filtered platelets were exposed to plastic or fibrillar collagen, they adhered and spread. Such platelets did bind antibodies against FN, VWF, and fibrinogen, Moreover, when the adherent platelets were incubated with FN or with VWF in the absence of ristocetin, they bound these proteins in a concentration-dependent fashion. The patterns of the bound proteins were not similar, suggesting a different spatial distribution of binding sites. These findings indicate that platelet activation by adhesion to substrata mobilize both endogenous and exogenous pools of these proteins, thereby making them surface associated and probable participants in further binding properties of the activated platelet. PMID- 6977040 TI - Cell interactions in the bone marrow microenvironment: role of endogenous colony stimulating activity. AB - Adherent stromal cells from mouse bone marrow inhibited the formation of granulocyte/monocyte (G/M) colonies induced in vitro by colony-stimulating factor (CSF). This inhibition occurred both when crude conditioned media obtained from various sources were used to induce colony formation or when a pure CSF preparation from mouse lung origin was tested. The inhibition did not appear to be toxic in nature since despite the lack of colony formation, progenitor CFU-C proliferated in the presence of stromal cells. Medium conditioned by adherent stromal cells was devoid of inhibitory activity when incorporated into the culture medium used for G/M colony formation, indicating that the inhibitory activity may not be present in a soluble form. Inhibitors of prostaglandins did not affect G/M colony formation. In contrast, D-glucose and a number of other free monosaccharides but not pyruvate lactate or glycerol induced formation of myeloid colonies in the presence of stromal cells. This did not require addition of exogenous CSF. Released factors concentrated from serum-free medium conditioned by stromal cells exhibited colony-stimulating activity provided that the medium contained a high glucose concentration during incubation. It is proposed that stromal cells produce a resident CSF that, in contrast to exogenous CSF species, is capable of inducing myelopoiesis within the bone and marrow stroma. PMID- 6977041 TI - Detection of gastrointestinal bleeding sites. Use of in vitro technetium Tc 99m labeled RBCs. PMID- 6977042 TI - Positron computed tomography. PMID- 6977043 TI - Electrical stimulation of muscles replaces braces for scoliosis. PMID- 6977044 TI - Management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Part II. PMID- 6977045 TI - [Biochemical and genetical study on antibiotic-resistance in pathogenic bacteria, especially on the resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by beta-lactamases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977046 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of T-precursor cell--special reference to surface marker (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977048 TI - [A case of chronic granulocytic leukemia in lymphoblastic crisis with B-cell markers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977049 TI - [Studies on acid-alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activities of T-lymphocytes in patients with advanced cancers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977047 TI - [Effect of methotrexate-citrovorum factor (MTX-CF) rescue therapy in a case of malignant histiocytosis with disseminated intravascular coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977050 TI - [48, XXYY Klinefelter's syndrome with recurrent leg ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977051 TI - [Induction of TNCB contact sensitivity by TNP-modified epidermal cells and spleen cells--immunological functions of Ia antigen on hapten-modified cells in the induction of contact sensitivity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977052 TI - [Six cases of Ia-like antigen positive T cell lymphomas with skin lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977053 TI - [A photosensitive disease with a defect in the recovery of DNA synthesis after UV irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977054 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of age related changes and changes after topical application of steroid in hairy and hairless mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977055 TI - [Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRTase) in the skin-HGP-RTase activity and morphological changes after UVB irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977056 TI - [Eruptive vellus hair cysts (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977057 TI - [Chronic disseminated histiocytosis X in an adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977058 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic investigations of outgrown epidermal cells from the patients of Hailey-Hailey's disease and Darier's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977059 TI - [Fine structures of foam cells in an experimental rabbit xanthoma: progressive changes of lipid granules in the foam cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977060 TI - [Macroscopic and histopathologic studies on small blood vessels of lip mucous membrane in hepatic injured rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977064 TI - [Respiratory care following aorto-coronary bypass]. PMID- 6977063 TI - [Vitamin D metabolism in chronic glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977061 TI - [Experimental studies on gastrointestinal bleeding in acute hepatic failure. Part 1. With special reference to the coagulation and fibrinolytic system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977062 TI - [Lymphocyte cytotoxicity against HBsAg-coated hepatocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis. II. Effects of treatment of target cells with anti-HBs antibody (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977065 TI - [Drug therapy and care of a patient with angina pectoris following aorto-coronary bypass]. PMID- 6977067 TI - Implications of an expanding supply of physicians: evidence from a cross sectional analysis. AB - In the fall of 1980 the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) issued a report estimating that the supply of physicians will increase by 43% from 1978 to 1990, compared with an increase of 11% in the United States population. GMENAC estimated that this will lead to a surplus of 70,000 physicians by 1990, increasing to 145,000 by the turn of the century. Particularly marked surpluses are estimated to occur for nearly all surgical specialties, as well as most medical subspecialties. This paper attempts to estimate the impact of this increase in the supply of physicians on health care utilization and spending for health care services. Using cross-sectional data for 1978 this study estimates that an increased supply of physicians increases hospital admissions, lengths of hospital stays, costs per hospital day, physician fees for specialty services, and physician expenditures per capita. However, physician incomes appear to be lower in areas with more physicians. Projections to 1990 indicate that total health expenditures may be $50 billion higher as a result of the increase in physician supply. Real incomes of physicians, however, may be no greater than in 1978. PMID- 6977066 TI - Interaction of adenosine and acetylcholine on the bullfrog atrium. AB - As adenosine has a potent stabilizing action on catecholamine stimulation in the myocardium, the mode of interaction of adenosine and acetylcholine (ACh) was studied with regard to the membrane potential, current and tension components of the bullfrog atrium, using the single or double-sucrose gap method. Adenosine (10(-4)-3 x 10(-3)M) augmented the twitch contraction in the presence of ACh(10( 9)-5 x 10(-7)M) by lengthening the duration of the action potential. The dose tension response curve for ACh was modified by adenosine, producing a rise of the inhibitory threshold of ACh, and the modification showed a non-competitive interaction of these compounds. Under the voltage clamp, ACh-induced steady current (IACh) was inhibited by adenosine non-competitively. The known inhibition of slow inward current (Is) by ACh was enhanced by adenosine, while the delayed outward current (Ix) was markedly suppressed. Is-dependent and -independent tension components were both inhibited by adenosine, thereby suggesting a decrease in intracellular concentrations of calcium. The potent suppression of IACh and Ix induced by adenosine, however, appeared to mitigate the inhibitory action of ACh on the action potential and twitch contraction. PMID- 6977068 TI - [Acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activities of T and B lymphocytes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977069 TI - Effects of atropine on nicotinic transmission in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 6977072 TI - Four-year clinical experience with the gelatin-resorcine-formol biological glue in acute aortic dissection. PMID- 6977071 TI - Management of evolving myocardial infarction by intracoronary thrombolysis and subsequent aorta-coronary bypass. PMID- 6977070 TI - Symbolic logic analysis of cause of death in humans: application to 108 patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 6977074 TI - Improved results for dissecting aneurysms. Intraluminal sutureless prosthesis. AB - Surgical therapy for dissection of the thoracic aorta has had a high mortality. One contributing factor has been hemorrhage from the prosthesis and the suture lines. A method of treatment with an intraluminal prosthesis that requires no end to-end anastomosis has been developed. We have used this method in 14 patients, of whom eight had acute thoracic aortic dissections and six had chronic dissections. We assembled our own prosthesis in the first five cases but, more recently, we have utilized an intraluminal prosthesis provided by USCI. Eight of the patients had type 1 dissection, of whom five required concomitant aortic valve replacement and three coronary artery bypass grafting; one had a type II dissection and five had type III dissections. The age range was 31 to 71 years with a mean of 58. There were 12 men and 2 women. There were no intraoperative deaths, but one patient died 10 days postoperatively of a perforated ulcer and another died at 6 months of empyema. Follow-up has been from 9 to 51 months with a mean of 22 months. There has been no evidence of compromise of the aortic lumen and no prosthetic problems, such as erosion, migration, or thrombosis. This technique provides a safe and simple way to repair dissecting aneurysms of the thoracic aorta and has provided long-term reliability. We have subsequently used this graft for 11 patients with aneurysm of the aorta with favorable results. We presently recommend this technique for dissecting, atherosclerotic, and Marfanoid aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. PMID- 6977073 TI - Relationship of whole body oxygen consumption to perfusion flow rate during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Whole body oxygen consumption (Vo2) and its relationship to randomly selected arterial perfusion flow rates (Q) during profoundly hypothermic (20 degrees C) cardiopulmonary bypass were determined in 17 adult patients undergoing routine coronary artery bypass operations. Vo2 falls progressively as Q decreases, from 33 +/- 8.2 ml . min(-1) . m(-2) at Q of 2.0 L . min(-1) . m(-2) to 28 +/- 5.8 at Q of 1.5, 25 +/- 5.7 at Q of 1.0, 20 +/- 4.1 at Q of 0.5, and 14 +/- 5.4 at Q of 0.25. This progressive decrease suggests shutdown of areas of the microcirculation. The upper 70% confidence limit overlaps the asymptote at Qs above 1.2. Percent oxygen extraction increases progressively as Q decreases, from 11 +/- 3.3% at Q of 2.0 to 45 +/- 9.6% at Q of 0.25, suggesting reduced reserves. Mixed venous Po2 and oxygen saturation fall linearly with decreasing Q below 1.2 (r = 0.78 and r = 0.89, p less than 0.0001, respectively), suggesting decreasing flow to perfused areas. Internal jugular venous Po2 and oxygen saturation (measured in 10 patients) fall linearly with decreasing Q below 1.8 (r = 0.72 and r = 0.88, p less than 0.0001, respectively), suggesting decreasing flow to perfused areas of the brain and a difference from the rest of the body in its behavior with decreasing Q. Thus, during cardiopulmonary bypass cerebral blood flow, autoregulation seems present at 20 degrees C. The data set indicates that flows of about 1.2 may be adequate despite limited reserves. PMID- 6977076 TI - Changes of cellular markers during differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytes to macrophages as induced by T lymphocyte conditioned medium. PMID- 6977075 TI - Hemodynamic comparison of dopamine and dobutamine in the postoperative volume loaded, pressure-loaded, and normal ventricle. PMID- 6977077 TI - Influence on frog retina of alternating magnetic fields with special reference to ganglion cell activity. PMID- 6977078 TI - [Nursing homes and medical therapy]. PMID- 6977080 TI - [Study of the hepatobiliary system using 99mTc-p-butyl-IDA]. PMID- 6977079 TI - [Diagnostic effectiveness of 99mTc-phytate colloid in the study of the hepatolienal area]. PMID- 6977082 TI - [Thrombokinase inhibitors and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in liver cirrhosis as a cause for hemorrhage in ascites shunt]. PMID- 6977081 TI - [Angioradiologic diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 6977083 TI - Role of T cells in the mitogen-induced proliferation and polyclonal antibody response of murine B cells. AB - The effect of thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) on the responsiveness of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells) to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was determined in in vitro experiments. Radiation resistant splenic T cells obtained from euthymic nu/+ mice increased the number of proliferating cells in the cultures of splenic B cells from athymic nu/nu mice even in the nonstimulated state. The radiation resistant T cells augmented significantly the responsiveness of B cells to LPS, as determined by an increase in proliferating cells and polyclonally induced anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) IgM hemolysin plaque-forming cells (PFC). Addition of the T cells to B cell cultures not only augmented the responsiveness of B cells to suboptimal doses of LPS but also enabled B cells to respond to supraoptimal doses of LPS. As is well documented, the radiation resistant T cells were unable to induce the generation of anti-SRBC PFC in B cell cultures, unless the cultures were simultaneously stimulated with SRBC. Colcemid, a specific inhibitor of cell mitosis, blocked almost completely the exponential generation of anti-SRBC PFC in B cell cultures responding to SRBC with the aid of radiation resistant T cells. In contrast, colcemid did not affect the exponential generation of anti-SRBC PFC of a polyclonal nature in B cell cultures responding to LPS, either in the presence or absence of radiation resistant T cells. PMID- 6977084 TI - [Effect of phenobarbital on the luminescence system of luminous bacteria]. AB - The effect of phenobarbital on the luminescent system of Beneckea harveyi was studied. The inhibition of luminescence with phenobarbital was shown to be due to a disorder in the synthesis of an aldehyde factor, the endogenous substrate of bacterial luciferase. Upon the action of phenobarbital, the bacterium acquires the properties of "aldehyde" mutants, i. e. their luminescence is stimulated with exogenous decyl aldehyde. The luminescence of the cells was also stimulated with long-chain aldehydes, fatty acids and their analogues: apparently, the aldehyde factor is formed via incorporation of an oxygen atom into the terminal methyl of a saturated fatty acid or its analogue. Phenobarbital has no effect on the bacterial growth; however, it increases the content of luciferase in the culture. The results suggest that phenobarbital is not a direct inductor of luciferase synthesis. Possibly, the stimulating action of phenobarbital involves the inhibition of synthesis of the aldehyde factor and, consequently, an increase in the concentration of intermediate products of its synthesis. PMID- 6977085 TI - Induction of T lymphocyte differentiation by thymic factors. PMID- 6977086 TI - Isolation of three separate anaphylatoxins from complement-activated human serum. AB - Recent methodologies used in preparing anaphylatoxins from complement-activated serum are described. Activation of the alternative pathway generates C3a and C5a; however, activation of the classical pathway is required to generate the anaphylatoxin from C4. This article describes an activation scheme that simultaneously generates all three of the anaphylatoxins (e.g., C3a, C4a and C5a) in human serum and outlines a procedure for isolating each as homogeneous products. Purification of intact anaphylatoxins directly from complement activated serum takes place only if an exopeptidase in serum, known as carboxypeptidase N (SCPN), is properly inhibited. A new series of mercapto derivatives of arginine analogs are introduced as potent and effective inhibitors of SCPN. These inhibitors permit normal complement activation but prevent degradation of the released activation fragments C3a, C4a or C5a. The SCPN inhibitor previously used was 6-aminohexanoic acid (EACA), but it required a 1 M concentration for effective inhibition, the substituted mercapto-guanido compounds prove to be effective in the mM range. PMID- 6977089 TI - Marijuana and health. PMID- 6977087 TI - Near-ultraviolet mutation of transforming DNA irradiated in vivo. AB - Our previous work has demonstrated that whereas near-UV radiation is not a mutagen for Haemophilus influenzae cells, it does induce mutations in purified transforming DNA. In order to test various hypotheses concerning this difference, we have irradiated cells at 334 and 365 nm, then lysed them and assayed the DNA for induced mutations and for inactivation of transforming ability. The inactivation was only a little lower than observed with highly purified transforming DNA. The DNA irradiated in vivo was mutated at both wavelengths, but with considerably lower efficiency than was purified DNA. Neither incubation of the cells after irradiation and before lysis nor freezing and thawing the cells significantly changed the amount of mutation. It is concluded that there is some protection of the DNA against premutational lesions by the in vivo environment, but that it is not enough to account for the total lack of mutation of the cells. A probable explanation of this lack of cell mutation is that lethal lesions in the cells are induced much more readily than premutational lesions. PMID- 6977088 TI - Treatment of ongoing experimental myasthenia gravis with short term high dose cyclophosphamide. AB - We have treated animals with an ongoing autoimmune disease, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), using a strategy designed to eliminate the antibody-producing cells. During well-established EAMG, a single high dose of cyclophosphamide was given because of its known effectiveness against B lymphocytes. To counteract the lethal effects of the drug, the rats were "rescued" by bone marrow cell transplantation. This treatment produced a rapid and sustained fall of antibody titers against both the immunizing antigen (Torpedo acetylcholine receptor) and the autoantigen (rat acetylcholine receptor). Immunologic memory, as measured by an anamnestic response to the antigen, was partially suppressed. Cyclophosphamide treatment produced improvement in the neuromuscular defect: treated animals had, on the average, twice as many acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions compared with untreated EAMG animals. This treatment method of short-term high doses of an immunosuppressive drug, such as cyclophosphamide, may eventually prove useful for human myasthenia gravis and other autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6977090 TI - Medically treated coronary-artery disease. PMID- 6977093 TI - Total exsanguination after refusal of blood transfusions. PMID- 6977094 TI - Defective T-cell response in beige mutant mice. PMID- 6977092 TI - Immunoregulation of malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6977091 TI - Association between Takayasu's arteritis and a B-cell alloantigen in North Americans. PMID- 6977096 TI - T cell function: Ly phenotype and the MHC. PMID- 6977095 TI - Lack of immune response gene control for induction of epitope-specific suppression by TGAL antigen. PMID- 6977097 TI - [Mass extracellular monosynaptic potential of synapses of a single axon in the optic thalamus of frogs upon electric stimulation of the retina]. AB - Mass extracellular monosynaptic PSP of one axon synapses ("EEG quantum") were reliable recorded in the frog thalamus as "all-or-none" potentials up to 250 muV at threshold electrical stimulation of the retina. The degree of facilitation of the second response was measured during paired-pulse stimulation. The ratio of the testing PSP amplitude to the conditioning one dependent on the signal amplitude. The ratio reached 250% at interstimulus interval of 5 ms with amplitude of conditioning PSP being about 50 muV. PMID- 6977098 TI - [Electrical activity of granule cells in the isolated frog cerebellum]. PMID- 6977099 TI - Impaired cell-mediated immunity in lipoid nephrosis. AB - Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was evaluated in 26 patients with lipoid nephrosis (LN), 50 patients suffering from chronic diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (CGN) without renal sufficiency and 24 healthy controls. The following parameters were measured: delayed hypersensitivity skin test responses to purified protein derivative (PPD) and candida, circulating lymphocytes. T lymphocytes and T lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (T gamma cells) or IgM (Tmu cells). Patients with LN in relapse had less mean induration of skin reactivity and a smaller proportion reacting to both antigens as compared with the control subjects. In contrast, the intensity of skin reactivity and the frequency of negative reactions in patients with LN in remission and CGN were similar to those of the control subjects. It was also found that the LN patients in relapse had a significant T lymphocytopenia as well as a significant decrease in absolute numbers of Tmu and T gamma cells, whereas the patients with LN in remission and CGN did not differ significantly from the control population. Thus, the majority of patients with LN in relapse demonstrated an impaired response in a CMI assay system. The disturbed CMI may be secondary to hypoproteinemia and other nutritional factors induced by the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6977100 TI - [T and B immune systems in hereditary extrapyramidal disorders]. AB - The per cent and absolute numbers of lymphocytes T and B were calculated in 37 patients with hereditary diseases of the nervous system (torsion dystonia, hepatolenticular degeneration, idiopathic tremor) and in 22 donors. Reactions of active and full spontaneous complement-induced formation of rosettes and B cell detection with surface immunoglobulin receptors were used for this purpose. In all hereditary diseases a reduction was found in the number of lymphocytes and a rise in the ability of the lymphocytes for complement-induced rosette formation. The obtained data should be evaluated, probably, as a secondary immunodeficiency state determined probably by metabolic disturbances playing an important role in the pathogenesis of hereditary nervous system diseases. PMID- 6977101 TI - [Combined study of the cerebrospinal fluid spaces by computer tomography and water-soluble contrast medium metrizamide-Amipaque. Amipaque computer myelographic cysternography]. PMID- 6977102 TI - Distribution and characterization of corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin in rat hypothalamic nuclei. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CFR) was bioassayed and arginine vasopressin (AVP) radioimmunoassayed from punched-out hypothalamic nuclei. The highest concentration of CFR was found in the median eminence (ME), followed by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus (SON), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and ventromedial nucleus (VMN). The AVP concentration was in the order of ME, SON, PVN, SCN, ARC, VMN and DMN. Sephadex G-25 gel filtration of the ME extracts showed one peak for AVP and two peaks for CRF. One CRF peak appeared on the void volume (big CRF) and the other (small CRF) was coeluted with AVP. Gel filtration of the PVN and SON extracts showed one peak for AVP but three or four peaks for CRF. The addition of anti-AVP serum (AVP-AS) to pituitary cell cultures reduced the CRF activities of AVP and ME extracts by approximately 80 and 40%, respectively. When the small CRF fraction of ME extracts was treated with AVP-AS on affinity chromatography, the unbound fraction (AVP-free) still showed significant CRF activity. Re-examination of CRF concentration using AVP-AS showed that it was still highest in ME, but was significantly higher in PVN than in SON, SCN and ARC. These results suggest that the PVN is an important nucleus for producing corticotropin-releasing hormone. PMID- 6977103 TI - Chronic cerebellar stimulation for cerebral palsy: a review. AB - Chronic cerebellar stimulation for cerebral palsy is a controversial procedure. It is difficult to evaluate objectively because cerebral palsy is not a single disease entity and the clinical syndrome may vary over time. Tests of neurophysiological function, signs of spasticity, and tests of motor function have documented changes, but double-blind evaluations have not. These studies are reviewed, as are the inherent problems in cerebellar stimulation and the physiology of cerebral palsy. PMID- 6977105 TI - [Alloantigens of subpopulations of T lymphocytes in uremic patients with chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6977104 TI - [Comparative study of 2 pregnancy-associated proteins]. PMID- 6977106 TI - [The study of T and B lymphocytes in primary glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6977107 TI - [Evaluation of immune reactivity in relation to the therapeutic and clinical response of the nephrotic syndrome in children]. PMID- 6977108 TI - Eyes: the effects of passing years. PMID- 6977109 TI - [Anatomo-clinical considerations on the cancerous transformation of oral leukoplakia]. PMID- 6977110 TI - [Examination of a new preparation for the topical application of fluoride for caries prevention. Scanning electron microscopy study]. PMID- 6977111 TI - [Periapical lesions: limits of endodontic therapy and indications for surgical treatment]. PMID- 6977112 TI - [Computerization in orthodontics]. PMID- 6977113 TI - [News on the antibiotic front]. PMID- 6977114 TI - [Modern periapical surgery: apicoectomy or curettage?]. PMID- 6977115 TI - [Follicular odontogenic cysts]. PMID- 6977116 TI - [Fundamental endodontic principles]. PMID- 6977117 TI - [Computerization in orthodontics]. PMID- 6977118 TI - [Analysis of a new toothpaste]. PMID- 6977119 TI - [Basic principles for the control of tooth sensitivity]. PMID- 6977121 TI - Radial keratotomy: preliminary report of complications. AB - We have observed the following complications with radial keratotomy which require further evaluation: missing the visual axis while marking the central cornea, regression of myopic flattening, epithelial defects, recurrent erosions, stromal overgrowth, Cogan's map-dot fingerprint corneal dystrophy with Moncreiff iron lines, blood in the incisions, vascular ingrowth, perforation of the anterior chamber, induction of astigmatic errors, epithelial ingrowth, glare complaints and decreased night vision, pain, fluctuating vision from morning to evening, overcorrection and unpredictable results, contact lens refitting difficulties, endothelial cell loss, and corneal scarring. We feel these complications require extensive further study before the relative safety and long-term efficacy of this experimental procedure may be determined. PMID- 6977120 TI - [Case report prosthetic rehabilitation using 6 endosseous plates]. PMID- 6977122 TI - Argon laser photocoagulation of a vitreo-corneal adhesion after trauma. PMID- 6977123 TI - [Relationship between ankylopoietic (Bechterew) spondylitis and HLA B 27 antigen]. PMID- 6977124 TI - [Therapy of urine incontinence by electro-stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - The most common cause of urine incontinence in childhood is a neurogenic disturbed micturition in cases of myelo-dysplasia. Of decisive significance for the diagnosis and choice of therapy are urodynamic examinations. A report is given on the effectiveness of the author's own examinations using transurethral electro-stimulation. PMID- 6977125 TI - Peripheral nerve stimulation in the management of dysmenorrhea. PMID- 6977126 TI - Immunological and histopathological reactions of the rat against the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta and the effects of anti-thymocyte serum. AB - Anti-thymocyte-serum (ATS) treated Wistar rats infected with 100 cysticercoids of the rat intestinal cestode Hymenolepis diminuta showed a delayed destrobilation and expulsion of the worms compared with saline-treated infected rats. This result strengthens previous evidence of an immunological nature of the destrobilation and expulsion in lumen-dwelling cestodes--even in their most susceptible hosts. The migration of the worms in the small intestine during the first 20 days of a primary 100-worm infection is described and the anterior migration of the destrobilated worms to the first 10% of the pylorus is emphasized and compared with similar migrations of the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the rat. No serum antibodies were detected using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and the indirect immunofluorescence test, although the thymus-independent areas of the mesenteric lymph nodes showed an increase in pyroninophilic cells. In the small intestine, no response to the tapeworm infection could be detected in pyroninophilic cells and globule leucocytes, but mast cell and eosinophilic cell numbers were increased in the saline-treated infected rats. Although the host responses to H. diminuta are shown to be thymus dependent, the possibility of thymus-independent activity in the host reactions cannot be ruled out. PMID- 6977127 TI - [The use of the Mongolian gerbil as a model for cerebrovascular involvement]. AB - Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones Unguiculatus) are characterized by frequent anomalies of the circle of Willis. Their cerebral vessels lack arterial communication between the cerebral and vertebral system and they present an experimental model for cerebral ischemia. Among drugs which interfere with biogenic amine turn over, only 5HTP (75 mg/kg) decreased significantly the mean "stroke index". Vincamine (50 mg/kg) had the same effect. PMID- 6977128 TI - Aches and limb pain. PMID- 6977129 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b in a nursery school: the value of biotyping. AB - Meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b biotype II occurred in a 2 year-old child who attended a nursery school along with 26 other 2-year-old children. Nasal swabs from these 26 contacts revealed a H influenzae type b colonization rate of 50% (13/26); simultaneously performed throat swabs detected a colonization rate of 4% (1/26). Biotyping of the H influenzae type b isolates revealed that only 46% (6/13) were the same biotype as the index case; the remaining seven isolates were biotype III. All children received treatment with 20 mg/kg/day of rifampin administered by the nursery school attendant as a single dose for four days before the results of the cultures were known. Eradication of H influenzae type b carriage was successful in three of the six biotype II carriers and five of the six biotype III carriers available for follow-up culture. It was concluded that: (1) the culture site utilized in determining H influenzae type b colonization rates may markedly influence the results obtained; (2) biotyping may be a valuable epidemiologic tool in investigating the contacts of patients with H influenzae type b disease, and (3) failures of rifampin to eradicate the carriage of H influenzae type b from the nasopharynx may occur. The prudent approach to the management of young contacts of patients with serious H influenzae type b disease is to recognize their high risk status and to maintain close surveillance of them. The role of chemoprophylaxis with rifampin remains to be established. PMID- 6977131 TI - [Incidence of emphysema predisposing factors (alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and increased activity of elastase-like esterase in granulocytes) in patients with allergic-infectious asthma]. PMID- 6977130 TI - [Late discovery of female pseudo-hermaphroditism by complete blockade 21 hydroxylase (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a case where complete blockade of 21-hydroxylase was discovered in a 40-year-old subject. They emphasize the usefulness of urinary 17 ketosteroid and 17-OH progesterone assays in the diagnosis of pseudo hermaphroditism. In contrast to major hyperandrogenism, the HY antigen test is negative, since the percentage of fluorescent lymphocytes is even lower than in the normal female population. PMID- 6977132 TI - [Epidemiology of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the light of observed cases]. PMID- 6977133 TI - The immotile cilia syndrome: explanation for many a clinical mystery. AB - With the advent of electron microscopy, ciliary abnormalities could be detected, analyzed, and correlated with clinical problems. Kartagener's syndrome, identified over 40 years ago as a triad of sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and situs inversus, was found to actually be a subset of a broader category of diseases: the immotile cilia syndrome. Two other subsets involving multiple organ systems have also been recognized. PMID- 6977134 TI - Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: current understanding of diagnostic tests and shunting. AB - Normal-pressure hydrocephalus is no longer difficult to diagnose or treat-cranial computed tomographic scanning has made the diagnosis of ventricular enlargement straightforward, and shunt placement often helps the patient whose condition can be traced to a specific cause. Predicting accurately whether a patient will benefit from a shunt, however, is still problematic. PMID- 6977135 TI - SLE syndrome, probably induced by labetalol. PMID- 6977136 TI - [Rheumatic Pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977137 TI - Evaluation of 25(OH)D loss in dialysate of children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6977139 TI - [Lymphocytes in alopecia areata]. PMID- 6977138 TI - Complement activation and C1q binding activity in haemodialysis. PMID- 6977140 TI - [Pathomorphology of selected infections in infants]. PMID- 6977141 TI - [The role of vegetative reactions in evaluation of the state of balance system in persons working in conditions of altitude (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977142 TI - [Computed tomography and scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977143 TI - [Ventriculography with a new water-soluble nonionic contrast medium - Iopamidol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977144 TI - [Benign course of paracoccidioidomycosis of possible cutaneous inoculation]. PMID- 6977145 TI - [Closing volume in normal subjects and smokers]. PMID- 6977146 TI - [Structural changes of the intestinal wall caused by segmental ischemia]. PMID- 6977147 TI - [Monazite - a new natural radioactive medication indicated in the treatment of rheumatism, dermatosis and other allergic diseases]. PMID- 6977148 TI - [Preparation of the color for surgery with neomycin and erythromycin]. PMID- 6977149 TI - [Treatment of progressive hemifacial atrophy by the microsurgical transference of a free dermofatty flap]. PMID- 6977150 TI - [Esophagojejunal derivation in advanced cardioesophageal cancer]. PMID- 6977151 TI - [Epidemiologic research and its medicosanitary importance]. PMID- 6977152 TI - [The value of urinary cytology in vesical carcinoma]. PMID- 6977153 TI - [Intestinal obstruction caused by ingestion of stones]. PMID- 6977156 TI - [Closure of a bronchial stump with a flap of homologous dura mater preserved in glycerin]. PMID- 6977154 TI - [Hepatitis B. Immunologic implications in the pathogenesis of its various clinical forms]. PMID- 6977157 TI - [Measures for the control of schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil]. PMID- 6977160 TI - [Inverted duodenum. Embryology, pathogenesis. Report of a case]. PMID- 6977161 TI - [Laryngotracheal sequelae following intubation]. PMID- 6977158 TI - [Intensive treatment of the shock state. Clinical determinants of its prognosis]. PMID- 6977155 TI - [An index for the study of orbital hypertelorism and telecanthus]. PMID- 6977159 TI - [Spontaneous biliobronchial fistula]. PMID- 6977163 TI - [Injection of morphine into the peridural space for the treatment of intractable pain]. PMID- 6977162 TI - [Effect of the ingestion of sugar fortified with vitamin A (50UI/g) in the prevention of vitamin A deficiency]. PMID- 6977164 TI - [Technical training of a surgeon]. PMID- 6977165 TI - [Cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation in Jehovah's Witnesses]. PMID- 6977166 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage caused by aortoduodenal fistula: apropos of a new case]. PMID- 6977167 TI - [Gastric lipoma: a new case]. PMID- 6977168 TI - [Pseudocyst of the pancreas. I. Suspected diagnosis and individualized diagnosis]. PMID- 6977169 TI - [Upper digestive hemorrhage in the elderly patient: differential features and prognostic factors]. PMID- 6977170 TI - Current status of clinical trials of m-AMSA, dihydroxyanthracenedione, and deoxycoformycin. AB - The current status of three drugs of clinical interest to the National Cancer Institute is reviewed. m-AMSA, a drug with a wide spectrum of activity in murine tumors, is now in phase II trial and has shown itself to have a high order of activity in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Dihydroxyanthracenedione, a compound with some of the characteristics of anthracyclines but with no cardiac toxicity in animal toxicology studies, is in phase I evaluation. Deoxycoformycin, an adenosine analog which is a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, has shown moderate activity in acute leukemia patients in phase I trials, and has the potential to produce synergistic antitumor toxicity when used with arabinofuranosyladenine. PMID- 6977171 TI - Three new agents for immunotherapy trials: azimexon, bestatin, and tuftsin. PMID- 6977172 TI - Emerging immunologic approaches to treatment of neoplastic diseases. AB - Recent research on the immunobiology of the tumor-host relationship has demonstrated that nonspecific cellular immune reactions, like natural killer cells and cytotoxic autoreactive cells, may be far more potent antineoplastic mechanisms than specific T lymphocyte cytotoxicity. The hybridoma technique, making it possible to raise monoclonal antibodies against predefined antigens, has rendered passive immunotherapy more attractive. It is suggested that the combination of nonspecific cellular immune reactions with monoclonal antibodies may be a highly efficient antineoplastic therapy for minimal residual disease. PMID- 6977173 TI - Anti-DNA antibodies by the Farr and the Crithidia luciliae assays and the clinical status of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6977174 TI - [Tumoral dermatopolymyositis]. PMID- 6977175 TI - [Urethro-prostatitis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis]. PMID- 6977176 TI - [New anticancer chemotherapy]. PMID- 6977177 TI - [Platelet aggregation inhibitors]. PMID- 6977178 TI - Getting your patient through a lower GI bleed. PMID- 6977179 TI - HLA restriction of dinitrophenyl-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. AB - Lymphocytes from dinitrochlorobenzene-sensitized individuals can be stimulated in vitro by autologous dinitrophenyl (DNP)-conjugated lymphocytes to produce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The activity of these CTLs is specific for DNP conjugated target cells, and there is no cross-reaction with nitrosodimethylaniline- or trinitrophenyl-conjugated target cell. Evidence is presented which makes it improbable that the cytotoxicity is caused by an antibody-dependent (ADCC-like) mechanism. Most of the DNP-specific cytotoxicity is restricted by the HLA-ABC antigens of th CTL donor, and there is only a low degree of lysis of DNP-conjugated allogeneic target cells not sharing HLA-ABC antigens with the donor. The CTLs did not lyle non-conjugated allogeneic target cells. When CTLs were tested against allogeneic DNP-conjugated targets sharing only one of the HLA-ABC antigens of the CLT donor, it was seen that the phenomenon of preferential restriction was pronounced; that is, only some of the antigens of the donor were restricting. A certain pattern has emerged: some antigens (e.g. A2) are good restricting antigens, some (e.g. B12) do not restrict, and some (e.g. B5) function well in one donor but not in another. The serologically cross-reacting antigens A2 and A28 did not restrict mutually. HLA-C antigens may in some donors function as restricting antigens. PMID- 6977180 TI - Human interleukin 2: production by both TG cells and other T cells. AB - We have investigated the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by human T cells after their stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). T cells isolated by rosetting with sheep erythrocytes produced high levels of IL-2. Further separation of rosette-forming cells, according to the expression of Fc receptors for IgG, showed that TG and non-TG cells are equally able to produce IL-2. The release of IL-2 by TG cells did not require DNA synthesis or functional Rc gamma receptors, since positively selected TH cells produced IL-2, even though they lacked lymphoproliferative responses to PHA and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6977181 TI - A cross-sectional medical and industrial hygiene survey of workers exposed to carbon disulfide. AB - In 1979, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a cross-sectional medical and industrial hygiene survey of workers exposed to carbon disulfide in the manufacture of rayon staple. The purpose of the study was to define dose-response relationships at levels near the existing United States standard of 20 ppm. The plant chosen has been historically well controlled, with levels between 10 and 30 ppm for most of its history. Medical tests were designed to examine effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems, on the cardiovascular system (including the retinal vessels), on carbohydrate, trace mineral, and lipid metabolism, on testicular function, and on thyroid function. This paper describes the plant, the exposed and reference populations, and the tests used to determine the health effects of carbon disulfide. The data are still being analyzed, but preliminary evidence suggests that carbon disulfide exposure at levels below the present standard of 20 ppm is associated with adverse effects. On the basis of the analysis completed to date the safety of the standard of 1 ppm recommended by NIOSH does not appear to be established. PMID- 6977182 TI - Epidemiologic design for field studies: occupational neurotoxicity. AB - Assessing the neurotoxicity effects of occupational exposures has become increasingly sophisticated in the past decade with the application of neurophysiological and neurobehavioral research techniques to occupational disease problems. With a good epidemiologic study design and the careful application of these techniques, occupational field studies of neurotoxic effects are possible. Three examples from recent health hazard evaluations of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) illustrate some of the problems in performing these studies and methods to overcome these problems. PMID- 6977183 TI - [Pulmonary biopsy in interstitial pneumopathies]. AB - 1119 pulmonary biopsies (two thirds open) have been performed in 108 patients with signs of diffuse interstitial disease of the lung. The results showed 29 cases of fibrosing alveolitis, 4 of granulomatous alveolitis, 8 of diffuse interstitial fibrosis, 12 of eosinophilic granuloma, 12 of pneumoconiosis, 16 of sarcoidosis, and 38 with other pulmonary lesions. Biopsy via thoracotomy is the best diagnostic technique, with a 97.4% yield; with transparietal biopsies the yield is 81% and with transbronchial biopsies 60%. Histology permits exact diagnosis in all pneumopathies except fibrosing alveolitis. In this case the pathologist guides the clinician's investigations towards a search for an allergic etiology. PMID- 6977184 TI - Psychophysical evidence for more than two kinds of cone in dichromatic color blindness. AB - Psychophysical evidence shows that at least some classically diagnosed dichromats have three cone types rather than two. The anomalous cones, previously thought to be absent, are less sensitive than normal cones to both spectral and temporal variations, and have spectral sensitivities like those of the abnormal cones of anomalous trichromats. These results are not consistent with either loss or replacement models of X-linked recessive color-vision defects, since some dichromats apparently have the same three photopigments as anomalous trichromats. PMID- 6977185 TI - [Role of anesthetist in the prevention of infection]. PMID- 6977186 TI - [Conception and organization of the operating room area]. PMID- 6977187 TI - [Hospital infections in surgery]. PMID- 6977189 TI - [Evaluation of the quality of nursing care in the case of surgical infections]. PMID- 6977188 TI - [Role of the health care personnel in the prevention of nosocomial infections]. PMID- 6977190 TI - [Integration of the Infection Control Committee in the accreditation and quality control program at the American Hospital in Paris]. PMID- 6977192 TI - Anticoagulant-induced hematomas of the small intestine. AB - Intramural hematomas of the small bowel, an uncommon complication of anticoagulant therapy, usually present with nausea, vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, and often gastrointestinal bleeding of some degree. The diagnosis can be suggested by history and by a plain abdominal x-ray film, but an upper GI series is the most reliable means of confirming the diagnosis. Treatment is nonoperative, with emphasis on correction of clotting abnormalities, and blood loss, continuous nasogastric decompression, parenteral alimentation, and hydration. PMID- 6977191 TI - [Operating rooms: distribution of tasks]. PMID- 6977193 TI - Mortality in three departments of Colombia: a preliminary assessment. PMID- 6977194 TI - [Relationship of renal histopathology to immunoglobulin classes and complement fixation of anti-native DNA antibodies and components of immune complexes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977195 TI - Trichomonas vaginalis infection of the median raphe of the penis. AB - A case of trichomonas vaginalis infection involving the median raphe of the penis is presented. The infection was contracted after sexual exposure. The patient had no urethral discharge but had a penile swelling tht discharged pus. Microscopic examination and culture of the discharge showed the presence of T. vaginalis. Treatment with metronidazole (250 mg thrice daly for seven days) eradicated the infection, but the swelling remained and a cyst was excised. One month after the surgical procedure, the patient was clinically normal and cured of the infection. PMID- 6977197 TI - Exulceratio simplex as conceivable cause of massive gastric hemorrhage. PMID- 6977196 TI - [Anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect of lysozyme chloride following direct pulpectomy and root canal filling]. PMID- 6977198 TI - [Current immunology]. PMID- 6977200 TI - Improved DR typing of cadaver donor by lymphocyte incubation. AB - Of 39 consecutive cadaver donors tested, DR antigens could not be detected in 17. Following 3 h incubation of the B lymphocytes at 37 degrees C, eight of the donors with no detectable DR antigens had two DR antigens and nine had one DR antigen. In addition, there were nine cases in which a potential cadaver donor had one antigen before incubation and two DR antigens following incubation. The simple technique of pre-incubating B lymphocytes before testing has helped considerably in prospectively typing cadaver donors for HLA-DR. PMID- 6977199 TI - Autopsy findings in an elderly man suffering from severe von Willebrand's disease. AB - A platelet derived growth factor released following platelet adhesion to the subendothelium of damaged arteries may promote the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Consequently patients with von Willebrand's disease in whom platelet adhesion is abnormal may be protected from atherosclerosis. This possibility was investigated by performing an autopsy study on an elderly patient who had suffered from severe von Willebrand's disease. Extensive atherosclerotic lesions were found at post mortem suggesting that platelets may not play a clinically significant role in the causation of atherosclerosis. PMID- 6977201 TI - Cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6977202 TI - Myoblasts are aligned with collagen fibrils in regenerating frog tadpole tails. AB - Myoblasts in the regenerating frog tadpole tail differentiate from mesenchymal cells that lie next to the basement membrane of the epidermis of the tail. As these cells elongate and form myotubes, they orientate uniformly in the longitudinal axis of the tail. The collagen fibrils of the basement membrane adjacent to the myogenic cells are also orientated in the tail axis just prior to and during the time when the myogenic cells are elongating. This has been demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy of thin sections, by differential interference contrast microscopy of isolated basement membranes, and by scanning electron microscopy of the inner surface of the basement membrane. Since elongating myoblasts are in contact with the longitudinally orientated fibrils, the latter could provide directional cues to the elongating myoblasts. This proposition is supported by the finding that isolated basement membranes readily orientate cells that are cultured upon their inner surfaces. PMID- 6977203 TI - Acute toluene poisoning. Electroneurophysiological and vestibular investigations. AB - Neurophysiological studies were carried out in six female workers of an electromechanical works after accidental exposure to toluene vapours. Electroencephalographic abnormalities and vestibular hyporeflexia were detected immediately after the accident. Six months later the EEG changes were still present, while vestibular findings were found to be markedly improved. Results of this study provide further evidence of the diagnostic value of vestibular investigations after toxic exposure to toluene. PMID- 6977205 TI - In vitro evaluation of cadmium-induced augmentation of the antibody response. PMID- 6977206 TI - Electrophysiological studies on a protein fraction (K') from Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) venom. PMID- 6977204 TI - Mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes exposed to lead. PMID- 6977207 TI - Enhancement by TP-1, a thymic extract, of pokeweed mitogen-induced differentiation of B cells from normal subjects but not of those from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We studied the ability of TP-1, a calf thymic extract, to influence in vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced plasma cell generation and blastogenesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors and from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In normal subjects, TP-1 significantly increased plasma cell generation, but did not affect the mitogenic response to PWM. On the contrary, differentiation of B cells from SLE patients was not enhanced by this extract. The action on the differentiation of normal B cells could either be due to a direct effect on B cells or be mediated by activation of helper T cells. PMID- 6977208 TI - T mu- and T gamma-cell subsets in normal and leukemic cattle. AB - T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs of normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cattle were studied. Purified T lymphocytes were examined for the numbers of cells with the receptors for IgM (T mu) and IgG (T gamma). The expression of surface receptors on T mu- and T gamma-cell subsets was determined according to their capacity to bind different numbers of erythrocyte antibody complexes EAM or EAG. During the various times of preincubation of T cells at 37 degrees C, an increased release of receptors on the surface of T mu and partly T gamma cells was observed. For the optimal detection of bovine T mu cells, preincubation at 4 degrees C fro 24 h was necessary. The number of T gamma cells in the peripheral blood (P less than 0.001) and spleen (P less than 0.001) of CLL cattle was higher in comparison with controls. A considerably reduced number of T mu cells in the peripheral blood (P less than 0.001) and lymph nodes (P less than 0.02) of CLL cattle was observed. With the exception of thymus, T gamma cells from the lymphoid organs of CLL cattle had a higher expression of receptors than normal T gamma cells. PMID- 6977209 TI - Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of enteric fever in the Sudan. AB - Patients with enteric fever confirmed by isolation of Salmonella species from blood culture, were treated with the combination of trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole). All 133 patients responded well to treatment. The mean defervescence was 2.74 days. No serious side effects were noticed and relapses occurred in the patients during the period of follow up. PMID- 6977210 TI - Kinetics of lymphocyte subpopulations and their functions in cases of amoebic liver abscess. AB - This study shows the relationship between lymphocyte subpopulations and their response to non-specific stimulant phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and specific stimulant (amoebic antigen) in cases of amoebic liver abscess in relation to the duration of disease, based on the first appearance of symptoms and/or signs, 26 patients with amoebic liver abscess and 20 normal, healthy controls were studied. Five of the patients gave a history of alcohol intake for the last 10 to 15 years. Eight had a solitary abscess and five had multiple abscesses, as seen on liver scan. No change in the B cell count was noticed in any of the patients. Depression of the T cell number and function was noticed from two weeks onwards. A history of alcohol intake made no difference. Cases with multiple liver abscesses were more immunologically depressed than were those with a solitary abscess. PMID- 6977211 TI - In vitro differentiation of human marrow T cell precursors by thymic factors in severe combined immunodeficiency. AB - Marrow cells from 16 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency diseases (SCID) were examined for the presence of T cell precursors which could be induced to express surface markers and functions of T lymphocytes after exposure in vitro to thymic extracts or peptides of thymic origin (thymopoietin and thymopoietin32 36 (TP-5). Marrow cells from 14 patients studied before transplantation revealed three patterns of response. In five patients, inducible T cell precursors were not detected. In six patients, precursors were detected which could be induced to express a human T lymphocyte antigen (HTLA) but acquired little or no ability to rosette with sheep erythrocytes (SRBCs). Induction of HTLA-positive and E rosette positive lymphocytes was normal in only two patients, both of whom were engrafted with maternal lymphocytes as an apparent result of an intrauterine infusion. Induction of mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) responses following exposure to thymic hormones was also observed in one of these two patients. In no case could significant responses to mitogens be elicited. Following transplantation, marrow cells from fully engrafted, immunologically reconstituted patients could be induced to bear HTLA, to form E rosettes, and to respond to mitogens and allogeneic cells following exposure to thymic extracts, thymopoietin, or TP-5. Thus, most patients with SCID manifest differentiative abnormalities intrinsic to lymphoid precursors which are corrected following engraftment of functioning allogeneic lymphoid precursors from normal donors. PMID- 6977212 TI - The absolute level of IgG Fc and C3 receptor-positive T, B, and null leukocytes within various lymphoid compartments during acute graft-versus-host disease in the adult rat. PMID- 6977213 TI - The in vivo cytotoxic T cell response to alloantigen requires a Lyt-1+ helper T lymphocyte. AB - Previous evidence has shown that Lyt-1+ helper T cells are required for an in vitro cytotoxic T cell response. We now present evidence which demonstrates an in vivo requirement for Lyt-1+ helper T cells in the activation of a killer T cell response. An adoptive transfer system was designed in which alloantigen-primed parental helper cells were transferred to an F1 recipient. After 1 day, this recipient of primed helper cells was lethally irradiated and normal responder spleen cells syngeneic to the primed helper cells were injected into the F1 recipient. In these experiments the semiallogeneic cells of the irradiated F1 mouse serve as the source of stimulator cells. When responder cells and irradiated helper cells were both present in the F1 mouse, good cytotoxic T cell responses were obtained. When either responders alone or helpers alone were examined, cytotoxic T cell responses were much lower. The presence in vivo of suppressor cells which inhibit cytotoxic T cell responses made it necessary to culture spleen cells from these irradiated recipients for short periods in vitro to reveal the cytotoxic T cells which had been generated in vivo. Cell collaboration was shown to occur before this in vitro culture period commenced; the generation of cytotoxicity required that helper cells and killer cell precursors interact in vivo. Treatment of the primed helper cells with anti-Thy-1 serum plus complement or anti-Lyt-1+ serum and complement removed helper cell activity. This indicates that the primed helper cell in in vivo collaboration is a Lyt-1+ T lymphocyte. PMID- 6977215 TI - Placental and embryo cells can induce the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 6977214 TI - Display of the neutral glycolipid ganglio-n-tetraosylceramide (asialo GM1) on cells of the natural killer and T lineages. AB - Analysis was made of the display of the neutral glycolipid asialo GM1 on cells involved in the differentiation and expression of natural killer (NK) and T cell mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Removal of asialo GM1-bearing cells from CBA spleens, by treatment with a specific rabbit antibody in the presence of complement, led not only to the abrogation of NK cell activity but also to the lack of responsiveness of such populations to polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and to interferon, indicating that both NK cells and interferon responsive cells of the NK cell lineage bear asialo GM1. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) induced by mixed lymphocyte culture in vitro were unaffected by treatment with antiasialo GM1 serum in the presence of complement, but normal spleen cells subjected to this treatment failed to mount CTL responses to alloantigen, even in the presence of an exogenous source of Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Furthermore, spleen cell populations depleted of asialo GM1-bearing cells showed a decreased ability to produce IL-2 in response to mitogenic stimulation. PMID- 6977216 TI - Why the MHC is important to the immune system. PMID- 6977217 TI - Immunogenetic aspects of the relationship between HLA-DR and the MB and MT system. PMID- 6977218 TI - Clonal analysis of H-2 antigen expression by variants of a chemically induced murine tumor. PMID- 6977219 TI - The role of IA in G-cell activation. PMID- 6977222 TI - T-cell growth factor (interleukin 2) control of T-lymphocyte proliferation: possible involvement in leukemogenesis. PMID- 6977221 TI - Existence of T lymphocytes manifesting self-reactivity indistinguishable from alloreactivity: implications for self-recognition and MHC polymorphism. PMID- 6977220 TI - Factors influencing the vaccinia-specific cytotoxic response of thymocytes from normal and chimeric mice. AB - Following adoptive transfer into irradiated recipients, thymocytes can be induced to respond strongly to vaccinia virus. High levels of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity may be generated from thymus, but not from spleen, of 3-day-old mice. The capacity of thymocytes to differentiate into effector CTL tends to be lost with age. Some of this loss may reflect positive suppression: a single, low dose of cyclophosphamide allows the reemergence of responsiveness in at least one mouse strain. Thymocytes from [A leads to (A x B)F1] and [(A x B)F1 leads to A] chimeras show the response patterns that would by predicted from previous studies of lymph node and spleen cells. However, thymic function seems to be rapidly lost in the [A leads to (A x B)F1] Chimeras. PMID- 6977223 TI - Recognition of HLA and minor alloantigens on human target cells by allostimulated cytotoxic effectors in vitro. PMID- 6977225 TI - Alien histocompatibility antigens and alloimmunization: conceptual and practical considerations. PMID- 6977226 TI - The heterogeneity of antigen DRw8. PMID- 6977224 TI - Mechanism of the local antitumor action of inflammation. AB - Some but not all tumor cells are killed in the environment of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DHSR) induced by antigens unrelated to the tumor. Of the several cytotoxic components, cellular and humoral, which are present at the site of a DHSR, a lymphokine released by the interaction of specific antigen with immune T cells-presumptively lymphotoxin-was shown to be responsible for the antitumor action of DHSR. The same mechanism may account for the failure of some tumor cells to grow when inoculated in admixture with BCG. PMID- 6977227 TI - Blood glucose control by closed loop insulin delivery during coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6977228 TI - Clinical applications of macromolecular separations. PMID- 6977229 TI - LVAD mineralization and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing proteins in normal and pathologically mineralized tissues. PMID- 6977231 TI - [Treatment of gastric hemorrhage in the Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. AB - The authors have analyzed 25 observations of patients with the Mallory-Weiss syndrome which made up 3,04% of all the patients with gastroduodenal bleedings. The authors emphasize the role of the endoscopic method for examining the patients to diagnose this pathology. The most rational method is believed to be the conservative treatment. When it fails the surgery should be organ-preserving. Twenty four patients were treated conservatively, one patient was subjected to gastrotomy and suturing of the mucosa fissure. All the patients recovered. PMID- 6977232 TI - The immune system: a practitioner's overview. PMID- 6977233 TI - Normal and color defective perception of Fechner-Benham colors: implications for color vision theory. PMID- 6977230 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on patient hemodynamics and respiration in blood loss as a consequence of gastroduodenal hemorrhages]. AB - Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) was used in the complex of treatment of 52 patients who had blood loss due to gastroduodenal hemorrhage. Barocameras were used with the maximum pressure of 1.6--2.0 atm for 40 min. 6--10 sessions for a course. The sessions of HBO while reducing hypoxia could eliminate the compensatory hyperfunction of the myocardium and decrease the extra-load on the heart. The external ventilation function was not substantially influenced by the sessions of HBO. PMID- 6977234 TI - [Vestibular lesions in herpes zoster oticus]. PMID- 6977235 TI - [Frequency of Gm allotypes and anti-Gm antibodies in the families of rheumatoid arthritis patients]. PMID- 6977236 TI - [Completion of tasks in the field of rheumatology as planned for the year 1980]. PMID- 6977237 TI - [Rehabilitation of rheumatology patients: basic research tasks and principles]. PMID- 6977239 TI - [Carbohydrate, vitamin C and B1 metabolic indices in rheumatism]. PMID- 6977241 TI - [Immunological data in the clinical evaluation of Hodgkin's diseases]. AB - 87 adult patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease were examined to analyse the pattern of immune alterations with regard to the clinical stage and course of disease, and the response to treatment. Patients with advanced stages of the disease or with radio- or chemotherapeutically induced remission showed a decrease in total lymphocyte counts and a diminished count of T-lymphocytes. The lymphocyte transformation and the reactions in skin tests with DNCB and microbial antigens were the more disturbed the more the disease was advanced. Below a critical number of circulating T-lymphocytes measuring 500 cells per mm3 of peripheral blood an inhibition of T-cell function has been found. The authors conclude that a positive correlation between an undisturbed immune status and a good prognosis in Hodgkin's disease is highly probable. PMID- 6977240 TI - Evaluation of surgical treatment for esophageal varices. PMID- 6977238 TI - [Clinical significance of the electrolyte barrier and the regenerative capacity of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 6977242 TI - [Coronary bypass]. PMID- 6977243 TI - [Diagnosis electrostimulation for determining indications in electrotherapy of the heart]. PMID- 6977244 TI - [Therapeutic electrostimulation]. PMID- 6977246 TI - [Coronary insufficiency: non-invasive]. PMID- 6977245 TI - [Surgical aspects of coronary heart disease]. PMID- 6977248 TI - [Experimental study of the pathogenicity of anaerobic Streptococci (Peptostreptococci)]. PMID- 6977247 TI - Factors involved in the antibiotic treatment of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections. AB - Fourty-four patients whose staphylococcal shunt infections were treated with antibiotics alone are reviewed retrospectively. Successful eradication of infection was achieved in 4 out of 7 patients who received intrathecal gentamicin and oral cotrimoxazole for ventriculoatrial shunt infections due to Staphylococcus albus, and in two of four patients with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt infections due to this organism who received cotrimoxazole alone, though one of these later required surgery for cystic blockage. No successes were recorded with other drugs, notably cloxacillin, and no infections due to Staphylococcus aureus were eradicated. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed with a view to developing guidelines for a prospective trial. PMID- 6977249 TI - [Use of p-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA) for the preservation of human leukocyte concentrates]. PMID- 6977251 TI - Presidential address. Electron microscopical study on cytoplasmic immunoglobulin of B cell lymphoma. PMID- 6977252 TI - Effect of various androgens on hematopoiesis. III. Effect of androgens on granulopoiesis. PMID- 6977253 TI - Effect of a streptococcal preparation, OK-432, on murine hematopoietic stem cells. PMID- 6977250 TI - [Acute necrotic hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Major complications (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-four cases of acute necrotic haemorrhagic pancreatitis are studied. Fourteen cases were treated medically by peritoneal dialysis, 20 were treated surgically of which 16 had been medically treated by peritoneal dialysis. Fifteen died or 34%. Forty-one patients, 93.1% presented 8 major complications on admission and 2 complications were observed during the course of medical treatment (pulmonary shock and high digestive haemorrhage). The post surgical complications are excluded from this study. We report in order of frequency; effusion of the large peritoneal cavity (37 cases : 84%), hypocalcaemia less than or equal to 8 mg% (21 cases : 47.7%), renal insufficiency defined by a creatinaemia greater than or equal 2 mg% (17 cases : 38.6%), state of shock (13 cases : 29.5%), severe neurological disorders (11 cases : 25%), peritoneal haemorrhage (3 cases : 4.5%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (1 case : 2.2%), acute rabdomyolysis (1 case : 2.2%). Certain cases are particularly derogatory : pulmonary shock : 2 cases -- 2 deaths (100%); hypocalcaemia less than or equal to 7 mg/ : 6 cases -- 5 deaths (83.3%); acute tubular necrosis : 8 cases -- 6 deaths (75%); hypocalcaemia less than or equal 8 mg% : 21 cases -- 12 deaths (57.1%); high digestive haemorrhage : 3 cases -- 1 death (33.3%); amber known brown peritoneal effusion : 27 cases -- 12 deaths (44.4%); shock : 13 cases -- 5 deaths (38.5%). When in the same patients, less than 3 complications were present, the mortality rate was 20.8%. If more than 3 signs were observed the mortality rate rose to 53.3%. Except for pulmonary shock, six major complications were needed to give 100% mortality rate. PMID- 6977254 TI - [Granulocytic progenitor cells (CFU-c) and colony stimulating factor-producing cells in human cord blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977257 TI - The inhibitory actions of eserine and ouabain on the K, Rb and Cs uptake in slow and fast twitch muscles of the rat. AB - Comparative, in vitro studies were carried out on the 42K, 86Rb, and 131Cs uptake in fast twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL), slow twitch soleus (SOL) muscles of the rat, and in fast muscle (sartorius) of the frog. The inhibitory action of ouabain (10(-4) M) and eserine (10(-3) M) on the influxes of alkali cations was investigated. The rate of potassium influx in isolated EDL muscles was higher than that of SOL, while no difference could be found in 86Rb or 131Cs influx in the two types of mammalian muscles under in vitro condition. Ouabain inhibited to about the same extent the influx of K (25%) of both types of mammalian muscles and also in fast amphibian muscle. On the other hand, the eserine sensitive component of 42K influx in fast twitch mammalian muscle (EDL) was about one fourth of the total influx and even less in slow twitch mammalian muscle (SOL), while in frog muscle it amounted to about two-third of the total. The "residual" potassium influx, which represents the influx remaining after simultaneous treatment of the muscles with cardiac glycoside and eserine was about half of the total in EDL and SOL, but it was only a fraction of it in the frog sartorius muscle. The results may be explained on the basis of the morphological differences of the transverse tubular and sarcoplasmic reticulum systems of fast and slow mammalian muscles. PMID- 6977256 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma of the B-cell type in the CSF. Light- and electronmicroscopic study of the malignant cells and unusual macrophages. AB - In a patient with systemic and nervous system IBS, the CSF cells were investigated by light and electron microscopy. An IBS of the B-cell type was identified in the CSF which proved, at both morphological levels, to be identical to that recorded in IBS in lymphoid tissue with regard to the malignant cell types and the absence of surface specialization. In contrast, unusual macrophages were observed in the CSF instead of the reticular elements associated with IBS in lymph nodes which present desmosomes. They demonstrated both phagocytosis and emperipolesis and also displayed autodesmosomes. The CSF phagocytes are discussed in relationship with the phagocytes described in the brain with malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6977255 TI - [Human lymphocyte surface antigens. Part 1. Production and characterization of heteroantisera against cell lines derived from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and adult T-cell leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977259 TI - [Low frequency rhythmic electric stimulation of muscles distant from the bladder in the therapy of urinary bladder dysfunction of "central" origin]. PMID- 6977258 TI - Extrajunctional spread of acetylcholine depolarization on frog skeletal muscle membrane. AB - 1. The extrajunctional spread of end-plate depolarization induced by acetyl) choline (ACh) applied in the bathing solution was studied on frog (Rana esculenta skeletal muscle fibers. 2. The characteristics of this spread were determined on sartorius muscles mounted in a chamber where the end-plate free pelvic part was separated by a rubber membrane from the end-plate containing tibial one. There was no change in membrane potential if ACh was applied selectively on the pelvic part, even at a concentration of 10 mmol/l. However, on applying 1 mmol/l ACh on the tibial part, depolarization spreading over to the pelvic part was observed. 3. The peak values of ACh depolarization were not modified by tetrodotoxin (TTX) at a concentration of 32 nmol/l, whereas it was decreased by 35% in the presence of 3.1 mumol/l TTX. 4. ACh depolarization measured on the extrajunctional membrane in the presence of TTX is the result of the electronic spread of end plate depolarization. The length constant of this spread was about the same as the length constant determined by square pulse analysis. 5. When the generation and propagation of action potentials accompanying ACh depolarization were not blocked either by TTX or Na-free Ringer solution, the depolarization values observed on the pelvic part were slightly higher than what could have been expected on the basis of electrotonic behaviour. 6. The above results imply the absence of ACh receptors from the extrajunctional membrane of twitch fibres. Deviations from the electrotonic spread are due to the action potentials accompanying ACh depolarization. PMID- 6977260 TI - Epidemiology. PMID- 6977262 TI - Ischemic heart disease and psychological patterns. Prevalence and incidence studies in Belgium and France. French-Belgian Collaborative Group. PMID- 6977261 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in Weber-Christian panniculitis]. PMID- 6977263 TI - Job, psychological factors and coronary heart disease. Swedish prospective findings and US prevalence findings using a new occupational inference method. PMID- 6977264 TI - Cellular immunity in the mammary gland with particular reference to T, B lymphocytes and macrophages. AB - Initial steps were carried out in the identification of T and B-cells in milk of sheep at all stages of lactation and some studies were made in the interactions of these cells with mammary macrophages with in vitro assays for cellular immunity. It was found that the predominant mononuclear cell in mammary secretion was the macrophage but lymphocytes were also found at relatively constant levels throughout the lactational cycle. T-cells were identified (E-rosettes) but their percentage fluctuated within wide limits (0-80%). There was no discernible trend associated with stage of lactation. B-cells also fluctuated widely but it was evident that contaminating monocytes reduced the accuracy of the count. A functional characteristic of macrophages, the enhancement of lymphocyte mitogenesis, appeared to operate with macrophages from the mammary gland. Furthermore, mammary macrophages were shown to have potentially microbicidal super oxide which was demonstrable in a chemiluminescence assay. PMID- 6977268 TI - Differential effects of light and dark adaptations on function and metabolism of retinal taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). PMID- 6977266 TI - Ontogeny of the gut-associated immune system. PMID- 6977267 TI - Elevated blood taurine levels after myocardial infarction of cardiovascular surgery: is there any significance? PMID- 6977265 TI - The role of cell-mediated immunity in infectious diseases of cattle? PMID- 6977269 TI - Ischemic heart disease in systemic lupus erythematosus in the young patient: report of six cases. AB - To clarify the clinical spectrum of coronary arterial abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus, the data were reviewed on six patients who had a diagnosis of lupus at ages 15 to 29 years and who had ischemic heart disease before age 35. Two patients had coronary arteritis diagnosed on postmortem examination. In a third patient alterations in coronary arterial anatomy occurred with angiographic improvement temporally related to the initiation of steroid therapy. The other three patients had severe diffuse atherosclerotic coronary disease that was identified in two at postmortem examination. In the third patient the course of the disease strongly suggested coronary atherosclerosis, and eventually coronary bypass grafting was performed for relief of angina. In summary, clinically important extramural coronary arteritis and atherosclerosis both occur, although rarely, in young patients with lupus. Coronary artery disease may occur with or without coexisting active extracardiac lupus manifestations. Short-term steroid therapy and follow-up angiography for those with angina and in whom coronary arteritis is suspected warrant consideration. When stable coronary arterial anatomy is demonstrated on follow-up angiography, management is determined by the patient's symptoms irrespective of the prior history of lupus and, if indicated, cardiac surgery for symptomatic relief can be safely performed. PMID- 6977270 TI - Fenoprofen nephropathy: lipoid nephrosis and interstitial nephritis. A possible T lymphocyte disorder. AB - Five patients are presented, each of whom had an acute idiosyncratic reaction to fenoprofen calcium (Nalfon) characterized by acute renal failure and marked proteinuria. Renal pathology was similar in all patients. Light microscopy revealed marked lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates and normal glomeruli. Immunofluorescent staining was minimal or absent. Electron microscopy showed fusion of podocytes in otherwise normal glomeruli. Two patients were studied using T-cell and B-cell specific fluorescent staining, which revealed that the interstitial infiltrates were composed exclusively of T-lymphocytes. This finding is considered in relation to prior experimental and theoretic work. It is suggested that the various clinical and pathologic findings in fenoprofen nephropathy are all manifestations of a disordered cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6977271 TI - Q fever endocarditis. AB - Despite a worldwide distribution of Coxiella burnetii, only single cases of Q fever endocarditis have been reported outside Great Britain and Australia. We present 10 patients; five were female, only four had a history of environmental exposure, and the mitral valve was involved as commonly as the aortic stenosis, and three patients had a prosthetic valve. We confirm the importance of hepatic involvement, thrombocytopenia and hypergammaglobulinemia as diagnostic features. Diagnosis was established by finding and elevated complement-fixing antibody to Phase I C. burnetii antigen. Tetracycline, with or without lincomycin or cotrimoxazole, was used in nine patients, and one patient received cotrimoxazole as as the sole antibiotic agent. Optimal duration of therapy is unknown. In one patient, relapse followed when treatment was stopped after 18 months. Valve replacement was necessary in five patients, because of hemodynamic problems. Five patients died, and the means survival is 36 months with a range of five to 66 months. We suggest that Q fever endocarditis is frequently missed, and we recommend clinicians to consider the diagnosis in all cases of culture-negative endocarditis. PMID- 6977272 TI - Vestibular stimulation effect on language development in mentally retarded children. PMID- 6977273 TI - Mucociliary frequency of frog palate epithelium. AB - The depleted frog palate epithelium is extensively used as a model for studying the transport velocity of mucus. It is speculated that the epithelium can be depleted of endogenous gel mucus without affecting the ciliary frequency, provided the sol phase where the cilia beat remains present. To control the stability of the ciliary frequency during the measurement of mucous transport velocity, we have used a photoelectric method for measuring mucociliary frequency and have carried out experiments in excised frog palates in different areas and at successive stages of depletion. From the distribution function of the mucociliary frequency obtained by the fast Fourier transform analysis, we have calculated the mean frequency (Fm) and the dispersion of the spectrum defined as spectrum width (Sw). Fm and Sw are similar in different areas throughout the zone selected for mucous transport velocity measurements. A significant decrease in Fm (21%) and parallel increase in Sw (22.8%) are observed at the stage of depletion, but the values return to normal when a drop of frog's mucus is added. These results suggest that the depleted frog palate is a good model for studying the in vitro transport rate of mucus and investigating the effects of mucus on ciliary frequency. PMID- 6977275 TI - Prevalence of spontaneous oral dyskinesia in the elderly. PMID- 6977274 TI - Gut immunophysiology: a gastroenterologist's view with emphasis on pathophysiology. AB - This review is a brief survey of our knowledge of the immune functions of the gastrointestinal tract. The mucosal immunologic system is present at all epithelial surfaces that are in direct contact with the external environment, is largely independent of the systemic immune response, and is governed by antigenic stimuli at epithelial surfaces. The plasma cell population responsive to these antigens is found just below the epithelium, and the antibodies produced are transported to the epithelial surface by a unique process. Finally, the antibodies secreted are able to function even in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. Brief reviews of immunophysiology and immunomorphology of the gastrointestinal immune system are enclosed. The immune response of the gut is discussed in relation to immune regulation by helper and suppressor systems. Even though secretory immunity may be considered "old hat," several new aspects of this system are emphasized along with an overview of the system. The clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of the two major adult immunodeficiency syndromes are reviewed in order to emphasize normal immunophysiology. There is a brief discussion of food allergy. Future directions that may be appropriate for research in both systemic and mucosal immunology are discussed in the final section. PMID- 6977276 TI - 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose as a tracer in the positron emission tomographic study of senile dementia. PMID- 6977277 TI - [Radiologic study of the vestibular aqueduct in endolymphatic hydrops]. PMID- 6977278 TI - [Repercussions of the pathology of the central nervous system on the oculomotor system]. PMID- 6977279 TI - Third ventricle suprachoroidal cells. AB - Using transmission electron microscopy two types of cells on the choroid plexus of the third ventricle of the frog Rana esculenta have been located. They lie on the microvilli and cilia of the choroid epithelium. Their free surface is in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid. One type, Kolmer-like, has large, dense bodies in its cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of the other type is completely filled by large, ovoidal structures which have a limiting membrane and a polymorphic filamentous content. Their functional significance is unknown. PMID- 6977280 TI - Ultrastructural changes during stimulation of amphibian oxyntic cells viewed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. AB - Amphibian oxyntic cells exposed by cryofracture were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Comparisons were made between the structure thus revealed and those seen in thin-sectioned material from the same mucosas examined by transmission electron microscopy. Resting oxyntic cells had apical surfaces which were relatively smooth with some short microvilli. Apical cytoplasm was filled with smooth membrane tubules (so-called vesicotubules). Stimulation with a combination of histamine, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and isobutylmethylxanthine (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) led to a dramatic elaboration (i.e., increased membrane surface area) and a decrease in number of vesicotubules in the apical cytoplasm. The surface morphology of the stimulated oxyntic cell was much different from that reported for the mammalian parietal cell. Two types of surface elaboration were observed. Most commonly the surface was formed of flattened microplicae or lingulae. An irregular surface formed by the swelling of enlarged spaces near the apical surface was also observed. These new data have been used to evaluate the models which have been proposed to explain the nature of the transition from resting to stimulated morphology. A new model, which incorporates fusion of intracellular vesicotubules with each other and also with apical membrane, is proposed. The proposed fusion process may cause an increase in membrane area open to the extracellular (luminal)solution within the cell (rather than the eversion of membranes into the gastric lumen). Expansion of spaces between the microplicae may be caused by hydroosmotic pressures developed during active HCI secretion. PMID- 6977281 TI - [Treatment of postsympathectomy lumbar pain by subcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation]. PMID- 6977282 TI - Late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency mimicking idiopathic hirsutism or polycystic ovarian disease. AB - The importance of late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia as a cause of hirsutism is controversial. Two of 35 women with a chief complaint of hirsutism met the criteria of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. In one, who presented with hirsutism, oligomenorrhea, obesity, infertility, and enlarged cystic ovaries, the initial diagnosis was polycystic ovarian syndrome. Family data showed that her disorder was autosomal recessive and linked to the histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA), as in the classic form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Carriers were thus detectable by HLA typing. Thus late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia appears to be an allelic variant of congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia with a milder enzymatic defect. The diagnosis cannot be made clinically because the disease has the same presentation as idiopathic hirsutism or polycystic ovarian disease. Basal plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, unlike in classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, can be normal, and an ACTH stimulation test or sequential measurements of plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone throughout the day may be needed to show the abnormality. The incidence among hirsute women is estimated to be 6% to 12%, and the calculated gene frequency for the allele coding for attenuated expression of 21-hydroxylase deficiency is 0.015 to 0.057. PMID- 6977283 TI - Non-utility of the HLA-B27 test. PMID- 6977284 TI - [Severe digestive hemorrhage. Place and results of arterial embolization (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977285 TI - [Surgical treatment of Prinzmetal variant angina. Coronary artery bypass and plexectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977286 TI - [Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Surgical correction in an adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977287 TI - [Effects of trichlorethylene and its metabolites on the rate of sister-chromatid exchange. In vivo and in vitro study on the human lymphocytes. (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977288 TI - [Implications for genetic counselling in regard to sex chromosome aneuploidies diagnosed by amniocentesis (author's transl)]. AB - It is in the detection of chromosomal aneuploidies that amniocentesis currently renders the greatest service. However, when an anomaly of the fetal sex chromosomes is found, the decision of what attitude to hold in counselling the parents poses a real dilemma, due to the importance of phenotypic variation notably of intelligence and behavior-in individuals with sex chromosome disorders. It is in such situations that the need for information furnished by prospective studies is particularly evident. Prenatal diagnosis of four cases of sex chromosomal polysomy, detected in the course of approximately 600 amniocenteses, is presented, as are the criteria which may guide the parents in their decision to continue or to terminate a pregnancy so affected. PMID- 6977289 TI - The 4p-syndrome in a 24-year-old female. PMID- 6977290 TI - Another case of Marden-Walker syndrome. PMID- 6977291 TI - 46, X, del (X) (p21) in a 14-year-old female with Turner signs, one streak and one normal ovary. PMID- 6977292 TI - [Two trisomies 13 in a sibship with normal parents' karyotypes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977293 TI - Interstitial 16q deletion with typical dysmorphic syndrome. PMID- 6977294 TI - Chromosome banding after treatment of living cells in vitro with vitamins from group B. PMID- 6977295 TI - [The karyotypes of Colobus vellersus and of C. palliatus: comparison with Cercopithecidae and man]. AB - The karyotypes of two species of African Colobidae, Colobus vellerosus and C. palliatus, as well that of their hybrid, are described and compared. The two species differ by four pericentric inversions, indicating species divergence a relatively long time ago. Chromosome banding analogies with Papioninae, Cercopithecinae, and man are described. A common origin for Papioninae, Cercopithecinae, and Colobidae is indisputable; but, there are no arguments for considering that a close relationship exists between Colobidae and Hylobatidae as suggested by some authors. PMID- 6977296 TI - [Formalisation parental genotype recognition for the computation of probability of paternity (author's transl)]. AB - Advances in biological identification of an individual based on blood markers polymorphism make available the attribution of paternity of a given child to an alleged father. Using Bayes' formula on these data requires previous calculation of conditional probabilities of the child's phenotype under either hypothesis of true paternity and non-paternity of the man. However, exact formulation of those is obtained only by introducing into the both parents-child link. The necessity of the successive use of Bayes' formula in each step for exact calculation of parental genotype weights is proved. The resulting process allows computer identification of possible genotypes and exact computer processing. PMID- 6977297 TI - Y-autosome translocation in Cacajao calvus rubicundus (Platyrrhini). PMID- 6977298 TI - A large kindred with an INV(3)(p25q23): clinical, cytogenetic and genetic marker studies. AB - A large kindred in which an inv(3)(p25q23) is segregating is described. At least two malformed children with the recombinant chromosome rec(3)dup(q23 leads to qter)del(p25 leads to pter) have been produced, both of whom have the characteristic trisomy 3q syndrome. Genetic marker studies showed that Pl and GM are not linked to the inversion break points. The Pl-GM linkage group has been excluded from much of chromosome 3 by deletion mapping and linkage analysis of this kindred. PMID- 6977299 TI - [Automated analysis of densitometric profiles of G-banded human chromosomes 2 and 3 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977300 TI - [Partial monosomy 20q: a new syndrome. Regional assignment of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) locus on 20q132 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977301 TI - Some observations on the mental deficiency, normofunctional testicular hyperplasia and fra (X) (q28) chromosome syndrome. PMID- 6977302 TI - A new family with a satellited Y. PMID- 6977303 TI - Investigations in dominant Sotos syndrome. PMID- 6977304 TI - [Normal 46,XX daughter born to a 45,X/46,X,del(X)(q25) deletion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977305 TI - The cytogenetic and clinical implications of a ring chromosome 2. AB - Ring chromosome formation can occur without deletion, through the abnormal pairing of the palindromic DNA base sequences thought to make up the telomeres. The normal occurrence of sister chromatid exchanges within a ring constantly produces further chromosomal anomalies that are less likely to survive when the chromosome involved is large and/or its aneuploidy incompatible with life. These abnormal products (abbreviated pro) were only found in the present case after two or more cell cycles in lymphocyte cultures. Their elimination in vivo implies a very high cellular death rate and an enormous waste of metabolism that should have the same phenotypic effects no matter what chromosome is involved. These phenotypic anomalies form a ring syndrome that can be clinically recognized and consists of severe growth failure, mental retardation and a pleasant personality. The syndrome is usually masked by the more severe abnormalities produced by the deletions present in most cases of ring chromosomes. PMID- 6977306 TI - Infant male with ring chromosome 14. PMID- 6977307 TI - 9p duplication confirmed by gene dosage effect: report of two patients. AB - We report two cases duplication of 9p. This investigation was prompted by the identification of two patients with minor congenital anomalies and mental retardation. Chromosomal karyotype in both patients revealed 9p duplication, one as a result of tandem duplication of 9p at band p13 leads to p24 and the other due to an extra and deleted chromosome number 9 (pter leads to cent leads to q13). Both patients has elevated galactose-1-phosphate-uridyl-transferase level demonstrating additional evidence for mapping GALT on the short arm of chromosome 9. PMID- 6977308 TI - Partial trisomy of chromosome 18 (pter leads to q11): a discussion on the identification of the critical segment. AB - Partial trisomy for the short arm and the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome 18 was observed in a male child of 4 years of age. The trisomy appeared de novo as a free, practically metacentric chromosome. A review of other cases of partial trisomy 18 suggests that there is a critical segment of the chromosome responsible for typical phenotype of the trisomy 18. In this report we add the description of a new case to the work already carried out in the delimitation of this critical segment. PMID- 6977309 TI - Modification of lymphocyte DNA synthesis by alpha 1-antitrypsin. AB - Purified human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) was shown to inhibit 3H-thymidine incorporation into mouse or human lymphocytes stimulated by various mitogens or by allogeneic cells. In the mouse, both B- and T-cell responses were affected. In the human, proliferative responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes, thymocytes and T-enriched tonsillar lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin were inhibited as well as that of tonsillar lymphocytes to Salmonella typhi-murium lipopolysaccharide. Spontaneous 3H-thymidine incorporation was moderately and inconstantly decreased, without evidence of altered cell viability. The inhibitory effect of alpha 1-AT appears to be related to its protease inhibitory capacity. These data bring further evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes in the early events of lymphocyte activation, and support the hypothesis that serum inhibitors of proteases may contribute to the modulation of the immune response. PMID- 6977310 TI - Color vision. PMID- 6977311 TI - Neural prosthesis and neurostimulation. Part I of the proceedings of the 8th meeting of the World Society and the 5th meeting of the European Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. Zurich, July 9-11, 1981. PMID- 6977312 TI - Chronic VPM stimulation for anesthesia dolorosa following trigeminal surgery. PMID- 6977313 TI - A contribution to selecting the optimal stimulation program. PMID- 6977314 TI - Endorphins and pain relief. Further observations on electrical stimulation of the lateral part of the periaqueductal gray matter during rostral mesencephalic reticulotomy for pain relief. PMID- 6977316 TI - Neurostimulation as used in a large clinical practice. PMID- 6977315 TI - Clinical results and physiological basis of thalamic relay nucleus stimulation for relief of intractable pain with morphine tolerance. PMID- 6977317 TI - Initial and long-term results of deep brain stimulation for chronic intractable pain. PMID- 6977318 TI - Results in 60 cases of deep brain stimulation for chronic intractable pain. PMID- 6977319 TI - Monopolar electrical stimulation of nucleus ventroposteromedialis thalami for postherpetic facial pain. PMID- 6977320 TI - Autonomic effects of electrostimulation. PMID- 6977321 TI - Chronic epidural dorsal column stimulation in the treatment of causalgia pain. PMID- 6977322 TI - Personal experience with spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain management. PMID- 6977323 TI - Long-term follow-up of dorsal cord stimulation for chronic pain syndrome after multiple lumbar operations. PMID- 6977324 TI - Localization of electrodes in cases of phantom limb pain in the lower limbs. PMID- 6977325 TI - Update of chronic cerebellar stimulation for spasticity and epilepsy. PMID- 6977326 TI - Chronic cerebellar stimulation in cerebral palsy. PMID- 6977327 TI - Electrophysiological changes induced by chronic stimulation of the dentate nuclei for cerebral palsy. PMID- 6977328 TI - Effects of spinal cord stimulation on spasticity: H-reflex study. PMID- 6977330 TI - Computerized percutaneous multi-level spinal cord stimulation in motor disorders. PMID- 6977329 TI - Neurophysiological analysis of factors influencing efficacy of spinal cord stimulation. PMID- 6977331 TI - High frequency cervical epidural stimulation for spasticity. PMID- 6977332 TI - Physiological aspects of central stimulation. PMID- 6977333 TI - Chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) in involuntary movement disorders. AB - Motor disorders of disinhibition may be modified by prosthetic mobilization of CNS inhibitory mechanisms by chronic electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex (CCS) and by deep brain stimulation of the thalamus and internal capsule (DBS). Reduction in spasticity, abnormal movements, intractable epilepsy and aggressive behavior has been reported after CCS, although negative results in human and animal studies have been published. No adverse neurologic, psychologic or intellectual effects of stimulation have occurred after 7 years of CCS, although subclinical histological changes may occur in the cerebellar cortex under the electrodes. CCS has been shown to produce physiological changes in evoked potentials, motoneurone excitability, epileptic discharges in the EEG and quantitative changes in movement. Surface and deep thalamic recordings have shown reduced amplitudes of somatosensory responses after CCS. Over the last 2 years we have employed chronic deep brain stimulation (DBS) in 49 patients with clinically useful results in half the patients. The technique allows reversible modification of movement disorders, and the technique can be used on the second side after a previous thalamectomy. Physiological testing, direct thalamic recordings and quantitative analysis of movement have allowed assessment of optimal rate and voltage of stimulation. For some intractable movement disorders DBS has effected significant therapeutic results when all other therapeutic techniques have failed. PMID- 6977334 TI - Long-term results of cerebellar chronic electrostimulation in involuntary movement disorders. PMID- 6977336 TI - Assessment of functional effect of epidural electrostimulation and selective posterior rhizotomy in spasticity. PMID- 6977337 TI - Epidural nerve stimulation of the lower spinal cord and cauda equina for the relief of intractable pain in failed low back surgery. PMID- 6977335 TI - Quantification of the effect of epidural spinal electrostimulation (ESES) in central motor disorders. AB - The importance of film documentation for objective and quantitative assessment of the results of epidural spinal electrical stimulation (ESES) was shown. Our experience is based on 25 patients with central motor disorders, predominantly of spinal origin. 17 were selected for internalization of a receiver system. By means of description and clinical registration of spasticity, reduced mobility, motor strength, dexterity, etc., or by means of electrophysiological tests, complex motor performance such as standing, sitting, dressing and undressing, eating and writing cannot be sufficiently evaluated. Short scenes of these activities when demonstrated by motion picture enable the therapist to compare better the condition of the patient before and with ESES, and thereby facilitate the selection of patients for internalization of receiver systems. PMID- 6977338 TI - [The tuberculin test : how and why?]. PMID- 6977340 TI - Investigation and management of neonatal jaundice: a problem-orientated case record. AB - A problem-orientated case record was used for the investigation and management of neonatal jaundice. Investigation of babies requiring phototherapy rarely showed any abnormality but we consider that such routine investigations are worth retaining. There were problems in the interpretation of moderately low plasma concentrations of thyroxine in small, preterm babies. There was biochemical evidence of hepatitis in 3 babies; in all 3 the biochemical abnormality was mild and had disappeared 6 months later in 2 of them. It may be that mild episodes of the neonatal hepatitis syndrome are more common than have been thought and that such infants have a fairly good prognosis. PMID- 6977339 TI - Thyroid hormone and vitamin D metabolism in the rat. PMID- 6977341 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic occlusion for bleeding oesophageal varices in polycystic disease. AB - A 7-year-old boy with congenital polycystic disease of the kidneys and liver developed portal hypertension and gastro-oesophageal varices. After two episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, percutaneous transhepatic occlusion of varices and of the left gastric vein was carried out. During the next year there was no evidence of further haemorrhage. PMID- 6977342 TI - The prognosis of the possible foetal and placental complications during delivery by measuring maternal serum levels of pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (SP1). AB - The correlation between pathological maternal SP1 serum levels and possible foetal complications during delivery was studied. In 1954, SP1 measurements were made in 823 pregnant women between the 32nd and 40th gestational weeks. On the basis of SP1 serum concentrations groups of patients were formed. The results clearly show that pathological SP1 serum concentrations are frequently associated with intrauterine growth retardation of the foetus, imminent intrauterine asphyxia, and cesarean section indicated by foetal distress. The SP1 placental function-test is recommended as a simple, inexpensive screening method for the detection of placental insufficiency. PMID- 6977343 TI - Effect of co-trimoxazole in drug metabolism. PMID- 6977345 TI - Benign monoclonal gammopathy. PMID- 6977344 TI - Genetics of natural resistance to thermal injury. AB - The possible influence of genetic factors in conditioning the host's natural resistance to the lethal effects of severe thermal injury has been studied in 908 rats of comparable age and weight, originating from two outbred, eight inbred, and two congenic strains of animals of defined genetic background. Each animal was exposed to a standard, full-thickness, 40% body surface area skin burn by controlled contact with a heated metal plate. The 21-day postburn mortality was 100% in 217 Fisher (F-344) and 97 ACI male and female rats. The mortality was reduced to 49-63% in an intermediate group of 84 Lewis, 98 Wistar, 48 Sprague Dawley, 96 Wistar-Furth (WF), and 48 Osborne-Mendel (OM) male rats; 48 female OM rats had a mortality of 86% at 21 days after injury. The same injury produced a mortality in 4% in 90 Buffalo (BUF) and 22% in 41 Brown-Norwegian (BN) males, while females of the same strains exhibited a 21-day mortality of 23% and 54%, respectively. Further studies of the effects of similar injury in two congenic strains of rats derived from some of the inbred lines of animals listed above yielded a 21-day mortality of 50% in 18 BN.1B(BUF) and 20% in 15 BN.1U(WF) male rats, and 65% and 36%, respectively, in females of the same lines. These data point to the importance of genetic factors as a key determinant of host resistance or susceptibility to the effects of severe thermal injury. The segregation of responses to thermal injury in inbred rats into susceptible, intermediate, and resistant groups on the basis of strain origin indicates that such natural resistance may be a quantitative trait. One of the genetic components affecting host resistance is sex-linked. The existence of genetically controlled variations in natural resistance to trauma may be an important determinant of survival and may be a source of guidelines for the triage and clinical care of injured patients. It may also be an important selective factor in evolution. PMID- 6977346 TI - Circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis. Selective removal by cryogelation with membrane filtration. AB - We have developed a system of extracorporeal circulation that removes proteins of the molecular weight of the circulating immune complexes of rheumatoid arthritis by cryogelation with hollow-fiber membrane filtration. A 52-year-old woman with a 36-year history of severe, unremitting, high-titer, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis who had failed to respond to anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, and cytotoxic drugs was chosen for a trial of this system. A rapid and sustained decrease in circulating immune complexes as measured by C1q binding occurred, accompanied by a much slower improvement in clinical factors of disease activity. Rheumatoid factor changed very little and loss of other serum proteins by the procedure was relatively modest. This new procedure was successful in removing circulating immune complexes in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, and in inducing a remission in one who has not had such in 36 years, while sparing volume and other plasma proteins. PMID- 6977347 TI - Defective chemotaxis of PMN cells of patients with bronchial asthma. PMID- 6977348 TI - [Choroid plexus papilloma (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a new case of choroid plexus papilloma. Hydrocephalus produced by this tumour has special features. Diagnosis is made by CAT scan. Despite surgery and the begnignity of such tumours, prognosis is generally poor. In the reported case two radiological pictures over a 5 year period did not any increasing of the size of the tumour. PMID- 6977349 TI - On the mechanism of inhibition of spleen-colony formation by hemopoietic stem cells pretreated with anti AS-LYT1.1 antibody. AB - Data are presented which indicate that inhibition of spleen colony formation by hemopoietic stem cells pretreated with anti-AS-Lyt1.1 antibody which is a contaminant in anti Lyt1.1 antisera, results from disturbed homing of injected cells. PMID- 6977350 TI - Lymph node involvement by histiocytosis X. AB - Lymph node involvement by histiocytosis X is usually secondary to nearby bone or skin lesions. A patient with histiocytosis X confined to lymph nodes is rarely seen; however, we studied two such persons. In each, a lymph node biopsy was performed because the clinical aspects caused us to suspect neoplastic disease. PMID- 6977351 TI - [Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma]. PMID- 6977352 TI - Acetylcholine receptor antibody titer and HLA-B8 antigen in myasthenia gravis. AB - In 82 white patients with myasthenia gravis, a high serum human acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody titer was related to the presence of the HLA-B8 antigen and increasing severity of the disease and not to age at onset, sex, presence of thymoma, or mode of treatment. Among patients without thymomas a high antibody titer was also associated with HLA-B8, particularly in those patients whose age at onset was less than 35 years. Thymectomy was associated with a lower median antibody titer when compared in two groups of HLA-B8-positive patients without thymoma who were similar for all other factors. Patients with thymomas who had received corticosteroids had a lower median titer than those who had not received steroids. This study supports the possibility that immune-response genes near the HLA-B8 segment of the major histocompatibility complex participate in the regulation of the humoral response to autoantigens, such as AChR protein. PMID- 6977353 TI - Histopathological findings in clinical gentamicin ototoxicity. AB - The temporal bone histopathological findings in a case of gentamicin sulfate induced hearing loss and vertigo in an anephric patient undergoing hemodialysis are presented. A study of the sensory neuroepithelium of the cristae and maculae disclosed the presence of vacuoles with clubbing of the sensory cells. In the cochlea, loss of the innermost row of outer hair cells in the basal turn was the most prominent feature. These findings are discussed in light of reports of similar morphological changes in laboratory studies of gentamicin ototoxicity. PMID- 6977354 TI - Immune complexes in acute pancreatitis. AB - Immune complexes were detected in the sera of ten of 22 patients with acute pancreatitis using a Clq deviation assay. Five of these were positive using a second technique. There was no correlation between immune complexes and clinical or aetiological features of the pancreatitis. Two patients with immune complexes developed a benign and transient pancreatic polyarthritis. Immune complexes may provide one common path in the sequence of pathogenic events that lead to pancreatitis. PMID- 6977355 TI - Posturography of ataxia induced by Coriolis- and Purkinje-effects. AB - Vestibular Coriolis- and Purkinje-effect, which are known to induce vertigo, were investigated with respect to body posture. One aim of this investigation was to provide information concerning clinical vertigo symptoms. Standing on a rotatable stabilometer, 25 healthy subjects had to execute lateral head tilts during (Coriolis), or after (Purkinje), rotation varied with different constant velocities. The conditions were varied with respect to eyes open vs. eyes closed, head upright vs. head tilt to the right and left, direction of rotation clockwise vs. counterclockwise, active vs. passive head tilt, and active vs. passive body rotation. The results supported the expectation that destabilization was less severe with open than with closed eyes and that sway amplitudes were increased after head tilt as well as with a higher velocity of rotation. The direction of the induced body shift was, as expected, opposite to the initial vestibular stimulus. A forward shift after stop without head tilt was frequently found, being independent of the previous direction of rotation. Reported perceptions coincided mostly not with the initial vestibular signal but rather with the actual movement of compensation. Active instead of passive movements did not produce clearly different effects. The Purkinje experiment appeared to be equivalent to the situation when a patient with an acute lesion of a horizontal vestibular canal bends his head. The stabilogram under this condition may allow a prediction of the side of the lesion. PMID- 6977356 TI - Food versus intracranial self-stimulation: failure of limited-access self depriving rats to self-deprive in a continuous access paradigm. PMID- 6977357 TI - Cytosolic androgen receptor in regenerating rat levator ani muscle. AB - The development of the cytosolic androgen receptor was studied after degeneration and regeneration of the rat levator ani muscle after a crush lesion. Muscle regeneration appears to recapitulate myogenesis in many respects. It therefore provides a model tissue in sufficiently in large quantity for investigating the ontogenesis of the androgen receptor. The receptor in the cytosol of the normal levator ani muscle has binding characteristics similar to those of the cytosolic receptor in other androgen-sensitive tissues. By day 3 after a crush lesion of the levator ani muscle, androgen binding decreased to 25% of control values. This decrease was followed by a 4-5 fold increase in hormone binding, which attained control values by day 7 after crush. Androgen binding remained stable at the control value up to day 60 after crushing. These results were correlated with the morphological development of the regenerating muscle after crushing. It is concluded that there is little, if any, androgen receptor present in the early myoblastic stages of regeneration; rather, synthesis of the receptor may occur after the fusion of myoblasts and during the differentiation of myotubes into cross-striated muscle fibres. PMID- 6977358 TI - Anti-neuraminidase antibodies: which substrate should be used to test their effect on influenza virus neuraminidase. PMID- 6977359 TI - Induction of alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA and cloning of its cDNA. PMID- 6977360 TI - Electrochemical response patterns to histamine, bombesin, and pentagastrin in isolated bullfrog gastric mucosa. PMID- 6977361 TI - Induction of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver by the antibiotic troleandomycin: partial purificaton and properties of cytochrome P-450-troleandomycin metabolite complexes. PMID- 6977362 TI - Properties of thymidylate synthetase from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Effect of Mg2/ and MgATP2-. AB - Ehrlich ascites carcinoma thymidylate synthetase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by affinity chromatography on 10-formyl-5,8-dideazofolate-ethyl Sepharose. Electrophoretic analysis of the formation of the enzyme-5 fluorodeoxyuridylate-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate complexes showed the presence of two binding sites for 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate on the enzyme molecule. Molecular weight of the native enzyme was found to be 78,5000, whereas that of its monomer was 38, 500. The apparent Michaelis constants for dUMP and (+/-)-L-5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate were 1.3 +/- 0.4 and 32.2 +/- 0.7 micrometers respectively. Phosphate acted as a weak inhibitor, competitive toward dUMP. The enzyme reaction exhibited a temperature-dependent change of activation energy, reflected in the binding affinity of dUMP, with a transitional temperature of 35.8 degrees. Both Mg2+ and MgATP2- were strong activators of the enzyme, MgATP2- being more effective. PMID- 6977363 TI - Preliminary communications. PMID- 6977364 TI - Pharmacological studies of a new non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug: 2-(5 ethylpyridin-2-yl)benzimidazole (KB-1043). AB - 2-(5-Ethylpyridin-2-yl)benzimidazole (KB-1043) is a new benzimidazole derivative with marked antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. KB-1043 possesses potent inhibitory activities on the acute inflammatory edema induced by chemical and physical irritants in the hind paw of rats, but almost ineffective (similar to tiaramide) against adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in the rat. The antagonistic effects of KB-1043 on increased vascular permeability are more potent than those of phenylbutazone, and the analgesic effects of KB-1043 on the pain induced by chemical and mechanical stimulations were nearly equal to, or slightly less potent than, those of tiaramide and phenylbutazone. The fevers induced by brewer's yeast and polysaccharide from Pseudomonas fluorescens (T.T.G.) were lowered by KB-1043. THe ulcerogenic activity of KB-1043 was weaker than those of tiaramide and phenylbutazone. The therapeutic index of KB-1043 therefore is superior to those of tiaramide and phenylbutazone. PMID- 6977365 TI - Extent of myocardial damage after open-heart surgery assessed from serial plasma enzyme levels in either of two periods (1975 and 1980). AB - Perioperative myocardial damage caused by cardiac surgery in 32 patients operated upon in 1980 is quantified in terms of total quantity of alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase released from the heart into the circulation, and compared with perioperative myocardial damage in 32 patients operated upon in 1975. In the five year period between 1975 and 1980, various aspects concerning anaesthesia, pharmacological treatment, and myocardial preservation techniques have been subjected to considerable changes. Comparison of calculated myocardial damage in 1980 with that in 1975 shows a general reduction of about 40% in patients having coronary artery bypass grafting, 75% in patients with aortic valve replacement, and 10% in patients with mitral valve replacement. PMID- 6977366 TI - The effect of co-trimoxazole on serum creatinine. AB - 1 Co-trimoxazole induces a highly significant and reversible elevation of the serum creatinine level. 2 In renal-allograft patients the degree of this elevation is significantly correlated with the concentration of serum creatinine before administration of co-trimoxazole and with the concentration of non-protein bound trimethoprim. PMID- 6977368 TI - Chronic dermatophyte infections II. Antibody and cell-mediated immune responses. AB - In patients infected with Trichophyton rubrum, the T lymphocyte responses (lymphocyte transformation) to trichophytin were reduced, compared with control subjects. The same levels were seen in patients with intractable chronic infection and those who responded well to treatment but the site of infection affected the immune response, lower levels being seen in patients with palmo plantar infection than in those with groin infections. In infections coursed by T. mentagrophytes by contrast, lymphocyte responses to specific antigens were significantly increased. PMID- 6977367 TI - Lymphocyte function in untreated Hodgkin's disease: an important predictor of prognosis. AB - One hundred and twenty seven consecutive and previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) (mean age 47 years) from the Stockholm area admitted to Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, were studied. The age-matched control group consisted of 167 healthy adults. Incorporation of [14C]-dT was measured on Day 1 in unstimulated monocyte-depleted lymphocyte cultures, and on Day 3 in cultures activated by PWM, ConA and PPD, T and B cells were enumerated by surface markers. The patients had significantly decreased relative and total T-cell counts, and the lymphocyte DNA synthesis induced by mitogens and PPD was severely impaired, whilst the spontaneous DNA synthesis was significantly greater than in controls. At follow-up (mean 4 years) 40 patients have died. Deceased patients showed greater spontaneous lymphocyte activation and less response to mitogen and antigen stimulation than the survivors. The 5-year survival of patients with severe lymphocyte impairment was 20%, compared to 80% for the remainder. The lymphocyte tests added prognostic information to that from clinical staging. Disregarding the lack of knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the lymphocyte impairment, we suggest that these relatively simple immunological tests should be included in the clinical evaluation of HD patients and would guide the choice of therapy. PMID- 6977369 TI - Association of psoriasis with HLA-DR7. PMID- 6977370 TI - Hypothesis: the environment is a major determinant of the immunological sub-type of lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. PMID- 6977371 TI - Lymphocyte sub-populations following splenic irradiation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Four patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were treated with splenic irradiation, 100 rads per week for 10 weeks. No patient had received prior therapy of any kind. All patients showed an excellent clinical response in terms of decrease in lymphocyte count in blood and bone marrow and decrease in lymph node and spleen size. B and T cell populations returned to normal in all patients as did the ratio of TG to TM cells. Two patients showed an increase in IgM levels, but the overall pattern of immunoglobulins showed no consistent change following treatment. No toxicity was incurred during treatment. We conclude that splenic irradiation is a safe and effective treatment of previously untreated patients with CLL and is associated with a return to normal of lymphocyte sub populations. The role of the abnormal T cell population in the pathogenesis of the hypoimmunoglobulinaemia remains unclear. PMID- 6977372 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity of lymphocytes: an enzyme characteristic of T cells. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by an adaptation of the colorimetric and radiometric techniques described for other cells. The enzyme activity seemed to be correlated to the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood. To decide whether only the T-cells possess AchE activity the lymphocytes were separated on Leucopac filter and on Percoll density gradient. B-lymphocytes had no detectable enzyme activity, while the T lymphocyte fraction represented the total activity measured in the unseparated sample. The majority of AchE activity could be demonstrated in T-lymphocytes of lower density (TLD). The role of AchE in the plasma membrane of various blood cells is not known. Nevertheless, the enzyme is a good marker of the integrity and functional state of the membrane. The difference observed in AchE activity of the lymphocyte populations seems to be suitable for using it to characterize T lymphocytes. PMID- 6977373 TI - Further studies on the mechanism of marrow granulocytic hyperplasia in mice chronically injected with endotoxin. AB - Marrow granulocytic hyperplasia occurs regularly in mice injected with endotoxin for 7--30 d, despite minimal elevations of serum colony-stimulating activity (CSA). Alterations in marrow granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (CFU-C) number of changes in marrow cell cycle status do not explain this hyperplasia. We have studied other mechanisms which may explain this increased granulopoiesis. CF1, BDF1 or C57bl/6J mice were infected with 10 micrograms of S. typhosa endotoxin i.p. daily for 7--20 d. Control and endotoxin injected (tolerant) sera, each with identical levels of CSA, were assayed against control marrow cells stimulated with supramaximal amounts to CSA to assess the role of serum potentiators in augmenting granulopoiesis. In six separate experiments, tolerant sera, over a 30 fold concentration range, produced a 1.7--4.0-fold potentiation of colony growth compared to control sera (P less than 0.001). No increased tolerant sera potentiation was seen over a similar concentration range when assayed against tolerant marrow. Tolerant and control splenic conditioned media, both dialysed and non-dialysed, failed to potentiate control marrow colony growth. Tolerant marrow stem cells did not show changes in CSA sensitivity, colony size distribution or differentiation, and tolerant bone or bone marrow cells did not produce increased amounts of CSA. We conclude that serum factors separate from CSA may in part explain the increased granulopoiesis seen in endotoxin injected mice. The failure of tolerant sera to potentiate tolerant marrow growth in vitro may reflect prior in vivo exposure of marrow to these potentiating factor(s). PMID- 6977374 TI - Elimination of T-lymphocytes from human bone marrow with monoclonal T-antibodies and cytolytic complement. AB - Complement-mediated cytolysis has been used to remove T-lymphocytes from suspensions of human peripheral blood and bone marrow. Selective T-cell removal was investigated by three monoclonal antibodies. OKT3, MBG6 and OKT11A. All three removed greater than 90% of T-cells but combinations were necessary to kill greater than 99% of T-cells in vitro. The macrophage-granulocyte and erythroid colony forming cells of the bone marrow were spared. The method can be applied on bulk BM samples during clinical BM transplantation and will be useful to establish whether the virtually complete removal of T-lymphocytes totally prevents transplant associated graft-versus-host disease in man. PMID- 6977375 TI - HLA-DR antigens on CLL lymphocytes. PMID- 6977376 TI - Quantitation of corneal endothelial potentials using a carbocyanine dye. AB - The carbocyanine dye, diS-C3-(5) was used to quantitate the plasma membrane potential of the bullfrog corneal endothelium. It was shown that valinomycin hyperpolarized the endothelial cell and that in the presence of the ionophore the membrane potential largely reflected the K+ equilibrium potential. Using calibration curves constructed by changing medium K+ concentration in the presence of valinomycin, and nigericin and ouabain to abolish ion gradients and electrogenic pump activity, the cell membrane potential was calculated to be 28.6 +/- 4.2 mV. The major source of this potential was a K+ diffusion potential, and the membrane Na+ conductance reduced the cell potential to less than the apparent K+ equilibrium potential of 51.5 +/- 5.1 mV. About 20% of the cell potential could be ascribed to the rheogenic (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. PMID- 6977377 TI - Catecholamine content of chromaffin granule "ghosts' isolated from bovine adrenal glands. AB - Studies on the mechanism of catecholamine transport into chromaffin granules is complicated by the release of endogenous catecholamines. To overcome this problem chromaffin granule ghosts have been prepared by many investigators by osmotic lysis of the granules which results in a loss of over 90% of the endogenous catecholamine. However, in the studies reported here, the resulting ghosts still contained 36 +/- 3.9 nmol epinephrine/mg of protein if they were lysed by passage through a Sephadex G-50 column preequilibrated with hypoosmotic media. This residual catecholamine was found to slowly diffuse out of the ghosts in a temperature-dependent process at a rate sufficient to interfere with kinetic analysis of catecholamine transport. Attempts to remove the endogenous catecholamine from the ghosts indicated that most of it could not be removed by further osmotic shock of freeze-thaw treatments, but that over 85% of it was released from the granules by incubating them at 30 degree C for 90 min or by dialysis with a 35 and 86% loss of rate of catecholamine transport into the ghosts, respectively. If the endogenous catecholamine was removed from chromaffin granule ghosts by preincubating them for 90 min at 30 degree C, the resulting ghosts transported catecholamine with a linear Lineweaver-Burk plot indicating a Km of 12 +/- 2 microM. In addition, the resulting ghosts did not leak catecholamines over a 10 min period at 30 degree C, and the transport of catecholamines was blocked by reserpine and enhanced with increasing pH from 6.0 to 8.5. PMID- 6977378 TI - Objective evaluation of vestibular resistance depending on the direction of change of nystagmus parameters after cumulation of coriolis acceleration. AB - In investigations on 30 volunteers 172 electronystagmograms (ENG) were recorded. The tests showed that cumulative exposure to Coriolis accelerations either activates, inhibits, or causes no significant change in the quantitative parameters of nystagmus. A new objective method of individual assessment of the state of vestibular function for use during vestibulometry in hospital, based on comparative assessment of the direction of changes in magnitude of the nystagmus response after continuous cumulation of Coriolis accelerations is suggested. Subjects in whom the velocity of the slow phase (VSF) of nystagmus after exposure to continuous cumulation of Coriolis acceleration (CCCA) exceeds its usual value before CCCA are considered to have high vestibular resistance; subjects in whom VSF of nystagmus falls significantly (or is unchanged) after CCCA are considered to exhibit vestibular instability. PMID- 6977380 TI - Discrete sarcomere length distribution in skeletal muscle. AB - We analyzed the microstructure in the first-order laser diffraction line from both resting and tetanically contracting single twitch fibers from frog anterior tibial muscle to see if the distribution of sarcomere lengths is continuous or discrete. Measuring the distance between adjacent microstructural elements lying parallel, we plotted a histogram of the corresponding differences of sarcomere length. The histograms obtained both from resting and contracting fibers had a prominent peak at approximately 12-14 nm. The result suggests that the sarcomere length distribution may be discrete with unit separation of approximately 12-14 nm sarcomere length. PMID- 6977381 TI - The electronic structure of Fe2+ in reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. II. Extended x-ray fine structure studies. AB - Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies were performed on reaction centers (RC) of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26. RC containing two, one, and no quinones (2Q, 1Q, 0Q) samples were studied. The average ligand distance of the first coordination shell was determined to be 2.10 +/- 0.02 A with a more distant shell at 4.14 +/- 0.05 A. The Fe2+ site in RC was found to have a very large structural disorder parameter, from which a spread in ligand distance per iron site of approximately +/- 0.1 A was deduced. The most likely coordination number of the first shell is six, with a mixture of oxygens and nitrogens as ligands. The edge absorption results are consistent with the Fe2+ being in distorted octahedral environment. The EXAFS spectra of the 2Q and 1Q samples with and without O-phenanthroline were found to be the same. This indicates that either the secondary quinone and o phenanthroline do not bind to Fe2+ or that they replace an equivalent ligand. The 0Q sample showed a 12% decrease in the EXAFS amplitude, which was restored upon addition of o-phenanthroline. These results can be explained by either a loss of a ligand or a severe conformational change when the primary quinone was removed. PMID- 6977379 TI - Simple model of smooth muscle myosin phosphorylation and dephosphorylation as rate-limiting mechanism. AB - A simple mathematical treatment of the model proposed by others in which a dynamic balance between Ca++ -dependent phosphorylation and Ca++-independent dephosphorylation of myosin controls the activation of smooth muscle contractility is presented. The parameters of the model can be computed from the experimentally observed stable force-[Ca++] relationship. A simple extension of the model to the case of time-dependent activation yields an expression that quantitatively predicts the measured dependence of the rate of isometric tension development on the activating free [Ca++]. The parameters of the mechanical model, which are derived from the rate constants for phosphorylating and dephosphorylating enzyme activities, are in reasonable agreement with the constants measured directly in purified protein systems. In addition, the model predicts values for several parameters that have not yet been experimentally measured, such as the ratio of kinase and phosphatase activities, the maximum extent of myosin phosphorylation, and the kinase turnover number. PMID- 6977382 TI - An x-ray absorption study of the iron site in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. AB - Measurements were made of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of the iron site in photosynthetic reaction centers from the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Forms with two quinones, two quinones with added o phenanthroline, and one quinone were studied. Only the two forms containing two quinones maintained their integrity and were analyzed. The spectra show directly that the added o-phenanthroline does not chelate the iron atom. Further analysis indicates that the iron is octahedrally coordinated by nitrogen and/or oxygen atoms located at various distances, with the average value of about 2.14 A. The analysis suggests that most of the ligands are nitrogens and that three of the nitrogen ligands belong to histidine rings. This interpretation accounts for several unusual features of the EXAFS spectrum. We speculate that the quinones are bound to the histidine rings in some manner. Qualitative features of the absorption edge spectra also are discussed and are related to the Fe-ligand distance. PMID- 6977383 TI - Decreased actin content of lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Actin, a major cytoskeletal protein, was quantitated in normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes. The actin content of normal human blood lymphocytes was 2.2 +/- 0.4 mg/10(9) cells and represented 6.6% +/- 1.8% of the total cellular protein. A significant decrease (p less than 0.001) was noted in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes that contained 1.4 +/- 0.3 mg actin/10(9) cells, constituting 4.3% +/- 1.1% of the total protein. Normal T and B cells did not differ in actin content. Reduced actin levels were found in the T as well as in the B lymphocytes of "B-cell" chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The possible importance of the decreased actin level in the anomalous capping response and motility of chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 6977385 TI - Leukemic-like membrane properties acquired by B lymphocytes when depleted of 185,000-dalton macromolecular insoluble cold globulin. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes can be phenotypically identified by the presence of one or both of two proteins, 225,000-dalton macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (225-MICG) and 185,000-dalton MICG (185-MICG). T cells synthesize and insert into their plasma membrane 225-MICG, null cells 185-MICG, and B cells both 225 and 185-MICG. In contrast, the monoclonal B cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are characterized by the presence of 225-MICG and the absence of 185 MICG. We have recently found it possible to chemically deplete 185-MICG from viable normal B cells by treating them with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), thus making normal B cells phenotypically resemble leukemic cells. In the present report we determined whether certain peculiar properties of these leukemic cells would be associated with the normal B cells chemically depleted of 185-MICG. In normal B cells, SIg diffuses in the lipid bilayer to form clusters and caps under appropriate conditions, while in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells this does not occur. Normal B cells depleted of 185-MICG fail to undergo capping of SIg or surface MICG under appropriate conditions. Both DFP-treated B cells and CLL cells tend to rupture when smeared on a glass slide. Both CLL cells and DFP treated B cells fail to secrete 225-MICG after it has been synthesized intracellularly. The relationship of these findings to the mechanisms of secretion and capping are discussed. PMID- 6977384 TI - Non-T, non-B lymphomas are rare in childhood and associated with cutaneous tumor. AB - Tumor cells from a total of 116 children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied for their pattern of reactivity with a battery of cell markers, including their capacity for spontaneous formation of sheep erythrocyte rosettes (E-rosettes), demonstration of surface immunoglobulins (SIg), and positivity with antisera against T-cell antigens, the common acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-associated antigen (cALLa), and Ia-like antigens. Fifty-eight children (50%) had T-cell lymphomas, including all those with mediastinal tumors. Fifty children (43%) had B-cell lymphomas, including 44 of the 45 with abdominal primaries. Eight children (7%) had non-T, non-B tumors, 4 of whom presented at a young age with cutaneous lymphoblastic tumors. These results demonstrate that the great majority of children with NHL, not leukemic at diagnosis, have tumors clearly committed to either T- or B-cell differentiation pathways and only rarely exhibit the common ALL phenotype (cALLa+, Ia+, E-, T-, SIg-), contrasting with the distribution of childhood lymphoblastic leukemias. The unusual association of these non-T, non-B cases with skin involvement has not previously been reported, raising speculation regarding patterns of lymphocyte traffic and origins of childhood lymphomas and leukemias. PMID- 6977386 TI - The effect of folate analogues and vitamin B12 on provision of thymine nucleotides for DNA synthesis in megaloblastic anemia. AB - The role of vitamin B12 in the folate dependent biosynthesis of thymidine nucleotides is controversial. In an attempt to clarify this, three methods have been used to assess the relative efficacy of vitamin B12 (hydroxocobalamin) and various folate analogues in titrated concentrations at correcting 'de novo' thymidylate synthesis by megaloblastic human marrow cells: (1) The deoxyuridine (dU) suppression test which analyses the reduction in (3H)-thymidine labeling of DNA by unlabeled dU. Marrow cells were also labeled with (6-3H)-dU with assessment of (2) its incorporation into DNA and (3) the accumulation of (6-3H) deoxyuridine monophosphate (3H-dUMP). The three methods gave similar results. In both, N6-formyl tetrahydrofolate (formyl-FH4) was the most effective agent at correcting thymidylate synthesis in megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Vitamin B12 corrected the lesion in vitamin B12 deficiency but not in folate deficiency. Tetrahydrofolate (FH4) and folic acid were effective in deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate, although in both deficiencies they were less effective than formyl-FH4. Methyl-FH4 was effective in folate deficiency but not in vitamin B12 deficiency. These results confirm the failure of methyl-FH4 utilisation in vitamin B12 deficiency. They suggest that if vitamin B12 is needed in the formylation of FH4, this is a minor role in provision of the correct coenzyme for thymidylate synthesis compared with its major role of provision of FH4 from methyl-FH4. PMID- 6977387 TI - Immunologic evaluation of T chronic lymphocyte leukemia cells: correlations among phenotype, functional activities, and morphology. AB - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of T-cell origin (T-CLL), a rare variant of CLL, appears to be a clonal proliferation of mature T cells of one of several subsets. In the cells of 7 T-CLL patients, surface markers (including those reacting with a panel of monoclonal antibodies), functional activities, and electron microscopic morphology were evaluated. The phenotypic patterns of circulating T CLL cells correspond to those of normal mature T-cell subsets. The cells of three patients demonstrated at least one marker reported to be expressed by suppressor/cytotoxic T cells: those of three patients expressed markers apparently linked with T-helper activity. Cells from one patient appeared to be a heterogeneous proliferation of more than one T-cell subset. These T-CLL cells may also retain some of the functional activity of the normal T subpopulations. Our data indicate that a combination of several tests should be used to characterize the proliferating cells in T-CLL. PMID- 6977388 TI - Immunologic characterization of a helper T-cell lymphoma. AB - The lymphocytes of a patient with a T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with peripheral blood involvement and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia were characterized in terms of surface markers and immunologic functions. Using the fluorescence activated cell sorter and employing various monoclonal antibodies against T-cell surface antigens, it was shown that almost all of the patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes were positive for OKT4 and 9.3, antibodies that recognize helper T cell subset. The circulating lymphoma cells had typical characteristics for T cells; they formed spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and stained with the pan-T-cell antibodies 9.6 and 10.2, but did not react with other anti-T-cell monoclonal reagents such as OKT3, UCHT-1, and 3A1. The cells appeared to be mature by the fact that they did not stain with OKT6, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was undetectable. Functionally, they were able to provide "help" for antibody production, and they could be stimulated to produce moderate amounts of interleukin-2, while unable to proliferate in response to mitogens. Morphologically, some of the lymphocytes showed a deeply cleaved nucleus. PMID- 6977390 TI - Immunologic stimulation of early murine hematopoiesis and its abrogation by cyclosporin A. AB - Mice injected chronically with antiplatelet serum develop an increase in the number of megakaryocytic progenitor cells compared to animals given normal rabbit serum. To examine the specificity of this response, progenitor cells giving rise to megakaryocyte, granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, and mixed-cell colonies were assayed after injection of various heterosera or saline. All four colony types increased in the serum-treated groups. Since the in vitro proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells is promoted by supernatants of mitogen-stimulated spleen cells, we hypothesized that the immune response following antiserum administration resulted in the in vivo activation of T lymphocytes which produced or led to the production of colony stimulating activities. To test this hypothesis, cyclosporin A, a preferential inhibitor of T lymphocyte function, was given to mice concurrently with antiserum and also added to spleen cell cultures in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. Cyclosporin A abrogated the antiserum related increases in progenitor cell numbers in vivo and the production of colony stimulating activity in vitro. The results suggest that the immune response related to antiserum administration results in the in vivo production of hematopoietic colony stimulating activities that may be identical to those produced in vitro by mitogen-stimulation of spleen cells. PMID- 6977389 TI - Role of colony-stimulating activity in murine long-term bone marrow cultures: evidence for its production and consumption by the adherent cells. AB - The involvement of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in murine long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) was studied using bilayer agar cultures. The supernatants of LTBMC were removed, a layer of dense agar was spread over the cells adherent to the bottom of the flask, and fresh myeloid cells were plated as source of CFU C in an upper agar layer. Large numbers of granulocytic and macrophagic colonies developed regularly when target cells were plated over adherent cells of nonrecharged and greater than 12 wk old LTBMC that were hematopoietically inactive (i.e., producing a low number of nonadherent cells). The removal of adherent cells from the myeloid cells used as source of CFU-C did not decrease the number of colonies. This suggests that adherent cells of LTBMC release CSA that is directly active on CFU-C. This CSA was no longer detectable over adherent layers of hematopoietically active LTBMC. A close inverse relationship was demonstrated between the number of nonadherent cells harvested before the assay and the level of CSA. No inhibitor for CSA was demonstrated in the supernatant of hematopoietically active cultures. Murine exogenous CSA incubated over the adherent layer host its activity within 24 hr, whereas in the same conditions human CSA retained its activity. These data demonstrate the production of CSA by the adherent layer of LTBMC and strongly suggest its specific in situ consumption by differentiating myeloid cells. PMID- 6977391 TI - Two different types of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced by bovine lung tissue. AB - Bovine lung tissue produces two different types of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The high molecular weight (MW) type (CSF-F) of 70,000 d by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration is only found in conditioned medium of homogenized tissue incubated in sealed glass bottles. The species of CSF exclusively stimulates CFU C of mouse bone marrow, human bone marrow only hardly. The low MW type CSF (CSF M) of approximately 29,000 d by gel filtration is found mainly in conditioned medium of slightly minced tissue incubated in Petri dishes. It stimulates both human and mouse CFU-C. Methods to prepare both types of CSF are described. By propagating a fibroblast cell line from bovine lung tissue it was found that fibroblasts are the source of the 70,000 d CSF. Indirect evidence suggests that macrophages produce the 29,000 d CSF species. PMID- 6977392 TI - Comparison of currently available monoclonal antibodies with conventional markers for phenotyping of one hundred acute leukemias. AB - One hundred acute leukemia cell samples (89 ALL, 11 AMML) derived from children's bone marrow at diagnosis were typed for the reaction with 15 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Subdivision in ALL-subgroups was performed according to conventional markers. Only some mAbs like VIL-Al which is directed against the cALL-antigen, can substitute polyclonal rabbit antisera. Additional subclassifications became evident by the use of mAbs for T-cell differentiated ALL forms. However, unexpected negative reactions must be taken into account as observed for all T-directed mAbs with individual T-cell ALL samples. PMID- 6977393 TI - Self recognition in the regulation of immune reactivity. PMID- 6977394 TI - Lasers and fibreoptic endoscopy. PMID- 6977395 TI - Immunological profile of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. AB - The immunological profile of 58 patients with various stages of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was determined by using the local xenogeneic graft versus host reaction (GVHR) test, by skin testing with 3 recall antigens (candida, trichophyton, streptokinase-streptodornase) and by quantification of T lymphocytes. Thirty-two patients with low grade low stage tumours (Group A) showed only a slight impairment of the immunological profile with a slight decrease in T-lymphocytes, 4.4% negative GVHR tests and 31.2% negative skin tests. Ten patients with highly invasive inoperable tumours (Group B) showed a severe impairment of the immunological profile with a significant decrease in T lymphocytes, 100% negative GVHR and 80% negative skin tests. A marked improvement in the immunological profile was noted while comparing 9 patients who were examined within 6 months after cystectomy (Group CI) (severe decrease in T lymphocytes 44.4% negative GVHR tests and 66.6% negative skin tests) with 7 patients who were examined 18 months or more after operation (Group CII) (slight decrease in T-lymphocytes 0% negative GVHR and 42.8% negative skin tests). Incubation of T-lymphocytes with a thymic hormone (THF) caused an increase in the extent of the graft versus host reaction in 10 out of 14 patients with low grade low stage bladder tumours. This may represent an improvement in the functional activity of the T-lymphocytes with a possible therapeutic use in the future. PMID- 6977396 TI - HLA antigens in relationship to duodenal ulceration, gastric acid secretion and the clinical result following vagotomy. AB - The distribution of 20 HLA antigens was measured in 100 patients with a duodenal ulcer. An increase (P less than 0.05) in the incidence of the HLA-BW35 antigen was identified which conferred an increased risk factor of developing a duodenal ulcer of 2.7. The preoperative acid output in patients who had the BW35 antigen was significantly lower than that found in all other patients prior to surgery. The clinical outcome from definitive surgical treatment did not appear to be influenced by the HLA status of the patients. PMID- 6977397 TI - The complications of injection sclerotherapy of bleeding oesophageal varices. AB - The complications of injection sclerotherapy were retrospectively studied in 122 patients with acute variceal bleeding. Initial control of bleeding was achieved in 72.5 per cent of patients and the final success rate of sclerotherapy was 86.1 per cent. The overall morbidity rate was 30.3 per cent. Minor complications occurred in 13.9 per cent of patients and major complications were recorded in 16.4 per cent. Twenty patients developed complications directly attributable to sclerotherapy: 14 minor and 6 major. The overall mortality rate was 21.3 per cent, and 7.4 per cent of the patients died due to complications. Pulmonary complications occurred in 15 patients and resulted in 3 deaths. Retrosternal pain developed in 8 patients, but dysphagia and oesophageal ulceration were rare. No stricture was recorded. The incidence of liver failure in 17 Child's grade C cases was almost certainly a complication of the underlying disease rather than the injection therapy. It is suggested that injection sclerotherapy is an effective and relatively safe treatment for variceal bleeding. PMID- 6977398 TI - Effectiveness of some anions in sustaining the efferent inhibition in the frog labyrinth. AB - Efferent inhibition in the frog labyrinth is sustained by the release of acetylcholine (ACh) which opens a Cl(-)-channel in the hair cell membrane. To investigate more closely the nature of the permeability change underlying the ACh reaction, the external Cl(-) was replaced by anions of increasing hydrated size, and to test the possible role of a Cl(-)-pump in the sensory cells, drugs were applied which are known to block active cl(-) pumping in other systems. Experiments indicate that the ACh-operated inhibitory channel of the hair cell is larger than at other inhibitory synapses (or approximately 0.7 nm), while pharmacological treatments (DNP, NaN3, acetazolamide, ammonium acetate, DIDS) fail to demonstrate any active distribution of Cl(-) across the hair cell membrane. PMID- 6977399 TI - Two types of diencephalically driven RSA (theta) as a means of studying memory formation in mice. PMID- 6977400 TI - Epidermal growth factor in the healing of second degree burns: a controlled animal study. AB - The effects of the topical application of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the healing of partial-thickness scald burns in rats was evaluated. Time to complete healing, the rate of healing, daily percentage weight change, and cell growth were the measured parameters. We were able to demonstrate an insignificant healing advantage with the topical application of EGF, by itself or in combination with silver sulphadiazine. This insignificant healing advantage does not warrant clinical evaluation. PMID- 6977401 TI - Case of an anemic man with chest and abdominal pain. PMID- 6977402 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia. PMID- 6977403 TI - Factors predicting working status after aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - The working status of 1165 patients aged 59 years or less (mean 49.8 years) was evaluated 7 to 77 months (mean 36 months) after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Although 76% of the patients eventually returned to work, only 56% were working 6 months after their operation. The proportion of patients working peaked at 2 years after the operation (at 66%) and decreased progressively to 56% at 4 years and 53% at 5 years without ever reaching the proportions that applied 12 and 6 months before the operation (84% and 69% respectively). Multivariate analysis identified three socioeconomic and three clinical variables as predicting the working status at 6 months and at yearly points during the first 4 years after the operation. Of the socioeconomic variables analysed, preoperative unemployment of long duration, a preoperative occupation that required strenuous physical effort and a low level of education were, in that order, the strongest predictors of postoperative unemployment. Among the clinical variables, associated noncardiovascular illness and the severity and duration of angina pectoris independently influenced the patients' post-operative working status. The authors conclude that modification of some of these variables should by attempted both before and after aortocoronary bypass surgery to see whether the rate of return to employment after the operation can be improved in selected patients. PMID- 6977404 TI - Creation of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with a Gruntzig balloon catheter. PMID- 6977405 TI - Biologic markers and breast cancer: a multiparametric study--1. Increased serum protein levels. AB - From early 1972 to the end of 1976, the profiles of several serum protein were used to monitor disease stage and prognosis of 207 patients with breast cancer. Six of these proteins, alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha-AT), alpha 2-ceruloplasmin (Cp), beta 1-transferrin, IgA, C4, and C5, were significantly elevated in these cancer patients and were used as biologic markers in a multiparametric study. Among these breast cancer patients, 72% had at least two of these protein levels elevated, of which alpha-AT (55%), C5 (38%), and IgA (36%) levels were most commonly raised. The number of elevated proteins was parallel to disease progression as 61% (Group 1) and 74% (Group 2) of the patients with operable breast cancer and 90% of patients with metastatic disease showed an elevation of two or more of these nonspecific proteins. There was also a positive correlation between the number of elevated proteins and prognosis; of the 26 patients who died during the five-year follow-up, only four (15%) had no more than one protein level elevated, and 22 (85%) had two or more protein levels elevated. On the other hand, when considered as a group, patients with no or only one protein level elevated had a better prognosis than patients with two or more levels elevated (P less than 0.03). This multiparametric study tends to indicate that the high level of these serum proteins, reflecting an abnormal biochemical profile, provides valuable information that relates to the stage of the disease and patients' prognosis. Results also suggest that these proteins may aid in differentiating the group with high recurrent risks from that with a more favorable prognosis for a given clinical and pathologic stage, illustrating their importance as biologic markers in breast cancer. PMID- 6977406 TI - Hairy cell leukemia in three siblings: an apparent HLA-linked disease. AB - In a sibship of 11 adults the HLA haplotype A1, B7 occurred in four brothers, three of whom developed hairy cell leukemia (HCL) within a seven-year period. While this haplotype does not appear to occur with increased frequency in random cases of HCL, the fact that three cases of this uncommon and unique disorder occurred within one family and affected siblings with a common haplotype strongly suggests a genetic linkage. PMID- 6977407 TI - Effective multidrug, multimodality consolidation therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a preliminary report. AB - Twelve of 13 adult patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute undifferentiated leukemia, or convoluted T-cell lymphoma (T-cell ALL) who were treated with Adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone achieved a complete remission. An intensive consolidation regimen was administered. This regimen included Cytosine Arabinoside, L-asparaginase, and multiple courses of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone). In addition, cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate were administered. By actuarial estimate, 81% of previously untreated patients who achieved a complete remission will remain in remission for more than two years. PMID- 6977409 TI - Expression of initiated and promoted stages of irradiation carcinogenesis in vitro. AB - Evidence obtained utilizing X-irradiation and ultraviolet light irradiation with 12-O-tetradecanol-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for the induction of transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells (HEC) suggests that there is more than 1 type of initiation of carcinogenesis. Initiated HEC are phenotypically transformed in the presence of TPA (15--20-fold enhancement) but are not necessarily committed to be transformed because some colonies reverted to normal morphology when TPA was removed. Both initiated and promoted HEC are also sensitive to hamster lymphotoxin. The frequency of transformation was reduced by at least 70%. The ability to recognize discrete morphologically altered colonies after TPA addition in vitro indicates that promotion is not merely escape from growth control. PMID- 6977408 TI - Bone marrow and blood involvement by lymphoma in relationship to the Lukes- Collins classification. AB - The incidence, pattern, extent, and morphology of bone marrow involvement in 176 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were studied in relationship to the Lukes- Collins classification. Ninety percent of the cases were B-cell lymphomas; 10% were T-cell lymphomas. In 53% of cases there was bone marrow involvement by lymphoma at diagnosis. Marrow involvement was most frequently found in the small lymphocyte (B), small cleaved follicular center cell (FCC), and convoluted lymphocyte lymphomas. Frequently, the extent of bone marrow biopsy replacement by lymphoma was less than 30%; the pattern of infiltration was predominantly focal (70%). Cytologic agreement between lymph node and bone marrow specimens was always present in small lymphocyte (B), small noncleaved FCC, convoluted lymphocyte, and lymphoepithelioid cell lymphomas. Cytologic diversity between lymph node and marrow was noted in 20% of small cleaved FCC, 40% (2/5) of large cleaved FCC, and 38% (3/8) of large noncleaved FCC lymphomas. In 79% of all involved cases, both bone marrow biopsy sections and aspirate smears were diagnostic of NHL; only biopsy sections were positive in 18%, and only smears were positive in 3%. The Lukes--Collins classification predicts a high incidence of bone marrow involvement for small lymphocyte (B), small cleaved FCC, and convoluted lymphocyte lymphomas. PMID- 6977411 TI - Cytarabine in chronic T-cell neoplasms. PMID- 6977412 TI - [Antiglobulin cytotoxic test using 1:1000 SAGH - an optimum technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977414 TI - Surface glycoproteins of dividing and non-dividing thymocytes. PMID- 6977410 TI - Role of antitumor immunity in cyclophosphamide-induced rejection of subcutaneous nonpalpable MOPC-315 tumors. AB - Previously, we had reported that a single i.p. injection of 15 mg cyclophosphamide (CY) per kg cured most mice bearing large MOPC-315 tumors (20 to 25 mm; Day 12 to Day 16 tumors) but rarely cured mice bearing nonpalpable tumors (Day 4 tumors). Also, mice that were not cured if treated with CY, 15 mg/kg, when they had nonpalpable tumors could not be cured if treated again with CY, 15 mg/kg, when they had large tumors (14). Here, we show that CY therapy with 15 mg/kg at early stages of tumor growth did not lead to alteration in the biology of the tumor so as to cause an increased resistance to CY-tumoricidal effects, increased resistance to immune lysis, and/or decreased immunogenicity. Treatment of nonpalpable tumor bearers with CY, 15 mg/kg, prior to in vitro immunization of their spleen cells did not reduce the ability of the spleen cells to generate antitumor cytotoxicity in vitro. However, the level of antitumor cytotoxicity generated was lower than that exhibited by in vitro-immunized spleen cells from mice treated with CY, 15 mg/kg, when they had large tumors. With CY, 15 mg/kg, mice bearing nonpalpable tumors could be cured in two ways: (a) by treating a mouse bearing a nonpalpable tumor in the presence of a contralateral large tumor; (b) by adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells given 1 day post-CY therapy. Both procedures resulted in higher levels of antitumor immunity which was apparently responsible for the cure of the mice in cooperation with CY. Thus, the ineffectiveness of CY therapy with 15 mg/kg at early stages of tumor growth correlated with the presence of relatively low levels of host antitumor immunity. PMID- 6977416 TI - [Acute pancreatitis and diseases of the biliary pathways (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977415 TI - A growth factor produced by WEHI-3 cells for murine high proliferative potential GM-progenitor colony forming cells. PMID- 6977413 TI - Processing of cell debris suggestive and phagocytosis in the follicular cavities of the avian adenohypophysis. PMID- 6977418 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies]. PMID- 6977417 TI - [The Hemocult test for hospitalized patients]. PMID- 6977419 TI - Reversal of exercise-induced hemodynamic and electrocardiographic abnormalities after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Forty patients (35 men and five women) who experienced hypotension during maximal symptom-limited exercise test were retested after a 12 +/- 4-month interval. Mean age was 53.5 years. All patients had multiple-vessel disease. Seventeen patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery because of disabling angina, and 23 patients without disabling angina continued under medical management. At entry, there were no significant differences in age, left ventricular function or exercise performance between the medical and surgical groups. At follow-up, the surgical group showed an average increase in the exercise duration of 2.2 +/- 1.7 minutes (p less than 0.001), maximal heart rate of 17 +/- 15 beats/min (p less than 0.001), maximal systolic blood pressure of 26 +/- 23 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and maximal rate-pressure product of 60 +/- 41 (p less than 0.001). These measurements did not change significantly in the medically managed group. Exercise-induced hypotension is apparently caused by ischemic left ventricular dysfunction, since in the majority of patients, it is reversible after successful revascularization. This observation is supported by the lack of improvement in a comparable group of patients managed without surgery. PMID- 6977420 TI - Characterization of nontransmural myocardial infarction by positron-emission tomography. AB - The present study was performed to determine whether positron emission tomography (PET) performed after i.v. 11C-palmitate permits detection and characterization of nontransmural myocardial infarction. PET was performed after the i.v. injection of 11C-palmitate in 10 normal subjects, 24 patients with initial nontransmural myocardial infarction (defined electrocardiographically), and 22 patients with transmural infarction. Depressed accumulation of 11C-palmitate was detected with sagittal, coronal and transverse reconstructions, and quantified based on 14 contiguous transaxial reconstructions. Defects with homogeneously intense depression of accumulation of tracer were detected in all 22 patients with transmural infarction (100%). Abnormalities of the distribution of 11C palmitate in the myocardium were detected in 23 patients with nontransmural infarction (96%). Thallium scintigrams were abnormal in only 11 of 18 patients with nontransmural infarction (61%). Tomographically estimated infarct size was greater among patients with transmural infarction (50.4 +/- 7.8 PET-g-Eq/m2 [+/- SEM SEM]) compared with those with nontransmural infarction (19 +/- 4 PET-g-Eq, p less than 0.01). Residual accumulation of 11C-palmitate within regions of infarction was more intensely depressed among patients with transmural compared to nontransmural infarction (33 +/- 1 vs 39 +/- 1% maximal myocardial radioactivity, p less than 0.01). Thus, PET and metabolic imaging with 11C palmitate is a sensitive means of detecting, quantifying and characterizing nontransmural and transmural myocardial infarction. PMID- 6977421 TI - Lymphocytes with receptors for IgG and IgM in atopic eczema and their relationship to serum IgE levels. AB - Twenty patients with atopic eczema were compared with twenty non-atopic healthy controls. The atopic patients had significantly reduced percentages of lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG (EA gamma) in the peripheral blood. Percentages of lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc fragment of IgM (EA mu) did not differ significantly between the atopics and the controls. Serum IgE levels were significantly raised in the patient group and overall serum IgE levels were significantly inversely correlated with percentage EA gamma. Although significant (P = 0.007), this correlation was not strong (r = 0.43) and the relevance of this to atopic disease is discussed. PMID- 6977422 TI - Intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in atopic allergy. AB - In a population of over 200 patients with atopic bronchial disease, significantly increased frequencies of the alpha 1-antitrypsin Pi-types of intermediate deficiency (Pi MZ and Pi MS) were found. As far as we are aware of, this report is the first in which strictly objective criteria for patient classification with respect to atopy have been used. A possible biochemical basis for the phenomenon is presented. PMID- 6977423 TI - Autoantibodies in cystic fibrosis. AB - Autoantibodies to smooth muscle were found more frequently (21%) in the sera of patients with cystic fibrosis than in age- and sex-matched controls. This appears to be associated with liver involvement. There was no increase in the frequency of occurrence of antibodies to 'reticulin' or cell nuclei in the sera of patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6977424 TI - Serum CK-MB activity during and after aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - Frequent serum sampling of CK-MB and total CK levels was carried out in 100 patients during and up to 48 hours following aortocoronary bypass surgery. Using an ion exchange chromatography method for CK-MB determination, significantly higher serum CK-MB levels (peak 46.1 +/- 5.2 cf. 31.3 +/- 2.2 u/L), but not total CK levels were present 6 to 16 hours postoperatively in those with new Q waves in the ECG. Serum levels of CK-MB in those patients with uncomplicated surgery were defined. New post-operative Q waves were seen in only one half of cases with frankly abnormal CK-MB curves and seriously underestimated the incidence of perioperative infarction. Peak levels of CK-MB in patients with new Q waves occurred within 16 hours of surgery suggesting that infarction is usually an intraoperative or early post-operative event. PMID- 6977425 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding: an accessory spleen causing a false-positive Tc-99m sulfur colloid study. AB - A Tc-99m-sulfur colloid abdominal scan was performed on a 12-year-old girl to localize the site of gastrointestinal bleeding. The study was normal. When bleeding recurred two weeks later, a repeat study revealed a focal abnormality in the upper abdomen. This was thought to be compatible with a small bleed. However, at surgery an accessory spleen was found, accounting for the abnormal scan. PMID- 6977426 TI - Radiogallium scan in P. carinii pneumonia. AB - A gallium scan performed on a patient with fever of unknown origin (FUO) revealed an abnormal uptake of radiotracer in the lungs despite negative chest roentgenographic examination and other routine diagnostic studies. Subsequent lung biopsy results confirmed the presence of Pneumocystis (P.) carinii infection. A repeat gallium scan obtained following appropriate antibiotic therapy was essentially normal. The importance of radiogallium scanning in an immunosuppressed patient with FUO is emphasized. PMID- 6977427 TI - Bone mineral content of the lumbar spine in normal and osteoporotic women: cross sectional and longitudinal studies. AB - 1. Bone mineral content of the second, third and fourth lumbar vertebrae was determined in normal women and women with clinical osteoporosis by using dual photon (153Gd) absorption. 2. A cross-sectional study of 70 normal (aged 19-88 years) showed a bone loss of 44% from the age of around 34 years throughout life. 3. Longitudinal data from 59 normal women confirmed that the vertebral bone loss started before the menopause. An accelerated bone loss amounting to nearly 6% per year was seen immediately after the menopause. The bone loss of older women was slower. 4. Mean lumbar bone mineral content of 36 women (aged 48-93 years) with recent fractures of their femoral neck after minor trauma equalled that of aged matched normal women. Lumbar bone mineral content of the women with intratrochanteric femoral neck fractures was lower than that of the women with medial femoral neck fractures. 5. Mean lumbar bone mineral content of 72 women (aged 58-59 years) with primary osteoporosis was 41% lower than that of normal premenopausal women and 18% lower than that of age-matched controls. A weak inverse relationship between lumbar bone mineral content and the number of compression fractures was found. A weak inverse relationship between lumbar bone mineral content and the number of compression fractures was found. 6. Women with lumbar bone mineral content values below the 95% confidence limits for normal premenopausal women are at risk of future vertebral compression fractures, the fracture risk being inversely related to lumbar bone mineral content. PMID- 6977428 TI - Manometric oesophageal function, acid perfusion test and symptomatology in a 55 year-old general population. AB - The frequency of different kinds of oesophageal dysfunction (OD) as shown by manometry and acid perfusion test was investigated in a 55-year-old general population. OD was found in 34 +/- 8% (95% confidence interval). Seventeen per cent had signs of dysmotility, 14% of hiatal hernia, 6% of lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) hypotension, 5% had a positive acid perfusion test and 13% had more than one kind of OD. Symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux and chest symptoms were significantly more common in OD subjects than in subjects with normal oesophageal function. The oesophageal function tests had a capability in detecting 66% of subjects in the general population with heartburn or acid regurgitation, whereas they had a poor capability in detecting subjects with other oesophageal related symptoms. This investigation can therefore not answer the question whether our criteria for OD is clinically relevant or not. Irrespective of this, it is important to know the frequency of OD in the general population if the relevance of the OD frequency in hospital patient materials is to be evaluated. PMID- 6977429 TI - [Effects of opioids "in vivo" on blast transformation of T-lymphocytes induced with phytohemagglutinins]. PMID- 6977430 TI - Hepatic binding of modified glycoproteins in some species of vertebrates. AB - 1. Binding activities of hepatic extracts of the rat, chicken, frog and fish for 125I-labeled asialo-, agalacto-, and aN-acetylglucosamino-derivatives of orosomucoid and haptoglobin, were determined. 2. Hepatic receptors of the rat were found to bind preferably asialo-derivatives, those of the chicken agalacto ones. 3. Hepatic receptors of lower vertebrates showed much lower affinity, in the case of the frog for all the modified glycoproteins whereas in the case of the fish with the exception of aN-acetylglucosamino-derivatives which were not bound at all. 4. Specific binding of derivatives of orosomucoid was higher than that of haptoglobin but equal in terms of molarity. PMID- 6977431 TI - Emission computer tomoventriculography. AB - The method of equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography relies on ECG synchronized scintigraphic data acquisition. In addition, the authors used respiratory phase synchronization. Combining the equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography with emission computer tomography (ECT), they obtained transverse heart images in different phases of the cardiac cycle. Through addition of the third dimension the images enhance the quality of studies of the heart. PMID- 6977432 TI - Transmembrane components of taurine flux across frog retinal pigment epithelium. AB - In previous work from this laboratory, a net transepithelial flux of the amino acid taurine was measured across the in vitro frog retinal pigment epithelium. This flux was from retina to choroid and could be modulated by small (0.5 mM) changes in K+ concentration, by changes in taurine concentration, and by ouabain. In the present experiments we measured the unidirectional transmembrane fluxes across each of the two cell membranes, the apical membrane (facing the neural retina) and the basal membrane (facing the choroid) of the retinal pigment epithelium. In modified Ringer's solution containing 2mM taurine + 2mM K+, we found that the apparent outward permeability of the basal membrane, corrected for its actual area, was 26 times that of the apical membrane. As expected from the direction of net flux, the inward apical and outward basal fluxes dominated the transmembrane fluxes. When the apical Na+:K+ pump was inhibited, the ratio of the apparent permeability of the basal membrane relative to the apical decreased from 26 to 4.4. The data are consistent with the previous suggestion of Na+:taurine co transport into the retinal pigment epithelium across the apical membrane. The basal membrane response to ouabain and reduced K+ concentration suggests that a K+-dependent mechanism is responsible, at least in part, for the inward basal taurine flux. PMID- 6977433 TI - [Industrial and pharmaceutical novelties. Prontalgin]. PMID- 6977434 TI - Contrasting effects of clonidine and 5-hydroxytryptophan on spinal sympathetic pathways. AB - The effects of clonidine HCI were compared with those of 5-HTP on transmission through two spinal sympathetic pathways, segmental spinal reflex pathways and descending intraspinal excitatory pathways, in unanesthetized spinal cats. Evoked sympathetic discharges were recorded from upper thoracic preganglionic rami. Clonidine (5-50 microgram/kg) produced a parallel, dose-dependent depression of transmission through each pathway. The intraspinal pathway was five time more sensitive than the spinal reflex pathway (ED50's, 6 and 30 microgram/kg), and the spinal reflex pathway could not be depressed by more than 60% even by higher doses. In contrast, 5-HTP was more effective in depressing the spinal reflex than the intraspinal pathway (ED50's 32 and 44 mg/kg), and both pathways could be depressed completely. Small doses of tolazoline or yohimbine rapidly antagonized the effects of clonidine but not 5-HTP. Clonidine and 5-HTP appear to depress the excitability of sympathetic preganglionic neurons by activating alpha2- and 5-HT receptors, respectively. Each mechanism may contribute independently to regulation of the sympathetic outflow. PMID- 6977435 TI - [Reticulosis X. First case in Dakar with dominant pulmonary manifestations]. PMID- 6977436 TI - [Changes in the activity of the brain monoaminergic systems in adaptation to high altitude]. PMID- 6977437 TI - [[Raman spectrum study of nerves during the conduction and blocking of excitation]. PMID- 6977438 TI - [Morphological findings in the distal end of the oesophagus after sclerosis of bleeding varices (author's transl)]. AB - The morphological changes in the distal oesophagus occurring after tube treatment, sclerosis and/or shunt operation for acutely bleeding oesophageal varices were investigated in 29 post mortems between March 1979 and April 1980. In addition three oesophagi were investigated after sclerosis several months previously. As was to be expected the oesophagi showed no specific changes after recent porto-caval shunts. In contrast there were definite histological differences after tube treatment as opposed to sclerosis. After compression tubes the oesophagi showed focal pressure necroses and ulcers. In the sclerosed oesophagi there frequent widespread, partially transmural, necroses, suppurative inflammation of the oesophageal wall and mediastinitis. Serious complications occurring after sclerosis were perforation with mediastinal abscess, pleuritis and severe paraoesophageal haemorrhage. In the prevention of complications after sclerosis both the injection technique and the choice of sclerosing agent are important. PMID- 6977440 TI - Thyroxine reverses deficits of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in submandibular glands of mice with muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6977439 TI - Amphibian neurotensin (NT) is not xenopsin (XP): dual presence of NT-like and XP like peptides in various amphibia. AB - To clarify whether xenopsin (XP) is the amphibian counterpart of mammalian neurotensin (NT), extracts of skin, brain, and intestine from representative amphibians were subjected to immunochemical, chromatographic, and biological analyses. The results indicated the dual presence of NT- and XP-like peptides in extracts of tissues from Xenopus laevis, Rana catesbeiana, Rana pipiens, Bufo marinus, Bufo americanus, and Necturus maculosus, which were separated during gel chromatography on Sephadex G-25 and high pressure liquid chromatography on mu Bondapak C-18. Immunochemical studies, employing three different region-specific antisera toward NT (ox and man) and one antiserum towards XP (Xenopus laevis), indicated that the NT-like peptides shared COOH-terminal homologies with NT and differed at their NH2-termini. TWo classes of NT-like peptides could be distinguished on the basis of their distributions in tissues and their cross reactivities with the antisera; immunoreactive NT measured using antiserum HC-8 tended to be found primarily in brain and intestine, whereas that reactive with antiserum PGL-4 was most concentrated in stomach, liver, and pancreas. Although also present in brain and intestine, immunoreactive XP was highest in stomach, pancreas, and skin. Partially purified immunoreactive NT and XP obtained from gastrointestinal tissues of Xenopus laevis and Bufo marinus were shown to increase the hematocrit and induce cyanosis in anesthesized rats. These findings indicate the presence of both NT- and XP-like peptides in neural and gastrointestinal tissues from several amphibia and suggest the possibility that XP-like peptides (apart from NT) may exist in other animals. PMID- 6977441 TI - Varices of the entire colon-an unusual cause of recurrent intestinal bleeding. PMID- 6977442 TI - Altered vascular responsiveness in isolated perfused lungs from aging rats. AB - Systemic vascular hyporesponsiveness has been well documented in aged rats, but a similar decreased vasoreactivity of the pulmonary vasculature has not been reported. Isolated lungs from young (3-5 months) and middle-aged (12-14 months) rats were perfused with whole blood and challenged alternately with alveolar hypoxia, angiotensin II, and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was less in the aging rats during both 5-min and 10-min hypoxic exposures. Likewise, log-dose response curves for angiotensin II and 5 hydroxytryptamine were right-shifted in the aging rats, indicating decreased responsiveness to the vasoactive agents. Since the vascular responses to all three vasoconstrictors were lower in the older animals, a generalized pulmonary vascular hyporeactivity with advancing age is suggested. PMID- 6977443 TI - Mortality among PVC-fabricating employees. AB - The results of a cross-sectional mortality study of 3847 deaths occurring among current and former (white) employees of 17 PVC fabricators during 1964-1973 are presented. Sex-race-cause-specific proportionate mortality ratios (PMR's) were computed by using two separate standards: one, the U.S. mortality in 1968; the second, U.S. mortality for the individual years 1964-1973. In addition, a case control analysis, based upon 44 breast cancer deaths among white female employees, is presented. PMR's are significantly different from unity for all cancers, and for cancers of the digestive system among both white males and white females. Although observed deaths significantly exceeded expectations for cancer of the breast, a subsequent case-control analysis reveals no statistically significant relative risks for breast cancer. PMID- 6977444 TI - Assessment of the health effects of atmospheric sulfur oxides and particulate matter: evidence from observational studies. AB - Steadily rising energy costs have increased the need for reliable information on the health effects of atmospheric sulfur oxides and particulate matter. Because ethical and practical considerations limit studies of this question under controlled conditions, observational studies provide an important part of the relevant information. This paper examines the currently available epidemiologic evidence from population studies of the health effects of these pollutants. Nonexperimental studies also have important limitations, including the inability to measure accurately the exposure burden of free living individuals, and the potential for serious confounding by other factors affecting health. We begin with a discussion of some of these methodologic issues. The evidence is then reviewed, first in association with fluctuations in 24 hr mean concentration of sulfur oxides and particulate matter, and then in association with differences in mean annual concentration. In the last section, this evidence is summarized and used to approximate the exposure-response relationship linking pollutant concentrations with mortality and morbidity levels. PMID- 6977445 TI - Report of the Federal Panel on Formaldehyde. AB - The Federal Panel on Formaldehyde concluded that definitive experiments exist which demonstrate the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of formaldehyde under laboratory conditions. Formaldehyde induces both gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations in a variety of test systems. Inhalation of formaldehyde causes cancer of the nose in rats. The concentrations of formaldehyde in inhaled air that caused nasal cancer in Fisher 344 rats are within the same order of magnitude as those to which humans may be exposed. The data presently available do not permit a direct assessment of the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde to man. Epidemiologic studies on exposed human populations are in progress and may further clarify the situation. Other experimental and human studies on toxic effects such as teratogenicity and reproductive disorders are as yet inadequate for a health risk assessment. The CIIT 24 month study on animal carcinogenicity has not yet been completely evaluated. Additional data are expected on the effects of prolonged exposure to lower doses of formaldehyde and on the possible carcinogenicity of formaldehyde in the mouse. The panel recommends that, for a comprehensive health risk assessment, further experiments be conducted on the effects of other modes of exposure (ingestion and skin penetration), the effects in humans, and on the pharmacokinetics of formaldehyde in man and animals and the possible role for formaldehyde in reproductive and chronic respiratory disorders. It is the conclusion of the panel that formaldehyde should be presumed to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans. PMID- 6977446 TI - cAMP receptor proteins and protein kinases in human lymphocytes: fundamental alterations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. PMID- 6977447 TI - 1H NMR studies of the binding of bacteriophage-M13-encoded gene-5 protein to oligo(deoxyadenylic acid)s of varying length. AB - The binding of gene-5 protein to oligo(deoxyadenylic acid)s varying in length from 2 to 16 nucleotides has been studied by titrating the protein with the oligonucleotides and recording the 1H NMR spectra at 360 MHz. To obtain information about the mode of binding of the protein the aromatic parts of the spectra have been analysed by performing spectral simulations, starting from the assignments obtained from nuclear Overhausfer enhancements at 500 MHz [Alma, N. C. M., Harmsen, B. J. M., Hull, W. E., Van der Marel, G., Van Boom, J.H., and Hilbers, C. W. (1981) Biochemistry, 20, 4419-4428]. The 1H NMR spectra of the complexes of gene-5 protein with (dA)8, (dA)12 and (dA)16 appear to be identical except for differences in linewidth. The 1H NMR spectra of the complexes with the smaller oligonucleotides (dA)2, (dA)3 and (dA)4 differ from each other and from the spectra obtained from the complexes with longer oligonucleotides. However, binding of all oligonucleotides basically influences the same aromatic residues, namely two tyrosines and one phenylalanine. In the protein-oligonucleotide complexes, one protein monomer covers three nucleotide residues, in contrast to the stoichiometry of 1:4 found for protein-polynucleotide complexes. It was found that the binding to oligonucleotides is cooperative and ionic-strength-dependent but far less so than found for the binding to polynucleotides. PMID- 6977449 TI - Rehabilitation of micturition in patients with incomplete spinal cord lesions by transurethral electrostimulation of the bladder. AB - Since the first description of the method of transurethral electrostimulation by Katona in 1956, controversial opinions have been published. In contrast to other types of electrical bladder stimulation the physiological basis for this method of treatment is the stimulation of receptors in the bladder wall. With the help of forceful stimuli damaged neurons may be activated leading to clinical success. This report presents our results over a 4-year period using stimulation parameters other than those published to date and studying the effects objectively by using urodynamic techniques. The results obtained in 30 adults with neurogenic bladder disturbance due to incomplete traumatic cord lesions will be presented under the following headings; development or alteration of bladder sensation or of detrusor contraction, the achievement of bladder control and the efficiency of micturition as shown by the decrease of residual urine. The method is helpful in the restoration of micturition in patients with incomplete traumatic spinal cord lesions: 26 out of 30 patients gained perfect bladder sensation, 25 of them achieved satisfactory bladder contractions, 28 ended the stimulation program with a residual below 50 cm3 and 17 out of 30 gained perfect bladder control, 10 others became at least socially dry without need for pads or urinals. PMID- 6977450 TI - Reduction of PWM-induced Ig secretion by blood lymphocytes following local radiation therapy for breast cancer. PMID- 6977448 TI - Acute reactive stage proteins in gynaecologic cancers. AB - The authors report the plasmatic variations of ARPS (acute reactive proteins stage) in fifty eight women, admitted to the Obstetric and Gynaecological Clinic of Padua's University in the years 1978-1979 aged between 35 and 80 years old; those patients were affected by different types of gynaecological neoplasms: twenty three had cervical cancer, eight endometrial cancer, twenty six ovarian cancer. An evident increase was seen in the ARPS in the patients studied. In particular there was an increase in he haptoglobin in the ovarian cancer patients as well as an increase in the alpha-1 antitrypsin in the cervical cancer patients. Regarding ARPS and the clinical stage of the tumour the variations were important between T0 and T1 that is between tumours localized in the affected organ and those outside the primitive site but always in the pelvis. No evident alterations were found between T1 or T2; there was no other increase in the ARPS in neoplasm outside the pelvis. PMID- 6977451 TI - Expression of Qat-4 and Qat-5 alloantigens on cytotoxic precursor and effector cells: different surface phenotypes of alloreactive and H-2 restricted cytotoxic T cells. AB - Monoclonal anti-Qat-4 and anti-Qat-5 antibodies, which define antigens expressed on peripheral T cell subsets, have been used to study the phenotypes of alloreactive and H-2-restricted cytotoxic effector cells and their precursors. Depletion of Qat-4+ or Qat-5% cells from the T cell pool prior to their sensitization in bulk cultures prevented the development of alloreactive and H-2 restricted cytotoxic activities in the selected populations. No reconstitution of cytolytic activities to normal levels was obtained when mixtures of Qat-4- and Qat-5- cells were sensitized in bulk cultures to H-2 or non-H-2 antigens. Sensitization of limiting numbers of Qat-4- or Qat-5- lymphocytes under optimal conditions for help (interleukin 2), with the appropriated antigens (H-2 or H-Y) did not result in the generation of cytotoxic T cells, indicating that the majority of all cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors are Qat-4+, Qat-5+. When CTL effector populations were treated with the antisera and complement (C) at their maximum CTL activity, it was found that H-2-restricted CTL were totally eliminated by anti-Qat-4 and considerably reduced by anti-Qat-5 antisera and C. In contrast, alloreactive CTL effector cells were insensitive to anti-Qat-4 and to anti-Qat-5 plus C. Although alloreactive CTL effector populations regained some Qat-4 antigens during further in vitro culture, it was shown that H-2 restricted CTL were at all times more sensitive to anti-Qat-4 than were alloreactive CTL. The findings suggest that during maturation of alloreactive and H-2-restricted CTL from their precursors, both alloantigens undergo differential quantitative variations in their expression that lead to different Qat-4,5 phenotypes of alloreactive and H-2-restricted CTL. PMID- 6977452 TI - Inhibition of murine T cell-mediated cytolysis and T cell proliferation by a rat monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitating two lymphoid cell surface polypeptides of 94 000 and 180 000 molecular weight. AB - The monoclonal antibody methodology was use to identify membrane structures involved in T cell functions. To optimize chances to produce and detect relevant antibodies, a xenogeneic sensitization protocol was utilized and hybridoma supernatants were screened, on functional rather than structural grounds, for their ability to inhibit a given function. The test function was T cell-mediated cytolysis. Mouse cytolytic anti-allogeneic cell populations were used to sensitize a rat, the spleen cells of which were fused to produce hybridomas; the supernatants of the latter were screened for their ability to inhibit mouse T cell-mediated cytolysis in vitro. Several inhibitory antibodies were obtained, one of which, H35-89.9 monoclonal antibody, was studied in more detail. It inhibited specific and concanavalin A (Con A)-mediated cytolysis by T cells, by acting on the effector cells. It reversibly inhibited soluble antigen-, alloantigen and Con A-induced T cell proliferation (but not LPS-induced B cell proliferation), after the production of interleukin 2, by acting on the responder cells. It also had a desagglutinating effect on Con A and LPS blasts and on EL4 cells. In immunoprecipitated from thymocyte membrane preparations two structures of 94 000 and 180 000 apparent molecular weight, and recognized cell surface determinants on both T and B lymphocytes. Our findings suggest that several antibodies directed against distinct effector cell membrane structures inhibit cytolysis. The case of H35-89.9 monoclonal antibody, which exerts multiple functional effects and immunoprecipitates two membrane polypeptides, raises the problem of the various possible relationships between these structures and functions. PMID- 6977453 TI - Monoclonal antibodies OKT 11 and OKT 11A have pan-T reactivity and block sheep erythrocyte "receptors". AB - Monoclonal antibodies OKT11 (gamma 1) and OKT11A (gamma 2) are described and appear to have similar binding specificities. They bind, in immunofluorescence, with greater than 95% of infant thymocytes, staining both cortical and medullary cells, 65-80% of blood lymphocytes and selectively stain the T cell-dependent paracortical areas of tonsil. A small proportion (9-12%) of bone marrow lymphocytes stain, but this population excludes the terminal transferase-positive cells. Both the gamma 1 and gamma 2 antibodies stain the surface membrane Ig negative lymphocytes in blood and tonsil and are to block sheep E rosette formation (to normal or leukemic T cells). In contrast, other monoclonal anti-T reagents tested (OKT1, OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, OKT8, OKT9, OKT10) did not block E rosette formation. E rosette formation and OKT11 bindings are coincident on T-ALL cell lines and both are trypsin-sensitive. In a series of 145 leukemias and 26 leukemic cell lines investigated, only leukemias with a T cell phenotype including E rosette positivity were reactive with OKT11 and OKT11A. OKT11A binds to a polypeptide of approximately 50 000 molecular weight on thymic lymphocytes. This structure may carry the recognition site for sheep erythrocytes. These antibodies provide additional useful markers for T cell analysis and are of potential therapeutic value. PMID- 6977455 TI - Lack of erythroid burst-promoting activity in the media conditioned by eleven human T cell leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. AB - Eleven human T cell leukemia-lymphoma cell lines were tested to determine whether or not they released a product into their media which could stimulate erythroid colony formation by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. None of the cell lines studied released erythroid burst-promoting activity detectable in our culture conditions. PMID- 6977454 TI - Differential effects of glucocorticosteroids on the functions of subpopulations of helper T lymphocytes. AB - The in vitro effects of dexamethasone on the activities of Th1 and Th2 helper cell subpopulations were examined in secondary (IgG) responses to hapten-carrier conjugates under conditions where the selective or dominant expression of their individual activities could be observed. In the induction of IgG anti-hapten responses, carrier-primed Th1 cells cooperate with hapten-primed B cells by linked recognition of antigen, while carrier-primed Th2 cells cooperate with hapten-specific B cells by unlinked recognition of antigen. The function of carrier-primed Th1 cells was resistant to inactivation by dexamethasone. In contrast, the function of carrier-primed Th2 cells was abolished in the presence of pharmacologic concentrations of the steroid. The differential effects of dexamethosone on the activities of the two subpopulations of helper T cells could not be attributed to selective inhibition of a subpopulation of B cells which cooperate with Th2 cells. PMID- 6977456 TI - Kinetics of the formation of pure and heterogeneous megakaryocyte colonies by megakaryocyte progenitor cells in vitro. AB - The formation of pure and heterogeneous megakaryocyte colonies in vitro by megakaryocyte progenitor cells was studied using a whole plate stain for acetylcholinesterase to identify megakaryocyte colonies. In cultures of 75,000 C57BL marrow cells, maximal numbers of 11 +/- 5 (mean +/- standard deviation) pure and 6 +/- 1 heterogeneous colonies were reached after 6-7 days of incubation, after which megakaryocyte colony degeneration was marked. The ratio of pure: heterogeneous colonies remained constant at 2:1 both during the incubation period, and when different concentrations of megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor (MEG-CSF) and different numbers of cells per culture were used. The average size of both pure and heterogeneous colonies increased during the incubation period to maximal colony sizes of 15 +/- 13 cells per pure colony and 264 +/- 300 cells per heterogeneous colony. Sequential analysis of individual colonies in situ failed to demonstrate an increase in the size of individual pure colonies, but the enlargement of individual heterogeneous colonies was observed. PMID- 6977457 TI - Human primary lymphocyte colony formation in agar culture: polyclonal origin and significance. AB - Primary human lymphocyte colonies, which grow on the surface of agar culture under PHA stimulation, arise from more than one progenitor cell: they contain both type A and B of G6PD when the donor is heterozygous for the isoenzymes. The distribution pattern of electrophoretic bands indicates that, on the average, two T lymphocyte clones proliferate per colony. Colony formation in the present circumstances appears as an in vitro system more suitable for the study of cellular cooperation between a limited number of cells than for the characterization of immature lymphocyte precursors in man. PMID- 6977458 TI - Similarity of CSF of media conditioned by different human tissues. AB - Conditioned media prepared using human placenta, spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood leucocytes revealed a common pattern of two distinct species of colony-stimulating factors (CSF) separable by gel filtration. The peak of greatest activity, active against both human and mouse marrow, had an apparent molecular weight (MW) of 24,000-28,000 Daltons. A peak of low activity detected only against mouse marrow had an apparent MW of approximately 150,000 Daltons. The type of progenitor cells stimulated by the crude medium, by the low MW CSF species, and by the high MW species were similar for the four conditioned media despite their different origins. No difference was found in either the MW of the human active CSF present or the type of progenitor cells stimulated by media conditioned with cells of leukemic origin. PMID- 6977459 TI - Predominance of macrophage-colony formation in human cord blood. AB - To clarify understanding of the characteristics of granulopoiesis during early infancy, we investigated the colony-forming unit in culture (CFUC), in cord blood (CB), in peripheral blood (PB), and in bone marrow (BM) of infants. The macrophage-colonies (M-colonies) were always predominant in the study of colony formation by CB and PB cells from infants, regardless of the source of the CSF used. This result contradicts previous reports which concluded that the colonies were mainly granulocytic type. In the colony formation by BM cells from one-month old infants, the ratio of M-colonies was significantly higher than that of adult BM cells. The CSF produced by CB and PB mononuclear cells (MNC) from infants stimulated neutrophil-colony formation in the adult BM cells. PMID- 6977460 TI - Effect of 5'-deoxy-5'-S-isobutyl-thioadenosine (SIBA) on the disposition of 5' methylthioadenosine by isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6977461 TI - Chemical verification of the C1q receptor site on IgG. PMID- 6977462 TI - Unexplained enthalpy production in contracting skeletal muscles. AB - Energy balance experiments, testing the hypothesis that the observed enthalpy production can be accounted for by high-energy phosphate splitting, have shown that two additional sources of heat production not directly associated with high energy phosphate splitting per se can be observed during contraction. The first is an energy production occurring during the first 5 s of a maintained isometric tetanus (0 C), which amounts to about 25 mJ/g of muscle. Because the amount of this unexplained enthalpy is not altered by varying the amount of thick and thin filament overlap, it is suggested that it is associated with Ca2+ redistribution (and related binding) within the muscle cell during contraction. The second type of unexplained enthalpy production, amounting to 5-8 mJ/g, occurs when thick and thin filaments slide rapidly past one another. It is suggested that its production is associated with a redistribution of cross-bridge states upon transition from isometric to rapidly shortening contraction. Both types of unexplained enthalpy production are thought to be reversed by an ATP splitting subsequent to their production. PMID- 6977464 TI - Male fertility potential. PMID- 6977465 TI - [Relation between the spontaneous activity and dynamic characteristics of primary afferents of the lateral semicircular canal in frogs]. AB - Spontaneous activity (SA) and responses of 68 primary afferents of frog lateral semicircular canal to sinusoidal vibration (frequency band: 0.04-200 Hz, double peak amplitude up to 10 microns) of canal wall were studied in immobilized frogs. The regularity of SA was evaluated by coefficient of variation (CV). 12 units (17.6%) constituted the regular group (CV less than 0.3), 9 units (13.2%)--the irregular group (CV approximately equals 1.0), and 47 units (69.1%)--the intermediate one (CV =0.4-0.9). The correlation between background activity and responses is most clear for the regular group whose dynamic characteristics are: responses only "all round" type; narrow (0.04-0.4 Hz) band of effective vibration frequencies; large (up to 9 sec) time constant to step stimulus. The two other groups are clearly different in their frequency possibilities. The wide range afferents (identified as intermediate) are able to respond to wide band of vibration (0.04-180 Hz) and have the largest gain among the three groups. Their dynamic range is also wide. For high frequency (irregular) units effective band is from 20-60 Hz (from below) up to 120-180 Hz (from above). They may be identified as real vibroreceptors. The other characteristics (CV, time constant to step stimulus, etc.) in the two last groups smoothly pass on from one group to another. PMID- 6977463 TI - Chemical energy balance in amphibian and mammalian muscles. AB - A quantitative comparison of the utilization of creatine phosphate and ATP during a muscle contraction with the extent of recovery oxygen consumption afterward is used to establish a biochemical energy balance. In prolonged contractions of sartorii from Rana temporaria and in tetani of mouse hindlimb muscles, the predicted stoichiometric relationship, delta approximately P/delta O2 = 6.2, is observed. Thus a simple energetic paradigm of a separable contractile and recovery phase is quantitatively valid. In contrast, in brief contractions of sartorii of R. pipiens and R. temporaria, the ratio of delta approximately P/delta O2 is lower than the predicted value of 6.2. This biochemical energy imbalance observed in brief tetani of frog muscles implies: 1) a significant and continued utilization of high-energy phosphates after mechanical relaxation and 2) that measurement of high-energy phosphate utilization during contraction does not measure the total energy cost for the contraction. In the fast, pale, mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle, phosphorylation in an 18,000-dalton myosin light chain occurred during contraction and was correlated with twofold decrease in the isometric maintenance energy cost. Thus the energy cost for maintaining isometric tension in fast and slow twitch mammalian muscles depends on the physiological conditions of the contraction and appears to be variable according to myosin light chain phosphorylation. PMID- 6977466 TI - [Tetraethylammonium elimination of the depolarization of the frog olfactory nerve fibers due to adequate stimulation]. PMID- 6977467 TI - Postoperative analgesia by percutaneous electrical stimulation in gynecology and obstetrics. AB - Percutaneous electrical stimulation (PES) for relief of acute postoperative pain was applied in 10 patients after cesarean section and in 20 women who had undergone various gynecological operations. Thirty other women, subjected to identical surgical interventions, served as controls. In the latter group, the electrodes were attached to a nonfunctioning apparatus. In all patients, including the controls, the two electrodes were introduced intradermally, one on each side of the incision. Implantation was carried out at the end of the surgical procedure while the patient was still anesthetized, and stimulation was commenced immediately. The electrical stimulation was applied continuously for 1 to 3 postoperative days. The generation of pulses was perceived by the patients as a tingling sensation. Complete pain relief was obtained in 40% of the patients treated with PES, whilst in 27% the pain was markedly diminished. Postoperative analgesic medication in this group was reduced by 50-80% as compared to the analgesic requirements in the control group. Other beneficial effects observed in the treated patients included early ambulation, early peristalsis, postpartum uterine contractions and absence of respiratory complications. PMID- 6977469 TI - [Effect of radiochemotherapy and splenectomy on lymphoid subclasses in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma in complete remission]. PMID- 6977468 TI - Natural cytotoxicity against chemically induced neurogenic rat tumors. AB - The 51Cr cytotoxicity assay was modified for ethylnitrosourea (ENU) and methylnitrosourea (MNU) induced rat neurogenic tumor cell lines. Investigations on "immune" lymphoid cytotoxicity showed little cytotoxicity above normal. Alteration in the level of lymphocytotoxicity was seen immediately after injection of a highly immunogenic tumor (EA-528). Natural cytotoxicity (NC) was present against all neurogenic tumor cell lines tested and xenogenic cell lines. The level of NC activity was dependent on age, specific tumor cell line and could be increased by isolating the nylon wool non-adherent "T" cell population. Allogenic WFu rat lymphocytes were tested for NC activity in vitro against CDF tumor cells. NC activity has potential use against these tumors in vivo. PMID- 6977470 TI - Effect of chronic aspirin ingestion on epithelial proliferation in rat fundus, antrum, and duodenum. AB - We studied the effect of chronic aspirin ingestion on gastroduodenal epithelial proliferation by feeding rats aspirin in the drinking water. A control group of rats received plain water. At the end of 4 wk, [3H]-thymidine was given intravenously to label proliferating cells, and the rats were killed 1 h later. Sections of fundus, antrum, and proximal duodenum were processed for light autoradiography. We found that chronic aspirin ingestion stimulated epithelial proliferation in fundic mucosa but had no effect in the antrum. In the duodenum, aspirin increased proliferation in the lowest four crypt-cell positions, which most likely indicates an increase in stem-cell production. None of the tissues contained evidence of inflammation or ulceration. The proliferative effects of aspirin may help explain the previously observed phenomenon of mucosal adaptation in the rat after repeated exposure to aspirin. Further, if human gastroduodenal epithelium responds in a similar manner to chronic aspirin exposure, the effects on proliferation may explain in part the distribution of aspirin-associated ulcers. PMID- 6977471 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and replacement therapy with pituitary homogenates or ovine prolactin on serum calcium, sodium, and magnesium concentrations in bullfrog tadpoles. PMID- 6977472 TI - The promoter-proximal region of the Bacillus licheniformis penicillinase gene: Nucleotide sequence and predicted leader peptide sequence. AB - Penicillinase (beta-lactamase) is a major species of secreted protein produced by Bacillus licheniformis 749. From the pTB2 recombinant plasmid containing the cloned entire penicillinase (penP) gene, we have isolated and sequenced a 446-bp HpaII fragment carrying the beginning of penP. The 3'-end coding region of 216-bp on this DNA fragment codes for the first 72 amino acids of the prepenicillinase protein. The deduced structure of the leader peptide consists of a 34 amino acid signal sequence with a hydrophilic N-terminal region and a central hydrophobic core. PMID- 6977473 TI - Histiocytosis X. PMID- 6977474 TI - Identification of two granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors from porcine leukocyte cultures. AB - Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors (CSF) were found in large-scale serum-free cultures of porcine blood leukocytes. The factors were concentrated from the conditioned culture medium of Concanavalin A-stimulated leukocytes using ammonium sulfate salting-out fractionation. The protein precipitate at 45-90% salt saturation contained two CSF types upon gel filtration on Sephadex G-100: One type was found to be active on mouse, but not on human bone marrow stem cells and had an apparent molecular mass of 85 000-100 000 Da; the other of about 40 000-45 000 Da stimulated both mouse and human bone marrow stem cells. PMID- 6977475 TI - Involvement of the thyroid gland in histiocytosis X. AB - A 27 month old white male infant clinically suspected of having histiocytosis X had an enlarged hard hypofunctioning thyroid. A needle biopsy of the thyroid showed disruption of the thyroid architecture by an infiltrate consisting of large histiocytes admixed with eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, confirming the clinical diagnosis of histiocytosis X. PMID- 6977476 TI - Determination of alpha-1-antitrypsin subtypes in the population of Rome: a study in ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing. PMID- 6977477 TI - Persistence of cells capable of T-cell growth factor production in long-term human t-lymphoblast cultures. AB - Human T-lymphoblasts maintained in culture for 1-2 months in T-cell growth factor conditioned medium continue growth when placed in fresh culture medium in the presence of phytohemagglutinin and irradiated adherent cells. In the absence of lectin, no growth occurs. Neither long-term cells nor irradiated adherent cells plus lectin produce soluble factors that stimulate long-term cell growth, but small amounts of this biologic activity can be detected in the culture medium when the two cell sets are mixed together. The data indicate that human long-term cell populations retain the ability to make enough TCGF to stimulate proliferation, but require physical contact with monocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin for this response to occur. PMID- 6977478 TI - Anti-self receptors. V. Properties of a mouse serum factor that blocks autorosetting receptors on lymphocytes. AB - Murine lymphocytes spontaneously bind autologous and allogeneic erythrocytes via receptors that primarily recognize self H-2L molecules on the erythrocyte surface. Normal mouse serum contains a factor, termed autorosette inhibition factor (AIF), that very effectively blocks autorosette formation. This paper describes experiments that determine the origin and nature of serum AIF. It was found that AIF lacks strain and species specificity, serum from several mammalian and non-mammalian species inhibiting the autorosetting of BALB/c thymocytes. However, mouse strains differed in the levels of AIF in their serum. Furthermore, AIF appears to directly interact with autorosetting receptors on lymphocytes as thymocytes from the BALB/c-H-2dm2 mutant strain, which lack autorosetting receptors, were unable to absorb the factor. Several lines of experimental evidence indicated that AIF is secreted by a population of short-lived, radiosensitive macrophages (or monocytes). Firstly, in vivo administration of the anti-macrophage agents carrageenan and silica profoundly depressed AIF levels in serum. Secondly, in vitro culturing of different lymphoid cells revealed that AIF is secreted by an adherent population of peritoneal cells. Thirdly, total body irradiation experiments demonstrated that AIF production is dependent upon a radiosensitive cell that is bone marrow derived. Finally, AIF was purified to homogeneity from mouse plasma and shown to be a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 84,000. PMID- 6977479 TI - Amplification of the polyclonal activation of human T cells. I. Null-cell products promote the polyclonal proliferation of T cells. AB - Synergy can be observed in the proliferative response to mitogens of cultures containing human T and Null cells when compared with those containing only highly purified cells of those two types. This synergy was analysed (i) by evaluation of the proliferative response at each step of the purification process leading to separation of T and Null cells; (ii) by back-mixing T and Nul cells at different rations; and (iii) by evaluation of the proliferative response of free suspension cultures of T cells overlaying a semi-solid layer containing Null cells, or of free suspension cultures of Null cells over a semi-solid culture layer of T cells. The following conclusions were reached: (i) purified Null cells are unresponsive to mitogen when cultured alone or in the presence of diffusible T cell products; (ii) the T cells are less responsive when cultured alone than in the presence of Null cells or diffusible Null cell products. Thus the synergistic effect observed between T and Null cells is not due to the promotion of Null-cell proliferation by T -cell products but can be accounted for by diffusible Null cell products enhancing the process of T lymphocyte activation by mitogens. PMID- 6977480 TI - Nature and mechanisms of action of co-operating cells controlling human T-colony formation. AB - The mechanisms of action and the nature of the co-operating cells (CC) controlling human T-lymphocyte-colony formation were investigated. Media conditioned by PHA-stimulated blood mononuclear cells (MC) were tested for their capacity to induce T-colony formation in the effluent cell population, obtained after anti (Fab')2 cell affinity chromatography of MC. This cell population has been previously shown to still contain T-colony-forming cells (TCFC), but to be devoid of a co-operating cell population essential for T-cell-colony growth, thus requiring a feeder layer containing media conditioned by PHA-stimulated MC in order to generate T colonies. Further evidence is also presented that: phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was necessary to two steps of T-colony formation: (i) for the production of colony promoting activity (CPA) by PHA-stimulated MC; (ii) for the induction of the TCFC to generate a colony, in the presence of CPA. There were high producers and low producers of CPA. The low CPA production observed with some donors could be explained by a suppressive effect mediated by phagocytic cells, presumably monocytes, whereas the cells retained on the anti (Fab')2 immunoadsorbent (mainly B cells) were able to produce very high CPA levels. PMID- 6977482 TI - In vitro responses to the liver antigen F. AB - In this paper we describe the first in vitro response to the liver alloantigen F. The anti-F response serves as a valuable model for autoimmune phenomena since priming appropriate strains of mice (responders) with allogeneic but not syngeneic type F leads to autoantibody production. The in vitro system is based on the proliferation of T cells, from mice primed in vivo with F, when coincubated with splenic adherent cells (SAC) prepulsed with F in vivo. The system displays two important correlates of the in vivo antibody response to F:1.T cells from mice primed with syngeneic F do not proliferate when incubated with SAC prepulsed with syngeneic F and 2. Mice that do not make antibody responses to allo F in vivo (DBA/2) do not show in vitro proliferative responses. These findings indicate that the proliferative assay is a good in vitro model for the F response. PMID- 6977481 TI - Tumour cell-antibody interactions. II. In vitro studies. AB - The interaction of L5178Y thymic lymphoma cells syngeneic to DBA/2 mice and of normal thymocytes with goat IgG antibodies was studied in vitro. Viable tumour and normal cells exerted a rapid, continuous and temperature-dependent destruction of antibody activity. Fractionation studies of culture supernatants from antibody-coated cells revealed that a significant portion of the antibody was completely degraded to amino acids. Tumour cells digested antibody more effectively than did normal lymphocytes. This observed degradation of antibody was most extensive at 37 degrees, significantly less at room temperature (23 degrees) and not detectable at 0 degrees. Undegraded antibody released from antibody-coated cells had also lost its antibody activity to a considerable extent. This was due to the formation of soluble antigen-antibody complexes, which was observed even at 0 degrees. Cells fixed with 10% formalin bound maximum amounts of antibody were incapable of digesting antibody even at 37 degrees and did not release immune complexes. These findings are of relevance to cancer immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy. PMID- 6977484 TI - Genetic regulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to poly (Tyr,Glu) poly(DLAla)--poly(Lys): expression of the genetic defect in the induction and manifestation phases in H-2s and H-2f mice. AB - The genetic defect of H-2s and H-2s non-responder mouse strains in both the induction and manifestation phases of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to poly(LTyr,LGlu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys)[(T,G)-A--L] was analysed. Utilizing an in vitro system to activate DTH effector T cells, we observed that non-adherent T cells of (H-2f X H-2b) F1 or (H-2s X H-2b)F1 responder mice, could not be activated on antigen bearing adherent cells of H-2f or H-2s haplotypes. On the other hand, these T cells were effectively sensitized on adherent cells derived from either F1 or parental (H-2b) responder mice. These results indicate that in these mouse strains the genetic defect, in the induction phase of DTH, is expressed at the level of the antigen presenting cell. In subsequent experiments, we were able to "correct' the non-responsiveness of H-2s recipients by transfer of educated and irradiated (H-2s X H-2b)F1 T cells together with normal F1 adherent cells. Normal non-adherent and nylon wool enriched T cells failed to restore these responses. Similarly, antigen-pulsed F1 irradiated peritoneal exudate cells could stimulate DTH responses in SJL recipients of (SJL X C57BL/6)F1 (T,G)-A--L educated cells. The genetic defect of H-2s mice in the manifestation phase of the DTH reaction is thus also expressed on the antigen presenting cell. PMID- 6977483 TI - Isolation of Clq-binding virus-antibody immune complexes from lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV)-infected mice. AB - A Sepharose-IgG-Clq sorbent has been successfully used to isolate circulating virus-antibody (virus Ab) complexes from serum of lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV)-infected mice. The chronological study demonstrated that although circulating LDV in persistently infected mice was complexed with IgG antibody, the virus-Ab complexes bound to the Clq sorbent only early during the infection. Inactivation of these Clq-isolated virus Ab complexes was accomplished with rabbit anti-mouse IgG but not anti-IgM. The critical time period for the demonstration of Clq-binding LDV-Ab complexes in serum was between 10 and 18 days postinoculation. The reasons for the apparent shift from Clq-binding virus-Ab complexes to non-Clq binding are not clear, however, possible explanations and implications in immune complex tissue injury are discussed. PMID- 6977485 TI - H-2 and viral haemagglutinin expression by influenza-infected cells; the proteins are close but do not cocap. AB - The proximity of H-2K and D antigens and influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) molecules on the surface of infected target cells was assessed by a topographical study using monoclonal antibodies to H-2 and to HA. The effect of pretreatment of fixed, infected cells with excess of one monoclonal antibody on the subsequent binding of a second radiolabelled antibody was measured. Using CBA mouse B lymphoblasts which were paraformaldehyde fixed 5 hr postinfection with influenza virus (A/USSR/90/77), pretreatment with monoclonal antibody 30/3 to H-2Kk and Dk partially blocked (Approximately equal to 37%) the binding of one radiolabelled monoclonal anti-HA antibody (264/2). A different monoclonal IgG (W18/1) directed to the same HA molecule was not blocked by similar pretreatment of cells with the anti-H-2 antibody. Interaction of monoclonal antibodies with their sites is highly specific, and mutual blocking of two antibodies requires very closely located sites even if the antibodies are directed to the same molecule. We therefore have evidence for proximity of H-2 and HA molecules; however, we were unable to demonstrate cocapping of H-2K and D antigens with influenza HA. PMID- 6977486 TI - Human post-thymic precursor cells in health and disease. V. Stimulatory effect of serum thymic factor on the cell cycle of autologous-rosette forming and T gamma cells. PMID- 6977487 TI - A general method for the cytochemical and ultrastructural studies of human lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - After incubation with monoclonal mouse antisera raised against membrane differentiation antigens, subsets of human lymphocytes can be detected by means of latex microspheres or ox erythrocytes coated with anti-mouse Ig antibodies. Optimal conditions are described using a panel of monoclonal antisera (Ortho Pharmaceuticals and New England Nuclear). The method is as sensitive as the complement-mediated microcytotoxicity assay, is rapid, easy to perform and permits exhaustive light and electron microscopic studies of lymphocytes bound to the carrier particles. The advantages of the simultaneous analysis of cytological features and monoclonal antibody-defined surface markers in normal and pathological individual lymphocytes are discussed with regard to lymphoid cell maturation and neoplastic lymphocyte classification. PMID- 6977488 TI - HLA-DR antigens induce proliferation and cytotoxicity of T cells against haptenated (TNP and FITC) self structures. AB - Antisera directed against the heavy, the light, or reactive against the complex of both chains of HLA-DR antigens strongly inhibited proliferation of T cells induced by TNP- or FITC-labeled autologous cells when added at initiation of the cultures, but not 72 h later. T cells from cultures treated with the anti-DR sera were unresponsive to interleukin-2 (IL-2). Nonetheless, the anti-DR sera did not inhibit proliferation of T cells that had already acquired sensitivity to IL-2. The DR antibodies abrogated the synthesis of IL-2 induced by both TNP-and FITC conjugated autologous cells. Treatment of TNP-and FITC-labeled autologous cell cultures with the four different types of anti-DR sera significantly inhibited the induction of cytotoxic T cells. However, DR antibodies added at the effector phase of cytotoxicity assays did not inhibit the cytotoxic activity. Effector T cells from cultures treated with the anti-DR sera were unresponsive to IL-2 and addition of IL-2 to these cultures did not restore the cytotoxic activity. In contrast, effector T cells from cultures performed in the absence of the anti-DR sera proliferated to Il-2 stimulation and addition of IL-2 to these cultures significantly increased the generation of killer cells specific for hapten labeled self structures. From these results we concluded the following: (1) Both the heavy and the light chains of Dr antigens participate actively in the activation of T cells by rendering resting T cells sensitive to IL-2 and by inducing production of the growth factor in TNP-and FITC-conjugated autologous cell cultures. (2) The heavy and light chains of the DR antigens play an essential role in the induction of cytotoxic T cells specific for hapten-labeled self structures, most likely by enabling cytotoxic T cells to respond to Il-2 and by inducing the IL-2 producer T cells to synthesize the growth factor. PMID- 6977489 TI - MHC restriction of male-antigen-specific T helper cells collaborating in antibody responses. AB - By priming female C57BL/6 mice with syngeneic male spleen cells and enriching inguinal and paraaortic lymph node cells in long-term culture (LTC) by repeated restimulations, H-Y-specific T helper cells can be produced. In response to male spleen cells carrying I-Ab antigens these cells activate "antigen-expressing" B cells to secrete polyclonal antibody. Before the end of the second week in LTC it was impossible to detect any helper activity. Induction of plaque-forming cells (PFC) also requires simultaneous recognition of antigen and I-A-encoded determinants in the "stimulator-responder" spleen-cell population. The testing of spleen cells from H-2 recombinant strains as "stimulator-responders" to anti-H-Y helper T cells of C57BL/6 origin also revealed that other genes, telomeric to I A, control the magnitude of both specific T-cell proliferation and helper dependent B-cell activation. PMID- 6977490 TI - Human T-B lymphoblast hybrids express HLA-DR specificities not expressed by either parent. PMID- 6977491 TI - Induction of C3b-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages by distinct populations of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lymphocytes. AB - Unelicited resident peritoneal macrophages do not significantly ingest erythrocytes coated with C3b. However, these resident macrophages can be induced to ingest via the C3b receptor when cocultured with peritoneal or splenic nonadherent cells obtained from mice previously injected with lipopolysaccharide. In this study, the extent of ingestion induced in resident macrophages was dependent on the number of stimulated nonadherent cells cocultured with the macrophages as well as on the amount of lipopolysaccharide injected in the mice from which the nonadherent cells were obtained. The ability of the stimulated nonadherent cells to convert resident macrophages to a state of C3b receptor mediated ingestion was not abrogated by the inclusion of polymyxin B in the cocultivation medium. To further characterize these nonadherent cells, different lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells were obtained by either nylon-wool filtration, depletion of C3b receptor-bearing cells, or depletion of Thy 1.2 positive cells. None of these populations by themselves were capable of inducing resident macrophages to ingest via the C3b receptor, whereas unfractionated cells were. However, coculture of resident macrophages with recombinations of splenic nylon-wool effluent (T cell-enriched) or bound (B cell-enriched) nonadherent cells from lipopolysaccharide-injected mice reconstituted the ability to induce ingestion via the C3b receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that one means by which lipopolysaccharide can induce C3b receptor-mediated ingestion by macrophages is through the cooperative effects of stimulated T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 6977492 TI - Epithelioid granuloma induced by muramyl dipeptide in immunologically deficient rats. AB - When WKA rats were either neonatally thymectomized or injected with anti-rat thymocyte sera, their T-cell functions were effectively suppressed. When neonatally thymectomized plus anti-rat thymocyte serum-treated rats were injected with non-immunogenic muramyl dipeptide in water-in-oil emulsion, they produced massive epithelioid granulomas. Essentially, no morphological difference was noticed between granulomas induced in untreated rats and in thymectomized plus anti-rat thymocyte serum-treated rats. These findings strongly suggest that muramyl dipeptide-induced epithelioid granulomas required no T cells for their formation. In contrast, the induction of adjuvant arthritis appeared to depend on the presence of T cells. PMID- 6977493 TI - Investigations on blood and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes in patients suffering from tick-borne encephalitis. AB - This paper deals with the immuno-pathological characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis. With the appearance of neurological signs, there is a strong T cell reaction in th peripheral blood. The following seven days are characterized by the appearance of specific cell-mediated reaction in the peripheral blood; in the cell-mediated reaction in the peripheral blood; in the cerebrospinal fluid, an increasing number of B cells and specific antibodies can be detected. After a week, the percent positivity of cell-mediated immune reactions is higher and there is a T cell dominance in the cerebrospinal fluid. Intact cellular immunity against specific antigen is required for the management of this disease. There are major differences in the results obtained from patients suffering from meningitis alone and those suffering from meningoencephalitis. PMID- 6977494 TI - Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in an adult. PMID- 6977495 TI - Immune responses in nonhaired mice. AB - Ten stocks and strains of genetically nonhaired mice were evaluated for the ability to respond to two mitogens (concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide) and to two antigens (sheep erythrocytes and pneumococcal polysaccharide, type III). The number of T and B lymphocytes in the thymus, spleen and pooled lymph nodes of individual animals were determined using immunofluorescent techniques; the values for each group of animals were found to be comparable. The antibody-forming ability was evaluated by determining the number of plaque-forming cells in the spleen after immunization with either antigen. All strains of mice responded to both antigens and the responses are discussed. All groups of mice responded to the mitogens tested. PMID- 6977496 TI - Association of anti-F (ab')2 antibodies (pepsin agglutinators) with immune complexes as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. AB - A solid-phase assay for the detection of anti-F(ab')2 antibodies is described. Wells of microtiter plates are coated with F(ab')2, dilutions of sera are added, and IgG bound to the solid phase is detected using peroxidase-labeled Protein A. Anti-F(ab')2 antibodies were found in 61% of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 77% with subacute bacterial endocarditis , and 34% with systemic lupus erythematosus. Simultaneous analysis of these sera for immune complexes (IC), using modified Clq and monoclonal rheumatoid factor assays, showed that a correlation existed between anti-F(ab')2 antibodies and the levels of IC. Characterization of anti-F(ab')2 antibodies by inhibition and absorption experiments and by immunological and physical means indicated that they were similar to serum proteins described in the 1960s and designated pepsin agglutinators. PMID- 6977498 TI - Induction of cytotoxic activity in human lymphocytes against autologous and allogeneic melanoma cells in vitro by culture with interleukin 2. AB - The influence of interleukin 2(IL2) on the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes from patients with melanoma against autologous and a variety of allogeneic melanoma cells was studied. IL2 was produced from blood lymphocytes cultured for 24 h with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and purified by membrane chromatography to exclude PHA. Lymphocytes from 13 patients with melanoma at various clinical stages were cultured fro 6 days with IL2 (2 U/ml) and then tested for cytotoxic activity against autologous melanoma cells, three allogeneic melanoma and three non melanoma cells. Autologous cytotoxicity was generated by culture with IL2 alone and was not increased by culture with both IL2 and autologous tumour cells. Marked increases in cytotoxic activity were also generated against the allogeneic target cells and were maximal against the NK-insensitive Chang target cells. Similar degrees of cytotoxicity were induced by IL2 stimulation of lymphocytes from melanoma patients, patients with nonmelanoma carcinoma and normal subjects against the allogeneic target cells. Cold target inhibition studies were carried out against IL2 induced autologous cytotoxicity in five patients. In four of five studies the autologous target cells inhibited more than the allogeneic target cells. There was no significant difference between the inhibition produced by allogeneic melanoma cells and that produced by non-melanoma cells. Similarly, in studies against allogeneic target cells, there was no significant difference in the inhibition produced by allogeneic melanoma compared to non-melanoma target cells. This applied irrespective of whether effector cells were from melanoma or non-melanoma subjects. These results suggest that lymphocytes from patients with melanoma are primed against autologous antigens in vivo and that provision of a second signal, IL2, in vitro can induce cytotoxicity against the autologous tumour. The cytotoxicity generated against the allogeneic target cells did not appear to have specificity to melanoma. Several results, such as the pattern of cytotoxicity against the target cells and change in cell surface markers on the lymphocytes during culture, suggested that cytotoxicity was mediated by activated T cells rather than by nature killer cells. These findings appear to have important implications both in the understanding of tumor host relationships and for the use of IL2 in therapy. PMID- 6977497 TI - [A chronological linkage technic of records and use of the obtained information. Application to the functional control of cardiac stimulators]. AB - The application of information processing to the study of the evolution of the patient's state requires the constituting of a file which contains the values of different items as functions of time. There are many methods for doing this and most of them appeal to the construction of a complex database. The technique presented in the paper paper tries at first to constitute, for each patient, some records, of which every one corresponds to a determined "operation' (the term "operation' is taken in the wide sense; example: consultation, surgical intervention,...) then to link them according to the chronological order. It has the advantage of being easy so that it may be used even on minicomputers. Furthermore, the exploitation of the resultant data file is very easy. This method is well suited to problems such as the examination of the longitudinal investigations, the treatment of records of the patients who went through several operations, etc. The application presented here is the checking of the functioning of pacemakers. We wrote on a minicomputer MITRA 15/125 transferable general program (using FORTRAN IV exclusively), which allows one to carry out the linking and to exploit the resultant file. It is so designed that the addition of new procedures involved in new applications may be very easy. PMID- 6977500 TI - Modulation of T leukaemic cell phenotype with phorbol ester. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies and other markers (e.g., terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, sheep erythrocyte rosettes, peanut agglutinin) have been used in conjunction with flow cytometry and biochemical analysis to monitor the induction of maturation in human thymic (T) leukaemic cell lines by phorbol ester (TPA). Seven cell lines underwent multiple phenotypic alterations in response to TPA but were unresponsive to synthetic thymic hormones (TP5, FTS) or to other compounds (e.g. DMSO, retinoic acid) which induce maturation in other types of leukaemia. The changes parallel those observed in normal T-cell differentiation and partly reflect alterations in glycosyl transferase activity, altered synthesis of proteins and regulation of cell surface receptors (for transferrin) associated with rapid growth and metabolism. These studies further illustrate the reversibility of maturation arrest in human leukaemia and provide support for the view that leukaemia may involve regulatory defects in the coupling of proliferation and maturation. Induction of promotion of terminal differentiation in leukaemic equivalents of T-cell precursors may provide a convenient system for the study of biochemical and molecular events involved in T cell development and diversification. PMID- 6977499 TI - Tumor immunity to murine plasma cell tumors. VII. Expression of H-2 and tumor antigens on Ig synthesis variants of MPC-11. AB - As a part of our continuing investigations directed toward defining the nature of the antigens on murine plasmacytomas (PCT), MPC-11 and two immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis variants of this cell line were examined for H-2 and tumor-associated antigen (TAA) expression, and for the possible role of H-2 in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to TAA. The tumor lines studied were MPC-11 (an IgG2b producer), MPC-11,662 (a variant which produces only light chains), and NP.2 (a variant which produces neither Ig chain). Both H-2 expression, which was analyzed by flow cytometry and by cold target cell blocking of the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated in allogeneic cultures, and TAA expression, which was analyzed by cold target cell blocking of the activity of tumor-specific CTL generated in syngeneic cultures, were found to be quantitatively similar on the three lines. When a possible association between H-2 and TAA expression was examined by testing the ability of anti H-2 sera to block tumor-specific CTL directed against MPC-11, no association between H-2 and TAA was detected. The results of these studies provide new information about H-2 and TAA expression on murine PCT. Furthermore, they suggest that changes in H-2 and TAA expression which have been reported to sometimes accompany loss of Ig synthesis may represent independent genetic, phenotypic, or metabolic variations, rather than alterations linked to the loss of Ig synthesis. In addition, these results, in agreement with out previous studies on MPC-11, support the concept that there is not an obligatory association of TAA with H-2 on the surface of murine PCT. Because these results differ from those reported in some other systems in which an association between H-2 and TAA on murine PCT was demonstrated, it must be emphasized that the TAA of PCT appear to be quite heterogeneous, and more investigations will be necessary in order to clearly define these antigen and the T-cell response to each of them. PMID- 6977501 TI - Regulation and role of different macrophage-and granulocyte-inducing proteins in normal and leukemic myeloid cells. AB - It has previously been shown that there are different molecular forms of macrophage-and granulocyte-inducing (MGI) proteins; one form, MGI-l, induced the formation of colonies with differentiated cells from normal myeloblasts and another form, MGI-2, induced normal differentiation in MGI+D+ leukemic myeloblasts that no longer require MGI-l to form colonies. The present results indicate that MGI-2 can also induce differentiation (without inducing colony formation) in the normal cells, and that MGI-l induced MIG-2 in the normal but not in the leukemic cells. It is suggested from these results that MGI-2 is the differentiation-inducing protein for normal and leukemic cells whereas MGI-l is the growth-inducing protein that induces colony formation by the normal cells, and that induction of differentiation in the normal cell colonies is due to induction of MGI-2 by MGI-l. PMID- 6977502 TI - High-frequency generation of new immunoresistant tumor variants during metastasis of a cloned murine tumor line (ESb). AB - A metastatic variant of a chemically induced lymphoma (ESb) from a DBA/2 mouse was found to activate in syngeneic hosts specific anti-tumor cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) which recognized on the tumor a distinct tumor-associated antigen. Upon metastasis of a cloned ESb tumor line from an s.c. site to the spleen, the tumor cells which were originally sensitive to lysis by anti-ESb CTL became specifically immunoresistant. The development of immunoresistant variants after tumor-cell transplantation followed a refined kinetic and organ pattern: they were first detected in the spleen, then also in the liver and in the late stage of tumor progression they were the predominant tumor type in all involved organs. No immunoresistant tumor variants were generated in immunoincompetent animals such as nude (nu/nu) mice. Immunoresistant variants also developed when immunosensitive ESb clones were inoculated into animals specifically preimmunized against ESb. In fact, these variants were the only type of cells eventually growing out from such animals causing death from metastasis in spite of the specific immune status of the host. The change of tumor antigen expression described here differs from antibody-induced antigenic modulation in that it is genetically transmitted and stable in tissue culture. The immunoresistant tumor variants which did not preexist in the starting, twice-cloned cell population represent a new type of immune escape variant. PMID- 6977504 TI - Repair of sublethal and potentially lethal damage in mouse kidney cells in situ using an in vitro colony method. PMID- 6977503 TI - Effects of in vivo treatments with cyclosporin-A on mouse cell-mediated immune responses. AB - The fungal metabolite Cyclosporin-A (CyA) was investigated for its activity on several cell-mediated immune responses. Oral administration of 70 mg kg-1 of CyA for 5 days to C3H/HeN mice completely abolished the in vivo antigen-dependent production of a lymphokine capable of increasing macrophage cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Moreover, spleen cells from CyA treated mice were significantly depressed in their ability to produce in vitro lymphokines in response to PHA, whereas only a slight depression was observed when ConA was employed to induce lymphokine production. In parallel to the depression of proliferation-independent immune response, spleen cells from CyA treated mice showed a strongly depressed proliferative response to PHA, marginal reduction being observed in the response to ConA. B-lymphocytes did not seem to be affected by in vivo treatment with CyA, judging from the proliferative responses to LPS. Macrophage responses also remained unaltered after CyA treatment. No depressions in natural or lymphokine induced macrophage cytotoxicity and in monokine production were in fact observed in CyA treated mice. Finally, a short-lived depression of natural killer (NK) activity was observed after CyA administration. These results indicate that in vivo CyA treatment selectively depressed cell-mediated functions of lymphocytes of the T-cell lineage. The hypothesis that T-cell lineage. The hypothesis that T helper lymphocytes are the preferential target of CyA immunodepression is discussed. PMID- 6977505 TI - Feeder cells and cell survival in spheroids and monolayers. PMID- 6977508 TI - Radiation-induced nervous system tumours in the rat. PMID- 6977506 TI - A mathematical model resolving normal human blood lymphocyte population x-ray survival curves into six components: radiosensitivity, death rate and size of two responding subpopulations. AB - The analysis was based on observations of survival decrease as a function of dose (range 0-5 Gy (= 500 rad) and time after irradiation in vitro. Since lymphocyte survival is also sensitive to culture conditions the effects of radiation were examined daily up to 3 days only, while survival of control cells remained ca. 90 per cent. The time-dependent changes were resolved as the death rates (first order governed) of lethally-hit cells (apparent survivors), so rendering these distinguishable from the morphologically identical, true (ultimate) survivors. For 12 blood donors the estimated dose permitting 37 per cent ultimate survival (D37 value) averaged 0.72 +/- 0.18 (SD) Gy for the more radiosensitive lymphocyte fraction and 2.50 +/- 0.67 Gy for the less radiosensitive, each fraction proving homogeneously radiosensitive and the latter identifying substantially in kind with T-type (E-rosetting lymphocytes). The half-life of lethally-hit members of either fraction varied widely among the donors (ranges, 25-104 hours and 11-40 hours, respectively). Survival curves reconstructed by summating the numerical estimates of the six parameters according to the theoretical model closely matched those observed experimentally (range in multiple correlation coefficient, 0.9709-0.9994 for all donors). This signified the absence of any additional, totally radioresistant cell fraction. PMID- 6977509 TI - Rejoining of DNA strand breaks after gamma-irradiation in cultured fish cells, CAF-MM1. PMID- 6977507 TI - Biological effects of Cf-252 neutrons at low dose rates. AB - The EMT6 tumour of the Balb/c mouse and the LSA ascites lymphoma of the C57BL/YM mouse have been used to study the effects of Cf-252 neutrons at low dose rates. EMT6 and LSA cells were irradiated in vitro in a hypoxic state; EMT6/KY cells were plated after exposure for colony-forming ability assays, while TD50 assays were used to test the tumour-forming ability of LSA cells. EMT6 cells showed r.b.e.n values of 5.3, 4.7, and 3.0 for Cf-252 dose rates of 26.8, 10.2, and 5.2 cGy/hour (= rad/hour), respectively, when compared to Cs-137 irradiations at dose rates of 79.7, 25.7 and 12.1 cGy/hour, respectively. The LSA ascites gave r.b.e.n values of 5.6 and 5.2 at dose rates of 27.0 and 6.94 cGy/hour of Cf-252, when compared to Cs-137 irradiations at 79.6 and 24.9 cGy/hour, respectively. However, changes in r.b.e. values for both systems were entirely dependent on comparison with Cs-137 survival curves. PMID- 6977512 TI - Research on multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6977510 TI - The effect of changes in cell geometry associated with freezing on the radiation dose from decay of internal isotopes. PMID- 6977511 TI - Multiple sclerosis in northern Italy. Prevalence in the province of Ferrara in 1978. AB - Most available Italian studies indicate that the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Italy is lower than 20 per 100,000. Much higher prevalence figures, however, have been recently found in small communities in Sicily. On this basis, it has been suggested that the frequency the MS in Italy has been seriously underestimated and that the true prevalence for MS is probably similar to that established for northern European countries. This paper reports the results of a survey of MS in the various public health districts of the province of Ferrara. The public health districts are homogeneous medical units serving small populations and therefore represent ideal areas for epidemiological purposes. The total prevalence rate of probable MS for the whole province has been found to be at least 26.9 per 100,000. This result supports the view that the frequency of MS in Italy is higher than that indicated by most published studies, but not that Italy is an area of high risk for MS. PMID- 6977513 TI - Epidemiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the province of Turin. AB - An epidemiological investigation on Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Turin and its province has been carried out for the period 1955-974. The incidence of the disease proved to be 24 X 10(-5), and the prevalence 2.15 X 10(-5). The mutation rate was 80 X 10(-6). The data are compared with the literature. Segregation analysis on many families was performed in order to find the theoretical number of carrier among Duchenne mothers. The importance of epidemiology for genetic counselling is stressed. PMID- 6977514 TI - Some immunological reactions during chronic treatment with antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 6977515 TI - Hydroquinone and catechol reduce the frequency of progenitor B lymphocytes in mouse spleen and bone marrow. AB - Hydroquinone and catechol are two metabolites of benzene that are potential inducers of hematotoxicity. We investigated the in vivo toxicity of these metabolites toward the development of polyclonal, plaque-forming cells (PC-PFC) from progenitor B lymphocytes. Dextran sulfate (DxS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or the two mitogens combined (DxS + LPS) were used to induce proliferation and maturation of these progenitors to PC-PFC. Groups of 4 C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 2 daily doses, either intravenously or intraperitoneally, of hydroquinone (100 mg/kg) or catechol (75 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days. Spleen and marrow cells were harvested for culture 1 day later. The results demonstrated that both metabolites were cytotoxic to spleen cells. Hydroquinone (100 mg/kg) also reduced marrow cellularity, whereas catechol (75 mg/kg) did not significantly affect marrow cellularity. Each compound reduced the frequency of PC-PFC developed from the spleens and marrows of treated mice, but only catechol selectively inhibited the maturation of LPS-activated marrow progenitors into end-stage PC-PFC. These experiments demonstrate the immunotoxic potential of hydroquinone and catechol in vivo through the reduction of progenitor B lymphocytes and suggest that inhibition of precursor cell maturation may play a significant role in the hematotoxicity observed after chronic exposure to benzene. PMID- 6977516 TI - Trimethoprim-induced augmentation of human natural killer activity in vitro. PMID- 6977517 TI - Primary malignant cerebellar astrocytomas in children: a signal for postoperative craniospinal irradiation. PMID- 6977518 TI - Naproxen toxicosis. PMID- 6977519 TI - Evaluation of 60-minute blood p-aminobenzoic acid concentration in pancreatic function testing of dogs. AB - For evaluation of pancreatic function testing, a peptide that releases p aminobenzoic acid (PABA) on digestion by chymotrypsin was given to clinically normal dogs and to dogs with unexplained diarrhea. Blood concentration of PABA and percentage of PABA excretion in the urine at 6 hours after oral administration were determined. One-hour blood values did not reflect pancreatic exocrine secretion as well as did the 6-hour urinary excretion values. PMID- 6977522 TI - Dotriacolide, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor. PMID- 6977521 TI - Cortical structure of the lymph node. I. Effect of blockage of the afferent lymph flow to mouse popliteal nodes for protracted periods. AB - Changes in the lymphoid organization of the popliteal lymph nodes in mice, under conditions where the afferent lymph flow to the nodes was kept blocked for a protracted period, were the subject of this study. Surgical operations to interrupt the afferent lymphatics of the popliteal nodes were performed and the afferent lymph flow remained blocked for 15 weeks after the operation. A striking accumulation of small lymphocytes occurred within the nodes and the cellular density of the parenchyma and lumina of the sinuses greatly increased. These changes persisted throughout the 15 weeks period of observation. Germinal centres gradually diminished in size and ultimately disappeared completely from most of the operated nodes. Lymphatic nodules, which were aggregations of B lymphocytes, decreased in size to some extent but the number of these structures per whole node was not significantly different from that of the unoperated node. The deep cortex remained highly populated with small lymphocytes and showed no indication of fading out or of being replaced by the medullary structures. PMID- 6977520 TI - A study of degeneration, scar formation and regeneration after section of the optic nerve in the frog, Rana pipiens. AB - Degeneration, scar formation and regeneration have been studied after section of the optic nerve in the frog. In the normal optic nerve two types of macroglial cell were identified: astrocytes and oligodendroglia. Degeneration after injury proceeded rapidly in comparison with mammals but did not lead to the production of a dense scar. Before much scarring had developed, regenerating axons penetrated the lesioned area. PMID- 6977523 TI - Co-trimoxazole versus cefaclor in acute on chronic bronchitis. PMID- 6977525 TI - The beta-lactamases of Bacteroides fragilis. PMID- 6977527 TI - beta-Lactamase inhibitors. PMID- 6977526 TI - beta-Lactamase--a human enzyme, too. PMID- 6977528 TI - Sch 29482: stability and inhibitory potency towards beta-lactamases from Gram negative bacteria. PMID- 6977524 TI - The contribution of beta-lactamases to beta-lactam resistance in Bacteroides fragilis. PMID- 6977532 TI - Sch 29482: in-vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility to beta-lactamases. PMID- 6977531 TI - Sch 29482: activity against susceptible and beta-lactam resistant variants of Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6977529 TI - The activity of Sch 29482 against type b Haemophilus influenzae lacking or possessing detectable beta-lactamase activity. PMID- 6977533 TI - Antibacterial activity of an oral penem, Sch 29482. PMID- 6977534 TI - Sch 29482: comparative activity against Enterobacteriaceae multiply-resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and mycobacteria. PMID- 6977530 TI - Sch 29482--a novel penem antibiotic: an in-vitro comparison of its activity with other beta-lactams. PMID- 6977535 TI - In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Sch 29842, a new beta-lactam antibiotic. PMID- 6977536 TI - Sch 29482, a new oral penem: comparative in-vitro activity, beta-lactamase stability and inhibition. PMID- 6977538 TI - Fixation of dinitrogen derived from denitrification of nitrate in a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans. AB - Studies with 15N demonstrated that the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans strain IL106 cannot assimilate NO-3 but rather denitrifies it to N2. This strain also fixed N2 into cell protein, although nitrogenase activity was partially inhibited in the presence of NO-3. Strain IL106 did not assimilate NO-3, but growing cultures and washed cell suspensions incorporated the tracer from 15NO-3 via denitrification to 15N2 and then via nitrogenase into cell nitrogen. This incorporation was inhibited in cells supplied with NH4+ or in the absence of light, thus confirming the participation of nitrogenase in the assimilation of nitrogen from nitrate. This represents a novel type of N2 recycling in a photodiazotrophic denitrifying bacterium. PMID- 6977537 TI - Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides membranes: alterations in phospholipid composition in aerobically and phototrophically grown cells. AB - The effects of growth conditions on phospholipid composition in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides have been reexamined. The levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (27 to 28%), phosphatidylglycerol (23 to 24%), and phosphatidylcholine (11 to 18%) were very similar in cells grown aerobically or phototrophically at a high light intensity, consistent with findings for another member of Rhodospirillaceae. In addition, an unknown phospholipid species was detected which comprised 20 to 30% of the total phospholipid in these cells. In cells growing phototrophically at low-intensity illumination, the level of phosphatidylethanolamine increased by about 1.6-fold and that of the unknown phospholipid markedly decreased. Although the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, light-harvesting protein, and intracytoplasmic photosynthetic membranes also increased markedly, the ratios of individual phospholipid species were essentially identical in photosynthetic membrane and cell wall fractions purified from these cells. Since a significant exchange of lipids apparently did not occur during the isolation of these fractions, it was suggested that the changes in cellular phospholipid accumulation were not due to a unique composition within the photosynthetic membrane. Instead, these phosphoglyceride changes were found to be related to overall phospholipid metabolism and could be accounted for principally by differences in biosynthetic rates. These results, together with studies in nutrient-restricted aerobic cells, suggested that the mechanism by which phospholipid levels are regulated may be related to radiant energy flux rather than cellular energy limitation. PMID- 6977539 TI - The active site of antithrombin. Release of the same proteolytically cleaved form of the inhibitor from complexes with factor IXa, factor Xa, and thrombin. AB - Reactions between near equimolar amounts of antithrombin and Factors IXa or Xa resulted in the formation of a free proteolytically modified, two-chain form of the inhibitor, in addition to the inactive antithrombin-protease complexes. The modified inhibitor produced by either enzyme was electrophoretically identical with that formed in the reaction with thrombin. As in the latter reaction, the formation of the modified antithrombin by Factor Xa was increased in the presence of heparin, while only small amounts were produced by Factor IXa both in the absence and presence of the polysaccharide. NH2-terminal sequence analyses of the isolated modified inhibitor formed by Factor Xa showed that a single Arg-Ser bond in the COOH-terminal end of the inhibitor had been cleaved. This cleavage site is identical with that identified in free thrombin-modified antithrombin. The purified antithrombin-Factor IXa and antithrombin-Factor Xa complexes were dissociated by ammonia or hydroxylamine into free enzyme and a modified two-chain form of the inhibitor. Electrophoresis studies and NH2-terminal sequence analyses showed that the modified antithrombin obtained from either complex was identical with that produced in free form by the two enzymes and also with the modified inhibitor that is released from the antithrombin-thrombin complex. The fact that identical results were obtained for the reactions between antithrombin and three enzymes with different specificities strongly suggests that the observed Arg-Ser cleavage site is the active site of antithrombin. PMID- 6977540 TI - Mouse plasma trypsin inhibitors. Isolation and characterization of alpha-1 antitrypsin and contrapsin, a novel trypsin inhibitor. AB - The trypsin-inhibiting capacity of male adult mouse plasma was several-fold greater than that of the corresponding human plasma. Two major trypsin inhibitors were isolated from mouse plasma in an apparently homogeneous state. One seems to be homologous to alpha-1-antitrypsin isolated from several mammalian species, while the other, tentatively named contrapsin, does not correspond to any of the known plasma protease inhibitors that have been well characterized in human or other animals. When human plasma was fractionated in exactly the same fashion, no inhibitor corresponding to contrapsin was detected, suggesting the absence of this inhibitor in human plasma. No cross-reactivity was observed either between contrapsin and antiserum specific for alpha-1-antitrypsin or between alpha-1 antitrypsin and antiserum specific for contrapsin. alpha-1-Antitrypsin inhibited three serine proteases tested, i.e. porcine elastase, bovine trypsin, and chymotrypsin, whereas contrapsin inhibited only trypsin, but not the other two. The two inhibitors, however, shared a number of other properties in common. They were monomeric glycoproteins having total carbohydrate content of 9.6% in alpha-1 antitrypsin (Mr = 53,000) and 15.1% in contrapsin (Mr = 55,000). They had similar amino acid and carbohydrate compositions. They inhibited bovine beta-trypsin by forming stable complexes. They showed similar sex differences in blood concentrations. Serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin and contrapsin in males were 5.2 +/- 0.6 and 2.8 +/- 0.2 mg/ml, respectively, whereas those in females were 3.5 +/- 0.2 and 2.1 +/- 0.4 mg/ml, respectively. PMID- 6977542 TI - Immunoreactive protein in adenosine deaminase deficient human lymphoblast cell lines. AB - Adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) was examined in human lymphoblast cell lines from normal and adenosine deaminase-deficient individuals as well as individuals heterozygous for adenosine deaminase deficiency. Adenosine deaminase activity was determined by a specific enzymatic assay and compared to immunoreactive adenosine deaminase protein (or cross-reacting material) determined by radioimmunoassay, in order to investigate mutations affecting adenosine deaminase. Two different antisera, raised in goat and rabbit against human adenosine deaminase, had different sensitivities and apparent specificities when used for radioimmunoassay. Rabbit antisera provided the most sensitive assay of normal enzyme, whereas goat antiserum provided the most sensitive assay for detection of mutant proteins. A wide range of values for the ratio of immunoreactive protein to activity was observed for the adenosine deaminase deficient cell lines, ranging from near normal to 23 times normal. The cell lines with high ratios appear to contain large amounts of catalytically defective or inactive protein. The amount of mutant protein detected by radioimmunoassay in the deficient cell lines depends upon the antiserum utilized, making as much as a 50-fold difference. The heterozygous lines contain approximately half of the normal amounts of immunoreactive protein and activity, and thus have a normal ratio of the two. Two cell lines partially deficient in adenosine deaminase appear to contain large amounts of an unstable adenosine deaminase protein with partially impaired activity. Immunoreactive protein was visualized in extracts from several cell lines, after electrophoresis and transfer to activated paper, by labeling with immunological probes and autoradiography. PMID- 6977541 TI - Changes in the natural abundance 13C NMR spectra of intact frog muscle upon storage and caffeine contracture. AB - The carbons of phospholipids have limited mobility in fresh, resting, gastrocnemius frog muscle, but a population of phospholipids gains considerable mobility upon storage in the muscle or in contracture induced by caffeine. In parallel with the appearance of sharp phospholipid resonances, lactic acid also appears in the 13C NMR spectra. There is a correlation between the mobility of phospholipids and the depletion of phosphocreatine and ATP in muscle. PMID- 6977545 TI - A simplified in vivo autoradiographic strategy for the determination of regional cerebral blood flow by positron emission tomography: theoretical considerations and validation studies in the rat. AB - A simplified mathematical model is described for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow by positron emission tomography in man, based on a modification of the autoradiographic strategy originally developed for experimental animal studies. A modified ramp intravenous infusion of radiolabeled tracer is used; this results in a monotonically increasing curvilinear arterial activity curve that may be accurately described by a polynomial of low degree (= zeta). Integrated cranial activity CB is measured in regions of interest during the latter portion of the tracer infusion period (times T1 to T2). It is shown that (See formula: text) where each of the terms A chi is a readily evaluated function of the blood flow rate constant kappa, the brain:blood partition coefficient for the tracer, the cranial activity integration limits T1 and T2, the coefficients of the polynomial describing the arterial curve, and an iteration factor n that is chosen to yield the desired degree of precision. This relationship permits generation of a table of CB vs. kappa, thus facilitating on line computer solution for blood flow. This in vivo autoradiographic paradigm was validated in a series of rats by comparing it to the classical autoradiographic strategy developed by Kety and associates. Excellent agreement was demonstrated between blood flow values obtained by the two methods: CBF in vivo = CBF classical X 0.99 - 0.02 (units in ml g-1 min-1; correlation coefficient r = 0.966). PMID- 6977544 TI - Lymphoid cells in lymph nodes and peripheral blood of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Fifty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were evaluated immunologically by measuring the level of T cells (E-RFC) and high affinity subset T cells (E-29) in the peripheral blood and peritumorous lymph nodes. A significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in mean percentage of E-29 was observed in cancer patient peripheral blood. In peritumorous lymph nodes, there was no difference in terms of total T cells or of high affinity subset T cells, as compared to non-malignant lymph nodes, or between tumor-free and metastatic lymph nodes. Macrophage content was much higher in metastatic than in tumor-free lymph nodes (p less than 0.05) and these macrophages frequently appeared to be more active when tested in phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells sensitized with IgG or IgM + C. PMID- 6977543 TI - Factors produced by macrophages and tumor cells: influence on the granulocytic precursor cells (CFU-C) in normal and tumor-bearing mice. AB - Some tumors are known to produce colony-stimulating factors (CSF). In mice bearing s.c. Ehrlich tumor (ET) we observed that tumor growth is responsible for hemopoietic perturbations in which the increase of granulocytic-macrophagic precursors (CFU-C) in bone marrow and in the spleen represents a remarkable aspect. CFU-C in bone marrow from ET-bearing mice are more sensitive than CFU-C from normal mice to CSF from L-cells (LC-CM), mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF-CM) and from the same tumor (ET-CM). Macrophages from normal and from ET-bearing mice exert the same effect on the proliferation of normal bone marrow CFU-C. Bone marrow CFU-C from ET-bearing mice show an increased sensitivity to the inhibitory factors produced by macrophages from ET-bearing mice. PMID- 6977547 TI - Reading retardation and antisocial behaviour. PMID- 6977546 TI - Measurement of local blood flow and distribution volume with short-lived isotopes: a general input technique. AB - A new technique for measuring local blood flow and distribution volume is proposed. The technique uses short-lived isotopes but is different from the equilibrium method in that no constant input is necessary, and no assumption about distribution volume is needed. The theoretical basis of the technique is developed, and the results of a computer-simulation study are presented to show the potential of the technique. The technique is expected to be easier to perform and to give more accurate flow values than the equilibrium method. PMID- 6977548 TI - Determination of prostaglandin precursors in frog tissue using selected-ion monitoring in gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. AB - Eicosatrienoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid (arachidonic acid), and eicosapentaenoic acid are unsaturated fatty acids that are possible precursors for prostaglandin synthesis in amphibians. These compounds have been quantitatively identified in tissues of the American bullfrog by using methods of selected-ion monitoring for fatty acid methyl esters. Results from comparison of yield for four methylation techniques showed that boron trifluoride in methanol gave the best yield and reproducibility. Resolution values of 1.2 and 2.7 for these methyl esters were achieved by using a cyanosilicone liquid phase, and the limits of detection based on ion 79.1 a.m.u. were 0.5 ng absolute. These acids were extracted and methylated with overall recoveries of 47, 37 and 28%, respectively. Methyl esters were detected in extracts of all tissues in concentration ranges 12 to 912 ng/microliters of extract, or 30 to 2810 micrograms/g of tissue for 0.1- to 1.3-g samples. PMID- 6977550 TI - Macrophage T-cell interaction in man: handling of tetanus toxoid antigen by human monocytes. AB - An absolute requirement for monocytes was demonstrated in the T-cell proliferative response to tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen. Antigen-pulsed monocytes were shown to be effective in triggering T-cell proliferation. Using 125I radiolabeled TT antigen, uptake by monocytes increased progressively over an 18 hr period, at which time 80-85% of the monocytes contained radiolabeled material. The ability of antigen-pulsed monocytes to trigger T-cell proliferation paralleled antigen uptake over an 18-hr period. Monocytes pulsed with antigen, then washed, lost their ability to trigger T-cell proliferation following a 24- to 48-hr culture period. Metabolic inhibitors blocked antigen uptake by monocytes and monocyte triggering of T-cell proliferation. Trypsin treatment of TT-pulsed monocytes did not affect the amount of antigen associated with monocytes or T cell triggering by monocytes. Anti HLA-DR alloantibodies, which when added during antigen pulsing of monocytes inhibit the capacity of these monocytes to trigger T cell proliferation, did not interfere with antigen uptake. These results indicate that human monocytes present antigen to T cells via an active process and in association with Dr determinants, and that the immunogenic moiety of antigen does not remain indefinitely available to the T cell. PMID- 6977549 TI - Vitamin D metabolites and parathyroid hormone in Cushing's syndrome: relationship to calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. AB - We studied the effects of glucocorticoid excess on calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in relation to vitamin D metabolites and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in seven patients with spontaneous ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Remission of hypercortisolism resulted in a significant increase in tubular reabsorption of phosphate [from 76 +/- 4% to 89 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM); P less than 0.01] and serum phosphorus (from 3.1 +/- 0.1 to 4.2 +/- 0.2 mg/dl; P less than 0.005). Serum calcium did not change, although there was a reduction in daily urinary calcium excretion from 0.23 +/- 0.02 to 0.107 +/- 0.02 mg calcium/mg creatinine. Serum immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) levels were normal during Cushing's syndrome (34 +/- 5 microleq/ml), but fell significantly after remission to 22 +/- 2 microleq/ml (P less than 0.05). This small decrease in iPTH did not correlate with the improvement of phosphate homeostasis. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH2)D] concentrations in Cushing's syndrome did not differ from measurements in 97 normal subjects. After treatment, 25OHD did not change, but 1,25-(OH)2D fell in each patient from a mean of 44 to 22 pg/ml (P less than 0.02). 1,25-(OH)2D was inversely correlated with serum phosphorus (r = 0.59; P less than 0.01), but did not correlate with iPTH. The known impairment of intestinal calcium absorption in Cushing's syndrome cannot be attributed to a decrease in the circulating levels of 1,25-(OH)2D. Endogenous hypercortisolism decreases tubular phosphate reabsorption and serum phosphorus, increase tubular phosphate reabsorption and serum phosphorus, increases iPTH, and results in an increase in 1,25-(OH)2D. These events may contribute to the severe loss of bone mass in such patients and may account for the calciuria and phosphaturia of Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 6977551 TI - The role of mitogens and antigens in the generation of antibody-producing human B lymphocytes. AB - Satisfactory experimental systems with which to study the antigen specific humoral immune response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes have not been available until recently. A commonly used method for the study of antibody production by human lymphocytes is that developed by Fauci and Pratt. This system is considered to be antigen nonspecific since the antigen against which the determined antibody is directed is not added to the cultures. We show here that the assumption of the Fauci-Pratt system being antigen nonspecific is not justified. An essential ingredient of this culture system is human serum that has been exhaustively absorbed with antigen (sheep red blood cells). This absorption procedure causes shedding of highly immunogenic antigenic fragments whose immunogenic activity we demonstrated using a recently developed antigen-dependent culture system. In the latter system, we have shown that the control of suppressor cells is a critical factor for the successful induction of antibody responses, particularly in view of the fact that lymphocyte mitogens must be added to cultured human lymphocytes to support their responsiveness. Appropriate timing of mitogen addition to the cultures was found to be an effective means of preferentially stimulating helper or suppressor activity. Pokeweed mitogen, a mitogen known to act on B and on T lymphocytes, Stimulates B cells responses readily but abrogates them prematurely by the simultaneous activation of suppressor cells. When pokeweed mitogen is added to an ongoing response with a delay of 48 hr, it enhances antibody responses markedly, presumably by providing additional help to B cells at a time when they have lost susceptibility to suppressor-cell effects. PMID- 6977552 TI - Adenosine receptor lymphocytes in humoral immunodeficiency. PMID- 6977554 TI - Serial measurement of nonspecific immune parameters in chronically hemodialyzed renal failure patients. AB - Nonspecific immune monitoring of the percentage active T (A-T) rosette-forming cells (RFC) and spontaneous blastogenesis (SB) appear to be useful indexes of host reaction toward allografts. In order to assess the significance of the observed changes, renal failure patients were serially evaluated before and after hemodialysis for the percentage of total T (T-T) and A-T RFC and for peripheral blood leukocyte metabolic activity measured by a whole blood spontaneous blastogenesis (SB) assay. Renal failure patients had a significantly lower (P less than 0.05) percentage of T-T RFC than normal persons, while the percentage A T RFC and SB remained stable. A hemodialysis treatment did not change the mean values of any of the three parameters. On the other hand, serial patient evaluation over 3 months revealed significant fluctuations in the percentage T-T RFC, but not the percentage A-T RFC and SB. Since the percentage A-T RFC and SB are relatively constant measures of immune status in ungrafted patients, significant changes in these nonspecific immune probes may reflect allograft rejection. PMID- 6977555 TI - Typing of Haemophilus influenzae by coagglutination and conventional slide agglutination. AB - Coagglutination was compared with conventional slide agglutination for the typing of 297 clinical isolates of Haemophilus sp. A 100% correlation was found with the H. influenzae type b isolates. Coagglutination showed no false-positive reactions with the nontypable strains of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae isolates; however, conventional slide agglutination exhibited many false-positive and non interpretable reactions. PMID- 6977553 TI - Natural killing and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity by lymphocyte subpopulations in young and aging humans. AB - Natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were examined in the peripheral blood lymphocytes and their major subpopulations from young and aging subjects. Monocyte-depleted unseparated lymphocyte-mediated NK activity (against cells of K-562) and ADCC (against IgG-coated chicken erythrocytes) were comparable between young and aging subjects. Similarly no significant difference was observed in T cell-mediated NK and ADCC and non-T cell mediated ADCC between young and aging subjects. Non-T cell-mediated NK activity, however, was significantly (P less than 0.025) greater in aging humans compared to that of young subjects. When the data were analyzed according to gender, T cell-mediated ADCC in aging males was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than that found in young males. No significant difference was observed between T cell ADCC among young and aging females. T cell-mediated NK was comparable among young and aging males and young and aging females. Non-T cell-mediated NK as well as ADCC activity was significantly (P[ less than 0.025 or less than 0.05) greater in aging males compared to that in young males. Both non-T-cell NK and ADCC were comparable among young and aging females. This study demonstrates an increase in NK and ADCC activity in aging subjects that is primarily shared by males and not by females. No correlation was observed between the proportion of T gamma cells and T-cell NK or ADCC activity. PMID- 6977556 TI - Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis secondary to Hemophilus influenzae. AB - Hemophilus influenzae may account for 10% or more of cases of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in infants. H. influenzae osteomyelitis is more often seen in the upper extremities. Two patients with H. influenzae acute osteomyelitis seen at a community hospital are described. The second patient is the first known case of osteomyelitis secondary to ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae. A review of 22 additional cases revealed that meningitis accompanied osteomyelitis in 10% (2/22). PMID- 6977560 TI - Immuno-electron microscopy of "T" cells in large plaque parapsoriasis. PMID- 6977558 TI - Behavioral control of chronic hiccupping associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in a retarded epileptic male. PMID- 6977559 TI - Comparative tissue absorption of oral 14C-aspirin and topical triethanolamine 14C salicylate in human and canine knee joints. AB - The local, articular, and systemic absorption of oral and topical salicylates was studied in dogs and humans using radioisotope techniques. Topical triethanolamine 14C-salicylate was found capable of percutaneous absorption into the knee joint and surrounding tissues. In dogs, topical salicylate application resulted in higher salicylate concentrations than oral aspirin in a number of tissues, despite lower blood levels. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, intraarticular 14C-salicylate levels after triethanolamine 14C-salicylate cream were 60 per cent of those obtained with oral aspirin. Four of six patients reported equal improvement in local discomfort after oral and topical salicylates. A potential role for topical salicylate cream in the treatment of localized rheumatic disorders is suggested. PMID- 6977561 TI - [Leukemias and oral manifestations]. PMID- 6977565 TI - Monoclonal antibody against human interleukin 2 (IL 2). I. Purification of IL 2 for the production of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Human interleukin 2 (IL 2) was produced under serum-free conditions by stimulating mononuclear cells with concanavalin A (Con A) in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and hydroxyurea. The IL 2 was partially purified by sequential chromatography by using phenyl-Sepharose, DEAE Sephacel, and AcA 54 gel filtration. This partially purified material was used to immunize BALB/c mice. After immunization with a total of 48,000 U (spec. act. approximately 10(5) units/mg protein), the spleen cells were adoptively transferred into x-irradiated syngeneic mice and the animals were boosted with another 12,000 U of IL 2. Four days later their spleen cells were hybridized with plasmacytoma cells. Supernatants of the hybridoma cultures were screened for their capacity to inhibit the IL 2-induced proliferation of the CT6 cell line. After expansion and cloning eight different lines were selected for ascitic antibody production. The monoclonal antibodies inhibited the proliferation of the IL 2-dependent cell line in response to either human crude or purified IL 2, as well as rat and mouse IL 2. However, these anti-IL 2 antibodies did not inhibit the proliferation of human T cell lines capable of producing IL 2. Monoclonal antibodies coupled to Sepharose 4B absorbed IL 2 crude culture supernatant, confirming that they react directly with IL 2. The absorbed IL 2 could, for the most part, be eluted by using sodium dodecyl sulfate, thus providing a means for further immunoaffinity purification of IL 2. PMID- 6977563 TI - [Drug addiction and endophthalmitis due to Candida albicans : diagnostic and therapeutic problems (author's transl)]. AB - Mycotic endophthalmitis has a poor prognosis particularly when it occurs in drug addicts. Ten ocular manifestations have been studied. These endophthalmitis all appeared after intravenous heroin injections. In one case, Candida albicans was found in the vitrectomy liquid. In two others cases, the mycosis was suspected after electrosynerese. Treatment gave different results because of the slight penetration of the different drugs into the eye. A therapeutic trial was conducted : 4 patients underwent vitrectomy raising the problem of surgical treatment of these affections. PMID- 6977564 TI - [Surgical correction of congenital lens ectopia : anterior approach Klotis phacophagia employing apparatus (author's transl)]. AB - The anterior transcorneal approach, using Klotis apparatus, was employed to conduct phacophagia in 29 eyes. This transcorneal approach to an ectopic lens is sufficient if care is taken to place the keratotomy on the meridian opposite to that of the lens displacement. Patients have been followed up for from 1 to 5 years and anatomical results are excellent; no complications have been reported, but this technique cannot be employed in patients over 30 years of age. Indications and contraindications for this method are discussed, together with the advantages and inconveniences of other techniques: discussion-aspiration and phacophagia through the pars plana. PMID- 6977566 TI - In vitro and in vivo allogeneic effects: differential modulation of B cell subpopulations. AB - We examined the sensitivity of primary TD and TI responses to allogeneic effects and found that primary TD responsive B cells were very sensitive to negative allogeneic effects elicited in vitro. The primary TI-2 responses, on the other hand, were not suppressed but rather enhanced twofold to threefold under the same culture conditions. Thus, primary B cell subsets resemble their IgG memory counterparts (1) in their differential sensitivity to allogeneic T cells. The ability of in vivo induced allogeneic effects of modulate antibody responses was studied using chronic graft-vs-host reaction (GVH) as a model. F1 mice immunized with TD (TNP-KLH, TNP-sheep-gamma-globulin) antigens shortly after GVH induction had reduced IgM and IgG primary responses. In contrast, the primary response to TNP-Ficoll was enhanced and included a large number of primary IgG PFC. Furthermore, mice undergoing chronic GVH were incapable of developing long-term memory after immunization with a TD antigen (TNP-KLH), as determined by secondary in vitro challenges with either TD or TI antigens. These mice retained helper T cells, indicating a failure of memory development in the B cell compartment. These studies suggest that the secondary TD- and TI-responding precursors (B2 gamma and B1 gamma, respectively) are probably both derived from primary B2 precursors (which are very sensitive to negative allogeneic effects). The maturation of the B1 memory population may thus be linked to increased resistance to allosuppression. PMID- 6977562 TI - Exacerbation of a lupus-erythematosus-like syndrome during treatment of non-C1 esterase-inhibitor-dependent angioedema with danazol. AB - A 70-yr-old man presented with symptoms of angioedema and a lupus erythematosus like syndrome. Because initial studies showed a functional deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor and low C4 levels, he was treated with danazol, an attenuated androgen that has proven to be effective in the treatment of angioedema associated with C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency. After treatment, the patient's C4 levels returned to normal and his angioedema resolved, but concurrently he experienced clinical and laboratory exacerbations of his lupuslike illness. Specifically, on two occasions after danazol treatment he developed arthralgias, myalgias, hematuria, and pleuritic chest pain, accompanied by increased titers of antinuclear antibodies and circulating immune complexes. Serum testosterone levels were decreased during these episodes. Because treatment with danazol was temporally associated with recurrent exacerbations of a lupuslike illness and low serum testosterone levels, we believe that this case is an example of sex hormonal modulation of a lupuslike disease in man. PMID- 6977567 TI - Antigen presentation by normal B cells, B cell tumors, and macrophages: functional and biochemical comparison. PMID- 6977568 TI - Effect of leucogenenol, a thymothyroid hormone, on allograft rejection and hemolysin formation. AB - Recent investigations in this laboratory have established that daily treatment with leucogenenol, an enolic heterocyclic hormone synthesized by the thymus and/or thyroid, induces neonatally thymectomized mice that have accepted a skin allograft to reject this allograft in 7 to 14 days. Also, daily treatment with leucogenenol causes neonatally thymectomized mice to respond to challenge with sheep erythrocytes with the formation of normal titers of hemolysin. These results demonstrate that the hormone leucogenenol induces the development of those cells, absent in neonatally thymectomized mice, that are necessary for a normal immune response. PMID- 6977571 TI - Fc receptors of mouse cell lines. II. IgG binding specificity and identification of the Fc receptor on a lymphoid leukemia. PMID- 6977569 TI - The requirement of specific anticapsular IgG for killing of Haemophilus influenzae by the alternative pathway of complement activation. AB - Employing an in vitro bactericidal assay using C4-deficient guinea pig serum (C4D GPS), we evaluated the ability of the alternative pathway to kill a number of strains of encapsulated and unencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae (HI). Complement activation occurred, but no bactericidal activity was observed against any of the tested HI in nonimmune C4D-GPS without detectable antibody to HI-type b (HIb) capsular polysaccharide (HIb-ps). In the presence of high-titered human anti- (type b) IgG, C4D-GPS killed the encapsulated strains. Restoration of classical pathway activity by the addition of purified C4 to C4D-GPS, which contained antibody to somatic antigens, resulted in killing of some strains of both encapsulated and unencapsulated HI. In nonimmune C4D-GPS the alternative pathway is activated but does not mediate bactericidal activity. The addition of specific high-titered anticapsular IgG results in killing of encapsulated HI by the alternative pathway in guinea pig serum. PMID- 6977570 TI - Suppression of transferred BXSB male SLE disease by female spleen cells. AB - The severe autoimmune disease from which BXSB males die at an early age (young) can be transferred into lethally irradiated female recipients by inoculating them with male spleen or bone marrow cells; similar recipients of female spleen or bone marrow cells develop the late-life disease typical of BXSB females. Using this syngeneic cell transfer model, we investigated the possible ability of female splenic and bone marrow cells to modulate the transferred male disease. We found that female spleen cells or the T-enriched subpopulation of such cells successfully retarded the transferred male disease, as observed by the decreased and delayed glomerulonephritis-associated mortality and lowered levels of serum IgG, autoantibodies, and immune complexes. Transfers of female bone marrow or thymus or female splenic T-depleted subpopulations were incapable of suppressing the accelerated male disease. These results indicate that abnormalities of the male spleen or bone marrow inocula responsible for the transferred early autoimmune disease can be modified by female spleen cells, in particular the female T cell component. PMID- 6977572 TI - The rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii lacks both types 1 and 2 T independent antigens. PMID- 6977557 TI - Elaboration of type b capsule by Haemophilus influenzae as a determinant of pathogenicity and impaired killing by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - In vitro, Haemophilus influenzae strains have two distinct patterns of susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ); strains with low minimum inhibitory concentration and high minimum bactericidal concentration (tolerant) and those with both low minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration (kill-sensitive). Tolerant H. influenzae strains were found to elaborate significantly more type b capsular polysaccharide, a linear polymer of ribosyl ribose phosphate (PRP), than kill-sensitive strains. Tolerant strains became susceptible to killing by TMP/SMZ when type b capsule was physically removed, but reacquired tolerance following growth and reversion to original (mucoid) phenotype. Susceptibility of wild (type a, b, c), isogenic (type b and untypable), and transformed (type b and d) strains indicated that elaboration of type b capsule was associated with TMP/SMZ tolerance. In a second series of studies, virulence of H. influenzae in the infant rat model was correlated with in vitro tolerance. Tolerant strains (13/13) caused systemic disease while none (0/7) of kill-sensitive strains were pathogenic. The efficacy of TMP/SMZ in the treatment of invasive infection was evaluated in rats with established bacteremia and meningitis. TMP/SMZ failed to eradicate H. influenzae b from the blood in 85% (17/20) or from the cerebrospinal fluid in 95% (19/20) of infected animals. Thus, in vitro tolerance correlated with therapeutic failure in vivo. PMID- 6977573 TI - Circulating autoantibodies to IgD in rheumatic diseases. AB - Most mature B lymphocytes possess IgD on their cell surface. Antibodies to IgD produce an adjuvant-like effect in many experimental systems. Employing sensitive class-specific radioimmunoassays, elevated concentrations of autoantibodies to IgD of the IgA, IgM, and IgG classes were detected in the sera of 55% of patients with adult onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA), of 45% with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), of 67% with mixed connective tissue disease syndrome (MCTD), and of only 8% of juvenile RA. Marked differences in the class of anti-IgD were noted. An elevated IgA anti-IgD was detected in 45% (p less than 0.01) of RA sera, 27% of SLE sera, and 58% (p less than 0.01) of MCTD sera. IgG anti-IgD was increased in only 26% of RA, 32% of SLE, and 8% of MCTD sera. IgM anti-IgD was elevated in only one patient. IgA anti-IgD was inhibited greater than 90% by IgD but not at all by IgG. Correlations between the concentration of immunoglobulin G and IgA anti-IgD were noted in RA (rs = 0.37, p = 0.02), SLE (rs = 0.46, p = 0.015), and MCTD (rs = 0.4). These data suggest a potential role for autoantibodies to cell surface IgD as modulators of the immune system in some patients with autoimmune disorders. PMID- 6977574 TI - Formation of IgE-binding factors by rat T lymphocytes. IV. Mechanisms for the formation of IgE-suppressive factors by antigen stimulation of BCG-primed spleen cells. PMID- 6977575 TI - Serologic and cellular characterization of products of a new major histocompatibility gene region, RT1.C, of the rat; possible homology to mouse H-2 Qa. AB - The A region of the major histocompatibility system of the rat, RT1, codes for ubiquitously expressed class I antigens and the RT1.B region determines class II (Ia) molecules. A third region, RT1.C, adjacent to B, has been described recently by histogenetic methods. Data are now presented on the analysis of RT1.C region products by the use of alloantisera and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, both prepared in two, C region congenic strain combinations. C region antigens have been detected serologically by complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays on the majority of B and T lymphocytes, but not on erythrocytes or liver and brain tissue by absorption tests. With the typing sera available only three "alleles" could be identified among 13 different rat strains, so that the RT1.C polymorphism appears to be restricted. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes could be induced against C region products after in vivo immunization and in vitro restimulation; killing was not restricted by the A and B regions. The concept that RT1.C is homologous to H-2 Qa is discussed. PMID- 6977577 TI - Unresponsiveness in hapten-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes. II. Ability of various TNP-congeners to induce unresponsiveness after repeated treatments beginning at birth. PMID- 6977578 TI - Characterization of two subsets of human T gamma cells. AB - Normal human E rosette-forming, Fc-IgG receptor-bearing cells (so-called T gamma cells) were separated into two functionally different subpopulations. Both subpopulations bind the monoclonal antibody OKM1 (directed against an antigen present also on monocytes and granulocytes). The first subpopulation accounts for about 70% of the total T gamma cell population, does not bind OKT3 (a monoclonal antibody directed against an antigen present on most T lymphocytes), and displays strong killer (K) cell and natural killer (NK) cell activity. The second subpopulation accounts for about 30% of the total T gamma population, binds both OKT3 and OKM1 (confirmed with a double-labeling assay), and displays low K and NK cell activity. Each subset contained less than 10% null cells. Comparison of T gamma cell populations obtained by adherence to a monolayer of IgG-coated human erythrocytes or by rosette formation with these cells revealed that pure T gamma cells with normal killer cell and natural killer cell activity were best obtained with the monolayer technique. Comparison of the enzymic and functional profile of T gamma cells, monocytes and granulocytes, as well as changes during culture of these cells in vitro, failed to indicate a relationship between T gamma cells and cells of the myelomonocytic lineage. PMID- 6977576 TI - A mitogen for human B cells: anti-Ig coupled to polyacrylamide beads activates blood mononuclear cells independently of T cells. AB - The F(ab')2 fragment of rabbit anti-human F(ab')2 antibodies covalently linked to polyacrylamide beads (anti-Ig beads) acts as a polyclonal mitogen for human B cells in whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) or tonsil cells. Activation, measured by the rate of DNA synthesis, is the result of an interaction between the anti-Ig beads and membrane immunoglobulin found on B cells. Excess soluble human F(ab')2 blocks activation with anti-Ig beads. Immunospecifically purified antibodies against IgM or IgD bound to beads activate lymphocytes. Also soluble anti-IgM or anti-IgD can block activation with insolubilized anti-IgM or anti-IgD, respectively, by modulating membrane immunoglobulin. Irrelevant rabbit antihapten antibodies bound to beads failed to activate PBM or tonsil cells. Anti-Ig beads act independently of T cells. The anti-Ig beads lead to activation of B cells without further maturation to polyclonal immunoglobulin secretion. PMID- 6977579 TI - Human B cell alloantigens; alpha subunit variability. AB - Human B cell alloantigens were studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The heavy (alpha) and light (beta) chains precipitated by xenoantisera were compared on B lymphoblastoid cell lines of different HLA-DR types. In accordance with the results of other investigators, we observed considerable electrophoretic variability of beta subunits. Significant electrophoretic differences between alpha subunits isolated from different cells were also observed through the use of a pH 5 to 7 gradient in the isoelectric focusing dimension. HLA-DR allelic products from a heterozygous line exhibited differences in beta subunit electrophoretic mobility but apparent identity of alpha subunits. PMID- 6977581 TI - Differences in expression of MHC products between several H-2-restricted CTL clones. AB - Five cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones, all specific for influenza virus A/JAP/57 and all H-2Kd-restricted, were typed for expression of MHC products. All express H-2K and H-2D encoded antigens, but they differ in their expression of I region products. One clone, 14-2, is positive with antisera directed against serologically detectable products apparently related to three different I regions, namely I-A, I-J, and I-E. Two clones, 11-1 and 14-1, lack I-E-associated antigens but express I-A and I-J products, and two other clones, 14-7 and 14-13, lack detectable I region products. These observations show that although discrete CTL clones may be homogeneous in their function, they differ in their expression of I region products. PMID- 6977580 TI - Stimulation of mouse lymphocytes by a mitogen derived from Mycoplasma arthritidis. II. Cellular requirements for T cell transformation mediated by a soluble Mycoplasma mitogen. AB - The mitogenic property of supernatants from M. arthritidis cultures (MAS) is shown to be nonsedimentable, nondialyzable, labile to 56 degrees C for 1 hr, and active against spleen cells from both normal and germfree mice. Both viable M. arthritidis and MAS were active for T lymphocytes because anti-Thy-1 antiserum and C eliminated responsiveness. Spleen cells enriched for T lymphocytes by passage over nylon columns lost responsiveness unless supplemented with a radioresistant adherent cell population that was shown to bear Ia antigens. Evidence is also presented that the genetic control of T lymphocyte responses to the mycoplasma mitogen was exercised at the level of the Ia-bearing adherent cells. Thus adherent cells from positive responder mouse strains, but not those from nonresponder mouse strains, restored the responses of T cells from F1 hybrids between responder and nonresponder strains. PMID- 6977582 TI - Effect of mouse anti-I region antiserum and complement on human mononuclear cell response to concanavalin A. AB - Pretreatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with mouse anti-Ia serum and complement was found to inhibit the subsequent T cell proliferative response to Con A. The cells from each individual tested were inhibited, regardless of DR allospecificity. Inhibition of Con A response by mouse anti-Ia antibodies and C was found to be due to elimination of adherent accessory cells (monocytes) rather than T cells. Anti-Ia serum appeared to recognize an essential subpopulation of human monocytes bearing cross-reactive antigens, since not all monocytes treated with anti-Ia serum and C were lysed. The use of highly restricted mouse anti-Ia serum demonstrated that the required monocyte population expressed antigens recognized by antibodies with activity to I-Ek products (Ia specificities Ia.7 and Ia.22). The required monocyte subpopulation was also recognized by a monoclonal antibody specific for Ia.7. Mouse anti-I-Ek alloantiserum or monoclonal anti-Ia.7 antibodies may be important tools with which to study human monocytes, and for further characterization of DR determinant requirements for monocyte-antigen presentation and monocyte-T cell interactions. PMID- 6977584 TI - Sensitization of human lymphocytes in vitro: genetic restriction of secondary T cell responses is dictated by the HLA-DR phenotype of antigen-presenting cells. AB - Antigen-specific proliferation of human T cells sensitized in vitro was found to be macrophage dependent and HLA-DR restricted. Primary sensitization or secondary restimulation did not occur in the absence of antigen-presenting macrophages. The macrophage requirement for secondary restimulation was restricted by specificities shared between macrophages used for primary sensitization and T cells of the HLA-DR locus. Moreover, the magnitude of the response to antigen appeared to be related to the number of HLA-DR haplotypes shared between antigen presenting cells in primary and secondary cultures. This observation could be attributed to a clonal response of the T cells with respect to HLA-DR on macrophages. Using HLA-DR 3/5 heterozygous KLH-primed T cells, elimination of cells responsive to antigen-pulsed HLA-DR 3/3 macrophages by thymidine suicide techniques left intact responsiveness to antigen-pulsed HLA-DR 5/5 macrophages. Tp determine whether the genetic restriction was dictated by the HLA-DR genotype of the responding lymphocytes or the HLA-DR phenotype of the responding lymphocytes or the HLA-DR phenotype of the antigen-pulsed macrophages, allogeneic macrophages were used to present antigen in primary culture. After elimination of alloreactive cells, proliferation in secondary cultures was found to be dependent on HLA-DR determinants shared between macrophages used for secondary restimulation and those used in primary sensitization, regardless of the HLA-DR genotype of the responding T lymphocytes. PMID- 6977583 TI - Mechanisms of immune lysis. III. Characterization of the nature and kinetics of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced nuclear lesion in the target. AB - The experiments reported here demonstrate that the event leading to CTL-induced nuclear disintegration is kinetically similar (t1/2 = 3.1 +/- 0.8 min) to that reported for CTL-induced plasma membrane disintegration as measured by 51Cr release. However, the expression of the lethal event by detergent-soluble 125I release occurs so rapidly that the time between the initiation of the lesion and its expression is 15 min instead of the 90 to 120 min time course for plasma membrane disintegration measured by 51Cr release. In addition, we have demonstrated that the rapid 125IUdR release characteristic of CTL-lysed targets is specific for the nucleus within the target cell itself. Isolated nuclei cultured with effectors and targets during a lytic reaction are not rapidly damaged by the lytic process. Finally, we have characterized the CTL-induced nuclear lesion as a degradative process occurring within the plasma membrane of the target cell. The significance of these events and their relationship to the CTL's role in the host defense system is discussed. PMID- 6977587 TI - A novel mitogen released by lipid A-stimulated bone marrow cells. AB - Lipid A induced bone marrow cells derived from lipopolysaccharide responder strain C3H/HeN to release a component to the extracellular fluid that enhanced DNA synthesis of splenocytes derived from the lipopolysaccharide nonresponder strain C3H/HeJ. The mitogenic component was not selected when C3H/HeN splenocytes were used instead of bone marrow. The target cell in splenocyte populations responding to the mitogenic component released by lipid A-stimulated bone marrow cells is a B cell, as judged by the corresponding of individual cells undergoing DNA synthesis determined by autoradiograph and the presence of surface immunoglobulin detected by immunofluorescence. The mitogenic factor is heat labile, sensitive to trypsin, and intensive to RNase. PMID- 6977586 TI - Human monocyte plasminogen activator production: correlation to altered M phi-T lymphocyte interaction. PMID- 6977585 TI - Extracts of pregnancy urine contain a mitogen for human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). AB - A mitogen for human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) has been found in commercial batches of crude human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is obtained from pregnancy urine. These crude hCG preparations, as well as column eluates free of hCG and a previously noted immunosuppressive factor, are mitogen for normal human PBL cultured in fetal calf serum. This mitogen is designated pregnancy-associated growth factor (PAGF) because of its source. PAGF induces 3H thymidine incorporation of mixed Ia+ non-T cells and T cells, probably confined to the helper subclass; proliferation is abolished by complement-mediated lysis using monoclonal antisera to Ia, mature T cells (OKT3), and the Th (OKT4) subset, but not by antisera to the Ts (OKT8) subset. The proliferating cell is a T cell because irradiation of these cells, but not the non-T cells, abolished PAGF mitogenicity. In addition, PAGF augments the autologus mixed lymphocyte reaction. Preliminary experiments indicate that its m.w., in the range of 18,000 to 22,000, is different from epidermal growth factor, the only previously described growth factor found in crude hCG preparations. In addition epidermal growth factor failed to stimulate PBL under similar conditions. PMID- 6977589 TI - Lymphocyte activation in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6977588 TI - Studies of congenitally immunologic mutant New Zealand mice. VI. Spontaneous and induced autoantibodies to red cells and DNA occur in New Zealand X-linked immunodeficient (Xid) mice without phenotypic alternations of the Xid gene or generalized polyclonal B cell activation. PMID- 6977590 TI - Enumeration of IL 2-secreting helper T cells by limiting dilution analysis, and demonstration of unexpectedly high levels of IL 2 production per responding cell. AB - We describe here a method for estimating the frequency of alloantigen-responsive precursors of interleukin 2-(IL 2) secreting mouse T helper cells in spleen cell populations, and for measuring the amount of IL 2 generated by the progeny of each responsive cell over a 5-day culture period. Depending on the particular stimulus, about 1 T cell in every 30 to 300 can generate detectable levels of IL 2. Mls-locus incompatibilities activate a higher fraction of cells than do differences at the H-2 complex. The responder cell is sensitive to anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement, and is highly enriched in Lyt-2- populations as compared to positively selected Lyt-2+ cells. The dilution curve obtained is consistent with the idea that IL 2 production depends on a single class of T cell. The amount of IL 2 produced in these limiting dilution cultures is unexpectedly high; about 30-fold greater than the levels predicted by extrapolation from conventional mixed lymphocyte cultures. These results suggest that conventional cultures may be very responsive to regulatory events that do not occur at very low responder cell concentrations. Thus, limiting dilution analyses will provide insights into the effects of drugs, age, subset manipulation, etc., on the IL 2 producing cell itself, information that cannot be provided by conventional methods alone. PMID- 6977593 TI - Cell-mediated hyperacute rejection. IV. Lyt markers and adoptive transfer. PMID- 6977594 TI - [Haemorrhage from an ileal loop bladder secondary to portal hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Whilst haemorrhage from the stoma is a classical complication of ileal canal, portal hypertension is rarely responsible since only six cases have been reported in the literature before that described here. The responsibility of portal hypertension having been confirmed by umbilico-portography, and a mesenterico caval shunt was performed. This did not prevent a further bleed 15 months later which led to the discovery of obstruction of the shunt. Despite this there were no further problems up to the time of the patient's death 22 months later as a result of encephalopathy. On the basis of the present case and those already published, the authors discuss the mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities of this rare complication. PMID- 6977592 TI - Lymphocytes bearing Fc receptor for IgE. VIII. Affinity of mouse IgE for Fc epsilon R on Mouse B lymphocytes. AB - Fc epsilon R(+) lymphocytes were demonstrated in BALB/c, C57BL/6 and SJL strains of mice by a rosetting technique. The proportion of Fc epsilon R(+) lymphocytes in their spleens was 25 to 33% of the total cells. The majority of the Fc epsilon R(+) cells in the spleen of BALB/c mice were B cells, which also have Fc gamma R. However, after infection of mice with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a significant proportion of T cells also bore Fc epsilon R. The average number of Fc epsilon R per Fc epsilon R(+) cell in normal BALB/c spleens was 5100. These receptors were saturated with IGE after incubation of the cells with 5 micrograms/ml mouse IgE. The forward rate constant (k1) of the IgE binding to Fc epsilon R on normal B cells was 1.66 X 10(4) M-1 sec-1, while the dissociation rate of IgE from the Fc epsilon R was 1.7 x 10(-4) sec-1. The equilibrium constant between mouse IgE and Fc epsilon R on normal B cells was approximately 0.95 X 10(8)M-1. However, Fc epsilon R on mouse lymphocytes appeared to be heterogeneous with respect to their affinity for IgE. After infection of mice with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, the number of Fc epsilon R per receptor-bearing lymphocyte increased several-fold. The FC epsilon R newly expressed after infection appeared to have a lower affinity for IgE than those present originally. PMID- 6977596 TI - The treatment of fever. PMID- 6977591 TI - Lymphoepithelial interactions in the mouse thymus: phenotypic and kinetic studies on thymic nurse cells. AB - Thymic nurse cells (TNC), complexes between epithelial cells and thymocytes, are further characterized. Our results show that TNC are predominantly located in the subcapsular and outer cortical region of the mouse thymus. The enveloped thymocytes display the characteristics of cortical thymocytes. They are PNA+, Thy 1+, Lyt-123+, TL+, ThB+, H-2K+, IA+, and cortisone and radiation sensitive. In vitro cultivation of TNC in the presence of interleukin 2 induces a phenotype change to Lyt-1-, ThB-, Lyt-23+. The yield of TNC is highly dependent on the isolation conditions. Moreover, the thymocytes enveloped by an individual TNC do not constitute a single clone. The latter findings strongly suggest that complete envelopment is probably an isolation artifact. However, the cellular composition of the complexes is not random but rather the result of a preexisting in vivo association between an immature thymocyte subpopulation and outer cortical epithelial cells. TNC represent the in vitro correlate of this in vivo interaction. The implications of these results for intrathymic T cell differentiation are discussed. PMID- 6977595 TI - Evaluation of live and inactivated influenza A virus vaccines in a mouse model. AB - Induction of cross-protective immunity against serologically distinct subtypes of influenza A virus in mice was examined in an attempt to correlate cross protection with heterotypic lymphocyte responses. Live and inactivated virus vaccines protected against the homologous subtype, but only whole virus protected against heterologous subtypes. Live virus vaccines provided better cross protection than inactivated virus vaccines. A weak defense against heterotypic challenge generated by live H0N1 virus could be boosted by cross-stimulation with whole H3N2 virus and by restimulation with pathogenic H0N1 virus. Heterotypic protection persisted for at least five months. Live viruses induced cross reactive cytotoxic T cells in normal mice. However, cross-stimulation with heterologous virus was required to generate secondary cytotoxicity. Cross reactive B lymphocytes were evident after inoculation with whole virus. PMID- 6977600 TI - Experience in Medical Malpractice arbitration. PMID- 6977601 TI - Improved quality controls in hospitals: a necessity. PMID- 6977599 TI - [The presence of anti-T cell antibody and its role in the pathogenesis and progression of glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977598 TI - [Natural killing and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity in lymphocytes subpopulations of normal controls and cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977602 TI - Death--a new definition. PMID- 6977603 TI - Liability of the physician for the defects of a child caused by in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6977604 TI - Parens patriae: judicial authority to order the sterilization of mental incompetents. PMID- 6977605 TI - Endorphins and legal issues. PMID- 6977597 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of purulent osteomyelitis]. PMID- 6977606 TI - A mathematical model of B lymphocyte differentiation: control by antigen. AB - A mathematical model of B lymphocyte differentiation, based on experimental results, has been developed. The model focuses on the role of antigen in initiating and regulating B cell differentiation while other mechanisms, acting in concert with antigen but the functioning of which can be circumvented under appropriate conditions, are not considered. The importance of presence of antigen at individual stages of B cell differentiation was studied in experiments with an easily metabolizable antigen. Immunocompetent cells (ICC), arising by antigen independent differentiation of stem cells, are activated by antigen (they become immunologically activated cells--IAC). Excess of antigen drives IAC into the terminal stage (antibody-forming cells--AFC) thereby restricting proliferation. Exhaustive terminal differentiation results in tolerance. A low primary dose permits IAC to escape antigen; IAC proliferate and later give rise to resting memory cells (MC) which are amenable to reactivation. MC have higher avidity for antigen (due to higher affinity, number and density of receptors) and the effect of different doses of antigen on MC is diverse. A very low secondary dose induces tolerance, a medium dose secondary response, and the administration of a high dose of antigen also brings about tolerance. The model suggests that the fate of memory cells is controlled by the ratio R:Ag, of the number of immunoglobulin receptors on B cells (R) to the number of available antigenic molecules (Ag), low values R:Ag favouring stimulation to differentiation while high values of R:Ag favouring inactivation. A nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations, describing the development of the populations involved in antigen-driven B cell differentiation, was used to simulate experiments and good qualitative agreement was achieved. PMID- 6977607 TI - Low zone desensitization: a stimulus-specific control mechanism of cell response. Investigations on anaphylatoxin-induced platelet secretion. AB - The biologic activity of the anaphylatoxic peptides C5a and C3a is regulated efficiently at the target-cell level by the phenomenon of desensitization. Desensitization of platelets is stimulus specific and can be induced by low concentrations of anaphylatoxins without any preceding secretory event. In contrast to activation to secretion, desensitization is Ca++ independent but much more time consuming, especially at lower temperatures where both processes differ markedly in reaction velocity. This low zone desensitization insures that secretion from platelets only occurs when high amounts of anaphylatoxins are rapidly generated in the vicinity of the target-cell. Consequently, stimulus specific unresponsiveness of the target cells can be induced by slowly increasing the concentration of the respective stimuli in their vicinity. Cellular control seems to act as a first-line mechanism of regulation, whereas the role of fluid phase control is considered as preventing longer persistence and systemic accumulation of active anaphylatoxins. PMID- 6977608 TI - Naturally occurring autologous anti-idiotypic antibodies. Participation in immune complex formation in selective IgA deficiency. AB - 50% of individuals of selective IgA deficiency have high serum titers of antibody to bovine proteins, and high levels of circulating immune complexes that contain bovine antigens. Because in animal studies, immunization with antigen-antibody complexes is a very effective means of producing anti-idiotypic antibodies, we sought such autoantibodies in two sera known to have large amounts of anticasein. After IgG isolation and two-stage affinity chromatography, IgG-like material (molecular weights of H and L chains on SDS-PAGE), with binding activity for the F(ab')2 of anticasein were isolated from both sera. Pooled human gamma globulin or IgG myeloma proteins did not inhibit binding of specific anti-anticaseins to the corresponding anticasein, but sodium caseinate did block this binding (by 80 and 95%) indicating that most of these autoantibodies have affinity for the casein-binding site. Naturally occurring anti-idiotypic antibodies have been difficult to conclusively demonstrate in human sera; consequently, these experiments provide evidence of a unique model which may be used to explore the network theory of immunoglobulin regulation in humans. PMID- 6977610 TI - Features of T cells causing H-2-restricted lethal graft-vs.-host disease across minor histocompatibility barriers. AB - Evidence is presented that T cells that produce lethal graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) to minor histocompatibility antigens (minor HA) comprise discrete subgroups of H-2K- and H-2D-restricted T cells; double negative selection of T cells in irradiated H-2 recombinant mice was used to separate these two subgroups. No evidence could be found that I-restricted T cells contributed to GVHD, either as effector cells or helper cells. The (unprimed) precursor cells for GVHD expressed the Thy-1+, Lyt-1+/-2, Ia- phenotype. Studies in which H-2 semiallogeneic bone marrow chimeras were used as hosts for negative selection suggested that presentation of minor HA to T cells during the induction phase is controlled by marrow-derived cells; indirect evidence was obtained that these latter cells can "process" minor HA presented on H-2 different cells and thereby render the antigens immunogenic. Studies in which minor HA-different, H-2 compatible chimeras were re-irradiated and then injected with donor-vs.-host T cells suggested that the effector phase of lethal GVHD involves contact of antigen on non-marrow-derived cells. PMID- 6977611 TI - T cell regulation of immunoglobulin class expression in the antibody response to trinitrophenyl-ficoll. Evidence for T cell enhancement of the immunoglobulin class switch. AB - In the absence of T cells, B cells were found to respond to the type 2 T independent (TI-2) antigen, trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll, with a characteristic hierarchy of IgM and IgG subclass Ab production which directly correlated with 5' to 3' Igh-C gene order, i.e., IgM greater tha IgG3 greater than IgG1 greater than IgG2b greater than IgG2a. This was evident when immune serum Ab titers were analyzed, when in vitro secretion of antibody from immune cells was measured and when TNP-Ficoll-stimulated clones in a splenic focus assay were analyzed for isotype production. T cells were found to cause a preferential relative increase in the amount of IgG2a antibody produced to TNP-Ficoll. The T cell responsible was present in anti-IgM neonatally suppressed mice and was needed early in the response, i.e., on the day of immunization or earlier. T cells were found to increase the frequency of TNP-Ficoll-responsive B cell clones that produced IgG2a in the splenic focus assay. The great majority of these IgG2a-positive clones also produced IgM and all or nearly all of the IgG isotypes whose genes are encoded 5' to the Igh-gamma 2a gene. The data are discussed in terms to T cell enhancement of IgG2a Ab synthesis being mediated through T cell enhancement of the Igh-C gene switching mechanism within TNP-Ficoll-responsive B cell clones. Thus, isotypes encoded by genes on the 3' end of the Igh-gamma gene complex, which in the absence of T cells have a low probability of being switched to, are the most influenced by T cell help. PMID- 6977612 TI - Identification of a T cell-derived b cell growth factor distinct from interleukin 2. AB - We report here a factor (B cell growth factor) found in induced supernatants of the mouse thymoma EL4 that co-stimulates with anti-IgM antibodies in short-term cultures of purified B lymphocytes to induce polyclonal B cell proliferation but not antibody-forming cell production. The factor is not mitogenic for resting B cells and interacts with anti-IgM-activated B cells in a non-H-2-restricted manner. Absorption studies and molecular weight analysis reveal the factor is distinct from interleukin 2. This factor synergises with antigen, interleukin 2, and an interleukin 2-free, B cell growth factor-free T cell supernatant that contains T cell-replacing factor to produce erythrocyte-specific plaque-forming cells in cultures of highly purified B cells. PMID- 6977614 TI - Studies of defective tolerance induction in NZB mice. Evidence for a marrow pre-T cell defect. AB - NZB mice manifest a defect in tolerance induction by deaggregated heterologous gamma globulins. We have used an adoptive transfer system to study the defect. Thymectomized, intact, or thymectomized recipients given thymic epithelial grafts were studied after lethal irradiation and reconstitution with NZB, DBA/2, or (NZB x DBA(F1 marrow depleted of mature T cells. NZB thymocytes were responsible for the tolerance defect of NZB mice. The information for the defect was present in the NZB marrow prethymocyte. That defect could only be expressed when there was further maturation in association with a thymus. However, the normal DBA/2 thymic epithelium served as well as the abnormal NZB thymic epithelium. These studies resolve existing conflicts as to whether the NZB marrow or thymus is responsible for the loss of tolerance in association with autoimmunity. PMID- 6977615 TI - Immunization of mice against African trypanosomiasis using anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - Anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies were raised against three protective monoclonal antibodies, each with specificity for the variable antigen type (VAT) of a clone of Trypanosoma rhodesiense. The IgG1 fractions of each were pooled and administered to BALB/c mice 3-4 wk before homologous challenge. The course of primary parasitemia was altered in 19 of 30 anti-Id-treated animals. The immunity was manifested as either: (a) complete protection, (b) reduced parasitemia, or (c) selection against parasites bearing the original VAT. The three idiotypes (Id) were found in variable levels in serum during the course of infection in control animals. However, in all anti-Id-treated mice that displayed immunity, one Id in particular (7H11) was detectable much earlier in infection and in higher levels than in control mice or anti-Id-treated, nonimmune mice. Six of nine mice treated with the anti-7H11 Id alone also displayed immunity, manifested in this case exclusively as selection against parasites bearing the original VAT. The effect was again associated with the more rapid appearance of the Id after infection. Specificity of the anti-Id-induced immunity was supported by the failure of anti-7H11 Id treatment to alter the course of infection with a heterologous clone of T. rhodesiense. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the antigen-independent induction of antimicrobial immunity using anti-Id antibodies. PMID- 6977617 TI - [Linkage between congenital adrenal hyperplasia with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and HLA histocompatibility groups]. PMID- 6977618 TI - Acetylcholinesterase distribution in axotomized frog motoneurons. AB - The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) activity was examined in the perikarya and proximal axonal stumps of frog motoneurons injured by ventral root transection. Based upon measurements of net AChE accumulation in the proximal stumps of transected ventral roots, and upon orthograde clearances of AChE reported by others, it was determined that an amount of AChE equivalent to at least 0.7-2 times the perikaryal content of this enzyme enters the motor axon each day. A progressive decrease in the rate of AChE accumulation in transected axons during the first 3 days after ventral rhizotomy raised the possibility that excess enzyme might accumulate elsewhere within the axotomized motoneurons. However, AChE accumulation was detected only near the cut ends of the ventral roots and was not appreciably increased within injured motoneuronal cell bodies and proximal dendrites, which were isolated by a new method combining bulk and single-cell isolation techniques. These data suggest that AChE turnover is altered rapidly in response to axonal injury, thereby avoiding large perikaryal accumulations of this enzyme. PMID- 6977613 TI - Prostaglandin E inhibits the production of human interleukin 2. AB - Prostaglandins of the E type specifically inhibited the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by normal human lymphocytes, whereas PG synthetase inhibitors such as indomethacin and fentiazac raised IL-2 production above normal levels. Removal of adherent cells from mononuclear cell populations also resulted in enhanced IL-2 production. The resultant nonadherent cell population lost sensitivity to the enhancement effect of PG synthetase inhibitors, suggesting that a PGE-producing adherent cell plays a major role in the regulation of IL-2. PMID- 6977616 TI - Augmentation of the anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy of long-term cultured T lymphocytes by in vivo administration of purified interleukin 2. AB - Spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice immunized in vivo with a syngeneic Friend virus induced leukemia, FBL-3, were specifically activated by culture for 7 d with FBL 3, then nonspecifically induced to proliferate in vitro for 12 d by addition of supernatants from concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes containing interleukin 2 (IL-2). Such long-term cultured T lymphocytes have previously been shown to specifically lyse FBL-3 and to mediate specific adoptive therapy of advanced disseminated FBL-3 when used as an adjunct to cyclophosphamide (CY) in adoptive chemoimmunotherapy. Because the cultured cells are dependent upon IL-2 for proliferation and survival in vitro, their efficacy in vivo is potentially limited by the availability of endogenous IL-2. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine whether exogenously administered purified IL-2 could augment the in vivo efficacy of long-term cultured T lymphocytes. Purified IL-2 alone or as an adjunct to CY as ineffective in tumor therapy. However, IL-2 was extremely effective in augmenting the efficacy of IL-2-dependent long-term cultured T lymphocytes in adoptive chemoimmunotherapy. The mechanism by which IL 2 functions in vivo is presumably by promoting in vivo growth and/or survival of adoptively transferred cells. This assumption was supported by the findings that IL-2 did not enhance the modest therapeutic efficacy of irradiated long-term cultured cells that were incapable of proliferating in the host and was ineffective in augmenting the in vivo efficacy of noncultured immune cells that are not immediately dependent upon exogenous IL-2 for survival. PMID- 6977609 TI - Two Ly-2 T helper cell subsets distinguished by Qa-1 phenotype. The priming environment determines whether one or both subsets will be generated. AB - The Qa-1 cell surface phenotype reportedly distinguishes two Ly-1 T cell subsets conjointly required for T helper effector activity. Ly-1 cells, obtained from several different priming regimens, were negatively selected with anti-Qa-1 plus complement and compared with unselected Ly-1 cells for helper cell activity. Priming isolated T cells on antigen-pulsed macrophages in the absence of B cells favors the generation of the Ly-1:Qa1- subset, which is capable of efficient helper activity in the absence of the Ly-1:Qa-1+ subset. Priming T cells in an environment containing B cells generates both Ly-1:Qa-1- helper effector cells and Ly-1:Qa-1+ cells which contribute to the helper effect. Whether Ly-1:Qa-1+ cells are capable of independent helper activity cannot be determined, and, as such, Ly-1:Qa-1+ cells are more appropriately termed "help associated" rather than "helper effector." Our results assign a membrane phenotype, Qa-1, which distinguishes an Ly-1 help-associated B cell requiring subset in our system and may prove to be a general marker in a number of systems of Ly-1 inducer cell subsets which functionally require or recognize B cells or their products. PMID- 6977619 TI - On the identification of alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits. AB - Confusion appears to have arisen in the literature regarding the designation of alpha- and beta-tubulin in polyacrylamide gels. The presence or absence of 8 M urea in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gels leads to different patterns for unalkylated tubulin subunits (and other proteins), making difficult the designation of the alpha and beta subunits by original definition using electrophoretic mobility in the molecular weight dimension. The specific biochemical property of posttranslational tyrosylation of the alpha subunit has been used to identify further this subunit. Under all conditions tested, the beta subunit has been found to be more acidic than the alpha subunit, with isoelectric point differences that agree with theoretical and published values. If the tubulin subunits are reduced and alkylated, the beta subunit migrates more rapidly in SDS polyacrylamide gels, with or without urea present. However, unalkylated tubulin subunits can comigrate or even reverse their relative mobility if 8 M-urea-SDS polyacrylamide gels are used for subunit separation. The results also confirm the earlier reports that the post-translational tyrosylation of protein appears exclusively restricted to alpha-tubulin and can be demonstrated in an in vivo situation. In addition, the results suggest that only the alpha 2 subunit of tubulin is tyrosylated. PMID- 6977620 TI - Observations on the effects of low frequency electrical stimulation on fast muscles of dystrophic mice. AB - The deterioration of tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in dystrophic mice (C 57 BL dy/dy) was compared. The effects of chronic electrical stimulation on various characteristic properties of these muscles were also studied. The results indicate that EDL muscles are less affected by the disease than TA. This "selectivity" is difficult to explain since both muscles have similar fibre type composition. TA and EDL muscles that were stimulated for 10-28 days developed greater tetanic tensions than the contralateral muscles, but this effect was apparent only when the muscles were severely affected by the disease, that is the contralateral TA or EDL muscles developed less than 50% of the tension produced by muscles from normal animals. In all EDL muscles, stimulation increased the fatigue resistance. The time course of contraction and relaxation of dystrophic muscles is usually slower than that of normal muscles. The stimulation reduced this slowing effect, so that the stimulated muscles became similar to homologous muscles from normal littermates. PMID- 6977621 TI - Further studies on the inflammatory response induced by zinc wire implants in the central nervous system of rats. AB - Implantation of zinc wires into the central nervous system of adult Lewis rats initiates an inflammatory reaction with a predominantly mononuclear cell profile. Extensive cuffs of small lymphocytes, mature plasma cells, macrophages, and histiocytes are found around the site of the wire implant and around adjacent blood vessels. The inflammatory response persists for at least 35 weeks but, with time , is gradually replaced by extensive fibrosis, collagen deposition, and proliferation of glial cells in the adjacent neuropil. The Lesion is not necrotic, nor is it characteristic of a foreign body granuloma, since neither giant cells nor organized epithelioid cells are found. No obvious clinical effect is observed. The fact that the implantation of zinc wire initiates an inflammatory response which resembles certain immune-mediated reactions is consistent with the reports of others that zinc affects immunological responses both in vivo and in vitro. Other metals (Be, Co, Mg, Pt, and Ni), implanted to control for the effect of zinc, initiated responses that were both distinct for the metal used and reproducible, and thus underscore the significance of studying the role of metals in both acute and chronic diseases. PMID- 6977622 TI - The effects of chronic stimulation on the morphology of the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - A quantitative study was made of the effects of 24 h continuous stimulation on the morphology of the frog neuromuscular junction. The synaptic vesicle concentration in the nerve endings of frog sartorius muscles stimulated in vitro for 24 h at 2 Hz was the same as that in controls stimulated for only 0.3 h at 2 Hz. The control preparations were either freshly dissected or maintained at rest in vitro for 23 h prior to stimulation. Chronically stimulated terminals differed from their controls only in having more cisternae and fewer dense cored vesicles. Varying the lengths of the nerves to both chronically stimulated an in vitro control muscles had little effect on the morphology of the nerve endings. Continuous recording of muscle twitch tension demonstrated that neurotransmission was effective throughout the 24 h period of stimulation. Additional evidence that nerve failure or degeneration was not a factor in the results came from a second set of control and chronically stimulated preparations that were tetanized at 30 Hz for 0.3 h before fixation. Changes attributable to rapid stimulation were evident in 87 to 100% of their nerve terminals. Although the distribution of membrane among various membrane organelles differed from one treatment group to another, the total amount of measurable membrane in the nerve terminals was the same in all of the treatment groups; that is, the total amount of membrane was not altered by maintenance in vitro, chronic stimulation at 2 Hz, rapid stimulation at 30 Hz, reduced nerve length, or any tested combination of these treatments. This conservation of total membrane suggests that membrane exchange between axon and nerve terminal occurs at a relatively slow rate which is unaffected by synaptic activity, and that the local mechanism for recycling synaptic vesicle membrane in frog neuromuscular junctions is more autonomous and durable than has been suspected. PMID- 6977623 TI - Evaluation of histocompatibility as a factor in the repair of nerve with a frozen nerve allograft. AB - Host axons in dogs can regenerate through a long nerve allograft provided that the allograft bears only minor transplantation antigens, and is frozen and thawed before transplantation. The authors have tried to confirm this important observation in rats. Host rats received a 4-cm fresh or frozen nerve isograft (that is, a non-antigenic nerve), or a fresh or frozen nerve allograft with cells containing only minor transplantation antigens. The results showed that after 2 and 9 months only a fresh isograft permitted many host axons to traverse its entire length. Only a few host axons grew into the proximal 1 to 2 cm of a frozen isograft or into an allograft (fresh or frozen). Because frozen grafts failed, the authors examined some specimens after 2 weeks and found that freezing killed most of the Schwann cells. on the other hand, many proliferating Schwann cells were found in 2-week fresh isografts. In addition, hosts that received a frozen nerve allograft underwent regrafting after 9 months with an isograft and allograft (of the same genotype as th original nerve allograft) of nodose ganglion. These rats accepted the isograft but rejected the allograft of ganglion. It is concluded that axonal regeneration through a long frozen nerve graft fails in rats because freezing destroys Schwann cells. Moreover, a frozen nerve allograft does not induce a state of immunological tolerance, as has been suggested, because these recipients reject a second allograft. Since the present data failed to confirm findings obtained in dogs, the clinical use of a frozen nerve allograft is not recommended. PMID- 6977624 TI - Initial experience with SPECT (single-photon computerized tomography) of the brain using N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine: concise communication. AB - Forty-six patients were studied with N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and the Harvard Scanning Multidetector Brain System. In nine control patients, good differentiation between the gray and white matter of the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia was evident. Regional uptake was affected by physiologic maneuvers (visual stimulation). In 24 patients studied for stroke, IMP images demonstrated areas that were involved in acute infarction in eight patients whose initial transmission computerized tomography (TCT) was normal; IMP also showed perfusion abnormalities larger than the TCT abnormality in ten patients. Perfusion abnormalities were present in 23/24 of these patients. Seven patients studied with a history of TIA had normal TCT and IMP images. In three patients studied during seizure activity, regions of hyperperfusion corresponded to the EEG seizure focus. Markedly decreased activity was present in three patients with brain tumor and corresponded to the focal abnormality on the TCT study. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of assessing regional brain perfusion using a radiopharmaceutical that is lipid soluble and has a high extraction fraction in the brain, together with single-photon ECT. PMID- 6977625 TI - A comparison between conventional scintigraphy and emission tomography with thallium-201 in the detection of myocardial infarction: concise communication. AB - We have compared emission tomography and conventional scintigraphy with thallium 201 in a series including 15 normal subjects and 64 patients showing transmural myocardial necrosis in various locations, fully documented by clinical, electrocardiographic, and enzymatic evidence. The reconstruction was derived from 32 projection images collected around the left side of the patient's chest by a rotating scintillation camera. The conventional views and the transverse, frontal, and sagittal sections were interpreted independently by two observers. The final calculated sensitivity was 89% with conventional scintigraphy and 98% with emission tomography, and the specificity was 93% in the two cases. Thus, emission tomography provides a better sensitivity and also a better interobserver agreement than conventional scintigraphy in the detection of transmural myocardial necrosis with thallium-201. PMID- 6977626 TI - Synthesis of [2-11C]5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione for studies with positron tomography. AB - We have developed a method for the synthesis of [2-11C]5,5-dimethyl-2,4 oxazolidinedione ([2-11C]DMO) for use with positron emission tomography to measure regional tissue pH in vivo in man. [2-11C]Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was prepared from [C-11]phosgene and excess of sodium methoxide in methanol containing dimethyl carbonate as added carrier. The [2-11C]DMC solution was then reacted with 2-hydroxyisobutyramide at 150 degrees C for 10 min to yield, after HPLC separation, [2-11C]DMO with a radiochemical yield of 20-56%. Chemical yields were 78-92%, and specific activity ranged as high as 830 mCi/millimol. PMID- 6977627 TI - Color matching in autosomal dominant tritan defect. AB - We evaluated color matching in 39 observers with an autosomal dominant tritan defect. Eleven tritans were dichromats with 1 degrees field, and only two were dichromats with an 8 degrees field. Twenty-one of the tritan observers ahd normal blue-green equations with an 8 degrees field, indicating that autosomal dominant tritans have short-wavelength-sensitive cones. Some of the tritan observers showed a shifted blue-green equation, which was ascribed to rod activity. PMID- 6977628 TI - [Clinical assessment of the patients with head and neck cancers using hematological serological and immunological parameters (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977629 TI - Drugs, crime and occupational prestige. PMID- 6977630 TI - Drugs and criminal assaults by adolescents: a replication study. PMID- 6977631 TI - Polysplenia and kartagener syndromes in a sibship: association with abnormal respiratory cilia. PMID- 6977632 TI - Black heme-positive stools without gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6977633 TI - HLA-B27-associated spondyloarthritis and enthesopathy in childhood: clinical, pathologic, and radiographic observations in 58 patients. AB - HLA-B27 typing of all arthritic children helped to identify and focus attention on a subset whose disease was pathogenetically related to and demonstrated clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter syndrome, but only rarely fulfilled current diagnostic criteria for those disorders (spondyloarthritis). In contrast to other forms of childhood arthritis, enthesopathy (inflammation at the sites of attachment of ligaments and tendons to bone) was a prominent feature in 75%; a family history of similar arthritis was obtained from 60%; boys were more frequently affected (2:1); urethritis, acute iritis, conjunctivitis, or keratoderma blennorrhagicum occurred at some time in 42%; and the initial attack followed an unexplained febrile illness, known dysentery or urethritis, or severe musculoskeletal trauma in 41%. The arthritis was generally pauciarticular, asymmetric, and primarily in the feet and large joints of the lower extremities. Distinctive radiographic features included periostitis, severe osteopenia, calcaneal erosions, and heel spurs; three of 58 had rapid destruction of a single joint. Only ten patients (all boys) were found to have radiographic sacroiliitis after an average of five years of disease, and only three had the Reiter triad. The lifetime risk of sacroiliitis and spinal ankylosis can only be determined by long-term follow-up of such prospectively identified groups of spondyloarthritic children. PMID- 6977634 TI - Immunologic factors in human milk during the first year of lactation. AB - The effects of the duration of lactation upon lactoferrin, lysozyme, total IgA, SIgA, SIgA antibodies to Escherichia coli somatic antigens and leukocytes in human milk were investigated. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies were performed with milk collected from women 20 to 35 years of age during te first year of lactation. Collection and storage conditions and immunologic analyses were controlled to minimize confounding variables. The concentrations of lactoferrin, total IgA, and leukocytes and the uptake of 3H-thymidine by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes fell during the first several weeks of lactation; afterward, the levels of lactoferrin and IgA stabilized. Approximately 90% of total IgA in human milk during the year was SIgA. Secretory IgA antibody titers to E. coli increased in some individuals studied longitudinally suggesting that the enteromammary gland pathway of SIgA antibody production was active after several weeks of lactation. Moreover, the concentrations of lysozyme, after falling to a nadir of 20 to 30 micrograms/ml at 2 to 4 weeks, rose to 200 to 300 micrograms/ml by six months and remained elevated. The immunologic system in human milk undergoes remarkable changes which may represent adaptations for the recipient infant. PMID- 6977635 TI - Vision and motion sickness. AB - The development of motion sickness appears intimately related to the visual system. The Sensory Rearrangement Theory states that situations which promote motion sickness are characterized by a condition in which the motion signals transmitted by the eyes, vestibular system, and the nonvestibular proprioceptors are at variance as to what was expected previously. The evolutionary significance of motion sickness rests in its linkage to an early warning system to avoid poisoning. Vision is capable of aiding in the development of suppression of motion sickness. Therapy of motion sickness includes posture, restriction of head movement, visual manipulations, concurrent activity, drugs, and adaptation. PMID- 6977638 TI - TLC and GLC determination of aromatic amine impurities in bulk p-aminobenzoic acid and in its potassium and sodium salts. PMID- 6977637 TI - Analysis of oral suspensions containing sulfonamides in combination with erythromycin ethylsuccinate. AB - The sulfonamides and erythromycin ethylsuccinate in combination oral suspensions were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and automated turbidimetry, respectively. The chromatographic procedure was rapid, specific, and stability-indicating for sulfisoxazole acetyl and the trisulfapyrimidines using a reversed-phase system with UV detection at 254 nm. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate did not interfere with the sulfonamide analysis and these compounds were assayed with relative standard deviations (RDS) ranging from +/- 2.1 to +/- 3.1%. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate was determined as erythromycin with RSD values of +/- 1.3 or 3.5% without interference by the sulfonamides present. PMID- 6977636 TI - Physiologic model for the pharmacokinetics of 2'deoxycoformycin in normal and leukemic mice. AB - A flow-limited physiologic mathematical model has been developed to describe the time course of 2'deoxycoformycin (2'dCF) concentrations in the plasma and tissues of mice following iv and ip doses. Urinary excretion is modeled as a linear involving filtration and secretion, since kidney clearance exceeded estimated glomerular filtration rate. Intracellular binding is described as the sum of linear nonspecific binding plus strong saturable binding to adenosine deaminase. Pharmacokinetic parameters are determined by a sequential optimization scheme in which each tissue is studied by means of a hybrid model. The model has been used to predict pharmacokinetic behaviour of 2'dCF in both normal and leukemic mice, and model simulations are compared with published data. PMID- 6977639 TI - Long-term infusion of L-5-hydroxytryptophan increases brain serotonin turnover and decreases blood pressure in normotensive rats. PMID- 6977640 TI - A comparative study of the effects of phenytoin and phenobarbital on electrically induced maximal seizures in frogs and mice. AB - This study was undertaken to compare seizure patterns and anticonvulsant effects of phenytoin in frogs (Rana pipiens) and the CF-1 strain of mice. Maximal seizures were induced with electroshock via corneal electrodes, and phenytoin anticonvulsant effects were determined by measuring the duration of tonic hindlimb extension (THE) and prevention of the THE. To control for any possible species difference that might be unique to phenytoin, the anticonvulsant effects of phenobarbital also were compared in frogs and mice. It was found that the dose effect relationships for shortening THE duration and for prevention of THE by phenobarbital in frogs and mice were not significantly different in terms of slopes and potencies. With phenytoin, however, the dose-effect relationship for prevention of THE in mice was significantly steeper than that in frogs, whereas the slopes of the dose-effect relationships for shortening THE duration were not significantly different in these two species. Frogs decapitated 1.5 sec after electroshock exhibited THE durations equal to those in intact frogs, and phenytoin and phenobarbital efficacies in shortening THE duration were unchanged by decapitation. These results show that shortening of THE duration by both phenytoin and phenobarbital may reflect drug action in spinal or peripheral neural pathways. Also, it is suggested that phenytoin, but not phenobarbital, prevents THE by a selective action on cortical structures which are well developed in mice but are poorly developed or absent in frogs. PMID- 6977641 TI - Self-induction by oleandomycin of its own transformation into a metabolite forming an inactive complex with reduced cytochrome P-450. Comparison with troleandomycin. PMID- 6977642 TI - Does your patient have pancreatic disease? PMID- 6977644 TI - Hereditary multiple exostoses: report of a kindred. AB - In a large family with 37 members with multiple exostoses, only one person has developed sarcomatous degeneration of a lesion. Our review of published reports revealed great variation in the incidence of malignancy in multiple exostoses (10 to 25%). Most studies had sampling errors leading to the apparent overstatement of risk. In large pedigrees with essentially complete ascertainment of affected subjects, the risk of malignancy is nearer 3% or less. This lower risk for malignancy may be more appropriate in counselling affected subjects. PMID- 6977645 TI - Effect of ouabain, amiloride, and antidiuretic hormone on the sodium-transport pool in isolated epithelia from frog skin (Rana temporaria). AB - When tracer Na+ is added to the solution bathing the apical side of isolated epithelia the observed transepithelial tracer influx increases with time until a steady state is reached. The build-up of the tracer flux follows a single exponential course. The halftime for this build-up under control conditions was 0.92 +/- 0.06 min, and in the presence of ouabain 4.51 +/- 0.7 min. It is shown that the calculated Na+-transport pool is located in the cells. The Na+-transport pool under control conditions was 35.6 +/- 3.4 nmol/cm2, which corresponds to an intracellular Na+ concentration of 7.9 mM. Activation of the active Na+ transport by addition of antidiuretic hormone resulted in a highly significant increase in the Na+ transport pool, and inhibition of the transcellular Na+ transport with amiloride resulted in a decrease in the Na+-transport pool. Furthermore, the active Na+ transport increased along an S-shaped curve with increasing intracellular Na+ concentration (Na+-transport pool). The Na+ pump was found to be half saturated at an intracellular Na+ concentration of 12.5 mM. PMID- 6977643 TI - Inhibition of graft rejection by LPS: further evidence for effects on T lymphocytes. AB - The effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the growth of allografted lymphoma cells in Balb/c mice were studied. It was determined that the injection of LPS at the time of graft implantation resulted in a transient proliferation and a delay in the rejection of the graft. This effect was not attributable to any enhancement of proliferation of the lymphoma cells by LPS nor to any activity of LPS as a competing antigen or as a polyclonal activator of antibody formation. The in vitro cytotoxicity of peritoneal macrophages from LPS-treated animals against allogeneic lymphoma cells was equal to that of mice not treated with LPS. In vitro proliferation responses of splenic lymphocytes from LPS-treated animals indicated that LPS treatment produced a differential depression of Concanavalin A (Con A) responses but phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced responses were elevated significantly. These results suggest that the LPS-induced impairment of cell mediated immunity involves a subset of Con A reactive T cells whose function is important in allograft rejection. PMID- 6977648 TI - Ultrastructural histopathology of experimental Haemophilus influenzae type B. Meningitis in the infant rat. I. Leukocytes of the spinal leptomeninges. AB - We examined the origin, nature and role of cellular defense mechanisms in experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis in the infant rat using ultrastructural techniques. An extensive inflammatory exudate composed of granulocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages was observed on the leptomeninges of all animals with meningitis. At 1-3 days following Hib-inoculation, neutrophils were the major leukocytic element within the exudate while at 7-9 days the leukocyte population was dominated by macrophages. Irrespective of day of inoculation, leukocytes were observed undergoing diapedesis through the thin walled blood vessels of the subarachnoid space and pial connective tissue, a phenomenon which suggested that the cellular elements composing the inflammatory exudate originated directly from the systemic circulation. Only neutrophils and macrophages demonstrated phagocytosis of free bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid. The presence of plasma cells suggests that antibody to Hib may be synthesized locally within the subarachnoid space. Furthermore, cell-to-cell contacts among leukocytes may also contribute to the initiation and maintenance of the humoral immune response to Hib. PMID- 6977647 TI - Comparison between in vitro lymphocyte activity and metabolic changes in trauma patients. AB - This study was designed to investigate the relationship of in vitro and in vivo components of host immunocompetence and various biochemical parameters of injury. Thirteen multiple trauma victims were evaluated within 2 to 3 days postinjury while maintained on 5% glucose. The mean nitrogen balance of the patients was -18 gm/24 hr and the resting metabolic expenditure was increased 22.3%. Seventy-five per cent of the patients skin tested were anergic or relatively anergic. Patient lymphocyte response to the T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A were suppressed 45 and 48%, respectively, when compared to 24 normal healthy individuals. Total lymphocyte count (1,558) and percentage of T lymphocytes (63%) were within normal limits. The suppression of lymphocyte response to mitogens correlated by regression analysis with the negative nitrogen balances and resting metabolic expenditures in these patients (p less than 0.05). The depression of lymphocyte activity can be correlated with the catabolic response of injury in multiple trauma patients. PMID- 6977646 TI - Effect of amiloride, ouabain and Ba++ on the nonsteady-state Na - K pump flux and short-circuit current in isolated frog skin epithelia. PMID- 6977649 TI - Electronic bladder stimulation in the management of children with myelomeningocele. AB - Mentor electronic bladder stimulators were implanted in 8 children with myelomeningocele who were being managed successfully with intermittent catheterization. Satisfactory clinical performance was obtained in only 3 of these children. In the 5 failures urine flow was sporadic and unreliable. In 6 patients electrode lead wires broke where they entered the anterior abdominal fascia. None of the 8 units functioned more than 29 months. Many technical problems must be resolved before bladder stimulators will have a significant role in the management of children with myelomeningocele. PMID- 6977650 TI - First clinical experience with extracorporeally induced destruction of kidney stones by shock waves. AB - We performed extracorporeally induced destruction of kidney stones on 72 patients. No complications have resulted from the tissue exposure to high energy shock waves. Clearance studies before and after the shock wave treatment indicate no changes in renal function. The method was used successfully in all patients with stones in the renal pelvis. In none of these patients was an open operation required. Two patients with ureteral stones also were treated with shock waves but had to be operated upon because of insufficient destruction of the stone. PMID- 6977651 TI - Diagnosis of hookworm disease. PMID- 6977652 TI - Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in a homosexual man. PMID- 6977653 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously healthy adult. PMID- 6977656 TI - [A case of cutaneous lymphoma of T-cell type with preceding benign cutaneous lesions over two years (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977655 TI - [Cytapheresis therapy of adult T-cell leukemia: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977657 TI - [Two cases of pre-B-cell leukemia in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977654 TI - Arginine stimulates thymic immune function and ameliorates the obesity and the hyperglycemia of genetically obese mice. AB - The effect of 6-day dietary arginine supplementation on the weight gain, blood glucose, thymus weight, thymic lymphocyte content, and in vitro thymic lymphocyte immune reactivity was studied in obese (C57BL/6J-OB/)B) and heterozygous lean mice. Control mice were fed a commercial laboratory chow (1.8% arginine content) and drank tap water, while supplemented mice were given 0.5% arginine in the chow and 0.5% arginine solution for drinking. All mice ate and drank ad libitum. Supplemental arginine significantly decreased the weight gain (1.2 g vs. 2.2 g, p less than 0.01) and blood glucose levels (303 mg% vs 236 mg%, p less than 0.02) of the OB/OB mice; no such effects were noted in the lean heterozygotes, all of which had normal blood glucose levels. OB/OB mice had thymus glands which weighed less and contained significantly fewer lymphocytes than their lean littermates. In vitro mitogen-stimulated thymic lymphocyte protein synthetic rates were equal in chow-fed lean and OB/OB mice. In both groups, supplemental arginine significantly increased thymus weight, the number of thymic lymphocytes per gland, and thymic lymphocyte immunoreactivity in vitro. The hormonal secretagogue activity of arginine on the pituitary may explain its beneficial effects on the rate of weight gain, hyperglycemia, and depressed thymic immune function of OB/OB mice. PMID- 6977658 TI - [A pathological study on psoriasis vulgaris from the aspect of dyslipoprotenemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977659 TI - [Clinical significance of anti-RNP antibodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977660 TI - [Senile changes in epidermis; electron microscopic changes seen in the epidermis of xerosis senilis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977661 TI - [A clinical study on rubella in the Kumamoto district--a report on 64 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977662 TI - [Eosinophilic fascilitis with IgG deposition around the muscle fiber (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977664 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative studies of Meissner corpuscles in human skin, with special reference to alterations caused by aging (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977663 TI - [Giant melanosomes in acropigmentatio reticularis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977665 TI - [Ultrastructural study on anti-fungal effects of 5-fluorocytosine-influences to Trichosporon cutaneum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977666 TI - [HLA antigens in pustulosis palmaris et plantaris and pustulotic arthro-osteitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977667 TI - [New treatment of severe psoriasis-effects of the combination therapy of etretinate (Ro 10-9359) and PUVA or external corticoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977668 TI - [Clinical and histopathological study of cutaneous malignant lymphoma; with special reference to prognostic factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977669 TI - Recording of pulmonary afferent activities from receptors in the perfused lung preparation of bullfrog and effects of drugs on the afferent activities. AB - Afferent activities from receptors in the isolated lung of the bullfrog were recorded. Volley of afferent discharges synchronized with inflation of the lung and spontaneous discharges in the resting expiratory position were observed. When the solution of pH 9.5 was perfused in the pulmonary circulation, the rate of afferent discharges was slightly increased. When the pH was decreased to 5.5, the perfusion rate decreased and the rate of discharges was slightly increased initially, then markedly decreased. The amount of perfusion solution from the pulmonary vein per min and the firing frequency were almost restored to pretreatment level after the lung was perfused with normal Ringer's solution. When the temperature of the solution was from 20 degrees C to 10 degrees C, the rate of discharges was decreased. Epinephrine (1 x 10(-4) M) and 4-aminopyridine (1 x 10(-4) M and 1 x 10(-3) M) produced an increase in the rate of discharges in proportion to decrease in the perfusion rate. Histamine (1 x 10(-4) M) did not influence the firing frequency and the amount of perfusion solution from the vein per min. This method enables recording of the effect of drugs on the pulmonary afferent activities. PMID- 6977670 TI - Phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen induction of in vitro colony formation by T-cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The colony-forming capacity of peripheral blood T-cells isolated from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients was studied and compared with that of peripheral blood T-cells isolated from 2 groups of normal controls (young and aged healthy donors). Upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen. T-cells from both the patients and the controls developed into colonies but only in the presence of the appropriate conditioned media. When the responses of the 3 groups were compared, no statistically significant differences were detected. However, the number of patients who failed to respond to phytohemagglutinin was larger than that of normal controls. Studies on a selected group of patients demonstrated that such unresponsiveness was unrelated to the presence of suppressor cells or to inadequate conditions used for stimulation in culture. Rather, this unresponsiveness may be connected with an intrinsic T-cell defect present in certain B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. PMID- 6977672 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid levels of 2'-deoxycoformycin after systemic administration in monkeys. AB - 2'-Deoxycoformycin (DCF) is an inhibitor of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) and has shown promise as an antileukemia agent. For the assessment of the extent to which systemically administered DCF crosses into the central nervous system (CNS), rhesus monkeys were given iv boluses of DCF. Simultaneous blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were assayed for DCF levels at times ranging from 10 minutes to 6 hours after the drug was given. Average peak CSF drug levels of 5.5 X 10(-8) M and 3 X 10(-7) M were reached 1 1/2 - 2 hours following injections of 0.25 and 1.0 mg DCF/kg, respectively. The ratio of peak CSF to simultaneous plasma levels was 1 to 10. Data obtained from a patient who had acute lymphocytic leukemia and who was given iv DCF were comparable. Drug levels achieved within the CSF following iv administration of 0.25 mg DCF/kg are similar to those previously demonstrated to inhibit ADA. These results may be important both for understanding DCF-related CNS toxicity and for designing combination chemotherapy with DCF. PMID- 6977673 TI - [Current principles of the combined treatment of acute peritonitis]. PMID- 6977671 TI - Plasminogen activator, fibronectin, lymphotoxin sensitivity, and natural skin reactivity relationships to guinea pig cell tumorigenicity. AB - The quantitative expression of five properties of chemical carcinogen-induced, neoplastically transformed NIH strain 2 guinea pig fibroblasts was compared in cells possessing thousandfold differences in tumorigenicity. Plasminogen activator synthesis, sensitivity to lymphotoxin inhibition of cell proliferation, and the ability to induce a natural delayed tuberculin-type skin reaction in nonimmune syngeneic guinea pigs correlated directly with the number of cells required to produce a tumor. The most tumorigenic cells (10(2)-cell threshold dose) produced the most plasminogen activator, were most sensitive to lymphotoxin, and produced the greatest skin reactivity. Cells with a threshold tumor dose of 10(5)-10(7) cells exhibited the lowest expression of these properties. Fibronectin incorporation into an extracellular matrix was diminished in tumorigenic cells, as was anchorage-dependent growth; but neither diminished fibronectin incorporation nor the decreased anchorage requirement correlated quantitatively with the number of cells required to produce a tumor. The present investigation indicates that plasminogen activator synthesis, sensitivity to lymphotoxin, and the capacity of tumorigenic cells to induce natural delayed-type skin reactivity are among the factors that influence initial tumor growth. Plasminogen activator, an extracellular protease, may aid in the growth and spread of tumor cells in vivo by interfering with host fibrin deposition and by inactivating other host proteins such as lymphotoxin. PMID- 6977674 TI - [Radioisotope angiography in arterial occlusive diseases]. PMID- 6977675 TI - [The influence of chronic relapsing infections of the air passages on the subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with atopic diseases (author's transl)]. AB - In 68 children with atopic diseases and 42 controls of the same age, the authors conducted lymphocyte differentiation examinations. The T-lymphocytes were determined by means of the E-rosette technique, whereas the B-cell counts were determined via monospecific fluorescein-marked anti-immunoglobulin sera. The entire group of juvenile atopics was separated into one group with massed infections and another group without susceptibility to infection. The group of children without susceptibility to infection concomitant with existing atopy, showed significantly relative T-lymphocyte counts, compared with the control group, the relative and absolute counts of the other lymphocyte subpopulation being normal. In the group of juvenile atopics with a pronounced tendency to infection, the T-cell deficiency and normal absolute T-lymphocyte counts are even more conspicuous, whereas the B-cell and O-cell counts are higher than with the control group. It is possible to identify the influence of chronic relapsing infections on the lymphocyte subpopulation in atopics. The article discusses the problem of the type of cellular immunodefect in atopic children without previous history of an infection. PMID- 6977676 TI - [Computerized perimetry in infants treated with ethambutol (author's transl)]. AB - Computerized perimetry of the central visual field (Competer) was utilized in 12 eyes of children treated with Ethambutol because of tuberculosis to verify potential visual hazards of the drug. Visual acuity, visual field and the mean retinal threshold of the central field revealed no significant changes with increasing cumulative Ethambutol dose up to 166.5 g. The visual field was re checked five times with a consecutive time lapse of 7 weeks. It can be concluded that the critical total dose of 150 g that is considered to be potential dangerous in adults does not affect the optic nerve of the infant either. Since this total dose can be exceeded in the continued treatment of the disease parents should be aware of the necessity of repeated visual field examinations or color vision testing. This concern is especially valid in infants suffering from renal tuberculosis because of higher plasma levels of the drug when excretion is prolonged. PMID- 6977678 TI - [Optokinetic effects and the development of motion sickness]. PMID- 6977679 TI - [Human tolerance to rotation at different levels of increased gravitation]. AB - The effects of acceleration of different value (up to 2 g) on the level of motion sickness, vestibular and postural reactions to rotation were studied. The experiments were carried out in a centrifuge equipped with a cabin that could be mounted at a different distance from the axis of rotation. Three experimental runs were conducted with a rate of rotation of 15.3 and accelerations values of 1.09, 1.6 and 2.0 g. Vestibular stimulation was produced by head movements of a predetermined number. It was found that with increase in the acceleration value the level of motion sickness decreased and the nystagmic reaction and balance dysfunction enhanced. PMID- 6977677 TI - [Results of a study of vestibular function and space perception in cosmonauts]. AB - The results of studying the vestibular function and the function of spatial perception in 26 cosmonauts before and after 30 space flights are discussed. The typical postflight changes in these functions were: an increase in the reactivity of the otolith organ, a decrease in the sensitivity of semicircular canals, a decline in the accuracy of perception of spatial coordinates, asymmetry of most parameters, development of illusionary reactions inflight. The cosmonauts also showed individual variations with respect to the degrees of the above responses, the dynamics and length of adaptation, the development of the motion sickness symptom-complex, etc. At R+O some cosmonauts exhibited a change in the direction of the eye counter-rotation, i. e., the negative otolith reflex or at turn towards the tilt direction. Possible mechanisms of these vestibular changes are discussed. PMID- 6977682 TI - Technique and value of operative arteriography in coronary artery bypass operations. AB - In an attempt to make evaluation of coronary artery bypass more meaningful, operative coronary arteriography has been used to aid in defining more precisely the technical aspects of the operation at a time when corrective measures can be carried out. Arteriography is performed following the completion of distal bypass graft anastomoses, whether saphenous vein or internal mammary artery (IMA) bypasses are used. Cut films are exposed at the rate of 2 to 4 frames per second and are evaluated for showing (1) status of anastomosis, (2) status of runoff, (3) lesions undetected preoperatively, and (4) any problems with the bypass conduit. A total of 934 vessels (including 107 IMA grafts) have been visualized in 535 patients. Some form of technical revision was necessary in nine instances. The use of this technique during intraoperative balloon dilatation, in conjunction with and to extend the benefits of conventional bypass, is currently being evaluated. PMID- 6977681 TI - Androgen metabolism and mechanism of action in prolactin secreting rat pituitary cells in culture. PMID- 6977683 TI - Thoracoscopic evaluation of intrathoracic lesions in children. AB - In the last 3 years, we have used transthorascopic biopsy for the diagnosis of intrathoracic pulmonary lesions in 17 children ranging in age from 5 months to 17 years. The procedure is performed under a variety of anesthetic conditions ranging from local infiltrative to general endotracheal anesthesia. A fiberoptic rod lens system with cautery is utilized for direct observation and biopsy of intrathoracic pulmonary lesions. Biopsy specimens have been adequate for diagnosis in each child. Death and morbidity have not occurred. This technique is a safe, direct means under minimal anesthesia for the diagnosis of diffuse or localized intrathoracic disease in children. PMID- 6977680 TI - Identification of rat T and B lymphocytes by surface marker analysis. AB - The majority of thymocytes in suspension (72.1%) formed nonimmune rosettes with guineapig erythrocytes but not with erythrocytes from sheep, cats, dogs, pigs, or man. In contrast, only a minority of cells form lymph node (2.1%) or spleen (1.4%) rosetted with guineapig erythrocytes. Treatment of guineapig erythrocytes with neuraminidase of 2-S-aminoethyl-isothiouronium bromide did not enhance rosette formation. Adherence of the erythrocytes to tissue sections was achieved in the thymic cortex and T-cell-dependent areas of lymph node and spleen. Absorbed equine anti-rat antithymocyte serum bound 98% thymocytes and 70.0, 35.1 and 44.6% lymphocytes from peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes respectively. Surface immunoglobulin was demonstrated on 2.2% thymocytes, 35% peripheral-blood lymphocytes and 43 and 51% cells from lymph nodes and spleen respectively, Complement receptors were determined in suspension with erythrocyte-antibody complement complexes. Rosetting was observed in 44% splenic, 29% lymph node and 3% thymocyte cellular suspension. The presence of Fc receptors for IgG was assessed by determining the pattern of binding of erythrocyte-antibody complexes to frozen tissue sections. For rats, antithymocyte serum is the method of choice for T cells, whereas SIg determination is the most reliable B-cell marker. PMID- 6977686 TI - Increased regional myocardial perfusion after intracoronary papaverine in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - The objective of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is to increase blood flow to ischemic areas of the myocardium. To determine if this was achieved, anterior wall myocardial perfusion was measured at rest and during intracoronary papaverine (5 mg), with the use of xenon-133 washout in 35 patients. Twelve control patients had no significant diameter narrowing (0% to 25%) of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), 13 patients had greater than 50% narrowing of the LAD, and 10 patients had greater than 50% narrowing of the LAD with patent saphenous vein bypass grafts to the LAD. There was no significant difference in age. LVEDP, and global ejection fraction among the patients. There was no significant difference in anterior wall myocardial perfusion at rest between control subjects (61.0 +/- 3.7 ml/min/100 gm) and non-CABG LAD patients (60.2 +/- 5.4 ml/min/100 gm), or CABG LAD patients (63.4 +/- 4.8 ml/min/100 gm). After coronary arteriolar vasodilatation with papaverine, anterior wall perfusion increased in the CABG patients to 140.6 +/- 6.8 ml/min/100 gm. This was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) than the increase in the non-CABG LAD patients (72.8 +/- 8.1 ml/min/100 gm) but not different from the increase in the control subjects (145.3 +/- 8.4 ml/min/100 gm). In three cases, the same patients were studied before and after CABG with identical results. These data indicate that in patients with coronary disease, increases in myocardial perfusion are limited by the resistance of the proximal stenosis independent of vasodilatation distal to the stenosis. After successful CABG, the patent vein graft restores control of myocardial perfusion to the arteriolar bed. PMID- 6977688 TI - Increased stability of E-rosettes and restricted capping of sheep erythrocytes by lymphocytes of aged humans. AB - The processes of E-rosette dissociation and sheep red blood cell (SRBC) capping provide simple assays for studying age-related changes in membrane dynamics of T lymphocytes. After incubation at 4 degrees C, no significant difference is observed between young-adult and elderly subjects, either in the number of rosette-forming-cells (E-RFC) or in the distribution of SRBC at the lymphocyte surface. However, when the E-RFC are incubated at 22 or 37 degrees C after resuspension, the rosettes disintegrate to a larger extent forming fewer morula like structures and more caps in young donors. An inverse relationship is noted between the number of E-RFC and the percentage of capping cells, suggesting a role for the lateral movement of the SRBC receptors in the dissociation process. In the elderly, rosette disintegration seems to be related only to the random release of SRBC. It is speculated that this increased stability of the E-rosettes represents some locking of the T-lymphocyte membrane receptors, which could alter the transduction of cell-cell signals. PMID- 6977684 TI - Relationship between graft patency, postoperative work status, and symptomatic relief. AB - In 405 men under the age of 65 requiring coronary bypass, in whom 6 month postoperative arteriograms were performed, we compared graft patency to postoperative work status and recurrent symptoms. We divided the population into subgroups of patients with varying degrees of patency. When these subgroups were tested, no significant dependence was found between the degree of graft patency and the percentages of patients who were working after operation, unless certain subgroups were removed from the population. When relief of angina was examined in the same manner as the postoperative work, we found a significant dependence between the graft patency and the percentage of patients who reported either short or long-term relief of angina in all groups. Because the rate of rehabilitation was high, even in patients with occluded grafts, and because older patients were less likely to return to work than younger patients despite successful revascularization, we conclude that physician emphasis on work rehabilitation and patient age, as well as graft patency, are all important factors which influence postoperative work status. PMID- 6977687 TI - Bacteremia in hospitalized children: a one-year experience. PMID- 6977689 TI - Effect of age on generation of progeny from antigen-stimulated human lymphocytes. AB - Numerous studies have shown the proliferative response to various mitogenic stimuli of peripheral blood lymphocytes from elderly humans to be impaired. The present investigation examined the termination phase of antigen-stimulated proliferative responses of lymphocytes from elderly and young subjects. In both groups, the responding lymphocytes appeared to stop proliferating and enter the resting stage of the cell cycle when a certain total number of progeny had been generated, suggesting the phenomenon of density-dependent regulation of growth. Lymphocytes from elderly subjects stopped proliferating when significantly fewer progeny had been generated than did those from young subjects. The data suggest, therefore, that lymphocytes from elderly humans may have increased sensitivity to one or more of the factors which cause density-dependent inhibition of growth. PMID- 6977685 TI - Assessment of saphenous vein graft patency by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. AB - Early saphenous vein coronary bypass graft patency has been found to range from 82% to 94%. Recent advances in computed tomography have led to the development of a safe, effective, and "relatively noninvasive" means of assessing early graft patency. We designed a prospective study using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), postulating that selected grafts might be redone prior to the development of pericardial adhesions if early closure was demonstrated. Forty three random patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass comprise the study group. All patients underwent CECT study of graft patency an average of 6 days postoperatively (range 1 to 17 days). Ninety of 96 grafts were open, for an early patency rate of 94%. Three of the grafts were closed because of poor run off or extensive distal coronary atherosclerosis. Two additional grafts were closed, one in a patient with severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta and one in a patient having triple vessel bypass using cephalic vein because of limited conduit material. Only one graft was closed without apparent cause and judged potentially suitable for reoperation. CECT was found to be a safe and potentially useful means of assessing early graft patency, particularly in patients sustaining untoward clinical events. PMID- 6977690 TI - [Socio-medical aspects of rheumatic diseases in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina]. PMID- 6977692 TI - Laser coagulation in the upper GI tract: a preliminary light and scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Experimentally intact as well as artificially damaged mucosa of porcine stomach was endoscopically coagulated with Nd:YAG laser beams. Energy, intensity pattern, and time of application of the irradiation was varied and supracellular changes of the coagulated mucosa were subsequently investigated with the scanning electron microscope. The mucosa, damaged by laser beams, showed three typical zones: 1. a superficial, central carbonisation zone protected with a thin layer of coagulated mucus; 2. an elevated hyperemic ring with complete loss of superficial epithelium, but intact basement membrane and a blood clotting of the mucosal capillaries; 3. normal mucosa. After coagulating artificially induced bleeding of the mucosa the irradiated centre showed a deep depression with a carbonized surface. Two weeks later regeneration had occurred and there was complete reepithelialisation of the mucosa to about two-thirds of normal thickness. PMID- 6977693 TI - Suppression of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL)- specific delayed -type hypersensitivity responses in mice by suppressor T cells after neonatal administration of anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - Anti-idiotypic rabbit antiserum (anti-Id) directed to the idiotypes of anti-hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) antibody froma single C3H mouse (No. 2) was shown to be capable of recognizing only a fraction of the anti-HEL antibody populations produced by other C3H mice. Experiments were performed to examine the effect of this particular anti-Id on the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response specific for the same protein antigen. A group of 60-day-old C3H mice which had been administered anti-Id within 24 hr after birth were tested for HEL-DTH response. The results indicated that the DTH response was completely suppressed by the anit-Id treatment. The inhibition of DTH reactivity is due to active suppression and involves the generation of suppressor T cells. Thus, the suppression induced with a single injection of anti-Id was transferable with both spleen cells and thymocytes from mice, that received anti-Id. These suppressor cells are T cells since their ability to suppress DTH is completely abrogated by treatment in vitro with anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement. PMID- 6977691 TI - [Prolymphocyte T-cell leukemia: quantitative cytomorphological, cytochemical and ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977694 TI - Stimulation of Immunoglobulin production from human B lymphocytes by Staphylococcus aureus: effects of monocytes and con A-induced suppressor cells. AB - Significant immunoglobulin (Ig) production by human peripheral blood lymphocytes was induced in vitro by stimulating the cells with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SpA CoI). IgG, IgM, and IgA were determined by a combination of the latex fixation test and radioimmunoassay. High levels (1,000 to 5,000 microgram/ml of IgG and IgM and a lesser amount of IgA were constantly produced during 7 to 8 days of incubation with both stimulants. Ig production induced by SpA CoI stimulation was independent of the presence of T cells, while Ig production induced by PWM required T cells exclusively. Depletion of monocytes in the culture caused but a slight decrease in Ig production (particularly in the case of IgG). While the addition of a small number of monocytes enhanced IgG induction by both stimulants, coculture with an excess number of monocytes inhibited Ig induction (particularly IgG) by PWM stimulation but not by SpA CoI stimulation. Marked suppression of Ig production (IgG, IgM, and IgA) was observed in cocultures with Con A-activated T cells. The phenomena of suppression were observed in both the SpA CoI-stimulated and PWM-stimulated lymphocytes. These data indicated that Ig production from B cells and relatively of independent of monocytes, but could be subjected to the regulation of the Con A-induced suppressor T cells. PMID- 6977695 TI - New imaging modalities: positron emission tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Positron emission tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance represent two new imaging modalities that utilize computer technology to provide tomographic images of the body. Positron emission tomography uses special metabolic imaging agents, which are positron emitters, to provide information on the metabolic processes that take place within the liver, kidney, and brain, and to allow study of physiologic changing systems such as blood flow. Nuclear magnetic resonance is used to evaluate the chemical constituents and the chemical composition of select tomographic areas within organs of interest. Both methods show great promise for the diagnosis and management of disease. PMID- 6977698 TI - Ocular manifestations of rheumatic diseases (Part I). PMID- 6977696 TI - Issues in immunologically-mediated hepatic injury. AB - Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus is widespread, and there are other forms of chronic hepatitis in which the host's immune response is pathogenic. A conference study group report assessed faulty immune effector mechanisms. The immune pathways considered were effector cell recruitment and cytolytic mechanisms, including hepatocyte killing by antigen-specific T lymphocytes, non antigen-specific cells (K and NK cells, macrophages), and antibody plus complement. Also considered were "modulating" effects of surface-located antibody which could result in reduction of killing by T cells of virus-infected hepatocytes which could facilitate chronicity. Evidence for participation of these immune effector processes has not yet been convincing in human chronic hepatitis. Future research must be directed to defining the type and specificity of cytolytic effector systems and circumstances under which host antibody diminishes or augments the activity of such systems, delineating putative auto antigens, and developing suitable animals models. PMID- 6977697 TI - Surgical treatment of angina pectoris in the elderly. AB - We collected hospital and follow-up data for a consecutive series of 35 patients aged 65 years and over who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting for the relief of severe angina pectoris between January, 1974, and June, 1979. The inhospital mortality was 2.8% (one patient). Three patients (9%) suffered perioperative myocardial infaction, three (9%) were reoperated upon for early postoperative bleeding, and four (11%) had significant cerebrovascular complications. Only the latter rate differs significantly (P = 0.05) from the rate of complications reported in published series which include patients of all ages. Late mortality at a mean of 24.3 months follow-up was 12% (four late deaths). Relief of angina in survivors was excellent, with 20 of the 30 survivors (67%) free of chest pain at the time of follow-up. Twenty-five of the 30 survivors (82%) reported no limitation of their activities. Results in the elderly group were compared with those obtained for 322 consecutive patients of all ages, tha latter group having an operative mortality of 3.4%, a late mortality (at a mean of 15 months follow-up) of 12%, complete relief of angina in 62% and complete freedom from physical incapacity in 61% of survivors. Good short term and long-term results can be obtained from coronary artery bypass grafting in symptomatic elderly patients, but with an increased risk of cerebrovascular complications. PMID- 6977700 TI - Purification of human alpha-light class lymphotoxin to electrophoretic homogeneity. PMID- 6977701 TI - The use of protein A and concanavalin A to examine the possible role of the carbohydrate of IgG in the binding of Clq. PMID- 6977699 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to myoglobin. VI. Inter-site influences in T-lymphocyte proliferative response from analysis of cross-reactions of ten myoglobins in terms of substitutions in the antigenic sites and in environmental residues of the sites. PMID- 6977703 TI - Fourth Annual Brookdale Medical Conference on Geriatrics and Gerontology. A multidisciplinary approach to the medical and social problems of the aging. PMID- 6977707 TI - Biobehavioral approaches to dementia. PMID- 6977705 TI - Aging, diabetes, and obesity: standards of normality. PMID- 6977706 TI - Cancer in the aged. PMID- 6977704 TI - The interface of clinical and ethical decisions in the care of the elderly. PMID- 6977708 TI - Prospects and advances in geriatrics. PMID- 6977709 TI - The dependent elderly and women's changing roles. PMID- 6977710 TI - Pneumococcal pneumonia and pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 6977702 TI - Heterogeneity of human T-cell growth factor(s) due to variable glycosylation. PMID- 6977712 TI - Psychiatric aspects of the cardiac patient. PMID- 6977714 TI - Workshop I (part a). Research in clinical medicine in the aged. PMID- 6977711 TI - The current status of cataract and intraocular lens implant surgery. PMID- 6977713 TI - Social research on aging and the aged: where are we now? PMID- 6977715 TI - Workshop I (part b). Summary: applied biomedical research. PMID- 6977716 TI - Workshop II. Case management and family involvement. PMID- 6977717 TI - Workshop III. The elderly and the social health care continuum. PMID- 6977718 TI - Workshop IV. Advances and services in geriatrics for health care administrators. PMID- 6977719 TI - Routine endoscopy in upper-gastrointestinal-tract bleeding. PMID- 6977720 TI - Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. PMID- 6977722 TI - Nifedipine for coronary-artery spasm after revascularization. PMID- 6977721 TI - Abnormal regulation of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the Williams syndrome. PMID- 6977723 TI - Case 41-1981: malignant lymphoma with hypercalcemia. PMID- 6977724 TI - Monoclonal antibody to Lyt 2 antigen blocks H-2I- and H-2K- specific mouse cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6977725 TI - Human tumour antigens defined by cytotoxicity and proliferative responses of cultured lymphoid cells. PMID- 6977726 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenza in Nebraska. PMID- 6977727 TI - [Microvascular decompression of trigeminal nerve in the pontine angle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977729 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E1 in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. AB - The effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a potent inhibitor of lymphocyte functions, were studied in rats immunized with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) to induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Daily injections of PGE1, 400 micrograms per day, prevented the development of acute EAMG, which is attributed to antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytolysis. This was associated with suppression of delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity response to AChR. PGE1 did not prevent the subsequent onset of chronic EAMG, which reflects accelerated degradation of AChR by antibody and complement-mediated cell lysis in the postsynaptic membrane. PMID- 6977728 TI - [Frequency and clinical significance of CAT findings in purulent and lymphocytic meningitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977731 TI - [Complications of cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 6977730 TI - [Treatment of a massive digestive hemorrhage caused by an aorto-paraprosthetic duodenal fistula]. PMID- 6977732 TI - [A case of mycosis fungoides with plasma cell activation and hypergammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 6977733 TI - [The ophthalmologist and headache]. PMID- 6977734 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of community strains of the genus Staphylococcus with special reference to S saprophyticus. PMID- 6977735 TI - 5-hydroxytryptophan uptake in indoleaminergic nerve fibers within rat cerebrovascular tree. PMID- 6977737 TI - Congratulations! You're in charge. PMID- 6977736 TI - Ubiquitous presence of the tailed, asymmetric forms of acetylcholinesterase in the peripheral and central nervous systems of the frog (Rana temporaria). AB - Five molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase can be solubilized from the peripheral and central nervous systems of the frog: they will be referred to as the 3.6, 6, 10.5, 14 and 18 S forms. They seem to be analogous to the forms present in endplate-rich and endplate-free regions of frog skeletal muscle. In particular the 18 and 14 S forms represent the collagen-tailed forms of frog acetylcholinesterase. These heavy forms are found in all peripheral and central tissues examined, including whole brain or regions of brain: cerebellum, telencephalon, optic tectum, spinal cord, spinal ventral and dorsal roots and sciatic nerve, as well as in glial or Schwann cellrich tissues devoid of neuronal elements, such as the filum terminale or the severed stump of the nerve, several weeks after section. The 18 S form may represent up to 30% of total acetylcholinesterase activity. It thus seems that the 14 S and 18 S forms are very widely distributed throughout most neuronal and non-neuronal tissues in amphibians. PMID- 6977739 TI - What to do when you just can't communicate. PMID- 6977738 TI - Your patient needs two diagnoses-medical & nursing. PMID- 6977740 TI - Variety, flexibility, and independence--the benefits of being a pediatric nurse practitioner. PMID- 6977741 TI - A case for malpractice insurance: don't get caught without it. PMID- 6977742 TI - How to assess your wellness--& become a model for your patients. PMID- 6977743 TI - Changing jobs: take the gamble out of it. PMID- 6977744 TI - What's your stress level? PMID- 6977745 TI - A question of ethics: the patient's right to know. PMID- 6977746 TI - Be a good Samaritan? Better weigh the risks. PMID- 6977747 TI - Court case: what went wrong? PMID- 6977749 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery audit. PMID- 6977748 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae isolates in Wellington hospital. AB - 103 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated during June to October 1980 were tested for susceptibility to seven antimicrobials using the Dynatech MIC 2000 system. Six strains (5.8 percent) were resistant to ampicillin (one type b, five untypable) and all of these produced beta-lactamase. Two of these six strains were isolated from blood; one untypable strain in an adult with pneumonia, and one type b strain in a child with acute epiglottitis. No resistance to the other six antimicrobials was found, except for one strain resistant to tetracycline. All isolates were biotyped, but there were no correlation between biotype and antimicrobial resistance. PMID- 6977750 TI - Heterozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: a longitudinal lung function study. AB - alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes were determined in 906 adults from an entire community; 4.9 percent were heterozygotes (Pi MZ) for severe deficiency and 8 percent were heterozygotes (Pi MS) for mild deficiency. Lung function both in cross-section and over a period of three years was examined in those subjects with the two heterozygote deficiency phenotypes and compared with the lung function of those with the normal Pi M phenotype. FVC and FEV1 were standardised for age, sex, height, race, smoking habit and quantum, and respiratory symptoms. Using techniques of multivariate analysis and rigorous matched pairs there was no evidence of a deterioration in lung function in Pi MS or Pi MZ subjects. The tests used did not exclude the possibility of minor alveolar abnormalities but the results do allow the confident counselling of heterozygotes that they can look forward to full respiratory health. PMID- 6977752 TI - The role of endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6977753 TI - Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency and lung function. PMID- 6977751 TI - Elementary pharmacokinetics in clinical practice 4: genetic, environmental and age influences on pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6977754 TI - Xenogeneic cellular immune responses and the control of microscopic tumor. A model. AB - Regimens for the generation of a highly cytotoxic xenogeneic response, the mechanism of this response, and its effect on tumor cells were investigated in a rat antimouse tumor system. Fischer 344 rats were immunized with EL-4 lymphoma and the ability of the sensitized rat lymphocytes to suppress the local growth of four different C57BL/6 tumors was evaluated. Optimal sensitization of the rat was achieved using large numbers of viable tumor cells in a primary intraperitoneal immunization. Highly cytotoxic effector cells generated in this xenogeneic setting significantly suppressed the local growth of appropriate tumor targets. Rat T cells appeared to be the sole effector cell and their effect was abrogated by anti-rat immune responses in the host mouse. This rat anti-EL-4 model with allow further investigation into xenogeneic antitumor responses and their possible role in local immunotherapy. PMID- 6977755 TI - Ocular manifestations in thalassemia minor. AB - The authors report the results of a study on 96 subjects affected with thalassemia minor. The study was made at the Center for the Study of Microcythemia of the OORR in Naples. Of extreme scientific interest is the finding of ocular involvement in 33.3% of the cases. Therefore, after formulating a pathogenetic hypothesis, the authors plan more involved studies and research on these patients. PMID- 6977756 TI - Eye movement abnormalities in rod monochromacy. AB - Eye movements were studied quantitatively using electro-oculography in seven patients with rod monochromacy. Attention was given to eye movement abnormalities that could help to differentiate rod monochromacy from other forms of congenital nystagmus. Horizontal nystagmus in center gaze had pendular and jerk waveforms with much lower amplitude than that in patients with other forms of congenital nystagmus and visual acuity of 20/200-20/400. Slow build-up of slow component velocity over many seconds and directional asymmetry of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) were observed during monocular optokinetic stimulation. The directional asymmetry of OKN was characterized by a higher OKN gain (eye velocity/OKN drum velocity) during rotation of the OKN drum in the temporal-to-nasal direction in the visual field, than that during drum rotation in the nasal-to temporal direction. Similar directional asymmetry and slow build-up are found in afoveate animals, such as the rabbit, during monocular optokinetic stimulation, but are not found in normal human subjects or in patients with other forms of congenital nystagmus. PMID- 6977757 TI - [Electric stimulation of bone regeneration in the treatment of ununited fractures and pseudarthroses]. PMID- 6977759 TI - Evaluation of anti-nuclear antibody tests. A Report on The Workshop of the Australian Rheumatism Association, October 1980. PMID- 6977758 TI - Invited review. Host-versus-parasite responses. PMID- 6977761 TI - [Hemorrhagic right colon angiodysplasia. Value of coloscopy]. PMID- 6977760 TI - Pediatric victims of unexplained stroke and their families: familial lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities. PMID- 6977762 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis with antinuclear factor. A prospective study of 50 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and laboratory features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with antinuclear factor (ANF) were prospectively analyzed in 50 patients and compared with those of another series of 50 patients of similar age, sex and duration of disease, but without ANF. The severity of articular lesions was about the same in both series, but systemic symptoms and Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome occurred more frequently in patients with ANF. Gold compounds and D-penicillamine appeared to be well tolerated by all patients. RA patients with ANF had more strongly positive responses to latex and Waaler-Rose tests. Farr's radioimmunoassay was sometimes positive (11/49), but as a rule, the degree of positivity was inferior to 50%. PMID- 6977763 TI - [Epidemiological risk factors in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6977764 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation. 2. A programme to improve lifestyle. PMID- 6977765 TI - [Immunologic system in old age]. PMID- 6977766 TI - Synthesis and biological properties of some 5-aminoorotic acid derivatives. AB - 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-benzoylaminopyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid 1 in the reaction with SOCI2 gave 1-benzoyl-2-oxo-4,6-dihyroxyazetino [3.2-d] pyrimidine 2 which reacted with aliphatic and aromatic amines in ethanol to give appropriate amides 4a-4h of 1 and ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-5-benzolaminopyrimidine-6-carboxylate 5. Compounds 4d 4g and 8 were centrally active and showed a promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. PMID- 6977767 TI - Mortality in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: a six-year survey from the University Hospital of Wales. PMID- 6977768 TI - [Duplications of the duodenum in the adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977769 TI - [Nature of the disturbance of immune protection in diabetes mellitus and its correction with levamisole]. AB - The number of T-rosette forming cells was shown to be reduced, T-lymphocytes functional activity decreased, and phagocytic activity depressed in patients with diabetes mellitus. This may point to weak immune response of the body and favor the development of bacterial complications in such patients. Levamisol stimulates the above immunity parameters in diabetic patients. PMID- 6977770 TI - [Possible causes of isosensitization to HLA antigens in women]. PMID- 6977771 TI - [Role of the lymphocytes in regulating erythropoiesis]. PMID- 6977772 TI - [Status of the T-immunity system in specific and nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the genital organs in men]. PMID- 6977773 TI - [Case of histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6977774 TI - Neonatal tolerance to alloantigens alters major histocompatibility complex restricted response patterns. AB - Male-specific transplantation antigen (H-Y)-immune cytotoxic T cells of some individual CBA/H mice exhibit lytic activity on male and female allogeneic targets (e.g., H-2b). Neonatal tolerance to H-2b abrogates the ability of CBA mice to generate secondary H-Y-immune cytotoxic T cells, but such cell activity to third-party alloantigens and to Bebaru and influenza virus is not impaired. The results are discussed in relationship to dominant major histocompatibility complex-coded immune response gene effects on cytotoxic T-cell responses. PMID- 6977775 TI - Increased responses to lymphokines are correlated with preleukemia in mice inoculated with Moloney leukemia virus. AB - In various mouse strains, inoculation with Moloney leukemia virus results in the establishment of an acute viremia which in most cases is followed by the induction of leukemia. Also associated with the viremia is the development of a chronic cellular immune response detectable in vitro by the ability of viral proteins to induce splenic lymphocyte proliferation. Previous studies have demonstrated that, in the absence of this cellular immune response, leukemia does not develop irrespective of whether viremia is present [Lee, J. C. & Ihle, J. N. (1981) Nature (London) 289, 407-409]. In vitro proliferative responses to antigens involve the nonspecific response of various subpopulations of lymphocytes to lymphokines produced by antigen-specific Thy 1+, Lyt 1+,2- lymphocytes. The studies presented here concern the effects of a chronic immune response in viremic mice on the frequency of lymphocytes capable of responding to lymphokines in vitro. The data demonstrate that the number of responsive lymphocytes is increased 30- to 100-fold in preleukemic mice and that such increases are dependent upon the induction of an immune response in viremic mice. The role of this altered immune response in leukemia is discussed. PMID- 6977777 TI - Regression of malignant melanoma in a dog by local injections of a partially purified preparation containing human alpha-lymphotoxin. PMID- 6977776 TI - Modification of age-related immune decline in mice dietarily restricted from or after midadulthood. AB - Although weaning-initiated dietary restriction of rodents is known to increase maximum survivorship and inhibit spontaneous late-life disease and immunologic aging, restriction begun in adulthood has been much less thoroughly evaluated. In the present studies, male mice of a long-lived F1 hybrid strain were gradually restricted dietarily beginning at 12 mo or older until their body weights stabilized at 60-70% of controls. Underfeeding decreased the number of nucleated cells per spleen but increased the percentage of T cells. For mice restricted at 12, 17, or 22 mo and tested at various ages thereafter, the [3H]thymidine uptake of spleen cells after phytohemagglutinin stimulation significantly exceeded values for age-matched unrestricted controls. Restriction did not, however, alter either splenocyte responses to concanavalin A or to B-cell mitogens or phytohemagglutinin responses of peripheral lymph node cells. In the splenic plaque-forming cell response to injected sheep erythrocytes, restricted and control mice differed more clearly in response kinetics than in peak levels. The splenic cell-mediated lymphocytotoxic response to alloantigens was comparable in old mice (27-29 mo) restricted since 12 mo of age with that of young (5- to 6-mo) controls and was greater than that of age-matched old controls. Spontaneous tumors were observed less frequently in 19- to 25-mo-old mice restricted at 12 mo of age than in mice restricted at 17 mo or in controls. Our results indicate that appropriate food restriction initiated in adulthood influences immunosenescence and spontaneous tumor incidence in a fashion not unlike its weaning-initiated counterpart. PMID- 6977778 TI - Conjectures on factor VIII bypassing activity. PMID- 6977779 TI - An overview: hemophilia and hemostasis. PMID- 6977780 TI - The complex biology of infection. PMID- 6977781 TI - The applications of nutritional epidemiology. PMID- 6977783 TI - Maximal electrical stimulation for female urinary incontinence. PMID- 6977782 TI - The role of enzymes in the digestive tract. PMID- 6977784 TI - Repair of ultraviolet-damaged transforming DNA in a mismatch repair-deficient strain of Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6977785 TI - Ultraviolet sensitivity of the addition, deletion and replacement of long nonhomologous DNA segments by genetic transformation of Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6977787 TI - [Technique of application of contrast media in computed tomography of the heart (author's transl)]. AB - Cardiac imaging by means of CT requires administration of intravenous contrast medium which can be applied by infusion or by rapid bolus injection. Contrast infusion is easier in performance and yields opacification of all cardiac cavities. Using bolus technique selective enhancement of cardiac chambers can be obtained which provides increased image quality and better resolution of cardiac structures. Both techniques are described and the results of 221 examinations are analysed with special respect to image quality, technical amount and contrast media side effects. PMID- 6977786 TI - Determinants of drug treatment maintenance among hypertensive persons in inner city Detroit. AB - Drug treatment maintenance among a group of 206 hypertensive persons was examined in relation to their health beliefs, knowledge about hypertension, barriers to receiving medical care, health status, and personal characteristics. The data came from a cross-sectional survey of approximately 800 adults living in Detroit, Mich., which included blood pressure measurements of respondents. Treatment maintenance was defined as continuing to take antihypertensive medication following a diagnosis of hypertension. Twenty-one percent of the 206 hypertensives interviewed reported discontinuing drug treatment for their high blood pressure without being advised by a physician to do so. The only factor that distinguished drop-outs from nondrops was the respondents' perception of their health status; the poorer a person perceived his or her health to be, the more likely the person was to remain in treatment. Among persons who dropped out of drug treatment, the most common reason given for discontinuing was that they felt well without the medicine. Given the asymptomatic nature of hypertension, it is suggested that many of those who stop taking medication do so because they see no need to continue therapy. The findings from this study point out the need for providers to emphasize to their hypertensive patients the reasons for continuing on treatment even when they feel well. PMID- 6977788 TI - [Computed tomography and/or ventriculography? (author's transl)]. AB - It is discussed if in intracranial tumors, especially in tumors of the posterior cranial fossa, a CT and/or a ventriculography should be practiced. We have made investigations of 134 patients, 93 of whom were children up to 14 years of age. Each case was undertaken computed tomography as well as ventriculography. The results are clearly demonstrating the superiority of computed tomography compared with ventriculography. Ventriculography is a surgical intervention stressing the patients, side-effects may occur, and sometimes serious complications are caused. Modern computed tomography is producing pictures of high quality, which are highly sufficient for neurosurgical intervention. Very rarely additional angiography has to be performed. The diagnosis of intracranial tumors can fully be established by computed tomography, whereas ventriculography is no longer necessary. PMID- 6977789 TI - Enlarged cerebrospinal fluid spaces in infants with subdural hematomas. AB - Computed tomography in 16 infants with subdural hematomas showed enlarged basal cisterns, a wide interhemispheric fissure, prominent cortical sulci, and varying degrees of ventricular enlargement. Radionuclide cisternography in eight of the 16 patients showed findings consistent with enlargement of the subarachnoid space rather than those of communicating hydrocephalus. Clinical findings and brief follow-up showed no convincing evidence for cerebral atrophy in 13 patients. These findings suggest that the enlarged subarachnoid space, which is encountered in some infants and may be a developmental variant, predisposes such infants to subdural hematomas. PMID- 6977791 TI - Radionuclide localization of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6977790 TI - Intravenous versus superior mesenteric artery vasopressin infusions for the treatment of variceal bleeding. AB - The effects of 30-minute intravenous and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) infusions of vasopressin in dosages of 2.75 mU and 14 mU per min per kg were compared in five dogs that had cirrhosis and portal hypertension induced by fractionated intraportal polyvinyl alcohol injections. A reduction in portal pressure of approximately 35% was found with both SMA doses and the larger intravenous vasopressin dose, while the smaller intravenous dose reduced portal pressure only 18%. A significantly larger decrease in portal blood flow was found with SMA than intravenous vasopressin administration. Cardiovascular side effects were dose-dependent but independent of the administration mode. Liver enzymes were not affected. Portal vein thrombosis occurred in one dog after the larger SMA dose. PMID- 6977792 TI - The role of positron emission tomography in the detection of pancreatic disease. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to assess possible pancreatic disease in 100 patients. Following injection of 10-15 mCi (370-740 MBq) of 11C-L methionine, 4-12 transverse sections 2 cm thick were obtained. In 85 patients with a definite diagnosis (45 normal, 9 acute pancreatitis, 18 chronic pancreatitis, and 13 cancer), PET showed a sensitivity of 85.0%, a specificity of 97.8%, and an accuracy of 91.8%, higher than with transmission computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography, despite relatively low spatial resolution; this can be explained by the fact that exocrine pancreatic function was altered prior to morphological change. In 22 normal subjects, 0.011 +/- 0.003% (mean +/- S.D). of injected 11C was found in 1 ml of liver tissue and 0.015 +/- 0.005% in 1 ml of pancreatic tissue; the pancreas-to-liver concentration ratio was 1.3 +/- 0.4. Hepatic 11C concentration was identical in the four groups of patients. Pancreatic uptake of 11C-L-methionine was significantly lower in patients with chronic pancreatitis (n = 13) and pancreatic carcinoma (n = 10) (p less than 0.001); however, it was not possible to distinguish cancer from chronic pancreatitis because the same functional alteration occurred in both. PMID- 6977793 TI - Lung disease in homosexual men. PMID- 6977794 TI - Ventriculography and cisternography with water-soluble contrast media in infants with myelomeningocele. AB - Fifty-four newborn infants with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus were studied by ventriculography using water-soluble contrast media; 20 were also studied by metrizamide myeloencephalography and computed tomographic (CT) cisternography. Ventriculography suggested that the aqueduct was patent in all cases. Outflow of contrast medium from the fourth ventricle was slow in most cases, complete obstruction was seen in 15%, communication was delayed at the outlet in 54%, and rather free communication was observed in 31%. Metrizamide myeloencephalography and CT cisternography suggested a partial block at the level of the ambient cisterns in approximately one-third of infants. These findings support the concept that flow of cerebrospinal fluid is reduced in several areas. Aqueductal stenosis was not considered an important factor in hydrocephalus, while the most important site of obstruction was felt to be the lowest portion of the fourth ventricle. PMID- 6977795 TI - Computed tomographic diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage. Etiology and prognosis. AB - Sixty-eight patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) were reviewed retrospectively to determine the etiology and prognosis, relationship to delayed hydrocephalus, and effect on neurological outcome. The most common causes were a ruptured aneurysm, trauma, and hypertensive hemorrhage. Ruptured aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery can often be predicted from the nonenhanced CT scan. The total mortality rate was 50%; however, 21% of patients returned to normal or had only mild disability. Patients in whom no cause was identified had a better prognosis. Delayed hydrocephalus was related to the effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage rather than obstruction of the ventricular system by blood. IVH per se is seldom a major factor in the neurological outcome. PMID- 6977796 TI - [Evaluation of single photon ECT image with rotating gamma camera (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977797 TI - [Tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance. Physiopathologic significance and clinical importance]. PMID- 6977798 TI - [Five years of movement therapy - experiences from health resort work (author's transl)]. AB - Based on the experiences gained with over 10,600 patients affected by attritional, degenerative or other changes of the locomotor system, as well as by insufficiencies of the cardiovascular system, early rehabilitative health resort measures are reported on. Assuming appropriate prior diagnostic as well as monitoring procedures being provided form movement therapy and sports, conceived as integrative components of an active treatment plan comprising natural remedies, are gaining increased importance. In line with sports physiology evidence, adequate improvement, however, presupposes application of these measures at a rate apt of achieving an appreciable, measurable training effect. This is true especially in those cases where a wide spectrum of gymnastic or sports activities - with an emphasis on group activity and expert supervision - are offered that are not based on the principles of increased performance alone but are designed to give some scope to personal inclinations. Along with its purely therapeutical value, health resort early rehabilitation conceived on these lines offers meaningful opportunities for actively experiencing success, an experience that is capable of giving new impulses for a modified life style at home, thereby contributing positively towards the general health of our population. PMID- 6977802 TI - [Primary trigeminal projection to the brain stem-reticular formation. Experimental study in the rat]. AB - By means of a transauricular approach, the trigeminal ganglion of the rat was lesioned in order to study the presence and distribution of the primary trigeminal afferents to the brain stem reticular formation. We could observe such projections to the reticular formation close to the trigeminal nuclei (lateral part of the n. reticularis ventralis and dorsalis, n. reticularis parvocellularis, reticular zone between the trigeminal n. principalis and the n. motorius trigemini) and also to the reticular formation more medially situated (medial part of the n. reticularis dorsalis and ventralis, n. reticularis gigantocellularis and n. reticularis pontis caudalis). Topographically, those projections correlated fair well with the extent of the trigeminal nuclei more related with sensorial transmission (n. principalis and subnuclei oralis and caudalis), specially the most medial of them. Moreover, although in a very much lesser intensity, we could see projections on the nuclei pallidus and magnus of the raphe system, and on the caudodorsal part of the central grey matter. The possible modulatory actions on the sensorial transmission and motor coordination of those projections are discussed. PMID- 6977800 TI - [(Transcatheter) angiographic arterial embolization, a new method of vascular hemostasis for the control of massive hemorrhage in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 6977801 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis. II. Quantitative cellular immunity]. PMID- 6977799 TI - [Alternating shift work and certain chronic diseases in the textile industry]. PMID- 6977803 TI - [Vestibular system in flight (conclusion of the 13 th Symposium of French Electronystagmography) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977804 TI - [Rheumatic patients need nurses]. PMID- 6977805 TI - New drug-free technique cuts postop pain. PMID- 6977807 TI - Decrease of alpha 1-antitrypsin during hemodialysis. PMID- 6977806 TI - [Primary tuberculosis in children - thoracic x-ray findings supply clue (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study of 55 children was performed in order to emphasize the radiological signs indicating primary pulmonary tuberculosis. The endothoracic lymphnodes are of special importance. Hilar lymphnode enlargement is a obligatory symptom and often combined with enlargement of mediastinal lymphnodes. The pathological findings are normally unilateral. Stenosis of larger bronchi and/or compression of trachea caused by enlarged lymphnodes is a useful diagnostic criterion. Bronchial compression secondary 10 unspecific inflammation is rare. Nearly 50% of our cases showed bronchial compression. In 14 children tracheal compression was evident. Stenosis of larger bronchi and of the trachea are usually identifiable on adequately exposed plain films. Pulmonary manifestations in primary pulmonary tuberculosis are usually due to bronchial stenosis or penetration of caseate lymphnodes into the bronchial tree. PMID- 6977808 TI - [Acro-osteolysis in leprosy. Apropos of 19 personal cases]. AB - Using their own personal series of 19 cases of leprosy complicated by massive osteolysis (AO), along with a comparison of these cases with data from previously published reports, the authors review the principal clinical and radiological findings of these manifestations which are not observed except in cases of leprosy where neuropathy is present, even though other factors (perforating plantar ulcers, poor hygiene, traumatisms) may play a contributing role independent of possible interference from non specific osteoarthritis or Hansen's bacilla, itself. After reviewing other causes of massive osteolysis and discussing the pathogeny of these manifestations during leprosy, the authors refer to the various therapies which can prevent or stabilize osteolysis or aid the patient to better tolerate its manifestations. PMID- 6977812 TI - Surgical substitution of glottis after total laryngectomy. PMID- 6977809 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis in children]. PMID- 6977810 TI - Blood pressure in the normotensive and genetically hypertensive rats: age, sex and narcosis dependency. PMID- 6977811 TI - [Treatment concept for laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 6977813 TI - [The significance of axial computerized tomography (CT) for neurologic departments]. PMID- 6977814 TI - Analysis of voice formed by means of neoglottis phonatoria in patients after total laryngectomy. PMID- 6977815 TI - [Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and prevention of fetal damage]. PMID- 6977816 TI - [Preventive healing procedures for cervix insufficiency in the first pregnancy]. PMID- 6977817 TI - Trabeculectomy with the implantation of a scleral strip. PMID- 6977818 TI - Our results in the combination of trabeculectomy with scleral cautery. PMID- 6977819 TI - Trisomy 18 syndrome: analysis of 15 cases. PMID- 6977821 TI - Cytochemistry and membrane markers in acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL). AB - 136 patients suffering from ALL were subdivided into 5 subtypes (C-ALL, C/T-ALL, pre-T-ALL, B-ALL) according to rosetting tests and using specific antisera directed against membrane antigens. In addition, leukaemic blasts of all patients were investigated according to morphological and cytochemical criteria. In APh and ANAE, indices and the percentages of cases showing a granular staining pattern were high in pre-T- and in T-ALL, but low in C/T- and in C-ALL. PAS staining, conversely, was more pronounced in C/T- and C-ALL. APh proved to be more discriminative for recognition of the T- and pre-T-ALL subgroups than ANAE, but ANAE-cytochemistry may be useful to detect contaminating normal T-lymphocytes in ALL. Receptors for C3 were more frequent in C- and in T-ALL than in C/T- and in pre-T-ALL, receptors for Fc were distributed equally among all subtypes. Positively of C3- and Fc-receptors was not correlated with cytochemical results. Morphological criteria were not sufficient for subclassification of ALL; the combination of APh- and PAS-staining, however, is valuable to differentiate between C-subgroups and T-subgroups. PMID- 6977820 TI - Comparison of a receptor binding assay with a radioimmunoassay for measuring human epidermal growth factor-urogastrone in urine. AB - A radioreceptor assay for human epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (EGF-URO) employing mouse EGF-URO as tracer and calibration standards and human placental receptor as binding protein is compared with a radioimmunoassay for human EGF URO. Results employing the receptor assay indicated similar values for urinary concentrations (1-16 nmol/l) for healthy control subjects and for patients with psoriasis. Lower values were obtained for bed-ridden patients with burns or patients recovering from orthopaedic surgery. The results obtained by radioimmunoassay were somewhat higher and correlated poorly (r = 0.5) with those obtained with the radioreceptor assay. The reason for this discrepancy is discussed. PMID- 6977822 TI - Induction of antigen-specific immunological unresponsiveness by inhibitors of human lymphocyte-activating factor. AB - Antigen-stimulated blood mononuclear cells preincubated in vitro with Cd2+ or phenanthroline, a Zn2+-chelator, did not respond normally on restimulation with antigen, as judged by their ability to elaborate leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF). Other divalent metal ions, including Zn2+, were ineffective. The effect was immunologically specific, since challenge of similarly pretreated cells with an unrelated antigen, to which the cells were also sensitized, resulted in normal LIF production. The lack of responsiveness could not be ascribed to cell death, carry-over of the inhibitors, or exhaustive release of LIF during the inductive phase. Phenanthroline and Cd2+ are known to inhibit the activity of the macrophage-derived lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF), whose effect is exerted non-specifically on antigen-stimulated lymphocytes in G1. Seen in the context of a two-signal model of lymphocyte activation, it is hypothesized that immediate tolerance induction is triggered by delivery of the antigenic stimulus (signal 1) without addition of the non-specific signal 2 (LAF). PMID- 6977823 TI - Immunological subsets in human B-cell lymphomas. AB - Fifty human B-cell lymphomas have been studied with regard to surface markers (surface immunoglobulins (sIg) and complement receptors (CR)), capping of sIg, and relative amounts of sIg by single-cell flow cytometry. The results show that these lymphomas can be subdivided into distinct immunological subsets. Whereas one histological subgroup (lymphocytic) consisted of only one immunological subtype, others were heterogeneous with regard to immunological subtypes. This was most striking in nodular lymphomas of germinal centre cell origin (centroblastic/centrocytic). Our studies provide further evidence for the existence of a large number of subsets in the B-cell compartment of the immune system, sIgD was only found in association with sIgM. The relative amounts of sIgD varied, especially in nodular lymphomas. A discrepancy between capping of sIgM and sIgD was also found in some lymphomas belonging to this group. These findings together with other observations suggest that sIgD plays a role in B cell maturation and differentiation events taking place in germinal centres and becomes lost during this process. A close association was found between the presence of CR and capping of sIgM but not capping of sIgD or sIgG. Nodular lymphomas expressing sIgG only, lacked CR. These findings suggest that CR may become lost during maturation and differentiation processes also taking place in germinal centres. Lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas, which show morphological evidence of differentiation towards plasma cells, could be subdivided into three immunological subsets, indicating that plasma cell maturation may take place from different subsets of B cells. PMID- 6977824 TI - Non-specific T-cell replacing factor fails to promote a secondary response in vivo. AB - The supernatant from concanavalin-A-treated cultures has been used in vivo in nude mice to investigate the nature of the antibody response that can be induced after injection of this non-specific T-cell replacing factor (NSF). Although NSF alone does not induce a response, it permits a greatly augmented response to sheep erythrocytes. This response is, however, restricted to IgM and is not accompanied by development of memory. No secondary response could be obtained with antigen alone or with NSF and antigen, and there was usually no response even if normal congenic thymus cells were injected with antigen into animals that had responded to NSF and antigen. PMID- 6977825 TI - Receptors for IgA on human lymphocytes. II. Organ distribution and relationships with other Fc receptor-bearing populations. AB - Lymphocyte populations expressing receptors for IgA (RFc alpha) in several human lymphoid tissues were numerically evaluated using a highly sensitive and specific indicator system. The percentages of RFc alpha-bearing lymphocytes were, in thymus, 9%; bone marrow, 14%; tonsil, 38%; cord blood, 34%; and adult blood, 55%. In adult and cord blood, RFc alpha were primarily associated with the T lymphocyte populations as defined by their ability to bind sheep erythrocytes (SE). A large percentage of the peripheral T-lymphocyte population expressed both RFc alpha and receptors for IgM (RFcmu), whereas few T lymphocytes expressing receptors for IgG also displayed RFc alpha. Although a small number of peripheral non-T cells also expressed RFc alpha, they appeared to have fewer or less avid receptors than the RFc alpha-bearing T lymphocyte population. Both bone marrow and tonsil lymphocytes of both T and non-T populations expressed RFc alpha. Furthermore, the RFc alpha-bearing non-T population in both tonsil and bone marrow was quite large, 39 and 26%, respectively. These studies document the ubiquity of RFc alpha and its expression on the same peripheral lymphocyte population as RFcmu and indicate that RFc alpha is associated with several functionally different lymphocyte subpopulations including those involved in regulation (help) and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. PMID- 6977828 TI - [The importance of superoxide dismutase in the development of the post irradiation syndrome. VII. Effect of radioprotection and therapy on superoxide dismutase activity in the erythrocytes of irradiated dogs]. PMID- 6977829 TI - [Surgery of the maxillofacial area in patients in their 80's and 90's]. PMID- 6977826 TI - ANAE staining pattern of rat lymphocytes: lack of correlation with lymphocyte subclasses. AB - Lymphocytes from various lymphoid organs of WF and BN rats were isolated and stained for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity. From all organs examined-peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and spleen-70-80% of the lymphocytes were stained for ANAE activity. After separation into B and non-B cells by affinity chromatography on anti-Ig columns, esterase-negative lymphocytes were detected in both populations, demonstrating that ANAE staining cannot be used as a lymphocyte subclass marker in rats, in contrast to the situation in human and mice. PMID- 6977827 TI - Antigen-presenting properties of human vascular endothelial cells: inhibition by anti-HLA-DR antisera. AB - Human vascular endothelial cells (EC) separated from the umbilical vein are capable of presenting antigen to in-vivo-sensitized T cells, leading to an immunoproliferative response to various antigens in vitro. Optimal T-cell response was only observed when the EC donor shared both HLA-D/DR determinants with the T-cell donor. The T-cell response normally observed when using antigen pulsed EC was significantly and specifically inhibited by xeno- and allo-antisera reacting with the HLA-DR molecules. Moreover, antibodies reacting with the native antigen determinats (rubella virus) also appeared capable of inhibiting the response elicited by primed T cells to antigen-pulsed EC. PMID- 6977831 TI - [Use of external fixation devices in infected pseudarthroses of the shin]. PMID- 6977832 TI - [Total and regional pulmonary function in laryngeal stenosis]. PMID- 6977830 TI - [Treatment of infected pseudarthroses of the long bones]. PMID- 6977833 TI - [The patient and total laryngectomy]. PMID- 6977834 TI - [Evaluation of family health]. PMID- 6977835 TI - [Levels of serum lipids and lipoproteins in renal disease]. PMID- 6977836 TI - [Hypolipidemic treatment in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6977837 TI - Prevention of closure of aorto-coronary venous bypass grafts. AB - Aorto-coronary saphenous vein bypass graft implantation has led to a considerable relief of angina in a great majority of patients. Their functional capacity has been increased, and life possibly prolonged. During the postoperative period approximately ten per cent of the grafts occlude because of thrombosis, and later 2-3 per cent occlude per year. The angina returns in some patients, which is related either to graft closure or to progression of arteriosclerotic disease in the coronary arteries. A randomized clinical study has therefore been started in 142 patients in order to prevent graft closure. Two to three days after operation, one group of 72 receive acetylsalicylic acid, one gm. daily, and anticoagulants, while the 70 patients in the control group receive no antithrombotic drugs, and are asked to avoid anti-inflammatory agents. After 18 to 24 months, they are admitted for follow-up, including re-catheterization with selective angiography of coronary arteries or grafts. The effect of therapy will be assessed from graft potency alone. PMID- 6977838 TI - HLA B27 in the population of northern Sweden. AB - The frequency of HLA B27 in blood donors born in northern Sweden was found to be 16.6%. This was significantly higher than in southern Sweden or in caucasians generally, with the exception of Finland. A close genetic relationship has been found between the population of northern Sweden and the Finnish. The higher frequency of HLA B27 is particularly interesting in view of the finding of a higher incidence of rheumatic diseases in northern than in southern Sweden. We also found a surprisingly large number of patients with reactive arthritides and ankylosing spondylitis in the patient registers of the rheumatology department, which further indicated a genetic influence on rheumatic disorders in northern Sweden. PMID- 6977839 TI - Incidence and prevalence of ischaemic heart disease among urban busdrivers in Copenhagen. AB - A 5-year follow-up study was conducted among all male busdrivers in Copenhagen, Denmark, in addition to the cross-sectional study. In the follow-up study, the SMR for death due to ischaemic heart disease (ICD 410-414) was 144 and SMR for first clinical episode of acute myocardial infarction (ICD 410) was 139, with men in Copenhagen as controls. 80% of the busdrivers (1396 men) participated in the cross-sectional study. The prevalence of questionnaire-positive angina pectoris was 4.9%; in all age groups this was higher than among the controls, locomotive drivers in Denmark. The high health-related selection of busdrivers is assumed to cause an underestimation of the relative occurrence of ischaemic heart disease. Possible explanations for the findings in this study are discussed. PMID- 6977840 TI - Clinical follow-up of 106 patients five years after coronary bypass surgery for angina pectoris. AB - One hundred and six consecutive survivors were re-examined five years after coronary bypass surgery for stable angina pectoris (88 patients) or unstable angina (18 patients). Ninety-two per cent had less symptoms than before operation, 70% were so improved that they were not restricted in daily life and 30% considered themselves free from angina. Excluding one patient, who experienced chest pain at the exercise test and three asymptomatic patients who had undergone repeat operations, only 26% were free from angina at the five-year evaluation. Patients without angina had significantly lower diastolic blood pressure than those with residual symptoms, whereas the type of angina, smoking habits, serum lipids and common risk factors did not differ significantly. Thirteen per cent were employed on admittance for surgery, 49% had been able to work after surgery and 36% of those, who did not have old-age pension or invalidity pension for non-cardiac causes, worked full-time five years after surgery. Patients with sedentary work returned more often (53%) than those with manual labour (22%) and patients with sick-leave less than six months before surgery more often (91%) than those with sick-leave more than two years (13%). Peri-operative infarction was recorded in 5% and a further 10% suffered late myocardial infarction. PMID- 6977841 TI - Exercise tolerance five years after coronary bypass surgery in relation to clinical and angiographic findings. AB - Exercise on a bicycle ergometer was used to assess symptom-limited working capacity (Wsl) five years after coronary bypass surgery. Ninety-six patients were evaluated with a sitting bicycle test using 10 Watt increments of work load every minute from an initial load of 10 Watt. Ninety-three per cent had less symptoms than before surgery and 32% said they had no angina. Angina was provoked at exercise in 1/31 asymptomatic patients (3%) and in 46/65 (71%) of those with residual symptoms. The Wsl of 50-250 Watt (mean 143 Watt) in a asymptomatic patients was significant higher than 30-220 Watt (mean 105 Watt) performed by patients with residual angina. In 61 patients, exercise tests were performed before, one year and five years after the operation. Average Wsl was significantly higher after one year (127; 36 Watt) than before surgery (90; 23 Watt). but declined significantly until the five-year evaluation (113; 37 Watt). After one year 82% had a higher Wsl than prior to operation compared to 69% five years after surgery. Angiography five years after surgery revealed that 60/76 subjects (79%) had all grafts patent and 16/76 (21%) one or more grafts occluded. In spite of one or more grafts occluded. 2/16 patients (13%) were asymptomatic, whereas 25/60 (42%) with all grafts patent were free from symptoms. Average Wsl was significantly higher in patient with all grafts patent (130; 44 Watt) compared to patients with one or more grafts occluded (102; 33 Watt). It is concluded that although subjective improvement after coronary bypass surgery persisted in about 90% of the patients for five years, bicycle exercise tests show a significant decline of Wsl after the first year, but five years after surgery was still better than before the operation. PMID- 6977842 TI - Changes in coronary artery disease five years after coronary bypass surgery. AB - Seventy-nine patients underwent repeat coronary angiographies five years after coronary bypass surgery. Ninety-eight of 122 inserted grafts (80%) were patent. Significant coronary obstruction (greater than 50% reduction of luminal diameter) developed in 43/79 patients (54%) and was associated with a longer duration of angina before surgery and a lower diastolic blood pressure at the five-year follow-up, but significantly related to such factors as age, sex, type of angina, previous myocardial infarction, hypertension, hyperlipaemia, diabetes or smoking. The total number of significant obstructions increased from 230 to 308 (34%). Progression of pre-existing changes to occlusion was common and the number of occlusions increased 95% in non-grafted arteries compared with 48% in grafted arteries until the five-year evaluation. Fifty-seven of 81 new significant obstructions (70%) were found in non-grafted coronary arteries. The proximal part of the right coronary artery was most commonly affected with 19/57 (33%) of these new obstructions. A significant stenosis regressed in three patients. At the five year follow up, 74/79 patients (94%) had less symptoms than before operation and 27/79 patients (34%) were asymptomatic. Nine patients had no angina, despite non bypassed significant obstructions. All grafts were patent in 25/27 asymptomatic patients (93%) and in 38/52 (73%) of those with angina. Two patients had no anginal symptoms, despite occluded grafts. One had sustained a myocardial infarction and the other had symptoms of left ventricular failure. Well-developed collateral vessels were observed in 15/27 asymptomatic patients (56%) and in 45/52 (87%) of those with angina. Recurrence of symptoms was related to progressive coronary disease, graft occlusions, obstruction of anastomoses, non bypassed obstruction or combinations of these changes. PMID- 6977843 TI - Coronary bypass surgery - a five-year follow-up. PMID- 6977845 TI - Tonicity effects on intact single muscle fibers: relation between force and cell volume. AB - Contraction of isolated, intact frog muscle fibers under increasing tonicity of the external solution was studied by adding (i) effectively impermeant sodium chloride and sucrose and (ii) permeant potassium chloride. Force of isometric contraction decreased as a function of tonicity, independent of the permeability of the solute. In contrast, cell volume changed with tonicity in impermeant solutes and was constant with potassium chloride. The results are evidence that ionic strength in the sarcoplasm directly influences the contraction mechanism. Also, the findings show that force development is unaffected by changes in fiber volume, suggesting that the force per cross-bridge is constant at different distances between the thin and myofilaments. Finally, in light of the length force relation, the results support the idea that cross-bridges are independent force generators. PMID- 6977844 TI - The nature of radiation damage of haemopoietic stem cells under continuous irradiation at low dose rate. AB - Mice irradiated continuously at a low dose rate of 70 rad/day showed not only a drop of CFU-S content in the bone marrow but also an apparent functional disturbance of haemopoietic stem cells. With increase in accumulated dose of radiation, the damage of the haemopoietic microenvironment becomes evident. From the changes caused by chronical irradiation, it is believed that haemopoietic stem cells is more sensitive than haemopoietic microenvironment, and the radiation injury by hemopoiesis involves both damage of haemopoietic stem cells and microenvironment. Furthermore, in the course of recovery of hemopoietic injury, microenvironment plays as important role. In comparison of the growth curves of CFU-S from normal and irradiated bone marrow cells in irradiated recipient spleens or cultured in diffusion chambers, it is suggested that the nature of radiation damage of haemopoietic stem cells in continuous irradiation at low dose rate is mainly attributed to the deterioration of self replicative capacity of CFU-S. PMID- 6977847 TI - Marijuana "justifies serious concern". PMID- 6977846 TI - Brain target sites for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - Autoradiographic studies with 3H-labeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] demonstrate, in certain neurons of rat forebrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord, a nuclear retention and concentration of radioactivity, which can be prevented by treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3, but not with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. These results indicate the presence of brain receptors in addition to pituitary receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3 and suggest a central modulation of calcium homeostasis and other central effects for this hormone. The existence of a brain-pituitary axis for certain 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated endocrine-autonomic effects is postulated. PMID- 6977848 TI - Massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage: the radiologist role in diagnosis and management. PMID- 6977849 TI - [Surgery in otospongiosis. Operative technics]. PMID- 6977851 TI - [Specialized microsurgery]. PMID- 6977852 TI - [Procedure to follow in the operating room]. PMID- 6977850 TI - [Anesthesia and awakening in surgery for otospongiosis]. PMID- 6977853 TI - [Complications of surgery for otospongiosis]. PMID- 6977855 TI - [Hoped for progress in the tracking down and treatment of otospongiosis]. PMID- 6977854 TI - [Patient admission]. PMID- 6977856 TI - [Postoperative care and monitoring]. PMID- 6977857 TI - [Pleural drainage]. PMID- 6977858 TI - [A "Welcoming booklet for hospital personnel in the operating rooms"]. PMID- 6977859 TI - [Education of personnel working in the operating rooms]. PMID- 6977860 TI - [Surgery in otospongiosis. Review of the pathology and surgical indications]. PMID- 6977862 TI - [Medical and administrative organization of an emergency service]. PMID- 6977861 TI - [The SMUR Emergency Medical and Resuscitation Service: forward-post of the emergency service]. PMID- 6977863 TI - [Role of the emergency service secretary]. PMID- 6977864 TI - [Patient admission administrative formalities]. PMID- 6977867 TI - [The first hours of acid-ketotic coma]. PMID- 6977865 TI - [Secondary transfer]. PMID- 6977866 TI - [Transportation of patients in the hospital]. PMID- 6977868 TI - [A very important administrative role]. PMID- 6977869 TI - [Dietary problems of colon or rectum surgical patients]. PMID- 6977870 TI - [What happens before the admission?]. PMID- 6977871 TI - [Health transport for emergency admissions]. PMID- 6977872 TI - [Role of the thrombocytes in the pathogenesis of von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6977873 TI - [Thymectomy in disseminated sclerosis]. PMID- 6977874 TI - [Status and developmental prospects of abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6977875 TI - [Effect of reflexotherapy on catecholamine excretion in migraine]. PMID- 6977876 TI - C-peptide response to glucagon in black and Indian insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Residual beta cell function was estimated in 35 young diabetic patients (25 Blacks and 10 Indians) and 22 controls by means of C-peptide assays using glucagon as a provocative agent. The basal C-peptide levels (mean 0,32 +/- 0,23 nmol/l) and the 6-minute post-glucagon levels (mean 0,56 +/- 0,47 nmol/l) were significantly lower in the diabetic patients than in the controls (mean values 0,49 +/- 0,20 nmol/l and 1.24 +/- 0,48 nmol/l respectively). None the less, residual beta cell function, as gauged by the presence of significant C-peptide increments in response to glucagon provocation (mean increase 75% of basal level), was present in most of the patients. The Black patients had significantly lower basal and 6-minute post-glucagon C-peptide levels than the Indian patients. PMID- 6977878 TI - Aortic stenosis and unexplained gastro-intestinal haemorrhage. Case reports. AB - Four cases of recurrent gastro-intestinal haemorrhage associated with aortic stenosis are described. Aortic valve replacement was accompanied by a cessation of bleeding in each patient. The source of bleeding was demonstrated or presumed to be from antral or colonic vascular ectasia. It is postulated that the altered pulse wave form in aortic stenosis may contribute towards mucosal ischaemia and ulceration in patients wtih gastro-intestinal angiodysplasia. We recommended that bowel resection be reserved for patients who continue to bleed following aortic valve replacement and who have vascular ectasia on selective mesenteric angiography. PMID- 6977877 TI - Histocompatibility antigens and rheumatic diseases. AB - Great advances have been made during the last 10 years in the field of immunogenetics as applied to the rheumatic diseases. The association of particular rheumatic diseases with the gene products of the major histocompatibility system provides convincing evidence of a genetic basis for disease susceptibility and has enabled identification of genetic heterogeneity within disease groups. This review briefly discusses the biology of HLA system and its relevance for rheumatology today. PMID- 6977879 TI - About the method of studying medical assistance management for rheumatic children. PMID- 6977880 TI - Successful reversal of brain damage from iatrogenic air embolism. AB - During an aortocoronary bypass procedure, the patient suffered an air embolism arising from technical difficulties with the extracorporeal circulatory device. Initial emergency treatment included a loading dose of thiopental concomitant to a one hour period profound hypothermia. A modified protocol for treating patients with acute head injuries was the initiated. It combined moderate hypothermia with continuous barbiturate coma for 96 hours. Brain activity in this patient returned on the third postoperative day. She recovered completely, with no detectable neurologic damage. PMID- 6977882 TI - [Acupuncture and electrostimulation. A meeting between East and West]. PMID- 6977881 TI - Spinal cord concussion. AB - A reliable experimental model using decerebrate frogs has been developed by which a measured cutaneous stimulus to the right forelimb produces a single electrical response from the left sciatic nerve. Using this model, the minimal concussing force necessary to abolish the propagation of the nerve impulse down the spinal cord was established by trial and error. The mean recovery time was 31.2 seconds, with a standard deviation of 1.32 seconds. Recovery of function of the spinal cord, as measured this method, was complete following single and multiple concussions. PMID- 6977883 TI - [Cellular immunity in patients with chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6977884 TI - [Various indices of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6977885 TI - [Cellular an humoral immunity in patients with peptic ulcer an chronic gastritis]. PMID- 6977886 TI - [Rehabilitation in rheumatic disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977887 TI - Comparative study on heparin and a synthetic thrombin inhibitor no. 805 (MD-805*) in experimental antithrombin III-deficient animals. PMID- 6977888 TI - Effect of immune complex-containing sera from patients with rheumatic diseases on thromboplastin activity of monocytes. AB - Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of patients with various rheumatic diseases and circulating immune complexes (IC) developed a significantly higher thromboplastin (tissue factor) activity than normal cells when cultured in vitro without inducers, but normal cells responded more strongly with thromboplastin production upon stimulation with IC or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Sera from patients with rheumatic diseases and circulating IC induced a significant increase in the thromboplastin activity of normal monocytes. Lysozyme release from patient monocytes was significantly lower than the release from control cells when stimulated with IC. Patient sera contained higher amounts of lysozyme than normal sera, indicating lysozyme release in vivo. These data suggest that activation of monocytes in vivo by IC may take place. The increased expression of thromboplastin in monocytes/tissue macrophages may be important for the development of microvascular thrombosis and fibrin deposition seen in chronic inflammatory lesions. PMID- 6977889 TI - [Physical training and reemployment after aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 6977892 TI - HLA antigens expressed on human erythroid burst forming cells. AB - The human major histocompatibility antigens HLA, play an important role in transplantation. To ascertain the expression of the antigens of A and B loci on the surface of human hemopoietic progenitors, the cytotoxic effect of specific anti-HLA sera was examined. Anti-HLA A2 and B5 sera were used in the present experiments. Circulating blood mononuclear cells and nucleated marrow cells, pretreated with appropriate specific anti-HLA sera and complement, formed fewer colonies from BFU-e and CFU-c in a culture medium than the controls which were treated with autologous serum. In our experiments, the HLA antisera also killed macrophages, monocytes, and T cells which carry the surface antigen. Then, the influence of macrophages, monocytes, and T cells on colony formation from BFU-e and CFU-c was examined. These results indicated that BFU-e as well as CFU-c expressed HLA antigens on their surface. PMID- 6977890 TI - Low responsiveness to Dk or Db plus vaccinia virus or to Kk plus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus assessed by availability of D or K products. AB - The possibility was examined that K or D regulated responsiveness of virus specific cytotoxic T cells was due to the virus-specific and differential effects on expression and/or accessibility of H-2K or D products on virus-infected target cells. Cells from established lines of fibroblasts kept in tissue culture, uninfected, infected with either vaccinia virus, with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or with both LCMV plus vaccinia virus, were compared with respect to expression of Kk, Dk and Db. H-2K or D expression was assessed by: 1) absorption of defined anti-K or anti-D antisera: 2) susceptibility to alloreactive cytotoxic T cells; and 3) susceptibility to K or D restricted virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. In all 3 tests, no virus-specific effect on Kk, Dk or Db expression on all target cells (uninfected, LCMV, or vaccinia virus infected, or doubly infected) was noticed. Most importantly, H-2k target cells infected with both LCMV plus vaccinia virus, that were not lysed by low-responder Dk-restricted vaccinia specific T cells were lysed by high responder Dk restricted LCMV-immune T cells; in contrast, these targets were lysed by Kk-restricted vaccinia specific T cells but only poorly by Kk-restricted LCMV-immune T cells. Thus, expression or accessibility of Dk could not have limited responsiveness to vaccinia virus on this target cell since Dk was accessible to Dk-restricted LCMV-specific T cells; a similar argument can be made for the accessibility of Kk. These experiments suggest that expression and/or accessibility of Kk, Dk or Db on target cells does not explain the virus- and K or D dependent responsiveness differences of virus-specific effector T cells. PMID- 6977891 TI - Cold non HLA lymphocyte cytotoxins in monoclonal gammopathies. PMID- 6977893 TI - [Use of dibunol phonophoresis in treating the initial stage of periodontosis]. PMID- 6977894 TI - [Use of indomethacin after operations in the maxillofacial area experimental and clinical observations]. PMID- 6977895 TI - Performance factors of CT scanners. PMID- 6977896 TI - A thymic epithelial cell line, IT-45R1, induces the differentiation of prethymic progenitor cells into postthymic cells through direct contact. AB - Differentiation of T lymphocyte in rat bone marrow was studied in vitro using the IT-45R1 line, which is an established pure epithelial cell line from normal rat thymus. Among the five fractions of rat bone marrow fractionated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) density gradient, two types of T-lymphocyte progenitors were separated; fraction 5 cells which are regarded as prethymic T-lymphocyte progenitors, and fraction 4 cells which are considered as postthymic. After the incubation with the culture supernatant of IT-45R1 (STEL), 6 to 7% of fraction 5 cells were killed with anti-thy 1.1 serum and complement., while about 3% of fraction 4 cells were induced to form rosettes with guinea pig erythrocytes. By STEL alone, no increase was encountered in the ratio of rosette-forming cells (RFC) in fraction 5 and in the cytotoxic indices in fraction 4. On the monolayer of IT-45R1 together with STEL, however, a small but significant number of fraction 5 cells were induced to form rosettes, indicating that IT-45R1 cells converted a part of prethymic fraction 5 cells into postthymic RFC. Thus, in addition to the effect of STEL, IT-45R1 cells were proved to have a distinct effect through direct contact upon the differentiation of T lymphocytes. This contact is considered essential for the differentiation of prethymic progenitors into postthymic cells. PMID- 6977897 TI - Maturation of functional T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the rat. AB - The T-lymphocyte differentiation alloantigens, A.R.T.-1 and A.R.T.-2 were used to follow the functional development of these cells in the rat. Delayed hypersensitivity and lymphocytes cytotoxic for allogeneic tumor cells were present in adoptively transferred recipients by 3 wk postirradiation and fetal liver reconstitution. However, these animals did not regain appreciable GvH potential until 7.5 wk postreconstitution. Normal percentages of A.R.T-1 lymphocytes were observed at all times in the spleen and lymph nodes of these animals, whereas, below normal numbers of A.R.T-2 lymphocytes were observed up to 7.5 wk postreconstitution. Depletion experiments using specific anti-A.R.T. sera demonstrated that the proliferative response to PHA and the cytotoxic lymphocyte response to alloantigens were reduced after treatment with anti-A.R.T.-1, but not with anti-A.R.T.-2. In contrast, the GvH potential of lymph node cells was reduced by treatment with either anti-A.R.T.-1 or anti-A.R.T.-2 serum plus complement. The use of these A.R.T. alloantisera in the rat has greatly facilitated the establishment of differentiation patterns for functional T lymphocytes and has resulted in the association of specific functional T-cell subpopulations with characteristic surface alloantigens. PMID- 6977898 TI - Microaggregate blood filtration in patients with compromised pulmonary function. AB - To determine the effect of microaggregate blood filtration on patients with compromised pulmonary function, we divided 50 patients having elective coronary bypass surgery into two groups. One group received all blood transfusions via a 170-micron standard filter (SF). The other group received blood through a 20 micron microaggregate blood filter (MF). Patients were monitored pre- and postoperatively for changes in arterial blood gases and cardiopulmonary function. Mean transfusion volume was seven units (SF) and six units (MF). Preoperatively, patients in both groups showed abnormal lung function with elevated intrapulmonary shunting (Qs/Qt) and alveolar-arterial gradients (A-aO2). Postoperatively, no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) were found between the groups for any of the tests of cardiopulmonary function evaluated. Posttransfusion, none of the patients in either group showed clinical signs of respiratory distress. We conclude that even for patients with some degree of pretransfusion pulmonary dysfunction, use of a microaggregate blood filter for six- to seven- unit transfusions does not provide significant clinical benefit. PMID- 6977899 TI - Radioimmunoassay evaluation of anti-C3d reactivity in broad spectrum commercial antiglobulin reagents. AB - The study was undertaken to assess the potential of a labeled C3d radioimmunoassay method as a standardization criterion for antiglobulin reagents containing anti-C3d reactivity. Over an 18-month interval, four different lots of broad-spectrum antiglobulin reagents were purchased from each of seven United States manufacturers. Anti-C3d antibody concentration and Ko in each lot were assayed initially and at four-month intervals over 16 to 21 months storage at 4 degrees C. The results permitted 1) comparison of anti-C3d antibody concentrations among different manufacturers, 2) comparison among different lots from the same manufacturer, and 3) assessment of stability of anti-C3d during storage. In addition, serial dilutions of reagents in each manufacturer's diluent were compared for their anti-C3d agglutinating properties by the spin antiglobulin method against red blood cells (RBC) coated by C3d in vitro and against in vivo C3d-coated RBC from 16 patients. Most reagents were shown also to contain anti-C3c, anti-C4c and anti-C4d reactivities when tested against suitably coated RBC. Anti-C3d antibody concentrations ranged from approximately 1 to 3.5 microgram/ml for 27 of the 28 reagents and were stable over 16 to 21 months of storage. Anti-C3d agglutination titer scores showed a general correlation with anti-C3d antibody concentrations when tested against in vitro C3d-coated RBC; correlations were less good against C3d-coated cells from patients. The radioimmunoassay provided reproducible objective measurements and appeared to have merit as a standardization criterion. PMID- 6977900 TI - Absorption of shed I-Ak and H-2Kk antigens by lymphoid cells. AB - The fate of cell surface I-Ak and H-2Kk antigens shed by murine spleen cells in culture was studied by incubation of nonlabeled spleen cells or splenic T or B cells with culture fluids containing shed radiolabeled alloantigens. Approximately 30 to 40% of the shed alloantigens could be absorbed by syngeneic or allogeneic murine T cells, B cells, or macrophages, but not by heterologous erythrocytes of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Absorption was dependent on temperature and lipids associated with the shed glycoproteins. Once absorbed, the alloantigens were catabolized by the absorbing cells with a half-life of approximately 4 hr. It is suggested that absorption of shed cell surface alloantigens may be a vehicle for intercellular communication in the immune system. PMID- 6977901 TI - Acquisition of graft-versus-host reactivity by immature thymocytes in the coexistence of activated macrophages. AB - The collaborative role of macrophages in the acquisition of the rat graft-versus host (GVH) reactivity by parental thymocytes was investigated by the popliteal lymph node enlargement assay. The addition of peritoneal macrophages activated by streptococcal bacteria injection resulted in significantly increased GVH reactivity of parental thymocytes, when assayed both in normal F1 hybrid hosts and in those depleted of effective macrophages and lymphocytes. The thymocytes that acquire that alloantigen reactivity in the presence of activated macrophages were shown to be cortisone sensitive and of high density. Hence, the cortisone resistant and less dense population of thymocytes did not exhibit further reactivity even in the presence of macrophages; however, this subpopulation showed an enriched activity on its own. Moreover, the simultaneous injection of activated macrophages induced a further augmenting effect on the graft-versus host reaction (GVHR) of freshly peripheralized thymocytes, but did not affect the reactivity of lymph lymphocytes from parental rats thymectomized 15 months previously. These data suggest that activated macrophages play an essential role in the acquisition of alloantigen reactivity by immature thymocytes, and also that the macrophage-dependent thymocytes in the reaction may reside among the subpopulation that is cortisone sensitive, highly dense, short-lived, and freshly peripheralized. The possible nature of immunological maturation of immature thymocytes in the periphery is discussed in relation to cellular interactions with activated macrophages. PMID- 6977902 TI - Thymus-dependent response: too little and too late for immunosurveillance. PMID- 6977903 TI - Changes in antigen-presenting cell function in the spleen and lymph nodes of ultraviolet-irradiated mice. AB - It has been previously reported that mice exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation exhibit a decrease in splenic antigen-presenting cell (APC) function. The results presented here confirm this observation and further demonstrate that animals exposed daily to UV for extended periods of time (5 weeks instead of 6 days) no longer exhibit this depressed capability. In spite of the depression in splenic APC activity found in 6-day UV-irradiated mice, lymph node APC function from these same animals was elevated compared with that found in the lymph nodes from normal animals. Lymph node APC activity in animals that were splenectomized prior to the UV irradiation, however, was not enhanced over controls. Treatment of animals with a chemical irritant (turpentine) also caused a depression in splenic APC function without modifying lymph node activity. Collectively, our findings suggest that the observed decrease in splenic APC activity, found after the first week of UV exposures, may be attributable to the migration of splenic APC to peripheral lymphoid tissue which drain the site of epidermal inflammation. PMID- 6977905 TI - Isoelectric focusing studies on Mycobacterium chelonei. AB - Analytical IEF has been used to give a direct visual comparison of beta lactamases, down to extremely low levels, from very crude intracellular preparations. Identity and non-identity of strains could be proved by the pattern of bands produced by their beta-lactamases. Mycobacterial species gave a variety of beta-lactamase patterns. Identity was established between some strains of M. chelonei. IEF distinguished between enzymes within both the chelonei and abscessus sub-species that could not be differentiated by other methods. This technique could provide a means of identifying the source of a M. chelonei infection. PMID- 6977904 TI - Mechanism of induction of passive enhancement. Evidence for an interaction of enhancing antibody with donor interstitial dendritic cells. PMID- 6977906 TI - Influence of splenectomy upon immunologic reactivity of patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Since most patients with Hodgkin's disease benefit from splenectomy, a study was designed to explore whether these beneficial effects could be attributed to the recovery of patients' immunologic reactivity. Using a series of ordinary skin test (PPD-tuberculine, Varidase and Candidin) determination of absolute T and B lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood and their mitogenic responsiveness, assessment of immunologic reactivity was performed in 28 Hodgkin's disease patients, prior to and 14 days after splenectomy. The results showed that overall immunologic reactivity of these patients was suppressed as judged by low absolute lymphocyte counts (1747.2 +/- 171.9), lower counts of T (592.0 +/- 92.1) and B cells (295.9 +/- 40.5) and their poor capacity to respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (20342.6 +/- 3662.8 cpm), although the reactivity towards skin test antigens seemed to be well preserved. After splenectomy the reactivity improved, absolute lymphocyte counts raised to 2654.9 +/- 468.8 and were parallelled by an increase in T (936.7 +/- 138.0) and B cell counts (402.2 +/- 81.2). PHA reactivity recovered as well (26965.5 +/- 4035.6 cpm), however, its remained lower than in control cultures. Furthermore, the immunocompetence of patients' spleens was assessed. The possible influence of some suppressive mechanisms such as serum-blocking factor and prostaglandins is discussed. PMID- 6977907 TI - Monitoring of a long survival myeloma patient. AB - Monitoring with anti-idiotypic sera has been applied to identify tumoral cells in a myeloma patient still alive in complete remission 9 years after diagnosis. Monoclonal plasma cells displayed a labeling index that decreased in complete remission below 1%. The great majority of B lymphocytes belonged to the tumoral clone even in complete remission and were therefore not affected by conventional chemotherapy. Some aspects of this myeloma patient are discussed in the light of these immunologic and kinetic findings. In addition, it is suggested that the therapeutic management of the complete remission should be re-examined, by considering a lymphocytolytic therapy. PMID- 6977908 TI - [Effect of decaris and apilac on the immune system of persons frequently ill with tonsillitis and their susceptibility to the causative agents of this disease]. PMID- 6977909 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with an operated stomach]. PMID- 6977911 TI - Symposium on physical diagnosis. PMID- 6977912 TI - History-taking and development of the examination record. PMID- 6977910 TI - [Immune status in liver failure and its alteration by hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 6977913 TI - General physical examination of the canine patient. AB - It should be obvious from the above discussion that the physical examination of animals is not a simple task. The details that must be performed are numerous. Even more numerous are the abnormalities that can be discovered by the careful observer. My attempt was not to list all the abnormalities that can be detected during a physical exam, but rather to develop an organized approach to looking at your patients so that the most may be gained from the effort expended. If you know normal anatomy and physiology and study healthy animals thoroughly, significant abnormalities will become obvious. Your physical examination skills will continue to grow with each patient examined. Your data base of disease findings will be constantly expanding, and your diagnostic accuracy will improve every year of your practice life. PMID- 6977917 TI - The neurologic examination. AB - With practice, an orderly routine, and a basic understanding of neuroanatomy, the clinician should be able to tentatively localize lesions in the nervous system. Once the lesion is localized, ancillary studies are usually necessary to identify the disease process. In difficult cases when referral is impractical, an accurate description of the findings from the neurologic examination will greatly improve the value of consultation. PMID- 6977914 TI - Physical examination of the cat. PMID- 6977916 TI - Examination of the integumentary system. PMID- 6977915 TI - Examination of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6977918 TI - The urinary tract: Minimum and problem-specific data bases. PMID- 6977919 TI - Examination of the genital system. PMID- 6977920 TI - Examination of the gastrointestinal system. PMID- 6977921 TI - Physical examination of the musculoskeletal system. PMID- 6977924 TI - Symposium on internal medicine and the geriatric patient. PMID- 6977923 TI - Examination of the respiratory system. PMID- 6977925 TI - Behavioral problems of geriatric dogs and cats. AB - Dogs and cats that have been perfectly acceptable pets for many years may develop behavioral problems with old age. Most often these problems develop in animals that have never been very well behaved but have been tolerated by the owners until the problem has somehow exacerbated secondary to some other geriatric problem. The behavioral problems of old dogs most likely to be encountered by the practitioner are those of deaf dogs, dogs that house-soil because of renal, cardiovascular or gastrointestinal problems, and dogs that are aggressive because of a change in the number of animals or humans in the household or that are aggressive secondary to a chronic painful condition such as arthritis. Common feline problems may concern changes in the cat's environment. The treatment of behavioral problems of old animals is similar to the treatment of the problems of young animals, except that the physical limitations and disabilities of the old, usually ill, animal must be considered. Owners should be advised of the behavioral problems that may occur secondary to degenerative diseases and also be persuaded to keep social and environmental changes to a minimum in an old animal's life. PMID- 6977922 TI - Examination of the eye. PMID- 6977926 TI - Anesthesia for the geriatric patient. PMID- 6977927 TI - Nutrition and the aging animal. AB - The surge in current thinking and research on aging, replete with causes and/or effects, has greatly stimulated serious biologists concerned with giving counsel for the feeding and management of animals to reevaluate present practices. This is particularly true for the feeding of dogs. If we are indeed concerned with the feeding of the geriatric dog, we must begin to emphasize changes in nutritional practices that go back to the period preceding birth. Unrestricted caloric intake of dogs during periods of growth and development, even when in proper balance with intake of essential nutrients, has been shown to accelerate somatic processes, resulting in delayed maturation of cartilage and excessive bone apposition. This was followed by reduced bone resorption and remodeling. These processes were associated with the development of either earlier or more severe degenerative diseases of the skeletal system. Studies with rodents have demonstrated damaging effects of unrestricted dietary intake on longevity itself. Most damaging have been the decreasing efficiency of cellular immunity and corresponding increases in autoimmune responses during later life. Judicious caloric restriction beginning even in adult life can have a rejuvenating effect on immune response capacity. Regardless of age, a controlled nutrient intake seems the order of the day. Returning to Lucretius, the graves are indeed being dug with teeth. PMID- 6977929 TI - Changes in the immune response related to age. PMID- 6977928 TI - Cancer and the aging process. PMID- 6977930 TI - Dentistry in the geriatric dog. PMID- 6977931 TI - Cardiopulmonary disorders in the geriatric dog. PMID- 6977932 TI - Aging and the musculoskeletal system. PMID- 6977933 TI - The human-companion animal bond and the veterinarian. PMID- 6977934 TI - Theories of aging: an overview. PMID- 6977935 TI - Localization of some frog virus 3 structural polypeptides. PMID- 6977936 TI - Response of frog retina ganglion cells to moving monochromatic spots under photopic conditions. PMID- 6977937 TI - Disinhibitory action of strychnine on ganglion cells in the retina of the frog. PMID- 6977938 TI - Involvement of GABA in ganglion cell receptive field organization in the frog retina. PMID- 6977939 TI - [Quantitative relation between the efficacy of mud therapy and weather changes in patients with rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6977942 TI - [Functional activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system and body immunological reactivity in oncological patients]. AB - The study is concerned with the rosette-forming reaction of T- and B-lymphocytes of peripheral blood (RFB) and their activity in blasttransformation reaction (RBT) to phytohemagglutinin in patients with carcinoma of the stomach, colon, rectum and breast. A clinical assessment was made before and after a 10-day administration of a complex preparation stimulating the activity of vegetative centers and promoting redox processes in tissues. The treatment improved the tone of the sympathoadrenal system and immunologic response in cancer patients. PMID- 6977940 TI - [Kallikrein and prekallikrein content and antitryptic activity in the blood serum in serum hepatitis of varying degrees of severity]. AB - Activity of kallikrein, content of prekallikrein, antitryptic and BAEE-esterase activities as well as content of alpha 1-antitrypsin and heparin were studied in blood serum of patients with the B type of serum hepatitis (SH) of various severity. Presence of kallikrein in the active form, increase in content of prekallikrein, distinct increase in BAEE-esterase and antitryptic activities as well as in content of alpha 1-antitrypsin and heparin were observed in blood serum of the patients with middle and severe forms of the impairment. Severe form of the hepatitis complicated with the acute liver encephalopathy was characterized by the radically new state exhibiting further increase in activity of free kallikrein, decrease in content of prekallikrein as well as in BAEE esterase activity as compared with middle and severe forms of SH not complicated with the acute liver encephalopathy. Immunochemical analyses showed distinct decrease in the content of alpha 1-antitrypsin in blood serum of the patients with SH impaired also by acute liver encephalopathy. Besides, high level of the antitryptic activity was observed in severe forms of the hepatitis both with the encephalopathy and without of its. Further increase in the activity of free heparin was found in all the three forms of SH. Elevation of the antithrombin III inhibitory activity in presence of heparin was apparently responsible for an increase in the antitryptic activity under conditions of severe forms of SH when content of alpha 1-antitrypsin decreased. Activation of the kinin system and decrease in the alpha 1-antitrypsin synthesis, caused by destructive processes in liver tissue, are considered as factors deteriorating the disease development. PMID- 6977941 TI - [Express nonisotope method of determination of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the brain]. PMID- 6977943 TI - [Disturbances in the immune system in stomach polyps]. AB - As a result of the study of immunological status of 49 patients with gastric polyps, the levels of T- and b-lymphocytes in blood were found to be decreased. Dysimmunoglobulinemias were caused by abnormal levels of one, two ro even three immunoglobulins (M, G and A). Skin reaction of time-delayed hypersensitivity was reduced. It is suggested that immune disorders in gastric polyps may provide a source of their malignancy. PMID- 6977946 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin content in bronchial asthma patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy]. PMID- 6977944 TI - Characterization of various immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous application. I. Protein composition and antibody content. AB - In this comparative study we investigated 14 immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations for intravenous application; they were prepared by various manufacturers who used either placental or venous blood as the starting material. The pepsin- and plasmin-treated products and a preparation which, according to the manufacturer, was not degraded enzymatically, contained 17-86% of IgG split products. On the other hand, three chemically modified preparations, one preparation treated at pH 4, for products treated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and one preparation protected by albumin contained 90% or more of non-fragmented IgG. The IgG subclass distribution corresponded to the distribution of subclasses in normal serum only in the nonmodified and not enzymatically degraded preparations. All samples except one contained 0.1 mg/ml IgA or more, all contained only traces of IgM. No product had clinically relevant titers of irregular antibodies against erythrocyte antigens. The content of those antiviral and antibacterial antibodies that were tested for was similar in all preparations. Only the anti-HBs activity exhibited large variations. Some PEG-treated preparations showed an elevated prekallikrein activator (PKA) level, whereas all other preparations contained, if any, only traces of PKA. PMID- 6977945 TI - [Menetrier's disease (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6977947 TI - [Study of influenza virus interaction with T- and B-lymphocytes]. AB - B and T lymphocytes of a healthy and immune donor inactivate influenza virus and form "caps" in the presence of the latter. The process of "cap formation" by lymphocytes of a healthy donor terminated in separation of the "cap" with virions adsorbed on multiple microspikes. The virions attached to lymphocytes of the immune donor concentrate in the area of the "cap" which apparently is not rejected from the cell. B lymphocytes of normal and T lymphocytes of immune donors seem to form the "caps" more actively. Influenza virions penetrate lymphocytes of immune donors more rapidly and in greater numbers. PMID- 6977948 TI - [Modeling chronic infection in a T-lymphocyte-Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus system]. AB - A model of chronic infection in the system of T-lymphocyte--VEE virus was made. Production of infectious VEE (up to 6.0 lg PFU/ml), tissue culture interferon levels (less than 10 units/ml), accumulation of virus-specific antigen in chronically infected continuous human T-lymphocytes (78%) were studied. The presence of virus-specific sequence in DNA from infected cells was studied by the method of molecular hybridization and found not to exceed one DNA replica of virus genome per three cells of chronically infected T-lymphocyte culture. PMID- 6977950 TI - [Immunological factors in the muscular phase of trichinosis]. PMID- 6977949 TI - Noncardiac operations after coronary revascularization. AB - In 35 patients who had had earlier myocardial revascularization, a total of 44 noncardiac operations under general or spinal anesthesia were carried out. There was one cardiac death and three postoperative complications. Compared with the risk of general anesthesia and noncardiac surgical procedures in patients with coronary artery disease who have not had coronary revascularization, this is a major improvement. We conclude that myocardial revascularization provides significant protection against the risk of cardiac complications and death for patients with ischemic heart disease in whom general anesthesia and noncardiac procedures are needed. PMID- 6977951 TI - Immunomorphological changes in the lymph nodes and spleen of guinea pigs immunised with T. spiralis antigens. PMID- 6977952 TI - The role of T lymphocytes in the course of experimental trichinellosis in mice. Influence on anti-theta serum. PMID- 6977954 TI - [The effect of emergency endoscopy on the outcome of the upper intestinal hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977953 TI - [Asynchronous aging and biological aging]. AB - The author deals with problems arising from the attempt to determine the biological age of man, as a result of asynchronous ageing. Selected findings, including the author's are presented to prove that differentiation and a critical approach are required in collecting and interpreting what is known as ageing data which serve to find the biological age by way of cross-sectional studies. PMID- 6977955 TI - [Screening tests for colon cancer - a new comparison Haemoccult - hemoFEC and review of 9 years clinical experience with Haemoccult (author's transl)]. AB - Haemoccult was compared once more with hemoFEC after improvements of the latter material in 1979. 3200 patients were tested parallel with both materials. Haemoccult was positive in 149 patients = 4.6%, hemoFEC was positive in 129 patients = 4.0%. With Haemoccult 22 cancers and 26 large polyps were traced, with hemoFEC 20 cancers and 25 adenomas. 2 cancers and 19 large polyps were negative with both tests. Since 1972 a total of 25.700 patients have been tested with Haemoccult as part of the routine check-program, 873 = 3.4% had a positive test. Of the 600 examined, 124 had colorectal cancer and 196 had a large polyp. By reviewing the charts of all cancers and polyps diagnosed, 19 out of 143 cancers = 13% and 136 out of 332 polyps = 41% had a false-negative Haemoccult test on one time, initial testing. PMID- 6977956 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of the hemodynamic effects of closure of atrial septal defects of the secundum type. AB - In order to examine the feasibility of using multiple noninvasive methods in monitoring the hemodynamic changes induced by operation for atrial septal defect of the secundum type, 12 consecutive patients were examined before operation and 8 days afterwards. 10 of the patients were re-examined after one year. The methods used were echocardiography calibrated apexcardiography and systolic time intervals. It was possible with echocardiography to demonstrate a decrease in right ventricular end diastolic diameter and left atrial dimension already at the first postoperative study, but these changes were more marked after one year, though the right ventricular end diastolic diameter continued to be larger than normal. The left ventricular end diastolic diameter initially increased in size probably due to increased filing, but later returned somewhat towards the preoperative value. Functionally the apexcardiogram revealed an early decrease in left ventricular compliance probably due to the increased filling, but normal compliance after one year, where also the initially prolonged early relaxation time returned towards the normal value. The other apexcardiographical measurements did not change. Systolic time intervals showed an improved cardiac performance, as evaluated by preejection period index and preejection period/left ventricular ejection time, most marked at the early postoperative measurement. This is considered to be due to the improved left ventricular filling (The Starling effect) and not to changes in the myocardium itself. PMID- 6977957 TI - Magnesium in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and sudden death. AB - Magnesium ions are important for maintaining the functional and structural integrity of the myocardium. Epidemiologic studies suggest that myocardial hypomagnecytia can predispose to sudden cardiac death and that hard water protective factor preventing heart attack could be magnesium. Recent studies show that infarcted portion of the myocardium has lowered magnesium content as compared to noninfarcted segment. Magnesium deficiency sensitises the myocardium to the toxic effect of various drugs, hypoxia etc. and magnesium administration is protective. The metabolic, biochemical and electrophysiologic effects of magnesium appear to be significant in treatment of myocardial ischaemia. Magnesium is a metal-coenzyme and activates adenosine-triphosphatase which may be inhibited by nonglucose fuels like lactate and free fatty acids. Magnesium deficiency may be responsible for the chronic electrical instability of the myocardium predisposing to sudden cardiac death. The acute precipitating stress dependent trigger which lie in the brain may also be related to magnesium. In addition to fast Na and Ca channels there could be a Mg-carrying transport system maintaining the electrical activity of the myocardium. There is sufficient evidence to suggest the use of magnesium salts against ischaemic heart disease and sudden cardiac death. Magnesium is cardioprotective and influences action potential duration, membrane potential and perhaps maintains the fast response. The therapeutic and prophylactic value of magnesium needs further assessment. PMID- 6977958 TI - "Torsades de pointes" invariant angina: successful treatment with verapamil. AB - A patient had continuous paroxysms of the specific ventricular arrhythmia of the "Torsades de Pointes" type during attacks of variant angina. The arrhythmia was refractory to lidocaine and procainamide and only responded dramatically to verapamil, initially intravenous and afterwards oral. The low success rate in the treatment of such arrhythmias by other drugs and available experimental data suggest that verapamil should be further evaluated. PMID- 6977959 TI - Echocardiographic pitfalls in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. AB - The M-mode echocardiographic pattern of pulmonary arterial hypertension was found in a patient with patent ductus arteriosus and normal pulmonary pressure at catheterization. It is suggested that in this case, as in others reported in the literature, not only pressure but also the pattern of pulmonary blood flow may influence pulmonary valve position in systole and accordingly its echocardiographic representation. PMID- 6977961 TI - Proceedings of the Belgian symposium on "Computers in Cardiology." Steenokkerzeel, October 18th, 1980. PMID- 6977960 TI - Echocardiographic aspects of cardiac amyloidosis. AB - We report the M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in a patient with familial amyloidosis. The diagnosis was made by the clinical picture and histologic evidence of amyloid in peripheral nerve biopsy. Though the patient had no clinical sign of heart failure, extensive involvement of the heart was demonstrated by echocardiography. M-mode echocardiography revealed increased right ventricular wall thickness in conjunction with symmetric increase in left ventricular wall thickness. On two-dimensional echocardiography, the entire interventricular septum and the papillary muscles were more dense than normal. These high density echoes had a "granular and sparkling" pattern. This case shows that cardiac amyloidosis can be diagnosed in the pre-clinical, asymptomatic state by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. When symptomatic, confusion with constrictive pericarditis may be avoided non-invasively. PMID- 6977962 TI - Application of a temporal Fourier transform for evaluation of regional wall motion disturbances by radionuclide ventriculography at rest and at exercise. PMID- 6977963 TI - Computer analysis of the exercise ECG: new aspects. PMID- 6977964 TI - Development of a microprocessor-based arrhythmia monitoring system. PMID- 6977965 TI - Effect of premature ventricular depolarisation on the arterial pulse wave analysed by an on-line algorithm. PMID- 6977967 TI - A computer based coronary arteriogram reporting and information system. PMID- 6977966 TI - Computer applications in the catheterization laboratory. PMID- 6977968 TI - Quantitation of left ventricular function by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 6977969 TI - Digitizing two dimensional echocardiographical images. PMID- 6977970 TI - Radionuclide angiography during exercise: review of methodology and results in normal subjects. PMID- 6977972 TI - Symposium on lipoprotein and apoprotein structure and metabolism. Brussels, September, 20, 1980. PMID- 6977971 TI - Effect of image computer processing on the sensitivity and specificity of stress myocardial scintigraphy. PMID- 6977973 TI - Plasma lipid concentrations and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in normolipidemic subjects given fenofibrate and colestipol. PMID- 6977974 TI - Comparison of risk factors between Korea and Belgium. PMID- 6977975 TI - Circulating HDL-cholesterol levels are positively correlated with the extent of lymphatic fat transport. PMID- 6977976 TI - Lipoprotein patterns in newborns. Influence of nutritional factors. AB - Plasma and apoprotein levels were assayed in 3 groups of newborns at 0, 7 and 30 days and analyzed as a function of the degree of fatty acid saturation of the diet. The levels of total and HDL cholesterol and the apo A-I, apo A-II and apo B proteins were quantitated in infants either breast-fed or given an adapted formula (I) with a P/S ratio close to that of mother's milk or a formula (II) enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The lipid apoprotein levels are very similar in breast-fed infants and in those receiving the adapted formula I after 7 and 30 days. The addition of PUFA to formula II, significantly affects the plasma lipids and apoproteins of the infants after one week and one month of feeding, as total HDL cholesterol, apo A-I and apo B are significantly lower than in breast-fed infants. The results of this study therefore indicate that lipid and apoprotein synthesis in newborns is sensitive to the degree of fatty acid saturation of the diet. Plasma lipoprotein concentrations at 7 and 30 days are dependent on the type of nutrition. PMID- 6977977 TI - New possibilities to influence blood lipids and atherosclerosis-proneness with semi-synthetic fats. AB - Notwithstanding the universally accepted concept that atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, our research since thirty years convinced us of the validity of the fat diet theory in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Experiments with semi-synthetic fats enable us to stress the importance of quantitatively and qualitatively modified fat diets, not only in their fatty acid composition, but also in the specific triglyceride structure. Experiences comparing randomized butterfat with natural butterfat and administration of polyunsaturated fatty acid rich fats with monoglycerides, led to comprehensive explanations about the mechanism of monoglyceride assimilation and about the beneficial effect of randomized butterfat in long term experiments. PMID- 6977978 TI - Lipid and apoprotein levels in myocardial infarction survivors. A case-control study. AB - Serum cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the apoproteins A1 and B were determined in 20 males survivors of myocardial infarction and in 20 healthy age and sex matched controls. HDL-C, HDL C/TC and apo B/apo A1 were significantly different between the two groups. In a multivariate statistical analysis 85% of all subjects were correctly classified by using the HDL-C/TC and the apo B/apo A1 ratio. This study indicates that the apoproteins quantification yield complementary information in discriminating young male myocardial infarct survivors from normal controls. PMID- 6977980 TI - Bare Trichomonas vaginalis nuclei in cervicovaginal smears. PMID- 6977979 TI - Portal derivation surgery in children. A long-term follow-up report. AB - Eight children and two adults with portal hypertension were treated by portal diversion surgery. In all cases recurrent gastro-intestinal bleeding from esophageal varices was the indication for shunt-operation. Still in early childhood, three of these patients had had a splenectomy in other hospitals: one emergency splenectomy for hemoperitoneum and two elective splenectomies for hypersplenism. Three operative techniques were used: 5 spleno-renal shunts, 3 meso-caval shunts and 2 porto-caval shunts. All, but one, were followed over a period from 2 to 13 years after shunt-surgery. There was no mortality in this series. After shunting all children remained free of esophageal bleeding. We did not find any complication directly related to the shunt procedure. PMID- 6977981 TI - Effect of cooling on latency of monosynaptic discharges evoked in motoneurons of the frog. AB - Cold produced increase in latency of the dorsal root evoked monosynaptic ventral root reflex was investigated in frog lumbar spinal cord. Attempts were made to separate changes in the synaptic transmission time from changes in the conduction velocity of axons involved in the reflex pathway. Reduction of the temperature by 10 degrees C from the initial values of about 17-19 degrees C produced a 50-60 per cent increase in reflex latency, similar to the degree of slowing down of the axonal conduction velocity. The finding fails to conclusively support the chemical synaptic transmission mechanism of the ventral root discharges studied and calls for more detailed investigation of the phenomenon. PMID- 6977982 TI - Electronystagmographic findings in rats exposed to styrene or toluene. AB - A previously described experimental model for studying the effect of industrial solvents in the vestibular system of rabbits has been applied to rats. To achieve a constant concentration, the solvent was infused intravenously, dissolved in a lipid emulsion. Arterial blood levels were estimated by gas chromatography. The vestibulo-oculomotor behaviour of rats during repeated rotatory acceleration was investigated by electronystagmography. The effect of two solvents-toluene and styrene-on the rotatory induced nystagmus was examined. Both solvents caused an exaggerated reaction at arterial blood levels above 75 ppm. The investigation indicated that the rat will be suitable species for further electronystagmographic investigation of the influence of organic solvents on the vestibular system, for example in screening studies of the toxicity of these solvents. PMID- 6977983 TI - Pathological features of human facial nerve after central injury during tumor removal, with special reference to the non-motor component. AB - After injury to the intracranial portion of the facial nerve, undegenerated myelinated nerve fibres were seen to form a distinct bundle in the peripheral part of the transverse fascicular area at the level distal to the geniculate ganglion. The numbers and diameters of the fibres were similar to those seen in the nervous intermedius portion of the facial nerve in experimental animals. The average number of these apparently non-motor fibres was 2500. Their average diameter was 2.4 micrometer. PMID- 6977984 TI - Ototoxic effect of iodine disinfectants. AB - It had been suggested that disinfectants which could trickle into the middle ear through a perforated drum during the skin sterilization preceding otosurgery might cause inner ear damage resulting in deafness. In animal experiments it has been shown that chlorhexidine, benzethonium- and benzalkonium chloride, when introduced into the tympanic cavity of guinea pigs, will cause rather extensive damage to the neuroepithelial receptors of the inner ear. In the present study, iodine, frequently used for skin disinfection, has been investigated as regards ototoxicity by locally exposing the middle ear in guinea pigs. The duration of exposure was 10, 30, or 60 min. The animals were sacrificed 2 weeks later and the organs of Corti and neuroepithelial receptors of the vestibular part of the inner ear were studied as surface preparations in phase-contrast microscopy. It was found that slight damage had occurred in the basal parts of the organ of Corti of those ears exposed to iodine or iodophor in 70% alcohol for 60 or 30 min and damage to the vestibular receptors was observed in ears exposed to iodophor in 70% alcohol for 60 min. In ears exposed to iodine or iodophor in aqua dest., no damage to the inner ear sensory epithelia was revealed. PMID- 6977985 TI - Semicircular canals: measurement of endolymphatic and cupular displacements at threshold. AB - The left horizontal semicircular canal of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) was exposed and the entire intact nerve was draped over a platinum-iridium hook for recording action potentials (a.p.'s). The preparation was then rotated sinusoidally in the horizontal plane at 0.3 Hz with varying angular displacements. The arm of the canal was then transected, and a fine micropipette ligated in place in one end of the arm. Artificial endolymph was pumped into and out of the canal at the same frequency, while the amplitude of the displacement was varied from sub-threshold to supra-threshold values as determined from the resulting a.p. train. By comparing the two a.p. trains, it was determined that the movement of endolymph in the canals was 5.3 x 10(-8) cm3/deg/s, and that the threshold displacement of the midpoint of the cupula was 7.6 x 10(-5) cm (0.76 micrometers). PMID- 6977986 TI - Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in nasal cultures during acute otitis media. AB - Middle ear fluid (MEF) aspirates and nasal swabs of children with acute otitis media (N = 255, age 2-6 yrs) were cultured by standard bacteriological methods. In addition, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex agglutination were applied to detect pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens (Pn-ag) in MEF. When the nasal culture grew Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn), Pn was also present in 49% (73/148) and Pn-ag in 64% of the MEF cultures. If Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) appeared in the nasal culture. Hi was present in 41% (25/61) of the MEFs. There was a negative correlation between the growth of Pn or Hi in the nasal culture and the presence of other bacteria in the MEF. However, in spite of these correlations the nasal culture was concluded not to be useful in predicting the MEF bacteria. PMID- 6977987 TI - [Abnormal spectral sensitivity of electroretinographic off-response in protanopia and protanomalia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977988 TI - [Studies on the printing color and the screening efficiency of the Ishihara test for color blindness. I. Evaluation of the screening efficiency of the Ishihara test published in 1959 and 1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6977989 TI - CT of acetabular fractures: analysis of fracture patterns. AB - Thirty-one consecutive patients who sustained acetabular fracture or posterior femoral head dislocations were examined by computed tomography (CT). By analysis of closely spaced, thin CT images, it was possible to characterize the three dimensional nature of these injuries. Traditional classification into anterior column, posterior column, and complex two-column fractures was facilitated. CT was especially useful in evaluation of the two-column fractures in which unique information concerning the configuration of the fracture, integrity of the acetabular dome and quadrilateral surface, and identification of the stable fragment was obtained. Surprisingly constant fracture patterns were identified. CT was also useful in determination of presence or absence of loose bodies in the joint and in evaluation of the femoral head and sacroiliac joint in all types of fracture. PMID- 6977991 TI - Benign cortical hyperostosis underlying soft-tissue tumors of the thigh. PMID- 6977990 TI - CT of acetabular fractures: comparison with conventional radiography. AB - Computed tomography (CT) and plain radiography of the pelvis were compared in 26 adult patients in whom acetabular fractures or posterior femoral head dislocations were demonstrated or suspected on initial radiographs. The detection of abnormalities of the sacrum, sacroiliac joint, iliac wing, acetabular roof, joint space, anterior pelvic column, posterior pelvic column, posterior acetabular lip, pubic rami, and quadrilateral surface of the ilium by the two methods was compared. The ability of the two techniques to establish the stable fragment was also examined. Three independent readings of each examination for each pelvic region were tabulated, and sensitivity and specificity values were calculated. There was no significant difference between plain radiography and computed tomography in detection of fractures of the iliac wing, anterior pelvic column, posterior pelvic column, and the pubic rami, with high sensitivity and specificity for both examinations. CT was more sensitive than plain radiography in detecting fractures involving the sacrum, quadrilateral surface, acetabular roof, and posterior acetabular lip. In addition, abnormalities of the hip joint space, principally loose bone fragments, were detected more often by CT. Sensitivity of both examinations for abnormalities of the sacroiliac joint was relatively poor, but examinations were highly specific. Determination of the stable fracture fragment(s) was readily accomplished by CT scanning in all 26 patients; in five patients incorrect determinations were made with conventional radiographs alone. PMID- 6977993 TI - Balloon occlusion superior mesenteric arteriography for improved venous opacification: a clinical trial. AB - Balloon occlusion superior mesenteric arteriography and nonocclusion superior mesenteric arteriography were compared prospectively and retrospectively for adequacy of mesenteric and portal venous visualization. Prospective, occlusion studies in 20 patients were uniformly judged of excellent visual quality, while retrospectively, only 30% of nonocclusion studies from 20 other patients were considered optimal. In 10 of the patients who had balloon occlusion superior mesenteric arteriography, the procedure was preceded by a control nonocclusion superior mesenteric arteriography study. In only two (20%) patients was the nonocclusion study rated of excellent visual quality. Each study was assessed a rating of 0-3, according to how well the mesenteric and portal venous system visualized. Prospectively, all 20 balloon occlusion superior mesenteric arteriography studies were given the highest obtainable rating (3). Retrospectively, only six (30%) 20 nonocclusion superior mesenteric arteriography studies received a rating of 3; hence, 14 (70%) of the nonocclusion studies were rated less than excellent in visual quality when looked at retrospectively. No complications occurred with balloon occlusion superior mesenteric arteriography, and the occlusion procedure consistently gave excellent visualization of the mesenteric and portal venous anatomy. PMID- 6977994 TI - Evolution of porencephalic cysts from intraparenchymal hemorrhage in neonates: sonographic evidence. AB - Ninety-four low-birth-weight neonates were screened consecutively with real-time sonography for evidence of cerebroventricular hemorrhage. Among them, 13 were found to have intraparenchymal hemorrhage beyond the area of the germinal matrix. Weekly follow-up sonograms revealed progression to porencephaly in every surviving infant. Four different sonographic patterns were observed during the evolution from the original hemorrhage to the porencephalic cyst. The size of the mature porencephalic cyst correlated directly with the size of the intraparenchymal hemorrhage. After ventriculoperitoneal shunting, the porencephalic cysts became smaller or remain unchanged. One small cyst was no longer identified after successful shunting, but reappeared with shunt failure. PMID- 6977992 TI - Anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a comparison of arthrographic and physical diagnosis. AB - In a prospective study, the accuracy of arthrography was compared to that of the anterior drawer sign in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament tears. In 29 surgically proven cases, arthrography had a sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 89%, and predictive value of 83%. The anterior drawer sign had a sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 100%, and predictive value of 100%. Reasons for false positive and false-negative arthrograms and drawer signs are discussed. Although arthrography is accurate in determining anterior cruciate abnormalities, it is no more reliable than the anterior drawer sign. Physical examination should remain the principal means of cruciate diagnosis. PMID- 6977995 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: evaluation with metrizamide cisternography. AB - Metrizamide computed tomographic cisternography was used to examine 27 patients (19 males and eight females, 14-59 years old) clinically suspected of having cerebrospinal fluid fistulae with rhinorrhea. Twenty-one fistulae were traumatic and six were spontaneous. Five to 6 ml of metrizamide (or lopamidol, two cases) were injected by lumbar puncture at a concentration of 185-200 mg I/ml for direct coronal and axial computed tomographic sections of the skull base. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea was present at the time of examination in 12 of 27 cases. Results were evaluated according to three criteria: (1) metrizamide passage through the bony and dural defect; (2) demonstrable site of the fracture and/or bony defect; and (3) metrizamide visualized within a paranasal sinus, nasal cavity, or cotton pledget. The examination was considered positive when criterion 1 alone was present and when 2 and 3 were associated. In 15 of 27 cases, cisternography was positive, with the exact site of cerebrospinal fluid leakage demonstrated in 10 patients. In six cases, the results were not definitive; only one of the criteria (2 or 3) was fulfilled. In six cases, cisternography was normal. Seventeen patients underwent surgery. The site of cerebrospinal fistulae was ethmoidal in nine cases, frontoethmoidal in seven, sphenoidal in two, and sphenoethmoidal in one. The relative value of metrizamide computed tomographic cisternography compared with other diagnostic studies, polytomography, positive or negative contrast studies, and radionuclides, is discussed. Diagnostic pitfalls include artifacts and partial volume effect. PMID- 6977996 TI - High resolution CT with image reformation in maxillofacial pathology. AB - Twenty-four patients with maxillofacial pathology were examined with computed tomography (CT) using thin (1.5-5.0 mm) sections allowing computer reformation of images in multiple planes. Eight patients also had pluridirectional tomography. The patients included 14 with facial trauma, four with acute paranasal sinus infections, and six with suspected neoplasms. High resolution CT with reformations allowed thorough evaluation of facial trauma. Fracture sites were correctly identified, as were the relation of fragments to vital structures. The form of structural facial alteration was easily assessed, optimizing the presurgical plan for reconstruction. In addition, CT allowed simultaneous evaluation of associated brain injury. In acute infectious processes and neoplasms, CT defined the extent of involvement and directed the type of therapy. In both situations, accurate assessment of bony destruction permitted definitive planning for bony debridement in infection and helped in the differentiation of benign from malignant processes in neoplasia. Density determination also allowed differentiation of neoplastic soft tissue from inspissated mucus within obstructed sinuses. Experience suggests that CT can be the definitive imaging method in the diagnosis of complex maxillofacial pathology when sufficient evaluation is unavailable from plain films. It was superior to thin-section pluridirectional tomography in several instances. PMID- 6977997 TI - 350 kV chest radiography has no diagnostic advantage: a comparison with 140 kV technique. AB - It has been suggested that a 350 kV technique will produce better chest radiographs than lower kilovoltage techniques. This is because the 350 kV x-ray spectrum provides better penetration of the overlying bony structures and results in a clearer delineation of the mediastinum. Fifty cases, containing 92 definite and significant abnormalities, were selected from a pool of 500 patients who had both 350 and 140 kV chest radiographs on the same day. The 50 paired films were studied at separate times by five experienced radiologists. The interpretations were analyzed for accuracy, significance, and confidence level; interpretation times and the utility of the lateral radiograph were also noted. When all the definitely and potentially significant abnormal findings were considered, the 350 kV films produced fewer true-positive reports and more false-positive reports than the 140 kV films. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, constructed from the observers' confidence ratings, were shifted toward less satisfactory performance for the 350 kV readings. When only statements about nodules and masses were considered, identical ROC curves were produced by the two techniques. Despite their potential advantages, the 350 kV films showed no diagnostic superiority over the 140 kV films. PMID- 6977998 TI - Normal thymus: CT characteristics in subjects under age 20. AB - The chest computed tomographic (CT) scans of 40 subjects aged 20 or younger were analyzed retrospectively with special attention to the anterior mediastinum and the thymus. Thirty-four of the patients were considered to have normal CT appearances of the anterior mediastinum; neoplasm was suspected at this site in the other six. In the normal group, the gland was consistently identified as a characteristic anterior mediastinal structure. It had smooth, undulating, lateral contours tending to be convex laterally in the very young and concave laterally at an older age, although there was overlap in many in whom the shape of the lateral contours was a combination of convex, concave, or straight. A sharp angular contour to the lateral margin of the thymus was seen occasionally and is also thought to be characteristic of normal thymus. The posterior border of the gland molded to the heart and great vessels in all patients. The anterior contour was molded to the anterior chest wall or had a pointed shape directed toward the sternum. Molding to the mediastinum and chest wall was not found or was present to only a limited degree in the patients with anterior mediastinal tumor. Attenuation values varied between different normal glands and within the same gland on both pre- and postcontrast scans. Recognition of normal variation in the CT appearance of the thymus in young patients may prevent false-positive diagnosis of neoplasm. PMID- 6977999 TI - CT diagnosis of mediastinal thyroid. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is capable of specifically diagnosing mediastinal thyroid as the cause of a mediastinal mass. Five representative cases illustrate characteristic features of substernal thyroid. These include: (1) anatomic continuity with the cervical thyroid; (2) focal calcifications; (3) relatively high CT number; (4) rise in CT number after bolus administration of iodinated urographic contrast material; and (5) prolonged enhancement after contrast administration. While not all of these features are present in each case, a combination of these should permit accurate diagnosis in most cases. PMID- 6978000 TI - Asymptomatic thyroid nodules: incidental sonographic detection. PMID- 6978001 TI - Postpericardiotomy syndrome. AB - Postpericardiotomy syndrome is an immune phenomenon that occurs from several days to months after surgical incision of the pericardium. Prominent clinical features include fever, pericarditis, and pleuritis. Of 161 patients with Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome who underwent surgical treatment, 50 (31%) developed postpericardiotomy syndrome 4-12 days later. Of these 50 patients, 38 had sufficiently complete records for analysis. Significant radiographic abnormalities were present in 30 (79%) of these 38 patients, pericardial effusions in 19 (50%), pleural effusions in 26 (68%), and pulmonary infiltrates in four (10%). These radiographic signs almost always developed within 2 days of the onset of symptoms, either before or after, and were essentially absent in the 76 patients who did not clinically develop the syndrome. Postoperative radiographs can be extremely valuable in first suggesting or confirming the suspicion of postpericardiotomy syndrome. PMID- 6978002 TI - Visceroatrial situs abnormalities: sonographic and computed tomographic appearance. AB - Twenty patients with visceroatrial situs abnormalities were examined by sonography or computed tomography (CT). Eighteen patients underwent cardiac catheterization. Left isomerism (polysplenia syndrome) was found in seven patients, right isomerism (asplenia syndrome) in eight, and total situs inversus in five. The abdominal features of polysplenia include interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygous/hemiazygous continuation (100%) and multiple splenules. The diagnostic signs of asplenia include an inferior vena cava and aorta that course together on the same side of the spine with inferior vena cava atrial communication (100%). In each case, the key differential feature relates to the major abdominal vessels. Sonography or CT examination in cases of situs ambiguus may reveal diagnostic features that can be used with radiographic signs to accurately diagnose the visceroatrial situs. PMID- 6978003 TI - Sonographic demonstration of abdominal visceral lymph node enlargement. PMID- 6978004 TI - Drainage of abdominal abscesses guided by sonography. PMID- 6978005 TI - CT of peritoneal mesothelioma: analysis of eight cases. AB - In order to define the computed tomographic appearance of mesothelioma, eight patients with histologically proven peritoneal mesotheliomas had computed tomography (CT) performed during the course of their disease. CT findings for all cases were analyzed for evidence of tumor involvement in the peritoneum, mesentery, liver, bone, lymph nodes, and lower pleural space, and for ascitic and pleural fluid. CT findings included evidence of peritoneal involvement (7/8 patients, 88%), ascites (6/8, 75%), mesenteric involvement (6/8, 75%), pleural involvement (4/7, 57%), bone destruction (2/8, 25%), peritoneal mass (1/8, 12%), and retroperitoneal lymph node involvement (1/8, 12%). On the basis of diffuse mesenteric and peritoneal involvement and high incidence of ascites, CT may suggest the diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma; however, it may be difficult to differentiate from carcinomatosis, gastrointestinal malignancies, ovarian carcinomas, and, rarely, lymphomas. It is important to suggest the diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma because special stains and electron microscopy are necessary for pathologic diagnosis. Experience suggests that CT may be useful in suggesting the diagnosis and biopsy site, and after response to therapy of peritoneal mesothelioma. PMID- 6978006 TI - 133xe uptake in focal hepatic fat accumulation: CT correlation. AB - Irregular fatty infiltration of the liver appears as focal areas of decreased attenuation on computed tomography (CT) and often cannot be distinguished from other, clinically more significant space-occupying lesions. Six patients with CT and clinical findings suggestive of fatty infiltration had xenon-133 ventilation scans of the liver. Four of these patients showed uptake and retention of 133Xe in the corresponding area of the liver, confirming the presence of fatty infiltration. The two patients in whom there was no uptake or retention of xenon by the liver were subsequently proven to have liver abscess and metastatic adenocarcinoma, respectively. PMID- 6978007 TI - Urticaria of the colon: a nonspecific pattern of submucosal edema. PMID- 6978008 TI - Double-contrast enema in pelvic endometriosis. AB - The radiographic findings on barium enema in 42 patients with endometriosis were reviewed and correlated with those at surgical and laparoscopic examination. Radiographic abnormalities were detected in 27 patients. In nine patients, purely extrinsic mass effect was identified; bowel wall involvement in these patients was not present at laparoscopy. In 16 of 18 patients subsequently shown to have bowel wall involvement, mass effect with fine mucosal crenulation was identified. Annular or polypoid involvement was also noted. Mass effect with crenulation, although not entirely specific, appears to be a characteristic finding in patients with bowel wall involvement due to endometriosis. PMID- 6978009 TI - Computed tomographic mammography using a conventional body scanner. AB - The technique for computed tomographic (CT) examination of the breasts using a conventional body scanner is described, and experience with 67 patients is reported. In the diagnosis of both malignant and benign breast lesions, the results with a body scanner were equal to those of a dedicated CT/M mammographic unit. Although the CT study of the breast cannot replace conventional mammography in screening or in routine diagnostic workup, the unique capability of demonstrating both anatomic changes and increased iodide concentration in a cancer provides many advantages over conventional mammography. CT mammography appears to have the capability to detect breast cancers that are occult to other methods. Indications for a CT study of the breasts are: (1) clinically suspected breast cancer, especially with a mammographically occult lesion; (2) questionable mammographic findings, including microcalcifications, tumor shape, architectural distortion, and uncertain lesion location; and (3) evaluation of postbiopsy or postlumpectomy breast cancers when a primary irradiation therapy is contemplated. Breast CT also appears to be a valuable diagnostic tool in searching for a second primary breast cancer, follow-up study of postirradiation of breast cancer, followup study for postmastectomy patients, and screening procedure for genetically high-risk patients, especially those with dense breasts. PMID- 6978010 TI - Hysterosalpingography: comparison of Conray 60 and Sinografin. AB - Conray 60 and Sinografin were compared as contrast agents for hysterosalpingography in 40 consecutive patients in a double-blind protocol. Emphasis was centered on the incidence and severity of symptoms during and after the procedure. Of patients receiving Conray, 36% suffered moderate or severe discomfort compared with 78% of the patients receiving Sinografin, and 13% of patients receiving Conray complained of moderate delayed discomfort compared with 28% of those receiving Sinografin. Both agents produced excellent diagnostic studies. Conray was clearly superior to Sinografin in terms of patient comfort. PMID- 6978011 TI - Mobile intracardiac varix: a new echocardiographic entity. PMID- 6978012 TI - Tortuous azygos arch simulating a pulmonary lesion. PMID- 6978013 TI - Fatal pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcosis, and Kaposi sarcoma in a homosexual man. PMID- 6978014 TI - Versatile spring hookwire breast lesion localizer. PMID- 6978016 TI - CT for pelvic fractures. PMID- 6978015 TI - Technical factors for a more rapid enteroclysis. PMID- 6978017 TI - Incidence of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in homosexual men. PMID- 6978018 TI - Inversion of the right hemidiaphragm: additional articles. PMID- 6978019 TI - Nonchanging mammograms in proven carcinoma of the breast: additional cases wanted. PMID- 6978020 TI - Panoramic zonography of facial fractures. PMID- 6978021 TI - Enterocutaneous fistulae: interventional radiologic management. AB - Twelve patients with high-output enterocutaneous fistulae were successfully managed by interventional radiologic therapy. Control of the bowel effluent was gained by anchoring a large-bore T tube in the lumen of the bowel and placing sump drains adjacent to the bowel wall. Abscesses communicating with the fistulous tract were also catheterized and drained. This approach afforded control of sepsis and allowed the formation of a mature, fibrous external tract that subsequently underwent spontaneous closure. PMID- 6978022 TI - Liver lesions: comparative accuracy of scintigraphy and computed tomography. AB - Of 84 cases with both radionuclide and computed tomographic studies of the liver, in 54 the results of the two examinations agreed, in 14 results disagreed, and in 16 cases one of the two tests gave equivocal results. Overall accuracy in detecting or ruling out focal liver disease was 79% for scintigraphy and 98% for computed tomography. In 13 of the 14 patients in whom studies did not agree, the scintigram was falsely negative. In 10 of these 13 false-negative scintigrams, small (less than 2 cm) solitary or multiple lesions were detected on computed tomography in patients who had normal liver function studies. In seven patients in whom both studies agreed, computed tomography provided additional, extrahepatic information that altered clinical management. Scintigraphy was 86% accurate in detecting liver disease when the patient had a gastrointestinal neoplasm, but only 74% accurate for nongastrointestinal neoplasm. Computed tomography was over 94% accurate in both situations. These data indicate an advantage of computed tomography as the initial screening examination for space occupying lesions of the liver, especially in patients with a primary diagnosis of nongastrointestinal neoplasm. PMID- 6978024 TI - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: errors in diagnosis. AB - Experience with 42 cases of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is reviewed. The correct diagnosis was most readily made when: (1) the injury was recent, (2) the tear was left sided and large with readily identifiable structures herniated, (3) appropriate diagnostic procedures were carried out (chest film, upper gastrointestinal examination, barium enema study, nuclear liver scan, computed tomography), and (4) a high index of suspicion was maintained. The diagnosis was likely to be missed when: (1) the history of trauma, usually remote, was not obtained or was disregarded, (2) the hernia was right sided with herniation of the liver or other solid (water density) organs, or (3) diagnostic tests were not properly correlated (i.e., abnormal barium enema and chest film) or were not obtained. The rather characteristic appearance of herniated liver on the nuclear liver/spleen scan is noted and its use rather than pneumoperitoneum is recommended. PMID- 6978023 TI - Benign vascular tumors of the liver in infants: sonographic appearance. AB - The distinctive sonographic appearance of benign vascular tumors of the liver (one hemangioendothelioma and two mesenchymal hamartomas) in three infants is presented. Each child had hepatomegaly and congestive heart failure, and all had confirmatory arteriography. The sonographic pattern of a complex mass, dilated proximal aorta, and enlarged nutritive and draining vascular structures should alert the radiologist and clinician to this diagnosis. PMID- 6978025 TI - Catamenial pneumothorax: the roles of diaphragmatic defects and endometriosis. AB - The diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax should be suspected whenever a women in the third or fourth decade of life has recurrent right-sided chest pain temporally associated with menstruation. This entity was first described in 1958 and since then, 59 cases have been reported in the English literature. There is no universally accepted explanation for the pathogenesis of the pneumothorax. Four additional cases are presented which support the significant role that diaphragmatic defects and endometriosis play in the pathogenesis of catamenial pneumothorax. At thoracotomy, numerous small perforations of the right diaphragm were found in three patients, two of whom had associated endometriosis of that diaphragm. The fourth patient had indirect evidence of diaphragmatic defects proven by a diagnostic pneumoperitoneum. On the basis of the hypothesis of transfallopian passage of air, this patient was treated by tubal ligation only and has not had a recurrence of pneumothorax since. This form of therapy has not been reported previously for this disorder. PMID- 6978026 TI - Fetal head circumference: relation to menstrual age. AB - The relation between fetal head circumference and menstrual age was determined by cross-sectional analysis of 400 fetuses (15-41 weeks) examined with a linear array real-time (dynamic image) scanner using specifically defined methodology. Mathematical modeling of the data demonstrated that the head circumference growth curve is nonlinear, similar to the biparietal diameter growth curve. Both the linear quadratic (r2 = 98.3%) and linear cubic (r2 = 98.3%) functions could be considered the optimal model. Predicted head circumference values for the linear cubic function were comparable to established normal values on the basis of postnatal measurements at 25-40 weeks (mean difference, -0.94 mm; SD, 0.47 mm). Predicted menstrual age values (+/- 2 SD) associated with a given head circumference measurement were calculated and are presented in tabular form. The use of the head circumference measurement in predicting menstrual age, estimating fetal weight, and in detecting intrauterine growth retardation is discussed. PMID- 6978027 TI - Carcinoma of the cervix: percutaneous lymph node aspiration biopsy. AB - Percutaneous retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy was performed on 129 patients with carcinoma of the cervix, in whom a lymphangiographic study was reported as suspicious or positive for metastatic nodal disease. Of 159 total biopsies, 114 were performed on external iliac nodes and 45 on paraaortic nodes. An overall accuracy of 68% was obtained without significant complication. The sensitivity of the test was 58% and the specificity 100%. In patients with suspicious lymphangiograms for metastatic disease, percutaneous biopsy identified metastases in 32% of the cases. The predictive value of a negative test was only 42%, but the predictive value of a positive test 100%. PMID- 6978029 TI - Parapelvic cysts: appearance on CT and sonography. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) and sonographic appearance of 16 patients with parapelvic cysts were retrospectively reviewed. CT revealed a water-density renal hilar mass that did not fill with contrast material after intravenous injection. Sonography demonstrated a cystic renal hilar mass with echogenic walls that did not communicate with the collecting system. The differential diagnosis of renal hilar masses as seen by CT and sonography is discussed. PMID- 6978028 TI - CT of benign cystic teratomas. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) findings in nine benign cystic teratomas are presented and compared with radiographic, sonographic, and pathologic data. CT rendered a specific diagnosis in six cases and was highly suggestive in two, with results superior to other imaging methods. In each instance, CT was successful in predicting or excluding invasion of adjacent structures, but was not reliable in predicting or excluding adherence to them. Specific CT characteristics of benign cystic teratomas are predominantly fatty mass with a denser dependent element and globular calcification, bone, or teeth in a solid protuberance into the cyst cavity. Suggestive patterns include fatty mass with rim calcification and water density mass with globular calcification and solid tissue elements. Illustrated for the first time are the CT appearances of the different calcifications seen in benign cystic teratomas. PMID- 6978030 TI - Sonographic detection of occult testicular neoplasms. AB - Testicular sonograms were performed in four patients with pathologically proven metastatic neoplasms but a normal physical examination of the scrotum. An abnormal echo texture was seen in all cases: focal hypoechoic nodule (about 1 cm) in two, diffusely hypoechoic in one, and mixed diffuse/focal abnormality in one. Correct sonographic identification of the abnormal testis facilitates surgical removal and precludes unnecessary excision of the contralateral normal testes. The authors recommended testicular sonography to be used as a routine procedure in all patients with such a clinical presentation. PMID- 6978031 TI - Prosthetic hip replacements: plain films and arthrography for component loosening. AB - Component loosening of prosthetic hip replacements was evaluated solely by plain films in 56 patients and solely by arthrography in 49. Radiographic results and surgical findings were compared in all cases. Arthrography was associated with fewer errors. For acetabular component loosening, there were 11% fewer errors made by arthrography (26% versus 15%). However, for femoral component loosening, the number of errors decreased by only 3% (15% versus 12%). The errors associated with evaluation of the acetabular component were predominately false-positive, both on plain films and arthrography. For femoral component evaluation, plain films and arthrography were predominately associated with false-negative errors. PMID- 6978032 TI - Injuries of the distal tibial epiphysis: systematic radiographic evaluation. AB - The site of injury to the distal tibial epiphysis in the younger individual depends on the relation of the ligaments to the epiphysis, the type of injury, and the maturity and degree of closure of the growth plate. A characteristic radiographic pattern of injury occurs as a result of each particular injuring force, which in turn requires a specific mode of fracture reduction. One hundred and ninety-four cases of epiphyseal injuries were reviewed, and the incidence and diagnostic characteristics of the various types are presented. The Salter-Harris classification of lesions reveal the type II is the most common (46.4%), followed by type III (25.2%), type IV (10.3%), and type I (5.7%). The triplane fracture constituted 9.8%, and miscellaneous injuries, which could not be classified, were 2.6%. PMID- 6978034 TI - Irregularities at the base of the proximal phalanges: false indicator of early rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Fifty posteroanterior hand radiographs from normal adults were reviewed retrospectively to assess the incidence of cortical indistinctness at the base of the proximal phalanges in a normal population. This radiographic change, reported to be an early indicator of rheumatoid arthritis, was seen in at least one site in 10% of the films reviewed. Focal areas of cortical erosion or indistinctness at the bases of the proximal phalanges are not considered to be a reliable sign of early rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of juxtaarticular osteoporosis or changes in the metacarpal heads. PMID- 6978033 TI - Paget disease of the hand: radiographic spectrum. AB - Paget disease uncommonly affects the hand. When it does, radiographic findings are same as when the disease occurs elsewhere. Eleven new cases that demonstrate four predominant radiographic patterns are described: homogeneous sclerosis, trabecular coarsening, cortical thickening, and lysis. The homogeneous sclerosis pattern was associated with monostotic hand disease. One patient developed bilateral phalangeal osteosarcomas. In every case, the disease process extended to the subarticular region and the affected bone was enlarged. With one exception, both ends of the bone were involved. PMID- 6978035 TI - High resolution CT of thoracolumbar fractures. AB - Twenty-one patients with thoracolumbar spinal fractures were studied with computed tomography (CT). A vertebral body was involved in 20; 12 had additional fractures of the posterior elements. Five had multiple level injuries. Neurologic deficits occurred in nine and were more common in combined vertebral body and posterior element injury. Five patients had surgical exploration of the spinal canal. CT provided more information than plain films, which missed a vertebral body fracture in one of 20, spinal canal compromise in four of 17, and posterior element fracture in one of 12. CT showed the posterior element injuries in greater detail. CT with intrathecal contrast material showed dural tear in one case. Dural tears were found at surgery in two additional patients studied without intrathecal contrast. All three had lamina fractures and cauda equina symptoms. Prompt repair of associated nerve root herniation led to rapid recovery in two of these patients. PMID- 6978038 TI - Liquid crystal contact thermography of deep venous thrombosis. AB - A new thermographic technique for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis, liquid crystal contact color thermography using naturally occurring cholesteric crystals is described. Cholesteric crystals have the property of changing colors in consistent, predictable patterns in response to local temperature changes. The technique is reliable and reproducible. It has also been rendered simple by embedding the liquid crystals in elastic, flexible sheets. The sheets are inflated and readily adapt and contour to extremities of various sizes and shapes. Preliminary results have shown excellent correlation with ascending phlebography. The two methods were in agreement in 90% of cases with no false negative liquid crystal thermograms. The technique shows promise as a noninvasive screening study for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in high risk patients. PMID- 6978036 TI - Potential complications in myelography: I. Technical considerations. AB - Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated starch powder contamination on the stylet tip from a spinal needle after it was lightly touched with nonwashed surgical gloves. A sterile solution of Pantopaque was injected through the spinal needle after the stylet was withdrawn and carried particulate contaminants to a 0.2 micrometer millipore filter. Using both scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis, particles of various sized (mostly 5-10 microns) and variable compositions, including starch, talc, and other elements, were identified. Also, glass particles from the Pantopaque vial and plastic particles from the plastic syringe and tubing used in drawing up the Pantopaque were seen. These observations indicate that strict attention to proper technique in myelography is essential in order to eliminate potential cerebrospinal fluid contamination. PMID- 6978037 TI - Bulging lumbar intervertebral disk: myelographic differentiation from herniated disk with nerve root compression. AB - Deformities of the margins of the contrast material-filled lumbar thecal sac are common findings at myelography in patients with low back pain, but not all such deformities are due to herniated disks. Differentiation at Amipaque myelography between a diffusely bulging disk (unlikely to cause nerve root compression) and a herniated disk (which typically causes nerve root compression) is based on the curvature and extent of the extradural deformity of the anterolateral margin of the contrast-filled sac and on the presence of fusiform widening of the most distal part of the affected nerve root. The deformity caused by a bulging disk is rounded, usually symmetrical (although occasionally more prominent on one side), and does not extend above or below the disk space; the nerve root is uniform in caliber and normal in size. The deformity caused by a herniated disk is angular and extends cephalad and/or caudal to the level of the disk space; the affected nerve root is usually widened in its most distal visible part. A consecutive series of 33 patients with clinically suspected lumbar disk herniation and no previous history of back surgery underwent laminectomy. Using the criteria listed above for differentiation of bulging from herniated disk on Amipaque myelography, the myelographic diagnosis was correct in all six operatively confirmed bulging disks and in 26 (96%) of 27 operatively verified disk herniations. PMID- 6978039 TI - Transcatheter embolization of abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Four patients are reported with unresected abdominal aortic aneurysms in whom axillary bifemoral bypass surgery was performed with subsequent transcatheter embolization of steel coils and Gelfoam. Three embolization procedures resulted in complete thrombosis of the abdominal aortic aneurysm and one resulted in partial thrombosis. PMID- 6978040 TI - Normal variations in iliac venous anatomy. PMID- 6978041 TI - Dissecting synovial cysts of the shoulder: a complication of chronic rotator cuff tears. PMID- 6978042 TI - Primary appendicitis with an appendico-tuboovarian fistula. PMID- 6978043 TI - Lipid granulomatosis causing lymph node enlargement: CT appearance. PMID- 6978044 TI - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm simulating pyogenic vertebral spondylitis. PMID- 6978045 TI - Systemic arterialization of lung without sequestration. PMID- 6978047 TI - Fetus-in-fetu. PMID- 6978046 TI - Renal infarction appearing as an echogenic mass. PMID- 6978048 TI - Pitfalls in scintigraphic localization of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6978050 TI - Wilson's law of diminishing returns. PMID- 6978049 TI - Repositioning of biliary endoprosthesis with Gruntzig balloon catheters. PMID- 6978051 TI - Promoting effective use of newer imaging techniques. PMID- 6978052 TI - Incorrect diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta defended. PMID- 6978053 TI - Medial positioning of thoracostomy tubes. PMID- 6978054 TI - Square chest films. PMID- 6978055 TI - Electrical stimulation for scoliosis. AB - Scoliosis is detectable in 6 to 14 percent of school-age children. An estimated 0.1 percent of the curvatures are progressive and require treatment. The usual method of treatment consists of a restrictive brace worn most of the time. A successful and nonrestrictive technique utilizing electrical stimulation of the deep paraspinal muscles has been developed. Therapy involves night-time use of an implanted stimulator system. It places no restrictions on the child's activities, while producing results that are superior to bracing. PMID- 6978056 TI - Assessment of regional myocardial ischemia by positron-emission computed tomography. AB - Positron-emission computed tomography (PCT) is a new means of studying regional myocardial metabolism. This new device permits quantitative, cross-sectional imaging of the tissue concentrations of positron-emitting tracers of blood flow and metabolism in the myocardium. To examine the potential value of PCT for evaluating regional alterations in myocardial metabolism, acute myocardial ischemia was induced by rapid atrial pacing in open-chest dogs with partial coronary stenoses. Regional myocardial glucose uptake and utilization of free fatty acids were examined with the glucose analog F-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) and C-11-labeled palmitic acid. Myocardial blood flow was evaluated with N 13 ammonia. In the ischemic segment, uptake of C-11 palmitic acid was reduced in proportion to blood flow and its rate of clearance as an index of beta oxidation was delayed. There was a relative or absolute increase in FDG uptake (depending on the uptake of FDG in the normal myocardium). Similar observations were made in patients with ischemic heart disease and anginal symptoms at the time study. The observed alterations in the regional distribution of positron-emitting tracers of metabolic substrates in ischemic myocardium are in agreement with previously reported animal experimental studies in which a fall in free fatty acid utilization associated with an increase in glycolytic flux was observed. These studies indicate that metabolic alterations associated with acute myocardial ischemia observed previously in destructive animal experiments do indeed occur in humans and can now be demonstrated noninvasively in humans by PCT. PMID- 6978058 TI - Evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease by thallium-201 myocardial imaging. PMID- 6978057 TI - Diagnostic promise of positron tomography. AB - Cardiac positron tomography offers promise as a diagnostic tool with attributes permitting characterization of regional myocardial biochemistry and perfusion in quantitative terms. Its availability should facilitate the detection, localization, and characterization of metabolic sequelae of ischemia and impaired perfusion. Its power to elucidate intermediary metabolism in vivo should help clarify the pathogenesis and promote early detection of differentiation of specific cardiomyopathic processes, currently unrecognizable except in terms of end-stage functional and morphologic criteria. Its quantitative characteristics are amenable to sequential application and should facilitate objective evaluations of interventions designed to maintain or improve biochemical integrity in jeopardized myocardium in patients with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6978059 TI - Noninvasive assessment of coronary stenoses by myocardial imaging during pharmacologic coronary vasodilation. VI. Detection of coronary artery disease in human beings with intravenous N-13 ammonia and positron computed tomography. AB - The possibility of detecting mild coronary stenoses with positron computed tomography and nitrogen (N-13) ammonia administered during pharmacologic coronary vasodilation was previously demonstrated in chronically instrumented dogs. The feasibility of using this technique in human beings and its sensitivity in determining the degree and extent of coronary artery disease were examined in 13 young normal healthy volunteers and 32 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. N-13 ammonia was administered intravenously and its distribution in the left ventricular myocardium recorded at rest and during dipyridamole-induced coronary hyperemia. In the 13 volunteers, N-13 activity was homogeneous at rest and during hyperemia, whereas 31 of the 32 patients had regional defects on the hyperemic images not present during rest. All six patients with double, all 10 with triple and 15 of 16 patients with single vessel disease (97 percent) were correctly identified with the technique. Two vessel involvement was correctly identified in five of the six patients with double vessel disease and three vessel disease in six of 10 patients. Of all 58 coronary stenoses, 52 (90 percent) were correctly identified. In a subgroup of 11 patients, the technique was compared with exercise thallium-201 planar images, which were abnormal in 10 (91 percent) whereas N-13 images were abnormal in all 11. Of the 19 stenosed coronary arteries in this subgroup, 11 (58 percent) were correctly identified with thallium-201 and 17 (89 percent) with tomography (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that cross-sectional imaging of the myocardial distribution of N-13 ammonia administered during pharmacologic coronary vasodilation is a highly sensitive and accurate means for noninvasive detection of coronary stenoses in human beings and for estimating the extent of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6978060 TI - Anatomically flexible, computer-assisted reporting system for coronary angiography. AB - A computer-assisted method for reporting coronary arteriographic findings has been developed. A videographic display with a touch input system permits finger pointing to designate arterial segments, lesion locations, graft insertion points and collateral vessels. The coronary diagram is flexible to accommodate variations in dominance and in the size and length of the left coronary system branches. Lesion severity, type and length of lesions, distal vessel anatomy, collateral circulation and coronary bypass grafts (including Y or jump grafts) are displayed pictographically. A tabular summary and graphic output provide a completed coronary report eliminating the need for narrative dictation. An edit mode provides capability for teaching and review. The computer-assisted reporting method has the advantage of automatic data encoding in formats suitable for data base storage and subsequent retrieval. PMID- 6978061 TI - Myocardial perfusion imaging. PMID- 6978062 TI - The future of nuclear cardiology. PMID- 6978063 TI - Thymic changes in histiocytosis. AB - In order to arrive at a hypothesis of the pathogenesis of thymic changes in histiocytosis, the thymus glands from thirty-two children with histiocytosis were studied. In general, the changes were a severe loss of cortical and medullary structures rather than stress type changes in which only the cortical structure changes. The thymic changes were then classified into three main groups: severe dysplasia equivalent to that seen in congenital immune deficiency, severe nonspecific involution, and a third group designated as a dysmorphic type which resembled those with dysplasia, but, in addition, showed smaller lobules and interstitial histiocytic infiltration. The thymic changes correlated with the type of histiocytic disease. For the purposes of this study, the disease was categorized as Type I or Type II, as previously described. Dysplastic changes were only seen in those patients with Type I histiocytic disease, while involution occurred in patients with Type II histiocytic disease. Dysmorphic change was apparent in both, but it had a much higher incidence in Type II. PMID- 6978064 TI - Mouse erythrocyte formation. A marker for resting B lymphocytes. AB - The ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to form rosettes with mouse erythrocytes was examined using lymphocytes from normal healthy individuals of various ages and of neoplastic lymphoid cells from patients with a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders. Our results indicated that only B lymphocytes form mouse rosettes (MR). The percentage of MR varied slightly according to the strain of mouse erythrocytes used in the assay. Little variation in the mean percentage of MR was observed when lymphocytes from various age groups of healthy individuals were studied. When neoplastic lymphoid cells were incubated with mouse erythrocytes only lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia formed an increased number of MR. Peripheral blood B lymphocytes lost their ability to form MR following incubation with pokeweed mitogen. These findings supported the view that the determinant on B lymphocytes which binds to mouse erythrocytes was present only at a resting stage of B cell maturation. PMID- 6978065 TI - Massive bleeding from the ileum: a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. AB - Recurrent massive hemorrhage from the ileum as a late complication of radiotherapy has not previously been documented. We describe two patients with a history of pelvic radiotherapy 18 months and 11 yr before, in whom the source of melena was localized to the small bowel preoperatively. Characteristic serosal appearances of ileal radiation injury were present at laparotomy and resection of the terminal ileum controlled the hemorrhage. Pathological study revealed no ulceration but multiple telangiectatic vessels in the tips of mucosal villi. This cause should be considered in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding previously exposed to pelvic radiotherapy. PMID- 6978066 TI - Gastric radiotherapy as treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. AB - A patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and von Willebrand's disease is described. He suffered recurrent episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding endoscopically localized to the cardia and body of the stomach. A cobalt 60 source was used to deliver 1600 rad to the patient's stomach. The effect of the radiation was remarkable in that he remained free of bleeding for more than 11 months. Radiotherapy should be considered for control of gastric bleeding in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID- 6978067 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: a variant form. PMID- 6978068 TI - Real-time B scanning in the diagnosis of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. PMID- 6978069 TI - Endophthalmitis after strabismus surgery. AB - We treated two cases of endophthalmitis caused by strabismus surgery. In one patient, a scleral perforation was recognized during surgery and treated with cryopexy. In the other, a scleral perforation was suspected but never confirmed. Despite intensive antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy, visual acuity decreased to light perception in Case 1 and to counting fingers in Case 2. The second eye was enucleated eight years later after it had become blind and painful. PMID- 6978070 TI - Bilateral choroidal osteomas associated with fatal systemic illness. AB - An 11-year-old black boy complained of intermittent occipital headaches with nausea and projectile vomiting. Previous skin and lung biopsy specimens were interpreted as histiocytosis X. Cranial computed tomographic scanning disclosed a mass lesion in the region of the choroid plexus of the left lateral ventricle. This was surgically removed but proved nondiagnostic despite extensive histologic examination. An ophthalmologic evaluation showed discrete, elevated, yellow-white choroidal tumors in both maculas. The ophthalmoscopic appearance, as well as ultrasonography and computed tomography, led to the diagnosis of choroidal osteomas. PMID- 6978071 TI - Postoperative pseudophakic bacterial endophthalmitis. AB - Five patients who had postoperative pseudophakic bacterial endophthalmitis were treated with topical, periocular, and systemic antibiotics. Four patients also received intravitreal antibiotics and oral corticosteroids. The causative organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and Proteus mirabilis. Final visual acuities ranged from 6/7.5 (20/25) to no light perception. Response to treatment and final visual acuity did not appear to be related to retention or removal of the intraocular lens. PMID- 6978072 TI - Acute retinal necrosis. PMID- 6978073 TI - Epithelioid granuloma formation requiring no T-cell function. AB - Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a minimal structure in bacterial cell walls essential for their adjuvant activity, was incorporated in a water-in-oil emulsion and injected into the footpads of nude rats devoid of functional T cells. MDP thus injected evoked massive epithelioid granulomas in the draining lymph nodes, indicating that MDP induced epithelioid granuloma formation requires no T cells. This finding with other data available strongly suggest that epithelioid granulomas can be induced without immunologic reactions. PMID- 6978074 TI - Human T-cell malignancies: Correlative clinical, histopathologic, immunologic, and cytochemical analysis of 23 cases. AB - Twenty-three T-cell neoplasms were investigated for their reactivity with the OKT monoclonal antibodies and expression of certain cytochemical markers. Fourteen neoplasms with diverse histopathologic features, T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mycosis fungoides, the Sezary syndrome, T-immunoblastic sarcoma, and a pleomorphic large-cell lymphoma, expressed the T helper cell phenotype, OKT3+T4+. Nine other neoplasms displayed marked inter- and intra- tumor heterogeneity. Seven of these cases, lymphoblastic lymphoma, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and tumors with feature of T-immunoblastic sarcoma or the multilobated lymphoma of Pinkus, expressed intrathymic phenotypes. The other 2 cases, a lymphoblastic lymphoma and a so-called Lennert's lymphoma, expressed the previously undescribed OKT3+T10+ phenotype. These studies demonstrate that the T cell malignancies are divisible into phenotypes corresponding to normal maturational stages of T-cell differentiation and functionally distinct T-cell subsets. Such studies should provide a basis for understanding the biologic heterogeneity, clinical diversity, and significance of the variable cytomorphologic characteristics of T-cell malignant tumors and assist in the further delineation of normal human T-cell heterogeneity. PMID- 6978075 TI - Animal model of human disease. Lymphocytic thyroiditis. Autoimmune thyroiditis in rats induced by thymectomy and irradiation. PMID- 6978077 TI - Gastric and duodenal HCO3- transport in vitro: effects of hormones and local transmitters. AB - Luminal application of acid was recently shown to stimulate surface epithelial HCO3(-) transport in stomach and duodenum. Effects of some potential transmitters of this response were therefore studied in amphibian gastric fundic and proximal duodenal mucosa in vitro. Duodenal HCO3- transport, which could be titrated directly, was stimulated by dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP, 10(-6) M), the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (10(-6) M), noradrenaline (10(-6) M), pancreatic glucagon (10(-8) M), and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP, 10(-10) M). Stimulation by glucagon, but not by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 10(-6) M), required Cl- in the luminal solution and was prevented by furosemide (10(-3) M). This suggests that glucagon may affect HCO3(-)-Cl- exchange at the luminal membrane while transport stimulated by prostaglandins may be electrogenic. Stimulatory effects of glucagon and PGE2 were also additive. Gastric HCO3- transport, studied in tissues after inhibition of H+ secretion by histamine H2 antagonists, clearly differed from duodenum in that noradrenaline and GIP were inhibitory and DBcAMP was without effect. Stimulation of gastric HCO3- transport was observed with glucagon (10(-8) M), natural cholecystokinin (CCK, 10(-8) M), and CCK octapeptide (10(-7) M), CCK preparations had no effect in the duodenum. Although tested over a wide range of concentrations, no effect on either duodenal or gastric HCO3- transport was observed with histamine, pentagastrin, tetragastrin, urogastrone, ACTH, bombesin, motilin, secretin, serotonin, somatostatin, substance P, or vasoactive intestinal peptide. PMID- 6978078 TI - Comparison of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D absorption in the rat. AB - We have studied the intestinal absorption of physiological amounts of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] in vivo from jejunal sacs in rats with thoracic and bile duct cannulas. Under all test conditions, absorption of 25(OH)D was greater than absorption of vitamin D. The majority of absorbed vitamin D and 25(OH)D was transported from the intestine in portal blood rather than lymph. When the luminal fluid contained 2.5 mM oleic acid and monoolein, the presence of taurocholate did not affect total intestinal absorption of vitamin D or 25(OH)D but increased recovery of vitamin in lymph. When luminal fat content was increased to 10 mM oleic acid and monoolein, total absorption of both vitamin D and 25(OH)D was enhanced by taurocholate. No significant metabolism of vitamin D or 25(OH)D occurred during absorption and transport in lymph. Fifty-three percent of lymph vitamin D was found in the chylomicron fraction, compared with only 13% of 25(OH)D. Inhibition of chylomicron synthesis by cycloheximide decreased vitamin D absorption by 46% but diminished 25(OH)D absorption by only 30%. These differences in behavior of vitamin D and 25(OH)D during absorption may explain the superior absorption of 25(OH)D in patients with malabsorption. PMID- 6978080 TI - Functional ontogeny of human lymphoid cells as a factor in maternal-fetal tolerance. AB - The development of immunocompetence during gestation depends upon the sequential differentiation of antigen-specific lymphoid cells in the context of epithelial inducing microenvironments. These early intrauterine events, which appear to be antigen-independent, include clonal diversification of idiotypes and isotypes as well as commitment to B or T cell lineages. The steps in cellular maturation can be traced through the use of lymphocyte differentiation markers. Cooperation among lymphoid subsets, as well as from nonlymphoid cells and possibly other cofactors, is necessary for the effective function of this array of lymphocytes. The rate of expansion of functional immunity may be limited as much by the ontogeny of these collaborating influences as by the intrinsic immaturity of the B and T cells themselves. PMID- 6978076 TI - The Goodpasture-like syndrome in mice induced by intravenous injections of anti type IV collagen and anti-laminin antibody. AB - Laminin and Type IV collagen are both components of basement membrane. Antibodies to these two proteins, when injected into mice, were found to accumulate in all basement membranes examined, but at highest levels in kidney, liver, and spleen. An acute respiratory distress syndrome was noted shortly after injection. A transient segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis was observed both in the heterologous (early) and autologous (late) phase. The glomerular basement membrane of mice injected with anti-Type IV collagen antibodies was observed to be thickened and to contain dense deposits in the lamina rara externa and lamina rara interna. PMID- 6978079 TI - Ionic requirements for H+ secretion and membrane elaboration in frog oxyntic cells. AB - We have tested whether the ions K+, Na+, or Cl- are required for either initiation or maintenance of secretory parameters of amphibian oxyntic cells. In vitro mucosal preparations were washed repeatedly in Ringer solution lacking the ion in question either before (i.e., resting tissues) or after addition of stimulants. Electrophysiology, H+ secretion, and morphology (morphometric analysis of oxyntic cells) were monitored. Na+ or K+. Stimulation of resting tissues in Na+ or K+-free solutions elicited no H+ secretion; there was only a small increase (approximately twofold) in secretory surface density (Sv) (during control Sv increased sixfold). The Na+-free effects were partially reversed by high [K+]. In secreting tissues, Na+ or K+-free solutions caused H+ secretion to decrease to zero. Gastric glands from these mucosae appeared "occluded": the gland lumen was filled with apposed apical projections of oxyntic cells. Cl-. Stimulation after Cl- removal initiated low levels of H+ secretion. Morphologically the cells either appeared normally stimulated (Sv increased eightfold) or, more rarely, took on the occluded appearance. Cl- removal from stimulated mucosae decreased H+ secretion approximately 50%, but the cells were normally elaborate. We conclude that K+ is required for the initiation of H+ secretion and the stimulated morphology change; the effects of Na+ removal are due to effects on internal [K+]; Cl- is not required. The occurrence of occluded morphology under conditions of inhibited H+ and H2O secretion indicates a role for water flow in the maintenance of stimulated morphology. PMID- 6978081 TI - Effects of sex hormones on some T and B cell functions, evidenced by differential immune expression between male and female mice and cyclic pattern of immune responsiveness during the estrous cycle in female mice. AB - The responses of spleen cells from male and female BALB/c mice were evaluated to determine if sex-related variations in immune expression could be found. The immunologic assays used included blastogenic responses to mitogens, and direct and indirect measurement of plaque-forming cells against particulate antigens. The results indicated that responses of spleen cells from young adult female mice were higher than those of males in all comparative tests. Newborn mice did not demonstrate the sex-associated immune differences; and among the weanling mice slight differences between male and female spleen cells responsiveness to mitogenic agents were observed. The blastogenic responsiveness of spleens from female BALB/c was greater at proestrus and metestrus, as compared to estrus and diestrus. The peaks of responsiveness corresponded to reported elevated levels of estrogen and pregnenolone during these phases of the cycle. Similar results were obtained with the IgM plaque-forming cell responses, which were also increased at proestrus and metestrus. This study supports a role of sex hormones in modulation of immune expression. PMID- 6978084 TI - Changes in peripheral mononuclear cells in pregnancy. PMID- 6978085 TI - [Use of electrorelaxation of the uterus in the treatment of threatened abortion]. PMID- 6978082 TI - Cellular immunity during pregnancy. II. Response to T and B cell mitogens. AB - Immune reactivity of primiparous pregnant C57Bl/6J mice was investigated using in vitro assays of mitogen reactivity. The response to the T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A of cells from the paraaortic (PA) lymph nodes, which drain the uterus, was decreased in pregnant animals. Reactivity to lipopolysaccharide, a B cell mitogen, was normal. The decreased PHA response was seen with PA cells from mice bearing syngeneic or allogeneic (to DBA/2J) fetuses. It was not due to a change in sensitivity to PHA dose or to active suppression (as demonstrated by mixing experiments). Phytohemagglutinin reactivity of cells from inguinal nodes of pregnant mice showed a more variable depression of response in comparison to that seen with cells from the draining PA nodes. The response of axillary and brachial node cells was similar to virgin values. Statistical analysis revealed no differences in the average number of PA lymphocytes or fetuses per mouse between mice bearing syngeneic or allogeneic fetuses. This parallels the similarities found between syngeneic and allogeneic matings in in vitro functional assays. This study demonstrates that pregnant mice (syngeneic or allogeneic) show only a decrease in T proliferative capacity localized to the area of the uterus, while such responses in the rest of the body are left essentially intact. PMID- 6978086 TI - [Electropuncture treatment of juvenile hemorrhages]. PMID- 6978087 TI - [Use of vaginal electrostimulation in urinary incontinence]. PMID- 6978083 TI - Cellular immunity in normal pregnancy and abortion: subpopulations of T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgG and IgM. AB - Studies on the change of peripheral T and B lymphocytes and T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (IgG.FcR+.T lymphocytes) and IgM (IgM.FcR+.T lymphocytes) in normal pregnant women and patients with threatened abortion were performed by using rosette-formation tests. There was no significant difference in the proportion of T and B lymphocytes between pregnant and nonpregnant women. The percentage change of T cells of the patients in threatened abortion with good prognosis was significantly decreased and that of B cells of the patients in threatened abortion was significantly increased compared with that of normal pregnant women. The percentage of IgG.FcR+.T lymphocytes in the T lymphocytes increased in the various stages of pregnant and postpartum women as compared with that in nonpregnant women, and in the case of the patients with threatened abortion it also increased significantly from that of normal pregnant women. On the contrary, the percentage of IgM.FcR+.T in the T lymphocytes decreased in normal pregnant and postpartum women. PMID- 6978092 TI - Indications for pulmonary arterial catheterization. PMID- 6978088 TI - [Immune status changes in exacerbated chronic salpingo-oophoritis]. PMID- 6978091 TI - Facial paleness. PMID- 6978090 TI - Anti-IgG antibodies and antinuclear antibodies in allergic patients. AB - With an indirect immunofluorescence technique 77% of 96 patients with type I allergy and 40% of 20 patients with intrinsic bronchial asthma showed positive reactions for IgG anti-IgG antibodies in serum. They were present partly in an aggregated state not directly detectable before treatment with dithiothreitol. The aggregates could be removed by precipitation with polyethylene glycol. The IgG anti-IgG in hyposensitized patients were directed against both F(ab')2 and Fc fragments of rabbit IgG. Thirty of the type I allergic patients were examined once during hyposensitization as well. Before treatment 87% had IgG anti-IgG (titres 9-72). After greater than or equal to 13 months of treatment 100% were positive (titres 36-288). Eight patients were also examined after hyposensitization had been discontinued for at least 12 months. The titres of IgG anti-IgG had then reverted to the levels obtained before hyposensitization. Of 116 controls matched for sex and age, 7% had IgG anti-IgG antibodies. It is suggested that the production of IgG anti-IgG may be stimulated by the presence of immune complexes and that purity, amount and/or combination of allergens administered during hyposensitization may influence the production of anti-IgG antibodies. Neither IgE anti-IgG nor antinuclear antibodies seem to be of particular significance in allergic patients. PMID- 6978089 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in women with genital tuberculosis]. PMID- 6978093 TI - [Effectiveness of electroacupuncture in children with postoperative and post traumatic pain syndrome]. PMID- 6978094 TI - [Anesthesia, surgery and immunity in tumor patients]. PMID- 6978096 TI - Changes in lung function after smoking cessation: an assessment from a cross sectional survey. AB - Cross-sectional lung function data of 51 ex-smokers (mean, 8 +/- 7 yr since smoking cessation) were compared with those of 54 nonsmokers and 105 current smokers. All subjects were steel workers 45 to 55 yr of age. In order to assess whether lung function indexes improve after smoking cessation, "expected" values were calculated for the ex-smokers, taking into account both duration of smoking and time since cessation. Observed values of forced expiratory volume in one second, vital capacity, residual volume, peak expiratory flow rate, slope of the N2 single-breath washout, and bolus closing volume were significantly different from "expected" ones. This suggested that smoking cessation not only stopped the smoking-induced fast decline in lung function, but even led to some reversal toward nonsmoking values. This was already apparent in 22 subjects who had quit smoking less than 5 yr previously. PMID- 6978095 TI - Further study on the role of active T lymphocytes in human immunity to tuberculous infection. AB - Lymphocytes from healthy tuberculin reactors, but not those from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin test, were able to respond drastically to the in vitro purified protein derivative (PPD) stimulation with a marked increase in active T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the active T lymphocytes, but not late T lymphocytes, from normals were able to secrete a soluble factor (lymphokine)which was capable of activating in vitro the active T lymphocytes of the patients. PMID- 6978097 TI - Superior vena cava syndrome as a cause of pleural effusion. AB - The development in the postoperative period of the superior vena cava syndrome resulted in a persistent right-sided, transudative pleural effusion. It appears that the increased systemic venous pressure from left innominate thrombosis leading to superior vena cava obstruction in association with chest tube drainage connected to suction (increased intrapleural negative pressure) produced hydrostatic imbalances that resulted in increased pleural fluid formation and collection. PMID- 6978098 TI - Factors predicting survival after portosystemic shunt. PMID- 6978100 TI - [Importance of positron emission tomography for the study of cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 6978102 TI - [Familial Mediterranean fever in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Most cases of familial mediterranean fever (periodic disease) begin in childhood. However reports of this disorder in the pediatric literature are rare. This diagnosis is too often missed in pediatric practice. His symptomatology is the same as in adulthood with some particularities. Familial history is often the corner-stone of the diagnosis. Assessment of C'4 fraction of complement seems of good help for the diagnosis. The frequent occurrence of premonitory symptoms heralding the attacks allows us in many cases to start an intermittent colchicine therapy. Long term colchicine therapy should be used very cautiously in children and should be restricted to those children whose activities are disrupted by crisis occurring without alarm or to cases associated with amyloidosis. PMID- 6978103 TI - Present and future status of thymus transplantation. PMID- 6978104 TI - Serotonergic approaches to the modification of behavior in the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome. PMID- 6978101 TI - [The complement system in familial Mediterranean fever: studies in 41 families (author's transl)]. AB - A total increase of blood complement components, particularly C4, is found in subjects with familial Mediterranean fever both before and after colchicine therapy. This effect differs from the serum haptoglobin and orosomucoid concentration decreases detected after identical therapy, confering diagnostic value to this inflammatory syndrome. This could be of both hepatic and extrahepatic origin. For the latter, it is possible that up take of circulating monocytes, macrophage precursors, by the connective tissue of the serum sub mesothelial layer is responsible for the lesion. PMID- 6978099 TI - "Downhill" varices; a cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - Intrathoracic goiter remains an interesting diagnostic and surgical problem. A case of a patient with intrathoracic goiter causing a superior vena cava syndrome which resulted in "downhill" esophageal varices and bleeding is presented. This is the 36th case of reported "downhill" esophageal varices and the ninth to cause massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Intrathoracic goiter is a rare benign cause of "downhill" esophageal varices and bleeding, which can be completely cured by thyroidectomy. It is advisable to consider the addition of a vertical sternotomy in such instances for easier and safer control of the vast collateral venous drainage encountered during removal of the mediastinal component of the tumor. PMID- 6978105 TI - Fanconi's anemia. Tumor-like warts, hyperpigmentation associated with deranged keratinocytes, and depressed cell-mediated immunity. AB - A 27-year-old man had had Fanconi's anemia (FA) for 20 years. The patient had pancytopenia, retarded growth, hypogonadism, and chromosomal aberrations. He had freckle-like and darker pigmented macules scattered on his chest, shoulders, upper part of the back, and hips, with interspersed, hypopigmented areas. Biopsy specimens taken from both the hyperpigmented and hypopigmented spots showed a derangement of keratinocytes and nuclear abnormalities, more notable on sun exposed skin sites. The patient also had numerous tumor-like, recalcitrant, viral warts. Immunologic studies showed normal humoral immunity, but there was evidence of depressed cell-mediated immunity. We speculate that the chromosomal aberrations, the depressed cell-mediated immunity, and the increased frequency of malignant neoplasms known to occur in patients with FA also reflect changes related to an increased susceptibility to viral infections. PMID- 6978106 TI - Congenital self-healing histiocytosis. AB - In a typical case of congenital self-healing histiocytosis of the Hashimoto Pritzker type, the results of an ultrastructural examination of a nodule of a 30 day-old patient showed that about 25% of the cells contained unique phagosomes but no regularly laminated bodies. This case of congenital self-healing histiocytosis is an example of concurrent proliferation of two types of histiocytes (one with and one without Langerhans' granules). Since transitional forms were not observed, this finding might indicate the existence of congenital, self-healing forms of histiocytosis X. PMID- 6978107 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency presenting as a bleeding diathesis in the newborn. AB - Three cases of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency are reported. Each infant presented in the newborn period with a haemorrhagic tendency which responded to vitamin K. Two of them subsequently developed cirrhosis, and Case 2 is one of the few reported cases in infantile cirrhosis associated with the heterozygous protease inhibitor (Pi) SZ phenotype. On the basis of these 3 patients we feel that the exclusion of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency by Pi phenotyping should be considered in any baby presenting with a bleeding diathesis, especially in view of the genetic implications of the homozygous Pi ZZ phenotype. PMID- 6978108 TI - Immunosuppression and the rheumatic diseases. AB - Ignorance of the basic nature of rheumatoid arthritis precludes the introduction of rational schemes for using cytotoxic drugs. It is still plausible that the autoimmune and other immunological abnormalities which accompany this disease are the secondary effects of persistent antigen, for example, related to microbial infections. In this event, cytotoxic drugs may diminish the inflammatory response but their effects on immune responses would be irrelevant or even undesirable. Should rheumatoid arthritis prove to be a primary immunoproliferative disorder, cytotoxic drugs may prove to be of value not because of their conventional immunosuppressive effects but because of their selective action on the proliferating cells. Indeed, current evidence suggests that these drugs enhance rather than depress conventional immune responses, at least in the doses given to patients with rheumatic disorders. PMID- 6978109 TI - Bleeding esophageal varices: treatment with vasopressin, transhepatic embolization and selective splenorenal shunting. AB - The fate of 359 consecutive alcoholic cirrhotic male patients with bleeding esophageal varices was determined through chart review and personal interview. Three historical periods (1966-70; 1971-75; 1976-80) were defined based on availability of different therapeutic modalities. Management of acutely bleeding varices by conservative, nonsurgical means, including embolization, was preferable to emergency surgery when considering 30-day mortality rates. Percutaneous transhepatic embolization of esophagogastric varices significantly improved the rate of control of hemorrhage and 30-day survival over previously employed nonsurgical methods. The combination of nonsurgical management of acute variceal hemorrhage followed by selective distal splenorenal shunting resulted in maximum salvage of the alcoholic cirrhotic patient. PMID- 6978110 TI - Distal splenorenal shunt (DSS) in children: analysis of the first 21 consecutive cases. AB - Twenty-one children from the ages of 4 to 12 years old were treated for esophageal hemorrhage by distal splenorenal shunt (DSS). In four patients, thrombosis of the shunt occurred within the first 24 hours after operation. In the other 17 children, long-term shunt patency was verified. Only one thrombosis has occurred in the last 15 consecutive cases. The patients were followed from one-half to six years. Late angiographic studies were performed in five patients. Forward flow through the portal vein was demonstrated in all patients. In addition, collateralization between the portomesenteric (PM) and gastrosplenic (GS) compartments was present in each case. In four patients with a wide-open shunt, the direction of collateral flow was from the PM to the GS compartment. In one child in whom the shunt was partially obstructed, the flow was from the GS to the PM compartment. In all 17 successful cases, esophageal variceal hemorrhage ceased, and there were no instances of hepatic encephalopathy. It is concluded that DSS is a safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of esophageal bleeding in children. PMID- 6978111 TI - Comparison of dopamine and dobutamine following coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - A prospective, randomized comparison of the hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine was performed in 20 patients following coronary artery bypass grafting. Approximately 6 hours postoperatively, when patients were hemodynamically stable, either dopamine or dobutamine was administered at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per minute. At 5.0 micrograms/kg, both drugs increased cardiac index without changing heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, or peripheral vascular resistance. At 7.5 microgram/kg, dobutamine caused a further increase in cardiac index without changing the other variables. In contrast, increasing dopamine from 5.0 to 7.5 micrograms/kg/min caused significant increases in mean arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance but no further increase in cardiac index. We conclude that dobutamine is preferable to dopamine in patients following coronary artery bypass grafting, since it produces consistent, dose-related increases in cardiac index without increases in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, or pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 6978112 TI - Aortoesophageal fistula secondary to reflux esophagitis. PMID- 6978113 TI - Delayed operative intervention in cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction. AB - In a four-year period, 45 patients underwent counterpulsation for cardiogenic shock following myocardial infarction. Of these patients, 27 underwent angiography. Fifteen of them were not considered to be operative candidates because angiography demonstrated only single-vessel disease or diffuse distal coronary artery disease. Twelve patients were candidates for operation and were divided into three subgroups depending on the time of surgical intervention. One patient (Group 1) deteriorated while on counterpulsation, and underwent urgent angiography and operative intervention within 24 hours of balloon insertion. He is now in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class I. Group 2 consisted of 7 patients whose condition stabilized with use of the balloon but who could not be weaned. All underwent angiography from 7 to 14 days after insertion of the balloon. One patient died suddenly prior to operation. Six patients underwent coronary bypass from 8 to 21 days after balloon insertion. Five survived and are in NYHA Class II or III. Four patients were able to be weaned after angiography (Group 3). All had triple-vessel disease. Operation was undertaken six to eight weeks after infarction to treat persistent congestive heart failure or angina, or to improve chances of long-term survival. Two patients in this group survived. Our experience demonstrates that delayed intervention is an acceptable alternative to urgent operation. PMID- 6978114 TI - Detection of myocardial injury after coronary artery bypass grafting using a hypothermic, cardioplegic technique. AB - Fifty patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures using a clear, cold cardioplegic solution, topical hypothermia, and reduced systemic flow for intraoperative myocardial protection were evaluated for myocardial injury by serial plasma creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) measurements and electrocardiograms. Forty-one (82%) of the patients had three vessel disease. Preoperative left ventricular contractility determined angiographically was normal in 13 patients (26%), mildly abnormal in 26 (52%), and moderately or severely abnormal in 11 (22%). The number of arteries grafted ranged from 2 to 6 (mean, 3.5). The mean duration of aortic clamping was 38.6 +/- 1.6 minutes. There were no hospital deaths. Enzymatic and electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of myocardial infarction occurred in 1 patient. Nonspecific ECG changes occurred in 16 patients (32%), and th electrocardiograms were unchanged in the remaining 33 patients (66%). In the 49 patients without ECG evidence of infarction, the mean peak plasma CK-MB value, which occurred 6 hours after the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass, was 7.9 +/- 0.8 IU/L (standard error of the mean) and the mean integrated area 158 +/- 19.5 IU/L X hours. There was no correlation between these CK-MB values and the extent of disease, number of arteries grafted, or the duration of myocardial ischemia. These data document a low incidence of perioperative myocardial injury with this technique, and can serve as a baseline for comparison with other techniques for intraoperative myocardial protection in this setting. PMID- 6978115 TI - Medical complications of cardiopulmonary arrest. AB - The clinical courses of 63 survivors of cardiopulmonary arrest were reviewed to determine the incidence and temporal occurrence of noncardiac complications and their relationships to mortality. Complications were grouped as occurring within 48 hours or less, within 48 to 96 hours, or more than 96 hours after cardiopulmonary arrest. Pneumonia, electrolyte level disturbances, and gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage each occurred in more than 28 (45%) of the 63 patients. Resuscitation-related injuries, seizures, and liver function test abnormalities each occurred in at least 18 (28%) of the 63 patients. Pneumonia and liver function test abnormalities were each significantly correlated with increased mortality. Septicemia, acute renal failure, and adult respiratory distress syndrome each occurred in three (5%) to four (7%) of the 63 patients and were always associated with mortality. PMID- 6978116 TI - Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in the elderly. AB - Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia occurred in 12 patients older than 60 years in a 15-month period. These patients represented approximately 11% of the 104 elderly patients with bacterial pneumonia in whom transtracheal aspiration was performed. Eighty-five percent of H influenzae isolates (12/14) recovered from elderly patients with pneumonia were nontypeable. Nontypeable H influenzae pneumonia occurred in the community, in nursing homes, and in the hospital. Patterns of both bilateral patchy bronchopneumonia and dense lobar consolidation were seen on chest roentgenograms. PMID- 6978117 TI - Vasopressin induction of ventricular ectopy. PMID- 6978119 TI - Cerebral glucography with positron tomography. Use in normal subjects and in patients with schizophrenia. AB - Local cerebral uptake of deoxyglucose labeled with fluorine 18 was measured by positron-emission tomography in eight patients with schizophrenia who were not receiving medication and in six age-matched normal volunteers. Subjects sat in an acoustically treated, darkened room with eyes closed after injection of 3 to 5 mCi of deoxyglucose 18F. After uptake, seven to eight horizontal brain scans parallel to the canthomeatal line were done. Scans were treated digitally, with a 2.3-cm strip peeled off each slice and ratios to whole-slice activity computed. Patients with schizophrenia showed lower ratios in the frontal cortex, indicating relatively lower glucose use than normal control subjects; this was consistent with previously reported studies of regional cerebral blood flow. Patients also showed diminished ratios for a 2.3-cm square that was positioned over central gray-matter areas on the left but not on the right side. These findings are preliminary; issues of control of mental activity, brain structure identification, and biologic and anatomic heterogeneity of schizophrenia remain to be explored. PMID- 6978120 TI - Evaluation of various techniques to monitor intragastric pH. AB - Recent reports emphasized the importance of maintenance of a high intragastric pH to prevent gastric mucosal bleeding in acutely ill patients. In this study gastric fluid pH determinations were compared with determinations obtained using an intragastric pH electrode. There was poor correlation between pH determinations obtained by a bare intragastric electrode in contact with the mucosa and pH determinations on fluid aspirated from the stomach. During cimetidine administration mucosal and fluid determinations correlated well, whereas during antacid administrations correlated well, whereas during antacid administration mucosal pH was significantly lower than gastric fluid pH. These results suggest that during antacid administration pH determinations on gastric contents with pH paper may not accurately reflect the pH at the mucosal surface. PMID- 6978118 TI - [Hemophilus influenzae osteomyelitis and joint infection (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of Hemophilus influenzae arthritis can be solved by epidemiology, pharmacokinetics and counter immunoelectrophoresis. Counter immunoelectrophoretic study of the joint fluid is especially helpful when culture of the joint fluid fails to yield the organism. Identifying the rare cases with beta-lactamase-producing organisms is an essential step in the selection of the best antibiotic treatment. PMID- 6978121 TI - Embolization of bleeding esophageal varices via umbilical vein. An alternative approach. AB - Embolization of bleeding esophageal varices via the umbilical vein can be used as an alternative technique to percutaneous transhepatic coronary vein occlusion (PTCVO). Both techniques can stop acute bleeding from esophageal varices and allow the cirrhotic patient with portal hypertension to be prepared for an elective rather than an emergency shunt. Embolization via the umbilical vein can be performed with a patient under local anesthesia, can be effective when other methods fail, and can be done safely in the presence of both ascites and a bleeding diathesis, which are two contraindications to PTCVO. PMID- 6978122 TI - [IgG4 and immediate hypersensitivity. Presence of IgG4 in human basophil granulocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978125 TI - Collagen vascular disease appearing as chorea gravidarum. PMID- 6978124 TI - Inclusion body myositis associated with Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 6978123 TI - Neuro-otology of the lateral medullary infarct syndrome. AB - Nine patients had a lateral medullary infarction. Examination during the acute phase of the lesion to determine oculomotor and oculovestibular functions showed that all patients had hypermetric saccades and increased gain of the vestibulo ocular reflex (VOR) to the side of the lesion and hypometric saccades and decreased gain of the VOR to the side opposite the lesion. These abnormalities may be the consequence of the isolation of the vestibular nuclei from the flocculus, with loss of saccadic and vestibular gains by the cerebellum. PMID- 6978126 TI - An improved procedure for isoelectric focusing of human salivary proteins. PMID- 6978128 TI - Dominantly inherited blepharoptosis, high myopia, and ectopia lentis. AB - A previously undescribed syndrome of bilateral blepharoptosis, ectopia lentis, and high myopia apparently was dominantly inherited and originated from a spontaneous genetic mutation. The syndrome seems to be caused by a decrease in the tensile strength of the levator aponeurosis, the zonules, and the sclera. PMID- 6978127 TI - Visual improvements with red-tinted glasses in a patient with cone dystrophy. AB - A patient with cone dystrophy empirically discovered that his vision improved when a red filter was placed in front of his eyes. The present study documents the conditions under which his visual acuity and field improved and shows that the patient's vision is mediated by the night vision photoreceptors, the rods. Increment threshold functions examined the benefits (and limitations) of red glasses to the patient's vision. PMID- 6978129 TI - The relief mode. New application of the corneal specular microscope. AB - The growing clinical use of specular microscopy for the examination of the corneal endothelium demands accurate interpretation of the various abnormalities or "events" encountered in the specular image of diseased endothelia. In a new method of use of a large-field specular microscope, extensive areas of the posterior surface of the cornea may be viewed in apparent relief. In this "relief mode," any entities causing events in the specular image that interrupt the smooth posterior contours of the cornea can be seen by diffuse (as opposed to specularly reflected) light, and their true size, shape, and interrelationships are clearly shown. The relief and specular images occur in the same field of view and thus allow immediate elucidation of the nature of most events. PMID- 6978130 TI - [Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in high risk pregnancies]. PMID- 6978131 TI - Hemodilution in coronary bypass operations. PMID- 6978132 TI - Interactions between non-classical beta-lactam compounds and the beta-lactamases of Actinomadura R39 and Streptomyces albus G. AB - 6-Aminopenicillanic acid, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, mecillinam and quinacillin have varying substrate activities for both the R39 beta-lactamase (excreted by Actinomadura R39) and the G beta-lactamase (excreted by Streptomyces albus G). Cefoxitin and quinacillin sulphone are not recognized by the G beta-lactamase and are weak inactivators of the R39 beta-lactamase. N-Formimidoylthienamycin is a poor substrate for the G beta-lactamase and a potent inactivator of the R39 beta lactamase. The high value of the bimolecular rate constant for enzyme inactivation is mainly due to a very low dissociation constant (1 microM). Clavulanate is an inactivator of both G and R39 beta-lactamases. The reaction with this latter enzyme is a branched pathway where normal turnover and permanent enzyme inactivation occur concomitantly. Between 28 and 43 molecules of clavulanate are hydrolysed before one of them has the opportunity to inactivate one molecule of enzyme. PMID- 6978133 TI - Thrombosis in the lupus kidney. PMID- 6978134 TI - A serial study of splenic reticuloendothelial system Fc receptor functional activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A serial study of reticuloendothelial system splenic Fc receptor function was undertaken in 13 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fc receptor function was assessed by measuring the clearance half times of IgG-sensitized 51Cr-labeled autologous erythrocytes from the circulation. Prolonged clearance half times were initially detected in all patients, and the magnitude of the clearance defect was significantly correlated with disease activity (P less than 0.01, Spearman rank correlation) and immune complex levels (P less than 0.01). Clinical course and changes in receptor functional activity over time were found to be significantly correlated. Clearance half-times tended to return to normal in all 11 patients who clinically improved. The clearance half-time remained unchanged in 1 patient whose disease activity was stable, and it worsened in 1 patient whose illness flared. Levels of immune complexes also changed concordantly with clearance half-times and disease activity. These studies underscore the interrelationship between the presence of circulating immune complexes, defects in Fc receptor function that might lead to prolonged circulation of these complexes, and disease activity in SLE. PMID- 6978135 TI - Clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus: differences related to race and age of onset. AB - We compared the frequency of clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and determined survival in 113 patients with younger-onset lupus (age less than 55 at clinical diagnosis) and 25 patients with older-onset disease (age greater than or equal to 55 at diagnosis). The most striking difference was in the racial distribution; 59% of the younger patients were black, compared with only 20% of the older-onset patients (P less than 0.001). Major manifestation of lupus (including clinically evident renal disease, central nervous system involvement, cutaneous involvement, and hemocytopenia) occurred with similar frequency in both age groups. Antibodies to DNA were detectable equally often in both groups, but hypocomplementemia was more common in the younger patients. Five year survival in the younger-onset group (79%) was similar to that of the older onset group (72%); there was a tendency toward relatively improved survival in patients survival of appropriately matched control populations. Major significant differences in racial distribution included 1) a higher incidence of serositis in older whites and in blacks regardless of age, and 2) more frequent hypocomplementemia in younger patients within both racial groups. PMID- 6978136 TI - Predictive value of radionuclide joint scintigrams. AB - Twenty-two patients with normal or "noninflammatory" 99mtechnetium-labeled polyphosphate (TPP) peripheral joint scintigrams taken between 1974 and 1976 were reevaluated clinically. Retrospective chart review revealed that all initially had persistent polyarthralgia of more than 3 months duration. At followup, a mean of 3.6 years later, none had evidence of inflammatory joint disease, although 1 patient had systemic lupus erythematosus and 2 had polymyalgia rheumatica. A noninflammatory joint scintigram as part of a thorough rheumatologic evaluation may be a useful procedure in excluding inflammatory joint disease in selected patients with chronic persistent polyarthralgia. PMID- 6978137 TI - T cell leukemia presenting as chronic polyarthritis. AB - T cell leukemia was detected in a woman who suffered from chronic polyarthritis. The peripheral blood leukocytes were increased in number and consisted of lymphocytes, 95% of which could be identified as T lymphocytes. T cell infiltration was found in the bone marrow, the synovial fluid, and tissue, and in nodules macroscopically resembling rheumatoid skin lesions. Further investigation of these cells by enzyme chemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and cytochemistry revealed that they had irregularly indented nuclei, no alpha naphthyl acetate esterase activity, and only faint granular acid-phosphatase activity. The cells were negative for Ia-like antigen and surface immunoglobulin. Analysis of the cell surface glycopeptides showed the presence of abnormally enlarged carbohydrate structures. These data suggest that these leukemic T cells are a malignant equivalent of immature T cells. PMID- 6978138 TI - High risk of sacroiliitis in HLA--B27-positive Pima Indian men. PMID- 6978140 TI - Pharmacology of 4-benzyol-1-indancarboxylic acid (TAI-901) and 4-(4 methylbenzoyl)-1-indancarboxylic acid (TAI-908). AB - Pharmacological studies on the derivatives of 1-indancarboxylic acid yielded 4 benzoyl-1-indancarboxylic acid (TAI-901) and 4-(4-methylbenzoyl)-1 indancarboxylic acid (TAI-908). The relative potency (R.P.) of TAI-901 and TAI 908 assessed in parallel line assays (indomethacin - 1) demonstrated that both compounds were highly analgesic against various noxious stimuli induced in experimental animals. R.P. values of TAI-901 were 1.0, 1.7, 4.4 and 2.8 in the phenylquinone writhing, acetic acid writhing, adjuvant arthritic pain and urate arthritic pain tests, respectively. R.P. values of TAI-908 were 1.6, 2.0, 4.7 and 7.0, respectively, in these tests. Both compounds were more inhibitory than indomethacin against acute inflammation, but less inhibitory against chronic inflammation. The inhibitory activities of TAI-901 and TAI-908 on the prostaglandin biosynthesis by microsomes of rabbit renal medulla were 2.2 and 2.6 times that of indomethacin. TAI-901 was 1/3.8 1/7.1, and TAI-908 was 1/16.7 and 1/12.5 as toxic as indomethacin in male rats and mice, respectively. PMID- 6978139 TI - Followup study on patients with Reiter's disease and reactive arthritis, with special reference to HLA-B27. AB - An analysis of 160 patients with Reiter's disease, 144 with yersinia arthritis, and 9 with salmonella arthritis was performed, Complete or incomplete Reiter's syndrome was observed in one-third of the patients with yersinia arthritis and in most of those with salmonella arthritis. During the followup period, chronic back pain and joint symptoms were frequent in all the patient groups. Patients who were HLA-B27 positive had a more severe acute disease (more frequent back pain, urologic symptoms, mucocutaneous manifestations, and a longer duration of the disease) and more frequent chronic back pain and sacroiliitis. PMID- 6978141 TI - [Prevention and management of tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6978142 TI - Coronary bypass for acute rest angina. 10 year follow-up. AB - We followed up for 6.5 to 10.3 years 100 consecutive patients who had had coronary bypasses (1.8 per person) for acute angina at rest. There was a mean of 2.1 coronary stenoses per person. Mortality rates were 1.4% per postoperative year, or 2.2 times that of normal subjects of the same age. Angina was usually satisfactorily relieved but severe recurrences, mainly from late graft closure, required reoperation in 20 patients. Life style has been preserved; and 91 resumed work, with 52 at an average age of 61 years continuing to work eight years later. Better results that these may be obtained from the improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods of the 1980's. PMID- 6978145 TI - Lichen planus with late onset hypogammaglobulinaemia: a casual relationship? AB - A case of lichen planus of the mouth and vulva associated with late onset hypogammaglobulinaemia, alopecia areata and vitiligo is described, and the possible significance of a B cell defect in the pathogenesis of lichen planus is discussed. PMID- 6978143 TI - Effect of preanaesthetic medication on anaesthesia with ICI 35, 868. AB - The effect of three commonly used premedicants and a control on anaesthesia with ICI 35, 868 is described. Two randomized studies were performed--one a group study of induction characteristics at 2 mg kg-1 and the other a detailed study in patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery with an induction dose of 1.5 mg kg-1 and maintenance with incremental doses plus 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Premedication had little effect on the already good induction characteristics. Only heavy opiate premedication produced reliable induction at 1.5 mg kg-1, but with an increase in side-effects. Diazepam appears to be the premedicant of choice, although the overall frequency of pain on injection has not been affected by premedication. PMID- 6978144 TI - Comparison of the effect of diisopropyl phenol (ICI 35, 868) and thiopentone on response to somatic pain. AB - The response to somatic pain with sub-hypnotic doses of ICI 35, 868 (diisopropyl phenol in cremophor) and thiopentone was compared using tibial pressure algesimetry. Studies were also carried out following recovery from larger doses of both drugs. The patients underwent gynaecological procedures using only one of the two i.v. agents and nitrous oxide in oxygen. The studies confirmed the known antanalgesic action of thiopentone and demonstrated that diisopropyl phenol has an analgesic action which is an attractive feature in an i.v. anaesthetic agent. PMID- 6978146 TI - Philadelphia chromosome positive T-ALL. PMID- 6978147 TI - Deoxycoformycin-induced response in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: deoxyadenosine toxicity in non-replicating lymphocytes. AB - The occurrence of severe immunodeficiency disease in children with inherited adenosine deaminase deficiency, and reports of remission induction in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor deoxycoformycin, prompted a study of the effects of deoxyadenosine on resting peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemic (CLL) lymphocytes in short-term culture. In the presence of an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, micromolar concentrations of dAdo caused elevation of deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate (dATP) pools and in vitro lysis of non-dividing PBL and CLL lymphocytes. This death of non-replicating cells indicates a mechanism of deoxyadenosine toxicity independent of DNA replication and ribonucleotide reductase inhibition. Similar changes occurred in vivo in a patient with advanced CLL who responded to treatment with deoxycoformycin, 0.1 mg/kg, days 1-5, with a fall in the WCC from 102.0 x 10(9)/1 to 6.8 x 10(9)/l over 21 d. Therapeutic blockade of deoxyadenosine catabolism deserves further investigation both in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disease and as a method lympholytic immunosuppression. PMID- 6978148 TI - GM-CFC growth in chronic granulocytic leukaemia is not affected by a soluble inhibitor released by aplastic anaemia T-cells or mitogen-primed normal T lymphocytes. AB - Peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) cells were obtained from 12 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and cultured in agar for granulocyte macrophage colony formation (GM-CFC). In addition PB and BM CGL cells were co cultured with T-lymphocytes from patients with immune severe aplastic anaemia (SAA), or with T-cells from healthy donors primed with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The supernatants of SAA and PWM primed T-cells were also added to CGL cells grown in agar. Normal marrow cells obtained from eight healthy donors were used to set up control cultures and co-cultures. The results of this study indicate that, firstly, T-cells derived from SAA patients and their supernatants suppress GM-CFC growth of normal marrow cells but not of PB nor BM CGL cells, and, secondly, normal T-cells primed with PWM and their supernatants suppress normal marrow GM CFC but not colony formation of BM nor PB CGL cells. These results provide further evidence that mediators which are effective in regulating normal myeloid progenitor cells fail to inhibit the in vitro growth of GM-CFC from CGL patients. PMID- 6978150 TI - Water diffusion under osmotic gradients in frog gastric mucosa. AB - The asymmetry of the osmotic response of the frog gastric mucosa has been further analyzed by studying the effect of external tonicity changes on the water diffusion fluxes. Hyperosmotic solution at the serosal surface does not affect the water diffusion fluxes. Hyperosmotic solution at the mucosal surface, with isosmotic solution at the serosal surface, significantly reduces (P less than 0.001) the serosal-to-mucosal and the mucosal-to-serosal water diffusion. An increment in the restriction offered by the mucosa to water diffusion by effect of hypertonicity at the mucosal surface is proposed. PMID- 6978149 TI - Fluorescence polarization studies on the interaction of active site modified chymotrypsins with alpha1-protease inhibitor. AB - Fluorescence polarization has been used to study the interaction of human alpha1 protease inhibitor (alpha1 PI; also called alpha1-antitrypsin) with two active site modified chymotrypsins (CT), dehydroalaninyl-195-alpha-CT (AnhCT) and N methylhistidinyl-57-alpha-CT (MeCT). For the reaction of the fluorescein-labeled AnhCT (FAnhCT) with alpha 1 PI (Pi type MM, the predominant allelic form), a Kassoc of 1.8 x 10(7) M-1 was obtained by Scatchard analysis, which also indicated 1.3 binding sites. An alternate analysis using a direct dissociation plot, which assumes 1:1 binding, gave a Kassoc of 2.2 x 10(7) M-1. Fluorescein labeled MeCT (FMeCT) binds somewhat more weakly to alpha PT (Kassoc = 1.2 x 10(6) M-1; 0.87 binding site). Similar results were obtained by using the proflavin displacement method to determine the binding constant for MeCT with alpha 1 PI (Kassoc = 1.0 x 10(6) M-1). With alpha 1 PI (ZZ type) in which the serum level is reduced and there is a strong tendency to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the Kassoc found by the fluorescence polarization method was similar to that for alpha 1 PI (MM type) for both CT derivatives. Alpha 1 PI (MM type), modified by oxidation with N-chlorosuccinimide, shows a reduced binding affinity for FAnhCT (Kassoc = 6.5 x 10(5) M-1) and no measurable binding with FMeCT (Kassoc less than 1 x 10(4) M-1). Previous studies have demonstrated that bovine CT forms very stable complexes with alpha 1 PI. In contrast, complexes formed with both active site modified CT derivatives undergo rapid dissociation as shown by the drop in the polarization value on dilution or on the addition of excess unlabeled chymotrypsin derivative. This weakened association suggests that, for reaction with alpha 1 PI, the enzyme active site serine is important in stabilizing the enzyme-inhibitor complex. PMID- 6978151 TI - Effect of acetate on transport of organic acid (fluorescein) in renal proximal tubules of frog. AB - The effect of acetate on active fluorescein transport in intact proximal tubules of surviving frog kidney was studied. When the kidneys were incubated in a 120 mM Na+ medium, 10 mM acetate stimulated fluorescein uptake in the tubules. The stimulation was more pronounced if the kidneys had been previously preincubated for 3 h in the substrate-free solution. Lowering of the Na+ concentration in the bathing medium to 10 mM resulted in the disappearance of the acetate effect. Preincubation of the kidneys with acetate at 2-4 degrees C gave rise to stimulation of the fluorescein transport only in the 120 mM Na+ acetate-free medium. The acetate effect on the fluorescein uptake was partially prevented by ouabain. The stimulation of the uptake by acetate in the 120 mM Na+ medium correlated with an increase in the extent of reduction of pyridine nucleotides in the tubules. The pyridine nucleotides were reduced more markedly after incubation of the kidneys in the 10 mM Na+ medium, when acetate had no effect on the fluorescein transport. In both the 120 MM and the 10 mM Na+ media, the cold preincubation of the kidneys with 2.5 mM ADP or 2.5 mM ATP resulted in only slight stimulation of the fluorescein uptake. But in both media the uptake was significantly enhanced after cold preincubation of the kidneys with 2 mM NADH. After the cold preincubation with ADP, stimulation of the fluorescein transport by acetate was observed in the case of the 10 mM Na+ medium also. The absence of any stimulatory effect of acetate on the organic acid transport in the 10 mM Na+ medium is explained as the result of the transformation of mitochondria in the tubular cells into the inactive state 4 due to a decrease in the intracellular ADP level. Reducing equivalents are supposed to take part in energization and/or regulation of transport processes in plasma membranes of the renal proximal tubules. PMID- 6978152 TI - Kinetic considerations for the regulation of adenosine and deoxyadenosine metabolism in mouse and human tissues based on a thymocyte model. AB - Metabolic regulation at a branch point may be determined primarily by relative enzyme activities and affinity for common substrate. Adenosine and deoxyadenosine are both phosphorylated and deaminated and their metabolism was studied in intact mouse thymocytes. From kinetic considerations of two activities competing for a common substrate, the deamination:phosphorylation ratio, vd/vk, at high nucleoside concentration, [S] congruent to infinity, is equal to Vd/Vk, or 34 and 1090 for adenosine and deoxyadenosine, respectively. At low substrate concentrations, [S] congruent to o, vd/vk is equal to VdKkm/VkKdm, or 0.7 and 285 for adenosine and deoxyadenosine, respectively. The analysis was extended to other mouse and human tissues by measurement of adenosine kinase, deoxyadenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase activities. All tissues were found to preferentially deaminate deoxyadenosine. Three tissue types were apparent with respect to adenosine metabolism: those which preferentially phosphorylate adenosine at all concentrations, those which switch from phosphorylation to deamination between low and high adenosine concentration and those for which deamination is quantatively important at all concentrations. Lymphoid tissues are representative of the latter category. The kinetic approach we describe offers a means of predicting nucleoside metabolism over a range of concentration which may be technically difficult to otherwise measure. The phosphorylation of adenosine and deoxyadenosine was also studied in intact thymocytes in the presence of adenosine deaminase inhibitors. The rate of deoxyadenosine phosphorylation was unaffected by coformycin or EHNA, whereas adenosine phosphorylation decreased with increasing substrate concentrations to 18% the rate in the absence of adenosine deaminase inhibitors. PMID- 6978153 TI - alpha 1-Antitrypsin microheterogeneity. Isolation and physiological significance of isoforms. AB - alpha 1-Antitrypsin has a microheterogeneity evident on isoelectric focusing as three major and several minor bands. We have identified the carbohydrate structures of the major bands; band 6 (isoform I) has three bi-antennary sidechains, band 4 (isoform II) has two bi- and one tri-antennary and band 2 (isoform III) has one bi- and two tri-antennary sidechains. The identity of the isoforms with the bands permitted their measurement in plasma by photometric scanning of the electrofocused gels. In healthy controls the levels of isoforms I, II and III were relatively constant and in the proportions of 5, 4 and 1, respectively. A marked change occurred during inflammation and oestrogen stress with isoforms II and III accounting for most of the increase in alpha 1 antitrypsin. One possible consequence of the changed proportions was shown to be the increased catabolism of the partially desialylated tri-antennary isoforms compared to that of the predominant bi-antennary form of the healthy individual. PMID- 6978154 TI - Kinetic nature of the inhibition of a mixed-function oxidase by hydroxylamines; effect of the pretreatment of rats by inducing agents. PMID- 6978155 TI - [Replicative methylation of DNA in L-cells: effect of S-isobutyladenosine and cycloheximide and possible existence of two DNA-methylases]. AB - Methylation of DNA in cultured cells of mouse fibroblasts (L-cells) occurs at least in two steps, i. e. methylation of Okazaki fragments (up to 100 . m5C/C + m5C = 2.8-2.9) and methylation of linkage sites of DNA formed by ligation of the fragments (up to 6.0). The synthesized Okazaki fragments are not subjected to further methylation, since about one half of their methylation sites (CG) remains non-modified. The transmethylation inhibitor S-isobutyladenosine (SiBA) inhibits the methylation of the "linkage" sites of the newly synthesized DNA without affecting that of the Okazaki fragments. The repression of protein synthesis (including that of histones) by cycloheximide in the course of replication reveals some additional methylation sites. The level of methylation of the newly synthesized polymeric DNA reaches thereby 6.0, which corresponds to modification of all its CG-dinucleotides. A model for replicative methylation of DNA based on the existence of two DNA-methylases differing in their specificity is proposed. It is assumed that one of the DNA methylases is highly specific and functions within the complex with DNA-polymerase, while the other possesses a restricted specificity and functions in a free form (i. e. apart from the replicative complex). PMID- 6978156 TI - Pituitary and adrenal glands in neonatal rats studied by metopirone (Su4885). AB - One half of each litter of the 2- and 7-day-old rats was injected twice daily for 3 consecutive days with 15 mg/100 g body weight of metopirone (MET) in 0.05 ml of saline, and the remaining littermates with saline only. At the ages of 5 and 10 days, one half of the pups was sacrificed immediately, and the second half 20 min after s.c. injection of histamine as a stressor. MET depressed body weight and induced adrenal hypertrophy in the 5- and 10- day-old rats, and pituitary hypertrophy in the 5-day-old rats only. In resting condition the adrenal glands of the 5-day-old rats treated with MET contained less corticosterone (determined fluorometrically) than the 5-day-old control and the 10-day-old pups treated also with MET. Furthermore, neonatal MET treatment induced (histamine) stress response by the increase in adrenal corticosterone content in the 10-day-old rats, and by the increase in corticosterone content in plasma in both ages. The results indicate high sensitivity of the young neonatal rats to hormonal manipulations. They also yield additional support to the concept of functional integrity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system in neonatal rats, and to the flexibility of the postnatal developmental pattern of stress response. PMID- 6978157 TI - Uptake and retention of sex steroids by the neonatal rat adrenal gland. AB - The uptake of radioactivity in the adrenal glands of 5-day-old male and female rats was examined 2 h following injection of radiolabeled testosterone, R1881, diethylstilbestrol, or estradiol. The adrenals of both sexes had higher levels of radioactivity than blood after testosterone or synthetic androgen (R 1881) injection. The adrenals of neither sex showed any significant accumulation of radioactivity, following 3H-estradiol injection. When, however, cytosol prepared from neonatal adrenal glands was incubated with 2 nM 3H-estradiol, and the incubate subjected to column chromatography on Sephadex G-100, radioactivity was eluted with the void volume; this peak was absent with the addition of 100-fold unlabeled estradiol to the incubation. The possible role of alpha-fetoprotein in preventing the in vivo uptake and retention of 17 beta-estradiol is discussed since 3H-diethylstilbestrol, an estrogen which has low affinity for this protein, was retained by the adrenals of male rats. It is concluded that estrogens or androgens can have a direct effect on the neonatal adrenal gland. PMID- 6978158 TI - [Changes in the detectability of HLA antigens on lymphocyte subpopulations induced by mitogens and corticosteroids]. AB - A study was made of changes in the detectability of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR histocompatibility antigens on subpopulations of immunocompetent cells under the effect of mitogens and corticosteroids. HLA-antigens were identified by the lymphocytotoxic test. It was found that cell cultivation and mitogen stimulation lead to the fact that distinct reaction with the cells is produced by a greater number of HLA-antisera, while the specificity of direct and cross reactions remains unchanged. The main contribution to changes in the detectability of HLA antigens is made by T cells. The exposure of the cells to dexamethasone in a dose producing no cytotoxic effect drastically lowered cell proliferation under the effect of PHA and deteriorated the detectability of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens. As regards HLA-DR antigens, it was disclosed that PM-stimulation of B cells considerably decreased the expression of their antigens, whereas PHA-stimulation of T cells led to the detection of HLA-DR antigens on these cells. PMID- 6978159 TI - [Percentage of lymphocytes carrying receptors to complement 3 (EAC-RFC) and to Fc fragment of IgG (Tgamma-lymphocytes) in the thymus and spleen of human fetus]. AB - Adequate procedures were used to study the percentage of EAC-RFC and T gamma cells in the thymus and spleen of 22 human fetuses aged 11-28 weeks obtained as a result of spontaneous abortions. It was established that the content of EAC-RFC in the thymus of the fetuses examined does not exceed 1% on the average in all periods of the ontogenesis, which corresponds with the number of Ig+-cells in the organ. The content of T gamma-cells in the spleen of the fetuses obtained in the course of spontaneous abortions ranges within from 1% on the average (weeks 11-14 of the ontogenesis) to 5.6% (weeks 24-28 of the prenatal ontogenesis). This number is far less as compared to that of such cells in the spleens of adult man (45%) and fetuses obtained as a result of criminal abortions (18-31%). It is suggested that the decreased number of T gamma-cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortions and miscarriages. PMID- 6978160 TI - [Membranotoxicity of tumor cells to lymphocytes. Role of homology for IC subregion of H2-complex]. AB - The object of the research was to examine whether tumor cell membranotoxicity as regards splenocytes depends on the protein synthesis in the latter ones and whether it depends on the similarity or differences in the subregions of H2 complex. As effectors the following tumor cells transplanted in syngeneic mice were used: EL-4 (H-2b), MX-II (H2b), L-1210 (H2d), SA-1 (H2a). As target cells, the splenocytes from the following mice were used: B10/Sn, C57BL/6, B10.A (3R), B10.A (5R), B10.D2, B10.SM, CBA, B10. D2 (R 101), B10.D2 (R 107). It was shown that noncoincidence of the effectors and targets as regards the genetic basis, K, IA, IB, IJ, IE and D-subregions does not lower the maximal membranotoxicity inherent in the entire syngeneic system. Noncoincidence of the effectors and targets as regards the D-terminal of H-2 complex reduces more than 2-fold the effect of tumor cells on splenocytes. Thus, the coincidence of the effectors and targets only as regards the IC-subregion of H-2 complex is enough for attainment of the maximal membranotoxicity of tumor cell as regards splenocytes. It is discussed whether the injury to the target membrane (membrane toxicity) recorded in the research under consideration should be considered as cytotoxic (the target death) or as cytostatic. It is suggested that the phenomenon studied may underlie the immunosuppression due to tumor cells. PMID- 6978162 TI - [Interstitial techniques of hyperthermia (author's transl)]. AB - The interstitial techniques of hyperthermia allow one to obtain a precise specific absorption rate (S.A.R.) in a well-defined volume. We have available a low-frequency prototype amplifier, that is capable of heating up to 6 needles. This device was able to heat small volumes in animals, and then was used for patients. Five superficial tumoral nodules have been treated: the first results seem positive. The next step will be the combination of the techniques of interstitial hyperthermia with brachytherapy. PMID- 6978161 TI - [Effect of increased temperature on in vitro production of mitogenic lymphokines by human lymphocytes]. PMID- 6978163 TI - Performance characteristics of seven-pinhole tomography. PMID- 6978164 TI - Balanoposthitis associated with Gardnerella vaginalis infection in men. AB - Fourteen of 194 (7.2%) consecutive unselected men had positive culture results from genital swabs for Gardnerella vaginalis. A higher yield of isolates was obtained from preputial (93%) than from urethral swabs (64%). Of the 14 men, two had no detectable genital abnormality, eight non-gonococcal urethritis, and nine balanoposthitis. The urethral isolation rates for G vaginalis in men with and without non-gonococcal urethritis were not significantly different, but preputial isolation rates were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in men with balanoposthitis than in those without. The prevalence rate for G vaginalis in men with non-candidal balanoposthitis was 31%. In a second study, concomitant Bacteroides species were isolated in preputial swabs from nine of 12 (75%) men with G vaginalis-associated balanoposthitis and may play a role in its pathogenesis. PMID- 6978165 TI - Isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi from the conjunctiva. PMID- 6978166 TI - Pharmacological evidence for the involvement of serotonergic mechanisms in diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). AB - The involvement of serotonergic mechanisms in diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) acting on dorsal horn convergent neurones has been studied in the anaesthetized rat. 35 neurones activated by transcutaneous electrical stimulation of their hindpaw receptive fields giving clear large A-fibre and C-fibre responses were recorded. These activities were conditioned by DNIC, evoked by either noxious heat applied to the tail or noxious pinch of the nose. Cinanserin (4 mg/kg i.v.) and metergoline (5 mg/kg i.v.), serotonin (5-HT) receptor blockers, strongly reduced the inhibitory effects of DNIC whilst having no significant effect on the non-conditioned responses. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, a precursor of 5-HT synthesis, significantly potentiated the effect of DNIC. These results indicate an important role for descending serotonergic pathways in DNIC. The functional role of this system is discussed. PMID- 6978168 TI - Serotonergic innervation of the lateral hypothalamus: evidence from synaptosomal uptake studies. AB - Uptake of tritiated serotonin by synaptosomes prepared from rat lateral hypothalamus was examined. Uptake of serotonin into lateral hypothalamic synaptosomes occurred by both saturable and non-saturable processes. The saturable process was a high affinity transport with kinetic parameters that agree closely with those previously reported for serotonin uptake into synaptosomes prepared from other brain regions. Fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of uptake into serotonergic neurons, was a potent inhibitor of serotonin uptake into lateral hypothalamic synaptosomes. Desipramine and benztropine, noradrenergic and dopaminergic uptake inhibitors respectively, were much less effective. Damage to the ascending serotonergic system, by either electrolytic lesion of the dorsal or median raphe nucleus, or by 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine injections into the midbrain serotonergic pathways, significantly reduced the uptake of serotonin by lateral hypothalamic synaptosomes. Taken together, these data provide further evidence for a serotonergic terminal field within the lateral hypothalamus. PMID- 6978167 TI - Catecholamine modulates nicotinic ACh-receptor sensitivity. PMID- 6978169 TI - [Cell-mediated cytotoxicity--CML test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978170 TI - Appearance of the sheep red blood cell receptor on burn T-lymphocytes after cold incubation in fetal calf serum - a possible prognostic test. PMID- 6978171 TI - Chromatin-associated deoxyribonuclease activity in liver nuclei isolated from Rana catesbeiana froglets and premetamorphic and T3-induced tadpoles. AB - Nuclei and chromatin isolated in the presence of calcium or magnesium from Rana catesbeiana liver tissue exhibit considerable endogenous deoxyribonuclease activity. This activity is present in liver nuclei isolated from froglets as well as in liver nuclei isolated from untreated and thyroid hormone treated premetamorphic tadpoles. Nuclei and chromatin isolated in the absence of divalent cations and in the presence of spermine exhibit no detectable expression of the endogenous deoxyribonuclease activity. The endogenous deoxyribonuclease present, but not expressed, in spermine-isolated tadpole liver nuclei or chromatin is salt extractable. Once dialyzed, the salt-extracted deoxyribonuclease is activated by calcium or magnesium. This deoxyribonuclease shows maximal enzyme activity in 15 mM calcium at pH 8.0 or in 15 mM magnesium at pH 7.4. After Ca2+ activation, deoxyribonuclease activity is maximally inhibited by amounts of spermine similar to that required to completely inhibit DNase I. Destruction of the salt-extracted deoxyribonuclease activity by treatment with proteinase K or heat suggests that it is of a proteinaceous nature. The localization and nature of this enzyme activity established that it is associated with the salt-soluble proteins affiliated with tadpole and froglet liver chromatin. PMID- 6978172 TI - Isolation and characterization of goat serum alpha 1-globulin protease inhibitors. PMID- 6978174 TI - Tubular complexes of endoplasmic reticulum in lymphoblastic lymphoma: case report. AB - Distinctive intracytoplasmic tubular complexes have been identified occasionally by electron microscopy in a wide variety of hematologic and nonhematologic disorders. The mechanism of induction and significance of these tubular complexes are unknown. Tubular complexes were identified in the majority of bone marrow lymphoma-leukemia cells in a patient with documented lymphoblastic lymphoma in lymph node. These complexes varied in size but in general ranged from 800--1500 nm, and consisted of masses of nonparallel, twisted, smooth, 40-nm tubules. Continuity with adjacent endoplasmic reticulum was evident in some of the complexes. Cytochemical characteristics of the malignant cells included strong, focal, paranuclear acid phosphatase reactivity and strong, stippled nuclear terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positivity. Flow cytometric analysis showed a DNA-RNA content pattern consistent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and typical of T-cell lymphoma. This represents the first report of such tubular complexes in a presumed T-cell malignancy. PMID- 6978173 TI - Immunological characterization of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: enrichment of neoplastic cells from lymphoid tissues and blood. AB - Cell suspensions prepared from lymph nodes, spleen or peripheral blood of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) often contain a high percentage of residual nonmalignant cellular elements. By E-rosette sedimentation, it was possible to enrich such suspensions from patients with various types of lymphoma for malignant cells. In patients with a B- or non-B/non-T-cell lymphoma, the neoplastic cells were found in the non-T fraction. The capacity to respond to stimulation by various stimuli was then confined to the T-cell fraction, which contained the residual normal T-cells. In patients with T-cell lymphomas, in which the malignant cells had retained the capacity to form E-rosettes, lymphoma cells were found in the T fraction. These cells usually did not respond to mitogenic stimuli. Using this separation method, small proportions of neoplastic cells could be identified in mixed cell populations. Thus, in the blood from nine out of 23 lymphoma patients without abnormalities in routine blood tests, a population of abnormal cells was detected after cell separation. This included a monoclonal B-cell population in the blood of four patients, a questionably monoclonal B-cell population in the blood of two patients and in increased non B/non-T cell population in the blood of three patients. PMID- 6978175 TI - Burkitt cell leukemia without abnormalities of chromosomes No. 8 and 14. PMID- 6978176 TI - Establishment of methotrexate-resistant human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in culture and effects of folate antagonists. AB - A human acute lymphoblastic T-cell line, MOLT-3, was fed with Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium 1640-10% fetal bovine serum-antibiotics, containing increasing concentrations of methotrexate (MTX). After 10 months of feeding, the cells became resistant to 10(-7) M MTX; resistance was not reversed when the cells were placed in the original MTX-free medium. At 10(-7) M MTX, the concentration which produced complete inhibition of the parent MOLT-3 cell growth, the resistant cells were not inhibited at all. On a 50% inhibitory concentration basis, the resistant cells were approximately 30-fold more resistant to MTX. The parent MOLT-3 and the resistant line had the same doubling time of approximately 36 hr. There were no differences in light microscopic morphology. MOLT-3 produced loose colonies on 0.5% agar enriched with fetal bovine serum, whereas the colonies of the resistant line were tightly packed. The development of resistance was accompanied by a 4- to 5-fold decrease in [3H]MTX transport (MOLT-3/MTXt). Kinetic analysis of MTX uptake showed that the resistant subline did not have an altered Km for MTX (6.6 microM) but had a decreased Vmax of about 20% of the parent cell line. These data suggest that either the number of folate transport sites or the turnover rate of these sites has been reduced in the MTX-resistant cell line. Dihydrofolate reductase was only minimally elevated in the resistant cell line. The MTX-resistant cell line was cross-resistant to dichloromethotrexate. The sensitivity of the resistant line to the substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazoline and pyrimidine compounds, 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6 [(3',4',5'-trimethoxyanilino) methyl] quinazoline (JB-11) and 2,4-diamino-5 (3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-6-methylpyrimidine, increased more than 3-fold. While leucovorin equally reversed the MTX effects on the parent and resistant cells, leucovorin reversal of 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-[(3',4',5'-trimethoxyanilino) methyl] quinazoline and 2,4-diamino-5-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-6-methylpyrimidine effects was limited only to the parent cell line. 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6 [(3',4',5'-trimethoxyanilino) methyl] quinazoline or 2,4-diamino-5-(3',4' dichlorophenyl)-6-methylpyrimidine plus leucovorin might prove to be unique in treating patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia when the leukemic cells develop transport resistance to MTX. PMID- 6978177 TI - Identification of phorbol ester receptors in T-cell growth factor-producing and nonproducing EL4 mouse thymoma cells. AB - Two lines of EL4 mouse thymoma cells, one which responds to phorbol ester tumor promoters with production of T-cell growth factor and inhibition of proliferation and one which does not respond, have been examined for the presence of specific phorbol ester-binding components. Both lines displayed saturable specific binding as determined by using [20-3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate in a whole-cell-binding assay. Specific binding in each line was maximal within 10 min at 37 degrees but rapidly decreased to about 30% within 30 min. Maximal binding at 4 degrees was reached after 50 min and was stable for at least 8 hr; however, this level was only about 30% of the maximum obtained at 37 degrees. Saturation of the specific binding after 3 hr at 4 degrees obtained at a concentration (30 to 50 nM) which is consistent with that yielding maximal T-cell growth factor production in the responding line but greater than that at which inhibition of proliferation was detected in those cells. Scatchard analysis of these data was consistent with the existence of a single class of binding sites with a Kd of 11 +/- 0.6 (S.D.) nM for the T-cell growth factor-producing cells and 18 +/- 1.9 nM for the nonproducing line. The numbers of sites per cell measured in the responding and nonresponding lines were 5.6 +/- 1.3 x 10(4) and 7.1 +/- 0.2 x 10(4), respectively. Competition by a series of phorbol esters for [20-3H]phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate binding in the responding line showed the same order of potency as production of T-cell growth factor and inhibition of proliferation by the analogs. These data support identification of the phorbol ester-binding component in the responding cells as the receptor mediating T-cell growth factor production. The presence of binding components in unresponsive cells in numbers and with characteristics indistinguishable from those of responsive cells suggests that the failure to respond is due to modification of a step which succeeds the initial binding event. PMID- 6978178 TI - Involvement of T-lymphocytes in the stimulatory effects of EMT6 tumors on medullary pluripotent stem cells of BALB/c mice. AB - Untreated EMT6 tumors and bone marrow of tumor-bearing BALB/c mice secrete factors capable of stimulating quiescent medullary splenic colony-forming units into cycle. Since the tumor population is heterogeneous, it is of interest to determine the nature of the cells which are involved in this phenomenon. Experiments with conditioned media from tumors of BALB/c and athymic mice show that EMT6 cells themselves may secrete a stimulating factor but that the presence of T-lymphocytes is necessary at some time in the development of the tumor. Likewise, the presence of the tumor is necessary for bone marrow to secrete these factors in our experimental model. This suggests reciprocal influences of the T cells and the EMT6 tumor cells in the phenomena that we describe. PMID- 6978179 TI - Promotion of x-ray transformation in vitro. PMID- 6978180 TI - Regulation of growth and differentiation by phorbol esters and the mechanism of tumor promotion. AB - Our studies on the growth and differentiation of normal and malignant myeloid cells have shown that tumor-promoting, but not nonpromoting, phorbol esters can induce the production of an specifically increase cell susceptibility to the normal myeloid inducers of growth and differentiation, the macrophage- and granulocyte-inducing proteins MGI. In some clones of myeloid leukemic cells, the tumor promoters induced cell differentiation via the production of MGI. In other clones that were not inducible by adding only the tumor promoters or MGI, the tumor promoters induced differentiation by increasing cell susceptibility to externally added MGI. Normal myeloid progenitor cells, unlike leukemic cells, require MGI for cell viability and multiplication. Our studies with these normal cells have shown, that tumor promoters can also induce cell multiplication both by the induction of MGI and by increasing cell susceptibility to externally added MGI. We suggest that by the above mechanisms of inducing the production and increasing cell susceptibility to normal regulators of cell multiplication and differentiation, tumor-promoting phorbol esters can exert pleiotropic effects, the nature of these effects depending on which molecules are being regulated in the treated cells. PMID- 6978181 TI - Studies on antagonistic actions of TPA and retinoic acid. PMID- 6978182 TI - Effects of tumor-promoting agents on cells of the murine immune system: inhibition of antibody synthesis and of macrophage-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity. PMID- 6978183 TI - [Active and total T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood of children with relapsing and chronic otitis media (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978184 TI - Cell kinetics of lithium-induced granulopoiesis. AB - Lithium has been shown to be an effective inducer of granulopoiesis. The mechanism of lithium action has been shown to influence CFU-s and CFU-c proliferation, increase colony-stimulating factor (CSF) production and reduce erythropoiesis. We report here evidence to show that lithium recruits CFU-c that are not normally in the cell cycle into active DNA synthesis, as measured by hydroxyurea and tritiated thymidine suicide techniques. Furthermore, lithium action is shown to be time-dependent, since the delay addition of lithium for 5 min to normal bone marrow removes the enhancement usually seen when lithium is given at time zero. The implications of these lithium-induced effects are described. PMID- 6978185 TI - Survival of mononuclear phagocytes depends on a lineage-specific growth factor that the differentiated cells selectively destroy. AB - CSF-1 is a hemopoietic growth factor that specifically causes the proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytic cells. Receptors for CSF-1 occur exclusively on cells of the mononuclear phagocytic series (precursor leads to monoblast leads to promonocyte leads to monocyte leads to macrophage). Studies of the actions of CSF-1 on freshly explanted macrophages have been complicated by contamination of the primary cell isolates with CSF-1-producing cells and by the heterogeneity of the proliferative responses of individual macrophages. A method is described for the production of a highly purified and homogeneous population of adherent bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) that are devoid of CSF-1 producing cells. The method may also be used to obtain nonadherent precursors of the mononuclear phagocytic series. Studies of CSF-1 action and degradation in cultures of BMMs have revealed several new findings. First, CSF-1 is required for both the survival (without proliferation) and the proliferation of BMMs. Second, CSF-1 is degraded by BMMs in a concentration-dependent manner, over the range of concentrations that stimulates both cell survival and proliferation. Third, the rate of CSF-1 degradation is saturable (or approximately 7 X 10(4) molecules per cell per hour) at CSF-1 concentrations that cause maximum proliferation (or approximately 0.4 nM). Under these conditions, BMMs are greatly enlarged and contain numerous phase-lucent vacuoles. Thus macrophages specifically require CSF 1 for both survival and proliferation, yet selectively and rapidly degrade it. This apparent dichotomy may have important implications for the role of CSF-1 in macrophage homeostasis in vivo. PMID- 6978186 TI - Relative base composition of initiation sites for transcription in developing frog embryos. AB - The use of an inhibitor (0.4 N (NH4)2SO4) and an activator (sodium polydextran sulfate) of initiation of transcription in nuclei of frog embryos in vitro indicated that initiation sites for transcription are relatively A--T-rich. Comparison of incorporation of labeled ATP, UTP, and GTP, when initiation of transcription is prevented, indicates that initiation sites become relatively less A--T-rich as development proceeds. Inhibition of initiation of transcription in isolated nuclei blocks the normal increase in rate of transcription that occurs when cells enter the S phase, showing that an increased level of transcription depends upon a greater number of initiation sites. PMID- 6978187 TI - Selective suppressive effects of anti-allotype antibodies on spleen cells of adult rabbits. PMID- 6978188 TI - Comparative suppressive effects of anti-allotype antibodies on spleen cells of immature and adult rabbits. PMID- 6978189 TI - Effects on antibody-producing cells and peripheral bloody lymphocyte subpopulations (T- and B-cells) of P-MSY, a substance with antitumor activity from bovine parotid gland. PMID- 6978190 TI - The international histological classification of tumours. AB - This article reviews the development of the WHO project on the histological classification of tumours, which has included the establishment of several collaborating centres and has involved more than 300 pathologists in over 50 countries. The project has resulted in the publication, over the last 14 years, of 25 volumes in the first series of the International Histological Classification of Tumours (IHCT), each giving a classification of tumours specific to a certain site. The classifications are based primarily on the microscopic characteristics of the tumours and are concerned with morphologically identifiable cell types and histological patterns as seen by means of light microscopy and conventional staining techniques. The article also describes the relationship between IHCT and other classification and coding systems and assesses possible future developments that may result from new approaches to diagnosis. PMID- 6978191 TI - The role of bacteria in periodontal diseases. AB - The dental literature contains ample scientific data supporting the concept that periodontal diseases are infectious diseases. The formation of plaque on and around the teeth represents a massive accumulation of bacteria that are usually present in the oral cavity. This bacterial colonization is relatively independent of food intake, degree of salivation, mastication, or malocclusion.Although experimental studies have not defined the group of bacteria or a specific pathogen that is responsible for chronic gingivitis, it is known that the suppression of plaque is consistent with dental and periodontal health. It has been demonstrated that good oral home care combined with professional cleaning and/or the use of antimicrobial compounds can control dental plaque.In order to take full advantage of existing knowledge on dental care, it is necessary both to persuade the public to avail itself of the remedies available and to carry the message to practising clinicians, dental school staff, and dental scientists. The knowledge and techniques necessary to control plaque are available and, if applied collectively, can ensure the retention of the dentition throughout the life of the individual. PMID- 6978192 TI - Mammalian safety of microbial agents for vector control: a WHO memorandum. AB - This Memorandum outlines recommended safety tests for application to biological agents under consideration for widespread use for pest control. The basic principles utilized in developing these recommendations were that: (i) the hazards presented by microbial pesticides are inherently different from those associated with chemical pesticides and the tests used to determine hazard potential to man should reflect this; (ii) a high proportion of negative results is likely; (iii) tiered testing systems should be used; negative data obtained at any level would obviate the need for further testing; (iv) the primary tier testing protocols should be designed to expose test animals to the microbial agents under conditions that provide maximum opportunity for the expression of any adverse effects.Outlines of tests proposed for use with four groups of biological agents (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) are given. The safety tests required at each level of development of a microbial agent are described.The present status of safety testing of the agents already under development for possible use in vector control is considered. It is concluded that, for Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 and B. sphaericus, a level of safety testing has been reached that permits their use in large-scale field trials.Suggestions for applied research are made, covering safety aspects of cottage-industry production of microbial agents, studies on allergic responses, serological surveys on laboratory workers, and the investigation of environmental persistence of newly developed agents. PMID- 6978193 TI - The use of SI units in medicine: a WHO memorandum. AB - In view of the widespread difficulties being encountered in introducing the kilopascal for blood pressure measurements, the 1981 World Health Assembly endorsed an earlier recommendation for a gradual change to the SI unit, but recommended that both the millimetre of mercury and the kilopascal be used simultaneously in the interim. A new name, "the sievert" (Sv), for the SI unit of dose equivalent (ionizing radiation), and other changes related to the "litre", the "candela", and the "radian" and "steradian" are reported. PMID- 6978194 TI - The ecology of influenza viruses: a WHO memorandum. AB - Influenza A viruses continue to be isolated from man, pigs, horses, and a wide range of avian species, especially ducks. The recent isolation of an influenza A virus from seals has added an additional mammal to the list of natural hosts for these viruses. In contrast, influenza B viruses have been isolated only from man.The haemagglutinin of a virus isolated from gulls in the United States of America could not be identified with reference antisera and may constitute a new haemagglutinin subtype.Studies in swine suggest that H1N1 viruses related to A/New Jersey/8/76 continue to circulate in some countries of the world, and that the H3N2 and H1N1 viruses can be transmitted from man to pigs. The isolation from pigs of an H1N1 virus that is antigenically similar to avian H1N1 isolates and the isolation of "classical" swine influenza virus from a piglet in Czechoslovakia are of particular interest and raise the question of the source of the viruses.Preliminary studies on equine influenza viruses (H3N8) (Heq2Neq2) from horses in Europe suggest that significant antigenic drift has occurred in viruses of this subtype since the prototype was identified in 1963.The role of influenza viruses from lower animals and birds in the genesis of new human strains is unknown, and the genes responsible for host range and virulence have not yet been identified. The availability of techniques for analysis of all the RNAs and the gene products will permit further studies on these important questions. PMID- 6978195 TI - The role of genetic and molecular characterization of viruses in relation to influenza surveillance and epidemiology: a WHO memorandum. AB - A number of recently developed analytical techniques have been used in many laboratories in attempts to define more fully the genetic and antigenic structures of influenza viruses. The applicability of some of these techniques and the value of the results obtained by their use are discussed in this Memorandum. The techniques considered range in complexity from comparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virus RNAs to determination of the nucleic acid sequences of the virus genes and the amino acid sequences of the corresponding proteins. PMID- 6978196 TI - Persistence of neutralizing antibody 30-35 years after immunization with 17D yellow fever vaccine. AB - Previous studies on the duration of antibody following vaccination with 17D yellow fever (17D YF) virus vaccine have indicated that immunity persists for at least 17 years and suggest that the vaccine may provide lifelong immunity. We studied sera obtained from 149 veterans of the Second World War, 30 - 35 years after military service during which YF vaccination was required for defined groups. A significantly high proportion of "vaccinated" subjects was found to be seropositive to 17D YF virus. The highest proportion of seropositive "vaccinated" veterans (97%) was among navy and air corps personnel, while only 60% of "vaccinated" army personnel and 19% of "unvaccinated" personnel were seropositive. This study suggests that (i) antibody to 17D YF virus, as measured by the plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT), persists for 30 years or more following administration of a potent vaccine; (ii) army personnel often had not received potent vaccine, even though their service history indicated that they should have been vaccinated; (iii) some personnel were vaccinated, although their service did not include vaccination-designated areas; and (iv) 88% of veterans with persistent PRNT antibody to 17D YF virus also had mouse-protective antibody against French neurotropic YF virus. PMID- 6978197 TI - Synergistic impact of measles and diarrhoea on nutrition and mortality in Bangladesh. PMID- 6978198 TI - The eradication of smallpox in Shanghai, China, October 1950-July 1951. AB - Smallpox (variola major) was endemic in China for thousands of years until it was finally eradicated from the country in the early 1960s. The strategy and tactics of the eradication campaign in Shanghai, the largest city and major communications centre in China, were typical of those employed throughout China, but had some additional features of interest.The decision to eradicate smallpox was made in 1950 and three preparatory steps were taken immediately: supplies of potent (liquid) vaccine were assured; popular support was enlisted by intensive propaganda; and teams of vaccinators were trained. In Shanghai, the mass vaccination campaign began in October 1950, at a time when a smallpox epidemic was raging in the city. The last case of smallpox in the city was recorded in July 1951. A special feature of the campaign in Shanghai was the introduction of a national vaccination certificate to prevent export of smallpox from the city by the 2 800 000 persons who moved in and out of Shanghai each week by rail, bus, or boat.Eradication was followed up by a programme of vaccination of all infants, with revaccination at 6, 12, and 18 years of age, and mass vaccination campaigns in 1963, 1968, 1972, and 1978. The number of adverse reactions to vaccination was small and fell progressively from an overall figure of 8.4 per 100 000 in 1963 to 2.5 per 100 000 in 1978. Vaccination requirements were relaxed in 1978, but smallpox vaccination is still offered to children as part of the immunization programme. PMID- 6978199 TI - The malaria situation in the People's Republic of China. AB - This report describes the measures being applied to control malaria in China and outlines the present situation in the country. In the 1940s, it was estimated that approximately 350 million people were at risk of infection and that about 30 million cases of malaria occurred annually. In the last 30 years, large-scale antimalaria campaigns have been established and have achieved much success. In 1979, there were just over 2 million reported cases of malaria and approximately 64% of the population now live in areas where the incidence is below 5 per 10 000. However, there are still several major difficulties to be overcome, and much work is needed before the ultimate goal of complete eradication of malaria in China can be achieved. PMID- 6978200 TI - DNA repair after gamma radiation and superoxide dismutase activity in lymphocytes from subjects of far advanced age. AB - DNA repair after gamma radiation was studied in purified T lymphocytes from young and aged subjects. Two different assays were employed. In the first, T lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 72 h and then treated with hydroxyurea, irradiated with 30 K rads and pulsed with [3H]thymidine (TdR) for 4 h. In the second, T lymphocytes were first irradiated with graded doses of gamma rays (200-800 rads) and then stimulated with PHA, cultured for 72 h and pulsed with 3H-TdR for the last 6 h of culture. T lymphocytes from aged subjects showed a lack of DNA repair synthesis in the first assay whereas only minor differences were found in the second assay between the two groups, i.e., a certain degree of radioresistance in aged lymphocytes. Lymphocyte superoxide dismutase activity showed great individual variations in both groups and a slight increase in old subjects. PMID- 6978201 TI - Detection of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene-DNA adducts in rat liver measured by radioimmunoassay. AB - Antibodies to imidazole ring opened derivatives of alkali treated N-(guanosin-8 yl)-2-aminofluorene (1-[6-(2,5-diamino-4-oxopyrimidinyl-N6-riboside)]-3-(2 fluorenyl)urea were elicited in rabbits by immunization with a conjugate between the ring-opened derivative and bovine serum albumin. The specificity of the antibodies was studied by radioimmunoassay. These antibodies and antibodies to N (guanosin-8-yl)-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene were used to titrate the adducts formed in liver DNA of rats treated with N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. The ring opened derivatives represent approximately 10% of the dGuo-C8-adducts. PMID- 6978202 TI - A radioimmunoassay and biological profile of Ia-like antigens on human melanoma cells. AB - Human melanoma cells have unexpectedly been found to express Ia-like antigens, histocompatibility type antigens which are believed to be the gene products of the immune response region. Melanoma derived Ia-like antigens are immunologically functional. Monoclonal antibodies have been produced to these antigens. The level of Ia-like antigens on melanoma cells is significantly lower than on B lymphoid cells, and this is more likely to reflect a reduced synthesis than an increased shedding. We have employed radioimmunometric and immunofluorescent procedures in this investigation, Melanoma cell-derived Ia-like antigens have a structure similar to that of B lymphoid cell-derived Ia-like antigens. The antigens are composed of two non covalently associated glycoproteins. One chain, referred to as the alpha chain, has an approximate molecular weight of 34,000 and the other one, referred to as the beta chain, has an approximate molecular weight of 29,000. The expression of Ia-like antigens is restricted to malignant melanoma and not on benign nevi. PMID- 6978203 TI - A rapid and simple method for the measurement of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 using Sep-Pak C18 cartridges and a single high-performance liquid chromatographic step. AB - A simple one step high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure for the analysis of plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D2 (25-OHD2) is described. Plasma (2-4 ml) was extracted with methyl cyanide which was passed through a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, washed with methanol:water (70:30, v/v) and the 25-OHD fraction eluted with methyl cyanide. After isomerisation to their isotachysterol derivatives, the secosteroids were estimated using a straight-phase HPLC system, monitoring the eluent at 301 nm. Radioactive 25-OHD3, added to plasma at the start of the procedure, was used to correct for losses. Recovery of added 25-OHD3 was quantitative and values obtained using this method were similar to those obtained on the same plasma samples using a mass fragmentographic technique. Normal ranges were similar to those described by other workers and within- (5.8% for 25-OHD3) and between-(8.0% for 25-OHD3) batch reproducibilities were satisfactory. PMID- 6978204 TI - Prevalence and incidence of muscular dystrophy in Alberta, Canada. PMID- 6978205 TI - In vitro synthesis of IgE by human peripheral blood leucocytes. II modulation of IgE B cell activity by isotype-specific regulatory T cells. AB - IgE and IgG synthesis was demonstrated in cultures of isolated B cells from normal subjects, and those manifesting mild to severe atopy. Titration of autochthonous T cells into B cell cultures revealed both IgE isotype-specific T help and T-suppression at low and high T:B ratios respectively. Increasing levels of help for IgG synthesis usually accompanied the stepwise addition of the same T cells to autochthonous or allogeneic B cells cultures. Experiments comparing the activity of putative IgE suppressor T cells in autochthonous versus allogeneic B cell cultures indicated that allogeneic interactions per se selectively inhibit IgE B cells. This finding seriously questions earlier conclusions of a causal relationship between suppressor cell deficiency and the expression of the allergic phenotype. PMID- 6978206 TI - TG cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6978207 TI - Colony-forming lymphocytes in man. I. In vivo effect of hydrocortisone on phytohaemagglutinin-induced T cell colony formation. AB - The effect of a single dose (300 mg) of intravenous hydrocortisone on T cell colony and cluster formation was examined in healthy normal volunteers. Peripheral venous blood was drawn before and 4 and 24 hr following administration of the drug T cell colonies (greater than 50 cells/aggregate) and clusters (10-50 cells/aggregate) in response to PHA were assayed by one-stage stimulation in the microagar culture using glass capillaries. The maximum numbers of colonies and clusters were observed between days 7 and 8 of culture. At 4 hr following administration of the drug, both colony and cluster counts were significantly reduced (P less than 0.01). Colony and cluster counts returned to the initial levels 24 hr following administration of the drug. These changes in T cell clusters and colonies were accompanied with changes in the proportions of T cells with IgM (T micro) and IgG (T gamma) receptors. This study demonstrates that a single dose of i.v. hydrocortisone depresses T cell clonal expansion and suggests that this effect could be secondary to the redistribution of a subpopulation of T cells among peripheral blood and other lymphoid tissues and is perhaps not due to a direct suppression of the proliferative response. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6978208 TI - T lymphocyte colony-forming capacity of patients with immunodeficiency diseases: relationship of colony formation to E rosette formation and lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The formation of T lymphocyte colonies was studied in 30 normal subjects and 12 patients with suspected abnormalities in immune function. The mean number of colonies per plate in normal subjects was 1.159 +/- 411 which represented a plating efficiency of 0.5-1.0%. When individual cells from colonies of these normal subjects were studied for membrane markers, greater than 90% were E rosette-positive and less than 1% were positive for surface immunoglobulins. Blood lymphocytes obtained from all 12 patients showed diminished colony-forming capacity when compared to normal subjects with a range of 0-311 colonies. Six patients had less than 50 colonies/plate. Colony formation was diminished in some patients who had normal E rosette formation and lymphocyte proliferation in liquid culture. Because of these discrepancies it appears that colony formation is not a direct reflection of E rosette formation and lymphocyte proliferation. Evaluation of T lymphocyte colony-forming capacity may prove useful as an additional in vitro assessment of lymphocyte function. PMID- 6978209 TI - The interference of fibrinogen and heparin with the determination of circulating immune complexes in the C1q-binding assay. AB - When citrate plasma and serum of the same individual were tested simultaneously in the C1q-binding assay (C1qBA), binding levels in plasma were found to be 90 400% higher than in serum. The difference in 125I-Clq binding was due to the presence of fibrinogen in plasma. It was shown that complex formation between fibrinogen and 125I-Clq occurs and that this complex precipitates in the presence of polyethylene glycol, leading to the false positive results in the ClqBA. When heparin plasma was used to the assay, heparin itself also induced an increase in 125I-C1q binding that was not based on the presence of immune complexes. The effect of both fibrinogen and heparin could be inhibited by addition of protamine sulphate. Therefore, pretreatment of plasma with protamine sulphate makes it possible to use plasma samples for a reliable determination of C1q-binding levels. However, serum that is well clotted should be used preferentially. PMID- 6978211 TI - Increased circulating T alpha lymphocyte population in bronchogenic and colonic carcinoma. AB - The proportion of T lymphocytes bearing membrane receptors for IgA (T alpha cells) was markedly increased in the peripheral blood of patients suffering from cancers of the colon and bronchus compared to an age-matched normal population and to age-matched control patients being treated for non-malignant chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine and lung. By contrast, the percentage of the T lymphocyte population having Fc-IgG receptors (T gamma cells) and Fc-IgM receptors (T mu cells) in mucosal malignancy was similar to that found in the two control populations. It is suggested that the increased percentage of T alpha cells found in colonic and bronchogenic carcinoma patients may reflect an as yet unknown regulatory function for this subset. PMID- 6978210 TI - Activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by a trypanosome-derived mitogen. AB - Activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes from unsensitized donors by fractions of T.b rhodesiense has been demonstrated in vitro. Both T and B cells were stimulated to differentiate into blast cells. Purified T cells failed to proliferate, but did so when mitomycin C-treated non-T cells were added. Non-T cell proliferation (weak in comparison to the T cell response) was shown to be T dependent. In unseparated cell cultures. cultures, IgM synthesis was enhanced, whilst IgG synthesis was unaltered. However, reconstitution of non-T cells with equal number of irradiated T cells resulted in enhanced IgG synthesis. Thus neither T nor B cells were activated directly, but required the co-operation of accessory cells to proliferate. The role of monocytes in the regulation of this response requires further assessment. PMID- 6978212 TI - Human anti-tetanus antibody response in vitro: autologous and allogeneic T cells provide help by different routes. AB - Human B cells will make anti-tetanus antibody in vitro in the presence of antigen and T cells. These T cells may be autologous, but allogeneic T lymphocytes function equally well provided they are first irradiated. The allogeneic cells provide help by a different route. Co-culture of allogeneic cells produces a degree of polyclonal activation of B cells and a much higher level of IgM anti tetanus antibody than autologous cultures. Depletion of tetanus toxoid or alloantigen-reactive T cells by 3H-thymidine suicide indicates that in autologous cultures help for anti-tetanus toxoid antibody production is provided by antigen reactive T cells while in allogeneic cultures antibody production is dependent on the presence of alloreactive T cells. The implications for assessing human T and B cell function are discussed. PMID- 6978214 TI - Inhibition of human T lymphocyte colony formation by methylprednisolone. PMID- 6978213 TI - Nephrotoxic nephritis in nude mice. AB - We investigated the role of T cells in the pathogenesis of murine nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN). The disease was produced by injecting congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and their normal heterozygous (nu/+) littermates with rabbit anti rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antiserum. Within 2-4 weeks we noted marked thrombotic lesions and depositions of mouse IgG, IgM, C3 and rabbit IgG along the GBM in both groups of mice. There was no significant difference in the extent of glomerular involvement between the two groups of mice. We conclude that T cell immunodeficiency plays no role in the development of severe glomerular lesions in murine NTN. PMID- 6978215 TI - Cell mediated immunity in idiopathic glomerulonephritis. AB - Various recent reports have suggested the presence of a functional defect of lymphocyte subpopulations in minimal-change nephropathy during the active phase. A probable role of inhibitory humoral factor(s) has been hypothesized. However, other authors have been unable to detect a significant difference between plasma from patients with nephrotic syndrome due to minimal-change nephropathy and plasma from other glomerulonephritis in the degree of inhibition of mitogen induced lymphocyte transformation. In our study, T cell function, as measured by the response to PHA in autologous plasma, was depressed only in patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome and in patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The lymphocyte function returned to normal when lymphocytes were cultured in homologous plasma. The lymphocyte responsiveness of patients with other glomerulonephritis with or without nephrotic syndrome was normal in both autologous and homologous plasma. Moreover, only plasma from patients with minimal-change nephropathy in the active phase and with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis were able to induce inhibition of mitogenesis of lymphocytes from healthy donors. These data seem to confirm the presence of specific humoral inhibitory factor(s) in the plasma of these patients. Finally, preliminary findings seem to demonstrate an increase of the number of TG cells in patients with minimal-change nephropathy in remission who relapse early in the subsequent follow-up. PMID- 6978216 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations and reactivity to mitogens in patients with scleroderma. AB - T lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 40 patients with scleroderma (PSS), 26 of whom were studied simultaneously for lymphoproliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). PSS patients exhibited a reduction relative to 42 age- and sex-matched controls in the absolute number and percentage of early E rosettes, late E rosettes and E rosettes formed with aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET) treated sheep red blood cells. There was no difference between patients and controls in the proportions of B lymphocytes. PSS patients exhibited normal lymphocyte transformation responses to PHA and ConA and an augmented response to PWM. The mitogen responses did not correlate with the absolute number or percentage of lymphocytes or T and B lymphocyte subpopulations. No correlation was observed between any immunological variable studied and the extent of skin or organ involvement, disease duration or therapy. PMID- 6978217 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: autoantibodies and polyclonal B cell activation in infected mice. AB - The appearance of autoantibodies was investigated during the course of Schistosoma mansoni infection in C57Bl/6 mice. Anti-liver autoantibodies or lymphocyte-reactive alloantibodies were detected respectively without cell mediated immunity against liver antigen or lymphocytotoxic activity. Anti-liver, anti-DNA, anti-Ig and anti-lymphocyte antibodies were shown 6-7 weeks after the beginning of the infection concomitantly with the increase of immunoglobulin levels and circulating immune complexes. At this period, the antibody response to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was increased and the injection of spleen cells from day-45-infected mice to uninfected recipients increased the anti-PVP antibody response. Conversely, the injection of spleen cells from uninfected to infected mice did not modify the anti-PVP Ab response. After 6 weeks of infection, the basal thymidine incorporation of spleen cells was increased contrasting with the marked inhibition of spleen cell response to PHA. The present data are consistent with the induction of a polyclonal non-specific B cell activation by S. mansoni. PMID- 6978218 TI - B and T cell involvement in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody formation in myasthenia gravis. AB - The in vitro method of antibody production was applied to ascertain the contribution of B and T cells to the formation of anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody. The anti-AChR antibody in the culture supernatant was estimated by radioimmunoassay, and the anti-AChR antibody-forming cells from cultures were detected by autoradiography of the antigen-binding cells. Thymic B cells from myasthenia gravis (MG) patients formed antibody when they were cultured with thymic T cells from MG patients and stimulated with AChR antigen. The antibody formation was more vigorous with thymic B cells, which contained more germinal centres. The antibody was also formed from the B and T cell combination of peripheral blood lymphocytes, although the amount was less than that produced by thymic lymphocytes from MG patients. The antibody produced by lymphocytes from MG patients. The antibody produced by lymphocytes from MG patients was suppressed by the addition of T cells from the culture supernatant of normal individuals, but not by autologous or allogeneic T cells from MG patients. The suppression by T cells from normal individuals was abolished when the cells were treated with mitomycin C. These observations indicated that AChR-specific B cells and helper T cells are active, while the suppressor T cells, which are usually present in normal individuals, are defective in MG patients. PMID- 6978219 TI - Further characterization of lymphocytes from human colonic lamina propria: identification of TG cells. AB - For the first time, TG cells have been identified in human colon using EDTA collagenase-prepared, macrophage-depleted isolates of lamina proprial lymphocytes (LPL). Specimens of human colon were obtained from patients undergoing surgery for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (Dukes' B or C), other colonic inflammations or benign polyps. Of additional interest were quantitative findings which showed lower TG values in LPL from patients with IBD, regardless of disease activity or steroid therapy, and in Dukes' Group C cancers, compared to the other groups. However, these differences of TG values were not reflected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in which, compared to healthy controls, the numbers of circulating TG cells were greater in patients with Dukes' B or C cancers and in those with moderately or severely active IBD receiving steroids. These quantitative differences re-emphasize the need for concurrent observations on PBL and LPL in these diseases, particularly in experiments to determine the functional properties of their TG subsets, including mediation of natural killing, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and their immunoregulatory properties. The identification of TG cells per se in colonic LPL provides a basis for such studies. PMID- 6978220 TI - Radioimmunoassay profile of antiglobulins in connective tissue diseases: elevated level of IgA antiglobulin in systemic sicca syndrome. AB - A microplate radioimmunoassay for IgG, IgA and IgM antiglobulins reactive with rabbit IgG was performed on sera from 69 patients with various connective tissue diseases. IgM antiglobulins were detected in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sicca syndrome and some patients with systemic vasculitis. IgA antiglobulins were found in seven of 10 patients with systemic sicca syndrome and only five of 59 patients with other connective tissue diseases. There was no correlation between the levels of IgM and IgA antiglobulins in the systemic sicca syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis (r = -0.21 and 0.2 respectively). IgG antiglobulins were not detected in any serum which lacked IgM or IgA antiglobulins. IgG isolated by DEAE columns showed antiglobulin activity in six of 15 rheumatoid arthritis and two of 10 systemic sicca syndrome sera tested. Antiglobulin analysis of sera fractionated by sucrose density ultracentrifugation at neutral and acid pH enabled the size of each class of antiglobulin to be determined. In certain sera, antiglobulin activity extended into the denser region of the gradient at pH 7.2 suggesting that the antiglobulins were complexed. PMID- 6978221 TI - Diseases caused by reactions of T lymphocytes to incompatible structures of the major histocompatibility complex. IV. Autoantibodies to nuclear antigens. AB - We studied the requirements for induction of ANA formation in non-irradiated F1 hybrid mice undergoing a chronic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) after the injection of parental-strain lymphocytes. T lymphocytes in the donor cell inoculum were both needed and sufficient for the induction of ANA formation. For optimal ANA formation, the F1 recipient mice had to differ at H-2 from the parental donor strain. ANA belonged to the IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA (sub)classes of immunoglobulin. IgG ANA occurred in maximal serum titres of 1 in 5,120. ANA were not donor anti-host alloantibodies. At least some ANA were true autoantibodies, i.e. of F1 origin, because they carried the Ig allotypic markers characteristic of the F1 hybrid recipients. These findings are consistent with the concept that the pathogenic mechanism underlying autoantibody formation during the GVHR is an abnormal T-B-cell co-operation. In this process, donor T cells react against foreign histocompatibility antigens of the F1 recipient and generate non-specific help for B cells, including the autoreactive B cells. PMID- 6978222 TI - Role of T gamma cells in the in vitro IgE response after antigenic stimulation. AB - Fifteen patients with seasonal allergic pollenosis and five controls were investigated to elucidate the role of the T gamma-cell population in the in vitro IgE response by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In vitro IgE production by PBL of atopic patients after antigenic stimulation was measured in culture supernatants. The optimal dose for antigenic stimulation was found to be 0.16 micrograms/20 X 10(6) cells of purified antigen. No difference was found when comparing the percentages of T cells (E rosettes) between the two groups: mean per cent for controls was 69.2 +/- 5.76 versus 69.54 +/- 4.42 for the allergic group. With regard to the T gamma-cell population, the values obtained by rosetting with ox erythrocytes sensitized with IgG antibody were 12 +/- 0.71% in normals and 9.8 +/- 1.32% in those with allergic pollenosis. This difference, although significant, may not be enough to explain the different pattern when the in vitro IgE production of both groups investigated was compared. In order to detect the role of T gamma cells in this system, lymphocyte cultures, depleted of T gamma cells, were performed and compared with unfractionated cultures from the same donors. Our results show no differences in the in vitro IgE production when T gamma cells were depleted as compared with the unfractionated cultures. PMID- 6978224 TI - Transcutaneous muscle stimulation as a method to retard disuse atrophy. AB - Thirty healthy, young adults (18 to 25 years of age), were volunteers in a three group study to determine the efficacy of transcutaneous electrostimulation as a means of preventing atrophy of normal musculature on wearing a long-leg cast. Each group of ten subjects (five males and five females) were chosen by lot: Group I, nonisometric, Group II, isometric, Group III, TMS electrostimulated thigh and calf muscles. There was little difference in the findings in Groups I and II, and each lost an appreciable amount of muscle mass and power after just two weeks of immobilization. However, in the electrostimulated group muscle atrophy was one-half that of the other groups in the thigh area and one-fifth that of the others in the calf area. In addition, the calf musculature retained its bulk and power with actual increase in a few of the less athletic individuals. Trancutaneous muscle stimulation offers great promise for surgically treated or impaired extremities, enabling early return to activity with optimal function. PMID- 6978225 TI - Clinical failure of cefamandole in the treatment of Hemophilus influenzae bacteremia. PMID- 6978223 TI - The role of TG lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity in patients with periodontal disease. AB - Blood mononuclear cell suspensions from patients with a severe form of periodontal disease failed to respond by in vitro stimulation to a sonicate from the oral bacterium, Veillonella alcalescens. The proliferative response could be restored by the depletion of TG cells by rosetting with IgG-coated ox erythrocytes and by reconstitution of the cell suspension with 10% plastic adherent monocytes. Small but statistically significant restoration of the Veillonella response was also achieved by the addition of indomethacin or mefenamic acid to unfractionated cell cultures, indicating only a minor role of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in the expression of suppressor cells. Since the in vitro response to an unrelated antigen PPD had been found unimpaired, the described TG-cell-mediated suppression of the Veillonella response is apparently antigen-specific. PMID- 6978226 TI - Patterns of relapse following radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. AB - A study of the relationship between bulk disease and sites of relapse has been undertaken in 95 patients treated by radiotherapy for early stage Hodgkin's disease. All patients were investigated and treated according to protocols of the British National Lymphoma Investigation. In a group of 80 pathologically staged patients the pattern of relapse in 39 patients confirms an association between recurrence and sites of bulk involvement in the mediastinum, neck and axilla. Bulk disease predisposes to recurrence by virtue of local failure inside the treatment volume as well as marginal recurrence. A small number of patients relapsed initially in sites that were irradiated prophylactically. PMID- 6978227 TI - Three-dimensional display of tomographic data. PMID- 6978228 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: chromosomes, immunological markers and clinical significance. PMID- 6978229 TI - Hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase systems of the trout, frog and snake--II. Monooxygenase activities. AB - 1. Activities of hepatic monooxygenase systems (aminopyrine N-demethylase, benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and p-nitrophenetole O-deethylase) of the brown trout (Salmo trutta), leopard frog (Rana pipiens) and garter snake (Thamnophis) were observed to be considerably lower than those of the rat. The specific activities of their P-450 cytochromes relative to rates of product formation were also much lower than those of the rat, except benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation by frog microsomes, in which case, the value was about the same as that for the rat. 2. The monooxygenase systems of the trout, frog and snake were identified as cytochrome P-450 systems by the inhibitory effects of carbon monoxide, SKF 535-A, alpha-naphthoflavone and by the requirement for NADPH. 3. NADH synergism of NADPH supported monooxygenase activities of hepatic microsomes of the trout, frog and snake suggest the participation of cytochrome b5 in these reactions. For the trout, p-nitrophenetole metabolism was supported almost as well by NADH as by NADPH, which suggests that in this species, cytochrome b5 may play an important role in certain monooxygenase reactions. 4. Qualitative differences in the P-450 cytochromes of the trout, frog, snake and rat were indicated by differences in the inhibitory effects of SKF 525-A and alpha-naphthoflavone on monooxygenase activities. PMID- 6978230 TI - Hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase systems of the trout, frog and snake--III. Induction. AB - 1. 3-Methylcholanthrene administration increased levels of cytochrome P-450, benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity and p-nitrophenetole O-deethylase activity in hepatic microsomes from the brown trout (Salmo trutta), leopard frog (Rana pipiens) and the garter snake (Thamnophis). The level of aminopyrine N demethylase activity was increased in trout microsomes, but not in those from the frog, snake or rat. 2. The shift in the Soret maximum of the reduced carbon monoxide difference spectrum of cytochrome P-450 from 450 to 448 nm, which is observed when 3-methylcholanthrene is administered to rats, was not seen in microsomes from the trout, frog or snake. 3. Benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in the trout, frog and snake was inhibited by relatively low concentrations of SKF 525-A, but that induced in the rat was not. alpha-Naphthoflavone inhibited 3-methylcholanthrene-induced benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity in the trout, frog and rat, but not in the snake. 4. 3 Methylcholanthrene induced an increase in the 455/430 nm peak height ratio of the reduced ethylisocyanide spectrum of microsomes in the rat and trout, but not in the frog or snake. 5. These observations (items 1--4 of the abstract) show that different species of cytochrome P-450 are induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in the four vertebrates. 6. Phenobarbital did not alter the components or the activities of hepatic monooxygenase systems in the trout, frog or snake, even though it was shown to accumulate in the livers of these vertebrates as readily as it does in the liver of the rat. PMID- 6978231 TI - Survey of oral/dental needs of patients receiving chemotherapy for malignant disease. PMID- 6978232 TI - Tissue factors modifying the spread of periodontal inflammation: a perspective. PMID- 6978233 TI - A review of 1400 intraocular lens implant cases. PMID- 6978234 TI - Atopic dermatitis. PMID- 6978236 TI - Giant and recurrent condyloma acuminatum: appraisal of immunotherapy. AB - Eighty-four cases of condyloma acuminatum were presented, with conventional treatment, e.g., surgical excision and fulguration with or without Podophyllin application. Recurrence rate was 28 per cent to 65 per cent, depending on the number and duration of treatments. Immunotherapy was used on 17 patients with recurrent and giant condyloma acuminatum. Condylomata were successfully eradicated in 94.1 per cent of patients, which indicates that immunotherapy is a very effective alternative in the treatment of recurrent and giant condyloma acuminatum. PMID- 6978235 TI - Spontaneous ventilation test vs intermittent mandatory ventilation. An approach to weaning after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6978237 TI - Management of massive postpolypectomy hemorrhage: report of a technique. PMID- 6978239 TI - Upper extremity gangrene secondary to superior mesenteric artery infusion of vasopressin. AB - This patient demonstrates that peripheral vascular ischemia and gangrene may complicate the use of intraarterial vasopressin in the absence of catheter related phenomena such as microemboli or catheter dislodgement. Discontinuation of vasopressin effectively reverses ischemic changes. Sympathetic blocking agents or direct-acting vasodilators may accelerate the reversal of the vasopressin induced ischemia. In the patient with a history of previous extremity cold injury, vasopressin may precipitate severe ischemia or gangrene by its direct effect at the arteriolar level in an extremity with already increased sympathetic vascular tone. Peripheral circulatory status must be assessed frequently during vasopressin infusion especially in patients with a history of frostbite. PMID- 6978240 TI - Ultrastructural diagnosis of large cell 'undifferentiated' neoplasia. AB - Large cell undifferentiated neoplasia' provides a generic designation for a heterogeneous group of neoplasms which by histological study, are devoid of discriminate architecture and appear under the light microscope as patternless sheets of large cytoplasmic cells. The interpretation of such a tumour will routinely present significant problems in differential diagnosis. By conventional light microscopy the neoplasm may subjectively be judged to represent a certain form of carcinoma or large cell lymphoma, but often identification is relegated to a label of "consistent with', or "undifferentiated malignant neoplasm'. Such interpretations are not acceptable and preclude rational management decisions. This paper has analysed tumour cell ultrastructure derived from a spectrum of clinicopathological situations involving the diagnostic problem of the large cell undifferentiated neoplasm. The fine structural morphologies of these enigmatic tumours are often sufficiently specific to allow resolution of the differential diagnosis and assignment of cell type. Diagnostic electron microscopy, in coordination with histopathology and clinical information, will often play a significant role in solving complex problems involving the differential diagnosis of large cell undifferentiated neoplasms. PMID- 6978238 TI - Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from downhill esophageal varices. AB - Two cases of proximal esophageal varices due to a primary and a recurrent goiter are reported. One of the patients presented with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 44 years after subtotal resection of a thyroid gland. "Downhill" esophageal varices may serve as collaterals either to bypass superior vena caval obstruction via azygous vein or to drain the superior systemic system to the portal vein when both the superior vena cava and the azygous vein are occluded. They may also arise, as in our bleeding patient, from previous thyroid surgery without any symptoms of superior vena caval congestion. Therefore, downhill varices should be suspected as the origin of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage not only in patients with obvious superior vena caval obstruction, buy also in any case of thyroid disease or a history of thyroid surgery. If conservative measures are insufficient, emergency management may include balloon tamponade or endoscopic sclerotherapy. PMID- 6978241 TI - Colour vision as a diagnostic aid. AB - The minimum requirements for a reliable study of (acquired) defects of colour vision have been formulated by Verriest. Taking these minimum requirements as a guide, about 200 patients were selected. For the differential diagnosis of disorders of the retina and the optic nerve the determination of the neutral zone and examination with the anomaloscope are important. This is true for both red green and blue-yellow defects. PMID- 6978242 TI - Some aspects of drug use among students in Benin City, Nigeria. PMID- 6978243 TI - Post-treatment depressive symptoms and relapse to drug use in different age groups of an alcohol and other drug abuse population. AB - The prevalence of relapse to alcohol or other drug use and prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms were measured cross-sectionally in different age groups of alcohol and drug abusers at one, six, and twelve months post-discharge. Relapse rates increased over time since discharge for all age groups (17 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, and 50+ years). However, no differential effect of age was found on relapse rates at each of the three post-discharge intervals. Rates of depressive symptoms increased over time since discharge only for the youngest age group. Mean depressive symptom scores increased over time since discharge only for the 17 - 29 and 50+ age groups. There were significant differences between age groups in rates of depressive symptoms at six and twelve months post discharge and on mean depressive symptom scores at one, six and twelve months post-discharge and on mean depressive symptom scores at one, six and twelve months post-discharge. In addition, for abstinent and for relapsed subjects, there were significant differences between age groups in rates of depressive symptoms and mean depressive symptom scores. Higher rates of depressive symptoms were found in relapsed than abstinent subjects at the younger ages (17 - 29 and 30 - 39 years), with mean depressive symptom scores being higher for relapsed than abstinent subjects in all age groups. PMID- 6978244 TI - Primary drug abuse among women: a national study. AB - This study focuses on women's primary patterns of abuse for selected drugs (heroin, marijuana, barbiturates, amphetamines, sedatives, and tranquilizers) at treatment admission in relation to age at first use, marital status, education status, and race. The sample consisted of 51 390 women admitted to treatment during a recent 12 month period. The results indicated that heroin was the most abuse drug in relation to all the variables examined. Those clients who never married and those unemployed at the time of admission reported the greatest abuse of each of the primary drugs investigated. More than half of the sample had their first drug experience before age 18. This suggests the need to educate young women about drugs and to make professionals in schools and communities more aware of the nature of this problem in order that prevention and treatment programs can be developed to meet women's specific needs. PMID- 6978245 TI - Some sociocultural aspects of the problem of drug abuse in Nigeria. AB - This paper surveys the literature on drug abuse in Nigeria and attempts to delineate some sociocultural aspects of the problem of drug abuse frequently reported in Nigeria. Changing patterns in age and sex showed that drug abuse now starts at an early age and sex variation depends on the substance of abuse. Girls tend to abuse hypno-sedatives more than boys while the reverse is the case for stimulants. Regarding occupation and social class there are some changing patterns. Cultural changes have attributed to the civil war, industrialization, rapid urbanization and increased exposure to the West. It is hoped that this presentation will generate interest in the study of sociocultural factors in drug abuse aimed at suggesting guidelines for preventive programmes. PMID- 6978246 TI - [Long term results after endoscopic sphincterotomy]. AB - A multicenter study of 25 centers covering 9041 endoscopic sphincterotomies showed that choledochal concrements still represent the main indication (83,9%). Circumscript papillary stenosis (10.64%) and papillary tumour(2.06%) are the next most frequent indications. Complications after endoscopic sphincterotomy may be expected in 7.55% of cases, somewhat more frequent after papillary stenoses than after choledochal concrements. The most frequent complication is haemorrhage, followed by pancreatitis, cholangitis in cases of choledochal concrements, and perforation. Mortality is around 1.12%. Late results after endoscopic sphincterotomy a satisfactory and concrement-free bile ducts are seen in 91.62%. Freedom of complaints or improvements of symptoms occur in 93.4%. Recurrent stones occur in 5.77%, restenoses were seen in 3.14%. Late results after endoscopic sphincterotomy ar worse in papillary stenosis than in choledocholithiasis. Mortality figures are twice as high and danger of perforation seems to be more frequent. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is done increasingly as an emergency measure. PMID- 6978247 TI - [Influence of renal function and renal failure on the course of acute abdominal diseases]. PMID- 6978248 TI - Temporal and quantitative correlations between nuclear androgen binding and stimulation of rna polymerase II activity in Sertoli cells. AB - The nuclear accumulation of 3H-androgen had been correlated with the effects of this steroid on nuclear RNA polymerase activity in the Sertoli cell under identical experimental conditions. The synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (R1881) was chosen to avoid ambiguities caused by metabolism of the radioligand. Nuclear accumulation of specifically bound 3H-R1881 was apparent after 5 min and preceded RNA polymerase II activation. RNA polymerase II activity was significantly increased by 10 min after administration of R1881, and the response was maximal at 15 min. Although nuclear binding of 3H-R1881 continued to increase over this interval, the enzyme activity declined to basal levels by 20 min. Saturation of nuclear binding sites required concentrations of R1881 that were approximately one order of magnitude higher than those required for maximal polymerase II activation at 15 min. The results indicate that occupancy of only a small fraction of the specific nuclear binding sites by androgen is required to elicit maximal elevation of RNA polymerase II activity in cultured Sertoli cells. PMID- 6978249 TI - Plasma testosterone during bicycle ergometer exercise without and after L-dopa pretreatment. AB - The level of testosterone in plasma during submaximal, prolonged submaximal and maximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer was measured in healthy untrained men. To evaluate the possible involvement of prolactin in the regulation of testosterone secretion during exercise, the influence of prolactin inhibition by oral L-dopa (1 g) pretreatment was also studied. The exercise evoked a small but significant rise of testosterone concentration with peak levels immediately at the end of work performance or 10 min after that. No substantial difference between the response to submaximal and maximal exercise was noted. In these experiments the findings by others on a lack of plasma LH changes and significant increase of plasma prolactin were confirmed. Pharmacological blockade of prolactin release by L-dopa pretreatment failed to modify the response of testosterone to bicycle ergometer exercise. It may be suggested that prolactin is not involved in the induction of plasma testosterone increase during physical exercise. PMID- 6978250 TI - Exchange transfusion in newborns: rapid fall of plasma thyroid hormones and attenuated TSH response up to 48 hours. PMID- 6978251 TI - Altered alpha-mannosidase isoenzymes in the liver in hepatic cirrhosis. AB - Homogenates of liver from cases of hepatic cirrhosis due to alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) alcoholism were analyzed for their content of various lysosomal enzymes. Also determined were the specific activities of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, and creatine phosphokinase in the extracts of liver from cases of both kinds of hepatic cirrhosis: all of these activities were within the range of control values. Similarly, the specific activities of the following lysosomal hydrolases were unremarkable: acid phosphatase, beta-mannosidase, beta-fucosidase, beta glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase. Hexosaminidase specific activity was increased twofold in livers from the cases of cirrhosis due to alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. The specific activity of alpha-mannosidase (measured at pH 4.5) in homogenates of livers from PiZZ individuals with cirrhosis and those with alcoholic cirrhosis was increased two- to four-fold. Chromatography of the high-speed supernatant fraction from homogenates of livers of cirrhotic and noncirrhotic individuals on columns of DEAE-cellulose resolved alpha-mannosidase activity into two components: under the conditions employed, acid pH optimum (pH 4.5) alpha-mannosidase did not bind to the resin, whereas intermediate pH optimum (pH 5.5) alpha-mannosidase could be eluted with 0.1 mol/l NaCl. Liver from one case of (PiZZ) alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and emphysema, without demonstrable cirrhosis, was found to contain normal levels of both acid alpha-mannosidase and intermediate alpha-mannosidase. However, cases of cirrhosis due to alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency contained twice as much acid alpha-mannosidase and only one third to one fourth as much intermediate alpha-mannosidase as controls. The deficiency in hepatic intermediate alpha-mannosidase was also observed in 5 of 5 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 6978252 TI - Recanalization of Sylvian aqueduct. AB - Disorders of the free passage of the C.S.F. through the Sylvian aqueduct are among the common causes of intracranial hypertension. After the partial or complete obstruction of the aqueduct, the intracranial hypertension may be produced by three different mechanisms - a) by hypertensive hydrocephalus of the third and lateral ventricles, b) by the combination of hydrocephalus and the space-occupying lesion or c) by the acute obstruction of the aqueduct with acute dilatation of the third and lateral ventricles. The supratentorial hypertension may be, in some cases, transferred to the posterior fossa via the incisura tentorii. For many years, neurosurgeons have been trying to restore the free passage of C.S.F by different surgical techniques which could make possible free outflow of supratentorial hypertension. The number of procedures suggested has proved the importance of the obstruction of the Sylvian aqueduct and difficulties in its treatment (5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). Since 1972, the selective ventriculography of the third and fourth ventricles with Conray 60 (1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 20, 21) was performed by the author in 1005 patients and pathological findings were proved in 602. Our of 602 patients with pathological findings, the aqueductal stenosis was proved in 39 and complete obstruction of aqueduct in 168 patients, i.e. in 28 per cent of all pathological findings. The new techniques of interventriculostomy (third to fourth ventricle shunt) using Seldinger's technique is described, presented and documented by x-ray pictures. This technique has been used on 5 patients successfully treated upto now. PMID- 6978253 TI - Effect of correction function on image characteristics of Positologica: a positron CT device for the head. AB - The effects of correction function on image characteristics were studied experimentally for a positron CT device Positologica. Correction functions were obtained by smoothing the Shepp and Logan function by convolution of Gaussian functions. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution were measured for phantoms and related to the magnitude of smoothing. The relation between SNR and spatial resolution is also discussed. Some suggestions are made to indicate how to select correction functions for clinical images. A flow of data processing for Positologica is described together with an outline of its hardware. PMID- 6978254 TI - Modification of central serotonergic and dopaminergic behaviors in the course of chronic corticosteroid administration. AB - The effect of chronic cortisol administration (12.5 mg/kg per day p.o.) was studied in guinea pigs using two behavioral models; apomorphine-induced stereotypy (SB) and 1-5-HTP-induced myoclonus (MJB). Diurnal variations in behavioral sensitivity were evaluated by behavioral testing at five time points over a 24 h period at bi-weekly intervals. Cortisol succinate administration suppresses 1-5-HTP myoclonus in all animals and abolishes diurnal fluctuations in sensitivity during the first two weeks of therapy. At four weeks, a subgroup is observed which is behaviorally hypersensitive to 1-5-HTP. These changes occur in association with a reduction in the behavioral response to apomorphine but in the absence of major disruption in diurnal behavioral threshold variation to apomorphine. Chronic cortisol administration appears to induce major alterations in central serotonin-mediated behaviors. This observation may explain the therapeutic effect of corticosteroids in certain forms of myoclonus and the role of cortisol rhythm disturbances in the context of a variety of psychiatric disorders. PMID- 6978255 TI - Retinoic acid enhances colony-stimulating factor-induced clonal growth of normal human myeloid progenitor cells in vitro. PMID- 6978256 TI - Mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor on sheep thyroid cells in culture. PMID- 6978257 TI - Retinoic acid induces anchorage- and density- dependent growth without restoring normal cytoskeleton, EGF binding, fibronectin content and ODC activity in a retrovirus- transformed mouse cell line. PMID- 6978258 TI - Glucose-induced membrane permeability changes in the lens. PMID- 6978259 TI - Levels of colony-stimulating and inhibiting activities in chicks with myeloblastic leukemia are related to disease progression. AB - Chicks with myeloblastic leukemia induced by avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) exhibited increased levels of plasma granulocyte/monocyte (GM) colony-stimulating activity (CSA). Chromatography of plasma from AMV-infected chicks revealed that this CSA eluted in the first protein peak from a column of Sephadex G-200. A second protein peak from the same column contained an inhibitor of GM colony formation. The presence of the inhibitor and the increased CSA was studied during the development of myeloblastic leukemia. The disease course was separated into two distinct phases: 1) an early phase characterized by the onset of viremia, the induction of leukemic colony-forming cells (CFC) in the marrow, and moderately increased marrow cellularity, 2) a late phase characterized by marked increases in the early parameters, dramatic increases in the number of myeloblasts and decreases in the number of erythrocytic cells. Induction of the GM-CFC-inhibitor occurred during the initial stages of the first phase. Increased GM-CSA occurred later in this phase. We conclude that induction of the inhibitor and increased CSA were associated with disease progression rather than ancillary characteristics of frank disease. PMID- 6978260 TI - In vitro culture of circulating CFUEOS from normal donors. AB - Using an accurate technique for staining and scoring soft agar cultures, this study defines the incidence of circulating CFUEOS in normal donors. With whole mononuclear cells as the source of colony stimulating factor (CSF) and fetal calf serum, 49.6% +/- 3.5 of the colonies were eosinophilic; with human placental conditioned media and fetal calf serum 33.2% +/- 12.9 of the colonies were eosinophilic, with AB serum and whole mononuclear cells in the feeder layer 58.6% +/- 9.1 of the colonies were eosinophilic. The percentage of mixed neutrophil/eosinophil colonies was similar under varying culture conditions suggesting the presence of circulating progenitor cells capable of producing both lines. PMID- 6978261 TI - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor produced by an inducible murine T-cell hybridoma: molecular properties and cellular specificity. AB - The properties of granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony stimulating factor (CSF) produced by a mouse T-cell hybridoma (T19.1) as a result of stimulation by concanavalin A have been investigated. Stimulation of T19.1 cells (2 x 10(6)/ml) with concanavalin A (5 microgram/ml) in the absence of serum for 24 h led to the production of colony stimulating activity (100 ng/ml). The molecular and biological properties of the hybridoma GM-CSF were compared with similar molecules produced in vitro by mouse lung or muscle cells. When bone marrow cells were stimulated by T19.1 conditioned medium (CM) only colonies containing granulocytes (G), macrophages (M), or a mixture of both cell types developed. The distribution of colony types (G, G/M or M) was dependent on the concentration of T19.1 CM in the same way as the GM-CSF from mouse lung conditioned medium. Similarly GM-CSF from T19.1 CM was also able to stimulate the initial proliferation of other hemopoietic progenitor cells and induce differentiation in the myelo-monocytic leukemic cell line (WEHI3B). The apparent molecular weight of GM-CSF in T19.1 CM as determined by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA44 was 24,000. Using high performance liquid chromatography, GM-CSF from T19.1 CM eluted at the same apparent molecular weight (32,000) on molecular sieve columns and acetonitrile concentration on reverse phase columns as the GM-CSF from mouse lung and muscle CM. The level of production of GM-CSF and the similarity to the molecule from mouse lung CM indicated that this continuous cell line should be useful for preparing GM-CSF in suitable quantities for structural analysis and in vivo testing. PMID- 6978262 TI - Marrow colony stimulating activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Colony stimulating activity (CSA) from bone marrow adherent cells was tested in various myeloproliferative disorders in comparison with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). A higher level of medullary CSA was found in acute leukemias with monoblastic component, as contrasted with low values in other acute non lymphocytic leukemias (ANLL). In CML, while the majority of patients had CSA values within normal interval, few patients had consistently higher level of this activity. Comparative analysis of growth pattern in agar or in liquid culture suggests that significant increase in medullary CSA production can be related to an abnormal regulation of granulopoiesis. PMID- 6978263 TI - The selective growth of human T lymphocyte colonies from whole blood in a semisolid culture system. AB - Human T lymphocyte colonies may be selectively grown from whole blood in a single phase semisolid culture system following stimulation with PHA-P, Con-A, or PPD. This technique eliminates the requirement for gradient-enriched lymphocyte fractions, and provides a sensitive system for the study of T lymphocyte progenitors that more closely approximates the in vivo milieu. Whole blood colonies were composed of lymphoblasts and mature lymphocytes. Individual colony cells, identified as T lymphocytes, lacked lipase and specific esterase activity, formed E rosettes, did not phagocytize latex beads, and were largely ANAE positive. Whole blood was plated at a final concentration of 3%. Optimal mitogen/antigen concentrations were 125 microgram Con-A, 80 microgram PHA-P and 50 microgram PPD/ml culture media. Peak colony growth occurred between days 7 and 8. Colony formation increased as a power function over a wide range of cell concentrations (5 x 10(3)-5 x 10(4) lymphocytes plated). Maximal whole blood colony formation occurred when 5 x 10(4)-10(5) lymphocytes were plated. There was a significant increase in the cloning efficiency using whole blood as compared to gradient-separated cells. This method has wide application for the study of radiation effects, lymphocyte alterations in various disease states, antigen recognition, and the induction and amplification of T cell function. PMID- 6978265 TI - Mobility of different lectin receptors on the plasma membrane of peritoneal macrophages and thymocytes. PMID- 6978264 TI - The connections of the frog interpeduncular nucleus (ITP) demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). PMID- 6978266 TI - Immune function in congenital osteopetrosis: defective lymphocyte function in microphthalmic mice. AB - Osteopetrosis is a prominent feature of a congenital mutation described in microphthalmic mice and is thought to be due to defective osteoclast function which causes a generalized lack of bone resorption. Reversal of defective bone resorption in osteopetrotic mutants has been achieved by hematopoietic cell transplantations; and conversely, defective bone resorption has been transferred to normals by hematopoietic cells from osteopetrotic littermates. This suggested that osteopetrotic mutants might also demonstrate defective immune functions which could in turn be related to the lack of normal bone resorption. To that end, aspects of in vitro lymphocyte function in microphthalmic mice were compared to those of their phenotypically normal littermates. There was a significant diminution in the proliferative response of splenocytes to mitogens in microphthalmic mice. Microphthalmic splenocytes also were less responsive in an in vitro assay which measured the capacity to form antibody forming cells. PMID- 6978267 TI - Helper function in Ambystoma: a comment. PMID- 6978268 TI - Autoradiographic study on the distribution of thymus-derived and thymus independent lymphocytes in the spleen of Xenopus laevis. AB - Non-thymectomized and early-thymectomized Xenopus laevis were injected with 3H thymidine, and labelled lymphocytes from thymus, spleen, and peripheral blood were transferred to histocompatible recipients to study their distribution by autoradiography. An extremely high proportion of labelled thymocytes was localized in the splenic red pulp of both non-thymectomized and thymectomized recipients after transfer. Labelled splenic lymphocytes were localized in a significantly higher density in the splenic white- than red pulp, particularly 24 hr after cell transfer. This preference of labelled lymphocytes in the white pulp was more evident when early-thymectomized toads were used as lymphocyte donors. These results strongly suggest that in Xenopus, thymus-independent lymphocytes preferentially localize in the splenic white pulp, and thymus-derived lymphocytes possibly in the red pulp. PMID- 6978269 TI - Isolation and some properties of equine alpha 1-antitrypsin. AB - 1. Equine alpha 1-antitrypsin was isolated from horse plasma by a combination of ammonium sulfate and acidification precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, molecular sieve chromatography on Sephadex G 200 and affinity chromatography on Cibacron Blue-agarose. 2. The purified protein showed a single precipitin arc on immunoelectrophoresis in agarose but gave two bands on discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 3. Both bands appeared to interact equally with trypsin and were thought to represent two isoinhibitors of equine alpha 1-AT. PMID- 6978270 TI - Indoprofen versus indomethacin in acute painful shoulder and other soft-tissue rheumatic complaints. AB - In a double-blind, parallel-group study indoprofen 800 mg daily was compared with indomethacin 100 mg daily in forty patients suffering from acute painful shoulder and other soft-tissue rheumatic complaints. Both drugs were administered orally for 14 days. Clinical assessments, carried out at baseline and on days 4, 8 and 15, included pain (at rest, upon pressure, on motion under load), quality of sleep, range of active motion and patient's opinion. A significant improvement in all variables was found for both indoprofen and indomethacin at each time of observation, almost reaching its maximum within the first week. Excellent or good results, as judged by the patients, were obtained in 90% of case in both treatment groups. No significant differences were observed between the two drugs. One patient taking indomethacin developed headache and dizziness, requiring discontinuation of treatment; three patients on indoprofen complained of mild or moderate gastric pain. PMID- 6978271 TI - Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of human follicular fluid on amphibian oocyte maturation and ovulation in vitro. AB - Follicular fluid was collected from individual human ovarian follicles and its effects, alone or in combination with frog pituitary homogenate (FPH), on oocyte maturation and ovulation were assessed following incubation with amphibian ovarian follicles in vitro. Oocyte maturation, with little or no concomitant ovulation, was induced by variable amounts of follicular fluid. Some of the individual follicular fluid samples were very active in inducing oocyte maturation, whereas others were inactive. Frog pituitary homogenates exhibited biologic activity (induced oocyte maturation and ovulation) when incubated in the presence of most follicular fluid samples. However, follicular fluid samples from two individuals inhibited ovulation but not maturation in FPH-treated follicles. These results demonstrate that amphibian follicles remain viable and undergo a number of physiologic changes in the presence of unfractionated human follicular fluid. Under appropriate conditions both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of follicular fluid were observed. These data suggest that amphibian ovarian follicles may provide a simple and independent means for detecting and assaying a number of biologic activities present in follicular fluid obtained from single human and other mammalian ovarian follicles. Such results may provide the basis for dissociating endocrine and cellular interactions which occur during normal and abnormal follicular differentiation. PMID- 6978272 TI - [The determination of the intestinal clearance of alpha-1-antitrypsin in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978273 TI - [Protein losing enteropathy and alcoholic cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978274 TI - Serum inhibitors of leukocyte chemotaxis in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine the incidence and nature of serum chemotaxis inhibitors in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Sera from patients with active Crohn's disease were shown to contain chemotactic factor directed inhibitory activity. The molecular size of the inhibitor estimated by gel filtration is similar to the 7S gamma-globulins and it is precipitable by 40% ammonium sulfate. Less marked inhibitory activity is present in the same fractions of sera from patients with ulcerative colitis and from healthy controls, suggesting that it represents increased activity of one or more normal serum globulins. Leukocyte-directed serum inhibitors have also been demonstrated in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, particularly in patients with active disease. In Crohn's disease the presence of serum chemotactic factor inhibitors may explain the diminished chemotaxis of neutrophils into skin window chambers reported previously. The inhibitors are nonspecific and are probably secondary to the disease state but may have some bearing on the nature of the mucosal inflammation. PMID- 6978275 TI - Restitution of the surface epithelium of the in vitro frog gastric mucosa after damage with hyperosmolar sodium chloride. Morphologic and physiologic characteristics. AB - Frog fundic mucosas mounted in Ussing chambers between HCO-3-buffered nutrient and unbuffered secretory solutions were exposed to 1 M NaCl on the mucosal surface for 10 min. After washing and return to control solutions, transmucosal potential difference, short-circuit current, and tissue electrical resistance decreased markedly, but within 6 h these measurements had gradually returned to almost control values. A net luminal alkalinization occurred during the first 4 hours, changing into a net acid secretion of approximately 1.1 mumol . cm-2 . h-1 at 6 h. Histamine increased H+ secretion in all tissues at 8 h. In seven metiamide-treated tissues, an average alkaline flux of approximately 0.75 mumol . cm-2 . h-1 was obtained during the first 4 h after damage, decreasing to approximately 0. 40 mumol . cm-2 . h-1 during the ensuing 4 h. With HCO-3-free nutrient solution (n = 7) luminal alkalinization was decreased by about 80% 2-4 h after injury. After 1 M NaCl, the surface epithelium and gastric pit cells were destroyed and partially lifted from the gastric glands. The lamina propria between the remaining intact glands was open to the lumen or contiguous with the damaged mass of cells and mucus. During the 6 h after damage, there was a gradual process of restitution of epithelial integrity, beginning with squamous-shaped cells that appeared to be migrating from the glands and ultimately concluding with complete epithelialization by cuboidal and columnar cells. Typical junctional complexes were present between adjacent epithelial cells. The uniformity of the restoration process was such that it was possible to predict blindly in toluidine blue-stained semithin sections whether the recovery stage was short (30 min or less), intermediate (1-2 h), or advanced (4-6 h). These observations indicate that there is a very intimate correlation between the restoration of epithelial continuity and the reestablishment of secretory and electrical activity of frog gastric mucosa damaged by hypertonic NaCl in Ussing chambers. PMID- 6978276 TI - Chronic pancreatitis as a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Chronic pancreatitis is an infrequently considered cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Four cases are described who presented to a surgical unit in a year. One patient bled down the main pancreatic duct from a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm, one had a fatal haemorrhage from a superior mesenteric artery aneurysm which ruptured into the duodenum, and two were considered to have bled from vessels in the stomach or colon which were involved in the peripancreatic inflammatory tissues. The difficulties in diagnosing these patients are described and the report emphasises that the diagnosis should be considered in obscure cases of gastrointestinal bleeding especially where there is a history of alcohol abuse and left upper quadrant or epigastric pain. PMID- 6978277 TI - The typing of alpha 1-antitrypsin in human bloodstains by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 6978278 TI - [HLA in Reiter's syndrome. Incidence of HLA B27 and a family study]. PMID- 6978279 TI - [Immunological diagnosis of connective tissue diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Collagenoses are diseases which belong to rheumatological disorders however are not easily defined. Especially at the beginning they may show various symptoms typical for one or the other well defined entity as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis or lupus erythematodes. Etiology and pathogenesis are nearly unknown. The attempt is made by the author with differentiated descriptions of the multiple laboratory parameters to facilitate the diagnostic classification. PMID- 6978280 TI - [The Sharp syndrome (mixed connective tissue diseases) (author's transl)]. AB - Sharp and coworkers (69) recently described a group of patients with over-lapping syndromes of lupus erythematosus, polymyositis and progressive systemic sclerosis. Since all these patients showed high titers of an antibody against RNP (ribonucleoproutein), a saline extractable constituent of nuclei, the disease was supposed to be a unique entity within the spectrum of collagen diseases (mixed connective tissue disease, overlapping syndrome). The nosological entity, however, remains to be further established since RNP-antibodies not infrequently occur in other collagenoses (LE, RA) and transition of MCTD in LE have been reported. The clinical syndromes and the serological features of MCTD are described. PMID- 6978281 TI - Relationship of Fc-IgG and Fc-IgM receptors to the antigens defined by OKT antibodies and the acid alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase spot within human T cells. PMID- 6978282 TI - Studies on in-vivo priming of the trinitrophenyl-reactive cytotoxic effector system. III. Are helper T cells involved in the in-vitro generation of cross reactive as well as restricted cytotoxic responses? AB - The present study investigates the role of helper cells from trinitrophenyl(TNP) primed mice in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which lyse TNP modified syngeneic (TNP-self) targets and cross-reactively lyse TNP-allogeneic target cells. Anti-TNP CTL activities generated from primed (either by intraperitoneal injection of TNP-syngeneic cells or by skin painting with trinitrochlorobenzene) and unprimed spleen cells were compared. When effector populations with comparable lytic activities on TNP-self targets were tested against allogeneic TNP-modified targets, only the in vivo primed effector cells displayed significant cytotoxicity. Since radioresistant helper cells have been found to enhance the anti-TNP-self CTL response, the question was raised whether this helper population could be shown to be involved in the enhanced TNP allogeneic cross-reactive lysis. Normal spleen cells co-cultured with radioresistant helper cells failed to induce any detectable lysis on TNP allogeneic targets under conditions for which these helper cells did enhance the lysis detected on TNP-self targets. These results suggest that triggering of such TNP-cross-reactive effector cells during the in vivo priming stage is responsible for the in vitro generation of cross-reactivity. PMID- 6978283 TI - Antigenic heterogeneity of rat macrophages. A monoclonal antibody reacting only with alveolar but not with other types of macrophages. AB - Hybridoma antibodies were produced by fusing spleen cells from mice immunized with rat alveolar macrophages (AM) with P3 x 63Ag8/653 myeloma cells. Some of the hybridomas were processed to achieve monoclonality. Reactivity was tested in an indirect membrane immunofluorescence assay. One of the monoclonal antibodies, called VEP6 antibody, reacted with rat AM but not with peritoneal or splenic macrophages and not with peripheral blood monocytes of this species. It was also unreactive with cells from thymus, bone marrow, non-adherent spleen cells, granulocytes and erythrocytes, but it reacted with thrombocytes. Corynebacterium parvum activated AM were slightly less reactive then 'resident' AM, as determined in a fluorescence activated cell sorter. The VEP6 antigen was studied in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after immunoprecipitation from 125I-surface labelled-macrophage NP40-lysates. Four specific radioactive bands were seen in the precipitates corresponding to molecular weights of 31, 33, 35 and 37,000. A slurred band was seen in this molecular weight range when immunoprecipitates of surface labelled thrombocytes were analysed. This study confirms the heterogeneity of macrophages by showing that certain antigens may be expressed only on a subpopulation of macrophages. PMID- 6978285 TI - Differential requirement for B-memory and T-memory cells in adoptive antibody formation in mouse bone marrow. AB - During the secondary response of mice to T-dependent antigens, antibody-producing plaque-forming cells (PFC) appear not only in peripheral lymphoid organs, but also in the bone marrow. This bone marrow antibody formation is feeble after primary immunization. The capacity of bone marrow antibody formation is dependent on the presence of antigen-specific memory cells at the moment of secondary immunization. We investigated whether hapten-primed B memory, carrier-primed T memory or both B-memory and T-memory cells are required for the adoptive PFC response in the bone marrow to T-dependent hapten-carrier conjugates. Adoptive antibody formation in the bone marrow was found after transfer of hapten-primed spleen cells, but not after transfer of carrier-primed spleen cells or virgin spleen cells. Thus, B-memory cells are obligatory for adoptive antibody formation in the bone marrow, in contrast to T-memory cells. However, T-memory cells did facilitate the bone marrow PFC response mediated by the infused B-memory cells. PMID- 6978284 TI - Inhibition of E-rosette formation and phagocytosis by human blood leucocytes after treatment with the dengue virus-induced cytotoxic factor. AB - We have observed earlier that T lymphocytes of dengue type 2 virus (DV)-infected mouse spleen produce a cytotoxic factor (CF) which kills T lymphocytes and macrophages of the spleen of normal mice or animals of other species. In the present study an effort was made to study the effect of CF treatment on human peripheral blood leucocytes. After treatment with various dilutions of CF at 4 degrees for 1 hr 25%-36% of T lymphocytes lost their capacity to form E rosettes and 25%-36% of monocytes lost their phagocytic function. Cytotoxic-factor treatment had no effect on formation of EAC rosettes by B lymphocytes and the phagocytic functions of polymorphonuclear cells. Pretreatment of cells with 2,4 dinitrophenol, reduced glutathione or ouabain, which act on the cell membrane, inhibited the effect of CF on E-rosette formation and phagocytosis. This indicated that CF acts by inducing changes in the cell membrane. It is likely that production of a similar factor in DV-infected humans is responsible for similar alterations observed in their blood. PMID- 6978286 TI - Further studies on the mitogenic and immune-modulating effects of plasminogen activator. AB - Plasminogen activator (PA), an enzyme which is secreted in large quantities by certain types of tumour cells, is an apparent lymphocyte mitogen. Treatment of mouse spleen cells with anti-Thy-1.2 serum plus complement prevents responsiveness, indicating that T cells are being stimulated to divide. In addition to the foregoing, we have shown that PA has the capacity to interfere with certain types of cell-mediated cytotoxicity and natural killer cell reactions in which tumour cells are employed as targets. These results suggest that PA may play an immune-modulating role which may be of importance in tumour self-defense. PMID- 6978287 TI - Effects of per anum immunization with sheep red blood cells on the structure of the post-capillary venules in the T-cell area of chicken cloacal bursa. AB - The experiment was designed to assess morphometrically the effects of per anum immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC; the response requiring participation of helper T cells), as measured by serum anti-SRBC agglutination titres, on the structure of the post-capillary venules (PCV) found in the diffusely infiltrated area (DIA) of the chicken cloacal bursa. Dpcv, the diameter of the PCV, increased from the control values of 18.725 and 17.159 microns to 24.564 and 25.062 microns following SRBC administration for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. Migration index (MI) also significantly increased from 1.003 and 1.207 in controls to 1.686 and 1.718 in immunized animals, as did the endothelial cell height, Hend, from 5.767 and 5.660 microns to 8.833 and 9.540 microns during 1 and 2 weeks of SRBC immunization, respectively. These values were in direct relation to the anti-SRBC titres in serum. The findings are discussed in the light of local T-cell response, and conclusion was drawn that DIA must represent a T-cell region in the bursa, thus advocating further assessment of this organ with regard to its functions as a peripheral lymphatic organ as well. PMID- 6978288 TI - Rat major histocompatibility RT1.C antigens of restricted tissue distribution consist of two polypeptide chains with molecular weights of about 42 000 and 12 500. AB - The RT1.C region has recently been defined genetically as a third region of the rat major histocompatibility system, RT1, and has been shown to code for cell surface antigens with restricted tissue distribution (present on lymphocytes and absent from red blood cells and liver) and for target antigens of unrestricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunoprecipitation with C-antigen-specific alloantisera and SDS-PAGE analysis, reveal that C-region products are glycoproteins composed of molecules of 40 500-43 000 and 12 500 molecular weight, respectively. Thus, the RT1.B region, which codes for class II molecules, is flanked by RT1 regions which determine class I molecules (as defined biochemically), which are either expressed ubiquitously (RT1.A antigens) or in a restricted manner (RT1.C products). The homology to H-2Qa antigens is discussed. PMID- 6978289 TI - Atrophy of the thymic cortex in mice with granulomatous schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Thymic histopathology and granulomatous hypersensitivity were examined in CBA/J mice infected with varying numbers of Schistosoma mansoni worms. At the acute phase (8 weeks) of infection, the thymi of infected mice showed depletion of cortical lymphocytes that resulted in loss of distinction in the corticomedullary region. The degree of cortical depletion correlated directly with the intensity of infection, as assessed by total egg burden of the liver. Adrenalectomy of heavily infected mice 5 to 6 weeks after infection did not alter the course of cortical lymphocyte depletion. Thymus mass was diminished by as much as 80% in heavily infected mice. However, the thymi of lightly infected mice which survived 20 weeks of infection did not differ in histology or total tissue mass from age matched uninfected controls. Adult thymectomy at 3 weeks of infection did not abrogate the spontaneous modulation (diminution) of granuloma formation in 20 week infected mice, although spleen cells from these mice failed to adoptively transfer suppression. Heavily infected mice which did not survive beyond the acute phase (8 to 9 weeks) of infection displayed a diminished granulomatous response that was partially restored by thymectomy carried out at 5 to 6 weeks of infection. Spleen cells from heavily infected mice (8 weeks) adoptively suppressed the granulomatous response in lightly infected recipients. It is concluded that histological changes observed in the thymus concurrent with egg dissemination and granulomatous hypersensitivity correlated with T cell-mediated regulatory events. PMID- 6978290 TI - Participation of complement in host defense against encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae types a, c, and d. AB - Each of the serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae (types a to f) may colonize the respiratory tract of humans, but only type b strains commonly cause invasive systemic infections. To investigate the role of complement in immunity to encapsulated non-type b strains, rats were depleted of C3 with cobra venom factor and challenged with representative serotypes of H. influenzae (type a, b, c, or d) by different routes. After intravenous challenge, rats depleted of C3 had a greater incidence and magnitude of bacteremia with each of the serotypes when compared with normal controls. Intraperitoneal inoculation of type b organisms resulted in meningitis in normal and C3-depleted rats, but only C3-depleted, and not normal, rats developed meningitis after inoculation of serotype a, c, or d. In contrast to systemic inoculation, intranasal challenge with the different serotypes resulted in bloodstream invasion and meningitis only after challenge with type b organisms. These data suggest that complement plays a significant role in immunity to encapsulated, non-type b H. influenzae through its effect on bloodstream clearance. PMID- 6978291 TI - The effect of a low protein diet on the immunogenic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages. AB - The activity of resident and exudate peritoneal macrophages from mice maintained on a low protein diet (4% casein initiated at weaning) was assessed in a variety of assay systems which examined aspects of macrophage 'immunogenic' function in vivo and in vitro. Antigen-pulsed macrophages from malnourished mice triggered secondary IgE and IgG responses following intraperitoneal inoculation into pre immunized syngeneic recipients. Similarly, intraperitoneal transfer of low numbers of these cells successfully primed immunologically naive syngeneic mice; in both cases, the activity of macrophages from malnourished mice could not be distinguished from these derived from normal animals. Examination of uptake and breakdown of radio-labelled antigen revealed normal rates of phagocytosis, and a brief lag in the early phase of degradation, relative to control macrophages. Antigen-pulsed macrophages from malnourished mice were severely impaired in their capacity to trigger the proliferation of antigen-primed T cells in vitro. PMID- 6978292 TI - Modulation of protein phosphorylation in human colon adenocarcinoma cell membrane preparations by epidermal growth factor in vitro. AB - Incubation of membranes prepared from the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LoVo in vitro with [gamma-32P]ATP demonstrated numerous components whose phosphorylation was stimulated several fold by epidermal growth factor (EGF). One major component of Mn 170 K, which was either undetectable or very weakly phosphorylated in the absence of EGF, was primarily affected by exposure to EGF. The phosphorylation of the 170 K Mr membrane component required the presence of Mn2+; Mg2+ was ineffective. Although the phosphorylation of many LoVo membrane components was significantly modified by cAMP or dibutyryl-cAMP, none of these cyclic nucleotides appeared to be involved in the phosphorylation of the 170 K membrane component in the presence or absence of EGF. The phosphorylation system of the LoVo membranes efficiently utilized [gamma-32P]GTP in both the basal and EGF-stimulated reactions. All the membrane components phosphorylated in the absence or presence of EGF, except a band comigrating with the tracking dye front, were digested by trypsin. The possible glycoprotein nature of the 170 K dalton phosphoprotein was indicated by the fact that the 170 K dalton band comigrated with a periodic acid-Schiff base-stained band. These findings suggest that one of the biochemical steps in the mechanism of action of EGF in LoVo cells is enhanced phosphorylation of several membrane proteins, especially that of a glycoprotein of Mr 170 K, by a membrane-bound cyclic nucleotide independent protein kinase. PMID- 6978295 TI - Oxidation of methionine by X2.- in aqueous solution and characterization of some S therefore X three-electron bonded intermediates. A pulse radiolysis study. AB - The primary steps of the oxidation of methionine, Met, by X2.- (X = Cl; Br, I, SCN) have been investigated using pulse radiolysis techniques. In principle, the mechanism follows the same pattern which has been established for the OH radical induced oxidation. It is characterized by a primary attack at the sulphur atom and the formation of sulphur-centred radical cations S+. and S therefore (+) S as key intermediates. At pH greater than pKa of the carboxyl group these can then oxidize the amino function intramolecularly, which subsequently leads to irreversible decarboxylation. An additional important intermediate is a S therefore X radical with a three-electron bond between sulphur and halide. This radical is linked to the OH . radical induced mechanism through the equilibrium S therefore X + Met in equilibrium with S therefore (+) S + X-, and in addition exists in the equilibria X2.- + Met in equilibrium with S therefore X + X-, S therefore X in equilibrium with S+. + X- and S therefore X in equilibrium with Met + X.. The S therefore X- species absorb at 410, 400, and 390 nm for X = I, Br, and Cl, respectively. Absolute rate constants have been measured for the reactions S therefore (+) S + I- (k = 1.0 x 10(10) mol-1 ls-1, pH 1.4), Br2.- + Met (k = 2.5 x 10(9), 1.7 x 10(9), and 2.0 x 10(9) mol-1 ls-1 at pH 1, 5, and 11, respectively) and Cl2.- + Met (k = 3.9 x 10(9) mol-1 ls-1, pH 1). Methionine is also oxidized by (SCN)2.- whereas any significant oxidation by I2.- is not indicated. N-acetylmethionine, a model compound for a sulphur-containing peptide, and some other methionine derivatives are oxidized by X2.- in the same way, that is, through electrophilic addition at the sulphur function. The results require reinterpretation of some data published in the literature and are discussed in view of a 'selective free radical attack'. PMID- 6978294 TI - Ventricular arrhythmia before and after aorto-coronary bypass surgery. AB - The influence of aorto-coronary bypass surgery (ACBS) on ventricular arrhythmia was examined in 57 patients. Six-hour Holter monitoring was done on the day prior to and 3 mth after ACBS. None of the patients were on any antiarrhythmic drugs during these recordings. Ventricular arrhythmia was classified into three groups: Group I (45 patients) had an average of less than 10 premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) per hour, Group II (7 patients), 11-30 PVCs per hour and Group III (5 patients), greater than 30 PVCs per hour. There was no significant change in the number of patients in each group after ACBS. Complex PVCs were present in 8 patients preoperatively and in 9 patients after ACBS. The number of diseased vessels and the extent of left ventricular wall motion abnormality noted preoperatively, had no effect on ventricular arrhythmia following surgery. These data show that ACBS, when performed to relieve angina, does not have a significant effect on the prevalence of PVCs and does not prevent or reduce the occurrence of complex PVCs. PMID- 6978293 TI - Anti-tumor immunity in B-lymphocyte-deprived mice. III. Immunity to primary Moloney sarcoma virus-induced tumors. AB - Tumor induction and immunity to tumors were studied following the injection of Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) into mice whose B-lymphocyte functions had been suppressed by the chronic administration of anti-IgM antibodies. Two preparations of MSV were used; one which gives rise to tumors which uniformly regress in normal adult mice, and another which elicits progressively growing tumors in the majority of recipients. The tumor incidence, mean tumor size, and tempo of regression were not modified by treatment with anti-IgM. However, whereas tumors induced by the regressor virus were all rejected in 19 NRG-treated and 29 untreated recipients, continued growth was obtained in 2 of 23 B-lymphocyte deprived mice. Furthermore, in 9 additional mice from this group, apparent rejection was followed by tumor recurrence at the site of the initial tumor. Continued growth was accompanied by widespread metastasis. These tumors were freely transplantable to normal syngeneic recipients. Metastasis and transplantability were also detected in 7 of 24 anti-IgM-treated mice given progressor virus, but were not seen in the control animals. Recurrence and metastasis was obtained despite the presence of high levels of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the spleen. It is concluded that B lymphocytes or their products play an essential role in host protection against MSV-induced tumors. PMID- 6978296 TI - Tl2+ and Ag2+ metal-ion-induced oxidation of methionine in aqueous solution. A pulse radiolysis study. AB - Oxidation of methionine by Tl2+ and Ag2+ occurs with bimolecular rate constants of 2.5 x 10(9) and 3.3 x 10(8) mol-1 ls-1, respectively, and lead to sulphur centred radical cations as primary intermediates. The overall mechanism is in principle the same as for OH. and X2.- (X = halide) induced oxidations with however one significant difference. Thus no oxidation of the amino group by S+. including subsequent decarboxylation is observed for methionine in its zwitterionic form while this readily occurs in the OH. and X2.- initiated mechanism. The reason is suggested to be complexing of the amino function by the metal ions which effectively lowers the reduction potential of the amino group. The sulphur-centred radical cation rather decays by a mostly first-order deprotonation process to yield CH2-S-CH2 approximately and CH3-S-CH approximately radicals of methionine. They absorb with lambda max = 290 mm and epsilon = 3000 +/- 600 mol-1 l cm-1, and exhibit reducing properties. PMID- 6978298 TI - Effects of oxygen and sulphydryl-containing compounds on irradiated transforming DNA. Part I. Actions of dithiothreitol. AB - The actions and interactions of oxygen and the sulphydryl-containing compound dithiothreitol (DTT) upon the radiation sensitivity of the biological activity of purified Bacillus subtilis transforming DNA have been examined. It has previously been shown that the sensitivity of transforming DNA irradiated in dilute solution is less when irradiation is performed in 100 per cent O2 than when in 100 per cent N2, i.e. O2 protects transforming DNA with a dose-modifying factor of about 0.7. DTT protects transforming DNA in a manner that is dependent on DTT concentration and on gassing conditions. In O2 the DTT protection can largely be attributed to the scavenging of .OH radicals by the DTT, but in anoxia DTT exerts a further protective effect which results in an increasing oxygen enhancement ratio (o.e.r.) with increasing DDT concentration to a maximum o.e.r. of about 14 at 2-5 mM DTT. This additional protective effect of DTT is attributable to hydrogen atom donation from DTT to DNA radicals, thus chemically repairing the DNA. Oxygen appears to block this chemical repair reaction. PMID- 6978297 TI - Pulmonary tumours in Syrian hamsters following inhalation of 239PuO2. AB - Syrian hamsters were exposed to various levels of aerosolized 239PuO2 particles to attain a range of initial lung burdens (medians ranged from 40 to 144 nCi). They were allowed to live without sacrifice and had gross and microscopic tissue examinations at death. Over a range of median lung doses from 4-12 000 rad there was an average 2 per cent incidence of malignant tumours (adenocarcinomas) and 9 per cent incidence of total tumours (primarily adenomas). Some of these results are consistent with those from other laboratories using plutonium oxide aerosols but they represent considerably lower lung tumour incidences than previously observed in this laboratory using aerosols of 238PuO2-ZrO2 particles. PMID- 6978299 TI - Effects of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation and heat on mouse spermatogenic epithelium. AB - The rear halves of the bodies of anaesthetized male C3H mice were exposed for 30 min to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation and the effects on the testes were compared to those produced by direct heating. Effects were observed which are consistent with the hypothesis that heat damage is the primary effect of microwave exposure. Damage measured six days after exposure ranged in severity from depletion of the spermatocytes to extensive necrosis of the germinal epithelium. Temperature sensitive probes implanted in the testes revealed a threshold effect for depletion of the spermatocytes of approximately 39 degrees C and an LD50 6 (50 per cent cell death after 6 days) of about 41 degrees C after microwave exposure or direct heating. The corresponding effective threshold effect and LD50 6 expressed in terms of absorbed microwave power were 20 W kg-1 and 30 W kg-1. However, it is probable that a conscious animal is better able to regulate testicular temperature and hence adjust to higher dose-rates. PMID- 6978300 TI - The effect of hypo- and hypertonic NaCl solutions on cellular damage resulting from combined treatments of heat and X-rays. AB - The exposure of Chinese hamster V79 cells to 0.05 or 1.5 M NaCl immediately after combined treatment with heat and X-rays resulted in fixation of potentially lethal damage. The synergistic damage resulting from the interaction of heat and X-rays responded to anisotonic treatment like X-ray damage when heating was at 44.0 or 45.0 degrees C and like heat damage when heating was at 41.5 or 42.0 degrees C. When anisotonic treatment was given before heat plus X-ray exposure, sensitization occurred but the differences between heating at 42.0 and 45.0 degrees C were not as large. Incubation at 37 degrees C between heat and X-ray treatments or between X-ray and heat treatments resulted in recovery as manifested by a decrease in the fixation of damage by subsequent anisotonic treatment. Recovery was also observed when cells were incubated at 37 degrees C between the combined exposure to heat plus X-rays and the anisotonic treatment. These data imply that the lesions produced by heat plus X-ray treatments, which are susceptible to salt fixation, can be repaired. PMID- 6978302 TI - The effect of 50 kV X-ray irradiation on the alkaline phosphatase activity of growing rat bone. PMID- 6978301 TI - Effects of heavy ions on rabbit tissues: alopecia. AB - During extended investigations of the radiation responses of optic and proximate tissues of New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), the skin surrounding the eyes was exposed to the Bragg plateau regions of 530 MeV/amu Ar ions and 365 MeV/amu Ne ions, and also to 60Co gamma rays. The linear energy transfers (LET infinity s) for the radiations were 90 +/- 5, 35 +/- 3, and 0.3 keV/micron, respectively. Alopecia was measured after irradiation with subjective indices of baldness (0-5) that were calibrated against hair loss in other rabbits irradiated with Ne and Ar ions at the central region of the ear. The patterns of post-irradiation alopecia, which conformed to the model proposed by Casarett (1963) for the long-term expression of radiation damage in proliferating animal tissues, were modified by radiation quality in the following ways: (1) For acute (early) losses, the magnitude of the recovery phase decreased as the LET infinity of the incident radiation increased; (2) In the intermediate or plateau phase of radiation response, the values of relative biological effectiveness (r.b.e) approached those reported for proliferating cells in culture, but differences were found that may be related to the changes in the magnitude of the recovery phase; (3) For a given level of intermediate damage, the onset of the late degenerative phase of radiation response, which was expressed years after irradiation, occurred earlier the higher the LET infinity of the incident radiation. Taken overall, the most important finding of these experiments was that the r.b.e.s for alopecia varied with post-irradiation time. PMID- 6978303 TI - The effects of chronic ingestion of tritiated water on hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes in liver and brain during postnatal development of mice. PMID- 6978305 TI - Poisson goodness-of-fit tests for radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. AB - Asymptotic and exact Poisson goodness-to-fit tests have been reviewed with regard to their applicability in analysing distributional properties of data on chromosome aberrations. It has been demonstrated that for typical cytogenetic samples, i.e. when the average number of aberrations per cell is smaller than one, results of asymptotic tests, especially of the most commonly used u-test, differ greatly from results of corresponding exact tests. While the u-statistic can serve as a qualitative index to indicate a tendency towards under- or over dispersion, exact tests should be used if the assumption of a Poisson distribution is crucial, e.g. in investigating induction mechanisms. If the main interest is to detect a difference between the mean and the variance of a sample it is furthermore important to realize that a much larger sample size is required to detect underdispersion than it is to detect overdispersion. PMID- 6978304 TI - Radiation response in vitro of cells from five human malignant melanoma xenografts. PMID- 6978306 TI - U.V.-enhanced reactivation of capsid protein synthesis and infectious centre formation in mouse cells infected with U.V.-irradiated Minute-Virus-of-Mice. AB - The effect of U.V.-irradiation of mouse A9 cells on their ability to replicate unirradiated and U.V.-irradiated Minute-Virus-of-Mice was studied. The survival of two viral functions was measured in primary infected cells: the synthesis of viral structural proteins, as detected in situ using an immunoenzymatic assay, and the production of infectious centres, as detected by plaque formation onto appropriate indicator cells. Cell irradiation prior to infection enhanced virus survival over that in control cells (U.V.-enhanced reactivation phenomenon). The magnitude of this effect was similar for both viral functions, suggesting that the step(s) of the virus cycle sensitive to the reactivation process precede(s) the release of the primary burst and secondary infection. PMID- 6978308 TI - Formation of halide-ions on one-electron reduction of halogenated nitroimidazoles in aqueous solution. A radiolytic study. AB - Reactions of e-aq, (CH3)2COH and CO.2- with a series of halogenated nitroimidazoles (ArNO2) results predominantly in the formation of their one electron reduced species (ArNO.2-), the properties of which are consistent with those of other nitroimidazole radical anions. Further, one-electron reduction of ArNO2 ultimately leads to production of halide ion (X-); G(X-) = 1.2 to 2.2. In the presence of either the nitroxyl free radical, norpseudopelletierine-N-oxyl (NPPN), or oxygen the yield of X- is reduced and 'residual' yields of X- were observed, G(X-) = 0.08 to 0.43. From the results it is suggested that less than or equal to 10 per cent of the yield of reducing species results in the production of X- and an imidazolyl-type radical and that the majority of the yield of X- results from subsequent reactions of ArNO.2- (e.g. bimolecular reactions). PMID- 6978307 TI - Effects of heavy ions on rabbit tissues: cataractogenesis. AB - As part of an investigation of the responses of optic and proximate tissues to heavy-ion irradiation, the lenses of New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to the Bragg plateau regions of 530 MeV/amu Ar ions and 365 MeV/amu Ne ions and also to 60Co gamma-photons. The linear energy transfers (LET infinity s) for the radiations were 90 +/- 5, 35 +/- 3, and 0.3 keV/micrometer, respectively. After irradiation, lenticular opacities were monitored through their incipient and/or clinical stages (less than or equal to 5 years) by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and scored with subjective, but well-defined, indices. Cataractogenesis, which progressed according to the model proposed by Rubin and Casarett (1968), was modified by radiation quality in the following ways. (1) The rate of development of the early (acute) stage increased with the LET infinity of the incident radiation; (2) at the intermediate (plateau) stage, the values for the relative biological effectiveness (r.b.e.) of the heavy ions were similar to those reported for proliferating cells in culture; (3) for a given intermediate level, the onset of late cataractogenesis occurred earlier the higher the LET affinity of the radiation involved. As with alopecia, the r.b.e.s for cataractogenesis varied with post-irradiation time. PMID- 6978309 TI - X-ray-induced chromosome damage in live mammalian cells, and improved measurements of its effects on their colony-forming ability. AB - We have improved the precision of the technique described by Grote et al. (1981 a,b) for the observation of the radiation responses of live cultured mammalian cells with an incubated phase-contrast microscope: the colony-forming abilities of single cells obtained by selective detachment of mitoses (instead of cell pairs as previously) may now be followed individually and may be directly compared with chromosome damage detected after post-radiation mitosis (M1). An X ray dose of 1.4 Gy to diploid Syrian hamster cells (BHK 21 C13) in G1 had no effect on cell ability to reach M1. If chromosome fragment loss was then detected (as micronuclei) in the daughter-cell pair then colony-forming ability nearly always deteriorated, and either a stop-growth (79 per cent) or a slow-growth (21 per cent) colony resulted; but chromosomal bridges which persisted beyond M1 broke during interphase 1 and themselves caused no detectable cell damage additional to that attributable to the micronuclei which accompanied them. PMID- 6978311 TI - Extracellular hydrogen peroxide produced under irradiation as the most important factor in the lethality of gamma-irradiated Paramecium tetraurelia. PMID- 6978310 TI - The extent of bonding of newly synthesized DNA to parent template in unirradiated cells as a prediction of radiation sensitivity. PMID- 6978312 TI - A comparison of the radiosensitivity of stationary, exponential and G1 phase wild type and repair deficient yeast cultures: supporting evidence for stationary phase yeast cells being in G0. PMID- 6978314 TI - X-ray-induced cell cycle delay in human leukocytes: differential response within the first post-stimulation G1-phase. PMID- 6978313 TI - Changes in the supercoiled structure of nuclear DNA in rat and human peripheral blood lymphocytes after gamma-irradiation. PMID- 6978315 TI - The kinetics of the reaction of 'anomalous' 4-nitroimidazole radiosensitizers with thiols. PMID- 6978316 TI - DNA repair and replication in radiation-sensitive and -resistant mouse lymphoma cells gamma-irradiated under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. AB - Repair of DNA damage induced by gamma-rays was studied by the DNA unwinding technique in two strains of murine L5178Y lymphoma cells. These strains differ in sensitivity to low LET radiation by a factor of 1.4. No difference was found in the rate of DNA strand break rejoining during the first 3 hours after irradiation with 2 or 10 Gy of gamma-rays under aerobic conditions either at 0 degrees C or at room temperature. Also, the lesions inflicted by irradiation with 5 Gy of gamma-rays under hypoxia at room temperature were repaired by both strains at the same rate. The final level of unrejoined DNA strand break was the same in both strains, under all conditions examined, within the limits of resolution of the DNA unwinding technique. The rates of DNA chain elongation were also similar in both strains after irradiation under hypoxic or aerobic conditions. PMID- 6978317 TI - Radiation-induced molecular size changes in DNA in the presence of p nitroacetophenone. Pulse radiolysis in conjunction with light-scattering measurements. AB - Native calf thymus DNA, denatured DNA, and synthetic nucleic acids (poly A, poly C, poly U, and poly G) crosslink upon irradiation with 16 MeV electrons in O2 free dilute aqueous solutions containing 0.5mol/l t-butanol and p nitroacetophenone (PNAP) or nitrobenzene at concentrations between 10(-4) to 10( 3) mol/l. The occurrence of crosslinking was inferred from the increase of the light-scattering intensity after the irradiation with a 100ns electron pulse. The mechanism of crosslinking is based on the indirect action of radiation, typical 100eV yields G(X) being between 10(-5) and 10(-4). The attack of unsaturations in pendant bases by anion radicals PNAP- or by dimer anion radicals (PNAP)2 radical leading to pendant macroradicals appears to be feasible. Combination of the latter causes crosslinkages. Rate constants and yields of crosslinking depend strongly on the ionic strength. Evidence for counteracting kinetic salt- and steric hindrance effects has been obtained. PMID- 6978318 TI - Radiation-induced inhibition of human lymphocyte blastogenesis: the effect of superoxide dismutase and catalase. AB - Mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis was measured following X-irradiation (0 4 Gy) in the presence or absence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. There were no significant differences between radiation survival curves under these different conditions, nor did SOD have any radioprotective effect. This demonstrates the lack of oxygen dependence of radiation-induced inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenesis. Following X-irradiation at 2 Gy, neither SOD nor catalase, alone or together, added before or after irradiation, were radioprotective. In comparison to controls, both enzymes depressed lymphocyte proliferation when added at levels as low as 25 microgram catalase or 100 microgram SOD/ml media. When SOD and catalase were added together, the greatest depression of blastogenesis was obtained with increasing levels of SOD relative to increasing levels of catalase, indicating that SOD was largely responsible for this depression. The suppressive effect of administration of SOD (p less than 0.05), catalase (p less than 0.001) and SOD + catalase (p less than 0.001) on lymphocyte division was significantly greater when given prior to X-irradiation. The lack of an oxygen effect and the inability of SOD and catalase to protect human lymphocytes from X-irradiation suggest that 2- and /or H2O2 are not involved in radiation-induced inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenesis. PMID- 6978319 TI - Lysozyme dimer formation on lysozyme oxidation with Br2 radical as studied by fluorescence evolution. AB - Lysozyme dimers produced on oxidation of lysozyme with Br2 radical in aqueous solutions exhibit a fluorescence spectrum (lambda max = 400 nm) closely similar to that of bi-tyrosine. This suggests that the dimer is likely to have a tyrosine tyrosine bond resulting from the combination of tyrosine phenoxy radicals of two lysozyme molecules. Kinetic studies on dimer formation were made by measuring time-dependent fluorescence after pulsed-electron irradiation over wide pH range. The results lead to the following conclusions. The second-order growth of the dimer fluorescence observed at pH 10.7-12.5 reflects the combination process of the lysozyme radicals, which is rate-determining in the pH range. On the other hand, the first-order growth observed at pH 6.8-10.2 is attributable to the enolization of the keto-form of the dimer. A tentative reaction scheme is proposed for the dimer formation. PMID- 6978320 TI - The microdosimetry of lymphocytes irradiated by alpha-particles. AB - Although the concept of absorbed dose is commonly used in radiation biology as a parameter for comparing the toxic effect of different levels of radiation on a system, there are situations where the absorbed dose by itself is inadequate, and additional dose distribution information is required to explain the observed biological effects. A good example is the irradiation of cells by alpha particles. This paper reports the use of internal microdosimetry techniques to reinvestigate the dosimetry to two very similar experiments with apparently contradictory dose-response results. Yields of dicentric chromosome aberrations induced in human blood lymphocytes following in vitro exposure to dissolved americium or plutonium at two separate laboratories produced linear dose-response functions, but the slopes of the best-fit straight lines differed by a factor of 12. Our microdosimetric analysis showed the results of one experiment to be inconsistent with a uniform distribution of activity. It also showed that the difference in slope could be attributed to differences in particulate size and spatial distribution as a result of dissimilarities in procedures used for preparing the actinide solutions. PMID- 6978322 TI - Mutagenicity testing of irradiated onions in mice. PMID- 6978321 TI - Purine nucleoside analogues inhibit the repair of radiation-induced potentially lethal damage in mammalian cells in culture. PMID- 6978323 TI - Radiosensitization of Staphylococcus aureus by p-hydroxybenzoic acid. PMID- 6978324 TI - Dorsal cord stimulation (D.C.S.) in treatment of chronic non-neoplastic pain. PMID- 6978325 TI - Segmental action and stimuli-sensitive myoclonus with acute onset. A case report. AB - A 23-year old man developed action and stimulus-sensitive myoclonus involving neck and proximal arm muscles. The finding of abnormally long and tortuous vertebral and carotid arteries and the abrupt onset of symptomatology suggest a possible hemodynamic mechanism. The electrophysiological characters and the sensitivity to serotonin precursors are consistent with the definition of "reticular reflex myoclonus". PMID- 6978326 TI - Placenta previa with focal accretion. AB - A series of eight women in whom a diagnosis of placenta previa with focal accretion was established, is presented. They were selected from a group of 153 women with placenta previa who delivered during the period 1968-77. The women with placenta previa accreta did not differ from those with placenta previa per se with respect to age, parity, obstetrical history, and antenatal, intrapartum or perinatal outcome. Three women delivered vaginally and five by cesarean section. Postpartum hemorrhage occurred in four of the women, three of whom were delivered vaginally. Of seven women who were managed conservatively, one required a hysterectomy to control bleeding. It is suggested that cases of placenta previa with focal accretion be managed conservatively. PMID- 6978328 TI - [Diagnostic measures in colorectal emergencies]. PMID- 6978329 TI - [Primary resection of acute complicated diverticulitis]. PMID- 6978327 TI - Significance of anti-ENA, Sm and RNP antibodies in patients with antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 6978330 TI - [Colo-rectal ischemic disease]. PMID- 6978335 TI - Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - Two short-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetases were extracted from the photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, and partially purified by column chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 and DEAE-cellulose. One enzyme activated propionate, valerate, acrylate, butyrate, and acetate, and was designated as propionyl-CoA synthetase, since the highest activity and lowest Km value (0.6 mM) were observed with propionate. The other enzyme activated acetate, propionate and acrylate. It showed the highest activity and lowest Km value (0.37 mM) for acetate, and was identified as acetyl-CoA synthetase [EC 6.2.1.1]. PMID- 6978332 TI - Asparenomycins A, B and C, new carbapenem antibiotics. V. Inhibition of beta lactamases. AB - Asparenomycins (ASMs) A, B and C inhibited a wide range of beta-lactamases including both cephalosporinases and penicillinases usually at concentrations less than 3 microM. On studying the mechanism of inhibition of beta-lactamases produced by Gram-negative bacteria by ASM A it was concluded that ASM A inhibited the beta-lactamases by acylating the enzymes. This conclusion was reached from the following observations. i) The inhibition was progressive with time. ii) The inhibitor formed stable complexes with the enzyme. iii) Before completing inhibition of one molecule of the enzyme, 1.8 molecules of the inhibitor were hydrolyzed. PMID- 6978333 TI - Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Bacteroides species. PMID- 6978334 TI - Physiological and enzymatic properties of a thymidine-requiring Pediococcus cerevisiae mutant. AB - We describe the isolation and characterization of a Pediococcus cerevisiae thymidine-requiring mutant and its thymidine-independent revertant. The mutant strain lacked thymidylate synthetase activity and had an absolute requirement for low concentrations (2 micrograms/ml) of thymidine in addition to a requirement for N-5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid (folinate). Even at high concentrations (up to 500 micrograms/ml), thymine could not replace thymidine. In contrast to its wild-type parent, which grows only on folinate, the thymidine-requiring mutant (Thy- Fol+) was able to take up and grow on picogram quantities of unreduced folic acid. When both strains were grown on folinate, the Thy- Fol+ strain was at least 10(3)-fold more resistant to the folic acid analogs aminopterin and methotrexate than the wild-type strain. On the other hand, when grown on folic acid, the Thy- Fol+ strain was as sensitive to the folic acid analogs as the Thy+ Fol+ strain and was 10(2)-fold more sensitive than the wild-type strain grown on folinate. The thymidine-independent revertant (Thy+ Fol+) regained the wild-type level of thymidylate synthetase activity, but maintained the ability to take up and grow on unreduced folic acid like its Thy- Fol+ parent. PMID- 6978336 TI - The dual role of factor VII in blood coagulation. Initiation and inhibition of a proteolytic system by a zymogen. PMID- 6978331 TI - Immunocytochemical detection of tumour markers in bone metastases from carcinoma of the breast. AB - The value of immunocytochemical methods for detecting seven tumour-associated antigens was assessed in ten cases of bone metastases from carcinoma of the breast. In order to obtain the optimal preservation of both their structure and antigenicity, the biopsies were fixed-decalcified in Bouin's fluid by means of an apparatus based on ion-exchange resins recently developed in this laboratory. Of the different tumour markers, milk fat globule membrane antigen and carcino embryonic antigen were found to be present in the majority of the cases of neoplastic cells. These two markers appear, therefore, to be the most useful for the immunocytochemical identification of metastatic neoplastic cells in the bone marrow originating from carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 6978337 TI - Cooperative Ca2+ binding to human factor IX. Effects of Ca2+ on the kinetic parameters of the activation of factor IX by factor XIa. PMID- 6978338 TI - Human histocompatibility antigen mutants immunoselected in vitro. Biochemical analysis of a mutant which synthesizes an altered HLA-A2 heavy chain. AB - Immunoselection with HLA-A2 or HLA-A1 specific alloantisera has been utilized to isolate spontaneously arising and mutagen-induced variants from the B lymphoblastoid cell line T5-1 (HLA haplotypes DR3, B8, A1 and DR1, B27, Cw1, A2). Such variants are characterized by reduced reactivity with alloantisera of the selecting specificity, but normal reactivity with alloantisera directed to the other HLA specificities of T5-1. Biochemical analysis reveals two classes of variants. In all HLA-A1 and some HLA-A2 variants, the heavy chain in question cannot be detected; however, in other HLA-A2 variants, a structurally altered HLA A2 heavy chain is found. In the HLA-A2 variant 6.6.5, this heavy chain is glycosylated and thus has presumably been inserted into the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane in vivo. However, unlike all other HLA heavy chains, the 6.6.5 HLA-A2 heavy chain does not associate with beta 2-microglobulin, does not undergo processing of its high mannose oligosaccharide, and does not migrate to the cell surface, although it is relatively stably expressed within the cell. We suggest that the primary defect in these cells is the failure of the 6.6.5 HLA-A2 heavy chain to associate stably with beta 2-microglobulin. It is likely that the observed structural alteration in this heavy chain reflects a change in amino acid sequence, and thus, a mutation in the structural gene encoding HLA-A2. PMID- 6978339 TI - The treatment of fibrous non-union of fractures by pulsing electromagnetic stimulation. AB - Fifty-three ununited fractures with a median time since injury of 28 months were treated by electrical stimulation using pulsing electromagnetic fields. Union was achieved in 38 cases (71.7 per cent) in a median time of six months. For ununited fractures of the tibia the success rate was higher at 86.7 per cent. Previous or active sepsis, the presence of plates or nails, the age of the patient or the time since the injury did not affect the results. Analysis of the failures suggests that inadequate immobilisation, a fracture gap of more than five millimetres or the presence of a screw in the fracture gap was responsible. In four patients no cause of failure could be determined. PMID- 6978341 TI - "Target" cells, cellular phenotypes, and lineage fidelity in human leukaemia. AB - A detailed analysis of lymphoid leukaemia cells with a panel of monoclonal antibodies plus other markers indicates a striking conservation of phenotype that closely mimics that of normal lymphoid precursor or progenitor cells and reflects the imposition of maturation arrest. The composite phenotypes detected show some minimal deviations or asynchronies (with respect to maturation "stages") but are faithful with respect to cell lineage. These observations are suggested to shed light on the available "target" populations for lymphoid malignancy in humans and challenge the view that dedifferentiation or qualitatively aberrant gene expression is common and important in malignancy. They are further taken to support the view that normal gene products that regulate or couple proliferation and maturation are critically involved in the successive clonal selection events underlying the evolution of leukaemia. No qualitatively unique and consistent leukaemia "markers" may exist or be required. The only exception to this rule are the nonrandom chromosome changes, which, it is suggested, involve genetic loci critical to the regulation of growth and maturation in particular normal cell types. PMID- 6978342 TI - Some thoughts on the nature of erythropoietin-responsive cells. PMID- 6978340 TI - Improved three-year disease-free survival in osteogenic sarcoma. AB - Of 41 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed osteogenic sarcoma admitted to the Children's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center in Seattle, Washington, between 1952 and 1977, 19 treated before 1973 did not receive adjunctive chemotherapy (histological group) whereas after 1972 22 have been so treated (chemotherapy group). Chemotherapy consisted primarily of high doses of methotrexate and adriamycin for 16 months after surgical treatment. Patients in the historical group have been observed for a minimum of nine years (six patients) or until death (13 patients). The 13 surviving patients in the chemotherapy group have been followed for a minimum of three years (median five years) and all 12 disease-free patients have been off therapy for between one and a half and five and a half years (median three years). Overall, the chemotherapy group has had a significant increase in both survival (p = 0.03) and disease-free survival (P = 0.02) compared to the historical group. In 35 patients with localised disease at diagnosis, the three-year disease-free survival and the three-year survival rates were 18 per cent and 41 per cent respectively in the historical group, and 67 per cent and 78 per cent (life table estimates) respectively in the chemotherapy group. With adjunctive chemotherapy only one of the seven patients developing pulmonary metastases did so later than nine months after diagnosis. The superior results in the chemotherapy group could not be accounted for by differences in age, sex, presence of metastases at diagnosis, histopathology, location of primary tumour, type of initial or subsequent surgical treatment, or the use of standard or computerised lung tomography. Although the use of historical controls in this study does not exclude other changes as contributing to the observed improvement in outcome, our data support the contention that adjunctive chemotherapy improves both the disease-free survival and the overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma and rarely delays the onset of recurrent or metastatic disease. PMID- 6978343 TI - Detection in vitro of a unique, multipotent hemopoietic progenitor. PMID- 6978344 TI - Large-scale preparation and characterization of human colony-stimulating factor. PMID- 6978345 TI - Growth of human T lymphocyte colonies from whole blood: culture requirements and applications. AB - Growth of human lymphocyte colonies from whole blood following stimulation with PHA, Con A, or PPD is described. Individual colony cells were identified as T lymphocytes on the basis of surface marker and enzyme cytochemical characterizations. Colony formation increased as a power function over a wide range of cell concentrations above a critical minimal concentration. The whole blood culture system eliminates possible selective effects of lymphocyte colony techniques utilizing gradient-enriched lymphocyte fractions and more closely approximates the in vivo milieu. The whole blood colony method is more sensitive for the detection of low-level radiation effects on lymphocytes than widely used tests that measure 3H-thymidine incorporation. In preliminary studies, we used the whole blood method to determine the relative radiosensitivity of lymphocytes from humans with various hematopoietic disorders, and observed abnormalities in mitogen responsiveness and colony formation in some of the patient groups. This method has wide application for studies in cellular and clinical immunology. PMID- 6978347 TI - Primary immunodeficiency disorders in Sweden: cases among children, 1974-1979. AB - A nationwide survey of symptomatic primary immunodeficiency disorders in children in Sweden during the 6-year period 1974-1979 resulted in 201 reported cases. The reported data for 174 children were analyzed. Antibody deficiencies were the most frequent (45.0%), followed by phagocytic disorders (22.0%) and combined T- and B cell disorders (20.8%). Thirty-two children (18.4%) died, with the highest mortality for combined T- and B-cell defects. The sex ratio for all disorders was 2:1 for boys:girls. Neutropenia was significantly more common in the northern part of Sweden. PMID- 6978348 TI - [Histochemical observation on the intestine of a bullfrog tadpole, Rana catesbeiana, during metamorphosis: with special reference to the aspect of the cells with acid phosphatase activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978346 TI - Studies of human natural killer cells. III. Neutropenia associated with unusual characteristics of antibody-dependent and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - A 52-year-old Caucasian man with chronic neutropenia and recurrent infections was found to have an increased proportion of peripheral T lymphocytes having Fc receptors for IgG (T gamma ). Although levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and "natural" killing (NK) by unfractionated lymphocytes were similar to those of a control donor, the frequency of KN cells was markedly increased. Removal of E rosette-forming cells eliminated both NK and ADCC by the patient's peripheral blood, in marked contrast to the enhanced cytotoxicity seen with control lymphocytes. Both normal and patient ADCC and NK functions were removed by depletion of Fc receptor-bearing cells. These depletion experiments proved that all of the patient's killer cells were E rosette-forming T gamma cells, in contrast to the heterogeneous pattern of null gamma and T gamma killer cells seen in the blood of normal donors. The homogeneity of the T gamma proliferation suggested that ADCC and NK were mediated by the same cell type, albeit acting by different mechanisms. The addition of the patient's serum and lymphocytes to chromium-labelled normal granulocytes caused a low but significant level of cytotoxicity, indicating that the patient's neutropenia may have been caused by a similar mechanism in vivo. There was no evidence of complement dependent serum antibody-mediated neutrophil lysis, but one serum sample taken over the course of the patient's disease agglutinated granulocytes from four of five donors tested. PMID- 6978349 TI - Serotype and ampicillin susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae causing systemic infections in children: 3 years of experience. AB - Over a 3-year period, 96% of systemic infections in children caused by Haemophilus influenzae were of serotype b. Of 346 invasive infections, 15 (4%) were caused by non-type b H. influenzae. The monthly prevalence of ampicillin resistance in all isolates was highly variable (0 to 63%). Ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae causing invasive disease occurred in 13% of non-type b and 21.8% of type b isolates. There was no significant difference (x2 - 0.21; p greater than 0.10) in the rate of ampicillin resistance between type b and non-type b H. influenzae causing systemic illness in children over a 3-year period. PMID- 6978350 TI - In vitro evaluation of pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline cephalosporin, a new diagnostic chromogenic reagent, and comparison with nitrocefin, cephacetrile, and other beta-lactam compounds. AB - Pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylanaline cephalosporin (PADAC), a chromogenic reagent which is purple and changes to yellow upon cleavage of its beta-lactam ring, was evaluated in comparison with other chromogenic cephalosporins. PADAC exhibited little antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria, but did have good activity (minimum inhibitory concentration, 0.12 to 0.5 microgram/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus, a quality comparable to nitrocefin. Nitrocefin, however, demonstrated an unexpected and uniquely potent activity against Streptococcus faecalis (minimum inhibitory concentration, less than or equal to 0.06 to 0.12 microgram/ml) The relative hydrolysis rate of PADAC when subjected to six different beta-lactamases was substantially greater than that of cephacetrile, but less than that of nitrocefin. The relative hydrolysis rates of PADAC and nitrocefin were comparable with type IIIa beta lactamase and the derived from Bacillus cereus. The inhibition of beta-lactamase hydrolysis of the chromogenic cephalosporin substrates by six enzyme-stable inhibitors was generally greater with PADAC than with nitrocefin. Unlike nitrocefin, PADAC mixed with 50% human serum or various broth culture media showed no evidence of color change or degradation over several hours. The subsequent enzyme hydrolysis rates of such mixtures were the same as in phosphate buffer. Beta-lactamase-containing bacterial suspensions and clinical specimens containing such bacteria produced positive visual and spectrophotometric color changes when mixed with PADAC or nitrocefin. Although color changes occurred more slowly with PADAC than with nitrocefin, PADAC was not adversely influenced (non-enzyme-related color change) by the protein content of specimens. PADAC appears to be a promising alternative for beta-lactamase diagnostic testing in the clinical and research microbiology laboratory. PMID- 6978352 TI - PETT VI: a positron emission tomograph utilizing cesium fluoride scintillation detectors. AB - We designed and built a positron emission transverse tomograph (PETT VI), designed specifically for fast dynamic studies in the human brain, and for cardiac studies in experimental animals. The scintillation detectors incorporated into this device are fitted with cesium fluoride crystals. Cesium fluoride was selected for this purpose because its short fluorescence decay allows the use of a short coincidence resolving time with a concomitant reduction of unwanted random coincidences. PETT VI utilizes four rings of 72 detectors simultaneously yielding seven tomographic sections. The system can be operated in either a low or high resolution mode with intrinsic geometrical resolutions in the plane of section of 7.1 to 11.7 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM), for a slice thickness with a resolution at the center of 13.9 mm FWHM. The maximum sensitivity of the system for seven slices in the low resolution mode is 322,000 cps/microCi/cc in a 20 cm diameter phantom. The contribution of random coincidences before subtraction in PETT VI was found to be approximately 14% of the counts in the phantom image with a source of approximately 3.5 mCi of a positron emitting radionuclide dispersed in a 20 cm diameter tissue equivalent phantom with a concentration of 1 microCi/cc. The short coincidence resolving time of the system permits rapid data acquisition for attenuation corrections and clinical dynamic studies with data acquisition times of less than a minute. PMID- 6978351 TI - Effector--target cell interaction of lymph node cells from galactocerebroside sensitized rats with oligodendrocytes of brain cell cultures. AB - Inbred Lewis rats were sensitized with galactocerebrosides (GC) and hemocyanin. After 10 years lymph node cells (LNC) depleted of phagocytic cells were obtained. These cells were tested on mixed brain cell cultures enriched with GC-positive oligodendrocytes. Within 3--48 h of incubation, conjugate formation between LNC and oligodendrocytes was observed. Interaction of effector cells with their target resulted in defective oligodendrocytes. Anti-GC-LNC did not adhere to or lyse astrocytes or fibroblasts. Control LNC from rats sensitized only with the carrier protein did not interact with oligodendrocytes. PMID- 6978353 TI - Evaluation of cerebral ventricles by computed tomography in the first year of life. PMID- 6978354 TI - Further evidence that hypnotically induced color blindness does not mimic congenital defects. PMID- 6978355 TI - Longitudinal study of hearing in children II: cross-sectional studies of noise exposure as measured by dosimetry. PMID- 6978356 TI - Partial matricectomy with electrodesiccation for permanent repair of ingrown nail borders. AB - A large number of chemical and surgical procedures have been described for the management and correction of onychocryptosis (1-15). Many of these procedures share the problem of prolonged postoperative drainage, which may continue from 4 to 6 weeks. This extended time period can cause the patient inconvenience and discomfort, and continuous follow-up care by the physician is necessary. Electrodesiccation combined with surgical excision of the nail matrix to correct an ingrowing nail border permanently is simple, fast, has a low incidence of infection, and will usually have a dry bed of granulation tissue within 10 days after surgery. PMID- 6978357 TI - Effects of age and dentition status on measures of food acceptability. AB - The current cross-sectional investigation was undertaken to determine whether observed losses in masticatory function due to missing teeth impair perceptual estimates of food acceptability. To quantify the effect of impaired masticatory ability, 566 male participants from the Veterans Administration Dental Longitudinal Study were subdivided into three age groups (less than 40 years, 40 to 49 years, and 50 or more years) and three dentition categories (intact, partially compromised, and compromised). Bivariate analysis revealed that dentition status significantly influenced the acceptance modalities of taste, texture, perceived ease of chewing, and frequency of ingestion. Age, per se, had little effect. Significant changes in the acceptance variables were noted only in persons with compromised dentition. These findings suggested that a moderate degree of unreplaced tooth loss had no significant effect on perceptual estimates of food acceptability, and unilateral intact dentition can provide sufficient masticatory performance for maintaining food acceptance. PMID- 6978358 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID- 6978359 TI - Attempts to establish infections with Strongyloides stercoralis in mice and other laboratory animals. AB - Infection of a dog with Strongyloides stercoralis filariform larvae resulted in a persistent infection. Patent infections were not seen in rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats and 11 inbred strains and one outbred strain of mice. Manipulation of factors known to influence S. ratti infections in mice, such as age and sex of the host and the route of larval presentation, did not facilitate the appearance of rhabditiform larvae in the stools. Administration of immunosuppressive doses of corticosterioids to rabbits, guniea-pigs and C57Bl/6 mice did not permit complete development. Similarly, th course of infection was not altered in T cell deficient hypothymic (nu/nu) mice. The fate of filariform larvae applied to the skin of mice was ascertained; filariform larvae were observed to migrate from the skin via the lungs to the muscles within several days of infection. Although S. Stercoralis does not develop to maturity in the small intestine of mice, this system does allow in vivo studies of the actions of anthelmintics against filariform larvae as well as a number of aspects of the immune response to this parasite. PMID- 6978362 TI - Porcine C1q and the solid-phase immunoassay of human immune complexes. AB - Experiments were undertaken to determine if porcine C1q could replace human C1q in the solid-phase immunoassay of human immune complexes (ICs). Porcine C1q was obtained by a two-cycle precipitation method involving dialysis against chelating agents in low ionic strength buffer. C1q was adsorbed to polystyrene beads and in vivo- or in vitro-formed ICs binding to the solid-phase C1q were detected with 125I-labeled or horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-human gamma antibodies. Unfractionated, heat-aggregated human gamma globulin (delta IgG) could be detected at 20 ng/ml when diluted in buffer only. The detection threshold changed to 40-80 ng delta IgG/ml when the assay was run with buffer containing normal human serum diluted 1: 1000 (the serum dilution used for detecting natural ICs). Analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus sera revealed that 60% contained highly significant levels of ICs (binding greater than or equal to 3 S.D. above the mean of controls). Comparison with platelet aggregation test results revealed a highly significant correlation between the two methods (P less than 0.0001), even though each assay detected ICs in several serum specimens negative in the other test. These results demonstrate that porcine C1q can functionally replace human C1q in the solid-phase immunoassay of human ICs. Since porcine blood is normally a waste product of the meat-processing industry, it is an obvious source of easily isolated C1q for use in such an assay. PMID- 6978361 TI - Membrane fluorescent probes for revealing lymphocyte population heterogeneity. II. T-and B-lymphocytes of human peripheral blood. AB - Lymphocytes of human peripheral blood were stained with a fluorescent probe 3 methoxybenzanthrone (MBA) and their fluorescence intensities measured using a cytofluorimeter. The lymphocytes are shown to be heterogeneous in fluorescence intensity. The fluorescence intensity of B-cells is 2-3 times higher than that of T-cells. Some data suggest that null-cells have an intermediate fluorescence intensity. Thus, with MBA it is possible to distinguish T- and B-lymphocytes in man. PMID- 6978360 TI - An antiglobulin microcytotoxicity assay to analyze non-complement fixing monoclonal antibodies to human histocompatibility antigens. AB - An antiglobulin microcytotoxicity assay has been used to analyze non-complement fixing monoclonal antibodies to human histocompatibility antigens. The assay utilizes methodology similar to that of the widely used microcytotoxicity assay for HLA typing, requires low numbers of target cells and is suitable to test large numbers of samples. The sensitivity of the assay is influenced by the anti mouse Ig antiserum used, by the sequence of addition of the various reagents and by the incubation time. The assay is suitable to screen supernatants of clones derived from hybridization experiments and to characterize the serological specificity of anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6978364 TI - Comparative effects of azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and frentizole on cellular immunity in mice. AB - This report extends previous observations on the immunosuppressive properties of cyclophosphamide (CPA), azathioprine and frentizole (15) to include murine models of cellular immunity. Systemic and local graft vs host reactions (GVHR) were most effectively suppressed by CPA. In contrast to frentizole, both CPA and azathioprine were found to inhibit the proliferation of parental T-cells in a systemic GVHR. However, CPA was the only agent capable of inhibiting the proliferation of T-cells following contact sensitization with oxazolone. Mice pretreated with a high dose of CPA or frentizole prior to inoculation with the murine sarcoma virus exhibited accelerated tumor growth. However, there was no accelerated growth of murine sarcoma virus induced tumors or an SaI spindle cell fibrosarcoma during rather prolonged therapy with immunosuppressive doses of CPA, azathioprine or frentizole. Normal mice treated with CPA showed a more drastic reduction in lymphoid elements of the spleen and thymus than mice treated with azathioprine or frentizole. Studies on the mitogenic responsiveness of spleen cells obtained from normal mice after an eight day course of therapy suggested that CPA has some selectivity of action on B-cells and azathioprine on T-cells. PMID- 6978365 TI - In vitro complement activation by intercellular antibodies. AB - By in vitro complement immunofluorescence, 6 sera from pemphigus with intercellular antibodies were tested for their capability to fix C1q, C4, C3, and properdin. All 6 serum samples yielded positive reaction for C3 staining. Three serum samples gave positive staining for C1q, 5 serum samples for C4, and 3 serum samples for properdin, respectively. Substitution of C2 deficient serum as a complement source inhibited C3 and properdin staining but not positive C1q and C4 staining. These results are best explained by the concept that complement activation in vitro by intercellular antibodies occurs via the classical pathway followed by assembly of the C3 amplification mechanism. PMID- 6978363 TI - Specific elimination of the T lineage cells: effect of in vitro treatment with anti-Thy 1 serum without complement on the adoptive cell transfer system. AB - Thymocytes from C57BL/6(B6) mice treated with anti-Thy 1 antiserum without complement in vitro were transferred to lethally irradiated AKR mice. Five days following transfer, the proportion of Thy 1.2(+) cells recovered from the recipient spleen was significantly lower (7%) than that from the control mice which had received untreated cells (64%). the B6 spleen cells were treated in the same manner and transferred with SRBC (T-dependent antigen) or DNP-Ficoll (T independent antigen) to irradiated syngeneic recipients. The recipients developed a response to SRBC which was significantly lower than that observed in control mice, but showed the same number of plaque-forming cell (PFC) against TNP-SRBC as the control group of mice which had received untreated B6 spleen cells. These results clearly show that in vitro pretreatment of lymphocytes with anti-Thy 1 serum without complement specifically resulted in elimination or inactivation of the T lineage cells in the host environment. The mechanisms of the elimination are discussed in this study. PMID- 6978366 TI - Observations on the mechanism of the protective action of sunscreens. AB - A method is described for measuring the entrance into excised skin of ultraviolet radiation absorbing chemicals (UVRACs) following their application to the cutaneous surface in volatile, partially volatile or nonvolatile vehicles. Also a method is presented for observing changes in optical density (OD) of a sheet of stratum corneum subsequent to the application of an UVRAC and then washing it from the surface. Using these methods, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and 2 ethylhexyl p-dimethyl aminobenzoate (O-PABA) have been studied. In the presence or absence of the nonvolatile vehicle, isopropyl myristate (IM), significant amounts of PABA enter the skin but almost all of the O-PABA remains on the surface. Nevertheless subsequently PABA is more easily removed by water than is O PABA. When either UVRAC is applied to excised stratum corneum, the OD of the tissue increases immediately; only with PABA is there a further increase as it enters the skin. In vivo, delayed erythemal responses to 280-400 nm radiation of persons to whom the UVRACs are applied correlate well with the observations made on excised skin. PMID- 6978367 TI - [Surgical benefits of bypass operation to periinfarction ischemic area in unstable angina with previous myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978368 TI - IgG antinuclear antibody dynamics between mothers and fetuses (study mainly in terms of IgG antinuclear antibody in puerperal stage). AB - Almost one fourth century has passed since the existence of antinuclear antibody (antinuclear factor) which participates in autoimmune disease was known. In the present study, the author considered antinuclear antibody (ANF)from a stand as a obstetrician. In such a case, -especially when considering the relationship between mother's physical conditions and the fetus-, it seems to be the most reasonable to investigate the dynamics of transplacental Immunoglobulin G of antinuclear antibody (IgG ANF), and, consequently, the author selected randomly 60 subjects hospitalized in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fussa Hospital, and the antibody units of IgG ANF in serum of mothers were measured at the delivery and in the puerperal stage (one month after delivery) and those of babies were measured at the birth. On the basis of these measured values, studies were made from various viewpoints. From the obtained results, the author had impression that, although the newborns from the mothers having always higher antibody units of IgG ANF presented no abnormalities in physical examinations, they were more susceptible to reduction in vitality for about 3 weeks following their birth, and that the birth of boys tended to be more often among such mothers. PMID- 6978371 TI - Hazards of marijuana - a psychiatrist's viewpoint. PMID- 6978370 TI - C1q-latex assay for immune complexes. Complexes that react with both C1q and monoclonal rheumatoid factor in lupus erythematosus and lung cancer. AB - A solid phase radioassay for measurement of ICs in biological fluids is described in which ICs present in test sample bind to C1q immobilized on latex particles and bound complexes are quantitated by reaction with radioiodinated mRF. The radioassay can reproducibly measure 10 ng of aggregated human IgG in serum and differentiate soluble complexes from IC-like materials that precipitate with centrifugation or low temperature or stick to test tube walls. Reagents used in the assay, including C1q-L, can be stored for extended periods of time before use. One hundred four of 171 sera from patients with SLE and 8 of 50 sera from patients with LC, assayed by this method, contained elevated levels of ICs relative to controls . IC levels determined by this method correlated with IC data generated by 125I-C1q-PEG precipitation. Raji cell radioimmune assay, and solid-phase conglutinin assay, in some cases but not other. PMID- 6978372 TI - Uptake of 125I-labelled prolactin by bullfrog kidney tubules: an autoradiographic study. AB - The uptake of 125I-labelled ovine prolactin in the bullfrog kidney was studied by autoradiography. Five minutes after the intracardiac injection of 125I-labelled prolactin, no labelling was detected in the kidneys of premetamorphic tadpoles or in animals whose forelimbs had just emerged (climax tadpoles). After 15 min, a few isolated tubules were labelled in the premetamorphic tadpole kidneys and many kidney tubules were labelled in climax tadpoles. In the froglet kidneys, extensive labelling was seen by 5 min after injection, and only distal tubules seemed to be consistently unlabelled. The radioactive label was displaced by an excess of unlabelled ovine prolactin, but not by ovine growth hormone or bovine LH. These findings provide the first morphological demonstration of specific binding of prolactin by the nephric tubules of an amphibian. They show that the receptors, present in small numbers in the premetamorphic state, proliferate during the later stages of metamorphosis. The change in receptor density involves both an increase in the number of tubules having receptors and in the density of receptors per tubule. PMID- 6978373 TI - The distribution and associations of blood pressure in an adolescent population. AB - In this report we describe the distributions of blood pressure and its associations in adolescence. Six hundred and twenty-five subjects aged 13 to 18 were drawn from three general practices in different urban and rural settings. Systolic pressures were higher and rose with age in boys (mean = 119 mm Hg) compared with girls (mean = 114 mm Hg), who showed no age association. Diastolic pressures (phase 5) were higher in girls (mean = 64 mm Hg) than in boys (mean = 60 mm Hg) and showed no association with age in either sex. Initial blood pressures were generally higher than those recorded after a further five minutes' rest in the sitting position, although diastolic pressures rose on the second reading in the older subjects. Systolic pressures of subjects from the suburban practice and in the late autumn were relatively low; diastolic pressures tended to be lower in the spring and in subjects from the rural practice. Systolic pressures were lower in the morning and this was found to be primarily related to fasting status. Individuals with a positive family history of hypertension had significantly higher blood pressures than those with a negative history. Boys who frequently played sports had lower diastolic pressures, largely accounting for the above sex difference. We conclude that although blood pressure measurement in adolescence is a difficult screening procedure it should be offered to selected groups such as those with a family history of hypertension. PMID- 6978369 TI - [A study on immunological significance of prostaglandins -immunological significance of prostaglandin E in the endometrium around the implantation (author's transl)]. AB - A number of studies have been reported providing indirect evidence of maternal immune response to fetus based on the data from peripheral blood of pregnant women, but little information is available on maternal local immune response at the endometrium involved in control of fetus rejection occurring around the time of implantation. Proliferative response of lymphocytes was measured in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cultures in the presence of prostaglandins of the E series (PGE). When present in the culture at concentration of 10(2) ng/ml, physiological level in the secretory endometrium, PGE inhibited H3-thymidine (H3 TdR) incorporation by 50% of the control. The inhibitory effect was found not to be antagonized by polyphloretin phosphate or di-4-phloretin phosphate. Thus, effects of PGE in the endometrium on lymphocytes and uterine smooth muscle appear to be independent processes. When PGE was added at the beginning of culture, H3 TdR incorporation was suppressed most markedly. However, when added late during the activation process, the suppression was reduced. When PGE was in culture for 12 h and was removed by washing the cells before the addition of PHA, the effect of PGE was negated. These data indicate that effect of PGE affect the early period of the inductive phase of the immune response and is reversible. The significance of such a effect of PGE is discussed in connection with the nonspecific immunosuppression in the secretory endometrium preceding nidation. PMID- 6978374 TI - Anaphylatoxin-mediated regulation of the immune response. I. C3a-mediated suppression of human and murine humoral immune responses. AB - The C3a fragment of the third component of complement was found to have immunosuppressive properties. C3a is capable of suppressing both specific and polyclonal antibody responses. In contrast, C3a had no effect on antigen- or mitogen-induced B or T cell proliferative responses. The carboxy-terminal arginine is essential for C3a to exhibit its immunosuppressive properties. The serum carboxypeptidase inhibitor 2-mercaptomethyl-5-guanodinopentanoic acid, which prevents cleavage of the terminal arginine that would produce C3ades Arg 77, allowed us to assay the effects of C3a on in vitro immune response systems where serum is required. When the terminal arginine is removed from C3a, the resulting C3ades Arg-77 molecule is nonsuppressive. Helper T lymphocytes are the target of C3a-mediated suppression of the immune response. Substitution of T cells by soluble T cell factors was found to abrogate the C3a suppressive activity. PMID- 6978375 TI - Complement receptor (CR1) deficiency in erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - This study reports quantitative information on the concentration of complement receptor for C3b and C4b (CR1) on erythrocytes from normal individuals and patients with immune complex disease. The measurements were performed by an immunoradiometric assay using monoclonal antibodies against CR1. The antibody specificity was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of CR1 from extracts of surface labeled cells, by inhibition of rosette formation between B lymphocytes and the erythrocytes intermediate EAC14oxy23b, and by the characteristic distribution of the antigen among cells of human peripheral blood. The number of CR1 molecules in erythrocytes from 52 normal individuals was estimated as 1,410 +/- 620. No significant differences in CR1 levels were observed when individuals were grouped by sex, age, or blood groups. In patients with SLE and rheumatoid arthritis, the number of CR1 molecules per RBC was significantly lower, i.e., 600 +/- 307 and 903 +/- 417, respectively. CR1 levels were normal in asthmatics undergoing long term treatment with prednisone. In SLE patients, significant correlations were found between CR1 levels, C4 hemolytic titers, and levels of circulating immune complexes. In two out of four patients with SLE, CR1 levels increased significantly during remission, showing that the deficiency is, at least in part, reversible. The deficiency in CR1 could be genetically controlled or could represent an epiphenomenon caused by the interaction of the receptor with a ligand present in the circulation of patients. PMID- 6978376 TI - Diseases caused by reactions of T lymphocytes towards incompatible structures of the major histocompatibility complex. VI. Autoantibodies characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus induced by abnormal T-B cell cooperation across I-E. AB - By induction of a suitable graft-vs-host reaction (GVHR) in H-2-different F1 mice, one can induce the production of autoantibodies characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of the present study was to define the intra-H-2 differences in the F1 recipients that are capable of triggering this process. A GVHR was induced in [B10.A(2R) x B10.A(4R)]F1 mice by injecting 10(8) lymphocytes from either parental strain. Whereas the donor B10.A(4R) induced a massive formation of autoantibodies to thymocytes, erythrocytes, nuclear antigens, and double-stranded DNA, the donor B10.A(2R) failed to do so. The intra H-2 genetics of these two parent leads to F1 combinations are such that the observed autoantibody formation after the injection of B10.A(4R) T cells must have been triggered exclusively by the incompatible I-Ek subregion of the [B10.A(2R) x B10.A(4R)]F1 recipients. Because I-E appears to be the murine analogue of HLA-D/DR, this finding is of interest with respect to the increased frequency of certain HLA-DR alleles in SLE patients, as discussed. PMID- 6978377 TI - Human B cell differentiation. II. Pokeweed mitogen-responsive B cells belong to a surface immunoglobulin D-negative subpopulation. AB - Surface immunoglobulin D (IgD)-positive lymphocytes precoated with monoclonal anti-delta antibody were selectively removed from blood mononuclear cell preparations by "panning" and by fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The depletion of sIgD+ cells did not significantly affect plasma cell responses to pokeweed mitogen PWM). PWM-responsive B cells lacking sIgD and mouse erythrocyte receptors preferentially sedimented in lower density fractions of a discontinuous Percoll gradient, and sIgD-negative B cells were found to have a larger mean diameter than IgD-positive cells. We conclude that PWM-responsive B cells represent a distinct subpopulation of relatively large cells that have ceased to express receptors for mouse erythrocytes and surface IgD. PMID- 6978379 TI - A case of rare heterozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype: IS. PMID- 6978378 TI - Selective inhibition of human T cell cytotoxicity at levels of target recognition or initiation of lysis by monoclonal OKT3 and Leu-2a antibodies. AB - Out of a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies with affinity for human lymphoid cells, three were shown to prevent cytotoxic T cell activity, whereas none affected natural killer cell activity when applied without complement. Anti-OKT3 and anti-Leu-2a, with affinity for all T cells and the cytotoxic/suppressive subset, respectively were both shown to inhibit T killing by their interaction with the effector cell. For anti-OKT3, the inhibition remained after free antibody was washed away. Anti-Leu-2a, in contrast, induced a rapidly reversible inhibition. Using a single cell assay, anti-OKT3 was shown to reduce the lytic ability without affecting target cell binding, whereas anti-Leu-2a prevented the effectors from binding target cells. PMID- 6978381 TI - Some properties of the Clostridium butyricum group beta-lactamase. AB - Clostridium strain CB269, belonging to the butyricum group, produces a beta lactamase. The substrate profile of this enzyme, as characterized by the microiodometric method, was that of a penicillinase: activity was slightly higher on ampicillin than on benzylpenicillin, while carbenicillin and methicillin were hydrolysed at lower rates. There was poor activity with cephalosporins. The enzyme was excreted during growth, and was inducible to a limited extent by cloxacillin or cefoxitin. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was approximately 4.1. PMID- 6978382 TI - Physiological basis for enduring vestibular symptoms. AB - Four examples of patients who sustained a vestibular insult and did not fully recover over a prolonged period are described. The reasons for this failure of compensation are discussed in relation to the experimental literature, particularly that concerning the importance of extra-vestibular inputs upon the vestibular system. PMID- 6978383 TI - The Babinski Response. PMID- 6978380 TI - A photoisomerizable muscarinic antagonist. Studies of binding and of conductance relaxations in frog heart. AB - These experiments employ the photoisomerizable compound, 3,3'-bis-[alpha (trimethylammonium)methyl]azobenzene (Bis-Q), to study the response to muscarinic agents in frog myocardium. In homogenates from the heart, trans-Bis-Q blocks the binding of [3H]-N-methylscopolamine to muscarinic receptors. In voltage-clamped atrial trabeculae, trans-Bis-Q blocks the agonist-induced potassium conductance. The equilibrium dose-response curve for carbachol is shifted to the right, suggesting competitive blockade. Both the biochemical and electrophysiological data yield a dissociation constant of 4-5 microM for trans-Bis-Q; the cis configuration is severalfold less potent as a muscarinic blocker. Voltage-clamped preparations were exposed simultaneously to carbachol and Bis-Q and were subjected to appropriately filtered flashes (less than 1 ms duration) from a xenon flashlamp. Trans leads to cis and cis leads to trans photoisomerizations cause small (less than 20%) increases and decreases, respectively, in the agonist induced current. The relaxation follows an S-shaped time course, including an initial delay or period of zero slope. The entire waveform is described by [1 - exp(-kt)]n. At 23 degrees C, k is approximately 3 s-1 and n is 2. Neither k nor n is affected when: (a) [Bis-Q] is varied between 5 and 100 microM; (b) [carbachol] is varied between 1 and 50 microM; (c) carbachol is replaced by other agonists (muscarine, acetylcholine, or acetyl-beta-methylcholine); or (d) the voltage is varied between the normal resting potential and a depolarization of 80 mV. However, in the range of 13-30 degrees C, k increases with temperature; the Q10 is between 2 and 2.5. In the same range, n does not change significantly. Like other investigators, we conclude that the activation kinetics of the muscarinic K+ conductance are not determined by ligand-receptor binding, but rather by a subsequent sequence of two (or more) steps with a high activation energy. PMID- 6978384 TI - HLA profiles in multiple sclerosis suggest two forms of disease and the existence of protective haplotypes. AB - 261 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were HLA-A and -B typed and 94 were HLA-D typed. The results were compared to those of controls typed for HLA-A; HLA-B (356) and HLA-D (113). We confirm and extend earlier findings (Oger et al. 1980b) that some phenotypes could modulate the expression of the MS susceptibility gene linked to B7-DR2: DR3 was found together with DR2 in 12/94 MS and only 3/113 controls and could be marker for an "augmentor" gene. In contrast, B35 and DR1 as well as B12 and DR7 could be markers of protector genes. We compared typing results of patients subgrouped on clinical features. 61 patients with progressive evolution showed increased A1, A1-B8, B8-DR3 and A1-B8-DR3 when compared to 200 patients with remitting evolution. When compared to controls both groups showed increased B7 but only the remitting group showed increased DR2. 71 patients with "benign MS" showed increased B7-DR2 and A3-B7-DR2. 54 patients with "severe disease" showed increased DR3 and A1-B8-DR3 when compared to controls. Both groups showed increased B7 (49.2% and 44.4% versus 25.5% for controls). 120 patients treated greater than 5 years with azathioprine were divided into "no progression" and "progression" while treated. Both groups showed increased B7 when compared to controls. DR2 was increased only in the "no progression" group. B8-DR3 and A1-B8-DR3 were found increased in the "progression" group only. We conclude that two forms of MS exist with different HLA profiles. PMID- 6978385 TI - Hypothalamic-immune interactions. Effect of hypophysectomy on neuroimmunomodulation. AB - Electrolyte destruction of certain nuclei of the brain cause specific structural and functional changes in the immune system. Lesions in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area result in thymic involution and a decrease in the number and blastogenic reactivity of splenocytes. In contrast, lesions in the hippocampus increase thymic and splenic mitogenic responsiveness and cellularity. Hypophysectomy abrogates all changes in splenocyte number and function induced by hypothalamic and limbic lesions. The effects of ablating the hippocampus and amygdaloid complex on thymocyte number and function also are abolished. Hypothalamic lesions in hypophysectomized animals result in an increase in the number of thymocytes but suppressed mitogenic activity. These data indicated that neuroimmunomodulation is mediated predominantly but not exclusively by the pituitary gland. PMID- 6978386 TI - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and other agranular reticulum in frog retinal photoreceptors. AB - Frog retinal photoreceptors are favourable material for studying a number of unresolved issues concerning the interconnections, three-dimensional organization and functions of intracellular membrane systems in neurons. At least two distinct regions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) are present in these cells. One region, the subellipsoid SER, is located in rod cells at the base of the mitochondria-rich ellipsoid region, and is comprised of arrays of stacked tubules which exhibit frequent continuities with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The subellipsoid SER is also present throughout the ellipsoid region and at the apex of the inner segment. The second region of SER, the axonal SER, is comprised of agranular sacs and tubules present in the axons of rod cells, the perinuclear and Golgi regions of rod and cone cells and the synaptic terminals of rod and cone cells. There sacs and tubules exhibit continuities with cisternae of RER and with the nuclear envelope. Serial section analyses indicate that this SER can extend as a continuous networking along the entire length of the rod axons and throughout synaptic terminals. The axonal SER is distinct from the subellipsoid SER not only in location and morphology but also in its ability to bind divalent lead ions, a property it shares with synaptic vesicles, with agranular sacs at one face to the Golgi apparatus and with sacs extending from the Golgi apparatus toward the axons hillock. These latter sacs may serve in transport from the Golgi region to the axon. The axons SER in the axon, terminals, and the perinuculear and Golgi regions appear to be a source of synaptic vesicles as evidenced by this lead binding capacity and by the observation of vesicles, with the size (50-75 nm) and appearance of synaptic vesicles, budding from SER in direct continuity, with RER. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in synaptic terminals of frog photoreceptors is not continuous with endocytic structures found in the same region, such as blunt-ended tubules or anastomosing networks of tubules. Nor does the ER acquire exogenous horseradish peroxidase. These observations suggest that the ER does not play a direct role in membrane recycling in photoreceptors. PMID- 6978388 TI - A nonlinear model of semicircular canal primary afferents in bullfrog. PMID- 6978387 TI - Vestibular (semicircular canal) primary neurons in bullfrog: nonlinearity of individual and population response to rotation. PMID- 6978389 TI - Radiofrequency neurolysis in a clinical model. PMID- 6978390 TI - Cerebellar stimulation for cerebral palsy-placebo. PMID- 6978391 TI - A contiguous-slice design for single-photon emission tomography (SPECT). AB - Recent multislice, single-photon emission tomographic systems produce nonoverlapping transverse-section images, requiring repositioning of the patient and repeated studies to obtain a complete set of cross-sectional data. A complete, overlapping set of transverse-section images can be obtained by designing a collimator with alternating, staggered centerlines that are offset in the slice dimension. PMID- 6978392 TI - Sick joints in sick patients. PMID- 6978393 TI - [Polymorphism of acemetacin, a new antiinflammatory drug (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978395 TI - Mechanics and energetics of contraction in striated muscle of the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus. AB - 1. Mechanics and energetics of contraction in the striated adductor muscle of the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, were determined and compared to a more conventional muscle preparation, the semitendinosus muscle of the frog, Rana pipiens. Experiments were conducted at 10 degrees C. 2. Scallop and frog striated muscle exhibited similar isometric twitch kinetics, heat coefficients (ratio of force produced to energy liberated), and twitch to tetanus ratios. 3. There were significant differences between scallop and frog muscle in that scallop muscle demonstrated a 30% lower isometric force, an inability to maintain force during a tetanus, and a transient decrease in economy of force development in a twitch after a tetanus, i.e. a decrease in the isometric heat coefficient. PMID- 6978394 TI - Surface potentials and sodium entry in frog skin epithelium. AB - 1. The effects which alterations in the surface potential of the apical membrane of isolated Rana catesbeiana skin have on Na entry were examined. 2. Changes in the external ionic strength have little effect upon the rate of Na transport across the frog skin epithelium. 3. Uranyl ion (UO2(2+), 2.5 mM) induces a +145 mV change in the surface potential of phosphatidylserine monolayers, and a +60mV change in the surface potential of monolayers made from phosphatidylcholine. 4. UO2(2+) inhibits the short-circuit current (Isc) by a maximum of 20% in R. catesbeiana skin, while stimulating Isc by 40% in R. temporaria skin. Neither Isc stimulation nor inhibition by UO2(2+) can be seen in the presence of 10(-4) M amiloride. 5. From points 1 and 2 above, we conclude that the surface charge density in the neighbourhood of the Na-selective entry site located in the apical membrane is small (greater than 1e-/600 A2). The results obtained using UO2(2+) suggest that Na entry is not affected by changes in the membrane surface potential. PMID- 6978396 TI - The energy liberation of frog skeletal muscle in tetanic contractions containing two periods of shortening. AB - 1. Heat and work production have been measured in pairs of frog sartorius muscles undergoing two periods of rapid isovelocity shortening at 0 degrees C. The first (conditioning) shortening occurred in the sarcomere length range 2.70--2.25 micrometer (as measured in resting muscles) and the second (test) shortening in the range 2.25--2.10 micrometer. The shortening heat associated with the test shortening was obtained as the difference in heat production between pairs of tetani which were identical except for the presence of the test shortening. 2. The shortening heat associated with the test shortening was reduced when it was preceded by the conditioning shortening; with no interval between shortenings its value was 52 +/- 3% (mean +/- S.E. of mean, n = 6) of that without the conditioning shortening. As the interval between shortenings was increased the shortening heat became larger; its recovery was more than half complete with an interval of 0.3 sec. 3. The work produced in the test shortening was also reduced in tetani which contained the conditioning shortening; its dependence on the interval between shortenings was similar to that of the shortening heat. PMID- 6978397 TI - The dependence on extent of shortening of the extra energy liberated by rapidly shortening frog skeletal muscle. AB - 1. Pairs of frog sartorius muscles were stimulated for 2 sec at 0 degrees C, after 1 sec of isometric contraction, were released at a constant velocity. The total excess heat (shortening heat) and work associated with the release were determined by comparison with isometric control tetani. 2. Shortening heat and work production were non-linearly related to the distance shortened. There was proportionally more energy liberation for smaller releases. 3. The dependence of shortening heat on muscle length was investigated within the sarcomere length range 2.1--2.6 micrometer (as measured in resting muscle) and was found to be similar to that of isometric tension. 4. A simple model in which heat and work are produced in a two-state cycle can describe these and previous results concerning the energetics of rapidly shortening muscle. PMID- 6978398 TI - High-energy phosphate metabolism and energy liberation associated with rapid shortening in frog skeletal muscle. AB - 1. High-energy phosphate metabolism and energy liberated as heat and work were measured in 3 sec tetani of frog sartorius muscles at 0 degrees C.2. Three contraction periods were studied: (a) shortening at near-maximum velocity for 0.3 sec from sarcomere length 2.6 to 1.8 mum, beginning after 2 sec of isometric stimulation, (b) the 0.7 sec isometric period immediately following such rapid shortening, (c) the period from 2 to 3 sec in an isometric tetanus at sarcomere length 1.8 mum.3. There were no significant changes in levels of ATP, ADP or AMP in any contraction period. The observed changes in inorganic phosphate and creatine levels indicated that the only significant reaction occurring was phosphocreatine splitting.4. The mean rate of high-energy phosphate splitting during rapid shortening, 0.48 +/- 0.24 mumole/g.sec (mean +/- s.e. of mean, n = 29; ;g' refers to blotted muscle weight), was not significantly different from that in the 1 sec period in the isometric tetanus, 0.32 +/- 0.11 mumole/g.sec (n = 17). The mean rate in the post-shortening period, 0.71 +/- 0.10 mumole/g.sec (n = 22), was greater than that in the 1 sec period in the isometric tetanus, and this difference is significant (P < 0.02, t test).5. A large quantity of heat plus work was produced during the rapid shortening period, but less than half of this could be accounted for by simultaneous chemical reactions. The unexplained enthalpy production was 6.5 +/- 2.6 mJ/g (mean +/- s.e. of mean). No significant unexplained enthalpy was produced in the 1 sec period in the isometric tetanus.6. In the post-shortening period the observed enthalpy was less, by 6.2 +/- 2.6 mJ/g, than that expected from the simultaneous chemical reactions.7. The results are interpreted in terms of an exothermic shift in the population of cross-bridge states during rapid shortening. It is suggested that a relatively slow subsequent step prevents many of these cross-bridges from completing the cycle and splitting ATP until after the end of shortening. PMID- 6978399 TI - A comparative study of charge movement in rat and frog skeletal muscle fibres. AB - 1. The middle of the fibre voltage--clamp technique (Adrian & Marshall, 1977), modified where necessary for electrically short muscle fibres, has been used to measure non-linear charge movements in mammalian fast twitch (rat extensor digitorum longus), mammalian slow twitch (rat soleus) and frog (sartorius) muscles. 2. The maximum amount of charge moved in mammalian fast twitch muscle at 2 degrees C in hypertonic solution, was 3--5 times greater than in slow twitch muscle. The voltage distribution of fast twitch charge was 10--15 mV more positive when compared to slow twitch. 3. In both mammalian muscle types hypertonic Ringer solution negatively shifted the voltage distribution of charge some 6 mV. The steepness of charge moved around mechanical threshold was unaffected by hypertonicity. 4. The amount of charge in frog sartorius fibres at 2 degrees C in hypertonic solution was about half of that in rat fast twitch muscle; the voltage distribution of the frog charge was similar to rat soleus muscle. 5. Warming between 2 and 15 degrees C had no effect on either the amount of steady-state distribution of charge in mammalian or frog muscles. 6. At 2 degrees C, the kinetics of charge movement in fast and slow twitch mammalian muscles were similar and 2--3 times faster than frog muscle at the same temperature. In fast and slow mammalian fibres at 2 degrees C similar times were taken to shift the same fractions of the total amount of charge. The Q10 of charge movement kinetics was between 1.2 and 2.0 in the three muscles studied. PMID- 6978400 TI - Desensitization at the frog neuromuscular junction: a biphasic process. AB - 1. The desensitization of the cholinergic receptor has been investigated at the frog neuromuscular junction. The agonist was either perfused or applied by ionophoresis.2. In all situations, desensitization develops in two phases: a fast one, experimentally in the second range but likely to be briefer, and a slower one, which extends over tens of seconds.3. When the presence of the agonist is prolonged, desensitization approaches a steady state, estimated through the amplitude of a test response. In steady-state conditions, this amplitude depends upon the desensitizing agonist concentration. The dose-response curve for desensitization induced by carbachol (CCh) indicates that half of the receptors can be desensitized at room temperature in the presence of 2.3 mum-CCh. The shape of the curve suggests that one desensitized receptor can bind two CCh molecules.4. The recovery from desensitization, estimated with a repetitive test pulse, displays two exponential phases. The time constant of the fast phase is 11 12 sec, and 4-5 min for the slow phase, regardless of the concentration or the nature of the agonist (acetylcholine or carbachol).5. The factor which most strikingly affects the relative amplitudes of the fast and slow phases of recovery is the duration of the (desensitizing) agonist application. Desensitizations lasting a few seconds are followed by a ;fast' recovery, whereas the slow phase of recovery is prominent when the agonist has been applied for more than 2 min.6. The fast and slow phases of desensitization onset and offset are not due to independent causes but are coupled: in given conditions, the onset can be essentially fast, and the recovery slow.7. All our findings can fit in a cyclic scheme of desensitization, derived from the one of Katz & Thesleff (1957) with two modifications: whether activatable or desensitized, one receptor molecule would have two agonist binding sites; moreover, the desensitized receptor would exist in two distinct and interconverting conformations: D(1), giving rise to the fast phases of onset and offset, and D(2), responsible for the existence of the slow components of desensitization. PMID- 6978401 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein and chorionic gonadotrophin levels following conception. AB - Levels of pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) and beta-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) were measured in the plasma of 22 subjects in early pregnancy following spontaneous or induced ovulation. Minimum baseline levels for pregnancy detection were set at 4 microgram/liter for SP1 an 15 IU/liter for beta-hCG. Using these levels, in some cases SP1 was detectable by day 17 following ovulation and beta-hCG by day 13. All patients were diagnosed as pregnant by day 20 using SP1 and by day 18 using beta-hCG. Both placental proteins had similar doubling times in the plasma. These was no difference between pregnancies following spontaneous and induced ovulation. Until accurate normal ranges can be obtained, there will be problems of interpretation of levels near the limits of the sensitivities of the assay in clinical situations. PMID- 6978402 TI - Thyroid dysfunction and rheumatic diseases. AB - Musculoskeletal symptoms developing during the treatment of thyroid disease were studied in 150 patients; 17 developed a symptom complex of early morning stiffness together with shoulder girdle pain and weakness; similar symptoms were seen in only 3 of 100 controls. A prospective study of 16 patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis followed during the first 6 months of penicillamine therapy showed no changes in thyroid function tests. It is suggested that changing or abnormal thyroid status may precipitate or exacerbate musculoskeletal disease. Finally, in a retrospective study of 26 patients with both thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis, 4 patients had a simultaneous onset of both myxoedema and rheumatoid arthritis, the activity of which was greatly improved by correction of the hypothyroid state. PMID- 6978403 TI - Histiocytosis X with unusual facial and axillary ulceration responding to topical nitrogen mustard. PMID- 6978405 TI - Effect of whole-body hyperthermia on delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to oxazolone in mice. AB - A murine model of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity has been used to study an effect of microwave whole-body hyperthermia on the immune system. Marked suppression of immune responsiveness was observed in mice exposed to repeated sessions of hyperthermia. Cell proliferation in regional lymph nodes of mice sensitized with oxazolone was significantly impaired as measured by uptake of 125I-iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR). The proportion of theta-positive cells and the total number of lymph node lymphocytes remained unchanged. Inhibition of proliferation of lymph node lymphocytes in vivo was accompanied by a decrease in mitogen-induced stimulation of lymphocytes in vitro. In particular the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response of T cells was affected by hyperthermia. It is concluded that whole-body hyperthermia can be a potent immunosuppressive factor. PMID- 6978404 TI - Lymphocytotoxic activity in primary glomerulonephritis: evidence for immune complex-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Sera from 84 patients with primary glomerulonephritis (GN) were tested for lymphocytotoxic activity (LCA) against panels of (a) normal peripheral lymphocytes and (b) B-lymphocytes obtained from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL). Significant LCA was found particularly in minimal change GN, acute post-streptococcal GN (AGN-PS) and mesangiocapillary GN (MCGN) where 62%, 75% and 45% respectively of samples were positive. No correlation was observed between LCA and levels of C3 or immune complexes. All but three positive sera showed reactivity against T and B cells; these three showed only T cell cytotoxicity. Fractionation of 6 sera (2 minimal change GN; 2 AGN-PS; 2 MCGN) on Sephadex G200 showed cell killing to reside in the exclusion peak. When samples were separated under dissociating conditions at pH 3.0, there was significant reduction in LCA (P less than 0.001) compared to that of fractions collected at pH 7.2. The same protocol did not affect the lymphocytotoxicity of anti-human lymphocyte globulin. The data suggest that lymphocyte killing in GN is mediated at least in part by antigen/antibody complex activity. The reaction is immunochemically similar to that seen in systemic lupus erythematosus and may have comparable implications for antibody regulation in GN. PMID- 6978406 TI - Increased double marker lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus and lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - In this study we were able to confirm the presence of double marker lymphocytes (D cells) in human peripheral blood from normal subjects in addition to patients with SLE and malignant lymphoma. Quantitation of D cells and Null lymphocytes (N cells) in peripheral blood was not feasible via conventional rosette methods. The present combination method, using two indicators, neuraminidase treated sheep red blood cells (nSRBC) and Immunobeads, allows for simultaneous demonstration of T, B, N and D lymphocytes in a simple reproducible manner. The mean percentage of the D cell counts with this method was 1.8% of total lymphocytes from normal donors, 7.0% in patients with SLE, and 29.2% in patients with malignant lymphoma. The simultaneous quantitation of T, B and N cells in these blood samples was compared to the results of conventional methods, i.e. E rosettes for T cells and EAC rosettes for B cells, which gave similar results. This combination method for simultaneous enumeration of human peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations may offer significant advances in the study and diagnosis of various clinical entities. PMID- 6978407 TI - Immunoregulation by alpha 1 antitrypsin. AB - alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) deficiency is a common genetic disorder seen in about 10% of the population. It predisposes to the development of a large number of inflammatory and immunologic disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile chronic arthritis, anterior uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis, fibrosing alveolitis and emphysema. We have investigated immunologic function in subjects with severe alpha 1 AT deficiency and demonstrated serum mediated enhancement of lymphocyte response to PHA and increased zymosan activation of mononuclear cells and neutrophils as measured by their chemiluminescence. These patients also have accelerated delayed hypersensitivity responses and increased levels of factor B, C3 and C5 but normal levels of immunoglobulin and other complement components. Such abnormalities in immunoregulation demonstrate a tendency to hyperreactivity that may contribute to disease predisposition. PMID- 6978408 TI - A proposed method for the determination of cerebral regional intermediary glucose metabolism in humans in vivo using specifically labeled 11C-glucose and positron emission transverse tomography (PETT). I. An animal model with 14C-glucose and rat brain autoradiography. AB - Based upon data obtained with our arterio-venous technique for the determination of cerebral metabolism in humans in vivo we have proposed a method for the determination of cerebral regional intermediary glucose metabolism in humans in vivo using specifically labeled 11C-glucose and positron emission transverse tomography (PETT). In it we would give the subject successive intravenous injections of [3,4-11C] glucose, [2,5-11C] glucose and [1-11C] glucose. There would be a 30 min period of continuous PETT measurements following each injection and a 2 hr interval after the first and second injections. The data would be used with suitable equations and algorithms to estimate for each specific region of the subject's brain the dynamics of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolic pathways and the incorporation of glucose carbons into lactate, and the extent of dilution of glucose carbons into lactate, and the extent of dilution of glucose carbons in traversing the TCA with their subsequent incorporation into other carbon pools of the brain (ie, glutamate, glutamine, GABA, alanine). Using 14C as a model for 11C and autoradiographs made with rat brain slices, we have produced an animal model to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method. The resulting autoradiographs have provided evidence of the validity of the predictions made from our arterio venous data. The model was employed to show the selective reductions in the rates of incorporation of specific carbon atoms of glucose into regions of the rat brain and evidence of altered metabolic pathways following a single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and after a series of nine ECS. PMID- 6978410 TI - Monoclonal antibodies: key to a revolution in clinical medicine. PMID- 6978409 TI - The presence of Schistosoma mansoni in Montserrat Leeward Islands. AB - Following the discovery in two villages in Montserrat of five individuals who were passing Schistosoma mansoni ova in their stools, a house to house survey was undertaken in November 1978 to determine the prevalence of the infection. From 158 persons residing in the two villages 137 faecal samples were received. Of these 14% were positive for S. mansoni ova. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed on finger-prick blood samples collected on chromatography paper. In the ELISA 16% of the 132 persons tested were positive. In comparison with the stool examination, the ELISA showed a 53% sensitivity and a 92% specificity. It was recommended that the individuals passing schistosome eggs should be treated. PMID- 6978411 TI - Incidence of death during jogging in Rhode Island from 1975 through 1980. AB - In the six years from 1975 through 1980, a total of 12 men died during jogging in the state of Rhode Island. The cause of death in 11 was coronary heart disease (CHD). One man died of an acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The prevalence of jogging in the Rhode Island population was determined using a random-digit telephone survey. Among men aged 30 through 64 years, 7.4% +/- 2.6% (mean +/- SEE) reported jogging at least twice a week. The incidence of death during jogging for men of this age group was one death per year for every 7,620 joggers, or approximately one death per 396,000 man-hours of jogging. This rate is seven times the estimated death rate from CHD during more sedentary activities in Rhode Island and suggests that exercise contributes to sudden death in susceptible persons. The occurrence of only one death per 7,620 joggers per year demonstrates that the risk of exercise is small and suggests that the routine exercise testing of healthy subjects before exercise training in not justified. PMID- 6978412 TI - [Studies on 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin dry syrup in pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have carried out some studies on MOM dry syrup in the field of pediatrics and the results were as follows. 1. After oral administration of MOM at 20 mg/kg, the serum level peaked at 30 minutes and MOM could still be detected in the serum at up to 4 hours. The half-life was 0.67 hour. The urinary recovery rate of MOM was 1.43% up to 6 hours after this oral administration. 2. The clinical efficacy rates with MOM continuous treatment at a daily dose of 19.4 to 50.0 mg/kg (almost about 30 mg/kg) were 85.7% for upper respiratory tract infections, 66.7% for lower respiratory tract infections and 95.7% for Mycoplasma pneumonia. 3. It was easy to administer MOM orally even to the younger children. Although MOM was administered for 4 to 21 days, no side effects were observed locally or systemically except for transient slight diarrhea. These results confirmed the usefulness of MOM in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in children. PMID- 6978413 TI - [Clinical results of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - MOM was administered at a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg q.i.d. orally to 65 pediatric patients. These consisted of 37 cases of acute feverish respiratory tract infection, 13 cases of Mycoplasma infection, 1 case of scarlet fever and 14 cases of whooping cough. Forty pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the 37 patients with acute feverish respiratory tract infection and 1 pathogenic bacteria was isolated from the patient with scarlet fever. Thirty-five of these clinical isolates disappeared as a result of MOM administration. For these 65 cases, the clinical efficacy was good in 51 cases (78.5%), fair in 5 cases (all whooping cough) and poor in 9 cases. Twelve strains of St. pyogenes were isolated from 12 cases and 3 of these isolates persisted (25%). Ten strains of S. aureus were isolated from 10 cases and 1 of these isolates persisted. Superinfection was observed in 3 cases, 2 of which were the same species. Although the clinical effect in the 40 mg/kg/day treatment group was superior to the effects in the 20 mg/kg/day and 30 mg/kg/day treatment groups, the difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 6978414 TI - [An autopsy case of adult T-cell leukemia complicated with hypercalcemia--the in vitro production of parathyroid hormone by the leukemic cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978415 TI - [Retroperitoneal malignant T-cell lymphoma--a case report]. PMID- 6978416 TI - The induction and elicitation of disease in human skin: personal adventures. PMID- 6978417 TI - [Usefulness of emission CT in the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978419 TI - [Emission computed tomography, using rotating gamma camera, of tumor image with 67Ga-citrate--detection of involved lesions in malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978418 TI - [Value and limitation of seven-pinhole emission tomography with thallium-201 in patients with prior myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978420 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with IgA deficiency and appearance with febrile episode. AB - A 24-year-old female had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis since the age of 3, with systemic manifestations such as fever, polyarthralgia, micrognathia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, subcutaneous nodules, hidden rheumatoid factor of IgG type. Particularly noteworthy is selective IgA deficiency in this patient, with increases in concentration up to 50 mg/dl in the serum concurrently with the repeated febrile attacks in the clinical course. PMID- 6978421 TI - Collagen diseases: its diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatments. PMID- 6978422 TI - Hypoglycemia, hypopotassemia and hyperleukocytosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. AB - We studied a patient with lung cancer, who exhibited severe systemic derangements of metabolism causing cachexia preceding the appearance of a large bulky tumor. The data described herein left no doubt that lung cancer growing in the patient acted as a powerful hypoglycemic factor, setting in motion widespread metabolic disorders. Inappropriate secretion of insulin may be involved in the manifestation of hypoglycemia. However, no ectopic secretion of insulin, glucagon, ACTH and aldosterone appeared to be associated with the carcinoma in the patient. From the present and previous observations, it is stressed that progressive energy loss from the patient occurs by virtue of a combination of severe anorexia and the establishment of a systemic energy-losing cycle dependent on an interplay of glycolysis in the cancer cells and stimulated gluconeogenesis in the host tissues, which in turn results in derangements of protein, lipid and electrolyte metabolism. Attempts to ameliorate the patient's distress and counterbalance the effect of the tumor by parenteral hyperalimentation were not satisfactory and resulted in only a temporary improvement. This study also demonstrated that marked granulocytosis was the result of production of an excess granulopoietic colony stimulating activity by the cancer cells. PMID- 6978424 TI - TG cell involvement in the leukocyte adherence inhibition phenomenon. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), T-cells, non-T-cells, TG cells, and TM cells were tested for leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) reactivity to purified protein derivative (PPD) in normal human volunteers to determine the reactive cell subfractions. T-cells were separated by sheep red blood cell rosetting and TM and TG cells by rosetting with anti-ox red blood cell (ORBC) IgM- and IgG treated ORBC. Fresh PBMC, T-cells, and TG cells gave positive LAI reactivity to PPD in PPD-positive donors only. PBMC that had undergone 24-hour incubation or extensive washing, non-T-cells, and TM cells were unreactive. All cell subfractions were negative in PPD-negative donors. Indirect LAI assay was performed on the spent media from overnight incubation of unstimulated PBMC and also following a 1-hour incubation of the various cell subfractions obtained from a PPD-reactive donor with PPD. Positive reactions, indicating the release of an LAI factor (LAIF), were obtained with the spent media and with the T-cell and TG cell subfractions following PPD stimulation, whereas non-T-cell and TM cell subfractions yielded no reactivity. Incubation of sensitized T-cells with PPD in the presence of cycloheximide and preincubation of T-cells for 24 hours with cycloheximide before PPD exposure failed to inhibit LAI reactivity. These data suggest that T-cells, specifically TG cells, can release LAIF upon specific antigen stimulation with PPD, whereas non-T-cell and TM cell subpopulations fail to respond to the same stimulus. LAIF may also be released into the culture media with prolonged (overnight) incubation in artificial media or with extensive washing. Inhibition of protein synthesis during antigen exposure or up to 24 hours before antigen exposure does not appear to inhibit LAI reactivity. PMID- 6978423 TI - Obstructing esophageal hematoma mimicking cancer: a case report and experimental study. AB - In this paper the 10th case of esophageal hematoma, a rare variant of the Mallory Weiss syndrome, is reported. The radiographic study strongly suggested an obstructing neoplasm, however, this hematoma disappeared within five days and this same rapid disappearance was noted in dogs in which esophageal hematomas were induced. Fiberoptic esophagoscopy provides a clue to the diagnosis since the mural hematoma is differentiated from carcinoma by its dark color. PMID- 6978425 TI - [Comparison of the cumulative survival among patient groups with a left main coronary artery lesion after surgical and therapeutic treatment]. AB - In order to evaluate survival patterns in patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease, 1492 patients with LMCA disease admitted to the U. S. Collaborative Study on Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS) were followed up. Of the 1492 patients, 1183 (79%) underwent coronary artery bypass (CABG) with an operative mortality of 4.2% and an average of 2.7 grafts/patient inserted. Allocation to surgery was by patient and physician preference and not random. Surgical patients generally had more severe angina, a higher prevalence of beta blocker usage, worse ventricular function and more severe LMCA stenosis than medically treated patients. Overall (4 years) survival of the surgical group was 88% compared to 63% in the medical group (p less than 0.001). Other independent predictors of mortality included angiographic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction score, age, % LMCA stenosis, hypertension, dominance, and presence of significant right coronary artery (RCA) stenosis greater than or equal to 50%. CABG was not shown to significantly improve survival in women, in LMCA patients with left dominant circulation, in LMCA patients with non-diseases dominant or balanced RCA circulation or in LMCA patients with greater than or equal to 50% RCA stenosis but good LV function. These data indicate that CABG prolongs life in most patients with left main coronary artery disease, particularly those with severe LMCA narrowing or severe LV dysfunction, however, subgroups of LMCA patients are identifiable who may fare with medical treatment alone. PMID- 6978426 TI - [Operation for replacing coronary vessels: scientific and clinical aspects]. AB - The paper discusses the modern status of the problem of aorto-coronary bypass in ischaemic heart disease. The good and the weak sides of both surgical and medicinal treatment are considered. The diagnostic value of invasive and noninvasive methods is discussed from the point of view of indications for aorto coronary bypass. Data on the survival of patients after surgery are given, late prognosis and outcomes of surgical treatment are presented. PMID- 6978427 TI - Glomerular localization of circulating antiglobulin activity in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia with glomerulonephritis. AB - Kidney biopsy samples from 27 patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia of the IgG-IgM(k) type and glomerulonephritis were studied to assess whether glomerular immunodeposits display antiglobulin (AG) activity similar to that of serum cryo-IgM. A preparation of heat-aggregated human IgG (FAIgG) was used to search for tissue AG activity, and blocking tests and reactivity tests were carried out to define the nature of this activity. Glomerular localization of FAIgG was observed in 17 out of 27 kidney specimens, the positive findings being always associated with IgM deposits. Prior exposure of tissue sections to anti IgM serum blocked the FAIgG reaction, but no such effect was produced by the pretreatment with other antisera. The positive FAIgG tissue specimens yielded a similar fluorescence pattern with aggregated alkylated-reduced IgG, but did not react at all with the aggregated F(ab')2 or aggregated albumin. The IgM recovered in the eluate of a kidney biopsy specimen displayed AG activity. Patients with AG deposits showed more severe histologic changes and a greater renal functional impairment than did those without. The data support the notion that circulating cryo-IgM anti-IgG participates in the formation of glomerular immunodeposits and in the genesis of renal damage. PMID- 6978428 TI - [Perspective on future developments of intravenous hypnotic agents]. PMID- 6978429 TI - Regional left ventricular function in the three main coronary artery territories at rest and during exercise. AB - Twenty consecutive patients (mean age 51.6 years) with persistent severe angina pectoris underwent aorto-coronary bypass surgery receiving an overall of 60 anastomosis. On an average, 9.4 +/- 1.5 months p.o. first pass radionuclide ventriculograms (18 to 24 mCi 99m Technetium-Pertechnetate i.v.) were performed at rest and after exercise. Besides measurement of global ejection fraction (GEF), regional ejection fraction (REF) was assessed employing for the first time a new technique: each RAO-view of p.o. radionuclide left ventriculogram was subdivided into three regions according to supply of the three main coronary arteries and their branches as visualized on pre-operative coronary angiogram. GEF improved after maximum exercise in 13 cases by 8.1% points (from 50.4 to 58.5%), remained unchanged three times and decreased four times by 7.1 points (from 51.6 to 44.5%; all changes p less than 0.05). In completely revascularized regions (n = 35) REF improved 24 times by 9.7 points (from 51.1 to 60.8%), did not differ from rest REF six times and decreased in three case by 7.3 points (from 48.6 to 41.3%; all changes p less than 0.05). completely revascularized regions responded to exercise like normally perfused areas (increase 7.8 points (from 50.6 to 58.4%; n = 7; p less than 0.05). REF deteriorated in incompletely revascularized regions (n = 9) six times by 12.8 points (from 58.0 to 45.2%), remained unchanged twice and improved once by 4.5 points. Total group's REF decreased by 7.3 points (from 56.8 to 49.5%; p less than 0.05). Exercise REF of incompletely revascularized regions was highly significant inferior to that of completely revascularized regions (49.5 to 58.4%; p less than 0.01). GEF is a weighted balanced of the three regional ejection fractions. The most important parameter is REF of LAD territory. PMID- 6978431 TI - Glutamine requirements for purine metabolism in leukemic lymphoblasts. AB - The two pathways of purine metabolism that include glutamine-dependent reactions, purine synthesis de novo and guanine nucleotide synthesis, were studied in cultured lymphoblasts derived from patients with T cell (JM), B cell (BALL) or null cell (NALL) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). When glutamine was omitted from the incubation medium, purine synthesis de novo, measured by the incorporation of 14C-formate into purine compounds, was depressed to barely measurable rates in BALL and NALL cells, but proceeded at moderate though reduced rates in JM cells, when compared to synthesis in the presence of 2 mM glutamine. Similarly, the incorporation of 14C-hypoxanthine into guanine nucleotides was arrested at the glutamine-requiring XMP-aminase reaction in the BALL and NALL lines but not in the JM line, when exogenous glutamine was absent. The data suggest that glutamine deprivation, whether by omission from the culture medium in vitro or by glutaminase treatment in vivo, will have more profound biochemical consequences in B and null cell-derived ALL than in T All. PMID- 6978430 TI - [Importance of luminescence microscopic, immunological and morphological examinations in interpreting the structure of the HBs-antigen carrier state]. PMID- 6978432 TI - Patient with acute B-cell leukemia of Burkitt's type (L3) and marker chromosomes including an (8;14) translocation. AB - A 20-year-old man with acute B-cell leukemia of Burkitt's type (L3) presenting unusual debut symptoms with jaw involvement is reported. The leukemic cells revealed chromosomal abnormalities including four marker chromosomes [1q+, 6q-, t(8;14)]. PMID- 6978433 TI - Chronic T-cell leukemias. II. Cytogenetic studies. AB - Chromosome abnormalities were documented in the PHA-stimulated lymphoid cells from 10 patients with chronic T-cell leukemias (6 T-PLL, 3 T-CLL and 1 T-LCL). One or more marker chromosomes were present in most metaphases in every case of T PLL but they were different in each case. Structural abnormalities were also observed in T-CLL and T-LCL but less consistently. Chromosomes involved in marker formation in two or more cases were: Nos. 2, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 16. The karyotype was hypodiploid in five cases and hyperdiploid in two. Chromosomes Nos. 2 and 8 were the most frequently involved in structural and numerical abnormalities: Nos. 8 in 2 T-CLL and the 6 T-PLL and No. 2 in 1 T-CLL, 1 T-LCL and 5 T-PLL. Abnormalities of chromosome No. 2 are rare in human neoplastic disease but may be common in T-lymphoproliferative disorders. The differences between T-PLL and T CLL reported here may have some bearing on the clinical features. T-PLL, characterised in all cases by clonal abnormalities, has an aggressive clinical course. In contrast, T-CLL with less consistent karyotypic changes has a protracted and benign clinical evolution. PMID- 6978434 TI - Studies on chronic myeloid leukemia cell populations with colony-forming abilities in PHA-leukocyte feeder and Robinson assays. AB - Investigation of leukemic colony-forming cells (CFC) in PHA-supplemented cultures requires removal of T lymphocyte precursors prior to culture. Using a method of discontinuous density gradient centrifugation with concurrent depletion of E rosette forming cells, T lymphocytes were effectively separated from light density CML bone marrow and blood cell fractions. Consequently, in light density fractions (1.056 and 1.059 g/ml) pure leukemic colony growth was obtained in the PHA-leukocyte feeder (PHA-l.f.) assay. Fraction 1.062 g/ml also yielded pure leukemic colonies in most experiments. Comparison of the density distributions of leukemic PHA-l.f. CFC and Robinson CFC revealed that both CFC populations had congruent density profiles in most patients. In others PHA-l.f. CFC were found to be of somewhat higher density than Robinson CFC. The most striking divergence was apparent in a patient in blast crisis. The findings suggest that different subsets of precursor cells within the CML population proliferate in PHA-l.f. and Robinson colony methods. Both colony techniques are thus potentially useful for discriminating subpopulations of colony-forming cells in chronic myeloid leukemia. PMID- 6978436 TI - Recognition of easily missed bleeding diseases. PMID- 6978435 TI - Regulation of granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor production by phytohaemagglutinin-treated blood mononuclear cells. AB - The colony-stimulating activity (CSA) of medium conditioned by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated blood mononuclear cells was tested using granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) from normal bone marrow. Low concentrations of the conditioned medium stimulated granulocytic colony-forming cells (CFC) which formed colonies by the seventh day of incubation; higher concentrations stimulated the formation of macrophage colonies which were not seen until the end of the second week in culture. The colony-stimulating activities could not be demonstrated in adherent cell-depleted bone marrow cultures. This dependence of activity on adherent cells was confirmed by incubating different concentrations of conditioned medium with isolated adherent cells and then testing for colony-stimulating activity in cultures of non adherent bone marrow cells. The activities of conditioned media following exposure to adherent cells corresponded to the results seen when the conditioned medium from PHA-stimulated mononuclear cell cultures was used to stimulate agar cultures of unseparated marrow. The results suggest that PHA-responsive mononuclear cells (probably T lymphocytes) may modulate the regulation of colony stimulating factor (CSF) production by adherent colony-stimulating cells (CSC). PMID- 6978438 TI - [Anti-DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978437 TI - Effects of picrotoxin on sensitivity and receptive field properties of ganglion cells in the frog retina. AB - Action potentials of single ganglion cells were recorded with microelectrodes in excised and opened frog (Rana temporaria L.) eyes before and after picrotoxin application. Area threshold curves were measured both before and after drug application. The drug decreased or abolished the lateral inhibition observed when the cones and green rods were stimulated in the inhibitory receptive fields. In the response pattern interruption often occurs after the first action potentials. Picrotoxin shortened this pause and lengthened the subsequent train of action potentials, i.e., the cell responded with smooth and sustained discharges after picrotoxin application. Picrotoxin also temporarily decreased the sensitivity of the green rod-mediated signals from the excitatory receptive field. Picrotoxin decreased red rod-mediated sensitivity in the completely dark-adapted retina. After an 1-1.5% bleach of the rhodopsin in the dark-adapted eye, the early course of dark-adaptation was similar with and without picrotoxin but after drug application the adaptation curve levelled off at a higher threshold. The organization of the receptive field is discussed in relation to the anatomy, electrophysiology and histochemistry of the cells transmitting the signals from the receptors to the ganglion cells. The role of gamma aminobutyric acid as an inhibitory transmitter in the horizontal and amacrine cell layers is also considered. PMID- 6978439 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficit induced liver disease in a homozygous (ZZ) adult: familial study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978440 TI - [Starting a data processing system in a middle-sized surgical department (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978441 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. AB - More than 90% of all acute gastrointestinal bleeding is localized in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Manifestation of bleeding elucidates a life-threatening situation. An immediate planned approach with rapid resuscitation from shock, localization of the source of bleeding, estimation of the intensity of bleeding, and local control is necessary. The outcome is influenced more by patient factors and type of bleeding than by therapy. If local control of the source of bleeding is not feasible, a definitive procedure must be employed rapidly. PMID- 6978442 TI - [Stapling devices on stomach and small bowel (author's transl)]. AB - Sutures, blind closures, and anstomoses can be performed on the stomach and the small bowel with LDS, GIA, TA, and EEA staplers. The advantage of using these devices is a fast, clean operation, with safety comparable to the conventional technique. Leakage in sutures and anastomoses occur in 1% and after duodenal closure in 2.6%. Bleeding has been observed with the GIA and LDS staplers (0.7% 1%). Mortality is equal to the conventional technique. The time saved during operations and fewer infections justify the elevated costs of the stapling devices. PMID- 6978443 TI - [Staplers in colon surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Stapled ileocolic and colocolic anastomoses can compete with those conventionally handmade. The advantages and disadvantages of the Russian and American EEA staplers are compared. An investigation in 44 German hospitals showed a breakdown of the anastomosis in anterior resection in 11.9%; half of these cases were symptomatic. Although we observed a narrowing of the anastomosis roentgenologically in 15%, it became only clinically relevant in a few cases. With the staplers the duration of the operation can be reduced. Although colostomy is not recommended because the anastomosis eventually shrinks, very deep colorectal anastomoses are now possible with these devices. PMID- 6978444 TI - [Bone healing and dynamic interferential current (DIC) (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of this investigation was to clarify the influence of dynamic interferential current (DIC). Two sinusoidal currents of medium frequency are superimposed within the body to determine the reactive changes of bone healing after osteotomy. An osteotomy was performed on the radius and ulna of the right foreleg of 34 'black-head breeding sheep'. The radius shaft was deperiostalized and unstably fixed with a four-hole AO-plate leaving a gap of at least 1 mm width. DIC of different mA-values were not treated 24 sheep 3 times per week for 10 mins. The other 10 animals were not treated with DIC but used as control animals. The different results of our clinical, radiological, histological and chemical analyses to date indicate that callus formation is accelerated by the application of DIC. The fracture callus of treated animals is strongly mineralized. PMID- 6978445 TI - Panel discussion: pathogenesis of otitis media. Pathology and microbiology of otitis media. AB - Otitis media (OM) can be subdivided into purulent, serous, mucoid, and chronic forms. It may occur in the absence of tympanic membrane changes and involve the inner ear. Purulent otitis media is characterized early by edema, hyperemia, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in the subepithelial space (SES) and later by mucosal metaplasia, granulation tissue, and osteitis. S. pneumoniae and H. influenza are most commonly identified. Serous and mucoid OM frequently develop from eustachian tube dysfunction. Serous transudate from vessels in the SES passes to the middle ear (serous otitis media). Basal cells differentiate into goblet cells and subepithelial glandular formation occurs. This secretory activity, coupled with fluid reabsorption, results in a mucoid effusion. Bacteria can be cultured from about 30% of these effusions. Chronic otitis media denotes irreversible tissue pathology. It may be sterile although S. aureus and coliform bacteria are frequently isolated. PMID- 6978446 TI - [Isolated varicosis of the small intestine (without portal hypertension) causing massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding (author's transl)]. AB - A case report is given of a 24 year old patient who had relapsing massive gastrointestinal bleeding from varices in the duodenum and jejunum, due to occlusion of the mesenterial vein. There is only one similar case described in the literature. 97 patients with varices of the small intestine have been described; in 41 of these cases there was extrahepatic, in 47 intrahepatic portal hypertension. In 60 of the 91 cases varices were found in the duodenum, less frequently in the ileum or jejunum too. In another 10 cases varices had formed around an ileostomy. In 1/3 of all cases abdominal surgery had preceded formation of varices in the small intestine. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 6978447 TI - Identification of a particular B cell alloantigen associated with susceptibility to lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 6978448 TI - The epidemiological situation of leprosy in India. PMID- 6978449 TI - The epidemiological situation in South East Asia. PMID- 6978450 TI - The epidemiological situation in Africa. PMID- 6978452 TI - Separation of T and B lymphocytes by nylon fibre columns. PMID- 6978451 TI - The epidemiological situation in the Americas. PMID- 6978453 TI - Enzyme-linked immunoassay compared with electroimmunoassay for routine estimation of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (SP1) in sera during pregnancy. PMID- 6978454 TI - Partial normalization of B-cell function by levamisole in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6978455 TI - [Lipopolysaccharides and lipid A. II. Effects on cells]. PMID- 6978456 TI - Lymphocyte responsiveness to thymosin in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with lymphomatous transformation. AB - Lymphocytes from a patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with lymphomatous degeneration were tested in vitro for thymosin responsiveness. The percentage of lymphocytes forming spontaneous (E) rosettes to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was 37 and 32% in the absence of thymosin on two separate occasions. Lymphocytes incubated with thymosin formed rosettes in 55 and 43% when incubated with 0.1 micrograms/ml and 66 and 63% when incubated with 100 micrograms/ml, respectively. The patient subsequently received thymosin while in a preterminal condition. No clinical response to thymosin was apparent and lymphocytes tested 8 days after starting thymosin treatment demonstrated reduced thymosin responsiveness (31% without thymosin vs 37% with 100 micrograms/ml). The failure to respond clinically to thymosin treatment may be related to the preterminal condition. The in vitro responsiveness to thymosin suggests that thymosin effect should be examined earlier in the course of this disease process. PMID- 6978457 TI - The measurement of leukocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of cancer patients with solid tumors using monoclonal antibody reagents. AB - Monocyte and lymphocyte subsets were quantitated in the peripheral blood of normal subjects and patients with solid tumors using the monoclonal antibody reagents OKM1, BRL63D3, OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8. Percentages and numbers of cells reacting with monoclonal reagents were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence. Correlations between leukocyte subset values and stage of disease or immunocompetence were sought. No differences from normal were seen in the percentage of OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 cells or in the ratios of OKT4/OKT8 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from all cancer patients, patients with localized disease, or patients with advanced disease. A significant decrease in absolute numbers of lymphocytes, OKT3 cells, OKT4 cells, and OKT8 cells was seen in the peripheral blood of patients with advanced disease reflecting the absolute lymphopenia of these patients. A significant increase was seen in the percentages of PBMC reacting with OKM1 and BRL63D3 from patients with advanced disease compared with normal donors or localized disease patients. A positive correlation was found between PHA responsiveness and absolute numbers of OKT3 and OKT4 cells. A negative correlation was found between PHA responsiveness and percentages of OKM1 cells. These data indicate that malignant disease does not alter T cell subset percentages in patient peripheral blood but may decrease their absolute numbers in association with absolute lymphopenia. On the other hand, percentages of OKM1 and BRL63D3 cells are increased in patients with advanced solid tumors in association with impaired PHA responsiveness. PMID- 6978458 TI - [Hepatotoxic syndrome caused by erythromycin ethyl succinate]. PMID- 6978459 TI - C1q binding to antibody-coated cells: predictions from a simple multivalent binding model. PMID- 6978460 TI - Distinction between fixation of C1 and the activation of complement by natural IgM anti-hapten antibody: effect of cell surface hapten density. PMID- 6978461 TI - The International League Against Rheumatism. PMID- 6978462 TI - T gamma cells in Chediak-Higashi syndrome. PMID- 6978463 TI - T cells immortalized? PMID- 6978464 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of bacteriophage fd viral DNA. AB - An enzyme system with requirements similar to those for replication of phage fd replicative form (RF) DNA in bacteriophage fd-infected cells has been reconstituted with purified fd gene 2 protein, and DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, DNA binding protein I and rep-protein (rep-helicase) of Escherichia coli. The system generates viral circular single strands, which are infective for E. coli spheroplasts. Parental and newly synthesized DNA are covalently connected in early stages of replication, as expected for DNA replication using the rolling circle mechanism. Single-stranded tails of the rolling circle intermediates are cleaved after a full round of replication by gene 2 protein and circularized by the same enzyme molecule. PMID- 6978465 TI - [Localization of intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6978466 TI - [Peripherally acting analgesics during treatment with oral anticoagulants]. PMID- 6978467 TI - T-cell hybrids. II. BH2 line-derivation by fusion between two (BW5147 X EL-4R) thymoma lines. PMID- 6978468 TI - Comparison of gonadotroph, thyrotroph and mammotroph development in situ, in transplants and in organ culture. AB - This study was conducted to examine the role of the hypothalamus in development of gonadotrophs, thyrotrophs, and mammotrophs up to the time of birth in the rat. The development of the in situ newborn pituitary (22 days post-coitus; dpc) was compared with the development of 12 and 15 dpc pituitary anlagen grown under the kidney capsule of an adult host or in organ culture for a time period equivalent to 22 days of gestation. Morphological development was evaluated by light microscopic histology and gonadotrophin immunocytochemistry. Functional development was analyzed by radioimmunoassay determination of luteinizing hormone, thyrotrophin, and prolactin content of the in situ, kidney capsule grafted, and organ-cultured pituitary. The results provide evidence that factors, perhaps blood-borne, play a significant role in pituitary development but that direct hypothalamic influences are of minimal importance in the development of gonadotrophs and mammotrophs. The fetal hypothalamus may play a significant role in stimulating high storage levels of thyrotrophin in the prenatal pituitary. PMID- 6978469 TI - Management of infected cerebellar stimulation systems. AB - Over a 7-year period (February 1974 through February 1981), 318 patients underwent the implantation of cerebellar stimulation systems for the reduction of spasticity (98%) or epilepsy (2%). A total of 518 procedures were carried out to implant and maintain the equipment during this period. Fourteen patients developed infections in the tissue around their implanted systems, which represented 4.4% of the patients or 2.7% of the procedures performed. Staphylococcus aureus was the infectious agent in 7 cases (50%), the clinical features of which occurred usually within 1 month. Staphylococcus epidermidis infected 5 patients with features presenting late (more than 2 years) after the initial implantation. The management involved antibiotic therapy for 2 weeks in all 14 patients. In 12 patients, the entire system was removed, with 100% eradication of the infection. In the other 2 patients, the radio receiver and lead wires up to but not including the cerebellar electrode pads were removed. One of these 2 patients has been free of infection for 4 years. The other had S. aureus cultured from removed electrode pads after 6 weeks. Of the 14 cases, morbidity was severe in only 1 patient. Seven patients underwent reimplantation 6 weeks after the infection. PMID- 6978470 TI - Demonstration of decreased functional activity of visual cortex by [11 C]methylglucose and positron emission tomography. AB - A hemorrhagic infarction which caused left hemiparesis and homonymous hemianopia was demonstrated as a hypodense lesion on the first CT; 2 weeks later it was hyperdense and enhanced after injecting meglumine. Positron emission tomography with [11C]methyl-D-glucose also revealed the ischemic lesion, but also marked decrease of glucose uptake in the visual cortex, which indicated decreased functional activity. PMID- 6978471 TI - Neck muscles innervation patterns in the northern leopard frog (Rana P. pipiens). AB - The motor innervation patterns of neck and middle ear muscles were investigated in 24 northern leopard frogs (Rana p. pipiens) using the horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracing technique. The results show that various neck muscles were innervated by motoneurons in medial motor column of the ventral horn extending from the second to third spinal nerves, and positioned medially to the lateral motor column (LMC). Middle ear muscle, on the other hand, was innervated by motoneurons in LMC. PMID- 6978472 TI - Modulation of voltage-dependent currents by muscarinic receptor in sympathetic neurones of bullfrog. AB - The muscarinic actions of acetylcholine (ACh) on the action potentials of bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells were studied with voltage-clamp experiments. The slow inward current (Isi) carried by Ca2+ was markedly depressed by ACh. ACh also markedly depressed the time-dependent outward current following Isi. The outward current was composed of two components, a TEA-sensitive rectifier K+ current (IK1) and a TEA-insensitive slow rectifier K+ current (IK2). Both of these components were depressed by ACh. PMID- 6978473 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes in acute anterior uveitis. PMID- 6978474 TI - Retinal 's' antigen disease in rats. AB - The form of experimental allergic uveoretinitis induced by sensitization with retinal 's' antigen in rats actually begins as a pars planitis and juxtapapillary choroiditis. Retinal inflammation develops at the middle limiting vascular layer of the retina and extends outward with focal destruction of photoreceptors and inward as a perivasculitis of small retinal vessels. Extensive choroiditis is a late development in severely diseased animals. Significant strain differences in susceptibility to disease were observed. PMID- 6978475 TI - The progression of the ocular abnormalities of herpes zoster. Histopathologic observations of nine cases. AB - The ocular pathologic findings from nine patients who suffered from herpes zoster ophthalmicus are described. Autopsy material from four patients who died within weeks of the illness and ocular specimens from five patients who required surgery for complications of the disease months to years later demonstrated how the ocular abnormalities caused by zoster may progress in severity with time. The changes ranged from superficial keratitis and mild uveitis to severe granulomatous inflammation of the ciliary body, choroid, and optic nerve within the first several weeks of the disease. In some instances damage secondary to vasculitis predominated, and in others inflammation directly involved ocular tissue. In some chronically affected eyes, granulomatous reaction to Descemet's membrane persisted for years, whereas in others the inflammatory reaction apparently resolved, allowing successful penetrating keratoplasty to be performed in one case. PMID- 6978476 TI - The correlation between the vestibulo-ocular system and the vestibulo-spinal system in Meniere's disease based on categorical principal component analysis. AB - Correlations among different equilibrium function tests were investigated in 130 patients with Meniere disease. The tests consisted of 22 different items, and the possible results could be put into a total of 49 categories. Using a factor analytic method, results falling in the positive area of the 1st axis indicate normality of the vestibular system, and results in the negative area, indicate an abnormality of the vestibular system. On the 2nd axis, the negative direction indicates an abnormality of the vestibulo-spinal system, and the positive direction an abnormality of the vestibulo-ocular system. In this paper, relationships among sex, age, the Cornell medical index results, and the time between the vertigo attack and testing, as well as between the onset of the disease and testing, are shown on a two-dimensional plane. PMID- 6978477 TI - Behavioral pediatrics and primary health care. PMID- 6978478 TI - Evaluation of a commercial latex particle agglutination test for rapid diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection. AB - The effectiveness of a commercially available latex particle agglutination test (Bactogen) in the diagnosis of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection was evaluated. Bactogen correctly diagnosed all 27 patients with bacteriologically proven H influenzae type b infection (sensitivity 100%). Two of 39 patients with proven, non-H influenzae type b infections had false-positive tests (specificity 95%). One of 103 sera and 0 of 55 urine specimens from hospitalized adults contained detectable H influenzae type b antigen. Bactogen is a sensitive, specific, commercially available test for rapid diagnosis of H influenzae type b infection. PMID- 6978479 TI - [Immunological characteristics in newborn infants with ARVI and pneumonia]. PMID- 6978481 TI - [Physical and psychological future of patients with coronary disease. To whom should ambulatory rehabilitation be proposed? (author's transl)]. AB - To ambulatory rehabilitation programme was proposed to 91 patients during their stay in hospital for myocardial infarction or aortocoronary bypass surgery. A retrospective study showed that 51 patients did follow the programme, whereas 40 patients preferred their own method of self-rehabilitation. Serial exercise tests demonstrated progressive and considerable improvement in physical aptitude among those who followed the programme, but the psychological, socio-familial and professional outcome was globally the same in both groups. The present study therefore confirms the numerous advantages of the rehabilitation programme but also shows that many of the potential candidates to such programmes are capable of returning by themselves to a normal and active life. PMID- 6978480 TI - Decrease in stiffness during shortening in calcium activated skinned muscle fibers. AB - Single fibers from frog sartorius or semitendinosus muscle were mechanically skinned and activated in ATP salt solution containing 10 micro M Ca2+ (7 degrees C). After development of an isometric contraction, fibers were released at constant speed (0.03-2.4 s-1). During ramp shortening, stiffness was determined from the slope of the tension-length diagram obtained during superimposed quick stretches. Both force and stiffness decreased, as the ramp shortening proceeded and approached a steady value after about 60 ms. An increase in speed of shortening caused a decrease in fiber tension and stiffness and an increase in the ratio of stiffness to tension, suggesting a decrease in both the number of attached crossbridges and in the average force per crossbridge. PMID- 6978482 TI - Management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Initial management of acute upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding depends on the clinical status of the patient. Symptoms of reduced blood volume or shock are clear indications for blood transfusion; oxygen therapy also may be needed. A brief history and physical examination, gastric aspiration, and gastric lavage help in ascertaining if bleeding is in the UGI tract; endoscopy, barium x-ray studies, and angiography help to identify the exact site. Bleeding from the most common causes of UGI tract hemorrhage--duodenal and gastric ulcers, esophagitis, and Mallory-Weiss tears--stops spontaneously or with gastric lavage in about 85% of patients. Patients with variceal hemorrhage have a worse prognosis and require intensive care. Vasopressin (Pitressin) infusion, either intravenous or intraarterial, is the first treatment to try. If it is not effective, balloon tamponade, sclerotherapy if available, or surgery may be necessary. Advances in medical, endoscopic, and surgical therapy may reduce morbidity and mortality in the future. PMID- 6978483 TI - Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria with renal, infective and immunological abnormalities. PMID- 6978484 TI - [Bleeding vascular lesions (TAP) of the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978485 TI - [Diffuse telangiectasias of the gastric antrum with and without cirrhosis of the liver as a cause of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978486 TI - [Rare sources of duodenal hemorrhage: von Willebrand's disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, brunneroma and leiomyoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978487 TI - Purification and characterization of a monoclonal T-cell suppressor factor specific for poly(LGlu60LAla30LTyr10). AB - A monoclonal T-cell-derived suppressor factor specific for the terpolymer poly(LGlu60LAla30LTyr10) produced by the T-cell hybridoma 258 C4.4, was purified to homogeneity. This was accomplished by fractionation of the culture medium by using a combination of affinity chromatography and reverse-phase and ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified factor is composed of a single Mr 24,000 polypeptide chain, and the homogeneous protein maintains the ability to suppress antibody and T-cell proliferative responses to poly(LGlu60LAla30LTyr10) specifically. The specific activity of pure suppressor factor is calculated to be 8 X 10(7) units/micrograms. PMID- 6978488 TI - Regulation of the colony-stimulating activity produced by a murine marrow-derived cell line (H-1). AB - The production of molecular species that stimulate growth of granulocyte or macrophage colonies (GM-CSF) by the fibroblastoid H-1 cell line is unaffected by either native or iron-saturated lactoferrin, although some inhibition is detected with 10 microM prostaglandin E1. The H-1 GM-CSF is able to support the formation of macrophage, neutrophil, and mixed colonies. Feeder layers of H-1 cells are also able to support the development of colony-forming units stimulated by GM-CSF (GM-CFUc) although the number of colonies produced when the optimal H-1 cell concentration is plated (2.5 x 10(3) cells) is only 30% of the number with conditioned medium alone. This inhibitory effect is observed irrespective of the presence of an additional agar layer between the feeder cells and plated bone marrow cells, implying that diffusable substances are involved. Addition of indomethacin (10 microM) to feeder layers derived from 2.5 x 10(3) H-1 cells increases the number of GM-CFUc detected to 50% of that seen with conditioned medium alone. This result suggests that released prostaglandin may be responsible for some, but not all, of the observed inhibition of colony formation. In the presence of the H-1 feeder layers, only macrophage colonies are detected and hence it appears that the H-1 cells produce, in addition to prostaglandin, a diffusible inhibitory substance that preferentially inhibits granulopoiesis. PMID- 6978489 TI - Steroid binding proteins in rat and human prostate. PMID- 6978490 TI - [Diffusion of the drug combination sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Microdetermination in the perilymph, blood and urine of subjects with otosclerosis]. PMID- 6978491 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of certain derivatives of 2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroquinazoline. Part 2. AB - The synthesis of 6-bromo-1-ethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline, its benzoyl and its benzyl derivatives is described. The unreported 5-bromo-N-phenyl anthranilic acid was synthesized from anthranilic acid adopting a procedure, which involved a novel synthesis of 2,5-dibromobenzoic acid. Direct bromination of N-phenylanthranilic acid and N-p-tolyl-anthranilic acid afforded the tribromo and dibromoderivatives respectively. PMID- 6978492 TI - [On analgetically, antipyretically and antiphlogistically active sulphur containing pyridazines (author's transl)]. AB - 12 newly synthetized sulphur-containing pyridazines were tested for analgetic, antipyretic and antiphlogistic activity. Using the tail-flick and the hot-plate test as well as the writhing syndrome as screening procedures, the author stated that 9 of these compounds produced a good analgetic effect. The majority of these compounds exerted a marked antipyretic effect as evidenced by the antipyresis model. The action of these pyridazines on the acute oedema of the rat hind paw was relatively poor. Determination of the acute lethal doses and of adverse effects due to an action on the central nervous system showed that 3 of the 12 compounds under investigation are characterized by low toxicity. Furthermore, the analgetic and antiphlogistic screening methods revealed that one of these 3 compounds, 3-amino-4-mercapto-6-methylpyridazine (1), is particularly active. The beneficial properties of this substance and also those of some other derivatives justify more detailed studies concerning the pharmacological characterization of sulphur-containing pyridazines. PMID- 6978493 TI - [Biological effects of 3-substituted acetic acid derivatives of 1,2,4 benzotriazines]. PMID- 6978494 TI - The interfacing of a gamma camera to a DEC Gamma-11 data processing system for single-photon emission tomography. PMID- 6978495 TI - Selection and care of cardiac patients for plastic surgery. AB - A major operation after successful coronary artery bypass surgery has been proved as safe as an operation for a patient free from coronary artery disease. Most patients with angina who demonstrate an operable coronary lesion should usually be scheduled for coronary artery bypass before undergoing nonemergency surgery. It is advisable to postpone elective plastic surgery for 6 weeks to 3 months after coronary bypass and 6 months after myocardial infarction. The life expectancy of cardiac patients must be carefully considered before elective plastic surgery, because performing an operation on a patient who cannot live to enjoy the benefits is unwise. Working together, cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, and plastic surgeons can now prolong the quantity of life and enrich its quality in properly selected and carefully managed patients. PMID- 6978496 TI - Rheumatic diseases in the elderly. Finding a way through the maze. AB - The manifestations of rheumatic disease in the elderly present a confusing array of diagnoses to the primary care physician. Helpful guidelines in pursuing a definitive diagnosis are outlined, with special mention of three rheumatic conditions (pseudogout, polymyalgia rheumatica, and temporal arteritis) which are uniquely characteristic of elderly patients. PMID- 6978497 TI - Gastrointestinal problems in the elderly. AB - Gastrointestinal problems in the elderly, such as swallowing difficulties, chest pain, bleeding, constipation, and colonic diseases, which may present problems in diagnosis or management, are discussed. A screening procedure for colorectal cancer in asymptomatic geriatric patients is proposed. PMID- 6978498 TI - Old age and immunity. AB - Changes in immunoglobulin production and delayed-type hypersensitivity occur in the elderly, making it difficult for the aging immune system to meet new challenges, such as infectious agents or neoplastic cells. The maintenance and repair of host defenses is thus both a significant scientific and social goal. PMID- 6978499 TI - Radiographic changes in primary osteogenic sarcoma following intensive chemotherapy. Radiological-pathological correlation in 63 patients. AB - Sixty-three patients with osteogenic sarcoma of the long bones, all of whom were treated with chemotherapy, demonstrated striking and unusual radiographic changes. Patients with a "good" radiographic response (48%) showed the most dramatic changes, including medullary sclerosis, prominent periosteal new bone formation, and disappearance of the soft-tissue mass; and these findings correlated well with the histological grading of the surgical specimens. Radiographic evaluation of patients receiving chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma is a valuable method of assessing response. PMID- 6978500 TI - Diagnostic and interventional angiography in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - The use of vasopressin infusion or arterial embolization in the treatment of 87 patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage is reviewed. A bleeding point was identified angiographically in 46 patients (53%), with a higher success rate in those with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (63%) than in those with lower (39%) gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Vasopressin infusion in 33 patients completely stopped hemorrhage in 14 and slowed hemorrhage pending surgery in another 5. Gelfoam embolization was successful as definitive therapy in 12 of 15 patients. Mortality as a result of hemorrhage or its sequelae was 40% in patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and 21% in those with lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6978501 TI - Comparison and significance of bypass patency rates in noncritical versus critical coronary obstruction. AB - Preoperative and postoperative angiograms were compared in 81 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. In these patients, 135 bypassed vessels had had critical stenoses or total occlusion; 99 of these bypasses (73.3%) were patent. Of 36 bypassed vessels that had had noncritical stenoses, 26 (72.2%) were patent. This difference was not significant. Thus, competitive inflow does not lead to excessive graft failure in noncritically diseased vessels, and they can be bypassed with the same expectation of success as critically obstructed vessels. The risk and the advantages of bypassing mild lesions at the same time that severe obstructions are surgically treated are discussed. PMID- 6978502 TI - Angiography and the gastrointestinal bleeder. AB - The role of angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage is discussed. Three categories of gastrointestinal bleeding are considered: upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastroesophageal varices, upper gastrointestinal bleeding of arterial or capillary origin, and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The advantages and disadvantages of angiography are compared with those of radionuclide scanning and endoscopy or colonoscopy. It is anticipated that, as radionuclide scans are more widely employed, angiography will eventually be performed only in those patients with positive scans. PMID- 6978503 TI - [Complete obstruction of the common trunk of the left coronary artery. Importance of collateral circulation]. PMID- 6978504 TI - [Neurophysiological study of the neurons of the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi which projects to the oculomotor complex in the cat]. AB - The spontaneous and vestibularly induced activity of 19 prepositus hypoglossi neurons antidromically activated by the electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral oculomotor complex has been recorded in awake cats. Spontaneous activity of these neurons was linearly related to horizontal eye position, increasing their firing frequency with positions further to the recording side. Sinusoidal rotation of the animal showed that these neurons were type II. Sensitivity of the neurons to eye velocity was very low. According to present results, it is concluded that prepositus hypoglossi neurons that project to the oculomotor complex are "position-velocity" units possible final destinations of prepositus terminals in the oculomotor nucleus are also discussed. PMID- 6978505 TI - The renal clearance of albumin following intravenous loading of homologous albumin in conscious rats. AB - Tubular reabsorption of albumin was studied in conscious rats by measuring the renal excretion at various plasma concentrations. The plasma albumin concentration was raised by loading the animals with homologous serum albumin. By using this procedure an average plasma concentration of 54 g/l could be reached, which is about twice the physiological plasma albumin concentration in untreated rats. Throughout the experiments the glomerular filtration rate was determined by the total plasma slope clearance of 51Cr-EDTA. Following the albumin load, the 51Cr-EDTA clearance remained at 54.8 +/- 12.2 ml/min/m2 body surface. By correlating renal albumin excretion and plasma albumin concentration, the sieving coefficient of albumin, phi, of 2.35 x 10(-4), the renal albumin threshold of 38 +/- 5 g/l, and the maximal tubular transport rate of albumin of 9.6 +/- 2.6 micrograms/min/g kidney weight could be calculated (mean +/- SD). There were some variations among the animals, resulting in a fairly large standard deviation. However, these values are in agreement with recent micropuncture data. PMID- 6978506 TI - Gill and lung ventilation responses to steady-state aquatic hypoxia and hyperoxia in the bullfrog tadpole. AB - Gill ventilation frequency (fG), the pressure amplitude (PBC) and stroke volume (VS) of buccal ventilation cycles, the frequency of air breaths (fL), water flow over the gills (VW), gill oxygen uptake (MGO2), oxygen utilization (U), and heart frequency (fH) have been measured in unanaesthetized, air breathing Rana catesbeiana tadpoles (stage XVI-XIX). The animals were unrestrained except for ECG leads or cannulae, and were able to surface voluntarily for air breathing. They were subjected to aquatic normoxia, hyperoxia and three levels of aquatic hypoxia, and their respiratory responses recorded in the steady state. The experiments were performed at 20 +/- 0.5 degrees C. In hyperoxia there was an absence of air breathing, and fG, PBC and VW fell from the normoxic values, while U increased, resulting in no significant change in MGO2. Animals in normoxia showed a very low fL which increased in progressively more hypoxic states. VW increased from the normoxic value in mild hypoxia (PO2 = 96 +/- 2 mm Hg), but fell, associated with a reduction in PBC, in moderate (PO2 = 41 +/- 1 mm Hg) and severe (PO2 = 21 +/- 3 mm Hg) hypoxia in the presence of lung ventilation. Gill MGO2 was not significantly different from the normoxic value in mild hypoxia but fell in moderate hypoxia, while in severe hypoxia oxygen was lost to the ventilating water from the blood perfusing the gills. There was no significant change in fH from the normoxic value in either hypoxia or hyperoxia. These data indicate, that in the bimodally breathing bullfrog tadpole, aquatic PO2 exerts a strong control over both gill and lung ventilation. Furthermore, there is an interaction between gill and lung ventilation such that the onset of a high frequency of lung ventilation in moderate and severe hypoxia promotes a suppression of gill ventilation cycles. PMID- 6978507 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the colon: report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6978508 TI - [Anti-HLA-DR antibodies in the sera of multigravidae in labor]. PMID- 6978509 TI - [Unclassifiable inflammatory rheumatism with HLA B27]. AB - The authors report on 25 patients carrying the HLA B27 histocompatibility antigen and suffering from un-classifiable inflammatory rheumatism. The group included 12 men and 13 women. At the time of the initial observation, the inflammatory rheumatism was localised particularly in the lower limbs, knees, ankles and heels, in 14 of the cases; 7 of the cases revealed chronic polyarthritis, with a largely symmetrical involvement of the joints in the fingers. At the end of the observation period, which lasted 38 months, on average (from 6 months to 1 1/2 years), the series included 3 cases of sero-negative polyarthritis, with symmetrical involvement of the fingers and bony erosions which can probably be classified with cases of rheumatoid polyarthritis (HLA B27 being a coincidence), 2 certain and 3 possible cases of ankylosing spondylarthritis. For several years following the onset of the disease, the majority of the other patient continued to suffer rheumatism of the lower limbs in exacerbations and often accompanied by talalgia. PMID- 6978510 TI - [Immunologic aspects of ankylosing spondylarthritis]. AB - The immunological profile of 63 men, 53 of whom were carriers of the HLA B27 antigen, and 10 of whom were not, all of whom suffered from ankylosing spondylarthritis (ASP) which was either quiescent or subject to exacerbations, were studied: lymphocytic colonies, quantity determination of serum proteins, investigations of auto-immune antibodies. Following a discussion of the techniques, the results are presented and compared with those obtained in healthy subjects. No significant difference was revealed between the averages obtained for the results on the patients and the controls, nor as regards the B and T lymphocytes, the IgG, IgA, IgM immunoglobulins, the C3 fraction of the complement, or orosomucoid. The haptoglobin and alpha-antitrypsin rates increased significantly in the patients. Tests for the auto-immune antibodies were always negative. The results are compared to other, often contradictory, studies which have already been published. These authors conclude that the ASP in question does not seem to be an immunological disease. PMID- 6978511 TI - Leucocyte migration inhibition test in patients with gynaecologic malignancy. PMID- 6978512 TI - [Recurrence after conization of carcinoma in situ]. PMID- 6978513 TI - Incidence of cataract in primary glaucoma after Scheie's antiglaucoma operation- long-term observation. PMID- 6978514 TI - Obliteration of gastrooesophageal collaterals in portal hypertension by means of ferromagnetic powder and a magnetic oesophageal tube. Animal experiment. PMID- 6978515 TI - Influence of sympathotropic drugs on the acute toxicity of cystamine in non irradiated and irradiated mice. PMID- 6978516 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat brain following head irradiation. PMID- 6978517 TI - Modification of toxic effects of cystamine by adrenergic agents in rats. PMID- 6978518 TI - Blood T-lymphocyte functions in healthy adults in relation to age. AB - Blood T-lymphocyte functions were studied in 167 healthy adults (age range 19-91 years). Lymphocyte DNA synthesis induced by concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen and PPD antigen declined with age while the spontaneous DNA synthesis remained essentially unchanged. Relative and total T-cell counts but not total lymphocyte counts were moderately decreased in elderly persons. The lymphocyte response to mitogens correlated with the PPD-induced activation in vitro. Lymphocyte and T cell counts did not show any association with the response to mitogens and antigen. A few subjects were tested on several occasions during 2-7 years confirming a good reproducibility of the techniques employed. Thus ageing is associated with diminished number of T-cells and impairment of lymphocyte activation by T-cell mitogens and PPD antigen. The clinical importance of this general age-related T-cell deficiency remains largely unresolved. PMID- 6978519 TI - Purification and characterization of a nuclear SS-B antigen. AB - A nuclear SS-B antigen was isolated from a saline extract of acetone powder of rabbit thymus by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, affinity chromatography with Blue Sepharose CL-6B, and preparative agarose gel electrophoresis. The mol. wt of the antigen was 68,000. Its electrophoretic mobility was similar to that of pre-albumin, and the iso-electric point was around pH 4.0. The main amino acids of the antigen were glutamic acid, leucine, lysine and alanine. Both histidine and tyrosine were also found. The purified antigen precipitated with anti-SS-B sera but not with any other reference antisera. It resembled La and Ha antigens in susceptibility to proteolytic and nucleolytic enzymes and to heat. The purified SS-B antigen, however, had a higher molecular weight than did the Ha and La antigens. The molecule could not be split into subunits with mercaptoethanol or acid. Counter-electrophoresis showed antibodies to the SS-B antigen in sera from patients with rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome, but not in amy of the control sera. PMID- 6978520 TI - Rabbit spleen B lymphocytes as helper cells in lymphocyte activation by concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin. AB - Using rosetting methods, we have purified rabbit B cells and studied their interactions with T cells purified by passage over an anti-immunoglobulin-coated Degalan beads column. B cells enhance the response of T cells to concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin. In regulation of the response to Con A, an adherent cell is a third participating cell. B-cell preparation contain a minority of cells that can respond to T mitogens with the help of non proliferating T cells, but the proportion of these responding cells is small, and the involvement of the T-cell impurity cannot be excluded. PMID- 6978521 TI - Effects of thymosin and evidence of monocyte suppression of both T- and B-cell functions in two cases of 'common variable immunodeficiency'. AB - We have studied two patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), impaired cell-mediated immunity, and high percentages of monocytes in their peripheral blood. Removal of monocytes from cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both patients increased the in vitro responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) but not to purified protein derivative (PPD), as measured by [3H]thymidine uptake. Similarly, supernatants of monocyte cultures from both patients, unlike supernatants of normal monocytes, suppressed the in vitro responses to PHA and Con A but enhanced the response to PPD by cultured mononuclear cells from the patients and from normal donors. Addition of unfractionated mononuclear cells from both patients to normal mononuclear cells suppressed both pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation and IgG production; this effect was abrogated by removal of monocytes from the patients' mononuclear cell populations. This effect of thymosin on both patients' mononuclear cells was assayed in vitro. Thymosin was ineffective in vitro with cells from the first patient; for the other patient, [3H]thymidine uptake by mononuclear cells stimulated with PPD increased, whereas uptake by Con A stimulated cells decreased, as did the percentage of E rosette-forming cells, providing further evidence of heterogeneity of the CVID syndrome. The effects of thymosin were also dependent on monocytes. PMID- 6978522 TI - Autoantibodies in patients with acute salpingitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - Autoantibodies were investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence method in 10 women with salpingitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and in 22 controls. Smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) of the IgG and IgM class and IgM-antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were found more frequently in patients with salpingitis than in controls (p = 0.024, p = 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively), but the titres were low (10-80) in both groups. Other antibodies (IgG-ANA, glomerular antibodies, parietal cell antibodies and reticulin antibodies) were uncommon in both patients and in controls. An in virus and mycoplasma infections IgM-SMA occurred most often in the beginning of the disease. PMID- 6978523 TI - Emergency open-heart surgery. Experience with 100 consecutive cases. AB - One thousand two hundred and three open-heart operations were performed at Papworth Hospital between January 1973 and December 1978 with an early (30 day) operative mortality of 5.3%. One hundred patients were treated on an emergency basis. This is defined as an operation necessarily performed within 24 hours of referral to a surgeon. The early mortality in this group was 24 (24 per cent) and accounted for one third of the early deaths during the period under review. The main clinical conditions requiring emergency surgery included ischaemic heart disease (36 patients, early mortality 22.2%); critical valve disease (24 patients, 12.5%); bacterial endocarditis (14 patients, 28.5%); acute aortic dissection (11 patients, 36%) and complications associated with valve substitutes (11 patients, 36%). Almost all the deaths in the ischaemic heart disease group occurred in those undergoing operation for the complications of infarction. Many factors contribute to the higher risk of emergency open-heart surgery. Of these, dysfunction of other organ systems secondary to low cardiac output and the state of the left ventricle are the most important. Earlier referral for operation of patients with critical valve disease should help to reduce mortality. PMID- 6978524 TI - [Reintervention for recurrent angina pectoris after aortocoronary bypass]. AB - In this department between 1969 and 1980, 1116 angina patients underwent aorto coronary venous bypass operation for revascularization of the myocardium. Thirty four (3%) of these patients later underwent reoperation for anginal recurrence. Recurrence of angina was due principally to obstruction of an aorto-coronary venous bypass graft (48.6%) and progression of atheromatous disease in non grafted coronary arteries. 9% of reoperated patients had a myocardial infarction postoperatively. Overall mortality was 6%. Quality of life must be considered excellent when it is observed that 87% of these patients enjoyed symptomatic improvement and as many as 63% were still asymptomatic following an average observation period of more than three years (38.7 months). On the basis of these encouraging results, all patients with recurrence of angina should undergo further coronary investigations with a view to reoperation. PMID- 6978526 TI - [Rectorrhagia]. PMID- 6978525 TI - Inner ear: dye injection reveals peripheral origins of specific sensitivities. PMID- 6978527 TI - [The director, the management team and general hospital services in the event of a catastrophe]. PMID- 6978528 TI - [Emergency medical aid from the armed services during major civilian catastrophes]. PMID- 6978529 TI - [Medicine and catastrophes]. PMID- 6978530 TI - [Role of the SAMU and the SMUR in the ORSEC plan in the event of a catastrophe]. PMID- 6978531 TI - [Medico-surgical triage in catastrophic situations]. PMID- 6978532 TI - [The ORSEC plan and public health]. PMID- 6978533 TI - [Epidemics and catastrophes]. PMID- 6978535 TI - [The hospital ORSEC plan and the nursing school]. PMID- 6978534 TI - [Organization of hospitals in Paris (Public Welfare) for catastrophes]. PMID- 6978537 TI - [Catastrophe planning for hospitals]. PMID- 6978536 TI - [Security and the operating rooms]. PMID- 6978538 TI - Aqueductal stenosis: a possible late sequela of central nervous system inflammation in systemic lupus. AB - We have described a patient with a history of central nervous system lupus who had obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius. The course of this patient's neurologic disease suggest that the obstruction was caused by a post-inflammatory lesion of CNS lupus. This report illustrates the importance of a complete neurologic evaluation of a patient with SLE who has CNS dysfunction. PMID- 6978539 TI - Purulent pericarditis complicating coronary artery bypass. AB - We have described the first survivor with Proteus purulent pericarditis after coronary artery bypass. Purulent pericarditis, which must be differentiated from postpericardiotomy syndrome, should be suspected in a patient with fever and pericardial effusion after bypass surgery. Pericardiocentesis established the diagnosis of purulent pericarditis. Today, with prophylactic antibiotics being used routinely, purulent pericarditis in the postoperative period may be caused by an aerobic gram-negative bacillus. Treatment consists of surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotics. PMID- 6978540 TI - Cross-sectional and longitudinal tooth survival characteristics of a healthy male population. PMID- 6978541 TI - Noncardiac operations combined with coronary artery bypass. PMID- 6978543 TI - [Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity, E- and EAC-rosette forming cells in patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6978542 TI - Intravitreal administration of antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. III. Consensus. AB - Five years ago, we established the Viewpoints section on the premise that written constructive expression of differences of opinion about ophthalmic problems would increase the level of understanding in the profession. Since we thought that neither eloquence of expression nor vigor of debate would resolve the questions, we avoided a response-rebuttal format and simply asked each author to express his or her point of view along with the evidence supporting it, without seeing the other's manuscript. Rather than rigidly cementing opinions, we hoped this approach would maintain maleable minds in the search for solutions to perplexing problems. In the inaugural Viewpoints section, Baum and Peyman discussed periocular versus intravitreal administration of antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis (Antibiotic administration in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. I. Baum JL: Periocular injections. II. Peyman GA: Intravitreal injections. Surv Ophthalmol 21:332-346, 1977). Now, in a novel format, the authors reappraise the subject and come to a consensus that minimizes the therapeutic quandary engendered by the original articles. While acknowledging that intravitreal administration of antibiotic is the preferred route for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis, the authors emphasize the lack of controlled and randomized clinical trials in this area. Their practical recommendations will assist the ophthalmologist who tries to forestall the devastation of bacterial endophthalmitis. PMID- 6978544 TI - [Immunohematologic aspects of bone regeneration]. PMID- 6978545 TI - [Effect of certain medical-social factors on work capacity of patients with rheumatism]. PMID- 6978546 TI - [Disorders of the mechanism of organ regulation of fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic syndrome in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6978547 TI - [Causes of the development and chronic course of inflammatory diseases in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6978548 TI - Protection of platelet surface bound factors IXa and VIII against specific inhibitors. AB - The rate of inactivation of factors IXa and VIII as well as of the complex formed by them on the surface of platelets, induced by specific inhibitors has been studied. After the formation of complex both factors became more protected against high molecular weight inhibitors. As evidenced by the apparent first order inactivation rate constants, after complex formation the velocity of IXa antithrombin III + heparin reaction decreased to 1/20. Enhanced resistance toward the high molecular weight inhibitors is presumably due to a steric change, since the low molecular weight phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride and diethyl pyrocarbonate inhibited free and complexed factor IXa to the same extent. PMID- 6978549 TI - Assessment of the interaction of warfarin with aspirin and dipyridamole. PMID- 6978550 TI - Preparation of beta-XIIa (Hageman factor fragment) from human plasma. AB - beta-Factor XIIa (beta-XIIa, Mr approximately 30,000) was isolated from human plasma by a procedure which utilized, as an initial step, the adsorption of Factor XII to celite. Activation of Factor XII and subsequent release of beta XIIa was brought about by the proteolytic action of co-adsorbed kallikrein. Two successive chromatographic procedures were then used to achieve a final purification of 4,420-fold over plasma and an overall field of 2.3 mg of beta XIIa per liter. PMID- 6978551 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and liver cirrhosis in adults]. PMID- 6978552 TI - [Natural medicine and rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6978554 TI - [Reoperations for hemorrhage and obstruction after gastric surgery]. PMID- 6978553 TI - [Reoperation because of early complications after gastroduodenal surgery]. PMID- 6978556 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: light and electron microscopic studies. AB - The present study evaluates the significance of clinical and histologic features in 16 cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL). The disease observed in the elderly is characterized by an acute onset of constitutional symptoms, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and immunologic abnormalities. The clinical course is rather short, and autopsied cases show severe infections complications. In the present study, two histologic types were identified: 1) Angio-cellular (A-C) type: the lymph nodes contained lymphocytes, immunoblasts, histiocytes, eosinophils and/or plasma cells. 2) Immunoblastic and plasma cell (I & P) type or lymphocyte depleted (LD) type; the lymph node contained mainly immunoblasts and plasmocytoid cells. Serum protein was examined in 12 cases. Dysproteinemia was noted in 5 of 6 cases of A-C type and in 5 of 6 cases of I & P type. There is a definite relationship between histologic types and survival periods. The A-C type is an expression of slight depletion of lymphocytes and the I & P or LD type represents marked depletion of lymphocytes. AIL has malignant potentiality, though it resembles graft-vs-host reaction in histology, the wide spread involvement of tissues and clinical features. An immunologic investigation on 3 cases suggests that the disease is based on B-cell disorder. PMID- 6978557 TI - Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by anti-Jsb in a Js(a+b+) patient. AB - A 39-year-old multiparous woman developed a mixed field positive direct antiglobulin test within 15 days of receiving four units of crossmatch compatible red blood cells. Anti-Jsb was demonstrable in both the serum and the eluate. The case was further complicated by the fact that the patient's pretransfusion red blood cells typed as Js(b+). Serologic studies demonstrated that this was a case of allo-anti-Jsb in a Js(b+) patient which provides evidence of heterogeniety of the Js locus. PMID- 6978558 TI - Effect of histoincompatibility on migration of labeled bursa cells in the chicken. AB - A comparison was made of the localization of i.v. injected 3H-adenosine-labeled bursa cells in gamma-irradiated B-identical and B-different recipient chickens. There was no difference in the localization in nonlymphoid organs or in bursa and thymus, but the spleen showed more radioactivity at 24 hr after injection in B identical than in B-different recipients. This difference was more reproducible in 3 to 4 week or older than in 7- to 10-day-old recipients. Histologically, the greatest difference in the older recipients was seen in the number of labeled cells localizing in germinal centers of spleen. Thymectomy or bursectomy of recipients did not appear to affect the bursa cell localization. syngeneity at the major histocompatibility B locus between donor and recipients appeared sufficient to obtain maximal spleen localization of donor bursa cells. PMID- 6978555 TI - Increased frequency of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis correlated with disease activity. AB - Cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCA) were investigated in sera from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in relation to disease activity. When a serum with more than 20% cytotoxicity is considered positive for the presence of LCA, the positive frequency at remission was 21% (6/28), but at exacerbation it was 83% (10/12). All the sera from normal controls were negative. The average of cytotoxicity expressed as a % killing of target cells by sera at remission was 13%; on the other hand, at exacerbation it was 39%. These results showed that in multiple sclerosis the level of LCA was not persistently high, but increased correlating with the disease activity. From these findings and previous experiments of rescue of measles virus antigens, it was suggested that multiple sclerosis is likely a virus-induced autoimmune disease. PMID- 6978559 TI - Cells mediating graft rejection in the mouse. IV. The Ly-5, 6, and 8 effector cell phenotype. AB - Skin graft rejection was previously shown to be mediated by sensitized lymphocytes bearing the Thy-1+, Ly-1+2-3- cell surface phenotype and these cells were further characterized using antisera to the Ly-5, 6, and 7 specificities. By using an adoptive transfer system in which ATXBM mice (CBA/H) received sensitized cells treated with antiserum and complement, it was shown that the cells mediating skin graft rejection were of the Ly-5+6-7+ phenotype. Other studies have demonstrated that cytotoxic T cells are Ly-5+6+7-, whereas helper T cells are Ly-5+6-7+, so that the T cells-mediating graft rejection is again clearly distinguished from the cytotoxic T. cell. At this time, however, it is not possible to separate the T cells mediating helper T cell functions, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and allograft rejections. PMID- 6978560 TI - Restoration of allogeneic responsiveness of lymphocytes from cyclosporin A treated animals with interleukin 2. PMID- 6978561 TI - Observations on hospital practice in Nepal and a survey of osteomyelitis and bone tuberculosis. PMID- 6978562 TI - [Karyosphere and nuclear envelope ultrastructure of oocytes of the common frog Rana temporaria after nuclease treatment and extraction of chromatin and alkali soluble proteins]. AB - The late oocyte karyosphere of Rana temporaria consists mainly of fibrillar nucleoli and micronucleoli, Fibrillar material containing the pore complexes (pseudomembranes) and modified synaptonemal complexes. Nuclease treatment of the karyosphere reveals regularly repeating bands in the nuclei and micronuclei, the fibrillar material associated with the nuclei being attenuated. After a subsequent treatment with DNase-1, RNase A and 1.5 M Nacl and karyosphere is disintegrated to involve remains of extracted nucleoli and fibrillar material containing pore complexes. 0.025 N NaOH extracted the bulk of the karyosphere and left only the islets if fibrillar material. The nuclear envelope proved to be far more stable to the above treatments. It retained its structure and was loosened partly only after 1.5 M NaCl or 0.025 N NaOH extraction, the pore complexes disappearing only after alkaline extraction. It is assumed that the karyosphere represents a skeletal structure (matrix) of the oocyte nucleus. PMID- 6978563 TI - [Dynamic study of the level of muscle heat resistance of tadpoles in different clutches of the common frog at various stages of development]. AB - A study was made of the relation between the heat resistance levels of muscles of tadpoles examined from the same clutches at different stages of development: soon after hatching (stage 39), at one of the growth period stage (stage 42), at the completed growth stage (stage 50), and at one stage of the metamorphosis proper (stage 52). As a criterion of the resistance served the time of the loss of tail muscle contraction in response to the electrical stimulus (50 hz frequency) at 38 degrees C. It was found that in 10% of clutches only the pattern of changes in the heat resistance level of tadpole muscles coincided with the average population pattern. In some clutches one could observe that the lower the heat resistance level of the clutch at the previous stage the higher its increase during the transfer to the next stage, and vice versa. A suggestion in put forward about the role of changes in heat resistance of tadpole muscles in the maintenance of the population's conservation by this character in poikilotherms. PMID- 6978564 TI - [Efficacy of thymalin in the treatment of patients with traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw]. PMID- 6978565 TI - [Procedure of the consulting surgeon in gastroduodenal hemorrhages at a district hospital]. PMID- 6978566 TI - Murine respiratory mycoplasmosis in LEW and F344 rats: strain differences in lesion severity. AB - Pathogen-free weaning rats of the LEW and F344 strains were caged together for two months to eliminate microbial and environmental differences, and then infected intranasally with 10-fold dilutions of viable Mycoplasma pulmonis. At necropsy 28 days post-inoculation, F344 rats had no gross lung lesions, even those given the maximum dose of 1.4 X 10(9) colony-forming units of M. pulmonis. LEW rats often had extensive gross lesions with a gross-pneumonia-dose50 of 1.1 X 10(7) colony-forming units/rat. Histological examination of the respiratory tract (nasal passages, larynges, tracheae, and lungs) and tympanic cavities showed both qualitative and quantitative differences in lesions between the two strains, particularly in the lungs. Hyperplasia of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue occurred in both strains, but was more extensive in LEW rats. Atelectasis, alveolar consolidation (due primarily to mononuclear inflammatory cells), and suppurative bronchitis and bronchiolitis were seen only in LEW rats. Infiltrates of lymphoid cells into the lungs distal to bronchi and around blood vessels also were seen primarily in LEW rats. These differences between the two rat strains provide excellent model systems with which to dissect the role of cell responses in the pathogenesis of a naturally occurring chronic lung disease. PMID- 6978567 TI - [Electroacupuncture in complex treatment of neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve]. PMID- 6978568 TI - [Efficacy of electroacupuncture in the treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 6978569 TI - [Vacuum-d'arsonvalization in the treatment of parodontitis]. PMID- 6978570 TI - [Effect of tissue therapy on body nonspecific reactivity in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6978571 TI - [Changes in the functional activity of T- and B-lymphocytes in experimental infection due to different strains of the influenza virus]. AB - In mice infected with influenza A2/Port Chalmers and B/Hong Kong viruses the formation of antibody-producing cells (APC) to the thymus-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was found to be inhibited much stronger than that to the thymus-independent antigen (polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90). Influenza A/PR-8/34 virus was approximately similarly active in both systems. Spleen cells of mouse donors infected with influenza virus were characterized by a markedly reduced capacity to form APC to ARBC when inoculated into irradiated recipients. This capacity was recovered if the donor spleen cells of infected animals were inoculated into recipients in mixture with T-lymphocytes of intact animals. Possible mechanisms of lymphocyte damage in influenza infection are discussed. PMID- 6978572 TI - [Appearance in East Germany of a strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced sensitivity to penicillin]. PMID- 6978573 TI - [Decrease of tuberculosis in children in GDR - facts, data and conclusions]. AB - With decrease of tuberculosis among children GDR to nearly insignificant numbers nonspecific respiratory diseases have taken precedence in the health care of children. Nevertheless tuberculosis must not be forgotten in differential diagnostic consideration. Prophylaxis of tuberculosis exposition is becoming a predominant task. Immunoprophylaxis by BCG-vaccination should be carried on, yet treatment of tuberculous children should be started centrally at the children's hospital for pulmonary diseases at Harzgerode (GDR) also further on. The following ambulatory therapy should be done under the control of the district centres for respiratory diseases among children in close cooperation with the appropriate policlinical department for pulmonary disease (PALT) and the hospital at Harzgerode. Tuberculosis has to remain an important component of medical education of students and postgraduate education of pediatricians in spite of its low incidence, in future too. PMID- 6978574 TI - [Development, value and problems of BCG-vaccination]. PMID- 6978575 TI - [Cellular mediated and humoral immunity of tuberculosis]. AB - Review on cellular mediated and humoral immunity in tuberculosis, the research of which Robert Koch has fundamentally initiated. Problems of immunity are playing a role in the course of tuberculous infection and disease, in BCG-vaccination and in therapy. T-lymphocytes and activated macrophage system contribute to regulate resistance to tuberculous infection. the role of antituberculous antibodies in the course of tuberculous is still not fully clear. Genetic control mechanisms of immune response seem to exit also in tuberculosis, observed in animal experiments (mice). There can be selected 2 lines of animals with with quite different tuberculous resistance, highly sensible and more resistant strains to tuberculous infection, reacting also differently in their immune response. Immunological methods have a significance already obvious for estimation of prognosis. PMID- 6978577 TI - [Levamisole-induced changes of cellular immunity in patients with staphyloderma and indications for levamisole administration]. PMID- 6978576 TI - [Comparison of myocardial scintigraphy, myocardial lactate extraction and coronary sinus blood flow before and after coronary artery bypass surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978578 TI - [Current problems of dermatology and venereology]. PMID- 6978580 TI - [Immunological characteristics of malignant skin lymphomas]. PMID- 6978579 TI - [Quantitative T- and B-lymphocyte correlations in patients with T. rubrum infection, pyodermatitis, syphilis and psoriasis]. PMID- 6978581 TI - Nasal carriage of pathogenic bacteria in Kalauna Village, Goodenough Island. AB - Nasal swabs from 62 villagers of Kalauna, Goodenough Island were cultured. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from 16 of 25 adults (64%) and 36 of 37 children (97%). Significant regional clustering of prevalent pneumococcal serotypes were seen among families in core hamlets. Five of 20 adults (20%) and 30 of 37 children (81%) grew Haemophilus influenzae all of which were biotypable. A variety of faecal Gram negative bacilli comprising enterobacteria, Alcaligenes species and an aeromonad were isolated from 30 of 62 (48%) swabs. PMID- 6978582 TI - Otitis media in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6978583 TI - An action orientated antenatal card for Papua New Guinea. AB - Although the detection of obstetric high risk factors is recognized as a major aim of antenatal care, especially in developing countries, it has been found elsewhere that these factors are frequently missed at antenatal clinics. Detection rates have been much improved by antenatal record which carries printed reminders of risk factors and which directs the appropriate action to be taken when each factor is detected. PMID- 6978584 TI - Long-term results following surgical management of portal hypertension in children. AB - The article reports on 261 children with extrahepatic portal hypertension on whom surgery for control of variceal bleeding was performed. In 96 patients direct shunt operations and in 151 children shunt operations were effected. Cavo mesenteric shunts ensure best permanent relief from variceal bleeding due to extrahepatic block to the extent of 80% in children with mesenteric veins suitable for shunting. Side-to-side spleno-renal shunts and interposition of H grafts using the autologous jugular vein had a low incidence of thrombosis and rebleeding in the few patients in whom they were applied. The centro-splenorenal shunt with 47% incidence of rebleeding is now believed to be a second-choice operation. Direct operations to control haemorrhage from PVT are performed if no suitable veins for shunting are available. Partial oesophago-gastrectomy with colon interposition as well as portal azygos disconnection and oesophageal or gastric transection yield the best results. PMID- 6978585 TI - [Vascular ectasia of the right colon in over 60-year-old patients - rare cause of rectal bleeding]. PMID- 6978587 TI - Histiocytosis X. A reappraisal of a nosological concept with some remarks about brain pathology. PMID- 6978586 TI - [Immunomodulating action of levamisol preparation in the treatment of trichinellosis (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of Levamisol administered to patients with trichinosis, the influence thereof on the behaviour of lymphocytes T and B in the peripheral blood as well as the clinical course of the disease were analysed. In the 4th week Levamisol was administered to the patients in doses of 150 mg/24 h for 3 days and the same dose was given for 7 days in the 2nd and 4th week of the disease. The control group included patients with trichinosis who had not been given any drugs to produce immunological processes. A slight decrease in the percentage of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was observed in patients who had received Levamisol, immediately after having begun treatment. An increase in the percentage of T lymphocytes was noted in the patients who were treated with the drug as early as in the 2nd week of the disease. In patients treated with Levamisol, subjective complaints were observed which, however, ceased soon afterwards. No side effects of the drug were found. PMID- 6978588 TI - [Changes in indices of the morphologic dissociation reaction of clotted blood in the most acute period of ischemic stroke]. AB - Examinations of the changes in the parameters of the reaction of clotted blood morphological dissociation (CBMDR) occuring in the acutest period of ischemic cerebral stroke were carried out over time. Regular changes of those parameters were revealed, these changes depending on the disease gravity and time course. In graver forms and course of the ischemic stroke a diminution of the volume of the IIId blood-clotting fraction and a shortening of the time of its formation were observed. As the patients' state improved in the course of the conservative treatment given, the above parameters gradually approached those observed in the control group. On the contrary a deterioration of the patients' state led to a rapid diminution of the IIId fraction volume and shortening of the time of its formation. The changes of the CBMDR parameters allow one to judge about the gravity of ischemic cerebral stroke and the time course of the pathological process, as well as to assess the efficacy of the therapy given. PMID- 6978589 TI - [Role of the lymphocyte blast-transformation reaction in evaluating the immune system in rheumatic chorea]. AB - Using the lymphocyte blast transformation test the authors examined 20 healthy and 84 sick (with rheumatic chorea) children. As antigens phytohemagglutinin and aqueous-saline extracts from brain and heart tissues were used. It was found that the graver the disease course, the higher the levels of the sensitized lymphocytes, and the lower the functional activity of the T-system. This was taken as the basis for the method of calculating the activity index of the cellular link of autoimmunity the magnitude of which reflects the patient's clinical state quite clearly. An idea on using a correcting therapy of rheumatic chorea is suggested. PMID- 6978591 TI - Steroid metabolism by a tumour of the specific gonadal stroma in a child. AB - A study of steroid metabolism by a tumour of the specific gonadal stroma was carried out in a 10 year old boy. Tumours developed in the two testes from multiple foci, and clinically, no signs of sexual development were evident. Four testicular enzymes necessary for testosterone biosynthesis were estimated in the child, in two adult controls, and in three pre-pubertal boys with male pseudohermaphroditism but normal tests of Leydig cell function. 17 alpha Hydroxylase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were similar in the five controls and in the gonad with the tumour, while 17,20-desmolase and 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were grossly deficient in the child with the tumour. These enzyme deficiencies might explain the absence of peripheral virilization in a boy with a tumour of Leydig and Sertoli cells. PMID- 6978590 TI - [Reversible changes in the structure of the myelin membrane of the sciatic nerve of frogs by mechanical compression in vivo: an X-ray diffraction study]. PMID- 6978592 TI - Increase in the penetration of tracer compounds into the rat brain during 2 methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) intoxication. AB - The penetration of different intravenous tracer molecules such as 14C-labelled 2 methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (14C-MCPA), 14C-p-aminobenzoic acid (14C-PABA), 14C-sucrose, 14C-antipyrine and iodinated (125I) human albumin (125I-HA) into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied in MCPA-intoxicated and control rats. Toxic subcutaneous doses of sodium salt of MCPA (200-500 mg/kg) increased highly the brain/plasma and CSF/plasma ratios of 14C-MCPA and 14C-PABA, as compared to the muscle/plasma ratio. Probenecid (200 mg/kg) did not affect the cerebral MCPA concentration in the intoxicated animals. The tissue/plasma ratios of 14C-sucrose, 14C-antipyrine and 125I-HA were also increased in the brain and CSF of intoxicated animals, but the increases were less pronounced than those of 14C-MCPA or 14C-PABA. The results indicate that MCPA intoxication caused a selective damage of the blood-brain barrier in the brain areas studied. PMID- 6978593 TI - Influence of age on in vitro effect of cadmium on rat liver cytochrome P-450 concentration and monooxygenases activity. AB - Cadmium++ added in vitro destroys rat liver cytochrome P-450 (cyt. P-450) with increasing age by 25-50%. Ethylmorphine N-demethylation is inhibited only in rats 30-days old and thereafter. Ethoxycoumarin 0-deethylation is inhibited even in newborn rats, and the maximal inhibition appears to increase with age. It is concluded that in all age groups cadmium resistant cyt. P-450 subspecies are present. Ethoxycoumarin 0-deethylase activity possibly indicates the cadmium sensitive P-450 fraction. PMID- 6978594 TI - Parameters of the potential changes induced by cevadine on striated frog muscle membrane. PMID- 6978595 TI - Effect of acetylcholine on ion transport in the frog skeletal muscle. AB - 1. The effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the ion transport of frog (Rana esculenta) sartorius muscles was studied. ACh was applied in bathing solution, Na influx and K efflux were measured using 24Na and 42K isotopes. 2. Na influx of sartorius muscles was increased by 1 mmol/1 ACh 2-10 fold depending on the experimental arrangement. The increase was greater if Na influx was measured at the beginning of ACh depolarization. During ACh treatment the Na influx took about the same time course as the depolarization recorded extracellularly. This type of recording approximately reflects the depolarization proceeding on the sartorius muscle fibres. 3. The presence of 31 nmol/l tetrodotoxin (TTX) did not modify the degree of increase of Na influx. 4. Rate coefficients for K efflux were increased 2-5 fold by ACh. The maximum rate coefficients were obtained in the first minute of ACh treatment. 5. Increase in K loss evolves also in the presence of 31 nmol/l TTX. The increase in rate coefficients was found to be about 30% less than without TTX in the first minute of ACh action. 6. The results indicate that in the presence of ACh the observed increase in Na influx and K efflux is brought about mainly by changes in Na and K conductance induced by ACh at the end-plates rather than by the action potentials accompanying ACh depolarization. PMID- 6978596 TI - The influence of the process of urbanization on the prevalence of neurosis. A community survey. AB - An analysis is made of the influence of urbanization in a rural community of the North of Spain on the prevalence of neurosis. The methodology followed was based on a two-phase cross-sectional analysis of a representative sample of the population above the age of 15 years. We found tht while the "urban" area was associated with a high prevalence of neurosis (male = 8.5 %, female = 21.4%), in the "rural", and especially the "isolated" areas the prevalence was very low ("rural"; male = 4.5%, female = 14.5%; "isolated"; male = 3.6%, female = 12%). This high neurotic morbidity in the urban area was found to be significantly associated with the group of people characterized as young, single, with a low social and educational level, and with a non-skilled manual profession. Our results also show that the place of residence does not significantly influence the prevalence of the different types of neurosis. PMID- 6978597 TI - Injection sclerotherapy of bleeding oesophageal and gastric varices using a flexible endoscope. AB - Thirteen patients with acute or recent bleeding from gastro-oesophageal varices were treated by sclerotherapy using flexible fiberoptic endoscope. Primary haemostasis was obtained in 10 of 11 admissions with active bleeding. Three patients have been treated for gastric varices with the same method. Such treatment has not been reported before. During the follow-up period, three patients died, two of variceal haemorrhage and one of pneumonia. Ten patients are still alive 2-53 months after the first admission. A total of 117 treatment courses were given, on an average 9 per patient. Complications included superficial mucosal necrosis without clinical consequences in several cases, 3 patients developed oesophageal and gastric ulcers and one moderate oesophageal stenosis. Rebleeding occurred in 4 patients, in 2 of them because of ulcers at the sites of injections. PMID- 6978598 TI - Histochemical demonstration of glucagon and serotonin by a fluorescent method in the rat submaxillary gland. AB - The submaxillary glands of young rats were examined in vivo and in vitro. Yellow fluorescence in some cells treated with o-phthalaldehyde was observed and they yielded a positive reaction on staining with phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin indicating the presence of glucagon. These cells were localized between secretory endpieces of the gland. In rats treated with L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) cells similar in shape and size showed yellow fluorescence after the action of formaldehyde vapour. The results of histochemical studies and ultrastructural analysis seem to indicate the presence of cells similar to APUD endocrine cells in the rat submaxillary gland. PMID- 6978599 TI - Neuroradiological findings in multiloculated hydrocephalus. AB - The characteristic neuroradiological features of multiloculated hydrocephalus following neonatal meningitis and ventriculitis in five infants are presented. The role of ventriculography and computerized tomography in detecting multiloculated and enlarged ventricles and paraventricular cavities, as well as complete and incomplete septa, is emphasized for early diagnosis and surgical management. CT scan also provides clues indicating the presence of thin but not visualized septa. It is suggested that post-meningitic hydrocephalus should be repeatedly followed-up for detection of multiloculated transformation. Probably this entity occurs less uncommonly than was thought in the past. The CT scan appears the most helpful and safe procedure for the serial evaluation, but ventriculography may be usefully combined with it in order to plan the most suitable operative approach for fenestration of membranes. PMID- 6978600 TI - Clinical correlates of sway in old age--sensory modalities. AB - Sway has been measured by Wright's Ataxiameter in 151 frail elderly and five young subjects, and compared with various sensory modalities. There is a close relationship between increased sway and impaired vibration sense in the legs. No correlations emerged with proprioception but this may reflect the imprecision of the test. That neither vision nor vestibular deprivation correlated with sway confirms the place of these senses as secondary in the maintenance of posture. Vestibular impairment was found in only 6% of the elderly subjects, by tilt test- and these were the very old. There was a limited relationship between falls in the past year and both sway and proprioception. PMID- 6978601 TI - Indomethacin inhibits in vitro immunoglobulin production by human B-lymphocytes. AB - Immunoglobulin production from human B-lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was measured after 11 days of cell culture. IgM and IgG levels in culture supernatants were quantified using ELISA techniques. Addition of the prostaglandin cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10(-7) M) to cell cultures concurrently with PWM, inhibited both IgM and IgG synthesis by 80-90% in the four individuals studied. Reduction of immunoglobulin production was apparently concentration-related over the range studied (10(-6)-10(-8) M) and was not associated with cytotoxicity. If this action of indomethacin results from inhibition of cyclooxygenase, then prostaglandins or other arachidonic acid products could be involved in the regulation of human B-lymphocyte immunoglobulin production. PMID- 6978602 TI - A delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction initiated by a single T lymphocyte. AB - In vivo primed T cells injected into the footpad of naive recipients elicit a typical delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in the presence of their specific antigen. Serial dilutions of primed T cell populations were used in order to score positive and negative transfers. The values for the footpad swelling obtained after these transfers followed a bimodal distribution. This clear bimodal distribution with no overlapping between positive and negative transfers suggested that a single cell initiates the DTH reaction. Limiting dilutions of cloned T cells transferred with their antigen allowed us to demonstrate that a single cell is able to transfer a specific DTH reaction. PMID- 6978603 TI - Interaction between alpha 1 antitrypsin and lymphocyte surface proteases: immunoregulatory effects. AB - Alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) is the major plasma protease inhibitor. Radioiodinated alpha 1-AT binds to human lymphocytes. The binding is fast and reversible, and the cells can be saturated with a maximum of approximately 1.2 x 10(6) molecules of alpha 1-AT per lymphocyte. The receptor for alpha 1-AT is a surface-associated protease. Addition of alpha 1-AT completely inhibits cell surface proteolytic activity. Furthermore alpha 1-AT decreases 3H-thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes stimulated by B or T cell mitogens or by allogeneic cells. Since alpha 1-AT was shown to be produced by activated monocytes and to bind to lymphocytes, it is likely to represent a mediator of monocyte-lymphocyte interactions. PMID- 6978605 TI - Diagnosing organic mental disorders in the elderly. PMID- 6978604 TI - Chronic immune synovitis in rabbits. II. Modulation by anti-inflammatory and anti rheumatic agents. AB - Synovitis was induced in rabbits sensitized to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by a modification of the method of Dumonde and Glynn. Agents were administered starting on the day of initial BSA joint challenge and every weekday (14-17 doses) for 17 to 21 day periods. Synovial tissues were then excised and evaluated either (1) histologically for inflammatory cell infiltration, or (2) both histologically and for total IgG, anti-BSA, and beta-glucuronidase levels in homogenates of portions of the same tissues. By the intraperitoneal and oral routes, methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg/day), azathioprine (25-40 mg/kg/day) and cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg/day) produced significantly decreases of 40-100% in some or all of the parameters measured. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including phenylbutazone, ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid at oral doses of 75 or 100 mg/kg/day, were ineffective as were colchicine at 1 mg/kg/day and indomethacin at 5 mg/kg/day. Thus, as we have measured it, this model of rheumatoid arthritis is not affected by those agents considered to be of limited effectiveness in this chronic disease, but is ameliorated by corticoids and some slow acting agents. PMID- 6978606 TI - Marijuana legalization: solution or dissolution. AB - What is being suggested as the most feasible course now is a standfast position on the legal front; an aggressive, directed research program planned to answer the critical questions about marijuana; and a discouragement policy for adolescents. Legalization is not seen as a tenable solution for many reasons, and it is one that may be irreversible and regretted. PMID- 6978607 TI - Alcohol Control Policies, Alcohol Consumption, and Alcoholism. AB - This study evaluates the implications of two alcoholism prevention models. The single distribution (log-normal) model posits that the average level of consumption in a society is sufficient to account for the rate of alcoholism; the sociocultural model suggests that variables other than consumption account for alcoholism. Factor analysis and multiple regression were used to assess interstate differences in average alcohol consumption and alcoholism rates. Consumption, controlling for alcoholism rate, was found not wholly to be an economic phenomenon but rather was predicted by urban conditions (a factor measuring unintegrated foreign-born and minority groups and external social control) and two alcohol availability factors. Alcoholism rate was predicted by urban conditions and a social isolation factor, isolated females. Consumption was not a significant predictor of alcoholism in this multivariable analysis. It was concluded that it is an oversimplification to view alcoholism merely as an extension of heavy drinking. Availability is not a unitary dimension and appears, furthermore, to have little potential utility in controlling consumption of alcoholism. Neither of the two availability factors was related to alcoholism; bootlegging appears to be a compensatory mechanism for offsetting low legal availability. The results imply that alcohol control policies and alcoholism prevention need to be directed toward alleviating anomie and social isolation. A variety of efforts toward these ends are suggested: senior citizens programs, minority employment programs, English enhancement training for the foreign-born, etc. PMID- 6978608 TI - Intestinal bypass complications involving the excluded small bowel segment. AB - We have examined complications involving the defunctionalized bowel in 119 intestinal bypass patients. In this group, we found a 66% of incidence of bypass enteropathy. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis was present in three patients, severe blood loss in three, localized ulcerations in two, intermittent or chronic intussusception of the proximal jejunal stump in 10, and extensive stenosis relating to tight fibrous adhesions in one patient. The stenosis may become manifest as an obstructive process only after reconstitution of normal bowel continuity. Bacterial overgrowth in the bypassed small bowel was the primary cause for most of the lesions. A consistent diagnostic finding, suggesting disease in the excluded bowel, was ileal distention and the presence of gas-fluid levels on upright abdominal x-rays. Definitive diagnoses of ulceration, intussusception, and/or obstruction were sometimes possible only during laparotomy. Because the bypassed bowel cannot be examined with conventional techniques, these various abnormalities must be suspected when ill-defined abdominal complaints are observed in bypass patients. Metronidazole, to suppress anaerobic organisms, or suitable broad spectrum antibiotics can relieve the various lesions of the inflammatory process, whereas appropriate surgical procedures may be required for some of the chronic or recurrent complications. PMID- 6978609 TI - A needs assessment strategy for an era of limited resources. AB - Among the several methods of assessing need for health services, the social indicator and the rates under treatment approaches utilize routinely available data. A well designed community survey, considered by many as the criterion of need within an area, is costly, difficult to mount, and requires considerable expertise. Therefore, it would seem reasonable to attempt to limit the need to utilize this approach. Presented here is a schema which utilizes the social indicator and rates under treatment approaches for an entire catchment area, reserving the survey approach only for those areas in which the two readily available need assessments are at variance, suggesting questionable validity for one or both approaches. Within a suburban middle-class county containing pockets of small town poverty, a social area analysis was undertaken to characterize need for mental health services. Inpatient rates under treatment were developed to measure demand. Key informant and survey approaches were undertaken to study selectively those census tracts which were discordant as to need and demand. This resulted in reducing the size of the population to be surveyed to 25 per cent of the total county, thus more efficiently using the limited resources available for needs assessment purposes. PMID- 6978610 TI - A case of chronic aneosinocytosis. AB - A 59-year-old woman, after complete recovery from an episode of drug-induced agranulocytosis, was found to sustain a chronic absence of recognizable mature and immature eosinophils in blood and bone marrow during a follow-up period of 8 years. Her bone marrow and peripheral blood cells cultured in vitro were able to produce normal numbers of eosinophil colonies. The present disorder was thus not caused by a lack of EO-CFU-C, nor by a defect in EO-CSA, nor by an immunologically mediated mechanism acting on mature or immature eosinophils or on EO-CSA producing cells. It is suggested that the marrow was not able to differentiate normally along the eosinophil pathway, possibly owing to a microenvironmental defect or, less likely, an intrinsic stem cell defect. PMID- 6978611 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin: apparent molecular weight heterogeneity shown by two dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis was used to examine charge and molecular weight variability of alpha 1-antitrypsin. Two-D electrophoresis resolved distinctive differences among individual phenotypes. Microheterogeneity of charge was seen for the different alleles that corresponded to the charge variability observed on isoelectric focusing gels. The molecular weights of the major components of each allele appeared to differ from each other by approximately 1,000, suggesting, that in addition to sialic acid, there may be differences in neutral sugar composition between the individual components. In comparison to the M allele components, the corresponding S and Z components had higher molecular weights. The MZ and MS phenotypes showed characteristic patterns of protein spot doublets. Computerized quantitation was used to separate and estimate the contribution of each component to the overall allele composition. The Z allele components contained about 15% of the total MZ quantity. The 2-D electrophoresis technique may offer a new approach for molecular structural studies of alpha 1-antitrypsin variants and similar glycoproteins. PMID- 6978612 TI - Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis: probable linkage to the MNS blood group on chromosome 4. AB - Thirty-seven blood samples were analyzed for linkage from members of a single family with an anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis (ASMD1) with variable expressivity affecting members of at least six generations. Maximum-likelihood analysis for linkage between ASMD1 and 14 biochemical and serological markers in the family showed a probable linkage between ASMD1 and the MNS blood group on the long arm of chromosome 4 (Z = 2.36 at a recombination fraction of .09). PMID- 6978613 TI - Age-related changes in auto- and natural antibody in the Werner syndrome. AB - To assess the immunologic disturbance in WErner syndrome, antibodies to "intrinsic" (auto)antigens (anti-DNA antibodies and rheumatoid factors) and "natural" antibodies to "extrinsic" antigens (hemagglutinins for sheep red cells and antibodies against ABO blood type antigens) were measured in serum samples from 16 patients with Werner syndrome and compared with those from 150 healthy persons ranging in age from less than a year to 98. Employing a sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassay, we found that the levels of both anti-double-stranded and anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies in the IgG class gradually increased with age in normal donors; a more abrupt increase with age was observed in those with Werner syndrome, although they lacked any complication of renal disease and hypocomplementemia. The titers of rheumatoid factor detected by sensitized sheep cell agglutination also gradually rose in normal persons and patients with Werner syndrome. In contrast, the titers of natural antibodies declined with age in both groups. These disturbances in antibody production suggested that Werner syndrome expresses an accelerated form of aging in immunologic aspect. PMID- 6978614 TI - T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Report of a case studied with monoclonal antibody. AB - A previously healthy 74 year old woman presented with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and a mediastinal mass. The circulating lymphocytes were small to medium in size (some with convoluted nuclei) and W rosette-positive; they could be assigned to the inducer-helper subset of T cells with the acid of monoclonal antisera. These cells reacted with OKT3, which detects peripheral T cells; OKT4, which detects the inducer-helper subset of T cells; and OKT11, which detects the sheep cell receptor. It is noteworthy that they were also positive for the la-like antigen found on T cells only after activation. Microscopic examination of a lymph node biopsy specimen revealed a diffuse pattern of pleomorphic large cells characteristic of the T cell lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemias reported from Japan. However, the lymph node cells lacked the T-cell differentiation antigens present on the circulating lymphocytes. The findings in this case provide insight into the pathogenesis of this unusual disorder and are relevant to our understanding of the spectrum of surface antigens in the more common malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6978615 TI - Life-span development of institutionalized and community-based mentally retarded residents. AB - Life-span development of mentally retarded residents in institution and community settings was examined. Results showed that significant growth in adaptive behavior occurred for all groups of residents regardless of their level of retardation. Furthermore, the shapes of these growth curves were parallel across the different levels of retardation over the age range studies (5 to 50 years). Measures of the quality of the environment were available for institutionalized residents and were found to be unrelated to adaptive behavior growth; however, environmental quality was associated with initial levels of adaptive behavior, suggesting that for institutionalized residents, adaptive behavior competence may determine the type of environment provided. PMID- 6978616 TI - Bacterial endophthalmitis resulting from radial keratotomy. AB - Staphylococcus epidermis endophthalmitis developed nine days after surgery in a 47-year-old man who underwent a 16-incision radial keratotomy during which the cornea was inadvertently perforated. The anterior chamber showed marked cellular reaction and flare and there was a 5% hypopyon inferiorly. There was also a marked cellular reaction in the vitreous, which contained many fluffy white balls. Visual acuity decreased to counting fingers at 1 foot. A pars plana vitrectomy and intraocularly, periocularly, intravenously, and topically administered antibiotics resulted in recovery of the visual acuity to 6/9 (20/30). PMID- 6978617 TI - Ocular toxoplasmosis treated with pyrimethamine. PMID- 6978618 TI - Unduplicated counts of persons receiving psychiatric care in Monroe County, N.Y., in 1975. PMID- 6978619 TI - Pregnancy and esophageal varices. AB - A review of the case histories of 53 patients with established cirrhosis who had 83 pregnancies and 38 noncirrhotic patients with varices who had 77 pregnancies suggests that conception may occur in patients with varying degrees of hepatic decompensation, that sustaining gestation to term and delivery is unlikely to overtax cirrhotic livers in patients who are able to conceive, that infertility does not necessarily follow portal decompression operations, that fatal hemorrhage from preexisting esophageal varices is not more likely to occur during gestation, that variceal hemorrhage during pregnancy is not predictable on the basis of individual history of bleeding, and that the risk of variceal bleeding is not increased during vaginal delivery. Management of the rare patient with the combination of inactive cirrhosis, portal hypertension and esophageal varices requires a high degree of individualization. The strong desire for a child must be balanced against acceptance of an indeterminate prognosis of intrinsic liver disease, the possible need to terminate pregnancy in the presence of progressive hepatic decompensation, and termination of pregnancy when the potential for fetal abnormality resulting from serious hemorrhage early in gestation is significant. Under these circumstances and with currently available methods for the control of active variceal bleeding, a nihilistic approach cannot be justified. PMID- 6978620 TI - Injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices using ethanolamine oleate. AB - Fifty-three patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and proven esophageal varices were treated by intravascular injection sclerotherapy of the varices using a mixture of ethanolamine oleate, bovine thrombin and cephalothin. An intraesophageal balloon was used to impede craniad flow during the injection. Except in three patients who failed to stop bleeding from nonvariceal lesions, sclerotherapy was 94 percent successful in controlling bleeding. The mortality rate in sclerotherapy patients with ascites was 25 percent compared with 54 to 75% reported elsewhere. There has been no rebleeding from varices after the third treatment week in patients followed up for up to 14 months. PMID- 6978621 TI - Feelings of powerlessness and the role of violent actions in adolescents. PMID- 6978622 TI - [Acupuncture therapy in the outpatients-department of the University Clinic Heidelberg (author's transl)]. AB - Encouraged by the good results obtained using acupuncture anaesthesia, we started therapeutic acupuncture in our institute of anaesthesiology four years ago. In the meantime acupuncture is as important a therapeutic method in our out-patients department as are therapeutic local anaesthesia, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and biofeedback. The results in 520 patients who have been treated with acupuncture for different diseases are reported. The success of treatment, the number of sessions and the recurrence-rate within one and a half years are discussed for the different diseases. Acupuncture treatment was regarded successful when 1, the patient had no complaints at all without medication, and 2, when there was significant improvement (no long term medication, only mild complaints with unusual strain, which were responsive to minimal medication). Thus treatment in cephalgia was successful in 83% with no recurrences (NR) in 84%. In cervical pain syndromes the respective percentages were 80% (NR = 74%) in constipation 80% (NR = 72%), sinusitis 86% (NR = 100%), insomnia 100% (NR = 100%). Good results, albeit with high recurrence rate were achieved in cases of trigeminal neuralgia in 90% (NR = 23%), colitis ulcerosa in 100% (NR = 0%), in bronchial asthma 70% (NR = 50%) and in tumour pain 61% (NR = 0%). Treatment in patients suffering from parathymic conditions were unsatisfactory and results in cases of tinnitus were negative. PMID- 6978623 TI - Effects of digoxin on myocardial oxygen supply and demand in patients following coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Although digoxin is used frequently in patients in the prophylaxis of postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, the effects of the drug on myocardial oxygen supply and demand after coronary bypass have not been described. Seven adult patients with good ventricular function who underwent myocardial revascularization were studied before and three hours after digoxin (0.5 mg, iv). There were no significant changes observed in any measured systemic hemodynamic variable. Evaluation of global myocardial metabolism showed an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption (P less than 0.05) which was compensated satisfactorily, as no significant alteration was noted in the coronary sinus oxygen content, or in the lactate gradient across the myocardium. Since the authors studied the effects of only one dose of digoxin, the effects of full digitalization in these patients remains to be defined. PMID- 6978624 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol: hematologic and immunologic effects. AB - Inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol is a topically active corticosteroid that has proved to be of great value in treating asthma. The authors have examined the effect of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol on circulating leukocytes and on immunological measurements in normal adult subjects. Subjects inhaled either 400 micrograms or 1600 micrograms as a single dose. White blood cell counts, total neutrophil counts, total eosinophil counts and total lymphocyte counts were determined at 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours following an 8:00 a.m. inhalation. Among the 11 subjects who inhaled 400 micrograms, the total white blood cell count increased significantly at six hours (p less than 0.05). The total neutrophil count was increased significantly at 2, 4 and 6 hours (p less than 0.05). Total eosinophil counts and total lymphocyte counts were diminished but not significantly. Among the five subjects inhaling 1600 micrograms similar findings were observed. Seventeen volunteers inhaled 200 micrograms of beclomethasone dipropionate qid for 24 hours. In addition to the above studies, T and B cell numbers were determined and lymphocyte transformation studies were performed. Although trends similar to those observed with single larger dose inhalations were seen, the changes were not statistically significant. The results of these studies indicate that inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate does have the potential to affect circulating leukocytes. PMID- 6978625 TI - Recurrent aortoduodenal fistula: a lesson in management. AB - Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is a rare but often lethal complication of aortic reconstructive surgery. The diagnosis is often delayed due to the high percentage of false-negative using upper gastrointestinal series, angiography, and endoscopy. The diagnosis of AEF must be considered in any patient with a prosthetic graft and gastrointestinal bleeding. There are essentially two modalities of treatment: replacement of the graft or total removal of all prosthetic material and the construction of an extra anatomic bypass. A case report of a recurrent aortoduodenal fistula is presented that illustrated both delay in diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. We agree with the general trend in the literature that the appropriate management of this devastating complication is complete removal of the prosthetic graft, wide drainage, high dose antibiotics, and extra anatomic bypass. Any deviation from these basic treatment steps - such as replacement of the graft - ignores the infectious component of this complication and can result in the devastating lethal complication seen in this patient. With appropriate suggested management this once uniformly fatal complication can be treated effectively, resulting in an acceptable morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6978626 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the mode of action of antidiuretic hormone: the inhibitory effect of lanthanum. PMID- 6978628 TI - Vestibular and oculomotor physiology: international meeting of the Barany Society. PMID- 6978627 TI - Directional sensitivity of individual vertebrate hair cells to controlled deflection of their hair bundles. PMID- 6978629 TI - The ascending tract of Deiters' and horizontal gaze. PMID- 6978630 TI - Some thoughts about the three neurons in the vestibular ocular reflex. PMID- 6978631 TI - Eye-muscle geometry and compensatory eye movements in lateral-eyed and frontal eyed animals. PMID- 6978632 TI - Natural retinal image motion: origin and change. PMID- 6978633 TI - Vestibular habituation in man and monkey during sinusoidal rotation. AB - Habituation of the vestibular system by repeated steps of angular velocity leads to a shortening of nystagmus. These steps can be broken down into different frequency sinusoids. High-frequency sinusoidal rotation (above 0.1 Hz) generally was found to be ineffective, while low-frequency stimulation (0.0015-0.05 Hz) led to a dramatic shortening of time constants after only a few cycles of stimulation. In the alert monkey, time constants of vestibular nystagmus and single units, recorded from the vestibular nuclei, are always similar and covary together. Experiments in humans, with measurement of nystagmus and subjective velocity sensation, suggest similar processes for habituation. PMID- 6978634 TI - Unilateral habituation of vestibulo-ocular responses in the cat. PMID- 6978635 TI - Visually induced self-motion sensation adapts rapidly to left-right reversal of vision. PMID- 6978636 TI - Physiological mechanisms of the nystagmus produced by rotations about an earth horizontal axis. PMID- 6978637 TI - Early directional influence of visual motion cues on postural control in the falling monkey. PMID- 6978638 TI - Influence of labyrinthine hypoactivity on gross motor development of infants. PMID- 6978639 TI - Velocity storage, nystagmus, and visual-vestibular interactions in humans. PMID- 6978640 TI - Aftereffects of vestibular and optokinetic stimulation and their interaction. AB - In humans the influence of prior vestibular stimulation (3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 degrees/second2 for 10 seconds) and subsequent whole-field optokinetic stimulation (30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 degrees/second for 1 minute) or the presentation of a stationary pattern on after-nystagmus (AN) was studied. For comparison, pure vestibular and pure optokinetic stimuli also were employed. The presentation of a stationary pattern resulted in suppression of vestibular nystagmus, which recovered after the termination of fixation. Fixation during the period of AN I did not inhibit an AN II. During the combinations of vestibular and optokinetic stimuli when the elicited vestibular (VN) and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) had the same direction, there was a weak AN I toward the direction of the preceding VN and OKN, and a strong AN II toward the opposite side. When VN had been opposite to the subsequent OKN, there was a strong AN I toward the direction of OKN; AN II toward the opposite direction was small or mostly absent. Thus, AN was always stronger into the direction opposite to the previously elicited VN, indicating that the vestibular afference is the predominant input to the VAN II-integrator. PMID- 6978641 TI - Effects of gravity on rotatory nystagmus in monkeys. PMID- 6978642 TI - Input-output activity of the primate flocculus during visual-vestibular interaction. AB - In the primate flocculus, unit activity was recorded during vestibular (rotation of the monkey about the vertical axis in complete darkness), optokinetic (rotation of the visual surround around the stationary monkey), and conflicting (rotation of the visual surround and the turntable fixed together) stimulation. Activity indicating two different mossy fiber inputs was recorded. One carried a signal that was similar to that in the vestibular nuclei: during optokinetic stimulation, neurons saturated at a velocity of 60 degrees/second; and during conflicting stimulation, neuronal activity was attenuated only at low accelerations. This input combines vestibular, visual, and oculomotor information. Another mossy fiber input carried information about visual image slip only. This input indicates instances when nystagmus is not compensatory. Purkinje cells were modulated in their simple spike activity during optokinetic stimulation only at high stimulus velocities of 40-60 degrees/second and above, and during conflicting stimulation at high accelerations. This suggests a complementary information processing of the flocculus and the vestibular nuclei during visual-vestibular stimulation. The findings are corroborated by lesion studies in primates. PMID- 6978643 TI - Dynamic characteristics of the otolithic oculomotor system. AB - Vertical eye tracking test, up-down test, and running test in the dark and light were carried out to obtain Bode plots of transfer function of the opto oculomotor, otolithic oculomotor, and opto-otolithic oculomotor systems. 1. The gain and phase of the opto-oculomotor system obtained from the vertical eye tracking test were flat in a frequency range of 0.3 to 1.0 Hz. 2. During the up down test in the dark, the gain of the otolithic oculomotor system linearly increased at the rate of 20 dB/decade with an increase of frequency from 0.7 to 5 Hz. 3. During the up-down test in the light, the gain and phase were flat in a frequency range of 0.3 to 2.5 Hz. 4. The transfer function calculated with vertical head acceleration as input and vertical eye movement as output in the running test in the dark was similar to that in the light. The gain linearly decreased at the rate of 40 dB/decade with increase of frequency from 0.3 to 3.0 Hz. During running, eye displacement is almost in proportion to the head displacement in both dark and light. In daily, active movement such as running, eye movement proportional to head displacement appears without collaborative action of the opto-oculomotor system. 5. All five patients with bilateral loss of labyrinthine excitability exhibited a similar opto-oculomotor response to that of normal subjects. Three of the five patients did not show any eye movement corresponding to head movement in the up-down test in the dark. However, two patients showed a periodic eye movement in the same test, indicating dispersion of the gain and phase values. 6. These patients exhibited a rhythmic eye movement corresponding to head movement in the running test in the dark and light. However, values of gain and phase obtained in both tests were cultured. The variations in gain obtained from the running test in the light were observed in frequency ranges above and below 1 Hz. PMID- 6978645 TI - Disturbances of eye-head coordination during lateral gaze in labyrinthine disease. PMID- 6978644 TI - Vestibular influence upon head-eye coordination. PMID- 6978646 TI - The interaction between accuracy of gaze with and without head movements in patients with cerebellar ataxia. PMID- 6978647 TI - Nystagmus, gaze shift, and self-motion perception during sinusoidal head and neck rotation. AB - Report on eye movements and perceived horizontal head rotation in 26 healthy students during sinusoidal vestibular, visual, cervical, congruent vestibular plus-visual, or vestibular-plus-cervical stimulation. Circularvection occurred more often during neck afferent than during full-field optokinetic stimuli. In contrast, the cervico-ocular response had a low average velocity. As first noted by Frenzel (1928), a greater gaze shift distinguished the normal cervical from the normal labyrinthine response. The cervico-ocular and vestibulo-ocular responses were found to add up. Clinically, the results imply that ocular movements may be a poor measure of dizziness in cervical syndromes. PMID- 6978648 TI - Eye movements in patients with Wallenberg's syndrome. AB - We studied electro-oculographic and videotape recordings of eye movements in six patients with Wallenberg's syndrome. With fixation, all patients had a spontaneous rotatory nystagmus with the fast phase directed toward the intact side. With loss of fixation, the patients' eyes deviated tonically toward the side of the lesion. Voluntary and involuntary saccades had larger amplitude when directed toward the side of the lesion than away from it. The spontaneous nystagmus predictably interacted with all slow eye movements, producing asymmetric smooth-pursuit, optokinetic, and vestibular responses. In addition, smooth-pursuit and optokinetic responses were decreased significantly in both directions compared to normal subjects. Fixation suppression of vestibular nystagmus also was impaired in both directions. We concluded that two different types of oculomotor bias were present in these patients--a velocity bias and a position bias. The former resulted from damage to the caudal lateral vestibular nuclei, and the latter from interruption of cerebellopontine pathways. PMID- 6978649 TI - Head nodding associated with idiopathic childhood nystagmus. PMID- 6978650 TI - A hypothetical explanation for periodic alternating nystagmus: instability in the optokinetic-vestibular system. PMID- 6978652 TI - Tullio phenomenon with torsion of the eyes and subjective tilt of the visual surround. AB - A 44-year-old male patient had an acoustic trauma three years previously, after which he suffered from vertigo and tilting of the environment to the right when uttering the vowels u or e. At such times, a tonic eye torsion to the left, which lasted throughout the utterance, was observed under Frenzel's glasses along with head tilt to the left. The phenomenon could be elicited experimentally by right ear stimulation with low-frequency noise (mean frequency, 125 Hz; 90 dB), as well as by constant pressure. The patient also reported observing the phenomenon with loud noises, nose blowing, obstruction of his right external meatus with the finger, and with altitude pressure changes in a car. This suggests that the phenomenon is elicited via the eardrum and the ossicular chain. Since lateral head tilt and counterrolling were tonic and without nystagmus, it is unlikely that one of the semicircular canals is involved as in usual Tullio cases. Rather, the otoliths may play a role in pathogenesis. Possible causative mechanisms are discussed along with the relevant literature. PMID- 6978651 TI - Postural imbalance with head extension: improvement by training as a model for ataxia therapy. AB - Head extension may cause a physiological vertigo and postural imbalance separate and distinct from basilar insufficiency. This physiological imbalance mainly is due to a vestibular sensory deficiency when the utricular otoliths are beyond their working range because of the change in head position. Since the intact visual and somatosensory control hope widely compensate for the vestibular deficiency, head-extension vertigo is of particular concern only in certain stimulus situations or diseases in which the stabilizing input from the eyes or joint receptors is reduced. Balance training on foam rubber with head extension and closed eyes improved postural-sway activity up to 50% within five days. A daily short-term training effect and a long-term training effect together form a typical exponential sawtooth curve of postural stability over time. After termination of training, learned balance skill exponentially returns to the pretraining values within weeks. The percentage of improvement through training depends on the amount of initial instability. Clinicians should treat ataxia by exposing patients to stimulus situations producing increasing body instability in order to activate sensorimotor rearrangement. PMID- 6978654 TI - Modifications of vestibular nystagmus produced by fixation of visual and nonvisual targets. PMID- 6978653 TI - Effect of frontal-eye-field lesion on eye-head coordination in squirrel monkeys. PMID- 6978656 TI - Different effects involved in the interaction of saccades and the vestibulo ocular reflex. AB - The accuracy of human goal-directed saccades during passive sinusoidal whole-body rotation is the same as that of normal saccades with the head still. Two mechanisms contribute to this accuracy: 1. There is an incomplete summation (70% on the average) of saccade and VOR velocities. 2. The duration of saccades during head rotation is lengthened if VOR and saccade velocities have the same direction, and is shortened if their direction is opposite. The latter finding supports the hypothesis that saccades are controlled by local feedback. PMID- 6978655 TI - Impaired suppression of vestibular nystagmus by fixation of visual and acoustic targets in neurological patients. AB - Suppression of vestibular nystagmus induced by fixation of visual and acoustic targets moving with the head during sinusoidal rotation (0.1 Hz, 75 degrees/second peak velocity) was tested in cerebellar and noncerebellar patients. Visual suppression was impaired greatly in cerebellar patients, without correlation with visual smooth-pursuit defects. Acoustic suppression was equal to or slightly weaker than visual suppression. In noncerebellar patients, a disturbance of visual suppression was found only in the presence of a severe impairment of pursuit eye movements. Acoustic suppression did not parallel the visual-suppression pattern. In clinical vestibular examination, an impaired modulation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex suggests a cerebellar dysfunction, but also can occur in the presence of disorders of other parts of the CNS severely affecting the SP system. PMID- 6978657 TI - Visual-vestibular interaction in central nervous system disorders. PMID- 6978658 TI - Eye-velocity programming in brain-stem disorders. AB - Eye movements in 30 patients with brain-stem lesions were evaluated with electro oculography, and the findings were analyzed with regard to the site of the lesion in the brain stem. Eye velocities generally were reduced more severely in pontine than in medullary lesions. In medullary lesions, there even was a slight enhancement of the velocities in the fast component of optokinetic and postrotatory nystagmus. In contrast to the slow-phase velocity of OKN, which often was preserved in medullary lesions, the smooth-pursuit velocity was reduced in lesions at all levels in the brian stem. This indicates that these two types of visually induced eye movements use different mechanisms. PMID- 6978659 TI - Ocular torsion on earth and in weightlessness. AB - Ocular torsion (OT) was measured in human subjects during horizontal linear acceleration on a sled in the laboratory and when emerging from weightlessness during parabolic flights in NASA's KC-135 aircraft. Analysis of the frequency response of OT to sinusoidal horizontal oscillation on earth shows results consistent with constant tilt rate studies and with earlier models based on perception of acceleration. Step responses of OT to lateral acceleration are compared to similar profiles from aircraft tests with no preexisting gravitoinertial force on the otoliths. The sensitivity of OT to rotating wide fields producing vection and to tactile cues is compared for earth and weightlessness. A new instrument for high bandwidth video measurement of OT using a soft-contact-lens target is described. PMID- 6978660 TI - Vestibular and neurological disorders in diving competitors. PMID- 6978661 TI - Therapeutic strategies in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6978662 TI - Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody synthesis by cultured lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis: thymic and peripheral blood cell interactions. PMID- 6978663 TI - Immunoregulation of total IgC synthesis in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6978664 TI - Thymic myogenesis, T-lymphocytes and the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6978665 TI - Effects of drugs and antibodies on the post-synaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 6978666 TI - The effect of anti-thymocyte antiserum in progressive myasthenia gravis. AB - The therapeutic effect of goat anti-human thymocyte antiserum globulin (ATG) was assessed in ten patients with myasthenia gravis. Five patients had undergone prior thymectomy. All subjects had far-advanced, debilitating and progressing disease poorly responsive to classic anticholinesterase therapy. Prolonged, low dose ATG therapy was used with 1.0-2.6 grams/protein administered intramuscularly over a 28-73 period. Depression of cellular immunity was observed with anti thymocyte antiserum was more profound in patients with a prior thymectomy. Therapeutic responses of varying degrees were noted in 8 out of 10 patients. Completion of a course of ATG and discontinuation of the drug did not lead to acute relapse states. Follow-up examinations for over five years have been maintained. A mean remission period of approximately two years was observed. It is suggested that this therapy deserves further evaluation. Subjects with prior thymectomy and progressive disease may represent the most ideal candidates. PMID- 6978668 TI - [Some clinical aspects of celiac disease (author's transl)]. AB - 220 jejunal biopsies have been performed in 146 children. Out of these, thirteen have been recognized as suffering from celiac disease. Furthermore, the possibility of celiac disease being associated with other gastrointestinal disorders, either of the stomach or of the sigma and rectum has been considered. Any explanation for this association can only be hypothetical, because the pathogenesis of celiac disease needs further study. PMID- 6978667 TI - Monoclonal hybridoma anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies: antibody specificity and effect of passive transfer. PMID- 6978669 TI - [The diagnostic value of vertical nystagmus in the simultaneous bilateral calibrated caloric vestibular test (author's transl)]. AB - Vertical nystagmus provoked by simultaneous bilateral caloric stimulation has been known since 1907 (Barany). However, if a controlled and calibrated injection os water at 44 degrees C or 30 degrees C for 30 seconds at a flow rate of 250 ml/minute is given in normal subjects, this stimulus is insufficient to provoke a response, whilst in subjects with a central vestibular disorder there appear upward vertical movements with hot stimulation and downward movements with cold stimulation. The degree of this response is proportional to the degree of horizontal nystagmic responses to classical unilateral caloric tests. The authors feel that vertical nystagmic responses to simultaneous bilateral caloric stimulation reflect a loss of control of the vestibular reflex activity of the superior semicircular canals. PMID- 6978670 TI - [Pseudocaloric nystagmus (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of bithermal caloric tests on the velocity of spontaneous nystagmus was retrospectively studied in 107 patients with unilateral vestibular areflexia. In 35 out of 107 patients, the velocity or pre-test nystagmus was not lower than 15 jerks in 30 seconds. In our series, spontaneous nystagmus before the caloric test was mostly seen in patients with neuritis or sudden deafness, and as a rule, the tests had little effect on the velocity of the nystagmus. In 7 out of 10 cases of areflexic Meniere's disease spontaneous nystagmus was revealed by caloric tests. Spontaneous pre-test nystagmus was present in 6 out of 29 cases of neurinoma; its velocity was always reduced during the caloric tests. In 14 out of 25 cases of head injury, areflexia was usually compensated. Vestibular compensation can now be defined as the absence of vertigo, of spontaneous nystagmus before and after caloric tests and directional predominance. PMID- 6978672 TI - Multiple sclerosis: heterology among early T cells and Tg cells. AB - Circulating early T cells and TG cells were estimated simultaneously in 100 patients with multiple sclerosis and 21 controls. The results were analyzed from individual patients, from patients grouped according to disease activity, and from some patients studied longitudinally. Previously documented fluctuations in these two T cell populations were confirmed. By comparing the fluctuations and by examining the distribution of TG cells in suspensions of isolated early and isolated late T cells, it was found that TG cells are a T cell subpopulation distinct from early T cells. PMID- 6978671 TI - Humoral and cell-mediated immunity in peripheral blood following introduction of antigen into the middle ear. AB - Serum levels of specific IgG and the sensitization of peripheral blood T lymphocytes were measured in guinea pigs after single-dose antigenic sensitization by two routes: intratympanic and intradermal injection. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) served as the antigen. Intratympanic injection of antigen resulted in much lower levels of circulating anti-KLH IgG than intradermal injection. When KLH was conjugated with alum to produce nonspecific inflammation and serve as adjuvant, the intratympanic route was considerably enhanced, but remained much less effective than the intradermal route. Development of an IgG response was also somewhat less rapid following intratympanic than following intradermal administration. Marked sensitization of circulating T-lymphocytes was seen after intradermal injection of alum-precipitated KLH. A much weaker, though still positive, response was seen after intradermal injection of KLH alone and with the intratympanic injection of alum-precipitated KLH. No T-lymphocyte sensitization could be detected after intratympanic injection of KLH alone. It was concluded that the afferent limb of both humoral (IgG) and cell-mediated immunity was operative in the middle ear. Therefore, the middle ear does not represent an immunologically "privileged" site. On the other hand, the afferent limb from the middle ear appears to operate less effectively and rapidly than that from the dermis. This observation is consistent with observations in other mucosal systems. PMID- 6978673 TI - Experimental infections for the evaluation of beta-lactamase resistance. AB - The antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of the beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin cefuroxime and the gram-negative beta-lactamase-susceptible cephalosporin cefazolin were compared in two contrasting infection models in which Proteus morganii 82, which produces chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase, was the pathogen. In the rat paw model, characterized by high numbers of localized bacteria, cefazolin was destroyed at the site of infection and consequently did not produce a therapeutic response. In the mouse intraperitoneal model cefazolin was also inactive, despite peritoneal concentrations being unaffected by high counts of the beta-lactamase-producing P. morganii in the body cavity. In contrast the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime was unaffected by the presence of the beta-lactamase-producing P. morganii, and good therapeutic responses were seen in both models. PMID- 6978675 TI - Seminar on spinal cord stimulation for the control of pain and other neurological disorders. New York, April 1980. PMID- 6978674 TI - Chloramphenicol inhibition of the bactericidal effect of ampicillin against Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The effects of combinations of ampicillin and chloramphenicol against seven strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b (five beta-lactamase-negative and two beta-lactamase-positive strains) were evaluated by killing-kinetic methods. Growth of strains was assessed in modified Levinthal broth against an inoculum of 10(5) organisms per ml; colony counts were performed immediately and at 6 and 20 h postinoculation. Ampicillin and chloramphenicol were completely bactericidal at 20 h. reducing bacterial densities to 0 colony-forming units per ml at concentrations equivalent to the ampicillin inhibitory concentration and twofold the chloramphenicol inhibitory concentrations. Chloramphenicol at its inhibitory concentration or at one-half of its inhibitory concentration prevented the normally bactericidal activity of ampicillin at 20 h incubation, but not at 6 h. PMID- 6978677 TI - Stimulation of the spinal neuraxis by biocompatible electrical current in the human. AB - A 5-year retrospective study shows that stimulation of the neuraxis by biocompatible on-demand electrical energy systems is an effective alternative in the management of chronic organic regional pain syndromes. The clinical criteria of improved sense of well-being - reduction of drug intake and increase in activities of daily living - were employed to show that 50% of selected patients reported improvement in 60% of the cases in which stimulation-induced hypalgesia (SIH) was present. There is no apparent significant difference between mono- and bipolar electrical systems. There was no surgical mortality in the series. Complications of electrode migration (6%), rejection syndrome (14%), infection (6%) and unknown causes (8%) did present technical problems that are being resolved. Granulation tissue, apparently stimulated by electrical energy, suggests application in the healing processes. The existence of a variable response neuronal adaptation system is suggested in some patients by the drop in stimulation efficacy after long-term stimulation of fully implanted systems. Challenge of SIH by antagonist naloxone produced variable responses in cooperative patients. The soporific effect seen with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reported in 40% of cases is not seen with the fully implanted epidural systems, despite the use of similar on-demand pulse generators. Biocompatible electrical stimulation of the spinal neuroaxis holds promise as a management modality for highly selected human patients with chronic pain syndromes. PMID- 6978676 TI - Examination of possible mechanisms by which stimulation of the spinal cord in man relieves pain. AB - Stimulation of the spinal cord may be very helpful in controlling chronic pain. Traditionally it has been thought that pain control derives from antidromic activation of large-diameter primary afferents in the posterior columns, which inhibits activation of second-order neurons. Evidence against this hypothesis is presented. In addition, it is pointed out that stimulation of the anterolateral quadrant contralateral to the side of pain may require less current for pain control than stimulation with electrodes over the posterior cord. It is suggested that 'frequency-related conduction block' in the spinothalamic tract or in Lissauer's tract may play a role in pain relief. Because of uncertainty about the mechanism it is suggested that the term 'dorsal column stimulation' be replaced by 'spinal axis stimulation'. PMID- 6978678 TI - Spinal epidural electrical stimulation for pain control. Practical details and results. PMID- 6978679 TI - Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves for pain control. A 10-year experience. AB - Patients who underwent implantation of dorsal column stimulators from 1970 to 1973 were reviewed 7-10 years following stimulation. The number who achieved satisfactory pain relief was not significant. The criteria for selecting these patients were reviewed utilizing those now used in 1980. 50% of the patients originally selected would now be rejected for psychological or drug-related reasons. This long-term evaluation indicates no benefit to the patients treated with spinal cord stimulation. However, it appears that psychological factors were the most important reasons for failure. A smaller group of patients studied for 3 5 years following implantation of epidural spinal cord stimulators achieved a 70% pain control rate. Selection factors that explain these differences are discussed. PMID- 6978680 TI - Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in patients with demyelinating and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. PMID- 6978681 TI - Electrical stimulation of the conus medullaris to control the bladder in the paraplegic patient. A 10-year review. PMID- 6978682 TI - Multi-lead spinal cord stimulation for control of motor disorders. AB - This report presents observations in 160 patients undergoing chronic spinal cord stimulation for various disorders of the motor system and compares the results obtained using older conventional two-electrode bipolar stimulation with a newly developed four-electrode multiple level system. Improvement was noted in 84% of the 75 patients with cerebral palsy, 67% of the 42 patients with dystonia, 62% of the 21 patients with torticollis and 73% of the 22 patients with post-traumatic neurologic loss. Significant improvements were noted when comparing the two electrode system with the new multiple level electrode. Marked to moderately improved patients increased from 57 to 84% in cerebral palsy, from 44 to 82% in dystonia, from 53 to 75% in torticollis and from 53 to 80% in dystonia, from 53 to 75% in torticollis and from 53 to 80% in posttraumatic neurologic conditions. There was a corresponding marked drop in unimproved patients in each condition. PMID- 6978683 TI - Primary isotope effect of tritium on the hydroxylations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 6978684 TI - Pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) conversion of SP1 beta to SP1 alpha by "acidification": an artefact. AB - Late pregnancy serum and plasma were examined in rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE) and crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIE) before and after "acid treatment" (pH 2.5, 10 min). The analysis revealed changes in the precipitation morphology in the majority of circulating proteins extending from the albumin to the gamma region. In RIE, the precipitation pattern of SP1 was altered, this change being independent of polyethylene glycol. In addition, XIE analysis of SP1 revealed a change in the precipitation morphology with no change in electrophoretic mobility. The results can be explained by non-specific aggregation and denaturation due to "acid treatment", and are therefore unlikely to be of any biological or immunochemical importance. PMID- 6978686 TI - Cardiac surgery in a small community: an eight-year experience. AB - Long-term results of 374 open-heart procedures performed over an eight-year period in a small community hospital are presented. Patients were followed up for an average of 49 months. The heart unit did not conform to the yearly volume of cases suggested by current national guidelines. Nonetheless, we obtained some interesting results. 1. The hospital mortality in nonemergency coronary artery bypass operations was 1.8%; in all types of bypass operation, 3.3%; and 5.1% for all types of cardiac operation. 2. The attrition rate was less than 1% per year for all types of patients with a total long-term survival of 92%. 3. Patients having coronary artery bypass had a yearly attrition rate of 0.66% and a total long-term survival of 94.2%. 4. The average hospital cost per patient having open heart operation was $9,670 in 1978 and $11,073 in 1979. Case volume requirements for an open-heart-surgery unit in our area allowed an exception from the guidelines with emphasis on quality of results rather than quantity. This permitted comprehensive cardiac care especially for the poor and those with fixed incomes unable to afford the cost of traveling and associated expenses. Further similar reports may be valuable in the formulation of health policies for small communities that guarantee the health rights of all segments of the population. PMID- 6978687 TI - Electrolyte versus blood cardioplegia: randomized clinical and myocardial ultrastructural study. AB - In 40 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass, one of two solutions for cardioplegia, each containing 30 mEq/L of K+ was used randomly. The groups were comparable except for intramyocardial temperature. With electrolyte solution (Group A), it was 16.5 degrees +/- 0.34 degrees C, while with blood from the pump-oxygenator (Group B) it was 20.3 degrees +/- 0.41 degrees C (p less than 0.001). After bypass left atrial pressure (LAP) was 11.9 +/- 0.67 torr in Group A and 8.1 +/- 0.49 torr in Group B (p less than 0.001). CPK-MB was elevated in 45% of Group A patients versus 15% in Group B (p less than 0.05). No patient died. Two myocardial infarctions occurred in Group A and one in Group B. Stereological morphometric electron microscopy was performed on biopsy specimens taken from the left ventricle (1) before perfusion, (2) after cardioplegia, and (3) 30 minutes after reperfusion. Group A showed marked intracellular edema, mitochondrial swelling, pronounced depletion of glycogen stores, and focal myofibrillary disorganization. Group B showed near normal myocardial ultrastructure with increased glycogen stores and minimal mitochondrial swelling. Morphometric analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in the degree of mitochondrial swelling (51%) in Group A compared with Group B after reperfusion (p less than 0.001). Thus, blood K+ cardioplegia resulted in better preservation of myocardial ultrastructure, lower ventricular filling pressure, and lesser CPK MB release compared with this particular electrolyte cardioplegia. PMID- 6978685 TI - Yersinia arthritis: a clinical, immunological, and family study of 2 cases. AB - We describe 2 patients who presented with yersinia arthritis within a period of 5 months in Leicester. Both were HLA B27 positive. Arthritis followed 2 to 3 weeks after pneumonia, abdominal pain, dysuria, and evidence of hepatic involvement in the first case, and dysuria and conjunctivitis in the second. Immunological studies showed the presence of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies at a significant level against Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 in serum and synovial fluid, and immune complexes in the serum of the first case and synovial fluid of both. Arthropathy resolved after 16 weeks in the first case and 12 weeks in the second, the latter requiring systemic corticosteroids. Family studies revealed psoriatic spondylarthritis in the brother, and bilateral sacroiliitis in the mother of the second case. Both were HLA B27 positive. These are the fourth and fifth reported cases of yersinia arthritis in Britain. We believe the condition is probably underdiagnosed and that yersiniosis should be considered as a possibility in otherwise unexplained arthritis. PMID- 6978688 TI - Radionuclide ventriculography following coronary bypass surgery: correlation with arteriographic findings. AB - Radionuclide ventriculography demonstrates improved left ventricular performance during exercise following coronary bypass operation, but few data are available that compare the nuclear ventriculographic findings with arteriographic evaluation. We report the findings in 25 patients in whom both tests were performed within a short period of time. coronary bypass operations had been performed six weeks to nine years previously. Ejection fraction (EF) increased during stress in 5 completely revascularized patients. Exercise provoked deterioration in regional wall motion in 9 of 20 (45%) patients with incomplete revascularization, and EF failed to rise during exercise in 15 (75%). Although resting EF was similar in both completely revascularized patients and in those who were not (0.06 versus 0.58), EF during exercise was significantly greater in completely revascularized patients (0.68 +/- 0.02 versus 0.55 +/- 0.03, p less than 0.01). Exercise-provoked decline in EF in patients with coronary artery bypass grafts reflects continued significant occlusive disease. PMID- 6978689 TI - Correlation of hypotensive effect of plasma protein fraction with prekallikrein activator activity: a clinical study in patients having open-heart surgery. AB - We studied the hemodynamic responses to the administration of 20 ml of three protein solutions having different prekallikrein activator (PKA) activities in patients undergoing cardiac operation. PKA levels of the two plasma protein fraction (PPF) solutions studied were 193% and 60%, respectively, while that of the albumin solution was less than or equal to 3%. A significant correlation was found between the PKA activity of the test solutions and the decrease in systemic vascular resistance produced by the solutions during cardiopulmonary bypass and in the postoperative period. Vasodilatation was considerably more marked in the postoperative phase than during cardiopulmonary bypass. Since cardiac output increased simultaneously with the decrease in vascular resistance in the postoperative period, the hypotension observed did not fully reflect the degree of vasodilatation. In some patients, substantial vasodilatation was observed also after the administration of albumin solution with low PKA level. We conclude that although the PPF-induced vasodilatation correlates with the PKA activity of the solution, occasional hypotensive reactions are probably due to mechanisms other than those linked with increased PKA level. PMID- 6978690 TI - An alternative approach to isolated circumflex coronary bypass reoperations. PMID- 6978691 TI - Intravenous isosorbide dinitrate in the management of acute hypertension following cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Twenty-one patients with acute systemic hypertension following cardiopulmonary bypass received isosorbide dinitrate intravenously in order to determine its effectiveness in managing this postoperative problem. Twenty patients underwent coronary artery bypass operation, and 1 patient had a pulmonary valvotomy. Bolus administration (0.25 to 2.5 mg [3.0 to 40.0 micrograms per kilograms]) decreased systemic systolic blood pressure 23% and diastolic blood pressure 25% (both, p less than 0.01). Continuous controlled infusion (0.125 to 0.332 mg per minute [1.5 to 6.0 micrograms/kg/min]) caused a more modest drop in systemic blood pressure, with a 17% reduction in systolic blood pressure and an 11% drop in diastolic blood pressure (both, p less than 0.05). Additional pressure reduction and maintenance therapy were provided by intermittent bolus administration or a continuous infusion. Moderate venodilation (decrease in central venous pressure) accompanied the systemic pressure response. The heart rate was not appreciably altered and, with exception of 1 patient in whom systemic pressures were reduced to 105/60 mm Hg after bolus infusion, the desired level of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures were readily titrated and maintained in a stable, predictable manner. These observations suggest that intravenously administered isosorbide dinitrate is a practical, safe, and highly effective method of treatment of hypertension following cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6978692 TI - Surgical therapy for Prinzmetal's variant angina. AB - Fifty-two patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting between 1973 and 1979 for variant angina, defined as pain, usually at rest, associated with S-T segment elevation. Only patients with fixed occlusive coronary artery disease, defined as greater than 70% narrowing in diameter, were included. When fixed coronary artery stenosis is present, variant angina--whether presenting as stable, unstable, or postinfarction angina, and regardless of the number of vessels diseased--is effectively treated by myocardial revascularization. Preoperative intraaortic balloon pumping is a useful therapeutic adjunct in the unstable subset refractory to medical therapy. The results of revascularization in patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina and fixed coronary disease were no different from those in patients with classic angina pectoris of comparable clinical categories. PMID- 6978693 TI - Venous return after cross-clamping. PMID- 6978694 TI - Electrophysiological effects of butoprozine on isolated heart preparations. Comparison with amiodarone and verapamil. AB - The electrophysiological effects of butoprozine, a relatively new antiarrhythmic agent, were investigated in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres using a microelectrode technique and in frog atrial and ferret ventricular fibres using a double sucrose gap technique. Comparison was made with amiodarone and verapamil. Butoprozine increased the action potential duration like amiodarone, depressed the plateau phase like verapamil and decreased the amplitude and the maximum rate of depolarization. Pacemaker activity in Purkinje fibres and repetitive activity in frog atrium were inhibited by the three drugs. The inhibition of automaticity was related to a reduction of the slope of diastolic depolarization in both tissues by butoprozine and amiodarone. The results confirm that butoprozine possesses a potent antiarrhythmic activity. It acts by mechanisms common to amiodarone and verapamil. PMID- 6978695 TI - Adrenal androgen excess and defective 11 beta-hydroxylation in women with idiopathic hirsutism. AB - We studied the simultaneous responses of four serum androgens (testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) and five other steroids (deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone) to the infusion of small amounts of cosyntropin in eight patients with idiopathic hirsutism and in six normal women. Serum testosterone and androstenedione concentrations were significantly higher in hirsute women after graded cosyntropin infusions than in controls, as were concentrations of plasma deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol. Analysis of the substrate/product ratios 11-deoxycortisol/cortisol and deoxycorticosterone/corticosterone revealed defective 11 beta-hydroxylation in women with hirsutism. The presence of increased circulating androgen levels in response to physiologic amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone thus appears to be a common response in women with idiopathic hirsutism, and, together with impaired adrenal 11 beta-hydroxylation, points to an adrenal defect as important components of this disorder. PMID- 6978696 TI - Combined vitamin D parathyroid defect in thalassemia major. AB - A 17-year-old girl with thalassemia major experienced tetany. The serum calcium level was 5.5 mg/dL, and the phosphorus level was 6.3 mg/dL. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) were subnormal at 125 pg/mL and 8.1 ng/mL, respectively, As a result of these findings, serum 25-OHD and PTH levels were measured in an additional 12 patients with thalassemia major. Low levels of both 25-OHD and PTH were found frequently. An increase in serum 25 OHD levels was noted in each of four patients who were examined after iron chelation therapy. PMID- 6978697 TI - Haemophilus influenzae sepsis. PMID- 6978698 TI - Use of prophylactic antibiotics in orthopedic surgery. AB - The use of prophylactic antibiotics was studied prospectively in 2371 consecutive clean orthopedic operations. The infection rates for operations with obvious selection for antibiotic prophylaxis were twice as high (7.2%) as compared with operations with planned prophylaxis (3.4%) and with operations without such prophylaxis (3.7%). Sixteen per cent of all clean operations received antibiotics for prophylaxis and 85 per cent of all prophylactic courses lasted at least 8 days or longer. Fifty-one per cent of all antimicrobial drugs used during the study were administered for prophylaxis in clean orthopaedic operations. The length of the hospital stay was the only factor closely related to the length of antibiotic prophylaxis. The drugs most often used for prophylaxis were penicillinase-resistent penicillins. Significant increase of gram-negative pathogens was observed in cultures from wounds of patients on antibiotic prophylaxis. PMID- 6978699 TI - Cannabis effect on spasticity in spinal cord injury. AB - A study was done to examine the perceived effects of cannabis on spasticity of spinal cord injured persons. Data compiled from 43 questionnaires of spinal cord injured persons suggested the following: 1) spinal cord injured persons reported decreased spasticity with marijuana use; 2) present use of marijuana correlated positively with past use; and 3) the person's reference or peer group contributed significantly to current use. The study suggests the need to examine the relationship between measurable and reported changes in spasticity. PMID- 6978700 TI - Emergency transumbilical embolization of bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Eight patients had major hemorrhage from esophageal varices; in seven, one or two embolizations of the coronary and short gastric veins resulted in cessation of hemorrhage. This procedure can be used in patients with massive ascites, severe coagulopathy, or profound liver failure, as the access route through the dilated umbilical vein can be reached via a supraumbilical incision done with the patient under local anesthesia. All patients died; two deaths were attributable to complications of the procedure, the other six to the severity of the cirrhosis. Sclerotherapy may be combined with coronary vein embolization, but the risk of esophageal perforation may be greater than with sclerotherapy alone. PMID- 6978701 TI - [Cimetidine in the prevention of upper digestive hemorrhage in fulminating hepatitis]. AB - The value of cimetidine on the prevention of gastric hemorrhage in 8 patients with fulminant hepatic failure was appreciated. The frequency of hemorrhage in this series was about 25% which is significant different from his past experience (52%) or from that of the literature (54%). PMID- 6978702 TI - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Considerations on 27 cases]. AB - Twenty seven patients, inspected by endoscope, and diagnosed as having the Mallory-Weiss syndrome, have been studied taking into account their age, sex, background, clinic presentation, manifestations, number of lacerations, associated lesions and evolution. Twenty three of them were males and 4 females. The age average was 46.7 years. Only 8 patients had intra-abdominal increased pressure, suffering retching and vomiting 7 of them, while one had a cough access. Out of the 21 patients that we controlled, 9 were chronic alcoholism while 3 had ethanol intoxication previously. Immediate prior ingestion of salicylates had taken place in 6 patients. The clinical presentation of 22 of them was gastrointestinal bleeding, that is, 4.9% of all the upper endoscopies carried out within the bleeding patients. Single laceration was present in 22 cases, double one in 4, and triple in 1. We have frequently found endoscopy lesions associated, the most common one (37%), was hiatal hernia. They all were medically treated except one, who was operated because of gastric perforation was associated. Just one of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome patient died, due to an associated diffused bleeding gastritis. PMID- 6978703 TI - Percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy. Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6978705 TI - Toxicity, efficacy, and clearance of intravitreally injected of cefazolin. AB - The intravitreal injection of cefazolin sodium was evaluated with respect to its potential toxicity, efficacy, and clearance in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis in the rabbit model. Toxicity evaluation included indirect ophthalmoscopy, scotopic electroretinogram, and light microscopy of histopathologic specimens. Rabbits given doses up to and including 2.25 mg of cefazolin sodium showed no evidence of toxic reaction by these criteria after two weeks of observation. When injected within 24 hours of inoculation, 2.25 mg of cefazolin sodium sterilized five of six rabbit eyes infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Following intravitreal injection of 2.25 mg of cefazolin sodium, vitreous concentrations in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentration for S aureus were maintained for five days. A 2.25-mg dose of cefazolin sodium appears to be nontoxic, effective, and biologically active against susceptible organisms during a prolonged period, when injected into the vitreous cavity of the pigmented rabbit in vivo. PMID- 6978704 TI - Colpocephaly. An error of morphogenesis? AB - In colpocephaly, a specific form of fetal ventricular configuration persists into postnatal life. The occipital horns are disproportionately large and dilated. The condition is associated with mental retardation and is easily recognized by computed tomography or pneumoencephalography. Eight new cases of this condition are described and the pathogenesis is discussed. It is concluded that colpocephaly is an error in morphogenesis of diverse origins. PMID- 6978706 TI - Recurrent otitis media in association with immunodeficiency. PMID- 6978707 TI - Spontaneous cytotoxicity. PMID- 6978708 TI - The distribution and traffic of specific homocytotropic antibody-synthesizing cells in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infested rats. Comparison of synthesis with the kinetics of antibody and IgE levels in serum and lymph. AB - Synthesis of specific homocytotropic antibody by cells from various lymphoid and haemopoietic organs in rats infested with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis has been studied by use of homologous adoptive cutaneous anaphylaxis and compared with the kinetics of appearance in the serum and thoracic duct lymph of specific IgE antibodies. Using this technique, synthesis of specific mast cell-sensitizing antibody has been detected in the draining lymph nodes of the lung as early as 12 days after infestation and by 14 days in the draining lymph nodes of the small intestine. Specific IgE antibody was not detected in serum until between 16 and 18 days after infestation. The delay in detection of antibody in the serum is at least in part due to its rapid removal from the blood, because antibody en route to the bloodstream from the gut-associated lymphoid tissue was detected in the thoracic duct lymph plasma as early as day 12. A major traffic of homocytotropic antibody-secreting cells has been detected in the thoracic duct lymph of the infested rats. The results are discussed in terms of the possible role of immediate hypersensitivity in the expulsion of the parasite, the origin of the IgE antibody response to the parasite and the mechanism of the potentiated reagin response. PMID- 6978709 TI - Haemorrhagic enteritis syndrome of turkeys. PMID- 6978710 TI - Human complement component C4. Structural studies on the fragments derived from C4b by cleavage with C3b inactivator. AB - 1. One of the activation products of C4, C4b, was prepared, and the reactive thiol group on the alpha'-chain was radioactively labelled with iodo[2-14C]acetic acid. The alpha'-chain was isolated and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the first 13 residues was determined. 2. C4b was cleaved by C3bINA in the presence of C4b-binding protein and C4d and C4c isolated. The radioactive label and therefore the reactive thiol group were located to C4d. 3. C4c was reduced and alkylated and the two alpha'-chain fragments of C4c were separated. 3. The molecular weights, amino acid analyses and carbohydrate content of the three alpha'-chain fragments were determined. C4d has a mol.wt. of 44500 and a carbohydrate content of 6%. The two alpha'-chain fragments of C4c have mol.wts. of 25000 (alpha 3) and 12000 (alpha 4) and carbohydrate contents of 10 and 22% respectively. 4. The N terminal amino acid sequences of C4d, the alpha 3 and the alpha 4 fragments were determined for 18, 24 and 11 residues respectively and, by comparison with the N terminal sequence of the C4b alpha'-chain, the 25000-mol.wt. fragment (alpha 3) was shown to be derived from the N-terminal part of the alpha'-chain. 5. C Terminal analyses were done on the alpha'-chain and its three fragments. Arginine was found to be the C-terminal residue of C4d and of the alpha 3 fragment. The C terminal residue of the alpha'-chain and of the alpha 4 fragment could not be identified. The order of the three fragments of the alpha'-chain is therefore: alpha 3(25000)--C4d(44500)--alpha 4(12000). The specificity of C3bINA is for an Arg--Xaa peptide bond. PMID- 6978712 TI - Induction by triacetyloleandomycin and partial purification of a LM3 form of cytochrome P-450 from rabbit liver microsomes. PMID- 6978711 TI - Amino acid sequence around the thiol and reactive acyl groups of human complement component C4. AB - Activation of the fourth component of complement (C4) by C1s results in the generation of a reactive acyl group, able to react with putrescine, and in the release of a free thiol group that cannot be detected in the native haemolytically active molecule. Both the reactive acyl group and the free thiol group have been shown to reside in C4d, a fragment of the alpha'-chain of C4b derived from digestion of the molecule with the control proteins C3b inactivator and C4-binding protein. Peptides derived from CNBr digestion of [1,4 14C]putrescine-labelled and iodo(2-14C]acetic acid-labelled C4d have been obtained and used to establish a continuous sequence of 88 residues from the N terminus of the molecule. The thiol and reactive acyl groups are contained in an octapeptide that shows near identity with the equivalent sequences reported for alpha 2-macroglobulin and C3. Other adjacent short sections also show homology of sequence between the three proteins, and it is highly likely that they contribute to the overall structure that gives a unique reactivity to the thiol ester bond postulated to exist in the native forms of the three proteins. PMID- 6978714 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin synthesis by human lymphocytes. PMID- 6978713 TI - Inhibition of a novel subspecies of DNA polymerase alpha by 2'-deoxy-2' azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate. PMID- 6978715 TI - ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation in intracellular membranes of guinea pig macrophages after saponin treatment. PMID- 6978716 TI - Integration of purified adrenocortical cytochrome P-450(11) beta into phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 6978719 TI - A connective tissue disease complicated by insulin resistance due to receptor antibodies: report of a case with high titer nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies. PMID- 6978720 TI - VIII Pan-American Congress of Rheumatology in conjunction with the annual scientific meetings of the American Rheumatism Association and the Arthritis Health Professions Association. June 7 - 12, 1982, Washington, D.C. Abstracts. PMID- 6978718 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies to analyze peripheral blood and salivary gland lymphocyte subsets in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens, we studied lymphocyte subsets in 15 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. The absolute number of OKT8-positive cells (reactive with T suppressor/cytotoxic cells) was significantly decreased in such patients (353 +/- 186/mm3) compared to age matched controls (631 +/- 150/mm3) (P less than 0.001). The number of OKT4 positive cells (reactive with T helper/inducer cells) was comparable in both groups (932 +/- 588/mm3 versus 1.073 +/- 290/mm3). The ratio of OKT4/OKT8 reactive peripheral blood lymphocytes was increased (greater than 2.4) in 67% of these patients and ranged from 1.0 to 6.4 (normal = 1.8 +/- 0.3). OKT4-positive cells were the predominant subset in lip biopsy specimens stained with immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase techniques; the OKT4/OKT8 ratio exceeded 3.0 in all 5 patients examined. In 1 patient with pseudolymphoma, a lymph node biopsy specimen contained 80% T cells with an OKT4/OKT8 ratio of 3.2. Thus, OKT4 positive cells predominated in the peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as in sites of inflammation in primary Sjogren's syndrome. The decreased number of OKT8 positive cells in primary Sjogren's syndrome was probably not caused by circulating autoantibody, since patients' sera did not react with normal OKT8 positive cells. Functional studies using pokeweed mitogen demonstrated that T helper cell activity for immunoglobulin synthesis was contained in the OKT4 positive subset in both normal and patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes. Removal of OKT8-positive cells by complement-mediated lysis did not lead to increased immunoglobulin synthesis or production of rheumatoid factor. The identification of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets by use of monoclonal antibodies and the relationship of these subsets to tissue infiltrates and autoantibody production provide further insight into the pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 6978717 TI - Histone antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. A possible diagnostic tool. AB - Antibodies to total histones and histone fractions H1, H2a-H4, H2b, and H3 were measured in serum samples from 61 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 33 with rheumatoid arthritis, 17 with systemic sclerosis, and 20 with various other diseases by use of a sensitive immunoenzymatic assay. Histone antibodies were present in 52.4% of the SLE samples whereas only 1 of the samples from other diseases was positive (systemic sclerosis). The presence of these antibodies in SLE patients was not associated with any specific clinical manifestations, but was correlated with activity of the disease: 87% (20 of 23) of patients with active SLE, in particular 9 of 9 not yet treated, showed histone antibody whereas only 18% (4 of 22) of samples from patients with inactive SLE were positive. We believe that the measurement of histone antibodies would be a useful addition to the present laboratory parameters (antinuclear and double stranded DNA antibodies and circulating immune complexes) for the diagnosis and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus, particularly since they seem to appear during or just before the onset of an active phase and tend to be absent during remission. PMID- 6978721 TI - [Iatrogenic disease in hemophilia and Von Willebrand's disease]. AB - From a group of 115 children with hereditary haemorrhagic disease, nine suffered avoidable accidents or incidents during their treatment, these nine patients represent 8.6% of the cases. The observed complications included a giant cervical hematoma and hemomediastinum after a puncture of the internal jugular vein; an encephalic lesion associated with descompressive craneotomy; a hemophilic pseudo cyst associated with inappropriate treatment of a tibial fracture; acute bleeding and shock after surgery for tonsillectomy and circumcision; subdural hygroma after a subdural puncture; giant hematoma and acute anemia secondary to a venous dissection; permanent dyslexia after inappropriate puncture; giant hematoma and acute anemia secondary to a venous dissection; permanent dyslexia after inappropriate management of intracranial bleeding; bleeding and acute anemia after surgical drainage of a prepucial hematoma and a joint hematoma of the left knee after synovectomy and application of a prosthesis. PMID- 6978722 TI - Task-dependent properties of brain stimulation reward. AB - Lawful relationships established between lever-pressing and parameters of brian stimulation reward (BSR) were examined for several tasks. Task-contingent BSR was given to the same rats at identical sites using identical stimulation parameters. Lengthening stimulation duration from 100 to 300 msec increased lever-press rates. Subsequent lengthening from 400 to 800 msec decreased lever-press rates. Wheel-turning rates increased linearly with lengthening duration. The form of the response-duration function depended on current for lever-pressing but not for wheel-turning. As duration lengthened, time between responses increased systematically for the lever and was invariant for the wheel. Stimulation of the substantia nigra, posterior medial forebrain bundle, and anterior hypothalamus produced similar relations. To further examine the generality of these findings, licking and barrier-jumping were tested. Licking decreased monotonically as stimulation duration lengthened. Barrier-jumping increased from 100 to 500 msec and subsequently remained stable despite lengthening duration to 900 msec. In all tasks examined BSR was rewarding, but the form of the response-duration function depended on task characteristics. Since identical sites were stimulated, task differences cannot be attributed to neurochemical substrates. Results provide evidence for behavioral constraints on BSR. PMID- 6978724 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in healthy splenectomised patients. AB - In 16 normal subjects who underwent splenectomy for traumatic reasons, the T lymphocyte number (E rosette positive cells) and the proportion of T-cell subsets were assessed on peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. The findings, compared with not splenectomised normal controls, showed other than an increase in the absolute number of T-lymphocytes, mainly a significant increase of T gamma cells (21% +/- 5 vs 13% +/- 4) and a less marked decrease of T mu cells (38.7% +/- 7 vs 51.8% +/ 12). Probably this increase in T gamma cells is irrelevant on the immune response and represents only the effect of the redistribution of T-cell subsets after splenectomy. Alternatively, splenectomy, removing most of the lymphocytes that respond to antigenic stimulation, and, producing an increase in T gamma cells, may contribute to the development of an impaired B-cell response and sometimes to the development of severe infections which occur mainly in splenectomised children. PMID- 6978723 TI - [Detection of circulating immune complexes with the polyethylene glycol precipitation test: advantages and limitations of the method]. AB - The precipitation test with 3.5% PEG has been used to reveal the presence of circulating immuno complexes (IC) in a sample of 130 blood donors. The asymmetry in the O.D. distribution has been corrected by the square root transformation. The positivity threshold has been fixed at the superior extreme of the 95% fiducial interval relative to the transformed data of the control sample, namely at 0.125 O.D.280nm. The correlation between O.D. values obtained with PEG-test and serum concentration of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 has been studied in 50 of 130 blood donors, 53 patients with gastro-intestinal neoplasm, 73 patients with different forms of the rheumatic disease and 17 patients with cryoglobulinaemia. No significant correlation has been found in normal subjects. Instead, a positive correlation could be demonstrated between O.D. values and IgG concentration both in neoplastic, rheumatic and cryoglobulinemic patients, between O.D. values and IgM concentration in rheumatic patients only; a negative correlation has been found in rheumatic patients with regard to C4. The analytical results are, finally, discusses in relation to the reliability of the method as routine test for the detection of circulating IC. PMID- 6978726 TI - [Effects of increased temperature on the sensory transduction process induced by frog ampullar receptors]. AB - The function of the sensory organ in semicircular canals of the frog has been tested, at increasing temperatures from 20 to 34 degrees C, by recording the ampullar (Adc) and nerve (Ndc) potentials together with the afferent discharge of impulses in the VIII nerve fibres. The amplitude of the receptor potential increases by increasing the temperature up to 30 degrees C. Postsynaptic potentials and propragated spikes, by converse, are only slightly modified between 20-28 degrees C and are drastically depressed over 28 degrees C. The results are discussed also in connection with the possible use of the enzimatic pretreatment of the preparations to facilitate the insertion of microelectrodes in labyrinthine cells. PMID- 6978727 TI - [Clinical and instrumental findings in angina patient candidates for aortocoronary bypass surgery: statistical comparison between men and women]. PMID- 6978729 TI - Milia due to benoxaprofen. PMID- 6978730 TI - Chronic myeloid leukaemia blast crisis with T-cell features. PMID- 6978728 TI - Distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets in Hodgkin's disease characterized by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Mononuclear-cell suspensions of lymph nodes, spleen and blood from 24 patients with active Hodgkin's disease (HD) were studied for possible imbalance of T and B lymphocytes, and T-lymphocyte subsets, using monospecific anti-T antibodies and other reagents. A profile showing T-cell predominance was demonstrated in lymph nodes and blood, with total T-cells ranging from 50-70% of the cell count. As defined by monoclonal antibodies, 70-85 of the latter comprised the "inducer" subclass, the remainder being "suppressor" cells. There were no essential differences between histologically involved and uninvolved lymph nodes from HD patients, though total T-cell proportions were lower in "normal lymph node" controls. The profiles of spleens electively removed, as part of pre-treatment staging procedures, showed reduced total T-cell numbers, whether these were involved with HD or not. These differences are accounted for principally by fewer T "inducer" cells (24%, in spleen, v. 54% in involved lymph nodes and 47% in "normal" control nodes). Possible explanations for these findings are discussed. Our results demonstrate similar profiles in histologically diseased and normal tissue, rather than any clear imbalance of T-cell proportions which might explain the profound disturbances of T-cell function frequently demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6978725 TI - Peripheral rosette forming cells with SRBC-AET in type B acute viral hepatitis. AB - Peripheral E-rosette forming cells (E-RFC) have been enumerated in 15 patients with type B acute viral hepatitis (AVH-B) using sheep red blood cells pretreated with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (SRBCAET). Percentages of E-RFC in mononuclear cells (MC) preparations obtained during the acute stage of the disease were not different from those in normal controls. Patients re-assayed in the resolving period of AVH-B universally showed significantly reduced values of E-RFC compared to the acute phase values. Defective rosetting with SRBCAET may reflect immune-related modifications associated with the recovery from hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 6978731 TI - High percentage of proliferating cells in a splenectomized patient with a B prolymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 6978733 TI - Primary structure of monkey osteocalcin. AB - The complete 49-residue amino acid sequence of osteocalcin from the old world monkey Macaca fascicularis has been determined by efficient combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Edman techniques. This vitamin K dependent protein of bone matrix contains three gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues at positions 17, 21, and 24, as well as a disulfide-bonded loop (23--29). Features of the sequence which apparently are required for the binding of Ca2+ have been strongly conserved throughout evolution. PMID- 6978734 TI - Phosphorus-31 and fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance of gene 5 protein oligonucleotide complexes. PMID- 6978732 TI - In vivo stimulation and inhibition of granulopoiesis: the effect of an inflammatory reaction on murine diffusion chamber granulopoiesis. AB - Humoral factors influencing granulopoiesis have been evaluated using diffusion chambers (DC) implanted in the peritoneal cavity of mice challenged by an aseptic abscess produced by the subcutaneous implantation of copper rods. This resulted in an increase in peripheral blood neutrophils and an increase in tibial granulocytic elements. When DC loaded with bone-marrow cells were implanted into mice stimulated the day before by an aseptic abscess significantly more CFU-s, CFU-c, proliferative and non-proliferative granulocytes were produced, as compared to DC implanted into control hosts. When DC were implanted 4-6 d after the induction of inflammation in mice a significant depression of DC granulopoiesis was observed. Levels of serum and DC fluid CSF and serum inhibitors of in vitro colony growth showed no correlation with DC myelopoiesis. The data show that mice undergoing an inflammatory reaction elaborate first humoral substance(s) enhancing CFU-s and granulocytic growth in DC and next inhibitory factor(s) of DC granulopoiesis. PMID- 6978735 TI - Conformational and functional changes in the fourth component of human complement produced by nucleophilic modification and by proteolysis with C1s-. PMID- 6978736 TI - On the substrate specificity of the red cell calcium pump. AB - ATP-dependent active calcium transport in inside-out human red cell membrane vesicles is stimulated by magnesium essentially parallel with an increase in MgATP concentration. At a constant, low (1 microM) calcium concentration, increasing ATP and magnesium increase the maximum calcium transport rate irrespective of the constant or decreasing concentrations of CaATP present. KCa for calcium pumping is practically unchanged at variable ATP and magnesium concentrations. Free magnesium above 1-2 mM inhibits active calcium transport, probably through a direct interaction with the transport enzyme. Based on the experimental findings reported we suggest that the true, physiological substrate of the red cell calcium pump is MgATP. PMID- 6978737 TI - [Effect of x-irradiation on morphologic reactions in the epidermal melanophore cells of Rana temporaria L. larvae]. PMID- 6978740 TI - Cyclosporin-A is selectively cytotoxic to human leukemic T cells in vitro. AB - We have studied the antileukemic effects of cyclosporin-A (CyA) on the cells of a number of human hematopoietic biopsies and established cell lines in vitro. Cya killed the tumor cells but not the nonmalignant control cells from three of four patients with T-lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma at concentrations comparable to those recommended in clinical long-term immunosuppressive therapy. The leukemic cells from 7 patients with B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia were insensitive to CyA. The drug was cytostatic and cytolytic to three of five T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines tested. With the possible exception of a plasma cell line, all other control cell lines (B-lymphocytic lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, fibroblast, and glia cell lines) were resistant to CyA. These observations indicate that CyA or its derivatives may be useful as a highly selective antitumor agent in different T-cell malignancies. PMID- 6978739 TI - The kinetics of local anesthetic blockade of end-plate channels. AB - The effect of the local anesthetic QX222 on the kinetics of miniature end-plate currents (MEPC)and acetylcholine-induced end-plate current fluctuations was studied in voltage-clamped frog cutaneous pectoris neuromuscular junctions. The rate constants for a kinetic scheme of local anesthetic blockage of end-plate channels were calculated from the MEPC decay parameters. At 18 degrees C the blocking rate constant was 1.1 +/- 0.3 x 10(7) exp (-0.009 +/- 0.003 x V)s -1M-1, and the unblocking rate constant was 5.7 +/- 0.6 exp (0.011 +/- 0.002 x V)s -1. The dissociation constant was close to 10 microM at -80 mV. End-plate fluctuations indicated that the local anesthetic QX222 lowered the effective single-channel conductance, suggesting a finite blocked state conductance that was calculated to be 1.6 pS. The apparent differences between QX222 interaction with end-plate and extrajunctional channels are discussed. PMID- 6978741 TI - T lymphocyte growth factor as a regulatory molecular for the growth and function of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6978738 TI - Orientational changes of the absorbing dipole or retinal upon the conversion of rhodopsin to bathorhodopsin, lumirhodopsin, and isorhodopsin. AB - The orientational change of the absorbing dipole of the retinal chromophore in vertebrate rhodopsin (rhodo) upon photo-excitation to bathorhodopsin (batho), lumirhodopsin (lumi) and isorhodopsin (iso), has been studied by polarized absorption and linear dichroism measurements on magnetically oriented frog rod suspensions that were blocked at liquid nitrogen temperature. Both the azimuthal component delta theta and the polar component delta theta of the total angular change were studied in separate experiments. Delta theta was estimated from polarized absorption measurements on rods oriented transversally with respect to the analyzing beam. The data show unequivocally that upon the rhodo leads to batho transition, the dipole shifts out of the membrane plane by only few degrees; delta theta congruent to -3 degree. This azimuthal shift was nearly exactly reversed upon the batho leads to lumi decay. A very small shift (delta theta less than or equal to 1 degree) toward the membrane plane was observed upon a rhodo leads to iso conversion. The polar component delta theta of the angular shift was estimated by studying the photoreversion of linear dichroism induced by photo-excitation with polarized light in rods oriented parallel to the analyzing beam. Upon the rhodo leads to batho transition, ther was a shift delta theta = 11 +/- 3 degrees. The overall angular shift upon this first photo-exciting step, which corresponded to the isomerisation of retinal, was only delta omega = 11 +/- 3 degrees. This is smaller than what may be expected for a cis-trans isomerization of a retinal molecule with one end fixed, and different from what has been previously estimated by another group. These discrepancies are discussed. PMID- 6978742 TI - Alterations in the phenotype of hairy cells during culture in the presence of PHA: requirement for T cells. AB - Culture studies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 7 entirely typical cases of hairy cell leukemia showed that after culture in the presence of PHA for 2--5 days, the predominant cell type changed from E- SIg+ CIg+ gamma FcR+ muFcR+ hairy cells to an E+ SIg- CIg- gamma FcR-muFcR- population of transformed cells derived from hairy cells. Depletion and readdition experiments demonstrated that cell-to-cell contact with T cells was necessary for the phenotypic change, while several observations indicated that the E+ population was not derived from T cells present before culture. The E positivity of the cultured cells was shown to be due to the possession of E receptor not acquired from the culture fluid, but the cells differed from true T cells in lacking both mature and immature T-cell antigens. The relevance of these in vitro observations to the continuing controversy concerning the nature of the hairy cell and to the in vivo fluctuations in immunologic phenotype not infrequently observed in hairy cell leukemia is briefly discussed. PMID- 6978744 TI - Regulation of human blood erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) proliferation by T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by Fc receptors and monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6978743 TI - Emergence of B-immunoblastic sarcoma in patients with multiple myeloma: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases. AB - Immunologic and histologic studies were performed in 10 cases of myeloma that showed progression to a more aggressive proliferation, designated as immunoblastic sarcoma of B-cell type (B-IBS). Several patterns of clinical presentation were observed: eight patients showed typical multiple myeloma, four developed B-IBS within the bone marrow, and four developed B-IBS in multiple extramedullary sites; the remaining two patients had relatively localized myeloma, but also showed development of extramedullary B-IBS. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to their prognostic import and their relationship to current concepts of plasma cell development. PMID- 6978745 TI - Macrophage differentiation of human precursor B-cell line by phorbol ester and colony-stimulating factor. AB - A human round cell line, KLM-2, is considered to be precursor B-cell by immunologic surface marker analysis and histochemical studies. The effect of 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and/or colony-stimulating factor (CSF) on KLM-2 cells was investigated. KLM-2 cells became adherent to the bottom of the flask on day 2 after liquid culture with TPA, and the number of macrophage-like adherent cells (mAC) with pseudopodia showed a TPA dose-dependent increase to the peak level on day 3 or 4. The mAC had a phagocytic activity. The suspending cells were positive for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (NAE) up to about 50% in culture with TPA. A TPA concentration of 100 ng/ml was optimal to provide a maximum number of mAC and NAE-positive suspending cells. Particularly, such effects of TPA on KLM-2 cells were markedly accelerated in the presence of CSF. These findings indicate macrophage differentiation of KLM-2 cells in the presence of TPA and CSF. KLM-2 cells may be a bipotential stem cell line differentiating into B-cell and monocyte-macrophage lineages. PMID- 6978746 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against T-cell antigens studied by immunohistochemistry. AB - Fifteen monoclonal antibodies against different T-cell antigens were studied by immunohistochemistry in thymus, fetal thymus, fetal liver, palatine tonsils, and a few T-cell lymphomas. OKT 9 was identified as reacting with hemopoietic stem or precursor cells in fetal liver as well as with early B-determined lymphocytes in tonsillar germinal centres. OKT 10 labelled lymphocytes in thymus and surprisingly also the cytoplasm of some tonsillar cells with plasma-cell like appearance. OKT 6 and MAS 036 b reacted only with thymic cells. OKT 4, OKT 5, OKT 8,8-11, labelled thymic cells- and portions of interfollicular cells in tonsils. OKT 3, NEI 016, NEI 015, and T 28 stained a majority of thymic cells and of tonsillar interfollicular lymphocytes. IFH-M 203, NEI 012 and 4-11 were positive with the majority of T-lymphocytes in tonsils but labelled only a few thymic cells. PMID- 6978748 TI - Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance in medicine. PMID- 6978749 TI - Cytochrome P-450-dependent O-dealkylase activity in mammalian skin. AB - 1 A modified technique for the measurement of O-dealkylase (ODA) activity in crude homogenates is reported, and its application to skin is described. 2 Large differences in ODA levels were found between different species, no activity being observed in the skin of primates. 3 Induction of cutaneous ODA in mice was achieved by the subcutaneous injection of phenobarbitone, hexachlorobenzene or 20 methylcholanthrene. 4 Attempts to induce ODA in vitro were unsuccessful. PMID- 6978747 TI - Ferritin levels and circulating immune complexes in patients with solid tumors. AB - The level of ferritin and circulating immune complexes (IC) were measured in 53 patients with solid tumors and metastasis using C1q binding assay and the conglutinin binding assay. The level of circulating IC was increased in patients (p less than 0.001) as compared to the controls. Ferritin level was increased in both male and female patients (p less than 0.001), even when the ferritin value was corrected by the aspartic transaminase value, to take for hepatic damage in account. Ferritin was not found to be an important component of immune complexes as IC ferritin did not exceed 2 per cent of total serum ferritin in the 10 patients that were investigated. These results suggest that ferritin levels and circulating IC were increased in patients with solid tumors and metastasis, but that these two parameters are not correlated. PMID- 6978751 TI - Acute complications of metastatic melanoma to the gastrointestinal tract. AB - The gastrointestinal tract is a favoured site for metastatic melanoma. Complications such as obstruction, bleeding or perforation should be alleviated by surgery in order to improve the patient's condition for further systemic therapy. Six patients with melanoma involving the gastrointestinal tract are presented: 3 were operated upon for metastatic lesions in the small bowel causing intussusception, 2 patients were treated for perforation of the small bowel and 1 patient with massive bleeding from metastatic melanoma in the stomach underwent gastrectomy. Two of the patients are alive 6 months and 4 years respectively after these operations. The other 4 survived between 6 months and 2 years. PMID- 6978752 TI - Electrically induced short-lasting tetanus of the calf muscles for prevention of deep vein thrombosis. AB - Electrical calf muscle stimulation during surgery has been used for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with varied results in several studies. This effect is mainly achieved by the reduction of venous stasis in the legs. Another possible beneficial effect might be an increased fibrinolytic activity of the blood secondary to the muscle contractions. Previously, single electrical impulses have been used for stimulation, giving rise to 'single twitches' in the muscles. In the present study the effect on calf volume of muscle stimulation with groups of impulses giving a short-lasting tetanus was investigated. Changes in calf volume were recorded by strain gauge plethysmography. Optimal values for duration, number and frequency of the impulses within the groups were determined. Stimulation with groups of impulses reduced calf venous volume approximately three times more efficiently than stimulation with single impulses. Calf muscle stimulation did not enhance the increase in fibrinolytic activity of venous blood observed after oesophago- or laryngoscopies under general anaesthesia. PMID- 6978750 TI - The effect of tubocurarine competition on the kinetics of agonist action on the nicotinic receptor. AB - 1 The rates at which tubocurarine associates with, and dissociates from, the nicotinic receptor, while exerting its classical competitive effect, are still in doubt. We have investigated this problem by observing the effect of low concentrations of tubocurarine on the re-equilibration rate, following a step change in membrane potential, of the current produced by carbachol in voltage clamped endplates of frog muscle. 2 It is expected, and observed, that in order to see the effects of competition (as opposed to ion channel block), sufficiently high agonist concentrations must be used so that the relaxation rate becomes faster than that seen at low agonist concentrations. 3 Small concentrations of tubocurarine were found to reduce this relaxation rate, towards a value appropriate to a lower agonist concentration. 4 The results suggest that tubocurarine equilibrates very rapidly with the nicotinic receptor. 5 Some of the possible technical problems of this sort of experiment are discussed. The results are similar to those already published for nicotinic receptors in eel electric tissue. PMID- 6978753 TI - Factors identifying the probability of further haemorrhage after acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. AB - Ninety-five (24 per cent) of 389 admissions with acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage had further haemorrhage. An analysis of factors leading to further haemorrhage was undertaken by considering patients' clinical history, physical state on admission and endoscopic findings. The risk of further haemorrhage was significantly greater in patients bleeding from oesophageal varices or peptic ulcer and in those patients who were sober, shocked or anaemic on admission. Overall, those over 60 years of age were more likely to rebleed, but this difference was not apparent in relation to endoscopic source of blood loss. PMID- 6978755 TI - [Testing the effects of hydrazones and osazones of sugars on Trichomonas vaginalis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978756 TI - [Surgical indications for congenital and early acquired cataract]. PMID- 6978754 TI - Development of nodal and paranodal membrane specializations in amphibian peripheral nerves. AB - Peripheral nerves from the hind legs of frog tadpoles were examined in order to ascertain the pattern of development of nodal and paranodal specializations in myelinated fibers. In thin sections the earliest detectable node-related specializations resemble "intermediate" junctions between axons and Schwann cell processes. These occur in individually ensheathed axons near the edges of the sheath segments and could represent early nodal or paranodal components or transient structures. The characteristic nodal "undercoating" is indistinct and highly variable in thickness in immature fibers and its density is lower in developing nodes than in adult nodes. Corresponding freeze-fracture replicas of developing axons demonstrate aggregates of nodal E face particles whose concentration is lower than that in the adult. Such aggregates usually occur immediately adjacent to Schwann cell indentations, even though early in development the latter may not exhibit the paracrystalline pattern seen in the adult paranodal axolemma. On rare occasions, node-like particle aggregates and presumptive nodal undercoatings have been observed without recognizable paranodal junctions or indentations nearby. However, neither specialization has been found in axons not individually ensheathed by Schwann cells. Paranodal Schwann cell loops are widely separated and irregularly arranged in the developing nodes, and the paranodal regions flanking a node usually mature asymmetrically. Differentiated paranodal junctions appear early in axons ensheathed by only a few loose Schwann cell lamellae. However, such junctions are not formed by all paranodal loops; they consistently appear first in the loops close to the node and only later in those further removed. No junctional specialization has been observed in either the axolemma or the Schwann cell membrane without the close association of the other. PMID- 6978758 TI - Experimental ectopic mineralization in young boars I. The role of supplemental vitamin D inthe etiology. AB - Young boars supplemented orally with 800, 500,300 and 100 IU of vitamin D2/kg of feed and control boars not supplemented with vitamin D2 for four months developed mineralization in the left atrial endocardium, lamina muscularis mucosae of the fundic stomach and other sites. Since low levels of supplementation with vitamin D2 did not eliminate the lesions, the levels of vitamin D2 added appeared not to be involved in the pathogenesis. All boars had mild hypercalcemia throughout the experiment, and phosphorus levels in sera were lower in all animals receiving than in those not receiving calciferol. Mild morphological lesions of rickets developed in several boars not receiving supplemental vitamin D2 and in boars supplemented with 100 an 300 IU/kg of feed. PMID- 6978757 TI - Failure of narcotic antagonist to alter electroacupuncture modification of halothane anaesthesia in the dog. AB - Sixteen dogs were used to study the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture. Electroacupuncture lowered halothane MAC significantly (1.21 +/- 0.04 to 1.05 +/- 0.05 per cent, p less than 0.005). Reversibility of this effect by narcotic antagonist was then studied, using naltrexone 5 mg . kg-1 injected intravenously (10 dogs) or 0.5 mg . kg-1 intrathecally (3 dogs). We failed to see any reversal of the effect of electroacupuncture on MAC. Narcotic antagonist reversibility of acupuncture effect is taken currently to imply endorphin mediation. Possible explanation for our result include an electroacupuncture analgesia not mediated by endorphins. PMID- 6978759 TI - Von Willebrand's disease in two families of Doberman Pinschers. AB - The history, clinical symptoms and laboratory results in two families of Doberman pinschers with von Willebrand's disease are described. The affected animals illustrate the rather nonspecific bleeding problems that may be encountered in mild and moderate forms of this disease. In both families a bleeding diathesis was suspected when one member of the family underwent surgery with serious postoperative bleeding complications. These cases illustrate the importance of a thorough presurgical history as well as the necessity for specific laboratory assays of F VIII including von Willebrand factor activity for the recognition of affected and "carrier" animals. PMID- 6978760 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: an analysis of clinical and immunologic characteristics. AB - Six patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis were studied. Two patients had eye involvement, a rare manifestation of this disease. Both had complete disappearance of disease in this area after radiation therapy. One patient presented with an autoimmune hemolytic anemia, which remitted completely with chemotherapy. The use of corticosteroids or chemotherapy was effective in bringing about a decrease in pulmonary infiltrates in all six patients, although the duration of response was limited. One patient did have a prolonged period of clinical remission, and died of an unrelated cause. Evidence of profound immunologic abnormalities was found in these patients by a variety of tests. The extensive immunologic dysfunction present in patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis has not previously been described. Most strikingly, patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis have a severe impairment in T-lymphocyte function, confirmed by their inability to react to common skin test antigens or dinitrochlorobenzene, decreased in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens and antigens and changes in T-cell subset populations. This may account for the frequent development of malignant lymphomas in patients with this condition. PMID- 6978761 TI - Pseudolymphoma with mycosis fungoides manifestations, hyperresponsiveness to diphenylhydantoin, and lymphocyte disregulation. AB - Three patients receiving diphenylhydantoin (DPH) were seen with a reversible process suggesting mycosis fungoides. Clinical and laboratory manifestations included generalized pruritic exfoliative erythroderma, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, circulating Sezary cells, epidermal Pautrier's microabscesses on skin biopsy, and moderate liver dysfunction. Studies of the distribution and function of the various lymphocyte subpopulations from these patients showed: (1) an increase in the relative and absolute number of T lymphocytes (85--92%); (2) significant stimulation of lymphocyte-blastic transformation by DPH and low response to pokeweed mitogen stimulation; (3) the impaired ability of T gamma lymphocytes to suppress B-cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production. With only one exception, 15 symptom-free patients on DPH showed none of these abnormalities. The clinical manifestations and immunologic abnormalities of patients with this pseudo mycosis fungoides syndrome remitted three to four weeks after DPH administration was discontinued. The proliferation of T lymphocytes and the inhibition of the function of T gamma suppressor lymphocytes noted in these patients may be significant to the development of other types of pseudolymphoma and to that of true lymphoma. PMID- 6978763 TI - You and the law: problem-oriented recording--could there be a problem? PMID- 6978762 TI - Noncutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma histologically resembling mycosis fungoides. AB - We have studied the clinical and pathologic features of three patients with a distinctive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the diffuse mixed cell type. The tumors were characterized by a mixture of lymphoid cells of widely varying size and degree of nuclear transformation. A distinctive feature of the neoplastic cells was the presence of cerebriform nuclear contours identical to those seen in mycosis fungoides. Immunologic studies performed on lymph nodes from two patients revealed that the neoplastic cells were T-cells. Characteristic clinical features of the patients were an advanced stage of disease at diagnosis, absence of skin lesions, presence of lung involvement, poor response to aggressive chemotherapy, and a short survival time (9-13 months). The features described closely resemble those of the pleomorphic variant of Japanese adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. PMID- 6978765 TI - Employment following aortocoronary bypass surgery in young patients. AB - The work status following aortocoronary bypass surgery was evaluated by questionnaire in 268 male patients aged 44 years or less, after a mean follow-up of 38 months. During follow-up, 87% resumed work; when analyzed on a yearly basis, the rate of patients at work peaked at 2 years (80%) and then declined to 70% at 4 years. Multivariate analyses showed that the two most important preoperative variables predictive of work status after surgery were (1) the length of the period of not working, and (2) the educational level. Other influential factors were the presence of an associated vascular disease and the type of work, annual income and functional class. The postoperative health status, as described by the patient, was also closely correlated with return to work. Recurrence of angina after surgery impaired work resumption. A majority of patients who were never gainfully employed after surgery attributed the reason to their physician, while 93% of them stated that they received financial aid from the government. PMID- 6978764 TI - Characterization of the lymphokine responsible for migration-inhibitory activity against tumor cells. AB - Lymphokine-containing supernatants have the ability to inhibit the migration of a variety of tumor cells in vitro in the absence of cytotoxic effects. In the present study, this tumor migration inhibition activity has been characterized in order to determine whether the responsible factor is the same or different from other known migration-inhibitory lymphokines. Since no preparations purified to homogeneity are generally available for these various factors, a variety of indirect procedures is necessary to make this determination. The profile of effects of monosaccharides, protease inhibitors, and neuraminidase on tumor migration inhibition factor, taken in conjunction with previously reported studies of other physicochemical and biological properties, provides evidence that tumor migration inhibition factor is distinct from both migration inhibition and leukocyte-inhibitory factor. A lymphokine with migration-inhibitory activity against tumor cells is a good candidate for a variety of protective functions in vivo. PMID- 6978766 TI - Maltitol and maltotriitol as inhibitors of acid production in human dental plaque. PMID- 6978767 TI - Biological and physicochemical characterization of keyhole limpet hemocyanin induced guinea pig lymphotoxin. PMID- 6978768 TI - Lymphotoxin-induced changes in target-cell plasma-membrane protein: enhancement of synthesis and content. PMID- 6978770 TI - Analysis of subpopulations of glass-adherent mouse skin cells controlling resistance/susceptibility to infection with Leishmania tropica, and correlation with the development of independent proliferative signals to Lyt-1+/Lyt-2+ T lymphocytes. PMID- 6978769 TI - Glucocorticoid modulation of lymphokine-induced macrophage proliferation. PMID- 6978772 TI - [Candida albicans endophthalmitis in heroin addicts. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6978771 TI - [Retrospective analysis of the hospitalization of rheumatic patients]. PMID- 6978774 TI - Use of select mortality tables to reevaluate CABG. PMID- 6978773 TI - Employment patterns in males before and after myocardial revascularization surgery. A study of 2229 consecutive male patients followed for as long as 10 years. AB - Loss of productivity is a major concern among patients with heart disease. To assess the effect of surgery on this factor, we surveyed every living male patient of the surgeon authors operated on from January 1968 through March 1978 (96% follow-up) and compared their pre- and postoperative work status with the U.S. population as reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (USBLS). Comparisons were made on an age-for-age basis and adjustments were made for changes in national employment patterns from 1968-1978. Preoperatively, our younger patients had a 10% lower employment rate than the U.S. male population at large according to the USBLS. Postoperatively, many returned to work, but an equal number who worked preoperatively did not postoperatively. The ability to work full time with little or no limitation increased 20% after operation. The main reason for not working was physical disability, with doctor's advice a distance second. Older patients showed a trend of accelerated retirement after surgery. A few returned to work, but many more retired. The ability to work full time without limitation increased 4%. Thirty percent of all older subjects cited a desire to relax as their main reason for not working. Compared with the early years of surgery, patients in later years were older and did not show as much preoperative disability. There was some evidence of a deterioration of the effects of surgery. Patients with severely impaired left ventricular function fared worse both pre- and postoperatively, but the improvement was the same as for patients with normal or moderately impaired left ventricular function. PMID- 6978775 TI - Screening test for alpha 1-antitrypsin in dried-blood specimens. AB - We describe a fluorescent spot test for detecting alpha 1-antitrypsin activity in dried-blood specimens. The eluate of a blood disc is mixed with carbobenzoxy-L arginine-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin amide and trypsin at the appropriate pH. In the absence of alpha 1-antitrypsin, aminomethylcoumarin, a strongly fluorescent compound, is released. The reaction mixture, when spotted on chromatography paper and viewed under ultraviolet light, exhibits a bright fluorescence only in the case of specimens with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. alpha 1-Antitrypsin activity so estimated correlated well with quantitative assays of dried-blood spots and serum. The procedure is simple and inexpensive, and has the potential for use as a screening test. PMID- 6978780 TI - [Hypoparathyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978778 TI - Design and implementation of a prototype Human Protein Index. AB - This paper describes information-handling aspects of the TYCHO I analysis system (Clin, Chem. 27: 1807--1820, 1981), which analyzes two-dimensional electrophoresis gels, matches the individual protein spots with those in a reference pattern, and stores various information--including spot measurements, identifications, treatment profiles, set memberships, and comments--in a computerized database. This and additional information such as amino acid composition and cellular localization is then accessible from an interactive program that includes a pictorial user interface and presents much of the data in graphical form. Use of the TYCHO I system is illustrated by examples drawn from analyses of gel patterns from human leukocytes. PMID- 6978777 TI - A two-dimensional gel analysis of autologous T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - We sought polypeptide markers of pathways of lymphoid differentiation by comparing the protein-synthesis patterns of a pair of autologous human lymphoblastoid cell lines: the B-cell line CCRF-SB and the T-cell line CCRF-HSB 2. Cells were cultured in standard medium for 24 or 120 h, then biosynthetically radiolabeled with [3H]leucine. Whole cell lysates were subjected to two dimensional gel electrophoresis and patterns of protein synthesis were made visible by fluorography. Replicate cultures showed highly reproducible patterns, but differing culture durations produced alterations in the relative synthetic rates of some proteins. Protein synthetic patterns were analyzed visually and with the GELLAB system for computer analysis of two-dimensional gel images. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found between the T- and B-cell patterns. GELLAB detected and accurately paired most of the well-defined spots in each image and constructed a unified data base from data on our initial gels. Statistical analysis of this data revealed several marker proteins, the relative synthetic rates serving to distinguish the T-cell line from the B-cell line. Such computerized analysis of protein synthetic patterns of malignant cells appears likely ultimately to provide important diagnostic information regarding human malignancies. PMID- 6978776 TI - A computer program using Gaussian fitting for evaluation of two-dimensional gels. PMID- 6978781 TI - Autoantibodies against Tmu and B lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have decreased numbers of T mu lymphocytes in their peripheral blood. To find out whether these low number of T mu lymphocytes were associated with the presence of anti-lymphocyte antibodies, the sera of 27 patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated for the presence of autoantibodies against subsets of lymphocytes. In addition the numbers of T, T mu, T gamma and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of these patients were investigated. Patients with active RA showed lower numbers of T mu lymphocytes in their peripheral blood than patients with inactive RA. However, both groups of RA patients had significantly decreased numbers of T mu lymphocytes in their peripheral blood as compared with 22 age matched healthy donors. Moreover, mainly in patients with active RA cold reactive antibodies were found directed against T mu and B lymphocytes, but never against T gamma lymphocytes of healthy donors. Similar results were found in the indirect immunofluorescence procedure when tested for reactivity against T-cell subsets. This serum reactivity was not caused by rheumatoid factors or antinuclear antibodies. Since RA sera after precipitation with 2.5% polyethyleneglycol, still showed cytotoxicity against T and B lymphocytes, it is suggested that this serum reactivity is not caused by immune complexes but by antibodies. PMID- 6978782 TI - Spontaneous mouse erythrocyte-rosette formation in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Mouse erythrocyte-rosette-forming cells (MRFC) were determined in 76 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), 19 cases of centroblastic-centrocytic follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), five cases of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and in 62 control patients. The mean percentage of MRFC in B-CLL was 54.8% +/- 24.4%, in nodular centro-follicular NHL 2.3% +/- 3%, in hairy cell leukaemia 14.6% +/-14.7% and among the controls 3.2% +/- 1.9%. Thus, MRFC appear to be an excellent marker of B-CLL and sometimes the only B cell marker as in 11 cases of SIg negative CLL. There is no correlation between the percentage of MRFC and clinical staging according to Rai classification whereas patients with stage 2 in Binet's classification (isolated splenomegaly) have a significantly lower MRFC percentage (23.4% +/- 27.7%; P less than 0.05). There is no correlation with prognosis, nor with serum Ig levels. We found no correlation with surface phenotype IgM, IgM-IgD or IgG. Thus, this study does not confirm the hypothesis that MRFC might characterize and immature stage in the B lymphocyte differentiation. However, these results are consistent with another hypothesis which states that lymphocytes in CLL possibly originate from a clonal expansion of a normal B lymphocyte subset, characterized by a low concentration of SIg and a receptor for mouse erythrocytes. PMID- 6978783 TI - Two maturation-associated mouse erythrocyte receptors of human B cells. I. Identification of four human B-cell subsets. AB - Using rosetting tests with untreated mouse erythrocytes (M) and pronase-treated M (pro M), four human B cell subsets can be identified. Three of these, possessing the phenotypes BM+ pro M+, BM- pro M+ or BM- pro M-, constitute 17%, 61% and 22% of normal blood B cells respectively. The fourth subset, BM+ pro M-, does not occur in normal tissues but was found in the pre-B-cell line of Raji cells, indicating that this phenotype may be a marker for early B cells. Some differences in the proportion of each subset were found in cord blood, lymph nodes and tonsils. Surface-immunoglobulin-positive (SIg+) and -negative (SIg-) non-T cells were present in each subset. M and pro-M rosetting tests were applied to cells from blood of 27 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and to cells from involved nodes, spleen or marrow in five cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In 15 cases of CLL, there was considerable increase in the BM+ pro M+ subset (BM+ pro M+ type CLL); in seven cases, there was a predominance of BM- pro M+ cells and in another four cases, BM- pro M- cells predominated. All five cases of NHL were greatly enriched in BM- pro M- cells. There was no obvious correlation between rosetting and other surface markers but BM- pro M- clones in CLL or NHL always stained brightly with FITC-anti-Ig. This was not found in BM+ pro M+ or BM- pro M+ clones. Rosette formation of neuraminidase-treated B cells with M identifies the same subset as B-pro-M rosetting in normals and CLL. Evidence is presented that two types of receptors are involved in M and pro-M rosetting, designated R1 and R2, binding to corresponding M ligands L1 and L2. M rosetting is due to R1-L1 binding while R2-L2 binding mediates B-pro-M rosetting. Shifts between subsets within the same clone in some cases of CLL suggest that the subsets are distinct maturational stage of B-cell development rather than families of B cells of different lineage. The following B-cell maturation sequence is proposed: R1+ R2- lead to R1+ R2+ leads to R1- R2+ leads to R1- R2-. PMID- 6978779 TI - The diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency in a prematurely born infant on the basis of the urinary steroid excretion pattern. AB - The urine of a 6-day-old prematurely born female infant (birth weight 1060 g) suspected of having a 21-OH-deficiency showed no steroid abnormalities on capillary GLC analysis. Using GC-MS tetrahydrocortisone (THE) and also 3 alpha, 17 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-pregnane-20-one (17-OH-Polone) were absent, but two androstanetriolone peaks were observed. In the urine collected on day 9 THE was absent, but a large amount of 3 alpha, 11 beta-dihydroxy-5-alpha-androstane-17 one (11-HA) was found by GC-MS to be contaminated by a small amount of 17-OH Polone. The next urine specimen collected on the 22nd day while the child received cortisol therapeutically showed the characteristic steroid profile for the diagnosis 21-OH deficiency, large peaks of 17-OH-Polone, pregnanetriol (P3) and 11-keto-pregnanetriol (11-keto-P3). Over the next few weeks two other compounds were found to have been excreted in relatively large amounts, 3 xi, 16 xi, 17 xi, 20 xi-pregnanetetrol (16-OH-P3) and surprisingly also a 21 hydroxylated compound, namely 3 xi, 20 alpha, 21-trihydroxy-5-pregnene. These same two compounds were also found in the urine of another infant with suspected 21-OH deficiency. The urinary steroid excretion patterns characteristic for 21-OH deficiency are dependent on the maturity and age of the infant. In the prematurely born infant androstanetriolones appear in the urine before 17-OH Polone. The occurrence of these different steroid excretion patterns is tentatively explained. PMID- 6978784 TI - Two maturation-associated mouse erythrocyte receptors of human B cells. II. Isolation and partial characterization of a B-cell lectin with specificity of R1. AB - Trypsin treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells which have the capacity to rosette with mouse erythrocytes (M), the BM+ subtype, inhibits their capacity to rosette and releases a substance into the supernatant which agglutinates mouse and rat erythrocytes but not erythrocytes of five other species tested. This substance has been named immature B-cell lectin (IBL). The specificity of IBL was further demonstrated by fluorescence labelling, absorption and latex rosetting. IBL does not bind to pronase-treated M (pro M), indicating that it has the specificity of R1 as distinct from R2 which binds to a pronase resistant ligand on M. Other evidence that IBL is associated with B-cell membrane receptors for mouse erythrocytes is as follows: (1) The amount of IBL released into the supernatant correlated with the trypsin sensitivity of M rosetting with different clones of BM+ CLL cells. (2) Only small amounts of IBL were released from non-rosetting cells (T cells and mature B cells). (3) Binding properties of IBL were inhibited by extract of M but not extract from ox erythrocytes. (4) High titre solutions of IBL conferred the capacity to form M rosettes on certain types of non-rosetting B cells. IBL has a dual binding specificity. Its binding to M is inhibited by fetuin and mannan, while its binding to B cells is not inhibited by these substances. The relationship of IBL to other membrane lectins including fibronectin is discussed. Preliminary characterization indicates a high-molecular weight (at least 300,000 daltons) glycoprotein which has a pronounced tendency to aggregate in solution. The relationship of IBL to stages of human B-cell maturation is discussed. PMID- 6978786 TI - The IgE response of New Zealand black mice to ovalbumin: an age-acquired increase in suppressor activity. PMID- 6978785 TI - Differential effects of intravenous anaesthetic agents on cell-mediated immunity in the Rhesus monkey. AB - Considerable evidence has accumulated to implicate general anaesthetic agents as a cause of post-surgical immune depression. In the present study we evaluated the immuno-suppressive effects of three in vivo administered anaesthetic agents on cellular immune function in sub-human primates which did not undergo surgery. Normal rhesus monkeys received a minimal anesthetic dose of ketamine HCl, meperidine HCl, or sodium pentobarbital. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assayed for mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses and cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CC), including antibody-dependent CC, spontaneous CC and alloimmune CC. In vivo administration of the three agents caused significant reduction in lymphocyte functional capabilities. Within 30 min after administration of ketamine HCl or sodium pentobarbital, cytotoxic effector function was significantly depressed, with variable recovery occurring at 48 hr; cytolytic effector function was not impaired after meperidine HCl or in untreated controls. Ketamine HCl selectively suppressed effector function; mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses were not suppressed. Monkeys given meperidine HCl showed stable effector function and depressed lymphocyte proliferative function. Effects from sodium pentobarbital were non-selective, with reduced cytotoxic and proliferative lymphocyte functions. In summary, this study shows that intravenous anaesthetic agents are immunosuppressive in primates and exhibit disparate effects on afferent and efferent expressions of cellular immunity. PMID- 6978788 TI - Cytogenetic studies of RFM mice which are susceptible to host versus graft disease following the perinatal inoculations of (T6 x RFM)F1 spleen cells and of T6T6 mice which are not. PMID- 6978789 TI - Idiotype-bearing lymphoid cells in plasma cell neoplasia. PMID- 6978787 TI - Effect of unsaturated fatty acids on human lymphocytes: disparate influences of oleic and linolenic acids on natural cytotoxicity. PMID- 6978790 TI - Angiocardiography with the seven-pinhole collimator: evaluation of methodology and accuracy in assessing global and regional left ventricular function. AB - Determination of left ventricular function with tomographic radionuclide angiocardiography using a seven-pinhole collimator was evaluated by comparing results of invasive contrast studies and planar multigated blood pool imaging to the tomographic study of 25 patients. LAO, seven-pinhole multigated blood pool acquisition was reconstructed to produce eight slices from apex to base in each of eight segments of the cardiac cycle. After applying an edge detection routine, three-dimensional reconstruction of perimeters allowed cyclic viewing of the left ventricular angiogram in any projection. When planar and tomographic radionuclide techniques were compared to contrast studies, sensitivity and specificity for identification of segmental wall motion abnormalities were not different (93% and 90% for both). Ejection fraction was determined from tomography by integration of slices to produce a noncalibrated volume and from planar blood pool imaging and contrast ventriculograms by standard techniques. Ejection fraction as compared to contrast studies was accurately determined on the planar angiogram (R = .87, P less than .001) with tomographic analysis showing similar significant correlation (R = .79, P less than .001). Methodologic evaluation indicated that the tomographic study was readily positioned and acquired and provided the advantage of requiring little operator interaction. It suffers, however, from the disadvantage of long reconstruction times with current software and occasional difficulties in defining the superior extent of the left ventricle. PMID- 6978793 TI - Seven-pinhole tomography: curiosity or clinically useful technique? PMID- 6978795 TI - Vestibulitis as a manifestation of infectious mononucleosis: case report. PMID- 6978792 TI - The evolution of a brain abscess the complementary roles of radionuclide (RN) and computed tomography (CT) scans. AB - Serial Tc-99m glucoheptonate brain scans demonstrated a brain abscess in a patient from the earliest phase of acute focal encephalitis (cerebritis) through the capsule formation and the recovery phase. The role of the RN and CT scans in the diagnosis of the early stage of cerebritis and the complementary nature of RN and CT scans in intracranial infections, particularly abscesses, are discussed. Guidelines for the use of RN and CT scans are suggested. PMID- 6978791 TI - Clinical evaluation of emission tomography using seven-pinhole collimator: improved detection of perfusion defect by the addition of the right anterior oblique projection. AB - The clinical efficacy of thallium emission myocardial tomography using a seven pinhole collimator in the right anterior oblique (RAO) projection was evaluated. Myocardial tomography in left anterior oblique (LAO) and RAO projections was performed following planar thallium perfusion imaging at rest in 11 patients with myocardial infarction. The RAO tomogram was useful, especially in detecting apical perfusion defects, while the LAO tomogram was useful in detecting inferior and anteroseptal wall defects. For the four patients without an apparent myocardial perfusion defect seen on the planar image, the LAO tomogram showed a perfusion defect in three, and the RAO tomogram also showed the defect in three. One or the other of the two views demonstrated the defect for all 11 patients. The myocardial tomogram in the RAO projection, providing a sufficiently high quality and high-contrast image, gives useful information complementary to the findings of the commonly used LAO projection in the evaluation of myocardial infarctions. PMID- 6978794 TI - Systemic Hemophilus influenzae infection. A study of risk factors. AB - In Omaha, from 1974 to 79, 30 (12.5%) of 240 patients with Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia or meningitis had a wide variety of conditions known to be associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. Neonates and adults accounted for 47 per cent of the infections. Non-type b and non-typable strains caused 41 per cent of the episodes. Forty-one per cent of patients had bacteremia with no detectable focus of infection. The incidence of meningitis was low. Mortality was 28 per cent, considerably higher than in patients who were previously healthy. A review of the medical literature indicated that low-birth weight infants and patients with leukemia and other malignancies undergoing chemotherapy, splenectomy, congenital asplenia, sickle cell anemia, immunoglobulin deficiency diseases, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, and skull defects are at greater risk for systemic H. influenzae disease than the general population. PMID- 6978796 TI - Staphylococcus saprophyticus urinary tract infection. PMID- 6978797 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery: commonplace yet complicated. PMID- 6978799 TI - Mitral regurgitation in coronary artery disease. AB - Over a period of 5.25 years, 1,530 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent catheterization; 104 had associated mitral regurgitation (MR), and 60 had no complications. Twelve patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), with both pre- and postoperative angiograms. Nine of the 12 patients (75 percent) were in functional class 3 or 4. Left ventricular ejection fraction ranged from 34 to 75. The MR was considered severe (3+) in three, moderate (2+) in six, and trivial (1+) in three patients. Following CABG, all except two patients were in class 1. Of the 43 patients medically treated, 31 patients (72 percent) were in functional class 3 or 4. Angiographic results showed that five patients had 3+ MR, 14 had 2+ MR, and 24 had 1+ MR. The EF was less than 30 in 23 patients and greater than or equal to 30 in 20 patients, and left ventricular filling pressure was elevated. Twenty patients died, with a mean follow-up period of 11 months. Our study demonstrates that the surgically treated patients showed angiographic improvement in MR, improved functional status, and relief of symptoms compared with medically treated patients. We believe that a subset of patients with MR and CAD would benefit with CABG. PMID- 6978801 TI - Simplified method of intraoperative pulmonary artery flow-directed catheter insertion during cardiac surgery. AB - The importance of accurate perioperative hemodynamic monitoring in cardiac surgery has been emphasized in recent years. We describe a technique for the intraoperative insertion of a flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter. This method is done under direct vision and avoids many of the complications associated with percutaneous insertion techniques. PMID- 6978800 TI - Immunologic lung disease (part 2). PMID- 6978798 TI - Chromosomal radiation sensitivity in ataxia telangiectasia long-term lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - Elevated frequencies of spontaneous chromosome breakage and hypersensitivity to radiation induced chromosome damage are characteristic findings in cultured lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts of patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT). To determine whether long-term AT lymphoblastoid cells (B-lymphocytes) which do not express spontaneous chromosomal instability, exhibit increased chromosomal radiation sensitivity, four AT lymphoblastoid cell lines were exposed to various doses of 250 kVp X-rays during G2. At doses of 25 and 50 rad, the AT cells exhibited a 2-3 fold increase in radiation damage relative to that observed in B cell lines or PHA stimulated lymphocytes from normal donors, while at 100 rad, the AT cells demonstrated approximately 1.5 times more lesions. These findings suggest that the genetic (or other) factors responsible for increased chromosomal radiation sensitivity in AT lymphocytes and fibroblasts also operate in long-term lymphoblastoid AT cells. PMID- 6978802 TI - [Treatment of 5 cases of acute aplastic anemia with human antithymus lymphocyte globulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978803 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of ferric hemostatic preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978804 TI - Origin of circulating serum immunoreactive trypsin in man. AB - Serum trypsin concentrations within the portal venous system have been measured in man during transhepatic portal venography in an attempt to determine its source. In eight experiments, mean serum trypsin concentration at the splenic hilum was 180 +/- 25 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM). Trypsin concentration in the rest of the splenic vein was not significantly different. The mean concentrations in the portal vein (210 +/- 32 ng/ml) and within the superior mesenteric vein (233 +/-- 29 ng/ml) were, however, significantly higher than at the hilum (P less than 0.05). Following cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) and secretin stimulation, marked increases in serum trypsin concentration were seen within the portal vein (two patients) and deep within the superior mesenteric (two out of three patients). We conclude that circulating serum trypsin is derived, at least in part, from intestinal reabsorption. PMID- 6978807 TI - Lymphopenia and abnormal lymphocyte subsets in the "BB" rat: relationship to the diabetic syndrome. AB - The "BB" rat spontaneously develops insulitis followed by impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and/or an insulin-dependent diabetic syndrome like that in man. All diabetic rats in this study showed marked lymphopenia in blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. Peripheral blood lymphopenia antedated glucoregulatory disturbances. All rats showing either insulitis with or without IGT or diabetes were lymphopenic. None with normal lymphocyte counts developed any abnormality. Diabetics showed marked decrease in the proportions of T+ lymphocytes in all tissues. The proportion of B (Ia+) lymphocytes was normal in blood, spleen and thymus, but increased in lymph nodes. However, in absolute terms both T and Ia+ lymphocytes were decreased. The subset decreased by the greatest proportion in all tissues was that which includes helper T lymphocytes. Thus: a) generalized lymphopenia most marked for T lymphocytes has been shown, b) helper T lymphocytes show proportionally the greatest reduction, c)thymic helper T deficit suggests a thymic origin of the lymphopenia, d) lymphopenia is a possible marker for susceptibility to the syndrome. PMID- 6978806 TI - [Increase of the life span and decrease in the tumor incidence in C3H/Sn mice as affected by thymus and epiphysis polypeptide factors]. PMID- 6978805 TI - Hemorrhagic colitis. PMID- 6978809 TI - Modulation of renal production of 24,25- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in young and adult rats by dietary calcium, phosphorus, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and vitamin D3 metabolites on the renal metabolism of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) to either 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25-(OH)2D3] in the rat. The regulation of 25OHD3 metabolism was studied in both young and adult rats, since previous studies have suggested a change in the renal metabolism of 25OHD3 with age. Renal 25OHD3 metabolism was measured in vitro by incubating renal cortical slices with tritiated 25OHD3 and quantifying tritiated metabolites by high pressure liquid chromatography. The apparent Michaelis constant for the conversion of 25OHD3 to 1,25-(OH)2D3 in this system was 1.16 microM. Experiments were conducted in rats fed a vitamin D-deficient diet containing either 0.02% Ca (low Ca) or 1.20% Ca (high Ca) for 4 weeks. Young rats (4 weeks old) fed the low Ca diet demonstrated a 2.8-fold increase in 1,25-(OH)2D3 production, but no change in 24,25-(OH)2D3 production compared to young rats fed the high Ca diet. Adult rats (12 months old) fed the low Ca diet showed no change in 1,25-(OH)2D3 production, but exhibited a decrease in 24,25-(OH)2D3 production compared to adult rats fed the high Ca diet. Repletion of the young rats fed the low Ca diet with 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in a marked decrease in 1,25-(OH)2D3 production and an increase in 24,25 (OH)2D3 production. Repletion of the adult rat resulted in no change in 1,25 (OH)2D3 production, but a significant increase in 24,25-(OH)2D3 production. When young rats were fed diets containing various levels of Ca and P, it was found that 1,25-(OH)2D3 production was inversely correlated with plasma Ca over the range 4--13 mg/dl. Since the plasma Ca level of the adult rat was 11-12 mg/dl regardless of diet, this high concentration may explain the lack of 1,25-(OH)2D3 production observed in the adult. PMID- 6978808 TI - Forebrain structures which mediate the effects of stress on prolactin and growth hormone secretion in the rat. PMID- 6978810 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF): central effects on mean arterial pressure and heart rate in rats. PMID- 6978811 TI - Dose-response analysis of phenytoin on electrically induced seizures and spontaneous activity of cerebellar purkinje cells in the frog. AB - The hypothesis that phenytoin exerts its anticonvulsant effect by increasing the spontaneous firing rate of cerebellar Purkinje cells was tested in frogs (Rana pipiens). Time-dose-effect relationships were first established for the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin in intact frogs. Maximal seizures were induced by corneal electroshock (MES), and phenytoin was injected into the ventral lymph sac. At the time of peak effect (3 h), 20-40 mg/kg phenytoin protected 60-80% of frogs against tonic hindlimb extension (THE). With this functional data base, experiments were then undertaken to test the effect of phenytoin on Purkinje cell firing rates. Phenytoin was injected into the ventral lymph sac 30-45 min prior to anesthesia with tricaine. The cranium was opened, the dura mater overlying the cerebellum was removed, and the frog was then curarized. Single-unit extracellular recordings from Purkinje cells were made with NaCl-filled glass micropipettes 2-6 h after phenytoin injection, the expected time of maximum anticonvulsant effect. Effective anticonvulsant doses (20-40 mg/kg) of phenytoin produced no alteration in the spontaneous firing rates of cerebellar Purkinje cells compared to the rates in solvent-injected controls. Consequently, the hypothesis that the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin is mediated by an action on Purkinje cell firing rates is not supported by the results of this study. PMID- 6978814 TI - Regression of left ventricular wall mass index after coronary artery bypass surgery (CBS) in a group of patients with stable angina pectoris. PMID- 6978813 TI - Structure and catalytic inactivity of the bacterial luciferase neutral flavin radical. AB - A luciferase-bound neutral flavin semiquinone radical can be formed upon the oxidation of the luciferase-FMNH2 complex by molecular oxygen. This species can also be formed anaerobically by comproportionation of FMN and FMNH2 in the presence of luciferase. The radical is kinetically stable (t1/2 approximately 20 h at 0 degree C in air; the Arrhenius delta H not equal to decay being about 170 kJ/mol) and can be prepared in pure form by Sephadex G-25 chromatography at 0-4 degrees C. The pure enzyme-bound radical is inactive for light emission either with or without aldehyde, and is not in (relevantly rapid) equilibrium with the luciferase 4a-peroxyflavin, the active intermediate in the bioluminescent reaction. PMID- 6978812 TI - Purification and properties of a D-galactose/N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin from Erythrina cristagalli. PMID- 6978815 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography of the lung: preliminary results. AB - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the lung was performed, in addition to conventional camera scintigraphy, in 41 patients with pulmonary disorders as well as with regular pulmonary perfusion. For SPECT investigation a rotating gamma camera (Gammatome) was used consisting of a system with a high resolution parallel-hole collimator interfaced with a digital computer. In 6 of 41 patients the diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary scintigraphy was improved by SPECT. Topographic identification of segmental perfusion defects in pulmonary embolism seems to be particularly promising. Special abnormalities that cannot be assessed by conventional lung imaging are mediastinal hernia and recessus retrotrachealis as a normal variant. For a detailed evaluation of this method a large number of patients must be investigated. PMID- 6978817 TI - Functionally different subpopulations of mouse macrophages recognized by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Four rat anti-mouse macrophage monoclonal antibodies are described. Three of them are highly specific for macrophages, and one cross-reacts with granulocytes. All 4 antibodies do not react with membrane antigens shared by all macrophages, but with antigens present only on subpopulations of 20-50% of the cells. All antibodies are directly or indirectly cytotoxic for macrophages. The subpopulations defined by these antibodies can be correlated with certain macrophage functions. Thus, antibody M 43 eliminates macrophages that are activated by lymphokine to cytotoxicity. Antibodies M 43 and M 57 eliminate macrophages that kill antibody-coated tumor targets, and clone 102 (strictly macrophage-specific) eliminates natural killer cells. Only M 143, reacting with 10-30% of macrophages, has not yet been correlated with any function. With the use of these antibodies, cells of the macrophage lineage with specific functions can be recognized and eliminated from a given population. PMID- 6978816 TI - Combined IgA and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in a boy with severe respiratory tract infections and asthma. PMID- 6978820 TI - An effect of fibronectin in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated membrane protein phosphorylation in human carcinoma cells. PMID- 6978819 TI - Polymorphism of a Qa-1-associated antigen defined by cytotoxic T cells. I. Qed-1a and Qed-1d. AB - Tlad mice have a distinct Qed-1 allele, Qed-ld. Its product is detected by cytotoxic T cells raised in C57BL/6 (H-2b, Tlab) mice against cells from a new recombinant, B6-TL.123+ (H-2b, Tlad/b). Qed-1d is also found on cells from B10.M, A.CA and B10.STC90 mice. It cross-reacts weakly with Qed-1b (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 anti-B10.A(5R) effectors discriminate Qed-1a and Qed-1d, while C3H/HeJ anti B10.BR effectors cross-react extensively. CB6F1 anti-5R effector cells also discriminate between the Qed-1 antigens of B6-Tlaa (H-2b, Tlaa) and those of B10.BR and other H-2k, Tlaa strains. PMID- 6978818 TI - A systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease in mice induced by abnormal T-B cell cooperation. Preferential formation of autoantibodies characteristic of SLE. PMID- 6978823 TI - Specific suppression of depurination at deoxyguanylate residues by silver ions: a useful reaction for the identification of deoxyadenylate residues in DNA. PMID- 6978821 TI - [Sex differences in the effect of acylhydrazines on temperature and pain threshold and in pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution]. AB - It was shown that acylhydrazines derivatives display high sex selectivity during the action on normal or elevated temperature and pain threshold. Tissue distribution and the pharmacokinetics of 125I- or 131-I-p-aminobenzhydrazide in the blood of males and females were different. It is assumed that essential differences in the structure of cell membranes of males and females underlie the sex differences in the pharmacological effects of acylhydrazines. PMID- 6978822 TI - [Etiological approach to the analysis of the action of antidepressants]. AB - An approach has been used, which shows the necessity of separate evaluation of the recovering action of antidepressants on zoosocial and locomotor activity of mice. It was shown that iprazid and amphetamine exert an independent effect on motor and zoosocial activity suppressed by rausedyl. Melipramin activates for a short period of time the motor but does not recover the zoosocial activity. Fluoxetin increases the zoosocial activity but that does not cause stable activation of the motor activity. PMID- 6978825 TI - [Effect of actinomycin D and puromycin on the electrophysiological properties of the membranes of denervated frog phasic muscle fibers]. PMID- 6978826 TI - Lymphokine (interleukin-2) production by mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes in small reactors. AB - Human spleen cells or peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were stimulated with the T-cell mitogens concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin to produce the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). Culture conditions were optimized using 250-1000 ml reactor vessels. Optimal IL-2 release was found at a low speed of stirring allowing circulation of the medium without suspending the agglutinated cells, and at an oxygen concentration of about 30-45% of saturation. Cell viability was suboptimal at these conditions. PMID- 6978824 TI - Tension-pCa relation and sarcoplasmic reticulum responses in chemically skinned smooth muscle fibers. AB - Properties of bundles of smooth muscle fibers in which the surface membrane has been rendered highly permeable by chemical treatment (saponin) are described. These preparations are termed chemically skinned smooth muscle fiber bundles. Thin bundles were isolated from guinea pig teniae ceci and skinned in a relaxing solution by treatment with 50 micrograms/ml saponin for 20-30 min. Because Ca2+ sensitivity progressively decreased on repeating contractions or on incubating in a relaxing solution, the tension-pCa (-log10 [free Ca2+]) relationship was determined soon after the skinning by a single contraction in which the [free Ca2+] was increased in a stepwise manner. Unlike skinned skeletal muscle fibers, in skinned smooth muscle fiber bundles the tension-pCa relationship was not affected appreciably by the changes in pH from 6.4 to 7.2, in ionic strength from 0.15 to 0.30 M, or in [MgATP] from 0.4 to 8 mM. The saponin-treated smooth muscle fiber bundles retained a functional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Ca can be loaded in the SR if the [free Ca2+] is in the micromolar range and MgATP is present and can be released by an application of caffeine. Mitochondria also appear to be functional in saponin-treated fibers. PMID- 6978829 TI - Portal pressure and variceal bleeding. PMID- 6978828 TI - Esophageal ulceration and bleeding after flexible fiberoptic esophageal vein sclerosis. AB - Three patients with portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage were treated with flexible fiberoptic esophageal vein sclerosis by injection of sodium morrhuate. Each of these patients bled after sclerotherapy, and deep esophageal ulcers were found at the previous injection sites. Postsclerotherapy pathologic features are presented in 2 patients. It is suggested that the sclerotherapy caused esophageal ulceration and bleeding. Careful evaluation of the sclerosing technique and its histopathologic consequences is needed. PMID- 6978827 TI - Bone disease in primary biliary cirrhosis: histologic features and response to 25 hydroxyvitamin D. AB - Fifteen female patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were evaluated for vitamin D status and evidence of metabolic bone disease. Full-thickness iliac crest bone biopsy specimens with histomorphometric analysis after double tetracycline labeling were performed before and after 1 yr of treatment with oral 25 hydroxyvitamin D (100 micrograms/day). Initially, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were low (less than 15 ng/ml) in 11 of the 15 patients and were increased to normal (greater than 25 ng/ml) in all patients within 3 mo. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were low normal or not detectable in all patients and did not change with therapy. No patient had a fracture during the treatment. No evidence of osteomalacia was found initially or in follow-up study in any patient. Follow up histomorphometric analysis at the end of the 1-yr treatment showed that bone volume decreased during the study interval despite therapy (p less than 0.001). Photon beam densitometry confirmed the loss in trabecular density of the radius over the study interval (p less than 0.03). The mean fractional osteoid surface was not increased initially and did not change with therapy. The mean linear bone appositional rate as measured by double tetracycline labeling was not decreased initially and did not change with therapy. It was concluded that in moderate to severe primary ciliary cirrhosis, initial 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are low and are rapidly corrected by oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D. These patients have significant osteoporosis which progresses despite 25-hydroxyvitamin D. PMID- 6978830 TI - Influence of epidermal growth factor on the development of suckling mouse intestinal mucosa. PMID- 6978831 TI - Arthritis: avoiding diagnostic pitfalls. AB - Cervical spondylosis may be the most common cause of arm pain in the elderly. Although patients describe this pain as "severe," they seem able to ease it by massaging the area, which is not the case with other painful rheumatoid conditions. Elevated serum uric acid in an arthritis patient is not always a sign of gout. A definite diagnosis of gout can be made only when urate crystals are found in the joint fluid. PMID- 6978832 TI - Pneumocystis pneumonia in a patient with cervical carcinoma treated with combination cheomotherapy. PMID- 6978834 TI - Nonspecific inhibition of in vivo tumor growth by allo-sensitized lymphocytes - requirement of radio-sensitive T-lymphocytes. AB - In previous papers we demonstrated with the Winn assay the WKA rat spleen cells sensitized to allogeneic tumor (AH-66 from Donryu strain) inhibited in vivo tumor growth of a syngeneic tumor (KMT-17) when early spleen cells (taken one week after the last immunization) were used. For the tumor inhibition by late spleen cells (2 weeks after the last immunization), further addition of inactivated homologous allogeneic cells was required. In the present study we examined with the Winn assay the nature of allo-sensitized spleen cells which nonspecifically inhibit in vivo growth of syngeneic tumors. Tumor inhibitory activity of early spleen cells was decreased by anti-rat T serum treatment. The same was true in tumor inhibition by late spleen cells stimulated with mitomycin-C treated AH-66 cells. Both of early and late spleen cells responsible for tumor inhibition are radio-sensitive, whereas KMT-17 sensitized T cells which specifically inhibited growth of homologous tumor cells belong to radio-resistant subpopulations. PMID- 6978833 TI - [Gastrointestinal bleeding: an uncommon complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 6978835 TI - [Immunological analysis of immunopotentiators in spontaneously hypertensive rats with T-cell depression (author's transl)]. AB - A strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) had a selective depression of T cell functions associated with an early appearance of natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody and a deficiency of thymic hormone. In this paper, the ability of immunopotentiators (IPs) to restore immune functions and to induce antitumor resistance in the T-cell depressed SHR is investigated. In addition, the effect of IPs on activities of natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages is also studied. The results indicate that administration of SPG or Lysozyme enhanced T cell functions as detected by the rosette formation test and blastogenic responses to PHA. None of the IPs used promoted NK cell activity but Lysozyme and PS-K rather suppressed. In contrast, all IPs used had a effect on activation of macrophages and especially PS-K showed strong activating effect. Following survival and tumor rejection in SHR transplanted with a syngeneic tumor after treatment with the IPs, treatment with SPG produced significant prolongation of survival days but the remaining two IPs had no effect. We propose that the SHR is a suitable animal for quantitative evaluation of the IPs in inducing T-cell mediated immunity an antitumor immune responses. PMID- 6978836 TI - [Immunological suppression of carcinogenesis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with T-cell depression (author's transl)]. AB - We have reported that a strain of SHR have a selective depression of T-cell functions by aging, which may be due to an early appearance of natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody and a deficiency of thymic hormone. Results presented here showed that the tumor incidence in SHR by low doses of MCA was higher than those in WKA rats with normal T-cell functions. Depression of T-cell functions in SHR could be almost completely restored by allogeneic thymus grafts or injection of extracts from vaccinia virus-infected skin tissues (NSP). When immunological restoration was achieved, generation of killer T-cells against syngeneic tumor cells in SHR was induced and activity of NK cells against K-562 cells was significantly enhanced. Effect of thymus grafts or NSP on MCA-induced primary tumors in SHR was studied. Effect of thymus grafts or NSP on MCA-induced primary tumors in SHR was studied. The tumor incidence was significantly suppressed and average latent periods were also prolonged in SHR grafted with allogeneic thymus. The administration of NSP was not effective on tumor incidence but prolonged latent periods for developments of tumors. From these results, it is suggested that the SHR is a suitable animal model for investigation of role of cell mediated immunity in carcinogenesis. PMID- 6978838 TI - Cell mediated immunity in rheumatic fever. PMID- 6978837 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte activation by a protein released from isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Isolated rat liver perfusates contain a substance which inhibits 3H-thymidine uptake by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes in a dose-dependent, noncytotoxic fashion. Suppression is not due to interference of lymphocyte-phytohemagglutinin interaction or dilution of the thymidine pool. Complete inhibition of thymidine uptake is achieved with less than 1.0 microgram of material per ml (which is a potentially achievable concentration in vivo). The release of this material is directly and quantitatively associated with hepatocellular injury as measured by release of glutamic pyruvate transaminase. The material is a highly basic protein with a molecular weight of approximately 65,000 to 80,000 daltons. It is a product of the hepatocyte rather than of nonparenchymal liver cells. Liver-derived materials, such as the presently described molecule, may play a role in in situ regulation of lymphocyte function during immunologically mediated liver disease. PMID- 6978839 TI - Suppression of adjuvant arthritis by antibodies specific for collagen type II. AB - Immunization of Lewis rats with an alum flocculate of collagen type II, prior to the induction of arthritis by an intradermal injection of Mycobacterium butyricum in oil, caused reduced arthritic responses when compared with non-pretreated control animals. The majority of collagen-immunized animals that expressed diminished disease possessed low levels of serum antibody to collagen type II whereas most rats with undiminished disease did not. Passive immunization of Lewis rats with antibody to collagen type II also effectively reduced the severity of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Two possible mechanisms that might explain suppression of this disease by antibodies to collagen type II are discussed. PMID- 6978840 TI - An acute lymphoblastic leukemia which produces human T cell growth factor. AB - We report the production of T cell growth factor activity by a PHA stimulated acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line designated HSB-2. Factor production was enhanced by the addition of phorbol myristate acetate to the cultures. The growth factor will enhance the proliferation of PHA stimulated thymocytes and sustain the proliferation of growth-factor dependent human T cell blasts. The characteristics of the cell line are described. PMID- 6978841 TI - Comparison of the receptors for IgE of various rat basophilic leukaemia cell lines. I. Receptors isolated by IgE-sepharose and IgE and anti-IgE. AB - REceptors for IgE of rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL) cells, maintained in different laboratories were isolated by means of IgE-Sepharose or IgE and anti IgE, and characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All cell lines were found to be associated with a receptor molecule (R) which could be isolated either with IgE-Sepharose or IgE and anti-IgE and a second receptor (H) which could only be isolated with the aid of IgE-Sepharose. The relative amounts of these two molecules, as isolated from surface iodinated cells, varied from the RBL cell line to the other and their apparent molecular weights were not identical on all cell lines. Since comparisons were made on the same gel using receptors isolated from cells labelled with different isotopes of iodine, differences in molecular weight must be considered as being intrinsic and not due to methodological variations. These results provide an explanation why differences were observed among receptors for IgE as characterized in various laboratories. In spite of the fact that the various RBL cell lines originated from the same chemically-induced tumour they have, over the years, undergone changes which are reflected in the receptors for IgE. PMID- 6978842 TI - Concanavalin A stimulation of mouse lymphocytes at low concentration. I. The effect of peritoneal exudate cells. AB - The results presented here show that concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated mouse spleen lymphocytes cultured at 1/10th optimal concentration incorporated less [3H]-TdR than those cultured at the optimal concentration. It was possible to increase the response of 1/10th optimal concentration lymphocytes by supplementing the cultures with macrophage-rich peritoneal exudate cell (PEC) preparations. This effect was dependent on the PEC concentration. [3H]-TdR incorporation by lymphocytes at optimal concentration was inhibited by the addition of PEC to the cultures. Thymocyte cultures at 1/10th optimal concentration also showed increased [3H]-TdR incorporation when supplemented with PEC but there was no inhibition effect at optimal concentration. PEC which had been pretreated with fresh mitomycin C to prevent cell division were as effective as controls at promoting the stimulation of 1/10th optimal concentration lymphocytes. PEC which had been killed were much less effective than controls. PMID- 6978843 TI - Concanavalin A stimulation of mouse lymphocytes at low concentration. II. The effect of conditioned medium from peritoneal exudate cells and from lymphocyte cultures. AB - The first paper in this series reported that it was possible to reconstitute the response of low concentrations of mouse spleen lymphocytes to concanavalin A (Con A) by adding smaller numbers of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) to the cultures. In this paper it is shown that the role of the PEC in this system can be partially replaced by conditioned medium (CM) prepared from PEC cultures or completely replaced by CM taken from lymphocytes cultured at optimal concentration. These CM were inactive unless fresh Con A was added to the assay cultures. Activity was present in Cm which was incubated with lymphocytes or PEC for the shortest possible time but maximal activity was found after 24 hr of incubation. Activity was also found in Cm prepared in the absence of Con A. Only in the case of lymphocytes cultured at optimal concentration for 24 hr was there substantially more activity in the CM thus prepared if Con A was present. PEC preparations depleted of T lymphocytes produced as much activity in Cm as the untreated control. CM produced by PEC was less sensitive to heat treatment or to freezing and thawing than that produced by lymphocyte cultures. PMID- 6978844 TI - The characterization of lymphocytes migrating through chronically inflamed tissues. AB - Afferent lymphatics draining Freund's adjuvant-induced granulomas and efferent lymphatics from normal subcutaneous lymph nodes were cannulated in sheep. It was previously reported that cells collected from these lymphatics, after being radiolabelled with 111In and returned to the animal intravenously, migrated from the blood back through the granuloma or lymph node into the lymph compartment from which they were originally obtained. Afferent lymph cells preferentially migrated out of the circulation in the granuloma rather than the lymph node. The cell responsible for this selective migration was found to be a small recirculating T lymphocyte. Macrophages and lymphoblasts did not demonstrate this migration. Similarly, B cells did not contribute to the lymphocyte migration observed. The migration of lymphocytes through normal uninflamed skin was examined. Afferent cells migrated through normal skin in the same way as through a granuloma, suggesting that neither antigen nor local inflammatory changes were responsible for this migration. PMID- 6978845 TI - Primary in vitro mouse B-cell response induced by self-hormone-coupled self albumin. AB - [3H'-thymidine incorporation above control levels was observed when normal mouse spleen cells were cultured with pituitary hormone-coupled albumins. Most striking was the observation of proliferation with self-hormone-coupled self-albumin, for instance vasopressin-coupled mouse serum albumin. The proliferating cells were not sensitive to anti-Thy 1 antiserum plus complement and were present in nude mouse spleens. Proliferation was accompanied with the appearance of antibody forming cells against an irrelevant antigen (sheep red blood cells). These results strongly suggest polyclonal induction of B-cell proliferation/differentiation by self-hormone-coupled self-albumin. PMID- 6978846 TI - The role of T, B and adherent cells in the in vitro immune response of TEPC-183 bearing mice. PMID- 6978849 TI - Correlation of cigarette smoking with human serum antitrypsin activity. PMID- 6978847 TI - Phenotyping human leukemic T-cell lines: enzyme markers, surface antigens, and cytogenetics. AB - We have compared phenotypic markers for a series of established human leukemic T cell lines collected from different laboratories. Cell lines were tested first for genetic markers using polymorphic enzymes and then for expression of T lymphoid cell surface differentiation antigens using monoclonal antibodies. Chromosomal analysis was used as an additional method for identification of selected cell lines. On the basis of enzyme markers, it was possible to assign each of the cell lines examined to one of nine different groups. With two exceptions, surface antigen phenotypes for each of 12 cell lines were clearly distinctive. Thus, some groups of cell lines indistinguishable by enzyme markers could be further subdivided by surface antigen phenotyping. However, significant quantitative variation in expression of individual antigens was observed. In addition, surface antigen expression was not uniform in different subcultures of one cell line studied in detail. These results indicate that leukemic T-cell lines cannot be used generally as simple models of surface antigen expression in normal T-cell differentiation. PMID- 6978848 TI - Autoantibody against TL.6. Presence in a widely-distributed anti-Ia serum. PMID- 6978850 TI - [Clinical study of erythromycin ethyl-succinate in oral surgery. Apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 6978852 TI - Comparative merits of intravenous anesthetic agents for outpatient surgery. PMID- 6978854 TI - Histochemical patterns of human T lymphocyte subpopulations with nonspecific esterase staining. AB - Alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase (ANAE) activity was histochemically demonstrated in human T lymphocytes and their subpopulations. Examination of T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgM showed the presence of circumscribed deposits of esterase activity, while T cells with FC receptors for IgG showed of predominantly diffuse granular pattern. The difference in the topography of the enzymatic activity was shown to be related to cellular activation resulting from exposure to IgG-sensitized bovine erythrocytes or to strong polyclonal activation by lectin mitogens. The ANAE stain also characterized monocytes, which exhibited an intense nongranular cytoplasmic stain. Non-T cells showed no detectable ANAE activity when tested by this method. PMID- 6978853 TI - Anti-DNA, anti-deoxyribonucleoprotein and rheumatoid factor measured by ELISA in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Serum concentrations of anti-DNA and anti-deoxyribonucleoprotein (NP) antibodies were measured in parallel by standardized ELISA methods with a polyvalent anti immunoglobulin conjugate in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High levels of these antibodies predominated in systemic lupus erythematosus. While an appreciable incidence of antibodies also occurred in SS and RA, they were mostly at lower levels. By using heavy chain-specific anti-immunoglobulin conjugates, IgG antibodies to both DNA and NP were found in SLE more frequently and at higher levels than were IgM antibodies. In contrast, IgM antibodies to DNA and NP predominated in SS and RA. The immunoglobulin class of the anti-DNA and anti-NP responses in a given SLE patient were not infrequently different. For example, a patient might show a very high IgG but low IgM anti-DNA value, with the reverse being true for anti-NP. IgG anti-DNA antibodies were significantly associated with depressions of C3. During changes in SLE serology, normalization of DNA binding by Farr radioimmunoassay and/or complement was most frequently associated with normalization of the IgG anti-DNA antibody concentrations. In patients simultaneously possessing elevated levels of anti-DNA, anti-NP and rheumatoid factor (RF), absorption with aggregated human IgG usually decreased only the RF activity. In some, however, such absorption decreased all three antibody values simultaneously. The latter findings support observations that some RF possess antinuclear properties. PMID- 6978851 TI - Human peripheral blood lymphocyte activation by protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Mitogenesis and polyclonal immunoglobulin production in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures activated with Formalin-fixed or autoclaved protein A containing Staphylococcus aureus were studied. Direct evidence for a dissociation between cell proliferation and polyclonal immunoglobulin production was found, in that S. aureus was not mitogenic after being autoclaved but retained the ability to stimulate B cells to produce immunoglobulin. Trypsin-treated S. aureus lost its binding site for immunoglobulin G, but its mitogenicity was not altered; thus, the protein A binding site for immunoglobulin G on the bacterial cell wall is not required for the stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation. Our data also show a dissociation between cell proliferation and polyclonal immunoglobulin production induced by protein A coupled to Sepharose CL-4B. These results suggest the presence of three distinct active sites on the protein A molecule: one that binds immunoglobulin G molecules, one that stimulates cell proliferation, and one that stimulates polyclonal immunoglobulin production. PMID- 6978856 TI - Illicit drug use, peer attitudes, and perceptions of harmful effects among convicted cannabis offenders. AB - A sample of criminalized cannabis users provided information about their use of other illicit drugs and friends' attitudes toward various substances. The majority of those surveyed were regular, heavy users of cannabis, had friends who were similarly involved, and were more experienced with a variety of other illicit drugs than youthful groups from the larger population. In its perception of harmful effects of various substances, the offender sample held fairly conventional, high-risk views on opiates and amphetamines. Opinion was more divided over the psychedelics and cocaine. Cannabis was considered least harmful of all the other illicit drugs and alcohol. Those convicted of the offense of cannabis possession displayed the knowledgeable insider's perspective of a hierarchy of dangerousness for drugs that is at variance with their largely undifferentiated legal status. PMID- 6978855 TI - Adult marijuana use and Becker's social controls. AB - Adults who smoke marijuana regularly but who are conventional in other respects are the subjects of study. The objective was to determine how a sample of adults handle the three social controls facing marijuana smokers depicted by Becker. A content analysis of the results of a self-administered questionnaire show that while some subjects are more concerned than others about these controls, they all use coping devices to deal with them. PMID- 6978858 TI - Ancylostoma caninum: transfer of lymphoid cells from thymus and bone marrow and adoptive immunity in mice. PMID- 6978857 TI - Responsiveness of congenitally thymus deficient nude mice to the intestinal cestode, Hymenolepis diminuta. PMID- 6978859 TI - Further studies on the survival of non-proliferating human diploid fibroblasts irradiated with ultraviolet light. AB - Labelling index data showed that in AG1518 cells, a diploid human fibroblast strain, there was a lag period of at least 14 hours between subculture from the density-inhibited plateau phase of growth and entry into DNA synthesis. Cells irradiated with 254 nm wavelength U.V. light 8 hours after subculture did not exhibit the same degree of resistance as cells irradiated in plateau phase and subcultured immediately. When cells were arrested from proliferation by maintenance in an arginine and glutamine deficient medium for 72 hours, they were nearly as resistant to U.V. light as plateau phase cells although maintenance in this medium for 24 hours after irradiation supported further recovery only after low U.V. doses. One strain of Cockayne syndrome fibroblasts was found to be resistant to U.V light in plateau phase while another strain was found to have the same survival response whether it was irradiated in the plateau or log phase of growth. PMID- 6978860 TI - Radiobiology of a differentiating cell system in vitro. AB - Friend erythroleukaemia cells (FELC) in vitro were used to examine the effects of ionizing radiation on differentiation and proliferation of mammalian cells. Results suggest that X-rays can affect differentiation in two different ways. First, X-rays inactivate the ability of these cells to respond to an external trigger of differentiation, e.g., dimethyl sulphoxide. Second, X-rays themselves trigger a partial differentiation response, in the absence of any other external trigger. The radiation-induced lesions leading to these two end-points are not repaired in split-dose experiments, unlike those lesions which lead to loss of cell proliferative capacity. The profile of soluble FELC proteins, as analysed by isoelectric focusing, was also affected by irradiation. These effects of ionizing radiation on the expression of genetic information in mammalian cells have important implications for radiobiology, particularly at low doses where acute lethal effects are minimal. PMID- 6978861 TI - Viscosimetric analysis of the occurrence and repair of DNA single-strand breaks in irradiated animal tissues. AB - The yields of immediate DNA single-strand breaks in normal tumour tissues of irradiated animals were measured by a viscosimetric method of determination of high-polymer single-strand DNA molecular weight in alkaline nuclear lysates. It has been shown that in irradiated thymus, bone marrow leukocytes, Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma and Zaidel hepatoma cells (first group by tissues) in vivo the yields of DNA single-strand breaks were characterized by 80 to 130 eV per break. In in vivo irradiated liver, lymph node, spleen, and sarcoma 180 cells (second group of tissues) the yields of DNA single-strand breaks have been characterized by 30 to 40 eV per break. DNA single-strand breaks of the first group of tissues have rejoined 1 hour after the irradiation in vivo; DNA single-strand breaks of the second group have not done so. PMID- 6978864 TI - Division probability and division delay in diploid Syrian hamster cells following a range of x-ray doses. PMID- 6978862 TI - Cell radiosensitivity variation in synchronously-dividing root meristems of Pisum sativum L. and Zea mays L. during the mitotic cycle. AB - The cell divisions in pea and maize seedling root meristems were synchronized by treatment with 0.03 per cent hydroxyurea for 24 hours. At different times after block cessation (removing seedlings from hydroxyurea), i.e. according to certain phases and subphases of the mitotic cycle, the seedlings were treated with 60Co gamma-radiation at doses from 3 to 32 Gy. Evaluation of seedling radioresistance by the survival of the main root meristem on the tenth day after irradiation led to the following sequence of cell stages in order of increasing resistance. For the pea root meristem: G2, M, late G1, early S, late S, middle S and early G1. For the maize root meristem: late G2, M, G1, early S, early G2, late S and middle S. PMID- 6978863 TI - The behaviour of uranium-233 oxide and uranyl-233 nitrate in rats. AB - 233UO2 and 233UO2(NO3)2 in aqueous suspension have been administered to rats by pulmonary intubation. The 233U associated with the fraction of the 233UO2 less than 4 nm in diameter translocates from lungs to blood at the same rapid rate as 233U from 233UO2(NO3)2. Identical reactions with blood plasma and lung fluid were observed whether the 233U was administered as less than 4 nm 233UO2 particles or 233UO2(NO3)2. It is suggested that oxidation of UO2 to UO3 occurs followed by the formation of uranyl ion. In blood plasma, approximately 50 per cent of the 233U is bound to transferrin, 25 per cent to citrate and 25 per cent on bicarbonate. PMID- 6978865 TI - Dosimetry for cells irradiated with 250 kV x-rays in atmospheres of argon, nitrogen and air: an experimental investigation. PMID- 6978866 TI - Kinetics of repair of DNA single-strand breaks in cultured mammalian cells. Part I. The dependence on irradiation dose and cell cycle stage. PMID- 6978867 TI - Quantitative analysis of the response of epidermis to two-dose irradiations. PMID- 6978868 TI - Acetylcholine concentration and its role in ionic transport by the corneal epithelium. AB - Corneal epithelium is known to have a high acetylcholine (ACh) concentration, but its role remains uncertain. Furthermore, rabbit corneal epithelium is devoid of cholinergic receptors. ACh concentration in calf, rabbit, and frog corneal epithelium was determined with Fellman's fluorometric assay to be 16.9, 11.1, and 21.8 micrograms of ACh per gram of epithelium, respectively. The isolated frog cornea was used to examine a possible role of the cholinergic system on active ionic transport. A 2 mM concentration of exogenous ACh has a moderate inhibitory effect on Na transport but no effect on Cl transport. A 10(-4)M concentration of 4-(1-naphthylvinyl) pyridine (NVP), a choline acetyltransferase inhibitor, reversibly inhibited both Na and Cl transport by about 70%. NVP also reduced ACh content of frog corneal epithelium by 51%. Thus endogenous ACh, but not exogenous ACh, seems to be stimulatory of active ionic transport. Of several muscarinic or nicotinic blockers tested, 10(-3)M atropine inhibited Na transport by 55% and Cl transport by 83%; 10(-3)M nicotine inhibited Na transport by 33% and Cl transport by 17%. If frog cornea (like rabbit cornea) contains no cholinergic receptors, the effects of ACh, nicotine, and atropine on ionic transport may be mediated through a nonspecific pathway. PMID- 6978869 TI - Uptake of iodinated contrast material by the ischemically damaged myocardial cell. AB - Computerized transmission tomography has shown differential contrast enhancement of the area of ischemic damage after intravenous administration of iodinated contrast material. The current study performed in normal dogs and dogs with two day-old and 30-day-old myocardial infarctions was intended to determine if the iodine accumulation is intracellular. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis detected iodine peaks associated with the cells in areas of ischemic damage, while iodine peaks were not detected in normal myocardium. Energy spectra in the area of ischemic damage showed a significant increase in the Na+ -K+ ratio compared to normal myocardium, consistent with the loss of cellular membrane integrity in this region. Results were similar for both two- and 30-day-old infarcts. These results indicate that iodinated contrast material attaches to the membrane of enters the ischemically damaged cell, but is virtually excluded from the normal myocardial cell. It may serve as a marker of myocardial cells which have lost cellular membrane integrity after an ischemic insult. PMID- 6978870 TI - Co-trimoxazole induced diuresis. PMID- 6978871 TI - Treatment of delirium tremens with 5-hydroxytryptophan. AB - A serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan, is advocated in treatment of delirium tremens on clinical, electrophysiological and neurochemical grounds. Th results demonstrate the effectiveness of the drug and seem to bear out a particular hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of delirium tremens. PMID- 6978872 TI - The utility for audit of manual and computerized problem-oriented medical record systems. AB - Objective assessment of the delivery of care requires an unambiguous record of all related events and decisions in the care process. Both the handwritten Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) and its computerized successor, the Problem Oriented Medical Information System (PROMIS) have been designed to facilitate audit of care delivery. In this study, a national sample of physicians was asked to determine which of these two record systems best serves the function of audit. The study involves assessment of a sample of 69 matched pairs of patient records drawn from two different ward settings, one of which used the manual POMR, the other, PROMIS. No difference was perceived between the two records with respect to the reliability of information or the analytical reasoning of providers. Information in PROMIS records was judged to be slightly more thorough. The format of the manual record was judged better on the basis of conciseness, accessibility, and organization of record information. PMID- 6978873 TI - Health visiting and the nursing process. III: Using the need/problem orientated method of record-keeping. PMID- 6978874 TI - Medical problems and physiologic responses during supervised inpatient cardiac rehabilitation: the patient after coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 6978875 TI - Functional and antigenic properties of cultured T cells in the cell mediated lympholysis (CML) assay. AB - Cultured T cells (CTC) were expanded in Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and used as reagents in cell mediated lympholysis (CML). CTC were able to induce the generation of primary cytotoxic effector cells and to function as 51Cr labeled target cells and cold target inhibitors. Since large numbers of CTC can be produced from as few as 1-2 X 10(6) lymphocytes within a short period of time, these reagents will enable CML studies to be performed in a broader range of situations, including those with were heretofore impossible. PMID- 6978876 TI - The ultrastructure of the rhombencephalic posterior tela and adjacent tissues in an amphibian, Rana pipiens. AB - The posterior tela of the rhombencephalon, the overlying arachnoid mater, and the pial surface of the medulla were examined by transmission electron microscopy in the frog, Rana pipiens. The arachnoid mater and the pia mater have, with minor exceptions, similar ultrastructural characteristics to the same structures in mammals. The posterior tela, on the other hand, is an unusual membrane, the ependymal cells of which are modified to form numerous intercellular pores. These cells are pleomorphic (round, columnar or squamous) and have relatively few surface specialisations while their cytoplasm in electron-dense due to numerous microfilaments. Ependymal cells at the edges of pores are characterised by dense coils of basal lamina inserted into indentations of the lateral plasmalemma and, near the apical surface, by small specialised attachments to adjacent ependymal cells which are otherwise in a different plane. PMID- 6978878 TI - EM5400, a family of monobactam antibiotics produced by Agrobacterium radiobacter. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological properties. PMID- 6978877 TI - SQ 26,180, a novel monobactam. I Taxonomy, fermentation and biological properties. AB - Strains of Chromobacterium violaceum, isolated from various environments, were found to produce a novel monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic. The antibiotic, SQ 26,180 was weakly active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with the exception of mutants hypersensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics. The compound was highly stable to beta-lactamases and acted as an inhibitor of the P99 enzyme from Enterobacter cloacae. SQ 26,180 showed affinity for penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 4 and 5/6 of Escherichia coli and inhibited R61 DD carboxypeptidases. PMID- 6978879 TI - Fusion of protoplasts of Streptomyces lavendulae. AB - Protoplasts of two different auxotrophic mutants of Streptomyces lavendulae were fused with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1,000, and allowed to regenerate on selective media. Prototrophic colonies overwhelmed other types of recombinants on any selective media. These prototrophic strains were stable after successive isolation. These results suggest that stable diploid cells were formed by cell fusion, which differed from the case of S. coelicolor. PMID- 6978881 TI - Stability of the isoxazolyl penicillins to staphylococcal beta-lactamase. PMID- 6978880 TI - Comparative activity of furbenicillin and carbenicillin-like compounds. PMID- 6978882 TI - D-(--)-tartrate dehydratase of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: purification, characterization, and application to enzymatic determination of D-(--)-tartrate. AB - An isolate of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was capable of growing phototrophically and chemotrophically (mu = 0.15 h(-1) for either condition) with d-(-)-tartrate as the carbon source. A d-(-)-tartrate dehydratase, (d-(-) tartrate hydrolyase, EC 4.1.2.70) was induced in the presence of d-(-)-tartrate. The enzyme was purified 30-fold from cell extracts of R. sphaeroides to a specific activity of 7.5 U/mg of protein and was subsequently crystallized in the presence of 1 M KCl. The enzyme was homogeneous upon analytical electrophoresis in 5% polyacrylamide gels and by criteria of ultracentrifugation. The native enzyme had a molecular weight of 158,000 +/- 1,000 as determined by gel filtration and ultracentrifugation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielded a single polypeptide chain with an estimated molecular weight of 39,500 +/- 500, indicating that d-(-)-tartrate dehydratase was a tetramer. The isoelectric point of the native enzyme was at pH 5.5. The enzyme catalyzed irreversibly the conversion of d-(-)-tartrate to oxaloacetate and water, and the turnover number was calculated to be 1,185. The reaction followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and a K(m) value of 1.8 x 10(-4) M was determined. d-( )-Tartrate dehydratase required Mg(2+) for activity. The pH optimum was within a range from 6.2 to 7.2, and the activation energy of the reaction (Delta H(0)) was 63.2 kJ/mol. The enzyme was specific for d-(-)-tartrate; it did not react with l (+)-tartrate, meso-tartrate, and other hydroxycarboxylic acids. d-(-)-Tartrate dehydratase was strongly inhibited by meso-tartrate (50% at 0.6 mM). l-(+) Tartrate and a variety of hydroxycarboxylic acids caused 50% inhibition at concentrations of >30 mM. PMID- 6978884 TI - DNA repair synthesis in subpopulations of human lymphocytes. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes enriched in T or B cells were exposed to ultraviolet irradiation, nitrogen mustard or methylmethane sulphonate and investigated regarding their capacity for DNA repair synthesis. The DNA repair synthesis, measured as [3H] thymidine incorporated, was determined by autoradiography as unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). No systematic difference could be found in the capacity for UDS between the T- and B-cell-enriched fractions. A larger individual variation in UDS was found in the B-cell- compared to the T-cell-enriched lymphocytes. PMID- 6978886 TI - Simultaneous measurement of 5-hydroxytryptophan and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Measurement of serotonin and catecholamine turnover in discrete brain regions. AB - A sensitive method, using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, which allows the measurement of both 5 hydroxytryptophan and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine is described. This method, used in conjunction with the administration in vivo of an L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, allows the simultaneous measurement of serotonin and catecholamine synthesis rates in small discrete brain regions. PMID- 6978885 TI - Effects of human aging on patterns of local cerebral glucose utilization determined by the [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose method. AB - The [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) scan method with positron emission computed tomography was used to determine patterns of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCMRglu) in 40 normal volunteer subjects aged 18 to 78 years. Throughout all the studies, each subject was quiet, without movement, with eyes open and ears unplugged, exposed only to ambient room light and sound. For the entire group, whole brain mean CMRglu was 26.1 +/- 6.1 mumol 100 g-1 min-1 (mean +/- SD, n = 40). At age 78, mean CMRglu was, on the average, 26% less than at age 18, an alteration of the same order as the variance among subjects at any age. The gradual decline of mean CMRglu with advancing age occurred at a faster rate than was reported for mean cerebral oxygen utilization, possibly due to increasingly altered pathways for glucose utilization, or to increasing oxidation of ketone bodies or other alternative substrates. Glucose utilization in the hemispheres was symmetrical and mean CMRglu of overall cortex, caudate, and thalamus was equal in individuals at all ages. The slopes of decline with age were similar when LCMRglu was averaged over zones corresponding to centrum semiovale, caudate, putamen, and frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and primary visual cortex. However, the metabolic ratio of superior frontal cortex to superior parietal cortex declined with age, possibly due to selective degeneration of superior frontal cortex or to differences between age groups in the sensory and cognitive response to the study. These results should be useful in distinguishing age from disease effects when the FDG scan method is used. PMID- 6978883 TI - Nitrate reductase from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The facultative phototroph Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides DSM158 was incapable of either assimilating or dissimilating nitrate, although the organism could reduce it enzymatically to nitrite either anaerobically in the light or aerobically in the dark. Reduction of nitrate was mediated by a nitrate reductase bound to chromatophores that could be easily solubilized and functioned with chemically reduced viologens or photochemically reduced flavins as electron donors. The enzyme was solubilized, and some of its kinetic and molecular parameters were determined. It seemed to be nonadaptive, ammonia did not repress its synthesis, and its activity underwent a rapid decline when the cells entered the stationary growth phase. Studies with inhibitors and with metal antagonists indicated that molybdenum and possibly iron participate in the enzymatic reduction of nitrate. The conjectural significance of this nitrate reductase in phototrophic bacteria is discussed. PMID- 6978888 TI - Acute effects of parathyroid hormone on vitamin D metabolism in patients with the bone loss of aging. AB - This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of an iv injection of parathyroid extract on serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D3] in elderly osteopenic patients and age-matched nonosteopenic controls. Serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D were reduced in elderly osteopenic subjects (mean +/- SEM, 20 +/- 3 pg/ml) compared with values in age-matched nonosteopenic controls (35 +/- 3 pg/ml), whereas no differences were found in serum 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels (1.5 +/- 0.3 and 2.2 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, respectively). An iv injection of parathyroid extract was followed by a significant increase in serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels in both osteopenic patients (16 +/- 6 pg/ml) and controls (15 +/- 5 pg/ml). The mean 4-h increases in serum 1,25-(OH)2D of 11-18 pg/ml were not significantly different in the two groups. The results indicate that the reduced 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations in the osteopenic patients are secondary to changes in factors that normally stimulate this enzyme system. PMID- 6978889 TI - Circulating vitamin D metabolite levels in hypophosphatasia. AB - 25OHD, 1,25,-(OH))2D, and 24,25-(OH)2D were assayed in the serum of 16 patients with the infantile, childhood, or adult form of hypophosphatasia. Except for diminished 1,25-(OH)2D and elevated 24,25-(OH)2D levels in 2 infants (which could be attributed to nonparathyroid hormone-mediated hypercalcemia), the mean circulating level of each vitamin D metabolite was normal in the 3 patient groups. Abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism do not appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of this rare hereditary form of rickets or osteomalacia, which occurs despite normal circulating calcium, inorganic phosphate, and vitamin D metabolite levels. PMID- 6978887 TI - Immunoreactive human epidermal growth factor in human pancreatic juice. AB - Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF), which stimulates the growth of a variety of cells in culture, has recently been isolated from human urine. In the present study, we identified significant amounts of immunoreactive (IR) hEGF (mean +/- SE, 2.3 +/- 0.09 ng/ml; n = 3) in human pancreatic juice. The IR-hEGF materials were immunologically indistinguishable from standard hEGF, although they were only 5% as active in receptor binding to human placental membrane as in RIA. Gel exclusion chromatography of the pancreatic juice under neutral and acidic conditions revealed three distinct IR-hEGF components with different molecular sizes. Incubation of 125I-labeled hEGF with either the pancreatic juice or the high molecular weight component(s) yielded no aggregation or degradation products. These data suggest that fully immunoreactive but much less bioactive hEGF-like substances which are heterogeneous in size are secreted into human pancreatic juice. Their tissue(s) of origin and physiological functions, if any, remain to be elucidated. PMID- 6978890 TI - Plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in puberty: effect of sexual maturation and implications for growth. AB - To relate the vitamin D metabolism in puberty to sex, sexual maturation, and, indirectly, to growth velocity and cessation of growth, the plasma level of 25 hydroxy vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D], and 25,26-(OH)2D were measured in 191 adolescents representing all stages of puberty. In girls, 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased from age 11 yr to a peak at 12 yr of age (P less than 0.0005) and then decreased. In boys, the increase occurred between 13--14 yr of age (P less than 0.005), with a subsequent decline. When the 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were related to the stage of puberty, the girls showed a maximal increase between stages 1 and 2 (P less than 0.0005), with a peak at stage 3, whereas the boys had a significant increase from stage 2 to a peak at stage 3 (P less than 0.01). In both sexes, there were subsequent significantly decreasing values to stage 4 through stage 5. The ratio of 24,25 (OH)2D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D varied inversely with the 1,25-(OH)2D concentration, with the lowest value at age 12 yr in both sexes, followed by a gradual increase to a plateau at age 15 yr in girls and 17 yr in boys. It appears that the hormones of the vitamin D system add another dimension to the endocrinology of growth and puberty. PMID- 6978892 TI - Peripheral control of midbrain mitotic activity in the frog. AB - Eyes were removed unilaterally from stage 19-25 embryos and stage I larvae of Rana pipiens. Control and operated animals were fixed 2-27 days later, at stages I through V+. Midbrains were removed and sectioned, and complete counts of all mitoses in both tecta were made, to permit comparisons between tecta receiving optic nerve fibers and those lacking them. Differences between the two sides were insignificant in control animals and in those fixed at stages I and II. In the 39 stage III animals differences approached significance (P less than 0.06) whereas for stages IV and V, with 20 animals in each group, significance was seen (P less than 0.01). Rostral parts of the tectum, richly supplied by optic nerve fibers, showed much greater percentage differences in mitotic activity than did the caudal parts of the tectum, poorly supplied or lacking such fiber input. Overall, areas of ventricular surface in the affected tecta at stages IV and V were reduced very nearly to the same degree as was cell division. The role of the optic nerve fibers in maintaining division rates is made evident, particularly by the reduction of numbers of prospective ependymal cells. That the influence is seen so very early implies that production of prospective neurons, not just glia, has been affected. PMID- 6978893 TI - Chancroid: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6978891 TI - T lymphocyte interaction with immunoglobulin G antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multiple immune disturbances whose mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the interaction of antilymphocyte antibodies with cultured normal T lymphocytes. T cells were prepared by E-rosetting after petri-dish removal of adherent cells and cultured for 2-7 d in the presence of SLE sera or normal human sera. Cultured T cells were washed and sonicated, and the amount of cell-associated IgG was quantitated by radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) methods. T cells cultured with 27 of 39 SLE sera showed marked increments of associated immunoglobulin G (IgG) although this was not observed with sera from mixed connective tissue disease patients containing high titers of ribonucleoprotein antibody or normal donors. The effective factors for IgG association in SLE sera were absorbed with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes or T cells. Anti-T cell IgG cytotoxic activity strongly correlated with T cell IgG association (P less than 0.01). T cell-associated IgG was not removed by stripping of cell membrane IgG from living cells by acid buffer treatment; indirect immunofluorescence of cells fixed after 2-4 d of culture revealed cytoplasmic IgG staining. IgG anti-T cell antibodies appeared to associate inside the cell membrane or to penetrate into the cytoplasm of cells. T cell Fc receptor blocking by heat-aggregated IgG or anti-beta 2 microglobulin antibody did not alter IgG cell association. Since pepsin-digested SLE sera showed no T cell association activity, whole IgG antibody molecules appeared to be necessary for interaction with cultured T cells. In addition, reduction and alkylation of active SLE sera completely nullified T cell reactivity. When normal T cells were cultured with SLE sera showing marked IgG T cell association, viability of cultured T cells decreased rapidly after 4 d, which suggests that IgG anti-T cell antibodies were associated with cell destruction. IgG cell-associating antilymphocyte antibodies present in SLE sera may cause T cell disturbances in vivo and may be related to the lymphocytopenia present in SLE patients. PMID- 6978894 TI - Positron emission tomographic imaging of the myocardium with 81Rb. AB - An approach to the assessment of regional myocardial perfusion has been developed utilizing positron emission tomographic imaging of the heart after intravenous administration of 81Rb (T1/2=4.6 hr) and a multicrystal positron camera. In five intact anesthetized dogs, 1.0 to 2.0 mCi of 81 RbCl was administered and imaging begun 5 min later. A total of 7 to 9 transverse section images of the heart (1 cm thick) were obtained by the computer reconstruction of 208 images taken at uniformly spaced angles as the camera was rotated 180 degrees around the animal. Collection time was 18 min. Emission images of 81Rb activity were corrected for attenuation by first obtaining transmission data using a planar positron-emitting source. Transverse section images through the apex of the heart showed uniform uptake of 81Rb+ activity below the left ventricular (LV) cavity. Tomographic images through the midventricular level showed myocardial 81Rb+ distribution in an annular pattern around the LV cavity, and tomographic cuts through the base of the heart showed a horseshoe appearance of activity anteriorly and diminished tracer uptake posteriorly in the region of the left atrial wall. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of three-dimensional myocardial imaging by using the 33% positron emission of 81Rb+ and a positron camera. PMID- 6978895 TI - Analytical study of the performance of a multilayer positron computed tomography scanner. AB - The image-forming performance of multilayer positron tomographs for extended sources is evaluated analytically. The analysis is simplified by "rotation transform," by which three-dimensional photon detection problems are solved by two-dimensional treatment. Event rates of singles, unscattered true coincidence, and a single- and double-scattered coincidence are formulated for a uniform cylinder phantom as functions of various design parameters. Angle factors for Compton scattering and other parameters used in the evaluation are presented. Scatter components in projections and their effect on the reconstructed images are also evaluated. The scatter component in the reconstructed image depends critically on the detector ring radius, phantom radius, method of attenuation correction, etc. When the director radius is relatively small (40 or approximately 45 cm in diameter), the scatter/true ratio at the image center of a 20 cm diameter phantom may be larger than the scatter/true ratio in the event rates. Comparison with experimental data obtained with a head positron tomograph, POSITOLOGICA, showed reasonable agreement both in the total coincidence rates and in the scatter components in the images for a cylindrical phantom of 20 cm in diameter. PMID- 6978896 TI - Determination of object contour from projections for attenuation correction in cranial positron emission tomography. AB - A contour-finding algorithm is described by which the object periphery is outlined in positron emission tomography (PET) scans. The positions of maximum slopes are determined in the projections. These positions are shown to correspond well to the borders of the activity region. By backprojecting these points in the projections into the image plane, the size and shape of the region of activity must be outlined. Cord lengths across this region are then determined for attenuation correction. The accuracy of the algorithm has been tested on 10 patients with both PET and computed tomography (CT) examinations. Points on the periphery of the skull, as determined with the contour-finding algorithm in PET, coincided with those determined by CT, with a standard deviation of 1.5 mm and a maximum deviation of 3.5 mm. In testing the influence of the skull bone on the PET values, it was found that ignoring the higher attenuation coefficient of bone, 5 mm thick, in the attenuation correction caused an error in the determination of activity of 11% peripherally and 6% centrally in the object. These errors could be reduced to less than 1% by increasing the assumed attenuating region by 4.5 mm. PMID- 6978897 TI - An inexpensive video patient repositioning system for use with transmission and emission computed tomographs. AB - We have designed and constructed a portable video system from commercially available components (total cost $5,000) to facilitate accurate patient repositioning for sequential computed tomographic (CT) and positron emission tomographic studies and for therapeutic radiation therapy. The repositioning accuracy of the video system, employed in conjunction with a Delta-Scan 2020 CT scanner, was compared qualitatively (skull phantom and patient subjects) and quantitatively (precision cone phantom) with that of a GE 8800 CT scanner equipped with ScoutView and crossed Gammex lasers (SVL system). Although the SVL and video systems both facilitated accurate repositioning, the video system proved slightly superior. With experience, Z-axis repositioning accuracy of better than 1 mm could be achieved. PMID- 6978901 TI - Epistaxis: an overlooked diagnosis in presumed variceal bleeding. PMID- 6978899 TI - [Specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium during different methods of lens implant surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The authors relate their experience with five types of I.O.L. A retrospective study had been done with a specular microscope in order to determine which way provokes the lowest endothelial cell loss. The less traumatic technique is E.C.C.E. with posterior chamber lens: cell loss is 10%. There is no difference between this method and conventional E.C.C.E. without implantation. PMID- 6978902 TI - Cruveilhier-Baumgarten disease: a case report emphasizing the diagnostic value of CT scanning and angiography. PMID- 6978900 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal neoplasms causing upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Duodenal neoplasms are a rare and not often considered cause of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. During a 4-year period, 859 endoscopies in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding revealed a duodenal tumor to be the cause of bleeding in eight patients. Three patients had a primary duodenal neoplasm, two had metastatic involvement, and in three others pancreatic tumors had invaded the duodenum. In view of our findings, we recommend careful endoscopic scrutiny of all parts of the duodenum in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding especially when the cause of bleeding is not found in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenal bulb. PMID- 6978903 TI - SAA suppression of immune response in vitro: evidence for an effect on T cell macrophage interaction. AB - SAA has been shown previously to inhibit the in vitro antibody response of normal murine spleen cells to SRBC. This effect is nonspecific but does not directly suppress B cells. To evaluate the mechanisms of this suppression, the in vitro antibody response to SRBC was studied using cells from cytoxan-treated mice. No evidence for preformed suppressor cells was found. Also, preincubation of normal cells with SAA failed to reveal evidence for the generation of suppressor cells in vitro. The addition of 2-mercaptoethanol to cultures completely reversed the suppression caused by SAA. Addition of either normal T cells or normal macrophages to cultures partially reversed suppression caused by SAA, but only a combination of T cells and macrophages could completely reverse the suppression. These data are consistent with an effect of SAA on macrophage-T cell interaction in the generation of the immune response to T-dependent antigen. No evidence for the participation of suppressor cells as has been demonstrated for alpha fetoprotein was found. PMID- 6978904 TI - Suppression of human B lymphocyte function by cyclophosphamide. AB - The immune responses of 16 patients with nonneoplastic immune mediated diseases including Wegener's granulomatosis, systemic necrotizing vasculitis, cutaneous vasculitis, and relapsing nodular panniculitis were evaluated before and during therapy with chronic low-dose (2 mg/kg/day) cyclophosphamide. A striking selective suppression of B cell function was noted as measured by PWM-induced immunoglobulin secretion. This suppression was a direct effect on the B cells themselves because T cell function, measured by blastogenic responses to the mitogens PHA, Con A, and PWM, was not significantly suppressed. Furthermore, the ability of T cells from cyclophosphamide-treated patients to provide helper function in T cell-dependent B cell assays remained intact. Treated patients manifested a total lymphocytopenia without a selective depletion of relative proportions of B cells or T cell subsets. However, the spontaneous secretion of immunoglobulin by peripheral blood B cells that is elevated in untreated patients was suppressed back to normal levels during cyclophosphamide therapy. This selective effect on spontaneous and induced secretion of immunoglobulin by human B cells may help explain the efficacy of cyclophosphamide therapy in certain antibody and immune complex-mediated diseases. PMID- 6978898 TI - Steroid-specific and anticonvulsant interaction aspects of troleandomycin-steroid therapy. AB - Troleandomycin (TAO) is a macrolide antibiotic that has an apparent "steroid sparing" effect when used in the treatment of severe steroid-dependent asthmatic patients. Recent observations demonstrated the effect of TAO on inhibiting methylprednisolone elimination, possibly contributing to its beneficial effects. Prednisolone and methylprednisolone disposition were studied before and 1 wk after initiation of TAO therapy in three patients. Methylprednisolone elimination was characteristically impaired in the presence of TAO therapy; however, there was no apparent effect on prednisolone elimination. Methylprednisolone elimination was also evaluated before and after initiation of TAO therapy in three patients receiving concomitant anticonvulsant therapy with phenobarbital-1, phenytoin-2. Methylprednisolone clearance before TAO was at least 4 times faster than normal and was probably related to enzyme induction by the anticonvulsant medication. Methylprednisolone clearance was subsequently reduced by approximately 70% in the presence of TAO therapy. The effect of TAO on corticosteroid disposition is steroid-specific and TAO can diminish the effect of certain drugs on the induction of corticosteroid metabolism. PMID- 6978906 TI - Role of genes in murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the ontogeny of B cells with restricted capacity for cooperation with adherent cells in the production of antibody to thymus-dependent (TD) and thymus-independent type 2 (TI II) antigens. AB - We have examined the MHC restriction that exists for cooperation between B lymphocytes and antigen-pulsed accessory cells for antibody responses in tissue culture, using B cells prepared from spleen cell suspensions of progeny born to (B10 x B10.BR)F1 female mice mated with B10 males. At early times post-birth (3 to 6 wk) progeny animals types as H2b contained a population of splenic B cells restricted to MHC antigens expressed on B10.BR macrophages; in contrast, B cells from H2b animals born to the incross (B10 x B10) were as expected, restricted to cooperate only with B10 macrophages. This unusual restriction pattern waned with age such that by 20 wk of age considerably fewer of the B10 progeny born in the backcross mating exhibited this behavior. We interpret these data as evidence that the early B cell repertoire is to some degree 'driven' by exposure to those MHC antigens (in the maternal placental circulation) encountered in utero. Post birth, continued renewal of the mature B cell pool occurs concomitant with a diversification (and selection) of the B cell repertoire as a result of experience with antigens lacking this maternally imparted genetic information. PMID- 6978905 TI - Functional heterogeneity of culture-grown bone marrow-derived macrophages. II. Lymphokine stimulation of antigen-presenting function. AB - The activation of immunostimulatory activity and Ia expression was studied in pure populations of murine macrophages (M phi) grown in vitro from bone marrow precursor cells in the presence of L cell-conditioned medium as the source of colony-stimulating factor. During exponential growth, the M phi developed maximal Ia-dependent antigen-presenting activity as detected by the induction of antigen specific T cell proliferation, but the proportion of Ia+ M phi was low (less than 10%). Fractionation of the M phi according to size by velocity sedimentation resulted in concentration of the antigen-presenting cells in the smallest fraction, but the enrichment of Ia+ M phi in this fraction was less than twofold. All fractions also showed comparable degrees of antigen uptake regardless of their T cell-stimulating activity. Thus Ia and antigen, although obviously essential, are insufficient for full manifestation of antigen-presenting function. Activation of M phi with lymphokines from Mycobacterium-activated lymph node cells resulted in enhanced Ia expression in all fractions, but only small M phi showed an enhancement in antigen presentation. Large activation M phi were found to exert an immunosuppressive effect that probably neutralized any augmentation of stimulatory activity. thus heterogeneity can be demonstrated in i) the function of unstimulated M phi, ii) the responsiveness of subsets to stimulation, and iii) the manifestation of activated functions. PMID- 6978907 TI - Acceptor site(s) for T cell-replacing factor (TRF) on B lymphocytes. I. TRF substituting activity of anti-TRF acceptor site(s) antibody in the triggering of B cells. PMID- 6978908 TI - Acceptor site(s) for T cell-replacing factor (TRF) on B lymphocytes. II. Activation of B cells by cross-linkage or aggregation of the TRF acceptor molecule. AB - An in vitro experimental system was established to demonstrate the TRF substituting activity of an alloantiserum raised in TRF low-responder (DBA2/2Ha x BALB/c)(DC)F, male mice against TRF high-responder parental BALB/c B cells. The TRF substituting activity of the antiserum was apparent in that anti-Thy-1 plus C treated, DNP-primed B cells from TRF high-responder mice were effectively stimulated, whereas B cells from TRF low-responder DBA/2Ha mice were not, as evidenced by the induction of secondary anti-DNP IgG PFC responses. The specificity of the reaction of the antibody with a component present on the TRF high-responder B cells was also substantiated by the fact that antibody activity was virtually eliminated by absorption with B cells from various TRF high responder mice but not by TRF low-responder DBA/2Ha B cells. The IgG fraction of antiserum and the F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments of the antibody, which possess a comparable reactivity in regard to the TRF acceptor site(s), were prepared, and analysis of the B cell-triggering mechanism by the antibody was carried out. The results revealed that both the IgG fraction and F(ab')2 fragment, but not the monovalent Fab' fragment, demonstrated effective TRF-substituting activity, indicating that cross-linkage or aggregation of the TRF acceptor site(s) may give rise to differentiation signals to the B cells. PMID- 6978909 TI - H-2 effects on cell-cell interactions in the response to single non-H-2 alloantigens. V. Effects of H-2Kb mutations on presentation of H-4 and H-3 alloantigens. AB - The effects of a panel of H-2Kb mutants on the presentation of the non-H-2 histocompatibility (H) antigens H-4.2 and H-3.1 to antigen-specific T cells were examined. Kb-restricted cytotoxic effector T cells were presented with H-4.2 and H-3.1 in the context of mutant Kb alleles. H-4.2 was differentially presented by Kb mutants to Kb-restricted cytotoxic effectors. Cold target inhibition analysis demonstrated that Kb-restricted, H-4.2-specific cytotoxic effectors recognized H 4.2 in the context of at least three restriction sites on the Kb molecule. One site is specific for Kb alone, whereas two additional sites are differentially expressed by Kb mutant molecules. The effect of Kb mutations on the presentation of H-4.2 and H-3.1 was H antigen-specific. Identical, respective patterns of presentation of H-4.2 and H-3.1 by Kb mutants were observed with Kb-restricted T cells proliferating in secondary mixed lymphocyte culture. Further, individual mice varied in their preference for H-3.1 presented in the context of different Kb mutant molecules. These observations demonstrate that the presentation of H antigens by mutant Kb molecules is antigen-specific; analysis of presentation of H antigen by mutants to wild-type Kb-restricted effectors allows the identification of multiple restriction sites on the Kb molecule. PMID- 6978910 TI - Induction of B cell differentiation in vitro by bursal epithelium. AB - The inductive capacity of in vitro cultured epithelium of chicken bursa of Fabricius and of its soluble products on B cells precursors was evaluated. The appearance of surface Ia-like antigens was used as an indicator of the early B cell differentiation in vitro. Cultured bursal epithelium as well as soluble substances produced by it were able to initiate B cell development; Ia alloantigens were induced by both syngeneic and allogeneic epithelia. In both cases the induced Ia antigens represented the genotype of the responding cells. PMID- 6978911 TI - A new murine cell surface differentiation antigen (Leugp90) defined by a rat monoclonal antibody: cellular distribution and biochemical characterization. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to murine lymphocyte differentiation antigens were generated by fusing the mouse myeloma cell line X63-Ag8.653 with spleen cells derived from Lewis rats hyperimmunized with lymphoid cells from nude (C57BL/6) mice. One of these antibodies--designated 3MB1--recognizes a previously undescribed cell surface antigen. This antigen is expressed on 62% of spleen cells, 9% of thymus cells, and 98% of peritoneal macrophages. Virtually all LPS- and Con A-induced lymphoblasts carry this newly found antigen. The 3MB1 determinant is limited in its expression to leukocytes. It is not found in other tissues such as brain, liver, kidney, or on erythrocytes. Biochemical analysis reveals that the 3MB1 target antigen consists of a single chain glycoprotein with an approximate m.w. of 90,000. PMID- 6978912 TI - Dihydrotestosterone and estradiol deplete corticosensitive thymocytes lacking in receptors for these hormones. AB - The sex steroids dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2), were found to deplete the same cortical population of thymocytes as the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DM) in intact and in adrenalectomized, castrated mice. Although receptors for DM were demonstrated in this cortical population, none were found for E2 or DHT. We suggest that the sex steroids bind to other thymic elements, possibly thymic reticular epithelial cells, which may in turn act secondarily on cortical thymocytes, or their precursors within the thymus. PMID- 6978913 TI - Analysis of unexpected inhibitions of T lymphocyte proliferation to soluble antigen, alloantigen and mitogen by unfragmented anti-I-Ak or anti-I-E/Ck monoclonal antibodies. AB - We investigated the capacity of anti-I-Ak and anti-I-E/Ck monoclonal antibodies (m.Ab.) to inhibit T lymphocyte proliferative responses to soluble antigen (Keyhole limpet hemocyanin), alloantigens (H-2 or non-H-2 related) and a mitogen (Concanavalin A). Surprisingly, specific inhibition was observed in all circumstances, and with both anti-I-Ak and anti-I-E/Ck m.Ab., whether the responses tested were I restricted in cell mixing experiments or not. The significance of the inhibition by anti-Ia m.Ab. of non-Ia-restricted responses is still not completely understood. These results, however, strongly suggest that in vitro inhibition by anti-Ia antibodies of T cell proliferative responses does not necessarily indicate I restriction of the presentation to T lymphocytes of the corresponding antigen. PMID- 6978915 TI - The classification and terminology of enzymes that hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6978914 TI - Genetic linkage and cell distribution analysis of T cell alloantigens in the rat. AB - The T cell alloantigens A.R.T.-1, A.R.T.-2, Pta, Ag-F and RT-Ly-2 were examined for linkage to albinism and the haemoglobin variant Hbb, and for cell expression similarities in the rat. The A.R.T.-1 alloantigen was not linked to either A.R.T. 2, albinism or Hbb. The A.R.T.-2 alloantigen was demonstrated to be closely associated to albinism and Hbb with a recombination frequency of approximately 3% with albinism and 1% with Hbb. The four recombinants (out of 104 animals examined) were subsequently analysed with alloantisera to Ag-F, Pta and RT-Ly-2. These alloantisera detected an antigenic system(s) which appeared to co-segregate with A.R.T.-2 in the recombinants studied Characterization of the specific T cell populations expressing each alloantigen demonstrated that removal of the cells bearing any one of the alloantigens removed all the cells expressing any of the other alloantigens. These results demonstrate that the four alloantigenic systems A.R.T.-2, Pta, Ag-F and RT-Ly-2 are located in the same genetic region of linkage group I, and appear to be expressed on the same peripheral T cell subpopulation(s) in the rat. PMID- 6978916 TI - Provocation of infection due to Pneumocystis carinii by cyclosporin A. PMID- 6978919 TI - [Studies on the effect of high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum factor treatment for 89Sr induced osteosarcoma in mice (author's transl)]. AB - We treated mice with 89Sr induced osteosarcoma with HD MTX (high-dose methotrexate) and CF (rescue by citrovorum factor), and observed the results of MTX administration. MTX and CF constantly injected through their tail veins at intervals of 6, 24 hours, respectively. The amont of MTX administered ranged from 60 mg/kg to 2,000 mg/kg, while CF administered totalled 200 mg/kg. To determine their antitumor efficacy, we adopted 3H-thymidine based labelling index and mitotic index as well as microautoradiography, and observed how the tumor proliferation had been prohibited. The anti-tumor efficacy was significant when 500 mg/kg of MTX was administered; there was no significant increase in anti tumor efficacy even after 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg of MTX had been administered. Rather, the tumor was tending to be healed as time passed by after the administration of MTX being 500 mg/kg. Then we administered 500 mg/kg of MTX and 200 mg/kg of CF twice at intervals of 6 days. After we had administered MTX in combination with CF, we started observing the changing condition of the tumor. As a result, we recognized their significant anti-tumor efficacy. The tumor did not show any indication of serious growth. In view of the above, we concluded that it would be more effective to administer repeatedly an optimum dose of MTX and CF than to administer an ultra-high dose of MTX and CF. PMID- 6978918 TI - [Study on the reevaluation of gingival bleeding index (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978917 TI - [Early and late results of aorto-coronary bypass surgery in the children with Kawasaki disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978920 TI - [Inflammatory lesions of the aorta and its branches, Introduction and etiological aspects (excluding Takayasu's disease)(author's transl)]. AB - Acquired lesions of the aorta are not confined to atherosclerosis alone, and diagnostic, etiological, pathogenic, and therapeutic problems may be raised when confronted with less frequent infective or inflammatory processes. Syphilitic aortitis was for a long time considered to be the only infective lesion involving the aorta, but bacterial (mycotic) aneurysms were now known to exist. Many pathogenic agents may be involved: staphylococcus, Salmonella, pneumococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Brucella, more rarely KB, Rickettsia, or nematodes. Inflammatory causes have been recognized more recently, epidemiological and histological studies confirming their presence and the multiple etiologies involved: Horton's disease, rheumatic disorders, connective tissue diseases. PMID- 6978921 TI - Helper T cell recognition of the variable domains of a mouse myeloma protein (315). Effect of the major histocompatibility complex and domain conformation. AB - We have examined the recognition of the variable (V) domain of the heavy (VH) and light (V lambda 2) chains of mouse myeloma protein 315 by helper T cells. Mice were primed with the isolated V domain in complete Freund's adjuvant, and carrier (V domain)-primed spleen cells were transferred together with hapten (NIP)-primed spleen cells to recipient mice that were boosted with NIP3-Fab-315. The helper cell response to both domains was governed by H-2-linked immune response (Ir) genes, and VH-315 and V lambda 2 displayed different Ir phenotypes. H-2k conferred high responsiveness to VH on three different genetic backgrounds, BALB/c, C3H, and B10; mice of the d and b haplotypes were low responders. Conversely, H-2d conferred high responsiveness to V lambda 2 on two backgrounds, BALB/c and C3H, whereas mice of the k haplotype were low responders to this domain. Non-H-2 genes of the B10 background extinguished the helper cell response to V lambda 2 in animals with the high responder d haplotype. The VH Ir gene mapped to the K-A interval of the H-2 complex. Unfolded (completely reduced and alkylated) V domains primed helper cells as efficiently as folded domains for responses to NIP3-Fab-315, indicating that the helper cells recognized an antigenic determinant that was not conformation-dependent. The data indicate that there exists helper T cells which recognize each member of the M315 pair of V domains independent of the other, and that these V domains are recognized like conventional extrinsic protein antigens. PMID- 6978922 TI - Down-regulation of mannosyl receptor-mediated endocytosis and antigen F4/80 in bacillus Calmette-Guerin-activated mouse macrophages. Role of T lymphocytes and lymphokines. AB - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection alters the surface and endocytic properties of mouse peritoneal macrophages (PM) compared with thioglycollate- elicited (TPM) or resident PM (RPM). Expression of Ia antigen (Ag) is enhanced up to fourfold, but plasma membrane receptors that mediate binding and uptake of mannosyl/fucosyl-terminated glycoconjugates (MFR), Fc receptors, and the macrophage (mphi)-specific Ag F4/80 are reduced by 50-80 percent. Levels of Mac-1 remain relatively stable. These changes are accompanied by enhanced secretion of O(2)(-), after further stimulation with phorbyl myristate acetate, and of plasminogen activator. Both these products are released by TPM, but not RPM. The characteristic surface phenotype of BCG-PM can also be induced by injection of C. parvum, another mphi- activating agent, but not by thioglycollate broth, lipopolysaccharide, or proteose peptone. Purified protein derivative (PPD) and N acetylmuramyl-L- alanyl-D-isoglutamine. 2H(2)0 are soluble agents with partial activity. Alteration of mphi markers by BCG infection depends on T lymphocyte function, although studies with nude mice indicate that other pathways may also serve to modify the surface of the mphi. Mphi from uninfected animals displayed all markers of activation after adoptive transfer of specifically-sensitised lymphocytes with PPD, intraperitoneally, or after co- cultivation. Treatment of primed lymphocytes with anti-Thy-1 antibody and complement ablated this effect. Lymphokines obtaned by Ag or mitogen stimulation induced similar changes in TPM and RPM. Mannose-specific endocytosis decayed rapidly, time 1/2 approximately equal to 16 h and stabilized at approximately 25 percent of control values. Single-cell analysis showed that residual MFR activity was uniform in the target population. Loss of Ag F4/80 after activation by lymphocyte and PPD was less marked than after infection (35 percent vs 80 percent), unlike MFR activity, which declined to a similar extent. Induction of mphi Ia by lymphokine reached a peak after 2-3 d and was lost within 2 d of its removal. Recovery of MFR and F4/80 was incomplete under these conditions. These studies establish that activated mphi known to display enhanced antimicrobial/anticellular activity express markedly different surface properties distinct from elicited or resident cells. The role of antigen- stimulated T cell products in regulating mphi function is confirmed, and down-regulation of mannosyl-receptor-mediated endocytosis provides a sensitive, quantitative, and cell-specific new marker to study their properties and mechanism of action. Extensive, but selective remodeling of mphi plasma membrane structure could play an important role in controlling recognition and effector mechanisms of the activated mphi. PMID- 6978924 TI - Low dose radiosensitivity of alloimmune cytotoxic T cells. AB - Low dose radiosensitivity of in vitro generated alloimmune murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was studied. It appears that a subset of CTL exists that can be killed with 10-25 rad of x rays. These radiosensitive CTL are Lyt-1,2+ T lymphocytes. Analyses of cytotoxicity by chromium release assays indicate that the radiosensitive CTL are present in responder spleen cell cultures from all strains of mice tested. The generation of these effector cells is most pronounced in animals of the C57BL background. The mechanism of low dose radiosensitivity appears to be interphase death. PMID- 6978923 TI - Germ cell-induced immune suppression in mice. Effect of inoculation of syngeneic spermatozoa on cell-mediated immune responses. AB - Spleen cells from mice injected intravenously with syngeneic male germ cells exhibited reduced immune functions as determined by natural killer cell activity, mixed lymphocyte reactivity and cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) function. The decrease in CTL responses to trinitrophenyl-modified self (TNP-self) was detected as early as 4 d after sperm injection and was observed to H-2 alloantigens 3 wk after injection. Radiosensitive suppressor T cells were found to suppress the CTL response to TNP-self. Suppression lasted for a period of at least 7 wk after a single inoculation of the germ cells. Some variability in immune suppression capability was observed using different preparations of germ cells which are not yet completely understood. Sperm were more effective in inducing suppression than testicular cells derived from the seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, sperm from older animals were more effective than those from younger mice. These findings are discussed with respect to possible regulatory influences of germ cells on the immune system when the blood-testes barrier is broken. PMID- 6978925 TI - T cells from fully H-2 allogeneic (A replaced by B) radiation bone marrow chimeras are functionally competent and host restricted but are alloreactive against hybrid Ia determinants expressed on (A x B)F1 cells. AB - In this communication it is demonstrated that T cells from fully allogeneic A replaced by B radiation bone marrow chimeras are alloreactive against the hybrid Ia molecules expressed on the surface of heterozygous A X B cells. These results suggested that previous failures to generate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses from fully allogeneic chimeras by sensitizing the chimeric T cells to antigen in an (A X B)F1-priming environment might have been confounded by an ongoing alloreaction against determinants created by hybrid Ia molecules expressed on F1 cells. Consequently, the ability to generate CTL responses from fully allogeneic chimeras was re-examined by sensitizing the chimeric T cells to antigen presented by homozygous rather that F1 stimulator cells. It was found that T cells of donor bone marrow origin that mediate cytotoxic responses to trinitrophenyl-modified self determinants do differentiate into functional competence in an H-2-incompatible host environment and are restricted to the host H-2 haplotype. PMID- 6978926 TI - Aging and antimicrobial immunity. Lowered efficiency of protective T cells as a contributing factor for the decreased resistance of senescent mice to listeriosis. AB - Experimental murine listeriosis was used as a model to investigate the immunological basis for the age-associated decline in antimicrobial immunity. The reduced capacity of protective T cells from Listeria-immune senescent mice to adoptively immunize normal syngeneic recipients could not be attributed to inhibition of their activity by suppressor cells. Radiolabeled enriched splenic T cells from Listeria-immune young or senescent donors exhibited an identical distribution pattern after an intravenous infusion into young recipients. Moreover, cells from Listeria-immune young donors showed markedly greater protective capacity than cells from senescent immune donors whether the cells were transferred to young or senescent recipients. Dose-response analysis of protective T cells revealed that in response to immunizing infection (a) senescent mice generated 10-fold fewer protective T cells, and (b) protective T cells from senescent mice were 100-fold less efficient than cells from young mice. PMID- 6978928 TI - The effects of acute and repeated treatment with salbutamol, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, on clonidine-induced hypoactivity in rats. AB - A dose-dependent decrease in exploratory activity of naive rats was observed after 5-20 mg/kg i.p. of salbutamol. This effect was antagonized by the pretreatment with propranolol and yohimbine. Furthermore, in a single dose of mg/kg salbutamol increased clonidine-induced hypoactivity. By contrast to acute effects, repetitive administration of salbutamol (5 mg/kg twice daily for 10 days) failed to change exploratory activity of rats and abolished the clonidine induced hypoactivity. The results demonstrate differences in the acute and chronic effects of salbutamol on behaviour which may indicate changes in the sensitivity of adrenergic pre- as well as postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors. Tentatively, the results could be explained by development of alpha2-adrenoceptor subsensitivity and the involvement of beta-adrenoceptors in the regulation of their activity. PMID- 6978927 TI - Dissection of the proliferative and differentiative signals controlling murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. AB - Evidence is presented that interleukin 2 (IL-2) is not sufficient to cause the differentiation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Sources of IL-2 were compared for their ability to cause proliferation as well as differentiation into CTL. Whereas all factors caused proliferation, only the crude Con A supernatant had cytotoxic T cell differentiation factor (CTDF) activity. Furthermore, factors absorbed with an IL-2-dependent cell line to remove IL-2 still retained CTDF activity. Thus, IL-2 functions to cause clonal expansion of CTL precursors preactivated by antigen or mitogen, but for their differentiation into CTL, an additional factor is required, here called CTDF. PMID- 6978929 TI - Calcium-dependent binding of cytosolic proteins by chromaffin granules from adrenal medulla. AB - Purified chromaffin granules from bovine adrenal medulla bound a small group of medullary cell cytosol proteins at micromolar levels of Ca2+ and physiological levels of K+, Mg2+, and Mg-ATP. The bound proteins had molecular weights of 33,000-37,000 and 70,000-71,000 on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and did not correspond with any previously reported cytosolic components of chromaffin cells. The new proteins were eluted from intact granules or resealed granule membranes at 0.1 microM Ca2+; binding was half-maximal at 2.6 microM. Adsorption and elution in this manner resulted in a high degree of purification of the new proteins that were minor components of the original cytosol. Partially purified fractions enriched in the 33,000-37,000 and 70,000 71,000 proteins bound 45Ca2+ at submicromolar levels in the presence of millimolar Mg2+. Calmodulin was also bound by the granule membranes and was present in trace amounts in cytosol eluates from granules, but it did not bind to the new proteins in the presence of calcium ions. The possible significance of the new proteins to calcium-mediated secretion from chromaffin cells is discussed. PMID- 6978930 TI - Adaptation to altered support and visual conditions during stance: patients with vestibular deficits. AB - Patients whose deficits were limited to clinically well qualified vestibular disorders have been exposed to a number of altered support surface and visual environments while standing unsupported. A six-degrees-of-freedom platform employing movable support surfaces for each foot and a movable visual surround deprived patients of normal inputs derived from a fixed level support surface and from an immobile surround. Various tests employing EMG, force, and body movement recording identified quantitative changes in the patients' strategy for the relative weighting of proprioceptive, vestibular, and visual inputs. The most dramatic performance deficit of patients was their inability to suppress the influence of visual and proprioceptive inputs appropriately whenever motions of external surface disturbed the orientation information provided by these inputs. Thus, the more mildly afflicted patients experienced instability not so much because of the loss of vestibular inputs directly to posture but because of their inappropriate responses to proprioceptive inputs and vision. Discussion is centered on the role of vestibular input as an internal reference system for orientation about which adaptive changes in proprioceptive and visual inputs are made. PMID- 6978932 TI - Noninvasive measurement of blood flow, oxygen consumption, and glucose utilization in the same brain regions in man by positron emission tomography: concise communication. AB - Local cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen consumption (CMRO2), and glucose utilization (CMR-Glc) have been measured in three patients by positron emission tomography (PET), together with continuous inhalation of oxygen-15-labeled gases and i.v. injection of [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. In normal brain, the close local coupling between CBF and CMR-Glc, and that between CMRO2 and CMR-Glc, were well demonstrated. The coupling held for the asymptomatic areas and for parts of the affected hemispheres in two patients with cerebral ischemia. In one patient the CBF/CMR-Glc couple, but not the CMRO2/CMR-Glc couple, was disrupted in the acute ischemic core. This preliminary work demonstrates the local quantification of these important functional parameters, and indicates the potential usefulness of studying their pathophysiological interrelationship in brain disease. PMID- 6978931 TI - Neuroradiological study of holoprosencephalies. PMID- 6978933 TI - In vivo regional quantitation of intrathoracic Tc-99m using SPECT: concise communication. AB - A whole-body single-photon emission computed tomographic system (SPECT) was used to quantitate the activities of a series of Tc-99m point sources in the dog's thorax and to evaluate attenuation of a uniform esophageal line source containing a known concentration of Tc-99m. A first-order attenuation correction and an empirically derived attenuation coefficient of 0.09 cm-1 were used in the SPECT analyses of the intrathoracic point sources. The relationship between SPECT measurements of multiple point-source activities and the same sources measured in air was linear over a range of 100 to 1000 muCi (slope 1.08; R2 coefficient of determination 0.97). These data are sufficiently accurate to allow an estimate of the regional activity of radiopharmaceutical in the dog's thorax and justify their use in experimental quantitation of regional pulmonary perfusion. PMID- 6978934 TI - Regional distribution of myocardial blood flow measured by single-photon emission tomography: comparison with in vitro counting. AB - An emission computed tomography system (SPECT), which uses a single large-field of-view gamma camera, was evaluated for its ability to measure the relative distribution of myocardial blood flow and to assess the effect of attenuation, scatter, and cardiac motion on the tomographic images. Normalized regional myocardial counts from the SPECT images of the living dogs correlated closely with those from the anatomic slices and the samples counted at necropsy except for an over-estimate of tracer in the perfusion defect (SPECT) 57.7 compared to tissue count 32.1; p less than 0.05. The differences were less for the other imaging conditions. Heart and thorax motion, attenuation, and scatter contributed less than 25% to the over-estimate of defect counts. We conclude that the SPECT system accurately reflects regional distribution of myocardial blood flow except for overestimation of flow in regions of perfusion defects. Small perfusion defects might therefore be missed, but no artifactual defects are created. PMID- 6978935 TI - Re: performance of the rotating slant-hole collimator for the detection of myocardial perfusion abnormalities. PMID- 6978936 TI - [A case report of the maxillary cancer associated with marked leukocytosis and hypercalcemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978937 TI - Lymphocyte function in experimental canine dirofilariasis: B-cell responses to heterologous antigen. PMID- 6978938 TI - Release of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase from frog skeletal muscles treated with imipramine. AB - Frog sartorius and extensor longus digiti IV ("toe") muscles were mounted in sample collecting units, isometric tension was recorded and the activities of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase released into the bathing medium were measured. Addition of imipramine (greater than 0.2 mM) to the control medium induced muscle contractures and increased the rates of enzyme release. Electronmicrographs of muscles exposed to imipramine (0.5--1.0 mM) showed fibers in which the extracellular marked horseradish peroxidase was detected in the sarcoplasm. Both the enzyme-releasing and the contractile effects of imipramine were inhibited by procaine (but not by lidocaine) and were enhanced by replacement of external chloride ions with propionate. The data are consistent with the suggestion that events associated with tension development contribute greatly to the imipramine-induced loss of sarcoplasmic enzymes from frog skeletal muscles. The elevated Ca++ concentration in the sarcoplasm during the imipramine induced contracture is thought to lead to changes in the plasma membrane that account for the increased enzyme loss and for the penetration of horseradish peroxidase into the sarcoplasm. PMID- 6978939 TI - Distribution of macrophage cytotoxic and macrophage helper functions on BSA discontinuous gradients. PMID- 6978940 TI - Genetically determined disproportion between primary and secondary tetanus antitoxin responses and proliferative reactions in lymph nodes regional to the site of antigen injection: C57L/J compared with haired and hairless HRS/J mice. PMID- 6978941 TI - Proliferation and colony formation by mononuclear cells from human rib marrow in liquid culture. PMID- 6978942 TI - Psychophysical studies on subjects with visual defects. PMID- 6978943 TI - Tetrahydrofolate and hydroxocobolamin in the management of dihydropteridine reductase deficiency. PMID- 6978944 TI - Ultrastructural histopathology of experimental Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis in the infant rat. II. Phagocytosis and lysis of microorganisms by leptomeningeal leukocytes. AB - We examined the events associated with phagocytosis, lysis and digestion of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) by subarachnoid leukocytes in infant rats with experimental Hib meningitis. In early stages of infection, large numbers of bacteria were attached to the surfaces of neutrophils and macrophages invaded the subarachnoid space and actively ingested Hib. The bacteria, coccobacillary in shape with an approximate length of 1.0 micrometers and 0.3 micrometer in width, were interiorized after fusion of leukocyte microplicae which had arisen around them. Ingested Hib were sequestered within large, membrane-bound vacuoles containing five or more microbes. Following the fusion of primary lysosomes with the membrane of the phagocytic vacuole, bacteria were lysed and degraded. In later stages of infection, macrophages possessed large numbers of inclusions containing extensively digested Hib and myelin figures. Histochemical analysis of subarachnoid leukocytes revealed that macrophages actively synthesized acid phosphatase and that this enzyme aided in the digestion of phagocytosed bacteria. Peroxidase was also demonstrated within phagocytic vacuoles of neutrophils. Our results suggest that subarachnoid macrophages and neutrophils actively lyse and digest ingested Hib through the direct action of their hydrolytic enzymes. PMID- 6978945 TI - In vitro studies of amphibian gastrula cells. AB - Experiments are presented to determine whether Rana pipiens gastrula cells differentiate in vitro as they do in vivo with respect to rate, morphology and spreading characteristics. Comparisons are made between presumptive germ layer cells isolated at late blastula, cultured for 24 h, and the same cell types form late gastrula cultured for 1 h (LeBlanc and Brick, 1981a). These cells are chronologically similar and should be morphologically similar at the end of their respective culture periods if in vivo and in vitro differentiation are proceeding in the same direction and rate. Five hour cultures of the same cell types were compared to 1 h cultures in media with enhanced Ca2+ (LeBlanc and Brick, 1981b) to study the role of Ca2+ as a modulator of spreading and production of cell protrusions, and the rate at which these occur, as these relate to morphogenetic movements. The data and inferences can be summarized as follows: (1) Some Rana pipiens late blastula and gastrula cells appear to differentiate morphologically in vitro similarly to their differentiation in vivo. (2) In vitro differentiation is autonomous indicating that determination occurred prior to late blastula, mid gastrula or late gastrula depending on when cells were isolated. (3) The presence of two sub-populations is some germ layer cell isolate indicates determinative interactions had occurred prior to isolation. (4) Morphologic similarity of cells in standard culture for 5 h to the same cells in culture with additional Ca2+ for 1 h suggests that Ca2+ modulates spreading and projection formation and the rate at which these occur. (5) The upper cell surface of these cells may provide adhesive sites for plasmalemma projections from adjacent cells. PMID- 6978946 TI - Optokinetic after-nystagmus in man after loss or reduction of labyrinthine function - a preliminary report. AB - Horizontal optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) was studied in normal volunteers and in patients with either unilateral or bilateral loss of labyrinthine function. Optokinetic stimulation in normal volunteers produced OKAN in the same direction as preceding optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) with a duration of 45-90 seconds and a slowly decreasing slow phase eye velocity. Similar stimulation in the bilateral labyrinthine loss group produced markedly diminished or no OKAN. In the unilateral group when the optokinetic stimulus produced OKN with fast phase to the affected ear, OKAN was markedly diminished or absent and replaced by a nystagmus which was reversed in direction to the preceding OKN. The opposite stimulus produced OKAN similar to the volunteer group. The above results support the observation that in human beings, the production of normal OKAN depends on an intact bilateral peripheral vestibular input and further demonstrates that the technique has lateralizing value in unilateral vestibular disease. These results also suggest that separate storage mechanisms are responsible for producing OKAN in the two directions, and that these storage mechanisms are decoupled from each other. PMID- 6978949 TI - Haemophilus influenzae prostatitis. PMID- 6978947 TI - Histiocytosis X with pericardial effusion: diagnosis questioned. PMID- 6978948 TI - Kartagener's syndrome. AB - Kartagener's syndrome, characterized by situs inversus, paranasal sinusitis, and bronchiectasis, is part of a more generalized syndrome characterized by sterility in men, chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, and chronic otitis media; it is referred to as the immotile-cilia syndrome. Those patients with situs inversus will give a typical radiological appearance allowing an early diagnosis; however, in those patients with immotile-cilia syndrome who have normal visceral situs, a high index of suspicion and early electron microscopic examination of respiratory tract cilia will be necessary for early diagnosis and therapy to prevent irreversible bronchiectasis and lung destruction. We describe a young woman with bronchiectasis associated with situs inversus and chronic sinusitis, found to have abnormal respiratory epithelium cilia. PMID- 6978950 TI - [Systemic amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma--amino acid analysis of the amyloid substance and its association with immunoglobulins (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978952 TI - [Early epidermal changes in experimental allergic contact dermatitis in guinea pigs. Ultrastructural studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978951 TI - [Immunological and ultrastructural study of the tumor cells in cutaneous B cell lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978954 TI - [Emission spectral analysis of ultraweak chemiluminescence from linolenic acid and squalene peroxides (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978953 TI - [Tick bite: a study by scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978955 TI - [Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) storage disease involving skin and bone. Chemical analysis of PVP from human skin and serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978960 TI - [Developing instruments for measurement of criteria: a clinical nursing practice perspective]. PMID- 6978959 TI - [Nursing diagnosis/patient profile. Medical record - by POMR]. PMID- 6978957 TI - [Studies on liver images by subtraction scintigram and ECT (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978958 TI - [Systemic approach to a critical patient and the process of care planning with special reference to the care of a patient for the first 24 hours in the ICU following A-C bypass]. PMID- 6978956 TI - [Antilymphocyte antibodies in ulcerative colitis. A study of antilymphocyte antibodies in ulcerative colitis using fluorescence activated cell sorter (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978961 TI - Post-tetanic potentiation and inhibition in single fibres isolated from frog semitendinosus muscle. AB - The twitch contractions of single fibres from the frog semitendinosus, innervated and denervated, were studied after a brief period (2-3 sec) of conditioning stimulation (CS), at frequencies varying from 1-120/sec. Twitch potentiation was consistently observed in denervated fibres at all rates of CS used. Maximal potentiation was attained within the first 12 sec after the end of CS, which then decayed progressively. The overall duration of the effect, in general, was longer than 5 min. The time course of potentiated twitches was slightly shortened. Inhibition preceding potentiation was the prevailing effect on innervated fibres under the present conditions. Inhibition appeared either after a short interval (500 msec of less) between the end of CS and the beginning of the subsequent twitch, or after several repetitions of the conditioning schedule. The latter form of inhibition was replaced by potentiation when the corresponding fibres were allowed to rest for 60 min before further conditioning stimulations. Maximal inhibition was attained shortly after the end of CS, which then progressively disappeared. On occasion inhibition lasted longer than 5 min. The time course of inhibited twitches was slightly enlarged. After fatigue, CS produced twitch inhibition on innervated fibres. In denervated muscles the effect was either potentiation or inhibition. These results are discussed according to the data in the literature. PMID- 6978962 TI - Circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations in childhood renal diseases. AB - Vitamin D metabolites were measured in children, untreated with glucocorticoids, who had renal disease. Two groups were defined in relation to endogenous creatinine clearance values: those with impaired clearance , 0 to 48 ml/min per 1.73 m2; and those with unimpaired clearance, 75 to 150 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Serum 1.25(OH)2D was 16 +/- (SD) 12 pg/ml in impaired patients (N=24) and 48 +/- 16 pg/ml in unimpaired patients (N=18). The latter level is not different from healthy childhood controls (43 +/- 12 pg/ml; N=194). Serum samples of 25(OH)D2 and D3 were comparable in each group and not different from control values of 33.2 +/- 10.3 ng/ml. Serum 24,25(OH)2D was 0.6 +/- (SD) 0.14 ng/ml in patients with a clearance of less than 13 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 1.39 +/- 0.54 ng/ml in those with a clearance of 18 to 48 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and 152 +/- 0.91 ng/ml in patients without an impairment of clearance. Only patients with the lowest clearance had values different from control values of 1.70 +/- 0.57 ng/ml. In our study we suggest that a significant reduction in 24,25(OH)2D and 1,25(OH)2D are found at low clearance values in children with tubulointerstitial disease. Our study further suggests that a reduction in renal tubular mass is important in accounting for these changes in vitamin D metabolite values. PMID- 6978963 TI - [Disorders of ciliary motility]. PMID- 6978964 TI - [Comparative study of the therapeutic effect of multichannel programmed electrotherapy, sinusoidal modulated, diadynamic and galvanic currents]. PMID- 6978965 TI - [Changes in the water compartments of gastroduodenal hemorrhage patients]. PMID- 6978966 TI - Logistics of tumor immunology. PMID- 6978968 TI - Additional factor XII (Hageman factor) deficiency in hemophilia A and in von Willebrand syndrome. AB - Factor XII plasma levels were investigated with several methods in patients with hemophilia A and B and von Willebrand syndrome. There seem to be some families with hemophilia A or von Willebrand syndrome, who have an additional, congenital, partial lack of factor XII (Hageman factor). The mode of inheritance is independent of the other coagulation disorder. Frequently, the first indication of an additional factor XII deficiency is the disproportionate prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) as regards the factor VIII level. The average factor XII level in patients with hemophilia A and von Willebrand syndrome is significantly lower than in normal subjects or patients with hemophilia B. It cannot be excluded that the frequently low levels of factor XII in patients with severe hemophilia are acquired and probably due to liver cell damage. PMID- 6978967 TI - Proliferation of T gamma-lymphocytes in two patients: clinical features and functional properties of the proliferating cells. AB - Two patients suffering form proliferation of T gamma cells exhibited uncommon clinical features, such as activation of intravascular coagulation after low dose irradiation of the enlarged spleen in one patient and isolated neutropenia in the other patients. While the malignant nature of the disease was doubtless in one patient, cell proliferation in the other patient was more likely reactive. In addition to T cell determinants the proliferating cells expressed a monocytic antigen. They did not suppress B-lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells. In contrast the proliferating cell, especially in one patient, acted as potent effectors in NK and ADCC using melanoma and MOLT 4 target cells. Erythrophagocytosis by T gamma cells was seen in one patient. The data suggest that subsets of T gamma cells are related to the monocytic lineage and that these cells cen mediate both NKA and ADCC and partly can develop phagocytic activity. PMID- 6978970 TI - [Achievements of modern antirheumatism therapy]. PMID- 6978971 TI - [Surgery of coronary heart disease]. PMID- 6978969 TI - [Pathogenesis of amyloidosis in periodic disease]. PMID- 6978972 TI - Evidence for an androgen binding component in human placental cytosol. AB - A high-affinity, low-capacity androgen binding component is present in human term placental cytosol. A synthetic androgen tracer, [3H]-R1881, was bound by a single class of binding sites with a K4 of 2.73 +/- 1.25 X 10(-9) M and a concentration of binding sites of 157 +/- 73 fmol/mg protein (N = 20). In competitive binding studies, R1881, T, 5 alpha T, androstenedione and DHEA, were active competitors, but not estradiol, progesterone or cortisol. The [3H]-R1881 macromolecule complex exhibited a sedimentation coefficient of 4-5 S under low and high salt conditions, and the radioactive tracer was displaced by a 100-fold excess of unlabelled R1881. This binding component has characteristics of high-affinity, low-capacity, sedimentation behaviour and specificity, commonly attributed to androgen "receptors". PMID- 6978974 TI - The factors influencing early patency of coronary artery bypass vein grafts: correlation of angiographic and ultrastructural findings. AB - To test the hypothesis that suboptimal preparation of saphenous veins may adversely affect early patency of aorta-coronary artery bypass grafts, a nonrandomized prospective study was undertaken comparing two methods of saphenous vein preparation prior to grafting. Forty recatheterizations were performed during the postoperative hospital stay (approximately 10 days) in two groups of asymptomatic patients who had undergone isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Veins from patients in Group I were bathed in autologous, heparinized blood at 20 degrees C and distended to 80 mm Hg, prior to grafting. The veins from Group II patients were prepared in an identical manner, except that the bathing solution consisted of heparinized electrolyte solution with added papaverine (0.6 mg/lg). Segments of vein from each group were obtained prior to grafting and preserved in 3% glutaraldehyde for subsequent electron microscopic studies. Operative technique in both groups of patients was identical and all procedures were performed by the same surgeons. Comparison of patients in Group I and II revealed no significant difference in the number of diseased vessels per patient (3.1 versus 3.4), number of grafts per patient (2.9 versus 2.9), native vessel diameter (1.9 versus 1.7 mm), and postoperative graft flows (65 versus 68 cc/min). However, early postoperative graft patency in Group II patients was 93% versus 80% in patients in Group I (p less thn 0.01). Electron microscopic analysis revealed severe spasm of venous smooth muscle in the blood-stored veins causing intraluminal smooth muscle cell cytoplasmic protrusions with resultant endothelial separation and desquamation. Formation of fibrin-platelet microaggregates was common. These findings were not present in the solution treated veins. In view of these ultrastructural findings, and the highly significant difference in patency rates, we have abandoned all blood storage techniques and now prepare saphenous veins by soaking them in a clear bathing medium with added heparin and papaverine. Long-term follow-up of these patients is currently in progress and may reveal even more dramatic results than we have heretofore observed. PMID- 6978973 TI - Hemostasis in experimental pulmonary injury. AB - Fibrin Seal (consisting of fibrinogen, cold insoluble globulin, factor XIII, antiplasmin, platelet growth factor, thrombin, and calcium chloride), cryoprecipitate, at Avitene were applied to areas of pulmonary wedge resections in dogs and cynomologus monkeys in an attempt to stop bleeding and air leakage. In the control groups, hemorrhage persisted. Comparing the three hemostatic agents used. Avitene was the least effective followed by cryoprecipitate. Fibrin Seal was most effective. In all cases, it eliminated both air leakage and bleeding. PMID- 6978975 TI - Risk-benefit analysis of warfarin therapy in Hancock mitral valve replacement. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the thromboembolic and/or major bleeding complications of 124 consecutive but nonrandomized patients who had only mitral valve replacement with the Hancock porcine xenograft between September, 1974 and June, 1979. These patients were treated either with or without anticoagulants. Four basic study groups were created: Group 1, warfarin; Group 2, aspirin; Group 3, no anticoagulants; and Group 4, warfarin and aspirin. Group 5 combined Groups 1 and 4 (warfarin and warfarin plus aspirin) and Group 6 combined Groups 2 and 3 (aspirin and no anticoagulants). The cardiac rhythm, history of embolism, and intraoperative findings of a thrombus in the left atrium were examined as risk factors for later thromboembolism . Follow-up time was 3.03 years (range 2.0 to 4.2 years). The embolic rate was not significantly different in any group (n = NS). In Groups 5 and 6 the embolic rate was 2.97 and 3.25 embolisms per 100 patient-years, respectively. Warfarin therapy resulted in significant major bleeding episodes, including two deaths (p less than 0.05). The number of patients with a history of a previous embolism, the finding of an intraoperative left atrial thrombus, or abnormal cardiac rhythm was insufficient to test embolic risk in the four treatment groups. We conclude that long-term warfarin therapy increases the risk of bleeding complications but may not significantly influence the incidence of thromboembolism arising from the Hancock porcine xenograft mitral valve. Other and larger studies are needed to confirm this last point. PMID- 6978976 TI - The syndrome of calcific aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding: resolution following aortic valve replacement. AB - A syndrome exists in elderly patients of gastrointestinal tract bleeding (GIB) associated with calcific aortic stenosis (CAS). The bleeding, which may be chronic and massive, has been attributed to tiny mucosal vascular lesions which usually occur in the right colon. Selective mesenteric angiography is the best way to demonstrate the lesions, which are not seen on barium examination and may not been seen endoscopically. Previously, the recommended treatment has been segmental bowel resection, usually right hemicolectomy. Three patients have been seen with this syndrome of CAS-GIB. All three patients had severe CAS and chronic GIB and two of them had had previous, unsuccessful, intestinal operations for their GIB. All three patients had aortic valve replacement and the GIB stopped in all three patients after valve replacement. Possible mechanisms are discussed. It is concluded that aortic valve replacement is the treatment of choice for the syndrome of CAS-GIB. PMID- 6978978 TI - Hereditary angioneurotic edema and functional C1 esterase inhibitor. PMID- 6978977 TI - Rapid freezing of neural tissues for electron microscopy: a specimen carrier for correlative electrophysiological studies. AB - The employment of rapid freezing of fresh tissue for electron microscopic studies of nervous tissue is receiving increasing attention. We report here on the design of a specimen carrier for use with freezing machines. This apparatus permits electrical stimulation and recording of responses closely comparable to those obtained in ordinary in vitro conditions. The essential features of this apparatus are that it employs miniature suction electrodes for stimulation and recording, a detachable well for mounting the specimen in Ringer's solution and a detachable cap for maintaining the specimen in a physiologic state suitable for freezing. This specimen carrier was designed for sympathetic ganglia but could be used with other types of neural tissue for correlative electrophysiological and morphological or biochemical studies. PMID- 6978979 TI - Results of endoneural injection of Guillain-Barre serum in Lewis rats. AB - We previously studied the neurophysiologic effect of endoneural injection of serum from patients with acute inflammatory-demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy into the sciatic nerve of Sprague-Dawley rats and did not observe a statistically significant difference between the results with that serum and control serum at 1 week. Because of potential strain susceptibility to acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy serum after endoneural injection, the syngeneic Lewis rat--which is more susceptible than other strains of rats to experimental allergic neuritis (considered to be an experimental model of acute inflammatory-demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy)--was studied. We used sera from five severely affected patients and also used a more sensitive (compared with our earlier studies) electrophysiologic approach that included in vivo monophasic compound action potential recordings and paired pulses. No statistically significant differences in conduction velocity, amplitude, indices of dispersion, or time-integral percentage were found between disease and control sera at 1 week. We conclude that the human acute inflammatory-demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy serum tested did not contain measurable demyelinating activity for rat nerve in excess of that of control serum. PMID- 6978980 TI - [Acute digestive hemorrhage caused by jejunal angiodysplasia]. PMID- 6978981 TI - [Specific beta-glycoprotein of pregnancy in patients with autoimmune diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978982 TI - [In vitro activity of BRL 25.000 (amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid) against Enterobacteriaceae betalactamase producers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6978983 TI - CARDIOCOD: a query data-base for clinical cardiology. PMID- 6978984 TI - [The influence of sonography and computer tomography on the operative treatment of acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Adequate stage-depending therapy of acute pancreatitis includes basic conservative treatment, intensive care measurements, and operative interventions depending on the grade of severity. Prerequisites are early diagnosis and accurate clinical assessment of the stage of severity. Beside clinical and laboratory findings, as well as the development of acute pancreatitis under conservative treatment, sonography and computed tomography allow a better prediction of the underlying morphological changes, thus leading to an exact staging of the patient's individual situation. Sonography is regarded a screening procedure of high accuracy in mild forms of acute pancreatitis. Computed tomography is the method of choice in all severe forms of this disease. The indication for immediate or delayed operative treatment of hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis, heretofore depending on clinical findings solely, is supported by these new-invasive diagnostic modalities. PMID- 6978986 TI - Computerized tomography of the temporal bone. AB - Computerized tomography is acquiring an increasingly important role in the radiographic assessment of the temporal bone. In the latest generation of CT scanners, spacial resolution has been reduced to 0.1 cu mm and slice thickness to 1.5 mm. The main advantages of computerized tomography in comparison to multidirectional tomography are the improved contrast of the images and above all the clear demonstration of soft tissue structures and masses within or adjacent to the temporal bone. The following three applications of computerized tomography will be discussed: 1. Evaluation of intratemporal soft tissue masses. Computerized tomography allows differentiation of fluid filled from solid masses and vascular tumors. 2. Assessment of lesions extending outside the temporal bone or into the temporal bone from adjacent structures. In these cases CT will demonstrate the temporal bone involvement and the presence and extension of the intra or extra cranial component of the lesion. 3. Study of the cerebellopontine angle. Computerized tomography with infusion and combined with pneumocisternography comprise the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of acoustic neuromas and other lesions occurring in this area. PMID- 6978985 TI - [Complications after resection in cases of chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Mortality and post-operative complications are reported in 236 patients with chronic pancreatitis, who underwent pancreas resection in the Surgical Clinic of the University of Mainz between 1967 and 1979. Early mortality was 10.2%, late death (average observation time: 3 years 36 weeks) occurred in 19.0% of all patients. The most common intra-operative and early complication was haemorrhage, in later illness and deaths, alcohol-induced disorders of the liver and their consequences, played a large part. In 12 cases, persisting pancreatitis required further operation. Exact differentiation of the indications, with the aid of ultrasound and computed tomography, is necessary. PMID- 6978989 TI - C1q. PMID- 6978987 TI - Serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and bone remodelling in hyperthyroidism. AB - Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin DF, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were measured in 25 untreated hyperthyroid patients in whom histomorphometric evaluations of iliac crest bone biopsies were performed after in vivo tetracycline doublelabeling. The serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was normal. The serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was reduced (p less than 0.02) compared to normal whereas the serum concentration of 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D was increased (p less than 0.02). The bone changes were characterized by an enhanced turn-over in trabecular and cortical bone leading to an increased porosity of cortical bone and mobilisation of bone mineral. The observed changes in vitamin D metabolism could be explained by a reduced renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity secondary to hypercalcaemia with suppressed parathyroid secretion and hyperphosphataemia. The bone changes were unrelated to the serum levels of vitamin D metabolites. In trabecular bone the appositional rate and mineralization rates of osteoid were increased and the mineralization lag time was shortened showing that the mineralization and formation of osteoid in the hyperthyroid state can progress with an enhanced rate in spite of a reduced mean serum level of the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. PMID- 6978988 TI - Serum prealbumin levels in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ). AB - The relationship between low serum prealbumin levels and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ) was investigated. Pi typing was done by acid starch gel electrophoresis followed by crossed antigen-antibody electrophoresis and/or immunofixation. Serum prealbumin levels were determined by radial immunodiffusion. While the serum concentration of prealbumin was low in nine of the fifteen PiZ children, this could be explained by the presence of liver disease in eight of those patients; one patient was asymptomatic. In contrast, only one of the twelve adult PiZ patients exhibited a low prealbumin level, also due to liver disease. We conclude that there is no direct association between PiZ alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and low serum prealbumin levels in children or adults. PMID- 6978990 TI - Asthma caused by occupational exposure to vanadium compounds. AB - Four workers from a recently established vanadium pentoxide refinery in Western Australia presented with green discoloration of the tongue, upper respiratory symptoms, and asthma. Three of them were non-atopic as judged by history, prick skin test responses, and total serum IgE levels. The two with most recent exposure to vanadium compounds exhibited bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine. Vanadium compounds appear to be capable of inducing asthma in previously normal subjects. One subject continued to wheeze eight weeks after this last exposure. PMID- 6978991 TI - [Assessment of the correctness of the diagnosis and treatment of subjects hospitalized for urinary tract infections in clinics and hospitals]. PMID- 6978992 TI - Head tilt, circling, nystagmus. PMID- 6978993 TI - Otitis media: closing the information gap. PMID- 6978995 TI - Propranolol in gastrointestinal bleeding from cirrhosis. PMID- 6978994 TI - Visualization of "cold" thyroid nodules with nonradioactive iodine. PMID- 6978996 TI - H-2K-, H-21- and H-2D-restricted hybridoma contact sensitivity effector cells. PMID- 6978998 TI - Hapten-specific T suppressor factor recognizes both hapten and I-J region products on haptenized spleen cells. PMID- 6978997 TI - Corticotropin releasing factor produces behavioural activation in rats. PMID- 6979000 TI - [Effect of cerebellar cortical electrostimulation on the frequency of epileptic seizures in severe forms of epilepsy]. AB - The authors studied 14 patients with epileptic seizures occurring from one to about 20 daily despite monitored pharmacological treatment. Two pairs of silver, properly insulated electrodes were applied to the subtentorial surface of both cerebellar hemispheres through burr-holes. The cerebellar surface was stimulated once daily for 30 min to 1 hour with electrical current at 10 Hz, 1 msec, 1-7 V during 10 to 16 days. During that time epileptic seizures disappeared completely in 5 cases, in 6 patients their frequency was reduced to one seizure every several days, in 2 cases the improvement was slight and one patient failed to improve. After cessation of electrostimulation and removal of electrodes in most cases the seizures increased again in frequently gradually. Twelve months after the procedure in only 4 cases a significant improvement remained. The authors believe that this method of cerebellar cortex stimulation should be regarded as a trial before making decision about chronic implantation of cerebellar electrostimulator for selecting patients responding well to this treatment. This group amounts to about 30% of such drug-resistant cases. PMID- 6979002 TI - Cerebellar vermis dysplasia: diagnostic problems by CT. PMID- 6978999 TI - Product of a transferred H-2Ld gene acts as restriction element for LCMV-specific killer T cells. PMID- 6979001 TI - Suppression of prolactin secretion by benzodiazepines in vivo. AB - Administration of benzodiazepines to male or female rats was observed to inhibit prolactin release. Basal secretion of prolactin was only slightly suppressed with the highest dose of benzodiazepines; however, the rise in prolactin release following a stimulus was prevented even at low doses (0.1-1 mg/kg). The benzodiazepine diazepam blocked stress-induced prolactin release and, when given during the critical period of proestrus, the proestrus surge of prolactin. Diazepam administration also blunted the release of prolactin induced by dopaminergic receptor blockade following haloperidol, or by serotonergic receptor activation produced by fluoxetine, a serotonergic reuptake inhibitor plus 5 hydroxytryptophan, a serotonin precursor. Inhibition of prolactin release by benzodiazepine was dose related, and inhibition was still evident after repeated diazepam injection. The potency of three benzodiazepine analogues to inhibit prolactin release correlated with their potency to displace radiolabeled diazepam binding from brain membrane fractions or to induce other biological responses (clonazepam greater than diazepam greater than chlordiazepoxide). These actions of benzodiazepines on prolactin release are similar to those reported for gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). The hypothesis of a benzodiazepine GABA receptor complex suggests that GABA may be involved in these in vivo actions of diazepam. PMID- 6979004 TI - The evaluation of ventriculography as a supplement to computed tomography. AB - The diagnostic value of ventriculography (VGR) as a supplement to computed tomography (CT) is evaluated in 42 patients. CT was slightly superior for diagnosing expanding lesions and could tell more about the size and nature of the processes in this selected material which includes only lesions adjacent to the ventricular system. VGR yielded more information about the attachment of a tumor to the wall, floor, or roof of the ventricles. Stenosis or occlusion of the Sylvian aqueduct, communicating hydrocephalus, and basal adhesive arachnoiditis were diagnosed by VGR, while the correct diagnosis could be suggested only by CT in these cases. PMID- 6979003 TI - Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilisation in patients with cerebral tumours using 15O and positron emission tomography: analytical techniques and preliminary results. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilisation have been studied in 8 patients with brain tumours using continuous inhalation of C15O2 and 15O2 and positron emission tomography. The methods used to analyse the regional cerebral pathophysiology are presented. A relative uncoupling between oxygen consumption and blood flow was observed in all tumours as indicated by a decreased regional fractional extraction of oxygen (rOER). This suggest that a major proportion of these tumours had sufficient blood supply to meet oxygen metabolic demand. A decrease of blood flow in grey matter was found both in the affected and contralateral hemispheres of the brain. Matched reductions of flow and oxygen utilisation were observed in oedematous tissue. PMID- 6979005 TI - Do we need ventriculography in the era of computed tomography? AB - The question is posed whether in the investigation of intracranial tumors, particularly in the posterior cranial fossa, CT and/or ventriculography should be practiced. We investigated 134 patients (93 were children up to the age of 14 years), all of whom had had both computed tomography and ventriculography. The results clearly demonstrate the superiority of CT compared with ventriculography. Ventriculography is a surgical intervention with risk for the patient; side effects may occur and serious complications can sometimes arise. Modern CT is producing pictures of high quality which are entirely sufficient for neurosurgical intervention. Very rarely does additional angiography have to be performed. The diagnosis of intracranial tumor can be fully established by CT and ventriculography is no longer necessary. PMID- 6979007 TI - [Natural history of the lymphomas]. PMID- 6979006 TI - [Clinico-microbiologic bases for the use of new cephalosporins]. PMID- 6979008 TI - [Immunoblastic sarcoma]. PMID- 6979010 TI - [Initial immunologic evaluations in breast and thyroid cancer]. AB - In evaluating pre- and post-operative immunological status of 15 patients with malignant breast and thyroid tumors and of 9 patients with benign breast and thyroid lesions, rosette E test, CEA, cortisol, immunocomplexes and determination of circulating leukocytes, B lymphocytes and immunoglobulins was employed. The obtained data were not significative to show a lack of immune response in tumor bearing patients. Among the reexamined parameters, CEA was the only one that apparently correlated with prognosis; its serum levels, being at a high rate in a high percentage of malignancies, tended to fall down after surgical treatment. PMID- 6979011 TI - [Lymphocytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes in alcoholic liver lesions]. PMID- 6979009 TI - [Immunomorphology in oncology]. PMID- 6979012 TI - [Idiotypic study of human myeloma]. PMID- 6979013 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid disease with levamisole. Comparison of 2 dosage regimens]. PMID- 6979014 TI - Small intestinal bleeding. Method for intraoperative localization. PMID- 6979015 TI - Saphenous vein preservation. PMID- 6979016 TI - A genetic male patient with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - A patient with 46,XY karyotype and 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency is reported who illustrates marked virilization of the external genitalia. Marked phallic development and almost complete labioscrotal fusion with no development of a utriculovaginal pouch were noted. Because the perineum was essentially similar to that seen in male-to-female transsexuals, vaginal construction required the McIndoe procedure. Hence, although some patients with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency have minimal virilization of the external genitalia, this patient's history indicates the operative management necessary in the opposite extreme, when patients show complete masculinization. Hormonal evaluation after gonadectomy revealed the enzyme deficiency based on abnormalities of steroid secretion by the adrenal cortex. PMID- 6979018 TI - [Immunologic disorders in endogenous uveitis and the possible means of their correction by drugs]. PMID- 6979017 TI - Treatment of Hemophilus vaginalis vaginitis. PMID- 6979019 TI - [Immunological reactivity and the development of eye and orbital tumors]. PMID- 6979020 TI - [Immunoglobulin content of the lacrimal fluid with intraocular correction]. PMID- 6979021 TI - [Phagocytic activity of the peripheral neutrophils in eye diseases]. PMID- 6979022 TI - Oral bleeding in classic hemophilia. AB - Charts of 132 patients with proved classic hemophilia were reviewed. The diagnosis of hemophilia was most often made after 6 months of age but before 2 years. Persistent oral bleeding led to the diagnosis in 13.6 percent of the cases. The oral site most often involved was the frenum of the lip. In the patient with proven hemophilia, oral bleeding accounted for 9 percent of those bleeding episodes requiring infusion therapy. PMID- 6979023 TI - [Untreated adrenal cortex hyperplasia in the adult]. PMID- 6979028 TI - Arterial malformation of stomach: a cause of massive bleeding. AB - Fatal gastrointestinal bleeding is rarely caused by a ruptured abnormal intramural gastric artery, and in such cases the nature of the abnormality in the ruptured artery has not been clearly defined. In this report, a case of fatal haemorrhage from a ruptured artery in the stomach of a 34-yr-old male is presented. The arterial lesion was demonstrated and appeared similar to the berry aneurysms of the Circle of Willis--which are probably the result of developmental defects in the media of the arterial wall. Phlebosclerosis due to portal hypertension was a coincidental finding. Previously reported cases are considered and compared with the present case. PMID- 6979025 TI - Substance abuse, public health and the pediatrician. AB - Substance abuse is a major public health problem affecting increasing numbers of children and adolescents. It is important to consider the various etiologic factors and the detrimental effects on individuals and social welfare. Intervention refers to early diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and resocialization, as well as prevention, education, and alternatives. Its effectiveness depends on: the recognition of the problem as biopsychosocial; a humanistic/holistic approach; and collaboration of family, school, work, etc., with the physician and the patient. Training in substance abuse will prepare the pediatrician to meets his responsibilities as clinician, school consultant, family counselor, public health worker, and community educator. PMID- 6979024 TI - [A trial of establishing indications to surgical treatment of neoplasms on the basis of certain immunological parameters (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979029 TI - Mechanisms of autoimmunity. PMID- 6979027 TI - A differentiation antigen expressed selectively by a proportion of human blood cells: detection with a monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody, FMC 8, has been prepared after immunization with a cell line of the non-T-non-B type acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The antigen detected by this antibody consists of a single polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular weight of 24,000 d. The antigen is absent from T cells but appears after mitogen stimulation. It is found on the majority of normal circulating B cells but is absent in most chronic lymphocytic leukaemias. All cells of the non T-non-B type express the antigen, whereas T-ALL cells generally do not. Granulocytes, monocytes and platelets react with the antibody, but erythrocytes do not. The wide but selective distribution of the antigen renders FMC 8 potentially useful, together with other monoclonal antibodies, in the delineation of differentiation pathways and in phenotypic analysis of leukaemia and lymphoma cells. PMID- 6979030 TI - Treatment of fragile-X. PMID- 6979026 TI - Treatment of acute cervical pain: a comparative group study. PMID- 6979031 TI - Conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome. AB - Purulent conjunctivitis associated with otitis media was studied in 124 patients in a private practice over a period of one year. Of the 132 patients seen with purulent conjunctivitis, 96 (73%) concurrently had otitis media. In 29 (47%) of 60 families with more than one child, siblings of the index cases had either purulent conjunctivitis or otitis media, or both, simultaneously or within one month. During the study period, conjunctival cultures were obtained from 75 patients with purulent conjunctivitis-otitis media and patients with purulent conjunctivitis whose siblings had purulent conjunctivitis-otitis media or otitis media. Haemophilus influenzae was isolated from 55 (73%). Thirty-one of the patients had nasal cultures done simultaneously with conjunctival cultures. An identical pathogen was isolated from 27 (87%) patients. PMID- 6979032 TI - Influence of passive and active vestibular stimulation on balance of young children. AB - 60 children, 6 to 8 yr. old, with below-average scores on three balance tests were divided into four equal groups: active vestibular stimulation (Preston Vestibular Board), passive vestibular stimulation (rotating chair), and a control group for each. Vestibular groups were given 14 sessions of stimulation over a 5 wk. period. Balance scores for all groups, including controls, improved significantly on one or more of the tests. Improvement could not be related to vestibular stimulation. PMID- 6979035 TI - [Hemophilus influenzae septicemia in an adult]. PMID- 6979034 TI - Antibiogram and production of beta-lactamase by canine isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Clinical isolates of canine S. aureus strains (213) have been investigated for ability to produce beta-lactamase and sensitivity to 12 antibiotics. Fifty (23.5%) strains produced beta-lactamase. Using only the paper disc antibiotic diffusion method 17 of these would incorrectly have been classified was sensitive to beta-lactamase antibiotics. all strains were sensitive to methicillin, gentamicin and fusidic acid. PMID- 6979036 TI - [Adrenal enzymatic block detected after the menopause]. PMID- 6979037 TI - Obstetrical emergencies. A systematic approach for nursing intervention. PMID- 6979039 TI - The hypermobility syndrome. PMID- 6979033 TI - [ECT and liver scintigram in the diagnosis of liver tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979040 TI - Traveler's diarrhea: must it spoil the patient's trip? PMID- 6979041 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte count of thyroid pathology patients]. AB - Absolute and relative content of the peripheral blood T-, B- and "zero" cells was studied in 204 patients with thyroid pathology (154 subjects with toxic and 32 with non-toxic goiter, 12 with hypothyrosis and 6 with Hashimoto thyroiditis) by means of spontaneous and complementary rosette-forming method. Patients, suffering from thyroid diseases, mainly from moderate and severe goiter, hypothyrosis and Hashimoto goiter, developed changes in T- and B-lymphocyte system, manifesting in significant fall of the blood absolute and relative T-cell number and B-lymphocyte count increase. Frequency and extent of these alterations depend on severity of toxic goiter, ophthalmopathy and chronic infection presence. T- and B-lymphocyte system does not return to normal in the nearest periods after the drug treatment. PMID- 6979038 TI - Radioimmunoassay of CRF-like material in rat hypothalamus. AB - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) was recently isolated from ovine hypothalami by its ability to stimulate adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and beta-endorphin release from dispersed rat pituitary cells. In order to study the physiology of this peptide, we have developed a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for CRF. Synthetic CRF was conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin and emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant. A suitable antiserum was obtained which showed no crossreactivity with eight naturally occurring peptides. N-Tyr-CRF was iodinated and used as tracer. With this assay, CRF-like immunoreactivity which coeluted with ovine CRF on Sephadex G50 was detected in rat hypothalami. PMID- 6979044 TI - Transfer of an antigen-specific immediate hypersensitivity-like reaction with an antigen-binding factor produced by T cells. AB - The fact that T cell-dependent activation of mast cells occurs in delayed-type hypersensitivity led us to investigate whether a T cell product could mimic some of the functions of IgE. We report that 24- or 48-hr cultures of T cells from mice immunized optimally for delayed-type hypersensitivity resulted in release of an antigen-binding factor that transferred the ability to elicit an antigen specific immediate hypersensitivity-like skin reaction in normal recipients. The responsible factor was concentrated and purified by affinity chromatography on antigen columns and was distinguished from immunoglobulin by several criteria: (i) it was released by purified T cells (anti-immunoglobulin plate depletion of B cells); (ii) it expressed no known antigenic markers of immunoglobulins (enzyme linked immunosorbant direct binding assay); (iii) it had a molecular weight of 70,000 or less (sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation); and (iv) it had serological markers associated with antigen-specific T cell factors from other experimental systems. We suggest that, at sites of delayed-type hypersensitivity, antigen-reactive T cells may release antigen-specific factors that lead to mast cell activation and release of vasoactive amines, which is required for elicitation for these responses. PMID- 6979042 TI - In vivo immune response to a T-cell-dependent antigen by cultures of disassociated murine Peyer's patch. AB - The first line of defense against pathogens that enter the host by the oral route appears to involve the gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue-e.g., Peyer's patches (PP). Although animals can readily be immunized by orally administered antigen that mobilizes the secretory immune system, there is a total lack of local antibody synthesis in the PP and the cellular basis for this deficiency remains a mystery. A lymphoreticular cell population, obtained when murine PP were treated with a neutral protease (Dispase), consisted of accessory cells [macrophages (MPhi)] and T and B lymphocytes. In vitro cultures of these PP cell preparations with the thymic-dependent antigen sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) resulted in good anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses. The time courses of these responses were identical to those seen with spleen cell cultures. Submitogenic concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A) and optimal doses of N-acetylmuramyl-L alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhanced in vitro responses of PP cell cultures to SRBC. PP possess fully functional antigen presenting MPhi because incubation of optimal proportions of splenic T and B cells with purified populations of PP MPhi supported good in vitro immune responses. Murine PP possess all of the necessary elements for an IgA immune response because PP cell cultures derived from mice orally primed with SRBC and immunized with SRBC in vitro gave high IgA anti-SRBC PFC responses. All of the adjuvants tested (LPS, MDP, and Con A) enhanced IgA responses in PP cell cultures from orally primed mice; however, Con A induced the greatest enhancement. These results demonstrate that murine PP possess MPhi capable of accessory cell functions for in vitro immune responses and that oral priming with antigen induces the precursor T- and B-cell populations necessary for IgA responses, that are potentiated by adjuvants, in PP cell cultures. Thus, murine PP possess the lymphoreticular cells required for antibody responses; however, the tissue architecture likely prevents local responses in vivo. The finding that enzymatically dissociated PP contain all of the necessary cellular components for antibody synthesis, whereas the in vivo tissue architecture prevents the complex interactions necessary for this response, suggests that the initial inductive events take place in situ, and additional cell interactions are required for final differentiation of IgA-synthesizing plasma cells to occur at distant mucosal sites. PMID- 6979043 TI - Reciprocal modulation of agonist and antagonist binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptor by guanine nucleotide. AB - The ability of guanine nucleotide to decrease the binding affinity of agonists but not antagonists has been documented in a number of hormone and neurotransmitter receptor systems. By contrast, recent reports indicate that both agonist and antagonist binding to the muscarinic cholinergic receptors appear to be regulated in a reciprocal fashion by guanine nucleotide. We document two forms of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor in frog heart, which are present in approximately equal proportions and which display high-agonist/low antagonist and low-agonist/high-antagonist affinities, respectively. Guanine nucleotide appears to convert the former type of site into the latter type. These observations can be interpreted in terms of a model for two interconvertible forms of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor reciprocally favored by agonists and antagonists. This model has implications both for the understanding of neurotransmitter receptor interactions generally and for the nature of the biological effects of receptor antagonists. PMID- 6979045 TI - Dietary fat affects immune response, production of antiviral factors, and immune complex disease in NZB/NZW mice. AB - Autoimmune-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 (B/W) mice fed three nearly isocaloric diets with varied fat content showed a marked difference in their spontaneous development of immune complex disease and their immune response. Those animals received the diets high in either unsaturated or saturated fats had more severe immune complex nephritis and died earlier than mice on the low-fat diet. Endogenous production of the mouse xenotropic virus was unaffected by dietary fats, but the serum lipoproteins associated with antiviral activity were increased to levels as high as 1:600,000 in the B/W mice on the high-fat diets. These lipoproteins may be partially responsible for the decreased mitogenic response of spleen cells from mice fed the two high-fat diets. The mice receiving a diet high in saturated fats produced substantially higher titers of natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody, an IgM class of antibody, than did the mice maintained either on the high unsaturated-fat or low-fat diet. In contrast, the mice receiving the diet high in unsaturated fats made significantly greater levels of antibodies to double stranded DNA, an IgG, than did the mice kept on the two other diets. These results suggest that the type of fat in the diet could affect the serum level of different immunoglobulin classes. The data provide further evidence that the amount of dietary lipids alone can influence cellular and humoral immune responses and the spontaneous development of immune complex disease. PMID- 6979046 TI - Dissociation of two signals required for activation of resting B cells. AB - Cellular interactions involved in the T cell-dependent activation of B cells were analyzed by using lines and clones of helper T cells specific for determinants expressed on the B cell surface. Activation of male antigen-, M locus-, and H-2 specific T cells was shown to support polyclonal Ig production by a population of B cells that did not require T-cell-B-cell interaction for induction/amplification. However, these T cells alone did not activate gradient purified small (resting) B cells. The activation of small B cells was shown to require not only a signal derived through an antigen-specific T-helper cell-B cell interaction but in addition a second signal that could be provided by anti Ig antibodies. PMID- 6979047 TI - Tolerance of thymic cytotoxic T lymphocytes to allogeneic H-2 determinants encountered prethymically: evidence for expression of anti-H-2 receptors prior to entry into the thymus. AB - This study has assessed the possibility that anti-H-2 receptors are expressed on T-cell precursors prior to their entry into the thymus. Parental strain A thymus was transplanted into either normal or thymectomized (A x B)F1 mice which were then irradiated and reconstituted with strain A bone marrow. The cells repopulating the engrafted strain A thymus were shown to be of donor bone marrow origin. Thus, strain A thymocytes were differentiating within a syngeneic thymus, after exposure to allogeneic strain B major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants of the irradiated F1 host. The cells repopulating the engrafted thymus were assessed for their ability to generate alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and were found to be specifically tolerant to allogeneic strain B MHC determinants. This tolerance existed in the absence of detectable suppression and in the absence of detectable strain B MHC determinants intrathymically. These data are most consistent with the concept that precursor T cells express anti-MHC receptors prior to their entry into the thymus and that exposure to MHC determinants prethymically results in their functional inactivation. PMID- 6979048 TI - Isolation and characterization of retrovirus from cell lines of human adult T cell leukemia and its implication in the disease. AB - A retrovirus (ATLV) was unequivocally demonstrated in human adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cell lines by density (1.152-1.155 g/cm3) in a sucrose gradient, reverse transcriptase activity insensitive to actinomycin D, RNA labeled with [3H]uridine, and specific proteins with molecular weights of 11,000, 14,000, 17,000, 24,000, and 45,000. Furthermore, cDNA prepared by endogenous reaction with detergent-treated virions hybridized to 35S RNA containing poly(A), which was inducible by IdUrd treatment of a T-cell line derived from leukemic cells of the ATL, and the integrated form of ATLV proviral DNA was detected in T-cell lines derived from ATL. The ATLV proviral DNA was also detected in fresh peripheral lymphocytes from all five patients with ATL tested so far but not in those from healthy adults. On the other hand, ATLV protein of Mr 42,000 was found to be at least one of the ATL-associated antigen(s) that were previously detected in ATL-leukemic cells by all sera from patients with ATL. These findings on the close association of ATLV protein and proviral DNA with ATL are direct evidence for the possible involvement of the retrovirus ATLV in leukemogenesis of human ATL. PMID- 6979050 TI - The effect of prostaglandin precursors in in vivo models of cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6979052 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for nonunited fractures; a clinical report. AB - Clinical observations were made to assess the value of standard transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation apparatus for enhancement of osteogenesis. Pulse width and rate were adjusted to obtain maximum stimulation time. Electrode placements were selected dependent on the presence of plaster immobilization, accessibility of the fracture site, and anatomical limitations. In all cases, minimal current intensities were used because earlier studies stressed microamperage levels. Linear, crossed, and transverse electrode placement patterns were used. Standard equipment was used, including monophasic and biphasic units with single and dual channels. Three case reports were cited in which fractures had been nonunited for at least six months prior to study. The patients administered the stimulation daily at home, with rented units, for one month before reevaluation. Radiographic changes reported were fibrous bridging and early ossification activity. Interestingly, the patients reported decreases in pain even though electrode placements were not optimal for analgesic effects. This simple, safe, effective, and inexpensive technique for stimulating early osteogenesis with nonunited fractures is suggested as a routine procedure with all fractures. PMID- 6979049 TI - Potential mechanism of emphysema: alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor recovered from lungs of cigarette smokers contains oxidized methionine and has decreased elastase inhibitory capacity. AB - The elastase inhibitory capacity per mg of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 PI) was measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from 26 healthy smokers and 24 nonsmokers. Activity was decreased by 40% in smokers' BAL fluid compared to nonsmokers. This effect was demonstrable by using human neutrophil elastase as well as porcine pancreatic elastase as test enzyme (elastase, EC 3.4.21.11) and was reproducible when selected individuals in each group underwent lavage on repeated occasions. In contrast, the functional activity of alpha 1 antichymotrypsin was not decreased in smokers' BAL fluid. Crossed antigen antibody electrophoresis confirmed that inactivation of alpha 1 PI was responsible for the decrease in the elastase inhibitory capacity of smokers' BAL fluid. alpha 1 PI purified from smokers' BAL fluids contained methionine sulfoxide (4 mol/mol of inactive alpha 1 PI), whereas alpha 1 PI from nonsmokers' BAL fluid did not. Smokers' alpha 1 PI was indistinguishable from nonsmokers' alpha 1 PI on the basis of electrophoretic mobility, molecular weight, and immunoreactivity. Thus, oxidation of methionine residues in lung alpha 1 PI is associated with cigarette smoking. Because chemical oxidation of alpha 1 PI in vitro causes loss of its elastase inhibitory activity, the present observations suggest that methionine oxidation may also be the cause of decreased functional activity of lung alpha 1 PI in smokers. Oxidative inactivation of alpha 1 PI in the lungs of cigarette smokers may play a role in the development of pulmonary emphysema in this group. PMID- 6979053 TI - Absolute and relative refractory periods of the substrates for lateral hypothalamic and ventral midbrain self-stimulation. AB - The pulse-pair paradigm was used to behaviorally assess the absolute and relative refractory periods of neurons subserving brain-stimulation reward. The amplitude of the second pulse was either equal to, 41% greater than, or 73% greater than the amplitude of the first pulse. In the equal amplitude condition, recovery from refractoriness began as early as 0.4 msec and did not asymptote until as late as 3.5 msec. A 41% increase in the intensity shortened the time course of recovery in five out of six cases. In only one of these five cases did a 73% increase in the intensity of the second pulse produce further changes in time course. Neither increase in the amplitude of the second pulse affected the time course of recovery in one subject. The absolute refractory periods of the directly stimulated reward-relevant neurons appear to be less than 1.5 msec and as short as 0.4 msec; some of these neurons have relative refractory periods that range between 1.0 and 3.5 msec. PMID- 6979054 TI - The substrates for lateral hypothalamic and medial pre-frontal cortex self stimulation have different refractory periods and show poor spatial summation. AB - Refractory periods of the substrates for lateral hypothalamic (LH) and medial pre frontal cortex (MPFC) self-stimulation were behaviorally estimated. The beginning of recovery from refractoriness was estimated as the time at which recovery was 20% complete. In all 7 rats, this estimate differed substantially across sites, averaging 0.66 msec and 1.59 msec for the LH and MPFC substrates, respectively. The recovery of excitability approached asymptote later in the MPFC substrate (3.5 msec) than in the LH substrate (1.5 msec). These findings are consistent with the view that different fibers subserve the reinforcing consequences of LH and MPFC stimulation. This notion is strengthened by the observation that the rewarding effects of stimulation summated poorly when stimulating pulses were concurrently delivered to these two sites. PMID- 6979051 TI - Age-dependent reduction in maximum electroshock convulsive threshold associated with decreased concentrations of brain monoamines. AB - This study investigated modification of the tonic convulsive threshold to maximum electroshock in 15- and 30 day old rats treated with drugs which reduce steady state concentrations of monoamines. On postnatal day 15, reduction of central catecholamine concentrations by 6-hydroxydopamine or of central serotonin concentrations by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine or p-chloroamphetamine did not alter the tonic convulsive threshold. However, simultaneous depletion of catecholamines and serotonin by tetrabenazine was associated with a significant decrease in the tonic threshold. This effect could be reversed partially by simultaneous administration of the catecholamine and serotonin precursors, L dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan, respectively. On postnatal day 30, reduction of brain serotonin concentration, but not catecholamine concentrations, was associated with a significant decrease of the tonic convulsive threshold. In a previous study, in which 7-8 day old rats were used, a tetrabenazine-induced decrease in the tonic convulsive threshold prevented by L dihydroxyphenylalanine but not 5-hydroxytryptophan. Furthermore, intracisternal 6 hydroxydopamine, but not 5,7-dihydroxyhyptamine, decreased the threshold on postnatal day 8. Therefore, the results of the present day study involving 15- and 30 day old rats, together with the earlier findings in 7-8 day old rats, [28] suggest an apparent developmental transition from catecholaminergic to serotonergic dominance in regulation of the tonic convulsive threshold during the first postnatal month. PMID- 6979055 TI - Behavioral changes induced by basolateral amygdala self-stimulation. PMID- 6979057 TI - Treatment of non-union of fractures by pulsing electro-magnetic fields. PMID- 6979056 TI - Influence of vascular and lumen flow on sodium movements across anuran intestine in vitro. AB - There is a positive linear relation between the vascular flow rate and the magnitudes of the unidirectional fluxes of Na in either direction in the steady state across the small intestine of the frog. Both unidirectional Na fluxes increase to the same extent with an increase in vascular flow so there is no apparent effect of flow on net Na movement. Raising the vascular flow rate in individual experiments increases the lumen-blood Na flux proportionately, but reducing the flow from an initially high value reduces the lumen-blood flux only slowly at first then more rapidly. The unidirectional Na fluxes increase linearly as the lumen flow rate is increased. In the colon increasing the vascular flow rate also increases the lumen-blood Na flux but changing the vascular flow rate has little effect on the blood-lumen flux, the net absorption of Na is invariably increased as the vascular flow increases. Using 14C-labelled sucrose as a marker for the extracellular space of the small intestine, it can be shown that the increases in Na flux found with increased vascular flow rates are associated with an increase in this sucrose space. An increase in sucrose space, therefore, seems to enhance the accessibility of the low resistance, paracellular pathways for Na to and from the blood across the epithelium. PMID- 6979058 TI - Computed tomography in evaluation of hydrocephalus. PMID- 6979059 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of degenerative brain disease. PMID- 6979060 TI - The petrous temporal bone (including the cerebellopontine angle). AB - Lower resolution CT scanners play an important role in the evaluation of the cerebellopontine angle, but careful integration along with the older conventional examinations is often necessary. A high-resolution CT scanner may provide all the necessary information. With proper techniques, bony changes are most clearly analyzed, and small tumors of the acoustic nerve may be directly seen in the cerebellopontine angle, and even in the internal auditory canal, with only a contrast-enhanced scan. If necessary CT-air cisternography provides the most sensitive and least morbid of the definitive, invasive examinations. In scanning only a localized region, care must be taken not to overlook abnormalities just beyond the immediate cerebellopontine angle, either within the posterior fossa or the petrous temporal bone. PMID- 6979062 TI - Predicting splenic abnormality in Hodgkin disease using volume response to epinephrine administration. AB - The change in relative splenic volume following epinephrine administration was used to determine splenic abnormality noninvasively. Selective splenic imaging was accomplished with 99mTc-labeled heat-treated red blood cells, an LFOV gamma camera, a 30 degrees bilateral rotating slant hole collimator, and bilateral slant hole tomographic software. Relative splenic volumes were plotted over time, and correlated with clinical and histologic data. Eight patients with Hodgkin disease and other lymphomas were examined. Volume response to epinephrine appears to be significantly less in abnormal spleens, and may serve to identify patients with unequivocally normal spleens prior to treatment. PMID- 6979063 TI - [A case of enterorrhagia in Meckel's diverticulum diagnosed by angiography]. PMID- 6979061 TI - Clinical aspects of positron emission tomography (PET). PMID- 6979065 TI - [Spinocellular carcinoma of the esophagus. Experience in 56 cases]. PMID- 6979064 TI - [Nature of the disorder of hemoglobin synthesis in thalassemias]. PMID- 6979066 TI - [17,20-Desmolase (lyase) deficiency and male pseudohermaphroditism in Indians of the Curipi river]. PMID- 6979067 TI - [Lipidograms in patients at the Clinical Hospital of the Ribeirao Preto Medical School]. PMID- 6979068 TI - [Comparative study of the spermogram and hormone levels in fertile and infertile males]. PMID- 6979070 TI - [Revascularization of the lower extremities by femorotibial bypass with an autologous saphenous vein. Surgical technic and long-term results]. PMID- 6979071 TI - [Transverse testicular ectopia. Report of a case, concept and review of the literature]. PMID- 6979069 TI - [Sensitivity of Salmonella typhi to antimicrobials used clinically]. PMID- 6979072 TI - [High digestive panendoscopy in children]. PMID- 6979074 TI - The nature of allorosette-forming cells in rats. AB - ARFC appear in the spleen after transplantation of organs or tissues and immunization with nucleated cells between isohistogenic rat strains. The allorosette formation of rat spleen cells and T cells, isolated by an Ig-anti-Ig column, was examined. It has been demonstrated that 90% of ARFC are B cells and 10% are T cells. The allorosette phenomenon can therefore be considered an immune reaction concerning predominantly the B-cell system. Allorosette-forming T cells are discussed to be SD-antigen-recognizing cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6979075 TI - [Analysis of the causes of death in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6979073 TI - [Factors conducive to digestive hemorrhage in the intensive care service and coronary unit]. PMID- 6979076 TI - [Long-term results of transvestibular neurectomy (10 years' experience)]. PMID- 6979078 TI - [Evidence of a new soluble nuclear antigen in mixed connective tissue disease with dysimmune lymphadenopathy and Sjogren syndrome without anti ribonucleoprotein antibodies (RNP)]. PMID- 6979077 TI - [Importance of antibiotherapy in surgery of the middle and internal ear. Study on the diffusion of the combination sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the perilymph]. PMID- 6979080 TI - [Rheumatic diseases and the histocompatibility complex (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979079 TI - [Multiple eosinophilic granulomas of the bones in diabetes insipidus. Borderline forms of histiocytosis X in the adult]. PMID- 6979081 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and rheumatologic disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979083 TI - Recognition. PMID- 6979084 TI - The dilemma of nursing. PMID- 6979082 TI - Actinomycetoma in the United States. AB - Actinomycetoma (Madura foot) caused by Actinomadura madurae occurred in an Indiana factory worker. Previous cases of culture-proven actinomycetoma from the United States and reports of drug therapy were reviewed. Treatment with sulfonamides, streptomycin, dapsone, and other antimicrobial agents has been effective. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) therapy was effective in our case, but sulfadiazine was not. In vitro, SMZ was 16 times more active against the infecting strain of A. madurae than was sulfadiazine, and TMP was inactive, suggesting that our patient's satisfactory treatment might have been due to SMZ alone. Prolonged therapy is usually necessary. Relatively simple immunologic procedures and antimicrobiol susceptibility tests have been useful in the diagnosis and management of actinomycetoma. With appropriate antimicrobial therapy, surgical excision or amputation usually can be avoided. Recommendations for the medical management of actinomycetoma are summarized. PMID- 6979085 TI - Advancing nursing as a profession. PMID- 6979088 TI - The stimulus to host cell proliferation in graft-versus-host reactions. AB - Two experiments are described concerned with the mechanism of host cell activation in the rat popliteal lymph node (LN) undergoing a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction. (1) Irradiated, F1 hybrid hosts (750 rad) mounted an impaired response to parental strain T cells. This was augmented by an intravenous injection of F1 hybrid lymphocytes but not by parental strain B lymphocytes syngeneic with the initiating T cells. When the donor T cells (footpad) and B lymphocytes (intravenous) were completely allogeneic the residual response of the irradiated F1 was completely inhibited. (2) The popliteal LN response in the semi allogeneic situation of the type (A x C)F1 leads to (B x C)F1 was, if anything, weaker than in the allogeneic situation AA leads to BB. These results and other data are discussed in terms of a possible major histocompatibility complex (MHC) requirement for host cell activation. The sharing of an MHC haplotype between donor and host cells is unlikely to be a necessary or sufficient condition for host cell activation. PMID- 6979087 TI - [Varicosis of small intestine and mesentery: rare portocaval shunt (author's transl)]. AB - Oesophageal piles are the most common source of bleeding in portal hypertension. Dilated, submucous veins of the entire intestine, however, can also be sources of haemorrhage. The incidence of bleeding decreases in aboral direction. Pre existing venous connections between the mesenterial veins of the terminal ileum nd the right gonadal vein can participate in setting up a hepatofugal collateral circulatory system. PMID- 6979089 TI - Proceedings of the meeting "Immunogenetics of Rheumatic Diseases" held during the annual meeting of the Finnish Medical Association, Helsinki, January 8th, 1981. PMID- 6979086 TI - [Technique of the x-ray examination of the lungs (author's transl)]. AB - Thorax radiography with high kilovoltage technique in 2 planes is the basis for lung examination. In case of special on-target problems additional x-ray films will be necessary. The aim must always be to obtain an image of the details which are essential for proper diagnosis, showing the fine structures of the relevant area. Among the important image parameters are the visualisation of the fine vessels in the lung periphery and on the costopleural margin from the apex of the lung to the diaphragm; the sharp image of the central pulmonary vessels, of the cardiac margin and the diaphragm; and the recognisability of the retrocardiac vessels. The article discusses the anatomicophysiological conditions, the technical requirements and the demands to be made on the medical assessment of the findings. PMID- 6979090 TI - [Duplication of the small intestine with angiomyodysplastic wall changes and a bleeding mucosal lesion]. PMID- 6979091 TI - [A cross-sectional study of facial growth using Moire topography]. PMID- 6979092 TI - [Methergin]. PMID- 6979093 TI - [Preparation and installation of patients for arterial surgery of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6979095 TI - [Surgery of arterial atheromatous lesions of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6979094 TI - [Surgical technics in the treatment of arterial occlusive diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6979096 TI - [Arterial anatomy of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6979097 TI - [Care of trophic disorders and local care after amputation]. PMID- 6979098 TI - [Equipment and reeducation of arteritic amputees]. PMID- 6979099 TI - [Amputees of the lower extremities, their functional future]. PMID- 6979100 TI - [Artificial organs in 1981]. PMID- 6979102 TI - [Value of arteriography and of Doppler in the assessment of the lower extremity obliterating arteriopathy]. PMID- 6979101 TI - [Clinical assessment of lower extremity arteritis]. PMID- 6979103 TI - Numbers of T-cell rosettes in the peripheral blood of patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. AB - We evaluated 21 maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and 23 healthy control subjects quantitatively for levels of peripheral blood T-cells. Mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood by the Ficoll-Hypaque gradient technic were used to determine the percentage of T-cells that formed E-rosettes (%RFC) in each group. Total blood lymphocytes were also determined for each group and the results were compared. The absolute number of lymphocytes/cu mm for 21 MHD patients averaged 1,737 +/- 112 SE and the mean %RFC was 70.0 +/- 1.15 SE; comparable values for 23 normal controls were 2,081 +/- 83 and 60.2 +/- 1.01, respectively. Although MHD patients had significantly lower average values for number of lymphocytes/cu mm (t = 2.490, P less than .02), the mean value of %RFC for MHD patients was significantly higher than that of normal controls (t = 6.118, P less than .001). The data indicate that MHD patients are lymphopenic but have a significantly higher %RFC (T-cells) than do normal subjects. Based on this finding, we hypothesize that there is selective depletion of a specific subpopulation of lymphocytes in MHD patients. PMID- 6979106 TI - Coronary artery surgery-beyond the crossroads? AB - When coronary artery surgery is well performed one can anticipate an operative mortality of +/- 1%, a perioperative infarction rate of +/- 4% and a graft patency rate of 5 years of 80-85%; about 90% of patients are likely to obtain relief from angina pectoris. Moreover, life expectancy is prolonged in patients with left main obstruction, triple- and double-vessel (when the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery is involved) disease, and isolated LAD artery disease above the first septal perforator. An extensive area of jeopardized myocardium is common to all these anatomical subgroups. In 1981, absolute indications for coronary angiography and coronary artery surgery in operable cases included medically refractory angina, unstable angina (non-responders, those whose condition was previously stable, and those with marked ST-segment depression during pain), unstable infarction (subendocardial infarction and infarct extension) and left ventricular failure with a demonstrably ischaemic myocardium. In all other patients with coronary artery disease, decision regarding surgery is based on coronary anatomy and the extent of viable, but jeopardized, myocardium. Although coronary angiography is the only technique that will unequivocally identify severe anatomical disease, selection of patients for this procedure is at present determined by the result of a stress exercise test. The 1980s will focus more sharply on additional subgroups of patients who will benefit from coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6979109 TI - Trapped fourth ventricle in coccidioidal meningitis. AB - A 4-year-old girl with known coccidioidal meningitis developed posterior fossa signs. CT scanning revealed a large fourth ventricle. Injection of contrast medium into the lateral ventricles revealed free flow into the fourth ventricle, and injection into the fourth ventricle revealed no flow into the aqueduct or third ventricle. The posterior fossa signs cleared after shunting of the fourth ventricle. A one-way aqueductal valve resulting from the ventricular inflammation is hypothesized. PMID- 6979105 TI - Immune responses and immunostimulation in tuberculosis therapy. AB - Despite a reasonably extensive literature on cellular and humoral immune responses in tuberculous disease, abnormalities tend to be secondary rather than predisposing to disease. No discrete immune deficiency or failure, which would explain the progression from non-infection to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis to tuberculous disease, has been identified. There is evidence that tuberculous disease occurs in a spectrum, analogous to leprosy, and it would seem that if immunostimulants, as adjuncts to standard therapy, are to be of any value in the treatment of tuberculosis, they should be used for non-reactive tuberculosis patients. The range of immunostimulants currently available tends to be indiscriminate in action and their targets in tuberculous disease largely uncertain; their role in therapy in discussed. PMID- 6979107 TI - Dense cerebellopontine epidermoid cyst. AB - A diffuse, bubblelike, high-density epidermoid cyst of the cerebellopontine angle is described as seen on CT scanning. The high density was attributed to high protein concentration of the cystic fluid due to a proliferative and exudative defense reaction to a "minor leak" of the lipidic material through the capsule, verified by Sudan black B stain. A description of the appearance of the tumor on computerized tomography, based on 42 cases of intracranial epidermoids reported in the literature, is discussed. To our knowledge this is the first morphological documentation of spontaneous leakage of cyst contents, and the second report in the English literature of a dense intracranial epidermoid. PMID- 6979108 TI - Massive gastroduodenal hemorrhage and perforation in acute spinal cord injury. AB - Fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage or perforation are important problems in the management of patients in the acute phase of spinal cord injury. This paper describes 3 patients with these conditions, and shows some of the associated hazards, especially the danger of painless penetration, perforation, and peritonitis, plus the increased morbidity of these serious problems in the presence of the neurological sequelae of spinal cord injury. Our experience shows that life-threatening hemorrhage from the gastrointestinal tract occurs in about 2.5% of patients with cord injury, and often occurs during the first few days after the accident. We believe that a high index of suspicion and an aggressive therapeutic approach are necessary to save these patients from the traditionally high mortality associated with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, especially during this critical period of acute spinal cord injury. PMID- 6979104 TI - Induction of suppressor mononuclear leucocyte activity by benoxaprofen in vitro. PMID- 6979111 TI - [Congenital deficiency of factor VII in combination with Willebrand's syndrome]. PMID- 6979113 TI - [Health resorts in rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease subjected to the aortocoronary bypass and resection of heart aneurysm]. PMID- 6979114 TI - [Pain alters the life style of rheumatic patients]. PMID- 6979110 TI - Calcified aneurysm of the vein of Galen--successful removal. PMID- 6979112 TI - [Biological stimulation in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6979116 TI - Primary pulmonary histiocytosis X in two patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6979115 TI - Chest radiological features of pulmonary histiocytosis X: a report based on 50 adult cases. AB - This study describes the chest radiographs of 50 adult patients with histologically verified histiocytosis X, proposes a radiological classification, and examines the role of radiology in assessing the prognosis of the disease. Radiologically the lesions predominate in the middle and lower lung fields, usually sparing the costophrenic angles, and are typically micronodular, reticular, or cystic. These features are especially suggestive of histiocytosis X if lung volume is normal or increased, there is an associated pneumothorax, they occur in a young male and there are no other intrathoracic changes (pleural or mediastinal). The three evolutionary patterns of improvement, stabilisation, and worsening are analysed with respect to the initial radiological features; one which carries a good prognosis is sparing of both costophrenic angles. PMID- 6979118 TI - The effect of sulfide and cyanide on nerve function. AB - Sciatic nerve bundles from Rana pipiens were immersed in amphibian Ringer containing sulfide or cyanide. Subsequent examination of the compound action potential (CAP) revealed a distinct difference in the effects of these two anions. Whereas cyanide produced a nerve incapable of repeated firings, sulfide treated nerves displayed an increased CAP which showed no tendency to diminish over extended stimulation periods. PMID- 6979119 TI - Experience of 26 acute renal failure cases. AB - Data from 26 patients in acute renal failure biopsy have been analysed to define the highest risk factors and to evaluated the reversibility of renal functions. The overall mortality rate was 38 per cent. The mortality (69%) in postsurgical and traumatic cases was significantly higher than that (8%) in cases of obstetrical and medical origin. Survivors and nonsurvivors did not differ in time of initiation of dialysis. There was an increased incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in those who died. A serious underlying disease, infection and gastrointestinal hemorrhage were mainly responsible for deaths. Five of the 16 survivors were left with renal failure and two of them required chronic hemodialysis. PMID- 6979117 TI - Block of ionic and gating currents in node of Ranvier with oenanthotoxin. AB - Oenanthotoxin (OETX) is known to induce convulsions and epileptic spikes in rat. It is shown that OETX reversibly blocks the action potential and the sodium, potassium and gating currents in frog myelinated nerve fibres. These observations suggest that the block of ionic currents by OETX is due to an immobilization of the channel gates with the channel in a closed configuration. Before complete block, it is shown that OETX differentially affects the sodium current and the charge movement and blocks to different extents the different ionic currents. The results are discussed by comparison with the effects of agents known to immobilize the gating particles and in relation to the pharmacological actions of the toxin on the central nervous system. PMID- 6979120 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the vacuolar system of the granular cells of the frog bladder under the effect of the antidiuretic hormone]. AB - The ultrastructure of the vacuolar system of the frog urinary bladder epithelium has been studied under the influence of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH). It has been shown that large vacuoles of irregular form appear during the water stimulation. In some cases, the vacuole reservoirs are continuous with the electron dense canaliculi localized predominantly in the apical part of the cell cytoplasm. Vacuole membranes, microtubules and microfilaments are tightly connected. These cytoskeleton elements are supposed to be involved in the change of the vacuole form. During the incubation of the bladder in hypotonic solutions without ADH and osmotic gradient, swelling of all cell types was observed accompanied with the appearance of small vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Thus, it has been supposed that the formation of large vacuoles in the granular cells may be associated with the increased water transport across the cell stimulated by ADH. PMID- 6979121 TI - [Histiocytosis X of the lung: clinical, radiologic and functional review]. PMID- 6979123 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte populations in deep forms of ocular herpes]. PMID- 6979124 TI - [Potentials of transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein in diagnosing and treating surgical diseases]. AB - Questions of the application of paracentetic transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein performed from the lateral access are dealt with. Indications for its application are discussed. Morphological changes and disturbances of hemodynamics of the portal system in certain diseases of the abdominal cavity are analyzed. Possible application of catheterization of the portal vein with curative purposes in order to stop oesophageal hemorrhages in portal hypertension and for continuous antienzymatic therapy of pancreonecrosis is shown. PMID- 6979125 TI - [Activity of certain components of the blood kinin system in children with acute viral respiratory infections]. PMID- 6979126 TI - [Clinical manifestations and treatment of interoreceptive-psychogenic coitus dysfunction]. PMID- 6979122 TI - [Cryosurgical treatment method in intraocular abscesses]. PMID- 6979128 TI - Classification of malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6979127 TI - Malignant lymphomas: cell surface markers and advances in classification. AB - Identification of cell surface markers permits detailed analysis and classification of the cells involved in the immune response. Application of these techniques to the study of malignant lymphomas has led to our understanding of these tumors as neoplasms of specific elements of the immune system. This approach, which emphasizes functional characteristics of the neoplastic cells, promises to revolutionize the diagnosis and classification of the lymphomas and replace classifications based solely on morphology. PMID- 6979131 TI - [Arterialization of heart veins in chronic and acute myocardial ischemia - clinical course and experiment]. PMID- 6979130 TI - [Salmonella enteritis in childhood - a tropical problem (author's transl)]. AB - 148 children with Salmonella gastroenteritis were admitted to the Mautner Markhofsches Kinderspital of Vienna in the 4-year period 1977 to 1980. The age distribution showed a marked prevalence of infants and young children. Salmonella Wien, typhi murium and enteritidis were the most commonly found Salmonella subtypes. No complications were encountered. After an average stay in hospital of 9 days the patients were considered fit for discharge, although only one third had negative stool cultures, whilst two thirds were convalescent Salmonella excretors. The duration of Salmonella excretion showed a hyperbolic course and was dependent on various factors, but could not be shortened by antimicrobial treatment. The topical problems of Salmonella gastroenteritis are discussed: the age distribution, with the highest incidence in early childhood, the duration of excretion in relation to antimicrobial treatment, the arguments against routine antibacterial treatment, the increase in Salmonella gastroenteritis in Western countries over the past years and the cause of this increase based on the high contamination rate of meat from animals infected by contaminated fodder. Large canteens are particularly vulnerable. PMID- 6979129 TI - [Multiple sclerosis and chromosomal aberrations (author's transl)]. AB - Chromosomal investigations were performed after peripheral lymphocytes taken from 25 healthy females and from 35 female patients suffering from various types of multiple sclerosis had been cultured for 48 hours. The incidence of cells with chromosomal breaks in multiple sclerosis patients (2.0%) was significantly higher than in controls (1.1%): Chi2 = 7.26; DF = 1; p less than 0.01. Furthermore, chromosomal rearrangements (dicentric chromosomes, translocation chromosomes, chromatid exchange figures) were observed more frequently in the MS patients than in the controls. Analysis of the interchromosomal distribution of breaks found in the patients revealed a relative surplus in chromosome A2 and D-group chromosomes. PMID- 6979132 TI - [The transesophageal approach to the heart in electrotherapy of trachycardiac arrhythmias. I. Transesophageal electrostimulation procedure]. AB - Transoesophageal electrostimulation techniques were used in 124 cases of different tachycardiac disturbances of rhythm. By means of highly frequent transoesophageal atrial stimulation we succeeded in transformating into sinus rhythm in 46% of the patients with atrial flutter, in 29% of the cases with atrial tachycardias and in 75% of the patients with av-junctional tachycardias. At least atrial fibrillation (with decrease of the ventricular frequency) could be induced in 48% in pre-existing auricular flutter, in 38% in auricular tachycardias and in 15% in av-junctional atrial (partial success of therapy). Sinus tachycardias, atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardias could practically not be influenced by highly frequent transoesophageal atrial stimulation. Moreover, for the first time the techniques of the doubled or coupled atrial stimulation, in 2 cases also ventricular stimulations with higher frequency were tested on transoesophageal way and were introduced into the treatment of tachycardiac disturbances of rhythm. The therapeutic results of transoesophageal electrostimulation techniques seem to be comparable entirely with those of intracardiac stimulations, in which cases the non-invasive and uncomplicated techniques are accessible also to institutions without possibilities of heart catheterization. PMID- 6979133 TI - [Fatal intestinal hemorrhage caused by the rupture of an arteriosclerotic aortic aneurysm into the duodenum]. PMID- 6979135 TI - [Histamine in rheumatic diseases]. AB - Histamine, the decarboxylation product of histidine, was determined in serum, leucocytes, synovial fluid and synovial tissue rheumatic diseases. Histamine level was variable in most of the biological samples. In serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis histamine was more frequent (50%) than in controls (10%). Leucocyte preparations containing basophile cells did not differ in their histamine concentration. Synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients showed histamine levels in the range of 1,0 to 23,4 ng/ml. The results were discussed by means of the pertinent literature. PMID- 6979134 TI - [Conservative management and sclerosing injections in the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding - a comparative study (author's transl)]. AB - In a 3-year-period (1977-1979) we have treated 76 esophageal variceal bleedings from 60 patients. We compared the results of the usual conservative therapy in the first 18 months with the results of the second in which we additionally tried to sclerose the varices. Both groups of patients were comparable as well to age and sex as to aetiology and functions of the liver. PMID- 6979136 TI - [The effect of basic therapeutic procedures on the immunoregulatory T-cell apparatus in patients with chronic polyarthritis]. AB - Five by five patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with gold salts, D penicillamine and cyclophosphamide. The T-lymphocyte subpopulations were measured. In patients, treated with gold salts or D-penicillamine, we did not find alterations of the number of TG- and TM-lymphocytes. The daily treatment with 100 mg cyclophosphamide will result in a significant reduction of TG lymphocytes. PMID- 6979137 TI - [Fatty acid composition of the bilayer phospholipids in the photoreceptor membranes and aminophospholipids from the rhodopsin microenvironment of warm blooded and cold-blooded vertebrates]. AB - Studies have been made on the distribution of phospholipids between rhodopsin and free lipids of photoreceptor membranes of the outer segments of retinal rods from cattle, frog Rana temporaria and fish Teragra chalcogramma. comparative investigation of fatty acid composition of phospholipids from rhodopsin microboundary and lipid bilayer in photoreceptor membranes was made as well. Amino phospholipids from rhodopsin microboundry were revealed using glutaraldehyde. This reagent by means of its aldehyde groups links phospholipid amino groups with amino groups of proteins of photoreceptor membranes. After this treatment, free phospholipids of lipid bilayer were extracted from photoreceptor membranes by methanol-chloroform mixture. It was demonstrated that fatty acid composition of phospholipids of lipid bilayer differs from that of amino phospholipids from rhodopsin microboundary. In the animals investigated, fatty acids of phospholipids from lipid bilayer were found to be more unsaturated than fatty acids of amino phospholipids from rhodopsin microboundary. This difference was more pronounced in photoreceptor membranes from the frog and fish than from cattle. PMID- 6979138 TI - [Immune response in a nonfatal staphylococcal infection in guinea pigs]. AB - The model of nonlethal staphylococcal infection in guinea pigs was used to demonstrate that at an early period after inoculation chemotaxis of neutrophiles enhanced only in response to the specific antigen, the percentage of phagocytes with receptors for IgG increased, while immune phagocytosis by receptors for IgM decreased; at a later period the decrease of phagocytosis by receptors for IgG occurred. Besides, at a later period after inoculation a slight decrease in the total T-lymphocyte population and at an early period the increase of the content of TG were observed. The dynamics of lymphocytes with receptors for staphylococci was subject to cyclic fluctuations. PMID- 6979140 TI - [Immune system characteristics in acute pneumonia]. AB - In 76 patients with acute pneumonia the absolute and relative numbers of T- and B lymphocytes and their functional activity were determined on the basis of the data on the immunoglobulin level and lymphocyte blast-transformation with phytohemagglutinine. The character of the immune response of the patients was found to depend on the activity of the inflammatory process, its spread and the features of the clinical course of the disease. The most pronounced changes in the immune system of the patients (a sharp decrease in the number and function of T- and B-lymphocytes) were observed in croupous pneumonia and in the prolonged course of local pneumonia, as well as in cases of considerable lesion of the pulmonary tissue (3-6 and more segments). PMID- 6979139 TI - [Role of immune cytolysis and its thymosin stimulation in experimental influenza]. AB - In experiments on C57BL and CC57W mice the acute or chronic course of experimental influenza infection has been shown to correlate with the activity of immune cytolysis. At a low level of the cytolytic activity of T-lymphocytes the prolonged persistence of influenza virus develops. The stimulation of cell mediated immunity with thymosin prevents the development of chronic influenza infection. PMID- 6979141 TI - [Role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of disseminated sclerosis]. PMID- 6979143 TI - Sinoatrial function in old age. AB - The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of old age on sinoatrial function. We analyzed data obtained from 35 normal adults who were divided into 3 Groups: A (20-40 years, n=11), B (41-61 yrs, n=12). We evaluated: mean sinus node cycle length, sinus node recovery time, corrected sinus node recovery time, effective and functional refractory periods (EARP and FARP) and sinoatrial conduction time. EARP and FARP in Group C were significantly longer than in Group A (P less than 0.0025 and P less than 0.0005, respectively) and in Group B (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.025, respectively). The differences were significant also when the values were expressed in percent of SCL (Group A vs Group C: P less than 0.005 for EARP, and P less than 0.005 for FARP; Group B vs Group C: P less than 0.025 for EARP and P less than 0.025 for FARP). These were the only significant differences observed between the three groups. Our data indicate that in normal adults the aging process does not affect sinus node automatism and impulse spread to the atrium, while atrial refractoriness is lengthened significantly. PMID- 6979144 TI - Severe involvement of the conduction system in a patient with sclerodermal heart disease. An electrophysiological study. AB - A case of progressive systemic sclerosis with syncopal symptoms is reported. The presenting ECG pattern was that of an anterior myocardial infarction. The clinical history and the coronary angiography excluded significant coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. The ECG pattern evolved from the infarctual pattern associated with right bundle branch block to probably major degree of right bundle branch block associated with left posterior fascicular block. M-mode echocardiography, heart catheterization and angiographic studies did not reveal significant mechanical impairment of the left or right ventricle function. His bundle electrogram documented a markedly prolonged H-V interval, confirming an advanced impairment of distal conducting system. This case supports the suggestion that intraventricular conduction disorders in sclerodermal heart disease are not always related to diffuse myocardial involvement. The risk of sudden death justifies accurate electrophysiological evaluation in selected patients with sclerodermal cardiopathy. PMID- 6979142 TI - Interaction of horse plasma antithrombin III and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor with some serine proteinases. AB - Antithrombin III and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor isolated simultaneously from horse citrated plasma were tested for inhibitory activity against bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin, as well as elastase-like neutral proteinases from horse leucocytes. The stoichiometry of reaction and kinetic parameters (kass, Ko) were estimated and related to the protein pattern obtained after exposure of these proteinases to horse inhibitors as analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE and PAGE-SDS). As shown by fast reaction rates and low values of dissociation constants the two inhibitors effectively inactivate trypsin. On the other hand, AT III is completely inactive against chymotrypsin or leucocyte elastases with alpha 1PI only partly inhibits these enzymes. PMID- 6979145 TI - Reversible chronic acquired complete atrioventricular block. AB - The return of atrioventricular conduction is reported in a case after nearly four years of complete acquired heart block. After recovery from atrioventricular block, right bundle branch block persisted, but P-R interval and H-V interval were normal. Three months later a relapse of second degree infranodal atrioventricular block was noted. A short review of similar cases from the literature is given. PMID- 6979146 TI - Myocardial sarcoidosis: a rare cause for ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 6979147 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of Loffler's endocarditis. PMID- 6979148 TI - Compound action potentials in the peripheral nerve induced by shock-waves. AB - Projectiles hitting the human body cause shock waves spreading throughout the tissue. To verify a presumed interaction between these shockwaves and nervous tissue electrophysiological experiments have been performed showing the following results: 1. Compound action potentials (CAPs) are provoked in the peripheral nerves by the shockwaves. 2. The amplitude of the CAPs correspond to the magnitude of the shockwaves. 3. There is no electrical activity in the peripheral nerves below a certain threshold pressure. 4. "Saturation effect" is occurring beyond a certain pressure limit. PMID- 6979150 TI - Pathogenesis of aplastic anemia in childhood. Immunological aspects in the pathogenesis. PMID- 6979151 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a clinico-pathologic study using a new histopathological classification. PMID- 6979152 TI - Clinical pathology of adult T cell leukemia. PMID- 6979149 TI - [Fiberendoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices: results in 31 cases]. AB - In a 32 months period, 31 patients having esophageal varices, 29 of which were with an acute episode of digestive hemorrhage coming from those varices, had undergone fiberendoscopic sclerotherapy. The hemorrhage stopped in 24 patients (82,7%), 17 (58,6%) of which are over one year without bleeding. Complications were minimal, not having major complication imputable to the method. Global mortality was from 8 patients (25,8%) being in 5 (16,3%) attributable to a varicose returning, and in the rest, to other causes. The authors believe that fiberendoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices is an interesting alternative for the treatment of the bleeding episodes provoked by those varices, because of the high mortality of the surgery in the same eventuality. PMID- 6979153 TI - Clinical, hematological and pathological features of T-cell leukemia-lymphoma in the Nagasaki district. PMID- 6979154 TI - Clinical features of adult T-cell leukemia in Kagoshima, the southernmost district in Japan - comparison with T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6979155 TI - [Exercise tolerance for indicating of aortocoronary bypass surgery (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate effects of aortocoronary bypass grafting on exercise tolerance, we analyzed the data of 109 patients who performed exercise tests before and one month or one year after surgery. Subgroups of patients were formed on the basis of preoperative exercise tolerance. Previously severely impaired patients benefited from surgery by an improvement of exercise capacity, whether preoperative left ventricular enddiastolic pressure at rest exceeded 16 mm Hg and left ventricular ejection fraction was below 50% or not. On the other hand, exercise capacity of patients who were comparable in respect to the numbers of coronary lesions and bypass grafts but whose exercise tolerance was less impaired preoperatively did not improve after surgery. Because in such patients, independent of coronary anatomy, surgery has been reported to be ineffective for prolongation of life, indication for aortocoronary bypass grafting in the presence of "good" exercise capacity must be questioned for symptomatic as well as for prognostic reasons. PMID- 6979157 TI - Generalized varicella in severe combined immunodeficiency with B lymphocytes. AB - A six-month-old male infant, whose elder brother had died of progressive vaccinia due to combined immunodeficiency, contracted varicella-zoster infection, and died of disseminated varicella ten days after onset of the disease. As with his elder brother, the blood levels of immunoglobulins were normal, and specific varicella antibodies appeared in his serum, although in low concentrations. His T lymphocytes, although their number was subnormal, could be stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin, and production of migration inhibitory factor could also be demonstrated. The necropsy confirmed thymic dysplasia. In addition to histological changes, severe combined immunodeficiency and foci of malignant lymphoma were present. On this basis the disease was classified, according to the WHO recommendations, as severe combined immunodeficiency with B lymphocytes, complicated by malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6979156 TI - [Selective thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: evaluation of functional result by metabolic studies and perfusion imaging (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of selective thrombolysis with intra-coronary streptokinase in regard to myocardial protection are still debated. In 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction we evaluated regional metabolism with 123 radio-iodinated heptadecanoic acid and segmental 201 thallium scintigraphy in the distribution of the recanalized coronary vessel. Lysis was successful in 11/16 occlusions of LAD , 4/7 RCA- and 1/2 CX-vessels. In this group (A) the average defect size on TI scintigrams was 19 +/- 6% 24 hours after the intervention, whereas unsuccessful recanalisation (group B) resulted in a defect size of 38 +/- 7% (p less than 0.01). There was good concordance between thallium defect size and fatty acid metabolism in group B. However, in group A 6 of 11 patients showed significantly smaller fatty aid accumulation than the thallium defect size reflected. These data suggest that successful reperfusion does result in protection of myocardium in the majority of infarct patients reflected in the smaller TI infarct size. Successful reperfusion, however, does not always immediately restore metabolic dysfunction. This discrepancy will have to be analyzed by further follow-up studies of these patients. PMID- 6979159 TI - Differentiation of Haemophilus aegyptius and Haemophilus influenzae. AB - This study aimed at clarifying the relationship of Haemophilus aegyptius and Haemophilus influenzae isolated from acute conjunctivitis in Egypt. Twenty-nine freshly isolated strains selected from a large clinical material were examined for morphological and growth characteristics, biochemical properties and susceptibility to selected antibiotics. H. aegyptius strains were clearly differentiated from strains of H. influenzae by their inability to grow on tryptic soy agar containing X + V factors, by their susceptibility to trooleandomycin, by a distinct bacillary morphology, and, in part, by not fermenting xylose. The results confirm that H. aegyptius is distinct from H. influenzae and provides reproducible means of differentiating the two species. PMID- 6979161 TI - In vitro changes in cell mediated immunity following tuberculin skin testing in humans. AB - Tuberculin skin testing with purified protein derivative (PPD) was found to induce alterations of in vitro measures of cell mediated immunity. T lymphopenia with proportionate decreases of TM and TG cell numbers were observed two days after skin testing. A relative augmentation of TM cells was demonstrated after one week. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from negative skin responders had normal in vitro reactivity to PPD stimulation suggesting a cutaneous abberation in these individuals. Macrophage dependent depressed PHA reactivity of mononuclear cells was demonstrated two days after skin testing. No change in natural killer cell cytotoxicity was observed. Cytotoxicity was positively correlated to the number of TG cells in the assay. PMID- 6979158 TI - The healing of frog heart lesions induced by isoproterenol injections. AB - Isoproterenol (IPR) induces myocardial lesions in R. pipiens adapted to +25 degrees C, but not to +8 degrees C. The spontaneous healing of these lesions in the form of ventricular wall aneurysms occurs during the first three weeks after IPR, and the ultrastructure of the myocardial cells in fully restored from the fourth week after IPR. Leukocytes, adhering to the lacunar endothelium and including phagocytic vacuoles, appear 8-15 days after IPR. Severely altered heart muscle cells then contain myelin figures or a pyknotic nucleus. In the acute stage of the IPR-lesions, heart muscle preparations from the ventricular wall show a very lowered resistance towards cyanide anoxia as judged from the isometric force decay. During the seven weeks of observation after IPR the resistance to cyanide anoxia is continuously improved almost to normal values. Thus restoration of structure and function occurs in parallel. PMID- 6979160 TI - Method for isolation of gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis). Characterization of isolates by gas chromatography. AB - A method for the isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis) is presented. Bacteria isolated from 48-hour cultures grown on human blood agar were identified by means of beta-hemolysis, colony morphology, sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, oxydase and catalase reactions. Thirty-eight clinical isolates and one test strain were examined for fatty acid composition. Hexadecanoic (16:0), octadecenoic (18:1) and octadecanoic (18:0) were the major fatty acids. Also present, but in minor quantities, were myristic (14:0), hexadecenoic (16:1) and octadecadienoic (18:2) acids. Only insignificant differences between isolates could be detected. No hydroxy fatty acids commonly found in gram-negative bacteria were encountered. Gas chromatographic analysis of G. vaginalis revealed a characteristic and relatively simple pattern. The results support the use of the isolation method, which provides conditions highly selective for G. vaginalis. PMID- 6979162 TI - [Determination of MTX plasma concentration in cancer patients following administration of HD-MTX-CFR (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979163 TI - An adamantane derivative (N-N'(1-adamantil)-ethylene diamine dibromide) induced automaticity in the ventricular myocardium of the frog. AB - The effect of an adamantane derivative (N-N'(1-adamantil)-ethylene diamine dibromid; AED) on the transmembrane potentials and contractile activity of isolated electrically driven frog ventricular strips were studied. The effect of AED on the 42K efflux in ventricular muscle rings was also investigated. AED at a concentration of 10(-3) M markedly reduced the rate of depolarization and prolonged the duration of action potential. The resting potential was shifted to less negative potential ranges and pacemaker-like action potentials appeared within 10 minutes of exposure to drug. AED was found to exert an enhancing effect on the contractile force of the frog ventricular muscle. The slow Ca2+-channel blocked D-600 was able to abolish completely the AED-induced automaticity, while the beta-adrenoceptor blocker pindolol failed to prevent this action. The pacemaker activity was reduced by increasing external K+ concentration. AED markedly reduced the 42K efflux in ventricular muscle rings. In conclusion, the AED was shown to be able to induce automaticity by decreasing the outward movement of potassium ions and by depolarizing the cell membrane. PMID- 6979164 TI - Genetics of autoantibodies in relation to disease. An epidemiological study of two population series. AB - Familial occurrence of three types of autoantibodies, viz. rheumatoid factors, antinuclear antibodies and thyroid autoantibodies, was investigated in two population series: twins from the Finnish Twin Registry representing the adult twin population living in an urban area (76 monozygotic and 82 dizygotic same-sex twin pairs) and siblings from a middle-aged rural population subject to an ongoing epidemiological study (311 sibling groups comprising 801 subjects and 584 married couples). The observations were compatible with the concept of two components in the above autoantibody system. The major component is determined predominantly by environmental factors and is manifested with increasing age. The autoantibodies belonging to the minor, familial component occur in somewhat higher titers, exhibit certain specificity features of their own (RF reacting with rabbit gamma globulin), and are associated with "autoimmune" diseases. PMID- 6979165 TI - Diclofensine (Ro 8-4650)--a potent inhibitor of monoamine uptake: biochemical and behavioural effects in comparison with nomifensine. PMID- 6979166 TI - The gastric "mucus-bicarbonate" barrier: effect of luminal acid on HCO3(-) transport by amphibian fundic mucosa in vitro. PMID- 6979167 TI - Pulmonary lymphatic air: locating "pulmonary interstitial emphysema" of the premature infant. AB - Pulmonary interstitial air in the premature infant, a complication of hyaline membrane disease and respiratory supportive treatment, is usually described as representing freely dissecting air that has escaped from terminal air spaces to dissect along the bronchovascular bundles of the lung. By inflating the lung and fixing it in this state, the interstitial air is identified within the lymphatics of the interlobular septae and visceral pleura. On a radiography, this lymphatic air is seen as a pattern of fine linear lucencies involving a lobe or an entire lung. With increasing distension, oval and cystic lucencies are seen representing air in dilated septal lymphatics and lymphatics of the visceral pleura. Pneumothorax results from rupture of these collections into the pleural space. PMID- 6979168 TI - Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Conference: SUNY Upstate Medical Center. Cushing syndrome associated with mediastinal mass. PMID- 6979170 TI - Computed tomographic detection of retrocrural air. AB - The normal prevertebral space at the level of the diaphragmatic crura contains the aorta, azygos and hemiazygos veins, lymphatics, and nerves. Three patients had gas demonstrated in the retrocrural space by computed tomography (CT). In each patient this gas was shown to represent parts of normal lung insinuated in the retrocrural space. A subsequent prospective evaluation of 100 consecutive CT examinations showed the presence of retrocrural air in 3% of patients. Retrocrural air should not be confused with free retroperitoneal air or gas caused by retroperitoneal abscesses. PMID- 6979171 TI - Incidence of aortic cusp and mitral annulus calcification as determined by echocardiography: significance and interrelationship. AB - M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms of 3,254 patients without evidence of rheumatic heart disease were evaluated retrospectively for evidence of aortic cusp calcification and mitral annulus calcification. Echographic evidence of mitral annulus calcification was found in 6.3% of the patients studied. In 375 patients with echographic evidence of aortic valve calcification, the incidence of mitral annulus calcification was 30.6% and it was more than twice as common in females (44.9%) as in males (19.2%). Mitral annulus calcification in patients with aortic cusp calcification was age- and gender-dependent. It occurred in 25% of women younger than 50, 50% of women over 60, and 60%Q of women over 80 years of age. The incidence in males was 28.5% and 27% in the 70s and 80s, respectively. There was no correlation between the severity of aortic valve calcification of stenosis and the incidence of mitral annulus calcification. PMID- 6979169 TI - Nasogastric tube displacement in acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta: a postmortem study. AB - Acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta is an often fatal deceleration injury with only 15%--20% of victims surviving to receive emergency treatment. Numerous chest radiographic findings associated with this injury have been reported, but all are nonspecific. Nasogastric tube deviation to the right has been recently described in two series as a more sensitive and specific sign of aortic rupture, said to be present in 92.8% with rupture and in none with normal thoracic aortas. In this study of eight victims of fatal motor vehicle accidents with documented aortic rupture, five (62.5%) had nasogastric tube deviation to the right and three (37.5%) had deviation to the left. This supports other reported clinical experience suggesting that rightward nasogastric tube deviation in only 60%--70% sensitive for aortic rupture. Thus, absence of nasogastric tube deviation to the right does not exclude the diagnosis of aortic rupture, and decision-making regarding aortography must be based on other clinical and radiologic criteria. PMID- 6979173 TI - Computed tomography of gastric lymphoma. AB - The CT features in 12 patients with gastric lymphoma, four primary and eight secondary, were analyzed, correlated with other diagnostic studies, surgery, and pathologic features, and compared with the CT findings in 22 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. An abnormally thickened gastric wall (mean, 4.0 cm) was found in all patients with gastric lymphoma. Lymphomas of the stomach often involved more than one region of the stomach (83%). The contour of the outer gastric wall was smooth or lobulated in 42%, perigastric lymph adenopathy was common (58%), extension into adjacent organs was found in 42%, and 42% had lymphadenopathy at or below the renal pedicle. PMID- 6979172 TI - Porta hepatis: sonographic discrimination of bile ducts from arteries with pulsed Doppler with new anatomic criteria. AB - Duplex scanning of the porta hepatis was performed in 71 patients, and the identity of the common duct and hepatic artery were confirmed by characteristic pulsed Doppler signals or by tracing structures to known landmarks. In 59% of patients, the hepatic artery was as large or larger than the adjacent normal bile duct, suggesting that the two structures may occasionally be confused. Sonographic signs that help to confirm or support the differentiation of arteries from ducts include observation of intrinsic pulsations of arteries, indentation or displacement of structures by arteries, change in the caliber of bile ducts during real-time examination, and the orientation, contour, caliber, and curvature of the tubular structures of the porta hepatis. Simultaneous identification of the hepatic artery and extrahepatic bile duct using pulsed Doppler or these newly described anatomic criteria improves the diagnostic accuracy of sonography of the porta hepatis. PMID- 6979175 TI - Fetal biparietal diameter: rational choice of plane of section for sonographic measurement. AB - In this sonographic study of 100 fetuses (gestational age 15--40 weeks) the maximum transverse diameter of the fetal skull at the axial plane described by Campbell for measurement of the frontooccipital head circumference was compared to similar measurements at specific anatomic planes above and below this level. Transverse diameter measurements at the head circumference level averaged 3 mm (range, 0--9 mm) more than at the level of the superolateral margins of the bodies of the lateral ventricles (where the midline echo is continuous), and 4 mm (range, 0--10 mm) more than at the level of the cerebral peduncles. The head circumference plane is the most appropriate level for measurement of the fetal bipariental diameter (BPD) because (1) the transverse diameter is maximal, (2) unlike the conventional BPD image, this section contains specific anatomic landmarks which should make the BPD measurements technically easier and more reproducible, and (3) stimultaneous measurements of the BPD, frontooccipital head circumference, occipitofrontal diameter, and cephalic index can be obtained. PMID- 6979174 TI - Gastroesophageal deformities of left ventricular-abdominal aortic conduit. AB - Left ventricular apical-abdominal aortic valved conduit has been a successful procedure for relief of severe left ventricular outlet obstruction. Postoperatively, unusual deformities of the gastric fundus and cardia may be seen on the upper gastrointestinal series and should not be mistaken for pathologic mass lesions. Three deformities are characteristic: anterior impression on the gastric fundus, medial impression on the gastric fundus, and narrowing of the distal esophagus. Occasional gastrointestinal complications including dysphagia and gastric erosion may occur. PMID- 6979176 TI - Fetal femur length as a predictor of menstrual age: sonographically measured. AB - The relation between fetal femur length and menstrual age was determined by cross sectional analysis of 338 normal fetuses (12--40 weeks) using real-time sonography. Mathematical modeling of the data demonstrated that the femur growth curve is nonlinear, similar to the biparietal diameter growth curve. Predicted femur length values at various points in gestation were comparable to the results of other investigators. Predicted menstrual age values in weeks for specific femur length measurements in millimeters were calculated and are reported in tabular form. The variability (+/- 2 SD) associated with predicting menstrual age from femur length is +/- 9.5 days between 12--23 weeks, but between 23--40 weeks the variability is +/- 22 days. Fetal femur length can be used as an adjunct in estimating menstrual age, and as a screening device for diseases that affect fetal limb growth (e.g., dwarfism, osteogenesis imperfecta). PMID- 6979177 TI - Falx and interhemispheric fissure on axial CT: I. Normal anatomy. AB - To determine the normal appearance of the flax and interhemispheric fissure, 200 consecutive normal CT scans were evaluated prospectively. On unenhanced scans, the normal falx is visualized in 90% of patients and therefore interhemispheric hyperdensity alone should not be considered a sign of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The flax is most often (88%) visualized in the posterior part of the interhemispheric fissure, as a hyperdense, pencil-thin line extending from the calvarium to the splenium of the corpus callosum. In the anterior part of the fissure, the falx is visualized in only 38% of patients, when its appearance differs significantly from that of the fissure. It is seen as a thin, hyperdense line extending posteriorly from the calvarium for a variable distance, but it never reaches the genu of the corpus callosum. The interhemispheric fissure is a hypodense structure broader than the falx with a zigzag configuration due to medial frontal sulci. The difference in configuration between the anterior part of the fissure and the anterior falx is very helpful in differentiating subarachnoid hemorrhage from normal falx visualization. PMID- 6979182 TI - Barium sulfate suspensions: an evaluation of available products. AB - Commercially available barium sulfate suspensions were evaluated for suspension stability and coating characteristics important to the most commonly performed gastrointestinal examinations. Products tested included powders supplied in bulk, unit dose powders, and factory-prepared liquids. Results indicated considerable differences in suspension stability and coating properties among the products tested. Results also suggest that no single barium suspension currently available is likely to provide optimum performance during all of the more frequently performed studies. PMID- 6979178 TI - Dynamic CT scanning for visualization of the parasellar carotid arteries. AB - Evaluation of patients before transsphenoidal hypophysectomy for large intrasellar mass lesions has required bilateral internal carotid artery angiography. Using intravenous injection of contrast medium, a method has been developed to visualize the parasellar carotid arteries with rapid sequence sequential computed tomographic scanning. In 18 patients, the cavernous segments of the internal carotid arteries were well seen in 27 of 28 instances with technically complete examinations. The vascularity of the mass lesions and vascular encasement was also demonstrated. PMID- 6979179 TI - Evidence of breast cancer mortality reduction: aggressive screening in women under age 50. AB - Five year follow-up data for breast cancer screening of 10,531 self-selected women are presented. The data are compared with the Health Insurance Plan of New York population and it appears that the magnitude of the mortality reduction in these two populations is similar. However, contrary to the New York findings, the data demonstrate that the benefit to screening this population was maximal in women under age 50. No breast cancer deaths have been recorded in 5 years of follow-up in this younger population (6,030 individuals). Interpretation of the data is that aggressive screening for breast cancer can favorably alter breast cancer mortality, particularly in younger women. PMID- 6979180 TI - Sonography of Nabothian cysts. AB - Retention cysts of the cervix (nabothian cysts) are common gynecologic findings that have not been previously reported in the sonographic literature. Experience with 25 cases is presented. Cyst size varied from 6 to 20 mm. Most cysts (14/25) were multiple and most (17/25) were eccentric in relation to the cervical canal. Cysts within 1 cm of the external os were classified as "low" (10/25); those cranial to this level were "high" (15/25). Six patients had both high and low cysts. Many of the cysts (9/25) caused enlargement of the cervix. Representative cases are presented with a discussion of the pathogenesis of nabothian cysts and their clinical significance. PMID- 6979183 TI - Diagnostic oncology case study. PMID- 6979185 TI - Delayed rupture of renal pseudoaneurysm: complication of percutaneous nephrostomy. PMID- 6979181 TI - Dorsal diverticulum of the distal male urethra. AB - The lacuna magna is a congenital diverticulum embryologically arising from the dorsal aspect of the fossa navicularis. During a 1 year period, lacuna magna was diagnosed in five boys. Another 57 voiding cystourethrograms obtained in boys were reviewed retrospectively. Lacuna magna is demonstrable on properly performed voiding cystourethrography, but can be mimicked by pseudolesions created by improper radiographic technique. Clinical information, urographic evaluation, and methods of treatment are discussed. PMID- 6979186 TI - Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 6979187 TI - Retroperitoneal pulmonary sequestration: computed tomographic findings. PMID- 6979188 TI - Combined CT-arthrography in recurrent traumatic hip dislocation. PMID- 6979184 TI - Detection of pulmonary embolism in man with 111In-labeled autologous platelets. PMID- 6979189 TI - Spontaneous rupture of hepatic and splenic angiosarcoma demonstrated by CT. PMID- 6979190 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of afferent loop obstruction. PMID- 6979191 TI - Retrieval of a broken Dormia basket. PMID- 6979192 TI - Stabilization of percutaneous catheters. PMID- 6979193 TI - Use of crossed-limb loop anchor for percutaneous biliary bypass. PMID- 6979195 TI - Radiology: focus of the medical curriculum? PMID- 6979194 TI - Evaluating imaging methods. PMID- 6979196 TI - The stresses of training: a resident's perception. PMID- 6979197 TI - Reducing the false positives in radiographic interpretation. PMID- 6979198 TI - Traction for radiography of the lower cervical spine. PMID- 6979199 TI - The knotted Swan-Ganz catheter: a safer solution. PMID- 6979200 TI - Clinical utility of CT in pediatric retroperitoneal disease: 5 years experience. AB - The utility of computed tomography (CT) in evaluation of the retroperitoneum was assessed in 54 pediatric patients and compared with that of conventional radiography. In 20 patients (group 1) with an abnormality on conventional radiographs, CT improved diagnostic understanding in 17 and affected management in four patients. In 31 patients (group 2) with clinical suspicion of a mass but normal abdominal radiographs, CT contributed diagnostic information in seven and had a beneficial effect on therapy in five patients. CT contributed diagnostic information in three other patients evaluated for trauma (group 3). CT was most useful in defining the extent of a lesion in group 1 and in demonstrating absence of a suspected mass in group 2. PMID- 6979201 TI - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis shown by oral metrizamide (Amipaque). PMID- 6979202 TI - Sonographic localization of neonatal umbilical catheters. PMID- 6979203 TI - Real-time sonographic detection of vesicoureteral reflux in children. AB - Real-time sonography and the principle of contrast sonography were used for evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux in children. Fifty-five kidneys were examined during the filling phase of cystourethrography. Of 15 positive cystograms, with grade II or greater reflux, 13 sonograms were positive. A positive sonogram was defined as visualization of moving microbubbles within the renal collecting system and/or dilatation of the collecting system during the course of bladder filling. This method may prove to be of value in the management of children with vesicoureteral reflux, particularly because sonography provides good visualization of renal size and parenchymal scarring while simultaneously demonstrating reflux. PMID- 6979204 TI - Radiographic anatomy of the interlobar fissures: a study of 100 specimens. AB - A review of the anatomy of the interlobar fissures is based on a detailed study of 100 fixed and inflated lung specimens (50 right and 50 left lungs). The upper part of the fissural surface of the right lower lobe almost always faces in a slightly lateral direction and is usually concave; the lower part typically faces laterally but is usually convex. The upper part of the left major fissure also almost always faces laterally and is concave; but unlike the right side, the lower part usually faces medially and is convex. The minor fissure is typically oriented so that the anterior part is lower than the posterior part and the lateral margin is lower than the medial margin. Incompleteness of the fissures (fusion between lobes) is common; this study revealed a 70% incidence of fusion across the upper right major fissure, 47% across the lower right major fissure, 40% across the upper left major fissure, 46% across the lower left major fissure, and 94% across the minor fissure. The fissural complex is a term used to describe the variable anatomic relation of the major and minor fissures. Some comments are offered concerning fissural anatomy relative to collateral air drift, the visualization and position of interlobar fissures on chest radiographs, and the appearance of inferior interlobar fluid on the lateral radiograph. PMID- 6979205 TI - Potential spaces of the mediastinum: CT pneumomediastinography. PMID- 6979206 TI - CT of the opacified biliary tract: use of calcium ipodate. PMID- 6979207 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction: barium and CT examination. AB - Seventy-seven patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction were evaluated with upper gastrointestinal barium studies (single-contrast, 40: double contrast, 37) and 21 of these had preoperative computed tomography for staging. Single- and double-contrast studies were equally sensitive in detecting exophytic tumors, but double-contrast studies were slightly more sensitive (25 of 26) than single-contrast examinations (21 of 25) in detecting infiltrating tumors. Computed tomography accurately staged 18 (86%) of 21 cases (16 unresectable, two resectable). The most reliable computed tomographic findings of tumor unresectability were metastases (liver, adrenal) and local tumor extension, both found in 10 (48%) of 21 cases, and regional adenopathy, present in eight (38%) of 21 cases. The presence or absence of the periesophageal soft-tissue planes was an unreliable finding and led to both false-positive (two cases) and false-negative (four cases) diagnoses. CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy was used successfully in four cases to obtain a cytologic diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6979208 TI - CT appearance of afferent loop obstruction. AB - Obstruction of the afferent loop may develop in patients who have had a Billroth type II gastrojejunostomy. This obstructed loop has a characteristic but initially confusing computed tomographic appearance that might be mistaken for multiple peripancreatic cystic masses. Three cases of afferent loop obstruction due to gastric carcinoma are reported. In each case, the length of the jejunal segment incorporated into the afferent loop determined the number of cystic masses evident at each scan level. Recognition of the typical anatomic configuration and uniform size of these cystic masses is key to the correct diagnosis. PMID- 6979209 TI - Amebic colitis: correlation of proctoscopy before treatment and barium enema after treatment. AB - Twenty-seven patients with severe acute amebic dysentery were studied at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Hospital in Dacca, Bangladesh. Patients were divided into two groups according to their pretreatment proctoscopic mucosal pattern. Those with mild lobular patterns (five patients) had a milder illness; posttreatment air-contrast barium enema examinations were normal except for subtle mucosal abnormalities in two (40%). In contrast, patients with necrotic ulceration proctoscopic patterns (22 patients) had a more severe illness; 19 (86%) had ulcerations, haustral abnormalities, and/or strictures demonstrated on posttreatment barium enema examinations. Persistent strictures were found in eight of 10 patients with necrotic ulceration patterns who had sequential barium enema examinations up to 9 months after treatment. These observations indicate that despite successful therapy with metronidazole, there is a high incidence of persisting colonic abnormalities in patients with the necrotic ulceration pattern. Since proctoscopy has a useful predictive value, it should be performed in all patients with severe amebic dysentery. PMID- 6979210 TI - CT of calcified renal masses. AB - The ability to evaluate the composition and to precisely locate calcifications within renal masses resulted in more accurate evaluation of 21 calcified renal masses by computed tomography than by standard radiographic techniques. Of 11 solid tumors, computed tomography demonstrated a soft-tissue mass extending beyond the calcification in nine cases of renal cell carcinoma. Of 10 benign cystic lesions, all six lesions characterized by a uniform water-density center, calcification confined to the wall, and no detectable soft-tissue mass were benign cysts. Three additional cystic lesions (xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, multilocular cystic nephroma, and a cyst containing calcified debris) were believed to represent benign lesions prospectively due to the absence of a soft-tissue mass. Only peripherally calcified lesions with a central attenuation higher than accepted for benign cysts were indeterminate by computed tomography. The significance of the computed tomographic findings in terms of malignant potential and patient management is discussed. PMID- 6979211 TI - CT of renal and perirenal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. AB - The CT findings from a retrospective review of 16 patients (32 kidneys) with non Hodgkin lymphoma involving the kidney are presented. In all cases, computed tomography (CT) accurately depicted the presence, location, and size of the renal lesions and provided information about the adjacent retroperitoneum. CT was helpful in evaluating the course of the disease and its response to therapy. The CT manifestations of renal lymphoma included: solitary nodules (four kidneys), multiple nodules (nine), focal infiltration (five), diffuse infiltration (two), engulfment of the kidney by contiguous retroperitoneal disease (three), and renal enlargement (13 kidneys). Bilateral renal involvement was noted in seven patients. All 16 patients had retroperitoneal adenopathy. The CT findings of intraparenchymal renal nodules, renal infiltration, or renal engulfment by retroperitoneal disease in association with retroperitoneal adenopathy should suggest the possible diagnosis of renal lymphoma. PMID- 6979212 TI - Computed tomography of ureteral obstruction. AB - Although hydronephrosis can usually be diagnosed by urography and/or pyelography, the etiology of the obstruction may not be apparent. Computed tomography (CT) is usually helpful in evaluation of these cases. In 36 cases in which CT was performed solely to determine the cause of ureteral obstruction of uncertain etiology, it proved to be of value in 33 instances (91.7%). The disease processes encountered in this series included metastatic carcinoma to the ureter or periureteral tissues(22), lymphoma (one), primary ureteral tumor (two), radiolucent ureteral stone (four), adjacent ileocolitis (two), aortic or iliac artery aneurysm (two), fibrous band(one), urinoma (one), and radiation fibrosis (one). In three cases (8.3%) an etiologic diagnosis could not be made by CT. These patients had radiation therapy to treat malignant disease, and recurrent tumor responsible for ureteral obstruction could not be distinguished from radiation fibrosis. PMID- 6979213 TI - Herniation pit of the femoral neck. AB - A round to oval radiolucency surrounded by a thin zone of sclerosis is often identified in the proximal superior quadrant of adult femoral necks. Although usually recognized as incidental and benign, these radiolucencies may be of clinical concern in patients with hip symptoms. The true nature and genesis of these radiolucencies have not been explained. This article relates these radiolucencies to common acquired degenerative changes developing on the surface of the femoral neck in adults (the reaction area) and shows that the radiolucency represents a subcortical pit or cavity formed by herniation of soft tissue contents through defects in the surface of the reaction area. The formation of this pit and its relation to the commonly seen femoral neck radiolucency has not been previously described. The name "herniation pit" is suggested for these lesions. PMID- 6979215 TI - Percutaneous cholecystostomy. AB - Percutaneous cholecystostomy was performed in 13 patients; five patients had suspected acute cholecystitis and eight patients had suspected obstruction of the common bile duct. An anterior abdominal wall approach was used in nine patients, right anterior axillary line puncture in four. One patient developed peritonitis and fatal septic shock after inadvertent cholecystostomy catheter removal. None of the other patients became septic, developed peritonitis, or had any other complication related to cholecystostomy. Two of the patients had external drainage as outpatients for more than 6 months without complication. Technical and clinical points are reviewed. PMID- 6979214 TI - Triangular cervical vertebral body fractures: diagnostic significance. AB - A common feature of many fractures of the cervical spine is a triangular fragment broken from some part of the vertebral body. The radiographs of 109 patients with cervical spine fractures having a triangular vertebral body fragment were reviewed. Thirteen patients had two triangular fragments, a total of 122 triangular fragments. Eighty-eight (72%) fractures involved the anterior-inferior corner of the vertebral body. Other triangular fractures occurred in anterior superior (16%), posterior-inferior (11%), and posterior-superior (1%) corners. The position and origin of these fragments are related to the mechanism of fracture. Complete radiographic assessment including tomography and CT revealed that these triangular corner fractures had other associated injuries of the body and of the posterior elements, characteristic of each particular form of triangular fragment. A knowledge of these patterns of injury guides the radiographic evaluation when a triangular fracture is identified on the initial lateral radiograph. A systematic approach to the evaluation of cervical spine fractures based on these triangular fragments is suggested. PMID- 6979216 TI - Absolute ethanol in thrombotherapy of bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 6979217 TI - Narrow gauge needle aspiration of solid adrenal masses. AB - Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of solid adrenal masses was performed without complication in 14 patients. CT guidance of 20-22 gauge needles was used in all but one of the biopsies. Diagnostic cytologic material was recovered in 13 (93%) of the 14 cases. The diagnoses were primary and metastatic neoplasms (10 cases), benign adenomas (two cases), and a mycotic abscess. Twelve additional aspirations were performed of surgically resected or autopsy specimens in six normal adrenals, one adenoma, three adrenal cortical carcinomas, a pheochromocytoma, and a sarcoma arising in the adrenal stoma. Percutaneous aspiration of solid adrenal masses is recommended as a safe, reliable alternative to open surgical biopsy for both benign and malignant adrenal disease. PMID- 6979218 TI - Inconsistent venous opacification: a pitfall of epidural venography. AB - The lumbar epidural venograms of 45 consecutive patients with prior normal or equivocal myelographic examinations were reviewed. Each venographic injection was performed using transfemoral double-catheter technique, abdominal compression, Valsalva maneuver, and serial filming for 12 sec. There was a 30% incidence of false "occlusions" of epidural veins suggestive of compression by a herniated intervertebral disk. These false venous occlusions were demonstrated to be such by both subsequent opacification of previously nonopacified veins and lack of opacification of previously opacified veins during repeat venography. In view of the significant incidence of spurious venous occlusions in this series, It is recommended that epidural venography with single injection should be interpreted with caution except for normal studies. PMID- 6979219 TI - Intravenous serial xerographic carotid arteriography. PMID- 6979221 TI - Transdiaphragmatic bronchopulmonary foregut anomaly: "Dumbell" bronchogenic cyst. PMID- 6979220 TI - Bilateral left lungs: unusual variation of hilar anatomy. PMID- 6979222 TI - Gastric duplication associated with pulmonary sequestration: CT manifestations. PMID- 6979225 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of omphalocele in utero. PMID- 6979224 TI - Sonography of hepatic chloromas. PMID- 6979223 TI - Mycotic pulmonary artery aneurysm: complication of Aspergillus endocarditis. PMID- 6979226 TI - Abdominal mass in a patient with previous colon cancer. PMID- 6979227 TI - The radial head, capitellum view: useful technique in elbow trauma. PMID- 6979228 TI - Visualizing the anterior cruciate ligament. PMID- 6979230 TI - Biochemical and physiologic phenomena: relevance to new forms of radiologic imaging and functional mapping. PMID- 6979229 TI - New devices for biliary drainage and biopsy. PMID- 6979231 TI - Foot vein injection: its use in the CT diagnosis of IVC thrombus. PMID- 6979232 TI - Ureteral dilatation in children. PMID- 6979234 TI - Early and late results of combined endarterectomy and coronary bypass grafting for diffuse coronary disease. AB - Between October 1969 and December 1979, a total of 440 patients who had diffuse coronary artery disease were treated with combined endarterectomy and coronary bypass grafting. This constitutes 42 percent of all patients operated on at the same institution during this period. Six hundred eight endarterectomies were performed, 329 on the right coronary artery, 227 on the left anterior descending coronary artery and 52 on the left circumflex coronary artery. The early mortality rate was 4.3 percent and the late mortality rate 9 percent during a mean follow-up period of 47 months. The perioperative infarction rate was 15 percent. Ninety-five percent of survivors were asymptomatic or in improved condition. Only 11 patients were lost to follow-up study. Three hundred fourteen patients (71 percent) were reinvestigated with coronary and graft arteriography 1 month to 8 years postoperatively. The early patency rate of grafts to the endarterectomized vessels was 85 percent and the late patency rate (1 year or more) was 77 percent. The runoff was good in 79 percent, fair in 14 percent and poor in 7 percent of grafts. Endarterectomy is a valuable additional procedure in the management of patients with diffuse coronary artery disease. PMID- 6979233 TI - Fleischner Lecture. Metabolic functions of the lung and their clinical relevance. PMID- 6979235 TI - Decrease in systolic blood pressure during exercise testing: reproducibility, response to coronary bypass surgery and prognostic significance. AB - To investigate the reproducibility and prognostic significance of an exercise induced decrease in systolic blood pressure, 47 patients were identified who manifested such a reduction below the pre-exercise standing level in a consecutive series of 436 patients who underwent treadmill exercise testing and cardiac catheterization during a 3 year period. The prevalence of this abnormal finding was 11 percent in the total group but 21 percent in the 124 patients with three vessel or left main coronary artery disease. Patients with an exercise induced reduction in systolic blood pressure were more likely to be male, have typical angina pectoris with class III or IV functional limitation and to have had a prior myocardial infarction than were patients without this finding (p less than 0.05). Although no complications occurred during the exercise test of these 47 patients, the majority had severe ischemic responses and 14 (30 percent) showed complex repetitive ventricular arrhythmias. Of the 47 patients, 24 (group 1a) received medical treatment and 23 (group 1b) underwent coronary bypass surgery. On repeat exercise testing in 42 patients, a decrease in systolic blood pressure during exercise was consistently present in group 1a (17 of 20) but entirely absent (0 of 22) in group 1b (p less than 0.001). The mean treadmill time, peak heart rate and systolic blood pressure were not significantly different in the initial and on repeat exercise tests in patients in group 1a; however, in patients in group 1b, all of these variables were significantly higher in the repeat test (p less than 0.001). At a mean follow-up time of 37 months, the total cardiac mortality rate was 8 percent (2 of 24) in group 1a and 4 percent (1 of 23) in group 1b. It is concluded that a decrease in systolic blood pressure during exercise testing is highly reproducible and appears to be reversed by coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6979236 TI - Prognosis of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease. AB - One hundred forty-seven asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease, who did not have significant left main coronary occlusion and had an ejection fraction greater than 20 percent, were followed up prospectively for 6 to 67 months (average 25). Significant obstruction of one coronary artery was present in 28 percent of patients, of two coronary arteries in 31 percent and of three coronary arteries in 41 percent. Ejection fraction was 55 percent or greater in 69 percent of patients. During the follow-up there were eight deaths (annual mortality rate 3 percent for the entire group, 1.5 percent for patients with single and double vessel disease but 6 percent for those with triple vessel disease). Better definition of high and low risk subgroups of patients with three vessel disease was accomplished with exercise testing. Despite a history of mild symptoms, 25 percent of the patients with triple vessel disease exhibited poor exercise capacity on exercise testing after administration of beta adrenoceptor blocking agents and nitrates was discontinued; of these, 40 percent either died (20 percent) or had progressive symptoms requiring operation (20 percent) (annual mortality rate 9 percent). Of the patients with good exercise capacity, only 22 percent either died (7 percent) or had progressive symptoms (15 percent) (annual mortality rate 4 percent). Thus, prognosis is excellent in patients with no or mild symptoms who have one or two vessel coronary disease. Patients with three vessel disease who have good exercise capacity documented by objective testing have an annual mortality rate of 4 percent. However, because patients with three vessel disease and poor exercise capacity have an extremely grave prognosis, it would appear reasonable to recommend coronary bypass surgery for this subgroup, even in the absence of supporting data derived from a definitive randomized study. PMID- 6979237 TI - Epidemiological studies in the elderly: methodological considerations. PMID- 6979239 TI - Prolymphocytic leukemia of helper cell phenotype: report of a case and review of the scientific literature. AB - A case of prolymphocytic leukemia was studied by using light and electron microscopy, cytochemistry and multiple immunological markers for T and B lymphocytes. Cytochemical and immunological studies showed that the cells were T lymphocytes. By using monoclonal antibodies to human T-cell subsets, we found that these cells had the T-helper cell phenotype. The usefulness of multiparameter studies in subclassifying T-cell malignancies is discussed and the literature on T-prolymphocytic leukemia reviewed. PMID- 6979240 TI - Lack of lactobezoars in infants given predominantly whey protein formulas. AB - Lactobezoars have been reported with increasing frequency in low-birth-weight infants. The etiology of a lactobezoar is not well understood and is probably multifactorial. During a 2 1/2-year period, 29 of 442 infants weighing less than 2,000 g who were fed casein-predominant formulas had lactobezoars. During the subsequent 14-month period, 223 infants weighing less than 2,000 g were fed a whey-predominant formula, and none had lactobazoars. There have been no reports of lactobezoars in infants fed human milk or whey-predominant formulas. It would appear that the presence of casein as the predominant protein is necessary for the development of a lactobezoar. PMID- 6979241 TI - Neonatal Haemophilus influenzae type C sepsis. PMID- 6979238 TI - High-dose methotrexate and adriamycin in osteogenic sarcoma: the children's hospital of Philadelphia study. AB - From 1975 through 1979, 25 patients with osteosarcoma received therapy with vincristine, high-dose methotrexate, citrovorum factor, and Adriamycin. Five patients had metastases prior to receiving chemotherapy, and 11 of the remaining 20 nonmetastatic patients received preoperative or preirradiation chemotherapy. Chemotherapy caused objective tumor regression in 1 of 5 patients with metastases and 1 of 11 with measurable primaries. All five patients with metastatic disease died 7-16 months from diagnosis. Of the 20 nonmetastatic patients, 4 did not have primary amputations: all died. Of 16 patients with primary amputations, 6 are alive relapse-free 24-86 months from diagnosis, and 10 are dead. The actuarial survival of 36% is not statistically different from that of historical control groups or from that of concurrent control groups treated with surgery alone. However, because most adjuvant chemotherapy studies have involved few patients, 36% survival is not statistically different from the 50-70+% survival reported in previous studies. Our data fail to demonstrate that the adjuvant chemotherapy has improved the survival rate of children with osteosarcoma. We support a randomized, controlled comparison of adjuvant chemotherapy and aggressive surgical resection. PMID- 6979242 TI - Upper esophageal varices: report of three cases and review of the literature. AB - Cervical esophageal varices occur rarely. Although cases of primary upper esophageal varices have been reported, the most frequent underlying etiology is superior vena cava obstruction. Usually asymptomatic, cervical esophageal varices may occasionally be responsible for significant gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Twenty-five cases of upper esophageal varices have been described in the literature to date. Three additional cases are presented and the previous literature is reviewed. Potential collateral pathways in the presence of superior vena cava obstruction are discussed. PMID- 6979243 TI - Prevalence of antibody to serogroups 1-4 of Legionella pneumophila: a seroepidemiologic study using the indirect hemagglutination test. AB - An indirect hemagglutination test was used to determine the prevalence of antibody to serogroups 1-4 of Legionella pneumophila in sera from 1200 apparently healthy Michigan residents. Serogroup 1 was the most prevalent; 71 (11.8%) of 600 sera collected during the winter months (January-April, 1980) and 131 (21.8%) of 600 sera collected during the summer period (July-September, 1980) had serogroup 1 titers. This seasonal difference was independent of sex and was statistically significant in four of six age groups studied. A trend toward decreasing prevalence in the 50-59 years and 60 years or older age groups was noted in the winter sample and was statistically significant in the summer study. Prevalence of antibody to serogroups 2, 3, and 4 was significantly lower, and was associated with serogroup 1 reactivity. PMID- 6979244 TI - Temporal trends in breast cancer. AB - Time-depth breast cancer mortality data from the United States, England and Wales, Canada, and Japan, and breast cancer incidence data from Connecticut, Denmark, and Osaka, Japan, were analyzed. The temporal trends in mortality have been similar in the populations examined. Risks for individual cohorts decreased until about the cohort of 1900, when they began to increase. This pattern can account for the observed increases in the rates at perimenopausal ages (40-55 years). Although the magnitudes of mortality rates in Japan are about one fifth those in the West, they have been changing over time in much the same way as in the West. Cohort effects in incidence in Connecticut and Denmark also dipped around 1900. In Osaka, cohort effects rose from the cohort of 1901 to the cohort of 1936. PMID- 6979245 TI - Phenotypic heterogeneity of human T-cell malignancies: demonstration by monoclonal antibodies and cytochemical markers. AB - The present study sought to delineate the phenotypic heterogeneity of the human T cell malignancies. Twenty T-cell neoplasms were investigated for reactivity with the OKT hybridoma monoclonal antibodies and expression of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), beta-glucuronidase (BG), and acid phosphatase (AP) activity. Twelve cases (Mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia) were OKT3'T4', ie, expressed the phenotype commonly associated with mature T-helper cells. These cases were further divisible into ANAE+BG+ (6 cases), ANAE-BG+ (5 cases), and ANAE-BG- (1 case) phenotypes. In contrast to the 12 OKT3+T4+ cases, the remaining 8 cases showed considerable inter- and intratumor heterogeneity with respect to reactivity with the OKT antibodies. Six of these cases (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoblastic lymphoma) expressed phenotypes consistent with various intrathymic stages of T-cell differentiation. Five of the latter 6 cases were AP+BG+ANAE-, analogous to the majority of normal cortical thymocytes; an OKT3+T4 T8+T10+ neoplasm was ANAE+, analogous to normal medullary thymocytes. Two cases expressed the previously undescribed OKT3+T4-T8-T10+ phenotype. These studies demonstrate that the T-cell malignancies are divisible into phenotypes which correspond to normal maturational stages of T-cell differentiation and functionally distinct T-cell subsets. Phenotypic analysis of the human T-cell malignancies may provide a basis for understanding their biological heterogeneity and may aid in the identification of transitional stages of T-cell differentiation and minor T-cell subsets. PMID- 6979246 TI - Surface antigenic phenotypes of human T-cell leukemia corresponding to those of post-thymic T cells. AB - Leukemic cells from eight adult patients with various types of T-cell leukemias, including one patient with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (T-LSL), two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL), and five patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), were analyzed for their surface antigenic phenotypes with a series of monoclonal antibodies directing to human T-cell differentiation antigens. All of the leukemic T cells studied were regarded as being of post thymic T-cell origin because of their ability to form rosettes with sheep red cells under the condition at 4 degrees C but not 37 degrees C as well as the expression of human Ly-1-like but not TL-like antigen on their cell surfaces. By using monoclonal antibodies to a variety of human of three distinct categories. Thus, one patient with T-LSL had cells with Leu-1+2a+3a+ phenotype, which might reflect possible post-thymic precursor T cells, whereas one patient with T-CLL had cells with the same phenotype (Leu-1+2a+3a-) as normal cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. The latter cells also expressed Ia antigens as defined by monoclonal antihuman Ia antibody. The remaining six cases, including one T-CLL and five ATL patients had leukemic cells with the same phenotype (Leu-1+2a-3a+) as normally found on helper/inducer T cells, despite distinct clinical and immunological features between T-CLL and ATL. Some clinical findings observed in those patients may reflect functional activities retained by their leukemic T cells. PMID- 6979247 TI - Rosette formation between chronic t-lymphocytic leukemia cells and macrophages: a facsimile of normal T-lymphocyte-macrophage cooperation. PMID- 6979248 TI - Zinc protoporphyrin, blood lead and clinical symptoms in two occupational groups with low-level exposure to lead. AB - The results of cross-sectional clinical field surveys of 45 cable manufacturing workers and 90 telephone cable splicers are presented. Despite the rare occurrence of clinically overt lead poisoning among these occupational groups, high prevalence of lead-associated central nervous system symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms was found. Hierarchical log-linear models for multidimensional contingency tables were fitted to those data and indicate that there is a partial correlation between reported symptoms and zinc protoporphyrin: individuals with high zinc protoporphyrin levels were more likely to report symptoms than those with low levels. No significant partial association was found between symptoms and blood lead. Because of the intermittent lead exposure encountered in one of the populations, individuals were identified with "normal" blood lead levels associated with "elevated" zinc protoporphyrin concentrations, thus indicating the difference in the biological significance between indicators of lead absorption (blood lead) and of biological response tests (ZPP). Suggestion is made that both types of diagnostic tests be utilized in the medical surveillance of lead-exposed workers. PMID- 6979249 TI - Airway disease in a subset of nonsmoking rheumatoid patients. Characterization of the disease and evidence for an autoimmune pathogenesis. AB - Previous investigations of airway disease in rheumatoid patients have been oriented toward establishing the prevalence of the disease, but the pathogenesis and the time course of the airflow obstruction in rheumatoid disease are still unclear. In this study, we analysed the clinical, serial pulmonary function and histopathologic data of six rheumatoid patients who had never smoked but who had airflow limitations documented repeatedly up to 10 years previously. We have attempted to characterize the site, nature and evolution of the chronic airway disease in this group of patients. Bronchiectasis was excluded in all patients by bilateral bronchography. Clinical and histopathologic evidence of the Sjorgen autoimmune exocrinopathy was documented in five of the patients, and the sixth patient had lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates of the labial glands without obstruction of the lumen or destruction. By pulmonary function tests and histopathologic examination of four open lung biopsies, the airway disease was found to be located predominantly in the peripheral airways of the lung. On each biopsy, the lesions were in different stages of activity, but on all specimens there was a definite predilection for selective bronchiolar injury. Early stage lesions were characterized by mononuclear cell infiltrates of the peribronchiolar tissue which led to deformation of airway lumen, focal mucosal extension and ulceration. Subsequently, the inflammatory reaction was replaced by fibroblastic proliferation, and in the end stage of the disease, there was complete obliteration of many bronchioles by collagenized fibroblastic tissue. From regression analyses of serial pulmonary function tests of these patients, it was concluded that (1) the airway disease in our patients who did not smoke progressed inevitably but not uniformly and (2) deterioration of pulmonary functions was more rapid in our patients than it was in the cigarette smokers who had chronic obstructive lung disease. This study also documents major dysfunctions of the chest wall mechanics which appear to contribute to the restriction of lung volumes in some rheumatoid patients. PMID- 6979253 TI - Effects of a vestibular stimulation program on stereotypic rocking behavior. AB - This study measures the effect of a vestibular stimulation program on the stereotypic rocking behavior of three severely mentally retarded persons within both experimental and natural settings. A multiple baseline design was used. Frequency and duration of stereotypic rocking behavior were measured by a partial interval time sample. Results indicated a statistically significant reduction of both frequency and duration of rocking behavior directly after receiving vestibular stimulation and 1 hour after stimulation. The rocking behavior remained reduced after 6 days without the vestibular stimulation program. It was concluded that vestibular stimulation resulted in a reduction of the stereotypic rocking behavior of these subjects. PMID- 6979251 TI - Hypofibrinogenemia as a cause of delayed postpartum hemorrhage. PMID- 6979250 TI - Fatal disseminated aspergillosis in a previously well young adult with cystic fibrosis. AB - Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are often colonized by Aspergillus species in their respiratory tract but rarely develop infection with this fungus. A young woman with CF who had mild pulmonary involvement and who was in good health developed a fulminant illness presenting as brainstem infarction and simulating thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. At necropsy she was found to have disseminated aspergillosis and a depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus independent zone of splenic follicles. This unique case may be an unusual expression of abnormal T-cell function and the paradoxical histopathologic findings may relate to the disturbance in humoral immunity in children with CF recently described by Matthews et al. PMID- 6979254 TI - The relationship of prone extension to other vestibular functions. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to examine clinical observations hypothesized to reflect vestibular integrity in children in an attempt to clinically separate otolithic from semicircular canal functioning. Based on the assumption that prone extension is an otolithic function, two experimental groups and one control group were identified; the groups had varying abilities for prone extension. Using a discriminant analysis, four variables (equilibrium sitting, equilibrium kneeling, eyes crossing the midline, and teacher's impression) were found to predict group membership. Only equilibrium sitting by itself was significantly different between groups. The variables selected by the analysis were originally hypothesized to measure semicircular canal functioning. This was thought, at least in part, to reflect insensitivity of scoring and/or lack of validity of the variables measured. Descriptively, tentative support existed for a division of static from dynamic vestibular function. Therefore, further study is indicated. PMID- 6979252 TI - A new assessment of the normal ranges of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test scores. AB - We gave the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue color vision test to 232 normal subjects between 10 and 80 years of age. One half the subjects underwent binocular testing followed by monocular testing. In the other half monocular testing preceded binocular testing. Performance was better with both eyes than with either eye alone. The worst performance occurred on monocular tests in subjects without previous experience with the task (that is, those for whom this was the first test). The well-known age trend was apparent (children and elderly have the worst color vision). New data are provided for judging the point at which the total error score may be considered pathologic. PMID- 6979255 TI - Effect of state on nystagmus duration in the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of state on nystagmus duration following administration of the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT). Twenty-four normal children, 12 first-graders and 12 fourth graders, were administered with SCPNT under three conditions: aroused, relaxed, and alert (standard instructions). Six boys and six girls in each grade participated. First-grade boys and fourth-grade girls demonstrated a statistically significant response decline in the aroused conditions, and a further decline in the relaxed condition as compared to the alert condition. Further analyses demonstrated that the first-grade boys accounted for most of the variance. Possible reasons for the results obtained are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research. PMID- 6979256 TI - Expanded normative data: Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test. AB - A comparison study was conducted in which 372 subjects, ages 3 through 10 years, were tested by using the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test. The purpose of the study was to determine the generalizability of the original normative data for the test by using a larger sample and an expanding age range of subjects. A comparison of these data from the comparison study with the original normative data showed close agreement. No significant differences in vestibular responsivity were obtained for age, sex, or interaction. Test-retest reliability was comparable to that found for the original normative group. The results of the comparison study were consistent with the original normative data and suggest that they may be applied to subjects from 3 through 10 years of age. PMID- 6979257 TI - Localization of toxic encephalopathies near lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Bipiperidyl mustard and a neurotoxic triamine are known to cause edematous and/or necrotizing lesions in particular areas of hypothalamus and dorsal medulla but not in spinal cord. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAR) causes widespread inflammatory lesions that are especially numerous in spinal cord. When the chemical toxicants were administered to rats during the acute phase of EAE, mortality was increased. This was due to a specific interaction between EAE and chemical toxicants leading to the development of necrotizing vasculitis and parenchymal necrosis near EAE lesions in spinal cord or brain. The interaction decreased as the EAE lesions healed. Another neurotoxic chemical, dipiperidinoethane, did not produce this phenomenon. These effects of EAE are probably related to damage to the vessel walls and the blood-brain barrier. The present work may increase the versatility of EAE as a model for multiple sclerosis if the EAE lesions can be enlarged progressively by repeated exposures to the toxicant. PMID- 6979258 TI - Ulcerative colitis and life-threatening hemorrhage: a case report. PMID- 6979262 TI - Multiple arterial caliber persistence resulting in hematomas and fatal rupture of the gastric wall. AB - Caliber-persistent arteries come close to inner or outer body surfaces without ramification and reduction of their caliber. This abnormality may result in a variety of pathologic consequences. Their presence in the wall of the stomach or jejunum may eventuate in lethal hemorrhage. The causative role of this anomaly has also been clarified in the development of chronic ulcers of the lower lip. The first case of multiple occurrence of caliber-persistent arteries in the stomach is reported. The lethal outcome resulted from the rupture of the gastric wall. PMID- 6979261 TI - Release of creatine kinase from frog muscle by osmotic changes. AB - The rate of creatine kinase (CK) release from isolated frog extensor longus digiti IV ("toe") muscle increased on transfer from the control Ringer solution (referred to as 1.0 T) to a hyperosmotic solution (1.0 T plus 400 mM glycerol) or to hypertonic solutions (1.5-2.5 T) prepared by addition of NaCl or sucrose to 1.0 T. On return to 1.0 T, CK release rate was further elevated, reaching peak values (14.4- and 12-fold above the basal value, respectively, with the glycerol treatment and with solution 2.5 T) within 10-15 min and declining subsequently toward base line. Although the stimulation of CK release by changes in external tonicity increased with the magnitude of the osmotic step change, there was no enhancement of release when the tonicity changes were performed gradually in 0.1 T steps at 1-min intervals. The stimulation of CK release by tonicity changes cannot be ascribed to irreversible loss of functional integrity of the surface or tubular membranes or to CK diffusion through aqueous pores. The possibility that an exocytosislike process is involved is discussed. PMID- 6979259 TI - Magnesium increases rate of onset of desensitization in frog muscle. AB - The effect of changes in extracellular and intracellular magnesium content on desensitization rate in frog (Rana pipiens) sartorius muscle was studied using measurements of input conductance of single fibers during local superperfusion of the postjunctional region with carbamylcholine chloride (0.27-2.7 mM). Two intracellular KCl-filled glass capillary microelectrodes were used for current injection and recording in fibers equilibrated in high-K+ media (33-165 mM). In low-ionic strength solutions (33 mM K), time to half-decline of conductance during desensitization to carbamylcholine (T1/2) was decreased by increasing extracellular Mg2+ concentration throughout range 0-100 mM. Equivalent effects on T1/2 were produced by increased extracellular Ca2+ in lower concentrations (0-10 mM). Increase in K+ concentration or decrease of carbamylcholine concentration resulted in increased T1/2 in both Mg2+ and Ca2+ media. Increase of intracellular Mg2+ by soaking in high-Mg2+ solutions (100 mM) or by intracellular iontophoresis caused decrease in T1/2. It is concluded that Mg2+, when introduced either in the extracellular or intracellular phase, can promote increased desensitization rate and that this action is similar to but weaker than that of calcium. PMID- 6979260 TI - Effects of 2-n-butyl-methylenedioxyindene on skeletal muscle mechanics and energetics. AB - Mechanical and energetic effects of 2-n-butyl-3-dimethylamino-5,6 methylenedioxyindene (2-butyl-MDI) were investigated in isolated frog semitendinosus muscles at 0 degrees C. Previous research on various tissues suggested that this compound functions as an intracellular Ca2+ antagonist. The effects of 2-butyl-MDI (2 X 10(-4) M) with respect to time were progressive and reversible with exposures of 30 min or less. A 30-min exposure to the agent significantly decreased twitch and tetanus force and energy liberation, increased the twitch-to-tetanus ratio, prolonged kinetics of force development, induced a stimulus frequency-dependent tetanic fatigue, and decreased contractile economy (measured as force per unit energy liberation). Energy associated with Ca2+ cycling, activation heat, was depressed by 31 +/- 4%. The significant reduction of activation heat production by 2-butyl-MDI suggests that the quantity of Ca2+ released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum upon stimulation is reduced. However, the complexity of the results summarized above suggests multiple sites and/or modes of action for the agent. PMID- 6979265 TI - Results of combined left ventricular aneurysmectomy and coronary artery bypass: 1974 to 1980. AB - Left ventricular aneurysm repair with coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 104 patients from 1974 through 1980. The patients' mean age was 57 years. Preoperatively, 48 percent were in New York Heart Association functional class III and 31 percent were in class IV. Stenosis of multiple vessels was common, as was a reduced ejection fraction (24 percent had an ejection fraction of less than 30 percent). Thrombus was present in 47 percent of resected aneurysms. Bypass grafting was performed to all graftable coronary vessels. Actuarial survival rates were 89.3 percent at 1 year, 86.1 percent at 2 years, and 74.5 percent (standard error 5.1 percent) at 5 years. One year postoperatively, 86 percent of the surviving patients were in class I, 11 percent class II, 1 percent class III, and 2 percent class IV. Patients who presented with angina alone had an excellent result, with 95 percent hospital survival. Congestive heart failure was an ominous finding, since four of five patients who developed it before discharge died in the hospital, and 38 percent of those who went into heart failure after discharge have died. PMID- 6979264 TI - Esophageal varices in Nairobi, Kenya: a study of 68 cases. AB - Sixty-eight patients with proven esophageal varices wer studied at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Of these patients, 29.4% had schistosomal portal hypertension, 22.1% cirrhosis and only 8.8% extrahepatic portal vein occlusion. One quarter of the patients had a normal liver biopsy and extrahepatic portal vein that was demonstrated to be patent. Problems relating to liver biopsy sampling resulting in underdiagnosis of specific causes of esophageal varices such as schistosomiasis are discussed. We argue that many of these patients were likely to be suffering from idiopathic portal hypertension, a condition apparently not previously recognized in Africa. Of this last group, 70.6% had suffered gastrointestinal bleeding, as had 50% of the patients with schistosomiasis. Together these two groups accounted for three-quarters of all patients who had bled. The detection of eggs of Schistosoma mansoni in stool and/or rectal snip correlated well with liver biopsy findings in both a positive and negative sense. Only 18% of patients with negative stools and snips had evidence of schistosomiasis in the liver, and positive stools or snips were found in only 14.6% of patients without schistosomal liver involvement. Of the patients in the study, 50% were of the Kamba tribe, although only 12.9% of all medical admissions to the hospital were Kamba (P less than 0.01). Luo patients were significantly more frequent within the group with schistosomiasis (P less than 0.02). Esophageal varices were attributed to tropical splenomegaly syndrome in only one patient. The implications of our results are discussed and our findings are compared with previous work from East Africa. PMID- 6979263 TI - Urinary granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in bilharziasis. AB - Studies have been done to determine the levels of human urinary granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in Egyptian patients with active bilharziasis. Colony stimulating factor levels were measured by a semi-solid tissue culture colony assay with murine bone marrow as the target cell source. The levels in urine from patients with bilharziasis (mean 118) were found to be significantly elevated above control values found in normal human urine (mean 72) derived from the same population. This is the first demonstration of an effect of parasitic infection in man on the granulocyte regulatory system, and opens the way for future studies in this area. PMID- 6979266 TI - Impact of modern diagnostic methods on the management of active rectal bleeding. Ten year experience. AB - We analyzed 178 patients admitted with a diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage from 1970 to 1979. Fifty-four percent had a subsequent or previous episode of bleeding and 78 percent required transfusions. One hundred eighteen patients had rigid sigmoidoscopy, with positive findings in 10 (8.5 percent); 98 underwent angiography, with positive findings in 41 percent; and 58 underwent colonoscopy, with positive findings in 48 percent. Comparison of these tests when the patient had active bleeding revealed the rates of positive findings for angiography and colonoscopy to be 42 and 85 percent, respectively. Sixty-five patients underwent operation and 16 eventually died, for a mortality rate of 25 percent. There was a higher percentage of deaths among patients with nondirected than in those with directed operations (32 versus 22 percent). Patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding should undergo aggressive diagnostic evaluation utilizing sigmoidoscopy, angiography, and colonoscopy to increase the number of directed operations and decrease mortality and operative morbidity. PMID- 6979267 TI - T lymphocytes mediate lymphadenopathy and autoimmunization in graft-versus host reactions and hypersensitivity to diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 6979269 TI - Ineffective transcutaneous nerve stimulation following epidural anaesthesia. AB - Thirty-five patients were delivered by electric Caesarean section under general or epidural anaesthesia. For postoperative analgesia they received narcotic analgesics as required and either transcutaneous nerve stimulation or an inactive stimulator. The patients receiving an active stimulator following general anaesthesia had significantly less pain and required significantly less postoperative analgesia than their control group. The epidural patients did not receive any additional benefit from active stimulation, but had the same amount of pain and the same analgesic requirement as patients receiving active stimulation following general anaesthesia. The possible causes for the failure of transcutaneous nerve stimulation after epidural anaesthesia and their implications are discussed. PMID- 6979268 TI - A field trial of cimetidine as the sole oral antacid in obstetric anaesthesia. AB - Cimetidine was used as the routine antacid treatment for 1323 parturients. The findings from 70 of those who needed an emergency general anaesthetic are reported. Once sufficient time had elapsed for absorption of the drug, and provided that the dosage regime was adhered to, 96% of the women studied had an intragastric pH above 2.5. Neonatal monitoring revealed no abnormalities related to the cimetidine treatment. PMID- 6979270 TI - Blood disoprofol levels in anesthetised patients. Correlation of concentrations after single or repeated doses with hypnotic activity. AB - The blood concentrations of disoprofol (Diprivan) after single intravenous doses of 1, 2 or 3 mg/kg have been examined in a subpopulation from previously reported clinical studies. The linear relationship between sleep time and dose could be explained by the linearity of the pharmacokinetics at these doses. After a single injection the awakening concentration was independent of dose, with a mean value of 1.04 micrograms/ml. No acute tolerance occurred with disoprofol. On repeated 1 mg/kg bolus injections the sleeping time rose initially but stabilised after four doses. The waking concentration was independent of the number of doses administered. The clinical findings fitted an agent with a very rapid distribution phase and a short elimination half-life. PMID- 6979271 TI - Varying electrical acupuncture stimulation intensity: effects on dental pain evoked potentials. AB - Electrical acupunctural stimulation (EAS) has repeatedly been shown in the laboratory to diminish human dental pain perception. This study compared the effects of low, medium, and high EAS levels on event-related potentials elicited by painful dental stimulation and on subjective pain report. Acupuncture was performed bilaterally at LI-4 on the hands, and each subject received all EAS levels, counterbalanced for order. Only the highest level of EAS was effective, and it reduced the pain report in addition to the amplitudes of the positive event-related potential deflections from base line at 100 and 250 msec. No dose response effect was observed for EAS levels. The outcome suggests that the analgesic effect occurs abruptly when stimulation reaches a strong level and a subnoxious pounding sensation is elicited. PMID- 6979272 TI - Comparison of hemodynamic and hormonal effects of large single-dose fentanyl anesthesia and halothane/nitrous oxide anesthesia for coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6979275 TI - Etiologic agents of pediatric otitis media. PMID- 6979277 TI - A new anodal alpha 1-antitrypsin variant associated with emphysema: Pi Bsaskatoon. AB - A new anodal alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) variant was identified in a 48-yr old woman with severe pulmonary emphysema. Isoelectric focusing produced extra bands lying between those of the Pi B and Pi C variants. The new variant was present in 2 of her 3 siblings, 5 of 11 offspring, and probably in her father, all in the heterozygous state. Mean serum alpha 1 AT concentrations and elastase inhibitory capacities were the same in variant and M offspring. The father had reported emphysema, the 2 variant siblings had documented emphysema, and 1 of 5 variant offspring had an area of focal emphysema. The Pi type M sibling and the remaining 10 offspring had no emphysema. Despite normal concentrations and activities, this new variant, which has been designated "Bsaskatoon," may be associated with the development of emphysema within this family. PMID- 6979273 TI - Bronchospasm during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6979278 TI - [Acute epiglottitis. Diagnosis and treatment in eight cases (author's transl)]. AB - A revision of acute epiglottitis is carried out with reference to eight cases recorded from 1973 to 1981. The ages of the patients varied from 12 to 35 months, with a female predominance (7:1) and a seasonal pattern occurring in winter months. Authors establish the attitude to be taken when faced to a patient clinically suspected of having acute epiglottitis, its' diagnosis and therapeutic protocol. The use of nasotracheal intubation instead of tracheostomy as the best way of obtaining a free airway in these patients at risk of sudden airway obstruction, is specially stressed. PMID- 6979276 TI - Noncomparability of longitudinally and cross-sectionally determined annual change in spirometry. AB - Annual decline in lung function determined longitudinally is often compared with predicted decline determined cross-sectionally. To test this comparison, spirometric data were collected 5 times over 5 yr from 52 adult male Caucasians. The age regression coefficient for FEV1 and FVC, determined cross-sectionally at each visit, was more than twice the longitudinal annual change computed from the same data as the mean of the slopes of each subject's regression lines. The discrepancy persisted even when the first visit was deleted to reduce learning effects on longitudinal estimates. This discrepancy may be partly explained by the sensitivity of cross-sectional analyses to past noxious influences, whereas longitudinal analyses are sensitive only to influences that continue to affect annual decline during the study period. We also found historical evidence of an increase in height-specific VC, which would artifactually steepen cross sectionally determined regression lines. Thus, observed longitudinal changes of study cohorts should be compared with control longitudinal data. PMID- 6979274 TI - Isolated IgG hypogammaglobulinemia in acrodermatitis enteropathica: correction with zinc therapy. PMID- 6979281 TI - [Evolution of connective tissue diseases with anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies (in 28 patients) (author's transl)]. AB - Follow-up of 28 patients with connective tissue diseases with anti-RNP antibodies revealed that the disease had followed a benign course in 19 cases and a more severe course (including one fatal outcome) in 9 cases. Severe symptoms were mainly renal, neurological, psychic, and articular in nature. The association of anti-DNA antibodies and or low blood complement levels was confirmed as being of poor prognostic significance. Correlating the clinical picture with the severity of the cases demonstrated one case of the severe form in 8 minor connective tissue diseases (arthralgia, Raynaud's syndrome, swollen fingers), three severe forms (including one death) in 9 cases of mixed diseases, and 5 severe forms in the 11 patients with isolated connective tissue disease. Minor connective tissue syndromes retain an overall favourable prognosis, but they may become severe. The poor prognosis of the juvenile forms and those related to scleroderma also has to be emphasised. PMID- 6979279 TI - [Intramural duodenal hematoma: conservative treatment in six cases (author's transl)]. AB - Six cases of intramural duodenal hematoma in children less than seven years old are presented. A review of the literature found 143 cases in patients under 15 years. The etiology is traumatic in most cases, although they have also been described in patients with Schonlein-Henoch purpura or coagulation diseases. Contrast X-rays are fundamental elements for diagnosis. The "spring" sign is very valuable. Patients were conservatively treated, although three of them where operated, one for a hepatic rupture and the two other for presumed appendicitis and intussusception respectively. In none was the hematoma drained. Clinical course was excellent and oral tolerance was achieved between three and seven days. Based on this experience and that obtained in the review of the literature, conservative treatment is recommended for intramural duodenal hematomas, when other associated problems needing a laparotomy have been excluded. PMID- 6979280 TI - [BCG vaccination, Critical study (author's transl)]. AB - On the observation that vaccination BCG used during the campaign of erradication of tuberculosis produced a very low conversion of tuberculin reaction postvaccination, authors have studied two groups of children vaccinated with a different BCG vaccine. They have controlled postvaccination allergy and the protection offered by the vaccines when this children are highly exposed to TB. They conclude that vaccination's efficacy is not present and today there are not indications for its' use. PMID- 6979282 TI - Clinical efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs in prevention of sudden coronary death. PMID- 6979283 TI - Surgery for recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with coronary artery disease: the role of subendocardial resection. PMID- 6979285 TI - Typhoid fever and cochleovestibular lesions. PMID- 6979284 TI - Inner ear pathology following injury to the eighth cranial nerve and the labyrinthine artery. AB - Inner ear pathology following surgical sectioning of the eighth cranial nerve and labyrinthine artery in humans is compared histologically to the pathology observed following severance of the eighth cranial nerve. The case in which both the eighth cranial nerve and the labyrinthine artery were surgically severed revealed severe pathologic changes in the cochlea, including complete loss of the organ of Corti and moderate pathologic changes in the fairly well-preserved vestibular end-organs. Interestingly, the endolymphatic sac appeared to be normal. However, the second case in which the eighth cranial nerve was sectioned but the labyrinthine artery was preserved revealed the organ of Corti and vestibular end-organs to be well preserved and normal. These findings suggest that the blood supply from the labyrinthine artery plays a major role in maintaining most of the structures in the inner ear except for the endolymphatic sac, and that the vestibular end-organs are more resistant than the organ of Corti to the effects of damage of the labyrinthine artery. PMID- 6979286 TI - Binocular counterrolling during sustained body tilt in normal humans and in a patient with unilateral vestibular nerve section. AB - Two normal persons and a patient with unilateral vestibular nerve section were held motionless for ten minutes in the upright position, at 60 degrees tilt right ear down, and at 60 degrees tilt left ear down. In addition, one normal subject was held for ten minutes at each of 30, 60, and 90 degrees tilt left ear down. Photographs were taken of both eyes every ten seconds. Measurements of ocular counterrolling during these trials revealed torsional eye movements in all positions, including the upright, even though the head and body were stationary. Variations in torsion in the upright position ranged up to 2.75 degrees. At the tilt positions, variations ranged up to 4 degrees. Disconjugate movements were seen in all subjects in all positions. There were no significant differences in measurements of ocular counterrolling during static tilt between the normal subjects and the patient with the vestibular nerve section, in contrast to measures obtained during slow velocity dynamic testing. PMID- 6979287 TI - [Study on resistant forms of Trichomonas vaginalis (author's transl)]. AB - We have demonstrated resistant forms of Trichomonas vaginalis studied their morphology and induced transformation into vegetative forms. This work has led to an hypothesis concerning the parasite cycle which may throw light on the problems of transmission and resistance to therapeutic agents. PMID- 6979288 TI - The secondary management of complicated liver injuries. AB - A retrospective review of the management of 15 patients suffering from the complications of blunt hepatic trauma is presented. All but one were referred after receiving primary surgical care elsewhere. Seven of them were wrongly thought to have sustained a relatively minor degree of injury. Selective arteriography and grey-scale ultrasonography were of value in the localisation of intrahepatic filling defects. The presence of jaundice correlated closely with persisting sepsis. Biliary fistulas closed spontaneously in all cases. PMID- 6979289 TI - [Peri-operative myocardial infarction in coronary artery surgery. Report on thirty cases subjected to postoperative coronography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979290 TI - [An unusual case of oxygenation failure during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979291 TI - Oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation under moderate and extreme hemodilution during coronary bypass surgery. AB - Oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation were investigated in twelve patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery under normovolemic moderate and extreme hemodilution. Moderate hemodilution, that was carried out after induction of anesthesia, decreased the mean hematocrit from 0.43 to 0.33. Concurrently, the cardiac index and the left ventricular filling pressure increased slightly whereas the systemic oxygen transport declined by 20%. This was associated with elevated oxygen extraction. The subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension underwent a transient increase during moderate hemodilution. During cardiopulmonary bypass and extreme hemodilution the mean hematocrit declined to 0.16. Simultaneously, the tissue PO2 decreased clearly reaching its minimum at the deepest hypothermia. After coming off bypass and reinfusion of the autologous blood the tissue PO2 approached the preoperative levels. In general, total body oxygen consumption changed parallelly with the tissue oxygen tension. Lactate concentration in the mixed venous blood increased in the beginning of the extracorporeal circulation and remained rather stationary thereafter. All patients recovered normally without any perioperative myocardial infarctions. PMID- 6979292 TI - Serum oncocity and myocardial oxygen balance during haemodilution in open-heart surgery. AB - In the first part of the present study the colloid-oncotic properties of degraded gelatin and dextran 70 were compared with each other during moderate normovolemic and extreme haemodilution. Serial serum analyses of colloid oncotic pressure and albumin concentration were performed on 39 open-heart surgery patients. The profile of albumin changes during the 24-hour period beginning with preanaesthetic measurements was identical in both colloid-groups. The data obtained strongly support the supposition that the gelatin solution easily escapes from the circulation due to gelatin's low number average molecular weight. On the other hand the oncotic and haemodynamic effects of dextran 70 may continue for many hours; dextran 70 seems therefore to be an ideal colloid for haemodilution. The second part of the study comprised an investigation of the effects on myocardial oxygen and lactate balance of moderate and extreme haemodilution with dextran 70 on 11 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. To compensate fully for the observed decrease in the blood O2-capacity during normovolemic haemodilution (Hct fell from 44 to 32), the coronary blood flow should have been increased by 24% in addition to the increase observed in the myocardial oxygen extraction. The compensation was considered adequate, because no myocardial ischaemia, as judged by the unchanged myocardial lactate balance, developed. The coronary sinus blood samples are, however, a poor reflection of local myocardial metabolic changes in those areas, where coronary flow is most severely restricted. PMID- 6979293 TI - [Electrophoretic distances between the three gibbon sub-genera (author's transl)]. AB - The three gibbon sub-genera : Symphalangus, Nomascus, and Hylobates are compared for 18 loci coding for serum proteins and enzymes. They are equally distant from each other on the basis of six discriminating electrophoretics markers. These results are compared with those of a similar study based on erythrocyte markers. PMID- 6979294 TI - Comparative gene mapping of the baboon (Papio papio) and man. AB - Seven new gene assignments were demonstrated in the baboon (Papio papio) by cosegregation analysis of twelve cell hybrids obtained between PPA fibroblasts and a mouse cell line deficient in thymidine kinase. The following markers and syntenic groups were localized : GUSB on PPA3 ; NP-MPI-PKM2-IDH2 on PPA7; ADA on PPA10 and IDH1 on PPA12. These results are consistent with the following homoeologies of PPA and HSA chromosomes : PPA3-HSA7 ; PPA7-HSA14 and 15 ; PPA10 HSA20 and PPA12-HSA2q PMID- 6979295 TI - [Chromosomal phylogeny of four Meriones (Rodentia, Gerbillidae) species (author's transl)]. AB - The karyotypes of four species of the genus Meriones (Rodentia, Gerbillidae) : M. tristrami, M. crassus, M. libycus and M. persicus are compared. About 20 chromosomal rearrangements separate these species into two groups. Robertsonian evolution, associated with inversions and fissions, appears to have occurred. PMID- 6979296 TI - Partial duplication for the short arm of chromosome 2 : the 2p23 to pter syndrome. AB - A 32 week, small for gestational age neonate was found to have partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p23 to pter). This duplication was due to a paternal balanced translocation [46,XY,t(2;20)(p23;q13)]. Peculiar facies with prominent eyes, low set ears and anteverted nostrils was apparent. A PDA with congestive heart failure occurred in the first weeks of life. The patient also had a marked diastasis recti, hemivertebrae, long tapering fingers and rocker bottom feet. The propositus was similar to the 14 cases of 2p duplication previously reported. It appears that duplication of the distal end of 2p (2p23 to pter), with or without deletion, should be classified as duplication (2p) syndrome. PMID- 6979299 TI - [Study of an isolated West Indies population. II. Estimation of the inbreeding value (author's transl)]. AB - Saint-Barthelemy, a small island near Guadeloupe, has been isolated since the 18th century. A first estimation of genetic size at each generation gives an estimation of the present inbreeding value due to random genetic drift. It is of the order of half a per cent. A census of matings between closely related persons (first or second cousins), during the three last generation may provide an estimation of the inbreeding value related to choice of mates based on relatedness using Sutter's equation of apparent consanguinity. This estimation is of the same order (0.8%) but is restricted to the cumulative effect of random genetic drift and non-random mating between relatives during these three last generations. A full estimation of remote consanguinity at present time requires a detailed analysis of genealogies. PMID- 6979297 TI - [Cytogenetic aspects of diffuse scleroderma : structural anomalies and sister chromatid exchanges (author's transl)]. AB - Structural chromosome anomalies (1 477 cells examined) and sister chromatid exchanges after two replication cycles with BrdU (771 cells studied) were evaluated in 12 patients with diffuse scleroderma and having received no recent or important irradiation. The increase of structural anomalies, chromatidic as well as chromosomal, is always low, inconstant and cannot be considered as having a diagnostic value. Increase of sister chromatid exchanges could be a more sensitive method of investigation. In particular, it is not influenced by low doses of diagnostic X-rays. PMID- 6979298 TI - [Increased activity of adenine phosphoribosyl transferase in a child trisomic for 16q22.2 to 16qter due to malsegregation of a t(16;21) (q22.2;q22;2)pat (author's transl)]. AB - Two cousins with trisomy for the distal third of 16q due to a familial translocation, t(16;21)(q22.2;q22-2), are reported. The APRT gene locus could be assigned to 16q22.2 to 16qter. The phenotypic similarities of the first patient, who had trisomy 16q22.3 to 16qter and monosomy 21q22.3, to six other patients with partial trisomy 16q reported in literature allows the delineation of a syndrome due to trisomy 16qter. In the second patient, with trisomy 16q22.3 to 16qter and trisomy 21pter to 21q22.2 similar features are present but in association with the classical symptoms of trisomy 21. PMID- 6979300 TI - [Comparative karyotyping of our gibbon species or subspecies (author's transl)]. AB - The karyotypes of several Hylobatidae Hylobates (Hylobates) lar pileatus, H. (Nomascus) concolor leucogenys, H. (N.) concolor ssp, Hybrid H. (N.) concolor leucogenys x H. (N.) concolor gabriellae, H (Symphalangus) syndactylus are compared both each others and also to those of other Primates. Many rearrangements of their chromosomes have occurred during their evolution, and some polymorphism still exists in the living species. This high rate of chromosome rearrangements is in contrast with their phenotypic stability. It is very likely that reciprocal translocations have occurred, these rearrangements being very rare in the evolution of other Primates. PMID- 6979302 TI - Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 15. PMID- 6979301 TI - A Robertsonian translocation in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) 37,XX,-13,-17,t rob(13;17). PMID- 6979303 TI - Syndrome of osteoporosis with pseudoglioma. AB - a 12 1/2-year-old boy with the rare autosomal recessive syndrome of osteoporosis with pseudoglioma is reported. Pertinent laboratory findings included osteoporotic lesions of the skeleton and calcification of the left lens. He was hypotonic and presented atrophic globes with opacities of the lenses. His psychomotor development was normal. Parental consanguinity is not excluded. PMID- 6979304 TI - Translocation 46,X,t(Y;14)(q122;q111) in a case of sterility in the male. PMID- 6979305 TI - Ticarcillin bioassay. AB - An accurate, plate diffusion bioassay for ticarcillin, utilizing the fast replicating Beneckea natriegens and 4% salt agar, is described in this report. Zones of inhibition were well defined after 3 h, and the limit of sensitivity was around 5.0 mug/ml. The assay is simple to carry out, and duplicate assays can be performed on as little as 40 mul of serum. PMID- 6979306 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic species and its beta-lactamase stability. AB - The in vitro activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin was determined against 800 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and compared with the activity of cefoxitin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefotaxime, moxalactam, ampicillin, cefoperazone, and gentamicin. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin inhibited the majority of organisms at concentrations below 1 microgram/ml. It inhibited methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus faecalis. It inhibited beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Unlike other new beta-lactams, it inhibited Listeria. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacters, Serratia, indole-positive Proteus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides resistant to other agents were inhibited. There was minimal effect of inoculum size and aerobic versus anaerobic conditions, and serum had no effect on activity. Most minimal bactericidal concentrations were two- or fourfold greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin showed partial synergy with aminoglycosides against S. aureus, S. faecalis, and many Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae. It was not hydrolyzed by plasmid-mediated and chromosomal beta-lactamases. PMID- 6979308 TI - Antimicrobial and beta-lactamase inhibitory activities of carpetimycins A and B, new carbapenem antibiotics. AB - Carpetimycins A and B showed widely broad spectra and potent activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including various species of anaerobic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of carpetimycin A was 8 to 64 times greater than that of carpetimycin B and 4 to 128 times greater than that of cefoxitin. The inhibitory concentration of carpetimycin A required to inhibit more than 90% of clinical isolates was 0.39 micrograms/ml for Escherichia coli and klebsiella and 1.56 microgram/ml for Proteus and Staphylococcus aureus. At a concentration of 3.13 micrograms/ml, carpetimycin A inhibited almost all clinical isolates of Enterobacter and Citrobacter, which showed resistance to many clinically used beta-lactam antibiotics. Carpetimycins A and B furthermore were shown to have potent inhibitory activities against several kinds of beta-lactamases produced by beta-lactam-resistant strains; they inhibited not only penicillinase-type beta lactamases but also cephalosporinase-type beta-lactamases, which were insensitive to clavulanic acid. In combination with beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cefazolin, carpetimycins A and B showed synergistic activities against beta-lactam-resistant bacteria. PMID- 6979309 TI - The antimalarial drug mefloquine binds to membrane phospholipids. AB - The new antimalarial drug mefloquine bound with high affinity (Kd approximately 3 X 10-7 M) to membrane lipids of normal mouse erythrocytes and of erythrocytes infected either with chloroquine-susceptible or chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei. Approximately 80 nmol of mefloquine was bound per mg of total lipid. Mefloquine also bound to purified phospholipids with high affinity (Kd approximately 3 X 10-7 M). Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine bound 300 to 400 nmol of mefloquine per mg. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine bound approximately 100 nmol of mefloquine per mg. Mefloquine did not bind to hemoglobin with high affinity, but it bound to free ferriprotoporphyrin IX with a Kd of approximately 3 X 10-7 M. In comparison with mefloquine, chloroquine did not bind effectively to purified phospholipids, although it is known to bind with high affinity to free ferriprotoporphyrin IX. Greater binding to phospholipids may account for the superiority of mefloquine in the treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria. PMID- 6979307 TI - Azthreonam (SQ 26,776), a synthetic monobactam specifically active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. AB - Azthreonam (SQ 26,776) is a synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antimicrobial agent belonging to the monobactam family (Sykes et al., Nature [London] 291:489-491, 1981), members of which are characterized by having the 2-oxoazetidine-1-sulfonic acid moiety. Azthreonam exhibits a high degree of stability to beta-lactamases and is specifically active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its activity against these organisms was in general equal or superior to that observed with the third-generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Like penicillins and cephalosporins, azthreonam interacts with essential penicillin-binding proteins of gram-negative bacteria. Azthreonam protected mice against experimental infections produced by a range of gram negative bacteria, exhibiting efficacy comparable to that of cefotaxime and ceftazidime. PMID- 6979311 TI - Mutational enzymatic resistance of Enterobacter species to beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Mutants with enhanced beta-lactam resistance were selected from strains of Enterobacter cloacae and E. aerogenes by using three antibiotics. High-level beta lactamase-producing mutants had similar degrees of increased resistance, enzyme substrate profiles, and isoelectric (pI) values irrespective of the selective agent. Reverse mutants from a resistant E. cloacae mutant regained the susceptibility pattern originally exhibited by the wild type, or were of enhanced susceptibility, and no longer expressed increased beta-lactamase production. beta Lactamases of the mutants were similar in pI values to the wild-type enzyme. The increased resistance of the mutants therefore appeared to be accounted for by increased beta-lactamase production. PMID- 6979314 TI - Liver damage in a neonate with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency due to phenotype PiZ null (Z-). PMID- 6979313 TI - Variables in demonstrating methicillin tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus strains. AB - Certain technical considerations which affected the status of methicillin tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus strains were studied. Methods which consistently demonstrated tolerance or intolerance of a given strain were avoidance of inoculum splashing, use of stationary-phase inoculum, 24-h tube incubation, and minimization of antibiotic carry-over. These studies suggested a need for the establishment of a standardized reference for the determination of tolerance. PMID- 6979312 TI - Pharmacokinetics of potassium clavulanate in combination with amoxicillin in pediatric patients. AB - Two dosages of a liquid suspension formulation of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate were tested in 34 infants and children. The smaller dosage resulted in suboptimal plasma concentrations. With a greater dosage (3.3 mg of clavulanate per kg and 13.3 mg of amoxicillin per kg), the mean peak plasma concentrations were 1.6 micrograms clavulanic acid per ml and 4.9 micrograms amoxicillin per ml. PMID- 6979315 TI - HLA typing as a method of genetic counselling in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 6979316 TI - Some immunological findings in patients with hydatidosis or schistosomiasis. PMID- 6979310 TI - Potent cephalosporinase inhibitors: 7 beta-[2-(1, 3-dithiolan-2-ylidene) acetamido] cephalosporins and related compounds. AB - Cephalosporins possessing a 1, 3-dithiolane, 1, 3-dithiane, or 1, 3-dithietane ring on their 7 beta-substituents showed potent inhibitory activity against cephaloridine hydrolysis by cephalosporinases purified from proteus morganii, Proteus rettgeri, and Proteus inconstans, which were not inhibited by clavulanic acid, a well-known beta-lactamase inhibitor. The mode of inhibition was competitive. The dithiolane cephalosporins themselves were stable against hydrolysis by the beta-lactamases tested. A combination of a dithiolane cephalosporin and cephaloridine synergistically inhibited in vitro growth of strains of P. morganii, P. rettgeri, P. inconstans, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia marcescens. PMID- 6979317 TI - Clinical evaluation of the relative effectiveness of multidose crystalloid and cold blood potassium cardioplegia in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a nonrandomized matched-pair analysis. AB - Controversy exists concerning the most effective method of myocardial protection during coronary artery bypass graft operations. Accordingly, we performed a matched-pair analysis between 25 patients receiving multidose hypothermic potassium crystalloid cardioplegia and 25 other patients receiving cold blood potassium cardioplegia. Patients were matched on the basis of preoperative ejection fraction (EF) and the number of anatomically similar stenotic coronary arteries. The adequacy of myocardial protection was assessed by serial perioperative determinations of radionuclide ventriculography, hemodynamic measurements, analyses of electrocardiograms and serum levels of MB-CK. We found that the level of myocardial protection was similar between unstratified groups. However, when subgroups were selected on the basis of prolonged aortic cross clamp time (greater than ninety minutes) or impaired preoperative left ventricular function (EF less than 40%), there was a suggestion that cold blood cardioplegia may be advantageous. PMID- 6979320 TI - Intractable foot pain following frostbite: case report. AB - This report describes a patient with intractable foot pain following frostbite in 1945. The patient continued to have progressively worsening foot pain, which eventually resulted in his losing his job and becoming wheelchair-bound. A combination of transcutaneous nerve stimulator, patellar, tendon weight bearing/ankle foot orthoses (PTB/AFO), and crutches resulted in pain relief and good ambulatory status. A review of the literature regarding possible pathophysiology is made. PMID- 6979319 TI - Myocardial protection with cold cardioplegia in a patient with cold autoagglutinins and hemolysins. AB - A technique is described for providing myocardial protection with cold potassium crystalloid cardioplegia in a patient with cold autoagglutinins and hemolysins. The patient was only mildly cooled systemically. The coronary system was perfused with a normothermic cardioplegic solution to remove the blood before the cold cardioplegia was started. The heart was rewarmed with a normothermic cardioplegic solution before the blood was reintroduced. With this technique, the patient underwent an uneventful coronary bypass operation. PMID- 6979318 TI - Perioperative protection of the myocardium in patients with impaired ventricular function. AB - Seventeen patients with poor ventricular function and severe coronary artery obstruction were operated on employing hypothermic potassium cardioplegic solution for myocardial preservation. Preoperatively and postoperatively, serial hemodynamics, electrocardiograms (ECG), MB-CPK studies, and technetium pyrophosphate scans were obtained for all patients. All ECGs and scans were negative for perioperative infarction. Peak MB-CPK levels were 40 +/- 25 units per liter. Two patients had MB-CPK levels suggestive of perioperative myocardial infarction. The preoperative cardiac index was 2.8 +/- 0.8 L/min/m2 and remained the same in the perioperative period. Stroke work index and total peripheral resistance were within normal range and remained constant throughout the period of study. Three patients required epinephrine (0.5 micrograms per minute) during the first 6 hours postoperatively, and in 2 patients an intraaortic balloon was inserted prophylactically and removed on the second postoperative day. Good myocardial preservation can be achieved in patients with severe coronary artery obstruction and preexisting left ventricular dysfunction using hypothermic potassium cardioplegic solution. PMID- 6979321 TI - [Studies on anti-thyroglobulin antibody formation in chronic thyroiditis. 1. In vitro detection of anti-thyroglobulin antibody forming cells from lymphocytes of patients and analysis of their regulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979322 TI - [Function of thymic reticuloepithelial cells in New Zealand mice (II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979323 TI - [Immunological study of IgA deficiency during anticonvulsant therapy in epileptic patients. II. Study of B cell-terminal differentiation by lymphocyte co-culture with PWM (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979324 TI - [Competence of B cells to helper T cells in pokeweed mitogen induced immunoglobulin production (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979325 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the differentiation of B-lymphocytes in avian embryogenesis]. AB - Hydrocortisone effect on B-lymphocytes differentiation in the avian bursa Fabricii has been studied in embryogenesis by means of the immunofluorescent method. Hydrocortisone (Flebocortid, the firm "Richter"), administered on the 11th day of the embryonal development in the dose 0.03 mg per one egg, blocks the differentiation process of cellular elements of the B-lymphoid line into mature lymphocytes containing immunoglobulins (IgM). When hydrocortisone is administered at the end of the embryonal development (on the 18th day of incubation) in the dose 1 mg, it is probably enhances migration processes of the B-lymphocytes from the central lymphoid organ (bursa Fabricii) into the peripheral ones (spleen), but dose not essentially affect the differentiation process of the lymphoid cells. PMID- 6979328 TI - Diagnosis of early lattice corneal dystrophy. AB - Seven children from two unrelated families had lattice corneal dystrophy. Their ages ranged from 3 to 13 years at initial examination. The children were observed for an average of 35 months. Three distinct early slitlamp characteristics were found. The first characteristic was subepithelial white opacities that were discrete, round or ovoid, nonrefractile, nonstaining, variably sized (estimated at 0.1 to 0.5 mm), and larger than the previously reported minute refractile dots. The second finding was a diffuse axial anterior stromal haze that was either the initial sign or developed in conjunction with the other two characteristics. The third finding was anterior stromal dots and filamentary lines that were refractile on indirect slitlamp illumination and white on direct illumination. Knowledge of these three slitlamp characteristics in conjunction with examination of older family members wil facilitate the early diagnosis of lattice corneal dystrophy. PMID- 6979326 TI - [Pathomorphosis of rheumatic diseases]. AB - Clinico-anatomic analysis of section and biopsy materials (skin, kidneys; synovial membranes of joints, lungs) was performed to study the effect of immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory therapy on the course and morphological manifestations of rheumatic diseases. In rheumatic fever, predominant involvement of valvular endocardium with flaccid asymptomatic course was observed with the lack of vasculitis and myocardial involvement, decreased fatality rate, a shift of fatality and morbility to middle age groups suggesting changes in the epidemiology of the disease and pathomorphosis of this nosological form. In systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, treatment of the disease positively affects its clinical, morphological, and immunological manifestations, i. e. partial pathomorphosis (nosomorphosis) occurs. PMID- 6979327 TI - Risk factors for rate of progression of glaucomatous visual field loss: a computer-based analysis. AB - Factors affecting the progression of visual field loss were examined in 57 patients with bilateral open angle glaucoma. patients who already had marked visual field loss experienced further field loss at a greatly accelerated rate. Family history of glaucoma, sex, and initial registration intraocular pressure were also important prognostic factors for progressive visual field loss, whereas age and systemic blood pressure were not found to affect rate of visual field loss. Follow-up data from these patients were drawn from a computer-based clinic record system that may serve as a prototype for the collection of information on the natural history of ophthalmic diseases. PMID- 6979329 TI - Effects of extracapsular implant techniques on endothelial density. AB - A comparison of surgical techniques with phacoemulsification showed that changing from anterior to posterior chamber emulsification afforded a drop in endothelial cell loss from 24.6% to 12.5%. Implantation of a Shearing posterior chamber lens instead of a Binkhorst two-loop iridocapsular lens did not decrease the cell loss using anterior chamber emulsification. Cell loss was approximately 25% in both groups. The addition of sodium hyaluronate (Healon) to the procedure of posterior chamber emulsification and implantation of a Shearing lens did not raise or lower the cell loss noted when using air alone. However, with the technique described whereby most of the sodium hyaluronate is irrigated from the eye at the end of the procedure, there was no increase in intraocular pressure postoperatively and no untoward effects. Posterior chamber emulsification seems mandatory, and though sodium hyaluronate did not improve cell loss, its use as a precaution seems to be completely safe when correct procedures are followed. PMID- 6979330 TI - The optokinetic test: interaction of the vestibular and optokinetic system in normal subjects and patients with vestibular disorders. AB - In 100 patients showing different lesions of the peripheral vestibular system and of the CNS, the influence of spontaneous vestibular nystagmus on optokinetic nystagmus was investigated. Considering the large interindividual differences in the results of vestibulo-visual interaction, the actual values of OKN slow-phase velocity obtained by visual stimulation are only of limited diagnostic value in a single case. However, by averaging the results obtained from various nosologic groups of patients very different but distinct patterns of vestibulo-visual interaction can be demonstrated: The diagnostic importance of quantitative assessment of optokinetic nystagmus is demonstrated by a statistical evaluation of test results obtained in normal subjects as well as in patients with peripheral and central vestibular disorders. The most important diagnostic parameters of a pathologic foveo-retinal optokinetic response are directional preponderance of slow phase velocity and gain of OKN. Increasing target velocity with decreasing gain clearly indicate the presence of a severe brainstem lesion involving the entire oculomotor control system which provides the coordination of head and eye movements. PMID- 6979332 TI - Clinical and serological observations on horses with suspected leptospirosis. PMID- 6979333 TI - Subclinical Johne's disease in Gippsland cattle. PMID- 6979331 TI - Aspects in diagnostics of central neural hearing disorders. AB - The central neural hearing disorders - in contrast to central cortical lesions - can be concretely defined audiometrically, and they can be localized realiably within the 2nd-4th neurons. For this purpose a definite test program is needed; especially indicative are the behavior of the acoustico-facial stapedius reflex and the results in dichotic discrimination and ERA. SISI and difference limen mostly point to a neural dysfunction, but - in distinct patterns of impairment - they may correspond to the picture of a peripheral hearing disorder as well. A fatigue of hearing apparently only appears if the myelin is damaged, at - perhaps additional - axonal lesions it shows up less clearly or not at all. The deficiency pattern of the stapedius reflex reflects up less clearly or not at all. The deficiency pattern of the stapedius reflex reflects the course of the reflex arc within the brain stem; accordingly, more central lesions of the auditory pathway do not affect the reflex. ERA mostly makes perceivable a lesion of synchronization, which only becomes noticeable at fast repetition rates with ultra short stimuli (1/4 ms), i.e., solely in the responses of the brain stem. The cortical responses, on the contrary, are not impaired more than the subjective threshold renders to be expected, they even show the same values of the pure tone audiogram. The dichotic discrimination is nearly always disturbed unilaterally, at processes of the brain stem homolaterally, at cortical foci predominantly leftside, perhaps because the left hemisphere dominates in speech discrimination. The otologist should know how to make use of the possibility of neuro-otologic diagnostics. PMID- 6979334 TI - Hippocampal EEG in normal mice and in mice with congenital vestibular defects. PMID- 6979335 TI - Glycogen and acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase in lymphocytes of diabetic subjects. PMID- 6979336 TI - [Metachondromatosis, 3 case reports with hereditary occurrence]. PMID- 6979337 TI - [Unilocular histiocytosis X of the juvenile cervical spine]. PMID- 6979338 TI - Glycoprotein biosynthesis in quiescent and stimulated thymocytes and a T-cell lymphoma. AB - Quiescent thymocytes, mitogen-stimulated thymocytes and acute-leukaemic lymphoblasts provide a model for the study of protein glycosylation in quiescent cells, mitotically active non-malignant and malignant cells respectively. The biosynthesis of both complex and high-mannose-type oligosaccharides was monitored by metabolic labelling with [6-3]fucose and [2-3H]mannose. Bio-Gel P6 elution profiles of [6-3H]fucose-labelled glycopeptides showed that quiescent thymocytes and stimulated thymocytes synthesized qualitatively and quantitatively similar glycopeptides; however, higher-molecular-weight glycopeptides were synthesized by the acute-leukaemic lymphoblasts. The amount of [2(-3)H]mannose incorporated into glycopeptide by quiescent thymocytes was less than 10% of that incorporated by stimulated thymocytes. The Bio-Gel P6 elution profile of [2(-3)H]mannose-labelled glycopeptides from acute leukaemic lymphoblasts was qualitatively similar to that of stimulated thymocytes, with about 40% of the radioactivity incorporated into one glycopeptide peak. This glycopeptide was characterized by Bio-Gel P6 and concanavalin A affinity chromatography, radioactive-sugar analysis, sensitivity to alpha-mannosidase and endoglycosidase H and resistance to beta-glucosaminidase as containing a high-mannose oligosaccharide, possible of Man7-8GlcNAc2 structure. Pulse/chase experiments indicated that this high-mannose oligosaccharide was an end product and not a biosynthetic intermediate. It is concluded that higher-molecular-weight fucose-labelled glycopeptides are characteristic of the malignant cell type, and the synthesis of high-mannose oligosaccharide, Man7-8GlcNAc2, in stimulated thymocytes and acute-leukaemic lymphoblasts is associated with mitotically active cells. PMID- 6979339 TI - Interaction of the pBR 322-coded RTEM beta-lactamase with substrates. Evidence for specific conformational transitions. AB - The rate of inactivation of RTEM-1 beta-lactamase by Pronase is accelerated by class A ('resistant') penicillins. Other substrates (class S penicillin and cephalosporins) protect against the inactivation. Cefoxitin, a semi-synthetic cephamycin, induces a more extensive, hysteretic response. In its presence the enzyme is inactivated by trypsin as well as by Pronase. PMID- 6979340 TI - The association of antinuclear antibodies, antilymphocyte antibodies, and C4 activation among the relatives of children with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We studied 31 children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 108 first degree relatives of the children to determine if HLA type, familial relationship to patient, or gender influenced the familial aggregation of SLE and the serologic and serum complement abnormalities associated with SLE. There were no significant relationships between the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antilymphocyte antibodies (ALA), or circulating immune complexes. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the occurrence of ANA, ALA, or circulating immune complexes with HLA type or relationship to patient. Both ANA and ALA were associated with a reduction in the mean serum C4 level, without a corresponding reduction in mean serum C3 or CH50. The reduction in mean serum C4 level with ALA occurred without regard to the subject's relationship to the patient, but the reduction in mean serum C4 level with ANA was significant only among the sisters. Because of these data, it seems that the sisters of patients with SLE are more likely than other relatives to have activation of the complement system in association with serologic abnormalities. Those sisters with ANA and ALA had the greatest amount of complement activation and may be the relatives at greatest risk for the subsequent development of SLE. PMID- 6979342 TI - [Effect of human plasma on the in vitro formation of T-lymphocyte colonies]. AB - T-lymphocyte colonies can be obtained from normal human peripheral blood and bone marrow, using a double layer technique which requires the simultaneous presence of peripheral blood irradiated leucocytes in the underlayer and phytohaemagglutinin in the overlayer (Foa & Catovsky, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 36, 488, 1979). The absence of either of these two factors unables colony formation. In an attempt to improve the plating efficiency 15% autologous plasma was added to the leucocyte rich underlayer, or tested alone. The results demonstrated that both leucocytes and plasma alone show a similar colony promoting activity, giving rise respectively to 160 +/- 80.4 SD and 180 +/- 113.5 SD T-colonies. The combination of both factors produced a significant increase in growth, with an overall mean of 410 +/- 190.5 colonies. Increasing concentration of plasma (1%, 5%, 10%, 15%) gave rise to a dose-dependent increase in colony growth. Furthermore, the simultaneous presence of leucocytes and plasma in the underlayer enabled good colony formation with as little as 0.1 x 105 tes cells in the overlayer. These findings indicate that both human peripheral blood leucocytes and plasma possess T-colony stimulating activity, and that optimal growth is achieved with the combination of these two factors in the underlayer. PMID- 6979341 TI - Studies on an anti-inflammatory agent. III. Pharmacological investigations of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent: 2-oxo-3-[4-(1-oxo-2-isoindolinyl) phenyl]-butanamide (GP 650). AB - The anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities and acute toxicity of 2-oxo-3-[4-(1-oxo-2-isoindolinyl)-phenyl]-butanamide (GP 650) were investigated in laboratory animals and compared with those of phenylbutazone, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ibuprofen, tiaramide-HCl and tinoridine-HCl. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of GP 650 were found to be almost equivalent to those of phenylbutazone on the basis of various anti-inflammatory and analgesic tests while its antipyretic activity was less marked, and its ulcerogenic action and acute toxicity were much lower than those of the other agents. It is interesting to note that GP 650 possesses marked anti inflammatory activity similar to acidic anti-inflammatory agents in chronic inflammatory models along with mild antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities found in basic anti-inflammatory agents. Therefore, GP 650 appears to be a promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. PMID- 6979343 TI - [Study of T-lymphocyte subpopulations through monoclonal antibodies]. AB - We studied the lymphocyte subpopulations T4+ and T8+ through monoclonal antibodies (McAb). The end of our study was focused in understanding the differences between the values mentioned by the literature and, consequently, determining our range of normality. Thus, we determined the subpopulations T4 and T8 using the antibodies OKT4 IND and OKT8 SUP, which define respectively the subpopulations T helper and T suppressor. Such determinations have been fulfilled whether on the total lymphocytes or on the lymphocytes T purified. Of course, the results obtained are different if we use the total lymphocytes or lymphocytes T purified. This confirms our suspect that the different values mentioned by the literature are determined by the two possible methods: T purified or total lymphocytes. In order to avoid interpretative mistakes, we suggest to express the values of T4+ and T8+ through the relation T4/T8; in fact, studying the single values obtained by the two different methods we proved they are different, but, at the same time, the relation T4/T8 remain unchanged in each method and is included in a "range of normality" from 1,4 to 1,7. PMID- 6979344 TI - [T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the elderly, studied with monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 6979346 TI - Coronary artery surgery using inverted internal mammary artery. AB - A 56-year-old man requiring multiple coronary artery bypass grafts but without enough suitable vein was operated upon using the retrograde flow of the right internal mammary artery to supply to posterior descending coronary artery. Relief of angina and non-ischaemic areas on the scan with thallium-201 supports our intention to use this method when other techniques are not possible. PMID- 6979345 TI - [Tissue autoantibodies during therapy with levamisole for rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - In 20 patients affected with rheumatoid arthritis, tissue autoantibodies were studied during a year of treatment with levamisole. Before therapy, antinuclear antibodies were present in 11 cases, anti-thyroid microsomes in 1 and anti-smooth muscle in 6. During therapy, autoantibodies remained almost unchanged in all patients, thus indicating that levamisole does not influence this aspect of humoral immunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, no correlation was found between autoantibody pattern before treatment and effects of levamisole on clinical course of disease. PMID- 6979347 TI - Recovery from day-case anaesthesia: comparison of a further four techniques including use of the new induction agent diprivan. AB - Eighty unpremedicated patients received thiopentone and halothane, propanidid and fentanyl, diprivan (ICI 35 868) alone, or diprivan and fentanyl, each supplementing 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Diprivan alone, or in combination with fentanyl, resulted in a more rapid awakening than thiopentone and halothane, and significantly shorter recovery times than both thiopentone and halothane and propranidid and fentanyl. Administration of fentanyl with diprivan significantly reduced the total dose of the latter and all indices of recovery. Propanidid and fentanyl did not produce shorter overall recovery times than thiopentone and halothane but nausea and vomiting after operation were significantly increased when compared with the other techniques. PMID- 6979348 TI - An unusual presentation of chondrosarcoma in diaphyseal aclasis. PMID- 6979350 TI - alpha-globin gene deletions associated with Hb J Tongariki. AB - Three identical alpha + thalassemia genes, one of which always carried the Hb J Tongariki mutation, have been observed in Vanuatuans. Despite the fact that at least two of them have arisen by different types of crossover event, the expression of all three haplotypes is identical. PMID- 6979351 TI - Role of phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin E in growth and differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. AB - Phospholipase A2 activity and prostaglandin E synthesis have been studied in different clones of myeloid leukemic cells, which differ in their competence to be induced to differentiate by the macrophage and granulocyte differentiation inducing protein or the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Clones that could be induced to differentiate by this protein showed a higher basal phospholipase A2 activity than clones that could not be induced to differentiate by this protein inducer. Cell competence to be induced to differentiate by TPA did not show this correlation, and the clone with the least ability to respond to TPA showed the lowest number of binding sites for [20 3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Differentiation induced by the protein was accompanied by a 7-14-fold increase in prostaglandin E synthesis, whereas differentiation induced by TPA did not show this increase. Externally added prostaglandin E1 did not induce differentiation but inhibited cell proliferation and the degree of inhibition in the different clones was related to the basal phospholipase A2 activity. The results indicate that increase of prostaglandin E synthesis was not an essential pre-requisite for differentiation, that prostaglandin E seems to be involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation in association with phospholipase A2, and that the differentiation-inducing protein and TPA can induce differentiation by different pathways. The amount of basal phospholipase A2 activity was also related to previously found differences in the ability of the clones to develop desensitization to beta-adrenergic hormones or prostaglandin E1. PMID- 6979349 TI - Mononuclear-cell infiltration in ovarian cancer. I. Inflammatory-cell infiltrates from tumour and ascites material. AB - Malignant effusions and tumour tissue obtained at surgery provided material for a study of the prognostic value of the various inflammatory cells in the prognosis of human ovarian cancer. Ascitic fluids predominantly contained inflammatory cells; tumour cells, both singly and in clusters, were a minor component. Tumour cells were usually in excess in dispersed solid material. Some patients had significant proportions of lymphocytes and macrophages in their solid tumour, and these patients invariably responded to therapy. Sedimentation-velocity separation at unit gravity provided tow populations of inflammatory cells. One consisted of mononuclear cells similar in size to those in the patients blood: the other consisted of one or more large macrophage populations, distinct in morphology and enzymatic markers from both blood monocytes and each other. T lymphocytes were enriched in ascites fractions (78%) and in the tumour-derived mononuclear fraction (71%) compared to patient blood (60%). The T-cell subset characterized by ANAE reactivity was markedly depleted in the tumour-infiltrating fraction (17%) compared to patient blood (62%) or patient blood (51%). Esterase-positive monocyte-like cells were more frequent in the tumour-infiltrating fraction (17%) than ascites (7%) or blood (12%). B lymphocytes were infrequent in solid tumours and difficult to assess in ascites. Histiocyte-like macrophages were present in the higher-velocity tumour-cell containing fractions of both solid and ascitic material. The variation in infiltrating cells between patients and between tumour and ascites of the same individual was marked. PMID- 6979352 TI - Bestatin, a new immunomodulator, augments the release of mitogenic factors from PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes. AB - A new chemically well-defined immunomodulator termed Bestatin was examined for its capacity to interfere with the release of factors from PHA pulsed human peripheral lymphoid cells which are mitogenic for T-cells. The presence of Bestatin, at Concentrations of 0.01-100 microgram/ml, during PHA-pulsing significantly enhanced the subsequent release of mitogenic factors. The highest increase, fourfold, was observed using 10 microgram/ml of Bestatin, Treatment of lymphoid cells with Bestatin alone or pretreatment with this compound before PHA pulsing did not significantly change the subsequent release of these lymphokines. PMID- 6979353 TI - Colony growth of human T-lymphocyte colony forming units (TL-CFU) after X irradiation. AB - The effect of X-irradiation on growth of T-lymphocyte colony forming units (TL CFU) from human peripheral blood was investigated. The results indicate that not the number of activated TL-CFU but the number of cell cycles of colony forming cells was reduced by X-irradiation. Therefore we presume that TL-CFU belong to a relatively radio-resistant cell population within the PHA-responsive lymphocytes. Kinetic studies revealed that colony growth following irradiation was delayed mainly during the phase of the first cell cycle. Preculture of the cells for 24 hours after irradiation with 1,200 R in the absence of PHA caused total inhibition of colony growth in the subsequent agar culture. In the presence of PHA no inhibition was observed. This finding appears to reflect a repair mechanism from radiation damage of lymphocytes stimulated by PHA. PMID- 6979354 TI - Chronic leukemia with a hybrid surface phenotype (T lymphocytic/myelomonocytic): leukemic cells displaying natural killer activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - A patient with chronic leukemia exhibited uncommon clinical features, such as hypergammaglobulinemia and activation of intravascular coagulation after low-dose irradiation of the enlarged spleen. By light and electron microscopy, the leukemic cells resembled large granular lymphocytes. The following markers were simultaneously expressed on their surface: receptors for sheep erythrocytes and the Fc part of IgG; common T-cell antigens as revealed by a heteroantiserum (HuTLA) and monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, T411); antigens shared by cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (OKT8, T811) as well as myelomonocytic antigens defined by the OKM1 and M522 monoclonal antibodies. The leukemic cells showed both spontaneous (NK) and antibody-dependent (ADCC) cytotoxicity, but they did not suppress B-cell differentiation in vitro. PMID- 6979355 TI - A B-lymphoma cell line that forms rosettes with neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes through monoclonal surface immunoglobulin. AB - Undifferentiated lymphoma from a 39-year-old female became serially xenotransplantable to preirradiated nude mice. The tumor cells (KT) possessed a monoclonal surface immunoglobulin (SIg mu, kappa) and formed rosettes with neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes (SEn). Precise characterizations of the SEn rosette, however, revealed the following facts: (1) Neuraminidase-untreated or 2-aminoethylisothiuronium bromide (AET) treated sheep erythrocytes were not bound to the KT cells. (2) SEn rosettes on the KT cells did not show a temperature dependency. (3) Neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes from man, horse, mouse, and rabbit were not bound to the KT cells. (4) Preincubation of the KT cells with antipolyvalent immunoglobulin or anti-kappa-chain serum abolished the SEn rosette formation. (5) Trypsinization decreased both SEn rosettes and SIg on the KT cells. (6) SEn rosettes on the KT cells were too loose to be separated from nonrosetting cells by a Percoll gradient centrifugation method. Summarizing these results, the monoclonal SIg on the KT cells recognized sheep erythrocyte antigen(s) that were exposed only after the neuraminidase treatment. Therefore, this was considered to be a case with peculiar B-lymphoma cells that bound SEn through their SIg. PMID- 6979358 TI - Purification of colony-stimulating factor by affinity chromatography. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine whether L-cell-derived colony-stimulating factor (CSF) could be purified by a single step affinity chromatographic technique. A quantity of 100 X 10(6) units of purified anti-CSF was coupled to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose 4B; colony assays revealed complete binding of the antibodies to the gel. Three 10-liter pools of serum-free L-cell CSF were concentrated by ultrafiltration, applied to the gel, and eluted with a low pH, high molarity buffer. Recovery of CSF ranged from 68%-100% with greater than 1000 fold decreases in protein content. Specific activity of the purified CSF ranged from 2.8 to 5.9 X 10(7) U of CSF/mg protein. Following iodination, each purified pool of CSF revealed a major 63,000-dalton peak of radioactivity that comigrated with CSF activity in SDS-acrylamide gels. In addition, several smaller peaks of 50,000 and 40,000 molecular weight were also detected. Approximately two-thirds of the purified CSF was adherent to concanavalin-A with elution by a competing sugar. Electrophoretic mobility was retarded by incubation with neuraminidase. These chromatographic studies confirm the observation that CSF is a glycoprotein but also suggest variable degrees of glycosylation of the molecule. This chromatographic technique should prove useful in the rapid purification of large quantities of CSF for physiologic and biochemical characterization. PMID- 6979357 TI - Feedback regulation of granulopoiesis: polymerization of lactoferrin abrogates its ability to inhibit CSA production. AB - Neutrophil extracts were prepared from the peripheral blood of 40 normal volunteers and tested for their ability to inhibit CSA production by mononuclear leukocytes. Highly dilute neutrophil extracts inhibited CSA production/release, while extracts selectively depleted of lactoferrin by antibody affinity chromatography did not. In addition, higher concentrations of neutrophil extracts and higher doses of lactoferrin (10(-9)-10(-6) M) failed to inhibit CSA production/release. We found no evidence of CSA or CSA-enhancing factors in either our lactoferrin or our neutrophil extracts. However, using gel chromatography and rate zonal density sedimentation, we noted that lactoferrin undergoes concentration-dependent polymerization at 10(-9)-10(-10) M in tissue culture medium and that while monomeric lactoferrin effectively inhibits CSA production/release in vitro, the polymeric form does not. Thus, while we have confirmed that lactoferrin is the activity in neutrophil extracts that inhibits CSA production, we have also found that lactoferrin undergoes reversible polymerization at physiologic concentrations and that the polymerized molecule is inactive. The tendency of lactoferrin to polymerize in tissue culture medium and in vivo should be taken into account in any studies on its potential role as a physiologically relevant regulator of granulopoiesis. PMID- 6979356 TI - Factors that affect human hemopoiesis are produced by T-cell growth factor dependent and independent cultured T-cell leukemia-lymphoma cells. AB - Some laboratory results and clinical situations suggest that human T cells may be important in the regulation of growth of hematopoietic cells. Since the discovery of T-cell growth factor (TCGF), systems are now available for the long-term specific in vitro propagation of mature normal or neoplastic human T cells, providing an opportunity to study the influence of T cells on hematopoiesis. Recently, 24 cell lines from patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) were grown with TCGF and then assessed for release of humoral factors that affect hematopoiesis. Conditioned media (CM) from these cell lines were tested for erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) and granulocyte colony-stimulating activity (CSA). BPA was detected in CM from 3/6 cultures of T-ALL patients and 4/6 CTCL cultures. CSA was found in the CM from 6/8 cultures of T-ALL patients, 7/12 CTCL cultures, and 3/4 CTCL cell lines that become independent of exogenous TCGF for growth. The CSA from several of the neoplastic T-cell cultures stimulated high levels of eosinophil colonies, a possible source of the eosinophilia seen in these patients. The ability of continuously proliferating human T lymphocytes, which retain functional specificity and responsiveness to normal humoral regulation, to produce factors that directly or indirectly stimulate myeloid and erythroid colony formation lends further credence to the role of T lymphocytes in regulating hematopoiesis. PMID- 6979359 TI - Nonspecific esterase of B lymphocytes from a case of chronic lymhocytic leukemia and of normal T lymphocytes: similar constellations of isoenzymes. AB - Lymphocytes from a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were obtained in a highly purified state from a therapeutic leukapheresis preparation. The CLL lymphocytes showed a fine, scattered, granular pattern of nonspecific esterase cytochemical reactivity with either alpha-naphthyl acetate (alpha NA) or alpha-naphthyl butyrate (alpha NB) substrate as opposed to the more focal pattern of control (T) lymphocytes. Nonspecific esterase of CLL lymphocytes and normal control lymphocytes was equally resistant to inhibition by fluoride ion. Extractable nonspecific esterases from the CLL lymphocytes and from purified normal T lymphocytes were indistinguishable in regard to specific activity, substrate specificity, pH optima, and zymogram profiles on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5 and pH 4.0. Zymograms of alpha NA esterase and alpha NB esterase prepared by isoelectric focusing were also similar, with no unequivocal differences. These results are consistent with recent reports that B lymphocytes contain detectable nonspecific esterase and suggest that the B lymphocytes from this case of CLL contained a constellation of isoenzymes similar to that of normal T lymphocytes. This is interpreted as a reflection of the close kinship of these cells. PMID- 6979360 TI - Chlorambucil therapy in hairy cell leukemia: effects on lipid composition and lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Two patients with progressive hairy cell leukemia following splenectomy were treated with low-dose daily chlorambucil. Both had an objective hematologic response as determined by a return to normal hematocrit and platelet count. This was also reflected in the mononuclear cell fraction by the normalization of cholesterol content, cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, and the lymphocyte subpopulations. This article confirms previous reports on the efficacy of chlorambucil in this setting and describes some morphological, and biochemical concomitant events. PMID- 6979361 TI - Enzymatic activities of activated and zymogen forms of human Hageman factor (factor XII). AB - Pro-Phe-Arg chloromethylketone (PPACMK) at 5.26 microM inactivated the amidolytic activity of native human Hageman factor with an apparent first-order rate constant of 0.75 min-1. The activated forms of Hageman factor, Hfa and HFf, were also inactivated by PPACMK with rate constants 0.82 and 0.72 min-1. These numbers indicate that the activity detectable in native Hageman factor is due to contamination with activated species. Uncleaved Hageman factor reacts slowly with 40 mM diisopropyl fluorophosphate with concomitant loss of its procoagulant activity. Incubation of native Hageman factor with PPACMK does not destroy its procoagulant activity, even in the presence of the activator dextran sulphate, but PPACMK inhibits autoactivation of Hageman factor, suggesting that no active site is formed in uncleaved, surface-bound Hageman factor. The activation of prekallikrein by Hageman factor under initial-rate conditions occurs after a lag and is prevented by an inhibitor of Hageman factor from corn. The kinetics of prekallikrein activation and the effects of inhibitors provide evidence that the amidolytic and proteolytic activities of human Hageman factor reside in the activated forms derived by limited proteolysis of the native molecule. PMID- 6979363 TI - Human marrow stromal cells in culture: changes induced by T-lymphocytes. AB - Suspension cultures of human bone marrow mononuclear cells form colonies of fibroblastoid cells which expand to form confluent monolayers. These fibroblastoid cells are thought to represent elements of the bone marrow stroma. Fibroblastoid cells failed to proliferate when the cultures were initiated and maintained in the presence of 50% (v/v) of medium conditioned by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated blood mononuclear cells or supernatant media from one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). Under these conditions, the cultures contained a pleomorphic population of macrophage-like cells. Some of the characteristics of the fibroblastoid and macrophage-like cells have been compared and a separate origin of the two cell types has been demonstrated. Further experiments indicated that T lymphocytes were the source of the factor(s) in the conditioned media which was responsible for the growth of the macrophage-like cells at the expense of the fibroblastoid cells and suggested that activation of the T cells was necessary for them to exert their effect. The results support the idea that T lymphocytes can influence the haemopoietic microenvironment of the bone marrow. PMID- 6979362 TI - Conditions for an in vitro culture of murine mixed hematopoietic colonies and their putative cellular origin. AB - The supernatant fluid of stimulated spleen cells (PHA-SCM) supported in vitro colony growth of murine marrow. In the absence of exogenous erythropoietin, it stimulated the growth of (1) myeloid colonies and (2) distinct mixed colonies containing erythroid cells, granulocytes, macrophages, and infrequently megakaryocytes in a setting structurally resembling biopsied marrow. The cells that form mixed colonies reside in a density range of 1.058-1.068 g/ml in a discontinuous albumin gradient. Active supernatant was produced by T cells in combination with a macrophage factor. DNA synthesis correlated with activity. PHA SCM differed from erythropoietin (EPO) when chromatographed on lectin columns and did not contain EPO activity as demonstrated by the fetal mouse liver cell (FMLC) assay. The activity for mixed colony growth could be eluted from an anion exchange column with 0.07 M NaCl and eluted in a gel filtration column at a distance corresponding to a molecular weight of 39,000. Mixed colony-forming cells responsive to PHA-SCM were found to be Ia-H-2+. BFU-Es, CFU-Cs, and progenitors for myeloid colonies responsive to PHA-SCM were also H-2+ but showed significant sensitivity to anti-Ia antisera reflecting variable antigenic density. The mixed colony-forming cell appeared less differentiated than myeloid or erythroid progenitor cells examined, and its antigenic determinants are consistent with those observed for the pluripotent stem cell assayed in vivo (CFU S). PMID- 6979364 TI - [Quantitation of histocompatibility antigens on rat lymphocytes by flow cytometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979365 TI - Thymocytotoxic antibodies in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus and lymphoproliferative diseases. PMID- 6979366 TI - Cellular aggregates in bone marrow cultures of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. AB - We describe the incidence and morphology of cellular aggregates which may develop in 8 day bone marrow (BM) cultures of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Aggregates formed in at least one BM culture from 50% (20/39) of the AML group. They developed irrespective of the patient's status (i.e. stages M1-M4), FAB type, and presence of colony stimulating factor (CSF). All aggregates were composed of macrophages, plasma cells, and cells of the myelocyte series surrounding a core of adipocytes and collagen fibrils. The percentage of blasts and promyelocytes in the plated BM aspirate governed the final composition of the aggregate. Patients in Stages M3 or M4 with FAB types M1 or M2 formed aggregates with a high proportion of myelocytic cells; aggregates of all other AML patients were composed predominantly of macrophages and plasmacytes. Aggregates appeared to form as a result of attraction of cells in the medium toward the stroma cell core. Furthermore, the development of aggregates in the absence of exogenous CSF, suggested that stromal cells excreted a factor with CSF-like activity. The results indicate that cellular aggregates in AML-BM cultures reflect the important role of BM stroma in creating microenvironments which enhance the development of hemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 6979367 TI - [Recognition of congenital dyschromatopsia in children]. PMID- 6979368 TI - Homocystinuria and Marfanoid appearance. PMID- 6979369 TI - [Statistical analysis of minor anomalies of color perception]. PMID- 6979371 TI - Gastric blood flow, mast cell degranulation and micromorphology of gastric mucosa following experimental haemorrhagic shock in dogs. AB - Ischaemia of the gastric mucosa in haemorrhagic shock appears to be one of the principal factors underlying acute bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. In the present experimental study on dogs the changes of blood flow in the upper gastrointestinal tract were recorded by direct flow measurement in the pertinent vessels. Fourteen mongrel dogs were subjected to haemorrhagic shock lasting for 3 and 4 h. A decline of 46 per cent cardiac output was observed while coeliac artery blood flow decreased by 40 per cent and gastric artery blood flow by 60 per cent. All stages of stress ulcers were documented by light and electron microscopy. In addition, pronounced degranulation of mast cells preceding major tissue damage was observed. In the light of these findings a cascade of events is thought to be present resulting in the development of stress ulcer. PMID- 6979372 TI - Stapling instruments in upper gastrointestinal surgery: a retrospective study of 362 cases. AB - A retrospective review of 362 upper gastrointestinal operations performed over a 6-year period was undertaken. The incidences of complications following the use of stapling instruments (Autosuture) or the use of conventional anastomotic techniques were compared. Complications considered to be related to anastomotic techniques were: leak or bleeding from the suture line or the development of intra-abdominal or wound sepsis. The complication rates were 21 per cent for operations using conventional suturing techniques and 16 per cent for operations in which the stapling instruments were employed. PMID- 6979370 TI - Preliminary results of oral BVDU treatment of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 6979373 TI - Local potassium concentration changes in the retina and the electroretinographic (ERG) b-wave. AB - Intraretinal injections of high- and low-K+ Ringer's solutions generate potentials which are opposite in polarity but otherwise similar in both their shapes and retinal depth profiles. We provide evidence that the principal generator of the K+-mediated potential is the Muller (glial) cell, but that the FRG b-wave cannot be explained solely by this K+-mediated potential without considering involvement of the electrical activities of neuronal cells. PMID- 6979375 TI - Meesmann's corneal dystrophy: ultrastructural features. AB - Ultrastructural studies were done on a cornea obtained at the time of lamellar keratoplasty from a patient with the clinical diagnosis of Meesmann's corneal dystrophy. Light microscopy showed in the corneal epithelium the typical tiny cysts containing cellular debris and a homogeneous substance that reacted with periodic acid and Schiff's reagent and stained with Hale's colloidal iron; as well, the basement membrane was markedly thickened. Electron microscopy revealed that the cysts had a corrugated or microvillous wall, consistent with acantholysis. The epithelial cells were rich in glycogen, and many contained the peculiar substance described by others in Meesmann's corneal dystrophy. This substance appeared to be derived from the tonofilaments and was in close relation to the desmosomes. The thick basement membrane showed secondary changes, with one thick zone that was rich in collagen fibrils mimicking abnormal anchoring fibrils and one thin zone that was poor in fibrils but had frequent intercalated fibroblasts and probably represented a repair phenomenon. There was no apparent modification of Bowman's layer or the superficial stroma. PMID- 6979376 TI - Gastric variceal bleeding due to occlusion of splenic vein in pancreatic disease. AB - Nine patients with gastric varices secondary to occlusion of the splenic vein, which resulted from pancreatic disease, were treated by the authors between 1973 and 1981. Profuse hemorrhage, recurrent bleeding and hypochromic anemia were investigated by endoscopy, gastrointestinal roentgenography and selective angiography. Pancreatic disease was defined by ultrasonography, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and operation. There were three cases of chronic pancreatitis, three of pancreatic abscess, two of pseudocyst and one of carcinoma of the pancreas. Definitive control of upper gastrointestinal bleeding from gastric varices was achieved by combining splenectomy with selective pancreatic surgical procedures. Two patients did not undergo operation. One death resulted from an unresectable carcinoma. Bleeding did not recur in six patients followed for up to 8 years after operation. PMID- 6979377 TI - The Sugiura procedure for bleeding esophageal varices: a modification. AB - The Sugiura procedure is an operation for control of bleeding esophageal varices. Splenectomy, extensive paraesophagogastric devascularization, and transection and anastomosis of the esophagus are performed through two incisions. The modifications described by the authors, such as the single thoracoabdominal incision and use of a stapler, simplify and shorten the operation. Preliminary results in nine patients are encouraging. PMID- 6979378 TI - Haemophilus influenzae pyosalpingitis. PMID- 6979374 TI - [Dominant hereditary early infantile progressive endothelial corneal dystrophy (horseshoe-shaped beginning variant of Schlichting's endothelial dystrophy)]. PMID- 6979379 TI - T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with subsequent acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a case report. AB - A case of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma is described in which the patient presented with a characteristic mediastinal mass and lack of bone marrow involvement. Immunologic studies of the surface phenotype of the malignant cells in a pleural effusion with monoclonal antibodies revealed the cells to be of thymic origin and distinguished them from the surface phenotypes seen in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Twenty-five months after presentation with lymphoma, the patient developed an acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. With the improved prognosis seen in lymphoblastic lymphoma with intensive combination chemotherapy, it is expected that more cases of subsequent acute nonlymphocytic leukemia will be seen. In view of the natural history of lymphoblastic lymphoma to develop into lymphoblastic leukemia, it is important to be alert to a complicating nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6979381 TI - Chemotherapy of a malignant, metastasizing giant-cell tumor of bone: report of an unusual case and the response to combination chemotherapy. AB - A 13-year-old girl was treated surgically for a giant-cell tumor of bone originating in the talus and for a recurrence in the distal tibia. She later developed liver and lung metastases and was treated for two years, five months with a combination of vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and actinomycin D, and thereafter with high-dose methotrexate/vincristine with citrovorum factor rescue. A good response was obtained and the patient is without evidence of disease 12 months after a salvage thoracotomy for residual disease in the left lung. Aspects of this singular case are discussed. PMID- 6979382 TI - Tissue T-lymphocytes in untreated Hodgkin's disease: morphologic and functional correlations in spleens and lymph nodes. AB - In the present study the number of E-RFC and the in vitro response to PHA and ConA were determined for lymphocytes obtained from spleens and lymph nodes of untreated HD patients. The results were correlated with tissue involvement and with the histological pattern of the disease. Our investigation has revealed: (1) involved spleens and lymph nodes contained a higher percentage of T-lymphocytes than uninvolved tissues. The differences was statistically significant for lymph nodes. (2) A statistically significant correlation was not found between T lymphocyte numbers and histology. (3) Lymphocytes from uninvolved spleens were significantly more reactive to both mitogens than cells from involved spleens and control non-neoplastic spleens as well. (4) Similar results were obtained with lymph node lymphocytes; however, a significant difference was observed only when cells were stimulated with ConA. (5) The difference in proliferative response between uninvolved and involved tissues was maximally expressed in MC and progressively decreased in NS and LP. (6) T-cell enrichment does not alter the difference between uninvolved and involved spleens. (7) Cells from uninvolved and involved spleens, cultured for 24 hours, maintained unchanged their proliferative capacity. In this study evidence is provided that in HD T-lymphocytes from uninvolved tissues are characterized by an increased reactivity in mitogens, whereas cells from involved tissues are normally responsive. PMID- 6979383 TI - Cell cycle variation in 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor binding in chemically transformed cells. AB - Previous studies have shown that the nontransformed AKR-2B cells when arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle due to low-molecule-weight nutrient (amino acid) deficiency exhibit a 5- to 10-fold lower level of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor activity than do the same cells in the rapidly growing state or arrested in G1 due to growth factor deficiency. The chemically transformed AKR-MCA and C3H/MCA-58 cell lines spontaneously arrest growth in G1 due to nutrient deficiency when grown to saturation density in medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. An examination of 125I-labeled EGF binding in rapidly growing and G1 arrested AKR-MCA and C3H/MCA-58 cells showed that the G1-arrested chemically transformed cells also have a 10- to 20-fold reduction in the amount of 125I labeled EGF binding relative to the same cells in the rapidly growing state. Stimulation of DNA synthesis in the arrested cells by the addition of serum-free medium caused a 6- to 10-fold increase in 125I-labeled EGF binding. This recovery of receptor activity was inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide, suggesting that new messenger RNA synthesis as well as increased protein synthesis is necessary for the recovery of EGF binding. A comparison of EGF binding in C3H/MCA 58 cells and the nontransformed parent line (C3H/10T 1/2) in the rapidly growing state showed the same approximate level of receptor activity. However, the rapidly growing AKR-MCA cells had approximately one-tenth the amount of EGF binding as did the rapidly growing nontransformed parent line (AKR-2B). Scatchard analysis of binding data showed a 10-fold greater number of receptors in the AKR 2B cells relative to the AKR-MCA cells with a lesser difference in apparent receptor affinity. The chemically transformed BP-3T3, like the other two chemically transformed lines, was also demonstrated to arrest growth spontaneously due to nutrient deficiency with an associated 100-fold decrease in EGF binding. Rapidly growing BP-3T3 cells had only slightly less 125I-labeled EGF binding than did the nontransformed parent line (BALB-3T3) in the rapidly growing state. The data indicate that one mechanism for reduction of EGF binding in chemically transformed cells is the propensity of these cells to arrest growth in G1 at saturation density due to low-molecular-weight nutrient deficiency, a state associated with decreased EGF binding. PMID- 6979384 TI - Reactivation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity in cells exposed to 9 beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine. AB - 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) inactivates isolated S-adenosyl-L homocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) as well as AdoHcy hydrolase in intact cells. Whereas the inactivation in cell-free systems is an irreversible process, the AdoHcy hydrolase activity in rat hepatocytes exposed to ara-A gradually recovered upon prolonged incubation of the cells in a medium devoid of ara-A. This process, tentatively termed reactivation of the enzyme, was nearly totally dependent on a high level of adenosine deaminase in the extracellular medium, which induced a decrease in intracellular content of adenosine as well as ara-A. Reactivation of intracellular enzyme was inhibited by adenosine deaminase inhibitors [2'-deoxycoformycin and erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine] and the synthetic substrate for AdoHcy hydrolase, 3-deazaadenosine. An inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) was without effect. Homocysteine, which protected the intracellular AdoHcy hydrolase against inactivation by ara-A, induced no reactivation of the enzyme. The half-life of the intracellular ara-A AdoHcy hydrolase complex was about 90 min and was not affected by adenosine deaminase, 3-deazaadenosine, or homocysteine added to the cell suspension. However, the rate of elimination of the complex in the hepatocytes exceeded the rate of reactivation of AdoHcy hydrolase. Thus, the elimination process accounted for the reactivation, but not correlation between these two processes was observed. Reactivation of intracellular AdoHcy hydrolase caused a pronounced fall in cellular content of AdoHcy. The possibility that reduced cellular level of AdoHcy induced the reactivation of AdoHcy hydrolase seemed unlikely. This statement was based on the observation that reactivation was observed also under conditions of high concentrations of AdoHcy (obtained by the addition of homocysteine to the cell suspension). Reactivation of AdoHcy hydrolase with a concomitant decrease in cellular level of AdoHcy could also be demonstrated with mouse plasmacytoma (MPC-11) cells and mouse fibroblasts (L-929) exposed to ara-A, but the reactivation process was far less pronounced than with hepatocytes. PMID- 6979385 TI - Antitumor activity of D-mannosamine in vitro: different sensitivities among human leukemia cell lines possessing T-cell properties. AB - D-Mannosamine is toxic to human malignant T-lymphoid cell lines derived from patients with T-cell leukemia. We observed heterogeneity of mannosamine susceptibility among those cell lines. The leukemic T-cell lines, subgrouped according to the degree of mannosamine inhibition on nucleic acid biosyntheses, were: Subgroup 1, HPB-MLT cells; Subgroup 2, CCRF-HSB-2 and HPB-ALL cells; and Subgroup 3, MOLT-4 cells. The most sensitive line, HPB-MLT, originated from the patient with adult T-cell leukemia. The cytotoxicity of mannosamine was potentiated by a fatty acid, sodium oleate, at concentrations that were noncytolytic, and the interaction between the two drugs was synergistic. These results would suggest that mannosamine induces changes in the membrane structure of the leukemia cells. Thus, the primary target of the tumoricidal activity of mannosamine may also be the cellular membranes. PMID- 6979380 TI - The treatment of lymphoblastic lymphoma with antithymocyte globulin. AB - A 20-year-old man with previously treated lymphoblastic lymphoma, a known T-cell disorder, developed progressive disease despite intensive combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. He was subsequently treated with a 21-day course of intravenous antithymocyte globulin at a dose of approximately 15mg/kg per day. This resulted in a marked reduction in lymphadenopathy as determined by physical examination and chest x-ray. Toxicity was limited to minor pruritus which resolved with diphenyldramine and hydrocortisone premedication. PMID- 6979386 TI - Surgical management of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6979387 TI - The surgical management of coronary artery disease with myocardial dysfunction. AB - The prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular dysfunction (ischemic cardiomyopathy) is grim and medical therapy has not significantly altered its course. To evaluate the results of aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafting in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, 51 consecutive patients with left ventricular ejection fractions under 0.35 were analyzed. The average ejection fraction was 0.24. All patients had angina pectoris. Clinical congestive heart failure was present in 43 percent of the patients. Ninety percent of the patients had one or more previous myocardial infarctions. Forty-seven patients had three vessel disease and four patients had two vessel disease. Twenty-one percent of the patients had critical left main coronary artery obstruction. Twelve percent of the patients had unstable angina pectoris. Two patients had recent myocardial infarction. Improvements in operative management and surgical techniques, particularly the use of cardioplegic solution for operative myocardial protection and the judicious use of the intra-aortic balloon, have been clearly beneficial. The period of followup was 6 to 33 months. The operative mortality rate was 2 percent (one patient). There have been no late deaths. Significant improvement in angina pectoris and congestive heart failure was found in over 90 percent of the patients postoperatively. Patients with severe preoperative congestive heart failure had remarkable relief of symptoms after operation. The aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass operation can be performed in patients with coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular dysfunction with a low operative mortality rate, with marked relief of angina pectoris, and with dramatic improvement in the symptoms of congestive heart failure. PMID- 6979390 TI - Human colony-stimulating factor producing cell line. PMID- 6979388 TI - Myocardial and non-myocardial release of myoglobin and creatine-kinase MB following cardiac operations with hypothermic potassium cardioplegia. AB - Serum time-activity curves for myoglobin, creatine-kinase (CK) and its isoenzyme MB were determined during and after coronary bypass surgery and aortic valve replacement. Hypothermic potassium cardioplegia was the method employed to initiate cardiac arrest. Cardiac myoglobin and CK-MB release rates were maximal 0.5 to 1.0 h post aortic cross-clamp release (PACR) with maximal concentrations at 1 and 4 h PACR respectively. The cardiac release ceased within 5 h PACR but was followed by a noncardiac release with maximal concentrations from 10 to 35 h PACR. The cardiac myoglobin release was significantly lower in the coronary bypass group, whereas no significant intergroup difference was observed for CK MB. The cumulative CK-MB release corresponded roughly to about 5 g of myocardium. PMID- 6979389 TI - Thermography in assessing coronary artery saphenous graft patency and blood flow. AB - Infrared thermography has been used in 32 patients undergoing coronary artery saphenous bypass graft surgery in our department, in order to visualise graft patency and flow at the time surgery. 16 of these patients also had flow measurements with the use of electromagnetic flow meters to one or more of their grafts, which had already been thermographed in order to establish a correlation between the two methods. This study has confirmed that grafts which show good flow by means of electromagnetic flow meters also have a good pictorial graft patency and flow with infrared thermography. PMID- 6979391 TI - [T-lymphocyte values in peripheral blood in systemic lupus erythematosus and similar nosological entities (progressive systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and mixed connective tissue disease) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979392 TI - Cell population kinetics of thyroid follicular cells in infant rats. AB - T cell population kinetics of thyroid follicular cells in rats were studied by means of autoradiography and a statmokinetic technique. During the first fortnight after birth no significant changes in the mitotic index (MI) and labelling index (LI) were found. In the next 2 weeks a constant decrease in the number of proliferating cells occurs. In 10-day old animals 40% of the follicular cells were in the cell cycle (GF); 3.25 +/- 0.77 (SEM) % in the S phase and 0.18 +/- 0.04% in mitoses (MI). Day-night changes in the LI and mitotic rate (MR) indicated a peak value at 13.30 hours with a lowest value at 22.30 hours. The mean LI and MR averaged over the whole 24 hr were 3.1 +/- 0.1% and 122.2 +/- 18.1%, respectively. In 10-day old animals, using the fraction of labelled mitoses (FLM) method the median cell cycle time (TC) was 79 hr and the phase durations were TG1--64.6 hr, TS--8.2 hr and TG2--5.1 hr. The decrease in the number of proliferating cells with the age of the animals is considered to be a result of both cell cycle prolongation and in growth fraction reduction. PMID- 6979393 TI - The simulation of bone marrow granulopoiesis of normal CBA mice in vitro and in vivo by serum obtained from leucophoretic rats. AB - The effect of leucophoretic serum (LS), obtained from rats with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-induced inflammation, on granulopoiesis in the bone marrow of normal CBA mice was studied. The following test systems were used: short term cultures (4 hr), diffusion chambers (8, 24, 48 and 72 hr) and in vivo assays (12, 24 and 48 hr). The results indicate that LS stimulates the proliferations of granulocytic cells by increasing the number of proliferative granulocytes in mitosis, as well as increasing the total number of proliferative granulocytes. LS did not appear to effect monocytes and other cell lines. It is concluded that a factor present in LS specifically stimulates the proliferation of granulocytic cells, both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6979394 TI - Induction of antigen-specific lymphocyte unresponsiveness in vitro: possible role of divalent cations and defective function of human T-cell-activating factor (TAF). PMID- 6979395 TI - Inhibition of the lymphocyte blastogenic response to antigen by serum-free culture supernatants of leukemic B cells. PMID- 6979396 TI - Different functions of subsets of effector T cells in murine influenza virus infection. PMID- 6979397 TI - Accessory function of a small radioresistant spleen cell population in the generation of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6979398 TI - Use of positively selected Lyt-2+ mouse splenocytes to examine interleukin-2 secretion in responses to alloantigens and to TNP-modified syngeneic cells. PMID- 6979399 TI - Rat antisera directed against alloimmune murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes inhibit cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and natural killer activity: strain specificity of inhibition. PMID- 6979400 TI - Lymphocyte receptors for polyclonal T mitogens. II. High-molecular-weight glycoproteins are the best candidate sites for mitogenic action by concanavalin A and galactose oxidase. PMID- 6979401 TI - Inhibition of human lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, natural killer like cytotoxicity, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis by xenoantisera raised against concanavalin A-stimulated human lymphocytes. PMID- 6979402 TI - [Medical aspects of children with portal hypertension at Bicetre hospital. A study of 282 cases (1954-1981) (author's transl)]. AB - 282 children with portal hypertension (PHT) were studied. PHT was due to extra hepatic portal venous obstruction in 40% of children, to intra-hepatic disease in 56% and to post-sinusoidal lesions in 4%. Presenting symptoms, and risk of gastro intestinal bleeding were analyzed in each etiologic group, as well as the follow up in children in whom a portal-systemic shunt was not carried out. In portal venous obstruction, gastro-intestinal bleeding occurred frequently and early in life; liver failure and portal systemic encephalopathy did not occur; none of these children died except those with severe congenital heart disease. In children with cirrhosis, gastro-intestinal bleeding occurred twice less frequently and its date depended upon the etiology of cirrhosis; in this group, death was due twice more often to the underlying liver disease than to gastro intestinal bleeding. In supra-hepatic PHT, the risks of PHT proper are limited except for ascites. PMID- 6979403 TI - [Portal hypertension in children. Hemorrhagic risk and measures for prevention (author's transl)]. AB - The retrospective analysis of 201 children who presented with portal hypertension and were investigated by esophageal endoscopy provides the following results : 1) esophageal varices were present in 90% of the children examined; 2) the hemorrhagic risk is much higher in children with extra hepatic portal obstruction (gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 80% of these children) than in children with intrahepatic or postsinusoidal portal hypertension (29%); 3) endoscopic signs of major portal hypertension such as tension of varices and/or congestion of the esophageal mucosa were present in virtually all children who experienced one or more episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding; 4) esophageal or gastric lesions not related to varices were responsible for bleeding in 6 children; 5) gastric varices were present in 21 of 105 children in whom a thorough gastric endoscopy was carried out; 6) partial or complete regression of varices occurred in 11 of 27 children in whom several endoscopies were performed with a follow-up of 9 months to 6 years; complete regression occurred only when varices were of small size; 7) measures used to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in children with varices often failed when endoscopic signs of major portal hypertension were present. These results confirm the major importance of eso-gastric endoscopy in the investigation of children with portal hypertension and suggest that porto systemic surgical shunts should be considered in children who experience at least one spontaneous episode of gastrointestinal bleeding provided the responsibility of varices is ascertained by endoscopy. PMID- 6979404 TI - [Esophagus ligation on murphy button in the management of bleeding esophageal varices in children (author's transl)]. AB - Bleeding esophageal varices in 9 children (among whom 5 with extra-hepatic and 4 with intra-hepatic obstruction) were treated by ligation of the esophagus on an anastomotic button. Two patients died, one presenting mesenteric infarction following splenectomy, the other due to mismanagement of postoperative esophagus stenosis. In the patients with extra-hepatic obstruction, no recurrent bleeding was noted and the varices have completely disappeared on X-Ray and endoscopy with nearly 5 years follow-up, which proves the efficiency of the method. In cases of intra-hepatic obstruction, this procedure remains useful for the management of advanced cirrhosis or as a temporary treatment to help a young infant over a dangerous period. PMID- 6979405 TI - [Early gastro-intestinal bleeding in children with portal hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - From the retrospective study of 47 children who presented with portal hypertension and gastro-intestinal bleeding before 3 years of age, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) The cause of portal hypertension was extrahepatic portal obstruction in 35 children, cirrhosis in 10 and congenital hepatic fibrosis in 2. 2) Endoscopic signs of major portal hypertension were present in 26 of 27 children in whom a thorough endoscopic examination was carried out. 3) Most children experienced several episodes of bleeding. One or several hematemeses occurred in 36 children, one or several episodes of melaena in 23, one or several proctorrhagia in 5 and anemia alone in 2. Two children with liver failure died during a gastrointestinal bleeding episode. 4) Transthoracic direct ligation of esophageal varices was performed in 8 children ; all but one experienced one or more episodes of bleeding within one year after surgery. One child died during one of these episodes. 5) A surgical portosystemic shunt was carried out in 37 rated on before the age of 3. Shunts were successful in 7 of 11 children who were ope children. Patency of the shunt was demonstrated in 32. These results show that early shunt surgery can provide a permanent solution to the life-threatening problems of gastrointestinal bleeding in young children with portal hypertensions. PMID- 6979406 TI - [Portal hypertension and biliary atresia (author's transl)]. AB - The study of portal pressure during surgical exploration for biliary atresia in the series of 260 children operated at the Hospital Saint-Vincent de Paul since 1968 showed that portal hypertension could be demonstrated in 61.8% of the cases before the age of 3 months. Among the 54 children surviving without jaundice, splenomegaly was found in 35 cases; esophageal varices were seen in 14 children, more frequently after 5 years of age. Bleeding from esophageal varices occurred only in cases with recurrence of jaundice or moderate biliary retention, i.e. for 6 children. A portocaval shunt was constructed in 7 cases; all had bled except one. One child died two and a half years later from pneumococcal sepsis after a splenorenal shunt with splenectomy; another child had numerous recurrence of bleeding episodes. Five children have a functional shunt and have not rebled. When biliary atresia is cured by hepatoportoenterostomy, with complete disappearance of biliary retention, the risk of bleeding from esophageal varices is unlikely, in spite of persistent cirrhotic alterations of the liver; in these children, there should very seldom be an indication for a portocaval shunt. PMID- 6979407 TI - [The Warren operation. Experiences with adults]. PMID- 6979410 TI - [Etiology of keratoconus : role of chlamydial dystrophy]. PMID- 6979409 TI - [Vaccination against bacterial meningitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979411 TI - [Probably fungal hypopyon occurring after operation for cataract]. PMID- 6979412 TI - [2 cases of acute Candida albicans endophthalmitis treated by vitrectomy in heroin addicts]. PMID- 6979408 TI - [Portal hypertension of extra-hepatic origin in children (author's transl)]. AB - From 1960 to 1981, 31 children, 18 boys and 13 girls, have been treated at Ste Justine Hospital for extra-hepatic portal hypertension. Age at the onset of gastro-intestinal bleeding 3 1/2 months and 13 years. Splenomegaly with hypersplenism, hematemesis and melena have been the most frequent clinical manifestations. Percutaneous splenoportography be coelio-mesenteric arteriography confirmed the diagnosis of cavernomatous transformation of the portal vein. Among the 31 children, 28 bled from their varices, the 3 others did not to date. Among the 28 patients with active bleeding complication, 7 have been treated conservatively, 11 had sclerotherapy (sclerosing injections of varices). On the surgical point of view, 7 had ligation of varices with intra-thoracic transposition of the spleen in 5 of them. Portosystemic shunts were performed in 10 patients, 3 central spleno-renal and 7 cavo-mesenteric shunt. Each of these 28 patients had an average of 9,5 episodes of gastro-intestinal bleeding, 8.7 hospitalizations, and received 7.5 liter of blood. Medical treatment, sclerotherapy, ligature of varices and intra-thoracic transposition of the spleen are palliative measures. Nevertheless the procedures are time and life savers, allowing improvement and development of natural porto-systemic shunts. Follow up of unshunted patients on a period of 8 to 17 years revealed a decreasing frequency and intensity of the hemorrhagic manifestations. Operative risks and morbidity of recurrent bleeding should be the guidelines for surgery. Natural course of illness and possible neuro-psychiatric consequences of a porto-caval shunt should also be considered. PMID- 6979413 TI - [Treatment by vitrectomy and retinectomy (with injection of silicone, and argon laser photocoagulation) of endophthalmitis secondary to fungal septicemia]. PMID- 6979414 TI - Meningococcal disease and its control with meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines. AB - This article summarizes background information and specific evidence regarding the use of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines. On the basis of currently available data, it seems premature to recommend that immunization against meningococcal disease be included within routine immunization programmes in developing countries. Factors contributing to this judgement include the irregularity of epidemics, the changing serogroups of meningococci, the different age distribution of cases in different areas, low efficacy of a single dose of meningococcal vaccine in children below 2 years of age, short duration of post immunization immunity in infants and young children, and finally, the still high cost of current meningococcal vaccines.The meningococcal vaccines can be effective, however, in controlling epidemics due to meningococci of serogroups A or C provided they are quickly administered to the age groups within the population who are most at risk. PMID- 6979415 TI - Plasma concentrations in pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine and evaluation of pharmacokinetic data by computerized curve fitting. AB - For the determination of the plasma concentration profiles of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine after the administration of 1 tablet of Fansidar, highly specific analytical methods are needed as the pyrimethamine concentration is low (0.2 - 0.02 mg/litre) and the concentration ratio of the two components in the plasma is high (> 1: 500). The microbiological method described in this paper fulfils these requirements for high specificity and sensitivity (the sensitivity limit for sulfadoxine is 1 mg/litre and for pyrimethamine is 0.013 mg/litre).Pharmacokinetic data were evaluated for 14 volunteers after administration of 1 tablet of Fansidar, and a computer simulation of multiple dosing (1 tablet per week) was performed. PMID- 6979416 TI - Avian influenza A viruses of southern China and Hong Kong: ecological aspects and implications for man. AB - Continuous surveillance of the influenza viruses isolated from domestic poultry from southern China and Hong Kong over more than 4 years resulted in the isolation of influenza viruses possessing 46 different combinations of haemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) subtypes. Of these, 43 were obtained from ducks from China. In all cases, infection appeared to be asymptomatic. The antigenic combination found most commonly in the viruses isolated was H4N6, which accounted for approximately one-quarter of the duck isolates, its occurrence being more frequent than expected from a statistical analysis of the observed frequencies of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes among all the isolates. Some combinations of H and N occurred less frequently than expected or not at all. Influenza viruses tended to be isolated more frequently from ducks during the summer months in comparison with paramyxoviruses, which were more commonly encountered in the winter. Possible reasons for the great antigenic diversity of influenza A viruses in the poultry, especially the ducks, in the region are discussed together with the potential significance of these viruses to the emergence of human influenza pandemics. PMID- 6979417 TI - Rubella immunization of teenage girls in Iceland and follow-up after a severe rubella epidemic. AB - Of 730 Icelandic schoolgirls, 12 years of age, screened for rubella antibodies by the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) technique, 372 (50.9%) were found to be seronegative. Rubella vaccine was administered to 355 members of this group, and to 12 girls with an HI titre of 20. Blood samples were taken 6 weeks and 1 year after immunization from 336 previously seronegative girls and from the 12 low positive vaccinees, and tested for HI antibodies. The seroconversion rate was 99.15%. One year after immunization, 94.8% of the girls tested had an HI antibody titre of 40 or more. The geometric mean titre (GMT) of the previously seronegative girls was 62.07 at 6 weeks and 61.69 at one year after vaccination. Of the girls with an initially low positive titre, only 3 (25%) showed a significant rise. The GMT was 40 at 6 weeks, but fell to 25.2 after 1 year. Re immunization had no effect on antibody levels in either group.A severe rubella epidemic occurred 2 years after immunization, following which 345 vaccinees and 193 naturally immune controls were studied. All subjects had been exposed to wild rubella virus at school, and rubella cases had occurred in the homes of 116 vaccinees (33.6%) and 41 control subjects (21.2%). Only 5 (1.5%) primarily seronegative vaccinees and 2 unimmunized controls (1%) showed serological evidence of infection during the epidemic. PMID- 6979418 TI - Comparison of gingival index and sulcus bleeding index as indicators of periodontal status. AB - Although the gingival index and sulcus bleeding index have been widely used as indicators of periodontal status, there is some disagreement among investigators as to their meaning and significance. A clinical study was undertaken to monitor the occurrence of gingival bleeding, oedema, and change in colour in subjects with and without periodontal disease, and it was found that the combinations of these clinical symptoms often did not correspond exactly with an index score. It is therefore suggested that any study of periodontal disease should be based on fundamental criteria, such as bleeding or oedema, rather than on composite indices. PMID- 6979419 TI - Appropriate uses of human immunoglobulin in clinical practice: memorandum from an IUIS/WHO meeting. AB - There is a consensus among clinical immunologists that an effort should be made to define the criteria and indications for the administration of immunoglobulin to patients. This Memorandum sets out current recommendations for the use and dosage of immunoglobulin in the prophylaxis of viral and bacterial infections, and in replacement of antibodies in immunodeficient patients. It also points out clearly the situations where immunoglobulin is not useful or is contraindicated. The report also summarizes the current knowledge on adverse reactions to immunoglobulin injection, and outlines the qualities required for safe and useful immunoglobulin preparations. PMID- 6979421 TI - Health and safety in medical laboratories. AB - There has been a large increase in the number of persons employed in medical laboratories in the last 25 years. These workers are exposed to a variety of infective agents in the course of their work, the most important being Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella typhi, Brucella spp., and serum hepatitis virus. Chemical and physical hazards include toxic chemicals, lacerations, skin disease, and possibly cancer. Current knowledge of safe working practice in laboratories leaves much to be desired and there is an urgent need for both internationally agreed codes of safe practice and the development of guidelines for the medical surveillance of laboratory workers. The World Health Organization is developing such guidelines in an attempt to protect the health of workers employed in the investigation of ill health in others. PMID- 6979420 TI - Epidemiology of human Schistosoma haematobium infection around Volta Lake, Ghana, 1973-75. AB - There was a dramatic rise in the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis around Volta Lake within a year of its full impoundment in 1968. Research was undertaken to investigate the epidemiology of the disease in preparation for a control programme. The interplay of three factors-age, sex, and ethnic affiliation largely defined the demographic patterns of the prevalence and the intensity of infection. Both of these increased in young children up to a peak at age 10-14 years, and then declined, the intensity of infection more rapidly than the prevalence. The prevalence and intensity of infection were both greater in males than females (above ages 15-24 years and 5-9 years, respectively), and differences between the two main ethnic groups were related to differences in their lake-related activities. Differences between the patterns of prevalence and intensity of infection are attributed to the greater sensitivity of the latter measurement in indicating changes in the level of transmission. Practical difficulties were encountered in obtaining a precise measurement of incidence, the most important being the considerable degree of population movement. A field cohort study showed a seasonality of transmission, greatest between January and April, during the period of high level of the lake and in the early part of the draw-down.Research on the intermediate snail host (Bulinus truncatus rohlfsi) and lakeside ecology established the focality of transmission at human water-contact sites serving the shore-line communities and, in conjunction with parasitological surveys, its seasonality: variations in ecology that accompanied the annual rise and fall of the lake led to high levels of transmission when the water level was high and lower levels during the draw-down.The geographical distribution of the infection was also affected by differences in ecology, specifically by variations in the distribution and abundance of the aquatic weed Ceratophyllum demersum. A non-seasonal decline in transmission observed in one locality during the period from 1973 to 1975 resulted from a local decrease in the amount of Ceratophyllum. PMID- 6979422 TI - Consensus development conference on coronary artery bypass surgery: medical and scientific aspects. National institutes of health, December 3-5, 1980 Bethesda, Maryland. PMID- 6979423 TI - Consensus development conference on coronary artery bypass surgery: introduction. PMID- 6979424 TI - Postoperative exercise response in the evaluation of the physiologic status after coronary bypass surgery. AB - Many studies have demonstrated that coronary artery bypass surgery combined with medical therapy produces a greater degree of improvement in the symptomatic state and in the functional class of the patients with severe coronary artery disease than does medical therapy alone. This can be objectively documented by an improvement in the exercise capacity and by an increase in heart rate and blood pressure attained at the higher level of exercise. The improvement is the result of relief of exercise-induced (and resting) myocardial ischemia documented by increases in heart rate and blood pressure, greater lactate extraction across the myocardium, improvement in left ventricular dysfunction, abolition of exertional hypotension, and by reversal of exercise-induced and of resting thallium-201 defects. Results of coronary bypass surgery performed during 1974-1979 are better than those during 1969-1973. PMID- 6979425 TI - Employment status after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - With a few exceptions, prevailing data on return to work after coronary artery bypass surgery indicate no net gain in employment status for at least several years after the operation. Despite the improved surgical experience and advances in the medical management of postoperative patients, only limited employment benefits occur after surgery, and no gains in work rehabilitation over the past decade have been noted. Several characteristics--preoperative work status, nonwork income, occupation, relief of symptoms, age, perception of health, education and severity of disease--appear to be important for estimating the likelihood of employment after surgery. Other influences, such as attitudes of the family, employers and physicians, undoubtedly alter the probability of return to the work force, but are less well documented. Unless constructive approaches toward work rehabilitation are made, the possibility of return to gainful employment should not be considered an indication for or a necessary consequence of coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6979427 TI - National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement on coronary bypass surgery: scientific and clinical aspects. PMID- 6979426 TI - Employment status after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Factors that influence the effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) on employment were examined in 1427 2-year survivors from entry into the nonrandomized Mayo Clinic portion of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's prospective Coronary Artery Surgery Study. Five hundred seventy-nine patients (41%) were treated medically, 769 (54%) were treated surgically and 79 (5%) were initially treated medically but later had CABG. All groups were similar at entry with respect to age and percent working, retired or quitting work for cardiac reasons. There was a similar decline in employment from entry to 2 years in all three groups. The number who quit work for cardiac reasons was twice the number of previously disabled workers who returned to work with all three modes of therapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to test the independent prognostic values of a number of variables for subsequent employment in the largest homogeneous surgical subset--496 nonretired males. Postoperative angina was the most powerful factor reducing postoperative employment. Postoperative employment was also lower if the patient was not working before surgery, was a laborer, or older than age 55 years (all p less than 0.01). Although the level of nonwork physical activity was generally increased after CABG, there was no relationship between physical activity and employment. This study confirms that employment declines after CABG, but three of the four most powerful prognostic variables were not related to surgery. PMID- 6979428 TI - Management of the patient with coronary artery disease. A surgeon's perspective. AB - The patient who has symptomatic coronary artery disease suffers from a chronic, incurable illness. The physician must help such a patient adapt to the disease. Coronary artery bypass surgery is, in many instances, a valuable therapeutic adjunct that provides both physiologic and psychologic benefit. It frees many patients from angina pectoris and, in some instances, prolongs life. It often gives the patient the confidence of knowing that maximum effort is being expended to combat the disease. Selectively used, coronary artery bypass is an effective component in the total management of patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6979429 TI - The reasonable workup before recommending medical or surgical therapy: an overall strategy. AB - The workup of a patient with chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD) before the selection of medical-surgical or medical therapy depends on multiple objective and subjective factors. These include symptoms, extent of anatomic disease (degree of coronary arteriosclerosis and left ventricular abnormalities), objective evidence of ischemia, extent of left ventricular dysfunction, and recent intercurrent ischemic events. In a minority of patients, a single factor is of overwhelming importance; e.g., the presence of severe left main coronary artery narrowing in a symptomatic patient indicates surgery is a better choice, whereas evidence of advanced left ventricular dysfunction suggests that surgery is likely to be risky and of limited help to the patient. In most instances, multiple factors should be considered before making a recommendation. The patient should be placed in the appropriate clinical subset and the objective factors that are most important in determining survival should be evaluated. Hence, an exercise electrocardiographic study to evaluate symptoms and exercise tolerance in a patient with angina pectoris and radioventriculographic studies with exercise to estimate left ventricular performance in a patient who complains of fatigue and breathlessness are superior to the subjective interpretations of routine clinical examinations. Asymptomatic patients and those with excellent exercise tolerance pose the most difficult decisions. Perhaps serial (even annual) noninvasive evaluation is appropriate in such patients in light of the current uncertainty about how to manage them. Laboratory tests should be used selectively, systematically and sequentially. The high cost of many of the examinations is reason to avoid duplication. When noninvasive evaluation can answer the question being posed and the cost of hospitalization avoided, this should be done. However, there is little reason to perform noninvasive examinations that do not answer the clinical question being asked; hence, in many patients it is appropriate to proceed directly to coronary arteriography rather than to perform a variety of "screening" examinations before this procedure. PMID- 6979430 TI - Survival after coronary artery bypass surgery in specific patient groups. AB - The results of coronary bypass 5-10 years after operation at the Baylor College of Medicine are reported. The late results demonstrate that good relief of symptoms of angina pectoris persisted in 89% of patients at 10 years of follow up. An overall annual attrition rate of 3% has been fairly constant through 10 years of follow-up. Graft patency has declined at a rate of about 1% per year after the first year, with patency rates in the 5-10-year interval approaching 80%. Pathologic changes in the vein grafts of intimal proliferation or atherosclerosis appear to pose a limited threat to long-term patency. Although derived from an early experience in which perioperative mortality was relatively high and revascularization incomplete, these favorable long-term results are encouraging. PMID- 6979431 TI - Survival of coronary artery disease patients with stable pain and normal left ventricular function treated medically or surgically at Duke University. AB - We evaluated the survival rates of medically and surgically treated patients with one-, two- or three-vessel coronary disease (CAD), stable pain, and normal left ventricular function observed at the Duke University Medical Center over an 11 year period. There was no statistical difference in survival when medical and surgical treatment were compared in patients with one-, two- or three-vessel disease (greater than or equal to 75% vessel occlusion). However, the survival curve of patients with three-vessel disease treated surgically consistently exceeded that of those treated medically over a 7-year follow-up period. This difference was not statistically significant, but suggests the need for further study in this group. When patients with 50% or greater lesions in three vessels, stable angina and normal left ventricular function were evaluated, surgical survival was greater than medical survival, although the difference is not statistically significant. The survival in the Duke medical group is substantially higher than that reported for medical patients in the European Cooperative Trial, which suggests that the significant differences surgical in survival in the European Cooperative Trial were largely due to a lower medical survival than that in the Duke medical group. PMID- 6979433 TI - Aortocoronary bypass grafting: an internist's perspective. AB - Seven hundred fifty thousand to 1 million persons in this country have undergone aortocoronary bypass grafting since 1968, but many questions regarding the indications for the procedure and its advantages and disadvantages persist. Based on this surgical experience and on observations made during the last decade regarding nonoperative therapy and changes in the natural history of coronary heart disease, at least eight considerations should influence attitudes regarding the role of surgery: (1) The operation is a significant addition to the management of some patients with coronary heart disease. (2) The operative mortality in many centers is gratifyingly low. (3) Mortality from coronary heart disease in this country has declined strikingly during the past decade. (4) Because of the declining mortality from coronary heart disease, the prognosis of patients with the disease seen in 1980 is uncertain. (5) Coronary heart disease is a progressive disease and surgery does not prevent the progression of the disease in the native circulation. (6) Reports of therapeutic results, whether surgical or medical, are often biased toward the positive side. (7) Aortocoronary bypass does appear to postpone premature death in symptomatic patients with stenosis of the left main coronary artery, and possibly in symptomatic patients with three-vessel disease and modest impairment of left ventricular contractility. (8) Conclusions of meetings of "experts" regarding therapy may not by applicable to the country at large. The profession and the general public should be so informed. PMID- 6979432 TI - Comparison of survival of medically and surgically treated coronary disease patients in Seattle Heart Watch: a nonrandomized study. PMID- 6979434 TI - Changes in grafts and coronary arteries after saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass surgery: results at repeat angiography. AB - We studied the patency of saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass grafts in nonconsecutive and consecutive subgroups of our first 600 patients. The patency rates were 87-93% within 1 month and 74-85% approximately 1 year after surgery. The attrition rate of grafts averaged 2.2% per year between 1 and 6 years. Early occlusion was due to thrombosis; occlusion at 1 year was caused by fibrous intimal proliferation of grafts, which also led to variable reduction in caliber and to significant (greater than 50%) segmental stenoses in 5-15% of patent grafts. The most important determinant of graft patency at 1 year was the runoff capacity of the recipient arteries, followed by the quality of the surgical techniques. Late occlusion was related to atherosclerosis that became manifest only after at least 2 years. Coronary atherosclerosis progressed in more than 50% of proximal segments of grafted arteries during the first year, but little additional deterioration occurred between 1 and 6 years. During the first year, only 10% of preexisting stenoses in nongrafted arteries showed progression of disease; progression in these vessels increased to 46% at 6 years and was no longer different, for preexisting lesions greater than 50%, from that of grafted arteries. A close correlation was observed between changes in grafts and in coronary arteries and long-term survival or relief of angina. Ninety-four percent of patients with all grafts patent and 98% with an optimal correction were alive at 6 years compared with 70% of patients without patent grafts or surgical correction. Changes in grafts or coronary arteries were observed in two-thirds of patients in whom functional deterioration occurred between 1 and 6 years, compared with 18% in whom improvement persisted after surgery. PMID- 6979435 TI - Survival in subgroups of patients with left main coronary artery disease. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of Surgery for Coronary Arterial Occlusive Disease. AB - This report presents the 42-month survival experience of 91 patients with a significant lesion of the left main coronary artery in the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of Coronary Bypass Surgery. Survival in surgical patients was significantly better than that in the medical group (p = 0.016), even after adjustments were made for two important differences in baseline characteristics--duration of angina and high risk by angiographic criteria- between the two groups (p = 0.019). Subgroups based on severity of left main stenosis and on left ventricular (LV) function showed significant trends in favor of surgery in patients with more than 75% left main stenosis and in those with abnormal LV function. A similar but nonsignificant trend was seen in the two subgroups with 50-75% stenosis or with normal LV function. The surgical benefits were not significantly different between the categories of the subgroups defined separately by stenosis and LV function. Low-, middle- and high-risk subgroups based on four noninvasive clinical predictors also showed significantly improved survival with surgery in the high-risk group. The low-risk groups showed a slight, nonsignificant disadvantage with surgical treatment. These data support the view that patients with left main disease are not a homogeneous group. High- and low-risk subgroups with different outcomes and responses to treatment can be delineated by angiographic or clinical criteria. For most patients with left main disease, coronary artery bypass grafting offers improved longevity. PMID- 6979436 TI - Neuronal and adrenomedullary catecholamine release in response to cardiopulmonary bypass in man. AB - Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) alters systemic hemodynamics and affects several biochemical systems involved in cardiovascular regulation. We investigated the changes in levels of circulating epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) and related them to events during CPB. Twenty-eight patients undergoing various surgical procedures were studied. Plasma E and NE were determined by radioenzymatic assay at eight stages of the operation. A ninefold increase in arterial E (from 75 +/- 13 to 708 +/- 117.3 pg/ml) occurred from prebypass (stage 1) measurements to the end of aortic cross-clamping (stage 4). The values at stage 4 were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than at all other stages. E decreased rapidly, to 360 +/- 84.3 pg/ml, after myocardial and pulmonary reperfusion (stage 5). Arterial NE increased twofold from stage 1 to stage 4 (from 426 +/- 66.9 to 825 +/- 84.2, p less than 0.05). The increase in NE from initial CPB values (stage 2) to 30 minutes of aortic cross-clamping (stage 3) was associated with an increase in mean blood pressure (r = 0.51, p = 0.02). The peak increases in catecholamines occurred when the heart and lungs were excluded from the circulation, which suggests that either or both contributed to the increase. Because the increase in E was markedly greater than that in NE, the predominant humoral response to CPB appears to be adrenomedullary release of E. This significant increase in catecholamines could jeopardize myocardial protective measures during CPB. PMID- 6979437 TI - Clinical results of coronary bypass in 500 patients at least 10 years after operation. AB - We determined the outcome of coronary artery bypass surgery in 500 consecutive patients followed for at least 10 years after operation. There were 446 males (89.2%). Angina pectoris was the major indication for operation. Four hundred six patients (81%) had multivessel coronary artery disease and 348 (69.9%) had good left ventricular function. At 10 years of follow-up, 48% of patients were asymptomatic and 41% were improved. Propranolol was being used by 36% of patients and nitrates by 49%. Of the 355 patients younger than 65 years of age at the time of follow-up, 57% were employed full time and 24% were working part-time. Reoperation was performed in 9% of patients. Analysis of survival by Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that overall 10-year survival rates were 78% for one-vessel disease, 69% for two-vessel disease, 48% for three-vessel disease and 67% for left main coronary artery disease. For patients with good left ventricular function, the 10-year survival rates were 83% for one-vessel disease, 73% for two vessel disease, 53% for three-vessel disease and 73% for left main disease. For patients with poor left ventricular function, the rates were 56%, 59%, 40% and 54%, respectively. Cox multivariate analysis indicated that preoperative diuretic use, history of heart failure, the number of diseased vessels, and infarct on the preoperative ECG were all good predictors of survival. This study shows that the outcome of coronary artery bypass surgery 10 years operation is highly favorable. PMID- 6979439 TI - Blood velocity, flow and dimensions of aortocoronary venous bypass grafts in the postoperative state. AB - Intraoperative measurements have suggested an interrelation between the diameter of aortocoronary venous bypass (ACVB) grafts and the hemodynamic properties that may influence the functional results and long-term graft patency. We therefore studied the function of 35 nonobstructed ACVB grafts in 34 patients 1-59 months after bypass grafting. The mean blood velocity and flow were assessed using the roentgen videodensitometric technique. Graft diameters were obtained by morphometry from 35- or 70-mm cineangiograms taken in two orthogonal projections. The regional resistance of the graft-dependent area was calculated as mean aortic pressure/ACVB flow. The average graft diameter was 3.67 mm, the average graft-to host vessel diameter ratio 1.5, the average ACVB blood velocity 8.5 cm/sec, the average flow 55 ml/min, and the average regional resistance 2.8 mm Hg/ml/min. No significant differences were observed for different graft locations or for different postoperative time intervals. Neither ACVB blood velocity nor flow correlated convincingly with graft size, but there was a significant inverse relation between graft diameter and the resistance of the graft-dependent area. We conclude that ACVB hemodynamics generally cannot be predicted by the dimensions of the graft in the postoperative state. Our data suggest that venous bypass grafts may adjust in size to the needs of the myocardial region supplied by the graft after operation. PMID- 6979438 TI - Dimensional characteristics of left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - During coronary artery bypass grafting, 20 patients underwent epicardial placement of miniature ultrasonic dimension transducers across the minor-axis diameter of the left ventricle to monitor cardiac function postoperatively. Left atrial or left ventricular pressure was measured in all patients, and thermodilution cardiac outputs were obtained routinely. Data from 1, 6, 12 and 20 hours postoperatively were analyzed. Directional changes in systolic shortening of the left ventricular diameter correlated well with stroke volume measured by thermodilution techniques and could be used as an on-line index of cardiac output. In five patients who had preoperative abnormalities in wall motion, systolic bulging of the minor-axis diameter was seen initially after revascularization and then gradually resolved over the next 12 hours. Systolic bulging that did not resolve was the earliest indication of a perioperative myocardial infarction in another patient. The end-diastolic diameter increased progressively in all patients in the first 12 hours postoperatively and was associated with stabilization of cardiac function. This improvement in diastolic left ventricular filling was not reflected (p greater than 0.2) by changes in mean left atrial pressure. Therefore, ultrasonic assessment of left ventricular diameter is a simple, precise and safe method of monitoring systolic and diastolic ventricular function postoperatively. PMID- 6979440 TI - Risk factors related to progressive narrowing in aortocoronary vein grafts studied 1 and 5 years after surgery. AB - Factors related to late narrowing of aortocoronary vein grafts are poorly understood. Repeat aortocoronary bypass graft angiography was performed in 34 patients at 13 +/- 5 months and 61 +/- 13 months after surgery. In these patients, 61 of 65 grafts (94%) were patent at 1 year; at 5 years, 39 of these patent grafts (64%) remained unchanged, 21 (34%) had become progressively narrowed and one (2%) was totally occluded. There appeared to be no predilection for progression to occur at specific segments or in particular grafts: Eight of 28 left anterior descending (29%), seven of 17 right coronary artery (41%) and seven of 16 circumflex artery grafts (44%) (NS) showed further narrowing. Progressive graft narrowing occurred in 15 of 34 patients (44%). Risk factors (incidence of smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels) in these 15 patients were compared with those in the 19 patients whose grafts were unchanged between 1 and 5 years. The incidence of smoking, diabetes mellitus (fasting blood sugar greater than or equal to 110 mg % or 2-hour postprandial sugar greater than or equal to 140 mg %) and hypertension (systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg) were 46%, 27% and 33%, respectively, in the patients with progressive graft narrowing and 68%, 16%, 26% in the patients whose grafts were unchanged (NS). The average mean triglyceride levels were 617 +/- 785 mg % (+/- SD) and 195 +/- 86 mg %, respectively (p less than 0.05). The average mean cholesterol levels were 279 +/- 53 mg % and 234 +/- 35 mg %, respectively (p less than 0.01). In patients who have had aortocoronary bypass surgery, total graft occlusion is rare between 1 and 5 years after surgery. Progressive narrowing of grafts is common and appears to be associated with elevated blood lipids. PMID- 6979441 TI - Simultaneous myocardial revascularization and carotid endarterectomy. AB - Two methods for performing simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were compared in 73 patients. A technique for performing carotid endarterectomy during cardiopulmonary bypass providing hypothermic cerebral protection was used in 37 patients (group 1). The 36 other patients (group 2) underwent carotid endarterectomy immediately before cardiopulmonary bypass was instituted. The mean age, New York Heart Association functional class, ventricular function and extent of carotid disease were similar in the two groups. The proportion of patients with previous myocardial infarction or stroke was higher in group 1 (p less than 0.05). One permanent neurologic deficit (technical error) and one transient neurologic deficit occurred in group 1 and none in group 2 (NS). Twenty-seven patients (37%) had left main disease, compared with an institutional incidence of 14.2% for all coronary operations. Five of seven patients who died early (three in group 1 and four in group 2) had left main disease. No advantage of one method over the other could be demonstrated. Patients with left main coronary artery disease and carotid disease have an increased operative risk. PMID- 6979442 TI - Complement-mediated inhibition of immune precipitation. I. Role of the classical and alternative pathways. AB - This study has examined the mechanisms involved in complement-mediated inhibition of immune precipitation using radiolabelled BSA and rabbit anti-BSA. Purified proenzyme C1 was capable of maintaining the complexes in soluble form during the first few minutes of reaction whereas immune precipitation was immediate in the presence of purified C1q or C1 + EDTA (ethylenediamine tetra-acetate). In C1q deficient serum, initial immune aggregation was followed by partial solubilization of the formed precipitate similar to that obtained with normal human serum in the presence of Mg EGTA. In C2 deficient serum precipitation occurred at a slow rate. Repletion of the deficient component (C1q or C2 respectively) restored fully inhibition of precipitation. These experiments establish a critical role for the classical pathway, in this phenomenon. By contrast the role of the alternative pathway in maintaining complexes in solution was less important; only partial and delayed precipitation occurred in sera depleted of factor D (RD) or factor B (RB). B and D restored normal complement activity to depleted sera. No precipitation was detected in a reagent depleted of properdin (RP). The mechanisms of inhibition of precipitation are therefore distinct from those responsible for solubilization of an immune precipitate, which is largely dependent on the alternative pathway. PMID- 6979443 TI - Effects of various anti-inflammatory drugs on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats. AB - The effects of some commonly used anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic drugs on the inflammatory and immunological manifestations of type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats were studied. Among the anti-inflammatory drugs tested at a given dosage (mg/kg/day), benoxaprofen (10), aspirin (25) and indomethacin (3) inhibited the hind paw swelling and anti-type II collagen antibody formation in type II collagen-treated rats. Benoxaprofen also inhibited the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to type II collagen. Phenylbutazone (30) and fenoprofen (40) partially suppressed the paw swelling, but had no significant effect on humoral and cellular responses. Among the other anti-arthritic drugs, levamisol (25), chloroquine (25) and D-penicillamine significantly suppressed the paw swelling, anti-type II collagen antibody titres and DTH response. Gold chlorophosphene (10) and colchicine (3) had no effect on any of these three parameters. Paramethasone (0.1), cyclophosphamide (1) and azathioprine (10) were very effective when dosed daily, or once (at a different dose) 72 hr prior to immunization with type II collagen. PMID- 6979444 TI - The roles of leukaemic and residual normal cells in the proliferative response of chronic lymphocytic leukaemic lymphocytes to mitogens. AB - The proliferative response of lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) to the polyclonal activators, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) correlates inversely with the logarithm of the circulating lymphocyte concentration in vivo (P less than 0.001). This suggests that the response is due primarily to residual normal cells in the circulation. In support of this postulate, dilution of normal cells reproduced the effect and also induced a delayed response to PHA, which is found frequently with CLL lymphocytes. A combination of autoradiography and immunofluorescence microscopy identified both B and T cells in the responding population in similar proportions from both normal and CLL donors. These data demonstrate that the 3H-thymidine assay used in most mitogenic studies is not suitable alone for investigating the functional capacity of leukaemic lymphocytes in CLL and other diseases involving a gross perturbation of lymphocyte populations. PMID- 6979445 TI - Circulating antigen-antibody complexes in onchocerciasis. AB - The presence of circulating antigen-antibody complexes in the sera of patients with onchocerciasis was investigated using the Clq and conglutinin solid-phase binding assays. Only 50% of patients' sera had demonstrable complexes, levels of complexes were unrelated to microfilarial load and specific anti-onchocercal antibody titres and results with the two tests for complexes were not correlated. Both IgM- and IgG-containing complexes were commonly involved but there was no correlation between the levels of complexes containing these isotypes. Evidence for the presence of IgE in complexes of sera from a minority of individuals was also obtained. PMID- 6979446 TI - Immune function in patients with chromosome deletions. AB - Non-specific, cell-mediated and humoral immunity were evaluated in six patients with different autosomal deletions, and in two patients with X-chromosome deletions. Six had an increased number of bacterial, viral, and mycotic infections. Mild disturbances were found in the immunological functions of almost every patient. Granulocyte phagocytosis and killing of bacteria were normal in all patients. The chemotactic response was increased in two, and normal in the others. The responses to phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were normal in all patients and the response to concanavalin A was decreased in one patient. The lymphocyte response to purified protein derivative was decreased in the patients as a group when compared to the controls (P less than 0 . 005), but normal to oidiomycin. The number of acid-alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positive cells was low in four patients. One had a high titre of antinuclear and antithyroid antibodies. One had a low concentration of serum IgA, C3 and C4. One had a high concentration of IgM. Two had elevated levels of C3 and C4. Our results show that several different chromosomal deletions are associated with immunological abnormality. PMID- 6979447 TI - Peripheral blood T lymphocytes in patients with duodenal ulcers treated with cimetidine. AB - The influence of cimetidine on the numbers of circulating T lymphocytes was studied in 24 patients with duodenal ulcer treated with cimetidine. The patients were divided into two groups according to the way of cimetidine administration and T lymphocytes were measured during treatment. No significant difference in the numbers of T lymphocytes was found in both groups of patients suggesting that cimetidine given therapeutically has no effect on circulating T lymphocytes. PMID- 6979448 TI - B lymphocyte subset patterns and their significance in idiopathic glomerulonephritis. AB - The proportion of B lymphocyte subsets with surface immunoglobulin G (sIgG) was significantly increased in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN) and with sIgA in IgA nephropathy and MCGN, and with sIgE in MCNS. Increased subsets in membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy and MCGN corresponded to the immunoglobulins deposited in the glomeruli, and the increased subset of sIgE in MCNS was correlated with the elevation of serum IgE. These results suggest that each disease studied has a characteristic subset pattern of B lymphocyte response. This may have an important role in determining the histological type of idiopathic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6979449 TI - Complement-mediated solubilization of immune complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The capacity of complement-mediated solubilization of immune complexes (complex releasing activity: CRA) was studied in 63 sera from eight systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. CRA in sera of active SLE (35 +/- 17.%) was significantly lower than that of inactive SLE (64.1 +/- 24.1%, P less than 0.001). In addition, 20 of 23 sera collected during active diseases demonstrated CRA values less than 50% of the control pooled serum. On the other hand, CRA of 29 of 40 sera from inactive disease exceeded the 50% level. CRA in SLE sera correlated with complement component levels and in particular with the CH50. Serial determination of CRA and of levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC), C4 and C3 in two active patients indicated that the correlation between CRA and the complement components was positive, while that between CRA and CIC was negative. These studies provide evidence that CRA may be useful for following the activity of SLE and that CRA reflects the levels of the complement components of both classical and alternative pathways. The possibility that CIC may be solubilized and opsonized by complement and cleared by the reticuloendothelial system was discussed. PMID- 6979452 TI - Scintigraphic demonstration of acute gastrointestinal bleeding in a colonic interposition. PMID- 6979450 TI - Immune complexes with antiglobulin activity in sera of Moloney sarcoma-bearing rats. AB - Immune complexes (IC) were detected and isolated from the serum of Brown Norway (BN), (Lewis x BN)F1, and Lewis rats bearing a Moloney sarcoma (MST). IC were isolated from the serum of individual rats employing a system of G-200 chromatography and passage through a heavy chain specific anti-rat IgG Immunoadsorbent. IgG and IgM were identified in the isolated IC by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and co-precipitation radioimmunoassays. Employing monospecific antibodies, IC consisting of IgG and IgM were bound to Raji cells as assessed by radioimmunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence. Raji binding activity of IC-containing serum was substantially reduced by pretreatment with dithiothreitol or incubation with anti-rat IgM or pooled normal rat IgG: F(ab')2. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation under acid conditions dissociated IC into 7S IgG and 19S IgM components which recombined when co-incubated at pH 7 . 5. Viral antigens (gp70 and p30) were not detected in IC by PAGE and co precipitation radioimmunoassay. Findings show that sera of rats bearing MST contain IC consisting predominantly of immunoglobulin. An IgM component which was separated, isolated and identified within IC containing serum displays anti F(ab')2 reactivity. PMID- 6979451 TI - Immune complex-like activity associated with abnormal serum lipoproteins in systemic erythematosus. AB - Sera from four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were shown to contain abnormal lipoproteins which behaved as immune complexes (IC). One IC lipoprotein (IC VLDL) had the density in ultracentrifugation of very low density lipoprotein, but a markedly altered electrophoretic mobility. A second IC lipoprotein (IC LDL) had the electrophoretic mobility of very low density lipoprotein but was slightly denser than low density lipoprotein on ultracentrifugation. Both the IC VLDL and IC LDL contained IgG and behaved as IC in the Clq deviation test, platelet aggregation and rheumatoid factor inhibition assays, but not in the conglutinin and Clq binding assays and the Clq solid phase assay. These differences could be due to the low densities of the IC VLDL and IC LDL. The abnormal lipoprotein IC disappeared with clinical remission in two patients and were not present in the sera of other patients with inactive or mild SLE, Type IV hyperlipidaemia, or during prednisone therapy or plasma exchange for other conditions. These IC appeared to be markers of severe and active SLE. PMID- 6979453 TI - Evaluation of cefaclor in acute otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae. AB - Cefaclor was used to treat 13 children with acute otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant strains of Hemophilus influenzae. The children were re examined on days 4, 10, and 28. Pharmacologic compliance was assessed by means of a bioinhibition assay on a urine specimen obtained on days 4, 7, and 10. Nine of the 13 children had evidence by tympanogram of residual otitis media with effusion (secretory otitis media). Of these, three were noted to have a bulging, yellow or grey eardrum, which suggested an ongoing acute process. A second middle ear culture was obtained from two of the 3 children, but no pathogens were recovered. Two others had recurrence of otitis shortly after cessation of therapy. Cefaclor is an acceptable antibiotic for the treatment of ampicillin resistant acute otitis media; but, after cefaclor therapy, some children continued to have a bulging eardrum and sterile pus in the middle ear or had recurrences of otitis soon after cessation of therapy. PMID- 6979455 TI - Emission tomography in embolic lung disease: angiographic correlations. AB - The data from 84 patients with suspected embolic lung disease who underwent radionuclide section scanning of the chest is reported. All underwent additional conventional planar imaging; specific angiographic evidence of embolic disease was available in 12 cases. A good correlation between the section scans and angiography was obtained. Greater sensitivity in lesion detection was obtained by multiplane section imaging, which should reduce the number of diagnostic uncertainties in embolic lung disease. PMID- 6979454 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: the radiological features of pulmonary emphysema in subjects of Pi type Z and Pi type SZ: a survey by the British Thoracic Association. AB - In a multicentred survey of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, radiological details have been obtained in 165 subjects homozygous for Pi type Z and in 23 subjects heterozygous for type SZ. Eight-five per cent of all type Z subjects had radiological evidence of pulmonary emphysema which was commoner in smokers than in those who had never smoked and which predominantly affected the lower zones of the lungs; 66% of the type Z subjects identified through family studies also had emphysema. Emphysema in subjects of Pi type SZ was limited to those who had smoked; this phenotype may not carry a specific risk of emphysema. PMID- 6979456 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 6979459 TI - ADAMO: A data storage and retrieval system for clinical research. PMID- 6979460 TI - A computer program for reconstruction of images from a scanning gamma camera. AB - A program was written to convert the output of a scanning gamma camera into a whole body computer image which can then be used to study regional and whole body radiopharmaceutical localization. The electronically masked output of the camera is collected as a dynamic study on the computer with the time per frame set according to scan speed. The program overlays these frames onto a matrix in memory to form the image. The overlayed frame is incremented 1 pixel/frame in the direction of camera motion during camera scanning. The timing of camera motion is automatically determined by the program. Although written for a specific scanning gamma camera, the ideas inherent in the algorithm will allow the reconstruction of whole body images from other scanning cameras. PMID- 6979458 TI - Eruption time of primary teeth in Iraqi children. PMID- 6979457 TI - Soft tissue rheumatic pain. PMID- 6979461 TI - Successful repair of aortic rupture following coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 6979462 TI - Colonization of the gastric contents in critically ill patients. AB - In a study of 28 ventilated patients in the ICU, cimetidine was ineffective in maintaining gastric pH above 4. Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological examination of daily gastric aspirates showed that when the pH was above 4, there was rapid colonization with high counts of organisms, predominantly coliforms. Progressive colonization by yeasts, independent of pH, was noted in nearly one half of the patients. Gastric colonization has possible implications in terms of crossinfection of development of aspiration pneumonia. As these are seriously ill patients with compromised gastrointestinal (GI) barriers and decreased immunity, the large numbers of bacteria or their endotoxins may contribute to the high incidence of septicemia. PMID- 6979463 TI - Retrovirus lymphomagenesis: relationship of normal immune receptors to malignant cell proliferation. PMID- 6979464 TI - Regulation of lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation by lymphokines. PMID- 6979466 TI - Usual interstitial pneumonitis in infancy. Clinical and pathologic evaluation. AB - Interstitial lung disease is uncommon in infancy and childhood, and the long-term clinical and pathologic evolution of this entity in infants has not been published previously. We describe an infant with a steroid-sensitive chronic interstitial pneumonitis for which the clinical and histopathologic progression of the disease are presented. A family history of interstitial pneumonitis consistent with an autosomal dominant trait was present, and Pneumocystis carinii were found in the lung biopsy specimen. PMID- 6979465 TI - Immune deficiency disorders. PMID- 6979468 TI - Transpleural lung biopsy by the thoracoscopic route in patients with diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease. AB - Thoracoscopy was carried out in 81 cases of diffuse pulmonary disease in order to obtain lung tissue for biopsy. After we established artificial pneumothorax, the thoracoscope was introduced under local anesthesia, multiple biopsy specimens (theta 3 mm) were obtained under visual control, and an underwater sealed drain was left in place. The method was used to determine the cause of x-ray shadowing and respiratory distress in 26 immunocompromised patients. Within 2-48 hours, all biopsy specimens provided sufficient microbiologic and morphologic information to guide management, eg, specific antimicrobial drugs, decreasing or intensifying immunosuppression, or cytostatic therapy. Thoracoscopy was tolerated better than fiberoptic bronchoscopy, especially in hypoxic patients. Persisting or recurring pneumothoraces were seen in four patients and was not a major complication. In one very ill patient, the spleen was punctured accidentally before biopsy specimens were taken. Of 63 nonimmunocompromised patients, a histologic diagnosis was obtained in 57 (90 percent). In most of these patients, previous biopsy procedures had produced inconclusive results. Also in this group persisting or recurring pneumothoraces were seen in four patients, but closed eventually in a conservative way. PMID- 6979467 TI - Recovery of right ventricular function following repair of acute ventricular septal defect. AB - Ventricular septal defect is a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction with a high mortality rate. Right ventricular dysfunction, which frequently accompanies septal defect, can be due to several etiologies. We describe two cases of septal defect following infarction, with sequential studies of right and left ventricular function. Right ventricular infarction was found in both patients. Postoperatively, the right ventricular ejection fraction improved significantly. The pathophysiology and expectation for recovery are discussed. PMID- 6979469 TI - In defense of cryotherapy for hemorrhoids. A modified method. AB - The rationale of nonoperative hemorrhoid treatment, whether injection, ligation, or cryotherapy, consists of correction of prolapse and bleeding by the creation of submucosal fibrosis. Cryotherapy of hemorrhoids is most effective and has the least side effects when directed at the internal hemorrhoids only, at a high level, and in stages, each application being for a period of one minute only. A plan of treatment selection is presented, based on the stage of the hemorrhoids. The results of 528 treatment procedures are reported. PMID- 6979470 TI - Rubber band ligation of three primary hemorrhoids in a single session. A safe and effective procedure. AB - Rubber band ligation was used in 221 patients with first or second-degree hemorrhoids. All three primary hemorrhoids were ligated at a single out-patient session without anesthesia. Nineteen patients were lost to follow up. For the 202 patients under review, the follow up period ranged from three to 39 months with a mean of 18.4 months and median of 17 months. Excellent or good results were obtained in 183 patients (90.6 per cent). Moderate to severe pain was noticed by 58 patients (28.7 per cent). Further banding was required in 28 patients (13.9 per cent) and hemorrhoidectomy in six patients (3 per cent). The overall complication rate resulting from the treatment procedure was 3.5 per cent. PMID- 6979471 TI - Correlations between defined sigmoidoscopic appearances and other measures of disease activity in ulcerative colitis. AB - It has been widely assumed that the activity of ulcerative colitis is related to differences in mucosal appearances seen at sigmoidoscopic examination. We have tested this assumption by making comparisons of the symptoms and clinical signs associated with three reproducible appearances of the rectal mucosa. By cross tabulating 222 observations of each of 10 symptoms and signs with these sigmoidoscopic appearances it has been shown that the subdivision of hemorrhagic mucosae into those which bleed spontaneously and those which bleed only on light touching or scraping is meaningful clinically. Sigmoidoscopic appearances seemed to correlate better with clinical disease activity than histological assessment, even when quantitative, of mucosal biopsies. On the basis of this study, four variables have been suggested which, in addition to the sigmoidoscopic appearances, could form the basis of regular clinical assessment or scoring. PMID- 6979472 TI - [Damaging action of light on the retina: the participation of singlet oxygen and lipid peroxides]. PMID- 6979473 TI - Zomepirac (Zomax). PMID- 6979474 TI - [Cimetidine and Granulocytopenia]. PMID- 6979475 TI - [Treatment of initial urinary tract infection in children with cotrifamole and cotrimoxazole. A double-blind study]. AB - 28 children with initial episodes of urinary tract infection were treated with cotrimoxazole or cotrifamole (dose ratio 3 : 2) for 14 days in a prospective randomized double blind trial. The two groups did not differ as regards clinical signs. The efficacy and cure rates of each regimen were similar. Laboratory studies (hemoglobin, WBC, liver, and renal function) showed no differences between both groups before and after therapy; an alteration of the laboratory values could not be observed during therapy. The number of children with X-ray abnormalities of kidneys and urinary tract was similar in both groups. During an observation time of up to 12 months after the first urinary tract infection no differences in the number of reinfections and relapses were observed. As a result of this study, we recommend cotrifamole in a lower dose (ratio 2 : 3) than cotrimoxazole for the treatment of urinary tract infection. PMID- 6979477 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in an African male infant. PMID- 6979476 TI - [Aortoiliac prosthesis as a cause of intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6979481 TI - Light-related morphological changes of outer segment membranes from lamellae to tubules and two kinds of wavy configurations in the frog visual cells. PMID- 6979478 TI - Humoral and cell-mediated immune status in mice exposed to chloral hydrate. AB - Chloral hydrate has been found in our drinking water supplies at levels up to 5 micrograms/1. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional status of the immune system in random-bred CD-1 mice exposed to chloral hydrate for 14 and 90 days. Male mice, following 14 or 90 days of exposure to 1/10 and 1/100 the actual oral LD50, exhibited no alterations in either humoral or cell-mediated immunity. However, female mice exposed for 90 days to chloral hydrate in the drinking water demonstrated a significant depression in humoral immune function. This depression was observed when spleen cells from exposed mice were evaluated for their ability to produce antibody against sheep erythrocytes. These females did not demonstrate any changes in cell-mediated immune status. PMID- 6979480 TI - Effects of benoxaprofen on the inflammatory, humoral and cellular components of type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats. AB - The effects of benoxaprofen and some other anti-inflammatory drugs on the inflammatory, cellular, and humoral components of type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats were studied. At the given dosage (mg/kg/day), benoxaprofen (10), aspirin (25), and indomethacin (3) inhibited the hindpaw swelling and development of anti-type II collagen antibodies in collagen-treated rats. Benoxaprofen also inhibited the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to collagen. Phenylbutazone (30) failed to show significant effect on these parameters. The treatment of rats with benoxaprofen throughout the test period or during days 14 to 28 was more effective than the treatment in the initial phases only. PMID- 6979482 TI - Inhibition of pontine omnipauser neurons in the cat by 5-hydroxytryptophan. PMID- 6979483 TI - The potential of B lymphocytes for isotype expression. AB - The isotypes secreted by the progeny of individual antigenically stimulated murine B cells were studied to determine the extent to which B cells exhibit class commitment. The study includes an analysis of B lymphocytes at different maturational states as well as an analysis of B cells selected on the basis of their surface isotype. All B cell subsets were analyzed under optimal stimulation conditions by the T-dependent splenic focus assay. From these studies it was found that the majority of B cells are not committed to a particular isotype that on antigenic stimulation would give rise to all progeny that secrete solely the one immunoglobulin class. The results indicate that the major influence attributable to the B cells themselves with regard to isotype commitment stems from the maturational state of the B cell. Thus, immature B cells from fetal liver and spleen give rise to clones secreting IgM and/or IgA, but not IgG; secondary B cells that lack surface mu appear unable to produce IgM-secreting clones on stimulation. However, most mature B cells (both primary and secondary) have the potential to give rise to clones secreting multiple immunoglobulin classes including IgE. Therefore, the predominant form of regulation regarding isotype expression is more likely to be controlled at the T cell level rather than separate lineages of B cells committed to a particular isotype prior to antigenic exposure. PMID- 6979484 TI - Lymphocyte studies in Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 6979486 TI - [Cancer of the digestive system. IV. Advances in the radiological diagnosis of tumors of the digestive system]. PMID- 6979479 TI - Gastric microbleeding studies in patients with haemophilia taking benoxaprofen. AB - The incidence of peptic ulceration and gastrointestinal blood loss in patients treated with benoxaprofen is low. Haemophiliac patients frequently suffer recurrent bleeding into their joints with resulting severe arthritis. Their choice of drugs for pain relief and with anti-inflammatory action is limited because of the risk of gastro-intestinal bleeding. Accordingly, four patients with haemophilia had 20 ml of their blood labelled with Chromium51 and 10 ml were reinjected. They were given placebo tablets orally for one week, with a carmine marker at tne end of the placebo period, followed by 300 mg of benoxaprofen daily for a further two weeks. Gastrointestinal blood loss was estimated by daily faecal collections measured for radiochromium. No significant gastrointestinal blood loss was noted in either the placebo or benoxaprofen periods of the trial. This drug can reasonably be regarded as safe to use in haemophiliac patient with arthritis. PMID- 6979485 TI - Screening for the small-for-dates: a clinical and biochemical appraisal. AB - To find an effective routine screening method for small-for-dates (SFD) infants 500 consecutive patients were recruited at one antenatal clinic. Weight gain during pregnancy, daily fetal movements counts (DFMC) and plasma schwangerschafts protein 1 (Sp1) levels were measured and their efficacy in identifying SFD infant compared. Mothers delivered of SFD infants had a significantly lower weekly weight gain (P less than 0.01) but no significant difference in either DFMC or plasma Sp 1 level. This study shows that epidemiological and clinical data which are inexpensive and easily available at the antenatal clinic are more valuable than more complicated and expensive assays in the prediction of SFD infants. PMID- 6979487 TI - [Degree of portal hypertension and risk of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979488 TI - Hepatobiliary scanning in hemobilia-induced acute cholecystitis. AB - Radionuclide scanning of the hepatobiliary tree is highly accurate for the detection of patients with acute cholecystitis. Hemobilia, a rare complication of percutaneous liver biopsy, may result in blood clots within the biliary canaliculi. Such clots, like gallstones, may occlude the ducts and produce a clinical syndrome indistinguishable from acute cholecystitis. A patient with acute cholecystitis resulting from hemobilia following percutaneous biopsy of the liver is described. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis secondary to blood clots was made with technetium 99mTc Iprofenin (Pipida [Sn]) scintigraphy. The patient was treated conservatively, and follow-up Pipida scan 6 weeks later demonstrated normal hepatobiliary function. PMID- 6979489 TI - An evaluation of 99mTc-labeled red blood cell scintigraphy for the detection and localization of gastrointestinal bleeding sites. AB - 99mTechnetium-labeled red blood cell scintigraphy was performed upon 39 patients with clinical evidence for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding from an unknown source. Seventeen of 39 patients (44%) had a scan became positive 6 or more h after injection, consistent with intermittent bleeding, in 8 of 17 patients (47%). In the 11 patients in whom the bleeding site was definitely identified by arteriography, surgery, or colonoscopy, scintigraphy correctly localized the bleeding site in 10 of 11 patients (91%). Four of 11 patients (36%) had an active bleeding site identified by arteriography. Ten of 17 patients (58%) with a positive scan required either gelfoam embolization (4 patients) or surgery (6 patients) to control the bleeding, whereas only 1 of 22 patients (5%) required surgery when the scan was negative. Six deaths occurred in the scan-positive patients compared with no deaths in the scan-negative patients. None of the 8 patients who had arteriography and no active bleeding site by scintigraphy had arteriographically demonstrable active bleeding. Scintigraphy provides a reliable noninvasive test to screen patients in whom arteriography is being considered to localize active bleeding sites. If the arteriogram is negative, the scintigraphic findings alone may guide the surgical or arteriographic intervention. In addition, scintigraphy identifies two patient populations which have considerably different morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6979491 TI - An advance in identification and localization of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6979492 TI - Bleeding from gastric angiodysplasia post aortic valve replacement. PMID- 6979490 TI - Intraepithelial lymphocyte count and crypt hyperplasia measure the mucosal component of the graft-versus-host reaction in mouse small intestine. AB - We have used measurements of intestinal epithelial cell kinetics and counts of intraepithelial lymphocytes and mucosal mast cells to measure small intestinal mucosal changes during the proliferative and recovery phases of graft-vs.-host reaction in neonatal mice. Unirradiated (CBA x BALB/c)F1 mice were injected with parental spleen cells or with culture medium at 6-8 days of age, and followed up for 9 wk thereafter. The spleen index was used as a measure of the graft-vs.-host reaction, a stathmokinetic technique with microdissection was used to measure villus and crypt lengths and crypt cell production rate, and intraepithelial lymphocytes and mucosal mast cells were counted in histologic sections. Intraepithelial lymphocyte count rose within 24 h of induction of the graft-vs. host reaction and increases in crypt length and in crypt cell production rate occurred within 3 days. These indices exactly parallel the spleen index during the proliferative phase of the graft-vs.-host reaction and the changes occurred in the absence of any villus damage. Mucosal mast cell numbers also increased, but the rise was delayed and sustained when compared with other mucosal changes. These results show that measurements of mucosal architecture and intraepithelial lymphocyte counts can be used to quantify mucosal cell-mediated immune reactions. In addition, this study provides further evidence to support our hypothesis that the mechanism of these changes is due to a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the intestinal mucosa rather than to the action of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6979493 TI - Postpolypectomy hemorrhage managed by chemical cautery. PMID- 6979494 TI - Partial characterization of Frog (Rana catesbeiana) hepatic glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 6979495 TI - What are the indications for a coronary bypass? PMID- 6979497 TI - Oesophageal varices treated by sclerotherapy: a histopathological study. AB - Of 31 cases of haemorrhage from oesophageal varices treated by sclerotherapy eight came to necropsy. The oesophagus and proximal stomach were studied by means of a serial block technique and the histopathological findings in each case were recorded on two full-scale maps: one representing superficial tissues including the submucosa and the other the deeper tissues. The patterns of thrombosis, ulceration, necrosis, and fibrosis were studied in relation to the time interval since injection. Thrombosis and tissue necrosis were present within 24 hours of sclerotherapy, ulceration after seven days, and fibrosis after a month. Fibrosis was sometimes associated with stricture formation, which readily responded to dilatation. Patients with fibrosis had a reduced incidence of rebleeding. PMID- 6979496 TI - HLA B8 and granuloma formation in Crohn's disease. AB - In a retrospective survey, patients with Crohn's disease who were HLA B8 were found to have significantly fewer granulomas in rectal biopsies (p less than 0.002) and in resected bowel specimens (p less than 0.02) than non-HLA B8 patients. No statistically significant difference was found between HLA B12 and non-B12 patients. This in vivo evidence of differing immune response capabilities between HLA B8 and non-HLA B8 individuals is compatible with previously reported in vitro studies. Despite these differences, the clinical manifestations and disease course of the two groups of patients was similar, suggesting that neither the presence of HLA B8 nor the development of granuloma directly influence the course of Crohn's disease. PMID- 6979498 TI - [Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of alpha-(p thenoylphenyl)-propionic acid (TN-762) (author's transl)]. AB - We reported in our previous paper that TN-762, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, has marked inhibitory activity on acute experimental inflammation. In this paper, the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of TN-762 were assessed in animal models, and compared with those of indomethacin, ketoprofen and ibuprofen. TN-762 inhibited the sustained paw edema induced by mustard in rats during administration for 3 days, but after final administration, the inhibitory activity was decreased rapidly and was less then that of ketoprofen and indomethacin. TN-762 also inhibited the proliferation of granuloma induced by means of cotton pellet and granuloma pouch methods, and the adjuvant arthritis in rats. The inhibitory activity of the compound on inflammatory proliferation was more potent than that of ibuprofen, but slightly less than that of ketoprofen and less than about 1/10 times that of indomethacin. Indomethacin markedly inhibited the body weight gain at a high dose, while TN-762 did not affect it. Therefore, TN-762 was proven to have an inhibitory effect on subacute and chronic inflammation at low doses without toxic effects, but the compound appeared to have a less of an inhibitory effect on secondary or late stages of inflammation than on primary stage inflammation. TN-762 inhibited the acute paw edema induced by nystatin, and the inhibitory activity was the same as that of ketoprofen and indomethacin. The pathogenesis of nystatin edema has been considered to be due to lysosomal labilization. This result suggests that TN-762 has a potent membrane stabilizing action which is considered to be one of the necessary mechanisms in anti-inflammatory action. On the other hand, TN-762 showed the same potent analgesic effect as ketoprofen and indomethacin as observed by the acetic acid writhing and modified Haffner's methods in mice and by the Randall-Selitto's method in rats. However the antipyretic effect of TN-762 was significantly less than that of ketoprofen and indomethacin. PMID- 6979499 TI - [Thrombocyte function inhibition and anticoagulation in coronary, cerebral and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. 1. Pathogenesis, prevention, therapy]. PMID- 6979500 TI - [Left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease before and after aorto-coronary bypass surgery at rest and during bicycle ergometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979501 TI - Exercise testing in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. AB - Exercise testing, after having established the indication (Tables 1 and 2) is not only an important method for detection of coronary artery disease, it also enables delineation of exercise capacity and permits assessment of medical and surgical treatment. A subnormal increase in heart rate or blood pressure, or even a decrease in blood pressure, during exercise may frequently be found in patients with known coronary artery disease or in those at high risk of developing subsequent coronary events. Downsloping ST segment depression is highly specific for the presence of coronary artery disease; the specificity of upsloping ST segment depression can be increased on requiring this pattern to consist of a 2 mm depression 0.08 s beyond the J point. Consideration of the QTc interval may also be useful in patients with upsloping ST segment depression. Marked ST segment depression and early onset of ST segment depression during exercise is related to increasing severity of the disease while the duration of ST segment depression bears no certain relevance. ST segment elevation may be associated with transmural myocardial ischemia, left ventricular aneurysm or variant angina. An increase in the R wave amplitude appears indicative of multiple vessel disease, while a reduction in septal Q wave amplitude is suggestive of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. The current concept of testing asymptomatic patients for coronary artery disease has low predictive value. Post myocardial infarction exercise testing is an objective method for evaluation of prognosis and guiding management. In the assessment of the results of aorto coronary bypass surgery, the finding of persistent angina and/or ST segment depression during exercise is indicative of residual ischemia; normalization of the exercise ECG in the presence of a high-level exercise capacity is usually associated with good coronary perfusion. In order to provide maximum diagnostic utility, exercise testing must take into consideration other clinical findings as well as the prevalence of disease in the respective population. With respect to the coronary angiographic findings as well as the incidence of coronary events, the predictive value of exercise testing may be notably increased on consideration of multiple clinical and exercise variables. The exercise test has evolved into a clinically important noninvasive method for the evaluation of the functional aspects of the heart. PMID- 6979502 TI - PET scan research spreads to Illinois. PMID- 6979503 TI - Anemias in the elderly: physiologic or pathologic? PMID- 6979505 TI - Genetic models of B cell differentiation. PMID- 6979504 TI - Colonic ectasias and lower intestinal bleeding. PMID- 6979506 TI - Inhibition of human lymphocyte blastogenesis by C3: the role of serum in the tissue culture medium. AB - Preparations of the third component of human complement (C3) inhibit human lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens and antigens when cultured in serum free medium or in medium supplemented with 5% autologous serum (AS). In contrast, when the culture medium was supplemented with 5% foetal calf serum (FCS), C3 failed to inhibit responses to mitogen (concanavalin A) or to antigen (streptolysin O); some FCS lots allowed stimulation rather than inhibition of the lymphocyte responses. Moreover, when lymphocytes were cultured in serum containing equal amounts of FCS and AS, no inhibition was seen. Our findings may explain previous studies which suggest that C3 enhances or has no effect on lymphocyte responses. PMID- 6979507 TI - Short lived, dividing cells mediate adoptive transfer of immunity to Trichinella spiralis in mice. I. Availability of cells in primary and secondary infections in relation to cellular changes in the mesenteric lymph node. AB - After a primary infection with the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis NIH mice showed a short lived increase in cellularity of the mesenteric lymph node (MLN), which began between days 2 and 4 peaked at day 8 and had declined by day 21. The majority of cells contributing to this increase were Ig-ve and presumed to be T cells. Coincident with the increase in cell number there was an increase in lymphoblast activity, again largely in the T-cell fraction. MLN cells taken at intervals from mice during a primary infection successfully transferred immunity, i.e. accelerated worm expulsion in recipients, on days 4 and 8, but not on day 21. It was shown that the effective cells in transferring immunity were present in the T-enriched fraction. When mice were present in the T-enriched fraction 21 days after a primary infection the same sequence of changes was apparent in the MLN, but the time course was accelerated, i.e. peak cellularity and lymphoblast activity occurred on day 4 post challenge. Cells capable of transferring immunity were present in the MLN on days 2 and 4 post challenge but not thereafter. As in the primary infection the effective cells, and those responsible for the cellular changes in the MLN, were T cells. PMID- 6979508 TI - Short lived, dividing cells mediate adoptive transfer of immunity to Trichinella spiralis in mice. II. In vivo characteristics of the cells. AB - The in vivo characteristics of mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) capable of mediating the adoptive transfer of immunity to Trichinella spiralis have been examined. Mediator cells were diverted into the peritoneal cavity of infected donor mice following the induction of a peritoneal exudate and its was shown that these were nylon-wool, non-adherent (T) cells. After density gradient separation of [125I]-UdR-labelled MLNC, the fractions that were most effective in transferring immunity were those containing a small proportion of cells but the largest proportion of incorporated activity. Treatment of the donors of MLNC with the mitotic inhibitor vinblastine effectively prevented both the transfer of immunity and increased incorporation of [125I]-UdR characteristic of the mediator population. In vitro irradiation of MLNC failed to affect their ability to transfer immunity. Collectively these findings support the conclusion that mediator cells are T lymphoblasts, and suggest that mediation of immunity is effected directly by this population and not by their progeny. PMID- 6979510 TI - Cirrhosis other than ICC in infants and children: a histopathological study. PMID- 6979509 TI - Role of H-2 antigens in the host response to methylcholanthrene-induced tumors. AB - H-2 loss variant sublines of a sarcoma (M-AS), induced by methylcholanthrene in an (A x A.SW)F1 mouse, were used to study the role of the MHC products in the recognition of MC-TSTA. The two reciprocal variant sublines (M-A and M-S) were found to express the TSTA of the original tumor as shown by cross-reactions in graft rejection experiments performed in (A x A.SW)F1 mice. In the A/Sn and A.SW mice the presence of the reciprocal parental H-2 antigens on the immunizing cells decreased the response against the tumor antigens. An admixture of lymphocytes derived from hyperimmune mice inhibited the outgrowth of the tumor cells. The growth inhibition was mediated by T cells and was H-2 restricted. Cells derived from hyperimmune immunization but had no effect on the reciprocal variant subline. PMID- 6979511 TI - Outer membrane protein and biotype analysis of pathogenic nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The techniques of biotype determination and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of outer membrane protein preparations were applied to 35 epidemiologically unrelated isolates of pathogenic nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. Three of five isolates obtained from the blood of unrelated newborns with sepsis had concordant major outer membrane from the blood of unrelated older children or adults with bacteremia had concordant major outer membrane protein profiles, distinct from the common profile of neonatal strains, and were biotype II. The outer membrane protein profiles of the remaining 5 isolates from blood, 2 isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, and 23 isolated from middle ear aspirates of children with otitis media were unique, although each isolate had peptides with apparent molecular weights of 16,000 and 31,500. These results suggest that a subset of nontypable isolates associated with bacteremia has distinctive strain markers. Their pathogenicity may relate to a prediction for colonizing the female genital tract in the case of the common neonatal strain or an increased ability to evade host defenses. PMID- 6979512 TI - Cytotoxic T cells are induced in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strains of markedly different pathogenicities. AB - The ability of two lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus substrains to induce cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in intracerebrally infected mice was examined. One strain, designated A (aggressive), provoked a convulsive type of death in 100% of the mice within 8 to 9 days, whereas the other strain, designated D (docile), killed less than 10% of the mice during 28-day observation periods. CTL activity was assessed by the capacity of partially purified splenocytes to lyse 51Cr-labeled L-cell targets infected with either type of lymphocytic choriomeningitis substrain. The CTL population was identified by its sensitivity to anti-Thy-1 serum and its inability to lyse uninfected target cells or infected target cells with which it differed at the level of antigens controlled by the major histocompatibility gene complex. A strong CTL response developed in mice infected with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis substrain, although the activity provoked by substrain D was somewhat less than that seen after substrain A infection. Peak CTL activities induced by both strains occurred at about the same time. Even though docile virus replicated more extensively in the brain than did aggressive virus and fluorescent antibody staining revealed similar distributions of viral antigen, no inflammatory response was noted in the brains of mice infected with docile virus. These results are discussed with regard to the role of CTLs in mediating classic central nervous system pathology. PMID- 6979513 TI - In vitro immunological activities of the polysaccharide fraction from Haemophilus influenzae type a endotoxin. AB - Mild hydrolysis of Haemophilus influenzae type a lipopolysaccharide by ion exchangers in the presence of chloroform, to remove the lipid moiety, yielded a nontoxic and immunogenic polysaccharide fraction. This polysaccharide selectively triggered murine B lymphocytes in vitro: (i) it induced enhancement of thymidine incorporation and stimulated antibody secretion in cultures of normal and nude mouse spleen cells; (ii) it did not stimulate splenic T lymphocytes; (iii) the activation of B lymphocytes was not absolutely dependent on the presence of macrophages. Sepharose 4B gel filtration showed that this polysaccharide consisted at least of two fractions: PS I (molecular weight [MW] 10(6)) and PS II (MW 10(4)). Only PS I was found to act as a polyclonal B cell activator. EDTA treatment dissociated the polysaccharide into PS III (MW 10(6)) and PS IV (MW 10(4)), which was not reassembled after the addition of 0.02 M CaCl2. Both fractions PS III and PS IV were unable to stimulate B lymphocytes. The immunological active fraction of H. influenzae polysaccharide is PS I. This fraction consists of a high-molecular-weight group (10(6)) and an association of 10(4)-MW aggregated units. PMID- 6979514 TI - Specificity of a mycoplasma mitogen for lymphocytes from human and various animal hosts. AB - Spleen lymphocytes from Lewis and Buffalo rats and peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 human donors exhibited high levels of transformation when exposed to Mycoplasma arthritidis supernatants. In contrast, spleen lymphocytes from rabbits and guinea pigs and peripheral blood lymphocytes from sheep and calves failed to transform when exposed to M. arthritidis supernatants. The lymphocytes from all hosts were transformed in the presence of phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A or both Serological studies failed to provide evidence that the responding hosts were presensitized against M. arthritidis antigens. PMID- 6979515 TI - Kinetics of immunoglobulin M and G responses of nude and normal mice to Trypanosoma musculi. AB - A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was designed to measure the kinetics of Trypanosoma musculi-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG responses in mice. Serum was obtained from congenitally athymic (nude) mice, their phenotypically normal, thymus-bearing littermates (NLM), and thymus cell repaired nude mice (Nu-TC) at 6-day intervals throughout T. musculi parasitemia. NLM mice were shown to effect an antibody response to T. musculi that included an IgM to IgG shift and was correlated in time with reduction of parasite reproduction and stabilization of parasitemia. Nude mice were shown to effect a T. musculi-specific IgM response similar in onset and magnitude to that in NLM mice; this response was correlated in time with stabilization of parasitemia. Nu TC mice were shown to effect IgM and IgG responses to T. musculi similar in time and magnitude to those in NLM mice. In marked contrast to NLM mice, Nu-TC mice did not exhibit suppression of T. musculi-specific IgM production after the IgM to IgG shift in response to this parasite. PMID- 6979516 TI - Murine respiratory mycoplasmosis in F344 and LEW rats: evolution of lesions and lung lymphoid cell populations. AB - By comparison of two strains, LEW and F344, which are known to differ in susceptibility to Mycoplasma pulmonis respiratory disease, it was shown that differences in lesion severity and progression were associated with changes in lung lymphocyte populations. Lung lesions in LEW rats developed earlier after infection, became more severe, and were characterized by continued proliferation of all classes of lymphoid cells, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and plasma cells, throughout the 120-day observation period. In contrast, lymphoid proliferation in F344 rats reached a plateau at 28 days and was restricted to an increase in T lymphocytes, immunoglobulin A (IgA)-bearing B lymphocytes, and IgA and IgG plasma cells. Although approximately 10 times as many IgG B cells and 4 times as many IgG plasma cells were found in infected LEW rats as compared with F344 rats, the specific anti-M. pulmonis IgG response in the two strains was roughly parallel. The same relationships held true, although to a lesser extent, for specific IgA antibody responses and cellular responses. Whereas lung lesions showed a tendency to resolve in F344 rats by 120 days, severe lesions persisted in LEW rats. The disparity between the cellular response and specific antibody response, the seemingly uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation in LEW rats, and the mitogenic potential of M. pulmonis suggest that differences between LEW and F344 rats in lung lesion severity and progression are related to differences in the degree of nonspecific lymphocyte activation in the two strains, an imbalance in regulation of lymphocyte proliferation in LEW rats, or both. PMID- 6979519 TI - A micromethod for the detection of Tg and Tm cells. Technical aspects for the enumeration of human T-cell subpopulations. AB - A rosette technique for the detection of human T-lymphocyte subpopulations with Fc receptors for IgG (TG cells) or IgM (TM cells) has been worked out using minimal amounts of IgG and IgM antibodies. Antibody-coated ox red blood cells (EA) were used as indicator cells. Optimal conditions for rosette enumerations required intimate T-cell-EA contact and incubation of cell mixtures for 3 h at 4 degrees C. The TM-cell level increased after culture of T cells, and TM-cell rosettes were found to be more fragile. The rosette assay was found to be reproducible and thus useful in clinical immunology. PMID- 6979517 TI - Experimental otitis media in gerbils and chinchillas with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. AB - To ascertain the usefulness of Mongolian gerbils as an inbred model for otitis media, 52 Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus, strain MONT/Tum) were compared with 26 chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger) for susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3. Haemophilus influenzae type b, and a polymicrobic culture including anaerobes (Streptococcus intermedius, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Corynebacterium sp.). Organisms were inoculated percutaneously into the superior chamber of the middle ear bulla. The gerbils and chinchillas shared similar susceptibilities and responses to the inoculated organisms as determined by X-ray, otoscopic, histopathological, and microbiological determinations at 5 to 7 days. Koch's postulate studies proved the role of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in the pathology found in both animal models. The animals were also susceptible to the polymicrobic culture, although the relative virulence of the individual members of this mixture was low, suggesting that these species potentiated as a polymicrobic mixture. The Corynebacterium sp. appeared to elicit the greatest histopathological response in chronic (8-week) studies in gerbils. The gerbils were found to be useful as an alternative animal model for the study of otitis media of bacterial etiology. PMID- 6979518 TI - [Occupational health studies on airport transport workers. III. Musculoskeletal complaints and orthopedic disorders of airport transport workers (author's transl)]. AB - In an epidemiologic cross-sectional study, 366 transport workers (age-range: 19 61 years) of a big German airport who are engaged in physical heavy work in unfavorable body positions in narrow freight spaces of airplanes, were investigated with regard to their subjective musculoskeletal complaints through a standardized anamnesis in an interview questionnaire. An additional clinical orthopedic examination was performed in 104 of the transport workers. Back pains were the most frequently reported complaints: at the time of examination 66% of the transport workers reported present back complaints. 57% had experienced previous back syndromes. Increasing age and stature were associated with a higher prevalence of these complaints. Years of exposure to transport work correlated positively with the prevalence of back complaints. After back complaints, knee complaints followed in the prevalence of locomotor complaints (41% of the interviewed workers). The prevalence increased with age and body weight significantly. Neck complaints were reported by 33% of the workers, arm complaints by 41%: again, age increased the prevalence of these complaints significantly. In the standardized clinical orthopedic examination, the prevalence of the functional findings were sometimes higher than in the interview. In contrast to the subjective complaints at the interview, individual factors (age, stature, weight, and work experience in the present occupation) had very little influence on the prevalence of objective findings. The clinical, epidemiologic screening methods employed have proved efficacious in detecting orthopedic disorders in an occupational collective. This study has shown that transport workers with wide discrepancies between body length and the space available in airplane cargo bellies, considerable overweight, or a history of former back syndromes should not be employed. Means to alter cargo belly dimensions in airplanes as well as the increased use of mechanical loading aids and additional training of the workers in proper lifting and carrying of cargo should be taken in to consideration. PMID- 6979522 TI - Tumor enhancing T lymphocytes in mice: further studies on characteristics and mechanism of activity. AB - In order to test the possibility that tumor-enhancing T lymphocytes can suppress other lymphoid cells, such as those with anti-tumor activity, their effect was tested in an allogeneic response of cell-mediated lysis. Normal thymocytes and spleen cells from mice with advanced tumors, two populations which enhance the growth of solid tumors, both suppressed the generation of CML. Since these results suggest that the mechanism of enhancement by T cells may resemble suppression in other immune responses, we looked for Fc receptors on the sensitized cells involved in tumor enhancement. Cells expressing Fc receptors appeared to be necessary for enhancement of tumor growth to occur. PMID- 6979521 TI - Lymphotoxin enhances the susceptibility of neoplastic and preneoplastic cells to natural killer cell mediated destruction. AB - Treatment of neoplastic guinea-pig cells for 1-14 days with 300 units of guinea pig lymphotoxin/ml medium enhanced 2- to 5-fold their susceptibility to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity as measured by 4 h 51Cr and 72 h [3H] thymidine-release assays. The NK susceptibility of human neoplastic and guinea pig non-neoplastic cells refractory to guinea-pig lymphotoxin growth-inhibitory activity was unchanged after lymphotoxin treatment. Lymphotoxin preparations were free of detectable interferon and the enhancing activity copurified with lymphotoxin during diafiltration and isoelectric focusing. Treatment of NK cells with lymphotoxin preparations also augmented NK-mediated lysis but that activity did not copurify with lymphotoxin. As with neoplastic cells, lymphotoxin sensitive preneoplastic cells previously treated with ultraviolet light, a chemical carcinogen, or carcinogen and the tumor-promoting agent tetradecanoylphorbol-acetate also exhibited lymphotoxin enhancement to NK-cell destruction. Thus, the immunologic hormone lymphotoxin enhances the susceptibility of lymphotoxin-sensitive cells to NK-cell destruction, indicating that these two natural immune mediators, lymphotoxin and NK cells, have the potential in concert to regulate carcinogenesis and neoplastic growth. PMID- 6979520 TI - Evidence for cohort or generational differences in the drinking behavior of older adults. AB - Data from a survey of 928 older Bostonians show that there is a negative correlation between age and alcohol consumption among older adults: i.e., "old old" people- those who are seventy-five years old or older-are more likely to abstain and less likely to drink in any quantity than the "younger-old"-those age sixty-seventy-five years old. Since the study collected only cross-sectional data, it is not clear whether there are developmental trends in alcohol consumption-that people drink less as they grow older-or whether there are cohort or generational effects. However, several retrospective data suggest that there are cohort or generational patterns of drinking behavior by older adults. Very old respondents, who now drink less than their younger counterparts, report consistently different patterns of life-long drinking habits; they report different parental drinking habits, and they have consistently different attitudes toward the effects of alcohol consumption upon health. The survey provides no insight into the nature of the historical factors which account for the differences in alcohol use. However, Prohibition, Repeal, and the Depression are likely to have played important roles. PMID- 6979523 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocyte function in phenytoin-treated patients with epilepsy. AB - The number of leukocytes and the percentage of cells in various mononuclear subpopulations were determined in 22 patients with epilepsy. The lymphocyte response to PHA were examined in the patients and in selected controls. The patients were grouped according to phenytoin treatment at present or previously, and according to the presence or absence of serum IgA depression. Patients taking phenytoin demonstrated reduced leukocyte counts. The lowest counts were found in phenytoin-treated patients with markedly reduced IgA concentrations. The number of lymphocytes were reduced more than the total leukocyte count in the patients. No significant differences were observed between patients and controls regarding percentage of cells with membrane-bound immunoglobulins, active E-rosetting cells, AET-rosetting cells, EA-rosetting cells, EAC-rosetting cells, and cells with a capacity of phagocytosis. The mean response to PHA stimulation (PHA concentration 0.6 micrograms/ml) was 4634 counts per minute in the patients and 6132 counts per minute in the controls. However, the response to this stimulation varied considerably between individuals in both groups, and the difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. PMID- 6979526 TI - Longitudinal assessment of MAO-, COMT-, and DBH- activity in patients with bipolar depression. AB - This study was carried out to determine whether the activity of regulatory enzymes for biogenic amines are state variables or trait variables for bipolar depression. The activity of MAO, COMT, and DBH in platelets, RBC and serum, respectively, was measured repeatedly in patients with bipolar depression and in matched control subjects. An increase in MAO activity was observed in patients compared to controls, while MAO activity was unrelated to the patient's psychopathological state. COMT activity was higher in female patients than in female controls and was lower in male patients than in male controls, but it failed to be related to the psychopathological state of patients. Relevant differences in serum DBH activity failed to occur either between patients and controls, or in patients during different states of their illness. The findings suggest that the activity of MAO and COMT are trait variables for bipolar depression, while DBH activity is neither a state variable nor a trait variable. it is discussed why only longitudinal studies in contrast to conventional cross sectional assessments allow a distinction between state and trait variables. PMID- 6979527 TI - Piroxicam and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 6979524 TI - Plasma lipoproteins and physical activity. PMID- 6979528 TI - Cellular and humoral immunity to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis. AB - At the same time in 21 myasthenic patients we measured a. the cellular immune response against acetylcholine receptor (AChR) of peripheral lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and non rosette forming lymphocytes (50% B lymphocytes); b. the antibodies to AChR and c. the antigenic modulation activity of their sera on rat myotube AChR. At least one of these parameters was positive in each patient and this further supports the relevance of the immune response to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis. Strict correlations between the response of lymphocytes, antigenic modulation, antibody titer and disease severity were not evident. PMID- 6979529 TI - Recovery from primary pineal region hemorrhage. PMID- 6979525 TI - The use of radiobrominated p-bromospiroperidol for gamma-ray imaging of dopamine receptors. PMID- 6979530 TI - Exogenous additions of prostaglandins variably alter the blastogenic response of B and T lymphocytes from different mice lymphoid organs. AB - Prostaglandins A1 and E2 enhance the 3H-thymidine (TdR) uptake in spleen cell cultures stimulated by two B-lymphocyte mitogens (E.coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dextran sulfate (DXS) at concentrations ranging between 10(-8) and 10(-6) M. The same prostaglandin (PG) concentrations inhibited concanavalin A (Con A) activation of mouse spleen cells depleted or not from a glass-adherent prostaglandin-producing population of suppressor cells. After fractionation of spleen cells by nylon wool adherence, PGs diminished 3H-TdR uptake by nylon nonadherent (T-enriched) cells cultured in the presence of Con A and enhanced the activation of nylon adherent (B-enriched) cells by LPS. The proliferative response of thymic lymphocytes to Con A was drastically inhibited (70-95% by PGE2 10(-8)-10(-6) M. In cultures of purified bone marrow lymphocytes, PGE2 induced a dose-dependent inhibition of either LPS- or DXS-induced activation reaching a 30 40% inhibition at a PGE2 concentration of 10(-6) M. In the spleen, treatment of cells with anti-T sera and complement resulted in abrogation of PG-induced enhancement. Nevertheless, no inhibition of B-cell mitogenesis was observed in the presence of 10(-6) PGE2. From these results, it can be concluded that a different sensitivity of the proliferative response of lymphoid cells to exogenous PGs exists, depending on the subset (T or B) affected and/or the organ used as a source of these cells. PMID- 6979531 TI - [Unilateral nevoid telangiectatic syndrome]. AB - In recent years the unilateral nevoid teleangiectasia syndrome (UNTS) has been mainly reported in the Anglo-American literature. This rare disease is not well known in the German literature, where hitherto it has not been published. Based on the observation of a new case the clinical and histologic features of UNTS are reviewed and the pathogenesis discussed in detail. PMID- 6979532 TI - Early results in elective coronary bypass patients in a newly established cardiac surgery program. PMID- 6979535 TI - Quantitative analysis of intensity--rate and intensity--latency functions in peripheral auditory nerve fibers of northern leopard frogs (Rana p. pipiens). AB - The intensity--rate and intensity--latency functions were analyzed quantitatively from single auditory fibers in the eighth nerve of northern leopard frogs (Rana p. pipiens). There was a firing rate change of as high as 15 impulses/s and a latency shift of as much as 1.4 ms per dB change in sound intensity. These rates of change were different for units with the same best excitatory frequency and greater for each unit studied at lower intensities than at high intensities. The significance of the latency function on central binaural time processing was discussed. PMID- 6979536 TI - Specific pathology of the stria vascularis in postnatal progressive genetic inner ear disorder. AB - After reaching normal morphological maturation the stria vascularis of the Shaker 2 (Sh-2) mouse postnatally underwent a progressive degeneration, especially of the intermediate cell layer. Considerable changes were present on the 3rd week after birth. The marginal cells became atrophic and showed a reduction in the number and extent of the cellular extensions towards the intermediate cell layer. The intermediate cells disintegrated but were present 9 weeks after birth. The basal cells showed a normal morphology. Specific inclusion bodies were identified in the marginal cells from the 3rd week on. Occasionally such inclusions occurred in marginal cells. In the Shaker-1 (Sh-1) a flattening of intermediate cells occurred but otherwise no pathological changes were found 6--9 weeks after birth. PMID- 6979534 TI - Acute vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) toxicosis in horses: case report and experimental studies. AB - Acute accidental vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) toxicosis was diagnosed in a 6-month old foal with extensive lesions of soft tissue mineralization. In an experimental study, three 18-month-old horses were given ergocalciferol per os at a rate of 9,300, 22,200, or 47,200 IU/kg of body weight/day for 21 days. Clinical signs or lesions were not seen in horses given the low and intermediate doses, whereas the horse receiving the highest dose developed clinical signs and lesions similar to those noted in the foal. Signs included depression, loss of appetite, weakness, limb stiffness with impaired mobility, and cessation of growth or weight loss. Gross and histologic lesions of mineralization of various soft tissues, especially of the endocardium and wall of large blood vessels, were seen in the foal and the horse given the high dose. Marked, persistent, hyperphosphatemia (7.0 to 13.0 mg of P/dl of serum) developed in each horse. The horse given the intermediate dose remained normocalcemic. Horses given the low and high doses became hypercalcemic (13.6 to 14.5 mg of Ca/dl of serum), but serum calcium concentrations varied from day to day and both horses were normocalcemic at necropsy (12.4 to 12.7 mg of Ca/dl of serum). Distal metacarpal bone ash concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium of the foal were mg/g of bone ash) 400.5, 180.5, and 5.30, respectively. In the horses, treatment with ergocalciferol also had no significant effect on serum magnesium (1.88 to 2.18 mg/dl of serum) or distal metacarpal bone ash concentrations of calcium (352.5 to 362.5 mg/g of bone ash), phosphorus (182.5 to 184.0 mg/g of bone ash), or magnesium (5.48 to 6.02 mg/g of bone ash). PMID- 6979537 TI - Resistance to cephalosporins among gentamicin-resistant klebsiellae. PMID- 6979533 TI - Effects of exposure to acid on alveolar epithelial water and solute transport. AB - Water and solute transport properties of normal and acid-exposed bullfrog alveolar epithelium were determined under controlled conditions. Paired lungs from the same animal were studied in Ussing chambers. Tissue bioelectric parameters, permeabilities of water and solutes, and hydraulic conductivity were measured. Results from control lungs were compared with those observed after the alveolar epithelium was exposed to acid (pH 2.0-4.0) for variable periods of time (1-60 min). Acid exposure appears to initially damage tissue active transport mechanisms, causing a marked fall in potential difference at pH less than or equal to 3.0. Increases in tissue conductance and permeability to solutes occurred after a variable time lag. Water permeability did not change after acid exposure. Equivalent homogeneous pore radius increased as time of exposure to acid increased. It is concluded that the bullfrog alveolar epithelium, normally resistant to water and solute flux, loses its ability to transport ions actively and gradually becomes leaky after exposure to acid (pH less than or equal to 3.0). The pathway for movement of water across alveolar epithelium may be different from that for solutes. PMID- 6979538 TI - Characterization of the beta-lactamases of six species of Legionella. AB - The beta-lactamases of six Legionella species were characterized by isoelectric focusing, gel filtration, and substrate profiles. Fifteen strains of L. bozemanii, L. dumoffii, L. gormanii, L. longbeachae, and L. pneumophila produced beta-lactamases active against nitrocefin. L. micdadei enzymes previously reported to be beta-lactamase negative caused a very slow pH-dependent breakdown of nitrocefin and degraded penicillin G at high substrate concentrations. The bioassay revealed predominantly penicillinase activity for all species except L. micdadei, which had no activity in this assay. The apparent molecular weights of enzymes of L. bozemanii, L. gormanii, and L. pneumophila were in the range of 15,000 to 32,000, and those of L. micdadei and L. longbeachae were greater than 250,000. The isoelectric focusing of extracts of Legionella strains in polyacrylamide gels showed beta-lactamase types specific for species (L. bozemanii, L. gormanii, and L. pneumophila) and serotype (L. pneumophila). It demonstrated four different beta-lactamase types in L. pneumophila and revealed close relationships among L. pneumophila serotypes 1, 3, and 6. L. pneumophila enzymes formed band patterns only in polyacrylamide gels containing 6 M urea, whereas L. dumoffii and L. longbeachae enzymes did not form bands in any of the gels. None of the band patterns resembled those of known plasmid-mediated beta lactamases. These experiments suggest that isoelectric focusing of chromosomal beta-lactamases may be a valuable tool for taxonomic studies. PMID- 6979539 TI - A longitudinal survey of side effects in a lithium clinic. AB - The cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of lithium side effects were surveyed in a prospective 12-month study. The use of other psychotropic medication (antidepressants, neuroleptics) in addition to lithium was associated with a higher frequency of complaints. The presence of noneuthymic mood was not associated with changes in the incidence of side effects. Persistent side effects were not related to current age, age at onset of illness, severity of illness, or duration of lithium therapy. The chronicity of lithium therapy was not specifically associated with the presence or absence of any of the 23 side effects surveyed. PMID- 6979540 TI - A high yield purification procedure for alpha and beta chains of HLA-DR antigens. AB - A procedure is described for purifying to homogeneity the alpha and beta chains of HLA-DR antigen from the homozygous human lymphoid cell line LG-2. The procedure involves a combination of lectin affinity as well as classical and high pressure liquid chromatography. From 100 g of packed cells, 8 mg (235 nmol) of alpha chain and 7 mg (205 nmol) of beta chain were isolated. PMID- 6979541 TI - Re-examination of rhodopsin structure by hydrogen exchange. AB - The hydrogen exchange behavior of rhodopsin was re-examined by studies of the protein in the disc membrane and after solubilization in octyl glucoside. The methods used measure either the peptide hydrogens alone (hydrogen-deuterium exchange by infrared spectroscopy) or all slowly exchanging hydrogens (hydrogen tritium exchange by hel filtration). Under mild exchange conditions, disc membranes and solubilized lipid-free proteins show very similar exchange behavior, indicating the absence of slowly exchanging lipid protons. At high temperature, exchange of an additional large group of very slow peptide NH can be detected. The total number of slow hydrogens significantly exceeds the amide content, and apparently includes slowly exchanging protons from perhaps 40% of the protein's non-amide side chains. This is thought to require the involvement of many polar side chains in internal H-bonding. The exchange rates of the non amide side chains sites have not been determined. However, to the extent that these contribute to the fast time region of the measured kinetic H-exchange curve, previously identified with exposed, non-H-bonded peptides, the estimate of freely exposed rhodopsin peptides must be reduced. The fraction of free peptides could range from a remarkably high value of 70% down to about 45%. PMID- 6979543 TI - A simplified method for delivery of cold blood cardioplegia and aortic root venting during coronary artery bypass. AB - We present a simplified method for delivery of cold blood cardioplegia and left ventricular decompression during coronary artery bypass surgery when aortic occlusion is utilized. The system provides immediate delivery of the cardioplegic solution followed by continuous sump suction on the aortic root to decompress the left ventricle and to aspirate non-coronary collateral flow. This system has been utilized in over 200 consecutive cases of coronary revascularization without complication and is a safe, effective and inexpensive method of both delivery of the cardioplegic agent and maintenance of a dry quiet operative field. PMID- 6979542 TI - Epidermal growth factor induces electrically silent Na+ influx in human fibroblasts. AB - Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to quiescent confluent cultures of human foreskin fibroblasts causes a rapid, nearly 2-fold stimulation of unidirectional Na+ influx and a doubling of the rate of the Na+,K+ pump, whereas K+ efflux remains unaltered. The diuretic amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange, completely blocks EGF-induced Na+ influx, Na+,K+-pump activity, and DNA synthesis without affecting the cellular binding, visible clustering, and internalization of 125I-labeled and fluorescent EGF. In the absence of EGF, the induction of amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx and Na+,K+-pump activity can be mimicked by exposing the cells to weak acids. Neither the rapid stimulation of Na+ influx by EGF nor its inhibition by amiloride is accompanied by a detectable change in membrane potential (mean value of -66 mV), as evidenced by direct intracellular recording. In contrast, a rapid but transient membrane depolarization of about 50 mV, due to an unselective permeability increase, is observed in response to serum-growth factors. These results (i) indicate that EGF rapidly activates an electroneutral, previously inactive Na+ transport system in the plasma membrane of quiescent fibroblasts, and (ii) suggest that EGF-induced Na+ influx occurs in exchange for intracellular protons. The data further imply that early changes in membrane potential are not necessary for the initiation of a mitogenic response. PMID- 6979544 TI - A regional ultrasonic technique to measure left ventricular performance during coronary artery bypass. AB - Miniaturized, highly accurate pressure transducers and segment length measuring devices have been proven a safe, practical and stable method of analyzing cardiac performance in both acute and chronic animal experimentation. We have utilized a micromanometer-tipped intraventricular catheter and an ultrasonic segment length gauge implanted in the subendocardial layer of the left ventricle at the time of cardiac surgery to measure changes in systolic function and diastolic compliance prior to and after the completion of the operative procedure in man. No complications of this technique were encountered in the thirty patients studied. Continuous improvements in instrument design, data collection and data processing suggest future clinical applications are possible and desirable. PMID- 6979545 TI - What's new in surgical treatment of abdominal aortic lesions? PMID- 6979546 TI - Histones synthesized for use in early development of Xenopus laevis are stored as a complex with antigenic properties similar to those of the octamer core of nucleosomes. AB - Serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) contains crossreacting autoantibodies which recognize histones in nucleosomes or when they are induced to form octamers in solution in the presence of 2 M NaCl, but not when they are dissociated free in solution at physiological ionic strength. We have found that histones stored in eggs of Xenopus laevis for use in rapid nuclear synthesis during early development react with this antibody. This reaction has been observed by radioimmunoassay, inhibition of chromatin assembly by the extracts in the presence of antibody, and, in a preliminary result, by identification of a histone-antibody complex bound to protein A-sepharose. Further evidence that the extract antigen corresponds to the stored histone pool comes from sedimentation and charge fractionation experiments where the chromatin assembly activity and antigen (measured by radioimmunoassay) were found to cofractionate. BEcause the extract histones are not bound to DNA, our results suggest that they are stored as a soluble complex in a conformation similar or identical to the octameric core of the nucleosome. Our data suggest that the histones in this complex are bound to an anionic factor or factors which presumably replaces the DNA in shielding the positive charges on the histones. PMID- 6979547 TI - Effects of 12-0-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells: interactions with epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor. AB - The phorbol ester tumor promotor 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) specifically inhibited the binding of radioiodinated epidermal growth factor (125I-EGF) to rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in a noncompetitive fashion with an apparent Ki of 11-26 nM. Both TPA and EGF elicited similar biological responses in PC12 cells including enhanced incorporation of 3H-choline and 32 P orthophosphate into macromolecules, induction of ornithine decarboxylase, and stimulation of the phosphorylation of a 30,000 MW nonhistone, chromosome associated protein. These effects were also elicited by nerve growth fact (NGF) which, in contrast to the former agents, is a differentiating stimulus for PC12 cells. The effects of TPA were additive or more than additive to the effects of NGF and EGF. When PC12 cells were induced to differentiate by treatment with NGF for 72 hours, the binding of 125I-EGF and responses to EGF were reduced by approximately 70%. The response of PC12 cells to the tumor promoter TPA was unaffected by treatment with NGF. Thus, the qualitatively similar effects of TPA and EGF seemed to be mediated through separate receptor systems with only the EGF receptor system reduced by NGF treatment. PMID- 6979548 TI - Tomographic studies of cerebral blood flow by Xenon-133 inhalation in patients with transitory ischemic attacks. PMID- 6979549 TI - Positron emission tomography in the study of cerebral ischaemia. PMID- 6979550 TI - Comparative efficacy of various vitamin D metabolites in the treatment of various types of hypoparathyroidism. AB - Fourteen patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism, 17 with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, and 12 with postoperative hypoparathyroidism were treated with vitamin D2, dihydrotachysterol, 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3)1 alpha-OHD3), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for 6-18 months. The optimal maintenance dose or minimum daily dose of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to maintain serum calcium at approximately 8.5 mg/100 ml and control all the clinical symptoms was 1.3 +/- 0.16 micrograms/day (mean +/- SE) in pseudohypoparathyroidism, 1.5 +/- 0.18 micrograms/day in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, and 1.9 +/- 0.50 micrograms/day in postoperative hypoparathyroidism. There was no significant difference in the optimal maintenance dose among the 3 groups. The optimal maintenance dose of 1 alpha-OHD3, however, was 2.0 +/- 0.12 micrograms/day in pseudohypoparathyroidism, significantly lower than that in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (3.5 +/-0.29 micrograms/day; P less than 0.001) and in postoperative hypoparathyroidism (4.89 +/- 0.54 micrograms/day; P less than 0.001). Significantly lower doses were required in the treatment of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism than in postoperative hypoparathyroidism (P less than 0.05). No significant difference was found in the optimal maintenance dose of dihydrotachysterol and vitamin D2 among the 3 groups. The average pretreatment serum calcium levels and clinical manifestations were indistinguishable among the 3 groups of patients. This suggests that such a difference in the optimal maintenance dose of 1 alpha-OHD3 is ascribed not to the difference in the severity of hypoparathyroidism, but most probably to differences in the pathophysiological processes in pseudohypoparathyroidism and idiopathic or postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The excess parathyroid hormone levels in blood of patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism (and not in other types of hypoparathyroidism) may explain such a difference. PMID- 6979551 TI - Normal serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Serum calcium, phosphorus, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] were measured in 6 women and 2 men with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, 22 normal subjects, 5 patients with chronic renal failure, and 5 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels were significantly higher in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and lower in patients with chronic renal failure than in normal subjects. In patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, the serum calcitonin levels were elevated, but the parathyroid hormone and 1,25-(OH)2D levels were within normal ranges. The serum 25OHD levels were not significantly different in any group. It is concluded that chronic elevation of serum calcitonin has no effect on the serum 1,25-(OH)2D level. PMID- 6979552 TI - Acquired antibody to factor XI in a patient with congenital factor XI deficiency. AB - The results of studies in a patient with congenital deficiency of Factor XI who developed an inhibitor are presented. The patient presented with a severe, apparently spontaneous bleed into the thigh, which progressed despite infusion of fresh frozen plasma, but which responded promptly to activated prothrombin complex. During therapy with plasma his clotting time and Factor XI level were unresponsive and a Factor XI inhibitor titer of 6,000 U/ml was attained. The inhibitor was isolated and found to be polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG), predominantly of subclass 4. The specificity of the antibodies for Factor XI was shown by the ability of isolated inhibitor bound to polyacrylamide beads to remove Factor XI selectively from normal plasma. The binding of (125)I-labeled factor XI to the inhibitor was studied and an affinity constant of 1.65 x 10(10) liter/mol was found. Complexing of the antibodies with Factor XI was shown to block multiple activities of the clotting factor. Factor XI complexed with antibody did not bind to high molecular weight kininogen or undergo activation and cleavage by two-chain Factor XII. The complex of activated Factor XI with inhibitor prevented the cleavage and activation of Factor IX. Hence the inhibitor appears to act by binding to multiple sites on the Factor XI molecule and preventing its interaction with other molecules. Clinically these interactions of the inhibitor with Factor XI result in a state of severe Factor XI deficiency. The clinical circumstances of the case, with severe hemorrhage refractory to plasma infusion but readily responsive to an alternate clot-promoting agent, suggest that a defect of intrinsic system activation was critical, supporting the inference that Factor XI does participate in normal hemostasis. The clinical course of this patient, who has only had two documented hemorrhages in the presence of the inhibitor, is not as severe as that of patients with severe Factor VIII or IX deficiency. This suggests that physiologic activation of Factors XI and IX does not occur exclusively in series because deficiency of factors XII, XI, VIII, and IX should then have similar hemostatic consequences. We propose that independent mechanisms for bypass of Factors XII and XI are important in physiologic activation of coagulation. PMID- 6979553 TI - Cellular localization of rheumatoid factor idiotypes. AB - the stimulation of lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients with pokeweed mitogen produces a large number of plasma cells that express the dominant cross reactive idiotype previously found on monoclonal IgM anti-gamma-globulins from patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Similar experiments with the cells of normal individuals show a much lower percentage of these cells with a lower intensity of staining with the fluorescent reagents utilized. Efforts to demonstrate rheumatoid factor in the same cells by fluorescent staining with aggregated gammaglobulin were entirely unsuccessful. This also proved to be the case for pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cells from the mixed cryoglobulinemic patients with large amounts of rheumatoid factor in the serum, despite high percentages of cells expressing the cross-reactive idiotype and also the individual idiotype. On the other hand, native plasma cells from synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients showed some cells with both the cross-reactive idiotype and aggregate staining. The exact reason for the failure to demonstrate rheumatoid factor by aggregate staining in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures remains to be determined despite considerable effort to resolve the problem. The most likely possibility is that these plasma cells are relatively immature and have not accumulated polymeric IgM in their cytoplasm to the degree seen in synovial tissue plasma cells. The monomeric forms are readily recognized by the antiidiotypic antibodies and these reagents appear to be of particular value for cellular studies of this type. PMID- 6979554 TI - Decreased production of and response to interleukin-2 by cultured lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We studied the production of and response to interleukin-2 (IL-2) by peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 19 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who received no treatment at the time they were studied. Eight had active disease and the rest were in remission. Results were compared with those obtained in 12 healthy subjects of similar age. T cells from SLE patients, whether activated with phytohemagglutinin or in autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions, were found to yield little IL-2, to have a low response to IL-2 from its own, or other sources, and to absorb IL-2 poorly, IL-2 produced by SLE cells, albeit scant, was absorbed normally by activated T cells from normal subjects. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of the immunoregulatory defect in SLE. PMID- 6979556 TI - Elution of 111Indium from reticuloendothelial cells. AB - Measurement of isotope accumulation in an organ is often used to assess that organ's removal of blood cells labelled with the isotope. This technique is only valid if the isotope does not elute from the organ. Elution of 111In from the liver and spleen has been investigated in 14 subjects following intravenous injection of heat-damaged erythrocytes labelled with 111In. The elution rate from the spleen was found to be low, about 2% of the initial activity per day. The liver accumulated activity with respect to its initial uptake at a rate of about 5% per day. Bone marrow was not visualised except in two patients in whom it was identifiable in the initial scan. PMID- 6979555 TI - Null cell senescence and its potential significance to the immunobiology of aging. AB - The null cell compartments of human bone marrow and mouse spleen were arbitrarily divided into three subpopulations based upon the ability of cells to acquire T or B cell membrane markers when incubated with poly A:U or ubiquitin. There was an accumulation of T cell precursors with congenital absence of the thymus. In contrast, T cell precursors were reduced and there was an accumulation of uninduced null cells with old age. These observations suggest that there is an intrinsic defect of null cell differentiation with a drift towards more differentiated precursors in T cell differentiation with aging. This could result in a diminution in the range of responses by their progeny, mature T lymphocytes. PMID- 6979557 TI - Malignant histiocytosis of the intestine: report of three cases with immunological and cytochemical analysis. AB - Tumour cells from three cases of malignant histiocytosis of the intestine (MHI) have been studied immunologically and cytochemically. The cells did not form E rosettes and showed weak Fc gamma surface receptors. They contained non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase in diffuse granular distribution. In one case tumour cells showed no staining by an immunoperoxidase technique with two monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies but positive staining with a monoclonal anti-Ia like antibody. The malignant cells from all three cases could be shown to contain alpha-1-antitrypsin. These are the first cases of MHI to have been studied in this way and the results confirm the true histiocytic--that is, monocyte/macrophage, derivation of the tumour cells in this disease. PMID- 6979558 TI - Comparison of culture and microscopy in the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis infection. AB - A comparison was made between human blood agar containing amphotericin B, nalidixic acid and either gentamicin or colistin for the isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis from cases of non-specific vaginitis seen in a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. The medium containing gentamicin was more inhibitory for non-Gardnerella species, but not sufficiently inhibitory to allow direct plating in the clinic without spreading for single colonies. The diffuse beta haemolysis produced by G vaginalis on human, but not on horse blood agar, proved very useful in differentiating it from other vaginal organisms and was not affected by the antibiotics used. This characteristic, together with Gram stain morphology, oxidase and catalase, provides a simple, reliable methods of identifying G vaginalis. Sixty women with symptoms of vaginitis, in whom no other pathogen was isolated, were examined by culture and microscopy. Gardnerella vaginalis was grown from 45 whereas only 31 had positive microscopy (clue cells or Gram variable bacilli). There was no significant difference between the rate of isolation of G vaginalis in the group with positive microscopy (25/31) and that with negative microscopy (20/31). PMID- 6979559 TI - A simple, rapid ELISA method for the detection of DNA antibodies. AB - Employing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique the serum antibodies against native (double stranded) and denatured (single stranded) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have been measured in various disease groups and a group of blood donor sera. The ELISA method has been compared with a radioimmunoassay method using native (double stranded) DNA is substrate antigen and a latex-fixation technique using particles coated with soluble deoxyribonucleoprotein (SNP). It is concluded that ELISA offers an economic and reliable alternative to isotope techniques for the assessment of antibody content in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and related disease states for the clinical laboratory. PMID- 6979562 TI - Treatment of bleeding esophageal varices: less is more. PMID- 6979560 TI - Measuring nurses' accuracy of estimating blood loss. AB - Estimation is the most commonly used method to determine blood loss. According to the literature, estimating blood loss is not exact; there are wide margins of error and blood loss tends to be underestimated. Forty-two registered nurses were asked to estimate varied amounts of blood on 20 peripads. Both over- and underestimation occurred; 71% overestimated and 25% underestimated blood loss. There was also disagreement as to what constituted heavy, moderate or slight blood loss. There was no difference in accuracy among variables of education, years of experience, specialty area, or when and how nurses learned to estimate. Contrary to current literature, these nurses: 1 overestimated blood loss; 2 had significant difficulty in estimating very small and very large amounts of blood; 3 although in error, were consistent in estimating repeated samples with the same amounts of blood; 4 were not consistent in estimating heavy, moderate, and slight blood loss. PMID- 6979561 TI - Paraesophageal varices mimicking a mediastinal tumor. PMID- 6979563 TI - A case of acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage. AB - All those who deal with patients suffering from this discouraging and lethal disease are constantly searching for the ideal method in which to control active hemorrhage from esophageal varices. Continued nonoperative management in those whose hemorrhage does cease on purely conservative measures results in an unacceptably high mortality, the most common cause of which is recurrent bleeding. Those patients who undergo portoazygos disconnection via the transabdominal or transthoracic route are equally prone to recurrent hemorrhage unless an elective portosystemic shunt is performed. Whether such a shunt is done as an elective or as an emergency procedure, the postoperative mortality and morbidity are high. Although protection against recurrent bleeding can be expected in most, the natural history of liver disease progression (and prognosis therefrom) remains unaltered, if not occasionally aggravated. Resurgence of interest in injection sclerotherapy for immediate control of hemorrhage, with subsequent longterm control of varices by repeated injections at intervals of several months, has received enthusiastic support. Preservation of existing hepatocellular function, the simplicity of the technique, especially with the fibreoptic endoscope, and its likely impact on medical care costs in this disease are attractive benefits. It is not perfect, and prospective randomized controlled trials are required to prove its superiority over other forms of treatment, but it currently appears to be the most viable alternative. We are not alone in fervently hoping that portoazygos disconnection will rarely be required and that portosystemic shunting will become a superfluous procedure, comfortably consigned to the history books. PMID- 6979564 TI - Selective suppression of human B lymphocyte differentiation into IgG-producing cells by soluble Fc gamma receptors. AB - Receptors for the Fc part of IgG were isolated by affinity chromatography from supernatants of unstimulated human lymphocytes or polymorphonuclear neutrophils. When added to cultures stimulated by polyclonal activators, these soluble receptors selectively depressed the maturation of B lymphocytes into IgG producing cells, whereas the number of IgM-producing cells was either increased or unchanged. The number of IgA-containing cells was not changed. The data support the concept of class-specific control of Ig synthesis by Fc receptors. PMID- 6979565 TI - Purification and partial characterization of a C1q inhibitor from the membranes of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6979566 TI - Effect of plicatic acid on human serum complement includes interference with C1 inhibitor function. AB - In an earlier study, we presented evidence that plicatic acid (PA) activated C in normal human serum (NHS) by an immunoglobulin-independent mechanism that did not involve factor B of the alternative pathway and that required Ca++ for initiation. The present paper further verifies that PA acts through the classical pathway. In PA-treated NHS, titers of C1, C4, C3, and C5 decreased after incubation at 37 degrees C, but in C2-deficient serum, only the titers of C1 and C4 were decreased after identical PA treatment. Activation of purified precursor C1 did not occur when it was incubated with PA at concentrations that would have produced C1 consumption in serum. Thus, PA added to serum initiates activation of the classical pathway, but is incapable of activating C1 directly. PA added to a mixture of native C4 and activated C1s did not alter the kinetics or the extent of C4 inactivation by the C1s. However, when mixtures of C4, C1s, and C1-In were incubated with PA, the ability of the inhibitor to inactivate the C1s was markedly reduced. These data indicate that the mechanism by which PA activates C in serum may involve interference with the normal regulatory mechanism that controls C1 activity. PMID- 6979567 TI - A T cell-derived factor stimulating multipotential hemopoietic stem cells: molecular weight and distinction from T cell growth factor and T cell-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AB - The production of multipotential hemopoietic stem cells (CFUs) in cultures of murine bone marrow cells is supported by medium conditioned by concanavalin A stimulated T cell hybridoma 123 or spleen cells. We present physiochemical evidence that this activity of these conditioned media, which we have operationally termed CFUs-stimulating activity (CFUs-SA), is due to a new T cell derived lymphokine. CFUs-SA was shown by gel filtration to reside in a distinct fraction corresponding to a mean apparent m.w. of 29,000, and was distinguishable from T cell growth factor, not only by its lower apparent m.w. but also by chromatography using Phenyl-Sepharose. After isoelectric focusing of neuraminidase-treated conditioned medium, CFUs-SA was found between isoelectric points 5 and 8. In this respect, CFUs-SA appeared similar to another factor, P cell-stimulating factor, which stimulates the growth of persisting (P) cells (homogeneous populations of cells resembling mast cells) and that occurred together with CFUs-SA in both the spleen and hybridoma-conditioned media. Isoelectric focusing separated CFUs-SA from granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, which focused as a single peak with an isoelectric point around 5.0. Thus CFUs-SA is due to a T cell-derived factor that is separable from T cell growth factor and T cell-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but has similar properties to P cell-stimulating factor. PMID- 6979568 TI - Stimulation of the intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by monocytes: regulation by immunoglobulin G and complement components C3/C3b and B/Bb. AB - The intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes requires continuous stimulation by extracellular serum factors interacting with the cells via membrane binding sites. At least 75% of the intracellular killing in the presence of fresh serum was accounted for by the combined stimulatory activities of IgG, C3/C3b, and B/Bb. C3b is a more potent stimulator than C3, and Bb stimulates the killing to the same degree as B. The stimulation of intracellular killing by C3 and C3b occurs by interaction of the stable binding site of this molecule with the C3b receptor in the monocyte membrane. The stimulation of intracellular killing by B and Bb is most probably mediated via a binding site on these proteins interacting with a receptor site in the monocyte membrane. Both complement receptors, i.e., for C3b and B, are pronase sensitive. However, only the C3b receptor can be inhibited by (Fab')2 fragments of anti-C3 receptor antibodies, indicating that the binding sites for C3/C3b and B/bb are different. PMID- 6979569 TI - The immune response in aged C57BL/6 mice. II. Characterization and reversal of a defect in the ability of aged spleen cells to respond to the adjuvant properties of Fc fragments. AB - Fc fragments derived from papain cleavage of human Ig were found to be unable to enhance the in vitro anti-SRBC response of aged mice. The inability of aged spleen cells to respond to the adjuvant properties of Fc fragments is localized to the aged T cell population. The addition of Fc fragments to cultures of aged B cells and young adult T cells, but not young adult B cells and aged T cells, resulted in an enhanced anti-SRBC response. The Fc fragment adjuvant defect in spleen cells from aged mice can be reversed by the addition of IL 2 to culture. The addition of either Fc fragments alone or IL 2 alone with antigen to intact aged spleen cell populations did not result in an enhanced anti-SRBC response. When aged spleen cell cultures receive both Fc and IL 2, however, a marked enhancement is observed. These data indicate that IL 2 action on aged spleen cells results in the acquisition of reactivity to Fc adjuvant action by aged mice. PMID- 6979570 TI - T cell-mediated immunity in malaria. I. The Ly phenotype of T cells mediating resistance to Plasmodium yoelii. AB - CBA mice that recover from Plasmodium yoelii 17X infection are resistant to reinfection. T cells from these mice transfer immunity to nonimmune recipients. To analyze the nature and mode of action of these T cells, we transferred selected subsets into T cell-deprived recipients. Treatment of the T cells with anti-Ly-1 but not anti-Ly-2 serum and C abrogated their ability to transfer immunity. A mixture of anti-Ly-1 and anti-Ly-2 serum-treated cells (i.e., a population devoid of Ly-123 cells) transferred a level of immunity comparable to that of unselected T cells. Hence, the T cells mediating resistance to P. yoelii 17X were primarily of the Ly-1+23- phenotype. T cell-deprived mice reconstituted with these immune Ly-1 cells developed a) high levels of IgM and IgG antibodies, b) DTH responses to parasitized RBC, and c) enhanced blood monocyte responses. The addition of immune B cells to the Ly-1 population dramatically increased its ability to transfer immunity and induce antibody production. B cells from immune CBA/N mice had no such effect. Thus, the transfer of optimal protective immunity against malaria stems from an interaction between Ly-1 cells and a select B cell subset that CBA/N mice lack. This "selective synergy" is a protective mechanism against pathogens that has not been previously appreciated. PMID- 6979571 TI - Repeated isolation of unique Qa2+ Ia+ clonally derived cell lines from Qa2- mice. AB - Qa2+ tumor cell lines were previously isolated from individual BALB/cBy (Qa2-) splenic lymphomas induced by murine sarcoma virus-murine leukemia virus-Moloney (MSV-MuLV-M). Two clonally derived cell lines, ORA I-a and Thorbly, and one noncloned cell line, BOMS, expressed Qa2, but neither Ly-1 nor Ly-2 were detected. In order to determine whether eight cloned and two noncloned tumor cell lines all represented a unique population of transformed cells, the presence of a series of surface differentiation antigens as studied. In addition to Qa2, each cell line examined expressed IAd, IEd, H-2Kd, H-2Dd, and receptors for C3b and the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig). Neither Thy-1.2 nor Ig were detected on the cell surfaces, and cytoplasmic Ig was not precipitated from metabolically radiolabeled and detergent-solubilized cell extracts. However, monocyte specific alpha-napththyl acetate esterase-containing granules were present in all cell lines examined. Therefore, a unique Qa2+ monocytic cell is repeatedly isolated after chronic MSV-MuLV-M infection. Further analysis of these cells may provide insight into both the regulation of Qa2 expression and the interactions between monocytes and lymphocytes during leukemogenesis. PMID- 6979572 TI - Studies of murine large granular lymphocytes. I. Identification as effector cells in NK and K cytotoxicities. PMID- 6979573 TI - Differential effect of activated T amplifier cells on B cells responding to thymus-independent type 1 and type 2 antigens. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A), antilymphocyte serum (ALS), and the allogeneic effect have all been shown to enhance antibody responses to thymus-independent (TI) antigens by a T cell-dependent mechanism. Enhancement presumably involves an effect on the responding B cells by amplifier T cells (TA) that are activated by the particular agent used, i.e., Con A, ALS, or allogeneic cells. In the present study the ability of these agents to augment antibody responses to TI-1 and TI-2 antigens was compared. It was found that antibody responses to TI-2 antigens were markedly enhanced by allogeneic cells or ALS given with antigen. Antibody responses to TI-1 antigens were in all cases unaffected. Because TI-1 and TI-2 antigens primarily stimulate separate subpopulations of B cells, these results suggest the B cell subset that responds to TI-1 antigens, i.e., Lyb-5-negative B cells, may not be responsive to signals from nonspecifically activated TA. This conclusion was further supported by experiments demonstrating that responses to TI-2 antigens could not be enhanced in mice that have only Lyb-5-negative B cells, i.e., CBA/N x BALB/c F1 males, and that responses to a T-dependent antigen (HRBC) could be augmented by the allogeneic effect in normal mice but not in mice lacking Lyb-5-positive B cells. PMID- 6979574 TI - Natural cytotoxicity of isolated rat liver cells. AB - Unfractionated liver cells and parenchymal liver cells from untreated male Lewis rats were tested for natural cytotoxicity in a 4-hr 51chromium-release assay against YAC-1. Minimal cytotoxicity was observed. Nonparenchymal liver cells obtained by either differential centrifugation or metrizamide gradient centrifugation exerted strong cytotoxicity against YAC-1 and P815. Resident peritoneal exudate cells and spleen cells displayed cytotoxicity only against YAC 1. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of these nonparenchymal liver cells was diminished by carbonyl iron treatment. Therefore, on the basis of these and other characteristics, the majority of the effector cells in the liver resemble tumoricidal macrophages. Finally, parenchymal liver cells or their cellfree supernatants were able to inhibit the cytotoxicity of these tumoricidal nonparenchymal liver cells, suggesting that the tumoricidal capacity of the liver was under some regulatory control. PMID- 6979575 TI - Formation of rat IgE-binding factors by rat-mouse T cell hybridomas. AB - Mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells of rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) were obtained 8 days after infection and were incubated overnight with rat IgE for the formation of IgE-binding factors. These cells were then fused with BW 5147 mouse T lymphoma cells. Two hybrid clones (A4 and B6) obtained by the fusion formed IgE-binding factors upon incubation with IgE. It was found that 1-hr incubation with 3 micrograms/ml of rat IgE was sufficient to induce hybridoma cells to form IgE-binding factors. Both hybrid clones express rat T cell markers; the A4 clone bears Fc epsilon R, whereas the B6 clone bears Fc gamma R on their surface. The IgE-binding factors formed by both clones bound to rat IgE-coated Sepharose and could be eluted from the beads at pH 3.0. The factors also have affinity for mouse IgE but not human IgE nor rat IgG. IgE binding factors formed by the A4 clone had a m.w. between 26,000 and 30,000; the B6 clone formed IgE-binding factors of 26,000 and 13,000 daltons. The factors of both high and low m.w. failed to bind to lentil lectin and Con A, but had affinity for peanut agglutinin. Purified IgE-binding factors of 13,000 daltons selectively suppressed the IgE-forming cell response of DNP-ovalbumin-primed MLN cells to homologous antigen, whereas the factor of 26,000 to 30,000 daltons neither suppressed nor enhanced the IgE response. PMID- 6979577 TI - The acquisition of receptors for peanut agglutinin by peanut agglutinin-negative thymocytes and peripheral T cells. AB - Using fluorescein-conjugated peanut agglutinin (PNA) and the fluorescence activated cell sorter, we have shown that the cytotoxic T cells generated by culturing thymocytes (about 85% PNA+ cells) with Con A and medium conditioned by Con A-stimulated spleen cells were mostly PNA+. Cytotoxic T cells generated in parallel cultured of PNA- thymocytes or normal lymph node cells (in which the T cells are PNA-), however, were also mostly PNA+. The development of PNA+ cells from PNA- mature peripheral T cells was confirmed by using cultures of PNA- T cells separated on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter from lymph node cells. Immunization in vivo also resulted in the appearance of PNA+ T cells in the lymph node. These results indicate that receptors for PNA can no longer be regarded as unambiguous markers of T cell immaturity, or of the origin of a T cell from a PNA+ precursor. The possibility that a variable proportion of the PNA+ cells in the thymus may be generated by intrathymic activation of PNA- medullary thymocytes is discussed. PMID- 6979576 TI - A phorbol ester tumor promoter induces changes in the expression of immunoglobulins and DR antigens in human lymphoblastoid cells. AB - The present study indicates that 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) can induce either increases or decreases in the relative expression of membrane associated IgM and IgD as well as the expression of other markers of lymphocyte differentiation on human B lymphoblasts, depending on the clone studied. The changes in membrane Ig expression are apparent within 24 hr and are maximal at about 48 hr after the addition of the compound. In clone BL, TPA decreases the membrane IgM/IgD ratio as determined by the percentage of cells bearing these isotypes and by their densities on single cells. In clone MW-E, TPA has the opposite effect. Although these changes are followed by an increase in Ig secretion by MW-E cells, measured by immunofluorescence and the protein A plaque assay, there is no induction of Ig secretion in BL cells. In addition, TPA increases the expression in BL of an additional B lymphocyte marker, the D region related (DR) antigens, while having the opposite effect in MW-E. In two sublines of Daudi, a membrane IgM-positive, IgD-negative, nonsecreting cell line, TPA treatment resulted in the expression of membrane IgD without the induction of Ig secretion. Thus, the TPA-induced changes in the IgM/IgD ratio and DR antigen expression are inversely related and are not due to differential proliferation of subpopulations. Taken together, it appears that, depending on the particular clone of B lymphoblasts studied, TPA can induce or inhibit a coherent program of B lymphocyte maturation. PMID- 6979578 TI - Modulation of Tac antigen on activated human T cells by anti-Tac monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody termed anti-Tac antibody is reactive with activated and functionally mature human T cells, but not reactive with resting T cells or B cells. We found that the expression of Tac antigen on activated T cells was inhibited by the addition of anti-Tac antibody in the culture of T cells activated with Con A or alloantigen. In the mixed lymphocyte culture, the expression of Ia-like antigen on allo-activated T cells was also inhibited by anti-Tac antibody, although the antibody does not recognize Ia-like antigen. However, anti-Ia monoclonal antibody did not suppress the expression of either Tac or Ia-like antigen. In addition, Tac antigen expressed on activated T cells was modulated by anti-Tac antibody cultured with activated T cells at 37 degrees C for 48 hr. Antigenic modulation, which means a specific loss of Tac antigen from the cell surface of T cells, was detected by the indirect immunofluorescence method. Tac antigen was reexpressed on T cells after restimulation when the anti Tac antibody was removed, whereas Ia-like antigen already expressed on allo activated T cells was not modulated by anti-Tac antibody. These results suggest that Tac and Ia-like antigens are carried on different molecules, both of which are closely linked in expression on activated T cells. The expression of Tac antigen may be essential for the following expression of Ia-like antigen. PMID- 6979580 TI - Role of syngeneic Ia+ accessory cells in the generation of allospecific CTL responses. AB - Under conditions in which antigen dose is suboptimal, the recognition of Ia determinants is a necessary component of the generation of allospecific CTL responses. With monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies used as blocking reagents, it is demonstrated that the recognition of alloantigens may proceed via two pathways. Alloantigens can be recognized in the context of syngeneic Ia determinants in a similar fashion to conventional antigens. If, however, the Ia+ cells are removed from the responder population, the generation of such responses involves the recognition of allogeneic Ia determinants directly. A non-T, non-B, adherent accessory cell was identified as the critical syngeneic Ia+ cell required for CTL responses in these cultures. PMID- 6979582 TI - The estimation of B lymphocytes and their subpopulations in pigs. A comparison between a method using whole blood and one using Ficoll-Paque purified mononuclear cells. AB - This paper describes a simple method for determining the proportion of B lymphocytes and their subtypes in pigs, using washed whole blood. The method was compared with one using Ficoll-Paque purified mononuclear cells and was found to give significantly lower results (13.0 +/- 1.3% and 17.0 +/- 1.8%, mean +/- S.E., respectively). For 30 normal pigs, 13.9 +/- 6% (mean +/- S.D.) of lymphocytes in whole blood bore light chains and 12.1 +/- 5% bore IgM, while of lymphocytes in purified mononuclear cells, 17.0 +/- 6% bore light chains, 15.1 +/- 6% bore IgM, 1.4 +/- 1.4% bore IgG and 0.5 +/- 0.5% bore IgA. PMID- 6979579 TI - Demonstration on protein A of two distinct immunoglobulin-binding sites and their role in the mitogenic activity of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I on human B cells. PMID- 6979581 TI - Studies on the clonal origin of human B cell leukemia using monoclonal anti idiotype antibodies. AB - The clonal origin of an IgA1 kappa B cell leukemia in a 71-year-old man (WF) was examined using a monoclonal anti-Id antibody and a panel of monoclonal anti-VH antibodies. Immunofluorescent studies revealed that all surface IgA1 kappa + leukemic cells in WF's blood and 10% of the IgM+ B cells in his bone marrow expressed the WF Id. Three percent of the IgA1 kappa + leukemic cells in blood also expressed gamma-chains in their cytoplasm. Approximately 0.1%, 1%, and 10% of bone marrow mononuclear cells, respectively, expressed mu-chains, gamma chains, and alpha-chains in their cytoplasm, but no detectable light chains or surface immunoglobulins. These mu, gamma, and alpha-positive cells had the convoluted nucleus and narrow cytoplasm characteristic of normal mu+ pre-B cells. Sequential isotype switching among this unusual pre-B population was indicated by co-expression of mu-chains and alpha-chains by 11% and 63%, respectively, of the gamma pre-B cells. These pre-B cells and the surface alpha-chains and cytoplasmic gamma-chains of the leukemic B cells were reactive with one of four monoclonal anti-VH antibodies. The data suggest malignant transformation of the clone before isotype switching, and also imply light chain precommitment at the pre-B cell level of differentiation. PMID- 6979583 TI - T cell enrichment and depletion of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell preparations. Unexpected findings in the study of the functional activities of the separated populations. PMID- 6979584 TI - Altered lymphocyte markers and blastogenic responses associated with 24 hour delay in processing of blood samples. AB - Lymphocytes separated from fresh heparinized blood or from blood stored 24 h at room temperature were tested for E rosettes, EAC Rosettes, and blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin. Compared to lymphocytes from fresh blood, lymphocytes from 24 h stored blood contained a lower percentage of E rosette positive cells, a higher percentage of E rosette-negative EAC rosette-negative null cells, and manifested a decreased blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin. Fewer viable mononuclear cells were recovered by Ficoll Hypaque separation from stored blood than from fresh blood. These findings suggest that storage-related changes may occur in T cells which cause a selective loss of such cells during Ficoll-Hypaque separation. A delay in processing of blood samples may therefore yield results of lymphocyte marker and functional assays which give the false impression of a decrease in T cells and an increase in null cells. PMID- 6979585 TI - Equivalent decrease of H-2Kk and H-2Dk expression after vaccinia virus infection. AB - Expression of H-2Kk and H-2Dk molecules was studied by indirect immunofluorescence on vaccinia virus-infected Ls cells (derived from the L929 cell line), using D-23b and ASA-21 monospecific alloantisera, respectively directed against the H-2.23 and H-2.32 private specificities of the H-2k haplotype. Our study demonstrates that the increase in vaccinia virus-induced antigens on the membrane of infected cells (as a function of the multiplicity of infection) is associated with a concomitant decrease in the expression of both H 2Kk and H-2Dk serologically defined private specificities. Absorption experiments of D-23b and ASA-21 sera, using infected or uninfected Ls cells, also indicate that after virus infection, H-2Kk and H-2Dk private specificities are equally altered in their serological expression. We finally show that this alteration consists in a mere quantitative decrease of H-2 molecules, since the cytolytic capacity of a rabbit anti-H-2 serum, specifically reacting against the constant part of the heavy chains of H-2 molecules, was significantly more absorbed by uninfected cells than by infected cells. We conclude that no preferential decrease in the expression of H-2 Kk and H-2 Dk molecules is induced during cell infection by vaccinia virus. PMID- 6979586 TI - Polymorphism of serum acid phosphatase in the rat. AB - Polymorphism of serum acid phosphatase was detected by electrofocusing in acrylamide gel. The locus has two alleles Apsa and Apsb that segregated in the backcross progeny (A x B) F1 x B in a 1:1 ratio. The phenotype APS-A is dominant in the F1 generation. The gene for serum acid phosphatase segregated independently of the major histocompatibility complex and of the sex of the rats. PMID- 6979587 TI - Common nephrotoxic reactions from diagnostic and therapeutic agents. PMID- 6979588 TI - Epidermal cell production of thymocyte activating factor (ETAF). PMID- 6979589 TI - Immunologic aspects of otitis media with effusion: characteristics of lymphocyte and macrophage reactivity. AB - The characteristics of cellular elements in the middle ear effusions, peripheral blood, and adenoidal tissue and ther effects of middle ear macrophages on the functional activity of lymphocytes were examined in 50 subjects with chronic otitis media. Macrophages were the predominant cell type in middle ear effusions, and they constituted up to 63% of the total number of cells. T cells were 11%-66% of the total number of cells. The proliferative responses induced by phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen in middle ear lymphocytes were generally low compared with the responses observed in peripheral blood and adenoidal lymphocytes. Cocultures of middle ear macrophages with adenoidal lymphocytes resulted in a significant depression of proliferative response and immunoglobulin synthesis in the lymphocytes. These observations suggest that macrophages in the middle ear may have a profound influence on the regulation of the immune response in the middle ear in patients who have otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6979590 TI - Natural mode of acquisition for de novo infection with Pneumocystis carinii. AB - Axenic rats maintained in germfree isolators were found to be free of Pneumocystis carinii after three months of immunosuppression with dexamethasone. This P. carinii-free rat model was used to identify the mode of acquisition of P. carinii from the natural environment. Germfree were exposed in selective manner to potential sources of P.carinii, including air, water, and food. Animals exposed in the isolator with filtered (sterile) air and to regular (unsterile) water and food did not acquire P. carinii. Rats exposed in open cages to room air but maintained on sterile water and food acquired the infection. Animals fed lung tissue infected with P. carinii did not acquire the infection. These findings show that P. carinii is naturally acquired as an airborne organism in a de novo infection. PMID- 6979591 TI - Ocular penetration of subconjunctival oxacillin, methicillin, and cefazolin in rabbits with staphylococcal endophthalmitis. AB - The concentrations of oxacillin, methicillin, and cefazolin were examined in the infected eyes of pigmented rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis after a subconjunctival dose of 100 mg. The three drugs had fairly similar ocular pharmacokinetics. The tissue concentration usually peaked within 30 min. Levels in the aqueous humor rose more slowly; the respective maximal concentrations of methicillin, oxacillin, and cefazolin were 72, 1,180, and 111 micrograms/ml. Oxacillin also produced the highest levels in the cornea. Penetration of the vitreous humor was poor with all three drugs, apparently owing to a diffusional barrier in the choroid-retina tissue complex. The respective median vitreous levels of methicillin, oxacillin, and cefazolin were 0.7, 0.6, and less than 0.8 micrograms/ml. These values are close to the concentrations usually required to inhibit S. aureus in vitro. Our results suggest that subconjunctival oxacillin achieves higher concentrations in anterior ocular tissues than do the other two drugs, but more aggressive approaches are necessary in treating endophthalmitis. PMID- 6979592 TI - Chemotherapeutic efficacy of E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'deoxyuridine for orofacial infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 in mice. AB - Systemic or topical treatment with E-5-(2-bromovinyl)2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) showed significant efficacy against orofacial infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in hairless mice. The chemotherapeutic response to BVDU was dose dependent and clearly evident even when the treatment was initiated during the clinical manifestation of HSV-1 infection at 72 hr after inoculation. Early initiation of therapy with BVDU at 3 or 24 hr after inoculation significantly prevented the establishment of latent HSV infection in the trigeminal ganglia of mice, but systemic treatment with BVDU did not influence already established latent HSV-1. The chemotherapeutic efficacy of BVDU was comparable to that of acyclovir in the present animal model. PMID- 6979594 TI - Effect of C-reactive protein on granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. AB - Pathophysiological concentrations of CRP inhibited the in vitro clonal proliferation of CFU-C's. CRP inhibition was specific for normal CFU-C's committed to the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Macrophage progenitor cells stimulated by an inflammatory response were unaffected by CRP. CFU-C's which were committed to the granulocyte lineage, those which gave rise to both macrophages and granulocytes, and erythroid progenitor cells were also not affected by CRP. Only macrophage CFU-C's that possessed Fc receptors and were in S-phase at the time at CRP exposure were susceptible to inhibition of colony formation. The data suggest that CRP functions as a regulator of the cellular composition of an inflammatory response. PMID- 6979593 TI - Resistance to cefamandole: derepression of beta-lactamases by cefoxitin and mutation in Enterobacter cloacae. AB - Studies were performed to characterize resistance to cefamandole in two strains of Enterobacter cloacae. Susceptible wild-type cells were exposed either to cefamandole to select stably resistant mutants or to cefoxitin to induce unstable resistance. The two types of resistant cells inactivated cefamandole, and their beta-lactamases had identical isoelectric focusing patterns and substrate profiles. Studies of the beta-lactamases of these resistant cells indicated that the enzymes belonged to the Richmond and Sykes Group I and suggested that their production in wild-type cells is under repressor control. The resistant mutants appeared to be stably derepressed at the locus for beta-lactamase expression, whereas cefoxitin-induced cells were reversibly derepressed wild-type cells. Transfer of plasmids from one mutant colony to recipient Escherichia coli cells did not transfer resistance. These two types of resistance to cefamandole may explain the widely discrepant results obtained during in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as the rapid emergence of resistance that has been observed during clinical use. PMID- 6979595 TI - E.N.G. after head injury. PMID- 6979596 TI - Variability and habituation of nystagmic responses to hot caloric stimulation of normal subjects. Evidence that this test may be inapplicable to monitoring drug induced vestibular toxicity. AB - Experiments were performed on 25 otoneurologically "normal' subjects to evaluate the hot caloric test as a screening test for aminoglycoside vestibular toxicity. Using portable equipment under non-ideal conditions, it was found that there was a large inter-subject variability in nystagmic response and that, instead of a random test-retest variability, a systematic variation in response occurred on repeated caloric stimulation with water at 44 degrees C. A response decline (habituation) evident in both the maximum slow phase velocity and the maximum frequency occurred at second test, although the inter-test interval ranged from 24 to 72 hours. After a 3-month interval with no intervening tests, the mean value of the maximum frequency reverted back to the original level. However, there was still a significant reduction in maximum slow phase velocity at this time. Some individuals had a sustained reduction in both parameters. Hence it is concluded that the hot caloric test, used under the conditions described in this study, is not a suitable serial screening method for aminoglycoside vestibular toxicity. The reproducibility of this test under other conditions, or any other caloric test, should be established in normal subjects before employing it as a serial screen for aminoglycoside vestibular toxicity. PMID- 6979597 TI - The law of human reproduction: an overview. PMID- 6979598 TI - Exception to the exception: expert medical testimony and behavioral hearsay under Federal Rule 703. PMID- 6979599 TI - Agent orange: government responsibility for the military use of phenoxy herbicides. PMID- 6979600 TI - Decision-making and the right to refuse lifesaving treatment for defective newborns. PMID- 6979601 TI - Informed consent to medical therapy and experimentation: the case for invoking punitive damages to deter impingement of individual autonomy. PMID- 6979602 TI - Role of serotonin in the control of secretion of corticotrophin releasing factor. PMID- 6979603 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies to the Coombs antibody in NZB F1 mice. AB - The F1 hybrids of NZB and several normal mouse strains are known to produce less anti-erythrocyte (Coombs) autoantibody and develop a milder hemolytic anemia than their NZB parents. We have found that serum from some (NZB x CBA)F1 mice agglutinated erythrocytes from certain Coombs-positive NZB mice, often in extremely high titer, whereas other (CBA x NZB)F1 sera agglutinated erythrocytes from different individual NZB mice. The agglutination was due to antibody, but was not due to rheumatoid factor activity. Because F(ab')2 fragments of the F1 sera agglutinated erythrocytes coated with F(ab')2 fragments of the appropriate NZB sera, the observed reactivity was probably caused by idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions. In addition, because F1 sera could not agglutinate mouse erythrocytes coated with monovalent NZB Fab' fragments, the recognized idiotype probably involved the antigen-binding site. Anti-idiotypic antibodies against anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies may play an important role in the regulation of autoantibody formation. PMID- 6979604 TI - Mitogen-reactive B cell subpopulations selectively express different sets of V regions. AB - The experiments presented here were designed to investigate whether the idiotypic repertoire is equally distributed among B cells subpopulations as defined by mitogen reactivity. To this end we used lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Nocardia delipidated cell mitogens (NDCM), which are two mitogens that have been described to act on different B cell subsets. The repertoire can be defined in quantitative terms as the frequency of B cells that are precursors for clones secreting immunoglobulin with a given specificity or with a determinate idiotype. We determined, therefore, the absolute frequency of LPS- and NDCM-sensitive B lymphocytes secreting immunoglobulin molecules that bear three idiotopes originally found on a monoclonal anti-beta galactosidase antibody. Because the frequencies of B cells carrying one of these idiotypes are dramatically different in the LPS- and NDCM-sensitive B cells subsets, we conclude that the idiotypic repertoire is not randomly distributed among mitogen-reactive B cell subpopulations. PMID- 6979607 TI - Restricted nucleocytoplasmic relationship in activation of T and B lymphocytes. AB - Nuclei of murine T lymphocytes or B lymphocytes were purified and transferred into lethally irradiated whole spleen cells or B or T lymphocytes by means of polyethyleneglycol-mediated cell fusion. Transfer of lymphocyte nuclei could save the irradiated cells from cell death, and such reconstituted cells could respond to mitogens. The present study showed that nuclei of T cells could be activated in the concanavalin A-stimulated T cell cytoplasms but not in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cell cytoplasms. On the other hand, nuclei of B cells were activated in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cells but not in the concanavalin A-stimulated T cell cytoplasms. These data suggested that a specific interaction between cytoplasm and nucleus might exist in the activation of nuclei of each lymphocyte subset. PMID- 6979606 TI - A monoclonal T cell-replacing activity can act directly on B cells to enhance clonal expansion. AB - We have used a B cell cloning system in which the response of a single isolated B cell to lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulfide can be followed. We have shown that culture supernatants from the Dennert long-term alloreactive T cell line C.C3.11.75 increase the frequency of B cells stimulated to clonal expansion by mitogens. These culture supernatants are devoid of interleukin 1 and 2 but contain the T cell-replacing factor activity (DL)TRF. These experiments provide unequivocal proof that a T cell-derived factor or factors can act directly on a B lymphocyte in the absence of any other cell. PMID- 6979608 TI - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus killer T cells are lethal only in weakly disseminated murine infections. AB - Two types of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) viruses were studied which, upon intracerebral injection into adult C3H mice, provoked either (a) acute fatal central nervous system (CNS) disease or (b) life-long persistent infection. Both virus types, (a) aggressive and (b) docile, had been found to induce LCM-specific lymphocytes with comparable in vitro lytic activity (11). Because the requirement for T cells in the development of adult LCM disease has been extensively documented, we sought other reasons for the lack of acute disease in mice infected with docile virus. A striking correlation was found between the outcome of the infection and spread of virus to visceral organs. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that a 300-plaque forming unit inoculum of docile virus induced a population of T cells in donor mice fully capable of causing CNS disease in identically infected recipients. This disease causing ability was lost if the interaction was delayed beyond 3 d after infection of the recipients, but could be preserved by lowering the size of the viral inoculum in the recipients. Furthermore, without adoptive transfer, very low intracerebral doses of docile virus (which mimicked the normally slow spread of aggressive virus) were lethal. On the other hand, very high doses of aggressive virus, which mimicked the normally rapid spread of docile virus, did not induce fatal CNS disease. The results suggest that rapid dissemination of the LCM infection creates multiple target organs which divert the focused lethal T cell attack on the brain. PMID- 6979610 TI - Laxative abuse causing gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6979605 TI - Anti-Ia antibody in the sera of normal subjects after in vivo antigenic stimulation. AB - We showed that sera from normal subjects after antigenic challenge with intradermal PPD or Candida antigens or with subcutaneous tetanus vaccine contain a factor that blocks the binding of mouse monoclonal anti-Ia antibody to Ia positive T cells or to B35 M cells, an Ia-positive human B cell line. The blocking activity appears 48 to 72 h after antigenic challenge and is gone by day 7. The appearance of the anti-Ia blocking activity coincided with a drop in the percentage of Ia-positive T cells and non-T cells in the peripheral blood of these subjects and also with a decrease in the density of surface Ia on the non-T cell population. The blocking was not genetically restricted; that is, serum from a given subject blocked anti-Ia binding to Ia-positive T cells of subjects with different DR haplotypes. The blocking activity was contained in the IgM fraction of the sera. The blocking activity of the sera was eliminated after absorption of the sera with Ia-positive but not with Ia-negative human cell lines. It would appear, therefore, that the blocking of monoclonal anti-Ia binding is caused by an IgM anti-Ia antibody that appears in normals after in vivo antigenic challenge. PMID- 6979611 TI - Sperm-induced cell cycle activities in blastomeres arrested by the cytostatic factor of unfertilized eggs in Rana pipiens. AB - Suspensions of lysolecithin-treated sperm were injected into blastomeres of two cell embryos which had been arrested with the extract of unfertilized eggs containing cytostatic factor (CSF). Whereas the CSF-arrested blastomeres remained unchanged if no sperm were injected, those injected with sperm formed abortive cleavage furrows. The injected sperm exhibited characteristics similar to those associated with sperm injected into activated eggs. These were nuclear decondensation to the pronucleus, DNA synthesis, and late chromosome condensation to the metaphase stage. The activity of CSF-arrested blastomere cytoplasm to promote meiotic maturation when injected into ovarian oocytes rapidly decreased following sperm injection, but later fluctuated at low levels. It was suggested that the CSF-arrested blastomeres retained the potential to reinitiate cell cycle activities which could be evoked by sperm injection. PMID- 6979612 TI - [HLA-A, B, C antigens, Bf antigen and schizophrenia]. PMID- 6979609 TI - Enhancement of human blood eosinophil cytotoxicity by semi-purified eosinophil colony-stimulating factor(s). AB - Purified human blood eosinophils, when incubated in human placental conditioned medium (a source of colony-stimulating factors) [CSF]) demonstrate an enhanced ability to damage antibody- or complement-coated schistosomula. This enhancement represents a 4- to 10-fold increase of eosinophil schistosomicidal ability and a 10-fold lowering of the threshold for antibody or complement required in the killing reaction. The activity that enhances eosinophil cytotoxicity and the eosinophil colony-stimulating activity in the placental conditioned medium are eluted in the same fraction (CSF-alpha) after chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and phenyl-Sepharose columns, suggesting that these two activities might be associated with the same molecule. CSF-alpha enhances the adherence step of the killing reaction: antibody-coated larvae were frequently found covered by several layers of eosinophils in tubes containing CSF-alpha. Such a degree of adherence was rarely seen in control tubes lacking CSF-alpha. This enhancement of the eosinophil adherence is detectable 45-60 min after addition of CSF-alpha to the culture. It is not affected by washing the cells after a short time of preincubation with CSF-alpha, and it occurs in the absence of protein synthesis, whereas colony-stimulating activity requires continuous protein synthesis and ceases when CSF is removed from the culture. Finally, CSF-alpha enhances the temperature-dependent reaction that insures the irreversibility of eosinophil attachment to schistosomula. These observations suggest that eosinopoietic factors could be responsible for some of the modified properties of blood eosinophils in eosinophilic individuals. PMID- 6979613 TI - Facial nerve preservation in patients with large acoustic neuromas treated by a combined middle fossa transtentorial translabyrinthine approach. AB - With large acoustic neuromas, the primary goal of surgery is safe total removal of the tumors, and the secondary goal is preservation of nearby neural structures, including the facial nerve. In a series of 15 consecutive patients with large cerebellopontine angle tumors, all of which were more than 2.5 cm in diameter, tumor excision was performed by a one-stage combined middle fossa translabyrinthine approach. There were 13 acoustic neuromas, 10 of which were more than 4 cm in diameter, one petrous apex meningioma 4 cm in diameter, and one facial neuroma 3 cm in diameter. The tumors were totally removed in all 15 patients. The facial nerve was preserved in 12 of 13 evaluable patients. In the 14th patient the nerve had been transected in a previous suboccipital procedure with incomplete removal, and in the 15th patient the nerve was sutured following excision of a facial neuroma. Thus, the nerve was lost at surgery in only one patient. This combined approach provided very clear visualization of the cerebellopontine angle, including the brain stem and the lower cranial nerves. It enabled identification of both the origin of the facial nerve at the brain stem and the lateral segment of the nerve in the internal auditory canal. Anterior extensions of tumor growing through the tentorial hiatus were easily removed. The results in these 15 patients show that this approach is excellent for total removal of large acoustic neuromas with preservation of the facial nerve. It is especially suitable for large tumors with anterior extensions. PMID- 6979615 TI - Single-photon emission tomography with a 12-pinhole collimator. AB - To assess the advantages of more complete angular sampling and of more views in the tomographic reconstruction process, tomographic imaging with a 12-pinhole (12PH) collimator has been compared with 7-pinhole tomography (7PH). The 12PH system gives a 50% increase in sensitivity but resolution degrades more rapidly with depth. The 7PH and 12PH systems provide similar accuracy of detection of lesions in a myocardial ring phantom. The 7PH images, however, demonstrated more noise and "ripple" artifacts. The 12PH system offers a larger reconstruction volume and generates fewer artifacts when the collimator is misaligned with the myocardial long-axis, thus making patient positioning less critical than with 7PH. A disadvantage is that individual views are minified by the 12PH collimator, and a 256 X 256 image matrix should be used during image acquisition to limit digital sampling errors. PMID- 6979614 TI - Positron tomography with deoxyglucose for estimating local myocardial glucose metabolism. AB - The deoxyglucose method originally developed for measurements of the local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose has been investigated in terms of its application to cardiac studies with positron computed tomography (PCT) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Studies were performed in dogs to measure the tissue kinetics of FDG with PCT and by arterial and venous sampling. The operational equation developed in our laboratory as an extension of the Sokoloff model was used to analyze the data. Error propagation, primarily from corrections applied to remove spillover of activity from the myocardial blood pool to tissue and from partial-volume effects in the PCT images, limited accuracy in the estimation of the individual rate constants for transport, phosphorylation, and dephosphorylation. However, a constant representing the combination of transport and phosphorylation was accurately determined and yielded measured values of the myocardial metabolic rate for glucose (MMRGlc) that were in good agreement with direct determinations using the Fick method over a wide range of glucose metabolic rates (from 1.7 to 21.1 mg/min-100 g). The lumped constant (0.67 +/- 0.10) was also found accurate and stable over this range of metabolism. The FDG method accurately predicted the true MMRGlc even when the glucose metabolic rate was normal but myocardial blood flow (MBF) was five times the control value, or when metabolism was reduced to 10% of normal and MBF increased to five times normal. Improvements of PCT resolution are required to improve the accuracy of the estimates of the rate constant and the MMRGlc. PMID- 6979616 TI - The radiation dosimetry of 2 [F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in man. AB - Bladder and brain time-activity measurements in humans were performed after the intravenous administration of 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Radiation doses were calculated using the MIRD schema. The bladder wall received an average of 440 mrad/mCi (s.e. 76) in ten subjects who voided at 2 hr after administration of tracer. If these subjects had voided at 1 hr, the bladder-wall dose would have been reduced to 220 mrad/mCi. The brain received an average of 81 mrad/mCi in eight subjects. The doses to other organs, calculated from published dog biodistribution data, are between 50 and 85 mrad/mCi except for spleen and heart, which both received 160 mrad/mCi. These time-activity measurements for the critical organ in the human avoid the assumptions made in using animal biodistribution data for human dosimetry calculations. PMID- 6979617 TI - Perspectives on tomography. PMID- 6979618 TI - Myocardial metabolic imaging: a new diagnostic era. PMID- 6979619 TI - [Immunology of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 6979620 TI - The reaction of xenogeneic and monoclonal antisera with Reed-Sternberg cells. AB - Xenogeneic antisera have been prepared against human monocytes, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. The reactivity of these antisera against a variety of normal and neoplastic cells is described. Reed-Sternberg cells from three cases of Hodgkin's disease failed to react with xenogeneic anti-T and anti-monocyte sera, but reacted with an anti-B serum. A further three cases were examined with monoclonal antibodies. Negative results were obtained with monoclonal anti-T and positive results were given by monoclonal antibodies directed against DR and HLA antigens. PMID- 6979621 TI - Prophylactic use of TMP-SMZ in leukemia. PMID- 6979622 TI - Bone mineral content and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in breast-fed infants with and without supplemental vitamin D: one-year follow-up. PMID- 6979623 TI - Transient elevation of alkaline phosphatase possibly related to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole therapy. PMID- 6979624 TI - Clinical-pathological conference. Progressive generalized edema in an 8-year-old boy with agammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6979625 TI - Effect of the calcium antagonists bepridil (CERM-1978) and verapamil on Ca++ dependent slow action potentials in frog skeletal muscle. AB - The calcium slow channels found in cardiac and smooth muscle are blocked by calcium-antagonistic agents. In the present study, the effects of the Ca++ antagonistic drugs bepridil and verapamil on the slow action potentials (APs) found in the frog skeletal muscle were examined. Slow APs were induced in Cl-- free (acetate substituted), Na+-free (sucrose substituted), high K+ (25 mM)media. A conventional two-microelectrode recording technique was used. Amplitude of the slow APs increases linearly with log [Ca]o with a slope of 28.2 mV/decade, suggesting that Ca++ is the major inward current carrier because this value approaches the theoretical slope of 29 mV/decade (at 21 degrees C) predicted by the Nernst equation for a divalent cation. Duration also increases with increases in [Ca]o. The slow APs were abolished by glycerol shock treatment, which disconnects the T-tubules from the surface membrane, suggesting that the slow APs originate in the T-tubules. Verapamil and bepridil depress the amplitude of the slow APs in a use-dependent manner at concentrations of 5 X 10-9 to 1 X 10-6 M and abolish the slow APs at 5 X 10-6 M. These drugs also decrease the rates of rise of the slow APs. Bepridil decreases the duration of the slow APs, whereas verapamil has little effect, suggesting that bepridil, in addition to blocking the slow channels, might also increase gk. Thus, the slow channels found in the T tubular system of frog skeletal muscle have some of the same properties of slow channels in vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. PMID- 6979627 TI - The PM-1 antibody test in a patient with rheumatic complaints. PMID- 6979626 TI - The influence of B27 antigen on the clinical and radiographic picture of definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6979628 TI - T lymphocyte subpopulations in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The number of various lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of 28 patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied. The results were correlated with the disease activity, as assessed by the Ritchie index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and clinical impression. Patients with active RA showed decreased numbers of T mu lymphocytes, strongly increased numbers of Tnull lymphocytes and slightly increased percentages of Fc gamma lymphocytes as compared to 22 healthy donors. Patients with inactive RA had similar, less striking, but significant changes in T mu and Tnull lymphocytes, but in contrast to patients with active RA had Increased numbers of T gamma lymphocytes. The imbalances in T mu and Tnull cells in patients with RA might be explained by endogenous T mu cell activation, resulting in increased numbers of Tnull cells. PMID- 6979629 TI - Evaluation of T cell subsets with monoclonal antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6979630 TI - Fourth Smissman Award Address. The long search for valid structure-action relationships in drugs. AB - In 1869, Crum Brown discovered the first structure-activity link by showing that alkaloids, even convulsive ones, were converted by N-methylation to muscle relaxants resembling curarine (itself a quaternary amine). This led to an attempt to link every type of drug action to its own cluster of atoms. This quest was jolted when Loewi (1926) found that a quaternary amine (acetylcholine) was the principal activator of muscle! Suddenly it was seen that a chemical group could be either an agonist or antagonist, depending on its molecular setting. That the agonists were smaller molecules suggested operation of a steric factor. Moreover, Cushny (1926) had focused attention on optical enantiomers: usually only one member of each pair had biological activity, although both were identical in all other properties. The stage was now set for physical properties to play the leading role in relating structure to activity. People recalled the demonstration by Overton and Meyer (1900) that the depressant action of a drug was linked to its lipophilicity. Unhappily, further physical correlations were slow to appear. My colleagues and I, who had been studying (from 1941) the antimicrobial action of aminoacridines and hydroxyquinolines, established quantitatively the role of ionization and chelation (two electronic influences) in the action of drugs. Today most people would agree that the most important properties in determining the action of drugs are not some particular nucleus or substituent but a trio of physical properties: lipophilicity, electron distribution, and shape. Although these properties govern the activity of drugs, their selectivity is due, as I have long maintained, to another trio of properties, namely, comparative distribution (not necessarily lipophilic), comparative biochemistry, and comparative cytology. PMID- 6979631 TI - Postsplenectomy sepsis in an adult following antipneumococcal immunization. PMID- 6979632 TI - Splenic vein thrombosis: a curable form of portal hypertension. PMID- 6979633 TI - Electrophysiological and pharmacological study of the inotropic effects of adrenaline, dopamine and tryptamine on frog atrial fibres. PMID- 6979634 TI - Effects of chloride replacement in cardiac muscle: mechanisms of positive inotropy. PMID- 6979635 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis after trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy. PMID- 6979638 TI - Use of pneumatic antishock garment. PMID- 6979637 TI - TV report on DTP galvanizes US pediatricians. PMID- 6979636 TI - Non-association of Peyronie's disease with HLA B7 cross-reactive antigens. PMID- 6979639 TI - [Pain-alleviating effects of the epidural stimulation--with percutaneous and implantable devices (PISCES) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979641 TI - [Clinical studies of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical trials of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM), a new macrolide antibiotic were carried out on 46 pediatric patients of 1 month to 11 years old with infections (acute pharyngitis 12, acute tonsillitis 1, acute bronchitis 14, asthmatic bronchitis 10, acute pneumonia 1, primary atypical pneumonia 2, Mycoplasma pneumonia 4 and pertussis 2). As a rule, MOM was given orally at a daily dose of 20 approximately 40 mg/kg divided into 3 times. The clinical results were excellent in 5 patients, good in 21, fair in 7 and poor in 13 and the efficacy rate was 56.5%. Side effects were observed in 4 patients (diarrhea, exanthema, urticaria and eosinophilia, 1 patient respectively). MOM is easy to take and a useful antibiotic for treating patients with bacterial infections, in particular, respiratory tract infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. PMID- 6979640 TI - [Studies on in vitro susceptibility of various anaerobic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979642 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The dry syrup of MOM was administered orally to 17 patients mainly with heart diseases at doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. In 17 cases, the serum level was measured and in 4 cases, the urinary excretion rate including the metabolites of MOM. 2. The mean maximal concentrations were 0.54 mcg/ml at 30 minutes for the group of 10 mg/kg treatment and 0.33 mcg/ml at 1 hour for the group of 20 mg/kg treatment. The dose response was not observed obviously in both groups. 3. In each of the cases, the sum of excretion rates of metabolites in the 24-hour urine was about 1%. 4. MOM was administered clinically to 39 cases with respiratory tract infections and the overall efficacy rate was 85%. 5. In this study, 5 strains of S. pyogenes were isolated and the eradication rate was 60%. 6. Although severe side effects were not observed, gastrointestinal abnormalities like diarrhea and vomiting were seen in 3 cases. 7. Any pediatric patient did not refuse taking. PMID- 6979643 TI - [Differential counts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with advanced cancers using sheep red blood cell rosette test and immunobeads rosette test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979644 TI - [Studies on kallikrein-kinin enzyme system in cryoglobulinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979645 TI - [Comedo nevus of the palm, derived from sweat ducts (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979646 TI - [Annular erythemas in patients with collagen diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979647 TI - [Two cases of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)--an ultrastructural study of skin lesions and peripheral blood cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979648 TI - [Studies of cutaneous malignant lymphoma--especially about T gamma cell (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979649 TI - [A case of elastosis perforans serpiginosa associated with Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979650 TI - Biotransformation of coumarin derivatives (1). 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylase in liver microsomes. AB - The in vitro metabolic fate of 7-alkoxycoumarin was studied using liver microsomes. Microsomal enzyme catalyzed dealkylation of 7-alkoxycoumarin to 7 hydroxycoumarin in the presence of NADPH and molecular oxygen as cofactors was found to be one of the metabolic pathways. The metabolite 7-hydroxycoumarin was further metabolized to unidentified metabolite(s) in the presence of NADPH and O2 at a very slow rate, while the formation of the conjugate of 7-hydroxycoumarin with glucuronic acid was observed in the presence of UDPGA. Microsomal 7 alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylase activity was altered by the substitution of the alkyl group of the substrate, and the substitutions to either an O-propyl or an O-butyl group resulted in a decrease of the enzyme activity. Species differences were observed in the substrate specificity of microsomal O-dealkylation. The O dealkylase activities in rat liver microsomes were stimulated by pretreatment of the animals with phenobarbital, regardless of the O-alkyl substituent at the 7 position of the coumarin ring. On the other hand, pretreatment with 3 methylcholanthrene or beta-naphthoflavone resulted in marked increase of O deethylation. O-depropylation and O-debutylation activities, but not of O demethylation activity. Pretreatment of animals with beta-naphthoflavone also resulted in remarkable stimulation of 7-hydroxycoumarin-glucuronide formation by the microsomal enzyme, while the conversion of 7-hydroxycoumarin to unidentified metabolite(s) was activated by the pretreatment of rats with only phenobarbital. The O-dealkylation activities in liver microsomes from intact and phenobarbital pretreated rats were inhibited markedly by the addition of hexobarbital to the incubation mixture, but no inhibition was observed with alpha-naphthoflavone. On the other hand, the O-dealkylation activities in microsomes from beta naphthoflavone-pretreated rats were inhibited remarkably by alpha-naphthoflavone. These results confirmed that several microsomal enzymes, including the cytochrome P-450's and UDP-glucuronyltransferase, participate in the biotransformation of 7 alkoxycoumarin, and these enzymes are regulated differently by inducers. PMID- 6979652 TI - The use of a long intestinal ("bleeder") tube in the diagnosis of occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6979651 TI - 2'-Deoxycoformycin-induced hemolysis in the mouse. AB - 2'-Deoxycoformycin (dCF), a tight-binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, has recently been entered into clinical trials. Toxicity has included lymphopenia, seizures, coma, conjunctivitis, renal failure, and hemolysis. Mice treated with dCF on a variety of schedules exhibited massive hemolysis. Hemolysis was brief, lasting about 20 hours, and did not recur upon readministration of the drug unless readministration was delayed for at least 6 days after initial exposure, which suggests that a sensitive subpopulation of cells was selectively destroyed. Splenectomy failed to protect the animals from dCF-induced hemolysis. Administration of adenosine or 2'-deoxyadenosine without dCF did not cause hemolysis, and use of these two agents with dCF did not potentiate the observed hemolysis. ATP and dATP levels were measured in erythrocytes, and changes in levels of these nucleotides did not correspond with the development of hemolysis. PMID- 6979653 TI - Clinical conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital: ventricular tachycardia and the internal defibrillator. PMID- 6979655 TI - [Intraocular infections in perforating eye injuries (author's transl)]. AB - Our of 688 eyes with perforating injuries in 16 cases (2.33%) which were operated on in the years 1973 to 1979, a serious intraocular infection occurred. In 8.94% of the cases in which there were foreign bodies, and in 0.88% of the remaining cases, without intraocular foreign bodies, infection also occurred, although antibiotics were administered prophylactically. With intensive combined antibiotic therapy, and by performing vitrectomy as early as possible it is sometimes possible to save the bulb, and in some cases useful residual function can be achieved. The success of early results of vitrectomy in endophthalmitis recorded in the literature to date could not be obtained as late results in our cases. PMID- 6979656 TI - [Differential diagnosis of corneal changes in wearers of Hema lenses (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a disease of the cornea resembling keratitis nummularis developed by patients wearing Hema lenses. The large disk-shaped subepithelial opacities are accompanied by pathologic changes in the endothelium of the peripheral parts of the cornea. Etiologically, it is believed that there is an immunologic process acting on components of the lenses and the solutions they are cleaned with and kept in. The differential diagnosis between Dimmer's nummular keratitis, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and herpetic corneal diseases in discussed. PMID- 6979654 TI - Circulating immune complexes in idiopathic glomerular disease. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) could be found in the majority of 271 sera from 131 patients with idiopathic minimal change, membranous and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis when a combination of CIC assays detecting different properties of CIC were used. In neither individual patients nor in any of the three groups as a whole did CIC levels reflect the state of the renal lesion. No correlation was found between the class of immunoglobulin in the CIC and that deposited in the kidney. With the exception of minimal change disease in which non-C1q binding IgG CIC predominated, a range of CIC was found in the patients examined. The pattern of CIC detected did not allow different forms of renal disease to be distinguished. IgA CIC could be found in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis both with and without IgA deposition and in some patients with membranous and minimal change disease, as well as in a high proportion of sera from 12 patients with the Henoch-Schonlein syndrome. CIC size was estimated in six patients, but only in one did a specific size of complex predominate. The CIC which may be found in the majority of sera from patients with idiopathic glomerulonepohritis provide little information of clinical value; no direct relationship can be demonstrated between the CIC found and the renal lesion. PMID- 6979657 TI - [Treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis by vitrectomy and intraocularly administered antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - Local and systemic applications of antibiotics in cases of vitreous bacterial infections have proved insufficient because of blood-vitreous barriers. Intravitreal antibiotic injections overcome these barriers and may control the infection. Recommendations are given for intravitreal therapy with Gentamicin, combined with a pars plana vitrectomy in advanced infections. PMID- 6979658 TI - [Results of vitrectomy in acute and chronic endophthalmitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979659 TI - [The corneal endothelium in ophthalmic zoster (author's transl)]. AB - Up till now corneal endothelium changes in ophthalmic zoster have practically escaped general attention. According to our observations, however, a corneal endotheliitis is a regular feature in acute ocular zoster and often occurs as a late complication as well. The authors report on individual controls of the corneal endothelium by means of specular microscopy in six zoster patients who were treated with steroid eye drops. PMID- 6979660 TI - A statewide comparison of student alcohol and marijuana use patterns at urban and rural public schools. PMID- 6979663 TI - Internal mammary graft: improved flow resulting from correction of steal phenomenon. PMID- 6979661 TI - Effect of prostaglandin on cell membrane permeability and hepatic high-energy stores following hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 6979662 TI - Monoclonal antibodies as probes for estrogen receptor detection and characterization. AB - Splenic lymphocytes from a Lewis rat, immunized with purified estradiol-receptor complex of calf uterine nuclei, were fused with cells of three mouse myeloma lines to yield several monoclonal lines of hybridoma cells that secrete antiestrophilin antibodies, which, like the antiserum of the immunized rat, react specifically with estrophilin of calf tissues. In contrast, a Lewis rat, immunized with cytosol estradiol-receptor complex from MCF-7 human breast cancer cells after purification by a novel affinity chromatography technique, gave antiserum that crossreacts with receptor from mammalian as well as avian tissues. Monoclonal antibodies secreted by three hybridoma cell lines derived from this immunized rat showed interesting differences in cross reactivity. All recognized receptor from primate sources, two of the three monoclonal preparations recognized receptor from calf and rat uterus as well, but none reacted with estrophilin from hen oviduct. Thus, in addition to similarities, there appear to be immunocytochemical differences between estrogen receptors from mammalian and avian sources and between receptors from primate and non-primate tissues. These monoclonal antibody preparations, recognizing different determinants on the estrophilin molecule, provide a novel approach to the study of receptor structure and function as well as the basis for a simple immunoradiometric determination of estrogen receptors in human breast cancers. Preliminary studies indicate that they also may prove useful for the immunocytochemical detection of estrophilin in tissue sections. PMID- 6979664 TI - Arterio venous malformations of the duodenum: a report of three cases. PMID- 6979665 TI - [Medical treatment of hemorrhage in portal hypertension of the cirrhotic patient using propanolol]. PMID- 6979666 TI - Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: operative complication in non-otologic surgery. AB - Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a well recognized phenomenon in otologic practice with both viral and vascular etiologies being supported. However, sudden hearing loss as a complication of non-otologic surgical procedure is a seldom reported and rare phenomenon. Five cases of unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss which are time related and probably causally related to non-otologic surgery are presented. Two cases underwent open heart surgery and support previous reports of hearing loss secondary to cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. Three noncardiac cases are also reviewed. None of these patients had prior otologic disease which would predispose to a sudden hearing loss, and no intraoperative or postoperative complication was specifically noted as a cause of the hearing loss. The literature is reviewed and attention is drawn to the problem. We wish to encourage further reports and to recommend early identification and treatment in those cases related to cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6979668 TI - Repetition, cuing, and state-dependent memory. PMID- 6979667 TI - [Transfusion therapy in massive obstetrical hemorrhages]. PMID- 6979669 TI - Characterization of cells infiltrating the lungs of x-irradiated and nude mice after influenza virus infection. AB - After X-irradiated and nonirradiated mice (C3H/He) as well as athymic nude mice and haired littermates (BALB/c) were infected with influenza A virus (Kumamoto strain, H2N2), they were examined for survival period, the development of consolidation in the lungs and the characteristics of the cells infiltrating the lung tissues. In two different T-cell deficient groups, there was a definite delay in the development of consolidation compared with their respective controls and this was reflected in prolonged survival periods: 5 days longer for irradiated mice and 6 days longer for nude mice. In both T-cell deficient and normal groups, about 70% of the cells obtained from consolidated lung tissues after virus infection were found to be small lymphoid cells and there were no morphological differences between the T-cell deficient and normal groups. None of these small lymphoid cells from the peripheral blood or the spleen of T-cell deficient mice responded to concanavalin A. In the lungs of both X-irradiated mice and nude mice, however, a definite increase in cells having natural killer activity was found at the late stages of the influenza infection, suggesting their participation in the development of consolidation. PMID- 6979670 TI - Alterations in the immunogenic properties of sheep erythrocytes by sonic disruption. AB - A solubilized sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antigen (supernatant fraction obtained by centrifuging 10(7)-2 x 108 sonicated SRBC at 6 x 10(4) g for 30 min [Sup SRBC]), whose ability to inhibit anti-SRBC plaque formation was 70% of that of the original sonicated SRBC, was unable to elicit a detectable antibody response in either unprimed or SRBC-primed mice. However, Sup-SRBC as well as intact SRBC antigens generated memory for the secondary response, which was transferable to irradiated syngeneic recipients by injection of immune spleen cells. The memory generated by Sup-SRBC involved helper memory for anti-trinitrophenyl group (TNP) response to challenge with TNP-conjugated SRBC. Increase in the helper T cell memory in the spleens of Sup-SRBC-primed mice was also demonstrated by an in vitro culture experiment and by an adoptive cell transfer experiment. In contrast, no detectable B cell memory was generated by Sup-SRBC. Repeated stimulation with Sup-SRBC never induced significant antibody response but reduced the level of memory. A single injection of a low dose (10(6)) of SRBC also failed to induce a definite primary antibody response generating memory for the secondary response. However, repeated stimulation with this dose of SRBC induced a high antibody response and generated good memory. From these results it is suggested that the intact structure of SRBC is required for the activation of B cells, but is not necessary for the stimulation of T cells. PMID- 6979672 TI - Blood-loss studies for new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6979671 TI - Does endogenous cortisol play a role in the development of cancer? PMID- 6979673 TI - Emergency coronary artery recanalisation in acute myocardial infarction. AB - A 48-year-old man presented to hospital with prolonged ischaemic chest pain. No electrocardiographic or enzymic changes of acute myocardial infarction were found. Angiography performed five days later showed 75% luminal narrowing of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, but no other significant abnormality. On the following day, he developed an acute anterior myocardial infarct. On repeat angiography, undertaken within 2 1/2 hours of the onset of symptoms, the LAD was found to be totally occluded. A guidewire was immediately passed through the occlusion, and streptokinase was infused through the left coronary artery for approximately 30 minutes. The vessel became patent immediately after the insertion of the guidewire, and remained so during the infusion of streptokinase. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery was successfully undertaken after the completion of the procedure. PMID- 6979674 TI - Dapsone-induced infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome. PMID- 6979676 TI - [Cutaneous histiocytosis X in an infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979675 TI - Expression in large amounts of both I-A and I-E antigens on the murine B-cell leukemia, BC1. PMID- 6979680 TI - The value of the Tanner #19 procedure in postoperative bilious vomiting with efferent loop obstruction. PMID- 6979681 TI - Cervical thymic cyst. PMID- 6979678 TI - Gastric fundopyloric relationships: a discussion prompted by "Vagal stimulation and inhibition of acid secretion and gastrin-release-which aspects are cholinergic". PMID- 6979682 TI - Structure of the major duodenal papilla. PMID- 6979677 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum and blind loop syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979679 TI - Evaluation of pancreatic exocrine function with the synthetic peptide BT-PABA in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6979683 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis of the bifurcation of the common hepatic duct. PMID- 6979684 TI - The effect of prolonged ethanol feeding on exocrine-endocrine pancreatic function. PMID- 6979685 TI - Intracellular amyloid in trabecular (Merkel cell) carcinoma of skin: ultrastructural study. PMID- 6979686 TI - Vision loss in cranial arteritis: relation to corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 6979687 TI - Atypical calcification of a uterine leiomyoma. PMID- 6979688 TI - Behavior of internal tibial torsion in infancy. PMID- 6979689 TI - A case of predominantly unilateral pseudoprimary hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 6979690 TI - Dilemmas in the management of carcinoma-in-situ of the urinary bladder. PMID- 6979691 TI - Prophylactic mastectomy. PMID- 6979692 TI - Torsade de pointes caused by disopyramide and hypokalemia. PMID- 6979693 TI - Sarcoidosis with immune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia: humoral aberrations responding to steroids or splenectomy. PMID- 6979694 TI - Intraoperative diagnosis of bronchoesophageal and malignant gastrocolic fistulae: a case report. PMID- 6979695 TI - Persistent renal failure following administration of naproxen. PMID- 6979697 TI - Ovarian hemangioma with acute abdominal pain. PMID- 6979696 TI - Dysrhythmia occurring during epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine. PMID- 6979698 TI - Endobronchial actinomycosis. PMID- 6979699 TI - Is a gastric drainage procedure necessary after proximal gastrectomy or esophagogastrectomy? PMID- 6979702 TI - Postoperative myocardial infarction following noncardiac surgery: a case report. PMID- 6979700 TI - Radiation injury to small intestine. PMID- 6979701 TI - Unusual presentation of herniated intervertebral disc: report of two cases. PMID- 6979704 TI - Variant angina. PMID- 6979703 TI - Trachoma. PMID- 6979706 TI - Incidence of severe von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6979705 TI - A consideration of the cholinergic nerve supply to the pancreas. PMID- 6979707 TI - Retinal cotton-wool spots in a patient with Pneumocystis carinii infection. PMID- 6979709 TI - Persistent polyclonal lymphocytosis of B lymphocytes. PMID- 6979711 TI - Risk of cancer after herpes zoster: a population-based study. AB - Herpes zoster has been associated with immune suppression, as has an increased risk of cancer. To determine whether patients with herpes zoster are at increased risk for subsequent cancer, we followed 590 residents of Rochester, Minnesota, for 9389 person-years after the diagnosis of herpes zoster. Subsequent relative cancer risks, overall and by specific site, were determined for the entire cohort and selected subgroups. In addition, relative risks of cancer during various intervals after the diagnosis of herpes zoster were determined. The overall relative risk was 1.1 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.3). Relative risks of specific cancer sites were not different from unity except for those for colon and bladder tumors in women, both of which were slightly elevated. Patients with disseminated, recurrent, or gangrenous zoster, with postherpetic neuralgia, and with ophthalmic zoster wee not at elevated risk for subsequent cancer. These findings do not support the investigation of patients for occult cancer at the time of diagnosis of herpes zoster or enhanced surveillance for cancer after such a diagnosis. PMID- 6979708 TI - Preoperative prediction of reversible myocardial asynergy by postexercise radionuclide ventriculography. AB - Myocardial asynergy is sometimes reversed by coronary bypass, and a noninvasive method of predicting which assess are reversible would be desirable. To assess whether changes in myocardial wall motion observed immediately after exercise can differentiate reversible from nonreversible myocardial asynergy, we evaluated 53 patients by radionuclide ventriculography before and after exercise and again at rest after coronary bypass surgery. Preoperative improvement in wall motion immediately after exercise was highly predictive of the surgical outcome (average chance-corrected agreement, 91 per cent). At surgery the asynergic segments that had improved after exercise were free of grossly apparent epicardial scarring. The accuracy of these predictions for postoperative improvement was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than that of analysis of Q waves on resting electrocardiography (average chance-corrected agreement, 40 per cent). In contrast, preoperative changes in left ventricular ejection fraction after exercise were not predictive of postoperative resting ejection fraction. We conclude that postexercise radionuclide ventriculography can be used to identify reversible resting myocardial asynergy. This test should prove effective in predicting which patients with myocardial asynergy are most likely to benefit from aortocoronary revascularization. PMID- 6979712 TI - HLA-B27 and colorectal cancer. PMID- 6979716 TI - Expression of lymphocyte surface IgE does not require switch recombination. PMID- 6979714 TI - Related genes can have unrelated introns. PMID- 6979713 TI - Electrophysiological action of kainic acid and folates in the in vitro olfactory cortex slice. PMID- 6979710 TI - Decreased levels of helper T cells: a possible cause of immunodeficiency in pregnancy. PMID- 6979715 TI - Sequence homology and structural comparison between the chromosomal human alpha 1 antitrypsin and chicken ovalbumin genes. AB - The human chromosomal alpha 1-antitrypsin gene has been cloned. This gene is approximately 5 kilobase pairs long and contains three intervening sequences in the peptide-coding region. DNA sequences coding for the amino and carboxyl termini of a alpha 1-antitrypsin have been identified. Human alpha 1-antitrypsin and chicken ovalbumin show significant sequences homology and belong to a common protein super-family. Yet the number, position and size of intervening sequences reveal that the two genes are dissimilar. PMID- 6979717 TI - Translation of mRNA for human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. PMID- 6979718 TI - Production of colony-stimulating factors by murine T cells in limiting dilution and long-term cultures. PMID- 6979719 TI - Ontogeny of the corticoliberin neuroglandular system in rat brain. PMID- 6979720 TI - Hybrids between rat lymphoma and mouse T cells with inducible cytolytic activity. PMID- 6979721 TI - Morphometric study of the influence of 5-hydroxytryptophan on the activity of certain hypothalamic centers in rats as a function of the state of their sexual system. PMID- 6979722 TI - Long-term suppression of central serotonergic activity by corticosteroids: a possible model of steroid-responsive myoclonic disorders. AB - Chronic administration of cortisol succinate (12.5 mg per kilogram per day) to guinea pigs suppressed jumping behavior induced by 1-5 hydroxytryptophan and abolished diurnal threshold variations of this behavior. Chronic corticosteroid administration did not alter threshold or diurnal variations of apomorphine induced stereotypy. These observations suggest that the efficacy of corticosteroids in some human myoclonic movement disorders may be related to central serotonergic inhibition. PMID- 6979723 TI - [Immunological aspects of alcoholics with and without liver disease]. PMID- 6979724 TI - [Epidemiology of alcoholic pathology in the departments of medicine, surgery and neurology of the Atessa, Casoli and Lanciano hospitals]. PMID- 6979725 TI - The general. PMID- 6979726 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in drug addict. PMID- 6979729 TI - Radiation cataractogenesis in the amphibian lens. AB - This report describes a reproducible and characteristic sequelae for radiation cataractogenesis in the amphibian. The development of lens opacification was investigated as a function of dose and time after X-irradiation of the eye of postmetamorphic bullfrogs. It was found that the development of radiation cataracts in frogs is both age and dose dependent. It was also determined that, far from being radiation resistant, frog lenses are sensitive to doses that are moderately cataractogenic for mammals. PMID- 6979730 TI - [Experimental basis for using a pulsed low-frequency electric current for the stimulation of reparative bony tissue regeneration]. PMID- 6979728 TI - Nd: YAG laser therapy of rectosigmoid bleeding due to radiation injury. AB - The Nd:YAG laser was used to treat a patient bleeding from the rectosigmoid as a result of radiation injury related to therapy for cervical carcinoma. Successful laser therapy was performed after a diverting colostomy failed to control persistent bleeding. Further surgical procedures were not required. Characteristics of Nd:YAG laser as compared with those of the carbon dioxide and argon lasers are considered. PMID- 6979727 TI - Control of postpartum uterine atony by intramyometrial prostaglandin. AB - Five patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony and unresponsive to oxytocin, ergonovine, and massage were treated with intramyometrial injection of 250 micrograms of prostaglandin (15S)-15-methyl PGF2 alpha-Tham. Four patients received 2 injections (500 micrograms), and 1 patient required 1 injection (250 micrograms). Three (60%) of 5 patients responded successfully with an increase in uterine tone and cessation of uterine hemorrhage, thus obviating the need for hysterectomy. Two patients had no uterine response, possibly because of delayed use of the drug, excessive blood loss, and accompanying shock; they required hysterectomy. Intramyometrial injection of prostaglandin is an effective and safe method of managing severe postpartum hemorrhage unresponsive to oxytocin and ergonovine, but it must be used early during the management of atony to obtain maximum effect. This method should precede surgical management of uterine atony. PMID- 6979731 TI - Otologic manifestations of aging. PMID- 6979732 TI - The vestibular system in the elderly. AB - Aging in the peripheral vestibular apparatus is shown to consist of processes similar to those occurring in other parts of the nervous system. Sensory epithelium and primary efferents degenerate and are not replaced. Type I hair cells and elements of the pars inferior are most susceptible. Remaining cells show a build-up of lipofuscin and microstructural changes suggesting compromised metabolism. Rupture of the saccular membrane and microfractures of the otic capsule are frequently seen. Otoconia undergo degeneration, and the tissue between the endolymphatic duct and bony vestibular aqueduct becomes fibrotic. The recognition of these findings is a first step in the clinical delineation of the "dysequilibrium of aging" from symptoms related to specific disease processes. Further clinical correlation will remain difficult until changes in the central vestibular pathways and their connections with the optic and locomotor systems are better understood. PMID- 6979733 TI - Development of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in a household contact treated with rifampin. PMID- 6979734 TI - [Cellular immunity indices in preschool children with acquired nonrheumatic myocardial lesions]. PMID- 6979735 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations of the peripheral blood in children with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 6979737 TI - [Coronary surgery - results, indications, and cost]. PMID- 6979736 TI - Effect of 50% external sodium in solutions of normal and twice normal tonicity on internal sodium activity in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Neutral carrier based sodium-selective microelectrodes were used to monitor intracellular sodium activity in single frog skeletal muscle fibres during exposure to 50% external sodium solutions at normal and twice normal tonicity. Intracellular sodium activity in normal Ringer was 12.3 +/- 0.7 mM and was increased to 34.4 +/- 1.3 mM in hypertonic solution. Exposure to normotonic or hypertonic solutions containing only 50% sodium (NaCl) replaced by sucrose to maintain tonicity) did not affect the intracellular sodium activity during at least 20 min. Thus, in frog skeletal muscle, external sodium appears not to play a major role in regulating internal sodium, e.g. through ion exchange mechanisms as postulated for other excitable tissues. PMID- 6979738 TI - [Nonspecific immunologic response in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6979739 TI - Guidelines for rheumatic disease management. From the Committee on Rheumatologic Practice of the American Rheumatism Association. PMID- 6979744 TI - "Angiodysplasia' of the tongue with acquired von Willebrand's disease. AB - A case of acquired von Willebrand's disease is reported in which the patient developed a swelling on the dorsum of the tongue. Histology of this lesion closely resembled that described in angiodysplasia of the colon. PMID- 6979743 TI - Radioimmunoassay of dermorphin-like peptides in mammalian and non-mammalian tissues. AB - A selective RIA for D-Ala2-Dermorphin (Der), a natural peptide extracted from amphibian skin, has been developed using an antibody raised in rabbits against Der which has been coupled to BSA through its phenolic hydroxyl groups of tyrosine residues with 2,4-Dichloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine. The cross reactivity of this antibody with dermorphin analogs, C- and N-terminal fragments of dermorphin molecule, some opioid and gastrointestinal peptides was tested. Der like immunoreactivity has been identified in tissue extracts of rats, frog and cephalopoda. Der-like peptides were purified by passing methanol extracts of the tissues through a Sephadex G25 column (16 x 100 cm) eluted with 0.1 M acetic acid at 4 degrees C. Der-like immunoreactivity from neural tissue of Dosidicus gigas, Eledone moscata, and rat brain showed a good agreement with an authentic sample of synthetic dermorphin. PMID- 6979741 TI - [Portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices in children. Esophageal transection with paraesophagogastric devascularization versus shunting procedures (author's transl)]. AB - It is known that portasystemic shunts in the treatment of portal hypertension causes in the long term a high rate of complications in children. The most severe are encephalopathy, postoperative hepatic failure in intrahepatic hypertension and occlusion or poor functioning of the shunts. The incidence of the last mentioned complication is high in children, especially in those operated in their early years of life. The most severe danger of portal hypertension is the haemorrhage from bleeding esophageal varices. During the last few years the technique of esophagogastric devascularization with esophageal transection and ligation of varices (Sugiura's procedure) has given a very high percentage of success in the long term. The Authors report their experience with Sugiura's procedure in 9 children with portal hypertension (average age at operation of four and half years). In six cases there was a prehepatic and in the other three an intrahepatic hypertension. The follow-up varied from six months to seven and half years with an average of almost four years. In all the children the surgical treatment was successful with the complete disappearance of haemorrhage and esophageal varices. For their own experience and for Sugiura's long-term results, the Authors think that Sugiura's procedure offers the most effective alternative to portasystemic shunts in the surgical treatment of portal hypertension, especially in early childhood. PMID- 6979742 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica infection in thalassemia. Report of one case (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors describe a rare case of Yersinia Enterocolitica (Y.E.) infection in a child affected by thalassemia. The onset of the disease was that of an acute enteritis with diarrhea, fever, vomiting and abdominal pain which subsequently evolved in a picture consistent with an acute appendicitis. Laparotomy was then performed and showed a marked suppurative mesenterial lymphadenitis with mild appendicular inflammation and Y.E. infection was suspected. Culture from lymphonodes confirmed the presence of Y.E. sensitive to tobramicin and CTM. The use of these chemiotherapic agents has been followed by a rapid clinical improvement. Our recent experience could suggest some practical considerations: 1) Culture of Y.E. should be routinely performed in all children affected by acute gastroenteritis and particularly in those, above 5 years of age, in which the infection can simulate acute appendicitis. 2) Special attention should be carried out in children affected by thalassemia who can easily present more serious disease often complicated by septicemia. 3) Therapy depends on the form and severity of the disease and should be always guided by in vitro sensitivity test because of the possibility of resistence of Y.E. against the most frequently used antibiotics in septicemia. PMID- 6979745 TI - Control of head pain in migraine using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. PMID- 6979747 TI - [Blood T-lymphocyte functional activity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients undergoing chemotherapeutic agent and vitamin treatment]. PMID- 6979746 TI - [Positive blood reaction in stool (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979748 TI - [Current aspects of tuberculin diagnosis]. PMID- 6979740 TI - [Gastrointestinal bleeding after low doses of aspirin: gastroscopic and clinical patterns in two pediatric patients (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of gastrointestinal bleeding (haematemesis-melena) after ingestion of low doses of aspirin are described. Gastroscopic examinations suddenly performed (until 24 hours) have shown the typical gastric alterations due to this drug. The Authors, besides calling the attention on the possible gastrointestinal accidents following salicylates ingestion, suggest that these events may easier occur with familial predisposition and with contemporary assumption of other gastrolesive drugs. PMID- 6979749 TI - [Immunology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6979750 TI - Multiple HLA-DR antigens: detection with monoclonal antibodies and translation in vitro. AB - L203 and L227 are mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for human HLA-DR antigens. Their reactivity with multiple, structurally different, HLA-DR antigens was examined by using radioiodinated human lymphoblastoid cells and cell lines, heterozygous or homozygous at the HLA-D locus. Antibody L203 precipitates DR antigens composed of 34,000 Mr heavy chains (alpha), and 28,000-29,000 Mr light chains (beta). Antibody L227 recognizes two other species of DR antigens. Their heavy chains have similar molecular weights of 34,000 but their light chains are different, one (beta) being 28,000-29,000 Mr and the other (beta') 23,000-25,000 Mr. Whereas L203 is directed against a combinatorial determinant generated by both DR chains, L227 is able to recognize each of the two light chains alone and reprecipitate them after their separate elution from sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Poly(A)-containing mRNA was isolated from Raji cells and translated in vitro by microinjection in Xenopus oocytes. The oocytes translated and fully assembled all the DR molecules recognized by L203 and L227 antibodies. PMID- 6979752 TI - Studies of the blood plasminogen activator induced by 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin with observations in von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6979751 TI - Purification and initial characterization of rat interleukin 2. AB - With the sequential use of dialysis, chromatography on Sephadex G-100, reactive red 120-agarose, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate-agarose, phenyl-Sepharose, poly(L lysine)-agarose, and isoelectrofocusing, the thymocyte stimulatory factor activity of interleukin 2 from rat spleen was purified about 8,000-fold. By the same procedures, the T cell growth factor activity of interleukin 2 was purified about 6,000-fold. The major peaks of thymocyte stimulatory factor activity and T cell growth factor activity cochromatographed in the various systems used, but T cell growth factor activity without significant thymocyte stimulatory factor activity was sometimes present. Both activities were found to have a pI between pH 5.50 and 6.30. Detectable thymocyte stimulatory factor activity was found at concentrations as low as 0.1-0.2 ng of protein per 0.2 ml. Dose--response plots were linear up to at least 1 ng of protein. Preparations of interleukin 2 labeled with 125I-containing Bolton--Hunter reagent and purified by the procedure mentioned above were electrophoresed on a polyacrylamide gel under denaturing and reducing conditions. The 125I-labeled material migrated in one major band with a molecular weight under 20,000 and three smaller bands with molecular weights of about 20,000, 60,000, and 90,000. Material with thymocyte stimulatory factor activity did not bind to a number of lectin-gels. PMID- 6979754 TI - The transport of urate in frog gastric mucosa. PMID- 6979753 TI - Recloned colonies positive for T-cell-associated antigens derived from mixed hemopoietic colonies (CFU-GEMM)1. PMID- 6979756 TI - Pain control with the aid of transcutaneous nerve stimulation. PMID- 6979757 TI - Inhibition of semiconservative DNA synthesis in ICR 2A frog cells exposed to monochromatic uv wavelengths (252-313 nm) and photoreactivating light. PMID- 6979758 TI - [Radiation damage and recovery of mouse T-cells. 3. Functional aspects of radiation damage and recovery of T- and B-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6979759 TI - Evaluation of the internal auditory canal using pluridirectional tomography with metrizamide. PMID- 6979755 TI - Errors associated with single-scan determinations of regional cerebral blood flow by xenon enhanced CT. AB - Possible errors in the determination of xenon concentrations in arterial blood, and uncertainties in CT tissue enhancements during inhalation of xenon-oxygen mixtures, are used to assess errors in the determination of regional cerebral blood flow by the in vivo autoradiographic (single-scan) technique. The results of this study indicate that errors associated with the determination of xenon concentrations in arterial blood decrease rapidly as the time of scanning after the initiation of xenon inhalation is increased. Analysis of errors caused by statistical uncertainties in image enhancement indicate that time of scanning is optimal between 1.5 and 2.5 min for determination of fast flow, while errors in slow-flow determinations gradually decrease as the time of scanning increases. PMID- 6979760 TI - Less common CT features of medulloblastoma. PMID- 6979761 TI - Radiographic findings in the esophagus following the Sugiura procedure. AB - Sixteen patients underwent a modification of the Sugiura procedure for bleeding esophageal varices, involving (a) esophageal transection, (b) splenectomy, (c) selective vagotomy, and (d) pyloroplasty. Five patients died, and the remaining 11 had barium studies of the esophagus and stomach which were compared with the preoperative appearance. Esophageal varices disappeared in 7 patients and persisted in 1. No recurrent bleeding or encephalopathy was seen: however, there were a large number of complications, including pleural effusion, ascites, ileus, pneumonia, and renal failure. Hepatic failure, respiratory failure, and sepsis secondary to gastrointestinal leakage also occurred and were fatal in all cases. As the Sugiura procedure is increasingly being employed in the United States, radiologists should be familiar with the spectrum of postoperative radiographic findings in the esophagus and stomach. PMID- 6979762 TI - [Complications of alcohol injection into the mandibular nerve. Gasserian palsy and oculomotor palsy (author's transl)]. AB - Total sensory loss, ptosis, ocular muscle palsy and pupil dilatation were noted after alcohol injection into mandibular nerve for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (in the right 2. and 3. division). The diagnosis was made that the injected alcohol induced the Gasserian palsy and oculomotor palsy. The oculomotor palsy was fully recovered except slight pupil dilatation after four months. The mechanism and prophylaxis of these complications are discussed. PMID- 6979763 TI - [Biliodigestive anastomosis in non-malignant bile duct diseases]. PMID- 6979765 TI - [Goiter among Brazilian Indians]. PMID- 6979764 TI - [Serologic markers of hepatitis]. PMID- 6979766 TI - [Community program for promoting breast feeding. Report of an experience]. PMID- 6979767 TI - [Clinical aspects of massive intestinal resection. Analysis of 21 cases]. PMID- 6979768 TI - [Subclinical detection of neoplastic lesions of the breast by plate thermography. Experience with 3000 cases examined]. PMID- 6979770 TI - [Evaluation of thyroid autoantibodies in diffuse toxic goiter: pre- and postoperative study]. PMID- 6979769 TI - [Prevalence of arterial hypertension in the city of Manaus]. PMID- 6979772 TI - [Analgesics II. Antalgics, antipyretics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 6979771 TI - [Digestive complications of typhoid fever]. PMID- 6979773 TI - Myeloid metaplasia in vitamin D deficiency rickets. PMID- 6979775 TI - Polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes by formaldehyde fixed Salmonella paratyphi B. II. Heterogeneity of B lymphocytes. AB - B-cell 'activation' in cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I, or formaldehyde-fixed Salmonella paratyphi B (SPB) was evaluated by enumeration of cells secreting immunoglobulin (Ig) and by quantitation of Ig released into culture supernatants. A dissociation between these two values was found after day 6 in cultures activated with PWM or SPB, suggesting that Ig-secreting cells (ISC) are heterogeneous in terms of Ig secretion rate. Generation of ISC in cultures activated with PWM or SPB was partially inhibited by hydroxyurea, but Ig levels in culture supernatants were not affected. These results indicate that there are at least two subpopulations of ISC in stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures, one sensitive to, and the other resistant to, hydroxyurea. The hydroxyurea-resistant subpopulation appeared to be more mature and to release most all of the Ig detected in culture supernatants. Furthermore, time-course studies of ISC numbers and Ig levels showed that each ISC in SPB-stimulated cultures (but not in PWM-stimulated cultures) was more active in Ig synthesis and secretion after day 8 than before day 6, indicating that after day 8 most of the ISC in cultures activated with SPB were hydroxyurea-resistant. These studies suggest that SPB is another useful polyclonal B-cell 'activator' for studies of human B-cell differentiation and function, and that SPB defines two distinct subsets of B cells. PMID- 6979774 TI - Characterization of normal human mononuclear blood cells during diffusion chamber (DC) culture with respect to proliferation and expression of T-cell antigen. AB - Normal human mononuclear blood cells were cultured for 13 d in diffusion chambers and the cell harvest on days 3, 6, 9 and 13 was characterized according to morphology, growth kinetics and surface antigen expression. The greatest part of the cell harvest consisted on all days of lymphoid cells. It could be shown that most of the cells carried the T-cell marker, the main growing population thus being T-cells. The mean anti-T-binding capacity per cell increased during the initial lag phase and reached its peak when the cell count was lowest. It dropped again during the following exponential growth phase to preculture values. These changes indicate an initial increase in surface antigen during the transition of cells from resting to a more activated state before the onset of DNA-synthesis, and a subsequent decrease which may indicate functional maturation. PMID- 6979778 TI - Physical therapy and rehabilitation. AB - The literature on physical therapy and rehabilitation in osteoarthrosis of the hip and knee joint has been reviewed. The number of controlled clinical studies is rather limited and the clinical material is generally not clearly defined. It may be concluded, however, that the effect of short-wave, micro-wave and ultrasound on joint pain is not superior to that of sham treatment. Ice therapy and transcutaneous nerve stimulation appear to be of definite value, but the effect is transient. Controlled trials indicate that mobilization of joint and muscle contractures is facilitated by diathermy and ultrasound. Training of muscle function should include training of endurance and balance reaction. Technical aids and training of activities of daily living are an important part of the rehabilitation program, that has to be based on the functional problems experienced by the patient. PMID- 6979777 TI - Interference by rheumatoid factor and C1q in the detection of IgG complexes: studies of model systems by ELISA. AB - Interference by purified IgM rheumatoid factors (RFs) and C1q in the detection of model complexes was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Soluble monoclonal and polyclonal cryoglobulin IgM RFs and human or porcine C1q inhibited dose-dependently the binding of human IgG complexes to solid-phase IgM RF, C1q, and bovine conglutinin (Kg). The inhibition patterns of the Kg binding were dependent on the order of confrontation between the reactants. To achieve inhibition, C1q or RF had to be offered to the complexes before treatment with fresh normal human serum (NHS); complexes pretreated with fresh NHS (alexinated complexes) were resistant to inhibition. Heating at 56 degrees C or 63 degrees C, which destroyed the alexinating capacity of NHS, did not affect the Kg binding of alexinated complexes. On the basis of present and previous findings it is concluded that intrinsic C1q and RFs are likely to interfere with detection of circulating immune complexes (CICs) in C1q- or RF-binding assays; they are less likely to interfere with detection of CICs in Kg-binding assays. The problems associated with selective removal of intrinsic C1q and RFs are discussed. PMID- 6979780 TI - Muscular contraction: kinetics of crossbridge attachment studied by high frequency stiffness measurements. AB - Instantaneous stiffness of frog skeletal muscle, an indication of the proportion of attached crossbridges, was determined drug the tetanus rise and after a step length change imposed during the tetanus plateau. During the onset of contraction as well as after a step, the ratio of stiffness to force differed from that determined during the tetanus plateau. The data after a step are predicted by the Huxley-Simmons model of muscular contraction, but the results during the rise suggest that a long-lived state may exist between crossbridge attachment and force generation. PMID- 6979779 TI - Frequency of rheumatic diseases in patients with acute anterior uveitis. AB - The frequency of associated rheumatic diseases was studied in 271 patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU). In a retrospective examination of 154 patients with AUU (mean follow-up period of 6 years) associated rheumatic symptoms were observed in 64 (41.6%). Forty-one patients (26.6%) had ankylosing spondylitis and 39 (25.3%) manifestations of Reiter's disease. Radiographic sacro-iliitis was seen in 35 (34%) of 103 consecutive x-ray examined patients with AAU. Furthermore, in another series of 38 patients, who all, in addition to having AAU, also complained of low back pain or had manifestations of Reiter's disease, 23 (60.5%) had radiographic sacro-iliitis. Classical ankylosing spondylitis was more frequent in men with AAU whereas milder forms of the disease occurred more equally in both sexes. HLA-B27 occurred in 35 (87.5%) of 40 HLA-typed patients with AAU. Associated rheumatic diseases occurred in 18 (51.4%) of the 35 HLA-B27 positive patients but in none of the HLA-B27 negative patients. The results support the hypothesis that a pleiotropic HLA-B27 associated gene may determine the susceptibility to AAU, sacro-iliitis, ankylosing spondylitis, and Reiter's disease. PMID- 6979781 TI - Frank Press takes exception to NAS panel recommendations on marijuana. PMID- 6979776 TI - Protein A reactivity of lymphocytes from some patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia mediated by an interaction with the F(ab')2 region of surface immunoglobulin. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 15 of 38 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were capable of forming rosettes with human erythrocytes coated with staphylococcal protein A (SpA-HRBC). PBL from seven patients also showed a marked proliferative response after stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strain Cowan I (Cowan Staph). The SpA-rosetting of CLL cells was inhibited by incubation with F(ab')2 fragments of anti immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies. In addition, incubation with these fragments inhibited the proliferative response of leukaemic B cells to Cowan Staph. The Cowan-Staph induced proliferation of CLL cells was also impaired by the addition of normal human IgG and human IgG F(ab')2 fragments to the cultures, whereas non immune rabbit IgG was not inhibitory. The inhibitory activity of human IgG F(ab')2 fragments was retained by a SpA-Sepharose column, and it was found in the material recovered from the same column by acid elution. These data indicate that an interaction between SpA and a structure located in the F(ab')2 region of surface Ig of different classes is responsible for either SpA-binding or the Cowan-Staph-induced proliferative response of PBL from some patients with CLL. PMID- 6979783 TI - Detection of gastrointestinal bleeding with 99mTc-sulfur colloid. AB - We have developed a single scintigraphic technique to detect and localize the site of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. This examination requires only intravenous administration of 99m-Technetium sulfur colloid and imaging of the abdomen. Very shortly after the introduction of the radiopharmaceutical, a fraction of the injected activity extravasates at the bleeding site and is eliminated from the circulation. This phenomenon is repeated each time the blood recirculates adding another, but smaller fraction to the extravasated activity at the site of hemorrhage. Because of continued clearance of the radiopharmaceutical from the vascular pool by the reticuloendothelial system, a contrast is eventually reached between the site of bleeding and surrounding background. Based on animal experiments bleeding rates as low as .05-0.1 cc/min can be detected with this technique. The sensitivity of the approach in the detection of the site of hemorrhage is significantly higher than arteriography or other techniques which utilize radioactive blood pool indicators. We have mainly used this technique in the evaluation of patients with GI bleeding. In more than 25 patients with negative scintigrams for hemorrhage, arteriography showed no evidence of bleeding. In 38 patients with scintigraphic evidence of bleeding. In 38 patients with scintigraphic evidence of hemorrhage, arteriograms were positive for bleeding in les than 50% of the cases. No false positive results have been noted in the latter group. This technique appears to offer a simple, practical and reliable approach to the evaluation of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6979782 TI - 24-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3: is it required for embryonic development in chicks? AB - As shown previously, laying hens given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as their sole source of vitamin D produce fertile eggs having normal shells, but only 35 to 55 percent of the embryos are normal. Giving these hens additional 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 at 1.25 nanomoles per day resulted in 90 to 100 percent normal embryos, and hence, hatchability. Since 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 cannot be 24 hydroxylated, 24-hydroxylation is not required for this function of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 6979784 TI - [Refugee children of the Asiatic South-East: specific problems, tuberculosis]. PMID- 6979786 TI - [Management of blood transfusions]. PMID- 6979785 TI - [Organization of transfusions in France]. PMID- 6979787 TI - [Blood transfusion: need for rigorous technic]. PMID- 6979788 TI - [Blood transfusion: from donor to receiver]. PMID- 6979789 TI - [Accidents and incidents in blood transfusions]. PMID- 6979791 TI - [Blood groups and principles of transfusion immunology]. PMID- 6979793 TI - [Blood transfusion materials and technic]. PMID- 6979792 TI - [Exsanguino-transfusion]. PMID- 6979790 TI - [Blood products and indications for their use]. PMID- 6979794 TI - [Principles and rules of transfusions]. PMID- 6979795 TI - Systemic vasopressin therapy for Mallory-Weiss bleeding. AB - Over a period of one year, five of 101 patients admitted to our center because of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were found to have a Mallory-Weiss tear. This condition usually responds to conservative management. Torrential bleeding necessitating surgery is uncommon. Three of the patients, reported here, bled torrentially and were considered surgical candidates. Two received systemic vasopressin while being prepared for operation, with rapid, dramatic cessation of bleeding. Although this is a limited experience, we are impressed enough to believe that intravenous vasopressin should be given a trial in all hospitalized patients who continue to bleed from a tear in the region of the esophagogastric junction. PMID- 6979796 TI - New perspectives on coronary artery disease in hemodialysis patients. AB - Between July 1, 1979, and July 1, 1980, we treated 64 patients with long-term maintenance hemodialysis. Of these, 11 (17%) had angina pectoris, four of them (6%) chronic stable angina and seven (11%) new onset of crescendo angina. The most common risk factors in the group with unstable angina were cardiomegaly and hypertension. Of the five patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, proximal occlusive disease was seen in four and these four had good left ventricular function. Three patients underwent coronary artery bypass, which successfully improved their functional status to a class I or II without any antianginal medicines. Concurrent hemodialysis was performed during heart-lung bypass in one patient. The need for dialysis postoperatively was easily delayed for 72 hours without detriment to this patient. We reached the following conclusions: (1) The prevalence of angina in a stable hemodialysis population was 17% in a one-year analysis period. (2) The incidence of new onset of crescendo angina, which potentially requires coronary angiography, was 11% over the same one-year period. (3) The presence of surgically correctable lesions in these cases is high. (4) Concurrent hemodialysis during coronary artery bypass simplifies postoperative fluid and electrolyte management and prevents surgical bleeding. PMID- 6979798 TI - Haemophilus influenzae infection of an existing lung cyst. AB - Although Haemophilus influenzae is becoming recognized as a cause of serious pulmonary infections in adults, it has not been previously reported to infect lung cysts. We describe a 25-year-old man who had a lung cyst in which a serious infection developed. Both needle aspiration of the cyst and blood culture confirmed that the infection was caused by H influenzae. PMID- 6979797 TI - Haemophilus influenzae implicated in puerperal infection. AB - We have described two cases of Haemophilus influenzae isolation, one from a patient with chorioamnionitis and one from a patient with bacteremia and endomyometritis. The first patient responded to cefoxitin and delivery, while the second patient failed to improve satisfactorily with clindamycin and tobramycin therapy, but responded to ampicillin. PMID- 6979799 TI - Invasive disease due to nontypable Haemophilus influenzae in children. AB - Its virulence factors, immune responses, and sites of isolation characterize nontypable Haemophilus influenzae as a pathogen of mucosal surfaces which rarely causes invasive disease. We isolated nontypable H influenzae in pure culture from thoracentesis fluid in a child with pneumonia. An extensive review of the literature in which serotyping of H influenzae was reported revealed that nontypable strains have accounted for only six other cases of pneumonia diagnosed by blood culture, lung puncture, or thoracentesis fluid. The only isolate reported to cause disease outside the neonatal age group may have been a typable strain. Because this organism rarely causes invasive disease, its isolation from sputum is of questionable significance and other causes should be sought. PMID- 6979800 TI - Anti-DNA activity in Raji cell eluates of sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6979801 TI - Precipitating antibody to a soluble nuclear antigen "Ki" with specificity for systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6979802 TI - [T cell subsets and the helper effect of T cells in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, and the effects of antirheumatic agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979803 TI - Two unusual causes of massive colonic bleeding. PMID- 6979804 TI - The history and background of Augmentin. AB - Bacterial resistance to the beta-lactam group of antibiotics is frequently due to the production of beta-lactamase which brings about the inactivation of the antibiotic. Clavulanic acid is a naturally occurring inhibitor of beta-lactamase which is capable of rendering penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant organisms sensitive. The compound is obtained by fermentation from Streptomyces clavuligerus. Clavulanic acid shows some structural similarity to the penicillins and cephalosporins and functions as a progressive inhibitor of a wide range of beta-lactamases including those found in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus species, Bacteroides fragilis, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus. Clavulanic acid is well absorbed when given by mouth and a formulation with amoxycillin (Augmentin; Beechams) is now available for clinical use. PMID- 6979805 TI - The in vitro activity of amoxycillin with clavulanic acid against clinically significant bacteria. A multicentre study. AB - A multicentre study to evaluate the activity of amoxycillin when combined with clavulanic acid against clinical bacterial isolates was performed in South Africa. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for amoxycillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid were determined by agar dilution. The majority of amoxycillin-resistant Klebsiella and Escherichia coli strains became sensitive to amoxycillin in the presence of low concentrations of clavulanic acid. Beta lactamase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus showed increased susceptibility to amoxycillin in the presence of clavulanic acid. Minimum bactericidal concentrations indicated that amoxycillin retains bactericidal activity in the presence of clavulanic acid. Enterobacter and Serratia species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa remained amoxycillin-resistant in the presence of clavulanic acid. PMID- 6979806 TI - [Treatment with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid of urinary tract infections in patients with spinal injuries]. AB - Augmentin, a formulation of amoxycillin trihydrate 250 mg and sodium clavulanate 125 mg per tablet (A-CS) (Augmentin; Beecham), was used in treating 29 episodes of urinary tract infection occurring in 26 patients admitted to the Spinal Unit of the H. F. Verwoerd Hospital, Pretoria. Patients who had a urinary bacterial cell count of more than 105 of the same amoxycillin-resistant organism before and after the oral administration of amoxycillin 500 mg 3 times a day for 48 hours, received 2 A-CS 375 mg tablets orally, 3 times a day at the start if a meal for 5 days. The 29 strains of amoxycillin-resistant organisms treated in this study were: Escherichia coli (11), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11), Proteus mirabilis (4), Enterobacter cloacae (2), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1). The bacteriological success rate 24 hours after therapy was 100% and 8 days after therapy 69%, dependent on patient management. In patients on free drainage and managed with condoms a bacteriological success rate of 55,5% was recorded and in patients managed by intermittent catheterization a bacteriological success rate of 75% was recorded. Side-effects were minimal; 1 patient complained of dizziness and no instances of nausea or vomiting were reported. Haematological, renal and hepatic monitoring before and after A-CS-therapy revealed no drug-related toxicity. PMID- 6979807 TI - Technetium sulfur colloid scintigraphy in the detection of lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding. AB - 99mTc sulfur colloid scintigraphy is a technique which can be used to localize sites of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Two reports of patients illustrate its use clinically. This procedure is non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, easily performed and has a high degree of sensitivity. The technique may, in some instances, replace angiography or endoscopy as the initial procedure used to diagnose the site of lower gastrointestinal bleeding or, more likely, serve as a complementary diagnostic modality. PMID- 6979808 TI - Early hepatic failure or upper gastrointestinal bleeding following a distal splenorenal shunt. AB - Hepatic failure and upper gastrointestinal bleeding following a distal splenorenal shunt is distinctly unusual. Should either or both of these complications develop in the immediate or early postoperative period, adequate angiographic studies should be done without delay so as to identify accurately the status of the portal and splenic venous systems. If an unligated coronary vein is apparent, transhepatic clotting should be accomplished. The presence of other major collateral vessels between the portal and splenic circulations may require surgical ligation. The presence of thrombosis of the portal vein represents a more serious problem, with thrombectomy and arterialization of the portal vein offering the best chance for survival in a patient with a deteriorating condition. PMID- 6979809 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding and mycotic superior mesenteric aneurysm. AB - This is a case report of management of a delayed mycotic superior mesenteric artery aneurysm occurring in a patient 2 years after aortic valve replacement for endocarditis. A chronic ulcer history, anticoagulation therapy, episodic gastrointestinal bleeding associated with negative gastrointestinal series, and gastritis seen at endoscopy delayed the ultimate diagnosis. An episode of massive hemorrhage precipitated angiography with subsequent surgical confirmation of the diagnosis. Management included debridement and extirpation of the major part of the aneurysm, Doppler assessment of the inadequacy of collateral mesenteric arterial blood flow, and restoration of flow with a bypassing saphenous vein graft segment. Although this technique of reconstruction has been suggested, we can find no other report of such a similar case among the few reported surgical successes with superior mesenteric artery mycotic aneurysm. PMID- 6979810 TI - [Current aspects of the pathogenesis, etiology, and treatment of atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 6979812 TI - Studies on the role of HLA-DR in macrophage-T cell interactions. AB - The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the difficulties we have encountered in attempting to analyse the role of HLA-DR in the antigen-dependent co-operation between macrophages and T cells which leads to a T-cell proliferative response. We have adopted the two most commonly used approaches; attempted inhibition by anti-HLA-DR antisera and study of co-operation between cells of unrelated individuals, and have found both methods unsatisfactory. With the first method we found that anti-HLA antisera could inhibit proliferative responses in a non specific manner. Both anti-HLA-A, B and anti-HLA-DR antisera could inhibit and this inhibition was largely Fc-dependent. Using pepsin-digested antisera we have no evidence for a unique role for HLA-DR in these proliferative responses. The second method, study of co-operation between cells of unrelated individuals, proved extremely difficult to analyse because of the background allogeneic reaction. Whether cells of two individuals appeared to co-operate to give an antigen-specific response depended on the number of cells used and the calculations applied to the data. However, it was clearly possible to demonstrate co-operation between DR different individuals. PMID- 6979811 TI - [Purulent meningitis. 10-year case material from Lillehammer county hospital]. PMID- 6979813 TI - Genetic studies of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: segregation and linkage analyses. AB - The inclusion of HLA data in genetic studies of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has not led to conclusive segregation models for IDDM so far. As a new approach, we first applied complex segregation analysis, independently of HLA data, to two combined Danish family materials. Then the best fitting segregation model was entered into linkage analysis of a third material, including family as well as HLA data. The best solution obtained in the segregation analysis was a mixed model, including an intermediate gene, which on the penetrance scale acts as a recessive, together with a polygenic component. The linkage analysis showed an overall recombination fraction of 0.0417 with high coupling frequencies for the HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 alleles and the putative disease susceptibility gene. However, when the pedigrees were divided according to whether or not the proband had the heterozygous HLA-phenotype DR3/DR4, a maximum likelihood ratio test for heterogeneity was significant, with estimated recombination fractions of 0.0 and 0.0963 in HLA-DR3/DR4 pedigrees and the remaining pedigrees, respectively. In total, we found convincing evidence that two familial factors contribute to IDDM: a locus within HLA, which very well may be DR; and an unlinked mechanism which is unimportant for HLA-DR3/DR4 but simulates recombination. If confirmed, this conclusion has important implications for further genetic studies of IDDM and complex segregation analyses of family materials sampled according to criteria which include HLA data of the probands are highly needed. PMID- 6979814 TI - Human B-blast specific target determinants in CML: a family study. AB - Human B blast specific target determinants, selectively identified on PWM stimulated purified B lymphoblasts by in vitro generated CTLs, have previously been studied in the population and showed association to and inclusion of HLA-DR geneproducts. This report indicates that B blast target determinants are products of genes which in a codominant mendelain way segregate with the HLA haplotypes in 4 selected families. Furthermore tests of families with HLA-B/D, DR and HLA-D, DR/GLO recombinations show that human B blast specific target determinants are coded from loci (locus) in the HLA-D region, between HLA-B and GLO. PMID- 6979817 TI - [Reaction of the isolated muscle tissue of individual frogs to experimental "hardening" action. II. The action of ethyl alcohol]. PMID- 6979816 TI - Biocompatibility and immunological studies of microencapsulation with cross linked alginate capsules. PMID- 6979818 TI - [Radiologic exploration of a portal cavernoma]. PMID- 6979820 TI - "Discoid" lupus erythematosus: dramatic clinical and immunological response to dialyzable leukocyte extract (transfer factor). PMID- 6979821 TI - Interleukin-2 deficiency in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6979819 TI - High molecular weight kininogen protects human plasma kallikrein and factor XIa against inactivation by plasma protease inhibitors. PMID- 6979815 TI - Inhibitory effects of various oxygenated sterols on the differentiation and function of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6979822 TI - Drug induced ocular lipoidosis. PMID- 6979824 TI - [Hearing adaptation in a lesion of the cerebellopontile angle]. PMID- 6979825 TI - [Case of mesenteric lymphangioma complicated by intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6979823 TI - [Sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus to galvanic current stimulation]. PMID- 6979826 TI - Correlation between enhanced E-rosette formation and spontaneous incorporation of thymidine by bovine thymus lymphocytes. AB - Bovine thymus lymphocytes were centrifuged at low speed through 27% BSA and separated into five equal fractions. Enhanced formation of E rosettes and 10-20 fold increases in spontaneous uptake of tritiated (3H) thymidine occurred among the buoyant cell populations with less or no increases among cells from lower fractions. It is suggested that BSA stimulates blastogenesis and that the increases capacity for E-rosette formation is due to cell surface alterations among the activated cells or cells affected by their products. PMID- 6979827 TI - Tectal processing of visual signals from the caudalmost part of the frog visual field. AB - Electrophysiological investigations restricted to the caudomedial part of the optic tectum show that the caudalmost part of the frog's visual field appears preferentially analyzed by class-2 and class-3 retinal ganglion cells and integrated by monocular T5 neurons even though this spatial region is seen by the two eyes and doubly represented on each tectum. This apparent preponderance for three types of contralateral visual units is discussed on the basis of the animal's behaviour. PMID- 6979829 TI - [Development of a new variant of perforated record card for use in pediatric rheumatologic offices]. PMID- 6979830 TI - [Cytogenetic studies of human lymphocytes in measles and influenza]. AB - Measles and influenza patients have shown an increased level of lymphocytes with cytogenetic aberrations. Three months after recovery their chromosome set becomes normal. Measles and influenza patients were found to have reduced numbers and functional activity of T-lymphocytes correlating with an increase of cytogenetic aberrations in them. Differences in the aberration rate in blood lymphocytes stimulated to division with PHA or Vi-antigen were observed in measles and influenza patients. PMID- 6979828 TI - [Dynamics of immunoregulator T-lymphocytes and its importance in the chemo immunotherapy of lymphoproliferative diseases in children]. AB - The levels of T-lymphocytes in untreated lymphoid malignancies in children and those after different schemes of chemoimmunotherapy were compared. The ratio of T helper and T-suppressor cells changed in the course of treatment in correlation with the chemotherapeutic effect: the fraction of T mu cells practically did not change whereas the T gamma cell fraction decreased considerably in patients who revealed a good response to therapy. BCG treatment stimulated both populations but the response of T gamma cells was stronger. Transplantation of thymus was followed by an increase on T mu cells. PMID- 6979831 TI - [Seronegative, HLA-B27-positive arthritis (a preliminary report)]. AB - Fifty two patients, 29 males and 23 females, with seronegative polyarthritis, carriers of tissue-compatible antigen HLA--B27 manifested characteristic clinical signs: the disease started at young age--29; it progresses, most frequently, with attacks--acute or subacute as monoarthritis (gonitis) or oligoarthritis, the lower limb joints predominantly involved. The periarticular structures are very often involved in the process--achillitis, styloiditis, talagia and sarcoiliac joints--sarcoiliitis clinically and scintigraphically confirmed. With the family examinations of the patients' relatives the following cases were established: 9 cases with Bechterew's disease, four cases with sacroiliitis, one--with iridocyclitis, two patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 18 healthy carriers of HLA--B27 antigen. The dynamics of the development of typical ankylozing spondylitus was a favourable prognosis and the treatment, most often, covers- nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs or low doses of corticosteroids--generally or locally. PMID- 6979832 TI - Bacterial meningitis in children in Barbados. PMID- 6979833 TI - Colonic varices: an unusual source of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6979835 TI - [Methods and measures in the rehabilitation and social integration of rheumatic patients in old age]. PMID- 6979834 TI - [Multiple exostoses]. PMID- 6979836 TI - [Improvement of specificity in evaluation of aortocoronary bypass grafts by serial (dynamic) computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - Serial (dynamic) Computed Tomography (CT) with a non-periodic reconstruction of 21 images per minute improves specificity in evaluation of aortocoronary bypass grafts. In 35 bypass grafts, selective coronary arteriography was performed the day after CT: Sensitivity of CT-technique was 92%, specificity 89%. Without additional serial Ct, sensitivity was 85%, specificity 67%. Quantitative CT measurements of flow equivalents showed no significant differences within two groups with angiographically displayed different "run off". PMID- 6979837 TI - [Effect of the immunosuppressive agent batridene on contact allergic dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene]. PMID- 6979838 TI - Phytohaemagglutinin skin testing of Arabian foals in Egypt. A test for detecting immune cell reactivity. PMID- 6979839 TI - [Hemobilia in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. AB - Through the analysis of his own material and cases from the literature available to him, the author draws attention to the problem of gastrointestinal bleedings whose source is in the hepato-biliar organs. They are not rare as was earlier presumed, because of the small number diagnosed cases; he stresses that this bleeding can be occult with undefined anemias, which is of importance for the early diagnosis, or profuse bleeding representing an indication for emergency surgery, as in the four cases described. The initial signs appear prior, to the manifested bleeding and they are of importance for the early diagnosis indicating the need for early surgical treatment. The author shows etiopathogenesis and classification of haemobilia, particularly the diagnostic and therapeutic problems and concludes that the number of wrongly interpreted cases is smaller because of greater interest in haemobilia and more frequent publications about it. PMID- 6979840 TI - The T-cell deficiency in atopic disease and its relation to hyperproduction of IgE. AB - Recent studies have given ample evidence that atopy is associated with a T-cell deficiency. This deficiency appears to be primary and not merely a consequence of disease manifestations. Several studies have indicated that the T-cell defect displays a certain selectivity, resulting in imbalance between helper and suppressor T-cell in atopics. Suppressor cells, carrying Fc IgG marker (T gamma cells) or being inducible by concanavalin A, have been found to be deficient, and recent data suggest that there is an imbalance between T8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) and T4+ (inducer/helper) T-cells in individuals with severe atopic disease. There appears to be a negative correlation between suppressor cell activity and serum IgE levels. These findings suggest that there is a causal relationship between the T-cell deficiency and hyperproduction of IgE in atopy. The immunological abnormalities in atopy cannot be easily explained by the beta-adrenergic blockade which is associated with the disease. Further immunopharmacological studies may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of atopic disease. PMID- 6979841 TI - Pain relief in labor by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Safety aspects. AB - A current density standard for current shapes used in transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNS) must be established in order to avoid harmful effects. This is especially important when stimulating near vital structures such as the fetal heart. In the absence of an applicable standard, a preliminary safety norm is proposed, based on clinical experience during delivery and experimental measurements in the female bladder. Current densities due to TNS not exceeding 0.5 microamperemeter/mm2 are safe for the fetal heart. A stimulator and electrodes fulfilling the safety criteria proposed in this study have been tested. A filter which suppresses the electrical disturbances occurring during TNS, thereby permitting recording of the fetal heart rate during birth, has also been tested. TNS was given over both the low-back and suprapubic region. Results of clinical tests of the equipment during 15 supervised births are reported. No adverse effect in the mother or newborn infant were observed. PMID- 6979842 TI - On some factors related to the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy. AB - The deterioration of the circulation in small and large vessels in diabetes seems to be related to abnormalities of the function of the endothelial cells and of the platelets. The endothelial factor VIII R:Ag, enhancing platelet adhesion, is increased, while fibrinolysis is decreased. The balance between thromboxane (platelet-aggregating) and prostacyclin (desaggregating) is also shifted in a similar way. These changes all favour increased deposition and delayed removal of platelets and fibrin on the intima, and they might contribute markedly to the development of diabetic angiopathy. Some new drugs seem to normalize the endothelial fibrinolytic activity, and long term studies are in progress to evaluate if this improvement is parallelled by a delayed or absent development of vascular complications. PMID- 6979843 TI - Gastric filling defects in association with a malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6979845 TI - The peroral pneumocolon: its role in evaluating the terminal ileum. AB - Peroral pneumocolon examination was performed on 40 patients for further radiographic evaluation of the terminal ileum after antegrade small bowel study. Patients were selected because of poor visualization of the terminal ileum on routine study (17 patients), clinically suspected Crohn disease but normal terminal ileum on routine study (ten), abnormal terminal ileum on routine study (seven), and previous ileocolic anastomosis (six). Use of the technique resulted in additional diagnostic information in 20 (50%) of the 40 patients. Its main value was in showing a previously poorly visualized terminal ileum to be normal (eight patients) and in confirming a normal terminal ileum in clinically suspected Crohn disease (six). In addition, it more precisely defined the proximal extent of recurrent ileal Crohn disease in two patients and detected otherwise unrecognized early ileal Crohn disease in one patient. The technique can be carried out immediately after any antegrade small bowel examination, and if reserved for the above indications, is a valuable adjunct to routine compression spot films of the terminal ileum or reflux study of the terminal ileum at barium enema. PMID- 6979844 TI - Sessile polyps: analysis of radiographic projections with the aid of a double contrast phantom. PMID- 6979847 TI - Small acoustic neuromas: detection by high resolution gas CT cisternography. AB - Experience with 81 gas computed tomography (CT) cisternography procedures in 79 patients in searching for acoustic neuroma is reported. Twenty-one tumors, four exclusively intracanalicular, were demonstrated after standard contrast-enhanced CT was negative. Fifty-five examinations were negative; four were inconclusive. The high resolution scanner with digital localization and reconstruction zoom capability greatly improved image detail. In nine of the 12 normal patients examined with it, the intracanalicular bundle was demonstrated. Substitution of carbon dioxide for air greatly reduced the morbidity of acute post-spinal tap headache. The procedure takes 30--45 min and can be performed on an outpatient basis. It is recommended as the procedure of choice when standard CT is negative in subjects clinically suspected of having acoustic neuroma. PMID- 6979848 TI - Another look at blow-out fractures of the orbit. AB - Thirty cases of orbital floor blow-out fractures proven by tomography were retrospectively reviewed to determine the accuracy of the plain films. Using the maximum diameter from the tomograms, the area and volume of the fractures were calculated and correlated with the presence of diplopia and enophthalmos at the time of presentation and at subsequent follow-up. Nine of the 30 cases underwent surgical repair. Orbital floor fractures were recognized in 29 of 30 cases using only the 28 degrees Caldwell and Waters views. Routine tomography is unnecessary and should be reserved as a preoperative evaluation in patients with enophthalmos to establish the presence of a significant associated medial wall prolapse. PMID- 6979849 TI - Aspirin and systemic heparinization in diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology. AB - To decrease the risk of iatrogenic thromboembolic complications during interventional procedures with coaxial catheter systems, aspirin and systemic heparinization were used in 57 consecutive cases. No thromboembolic complications occurred. This group was compared with a second group of 25 patients who also had interventional procedures with coaxial systems but who had only a continuous heparinized drip infusion flushing the inside of the coaxial system. Two patients had an embolic complication and two others had thrombus formation inside or outside the catheters without neurologic symptoms. The use of systemic heparinization has been extended to all prolonged angiographic procedures except in cases of acute or recent subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 6979851 TI - Apical lung cancer masquerading as a Pancoast tumor. PMID- 6979846 TI - New perspectives in computed tomography of multiple sclerosis. AB - A prospective clinical study was performed in 70 consecutive patients with known or strong clinical suspicion of acute or relapsing multiple sclerosis. The study was designed to compare the results of standard computed tomography and high volume contrast-delayed scanning for the detection of enhancing lesions. In 39 cases with clinically definitive multiple sclerosis, the conventional enhanced scan was positive in 25 cases and the high-volume delay scan in 32. The high volume enhanced scan added information in 23 of these 32 cases. In 21 cases, suspicious of multiple sclerosis but not clinically confirmed, the standard enhanced scan was positive in two cases and the high-volume delay scan in five. In these cases, computed tomography was definitive in establishing the diagnosis by showing clinically unsuspected brain lesions. In 10 cases in which the disease was eventually excluded, the scans were negative in all instances. For the first time, by the high-volume delayed technique, enhancing plaques in the cortical gray matter and in the gray/white matter regions were demonstrated. This technique is a very useful diagnostic tool, not only for morphologic assessment when multiple sclerosis is known, but for the positive diagnosis of this disease when the first clinical presentation is diagnostically uncertain. PMID- 6979850 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of mediastinal venous anomalies. PMID- 6979852 TI - Value of preinjection tracer before P-32 treatment of effusion: unexpected bronchopleural fistula. PMID- 6979853 TI - CT and sonographic appearance of hepatic vein obstruction. PMID- 6979855 TI - Sonographic demonstration of fetal acrania. PMID- 6979856 TI - Bedside drainage of abscesses with sonographic guidance in the desperately ill. PMID- 6979854 TI - Intraosseous pneumatosis after total knee arthrography: a "normal" variant. PMID- 6979857 TI - Intraoperative identification of chylous fistulas using iso-sulphan blue dye. PMID- 6979858 TI - Dilatation of a surgically ligated ureter through a percutaneous nephrostomy. PMID- 6979860 TI - The radial head-capitellum view: another example of its usefulness. PMID- 6979861 TI - The contrast-detail curve controversy continues. PMID- 6979862 TI - The value of simple radiographs. PMID- 6979859 TI - Progress in coronary arteriography. PMID- 6979863 TI - The expiratory film in hyaline membrane disease: preliminary observations. AB - The chest radiographs of 10 babies who developed an abrupt diffuse pulmonary parenchymal opacification in conjunction with pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, or pneumonia as a complication of hyaline membrane disease were reviewed. The chest radiographs of these 10 babies were compared to five radiographs obtained with various degrees of expiration in four babies with uncomplicated hyaline membrane disease. The comparison indicates that analysis of air bronchograms facilitates discrimination of pulmonary opacification due to filming in expiration from pathologic diffuse parenchymal opacification in babies with hyaline membrane disease. Expiration produces constriction and centralization of air bronchograms. Alveolar filling processes are associated with distension and peripheral extension of air bronchograms. PMID- 6979864 TI - Sodium fluoride treatment of osteoporosis: radiologic findings. PMID- 6979865 TI - Sagittal fracture of the cervical vertebral body. AB - The sagittal fracture of the cervical vertebral body is an uncommon injury producing the paradoxic situation of profound quadriplegia with either normal or minimal radiographic findings and may be overlooked if polytomography or computed tomography (CT) is not performed. The sagittal fracture was the sole fracture of the vertebral body in seven cases encountered in a review of 270 consecutive cervical fractures, and was readily apparent on routine anteroposterior radiographs in two cases, suspected in two cases, but clearly demonstrated in all cases by polytomography or CT. Most (five of seven) occurred with multiple levels of sagittal fractures in which only one case was apparent on routine radiographs. Posterior ring fractures at the lamina or pedicle were commonly present (six of seven), but detected by plain radiographs in only two cases. The sagittal fracture is frequently a component of the teardrop fracture, occurring in 44% (51/116) of teardrop fractures that were additionally reviewed. The plain radiographic findings are emphasized, since they provide the initial clues as to the presence of this injury. Computed tomography and polytomography either confirmed the presence of or detected additional sagittal fractures, as well as determined the presence of frequently associated arch fractures, and should be used if the plain film findings are uncertain, especially if there is quadriplegia present. PMID- 6979866 TI - Evaluation of acute right upper quadrant pain: sonography and 99mTc-PIPIDA cholescintigraphy. AB - A group of 75 patients with acute right upper quadrant pain was evaluated with both sonography and cholescintigraphy. Accuracy in screening for gallbladder disease was significantly greater with sonography (96%) than with cholescintigraphy (74%). For selecting patients with acute cholecystitis from this population that included acute and chronic cholecystitis as well as nonbiliary pathology, PIPIDA was less accurate (77%) than might be expected based on previous reports primarily due to false positive nonvisualization caused by chronic cholecystitis. Of patients with nonbiliary pathology, sonography was able to detect the cause of the right upper quadrant pain in 21%. Patients with acute right upper quadrant pain should first be screened with sonography. If cholescintigraphy is subsequently used for suspected acute cholecystitis, positive results should be interpreted with caution before surgery is planned. PMID- 6979867 TI - Cholescintigraphy in extrahepatic biliary obstruction. AB - The effect of etiology on findings in cholescintigraphy in patients with extrahepatic obstruction was retrospectively evaluated in 29 patients. Of 11 patients with obstruction secondary to cancer, seven (78%) of nine had complete obstruction (delayed images were not obtained in two) and nine (82%) of 11 had a moderate to severe decreases in hepatocyte clearance. Of 12 patients with obstruction secondary to cholelithiasis, only four (36%) had complete obstruction (delayed images were not obtained in one) (p less than 0.05) and all 11 had normal or only midly decreased hepatocyte clearance (p less than 0.05). All five patients with obstruction secondary to pancreatitis had mild partial obstruction and normal or mildly decreased hepatocyte clearance. One patient had partial obstruction secondary to an abscess adjacent to the common bile duct; hepatocyte clearance was mildly decreased. Cancerous and noncancerous causes of biliary tract obstruction produce significantly different findings in hepatobiliary imaging. PMID- 6979868 TI - Lesser sac fluid in predicting the etiology of ascites: CT findings. AB - The CT scan of 100 patients with ascites were reviewed to assess the relative distribution of fluid in the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs. Discordant fluid accumulations were found in most cases. Patients with benign, transudative ascites (e.g., peritoneal dialysis, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure) had large greater sac collections with little fluid in the lesser sac. Those patients with diseases of organs bordering the lesser sac (e.g., pancreatitis, posteriorly penetrating gastric ulcer) had larger lesser sac fluid collections with little in the greater sac. Cytologically positive carcinomatosis of the abdomen was associated with concordant fluid volumes in these two spaces. These findings suggest that fluid within the lesser sac is not a typical manifestation of generalized peritoneal ascites and that its presence should direct a search for pathology in neighboring organs and for peritoneal malignancy. PMID- 6979869 TI - Percutaneous core biopsy of abdominal tumors using 22 gauge needles: further observations. AB - Percutaneous needle sampling of suspected malignant tumors was carried out in 150 patients using a technique providing specimens for both cytologic and histologic analyses. Adequate samples for pathologic analysis were obtained in 97% and 89%, respectively. An overall accuracy rate of 85% was achieved with histologic results providing a positive diagnosis in 7% of patients in whom corresponding cytologic information was falsely negative. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest no superiority in the tissue retrieval rate of the different 22 gauge needles used for biopsy. Since the core biopsy technique adds no increase in complication rate and provides a small but definite incremental gain in accuracy, its routine use is suggested. PMID- 6979870 TI - Nonfunctioning adrenal masses: incidental discovery on computed tomography. AB - Sixteen adrenal masses were identified with computed tomography (CT) in patients who had no clinical or biochemical evidence of adrenal pathology. In five patients, an adrenalectomy was performed, disclosing either an adenoma or nodular hyperplasia. Autopsy disclosed a cortical adenoma in one patient who died from unrelated causes. In the remaining 10 patients, follow-up scans 4--16 months later revealed no change in the size of the masses. A management plan of nonfunctioning adrenal masses discovered incidentally on CT is proposed. PMID- 6979871 TI - Correlative imaging conference: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. V. Left upper quadrant mass in pregnancy. PMID- 6979873 TI - Postsplenectomy gastric deformity. AB - Mass- or polyplike defects of the gastric fundus were found on upper gastrointestinal examination in five patients, representing 7% of those who had undergone splenectomy. In four cases, the splenectomies were performed 1--5 months earlier, and, in one, the splenectomy was performed 10 years before. Dense adhesions were the cause of the defects in two patients. Plication deformity was thought to be a possible cause in the others. Recognition of the nonneoplastic nature of such defects is important in preventing unnecessary surgery. Computed tomography and endoscopy may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis. PMID- 6979874 TI - Clinical NMR imaging of the brain: 140 cases. AB - Cranial nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scans were performed on 13 healthy volunteers and 140 patients with a broad spectrum of neurologic disease and compared with x-ray computed tomography (CT) scans. The NMR scans included a variety of sequences reflecting proton density, blood flow, T1, and T2 as well as transverse, sagittal, and coronal images. White matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid were clearly distinguished in the normal brain with inversion recovery (IR) sequences, and normal progressive myelination was demonstrated in infants and children. Acute hemorrhages displayed short T1 values, but other pathologic processes such as infarction, infection, demyelination, edema, and malignancy were associated with long T1 values. Cysts had very long T1 values (about that of cerebrospinal fluid). Spin-echo (SE) sequences showed increased values of T2 in a variety of conditions and highlighted lesions against the relatively featureless background of the remaining brain. With inversion-recovery scans, different stages of infarction were recognized in the hemispheres. NMR was more useful than CT in demonstrating brainstem infarction. The white matter lesions in demyelinating diseases were well demonstrated with NMR scans. Many more lesions were observed in multiple sclerosis with NMR than with CT. Benign tumors were well seen and usually had shorter T1 values than malignant tumors. Mass effects from tumors were generally better demonstrated with NMR than with CT, including more subtle mass effects such as displacement of the external capsule. Abnormalities were seen in diseases of the basal ganglia, including marked atrophy of the head of the caudate nucleus in Huntington chorea. Advantages of NMR imaging include the high level of gray-white matter contrast, lack of bone artifact, variety of possible sequences, transverse, sagittal, and coronal imaging, sensitivity to pathologic change, and lack of known hazard. Disadvantages include lack of bone detail, limited spatial resolution, lack of contrast agents, and cost. Promising directions for future clinical research include developmental neurology, tissue characterization with T1 and T2, assessment of blood flow, and the development of contrast agents. Much more detailed evaluation will be required, but NMR seems to be a potentially important addition to existing techniques of neurologic diagnosis. PMID- 6979872 TI - Detection of gastric ulcer: comparison of single- and double-contrast examination. AB - The radiographic sensitivities of single- and double-contrast examinations for detecting gastric ulcer were compared. Single-contrast radiography detected 30 (75%) of 40 endoscopically verified gastric ulcers. Only 56% of ulcers under 5 mm were detected with the single-contrast method, while 88% of those larger were identified. Double-contrast radiography detected 58 (62%) of 93 endoscopically verified gastric ulcers. Only 45% of ulcers under 5 mm were detected with the double-contrast method, while 78% of those larger were identified. Statistically, the probability of ulcer detection was found to be primarily dependent on ulcer size, regardless of the technique used, and no significant difference could be demonstrated between the sensitivities of single- and double-contrast radiography. PMID- 6979875 TI - Periaortic fluid aspiration for recognition of infected graft: preliminary report. AB - Diagnostic aspiration of a periaortic fluid collection was performed four times on three patients suspected of aortic graft infection. One aspiration was positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis and the others were sterile. The results of aspiration were critical in determining if radical surgical treatment should be performed. CT guidance is well suited for this type of aspiration because it results in accurate needle placement without inadvertent puncture of bowel or the graft. PMID- 6979876 TI - Pseudoaneurysms after nephrostomy. AB - Significant persistent or recurrent bleeding associated with renal arterial pseudoaneurysms was noted in three of 300 nephrostomy procedures. The angiographic diagnosis was made at 9, 6, and 21 days after nephrostomy. The lesions were successfully treated by embolization in two and by intimal dissection in one. The arterial tears were caused by a 16 gauge Teflon-sheathed needle inserted too deeply into the kidney. It is suggested that the lesions can be largely prevented by using only 22 gauge needles for renal puncture and dilating the skinny needle tract by a special guide wire exchanger. A renal angiogram should be obtained promptly if the urine continues to be grossly bloody 3-4 days after nephrostomy. Embolization of a bleeding segmental renal vessel is simple and safe, whereas a conservative approach may lead to severe complications. PMID- 6979877 TI - Acute pancreatitis: clinical vs. CT findings. AB - In a prospective study of 91 patients with acute pancreatitis, computed tomographic (CT) findings were correlated with the clinical type of acute pancreatitis. In acute edematous pancreatitis (63 patients; 16 with repeat CT), CT was normal (28%) or showed inflammation limited to the pancreas (61%). Phlegmonous changes were present in 11%, including one patient with focal pancreatic hemorrhage, indicating that clinically unsuspected hemorrhagic pancreatitis can occur. In acute necrotizing (hemorrhagic, suppurative) pancreatitis (nine patients; eight with repeat CT), no patient had a normal CT scan and 89% had phlegmonous changes. One patient had hemorrhagic pancreatitis and three had abscesses. In acute exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis (10 patients; three with repeat CT), there were pancreatic calcifications (70%), a focal mass (40%), and pancreatic ductal dilation (30%). On follow-up CT, the findings of acute pancreatitis did not always disappear with resolution of the clinical symptoms. This was especially true of phlegmonous pancreatitis, where the CT findings could persist for months. PMID- 6979878 TI - Liver injury and complications in the postoperative trauma patient: CT evaluation. AB - Twenty-eight patients with surgically documented and classified hepatic injury were studied by computed tomography (CT) in the postoperative period. CT demonstrated no abnormalities in 12 of these patients, most of whom had sustained simple lacerations of the liver. Of the 16 patients with abnormal scans, perihepatic fluid collections were present in six, five of whom had simple lacerations at surgery. The other 10 patients had CT evidence of parenchymal abnormalities, and all of these had sustained major hepatic injuries. CT is useful in depicting the postoperative anatomy, and in many cases demonstrates the nature and extent of damage; the likelihood of finding an abnormality varies with the severity of the injury, even though repair has been attempted. The frequent problem of postoperative sepsis is also amenable to CT evaluation, but the changes demonstrated are often nonspecific and the possibility of residual hepatic injury has to be considered. Finally, CT can document healing of parenchymal injury. PMID- 6979880 TI - Anterior left subphrenic abscess: characteristic plain film and CT appearance. AB - Abdominal abscesses located in the left upper quadrant may occur in two major anatomic locations, the subphrenic space or the lesser sac. The left coronary or triangular ligament extending from the dorsal aspect of the liver to the diaphragm separates the subphrenic space from the lesser sac. As the ligament usually extends posteriorly, the anterior subphrenic space extends under the dome of the diaphragm, occupying the most superior part of the left upper quadrant. Both the lesser sac and the left anterior subphrenic space extend to the right of midline. The left anterior subphrenic compartment is bounded on the right by the falciform ligament while the lesser sac extends to the right coronary ligament and foramen of Winslow. Therefore, abscesses either in the left anterior subphrenic compartment or lesser sac may extend across the midline into the right upper quadrant. Left anterior subphrenic abscesses will be immediately subdiaphragmatic while lesser sac abscesses extending to the right of midline will not usually extend up to the diaphragm. Six cases are presented demonstrating midline air-fluid levels and soft-tissue masses in the immediate subdiaphragmatic area, characteristic signs of anterior left subphrenic abscesses. PMID- 6979879 TI - CT appearance of focal fatty infiltration of the liver. AB - Focal fatty infiltration of the liver is an entity that may be confused with liver metastasis on computed tomography (CT). The imaging results and medical records of 16 patients with CT appearance suggestive of focal fatty liver were reviewed, three of whom had the simultaneous presence of metastatic liver disease. Focal fatty liver often has a distinctive appearance with CT, usually with a nonspherical shape, absence of mass effect, and a density close to water. Liver metastases are usually round or oval, and unless cystic or necrotic, they have CT attenuation values closer to normal liver parenchyma than water. A radionuclide liver scan almost always resolves any confusion about the differential diagnosis of focal fatty liver: a well defined focus of photon deficiency is due to neoplasm rather than focal fatty infiltration. Sonography sometimes helps to confirm the CT impression, but may be misleading if the diagnosis of focal or diffuse fatty infiltration is not suspected before the examination. PMID- 6979881 TI - Gastric leiomyosarcoma. AB - A retrospective study was made of 28 patients who had gastric leiomyosarcomas to identify histologic patterns and radiologic appearances. Three histologic patterns were identified: spindle cell, epithelioid, and pleomorphic. The histopathologic type of tumor did not correlate with the size, the grade of malignancy, or the location of the mass within the stomach. All but one tumor presented as a submucosal mass by barium contrast examination. Ulceration was present in 17 of 28 patients. Sonographic examination in six patients and computed tomography (CT) in one provided further information about the degree of extragastric extension. Sonographically the masses were echogenic in three patients, hypoechoic in two, and anechoic in one. Surgery remains the only curative therapy and surgical excision is recommended regardless of mass size. PMID- 6979883 TI - "Tail" signs associated with pulmonary lesions: critical reappraisal. AB - Recent experience at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital has cast doubt on the specificity of the pleuropulmonary "tail" signs and on their ability to differentiate malignant from benign pulmonary lesions. To critically reappraise their usefulness, a three part study was undertaken: (1) a prospective collection of data on 45 consecutive patients whose chest radiographs demonstrated a tail sign; (2) a retrospective review of radiographs of 121 patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, in which tail signs are reportedly frequent; and (3) a retrospective review of radiographs of 72 patients with proven tuberculous lesions. Pleuropulmonary tail signs were considered of three types: a thin line (tail sign); one or more thickened lines ("rabbit ears" sign), or a tapered line ("participating tail" sign) extending from a lesion to the pleural. The results demonstrate that these signs are nonspecific features of peripherally located pulmonary lesions and, if used to differentiate a malignant from a nonmalignant lesion, may lead to serious diagnostic errors. On the other hand, a transition from one type of sign to another is useful in evaluating activity. A tail sign may call attention to an otherwise obscure lesion. PMID- 6979882 TI - Digital subtraction pulmonary angiography. AB - Digital subtraction pulmonary angiography was performed in 14 patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism. In 13 of 14, useful clinical information was obtained. Four patients were found to have pulmonary emboli. In nine patients, digital subtraction angiography was performed through pulmonary artery catheters already in place for monitoring critically ill patients. Conventional angiography in nine patients confirmed the findings by digital angiography. This initial experience suggests that digital subtraction pulmonary angiography provides adequate image quality in certain circumstances with several advantages over conventional angiography. PMID- 6979884 TI - Preoperative CT evaluation of adrenal glands in non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Preoperative chest computed tomographic (CT) scans in 84 patients with biopsy proved non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were reviewed. At least one adrenal gland was visualized in 70 of these. Evidence of a solid adrenal mass was present in 18 (14.5%) glands in 15 (21.4%) patients. Percutaneous needle aspiration under CT guidance confirmed metastatic malignancy in the four patients who were biopsied. Because the documented presence of adrenal metastases in non-small cell lung cancer makes surgical resection or local irradiation inappropriate, it is recommended that both adrenal glands in their entirety be specifically included whenever a staging chest CT examination is performed in patients with such tumors. Percutaneous needle biopsy for pathologic confirmation of the nature of solid adrenal masses discovered in this process is also useful. PMID- 6979885 TI - Computed tomography of the trachea: normal and abnormal. AB - The trachea was investigated by means of computed tomography (CT) in 50 patients without tracheal or mediastinal abnormalities and in 39 patients with various diseases of the trachea. The variations in the normal CT appearances of the trachea and surrounding structures are described. CT did not provide additional information in the detection or characterization of tracheal stenosis beyond that obtained from more conventional studies, including tomography and positive contrast tracheography. In patients with a saber-sheath trachea, CT demonstrated the abnormal configuration of the tracheal cartilages and abnormal collapse of the trachea on forced expiration. In patients with primary or secondary neoplasms involving the trachea, CT was most accurate in defining the intraluminal presence of tumor, the degree of airway compression, and the extratracheal extension of tumor. CT can be of value in determining the resectability of primary tracheal neoplasms and the planning of radiation therapy in metastatic lesions to the trachea and surrounding mediastinum. PMID- 6979886 TI - Large cloisons. AB - Large masses of normal glomerular (cortical) tissue situated deeply within the kidney and properly called cloisons, can often be mistaken for tumors. The radiographic characteristics of 20 cases are described, including location at or above the middle one-third of the kidney (93%) and bilaterality (60%). Three unusual, but associated papillary-calicine features include the "teat and udder" sign, which derives from the relation of the cloison and its small papillae which resemble a cow's udder and teats, calicine stem displacement, and absence of calicine cup stretching. Further investigation of the cloison by nephrotomography or technetium-labeled glucoheptonate may be necessary in doubtful cases to confirm this benign condition. PMID- 6979887 TI - Nonutility of routine prone filming in adult urography. AB - The relative value of prone and supine filming in excretory urography was prospectively evaluated in 100 unselected, adult, high-dose urograms. The supine radiographs were superior or equal to prone radiographs in all cases. Significant findings were limited to the supine radiographs in six cases. Findings were seen on both supine and prone radiographs, but the supine radiograph was clearly better in nine cases. Major urinary structures were shown to better advantage on supine films, and the prone film was subject to radiographer error in a higher number of cases. PMID- 6979888 TI - Hip CT in congenital dislocation: appearance of tight iliopsoas tendon and pulvinar hypertrophy. AB - The iliopsoas tendon can interpose between the femoral head and the acetabulum, preventing reduction or stability of reduction of a dislocated hip by a closed method. The tendon produces an infolding of the capsule and labrum. This infolding of the capsule and labrum creates an "isthmus" between the capital and the acetabular parts of the capsule. This deformity of the capsule was recognizable on computed tomography (CT) in 10 patients, all of whom had surgical confirmation of the findings. The presence of hypertrophied pulvinar can also be recognized by CT. PMID- 6979890 TI - Fractures of the articular processes of the cervical spine. AB - Fractures of the articular processes occurred in 16 (20.8%) of 77 patients with cervical spine fractures as demonstrated by multidirectional tomography. Plain films demonstrated the fractures in only two patients. Acute cervical radiculopathy occurred in five of the patients with articular process fractures (superior process, two cases; inferior process, three cases). Persistent neck pain occurred in one other patient without radiculopathy. Three patients suffered spinal cord damage at the time of injury, which was not the result of the articular process fracture itself. In the other seven cases, no definite sequelae occurred. However, disruption of the facet joint may predispose to early degenerative joint disease and chronic pain; unilateral or bilateral facet dislocation was present in five patients. In patients with cervical trauma who develop cervical radiculopathy, tomography should be performed to evaluate the articular processes. PMID- 6979889 TI - Dorsal effect of the patella: incidence and distribution. AB - To determine the incidence and distribution of dorsal defect of the patella, the radiographs of 2,349 knees in 1,192 consecutive patients were evaluated. The defect was present in about 1% of the population. It may be found at any age from the preadolescent to the mature adult. Females were more commonly affected than males. The test population group was validated by concurrent tabulation and comparison with other series of two other bening lesions occurring at the knee: fabella and multipartite patella. PMID- 6979892 TI - Recognition of lumbar disk disease: comparison of myelography and computed tomography. AB - A retrospective study was devised to determine the correlation between myelography and computed tomography (CT) in the recognition of abnormalities of the lumbar intervertebral disk. A group of 106 patients was studied who had had both myelography and CT within a 6 week period. Each examination was interpreted separately by a neuroradiologist who had no access to the patients' clinical findings or the results of any radiologic studies. On comparison of 290 interspace levels, there was agreement in definite abnormalities in 70%. Most discrepancies were due to suspicious findings and inconclusive studies of both kinds. In particular, there was poor correlation between the two examinations in the diagnosis of a slightly bulging disk. The major discrepancy rate was less than 5% overall and less than 1% among patients without prior surgery. On the basis of these findings, a diagnostic algorithm is suggested that would facilitate the workup of a similar group of patients. PMID- 6979891 TI - CT recognition of lateral lumbar disk herniation. AB - Although computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be useful in diagnosing posterolateral and central lumbar disk herniations, its effectiveness in demonstrating lateral herniated disks has not been emphasized. The myelographic recognition of those herniations may be difficult because root sheaths or dural sacs may not be deformed. A total of 274 CT scans interpreted as showing lumbar disk herniation was reviewed. Fourteen (5%) showed a lateral disk herniation. The CT features of a lateral herniated disk included: (1) focal protrusion of the disk margin within or lateral to the intervertebral foramen; (2) displacement of epidural fat within the intervertebral foramen; (3) absence of dural sac deformity; and (4) soft-tissue mass within or lateral to the intervertebral foramen. Because it can image the disk margin and free disk fragments irrespective of dural sac or root sheath deformity, CT may be more effective than myelography for demonstrating the presence and extent of lateral disk herniation. PMID- 6979893 TI - Neuropsychologic reactions and other side effects after metrizamide myelography. AB - One hundred patients were questioned after metrizamide myelography about the side effects of the examination. The number and type of side effects were tabulated and correlated with investigated region (e.g., cervical, lumbar) and with use of medication (e.g., analgesics, diuretics). The number of side effects, particularly neuropsychologic, were higher than previously reported. The most common side effects were minor meningeal irritations (headache, nausea, dizziness, and vomiting) and were regarded by the patients as inconsequential. All side effects became apparent during the first 24 hr after myelography and all were transitory. The side effects, being minor, should not limit the use of metrizamide for myelography. However, those caring for patients who have undergone the study should be aware of the possible side effects. PMID- 6979894 TI - Spinal leptomeningeal infiltration by systemic cancer: myelographic features. AB - Five cases of spinal leptomeningeal infiltration by systemic cancer are presented and myelographic features are discussed with a review of the literature. Common characteristic features are parallel longitudinal striations due to thickened nerve roots in the cauda equina and bizarre irregular filling defects with varying degrees of blocks, resembling arachnoiditis. Another pattern described in the literature consists of multiple nodular filling defects along the nerve roots of the cause equina. PMID- 6979896 TI - Soft-tissue calcification after subcutaneous emphysema in a neonate. PMID- 6979895 TI - Fetal abdominal circumference as a predictor of menstrual age. AB - The relation between fetal abdominal circumference and menstrual cycle age was determined by cross-sectional analysis of 400 fetuses (15-41 weeks) examined with a linear-array real-time ultrasound scanner using specifically defined methodology. Mathematical modeling of the data demonstrated that the liner quadratic function was an optimal model (r2 = 97.9%). Predicted abdominal circumference values at specific points in gestation based on this model were comparable to the data reported by other investigators using static-image equipment. Predicted menstrual age values associated with a given abdominal circumference measurement were calculated and are presented in tabular form. The variability (+/- 2 SD) in predicting menstrual age from abdominal circumference measurements is broader than that observed with the fetal biparietal diameter; nonetheless, this measurement can be useful as an adjunct in predicting menstrual age in cases in which the biparietal diameter is technically inadequate or impossible to obtain due to unusual positioning. PMID- 6979897 TI - Pulmonary choristoma in a neonate. PMID- 6979899 TI - Posterior ring apophyses of the cervical spine. PMID- 6979900 TI - Naviculocapitate fracture-dislocation. PMID- 6979901 TI - Bilateral dysplasia of the scapular neck. PMID- 6979902 TI - Percutaneous management of multiple liver abscesses. PMID- 6979898 TI - Radiographic features of heterotopic gastric mucosa. PMID- 6979903 TI - Biliary cystadenoma. PMID- 6979904 TI - Arthrosonography in the diagnosis of pigmented villonodular synovitis. PMID- 6979905 TI - Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage. PMID- 6979907 TI - The nonsuture skin fixation of drainage catheters. PMID- 6979906 TI - Catheter end-hole dilating guide wire. PMID- 6979908 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 6979909 TI - Reflections on the future for radiology: Can history predict the future? PMID- 6979911 TI - CT of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. PMID- 6979910 TI - The hypernephroma halo sign. PMID- 6979912 TI - No panacea for choosing best method in gastrointestinal studies. PMID- 6979913 TI - Aortic arch aortography vs. carotid angiography in carotid occlusive disease. PMID- 6979914 TI - CT of acetabular fractures: software and image display. PMID- 6979915 TI - Three-dimensional localization of pulmonary lesions: another technique. PMID- 6979916 TI - Pneumopericardial tamponade postcoronary artery bypass sternal dehiscence. PMID- 6979917 TI - Relation between regional myocardial uptake of rubidium-82 and perfusion: absolute reduction of cation uptake in ischemia. AB - Experiments were undertaken using rubidium-82 and position tomography to examine the relation between myocardial perfusion and cation uptake during acute ischemia. Rubidium-82 was repeatedly eluted from a strontium-82-rubidium-82 generator. In six dogs emission tomograms were used to measure the delivered arterial and myocardial concentrations at rest and after coronary stenosis, stress and ischemia. There was a poor overall relation between regional myocardial uptake and flow measured by microspheres and a large individual variability. Extraction of rubidium-82 was inversely related to flow. Significant regional reduction of cation uptake was detected in the tomograms when regional flow decreased by more than 35 percent. This reduction was significantly greater when ischemia was present. A small but significantly greater when ischemia was present. A small but significant decrease (33.0 +/- 9.1 percent, mean +/- standard deviation) in the myocardial uptake of rubidium-82 was detected only when flow was increased by more than 120 percent in relation to a control area after administration of dypiridamole. The technique using rubidum-82 and tomography was applied in five volunteers and five patients with angina pectoris and coronary artery disease. Myocardial tomograms recorded at rest and after exercise in the volunteers showed homogeneous uptake of cation in reproducible and repeatable scans. In contrast, the patients with coronary artery disease showed an absolute mean decrease of 36 +/- 14 percent in regional myocardial uptake of rubidium-82 after exercise. These abnormalities persisted in serial tomograms for more than 20 minutes after the symptoms and electrocardiographic signs of ischemia. PMID- 6979918 TI - Prognostic significance of angiographically documented left ventricular aneurysm from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). AB - In order to evaluate the prognosis of medically treated patients with angiographically defined left ventricular aneurysm the data available from 1,136 patients with aneurysm (7.6 percent) from 15,019 patients with coronary artery disease in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry were analyzed. Prior myocardial infarction, reduced ejection fraction, absence of angina and evidence of congestive heart failure were more commonly present in patients with aneurysm. The cumulative survival rates of medically treated patients at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years were 90, 84, 79 and 71 percent, respectively. The Cox analysis of survival indicated that the following variables predicted outcome: age, residual left ventricular function as assessed with angiography, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, functional impairment due to congestive heart failure, number of vessels diseased, mitral regurgitation and S3 gallop. When survival was stratified for similar degrees of left ventricular dysfunction and functional impairment there was no difference between the survival of patients with aneurysm and that of registry patients without aneurysm. The data from this large population study indicate that the survival of patients with left ventricular aneurysm is better than previously recognized. The mortality in this group is primarily related to age, left ventricular function and clinical severity of heart failure. The presence of an aneurysm does not independently alter survival. PMID- 6979919 TI - Inotropic contractile reserve: a useful predictor of increased 5 year survival and improved postoperative left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease and reduced ejection fraction. AB - The increase in left ventricular ejection fraction produced by postextrasystolic potentiation or epinephrine infusion has been used to demonstrate inotropic contractile reserve in patients with coronary artery disease and a depressed ejection fraction (less than 0.50). Prior studies have shown that a change in ejection fraction of 0.10 or more after postextrasystolic potentiation or epinephrine infusion is helpful in discriminating those patients with a better short-term (1 year) prognosis whether treated medically or surgically. This study related inotropic contractile reserve to 5 year prognosis in 54 patients receiving postextrasystolic potentiation or epinephrine infusion between 1971 and 1974. Current left ventricular function in surviving patients was assessed with radionuclide ventriculograms whenever possible. Five year survival was significantly better in patients with an initial change in ejection fraction greater than 0.10 in both the surgically treated group (16 of 20 versus 5 of 15, p less than 0.01) and the medically treated group (6 of 8 versus 1 of 11, p less than 0.01). Furthermore, among the surviving patients in the surgical group, current ejection fraction in the radionuclide ventriculogram was significantly greater in patients who demonstrated inotropic contractile reserve in their 1971 to 1974 contrast left ventriculogram. These findings support the concept that coronary revascularization enhances function of ischemic but viable myocardium. PMID- 6979920 TI - Human T-cell function in experimental ascorbic acid deficiency and spontaneous scurvy. AB - Studies in animal models suggest that ascorbic deficiency impairs T-cell-mediated immunity. We studied five normal volunteers hospitalized on a metabolic unit and consuming a strictly controlled diet deficient in ascorbic acid I) after a 5-wk control period of ascorbic acid supplementation (75 mg/day) and 2) after a 9-wk period of no supplementation. Three of the subjects were restudied after a 5-wk period of ascorbic acid supplementation after the deficient period. At the end of both control periods ascorbic acid levels in plasma ranged from 0.9 to 1.3 mg/dl and in leukocytes from 19 to 30 microgram/10(8) cells. At the end of the deficient period levels of ascorbic acid in plasma ranged from 0.09 to 0.15 mg/dl and in leukocytes from 6.2 to 10 microgram/10(8) cells, levels at or below those frequently found in frank scurvy. None of the T-cell parameters tested including mitogen responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin and percentage of T-cells bearing receptors for IgM (helper cells) and IgG (suppressor cells) was different in the deficient period compared to the control periods. One patient with spontaneous scurvy (plasma ascorbic acid 0.07 mg/dl, leukocytic ascorbic acid 4.9 microgram/10(8) cells) was studied at the time of admission and after vigorous ascorbic acid repletion. All T-cell parameters after repletion were unchanged from admission. We conclude that in man ascorbic acid deficiency, even at the scorbutic level, does not alter T-cell numbers or impair in vitro T-cell function. PMID- 6979921 TI - Stability of T- and B-cell numbers in human peripheral blood. AB - A comparison was made between the percentage of T and B cells present in human blood on the day of collection and those recovered from whole blood specimens stored for one, two, and three days. In the peripheral blood of normal individuals, the percentage of E-rosetting and surface-membrane immunoglobulin positive cells was unchanged throughout the three day period. Furthermore, whole blood samples from patients with various hematological diseases maintained for three days exhibited T- and B-cell percentages equivalent to those tested on day zero. PMID- 6979923 TI - Extreme leukocytosis successfully managed by double-volume exchange transfusion in an infant with T-cell leukemia. PMID- 6979922 TI - Computed tomography in purulent meningitis. AB - Of 102 patients with bacterial meningitis admitted to the Children's Hospital of Buenos Aires, 25 were selected for computed tomographic (CT) scans on the basis of altered consciousness for more than 96 hours after admission, persistent or recurrent seizures after 72 hours of antibiotic therapy, development of focal neurologic signs, increased intracranial pressure or prolonged fever. Scan findings included hydrocephalus, cerebritis, vasculitis, subdural effusion, cerebral atrophy, abscess, and ependymitis. Serial CT scans demonstrated the progression or regression of some complications. The CT scan was very useful in indicating the need for neurosurgical procedures. PMID- 6979924 TI - Erythromycin ethylsuccinate-induced cholestasis. PMID- 6979925 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding and amyloidosis. AB - Although gastrointestinal bleeding is well known in patients with amyloidosis, when it occurs as the initial or sole overt manifestation of the disease it is much rarer and frequently causes diagnostic difficulty. This subject is reviewed in the context of a patient who underwent multiple invasive and noninvasive examinations to achieve this diagnosis. Both upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding of all degrees has been shown to occur with amyloidosis. It appears that diffuse involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is much more common than a specific lesion. Our patient was ultimately found to have multiple waxy amyloid plaques and extremely friable jejunal mucosa at endoscopy. Radiographically, amyloidosis may cause diffuse thickening of the mucosal folds, a finding that carries a broad differential diagnosis. Arteriography, although not used frequently as a diagnostic modality in amyloidosis, may reveal luminal irregularities, truncation, and diffuse attenuation of the vasculature. The treatment of amyloidosis thus far has been unrewarding and difficult. Several new therapeutic measures which appear promising are discussed. PMID- 6979926 TI - Antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. AB - Pseudomembranous colitis arising from Clostridium difficile super-infection after treatment with various antibiotics is a well-defined portion of the pathological spectrum of antibiotic related bowel injury. We have observed two patients with hemorrhagic colitis associated with the use of penicillin derivatives. The colitis was characterized by predominant right-sided involvement, sparing of the rectum and distal colon, absence of pseudomembrane formation, and presence of marked hemorrhage in the lamina propria. Discontinuation of antibiotics resulted in prompt resolution. Early colonoscopic examination was essential in establishing the diagnosis. Follow-up examination at 9 days demonstrated complete histological and endoscopic resolution. PMID- 6979927 TI - Mesenteric complications in a patient with polycythemia vera. PMID- 6979928 TI - Combined neutrophil and T-cell deficiency: initial report of a kindred with features of the hyper-IgE syndrome and chronic granulomatous disease. AB - A six year old female presented with a recent history of pyoderma gangrenosum involving her legs and arms associated with an episode of Mycoplasma-like pneumonia. This was followed by Aspergillus osteomyelitis involving her left ulna and right femur. Both the skin lesions and the osteomyelitis responded to prolonged treatment with antifungal and antibiotic agents. Investigation of this patient revealed (1) an elevated serum IgE (4,800 units/ml), (2) defect in neutrophil chemotaxis that appeared to be due to immune complexes, (3) an abnormal nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) result (0 percent stimulated and unstimulated), and (4) depressed mitogen responses to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen, negative results of intradermal skin tests, and negative dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization. The patient's clinically unaffected sibling had similar findings except for a positive DNCB response. In both children, intracellular bacterial killing of catalase-positive and negative organisms was normal. Kindred studies revealed widespread T-cell abnormalities consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. Tissue typing studies showed that affected siblings shared the A1, B8, DR3 haplotype. This kindred is unique in that both the proband and the sibling have abnormalities of both the hyper-IgE syndrome and chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 6979929 TI - A new form of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia in two sibs: surgical treatment of tracheobronchial malacia and scoliosis. AB - We describe a 19-year-old male with a previously unrecognized form of disproportionate short stature, tracheobronchial malacia, and progressive scoliosis and his 28-year-old sister with the same but milder condition. The clinical characteristics were short limbs and digits and thoracolumbar scoliosis. Bone films showed progression from marked metaphyseal dysplasia of tubular bones in childhood to short and broad bones with mild dysplasia of the joints in adulthood. The vertebrae and the intervertebral plates were only mildly affected in spite of marked scoliosis. Trachea and bronchi were reinforced with surrounding acrylate mesh before surgical treatment of the scoliosis. Affected sibs of both sexes and healthy parents suggest an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. PMID- 6979930 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery: helping patients cope with postop problems. PMID- 6979931 TI - Computer-assisted nursing care. PMID- 6979932 TI - Internal iliac artery vasopressin infusion for postpartum hemorrhage. PMID- 6979933 TI - Abnormalities of the vestibulo-ocular response in congenital esotropia. AB - In 32 infants with congenital esotropia, I measured the vestibuloocular response. The eight patients with nystagmus compensation syndrome exhibited brisk responses. Fourteen of the 24 who had estropia without nystagmus had severely diminished responses and the other ten had moderate responses. Vestibulo-ocular testing is useful in detecting subtle forms of nystagmus compensation syndrome, especially in young infants, in whom thorough examination of ductions and versions is difficult. Dysfunction of the vestibular system is not necessarily a primary cause of congenital estropia, but brain-stem function in patients with congenital esotropia should be studied further. PMID- 6979934 TI - Autoimmune retrobulbar optic neuritis. AB - Three patients, all women, ranging in age from 26 to 44 years, had acute retrobulbar neuritis and laboratory evidence of a collagen vascular disorder. These patients were treated with intravenously administered "pulse" methylprednisolone, and visual acuity recovered in three of four involved eyes. Continued oral administration of prednisone and other immunosuppressive drugs was necessary to maintain vision. PMID- 6979935 TI - Autosomal recessive vitreoretinopathy and encephaloceles. AB - We conducted a ten-year follow-up of an unusual pedigree with an autosomal recessive vitreoretinal degeneration, severe myopia, and congenital encephalocele. All five affected members (four girls and one boy) also had early, recurrent bilateral detachments. Color vision testing disclosed an acquired tritan dyschromatopsia and electroretinography showed subnormal photopic and scotopic amplitudes, delayed b-wave implicit times and 30-Hz flicker-phase relations, and absent scotopic b-wave oscillations. PMID- 6979936 TI - Assessing the risk of retinitis pigmentosa with age-of-onset data. AB - Early characteristic electrophysiologic and ophthalmoscopic changes may help predict the development of retinitis pigmentosa. Until recently, if these were absent or equivocal, the ophthalmologist had to rely on the family pattern of transmission and simple Mendelian genetic methods to calculate the patient's risk of manifesting the disease. We used data on age of onset of subjective night blindness in 229 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (189 with autosomal recessive disease, 27 with autosomal dominant disease, and 13 with X-chromosome-linked disease) with Bayesian methods of probability calculation to predict the risk of retinitis pigmentosa development in a given patient more accurately than is possible with simple Mendelian methods. The risk for one subject used as an example was reduced from 50% to 12.9%. PMID- 6979937 TI - The mechanism of transient myopia induced by sulfonamide therapy. AB - We performed acute and convalescent A-scan echographic ocular measurements documenting the anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and axial length of a patient with acute transient sulfamethoxazole-induced myopia. Shallowing of the anterior chamber, independent of changes in the thickness of the lens, was the only anatomic variation found that could explain the myopia. Swelling of the ciliary body, with forward movement of the lens-iris diaphragm, could produce this transient anatomic change. PMID- 6979938 TI - Thermodynamic analysis of active sodium and potassium transport in the frog corneal epithelium. AB - The formalism of linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics for a three-flow system was applied to the isolated frog corneal epithelium to study the coupling between metabolism and the Na-K transport system across this layer. There is little or no net ion transport across the isolated frog corneal epithelium bathed in Na2SO4 Ringer. Addition of amphotericin B to the tear side solution increases apical membrane permeability, which results in a net Na transport (from tear to stroma) and a net K transport in the opposite direction. Corneas were mounted in a modified Ussing chamber that permitted the simultaneous measurements of electrical parameters and O2 consumption by means of Clark-type oxygen electrodes. The overall degree of coupling, q, of the Na-K transport system to metabolism was calculated from measuring the suprabasal O2 consumption rate at "static head" and "level flow" conditions and by a second independent technique. Measurements of electrical conductance used in conjunction with other previously measured parameters allowed the calculation of the affinity, A, of the metabolic reaction driving transport, all phenomenological coefficients, and the electromotive forces of sodium (ENa) and potassium transport (EK). Values of q determined by the two techniques agreed (q = 0.80 and 0.84, respectively). This indicates incomplete coupling and a variable stoichiometric relationship among O2 consumption rate, net Na transport, and net K transport. The value calculated for A was 70.5 kcal.mol-1, for ENa 142.5 mV, and for EK -34.9 mV. PMID- 6979939 TI - Contractile properties of bundles of fiber segments from skeletal muscles. AB - Our purpose was to determine whether contractile properties of bundles of skeletal muscle fiber segments were significantly different from those of bundles of intact fibers. In frog muscles, the only difference between the contractile properties of fiber segments and intact fibers was a lower maximum velocity of shortening (Vo) for the fiber segments. In mammalian muscles, the contraction time (TPT), relaxation time (RT1/2), and maximum tetanus tension (Po) of bundles of fiber segments were not different from those of intact fibers, but the rate of tension development (dP/dt), twitch-to-tetanus ratio (Pt/Po) and Vo were lower. The lower dP/dt and Pt/Po resulted from increased compliance due to damaged sarcomeres near cut ends. Within 4-9 mm of a cut end, membrane potentials were less than control values, and sarcomeres lengthened during a fixed-end contraction. after the length of fiber segments was corrected for the exact portion that was not shortening, the Vo of fiber segments was not different from that of intact fibers. We conclude that valid estimates of contractile properties can be obtained from bundles of skeletal muscle fiber segments. PMID- 6979940 TI - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of frog skin. AB - The intracellular phosphate composition of whole and split frog skins has been studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The spectra were similar to those previously recorded from isolated epithelial cells of toad bladder. However, qualitative differences were noted in comparison with spectra from whole toad bladder. The 31P spectra from whole frog skin reflect the intracellular compositions of the epithelial cells, whereas subepithelial elements contribute significantly to the total observed 31P signals from toad bladder. Analyzed at 4 degrees C, the average phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP concentrations of frog skin are of similar magnitude. The ratio of [PCr] to [ATP + ADP] depends on time, tissue oxygen tension, temperature, and extracellular inorganic phosphate concentration. Both this ratio and the short-circuit current (measured in parallel experiments) fell during the course of aerating frog skins in Ringer solution at room temperature. The intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) signal was identified. After reduction of extracellular pH, the signal did not shift immediately but subsequently did undergo an acid shift. PMID- 6979941 TI - Effects of bicarbonate and pH on chloride transport by gastric mucosa. AB - HCO3 and pH dependence of net Cl transport (JClnet) by resting (metiamide treated) frog gastric mucosa has been investigated in vitro by measuring short circuit current (Isc = JClnet) and transepithelial conductance (G). With either 100% O2 or 95% O2-5% CO2 gassing, HCO3-free solutions caused large (greater than 50%) reductions in Isc and G. Increases in [HCO3] of the serosal, but not mucosal, solution caused increases in Isc and G. At least part of the effect appeared to be due specifically to the HCO3 moiety, as opposed to the pH changes that also occurred. In HCO3-free solutions (100% O2), increasing serosal solution pH above 7 with either permeable or impermeable buffers caused Isc and G to increase; permeable buffers were somewhat more effective than impermeable buffers. Measurements of intracellular pH (pHc) with [14C]DMO or [14C]methylamine showed that increases in extracellular pH (pHo) caused increases in cellular pH (pHc), and these changes in pHc were independent of buffer type. We conclude that HCO3 and/or high pHo stimulate Isc and G and that buffer permeability and cellular concentration can also affect transport. PMID- 6979942 TI - Evolution of angiotensin II-induced catecholamine release. AB - The interaction between angiotensin II (ANG II) and catecholamines was examined in nonmammalian vertebrates. ANG II challenge caused a significant pressor response in representatives of the seven vertebrate classes. Additionally, plasma levels of both epinephrine and norepinephrine increased following intravascular ANG II injection in the conscious lumpfish, bullfrog, and turtle, and the anesthetized chicken. Phentolamine pretreatment totally abolished ANG II pressor action in the hagfish and chicken and diminished the ANG II pressor response in other classes of vertebrates. The ability of ANG II to release catecholamines appears to be a phylogenetically ancient interaction and indicates that catecholamines may play an important role in the physiological expression of ANG II action in lower vertebrates. PMID- 6979944 TI - Delusions: when to confront the facts of life. AB - Research indicates that patients do not hold delusions with as fixed a certainty as has been believed. Confrontation with reality may have an important role in the evaluation and treatment of delusional patients. The authors suggest four factors that may help predict the value of reality confrontation in a given clinical situation: 1) how understandable the delusion is in the context of the patient's life, 2) the degree of conviction with which the patient holds the delusion, 3) the phase in development of the delusional beliefs, and 4) the diagnosis of the patient. PMID- 6979943 TI - How to write a psychiatric consultation. AB - The written psychiatric consultation is the distillation, the official permanent record, and the one universal element of the consultation process. Both the document and process present a good and growing opportunity for service and teaching. The authors offer a conceptual and practical scheme to help potential consultants make decisions about the content, style, and wording of their written communications. Each of the components of the consultation document, including headings, openings, history, examination, and formulations, is considered in terms of its effects on the liaison with the consultee and the care of the patient. PMID- 6979945 TI - Modulation of endometrial lymphocyte response in menstrual cycle of fertile women. AB - Endometrial lymphocytes were isolated in two groups of fertile women, 17 of them normal and seven with various clinical problems. In order to study their immunological properties, endometrial and blood lymphocytes were cultured with either phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed (PW), or purified protein derivative (PPD). Lymphocyte response was assayed by tritiated thymidine incorporation. The percent of T cells was estimated by E-rosette formation. In the normal fertile group, endometrial lymphocyte response to PHA and to Con A was found to correlate with the days of menstrual cycle, rising in a linear fashion between days 9 and 24. In the group with clinical problems, no correlation was noted. In neither group were endometrial lymphocyte responses to PW or PPD or percent of endometrial lymphocyte rosette formation influenced by the menstrual cycle. The modulation of endometrial lymphocyte response to PHA or to Con A stimulation in normal fertile women during the menstrual cycle seems unrelated to the number of T cells. PMID- 6979946 TI - Fetal cytotoxic antibodies to maternal T-lymphocytes: a possible mechanisms for maternal tolerance of the fetal allograft. AB - The absolute numbers of B lymphocytes and of total and "active" T lymphocytes in peripheral venous blood (Mv) from 15 females at the time of normal term deliveries were found to be significantly less (p less than 0.001) than in the fetal umbilical vein (Uv) or artery (Ua) or in the peripheral blood of 75 normal nonpregnant controls (Cv), suggesting that maternal cellular immunity at term is lowered. In 19 umbilical artery samples, titers of lymphocytotoxic antibodies (Cyt), expressed as the mean log of reciprocal titer values, were significantly higher (p less than 0.01 in each case)( than in matched maternal samples, against the following cell types: Maternal T cells (7.1 in Ua vs 1.21 in Mv sera); maternal B cells (3.23 vs 1.58); T cells (4.41 vs 1.38) but not B cells from other females at delivery; autologous T cells (2.9 vs 1.0); autologous B cells (1.88 vs 0.69); T (5.39 vs 0.81) and B (2.80 vs 1.25) cells from the paired Uv; T (3.78 vs 0.62) and B (2.64 vs 0.77) cells from the Uv of other newborn infants; and T (4.19 vs 2.0) but not B cells from controls (Cv). The highest Cyt titers in the umbilical artery samples were against maternal T lymphocytes. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that the Cyt antibodies were primarily IgG. Absorption of 13 other Ua sera with maternal T cells eliminated with Cyt activity against both Mv and Cv T cells; absorption with Cv T cells eliminated the reaction against Cv T while reducing cyt titres to Mv T lymphocytes. We conclude that the fetus produces lymphocytotoxic antibody specifically directed against maternal T lymphocytes, in addition to antibody against T lymphocytes of other adults. PMID- 6979947 TI - What is the role of T-lymphocyte surveillance in neoplastic disease? AB - Dramatic advances have recently been made in our comprehension of how thymus derived (T) lymphocytes function. Principles of both antigen-specific and nonspecific modes of their action in cell-mediated immunity are summarized as follows. First, different functions are carried out by distinct, separable populations of T lymphocytes. Second, all T-cell responses depend on interaction between cells of different functional subclasses. Thus, target cell killing of cytotoxic T lymphocytes depends on separate, coincident recognition of antigen by pre-cytotoxic T lymphocytes and by amplifier T cells that supply a nonspecific but critical lymphokine. Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin A and dexamethasone block this interaction at different points. Antigen-specific amplifier T cells also secrete various polypeptide factors that augment the impact of macrophage cytotoxicity, and immune interferon, which stimulates natural killer (NK) cells. Thus, even in cases where T cells are not the effectors, activation of T cells can potentiate host defenses. However, immune paralysis can result from stimulation of antigen-specific suppressor T cells. These act on effector cells directly or on their amplifier cells. The route of immunization often influences the balance between suppression and activation. Suppressor and amplifier T cells may be killed differentially by drugs like cyclophosphamide. Other cases of nonresponsiveness result from the way T cells actually recognize antigen. T cells only react with antigen in cell-surface complexes with self-histocompatibility antigen. Some otherwise-stimulatory antigens cannot form immunogenic complexes with the products of certain histocompatibility alleles, so that nonresponsiveness to those antigens is genetically predetermined. Overall, the centrality of T-lymphocyte surveillance in controlling spontaneous neoplasms is challenged by the low incidence of malignancy in T cell-deficient animals. This controversy will be examined both with reference to the lesions in T-cell development in these cases and with reference to the auxiliary roles played by T cells in amplifying the responses of non-T effector cells. PMID- 6979948 TI - Vestibular ototoxicity in the chick: effects of streptomycin on equilibrium and on ampullary dark cells. AB - Starting a week after they were hatched, chicks received daily subcutaneous injections of streptomycin sulfate for 15 or 30 days at one of three dosages: 400, 800, or 1,200 mg/kg body weight. During the period of administration, the chicks were weighed, examined for signs of systemic intoxication, and tested for impairment of equilibrium. At intervals some birds from each group were sacrificed and the end-organs of the semicircular canals were examined for damage. After the fifteenth injection, the weights of the control and experimental chicks were similar. By comparison, the chicks that received streptomycin injections showed varying degrees of impairment of equilibrium. First, some birds in the three experimental groups began to tremble at least slightly by the third injections, but others, particularly at the highest dosage (1,200 mg/kg body weight), trembled severely by the fifth injections. However, trembling began to subside in the lowest-dosage (400 mg/kg body weight) group by the fourteenth injection. Second, the chicks' ability to perch on dowels, either hooded or unhooded, and their ability to perch on the investigator's fingers in the dark deteriorated. Perching performances on the dowel deteriorated conspicuously only at higher dosages, while changes in perching on the finger were detected earlier and at lower dosages. Streptomycin damaged dark cells before other cell types. The cuboidal dark cells were most sensitive, followed by the pyriform cells. The eminential cells were least sensitive. Although the hair cells were functionally damaged by either the primary or the secondary actions of streptomycin, as evidenced by the chicks' early impairment of equilibrium, they showed distinct cytologic lesions later than did the dark cells. PMID- 6979949 TI - [Quantitative characteristics of cellular immunity in uncomplicated pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by late toxicosis]. PMID- 6979950 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in anemia in pregnant women]. PMID- 6979951 TI - [Use of uterine electrostimulation for preventing complications in the afterbirth and early puerperal periods]. PMID- 6979952 TI - Continuous intravenous infusion of disoprofol (ICI 35868, Diprivan). Comparison with Althesin to cover surgery under local analgesia. AB - Disoprofol has been used to induce and, by continuous infusion, to maintain a light level of general anaesthesia in 100 patients undergoing surgery with the aid of a regional block. Its effects have been compared with 100 patients anaesthetised in a similar manner with Althesin. Disoprofol proved to be a very satisfactory agent for use by this method and apart from an appreciable incidence of pain on injection the number of complications was small and comparable to those found with Althesin, which caused more involuntary movements. Recovery was particularly rapid and clear-headed following disoprofol, and occurred highly significantly more quickly than after Althesin. Disoprofol, however, will not be marketed in the present formulation which has Cremophor EL as the solubilising agent. PMID- 6979953 TI - Liver enzyme studies with disoprofol (ICI 35,868) and midazolam. PMID- 6979954 TI - Clinical evaluation of a new fiberoptic catheter oximeter during cardiac surgery. AB - A new pulmonary arterial catheter (Opticath), containing the standard pulmonary artery catheter features plus two fiberoptic filaments to permit continuous measurement of oxygen saturation (SVO2) by a companion oximeter, was studied in 13 patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery. The study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of Opticath SVO2 measurements, to determine the incidence of catheter-related problems, and to correlate changes in SVO2 with hemodynamic changes. A good correlation was found between the SVO2 determined by the Opticath and that measured by American Optical and Radiometer Oximeters (r = 0.92 and 0.89 respectively; p less than 0.0001). There was a significant correlation between increases or decreases in values of SVO2 greater than or equal to 5% and corresponding changes in cardiac index, stroke index, and left ventricular stroke work index (p less than 0.001), and an 86% probability that SVO2 decrease greater than or equal to 5% reflected a significant decline in cardiac index. PMID- 6979955 TI - Anesthetic considerations for the patient with homocystinuria. PMID- 6979956 TI - Umbilical vein for aortocoronary bypass. PMID- 6979957 TI - Effects of alpha chymotrypsin on the canine eye. AB - Injection of 150, 500, or 750 U of alpha chymotrypsin into the posterior chamber of clinically normal Beagles resulted in changes in intraocular pressure and iridocyclitis. In the 6 eyes treated with 500 or 750 U, lens subluxation occurred in 4 eyes, retinal detachment in 1 eye, retinal degeneration in 1 eye, and optic nerve degeneration in 6 eyes. Scanning electron microscopic changes included dose related zonulolysis and zonulary remnants within the aqueous humor outflow pathways. Ultrastructural changes by transmission microscopy of the optic nerve degeneration revealed loss of axoplasm and organelles and disruption of the myelin sheaths. Retinal and optic nerve changes may represent the direct toxic effects of alpha chymotrypsin and/or the indirect effects of increased intraocular pressure. PMID- 6979958 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations of the goat: isolation and identification. AB - Experiments were designed to identify and isolate goat monocytes and lymphocytes. Leukocytes were obtained from peripheral blood, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Thymocytes lacked surface immunoglobulin (Ig) detectable by immunohistochemical techniques and receptors for complement or Ig. A majority of the thymocytes nd nylon-wool purified blood T lymphocytes bound peanut agglutinin (PNA). However, a distinct minority of the T lymphocytes lacked receptors for PNA. The PNA nonreactive lymphocytes represented a greater portion of the cells of the spleen and lymph nodes, suggesting that caprine T lymphocytes may be placed in PNA reactive and nonreactive subpopulations. Lymphocytes with complement and Ig receptors and surface Ig were detected in the blood, spleen, and lymph nodes. These cells met the criteria for caprine B lymphocytes. The lymphocytes were enriched by immunocytoadherence techniques followed by isopyknic centrifugation, and the portion of PNA reactive cells decreased as the number of B lymphocytes increased. PMID- 6979960 TI - Failure of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the therapy of recurrent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - The use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis cariniii is well established. Treatment failure with this regimen has been ascribed to inadequate antibiotic serum concentrations. We describe an immunosuppressed patient with recurrent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who failed to respond to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy despite high antibiotic serum concentrations. Subsequently, a response to pentamidine isethionate was obtained. The reason for failure and therapeutic implications in patients with Pneumocystis carini pneumonia who have received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are discussed. PMID- 6979959 TI - Effects of bacterial pneumonitis on development of pneumocystosis in rats. AB - Disease caused by the protozoan parasite Pneumocystis carinii complicates management of patients with a variety of defects in immune function and is most commonly observed in patients who receive long-term therapy with glucocorticoids. In the rat, disease is readily induced by chronic administration of glucocorticoids. However, rats that have had polymorphonuclear leukocytic pneumonitis induced by Pseudomonas are protected from development of pneumocystosis, whereas rats that have received an intratracheal injection of Staphylococcus, which does not induce a polymorphonuclear leukocytic alveolar exudate, are not protected. It is possibly that accidental contact of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with dormant Pneumocystis is an important element of control of the organism in healthy animals, and suppression of polymorphonuclear leukocytic inflammatory response underlies glucocorticoid-induced and spontaneous activation of the disease. PMID- 6979961 TI - Obstructive apnea and paradoxical rib cage movements induced by diaphragm pacing: a probable mechanism and suggestions for treatment. PMID- 6979964 TI - Emergency operation for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - From January 1973 through December 1977, 580 patients presented with 624 episodes of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage at the University fo Pittsburgh Health Center Hospitals. Ninety-one patients (15%) underwent operation for uncontrollable hemorrhage. Operative mortality was 30 per cent for all patients and 21 per cent for patients with gastroduodenal bleeding (duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, erosive gastritis). In patients with gastroduodenal bleeding, seven of 15(47%) with preoperative hypotensive shock (systolic b.p. less than or equal to .02). Twenty-five patients had vagotomy and pyloroplasty with suture ligation of bleeding ulcers, while 34 patients underwent gastric resection. The operative mortality for resection was 21 per cent (7/34) compared with 16 percent (4/25) for vagotomy and pyloroplasty. The incidence of rebleeding was 15 per cent (5/34) for resection and 8 per cent (2/25 for vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Nine patients (26%) has suture-line leaks following resection, and none were found after vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Severe of nine patients (78%) who had leaks after resection had hypotensive shock prior to operation. Six of the seven patients who died following gastric resection had complication (either leak or rebleeding) directly related to the operative procedure, while the four deaths following vagotomy and pyloroplasty occurred in patients not having procedure related complications. Procedure-related morbidity (leaks and rebleeding) with resection (41%) was significantly higher than with vagotomy and pyloroplasty (8%) (P less than or equal to .01). These data show vagotomy and pyloroplasty to be the safer operation for patients with uncontrollable gastroduodenal hemorrhage, particularly those with preoperative hypotension. PMID- 6979962 TI - Effect of cigarette smoke on human serum trypsin inhibitory capacity and antitrypsin concentration. AB - Investigation of the effect of cigarette smoke on the serum trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) and antitrypsin content in 89 smokers compared with 37 nonsmokers revealed that cigarette smoking is associated with a significantly lower level of TIC. No alteration in serum antitrypsin content was found because of cigarette smoking. Further analysis of the data indicated a correlation between the magnitude of smoking and the reduction in serum TIC. The reduction of TIC in cigarette smokers is consistent with the recent findings of decreased alpha 1 antitrypsin activity in rat lung and the reduced elastase inhibitory capacity per mg of alpha 1-antitrypsin found in the serum of smokers. The decrease in TIC in the serum of smokers, in addition to the reported decrease in elastolytic activity, may be useful in explaining the pathogenesis of emphysema frequently found in smokers. PMID- 6979965 TI - Zomepirac and renal failure. PMID- 6979966 TI - Metabolism of the intact pulmonary microcirculation. PMID- 6979963 TI - Reduction of the elastase inhibitory capacity of alpha 1-antitrypsin by peroxides in cigarette smoke: an analysis of brands and filters. AB - A procedure for measuring the oxidant content of aqueous condensates of tobacco cigarette smoke is described. The procedure was used in conjunction with analysis of the ability of the smoke solutions to inactivate the elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC) of alpha 1-antitrypsin. The ability of the smoke of a brand to inactivate alpha 1-antitrypsin correlates well with the known tar and nicotine and with the amount of oxidants as measured using o-dianisidine. Filters were found to remove about 73% of the oxidants from smoke. Smoke from a commercial nontobacco cigarette was also found to contain a significant amount of oxidants and to also destroy alpha 1-antitrypsin. Catalase and superoxide dismutase reduce the effect of solutions containing smoke on the EIC of alpha 1-antitrypsin, suggesting that peroxides and superoxide anions in smoke contribute to the oxidant capacity of the smoke. The extent of apparent oxidation by a given quantity of smoke condensate increases for as long as an hour from the time the condensate is collected. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to the smoke solution increases both its oxidant content and its ability to inactivate alpha 1 antitrypsin. These data suggest that occurrence of hydrogen peroxide caused by secretion from macrophages found in the small airways of smokers may contribute to a locally damaging environment for alpha 1-antitrypsin in the presence of cigarette smoke that could promote the development of centrilobular emphysema. PMID- 6979968 TI - Otitis media secondary to ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae. An update. PMID- 6979967 TI - Chronic ulcerative conjunctivitis in a patient with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - A 62-year-old woman had chronic bilateral conjunctival ulceration of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae. Conjunctival scrapings for viral, chlamydial, and bacteriologic studies were unrevealing. A conjunctival biopsy specimen was taken and submitted for histopathologic and immunofluorescent studies. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue sections showed lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinosphils. Laboratory findings showed serum alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. alpha-1-Antitrypsin has a molecular weight of approximately 60,000 and inhibits a number of proteolytic enzymes including cellular trypsin, elastase, collagenase, and proteases. The deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin may have caused such enzymes to perpetuate the tissue damage, thus eventuating in chronic ulcerative conjunctivitis. The association of deficient alpha-1-antitrypsin with chronic ulcerative conjunctivitis could thus have been coincidental or a contributing factor to the conjunctival disease. PMID- 6979969 TI - Simultaneous round and oval window fistulae in a child. AB - Sudden hearing loss from simultaneous rupture of both oval and round windows, occurring in the only hearing ear of a child, is described. The condition was surgically managed with recovery of hearing. Of particular note was the presence of air aspirated into the labyrinth at the time of membrane rupture, which has not previously been described. The possible mechanisms and some clinical correlates associated with anatomic predisposition to such rupture are discussed. PMID- 6979970 TI - [Study of concomitant cell changes in peritoneal fluid colony stimulating factor release (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979971 TI - [Aortoduodenal fistulae following prosthetic repair of the abdominal aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979972 TI - Investigation of lymphocyte subpopulations and hypersensitivity skin tests during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. AB - Cell-mediated immune responses were examined during the menstrual cycle of 10 healthy females and in 90 pregnant females, 10 for each month of gestation, and in 10 females 2--4 weeks after normal delivery. Lymphocytes and their subpopulations and PPD hypersensitivity skin tests were investigated. The lymphocyte subpopulation T-cells showed statistically significant depression at the time of ovulation (P less than 0.01) and during the entire period of gestation (P less than 0.001) with recovery in the post-partum period. There was borderline PPD skin response during pregnancy which became positive after parturition. These changes were demonstrated to be specific to conception but the exact mechanism of the T-cell depression is not known. There was a corresponding rise in the B-cell count. PMID- 6979973 TI - Indications and selection of patients for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - Patients with chronic stable angina who have coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery for the relief of symptoms are asymptomatic after one year in about 75% of cases. The indications for surgery in unstable angina are unclear. CABG has not shown to benefit patients with Printzmetal angina or who survived an episode of ventricular fibrillation. CABG for acute myocardial infarction is a contentious issue, buy an operative death rate of 5.2% with a late mortality of 1.1% has been reported. There is still debate about the usefulness of CABG in promoting life expectancy. Improved longevity is clearly seen in left main and triple vessel disease. PMID- 6979974 TI - Stabilization of cholic acid uptake in primary cultures of hepatocytes by dexamethasone and tocopherol. PMID- 6979975 TI - Chemical modification of cysteine and tyrosine residues in formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from Clostridium thermoaceticum. PMID- 6979976 TI - Skeletal manifestations in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. AB - The clinical course of three patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in whom skeletal disease developed is presented and the literature on skeletal involvement in these disorders is reviewed. Three separate types of skeletal manifestations occurred: (1) osteolytic lesions, (2) osteoblastic lesions, and (3) diffuse osteoporosis. Hypercalcemia was present in two cases. Tumor cells from two patients in short-term culture secreted osteoclast-activating factor(s). Both of these patients had pathologic evidence of osteoclast activation in bone sections. Thus, the tumor cells in certain patients with CTCL may derive from a monoclonal proliferation of a T-cell subset capable of producing humoral bone resorbing factor(s) similar to those demonstrated in cultures of mitogen- and antigen-activated normal lymphocytes. Since skeletal lesions are unusual, it would follow that other T-cell subsets account for pathologic cell proliferation in most patients with CTCL. PMID- 6979977 TI - Bone rarefaction and crush fractures in juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - Seventy children with juvenile chronic arthritis have had measurements of cortical and trabecular bone density in one or both radii. In 7 children with unilateral disease of one wrist, there was a substantial reduction in growth on the affected side. Trabecular bone density in the distal radius was reduced in the main group of 63 patients compared with controls, and this deficit was appreciably worse if the wrist was clinically affected by disease or if the child was being treated with steroids. Cortical bone density in the midshaft was less affected. Crush fractures of the spine were associated with more prolonged periods of bed rest, steroid therapy, radial trabecular bone density more than 2 standard deviations below normal, and subnormal 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations in the serum. Since steroid therapy is often mandatory the main therapeutic implications are that the more severely affected child often needs vitamin D supplementation in "physiological" dosage, and that early mobilisation and reduction of steroid dosage should be constant aims. PMID- 6979980 TI - How long should we talk to patients? A study in doctor-patient communication. AB - The 13 questions to which 173 rheumatic outpatients most frequently wished to know the answer were made the basis of a structured interview. Two lengths of interview were conducted in a controlled trial (short being of 2 minutes' duration, long ranging from 4 to 11 minutes). Sixty patients referred directly from their general practitioners, and not being in any of the remedial professions, were randomly assigned to one of the 2 groups. They were tested by an independent observer immediately after interview, and one month later at their return appointment, by means of a questionnaire that covered the 13 items of information given to all the patients. The longer interview resulted in significantly more information being retained. Of individual questions only 3 scored significantly better with the longer interview--that about the reasons for x-rays immediately after interview, and the role of heredity and the place of rest at delayed recall. PMID- 6979979 TI - Neutropenia in rheumatoid arthritis: studies on possible contributing factors. AB - Twenty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and neutropenia, of whom 19 had a palpable spleen, were compared with 24 patients with uncomplicated RA, and 16 patients with RA and associated splenomegaly without neutropenia. Clinically patients with neutropenia had evidence of a more systemic disease as assessed by prevalence of rheumatoid nodules, weight loss, and recurrent infections. However, there was less evidence of active synovitis than in the other 2 groups. Marrow neutrophil reserve was studied by means of a hydrocortisone stimulation test and was found to be lower in all 3 groups than in normal persons but with most marked depletion in the neutropenic group. Removal of the spleen in some patients with neutropenia resulted in a significant increase in marrow neutrophil reserve. Circulating immune complexes as detected by anticomplementary activity and platelet aggregation tests were detected in 68% of the RA neutropenia group, 31% of the RA splenomegaly group, and 8% of the uncomplicated RA group. Our results show that, assessed both clinically and by the above tests, patients with neutropenia have a greater prevalence of abnormalities which may be directly related to their neutropenia. Patients with splenomegaly alone closely resemble patients with uncomplicated RA. PMID- 6979978 TI - Skeletal changes in preterm infants. AB - The skeletal changes in 19 very low birthweight infants (less than 1500 g) were observed from birth to 10 weeks, by means of clinical, biochemical, and radiological techniques. All infants were receiving a supplement of 800 IU vitamin D a day from age 2 weeks. None of the infants showed any specific physical sign of rickets during the period of study. Six infants showed radiological evidence of skeletal demineralisation; 1 of these had severe changes of rickets and 1 had both rickets and fractures. These 6 infants were of shorter gestational periods and lower birthweights than the infants not showing radiological changes. They tended to have more clinical problems and to reach a predetermined volume of feeds (160 ml/kg a day) later than the unaffected infants. Serum alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher at 5 weeks in the infants with abnormal radiographs than in those without. There were no significant differences between the two groups in relation to serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. The pathogenesis of the skeletal lesions of very low birthweight infants remains unknown. PMID- 6979981 TI - [Cross-sectional tuberculin and radiophotographic survey of endemic tuberculosis in Kinshasa, Zaire (1978-1979)]. PMID- 6979982 TI - Efficacy of low-dose propranolol in preventing postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a prospective, randomized study. AB - A prospective, randomized study was performed in 100 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery to assess the efficacy of the early reinstitution of propranolol in reducing the incidence of postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVT). Patients were randomized to receive propranolol 10 mg every 6 hours enterally starting the morning after surgery (Group I, 50 patients) or to serve as controls (Group II, 50 patients). No patient was excluded because of poor ventricular function, need for urgent revascularization, or transient necessity for ionotropic support. Both groups had a comparable incidence of risk factors, previous infarction, unstable angina, and abnormal ventricular function. The extent of coronary disease, preoperative propranolol dose, and number of grafts performed were also similar. SVT occurred in 3/50 (6%) patients in Group I compared with 14/50 (28%) in Group II (p less than 0.01). There were no preoperative or intraoperative discriminators to predict the occurrence of SVT. In addition, perioperative infarction and the need for mechanical or pharmacologic circulatory support did not predispose to SVT. The data indicate that early administration of propranolol should be given to all patients after myocardial revascularization to decrease the incidence of these postoperative rhythm disturbances. PMID- 6979983 TI - Comparative efficacy of Go 10213 and some nitroimidazoles against Trichomonas vaginalis and T. Foetus in mice infected subcutaneously. PMID- 6979985 TI - Hyperlipoproteinemia as a significant risk factor for pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - A five-year (1975 through 1979) retrospective analysis of all cardiac surgical patients who sustained a postoperative pulmonary embolism was undertaken, and lipoprotein profiles of these patients were evaluated. Twenty-six patients (20 men and 6 women) were identified who had definite clinical, laboratory, and radiological evidence of pulmonary embolism in the postoperative period. Twenty had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting, and the remaining 6 had undergone other cardiac surgical procedures. Of the 20 patients who had coronary bypass, 19 (95%) were found to have hyperlipoproteinemia (14 patients with type II and 5 with type IV). There were 4 hospital deaths (15%), all related to pulmonary embolism. The 4 patients had undergone coronary bypass procedures, and all had type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Since patients with hyperlipoproteinemia made up less than 10% of the coronary bypass population, the incidence of pulmonary embolism in this group is highly significant (p less than 0.001). Experimental evidence has shown that patients with hyperlipoproteinemia, especially type II, have increased platelet adhesiveness and aggregation, and coagulation abnormalities consistent with a hypercoagulable state. This retrospective study clinically confirms that finding and suggests that early postoperative anticoagulation therapy may be indicated in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia, particularly type II, to reduce thromboembolic complications. PMID- 6979984 TI - Coronary artery stenosis following aortic valve replacement and intermittent intracoronary cardioplegia. AB - From July, 1977, to July, 1980, intermittent cold blood potassium cardioplegia was used in 208 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. Aortic root injection of the cardioplegic solution at 10 degrees C was followed every 20 to 30 minutes by infusions of the solution through Silastic cannulas sutured in the coronary orifices or reinserted with each injection. Symptoms of myocardial ischemia developed in 6 patients 3 to 30 months postoperatively. Coronary angiography confirmed new stenoses of the left orifice (3 patients), left main trunk (1 patient), left anterior descending coronary artery (2 patients), circumflex coronary artery (1 patients), and right orifice (3 patients). Four patients underwent saphenous vein grafting procedures, with 2 deaths; 2 patients refused reoperation. A seventh patient with 80% stenosis of the circumflex coronary artery and a posterolateral myocardial infarction died 2 months after double-valve replacement. Intermittent cold blood potassium cardioplegia instead of continuous perfusion did not prevent coronary arterial injury. Injuries occurred in the distal coronary arteries as well as the orifices and were not prevented by withdrawal of the cannulas between injections. Tight-fitting cannulas and high-pressure injection should be avoided. A careful search for coronary arterial injury should be made in all symptomatic patients following aortic valve replacement. PMID- 6979986 TI - Single aortotomy for multiple aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts. PMID- 6979987 TI - Unsuspected giant cell arteritis diagnosed at open heart surgery. AB - A 62-year-old patient undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting had giant cell arteritis diagnosed by routine aortic biopsy done at the graft insertion site. This finding led to the tissue diagnosis of temporal arteritis and the institution of steroid therapy. In retrospect, vague symptoms of headache and fatigue, which had been attributed to side effects of antianginal therapy, were probably caused by giant cell arteritis. The population undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting is in an age group at risk for giant cell arteritis. Routine aortic biopsy specimens should be carefully examined with this in mind. PMID- 6979988 TI - [Induction of anti-tumor cell-mediated immunity by local irradiation against transplanted brain tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 6979991 TI - Plasma prolactin concentrations and psychopathology in chronic schizophrenia. AB - Plasma prolactin concentrations in 17 drug-free chronic schizophrenic patients correlated inversely with ratings of their psychopathology. An inverse relationship between psychotic symptoms and plasma prolactin concentrations was particularly clear in patients with normal cerebral ventricular size as determined by computed tomography. The psychosis-prolactin relationship did not hold for schizophrenic patients with large ventricular size. These data suggest that the degree of psychosis is related to dopaminergic activity insofar as this is reflected by plasma prolactin concentrations, especially in schizophrenic patients with normal ventricular size. These findings lend further support to the hypothesis that ventricular size is a meaningful factor in subtyping chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6979990 TI - [Muco-ciliary clearance and the ultrastructure of cilia. II. Evaluation of muco ciliary transport in the trachea using bronchofibroscopy (modified Sackner method)]. PMID- 6979992 TI - Complications of Denver peritoneovenous shunting. AB - The records of 49 consecutive patients treated with Denver peritoneovenous shunts were reviewed to determine the incidence of complications and length of patient survival. Thirty-eight complications (16 types) were identified in 22 (45%) of the patients and, in 10 instances, contributed to subsequent death. Ten percent of shunts failed during long-term follow-up. The 54% one-year survival by life table analysis of patients with cirrhosis treated with the Denver shunt matched results previously reported for similar patients treated with the LeVeen shunt. Patients with intra-abdominal malignant neoplasms had an 11% one-year survival overall. Although it too is associated with significant complications, the Denver peritoneovenous shunt seems to have a lower failure rate and a lower incidence of complications than the LeVeen peritoneovenous shunt. Thus, the Denver shunt offers advantages in the treatment of intractable ascites. PMID- 6979989 TI - [Muco-ciliary clearance and the ultrastructure of cilia. I. Ultrastructural changes of the cilia in bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 6979993 TI - Modulation of experimental autoimmune uveitis with cyclosporin A. AB - Cyclosporin A has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of T cell-mediated diseases. We show here that cyclosporin A was capable of totally preventing the clinical appearance of experimental autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats, even when administered on an every-other-day schedule (10 mg/kg) or when begun seven days after immunization (40 mg/kg). At lower doses of the drug, a modulation of the disease was seen with evidence of a more chronic, granulomatous process. A long lasting unresponsive state to the immunizing antigen was not uniformly induced with cyclosporin A if therapy was begun seven days after S antigen immunization. Because of cyclosporin A's effective control of this experimental model that is induced by an antigen to which certain patients with uveitis demonstrate cell mediated immune responses, cyclosporin A may be an effective mode of therapy for T cell-mediated intraocular inflammatory disease. PMID- 6979994 TI - [Relationship between cardiotocographic monitoring ans SPl-beta-1-glycoprotein]. PMID- 6979995 TI - Sensitivity of the vestibular system to acoustic stimuli. AB - Cochlea-deprived pigeons were placed on a rotating platform and stimulated with sound after fenestration of the lateral canal. The whole nerve action potentials evoked by the sound stimulus were suppressed by the rotatory stimulus. The time course of this suppression makes the lateral crista the most acceptable site of generation of the action potential. In another type of experiment, single unit responses were recorded from the lateral ampullary nerve during stimulation with sound. Phase-lock of the response to the stimulus was best for frequencies fom 0.5 to 1 kHz. PMID- 6979996 TI - Factors affecting the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in patients enrolled in the coronary artery surgery study. AB - This study was designed to test the relationship between each of nine risk variables and the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in 15,298 patients with coronary artery disease proven by arteriography who were enrolled in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study. The extent and severity of the disease were highly significantly (p less than 0.001), but modestly, correlated with age, sex, cholesterol levels, history of diabetes, and history of hypertension. Interestingly, no positive correlation (indeed, in some subgroups, a negative correlation) occurred between the arteriographic measures of disease and the cigarette smoking history (ever or never, number of pack-years of smoking, duration of cigarette smoking, and peak daily cigarette consumption). These results suggest that the risk factors for presence of disease may differ from those influencing angiographic extent and severity. PMID- 6979997 TI - Simple endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices. AB - A routine upper gastrointestinal fiberoscope (Olympus GIFK) was used for endoscopic sclerotherapy of varices in 38 patients sedated with I.V. diazepam. It was effective in preventing rebleeding in 30 patients, and greatly reducing the size and number of varices in 31 of the patients. This endoscope needs no additional cuff or sheath for this therapy. It is easier to use and safer than the rigid oesophagoscope. Sodium tetradecyl sulphate is as effective as ethanolamine oleate as a sclerosant and causes no chest pain. Four patients developed a fibrotic lower oesophageal stricture. One patient developed an intramural haematoma that was followed by bacteraemia and death. PMID- 6979998 TI - Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults. AB - Three cases of pyogenic Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults have been diagnosed within the Brisbane Metropolitan area in the last twelve months. This had been considered a very unusual cause of meningitis in adults which has not previously been recorded in the Australian literature, and should alert clinicians to a possible alteration in the age specificity of this disease. Two of the three isolates proved resistant to ampicillin; this emphasizes the need to exclude beta lactamase production in all Haemophilus isolates from critical infections. All three patients recovered without significant sequelae but the choice of primary antimicrobial in adult meningitis remains open to question. PMID- 6979999 TI - Trematode (Sphaeridiotrema globulus)-induced ulcerative hemorrhagic enteritis in wild mute swans (Cygnus olor). AB - Ulcerative hemorrhagic enteritis of swans induced by Sphaeridiotrema globulus is enzootic at Lake Musconetcong in northern New Jersey. It accounted for a calculated 250 deaths of wild mute swans (Cygnus olor) between 1970 and 1980. The swans died primarily in the winter and early spring. Sites of infection included the jejunum and ileum. Trematodes singly or in groups ulcerated the intestines. Severe hemorrhage from damaged submucosal capillaries provided a blood meal for the parasites and probably precipitated the anemia observed. The intensity of fatal infections ranged from 20 to 870 parasites. A mononuclear periportal hepatitis and secondary nodules in the spleen were commonly observed. Affected swans exhibited muscular weakness and appeared to have died from hypovolemic shock or some complication associated with it. PMID- 6980000 TI - Interaction between human serum alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and human leukocyte cathepsin G. complex formation and production of a modified inhibitor. PMID- 6980001 TI - Epidermal growth factor stimulates prostaglandin E release from isolated perfused rat stomach. PMID- 6980003 TI - Heterogeneous localization of two cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activities in dispersed cells of mouse lung. PMID- 6980002 TI - Identification of rabbit microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozyme, form 1, as a hepatic progesterone 21-hydroxylase. PMID- 6980004 TI - Reversal by citrovorum factor of methotrexate-induced suppression of cell mediated and humoral immune response in mouse model systems. AB - C3H/HeHa mice were immunized (day 0) with 5 X 10(8) sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or 3 X 10(7) EL-4 lymphoma cells (i.p.), and C57B1/6J mice were immunized (day 0) with 3 X 10(7) P815 mastocytoma cells (i.p.). Methotrexate (MTX, 100 mg/kg) was given i.p. on day +2, with or without citrovorum factor (CF) at equimolar dose. In the absence of CF in C57B1/6J mice, the complement-independent cellular cytotoxicity (CICC) response did not recover in 18 days from MTX suppression to levels seen in immunized controls, while in C3H mice, with EL-4 as antigen, the response equalled that of controls by day 18 and was similar to or greater than that of controls through day 28; in both cases the serum antibody response returned to control levels by day 20. In both mouse strains, CF produced immediate recovery of the responses measured. In contrast, with SRBC as antigen, while the MTX suppression of complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (CDCC) in the absence of CF recovered by day 7, the CICC response recovered much more slowly. CF administration produced a rapid (day 4) return of CDCC activity to control levels, but only a partial restoration of CICC activity by day 6. In conclusion, the kinetics of recovery of the CICC and CDCC responses and of CF rescue of MTX-induced immunosuppression were dependent on mouse strain and on immunogens used, as well as on the type of response measured. Thus, selectivity of MTX action is indicated. PMID- 6980005 TI - Deoxyadenosine triphosphate accumulation in erythrocytes of deoxycoformycin treated mice. AB - The accumulation of deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) in erythrocytes of mice treated with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor deoxycoformycin was studied in an attempt to establish and evaluate a model system for the study of at least some biochemical aspects of hereditary adenosine deaminase deficiency. Mouse erythrocytes in vitro readily phosphorylated deoxyadenosine to dATP, and this nucleotide was relatively stable once formed. dATP accumulated in vivo in mice treated with deoxycoformycin both as a function of dose from 0.25 to 10 mg/kg, and with time after administration. Major sources of the deoxyadenosine used for dATP formation in vivo appear to be normoblast nuclei produced during erythropoiesis, and dying cells; minor sources would appear to include dietary DNA, overproduction of deoxyribonucleotides, and DNA repair. PMID- 6980006 TI - Inhibition of aminopropyltransferases by 5'-S-isobutyl-5'-deoxyadenosine in vitro. PMID- 6980007 TI - Chemotaxis in yersinia arthritis. In vitro stimulation of neutrophil migration by HLA--B27 positive and negative sera. AB - Chemotactic and chemokinetic migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in sera from patients with previous yersinia arthritis and from healthy subjects with or without HLA--B27 were studied by the leading front method. Irrespective of yersinia arthritis, zymosan-activated sera from subjects who were HLA--B27 positive were significantly more chemokinetic than were HLA--B27 negative zymosan activated sera from healthy control subjects. The chemotactic activities of zymosan-activated sera that were HLA--B27 positive or negative, as determined by chemotactic increments, were much the same. The results suggest that zymosan activated serum that is HLA--B27 positive stimulates random migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but not their directional migration, more than does HLA--B27 negative serum that has been zymosan activated. This may contribute to accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes at the site of inflammation in vivo and thereby to inflammatory symptoms in yersinia arthritis patients with HLA- B27. PMID- 6980008 TI - Antibodies to SS-B in chronic inflammatory connective tissue diseases. Relationship with HLA-Dw2 and HLA-Dw3 antigens in primary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - SS-B antigen, purified from rabbit thymus, was used in an indirect enzyme immunoassay to demonstrate the presence of IgG-, IgA-, and IgM-type SS-B antibodies in sera from patients with well-defined and characterized chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease. High levels of antibodies to SS-B were found in patients with primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome. Patients with Sjogren's syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus had significantly higher SS-B antibody values than patients with Sjogren's syndrome secondary to rheumatoid arthritis or patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, alone. Two patients with rheumatoid arthritis without secondary Sjogren's syndrome also had a markedly elevated level of antibodies to SS-B. Antibodies of all immunoglobulin classes were found, although the highest values were either IgG- or IgM-type. In primary Sjogren's syndrome, antibody values to SS-B were higher in patients with HLA-Dw2 and/or HLA Dw3 than in those with other HLA-Dw types. We conclude that these antigens or specific immune-response genes close to the D region may be important for the development of antibodies to SS-B. PMID- 6980009 TI - HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis in African blacks. PMID- 6980010 TI - 2-Guaiacolethanol acetylsalicilate: synthesis and some pharmacological properties. PMID- 6980011 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of SP1 in obstetrics and gynecological oncology]. AB - The authors by means of radioimmunoassay analyze SP1 values in selected obstetric and oncological samples. Seven amniotic fluid samples showed various degrees of positivity, but not strictly correlated to the gestational age (previous analysis by immunodiffusion were always negative). SP1 concentrations in ectopic pregnancy confermed similar investigations by other authors. In the oncological field only one serum was highly positive (440 ng/ml); negativity of others could be due to the long time of storage. The SP1 was assayed using a sperimental kit supplied by Boehringwerke A.G. (Marburg, W.G..). Assay procedure: preparation of a standard curve (7 - 440 ng/ml) from which the unknown SP1 content was determinated. Reaction time: 16 - 24 h/20 degrees C (first incubation) and 0.5 - 4 h/20 degrees C (second incubation). PMID- 6980013 TI - Purification and characterization of an N-acylphosphatidylserine from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - A new phospholipid that can account for up to 40% of the total cellular phospholipid of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides has been identified. Purification of the phospholipid was accomplished by column chromatography on silicic acid and diethylaminoethylcellulose followed by preparative thin-layer chromatography. A combination of spectroscopic and chemical techniques were used to identify the unknown phospholipid as an N-acylphosphatidylserine. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of both ester and amide bonds in the phospholipid. Interpretation of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the new phospholipid indicated the presence of three acyl chains per phospholipid and in all other respects was compatible with the proposed structure of the molecule. Chemical studies confirmed the presence of a glycerylphosphorylserine moiety in the molecule and yielded three fatty acyl chains per hydrolyzed phospholipid. The fatty acid composition of the phospholipid was approximately 85% vaccenic acid, 9% stearic acid, 5% palmitic acid, and 1% palmitoleic acid, which is essentially identical with the fatty acid composition of whole cell phospholipid preparations from R. sphaeroides. Chemical synthesis of an N-acylphosphatidylserine from beef brain phosphatidylserine and palmitic anhydride gave a product with characteristics similar to those of the naturally occurring material isolated from R. sphaeroides. PMID- 6980012 TI - Review of long-term treatment with labetalol. AB - 1 Labetalol has been used to treat 163 patients at the Dunedin Hypertension Clinic for periods up to 6.5 y, and of 128 patients in a New Zealand multicentre study for 2 yr. 2 Labetalol was often effective when other anti-hypertensive agents, including beta-blockers, had failed. It was usually given with a diuretic. 3 Mean daily dose was 700 mg (range 100-2400 mg). No tolerance to the anti-hypertensive effect was seen. 4 Some postural-induced decrease in blood pressure on labetalol was common. 5 Side-effects led to withdrawal of labetalol in about 25% of patients, mainly during the first few months of therapy. Another 25% had minor side-effects but could continue with the drug. 6 There were three types of side-effects (in order of frequency): (a) non-specific, (b) related to alpha-blockade and (c) related to beta-blockade. The latter were much less troublesome than on "pure" beta-blockers. 7 There was no significant evidence of renal haematological or hepatic toxicity. 8 Anti-nuclear antibody tests became positive on labetalol in about 15%, usually at low titres but in one patient the titre increased to a high level and fell when labetalol was stopped. 9 In a subset of 25 patients who took labetalol for the longest time (up to 6.5 yr) there was a 16% incidence of anti-mitochondrial antibodies. PMID- 6980015 TI - Use of tritiated 3-O-methyl-D-glucose for studies of membrane transport. Caveat. AB - Tritiated 3-O-methyl-D-glucose has many useful attributes as a model substance for studies of the transport of glucose across cell membranes. However, preparations of high specific radioactivity can decompose within a few months, producing radioactive impurities that can cause a several-fold increase in the apparent rate of sugar transport. In our investigation radioactive contaminants entered frog skeletal muscle cells by free diffusion rather than by facilitated transport. Much of the contaminating radioactive material could be removed by evaporating the solvent and redissolving the sugar. Tritiated sugar samples that had a specific activity below 0.1 Ci/mmol remained stable and suitable for transport measurements after several years of storage at -20 degrees C. In order to evaluate the suitability of a given tritiated preparation of sugar for transport measurements, it is recommended that its behavior be compared with that of a stable reference standard of low specific activity. PMID- 6980016 TI - Hemoglobin transition in early development stages of the tadpole, Rana catesbeiana. AB - Five hemoglobin components (a, I, II, III and IV) were isolated from the hemolysates of the tadpole, Rana catesbeiana. Component a was monomeric molecule and the other four were tetrameric molecules. Component I predominating in younger tadpoles was replaced by component II during tadpole development. Electrophoretic and chemical analyses on the constituent globin chains revealed that component a was very similar to the alpha-chains of components I and II, ad that components I and II differed from one another in their beta chains. PMID- 6980014 TI - Locations of oligosaccharide chains in human alpha 1-protease inhibitor and oligosaccharide structures at each site. AB - Previous studies in this laboratory had shown that the alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) molecule contained two types of oligosaccharides, biantennary and triantennary. Cleavage of human alpha 1-protease inhibitor with CNBr resulted in three carbohydrate-containing fragments, I-III. Composition data revealed that each of these CNBr fragments contained one oligosaccharide chain. The oligosaccharide structure at each glycosylation site on each purified CNBr fragment was determined by compositional analysis, behavior on Con A affinity chromatography, and methylation analysis. From the results of these studies, we propose that fragment I contains one carbohydrate chain that can be of either the biantennary or triantennary type. On the other hand, fragments II and III each contain one carbohydrate chain exclusively by the biantennary type of complex N glycoside. PMID- 6980019 TI - Study of the influence of phosphate groups on the formation of adenine nucleotide - cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) complexes. PMID- 6980018 TI - [Non-thermal effect of nanosecond microwave pulses on transepithelial sodium ion transport]. PMID- 6980017 TI - [Direct proof of the existence of Ca2+-induced structural changes in miosin containing thick filaments of vertebrate skeletal muscles]. AB - Frog sartorius muscles were skinned with the help of detergent Triton X-100 in relaxing solution and then rigorized in the solution free of ATP and calcium (Ca2+-free rigor). Some of the X-ray diffraction patterns obtained from such muscles differed drastically from the patterns of usual "calcium" rigor state of the muscle. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns of Ca2+-free rigor state of the muscle allows the following conclusions to be made. (1) It is proved that the so-called forbidden meridional reflections localised in groups at the successive orders of the repeat period of about 430 A are due to diffraction on the lattice formed by minor proteins of the thick filaments. This must be taken into account while interpreting the intensity changes of the meridional 143 and 215 A reflections in the contracting muscle. (2) The shafts of the myosin containing filaments may exist in two different structural states; the transition between these states takes place on the change of calcium concentration. (3) The deflection of myosin cross-bridges from the shafts of the filaments is possible at either of two conformations of the myosin shafts. (4) The formation of actomyosin rigor-complexes does not necessarily leads to a structural change in the myosin filament. (5) Existence of Ca2+-induced structural changes in the thick filaments indicates possible myosin-linked regulations in the vertebrate skeletal muscle alongside with the actin-linked ones. PMID- 6980020 TI - Visual-vestibular interaction in the control of eye movement: mathematical modelling and computer simulation. AB - After a brief description of the main anatomical structures subserving the oculomotor responses during combined vestibular and optokinetic stimulations, a mathematical model is presented. With respect to a previous model by Schmid et al. (1980), a more accurate definition of the roles of the neural mechanisms involved in oculomotor control in different conditions of visual-vestibular interaction is given. The model is proved to be able to predict not only oculomotor responses, but also single unit average responses in the vestibular nuclei and in the vestibulo-cerebellum. Experimental data available in the literature on monkeys and cats are used for model validation. PMID- 6980021 TI - [Regulation of the superprecipitation of an actomyosin-like protein from the brain by glycolipids]. AB - The optimal conditions (ionic strength, pH, Mg2+ and ATP concentrations) for nephelometric determination of the superprecipitation reaction of the actomyosin like protein (AMLP) from ox brain cortex are described. At low ionic strength (0.1 M KCl, 200 micrograms of protein, pH 6.8, 37 degrees) MgATP (1 mM) first causes a fast (1--2 min) dissociation of AMLP with a decrease in the optical density (A620) at 620 nm and then a slow (15--20 min) true superprecipitation associated with a substantial rise of A620. EGTA (0.1 mM) moderately, i. e. by 20%, inhibits the reaction. The effects of glycolipids (total gangliosides and cerebrosides from ox brain) and phosphatidyl choline from chicken egg yolk on aggregation (without Mg-ATP), dissociation and superprecipitation of AMLP were examined. It was found that gangliosides (40 micrograms) and cerebrosides (2--80 micrograms) cause aggregation of AMLP; phosphatidylcholine (4--160 micrograms) has no effect on protein aggregation. Gangliosides within the concentration range of 0.8--4.0 micrograms do not cause AMLP aggregation but strongly inhibit superprecipitation of the protein, whereas phosphatidylcholine (40--80 micrograms) has practically no effect on the reaction intensity. A hypothesis on regulation by glycolipids on contractile proteins from brain presynaptic membranes under varying rest--excitation conditions is postulated. PMID- 6980022 TI - Application of pulsed-gradient 31P NMR on frog muscle to measure the diffusion rates of phosphorus compounds in cells. AB - Pulsed-gradient 31P NMR was used to measure the diffusion rates of phosphorus compounds in aqueous solution and in living muscles. The diffusion rates of creatine phosphate and inorganic phosphate in intact frog muscle cells were reduced by a factor of approximately 2 from those in aqueous solution, which suggests that the apparent intracellular viscosity is approximately 2 times larger than in aqueous solution. PMID- 6980025 TI - [Ultrastructure of veins in the Rana temporaria]. PMID- 6980024 TI - White blood cell adhesion to endothelium and rheological behavior in microvessels of overinflated frog's lung. AB - The flow behaviors of white blood cells (WBCs) in frog's pulmonary microvessels were recorded and analyzed by means of a microscope-TV camera system. When the flow velocity in arterioles was reduced to a level lower than 1 mm/sec by a moderate overinflation of the exposed lung, WBCs rolled on the endothelial surface, frequently came in contact with the capillary orifice and passed it quickly without deformation. The time length which was required for WBCs to pass through the capillary orifice was shorter than the time length for red blood cells. This observation suggested that WBCs were no hinderance to blood delivery from arterioles to the capillary network in the normal and moderate overinflation of the lung. However, when the lung was strongly overinflated and the center line flow velocity was reduced to 0.1 mm/sec, WBCs adhered to the endothelium in ten minutes. The adhering WBCs could not be detached by the recovery of the blood flow. It seemed probable that a large shear stress up to 100 to 200 dynes/cm2 was necessary to pull down the interaction between the adhering WBCs and the endothelium. PMID- 6980026 TI - [Modification of the humoral immunity of mice by scorpion venom]. PMID- 6980023 TI - Formation and degradation of deoxyadenosine nucleotides in inherited adenosine deaminase deficiency. AB - dATP, dADP, and dAMP equalled or exceeded the depleted levels of ATP, ADP, and AMP in erythrocytes from two children with adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) deficiency. dATP and dADP were identified in the mononuclear cells of only one child. The levels of deoxyadenosine compounds fell dramatically after enzyme replacement therapy and were no longer detectable in the urine or in mononuclear cells. Erythrocyte adenosine nucleotide levels showed a corresponding increase. Intact erythrocytes prior to treatment contained adenine, presumed to be from deoxyadenosine degraded during extraction. Adenosine at high concentrations in vitro increased both dATP and ATP levels and decreased intracellular deoxyadenosine levels. There was no significant deamination of either [8 14C]adenosine or deoxyadenosine by intact ADA-deficient erythrocytes. About 90% of adenosine was metabolized to ATP at substrate concentrations from 10-100 microM, compared to 40-60% of deoxyadenosine metabolized to dATP. These studies suggest that (i) high intracellular deoxyadenosine levels may be necessary in vivo to sustain the raised dATP levels in ADA deficiency. (ii) When ADA is inhibited or absent, deoxyadenosine is removed rapidly from the circulation by the human erythrocyte utilizing an adenosine transport system linked to both ADA and adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20). PMID- 6980027 TI - [Role of lymphocytes in the regeneration of hematopoiesis after local irradiation]. PMID- 6980029 TI - Enzymologic classification of acute leukemias: nonspecific esterase markers distinguish myeloid and lymphoid varieties. AB - Nonspecific esterase zymograms of purified leukemic cells from a case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) and from a case of acute non-B, non-T lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were produced by isoelectric focusing and staining with alpha naphthyl acetate (alpha NA) or alpha-naphthyl butyrate (alpha NB) substrate. A "myeloid" zymogram was found with AMML cells, which closely matched control monocyte and granulocyte zymograms. On the other hand, nonspecific esterase of ALL showed a striking departure from the zymogram pattern of control B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. An intense reactivity with a very low isoelectric point accounted for most of the ALL nonspecific esterase activity. No corresponding reactivity or relatively small amounts thereof were seen in other zymograms. Conversely, few of the isoenzymes that were prominent in zymograms of control lymphocytes were apparent above trace levels in ALL zymograms. Thus, zymogram analysis of nonspecific esterases clearly differentiated the myeloid leukemia from the lymphoid leukemia and provided a potential marker for each. The AMML cells appeared well enough differentiated with respect to nonspecific esterases as to be similar to mature cells of like lineage. It is plausible that the ALL cells, however, were arrested at an earlier stage of esterase expression as reflected by the associated atypical species. PMID- 6980028 TI - [2 Phases of the inotropic action of adrenaline. Calcium dependence]. AB - The biphasic inotropic effect of adrenaline administered for a long time (30 min) was studied on a frog ventricular strip. The fall in the contraction amplitude got more pronounced as the intensity of Ca ions entrance into the myocardial cells was potentiated by the increased frequency of stimulation and calcium or adrenaline concentrations were raised. The mechanisms of the adrenaline-induced decrease in the contraction amplitude are discussed. PMID- 6980030 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte responses by monocytes with untreated and treated multiple myeloma. AB - Studies were performed on 15 untreated and 14 treated patients with multiple myeloma. The monocyte content was normal in blood but elevated in mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from treated but not untreated patients (p less than 0.001). This correlated with the severity of lymphopenia in blood (p less than 0.01). Three patterns of immunoglobulin(Ig) synthesis emerged. (1) Most untreated patients showed normal polyclonal responses to pokeweek mitogen. (2) Of 12 treated patients, the 8 whose MNL included greater than 30% monocytes had subnormal Ig responses to pokeweek mitogen. Ig synthesis increased when adherent cells that suppressed Ig synthesis were depleted. Suppression in vitro bore no relationship to polyclonal immunoglobulin levels in serum. (3) Three patients had early blood invasion by plasmacytoid cells. Their MNL spontaneously released large amounts of the Ig class of their serum gammopathies. Proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin by MNL from all patients were reduced, in part due to monocytoid cell suppression and in part to intrinsic T-cell hyporesponsiveness. B- and T-cell responses in vitro are sometimes suppressed with myeloma. This is related to elevated monocyte percentages in MNL preparations. This excess of monocytes is a function of lymphopenia secondary to therapy, rather than the primary malignant process itself. No evidence was found that suppression by monocytes is qualitatively altered by myeloma or its treatment. PMID- 6980031 TI - Abnormal erythroid progenitor cells in human preleukemia. AB - Ten patients with preleukemia were studied by the erythroid cell clonal culture technique. In nine of these patients, erythroid colonies derived from peripheral blood BFU-E were not observed, while the other patient had markedly decreased peripheral blood BFU-E-derived erythroid colonies in vitro. In three patients, marrow cells were also cultured and no BFU-E-derived erythroid colonies were detected. These studies indicate that immature erythroid progenitor cells, BFU-E, in patients with preleukemia are either markedly decreased in number or grossly defective in their proliferative or differentiative capacities. PMID- 6980032 TI - Human T-lymphocyte products stimulate human hemopoietic progenitor cell proliferation in diffusion chambers in vivo. AB - Human myeloid colony formation in diffusion chambers in mice (CFU-DG) was enhanced following administration of a human T-cell-line-derived conditioned medium (Mo). The Mo cell line also elaborates activities stimulating human myeloid colony formation in vitro in agar (CSF) and potentiating erythroid colony formation in vitro in methylcellulose (EPA). Depletion of CSF from Mo conditioned medium by heat inactivation or gel exclusion chromatography did not affect CFU-DG formation. EPA and CFU-DG stimulating activities are heat stable and have approximately the same molecular weight. Culture of human bone marrow cells in diffusion chambers in mice for 4 days under the influence of Mo conditioned medium resulted in significant increment of BFU-E and CFU-DG as judged by subculture of diffusion chamber contents. No effect on CFU-C could be detected. PMID- 6980033 TI - Heterogeneity in a lymphoid tumor: coexpression of T and B surface markers. AB - Heterogeneity of leukemic cells was defined in a case of lymphoma. Four phenotypically distinct subpopulations of leukemic cells were identified. One subpopulation was observed to simultaneously express B- and T-cell characteristics. B-cell characteristics included monoclonal IgM (lambda) surface immunoglobulin, HLA-DR antigens, and expression of the B-cell antigen identified by the BA-1 monoclonal antibody. T-cell characteristics included E-rosette formation, expression of the pan-T-associated antigens recognized by the Leu-1 and OKT-11 monoclonal antibodies, and expression of the suppressor cytotoxic T cell-associated antigen recognized by the Leu-2 and OKT-8 monoclonal antibodies. In addition to this subpopulation, three other phenotypically distinct subpopulations were identified, two of which expressed monoclonal IgM (lambda) surface immunoglobulin. The results of this investigation indicates that three phenotypically distinct lymphoid subpopulations bearing B-cell characteristics, and probably a fourth T-cell subgroup, were derived from a common lineage. These findings suggest that the malignancy involved a lymphoid progenitor cell that may possess diverse maturational capacity. PMID- 6980035 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a growth factor for macrophage progenitor cells with high proliferative potential in mouse bone marrow. AB - A population of macrophage progenitor cells, with high proliferative potential, has recently been demonstrated in postfluorouracil-treated and normal mouse bone marrow (BM) in vitro, when the newly discovered growth factor (synergistic activity, SA) is combined with a macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) as a proliferative stimulus. SA, shown to be present in human spleen and placental conditioned media (HSCM and HPCM, respectively) have been studied and found to be unstable to trypsin digestion and to heating at 50 degrees C or above; stable between pH 4 and 9; nonadherent to Con-A-Sepharose; and to have an isoelectric point between pH 5 and 5.8 and a molecular weight of between 14,000 and 21,000 as indicated by gel filtration chromatography. SAs from both HSCM and HPCM have been purified 89- and 122-fold, respectively, by precipitation of extraneous proteins at pH 5 followed by chromatographing twice on Sephacryl S200. Neither of these partially purified SAs contain any CSF for mouse BM. These results indicate that the SAs from HSCM and HPCM may be closely related and that they are structurally different from CSFs derived from various murine sources that have been shown to be stable to proteolytic enzymes and heat. PMID- 6980034 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in normal and malignant human lymphoid cells. AB - Intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzyme patterns were studied in the malignant cells of patients with a variety of lymphoid malignancies. These were compared with intracellular LD isoenzyme patterns of normal lymphoid cells and were also correlated with immunologic cell surface marker characteristics. Results showed that, in general, the malignant B cells of Burkitt's lymphoma and the lymphoblasts of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia had isoenzyme patterns similar to those of normal B and T cells, respectively. The isoenzyme patterns of malignant lymphoid cells from patients with non-T, and non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia were more heterogeneous. These data, although based on small numbers of patients, are consistent with the hypothesis that LD isoenzymes may reflect differences in the maturational status of cells within a single diagnostic category. PMID- 6980036 TI - Cadmium-induced pulmonary injury in mouse: a relationship with serum antitrypsin activity. PMID- 6980037 TI - Sublethal responses of the tadpoles of the European frog Rana temporaria to two tributyltin compounds. PMID- 6980038 TI - Clinical application of aminoglycosides. PMID- 6980040 TI - Periodic bursting activities of locus coerulleus neurons in the rat. AB - Unit activity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in rats was investigated. After the animal recovered from anesthesia, the spontaneous activity exhibited periodic bursting discharges at about 15-30 s intervals. The oscillation was observed to last for a long time (1-3 h). It is suggested that many LC neurons exhibited the oscillation synchronously during stress in the awake animal. PMID- 6980039 TI - Bobbing oscillopsia from gentamicin toxicity. AB - A series of 15 patients had been studied, all of whom suffered severe labyrinthine damage from gentamicin. All subjects were patients in a renal unit and had been in renal failure. The antibiotic was administered, either intramuscularly, intravenously or into the dialysate. In most of the patients there was a history of previous or simultaneous administration of another ototoxic agent, either another aminoglycoside, or a loop diuretic. None of the patients developed severe vertigo. They consistently complained, when they eventually were able to get out of bed, a vertical bouncing of their surroundings, when they walked, coinciding with each step. This sensation is made worse if the patient runs, or drives on a bumpy road, and stops as soon as the patient stands still. Caloric tests revealed non-functioning labyrinths on both sides. Gradual improvement in the symptom occurred over a period of months. No cochleotoxic effect was observed. The probable mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 6980041 TI - Responses of afferent and efferent neurons to visual inputs in the vestibular nerve of the frog. AB - In the frog immobilized by intralymphatic injection of D-tubocurarine, stimulation of the visual apparatus with either electrical shocks applied to the optic chiasma or light pulses elicited, in many cases, an increase and a decrease of firing of efferent and afferent vestibular neurons, respectively, recorded from the horizontal semicircular canal nerve. Optokinetic stimulation was completely inefficient in modulating the efferent and afferent discharge. These results show that stimulation of the visual system can modify vestibular apparatus fuctioning at the most peripheral level. However, it is likely that the effects observed were due to an arousal phenomenon or/and to a motor corollary discharge. PMID- 6980042 TI - Stroke in coronary bypass surgery. AB - A retrospective review of 253 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery was performed. Eight (3.2%) had suffered a stroke either intra-operatively (4) or during the early post-operative period (4). A comparison of pre-operative and intra-operative variables between the stroke group and the stroke-free group showed a significant difference only for the hemoglobin level (p less than 0.01). All intraoperative strokes occurred in patients who had undergone femoral cannulation; it is suggested that this may have been a source of embolic material in these patients. An embolic origin for most of the strokes (both intra operative and post-operative) is postulated on the basis of clinical and pathological findings. PMID- 6980044 TI - Meningeal leukemia complicating chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6980043 TI - Comparisons: Indian and non-Indian use of psychiatric services. AB - Major differences were found between the Saskatchewan Indian and non-Indian populations in regard to the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, their rates of treatment and the mix of inpatient and outpatient services they receive. Diagnostic and treatment differences between the two populations were more pronounced in the "private" in relation to demographic, socioeconomic and cultural differences between Indian and non-Indian populations and to size and organizational differences between the "public" and "private" treatment sectors. PMID- 6980045 TI - Impaired PWM-induced polyclonal B-cell activation in patients with malignancies treated with various intermittent combination chemotherapies including doxorubicin. AB - The effect of various intermittent combination chemotherapies on the immune status of 30 patients with malignancies was examined 1-3 weeks after they received their last injection. PWM-induced polyclonal B-cell activation of lymphocytes from patients treated with combination chemotherapies that included doxorubicin was impaired despite a normal 3H-thymidine uptake by lymphocytes stimulated with PHA, PWM, and insoluble SPA. This suppressive effect was always found in patients with ALL. However, in patients with solid tumors, PWM-induced immunoglobulin production returned to normal 7-8 weeks after the last doxorubicin injection. Serum immunoglobulin levels in patients treated with doxorubicin were slightly lower than in those treated without doxorubicin. It is hypothesized that doxorubicin may change the lymphocyte surface membrane and interrupt the T- and B cell interaction that is needed for immunoglobulin production. PMID- 6980047 TI - Suppression of cell-mediated antitumor immunity by complete Freund's adjuvant. AB - The effect of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), which is one of the strong immunoadjuvants, on the induction of either cytotoxic or suppressor T-cells against syngeneic tumors was investigated by an in vitro assay system. CFA did not show the apparent augmenting activity in the induction of cytotoxic T-cells against syngeneic tumors when it was administered i.p. to mice receiving s.c. inoculations of mitomycin C-treated tumor cells. The treated animals failed to develop stronger resistance against the second inoculum of the same viable tumor cells. Furthermore, CFA had an effect on the induction of suppressor T-cells in tumor-bearing hosts in which suppressor T-cells had been readily activated. Suppressor T-cells developed in syngeneic tumor-bearing mice treated with CFA was tumor specific. Tumor growth was enhanced when CFA was administered to mice given s.c. inoculations of the homologous tumor. PMID- 6980046 TI - Methionine dependency of cell growth in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. AB - Normal and malignant hematopoietic cell lines, with the exception of MOLT-3, were unable to grow in the methionine-depleted medium which was supplemented with homocysteine. Normal lymphocytes were less stimulated by mitogens in the medium containing homocysteine. Colony-forming units in culture from normal bone marrow cells were not formed in the medium in which homocysteine was substituted for methionine. These data suggest that there are no differences in the methionine requirement for cell growth between normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. PMID- 6980048 TI - Sequential methotrexate and 5-FU in the treatment of colorectal cancer. AB - Administration of methotrexate (MTX), 5-FU, and leucovorin rescue in 29 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer produced an objective response rate of 41.7%, with two complete remissions. Two patients developed fatal toxic effects and three others had severe toxic effects. This trial, however, supports the evidence for the synergistic effect of this drug combination. PMID- 6980049 TI - Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: assessment of current status. PMID- 6980050 TI - Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination: clinical and laboratory evaluation in pulmonary infections. AB - Twenty-four patients with pulmonary infections (7 pneumoniae, 17 exacerbations of chronic bronchitis) were treated with a combination of 250 mg of amoxicillin and 125 mg of clavulanic acid supplemented by 500 mg of amoxicillin every eight hours. All patients showed good clinical, roentgenological, and bacteriological response. Bacteria were cleared from sputum by the third day of treatment in half of the patients and by the end of treatment in all but one of the others. Pathogens eradicated from sputum, with concurrent clinical cure, included gram negative bacteria producing cephalosporinases shown to be resistant to the combination drug by both disk and minimal inhibitory concentration determinations. PMID- 6980053 TI - [Stress-induced post-operative ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980051 TI - A comparison of cinoxacin and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of cystitis. AB - This paper describes a study of patients with cystitis treated with 1 gm/day of cinoxacin or four tablets/day of co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim, 80 mg, and sulfamethoxazole, 400 mg), both drugs given twice a day for 14 days. Of the 64 patients with cystitis, complete bacteriological data were available for 27 patients in the cinoxacin group and 23 patients in the co-trimoxazole group. In most instances, the infecting organism was Escherichia coli. Twenty-six (96%) patients who received cinoxacin and 22 (96%) patients who received co-trimoxazole had a satisfactory clinical response. Two patients on cinoxacin became reinfected with a new pathogen, and one had a recurrence of infection with the same pathogen; on patient on co-trimoxazole became reinfected with a new pathogen. Adverse reactions were reported by six (19%) of the 32 patients in the cinoxacin group, none of whom discontinued therapy, and by 18 (56%) of the 32 patients in the co-trimoxazole group, five of whom withdrew from the study. These differences between the groups were significant (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that cinoxacin is an effective, well-tolerated agent for use in cystitis caused by the common pathogens. PMID- 6980052 TI - Prevalence and intraoral distribution of root caries in an adult population. PMID- 6980054 TI - [Tests for T- and B-lymphocytes in patients with silicosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980055 TI - The role of T cells in the induction of B memory cells: influence of variations in experimental design. PMID- 6980056 TI - Suppression of human lymphocyte DNA and protein synthesis in vitro by adenosine and eight modified adenine nucleosides in the presence or in the absence of adenosine deaminase inhibitors, 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF) and erythro-9-(2-hydroxy 3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA). PMID- 6980059 TI - [Examination of the cervicocranial area by metrizamide by injection at C1/2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980057 TI - Ultrastructure of an influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell clone and its interaction with P815 and macrophage targets. PMID- 6980058 TI - Signal requirements for lymphocyte activation: role of a T-cell growth factor produced by guinea pig peritoneal exudate lymphocytes. PMID- 6980060 TI - Prevention of lipid accumulation in experimental vein bypass grafts by antiplatelet therapy. AB - The ameliorative effect of antiplatelet therapy on atherogenesis of vein grafts was assessed in autologous cephalic veins grafted into femoral arteries of 16 normolipemic and 11 hyperlipemic stump-tailed macaque monkeys. Before grafting, one half of each vein was distended at high pressure (700 mm Hg) and the other half at low pressure (350 mm Hg). Eight normolipemic monkeys were treated with aspirin, 80 mg/day, and dipyridamole, 50 mg/day, and eight were controls. When grafts were harvested at 12 weeks, tissue cholesterol and beta-apoprotein content in grafts from untreated monkeys were significantly higher than in ungrafted, uninjured veins. Antiplatelet therapy eliminated the increase in lipid content of vein segments distended at low pressure, and significantly lowered lipid content of segments distended at high pressure, though not to be control levels of ungrafted veins. Seven of the 11 hyperlipemic monkeys received antiplatelet drugs and four did not. The lipid content of all graft segments was significantly higher than in grafted or ungrafted veins from normolipemic monkeys. Antiplatelet therapy again significantly reduced the lipid content in vein segments distended at both levels of pressure, and also reduced the elevated cholesterol content in ungrafted veins. Although this animal preparation differs in many ways from human coronary bypass operations, these observations may be pertinent to the prevention of atherosclerosis in human vein bypass grafts. PMID- 6980062 TI - Survival of medically treated patients in the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) registry. AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact on survival of the anatomic extent of obstructive coronary artery disease and of two measures of left ventricular (LV) performance. This study is based on 20,088 patients without previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery who were enrolled in the registry of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Coronary Artery Surgery Study from 1975 to 1979. The cumulative 4-year survival of medically managed patients was analyzed to determine the survival of specific subsets of patients with obstructive coronary disease. The vital status of 99.8% of the patients was known. The 4-year survival of medically treated patients with no significant obstructive disease was 97%, in contrast to 92%, 84% and 68% in patients with one , two- and three-vessel disease, respectively. The presence of left main coronary artery disease decreased survival significantly. The 4-year survival decreased from 70% to 60% in patients with three-vessel disease when significant obstruction of the left main coronary artery was also present. Patients with significant coronary artery disease who had an ejection fraction of 50--100%, 35- 49%, and 0--34% had a 4-year survival of 92%, 83% and 58%, respectively. The systolic contraction pattern was assessed in five selected segments and given a score of 1--6, with a score of 1 for normal function, increasing to 6 if an aneurysm was present. In a patient with normal LV contraction in all five segments of the LV ventricular angiogram, the LV score would equal 5. Patients with an LV score of 5--11, 12--16 and 17--30 had 4-year survivals of 90%, 71% and 53%, respectively. Patients with good LV function (a score of 5--11) had a 4-year survival of 94%, 91% and 79% for one-, two- and three-vessel disease, respectively. Patients with poor left ventricular function (score of 17--30) had a 4-year survival rate of 67%, 61% and 42% in one-, two- and three-vessel disease, respectively. Thus, LV function is a more important predictor of survival than the number of diseased vessels. PMID- 6980063 TI - Heterogeneity of the pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1). AB - The pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in pregnant serum fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion exchange chromatography was investigated by various electrophoretic methods. From these investigations it appears that in addition to the major component SP1(beta) three other components are present, termed SP1(gamma), SP1 (alpha 2(2)) and SP1 (alpha 2(1) on the basis of their electrophoretic mobilities. The isoelectric point (pI), estimated by isoelectric focusing, and the relative molecular mass (Mr), estimated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography are for SP1(gamma): pI 2.9--4.9, Mr approximately 80000; SP1(beta): pI 2.5--4.5, Mr approximately 80000; SP1(alpha 2(2)): pI less than or equal to 6, Mr greater than or equal to 200000; SP1(alpha 2(1)): pI less than 3, Mr approximately 30000. Based on the interaction with phenyl-Sepharose and concanavalin A all four species of SP1 are amphiphilic glycoproteins. PMID- 6980061 TI - Tomographic thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigrams after maximal coronary artery vasodilation with intravenous dipyridamole. Comparison of qualitative and quantitative approaches. PMID- 6980065 TI - [A case of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency with long stature and epileptic cramps (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980066 TI - SCE in Bloom syndrome B and T lymphocytes. PMID- 6980067 TI - HLA antigens, psoriasis and acute anterior uveitis in Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing spondylitis). AB - One hundred and twenty-two consecutively hospitalized patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were reexamined. Ninety-two per cent were HLA B27 positive. Of the HLA B27 negative patients, 60% were found to have psoriasis, as opposed to 11% of the HLA B27 positive patients. Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) was found only in HLA B27 positive patients, and more frequently in males than in females. The genetic and clinical heterogeneity of AS, together with the overlapping clinical criteria for AS and psoriatic spondylitis, may make the term "Bechterew's syndrome" preferable. Based on these findings and previous reports, we conclude that (i) AAU is a manifestation of Bechterew's syndrome in HLA B27 positive patients, (ii) HLA B27 negative patients without any obvious accompanying manifestations may suffer from psoriatic spondylitis, and (iii) genetic predisposition to psoriasis in persons who are HLA B13, B17 and B37 negative, may interact with the genetic predisposition to Bechterew's syndrome in HLA B27 positive persons and produce Bechterew's syndrome with psoriasis or psoriasis like skin eruptions. PMID- 6980068 TI - Treatment of skin reticuloses. PMID- 6980064 TI - A comparative study of the effect of oestrogen substitution therapy on breast development in girls with hypo- and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. AB - During treatment of girls with oestrogen deficiency we observed different patterns of breast development in response to therapy. The forty-five girls studied fell into four groups: Group A, gonadal dysgenesis; Group B, isolated gonadotrophin deficiency; Group C, multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies; Group D, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency). Treatment with oestrogen was given in an identical manner to all. In the patients with gonadal dysgenesis, in whom the hypothalamic-pituitary function was normal, treatment led to full breast development. In isolated gonadotrophin deficiency and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency breast development was incomplete even after 3 years or more of oestrogen treatment. The conspicuous difference in the hormonal status is that the latter two groups lack gonadotrophins, while in gonadal dysgenesis these hormones are grossly elevated. Our conclusion is that gonadotrophins play an important role in mammary gland development, a finding not previously described. In the girl with 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency we observed that cortisol was necessary, in addition to sex hormones, for normal breast development. PMID- 6980069 TI - The effect of tri-iodothyronine on the phytohaemagglutinin response of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6980070 TI - Natural cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in solid tumor cancer patients: regulation by adherent cells. PMID- 6980071 TI - Immunological studies in two children of a mother with IgA deficiency and anti IgA antibodies. PMID- 6980073 TI - IgM cryoprecipitation and anti-immunoglobulin activity in dysgammaglobulinemia type I. PMID- 6980072 TI - Antibody penetration into living cells. III. Effect of antiribonucleoprotein IgG on the cell cycle of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PMID- 6980074 TI - High C1q levels, low C1s/C1q ratios, and high levels of circulating immune complexes in kala-azar. PMID- 6980075 TI - Potential pitfalls in the interpretation of erythrocyte scintigraphy for gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6980077 TI - Piroxicam, aspirin, and gastrointestinal blood loss. AB - A study to compare the effects of three piroxicam regimens and aspirin on fecal blood loss (FBL) was conducted among 39 healthy men. Fourteen of the subjects also underwent prestudy and poststudy gastroscopy. There was an increase in FBL after aspirin, 972 mg 4 times a day, whereas piroxicam, 20 mg once a day, 5 mg four times a day, and 20 mg four times a day induced no observable increase in fecal blood loss. There was gastroscopic evidence of irritation in the aspirin group, but not in any of the piroxicam groups. PMID- 6980076 TI - Dose- and time-related effect of troleandomycin on methylprednisolone elimination. AB - Effects of varying doses of troleandomycin (TAO) on methylprednisolone disposition were examined in five steroid-dependent asthmatic patients. The characteristic reduction in methylprednisolone elimination in the presence of TAO after a 40 mg IV methylprednisolone was also present after methylprednisolone doses as low as 4 mg. In patients receiving continuous TAO on an every-other-day basis, inhibition of methylprednisolone elimination was impaired to a greater extent on the "day on" TAO than on the "day off" TAO Methylprednisolone elimination on the day off TAO was still slower than that before TAO, however, TAO on a multiple-dose schedule resulted in greater reduction of methylprednisolone elimination than after a single TAO dose. These results suggest that TAO induces immediate and continued inhibition of methylprednisolone disposition. PMID- 6980078 TI - The problem of prevention in a state dental service. PMID- 6980079 TI - Herpes. PMID- 6980081 TI - Cooley RL, Lubow RM. Hepatitis B--a review of the problem for dentists. PMID- 6980082 TI - Use of dental floss. Effect on plaque and gingivitis. PMID- 6980080 TI - Genetics--a tool for the dentist. Report of a case of inherited oligodontia. PMID- 6980083 TI - Maintenance of laminate veneers. PMID- 6980084 TI - [Clinical control of the therapeutic action of a decontracting, anti-rheumatic, analgesic drug combination for topical use, in comparison with oxyphenbutazone]. PMID- 6980085 TI - [Clinical study of a drug combination in the treatment of metarheumatic and metatraumatic disorders]. PMID- 6980087 TI - T cell hybridomas. A workshop at the Basel Institute for Immunology. PMID- 6980086 TI - Lectin-dependent cytolytic and cytolymic T helper clones and hybridomas. PMID- 6980088 TI - Cytotoxic T cell hybridomas: generation and characterization. PMID- 6980089 TI - Analysis of the anti-self + TNP immune response: T cell lines, clones and hybridomas. PMID- 6980090 TI - Influenza virus-specific murine T cell hybridomas which recognize virus hemagglutinin in conjunction with H-2d and display helper functions for B cells. PMID- 6980092 TI - A "Panreactive" T cell hybridoma which produces TCGF constitutively. PMID- 6980091 TI - A "panreactive" T cell lines and T cell hybridoma: their function in helping B cells. PMID- 6980094 TI - Molecular characterization of interleukin 2 produced from tumor cell lines and T cell hybridomas. PMID- 6980093 TI - Functional analysis of Il-2 produced by T-cell hybridomas: Il-2 promotes T-cell growth but does not mediate T-cell or B-cell maturation and differentiation. PMID- 6980095 TI - Different factors active in lymphoid and hematopoietic proliferation produced by single clones of helper T cell hybridomas. PMID- 6980096 TI - Structural and functional studies on antigen-specific suppressor factors from T cells and T cell hybrids. PMID- 6980097 TI - Purification and biochemical analysis of antigen-specific suppressor factors isolated from T-cell hybridomas. PMID- 6980098 TI - Coronary sinus perforation from placement of a LeVeen shunt in a child. PMID- 6980100 TI - Chronic cerebellar stimulation in cerebral palsy. AB - This is a report of 14 patients suffering from cerebral palsy who were treated with chronic cerebellar stimulation and followed for 2 years. At the time of the last follow-up, only 6 patients continued the stimulation, 2 stimulators were removed because of infection and 5 patients stopped using them because of the lack of benefit from stimulation. Using a very close follow-up system with multiple assessors, this mode of treatment showed extremely low efficacy in relieving symptoms of cerebral palsy. PMID- 6980099 TI - Talampicillin in the treatment and prophylaxis of urinary tract infection in children. AB - 9 children presenting with an ampicillin-sensitive coliform urinary tract infection were treated with talampicillin using 1 week of full-dose treatment followed by low-dose prophylaxis. The bowel coliforms were ampicillin-resistant at the start in one girl and became resistant in the remaining 8 within 4 months. During a total of 44 months of talampicillin therapy, 6 girls (2 with vesico ureteric reflux) developed a symptomatic re-infection of the urinary tract, a recurrence rate of 1 per 7.3 months, or 1.6 recurrences per annum. A further 12 girls were given prophylactic talampicillin, 9 after an initial therapeutic course of co-trimoxazole for 1 week and 3 following a period of prophylaxis with low-dose co-trimoxazole. The rectal swab from one girl showed partial ampicillin resistance but 9 of the remaining 11 showed that a predominance of ampicillin resistance coliforms had emerged in the bowel flora within 4 months. 5 of the 12 also developed a symptomatic ampicillin-resistant urinary infection within 4 months, a recurrence rate of 1 per 7.1 months or 1.7 recurrences per annum. Talampicillin, though very effective in treating urinary infection, is not recommended for the prevention of subsequent recurrence. PMID- 6980101 TI - A proposed criteria for diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus used in Veterans General Hospital. AB - An eight-point diagnostic criteria for SLE was proposed and evaluated at the Veterans General Hospital (VGH), Taipei. It consists of 8 points and 12 items, 3 points being required for an accurate diagnosis. All of 94 cases of SLE whether they could or could not be diagnosed with the ARA criteria fulfilled 3 or more points of the VGH criteria. None of the 17 cases of rheumatoid arthritis fulfilled 3 or more points of the VGH criteria. PMID- 6980102 TI - [The role of active T lymphocytes in human immunity to tuberculosis infection in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980103 TI - [Surgical treatment of solitary ulcer of the rectum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980104 TI - [Gold chain technic for selective ventriculography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980107 TI - [Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980106 TI - [Diagnosis of lower intestinal tract bleeding with selective superior mesenteric arteriography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980108 TI - [Diagnosis and management of massive bleeding from gastric cardiac cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980105 TI - [Augmentation of bone repair by electrical stimulation: experiment and clinical observation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980109 TI - Pitfalls in the treatment of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding with "blind" subtotal colectomy. AB - In 1969, the concept of "blind" subtotal colectomy was introduced for the treatment of patients with colonic diverticulosis and massive lower gastrointestinal (LGI) bleeding. This "policy" was soon extended to include all patients with LGI bleeding from obscure bleeding sources. In a nine-year period, ten patients presented with massive LGI bleeding, had evidence of colonic diverticula on barium-enema examination, and were explored for unrelenting bleeding. In four patients, careful exploration revealed another source for bleeding and three did well after appropriate surgery. One patient died during surgery. Six patients had blind subtotal colectomy, continued to bleed postoperatively, and three of these patients died. With the advent of selective mesenteric angiography and other preoperative diagnostic techniques, all efforts should be made to identify the exact source of bleeding and proceed with the appropriate surgery rather than subject the patient to blind subtotal colectomy. PMID- 6980110 TI - Hepatotoxicity to both erythromycin estolate and erythromycin ethylsuccinate. AB - Two patients experienced hepatotoxicity associated with erythromycin estolate (Ilosone) usage, followed 13 and 15 years later by an hepatotoxic reaction with administration of erythromycin ethylsuccinate (E.E.S.). These cases provide further evidence for erythromycin ethylsuccinate-associated hepatotoxicity and demonstrate erythromycin cross-sensitivity after previous erythromycin estolate liver injury. Hepatotoxicity to both sensitivity after previous erythromycin estolate liver injury. Hepatotoxicity to both estolate and ethylsuccinate preparations of erythromycin stimulates speculation regarding the potentially hepatotoxic moiety of the erythromycin molecule. Furthermore, these cases suggest that all erythromycin preparations should be avoided or used only with careful monitoring in patients with previous erythromycin-associated liver injury. PMID- 6980111 TI - [Na+-induced Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum during excitation of phasic muscle fibers]. PMID- 6980112 TI - [Presence of internal duplication in the mRNA coding for one of the gamma crystallins in the crystalline lens of the frog Rana temporaria]. PMID- 6980113 TI - [Frequencies of HLA-A, C and Bf antigens in schizophrenic patients originated from Alsace (author's transl)]. AB - A comparison of the frequency of HLA-A, B, C and Bf antigens observed in a group of 75 chronic schizophrenics and in a control group of 184, all strictly from Alsace, does not carry any argument in favour of a strong genetic association between schizophrenia and the antigens studied. In effect, the modifications observed in the schizophrenic sample--decrease in the frequency of A10 and B5 antigens, and increase of A29 and BfF--are not statistically significant when the probabilities are multiplied by the number of tested antigens. These preliminary results however do not permit to exclude the possibility of an association between schizophrenia and the tested antigens. PMID- 6980115 TI - The use of a Doppler ultrasound probe for localising arterial blood flow during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 6980116 TI - Uniformity of glycans within molecular variants of alpha-protease inhibitor with distinct affinity for concanavalin A. AB - Human alpha 1-protease inhibitor contains four asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains per molecule. Three types of carbohydrate chains were released from the polypeptide backbone by hydrazinolysis: (a) biantennary (80%), (b) biantennary with an intercalated N-acetylglucosamine residue (14%), and (c) triantennary (6%). Using concanavalin-A-affinity chromatography, native and S carboxymethylated alpha 1--protease inhibitor were fractionated into three distinct molecular variants which were shown to contain only one type (a, b, or c, respectively) of glycan per molecule. This and previous observations on other serum glycoproteins support the proposal of uniformity of glycan type within individual molecular variants of glycoproteins. PMID- 6980114 TI - Injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. AB - Forty-one patients with hepatic cirrhosis of alcoholic etiology and esophageal varices were subjected to endoscopic sclerotherapy. Four patients were treated during the intervals between hemorrhages; thirty after their first hemorrhage and 7 prophylactically. Propranolol was administered to 5 patients, in doses of 60-80 mg daily. The survival rate for a period of 5 to 16 months was 83%. No complications attributable to the procedure were observed. PMID- 6980117 TI - Formyltetrahydrofolate synthase from Clostridium thermoaceticum. An electron microscopic study and specific interaction of the enzyme with ATP and ADP. AB - Formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.3) from Clostridium thermoaceticum is a 240 000-molecular-weight, tetrameric enzyme composed of identical subunits. When negatively stained with uranyl acetate or sodium phosphotungstate the enzyme appears as two distinct projections when viewed in the electron microscope. One of these, resembling the letter "H", exhibits four flexible arms, while the other, called a "twin", has a compact projection. The twin projection appears to represent the native enzyme in solution. It consists of two outstanding intensity maxima separated by a narrow bridge of dense stain, with each of these intensity maxima being divided into the two submaxima by a second bridge of stain running perpendicular to the first one. The outstanding intensity maxima represent dimers, whereas the submaxima represent a single subunit. The volume calculated from the electron microscopy projections for the dimer is 157 nm3, which corresponds to a Mr of 127 000 or 254 000 for the tetrameric enzyme. The H projections reflect enzyme particles artificially flattened and "opened" during the drying of the negatively stained enzyme. The four arms of the H each represent a subunit. The appearance of H projections is prevented by either using a deep-stain procedure, which offers a mechanical preservation of the native enzyme structure, or by the binding of ATP, ADP or adenosine 5'-[beta, gamma methylene]triphosphate. These nucleotides, when binding to the enzyme, cause a conformational change. This was observed by ultraviolet and visible circular dichroism and absorption spectrometry with the native enzyme and an enzyme labeled with fluorescein mercuric acetate attached to a sulfhydryl group of each subunit. PMID- 6980118 TI - Demonstration of muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-induced T suppressor cells responsible for MDP immunosuppressive activity. AB - Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a synthetic immunostimulant, has been previously shown to increase or decrease the humoral and cellular immune responses, depending upon the experimental conditions used. In the present study we have investigated the mechanisms of MDP-induced immunosuppression. After repeated injections of high dosages of MDP in vivo, both adherent and B cell-enriched cell populations from MDP-treated mice were able to collaborate with normal complementary populations. In contrast, T cell-enriched populations exhibited suppressive activity which could be removed by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antiserum and complement. These results clearly indicate that MDP-induced immunosuppression is mediated by T cells. PMID- 6980119 TI - The biochemical genetics of TL antigens on mouse thymocytes. AB - Molecules bearing thymus leukemia (TL) alloantigen were isolated by immunoprecipitation from detergent-solubilized thymocyte lysates. Antisera used included monoclonal antibodies (anti-TL.m1, anti-TL.m2, anti-TL.m3), monospecific anti-TL.5 alloantisera and multispecific anti-TL.1,2,3,5 antiserum. Apparently, each of these reagents immunoprecipitates the same single 45,000 molecular weight Tla gene product as shown by identity on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isoelectric focusing and by sequential precipitation studies. Allelic TL molecules, coded by the Tlaa and Tlad genes, were shown to be distinguishable by SDS-PAGE, and tryptic peptide mapping experiments. Both allelic TL molecules could be isolated from thymocytes of (Tlaa x Tlad)F1 mice. These results suggest that, at least for the Tlaa-Tlad allelic differences, the polymorphism and antigenicity of TL is determined by variation in amino acid composition. PMID- 6980121 TI - Behavior of soluble human 125I-labeled C3b, the third component of complement, after binding to human cells. AB - The behavior of 125I-labeled C3b incubated with two C3b receptor-positive cells (human erythrocytes and the B lymphoblastoid Raji line), one C3b receptor negative cell (T lymphoblastoid CEM line) and solubilized membranes from each cell was analyzed by sucrose density gradient (SDG) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Whichever whole cell was tested, the unbound 125I-labeled C3b recovered in the cell supernatant was not cleaved. When 125I labeled C3b was bound to whole cells or incubated with solubilized membranes, three different activities were detected: (a) nonspecific C3b polymerization, induced on the membrane of C3b receptor-positive or C3b receptor-negative cells; (b) specific C3b receptor activity solubilized only from the membrane of the two C3b receptor-positive cells and (c) C3b hydrolytic activity, inhibited by 5 X 10( 4)M phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride, only extracted from human erythrocyte membranes and carried by a molecule different from that of C3b receptor. C3b receptor activity solubilized from Raji and human erythrocyte membranes was detected by a 12S peak complex formation on a 10-30% SDG and characterized by an affinity constant of 2 X 10(7) to 4 X 10(7) mol-1. Hydrolysis of labeled C3b (Mr = 175000) by solubilized human erythrocyte membranes led to the formation of a split product of Mr = 35000 consisting of two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains of Mr = 17000. This is the first report of a breakdown of C3b on cell membranes different from the physiological breakdown described in the fluid phase. PMID- 6980122 TI - Expression of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nonlymphoid hemopoietic cell lines. AB - Expression of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-SDH), a putative T cell marker, has been examined in a number of nonlymphoid hemopoietic cell lines. Both promyelocytic and stromal bone marrow lines expressed significant 20 alpha SDH activity which was not correlated with virus infection or growth rate. 20 alpha-SDH therefore is not a unique marker for T cells in hemopoietic tissues. This result is discussed in relationship to the action of the newly proposed interleukin 3. PMID- 6980120 TI - The nylon wool adherence marker of the B cell lineage appears at the resting pre B cell stage. AB - The proliferative state of functionally defined populations of size-separated pre B cells was investigated. The results presented here support the hypothesis that pre-B cells are in the G2 phase when stable membrane IgM is first expressed. Small resting precursor cells significantly adhere to nylon wool columns, unlike larger cycling cells which can be enriched in the nonadherent fraction. These results suggest that the nylon wool "receptor' is a useful early B cell marker. Since the in vitro recruitment of both cycling and resting precursors was shown to be essentially dependent on agar mitogen(s), cumulative data suggest that the receptors for agar mitogen(s) appear shortly before surface IgM on proliferating pre-B cells. Nylon wool adherence potential develops next on their resting progeny, followed by full lipopolysaccharide reactivity as cells further mature. PMID- 6980123 TI - T-T cell interactions during cytotoxic T cell responses. IV. Murine lymphoid dendritic cells are powerful stimulators for helper T lymphocytes. AB - Enriched populations of Ia+ Fc receptor-negative dendritic cells were compared to other cell types for their stimulatory activity in primary mixed lymphocyte reactions to alloantigens and 2,4,6,-trinitrophenylated syngeneic cells. Dendritic cells were 20-100 times more effective than unfractionated splenocytes. A second cell type exhibiting strong stimulatory activity was an Ia+ Fc receptor positive transiently adherent cell. Both types of stimulatory cells were only effective when able to produce the monokine interleukin 1. Thus glutaraldehyde fixed cells were not stimulatory unless extraneous interleukin 1 was added. Stimulation of helper cells by either dendritic cells or Ia+ Fc receptor-positive cells resulted in the production of interleukin 2. The data are discussed in view of the recently formulated interleukin model as a minimal scheme to explain T-T cell interactions during the in vitro induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6980124 TI - Patterns of isotype expression by B cell clones responding to thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens in vitro. AB - It was found that the Type 2 thymus-independent (TI-2) antigens bacterial levan, trinitrophenyl-Ficoll, and pneumococcal carbohydrate vaccine (PnC) stimulate clonal expansion and antibody secretion in splenic fragments from either hemocyaninprimed or unprimed irradiated recipients bearing B cells from unprimed donors. The in vitro stimulation with TI-2 antigens leads to the expression of isotype switching and provides a more balanced variety of isotypes than is usually observed in vivo. Still, some characteristic patterns of isotypes expressed in vivo to either TI-2 or thymus-dependent (TD) antigens are preserved in vitro. Frequencies of phosphocholine (PC)-reactive B cells responding to either PnC or to PC-hemocyanin (PC-Hy) suggest an appreciable overlap in populations responding to these TI and TD forms of antigen. The existence of a population responsive to either form of PC determinant is supported by the observation that many clones arising in the presence of both forms of antigen express patterns of isotypes that appear as summations of those distinct patterns shown by clones responding to only one form or the other. These data suggest that PC-Hy- and PnC-responding cells may derive from a linear rather than a branched pathway of B cell development and that expression of isotype switching over the lifetime of a developing B cell clone may be regulated in a manner dependent on the form of the stimulating antigen. PMID- 6980127 TI - Syngeneic sensitization of mouse lymphocytes on monolayers of thyroid epithelial cells. II. T and B cell involvement in primary responses. AB - Using a previously developed in vitro model of sensitization of lymphoid cells against monolayers of syngeneic thyroid epithelial cells, the T or B nature of the population involved in the primary response has been investigated. For this purpose normal good responder CBA strain mice were used. T cell participation was clearly demonstrated in two ways: first, by the loss of primary sensitization after T cell depletion accomplished using several different techniques (including in vivo and in vitro anti-Thy-1.2 treatment, hydrocortisone and cyclophosphamide injections) and second, by the high response (measured by tritiated thymidine uptake) of T cell-enriched suspensions obtained either by nylon wool filtration or Ig-anti-Ig columns. PMID- 6980126 TI - Constitutive interleukin 2 production by the JURKAT human leukemic T cell line. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL2) is a lymphokine produced from phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and characterized biologically by its ability to maintain the in vitro proliferation of activated T cells. In a search for a convenient alternative source of biologically active human IL2, cells from the five established T cell lines, MOLT4, HSB2, CCRF-CEM, RPMI1301 and JURKAT were cultured at high concentrations for 18-36 h (induction cultures), and their cell-free supernatants thereafter screened on IL2-dependent cultured human and mouse T cells. MOLT4, HSB2, RPMI1301, and CCRF-CEM all failed to produce detectable levels of IL2. Of the three JURKAT cell lines obtained from different sources, one, designated JMN, produced high levels of IL2 activity. A second, JM, failed to produce any IL2, while the third, JHAN, produced intermediate levels. Stimulation of the IL2-producing JMN or JHAN variants with PHA, the phorbol diester 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), or both PHA and TPA together, resulted in an apparent increase of IL2 activity in the culture supernatant when assayed by a short-term tritiated thymidine incorporation test. However, both PHA and TPA added directly to the test cells caused substantial thymidine incorporation. Moreover, the nonproducer line JURKAT-JM could not be converted to an IL2 producer by stimulation with PHA, TPA, or both. When JMN supernatants were used to support actual long-term growth and cloning of T cells in limiting dilution, the constitutively produced IL2 was superior to that produced after PHA and/or TPA stimulation. Addition of TPA, but not of PHA, to lectin and TPA-free JMN IL2 resulted in a decreased ability of such supernatants to support clonal T cell growth, suggesting that TPA had a growth-inhibiting effect. These results show that the continuously growing JURKAT-JMN cell line could provide a suitable source of mitogen-free human IL2. PMID- 6980125 TI - Description of a Qa-2 like alloantigen (Qa-m2). AB - Several new aspects of the chemistry, genetics and cellular distribution of the murine Qa-2 alloantigen were apparent in an analysis of this antigen using monoclonal antibodies recognizing a Qa-2-like antigen called Qa-m2. Immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis identified the Qa-m2 alloantigen as a two-chain structure composed of a 39 000 dalton heavy chain and a 12 000 light chain which is probably beta 2 microglobulin; the heavy chain was readily distinguished from that of H-2. In addition, the expression of Qa-m2 alloantigens on the cell surface was found to be controlled by the H-2D gen with H-2Db strains carrying approximately 8-10 times greater amounts of Qa-m2 than strains carrying the H-2Dd or H-2Dq alleles. Finally, the Qa-m2 antigen, found predominantly on peripheral T cells, was present on only 10% of thymus cells. However, subpopulations of B cells (approximately 25% of all B cells) and bone marrow cells (15-20%) were also reactive. The monoclonal anti-Qa-m2 antibodies differed in their reactions from that reported for the conventional anti-Qa-2 sera, which must, therefore, be complex. The monoclonal antibodies may be useful reagents for functional analysis of T and B cell subpopulations. PMID- 6980129 TI - The induction of B cells refractory to antibody-specific immunoregulation. AB - Subsequent to primary immunization with a hapten-carrier conjugate, and concomitant with an initial antibody response to that antigen, a regulatory mechanism is induced that specifically limits the stimulation of hapten-specific primary B cell responses through the recognition of B cell antibody. Nonimmune B cells are sensitive to this regulation, while secondary B cells are refractory to its suppressive effects. Experiments were conducted to determine the conditions under which refractory B cell populations are generated. B cells from BALB/c and athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice were examined following immunization with the T dependent antigen dinitrophenylated (DNP) hemocyanin and the T-independent antigen DNP-Ficoll to assess the T cell dependence of the generation of refractory B cells. Evidence is presented that this process is not dependent on the presence or participation of T cells during in vivo immunization, since both T-dependent and T-independent antigens have the potential to induce a refractory B cell population. However, under certain circumstances, T cells can regulate the induction of refractory B cells during in vivo immunization. In addition, it was determined that the immunoregulatory phenomenon can be induced following immunization with both T-dependent and T-independent antigens. PMID- 6980130 TI - Autoimmune effector cells. II. Transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with a subset of T lymphocytes. AB - This study was conducted to further characterize the effector cells of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) which are activated in vitro when spleen cells from Lewis rats previously immunized with myelin basic protein and adjuvant are cultured with antigen prior to transfer to syngeneic recipients. The effector cells were isolated on discontinuous Percoll gradients in the cell fraction that floated on Percoll with a buoyant density of 1.067 kg/l. These cells (designated fraction 1) transferred EAE and incorporated [3H]dThd in culture. Fraction 1 was enriched for T cells when evaluated with monoclonal anti rat T cell serum W3/13 and deficient in Ig+ cells; approximately 33% were positive with monoclonal anti-rat T cell serum W3/25. In contrast, the small, nonproliferating cells found in higher density Percoll fractions did not transfer EAE. When fraction 1 was recultured in the presence of basic protein and interleukin 2 for 72 h, these cells retained the ability to transfer EAE. Moreover, these recultured cells exhibited an increase in the W3/25 antigen and a decrease in the W3/13 marker. It was concluded that a subset of T cells which bear the W3/25 marker is involved in the transfer of EAE. PMID- 6980128 TI - Syngeneic sensitization of mouse lymphocytes on monolayers of thyroid epithelial cells. III. Induction of thyroiditis by thyroid-sensitized T lymphoblasts. AB - During in vitro sensitization of CBA spleen lymphocytes on syngeneic monolayers of either thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) or fibroblasts, stimulation occurs, as assessed by thymidine incorporation and lymphoblast generation. When lymphoblasts generated on syngeneic TEC are injected either into thyroid lobes of intact CBA recipients or i.v., thyroiditis appears at least 21 days after injection. Thyroiditis is assessed by both optical and electron microscopic blind studies and by the presence of antibodies in the sera directed against mouse thyroglobulin. In contrast, control animals which received identical numbers of lymphoblasts generated on syngeneic fibroblasts behaved as normal. Thyroiditis was also induced using pure thyroid-sensitized T lymphoblasts. This is the first report showing the role of T lymphocytes in the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 6980131 TI - Effect of the desensitization-potentiating agent SKF-525a on frog end-plate currents. PMID- 6980132 TI - Influence of weaning-initiated dietary restriction on responses to T cell mitogens and on splenic T cell levels in a long-lived F1-hybrid mouse strain. PMID- 6980133 TI - Granulopoietic inhibitors excreted in the urine of a patient with uterine cancer and marked leukocytosis. AB - An inhibitor of colony stimulating factor (CSF) was found in normal human urine and in the urine of a patient with uterine cancer and leukocytosis. The amount of inhibitor excreted in the patient's urine was inversely related to the amount of CSF excreted. Since the patient's urine contained the inhibitor in large amounts, it was used for further characterization of the inhibitor. The inhibitor was separated from CSF by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and precipitated by ammonium sulfate and 30-80% saturation. The result of centrifugation of the inhibitor in a NaBr solution of d = 1.21 and extraction of its solution by chloroform suggested that it is not a lipoprotein. Furthermore, it was inactivated by heating at 60 degree C. Isoelectrofocusing resolved in into two peaks of pI 6.7-8.4 (pI-7 inhibitor) and pI 4.7-5.4 (pI-5 inhibitor), both of which showed an apparent molecular weight of 80,000-90,000 upon Sephadex G-100 chromatography. Dose-response relation for CSF in the presence of the inhibitor(s) showed that the action of the inhibitor(s) was not due to specific inactivation of CSF. Both pI-05 and pI-7 inhibitor fractions showed mitogenic activity to mouse spleen cells in culture, and only slightly inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake in the PHA or LPS stimulated spleen lymphocytes. The result suggests that the granulopoietic inhibitor(s) obtained above is not a non specifically cytotoxic substance(s). PMID- 6980134 TI - Granulopoiesis and colony stimulating factor production in regenerating liver. AB - Partial hepatectomy (hepx) of the adult animal induces a substantial hepatic erythropoietin (Ep) response following hypoxia and results in a transient reinitiation of hepatic erythropoiesis. This phenomenon is associated with an elevation in the number and activity of the hepatic macrophages or Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells have been implicated in the production not only of Ep, but of the moiety which regulates granulocyte growth in vitro, Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF). Histological examination of the regenerating liver revealed some foci of granulopoiesis, but not to the extent noted for erythropoiesis. Granulopoiesis was not associated with islet conformations involving central reticular or macrophagic cells. In addition, serum derived from the hepatic venous drainage of hepx animals possessed moderate levels of CSF, as determined by its ability to promote the growth of granulocytic-macrophagic colonies in agar culture. PMID- 6980135 TI - HLA antigens expressed on human pluripotent hemopoietic precursors in vitro (CFUMIX). AB - The human major histocompatibility antigen HLA, plays an important role in transplantation. To ascertain the expression of the antigens of HLA-A and -B loci on the surface of human pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors (CFUMIX), the cytotoxic effect of specific anti-HLA sera was examined. Anti-HLA sera and complement formed fewer colonies from CFUMIX in a culture medium than the controls which were treated with autologous serum. In our experiments, the HLA antisera killed also T cells that carry the surface antigen. Then the influences of T cells on mixed colony formation were examined. No reduction of colony formation was observed from the cell suspension in which T cells were depleted by treatment of monoclonal antibody OKT3. These results indicated that CFUMIX expressed HLA antigens on their surface. PMID- 6980136 TI - Horizontal eye position-related activity in neck muscles of the alert cat. PMID- 6980137 TI - Visual-vestibular interaction: effect of prolonged stimulation on the vestibulo oculomotor reflex responses. PMID- 6980138 TI - Technique assessment of demyelination from endoneurial injection. PMID- 6980139 TI - Toxoplasma gondii: lymphocyte function during acute infection in mice. PMID- 6980141 TI - Fine structures of the basophil infiltration in regional lymph nodes of the guinea-pig after the intradermal injection of T cell mitogens. AB - Basophil-rich infiltrates in regional lymph nodes of guinea-pigs were demonstrated by electron microscopy after the intradermal injection of T cell mitogens (PHA and Con A). Basophils infiltrated the stroma of the lymph node via the postcapillary venules (PCV) and migrated to the paracortex. Prior to infiltration of the lymph nodes a cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity reaction was seen in the mitogen-injected skin. B cell mitogen (LPS) injection did not induce this response. PMID- 6980140 TI - Caenorhabditis elegans: effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan and dopamine on behavior and development. PMID- 6980142 TI - Direct contacts between nerve endings and lymphoid cells in the jugular body of Rana pipiens. AB - The ultrastructure of contacts between nerve terminals and lymphoid cells in a lymphoid myeloid organ, the jugular body, of Rana pipiens, has been analyzed. The results are discussed emphasizing their importance for functional relationships between the neuroendocrine and lymphoid systems. PMID- 6980143 TI - [Effect of thymarin on hemostasis and immunogenesis in humans]. PMID- 6980144 TI - [Morphofunctional changes in activated neurons at different depths of anesthesia in animals]. PMID- 6980146 TI - Rainbow trout lymphoid organs: cellular effects of corticosteroids and anti thymocyte serum. AB - Cellular populations were studied in lymphoid organs of rainbow trout. Kidney appeared to be the most important organ by the number of cells harvested. A high percentage of peroxidase positive cells was measured in kidney, spleen and blood. The use of cortisone and rabbit anti-thymocyte serum showed differences in ratio of sensitive cells from different organs. In fish treated with steroids, cell depletion was verified in each organ but histologic lesions were observed only in thymus. Rabbit anti-thymocyte serum was cytotoxic for the quasi-totality of thymocytes while it destroyed only a part of kidney, spleen and blood cells. No correlations could be made between steroid sensitive cells and anti-thymocyte serum sensitive cells. PMID- 6980145 TI - [Plasma vitamin D metabolites in parathyroid diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The basal values of plasma vitamin D metabolites were evaluated in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degree HPT, n = 31), hypoparathyroidism (HP, n = 7), pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP, n = 4) and normal controls (n = 21). Plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) in 1 degree HPT (9.0 +/0 7.3 ng/ml, mean SD) was significantly lower than that of normal controls (17.9 +/- 5.5ng/ml)(p less than 0.001), and in particular 1 degree HPT classified as the skeletal type showed extremely low value (4.7 +/- 4.6 ng/ml). Plasma 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1, 25 (OH)2D] was significantly higher in 1 degree HPT (69.1 +/- 31.4pg/ml)(p less than 0.001) and significantly lower in Hp (15.2 +/- 11.0 pg/ml) (p less than 0.001) compared to normal controls (37.2 +/- 13.8pg/ml), although there was no significant difference in PHP (22.3 +/- 17.5 pg/ml). Plasma 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D [24,, 25-(OH)2D] in 1 degree HPT (1.06 +/- 0.55 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that of normal controls (1.73 +/- 0.62 ng/ml) (p less than 0.05), and particularly 1 degree HPT classified as the skeletal type showed a marked low value (0.85 +/- 0.27 ng/ml), whereas no significant differences were seen in HP (1.84 +/- 0.46 ng/ml) or PHP (1.34 +/- 0.22 ng/ml). There were slight but significant correlations between either plasma 25-OH-D and 1, 25-(OH)2D (r = 0.350, p less than 0.05), or plasma 25-OH-D and 24, 25-(OH)2D (r = 0.356, p less than 0.05), or plasma 1, 25-(OH)2D and 24, 25-(OH)2D (r = -0.444, p less than 0.01) in all subjects. In addition, relationships between plasma vitamin D metabolites and other indicators of parathyroid function in all subjects were analyzed. There were positive correlations between plasma 1, 25-(OH)2D and serum Ca (r = -0.621, p less than 0.001) or urinary cAMP (r = -0.671, p less than 0.001) or nephrogenous cAMP (r = -0.689, p less than 0.001), while negative correlations were seen between plasma 1, 25-(OH)2D and serum P (r = -0.680, p less than 0.001) or %TRP (r = -0.663, p less than 0.001). On the other hand, there were negative correlations between plasma 24, 25-(OH)2D and serum Ca (r = 0.457, p less than 0.01) or urinary cAMP (r = -0.562, p less than 0.005) or nephrogenous cAMp (r = -0.561, p less than 0.005), and a positive correlation was seen between plasma 24, 25-(OH)2D and %TRP (r = 0.519, p less than 0.005). After parathyroidectomy, a distinct depression of plasma 1, 25-(OH)2D and reciprocal elevation of plasma 24, 25-(OH)2D were observed in 1 degree HPT. Furthermore, there was a clear elevation of plasma 24, 25-(OH)2D as well as plasma 1, 25 (OH)2D after treatment with maintenance doses of 1 alpha-OH-D3 or 1 alpha, 25 (OH)2D3 in HP and PHP. It is concluded that plasma vitamin D metabolites are very useful as the indicators of parathyroid function. PMID- 6980147 TI - Light- and electron microscopical observations on the caecilian spleen. A contribution to the evolution of lymphatic organs. AB - Red and white pulp were distinguished in the spleen of the caecilian species Ichthyophis paucisulcus and Afrocaecilia taitana. The red pulp was composed of endothelium-lined sinusoids and reticular connective tissue. Between the processes of the reticulum cells, accompanied by fine collagen fibrils, the following cell types were found: lymphocytes, macrophages (frequency containing fragments of erythrocytes), neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells and/or basophils (metachromatic granules), thrombocytes, plasma cells, pigment cells as well as cells which presumably represent blast cells. Morphological evidence suggested the formation of thrombocytes in the red pulp. Besides sinusoids, ellipsoids and peculiar arteriolar vessels with a high endothelium and a loose layer of muscle cells were observed. Veins were concentrated in the splenic periphery. White pulp consisted of arterioles which were surrounded by a lymphocyte sheath. Follicles were not identified with certainty. Occasionally mitotic figures were associated with lymphocytes. On the basis of our findings, we suggest the following functions of the caecilian spleen: destruction of aged erythrocytes, formation of thrombo- and lymphocytes as well as of plasma cells and, to a marked lesser degree, of other blood cells. PMID- 6980148 TI - Effects of early larval thymectomy on mitogen responses in leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles. AB - Two to 3-month old tadpoles (Rana pipiens), thymectomized 2-3 weeks postfertilization, exhibited: sharply reduced numbers of splenic and blood lymphocytes; no in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA; and normal in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to LPS. These results reveal lymphocyte heterogeneity in this anuran species. PMID- 6980149 TI - Ontogeny and distribution of cells in B lineage in the American leopard frog, Rana pipiens. AB - Two-color immunofluorescence techniques were used in order to trace the development and distribution of cells expressing immunoglobulin in Rana pipiens. Evidence is provided which suggests that (i) embryo-larval urogenital tissues are sites of generation of cells in B lineage, (ii) during ontogeny, there is a sequential expression of immunoglobulin isotypes on B cell surfaces, (iii) larvae are able to produce the full range of immunoglobulin clases found in adults, and (iv) at least two subpopulations of lymphocytes exist in Rana pipiens, sIg+ and sIg-; thymocytes and presumably peripheral T cells lack conventional surface immunoglobulin. Some ontogenetic and phylogenetic implications are discussed. PMID- 6980151 TI - The influence of long term beta-mimetic drug administration during pregnancy on blood loss postpartum. AB - Early blood loss after-delivery was measured in all prematurely ending singleton pregnancies (amenorrhea 29-38 wk) during which the patients had been treated with beta-mimetics (ritodrine or fenoterol) for the prevention of premature labor, during a 4 yr study period (1975--1978) (n = 129). For comparison, postpartum blood loss was measured in the same way in all other (not treated) patients who delivered with the same gestational ages during the first 2 yr of the investigation (n = 176). Only vaginal deliveries were included and some patient categories were excluded. Placental weight and episiotomy status were found to effect the amount of early postpartum blood loss at a significant level. Blood loss after delivery was found not to be increased by chronic beta-mimetic treatment, even when this treatment ended less than 24 h before delivery. Moreover, when the treatment--delivery interval exceeded 24 h, the average amount of blood loss by treated patients was less than that of the untreated patients in some comparison categories. No difference in the amount of blood loss was found according to the specific drug that had been used. PMID- 6980152 TI - Long-term prognosis after H. influenzae meningitis: prospective evaluation. AB - A prospective, long-term evaluation was made of 22 children who had recovered from H. influenzae type B meningitis. At the time of the illness they had been either between two months and two years of age (Group A) or over four years of age (Group B), the purpose being to compare outcome in infants with that in older children. Two children, one in each group, had neurological or auditory sequelae. None of the others had neurological or auditory deficit, nor was there evidence of growth retardation. Fifteen of the children were tested psychometrically, using siblings as controls. Five had IQs between 70 and 90, but in all but one case their siblings had similar IQs. Five of seven children in Group B performed poorly on two items in the psychometric test, but so did their siblings. This study suggests that care is needed in selecting a control group with which to compare children being tested for psychomotor retardation after meningitis. PMID- 6980150 TI - [Therapeutic use of vitamin D, its derivatives and their analogs]. PMID- 6980153 TI - Development of head control and vestibular responses in infants treated with aminoglycosides. PMID- 6980154 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin in pancreatitis. AB - A possible relationship between alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and pancreatitis was studied. Pi phenotype distribution in a group of 90 patients with proven pancreatitis was compared to a control group of 549 randomly selected blood donors. No significant differences were found between the patient group and the controls, nor between acute and chronic forms of pancreatitis. It is concluded that alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype does not play an important role in pancreatic disease. PMID- 6980155 TI - The insulin receptor on the human lymphocyte: insulin-induced down-regulation of 126,000 and 90,000 glycosylated subunits. AB - Cultured human lymphoblastoid B lymphocytes were surface-labelled with iodine125 and solubilized in 1% Triton X-100 in the presence of protease inhibitors. After purification of labelled glycoproteins by elution from immobilized wheat germ lectin with 0.3 mol/l N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, insulin receptors were quantitatively immunoprecipitated using IgG receptor auto-antibodies. The overall recovery of labelled glycoprotein was 0.02-0.04%; analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography under reducing conditions revealed two major bands with molecular weights of 126,000 and 90,000, and a minor band of 67,000 daltons. The mobilities of both major receptor subunits were increased after treatment with neuraminidase. When lymphocyte receptor binding was 'down-regulated' before surface labelling, there was a concomitant decrease in the recovery of both the 126,000 and 90,000 subunits. These data indicate that 'down-regulation' of binding probably involves degradation of the receptor molecule. PMID- 6980157 TI - [Can there be endoscopic treatment of upper digestive hemorrhages unrelated to portal hypertension?]. PMID- 6980156 TI - Seasonal variation in fasting plasma glucose levels in man. AB - A Southern California community study of 4,541 men and women (aged 20-79 years) showed significant seasonal variation in fasting plasma glucose. There was a mean 0.6 mmol/l difference between highest levels in winter and lowest levels in spring. This difference was consistent over a two-year period, similar at all ages and seen in both men and women. Fasting plasma glucose levels correlated directly with percentage possible sunshine (p = 0.03) and inversely with temperature (p = 0.04). Adjustment for the level of measured obesity did not alter the observed association, but a history of recent weight gain corresponded to the season of maximum fasting plasma glucose level. PMID- 6980158 TI - [Diagnostic and economical evaluation of upper digestive endoscopy as the initial investigation of lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A prospective study in 184 unselected not bleeding patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980160 TI - [Idiopathic portal hypertension. Diagnostic value of portal vein catheterization (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980159 TI - [Portal hypertension, size of esophageal varices, risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, extra-hepatic uptake of 99m technetium phytate in cirrhotic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980162 TI - Aspirin, ulcer, and intestinal bleeding: what do the data show? PMID- 6980161 TI - Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in the County of Copenhagen, 1962 to 1978. AB - The incidence of ulcerative colitis and of Crohn's disease in the County of Copenhagen was estimated during the years 1962 to 1978. A total of 909 patients were diagnosed in this area with approximately 500,000 inhabitants. The mean incidence of ulcerative colitis was 8.1 per 10(5) inhabitants. This incidence was constant during the period for women but rose significantly around 1970 for men. The rise in male incidence is due to a rise in the incidence late in life. The prevalence of ulcerative colitis as of December 31, 1978 was 117 per 10(5) inhabitants. The incidence of Crohn's disease was increasing during the period for both sexes with a mean value for the period 1970 to 1978 to 2.7 per 10(5) inhabitants. The prevalence of Crohn's disease as of December 31, 1978 was 34 per 10(5) inhabitants. PMID- 6980163 TI - Redox regulation of autorhythmic heart contractions and the effect of acetylcholine failed to manifest itself by decreasing [Ca2+]0. AB - Earlier it was described by us, that the amplitude and frequency of cyclic autorhythmic contraction of frog heart was decreased by oxidants but increased by reductants. Increasing the redox state potential, acetylcholine effects a positive and not a negative inotropic action. Decreasing the redox state potential, the negative inotropic effect is increased. In search of the site of action of these regulatory influences, the role of [Ca2+]0 was investigated recently and it was established, that: 1. Reducing the [Ca2+]0 by 50% and oxidation diminished the amplitude and frequency of cyclic autorhythmic contraction more expressively, than in normal saline. 2. The increase in cyclic rhythmicity caused by reductant failed to manifest itself in Ca2+ deficient Ringer. 3. The reversing action of oxidation on ACh effects was practically abolished following a decline in [Ca2+]0. 4. The effect of reductant to intensify the negative inotropic actions of acetylcholine suffered an inversion. Because both the redox regulation of quantitative and/or qualitative parameters of cyclic autorhythmic contractions and the ACh effect altered significantly and in a non additive manner, following a decrement in [Ca2+]0, it seems to be clear, that as a site of action of redox regulation in normal saline, a change in the involvement of extracellular Ca2+ (presumably by altering its influx or absorbtive parameters) has to be taken into consideration. PMID- 6980164 TI - In vitro studies on the regulation of prolactin secretion in the bullfrog pituitary gland. PMID- 6980165 TI - Direct radioimmunoassay for plasma corticosterone and aldosterone in frog. I. Validation of the methods and evidence for daily rhythms in a natural environment. PMID- 6980166 TI - Bronchopneumonia as a cause of death in the elderly. PMID- 6980167 TI - [Salzmann's corneal dystrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980168 TI - Whole pelvic irradiation in stage I endometrial carcinoma: changes in numbers and reactivities of some blood lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6980169 TI - Immunological observations on the relationship of SP 1 alpha to SP 1 beta. AB - SP 1 alpha and SP 1 beta in pregnancy sera were separated by gel chromatography. When these proteins were subjected to crossed immunoelectrophoresis with an antiserum to non-pregnant human serum in the first dimension gel, SP 1 alpha was absorbed but SP 1 beta was unaffected. Similarly incubation with such an antiserum caused the precipitation of SP 1 alpha but not SP 1 beta. When SP 1 antiserum was absorbed with either SP 1 alpha or SP 1 beta it resulted in the removal of all antibodies to either SP 1 alpha or SP 1 beta. PMID- 6980171 TI - [Arthrosis. Degenerative diseases of supporting and locomotor apparatus]. AB - Degenerative joint disease is an extremely common, noninflammatory, progressive disorder of movable joints and is characterized pathologically by deterioration of articular cartilage and by formation of new bone in the subchondral areas and at the margins of the joint. The main objectives of therapy considering the pathogenesis are relief of pain, restoration of joint function and progression of the disease. PMID- 6980172 TI - The value of endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. PMID- 6980170 TI - [Sick sinus syndrome. Clinical and electrophysiological studies]. PMID- 6980173 TI - The perfused human liver wedge biopsy: a new in vitro model for morphological and functional studies. AB - We developed a simple and inexpensive method of perfusing small specimens of human liver in vitro that maintains short-term tissue viability as judged by protein transport function and morphological features. The technique allows investigation of liver function at the cellular level in normal specimens and those with hepatobiliary disease. Electron microscopy of specimens perfused with this system demonstrates the presence of an incomplete basement membrane within the space of Disse and shows that human microbodies contain crystalline-like cores morphologically similar to those found in rat liver. PMID- 6980175 TI - The nature of Langerhans cells granules: an ultrastructural study. AB - Langerhans cells and macrophages have been studied in both oral lichen planus lesions and histiocytosis X. Many of the macrophages in both lesions contained phagolysosomes in various stages of degradation. Some of these phagolysosomes were found to develop slender processes and very narrow extensions containing little processed phagocytosed material. These latter structures were indistinguishable from Langerhans granules and were termed Langerhans granule like structures. There is enough evidence in the present study to suggest that typical Langerhans granules evolve from Langerhans granule-like structures and to confirm that Langerhans cells are a type of macrophage which at one stage of their development show Langerhans granules. PMID- 6980174 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin immunoreactivity in gastric carcinoid. AB - Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) was demonstrated in tumour cells in three out of five cases of gastric carcinoma showing the histological characteristics of carcinoid tumour. It was also detected in normal stomach mucosa, but was not found in 10 cases of adenocarcinoma of intestinal or mucous cell type. The AAT-positive tumour cells were argyrophilic, PAS-positive and were negative for pancreatic and gastric hormones. These findings suggest a possible malignant proliferation of alpha-1-antitrypsin-containing cells in the stomach. PMID- 6980176 TI - Genetic polymorphisms in a North-Greek population. AB - Gene frequencies for 12 genetic loci have been studied in the district of Almopia in Northern Greece. The frequencies of the G6PD and Hb loci exhibited clinical changes from NW to SE in central Macedonia. In the whole Greek population, the mean proportion of polymorphic loci and the mean heterozygosity were 0.73 and 0.202, respectively. Several statistically significant differences between Macedonians and Bulgarians were found. PMID- 6980177 TI - Interleukin 2. PMID- 6980178 TI - Regulation of monocyte precursor cell proliferation by two endogenous factors. AB - The rather narrow variation in the number of mononuclear phagocytes in blood and tissues under steady-state conditions attests to a fine tuning mechanism regulating monocyte production and distribution. Some factors, such as CSF, prostaglandins, and lactoferrin, which are thought on the basis of in vitro findings to control homeostasis of the mononuclear phagocyte system, are reviewed, confirmation of the physiologic role of these factors will require in vivo studies. Under conditions leading to an increased demand for macrophages in tissues, large numbers of monocytes are produced in the bone marrow. Two endogenous factors, i.e. the factor increasing monocytopoiesis (FIM) and the monocyte production inhibitor (MPI), have been found to regulate monocytopoiesis in vivo during an inflammation. FIM occurring in the circulation during the initial phase of the inflammatory reaction is a protein that has no colony stimulating activity, is cell-line specific, and stimulates the mitotic activity of the promonocytes and probably also the proliferation of the monoblasts. Macrophages produce and secrete FIM. MPI occurs in the circulation during the second phase of an inflammation. Although with the present assays these factors are only demonstrable during inflammation, which indicates that FIM and MPI are regulators of monocytopoiesis under increased demand, their possible role in control of homeostasis under normal steady-state conditions is not yet clear. PMID- 6980180 TI - Evaluation of murine thymocyte stimulation using a defined culture medium. AB - The ability of RPMI 1640 enriched with FCS or AATSZ (L-alanine, BSA, human transferrin, zinc chloride, and sodium selenite) to support mitogen-induced activation (G0-G1 shift) and proliferation (G1-S shift) of thymocytes has been investigated. The two culture media were found to be equally supportive. In terms of viability, differences were detected in the number of recovered viable cells, but this could be related to alterations in adherent properties, rather than viability of the cells. For the examination of a PHA-induced proliferation, IL-1 containing suppernatants, deriving from normal or induced peritoneal macrophages, were prepared. The supportive capacity of these preparations showed no significant difference between AATSZ and FCS. Despite the excellent supportive capacity for the mitogen-stimulated thymocyte cultures, the AATSZ medium was not able to support all established cell lines tested. A T cell (MOLT 4F) and a macrophage cell line (SK 1) grew equally well in AATSZ- and FCS-enriched medium, but a B cell (U 266) and a null-cell line (Reh) did not proliferate at all. When cells from the latter two lines were cultured in AATSZ medium, they did not complete the RNA-synthesis required for DNA-synthesis, as judged by cytofluorography. From the experiments presented it is concluded that the AATSZ medium offers several advantages, such as easy standardization of culture conditions, and no essential disadvantages for studying mitogen-stimulated thymocytes in vitro. On the other hand, some lymphoid cell lines do require culture conditions that the AATSZ medium cannot provide. PMID- 6980182 TI - Functional relationships of human T-lymphocytes and interleukins: I. Different accessory cell requirements of human T-lymphocyte subpopulations for generation of interleukin-2. AB - Interleukin-2 (Il-2) producing human T-lymphocyte subsets were isolated by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation and their requirements for helper monocytes were investigated. The results show that T-lymphocytes from fractions 2, 3, and 4 from the density gradient (high density lymphocytes) which contain up to 75% Fcmu receptor-bearing cells, and less than 0.2% monocytes could be stimulated by PHA for the production of Il-2 only in the presence of additional monocytes. T-lymphocytes from fractions 6 and 7 and in most experiments also from fraction 5 (low-density lymphocytes containing between 20% and 50% Fcmu receptor bearing cells, but still 0.2% up to 30% monocytes) could be stimulated by PHA for the production of Il-2 also without additional monocytes. Dose-response experiments with various numbers of monocytes added to the system showed the following: the higher the density of a cell population, the higher the number of monocytes required for help in the stimulation of Il-2 production. However, the production of Il-2 by high-density lymphocytes did not reach the Il-2 production by low-density T-lymphocytes even in the presence of high numbers of additional monocytes. Dose-response experiments indicated that the difference in Il-2 producing activity of T-lymphocytes of different density cannot be explained by the various numbers and/or activities of residual monocytes present in the various T-cell fractions. We suggest that the various T-lymphocyte populations differ with respect to a further cell population, presumably of lymphatic origin. This population appears to participate in the regulation of Il-2 production. PMID- 6980179 TI - Suppression of T lymphocyte proliferation during lymphoma growth in mice: role of PGE2-producing suppressor macrophages. AB - The suppressed T lymphocyte response occurring during lymphoma growth in mice was largely due to the generation of suppressor macrophages which released high amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Based on these findings, the role of macrophage-derived PGE2 as a regulating and potentially immunosuppressive agent of the immune response is discussed. PMID- 6980181 TI - The effect of phorbol-myristate acetate and concanavalin A on the growth of interleukin-2-dependent T-cell lines. AB - We tested the effect of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and of Con A on the growth of two Il-2 dependent T cell-lines. Il-2 dependent growth, as measured by 3H-TDR incorporation or viable cell counts was enhanced by PMA (5-100 ng/ml) and inhibited by Con A. These effects were only reproducible in the presence of intermediate concentrations of Il-2 containing supernatant. The enhancing effect of PMA was probably due to a positive influence on the replication rate since the drug had no visible effect on cell survival and since no evidence was found for the induction of Il-2 production by the cell-lines. PMID- 6980184 TI - Regulation of macrophage phagocytosis of syngeneic erythrocytes by T-cell subsets from NZB mice: differential effects of T cells from young and old mice. AB - The regulation of syngeneic erythrophagocytosis (EP) by macrophages (M phi) harvested from young and old NZB mice was examined by spectrophotometric assay and morphological observation. Peritoneal exudate M phi from young NZB mice weakly ingested syngeneic red blood cells (RBC). T cells derived from old NZB mice accelerated ingestion of RBC by young M phi. On the contrary, T cells from young NZB mice suppressed EP by young T cells appeared clearly when they were added to M phi derived from old mice, which ingested syngeneic RBC actively without help by old NZB T cells. Namely, such an active EP by old M phi was completely suppressed when they were incubated with young T cells. Simultaneous addition of both young and old T cells to either young or old NZB M phi with RBC suppressed the EP. Pretreatment of young T cells with anti-Lyt 1.2 antibody and complement (C) made the suppressive activity prominent, and preincubation with anti-Lyt 2.2 and C eliminated the suppressive activity, but gave rise to the enhancing activity. Young T-cell homogenates added to younger or old M phi together with RBC did not reveal suppressive activity for EP, and on the contrary facilitating activity appeared predominantly. Young and old T-cell homogenates added together to young M phi did not suppress EP. The largest of T-cell-factor accelerating EP was M phi, but not RBC. M phi with active EP belong to Ia-bearing subpopulations. PMID- 6980185 TI - T-cell regulation of pokeweed-mitogen-induced polyclonal immunoglobulin production in mice. I. Characterization of helper T cells. AB - T-cell regulation of pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) production was studied in mice. Under optimal stimulating conditions, about 1000 Ig-producing cells were generated per 3 x 10(5) spleen cells and macrophages were required to generate Ig-producing cells from B lymphocytes. The response of splenic B cells to PWM was partially dependent upon helper T cells, whereas the response to lymph node B cells was completely dependent upon T cells. Helper activity was attributed not only to Lyt 1+ 2- but also to Lyt 1+ 2+ T cells. Co operation between T and B cells, in this system, was not restricted by H-2 barrier. PMID- 6980183 TI - Inhibition by Fab and Fab'2 monoclonal anti-Ia antibody fragments of T-lymphocyte proliferative responses. AB - We investigated the capacity of anti-Ia monoclonal antibody Fab and Fab'2 fragments to inhibit keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) or concanavalin A (Con A) induced T-cell proliferations. Both types of fragments of anti-I-Ak and anti-I E/Ck monoclonal antibodies inhibited these responses. On a protein concentration basis, the inhibitory effects of fragmented antibodies were less pronounced than those of undigested molecules. However, once the differences in antigen-binding capacity were compensated, antibody fragments were as efficient inhibitors as undigested molecules. These results suggest (i) that masking of Ia antigenic determinants is the essential mechanism of anti-Ia antibody-mediated inhibitory effect; (ii) that some KLH-specific proliferating T lymphocytes are I-E/Ck restricted; (iii) that the Ia antigen role is not limited to restriction of cell interactions since the Con A-induced proliferation, a non-H-2 restricted response, is inhibited by anti-Ia Fab fragments. PMID- 6980186 TI - Differential effects of azathioprine on T cells regulating murine B-cell function. AB - We describe selective effects of azathioprine (Az) on T-cell subpopulations regulating the primary in vitro antibody response of mouse spleen cells to the T independent antigen TNP-polyacrylamide. This response is susceptible to the effect of two kinds of non-specific suppressor cells: (i) spontaneously-induced suppressor, generated after 4-5 days culture in the presence of 2 micrograms/ml of concanavalin A (Con A). Indeed, both these precultured cells lead to a cell dose-dependent suppression of the anti-TNP response when transferred at the initiation of antigen-stimulated fresh cell cultures. T cells are the effectors of both these suppressions and seem to directly suppress the B-cell response. We tested the in vitro effect of Az (10(-1) micrograms/ml) on the generation of these two sets of suppressors. Whereas that of Con-A-induced suppressors proves to be resistant, that of spontaneously-induced T suppressors is totally prevented by the addition of Az in the preculture medium. Instead, Az treatment allows the manifestation of a spontaneously-induced helper T cell, simultaneously generated, which is able to increase a T-independent antibody response and quite resistant to the in vitro effect of Az. Thus, this study demonstrates that different subpopulations of T lymphocytes regulating the B-cell antibody response exhibit a selectivity to Az, implying different cell proliferation requirements and/or different cellular origin. PMID- 6980187 TI - Detection of Raji binding activity in hyperimmune allogeneic tumor bearing sera associated with anti-BSA activity. AB - Brown Norway (BN) rats were implanted twice with allogeneic (Lewis strain) Moloney sarcoma tumors (LM-2) and serum samples were assessed for Raji binding activity during primary and secondary tumor growth and rejection. Maximum Raji binding was observed 25 days after a primary tumor implant; thereafter, the binding activity decreased. Accelerated tumor rejection was observed after a second tumor implant and was associated with a 3-fold increase in serum Raji binding activity which remained elevated up to 40 days post-tumor implant. Raji binding activity in hyperimmune rats co-migrated with IgG in G-200 fractionated serum. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on Raji cell membranes which reacted immunochemically with rabbit anti-BSA antiserum. Immunodiffusion studies revealed that sera from hyperimmune rats produced a precipitin band when reacted with Noniodet P-40 (NP 40) lysates of Raji cells and formed a line of identity with BSA. PMID- 6980189 TI - Identification by monoclonal antibodies of T-cell subpopulations activated by 12 O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). AB - Two major T-cell subpopulations obtained from human peripheral blood were studied their capacity to be activated by the tumor promoting agent, 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The subpopulations were identified and separated from each other by their reactivity either to the monoclonal antibody, OKT4 or OKT8, followed by complement-dependent lysis. The fraction enriched in T8+ cells showed approximately a 1.2-2.0-fold greater proliferative response to TPA (20 ng/ml) than did the T4+ cell subset. Optimal activation required the presence of monocytes. Comparison of the mitotic activity showed that the sum of each T-cell subset was less than a mixture of the two. This indicates either a unilateral or cooperative interaction of mitogenesis in the presence of TPA. PMID- 6980188 TI - Enumeration of lymphocyte populations in whole peripheral blood of patients with antibody-mediated nephritis during treatment with cyclosporin A. AB - Lymphocyte populations identified by surface markers were enumerated in whole peripheral blood of 3 patients with Goodpasture's syndrome (mediated by anti glomerular basement membrane antibody) whilst on treatment with cyclosporin A (CSA). The whole blood method, using alkaline phosphatase-labelled reagents, permits precise enumeration of the relative and absolute numbers of lymphocyte subsets in the circulation. Using conventional rabbit and monoclonal mouse anti human T-cell antibodies, a small decrease in the percentage of T-lymphocytes was noted following the start of CSA treatment. The absolute T-cell count fell, but only to just below normal. There was no marked or consistent effect on the percentages or absolute numbers of B-cells, C3b-receptor or Fc(gamma)-receptor bearing lymphocytes. These results are compatible with a mechanism of immunosuppression by CSA in which there is selective inhibition of a relatively minor subset of T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6980190 TI - Production of mouse lymphotoxin by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated spleen cells requires two cell fractions. AB - The appearance of lymphotoxin in the culture fluid of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated mouse spleen cells required two cell fractions that were separated by adherence to plastic. Upon stimulation with PHA, neither cell fraction alone produced significant amounts of lymphotoxin; however, when the cell fractions were combined and then stimulated with PHA, full activity was produced. Cytotoxic activity was not fully restored by combining PHA-stimulated cultured fluids from adherent and nonadherent cell fractions. This indicated that the cytotoxic activity was not the result of two factors, one produced by each cell fraction, that acted on the target cells, but rather, two cells interacted to produce lymphotoxin. Treatment of the unfractionated spleen cells with monoclonal anti Thy1.2 and complement before PHA stimulation greatly reduced the production of lymphotoxin and indicated that at least one of the cells was a T cell. Lymphotoxin production was partially restored by the addition of nonadherent cells to the anti-Thy1.2-treated cells, suggesting that the T cell was nonadherent. Treatment of unfractionated cells with either silica or carrageenan had no effect on the subsequent production of lymphotoxin by PHA, suggesting that the adherent cell was not actively phagocytic. PMID- 6980191 TI - Lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides fragilis are mitogenic for spleen cells from endotoxin responder and nonresponder mice. AB - The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Bacteroides fragilis are structurally atypical and give weak responses in most tests of endotoxic activity, but the mitogenic activity of LPS from B. fragilis has not been tested. We prepared LPS from B. fragilis 23745 by three methods and compared their mitogenic activity for murine spleen cells with that of LPS from Escherichia coli K235 prepared by similar techniques. LPS extracted from B. fragilis with hot phenol-water, with butanol water, or by detergent separation from the outer membrane were mitogenic for spleen cells from C57BL/10ScN, C57BL/10ScCR, and C3H/HeJ mice. The outer membrane, the outer membrane protein-polysaccharide complex, and the capsular polysaccharide from B. fragilis were also mitogenic for spleen cells from the same murine strains. LPS extracted from E. coli K235 with hot phenol-water, butanol-water, or sodium deoxycholate were mitogenic for C57BL/10ScN spleen cells, but only the LPS extracted with butanol and deoxycholate were stimulatory for spleen cells from C57BL/10ScCR and C3H/HeJ mice. Two types of LPS varying in the 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate-to-carbohydrate ratio were isolated from E. coli K235 with sodium deoxycholate; both endotoxins contained protein which was typical of lipid A or endotoxin protein. These results indicate that the LPS from B. fragilis is a potent mitogen for spleen cells from endotoxin responder and endotoxin nonresponder mice. PMID- 6980192 TI - Identification of attached bacteria in the nasopharynx of the child. AB - Bacteria attached to epithelial cells in mucus and cell scrapings obtained from the nasopharynx in children undergoing adenoidectomy appear rather monomorphic under the microscope, and for this reason it is not possible to identify different species. To overcome this difficulty, a micromanipulation method has been devised which allows the isolation of single squamous epithelial cells seen to carry bacteria. The cells are transferred to culture media for bacteriological analysis. Ciliated epithelial cells were never seen to carry bacteria, and cultures or these cells gave no growth. Bacterial growth was found in 36 of 47 cultures of single epithelial cells seen to carry 10 to 50 bacteria. Two species were isolated from 11 cultures and three species from one culture. Viridans streptococci dominated; the most frequently isolated species was Streptococcus mitior, followed by Streptococcus group K. In all, 15 different species were found to adhere to squamous epithelial cells in the nasopharynx. PMID- 6980193 TI - Chitin: an immunological adjuvant and a polyclonal B-lymphocyte activator. AB - Chitin, a linear beta 1-4 linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine, enhanced the in vivo immune response of normal mice to sheep red blood cells, but not that of mice with thymic aplasia (nude mice). The compound is mitogenic for murine B lymphocytes but not for thymocytes or splenic T lymphocytes. Similarly to well known polyclonal B-lymphocyte activators; e.g. lipopolysaccharide, chitin induces differentiation of B lymphocytes into antibody-forming cells in vitro. PMID- 6980195 TI - Sex differences and interpersonal relationships: a cross-sectional sample in the U.S. and India. AB - This study introduces a methodology for exploring sex differences and life span patterns in a small sample for the purpose of generating hypotheses concerning the frequency and kinds of relationships people identify as important. Sixty-two participants from the United States and India, ranging in age from nineteen to seventy-five were interviewed as part of a study on ego and moral development. These open-ended, semistructured interviews yielded information on relationships that was subsequently coded for analysis. Sex differences were found in the number of relationships mentioned, with females mentioning a higher number of relationships than males. Life span patterns regarding the number of relationships mentioned were different for men and women between ages nineteen to thirty-one, with women naming more relationships. At age thirty-five there was a convergence in the number of relationships mentioned by both sexes. This age also was the low point in the number of relationships mentioned by both sexes, with later life ages. PMID- 6980194 TI - In vitro effect of ethanol on subpopulations of human blood mononuclear cells. AB - Mononuclear cells from 10 healthy blood donors were incubated with ethanol at 37 degrees C for 30 min. An ethanol concentration of 10.0 g/l reduced the percentage of active E rosette-forming cells (E RFC) from 25.0 +/- 12.1 to 16.2 +/- 8.7, and the percentage of total E RFC from 70.3 +/- 8.5 to 59.7 +/- 13.5 (p less than 0.01 for both). The percentage of cells with phagocytizing capacity was reduced from 11.7 +/- 5.4 to 7.0 +/- 5.0 by the ethanol treatment (p less than 0.01). Incubation with ethanol at a concentration of 1.0 g/l also significantly reduced the number of active and total E RFC and of phagocytizing cells. Ethanol at a concentration of 0.1 g/l did not influence these cell subpopulations. The number of EA RFC and EAC RFC were not influenced by ethanol. PMID- 6980196 TI - International variation in the prevalence at birth of anencephalus in relation to maternal factors. AB - Information from series of cases of anencephalus and corresponding random samples of all livebirths showed that the prevalence rate at birth per 1000 livebirths for anencephalus was 4.02 in Belfast (from 1957 to 1969), compared to 1.36 in mothers of Scots-Irish origin resident in 14 selected Canadian cities (from 1950 to 1969). For each of these two populations, anencephalus was associated with the number of previous livebirths, stillbirths, and child deaths. However, these maternal factors did not account for any appreciable portion of the difference in prevalence rates between the two populations, showing that a different set of factors must cause the international difference in rates. PMID- 6980200 TI - Cell progression and radiosensitivity of T1-prospermatogonia in Wistar rats. AB - T1-prospermatogonia pass through a quiescent stage which lasts from before birth until day 4 after birth (p.n.). They progress into DNA synthesis and mitosis in two synchronous waves which are separated by 24 hours in the evenings of day 4 and 5. The first wave contains about 25 per cent of the total population, the second 75 per cent. The mean duration of S-phase is 10 hours, the mean duration of G2-phase is 4 hours. After irradiation, the capacity of T1-prospermatogonia to produce the normal number of proliferating and differentiating cells in the testes is reduced. During maturation, between day 21 post-conception (p.c.) and day 5 p.n. the radiosensitivity of T1-prospermatogonia decreases by a factor of over 5. PMID- 6980199 TI - Evidence that progression of cells into S-phase is not a prerequisite for recovery between split doses of U.V.-light in synchronized and plateau phase cultures of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - The ability of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells (EAT-cells) to perform split-dose recovery after U.V. exposure was studied with unfed plateau phase as well as with synchronized cells selected from exponentially growing cultures. The cells were kept in balanced salt solution which inhibited the progression of the cells through the cell cycle. The results indicated that split-dose recovery occurred in EAT-cells in all phases of the cell cycle and that progression of the cells into S-phase was not a prerequisite for this type of repair. The second-dose survival curves of G1- and S-phase cells showed, 24 hours after the first U.V. exposure, a shoulder width comparable to that of singly irradiated cells. Second dose survival curves for G2-cells showed, after the same time interval, a shoulder width smaller than that for singly exposed cells, presumably due to some cell division. The recovery time constant (t50 between 4 and 8 hours) increased with increasing U.V. exposure. PMID- 6980197 TI - Childhood hospitalization and chronic intractable pain in adults: a controlled retrospective study. AB - Three groups of patients have been studied in order to elucidate the relationship between childhood hospitalization and chronic intractable pain in adults. The groups were: patients referred to a pain clinic, psychiatric patients with a depressive illness, and patients attending a rheumatology clinic. The findings suggest that early hospitalization is related to the genesis of both depressive illness and intractable pain: in the former occurring in the preschool years and in the latter, during school age. The significance of these relationships is discussed. PMID- 6980198 TI - Increased rate of repair of ultraviolet-induced DNA strand breaks in mitogen stimulated lymphocytes. AB - Previous results from this laboratory have shown that phytohaemagglutinin stimulated bovine lymphocytes exhibit a peak of ultraviolet-induced DNA repair synthesis 3 to 4 days after addition of mitogen. The level of repair synthesis was approximately tenfold higher than that in unstimulated lymphocytes. We have extended these studies to examine the rate of repair of strand breaks in U.V. irradiated bovine lymphocytes. The extent of breakage of DNA was shown to be the same in mitogen-stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes from two breeds of cattle, when determined by sedimentation of nucleoids on sucrose gradients. However, in mitogen-stimulated cells the time taken to repair DNA strand breaks was 6 hours compared to 12 hours in stationary phase lymphocytes after a U.V. dose of 5 J/m2. These results suggest that the increased rate of repair of strand breaks is due to the induction of enzymes involved at the post-incision stage of DNA repair. Thus the increased level of repair synthesis observed in earlier work correlates with an increased rate of repair of DNA strand breaks in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated bovine lymphocytes. PMID- 6980202 TI - Ultraviolet radiation sensitivity of proliferating and differentiated human neuroblastoma cells. AB - The effects of ultraviolet (U.V.) radiation were studied on a cloned line of human neuroblastoma cells in proliferative and differentiated growth modes, the latter being induced by serum deprivation. The neuroblastoma cells were found to be unusually sensitive in comparison with HeLa cells when survival was measured by colony formation in soft agar, the differentiated mode being the most sensitive. Ultraviolet radiation sensitivity was associated with very low DNA repair capacity as measured by DNA repair synthesis and by removal of M. luteus endonuclease-sensitive sites from irradiated DNA. The greater sensitivity of the differentiated cells appeared to be related to a greater degree of DNA damage at a given U.V. dose, resulting from altered cell geometry in the growth mode. The neuroblastoma cells showed little or no post-irradiation inhibition of DNA replication at low U.V. doses, suggesting that it is the repair process rather than the DNA damage which is responsible for inhibiting replication. PMID- 6980201 TI - DNA repair synthesis in minimally stressed human lymphocytes. AB - We have estimated the rate of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in human lymphocytes from measurements of tritiated thymidine incorporation into double stranded DNA (ds-DNA) during incubation of cells in vitro. Cells were not subjected to stresses except those associated with careful handling, or in certain experiments, mild heating or treatment with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Contribution of scheduled DNA synthesis (SDS) to incorporation was reduced by inhibiting replication and separating freshly replicated single-stranded DNA from repaired ds-DNA by chromatography. By increasing the incubation temperature, which decreases SDS and increases UDS, the residual contribution of scheduled DNA synthesis to thymidine incorporation into ds-DNA was estimated. Effects of increasing the number of cells in S-phase by phytohaemagglutinin were also investigated. Results suggest that: the rate of unscheduled DNA synthesis is about 500 +/- 100 thymidine molecules incorporated per cell per hour; a temperature-sensitive process, probably hydrolysis of DNA, contributes much of the damage repaired by UDS; background ionizing radiation contributes little to the damage; and damage caused by DNA hydrolysis is repaired much more efficiently than lethal damage caused by ionizing radiation. Large increases in incorporation into ds-DNA occurred when cells were stimulated with PHA. PMID- 6980203 TI - Effect of near-ultraviolet radiation on the cell surface of the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus. PMID- 6980204 TI - The influence of time between cutting and irradiation on the sensitivity of Tradescantia stamen hairs to mutation induction. PMID- 6980205 TI - The radiation inactivation of NADP+-specific pig-heart isocitrate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6980207 TI - Simple practical techniques in the management of urinary incontinence. AB - Surgery for incontinence should be reserved for specific indications where its value as a primary treatment has been proven. Otherwise surgery should not be employed until a wide range of conservative treatments have been tried and have failed. The conservative methods of management outlined below include "bladder training' using frequency/volume charts to monitor, and alter, the pattern of micturition and number of episodes of incontinence, re-education of the pelvic floor muscles, intermittent self-catheterization, hormone replacement therapy, regulation of fluid intake and bowel habit, discriminate use of diuretics and hypnotics and adjustments to domestic conditions. PMID- 6980206 TI - Intercellular co-operation in repairing radiation-induced single-strand DNA breaks. PMID- 6980208 TI - Therapeutic principles in emergency colonic surgery. PMID- 6980209 TI - Meckel's diverticulum: a surgical dilemma? AB - In spite of the fact that Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of the small bowel, there is considerable controversy concerning its surgical management. Resection of a symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum is not a common operation in the experience of most general surgeons. As illustrated by the cases presented in this series, the indications for operation are usually clear. Should abdominal exploration routinely include a search for a Meckel's diverticulum and should it be resected in the absence of symptoms? Although there is no compelling evidence to support the opinion that an asymptomatic Meckel's diverticulum constitutes a major threat to the future well-being of a patient, it is apparent that incidental removal is associated with minimal risk of complications. What are the medicolegal implications? A series of 13 patients is presented to review the salient features of this interesting anomaly, together with pertinent comments from the literature. PMID- 6980210 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae infection in childhood. PMID- 6980211 TI - [Recent advances in American dermatology]. PMID- 6980213 TI - Acute gastrointestinal bleeding in an adolescent with an arteriovenous malformation. PMID- 6980212 TI - PiM subtypes in bronchiolitis. AB - Decreased alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) levels have been observed in children affected by bronchiolitis; however, variant alleles Pi (S, Z) which are usually associated with reduction of the inhibitor do not show a higher incidence in children affected by this disease. Subtypes M2 and M3 of alpha 1AT have recently been considered to play a role in the development of allergic states in children as well as in chronic obstructive lung disease in adults. In the present study we have investigated the incidence of PiM subtypes in 98 children affected by bronchiolitis. No greater incidence of subtypes M2 and M3 was observed in these children than in controls. These results rule out the hypothesis of a pathogenetic role of M subtypes in the development of bronchiolitis in children. PMID- 6980214 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage and pancreatitis associated with intervertebral disk diseases in the dog. PMID- 6980215 TI - Thiolactomycin, a new antibiotic. III. In vitro antibacterial activity. AB - Thiolactomycin is a new broad-spectrum antibiotic, active in vitro against many species of Gram-positive cocci, Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus, acid-fast bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. However, the activity is generally moderate and bacteriostatic in action. This antibiotic eludes cross resistance with any of the known antibacterial drugs such as ampicillin, carbenicillin or cycloserine. The effect on Gram-negative bacilli in vitro is little affected by the inoculum size, the presence of horse serum, the pH of the medium or the type of medium. When thiolactomycin was added to the assay medium, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ampicillin against inducible beta-lactamase producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reduced. Thiolactomycin inhibited the production of inducible beta-lactamase in several organisms. PMID- 6980217 TI - In-vitro bactericidal synergism of rifampicin and trimethoprim and implications for treatment of carriers of Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6980216 TI - A novel beta-lactamase inhibitor, SF-2103 A produced by a Streptomyces. PMID- 6980218 TI - Cefazolin versus cephalothin in beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in a rabbit experimental model. PMID- 6980219 TI - Wavelength dependence of energy transduction in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: action spectrum of growth. AB - We determined the wavelength dependence of the specific growth rate of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (the action spectrum of growth). A half-maximal (light-limited) growth rate was obtained when the culture vessel was illuminated with photon intensities between 0.8 x 10(14) and 3.5 x 10(14) photons cm-2 s-1 in the wavelength region between 400 and 950 nm. In the action spectrum, measured at 1.25 x 10(14) photons cm-2 s-1, distinct peaks could be observed at 480, 580, 800, and 870 nm, and minima could be found at 420, 540, 640 to 730, 830, and 940 nm. Both the pigment content and pigment composition of R. sphaeroides varied, depending on the wavelengths of the actinic light used for growth. This demonstrates that chromatic adaptation occurs in this bacterium. PMID- 6980220 TI - Regulation of binding of myosin subfragments with regulated actin by calcium ions in the presence of magnesium ATP. AB - Previously, several workers reported that at very low ionic strength and in the presence of ATP, the extent of binding of S-1 with the F-actin-tropomyosin troponin complex or regulated actin (FA-TM-TN) is unaffected by removal of Ca2+. However, in this study we found that during the ATPase reaction at physiological ionic strength, the extent of binding of HMM with FA-TM-TN decreased markedly upon removal of CA2+. Therefore, the effects of Ca2+ were studied on the intermediate steps in the acto-HMM or acto-S-1 ATPase reaction. 1. The nucleotide induced dissociation of acto-s-1 was studied using AMPPNP as substrate. The extent of binding of S-1 with regulated actin in the presence of Mg2+-AMPPNP increased in a sigmoidal manner as the S-1 concentration increased. When the molar ratio of actin monomer to S-1 was higher than 5-10, the removal of Ca2+ shifted the equilibrium of the dissociation reaction, FA-S-1-AMPPNP in equilibrium FA + S-1-AMPPNP, to the right. 2. The recombination rate of HMMPADP or S-1PADP with regulated actin in the absence of free Mg2+-ATP was estimated by measuring the time course of recovery in light-scattering intensity after addition of ATP. The rate decreased upon removal of Ca2+, when the molar ratio of actin monomer to S-1 was higher than 5-10. 3. The decomposition rate of HMMPADP was measured in the presence of Mg2+-ATP. In the absence of Ca2+, regulated actin did not affect this rate, whereas in its presence, regulated actin markedly accelerated the rate. These findings clearly indicated that at physiological ionic strength, removal of Ca2+ affects various elementary steps in the ATPase reaction to promote the dissociation of myosin heads from FA-TM-TN. PMID- 6980221 TI - Microcalorimetric study of magnesium-adenosine triphosphate ternary complex. AB - Using an original microcalorimetric method, the existence of the Mg2ATP ternary chelate has been studied. The thermodynamic parameters of this complex are delta H = 7.2 +/- 0.5 kJ mole-1 and K = 49 +/- 9 M-1. These values are compared with those previously obtained for binary chelate Mg ATP2-. A possible regulation role of Mg2ATP is discussed. PMID- 6980222 TI - Epidermal growth factor induces rapid centrosomal separation in HeLa and 3T3 cells. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence, we have found that epidermal growth factor (EGF), at 100 ng/ml, induces centrosomal separation within 20 min in HeLa and 3T3 cells. The effect was evident both in unsynchronized cultures and in HeLa cells blocked in early S phase by hydroxyurea. EGF also induced centrosomal separation in quiescent 3T3 cells blocked in G0/G1 by serum deprivation, indicating that DNA replication is not necessary for this effect. The mechanism of this rapid centrosomal separation and its role in the mitogenic effects of EGF remains to be determined. PMID- 6980223 TI - Clonal analysis of progenitor cell commitment of granulocyte or macrophage production. AB - Granulocyte-macrophage colony formation by C57BL bone marrow cells was initiated in agar cultures either by the granulocyte-macrophage stimulus, GM-CSF, or by the predominantly macrophage stimulus, M-CSF. After 24 hours, paired daughter cells of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) were separated by micromanipulation and one cultured in GM-CSF, the other in M-CSF. From the differentiation pattern of the resulting colonies, irreversible commitment of some cells occurred during the first 24 hours and completion of the first cell division. A similar result was obtained using granddaughter cells present after 24 hours of incubation. However, when intact developing day 2 and day 3 clones were cross-transferred to GM-CSF or M-CSF recipient cultures, irreversible commitment was more obvious. Most M-CSF-initiated clones exhibited irreversible commitment to macrophage formation in GM-CSF cultures and a high proportion of GM CSF-initiated clones continued to produce granulocyte progeny after transfer to M CSF. The results indicated that GM-CSF and M-CSF can irreversibly commit the progeny of GM-CFC respectively to granulocyte or macrophage production. While for women GM-CFC this occurs within 24 hours and one cell division, for many cells, the process is slower and requires an incubation period of up to 48 hours and/or several cell divisions. Calculations from the data indicated that two-thirds of GM-CFC in adult C57BL marrow are biresponsive and respond to stimulation both by GM-CSF and M-CSF. PMID- 6980224 TI - Cerebral oxygen metabolism and blood flow in human cerebral ischemic infarction. AB - Fifteen patients with acute cerebral hemispheric infarcts have been studied with positron emission tomography and the oxygen-15 steady-state inhalation technique. Thirteen follow-up studies were also performed. The values of cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and oxygen extraction ration (OER) have been calculated for the infarcted regions, their borders, the symmetrical regions in contralateral cerebral hemispheres, and the cerebellar hemispheres. This study demonstrates that in the completed stroke there are thresholds for regional CMRO2 and regional CBF below which the general clinical outcome of the patients is usually poor. The ischaemic lesions invariably produce an uncoupling between the greatly decreased metabolic demand and the less affected blood supply, with very frequent instances of relative hyperperfusion. Remote effects of the hemispheric infarcts have been demonstrated, such as crossed cerebellar diaschisis and contralateral transhemispheric depression. The level of consciousness correlates with oxygen uptake and blood flow both in the posterior fossa and in the contralateral cerebral hemispheres. The follow-up studies of individual patients underline the high variability of metabolism-to-flow balance during the acute phase of the illness, and stress the need for more studies focused on repeated assessments of homogeneous patient populations. PMID- 6980226 TI - Recurrent pyogenic infections in individuals with absence of the second component of complement. AB - While deficiency of the terminal components of complement (C3-C8) has classically been associated with recurrent pyogenic infections, it has become apparent that C2 deficiency is also associated with recurrent infections in some individuals. The patient presented here had two major pyogenic infections prior to 1 year of age and was found to lack the second component of complement. Studies of alternative complement pathway and humoral and cellular immunity were found to be within normal limits. Family studies suggest an autosomal codominant pattern of inheritance for the C2 defect, which also corresponded to the inheritance of the HLA A10 B18 haplotype. A review of the literature revealed nine other cases of C2 deficient patients with well-documented recurrent infections. In these patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the organism most frequently implicated in infectious processes, whether or not their alternative complement pathway is intact. PMID- 6980227 TI - Increased T cells lacking immunoglobulin Fc receptors and increased spontaneous morphological blast transformation in a patient with phycomycosis. AB - A 64-year-old diabetic man had phycomycotic infection with Rhizopus and expired following surgical debridement. Extensive immunological evaluation revealed normal cellular and humoral immune responses including an in vivo response to Rhizopus antigen following delayed hypersensitivity skin testing. Evidence for increased in vivo lymphocyte activation consisted of increased spontaneous morphological blast transformation and increased T non-mu non-gamma cells. This work extends the previous findings of normal immunological responsiveness including in vitro reactivity to Rhizopus antigen in such patients. PMID- 6980225 TI - Isotypes of surface immunoglobulin on B lymphocytes from patients with immune deficiency. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with antibody deficiency diseases (primarily agammaglobulinemia) were examined for the presence of B-lymphocyte subsets defined by surface immonoglobulin isotypes. The patients could be classified into one of four groups based upon the presence or absence of particular isotype-defined subsets. Patients with type I agammaglobulinemia lacked cells bearing surface IgG as well as IgD-Igm+-bearing cells. Type II agammaglobulinemia had unusually large numbers of IgG-bearing cells, representing as many as 50% of the peripheral blood B lymphocytes, while other B-cell subsets were present in normal numbers. Type III agammaglobulinemia had apparently normal numbers of all B-cell subsets. Hyper IgM immunodeficiency lacked cells bearing surface IgG, but did have all three iGd/IgM-bearing B-cell subsets. This classification of patients based upon B-cell subsets present in peripheral blood directly correlates with previous functional studies of B cells from these patients. We suggest that abnormal in vitro function of cells from these patients results from abnormal populations of B cells in peripheral blood, which result from the underlying disease. PMID- 6980228 TI - [Proteins of nucleated erythrocyte membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980231 TI - Gastrointestinal blood loss of oxaprozin and aspirin with placebo control. AB - The objective of this study was to compare the effects of oxaprozin (4,5-diphenyl 2-oxazolepropionic acid), a nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory compound, and aspirin in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to estimate gastrointestinal bleeding. The determination of fecal blood loss was made quantitatively by the use of the radioactive (51Cr) technique. During the first week, subjects were controlled with and without placebo. At the end of the second week, the subjects were divided and randomly assigned to one of three groups; 10 received 1200 mg oxaprozin (600 mg twice daily), 11 received 3900 mg aspirin (975 mg four times a day), and the remaining 8 subjects received placebo for two weeks. During the last two weeks, all received placebo again. A statistical analysis of variance showed that there were no statistical differences between the groups during the first and last two weeks of placebo therapy. During the active treatment period, weeks 3 and 4, there were statistically significant differences among the three groups. The mean blood loss during week 3 was significantly greater for the aspirin group, 8.8 ml/day, than the oxaprozin group, 3.3 ml/day (P less than 0.05), and the placebo group, 1.4 ml/day (P less than 0.001). The smaller difference between oxaprozin and placebo was also significant (P less than 0.05). During the fourth week, the mean daily blood loss among oxaprozin patients had decreased to 2.3 ml/day, and no statistically significant difference from placebo (1.1 ml/day) was found. PMID- 6980229 TI - Destruction of the multicellular parasite Schistosoma mansoni by T lymphocytes. AB - The role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in host defenses against infectious agents is unknown as these cells have not previously been demonstrated to kill microorganisms directly. We studied the cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy subjects for the multicellular schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. Unstimulated and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated T cells were cultured with schistosomula at a 5,000:1 effector/target (E:T) ratio for 18 h at 37 degrees C. Unstimulated T cells killed 2.1 +/- 0.6% of schistosomula as judged by dye uptake and did not change their infectivity for mice. In contrast, PHA-stimulated T cells killed 41.3 +/- 3.1% of schistosomula by dye uptake and 56.7 +/- 7.7% of these organisms could not mature to adult worms in vivo. Killing was associated with and dependent on increased binding of PHA-stimulated T lymphocytes to schistosomula. Significant schistosomula killing first was noted after 2 h of exposure to T cells to PHA and peaked at 24; enhanced killing by PHA-stimulated cells was observed at an E:T ratio of 500:1 and was maximal at 5,000:1. Exposure of T lymphocytes to oxidative mitogens, soluble antigens, and alloantigens also resulted in enhanced killing of schistomula. These studies show that T lymphocytes activated by a variety of stimuli develop the capacity to kill schistosomula of Schistoma mansoni. Direct killing of infectious agents by cytotoxic T cells may contribute to host resistance to infections. PMID- 6980234 TI - Dermatitis from transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation. AB - Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) is an effective treatment modality for chronic pain. Electrical impulses produced by a portable stimulator are transmitted by cable to electrodes which are attached to specific areas of the body by tape or adhesive. A conductive electrolyte jelly is utilized in order to make good electrical contact with the skin. Several dermatologic complications have been associated with the use of this technic, including allergic and irritant contact dermatitis and micropunctate burns caused by the improper use of poorly conductive lubricant jellies. A patient is reported herein who developed allergic contact dermatitis to propylene glycol in a conductive jelly (Neuromod TENS gel). In an attempt to continue therapy, the patient changed to a poorly conductive surgical lubricant jelly which caused irritation and micropunctate burns. Subsequently, electrodes not utilizing conductive jelly were applied, with excellent results. PMID- 6980230 TI - Induction of human B cell antigens in non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Leukemic cells from 70% of patients with Ia+CALLA+ non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) express an antigen (B1) found on all normal B lymphocytes. In this study, ALL cells that do not express the B1 antigen were studied in an attempt to further elucidate the cellular lineage of these tumors. Non-T cell ALL lines and tumor cells isolated from patients with non-T cell ALL that are Ia + CALLA + B1- were studied in vitro with a variety of agents known to promote cellular differentiation. Phorbol diester (TPA) or phytohemagglutinin conditioned leukocyte culture media were capable of inducing the expression of B1 on all four non-T cell ALL lines tested. In contrast, B1 could not be induced under the identical conditions on a promyelocytic leukemia line or a T cell lymphoblastic leukemia line. With the induction of B1 on non-T cell ALL lines, cytoplasmic mu heavy chain (c mu) became undetectable, whereas the expression of CALLA and Ia were unchanged. The expression of B1 was accompanied by a decrease of cellular proliferation and DNA synthesis, but not significant morphologic changes were noted. In addition, no other B or T cell antigens were detected. The cellular origin of non-T cell ALL was further investigated using tumor cells isolated from leukemic patients. Tumor cells from eight patients with Ia + CALLA + B1-c mu- ALL could be induced in vitro with TPA to express both B1 and c mu. In contrast, cells from five patients with Ia + CALLA-B1-c mu- non-T cell ALL could not be induced with TPA to express CALLA, B1 or c mu. These studies suggest that the non T cell ALL are heterogeneous and represent a spectrum of early B cell differentiation including the pre- pre-B cell (Ia + CALLA + B1-c mu-), the intermediate pre-B cell (Ia + CALLA +B1 + c mu-), and finally the "true" pre-B cell (Ia + CALLA + B1 + c mu+). The cellular origin of the remaining Ia + CALLA B1-c mu- form of non-T cell ALL (20%) is still unknown. PMID- 6980232 TI - The medial forebrain bundle of the rat. II. An autoradiographic study of the topography of the major descending and ascending components. AB - The medial forebrain bundle (MFB) is a complex fiber system that courses through and partly arises and partly terminates within the lateral preoptic and lateral hypothalamic areas. It consists mainly of thin fibers and may be comprised of as many as 50 descending and ascending components of varying lengths and of different origins and/or destinations (Nieuwenhuys et al., '82). With the aid of an an atlas of the MFB and the surrounding brain areas in the rat presented in the preceding paper (Nieuwenhuys et al., '82), the position and topographic relationships of some 21 components of the bundle have been analyzed in detail, in brains that had been prepared for autoradiography following injections of tritiated amino acids into a number of structures that are known to contribute fibers to the MFB. From this analysis it is clear that most of the labeled components occupy specific and rather constant positions within the MFB. For example, the ascending components are largely confined to the dorsal half of the bundle; those arising from the medial preoptic area and the various hypothalamic nuclei are distributed rather diffusely over much of the MFB; and the descending components that arise from the olfactory tubercle and the magnocellular preoptic nucleus are confined to restricted parts of the bundle. These findings indicate that the neurons which occupy different parts of the lateral hypothalamic area probably receive distinctive inputs, and to a first approximation these are likely to be determined principally by their position within the MFB. PMID- 6980235 TI - Muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding: in vivo depiction using single photon emission computed tomography and radioiodinated quinuclidinyl benzilate. AB - An attempt was made to characterize, in vivo, specific binding to the muscarinic cholinergic receptor in the calf using the radioiodinated ligand quinuclidinyl benzilate (123I-OH-QNB) and single photon detection emission computed tomography (SPECT). The supratentorial brain activity was significantly increased after the intravenous infusion of 123I-OH-QNB as compared to free 123I. Scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, decreased the measured brain activity when infused prior to 123I-OH-QNB consistent with pharmacologic blockade of specific receptor binding. Quantitative in vitro tissue distribution studies obtained following SPECT imaging were consistent with regionally distinct specific receptor binding in the striatum and cortical gray matter, nonspecific binding in the cerebellum, and pharmacologic blockade of specific binding sites with scopolamine. Although 123I-OH-QNB is not the ideal radioligand, our limited success will hopefully encourage the development of improved binding probes for SPECT imaging and quantitation. PMID- 6980233 TI - Lichen planus in two immunodeficient hosts. AB - The exact pathogenic mechanism involved in lichen planus (LP) remains obscure. Two patients who have severe immunodeficiency diseases and who developed LP during the course of their illness are reported here. Both patients had hypogammaglobulinemia and disturbed immune function prior to the development of LP. Although such an association could be coincidental, the development of LP may be related to the underlying immune disturbances. Association of LP with several other disorders of the immune system has been previously observed. Other evidence for the possible involvement of an immunopathogenic mechanism in LP includes (1) deposition of immunoglobulin within the colloid bodies and at the dermoepidermal junction, (2) predominantly T cell dermal infiltrate in LP lesions, and (3) existence of clinical and histologic similarities between graft-versus-host disease and LP. PMID- 6980237 TI - Effect of moderate malnutrition on immediate hypersensitivity and immunoglobulin E levels in asthmatic children. AB - Dermal reactions and IgE levels were compared in 51 asthmatic Colombian children identified on the basis of anthropometric measurements as nutritionally normal (25) or mildly (16) or moderately (10) undernourished. Twenty-five nonatopic children served as controls. Total serum IgE concentrations were significantly elevated in the asthmatic group as a whole. Moderately malnourished (grade II) asthmatic children had more than twice as much serum IgE as normal or mildly malnourished (grade I) asthmatic subjects and seven times more than nonatopic children. Intestinal parasitism did not appear to contribute to these differences in IgE levels. Serum levels of IgA and IgD were similarly elevated in grade II asthmatics. Concentrations of serum IgG, IgM, and C3 and C4 complement were unaffected by nutritional or allergic status. Eosinophilia in nasal mucus was significantly reduced in grade I and grade II malnourished asthmatic children. Among asthmatics, the most frequent dermal reactions were to mite antigens (96%), house dust (67%), and grass pollens (35%). Significant levels of specific IgE were detected by the RAST to two species of mites in nearly all atopic children. There was no apparent influence of nutritional status on the distribution of reactivity or specific IgE assay. The clinical significance of hyperimmunoglobulin E in atopic, moderately malnourished children remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6980236 TI - An analysis of signal amplification using small detectors in positron emission tomography. AB - Spatial resolution in computed tomography (CT) has been limited because of the excessive increases in statistical noise associated with increasing resolution. Reconstruction filter functions have been designed to produce tomographic images with resolution as close as possible to the intrinsic detector resolution. Since these filter functions apply an increasing weight to increasing spatial frequencies in the measured data, this produces a large amplification of noise at the upper end of the spatial frequency band of the filter function where the signal from the detector has a low amplitude. This mathematical approach to spatial frequency amplification cannot distinguish between signal and noise and thus both are amplified equally. An approach for improving tomographic resolution is the use of very small detectors to selectively amplify the signal but not noise. This signal amplification technique (SAT) can provide improvements in image resolution without increases in the cutoff frequency of the reconstruction algorithm. Alternatively, in cases in which image counts are low, statistical noise can be reduced by lowering the cutoff frequency. A possible system design for a positron CT system with SAT is described. PMID- 6980238 TI - Neonatal screening for 21-hydroxylase deficiency: a microfilter paper method for 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone assay. AB - A micromethod for measuring 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in blood collected on filter paper has been developed. Our method is rapid, easy and has the specificity, accuracy and precision of the radioimmunoassay in whole blood. The method has been applied for screening patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Fifty samples collected on filter paper were assayed by our method, using 125I as tracer, and results were compared with those obtained for the same samples using a tritium tracer. The agreement between the two methods was particularly good in the area ranging from 15 to 100 pg/disc. In one neonate the diagnosis of CAH was made utilizing the microfilter paper method. Our method is a promising screening test for CAH. An indication of the advantages or disadvantages of this type of screening will become available when an adequate number of infants has been examined. PMID- 6980239 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency--a cause of cryptogenic liver disease in the elderly. AB - We report a 73-year-old woman with homozygous ZZ alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), micronodular cirrhosis, cholestatic jaundice, and emphysema. An elevated SGOT/SGPT ratio was noted in the absence of chronic alcoholism. ERCP demonstrated a normal extrahepatic biliary system and suggested obstruction of the intrahepatic ducts. An operative liver biopsy demonstrated periodic acid-Schiff positive, diastase resistant intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. This patient reminds us that metabolic causes of cryptogenic liver disease need to be considered, even in the elderly. We review briefly the literature concerning AATD and liver disease. PMID- 6980240 TI - Linkage analysis of the transferrin, albumin, and hemoglobin loci in leopard frogs. AB - Transferrin was found to be monomorphic in a sample of 20 wild-caught Rana pipiens and 20 R. blairi. Albumin was monomorphic in R. Blairi, but one of the 20 R. pipiens was heterozygous at the albumin locus. The homologous proteins of the two species differ in their mobility. Both parental proteins are represented in hybrids. Backcross offspring exhibit no significant deviation from the expected normal Mendelian ratios. Linkage data suggest a weak linkage between the albumin and transferrin loci with neither of them being linked with the hemoglobin linkage group. PMID- 6980243 TI - [Change of serum enzymes after coronary revascularization. Effects of cardioplegic time, temperature, methods of myocardial protection and perioperative myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980241 TI - The use of phagocytic peritoneal exudate cells as targets for the estimation of cytotoxic T cell activity. AB - A new method for measuring cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity has been developed with peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) as target. A monolayer of target PECs was labelled with Indian ink and exposed to CTL. After incubation, detached or damaged PECs were rinsed out of the target monolayer, and the remaining phagocytes were fragmented and dissolved by the addition of 2 N NaOH. The number of undamaged target cells was estimated by colorimetric reading of the amount of Indian ink in the phagocytes surviving CTL attack. In studies with several strains of mice, only PECs from the same strain as the stimulator cell donors used for CTL induction were damaged by CTL effectors. When CTLs generated against TNP-modified syngeneic stimulators were used as effectors TNP syngeneic PECs, but neither unmodified syngeneic PECs nor allogeneic TNP-PECs, were damaged. These results demonstrate the antigen specificity of immunolysis of PECs. Macrophage target cells were stable and showed no tendency to spontaneous cell damage during 24 h incubation without effector cells. PMID- 6980242 TI - Mechanisms of contact photosensitivity in mice: I. T cell regulation of contact photosensitivity to tetrachlorosalicylanilide under the genetic restrictions of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 6980244 TI - [Acute renal failure after open heart surgery and its treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980245 TI - [The effects of osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) on the absorption of alveolar bone. 1. Production and purification of OAF (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980246 TI - [Characterization of the immunocompetent cells in human chronic periodontitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980247 TI - Minor rectal bleeding. Treatment guidelines for infants and children. PMID- 6980248 TI - Antibodies in systemic lupus--diversity finally simplified. PMID- 6980249 TI - Reduced T lymphoid colony growth in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - T cell colony growth in semisolid medium, a sensitive indicator of disease associated lymphoycte defects, was found to be depressed in patients with PSS and RA. In both disorders, more pronounced abnormalities were observed after incubation with suboptimal concentrations of the polyclonal mitogen PHA. Depletion of monocytes by adherence to plastic surfaces of addition of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin did not correct the growth abnormality observed in PSS. Reduced colony-forming activity could not be attributed to serum inhibitory factors. The cellular abnormalities detected in patients with these connective tissue diseases were less pronounced than those found in SLE patients. PMID- 6980250 TI - S-Adenosylhomocysteine accumulation and selective cytotoxicity in cultured T- and B-lymphocytes. AB - To evaluate for selective toxicity of S-adenosylhomocysteine toward cultured lymphoblasts, cytotoxicity was correlated with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine accumulation in cultured human B-lymphoblasts (MGL-8) and T-lymphoblasts (MOLT-4) during adenosine deaminase inhibition with EHNA. The addition of adenosine increased intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine levels and decreased the growth of B-lymphoblasts, with an estimated ID50 of 50 micro M. These changes were enhanced by the addition of homocysteine thiolactone. The addition of deoxyadenosine, even with homocysteine thiolactone, had no effect in B-lymphoblasts. The addition of deoxyadenosine potently decreased the growth of T-lymphoblasts, with an estimated ID50 of 16 micro M, and increased intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine concentrations. The changes were enhanced with the addition of homocysteine thiolactone. T-lymphoblasts cultured with adenosine showed only modest increases in intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine levels but did have a substantial decrease in growth. These changes were not substantially modified by the addition of homocysteine thiolactone. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase activity did not correlate with cytotoxicity or S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine accumulation in B- or T lymphoblasts. These data suggest that selective S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine accumulation and toxicity in B-lymphoblasts provide a potential mechanism for the B-lymphocyte defect in adenosine deaminase deficiency. The accumulation of S adenosylhomocysteine in T-lymphoblasts and the associated cytotoxicity provide evidence to implicate this mechanism as contributing to the T-cell disorders in inherited or acquired adenosine deaminase deficiency. PMID- 6980251 TI - Bradykinin-mediated hypotension after infusion of plasma-protein fraction. AB - In patients who required volume expansion during extracorporeal circulation, the plasma bradykinin concentration was monitored simultaneously with the mean arterial pressure during infusion of either albumin solution or PPF. The PKA content of the PPF and the albumin solution was 29 and 3 U/L, respectively, measured spectrophotometrically. In six patients receiving 250 ml of PPF, the mean arterial pressure decreased 22% to 54% within 1.5 min after infusion, whereas the plasma bradykinin concentration, measured by radioimmunoassay, increased significantly (p less than 0.0005) during the first minute. In six patients receiving 250 ml of 4% albumin solution, no blood pressure changes were found, and the plasma bradykinin concentration rose only slightly. In vitro, linear correlation (r = 0.94, p less than 0.0005) was observed between the level of PKA of 26 different lots of PPF and the concentrations of bradykinin that were generated in Hageman factor-deficient plasma after incubation with PPF. It is concluded that the hypotensive reactions observed after PPF infusion during extracorporeal circulation are caused by the PKA-induced bradykinin generation. PMID- 6980252 TI - The effects of preservation on microvascular vein grafts in rats. AB - Segments 15 mm in length were excised from the femoral veins of rats and preserved by refrigeration at 4 C in lactated Ringer's solution for periods up to 21 days. The findings show that veins can be preserved for up to seven days and successfully grafted to recipients. Although there was some success in preserving vein segments for more than seven days, a high rate of thrombosis occurred after implantation in the recipients. It is generally accepted that damaged endothelium causes thrombosis. The light and electron microscopic observations in this study, however, suggest that the condition of the endothelium may not be the only important factor in the patency of small vessels. A thickened and prominent elastic lamina may also play a role in keeping the lumen open. PMID- 6980253 TI - Role of the major histocompatibility complex in T cell activation of B cell subpopulations. A single monoclonal T helper cell population activates different B cell subpopulations by distinct pathways. AB - It has recently been demonstrated that the Lyb-5+ and Lyb-5- B cell subpopulations differ in their requirements for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted activation by T helper (TH) cells. To determine whether these MHC-restricted and -unrestricted pathways of B cell activation result from differences in the participating TH cell populations or reflect differences exclusively in the responding B cell subpopulations, experiments were carried out using cloned TH cells for in vitro antibody responses to trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The same cloned T helper cells were able to activate both CBA/N (Lyb-5-) B cells and CBA/CaHN (Lyb-5+ + Lyb-5-) B cells under different experimental conditions. The activation of Lyb-5-B cells by cloned T helper cells required both MHC-restricted TH cell-B cell interaction and carrier-hapten linkage. In contrast, the activation of Lyb-5+ B cells required only MHC restricted T helper cell interaction with accessory cells, while T-B interaction was MHC unrestricted and did not require carrier-hapten linkage. Thus, the differences in activation requirements observed for the Lyb-5- and Lyb-5+ B cell subsets do not result from differences in the TH cell populations activating these B cells, but rather reflect differences in the ability of these B cells to respond to signals from the same TH cells. PMID- 6980254 TI - Regression of a disseminated syngeneic solid tumor by systemic transfer of lymphoid cells expanded in interleukin 2. AB - We have studied the ability of immunized lymphoid cells expanded in IL-2 to mediate the cure of mice with localized and disseminated syngeneic lymphoma. Mice received 500 rad total-body irradiation before injection of tumor into the footpad. Mice were treated 5 d later when a palpable local tumor and disseminated metastases were present. Intravenous injection of in vivo immune lymphocytes cured 93% of all mice, significantly better than any control group (P less than 0.0005). Immune cells, secondarily sensitized to the FBL-3 tumor in vitro, also conferred significant survival benefit (P less than 0.005) when injected intravenously, curing 79% of the animals treated. When these in vitro sensitized cells were expanded in IL-2, 8-10-fold over 7 d, 93% of the animals thus treated were cured, (P less than 0.005). When these cells were grown for multiple generations in IL-2 they retained their ability to cure mice (56% cured, P less than 0.01). This is the first demonstration that intravenous injection of sensitized cells grown in long term culture in IL-2 is capable of curing mice of established local and disseminated syngeneic tumor. PMID- 6980255 TI - Requirement for three signals in B cell responses. II. Analysis of antigen- and Ia-restricted T helper cell-B cell interaction. AB - We have recently reported that resting B cells must receive at least three different signals in a T helper cell (TH)-dependent as well as in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B cell response (3), i.e., a specific TH signal (that can be bypassed by LPS), a nonspecific TH signal (mediated by Ia or antigen nonspecific B cell helper factor), and an antigen (hapten) signal. In a system using male (H-Y) antigen-specific cloned TH of C57BL/6 origin and male (or female) B cells, we now confirm and extend these findings by demonstrating that H Y-specific TH must see both H-Y and Ia determinants on the B cells (and not only on macrophages) to provide the first specific TH signal required for a plaque forming cell (PFC) response. This signal was interfered with by a monoclonal anti I-Ab antibody at the B cell level, was not mediated by detectable soluble factors (in contrast to the nonspecific signal also provided by the TH), and could be bypassed by LPS, in which case anti-I-Ab antibody had no effect. However, although the H-Y-specific TH induced a polyclonal PFC response (B cell differentiation) in the apparent absence of an antigen seen by the B cells, significant clonal expansion of PFC precursors occurred only when the B cells also recognized an antigen (hapten). PMID- 6980256 TI - Purification of human interleukin 2 to apparent homogeneity and its molecular heterogeneity. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL-2), produced with and without co-stimulation by the Burkitt's lymphoma line Daudi, was purified 37,000-fold to apparent homogeneity from lymphocyte conditioned medium by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and chromatography on blue agarose and on Procion-red agarose. The purified IL-2 showed a 10(6) U/mg protein sp act. IL 2 produced in the absence of Daudi cells had a mol wt of 26,000 as measured by gel filtration and an isoelectric point of 6.7. This IL-2 showed a 16,000 and 17,000 mol wt in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). IL-2, produced in the presence of Daudi cells (10(6)/ml), showed a mol wt of approximately 14,000, as measured by both gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, and an isoelectric point of 8.1. The purified IL-2 lacked detectable interferon (alpha and gamma), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, B cell growth factor, T cell-replacing factor, and thymocyte-differentiating activity and was free of any contaminating proteins as judged by silver staining in SDS-PAGE. All three molecular forms of IL-2 were biologically active at concentrations of 10( 11) - 10(-10) M, supporting the growth of human and murine cytotoxic T cell lines. PMID- 6980259 TI - Selective abrogation of antigen-specific human B cell responses by antigen-ricin conjugates. AB - The feasibility of selectively eliminating human antigen-specific B cell responses by treating cells in vitro with antigen covalently linked to a cell toxin was examined. Tetanus toxoid (TT) was conjugated to the toxin ricin via a thioether linkage. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from recently immunized subjects were preincubated for 2 h with TT-ricin in the presence of lactose. Antigen was then removed, and the cells from recently immunized subjects were preincubated for 2 h with TT-ricin in the presence of lactose. Antigen was then removed, and the cells were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen to induce antibody production. TT-specific antibody production was completely abrogated by preincubation with TT-ricin but not by TT alone or a mixture of TT and ricin. In contrast, polyclonal immunoglobulin production was not diminished by TT-ricin. This selective abrogation was also seen when B cells alone were preincubated with TT-ricin and a source of T cell help was later provided. T cell blastogenic responses to TT remained intact after TT-ricin exposure. Thus, antigen-toxin conjugates are capable of selectively eliminating specific antibody-producing B cell clones, while leaving intact the remainder of the B cell repertoire. PMID- 6980258 TI - Restriction molecules involved in the interaction of T cells with allogeneic antigen-presenting cells. AB - The proliferative responses of T cells, depleted of alloreactive cells, were tested upon stimulation by antigens presented on allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APC). Restriction molecules involved in these responses were identified by inhibition of T cell proliferation with monoclonal antibodies against A(A alpha A beta) and E(E alpha E beta) molecules of the APC. The responses to all three antigens tested [Poly(Glu40Ala60) (GA), lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), and poly(Glu51, Lys34, Tyr15) (GLT)] were A plus E restricted when the allogeneic APC expressed both molecules, and only A restricted when the APC did not express cell surface E molecules. In contrast, when T cells and APC are syngeneic, the same antigens are recognized only in the context of either A molecules (GA and LDHB) or E molecules (GLT). The data indicate that the immune response gene control of these responses is not associated with either a failure of antigen presentation, or the lack of certain T cell specificities from the germ line repertoire, but probably with selective somatic elimination (tolerance) of certain clones from the T cell repertoire. PMID- 6980257 TI - Primary in vitro cytotoxic T cell response to non-major histocompatibility complex alloantigens in normal mice. AB - We have shown for the first time that it is possible to consistently generate a primary in vitro cytotoxic T cell (Tc) response to non-major histocompatibility complex alloantigens using responder cells from a normal mouse strain. This was achieved by carrying out, in the generating phase, a limiting dilution procedure in which it appears that suppressor cells that inhibit Tc activation or expansion are too dilute to manifest their effect. Moreover, the response was observed in mouse serum-(MS) as well as fetal calf serum- (FCS) supplemented media, an important finding in the light of the anomalous nonspecific effects induced by FCS. The cytotoxic response produced in MS-supplemented media was shown to be highly specific in both the generating and effector phases, whereas the responses in FCS had a strong nonspecific component. PMID- 6980260 TI - Demonstration of a third structurally distinct human Ia beta chain by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - Previous studies have indicated that HLA-DR homozygous cell lines express two Ia alpha and Ia beta chains that combine to form at least two Ia molecules. This report demonstrates by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis the existence of a third structurally distinct human Ia beta chain on DR2 and DR5 cell lines. This suggests that at least five separate genes control the expression of Ia molecules on HLA-DR homozygous cell lines. PMID- 6980261 TI - A cloned cell line mediating natural killer cell function inhibits immunoglobulin secretion. AB - We previously described a cloned cell line that combines information for a unique display of cell surface antigens and specialized function similar to activated natural killer (NK) cells. In addition to conventional cellular targets such as the YAC-1 and MBL-2 lymphomas, this cloned line also lysed lipopolysaccharide activated B lymphocytes. To determine whether some NK cells can inhibit B cell function, we tested the ability of NK-like clones to suppress Ig secretion in vitro and in vivo. These cloned cells suppressed Ig secretion when they constituted as few as 0.2% of the total cell population and inhibition did not require identity at the H-2 locus. We suggest that some NK cells might recognize non-major histocompatibility complex gene products on activated B lymphocytes and lyse these cells, and this might represent a fundamental cell-cell interaction that regulates antibody secretion by activated B cells. PMID- 6980262 TI - Acute gastroduodenal lesions following head injury. PMID- 6980263 TI - Internal and external differentiations of the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction. AB - Frog, snake and rat neuromuscular junctions were prepared for electron microscopy by the quick-freeze, deep-etch, rotary replication procedure. The postsynaptic membrane was exposed by treating muscles with 1 mg/ml collagenase to remove the basal lamina. Present on the apices of the postsynaptic folds are regular arrays of 8-9 nm protrusions. These are not seen in the depths of the folds nor elsewhere on the muscle surface, thus they presumably represent the heads of cholinergic receptor molecules. These protrusions tend to be arranged in parallel rows two-abreast. Their high concentration (10 000/microns2) and their orderly arrangement is basically similar to the receptors seen in Torpedo postsynaptic membrane. Their distribution did not appear to change after denervation. Efforts were made to expose possible anchoring structures of these receptors, by treating muscles with 0.1% Saponin immediately before and/or during fixation in 1% formaldehyde, or by homogenizing muscles after brief formaldehyde fixation. This washed most soluble protein out of the cytoplasm and exposed a submembraneous meshwork just beneath the postsynaptic membrane. This meshwork appears to connect the membrane to underlying bundles of intermediate filaments which course through the postsynaptic processes that border each fold. This meshwork is presumably equivalent to the postsynaptic 'density' seen in thin sections. Its three dimensional structure suggests that it could anchor receptor molecules to underlying cytoskeletal elements and thus immobilize receptors in the plane of the postsynaptic membrane. PMID- 6980264 TI - Cerebellar stimulation and cerebral palsy. PMID- 6980265 TI - Respiratory symptoms and lung function in oil mist-exposed workers. AB - The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was registered and ventilatory function was determined in 164 men exposed to oil mist. The average exposure time was 16.2 years. One hundred fifty-nine office workers served as controls. The exposed men reported more respiratory symptoms: 14% of the exposed nonsmokers v. 2% of the non-smoking controls having cough at least three months a year. There were no significant differences between spirometric measurements and chest roentgenograms of the men exposed to oil mist and those of the office workers. The lung function of 25 nonsmoking exposed men was further examined with other lung function tests. The mean values for closing volume, slope of the alveolar plateau, total lung capacity, residual volume, elastic recoil at various lung volumes, and diffusion capacity did not differ significantly. PMID- 6980266 TI - Homogeneity of large-field color matches in congenital red-green color deficients. AB - Rayleigh matches obtained from red-green color deficients with conventional methods show large individual differences within diagnostic categories. Similar matches obtained from the same observers with a large-field substitution method show much less variability and suggest that the differences observed among simple anomals, extreme anomals, and dichromats with conventional methods are probably not solely due to the visual pigments contained in the cones. A theory that attributes these differences to the relative number of abnormal cones present in the observer's retina is described. PMID- 6980267 TI - Exercise stress testing office based. PMID- 6980268 TI - Polymorphonuclear cell chemotaxis to secretions of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - Polymorphonuclear cell chemotaxis to secretions of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Trichomonas vaginalis were investigated. Cells from three groups, laboratory workers, patients with urogenital symptoms, and asymptomatic patients attending an antenatal clinic, all showed greater response to secretions of pathogenic strains, when the secretion was dilute. At higher concentrations of secretion, responses to both strains were similar, except in the pregnant group, where increased chemotaxis to pathogenic strains was still evident. PMID- 6980269 TI - Corneal astigmatism associated with aniridia. PMID- 6980270 TI - Terrien's marginal corneal degeneration. AB - Terrien's disease is an uncommon (Terrien himself saw only three cases in thirty years of practice) corneal condition characterized by vascularization, opacification, lipid deposition, and thinning. With progression, large degrees of astigmatism occur and perforation is a threat. One-third of cases exhibit an inflammatory component. While typically described as a disease of middle to late age, these four cases indicate the full spectrum of clinical disease may be seen by an ophthalmologist who cares for children. PMID- 6980271 TI - Mechanism of neuromuscular block by streptomycin: a voltage clamp analysis. AB - The effects of streptomycin on neuromuscular transmission were investigated on frog cutaneous pectoris muscles. The half-inhibition doses of peak end-plate current amplitude are 3 x 10(-5) and 8.5 x 10(-5) M in the presence of 0.9 and 1.8 mM extracellular calcium, respectively. The quantal content of the end-plate current was reduced by 50% in the presence of 3 x 10(-5) M streptomycin in Ringer's solution containing 0.35 mM Ca and 2 mM Mg. Miniature end-plate currents under these conditions were reduced by only 20%, suggesting that the presynaptic blocking action predominates over the postsynaptic action. A much higher concentration of streptomycin (3.5 x 10(-4) M) was required to achieve 50% block of peak transient depolarizations induced by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine. The postsynaptic action involves primarily a blocking action on acetylcholine receptors since the drug did not alter the linearity of current voltage relationship for end-plate currents at membrane potentials more positive than -50 mV. An additional weak blocking action on the acetylcholine-activated channels exhibited a slight voltage and concentration dependence, giving rise to a slight prolongation of the end-plate current and curvature of the current voltage relation at membrane potentials more negative than -50 mV. Thus, under normal conditions the predominant action of streptomycin at the neuromuscular junction is to reduce transmitter release. A secondary competitive inhibition on the acetylcholine receptor and a weak blocking action on the ionic channels may also contribute to the overall block. PMID- 6980273 TI - Activation and inactivation characteristics of the sodium permeability in muscle fibres from Rana temporaria. AB - 1. The steady-state and kinetic characteristics of the processes of activation and inactivation of the Na(+) permeability, P(Na), were measured in cut skeletal muscle fibres from Rana temporaria under voltage-clamp conditions.2. The specific resistance, r(ss), in series with the surface sarcolemma, was estimated as 6 Omega cm(2) by measuring the initial value of the membrane potential transient in response to current pulses under current-clamp conditions. To reduce the error in the potential across the sarcolemma introduced by r(ss), Na(+) currents were recorded using positive feed-back compensation, in the presence of tetrodotoxin (2.4-5 nm).3. P(Na)(t) was fitted with m(3)h kinetics assuming a voltage dependent delay, deltat, to the start of the activation process.4. The P(Na)-V(p) curve exhibited saturation at potentials more positive than 30 mV. m(infinity), calculated as (P(Na), (infinity)/ P(Na))((1/3)) as a function of V(p), was a sigmoid curve with a mid point at -35 mV. The slope, dm(infinity)/dV(p), at this point was 0.032 mV(-1).5. Using a double-pulse protocol a non-exponential time course for the development of fast inactivation at small depolarizations was observed.6. The time constant for activation, tau(m), as a function of V(p), and tau(h) as a function of V(p), could be fitted with an approximately bell-shaped function, maximum of 430 mus at -43 mV and 925 mus at -78 mV respectively, at 15 degrees C.7. The mid-point potential of the h(infinity)-V(l) curve occurred at 58 mV, and h(infinity) approached 1 for V(1) values more negative than -103 mV.8. Using a double-pulse procedure the development of a slow inactivation of the Na(+) current was demonstrated. Its time course could be described in terms of a single exponential function, time constant equal to 0.58 s. The recovery from slow inactivation could be described by a similar exponential for recovery times smaller than 1 s. PMID- 6980272 TI - Intracellular recording from vertebrate myelinated axons: mechanism of the depolarizing afterpotential. AB - 1. Electrophysiological techniques are described which allow intracellular recording from peripheral myelinated axons of lizards and frogs for up to several hours. The sciatic and intramuscular axons studied here have resting potentials of -60 to -80 mV and action potentials (evoked by stimulation of the proximal nerve trunk) of 50-90 mV. They show a prominent depolarizing afterpotential (d.a.p.), which is present both in isolated axons and in axons still attached to their peripheral terminals. This d.a.p. has a peak amplitude of 5-20 mV at the resting potential, and decays with a half-time of 20-100 msec.2. The peak amplitude of the d.a.p. is voltage-sensitive, increasing to up to 26 mV with membrane hyperpolarization. The d.a.p. disappears as the axon is depolarized to 60 to -45 mV, and does not appear to reverse with further depolarization.3. The d.a.p. is not reduced when bath Ca is replaced by 2-10 mm divalent Mn or Ni. The d.a.p. is not reversed when axons depleted of Cl (by prolonged exposure to Cl deficient, SO(4)-enriched solutions) are bathed in Cl-rich solutions. These results suggest that the d.a.p. is not mediated by a conductance change specific for Ca or Cl ions. Partial substitution of tetramethylammonium for bath Na, or addition of 10(-5)m-tetrodotoxin to the normal bathing solution, reduces the amplitude of both the action potential and the d.a.p.4. The amplitude of the d.a.p. is not sensitive to bath [K] over the range 1-7.5 mm, provided that all measurements are made at the same holding potential. This result argues that the d.a.p. is not mediated by accumulation of K outside the active axon.5. Treatments expected to inhibit the Na-K exchange pump (cooling from 25 to 10 degrees C, or 0.15 mm-ouabain) do not enlarge or prolong the d.a.p., although they do abolish a slower hyperpolarizing afterpotential seen following repetitive stimulation.6. The passive voltage response of the axon to small injected pulses of depolarizing or hyperpolarizing current shows a prominent, slowly decaying component with a time course similar to that of the d.a.p. Depolarizing current reduces the input resistance of the axon, and increases the rate of decay of both the passive voltage response and the d.a.p. There is a slight conductance increase during the peak of the d.a.p., but the same conductance increase can be produced by a comparable passive depolarization.7. We conclude that the d.a.p. is due mainly to a passive capacitative current, probably resulting from discharge of the internodal axonal membrane capacitance through a resistive current pathway beneath or through the myelin sheath. We suggest that this slow capacitative discharge becomes evident as soon as most of the nodal ionic channels activated during the action potential have closed. An electrical model of the myelinated axon that incorporates the postulated internodal leakage pathway can account both for the prolonged d.a.p. recorded inside the axon, and for the potential profile recorded extra-axonally in or near the internodal periaxonal space. PMID- 6980274 TI - Fast charge movements in skeletal muscle fibres from Rana temporaria. AB - 1. Fast charge movements were measured in cut skeletal muscle fibres from Rana temporaria.2. The initial time course of the current in response to a sudden displacement of the membrane potential from -110 to -60 mV was analysed in terms of an electrical equivalent circuit modified from Falk & Fatt (1964).3. The specific resistance in series with the sarcolemma was estimated as 7.4 Omega cm(2). The total capacity (surface sarcolemma plus tubular membrane) was estimated as 3.43 muF/cm(2).4. The asymmetry currents settling within 1 ms during depolarizing pulses of increasing size (on-response), from a holding potential around -120 mV, could be described in terms of a single exponential. The asymmetry currents after the pulses (off-response) exhibited at least two components.5. The integral of the on-response, Q(on), as a function of V(p), could be fitted using a function of the Boltzmann type. At the mid-point of the distribution curve, equal to -38 mV, the slope was 0.012 mV(-1). A saturating value of 28 pC was reached at 40 mV.6. The off-response to pulses not exceeding 3 ms exhibited two components. The first one had an exponential time course. The charge Q(off) associated with this fast component was always equal to Q(on).7. tau(on) (the relaxation time constant), as a function of membrane potential was asymmetrical, exhibiting a maximum value of 233 mus at about -38 mV.8. For V(p) values smaller than -20 mV the Q(on)-V(p) and tau(on)-V(p) curves could be analysed using the two-state transition model. From this analysis the average transition potential V' was estimated as -38 mV and the effective valence of the mobile charges as 1.36.9. Double-pulse protocols (duration of pre-pulses referred to as T in the range 0-3 s) showed that Q(on) and tau(on) decreased as T increased. Single transient analysis shows that the changes are confined to the transient for depolarizing pulses.10. This immobilization of the charges is reversible and follows a similar time course to the slow inactivation of the Na(+) conductance described in the preceding paper.11. A differential effect of the depolarizing pre-pulse on the ionic and asymmetry currents is seen in the decrease of tau(on) with increasing T while tau(m) remains constant. PMID- 6980275 TI - Pharmacological separation of charge movement components in frog skeletal muscle. AB - 1. Charge movements to small 10 mV steps superimposed upon a wide range of closely spaced depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses were studied in frog skeletal muscles under different pharmacological conditions in hypertonic solutions.2. In control fibres, capacitance was strongly voltage-dependent, especially between potentials of -60 and -20 mV, confirming earlier work. There was a sharp increase in capacitance at around -50 mV. The dependence of non-linear charge on potential was asymmetrical and saturated at around 25 nC/muF.3. The presence of tetracaine abolished the ;hump' in the non-linear transients, which became simple monotonic decays. The dependence of capacitance upon potential was reduced. The maximum available amount of non-linear charge fell to 10 nC/muF.4. The presence of lidocaine abolished both the ;hump' as well as the monotonic part of the non linear transients. This resulted in capacitance falling with depolarization from 85 mV.5. Comparing the steady-state properties of the non-linear charge under the different pharmacological conditions made it possible to deduce empirically the following components:(i) A lidocaine-resistant component (q(alpha)), which was responsible for the fall in observed capacitance with depolarization from the control voltage.(ii) A component resistant to tetracaine yet abolished by lidocaine (q(beta)). This possesses quasi-exponential kinetics, and a maximum charge of about 20 nC/muF.(iii) A component abolished by both lidocaine and tetracaine (q(gamma)), which possesses a maximum charge of 15 nC/muF. This has complex kinetics, and its steep dependence upon voltage resembles the potential dependence of the development of tension in skeletal muscle. PMID- 6980277 TI - The formation of appropriate central and peripheral connexions by foreign sensory neurones of the bullfrog. AB - 1. The ability of foreign sensory neurones to form novel reflex pathways was studied in bullfrogs by removing, during early larval stages of development, the dorsal root ganglion (d.r.g. 2) that normally provides the entire sensory innervation of the front limb.2. After the operation these tadpoles metamorphosed into frogs that responded to sensory stimuli and had nearly normal use of the limb. Sensation in the limb was mediated by sensory neurones located in an adjacent ganglion (d.r.g. 3); these neurones normally never grow into the arm.3. These neurones were shown, by labelling with horseradish peroxidase, to project into the arm and into the region of the brachial spinal cord occupied by motoneurones innervating muscles in the arm. These projections do not occur at any time during normal development.4. Intracellular recordings from identified motoneurones demonstrated that when the operations were done before developmental stage 9 appropriate monosynaptic sensory-motor pathways were established. The relative strengths of synergistic and antagonistic sensory projections onto motoneurones were normal, although the latencies of the synaptic potentials were somewhat longer.5. When the operation was performed after stage 9 but before metamorphosis, d.r.g. 3 sensory afferents grew into the arm and into the brachial spinal cord but did not make monosynaptic connexions onto motoneurones.6. Removal of d.r.g. 2 from adult bullfrogs failed to produce either central or peripheral changes in the projections of d.r.g. 3 sensory neurones.7. Many d.r.g. 3 neurones still innervated their normal sensory targets in the thorax. These neurones never formed monosynaptic connexions onto brachial motoneurones in either normal or experimental animals. In experimental animals, the polysynaptic projections of these third nerve sensory neurones to brachial motoneurones were stronger than in normal animals independent of when d.r.g. 2 was removed during development.8. Thus foreign sensory cells can form specific, functionally appropriate connexions between peripheral targets and motoneurones if the sensory cells that normally mediate this reflex pathway are removed sufficiently early during development. PMID- 6980276 TI - Synaptic organization of sensory and motor neurones innervating triceps brachii muscles in the bullfrog. AB - 1. The anatomy and physiology of sensory-motor pathways were studied in the brachial spinal cord of adult bullfrogs to characterize the properties and specificity of these connexions.2. Motoneurones innervating a given forelimb muscle are located in discrete and reproducible regions of the lateral motor column. Yet only a fraction of the motoneurones in a particular region innervates any one muscle.3. The central projections of sensory afferent axons from the triceps muscles extend throughout the rostro-caudal length of the brachial spinal cord. Within this region these projections terminate in an area containing many motoneuronal dendrites.4. Within the triceps motor pool sensory neurones from the triceps muscles produce monosynaptic potentials only in triceps motoneurones even though these motoneurones are mingled with motoneurones innervating other muscles.5. Motoneurones innervating each of the three heads of the triceps muscles, medial, internal and external, receive monosynaptic input from their own, homonymous muscle head. Sensory fibres from the medial head also innervate 98% of the heteronymous motoneurones projecting to the internal or external heads, and nearly 90% of the medial triceps motoneurones are innervated by sensory axons from the other two heads.6. Similarly, other brachial motoneurones receive monosynaptic input from sensory axons in their own muscle nerves. However, most of the synaptic potentials evoked in triceps motoneurones by stimulation of muscle nerves other than triceps are of longer latency and probably involve polysynaptic pathways.7. Thus, the pattern of synaptic connexions between muscle sensory afferents and motoneurones in the frog's spinal cord is specific. Furthermore, comparison with homologous pathways in the cat's spinal cord suggests that the strength and pattern of these connexions are similar. PMID- 6980278 TI - Rheumatology and rheumatic disease in the Republic of China. PMID- 6980279 TI - Early appearance of abnormally migrating serum IgM in control and cyclophosphamide-treated NZB/NZW mice. AB - An augmented incidence of neoplasms was observed in autoimmune NZB/NZW mice receiving longterm immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide. This observation afforded a unique opportunity to test for paraproteins in 58 serial samples of serum from 39 mice dying with tumors or with renal disease/vasculitis. In 6 animals, abnormally migrating monoclonal IgM precipitin lines appeared at 40 -56 weeks of age and persisted until death. In 3 animals, paraproteins appeared 32 to 43 weeks before reticuloendothelial neoplasms were observed. Three mice with abnormally migrating IgM died with renal disease/vasculitis. Abnormal IgM did not correlate with histologic changes of Sjogren's syndrome, lymphadenopathy, or activity of autoimmune disease. In 1 instance, an IgM paraprotein appeared and persisted in a mouse receiving prolonged treatment with a high dose of cyclophosphamide. PMID- 6980280 TI - Family studies of B lymphocyte alloantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In Caucasians with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we have identified 3 risk markers in the HLA-D region -- HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3, and la-715 -- and have used these markers to probe 7 families in which more than 1 case of lupus had occurred. In 6 of the 7 families studied, persons with SLE were either homozygous for HLA-DR2, had 2 haplotypes carrying reactivity with la-715, or had at least 2 of the 3 risk markers HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3, and la-715. Several normal individuals in these kindreds also had these multiple risk markers but had no signs or symptoms of lupus. This limited study of lupus families suggests a role for coinheritance of HLA-D region genes as a factor in the development of SLE. PMID- 6980281 TI - Mucha-Habermann disease in children -- the association with rheumatic diseases. AB - Two children are described who developed Mucha-Habermann disease as infants. One boy had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis that ran a progressive course over 10 years, although his skin disease responded to a low dose of corticosteroids. One girl had polyarthritis associated with onset of her rash but both resolved over several years without treatment. She has since developed scleroderma followed by a reappearance of her skin lesions. PMID- 6980282 TI - Prophylactic colchicine therapy in palindromic rheumatism. PMID- 6980283 TI - Absolute stereochemistry and dopaminergic activity of enantiomers of 2,3,4,5 tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine. AB - Resolution of the unique dopamine receptor agonist 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8 dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine (1) was achieved by a stereospecific multistep conversion of the readily separated enantiomers of its O,O,N trimethylated precursor 2. The absolute stereochemistry of the antipodes of 2-MeI was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometric analysis, thus permitting assignment of the configuration of stereospecifically related 1, as well as that of the synthetic intermediates. High-performance liquid chromatography of diastereoisomeric derivatives was utilized to determine the enantiomeric excess of the R (greater than 97%) and S (greater than 89%) isomers of 1. Examination of the isomers in several in vitro and in vivo tests for both central and peripheral dopaminergic activity revealed that activity resided almost exclusively in the R isomer. The results suggest that the properly oriented 1-phenyl substituent of 1 is important for dopamine-like activity; it may contribute to receptor binding by interaction with a chirally defined accessory site. Configurational and conformational requirements for receptor binding of 1 are considered in relationship to previously described dopaminergic agents. These studies, in accord with previous suggestions, indicate that (R)-1 interacts with dopamine receptors in a conformation in which the catecholic hydroxyls and basic nitrogen are at least nearly maximally separated. PMID- 6980284 TI - Heterogeneity of circulating immune complexes in chronic lung diseases. AB - Circulating immune complex (IC) levels in sera from 58 healthy controls and a total of 212 patients with various chronic lung diseases were measured using 3 assays. Two complement-dependent assays (C1q fluid phase and Raji) and a complement-independent assay (L1210) were employed. The 3 assays generally revealed similar patterns of reactivity when control and pathological groups were compared, with the L1210 assay invariably demonstrating the lowest incidence of positive values in each group. The most significant elevations in IC levels were exhibited in bronchiectasis and bronchogenic carcinoma. However, within these two groups correlations between IC assays performed on individual sera were poor. Significant but weak correlations (p less than 0.01) were only observed for C1q vs Raji in bronchiectasis and C1q vs L1210 in bronchogenic carcinoma. Complement binding ICs were present to a similar extent in both conditions. However, non complement binding ICs were found to be more common in bronchiectasis. The relative sensitivity of the tests and the contribution of interfering factors to the disparity between the assays is discussed. However, the interpretation favoured is that the lack of correlation is primarily a reflection of the intrinsic heterogeneity of immune complexes formed under similar and dissimilar pathological conditions. PMID- 6980285 TI - The variable effect of cryopreservation on peripheral blood mononuclear populations. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cryopreserved using 0.5 degree C/min or 1 degree C/min cooling rates. Following thawing they were evaluated by cell surface marker analysis and mitogen reactivity. T cells, B cells and monocytes were preserved when cooled at 0.5 degree C/min. B cells and monocytes were preserved when cooled at 1 degree C/min but T cell numbers decreased. Similarly FC gamma bearing T cells were preserved when cooled at 0.5 degree C/min but when cooled at 1 degree C/min they were decreased. Following thawing, incubation of PBMC with histamine induced or activated FC gamma bearing T cells. PBMC cooled at 0.5 degree C/min showed retention of nonspecific suppressor T cell activity in early cultures (96 hr) which could be induced and activated in late cultures (144 hr) whereas at 1 degree C/min nonspecific suppressor T cells were not preserved but could be induced and activated in late cultures (144 hr). Prostaglandin secreting monocytes retained functional activity independent of the cooling rates tested. Different cooling rates have variable effects on suppressor elements. PMID- 6980286 TI - Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens in 173 patients with DNA-binding positive SLE: an association between antibodies to ribonucleoprotein and Sm antigens observed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - Sera from 173 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined for antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Antibodies to four major constituents were identified and their frequencies noted as follows: anti-RNP (28%), anti-Sm (10%), anti-Ro (24%) and anti-La (9%). In addition to these a number of uncharacterised antigens were also noted. Using the CIE method we found that in cases where anti-Sm was present it was always accompanied by anti-RNP. Associations between these two antibodies have been noted previously, and many theories have been put forward in explanation. In this study a simple interpretation of the results is offered based on current knowledge of the molecular structure of Sm and RNP antigens. PMID- 6980288 TI - Effect of nonviable tissue and abscesses on complement depletion and the development of bacteremia. AB - Complement concentrations and blood cultures were compared in 58 patients within 24 hours of injury and weekly thereafter. Extensive amounts of nonviable tissue (n = 40) were associated with a mean depletion of C4, C3, and C5 by 56%, and minor injuries (n = 18) by 22% of normal concentration within 14 hours after injury. The C4, C3, and C5 concentrations returned to normal or above within a week after minor injuries, but not following major injuries. However, C4, c3, and C5 levels remained depressed after major injuries unless necrotic tissue was removed or abscesses were drained. If complement concentration was below 50% of normal for more than a week all patients developed bacteremia. Following debridement or drainage complement returned to normal in 11 patients and blood cultures became negative in seven. Possible consequences by activation and altered availability of complement for chemotaxis, opsonization, and lysis of bacteria have been analyzed and related to the development of bacteremia. PMID- 6980287 TI - Dexamethasone sodium phosphate ophthalmic (Decadron): a review of its use, and guidelines administration. PMID- 6980289 TI - Filipin-sterol complexes in the membranes of cardiac muscle. PMID- 6980290 TI - PETT scanners probe "frontiers' of brain. PMID- 6980291 TI - Diffuse pulmonary disease in a 2 1/2-year-old child. PMID- 6980292 TI - [Clinical studies of 9, 3"-diacetylmidecamycin (author's transl)]. AB - 1. We had a chance to administer the "MOM dry syrup' (MOM fine granules) to 22 patients: 6 patients with streptococcal infections and 16 patients with other respiratory tract infections. The clinical efficacy was good in 16 cases and its rate was 80%. 2. The causative organisms were isolated from 9 cases: 6 cases with S. pyogenes, 2 with S. pneumoniae and 1 case with B. pertussis. All of the clinical isolates were eradicated except for the S. pyogenes strains. 3. Any remarked side effects were not observed but only eosinophilia in 2 cases. 4. Because of no bitterness of the MOM dry syrup, all the children take it easily. 5. MOM was effective in all the cases of pertussis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. As for streptococcal and pneumococcal infections, it is necessary to administer MOM under the control of bacterial sensitivity. PMID- 6980293 TI - [Tissue distribution of 9, 3"-diacetylmidecamycin in the pregnant rat and in the rat following repeated administration (author's transl)]. AB - The tissue distribution of 9, 3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM) was studied in the pregnant rats and in the rats following repeated administration. After oral administration of MOM (200 mg/kg) in the pregnant rats, the levels in the placenta and in the uterus were 2-3 times higher than that in the blood, however the levels in the amniotic fluid and in the fetus were 1/10-1/20 of the blood levels. After the third administration of MOM in the first day (30 mg/kg p.o./dose, 3 times/day, 4-hour interval), the levels in the liver, kidney, lungs, spleen, salivary glands and thymus were 1.5-12 times higher than that in the blood; the level in the muscle was almost equal to that in the blood; and the levels in the brain were 1/3-1/10 of the blood level. The tissue distribution patterns after repeated administrations were found to be similar to those of the first day administrations. PMID- 6980294 TI - [Clinical results of 9, 3"-diacetylmidecamycin dry syrup in the pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - 9, 3"-Diacetylmidecamycin (MOM), a new macrolide antibiotic, was administered to 28 patients: 6 with pharyngitis caused by Group A beta-Streptococcus, 2 with lacunar tonsillitis, 8 with upper respiratory tract infection, 6 with acute bronchitis, 3 with Mycoplasma pneumonia, 1 with primary atypical pneumonia, 1 with pneumonia caused by H. influenzae and 1 with whooping cough. MOM in the form of fine granules was administered at a daily dose of about 20-30 mg/kg divided into 3 doses. Isolated group A beta-Streptococcus strains were eradicated in only 1 out of 6 strain S. One strain of H. influenzae was eradicated. The clinical results could be obtained with 21 cases and the response was excellent in 1 case, good in 7, fair in 3 and poor in 10. Although diarrhea was found in 3 cases during the administration of MOM, it was not clear whether these phenomena were caused by MOM, because of the prevalence of diarrhea among the children treated by us at that time. PMID- 6980295 TI - [Clinical study on 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - We have studied clinically on 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM), a new macrolide antibiotic derived from midecamycin. The following results were obtained. 1) Serum concentration. To the the same child weighing 15 kg and aged 4 years, the MOM dry syrup was administered orally at single doses of 150 mg (10 mg/kg) and 300 mg (20 mg/kg) and then the MDM fine granules at a single dose of 300 mg (20 mg/kg). At dosages of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of MOM dry syrup and 20 mg/kg of MDM fine granules, the serum concentrations were 0.5 microgram/ml, 0.8 microgram/ml and not detectable (N.D.) respectively, at 45 minutes after administration; 0.4, 0.6 and N.D. at 1 hour; 0.12; 0.2 and N.D, at 2 hours; N.D., less than 0.1, N.D. at 4 hours; N.D. in all the cases at 6 hours. 2) Clinical results. MOM dry syrup was administered to 25 children. The efficacy rate was 68.75% except for 1 dropout case and the elimination rate of 11 isolated strains of group A Streptococcus was 9.09% in 16 cases of scarlet fever and 1 of acute pharyngitis caused by group A Streptococcus. With 6 cases of pertussis were eradicated. The clinical response to 1 with acute bronchitis and 1 with Mycoplasma pneumonia were good and poor respectively. 3) Side effect. No clinical side effect and abnormal laboratory findings were observed in any of the 25 cases administered MOM dry syrup. PMID- 6980296 TI - [Clinical studies on 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in respiratory tract infections in pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical studies on 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM) was carried out in 31 patients with respiratory tract infections (acute pharyngitis 6, acute purulent tonsillitis 5, scarlet fever 1, acute bronchitis 6, pneumonia 13 cases), in dose of 12 approximately 34 mg/kg divided 3 per day for 3 approximately 19 days. The overally efficacy rate was 74.2%. As to adverse reaction, exanthema and diarrhea with abdominal pain were observed in each 1 patient. Eosinophilia and elevation of serum GPT were noted in each 1 patient. PMID- 6980297 TI - [General pharmacological studies of netilmicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980299 TI - [Acute leukemia with Burkitt's lymphoma cells in two Japanese children--clinical manifestations and cell surface markers--(author's transl)]. PMID- 6980298 TI - [A case of Willebrand's disease with abnormal factor IX (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980300 TI - [A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with pre-B cell characteristics (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980301 TI - [In vitro CFU-mix in peripheral blood of myeloproliferative disorders stimulated by serum of aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980303 TI - [Acute liver failure and intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6980302 TI - [Observation of surface markers of leukemic cells in three cases of chronic lymphatic leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980304 TI - Newer findings in granulomatous inflammation. PMID- 6980306 TI - [A case of vasculo-Behcet with esophageal downhill varices (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980305 TI - [Pathogenesis of malabsorption in total gastrectomy with particular reference to intraluminal pancreatic enzymes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980308 TI - [Successful culture in TCGF added media and isolation of T-cells infiltrating gastric and colonic carcinomas]. PMID- 6980307 TI - [B cell function in acute and chronic liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980310 TI - [Nursing process - related matters. POS and nursing - notes by a physician]. PMID- 6980309 TI - [The secondary phase of Masugi nephritis in nude mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980311 TI - Suppression of mucus secretion in the ciliated epithelium of frog palatine mucosa by perfusion with electrolyte solution. AB - We investigate the effects of perfusion with electrolyte solution on secretion of mucus by the frog palatine mucosa. The amount of mucus secreted was determined by measuring the contents of hexosamine in the mucus. Ciliary movement was examined by the particle transport method. The goblet cells, which secret mucus in the ciliated epithelium, were examined under light and electron microscopes after the perfusion with Ringer's solution. While the mucus secretion was almost completely suppressed by the perfusion with Ringer's solution, the ciliary movement was not suppressed. This suppression was also observed in the presence of bromhexine, pilocarpine or adrenaline, drugs which enhance mucus secretion. Acceleration of ciliary movement as induced by acetylcholine, adrenaline, and serotonin was potentiated by perfusion with Ringer's solution. The mucus secretion was not suppressed by perfusion with A Tris-HCl-substituted Ringer's solution lacking Na+ and was partially suppressed when perfused with a Tris-Cl-substituted Ringer's solution free of Ca2+. Following perfusion with Ringer's solution, many granules containing mucus were observed in the lower part of a goblet cell in the ciliated epithelium. Moreover, shrinkage of the goblet cell but not the ciliated cell was observed electron-microscopically. The difference in membrane permeabilities to Na+ and Ca2+ between the ciliated cell and the goblet cell may play a role in the suppression of mucus by the palatine mucosa. PMID- 6980312 TI - [Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980313 TI - ["All in one" sequential bypass method (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980315 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in vascular diseases]. PMID- 6980316 TI - [Profuse hemorrhage from ulcerated neurofibroma of the stomach]. PMID- 6980317 TI - [Hemorrhagic complications in patients with obstructive jaundice of nontumoral etiology]. PMID- 6980314 TI - Generation of long-term T-lymphoid cell lines with specific cytotoxic reactivity for a syngeneic murine lymphoma. AB - The long-term in vitro growth in T-cell growth factor (TCGF) of murine cytotoxic T-lymphoid cells directed against syngeneic tumor antigens was investigated. C57BL/6 mice were immunized to syngeneic FBL-3 lymphoma by two ip injections of irradiated FBL-3 lymphoma cells. Splenocytes from these animals were injected into mice with disseminated lethal FBL-3 tumor. The injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy) plus immunized lymphocytes significantly improved survival with cure of 53% of 38 animals. In comparison, treatment with Cy alone resulted in 0 of 31 cured and treatment with Cy plus unimmunized cells resulted in 0 of 40 cured (P less than 0.0005). These in vivo immunized lymphocytes were reexposed to FBL-3 tumor in vitro for 5 days in lectin-free TCGF (LF-TCGF). Although in vivo and in vitro sensitized lymphocytes exhibited no cytotoxicity toward fresh FBL-3 tumor cells in an 18-hour 51Cr release assay, expansion of appropriately sensitized cells in LF-TCGF resulted in significant lysis of fresh FBL-3 tumor cells. This significant lysis was specific and lysed syngeneic FBL-3 but not syngeneic MCA 103 fresh tumor targets. This maximal specific cytotoxicity was maintained for 2.5 months. A screening assay was developed that permitted rapid identification and isolation of low-frequency cytotoxic clones with reactivity specific for FBL 3 tumor. Several of these cloned cells were grown for almost 3 months with maintenance of high degrees of specific lysis (as much as 4,500 lytic U/10(6) cells). These cytotoxic lines and clones will be of value for the study of tumor host immunologic interactions and perhaps for use in adoptive immunotherapy. PMID- 6980318 TI - [Familial corneal degeneration--type Reis-Bucklers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980319 TI - [Manual electric drilling machine with a slit burr in the treatment of corneal band-shaped degeneration (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980320 TI - [Rheumatic iridocyclitis in childhood--differentiation on the basis of clinical and immunological parameters (author's transl)]. AB - In approximately 10% of the children suffering from juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), rheumatic iridocyclitis was also diagnosed. In 90 JCA and iridocyclitis patients we studied relative risk, clinical course and prognosis by means of several clinical and immunological parameters. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), selective IgA-deficiency, oligoarthritis type of onset of the disease and manifestation of JCA during infancy--predominantly in girls--were quite often accompanied by a pronounced susceptibility to rheumatic iridocyclitis, while seropositivity (RF-positivity) and systemic onset of juvenile chronic arthritis normally rule out rheumatic iridocyclitis. Among HLA-B27-positive boys of school age, the acute course of rheumatic iridocyclitis, which rarely results in serious and lasting complications, is more frequent; in some cases juvenile sacroiliitis or ankylosing spondylitis are evident. The evaluation of the risk factors makes it possible to systematically define subgroups likely to develop chronic iridocyclitis and less susceptible groups of patients, thus facilitating early diagnosis and treatment as well as clinical observation of the development of chronic iridocyclitis. PMID- 6980322 TI - Increased urinary excretion of total 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone in newborn infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Urinary excretion of total 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (16 alpha-OH-P'O), pregnanetriol (PT), and 11-oxopregnanetriol (11-O-PT) were determined by capillary gas chromatography in 32 healthy neonates and three newborn infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) during the first 4 weeks of life. In the 2nd and 3rd week of life, only the 16 alpha-OH-P'O excretion was pathognomonically elevated in infants with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The values amounted to 1023, 1611 (age 1--2 weeks), and 2955 micrograms/day (3 weeks of life) compared to much lower levels in healthy peers (2nd week: mean 243, range 0 -520 micrograms/day; 3rd week; mean 515, range 66--1541 micrograms/day). PMID- 6980325 TI - [Rheumatism is not simply rheumatism]. PMID- 6980321 TI - [Report of two cases with a very rare complication possibly associated with the Noonan-syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980323 TI - [Opto-vestibular interaction based on nystagmometric data]. AB - Nystagmograms recorded in healthy people (270 ENG from 30 children, aged 3 to 7) were analyzed quantitatively. The velocity of the slow component of the vestibular nystagmus during caloric tests, optokinetic nystagmus in response to stimuli applied at 20 and 10 degrees/sec, as well as vestibulo-optokinetic nystagmus resulting due to the inhibitory or enhancing effect of caloric stimulation were measured. The modulation level, i.e. the change of the velocity of the slow component that accompanied the transition of the optokinetic nystagmus to the vestibulo-optokinetic nystagmus, was always less than that of the vestibular nystagmus. This disagrees with the concept about algebraic summation of intensities of the reactions. The modulation level showed a low correlation with the vestibular nystagmus slow component velocity and depended on the optokinetic nystagmus velocity: at 10 degrees/sec the inhibitory effect was smaller than the enhancing one and at 20 degrees/sec the situation was the opposite. At 20 degrees/sec the slow component velocity was twice higher than at 10 degrees/sec. It is therefore suggested that the parameter reflects the level of the residual activity of the optokinetic system which is independent of vestibular afferentation. PMID- 6980324 TI - [Effect of caloric stimulation of the vestibular apparatus on hearing function]. AB - Changes of bone-conduction thresholds for tonal signals (250 and 2000 Hz) in each car due to caloric vestibular tests were studied in 60 healthy test subjects (32 men and 28 women). These changes were found in 48 subjects. In most cases perceptual thresholds decreased (by 7.3 dB on the average) and in few cases increased (by 8.3 dB on the average). The sign of alteration was independent of the tonal vestibular test or the number of examinations. The threshold returned to the norm for a long time (30 min or more). These findings suggest that the interaction may be governed by the principles that function in other sensory systems. It is recommended to carry out audiological examinations prior to vestibular tests in order to avoid distortions of the results. PMID- 6980326 TI - A study of leprosy among urban and rural school children of Andhra Pradesh. PMID- 6980327 TI - Leprosy in urban setting. PMID- 6980328 TI - Estradiol regulation of thymic lymphocyte function in the rat: mediation by serum thymic factors. AB - Estradiol (E2) can depress the function of the thymic lymphocytes. To determine if this response to a gonadal steroid is regulated directly or indirectly, thymic lymphocytes were incubated in vitro for 3 days in the presence of the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) + tissue culture media + 20% specific rat serum fractions and pulse labelled with tritiated thymidine. Rat serum fractions were prepared from control, castrate, thymectomized (Tx) and castrate-Tx animals as well as from similar groups of animals treated in vivo for three days with physiological doses of E2. It was found that there was a significant enhancement of thymocyte blastogenesis in cultures incubated with castrate rat serum + Con A or PHA vs. control serum cultures (P less than 0.001). Direct replacement of E2 to castrate sera in vitro at physiological concentrations failed to depress thymocyte blastogenesis to noncastrate levels. Sera prepared from castrate animals treated with E2 at physiological concentrations was successful in depressing the blastogenic response to noncastrate levels. Sera from Tx animals did not enhance Con A induced blastogenesis, but PHA response was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) This effect was lost utilizing sera from Tx animals treated with E2. It is concluded that thymocyte function is regulated by serum factors which have their origin in the thymus, and that these factors are modulated by a gonadal steroid estradiol. PMID- 6980329 TI - Isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in patients seventy years of age and older: early and late results. AB - Increasing longevity makes the consideration of coronary bypass common in elderly patients. Seventy-five patients 70 years of age or older undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for angina pectoris were compared to a control group of 75 patients under 70 years of age. The groups were matched for male:female ratio (46:29), previous infarction (28/75), unstable angina (27/75), and the requirement for preoperative intra-aortic balloon pumping (7/75). Patients under 70 years of age had an average preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) class of 3.0 +/- 0.6 (SEM) and an average left ventricular end diastolic pressure of 15.5 +/- 0.8 mm Hg, compared to 3.3 +/- 0.6 and 12.9 +/- 1.1 mm Hg, respectively, for the older group. Average grafts per patient were 2.7 +/- 0.8 in the younger group and 2.8 +/- 0.1 in the older group. Overall operative mortality for patients under 70 was 4% (3/75) versus 12% (9/75) (p = 0.06) for patients 70 and older. The incidence of chronic stable angina was 2% (1/48) versus 6% (3/48) (p = 0.30). Perioperative infarctions occurred in 7% of those under 70 and 5% of those 70 or older (p = 0.54). Those under 70 averaged 13.8 +/- 0.6 postoperative hospital days versus 18.4 +/- 1.2 hospital days for the older group (p less than 0.05). Follow-up ranged from 2 to 94 months, averaging 22 months for patients under 70 and 24 months for those 70 or older. Late cardiac mortality rates were 4% (3/70) in the younger patients and 3% (2/66) in the older patients (p = 0.53). Current NYHA class was 1.3 +/- 0.7 for those under 70, with 9% reporting angina, and 1.4 +/- 0.7 for those who were 70 or older, with 6% reporting angina. CABG can be performed with acceptable risk in older patients and leads to encouraging symptomatic improvement and late survival. PMID- 6980330 TI - Early and late postoperative studies in coronary arterial lesions resulting from Kawasaki's disease in children. AB - From October, 1976, to February, 1980, eight children with coronary arterial lesions resulting from Kawasaki's disease underwent surgical treatment--aorta coronary bypass, aorta-coronary bypass combined with right coronary aneurysmectomy, and aorta-coronary bypass combined with left ventricular aneurysmectomy. The autogenous saphenous vein was used for the bypass grafts. Selective angiography preformed 1 month after the operation revealed an early patency rate of 85%. Seven patients are now leading a normal school life, but one patient died suddenly during relatively strenuous exercise 3 years after the operation. Angiography performed in five patients 1 to 3 years after the operation and autopsy examination in one decreased patient revealed the late patency rate to be 56%. The relatively higher attrition rate of the grafts in the later stage might be ascribed to the smaller caliber of the coronary artery and saphenous vein, to possible inflammatory changes in both the graft and coronary arteries, or to unknown metabolic differences between children and adults. PMID- 6980331 TI - Enhanced protection of myocardial function by systemic deep hypothermia during cardioplegic arrest in multiple coronary bypass grafting. AB - The effectiveness of deep systemic hypothermia (20 degrees C) in myocardial protection during aortic cross-clamping was elevated. Seventy-one consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were divided into two groups. In group A (32 patients) systemic temperature was reduced to an average of 26.8 degrees C (range 24 degrees to 28 degrees C) and the amount of cardioplegic solution infused totalled 1,000 to 1,200 cc. In Group B (39 patients) systemic temperature was reduced to an average of 20.8 degrees C (17 degrees to 23 degrees C) and the total amount of cardioplegic solution infused was 100 to 300 cc. The mean number of coronary (distal) anastomoses per patient was 4.46 in Group A and 4.51 in Group B. There were no surgical deaths, perioperative infarcts, or neurologic damage in either group. Postoperative catecholamine dependence was used as an indicator for inadequate myocardial protection. Catecholamine support was required by 18 patients (56.25%) in Group A and two patients (5.13%) in Group B (p less than 0.0001). Patients of both groups who received five or six coronary anastomoses, whose aortic cross-clamp time was 60 minutes or more, and whose preoperative left ventricular ejection fractions were above 50% were compared: Ten of the 11 (91%) in Group A required catecholamine support as opposed to none of the 12 in Group B (p less than 0.0001). No significant difference in the incidence of catecholamine requirement was found between patients of both groups whose aortic cross-clamp time was less than 60 minutes (2/13 patients in Group A and 2/21 patients in Group B), regardless of their preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction. We conclude that when aortic cross-clamp time exceeds 60 minutes, that is, when multiple distal anastomoses are performed, deep systemic hypothermia is a simple and effective method for myocardial preservation. PMID- 6980332 TI - Thromboxane and prostacyclin changes during cardiopulmonary bypass with and without pulsatile flow. AB - Nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass, in patients with coronary artery disease, produces a significant increase in thromboxane, a potent platelet aggregant and putative coronary vasoconstrictor. Pulsatile flow may decrease the incidence of perioperative infarction and the hormonal stress response to bypass. This study assessed the effect of pulsatile blood flow on plasma thromboxane and prostacyclin profiles during cardiopulmonary bypass by serial measurement of their stable metabolites, thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha). Two groups of eight patients each were studied before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Eight patients had routine (nonpulsatile) bypass and eight had pulsatile flow. In the nonpulsatile group, the TxB2 concentration significantly increased during bypass (65 +/- 39 to 1,224 +/- 306 pg/ml, p less than 0.01) and rapidly returned to control. Prostacyclin also rose (53 +/- 20 to 613 +/- 132 pg/ml, p less than 0.01). In the pulsatile group, TxB2 rose during bypass (53 +/- 18 to 693 +/- 130 pg/ml, p less than 0.01), but peak concentration was significantly lower than in the nonpulsatile group (1,224 +/- 306 versus 693 +/- 130 pg/ml, p less than 0.05). Prostacyclin rose sharply during cardiopulmonary bypass in the pulsatile group (53 +/- 22 to 1,033 +/- 136 pg/ml, p less than 0.01) and was higher than in the nonpulsatile group (1,033 +/- 136 versus 325 +/- 33 pg/ml, p less than 0.01). There were no intragroup differences of plasma hemoglobin, hematocrit, or platelet count. These data demonstrate that pulsatile flow significantly alters prostacyclin and thromboxane profiles during cardiopulmonary bypass and favors production of the coronary vasodilator and platelet disaggregant prostacyclin. This may be an important factor in some of the clinical advantages previously reported with this modality. PMID- 6980336 TI - Search for the best schedule for production of non-toxic antithymocyte globulin (ATG). PMID- 6980334 TI - The evaluation of B lymphocyte function in cultures stimulated to immunoglobulin production. PMID- 6980335 TI - The migration inhibition of human T lymphocytes -- immunological and clinical implications. PMID- 6980337 TI - Why pace the pacesetter potential of the small intestine? PMID- 6980338 TI - Age-dependent decline of T-cell cloning potential in mice. AB - Mice spleen cells capable of forming, under stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), single-cell derived colonies in an in vitro soft-agar system, show with advancing age a progressive reduction of their number, which occurs earlier than the decline of PHA response in fluid phase. In addition to their reduced number, old colony-forming T-cells show the same phenomena recorded in fibroblasts; for example, a decrease of their residual in vitro proliferation potential, as measured by the size of the colonies, reached during the culture period. The reduced number of responding units and the decreased colony size seem to be distinct phenomena, since in the immunodeficiency state of hypopituitary dwarf mice only the first defect is observable, whereas the size distribution is normal. Both the reduced number of T-cell colonies and their decreased proliferative potential in vitro observed in old age, can be restored by transplanting a neonatal FTS ("facteur thymique serique")-producing thymus, but not by injecting isolated thymocytes into old mice. A correlation seems to exist between the decline of T-cell colony potential with advancing age and the progressive deterioration of thymic endocrine activity. PMID- 6980340 TI - [Resection-anastomosis of the supra-cardial esophagus for rupture of esophageal varices]. PMID- 6980339 TI - Recovery of age-dependent immunological deterioration in Balb/c mice by short term treatment with L-thyroxine. AB - The progressive decline of immune efficiency with advancing age has been investigated in Balb/c mice by measuring the spleen-cell responsiveness to both T and B-mitogens and the capacity to form plaques after immunization with sheep erythrocytes. While the responsiveness to concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide is not significantly decreased in old mice, the responsiveness to phytohaemagglutinin and the plaque-forming-cell capacity progressively diminish with advancing age. Such a functional decline has been correlated with the age associated deterioration of the neurohormonal balance and particularly with the reduction of thyroxine blood levels. Reconstitution experiments carried out by treating animals of increasing ages with 15 daily injections of L-thyroxine have demonstrated that such a treatment is able to restore the age-related decline of immune efficiency, and that this recovery is associated with the reactivation of the thymic endocrine activity. These data are consistent with the idea that the neurohormonal balance may influence the immune efficiency and that its derangement with advancing age may represent one of the factors responsible for the aging of the immune system. PMID- 6980333 TI - Cell-mediated immunity against connective tissue in experimental pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 6980341 TI - [Aortoduodenal fistula after aortic reconstruction]. PMID- 6980342 TI - [Measurement of temperature and sound pressure in the inner ear during application of the argon-laser (author's transl)]. AB - Laser stapedectomy is looked upon as an operation method which may be less harmful to the inner ear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the course of temperature behind the footplate of isolated human petrous bones while using the Argon Laser. We found that a non-linear relationship exists between the power of the Laser beam, the duration of the impulse and the sudden temperature rise during the impulse. Another, though linear, relationship exists between the energy of the beam and the permanent elevation of temperature in the perilymph during repeated shots. The observation of tiny bubbles beneath the focus on the wall of a plastic tube (which we used as a model for flow studies) led us to assume that the same may be true for the perilymph, too. The bursting of these bubbles was thought to cause a sudden rise of pressure in the inner ear. We were able to measure this Laser-generated sound pressure which reached 59 dB (A) for a beam energy of 1.0 Ws. Very low frequencies, which were not determined by this method, might very well cause damage to the inner ear structures. Finally, we proved that the results found a the isolated petrous bone which we fixed in a 37 degree waterbath can be transferred to in vito conditions: The course of the temperature was investigated in the cochlea of live Guinea pigs and shortly after death without detecting any change of the results. PMID- 6980343 TI - [Physiopathology and clinical aspects of Meniere's disease]. AB - The most prominent changes in temporal bone histopathology of Meniere's disease are hydrops-like extensions of the endolymphatic spaces. The endolymphatic hydrops seems to be the consequence of a diminished function or complete atrophy of the endolymphatic sac. The etiology or pathomechanism of perisaccular fibrosis or saccular degeneration is unknown. But as a consequence of experimental datas obtained by animal studies the pathogenesis of the endolymphatic hydrops can be explained by osmotic active forces which develope within the endolymphatic spaces after blockage of the endolymphatic aqueduct or sac: An increasing concentration of osmotic active endolymphatic components cause an influx of water from the perilymphatic (extracellular) environment so that the limiting membranes of the endolymphatic space have to extend (e.g. Reissner's membrane, saccular membrane). At any topographic location of the endolymphatic spaces these membranes can rupture followed by intermixing of potassium-rich endolymph with sodium rich perilymph. This leads to an acute or chronic intoxication of those sensory nerve elements which have close contact to perilymphatic fluid. The hypothesis of an osmotic induced accumulation of "water' during endolymphatic hydrops is supported by sometime striking results of the glycerol test. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis and etiology of Meniere's disease remains obscure, as indicated by the diverging spectrum of the different conservative or surgical therapeutic methods in use. PMID- 6980344 TI - [Surgery of the larynx with fibrinous tissue glue (author's transl)]. AB - A mucosa-muscle flap is formed by an incision on the level of the equilateral vestibular fold during an endoscopic lateral cordopexy of a paralysed vocal cord. The resulting small cavity allows parts of the arytenoid cartilage and of the vocal muscle to be removed. The mucosa-muscle flap is fixed firmly to the lateral part of the cavity by tissue glue; the mucosal incision on the vestibular fold is sealed by tissue glue too. Frontolateral partial resection of the larynx in cases of unilateral tumors of the vocal cords may be extended by additional resection of the arytenoid cartilage and the posterior part of the vocal cord. Restricted mobility of the vocal cord caused by infiltration of the tumor into the interior laryngeal muscles should be a contraindication for this operation. The resulting defect-- including the former region of the true and false vocal cords with the anterior commissure--is covered by a movable mucosa flap taken from the aryepiglottidean fold and from the entrance of the piriform sinus. The flap is fixed by tissue glue. The wound lips are sealed by tissue glue as well. A postoperative tamponade is not necessary. By using tissue glue, both operations will be done easier, quicker, safer, and last but not least more convenient for the patient. PMID- 6980345 TI - [Risk of hepatitis in fibrin adhesion (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective trial was performed on 146 patients, in whom fibrin tissue adhesive was applied during operations. 130 patients, who had received no fibrin glue, served as a control group, and were submitted to the same examinations as the first group of probands. In both groups we could not see any infections with hepatitis B. PMID- 6980346 TI - [Endolaryngeal surgery using highly concentrated human fibrinogen as tissue adhesive. Further trials with fibrin glue]. AB - The use of an activated human fibrinogen concentrate in endolaryngeal surgery has been performed in 31 cases without the conventional suturing technique. Among the satisfactory results of fibrin gluing in endolaryngeal regions are optimum healing tendency due to haemostasis, lack of tissue irritation and toxicity. Persistence and highly adhesive properties were studied in experimental investigations in the dog following motoric stress of clot-sutured vocal cords. PMID- 6980348 TI - [Description of tinnitus (author's transl)]. AB - Tinnitus is known as a distressing times sequelae of different ear diseases since the ancient. The objective tinnitus by definition is heard by the patient and the investigator. The subjective tinnitus is hearable for the patient only. The character of tinnitus sometimes leads our attention to that place of the passway of hearing where tinnitus is originating. The goal of therapy is to make the tinnitus tolerable at least - if there is no real cure: this means to convert the noncompensated tinnitus to a compensated one. PMID- 6980347 TI - [To the problem of caisson disease in scuba-divers (author's transl)]. AB - 24 amateur SCUBA-divers were submitted to a pendular-rotating test. In 29% a central nystagmus writing (ecriture centrale) was found. Micro-embolies of the brainstem were supposed to have caused these central-vestibular alterations. PMID- 6980349 TI - [Rupture of the round window - a cause of sudden hearing loss (author's transl)]. AB - Rupture of the round window has been mostly described as an occasional lesion with sudden deafness and vertigo after diving, flying and physical stress, usually according to the patient's history. It also seems to be the cause of sudden progressive hearing loss of so-called idiopathic origin as shown by the findings in 6 out of 9 patients with perilymphatic fistulas. Therefore, transtympanic endoscopic evaluation of the round window is performed in the author's clinic as a routine measure in patients with sudden complete deafness or severe progressive loss of hearing even without any pointer to a possible trauma. PMID- 6980350 TI - [The rational treatment of angina pectoris and present state of aortocoronary bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980351 TI - [Basic principles of the surgical treatment of coronary disease]. PMID- 6980352 TI - [Surgical therapy of heart infarction]. PMID- 6980354 TI - [Lymphoid population in refrigerated whole blood]. PMID- 6980353 TI - Surface markers on leukemic blasts and their prognostic significance. PMID- 6980355 TI - Effect of thymosin on human T cell subpopulations. PMID- 6980358 TI - Isolation and mounting of whole vertebrate retinas for optical studies. PMID- 6980359 TI - A field-portable microspectrophotometer. PMID- 6980360 TI - Radioimmunoassay of methotrexate, leucovorin, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. PMID- 6980357 TI - Detergents for extraction of visual pigments: types, solubilization, and stability. PMID- 6980356 TI - Evaluation of bone mass and growth in young diabetics. AB - To determine the relationships among bone mass, bone growth and serum glucose control in young, insulin-dependent diabetics, we performed photon absorptiometry and radiogrammetry on a clinically well-characterized group of 78 diabetics (mean age 15.2 yr, mean duration of diabetes 6.7 yr). Total and ionized calcium (TCa, ICa), magnesium (Mg), immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and phosphorus (P) were measured in fasting serum. Bone age was calculated from hand x-rays; and bone measurements, heights, and weights were standardized against normal groups of corresponding age, sex, and race. Mean deviation of bone mass measurement score was 1.24 SD below the normal mean (p less than .001); mean cortical area score was .22 SD and percent cortical area .25 SD below the normal means (both p less than .05). Radical width and metacarpal width for the diabetics were not less than normal. Mean percentiles for height and weight were 52.3 and 57.1 respectively, the latter significantly elevated (p less than .02). Bone mass and cortical area were inversely related to duration of disease (r = -.228, p less than .05; r = -.216, p less than .05). They were not correlated with serum parameters of mineral metabolism or of glucose control. Bone age was not significantly different from chronological age in those who had not achieved maturity (14.4 versus 14.5 yr). Mean age of menarche was 12.9 yr. When compared to normals the diabetic sample had diminished serum ICa (p less than .001), and Mg (p less than .001), though P and iPTH were not significantly different. We have demonstrated: (1) bone mass in this sample of juvenile diabetics is depressed, without evidence of impaired overall growth or delayed maturation, (2) this reduced bone mass probably results from a failure to gain the normal component of endosteal bone expected at this age, (3) this abnormality in bone growth progresses with disease but does not appear to vary with serum glucose control, and (4) in this population of diabetics there is a minimal but significant reduction in serum total and ionized calcium and serum magnesium without compensatory elevation of parathyroid hormone. The relationship of this metabolic abnormality of impaired bone growth in unknown. PMID- 6980361 TI - Ligand-binding radioassay of N5-methyltetrahydrofolate and its application to N5 formyltetrahydrofolate. PMID- 6980362 TI - Radioimmunoassay of metyrapone and reduced metyrapone. PMID- 6980363 TI - Functional aspects of the ultrastructure of terminal blood vessels: a qualitative study on consecutive segments of the frog mesenteric microvasculature. PMID- 6980364 TI - Properties of methicillin-resistant staphylococci now endemic in Australia. AB - Seventy-eight cultures of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), obtained from Australian hospitals in 1981, were studied to see whether they possessed novel properties responsible for their epidemic spread. In general, these strains resembled MRSA from other countries and were probably derived from them; in particular, they did not survive desiccation better than other staphylococci. The majority of MRSA produced lipases, which might be responsible for their invasiveness, and all produced high amounts of beta-lactamase which hydrolysed each of the isoxazolyl penicillins. This may account for therapeutic failure with cloxacillin of flucloxacillin. Control of this epidemic should rely principally on general measures against the hospital staphylococcus. PMID- 6980365 TI - Stable plasma protein solution. Modern preparation methods reduce risk of untoward reactions. PMID- 6980366 TI - [Still first rate in the treatment of duodenal ulcers: antacids]. PMID- 6980367 TI - [Problems in treatment with non-steroid antirheumatic agents. 2]. PMID- 6980368 TI - [Computer modeling of enzymatic hydrolysis of a linear polysaccharide by endoglycanases]. AB - The kinetics of linear polysaccharide hydrolysis with endoglycanases was studied with the help of computer modelling. Simple hydrolysis of a substrate (polymerization degree 30) -- analogous to beta-1,3-glucan -- laminarin was considered. The theoretical action patterns of several enzymes having active centres with known subsite maps were compared with experimental data for endolaminarinase LIV from Spisula sachalinensis. Analysis of the data obtained revealed some characteristic features in the course of the reaction and showed how to achieve information on the active centres of endoglycanases on the basis of such an action pattern. The method of evaluating maximum distance from the catalytic site to the boundary of the active centre was proposed. PMID- 6980370 TI - Opportunistic infections in prisoners. PMID- 6980369 TI - A reinterpretation of the evidence for an interaction between Clq and pairs of immunoglobulin molecules in an immune lattice. AB - An error in a previous article [Cohen S. (1968) J. Immun. 100, 407-413] was discovered which invalidates it as evidence that IgG immune complexes activate the classical complement pathway by an interaction involving pairs of antibody molecules, so-called doublet formation. The error concerns the correction to be made for the observed 8% residual activity of the modified antibody preparation used. When appropriate correction factors are applied, the data are found not to be consistent with the hypothesis of doublet formation. The analysis presented here has no bearing on the original article's experimental techniques, nor on its demonstration of co-operation between IgG molecules during complement fixation. PMID- 6980371 TI - Increased circulating Ia-bearing T cells in HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 6980373 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6980372 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding after abrupt cessation of propranolol administration in cirrhosis. PMID- 6980374 TI - Recognition of a polymorphic monocyte antigen in HLA. AB - The serological recognition of 'new' gene products of the HLA system can be accomplished by selecting sera with strong leucocyte antibodies and testing these against a panel of cells obtained from donors which are compatible for the known HLA antigens with the antibody producer. This approach, which we termed the HLA CAP approach (compatible with antibody producer), was essential in the recognition of what is now called the HLA-DR locus and of non HLA-linked T-cell subgroups. Using the same technique, we have defined here several sera recognizing a structure on monocytes similar to one of the alleles of the HLA linked PL3 or secondary B-cell (SB) system, so far only recognized by cellular techniques. PMID- 6980376 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency with vascular leakage syndrome and panniculitis. PMID- 6980375 TI - [A case of Salmonella enterocolitis]. PMID- 6980378 TI - [Subtemporal transtentorial approach for posterior fossa lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980377 TI - Molecular weight of circulating immune complexes in patients with glomerulonephritis. AB - The Clq-binding test was used to detect circulating immune complexes in 86 patients with glomerulonephritis at the time of renal biopsy. By gel filtration of the sera it was possible to estimate the molecular weight in 24 of these patients. The molecular weight of circulating immune complexes varied from 150,000 to above 1.2 X 10(6) and was not related to the type of glomerulonephritis as defined by light microscopy, renal function, proteinuria, hematuria or antecedent infections. In 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 5 patients with secondary syphilis and no evidence or renal disease, only circulating immune complexes with a molecular weight below 1.2 X 10(6) were detected. 7 patients with glomerulonephritis had electron-dense deposits in glomeruli on electron microscopy, but the molecular weight of circulating immune complexes was not related to the site of the deposits on either side of the basement membrane. PMID- 6980379 TI - [Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for relieving pain-physiological significance of the 1/f frequency fluctuation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980380 TI - Hemispheric infarction after herpes zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 6980381 TI - [Emergency esophagogastroscopy in upper digestive hemorrhages. Personal experience]. PMID- 6980382 TI - The treatment of bladder calculi by the electrolithotrite (Urat-1). PMID- 6980383 TI - [Past and present medical and biological studies in Italy on microgravity]. AB - Since 1957, Italian workers have been carrying out experiments on the physiological and pathological effects of the weightlessness encountered during space travel. Most of this work has been done at the Air Force Aviation Medicine Study and Research Centre, Rome, while other research has been conducted at the Department of Human Physiology, University of Milan. Various original devices (axis subgravitis tower, triaxial clinostats, etc.) have been devised and constructed to simulate partial and total weightlessness. They have been employed well ahead of actual space flights in investigations of the effects of weightlessness on vestibular function, sensory and muscle coordination, the position of the diaphragm and its adjacent viscera, locomotion, plant growth, rapid adaptation phenomena, etc. One experiment conducted during orbital flight was called Orbiting Frog Otolith. This investigated vestibular function under statis and dynamic conditions in the absence of weight. An Italian three dimensional ballistocardiography experimental project will be conducted during the first Spacelab flight. PMID- 6980384 TI - [Effect of colchicine on the in vitro maturation of frog oocytes as affected by a suspension of hypophysis and progesterone]. AB - The influence of colchicine (250 micrograms/ml) on in vitro oocyte maturation in the frog Rana temporaria was studied. The maturation of oocytes was induced by treatment of the follicles with pituitary suspension or progesterone. The gonadotropin-dependent period upon oocyte maturation in all studied females was shortened under the effect of colchicine. The dose of progesterone required for 50% GVBD in the colchicine-treated follicles of 4 out of 11 females was lower than in the intact follicles, in the other cases the dose was the same. Colchicine did not influence the time of 50% GVBD. PMID- 6980385 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the development of cortex contractility in the frog oocyte]. AB - The intact and isolated cortices of the Rana temporaria oocytes were studied at different stages of maturation by means of electron microscopy. In the isolated cortex of definitive oocyte the microfilaments were concentrated mainly in the microvilli, whereas under the plasma membrane there was only a thin disordered net of microfilaments. At the stage of the germinal vesicle breakdown and in the ovulated oocyte the microfilaments of isolated cortices formed relatively strong randomly distributed bundles under the plasma membrane. When the oocyte surface was cut through, the microfilaments could form oriented bundles only in cases the oocyte cortex was characterized by distinct contractility. PMID- 6980386 TI - [Potentials for crystalline lens development in the corneal epithelium of Rana temporaria tadpoles]. AB - The lens-forming potencies of the corneal epithelium were studied in the Rana temporaria tadpoles. The corneal epithelium isolated from the tadpoles at the 31st-39th developmental stages was implanted in the vitreous body cavity of lens less eyes of the tadpoles of the same species. At the 31st-32nd stages the corneal epithelium is in direct contact with the lens which was separated by means of dissociating agents. The corneal epithelium has lens-forming potencies and preserves them till stage 39 when such potencies are rapidly lost. The data obtained allow to suggest the relative autonomy of the loss of lens-forming potencies by the corneal epithelium. The causes of wide distribution of lens forming potencies in the corneal epithelium of different animal species are discussed. PMID- 6980387 TI - Abrogation of tolerance to lens proteins. II. Allogeneic effect. PMID- 6980390 TI - Effective use of physical modalities. PMID- 6980388 TI - G0/G1 arrest of cell proliferation in the ocular lens prevents development of radiation cataract. PMID- 6980389 TI - Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis. Visual outcome following noninvasive therapy. AB - Staphylococcus epidermidis has been reported with increasing frequency as a cause of bacterial endophthalmitis. Over the past eight years 18 consecutive postsurgical cases have been treated by combined antibiotic-corticosteroid therapy without intravitreal antibiotics or vitrectomy. Fourteen (78%) achieved a final visual acuity of 20/50 or better. When these cases were added to similarly reported cases in the literature, 72% achieved this level of vision. By contrast, 42% of adequately documented cases in the literature treated by intravitreal antibiotics, and 42% treated additionally by vitrectomy, achieved a vision of 20/50 or better. S. epidermidis is an organism with a low order of virulence. The use of intravitreal antibiotics and vitrectomy do not appear to be necessary for effective treatment. PMID- 6980391 TI - [Results of electrostimulation of bone regeneration during the surgical treatment of tibial fractures]. PMID- 6980392 TI - [Disturbances of vestibular function in chronic brucellosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980394 TI - Phytohaemagglutinin reactivity in circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes during a Trypanosoma brucei infection: sequential studies in individual guinea-pigs. AB - This study has analysed the response to phytohaemagglutinin of peripheral blood lymphocytes from guinea-pigs infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. By this means it was possible to follow the response of individual animals throughout an infection. A culture method using whole blood permitted fewer cell manipulations and eliminated the necessity to supplement cultures with heterologous serum. Selection of appropriate strains of T.b. brucei produced a relatively chronic infection in guinea-pigs. Results from this system indicate that, even late in the disease, significant mitogen reactivity still remains in some individuals. More significantly, these mitogen 'responders' controlled successive parasitaemic waves producing a fluctuating parasitaemia whereas the animals showing poor mitogen responsiveness--'non-responders' failed to control successive waves and showed plateau parasitaemias. PMID- 6980395 TI - Histiocytosis X: solitary localization in the sternum of a 2-year-old child. PMID- 6980396 TI - Histiocytosis X with anterior mediastinal mass as its initial manifestation. PMID- 6980393 TI - Ablastin and the control of Trypanosoma musculi infections in mice. PMID- 6980398 TI - [Ulcerative stomatitis and proctosigmoiditis as manifestations of cellular immunity deficiency]. PMID- 6980397 TI - Increased excretion of modified adenine nucleosides by children with adenosine deaminase deficiency. AB - We have identified seven adenine nucleosides in urines of untreated adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient patients, four of which (adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, 1-methyladenosine and N6-methyladenosine) have been previously identified in urines of normals and/or ADA deficient patients. We confirm that ADA deficient patients excrete markedly increased amounts of 2'-deoxyadenosine (582 +/- 363 versus normal of less than 0.1 nmoles/mg creatinine) and increased amounts of adenosine (29.4 +/- 5.7 versus normal of 4.12 +/- 1.0 nmoles/mg creatinine). We have found three modified adenine nucleosides previously undetected in human urine. These three compounds are 2'-O-methyladenosine, N6, 2'-O-dimethyladenosine and an as yet incompletely characterized modified adenine nucleoside, R adenosine. Only ADA deficient patients excrete detectable amounts of 2'-O methyladenosine (2.1 +/- 1.1 versus normal of less than 0.1 nmoles/ mg creatinine), whereas both normals and ADA deficient children excrete N6, 2'-O dimethyladenosine and R-adenosine. However, ADA deficient patients do excrete increased amounts of R-adenosine (5.5 +/- 1.0 versus normal of 1.4 +/- 0.4 nmoles/mg creatinine). PMID- 6980401 TI - Extrahypothalamic distribution of CRF-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain. AB - CRF-like immunoreactivity was measured by radioimmunoassay in the brains of normal adult rats and found to be widely distributed in extrahypothalamic areas (e.g., thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, frontal cerebral cortex, striatum, midbrain, pons-medulla and cerebellum) at levels approximately 10% of the hypothalamus. Sephadex G-50 gel filtration reveals that CRF-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus coelutes with synthetic ovine CRF and is also present in the void volume. However, in the extrahypothalamic areas of the rat brain, only CRF like immunoreactivity that coelutes with synthetic ovine CRF was detected. High performance liquid chromatography revealed equal amounts of immunoreactivity coeluting with CRF and methionine sulfoxide CRF in hypothalamic extracts. PMID- 6980400 TI - A diffusion survey of coronary precautions. AB - A national survey of a stratified random sample (n = 240) of accredited hospitals with critical care units (CCU) was conducted in order to describe the current practice of restrictions imposed upon myocardial infarction (MI) patients. A cross-sectional correlational survey with a two-stage mailing was used. The first stage mailing, at the institutional level, was sent to the head nurses of the CCU's. The second-stage mailing was to two randomly selected nurses plus the head nurse from each responding CCU (n = 600). Nurses were requested to give (a) importance and frequency ratings of selected coronary care nursing practices; (b) information about the use of discontinuance of two specific restrictions: ice water and rectal temperature measurement. Follow-ups by mail and/or telephone yielded response rates of about 87 percent for each stage of mailing. The conceptual framework "Diffusion of Innovations" was used to assess the diffusion of the results of studies published in clinical journals. Despite findings that cast doubt on the practices of restricting ice water and rectal temperature measurement, coronary precautions are commonly practiced. Hours spent reading and the number of journals read correlate (p less than .001) with greater levels of awareness in nurses that such restrictions are in question. Levels of awareness are not related to the importance and frequency ratings for those restrictions. Differences among nurses do not explain differences in ratings. If research is to be used, nurse researchers and managers need to actively intervene in care. Passive diffusion of research results is inadequate, unsure, and slow. PMID- 6980399 TI - [Idiopathic hemorrhage of the gastric mucosa requiring total gastrectomy]. PMID- 6980402 TI - Epidemiology of Psychopathology in old age. Some implications for clinical services. PMID- 6980405 TI - Causes of ano-rectal bleeding. PMID- 6980406 TI - The infected eye. PMID- 6980403 TI - [T and B lymphocytes in workers exposed to mechanical vibration and noise]. PMID- 6980404 TI - Tranexamic acid therapy in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6980408 TI - The red-green blind eye. PMID- 6980407 TI - The rheumatic eye. PMID- 6980409 TI - Eyelid problems. PMID- 6980410 TI - [glycerol-induced changes of the rosette-forming ability of peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes of donors]. PMID- 6980411 TI - Effect of position of wisdom teeth on the visible plaque index and gingival bleeding index. PMID- 6980413 TI - Antigen presentation by Ia+ B cell hybridomas to H-2-restricted T cell hybridomas. AB - The Ia+, H-2d BALB/c lymphoma cell line L10.A 2J was fused to T cell-depleted spleen cells from mouse strains bearing other H-2 haplotypes. A portion of the selected hybrids expressed Ia antigens of the normal spleen cell partner in the fusion as evidenced by their presentation of various antigens to a set of antigen specific I-region-restricted T cell hybridomas. Three cloned hybrids were studied in detail. Antigen presentation was shown to be inhibited specifically by monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies. Both I-A and I-E molecules were expressed, including in the one case examined hybrid I-A and I-E molecules between the H-2d and H-2b haplotypes. These Ia+ B cell hybridomas provide a useful set of tools for studying the role of I-region-encoded molecules in antigen presentation to T cells. PMID- 6980414 TI - Long-term culture of B lymphocytes and their precursors from murine bone marrow. AB - Growth of mature B cells and their precursors from mouse bone marrow was maintained in culture for greater than 1 year. Feeder layers of adherent bone marrow cells, established in medium containing fetal calf serum and no exogenous steroids, were used to provide an in vitro environment that supported continuous growth and development of these cells. In such bone marrow cultures, the number of cells bearing membrane immunoglobulin increased gradually for 4 wk and then decreased. Between 10 and 14 wk, some of the cultures gave rise to continuously dividing B-cell populations that contained pre-B cells (producing mu heavy chains only and sensitive to transformation by Abelson murine leukemia virus) as well as mature B cells (synthesizing both light and heavy chains of IgM). Immunoglobulin molecules synthesized by cells in these populations were heterogeneous in two dimensional gel analysis. This suggests that mature B cells arose via maturation of pre-B cells in the cultures that involved rearrangement and expression of different variable region gene segments. PMID- 6980412 TI - Murine T cell-specific Ia antigens: monoclonal antibodies define an I-A-encoded T lymphocyte structure. AB - T lymphocytes express a unique I-A subregion-controlled surface molecule that is not expressed on B lymphocytes. We produced antisera and monoclonal antibodies recognizing this structure. Exhaustive B cell adsorption (A.TH X B10.HTT)F antiserum, produced against activated A.TL T cells, left antibodies that bind an I-Ak specificity on some B10.A(4R) T lymphocytes (11 +/- 2%, mean +/- SEM). Similarly, exhaustive B cell adsorption of (A/J X B10.MBR)F antiserum, produced against activated B10.A(5R) cells, left antibodies specific for an I-Ab determinant on B10.A(5R)T cells (17 +/- 2%). We fused A.TL-immune (A.TH X B10.HTT)F splenocytes with NS-1 myeloma cells and identified antibody-producing hybrid cells by a fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent microassay described herein. Eight monoclonal antibodies were selected; these lyse 7--26% of peripheral T cells from I-Ak strains. Thymocytes and bone marrow cells do not express the I-Ak T cells determinant. Exhaustive B cell adsorption did not remove I-Ak T cell-specific monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6980415 TI - Specific recognition of the product of a transferred major histocompatibility complex gene by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Mouse L cells transfected with a genomic clone containing the H-2Ld gene (8-5 cells) were shown to function as targets for H-2Ld-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The CTL-mediated lysis of 8-5 cells was shown to be H-2Ld specific by the use of (i) CTL with restricted reactivity, (ii) unlabeled target inhibiton, and (iii) monoclonal antibody inhibiton. We also demonstrated that 8-5 cells could function as targets for antibody-plus-complement-mediated cell lysis. Specificity was confirmed by using H-2Ld-specific monoclonal antibodies. These experiments demonstrate that the gene products of a major histocompatibility complex genomic clone can be functionally expressed in a foreign cell and can mediate immunologically specific cellular interactions. PMID- 6980416 TI - Evidence in support of a self-perpetuating HLA-DR-dependent delayed-type cell reaction in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Originating from observations on similarities between the rheumatoid synovial tissue and skin lesions in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions--similarities as to massive infiltrates of "helper" T lymphocytes close to HLA-DR-expressing macrophage/dendritic cells--a notion is formed on the importance of local macrophage-dependent helper T-cell activation in the rheumatoid joint similar to that in a delayed-type skin reaction. In vitro studies on suspended synovial cells have been used to test and qualify these ideas. It is shown that (i) HLA-DR expressing cells in normal synovial intima can, like epidermal Langerhans cells, mediate T-cell activation; (ii) the large numbers of rheumatoid synovial HLA-DR expressing macrophage-like/dendritic cells are heterogeneous and mediate either efficient activation or suppression of T-lymphocyte proliferation, and (iii) specificity of rheumatoid T cells can be analyzed with the help of autologous synovial antigen-presenting cells; a specific anti-collagen type II response is reported in three patients. PMID- 6980417 TI - Phenotyping of cytochromes P-450 in human tissues with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Cytochrome P-450 (P-450)-dependent aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHHase) and 7 ethoxycoumarin deethylase (ECDEtase) in human tissues were differentially inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that were prepared to inhibit and completely inhibited the activity of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver P 450. The AHHase and ECDEtase of placentas from individual women who smoked were inhibited by the MAbs by 83-90% and by 34-74%, respectively. Benz[a]anthracene (BaA)-induced AHHase and ECDEtase in lymphocytes were inhibited 18-65% and 30 78%, respectively. The enzymes in both control and BaA-induced human cells in culture were inhibited to different extents. Both the AHHase and ECDEtase in control and BaA-induced monocytes and in normal liver were largely unaffected by the MAb. Thus, we have with the MAbs: (i) identified P-450s with a common antigenic site in placenta, lymphocytes, and human cells in culture; (ii) identified two forms of hydrocarbon-induced P-450s in lymphocytes, at least one of which is common with the induced P-450s of placenta and with a P-450 form present in uninduced lymphocytes; (iii) identified two forms of P-450 responsible for smoking-induced ECDEtase activity in placenta, one of which is also responsible for AHHase activity; (iv) shown that the P-450s of liver, basal, and BaA-induced monocytes are different from the MAb-sensitive P-450s of placenta and lymphocytes; (v) quantitated in several human tissues the percentages of control and inducible AHHase and ECDEtase that are dependent on the MAb-sensitive P-450; and (vi) defined by HPLC the contribution of the MAb-sensitive P-450 to the formation of specific benzo[a]-pyrene metabolites. The results demonstrate the value of MAbs for defining antigenic site relatedness for different enzymatic functions of P-450s and for identifying and quantifying the amount of a specific enzyme activity in a tissue dependent on specific P-450s. This study may be a prototype for the use of MAbs for phenotyping and mapping of P-450s responsible for specific metabolic reactions and, thus, may be useful in determining the relationship of P-450 phenotype to individual differences in drug metabolism and carcinogen susceptibility. PMID- 6980418 TI - Epidermal growth factor carrier protein binds to cells via a complex with released carried protein nexin. AB - Epidermal growth factor carrier protein (CP) is an arginine endopeptidase bound to epidermal growth factor (EGF) in vivo that processes pro-EGF to EGF and potentiates EGF action. Here, we provide a base for studying the biological functions of CP by showing that highly purified 125I-labeled CP, free of contaminating EGF, is specifically bound and internalized by normal human fibroblasts in serum-free medium. The characteristics of the binding reaction, however, were unusual and not consistent with direct interaction of CP with cell surface receptors. Subsequent experiments showed that cellular binding of 125I labeled CP was mediated via a cell-secreted protein. We named the protein carrier protein nexin (CPN) because of its close functional similarity to protease nexin, which mediates cellular binding of thrombin or urokinase. Both CPN and protease nexin are secreted by cells, form covalent complexes with regulatory proteases in the extracellular environment, and mediate cellular binding of these proteases, apparently via a cell surface receptor for the nexin moiety of the complex. By several criteria, however, CPN and protease nexin are unique entities. This finding of a specific interaction of a growth factor carrier protein with cells suggests the possibility of additional physiological functions for these carriers in growth factor action or metabolism or both. PMID- 6980421 TI - On the mechanics of mucociliary flows. II. A fluorescent tracer method for obtaining flow velocity profiles in mucus. PMID- 6980419 TI - Long-term human cytolytic T-cell lines allospecific for HLA-DR6 antigen are OKT4+. AB - Human allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte lines were established by weekly stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with allogeneic Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines in the presence of interleukin 2. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte lines were stimulated by either JY (which expresses HLA A,B and -DR) or Daudi (which expresses HLA-DR but not -A,B antigens). Specificity of the effector cell lines was determined by antibody blocking and by patterns of cytolysis against a panel of target cell lines. The phenotype of the effector cells was identified by both negative (antibody and complement lysis) and positive (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) selection. The anti-JY lines only recognized targets bearing HLA-A2, B7 antigens and were composed exclusively of OKT4-8+ effector cells. The anti-Daudi lines, on the other hand, specifically recognized targets bearing DR6 and eventually contained only OKT4+8- cells. Thus, stimulation by Daudi cells can result in the generation of OKT4+ CTL lines that are allospecific for DR6 antigen. PMID- 6980420 TI - Interactions between molecules (subfactors) released by different T cell sets that yield a complete factor with biological (suppressive) activity. AB - T cells that have been immunized to express optimal levels of contact hypersensitivity upon adoptive transfer to normal animals can be inhibited from doing so by incubating them with an antigen-specific T suppressor factor. This factor is composed of at least two subunits which come from cells expressing different Ly phenotypes; an antigen-specific antigen-binding "subfactor" is made by an Ly-1 cell and a non-antigen-binding one is made by an Ly-2 cell. Neither of these cells nor their products express detectable amounts of major histocompatibility gene products. The mode of immunization plays an important role in determining which of these subfactors will be produced. Painting the skin with a reactive hapten immunizes Ly-1 cells that secrete antigen-binding material, whereas intravenous injection of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid activates Ly-2 cells to produce a second subunit that does not see antigen. There is reason to believe that the molecule that does not bind to antigen does have some antigen specificity. An analysis of the data at hand suggests that the antigen specificity stems from an interaction of the two subunits described with yet another subunit and that biological activity is dependent upon three macromolecules. Thus, the complex level of cellular interactions that regulate immunity may also be reflected in a similar type of complexity in the interaction between their biologically active cell-free products. PMID- 6980422 TI - Serum complement (C'3a and C'5)-induced inhibition of rabbit tracheal cilia. PMID- 6980423 TI - Disposition of the diastereoisomer of mefloquine in mice. AB - The disposition of the diastereoisomer of mefloquine, WR 177,602 . HCl, was examined over a 168-hour period after 10 mg/kg of the 14C-labeled drug was administered orally to female albino ICR mice. This drug was absorbed readily. 2 h after dosing, the drug was distributed throughout the animal body with a large percent of the administered dose found in the eyes, submaxillary salivary glands, lungs, spleen, liver, gallbladder plus bile, kidney and carcasses. The elimination half-life of the unmetabolized WR 177,602 in plasma was estimated to be 16.1 h. The major route of excretion of the drug was via the feces (70%), with 23% in the urine 168 h. The elimination half-lives of the unmetabolized drug in urine and feces were 8.0 and 6.9 h, respectively. The disposition of WR 177,602 . HCl was similar to its erythrodiastereoisomer in female mice. PMID- 6980424 TI - Sagittal knife cuts in the near and far lateral preoptic area-hypothalamus disrupt maternal behaviour in female hamsters. AB - Parasagittal knife cuts with a varied mediolateral position were placed along the medial preoptic-medial anterior hypothalamic continuum (MPOA-MAH) in female hamsters. Near lateral (NL) knife cuts severed mediolateral connections between the MPOA-MAH and the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) while far lateral cuts (FL) were placed more laterally, sparing MPOA-MAH connections with the MFB. Across the knife cut condition, hamsters were either allowed to construct and maintain a food hoard or allowed to feed ad lib but not permitted to hoard. Animals were then tested for maternal behaviours. Both NL and FL cuts disrupted pup-directed behaviours in virgin maternal tests. NL, but not FL cuts severely disrupted nest building. These same animals were then mated and tested for maternal behaviour with their own young. There were no differences among the experimental groups in various maternal behaviours during these tests. Throughout lactation, however, the majority of NL and FL hamsters not permitted to hoard progressively cannibalized their entire litters. NL and FL counterparts with the hoarding opportunity, on the other hand, cannibalized fewer pups and reared healthy, moderate-sized litters that were smaller than those of surgical controls. That FL cuts were just as effective as NL cuts in disrupting pup-directed behaviour suggests that the mediolateral connections of the MPOA-MAH, other than with the MFB, are important for these behaviours. PMID- 6980425 TI - Diaphragmatic pacing. A new procedure for high spinal cord lesions. PMID- 6980426 TI - [Trend of sensitivity of H. influenzae to ampicillins during 1973-1981 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980427 TI - [Analysis of clinical picture and evaluation of pulmonary emphysema in patients with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980429 TI - Pulse microwave effects on nerve vitality. PMID- 6980428 TI - The lens epithelium and radiation cataract. III. The influence of age on the nuclear fragmentation of the meridional row cells following X irradiation. PMID- 6980430 TI - Gas meatography and CT scanning. PMID- 6980431 TI - [Changed diagnostic strategy for tumors of the cerebellar bulbar angle by computer tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980433 TI - Modern aspirin substitutes (non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs). PMID- 6980432 TI - Computed tomography of intramural hematoma of the small intestine: a report of 3 cases. AB - CT findings in 3 cases of intramural hematoma of the small intestine are described. One patient needed surgery. CT characteristics were specific and included a region of increased density (50-80 H) representing the hematoma. The differential diagnosis includes tumor (lymphoma or melanoma) and inflammatory disease (Crohn disease or pancreatic cyst). PMID- 6980434 TI - Impaired capacity of the macrophages of newborn mice for T-lymphocyte activation by phytohemagglutinin. AB - The level of collaboration in phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced lymphoblastic response by the macrophage of neonatal mice was studied. The results show a diminished response to the mitogen (PHA) when lymphocytes from the spleen of syngeneic adult mice were incubated in the presence of macrophages from neonatal mice as compared to those obtained from cultures performed in the presence of macrophages from adult mice. In both cases the highest response corresponded to the lowest dose of PHA and the lowest amount of macrophages used. PMID- 6980435 TI - [Drug allergy in children]. PMID- 6980438 TI - [Immersion in clinic medicine. An example of balneotherapy in rheumatology: hot fountain cures]. PMID- 6980436 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin genetic phenotypes in a group of children suffering from pulmonary diseases. AB - Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT), the main protease inhibitor of human sera, was studied in a group of 88 children suffering from different pulmonary diseases, with the hope that some of the potential victims of chronic obstructive lung diseases can be identified in time. AAT genetic phenotypes were determined using acid agarose gel electrophoresis, followed by crossed antigen-antibody electrophoresis in agarose gel. Identification of the banding patterns revealed 10.2% of AAT variants. 4.54% of the patients were MZ, 3.40% were MS and 89.77% were MM. During this study, 1 FF and 1 MV subject were also found. All AAT variants were in the group of younger children, under 6 years of age. PMID- 6980437 TI - [Composition of transforming DNA of Haemophilus influenzae irradiated with near ultraviolet light]. PMID- 6980439 TI - [500 aortocoronary bypasses: return to work, morbidity, mortality]. PMID- 6980440 TI - [Beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria and their role in resistance to betalactam antibiotics]. PMID- 6980441 TI - [Introduction to immunology. 1. Normal immunologic response]. PMID- 6980442 TI - [Blakemore's tube]. PMID- 6980443 TI - The relationship between disease activity, immunoglobulins and lymphocyte sub populations in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Fifteen patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (ESR greater than 30 mm/h and persistent well-defined symptomatology) and 15 patients with inactive ankylosing spondylitis were studied to investigate the effect of disease activity on T and B cell numbers, plasma viscosity (PV), C reactive protein (CRP) and immunoglobulins. The ability of patients' sera to inhibit normal T cell rosette formation was also assessed. We were able to confirm the close correlation of CRP and PV with clinical disease activity, but were unable to confirm the previously reported T lymphopoenia in ankylosing spondylitis in either of our disease groups. There was no evidence of a serum factor capable of inhibiting T cell rosette formation. B cell numbers, IgG and IgA levels were significantly higher in the active disease group, reflecting increased activity in the humoral immune system during active phases of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6980444 TI - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation in rheumatoid neuropathy. PMID- 6980446 TI - Enhancement of human B lymphocyte differentiation in vitro by thyroid hormone. AB - A study was made of the regulatory influence of a thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), on human blood T- and B-lymphocytes responses in vitro. Blood lymphocytes were stimulated with the T-cell mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), with the T-dependent B-cell activator pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and with the T-independent B-cell activator Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I bacteria in the presence of various hormone concentrations. T3 did not stimulate T-cell proliferation. The number of immunoglobulin-containing and secreting cells (plasmablasts) was increased in PWm and Staph. aureus cultures treated with T3. The maximal enhancement was reached at a concentration of 10(-9) 10(-7) M T3. Cell fractionation techniques revealed that T3 apparently had a direct stimulatory effect on B-cell differentiation. PMID- 6980445 TI - Induction of E-rosette-promoting factor in human plasma by levamisole: an assessment in a patient with partial DiGeorge syndrome. AB - A male infant with partial DiGeorge syndrome responded to weekly administration of levamisole (2.5 mg/kg of body weight) with an increase of circulating E rosette-forming T cells. Thymic hormone activity in plasma appeared to be elevated to a near-normal level of 11.6 ng thymopoietin equivalent/ml after levamisole administration. The in vitro incubation studies indicated that levamisole by itself had no E-rosette-promoting ability, but a dialysable and relatively heat-stable plasma factor induced by levamisole both in the patient and in healthy individuals had E-rosette-promoting activity for the patient's lymphocytes. Such a plasma factor, however, could not be induced in all four thymectomized myasthenic subjects examined, suggesting a thymus-dependent nature of the plasma factor. These results suggest that levamisole might mediate an increased secretion of humoral factor(s) with E-rosette-promoting activity, even from such a rudimentary thymus as in the partial DiGeorge syndrome. PMID- 6980447 TI - Interleukin-2 and serum thymic factor enable autologous rosette-forming T lymphocytes to generate helper and cytotoxic functions. AB - The autologous rosette-forming T cells (Tar cells) isolated by means of their ability to form rosettes with autologous erythrocytes were characterized by the use of OKT monoclonal anti-human T-cell subset antibodies and a monoclonal anti HLA-DR antibody. We found that the phenotype of Tar cells was OKT 3+4+8+Dr- as determined by both indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and complement-mediated killing of 51Cr-labelled Tar cells. In addition, we found that Tar lymphocytes were able to develop cytotoxicity against allogeneic and trinitrophenol (TNP) conjugated autologous target cells in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or serum thymic factor. However, these cells showed little or nor cytotoxicity in the absence of interleukin-2 or serum thymic factor. Tar lymphocytes generated helper function for B lymphocytes in the presence of interleukin-2 in both pokeweed mitogen (PWM)- and purified protein derivative (PPD)-stimulated cultures. Nevertheless, non-IL-2-treated Tar cells did not exhibit any helper activity on B cells. Finally, pretreatment of Tar cells with 1000-1500 rad of X ray made these cells unable to develop helper function for B lymphocytes. It is concluded that: (1) OKT 3+4+8+Dr- Tar cells are able to generate cytotoxicity against alloantigens and TNP-labelled self structures provided they are stimulated by IL-2 or serum thymic factor; (2) these cells need both to proliferate and to receive help from IL-2 to develop helper cells capable of assisting B-lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells in both PWM- and PPD stimulated cultures. PMID- 6980448 TI - An analysis of the lymphocytotoxic activity found in sera from patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. AB - Sera from 59 patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia (hypogamma) were assessed for lymphocytotoxic activity. The activity was compared with that found in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in titre, class of antibody, target cell, and complement requirements. Sera from patients with hypogamma showed cytotoxic activity when compared with sera from normal donors; however, the activity was far less than that in sera from SLE patients, The cytotoxic titre of both hypogamma and SLE sera was greater against T cells than non-T cells. Sera showing activity could be used to sensitize lymphocytes and render them susceptible to subsequent lysis, but IgM was not detectable on the surface of the sensitized cells. Following sucrose density gradient fractionation of the sera the lymphocytotoxic activity was recovered in those fractions that contained IgM. Lymphocytotoxic activity was dependent on classical complement pathway activity. In all the experiments the hypogamma sera showed the same pattern of activity as the SLE sera, but the activity was always far weaker than that found in SLE sera. The evidence does not suggest that lymphocytotoxicity is likely to be more important in the pathogenesis of hypogamma. PMID- 6980449 TI - One third of murine splenic T cells are cytotoxic precursors induced to grow by leucoagglutinin and TCGF. PMID- 6980450 TI - Unicellular or multicellular origin of human T-lymphocyte colonies in soft agar? AB - Human peripheral lymphocytes were cultivated in soft agar or agarose, containing 3H-thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), which is an analogue of thymidine readily incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid by lymphocytes. Colonies were isolated and analysed by autoradiography or stained with the fluorescence-plus Giemsa technique, which identifies cells that have passed one, two, three, or more replication cycles with incorporation of BrdU. Colonies contained cells in their first and second division cycle together with later generations. The labelling index was very high. Consequently, it was concluded that, at least without special precautions being taken, lymphocyte colonies in semi-liquid medium are likely to grow through recruitment of mobile cells as well as through divisions within the colonies. Thus, T-cell growth in gels seems to be a matter of recognition between activated blast cells rather than monoclonal growth. PMID- 6980451 TI - Recurrent Staphylococcal furunculosis: lymphocyte subsets and plasma immunoglobulins. PMID- 6980452 TI - [A survey of the current knowledge of the possibilities and application of noninvasive polygraphic examinations. Measurement of systolic and diastolic time intervals in the left ventricle]. PMID- 6980453 TI - [Chronic hepatitis in children. Part A: Levels and movement of immunoglobulins of the major groups]. PMID- 6980454 TI - [Chronic hepatitis in children. Part B: Cellular immunity in chronic childhood hepatitis]. PMID- 6980455 TI - [The shallow vestibule in children]. PMID- 6980456 TI - [Causes of the cubital tunnel denervation syndrome and its surgical treatment]. PMID- 6980457 TI - [Use of the SR-56A Texas Instruments pocket calculator. I. Regression lines for the quantitative determination of immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6980458 TI - [Use of the SR-56A Texas Instruments pocket calculator. II. Differential white blood cell count]. PMID- 6980459 TI - Cross-sectional study of pulmonary function in cadmium alloy workers. AB - Two groups of cadmium workers (7 and 9 men) and a group of reference workers (122 men) were studied for the purpose of determining the pulmonary effects of cadmium. Indices of pulmonary function, based on the forced expiratory flow volume curve and respiratory impedance, were measured for all the groups, and indicators of cadmium exposure and effects on renal tubular reabsorption functions were also measured in the two groups of cadmium workers. The mean blood and urinary levels of cadmium were 2.08 microgram/100 ml (185.06 nmol/l) and 32.6 microgram/l (290.04 nmol/l), respectively, and the level of inhalation exposure was estimated at about 1 mg/m3 as the 8-h average concentration for about 5 a in the high exposure group. The percentage of the predicted function values of the highly exposed workers was significantly deteriorated for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0), peak expiratory flow, maximum expiratory flow at 75, 50, and 25% of the FVC, percentage of FEV1.0 to FVC, and respiratory impedance, whereas those of the slightly exposed workers were reduced only for FVC and FEV1.0. A paired comparison between the highly exposed workers and matched referents disclosed the same results. It was concluded that chronic obstructive pulmonary changes had been induced by cadmium in Japanese workers without a history of acute or subacute cadmium pneumonitis. PMID- 6980460 TI - Significance of cross-sectional surveys in occupational epidemiology. AB - This communication discusses the possibility of cross-sectional occupational surveys concealing real occupational risks. For example, occupational factors constitute only one of the etiologic determinants of multifactorial diseases. In addition the diversity of industrial processes leads to a dispersion of risks, and it is difficult to avoid sampling biases both for cases and for referents. The conclusion is drawn that only after several surveys, conducted by different groups and under different circumstances, have shown no risk for a certain occupational factor can such results be considered valid. PMID- 6980462 TI - Design options in epidemiologic research. An update. PMID- 6980461 TI - Occupational mortality and morbidity in relation to selective turnover. AB - Because of the "healthy worker effect" most occupational cohorts, especially those of persons doing physically heavy work, are selected groups with regard to life expectancy. Health selection is also involved in turnover. Mortality and morbidity were studied on three different exposure levels, defined primarily according to physical demands: heavy level (iron foundries), medium level (manufacture of metal products), and light level (manufacture of electrical devices). The population comprised about 15,700 men who were employed in 1950 1976 in the three branches of the metal industry representing the different levels. The number of person-years of follow-up became about 215,800. During the period 1950-1978, there had occurred 1,407 deaths. Data for the mortality and disability analyses were obtained from the national death and disability registers. Occupational history, morbidity, and reasons for turnover were studied in a sample by means of questionnaire sent to 400 current and 600 former workers from each branch. In addition, a questionnaire concerning occupational history was sent to the next of kin of 450 dead persons. When the three cohorts were compared to the general male population of Finland, the standardized mortality ratio was 124 for the foundry workers, 92 for the metal product workers, and 107 for the electrical workers. The survival curves showed no great differences between the three exposure levels. However, the heavy level had the highest degree of mortality, and the medium level the lowest. Foundry workers showed less social selection than the two other cohorts. Metal product workers seemed to be socially and health selected. Economic fluctuations clearly regulated entries of new employees into the industries and thus introduced additional selective features. PMID- 6980463 TI - [Caring for heart surgery patients]. PMID- 6980464 TI - Kinetic studies of haemopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-C) and T-lymphocytes in the liver of human foetus. AB - In the development of human foetus, liver is an important haemopoietic organ. We have determined the liver weight and total hepatic nucleated cells from 24 foetuses on the one hand, and CFU-C yield, total number of CFU-C and T lymphocytes in liver from 22 foetuses of different ages on the other. From the kinetic observations through the early developmental period of the foetuses, the maximum yield of CFU-C or the total number of CFU-C in the liver occurs at 4-5 months of gestation; during the first 5 months of gestation the percentage of T lymphocytes in the liver is about 1-2%. PMID- 6980465 TI - Mortality and air pollution - lessons from statistics. AB - This paper reviews cross sectional studies which attempt to link persistent geographic differences in mortality rates with air pollution. Some early studies are mentioned and detailed results are given from seven major contemporary studies, two of which are still in the publication process. Differences among the studies are discussed with regard to statistical techniques, trends in the results over time (1959-1974), and interpretation and use of the results. The analysis concludes that there are far too many problems with this technique to allow causality to be firmly established, and thus the results should not be used for cost benefit or policy analysis. PMID- 6980466 TI - Sources of northeast pollution. AB - In the article, "Amplification and adaptation in regulatory and sensory systems" by D. E. Koshland, Jr., A. Goldbeter, and J. B. Stock (16 July, p. 220), the following errors should be corrected. On page 221, the ordinate on figure 1 was incorrect. The correct figure is given below. On page 223, in the first column, 23 lines from the bottom, the number 9 should be replaced by the number 7. [See Figure in the PDF file] PMID- 6980467 TI - Transformation of human leukocytes by cocultivation with an adult T cell leukemia virus producer cell line. AB - The transmission of adult T cell leukemia virus, a human retrovirus, into fresh leukocytes from normal humans was examined. One of three virus-carrying cell lines, tested after being subjected to lethal x-irradiation, consistently transformed leukocytes from adult peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood. All the transformed cell lines expressed adult T cell leukemia virus-associated antigen, but transformed lines originating from adult and umbilical cord blood exhibited T cell and non-T, non-B cell surface natures, respectively. Efforts to transform human leukocytes with cell-free virus were unsuccessful. PMID- 6980469 TI - The relationship between incidence and prevalence. PMID- 6980470 TI - [Surgery for breast hypertrophy and ptosis]. PMID- 6980471 TI - [Insertion of the prosthesis for breast hypotrophy]. PMID- 6980468 TI - The changes with age of the anatomical distribution of fat. AB - During adolescence and the third decade of life a redistribution of bodily fat is occurring away from the extremities towards the trunk. During this time the process is occurring in both sexes although more rapidly in males than females, hence it is a masculinizing process. The process is seen in human populations from various ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Masculinizing characteristics like this one are predictors of chronic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis late in life. The period from adolescence through young adulthood may be a sensitive time for the development of characteristics that predispose one to the chronic diseases of aging. Socioanthropological investigations of chronic disease related to human obesity may benefit by focusing on this developmental period. PMID- 6980472 TI - [Plastic and reconstructive surgery of the breast. A frequent operation]. PMID- 6980473 TI - [Plastic surgery of breast cancer]. PMID- 6980474 TI - [The nurse anesthetist in esthetic surgery of the breast]. PMID- 6980475 TI - [Morphology and anatomy of the breast]. PMID- 6980476 TI - [Role of the circulating nurse and the preparation of the operating room in plastic breast surgery]. PMID- 6980477 TI - [The role of the nurse and patient admission in case of esthetic surgery of the breast]. PMID- 6980478 TI - [Gastroduodenal ulcer disease: improved physiological knowledge for improved therapy]. PMID- 6980479 TI - [Operative results of interventions for breast hypertrophy and ptosis]. PMID- 6980480 TI - [Diet in the immediate postop period of gastrointestinal surgery]. PMID- 6980481 TI - [Febrile nephritic colic: an often overwhelming emergency]. PMID- 6980482 TI - [Breast hypertrophy and ptosis. Basic findings]. PMID- 6980483 TI - [Immunologic reactivity of patients with acute and chronic pneumonias]. PMID- 6980484 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in patients with benign tumors and tumor-like formations of ovaries]. PMID- 6980485 TI - [Radiographic picture of atypical pneumonia and tuberculin test in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis in childhood]. PMID- 6980487 TI - [Myocardial revascularization using the aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6980486 TI - [Results of aortocoronary bypass in unstable angina pectoris]. PMID- 6980488 TI - [Sideropenic anemia after stomach resection]. PMID- 6980489 TI - Criticisms of exercise after heart attack--variations on an old theme? AB - In many countries it is accepted medical practice for selected patients to undertake carefully prescribed programmes of physical exercise after acute myocardial infarction or coronary bypass surgery. This situation has evolved despite considerable initial and ongoing medical resistance, some of which is now surfacing in this country. The most popular criticisms of exercise programmes for cardiac patients are that such programmes are unsafe, do not provide any medical benefit and are too costly, and that there are insufficient facilities and trained personnel to develop a realistic nationwide rehabilitation service. It is of interest that these criticisms are the same as those which were initially used to counter the proponents of coronary bypass surgery. It can be shown that these arguments are not scientifically valid. The risks of exercise for cardiac patients are minimal and considerably less than those posed by cardiac surgery. There is encouraging evidence that exercise training may reduce morbidity and mortality, but even if such hopes are not fulfilled the improved quality of life enjoyed by cardiac patients who take part in an exercise programme is sufficient to justify this therapy. The additional costs imposed by these programmes are minimal, as are the staffing requirements. It seems likely that just as coronary bypass surgery has overcome widespread medical opposition in this and other countries, so too will the concept of formal exercise training programmes for selected patients after heart attack or coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6980490 TI - [Sternberg cells: in search of a lost paternity]. PMID- 6980491 TI - Results of surgical management of hemorrhagic gastritis in patients with gastroesophageal varices. AB - The records of 13 patients with gastroesophageal varices, operated upon for the prevention or control of hemorrhage from gastritis, were reviewed. Bleeding was controlled postoperatively in all nine patients in whom the operations included variceal decompression, while the remainder had recurrent or continuing hemorrhage, p = 0.0013. The over-all operative mortality was 69 per cent, reflecting excessive blood loss preoperatively in the 11 actively bleeding patients. It is concluded that hemorrhagic gastritis in patients with varices should be viewed as portal hypertensive bleeding and that the basis for therapy must be the early institution of measures which effect a reduction of portal pressure. PMID- 6980492 TI - Development of long-term cell lines and lymphoid clones reactive against murine and human tumors: a new approach to the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. AB - We have investigated the use of T-cell growth factor (TCGF) to isolate and grow, in long-term culture, lymphoid cells with immunologic reactivity directed against syngeneic murine and autologous human tumors. Splenocytes from mice immune to a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma were expanded in TCGF, both before and after in vitro mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures, and expressed high levels of cytotoxicity for fresh syngeneic solid tumor cells. Cloned lines have been isolated with a high level of specific lysis for the immunizing tumor. Similar studies of cytotoxic reactivity to a syngeneic FBL-3 lymphoma have given rise to long-term cytotoxic cell lines growing in TCGF capable of curing mice with disseminated lymphoma in adoptive transfer studies. Exposure to TCGF, of human peripheral lymphoid cells from cancer-bearing patients, results in the development of cytotoxicity to autologous fresh tumor. We have used clonal analysis by limiting dilution techniques to isolate individual cloned cells with this autologous antitumor reactivity. Infusion to autologous cytotoxic cells expanded 10,000-fold in TCGF and labeled with 111In into three cancer patients resulted in cell localization initially to the lung and subsequently to the liver and spleen. The application of these techniques for the cloning and expansion of antitumor T-lymphoid cells in TCGF has offered a new approach to adoptive immunotherapy. PMID- 6980493 TI - Gastrointestinal complications after cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Gastrointestinal (GI) complications after surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can be serious, often lethal events. In our study, from 1970 through 1981 there were 43 such complications after 5080 CPB cases (0.85%). We noted on annual persistent occurrence of approximately 1%. The overall mortality rate was 63%. The most frequent complication was hemorrhage (usually gastroduodenal). Other complications encountered were pancreatitis, cholecystitis, hyperbilirubinemia, bowel perforations or infarcts, and gastroduodenal alterations. We concluded that GI complications after CPB are associated with a high mortality rate and often occur with other complications. Careful judgment is needed for appropriate diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 6980495 TI - [Severe course of chronic bronchitis in a patient with a hereditary deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin]. PMID- 6980494 TI - [Etiologic and immunologic parallels in patients with lingering pneumonia]. PMID- 6980497 TI - Comparison between two concentrates with factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity. AB - Clotting activities as well as thrombogenicity in rabbits of two activated prothrombin complex concentrates, Feiba (Immuno) and Autoplex (Travenol) were compared. When total activities of clotting factors were measured, factor VII was considerably higher in Autoplex than in Feiba. Likewise, a higher concentration of the activated serine proteases VIIa and IXa was found in Autoplex. On incubation with calcium chloride low activities of Xa and IIa appeared in both concentrates. When factor VIII was also added, the increase of these activities was higher in Autoplex but not in Feiba. On addition of phospholipid, the activities of Xa and IIa considerably increased in Autoplex but not in Feiba. There was a rapid diminution of these activities when antithrombin III was in the test system. Factor IXa however, on incubation of the concentrates with antithrombin III disappeared slower from Autoplex than from Feiba. Thrombogenicity in rabbits assayed by the Wessler test varied between different batches of the concentrate but was higher in Autoplex than in Feiba by an average factor of between 12.8 and 17.8. PMID- 6980498 TI - HLA and 21 hydroxylase deficiency (congenital and late onset adrenal hyperplasia) in the French population. PMID- 6980496 TI - Longitudinal study of lung function in coal-miners. AB - Longitudinal loss of lung function in 1677 coal-miners from five British collieries has been calculated from the results of serial cross-sectional epidemiological surveys and compared with measured concurrent individual respirable dust exposures and partially estimated previous cumulative exposures. Loss of forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) over approximately 11 years was found to increase with previous cumulative dust exposure after allowing for the effects of age, height, smoking, and overall colliery differences. This relationship was found to hold with concurrent dust exposure only when colliery differences were ignored. These results confirm by direct measurement inferences drawn indirectly from previous cross-sectional studies of the relationship between FEV1 and dust exposure. PMID- 6980500 TI - Critical review-current status of T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy in patients with ischemic heart disease. AB - Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy (TMS) is the most important, accurate and noninvasive diagnostic tool for the detection of regional myocardial perfusion. This agent is a potassium analog and the biological half life in normal myocardium is 4 hours. Therefore, serial imaging after a single dose of T1-201 at the peak of the exercise makes differential diagnosis possible between stress induced ischemia (transient perfusion defect with redistribution) and myocardial fibrosis or scar (permanent defect). The reproducibility is around 90%. The overall sensitivity in 4,094 patients reviewed from the literature was 83% with a specificity of 87%. The accuracy of TMS for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease was 85%. Sensitivity increases in the order of visual (83%), computer analysis of standard scintigraphy (91%), and computer analysis of pinhole tomography (96%), but there is no significant difference in specificity among them. Also, sensitivity increases in the order of single (73%), double (83%) and triple (90%) vessel disease. However, TMS does not indicate the correct number of vessels involved. In this paper, we discuss the current status of use and limitations of TMS in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6980502 TI - Genetically determined response mechanisms to cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 6980499 TI - HLA and hyperthyroidism in Ireland. AB - The distribution of HLA antigens in a group of Irish patients with hyperthyroidism was studied, in an attempt to define whether specific antigens were associated with relapse of the disease following medical therapy. The increase in HLA-B8 and DR3 found by others in this disease was confirmed, but no difference in HLA type was documented in 33 patients who had relapsed compared to 24 who had not relapsed. Forty-six per cent of the relapsed group were DR3 as against 45% of the non-relapsed group. PMID- 6980503 TI - Human leptospirosis in Somalia: a serological survey. AB - Sera from Somalis of both sexes between the ages of 16 and 60 were examined for leptospiral agglutinins. 37% of 105 apparently healthy individuals living in the arid Mogadishu area were positive, as were 64% of 107 schistosomiasis patients living in two villages on the Shabeele River (50.5% over-all). Pools of sera from similar subjects, as well as leprosy patients living on the Juba River and patients in Mogadishu hospitals with suspected viral hepatitis showed a similar prevalence rate of 56%. These figures are higher than prevelance rates for leptospiral antibodies generally found in other parts of the world, and in part may be related to the nomadic, cattle-driving existence common in Somalia. The titres of 11.2% of the positive sera examined singly indicated recent infection. Approximately twice as many subjects from the river villages as from the Mogadishu area were positive for more than one serovar, and a greater number of serovars were recorded from the villages. Antibodies to bratislava serovar, not previously recorded in Africa, were found in 57% of positive subjects, showing the highest prevalence rate among the investigated serovars. Co-antibodies to saprophytic Leptospira biflexa serovars were found in many of the sera. PMID- 6980501 TI - Efficacy, disposition and pharmacodynamics of aspirin, acetaminophen and choline salicylate in young febrile children. PMID- 6980505 TI - Non-specific cell mediated immunity in patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni in Kenya. AB - Parameters of in vitro cell-mediated immunity (CMI) have been measured in the local Kenyan population infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Lymphocyte responses to the non-specific T cell mitogens Concanavalin A (Con A) and Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were reduced in about 60% of schistosomiasis patients. Lymphocytes from control uninfected, and S. mansoni-infected donors formed equal numbers of spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells, indicating that there was no over-all reduction in the percentage numbers of T cells in the schistosomiasis patients. PMID- 6980504 TI - Does Pneumocystis carinii occur in Kenya? AB - An experiment was carried out exposing immunosuppressed mice to the atmosphere to determine if transmission of Pneumocystis carinii occurred in Kenya. Mice were killed at weekly intervals for four months and the lungs examined histologically for the presence of these parasites. None of the mice contracted even light infections and this, together with the lack of clinical evidence of this disease in immunosuppressed or neonatal cases, suggests that this parasite does not occur in Kenya. Possible reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 6980507 TI - Weak "false positive" direct antiglobulin test reactions with polyspecific antiglobulin reagents: lack of correlation with red-blood-cell-bound C3d. AB - The investigation explored whether weak positive or "rough" direct antiglobulin test (DAT) reactions observed with commercial polyspecific reagents could be correlated with the amount of C3d bound to normal donor red blood cells (RBC). Employing a radiolabeled anti-antiglobulin method, RBC-bound C3d was measured on 101 normal donor samples. In a second phase of the study, RBC-bound C3d plus igG were measured on an additional 141 donor samples. In neither phase of the study was a correlation observed between weak positive antiglobulin reactions and the amount of RBC-bound serum globulins. PMID- 6980506 TI - Clinical significance of the anti-complement component of antiglobulin antisera. AB - The need for anti-complement (anti-C') activity in antiglobulin antisera (AHG) for the detection of clinically significant antibodies was evaluated during a three-year period. While performing routine compatibility testing using standard blood banking procedures, eight patients were found whose antibodies were detectable primarily or only by AHG containing anti-C' activity; monospecific anti-igG AHG gave weak or negative reactions. Seven of the antibodies were anti jka or jkb. Two of the anti-jka antibodies were responsible for clinically unsuspected delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. The anti-jkb antibody resulted in a shortened survival of incompatible 51Cr-labelled red blood cells. The incidence of such "complement-only" Kidd antibodies was 23 percent of all Kidd antibodies found. These data suggest that the omission of anti-C' in AHG in routine compatability testing could result in substantial risk of failure to detect clinically significant antibodies. PMID- 6980508 TI - [Sarcomere supercontraction during Zenker's necrosis of skeletal muscle fibers]. AB - The ultrastructure and localization of supercontracted sarcomeres during the spreading (Zenker's) necrosis of twitch and tonic frog fibres and the fast- and slow-twitch rat fibres are described. The formation of supercontracted sarcomeres proceeds mainly by the sliding mechanism. Contracted bands are characterized by homogenization of myosin and actin filaments and by the disappearance of Z-band structures. In the calcium-free medium some myosin filaments pass through the whole depth of the contracted band or are seen bending and deviating backwards upon approaching the contracted band. In calcium-free solution supercontracted sarcomeres often form narrow strips (2-5 sarcomere long), crossing the fibres. The transverse elignment of sarcomeres is typical of supercontracted portion of fibres. PMID- 6980509 TI - [Structural differences in the collagens of Rana frog species with dissimilar temperature ecology. The contribution of carbohydrate components to collagen molecular thermostability]. AB - Skin procollagens in two species groups of frogs of the genus Rana - brown frogs (4 species) and green frogs (3 species) distributed in European and Asiatic parts of the USSR have been compared. A geographic intraspecific variation in collagen characteristics (two geographic populations of the pond frog Rana nigromaculata) is revealed. Intergroup differences in the thermal denaturation of collagens established by means of methods of circular dichroism and microcalorimetry are significant. Such differences within both the groups are not so visible. With the species studied, carbohydrate components contents in procollagen vary. Interspecific differences in the procollagen thermostability correlate with the thermal ecology of frogs and seem to be associated with the availability of carbohydrates. PMID- 6980511 TI - Inguinal lymphadenopathy in a 52-year-old male. PMID- 6980510 TI - [Sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium distribution in the oocytes of the common frog based on x-ray microanalysis data]. AB - Using X-ray microanalysis, the contents and distribution of Na, K, Mg, Ca and some other elements were studied in ovary and ovariole oocytes of the grass frog R. temporaria. The increased K and Mg concentrations were found in the oocyte cytoplasm pigmented zone. The concentration of K in the nucleus is higher than in the cytoplasm, whereas that of P and S lower. The same concentration of Na was found in the nucleus and cytoplasm. High concentrations of K and S are noticed in the oocyte jelly envelope. PMID- 6980512 TI - [Meningitis caused by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae]. PMID- 6980513 TI - [Surgical complications in typhoid today]. PMID- 6980514 TI - Symposium on hormone and corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 6980515 TI - Prostaglandin F2 alpha in the treatment of pyometra-metritis. PMID- 6980516 TI - False pregnancy. PMID- 6980517 TI - Symposium on radiology. PMID- 6980518 TI - Radiographic diagnosis of liver disease in dogs and cats. PMID- 6980519 TI - Radiologic aspects of mycotic diseases. PMID- 6980520 TI - Radiology of mediastinal diseases. PMID- 6980521 TI - A radiologic approach to bone neoplasms. PMID- 6980522 TI - Angiocardiography. PMID- 6980524 TI - Myelography. PMID- 6980523 TI - Radiology of the skull and cervical spine. PMID- 6980525 TI - Canine osteochondrosis. PMID- 6980526 TI - Two cases of Fusarium keratomycosis in the horse. PMID- 6980529 TI - Disseminated mycobacterial histiocytosis due to M. Fortuitum associated with helper T-lymphocyte immune deficiency. AB - Mycobacterial histiocytosis is a rare disease usually associated with haematological or immunological disorders. We report a fatal case caused by M. fortuitum infection showing the typical disseminated histiocytosis. Immunological investigations revealed impaired cellular immunity demonstrated by negative skin tests with different "recall-antigens", and in vitro an isolated defect of helper T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood which in combination with hypergammaglobulinemia suggests a "lymphocyte and distribution syndrome". PMID- 6980528 TI - [Effect of salinomycin (K-364) on calves for fattening]. AB - Experiments with calves of initial weight of about 178 kg revealed that salimycin given with the feed at the rate of 0.5 mg/kg for 24 hours in the course of 269 days, and monensin used for comparison at 0.7 mg/kg for 24 hours led to the increase in the weight gain by 4.3 and 6 per cent, respectively. An increase in the conversion of forage was also established--6.3 and 9.5 per cent, respectively. Up to the sixth month of age the rise of the weight gain (as against the negative control group) with the calves treated with salimycin (11.7 per cent) was higher than that with calves that were given monensin (9.9 per cent). The combined application of salimycin (0.5 mg/kg for 24 h) and flavophospholipol (0.1 mg/kg for 24 h) led to the slight enhancement of the nutritive effect: with regard to the weight gain--by 1.7 per cent, and with regard to the conversion of forage--by 2.8 per cent. PMID- 6980527 TI - The lymphocyte stimulation test in veterinary immunology. PMID- 6980530 TI - Directional changes in the vestibular ocular response as a result of adaptation to optical tilt. AB - Before and after exposure to clockwise optical tilt, subjects' compensatory eye movements were recorded, as the head was oscillated around a vertical axis by the experimenter. An analysis of the horizontal and vertical components of eye movements showed a change in eye movement path in the clockwise direction. This corresponded to similar changes in visual spatial orientation judgments indicative of perceptual adaptation. It was suggested that long-term visual feedback serves to restore the compensatory nature of the eye movements which was altered by the introduction of the prism transformation. PMID- 6980531 TI - Post-receptor chromatic mechanisms revealed by flickering vs fused adaptation. AB - For both normals and dichromats, adaptation to certain pairs of alternating monochromatic caused reduced sensitivity for detection of some test wavelengths when compared to sensitivity losses caused by adaptation to the fused (supra-CFF) sums of the same lights. Since the two adaptation conditions caused equivalent photopigment depletion, and since sensitivities to some wavelengths did not differ between conditions, the effects are ascribed to post-receptor adaptation. Such post-receptor effects were not obtained when adapting wavelengths did not straddle the presumed "crosspoints" of opponent-colors mechanisms, and, when only one opponent mechanism was adapted, effects were absent for test wavelengths at the crosspoint of that mechanism. For the red vs green system, increasing the intensities of adapting wavelengths from 2.2 to 5.5 log td did not appreciably increase the magnitudes of postreceptor effects. Quantitative accounts for the results are derived from a vector model for color vision. The results provide general support for opponent-colors interpretations of normal and dichromatic vision and suggest that the flicker/fused adaptation paradigm is a useful tool for probing postreceptor mechanisms of vision. PMID- 6980532 TI - [Vestibular function tests of flight personnel with chronic diseases at a period of stable remission]. PMID- 6980533 TI - [Peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes in chronic stomach diseases]. PMID- 6980534 TI - [Bioelectrical stimulation in the rehabilitative treatment of poststroke patients]. PMID- 6980535 TI - [Gastric changes associated with esophageal varices in fiberoptic examinations]. PMID- 6980536 TI - [Clinical and angiographic evaluation after aortocoronary bypass surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The analysis of the first 125 patients, having coronary artery bypass surgery at the community hospital of Linz/Austria, revealed a perioperative mortality of 3% (n = 4) and a myocardial infarction incidence of 4% (n = 5). The angiographic restudy after surgery in 109 patients demonstrated 89% (n = 174) of the 196 vein grafts patent. The degree of revascularisation was 74% and the mean number of grafts per patient 1.8. The ejection fraction of the left ventricle was unchanged postoperatively (preop.: 61%, postop.: 64%). 3 to 6 months after surgery 55% of the patients were without angina pectoris-symptoms, 37% were clinically improved and 8% remained unchanged or deteriorated with respect to chest pain. There was a significant difference in patency rate and degree of revascularisation between pain free (90 resp. 88%) and improved patients (70 resp. 54%, p less than 0.001) and the unchanged (20 resp. 17%, p less than 0.001). Aortocoronary bypass surgery provides relief of pain or improvement in a high percentage (92%). The results are important influenced by graft function and degree of revascularisation. PMID- 6980537 TI - [Local symptoms and the aim of therapy as starting points of physical therapy in traumatology]. PMID- 6980540 TI - [Emergency endoscopy]. PMID- 6980539 TI - [Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in elderly patients]. AB - Severe intestinal bleeding in elderly patients is associated by an increased risk of mortality. Factors contributory to the poor prognosis are cardiac, respiratory, hepatic and renal diseases. In upper gastrointestinal bleeding initial diagnosis is built up by means of endoscopy in more than 90 per cent. Immediate emergency endoscopy improves the outcome only in patients with active bleeding. In severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding angiography is the primary diagnostic procedure to be performed. Angiodysplasias as a frequent source of lower intestinal bleeding are localized easily by angiography. Conservative therapy of gastro-intestinal bleeding includes endoscopic, angiographic and medical procedures. PMID- 6980538 TI - [Fibrin glue in dermatosurgery (author's transl)]. AB - Highly concentrated human fibrinogen as a biological tissue-adhesive-system was successful in a variety of clinical applications during the last years. The adhesive-technique imitates the second phase of blood-coagulation, i.e. the transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin by addition of a thrombin solution. The advantages of fibrin glue in operative dermatology are based on the possibility of flat tissue adhesion as well as the local sealing of small and medium size vessels. Three groups of indications are reported: 1. Local blood-coagulation, demonstrated in our surgical management of rhinophyma. 2. The flat tissue adhesion without surgical suture, mainly used in fixation of skin transplants. 3. In cases of extended regional flap-transpositions or tissue transplantation using microvascular anastomoses a combined suture-and adhesive-technique is described. PMID- 6980541 TI - [Diagnostic value of anus hemorrhage]. PMID- 6980543 TI - [Actual resistance of Staphylococcus aureus: beta-Lactamase production and susceptibility to various penicillins and erythromycin (author's transl)]. AB - The actual resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from different clinics in Bielefeld was examined on the basis of 155 strains freshly isolated from clinical specimens during a period of two months. Sensitivity of these strains was assessed by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as determined by agar dilution method. As expected oxacillin proved to be the most effective compound according to its stability to beta-lactamases. Ampicillin and amoxicillin were nearly as active as penicillin G, while propicillin exhibited a higher activity than penicillin G against those strains which were moderately sensitive to penicillin G. Mics of erythromycin were similar to those of propicillin and most of the highly penicillin resistant strains proved to be resistant to erythromycin too. When comparing the acylureidopenicillins and ticarcillin nearly identical MIC values resulted for azlocillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin; ticarcillin was found to be slightly less active. The qualitative assay for beta-lactamase activity performed after induction with methicillin demonstrated strong correlation between presence or absence of beta-lactamases and sensitivity of the bacteria to penicillin G. beta-lactamase activity could be found in almost all strains with MIC greater than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml for penicillin G. These results are discussed with respect to the recommendations for susceptibility testing. PMID- 6980542 TI - Alpha1-antitrypsin: evidence for a fourth PiM allele. Distribution of the PiM subtypes in Southern Germany. AB - Subtypes of the protease inhibitor (Pi) alpha 1-antitrypsin were determined in sera from 752 unrelated individuals from Southern Germany. By isoelectric focusing nine common PiM subtypes were distinguished and several rare Pi variants were observed. Family studies confirm the existence of a fourth PiM suballele. The frequency of PiM4 was found to be 0.018. A survey of the distribution of Pi alleles is given; the application of Pi subtyping in cases of disputed paternity is discussed. PMID- 6980545 TI - [Effect of thymosin on the rosette-forming capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes and healthy subjects]. AB - It has been found that the blood of schizophrenic patients contains much more thymosine-sensitive lymphocytes than the blood of healthy subjects. Thymosine produces a regulatory effect on the changed receptor activity of the T-cells revealed in the reaction of spontaneous rosette formation. The disturbances of the T-lymphocyte membrane activity that take place in schizophrenic patients can be associated with the changes of the thymus hormonal function occurring in that disease. PMID- 6980544 TI - [Measurement of the propagation rate of the summation action potential in the vomeronasal and olfactory nerves of Rana temporaria frogs]. AB - It was shown that summation action potential (AP) in various points of the nerve result from summation AP in various bundles of fibres. The rate of propagation of AP in various bundles may differ rather significantly. Propagation of AP from the site of stimulation takes place with acceleration, which is presumably due to the inhibitory effect of the stimulus at the site of its application (together with the excitatory effect as well). Both nerves exhibit also supernormal phenomenon which reveals itself in the increase of the propagation rate of the second AP during stimulation by paired stimuli. PMID- 6980546 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin: production and binding of in vitro stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes]. AB - Three day cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) contain significant numbers of lymphoblasts binding 125I-alpha 1-AT as well as those with membrane-associated alpha 1-AT detectable by immunofluorescence. Co-cultivation of PBL with T cell mitogens leads to the appearance of lymphoblasts with membrane associated alpha 1-AT while B cell mitogens induce lymphoblasts with a binding capacity for 125I-alpha 1-AT. It could be shown that unstimulated lymphocytes neither have membrane-associated alpha 1-AT nor possess a binding capacity for it. The highest number of lymphoblasts with membrane-associated alpha 1-AT was found in Con A stimulated cultures as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence. By contrast, PHA or PPD stimulated cultures contained much less such cells of lower fluorescence intensity. Co-cultivation of PBL with the B cell mitogens LPS and rabbit-anti-human gammaglobulin-IgG-F(ab')2 induced lymphoblasts with a clear binding capacity for 125I-alpha 1-AT, while dextran-sulphate had no effect. A possible regulative role of alpha 1-AT in the immune response is discussed. PMID- 6980549 TI - Coronary artery spasm during myocardial infarction. AB - A 51 year old man presented with unstable angina. Following initial improvement, the patient had prolonged, continuous chest pain resulting in myocardial infarction. During the evolving myocardial infarction, coronary angiography was performed and demonstrated coronary spasm superimposed on a high-grade atherosclerotic lesion. The role of coronary spasm in the etiology of myocardial infarction is discussed. Subsequent aorto-coronary bypass surgery was performed uneventfully. PMID- 6980547 TI - Adriamycin cardiotoxicity. Prognostic value of the systolic time intervals. AB - The aim of this study was to detect the cardiotoxicity of Adriamycin (ADM) by the evolution of the systolic time intervals (STI). The PEP/LVET ratio represents an easy and reproducible index of myocardial function. The more important this increase, the greater the risk of developing heart failure. A significant correlation exists between the variation of this ratio and the total administered dose, but the correlation coefficient is low. A heart failure may appear for doses of ADM under 500 mg/m2 but it is preceded by an increase of the index. In the absence of a significant modification, the generally admitted maximum dose of 550 mg/m2 may be exceeded. In case of a ratio increase in excess of 0.08 it will be necessary to balance the potential benefits of treatment with the hazards of cardiac failure. The PEP/LVET ratio allows proceeding with the cytostatic treatment in increased security by selecting the patients at high risk for cardiac failure. PMID- 6980548 TI - Incidence and prediction of coronary heart disease in two Italian rural population samples followed-up for 20 years. AB - Two rural cohorts of men initially aged 40-59, located in Northern and Central Italy for a total of 1712 subjects were followed-up for 20 years for coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence and total mortality. In 20 years the overall incidence of CHD manifestations, defined in a hierarchical way, in men CHD-free at entry, was of 4.5 per 1000 per year for CHD-deaths, of 1.9 for CHD-hard surviving, and 5.4 for CHD-soft surviving. Altogether more than 23% of men developed in 20 years one or more manifestations of CHD with one or more episodes. Eight personal characteristics measured at entry examination have been evaluated for their role of risk factors. Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that age, serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking habits and physical activity at work (protective) are powerful predictors of the future occurrence of the disease. Diastolic blood pressure, relative body weight and skinfold thickness showed little or no relationship with CHD incidence. The predictive power of single risk factors and the discriminating power of the multivariate models were directly related to the severity of the disease manifestations considered as endpoints. High levels of relative risk could be obtained comparing extreme classes of risk as estimated by the multivariate models. It is confirmed that some characteristics seem to be universal predictors of the disease and that their meaning is long-lasting although a single casual measurement is taken in middle age. PMID- 6980550 TI - Ischaemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy revisited? PMID- 6980551 TI - The relative effect of mental and physical activity on blood-pressure and heart rate during the waking-up process. AB - 1. The morning rise in blood pressure and heart rate was studied in 18 patients with mild blood pressure elevation. Passing from sleep to the drowsy state raised blood pressure and heart rate very little while the awake state (reading a newspaper sitting in bed) increased the mean blood pressure by 13.2 mm Hg and the heart rate by 5.7 beats per minute. 2. Subsequent application of mental stress (arithmetic) in one third of the patients or physical activity in the upright position in another third showed a different pattern of response. Mental stress mainly raised the blood pressure while physical activity in the upright position mainly raised the heart rate. PMID- 6980553 TI - Systolic time intervals during isometric exercise in supine position should be corrected also for arterial pressure. AB - In this paper we have studied the relationship between the systolic time intervals (STI) and the heart rate (HR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) in a group of 24 healthy subjects at three different effort levels during an isometric exercise in supine position and in basal conditions. We observed a decrease of the non corrected STI values during the exercise. Then we corrected STI using the regression equations obtained by plotting STI values versus the corresponding HR values at rest and during the exercise. We showed an increase of corrected left ventricular ejection time (LVET) during the whole exercise, and an increase of corrected total electromechanical systole (QS2c) at 50% effort level and then a return to the basal values. We also derived the multiple regression equations correlating QS2 and LVET with HR and SAP. Notwithstanding these equations show a significant positive correlation between the two STI considered and SAP only at the maximum effort, we corrected LVET and QS2 values by these equations assuming that the relationship between these parameters exists also in basal conditions and during the remaining stages of the exercise. By this correction we found a decrease of LVETc and QS2c in accordance with hemodynamic data reported by other authors. We may conclude that it seems useful to correct the STI obtained during isometric exercise in supine position both for HR and SAP. PMID- 6980552 TI - Rapidly progressive vegetative endocarditis. AB - Echocardiography has become a valuable tool in visualizing and localizing vegetations in patients with bacterial endocarditis. Since the natural course of vegetative lesions remains poorly understood, we report a case of a rapidly progressive vegetative lesion in a patient with staphylococcal endocarditis. Although the significance of this observation will require a larger experience, it may represent an accelerated form of disease necessitating surgical management. PMID- 6980554 TI - Survival and emergency surgery in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - The outcome in terms of survival and frequency of emergency surgical intervention for all patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding during a two-year period was evaluated. During the period early oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy was recommended as a routine procedure. A total of 277 patients were hospitalized with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and in 206 patients endoscopy was performed. The point of time for endoscopy did not affect the diagnostic yield. If variceal bleeders were excluded the total mortality was 7.1%. The operative frequency was low, 11%. The postoperative mortality was 45.2%. The postoperative morality occurred among patients over 60 years and the mortality during conservative treatment was obviously difficult to avoid. The benefit of endoscopy was expressed as a low operation frequency without negative effects on the total mortality. PMID- 6980555 TI - [Peculiarities of movement perception in adolescent drivers. Vestibulovisual perceptions]. PMID- 6980556 TI - DNA synthesis-potentiating activity on mouse thymocytes of synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - DNA synthesis-potentiating activity in synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was studied in vitro by using phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mouse thymocytes. The activity was present only in fluids obtained during the active RA phase, and no activity was noted in fluids obtained during the inactive RA phase or in fluids of osteoarthritis deformans patients. PMID- 6980557 TI - Pagetoid reticulosis (Woringer-Kolopp disease). An ultrastructural and immunocytological study. AB - Histopathological, immunocytological and ultrastructural observations are reported in the first case of pagetoid reticulosis (Woringer-Kolopp disease) in Japan. The patient was a 61-year-old woman with multiple skin lesions running a chronic and apparently benign clinical course. Histology of the skin biopsies revealed typical pagetoid appearance of the epidermis due to intraepidermal infiltration of abnormal cells. Ultrastructural investigation showed that the intraepidermal abnormal cells were classified into mycosis fungoides cells, Sezary cells, lymphoblast-like cells, and large blastoid cells and that the mycosis fungoides cells were a major cell population. Intermediate or transitional cells were found between these cells and large blastoid cells were mostly situated in the basal cell layer. By the rosetting assays of the free cell suspensions prepared from the epidermis of the biopsied skin lesions, 93% of the suspended cells were positive for spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes. The immunoperoxidase technique demonstrated no cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in almost all the intraepidermal abnormal cells. These results indicate that the intraepidermal abnormal cells are T-lymphocytes. Thus, it is concluded that the present case is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma of low-grade malignancy showing a prominent epidermotropism. This case is the first description of the disease in Japan. PMID- 6980558 TI - Immunohistological studies on valvular vegetations in nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE). AB - Thrombi and thrombus formation in nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) were studied using light microscopy and immunohistology. Samples from vegetations on cardiac valves were taken at autopsy from five patients with NBTE and adenocarcinoma as an underlying disease. Morphological studies disclosed proliferative changes underneath the thrombi. In immunofluorescence microscopy, focal deposits of immunoglobulins and complement components Clq and C3 were found. The results suggest that immune complexes, elicited by the underlying malignant process, may play important role in the pathogenesis of the thrombus formation in NBTE. PMID- 6980559 TI - Survival of neonatal rats during hypoxia after monoamine stimulating agents. AB - Survival of 4 days old rats exposed to 6% O2-94% N2 was studied. Administration of L-DOPA (100 mg/kg) or L-5-HTP (100 mg/kg) reduced survival during hypoxia to about 30% of controls. A further reduction of survival time was noted after combined administration of L-DOPA and L-5-HTP. Administration of increasing doses of L-DOPA or L-5-HTP resulted in a dose-related decrease in neonatal survival time. After inhibition of the peripheral L-aminoacid decarboxylase with MK-486, L DOPA caused the same reduction of survival time during hypoxia as after L-DOPA alone. Clonidine (2 mg/kg) was found to reduce hypoxic survival time to about 60%, while apomorphine had no effect compared to controls. Clonidine and apomorphine together had the same effect as clonidine alone. It is suggested that central monoamine neurotransmitters are involved in the mechanisms determining survival during neonatal oxygen deprivation. PMID- 6980560 TI - Dandy-Walker malformation and the contribution of radioisotopic studies of cerebral spinal fluid dynamics to its diagnosis. Case report. PMID- 6980562 TI - Unusual appearance of an acoustic neurinoma in CT scans. PMID- 6980561 TI - Angiographic disappearance and reappearance of an arteriovenous malformation of the cerebellum and brain stem, and its surgical excision. A case report. AB - A case of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the cerebellum and brainstem at the cerebellopontine angle is reported. Though a postoperative angiogram after the first operation indicated complete excision of the lesion, the patient returned with subarachnoid haemorrhage, and an angiogram indicated reappearance of the lesion. Total excision was carried out at the second operation. PMID- 6980563 TI - Effects of concanavalin A pretreatment on cloned cytolytic T cells. PMID- 6980564 TI - Sequential analysis of T-cell mediated cytolysis: a brief reminder of some possibly informative markers at the recognition and lethal hit stages. PMID- 6980565 TI - Morphological aspects of lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6980567 TI - Cytolytic T lymphocyte recognition of subcellular antigen. PMID- 6980566 TI - Distinctions between NK cells and CTL. PMID- 6980568 TI - Somatic cell genetics of cytolytic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6980569 TI - LYT-2 negative and T cell growth factor independent cytotoxic T lymphocyte hybridomas. PMID- 6980571 TI - Mechanism of T cell-mediated cytolysis: an investigation of cells and stages affected by cytolysis-inhibiting monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6980570 TI - The molecular basis for cytolytic T lymphocyte function: analysis with blocking monoclonal antibodies. AB - During the past decade the mechanism of CTL-mediated killing has been resolved into 3 steps, and its cation requirements, and general nature have been well defined. However, biochemical understanding of the CTL-target interaction has made little progress. Recently, we have developed a monoclonal antibody (MAb) which blocks killing by binding to a previously undescribed molecule on the CTL membrane, a molecule which we therefore have termed lymphocyte function associated antigen one (LFA-1). LFA-1 and Lyt-2,3 are the only presently identified sites for such blocking; antibodies to over a dozen other molecules expressed on the CTL do not block killing. Present evidence suggests that LFA-1 is crucial in the adhesive interaction of T cells with other cells (e.g., targets, macrophages, perhaps B cells) The continuing search for blocking MAbs provides a systematic way to link specific molecules with CTL function. PMID- 6980572 TI - Functional relationships of lymphocyte membrane structures probed with cytolysis and/or proliferation-inhibiting H35-27.9 and H35-89.9 monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6980573 TI - The differential effects of distinct cytolysis-inhibiting monoclonal antibodies on growth and on cytolytic activity of T cell clones. PMID- 6980574 TI - Heterogeneity of inhibition of cytolytic T lymphocyte clones by monoclonal anti Lyt-2/3 antibodies: parallel effects on cytolysis, proliferation and lymphokine secretion. PMID- 6980575 TI - Inhibition of human T cell mediated cytolysis by monoclonal antibodies to effector cell surface structures. PMID- 6980576 TI - T lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis - a comprehensive theory. I. The mechanism of CTL mediated cytolysis. PMID- 6980577 TI - Molecular interactions in T-cell mediated cytotoxicity: discrimination between the binding and lethal hit stages of cytolysis. PMID- 6980578 TI - Studies on the mechanism of lectin-dependent T cell-mediated cytolysis: use of Lens culinaris Hemagglutinin a to define the role of lectin. PMID- 6980579 TI - Echocardiographic studies in anaemic patients before and after blood transfusions. AB - Echocardiographic studies were undertaken in 15 patients with acute blood loss and 15 patients with chronic anaemia, before and after blood transfusion. Clinically adequate blood transfusions resulted in a 5 mm increase in mean left ventricular internal dimensions at end systole in those with acute blood loss and a 3 mm increase in those with chronic anaemia. None of these patients developed acute pulmonary oedema. This study provides base-line data for changes in ventricular dimension resulting from the standard medical management of patients with acute and chronic blood loss. Functional aortic valvular insufficiency was documented in some cases and pericardial effusion resolving after blood transfusion was common. PMID- 6980580 TI - Cytochemical markers for T mu and T gamma. A comparative study. AB - A procedure is described for the cytochemical detection of esterase alpha naphtyl acetate (ANAE) and beta glucuronidase (BG) activity in the circulating lymphocytes of man. The number of BG positive cells (TBG) as evaluated on the smears of Ficoll Urovision purified cells, correlated well with the number of T gamma (EA gamma rosette forming cells with ox red blood cells) in the same blood samples of a group of healthy persons and patients, with pollinosis, atrophic rhinitis and bacterial asthma. In healthy persons, the number of T gamma cells by rosette method was 12.5 +/- 0.5% whilst BG positive cells were 14.0 +/- 14%. The patients had an equal number of BG positive cells and T gamma too. The present study broadly confirms ANAE activity as a cytochemical marker for T mu cells. These results tested that T lymphocytes can be accurately enumerated by cytochemical evaluation of ANAE activity in human lymphocytes and suggested the usefulness of BG activity in the enumeration of T lymphocytes in man. PMID- 6980582 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the most common connective tissue disease occurring during childhood, is characterized by chronic arthritis and may be associated with disability and blindness. The presentation, laboratory findings and prognosis of the disease differ significantly from those of adult rheumatoid arthritis. Current classification includes systemic, pauciarticular and polyarticular types, each having different therapeutic and prognostic implications. PMID- 6980581 TI - Dose-response curves for lymphoblast transformation by phytohemagglutinin stimulation. AB - In order to seriously evaluate the lymphoblast response to PHA, we studied the effects of different doses of the mitogen and different culture periods in the normal population. According to our results, we classified the subjects into 2 groups, high responders and low responders. No significant differences were found among the groups in the spontaneous blast transformations. Maximum levels of stimulation were obtained with PHA doses of 2 to 10 micrograms/10(5) cells/100 microliters. Maximal response in the high responder group was observed on the fifth day of incubation, whereas for low responders, maximum stimulation was observed on the third day of incubation. Two populations responding with different intensity to PHA were identified, suggesting that the different responses were conditioned by genetic factors. The interpretation of the lymphoblast response to phytohemagglutinin is a much more complex task than is currently believed. The variations in response may result from alterations in the immune system as well as from the peculiar genetic characteristics of each individual. PMID- 6980583 TI - Harvesting and protection of the saphenous vein associated with early delivery of blood cardioplegia in coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 6980584 TI - Evaluation of a tissue transport medium for immunological characterization of benign and malignant lymphoid tissues. AB - A tissue transport medium was evaluated for its usefulness in immunologic characterization of lymphocytes in tissue sections. A variety of lymphoid tissues were studied, including normal tissue, hyperplastic tissue and malignant lymphoma. Approximately equal parts of biopsy samples were taken and one part was immediately snap-frozen while the other was held in transport medium for up to one week before processing for frozen section. Sections were stained with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antisera and with a variety of murine monoclonal antibodies to T-cell antigens or Ia antigen followed by staining with fluorescein-conjugated goat-antimouse gamma globulin. In all cases studied, there was complete agreement in the staining patterns of tissues which were either immediately snap-frozen or held in transport medium. PMID- 6980585 TI - E rosetting by leukemic monoblasts. A possible mechanism. AB - Occasional cases of acute monoblastic leukemia have been reported to have unusual immunologic properties such as the capacity to form heat stable E-rosettes, a marker usually associated with T-cell acute leukemia. This case report describes such a patient and postulates a possible mechanism for the anomalous E rosetting. PMID- 6980586 TI - T-cell dysfunction in minimal-change nephrotic syndrome of childhood. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was studied in 25 children with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome in different stages of their disease. This was assessed by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, number of T lymphocytes, and blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and PPD. Patients with active nephrosis could not become sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene and had decreased response to common recall antigens. T-cell number ranged within normal values in all nephrotic patients. During active disease, lymphocyte transformation was markedly reduced, but improved considerably when cells were cultured in normal plasma. During remission, patients showed normal proliferative response. Reactivity of normal lymphocytes to both stimulants was inhibited by nephrotic plasma. Our results suggest the existence of a serum factor that affects T-cell function. PMID- 6980587 TI - Campylobacter jejuni in newborns: a cause of asymptomatic bloody diarrhea. PMID- 6980589 TI - Gastrointestinal blood loss in chronically hemodialyzed patients. PMID- 6980588 TI - Meningitis occurring during therapy for otitis media with cephalexin and cefaclor. PMID- 6980591 TI - Transmission of Z allele from heterozygote males for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: additional family data. PMID- 6980590 TI - Subsets of SLE and mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 6980593 TI - Hematology problem. PMID- 6980592 TI - Evaluation of the neurophysiologic effects of 1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate by quantitative ataxia and oculomotor function tests. AB - 1,2-Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN), a nitrated ester found in the torpedo propellant Otto Fuel II, has been suspected of causing neurologic and cardiovascular effects. This study evaluated the possible acute and chronic neurophysiologic toxicity of PGDN in U.S. Navy torpedo facilities. The test procedures included a medical and occupational history, neuro-ophthalmologic examination, and quantitative tests of both oculomotor function and ataxia. A study population of 87 workers chronically exposed (CE) to PGDN during torpedo maintenance procedures was compared to a group of 21 controls (CON). Although workers often complained of vascular effects (headaches, nasal congestion), no evidence of chronic neurotoxicity was found, even among a subgroup of workers (CEsub) with the longest total duration of exposure. To detect possible acute effects, 29 subjects from the study group were tested before and immediately after PGDN exposure during a torpedo maintenance procedure or turnaround (TA). These personnel had a statistically significant decline in saccade velocity and a prolongation of saccade delay time, even though most peak airborne concentrations of PGDN were well below 0.2 ppm. PMID- 6980594 TI - Treating esophageal varices with injection sclerotherapy. PMID- 6980595 TI - Possible new markers in trophoblastic diseases. PMID- 6980596 TI - Diffuse T-cell lymphoma preceded by nodular lymphoma. AB - A patient with a nodular lymphoma morphologically indistinguishable from follicular B-cell lymphoma subsequently developed a diffuse T-cell lymphoma. This T-cell lymphoma displayed characteristics analogous to mature T-lymphocytes, and typed as a suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell with the monoclonal antibodies. The light and electron microscopy morphology of the T-cell lymphoma was similar to that reported for node-based T-cell lymphomas. There was a polymorphous proliferation of variably transformed lymphocytes including immunoblasts. This case could represent either a nodular form of T-cell lymphoma converting to a diffuse T-cell lymphoma, or a follicular B-cell lymphoma preceding, and possibly inducing, a suppressor T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6980597 TI - Little used surgical techniques of value. PMID- 6980599 TI - [Electroregulation of hypothalamo-hypophyseal system functions in the combined therapy of chronic salpingo-oophoritis]. PMID- 6980598 TI - Application of intestinal staplers to aortoiliac surgery. AB - Although intestinal stapling devices have become an accepted part of the contemporary gastrointestinal surgeon's armamentarium, little attention has been given to their application to vascular surgical operative techniques. We have found the TA stapler helpful in surgery of the abdominal aorta, the iliac arteries, and their branches. It is most applicable to aortic bypass surgery for both atherosclerotic occlusive and aneurysmal disease. The TA 30, 50, and 90 devices designed to introduce a double row of overlapping staples effect a secure, hemostatic, and watertight bowel closure. These staples can likewise achieve a secure, bloodtight closure when used appropriately in aortic surgery. In aortofemoral bypass grafting performed with a proximal end-to-end anastomosis, the TA 30 or 55 is ideal for expeditious closure of the transected, distal aortic stump. The stapling technique also greatly simplifies obliteration of common, external, and internal iliac aneurysms to prevent back-bleeding when these aneurysms are excluded from the main reconstructed arterial stream. In the resection of abdominal aortic aneurysms associated with multiple iliac branch aneurysms, the technique eliminates the necessity of placing sutures in deep, inaccessible areas. Tangential staple occlusion of common iliac aneurysms, allowing retrograde flow from the distal femoral anastomosis into the internal iliac artery, preserves pelvic visceral perfusion. Our experience in approximately 50 cases, employing the TA stapling device in a variety of aortoiliac artery operative situations, is outlined. PMID- 6980600 TI - [Treatment of chronic salpingo-oophoritis with a fluctuating current]. PMID- 6980601 TI - [Pelvioperitonitis]. PMID- 6980602 TI - [Proliferative activity of T-lymphocytes in puerperal suppurative-inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 6980603 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of the skin. Its nosological position in the spectrum of histiocytoid hemangioma. PMID- 6980604 TI - The purification of SP1-beta (pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein) using immobilized triazine dyes. PMID- 6980605 TI - A simple procedure for the synthesis of high specific activity tritiated (6S)-5 formyltetrahydrofolate. PMID- 6980607 TI - Electrochemical skin burn after transcutaneous electronerve analgesia. PMID- 6980608 TI - Radiographic evaluation of skeletal maturation. A clinically oriented method based on hand-wrist films. PMID- 6980606 TI - Esophageal lead for intraoperative electrocardiographic monitoring. AB - The use and safety of the esophageal electrocardiogram for detection and diagnosis of dysrhythmias or ischemia during anesthesia was compared with the conventional electrocardiogram using leads II and V5 in 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Using an intra-atrial electrocardiogram as the standard to provide detection and definitive diagnosis of dysrhythmias, the correct diagnosis from leads II and V5 was made in 53.8% and 42.3% of cases, respectively, whereas 100% of the dysrhythmias were properly diagnosed from the esophageal electrocardiogram (p less than 0.05). In two patients, the presence of a significant dysrhythmia was not detected using standard leads II and V5 alone. Large, distinct P waves, resulting from the proximity of the esophageal lead to the left atrium, clearly established the temporal relationship between atrial and ventricular depolarization. Posterior myocardial ischemia was diagnosed in one patient by ST-segment elevation in the esophageal electrocardiogram, whereas leads II and V5 did not demonstrate ischemic changes. No complications were encountered during the study. The esophageal lead is safe, simple to use, and provides valuable information for detection or diagnosis of dysrhythmias and myocardial ischemia during anesthesia. PMID- 6980609 TI - Abnormalities in the regulation of human IgE synthesis. PMID- 6980610 TI - Immunologic responses of the bovine fetus to parvovirus infection. AB - Effects of bovine parvovirus (PBV) infection on the bovine fetal immune system were studied. Five fetuses obtained by cesarean section at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 days after they were inoculated and 2 control fetuses at 130 and 153 days of gestation were studied. Virus was recovered from the BPV-inoculated fetuses. between 5 and 10 days postinoculation (PI) fetal blood lymphocyte counts tripled, due primarily to an increase in E-rosetting lymphocytes. There were transient increases in fetal serum immunoglobulin (Ig) M (peaking at PI day 20), marked and gradual increase in IgG1, and minimal increase of IgG2. Serum-neutralizing antibodies were detected at PI day 10 and increased to a titer of 1:2056 by day 60. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of all fetuses responded well to the nonspecific mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen. Histopathologically, there was lymphoid hyperplasia, most evident in lymph nodes draining the site of PBV inoculation. There was no indication of lymphoid depletion or necrosis in lymph nodes, spleen, or thymus of PBV-inoculated fetuses. These data indicate that under the conditions of this study, inoculation of the isolate of PBV may stimulate an immune response in the fetus. PMID- 6980611 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in smoking and lung cancer: Analysis of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. AB - In order to determine whether abnormalities of immunoregulatory T-cells occur in patients with lung cancer, we characterized peripheral T-lymphocytes in 26 patients with untreated lung cancer. The results in patients with primary squamous cancer (SC) (n = 10), primary adenocarcinoma (AC) (n = 7), and secondary lung metastases (M) (n = 9) were compared with each other and to subjects without cancer (n = 48), including nonsmokers (n = 29) and smokers (n = 19). We found that OKT3+ (mature, peripheral (T-lymphocytes, including both OkT4+ (inducer/helper) and OKT8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) lymphocytes, were increased in light-to-moderate smokers, but that OKT4+ cells were decreased n heavy smokers (p less than 0.05). The ratio of OKT4+ to OKT8+ (4/8) lymphocytes, reflecting the balance of immunoregulatory cells, was normal in light-to-moderate smokers, but was decreased in heavy smokers (p less than 0.05). The profile of circulating T cells in patients with SC was similar to the smokers. In contrast, in patients with AC, we found a decreased percentage of OKT8+ cells (p less than 0.05). The 4/8 ratio was elevated in patients with AC (p less than 0.05). In patients with M, there was a decreased percentage of OKT3+ cells reflected in both OKT4+ and OKT8+ subsets. The 4/8 ratio in patients with M was low. Thus, a number of abnormalities in circulating T-cells was found both in smokers and in patients with lung cancer. These results suggest that immunoregulatory abnormalities contribute to the pathogenesis of lung cancer. PMID- 6980612 TI - Quantitation of T-lymphocyte subsets in human bronchus mucosa. AB - Cells were isolated from human bronchus mucosa, and characterized according to a surface marker for sheep erythrocytes (T cells), to the presence of membrane associated immunoglobulin (B cells), and to the capacity to phagocytose latex particles (macrophages). The T lymphocytes were further characterized according to their capacity to bind to the Fc fragment of IgG, IgM, and IgA (T gamma, T mu, and T alpha cells, respectively). Less t alpha cells were found in acutely inflamed mucosa than in mucosa obtained from patients with chronic inflammatory, or neoplastic disease (p = less than 0.001). PMID- 6980613 TI - [Berger's disease. Study of eleven cases (author's transl)]. AB - Among 39 patients with recurrent hematuria, 11 accomplished criteria of Berger's disease. The frequent association between recurrent hematuria and upper respiratory tract infections as well as constant elevation of serum IgA are emphasized. Their finding as well as the deposition of IgA on the mesangium and C'3 without C1q and C'4 suggest an alternative activation of the complement system which could explain the role of the IgA in the pathogenesis of Berger's disease. The disease can begin as acute glomerulonephritis and occasionally as a nephrotic syndrome, and its' prognosis is generally good in most instances. PMID- 6980614 TI - Lymphoma with autoimmune neutropenia and hepatic sinusoidal infiltration: a syndrome. AB - A relation between lymphoma and autoimmune neutropenia, unlike autoimmune hemolytic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, has not previously been well documented. We report a patient with a disorder presenting as autoimmune agranulocytosis, splenomegaly, and infiltration of the hepatic sinusoids by lymphocytes. Antineutrophil antibodies were present. Over a 2 1/2-year period, the illness progressed to an aggressive, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with terminal liver failure and fibrosis. Peripheral blood lymphocyte markers identified the tumor as a proliferation of T-cells of the helper class. A review of previous literature disclosed other reports of similar patients who had neutropenia, a lymphoproliferative illness, and hepatic disease. Our case is representative of a previously unrecognized syndrome characterized by autoimmune neutropenia in the setting of a lymphoproliferative disorder of T cells, with a predilection for liver involvement. PMID- 6980615 TI - Improved color vision testing. AB - Pseudoisochromatic color vision testing plates have traditionally provided the clinician with screening-type information regarding the color with screening-type information regarding the color vision of patients. The introduction of a variable-color filter, through which the patient views these plates during testing, produces quantifiable results while exploiting the clinical advantages of the color plates. Thus, this approach allows the quick classification and quantification of color vision defects in a clinical setting. The results of this study on 153 subjects show that a variable-color filter combined with a series of traditional pseudoisochromatic plates can be successfully used on patients in a typical ophthalmology clinic to identify normal persons, protanopes, and deuteranopes. The results of the new test correlated well with those of standard tests. PMID- 6980617 TI - [Comparative efficacy of multidirectional and computed tomography in the diagnosis of tumors of the pontocerebellar angle (author's transl)]. AB - Extensive investigation of 41 patients highly suspected of having pontocerebellar angle tumors led to the detection of 21 surgically confirmed tumors. Precise criteria, involving numerical rating of sensitivity and specificity, were applied to compare the diagnostic reliability of multidirectional and computed tomography. An analysis of the diagnostic value of internal auditory canal anomalies demonstrated the obvious superiority of 3 mm as against 6 to 9 mm scanner sections, and the good correlation between the anomalies detected by these thin scanner sections and those obtained by tomography. Above all, however, the efficacy of thin scanner sections appears to be markedly superior to that of tomography, as 80 p.cent of tumors were visualized without false positives even when the internal auditory canal was normal. The number of cisternography examinations was thus considerably reduced. This efficacy of thin scanner sections varied as a function of the tumor size : all those of 2 cm diameter or more were detected by the scanner, 50 p.cent of those between 1 and 2 cm by both the scanner and tomography, the latter being more effective for detecting tumors less than 1 cm in diameter. The availability of the 4th generation scanner will markedly increase its effectiveness. PMID- 6980616 TI - [Treatment of tinnitus by mean of electric transcutaneous stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - In about a third of cases transcutaneous stimulation during a few minute by mean of electric square waves substantially improves severe tinnitus. This very simple treatment must be frequently repeated two or three times to be successful. If a notable improvement is not obtained after two or three attempts, failure must be considered as certain. The parameters of these stimulation are described and clinical results are reported. The mechanism of these improvement is uncertain. PMID- 6980618 TI - Defective 11 beta hydroxylation in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 6980619 TI - Defective mitogenic responses in myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis. AB - Using in vitro lymphocyte proliferation induced by the phytomitogen concanavalin A (Con A), we investigated immune function and regulation in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of normal individuals responded to a wide range of ConA concentrations; the T cell fraction responded to a lesser degree and only to high concentrations. These findings suggest the presence of two receptors for ConA, one of high affinity present on a non-T cell accessory cell and the other of low affinity present on T cells. Contrasting defects in the level of response of unfractionated lymphocytes and T cells were found in patients with MG and MS. The peak response of T cells in the MG patients was 22.6 +/- 9.6 X 10(3) cpm (mean +/ SEM) compared with 54.6 +/- 6.5 X 10(3) for controls (p less than 0.05), while the response of unfractionated lymphocytes did not differ from that in controls. For MS patients, the unfractionated lymphocyte response was diminished: 56.3 +/ 2.8 X 10(3) cpm versus 70.5 +/- 4.5 X 10(3) for controls (p less than 0.05), while the T cell response was normal. These results indicate a defect in the direct T cell response in MG; in contract, in MS the response requiring T cell accessory cell interaction is abnormal. PMID- 6980620 TI - [Effect of penicillin and erythromycin on immunity in angina]. AB - The number of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood of patients with quinsy was practically the same with the use of either penicillin (101 persons) or erythromycin (115 persons). The immunoglobulin concentration in the patients treated with penicillin at the beginning of the disease was normal, while during the period of reconvalescence the concentration of IgA and IgM increased. The concentration of IgA in the patients treated with erythromycin decreased at the beginning of the disease, especially when the disease was repeated. During the reconvalescence period it came to normal, while the level of IgM increased. When the patients were treated with penicillin, the increase in the titers of antistreptolysine-0- and antistreptokinase in the course of the disease was observed in 17.5 and 33.3 per cent of the patients, respectively. When the patients were treated with erythromycin the respective figures were 29.1 and 53.0 per cent. The shifts in the count of blood neutrophils including the functionally active ones in both groups of the patients were the same. It is concluded that penicillin prevented formation of humoral immunity in patients with quinsy because of its rapid antibacterial effect eliminating stimulation of the host immunocompetent cells. Erythromycin in addition inhibited production of IgA. The antibiotics had no effect on the number of T- and B-lymphocytes and neutrophils in the blood and function of T-lymphocytes and microphages. PMID- 6980621 TI - In vitro development of rifampin resistance in clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Although all of 14 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b strains demonstrated rifampin susceptibility in vitro (minimal inhibitory concentration less than or equal to 0.4 microgram/ml) when an inoculum of 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) was used, 10 of the 14 strains manifested resistance to this agent when an inoculum of 10(8) CFU was tested. The mutation rate for rifampin resistance ranged from 1 resistant colony per 3.5 x 10(6) CFU to 1 per 4 x 10(7) CFU. The emergence of rifampin-resistant mutants was prevented when trimethoprim was combined with rifampin. This finding suggests that when used alone for prophylaxis of H. influenzae type b nasopharyngeal carriers, rifampin is likely to lead to the emergence of resistant strains. PMID- 6980622 TI - Comparative tolerability of ampicillin, amoxicillin, and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole suspensions in children with otitis media. AB - The tolerabilities of ampicillin, amoxicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) suspensions were evaluated in 263 children with otitis media. Because of watery stools, therapy was discontinued in 6 of 83 patients treated with ampicillin, in none of 89 patients treated with amoxicillin (P less than 0.01), and in 1 of 91 patients treated with TMP-SMX (P less than 0.03). Of the patients who completed the treatment courses, 13 recipients of ampicillin suffered loose or watery stools for 4 or more days, compared with 6 of the amoxicillin recipients (P less than 0.04) and 5 of the TMP-SMX recipients (P less than 0.02). Thus, ampicillin was clearly less well tolerated than either amoxicillin or TMP SMX. PMID- 6980624 TI - In vitro activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin against 98 clinical isolates of Brucella melitensis compared with those of cefoxitin, rifampin, tetracycline, and co-trimoxazole. AB - IN vitro susceptibilities of 98 isolates of Brucella melitensis to N-formimidoyl thienamycin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, rifampin, and cefoxitin were determined. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin showed good activity which was similar to those of tetracycline and rifampin and different from that of the other beta lactam antibiotic tested (cefoxitin), which showed poor activity. Co-trimoxazole showed good activity. PMID- 6980625 TI - beta-Lactamases of Branhamella catarrhalis and their inhibition by clavulanic acid. AB - Three of four clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis from Belgium produced a beta-lactamase identical to enzymes previously reported to occur in French and British isolates of this organism. One strain, however, produced a new type of beta-lactamase. Both beta-lactamase types were readily inhibited by low concentrations of clavulanic acid. PMID- 6980623 TI - Emergence of rifampin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Rifampin susceptibility of nasopharyngeal Haemophilus influenzae strains was determined before and after community-wide chemoprophylaxis with rifampin (children) and sequential minocycline-rifampin (adults). All strains were rifampin susceptible before prophylaxis, but 10.3% of the strains at 1 week and 7.5% of the strains at 9 weeks after prophylaxis were rifampin resistant. PMID- 6980626 TI - Characterization of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus parainfluenzae. AB - Carriage of ampicillin-resistant (Ampr) Haemophilus parainfluenzae has become frequent among children in our community, although carriage of Ampr Haemophilus influenzae remains uncommon. In this study we characterized the mechanism of ampicillin resistance in 27 representative isolates of H. parainfluenzae. As determined by isoelectric focusing, each isolate had a TEM-1 beta-lactamase; substrate profiles assessed for enzymes from 10 strains were also consistent with TEM-1 enzyme. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed a plasmid of 23 to 34 megadaltons in each isolate and a small plasmid (less than or equal to 4 megadaltons) in 14 isolates. Transfer of ampicillin resistance to H. influenzae Rd was achieved during membrane mating with 14 of 15 donors. The transconjugants exhibited high-level ampicillin resistance (greater than or equal to 50 micrograms/ml), which was stable despite serial passage of isolates on antibiotic free media. The transconjugants tested retained fertility. Cryptic plasmids were discovered in 7 of 25 antibiotic-susceptible H. parainfluenzae isolates. Our data suggest that H. parainfluenzae may play an important role in the exchange of Ampr genes among throat bacteria. PMID- 6980627 TI - Modulation by cyclosporin A of murine natural resistance against herpes simplex virus infection. I. Interference with the susceptibility to herpes simplex virus infection. AB - Adult BALB/c mice which are medium-high resistant against intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) manifested a drastic increase in susceptibility to the virus when treated locally with cyclosporin A (CyA) during infection. Oral application of the drug had no effect on the natural resistance status. Mice appeared normal 2 weeks after CyA treatment with regard to their ability to resist i.p. infections. CyA did not interfere with established specific immune protection nor with the induction in immune responses to HSV-2. PMID- 6980628 TI - Promoting healing of bone tissue. PMID- 6980629 TI - Studies on the NADH and NADPH: riboflavin 5'-phosphate (FMN) oxidoreductases from Beneckea harveyi: characterization of the FMN binding sites. PMID- 6980630 TI - Calcium inhibition of adenylate cyclase: studies in turkey erythrocyte and S49 CYC- cell membranes. PMID- 6980632 TI - Saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass graft in a dog: thirteen-year follow-up. AB - A reversed autogenous saphenous vein graft placed between the ascending aorta and the nonstenosed circumflex coronary artery in a dog was studied thirteen years after operation. The aortic anastomosis was round despite the fact that only a slit aortotomy was originally made. The heel side of the distal anastomosis was narrowed but the toe side was not. The intimal thickening was very minimal, and the elastic membrane was intact. PMID- 6980631 TI - C2 deficient systemic lupus erythematosus: its association with anti-Ro (SSA) antibodies. AB - C2 deficiency is the most common complement component deficiency. While individuals with C2 deficiency may be completely normal, a lupus erythematosus like disease process has developed in some. A 28-year-old woman had a chronic photodermatitis, arthralgias, and mesangial lupus nephritis, She has C2 deficiency associated with an HLA-Dw2 transplantation antigen. Her serum has shown antibodies to the macromolecule Ro (the A antigen in Sjogren's syndrome), while failing to demonstrate antinuclear antibodies in routine laboratory determinations. PMID- 6980633 TI - Barium enema examinations v endoscopy. PMID- 6980634 TI - [The use of diadynamic currents in minor sports injuries]. PMID- 6980635 TI - [Therapy of chronic alcoholism in the early stage]. PMID- 6980636 TI - Internal mammary arteriovenous fistula after sternotomy. AB - A patient who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery was found to have a continuous murmur two weeks postoperatively. The diagnosis of internal mammary arteriovenous fistula was made by arteriography, which ruled out a more serious complication involving a saphenous vein to coronary artery anastomosis. The fistula was approached through the intercostal spaces above and below and ligated without difficulty. These are rare occurrences, usually asymptomatic, and are treated by ligation or ligation and excision. The etiology was thought to be closure of the median sternotomy incision with parasternal wires. PMID- 6980637 TI - The toxicity of p-benzoquinone on the central nervous system of the cockroach. AB - The behavioural symptoms of acute-p-benzoquinone intoxication in the cockroach were shown to be an initial excitation followed by rigid paralysis. p Benzoquinone produced a depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane of the giant neurones in the 6th abdominal ganglion of the cockroach which was accompanied by an increase in the electrically evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential. The frequency and amplitude of unitary postsynaptic potentials also increased. These effects may be due to inhibition of active cation transport, as illustrated here on the frog isolated skin. PMID- 6980638 TI - Detection and characterization of a lymphocyte proliferating factor (LPF) in plasma of SJL/J mice infected with the LDH virus. AB - Infection of 25- to 30-week-old SJL/J mice with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) virus resulted in a transitory T-cell lymphocytopenia. However, in 40- to 45-week old animals, the initial lymphocytopenia was followed by persistent elevations in the peripheral leukocyte counts (B and T lymphocytes). Studies indicated that this difference had its basis in a plasma factor, termed lymphocyte proliferating factor (LPF), which was induced by infection of older SJL/J mice with the LDH virus. Further experimentation revealed that plasma LPF was sensitive to storage at -60 degrees C, to heating at 90 degrees C, and to treatment with DNase. These results suggested an identification of LPF as DNA. This possibility was supported by the demonstration of LPF activity in association with DNA extracts (blood, spleen and lymph nodes from LDH virus-infected mice) which was inactivated by DNase. PMID- 6980640 TI - Ocular torticollis caused by refractive error. PMID- 6980639 TI - Leukoplasmapheresis for myasthenia gravis. Acetylcholine receptor antibody production. PMID- 6980641 TI - Cholesterol granuloma of the cerebellopontine angle. AB - Two unusual cases of cholesterol granuloma of the temporal bone manifested as cerebellopontine angle tumors. To our knowledge, cerebellopontine angle extension of this lesion has not previously been reported. Obstruction of ventilation and drainage of any air complex in the temporal bone may produce cholesterol granuloma. Asymptomatic involvement of the mastoid air cell system is common in chronic otitis media. Surgical management of cholesterol granuloma with cerebellopontine angle extension is recommended. Total excision of the lesion is preferred; marsupialization into the mastoid air cell system is an alternative if excision would produce a major neurologic deficit. PMID- 6980643 TI - Nystagmus as seen by the neurologist. PMID- 6980642 TI - Acute epiglottitis and bacteremia with ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Acute epiglottitis in adults occurs more frequently than generally realized. Haemophilus influenzae type b is the major causative agent. While H influenzae resistant to ampicillin sodium has been associated with epiglottitis in children, no adult cases have been reported. We describe a 48-year-old woman with epiglottitis and associated typical rapid onset of sore throat, fever, respiratory distress, and swollen, red supraglottic structures. Blood cultures were positive for beta-lactamase-producing, ampicillin-resistant H influenzae. We conclude that H influenzae resistant to ampicillin should be considered when diagnosing and treating adult epiglottitis. PMID- 6980644 TI - Electroencephalographic correlates of behavior in the anurans bufo regularis and Rana temporaria. PMID- 6980646 TI - Exposure of cells to an acidic environment reverses the inhibition by methylamine of the mitogenic response to epidermal growth factor. PMID- 6980647 TI - Partial characterization of a specific high affinity binding macromolecule for 24R,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in differentiating skeletal mesenchyme. PMID- 6980645 TI - Delta 2- and delta 3-cephalosporins, penicillinate and 6-unsubstituted penems. Intrinsic reactivity and interaction with beta-lactamases and D-alanyl-D-alanine cleaving serine peptidases. AB - The intrinsic reactivity of delta 2- and delta 3-deacetoxy-7 phenylacetamidocephalosporanates, penicillanate, unsubstituted, 2-methyl- and 2 phenyl-penems and other beta-lactam antibiotics has been expressed in terms of the second-order rate constant (M-1.s-1(OH-)) for the hydrolysis of the beta lactam amide bond by OH- at 37 degrees C. The values thus obtained have been compared with the second-order rate constants (M-1.s-1(enzyme) for the opening of the same beta-lactam amide bond during interaction with the beta-lactamases of Streptomyces albus G and Actinomadura R39 and the D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving serine peptidases of Streptomyces R61 and Actinomadura R39. Depending on the cases, the accelerating effect due to enzyme action and expressed by the ratio M 1.s-1(enzyme)/M-1.s-1(OH) varies from less than 2 to more than 1 x 10(6). The primary parameter that governs enzyme action is the goodness of fit of the beta lactam molecule to the enzyme cavity rather than its intrinsic reactivity. With the D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving serine peptidases, the three penems studied form intermediate complexes characterized by very short half lives of 14-100 s, values significantly lower than those exhibited by most beta-lactam compounds. PMID- 6980651 TI - Anti-nRNP and anti-Sm antibodies. PMID- 6980648 TI - Formation of an inactive cytochrome P-450 Fe(II)-metabolite complex after administration of troleandomycin in humans. AB - In rats, it has been shown that troleandomycin induces its own transformation into a metabolite forming an inactive complex with reduced cytochrome P-450. To determine whether similar effects occur in humans, we studied hepatic microsomes from 6 untreated patients and 6 patients treated with troleandomycin, 2 g per os daily for 7 days. In the treated patients, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity was increased by 48%; total cytochrome P-450 concentration was also increased, but 33% of total cytochrome P-450 was complexed by a troleandomycin metabolite. The cytochrome P-450 Fe(II)-metabolite complex exhibited properties identical to those of the inactive complex formed in rats: it exhibited a Soret peak at 456 nm, was unable to bind CO, and was destroyed by addition of 50 microM potassium ferricyanide. We also measured the clearance of antipyrine in 6 other subjects. This clearance was decreased by 45% when measured again on te seventh day of the troleandomycin treatment. We conclude that repeated administration of troleandomycin induces microsomal enzymes, produces an inactive cytochrome P-450 Fe(II)-metabolite complex, and decreases the clearance of antipyrine in humans. PMID- 6980649 TI - Monoclonal lupus autoantibodies. PMID- 6980650 TI - Special antibodies for the study of systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis. PMID- 6980652 TI - Specificity of anti-histone antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6980653 TI - Genetic investigations in some N.E. Indian populations. PMID- 6980655 TI - [Effect of high-frequency percutaneous stimulation on experimental pain]. AB - Ten healthy volunteers were submitted to an experimental pain test performed by electrical stimulation of one tooth, before and after 20 min high-frequency (300 Hz) electrical stimulation, for the purpose of relieving pain, delivered to the lip or to three other somatotopically non related areas. The stimulation of the lip only showed a statistically significant analgesic action. The effect was remarkable (31% of total pain relief) and of the same order of magnitude at any intensity level of the tooth stimulation, the threshold being affected too. It is concluded that a central inhibitory mechanism, activated by large afferents input, should subserve this kind of analgetic procedure. PMID- 6980654 TI - [The nature of urea transport across the skin of of Rana esculenta]. AB - In several epithelial tissues such as toad bladder, gallbladder and human red cells, it has been established that urea movement implies a phloretin sensitive mediated transport. In the skin of the toad Bufo viridis also it has been described an active transport of urea. Our data, obtained on the frog skin seem to demonstrate the existence of some specific mechanism for urea transport towards the inside solution. In fact, two molecules having the some molecular diameter, such as urea and thiourea, show a large difference in permeability at low concentration. In addition 0.1 mM urea influxes and outfluxes, measured on paired skin halves in the absence of concentration gradient, exhibit an evident asymmetry. Further approaches with phloretin experiments were made in order to characterize the urea transport system. Phloretin (5.10(-4)M) added to the external solution significantly inhibits the urea influx. Little can be said at this time about the composition or kinetics of the carrier involved in the transport. PMID- 6980656 TI - On the functional macro- and microstructure of the lymphatic system. In memory of Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902). AB - The mutual basis of the unspecific as well as the specific defense system is the reticular connective tissue which is closely related to the mesenchyma. Its fixed and free elements make up the stroma and "parenchyma" of the lymphatic organs. As carriers of specific defense the immunocompetent T- and B-lymphocytes are "stamped" in the lymphoepithelial organs and the embryonic liver. The proliferation and differentiation of the immunocytes and plasma cells which are responsible for the cellular and humoral immunity ensues in the lymphoreticular organs (lymph nodes and spleen). These "lymphatic organs in a narrow sense" which are also the focal points of the RES and RHS are still of major interest. The topography, macro- and micromorphology of the lymphoreticular organs are therefore the actual topic of this review which also covers the lymph vessel system with due attention. The lymph nodes are of pre-eminent interest: It is the primary intent of this paper to improve the understanding of their practical importance for the pathophysiology of the lymphatic system from the standpoint of normal functional anatomy. For lack of space and time alone, it was impossible to include a discussion of the just so acute and problematic morphobiology of the spleen. PMID- 6980657 TI - Haemodynamic effects of midazolam and thiopentone during induction of anaesthesia for coronary artery surgery. AB - The cardiovascular effects of thiopentone 3 mg kg-1 and midazolam 0.3 mg kg-1 were observed during induction of anaesthesia in 16 premedicated patients about to undergo myocardial revascularization. There were no significant changes in either group in cardiac output or central venous pressure. The heart rate in both groups showed an increase at 3 min and thereafter returned to control values. After 3 min, there was a significant decrease in both arterial pressure and peripheral resistance by 12% and 15% (mean values) respectively from control values in the group receiving midazolam, whereas after thiopentone the peripheral resistance increased by approximately 13% and was not affected by a further dose of thiopentone 1 mg kg-1. PMID- 6980659 TI - Functions of peripheral-blood monocytes and granulocytes in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - Granulocyte and monocyte functions (phagocytosis, intracellular killing, chemokinesis and chemotaxis) and the opsonic and chemotactic activity of the serum of twenty-two patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma were assessed. Granulocyte functions were within the normal control range in most cases. The monocyte functions showed more variation in the test results; in six out of twenty-two patients intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus was depressed and in four out of ten patients a disturbance in monocyte chemotaxis was found. Two patients with a decreased chemotactic response also had an impaired capacity to kill S. aureus. No correlation was found between the cell disturbance and susceptibility to infection, stage of the disease, or clinical course in these patients. PMID- 6980658 TI - Aluminium hydroxide granulomas: light and electron microscopic studies and X-ray microanalysis. PMID- 6980660 TI - Sunscreens block the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase by ultraviolet-B radiation: a new way of evaluating sunscreen efficacy in vivo. AB - Two proprietary sunscreen preparations containing para-aminobenzoic acid and sulisobenzone, respectively, were tested for their ability to block the induction of ornithine decarboxylase by medium wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) in the epidermis of the hairless mouse. Both preparations were effective, the sunscreen treated animals requiring more radiation for ornithine decarboxylase induction. The UV dose-dependent gradients were reduced by a mean factor of 7.35 (sulisobenzone) and 15 (PABA). These figures correlate well with other in vivo sunscreen assays. This new method provides a simple and reproducible way of evaluating sunscreens in vivo. PMID- 6980662 TI - Thymic irradiation in T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 6980661 TI - Effects of human serum on the release of haemopoietic growth factors. PMID- 6980663 TI - Cell lines derived from a human myelomonocytic leukaemia. AB - Two cell lines have been isolated from separate samples, taken at the same time, from the peripheral blood of a case of myelomonocytic leukaemia. One of these (CESS-B) is a typical B cell line obtained after treatment of the peripheral blood white cells with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The second line (RC-2) is a monocyte-macrophage type, originally isolated by 5 months continuous culture in the presence of colony stimulating factor (CSF). Subsequently, after further culture, this line has become autonomous (RC-2A), no longer requiring CSF for maintenance of proliferation, whilst retaining the characteristics of the original line. PMID- 6980664 TI - The morphology and cytochemistry of human T-cell subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies and Fc receptors. AB - Leu 2a+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) and Leu 3a+ (helper/inducer) T-cell subsets of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, respectively showed 50 +/- 22% (range 31-92%) and 82 +/- 9% (range 69 93%) dot non-specific esterase (NSE) and 48 +/- 20% (range 31-91%) and 79 +/- 10% (range 64-92%) dot acid-phosphatase (APase) staining. Mature T cells defined by monoclonal antibody (UCHT1) displayed 81% and 79% dot NSE and APase positivity, while E-rosetting cells not staining with UCHT1 showed only 15% and 10% dot positivity and were generally larger cells with more abundant cytoplasm. Examination of Fc-rosetting cells within the different T-cell subsets showed that dot positivity was not directly related to microFc receptor (microFcR) expression; particularly among Leu 2a+ lymphocytes, many microFcR+ cells lacked dot staining. It is concluded that dot staining for hydrolytic enzymes is a marker of true T-cells (as defined by monoclonal antibodies), although a minority of such cells (approximately 20%) lack this staining pattern. Although Leu 3a+ cells display a higher percentage of dot positivity than do Leu 2a+ cells, the difference is not clinically useful, and the two cell populations are not readily distinguishable on morphological grounds. The previously reported association between dot staining and microFc receptor expression is shown to be an indirect one, attributable to the fact that most T-cells, defined by monoclonal antisera, possess microFcR whereas most E+ UCHT1- cells lack microFcR. PMID- 6980665 TI - The effect of deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine on deoxyribonucleotide concentrations in leukaemic cells. AB - Intracellular deoxynucleoside triphosphate pools of normal bone marrow, thymocytes and cells from patients with ALL and AML were measured after 2 h incubation with deoxycoformycin (dCF) 10(-5) M and deoxyadenosine (AdR) 10(-4) M in vitro and after another 30 min incubation in the absence of dCF and AdR ('chase' experiment). Incubation with dCF and AdR resulted in a significant rise of dATP concentrations in all groups (the highest rises occurring in the leukaemic groups particularly in AML and Thy-ALL). The concentrations of the other three deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates fell in all groups. The dATP level fell during the 'chase' period but in Thy-ALL and thymocytes this fall was insignificant and slower than in the other groups. This suggests that not only intracellular build-up of dATP but also the capacity of the cell to degrade dATP is important for in vivo cytotoxicity of dCF treatment. These results help to explain the differences in response to dCF of the different leukaemias. PMID- 6980666 TI - Life-threatening bleeding due to an acquired inhibitor to factor XII-XI successfully treated with 'activated' prothrombin complex concentrate (FEIBA) PMID- 6980667 TI - HLA DR antigens in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia long survival. PMID- 6980670 TI - Light-dependent phosphorylation of rhodopsin: number of phosphorylation sites. PMID- 6980669 TI - Prevalence of trachoma among children in East Jerusalem in 1980. AB - In a ophthalmic survey conducted in East Jerusalem during 1980 comprising 8896 nursery and primary school children aged 3 to 12 years not a single case of active trachoma could be detected. A similar study carried out in 1968, encompassing the same geographical area, revealed a prevalence of 6.4% among the school children and of 12.5% among the nursery school infants, while a subsequent survey performed in 1971, including the same population age group, showed a sharp decrease in the incidence of trachoma to a level as low as l%. This gradual and continuous decline in the prevalence of the disease towards its end point of apparent eradication was preceded by a marked improvement in the socioeconomic status and personal and public hygiene of the general population. PMID- 6980668 TI - Anterior segment consequences of blunt ocular injury. AB - The anterior segments of 212 eyes (205 patients) were evaluated one to 14 years after contusional eye injuries. Anterior chamber angle recession was the commonest complication, occurring in 153 of 190 eyes examined (80.5%). However, only one patient developed ocular hypertension. Iris abnormalities were found in 37.3% of eye injured, the most common abnormalities being marginal tears and pupillary defects. Cataract or lens dislocation attributable to trauma occurred in 24.5% of eyes, but most lens opacities were localised, stationary, and not associated with significant loss of vision. 15.4% of eyes developing lens opacities had cataract extraction within 18 months of the injury. Functional corneal sequelae were rare, but occasionally corneal opacities masked perforating injuries. PMID- 6980672 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of acetate metabolism in intact cells of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance was used to study the metabolism of [2 (13)C]acetate in suspensions of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. In the dark, in logarithmic-phase cells the 13C label appeared first in butyrate C-2 and C-4 and subsequently in glutamate C-4 and succinate C-2 and C-3. In the light, synthesis of poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) takes place. Butyrate synthesis seems to be independent of PHB synthesis or degradation activity. Starved, logarithmic-phase cells also show massive synthesis of PHB in the dark. Stationary-phase cells incorporate 13C predominantly into glutamate and succinate. No significant butyrate biosynthesis can be detected in the dark or during illumination. The incorporation of label in PHB is very slow in these cells and most probably originates from exchange of 12C for 13C into PHB. This might indicate slow turnover without net synthesis of the polymer occurring under these conditions. The results are discussed in relation to the redox state and the availability of metabolic energy for biosynthetic reactions in the dark and during illumination of cell suspensions of Rps. sphaeroides. PMID- 6980671 TI - A study of a covalent-like interaction between soluble nascent C4b and C4-binding protein. AB - In the classical pathway of complement, the interaction between C4b and C4bp can be considered as a control of the C3 convertase formation. Purified C4-binding protein (C4bp) interacts with soluble nascent C4b to form covalent-like complexes; the interaction is also possible with nascent C4b-like C4, but not with C4, C4b or C4b-like C4. Formation of the complexes upon incubation of C4bp, C4 and C1s appears to involve a single link between a subunit of C4bp and the alpha' chain of C4b, as observed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in reducing conditions (160 000 dalton band). In non-reducing conditions, a mixture of C4b-C4bp complexes is observed as a function of the C4b:C4bp molar ratio, with apparent molecular weights differing by a value of 210 000 and reflecting different C4b-C4bp associations. A maximum of five molecules of C4b are bound per molecule of C4bp, which appears to consist of 10 subunits of apparent molecular weight 72 000. The link between C4b and C4bp is partially destroyed by 1 M hydroxylamine at pH 9.0; its formation is strongly inhibited by 3.5 mM hydroxylamine or 60 mM methylamine at pH 9.0. These findings suggest an ester or amide bond between the activated carboxyl group of the thioester bridge in the alpha' or alpha chain of nascent C4b or C4b-like C4 and a hydroxyl or amino group of C4bp. Thus, C4bp might compete with other C4b acceptors such as membranes or IgG. PMID- 6980673 TI - Lymphocyte nuclear refringence in two inbred strains of rat. Modifications of NRT during adjuvant arthritis. AB - Nuclear refringence test (NRT) was studied in two inbred strains of rats: Lewis (LEW) and Wistar AG (WAG), the first develops a severe arthritis while the later only slight inflammation. Before adjuvant injection, a good NRT to ConA, PHA and Isoprinosine was observed in LEW but a poor one in WAG. After adjuvant injection a striking difference appears between the two strains concerning ConA response: in LEW the response is significantly lower on day 14, while in WAG the initial poor response is not modified. These data suggest that in WAG the suppressor T lymphocytes are already activated in vivo and are no longer responsive in vitro. The responses to PHA and Isoprinosine are parallel in both strains, the NRT response diminishes on day 14 in LEW and on day 21 in WAG. PMID- 6980674 TI - Modeling the rod outer segment birefringence change correlated with metarhodopsin II formation. AB - A rapid birefringence loss associated with metarhodopsin II formation, delta (delta n) MII, is produced when frog rod outer segments are exposed to a bleaching light flash. To analyze the nature of the underlying structure change, measurements of delta (delta n) MII were made in rod outer segments perfused with glycerol solutions to increase the refractive index of the cytoplasmic and intradisk spaces. Comparisons of experimental results with computed changes in the form birefringence component using two- and three-dielectric outer segment models for several putative structure changes were made. It is concluded that delta (delta n) MII can be due to either a change in the intrinsic birefringence component caused by the reorientation of anisotropic molecules, or to a change in the form birefringence component caused by small changes in the cytoplasmic and/or intradisk volumes. PMID- 6980676 TI - Monocyte-macrophage-derived acidic isoferritins: normal feedback regulators of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in vitro. AB - The recent identification of a leukemia-associated inhibitory activity (LIA) against granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) as acidic isoferritins has now led to detection of this activity in normal bone marrow and blood cells. Detection of this activity depends on stimulation of CFU-GM by granulocyte macrophage colony stimulatory factors (GM-CSF), and some conditioned media (CM) sources of GM-CSF (human placental and monocyte, mouse macrophage and WEHI-3) contained low levels of acidic isoferritin that lowered colony formation. Inactivation or removal of this activity increased the stimulatory capacity of the CM. CM depleted of acidic isoferritins or CM originally devoid of this activity (human GCT, 5637, Mo, lymphocytes: mouse L cells or pokeweed-mitogen stimulated spleen cells) increased the sensitivity of the assay to detect acidic isoferritin inhibitory activity. This activity was selectively contained and released from normal monocytes and macrophages. Restriction of this activity to mononuclear phagocytes was substantiated, as only continuous cell lines of monocytes and macrophages or lines capable of induction to this lineage contained and released acidic isoferritin inhibitory activity. The cells of origin and target cells of action suggest that acidic isoferritin-inhibitory activity can be considered as a negative feedback regulator, at least in vitro. PMID- 6980675 TI - Pharmacological dissection of charge movement in frog skeletal muscle fibers. AB - When charge movement is measured from muscle fibers bathed in a moderately hypertonic solution, a secondary hump appears in the decay phase of the signal during the "on" of the test pulse. The hump can be suppressed by the application of dantrolene sodium or tetracaine. The amount of charge associated with the hump is approximately 20-25% of the total charge. All the observed properties of the hump charge are consistent with the possibility that it is more closely associated with calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and thus more relevant to excitation-contraction coupling, than the rest of the charge. PMID- 6980677 TI - T-cell lymphoma and the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. AB - The majority of patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) develop a lymphoproliferative disorder during the accelerated phase of the disease. Controversy exists regarding the benign versus malignant nature of this cellular proliferation. For the first time, we have characterized the immunologic cell markers on the cellular infiltrate in a lymph node from a patient with CHS. The infiltrate was composed almost entirely of T cells, with histopathologic features consistent with a non-Hodgkin's T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6980678 TI - Peripheral blood myeloid progenitor cell cultures in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome (CFU-eos in hypereosinophilic syndrome). AB - Myeloid progenitor cell cultures (CFU-C) were established in a double-layer agar system with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Normal controls produced 49% +/- 3.5% eosinophil colonies; results in 7 of the 13 HES patients were within the normal range, while in 5, the proportion of eosinophil colonies was greater than 3 standard deviations above the normal mean, and in 1 patient there was a low proportion of eosinophil colonies. The production of an increased proportion of eosinophil colonies correlated with more aggressive disease. Experiments in which normal progenitor cells were cultured over feeder layers of mononuclear cells demonstrated that cells of 3 of the 5 patients had an excess production of eosinophil colony-stimulating activity. When HES patients progenitor cells were cultured over normal feeder layers, 2 of the 5 patient samples continued to produce an increased proportion of eosinophil colonies, suggesting that these patients have an excess proportion of progenitor cells committed to eosinophil differentiation. Thus, the results demonstrated heterogeneity of growth characteristics for the HES patients. None, however, had the colony growth characteristic of acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 6980679 TI - Evaluation of E-rosetting human lymphocytes with OKT11 and other monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibody OKT11 was found to compete with sheep red blood cells for binding sites on human lymphocytes. Preincubation of lymphocytes with OKT11 eliminated E-rosette formation. In a study of 142 peripheral blood samples ranging from 1% to over 90% E-rosette-positive cells, comparison to the percent OKT11-positive cells yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.93. In normal donors, subsets of OKT11+ cells were identified using two-color immunofluorescent staining methods with OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8. On the average, approximately 13% of OKT11+ lymphocytes were OKT3- and 13% of OKT11+ lymphocytes were OKT4- and OKT8-. Based on our double antibody fluorescence intensity data, low antigen density OKT11+ lymphocytes were OKT3-. OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes in normal peripheral lymphocytes have similar OKT11 antigen density. PMID- 6980680 TI - A chronic impairment of colour vision in users of LSD. AB - Forty-six users of the hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide were compared with 31 controls on a test of colour discrimination an average of two years after their last exposure to the drug. Controls performed better than users, and LSD users without flashbacks performed better than users with flashbacks. An analysis of variance between the three groups was significant at P less than 0.001. This study suggests that some users of LSD may have a sustained or irreversible impairment in colour discrimination. PMID- 6980681 TI - Angiodysplasia and Meckel's diverticulum: a congenital association? AB - Five patients under the age of 21 years are described in whom a Meckel's diverticulum was found in association with angiodysplasia of the caecum or ascending colon. Angiodysplasia has only been observed previously in patients over the age of 35 years and its demonstration in 5 young patients with Meckel's diverticulum points not only to an association between the two disorders, but suggests that angiodysplasia may have a congenital aetiology. PMID- 6980682 TI - Characteristics of Haemophilus ducreyi. A study. AB - In a study of 13 local and four reference strains of Haemophilus ducreyi all grew well on a selective medium consisting of Bacto proteose No 3 agar (Difco), soluble starch, IsoVitalex, human blood, and vancomycin. All the strains reduced nitrate, were alkaline-phosphatase-positive, and (with one exception) used glucose, fructose, and mannose, beta-lactamase was produced by 12 local strains. Erythromycin was the the most effective antibiotic tested, followed by streptomycin, co-trimoxazole, and spectinomycin. PMID- 6980683 TI - Male carriage of Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - The prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis in the urethra of 430 men attending a clinic for sexually transmitted disease was 11.4%; it was significantly higher in heterosexuals (14.5%) than in homosexuals (4.5%). There was no evidence of rectal or subpreputial carriage of G vaginalis, and urethral carriage was not associated with symptoms of urethritis. PMID- 6980684 TI - Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and its principal metabolites and their activity against Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - The hydroxy metabolite of metronidazole was found to be more active against 21 strains of Gardnerella vaginalis than the parent compound and less affected by culture in carbon dioxide. After 400 mg oral metronidazole (Flagyl) plasma concentrations of the two agents were below the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for most G vaginalis strains tested. With 2 g metronidazole the plasma concentrations exceeded the MICs of the more sensitive strains. Even with the lower dose of metronidazole clinically useful concentration of metronidazole and its hydroxy metabolite were present in the urine. Urinary excretion of these compounds may contribute to the efficacy of metronidazole in the treatment of vaginitis associated with G vaginalis. PMID- 6980685 TI - Isoenzyme characterisation of Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - Clones of 32 strains of Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from patients attending a venereal diseases clinic were compared among themselves and with authentic Pentatrichomonas hominis on the basis of their isoenzyme patterns for eight enzymes by thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis. The enzymes examined were: glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI); phosphoglucomutase (PGM); malic enzyme (NADP+) (ME); hexokinase (HK); malate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (MDH); glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD); aldolase (ALD); and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). From the isoenzyme patterns of four enzymes (LDH, MDH, HK, and GPI) the strains of T vaginalis could be divided clearly into five groups. PGM showed differences in only one strain, while two other enzyme patterns (ME and ALD) were the same for all the strains of T vaginalis tested. All isolates were clearly distinguishable from P hominis. Although G6PD patterns were not sharp some differences were evident among T vaginalis strains. PMID- 6980686 TI - The effects of cerebellar stimulation on the stretch reflex in the spastic monkey. AB - The effects of stimulating the cerebellar surface on abnormal segmental reflexes were examined in monkeys rendered spastic by either bilateral or unilateral decortication of areas 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. Rectified, integrated electromyographic (EMG) activity from the biceps and triceps as well as the torque were recorded and averaged during successive flexion-extension movements of the arm produced by a displacement controlled torque motor. Two movement paradigms were employed. The first consisted of a ramp and hold paradigm with an initial rapid flexion of the forearm, a subsequent two second period during which the arm position was held constant, and a rapid extension returning the limb to the initial position. In the second paradigm, the forearm was modulated sinusoidally at several different frequencies. Cerebellar stimulating electrodes were placed over the paravermal region bilaterally. Different frequencies (10 to 300 HZ) and different charge densities (1.5 to 10 microC/cm2) were used in each animal. In each experimental trial short periods of cerebellar stimulation (10 to 30 minutes) were interspersed between control periods. As observed in some types of clinical spasticity, flexion or extension of the extremity was capable of evoking coactivation of the biceps and triceps. Cerebellar surface stimulation reduced the amplitude of the phasic and tonic stretch reflexes recorded from the triceps during flexion and decreased the abnormal triceps response during passive shortening. The biceps response to stretch was increased by cerebellar stimulation and its abnormal response to flexion was decreased. These combined effects modified the organization of the segmental reflexes, producing a more normal reciprocal relationships of the EMG activity in the biceps and triceps. Evaluation of many different combinations of stimulus parameters revealed that not only the magnitude of the passive reflex but also the nature of the effect was dependent on stimulus parameters. Although these studies demonstrate an improvement in the abnormal reflexes present in spastic primates, they emphasize the complexities of the response evoked by cerebellar stimulation and the importance of stimulus parameters in the modifications produced by this technique. PMID- 6980688 TI - Electrical resistance of brain microvascular endothelium. AB - A newly developed technique for determination of the electrical resistance of the capillary wall was applied to microvessels at the surface of the frog brain. Current was injected into a capillary or venule via a microelectrode and the ensuing intravascular potential profile away from the current source was determined with a second microelectrode placed at various positions along the capillary. The membrane resistance was calculated according to the theory for leaky cables used in determinations of axon membrane resistance. The average resistance was 1870 omega . cm2. Since the surface vessels of the frog brain are devoid of glial investment but otherwise similar to brain parenchymal vessels, the results prove that the endothelium is the site of the blood-brain barrier. The electrical resistance is similar to that of a 'tight' epithelium. PMID- 6980689 TI - Ultrastructure of frog cerebral and pial microvessels and their impermeability to lanthanum ions. AB - Permeabilities of single pial microvessels in the frog are now being estimated. Fine structural information on these vessels will therefore be needed in attempts to correlate structure and permeability. Microvessels from the dorsal part of the telencephalon and from the overlying pial layer in the common frog (Rana temporaria) and their permeability to lanthanum ions were studied in the electron microscope. Extensive structural similarities between the endothelial lining of cerebral and pial microvessels were demonstrated, indicating similarity in functional characteristics. Adjacent endothelial cells in both categories of vessels were joined by elaborate tight junctions. Lanthanum ions did not permeate the endothelium. Diffusion of the ion in the interendothelial clefts was stopped by the junctions. It is concluded that the frog has an endothelial blood-brain barrier which is tight to lanthanum ions. PMID- 6980687 TI - Computerized tomography of the brain in chronic alcoholism: a Survey and follow up study. AB - One hundred male alcoholics from an inpatient treatment unit were examined by computerized axial tomography. All were without clinically overt signs of brain damage. Fifty age-matched normal volunteers were used for comparison. Radiological indices differed markedly between the two groups, reflecting a high incidence of cortical shrinkage and ventricular dilatation among the alcoholics. Clinicoradiological correlations are discussed and the results of follow-up with rescanning are reported. Abstinence appeared to be strongly related to slow partial resolution of the CT scan changes. PMID- 6980690 TI - The interaction of extracellular H+, Na+, Ca2+ and Sr2+ on the decay of miniature end-plate currents. AB - We suggested previously that increases in the extracellular [Ca2+] or [Mg2+] lengthen miniature end-plate currents (m.e.p.c.s.) because the divalent cations decrease the negative surface potential on the end-plate, and thereby increase the voltage drop within the membrane. The increased voltage drop would lengthen the open time of the end-plate channels. Increased extracellular [H+] is also known to lengthen m.e.p.c.s.15; perhaps also acting by changing the surface potential. There has been dispute about the observations and their interpretation. Reducing the [Na+]0 at pH = 7.4 from 120 to 12 mM decreased the half-time of m.e.p.c. decay by nearly a factor of two. When the same changes in [Na+]0 were performed at pH = 5.2, no change in m.e.p.c. decay was detected. This suggests that the H+ titrates the negative surface charges, so they no longer can be affected by [Na+]0. The data do not fit the hypothesis that lifetime is determined by the presence of permeant ions in the channel 4,16. At pH = 7.4 replacing the 2.5 mM CaCl2 by SrCl2 decreased the m.e.p.c. decay rate by 60%17. This effect is not seen at pH = 5.2. We suggest that at pH = 7.4, Sr2+ binds to fixed negative charges on the end-plate and thereby slows the decay. H+ titrates the fixed charges and decreases the Sr2+ effect. In low [Na+] saline, raising [Ca2+]0 shortened m.e.p.c. decay--an effect exactly opposite to that expected from the change in surface potential. Under these conditions, increasing the [Ca2+] decreases the m.e.p.c. decay rate by some other mechanism; this second effect of Ca2+ on m.e.p.c. decay may account for some of the different results reported. PMID- 6980692 TI - Target tissue control of nerve fiber growth rate and periodicity in vitro. AB - Spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion nerve fibers of tadpoles elongate in vitro at an increased rate in the presence of target tissue or target-conditioned medium. These neurites extend in a cyclic fashion with the period between the occurrence of maximal growth rates being under target influence. Rate parameters may be an important feature in the understanding of directed nerve growth during development and regeneration. PMID- 6980691 TI - Enhanced uptake of HRP by hypophysiotropic neurons following stress and adrenalectomy. PMID- 6980696 TI - Prevalence and correlates of nonpsychotic psychiatric symptoms in the general population. PMID- 6980694 TI - External calcium and contractile activation during potassium contractures in twitch muscle fibres of the frog. AB - Effects of external Ca2+ concentration reduction on the amplitude and time course of K+ contractures were studied in single muscle fibres. The resting potential, effective resistance, threshold for the Na current, action potential and K+ induced depolarizations did not change when 1.8 mM Ca2+ was replaced by 3 mM Mg2+ (3--6 microM Ca2+). Identical results were obtained after the addition of 5 mM EGTA (less than or equal to 10(-9) M Ca2+; Ca-free saline). The rate of tension development during the initial phase of K+ contractures was independent of external Ca2+ while the amplitude, the duration, and the time constant of spontaneous relaxation decreased progressively as Ca2+ concentration was diminished. The activation curve shifted by 3--5 mV towards more positive potentials while the inactivation curve shifted by 16--18 mV in the opposite direction and both curves became steeper in Ca-free saline. External Ca2+ may play a role in excitation--contraction coupling during K contractures either via the inward Ca current or via specific interactions between external Ca2+ ions and the coupling mechanism or both. PMID- 6980693 TI - Effects of calcium on the coronary and systemic circulation in patients after coronary surgery. AB - Nine patients were studied three hours after aorto-coronary bypass. Before anaesthesia a radial arterial cannula was inserted and a thermodilution catheter placed into the pulmonary artery by fluoroscopy. A special thermodilution catheter was manipulated into the coronary sinus. Haemodynamic measurements were made plus cardiac output and coronary sinus blood flow. Content of oxygen and lactate in arterial and coronary sinus blood was determined. Series of measurements were done before and after 1 gm of CaCl2 given intravenously over 15 minutes. Calcium increased cardiac index and arterial pressure but not systemic vascular resistance. Total coronary sinus blood flow did not change, nor did myocardial oxygen consumption or coronary sinus oxygen content. Content of lactate in arterial and coronary sinus blood was unaltered and lactate extraction by the heart continued, in eight of nine patients. The improved haemodynamics were accomplished without inordinate risk to global ventricular energy metabolism. PMID- 6980695 TI - Update on antibiotic resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Canada. PMID- 6980697 TI - T-cell lymphoma occurring in the oropharynx. AB - Two cases of documented T-cell lymphoma occurring in the oropharynx are described. Both patients presented with cervical lymphadenopathy and involvement of oropharyngeal tissues. Although classification of these patients' lesions in relation to other known T-cell lymphomas was difficult, the location of the lesions in both cases and certain morphologic features in one case at least suggested that the malignant cells may have arisen from peripheral T-lymphocytes. In both patients, the neoplastic cells showed a tendency to impinge upon the oral epithelium, in keeping with the pattern of involvement of epithelial tissues seen in several varieties of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. The possibility that these oropharyngeal T-cell lymphomas may represent a distinct type of T-cell neoplasm is raised. PMID- 6980698 TI - High-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor and vincristine in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma. AB - The incidence of malignant mesothelioma has increased greatly in the last 40 years. Current and recent past exposure to asbestos is expected to substantially increase this incidence. We report nine cases of malignant mesothelioma which temporarily responded to treatment with high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum rescue and vincristine. Further clinical trials of high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum rescue appear indicated in this disease. PMID- 6980700 TI - Chromosomal aberrations in chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6980701 TI - Differential segregation patterns of human chromosomes in somatic cell hybrids constructed with human B-lymphocytes and human melanoma cells. AB - Hybrids constructed with the murine fibroblasts IT22 and either human lymphoid cells or human melanoma cells retain the human chromosomes 1, 14, and 21 and lose the human chromosome 2. The human lymphocyte-mouse fibroblast hybrids preferentially retain the human chromosome 11, while the human melanoma-murine fibroblast hybrids preferentially retain the human chromosome 8 and lose the human chromosome X. These data suggest that the type of human parental cell used to construct human-rodent hybrids can influence the segregation of human chromosomes. PMID- 6980699 TI - Biological markers and breast cancer. A multiparametric study. II. Depressed immune competence. AB - Immune functions were evaluated in 207 carefully staged breast cancer patients, 54 patients with benign breast diseases and 152 normal controls. All patients were followed for at least five years and the prognostic significance of immune competence determined at diagnosis was established. The parameters employed were dermal hypersensitivity to four skin test antigens and to 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), blastogenic responses to PHA (phytohemagglutinin), ConA (Concanavalin A), and PW (Pokeweed mitogen) mitogens and percentage of T- and B-lymphocytes. A significant degree of impairment of immune functions was found in breast cancer patients when compared to controls; this was illustrated by depressed T-cell counts and low responses to PHA, ConA and PW mitogens and by depressed responses to recall antigens. However, only lymphocyte stimulation with PHA, percentage of T-cells and dermal hypersensitivity tests showed a continued decrease with advancing stages of the disease. Moreover, among cancer patients with low responses to recall antigens, 61% died before five years, 16% showed progressive disease and only 22% were disease-free after five years of follow-up; compared to 30, 18 and 52%, respectively, in patients with normal responses to recall Ags (overall P value less than or equal to 0.005). A similar relation could be illustrated in patents with low PHA responses as 42% of these patients died before five years, 19% showed progressive disease and 39% were disease-free compared to 26, 19, and 54%, respectively. In patients with normal PHA responses (overall P value less than or equal to .05). It is concluded that initial immunocompetence, determined by parameters of cell-mediated immunity, could be significantly depressed in patients with localized or even premalignant breast disease as well as in advanced cancer. Depressed responses to PHA and dermal hypersensitivity to recall antigens seem to indicate a poorer prognosis. There is no single ideal biological marker as yet. Combined with our previous results on serum proteins, this current study may help us, at the time of initial treatment, in the identification of a subset of Stage I breast cancer patients likely to do poorly. PMID- 6980702 TI - Cytotoxic T-cell-mediated antitumor effect of levamisole against murine syngeneic fibrosarcoma. AB - Growth of the secondary Meth 1 tumors, which had been inoculated s.c. in the abdomens of BALB/c mice bearing primary Meth 1 tumors in the flanks, was inhibited as compared with that of tumors in the normal mice, suggesting the development of concomitant antitumor immunity. When levamisole (LMS, 0.625 or 2.5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. to the Meth 1-bearing mice daily before or after secondary inoculation, growth inhibition of secondary tumors was augmented. This effect of LMS was suggested to be tumor specific as evidenced by no growth inhibition of secondary Meth A tumors in mice bearing primary Meth 1 tumors. The spleen cells of 11-day Meth 1-bearing mice exhibited growth-inhibitory activity against Meth 1 cells in the Winn assay. Administration of LMS augmented the growth-inhibitory activity. This effect of LMS was mediated by nonadherent spleen cells and completely lost by the preincubation with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement. Cytotoxicity was detected in the spleen cells of Meth 1-bearing mice by 51Cr release assay after in vitro sensitization with mitomycin C-treated Meth 1 cells. In vivo administration of LMS augmented the cytotoxicity, which was tumor specific and completely lost by the preincubation of the spleen cells with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement. These results suggest that the growth inhibitory effect of LMS against secondary tumors was mediated by cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6980703 TI - Several new monoclonal antibodies directed to human T-cell leukemia antigens. AB - Murine monoclonal hybridoma antibodies were generated efficiently by using a human leukemia antigen preparation which was isolated from the cell membranes of MOLT-4 (a T-leukemia cell line) by means of a novel system. The generated monoclonal hybridoma antibodies were screened and characterized by a radioimmunoassay using a variety of cell specimens as targets. The results showed that the antigen(s) defined by several of these monoclonal hybridoma antibodies is associated with human T-cell leukemia and further suggest that this antigen(s) is a new type of human leukemia-associated cell surface antigen. PMID- 6980704 TI - Increase of HLA-DR4 in melanoma patients from Alabama. AB - This report describes the association of HLA-DR phenotypes in a population of 91 Caucasian melanoma patients compared with 106 Caucasian controls from the Sunbelt region of the United States. Over 75% of both patients and controls were born in Alabama or a surrounding state. There was a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DR4 (chi 2 = 12.8; rho = 0.0003). This was present in 38.5% of the patients compared to a 16.0% frequency in the controls, producing a relative risk of 3.3. The difference in DR4 distribution remained significant after correcting for the number of antigens (rho c = 0.0018). The patients were then grouped into two categories, "low risk" and "high risk," based on their clinically assessed risk at presentation for metastatic involvement. The decrease of DR3 in the high risk group (chi 2 = 5.2; rho = 0.02) suggested that it may represent a marker for long-term survival. Thus, it appears that susceptibility to developing melanoma may be associated with DR4 while survival may be associated with DR3. PMID- 6980705 TI - S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibition in deoxyadenosine-treated human T lymphoblasts and resting peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6980707 TI - Clinical and pharmacological studies of methotrexate-minimal leucovorin rescue plus fluorouracil. PMID- 6980706 TI - Clinical pharmacology of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine in combination with 2' deoxycoformycin. AB - It has been suggested that, by inhibiting the adenosine deaminase (ADA)-mediated catabolism of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A), 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF) would increase the half-life (t1/2) of ara-A, a compound with known antileukemic activity. To test this hypothesis, we collected serial plasma samples from five patients with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia who participated in a Phase I trial of i.v. DCF 915 mg/sq m) in combination with i.v. single-dose ara-A (120 250 mg/sq m). In four of these patients, of whom three were known to have achieved greater than 98% ADA inhibition, a mean ara-A t1/2 of 227 min was achieved. Extrapolated peak levels (i.e., following infusion of ara-A) ranged from 1.5 to 7.4 micrograms/ml (mean, 4.2 micrograms/ml). Elimination of drug appeared to follow a single-compartment model. In two patients who received ara-A without prior DCF and in a third patient who had significant residual ADA activity despite DCF, ara-A was unmeasurable within 5 min of the end of infusion. These data confirm that the kinetics of ara-A catabolism can be altered by inhibition of ADA and suggest that more than one dose of DCF may be necessary for complete inhibition of the enzyme and optimal pharmacological modulation of ara A. PMID- 6980709 TI - Interdigitating cells and macrophages in the acute involuting rat thymus. An electron-microscopic study on phagocytic activity and population development. AB - Phagocytic activity and population development of medullary interdigitating cells (IDC) and cortical macrophages have been studied in the rat thymus after irradiation-induced thymocyte necrosis. IDC clearly demonstrate phagocytic activity particularly in the 16 h stage after irradiation. At this stage the number of necrotic thymocytes is maximal and the total number of phagocytic cells is insufficient to phagocytize all necrotic material. IDC increase in number slightly and are predominantly phagocytizing in the corticomedullary region (CMR), where they appear to develop from macrophage-like cells. The results indicate that medullary IDC can be phagocytic but have a different developmental pathway than cortical macrophages. Cortical macrophages greatly increase in number and acquire the appearance of tingible body macrophages by phagocytizing many necrotic thymocytes. they seem to develop from monocytes that normally enter the thymus at the CMR. During the acute involution macrophages probably also enter the cortex via the connective tissue capsule. It is suggested that thymus medullary IDC probably belong to the mononuclear phagocytes, as do the cortical macrophages. In the specific medullary environment IDC gradually develop their characteristic ultrastructure for an apparently other than phagocytic function. The similarities between IDC and epidermal Langerhans cells are discussed. PMID- 6980710 TI - The chemoreceptor surface of the taste organ in the frog Rana esculenta. A freeze fracture analysis. AB - The epithelial surface of the taste disc on the fungiform papillae of the frog was studied by means of freeze-fracture and conventional electron microscopy. The plasma membrane of the apical process of taste receptor cells was found to exhibit a uniform population of 10-nm intramembrane particles on its fracture face P in a density of 1,000-1,800/micrometers2. In contrast to intramembrane particles in mucous cells or in other regions of the plasma membrane, these particles were observed to protrude approximately twice as high from the fracture face. Not more than 1-2% of the particles were found on fracture face E of the apical process of the taste cell. The apical regions of satellite and mucous secretory cells are also described. The occurrence of relatively large intramembrane particles in a membrane region presumed to function as the chemoreceptor area of taste cells suggests that the particles may be involved in chemoreception. PMID- 6980708 TI - Elucidation of the mechanism and site of action of quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) on the electrical excitability and chemosensitivity of the frog sartorius muscle. AB - The effects of the muscarinic antagonist quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) on transmission at the frog sartorius neuromuscular junction have been examined. QNB decreases endplate potential (EPP) amplitude without affecting miniature endplate (MEPP) frequency or resting potential. QNB also increased the latency of the EPP and the nerve terminal spike in a frequency dependent fashion, suggesting the site of action is the unmyelinated nerve terminal. Since the rate and amplitude of muscle action are potentials decreased it is likely that QNB causes a blockade of electrically excitable sodium channels; the agent also blocks ionic channels associated with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is possible that these effects of QNB may explain some of the behavioral disturbances produced by its administration. PMID- 6980711 TI - The development of the human lymph node. PMID- 6980712 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the ventricular surface of the frog cerebellum. AB - Ultrastructural studies of the ventricular surface of the frog cerebellum showed regional differences. In the midline region of the adult cerebellum was found a band of profusely ciliated squamous ependymal cells. In the rest of the cerebellum the ependymal cells were columnar and each had a single cilium. In the cerebellum of the premetamorphic tadpole, the squamous ependymal cells of the midline region also were monociliated. During metamorphosis they gradually became multiciliated. Additionally, supraependymal cells and synaptic elements were present on the ventricular surface of the cerebellum of adult frogs as well as in late metamorphic tadpoles. In contrast, supraependymal cells were rarely observed in premetamorphic tadpoles, and it was concluded that the supraependymal system develops during metamorphosis. It is postulated that the band of cilia may be associated with the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, and supraependymal synaptic elements function in neuroendocrine regulation. PMID- 6980713 TI - Percutaneous embolic occlusion of an inadvertent surgical aortocoronary vein fistula. PMID- 6980714 TI - Feedback suppression of the immune response in vivo. II. Involvement of prostaglandins in the generation of suppressor-inducer B lymphocytes. PMID- 6980716 TI - Inhibition of human B lymphocyte colony responses by endogenous synthesized hydrogen peroxide and prostaglandins. PMID- 6980715 TI - A B lymphoma cell line produces growth factors for hemopoietic, lymphoid, and mast cells. PMID- 6980717 TI - Identification of subsets of proliferating low Thy 1 cells in thymus cortex and medulla. PMID- 6980719 TI - Xenogeneic antisera against T-lymphocyte receptors recognizing allogeneic transplantation antigens: preparation and properties. PMID- 6980718 TI - Effects of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I bacteria on the immunoglobulin production from human B-cell subsets. PMID- 6980721 TI - Natural killer cells induced by acute and chronic toxoplasma infection. PMID- 6980722 TI - [Two-color thresholds in diabetic: preliminary study]. PMID- 6980720 TI - Propagation of mouse cytotoxic clones with characteristics of natural killer (NK) cells. PMID- 6980723 TI - [Subjective color desaturation test in the diagnosis of the effects of ethambutol on the anterior optic tract]. PMID- 6980724 TI - [Congenital achromatopsia and congestive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6980725 TI - [Post-traumatic lens subluxation and treatment--85 cases]. PMID- 6980726 TI - [Complications of artificial lenses]. PMID- 6980728 TI - Rickettsioses: a continuing disease problem. WHO Working Group on Rickettsial Diseases. AB - The rickettsioses continue to constitute major health problems in many areas of the world. Unlike those diseases that are transmissible directly from man to man, the rickettsioses are closely associated with man's environment and are therefore difficult to recognize and require complex strategies for their control. This article is concerned mainly with means for recognition and surveillance of these diseases, since only with reliable background information can a reasonable strategy for prevention and control be developed. Clinical information, while helpful, is insufficient for the identification of rickettsial diseases and for their differentiation from other pyrexias. The need for laboratory support, particularly serological tests, is emphasized. The indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFA) is at present the most broadly applicable to all of the rickettsioses under the circumstances that exist in problem areas.Therapy of the rickettsioses is based on the use of specific antibiotics, including the tetracyclines and chloramphenicol, but antibiotics should not be used routinely for prophylaxis. Immunization with a live attenuated vaccine is effective against outbreaks of louse-borne typhus. Experimental Q fever vaccines have also given protection against disease but side-effects have limited their use. Action against the arthropod vectors is also important and may consist of insecticide dusting of persons at risk (lice), dusting of rat burrows (fleas), treatment of dogs carrying ticks, or appropriate measures to reduce mite populations. Repellants are also useful against ticks and mites. PMID- 6980727 TI - A cross-sectional study of facial growth with the Moire camera. PMID- 6980729 TI - [International Histologic Classification of Tumors]. PMID- 6980730 TI - [The role of bacteria in periodotopathies]. PMID- 6980731 TI - [The role of genetic and molecular characterization of viruses which concern the surveillance and epidemiology of influenza: WHO memorandum]. PMID- 6980733 TI - [Ecology of influenza viruses: WHO memorandum]. PMID- 6980732 TI - [Use and abuse of eight very common diagnostic tests in clinical immunology: WHO memorandum]. PMID- 6980734 TI - The relation between acute persisting spinal paralysis and poliomyelitis vaccine- results of a ten-year enquiry. WHO Consultative Group. AB - Most of the 13 countries that participated in this ten-year study of the incidence of acute persisting spinal paralysis (APSP) used trivalent live poliomyelitis vaccine (Sabin strains), but monovalent vaccines were used for all or part of the time in 3 countries and inactivated vaccines were used wholly by 2 countries and in part by 2 other countries. Altogether 698 cases of APSP were recorded in a total population of about 509 million over the 10-year study period - an incidence of 0.14 per million per annum. The incidence varied widely between countries and not all the cases were related to immunization. In six countries where live vaccines were used three methods of assessment of risk were employed. The risk in relation to the child population under 3 years of age was less than 1 per million children in all six countries.In both vaccinees and contacts most cases were due to poliovirus type 3; of those due to type 2, the proportion was greater among contacts than among recipients. Since the results make it clear that neurovirulence tests for safety do not prove the innocuity of a vaccine with absolute certainty, it is essential that every programme of poliomyelitis immunization should include a continuous and effective system of surveillance. The study showed the need for the immunization of presumed susceptible adults at the same time as their children are vaccinated.Though in most countries the incidence of vaccine-associated cases was low, two countries had much higher rates. In one the rate has now fallen but in the other it persists at the same level as before. No clear explanation of the differences between these and the other countries was obtained. PMID- 6980735 TI - Cluster sampling to assess immunization coverage: a review of experience with a simplified sampling method. PMID- 6980738 TI - Prevalence rates of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus in various Pacific populations according to the new WHO criteria. AB - This report gives the prevalence rates of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) for several Micronesian, Polynesian, and Melanesian populations in the Pacific region according to the new WHO criteria.The Micronesian population of Nauru show the highest prevalence rates of both IGT (22.7%) and DM (30.3%) - 53% of the adult population thus demonstrating abnormal glucose tolerance. The lowest prevalence rates of both IGT (4.5%) and DM (1.5%) were seen in the rural Melanesian population of the main island of New Caledonia. PMID- 6980739 TI - Murine typhus in Kuwait in 1978. AB - Murine typhus occurred in 254 individuals in Kuwait between April and August 1978; 81% of patients were aged between 15 and 44 years, and 63% were male. The highest attack rate occurred among people in the lowest socioeconomic class. The outbreak coincided with a period of high rat and flea density. A study of the first 104 cases suggested that infection was acquired in the home, but a case - control study revealed no significant differences between patients and control subjects in terms of exposure to rats or domestic animals, and other factors. This suggests that murine typhus is hyperendemic rather than epidemic in Kuwait. The disease is being controlled through reduction of both flea and rat populations. Murine typhus may be much more common in many areas than is generally realized, and its status should be re-evaluated regularly in all known and potential foci. PMID- 6980736 TI - Use of tetanus toxoid for the prevention of neonatal tetanus. 1. Reduction of neonatal mortality by immunization of non-pregnant and pregnant women in rural Bangladesh. PMID- 6980737 TI - Use of tetanus toxoid for the prevention of neonatal tetanus. 2. Immunization acceptance among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh. PMID- 6980740 TI - Role of a modified ovitrap in the control of Aedes aegypti in Houston, Texas, USA. AB - A modified ovitrap from which larvae could not escape was employed for one year for the control of Aedes aegypti at Blossom Heights, Houston, Texas. At the end of this period, the Breteau index in the ovitrap area had declined by 36%, in contrast to a sharp increase of nearly 500% in the non-ovitrap area. The premises index in the ovitrap area remained unchanged, while the index in the non-ovitrap area increased by 440%. The problems associated with this control campaign and the use of these "autocidal" ovitraps are discussed.Annual fluctuations in the egg populations of A. aegypti and A. triseriatus were studied by weekly collections of eggs from the ovitrap paddles. The weekly fluctuations of egg numbers, the percentage of ovitraps with eggs of Aedes mosquitos, as well as the ovitrap premises index (i.e., percentage of premises with at least one ovitrap positive) all exhibited a similar fluctuation pattern, with a distinct peak extending from June to October. PMID- 6980742 TI - Circulating immune complexes in Plasmodium knowlesi infected Kra, and merozoite vaccinated Rhesus monkeys. AB - The presence of circulating soluble immune complexes that bind the C1q component of complement has been determined in the sera of two monkey species showing different degrees of clinical immunity to Plasmodium knowlesi infection. Material binding C1q was found in the serum of both primarily infected Kra monkeys and post-vaccinated immune Rhesus monkeys following the onset of parasitaemia. The complexes then disappeared from the circulation of Kra monkeys despite continuing low-grade parasitaemia, but in Rhesus monkeys C1q binding material remained detectable for up to 3 weeks after apparent elimination of parasites. The ability of complexes to bind C1q was removed by reduction and alkylation and binding material was absorbed by staphylococcal protein A suggesting the presence of Ig. Further analysis of the binding material is required to fully establish its constitution and possible immunoregulatory function at different stages of infection in the two monkey species. PMID- 6980741 TI - Renal handling of 2'-deoxyadenosine and adenosine in humans and mice. AB - In a child lacking adenosine deaminase and in patients treated with deoxycoformycin (a potent inhibitor of the enzyme), apparent renal secretion of 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) and reabsorption of adenosine (Ado) were observed. The renal clearance of dAdo in humans was approximately five-fold that of creatinine, whereas the renal clearance of Ado was only one-fifth that of creatinine. In mice treated with deoxycoformycin, a similar paradigm was observed. Specifically, plasma levels of Ado and dAdo were elevated to detectable levels and apparent renal secretion and reabsorption of these purine nucleosides became manifest. Thus, the mouse may serve as a suitable model to study the renal handling of these two compounds. The active renal secretion of dAdo may occur because the compound has not been appreciably synthesized by mouse kidney in situ, and 'ion trapping' of dAdo in acid urine could not explain the net secretion. The differential transport of these similar purine nucleosides suggests a very selective transport system in mammalian kidney. Although carrier-mediated, facilitated diffusion of purine nucleosides across cell membranes is a well-known ph enomenon, the present data indicate the existence of (an) active transport system(s) for the transepithelial secretion of dAdo, and possibly for the reabsorption of Ado. PMID- 6980744 TI - A complete selective C1q deficiency in a patient with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). AB - A 32 year old male patient with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) was found to have a complete, selective deficiency of C1q subcomponent of the complement assessed either by haemolytic assay or by protein determination. Addition of highly purified C1q completely restored the complement haemolytic activity of the patient's serum. Neither C1q precipitin nor anti-complementary activity was detected. Lymphocytes isolated from the patient's peripheral blood, however, bound as many C1q molecules as those of healthy control individuals. The patient is in good health except for skin lesions. A low level of circulating immune complexes was detected in his serum, but no C1q molecules were bound. Serum complement activities of the patient's mother and two other siblings were within the normal range. An impaired synthesis of C1q protein was strongly suggested as the cause of C1q deficiency in this patient's serum. PMID- 6980743 TI - Detection and partial characterization of immune complexes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis plus Sjogren's syndrome and with Sjogren's syndrome alone. AB - In order to characterize the immune complexes detected in patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the sera of 19 patients with SS alone and 11 with SS plus RA were examined. Elevated quantities of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected in 67% by the C1q-binding assay (C1q-BA), 73% by the C1q-solid phase (C1q-SP) assay, 43% by the monoclonal rheumatoid factor solid phase assay (mRF-SP) and 33% by the mRF-inhibition assay (MRF-Inh). Elevated concentrations of IgM RF were detected in 83% and of IgG RF in 73% of the sera by radioimmunoassay. Strong correlations existed between RF of the IgM and IgG classes and both the C1q-BA and the C1q-SP. Three lines of evidence indicated that RF were important components of the immune complexes detected by these radioimmunoassays. These results indicated that in those patients with RA plus SS, as well as those with SS alone, both IgM and IgG RF made substantial contributions to immune complexes detected both by C1q-BA and C1q-SP. PMID- 6980745 TI - Immunological responses of healthy elderly population. AB - We measured in vitro mitogen responses, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, circulating immune complexes (CIC) and three autoantibodies in 279 healthy and 24 chronically ill individuals over 65, and in young controls. The elderly individuals had previously undergone a complete medical examination and laboratory screening tests, and were on no medications. Compared to the results of 180 young controls tested concurrently, the healthy elderly individuals had significantly depressed PHA responses and skin test responses. In addition, CIC and autoantibodies were increased in the healthy elderly group compared to young controls. There was no difference in PHA or skin test responses between the healthy and chronically ill elderly subjects, suggesting that the major determinant of depressed cellular immunity in the elderly is age per se and not age-associated diseases. Within the elderly population, aged 65-94, there was a significant decrease in PHA response with age. Previously it has been reported that correlations exist between measurements of cellular immune response (mitogen response and skin testing) and manifestations of autoimmunity (CIC or autoantibodies) in elderly subjects. However, in this well characterized healthy elderly population we could not verify an association between the cellular immune response and either autoantibodies or immune complexes. In addition, was no increased prevalence of autoantibodies in subjects with CIC. PMID- 6980747 TI - Immune complexes in leprosy patients from an endemic and a nonendemic area and a longitudinal study of the relationship between complement breakdown products and the clinical activity of erythema nodosum leprosum. PMID- 6980746 TI - Pre-B cell suppression by thymoma patient lymphocytes. AB - T lymphocytes from the blood of two thymoma patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia suppressed the in vitro proliferation of allogeneic pre-B cells. Both patients lacked pre-B and B cells in blood and bone marrow. It is possible that pre-B cells, as well as B cells, may be targets for suppression by T cells in thymoma patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. PMID- 6980748 TI - Impaired B-cell differentiation and T-cell regulatory function in four patients with Bloom's syndrome. PMID- 6980749 TI - Polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. III. Cellular interaction and immunoregulation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells induced by formaldehyde-fixed Salmonella paratyphi B. PMID- 6980750 TI - Abnormalities of regulatory T-cell subpopulations in patients with primary immunoglobulin deficiencies. PMID- 6980752 TI - Alloantisera defining surface antigens on human thymocytes. PMID- 6980751 TI - Circulating immune complexes in the seronegative spondyloarthropathies. PMID- 6980753 TI - Surface and functional characteristics of B cells from lupus-prone murine strains. PMID- 6980755 TI - Complement C4 allotypes in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: further evidence for different allelic variants at the 21-hydroxylase locus. PMID- 6980754 TI - Mechanisms of TCGF production by cloned T-cell lines: characterization of producer lymphoma lines and kinetics of production. PMID- 6980757 TI - Pathogenesis of an experimental meningeal leukemia model. PMID- 6980756 TI - Heterogeneity of melanoma-associated antigens detected by sera from patients receiving adjuvant allogeneic tumor vaccine immunotherapy. PMID- 6980758 TI - Immunologic similarities between Goodpasture's and Steblay's antibodies. PMID- 6980759 TI - Effect of ADA deficiency on cultured murine thymus transplantation. PMID- 6980760 TI - JMV Marek's disease tumor cells have B-cell characteristics. PMID- 6980761 TI - HLA-B27 positive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: altered lymphocyte responses to mitogens and low cytotoxic activity. PMID- 6980762 TI - Intracellular zinc in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6980763 TI - Aberrant origin of the left coronary artery from the proximal right coronary artery: diagnostic features and pre- and postoperative course. AB - In this report, we present the pre and late postoperative course of a patient with severe angina secondary to aberrant origin or the left coronary artery from the proximal righ coronary artery (Fig. 1). We illustrate the noninvasive diagnosis and evaluation of this patient by two-dimensional ultrasound and stress thallium imaging, and the pre and late postoperative angiographic and thallium perfusion findings. PMID- 6980764 TI - Metachondromatosis. PMID- 6980765 TI - The effects of varying current levels of electrical stimulation. AB - An effort has been made to find an experimental delayed union of a long bone that could be used to evaluate the osteogenic effect of different current strengths. It is important that the optimum current strength be determined. Any such model should be able to produce a difference in new bone formation with an active and an inactive stimulator, particularly one using a 20 microA direct current. Attempts to produce a nonunion model in dogs were unsatisfactory, possibly because the defect was too small and surrounded by normal bone, and excessive movement occurred at the cathode plate. The optimum range of electrical stimulation using a titanium cathode has not been established by this work. The changes in serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium and serum phosphorus concentrations in response to trauma have been shown to be the same in the bone formation induced by electrical current. PMID- 6980766 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography with tc-99m glucoheptonate and I-123 iodoamphetamine in cerebral infarction. PMID- 6980767 TI - Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome and Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6980768 TI - Fluoride treatment programs for high-caries-risk patients. PMID- 6980771 TI - Radionuclide technique for detection of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6980769 TI - School-based weekly sodium fluoride rinse program. Results after three and one half years. PMID- 6980770 TI - Self-applied fluorides for use at home. PMID- 6980772 TI - Extravascular lung water values in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Using a commercially produced lung water computer, we measured extravascular thermal volume (ETVL) to study changes in extravascular lung water (EVLW) caused by coronary artery bypass surgery. The normal baseline ETVL before anesthesia was 5.47 +/- 1.67 (SD) ml/kg. ETVL was not significantly changed 2 h after surgery but was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) 24 h later in 9 patients. There was no relationship between P(A-a)O2/FIO2 ratios and values of ETV1. PMID- 6980773 TI - A compliance study in general practice of patients switched from phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone to naproxen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - Fifty-nine patients on long-term treatment with phenylbutazone or oxyphenbutazone for chronic rheumatic conditions were switched to treatment with naproxen and followed-up for 6 months in a compliance study. All patients were started on 500 mg naproxen twice daily but adjustment of the dosage was permitted. During the 6 months of the study only 3 patients returned to treatment with phenylbutazone. Of the remaining 56 patients, 45 were still taking naproxen after 6 months, 9 were changed to other non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs and 2 were lost to follow up. The study demonstrates that in routine general practice, phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone can be successfully replaced by less toxic drugs. PMID- 6980775 TI - Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of erythromycin, amoxicillin and co trimoxazole in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients. AB - An open comparative study was carried out in 56 paediatric patients with acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections to assess the efficacy and tolerance of treatment with erythromycin, amoxicillin or co-trimoxazole. Patients were treated with the standard recommended doses for 7 to 10 days. Diagnoses included otitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, epiglottiditis, pertussis, scarlet fever and bronchitis and, when possible, pathogens were isolated and identified at the initial visit. The clinical findings showed that all three treatment resulted in statistically significant decreases in final mean values for temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate. Twenty of the patients with positive cultures on entry became negative by the end of treatment. No clinical side-effects, were reported with any of the treatments. Overall assessment of response and acceptability of treatment by physician and patient/parent indicated that erythromycin was at least equally as effective as the other two drugs in treating common respiratory diseases found in paediatric practice. PMID- 6980776 TI - Alveolar macrophages. Enhancers or suppressors of pulmonary immune reactivity? PMID- 6980777 TI - Human alveolar macrophages suppress the proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Human alveolar cells were isolated from bronchopulmonary lavage fluids obtained from patients undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy. Alveolar cells strongly suppressed the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to mitogens and antigens. Separation of the alveolar cells into adherent and nonadherent fractions indicated that the suppression was mediated by the adherent cells, or alveolar macrophages. Indomethacin at least partially relieved suppression, suggesting the involvement of prostaglandin synthesis. The suppression could be duplicated by supernatants obtained from unstimulated cultures of alveolar cells. Some specificity of suppression was apparent, in that not all proliferating cells were suppressed. T lymphocytes may be more readily suppressed than B lymphocytes, and the most susceptible cells may be a subpopulation of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6980778 TI - Lidocaine effects on immunocompetent cells. Implications for studies of cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. AB - Immunologic data obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is useful for both clinical and investigative purposes. Although lidocaine, used for local anesthesia, is present in BAL in up to 12 mmol concentration, its effects on immunologic tests are unclear. The results of our study show that lidocaine has profound effects on the results of functional studies of immuno-competent cells. Care should be taken to quantify, standardize, and limit the exposure of alveolar cells to lidocaine during bronchoscopy if such studies are to be performed. However, exposure of cells for 25 minutes or less to lidocaine solutions up to 12mmol in concentration does not affect a variety of immunologic tests of interest. At the same time, carefully controlled use of lidocaine in lavage solutions significantly increases the number of cells obtained for study. PMID- 6980774 TI - A comparison between gastrointestinal blood loss caused by tilcotil (Ro 12-0068) and aspirin in normal volunteers. AB - An open crossover study was carried out in 6 normal volunteers to measure faecal blood loss caused by tilcotil (Ro 12-0068), a new anti-inflammatory drug, compared with that caused by enteric-coated aspirin. Subjects were allocated at random to receive either single doses of 20 mg tilcotil daily or 900 mg aspirin 4 times daily, reducing to a maximum tolerated dose, over a period of 2 weeks before being crossed over to the alternative medication for a further 2 weeks. Faecal specimens passed during 4 consecutive days in a run-in-period of 1 week, in each treatment period, and in the 2 weeks after the finish of drug therapy were analyzed for blood using a radioactive labelling method. The results showed that faecal blood loss was lower and it did not produce any haematological or biochemical abnormalities or any increase in urinary N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase activity indicative of renal damage. It is suggested that the method described provides a simple and reliable means of comparing faecal blood loss with different anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6980779 TI - Problem-oriented recording in the intensive care unit. PMID- 6980780 TI - Abnormal spectral sensitivity of the electroretinographic off-response in protanopia and protanomalia. PMID- 6980781 TI - [Discovery of periodicity in the structure of the melanoprotein granules in a cell of the pigment epithelium of the eye (an x-ray small-angle study)]. PMID- 6980782 TI - Allergic syndrome in chronic cholecystitis and colitis, the efficiency of specific hyposensitivity with microbic allergen. AB - In more than 1000 patients with noncalculous cholecystitis, chronic colitis (nonulcerative, nonspecific ulcerative, Crohn's disease of the bowel) and with dyskinesia of intestine the participation of allergic components was investigated in the development and chronic duration of the diseases. More often was observed the sensibilization to bacteria of conditionally pathogenetic microflora (E. coli, staphylococcus, streptococcus, proteus) that was confirmed by positive skin tests, sensibilization of lymphocytes to microbic allergens, increase of the titer of microbic antibodies in blood. The sensibilization to tissue proteins and subcellular fractions (nucleus, mitochondrias, microsomes) was seldom observed. Autoimmune disorders appeared in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis by ascending doses of bacterial allergens of E. coli, proteus, staphylococcus, streptococcus. By means of the study of direct and remote results of specific immunotherapy there was established the dynamic of clinical and laboratory instrumental indices of the patients state, and of immunologic tests, reflecting the nonspecific factors of defense, microbic and tissue allergy. PMID- 6980783 TI - Changes of glutathione and protein bound SH-groups concentration in rat adrenals under acute and repeated stress. AB - The changes in the level of sulfhydryl fractions in total adrenals were measured with the aid of Ellman's reagent [Sedlak and Lindsay 1968] in rats exposed either to stress by forced immobilization or by the injury in Noble-Collip drum. It was found that nonprotein sulfhydryl fraction (NP-SH) in rat adrenals is represented exclusively by SH-glutathione (GSH). Moreover, the increase of the concentration of GSH in adrenals was related to the time and number of exposures to stressor. The maximum enhancement of GSH in adrenals occurred when the animals were subjected to stress daily for 7 days. It is suggested that GSH may be involved in the steroidogenesis in the inhibition of nonenzymatic decarboxylation of DOPA and in the proteosynthesis in adrenals. PMID- 6980784 TI - Preliminary observations on the absorption of biliary iodothyronines from the intestine in vivo in rats. AB - From a drained bile duct of the rats injected i. v. with various doses of L thyroxine (50 to 200 microgram per animal) bile was obtained which was then injected to various parts of intestine in recipient rats. The recipient animals were anesthetized with pentobarbiturate and their bile duct as well as femoral artery and vein were cannulated with polyethylene tubings. The level of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) in plasma and biliary excretion of these compounds was estimated by specific radioimmunoassay, the samples of plasma and bile being taken up to 4 h after the administration of donor bile. In one experiment also concentration of three different diiodothyronines (e.e. 3,5-T2, 3,3'T2 and 3',5'T2) in recipient bile was measured. A dose dependent increase of T4 excretion was fond in recipient bile. In some experiments also an increase of 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2 excretion was observed and a higher ratio between the excreted and administered amount of rT3 was found than that of T3. An increase of T4 level in plasma was also directly related to the administered dose of this compound, while the increase of T3 and rT3 under the conditions used was observed only in some experiments where relatively higher doses of these substances were administered. It was also observed that the absorption of T4 from the administered bile was higher in fed than in fasted animals. PMID- 6980785 TI - Effect of growth hormone on the metabolic activity of phagocytes of peripheral blood in pituitary dwarfs and acromegaly. AB - The increase of metabolic activity pf phagocytes estimated by nitrozolium reductase activity is often employed to distinguish between bacterial and non bacterial febrile disorders. However, false responses has been also observed. The possible role of serum growth hormone in the activation of tetrazolium reductase activity in patients with pituitary nanism or acromegaly was studied. In isolated peripheral granulocytes of pituitary dwarfs the reductase activity was low at resting conditions as well as after starch stimulation of phagocytosis. Two hours after i. m. administration of human growth hormone the resting and stimulated tetrazolium reductase activity was significantly increased (P less than 0.05, and P less than 0.01, resp.). The increase of both activities was found also in patients with active acromegaly. A moderate increase of tetrazolium reductase activity was observed after adding of growth hormone to isolated granulocytes in vitro (P less than 0.01). These results suggest the stimulatory role of growth hormone in regulation of respiratory burst activity of peripheral granulocytes. PMID- 6980786 TI - Effect of some hormones on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme patterns of Holtzman rat mammary glands. AB - The effect of 17 beta-estradiol, testosterone propionate and haloperidol induced prolactin release in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme patterns of female Holtzman rat mammary tissues was investigated. The LDH pattern of the mammary gland of an adult female rat showed all five isoenzymes. One week following castration, a loss of muscle type LDH-5 isoenzyme was evident in such patterns. The administration of 17 beta-estradiol alone could restore the LDH-5 isoenzyme in the mammary tissues of such castrated females. It was therefore concluded that LDH-5 isoenzyme in the mammary glands of Holtzman rats is truly estrogen dependent. PMID- 6980787 TI - Unilateral posterior deafferentation of hypothalamus and mitotic activity of thyroid follicular cells under normal conditions and after hemithyroidectomy. AB - The effect of unilateral posterior deafferentation of the hypothalamus on the mitotic activity of thyroid follicular cells was studied in hemithyroidectomized and sham-operated rats. Left side posterior deafferentation of the hypothalamus reduced significantly the basal mitotic activity of both thyroid lobes and prevented the hemithyroidectomy-induced increase in mitotic activity of the remaining thyroid lobe. Right side posterior deafferentation of the hypothalamus or sham operation did not interfere with the normal or stimulated activity of the follicular cells. These data suggest left side dominance in the mitosis control of the thyroid cells but the mechanism resulting in these findings remains unclear. PMID- 6980789 TI - Computed tomography in space-occupying lesions in the thoracic area. PMID- 6980788 TI - Dopamine and background adaptation in bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana): a pharmacological and histofluorescence study. PMID- 6980790 TI - Time triggered sequential angiographic computed tomography. PMID- 6980792 TI - Epidermal growth factor modifies Ca2+, Mg2+ and 2-oxocarboxylic acid, but not K+ and phosphate ion requirement for multiplication of human fibroblasts. PMID- 6980793 TI - Content and release of acetylcholinesterase in skeletal muscle of rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6980794 TI - Rat sternothyroid muscle: dissection and preparation for electrophysiologic and electronmicrograhic studies. PMID- 6980791 TI - Single photon tomographic imaging of a standard heart phantom with 201T1: a gamma camera based system. AB - A standard heart phantom (University of Iowa design), including discrete myocardial walls, a central blood pool, and a 24-cc transmural "cold" defect, was studied with both planar and transverse tomographic imaging. The heart phantom was filled with 201T1 and placed within a cylindrical tank containing water and 201T1 to simulate nonmyocardial background activity from the thorax. The tomographic imaging system used was a commercially available, rotating, large field-of-view gamma camera. Image reconstruction from 64 sampling angles was performed in a nuclear medicine minicomputer system. The percentage activity in the region of the defect (actual activity of 0) contrasted to the normal wall was compared between planar and 1.25-cm transaxial tomographic slices. Defect activity fell to between 65% and 85% of that of the opposing normal wall in planar images, whereas it fell to between 26% and 49% of that of the normal wall in the tomographic images. In most cases, tomographic defect activity was half or less than that in the planar image. The geographic extent of the defect was seen in an appropriate number of tomographic slices; i.e., the geographic 3.2-cm defect length was predominantly seen in three 1.25-cm transverse slices. We conclude that camera-based tomographic systems show promise for improved 201T1 myocardial defect detection and quantitation over conventional planar images. PMID- 6980795 TI - Separation and determination of Ca folinate, thiamine monophosphate phosphate salt, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin by column chromatography. PMID- 6980796 TI - Regulation of the branched chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase kinase reaction. PMID- 6980797 TI - Eye-derived growth factor from retina and epidermal growth factor are immunologically distinct and bind to different receptors on human foreskin fibroblasts. PMID- 6980799 TI - Unstable rest angina. Coronary anatomy and evaluation of medical therapy. AB - The results of beta blockers and nitrates therapy were evaluated in 100 consecutive patients with unstable angina (72 with previous stable angina, 28 with recent onset angina), 89 patients had also a history of effort angina and 11 patients had only rest angina. In 92 of 100 patients selective coronary arteriography revealed fixed obstructive coronary artery disease in 86 patients and coronary artery spasm with normal coronary arteries in 6 patients. In 58 of 100 patients beta blockers and nitrates effectively controlled angina, and immediate coronary artery bypass graft surgery was avoided. In 42 patients early and in 22 patients late surgery were needed. 29 patients remained stable on long term beta blockers and nitrates therapy. Thus, despite the possibility of increased coronary vasomotor tone as the mechanism of rest angina, beta blockers and nitrates remain effective immediate medical therapy. PMID- 6980800 TI - [Serial evaluation by effort test of the effects of coronary artery bypass on effort angina (author's transl)]. AB - To evaluate the duration of favourable effects of coronary artery bypass (CAB) on exercise-induced angina (A), 58 patients: 13 with single 21 with double and 24 with triple vessel disease, were studied. All patients underwent CAB for stable angina on effort. Patients underwent exercise testing (ET) before surgery at one, two and three years. Heart rate peak (HR), HR x systolic blood pressure peak (DP), work load (W), exercise-induced ST segment depression (ST) and incidence of A were evaluated; the results of ET before surgery were compared with those found after CAB. Our findings show that HR, DP, W and ST were significantly improved by surgery for at least 3 years. The lowest incidence of A was found at one year ET (20.6%), while it increased at two years (27,5%) and three years ET (37.9%). Most patients with A had angiographic evidence of left ventricular abnormal wall motion and ec-graphic signs of previous myocardial infarction. Our data indicate that serial exercise testing can objectively monitor the results of CAB. Most patients show an improved exercise tolerance for up to 3 years after CAB. Some patients, with more extensive CAD, showed a progressive deterioration of the clinical pattern and a decrease of the exercise tolerance. PMID- 6980801 TI - [Immediate results and follow-up in 100 patients submitted to temporary valvular substitution and aorto-coronary bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980798 TI - [Round forms of Trichomonas vaginalis and their importance in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980802 TI - [Monitoring of left ventricular function. Description of a new radioisotope technic]. PMID- 6980803 TI - Fulminant hepatic failure and artificial liver support. PMID- 6980804 TI - Endoscopic bipolar electrocoagulation: development of a new bipolar coagulator for stopping gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - We have developed an endoscopically deliverable bipolar coagulator with a pair of active bipolar electrodes and tested its efficacy and safety in canine gastric bleeding models. Hemostasis was achieved with a few applications in all "ulcer maker", gastric serosal vessel, mesenteric vessel and endoscopic "hot biopsy" models. Histologically the mean muscular injury was 10.1% in ulcer maker models and 17.1% in hot biopsy models, significantly less than monopolar electrodes. No full thickness injury resulted. Initial clinical trials in 32 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding revealed 100% immediate hemostasis; it could stop spurting arterial bleeding. Our bipolar coagulator is a promising addition to the endoscopic hemostatic methods. PMID- 6980805 TI - [Incidence and clinical importance of Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginalis) (author's transl)]. AB - In 250 women aged between 16 and 55 years who came to a gynaecologist we looked for haemophilus vaginalis. In 9.6% it was possible to culture haemophilus vaginalis. The comparison of the differential vaginalis (V-)medium of Greenwood with the starch medium of Smith showed the much better resolution of the Greenwood medium. In one-half of the patients with haemophilus vaginalis there was no clinical evidence of pathogenicity of the bacterium, whereas in the other half, there was only a slight symptomatology. Haemophilus vaginalis and lactobacillus acidophilus seem to exclude each other. The strains of haemophilus vaginalis were resistant to sulfonamides, polymyxin B and aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 6980806 TI - Effects of melanocyte-stimulating hormone and epinephrine on proliferating melanophores of bullfrog tadpole in vitro. PMID- 6980807 TI - Replacement therapy and plasma calcium concentration in hypophysectomized bullfrog tadpoles, Rana catesbeiana. PMID- 6980809 TI - [The relation between the psyche and rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6980808 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct after the surgical reconstruction of coronary circulation using direct aorto-coronary venous graft]. PMID- 6980811 TI - Hematoma or hemangioma? The importance of careful differential diagnosis. PMID- 6980810 TI - [Behavior of B-, T- and null lymphocytes in physiological pregnancy]. PMID- 6980814 TI - Six years' experience of oesophageal transection for oesophageal varices, using a circular stapling gun. AB - Eighty patients with bleeding oesophageal varices, who were considered to be unfit for shunt surgery, were treated by oesophageal transection and subdiaphragmatic devascularisation. The overall hospital mortality was 14% and, after an average follow-up of nearly three years, 69% are still alive. Late recurrent bleeding occurred in 14 patients but varices were shown to be responsible in only four. Postoperative portal systemic encephalopathy has not been a problem. PMID- 6980813 TI - Enumeration of lymphocyte populations defined by surface markers in the whole blood of patients with Crohn's disease. AB - The proportions and absolute numbers of different lymphocyte populations were determined using alkaline phosphatase-labelled reagents in the whole peripheral blood of 22 patients with Crohn's disease. Monoclonal mouse anti-T cell antibody (OKT3) was used to identify T cells, polyvalent F(ab')2 anti-human immunoglobulin for B cells, C3b for C3b-receptor bearing cells, and soluble IgG antibody-antigen complexes for Fc(gamma)-receptor bearing cells. Endogenous myeloperoxidase served to distinguish monocytes. Application of this methodology to whole blood avoids the inevitable loss of cells which accompanies separation of mononuclear cells from blood and therefore permits precise enumeration of lymphocyte populations in the circulation. No significant difference from healthy adult controls was observed in any of the lymphocyte subsets tested. PMID- 6980815 TI - [The skin and rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6980812 TI - Demonstration of non-specific B-cell stimulation in patients with cirrhosis. AB - Using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique to measure immunoglobulins produced by peripheral lymphocytes, patients with cirrhosis with, and without, hypergammaglobulinaemia were found to produce significantly more spontaneous IgG than controls (p less than 0.005). There was no difference in IgG production when pokeweed mitogen, a T-cell dependent B-cell mitogen, was added to the system. Contrary to our findings in a T-cell proliferative assay, there was no evidence of increased prostaglandin-producing suppressor cell activity in this system. To study the importance of B-cell stimulation in cirrhotic hyperglobulinaemia, normal mononuclear cells were exposed either to cirrhotic or to control sera before measuring spontaneous IgG production. Cells exposed to cirrhotic sera produced significantly more IgG than those exposed to the control sera (p less than 0.02). These findings suggest that non-specific B-cell activity occurs with patients in cirrhosis and it is argued that the severity of the hypergammaglobulinaemia in patients with cirrhosis is more likely to depend on the degree of non-specific B-cell stimulation than on the competence of the immunoregulatory system. PMID- 6980816 TI - In vitro studies of enzymatic activities in human adrenal tumors. PMID- 6980817 TI - Nonendemic adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. PMID- 6980819 TI - Increased mortality in the siblings and offspring of Pi type MS and MZ men from Saskatchewan. Mortality and Pi type. AB - alpha 1-Antitrypsin phenotypes were determined in 1,395 male Saskatchewan grain buyers. These included 1,254 type M, 80 MS, 35 MZ and 26 which were untyped or other rare phenotypes. Sibling and offspring of the MS men had a significantly greater number of deaths (p less than 0.01). Offspring of MZ men also had an increased number of deaths. These appeared to occur in all age except in those 2 17 years of age. This finding raises questions about the role of both the S and Z alleles. PMID- 6980818 TI - Causes of chromosome anomalies suggested by cytogenetic epidemiology of induced abortions. AB - Women who visited hospitals requesting induced abortions were asked about their obstetric and medical histories by attending physicians prior to the operation. The information was solely based on their reports at the interview. The period of coverage was nine weeks, comprising six weeks before and three weeks after the onset of the last menstruation. Both the occurrence of acute respiratory infectious diseases, which included the common cold, upper respiratory tract infection (U.R.T.I.), influenza, and pneumonia, and the use of analgesics and antipyretics were most frequently reported. Regardless of whether they had an acute respiratory illness, the women who took analgesics and antipyretics (including antihistamine, cough remedy, and nasal decongestant) had 13.8% (8/58) gross chromosome anomalies. The women without the treatment had 6.3% (71/1136) anomalies. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Triploid formation was particularly related to drug consumption, thus there were 5.2% (3/58) in the treated group and 0.5% (6/1136) in the untreated group (P=0.0074). In contrast, trisomy was not considered to be related to drug consumption on account of 8.6% (5/58) and 4.1% (47/1136) in the corresponding groups (0.10 less than P less than 0.20). When the occurrence of trisomy was examined in connection with two variables, i.e., the presence of drug consumption and the age of mothers, association was not evident (X2 assoc. = 0.883, d.f. = 1 by Cochran's method). Besides these results, neither maternal X-irradiation nor irregularity of the menstrual period was found to be related to the frequency of chromosome anomalies in the progeny. PMID- 6980820 TI - Alpha-1-protease inhibitor phenotypes in Australia. AB - Alpha-1-protease inhibitor (alpha-1-antitrypsin) phenotypes of 1,007 white Australian blood donors, 597 Aboriginals and 63 Vietnamese immigrants were examined by isoelectric focussing in a pH range of 3.5--5.0. The infrequency of the PIM2 allele was high in the Aboriginal populations and low in the blood donors and Vietnamese. The S allele was higher in one Aboriginal group than in the blood donors but very low or absent in the rest. The Z allele was also absent in the northern Aboriginals. Other alleles found in low frequency were PII in the blood donors and the PIF in the Aborigines, with PIX in Aborigines, Vietnamese and blood donors. PMID- 6980821 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin: the PiM subtypes and serum concentrations in Finnish newborns. AB - Pi phenotypes were classified by isoelectric focusing of the sera of 200 full term Finnish newborns at the age of 3--5 days. The phenotype PiM was found in 95% of the neonates. The frequencies of the alleles PiM1, PiM2 and PiM3 were 0.682, 0.189 and 0.129, respectively. The serum concentration (mean +/- SD) of alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) in the whole study group was 2.72 +/- 0.61 g/l. The concentration of alpha 1-AT in the newborns with the phenotype PiM3 (1.79 +/- 0.65 g/l) was significantly lower (p less than 0.025) than in other PiM subtypes. No difference in serum concentrations of alpha 1-AT between boys (2.78 +/- 0.66 g/l) and girls (2.66 +/- 0.55 g/l) was observed. PMID- 6980825 TI - Isoelectric focusing--a new marker for differentiating T & B lymphocytes. PMID- 6980824 TI - Murine B-lymphocyte colony formation: the effects of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. AB - The present studies assessed the relationship between murine splenic B-lymphocyte colony-forming cells and the number of mature B lymphocytes in the spleen following administration of either cyclophosphamide or azathioprine. Cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) reduced the number of splenic B lymphocytes by a mean of 77%. However, a greater reduction in colony-forming cells was noted. Five days after cyclophosphamide administration, the number of colonies per spleen was reduced by more than 90%. Furthermore, the recovery of colony-forming activity was delayed in comparison with restoration of the B-cell system. The number of B lymphocytes returned to normal by day 10; colony formation was still reduced on day 28. Azathioprine, administered for 5 consecutive days, caused only a minimal reduction in B-cell clonal growth. These findings suggest that colony-forming cells may not be progenitor cells which are required for recovery from drug induced lymphocyte destruction. Rather, this activity may be a property of mature B cells. The majority of potential colony-forming cells appear to be non proliferating, as the phase-specific drug azathioprine caused only minimal reduction in colony-forming activity. PMID- 6980822 TI - Interleukin-2 in the ontogeny of human lymphoid tissues. AB - Cells from different fetal and adult lymphoid organs were tested for the capacity to (a) react to the T-cell growth factor interleukin-2 (IL-2) and (b) to produce IL-2 under appropriate conditions. IL-2 was determined as growth promoting activity for mouse T blasts. Optimal conditions for IL-2 production were: 5 X 10(6) cells/ml; 4-6 micrograms mitogen, 24 h incubation time. Concanavalin A was preferable for fetal thymus, whereas phytohemagglutinin was the appropriate mitogen for lymphocytes from blood and lymph node. Fetal and adult spleen cells produced equal activities of IL-2 irrespective of the mitogen used. Cells from thymus and spleen of 17-21-week-old fetuses produced IL-2 activities like adult cells. Fetal liver cells from the same fetuses produced no IL-2. A comparison of IL-2 activities released from cells of 26 donors showed that within individual variations there was no decrease of the capacity to produce IL-2 with old age. An activity present in culture media of mitogen treated lymphocytes which increased thymidine uptake in fetal liver cells could be distinguished from IL-2 by its different molecular weight and by a heat treatment which abolished IL-2 but not fetal liver cell growth promoting activity. This latter activity is discussed to be colony-stimulating activity. It is concluded that IL-2 is produced by and reacts with T cells only after they have reached or passed the thymus. PMID- 6980826 TI - Molecular heterogeneity of D-end products detected by anti-H-2.28 sera. II. B10.D2(M504) (H-2dm1) mutant fails to express one of the two H-2.4-, 28 + Dd region molecules. AB - By the technique of antibody-induced redistribution of cell surface antigens (capping), two serologically distinct molecules that do not react with anti-D private sera were detected in the products of Dd and Dq regions. One of them is H2L, H-2Ld and H-2Lq. The other molecule is different from H-2L as well as from any known Qa molecule and it is either an H-2-like or Qa-like molecule. We designate it provisionally L2d and L2q, respectively. All these molecules carry the specificity H-2.28. Nevertheless, one antiserum against a H-2.28-like specificity, D29 (s X k anti-m) shows differences between these molecules. This antiserum reacted with H-2Ld and H-2Lq but not with L2d and Leq molecules. The same antiserum reacted, however, only with the H-2.4 positive (H-2D) molecule in mutant B10.D2 (M504) (H-2dml) cells. No antipublic serum was found that was able to distinguish different H-2.4 negative molecules in dml haplotype. The serological characterization of H-2.4 negative molecule in dml mutant indicated that this molecule is similar to the L2d molecule detected in the parental H-2d haplotype. Thus, dml mutant fails to express the H-2Ld molecule but does express H-2.4 negative, H-2.28 positive molecule, analogical to L2d. Together with our recent data demonstrating previously unknown molecules in the products of Dd and Kd regions, six serologically distinct molecules other than Qa-2 controlled by H 2d haplotype could be detected -- H-2K1d, H-2K2d, H-2Dd, H-2Md, H-2Ld, and L2d. BALB/c-H-2dm2 mutant fails to express H-2Ld and L2d molecules, while B10.D2(M504) (H-2dm1) mutant fails to express H-2Md and H-2Ld molecules. PMID- 6980823 TI - Lymphocyte cell surface glycoproteins which bind to soybean and peanut lectins. AB - In cellular immunology, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) lectin has been used to selectively agglutinate immature lymphoid cells and soybean (Glycine max-lectin to agglutinate B lymphocytes. We have used affinity chromatography to study the surface glycoproteins of rat and mouse lymphoid cells which bind to these lectins. Thymocyte and T and B lymphocyte glycoproteins were analysed either without modification (native) or after the removal of sialic acid with neuraminidase (asialo). The only native glycoprotein which was seen to bind to peanut lectin was the 95,000 mol. wt sialoglycoprotein from thymocytes. The equivalent molecules from T lymphocytes bound to peanut lectin only after neuraminidase digestion. Thus the selective agglutination of thymocytes by peanut lectin would seem to be due to a partial lack of sialic acid residues on the O glycosidically-linked oligosaccharides of the thymocyte sialoglycoprotein. The B lymphocyte form of the leucocyte-common antigen was the only prominent native glycoprotein which was seen to bind to soybean lectin and this probably accounts for the specific binding of this lectin to B cells. The leucocyte-common antigens, in their asialo forms, from thymocytes and B and T lymphocytes differed in their binding to the lectins and this establishes that these glycoproteins which share antigenic determinants differ in their carbohydrate structures. PMID- 6980827 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte lines (CTLL) against a human minor alloantigen. AB - Cytotoxic T-cell lines were generated following in vitro culture of lymphocytes from a patient suffering from aplastic anemia together with those of his HLA identical brother, a repeated transfusion donor. The segregation pattern within the family of the determinant(s) detected by these cytotoxic cells strongly suggested that a minor alloantigen(s) was being detected. Testing of the effectors on a panel of unrelated individuals indicated that it was best seen in association with HLA-B7, which was common to both the patient and his sibling donor. PMID- 6980829 TI - Non-gonococcal urethritis in males--a preliminary study. PMID- 6980828 TI - Cytolytic T cells activated by H-2-controlled E molecules cross-react with A molecules. AB - Cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity was generated in four strain combinations differing only by the cell-surface expression of the class II E molecule controlled by the H-2 complex. The four combinations were: B10.D2(R107) anti B10.A(3R), B10.A(4R) anti-B10.A(2R), B10.GD anti-B10.D2(R101), and B10.S(7R) anti B10.S(9R). In all four of these combinations, the stimulator expresses E molecules on the cell surface, while the responder does not. The cytolytic T lymphocytes generated in the B10.D2(R107) anti-B10.A(3R) and B10.A(4R) anti B10.A(2R) combinations reacted not only with the stimulator but also with strains that do not express cell-surface E molecules, in particular, strains carrying the H-2f and H-2q haplotypes. The cross-reactivity with E-negative strains could be blocked by monoclonal antibodies specific for the Af or Aq molecules but not by antibodies recognizing determinants on E or class I (K) molecules. The anti-H-2f cross-reactivity could be inhibited by H-2q cold targets and, reciprocally, the anti-H-2q reactivity could be blocked by H-2f cold targets. These findings are interpreted as indicating that the cytolytic T lymphocytes stimulated by E molecules can recognize and lyse cells lacking E molecules but expressing A molecules. The observed E-A cross-reactivity supports the notion of structural and functional relatedness between the A and E molecules and suggests a common evolutionary origin of the A- and E-encoding loci. PMID- 6980831 TI - Microbiological and cytological study of aspirated ocular humours in endophthalmitis. PMID- 6980832 TI - Antilens antibody in normal persons and in different clinical conditions. PMID- 6980830 TI - Evaluation of B.C.G. test in the malnourished. PMID- 6980833 TI - Complications after intraocular lens implants. (Prevention and management). PMID- 6980834 TI - Closed pars plana vitrectomy. PMID- 6980835 TI - Immunologic response of guinea pigs (Cavia porecellus) by treatment with antithymocyte serum, gamma-irradiation of gastrointestinal tract, lymphoid tissue and bone marrow. AB - The immunologic status of the guinea pigs was modified by treatment with antithymocyte serum (ATS): irradiation of gastrointestinal tract lymphoid tissue (GALT) and bone marrow (BM) by gamma-rays. These animals were injected with homologous testes, kidney and heterologous sheep red blood cells respectively in complete Freund's adjuvant. Cell mediate immune response (CMI) and humoral immune response was studied after first, third, fifth and eighth week of allergization. CMI was completely suppressed in guinea pigs treated with ATS, whereas humoral response suppressed to a lesser extent. In GALT and BM irradiated guinea pigs, CMI develops normally. However, marked suppression in the production of antibody titre both against homologous testes, kidney and heterologous sheep red blood cells was observed. Thymic lymphocytes "T' are destroyed by antithymocyte serum which are the mediators of cell mediated immune response. Irradiation of GALT and BM suppresses humoral response thereby supports that these are populated by "B' lymphocytes. PMID- 6980836 TI - [The analgesic activity of Pansoral gel. Indications--results--tolerance]. PMID- 6980837 TI - Canine prostatic secretions kill Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - The zinc content of prostatic secretions is thought to be an important nonspecific defense against urinary tract infection in men. This investigation measured killing by prostatic fluid of Trichomonas vaginalis, a common sexually transmitted pathogen, and related this activity to zinc concentration. We used a canine model which closely resembles the human male genital tract. Prostatic secretions from all dogs killed all T. vaginalis isolates. There appear to be several mechanisms for killing of trichomonads by prostatic fluid. At prostatic fluid zinc concentrations comparable to those in normal men (greater than or equal to 3.2 mM), the rate of killing of trichomonads was proportional to the zinc concentration. At intermediate zinc levels, killing occurred by both zinc dependent and zinc-independent mechanisms. A zinc-independent mechanism was responsible for antitrichomonal activity at relatively low zinc levels (less than 1.6 mM), comparable to those in the prostatic fluid of men with chronic prostatitis. This study suggests that the variable clinical spectrum of trichomoniasis in men may result from a balance between the zinc sensitivity of the T. vaginalis strains on one side and the content of both zinc and zinc independent factors in prostatic fluid on the other. PMID- 6980838 TI - Antibody response of infants to cell surface-exposed outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus influenzae type b after systemic Haemophilus disease. AB - The immune response of nine infants with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis was examined by using a radioimmunoprecipitation procedure designed to detect antibodies directed against cell surface-exposed outer membrane proteins of this pathogen. Using intrinsically or extrinsically radiolabeled intact H. influenzae type b cells with acute- and convalescent-phase human sera in this radioimmunoprecipitation system, we found that all of the infants produced an antibody response directed against several different H. influenzae type b outer membrane proteins. Anti-H. influenzae type b outer membrane protein antibodies present in convalescent sera, but not found in acute sera, were directed against cell surface-exposed H. influenzae type b outer membrane proteins. In contrast, both acute and convalescent sera contained antibody activity directed against numerous H. influenzae type b outer membrane proteins whose antigenic determinants were apparently inaccessible to antibody on intact H. influenzae type b cells. The ability of infants to develop an antibody response to cell surface-exposed, antibody-accessible H. influenzae type b outer membrane proteins indicates that these proteins may have vaccinogenic potential. PMID- 6980839 TI - Studies on multi-antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Twenty-seven isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were found to be resistant to methicillin, nafcillin, tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol by disc diffusion testing and tube dilution studies; they were sensitive to cefamandole, cephalothin and vancomycin by disc testing. A discrepancy between minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations was noted for the cephalosporins which was not appreciated on disc testing. All isolates were very sensitive to rifampin (minimum bactericidal concentration 0.3 mg/l). All isolates were susceptible to phage type 83A. A subpopulation of variant small-colony forms of Staphylococcus aureus was recovered when superinhibitory amounts of aminoglycosides and methicillin were used. The variant Staphylococcus aureus strains retained the same antibiotic susceptibility patterns and phage type as their parent strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Further studies are in progress concerning these isolates and their impact on the hospital flora at our institution. PMID- 6980840 TI - The penetration of erythromycin into Waldeyer's ring--tonsil and adenoid tissue. AB - Erythromycin ethylsuccinate was given orally (30-60 mg/kg/day) to 72 otherwise healthy children for different intervals before adenoidectomy. The concentration of erythromycin was assessed in homogenized tissue, in whole blood and in plasma, making it possible to calculate blood-free tissue levels. The tissue levels (1.5 2.0 mg/l) were the same as the plasma levels. Six patients with chronic tonsillitis were given 1000 mg erythromycin ethylsuccinate via a gastric tube, and tonsillectomy a froid was performed three to five hours later. This unusual mode of administration was chosen to avoid tonsil surface contamination, which might cause artificially high values. The concentration of erythromycin was assessed as described above. The levels of erythromycin in the tonsil tissue were the same as the concomitant plasma levels. Erythromycin has been shown to penetrate into adenoid and tonsil tissue and to attain levels similar to the simultaneous plasma levels. It may be inferred from this study that erythromycin penetrates into other lymphatic localities to the same degree. PMID- 6980841 TI - Studies on Alternaria allergens. III. Effect of Alternaria tenuis on the humoral response to three T cell-dependent antigens in rats. AB - The effects of an extract of the saprophytic mold, Alternaria tenuis (AT-CE) on the humoral response to a ragweed allergen extract (DWSR), ovalbumin and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was investigated in female Wistar rats. Animals pretreated with 100 micrograms or 2 mg AT-CE showed enhancement (p less than 0.05) in the reaginic response (IgE antibody) to DWSR at 25 and 18 days postimmunization. On the other hand, animals posttreated with AT-CE showed substantial reduction in anti-DWSR IgE antibody response. Contrasting results were obtained when ovalbumin was used as an immunizing antigen. There was a remarkable enhancement in the reaginic response to ovalbumin in rats pre- or posttreated with 10 micrograms of AT-CE. Pretreatment with AT-CE did not affect the hemagglutination titers to ovalbumin, while posttreatment with 100 micrograms or 1 mg AT-CE increased the hemagglutination titers of IgM antibody. There was a significant reduction in hemagglutinin, and hemolysin titers to SRBC in animals pretreated with all concentrations of AT-CE; at day 21, suppression was noted in animals pre- or posttreated with all concentrations of AT-CE. On the other hand, greatly increased hemagglutination titers were found in animals posttreated with 100 micrograms or 1 mg AT-CE. Hence, enhancement and suppression can both occur depending on the dose and time of administration of AT-CE together with the nature of the immunizing antigen. PMID- 6980842 TI - Morphological changes in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by C3a in the presence and absence of cytochalasin B. AB - Treatment of human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNs) with C3a leads to profound changes in cell morphology, along with the limited secretion of lysozyme. Simultaneous addition of C3a and cytochalasin B enhances the release of lysosomal enzymes and renders the cell morphology similar to that seen when either C5a or n-formyl peptides are added to PMNs in the presence of cytochalasin B. The morphological response of PMNs treated with C3a is considerably more heterogeneous than that induced by either C5a or n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine, indicating that some, but not all, PMNs have receptors for C3a. PMID- 6980843 TI - Cell-mediated effector mechanisms in aging humans. AB - Specific and nonspecific cell-mediated effector mechanisms have been simultaneously assayed in 15 aged humans. 8 were female and 7 male, including a 114-year-old male in remarkably good health. Proliferative response to alloantigens, the generation of T killer cells and the ability to express cell mediated lympholysis as well as the presence of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity against K562 tumor cell line and the capacity to mount an ADCC response to RhD+ human red blood cell sensitized with anti-D antisera, revealed that in the human aged, while T function significantly declines, nonspecific cell mediated effector mechanisms are operative. PMID- 6980844 TI - Plaque-forming cells in human cord blood: a soluble factor suppressing differentiation but not proliferation of B cells. AB - Cord blood-derived T cells have been shown to suppress differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells and proliferation of mononuclear cells (MNC). We report about a soluble factor present in the supernatant of pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated cord blood MNC which was able to suppress significantly the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in adult MNC populations, but had no effect upon proliferation of adult MNC in response to PWM and allogeneic MNC. The number of PFC was not suppressed by supernatant from unstimulated cord blood MNC or by PWM-stimulated adult MNC. PMID- 6980845 TI - An implantable muscle stimulation unit. PMID- 6980846 TI - Antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia-virus-associated antigen (ATLA) in sera from patients with ATL and controls in Japan: a nation-wide sero-epidemiologic study. AB - A nation-wide sero-epidemiologic survey of adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV), detected es anti-ATLA (ATLV-associated antigen), was made in Japan. Sera from adult donors in 15 different locations were screened for anti-ATLA. High incidences (6 to 37%) of antibody-positive donors were found in seven regions, one in northern Japan, and the others in southwestern regions. These areas are ATLV-endemic areas corresponding to ATL-endemic areas. Examination of sera from healthy donors aged 6 to 80 years in ATL-endemic areas showed an age-dependent increase of seropositive donors with a maximum of about 30% at 40 years of age. Anti-ATLA was found in all but two of 142 patients with ATL. Anti-ATLA-positive patients with ATL were mainly found in ATLV-endemic areas, and only a few in ATL nonendemic areas. Six patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in ATLV-nonendemic areas gave a negative reaction for anti-ATLA. The geometric mean titer of anti ATLA of patients with ATL was higher than that of healthy donors. PMID- 6980848 TI - The role of moire photography in evaluating minor scoliotic curves. AB - Satisfactory correlation has been observed between the radiographic lateral deviation and moire documented asymmetry of the trunk in scoliotic curves. The advantage of the moire method is that it is non-invasive and can document what has been observed for later comparison. This screening method decreases the risk of obtaining too many false positive and negative findings. It also increases the possibility of diagnosing scoliosis earlier than with conventional visual methods and, at the same time, decreases the number of radiographs for minor curves in young patients. PMID- 6980847 TI - Disease-related lymphocyte cytotoxicity in rats bearing transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. Effect of immunomodulators. AB - Blood lymphocytes from rats bearing transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder were studied for their cytotoxicity in vitro against xenogeneic YAC-I target and against syngeneic TCC cells. Control lymphocytes were obtained from age and sex-matched syngeneic rats. The following differences were observed: (1) lymphocytes from TCC-bearing rats were cytotoxic to syngeneic TCC target cells whereas those from control rats were not; (2) lymphocytes from TCC-bearing and control rats were cytotoxic to NK sensitive YAC-I cells; however, NK cells from TCC-bearing rats were more adherent to nylon wool-columns than NK cells from control rats. The adherent and non-adherent cells from TCC-bearing rats were both cytotoxic to syngeneic TCC target cells. Levamisole treatment of effector cells from TCC-bearing rats did not affect the NK activity, yet it increased the cytotoxicity of non-adherent cells on TCC target cells. Treatment of the adherent cells with poly-I:poly-C increased slightly their NK activity on YAC-I cells and their anti-TCC cytotoxicity. However, a marked increase in the cytotoxicity by both adherent and non-adherent cell fractions was observed on TCC target cells pretreated with poly-I:poly-C. A disease-related cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from rats bearing TCC has been observed. Treatment of TCC target cells with poly I:poly-C increased their susceptibility to lysis by the activated effector cells. PMID- 6980849 TI - Concanavalin A-induced alteration of surface marker expression on murine T cells. AB - The activation of suppressor T cells by Concanavalin A (Con A) was characterized by changes in expression of T cell surface markers. Treatment of normal mouse spleen cells with monoclonal antibody to Ly-1 prior to activation with Con A consistently reduced the resulting suppressor cell activity as assayed by mixed culture with primed spleen cells responding to sheep erythrocytes. Addition of indomethacin to anti-Ly-1 depleted spleen cells together with Con A had no effect on the resulting suppressor cell activity, whereas its addition to normal spleen cells together with Con A significantly abrogated suppressor T cell induction. In contrast, treatment of normal spleen cells with anti-Ly-1 following 24h culture with Con A had no effect on resulting suppressor cell activity. Treatment of spleen cells either prior to or following culture with Con A with monoclonal antibody to Ly-2 completely abrogated suppressor T cell activity. Suppressor T cells activated by Con A were depleted significantly by fractionation on columns containing insolubilized histamine. In contrast, fractionation of normal spleen cells on histamine columns followed by culture with Con A had no effect on subsequent suppressor T cell induction. Furthermore, direct addition of histamine (5 x 10(-4) M - 5 x 10(-8) M) to Con A preculture had no effect on resultant suppressor T cell generation, suggesting that possible immunodulatory actions of histamine may be expressed at the effector rather than during induction stages of Con A-induced suppressor T cell activation. PMID- 6980850 TI - Maintenance antimicrobials in high risk urologic pediatric patients. AB - As an alternative to the practice of obtaining repeated laboratory cultures for patients at high risk of renal impairment from recurrent UTI, a program of bone monitoring using a mail-in culture dipspoon was started. A study involving 454 children with neurogenic bladder or other urologic abnormalities showed (1) that the incidence of UTI infection in patients for whom long term antimicrobial therapy had been prescribed was not significantly lower than that in patients who were not on antimicrobials and (2) that at least 50% of dipspoons inoculated due to presentation of UTI symptoms showed no or insignificant growth. These findings suggest that need for further assessment of the efficacy of long term prophylactic antimicrobials in preventing recurrent UTI and the advisability of obtaining a urine culture result before initiating treatment when symptoms are not severe. PMID- 6980852 TI - Radiation-induced dissociation of stable DNA-protein complexes in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. PMID- 6980851 TI - The production of nitrite from radiolytic, photolytic and electrolytic degradation of metronidazole. PMID- 6980853 TI - Supercoiled DNA repair in thymocyte fractions differing in radiosensitivity. AB - Mouse thymocyte fractions were isolated on the basis of buoyant density in a step gradient of human serum albumin. These fractions were characterized by cell size, radiosensitivity and hydrocortisone sensitivity, and by labelled precursor incorporation into DNA, RNA and proteins. The relative sedimentation of nucleoids in sucrose gradient was also determined. Large and more radioresistant thymocytes were characterized by an increased rate of DNA repair compared with the fraction of radiosensitive small lymphocytes. Nucleoids prepared from the small thymocyte fraction had greater relative sedimentation rates than those derived from large cells. The response of relative sedimentation of nucleoids from large and small thymocyte fractions to ethidium bromide concentration does not permit a conclusion on different superhelix density for DNA in cells of these fractions. At the same time the estimate of the supercoiled domain size for nucleoids of large and small thymocyte fractions showed that in the more radiosensitive small cells domains of greater size were predominant. PMID- 6980854 TI - Analysis of membrane lipid composition of mammalian cells during the development of thermotolerance. AB - The mechanism by which cells develop thermotolerance is unknown but some previous results suggest that membranes are involved in the process. The lipid composition of membranes from Ehrlich ascites cells grown in tissue culture was analysed at times up to 24 hours after heat treatments at 42 to 44 degrees C known to induce thermotolerance. No changes were observed in the levels of free cholesterol and phospholipids in the cells, nor in the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids. In addition, no changes were observed in the level of cholesterol esters. When cells were fractionated into crude nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions by differential centrifugation, there was still no heat induced change in the free cholesterol or phospholipid levels of these fractions. It is concluded that thermotolerance is not mediated through a compositional change in the membranes to a more thermostable form. PMID- 6980856 TI - The incorporation of time-of-flight measurements into positron emission computed tomography. PMID- 6980857 TI - Performance characteristics derived from emission computed tomographic images using a single rotating head gamma-camera. PMID- 6980855 TI - Radiosensitivity of mice with mutation at loci W, Ph. PMID- 6980859 TI - Social symptoms in the community. PMID- 6980858 TI - Alcoholism in Southeast Asia. Prevalence and treatment. AB - A pilot, field investigation of the prevalence and treatment of alcoholism in Southeast Asia (Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, and Thailand) and conducted. The methodology combined an informant study, interviewing leading alcohol and drug abuse authorities; utilising existing data; and clinical and naturalistic observation. The effects of modernisation, multiracial culture, and the unilateral focus on opiates are discussed; recommendations on treatment, education, and research are presented. PMID- 6980860 TI - Mental symptoms in the community. PMID- 6980861 TI - Behavioural symptoms in the community. AB - The prevalence of behavioural symptoms amongst a sample of 380 children of 15 years and under, is described. 24% of children had behavioural symptoms, as defined by the subjective responses of parents to a structured questionnaire at home interviews. The frequency of behavioural symptoms was correlated with a number of personal and environmental variables, of which long stays in hospital, not being looked after by a parent, and a high neuroticism score for the parent or responsible adult, were the main predictors for the presence of behavioural symptoms in children. PMID- 6980862 TI - Homicide and suicide among the Cherokee and Lumbee Indians of North Carolina. AB - The Cherokee and Lumbee, the two major Indian populations in North Carolina, have exhibited similarities in patterns of homicide and suicide. Both Indian populations have higher rates of homicidal than of suicidal death. Yet in 1972 73, the Lumbee homicide rates was considerably higher than that for the Cherokee, but the Cherokee's suicide rate exceeded that for the Lumbee. During 1974-1976, the Cherokee manifested excessively high rates of violent death, with suicide increasing faster than homicide. The Lumbee homicide rate declined during this period, while the suicide rate increased. Lumbee violence patterns indicate a slight dissipation of cultural traits that predispose them to aggressive behaviour and the concomitant emergence of a trend toward self-destructive behaviour. The rise in Cherokee suicide rate may be consistent with the harmony Ethic of some tribe members, but the sharp increase in homicide may reflect the erosion of the traditional non-violent ethic among the band as a whole. PMID- 6980864 TI - Rapid dark adaptation of bullfrog rods is delayed by barium. AB - With use of sodium aspartate, the late receptor potential of the excised, perfused bullfrog retina was isolated. By means of a two-flash technique, rapid dark adaptation of rods was monitored. As in cones, barium ions were found to delay the onset of rapid dark adaptation of rods, but the rate of recovery, once begun, was virtually unaffected. The effect of barium on the amplitude-intensity relationship of rods was also determined. Unlike its ability to dramatically increase the amplitude of the receptor potential of rods, barium had no effect on the absolute threshold of rods. We propose that barium ions act on the enzyme system postulated to govern the onset of rapid dark adaptation of rods and suggest that a reduction in the activity of an ATP protein kinase might be the basis for this effect. PMID- 6980863 TI - Untreated depression in a working population. AB - An attempt was made to assess the six months' prevalence rate of depression in a working population. The survey involved a total of 233 employees, in entertainment industry. Out of the total population of 233, 77 were to participate in the survey because of shift work and 18 refused. One hundred and thirty-eight probands were investigated, a compliance rate of 88.46%. Results show a very high prevalence of depressive illness in working population (9.4%); 21.7% showed "depressive symptoms only" and "terminal insomnia only". The majority of sufferers, particularly the males, remains untreated. The similarity of our findings compared to several well-controlled studies is striking, but this report can only be regarded as preliminary, and further in-depth investigations will have to be carried out. PMID- 6980865 TI - Late-onset type of 21-hydroxylase deficiency in childhood. AB - It was recently proposed that congenital and late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency are caused by two distinct recessive allelic genes. Although both genes are associated with the HLA system, only the late-onset type was found to be linked with the antigens B14 and DR1. Biochemical and immunological studies were conducted in two families with children suffering from 21-hydroxylase deficiency of postnatal onset. In the first family, of Jewish Ashkenazic origin, a 2 1/2-yr old girl presenting with clitoromegaly was found to be homozygous for the antigens B14 and DR1. In the second family, of Arabic origin, all the children, their parents and a paternal aunt were clinically and/or biochemically affected, carrying the B14, but not the DR1 antigen on one or both HLA haplotypes. These data suggest that some cases of simple virilizing 21-hydroxylase deficiency in childhood are related to the late-onset type of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 6980866 TI - Significance of ultrasound and gallium scanning in detecting intraabdominal abscesses. AB - The diagnostic value of ultrasound was compared to that of gallium scan in 36 patients with clinically suspected intraabdominal abscessed. Both modalities reached an accuracy of 91.6%. The gallium scan was found to be more sensitive (93.3%) than ultrasound (86.6%), while the specificity rate of ultrasound (95.2%) was superior to that of the gallium scan (90.4%). It is suggested that, in the acutely ill patient, ultrasound should be the method of choice, whereas in the nonacute patient, either method may be used. A positive ultrasound examination and a negative gallium scan can be considered conclusive, whereas a negative ultrasound study or a positive gallium scan needs the complimentary support of the other modality in order to reach a definite conclusion. PMID- 6980868 TI - Cyclosporin a inhibits T cell-mediated augmentation of mouse natural killer activity. AB - Cyclosporin A (CSA) in vitro inhibited the spontaneous cytotoxic activity of mouse spleen cells against YAC target cells in a 4 hr 51Cr release assay. While natural killer (NK) cells were inhibited directly by CSA, these suppressive effects were largely reversible by coculture of effector cells for an optimal period with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast concanavalin A (Con A), in the presence of CSA, was unable to augment NK activity. The supernatant, however, of mouse spleen cells cultured with Con A was fully able to augment the NK the activity by freshly cultured spleen cells in the presence of CSA. The results indicate that CSA inhibits NK activity by two distinct mechanisms: a) a direct inactivation of NK cells and b) a suppression of production or release of an NK-activating factor from T cells, but not B cells or macrophages. PMID- 6980867 TI - Immunotoxicology studies on lead: effects of exposure on tumor growth and cell mediated tumor immunity after syngeneic or allogeneic stimulation. AB - Chronic exposure of C57BL/6 mice to lead acetate in the drinking water enhanced the growth of primary Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV)-induced tumors. Regression of MSV-induced tumors was not prevented by lead exposure and lead-treated animals were more resistant to late sarcoma development following primary tumor regression. The primary cell-mediated cytotoxic response in the spleen or lymph nodes of MSV-tumor bearing mice was significantly augmented by lead exposure. This augmentation appeared to reflect the increased antigenic stimulation resulting from the enhanced primary tumor growth in lead-exposed animals. Using an allogeneic tumor model, under conditions of similar antigenic stimulation, little effect of lead on T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was observed. On the other hand, macrophage phagocytic activity was significantly depressed in lead-exposed mice. Coupled with a decrease in the total number of macrophages recovered from lead-exposed mice, the results suggested significant impairment of macrophages function by lead. The influence of lead-induced macrophage dysfunction on tumor growth is discussed. PMID- 6980869 TI - Use of military antishock trousers: nursing implications. PMID- 6980871 TI - Effects of lung inflation on alveolar epithelial solute and water transport properties. AB - Paired hollow bullfrog lungs (Rana catesbeiana) were used to study the effects of lung inflation on alveolar epithelial transport of water and hydrophilic solutes. Frogs were double pithed and the lungs were removed after bronchial placement of a Lucite plug. Three openings in the plug accommodated the insertion of two agar Ringer bridges (for electrical potential measurement and passage of direct current) and the injection and removal of alveolar bathing fluid. Ringer solution containing a tracer quantity of radioactive solute was instilled into the lung sacs (5 ml or 50 ml) and the lungs were suspended in baths of Ringer solution containng appropriate cold solutes (5 mM). Permeability properties of each solute (and water) were determined from the rate of radiotracer concentration change in the bath. The spontaneous potential difference, tissue resistance, and solute permeability properties determined in these experiments showed no significant differences between the 5- and 50-ml lungs. Assuming homogeneous, cylindrical water-filled pores to be present in the tissue, the equivalent pore radii estimated from the rates of solute and water fluxes were 1.1 (for 5-ml lungs) and 0.9 nm (for 50-ml lungs). After overinflation of the lung (to greater than 80 ml), experiments at 50 ml yielded a pore radius of 3.4 nm. These data suggest that passive alveolar epithelial transport properties do not change with degrees of lung inflation normally encountered in vivo but that overinflation can lead to increased leakiness of the barrier. PMID- 6980872 TI - Prothrombin deficiency in a cocker spaniel. PMID- 6980870 TI - Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen by Elisa technique using penicillinase (beta-lactamase) labelled caprine antibody to HBsAg. PMID- 6980873 TI - The inhibition of bacterial beta-lactamases by some monocyclic beta-lactams. AB - The inhibition characteristics of 25 monocyclic beta-lactams mainly with an amido function at C3 have been studied against the beta-lactamases produced by 4 bacterial types. Significant levels of inhibition were found for only a few of the compounds tested and primarily against Staphylococcus beta-lactamase. The most active inhibitor tested, 3-p-nitrophenylacetamido-4-phenylazetidin-2-one, was found to require a cis geometry, the trans isomer being almost inactive. PMID- 6980875 TI - The carbapenem family. PMID- 6980874 TI - Characteristics of a beta-lactamase produced by Clostridium butyricum. PMID- 6980876 TI - Comparison of pharmacokinetics of sulphadiazine and sulphamethoxazole after intravenous infusion. PMID- 6980878 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type B and pyogenic osteomyelitis. PMID- 6980879 TI - Novobiocin resistance marker in Haemophilus influenzae that is not expressed on a plasmid. AB - The plasmid pNov2, carrying a cloned chromosomal marker conferring resistance to at least 2.5 micrograms of novobiocin per ml, was constructed with a new Haemophilus influenzae cloning vehicle, pDM2. The novobiocin marker of pNov2 was not normally expressed, but in Rec+ cells approximately one in 10(4) cells in a culture of a transformant became novobiocin resistant, a frequency about four orders of magnitude higher than the spontaneous mutation frequency. Variants of such cells that had lost the plasmid were also novobiocin resistant. Since Rec- cultures bearing pNov2 showed novobiocin resistance only at the normal mutation frequency, we concluded that the Rec+ novobiocin-resistant transformants arose because of a rare recombination between plasmid and chromosome in which the chromosome acquired the novobiocin marker from the plasmid. Evidence is presented that novobiocin sensitivity is dominant over this particular novobiocin resistance marker. PMID- 6980880 TI - Decreased L-system for amino acid transport in chronic lymphocytic leukemic lymphocytes. AB - We have defined the kinetic parameters of the L-system of amino acid transport in chronic leukemia of B-lymphocytes (B-cell CLL) and have compared them to those of normal blood lymphocytes, tonsillar lymphocytes, a normal B-lymphocytic cell line (RPMI 1788), and chronic leukemia of T-lymphocytes. The L-system was judged by its affinity for and maximal transport velocity of BCH, a synthetic amino acid whose uptake is virtually limited to the L-system. The L-system of B-cell CLL lymphocytes functioned at less than 15% the rate of the other lymphocyte types, and the substrate affinity of the L-system was lower than that of the other lymphocyte types studied. Thus, the L-system of amino acid transport, a hallmark of normal T- and B-lymphocytes, is vestigial in B-cell CLL. This key functional membrane defect is more closely related to the neoplastic nature of CLL-cells than to their B-lymphocyte phenotype. PMID- 6980877 TI - A comparison of cefuroxime and co-trimoxazole in severe respiratory tract infections. PMID- 6980881 TI - Proteolytic cleavage and inactivation of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and C1 inactivator by human polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase. AB - This study has examined the interaction between human leukocyte elastase and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor, or C1 inactivator, inhibitors of proteases of the complement, kinin, coagulation, and fibrinolytic enzyme systems. Leukocyte elastase, in catalytic concentrations, progressively inactivates the plasmin inhibitory activity of both inhibitors. The C1s binding function of C1 inactivator is also destroyed by leukocyte elastase. The nature of the molecular events underlying the inactivation of these protease inhibitors was examined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Loss of functional activity was accompanied by limited proteolytic cleavage of both inhibitors with the production of several characteristic derivative peptide chains. Leukocyte elastase cleaved alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor at two separate sites and generated lower molecular weight fragments similar to those produced by bovine beta-trypsin. C1 inactivator was hydrolyzed at three different regions on the molecule whereas beta-trypsin cleaved two regions in common with leukocyte elastase. These findings suggest that inactivation of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and C1 inactivator by leukocyte elastase released in the inflammatory reaction may potentiate pathological proteolysis. The limited digestion of these inhibitory proteins by leukocyte elastase may prove useful in studies of their primary structure. PMID- 6980882 TI - Characterization of a tyrosine-specific kinase activity in human fibroblast membranes stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor. PMID- 6980883 TI - Covalent modification of fourth component of human complement with primary amines. Binding studies with metastable fragment C4b and with C4. AB - A C4-dependent hemolytic complement assay and competitive binding assays with [1,4(n)-3H]putrescine or [14C]methylamine were used to determine the structural preferences of C4 and of metastable C4 for covalent modification with a series of alkyl primary amines. The pKa values of individual amines did not correspond with their ability to inactivate the hemolytic function of C4. The rank order of effectiveness did correlate with the molecular weight and conformation of the organic amines tested. In contrast to results with C4, metastable C4b displays a general increased susceptibility for modification by C3 and C4 alkyl amines. However, C4b exhibits a distinct preference for diamines, putrescine and 1,3 diaminopropane, over monoamines of the same alkyl chain length, s-butylamine and n-propylamine. Taken together, these studies provide the first direct evidence for a conformational change in the thioester region of C4 upon proteolytic activation to metastable C4b. A model is proposed to explain the results of competitive binding experiments with metastable C4b in terms of two binding sites for amines on C4b, the presumptive thioester and a second site such as the free side chain carboxyl group of glutamic acid. It is suggested that all amines except methylamine bind preferentially to the latter site; once bound, only diamines would still be capable of mounting a nucleophilic attack on the thioester bond with the second amino group. PMID- 6980884 TI - Computed tomography of sellar and parasellar lesions: indications for metrizamide cisternography. AB - Sixty-four patients with intrasellar and suprasellar lesions on conventional computed tomography (CT) have been studied retrospectively to determine the indications for metrizamide CT cisternography (MCTC). Enhancing or calcified lesions, like a craniopharyngioma, pituitary adenoma, meningioma or aneurysm are adequately evaluated by conventional CT and MCTC is usually not needed. Determination of the exact suprasellar extent of an enhancing pituitary adenoma is best accomplished with coronal thin-section conventional CT alone. However, for isodense or hypodense suprasellar and intrasellar lesions, MCTC is indicated if conventional CT does not define their extent accurately. Differentiation of an empty sella from the occasional entirely lucent pituitary adenoma or other low density intrasellar lesions remains difficult by conventional CT at times, especially when the infundibulum is not identified. Then MCTC will also be indicated. PMID- 6980885 TI - Calcium homeostasis in intact lymphocytes: cytoplasmic free calcium monitored with a new, intracellularly trapped fluorescent indicator. AB - A new, fluorescent, highly selective Ca2+ indicator , "quin2", has been trapped inside intact mouse and pig lymphocytes, to measure and manipulate cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentrations, [Ca2+]i. Quin2 is a tetracarboxylic acid which binds Ca2+ with 1:1 stoichiometry and an effective dissociation constant of 115 nM in a cationic background mimicking cytoplasm. Its fluorescence signal (excitation 339 nm, emission 492 nm) increases about fivefold going from Ca-free to CA-saturated forms. Cells are loaded with quin2 by incubation with its acetoxymethyl ester, which readily permeates the membrane and is hydrolyzed in the cytoplasm, thus trapping the impermeant quin2 there. The intracellular quin2 appears to be free in cytoplasm, not bound to membranes and not sequestered inside organelles. The fluorescence signal from resting cells indicates a [Ca2+]i of near 120 nM. The millimolar loadings of quin2 needed for accurately calibrated signals do not seem to perturb steady-state [Ca2+]i, but do somewhat slow or blunt [Ca2+]i transients. Loadings of up to 2mM are without serious toxic effects, though above this level some lowering of cellular ATP is observed. [Ca2+]i was well stabilized in the face of large changes in external Ca2+. Alterations of Na+ gradients, membrane potential, or intracellular pH had little effect. Mitochondrial poisons produced a small increase in [Ca2+]i, probably due mostly to the effects of severe ATP depletion on the plasma membrane. Thus intracellulary trapped chelators like quin2 offer a method to measure or buffer [Ca2+]i in hitherto intractable cell types. PMID- 6980886 TI - High intracellular pH accompanies mitotic activity in murine lymphocytes. AB - Intracellular pH is crucial to the control of many cellular processes such as glycolysis, protein synthesis, and cell division. To study the relation between intracellular pH and mitotic activity in actively dividing Con A- or LPS stimulated splenic lymphocytes, a method was developed to determine intracellular pH using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The new method uses the pH sensitive fluorochrome, 4-methylumbelliferone. Results obtained with it not only correspond qualitatively with the results obtained using 14C dimethyloxazolidinedione (DMO) but also clearly show the active and inactive subpopulations. The intracellular pH of mitogen-stimulated murine lymphocytes increases from pH 7.15 to pH 7.45 when the population has greatest mitotic activity. The intracellular pH of three virus-transformed lymphocyte cell lines is higher by approximately 0.5 pH units when the cells are in exponential growth compared to stationary phase. PMID- 6980890 TI - Seeking care for cancer relevant symptoms. AB - Although it has been estimated that a fourth of the individuals who die of cancer each year might have survived if their cancer had been detected earlier, little is known about the characteristics of individuals who seek care for cancer relevant symptoms. This study reports data from a 1 yr panel study of 1210 individuals in metropolitan Los Angeles who were asked to report any symptoms they had experienced during each six week interval between interviews. These symptoms were classified according to the National Ambulatory Symptom Classification and then rated for their cancer relevance by three university based oncologists working independently. There were 35 symptoms rated as cancer relevant. Inter-rated reliability was 0.73. Analysis is directed towards the distribution of these symptoms in the population, the distribution of physician visits for these symptoms and the structural and social psychological factors that predict the decision to seek medical care for these symptoms. The implications of the results for health education are twofold. First, because these symptoms occur homogeneously across subgroups, education programs targeted to specific subpopulations are likely to be inefficient. Second, even if successful education campaigns could be undertaken, it is unlikely that all physicians would agree that all of the increased demand for services would be appropriate. PMID- 6980888 TI - [Hemostatic embolization. A report on 212 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Among 1200 patients who have undergone embolization procedure in Lariboisiere Hospital, 212 were treated to achieve hemostasis. The topographical repartition shows a preeminence in the cervico-cephalic area (91 cas) but also that hemorrages can now be controlled by this method in any part of the body. Regarding the type of the hemorrages, one must distinguish acute or semi-acute bleedings (52 cases) where embolization may instantaneously stop the hemorrage and spare arterial ligation. Pre-operative embolization (48 cases) allows surgeons to operate under excellent conditions in case of highly vascular lesions. Chronic bleedings (112 cases) affords great relief to the patient while often providing a life saving solution, when other therapeutic have failed. PMID- 6980889 TI - Determination of pyrimethamine in human plasma after administration of fansidar of fansidar-mefloquine by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - A sensitive, rapid and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed to measure plasma levels of pyrimethamine in human subjects dosed with the antimalarials Fansidar or Fansidar and mefloquine. The drug was extracted from plasma at basic pH with n-butyl chloride-dichloromethane (96:4, v/v) and quantified on a normal-phase HPLC column with fluorescence detection (excitation 290 nm, emission 345 nm). Pyrimethamine was almost quantitatively extracted from plasma in the concentration range 20-200 ng/ml. The sensitivity limit was about 10 ng/ml of plasma, using a 0.5-ml specimen. The method was shown to be specific with respect to the other two components in the antimalarial combinations, namely sulfadoxine and mefloquine, and their metabolites. The assay was applied to pharmacokinetic studies of pyrimethamine in man following the oral administration of Fansidar of Fansidar and mefloquine. PMID- 6980891 TI - Formation of deoxycorticosterone from progesterone in extraadrenal tissues: demonstration of steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in human aorta. AB - In the present investigation, we demonstrated the presence of steroid 21 hydroxylase activity in microsome-enriched fractions prepared from homogenates of aortal tissues of human abortuses and a prepubertal boy. The specific activities of this enzyme in microsomes prepared from aortal tissue of various abortuses varied but was similar to that found previously in microsomes prepared from human fetal kidney tissue. However, the specific activity of steroid 21-hydroxylase in microsomes prepared from smooth muscle tissue of the aorta of a prepubertal boy was extraordinarily high, viz., 705 pmol x h-1 x mg-1 protein. Thus the potential exists for the formation of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in aorta, another tissue site of DOC action. PMID- 6980887 TI - Production of monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor by preadipocyte cell lines derived from murine marrow stroma. AB - Three preadipocyte cell lines that have been independently derived from bone marrow stroma (Lanotte et al, 1982) have been tested for their capacity to produce granulocyte, macrophage, and erythroid colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). All elaborated colony-stimulating material that was active upon adult mouse marrow granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells (M-CFC) but not foetal liver GM-CFC. The major activity was characterised as a monocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and the pattern of colony stimulation was similar to that seen after addition of highly purified L-cell CSF. Furthermore, the stimulating activity was specifically neutralised by rabbit anti-L cell CSF antibodies. No evidence was found for stimulation of multipotential or erythroid colony-forming cells, only few granulocytic colonies were detected, and the stimulating activity had no mouse strain restriction. All cell lines produced large quantities of M-CSF; however, the production was found to be modulated during the adipogenesis process. A peak in M-CSF production corresponded to the period of growth arrest after confluence of the stromal cells was reached and when adipocyte maturation was at an early stage. A marked depression in M-CSF secretion was associated with the final steps of adipocyte maturation. PMID- 6980892 TI - The effects of corticotropin releasing factor on the anterior pituitary function of stalk-sectioned cynomolgus macaques: dose response of cortisol secretion. AB - The recent identification of ovine corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), a 41 amino acid peptide, provides a potential new approach to evaluate disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We report here the effects of this new factor in the pituitary stalk-sectioned cynomolgus macaque. Given as an intravenous bolus, CRF stimulated cortisol secretion with an ED50 between 0.1 and 1 microgram/kg body weight. The peak cortisol response occurred after 15--30 min at low doses (0.5--1 microgram/kg) and after 45--90 min at higher doses (2--40 microgram/kg). This factor also stimulated the release of growth hormone and prolactin, but had no effect on TSH or LH secretion. PMID- 6980893 TI - [Hemoglobin transition in the early developmental stage of the tadpole, Rana catesbeiana (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980894 TI - Fractionation of Pneumocystis carinii antigens used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies and in the production of antiserum for detecting Pneumocystis carinii antigenemia. AB - Cyst-rich suspensions of Pneumocystis carinii were obtained by differential and gradient centrifugation from heavily infected rat lungs. After preparation of an aqueous-soluble extract of the cyst-rich material, the insoluble residue was extracted with 8 M urea. Small amounts of infected human lung tissue and uninfected rat and human lung were processed similarly. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that both human and rat infected lung extracts contained a large protein (greater than 200,000 daltons). This component was not present in extracts of uninfected lung. In addition, an HCl-soluble extract was prepared from the cyst-rich suspension from infected rat lung. The urea-extracted antigen was most reactive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rabbit antiserum against the HCl-soluble antigen detected circulating antigen in patients' sera in a counterimmunoelectrophoresis assay. PMID- 6980895 TI - Detection of specific antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and antigenemia by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in humans infected with Pneumocystis carinii. AB - A urea-soluble extract of cyst-rich material from rat lung heavily infected with Pneumocystis carinii was evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorption assay for antibody in 461 human sera. The highest level of reactivity occurred in sera submitted for serodiagnosis from proved or highly suspect cases. However, the range of reactivities in these groups, many of whom were on immunosuppressive therapy, was very wide. A more restricted lower range of reactivity was observed in both hospital-family contacts and healthy Serum Bank donors. Because of the overlap in levels of reactivity between the pneumocystosis and control groups, no concise cutoff value to separate infected from noninfected individuals could be made. Specificity of the reactions was shown by absorption of patients' and control sera with uninfected and P. carinii-infected human and rat lung tissue. The data support the concept that P. carinii is highly prevalent as a latent agent in the general population and is provoked to cause clinically manifest disease in the compromised host. Detection of circulating antigen appeared to be specific and possibly a useful adjunct to diagnosis, as 10 of the 14 proved or highly suspect patients with antigenemia did not have measurable antibody to P. carinii. PMID- 6980896 TI - Clinical studies of a new latex particle agglutination test for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribose phosphate antigen in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. AB - A new latex particle agglutination test for direct detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribose phosphate antigen in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine was evaluated from studies at four clinical centers. Although use of a serum buffer significantly reduced inconclusive agglutination of the latex particles, the retesting of serum samples, after heat inactivation and dilution, resolved all serum samples, with one exception, as reactive or nonreactive for the presence of the polyribose phosphate antigen. A clinical accuracy of 100% was obtained for the latex particle agglutination method in respect to its capability for detection of polyribose phosphate antigen in all patients with confirmed infection by H. influenzae type b. PMID- 6980897 TI - Rapid detection in spinal fluid of beta-lactamase produced by ampicillin resistant Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The chromogenic cephalosporin nitrocefin was used to detect the presence of beta lactamase in cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. Five samples of spinal fluid containing ampicillin-resistant isolates were studied, and all had beta-lactamase activity. When samples of spinal fluid containing 33 ampicillin-sensitive isolates and 234 sterile specimens were tested, no beta-lactamase activity was detected. PMID- 6980898 TI - Acridine orange staining of Pneumocystis carinii. AB - Acridine orange was used to stain smears of mouse lung which contained cyst and trophozoite forms of Pneumocystis carinii. Trophozoite forms stained yellow to orange; however, cyst forms did not stain. Acridine orange is a rapid and sensitive method for demonstrating trophozoites of P. carinii in mouse lung tissue. PMID- 6980899 TI - Binding of human factor VII and VIIa to monocytes. AB - Human coagulation Factors VII and VIIa bind with equal affinity to monocytes stimulated with endotoxin. Equilibrium binding studies performed at 0 degrees C using 125I-labeled Factor VII and VIIa showed the dissociation constant (Kd) to be congruent to 82 pM with congruent to 3,600 binding sites/monocyte. Ca++ was required for Factor VII and VIIa interaction with monocytes (optimal CaC12 concentration greater than or equal to 2.5 mM) and binding was reversed by the addition of EDTA. The rate of conversion of Factor X to Xa in mixtures containing Factor VIIa and monocytes was directly related to the quantity of Factor VIIa bound to the monocyte surface. Thus the monocyte binding sites appear to represent tissue factor. Competition experiments showed that Factor VII and VIIa bind to the same monocyte sites and further, that unlabeled Factor VII and VIIa have the same affinity for the binding sites as the 125I-labeled proteins. PMID- 6980901 TI - Lymphocyte dysfunction in congenital hypoplastic anemia. AB - Congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome) is thought to involve the erythropoietic cell line alone. In this study, the evaluation of lymphocyte function in five patients with this syndrome revealed a number of abnormalities. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte percentages as assessed by monoclonal antibodies were decreased in three patients. T-helper/T-suppressor cell (OKT4:OKT8) ratios were almost unity in four of the five patients. We usually find a ratio of 2:1 in normal populations. Studies of lymphocyte-mediated suppression of lymphoproliferation demonstrated an inability to generate concanavalin A-induced suppressor cells in the same four patients and impaired prostaglandin-mediated suppression in two patients. Co-culture studies revealed a T lymphocyte-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis in a single patient, who also showed suppression of the mixed lymphocyte reaction. The four remaining patients showed no excessive suppressor effects either upon erythropoiesis or lymphoproliferation. These studies demonstrate that in congenital hypoplastic anemia, the cellular defect is not restricted to the erythroid progenitor cells, but extends to the lymphocytes. PMID- 6980900 TI - Ability of the xid gene to prevent autoimmunity in (NZB X NZW)F1 mice during the course of their natural history, after polyclonal stimulation, or following immunization with DNA. AB - F1 hybrid offspring of New Zealand Black mothers and New Zealand White fathers [(NZB X NZW)F1] female mice develop antibodies to single-stranded (ss) and native DNA, immune complex glomerulonephritis, massive proteinuria, and premature death with renal failure. By a series of matings, congenic (NZB X NZW)F1 . xid/xid mice were prepared. These mice were different from (NZB X NZW)F1 mice in having the X chromosome-linked immune deficiency gene, xid, in homozygous form. Such congenic (NZB X NZW)F1 . xid/xid females failed to develop antibodies to single-stranded or native DNA. They also failed to develop fatal renal disease as measured by proteinuria, glomerular histology, glomerular immunofluorescence, and survival. To control for unknown genetic factors, studies were performed with littermates that were derived by mating NZB . xid/+ females with NZW . xid/Y males such that the resulting offspring were either (NZB X NZW)F1 . xid/xid (and therefore "defective") or (NZB X NZW)F1 . xid/+ [phenotypically like (NZB X NZW)F1]. In these and in additional studies, mice were housed in the same cages and identified by ear tagging so as to avoid possible environmental variations from cage to cage. In these studies, xid/xid mice failed to develop the characteristic signs of autoimmunity, whereas the controls did. Similar results were also obtained with (NZW X NZB)F1 xid/xid mice compared with (NZW X NZB)F1 xid/+ mice. The effect of xid/xid upon (NZB X NZW)F1 mice was further investigated by assessing responses to immunization and polyclonal B cell activation in vivo. The xid/xid mice failed to produce anti-ssDNA following immunization with ssDNA complexed to a protein carrier in fluid form or even emulsified in adjuvant. Finally, the xid/xid mice failed to produce antiDNA in response to multiple injections of the polyclonal activator, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or the polyclonal activator, polyribose inosinic acid . polyribose cytidylic acid. However, the xid/xid mice were neither generally hyporesponsive nor unable to recognize LPS because they made normal antibody responses following immunization with LPS to which multiple trinitrophenyl groups were chemically attached. We conclude from these studies that xid/xid, which is known to cause the deletion of a B cell subset, has a profound affect upon (NZB X NZW)F1 mice, rendering them insusceptible to the naturally occurring autoimmune disease characteristic of (NZB X NZW)F1 mice, and preventing them from producing antibodies to DNA despite purposeful immunization and polyclonal B cell activation. These results force a reevaluation of previous concepts regarding the mechanisms by which xid/xid might interfere with the development of autoimmunity, and a consideration of therapeutic implications. PMID- 6980903 TI - Angiodysplasias of the colon. AB - We studied 14 large bowel resections from patients with a provisional clinical diagnosis of a bleeding vascular lesion of the colon. For the purpose of this study we developed a barium-gelatine vascular injection technique. Six of the 14 cases were proven to be angiodysplasias with an identifiable mucosal vascular ectasia. The pathological findings in these six cases are described. We conclude that angiodysplasia represent a significant cause of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the elderly. It is our opinion that only the mucosa vascular ectasia seen in these cases is histologically diagnostic and that sub-mucosal venous ectasia, while characteristic of angiodysplasia, is non-specific. the differential diagnostic features which will allow the histological distinction of angiodysplasia from other vascular lesions of the colon are discussed. PMID- 6980905 TI - Preventive dental behavior in families: a national survey. AB - The results of the 1980 survey showed that a majority of white American family members adhered to a strict toothbrushing schedule. The popular times of brushing were before bedtime, after breakfast, and on arising. This pattern of preferred brushing times was similar to that in the 1966 and 1974 surveys. Only a small percentage of the sample flossed daily. More than half of the sample visited their dentists regularly. More than 70% visited their dentists for preventive examinations or cleanings within the year before the survey was done. Compared with the results from the 1966 and 1974 surveys, the preventive dental behavior of the white American families has improved significantly since 1966. PMID- 6980904 TI - Pityriasis rosea in Rochester, Minnesota, 1969 to 1978. AB - A population-based epidemiologic study of pityriasis rosea was developed for Rochester, MN, for a recent 10-year period. Nine hundred thirty-nine patients with pityriasis rosea (340 male patients and 599 female patients) who resided within Rochester city limits at the time the diagnosis was made were included. The average annual incidence rate of this disease was 172.2 per 100,000 person years (158.9 per 100,000, adjusted to the 1970 U.S. white population). Female patients predominated by a margin of 1.5:1.0. More than 75% of the patients were between the ages of 10 and 35 years, with a mean age of 22.7 years and a range of 10 months to 78 years. There was a recurrence of the illness in 1.8% of the patients after an average of 4.5 years of follow-up. The highest rate was noted in 1972, following which there was a steady and significant decline in incidence. The incidence of the disease was significantly higher in the colder months than in the warmer season. Patients in twenty-one close-contact pairs experienced the disease at varying intervals. Recent past infections or history of atopy was noted in nearly one third of the cases. PMID- 6980902 TI - Volume regulation by human lymphocytes. Identification of differences between the two major lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Following exposure to hypotonic media, human peripheral blood lymphocytes swell initially but restore their isotonic volume within minutes. In contrast, tonsillar lymphocytes demonstrate a similar initial phase of swelling but fail to restore their isotonic volume. We have studied the ionic basis for this second or regulatory volume decrease (RVD) phase using lymphocytes from peripheral blood, tonsil, and thymus. RVD was characterized by 86Rb efflux and a decrease in K+ content. The increase in K+ permeability in response to hypotonic challenge was characteristic for T lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood, tonsil, or thymus. B lymphocytes showed only a modest increase in K+ permeability and consequently little RVD. The data confirm that the response of peripheral blood and tonsillar lymphocytes to a hypotonic environment can be accounted for by differences in the proportions of T and B cells, and the differential behaviour of B and T lymphocytes is based on differences in membrane permeability to K+ upon swelling. PMID- 6980907 TI - Quality assurance. I. A levels of care model. AB - A model used to identify patients requiring increased nutritional support and to determine priorities and delineate the degree of care required and role responsibilities is described. The model includes three levels of care; Level I is the most basic care and Level III the most intense. Assignment to a level of care is based on the presence, absence, or anticipated development of nutritional problems and/or the degree of dietary teaching required. Within each level of care, practitioner responsibilities have been defined by frequency and by position. PMID- 6980906 TI - Enumeration of T cell subsets in atopic dermatitis using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 22 patients with atopic dermatitis, 17 age matched healthy controls, 10 patients with other skin diseases, and 14 patients with either asthma or allergic rhinitis were characterized by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens of helper-inducer (T4) and suppressor-cytotoxic (T8) T cell subsets and to a common T cell antigen (T3). In contrast to healthy controls and controls with other skin diseases or respiratory allergic disease, patients with atopic dermatitis had a reduced percentage of T3 positive (T3+)cells (p less than 0.01) and T8-positive (T8+) cells (p less than 0.001) but not of T4-positive cells (T4+)op less than 0.05). A selective increase in the ratio of T4+ cells over T8+ cells was observed in 17 of 22 patients with atopic dermatitis but not in any of the controls. Thus there is a loss of circulating suppressor-cytoxic T cells in the majority of patients with active atopic dermatitis. PMID- 6980908 TI - Quality assurance. II. Application of oncology standards against a levels of care model. AB - Application of standards of practice for oncology patients against the model previously described allows the clinical dietitian to determine priorities and delineate the degree of care required and to ensure the delivery of high-quality nutritional care. During Step I, identification, questions designed to identify specific nutritional problems of the oncology patient are asked. A basic medical record review is completed. Step II, assessment phase, is completed and a level of care is assigned to each patient. Step III uses the standards to develop, implement, and evaluate a nutritional care plan. PMID- 6980909 TI - Subluxated lenses in Marfan's syndrome. PMID- 6980910 TI - Unilateral lattice dystrophy of the cornea. PMID- 6980911 TI - Pedal morbidity in rheumatic diseases: a clinical study. PMID- 6980913 TI - Membrane phenotype of the rat cytotoxic T lymphocyte. AB - We have examined rat cytotoxic T lymphocytes for expression of W3/25, OX8, Ia, Thy-1 antigens, and Fc gamma receptors using an effector cell-target cell conjugate formation assay in conjunction with immunofluorescence techniques. Lymph node, spleen, and peritoneal exudate T cells from Lewis rats immunized with allogeneic BN tumor cells specifically bound to and lysed BN tumor targets and BN blast cells, but did not bind or lyse syngeneic Lewis sarcoma cells, Lewis blast cells, or Lou/M blast cells. The numbers of binding and cytotoxic T lymphocytes were greatest in peritoneal exudate cells of immunized rats, less in spleens, and least in lymph nodes. Seventy to 80% of the lymphocytes bound to tumor targets were OX8+ T lymphocytes; less than 12% expressed W3/25, Ia, Thy-1, or Fc gamma R. Moreover, only OX8+ T cells efficiently lysed the target cells to which they were bound. The membrane phenotype of rat cytotoxic T lymphocytes was: OX8+, W3/25-, Ia-, Thy-1, and Fc gamma R-. Monoclonal OX8 antibody did not inhibit target cell binding or subsequent lysis by effector T cells, and there was no diminution of target cell binding or cytotoxic activity when the OX8 antigen was shed from the cell surface before interaction with target cells. There was no preferential association of OX8 antigen at the interface between the effector and target cell. Thus, OX8 antigen marks a subset of rat T lymphocytes that are cytotoxic but the molecule appears not to play a functional role in the cytotoxic process. PMID- 6980912 TI - Characterization of a suppressive factor produced by a human T hybridoma. AB - The mode of action and the target cell of a suppressive factor continuously and spontaneously produced by a human hybrid T cell line constructed recently are reported. This factor was shown to suppress pokeweed mitogen-induced B cell differentiation when added within the first 48 hr of culture. It does not suppress B cell differentiation induced by Nocardia extracts, a relatively T independent mitogen. The target cell for this factor seems to be a T lymphocyte in that it can be absorbed by E-rosetting cells but not by B lymphocytes or monocytes. This factor does not impair mitogen or allogeneic-induced lymphocyte proliferation and has an apparent m.w. of approximately 45,000 as estimated by Sephacryl S200 gel chromatography. PMID- 6980914 TI - Production of T cell-activating monokine of guinea pig macrophages induced by MDP and partial characterization of the monokine. AB - The production of T cell-activating factor(s) by macrophages stimulated with muramyl dipeptide (MDP) was studied. By MDP stimulation, a rapid increase in intracellular activity of the T cell-activating factor was induced, which preceded an increase of the activity in the extracellular medium. The rapid appearance of the activity in the cell and that in the medium were both inhibited by cycloheximide or puromycin. These results demonstrated that MDP stimulated rapid production of T cell-activating factors by inducing de novo synthesis of the factors, and that these newly formed factors are rapidly secreted. The activities of intracellular and extracellular secreted factors were both found in high m.w. (50,000 to 90,000) and low m.w. (10,000 to 30,000) fractions by gel filtration. The secreted high m.w. factor migrated as a single peak and did not dissociate into smaller components in SDS-PAGE analysis, indicating that the high m.w. factor is neither a complex of low m.w. factor with other proteins nor an aggregate of low m.w. factors. The properties are similar to those of our previously reported factor that helped antigenic activation of T cells for lymphokine production. PMID- 6980915 TI - Monocyte receptors for the Fc portion of IgG studies with monomeric human IgG1: normal in vitro expression of Fc gamma receptors in HLA-B8/Drw3 subjects with defective Fc gamma-mediated in vivo clearance. AB - The Fc gamma receptors of reticuloendothelial cells are presumed to play an important role in the clearance of circulating particles opsonized with IgG. In order to quantify these receptors and assess their contribution to the clearance phenomenon in man, Scatchard analysis has been applied to 125I-IgG1 myeloma protein binding by a model mononuclear phagocyte, the peripheral blood monocyte. Close compliance to the criteria for linear Scatchard plots has been obtained. The kinetics of binding at 37 degrees C were consistent with a simple, reversible, bimolecular reaction. A saturable, single class of high-affinity binding sites was discerned with a Ka of 2.61 +/- 0.13 x 10(8) M-1 and a mean of 35,500 +/- 1700 receptors per monocyte. These receptors expressed approximately equal affinities for IgG subclasses 1 and 3, with progressively lower affinities for IgG subclasses 4 and 2, respectively. Parameters of IgG1 binding to monocytes of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and normal individuals of HLA-B8/Drw3 haplotype were not significantly different from controls, despite the previous demonstration of retarded IgG-mediated clearance in one-half of such subjects. Receptor number and affinity failed to correlate with T 1/2 for sensitized erythrocyte clearance in vivo. Functional defects in in vivo clearance, even in the absence of circulating immune complexes, are not necessarily related to abnormal expression of Fc gamma receptors by phagocytes. PMID- 6980916 TI - Acquisition of immune competence by a subset of human cortical thymocytes expressing mature T cell antigens. AB - Previous studies indicated that the human thymus is composed of several discrete compartments. Cortical thymocytes are reactive with a monoclonal antibody, anti T6 (TL-like) and coexpress antigens defined by antibodies anti-T4 and anti-T8. In contrast, most medullary thymocytes are unreactive with anti-T6, express either T4 or T8 antigens, and more importantly, brightly stain with anti-T3 and anti-T1, which define mature T cell antigens. Only a minor population of cortical thymocytes strongly express T1 and T3 antigens (T1+T3+). In the present study, we characterized this latter subpopulation of brightly staining T1+ cortical thymocytes. Because murine and human cortical thymocytes alone bear receptors for peanut agglutinin (PNA), cortical PNA+ thymocytes were separated from medullary PNA- thymocytes by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and were subsequently fractionated into PNA+T1+ (strongly anti-T1-reactive) and PNA+T1- (unreactive or weakly anti-T1-reactive) populations. The PNA+T1+ cells represented only 10 to 20% of thymic cortical lymphocytes. Whereas the PNA+T1- subset was unresponsive to PHA or alloantigen even in the presence of IL 2, the PNA+T1+ subset gave a brisk response to both stimuli on addition of IL 2. This latter response was similar to that of the PNA-T1+ medullary thymocytes. These results suggest that acquisition of mature T cell antigens is associated with immunocompetence despite a cortical localization. PMID- 6980918 TI - Proliferative responses of normal human B lymphocytes. Development of an assay system for human B cell growth factor (BCGF). AB - A simple and reproducible system for inducing and measuring proliferation of normal human peripheral blood B lymphocytes was developed and employed as an assay for BCGF activity contained in supernatants of cultured human mononuclear cells. SAC was used to activate human peripheral blood B cells to develop into blasts with low levels of proliferation, and a marked synergistic effect on the proliferation of these activated B cell blasts was demonstrated when various culture-derived supernatants containing exogenous growth factors were added to the system. Substantial BCGF activity was obtained from culture supernatants of co-cultures of pooled allogeneic mononuclear cells from two donors, who were also stimulated with PHA. Kinetic studies demonstrated that maximal BCGF activity was produced in cultures carried for 72 hr or longer. A linear relationship was observed between the logarithm of dilution of added factor and incorporation of 3H-thymidine in the responding SAC-stimulated B cell blasts, suggesting the applicability of this system in screening and quantitating BCGF activity in supernatants of various sources, such as T cell clones, T cell neoplasms, and functional human T-T hybridomas. Furthermore, the system could potentially be adopted to the long-term culture of proliferating normal human B cells. PMID- 6980917 TI - Functionally different T lymphocyte subpopulations determined by their sensitivity to complement-dependent cell lysis with the monoclonal antibody 4A. AB - A human T lymphocyte antigen 4A (40,000 daltons) is defined by a monoclonal, complement- (C) fixing, hybridoma-produced antibody (moAb 4A). This antigen, which is identical to the previously reported antigen 3A 1, is expressed at quantitatively different levels on functional subsets of peripheral T lymphocytes as determined by the cell sensitivity to antibody and C. Peripheral T lymphocytes can be divided into two populations: 4A high-density T cells (4A increases), which are killed in vitro by moAb 4A + C, and 4A low-density T cells (4A decreases), which are not affected in vitro by moAb 4A + C treatment. The helper/inducer T cell lineage, defined by moAb Leu 3a, and the cytotoxic/suppressor T cell lineage, defined by moAb Leu 2A, contain both 4A increases and 4A decreases T cell populations. Functional studies by moAb 4A + C treatment show that 1) the 4A increases T cell population contains T helper cells, which are necessary for in vitro antibody production against red cell bound determinant; 2) the 4A decreases T cell population contains the precursor T cells, which proliferate in vitro in MLC, and the precursor T cells, which are necessary for the in vitro generation of the alloreactive cytotoxic T cells; and 3) the cytotoxic activity of alloreactive T cells generated in CML assay is abrogated by moAb 4A + C treatment; 4) the activation of T cells by PHA and Con A increases the quantitative expression of 4A antigen. PMID- 6980919 TI - Distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in human colostrum. AB - Lymphocytes were isolated from human colostrum and peripheral blood collected within 7 days postpartum. A 20-fold enrichment of lymphocytes from colostrum was achieved by centrifugal elutriation followed by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. The distribution of T lymphocyte subsets was determined by immunofluorescence analysis of reactivity with monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series. In confirmation of previous reports employing sheep erythrocyte rosette assays, the majority of colostral lymphocytes reacted with OKT3 monoclonal antibody, a reagent that detects a surface antigen on mature T cells. Neither colostral nor blood lymphocytes from postpartum donors expressed the OKT6 antigen that is found in immature thymocytes. A novel finding is that the T lymphocyte population in colostrum contains both OKT4 (helper/inducer phenotype) and OKT8- (cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype) positive subsets. The relative ratio of OKT4 to OKT8-positive T cell subsets in colostrum, however, is generally lower than that observed for peripheral blood T cells. PMID- 6980920 TI - Activation of murine B cell lymphomas. I. Influence of lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6980921 TI - Parasite- (antigen) specific stimulation of B and T cells in African trypanosomiasis. AB - C57BL/6J mice were immunized with irradiated Trypanosoma rhodesiense organisms. Splenic lymphocytes were subsequently obtained from immunized animals and were tested for blast transformation in vitro after exposure to soluble trypanosome antigens. Immune T lymphocytes were found to be the cells responsible for antigen mediated blastogenesis to trypanosome antigens. In addition, trypanosome antigen preparations in higher concentrations stimulated B lymphocytes obtained from normal nonimmunized animals. PMID- 6980923 TI - Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in genetically resistant rats: PVG rats resist active induction of EAE but are susceptible to and can generate EAE effector T cell lines. PMID- 6980924 TI - RIIIS/J mice lack a gene influencing the capacity to make an antibody response to helper T cell-independent antigens. AB - RIIIS/J mice lack an autosomal dominant gene(s) that has a decisive influence in determining the capacity to make an IgM antibody response to several representative helper T cell-independent antigens; these mice appear to possess functionally active helper T cells because of their ability to make a reasonably good antibody response to SRBC, a helper T cell-dependent antigen. The genetic defect involved cannot be attributed to the absence of B cells capable of giving a mitogenic response to bacterial LPS. PMID- 6980922 TI - LPS-induced differentiation of a murine B cell leukemia (BCL1): changes in surface and secreted IgM. AB - We examined the effect of LPS-induced differentiation on surface and secreted IgM in a cloned BCL1 in vitro cell line. Incubation of this cell line with LPS resulted in a decrease in the amount of membrane IgM, measured by both immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, and an increase in IgM secretion, measured by plaque-forming cells (PFC). Activation to high rate secretion was independent of cell cycle in synchronized cells and was independent of DNA synthesis because PFC formation was not inhibited by hydroxyurea. Almost all cells in the in vitro line were shown to contain large quantities of intracytoplasmic IgM before LPS activation. Thus, it would appear that the in vitro cell line represents a partially activated stage of differentiation compared to normal resting B cells or to the in vivo line of BCL1. Analysis of the two forms of mRNA coding for membrane and secreted IgM showed that, at least for cells at the level of differentiation examined here, the control of membrane IgM expression is post-transcriptional. The differentiation of resting B cells to the plasma cell level appears to consist of multiple stages of differentiation. The present data suggest that LPS provides at least two signals of activation. One induces the resting cell to synthesize cytoplasmic IgM, increase surface IgM, and to begin cell division. The second induces the secretion of intracytoplasmic IgM associated with a decrease in surface IgM. PMID- 6980927 TI - Local adoptive transfer of skin delayed-type hypersensitivity initiated by a single T lymphocyte. AB - In vivo primed T cells injected in the footpad of naive recipients elicit a typical delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in the presence of their specific antigen. The values of the footpad swelling obtained after these transfers show a clear distinction between negative and positive responses. Serial dilutions of primed T cell populations allow the establishment of titration curves by limiting dilution analysis according to Poisson distribution. The single hit titration curve indicates that a unique cell type underlies the DTH reaction. Furthermore, by using cloned T cells it can be demonstrated that the transfer of a single cell is able to initiate a DTH reaction. The revelation of T cell activity at unit level needs an optimal dose of antigen mixed with the sampled cells. PMID- 6980925 TI - Comparison of the cellular requirements for human T cell transformation by a soluble mitogen derived from Mycoplasma arthritidis and concanavalin A. PMID- 6980926 TI - Antibodies from the Lyb-5- B cell subset predominate in the secondary IgG response to phosphocholine. AB - The X-linked CBA/N immune defect was used to investigate the role of the Lyb-5- B cell subset in phosphocholine- (PC) specific memory responses. Immune-defective mice, which express only the Lyb-5- B cell subset, are unable to mount a primary or secondary T15+, IgM response to PC but can produce a substantial secondary IgG response. The majority of these IgG anti-PC antibodies are T15- and can be inhibited by phenylphosphocholine, but not PC. Normal mice, which possess Lyb-5+ and Lyb-5- B cells, produce both IgM and IgG anti-PC antibodies; however, there is a striking difference in the idiotype and fine specificity of antibodies expressed by these two classes. The IgM anti-PC antibodies are T15+ and PC inhibitable, whereas the IgG antibodies are identical to those observed in the immune-defective mice, i.e., T15- and PC-noninhibitable. This unexpected difference in both idiotype and fine specificity between IgM and IgG anti-PC antibodies results from activation of different B cell subsets. Lyb-5+ B cells produce T15+, PC-inhibitable IgM antibodies, whereas T15-, PC-noninhibitable IgG antibodies are produced by Lyb-5- B cells. These data indicate that a majority of the thymus-dependent, anti-PC IgG memory responses arises from Lyb-5- B cells. PMID- 6980928 TI - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulation of the immune response: LPS converts germfree mice to sensitivity to oral tolerance induction. PMID- 6980929 TI - Neonatal suppression with anti-Ia antibody. I. Suppression of murine B lymphocyte development. AB - To investigate the role of sIa in B lymphocyte development, mice were injected from birth with hybridoma anti-Ia antibody. There was on the average a 95% reduction in the number of sIgD+ cells, and 85% diminution in the number of sIgM+ cells, a small but significant increase in the number of sIgM+ sIgD- sla- B cells, as well as a dramatic increase in the number of sIgM- cells bearing a B lineage antigen. Exposure of cells to high doses of anti-Ia antibody in vitro or in vivo for 24 hr did not affect the number of sIg+ lymphocytes. Thus, it appears that chronic anti-Ia administration critically alters normal B lymphocyte development. PMID- 6980930 TI - IgG induction in a human B cell line by red cell-mediated microinjection of the cytoplasm from T cell factor-stimulated B cells. AB - Generation of a cytoplasmic factor(s) that induced IgG secretion in nonstimulated cells was demonstrated in TRF-stimulated cells by using red cell-mediated microinjection. Injection of the cytoplasm from a TRF-stimulated B lymphoblastoid cell line (CESS) into nonstimulated cells induced an increase of IgG-producing cells. Injection of TRF itself did not induce an increase of IgG-producing cells. Active substance(s) in the cytoplasm were generated at 2 hr after TRF stimulation, and IgG-producing cells reached their maximum level at 40 hr after injection of the factor(s). DFP, but not actinomycin D, inhibited the generation of the cytoplasmic factor(s). The activity of the cytoplasmic factor(s) was not destroyed by RNase and not absorbed with anti-IgG. These results suggested that binding of TRF with its acceptors induced the generation of the cytoplasmic factor(s) involved in the transmission of TRF-mediated signals from membrane to nuclei. PMID- 6980931 TI - Inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity by concanavalin A. AB - Several lectins were tested for the ability to interfere with the recognition or lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Of those tested, concanavalin A (Con A) had the greatest effect: at 0.25 to 10 micrograms/ml, it profoundly blocked antigen-specific lysis of target cells by cloned and uncloned CTL in various allo- and syngeneic systems. Separate pretreatment of CTL and target cells showed that the effect of Con A is exercised predominantly on CTL. Various experimental results ruled out several possible explanations for the inhibitory effect of Con A, such as: CTL-CTL self-killing by nonspecific, lectin dependent cytotoxicity, impairment of lateral mobility of CTL surface components, and cell agglutination, preventing recycling of CTL among target cells. The findings suggest that subagglutinating concentrations of Con A block CTL activity by binding to and interfering with CTL surface structures that have relatively high affinity for Con A and are critically involved in recognition or lysis of target cells. PMID- 6980932 TI - Formation of IgE-binding factors by rat T lymphocytes. V. Effect of adjuvant for the priming immunization on the nature of IgE binding factors formed by antigenic stimulation. AB - Rats were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) included in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or with the same antigen absorbed to aluminum hydroxide gel. Incubation of their spleen and MLN cells with homologous antigen resulted in the formation of IgE-binding factors. The nature of IgE-binding factors formed by antigenic stimulation was different depending on the adjuvant employed for priming and the period after immunization. If the lymphoid tissues were obtained 2 to 4 wk after antigen priming, IgE-binding factors derived from lymphoid tissues of KLH-alum-primed animals selectively potentiated the IgE response, whereas those produced by the lymphoid tissues of KLH-CFA-primed animals suppressed the IgE response. Analysis of purified IgE-binding factors from KLH primed spleen cells revealed that the factors were heterogeneous with respect to their m.w., and that IgE-binding factors of a m.w. of 13,000 were responsible for the biologic activities. Thus, the 13,000-dalton factors obtained from KLH-alum primed spleen cells selectively potentiated the IgE response, and those from KLH CFA-primed spleen cells suppressed the IgE response. The selective formation of either IgE-potentiating factors or IgE-suppressive factors by KLH-primed spleen cells was observed only when the cells were stimulated by specific antigen. When the same KLH-primed spleen cells were incubated with IgE, IgE-binding factors formed in the cultures neither potentiated nor suppressed the IgE response. It was also found that stimulation of a mixture of BCG-primed spleen cells and KLH alum-primed spleen cells with PPD resulted in the formation of IgE-suppressive factors; the stimulation of the same mixed cell suspension with KLH resulted in the formation of IgE-potentiating factors. The results collectively indicate that the nature of IgE-binding factors is decided by antigen-primed cells. PMID- 6980934 TI - Cell cycle regulation of cloned cytolytic T cells by T cell growth factor: analysis by flow microfluorometry. AB - In an attempt to better define the mode of action of TCGF we have investigated the effect of complete removal of TCGF on the cell cycle kinetics of a TCGF dependent murine CTL cloned line (B6.1). Cells that had been cultured in the presence or absence of TCGF were stained with propidium iodide, a DNA binding dye, and the distribution of DNA content was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results indicated that the proportion of cells entering the S phase of the cell cycle started to decrease 6 hr after removal of TCGF from the culture medium. This fraction continued to decrease as a function of time, and after 30 hr without TCGF 93% of the cells were in the G1 phase of the cell cycle in comparison to 38% in control cultures containing TCGF. Direct evidence that B6.1 cells completed one cell cycle after removal of TCGF before they accumulated in the G1 phase was obtained with a technique combining the use of BUdR, a thymidine analog, and the DNA binding dye Hoechst 33342. When TCGF was added again to cultures of B6.1 cells that were arrested in the G1 phase, the majority of cells entered the S phase in a synchronous fashion after a lag phase of 10 to 12 hr. The duration of this lag phase was independent of the concentration of TCGF used to restimulate quiescent B6.1 cells. However, the number of cells entering S phase 10 hr after re-addition of TCGF was concentration dependent. Additional experiments indicated that the cytolytic activity was not dependent on TCGF, since no decrease in the activity of B6.1 cells was noted after these cells had been deprived of TCGF for up to 30 hr. PMID- 6980933 TI - Formation of IgE-binding factors by rat T lymphocytes. VI. Cellular mechanisms for the formation of IgE-potentiating factor and IgE-suppressive factor by antigenic stimulation of antigen-primed spleen cells. AB - Analysis of cellular mechanisms of formation of IgE-binding factors by KLH-primed spleen cells revealed that the presentation of KLH to KLH-primed T cells by adherent cells resulted in the formation of lymphokines that in turn stimulated unprimed lymphocytes to form IgE-binding factors. Lymphokines released from KLH alum-primed spleen cells induced normal lymphocytes to form IgE-potentiating factors, whereas those released from KLH-CFA-primed spleen cells induced the formation of IgE-suppressive factors. Fractionation of the lymphokines from KLH primed spleen cells and analysis of cell sources of the lymphokines revealed that multiple factors are involved in the selective formation of one or the other IgE binding factors. Thus, KLH-alum primed splenic T cells from "inducers" of IgE binding factors and glycosylation-enhancing factors upon antigenic stimulation, and these factors in combination stimulate unprimed W 3/25+ Fc gamma R+ T cells to form IgE-potentiating factors. Antigenic stimulation of KLH-CFA-primed T cells results in the formation of the "inducers" and glycosylation-inhibiting factors, and these two lymphokines collectively stimulate unprimed W 3/25+ Fc gamma R+ T cells to form IgE-suppressive factors. Cell sources of "inducers" are W 3/25+ Fc gamma R- T cells, cells different from the source of IgE-binding factors. The glycosylation-enhancing factor is derived from W 3/25+ F gamma R+ T cells in KLH alum-primed spleen; the glycosylation-inhibiting factor is derived from OX 8+ T cells in KLH-CFA-primed spleen. Evidence was obtained that these lymphokines, which modulate the protein glycosylation of IgE-binding factors during their biosynthesis, are derived from antigen-primed T cells and determine the nature of IgE-binding factors formed. PMID- 6980935 TI - Evidence for covert cellular interaction sites expressed by activated T lymphocytes. AB - In this report we examined the effects of trypsin treatment of immune guinea pig T lymphocytes on their binding to syngeneic macrophages. Immune T cells positively selected by culture for 1 wk with antigen and treated with trypsin showed dramatic binding to macrophages in the absence of additional antigen. This binding was rapid and greatest at 1 hr after the addition of trypsin-treated T cells to macrophages. Thereafter, the bound T cells dissociated from the macrophages and did not rebind. Dissociation of macrophage-bound T cells appeared to be an active process that could be inhibited by blocking T cell protein synthesis. Macrophage binding by trypsin-treated T cells was dependent on prior in vitro stimulation; similar treatment of immune T cells taken directly from the animal did not augment binding, and treatment of T cells cultured without antigen resulted in only modest binding. In addition, the trypsin-induced binding phenomenon showed elements of genetic restrictions. Trypsin treatment of immune T cells selected by culture for 1 wk with antigen resulted in preferential binding to syngeneic macrophages. In addition, immune F1 T cells selected by culture with antigen-pulsed parental macrophages preferentially bound to macrophages of the haplotype used for selection. Evidence is presented suggesting that the trypsin induced binding was not simply due to antigen carry-over from the trypsinized lymphocytes and favoring the possibility that this binding may be antigen independent. These results suggest that antigen-activated T cells express covert interaction sites for macrophages and that these sites are actively covered-up by other membrane components. PMID- 6980936 TI - Discrepancy in expression ability of Tac antigen and Ia determinants defined by monoclonal antibodies on activated or cultured cord blood T lymphocytes. AB - T lymphocytes from cord blood and adults stimulated with mitogens and alloantigen were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies that detect Ia and Tac antigens associated with lymphocyte activation. Less than 5% of T cells freshly isolated or cultured without stimuli expressed Ia and Tac antigens assessed by the indirect immunofluorescence method. When both T cells from cord blood and adults were cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), or allogeneic cells, variable proportions of them expressed Tac antigen. The expression of Tac antigen on stimulated T cells increased in parallel with DNA synthesis, and was significantly correlated with the proliferative response of stimulated T cells. In contrast to Tac antigen, the expression of Ia antigens appeared to show some time lag behind the proliferative response. Although expression of Ia antigens was too weak to assess in PHA- or Con A-stimulated cultures, adult T cells were stimulated by PWM or allogeneic cells to express strongly Ia antigens in culture. However, the percentage of Ia+ cells in cord blood T cells stimulated with PWM or allogeneic cells was markedly lower as compared with that of adults. In addition, cord blood T cells grown in the presence of T cell growth factor showed the same degree of Tac antigen as adult ones did, whereas their expression of Ia antigens was negligible as compared with adult controls. These observations suggested that T cells in cord blood might be deficient by nature in their ability to express Ia antigens on activation. The inability to develop Ia+ T cells seemed to be characteristic of functional immaturity of T cells in early human ontogeny. PMID- 6980937 TI - Two monoclonal anti-human T lymphocyte antibodies have similar biologic effects and recognize the same cell surface antigen. AB - Two independently produced monoclonal antibodies, UCHT1, an IgG1 antibody, and OKT3, an IgG2 antibody, which specifically identify all human peripheral T lymphocytes, were shown to possess similar functional properties. Both were highly mitogenic to peripheral blood T lymphocytes, and UCHT1 blocked specific T lymphocyte killing of autologous B lymphoblasts when present during either the induction or the cytotoxic phase of the reaction; this, too, is a property reported for OKT3 in an analogous situation. Both antibodies also inhibited the 6 day proliferative response to soluble antigens and mixed lymphocyte culture, although this may be attributable to their strong mitogenicity earlier in culture. These properties were not found with other monoclonal antibodies directed against human T lymphocytes, and suggested that UCHT1 and OKT3 recognize important functional structure(s) on the T cell surface. The identity of the antigen recognized by these two antibodies was demonstrated by 2-directional co capping, by cold antibody inhibition of binding of radiolabeled antibody, and by immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional gel analysis of labeled T cell surface proteins. Both UCHT1 and OKT3 bound with similar affinities (Ka approximately 2 X 10(9) M-1) to the same number of binding sites (2.8 X 10(4) sites/activated T cell), and both precipitated the same glycoprotein complex with a m.w. of approximately 19,000 in the presence of reducing agent. PMID- 6980938 TI - A biochemical variant of human T cell growth factor produced by a cutaneous T cell lymphoma cell line. AB - Three cell lines of mature T cell origin established from patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma-leukemia (CTCL) have been found to be constitutive producers of TCGF (L-TCGF). Biologically active L-TCGF can also be eluted from the plasma membranes of these cells. We have compared the biologic and biochemical properties of L-TCGF and TCGF derived from normal lymphocytes (N-TCGF). L-TCGF and N-TCGF share similar biologic activity: both support long-term growth of T cells that have undergone prior lectin or antigen stimulation, and have no effect on unstimulated T cells. However, L-TCGF is a more acidic (pI 4.5 vs 6.5 to 8.0) molecule than N-TCGF and elutes from DEAE-Sepharose at higher salt concentration (0.2 M NaCl vs 0.07 to 0.1 M NaCl). In addition, these two factors display differing mobilities on gel filtration. Treatment of L-TCGF with neuraminidase or alkaline phosphatase does not alter its pI, indicating that enzymatically vulnerable sialic acid or phosphate groups are not involved in the variation. The nature and significance of this biochemical variant remain unknown. PMID- 6980939 TI - Structural and functional studies in C1q deficiency. AB - The sera of two brothers were found totally lacking hemolytic C activity. One of them, a 16-yr-old male, presented a severe lupus-like syndrome, whereas the other was apparently healthy. Immunochemical quantitation of C components in both sera showed depressed levels of C1q, whereas the levels of C1r, C1s, and C1 inhibitor were elevated. C4, C3, C5, factor B, and beta 1H levels were in the normal range. Hemolytic C1 activity was totally lacking. C4 titers were elevated (150% of normal). C2 hemolytic activity was about one-third of normal, and the titers of the terminal components C3-C9 were also reduced in the two siblings. Double immunodiffusion against anti-C1q antiserum showed a partial loss of C1q antigenic determinants in the two siblings. Furthermore, the C1q of both siblings was unable to interact with immunoglobulins or to associate with C1r and C1s. Addition of purified human C1q to the sera restored their total C and C1 hemolytic activity. The dose response to the C1q addition was linear, indicating that the functional deficiency was not due to the presence of a serum inhibitor. Although antigenically deficient in comparison with normal C1q, the abnormal C1q appeared to have a larger m.w., as determined by gel chromatography. Investigation of other members of this family suggests a genetically linked disorder, because four out of six siblings had the same dysfunctional C1q in their serum. PMID- 6980940 TI - Evidence for genetic control of microwave-induced augmentation of complement receptor-bearing B lymphocytes. AB - The genetic control of 2450 MHz microwave-induced increase in complement receptor bearing B lymphocytes (CRL) was studied using congenic, backcross, and recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice. Mice were exposed to 2450 MHz microwaves (0.6 W; 10-14 W/kg) in an environmentally controlled waveguide and were assayed for CRL on days 3 or 6 post-exposure. Genetic studies of responder X nonresponder F1 mice and backcross analysis of nonresponder X (responder X nonresponder) F1 mice indicated that microwave susceptibility was controlled by a single, dominant Mendelian gene. Crosses between two nonresponder strains failed to restore the responder state. The dichotomy in microwave susceptibility between two strains congenic at the H-2--T1a region on chromosome 17 (AKR-responder and B.6-H-2k nonresponder) indicated the noninvolvement of the Crl-1 gene and that the essential gene was located outside the H-2 region. This was confirmed by the responsiveness of the C3H-H-2o strain, which possesses a nonresponder H-2 haplotype and responder background genes. The strain distribution of microwave responsiveness in the BXH RI lines demonstrated that the microwave-induced increase in CRL was controlled by a single regulatory gene located on chromosome 5. We also analyzed the microwave responsiveness of two congenic strains of mice that possess different C3H/HeJ segments of chromosome 5 inserted into a C57BL/6J background. The JGBF/LeTy strain exhibited an increase in CRL indicating it possessed the segment of C3H/HeJ chromosome 5 that controls microwave responsiveness. The C57BL/6JTy-le strain remained nonresponsive. This places the essential regulatory gene to the right of the PgM-1 locus and to the left of the rd locus on chromosome 5. PMID- 6980941 TI - Regulation of T15 idiotype dominance. I. Mice expressing the xid immune defect provide normal help to T15+ B cell precursors. AB - The immune response to phosphocholine (PC) in many strains of mice is dominated by the T15 idiotype family of anti-PC antibodies. By introducing the CBA/N X linked immune defect (xid gene) into these mice, one profoundly alters their ability to make a T15-predominant, IgM anti-PC response. This loss of T15 dominance in mice expressing the xid gene is not due to the presence of suppressor T cells or the lack of T15 idiotype-specific helper cells in these mice. Thus, one can reconstitute a T15 idiotype-dominant response in immune defective mice with B cells from normal mice, and in adoptive transfer assays the primed T helper cells from immune-defective mice provide qualitatively the same help to normal B cells as the T helper cells from normal mice. T15 idiotype dominance appears to be controlled by the expression and activation of Lyb-5+ PC specific B cells. Thus, the majority of T15+ B cell precursors are restricted to this B cell subset, whereas the Lyb-5- B cell subset contains predominantly T15-, anti-PC B cell precursors, which produce mainly IgG antibodies after activation by PC-containing antigens. PMID- 6980943 TI - Idiotypes of anti-Ia antibodies. II. Effects of in vivo treatment with xenogeneic anti-idiotype. AB - The effects of in vivo treatment with xenogeneic anti-idiotypic antibodies were examined in an anti-Ia idiotypic system. Monoclonal antibody 14-4-4S, specific for Ia.7, has been shown to bear idiotopes that are expressed at readily detectable levels in conventional alloantibody responses. Sera from mice treated with purified anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) were found to contain inhibitory activity in an ELISA specific for the 14-4-4S Id, whereas sera from control mice treated with heterologous normal Ig did not. In addition, sera of anti-Id-treated C3H.SW mice contained specific anti-I-E activity, shown by binding to B10.A(2R) but not B10.A(4R) LPS blasts in flow microfluorometry. The anti-I-E induced by anti-Id included more IgG1 than IgG2. Even though a significant amount of anti-I-E activity was present in the serum, absorption analysis showed that most of the idiotope-positive antibody was not I-Ek specific. Penetrance of induction of anti-I-E by anti-Id was 100% in the C3H.SW mice tested, and activity persisted in the serum for at least 8 to 9 mo in some cases. B10 mice produced only marginal anti-I-E activity after treatment, suggesting that induction is due to specific triggering rather than due entirely to a resemblance of anti-Id to the I-E antigen. The results thus indicate long lasting alterations in an anti-Ia idiotypic system in the absence of exposure to conventional antigen, and represent specific manipulation of anti-Ia immunity. PMID- 6980942 TI - Analysis of recombinant inbred lines derived from "autoimmune" (NZB) and "high leukemia" (C58) strains: independent multigenic systems control B cell hyperactivity, retrovirus expression, and autoimmunity. AB - The relationship of B cell hyperactivity and retrovirus expression to other autoimmune traits were examined in recombinant inbred (N X 8 RI) lines derived from NZB and C58 progenitor strains. Although both NZB and C58 mice expressed high levels of xenotropic virus, the RI lines segregated in virologic phenotype, as high or low expressors of the endogenous virus. The expression of the C58 derived ecotropic virus occurred in only one-half of the RI lines, and its expression in the remaining lines of mice appeared to be suppressed by the NZB derived allele at the Fv-1 locus. The inheritance of B lymphocyte abnormalities of the NZB progenitor strain was investigated by studying spontaneous and SRBC induced production of IgM by the spleen cells of the RI lines. These two phenotypes of B cell hyperactivity were found to be determined by independently segregating genes and they were not linked to immunoglobulin structural gene loci. The strain distribution patterns of virus expression and B cell hyperactivity in the RI lines did not match with each other or with the inheritance patterns of other immunologic abnormalities, such as defective AMLR and production of autoantibodies. PMID- 6980944 TI - Immunologic memory to phosphorylcholine III. IgM includes a fine specificity population distinct from TEPC 15. AB - Group I and group II variable regions expressed in the PC-KLH memory response may originate from distinct germ-line genes or group II may arise by somatic mutation of group I (TEPC 15) germ-line genes. A current version of the somatic mutation hypothesis proposes that somatic mutation is activated by the class switch from IgM to IgG or IgA. If group II results from somatic mutation during class switching, group II IgM antibodies would not exist. This prediction was tested in the present experiments. Group I and group II antibodies were separated from whole serum by affinity chromatography on PC-Sepharose. An ELISA was used to characterize the fine specificity and idiotype of the isolated antibody populations. Group I antibodies were inhibited by both PC and NPPC haptens and were T15 idiotype-positive. Group II antibodies were inhibited appreciably only by NPPC and were negative for the T15 idiotype. The purified group II antibodies contained a significant IgM component, and high levels of group II IgM were detected during the early secondary response to PC-KLH. These observations are inconsistent with the hypothesis that group II originates by somatic mutation activated by the class switch. These results strongly suggest that one or more of the germ-line genes (V, D, or J) of groups I and II are different. Alternatively, if group II antibodies arise from group I by somatic mutation, this mutation must occur before class switching. PMID- 6980945 TI - The role of T cell differentiation markers in antigen-specific and lectin dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by T8+ and T4+ human cytotoxic T cell clones directed at class I and class II MHC antigens. PMID- 6980946 TI - Identification of T cell subsets and B lymphocytes in mouse brain experimental allergic encephalitis lesions. AB - Tissue section immunoperoxidase staining, employing monoclonal antibodies specific for T cell antigens (Lyt-1, Lyt-2) and B cells (B220), was used to study the brains of mice with experimental allergic encephalitis. Cells bearing phenotypes characteristic of both helper (Lyt-1+2-) and cytotoxic/suppressor (or precursor) (Lyt-2+) T cells, as well as B cells, are present in the perivascular cuffs in brains of EAE mice during active disease and the recovery phase. Lyt-1+ cells comprise 49% of the inflammatory cell population, and Lyt-2+ and B220+ cells are found at frequencies of 10% and 12%, respectively. PMID- 6980947 TI - Enhanced resistance to Nocardia brasiliensis infection in mice depleted of antigen-specific B cells. AB - This study deals with the roles of T and B cells in Nocardia brasiliensis infection in mice. Nocardia injected into the animals' footpads caused inflammatory responses and mycetomas in situ, resulting in granulomatous lesions of subcutaneous tissues and eventual bone destruction. These clinical features resemble those of humans infected with Nocardia. The effect, if any, of antibody was studied by passively transferring anti-Nocardia serum into either immunologically normal or T-deficient infected mice. Such transfers had no protective function in either group. To the contrary, the antibody seemed to favor infection and worsen bone disease compared to that in mice not given antibody. Furthermore, passive transfer of the antibody along with injection of Nocardia coated with the antibody magnified the severity of subsequent symptoms. Although these experiments ruled out any role for antibody in protection from Nocardia, they did not directly prove T cell participation in such resistance. Therefore, the role of T cells during Nocardia infection was examined further by transferring spleen cells depleted of B lymphocytes bearing receptors for a Nocardia extract (NE). Lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with a population depleted of NE-specific B cells totally lacked the ability to form antibodies to NE; however, they mounted effective delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and completely controlled their Nocardia infection, establishing the importance of cell-mediated immunity in halting this disease process. PMID- 6980948 TI - Characterization of HNK-1+ (Leu-7) human lymphocytes. I. Two distinct phenotypes of human NK cells with different cytotoxic capability. AB - Human lymphocytes with NK and K cell activities can be identified by the HNK-1 (Leu-7) monoclonal antibody. In these experiments, subsets of HNK-1+ cells from blood and bone marrow were distinguished by their expression of other cell surface antigens, their morphology, and their NK functional capability. Two-color immunofluorescence analysis revealed that subpopulations of HNK-1+ cells in blood expressed antigens found on mature T cells (e.g., T1, T3, T4, T8), but none expressed antigens characteristic of immature T cells (T6, T9). The majority of HNK-1+ cells (greater than 60%) also expressed a myeloid antigen (M1), whereas a minority (less than 25%) expressed HLA-DR. HNK-1+ cells were separated into T3- and T3+ subsets with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter and analyzed for their morphology and NK cell function. HNK+T3- cells exhibited a high level of NK activity against K562 target cells and contained many cytoplasmic granules. On the other hand, HNK+T3+ cells had low NK activity and a paucity of cytoplasmic granules. The cell sizes of HNK+T3- and HNK+T3+ cells were indistinguishable by light-scatter analysis. When these cell fractions were analyzed further, a reciprocal relationship between T3 and M1 antigen expression was observed. These results thus delineate two distinct subsets of human HNK-1+ cells in blood with different cytotoxic capability: HNK+T3-M1+ and HNK+T3+M1- cells. Analysis of bone marrow cells demonstrated that only 0.7% of the nucleated cells expressed the HNK 1 antigen; virtually all of these cells expressed both the T3 and T8 antigens but lacked the M1 antigen. Thus, a majority of HNK-1+ cell population in blood were T3-M1+, whereas almost all bone marrow HNK-1+ cells were T3+M1-. We propose that these subsets of cells represent different stages in NK cells differentiation. PMID- 6980949 TI - Depressed T cell proliferative responses in Hodgkin's disease: role of monocyte mediated suppression via prostaglandins and hydrogen peroxide. AB - We studied the contribution and mechanisms of monocyte-mediated suppression in the depressed T cell proliferative responses observed in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Mononuclear leukocytes from 22 untreated patients had significantly lower proliferation after stimulation with suboptimal doses of phytohemagglutinin than normals controls (p less than 0.001). When indomethacin was added to the cultures, the mean percent increase in patient proliferation exceeded that of normals (160 +/- 19% vs 81 +/- 9%; p less than 0.008), yet patient proliferation remained only 36% of normal. Catalase alone caused a minimal increase in proliferation in all cultures. When catalase plus indomethacin were added to either normal or patient cultures, however, a synergistic increase was observed. The mean percent increase in patient proliferation was 300 +/- 80%, although once again the absolute proliferative response of the patients remained subnormal (p less than 0.003). Removal of adherent monocytes from patient cultures produced increases in proliferation comparable to that observed with the addition of indomethacin. Long-term disease-free survivors of Hodgkin's disease had depressed T cell proliferation but no significant increase after the addition of indomethacin. We conclude: 1) although untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease have increased monocyte suppressor activity that is mediated by increased prostaglandin production, this is not the major cause of the depressed T cell proliferative responses observed in Hodgkin's disease; 2) depressed proliferative responses in cured Hodgkin's disease are not mediated by prostaglandins; 3) hydrogen peroxide suppresses T cell proliferation in both normals and untreated patients; and 4) other factors, probably inherent in the T cell itself, are the major cause of depressed T cell responses in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6980950 TI - Detection of guinea pig T mu and T gamma cells by a double rosette assay. AB - By a rosette assay with ox red blood cells (ORBC) sensitised with rabbit IgM and IgG antibodies (EA mu and EA gamma), receptors for IgM (Fc mu-R) and IgG (Fc gamma-R) on the surface of guinea pig lymphocytes in the different lymphoid organs were demonstrated. A double rosette assay with rabbit erythrocytes (RRBC) and EA mu or EA gamma for detection of T cells with Fc mu-R (T mu) or Fc gamma-R (T gamma) was also developed. Fc mu-R was detected on 40.1%, 48.7%, 35.0% and less than 1% of peripheral blood, lymph node, spleen and thymus cells respectively. By a double rosette assay with RRBC and EA mu, approximately 30% of peripheral blood, lymph node and spleen T cells were identified as T mu cells. T gamma cells as revealed by a double rosette of RRBC and EA gamma were found to be 3% and 5% respectively of peripheral blood and lymph node T cells, whereas much higher numbers of T cells in the spleen (32.7) were identified as T gamma cells. This double rosette assay of T mu and T gamma cells in the peripheral blood of guinea pigs which had received prednisolone showed that the proportion of T mu cells decreased early after drug administration and that T gamma cells increased in number. Thus the methods provide a useful means of detecting T mu and T gamma cells in guinea pigs. This assay system for T mu and T gamma cells in guinea pigs should be useful for studies of their variation or functional significance in the immune response. PMID- 6980951 TI - Positive and negative selection of cells by hapten-modified antibodies. AB - A method for simultaneous positive and negative selection of cells identified by an antibody is described. It is an adaption of the panning technique using anti benzene arsonate (Ars)-coated Petri dishes to select the Ars-antibody-coated cells. The adherent cell population is recovered in a suitable state by hapten elution with Ars-azo-tyrosine. PMID- 6980952 TI - Isolation of human and rat natural killer cells. AB - We describe a method for the purification of human and rat large granular lymphocytes (LGL), which are known to be the mediators of natural killer (NK) activity in these species. Plastic non-adherent and nylon wool passed blood mononuclear cells were separated into 7 fractions by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation on Percoll. Low density cells were highly enriched in LGL (up to 85% purity), whereas high density cells were typical small and medium sized lymphocytes devoid of NK activity. Human LGL could further be enriched by depleting high affinity sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming cells from the LGL enriched Percoll fractions (resulting in up to greater than 90% purity). One critical variable in the separation technique was osmolarity, since the separation did not work optimally, if 290 mOsmoles/kg H2O in the Percoll solution was exceeded. PMID- 6980953 TI - Staphylococcus aureus cowan I and Branhamella catarrhalis as B lymphocyte mitogens. Culture conditions for optimal DNA synthesis and selective stimulation of human B lymphocytes. AB - Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and Branhamella catarrhalis that selectively stimulate human B lymphocytes to increased DNA synthesis in serum-free culture media were shown to do so also in 3 day cultures in medium containing human serum or albumin. After this time the transformed cells expressed little or no surface bound immunoglobulin and did not form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. When lymphocytes were cultured with bacterial mitogens in the presence of serum or albumin for more than 3 days transformed T cells appeared. The bacteria induced antibody production mainly of IgM class in lymphocytes cultured in albumin supplemented medium. PMID- 6980954 TI - Experimental photoallergic contact dermatitis: a mouse model. AB - We have induced photoallergic contact dermatitis in mice to 3,3',4',5 tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA), chlorpromazine and 6-methylcoumarin. These compounds are known to produce photoallergic contact dermatitis in humans. The photoallergic contact dermatitis reaction in the mouse is immunologically specific viz. mice photosensitized to TCSA react, by photochallenge, to that compound and not to chlorpromazine, and conversely. The reaction requires UVA at both sensitization and challenge. It appears to be T-cell mediated in that it can be passively transferred to syngeneic mice by lymph node cells from actively sensitized mice, the histology of the reactions resembles that of classic allergic contact dermatitis in mice, challenge reactions are seen at 24 but not at 4 hr, and photoallergic contact dermatitis can be induced in B-cell deficient mice. The availability of a mouse model for the study of photo-ACD will facilitate the identification of pertinent control mechanisms and may aid in the management of the disease. It is likely that a bioassay for photoallergens of humans can be based on this mouse model. PMID- 6980955 TI - Changes in the proteins of wool following treatment of sheep with epidermal growth factor. AB - Administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) extracted from mouse submaxillary gland to Merino sheep resulted in a temporary inhibition of the activity of the wool follicles. Subsequently, either complete discontinuities appeared in the fibers resulting in shedding of the entire fleece, or incomplete, in which case the fleece was retained but bore a zone of weakness. The protein composition of the first sample of wool harvested from 1 sheep following infusion for 66 hr with 27.5 mg EGF (0-2 weeks posttreatment) was similar to pretreatment wool. This represented wool fibers which were already present in the follicles at the beginning of infusion. Thereafter, the composition of the wool changed progressively, reaching a maximum divergence from the control in the 3-4 week regrowth period followed by a return to normal by about 10 weeks. Over this period the content of high-sulfur proteins first rose from an initial 19% to a maximum of 30%, then returned to 19%, while the high-tyrosine protein content initially decreased from 12% to 5% and then slowly increased to 12%. In addition to changes in overall protein composition, two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed alterations in the proportions of some individual protein components. These changes were similar to those observed with many other wool growth inhibitors. Smaller doses of EGF (5.8 and 2.9 mg but not 1 mg) had similar effects on wool composition but these were of lower magnitude and there was a delay in reaching a maximum response. Even after 16-18 weeks the wool from these treated sheep differed slightly in composition from the pretreatment samples. PMID- 6980957 TI - Protection from infection with Haemophilus influenzae type b by monoclonal antibody to the capsule. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b were produced by fusing splenic lymphocytes from immunized C57BL/6 mice with the mouse myeloma line P3 X63-Ag8.653. The antibody produced by one hybridoma (5M1H9) bound the capsular polysaccharide, as determined by a radiolabeled antigen-binding assay. The antibody was of the IgM class and was bactericidal in vitro with complement. The protective and therapeutic capacity of antibody 5M1H9 was examined in the infant rat model of H. influenzae type b disease. Antibody (0.1 ml), either undiluted or diluted 1:2, 1:10, or 1:100, administered 4 hr before intraperitoneal injection of 10(4)-10(5) H. influenzae type b organisms protected 100%, 90%,. 55% and 10% of the animals, respectively. To determine the efficacy of antibody 5M1H9 in treating established infection, antibody was given at 24-hr intervals after intraperitoneal injection of bacteria. Delayed administration of antibody 5M1H9 was effective in reducing both the level and incidence of bacteremia. PMID- 6980959 TI - Increase of thymus-derived cells after restimulation wih measles virus. PMID- 6980958 TI - Zinc sensitivity of Trichomonas vaginalis: in vitro studies and clinical implications. AB - The high zinc concentration (2.3-15.3 mM) in human prostatic secretions may be an important defense of the male lower urinary tract against infection by Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomonads were rapidly killed by zinc salts at concentrations similar to those in prostatic fluid of normal men. There was some variation in the zinc sensitivity of 15 clinical isolates of T. vaginalis (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.8-6.4 mM). A time-kill technique showed subtle differences in the kinetics of zinc killing of trichomonad strains. It was possible to select relatively zinc-resistant substrains of T. vaginalis from a zinc-sensitive population. Zinc resistance was a stable characteristic after multiple passages of substrains in growth medium without supplemental zinc. Variations in the zinc sensitivity of infecting T. vaginalis strains or in the zinc content of host prostatic secretions may be significant determinants of the natural history of T. vaginalis infection in men. PMID- 6980956 TI - Relationship between naturally occurring human mucosal and serum antibody to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - The prevalence of natural mucosal antibody to the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitolphosphate [PRP]) of Haemophilus influenzae type b in adults at multiple secretory sites and the relationship between natural serum and mucosal antibodies with respect to their amount and fine binding specificity were examined. All of 16 lactating women had antibody to PRP in serum and mammary samples; 11 of 14 studied had nasal antibody and 12 of 14 had salivary antibody. The amount of serum antibody to PRP in an individual positively correlated with the amount of mucosal antibody at each of the three secretory sites examined, and the antibody amount between certain secretions were also positively correlated. Antibody to PRP that is cross-reactive with Escherichia coli K100 or Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6 capsular polysaccharides was detected in the secretions of seven and one subjects, respectively, but the amount was not correlated with serum cross-reactive antibody. PMID- 6980961 TI - [Warnings on some frequently used medicine and some medicine known to cause adverse effects in oral cavity]. PMID- 6980962 TI - A practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea--1982. PMID- 6980963 TI - Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of mouse epidermal growth factor associated with the inhibition of food consumption and of wool growth in Merino wethers. AB - Twenty-four adult Merino wethers were given mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) subcutaneously at doses ranging from 0.02 to 0.12 mg/kg body weight or intravenously in the dose range 0.10 to 0.14 mg/kg body weight for periods ranging from 3 to 48 h. Plasma concentrations of mEGF were measured by radioimmunoassay and effects of treatment on food consumption and wool growth were observed. Plasma concentrations of the protein sustained for 15-24 h at about 20 ng mEGF/ml (or exceeding this) almost invariably caused feed rejection and casting of the fleeces. This last result clearly indicated disruption of proliferative activity among the replicating cells in wool follicles which regulate wool growth. The inhibitory effects on appetite and wool growth of smaller doses of the protein and of plasma concentrations equal to those above which were sustained for shorter periods have also been examined. Approximately 10% of the dose of mEGF appeared in the urine of three sheep 1 to 3 days after the start of s.c. infusions of 5 mg for 7 h. PMID- 6980964 TI - Biophysics of underwater hearing in anuran amphibians. AB - A standing wave tube apparatus was used to determine the biophysical basis of underwater hearing sensitivity in 3 species of Rana and in Xenopus laevis. A speaker inside the base of a vertical, water-filled 3 m steel pipe produced standing waves. Pressure and particle motion were measured with a hydrophone and geophone respectively and were spatially 90 degrees out of phase along the length of the tube. Microphonic responses were recorded from the inner ear of frogs lowered through pressure and particle motion maxima and minima. The air-filled lungs of whole frogs produced distortions of the sound field. Preparations of heads with only an air-filled middle ear produced little distortion and showed clear pressure tracking at sound intensities 10-20 dB above hearing thresholds from 200-3000 Hz. Filling the middle ear with water decreased or abolished microphonic responses. Severing the stapes reduced responses except at certain frequencies below about 1000 Hz which varied with body size and likely represent resonant frequencies of the middle ear cavity. We conclude that the frog species examined respond to underwater sound pressure from about 200-3000 Hz with the middle ear cavity responsible for pressure transduction. PMID- 6980960 TI - [Assessment of myocardial blood flow after aortocoronary bypass surgery by exercise thallium-201 perfusion scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980965 TI - Induction of neonatal tolerance to H-2k in B6 mice does not allow the emergence of T cells specific for H-2k plus vaccinia virus. AB - Thymocytes and spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) neonatally tolerized to H-2k alloantigens do not generate an anti-vaccinia response restricted to H-2Kk when adoptively transferred to appropriate irradiated hosts. This is in sharp contrast to the case for negatively selected C57BL/6 spleen cells acutely depleted of alloreactivity. No evidence for suppression was found in cell mixture experiments. We have shown elsewhere that our neonatally tolerized animals have a centrally induced delection-type tolerance in the absence of obvious suppression.2 We now suggest that in the neonatally tolerized mouse, chronic, central delection of anti-H-2k clones during early T cell ontogeny eliminates the major source of cells able to give rise, via somatic mutation and expansion, to anti-H-2Kk + vaccinia specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) in the adult. A similar mechanism may operate in the (k + b) leads to b chimera; however, the presence of H-2kxb accessory and presenting cells may permit the eventual generation (via cross-stimulation) of an H-2k-restricted vaccinia specific repertoire. This would account for our observation of such "aberrant recognition" CTL-P emerging in the spleens of older (k x b) leads to b chimeras. PMID- 6980966 TI - Lymphocyte abnormality associated with HLA-B8 in healthy young adults. AB - We have reported that abnormal lymphocyte function in Sjogren's syndrome occurs almost exclusively in patients with HLA-B8. We now report that most clinically normal individuals with this antigen have a similar impairment of cellular immunity. This finding suggests that the lymphocyte abnormality in Sjogren's syndrome is not secondary to the disease process or medication and might have primary etiological significance. The lymphocyte abnormality is expressed as a decreased proliferative response to suboptimally stimulating concentrations of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). In contrast, the response to optimally stimulating concentrations of PHA and Con A is unaffected. The imparied mitogen responsiveness appears to be intrinsic to the T lymphocytes, as it can be demonstrated in purified T cell preparations. PMID- 6980969 TI - Comparison of 180 degrees and 360 degrees data collection in thallium-20 1 imaging using single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT): concise communication. AB - Thallium-201 imaging using SPECT is being done with 180 degrees (RAO to LPO) data collection in some centers with single-gamma camera systems. Using our SPECT system with two gamma cameras, we have compared the effects of 180 degrees data collection without attenuation correction against 360 degrees collection with attenuation correction, using phantoms and patients. With a heart phantom in a chest phantom, TI-201 activities simulating "normal myocardium," "ischemia," "infarction," and "background" were placed in object contrast ratios (with respect to background) of 5.0, 2.0, and -1.0, respectively. The 180 degrees data gave image contrast ratios of 1.6, 0.2, and -0.8, and the 260 degrees data gave ratios of 1.5, 0.8, and -0.3, respectively. Uniform activity throughout the heart gave similar image contrast with both data-collection methods, but there was more variability with the 180 degrees collection than with 360 degrees collection. Since attenuation correction is available with the 260 degrees collection, the effects of attenuation are seen only on the 180 degrees collection images. In eight patients the image contrasts from the 180 degrees and 260 degrees collections are similar. For our two-camera SPECT system, the 360 degrees collection permits attenuation correction, has less variability in counting statistics, and gives contrast ratios like those of 180 degrees collection. PMID- 6980968 TI - Anatomy and physiology of experimentally produced striped tecta. AB - Transplantation of a third eye primordium to the forebrain region of a frog (Rana pipiens) embryo causes two retinal projections to converge on a single tectal lobe. These projections form stereotyped eye-specific termination bands (Constantine-Paton, M., and M. I. Law (1978) Science 202: 639-641) that are similar to the source-specific stripes found normally in many regions of the mammalian brain. In the present study, we use quantitative analyses of anatomical data and double labeling techniques to demonstrate that induced bands of three eyed frogs are approximately 200 micrometers wide, that they invariably run in a rostrolateral to caudomedial direction, and that they represent interdigitating synaptic zones which fill the entire superficial neuropil of the dually innervated tectal lobe. This periodic segregation pattern is not seen in the superinnervated diencephalon or in the optic tracts. Morphometric measurements on animals with dually innervated tectal lobes revealed an approximate 30% hyperplasia that was restricted largely to the deeper predominantly cellular tectal layers. Each of the banded retinal projections occupied neuropil volumes that were roughly 50% smaller than the volume occupied by the noncompeting retina of the same animal. Eye-specific segregation was detected with extracellular recording techniques as an ability of one of the two eyes to elicit consistently more and larger action potentials throughout a radial penetration of the superficial tectal neuropil. In several preparations, electrolytic lesions confirmed that physiologically defined positions of eye dominance corresponded to a band from the same eye. Maps of the visual field projections within dually innervated tecta were relatively normal and their orientation was consistent with the initial embryonic orientation of the retinas. Eye laterality, time of arrival, or fasciculation during growth are not responsible for this induced banding. Instead, our results are attributed to two mechanisms that are probably fundamental to neural mapping. These are: differential affinities between retinal and tecta loci which normally align the projection by bringing together appropriate pre- and postsynaptic areas and interactions among retinal ganglion cell fibers. The latter causes axons from physically neighboring retinal ganglion cell bodies to terminate together within the tectum and consequently increases the internal order of map. We propose that these same two mapping mechanisms may be responsible for the afferent segregation found in diverse regions of many vertebrate brains. PMID- 6980967 TI - Effect of cross-bridge kinetics on apparent Ca2+ sensitivity. AB - Three different ways of shifting the pCa/tension curve on the pCa axis have been studied and related to changes in the rate constants of the cross-bridge cycle. The curve midpoint shifts to higher pCa's when the substrate (Mg-ATP) is reduced from 5 to 0.25 mM, when the phosphate concentration is reduced from 7.5 mM to 0, and when the ionic strength is reduced from 0.200 to 0.120. The Hill coefficients of the pCa/tension curve in our standard saline (5 mM substrate, 5 mM free ATP, 7.5 mM phosphate, ionic strength 0.200, 15 degree C) are between 5.1 and 5.6 and fall to 3.0 with the left shift of the curve brought about by reducing both substrate and phosphate. Left shifts of the curve produced by reduction in the ionic strength do not result ina lower Hill coefficient. Reducing eigher substrate or phosphate is associated with a reduction in the optimal frequency for oscillatory work, but reduction in ionic strength is not so associated. Maximum tension increases with the left shift of the curve brought about by reducing phosphate concentration or ionic strength, but tension decreases with the left shift of the curve accompanying substrate concentration reduction in phosphate-free saline. We argue that one mechanism for the observed shift of the curve along the pCa axis is the relationship between the time a cross-bridge takes to complete a cycle and the time Ca2+ stays bound to troponin C (TnC). If the cycle rate is decreased, a smaller fraction to TnC sites must be occupied to keep a given fraction of cross-bridges active. To illustrate this concept, we present a simplified model of the cross-bridge cycle incorporating the kinetics of Ca binding to TnC. PMID- 6980970 TI - Comparative study of thallium emission myocardial tomography with 180 degrees and 360 degrees data collection. AB - Basic and clinical evaluation of thallium single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using a rotating gamma camera with 180 degrees (LPO to RAO) data collection was carried out and compared with the full 360 degrees rotation. No attenuation correction was used. In a phantom study the reconstructed image from the 180 degrees scan revealed better resolution. Although the 180 degrees scan, when compared with the 360 degrees scan, showed great photon attenuation in the deep location of a line source in water, this problem was not significant in the clinical study of six normal hearts. In 11 cases with myocardial infarction, the perfusion defect was more clearly visualized in the 180 degrees scan. The defect-to-normal (D/N) wall-count ratio was lower in the 180 degrees scan (0.48 +/- 0.16; mean +/- s.d.) than in the 360 degrees scan (0.61 +/- 15, p less than 0.05), indicating superior lesion contrast in the former. These results suggest that for myocardial SPECT the 180 degrees collection method is a more effective technique in the clinical evaluation of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6980971 TI - Evaluation of myocardial metabolism, with N-13- and C-11-labeled amino acids and positron computed tomography. AB - To evaluate the utility of labeled L-amino acids (AA) for imaging regional myocardial AA metabolism by positron computed tomography (PCT), the myocardial uptake and clearance of Ala,* Glu, Gln, Asp, Leu tagged with N-13, and of C-11 tagged Asp, and oxaloacetate (Oxal), were examined in 44 experiments at control, during ischemia, and after transaminase inhibition. The myocardial time-activity curves recorded after intracoronary tracer injection had two clearance phases (an early and a late) for all N-13 AA, and three (early, intermediate, late) for the two C-11 compounds, with significantly different clearance half-times of 18.7 +/- 8.0 (s.d.) sec for the early phase, 141.7 +/- 56.5 sec for the intermediate, and 61.2 +/- 43.5 min for the late phase. The residual fractions ranged from 0.07 to 0.23 in normal myocardium, and consistently increased with ischemia by 0.01-0.07 for N-13-labeled Ala, Glu, Asp, and Leu, but not for N-13 Gln and C-11 compounds. Transaminase inhibition shortened the half-times of the late phases of N-13 labeled Ala, Glu, Asp, and Leu; had no effect on t1/2 of N-13 Gln and C-11 Oxal; and resulted in a loss of C-11 CO2 production and of the intermediate phase for C 11 Asp. On the PCT images, N-13 activity from labeled Ala and Glu was not decreased in an ischemic segment despite a significant flow reduction, as demonstrated by N-13 NH3 imaging and labeled microspheres. From the results, a three-compartment tracer kinetic model is proposed for the noninvasive quantification of Krebscycle activity, protein synthesis, and metabolic derangements related to ischemia. PMID- 6980972 TI - Quantitative multi-detector emission computerized tomography using iterative attenuation compensation. AB - An iterative procedure to correct for attenuation has been developed for a multidetector, single-photon emission tomographic scanner. The difference between measured and estimated data projections is used at each iteration to form an error image which is used, in turn, to correct the image. A damping factor that minimizes chi2 is applied after each iteration to speed convergence. Several phantoms of different size, with various concentration distributions, have been used to compare this method with a first-order multiplicative attenuation correction used previously with this scanner. The first-order correction is inadequate for most of the phantoms studied, whereas relative and absolute quantitative capability is demonstrated for the iterative attenuation correction. The reconstructed average number of counts per pixel is a linear function of activity concentration up to 5 muCi/ml for all regions of uniform activity whose size is greater than or equal to 5 cm. The importance of using an accurate attenuation distribution with this method is demonstrated with a torso-like phantom. PMID- 6980973 TI - Planar imaging of positron-emitting radionuclides with a multicrystal camera. AB - A multicrystal gamma camera has been evaluated for the imaging of 511-keV photons resulting from positron emission. With minor instrument modifications, images of a phantom demonstrating good resolution are obtained. Satisfactory planar images are obtained in animals using fluorine-18 or rubidium-82. These findings establish the feasibility of planar imaging of positron emitters in a clinical setting, and may make possible the more rapid development assessment, and dissemination of positron-emitting radionuclides, thus promoting utilization of tomographic positron imaging techniques. PMID- 6980974 TI - 180 degrees compared with 360 degrees sampling in SPECT. PMID- 6980975 TI - An investigation of a double-tracer technique for positron computerized tomography. AB - We describe a double-tracer technique for positron computed tomography (PCT) that utilizes the differences in physical decay rates to distinguish between two positron emitters. The technique is applied to PCT studies on phantoms (a) to separate two tracers with different half-lives, and (b) to measure simultaneously the attenuation coefficients and the tracer concentrations in a phantom. Results from these experiments are encouraging, but they also reveal a major limitation of the technique, namely, noise enhancement that is related to the relative half lives of the two tracers and the time duration of the PCT scans, as well as to the relative concentrations of the two tracers. If these parameters are carefully selected, the double-tracer technique will have high potential for examining simultaneously two different biological processes with PCT and for measuring tracer concentrations and attenuation correction factors at the same time. PMID- 6980976 TI - A new collimator for cardiac tomography: the quadrant slant-hole collimator. AB - A quadrant slant-hole (QSH) collimator was constructed for myocardial perfusion tomography on a 15-inch large-field gamma camera. This system optimizes the crystal area for multiple-view photon detection while at the same time offering excellent tomographic performance. In addition to the advantages associated with parallel slant-hole collimation, this system's four orthogonal views provide a solution to the problem of patient positioning, namely, proper alignment of the long axis of the left ventricle to the camera. Rapid data acquisition, together with fast reconstruction, make the QSH system a practical approach to tomographic imaging of the myocardium. PMID- 6980979 TI - Decreased erythrocyte deformability in the anemia of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 6980977 TI - Hematologic parameters as predictors of oral involvement in the presentation of acute leukemia. PMID- 6980978 TI - The use of the fibrin adhesion system for local hemostasis in oral surgery. AB - In 144 patients with bleeding disorders and in 11 patients with normal coagulation, 517 wound sealings were performed using the fibrin adhesion system (FAS) with the primary object of local hemostasis. Excellent results were obtained in patients with bleeding disorders caused by impaired thrombocyte function or anticoagulant therapy. Replacement therapy or the withdrawal of anticoagulant medication was thereby avoided. Ultimate hemostasis in patients with hemophilia was achieved by fibrin sealing in combination with low-dose replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates. Though the risk of hepatitis transmission cannot be completely ruled out, the advantages, such as excellent tissue tolerance, complete resorption, and a wide spectrum of practical uses, speak in favor of the use of this physiologic tissue adhesive. PMID- 6980980 TI - Primary Hemophilus influenzae lung abscesses with bronchial obstruction. AB - A primary lung abscess due to non type B Hemophilus influenzae was diagnosed in three children who failed to improve after prolonged antibiotic treatment for dense, pneumonic infiltrates. In each instance percutaneous aspiration yielded pure cultures of Hemophilus influenzae, one of which was ampicillin resistant. Because of bronchial obstruction, operative drainage was necessary to effect cure in each case. Hemophilus influenzae has not previously been recognized as a cause of primary pulmonary abscess in childhood. PMID- 6980981 TI - Management of Hemophilus influenza pericarditis. AB - Hemophilus influenza is the causative organism in only 7%-11% of the cases of pyogenic pericarditis in children. A total of 36 cases have been reported in the literature since 1942. This report analyzes those cases, adds four more (ages 8 mo, 4 yr, 5 yr, and 7 yr), and recommends a plan of management. The diagnosis is suspected in a child with an acute febrile illness of less than seven days' duration who has an enlarged heart shadow on chest x-ray. Most patients have major associated conditions such as pneumonia or meningitis. The echocardiogram is the best modality for establishing the diagnosis. The characteristic feature of the disease is the thick fibropurulent pericardial fluid produced. This cannot be adequately managed with pericardiocentesis or tube peridcardiostomy. Complete anterior pericardiectomy is required to achieve adequate drainage. This must be combined with maximal doses of ampicillin and chloramphenicol. The overall mortality has been 20%, however, when aggressive surgical and medical therapy is used, the mortality rate is reduced to 7.4%. All of our patients treated in this manner survived. PMID- 6980982 TI - Action of caffeine in excitation-contraction coupling of frog skeletal muscle fibres. AB - 1. Frog sartorius muscle bathed in 1 mM-caffeine generates brief asynchronous contraction of individual sarcomeres, 'sarcomeric oscillations', and propagated contractile waves. 2. Analysis of cinematographic records shows that during sarcomeric oscillations the sarcomere length decreases and the distribution of sarcomere lengths is wider than in controls. 3. Caffeine can produce sarcomeric oscillations in K depolarized muscle fibres and, to a limited extent, in glycerol treated muscle fibres. 4. Treatment of muscle with dantrolene sodium blocks production of sarcomeric oscillations by caffeine. 5. In caffeine-treated muscle fibres, electrically produced depolarization could initiate or increase the frequency of sarcomeric oscillations, and electrical hyperpolarization diminishes the frequency or stops sarcomeric oscillations. 6. Caffeine solution bathing a muscle undergoing sarcomeric oscillations (the perfusate), when applied to a fresh muscle, initiates sarcomeric oscillations with a relatively short latency. 7. An U.V.-absorbance peak at 245 nm develops in the caffeine solution bathing a muscle undergoing sarcomeric oscillations. 8. It was found that a contraction regulating substance (oscillogen) is released from a muscle undergoing sarcomeric oscillations. From results of selective dialysis and gel permeation chromatography, the molecular weight of the oscillogen is estimated to be between 700-1000 daltons. 9. It is proposed that the oscillogen is a normally occurring substance which functions in excitation-contraction coupling at the T-tubule terminal cistern junction in skeletal muscle. PMID- 6980983 TI - Somatic motor axons can innervate autonomic neurones in the frog heart. AB - 1. The effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on the heart rate in frogs were tested after hearts were reinnervated with a somatic motor nerve. When frogs were vagotomized and hypoglossal axons were redirected to the heart for 8 or more weeks, stimulating the redirected hypoglossus nerve produced a parasympathetic-like inhibition of the heart. Stimulating sympathetic rami of the anastomosed hypoglossus nerve produced cardiac acceleration.2. Individual parasympathetic neurones received synaptic input from hypoglossal terminals. The excitatory post-synaptic potentials evoked by hypoglossal stimulation were much smaller than those evoked by vagal stimulation in control or vagal-reinnervated ganglia. However, hypoglossal axons innervated most (71%) of the ganglion cells and this level of innervation persisted for at least 60 weeks.3. Hypoglossal axons formed networks of varicose terminals within cardiac ganglia and established axo-axonic synapses with parasympathetic neurones. Hypoglossal terminals did not reinnervate the neuronal perikarya, in contrast to vagal axons in control or vagal-reinnervated ganglia.4. Axo-axonic synapses from redirected hypoglossal axons were identified in cardiac ganglia by bathing isolated hearts in horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and stimulating the redirected nerve. Electron micrographs showed that axo-axonic synapses contained HRP-labelled presynaptic vesicles.5. The source of foreign innervation in experimental cardiac ganglia was confirmed to be hypoglossal motoneurones (a), by comparing the conduction velocity of the redirected presynaptic axons (1.32 m/sec) with regenerating vagal preganglionic fibres (< 0.3 m/sec), and (b), by retrograde HRP-labelling of large motoneurones in the hypoglossal nucleus after applying peroxidase to the axons which had grown into the heart. PMID- 6980985 TI - [Characteristics of the unitary end-plate potential of the frog (author's transl)]. AB - When the transmitter release is reduced in physiological solutions with low calcium and high magnesium content (70% of transmission failure), most of the end plate potentials are evoked by the release of one quantum. Observing a short sequence of the unitary potentials (10-30), one can see that they distribute into a few patterns of similar amplitude, latency and time to peak. The amplitude and latency frequency distributions show successions of peaks frequently set at regular intervals. The average number of peaks is 11 for the amplitude distribution and 14.5 for the latency distributions. Lowering the temperature (20 10 degrees C) lengthens the interval between the latency peaks (Q10 = 2). These observations suggest the existence of a limited number of releasing sites set at regular intervals (10-20 micrometers) along the branches of the nerve terminal. This hypothesis is discussed with regard to the well-known interpretation of the amplitude sub-units of the unitary response and the sub-miniature potentials. The time-distribution of the unitary-evoked potentials of identical latency is frequently periodic (about 60 s at 4 HZ of frequency stimulation). Slightly different frequencies can be observed at different latency values. Through our interpretation of the sub-units, these facts mean that the few active zones follow a periodic process which can explain the periodic oscillation already shown for the total activity of the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 6980984 TI - Competitive elimination of foreign motor innervation on autonomic neurones in the frog heart. AB - 1. Somatic motoneurones are capable of forming functional synapses when redirected to vagotomized autonomic neurones in the frog heart. We tested if regenerating vagus nerves could reinnervate ganglion cells in the presence of foreign hypoglossal innervation and, furthermore, whether hypoglossal innervation persisted when vagal axons regenerated to the heart. 2. Simulating the redirected hypoglossus nerve produced a parasympathetic-like cardiac inhibition in the absence of vagal regeneration. However, when the vagus nerve was allowed to regenerate to the heart, vagal cardio-inhibition was restored and hypoglossal inhibition disappeared. 3. Intracellular recordings showed that 71% of the cardiac ganglion cells were innervated by hypoglossal axons before vagal regeneration, but that this value fell to less than 9% over a period of 40 weeks during vagal regeneration. 4. If the vagus nerve was prevented from regenerating to the heart, hypoglossal innervation did not decline, indicating that elimination of the foreign motor innervation was dependent upon vagal reinnervation. 5. Although hypoglossal terminals formed synapses only on the axons of parasympathetic ganglion cells, regenerating vagal fibres re-established synaptic contact both on axons as well as on neuronal perikarya. 6. The data indicate that in the frog parasympathetic cardiac ganglion, extensive synaptic remodelling can take place during reinnervation and that previously established, inappropriate inputs can be functionally eliminated by regeneration of the native nerve supply. PMID- 6980986 TI - The distal splenorenal shunt in the management of bleeding varices. PMID- 6980987 TI - Preparation of the alpha and beta anomers of 9-(3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-pent-4 enofuranosyl)adenine and their activity with leukemia L1210 cells in vitro. AB - A previously reported preparation of 9-(3,5-dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-pent-4 enofuranosyl)adenine (5) was not correct. A new synthesis of 5 is described. 3,5 Dideoxy-5-iodo-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranose (1) and 3,5 dideoxy-5-iodo-1,2-O-isopropylidene-beta-L-threo-pentofuranose (6) were prepared as starting materials. The isopropylidene groups were exchanged for acetyl groups by acetolysis, and the resulting diacetates (2 and 7) were isopropylidene groups were coupled with 6-(benzamidochloromercuri)purine by the titanium tetrachloride method. The blocked nucleosides (3 and 8) were separated from unreacted sugars by chromatography and were treated with 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, followed by removal of the blocking groups. The alpha and beta anomers of 9-(3,5 dideoxy-D-glycero-pent-4-enofuranosyl)adenine (4 and 5, respectively) were obtained from 3 in the ratio of 3:1. Condensation of 7 with the base gave the beta-nucleoside 5 in a higher yield; no 4 was detected. When 8 was treated with sodium benzoate in hot DMF and the blocking groups were removed, 9-(5-methyl-2 furyl)adenine (9) and 9-(3-deoxy-alpha-benzoate in hot DMF and the blocking groups were removed, 9-(5-methyl-2-furyl)adenine (9) and 9-(3-deoxy-alpha-L-threo pentofuranosyl)adenine (10) were the products. It was demonstrated that sodium benzoate was solely responsible for formation of the 5-methyl-2-furyl ring and that the first step was formation of the 4',5'-olefin. PMID- 6980988 TI - Circulating immune complexes involving autoantibodies in chronic active hepatitis. AB - The mere presence of circulating immune complexes has been extensively reported in inflammatory liver diseases. In the present study, immune complexes were determined in 6 patients with HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. If present they were characterized concerning size and possible autoantibody-specificity. In four of these patients, zonal profiles differed markedly from normal controls and high molecular weight IgG-reactive substances with specificity against nuclear, smooth muscle and liver membrane antigens were demonstrated. Two patients were investigated repeatedly during one year of prednisone therapy and complex levels and size decreased along with clinical and biochemical improvement. Also in four positive controls with active SLE, complexes of up to 38 S containing antinuclear antibodies were detected. In contrast to patients with chronic hepatitis, SLE patients all had normal levels of serum gammaglobulin. It was concluded that immune complexes, present in liver disease without systemic organ-involvement and containing autoantibodies, might possibly reflect the normal immune clearance. PMID- 6980991 TI - Memo on medications: atropine sulfate and homatropine hydrobromide: common mydriatic/cycloplegic agents. PMID- 6980990 TI - Two-compartment behavior during transport of folate compounds in L1210 cell plasma membrane vesicles. AB - The transport of [3H] 1,L 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, [3H] folic acid, and [3H]methotrexate by L1210 cell plasma membrane vesicles exhibited multicompartmental behavior. Two separate vesicular compartments (parallel relationship) of approximately equal volume were revealed during measurements of influx and efflux. Flux in one compartment was rapid, saturable, highly temperature-sensitive, and inhibited by pCMBS. Flux in the other compartment exhibited all of the characteristics of passive diffusion. These results imply that our plasma membrane vesicle preparations consist of a mixture of two functional species. Transport of folate into one of these species occurs by passive diffusion alone, whereas transport into the other kind of vesicle occurs by both passive diffusion and carrier-facilitated transport. PMID- 6980992 TI - Major abdominal vascular trauma--a unified approach. AB - Advances in prehospital emergency care have increased the numbers of patients arriving at the hospital with immediate life-threatening trauma. This is a review of our recent 6-year experience with 161 major abdominal vascular injuries in 123 patients. The distribution by injury site and respective mortality were: 18, aortic (56%); 39, aortic branch (37%); 51, inferior vena cava (39%); 30, inferior vena cava branch (45%); and 23, portal venous system (39%). The overall death rate was 37%. Forty-six patients presented with unobtainable blood pressure and 19 (41%) survived. Left thoracotomy and temporary aortic occlusion were required in the resuscitation of 45 patients; when applied in the emergency department the salvage rate was 7%, and in the operating room, 35%. Forty-four patients had more than one major vascular injury and 17 (39% recovered, compared to a survival rate of 76% with single vascular trauma. Others have emphasized that most deaths from major abdominal vascular injury are a result of hemorrhage. In our study although 89% of mortality was due to bleeding, half occurred after control of the major bleeding sites. These findings suggest that coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acidosis are complicating factors which demand as much attention by the surgeon as the initial resuscitation and operative control classically emphasized. PMID- 6980993 TI - About teaching otoneurology. PMID- 6980989 TI - Potassium transport across the frog retinal pigment epithelium. AB - Previous experiments indicate that the apical membrane of the frog retinal pigment epithelium contains electrogenic Na:K pumps. In the present experiments net potassium and rubidium transport across the epithelium was measured as a function of extracellular potassium (rubidium) concentration, [K]0 ( [Rb]0). The net rate of retina-to-choroid 42K(86Rb) transport increased monotonically as [K]0 ( [Rb]0) increased from approximately 0.2 to 5 mM on both sides of the tissue or on the apical (neural retinal) side of the tissue. No further increase was observed when [K]0 ( [Rb]0) was elevated to 10 mM. Net sodium transport was also stimulated by elevating [K]0. The net K transport was completely inhibited by 10 4 M ouabain in the solution bathing the apical membrane. Ouabain inhibited the unidirectional K flux in the direction of net flux but had no effect on the back flux in the choroid-to-retina direction. The magnitude of the ouabain-inhibitable 42K(86Rb) flux increased with [K]0 ( [Rb]0). These results show that the apical membrane Na:K pumps play an important role in the net active transport of potassium (rubidium) across the epithelium. The [K]0 changes that modulate potassium transport coincide with the light-induced [K]0 changes that occur in the extracellular space separating the photoreceptors and the apical membrane of the pigment epithelium. PMID- 6980994 TI - Re: comparison of cinoxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 6980997 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cause(s) still elusive. PMID- 6980996 TI - Identification of an inherited form of Peyronie's disease with autosomal dominant inheritance and association with Dupuytren's contracture and histocompatibility B7 cross-reacting antigens. AB - Peyronie's disease is an inflammatory disorder with no confirmed etiology. We have documented the familial transmission of the disease as an autosomal dominant trait in 3 pedigrees. The occurrence of Dupuytren's contracture in 7 of 9 (78 per cent) affected individuals, which is a significant increase over the average 0 per cent reported in sporadic cases, suggests that both of these fibrosing disorders are pleiotropic effects of the same gene in these families. Similarly, the histocompatibility B7 cross-reacting antigens were present in 90 per cent of the patients with Peyronie's disease. Additional studies, including careful family histories and histocompatibility antigen typing, are necessary to elucidate the role of histocompatibility antigens as a relative risk factor. PMID- 6980995 TI - Effect of media and growth promoters on in vitro cultivation of normal murine urinary bladder epithelium. AB - Growth potential of normal murine epithelium was investigated by means of 3 culture media: RPMI 1640 with fetal calf serum, Dulbecco's with fetal calf serum and McCoy's with horse serum. The effect of 3 growth promoters was tested separately with each of the 3 media. A total of 886 explants were cultured from 29 murine bladders and epithelial outgrowth was obtained in 35.2 per cent. The growth medium 1640 with 20 per cent fetal calf serum and epithelial growth factor produced the most abundant outgrowth of explants. McCoy's medium containing 15 per cent horse serum produced significantly lower outgrowth compared to the medium containing fetal calf serum (p less than 0.001). Epidermal growth factor has a stimulating effect and horse serum has an inhibitory effect on growth of normal murine epithelial cells. PMID- 6980998 TI - [A case of adult T cell leukemia with marked hypogammaglobulinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981001 TI - [The fine structure of mast cells: an ultrastructural study of difference between urticaria pigmentosa (Unna type & Rona type) and normal skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981000 TI - [The influence of surfactants on the skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981002 TI - [A study on anti-T cell sera, with special reference to its preparation and specificity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6980999 TI - [Comparative study of multiplanar imaging and tomographic imaging of the myocardium with Tl-201 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981004 TI - [Age-related changes of connective tissue in hairless mice. Macroscopical as well as light- and electron microscopical studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981003 TI - [Four cases of Sjogren's syndrome having erythematous cutaneous manifestations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981007 TI - [Superoxide dismutase in the epidermis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981008 TI - [Differences in amyloid in localized and systemic amyloidosis by the DACM stainings (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981005 TI - [A case of typical mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium ulcerans-like organism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981006 TI - [DNA . anti-DNA complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus sera--their detection by Raji cell assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981009 TI - [Immunopathologic study of vitiligo (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981010 TI - [A case report of kerion celsi and ultrastructure of Trichophyton glabrum in vivo and in vivo (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981011 TI - [Comparison of the in vitro antifungal activities of clotrimazole, miconazole, Econazole and exalamide against clinical isolates of dermatophytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981012 TI - [Purification of the cholestatic factor produced from activated guinea pig lymphocytes by means of isoelectric focussing electrophoresis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981013 TI - [Accumulation pattern of ischemic brain lesions ith 18 FDG and 13NH3: positron CT imaging of a case with multiple cerebral infarctions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981014 TI - The early receptor potential in the human eye. III. ERP in dichromats. AB - The human early receptor potential (ERP) was studied in 42 dichromats, 13 cases of protanopia and 29 cases of deuteranopia, and the results were compared with those in 28 normal subjects. The amplitudes of the R2 wave of the ERP in the protanopia as well as the deuteranopia cases were significantly smaller than that of the normal subjects. The sensitivity of the R2 wave of the ERP in the dichromats was higher than that of the normal subjects. Possibilities are discussed that dichromats have fewer cones or that they have lower pigment density in individual cones than normal subjects. PMID- 6981015 TI - A new stapling technique in esophageal mucosal transection. AB - Transabdominal esophageal mucosal transection for control of bleeding esophageal varices has been used in our clinic since 1972. The most difficult part in this procedure is the reanastomosis of the transected mucosal tube. To facilitate this procedure, end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) stapling instrument has been in use since July, 1980. Thirteen patients have so far undergone this procedure and there have been no complications. The technique of anastomosis of the mucosal tube is described herein. PMID- 6981016 TI - Myocardial protection by lidocaine hydrochloride in aorto-coronary bypass surgery. AB - Myocardial protective effect of lidocaine hydrochloride on the ischemic myocardium was evaluated by serum (MB-CK) and cardiac function in 48 patients; 24 patients in control (C) and 24 patients in lidocaine-treated group (L), who underwent aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Lidocaine hydrochloride, 1 mg/min was administered by continuous drip infusion from initiation of anesthesia, and throughout the operation and postoperative period for 24 hours. There were no significant differences between two groups with regard to duration of cardioplegia and cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermic level and the number of grafts implanted. Serum MB-CK at 18-24 hours following cardioplegia was 39.5 +/- 15.2 I.U. (C) and 14.2 +/- 4.0 I.U. (L), (p less than 0.05). Cardiac index and stroke volume index were significantly increased in the lidocaine-treated group at 24 hours following aorto-coronary bypass surgery, as compared to the control group. Lidocaine thus appears to be beneficial in aorto-coronary bypass surgery to prevent ischemic changes in the myocardium. PMID- 6981017 TI - [The result of coronary artery surgery over 60-year-old patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981018 TI - Pathology of experimental atherosclerosis: arterial lesions of chronic phase in rats loaded with vitamin D2 and cholesterol. PMID- 6981019 TI - alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor production by human adenocarcinomas xenotransplanted into nude mice. AB - Human colon adenocarcinomas xenotransplanted into BALB/c nude mice were examined for the ectopic synthesis of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor(s) (alpha 1Pi). Tumor extracts were prepared by homogenization followed by molecular sieve chromatography on Sepharose 4B. Fractions with immunoreactive alpha 1Pi were concentrated and adsorbed onto a concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B affinity column, then eluted, concentrated, and analyzed. All 4 colon tumors examined produced alpha 1Pi with full antigenic identity to normal human plasma alpha 1Pi. Electrophoretic mobilities of 3 of the tumor-derived alpha 1Pi were different from the electrophoretic mobility of the normal human plasma alpha 1Pi. Activities of the inhibitors were determined by the reaction of each tumor extract with pancreatic elastase (PE) followed by immunoelectrophoresis of the reaction mixture against both anti-human alpha 1Pi and anti-PE antisera. Two of the tumor-derived alpha 1Pi examined were active in inhibiting PE. PMID- 6981021 TI - Immunomodulation of the lymphoresponsive phases of carcinogenesis: mechanisms of natural immunity. AB - Biphasic modulation of the frequency of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced tumors in relation to increasing immunocompetence of tumor-bearing mice is indicative of lymphoresponsive stimulatory and inhibitory phases of carcinogenesis; components and mechanisms contributing to the paradoxical ability of the native or natural immune system to stimulate as well as to inhibit the development of cancer were identified with the use of an in vitro model of carcinogenesis. Normal NIH/N Syrian golden hamster spleen leukocytes caused a biphasic modulation of UV irradiated hamster cell morphologic transformation that was dependent on the leukocyte-to-target cell (L:TC) ratio. Whereas low (less than 50:1) and high (greater than 200:1) L:TC ratios inhibited the transformation frequency, intermediate ratios were less inhibitory and seemingly immunostimulatory. Inhibition alone occurred with antigen- or mitogen-activated leukocytes or with macrophages. An anticarcinogenic lymphocyte hormone, lymphotoxin, eliminated the leukocyte-mediated stimulatory phase; galactose, a lymphotoxin inhibitor, blocked the leukocyte-mediated inhibitory phases. Thus immunoinhibition was mediated through lymphotoxin, and the apparent immunostimulation possibly resulted from immune cell regulation of lymphotoxin activity during the early stages of carcinogenesis. PMID- 6981020 TI - Modulation of cell-mediated alloimmunity by BCG. I. Antagonism and potentiation of immunosuppression caused by cytarabine. AB - The ability of iv administered BCG to antagonize immunosuppression caused by injection of the antimetabolite cytarabine (beta-cytosine arabinoside; ara-C) was investigated in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with BCG 10 days before alloimmunization with killed L1210 tumor cells decreased spleen T-cell-mediated cytolysis against allogeneic P815Y tumor cells, as measured by a short-term 51Cr release assay, and potentiated immunosuppression due to ara-C. In contrast, spleen cell-mediated immunity (CMI) that was assayed by a 48-hour microcytotoxicity assay (MCA) was augmented by systemic BCG administered before alloimmunization. Pretreatment with BCG resulted in a complete and long-lasting protection against the immunosuppressive effects of ara-C on this CMI as measured by the MCA. Treatment with BCG after cytoreductive therapy resulted in a significant, although transient, reversal of immunosuppression. Depending on the type of response and thus the type of effector cell measured, BCG acts as a moderate immunosuppressive agent or a strong immunopotentiator of CMI. PMID- 6981022 TI - Lymphotoxin prevention of diethylnitrosamine carcinogenesis in vivo. AB - Development of intervention measures to control cancer would be facilitated by being able to monitor in vivo carcinogenesis by in vitro quantitation of early indices of neoplastic transformation to assess the in vivo effectiveness of preventive-therapeutic measures. Pregnant Syrian golden hamsters were used in an in vivo-in vitro transplacental model of carcinogenesis to determine the extent that in vivo administration of immunologic hormone preparations along with chemical carcinogen would prevent morphologic transformation assessed in vitro. Pregnant hamsters at 10-11 days of gestation were given injections ip of 3 mg diethylnitrosamine (DENA)/100 g body weight and were killed 2 days later when fetal cells were seeded for colony formation. The frequency of morphologically transformed colonies was assessed after 7 days of growth. Cloning efficiency and mean transformation frequency after DENA exposure were 3.6% and 1 X 10(-4) per cell seeded, respectively. The ip injection of an immunologic hormone preparation reduced the transformation frequency by 46%. The hormone preparation, containing 10,000 U of lymphotoxin but no detectable interferon, was the ultrafiltered lymphokines (greater than 10,000 mol wt) from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated hamster peritoneal leukocytes. The effect of lymphotoxin on cocarcinogenic exposure of fetal cells to DENA in vivo followed by X-irradiation in vitro was also determined. Cells exposed to 250 rad in vitro had a cloning efficiency of 0.5% and a transformation frequency of 0.4 X 10(-4) per cell seeded. After DENA injection and X-irradiation, the transformation frequency increased to 1 X 10(-4) and was inhibited 64% by lymphotoxin in vivo. Thus immunologic hormones (e.g., lymphotoxin) can prevent carcinogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro quantitation of transformation is a rapid means for evaluating therapeutic and autochthonous effector mechanisms for their ability to prevent or otherwise modulate carcinogenesis in vivo. PMID- 6981023 TI - Development of glomerular lesions in experimental long-term diabetes in the rat. AB - Exact parameters for relevant glomerular structures in the course of streptozotocin diabetes in rats with 1 to 18 months' duration were obtained with stereological methods. Renal cortical tissue from diabetic (D) and control animals (C) was processed for light- and electron microscopy and measurements were performed on systematically sampled glomeruli. The thickness of the basement membrane (BM) increased with age in both groups, but the rate of increase was 50% higher in D: 19 +/- 1.2 nm/month (mean +/- SD) vs. 13 +/- 0.9 nm/month, P = 0.0003. The time course of other structural quantities was characterized by the acute changes constituting the glomerular hypertrophy, earlier shown to develop within the first few days of diabetes. All these changes were confirmed in the present study: In the earliest phase the diabetic rats showed an increased total volume of glomeruli, mesangium, and mesangial BM material, as well as an increased surface of the capillary walls. However, none of these differences between the groups showed progression with increasing duration. Mesangial changes corresponding to those of the glomerulopathy in long-term diabetes were not demonstrable within the experimental period. The streptozotocin diabetic rat, therefore, is not useful as a model of advanced diabetic glomerulopathy. But the BM thickness follows the same predictable time course as in human diabetes insofar as moderately advanced cases are concerned. BM thickness is the parameter of choice when a potential effect of different variables on the development of diabetic glomerulopathy is under study. PMID- 6981024 TI - [Small intestine tumors in emergency surgery]. PMID- 6981025 TI - [Benign stomach tumors as the cause of hemorrhage from the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 6981028 TI - [Changes in the indices of blast transformation reactions of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the level of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids, serotonin and histamine in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6981027 TI - [Corneal Endothelial changes after insertion of iridocapsular (Two-loop) lenses (author's transl)]. AB - The corneal endothelial damage in extracapsular extraction and insertion of a two loop lens (Binkhorst) using the deep chamber technique was investigated by specular microscopy. The endothelial cell loss in 25 patients was 15%. During a mean postoperative period of 15 months a further endothelial cell loss of 5% occurred. The effect of a direct contact between an intraocular lens and the corneal endothelium is demonstrated by a case of luxation of a two-loop lens into the anterior chamber. PMID- 6981029 TI - [Work experience of a polyclinic center for the rehabilitation of arterial hypertension patients]. PMID- 6981026 TI - [Profuse internal hemorrhage as a complication of leiomyoma]. PMID- 6981032 TI - 11th annual UCLA symposia. Abstracts: B and T cell tumors: biological and clinical aspects. PMID- 6981030 TI - Effect of thyroidectomy on the rat adrenal cortex enzyme activities involved in corticosterone and aldosterone biosynthesis. AB - The effect of thyroidectomy on corticosterone and aldosterone biosynthesis, in rat adrenal cortex, were investigated in vitro. Thyroidectomy slowed down by about 30% the activity of microsomal 21 hydroxylase and mitochondrial 11 beta hydroxylase, the two stages leading to corticosterone formation from progesterone. The plasma corticosterone concentration also diminished in thyroidectomized rat. The mitochondrial enzyme system catalyzing the conversion of corticosterone into aldosterone included both 18 hydroxylase and 180H dehydrogenase. In the absence of thyroid hormone, values of both enzyme activity slowed down by about 30%. Thus thyroidectomy induced a general decrease in all mitochondrial hydroxylation processes requiring NNADPH as energetic cofactor. Mitochondrial NADPH was mainly synthesized by the activity of NADP+ malic enzyme and pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase; the activity of both enzymes was determined in submitochondrial particles from adrenal cortex of normal and thyroidectomized rats. The activity of NADP+ malic enzyme and non energy dependent transhydrogenase in the direction of NADPH formation dropped significantly after thyroidectomy, thus reducing the amount of NADPH available for hydroxylating mechanisms. The results should be compared to the large rise in th cytosolic malic enzyme level caused by thyroidectomy. The latter also ensured that the transhydrogenase reaction did not vary in the direction of NADP+ formation. Further, the drop in NADPH synthesis after thyroidectomy was coupled with a decrease in phosphorylation rate of added ADPH by adrenal cortex mitochondria of thyroidectomized rat. These findings might account for the general decline in the energy-dependent processes involved in steroidogenesis, a decline mainly due to the lowering of the H+ ions gradient driving ATP and NADPH synthesis through electron transfer. PMID- 6981031 TI - Testicular in vitro conversion of progesterone to testosterone and androstenedione in 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Incubations of [3H]-progesterone with testicular tissue obtained from a new case of male with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency were performed. The per cent conversion to androstenedione and testosterone was virtually absent when compared to that obtained from an identical incubation performed using testicular tissue from a normal male with cryptochordism. The findings provide an in vitro evidence in support of the existence of 17 alpha-hydroxylase testicular defect in this disorder. PMID- 6981033 TI - Association of sex, physical size, and operative mortality after coronary artery bypass in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). AB - The Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS) is a large multi institutional study of the medical and surgical treatment of coronary artery disease. Fifteen cooperative institutions have carried out isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on 6,258 men and 1,153 women during the period August, 1975, through May, 1980. The operative mortality in men was 1.9%, while the operative mortality for women undergoing CABG in the same institutions during the same time period was 4.5%. In an effort to explain this result, we used multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with increased mortality in women after CABG. The hypothesis that smaller physical size might be contributing to increased mortality was considered. Basic clinical and angiographic variables, size variables, including the average diameter of the grafted vessels, and gender were examined separately for patients who underwent elective and urgent and emergency procedures. Using multivariate information theory, we found that the most information regarding survival after operation is contained in basic clinical and angiographic variables. The physical size of the patient, including coronary artery diameter, helps predict operative mortality even after adjusting for differences in risk predicted by the basic variables and gender. However, the patient's sex is not statistically significantly related to the risk of surgical death given the information available from clinical and angiographic variables and from knowledge of patient size. One possible explanation of the excess risk for coronary artery operations in women is the smaller stature and the smaller diameter of the coronary arteries in this group of patients. PMID- 6981034 TI - Urgent myocardial revascularization for dissection of the left main coronary artery: a complication of coronary angiography. AB - Acute subintimal dissection of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) is a rare but devastating complication of selective coronary angiography. The compromise of the coronary blood flow to an extensive area of myocardium becomes clinically evident in most patients shortly after the injury. Three patients who had catheter induced LMCA dissection were successfully managed with aorta-coronary artery bypass. We recommend that urgent myocardial revascularization using standard techniques should be carried out in all patients following this injury. PMID- 6981037 TI - Left thoracotomy for reoperation for coronary revascularization. PMID- 6981035 TI - Survival of autotransfused red blood cells recovered from the surgical field during cardiovascular operations. AB - The survival of autologous red blood cells (RBCs) collected during operation from the surgical field and processed immediately by the Haemonetics Cell Saver was compared to the survival of autologous nonprocessed RBCs obtained by venipuncture in nine patients undergoing reconstructive vascular operations and four patients undergoing coronary artery bypass. A double isotope technique (Cr-51 and In-111) was used to determine the survival of the different cell populations. Seven patients undergoing coronary artery bypass served as controls to characterize the isotopes by labeling the same population of RBCs with each radionuclide. Comparison of the data in all groups failed to show any significant difference in either the immediate or long-term survival between autotransfused (Cell Saver- processed) blood and nonprocessed RBCs. This study indicates that shed blood collected and processed at operation with the Haemonetics Cell Saver can be autotransfused and that the in vivo survival of these cells is not significantly different from the survival of nonprocessed blood. PMID- 6981038 TI - [A trial in nursing based on the POS method--in a case of a diabetic abscess of the gluteal region associated with decubitus ulcer]. PMID- 6981040 TI - [Chemical, immunological and biological properties of Haemophilus influenzae endotoxin]. PMID- 6981039 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis IV: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents use in treatment. PMID- 6981036 TI - Right atrial tamponade complicating cardiac operation: clinical, hemodynamic, and scintigraphic correlates. AB - Persistent bleeding into the pericardial space in the early hours after cardiac operation not uncommonly results in cardiac tamponade. Single chamber tamponade also might be expected, since in this setting the pericardium frequently contains firm blood clots localized to the area of active bleeding. However, this complication has received very little attention in the surgical literature. We are therefore providing documentation that isolated right atrial tamponade can occur as a complication of cardiac operation and that there exists a potential for misdiagnosis and hence incorrect treatment of this condition. Right atrial tamponade may be recognized by a combination of low cardiac output, low blood pressure, prominent neck veins, right atrial pressure in excess of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and a poor response to plasma volume expansion. Findings on chest roentgenogram and gated wall motion scintigraphy may be highly suggestive. This review should serve to increase awareness of this complication and to provide some helpful diagnostic clues. PMID- 6981041 TI - [Remote flap transplantation using microvascular anastomosis for scar correction (author's transl)]. AB - The method of tissue displacement from a donor region to a receiving area with the help of microvascular anastomosis represents a synthesis of the traditional classical remote flap graft and free tissue transplantation. The method of defect replenishment with the help of a freely transplanted skin-fat-connective tissue flap from the groin region (groin flap) is demonstrated by the example of a correction of a shrinking scar on the neck of a 21-year-old patient, and the anatomical basis and operation technique are described. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed. PMID- 6981043 TI - [GE-5-03 apparatus for galvanization of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6981042 TI - [Treatment of Zoster oticus (author's transl)]. AB - Conservative treatment of zoster oticus seems to be possible by promoting increased activity of the immunological system. The techniques to be applied were described by Mayr, Stickl and coworkers. These researchers used a special preparation of an attenuated virus. A transtemporal decompression of the facial nerve should be performed after Fisch and Esslen when more than 90% of the neurons of the facial nerve are lost. Signs of vestibular and cochlear damage are additional arguments for decompression surgery. A case is described in which one year after the onset of the disease necrosis of the facial nerve at the fundus of the internal auditory meatus and the beginning of the Fallopian canal (canalis facialis Fallopii) was seen and histologically proven. This was repaired by inserting a nerve graft. Motility of the face returned. An earlier decompression operation would most probably have prevented this course of the disease. PMID- 6981044 TI - [Effect of buprenorphine on circulation and breathing]. PMID- 6981045 TI - Population-based study of herpes zoster and its sequelae. AB - The epidemiology of herpes zoster and its sequelae have been investigated in a community-based study. The incidence rates observed in Rochester, Minnesota, are lower than those determined in practice-based series; and this may reflect some selectivity in practice-based series compared to population-based studies. No significant sex difference or seasonal variation was observed but the incidence did increase markedly with age. An increase in incidence was also observed over the 15-year period studied. The dermatomal distribution of herpes zoster observed in Rochester was quite similar to previous studies, despite their inherent biases in case ascertainment, except for a lower proportion with cranial nerve zoster. Herpes ophthalmicus (V1) appears to affect a slightly different population than zoster of the other dermatomes, with elderly males being more at risk. Also, herpes ophthalmicus is associated with a higher complication rate compared to the other dermatomes primarily due to the fragility of the involved organ. The elderly are also at greatest risk for the most common complication, post-herpetic neuralgia. The rate of PHN is not significantly increased in any particular dermatome but is significantly decreased in lumbar herpes zoster. PMID- 6981047 TI - Regulatory factors of lymphocyte-lymphocyte interaction. II. Characterization of human mitogenic factor derived from the culture supernatant of a mouse-human hybridoma. AB - Cell hybridization of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) with murine lymphoma (EL-4) provided three hybridomas (MHH-16, MHH-20, and MHH-22) which spontaneously produced human mitogenic factor (MF). MHH 16 was serially subcloned by limiting dilution procedures, which resulted in maintaining two subclones producing human MF spontaneously for more than one year (PQL-3 and PQL-5 subcloned lines). Human MF MHH-MF) derived from supernatants of PQL-5 line cultures had a molecular weight (m.w.) of about 26,000-30,000 daltons (the major peak) with a minor peak with an m.w. of 15,000 daltons on Sephadex G 100 chromatography, and at a high concentration of NaCl (1 M), the activity of the 26,000-30,000-m.w. fraction became weak and that of the 15,000-m.w. fraction became predominant. MHH-MF had an isoelectric point of Ph 5.0-6.5. On DEAE cellulose chromatography, MHH-MF was eluted at a fairly low salt concentration (sodium phosphate buffer 0.02 M, pH 8.0, NaCl 10 mM). After periodate treatment of this MHH-MF, the mitogenic activity almost disappeared. MHH-MF was relatively unstable to heating at 56 c for 20 min. In the presence of tunicamycin (0.3 microgram/ml), an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation the synthesized MHH-MF showed a decrease in m.w. as follows: the major peak shifted from 26,000-30,000 to 23,000 daltons and the minor peak from 15,000 to 10,000 daltons on Sephadex G 100 chromatography. In internal labeling experiments with [3H] leucine, the 3H labeled MF was partially purified, with mitogenic activity as a guide. This 3H labeled MHH-MF fraction could be absorbed by PHA blasts but not by normal PBL. On SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, only the radioactive peak of the 15,000 dalton fraction was recovered. MHH-MF obtained from the hybridoma culture supernatants may be a dimer of the 15,000-dalton fraction and a glycoprotein. PMID- 6981046 TI - Modulation of immune response by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS): roles of macrophages and T cells in vitro adjuvant effect of LPS on antibody response to T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens. AB - The roles of macrophages and T cells in the adjuvant effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were studied. In vitro anti-trinitrophenyl (anti-TNP) antibody responses to TNP-Ficoll and TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanine (TNP-KLH) in spleen cells in C57BL/6 mice showed the most enhancement, when LPS was added to cultures at 1 microgram/ml 48 hr after culture was started. The responses to these antigens were enhanced markedly by LPS in whole and macrophage-depleted spleen cells. The enhancement was greater in the latter group than in the former. The adjuvant effect among whole, T cell-depleted, macrophage-depleted and both macrophage- and T cell-depleted spleen cells was compared. The response to TNP-Ficoll was enhanced markedly by LPS in all groups. The enhancement was greater in the latter two groups than in the first two groups. The response to TNP-KLH was enhanced by LPS strongly in macrophage-depleted spleen cells, moderately in whole and both macrophage- and T cel-depleted spleen cells, and only slight in T cell-depleted spleen cells. Enhancement was restored to T cell-depleted spleen cells by adding T cells. The response to TNP-KLH of macrophage-depleted spleen cells of LPS responsive C3H/HeN mice which was enhanced by LPS was suppressed by adding splenic macrophages of C3H/HeN mice, but not of LPS-nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mice was not enhanced by LPS, irrespective of the addition of macrophages of C3H/HeN mice. The results indicate that B cells are activated directly by LPS, and T cells enhance and macrophages suppress the adjuvant effect of LPS. PMID- 6981048 TI - Examination of the polyclonal B cell activator and adjuvant from fungi. PMID- 6981049 TI - [Too many coronary bypass operations in the USA?]. PMID- 6981050 TI - Diflunisal (Dolobid). PMID- 6981051 TI - Immune evaluation of 50 children with neuroblastoma at onset. AB - Several studies document the importance of immunity in the host-tumor relationship in neuroblastoma patients, evidentiating a correlation between clinical compromission and immune impairment. In this study we evaluated some aspects of cellular and humoral immune capacity in 50 neuroblastoma patients at onset. The aim of this investigation was to define, if any, the common immune pattern of these patients, and to evidentiate a possible correlation with prognosis. Immune tests performed were serum immunoglobulin quantitation, absolute value of total T and B lymphocytes, and lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), Concanavalin A (ConA), and Pokeweed mitogen (PWM). In patients with localized or regional disease, diminished values of lymphocytes were observed in 4/16 cases, a datum highly correlated to a poor final outcome (P less than 0.01). Mitogen response and serum immunoglobulin levels were frequently altered, but no prognostic value was evidentiated. Thirty-one children with disseminated disease presented more frequent and extended abnormalities: No parameter was found to correlate with prognosis, except for an impaired PHA response that paradoxically assumed a favourable prognostic meaning. Our results suggest that only the total lymphocyte number can contribute to predict the survival ratio in patients with regional disease. PMID- 6981053 TI - Childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia expressing "Ia-like" antigen:" a case report. AB - A 4-year-old girl presenting with vomiting, abdominal pain, and renal failure was found to have gross hepatosplenomegaly, a renal mass, and bilateral pleural effusions. A diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was suggested by a peripheral white cell count (WCC) of 119,000 x 10(6)mm3, 57% blasts, 22% lymphocytes, and confirmed by bone marrow examination. Lymphocyte surface marker studies at diagnosis enabled classification as a T-ALL, with a significant proportion of the T cells also bearing receptors for the third component of complement (C3). Seventy-two percent of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells reacted with anti-Ia monoclonal antibody (FMC44), and a smaller proportion (25%) carried receptors for the Fc portion of IgG. The T-classification of this ALL was verified at central nervous system (CNS) relapse and at a subsequent nodal relapse. Double-marker studies on cells from the infiltrated lymph node prepared in suspension confirmed the presence of Ia-positive T cells. The Ia marker is usually a useful discriminant between T and non-T cells in normal and ALL cell populations. The case described here highlights the need for a panel of markers to be used in classification of childhood ALL and supports the suggestion that there is a distinct subtype of Ia-positive T-ALL. PMID- 6981052 TI - Sex differences in prognosis of childhood T-cell leukemia. AB - Bone marrows of 41 untreated children and adolescents with acute lymphocytic leukemia were studied by combined immunologic and histochemical methods at the time of diagnosis. Eleven were classified as T-cell lymphoblastic leukemias (27%) on the basis of cytochemical stains and E-rosette assay. The patients in this group has low median age of 8 years, relatively low median WBC of 13.4 x 10(3)/cc, 6/11 were female, and only 2/5 males had a mediastinal mass. The girls had a lower median age than boys (7 vs 9 years), none had mediastinal masses or extramedullary involvement, and their survival was greater than 27 months compared to 14 months for the boys (P less than 0.01). All patients were enrolled and treated on the (then) currently active CCSG protocols for ALL. This study emphasizes the fact that not all patients with T-cell ALL have poor prognosis, that sex could be an important factor affecting survival, and that the difference in survival could not be adequately explained by differences in the initial WBC. PMID- 6981055 TI - Clinical pharmacology of methotrexate. PMID- 6981054 TI - Plasma phenylalanine: tyrosine ratios during high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum "rescue". AB - We have measured phenylalanine and tyrosine in the plasma of patients with osteogenic sarcoma undergoing chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) citrovorum factor rescue (CFR). During 14 treatments in six different patients, the phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio (PHE/TYR) at 21 to 38 hours was elevated over pretreatment levels. The observed increase in plasma phenylalanine is attributed to inhibition by MTX of the phenylalanine hydroxylase system of the liver, which is not folate-dependent and thus is not corrected by administration of CV. A post infusion increase in PHE/TYR of 571% after 22 hours in one patient and of 410% after 30 hours in another were associated with marked MTX toxicity. The greatest increase in PHE/TYR seen in a patient who did not experience toxicity was was 249% in 21 hours. Thus, in this group of patients, there appears to be a correlation between evidence of clinical MTX toxicity and the magnitude of the percentage increase in PHE/TYR in the plasma, which indicates inhibition of a liver enzyme and thus reflects the intracellular concentration of MTX. PMID- 6981056 TI - Imaging with rotating slit apertures and rotating collimators. AB - The statistical quality of conventional nuclear medical imagery is limited by the small signal collected through low-efficiency conventional apertures. Coded aperture imaging overcomes this by employing a two-step process in which the object is first efficiently detected as an "encoded" form which does not resemble the object, and then filtered (or "decoded") to form an image. We present here the imaging properties of a class of time-modulated coded apertures which, unlike most coded apertures, encode projections of the object rather than the object itself. These coded apertures can reconstruct a volume object nontomographically, tomographically (one plane focused), or three-dimensionally. We describe a new decoding algorithm that reconstructs the object from its planar projections. Results of noise calculations are given, and the noise performance of these coded aperture systems is compared to that of conventional counterparts. A hybrid slit pinhole system which combines the imaging advantages of a rotating slit and a pinhole is described. A new scintillation detector which accurately measures the position of an event in one dimension only is presented, and its use in our coded aperture system is outlined. Finally, results of imaging test objects and animals are given. PMID- 6981057 TI - An overview of a camera-based SPECT system. AB - Camera-based single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) provides increased information about the organ scanned by eliminating superpositioned radionuclidic activity in the reconstructed images. Current literature contains little detail regarding the potential of and the technical aspects involved in using this emerging imaging modality. A description of the instrumentation supplements a general, but practical, background for nuclear medicine personnel. Some of the considerations for successfully utilizing a SPECT system are described, along with a discussion of the basis for these procedures. Pitfalls are mentioned and clinical images from our SPECT imaging system are included. PMID- 6981058 TI - Specificities and properties of three reduced pyridine nucleotide-flavin mononucleotide reductases coupling to bacterial luciferase. AB - Three different NAD(P)H-FMN reductases were extracted from Beneckea harveyi MB-20 cells and separated by DEAE-Sephadex A50 column chromatography. Further purification was achieved by affinity chromatography. In determinations of Km values for NADH, NADPH, and FMN, these three reductases exhibited different specificities and kinetic parameters. One reductase utilizes NADH, whereas a second one utilizes NADPH as the preferred substrate. The third, a newly described reductase species, exhibits about the same reaction rates with NADH and NADPH. The reaction mechanisms of the three enzyme forms have been deduced by steady state kinetic analysis. The highly pure (based on gel electrophoresis) NADPH-FMN reductase still exhibited a low (approximately 2%) activity for NADH, which activity was increased upon storage at 4 degrees but suppressed completely by the replacement of the phosphate buffer with sodium citrate buffer. This high specificity of NADPH-FMN reductase for NADPH under these conditions is useful for the assay of NADPH, notably in systems coupled to bacterial luciferase. PMID- 6981061 TI - Monoclonal murine anti-nucleic acid antibody with double-stranded specificity. AB - The NZB/NZW F1 murine model for the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been employed in somatic cell hybridizations to develop hybridoma autoantibodies with double-stranded (ds) DNA specificity. Monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies from one hybridoma cell line were purified and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Results of comparative binding studies with tritiated [3H]-colicin E1 plasmid DNA probes suggested preferential binding for the native DNA conformation relative to single-stranded DNA. [3H]dsDNA binding was inhibited by several ribohomopolymers (poly G, U and I) but not by free nucleotides, indicating that the phosphodiester-ribose backbone may contribute to the binding specificity of the clonotype. PMID- 6981060 TI - A cross-reactive mouse anti-I-Ek monoclonal antibody detects an HLA-DR polymorphism linked to HLA-DR1. PMID- 6981062 TI - [Clinical features, pathogenesis, and therapy of hereditary angioneurotic edema (author's transl)]. AB - The hereditary angioneurotic edema is probably a more frequent disease than presumed until now. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and is due to diminished or functionally deficient C1 esterase inhibitor. Family history is negative in cases of spontaneous mutations. Two thirds of the patients are already affected in infancy with peripheral edema, facial edema, abdominal symptoms and/or edema of the glottis occuring spontaneously or secondary to trauma. Recently the prognosis has become better due to early diagnosis and the possibility of substitution therapy with C1 esterase inhibitor. A long-term prophylaxis may be achieved with synthetic androgens. PMID- 6981059 TI - Newly formed mRNA lacking polyadenylic acid enters the cytoplasm and the polyribosomes but has a shorter half-life in the absence of polyadenylic acid. AB - Labeled adenovirus type 2 nuclear RNA molecules from cells treated with 3' deoxyadenosine (3'dA) were earlier reported to lack polyadenylic acid [poly(A)], but to be correctly spliced in the nucleus (M. Zeevi et al., Cell 26:39-46, 1981). We have now found that the shortened mRNA molecules, lacking poly(A), can also be found in the cytoplasm of 3'dA-treated cells in association with the polyribosomes. In addition, the accumulation of labeled, nuclear adenovirus specific RNA complementary to early regions 1a, 1b, and 2 of the adenovirus genome was approximately equal in 3'dA-treated and control cells. At the initial appearance of newly labeled adenovirus type 2 RNA (10 min) in the cytoplasm, there was one-half as much labeled RNA in 3'dA-treated cells as in the control. However, control cells accumulated additional mRNA in the cytoplasm very rapidly in the first 40 min of labeling, whereas the 3'dA-treated cells did not. Therefore, it appears that the correctly spliced, poly(A)- mRNA molecules that are labeled in the presence of 3'dA can be transported from the nucleus with nearly the same frequency and the same exit time as in control cells and can be translated in the cytoplasm but have a much shorter half-life than the poly(A)+ mRNA molecules from control infected cells. From these results it is suggested that the role of poly(A) may be entirely to increase the longevity of cytoplasmic mRNA. PMID- 6981063 TI - [Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis of the liver caused by alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - A three year old child with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites caused by alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, developed severe abdominal pain with diarrhea and fever. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was diagnosed by demonstrating a purulent ascitic fluid with gram-positive cocci in the smear which were identified as pneumococci in the bacterial culture. The peritonitis subsided under antibiotic treatment without complications. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in children with cirrhosis of the liver is mentioned in the literature, but up to now, however, only three cases were reported in detail. In order to establish the diagnosis, abdominal tap should be tried rather than explorative laparotomy, the demonstration of gram-positive cocci is diagnostic of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. With early antibiotic therapy, prognosis of the disease is favourable. Newborns and children with nephrotic syndrome, however, are particularly at risk. PMID- 6981064 TI - Treatment of B-cell lymphoma with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody. PMID- 6981067 TI - [Effect of destruction of the median forebrain bundle on synaptic organization of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in the white rat]. PMID- 6981066 TI - The production of membrane or secretory forms immunoglobulins is regulated by C gene-specific signals. AB - Selective patterns of antibody isotypes are produced in response to thymus dependent and thymus-independent antigens and mitogens. Together with information on the organization of immunoglobulin CH genes in myelomas, various models on the control of C-gene expression and switch in normal B cells have been proposed but only secreted products or secretory cells have been considered. We report here a dissociation between expression of membrane-bound immunoglobulins and secretion of the same isotype, and in this case describe C-gene specific signals which regulate the production of membrane versus secretory forms of immunoglobulin. These results indicate that regulation of isotypic patterns operate at levels other than immunoglobulin gene structure, and suggest that the secretory phenotype alone is inadequate as the measure of C-gene expression. PMID- 6981065 TI - Cardiac-catheterization and cardiac-surgical facilities: use, trends, and future requirements. AB - Cardiac catheterizations and cardiac operations were evaluated in the population of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1973 through 1980, and trends in this region were compared with nationwide trends based on data from several sources. The rates of coronary arteriography and coronary-artery bypass operations in Olmsted county have increased over time, but overall, the rates of catheterization and operation appeared to be leveling off. For the country as a whole, the data appear to show similar trends, but there are wide differences among regions in the rates of operation and catheterization. In 1980 40 per cent of hospitals with cardiac-catheterization laboratories and 55 per cent of those with facilities for open-heart surgery were doing fewer than the suggested minimum numbers of these procedures necessary to achieve optimum results. The data support the view that further growth in the number of cardiac centers should be avoided. We believe there is a need for continued evaluation of the use of cardiac services if quality is to be protected and costs controlled. PMID- 6981068 TI - Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes in patients with Hodgkin's disease before and after treatment. AB - Circulating T gamma and T mu cells enumerated in the peripheral blood of 51 untreated Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients and 66 treated HD patients tested after few months to more than 3 years of remission, brought about by radiation and/or chemotherapy. 53 age matched normal healthy individuals were studied as controls. Untreated HD patients showed significant increase in T gamma cells (p less than 0.001) and decrease in T mu cells (p less than 0.001) when compared to normal donors. The abnormal percentages of T cell subsets did not correlate with the severity of the disease. A progressive partial restoration in the proportion of these two subsets of T lymphocytes was seen in the disease free condition. However, even after 3 years of remission the recovery was not equivalent to controls. There was no correlation between the recovery of T gamma and T mu cells with the modality of treatment. PMID- 6981069 TI - [Sulcus bleeding as an indicator of periodontal health in pre-school children during a preventive program]. PMID- 6981070 TI - Stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis by cold precipitable complexes containing DNA-anti-DNA in active nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - DNA-anti-DNA cold precipitable complexes (CPC) isolated from 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were tested for their ability to stimulate polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis and to activate complement in vitro. The complexes activated complement in 20 out of 21 cases and stimulated PMN chemotaxis in 13 out of 21. The stimulation of chemotaxis was present in the majority of patients with renal involvement (10 out of 13) and active disease (8 out of 9), while being almost negligible in those without renal involvement or active disease. In patients studied sequentially, CPC-stimulated chemotaxis was reduced to nil with the remission of the disease. CPC appears to play a pathogenic role in active systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement. PMID- 6981072 TI - Preservation of cochlear nerve function with the aid of brain stem auditory evoked potentials. PMID- 6981071 TI - The serotonin autoreceptor: antagonism by quipazine. AB - The purpose of this study was to attempt to reproduce previous findings regarding the antagonist specificity of the 5HT autoreceptor and to find additional antagonists of this receptor. Crude synaptosomal preparations of the rat hypothalamus were loaded with [3H]5HT, placed on glass microfiber filters and superfused with modified Krebs--Henseleit buffer at 37 degrees C. The release of [3H]5HT was stimulated by raising the buffer K+ concentration and was Ca2+ dependent. In the presence of 100 nM fluoxetine (a selective 5HT uptake inhibitor), exogenous 5HT inhibited the K+-induced release of [3H]5HT but did not affected basal [3H]5HT release. The K+-induced [3H]5HT release was maximally inhibited by 30 nM 5HT to a level of 66.4 +/- 4.0% of control. The concentration of 5HT required to inhibit half-maximally K+-induced [3H]5HT release was approx. 7 nM. Methiothepin and quipazine were found to block the inhibition of K+-induced [3H]5HT release by exogenous 5HT (30 nM). The IC50S for blockade of the effects of 5HT were approx. 3.8 and 670 nM for methiothepin and quipazine, respectively. Several other putative 5HT antagonists, the dopamine receptor antagonist, spiperone and the alpha receptor antagonist, phentolamine, were without effect. Thus, the 5HT autoreceptor appears to have a unique specificity for certain 5HT antagonists. In addition, blockade of 5HT autoreceptors may be one mechanism by which quipazine produces behavioral effects characteristic of a 5HT receptor agonist. PMID- 6981073 TI - Circulating immune complexes in multiple sclerosis: relation with disease activity. AB - Two hundred fifty-four MS patients were studied for circulating immune complexes (CIC) by three different assays: Raji-RIA, Clq-PEG, and Conglutinin-BA. Thirty five percent of the sera were positive by one or more of these tests; Raji-RIA had the highest sensitivity (29.4%). Incidence of CIC in acute relapse, progressive, remission, and stable state of MS was 33.3%, 30.2%, 26.1%, and 23.1%, respectively, by Raji-RIA, compared with 7.75% and 8.82% among normal and neurologic controls. The incidence of CIC in neurologic controls differed significantly from both acute relapse and progressive disease, and almost significantly from patients in remission. There was no significant difference between patients with stable MS and neurologic controls, and there was no association of CIC with HLA-B7. PMID- 6981074 TI - Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: auditory stimulation. AB - Cerebral metabolic responses to verbal and nonverbal auditory stimuli were examined, using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron CT. Twenty right-handed subjects were studied in both control and stimulated states. Monaural verbal stimuli produced diffuse metabolic changes in the left hemisphere and bilateral activation of the transverse and posterior temporal lobes. Monaural nonverbal stimulation with chords demonstrated bilateral parietotemporal activations and diffuse right greater than left frontotemporal asymmetries. Tone sequence pairs presented monaurally produced asymmetries that differed by the subject's analysis strategy. Nonanalytical, musically naive subjects had right greater than left frontotemporal asymmetries, whereas analytic or musically sophisticated subjects had an absence of right greater than left relative hypermetabolism and demonstrated left greater than right temporal asymmetries. Binaural presentation of a factual story and music produced diffuse bilateral activations of the temporal and frontal cortex. Known anatomic asymmetries of the perisylvian cortex were revealed by high-resolution tomography. These results demonstrate that metabolic responses to auditory stimuli are determined by the content of the stimulus and the analysis strategy of the subject rather than the side of stimulation. The results also demonstrate the capacity of functional imaging techniques to study the physiologic cerebral mechanisms underlying auditory processing. PMID- 6981075 TI - [Acute complications in 2 cases of gastric angioma]. PMID- 6981076 TI - [Hemodynamic aspects of hemorrhages caused by esophageal varices and their surgical implications]. PMID- 6981078 TI - [Immunology in surgery]. PMID- 6981077 TI - [Complications of reconstructive vascular surgery. Intra-abdominal pseudoaneurysm and vasculo-enteric fistula]. PMID- 6981079 TI - [Congenital alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency as an aggravating factor in alveolar injury from cigarette smoke]. PMID- 6981080 TI - [Cigarette smoke as a metabolic mediator of atherogenesis]. PMID- 6981081 TI - TENS--relieving pain through electricity. PMID- 6981082 TI - Reversible hepatitis with Hemophilus influenzae sepsis. PMID- 6981083 TI - Pericardial constriction following myocardial revascularization. PMID- 6981084 TI - Electric stimulation for the control of micturition. PMID- 6981085 TI - Anti-inflammatory action of dexamethasone in vitrectomy infusion fluid. AB - Vitrectomy and lensectomy were performed in rabbits with infusion fluid containing dexamethasone. No ocular toxicity was observed in eyes that received dexamethasone up to a concentration of 400 micrograms/ml. Utilizing sensitive radioimmunoassay techniques after surgery, we observed significant reduction in ocular albumin levels in eyes treated with dexamethasone when compared with control eyes in which dexamethasone was not used. However, there was no significant difference in immunoglobulin levels between eyes from both groups. PMID- 6981086 TI - Monoaminergic mechanisms mediating asymmetry after unilateral labyrinthectomy in the frog. PMID- 6981087 TI - [Double-marker (T + B) lymphocytes in lymphoproliferative diseases]. PMID- 6981088 TI - [Pathologic fractures in children with bone tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981090 TI - The X-chrom lens--a case study. PMID- 6981089 TI - [Treatment of the freshly opened maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6981092 TI - Ontogenesis of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in submaxillary glands and nerve growth factor in brains of immature male mice: correlation with ontogenesis of serum levels of thyroid hormones. PMID- 6981093 TI - Treatment of cell-mediated immunodeficiency with calf thymic hormone (T.P.I.). AB - Eight children, four with combined immunodeficiencies and four with isolated T cell defects were treated with TPI, a crude calf thymic extract. Assessment of response was made on clinical grounds and by monitoring of immune function (T and B cell numbers, immunoglobulin levels, PHA response and delayed cutaneous reaction to Candida antigen). One child with severe combined immunodeficiency showed marked clinical improvement together with reconstitution of T cell numbers and, surprisingly, B cell numbers and immunoglobulin production. Two further children, one with a form of combined immunodeficiency and the other with a T cell defect and extensive cutaneous herpes simplex infection, showed benefit from therapy though in the latter we could not demonstrate that this was important in clearing the virus infection. None of the other children showed any consistent improvement either clinically or on testing. We found no evidence of toxicity, allergy or other adverse effects of therapy. PMID- 6981094 TI - [Physical features of the lungs in children with Kartagener syndrome]. PMID- 6981091 TI - Anticonvulsant therapy and vitamin D metabolism: evidence for different mechanisms for phenytoin and phenobarbital. AB - Combined therapy of epileptic children with phenobarbital (PB) and phenytoin (DPH) significantly decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) levels, whereas PB alone significantly increased serum 25-OH-D levels after one to two months of therapy [Sumi et al, 1978]. Studies were conducted in rats to test the hypothesis suggested by the human studies that DPH and PB had different effects on Vitamin D metabolism. Male Wistar rats treated for five days with PB (75 mg/kg/day) had significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) levels (7.1 +/- 1.6 ng/dl, mean +/- SD) compared to controls (12.0 +/- 4.0 ng/dl) and significantly (P less than 0.005) increased conversion of [3H]-vitamin D into [3H]-25-OH-D and [3H]-24,25-(OH)2D, but no increased conversion into [3H]-25 (OH)2D. Age- and weight-matched rats treated for five days with DPH (75 mg/kg/day), however, had significantly (P less than 0.03) decreased 25-OH-D levels (41.9 +/- 5.7 ng/ml) compared to controls (52.4 +/- 4.4 ng/ml) and significantly (P less than 0.01) increased conversion into [3H]-1,25-(OH)2D. These results are consistent with clinical data, which suggest that different alterations in vitamin D metabolism occur after short-term DPH versus PB therapy. PMID- 6981095 TI - [The T-lymphocytes in allergic asthmatic children: influence in-vitro of thymostimulin of E rosette forming activity]. PMID- 6981096 TI - [Comparative observations on the behaviour of serum immunoglobulins IgA and IgE (RAST) in an allergic infant population (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981097 TI - [Respiratory viral diseases in infants (epidemiological study of the 3-year period of 1978-1981)]. PMID- 6981098 TI - [Antibacterial therapy in surgery of the inner and middle ear. A study of co trimoxazole penetration into the perilymph (author's transl)]. AB - Studies of the type presented here have rarely been undertaken and should be useful in surgery and pathology of the inner and middle ear. Samples of perilymph were collected during stapedectomy in patients with otosclerosis. In view of the very small volume of perilymph obtainable from each patient's vestibule (2 to 4 microliter), the only assay method that could be used to measure drug levels was thin layer chromatography on silica gel. Despite pooling of the perilymphs of 5 patients, trimethoprim (TMP) levels could not be measured but the authors were able to demonstrate that sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) does penetrate into the perilymph. Since the TMP-SMZ combination (co-trimoxazole) is active against the pathogens usually encountered in middle ear fluids, it is concluded that the drug could be of benefit in the treatment of middle and inner ear infections or after surgical operations on this area. PMID- 6981099 TI - [Myocardial revascularization by intraluminal clearance of an occluded aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6981100 TI - [Cholestatic hepatitis and anti-DNA antibodies induced by D-penicillamine]. PMID- 6981101 TI - Planning patient care. 5. A problem-oriented approach to identifying patients' problems. PMID- 6981103 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of paroxysmal tachycardia with high-frequency electrical stimulation]. PMID- 6981104 TI - [Life-threatening acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the course of typhoid fever]. PMID- 6981102 TI - [Experimental investigations on the effect of dimer-X and amipaque on the central nervous system after their use for cerebral ventriculography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981105 TI - [Radioimmunoassay in estimating the concentration of pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein (SP-1) in normal pregnancy]. PMID- 6981109 TI - [Effect of Ulceration and lymph node metastasis of skin melanomas on the germinal centers of regional lymph nodes]. PMID- 6981110 TI - [Pulmonary histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6981106 TI - [Correlation between serum concentration of choriosomatotropin (HPL) and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in normal and pathological pregnancy]. PMID- 6981111 TI - Determinants of bone mass in menopause. PMID- 6981107 TI - Technical and theoretical considerations in the HLA typing of amniotic fluid cells for prenatal diagnosis and paternity testing. AB - HLA typing of amniotic fluid cells has been used for the prenatal diagnosis of the HLA linked diseases congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OH-deficiency (21-OH def) type) and complement C4 deficiency and it has also been used for the prenatal determination of paternity. There are, however, technical difficulties in this test associated with the weak expression of some B locus antigens on amniotic fluid cells, and theoretical difficulties related to associations between particular HLA antigens and the 21-OH-def allele. Since certain HLA-B locus antigens are found in significantly increased frequencies among patients with 21-OH-def, there is a relatively high incidence of HLA-B homozygosity among the patients and over 40 per cent of the parents of these patients share one or more HLA-B locus antigens. Results of some prenatal HLA typing tests may thus be difficult to interpret, and supplementary tests should be used whenever possible. HLA typing of amniotic cells is, however, the only available procedure for prenatal diagnosis of C4 deficiency and it is the best available procedure for prenatal determination of paternity. A modification of our original procedure allows HLA typing to be performed with increased numbers of HLA typing sera, and sera with optimum reactivity for amniotic fluid cells have now been selected for the definition of most of the more commonly expressed HLA antigens. Although amniotic fluid cells do not express DR Antigens, amniotic fluid cells can be typed for the HLA-linked marker glyoxalase I (GLO) and this may be the informative for prenatal diagnosis in some cases. PMID- 6981108 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency by steroid analysis in the amniotic fluid of mid-pregnancy: comparison with HLA typing in 17 pregnancies at risk for CAH. AB - Amniotic fluid (AF) levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and testosterone (T) were determined at 16-17 weeks in 17 pregnancies at risk for CAH and results compared to 75 normal controls. The fetus was predicted to be unaffected in 12 cases on the findings of normal AF levels of both 17OHP and T and the latter allowed a correct prediction of fetal sex in all instances. HLA typing confirmed normality in 12 cases revealing 5 carriers, 5 homozygous normal and 2 indeterminate. Steroid levels of the 2 groups were similar. Three fetuses were predicted to be CAH affected on unambiguously high levels of 17OHP and T (in female only). HLA typing was in agreement, and the diagnosis was confirmed in 2 abortuses and a female newborn by physical and hormonal studies. In the last 2 cases AF levels of OHP and T were normal but HLA (A/B/C) genotypes were identical to the CAH affected siblings. Normal physical and hormonal findings in the 2 aborted fetuses would exclude the possibility of an in utero virilizing form of CAH. The discrepancy could be explained on the basis that the fetuses had an allelic form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency or on the basis of recombination (not fully tested). It is concluded that a fully informative prenatal diagnosis of CAH should not rely entirely on HLA typing but on hormonal studies. PMID- 6981114 TI - The effect of coronary bypass surgery on survival. PMID- 6981112 TI - [Electric stimulation of the diaphragm in the treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6981113 TI - An immunosuppressive factor(s) in uremic sera. PMID- 6981116 TI - Differentiation of T cells: thymic selection of specificity for self. PMID- 6981115 TI - Fibronectin binds to the C1q component of complement. AB - Fibronectin immobilized to plastic tubes binds soluble C1q with a Kd of 82 +/- 2.6 nM. The binding of fibronectin to C1q is relatively insensitive to pH but is sensitive to ionic conditions. C1q covalently bound to Sepharose selectively binds cellular fibronectin produced by a hamster fibroblast cell line. The globular head regions of C1q have no effect on the binding of C1q to fibronectin but the collagenous tails of C1q interfere competitively with a Ki of 59 nM. We conclude that fibronectin binds C1q via its collagen-like tail region and thus the process resembles the binding of fibronectin to gelatin. This is further emphasized by our observation that gelatin binds to fibronectin immobilized on plastic tubes with a Kd of 131 nM. Because fibronectin stimulates endocytosis in several systems and promotes the clearance of particulate material from the circulation, these results suggest the possibility that fibronectin could function in the clearance of C1q-coated material such as immune complexes or cellular debris. PMID- 6981117 TI - Surface markers of avian T lymphocytes as defined by a monoclonal antibody and antisera. PMID- 6981118 TI - From tumor-host to feto-maternal relationship. Immunological studies. PMID- 6981119 TI - p-Aminobenzoic acid-sunlamp sensitization of pyrimidine dimer formation and transformation in human cells. PMID- 6981121 TI - Useful laboratory measurements in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Thirty-five patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been monitored clinically and serologically for up to three and a half years. The data collected was analysed by computer using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Program. The patients were categorized into severely active, moderately active and inactive disease groups and associations between clinical state and laboratory tests were sought. No single test was found to distinguish, reliably, the clinical groups but levels of circulating immune complexes (by polyethylene glycol precipitation), platelet count and ESR were shown to distinguish inactive from active disease (p less than 0.05). Severely active disease was distinguished from the less active forms by circulating immune complex levels (Clq solid phase assay) double-stranded DNA binding, lymphocyte count, and CH50 estimations (p less than 0.05). Tests were found to differ considerably in their ability to reflect disease activity when patients were separated into sub-groups according to the major clinical features (eg. arthralgia, renal disease and vasculitic rash). However, those patients with cerebral manifestations and thrombocytopenia proved to be the most difficult to assess. Discriminant function analysis showed that a maximum of 44 per cent of cases could be correctly classified into their clinical grades when combinations of four out of five laboratory tests were used. These results emphasise the continuing need for better tests to monitor the course of SLE. PMID- 6981120 TI - Osteomalacia, vitamin D deficiency and cholestasis in chronic liver disease. AB - Twenty-nine patients with chronic liver disease, nine of whom had symptoms suggesting bone disease, were studied by bone histology. Nine had osteomalacia; six associated with cholestatic liver disease and three with primarily hepatocellular disease. Two of these had clinical and biochemical features of cholestasis for at least a year and the other had alcoholic cirrhosis associated with severe malnutrition. Excluding the latter patient, histological osteomalacia was significantly associated with presence and duration of cholestasis. Plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D was low and fasting urine hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio was high in all patients with osteomalacia but were abnormal also in some patients who did not have histological osteomalacia. Serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D-binding protein and radiology were unhelpful in many patients with osteomalacia. Vitamin D-deficiency correlated significantly with deficiency of other fat-soluble vitamins and those patients with rachitic levels of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D showed no seasonal variation, suggesting a combination of malabsorption of vitamin D and reduced sunlight exposure. We suggest that patients with chronic liver disease with cholestasis for at least a year are at risk from osteomalacia and that those likely to have this complication may be identified by plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and/or fasting urine hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio measurements. The diagnosis can only be made with certainty by bone biopsy. PMID- 6981123 TI - Work in progress: [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography in the evaluation of radiation necrosis of the brain. AB - Five patients who had undergone radiation therapy for cerebral tumors and whose conditions were deteriorating were examined by means of positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose. All five cases had similar clinical and computed tomographic findings. Using the PET technique the two cases of radiation necrosis were distinguished from the three recurrent tumors. In the two cases of radiation necrosis the rate of glucose utilization in the lesion was markedly reduced compared with the normal brain parenchyma. In the recurrent gliomas, however, the glucose metabolic rate was elevated. All five diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy or autopsy. PMID- 6981122 TI - Observations on the natural history of vitamin D deficiency amongst Asian immigrants. AB - The Asian community of Rochdale was examined for evidence of vitamin D deficiency in 1970 and again in 1980. There has been a striking improvement in the biochemical markers of vitamin D deficiency among Asian children, but little improvement was observed in the adults. Asian children born in the United Kingdom had higher serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations than migrant children. Prolonged residence in the United Kingdom and a long period of exposure to western customs was not associated with a better vitamin D status in the adults. The vitamin D status of this community was still markedly inferior to that of a white control group despite attempts to influence their dietary practices and habitual solar exposure. Vitamin D deficiency presents a continuing problem among first generation adult migrants, but a decreasing problem among children. PMID- 6981124 TI - Minilaparotomy for occlusion of coronary veins and control of varices. PMID- 6981125 TI - Marijuana and memory for feelings. AB - 1. This experiment tested the hypothesis that marijuana intoxication results in an impaired memory for feeling states. 2. Marijuana intoxication during memory testing--that is, after the subjects had observed and recorded their feelings, decreased accuracy of memory for feelings of fatigue, as measured by the Profile on Mood States (POMS). 3. Marijuana given prior to the period of self observation, impaired accuracy of memory for feelings as measured by several POMS scales. PMID- 6981129 TI - [Chondromanubrial prominence. Report of 3 cases and presentation of a new technic for surgical correction]. PMID- 6981128 TI - [Initial perspectives in the subclinical diagnosis of ovarian tumors by bidemensional echography]. PMID- 6981126 TI - [Nutrition of hospitalized patients. Food intake in surgical patients]. PMID- 6981127 TI - [Weber-Christian panniculitis treated with sulfone. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6981131 TI - [Acute arterial occlusion due to malignant tumoral embolism. Report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6981130 TI - [Experimental model for the study of jejuno-ileal bypass]. PMID- 6981132 TI - [Training in coloproctology]. PMID- 6981133 TI - [Peripheral artery trauma. Analysis of 42 cases]. PMID- 6981136 TI - [Essential hematuria - aggressive therapeutic management]. PMID- 6981135 TI - [Solitary inflammatory diverticulum of the cecum. Report of 8 cases]. PMID- 6981134 TI - [Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in newborn Brazilian infants]. PMID- 6981137 TI - [Water-electrolyte balance in gastrectomy]. PMID- 6981138 TI - [Cervical neurinoma of the vagus nerve. Report of a case]. PMID- 6981139 TI - [Pain in the hemithorax and shoulder after proximal gastric vagotomy: gaseous stasis syndrome]. PMID- 6981140 TI - [Gastric cancer - re-evaluation of the diagnostic methods]. PMID- 6981141 TI - [Mechanism responsible for the cellular nature of rheumatoid effusions]. PMID- 6981142 TI - [Iatrogenesis and psychiatry]. PMID- 6981143 TI - [The mental health of students]. PMID- 6981144 TI - OU nursing process course is backed. PMID- 6981145 TI - Positive role in care of the terminally ill. PMID- 6981146 TI - Good for patient and practitioner: producing a competent professional nurse. PMID- 6981147 TI - Professional responsibility - do we care? PMID- 6981148 TI - James P. Smith at Tennessee conference: political awareness is still neglected. PMID- 6981149 TI - Rcn response to professional conduct paper: protection rather than punishment. PMID- 6981151 TI - [Epithelioid leiomyomas (leiomyoblastomas). Apropos of 3 cases with a gastric localization, 1 of them malignant]. PMID- 6981150 TI - [Automatic sutures in surgery of the digestive tract. Initial results]. PMID- 6981152 TI - [Effects of nicotine on cochlear and vestibular structures and functions in guinea pigs]. PMID- 6981153 TI - [Pressure of the inferior esophageal sphincter in hepatic cirrhosis: pathogenic role in bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 6981155 TI - [Evaluation of rheumatic disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981154 TI - [Clavulanic acid as an inhibitor of beta lactamase]. PMID- 6981156 TI - Trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole revisited. Cambridge, Massachusetts, November 16 19, 1980. PMID- 6981157 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs. ampicillin in the treatment of experimental meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - When given in combination, both trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole penetrated well into the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with experimental pneumococcal meningitis, reaching concentrations that should have been adequate for synergistic killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was less effective than ampicillin in the treatment of this experimental infection. The effect of the combination on pneumococci in vivo was bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal, possibly because the number of pneumococci in the cerebrospinal fluid of the rabbits at the start of treatment was larger than that in the inoculum used for in vitro sensitivity tests. PMID- 6981160 TI - Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in hospitalized patients. AB - Of 1,121 hospitalized recipients of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 91 (8%) experienced reactions that were attributed to this drug. The most common adverse effects were gastrointestinal upset (3.9%) and skin reactions (3.3%). Serious toxicity attributable to the drug was rare. PMID- 6981159 TI - Clinical evaluation of intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for serious infections. AB - The efficacy and safety of intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) were evaluated in 22 adults with serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. These infections included pneumonia, meningitis, pyelonephritis, deep seated abscesses, and endocarditis. Of the 19 patients who could be evaluated, 12 (63%) were cured, and four (21%) showed definite improvement; three patients (16%) failed to respond to treatment. The only serious side effect occurred in a patient who had an acute reaction after his first dose. Mild adverse reactions were relatively common: three patients (13.6%) developed skin rashes, in one case with bronchospasm and eosinophilia. Mild transient decline of renal function was observed in five patients (22.7%) and decline of hepatic function in seven patients (31.8%); these abnormalities were not necessarily attributable to the drug. Although side effects were more common than previous reports indicate, intravenous TMP-SMZ was effective in the treatment of life-threatening infections unresponsive to other antibiotics. PMID- 6981158 TI - Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of infections due to Nocardia. AB - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was used for treatment of 34 patients with pulmonary or cutaneous nocardiosis. Of nine patients with primary cutaneous disease, eight had rapid resolution of their infection after short-term therapy and none have relapsed after a follow-up of more than six months. The 25 patients with pulmonary nocardiosis had a good clinical response, but three of five (60%) who completed less than three months of therapy relapsed within four weeks. Of the 10 patients who completed four to six months of therapy, only one (10%) relapsed and this relapse was due to drug resistance. By the method of serial dilution in agar, 96% of 59 isolates of Nocardia had MICs of SMZ of less than 25 micrograms/ml. Fewer than 20% were susceptible to 2.5 micrograms of TMP/ml. Synergy between TMP and SMZ was usually present with ratios of TMP to SMZ of 1:5, 1:1, or 5:1, but was less common at a ratio of 1:20. Disk susceptibility testing was easy to perform and readily separated sensitive from resistant strains. TMP SMZ is highly effective for the treatment of nocardiosis, but the question of whether it is more effective clinically than a sulfonamide alone remains unanswered. PMID- 6981161 TI - Long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infection in women. AB - Thirteen women and two preadolescent girls who suffered recurrences after six months of prophylaxis with trimethoprim (TMP; 40 mg) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ; 200 mg) taken thrice weekly at bedtime were enrolled in a 24-month study of prophylaxis with the same region. During 29.1 cumulative patient-years of prophylaxis, two infections due to Escherichia coli and one each due to Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus faecalis occurred (0.14 infection/patient-year). MICs for these isolates were less than or equal to 2 micrograms of TMP/ml and greater than 512 micrograms of SMZ/ml. During prophylaxis, 106 of 116 cultures from the periurethral area and 66 of 97 cultures from the anal and canal yielded no aerobic gram-negative bacilli. In three patients, the periurethral area was colonized with aerobic gram-negative bacilli with MICs of greater than or equal to 2 micrograms of TMP/ml. Thirteen patients were followed after the discontinuation of prophylaxis. Eight suffered recurrences, seven with organisms susceptible to TMP. After one year the remaining five had experienced no recurrences. It is concluded that long-term prophylaxis with 40 mg of TMP and 200 mg of SMZ thrice weekly is an effective, well-tolerated regimen that can maintain an infection-free state in women with histories of frequent urinary reinfections. PMID- 6981162 TI - Single-dose therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for urinary tract infection in women. AB - One-hundred-four women with symptoms of lower urinary tract inflammation (dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic tenderness) were randomly assigned to one of two treatment regimens: either a single dose of two double-strength trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, (TMP-SMZ) tablets (320 mg of TMP and 1,600 mg of SMZ) or conventional therapy of one double-strength tablet (160 mg of TMP and 800 mg of SMZ) twice a day for 10 days. Eighty-one patients had true bacteriuria; 93% of the infections were eradicated by single-dose therapy and 95% by conventional therapy. Results of an antibody-coated bacteria assay showed no correlation with therapeutic outcome. Clinically important side effects were observed in 4% of patients treated with single-dose therapy and 24% (P less than 0.05) of those treated with conventional therapy. Twenty-three patients had acute urethral syndrome, 14 with and nine without pyuria on initial urinalysis. The 14 with pyuria responded to antimicrobial therapy, whereas those without pyuria did not. This response pattern is consistent with recent data concerning the etiology of acute urethral syndrome. It is concluded that single-dose TMP-SMZ therapy is effective, easily administered, inexpensive, and free from significant side effects, and that it should have broad applicability in the treatment of women with acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infection. PMID- 6981163 TI - Urinary prophylaxis with trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: efficacy, influence on the natural history of recurrent bacteriuria, and cost control. AB - Low-dose trimethoprim (TMP), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), and nitrofurantoin macrocrystals were found to be safe and effective as prophylaxis against recurrent urinary tract infections. Women given placebo had 2.8 infections per patient-year during the six-month study period, while women given TMP, TMP-SMZ, or nitrofurantoin had significantly lower infection rates (0.015 per patient-year). The effect of prophylaxis appeared to be limited to the period when the agents were taken. Only one patient had a TMP-resistant coliform isolated from cultures obtained during prophylaxis and six months afterwards. The sole factor associated with the recurrence of infection after prophylaxis was a history of three or more infections in the year preceding prophylaxis. Thirty-one of the 60 women in the trial were monitored for a mean of 6.1 years before and 3.2 years after they entered the study. Analysis of infection rates indicated that about half these women were experiencing an infection cluster when they entered the study and that the prestudy baseline infection rate correlated with the poststudy rate. Thus, prophylaxis did not appear to exert a long-term effect on the baseline infection rate. Urinary prophylaxis generally appears to become cost-effective when the baseline infection rate exceeds two per patient-year. PMID- 6981164 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim alone in the prophylaxis of childhood urinary tract infection. AB - In 1975 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was found effective in the prophylaxis of childhood urinary tract infection. The rate of recurrence in 130 children who received prophylaxis was only 0.05 infections per year. No fecal coliforms were found in 70% of rectal swabs, and only 10% of the isolates of coliform organisms were resistant to TMP. During effective, low-dose urinary prophylaxis with TMP-SMZ in 130 children for periods of two to 10 years, no effects of the drug on hematologic or renal function were observed, and somatic growth was normal. However, the frequency of resistance to TMP among fecal coliforms increased from less than 10% in 1970-1975 to 34% in 1980. This increase was not related to the duration of prophylaxis and appeared to represent a secular increase in TMP resistance among coliforms. TMP alone also was effective in urinary prophylaxis; only three of 39 children experienced a recurrence of urinary tract infection during a total of 309 months of prophylaxis in 1978-1980. The effect of TMP prophylaxis on the bowel flora was similar to that of TMP-SMZ prophylaxis. Resistance to TMP was found in 16% of isolates from rectal swabs from children receiving TMP alone. PMID- 6981165 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux. AB - Thirty children with urinary tract infection and nonobstructive vesicoureteral reflux have been followed prospectively for a mean of 17 months. After classification according to age and grade of reflux, 10 patients were assigned at random to treatment with antimicrobial prophylaxis alone or antimicrobial prophylaxis plus corrective surgery. Twenty other patients were also treated with antimicrobial prophylaxis alone. All were assigned at random to treatment with a single daily dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or nitrofurantoin. Cultures of urine, complete blood cell counts, and determination of levels of aspartate aminotransferase in serum were performed regularly during follow-up. Both drugs proved effective in prevention of recurrent infection, and no significant hematologic or hepatic abnormalities were noted. Current results suggest that either prophylaxis or surgery may effectively prevent chronic pyelonephritis or reflux nephropathy, but only continuing evaluation of this group of patients will confirm these results. PMID- 6981168 TI - Activity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro. AB - With use of a technique for cell culture, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), alone and in combination at ratios of 1:1, 1:5, and 1:20, were determined against five strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. The drugs were added to idoxuridine-treated McCoy cells after inoculation of the cells with the pathogen. Cultures were examined after incubation for 48 hr; the MIC was defined as the highest concentration of drugs at which no inclusions were seen. Definite end points were observed only with inocula of less than or equal to 10(3) inclusion-forming units (IFU)/ml. With larger inocula, inclusions were present for all dilutions tested. The MICs for TMP alone were greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml for all strains. The MICs for SMZ alone ranged from 2 to 128 micrograms/ml. There appeared to be no better than an additive effect for all combinations of TMP and SMZ tested, although the effect of 1:20 was greater than that at 1:1 or 1:5. With increasing concentrations of both drugs, the inclusions became progressively fewer, smaller, and pyknotic. Even though definite end points could not be determined, there was a significant reduction in the number of IFU/ml at relatively low concentrations of both TMP and SMZ. The results of this study suggest that the activity of TMP SMZ against C. trachomatis is primarily that of SMZ alone. PMID- 6981167 TI - Treatment of concomitant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women: comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with ampicillin probenecid. AB - Sixty-nine women with known or suspected uncomplicated gonorrhea were treated randomly either with a single dose of 3.5 g of ampicillin plus 1 g of probenecid or with four doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) in two double strength tablets (160 mg of TMP plus 800 mg of SMZ) twice daily for two days. Overall, 56 (81%) of the women had gonococcal infections, 26 (38%) had chlamydial infections, and 23 (33%) had coexisting Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Among the women with genital or anal gonorrhea, two (9%) of 23 treated with TMP-SMZ and three (12%) of 25 treated with ampicillin and probenecid remained infected. TMP-SMZ cured four of four pharyngeal gonococcal infections. C. trachomatis was isolated at the first posttreatment visit significantly more often after treatment with ampicillin and probenecid (10 of 11 times) than after treatment with TMP-SMZ (1 of 10 times; P = 0.003). However, at the second follow-up visit, C. trachomatis was isolated from 30% of the women treated with TMP-SMZ. The area of ectopic columnar epithelium (ectopy) on the ectocervix and edema of this area were highly correlated with the presence of C. trachomatis, and persistence of C. trachomatis was associated with persistent edema of ectopy and with friability. TMP-SMZ is as effective as ampicillin probenecid for the treatment of uncomplicated genital gonorrhea in women and may be more effective for the treatment of pharyngeal gonorrhea. The optimal dose and duration of TMP-SMZ therapy for C. trachomatis infection requires further study. PMID- 6981166 TI - Treatment of cystitis in women with a single dose of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. AB - The efficacy of a single dose (four tablets) and of 10-day courses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was studied in 77 women with symptomatic cystitis and negative tests for antibody-coated bacteria. Cure rates after six weeks were 76% for single-dose therapy and 87% for 10 days of treatment. For Escherichia coli infections, cure rates after six weeks were 80% and 86%, respectively. However, 10-day treatment eliminated enteric bacilli from urethral and vaginal sites more often than did single-dose therapy. Two weeks after completion of treatment, perineal colonization was observed more often in the women who developed recurrent infections than in those who did not (P = 0.01). During these two weeks, recurrent infections were found somewhat more often in the women who had received single-dose therapy than in those who had undergone 10 day treatment (5 of 38 vs. 2 of 39; P = 0.07). With conventional courses of antibiotics, retreatment of all recurrent infections was less successful in women previously given single-dose therapy. Recurrent infections were also more frequent in women infected with bacteria other than E. coli. Both drug regimens were well tolerated. However, serious adverse reactions were fewer in patients treated with a single dose (8.5%) than in patients treated for 10 days (15%). Single-dose therapy with TMP-SMZ appears as effective as 10-day therapy in acute uncomplicated cystitis caused by E. coli. PMID- 6981169 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was successful treatment for 93% of cases of acute otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae studied. All 15 children in this study had symptoms of otitis media that were unrelieved by a course of ampicillin therapy, but 14 of them responded promptly to a 10-day course of TMP-SMZ. Potentially invasive type b strains of H. influenzae were isolated in cultures of the middle ear exudate of three children, all of whom responded well to TMP-SMZ therapy. The middle ear isolates of H. influenzae were sensitive in vitro to TMP-SMZ. It is concluded that TMP-SMZ is effective and convenient for the treatment of otitis media caused by ampicillin resistant H. influenzae. PMID- 6981170 TI - Oral or intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for shigellosis. AB - A review of the literature concerning shigellosis treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) revealed comparative studies of 149 cases and noncomparative studies of 147 cases. Bacteriologic and clinical success rates were greater than or equal to 90% and TMP-SMZ compared favorably with alternative drug therapy. In the present study TMP-SMZ was given intravenously as initial therapy to 11 children hospitalized for severe shigella colitis. Bacteriologic and clinical responses were comparable to those observed with oral TMP-SMZ therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed substantial differences between the responses of these children and those reported for adult patients; a higher ratio of SMZ to TMP (50:1) was found in children. It is concluded that TMP-SMZ is effective therapy for shigellosis and is the drug of choice in areas where ampicillin resistance is prevalent. PMID- 6981171 TI - Response of typhoid fever caused by chloramphenicol-susceptible and chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Salmonella typhi to treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - Chloramphenicol remains the drug of choice for the treatment of typhoid fever in most areas despite the risks of relapses and toxicity. In a comparison of the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and chloramphenicol against typhoid fever, 60 patients in Indonesia were randomly assigned to receive either TMP-SMZ (320 mg of TMP and 1,600 mg of SMZ daily) or chloramphenicol (2 g daily) for 14 days. TMP-SMZ was significantly more effective in sterilizing the blood, but the two drugs were equally effective with regard to relapse rate, frequency of prolonged fever, and mortality. Use of TMP-SMZ in Vietnam for the treatment of typhoid fever caused by chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella typhi showed that TMP-SMZ is as effective as ampicillin. Likewise, a review of other published reports suggests that TMP-SMZ has an overall record in the treatment of typhoid fever that is equal to or better than the records of other available drugs. TMP SMZ has emerged as a satisfactory alternative to chloramphenicol for the treatment of typhoid fever and should be especially useful in areas where chloramphenicol-resistant S. typhi has been isolated. PMID- 6981174 TI - Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of infections in patients with cancer. AB - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) was used alone and in combination with other antimicrobial agents as treatment for infections in patients with cancer. Patients who did not respond to previous treatment with combinations of antibiotics received TMP-SMZ orally or parenterally during a total of 127 episodes of infection. The combined response rate for these two routes of administration was 49%, and the individual rates were similar for both routes. Twenty-eight infections were treated with TMP-SMZ plus tobramycin, and 75% responded after treatment with other drugs had failed. Ticarcillin plus TMP-SMZ was used as initial therapy for presumed or proved infection during 276 episodes of fever. Of 102 documented infections, 77% responded. Toxicity from TMP-SMZ was minimal. PMID- 6981172 TI - Intravenous pharmacokinetics and in vitro bactericidal activity of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. AB - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (240 mg of trimethoprim plus 1,200 mg of sulfamethoxazole) was administered intravenously in a volume of 200 ml to 7 volunteers every 12 hr for 4 days. The mean peak levels of TMP and SMZ in plasma were 3.22 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively, on day 1 and 5.91 and 178 micrograms/ml, respectively, on day 4, when a steady state was achieved. Tests of in vitro susceptibility indicated that these concentrations are bactericidal for a large proportion of enteric gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 6981175 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim alone for prophylaxis of infection in granulocytopenic patients. AB - Prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) has been shown to reduce the incidence of fever, parenteral antibiotic usage, and infections with gram negative bacteria in hospitalized patients with neutropenia. Furthermore, TMP-SMZ was found to be equivalent to or better than oral, nonabsorbable antibiotics in direct comparisons and to have an additive effect when given together with other oral, nonabsorbable antibiotics. Adults given TMP-SMZ continuously had fewer readmissions for infection than did controls given TMP-SMZ only while hospitalized. TMP-SMZ used continuously in children with acute leukemia was effective in preventing bacterial and Pneumocystis carinii infections. For prophylaxis in granulocytopenic patients, TMP appeared equivalent to TMP-SMZ both in efficacy and incidence of side effects. However, TMP was less effective in suppressing gastrointestinal flora, including TMP-resistant gram-negative rods. Thus, TMP-SMZ has some role in preventing infections in high-risk patients, but further studies, especially comparisons with untreated patients may still be required. TMP used alone offers little advantage and has the theoretical disadvantage of not preventing infections caused by P. carinii or TMP-resistant gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6981173 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in children and adults with normal and impaired renal function. AB - Thirty-seven children and adults aged 0.2-82 years were treated intravenously with 150 mg of trimethoprim (TMP) and 750 mg of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)/m2 every 8 hr, usually for known or suspected pneumocystis pneumonia; when necessary dosage was adjusted to maintain peak TMP levels of 5-10 micrograms/ml. On day 2 of treatment, mean peak levels of TMP-SMZ were 7.02 and 148 micrograms/ml, respectively, and mean half-lives were 9.6 and 10.7 hr, respectively. All age groups achieved similar peak levels of TMP-SMZ, although dosages per weight were higher in children than in adults. Peak increments (peak levels minus levels before infusion) were higher and more reliable after iv than after oral dosage (P less than 0.001). The half-lives of TMP and SMZ increased with age (r = +0.73 and +0.39, respectively) and were correlated directly with the level of serum creatinine (r = +0.85 and +0.39, respectively). Serum concentrations of N4-acetyl SMZ, the major hepatic metabolite of SMZ, increased in proportion to concentrations of creatinine in serum (r = +0.92; P less than 0.001). Adverse effects included fluid overload due to the large dilution volume and thrombocytopenia, which was associated with higher serum TMP levels and longer treatment as compared with nonthrombocytopenic patients. A loading dose of 250 mg of TMP and 1,250 mg of SMZ/m2 is recommended, followed by maintenance doses of 150 mg of TMP and 750 mg of SMZ/m2 every 8 hr for children aged 10 years or younger and every 12 hr for adults with normal renal function. In renal failure the dosage interval (hr) should be increased to 12 times the serum creatinine level (mg/dl) (maximum, 48 hr). Serum concentrations of TMP and perhaps of N4 acetyl-SMZ should be monitored in patients with severe renal failure. PMID- 6981176 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in children. AB - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is effective in both the treatment and the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. After initial evaluation in an animal model, TMP-SMZ was shown to be as clinically effective as pentamidine isethionate for the treatment of pneumonitis in children with cancer and to have minimal adverse effects. Treatment with TMP-SMZ (20 mg of TMP and 100 mg of SMZ per kg of body weight per day) was successful in three-fourths of patients tested. Administered prophylactically, TMP-SMZ (5.0 mg of TMP and 25 mg of SMZ per kg of body weight per day) prevented P. carinii infection in high-risk immunocompromised patients. Studies of the unstructured delivery of prophylactic TMP-SMZ have demonstrated the regimen to be feasible and effective, with a favorable benefit-risk ratio for a large number of children with cancer. PMID- 6981177 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of adults with pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii. AB - The use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) for the treatment of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii has not been as rigorously assessed in studies of adults as in pediatric studies that have included patients randomly assigned to receive either pentamidine or TMP-SMZ. Nonetheless, it was shown that 80% of adults with histologically proved pneumocystis pneumonia who were treated with TMP-SMZ intravenously for at least four days or orally for at least nine days (total daily dose, 10-20 mg/kg) responded clinically and radiologically. Recipients of organ transplants and patients with lymphomas or lymphatic leukemia predominated in these studies. The median time to improvement was four days. TMP SMZ therapy was continued for up to six days before a change to pentamidine was considered. Clinical failures of treatment were associated with delayed diagnosis and initiation of treatment, poor absorption of the orally administered drug, and concomitant life-threatening infections. Thus, a regimen involving initial intravenous therapy with doses of 15-20 mg/kg per day, with subsequent reduction of dosage or change to oral medication if improvement is rapid, was developed. With large initial intravenous doses, the monitoring of drug levels in the serum may not be necessary. Historical comparisons show that treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia with TMP-SMZ is associated with a better response rate and fewer side effects than is treatment with pentamidine. PMID- 6981178 TI - [Clinical vestibular and electronystagmographic aspects of benign cerebellar vascular accidents (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981179 TI - Studies of artificial cryoprecipitates containing anti-DNA antibody activity. AB - Artificial cryoprecipitates have been prepared from SLE sera by incubation of anti-double stranded DNA with 3H-PM2 DNA. IgM rheumatoid factor, and complement to study further the relationships between natural cryoprecipitation and the DNA/anti-DNA system in this disorder. Addition of rheumatoid factor and/or complement to a mixture of SLE serum and 3H-DNA results in increased precipitation of the 3H-DNA following incubation at 4 degrees C. Precipitation formed with added complement or complement plus rheumatoid factor could be rapidly resolubilized or reprecipitated by warming to 37 degrees C or recooling to 4 degrees C, i.e., exhibited the behavior of natural cryoprecipitates. The resolubilized cryoprecipitates contained excess antibody, because they bound significant quantities of additional 3H-DNA in the Farr assay. Of special interest was the observation that DNA binding activity frequently could be recovered from solubilized cryoprecipitates even though 3H-DNA was not added during the original cryoprecipitate preparation. With certain cryoprecipitations prepared in this way, the DNA binding activity was further increased by deoxyribonuclease treatment, raising the possibility that endogenous DNA may be constituent of such cryoprecipitates. The implications of these findings with respect to the nature of antibody-DNA immune complexes in SLE are discussed. PMID- 6981181 TI - Population studies of leukocyte-reactive antinuclear antibody and HLA antigens. AB - The prevalence of serum leukocyte-reactive antinuclear antibody (LR-ANA) was determined in 31 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), their age-and gender matched normal controls, and two tribes of 340 West Coast Canadian Indians (Bella Coolas and Haidas). At a serum dilution of 1 : 10, the prevalence of LR-ANA in AS and controls was 45% and 7%, respectively. At 1 : 20 dilution, the prevalence was 23% in AS, 0% in controls, 29% in Bella Coolas and 27% in Haidas. No concordance was found among LR-ANA, HLA-B27 and CREG-B7, and nine HLA-A and seven HLA-B antigens in the Indian tribes. These studies confirm an increased prevalence of LR-ANA in AS and AS kindreds, but the latter association appears to be independent of HLA antigens. PMID- 6981180 TI - Quantitative studies of the interaction of 3H-dsDNA/anti-DNA immune complexes with complement: comparison and evaluation of the Raji cell, the solution phase C1Q, and the red blood cell linked complement fixation radioimmunoassays. AB - We have prepared antibody/3H-dsDNA immune complexes and have used three independent radioimmunoassays to quantitate their interaction with complement; the solution phase C1q assay, the Raji cell assay, and a complement-based red blood cell adherence assay (RBC-CF). Our results indicate that although there is reasonable qualitative agreement between the Raji cell assay and the RBC-CF assay, there are some differences in the quantitative range of sensitivities of the two assays. On the other hand, we find that most of the complement-fixing antibody/3H-dsDNA complexes are not detected in the solution phase C1q assay. The results suggest this is because the absolute concentrations of the immune complexes were too low to achieve significant precipitation under the standard conditions used in the C1q assay. The implication of these findings with respect to the potential detection and analysis of antibody/dsDNA immune complexes is discussed. PMID- 6981183 TI - HLA-DR antigens in rheumatoid arthritis. A Swiss collaborative study. Swiss Federal Commission for the Rheumatic Diseases, Subcommission for Research. AB - In a Swiss multicenter study, a significant increase of HLA-DR4 was found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis when compared with normal controls (P less than 0.01). This increase was limited to patients with rheumatoid factors; it was strongest in patients with high titers. Similarly, the frequency of HLA-DR4 was higher in patients with larger amounts of circulating immune complexes when compared with patients with low amounts. No correlation with the presence of antinuclear antibodies was found. HLA-DR1 was more frequent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in controls (N.S.). This was due to an increase of HLA DR1 in patients without rheumatoid factors (P less than 0.05), low amounts of circulating immune complexes (N.S.) and without antinuclear antibodies (P less than 0.05). PMID- 6981184 TI - Induction of a lymphotoxin-like mediator in peripheral blood and synovial fluid lymphocytes by incubation with synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A significantly increased spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) has been reported in synovial fluid lymphocytes (SFL) as compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and that of normal controls [1-3]. To determine whether this increased SCMC activity is due to the production of a lymphokine and related to the production of a lymphotoxin(LT) like mediator, PBL from normal controls and PBL and SFL from RA patients were incubated either with a human melanoma cell line (IGR 3) or with cell-free synovial fluid (SF) from RA patients. The SF and the cell-free supernatants of the different cultures were tested for LT activity by estimation of inhibition of DNA synthesis of HeLa cell monolayers and they were added to a SCMC assay system using normal PBL and IGR 3 as target. In the supernatants from cocultures of either PBL from controls or PBL and SFL from RA patients with IGR 3 cells, there was no significant difference in LT activity. An LT-like mediator was observed in the supernatants of all lymphocytes cocultured with SF, whereas SF alone and supernatants of lymphocytes alone exhibited little or no LT activity. In a control experiment, LT induction was not observed when normal lymphocytes were cultured with the serum of RA patients. Absorption of the culture supernatants with an insolubilised goat anti-human Ig did not remove LT activity. The demonstrated release of an LT-like mediator from lymphocytes incubated with SF might be one contributing mechanism to the inflammatory joint reaction in RA patients. PMID- 6981187 TI - A lesson in caring. PMID- 6981186 TI - Council on Practice: ANA standards of nursing practice benefit nurses. PMID- 6981185 TI - The question of atopy (genetics and immunological mechanisms in immediate hypersensitivity). PMID- 6981188 TI - Helplessness: the perception of uncontrollability. PMID- 6981182 TI - The absence of circulating immune complexes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Sera from 50 patients with well-defined ankylosing spondylitis were examined for circulating immune complexes using both a Clq binding (fluid phase) assay and a Raji cell assay. No more than five of the patients assessed had circulating immune complexes by either one of these techniques and none were positive in both. This result is in contrast to the high prevalence in sera from unselected patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus used as positive controls. PMID- 6981190 TI - [Fibroblastic rheumatism. A case with study of synovial histology]. PMID- 6981191 TI - Variability of constitutive heterochromatin of human chromosomes in the population. Analysis of sex differences and coincidence of variants. PMID- 6981189 TI - [Calcified coronary aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981192 TI - A contribution to the diagnostics of cystic affections of the liver and demonstration of an unusual cystic tumour. PMID- 6981193 TI - [Complete congenital AV block in childhood. Prognosis and cardiostimulation]. PMID- 6981194 TI - Tissue and serum immunoglobulins in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6981195 TI - [Urinary tract infections in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome or chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6981196 TI - [Prognostic importance of studying the immune status of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6981197 TI - Monoclonal blood lymphocytes in benign monoclonal gammopathy and multiple myeloma in relation to clinical stage. AB - 20 patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG) have been studied for blood lymphocyte and subpopulations. 4 patients had slightly decreased T-lymphocyte values. Total B-lymphocytes were within the normal range. In 3 BMG patients an abnormal ratio between kappa- and lambda-bearing lymphocytes was detected indicating circulating monoclonal cells. 41 lymphoid cells using the kappa: lambda-ratio. 54% of the patients had monoclonal blood cells at diagnosis. the incidence and numbers of such cells increased with advanced clinical stage. Thus, it seems as if tumor volume is the main factor responsible for the appearance of monoclonal blood cells in multiple myeloma. PMID- 6981198 TI - Influence of residual splenic tissue on autoantibodies in splenectomized patients. AB - In 42 patients splenectomized after injury of the spleen or for non-malignant diseases residual splenic tissue was detected by 99mTc scanning in 19 (Group I) and not detected in 23 (Group II). Autoantibodies detected by the indirect immunofluorescent method occurred in 16 (38%) of the splenectomized patients and in 6 (14%) of 42 age- and sex-matched controls (P less than 0.02). In patients with residual splenic tissue the incidence of autoantibodies did not differ significantly form that in the controls, whereas autoantibodies occurred significantly more often in patients without residual splenic tissue (39%) than inthe corresponding control groups (9%) (P = 0.016). Antibodies to nuclear antigens (ANA), smooth muscle (SMA), reticulin (RetA) and cytoplasm of gastric parietal cells (PA) were detected, and the antibody titres tended to be higher in the patients than in the controls. None of the patients showed any clinical signs of autoimmune disease. These findings indicate that splenectomy disturbs the regulation of autoantibody function, and it is possible that this might be caused by a reduction of the number of T suppressor cells for which the spleen is a major pool. It is suggested that residual tissue may prevent an increased occurrence of autoantibodies in splenectomized patients. PMID- 6981199 TI - A comparison of tetrahydrofolate and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate in correcting the impairment of thymidine synthesis in pernicious anaemia. AB - 5-formyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate were added to marrow cells from patients with untreated pernicious anaemia at 1, 5 and 50 nmol doses in the deoxyuridine suppression test. At all 3 dose levels formyltetrahydrofolate was significantly more effective in correcting the defect of thymidine synthesis in pernicious anaemia, than tetrahydrofolate. The data suggest that formylation of tetrahydrofolate is necessary for its normal utilization. PMID- 6981201 TI - E receptor expression of T lymphocytes in T lymphoproliferative diseases. AB - The lymphoid component of skin infiltrates from 6 cases of mycosis fungoides and 2 cases of T cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia consisted almost exclusively of T lymphocytes with abnormally high E receptor expression. Such T cells were also found to dominate the skin infiltrates from 10 patients with severe atopic dermatitis. Blood T lymphocyte counts from all types of patients were within the normal range, but even the blood T lymphocytes of the patients had a strong E receptor expression. The bone marrow in atopic dermatitis and in mycosis fungoides showed normal T cell counts with normal E receptor expression. Supported by basic lymphocyte-kinetic considerations it is likely that the skin in T lymphoproliferative diseases is characterized by an abnormal ability to home and/or to trap T lymphocytes with strong E receptor expression. PMID- 6981202 TI - Malignant histiocytosis and adult coeliac disease. AB - A 54-year-old female with a 3 year history of coeliac disease suddenly deteriorated. Clinical investigation and bone marrow aspirate were consistent with malignant histiocytosis. The patient died and the following postmortem examination confirmed the diagnosis. The significance of the concomitant occurrence of coeliac disease and malignant histiocytosis is discussed. PMID- 6981203 TI - Reuma 82. Abstracts: XIX Nordic Congress of Rheumatology, 20-23 June 1982, Stockholm. PMID- 6981200 TI - Distribution of T-cell subsets identified by monoclonal antibodies in cell suspensions from lymph node biopsies of human B-cell lymphomas. AB - The distribution of T-cell subsets has been examined in cell suspensions from lymph node biopsies from 37 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of B-cell origin and 8 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD). T-inducer/helper cells (T4+ cells) and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (T8+ cells) were identified by the monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8, respectively. Compared with reactive lymph nodes the T cell subset distribution was aberrant in 18/37 (48.6%) of the B-cell lymphomas. The T-suppressor subset was dominating cells in 14/37 (37.8%) and the T-helper subset in 4/37 (10.8%) of the cases examined. In patients with leukaemic disease, a concordant T-cell subset distribution in lymph nodes and PBL was observed in 5 out of 6 cases. HLA-DR antigen was examined in a selected number of cases with a heteroantiserum. In general, the T-cells from neoplastic tissues expressed an increased percentage of HLA-DR antigen. This was most pronounced in cases with a dominance of T8+ cells, in which the majority of T8+ cells expressed HLA-DR antigen. These findings suggest that an increased proportion of activated T suppressor cells are present in a proportion of B-cell lymphomas. Possible clinical and biological implications are discussed. PMID- 6981204 TI - Attitudes of pharmacy students towards psychosocial factors in health care. AB - An attitude scale was administered on a cross-sectional basis to pharmacy students in 3 professional years and alumni 1 year post-graduation. The instrument, previously used in a study of social awareness among Canadian health professional students, revealed, on application, that social attitudes tended to decline as students progressed through school. Students with prior degrees had generally higher scores. Male students generally held stronger views than did female students, whether favorable or unfavorable. PMID- 6981205 TI - [Current technics in radiotherapy]. PMID- 6981207 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass. Surgery which improves the quality of life and life expectancy]. PMID- 6981206 TI - [Preparation of a patient undergoing aortocoronary bypass. Role of the nurse in pre- and post-operative care]. PMID- 6981209 TI - [Postoperative care of aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6981208 TI - [Anesthesia in aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 6981210 TI - [Rehabilitation of aortocoronary bypass patients: social reinsertion and preventive counseling. Psychological aspects]. PMID- 6981211 TI - Normal survival curve after coronary artery bypass. AB - A consecutive series of 2,628 patients subjected to isolated coronary artery bypass have had follow-up for a total of 13,915.5 patient-years. The number of patients surviving without angina decreased from 81% at one year to 36.9% at nine years after operation. Nonfatal myocardial infarction occurred at a rate of 3.1% per year, and the incidence of repeat coronary artery bypass was approximately 1% per year. The ratio of the five-year actuarial survival to that expected for a normal population, matched by age and sex, was 1.03 for single vessel disease, 1.00 for double vessel disease, and 1.00 for triple vessel disease. The survival ratio at ten years postoperatively was 1.13, 0.99, and 0.85 for single, double, and triple vessel disease, respectively. Cardiac causes accounted for 44.4%, 68.9%, and 65.7% of deaths in patients with single, double, and triple vessel disease, respectively. PMID- 6981212 TI - [Assessment of physical work capacity and myocardial contractile function in patients who have undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 6981213 TI - [Immunocorrective therapy of rheumatoid arthritis by means of lymphocytoplasmopheresis]. PMID- 6981214 TI - The epidemiology of rheumatic disease in a rural and an urban population over the age of 65 years. AB - The prevalence of rheumatic disease in subjects over 65 years of age was measured in a rural and an urban population in the Western Cape by means of a questionnaire and a clinical/radiological investigation. The completion rates were 88% and 85% for the rural and the urban groups respectively. Recall of previous arthritis/backache and shoulder pain/shoulder disease and osteo arthrosis was more frequent in the urban population, and osteoporosis occurred with equal frequency in both populations. The relevance of these findings is discussed in terms of their actual and potential impact on the treatment of elderly persons. PMID- 6981215 TI - Clinical and prognostic significance of portohepatic gradient in patients with cirrhosis. AB - As the clinical significance of hemodynamic parameters remains controversial, the portohepatic gradient has been measured in 89 patients with cirrhosis by a transjugular approach. Relationships between portohepatic gradient and clinical, roentgenologic and prognostic patterns were studied with a maximum follow-up period of 36 months. Portohepatic gradient was not related to the rate of occurrence or rate of recurrence of digestive tract bleeding. Portohepatic gradient was related to the size of esophageal varices, p less than 0.01. Observation of large varices at endoscopy was associated with a higher risk of digestive tract bleeding. Portohepatic gradient was related to the number of portosystemic shunts opacified at portography, p less than 0.01. Portohepatic gradient was found to be related to these aspects of prognosis: the mean portohepatic gradient was higher in patients who died than it was in survivors, p less than 0.05. When patients were separated into two groups according to portohepatic gradient values--greater than or equal to 20.8, less than 20.8 millimeters of mercury--the actuarial survival rate was inversely related to portohepatic gradient at one, p less than 0.02, and at 12, p less than 0.02, months of follow-up study. This relationship could be demonstrated in the entire group of patients with cirrhosis and in the group of patients with digestive tract bleeding. This pattern seemed to be related to the risk of hemorrhage. In groups of patients and within a 24 month observation period, the survival rate was significantly related to the range of portohepatic gradient in each group. PMID- 6981216 TI - The surgical management of infrarenal aortic occlusion. PMID- 6981217 TI - Giant aneurysm of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery simulating a cerebellopontine angle tumor. PMID- 6981218 TI - [Distribution of early carious lesions on permanent tooth surfaces and its relationship with dental plaque]. PMID- 6981219 TI - Injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices for patients undergoing emergency and elective surgery. AB - From October 1977 to September 1981, 68 patients with esophageal varices (30 emergency cases of bleeding and 38 elective cases) were treated by injecting 5% ethanolamine oleate into varices, using an esophagofiberscope. Esophageal bleeding was successfully controlled in 29 of 30 patients who had emergency surgery. None of the 38 patients who underwent elective operation had bleeding after treatment. When recurrence occurred 1 or 2 years after treatment, the same procedure was repeated. Pleuritis occurred in one of the patients who had emergency surgery, and bleeding (300 to 400 ml) from the esophagocardial junction occurred in two patients who underwent elective operation. These patients were treatment conservatively. PMID- 6981221 TI - [Prognosis of the course of the rheumatic process]. PMID- 6981220 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity in rheumatism studied using human cardiac myosin]. PMID- 6981222 TI - [Effectiveness and indications for using immunoregulatory therapy in systemic rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6981224 TI - [Dekaris effectiveness in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6981223 TI - [Variants in the course of Sjogren's disease]. PMID- 6981225 TI - [Clinical characteristics of Bechterew's disease in women in relation to the HLA B27 antigen carrier state]. PMID- 6981226 TI - Chemical and immunological features of pleural effusions: comparison between rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. AB - The value of determination of pleural fluid glucose, pH, lactic dehydrogenase, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4, anti-IgG antibody, and hydroxyproline in distinguishing between pleural effusions caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those resulting from other diseases was studied. The series comprised seven patients with RA and 115 patients with other diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, tuberculosis, malignant disease, empyema, pneumonia, congestive heart failure, and nonspecific pleural effusion. The low glucose concentration, the low pH and the low C4 level in rheumatoid pleural effusion were the most valuable diagnostic findings. The presence of anti-IgG antibody in pleural fluid was not specific for RA. The concentration of hydroxyproline in pleural fluid and the pleural fluid-to plasma hydroxyproline ratio were significantly higher in RA than in tuberculosis and malignant disease. The results support the view that local metabolic and immunological phenomena as well as a high turnover of collagen occur in the pleural cavity in RA. PMID- 6981227 TI - Surface adsorption of factor XI. II. Evidence that different mechanisms are involved in binding to glass and plastic materials. AB - Blood coagulation factors XI and XIa possess binding site(s) for glass and plastics, located in the heavy chain of the molecule. To elucidate the nature of binding, adsorption and desorption properties of factor XI and XIa to different surfaces have been studied. Desorption experiments with high salt (2.4 M NaC1) suggest participation of ionic forces in the binding to glass. This is consistent with the decreased adsorption of factor XI (pI-9.0) to glass with increasing pH. The non-ionic detergent Triton X-100, which splits hydrophobic bonds, desorbs factor XI very well from plastics and partially from glass. The anionic detergent SDS, which will split hydrophobic as well as ionic bonds, is the most effective agent tested for the elution of factor XI from glass. We, therefore infer, that the binding of factor XI to glass is the combined effect of ionic and hydrophobic binding, whereas the adsorption of factor XI to plastics is primarily hydrophobic. PMID- 6981228 TI - Alteration in plasma proteins and platelet functions with aging and cigarette smoking in healthy men. AB - Blood samples were obtained on four different occasions from 18 cigarette smoking and 34 non-smoking healthy men (age 40-69) and analyzed to assess age- and smoking-associated changes in plasma proteins, blood coagulation and platelet functions. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation was significantly increased with aging in non-smokers. Significant changes in chronic smokers were increases in platelet count and fibrinogen in plasma; elevation of platelet factor-3 (PF-3) activity in platelet-poor plasma (PPP); increase in serum levels of alpha 1 antitrypsin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin and properdin factor B; and shortening of the lag period of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Filtration of PPP through Millipore filters removed PF-3 membranes. The differences in PF-3 activities in filtered plasma were no longer significant between smokers and non smokers. Results suggest that chronic smokers have higher levels of acute phase proteins reflecting underlying inflammatory processes, and higher levels of PF-3 activity in plasma due to liberation of PF-3 membranes from platelets. PMID- 6981229 TI - Inverse relationship between ristocetin co-factor levels and platelet aggregation in insulin dependent diabetes. PMID- 6981230 TI - Competitive inhibition of T-cell mediated lympholysis by platelets. AB - Platelets are known to possess serologically detectable HLA-A, B, C (class I) antigens, but not HLA-DR (class II) antigens. We have used platelets as non labelled (cold) competitors for cell-mediated lympholysis directed against determinants on PHA (3 days) and PWM (7 days) 51Cr-labelled (hot) lymphoblasts, i.e. T and B lymphoblasts, respectively. It is found that platelets are able to incompletely inhibit cytolysis against T-lymphoblasts, but not B-lymphoblasts. The inhibition is immunologically specific in the sense that only platelets autologous to the original responder cell do not. The immunogenetic specificity of platelet blocking is unknown at present, since no allogeneic third party platelets have been investigated. It is further found that platelets do not inhibit cytolysis by cytotoxic lymphocytes previously qualified to identify HLA non A, B, C, D/DR determinants on T-lymphoblasts. Like in serology, platelets have to mature (greater than or equal to 7 days) in order to obtain optimal results. Since platelets are easy to procure and maintain their reactivity for months by simple storage in saline at 4 degrees C, platelets may be used to screen for cell-mediated lympholysis against HLA-class I, II or "new" determinants. PMID- 6981231 TI - Family planning communications and contraceptive use in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Panama. AB - Recent contraceptive prevalence surveys in Guatemala, El Salvador, and panama included a module on family planning communications. This module provided useful feedback on the reach of each program and facilitated comparisons between countries. While almost all women in El Salvador have been reached by family planning messages, the percentage of women reached was lower in Panama and Guatemala. In all three countries rural, less educated, and unemployed women who worked inside the home or not at all were least likely to have seen or heard the messages. Exposure to family planning communications emerged as a strong correlate of contraceptive use, as shown in two separate analyses. These findings underscore the importance of communications in promoting contraceptive use. PMID- 6981233 TI - [Kartagener's syndrome in a sibling pair]. PMID- 6981232 TI - Sequential analysis of the virus-immune responder characteristics of thymocytes from F1 leads to parent radiation chimeras. AB - The virus-immune responder characteristics of thymocytes, spleen and lymph node (LN) cells from (P1 X P2)F1 leads to P1 radiation chimeras have been examined sequentially at weekly intervals. Adoptively-transferred thymocytes generate strong cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocyte (CTL) responses from 28 to 100 days after reconstitution with bone marrow, which are almost invariably restricted to recognition of virus presented in the context of P1. This pattern of H-2 restriction is also maintained for spleen and LN cells from the [(H-2kXd)F1 leads to H-2k] and [(H-2kXb)F1 leads to H-2k] combinations but there is random emergence of reactivity to H-2k+virus for peripheral lymphoid cells from [(H 2KkXb)F1 leads to H-2b] chimeras. Treatment of established [(P1 X P2)F1 leads to P1] chimeras with a low dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) did not lead to the emergence of significant CTL effector function for P2 + virus. Also, administration of a large dose of Cy prior to irradiation of the chimera recipients did not modify the H-2 restriction profile of the chimera, though the level of CTL responsiveness associated with the appropriate H-2 type was apparently enhanced. PMID- 6981234 TI - [Mobile rheumatological records. A link between special departments and practice]. PMID- 6981235 TI - [Benign solitary ulcer in rectum]. PMID- 6981236 TI - [The behaviour of autologous spongiosa transplants from the ilial crest with and without fibrinadhesive in the canine femoral epiphysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981237 TI - [Role of immunologic reactions and nonspecific defense factors of the body in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6981238 TI - Target cells for malignant catarrhal fever virus in rabbits. AB - Lymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleens of malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) infected rabbits were tested for MCFV infectivity in secondary calf thyroid cell monolayers. Most infectivity was demonstrated in the lymphocytes. Some infectivity was also detected in macrophages/monocytes. It was thus concluded that lymphocytes form the major target cell for the herpesvirus of malignant catarrhal fever in rabbits. PMID- 6981239 TI - The effect of convergence on the vestibulo-ocular reflex and implications for perceived movement. AB - The apparent motion of a fixated stimulus during head translation in the dark was found to depend on the magnitude of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Absolute convergence level determines VOR magnitude and thereby influences apparent motion during head movement by determining the magnitude and direction of the pursuit effort required to maintain gaze stability. The results are discussed in terms of the biological utility of the coupling between convergence and the VOR in maintaining image stability, and the role of the pursuit eye movement system in illusory movement. PMID- 6981240 TI - Temporal summation in a rod monochromat. PMID- 6981242 TI - Is the binocular rivalry mechanism tritanopic? AB - Binocular rivalry for a series of colored targets was measured in three trichomats and two red-green dichromats by cumulating those times when ony one target or the other was perceived (exclusive visibility time). Targets were black and colored 3 c/deg square-wave gratings, 1 degree in diameter. For trichromats, exclusive visibility time increased as a function of color difference between the targets, but for dichromats there was no effect of color on binocular rivalry. Taken together, these data indicate that the binocular rivalry mechanism is tritanopic: it is responsive to color signals only from the medium- and long-wave sensitive cones. PMID- 6981241 TI - Stereoacuity development for crossed and uncrossed disparities in human infants. AB - The development of stereoacuity for crossed and uncrossed disparities was assessed by means of a preferential looking procedure in a cross-sectional sample of infants aged 2-12 months and by following a longitudinal sample over the first 8 months of life. Crossed stereoacuity was found to develop earlier but at approximately the same rate as uncrossed stereoacuity. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that there exist two binocular mechanisms, one subserving disparity detection and one for uncrossed disparity detection. PMID- 6981243 TI - In search of the elusive long-wave fundamental. AB - Action spectra for threshold detection of flicker (30 Hz) were obtained on 11 deuteranopes under carefully controlled adaptation conditions. Individual differences were large, so that each one of the long-wave fundamentals proposed by different theorists finds reasonable justification in the spectrum measured on at least one deuteranope. Some deuteranopes' spectra are not described by any one of these "fundamentals". To a first approximation at least, trichromats' spectra show the property of linear additivity. One such trichromat's spectrum agreed well with that of a deuteranope with whom he shares a common erythrolabe, and appears to be uninfluenced by his chlorolabe-filled cones. PMID- 6981244 TI - What causes trichromacy? A theoretical analysis using comb-filtered spectra. AB - For colour vision, the task of the eye is to discriminate different distributions of energy over the spectrum. This is usually treated as a problem in the wavelength domain, analogous to treating spatial resolution in terms of spatial positions in the image. What is attempted here is a treatment of colour vision in terms of the system's responses to spectral energy distributions that are sinusoidal functions of wavelength. These are called comb-filtered spectra, and the treatment is analogous to that of spatial vision in terms of spatial sinusoids. This gives some insight into the reasons for trichromacy, the advantages of oil droplets, and the narrow separation of the red and green mechanisms. It is also shown that the absorption spectra of photosensitive pigments are superimposable if plotted as a function of the fourth root of wavelength. PMID- 6981245 TI - [Myxoma of the left atrium with rheumatoid symptoms]. PMID- 6981246 TI - [Experience in using a psychological test in medical expertise]. PMID- 6981247 TI - [Use of rosette formation tests for determining human lymphocyte radiosensitivity]. PMID- 6981248 TI - [The importance of optokinetic nystagmus examinations in otoneurology diagnosis]. PMID- 6981249 TI - [Interference currents in the treatment of spinal degenerative diseases]. PMID- 6981250 TI - [Dynamics of the electrical activity of the brain in cerebral strokes as affected by muscle electrostimulation using sinusoidal modulated currents]. PMID- 6981251 TI - [Bladder electrostimulation after radical operations for rectal cancer]. PMID- 6981255 TI - [Improved medical documentation for the management of patients with cardiovascular pathology]. PMID- 6981252 TI - [Effect of static loads and sinusoidal modulated currents on the course of experimental arthritis of the knee joint]. PMID- 6981253 TI - [Effect of thymic polypeptide factor on the cyclic nucleotide system of immunocompetent cells]. AB - Thyramine, a polypeptide factor from thymus, at wide range of concentrations increased the cAMP content in rat thymocytes. Increase in the cAMP content was less distinct in spleen lymphoid cells. Thyramine decreased the cGMP content in thymocytes; minimal nucleotide level was found within 15 min of incubation. The data obtained suggest that the rate of lymphocyte maturation is important for response of the cells to the effect of immunoregulating agents. PMID- 6981254 TI - [Antirheumatic drugs and principles for their clinical acceptance]. PMID- 6981256 TI - [Cases of upper digestive tract hemorrhages examined by endoscopy]. PMID- 6981257 TI - [Psychogenic rheumatism]. PMID- 6981258 TI - [Severe case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a 11-year-old boy]. PMID- 6981259 TI - [Peculiarities of infections of the neonate (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981260 TI - Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a membrane oxygenator with secondary flows in the blood channels. PMID- 6981261 TI - [Use of antirheumatic agents and analgesics in old age in chronic rheumatic disorders]. PMID- 6981262 TI - [Immunological investigations in recurrent herpes simplex (author's transl)]. AB - Various immunological parameters were studied in 49 patients suffering from recurrent herpes simplex and in 100 healthy sex- and age-matched individuals. The study included determination of immunoglobulins in serum, classification and PHA stimulation of peripheral lymphocytes as well as testing different granulocyte functions in vitro. We found a moderately reduced number of T-lymphocytes in 20 patients and a strikingly decreased rate of PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation in 30 patients. A slight impairment of chemotactic activity and markedly reduced capacity of killing Candida albicans blastospores by granulocytes was also found. These results point to an immunological alteration in patients with recurrent herpes simplex. PMID- 6981263 TI - Uptake of 6-H3 thymidine in the normal and regenerating CNS of Rana esculenta. PMID- 6981264 TI - [Monoamine containing megacaryoyctes in the bone marrow of rat. Fluorescence histochemical and electron microscopical studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981267 TI - [Aspects of anxiety]. PMID- 6981266 TI - The course of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in athymic nude and neonatally thymectomized mice. AB - BALB/c athymic nude and thymus-reconstituted nude mice and neonatally thymectomized BALB/c mice were infected with stage 3 larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and the worm burdens of the mice were determined at various times after infection. When the nude and thymectomized mice were exposed to the parasite, some worms were found to migrate from the brain to lungs but died there without reaching maturity. This pulmonary arterial migration of the worms in the nude did not occur following thymic reconstitution. These data suggest that the inability of murine intracranial worms to migrate to the lungs is at least in part due to thymus-dependent mechanisms, and also that the failure of worm maturation in mouse lungs might be due to thymus-independent immune mechanisms and/or nonimmunological mechanisms. PMID- 6981268 TI - [Immune protection of the body in gonorrhea]. PMID- 6981265 TI - Histochemical demonstration of an ATP-dependent Ca2+-pump in bullfrog myocardial cells. AB - In the present investigation different finestructural and histochemical procedures were employed to demonstrate normal morphology and Ca2+-transport mechanism in bullfrog atrial myocardium. For normal morphology specimens were fixed in 1% OsO4, 2.5% glutaraldehyde or liquid propane at -185 degrees C before they were prepared for conventional embedding and freeze-etching, respectively. Special interest was focussed on the caveolae system, which is composed of single, spherical membrane invaginations (diameter, 85 nm), randomly distributed at the entire cell periphery. The caveolae enlarge the cell surface by 24.5% and occupy 8.5% of the cellular volume. The caveolae membrane contains a few intramembraneous particles with a diameter of 8.4 nm comparable to the size of ATPases as found in other cells. For histochemistry the specimens were first stabilized by treatment with 50% glycerol, 0.025% glutaraldehyde or 0.15% formaldehyde and then incubated in a medium containing 4 mM CaCl2, 4 mM EGTA, 5 mM MgCl2, 5 mM K2C2O4, 5 mM ATP and 20 mM histidine at pH 7.0. This incubation always succeeded in the formation of electron-dense deposits with elliptical shape, measuring 100-200 nm in length and 10-30 nm in diameter. According to X ray spectra they deliver a characteristic calcium-peak and can be found within two different cellular compartments: in small invaginations of the sarcolemma, i.e. the caveolae-system, and in the intrafibrillar sarcoplasmic reticulum. The elliptical deposits can be clearly distinguished from round electron-dense granules measuring 16 nm in diameter, which are located within randomly distributed small vesicles and composed of potassium and phosphate. Contrary to the elliptical deposits the round granules are also present in controls and seem to be identical with the so-called atrial granules. In comparison to observations obtained with the same method in other muscular systems and derived from various control experiments the results of this study favour the existence of an ATP dependent Ca2+-pumping mechanism in frog atrial muscle bound to both, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the caveolae system. PMID- 6981271 TI - [Abnormal obstetric presentation--consequence of defective vestibular function (author's transl)]. AB - The possible presence of a relationship between intra-uterine presentation and vestibular function was studied for this paper. -- Thermic and rotational balance tests as well as tests for vestibulospinal reaction and for spontaneous and provoked nystagmus were applied to 42 children in school age who had been born from breech and transverse presentations and to another 30 children who had been born from vertex presentations. The results seem to support the assumption that normal intrauterine presentation depends on intact condition of the vestibular system. PMID- 6981269 TI - [Immediate treatment results in recurrent syphilis using penicillin preparations in combination with levamisole (dekaris)]. PMID- 6981272 TI - [Development of humoral immunity to heterologous antigen in the parenteral and peroral administration of pertussis vaccine]. AB - The influence of pertussis vaccine administered by different methods on the development of humoral immune response to heterologous antigen obtained from the bovine spinal cord has been studied on rabbits. Pertussis vaccine introduced into the body of animals simultaneously with the heterologous antigen has been found to induce, besides protective anti-pertussis immunity, the development of reagin immune response to the antigen of cerebrospinal tissue. The reagin response was more pronounced in the animals receiving pertussis vaccine parenterally. At the same time, on days 10-15 after immunization by both methods a decrease in the IgG and IgM levels and their subsequent increase were registered. These data suggest that the parenteral administration of pertussis vaccine creates a higher allergic background in the body in comparison with oral immunization. PMID- 6981273 TI - Contractile properties of isolated frog skeletal muscles under the influence of Na-octanoate. AB - Na-octanoate (2-10 mM) altered the characteristics of the isometric twitch of isolated frog skeletal muscles. The peak tension, the maximum rate of tension rose, the time to peak tension, and the half relaxation time decreased. The tetanus tension was reduced by the same amount in percent as a single isometric twitch so that no changes occurred in the twitch/tetanus relationship. The fusion frequency of tetanic contractions increased. The isotonic contractions had a reduced shortening period. The shortening velocity was not affected. The K+ induced contractures were diminished. The S-shaped curve which relates peak tension to potassium concentration was shifted to more positive potentials. The maximum contractile strength was not attained even by complete depolarization. 1 2 mM caffeine removed the octanoate effects described above. The contracture induced by 7.5 mM caffeine produced the same maximum tension as that obtained in Ringer's solution, but the contracture began later and the rise of tension was retarded. The tension development of glycerol-extracted muscles was not affected by octanoate. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the octanoate induced changes of muscle contraction are due to a reduced Ca++ release from cellular stores. PMID- 6981270 TI - [Comparative test psychologic study of different rheumatic diseases and hypertension]. PMID- 6981275 TI - [Surgical treatment of esophageal varices: thoracic esophageal ligation on a clip introduced by oral way (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981274 TI - [Digestive endoscopy in oesophageal lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981276 TI - [Transthoracic esophagus transsection for bleeding esophageal varices (author's transl)]. AB - The surgical treatment of bleeding esophageal varices is still controversial: the emergency shunt operation versus the so-called "sperr-operation". In the past three decennia, Boerema, of the department of surgery of the Wilhelmina Hospital in Amsterdam, has developed several types of ligation operations. In 1967 Boerema, Klopper and Holscher described the transabdominal oesophagus transsection using the Boerema-button for bleeding oesophageal varices (la Presse Medicale). This method has been used during ten years for 64 patients: the mortality was 39%. Since 1976 a new technique has been applied; the transthoracic oesophagus transsection. Up to the present, 7 patients have been operated upon, mortality was 14%. The technique and follow-up of both methods are discussed. We believe that the last method is a gain because of the simple technique, the esophagus does not need to be opened, so no contamination, limited operation length, little loss of blood and prevention of laparatomy. Nevertheless one disadvantage exists: the method is suitable to esophageal varices, but not to gastric varices. PMID- 6981277 TI - Correlation of the HLA-A1,B8 haplotypes with circulating autoantibodies in a family with increased incidence of autoimmune disease. AB - Two cases of Addison's disease, two cases of scleroderma, three cases of primary hypothyroidism possibly due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, three cases of diabetes mellitus, and two cases of ovarian failure and secondary amenorrhoea were diagnosed in a single family. In 44 members of four generations of the family including all the diseased, we have performed HLA typing and measurement of circulating autoantibodies. All diseased patients were older than 12 years, all possessed HLA B8 antigen, and all but two showed specific autoantibodies in their serum. In contrast, none of the family members without HLA B8 developed any of the autoimmune diseases in spite of the fact that in 13 of them some circulating autoantibodies were demonstrable in the serum. It is concluded that genetic factors play an essential role in the development of autoimmunity in the studied family. The individuals acquire circulating autoantibodies as they develop the disease. Environmental factors play a secondary role as evident from the age dependence. HLA typing can become an important diagnostic tool in identifying the individuals at a risk of autoimmune disease. Detection of circulating serum autoantibodies alone correlated poorly with the autoimmune disease. PMID- 6981279 TI - Induction of colony formation in vitro by human B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6981280 TI - Granulopoiesis in BDF1 mice transplanted with L1210 leukemic cells. PMID- 6981278 TI - Pure red cell aplasia associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: effects of T lymphocytes on hemopoietic progenitor cells. PMID- 6981281 TI - In vitro effect of murine peritoneal exudate cells activated with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432, on hematopoietic stem cells. PMID- 6981282 TI - Haemodynamic changes with the administration of nitrous oxide during coronary artery surgery. AB - Haemodynamic responses to 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen during coronary artery surgery were investigated in 10 patients. Morphine, diazepam and pancuronium were given intravenously as both induction and maintenance anaesthesia. A significant decrease was seen in heart rate, arterial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate-systolic arterial pressure product, peripheral vascular resistance, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, dP/dT of the left ventricle and resistance as measured in the graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). No variations occurred in cardiac output, stroke volume, flow in the LAD-graft, pulmonary artery pressure or heart rate-systolic pulmonary artery pressure product or in dP/dT of the right ventricle. Pulmonary vascular resistance increased. It was concluded that left ventricular performance did not decrease and that no deterioration of the oxygenation to the myocardium seemed to occur. PMID- 6981283 TI - Cytotoxicity of temporarily adherent human mononuclear blood cells. 2. Characterization of effector cells. AB - In monolayers of freshly isolated human mononuclear blood cells, 5-10% of the adherent cells are non-monocytic. These cells detach during the first day of in vitro culture. These detached cells exert high cytolytic and cytostatic activities. The detached cells were found to be mostly (90%) nonmonocytic as assessed by cell morphology studies and characterization with respect to membrane markers. The detached cells consisted of 40% T-lymphocytes. 10% B-lymphocytes and 40% non-T, non-B lymphocytes. Thirty-five percent of the cells were Fc-receptor bearing cells. Following sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosetting, the cytotoxic cells were found in the non-SRBC-rosetting fraction, viz. they were non-T lymphocytes. PMID- 6981284 TI - Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in human adult and cord blood rosette forming cells. AB - Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity was studied in cells forming rosettes with sheep and mouse erythrocytes. In adult peripheral blood, on the average 74% of E-rosette-forming cells expressed simultaneous focal ANAE activity, whereas most cells forming rosettes with mouse erythrocytes were negative. No difference was observed in ANAE-staining proportions of active and total E-rosette forming cells in adult peripheral blood. The proportions of total and active E-rosette and M-rosette forming cells were similar in adult peripheral blood and cord blood lymphocytes. However, the mean percentage of cord blood total E-rosette-forming cells expressing ANAE activity (61%) was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than in adult peripheral blood. PMID- 6981285 TI - B-cell immune response during total protein deprivation. AB - Female adult rats fed with a protein-free normocaloric diet were antigenically stimulated with 1.3 x 10(-9) sheep red blood cells. Lymphoid spleen population, spleen plaque forming cells and serum haemolysins were measured in experimental as well as in control animals fed with a normal (18% protein) diet. A persistent diminution, proportionally related to the period of protein deprivation, of all parameters studied was observed; the fall was more prominent for haemolysin titre which became undetectable after 15 days of protein-free diet. Also, animals exposed to the aproteic diet during 15 days were afterwards returned to a normal diet and maintained on it during variable periods of time. A rapid restoration of the humoral response capacity, up to 60% of normal after 4 days of protein intake, and completely normal, following 6 days of refeeding, was observed. These findings suggest that protein starvation influences the production of circulating antibodies more than the antibody-forming cells. The aproteic induced impairment involved in the immunoglobulin synthesis does not appear to be irreversible, at least during the dieting period explored in the present study. PMID- 6981286 TI - Neutrophil and lymphocyte function in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Neutrophil granulocyte chemotaxis and intraneutrophilic and plasma levels of lysozyme as well as the number of T and B lymphocytes and lymphocyte transformation in vitro on stimulation with mitogens and microbial antigens were studied in four groups of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Twelve patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and ketoacidosis and 4 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied at the time of diagnosis and before and after start of treatment. Ten patients with IDDM of less than 10 years' duration which had been difficult to regulate well and 10 patients with IDDM well regulated for more than 20 years were studied at their regular outpatient visits. Apart from a slight increase in plasma lysozyme in group 1 from the first to the second examination, we found no differences between diabetics and healthy control persons. It is concluded that if patients with DM are more susceptible to infections, it is probably caused by elements of neutrophil or lymphocyte function not examined in this study or by factors unrelated to immunity. PMID- 6981288 TI - Effects of biological response modifiers on the growth and differentiation of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase containing lymphocytes. PMID- 6981289 TI - Effect of nucleosides on human T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines. PMID- 6981287 TI - Control of adenosine deaminase levels in human lymphoblasts. AB - High levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity have been associated with normal T cell differentiation and T cell disease, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, possible mechanisms controlling the level of this enzyme have not been explored. In this study, the properties and rate of turnover of ADA are compared in cultured human T and B lymphoblast cell lines. (1) Relative to B lymphoblasts, the level of ADA activity in extracts of T lymphoblast cell lines (MOLT-4, RPMI-8402, CCRF-CEM and CCRF-HSB-2) is elevated 7- to 14-fold and differs by 2-fold among the T-cell lines. (2) In T and B lymphoblast extracts, the enzyme is apparently identical based on Km for adenosine and deoxyadenosine, Ki for inosine, Vmax for adenosine, S20w, isoelectric pH, and heat stability. Further, by radioimmunoassay the quantity of ADA immunoreactive protein is proportional to the level of enzyme activity in all cell lines studied. (3) Using a purification and selective immunoprecipitation technique, the enzyme turnover could be assessed in cell lines labeled with [35S]methionine. The apparent rate of ADA synthesis, relative to total protein, is 2-fold faster in both T cell lines (RPMI-8402 and CCRF-CEM) than in the B cell lines (MGL-8 and GM-130). The apparent half-life (t1/2) for the enzyme degradation is 19 and 39 hr, respectively, for CCRF-CEM and RPMI-8402, while the t1/2 for both B cell lines is 7-9 hr. From the net rate of synthesis and degradation, the T cell lines exhibit a 6- and 12-fold difference in ADA turnover relative to B cells, consistent with the observed differences in enzyme activity. (4) The level of ADA (activity and/or protein) in cultured T or B lymphoblasts is not influenced by either substrates or products of the ADA reaction or an ADA inhibitor or a selected group of immunosuppressive drugs added to these cells in culture. These studies indicate that while ADA is apparently identical in all T and B lymphoblasts, alterations in both the rate of ADA synthesis and degradation lead to its accumulation and high steady-state level in T cells. PMID- 6981291 TI - Hybrids between myeloma cells and thymocytes - and attempt to approach the biological function of terminal transferase. PMID- 6981290 TI - 20 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha SDH) - a new enzymatic marker for pre T and T lymphocytes. PMID- 6981293 TI - Vestibular neurotology Symposium on Vestibular Neurotology, Montreal, September 9 12, 1980. PMID- 6981294 TI - The arterial loops of the pontocerebellar angle. Microsurgical anatomy and pathological consideration. PMID- 6981292 TI - Enrichment of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity by cell separation. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is a unique DNA polymerase that can carry out DNA synthesis on an initiator molecule in the absence of a template. The usefulness of this enzyme as a biological marker for following patients during treatment and remission has been suggested. The potential usefulness of this enzyme in predicting the onset of relapse before any morphological indications has been demonstrated in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in blast phase of the disease. In order to be able to detect low levels of TdT activity especially during remission phase, we have used cell separation techniques which can enrich cell populations containing TdT activity. A number of cell separation techniques have been developed to separate different cell types. We have used the techniques of unit gravity sedimentation and free flow electrophoresis to achieve enrichment of TdT positive cell populations. Our results show that up to 20 fold enrichment of TdT activity in normal human bone marrow can be accomplished by using cell separation techniques. With the use of free flow electrophoresis, we have achieved enrichment of TdT positive cell populations from normal human bone marrow, cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast phase of the disease. No TdT positive cells were detected in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. These cell separation techniques should prove to be useful in early detection of relapse in patients in remission. PMID- 6981295 TI - Basic mechanisms of the peripheral vestibular system. PMID- 6981296 TI - The vestibulospinal system and postural regulation in man. AB - Upright posture in humans represents a giant step phylogenetically speaking. But upright posture demands refined mechanisms for static and dynamic postural equilibrium that are initiated by the concurrence of visual and proprioceptive impulses from the muscles of the legs and the labyrinth. The static labyrinth and Deiter's nucleus via the LVST seem to be the main centers responsible for static equilibrium. Its basic neurophysiological mechanism has been analyzed by the study of stretch reflexes, which permits a semiquantitative evaluation of the function of the static labyrinth. The cerebellum appears as the main control center of the proprioceptive system in relation to dynamic equilibrium. PMID- 6981297 TI - Vestibular syndrome: clinical and pathophysiology considerations. PMID- 6981298 TI - Cochlear evaluation in relation to vestibular pathologies. PMID- 6981299 TI - Vestibular and clinical reaction to middle ear pressure changes. PMID- 6981300 TI - Measurement of blood flow in the vertebrobasilar system. PMID- 6981301 TI - Analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of some new salicylic acid derivatives, including QSAR. PMID- 6981302 TI - [Lens fiber damage induced by diamide and its recovery by dithiothreitol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981303 TI - Reticular formation of the frog in comparison with the lamprey. An attempt to explain the origin of the basic components of reticular formation on the basis of cytoarchitecture. PMID- 6981304 TI - Characterization of penicillinase inhibitor in bovine serum. PMID- 6981305 TI - Humoral immune response in vitamin A deficient children. AB - Humoral immune response was evaluated in children with vitamin A deficiency. The percentage of B lymphocytes and the initial levels of plasma IgA, IgG and IgM were normal. Two weeks after the immunisation with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, there was a marked increase in the antibody titers. There were no significant differences between the deficient and the normal children. The results indicate that the antibody production is not altered in children with vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 6981306 TI - The unreliability of CT numbers as absolute values. AB - The use of CT numbers as absolute values was examined by scanning a standard phantom on five CT scanners under a variety of conditions simulating those encountered in routine body CT scanning. The results show that: (1) There are significant differences in absolute CT numbers between most scanners (only one scanner produced CT numbers that were equal to zero for water); (2) There are significant differences in absolute CT numbers between two scanners of the same manufacturer and model that were examined; (3) There is a significant difference in CT numbers in a single phantom scan, dependent on location in the scan, and the format of this variability is not constant from one scanner to another; and (4) There may be a significant difference in absolute CT numbers depending on various physical factors (e.g., kilovoltage, phantom orientation in scan aperture, and position of the phantom in the scan aperture). The findings suggest that there is a wide range of CT numbers observed for a given tissue type as a result of scanner performance alone, and that if absolute CT numbers are to be used for diagnosis the user must document that these machine-related variations are less than the differences thought to be significant. PMID- 6981308 TI - Effectiveness of CT in evaluating intrathoracic masses. AB - To compare the effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) with conventional radiography and conventional tomography for evaluating masses in the thorax, 168 masses, 154 of which were histologically verified, which had been examined with CT were reviewed. In 74 instances (44%) CT provided important additional information compared with conventional radiography. Compared to conventional tomography, CT added important information in 15 (23%) of 65 cases. In no case did CT fail to demonstrate pathology shown with the other two methods. Average radiation dose to the chest was 1.3 rad (0.013 Gy) with CT and 0.4 rad (0.004 Gy) with linear tomography. Although CT is associated with slightly greater radiation dose and cost, this review indicates it should be performed directly after plain film examination instead of conventional tomography when further investigation of an intrathoracic mass is indicated. PMID- 6981307 TI - Post-traumatic-shock lung: postmortem microangiographic and pathologic correlation. AB - In post-traumatic-shock lung, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary hypertension are prominent features. The explanation for them was sought by postmortem microangiography of the lungs of 17 patients dying of respiratory failure after trauma. The 10 patients with thoracic injury died earlier (1-8 days). Extravasation of contrast material due to alveolar capillary rupture was present in all but one specimen and occupied 20% of the sampled area. Pulmonary artery thrombi lay proximal to these extravasations. Hypovascular areas due to infection and hemorrhagic alveolitis were found in all patients and involved 40% of the surface area. The small pulmonary arteries were poorly filled and contained many microthrombi. Some patients had hematomas, cavities, and areas of interstitial edema occupying about 5% of the lung area and associated with compressed or occluded vessels. Several mechanisms including pulmonary trauma may be responsible for the antemortem rupture and obstruction of small blood vessels. In the post-traumatic-shock lung, small artery occlusion and compression are associated with pulmonary hemorrhage, infarction, and infection and are important contributors to perfusion abnormalities and respiratory failure. PMID- 6981309 TI - The azygous arch: normal and pathologic CT appearance. PMID- 6981310 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of biliary ascariasis. AB - In a prospective 6 month study, sonographic diagnosis of biliary ascariasis was made in 12 patients: In five, the diagnosis was confirmed by other means, mainly intravenous cholangiography. In three, such confirmation was not sought, but all had proven intestinal infestation. One possible and three definite false-positive diagnoses were made. There were no established false-negative diagnoses. The echogenic, nonshadowing images of the worms were seen in the main bile duct and/or gallbladder as single strips (on one occasion with its digestive tract seen as an anechoic "inner tube"), as multiple strips giving a spaghettilike appearance, as coils, or as more amorphous fragments. Follow-up sonograms were obtained in six patients and showed expulsion of the worms by medical treatment. PMID- 6981311 TI - Sonographic findings in perforation of the gallbladder. AB - The sonographic findings in 13 patients with proven gallbladder perforation are described. Two patients were scanned immediately before and after gallbladder perforation. The sonographic findings before gallbladder perforation were gallbladder distension (one case) and gallbladder wall edema (one case). Pericholecystic collections develop after gallbladder perforation. These collections have a varied sonographic appearance ranging from anechoic to complex collections, and their internal characteristics seem to depend on the duration of the pericholecystic process. The residual gallbladder lumen or calculi can be identified within or peripheral to the pericholecystic process. The most acceptable mechanism for perforation of the gallbladder is: (1) impaction of a calculus in the cystic duct; (2) gallbladder distension due to secretion into its lumen by mucous glands located in the walls of the gallbladder; (3) vascular impairment of the gallbladder due to distension of the viscus; and (4) ischemia, necrosis, and perforation of the gallbladder wall. Gallbladder perforation is a significant complication of acute cholecystitis associated with morbidity and mortality. Detection of this complication of acute cholecystitis by clinical means is difficult since the patient's symptoms are similar to those of uncomplicated acute cholecystitis. The inherent resolution of sonography offers an excellent display of the gallbladder and surrounding tissues allowing detection of pericholecystic collection secondary to gallbladder perforation. PMID- 6981312 TI - Portal vein measurements by real-time sonography. PMID- 6981315 TI - Intussusception: additional observations on the plain radiograph. AB - The plain radiographs of 40 patients with intussusception were reviewed with special attention to diagnostic features previously reported in this condition. Sixty percent of the cases demonstrated a soft-tissue mass on the radiograph. However, fully one-half of all masses were seen only on a horizontal beam radiograph. The use of plain radiographs to exclude the diagnosis of intussusception is not advocated. Nevertheless, attention is drawn to the frequency of abnormal plain findings, especially a soft-tissue mass on the horizontal beam examination. PMID- 6981314 TI - CT screening of the abdomen in von Hippel-Lindau disease. AB - Patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease often develop asymptomatic abdominal manifestations including renal cysts and carcinomas, pheochromocytomas, and pancreatic tumors and cysts. Early detection of renal carcinoma and pheochromocytoma is particularly important. Accordingly, periodic abdominal screening of affected individuals and at-risk family members is necessary. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed in 31 subjects from three families. Fifteen had asymptomatic abdominal manifestations of von Hippel-Lindau disease including renal cysts in 13, renal carcinoma in four, pancreatic cysts in five, and pheochromocytomas in two. CT constitutes an excellent noninvasive screening technique for patients with possible abdominal involvement by von Hippel-Lindau disease. PMID- 6981313 TI - Deceptions in localizing extrahepatic right-upper-quadrant abdominal masses by CT. PMID- 6981316 TI - Disease in the femoral triangle: sonographic appearance. AB - Twenty-nine patients had sonographic evaluation of the femoral triangle because of pain or swelling. The entities diagnosed by sonography were abscesses (seven), cellulitis (three), hematoma (five), nodal enlargement (four), aneurysm of the femoral artery (three), and thrombophlebitis of the femoral vein (seven). Both abscesses and hematomas were poorly defined primarily anechoic masses. Soft tissue swelling but no distinct masses were present in cellulitis, and all cases of adenopathy were well defined anechoic masses. Aneurysms were also primarily well defined, pulsatile, anechoic masses except mycotic aneurysm, which may present as a primarily solid mass. The sonographic features of thrombophlebitis which has received scant attention in the sonographic literature are stressed. Findings suggest a dilated anechoic vein is characteristic of this entity. Although the sonographic findings or clinical data of many of these entities may be nonspecific, when used in combination, the correct diagnosis can usually be obtained. PMID- 6981317 TI - Continuous sonographic monitoring of IUD extraction during pregnancy: preliminary report. AB - The significance of the location of intrauterine contraceptive device in relation to the gestational sac on pregnancy outcome was studied in 13 pregnant women after extraction of the device. Of the seven women (group 1) who had the intrauterine contraceptive device removed after initial localization by sonography, two (28.5%) miscarried. In both cases the device was located cephalad or lateral to the gestational sac. In six women (group 2) continuous sonographic scanning was undertaken to visualize the extraction procedure. Traction on an intrauterine device located laterally (two cases) or cephalad (one case) to the gestational sac was followed by distortion of the sac configuration. Gentle intermittent traction on the contraceptive device resulted in successful extraction procedure. These preliminary observations suggest that pregnancies with an intrauterine contraceptive device located laterally or cephalad to the gestational sac are at greater risk during extraction of the device. Sonographic monitoring of the extraction procedure during pregnancy may minimize the hazards of intrauterine contraceptive device failure. PMID- 6981318 TI - Apparent cornual occlusion in hysterosalpingography: reversal by glucagon. PMID- 6981319 TI - Postmenopausal uterine fluid collection: indicator of carcinoma. AB - Seventeen cases of intrauterine fluid collections in postmenopausal women demonstrated by sonography were collected. Of the 17, 16 (94%) were found to have active carcinoma involving the uterine corpus or cervix. Eleven (65%) had cervical stenosis due to previous surgery, radiation therapy, or carcinoma. The fluid collected was pus, blood, or serous or serosanguineous fluid, and tumor nearly filled the dilated uterine cavity in some cases. The sonographic demonstration of a distended uterine cavity in a postmenopausal woman suggests carcinoma involving the uterus. PMID- 6981320 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of scrotal hernia. PMID- 6981323 TI - Normal and pathologic CT anatomy of the mandible. PMID- 6981322 TI - Computed tomography of the major salivary glands. AB - Forty-eight patients with proven disease of the salivary glands were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Twenty-seven patients had salivary gland neoplasm and all were identified by CT. Fifteen benign tumors appeared as discrete, sharply marginated, high-density masses embedded in an otherwise normal gland. All 15 were correctly identified as benign by CT. There were 12 malignant tumors; 10 were invasive and presented as poorly defined, relatively dense lesions which obliterated and/or transgressed adjacent fat and fascial planes. Two malignant tumors presented as discrete masses and were incorrectly considered to be benign by CT. Twenty-one patients with inflammatory disease of the salivary glands were studied. A variety of patterns were noted, the most common a relatively diffuse, irregular area of increased density in an enlarged gland. Salivary duct calculi, diffuse sialectasis, and enlarged lymph nodes were well demonstrated. Differentiation between focal and inflammatory disease and malignant neoplasm was difficult. Computed tomography may be augmented by coincident sialography, although it is seldom necessary. PMID- 6981321 TI - High-resolution parathyroid sonography. AB - A total of 165 consecutive patients with suspected primary hyperparthyroidism was scanned preoperatively using high-resolution real-time sonography. The sensitivity of the procedure was 69% and the specificity 94% in the localization of individually enlarged parathyroid glands. In the subgroup of 21 patients undergoing reoperation in the neck, the sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 92%, respectively. In patients with a single parathyroid adenoma, there was a close but not linear correlation between sonographic diagnostic accuracy and the size of the adenoma, which in turn was directly related to the serum calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels. High-resolution sonography has become the procedure of choice in our institution for the preoperative localization of enlarged parathyroid glands in the neck. PMID- 6981324 TI - Maturation of normal primate white matter: computed tomographic correlation. AB - Five infant baboons were examined with computed tomography (CT) during the first year of their lives to determine the rate and degree of normal white matter maturation in frontal, occipital, and parietal areas. The increase in CT numbers with age was correlated with gross and histologic specimens. Two phases of maturation were identified: a rapid phase (first 8-12 weeks) and a gradual phase (after 12 weeks). Frontal white matter was the most immature in the immediate postnatal period but it became equal in attenuation to the other regions by 4 weeks of age. Knowledge of white matter maturation rates may be particularly useful in cases of neonatal hypoxia/ischemia where zones of periventricular hypodensity are identified. The failure of such regions to follow a normal rate of maturation may indicate damage to the white matter and have significant prognostic implications. PMID- 6981325 TI - CT of neuroblastomas and ganglioneuromas in children. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has made a profound impact on the diagnosis and treatment of neuroblastomas and ganglioneuromas. The size, location, calcification, composition, and contiguous spread of the tumors has been well demonstrated by CT. CT is essential for their staging, subsequent treatment, and follow-up. Seventy-seven children were reviewed, 67 with neuroblastoma and 10 with ganglioneuroma seen between 1976 and 1980. Fifty-eight had one or more body CT scans, 22 had metrizamide myelography and/or CT metrizamide myelography, and three patients had cranial CT. Intraspinal extension of tumor occurred in 11 instances, several requiring decompressive surgery. A workup plan for optimal use of CT and CT metrizamide myelography was developed from this experience. PMID- 6981327 TI - Shed decidual cast simulating an intrauterine fetus. PMID- 6981326 TI - NMR imaging produces no observable mutations or cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. PMID- 6981328 TI - Spontaneous complete evacuation of barium in a baby with Hirschsprung disease. PMID- 6981329 TI - Tracheal coccidioidomycosis causing upper airway obstruction in children. PMID- 6981330 TI - Positive indium-111 leukocyte scintigraphy in a skeletal metastasis. PMID- 6981331 TI - Sonographic demonstration of bladder duplication. PMID- 6981332 TI - Potential pitfall in CT and sonographic evaluation of suspected lymphoma. PMID- 6981333 TI - Sarcoidosis presenting as a rib fracture. PMID- 6981335 TI - Sump catheter for percutaneous abscess and fluid drainage by trocar or Seldinger technique. PMID- 6981334 TI - Nephrocalcinosis: sonographic detection in Cushing syndrome. PMID- 6981336 TI - A simple, indwelling, biliary endoprosthesis made from commonly available catheter material. PMID- 6981337 TI - Efficacy of glucagon for abdominal digital angiography. PMID- 6981338 TI - Nontapered introducer catheters for embolotherapy. PMID- 6981339 TI - Use of extension tubing in needle aspiration. PMID- 6981340 TI - Health effect of occupational exposure to steady magnetic fields. AB - An observational cross sectional study was conducted to determine if long term exposure to steady magnetic fields of up to 200 Oersteds could be related, on a dose-response basis, to findings of medical examinations. Health data were obtained for 320 workers who spent a major portion of their workday in the magnetic fields produced by the direct current through large electrolytic cells. These data were compared to those for a control group of 186 workers. The vertical and horizontal components of the magnetic fields were measured in each cell room and the time weighted average exposure to magnetic fields was calculated for each job classification. The leukocyte count and the monocyte percent were found to decrease, while the lymphocyte percent was found to increase with increased exposure to the horizontal component of the magnetic field. A slight tendency of both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures to increase with increasing exposure to the vertical component of the magnetic field was found in the black workers in the study. No such effect was found in the other racial groups. No other signs or symptoms were found to depend on magnetic field exposure. PMID- 6981341 TI - Zinc and T-lymphocyte function in hemodialysis patients. AB - Thirteen patients maintained on long-term hemodialysis were studied with respect to their serum zinc concentration and T-lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin. Six patients demonstrated depression of T-cell mitogen response, while seven patients demonstrated a normal response. The mean serum zinc concentration of the patients with abnormal response was lower than those patients with a normal response (63 +/- 11 versus 75 +/- 14 microgram/di, respectively). There was no significant correlation between an individual's serum zinc concentration and T-cell response (r = 0.16). Five patients whose T-cell responses were depressed were given intravenous zinc chloride during each dialysis run for 6 wk (10 mg intravenous zinc, three times weekly) and were evaluated before and after therapy. All five patients remained anergic to four skin tests antigens. Only one patient (who had the lowest pretreatment serum zinc concentration at 48 micrograms/dl) demonstrated significant improvement in mitogen response after zinc therapy. Although dialysis patients commonly have low serum zinc concentrations and depressed mitogen response, in our patients these two findings were generally unrelated. Additionally, supplemental zinc did not change base-line measurements of T-lymphocyte mitogen response in four of five patients studied. PMID- 6981344 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta tarda in a child with hyper-IgE syndrome. AB - A patient had recurrent pyogenic infections, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and repeated long-bone fractures. Her disorder was diagnosed as hyper-IgE syndrome on the basis of clinical data, elevated levels of serum IgE, increased levels of IgE specific for Staphylococcus aureus, and impaired T-lymphocyte function. Roentgenograms confirmed the diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta tarda. The estimated likelihood of both conditions occurring in the same person is approximately one in 10 billion. The coincident finding of bone dysplasia in a patient with impaired T-lymphocyte function suggests a common mechanism for birth defects. PMID- 6981343 TI - Increased numbers of lymphocytes with single class surface immunoglobulins in reactive hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue. AB - Forty-seven lymph nodes and one stomach exhibiting reactive hyperplasia from 40 patients were examined by morphologic and immunologic methods. Twelve lymph nodes and one stomach from ten patients had a significantly increased number (greater than 25%) of lymphocytes, with single class surface immunoglobulins or plasma cells, and plasmacytoid lymphocytes secreting single class immunoglobulins. In three cases, a diagnosis of malignancy was subsequently made on the basis of morphological and immunological evidence of tumor in other tissue. Five patients had collagen disorders, two had a persistent unexplained hypergammaglobulinemia, and two had no recognized associated disease. The significance of an increase of B lymphocytes with single class surface immunoglobulins in these cases is presently not clear, but patients with similar findings should have extensive investigation and persistent follow-up. PMID- 6981342 TI - Subacute vincristine toxicity following five consecutive daily doses. AB - Vincristine (VCR) is commonly included in combinational chemotherapy regimens because of its synergy with a variety of other active agents, as well as its sparing of the hematopoietic system. While acute toxicity is not infrequently reported, a recent experience in an adult who received five consecutive daily doses of VCR (1.0 mg/m2) in conjunction with two other drugs led to a sequence of life-threatening toxicities which were not obviously ameliorated by folinic acid rescue as has been recently advocated. The increasing administration of protocol chemotherapy by practitioners in the community, who may not be especially familiar with the particular agents in a given regimen, suggests such errors may become more common. PMID- 6981345 TI - Immune function in pure iron deficiency. AB - Immunologic studies were performed in ten iron-deficient children, aged 12 to 30 months, before and after iron replacement. Chronic infection, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiency were excluded. Mean hemoglobin levels went from 8.2 +/- 0.2 (SEM) to 12.3 +/- 0.3 g/dL after iron replacement. Mean T-cell percentage increased from 50% +/- 3.0% to 58% +/- 3.7%. Absolute numbers of T cells were unchanged. Three children converted negative in vitro proliferative responses to Candida or tetanus antigen. Mean stimulation indexes increased for Candida (6.8 +/- 1.7 to 17.9 +/- 6.7) and tetanus (19.5 +/- 6.0 to 31.7 +/- 8.5). Nine of 16 delayed hypersensitivity skin tests were positive before and ten of ten were positive after iron therapy. The IgG and IgA levels did not change significantly, but IgM levels decreased from 181 +/- 13 to 128 +/- 5 mg/dL. We conclude that T cell immunity is slightly impaired in pure iron deficiency and that these subtle defects can be corrected with oral iron replacement. PMID- 6981346 TI - Pseudo relapse of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis due to echovirus type 5. PMID- 6981347 TI - Left-sided portal hypertension from pancreatic pseudotumor. AB - Involvement of the splenic venous outflow tract by pancreatic disease can cause localized splenic venous hypertension and esophageal varices. Resolution of this problem resides in splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy or perhaps splenectomy alone. Although this phenomenon most commonly arises from thrombosis of the splenic vein by adjacent pancreatitis, we report a case arising from nonocclusive obstruction of the splenic vein by an adjacent pancreatic pseudotumor. PMID- 6981348 TI - Idiopathic portal hypertension. AB - A 60-yr old Italian woman presented with repeated gastrointestinal hemorrhages due to ruptured esophageal varices. No evidence of liver disease could be demonstrated by laboratory tests or by multiple liver biopsies. Angiography revealed a patent portal trunk and the presence of esophageal varices. A side-to side portacaval shunt was performed, which caused the disappearance of the esophageal varices. There was no recurrent digestive hemorrhage during a 24-month follow-up. A mild deterioration of liver function was demonstrated by laboratory data 16 months after surgical operation and some mild episodes of hepatic encephalopathy occurred. This case can be considered an example of idiopathic portal hypertension, a rare pathological condition with a higher prevalence in certain geographical areas. Its etiology is not known. One important aspect of this entity is its potential to evaluate the effects of surgical portacaval shunt procedure in the absence of liver damage. PMID- 6981349 TI - Indications for platelet transfusion in children with acute leukemia. AB - In an attempt ot determine the indications for platelet transfusion in thrombocytopenic patients, we randomized 56 children with acute leukemia to one of two regimens of platelet transfusion. The prophylactic group received platelets when the platelet count fell below 20,000 per mm3 irrespective of clinical events. The therapeutic group was transfused only when significant bleeding occurred and not for thrombocytopenia alone. The time to first bleeding episode was significantly longer and the number of bleeding episodes were significantly reduced in the prophylactic group. The survival curves of the two groups could not be distinguished from each other. Prior to the last month of life, the total number of days on which bleeding was present was significantly reduced by prophylactic therapy. However, in the terminal phase (last month of life), the duration of bleeding episodes was significantly longer in the prophylactic group. This may have been due to a higher incidence of immunologic refractoriness to platelet transfusion. Because of this terminal bleeding, comparison of the two groups for total number of days on which bleeding was present did not show a significant difference over the entire study period. PMID- 6981350 TI - DR antigen positive monocyte-macrophages control granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity and burst promoting activity elaboration in man. AB - To investigate the mechanisms that modulate granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (GM-CSA) and burst promoting activity (BPA) elaboration, we studied human peripheral blood-derived monocyte-macrophage (M0) and T-lymphocyte (TL) interaction. Coincubation of live M0 with autologous TL at a 1:3 ratio in the presence of 1% phytohemagglutinin synergistically increased GM-CSA (6 of 6 experiments) and BPA (4 of 6 experiments) (P less than 0.002). Prior treatment of M0 with cycloheximide or actinomycin D significantly (P less than 0.002) diminished this M0's capacity to collaborate with TL. Mitomycin C treatment did not. Live M0 also enhanced TL-derived GM-CSA (P less than 0.002) and BPA (P less than 0.001). This enhancement was again compromised by prior cycloheximide or actinomycin D treatment, but not by mitomycin C treatment. Further experiments in which we blocked DR antigen on M0 membrane with monoclonal anti-DR antibodies suggested that M0 required their membrane DR antigen to collaborate with TL in elaborating GM-CSA and BPA. PMID- 6981352 TI - 'The life of every creature...'---a case of patient's rights. PMID- 6981351 TI - Sacroiliitis in the Old Order Amish. AB - In a study designed to clarify the relationship of HLA-B27 and sacroiliitis, 45 members of seven Old Order Amish families were thoroughly evaluated for sacroiliitis. The primary study group was three sibs who carried HLA-B27 and three of their sibs who inherited the alternate non-B27 haplotype, their spouses and offspring. The seventh B27 positive family was more distantly related. The study was undertaken with no prior knowledge of disease in these families. These families represented all the B27-positive subjects who had been ascertained up to the time the study began. In these selected families, 24% of the members were found to have sacroiliitis, irrespective of whether they were B27 positive. Analysis of the relevance of HLA to disease in this kindred was confounded by the presence of Bw39 and B17, antigens associated with psoriatic arthritis. However, not all B27-negative cases possessed one or both of these specificities. Rather than clarifying the relationship of B27 to disease, this study, in a highly consanguineous kindred, indicated that other nonlinked loci may be epistatic to B27, that other HLA alleles may be involved, or that certain causes are more prevalent in the Amish than in the non-Amish population. PMID- 6981353 TI - The expression of surface antigen Leu 1 by ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms. AB - Leu 1 is a surface membrane antigen expressed by benign systemic T cells, most cases of B-cell-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and approximately one half of the systemic B-cell lymphomas. Benign systemic B cells are Leu 1-. Our studies showed that the percentage of Leu 1+ cells was essentially the same as the percentage of OKT3+E+ (T) cells in six ocular adnexal pseudolymphomas, strongly suggesting that the benign B cells in these lesions were similarly Leu 1-. These studies also showed that malignant B cells in six of 15 (40%) ocular B-cell lymphomas were Leu 1+. Thus, the expression of Leu 1 by some malignant ocular adnexal B cells but not by benign ocular adnexal B cells appears to be analogous to the situation for lymph nodal and other systemic B cells. Although the explanation for the existence of this shared determinant is unknown, Leu 1 expression may possess clinical and diagnostic significance as a marker of neoplastic B cells. PMID- 6981354 TI - Warthin's tumor: a functional immunologic study of the lymphoid cell component. AB - The origin and nature of the lymphoid cell component of Warthin's tumor are controversial. The present report describes the application of immunologic functional testing to the study of Warthin's tumor lymphocytes. Numbers of B and T cells are comparable to those of other lymph nodes. A vigorous stimulatory response to phytohemagglutinin reflects the predominance of functional T cells. These findings, in conjunction with morphologic observations, support the concept that the lymphoid component of Warthin's tumor is derived from a pre-existing lymph node. PMID- 6981355 TI - Ramsay Hunt syndrome: a cranial polyneuropathy. PMID- 6981356 TI - Adenosine deaminase positive, E receptor negative lymphoma. AB - The measurement of enzymatic activity in the blast cell is a recent investigational technique which seems to complement immunologic measurement of cell membrane receptors in childhood lymphoproliferative malignancies. We have identified a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, not readily classifiable on the basis of either morphology or cell surface markers, i.e., E rosette and SIg negative, EAC positive. Analysis of enzymatic function, however, revealed markedly elevated ADA activity and essentially normal TdT activity. ADA positive lymphoma can arise from a primitive T-cell line. It is, thus, apparent that the morphological description of malignant lymphoid lines must be accompanied by surface marker and enzymatic data in order to properly classify cell lineage and identify appropriate therapeutic modalities. PMID- 6981357 TI - The use of subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoirs for the prevention and treatment of meningeal relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoirs (Ommaya) were placed in 27 children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Eleven of the reservoirs were used for administration of preventive central nervous system therapy and the remaining 16 reservoirs were used in the management of overt meningeal leukemia. Seven of the 11 patients treated prophylactically had recurrence of leukemia. The first site of recurrence was the central nervous system in three (42%) cases. Four of the 16 patients with reservoirs placed for the treatment of overt meningeal leukemia have not had recurrent disease. Of the 12 patients who relapsed, the site of first recurrence was the central nervous system in five cases. The incidence of major complications was 26%. PMID- 6981358 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease and selective IgA deficiency. AB - The clinical and laboratory features of a child with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and IgA deficiency and his family are presented. Bactericidal and NBT dye reduction studies confirmed the diagnosis of CGD in the patient and the carrier state in the mother. No other family member had IgA deficiency. The manifestations of the IgA deficiency include multiple autoimmune antibodies, progressive pulmonary dysfunction but no gastrointestinal or rheumatoid symptoms. The etiology of the IgA deficiency appears to be a failure in terminal B cell differentiation as evidenced by the presence of normal numbers of IgA bearing cells detected by a fluorescent monospecific antisera, a normal profile of T cell subpopulations, normal responses to the mitogens PHA, Con A, PWM, and antigens C. albicans, E. coli, and S. aureus, and the absence of suppressor cell activity in co-culture assays. The significance of the association of these two disorders is discussed. PMID- 6981359 TI - Cyclic hematopoiesis: etiological concepts. Clinical research update. AB - The cellular elements of the blood are normally maintained in a remarkable steady state. However, in human patients with cyclic neutropenia and in a putative animal model--canine cyclic hematopoiesis--the formed elements oscillate with constant regularity. The clocklike precision of the cycles implies a strong regulatory control failure. Since an understanding of the pathogenesis of these events could enhance our perception of normal and abnormal regulatory mechanisms, we have undertaken briefly to review current concepts regarding the possible etiologies of cyclic hematopoiesis. PMID- 6981361 TI - [Whole body oxygen uptake in coronary artery bypass surgery (author's transl)]. AB - In 10 patients who underwent aorto-coronary bypass operations haemodynamic parameters and whole body oxygen uptake were monitored, beginning after induction of anaesthesia, during extracorporeal circulation and the postoperative period up to 5 h. In the intensive care unit a new device for the continuous measurement of whole body oxygen uptake from expired gases was used. For anaesthesia constant doses of fentanyl (10 micrograms/kg/h) and nitrous oxide were given. These were supplemented by low concentrations of halothane and nitroglycerine if hypertension occurred. Before extracorporeal circulation hypertensive states were observed in 8 cases and were effectively controlled without compromising tissue oxygenation. During extracorporeal circulation oxygen consumption was reduced more than could be explained only by the effects of hypothermia, indicating a limited shock state. Within the first postoperative hour the total peripheral resistance increased more than during the whole operation, impairing cardiac function at low levels of oxygen uptake. Thereafter a rise in metabolism was seen, partially induced by shivering which led to a marked (235% of control) increase in whole body oxygen uptake. This was accompanied by a reduction of the total peripheral resistance and an improvement of cardiac function. No acidosis was observed. Artificial ventilation is mandatory until metabolic demands have normalized. Noninvasive continuous monitoring of whole body oxygen uptake was useful for the assessment of cardiovascular function, increased postoperative metabolic demands, early detection of hypovolaemia and weaning from artificial ventilation. PMID- 6981363 TI - A single-step method to concentrate and desalt proteins which is also useful for determination of detergent binding to membrane proteins. PMID- 6981362 TI - [Metabolic changes following aorto-coronary bypass operations (author's transl)]. AB - Metabolic changes following aorto-coronary bypass operations were observed in 10 patients. The observation time included the preoperative day, the day of operation, and 4 postoperative days. The patients were treated with a 5% dextrose solution for a period of 2 or 3 days. Additional oral feeding beginning on the 2nd or 3rd postoperative day was possible. This spontaneous calorie and nitrogen intake was estimated. There was an urea-nitrogen loss of 6.9 +/- 3.2 g (S.D.) on the day of operation and of 13.5 +/- 6.3 g (S.D.) the 4th postoperative day. From these values the nitrogen balance was calculated to be -8 g (operation day) and 11 g (4th p.o. day). Concentrations of the plasma pseudocholinesterases, the prealbumin, and the retinolbinding protein fell significantly to lower than normal values. Glucose utilisation was severely depressed on the day of operation. There were massive losses of potassium of about 140 +/- 41 mmol (S.D.) on the day of operation and the 1st postoperative day. Serum zinc levels were significantly below normal for 2 postoperative days combined with a high urinary excretion. The increase of free fatty acids in serum postoperatively was within normal values. PMID- 6981360 TI - Aspirin in the prevention of painful intravenous injection of disoprofol (ICI35,868) and diazepam (Valium). PMID- 6981365 TI - Clinical significance of screening for antibody to ribonucleoprotein. AB - Of more than 1500 sera screened for antinuclear antibody 13 were positive for antiribonucleoprotein (RNP). Nine patients had either systemic lupus erythematosus or mixed connective tissue disease. Four other had no significant medical problems. The detection of anti-RNP antibody does not have diagnostic specificity and may not indicate active collagen disease. PMID- 6981364 TI - [Effect of electroacupuncture and electroacupuncture combined with narcotic analgesics on the summation-threshold index in freely moving rats]. PMID- 6981366 TI - [Immunity in hypothyroid children (author's transl)]. AB - For a long time investigators have focused attention on the relationship between specific immunity and hormones. In the present paper, authors investigated on 26 children, 9 males and 17 females, from 9 months to 14 and 10/12 years old, with primary hypothyroidism. All patients were in substitutive treatment. The following studies were done to all the patients: serum IgG, IgA, IgM and complement. Blood lymphocyte counts, percentages of B and T lymphocytes, as well as the response of lymphocytes to PHA. Skin tests were also carried out: tuberculin, candidin and streptokinase-streptodornase. All results obtained in both, hypothyroid and control groups fell within the range of normal age-matched values for our laboratory, and by results of statistics studies carried out they were considered of little significance, except the percentage of circulating B lymphocytes that was lower in hypothyroid group (p less than or equal to 0.01). PMID- 6981370 TI - Syndromes with congenital cataract (Conradi-Hunerman syndrome): a case report. PMID- 6981368 TI - The need for cardiac catheterization and angiography in valvular heart disease is not disproven. AB - Valve replacement is the most important advance in the management of patients with valvular heart disease, but it cannot be recommended to all patients with valve disease. Cardiac catheterization and angiography, done before surgery, yield valuable and essential information in evaluating these patients. The claim of certain studies that cardiac catheterization and angiography are not needed in these patients cannot be accepted because: The experimental method of these studies was inappropriate; the accuracy and reproducibility of noninvasive techniques in diagnosing the presence and severity of all valve lesions, coronary arterial obstruction, and prosthetic malfunction are not documented; and the studies provide no proof that patients with severe valve disease were not denied surgery, and that patients with mild disease did not have unnecessary operations. Prospective studies that are well designed, well conducted, and scientifically sound are needed. Cardiac catheterization and angiography remain the standard techniques for evaluating patients for valve replacement. PMID- 6981369 TI - Electron microscopic studies of primary band-shaped keratopathy and gelatinous, drop-like corneal dystrophy in two brothers. AB - We present here a case of bilateral primary band-shaped keratopathy that changed into a gelatinous, drop-like dystrophy over two years. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the literature. In the first examination of the right eye, histologic evidence revealed no amyloid deposits and the presence of disorganized collagen lamellae with a high-density amorphous substance. The left corneal disc, obtained two years after the first and second examinations, revealed an agglomeration of amyloid fibrils in the subepithelial portion. PMID- 6981371 TI - [Evaluation of rosette E in patients with endometrial carcinoma (longitudinal study of 43 cases)]. PMID- 6981373 TI - [Electrophoretic alpha 1-antitrypsin variation in the Swiss population]. AB - Two Swiss populations (population 1: Switzerland, n = 1041; population 2: population of the mountain village of Torbel, n = 273) have been phenotyped in the Pi-system (alpha 1-antitrypsin system) by isoelectrofocusing (pH 4-6 and 4-5, Ampholine plates). 20 Pi-phenotypes have been detected, which are genetically determined by at least 9 alleles. In population 1 (Switzerland) 17 Pi-phenotypes have been found, among them the relatively rare Pi-phenotypes Pi M1T, Pi M1F, Pi M1I, Pi M2S, Pi M2I, Pi M3M3, Pi M3F, Pi SS, Pi SF, Pi SZ and Pi ZZ. The detection of the PiT-allele and of the clinically relevant phenotype Pi ZZ in this population requires a special interest. The relatively isolated population 2 (Torbel) in the Swiss Alps seems to be characterized by a lower number of Pi phenotypes and by an increased frequency of the PiE-allele compared to the whole Swiss population. Detailed data about the demography and the history of this population strengthen the hypothesis that in particular genetic drift (founder principle) and isolation are responsible for this significant distribution of the Pi-phenotypes. PMID- 6981367 TI - Mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - There are three major mechanisms of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to beta lactam antibiotics: enzyme mediated (penicillinase or beta-lactamase) by which the antibiotic is inactivated; intrinsic, which is not due to drug inactivation, and accounts for methicillin-resistance; and tolerance, in which there is a dissociation of the inhibitory and killing actions of beta-lactam antibiotics. In enzyme-mediated resistance, there are at least three different staphylococcal beta-lactamases, which probably account for differences in the inoculum effect with different cephalosporins. The intrinsic resistance is associated with differences in the affinity of beta-lactams for penicillin-binding proteins, but intrinsic resistance is probably more complex, because the pH of the medium, chelating agents, visible light, and temperature also effect its expression. Tolerance is clearly due to decreased autolytic enzyme activity (reflecting persistence of an enzyme inhibitor) of those tolerant organisms that need 32 (or more) times as much antibiotic for a bactericidal effect as for simple inhibition. PMID- 6981372 TI - A review of methods for relief of postoperative pain. AB - Methods available for the relief of postoperative pain are reviewed. The use of intermittent injections of morphine is likely to remain the established method and suggestions are made for its more effective use. Newer methods are discussed in terms of their expense and the effects on medical and nursing workload. It is suggested that nurses trained in pain relief methods could greatly improve the relief of pain following operation. PMID- 6981374 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Gardnerella vaginalis and Bacteroides organisms, associated with nonspecific vaginitis, to sulfonamide preparations. AB - Recent reports suggest that anaerobic Bacteroides organisms are frequently found with Gardnerella vaginalis in nonspecific vaginitis. Specimens taken from 96 women with vaginal discharge were tested simultaneously for these organisms. G. vaginalis was found in 73% of the specimens, Bacteroides was found in 53%, and both organisms were found in 47%. Sulfonamides have been widely used in the successful treatment of vaginitis. Paradoxically, G. vaginalis is reported to be resistant, and it has been suggested that it could be the vehicle of the drugs which effects the cure. Little is known of the susceptibility of vaginal anaerobes to the sulfonamides. G. vaginalis and Bacteroides isolates were therefore tested in vitro against the individual excipients of sulfonamide tablets, and minimal inhibitory concentration tests were also performed against the three active drugs. The excipients had no effect on G. vaginalis, but Bacteroides strains were susceptible to the urea component. All strains of both organisms were susceptible to at least two of the three sulfonamides at high concentrations. PMID- 6981375 TI - In vitro activity of apalcillin compared with that of other new penicillins and anti-Pseudomonas cephalosporins. AB - Apalcillin, a naphthydridine derivative of ampicillin, was compared with ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial isolates and with cefsulodin and tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimal concentrations of apalcillin at which 50 and 90% of hospital isolates of Escherichia coli were inhibited were similar to those of mezlocillin and piperacillin (1.6 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively). Apalcillin had minimal inhibitory concentrations similar to those of piperacillin against Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter diversus. Against Klebsiella, apalcillin inhibited 50% of organisms at a concentration of 6.3 micrograms/ml, similar to piperacillin. The activity of apalcillin against Enterobacter (E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, and E. agglomerans) was similar to that of mezlocillin and piperacillin and greater than that of ticarcillin. The activity of apalcillin against Proteus mirabilis was similar to that of the other agents, as was its activity against indole-positive Proteus and Providencia. Only 40% of Serratia were inhibited at an apalcillin concentration of 25 micrograms/ml. Apalcillin was as active as piperacillin but twofold less active than cefoxitin or moxalactam against Bacteroides fragilis. It was as active as piperacillin, cefoperazone, and cefsulodin against P. aeruginosa (apalcillin inhibited 90% of organisms at a concentration of 25 mg/ml). There was an inoculum effect and a difference in the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration with beta-lactamase strains. Apalcillin was hydrolyzed by plasmid beta-lactamase but not as well by cephalosporinases. PMID- 6981376 TI - In vitro antagonism of beta-lactam antibiotics by cefoxitin. AB - We assessed the extent and mechanisms of antagonism of beta-lactam antibiotics by cefoxitin. In tests with 41 gram-negative isolates, cefoxitin antagonized cephalothin, cefamandole, cefsulodin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, ampicillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin, and azlocillin, but not cephalexin, mecillinam, or N-formimidoyl thienamycin. The extent of antagonism varied with the beta-lactam and genus studied. However, antagonism occurred most often with strains possessing inducible cephalosporinases. Antagonism of cephalothin and cefamandole correlated closely with the induction of beta-lactamases capable of inactivating these drugs. Although antagonism of the remaining drugs occurred more often with strains possessing inducible beta-lactamases, these enzymes did not inactivate the drugs. Morphological studies revealed that cefoxitin inhibited filamentation and lysis produced by various beta-lactam drugs. Results of this investigation suggest that cefoxitin antagonizes beta-lactams via (i) induction of drug-inactivating beta-lactamases, and (ii) the induction of beta-lactamases that cannot inactivate the drug but serve as barriers against access to target proteins. This barrier appears most efficient for drugs that bind to penicillin binding proteins 1 and 3. PMID- 6981379 TI - Cortical-evoked responses before and after percutaneous thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion. Preliminary report. AB - Percutaneous thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion allows a good preservation of facial touch sensation with a complete and immediate regression of the symptomatology in a majority of cases. Neurophysiological bases are the peculiar resistance to the thermal lesion of the large myelinated fibers compared to the relatively smaller fibers. The study of the cortical-evoked responses before and after surgery suggests that the afferent volley travels in preference along these large myelinated fibers. PMID- 6981378 TI - Transdermal transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation for pain: the search for an optimal waveform. AB - A search has been made for an optimal wave form for transcutaneous nerve stimulation for pain. The effect of electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves was studied as a model because (1) this system has small diameter axons, as do nociceptive fibers, and (2) alteration of activity in sympathetic fibers may be evaluated objectively by observing the effects upon circulation. A transcutaneously applied waveform was found which influenced circulation maximally, suggesting that sympathetic nerves were affected by the transdermal stimulation. The hypothesis that these stimulation parameters might be optimal for pain relief was tested. Relief of 40% or more was obtained in 68% of 2,800 patients suffering from chronic pain of diverse origin, utilizing this waveform. PMID- 6981377 TI - Failure of Padac test strips to detect staphylococcal beta-lactamase. AB - Padac test strips failed to detect the production of beta-lactamase by 10 strains of penicillin-resistant staphylococci. PMID- 6981380 TI - Interaction of methotrexate poly(L-lysine) with transformed hepatic cells in culture. PMID- 6981382 TI - Cutaneous immunoglobulin deposition in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - We studied the skin of six patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) to determine if there is cutaneous deposition of complement and immunoglobulins in PBC. We also investigated serum samples from these patients for the presence of circulating antibodies against nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Three of five patients demonstrated immunoglobulins (IgM or IgG) or complement (C3) deposition at the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) in clinically normal, light-protected skin. Two of six patients had 2- to 5-mm papular-pustular skin lesions as a manifestation of PBC. Serological studies in these patients disclosed low antinuclear antibody titers in three patients and anti-single-stranded DNA antibody titers in the two patients with skin lesions. These histological, immunofluorescent, and serological findings offer further evidence of the occurrence of circulating immune complexes in at least some patients with PBC. PMID- 6981384 TI - The influence of cigarette smoking and age on bone loss in men. AB - Hand X-rays were examined among 341 healthy male participants (age 40-80 yr) of the Normative Aging Study who had two successive X-rays 3 to 5 yr apart. Bone density was estimated at midshaft of the second metacarpal as percent cortical area. As expected, cross-sectional analysis revealed a decrease in percent cortical area with age. Current smokers tended to have slightly lower percent cortical areas than "never" smokers. When participants were followed longitudinally over a 3 to 5 year period, a trend toward greater bone loss with increasing age was generally observed in both smoking status groups, although smokers' rate of loss after age 55 yr deviated slightly from this pattern. Current smokers under age 55 yr consistently showed greater bone loss than never smokers. PMID- 6981381 TI - Differential extraction and structural specificity of specialized ubiquinone molecules in secondary electron transfer in chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, Ga. PMID- 6981383 TI - Pseudomonas infection, allergy, and cystic fibrosis. AB - The clinical significance of the high prevalence of positive immediate skin tests in cystic fibrosis is unclear. Using analysis of variance, we have tested the hypothesis that patients with allergic cystic fibrosis have worse lung disease than non-allergic patients. Clinical data, skin prick tests, total or specific IgE antibody levels, chest radiographs, and pulmonary function tests were obtained in 104 cystic fibrosis patients. Patients with positive immediate skin reactions to at least one allergen were more likely to be persistently colonised by Pseudomonas aeruginosa than skin test negative patients. The skin test positive patients were also significantly older (mean difference 2.15 years). Analysis of variance showed that pseudomonas infection was the most significant factor contributing to lung damage and the effect of allergy was not significant. Similar longitudinal analysis of pulmonary function over 5 years and study of the hospital admission rate showed that the only statistically significant factor associated with deterioration was colonisation with P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6981385 TI - Prognostic value of anti-dsDNA in SLE. AB - In a prospective longitudinal study 130 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied at least monthly for a relationship between the anti-dsDNA levels and disease activity. We observed 13 patients who developed 15 periods of exacerbations of their disease. All 15 exacerbations were preceded by a continuous increase of the anti-dsDNA levels. In 13 of the 15 exacerbations studied the exacerbation was preceded by an increase of anti-dsDNA with a doubling time (T2) of less than 6 weeks; in 4 of the 5 other exacerbations the T2 was less than 10 weeks. Four other patients with an increase of the anti-dsDNA levels showed no exacerbation. In these 4 patients the T2 was larger than 10 weeks. The other 113 patients did not show an increase of anti-dsDNA over the 2 years of monitoring and showed no signs of serious disease activity (no major symptoms). These observations suggest that an SLE patient who is followed up frequently and who shows a continuous increase of anti-dsDNA witha T2 shorter than 10 weeks is bound to develop an exacerbation. PMID- 6981387 TI - Association of HLA-Aw31 and HLA-DR1 with adult rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-nine Israeli Jewish patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied for their HLA A, B, C, DR antigen frequency. A significant increase in HLA Aw31 and HLA DR1 was observed (p less than 5.10(-5) and p less than 5.10(-3) respectively). 45% of Aw31 positive patients were sero-negative for rheumatoid factor, while most HLA DR1 positive individuals were seropositive. DR5 was found to be significantly decreased (p less than 5.10(-4)). Contrary to previous reports, DRw4 was found to be within the range of antigen frequency of the controls (34.7% vs. 32%). It is suggested that in our population of patients Aw31 and DR1 and not DR4 are highly associated with adult onset of RA. PMID- 6981389 TI - HLA B27, ankylosing spondylitis, and some normal rabbit sera. PMID- 6981390 TI - Thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6981388 TI - IgE and IgE-rheumatoid factors in circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The sera of 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 11 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 20 healthy subjects were analysed for the presence of IgE in immune complex fractions. These fractions were isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation and gel filtration. Thirteen sera from RA patients contained IgE immune complexes (IC) and 11 of these were from patients with extra-articular manifestations. One SLE and none of the control sera contained such material. The serum IgE level did not correlate with IgE content of the IC fractions. Higher mean serum IgE levels were found in RA patients with extra-articular complications than in controls or RA patients with joint disease only, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. IgE anti-rabbit IgG (IgE rheumatoid factors) could be demonstrated in some IgE positive IC fractions. Antibodies to IgE, in 2 instances characterised as belonging to IgG class, were also found in ICs. This suggests the presence of anti IgE complexes. It is suggested that IgE, including some with rheumatoid factor activity, is contained in complexes which may be involved in some extra-articular manifestations of RA. PMID- 6981386 TI - Studies on autoantibodies to poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) in SLE and other autoimmune diseases. AB - Sera from 41 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 87 controls with various diseases, and 30 normal subjects were examined for poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) and ds DNA binding. Elevated levels of poly (ADP-ribose) binding were found in 73% of the SLE patients compared with 58% who had raised ds DNA binding. In a further study of 160 sera from 27 patients with SLE, levels of antipoly (ADP-ribose) antibodies were shown to correlate with clinical activity better than either anti-ds DNA or ss DNA antibodies. PMID- 6981391 TI - Inhibitory mechanism of methamphetamine in the isolated myocardium of bullfrog. AB - In the isolated heart of the bullfrog, both the spontaneous contractile force of the atrium and the electrically-induced contractile force of the ventricle were enhanced by the initial administration of methamphetamine. However, a second administration of the drug caused a dose-dependent negative inotropic effect. The methamphetamine-induced positive inotropic effect was reduced or abolished by either practolol or cocaine pre-treatment. The negative inotropic effect of methamphetamine was markedly attenuated after theophylline or practolol pre treatment, but was not affected by cocaine, atropine and phentolamine pre treatment. Methamphetamine caused a slight decrease of the adenylatecyclase activity of the intact myocardium. It also inhibited not only the cardiac excitation (contractile force and rate) but also the facilitation of adenylatecyclase activity induced by isoproterenol. A slight reduction of the methamphetamine-induced ventricular inhibition was observed by increasing the external calcium concentration; however, the inhibition was not affected by MnCl2 or verapamil pre-treatment. From these results, it is suggested that the inhibitory effect of methamphetamine on the heart may be produced through the blocking of post-synaptic beta-adrenoceptors. PMID- 6981393 TI - [Determination of the sterility of nystatin and Natamycin by UV spectrophotometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981392 TI - [Effect of intravenous administration of cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, on postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding in neurosurgical cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981394 TI - [Characterization of lymphocytic cells infiltrating into the follicular epithelial lining in chronic thyroiditis in humans (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981395 TI - [Augmentation of lymphocyte transformation by human dializable transfer factor and its target cell (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981397 TI - [Clinical study on autoimmune diseases associated with pneumoconioses (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981396 TI - [Regulation of human IgE production in vitro. I. IgE production by peripheral blood lymphocytes and its B cell tolerance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6981398 TI - [Development of the lymphatic follicles and the differentiation of splenic lymphocytes in the human fetus]. AB - Spleens of more than 100 human fetuses at the age of 5-34 weeks of development have been studied by means of immunofluorescent methods to identify T- and B lymphocytes. The spleen lymphatic follicles are detected at the 12th-14th weeks of the embryonal development. Within the same range of time in the mononuclear suspension of the organ T- and B-lymphocytes are defined. The critical period is stated when certain density of lymphocytes and the portion of T- and B lymphocytes is established in the organ and it is not changed up to the end of embryogenesis. After the 22nd week, the reticular stroma of the lymphatic follicle acquires a complex structure. The following zones can be determined in it: the periarterial where thymus-dependent cells are situated, the zone where thymus-independent cells are situated and the marginal zone surrounding the whole lymphatic follicle. PMID- 6981399 TI - [Corneal pigmentation after removal of the eye in Rana temporaria L. larvae]. AB - Pigmentation of the cornea has been studied in the Rana temporaria larvae at the 22d-27th stages of development macroscopically (total corneal preparations with the surrounding skin) and microscopically. Dynamics of the pigment cells transfer that fill the transparent cornea is compared to the histological rearrangement of the latter. The corneal pigmentation is demonstrated to occur with a constant velosity and is well described by means of the linear regression equation. At initial stages of transformation, the corneal pigmentation overtakes the histological processes, then the two processes run in parallel and only towards the metamorphosis period the corneal histological changes slightly overtake the pigmentation process. As a whole, the pigment cells arrangement demonstrates the transformation degree of the external corneal into the skin after the eye has been extirpated. A suggestion is made explaining the necessity of a constant inducing retinal influence on the skin in Anura larvae. PMID- 6981401 TI - Intermittent touch syndrome. AB - Intermittent touch of a pseudophakos to the corneal endothelium is heralded by three signs: ciliary flush, (local) corneal dystrophy, and cystoid macular edema. This syndrome is often missed, and should be ruled out whenever any one of these three signs is detected. Once diagnosed, elimination of the touch should be accomplished promptly. If discovered early, the syndrome may be reversed. PMID- 6981400 TI - Plasminogen activator activity in the subunits of mouse submandibular gland nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor. AB - The 7S nerve-growth factor (7S NGF), high molecular weight epidermal growth factor (HMW-EGF) and their subunits were isolated from mouse submandibular gland. Plasminogen activator activity was found in the 7S NGF and HMW-EGF, as well as in the gamma subunit and EGF-binding protein. Later activities were two- or three fold higher than those of original growth factors. The alpha subunit, beta subunit and low molecular weight EGF showed no activity. The gamma 1, gamma 2 and gamma 3 subunits of 7S NGF showed plasminogen activator activity almost equal to that of the original gamma subunit. PMID- 6981402 TI - Perilymphatic and endolymphatic PO2. Variations during anoxia, hyperoxia, and hypercapnia. AB - Cochlear microcirculation was studied with oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes simultaneously in all three scalas during anoxia, hyperoxia, and hypercapnia. The anoxia caused a sharp decline of Po2 in the scala media (SM), scala vestibuli (SV), and scala tympani (ST). Hyperoxia and hypercapnia resulted in an elevation of Po2 in all three scalas. During anoxia, the SM showed the earliest and largest decline in Po2, with the shortest recovery and reoxygenation time. When Po2 slopes (during anoxia) were compared, the SM to ST and the SM to SV were substantially different and remained different even when the partial pressures of oxygen quantified as oxygen in nanomoles. Our experiments also showed that changes in Po2 within the SM closely correlate with changes of endocochlear potential and BP. PMID- 6981403 TI - Biochemical and anthropometric determinants of serum beta- and pre-beta lipoproteins in children. Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - A special in-depth substudy was conducted on 388 children from a total biracial (black-white) population, who were stratified on levels of serum beta- and pre beta-lipoprotein cholesterol to explore factors associated with lipoprotein levels in childhood. Biochemical parameters on venous blood samples were obtained both on fasting subjects and after an abbreviated glucose tolerance test, along with selected anthropometric measures like height, weight, and skinfolds. Biochemical and anthropometric relationships were minimal for children with elevated beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and low pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol. On the other hand, children with higher levels of pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, with or without elevated beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, showed associations with fatness and slightly higher levels of glucose and insulin, with other biochemical parameters considered within normal levels. These differences noted among free-living children with different levels of serum lipoproteins provide clues to mechanisms involved in the early natural history of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6981404 TI - Metabolism of Babesia parasites in vitro. Glucose and energy-metabolism and survival of Babesia rodhaini in a basal medium with and without adenosine. AB - During in vitro incubation in Krebs Ringer phosphate (KRP) medium, rat erythrocytes about 20% parasitized with B. rodhaini used two to four times as much glucose as unparasitized erythrocytes. However, the AtP concentration and the ATP production of parasitized erythrocytes decreased. For example, before incubation the ATP concentration in parasitized erythrocytes was significantly higher thant unparasitized erythrocytes, but following 0.5 h incubation it was reduced to about the same as in unparasitized erythrocytes. Addition of 5 X 10( 3) M adenosine to the basal medium increased the ATP production and the adenylate energy charge of parasitized erythrocytes. Infectivity tests in susceptible mice showed that, despite these seemingly favourable changes in energy metabolism, adenosine had no detectable effect on the survival of B. rodhaini. Absence of infectivity showed the inability of KRP medium to support B. rodhaini for 22 h in vitro with or without adenosine. Adenosine also greatly decreased the glucose uptake by parasitized erythrocytes, apparently by competitive inhibition, since lactate production was unchanged. PMID- 6981407 TI - Exclusion of leukaemic meningitis by quantitation of T and B lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) is rare. However, when a patient with CLL presented with meningeal symptoms and a high CSF lymphocyte count in the absence of identifiable infection, meningeal leukaemia was considered the most likely diagnosis. Subsequent quantitation of T and B lymphocytes in the blood and CSF was found to be a most valuable aid in excluding the diagnosis, and later a cryptococcal infection was proven. This case is reported to draw attention to the value of T and B lymphocyte quantitation where difficulty is experienced in interpretation of cells in CSF in patients with leukaemia or lymphoma. PMID- 6981406 TI - Distribution of alpha 1-antitrypsin (PI) subtypes from newborns. AB - PI phenotypes were determined from 420 cord bloods from Adelaide. Allele frequencies for the subvariants PI*MI, PI*M2 and PI*M3 were 0.73, 0.14 and 0.09, respectively. The combined frequency of other alleles was 0.04. This relatively high level of variation makes PI useful for gene mapping, paternity testing and zygosity testing. For this locus the average probability of detecting non paternity in this population is 28%. PMID- 6981405 TI - Strongyloides ratti infections in congenitally hypothymic (nude) mice. AB - The course of infection with Strongyloides ratti was examined in congenitally hypothymic CBA/H, C57Bl/6 and BALB/c nude mice. The intensity of infection and the duration of faecal larval excretion were both increased in nude mice when compared with intact mice. Adult worms persisted in the small intestine of nude mice for at least 6 weeks. Greater worm burdens were found in such mice after subcutaneous injection as compared with percutaneous infection. Hypothymic mice did not acquire resistance to re-infection. It is concluded that both the spontaneous expulsion of worms in primary infection and resistance to challenge infection are T cell-dependent events. Autoinfection was not seen. PMID- 6981408 TI - Malignant catarrhal fever in farmed Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis). 1. Clinico pathological observations. AB - A sporadic fatal disease is described in 7 Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) from 5 deer farms in Victoria. Bilateral ophthalmia and wasting were the most significant signs in a clinical course varying from 4 to 34 days. Bilateral hypopyon, peripheral corneal opacities and interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration of the renal cortex with pronounced mural thickening and dilatation of vessels at the cortico-medullary junction were the only consistent lesions. Haemorrhagic ileitis, colitis and typhlitis were the major lesions in two deer that died 4 and 6 days after onset of clinical disease. Ecchymotic haemorrhages and sub-serosal haematomas on the intestines and mesentery were the main finding in cases with a longer clinical course. Other gross lesions varied between cases. The most significant histological lesion was fibrinoid necrotising vasculitis with adventitial lymphoid cell infiltration characteristic of bovine malignant catarrhal fever. Mucosal erosions seen in protracted cases of this disease were associated with lymphoid cell infiltration into foci of degenerating epithelial cells. In many lymph nodes there was severe follicular necroses. In chronic cases extensive proliferation of lymphoblastoid cells was seen in the parafollicular cortex and medullary sinuses of nodes which also showed discrete follicular necrosis. PMID- 6981409 TI - The vestibulo-ocular reflex in man during voluntary head oscillation under three visual conditions. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) generated by voluntary head movements keyed to a tone varying sinusoidally in pitch was studied in 13 men. Modulation of pitch at frequencies ranging from 0.1-5.0 Hz yielded systematic variation in head movement frequencies, although above 2 Hz head frequencies fell below requested frequencies. Three conditions of visual stimulation were used. When an Earth fixed visual target was visible, VOR gain (maximum eye velocity/maximum head velocity) was slightly but significantly greater than VOR gain in darkness at all frequencies except 0.1 Hz. With a head-fixed target, VOR gain was substantially less than VOR gain in darkness at all requested frequencies below 2.0 Hz. The finding that visual suppression becomes ineffective at frequencies above 1.0 Hz parallels results obtained in other laboratories during passive whole-body oscillation. Results indicate that the procedures are feasible for further evaluation as part of a clinical test battery. PMID- 6981410 TI - Apparent instrument horizon deflection during and immediately following rolling maneuvers. AB - There have been recent reports by pilots of apparent visual bending or bowing of instrument horizons during and immediately following ascending rolling maneuvers in the F-14 aircraft. The present study investigates the probability that normal reflex actions may partially account for the illusions cited in these reports. The results of this study suggest that the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) can produce an apparent deflection of the instrument horizon (actually an apparent flicking back and forth) during and after roll maneuvers involving high peak angular velocities. This perceptual aberration could disturb a pilot attempting to use his instrument horizon and could lead him to suspect instrument malfunction. The reported distortions of the instrument horizon could be the result of the VOR, which tends to stabilize the eye relative to the Earth during angular acceleration of the head, and therefore reflexly displaces the eye relative to objects such as flight instruments that move with the head. PMID- 6981412 TI - The rapid purification of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase on triazine dye affinity matrices. AB - 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30) and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) were purified to homogeneity on a large scale involving only two sequential affinity-chromatography steps on two triazine dye-Sepharose matrices. Recoveries of both enzymes were in excess of 60%. Malate dehydrogenase could also be purified by a combination of triazine dye affinity chromatography and gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA-44, but this offered no significant advantage over the purely affinity procedure. PMID- 6981411 TI - Completion of the amino acid sequences of the A and B chains of subcomponent C1q of the first component of human complement. AB - The sequences of amino acid residues 109--224 of the A chain, and residues 109- 22 of the B chain, of human subcomponent C1q are given. These results, along with previously published sequence data on the N-terminal, collagen-like, regions of the A and B chains [Reid (1979) Biochem. J. 179, 367--371] yield the complete amino acid sequences of the A and B chains of subcomponent C1q. The asparagine residue at position A-124 has been identified as the major site of asparagine linked carbohydrate in subcomponent C1q. When the sequences of the C-terminal, 135-residue-long, 'globular' regions of A and B chains are compared they show 40% homology. The degree of homology over certain stretches of 15--20 residues, within the C-terminal regions, rises up to values of 73%, indicating the presence of strongly conserved structures. Structure prediction studies indicate that both the A and B chain C-terminal regions may adopt a predominantly beta-type structure with apparently little alpha-helical structure. PMID- 6981413 TI - Kinetic evidence for a common mechanism of capping on lymphocytes. AB - 1. Differences in the rates at which ligands cap various receptors on the same cells, and their sensitivity to various drugs, have been interpreted as evidence that there are distinct mechanisms for ;fast' and ;slow' cap formation. We have examined the factors which determine the rate of cap formation of three receptors on mouse splenic lymphocytes or thymocytes, and compared the effects of cytochalasin B or colchicine under conditions where the different receptors cap at similar rates. 2. When surface immunoglobulin, concanavalin A receptors, or theta antigen are induced to cap at their maximal rates by appropriate concentrations of one or more cross-linking ligands, the half-time for maximal capping of each receptor population is between 1.5 and 3.0min at 37 degrees C. Slower rates of cap formation are obtained by using non-optimal concentrations of the cross-linking ligands. 3. When the three receptors were induced to cap at similar rates (either maximal or slower), 10mum-cytochalasin B caused a similar decrease in the rate of cap formation for each receptor, without affecting the eventual extent of capping. At comparable capping rates on control cells, colchicine (10mum) increased the rate of cap formation for surface immunoglobulin and concanavalin A receptors to a similar extent, without affecting the eventual extent of cap formation. In contrast, colchicine had no detectable effect on the capping of theta antigen. 4. From these results, we conclude that there are no intrinsic differences in the rates at which different receptors can be induced to cap that can be used to diagnose differences in their mechanisms of cap formation. The observation that ligand concentration and the drugs acting on the cytoskeleton generally affect the rate but not the extent of cap formation accounts for the wide variation in reported effects of the drugs on cap formation measured at fixed times. The receptor-specific effect of colchicine on surface immunoglobulin and concanavalin A receptors, but not theta antigen, is not readily compatible with models of cap formation which depend on lipid or membrane flow. PMID- 6981415 TI - A study of the relationship of alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype to the occurrence and severity of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6981416 TI - [Experimental animal studies on the topical and systemic activity of prednisolone 17-ethylcarbonate-21-propionate]. AB - Prednisolone-17-ethylcarbonate-21-propionate (PrEP, Hoe 777) was tested for antiinflammatory activity in various animal models by topical and systemic administration. In those models being indicative of topical efficacy, the potency of PrEP was the same as that of desoximetasone. However, systemic effects after topical administration of PrEP in shaved skin of the dorsum of rats were relatively weak compared with the reference compound. Moreover, there were less systemic glucocorticoid effects after s.c. administration of PrEP than after desoximetasone. Thus, PrEP is obviously a compound with a considerable split of topical and systemic activity, suggesting its testing in man for systemic effects after topical administration. PMID- 6981418 TI - [Relation between the administration of salicylates in various viral infections and the appearance of Reye's syndrome]. PMID- 6981414 TI - Evidence for 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol receptors in long bones of newborn rats. AB - Several reports have appeared that suggest that 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol has a possible biological role in bone formation. We have utilized competition studies, saturation analysis, sucrose-density-gradient sedimentation and DEAE cellulose chromatography to demonstrate that long bones of vitamin D-depleted newborn rats contain cytoplasmic and possibly nuclear receptors that bind 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol with specificity and high affinity (Kd = 1.79 nM). Sucrose-density-gradient analysis of the cytoplasmic 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol-binding component showed a single binding macromolecule for 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol with a sedimentation coefficient of 3.1 S. DEAE-cellulose chromatography showed a [3H]24,25, dihydroxycholecalciferol macromolecular complex that binds to DEAE-cellulose and elutes between 0.15 and 0.21 M-KCl. The finding of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol receptors in long bones of newborn rats suggests a possible involvement of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the metabolism of developing skeletal tissues. PMID- 6981417 TI - Effect of carbon monoxide on atherogenesis in normal pigs and pigs with von Willebrand's disease. AB - The extent of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis was examined in pigs following balloon-catheter injury of coronary arteries and subsequent feeding of an atherogenic diet for 4 months. The pigs were either exposed intermittently to 100 ppm carbon monoxide or to ambient air alone. Three types of pigs were used: normals, homozygotes for von Willebrand's disease (bleeders), and heterozygotes (carriers). The 3 types of pigs developed coronary artery intimal lesions of similar thickness. Aortic lesions, quantified as percent of aortic surface involved with sudanophilia and raised fibrous plaques, were slightly less extensive in bleeder pigs than in normals. Carbon monoxide exposure did not increase the thickness of coronary artery intimal lesions, nor did it increase the percent of aortic surface involved with sudanophilia or raised fibrous lesions. These results suggest that exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide does not perceptibly enhance atherogenesis induced by hypercholesterolemia. None of 14 bleeder pigs showed evidence of myocardial infarction, despite significant coronary artery narrowing. Of the 24 normal and carrier pigs, 5 showed myocardial infarction. Four of these 5 pigs were exposed to carbon monoxide, while 1 was not exposed. These findings suggest that exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may increase the incidence of myocardial infarction and that the absence of von Willebrand factor may be protective. PMID- 6981419 TI - Effects of premedication on diprivan induction. PMID- 6981421 TI - Humoral immunity in stage I mycosis fungoides: an increased incidence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies. AB - Thirteen patients with stage I mycosis fungoides (MF) were studied for the presence of circulating autoantibodies including cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCA), antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor antibodies to common food antigens, bovine gamma globulin and casein; and immune complexes as measured by cryoglobulins and I125 Clq binding. A significantly increased incidence (11/13) of LCA was found in the MF patients, and this may be related to the alterations in subpopulations of T cells seen in these patients. No significant increase in any other test was noted. there was no evidence of a diffuse hyperactivity of the humoral immune system as seen in systemic lupus erythematosus, which has a similar imbalance of T cell subpopulations. PMID- 6981420 TI - Tanning, protection against sunburn and vitamin D formation with a UV-A 'sun bed'. AB - There are many types of sun-beds, sun-benches and sun-panels containing fluorescent tubes which, because of their predominantly UV-A emission, are advertised to the public as a means of obtaining a tan without sunburn. This study reports the effects of a sun-bed on skin colour, on the protection afforded against sunburn, and on vitamin D formation. Side-effects are also recorded. It was shown that the sun-bed emits mainly UV-A but very little UV-B and some tanning occurred in most subjects. However, no correlation was observed between the subjects' stated ability to tan and the degree of pigmentation achieved at the end of the treatment. Most subjects also had itching and erythema, and three had polymorphic light eruption. Although very little UV-B irradiation was present, a significant increase in serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D occurred, and possible explanations of this surprising finding are discussed. While the sun bed proved popular with the subjects, only a modest tan was achieved and the incidence of side-effects appeared to limit the value of this type of appliance, especially with regard to the prevention of vitamin D deficiency. PMID- 6981422 TI - Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, multilobated type, expressing membrane differentiation antigens of precursor T-lymphocytes. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to human T-cell membrane antigens were used to evaluate the immunological phenotype of the tumour cells in two cases of a recently described cutaneous T-cell lymphoma of 'multilobated' type. In one case the distinctive abnormal blast cells expressed positivity for OKT6, anti-HTAI, OKT4 and Leu-3a, and showed binding capacity for peanut agglutinin (PNA). These are properties normally displayed by immature cortical thymocytes. The antigen expression of the abnormal blast cells in the other case was OKT3, Leu-I, OKT4, Leu-3a in the absence of PNA-binding; these properties bear more resemblance to more mature T inducer/helper cells. When combined with consideration of the morphological aspects we suggest that in both cases the abnormal cells represented precursor T lymphocytes. PMID- 6981423 TI - Colour perception in pseudophakia. AB - Minor differences in colour perception between pseudophakic, phakic, and spectacle aphakic eyes were identified by the Pickford-Nicholson anomaloscope and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. The results suggest that pseudophakic eyes are more sensitive to red and less sensitive to blue than aphakic eyes corrected with spectacles. Spectrophotometer measurements reveal that the Rayner-Pearce posterior chamber intraocular lens used in this study transmits an evenly balanced colour spectrum, whereas an aphakic spectacle lens exhibits significant colour distortion, reducing the red and enhancing the blue transmission. This distortion may possibly be attributed to the increased chromatic aberration in the spectacle lens compared with the intraocular lens. PMID- 6981424 TI - Glycosyl ureides in ruminant nutrition. 1. Preparation and estimation of lactosyl urea and other glycosyl ureides. AB - 1. Glucosyl urea, lactosyl urea and galactosyl urea were prepared from pure sugars and urea and their purity confirmed by determination of their melting points, specific rotations and by mass spectrometry. 2. Using whey as a lactose source, a range of conditions were examined for the preparation of lactosyl urea on a laboratory scale. Yields of 60% were achieved when lactose and urea (molar ratio, urea: lactose 0:6) were reacted for 15 h in sulphuric acid at pH 2.0 and a temperature of 70 degrees. 3. Methods of detection and estimation of all three ureides in whey preparations and ruminant digesta samples were developed. Two quantitative methods, one involving acid-hydrolysis, the other ion-exchange chromatography, were used. The latter method enabled determination of individual quantities of ureides in mixtures. PMID- 6981425 TI - Glycosyl ureides in ruminant nutrition. 3. In vivo studies on the metabolism of glycosyl ureides and corresponding mixtures of their free component molecules. AB - 1. Steers and sheep were given basal diets of barley and straw (1:1, w/w), usually containing urea, which for certain experimental periods were supplemented with pure glucosyl urea (GU), pure lactosyl urea (LU) or a product prepared from whey concentrate (EW) which contained 65-80% of the lactose in the form of LU. 2. On the morning of an experiment ureide (or EW) was omitted from the feed and a dose of either ureide (or EW) or equivalent amounts of free lactose and urea (L + U) was added to the rumen within 30 min of feeding, together in some experiments with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a fluid-phase marker. Samples of rumen contents, and in some experiments abomasal contents, were taken at intervals for up to 8 h. 3. For both steers and sheep given GU and LU for the first time (unadapted animals) there was little or no accumulation of ammonia in the rumen or cleavage of the sugar-urea bond. Galactose was, however, slowly liberated from LU. 4. For steers and sheep which had been given GU, LU or EW for approximately 7 10 d or more (adapted animals) some accumulation of ammonia occurred after adding GU or LU to the rumen, but for LU it occurred less rapidly and to a lower peak concentration than when L + U was added. In adapted animals cleavage of the sugar urea bond in LU was virtually complete in 2-4 h. Degradation of the components of L + U was virtually complete within 1 h. 5. Recovery at the abomasum of ureide (present either as GU or LU) estimated from ureide: PEG values, appeared to be complete in experiments with unadapted sheep given a dose of EW. In adapted sheep only very small amounts of ureide in an EW dose (on average 6%) entered the abomasum undegraded. Amounts lost in this way appeared to be positively correlated with the rate of fluid turnover in the rumen. PMID- 6981426 TI - In vivo and in vitro sugar transport in frog intestine. AB - In the frog intestine, both in vitro and in vivo, experiments were carried out in order to increase knowledge of the mechanism of sugar exit across the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte. The frog intestine was chosen because it lacks crypt cells and, consequently, any external fluid circuit mechanism during sugar transport can be avoided. Therefore, the sugar concentration in the absorbate collected on the serosal side is likely to be similar to that present underneath the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte. Under this condition, cell and absorbate sugar concentrations are similar; yet there is a concomitant net transintestinal sugar transport. Moreover, in in vivo experiments a net transintestinal sugar transport takes place even against a concentration difference. These results suggest that sugar exit across the basolateral membrane is not simply due to a chemically facilitated diffusion. PMID- 6981427 TI - Observations on transmembrane structures of surface immunoglobulin in the plasma membrane of B lymphocytes. AB - We have investigated the possible role of intramembraneous particles as revealed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy in the plasma membrane of B lymphocytes from rabbits and mice as reflections of transmembrane structures of surface immunoglobulin receptor molecules. This was achieved by aggregation of the surface receptors using fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies, fixation and freezing of the cells in 35% glycerol. This procedure resulted in replicas of lymphocytes with well-preserved morphology (no ice-crystals), enabling the study of both protoplasmic and external fracture face in combination with surface receptor markers. It appeared that very small intramembraneous particles (3-6 nm diameter) were selectively clustered under patches of surface receptor label. This phenomenon was found on the external fracture face exclusively and not on the protoplasmic fracture face. 'Classical' intramembraneous particles (6-12 nm diameter) were not involved. We suggest that these small, clustered particles should be interpreted as transmembrane structures of surface immunoglobulin molecules. PMID- 6981429 TI - Purification and characterization of human C1-esterase inhibitor. AB - A new purification method for C1-esterase inhibitor is described, which is essentially a three-step procedure: precipitation with poly(ethylene glycol), chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on hexyl-Sepharose. The final product is a single-chain glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 100 000 and NH2-terminal asparagine. The molecule is fully active as judged by complex formation with C1s. Two of its three disulphide bridges can be easily reduced and S-carboxymethylated under non-denaturing conditions without loss of activity. However, at high dithioerythritol concentration the third disulphide bridge is also cleaved and accompanied by loss of the activity, indicating that this disulphide bridge is involved in maintaining the conformation around the reactive site in the inhibitor. PMID- 6981428 TI - Peptide structures of pyruvate kinase isozymes: 2. Origins of types M1 and M2 isozymes suggested from species-variations in their peptide maps. AB - Pyruvate kinase (ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) isozymes were purified: type M1 and M2 isozymes from rat, mouse and rabbit, type M1 from bull frog and type L from rat and mouse. The amino acid composition of type M1 and M2 isozymes from various species were very similar and those of type L isozymes from rat and mouse also very similar. The NH2-terminals to type M1 and M2 from rat and mouse were (Pro-Lys-Pro-), but those of the other enzymes appeared to be blocked. The COOH-terminals of type M1 and M2 from rat, mouse and rabbit were (-Val-Pro). Comparison of tryptic peptide maps of type M1 and M2 from rat, mouse and rabbit indicated that type M1 and M2 could not be produced by post-synthesis modification, but could be encoded by different type-specific mRNAs. Comparative studies on type M1 and M2 of different species showed that type M1-specific peptide spots were highly variable, whereas type M2-specific peptide spots were highly conserved. The type L isozyme showed marked species variation, indicating that this differentiated isozyme evolved more rapidly than type M2, which may be a prototype or undifferentiated isozyme. PMID- 6981430 TI - Catecholamine transport and energy-linked function of chromafffin granules isolated from a human pheochromocytoma. AB - The structure and function of chromaffin granules of human pheochromocytoma was extensively investigated in a highly purified granule fraction obtained from a single specimen of human pheochromocytoma tissue. Pheochromocytoma chromaffin granules were analyzed for catecholamine, ATP, enkephalin, phospholipid, cytochrome and ion content. Using a variety of techniques it was found that the membrane of these granules is highly impermeable to Na+, K+, and H+, and that the intragranular pH was maintained at 5.1 irrespective of suspending media. The presence of MgATP induces a transmembrane potential (delta psi) across the membrane of these granules which is positive inside and which corresponds to 90 mV. Both delta pH and delta psi are coupled to biogenic amine accumulation into the granules in a process which is reserpine sensitive. These properties are compared with those of chromaffin granules isolated from normal human tissue or from other animal species and are discussed in terms of possible explanation at a biochemical or subcellular level of the clinical manifestation of the pheochromocytoma. PMID- 6981433 TI - [Changes in the local resistance of muscle fiber cytoplasm after disruption of the T system]. PMID- 6981432 TI - [11-beta-Steroid hydroxylating cytochrome P-450 from bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria: isolation, physico-chemical and functional properties]. AB - It was shown that of the two cytochromes P-450, i.e. cholesterol-hydroxylating (SCC) and 11 beta-steroid-hydroxylating (11 beta) ones, involved in mitochondrial steroidogenesis in adrenal cortex cells cytochrome P-450 (11 beta) is more tightly bound to the membrane. The quantitative ratio of P-450 (SCC)/P-450 (11 beta) in the mitochondrial membrane is 2 to 1. The isolation procedure for cytochrome P-450 (11 beta) included separation of cytochromes P-450 (11 beta) and P-450 (SCC) by ammonium sulfate fractionation in the presence of sodium cholate, Tween 80 and affinity chromatography on adrenodoxin-Sepharose allowing to achieve a high degree of cytochrome P-450 (11 beta) purification. The obtained protein has a high specific heme content (19 nmole per mg of protein), minimal molecular weight (47000), is homogeneous as can be evidenced by Na-DS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and N-terminal analysis, possesses spectral properties typical for a high spin hemoprotein and is highly active in the reaction of steroid substrate hydroxylation. The Km values for hydroxylation of deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 11-deoxycorticol and testosterone are 0.69, 0.54 and 0.21 s-1, respectively. The use of adrenodoxin possessing a high stabilizing action allows to obtain cytochrome P-450 (11 beta) free from substrate (a low spin form) by washing of adrenodoxin-Sepharose adsorbed hemoprotein with large volumes of steroid-free phosphate buffer. The eluted cytochrome P-450 (11 beta) reveals spectral properties typical for the low spin hemoprotein; an addition of DOC induces type I spectral changes. The Kd values for the cytochrome P-450 (11 beta) steroid complex determined by spectrophotometric titration at 10 degrees for DOC and testosterone are 0.32 and 0.67 muM, respectively. PMID- 6981431 TI - Specific binding of progesterone to the cell surface and its role in the meiotic divisions in Rana oocytes. AB - Progesterone is believed to act at the cell surface to induce the resumption of the meiotic divisions in amphibian oocytes. Analysis of [3H]- and [14C] progesterone uptake and exchange by the plasma-vitelline membrane complex, nucleus and cytoplasm of the isolated Rana oocyte indicates that progesterone uptake by the plasma membrane is saturable, specific and temperature-dependent, and has a slow off-rate. Estradiol (a noninducer) did not compete with progesterone, whereas testosterone (an inducer) blocked progesterone uptake by the membrane complex. Scatchard-type plots indicate an apparent Kd of 5.1.10-7 M over the [progesterone]0 range of 0.01-1.0 microM with maximum binding at about 70 fmol per oocyte. Membrane uptake at higher [progesterone]0 (2-40 microM) indicates apparent cooperative binding, with saturation up to 10 pmol per oocyte. Cytoplasmic uptake was apparently nonspecific and less temperature-dependent than membrane uptake and steroid concentrations (progesterone and pregnanediones) exceeded water solubility by 30-60 min. Nuclear uptake was saturable and specific but uptake was independent of temperature. A comparison of membrane binding and a physiological response (nuclear breakdown) indicated only about 10% of the membrane sites need be filled to initiate a 50% response. PMID- 6981434 TI - The asymptotic efficiency of tests using misclassified data in contingency tables. AB - A simple expression is given for the approximate upper bound of the asymptotic relative efficiency of tests between nested loglinear models using misclassified data versus those using data with no classification errors. This efficiency depends on the probabilities of data being misclassified into the wrong cells of the contingency table. An example demonstrates that the loss of efficiency due to misclassification can be substantial. PMID- 6981435 TI - Numerical analysis of the voltage-clamp technique applied to frog neuromuscular junctions. AB - The nonlinear cable equation was solved numerically by means of an implicit procedure. The correlation between end-plate length and fiber diameter was determined in frog (Rana pipiens) sartorius muscles stained with gold chloride (Lowit, 1875). The diameter of the fibers stained by the Lowit method was 80 (74 85) micron (median and its 95% confidence interval for 52 fibers), the length of the end plates in the same fibers was 382 (353-417) micron. The fibers simulated were 80 micron in diameter. To solve the equation the muscle fibers were represented by 500 segments 20 micron long, and the equation was solved in steps of 10 microseconds; a double exponential function was incorporated to the first seven segments to represent the neuromuscular junction. The potential of the first segment of the cable was set to the clamping level and the membrane potential of the remaining segments calculated. The current needed to hold the first segment was estimated by adding the current flowing through the first segment to the current flowing from it to the second segment. Our results indicate that the lack of space clamp in the point voltage-clamp studies of the frog neuromuscular junction introduces serious errors in the estimates of the end plate conductance value, the kinetics of the conductance changes, and the reversal potential of the end-plate currents. The possibility of an efficient voltage-clamp technique is also explored. Our calculations suggest that the study of end-plate current and conductance is possible with little error if the end plate potential is controlled at both ends of the synaptic area simultaneously. PMID- 6981437 TI - [Arterial pressure reactions due to A- and C-afferent discharges of the sciatic nerve in anesthetized and unanesthetized frogs]. AB - The role of impulses of sciatic nerve A- and C-afferents in the reflex changes of arterial pressure was studied in anesthetized and unanesthetized frogs. In anesthetized frogs, A-fiber excitation(A beta- and "fast" A delta-fiber subgroups) evoked depressor reflexes, impulses of "slow" A delta-fibers decrease them and C-fiber excitation evoked pressor reflexes. In unanesthetized frogs, only pressor reflexes can be evoked. Impulses of A delta-fibers evoke small pressor reflexes and impulses of C-fibers increase them. A beta-fibers excitation evoked small reflexes only in some unanesthetized animals. A single stimulus of sciatic nerve A- and C-fibers evokes in the renal nerve A- and C-responses consisting of excitatory and inhibitory component. PMID- 6981436 TI - A quantitative model of intersarcomere dynamics during fixed-end contractions of single frog muscle fibers. AB - A numerical model of a muscle fiber as 400 sarcomeres, identical except for their initial lengths, was used to simulate fixed-end tetanic contractions of frog single fibers at sarcomere lengths above the optimum. The sarcomeres were represented by a lumped model, constructed from the passive and active sarcomere length-tension curves, the force-velocity curve, and the observed active elasticity of a single frog muscle fiber. An intersarcomere force was included to prevent large disparities in lengths of neighboring sarcomeres. The model duplicated the fast rise, slow creep rise, peak, and slow decline of tension seen in tetanic contractions of stretched living fibers. Decreasing the initial non uniformity of sarcomere length reduced the rate of rise of tension during the creep phase, but did not decrease the peak tension reached. Limitations of the model, and other processes that might contribute to the shape of the fixed end tetanic tension record are discussed. Taking account of model and experimental results, it is concluded that the distinctive features of the tension records of fixed end tetanic contraction at lengths beyond optimum can be explained by internal motion within the fiber. PMID- 6981438 TI - [Role of cyclic nucleotides in the immunomodulating action of histamine in mice]. AB - A study was made of histamine action on different lymphocyte subpopulations of the mouse spleen during sensitization with ovalbumin. Histamine was shown to exert a regulatory action on proliferation of but rapidly depositing fraction of spleen lymphocytes, which corresponds with suppressor T lymphocytes. The line and intensity of histamine action depended on the time of sensitization. In the initial period histamine reduced the proliferation rate, while on day 3 it stimulated the incorporation of labeled thymidine. The action of histamine was realized through the H2-histamine receptors and was mediated by the increased concentration of cAMP in the lymphocytes. PMID- 6981439 TI - [Increase in the level of cold lymphocytotoxins in the blood serum after autohemostimulation]. AB - Activity of natural cold isolymphocytotoxins (NCILCT) was studied in the serum of 16 volunteers who received whole auto blood injections. Autohemostimulation was shown to result in the increased activity of NCILCT. The evidence obtained allowed the conclusion that autohemostimulation can be used for preparation of active NCILCT test sera. PMID- 6981440 TI - Acidic isoferritins and E-type prostaglandins in sources of colony stimulatory factors mask detection of cycling granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. AB - The effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factors (GM-CSF), acidic isoferritins, and E-type prostaglandins on the detection of the cycle status of human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) was investigated. Bone marrow cells were pulse-treated with control medium or high specific activity tritiated thymidine [3HTdr) and subsequently plated over feeder layers containing mononuclear blood leukocytes prepared in the absence or presence of anti-acidic isoferritins and/or indomethacin, or plated in the presence of medium conditioned by placental cell or GCT-conditioned media free of acidic isoferritins and prostaglandin-E. The presence of anti-acidic isoferritins and/or indomethacin in the blood leukocyte feeder layers increased the detectable stimulatory capacity of these cells and permitted detection of a larger proportion of marrow CFU-GM in cycle than in control cultures. The cycle status was not influenced by GM-CSF in conditioned medium regardless of the dilution of conditioned medium used to stimulate colony formation. This suggests that GM-CSF, supplied to the cells after treatment with 3HTdr, does not itself influence the detection of CFU-GM in cycle, but using sources of GM-CSF that contain acidic isoferritins or prostaglandin-E will underestimate the actual number of CFU-GM in S-phase. PMID- 6981441 TI - Studies on the effect of deoxyadenosine on deoxycoformycin-treated myeloid and lymphoid stem cells. AB - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency has been reported in association with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). The mechanism by which ADA deficiency causes immune dysfunction has been investigated in model systems to which the ADA inhibitor deoxycoformycin (dCf) had been added. Previously, we demonstrated that dCF did not prevent proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid stem cells. We have now shown that addition of deoxyadenosine to dCf-containing cultures inhibited proliferation of hemopoietic stem cells. This inhibition was, however, equally effective for both normal myeloid and lymphoid stem cells. These findings suggest that other differences may exist between SCID myeloid and lymphoid stem cells to account for the relative sparing of myelopoiesis in SCID patients. PMID- 6981443 TI - A comparison of spontaneous and CSF added CFU-MG colony formation in healthy, sick and hypotrophic pre-term infants. AB - Myelopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-MG) have been studied from peripheral blood of healthy, sick, and hypotrophic pre-term infants. Methylcellulose cultures were prepared simultaneously with and without exogenous colony stimulating factor. It was found that large numbers of circulating CFU-M are present at birth in healthy infants, smaller numbers in sick infants, and very few in hypotrophic infants. Exogenous CSF increases the number of colonies in cultures of healthy infants at birth. A limiting factor in spontaneous colony formation is the production of CSF by the cells in culture. This is particularly evident in sick infants. During the postnatal course similar levels of circulating CFUc, higher than in adult blood, are found in all three groups of pre-term infants. PMID- 6981442 TI - Myelo-lymphopoietic stem cells in human bone marrow. PMID- 6981445 TI - [Mechanisms triggering autoimmune thyroiditis]. PMID- 6981446 TI - Normal ventricles in young schizophrenics. AB - The CT scans of 11 schizophrenics and 26 controls were evaluated for both linear (Evan's and cella media ratios) and volume (planimetry and grid ratios) measurements of ventricular size. There were no differences between the two groups on any of the measures obtained. These results are discussed in relation to previous reports showing ventricular enlargement in schizophrenics. The relatively younger age and briefer period of hospitalization in this present sample are suggested as variables possibly associated with these findings. PMID- 6981448 TI - Subconjunctival phacocele: an unusual complication of cataract surgery. AB - There have been numerous reports of subconjunctival dislocation of the lens resulting from nonsurgical trauma. This paper is the first to describe such a dislocation following surgical trauma (unplanned extracapsular cataract extraction). PMID- 6981447 TI - Periventricular localization of a toxic encephalopathy induced by a mechanism involving choroid plexus. AB - An aliphatic triamine has been reported to cause lesions in rats in the vicinity of the area postrema and the median eminence of the hypothalamus, sites known to lack a blood-brain barrier. The present study revealed that some of the rats developed lesions in the cerebellum as well. The cerebellar lesions were related topographically to the choroid plexus in the underlying fourth ventricle. This periventricular distribution could be due to passage of the triamine from blood to choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid and then to parenchyma. In further experiments, the permeability of the plexus was increased by inducing choroid plexitis with cyclophosphamide. Subsequent administration of the triamine induced periventricular cerebellar lesions in higher incidence and at lower dose levels than in normal rats. Thus, the induction of choroid plexitis supported the aforementioned hypothesis and also suggested that it might be a useful model for periventricular localization of other types of lesions or diseases. PMID- 6981444 TI - Aluminum neurotoxicity: an experimental perspective. PMID- 6981449 TI - Continuous monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation in cardiac surgery. AB - Serial measurement of mixed venous oxygen saturation is useful in the care of critically ill patients. It is an index of cardiac output and overall tissue perfusion. Previously, lack of refinement of the technology for continuous monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation deterred its clinical application. The authors evaluated the Oximetrix ShawTM catheter oximeter system between May 1980 and April 1981 in 84 high-risk and moderately high-risk patients. Fifty-four had undergone only myocardial revascularization while 30 had undergone valvular or combined procedures. In 20 patients with compromised left ventricular function (mean ejection fraction of less than 40%) continuous mixed venous oxygen saturation was compared to hemodynamic parameters in an intraoperative and early postoperative study. The results indicated that satisfactory mixed venous oxygen saturation (more than 65%) correlated with normal hemodynamic measurements including cardiac output and cardiac index. In general, a fall in mixed venous oxygen saturation of more than 10% was noted before the mean blood pressure, heart rate or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure changed. Cardiac output, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular stroke work index were found to change in association with a change in mixed venous oxygen saturation. A fall (mixed venous oxygen saturation less than 65%) can be related to: (a) abnormal hemodynamic status--reduced cardiac output, hypotension, elevated systemic vascular resistance and arrhythmias, (b) abnormal oxygen demand- shivering, suctioning, positioning and pyrexia and (c) abnormal oxygen supply- anemia, airway obstruction and altered diffusion of oxygen at the alveolar capillary membrane. The Oximetrix system proved reliable. Mixed venous oxygen saturation is a nonspecific indicator of hemodynamic status. Continuous monitoring of the mixed venous oxygen saturation facilitates optimal patient management by immediately alerting intensive care personnel to the development of inadequate tissue perfusion. PMID- 6981450 TI - Clinical implications of cytogenetic studies in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). AB - Detailed cytogenetic studies were performed in 41 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL): four patients had limited plaques, 13 patients had generalized plaques, eight patients had cutaneous tumors, 16 patients had generalized erythroderma, and four additional patients, who had relatively benign chronic dermatosis, served as controls. Correlating the histologic and cytogenetic results in the various tissues, it was observed that 62% of the peripheral blood specimens were cytogenetically positive but only 49% were morphologically positive; in the lymph node the ratio was 80 versus 45%, and in the bone marrow, 6 versus 3%. These studies demonstrate that chromosome abnormalities are frequently detectable before morphologic changes become apparent. Chromosome banding preparations showed extensive and wide-ranging heteroploidy; the #1 chromosome was most frequently involved in structural abnormalities while chromosomes #11, 21, and 22 were most frequently involved in numerical abnormalities. These cytogenetic findings support the impression that CTCL is a disease whose various clinical manifestations represent a chronologic sequence, with the cytogenetic findings paralleling the clinical symptoms: patients with minimal chromosomal changes had the best survival and the more extensive the chromosome abnormalities, the more advanced the clinical disease. Clone formation was seen in eight patients and this phenomenon, along with hyperdiploidy and near tetraploidy, was associated with a poor prognosis and short survival. We conclude that CTCL progresses from an early phase with extensive chromosomal abnormalities and lack of clone formation to a terminal phase with clone selection. Cytogenetic studies can, therefore, be of significant diagnostic and prognostic value in CTCL. PMID- 6981451 TI - Clinical, hematologic, and pathologic features of leukemic T-cell lymphoma. AB - Cells obtained from malignant lymph nodes and the peripheral blood of 106 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were examined for T- and B-cell characteristics. Surprisingly, 79 cases were of the T-cell type on the basis of spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E-rosettes). Of the remaining cases, 15 were B-cell in nature (monoclonal S-Ig positive), seven were non T-, non B-cell and four cases were undetermined. Forty-nine (62.0%) of the T cell malignancies were of a leukemic variety, characterized by pleomorphism in the peripheral blood cell size, and histological appearance. Most of the leukemic T-cells showed obvious lymphocytic differentiation, with condensed nuclear chromatin and scant cytoplasm, although in many of the cases, the lymphomatous infiltrate was dominated by large or pleomorphic lymphoid cells. All tumors were of a diffuse variety, and on histologic examination included a mixed type (21 cases), PDLL forms (15 cases), a large lymphoid cell type (eight cases), and WDLL forms (five cases). Although the mixed type with a pleomorphic lymphoid infiltrate was distinctive, there has been considerable variation from case to case. Clinically this unusual t-cell, leukemic variety of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas primarily involved middle-aged and elderly subjects, and was characterized by wide spread organ invasion (preferentially to the liver, spleen and skin), resistance to chemotherapy, and a poor prognosis. A mediastinal mass was not observed in all cases. The patients had a median survival of only ten months. PMID- 6981452 TI - Combination chemotherapy of advanced sarcomas in adults with "CYOMAD" (S7). AB - Response rates of metastatic soft part sarcomas to chemotherapy have varied from 27 and 44% for our ALOMAD and OMAD protocols to 46-55% reported for CYVADIC. The present combination, CYOMAD, consists of the induction part of ALOMAD (vincristine, high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue, Adriamycin and DTIC) alternating with a condensed version of CYVADIC (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin and DTIC). Forty-one patients with advanced soft-part sarcomas were entered on the CYOMAD program of whom 36 were considered evaluable. Complete responses (CR) were seen in four patients had partial (PR) in five patients for a major response rate of 25%. Responders had an overall longer survival than nonresponders (20 versus 13 months). Toxicity was substantial with both gastrointestinal side effects and myelosupression common. Possible Adriamycin cardiotoxicity was noted in four patients. Cyomad offered no therapeutic advantage over previous protocols and was even less well tolerated than some. PMID- 6981454 TI - Chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: an investigative method, not a recipe. PMID- 6981453 TI - Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XLVIII. T-cell acute leukemia in ataxia telangiectasia. AB - Cytogenetic and immunologic studies were performed on the cells of an 18-year-old female with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) associated with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). At the onset of the leukemia 15.4% of peripheral blood cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) contained a tandem translocation of the long arm of chromosome #14, i.e., t(14;14). To ascertain if these karyotypically abnormal cells and the leukemic cells had a common lineage, chromosome analyses were performed on bone marrow cells. Examination of the marrow cells on the seven occasions when leukemic cells were present in the marrow, including times when they were predominant, showed only a normal karyotype without the presence of t(14;14). However, an abnormal clone, which had the karyotype 45,XX, 9,t(9;6)(q12;q13), was identified in the marrow cells on the last examination during the terminal phase of the leukemia. Immunologically, the ALL was classified as an atypical type which had characteristics in common with certain T cell subsets. We suggest that the malignant cells did not originate from the preexisting cells with a tandem duplication of the 14q. PMID- 6981455 TI - [Development of radioimmunologic technique, for the determination of the seric concentration of the rabbit globulin anti human thymocyte ]. PMID- 6981456 TI - [Alpha-1 antitrypsin in venous thromboembolism ]. PMID- 6981457 TI - Germinal centers and the B-cell system. VII. Complement receptors, antigen receptors, immunoglobulin and alkaline phosphatase in germinal centers of the rabbit appendix and popliteal lymph nodes. PMID- 6981458 TI - The development of the human tonsilla palatina. AB - Tonsils of human fetuses at the 8th to the 28th gestational week (g.w.) were investigated by electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections. The development of the tonsilla palatina starts during the 14th g.w. when the mesenchyme underlying the mucous membrane of the tonsillar cavity becomes invaded by mononuclear wandering cells. In fetuses of about the 16th g.w. epithelial crypts grow down into the connective tissue and are infiltrated by T-lymphocytes. At the same time, precursors of interdigitating cells (IDC) can be identified among the epithelial cells. Frequently, lymphocytes and IDC-like cells are in close contact. From these findings it is concluded that the infiltrated crypt epithelium in the human tonsilla palatina represents a T-cell region. Primary follicles develop in earlier fetal stages than in all other secondary lymphoid organs. They contain precursors of dendritic reticulum cells and lymphoid cells that belong to the B cell line. These primary follicles may be considered as the first assemblage of B cell regions in human fetal lymphoid tissue. The present findings indicate that the formation of different stationary elements during the development of B-cell regions and T-cell regions is an important factor for the homing and antigen dependent maturation of different subpopulations of immunocompetent lymphoid cells. PMID- 6981464 TI - [Granular dystrophy (Groenouw I) of the cornea and amyloidosis]. PMID- 6981460 TI - A B-lymphocyte-specific high-turnover protein: constitutive expression in resting B cells and induction of synthesis in proliferating cells. AB - A basic B-cell-specific protein of 35,000 daltons (XM1) is expressed at a high rate--comparable to actin--in resting splenic B lymphocytes of various species. Splenic or thymic T cells or fibroblasts do not express this protein. Upon polyclonal stimulation of B lymphocytes or in proliferating B-lymphocyte-derived cell lines, the synthesis of XM1 is switched off, but it is reinduced by agents that arrest replication, such as mitomycin C, hydroxyurea, ultraviolet light or gamma irradiation. Induction of XM1 after mutagen treatment is fast; the synthesis is regulated on the level of transcription or RNA processing. XM1 is turned over with half-life of less than 2 hr. XM1 is glycosylated. From compartment analysis and Triton solubilization it appears that XM1 is bound to the nuclear membrane. PMID- 6981459 TI - The replication of bacteriophage f1: gene V protein regulates the synthesis of gene II protein. AB - Two filamentous phage gene products are required for the replication of phage DNA. One of these, the gene II protein, is a site-specific endonuclease required for all phage-specific DNA synthesis. The other, the gene V protein, is a single stranded DNA-binding protein required only for single-strand synthesis. Purified gene V protein, when added to an in vitro protein synthesizing system programmed by f1 DNA, specifically inhibits the synthesis of gene II protein. Inhibition seems to be translational, since synthesis of gene II protein from an RNA template is also inhibited by gene V protein. Gene V protein control of gene II expression can account for the regulation of the level of expression of the filamentous phage genome. PMID- 6981462 TI - Induction of the differentiation of memory T killer cells with factors released from macrophage-like cell lines. PMID- 6981463 TI - Human T-cell mediated cytotoxicity: role of subsets and neutralization of cytotoxicity by anti-alpha-lymphotoxin serum. PMID- 6981465 TI - [French Study Group on Color Vision, Paris. Abstracts of the most significant and unpublished reports]. PMID- 6981461 TI - Antigen presentation by peritoneal macrophages from young adult and old mice. PMID- 6981466 TI - [Can the Fechner-Benham phenomenon be used for the detection of color blindness?]. PMID- 6981468 TI - Short-term effect of prednisone on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in normal individuals and in hyper- and hypoparathyroidism. AB - Oral administration of prednisone (30 mg/day for 9 days) to six normal individuals induced a significant rise in the concentration of serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] within 2 days. In four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism a larger increase of 1,25-(OH)-2D was observed within 3 days. In these patients the 1,25-(OH)-2D concentration remained elevated during the whole period of prednisone administration (10 days) whereas in the control group it had returned to basal levels or below after 9 days of prednisone administration. This response appeared dependent upon parathyroid hormone (PTH) as we found no change in the (basally low) 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations in five patients with hypoparathyroidism during 3-4 days of prednisone administration (30 mg/day). In these patients vitamin D medication had been interrupted 3-5 days before the administration of prednisone, whereafter serum calcium was kept between 2.10 and 2.30 mmol/1 by means of calcium infusion. The response of 1,25 (OH)2D to prednisone is best explained by a stimulatory action of glucocorticoids upon PTH secretion or by the induction of increased PTH sensitivity. PMID- 6981470 TI - Isolated systolic hypertension in the community. Data from a population survey and hypertension register in Northern Italy. AB - In the Region Veneto, north-eastern Italy, a survey of three random samples of population aged 20-64 has been made during the initial phase of the international cooperative pilot project called "Community Control Programme of Hypertension", promoted by World Health Organization. 15,187 subjects were examined (47.2% males). The prevalence of "isolated" systolic hypertension (ISH: "casual" blood pressure at or above 160 for systolic readings and below 95 for diastolic) was 6.2%, that of "isolated" diastolic (IDH) 9% and that of "simultaneous" systolic diastolic hypertension (SDH) 15.5%. ISH had an awareness rate of 29.4% and a treatment rate of 10.6%, which is less than for SDH but more than IDH. Analysis of the Hypertension Register set up in one of the three areas showed no important differences in heart rate, Body Mass Index, serum sodium or potassium, B.U.N. and total cholesterol between the different forms of hypertension. The assessment of coronary risk by means of Multiple Logistic Function yielded similar figures for ISH and SDH in males, higher figure for SDH in females. Electrocardiographic changes of left ventricular hypertrophy and of ischaemia were more frequent among subjects with ISH than those with SDH and IDH. It is concluded that ISH is present in a substantial proportion of the population and carries with it no less risk of cardiovascular complications than the other forms of hypertension. PMID- 6981469 TI - Vitamin D metabolism in hyperthyroidism. AB - The serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25 OH D3), 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25(OH)-2D3] and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] were measured in twenty-one patients with untreated hyperthyroidism. Compared with control subjects, 25 OH D3 concentrations were not altered, 24,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were increased, although not significantly and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were decreased (P = 0.01). Following oral carbimazole therapy, 24,25(OH)2D3 concentrations fell (P less than 0.01), 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations increased (P less than 0.01) and 25 OH D3 concentrations were unchanged. The altered 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 concentrations found in hyperthyroidism are probably due to the effects of thyroid hormone on bone and mineral metabolism. Increased serum calcium and phosphate concentrations with secondary hypoparathyroidism result in stimulation of the renal 24-hydroxylase and suppression of the 1-hydroxylase enzymes. In addition, serum 24,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were significantly correlated with serum triiodothyronine levels (T3) (r = 0.66, P less than 0.002) before treatment. This may indicate a direct stimulatory effect of T3 on 24-hydroxylase activity. No relationship was found between serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations before therapy and serum T3. PMID- 6981467 TI - The influence of residual disease after coronary bypass on the 5-year survival rate of 1274 men with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6981471 TI - Defective B cell function in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The in vitro synthesis of specific anti-influenza virus antibody was measured in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 25 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 23 control subjects. Whilst all cultures derived from normal individuals synthesized specific antibody, cultures from patients with SLE were consistently unable to produce anti-influenza antibody. This defect could not be corrected by manipulating the culture conditions or by in vivo immunization. Co-cultivation of separated SLE-B or control B cells, with SLE-T or control T cells showed that the immunodeficiency exhibited by the SLE peripheral blood lymphocytes resides in the B cells. PMID- 6981472 TI - The nature of hepatic lymphocytic infiltrates in the tropical splenomegaly syndrome. AB - The lymphocytes infiltrating the liver of patients with tropical splenomegaly syndrome (TSS) were shown to be mainly T lymphocytes. Migration of leucocytes obtained from patients with TSS was inhibited by TSS liver extract, normal liver extract and liver-specific lipoprotein. These findings suggest that the hepatic infiltrates which occur in TSS are probably caused by a cell-mediated immune response to an antigen present in liver cells. PMID- 6981473 TI - The complement fixing properties and class distribution of rheumatoid factors (antiglobulins) in rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. AB - The MRSPAH (mixed reverse solid-phase passive antiglobulin haemadherence) test for antiglobulins (Agbs) of IgA, IgG and IgM classes has been quantified and also modified to measure their C3 fixing activity. An alternative ELISA technique is also described. Levels of all Agbs and their C3 fixing activity were significantly raised in established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, early RA patients and established SLE patients. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients had normal levels of Agbs and C3 fixation. Patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) had high levels of all Agbs, but these did not fix complement. Thus, C3 fixing activity of Agbs is heterogeneous and raised levels are associated with the presence of joint disease. Isolated IgA, IgG and IgM fractions showed examples of Agbs which fixed C3. The proportion of C3 fixed per unit weight of Agbs was no greater in 'hidden' Agbs from serum and synovial fluids (SFs) than in untreated serum, and Agbs in SF do not fix more C3 than in serum. We conclude that the C3 fixing activity of Agbs is not directly related to affinity. PMID- 6981475 TI - The complement fixing ability of putative circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to extra-articular disease. AB - The hypothesis that the pathogenicity of putative circulating immune complexes (CIC) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is related to their ability to fix complement was investigated. Three assays for CIC were employed; (a) the 125I C1q binding assay (C1q BA), (b) the C1q solid phase assay (C1q SP) and (c) the Raji cell assay (RCA). Evidence for hypercatabolism of complement was obtained by using a highly sensitive quantitative assay for C3d (a breakdown product of C3) by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. One hundred and fifty-two patients with classical or definite RA were studied; 54 had clinical evidence of extra-articular disease including vasculitis, nodules, scleritis, neuropathy and lung disease; 98 patients had clinical evidence of joint disease alone. Plasma levels of C3d were significantly elevated in the RA group as a whole 16.7 +/- 4.4 mg/l (mean +/- 1 s.d.) compared with 13.1 +/- 3.25 mg/l in a group of 55 normal controls (P less than 0.01). Elevated levels of C3d were found in 26% of all patients but occurred significantly more often in the extra-articular disease group (P less than 0.05). Fifty-four percent of patients had at least one positive assay for CIC although no individual assay was positive in more than 36% of the group as a whole. The prevalence of positive CIC was significantly greater in those patients with extra articular disease than in those with joint disease alone (P less than 0.005). Of the total of 82 patients with putative CIC, 30 (37%) had a raised C3d level. The coincident finding of positive tests for CIC and an elevated C3d level was very significantly correlated with the presence of extra-articular disease (chi 2 = 12.7 P = 10(-3)). Whilst putative CIC are frequent in RA (54%) these findings in contrast to previous work, suggest that the majority are not associated with abnormal complement activation and may account for the relative infrequency of clinically detectable active extra-articular disease. PMID- 6981476 TI - Correlation in rheumatoid arthritis of concentrations of plasma C3d, serum rheumatoid factor, immune complexes and C-reactive protein with each other and with clinical features of disease activity. AB - The concentrations of C3d in the plasma and of C-reactive protein (CRP), immune complexes and rheumatoid factor in the serum were measured in 99 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Most patients had raised levels, the values of which correlated with disease activity assessed according to a newly described index based on multivariate analysis of subjective, semi-objective and objective features of the disease. There were also significant correlations between the values for plasma C3d and circulating immune complexes, immune complexes and rheumatoid factor, serum CRP and immune complexes, and serum CRP and plasma C3d. Measurement of plasma C3d provides a useful means of detecting in vivo complement activation, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, but neither C3d levels nor any of the other variables correlated as closely with disease activity as did the serum CRP concentration. PMID- 6981474 TI - Physiological aspects of circulating immune complexes in the normal population. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) have been investigated in 100 normal subjects; the RIA-Raji and the C1q-BA conventional methods, as well as a new solid phase microassay utilizing purified C1q and the systematic search of cryoprecipitates were employed. CIC serum levels did not differ in regards to sex; in relation to age, values for C1q-BA were identical in subjects from 0 to 60 years and also in those beyond age 60; the differences encountered by RIA-Raji or by the C1q-SP microassay in these two main groups were not statistically significant. Cryoprecipitates were present in 100% of the 68 examined subjects. Immunoglobulins (G, A and M), anti-nucleic acid (DNA and Poly A) and CIC (by the three methods) were present in the cryoprecipitates while lymphocytotoxins, rheumatoid factor and C3 were undetectable; protein content of the cryoprecipitates increased significantly with age, reaching a normal superior limit of 0.52 mg/ml beyond age 30. These findings further support the role played by CIC in normal immune response and may help in the understanding of the physiopathology of clinical conditions associated with immune complexes. PMID- 6981477 TI - Circulating T lymphocytes in Hashimoto's disease: imbalance of subsets and presence of activated cells. PMID- 6981479 TI - Vascular immunopathology in interstitial cystitis. PMID- 6981478 TI - Induction of proliferation of human T cells and T-cell blasts by monocyte-derived factors and lectin. PMID- 6981480 TI - A unique monoclonal antibody inhibits the second wave of platelet aggregation. PMID- 6981481 TI - Cytotoxic antibodies to natural killer cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6981482 TI - Influence of age of thymic grafts on the differentiation of T cells in nude mice. PMID- 6981483 TI - Sodium fluoride in the treatment of osteoporosis. PMID- 6981485 TI - A critical appraisal of the electrical output characteristics of ten transcutaneous nerve stimulators. AB - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation as a non-invasive technique for the relief of pain is becoming very popular. The electrical characteristics of ten commercially available stimulators were examined. Particular attention was paid to their performance under varying loads, and to the calibration of their amplitude, pulse width and frequency controls. The need for accurate, and reproducible stimulation parameters and for clear information from the manufactures is emphasised. PMID- 6981487 TI - Cross-sectional study of orthodontic treatment and missing of permanent teeth in two birth cohorts of Finnish students according to sex. AB - Undergraduate students (n = 451) at a Finnish university were studied. For analysis, the subjects were divided into two birth cohorts: those born before 1955, and those born in that year or later. Information about previous orthodontic appliance therapy was obtained from the students by using a structured questionnaire. Missing permanent teeth (second and third molars excluded) were recorded at a dental examination. Every 10th student had received orthodontic treatment; the proportion of orthodontically treated subjects was higher for females (14%) than for males (5%). Seven percent of students born in 1954 or earlier and 15% of the younger students had had orthodontic treatment before 1977. In 39% of subjects, at least one permanent tooth was missing while only 12% had lost more than two permanent teeth. The tooth missing most often was the permanent mandibular first molar (in 23% of subjects). Frequency of tooth loss was the same in males and females. At least one permanent tooth was missing in 48% of the older and in 31% of the younger students. At least one first molar had been lost by 36% of the older students and 20% of the younger ones. Fewer first molars but more permanent teeth anterior to the first molars were missing in subjects who had had orthodontic treatment than in subjects who had not had such treatment. Among Finnish students the frequency of extraction of permanent teeth because of caries is decreasing, and the frequency of orthodontic treatment is increasing. Females are more likely to seek orthodontic treatment than males are. PMID- 6981484 TI - Hemophilus influenzae epiglottitis occurring concurrently in two siblings. AB - Epiglottis (more properly supraglottitis) is a potentially life-threatening infection of the supraglottic larynx that is most often caused by Hemophilus influenzae type B (HITB). Intrafamily spread of HITB disease has been described often for meningitis, but is rarely reported in epiglottis. We describe two siblings seen concurrently with HITB epiglottitis and discuss prophylaxis of family members and close contacts. PMID- 6981488 TI - Developmental changes in non-histone chromosomal proteins of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). AB - 1. Chromatins were isolated from liver, brain, kidney, spleen, heart muscle and erythrocytes of the bullfrog and its tadpole, Rana catesbeiana and their non histone chromosomal proteins (NHC proteins) were compared by a simple electrophoretic method. 2. No qualitative but quantitative variations in the composition of NHC proteins were found among the tissues examine. 3. The tissue of tadpole and frog were classified into three groups according to their electrophoretic pattern of NHC proteins' brain, heart muscle and spleen showing almost the same pattern, liver and kidney showing different pattern in some components, and erythrocytes showing markedly different pattern. 4. Component D3 occurring i the frog liver, not in the tadpole, was found to increase in the tadpole liver during natural and thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. PMID- 6981489 TI - Computed tomographic findings in cerebellar astrocytoma. PMID- 6981490 TI - Modification of the Hemoccult slide test for occult blood in gastric juice. AB - The Hemoccult slide test is used frequently to test for the presence of occult blood in samples of gastric juice obtained from critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of this test to determine the presence of blood in human gastric juice at various pH values. Gastric aspirates were collected from 10 patients who had nasogastric tubes and were receiving nothing by mouth. These aspirates were adjusted to a range of pH values varying from 1 to 8. The aspirates were then tested by the Hemoccult slide method. The tests were repeated after (1) addition of whole blood and (2) subsequent addition of antacid. False negative results were found when the pH was below 2 and false positive results were found when the pH was between 2 to 4. When 3 drops of aspirate were added to 1 ml of a 0.2 M borate buffer at pH 8.6, and the Hemoccult slide test was performed on the resulting mixture, false negative and false positive reactions were eliminated. We conclude that the addition of the gastric juice sample to a borate buffer before performing the Hemoccult slide test makes this a reliable method of determining the presence or absence of occult blood. PMID- 6981486 TI - Development of diagnostic noninvasive imaging. PMID- 6981491 TI - HLA systems and rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6981492 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin PiM subtypes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) PMID- 6981493 TI - In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of N-formimidoyl thienamycin compared to that of second and third generation cephalosporins. AB - N-Formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) was found to be active against 21 gram negative isolates, selected for their beta-lactamase production. None of the crude beta-lactamases could hydrolyze MK0787 or cefoxitin, in contrast to cefotaxime which was moderately attacked by a number of enzymes. MK0787 behaved as a moderate inhibitor of most beta-lactamases, whereas cefoxitin and cefotaxime were strong inhibitors of cephalosporinases but not of broad-spectrum enzymes. The new compound had good penetration characteristics in a strain of Enterobacter cloacae, in contrast to cefoxitin. Against a number of trained cefamandole- and cefoxitin-resistant variants, MK0787 was clearly the most active of the compounds tested. PMID- 6981495 TI - [Recurring gastrointestinal hemorrhage through a persisting accessory pancreatic duct. An unusual complication of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6981494 TI - Meningitis due to beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae: successful treatment with cefuroxime. AB - We have studied the clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in 3 children aged 5, 7 and 10 months who were suffering from meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae group b (beta-lactamase producers). The MICs of chloramphenicol against these three beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae isolates were 8, 3.1 and 16 micrograms/ml, and those of cefuroxime were 0.25, 0.5 and 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively. The dosage of cefuroxime was 100 mg/kg/day divided in four 6-hourly intravenous doses for 15 days, and 10 mg given intrathecally every 48 h. Blood and spinal fluid levels were determined by microbiological assay. All the 3 children had excellent clinical and bacteriological responses with negative spinal fluid cultures after 48 h of treatment. PMID- 6981496 TI - Benign ulceration of the cecum presenting with massive hemorrhage: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to benign cecal ulceration is a rare occurrence. The diagnosis of bleeding from this benign condition is rarely entertained and is often a finding on a pathologic examination. A case of massive hemorrhage from a cecal ulcer is presented, and the literature is reviewed. The role of angiographic demonstration of the lesion, if angiography is readily available, is emphasized, but surgery is the definitive therapy. PMID- 6981497 TI - Ribonuclease C and pancreatic secretory proteins in the peripheral circulation before and after pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6981498 TI - The relationship between alcohol use and other drug use among New York State college students. AB - A questionnaire dealing with alcohol and drug use was administered to a representative sample of 7723 New York State undergraduate students. Those students who were heavy drinkers were also more likely to use tobacco, marijuana, and other drugs. Factor analysis revealed patterns of use of four distinct types of drugs: "party" drugs, medical sedatives, inhalants, and psychedelic drugs. Users of party drugs were typically male, white and American-born. Sedative users were typically female, white and older students. Inhalant users were typically male, while psychedelic drug users tended to be white Americans of either sex. PMID- 6981499 TI - Adverse reactions and seeking medical treatment among student cannabis users. PMID- 6981500 TI - Patterns of drug use among secondary school children in post-revolutionary Iran. AB - A sample survey of 712 Iranian youths aged 14 - 18 years, attending secondary schools in the city of Isfahan, indicated that 11% had had experience of drug abuse. The most common pattern was the experimental use of opium, with a minority of users having also used hashish or heroin. No other drugs were reported, but a significant association between the use of opium and of cigarettes and, to a lesser extent, alcohol was observed. However, given a relatively early peak in initiation to opium smoking, it seems that the initiation to the use of cigarettes and alcohol is contemporary with, rather than preceding the initiation to opium. Drug migration patterns described in Western samples and in some areas of South East Asia are not applicable to more traditional societies. PMID- 6981503 TI - An uncommon endoscopic finding: bleeding secondary aortoenteric fistula. AB - Aortoenteric fistula is a complication of aortic reconstructive surgery. Here, the authors describe a case of a secondary aortoduodenal fistula causing haemorrhage. Diagnosis was made by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 6981501 TI - [Endoscopic injection for haemostasis in the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - Haemostasis by endoscopic injection was attempted in 169 patients with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage between 1976 and 1982. Despite various caused initial haemostasis in the upper and lower digestive tract was achieved in 95%. Recurrences were seen in 10%. Definitive haemostasis thus was 85%. Best results were obtained in Mallory-Weiss syndrome, angiodysplasia and post-polypectomy haemorrhage. The success rate for gastroduodenal ulcers was around 75 to 80%. Until now no complications have been observed. Apart from effectiveness, the injection method has the advantage of simplicity and little technical needs over other procedures. PMID- 6981502 TI - Differential effects of parathyroid hormone on the renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production of young and adult rats. AB - In young rats, PTH markedly stimulates the renal conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], the biologically active form of vitamin D3. With increasing age, serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 decreases while serum PTH increases. Therefore, the effect of PTH on the renal metabolism of 25OHD3 to 24,25-(OH)2D3 or 1,25-(OH)2D3 was compared in young and adult rats. Rats were housed in the dark and fed a low Ca, vitamin D-deficient diet for 4-6 weeks, and thyroparathyroidectomy was performed. Renal 25OHD3 metabolism was measured in vitro by incubating renal cortical slices with tritiated 25OHD3 and quantifying tritiated metabolites by high pressure liquid chromatography. When young (2 months old) thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats were repleted with PTH by ip injection, 1,25-(OH)2D3 production increased 61%, and 24,25-(OH)2D3 production decreased to 40%. When adult (13 months old) TPTX rats were repleted with PTH, there was no increase in 1,25-(OH)2D3, but 24,25-(OH)2D3 production decreased to 43%. When PTH was added in vitro by incubating renal slices from young TPTX rats for 4 h, 1,25-(OH)2D3 production increased 68%, and 24,25-(OH)2D3 production decreased to 71%. In slices from adult rats, 24,25-(OH)2D3 production was decreased significantly to 71%, and 1,25-(OH)2D3 production was unaffected by PTH. The PTH-stimulated increase in the cAMP content of renal slices from adult rats was 75% that of slices from young rats. These studies demonstrate that PTH modulates renal 24,25-(OH)2D3 production in the adult. However, PTH does not modulate renal 1,25-(OH)2D3 production in the adult under the same conditions that produce a PTH effect in the young animal. PMID- 6981504 TI - Sclerotherapy of a bleeding duodenal varix. AB - A case of successful treatment of a bleeding duodenal varix in a patient with portal hypertension and compensated cryptogenic cirrhosis (Child A) is reported. The 42-year-old man had a history of recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage over 14 years. In 1966 he underwent a portocaval shunt operation. Angiography in 1968 revealed a thrombosis of the shunt as well as of the splenic vein. Splenectomy was performed because of hypersplenism. In 1980 bleeding from esophageal varices occurred and was treated by sclerotherapy. Seven weeks after sclerotherapy massive bleeding from a duodenal varix occurred. Sclerotherapy of the duodenal varix via a flexible endoscope proved successful. Since then, during a follow-up period of 15 months, the patient has had no further bleeding episodes. PMID- 6981506 TI - The spectral characteristics of postural sway behaviour. AB - To determine whether recognisable profiles of sway behaviour are characteristically found among normal subjects the energy content of a contiguous series of bandwidths were computed from power density spectra of the sway behaviour of 29 young men and 29 young women. No significant differences were observed over time either in the energy content or in the profile shape of the power spectral density (PSD) records when these were subjected to a multivariate profile analysis of variance. It was observed that the majority of energy in the power spectrum, viz. 90% (+/- 4%) in the antero-posterior and 95% (+/- 3%) in the lateral direction, was below 2.0 Hz. Three dominant frequencies of sway were identifiable in 93% of subjects. The modal frequencies in the antero-posterior direction were 0.30-0.45 Hz (primary), 0.60-0.75 Hz (secondary) and 1.05-1.20 Hz (tertiary), and in the lateral direction 0.30-0.45 Hz (primary), 0.45-0.60 Hz (secondary) and 0.75-0.90 Hz (tertiary). These three dominant frequencies were distributed over the full frequency range. An explanation of their origins was not sought but the suggestion is made that they could be driven by common dynamic physiological events. The patterns of energy distribution were simplified and quantified by the calculation of a difference-ratio index. The broad dispersion of the values of this index precludes the suggestion that there could be any clustering of profiles. It is concluded that the frequently postulated clustering of the sway patterns of young adults into recognisable and distinct profiles is without firm foundation. Instead it is suggested that sway behaviour is probably normally and randomly distributed about common respiratory, cardiac and perhaps also other dynamic physiological events. PMID- 6981505 TI - Magnesium and magnesium adenosine triphosphate activation of human propionyl CoA carboxylase and beta-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase. AB - Free magnesium and MgATP2- are required for activation of the mitochondrial enzymes pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl CoA carboxylase and beta-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase. Previous studies have demonstrated that free Mg2+ interacts with either a Mg2+- binding site or one of the two MgATP2- sites that are required for the allosteric activation of pyruvate carboxylase. We have shown that similar Mg2+ and MgATP2- interactions occur to activate propionyl CoA carboxylase and beta-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase. Thus, Mg2+ and MgATP2- activation, because it is common to structurally similar carboxylases, may constitute a general mode of carboxylase activation. PMID- 6981507 TI - Acute phase proteins, humoral and cell mediated immunity in environmentally induced hyperthermia in man. AB - The effects of repeated hyperthermia, caused by a Finnish sauna bath over 1 week, on the serum levels of some acute phase reactant proteins and on both humoral and cell-mediated immunity on twelve healthy young volunteers are presented. The mean rise in rectal temperature during each 30-min period in the bath was about 1.3 degrees C. Heat exposure caused significant increases in the serum concentrations of two of the acute phase reactant proteins, alpha1-antitrypsin (from a mean value of 1.8 (0.1) to 1.9 (0.2) g X l-1, p less than 0.01) and transferrin (from a mean value of 36.9 (3.4) to 38.3 (4.4) mumol X l-1, p less than 0.05), but no changes occurred in immunoglobulins or cell-mediated immunity. These findings suggest that environmentally induced hyperthermia can initiate the acute phase reaction associated with fever. PMID- 6981508 TI - Experimental study for cancer diagnosis with positron-labeled fluorinated glucose analogs: [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-mannose: a new tracer for cancer detection. AB - 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-mannose (18F FDM) were tested as tumor diagnostic agents in a transplantable rat tumor and rabbit tumors. Tissue distribution studies in rats showed high tumor uptakes of both radiopharmaceuticals. The tumor uptake reached 2.65 +/- 0.61% dose 18 dose F FDG/g and 2.65 +/- 0.81% dose 18F-FDM/g at 60 min and remained relatively constant until 120 min. Blood clearance both 18F-FDG and 18F-FDM was very rapid and tumor-to-blood ratios reached 22.1 and 29.4 at 60 min, respectively. Tumor-to tissue ratios of both radiopharmaceuticals were very high in most organs, especially in the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Positron emission tomography (PET) of rabbit tumor with 18F-FDM clearly delineated the main tumor, central necrosis, and lymph node metastases. These data suggested that 18F-FDM, which is a by product of 18F-FDG synthesis was also an excellent cancer diagnostic agent as well as 18F-FDG. This is not only a new feature of 18F-FDM, but also an economical improvement on cancer diagnosis by PET. PMID- 6981510 TI - CT techniques. AB - Since the advent of whole-body CT scanning in 1974, many studies have been made in its application to all parts of the body. One of the most fruitful areas has been CT of the spinal cord. The only limitation appears to be the technique used; there is no substitute for a good technique. We shall first review standard CT techniques, then mention special techniques for spinal cord work, and finally discuss the future. PMID- 6981511 TI - Computer tomographical analysis of central cerebral haemorrhage resulting from closed head injury. AB - In a series of 819 patients with recent closed head injuries, 20 cases were found to exhibit traumatic central brain haemorrhage analogous to spontaneous central brain haemorrhage in computed tomography. Computed tomographical findings, clinical evolution and the predictable course of these 20 patients have been reviewed. 7 patients died (35% mortality rate). PMID- 6981512 TI - Total and surface-located sialic acid levels in normal and leukaemic lymphocytes: relationship to T and B cell nature and to location in vivo. AB - Unfractionated normal blood lymphocytes (predominantly T lymphocytes) showed significantly elevated total and neuraminidase-susceptible sialic acid compared with CLL lymphocytes (predominantly B lymphocytes). T-enriched fractions from normal blood contained about three-fold the sialic acid content of the corresponding T-depleted fractions, and similarly low values were also obtained for T-depleted fractions from tonsils. Thus the reduced sialic acid levels in CLL lymphocytes appear to be due to their B cell nature. In contrast to the situation in normal peripheral venous blood, tonsillar T and B cells did not differ markedly in sialic acid content, suggesting that for T cells maturity and/or location in vivo are important determinants of this parameters. Results with calf thymocytes were in agreement with this. Sialic acid was estimated in malignant B and T lymphoblasts. Shedding of sialic acid-containing moieties from lymphocytes was also examined. PMID- 6981509 TI - Production of 18F-labelled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose and preliminary imaging results. AB - To allow an additional approach to the study of brain metabolism in our laboratory, the synthesis of 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG) has been adapted by the development of simple, reliable control techniques for routine use. By positron emission computed tomography, it has been established, in the baboon Papio papio, that there was a correlation between an epileptic focus and an increase in glucose incorporation. On the other hand, in man, a comparison between the local glucose utilization, cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption has showed, in patients with ischaemic strokes, a disruption in the normal flow metabolism couple. PMID- 6981513 TI - Experimental autoimmune uveitis in the athymic nude rat. AB - A single injection of the retinal soluble antigen (S-Ag, 30 micrograms) to the Lewis or the heterozygous (rnu/+) rats induces a severe bilateral uveitis, characterized initially by infiltration of the retina with inflammatory cells. The athymic nude rat (homozygous rnu/rnu), which lacks the thymus gland and T cell-mediated functions, does not develop ocular inflammatory disease, clinically of histologically, after repeated challenges with S-Ag. Circulating anti-S-Ag antibodies were found in S-Ag-immunized Lewis rats and in the heterozygous, but not the athymic nude rats. Good proliferative responses to concanavalin A, S-Ag and purified protein derivitive of tuberculin (PPD) were found in lymphocyte cultures prepared from the draining lymph nodes of immunized heterozygous rats, but not when lymphocytes from the athymic nude rats were used. Uveitis could be induced in the athymic nude rat when lymphocytes from S-Ag-immunized heterozygous rats were transferred to them. By stimulating the donor lymphocytes in vitro with S-Ag before transfer, the number of recipients that developed uveitis was increased. On the other hand, it was impossible to transfer disease with hyperimmune serum alone. The possible role of T lymphocytes in the induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis with S-Ag is discussed. PMID- 6981515 TI - Postirradiation thymocyte regeneration after bone marrow transplantation. III. Intrathymic differentiation and development of thymocyte subpopulations. AB - Fluorescence distributions of thymocytes stained for Thy-1 as well as size measurements were used to discriminate between thymocyte subpopulations during regeneration of the thymus after irradiation and bone marrow transplantation. Subpopulations with "low" and "high" Thy-1 density of donor- and recipient derived progeny were quantitated. They were continuously present in the thymus and developed simultaneously but at different rates of growth. A similar developmental pattern was observed for donor- and host-derived "high" Thy-1+ cells, whereas "low" Thy-1+ cells of donor and recipient origin showed markedly different growth patterns. This indicated that development of the two subpopulations took place independently. During early regeneration donor-derived "low" and "high" Thy-1+ cells contain a high proportion of large cells, indicating the presence of cycling cells in both subpopulations. PMID- 6981514 TI - IgM- and IgD-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes differentiate to IgM but not IgG or IgA immunoglobulin-secreting cells. AB - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were depleted of surface IgM+ or IgD+ cells and assayed for mitogen-induced differentiation to immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) of IgM, IgG and IgA classes. Stimulatory agents included T cell dependent pokeweed mitogen, B cell mitogen Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strain Cowan I, and a combination of the two which gives uniform, high levels of ISC from all normal donors. Depletion of either IgM- or IgD-bearing B lymphocytes resulted in loss of cells bearing the other Ig class and blocked most of the mitogenic reactivity to anti-IgM and anti-IgD. Proliferative responses to Cowan I in these depleted populations were about 20% that of unfractionated mononuclear cells. Depletion of T cells increased the mitogenic response to Cowan I and to the two antibody preparations, showing that they are T-independent mitogens. Depletion of IgD+ cells caused partial loss of mitogen-induced IgM ISC (22%-60% of unseparated controls) but no loss of IgG or IgA ISC. Depletion of IgM-bearing cells caused complete loss of IgM ISC, but no loss of IgG or IgA ISC. We previously demonstrated that anti-IgM ISC, but no loss of IgG or IgA ISC. We previously demonstrated that anti-IgM antibody blocked mitogen induction of Ig secretion of these three classes in spleen cells, but only IgM secretion in blood mononuclear cells. Together, the results suggest that the majority of cells in normal blood responding to mitogens to mature to IgG or IgA production belong to IgM-, IgD- B cell subjects, in contrast to precursors of secreting cells for these isotypes in the spleen. Thus, these blood precursors appear to be more mature than the corresponding spleen cells. PMID- 6981516 TI - Differential actions of calcium antagonists on calcium binding to cardiac sarcolemma. AB - The action of four calcium antagonistic drugs, including verapamil, bepridil, nifedipine, and diltiazem, on calcium binding to cardiac sarcolemma from guniea pig was tested. It was found that verapamil (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) inhibited calcium binding to a great extent. Bepridil at the same concentrations was less potent than verapamil in the depression of calcium binding. Nifedipine and diltiazem did not affect sarcolemmal calcium binding. The differential action of the calcium antagonistic drugs was discussed. PMID- 6981517 TI - Effects of 5-(N,N-diethylamino)-n-pentyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride (TMB-5) on cardiovascular systems. AB - The effects of 5-(N,N-diethylamino)-pentyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride (TMB-5) were studied pharmacologically on smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, blood vessel and cardiac preparations. In all cases, TMB-5 inhibited muscle contractions induced by muscle stimulants such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, KCl and BaCl2, indicating that the muscle inhibition induced by TMB-5 is unrelated to specific receptors. TMB-5 was found to be most potent in inhibiting skeletal muscles (at 10(-6)-10(-5) M level) and least effective in inhibiting smooth muscles (at 10(-4)-10(-3) M level). The potency of vascular inhibition was in between these two levels (at 10(-4) M level). The ability of TMB-5 to raise the threshold of cardiac arrhythmias was quite good at 7X10(-7)-7X10(-6) M. It is concluded that TMB-5 could be a good antiarrhythmic agent with some skeletal muscle relaxation action. PMID- 6981519 TI - Vanadate inhibits saltatory organelle movement in a permeabilized cell model. PMID- 6981518 TI - Interaction of murine colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) with alveolar mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 6981520 TI - Brief report: qualitative differences in the biological activity of two sources of colony stimulating factor: GCT conditioned medium and leucocyte feeder layers. AB - A most stringent test for the non-identity of biologically active materials is provided by the techniques used for parallel line type bioassay of these materials. We have studied commercially available GCT conditioned medium using a parallel line type biological assay for granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors (GM-CSF) and mononuclear leucocytes as a reference source of GM-CSF. Only test and reference GM-CSF sources which have active constituents with identical dose response characteristics can produce parallel line displacement in this assay system. GCT conditioned medium failed to produce parallel displacements in five different assays. We must therefore conclude that one or more active factors from the test and reference sources of GM-CSF (GCT conditioned medium and mononuclear leucocytes) are not identical. This indicates a need for caution when substituting GCT conditioned medium for leucocyte feeder layers in human bone marrow cultures. PMID- 6981521 TI - Comparative effects of thrombopoietin and colony-stimulating factors. AB - The possible relationships between thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factors (TSF or thrombopoietin) and colony-stimulating factors (CSF) were studied. Various CSF rich preparations and two lots of TSF-rich human embryonic kidney cell culture medium were tested for their ability to stimulate 35S incorporation into platelets of immunothrombocythemic mice. The TSF-rich culture medium produced linear dose-responses between the amount of medium injected and the level of 35S incorporation into platelets of assay mice. Thirteen CSF-rich preparations were used in three separate experiments; the results indicated a lack of correlation (r = 0.003) between CSF activity and the ability of these preparations to stimulate 35S incorporation into platelets of assay mice. Moreover, purified L cell CSF was inactive in the TSF assay. When the colony stimulating activity in preparations rich in TSF were neutralized with anti-CSF serum, the material's ability to stimulate platelet production in mice was not affected. Based on these results, we conclude that TSF and CSF are separate entities. PMID- 6981522 TI - Erythromycin and bromhexine in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. A study on sputum penetration and clinical effectiveness. AB - A group of 22 patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated with 1 g erythromycin ethyl succinate granules twice daily orally for 10 days. Half the patients were given bromhexine additionally and the other half received placebo instead. Serum and sputum erythromycin concentrations were measured microbiologically at intervals after the first dose. The clinical results in both treated groups were rather poor, with many patients becoming infected again immediately after the chemotherapy. Blood and sputum concentrations of erythromycin did not greatly differ in the two patient groups. The sputum concentration of erythromycin was often higher than the blood concentration at the same time. The MIC's of erythromycin (in particular, those for the Haemophilus influenzae strains) were often higher than the drug concentrations attained in the sputum. PMID- 6981524 TI - Modulation of axonal excitability mediated by surround electric activity: an intra-axonal study. AB - Intra-axonal recordings were obtained in vitro from frog sciatic nerve axons. Adjusting whole nerve stimulation current to just subthreshold for the impaled axon elicited triphasic threshold changes in that axon. Threshold changes were determined by direct intra-axonal current application. Graded subthreshold depolarizations were present in many axons during the passage of action potentials in surrounding axons. When nerve branches were stimulated and axon recordings were obtained from the main nerve trunk, both branches, the one that activated the impaled axon and the one that did not, elicited threshold changes in the impaled axon. These data indicate on a cellular level that impulse activity in an intact nerve bundle can modulate the excitability of adjacent nonactivated fibers. PMID- 6981523 TI - HLA and farmer's lung. PMID- 6981526 TI - Function of the activated fourth component of complement (C4b) in activation of C2. PMID- 6981525 TI - Protein--protein interactions and their contribution in stabilizing frog myosin. PMID- 6981527 TI - Epidermal growth factor controls the proliferation and the expression of differentiation in canine thyroid cells in primary culture. PMID- 6981528 TI - Activating effect of destomycin A on adenylate cyclase from several animal tissues. PMID- 6981530 TI - [Physiologic mechanisms of the "arousal response" in hypobiotic animals]. PMID- 6981531 TI - Post-neonatal mortality in rural India: implications of an economic model. AB - In this paper we develop and test a theory of childhood mortality after the first month of life. Parents are assumed to have well-defined family size and sex composition objectives and to face severe budget constraints. In this set of circumstances, it is understandable that they will make allocative decisions that will affect the survival probabilities of children. These decisions and the environmental influences on mortality are the basic forces which determine whether a child will survive through the post-neonatal period. The model is tested with survey data from rural Uttar Pradesh, India. The results are consistent with the hypothetical framework discussed above. The burden of this pattern of choice is felt particularly strongly by female births. PMID- 6981532 TI - A comparison of Bracen and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in children. PMID- 6981533 TI - Induction of DNA synthesis in amphibian erythroid nuclei in Rana eggs following conditioning in meiotic oocytes. PMID- 6981529 TI - [Current approaches to the problem of correcting hyper-IgE antibody production]. PMID- 6981535 TI - [Disability. Its causes and socioeconomic impact]. PMID- 6981534 TI - Night and day wetting among a population of three-year-olds. AB - An epidemiological study of the emotional and intellectual development of 705 three-year-old children was used to estimate the prevalence of day and night wetting and to examine some factors associated with continence. 56 per cent of boys and 40 per cent of girls were stated to be wet at night. 22 per cent of boys and 12 per cent of girls were wet by day. These prevalence rates are higher than those reported in most other studies, and the possible reasons for this are discussed. Wetting at this age seems to be largely under the control of maturational factors, there being minimal evidence of an association between wetting status and a wide variety of social, emotional and physical stresses. PMID- 6981536 TI - A retrovirus associated with human adult T-cell leukemia: in vitro activation. PMID- 6981537 TI - Massive gastrointestinal bleeding in Crohn's disease: successful control by intra arterial vasopressin infusion. AB - A case of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding from Crohn's disease is reported. This is an uncommon complication of the disease and the literature is reviewed. Successful control of gastrointestinal bleeding by intra-arterial vasopressin infusion has not previously been reported in Crohn's disease. We suggest that this technique may be used in an attempt to avoid surgery. PMID- 6981538 TI - [The role of emergency endoscopy in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding]. PMID- 6981539 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass grafting--indications, limitations and advantages]. PMID- 6981541 TI - [The significance of cellular surface markers in lymphoproliferative disorders]. PMID- 6981540 TI - [Splenorenal shunt for bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 6981542 TI - Perkal's indices in the characteristics of the european bison's (Bison bonasus L.) body. PMID- 6981544 TI - Places of arising and the initial course of bronchial arteries in some Catarrhina. PMID- 6981545 TI - Angioarchitectonics of the renal cortex. PMID- 6981543 TI - Contribution to studies on the greater omentum in the fetal period. PMID- 6981546 TI - Morphology and topography of parasympathetic ganglia of sublingual region in rabbit. PMID- 6981548 TI - Topography of dendrites of neurons of the nucleus ambiguus. PMID- 6981547 TI - Comparative light microscopic study of the lobes of the rat prostate. PMID- 6981551 TI - The effect of testosterone on secretory segments of rat parotid gland. PMID- 6981552 TI - Histology and ultrastructure of the pineal gland in mature female domestic pig. PMID- 6981549 TI - Histological and ultrastructural studies on the pineal gland of castrated male and pregnant female of domestic pig. PMID- 6981550 TI - Angioarchitectonics of the oculomotor nerve nucleus in dog. PMID- 6981553 TI - Hypothalamic afferents to the amygdala of the cat. PMID- 6981555 TI - Histological structure of the blood vessels of the paraovarian arterio-venous plexus in pig. PMID- 6981554 TI - The general structure and localization of the posterior part of the solitary tract nucleus in the rat. PMID- 6981556 TI - Connections between the lumbar and the sacral plexus in man. PMID- 6981557 TI - Morphology of interganglionic and transverse branches in the pelvic segment of the sympathetic trunk in human fetuses. PMID- 6981558 TI - Types of connections of papillary muscles with atrio-ventricular valve in primates. PMID- 6981560 TI - Intraorganic venous splenic vessels in man. PMID- 6981559 TI - Variability of arising and course in posterior spinal arteries in their intracranial and cervical part in human fetuses. PMID- 6981561 TI - Variability of arteries vascularizing the colon in human fetuses. PMID- 6981562 TI - Evaluation of the mechanical resistance of the compact bone from shafts of various bovine bones. PMID- 6981563 TI - Segmental and subsegmental arteries of the apical segment of the lower lobe of the left lung in man. PMID- 6981564 TI - Variation of the arteria profunda femoris in man. PMID- 6981565 TI - New idea of the maturation of human ovary and gonadal dysgenesia. PMID- 6981566 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid as an element of biological protection of the spinal cord. PMID- 6981568 TI - Late changes in the ventral lobe of the rat prostate after the removal of bulbo urethral glands or seminal vesicles. Histological and histoenzymatic studies. PMID- 6981567 TI - Contribution to studies on the apparent ascent of the spinal cord in human fetuses. PMID- 6981569 TI - Morphology and topography of the pterygopalatine ganglion in the guinea pig. PMID- 6981570 TI - Congenital cervical situs of the heart in a 2,5 years-old cow. PMID- 6981571 TI - Morphometric study of the brachial plexus in bustard (Otis tarda L., 1758). PMID- 6981573 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of psychiatric epidemiological surveys of geographically defined populations in Europe]. PMID- 6981572 TI - [Acute liver failure--therapeutic aspects 1982]. AB - Fulminant hepatic failure is a relatively rare disease. It develops in approximately 400 patients per year in the Federal Republic of Germany after viral hepatitis, toxic hepatitis or hypoxia of the liver. The mortality ranges between 80 - 90%. Therapy must start early. It consists mainly of intensive conservative care. Of the variety of invasive therapeutic measures only baboon liver perfusion and plasma exchange applied early in the disease seem to be of any benefit. PMID- 6981574 TI - [The rheumatic process in patients with progressive polyarthritis]. PMID- 6981575 TI - The effect of propranolol on portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis: a hemodynamic study. AB - The gradient between wedged and free hepatic venous pressures was measured in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis before and 1, 3, and 9 months after continuous oral administration of propranolol at doses reducing the heart rate by 25% or after administration of a placebo. The gradient between wedged and free hepatic venous pressures decreased throughout the duration of propranolol administration, and it did not significantly change in the patients receiving placebo. Since the gradient between wedged and free hepatic venous pressures closely reflects portal venous pressure in alcoholic cirrhosis, it is concluded that continuous oral administration of propranolol produced sustained reduction in portal venous pressure in these patients. PMID- 6981577 TI - Propranolol in the treatment of portal hypertension: a caution. PMID- 6981578 TI - Cyclosporin A-immunobiological aspects. PMID- 6981579 TI - Adaptation of human long-term B lymphoblastoid cell lines to chemically defined, serum-free media. AB - Attempts were made to adapt human long-term B lymphoblastoid cell lines to prolonged growth in serum-free, chemically defined media. A newly described medium, which is an enriched modification of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing additional amino acids and vitamins, was used. The serum is totally replaced by albumin, transferrin, and soybean lipid. The cell lines were all adaptable from RPMI 1640 over a period of time during which the 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration was reduced and then eliminated in successive steps. After 3 to 6 wk minor alterations in cell shape and adhesion were noted without significant histological changes. Growth characteristics were comparable in the new medium provided a double initial inoculum was used. A panel of cell surface markers, including surface immunoglobulins, Ia antigens, Fc and complement receptors, and T and B erythrocyte rosettes, all showed no altered expression. Molecular genotyping of Ia antigens was carried out by 3-D gel electrophoresis. The antigens showed their full polymorphism without change and were shed into the new culture medium without alteration. Chromosome analysis was performed on Q banded karyotypes from one of the lines and showed no alteration resulting from the change to serum-free conditions. Thus long-term B lymphoblastoid cell lines can be adapted to prolonged growth in serum-free medium. This will facilitate the assay and isolation of cell products regulating lymphocyte function and the identification and characterization of cell surface molecules free of interference from undefined serum components. PMID- 6981576 TI - Epidermal growth factor: its biologic and metabolic effects with emphasis on the hepatocyte. PMID- 6981580 TI - The replacement of monocytes and interleukin-1 by phorbol ester in lectin-induced proliferation of human thymocytes and T cells. PMID- 6981582 TI - Plasma cells and their precursors. II. Kinetics of B-memory cell production in rabbits. AB - Rabbits were irradiated with 4.5 Gy in order to eliminate completely preexisting antibody-forming cell precursors. Sheep red blood cells were administered 24 h or 8 days after irradiation in order to induce the production of IgG B-memory AFCP. Resulting B-memory cells were triggered into antibody synthesis by a second dose of SRBC given 8 days after the challenge; the resulting IgG antibody clones were analyzed by isoelectric focusing. Memory IgG antibody clones were detectable from the third day after secondary immunization onward. It is concluded that antigen administered as early as 24 h after the irradiation induces B-memory cell production equally well as primary immunization 8 days after the irradiation. This B-memory cell production proceeds in the absence of detectable primary IgG antibody formation. Irradiated non-immunized rabbits showed spontaneous reappearance of IgG-AFCP with specificities to SRBC. In sharp contrast to the specifically induced production of B-memory IgG-AFCP mentioned above, this process took more than two months to reach potentialities comparable to those of "preexistent" AFCP present in normal, control rabbits. PMID- 6981581 TI - The use of TNP-conjugated polyacrylamide beads in a C1q binding inhibition test for circulating immune complexes. AB - A new assay for the detection of circulating immune complexes is described. It is based on the same principle as the C1q deviation test: the binding of radiolabelled C1q to a solid phase is inhibited by immune complexes. Trinitrophenylated polyacrylamide beads are used as a stable C1q-reactive solid phase in our test. Aggregated IgG in normal serum could be detected by this method to a minimum concentration of about 10 microgram/ml. The test was used to quantitate circulating immune complexes in sera of patients with glomerulonephritis, liver diseases, lymphoma, and myeloid leukemia. The results are compared and correlated with those obtained by the C1q binding assay for the same sera. PMID- 6981583 TI - Further aspects of T cell function in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Generation of effector cells, the expression of cell mediated lympholysis (CML) and the reactivity of mononuclear cells in solid cultures, were explored in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). While proliferative responses to alloantigens were comparable to the controls, a significant decrease in CML capacity was found in SLE T lymphocytes; further, T cells stimulated with a T cell mitogen in solid cultures showed a diminished proliferative response to soluble factors. Functional cell interaction defects rather than intrinsic T cell abnormalities may be operating in SLE. PMID- 6981584 TI - Failure of parental T cells to restore T-cell deficient F1 mice. AB - The ability of normal, parental type T cells to initiate an immune response and to generate memory T cells in T-cell deficient F1 mice was investigated using two types of F1 recipients: Congenitally athymic (nude) mice and thymectomized, lethally irradiated, syngeneic bone marrow reconstituted (TIR) mice. In contrast to normal syngeneic T cells, normal parental type T cells elicited neither immune response nor memory T cells in F1 T-cell deficient mice. Parental T cells were ineffective even when obtained from chimeric donors tolerant to the second parental type transplantation antigens and normal, parental T cells did not counteract the restorative activity of F1 T cells in F1 T-cell-deficient recipients. These two latter findings exclude a suppression due to an ongoing GVH reaction as a possible cause for failure of parental T cells to restore F1 T-cell deficient mice. PMID- 6981585 TI - Inhibition of proliferation of a murine myeloma cell line and mitogen-stimulated B lymphocytes by the antibiotic amphotericin B (Fungizone). AB - Amphotericin B at the concentration normally used for routine suppression of fungal infection in tissue culture strongly inhibits the proliferation of NS1/1 myeloma cells and the LPS-induced activation of B lymphocytes from mouse spleen. The proliferation of T lymphocytes induced by concanavalin A (Con A) was less affected by the antibiotic, indicating that B-lymphocyte proliferation was preferentially inhibited. The unexpected sensitivity of B-lymphoid cells to amphotericin B precludes its use as an anti-fungal agent in the production of hybridomas from fusions between these cells. PMID- 6981588 TI - Immunostimulating polysaccharide separated from hot water extract of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa (Yamato tohki). AB - Separation of immunostimulating polysaccharide (ATP) from Angelica and its biological activities were investigated. AIP was separated as an acetone insoluble and non-dialysable fraction from hot water extract obtained by heating the root of Angelica acutiloba in water at 95 degrees-98 degrees for 30 min. It is a water-soluble heteropolymer(s) consisting of uronic acid, hexose and peptide. The anti-tumour activity of AIP was observed in terms of prolongation of the survival period of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites cells. The uptake of tritiated thymidine into murine and human spleen cells could be stimulated by AIP in a dose-dependent manner. Murine B cells were activated polyclonally by AIP and differentiated to anti-body-forming cells even in the absence of either helper T cells or macrophages. The possibility that the biological activity of AIP might be due to contamination by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or lipid A associated protein (LAP) was ruled out for the following reasons: (i) polyclonal B-cell activation by AIP was shown in spleen cell cultures of C3H/HeJ mice, a low responder strain to LPS; (ii) the activity of AIP disappeared completely after a mild periodate oxidation whereas that of LPS containing LAP was not lost by similar treatment. In addition, the primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes was markedly augmented by an intraperitoneal injection of AIP. This result show that AIP is a potent adjuvant. PMID- 6981586 TI - Effect of proline-rich polypeptide on donor cells in graft-versus-host reaction. AB - The effect of a proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) isolated from early sheep colostrum on the graft-versus-host (GvH) reaction was studied. Unfractionated thymocytes, treated with PRP in vivo or in vitro, acquired the ability to elicit the GvH reaction. In fact PRP elicited GvH reactivity in cortisone-sensitive thymocytes and cortisone-sensitive thymocytes become cortisone-resistant after incubation with PRP. On the other hand, some of the cortisone-resistant thymocytes become cortisone-sensitive when treated with PRP and the ability to induce the GvH reaction was reduced. PMID- 6981587 TI - Cell-mediated immune responses to syngeneic ultraviolet-induced tumours. V. Assessment of accessory and antigen-presenting cell capabilities of normal and ultraviolet-irradiated mice in the generation of anti-tumour cytotoxic effector cells in vitro. AB - Draining lymph nodes (DLN) from tumour immunized mice were found to contain a population of radiation resistant, Thy 1-, Ia+ antigen-presenting cells (APC) which can stimulate normal lymphocytes to differentiate into anti-tumour CTL in vitro. APC from both normal and ultraviolet (u.v.)-irradiated tumour immunized animals were compared and exhibited equivalent functional capabilities. DLN from tumour immunized u.v.-irradiated animals were also found to contain primed T cells which could differentiate into functional anti-tumour cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) with the same kinetic profile as DLN cells from normal tumour immunized mice. These results indicate that u.v. irradiation does not cause a generalized depression in either the capability of APC in u.v.-irradiated mice to process and present tumour antigens, or in the ability of u.v.-exposed animals to be primed to tumour antigens. A decrease in splenic accessory cell function was detected in animals which had received 1 week of daily 30 min u.v. exposures. The decrease in splenic accessory cell function appears to be transient, however, as no decrease in this capability was found in splenic cells obtained from animals which had received daily u.v. exposures for longer periods of time (5 weeks to 5 months). Finally, the spleens of u.v.-irradiated, tumour-bearing mice were found to contain a population of cells which could impart partial protection against tumour growth in vivo. The results of the experiments presented here indicate that normal and u.v.-irradiated animals are capable of responding similarly in the afferent phases of immune responses to syngeneic tumour antigens, and suggest that u.v.-induced T-suppressor cells mediate their immunoregulatory effects at a stage late in the generation of effective anti-tumour immune responses. PMID- 6981590 TI - Unusual cell surface properties of the T lymphocyte population expanding in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. AB - MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (lpr/lpr) mice but not the congenic MRL/Mp-+/+ (+/+) mice, develop a generalized lymph node (LN) hypertrophy reflecting the expansion of a T-cell population that acts as an enhancing factor for autoimmunity. In order to characterize better this T-cell population, we investigated some of its surface properties in comparison with those of +/+ T cells. Electrophoretic measurements revealed that lpr/lpr T cells possess a lower electronegative surface charge than %/% T cells which indicates that the two cell types differ in the molecular composition of their plasmic membrane periphery. This notion was substantiated by the quantification of T- and B-cell markers and of lectin-binding sites on these cells using single- and two-colour flow cytofluorimetry. In agreement with recent observations by Lewis, Giorgi & Warner (1981) lpr/lpr T cells exhibited lower levels of Thy-1 and Lyt-1 antigens than +/+ T cells and were mostly devoid of Lyt 2 antigen. Although lpr/lpr lymph node (LN) cells displayed similar amounts of surface receptors for peanut agglutinin as +/+ LN cells, the expression of surface receptors for other lectins were either lower (Limulus polyphemus agglutinin, Maclura pomifera agglutinin, Concanavalin A) or higher (Helix pomatia agglutinin, Soya bean agglutinin, Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin I, Phytohaemagglutinin L) on lpr/lpr T cells than on +/+ T cells. These data indicate that the T cells accumulating in hypertrophied lpr/lpr LN are endowed with unique surface characteristics which may explain some of the functional abnormalities of these cells. PMID- 6981589 TI - Kinetic studies of phagocytosis. III. The complement-dependent opsonic and anti opsonic effects of normal and sle sera. AB - The influence of serum on phagocytosis related to the complement system was examined by means of a kinetic phagocytosis method using IgG-coated particles, isolated polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes (PMNs), fresh serum, in vitro activated sera and in vivo activated sera. The previously described opsonic properties of C3b and C4b were confirmed by the enhancement of phagocytic rate by the opsonization of IgG particles with C3 and C4. An anti-opsonic effect of serum was revealed by the initial inhibition of PMN phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles in the presence of fresh serum. In vitro activated norma fresh serum and in vivo activated SLE sera mediated a prolonged or even irreversible inhibition of phagocytosis dependent on the degree of complement activation. Investigation of this anti-opsonic effect of serum, which was heat-labile, suggested that it was caused by an inhibition of the interaction between the Fc receptor and IgG mediated by the C1q component of the C1 complex. PMID- 6981591 TI - Mouse red blood cell rosettes: human B and some T lymphocytes express receptors for mouse erythrocytes in the presence of Ficoll. AB - Inclusion of 14% Ficoll in the assay of rosette formation of human lymphocytes with mouse red blood cells (RBC) markedly enhances the cellular interaction. Both the strength of the rosettes (number of attached RBC) and the number of reacting lymphocytes are increased significantly, irrespective of the lymphocyte source- blood, lymph node and tonsil. In the presence of Ficoll, most of the sIg-bearing B lymphocytes [expressing receptors for Fc(IgG) and/or C3] and a significant number of the sheep RBC-rosetting T lymphocytes (particularly the nylon wool non adherent subset from the tonsil), express receptors for the mouse erythrocyte. PMID- 6981593 TI - The application of an extract of human placenta in the treatment of rheumatic affections. AB - Iontophoretic application of Placenta-Lucchini in combination with catalase and mucopolysaccharidase for the treatment of acute rheumatic inflammation results in significant clinical improvement. Such improvement is not seen if Placenta is used alone. Intra-articular application of Placenta in the arthritis joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis results in a significant improvement as compared with placebo. Its efficacy is, however, inferior to that of Triamcinolone. Intra-articular application of Placenta prolongs local arthritic remissions induced by steroids. PMID- 6981594 TI - Nude Syrian hamsters: some immunological and histological characteristics. AB - Nude mutants appeared in our colony of Syrian hamsters. They were hairless and just had rudiments of thymus. Only 3.5% of splenic cells were killed by rabbit anti-hamster thymocytes serum + C' whereas 55.5% of these cells were lyzed by an anti-hamster IgG + C' and 60-70% fixed the fluorescent protein A, but could not respond either to B-cell mitogens or to rat cell mitogens. The natural cytotoxic activity of the spleen cells from nude hamsters was evaluated in comparison with the same activity expressed by spleen cells of golden Syrian hamsters. PMID- 6981595 TI - Correlation between active E-rosettes and antigens defined on peripheral lymphocytes by OKT 4 and OKT 8 monoclonal antibodies. AB - A relationship has been sought between the classical marker, active E-rosette and the surface antigens of T-lymphocytes, defined by OKT 4 and 8 monoclonal antigens, in the peripheral blood of normal human people. It was found that no significant correlation existed in the case of OKT 4 antigen; conversely the OKT 8-positive cells were significantly enriched after E-rosette-forming cell isolation (about 2.5 times in comparison with the negatively selected cells). In this latter case, some partial correlation could exist between SRBC-high affinity of T-lymphocytes and the subsets defined by OKT 8 antigen. PMID- 6981596 TI - Xenoantisera directed against the proliferating T-cells of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. AB - MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (lpr/lpr) mice develop a generalized lymph node (LN) hypertrophy reflecting the expansion of a T-cell subset that seems to act as an accelerating factor for autoimmunity. In an attempt to produce antisera specific for this T cell subset, NZW rabbits and Lewis rats were hyperimmunized with cells from hypertrophied lpr/lpr LN. The resulting xenoantisera were extensively absorbed with lymphoid cells from the congenic MRL/Mp +/+ (+/+) strain. As assessed by complement-dependent microcytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence using flow cytofluorometry analysis, these xenoantisera reacted with 70-90% of the cells in the enlarged LN of 4-month-old lpr/lpr mice but only with 10-35% of the cells in the normal-sized LN of age-matched +/+ mice or of 2-month-old lpr/lpr mice. These xenoantisera which appear to identify surface antigens associated with the proliferating lpr/lpr T-cells may prove useful to investigate the mechanism by which these cells contribute to the autoimmune disease of lpr/lpr mice. PMID- 6981592 TI - Cyclosporin-A inhibits accumulation of lymphocytes within lymph nodes. AB - The ability of cyclosporin-A (CS-A) to modify lymphocyte accumulation, seen in lymph nodes draining a site of antigen deposition, has been compared with the effect of other drugs known to affect lymphocytes and/or macrophages. CS-A markedly inhibited lymphocyte accumulation in a dose-related manner, whereas aspirin, BW755c (3 amino 1 [m (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] 2-pyrazoline) and hydrocortisone were without effect. Indomethacin produced inconclusive results. The time of CS-A administration was critical, the drug needing to be present before antigen inoculation, being ineffective if given 23 hr after antigen. PMID- 6981597 TI - Suppression of T & B cell dependent immune systems in chicken. PMID- 6981598 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to non-MHC alloantigens on mouse epidermal cells. VI. Influence of the MHC on the tissue specificity of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. AB - Mice of the C3H/He and A non-H-2 backgrounds are disparate from mice of the B10 background for the tissue-restricted, non-H-2 alloantigen of epidermal cells (EC), Epa-1, that is expressed by EC but not by lymphocytes (LC), as well as for a number of other alloantigens of the B10 background that are expressed by both EC and LC, generically referred to as "lymphocyte/epidermal alloantigens" (LEA). In this study, we compared the ability of various H-2 congenic strains on the C3H or A backgrounds to mount cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to EC from H-2 compatible mice of the B10 background. High responses to Epa-1 were detected only in the H-2a and H-2k haplotypes; H-2b, H-2o1, H-2s, H-2t1, and H-2t2 haplotypes were nonresponders to Epa-1. High responses to LEA were detected in H-2a, H-2b, H 2s, H-2t1, and H-2t2 haplotypes; H-2k and H-2o1 were nonresponsive to LEA. Analysis of the H-2K, I and D region alleles of responders indicates that H-2Kk is essential for anti-Epa CTL responses, whereas Dd, Db or Ks were all permissive for strong anti-LEA responses. The ability to mount a given CTL response was not associated with differences in I-region alleles. These results are discussed in terms of K/D region products serving as Ir-gene products for CTL and in determining the apparent tissue-specificity of CTL. PMID- 6981599 TI - Immunodominance in the immune response to "multiple" histocompatibility antigens. AB - Cytotoxic effector T cells putatively specific for multiple non-H-2 histocompatibility (H) antigens were generated by immunizing and boosting C57BL/6 and B6.C-H-2d mice with BALB.B and BALB/c stimulator cells, respectively. The generated effectors were tested for cell-mediated lympholysis on a panel of targets whose BALB/c-derived non-H-2 H antigens were donated by CXB recombinant inbred mice. The spectrum of reactivity of cytotoxic effector T cells with CXB targets demonstrated that the effectors did not recognize multiple H antigens but rather preferentially recognized a single immunodominant non-H 2 antigen. The identity of the immunodominant H antigen was determined by the H-2 genotype of the stimulator cells when (B6 x B6.C-H-2d)F1 cytotoxic effectors were tested. These observations indicate that despite the fact that responders were challenged with more than 40 individual non-H-2 H antigens, they preferentially responded to single immunodominant antigen. PMID- 6981603 TI - B.C.G. versus tuberculin test in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. PMID- 6981600 TI - An influenza specific T-killer clone is restricted to H-2Ld and cross-reacts with Dk region. PMID- 6981601 TI - Cytotoxic monoclonal antibody specific for the Lyt-1.2 antigen. PMID- 6981604 TI - Erythema nodosum as a marker of childhood tuberculosis. PMID- 6981606 TI - Preparation of [1-11C]acetate--an agent for the study of myocardial metabolism by positron emission tomography. AB - A method of obtaining an injectable solution of acetate labelled in the carboxyl group with the short-lived positron-emitting radionuclide, 11C (t12 = 20.4 min), is described. In the method labelling is achieved via the carbonation of freshly prepared methylmagnesium bromide with 11C-labelled carbon dioxide produced by the 14N(p, alpha)11C nuclear reaction. The method is fast (20 min) and produces sterile, apyrogenic [1-11C]acetate in high radiochemical yield (72 +/- 12%) and in high specific activity (greater than 18.5 GBq/mumol: greater than 0.5 Ci/mumol). The radiochemical purity of the radiopharmaceutical was found to exceed 95% by thin layer and high pressure liquid chromatography. Evidence presented shows that [1-11C]acetate has considerable value as an agent for investigating myocardial metabolism by positron emission tomography. PMID- 6981605 TI - Alteration of cell-mediated immunity to Listeria monocytogenes in protein malnourished mice treated with thymosin fraction V. AB - Cell-mediated immune reactivity, measured by lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, was higher in both young or aged mice fed a 4% casein diet compared with age-matched controls. Treatment in vivo with bovine thymosin fraction V decreased the responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin of lymphocytes from mice fed either the control or moderately protein-deficient diets when compared with mice treated in vivo with saline. Resistance against Listeria monocytogenes, known to be a cell-mediated immune function, was impaired in young and aged mice which were fed the low-protein diet. Treatment with thymosin was able to significantly improve the cell-mediated immune resistance to L. monocytogenes of moderately protein-malnourished mice. Thymosin treatment impaired the resistance to L. monocytogenes of young or aged mice fed the control diet. The splenic natural killer cell cytotoxicity of protein-malnourished mice was impaired compared with that of mice fed the control diet. Treatment with thymosin did not restore the natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in protein-malnourished mice, but did enhance that activity in control mice. PMID- 6981607 TI - Cyclotron production of 128Cs (3.62 min). A new positron-emitting radionuclide for medical applications. AB - The cyclotron production of the short-lived positron emitter 128Cs (3.62 min) from its longer-lived parent 128Ba (2.42 d), based upon the 133Cs(p, 6n) 128Ba leads to 128Cs reaction (Q = -43.98 MeV), has been studied. Cesium-128 has potential applications in positron tomography, particularly for imaging the myocardium and/or for the assessment of regional blood flow. Thick-target yields (mCi/muAh) and cross sections (mb) for 128Ba, 131Ba, 129Cs and 132Cs were measured in the 67-36 MeV proton-energy region. Cyclotron production of 128Ba 128Cs (transient equilibrium) was measured as 3.1 mCi/muAh at end of bombardment (EOB) with a 2.32 g cm-2 thick CsCl target with a proton entrance energy of 67 MeV and exit energy of 54 MeV. Target-radiochemistry using ion-exchange methods allow the preparation of a generator-type system from which high-radionuclidic purity, radiopharmaceutical quality, no-carrier-added 128Cs can be obtained for immediate administration. In addition, with proper radiochemical handling of the 128Ba-128Cs generator, no-carrier-added, high-purity 129Cs (32.35 h, 372 keV, 32%) can also be produced for use in research applications. PMID- 6981608 TI - Preparation of 18F-labeled 6- and 2-fluoro-9-benzylpurine as a potential brain scanning agent. AB - The preparations of [18F]-6-fluoro-9-benzylpurine(I) and [18F]-2-fluoro-9 benzylpurine(II) are described. (I) was prepared by two methods: (i) halogen exchange of 6-chloro-9-benzylpurine with Ag 18F; and (ii) displacement of trimethylpurin-6-ylammonium chloride with K 18F, followed by 9N benzylation. The latter labeling method was far superior to the former, both in radiochemical yield and in specific activity. (I) was relatively stable in a Tris-HCl buffer (0.4 M, pH 7.6) at 37 degrees C, but was easily hydrolyzed in 1 N HCl. Biodistribution of (I) in mice demonstrated high uptake in the brain. (I) can be expected to be a potential brain-scanning radiopharmaceutical for positron computed tomography. PMID- 6981609 TI - Synthesis and in vivo characteristics of [2-11 C]5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4 dione (DMO). AB - No-carrier-added [2-11 C]5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione (DMO) has been prepared rapidly and in good radiochemical yield. The synthesis involves in situ conversion of phosgene to diethyl carbonate which reacts with 2-hydroxy-2 methylpropionamide to yield labeled DMO. HPLC purification provided up to 1.85 GBq (50 mCi) of pure [11C]-DMO for injection. The product's in vivo distribution was examined in mice and rabbits. The results are encouraging for further application to in vivo measurement of intracellular pH using positron tomography. PMID- 6981610 TI - The immunological state in chronic renal insufficiency. AB - To evaluate the immunological state in chronic renal insufficiency, the Authors studied cellular and humoral immunity in 292 patients with chronic renal failure. They were divided into 3 groups: 1) 37 with creatinine clearance between 50 and 20 ml/min; 2) 57 with creatinine clearance between 20 and 8 ml/min; 3) 178 treated by hemodialysis. In vivo and in vitro tests, that is DNCB, PPD skin tests, spontaneous, active and EAC rosettes, surface membrane immunoglobulin test, complement (C3, C4) and serum immunoglobulins were taken as markers of the immune response. Cell-mediated immunity was found to be significantly impaired in patients with terminal renal insufficiency or on hemodialysis and also markedly reduced in patients with non-terminal renal insufficiency. Humoral immunity produced less significant results: the B lymphocyte count and serum immunoglobulins were normal; only C3 levels were found below normal range. Thus it would seem that cell-mediated immunodeficiency appears in an early stage of chronic renal failure and that hemodialysis does not improve this deficiency. PMID- 6981611 TI - Retinopathy following jejunoileal bypass surgery: report of a case. AB - Vitamin A deficiency associated with retinopathy and night blindness was observed in a patient 4 yr after jejunoileal bypass. Upon further investigation, a multiple vitamin deficiency state was established. Daily supplementation with 30 000 units of vitamin A resulted in normal levels of vitamin A and retinol-binding protein. The patient's night blindness improved, but his retinopathy remained unchanged as demonstrated by fluorescein angiography. We conclude that patients who have undergone jejunoileal bypass should be supplemented with vitamin A since the vitamin A deficiency is preventable and the retinopathy associated with the deficiency may not be totally reversible. PMID- 6981612 TI - Evidence for two distinct mechanisms of resistance in the rat to reinfection with Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 6981613 TI - Studies on the disulfide region of alpha 1-protease inhibitor. AB - The single disulfide bond of purified human alpha 1-protease inhibitor was reduced with dithiothreitol in the absence of denaturant and the resultant sulfhydryl groups were alkylated with iodoacetamide-1-C14. The product was found to be fully functional as an inhibitor of trypsin and elastase in esterolytic and proteolytic assays. The modified protein was also found to be nearly identical to native alpha 1-protease inhibitor when analyzed by immunological, electrophoretic, and spectral methods. The performic acid oxidized inhibitor, on the other hand, was devoid of any enzyme inhibitory activity. Analysis of the derivatized protein by amino acid analysis and by radioactive counting revealed only a single cysteine-containing peptide. The alkylated inhibitor was digested with cyanogen bromide and then trypsin, and subjected to two-dimensional peptide mapping. A single cysteine-containing peptide was recovered and shown to have the sequence Phe-Asn-Ile-Gln-His-Cys-Lys. A variety of experiments involving gel filtration or dialysis of reduced or oxidized alpha 1-protease inhibitor indicate that this Cys-peptide is covalently bound to either free cysteine or to glutathione via a disulfide bridge. PMID- 6981614 TI - Two peptides released in the complex formation of alpha 1-antitrypsin with beta trypsin; evidence for two structurally identical, inhibitory sites in alpha 1 antitrypsin. AB - The exact mechanism of action of alpha 1-antitrypsin, the major protease inhibitor in human serum, is still unknown. Several investigators report the release of a small peptide during complex formation of alpha 1-antitrypsin with various proteases. In this study the release of two peptides each from the NH2- and the COOH-terminal regions of alpha 1-antitrypsin is demonstrated, indicating the presence of two inhibitory sites in alpha 1-antitrypsin. The amino acid sequence near the NH2-terminal inhibitory site is determined to be X-Ser-Ile-Pro Pro- and near the COOH-terminal inhibitory site Y-Ala-Ile-Pro-Met-Ser-Ile-Pro. The combined results of the present report and several other reports indicate the presence of two structurally identical inhibitory sites in alpha 1-antitrypsin located at both terminal regions in the molecule. PMID- 6981615 TI - Secondary structure prediction of sauvagine, a novel biologically active polypeptide from a frog. AB - The secondary structure of sauvagine has been predicted by the statistical method of Chou & Fasman. The results are compared with those obtained by the analysis of the secondary structure of the corticotropin releasing factor. The pattern of helices and beta-turns within these polypeptides is similar. Thus there is an evolutionary relationship in both sequence and secondary structure between these polypeptides, in accordance with their pharmacological properties. PMID- 6981616 TI - Pulse radiolytic study of hydrogen transfer from glutathione to organic radicals. PMID- 6981617 TI - Effect of hyperthermia at 42 and 45 degrees C on repair of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in CHO cells. AB - The effect of hyperthermia on DNA strand break repair was studied in CHO cells. DNA strand breaks were analysed by the alkaline DNA-unwinding technique followed by chromatography on hydroxyapatite. Immediately after irradiation with doses ranging from 2 to 7 Gy, cells were exposed to 42 or 45 degrees C. Heat alone was found to induce DNA strand breaks only at temperatures exceeding 45 degrees C. In comparison to 37 degrees, C, the rate of single-strand break repair was increased by hyperthermia at 42 degrees C, but decreased at 45 degrees C. In contrast hyperthermia at either temperature resulted in a higher number of remaining double-strand breaks 1 hour after irradiation. For the three treatments applied, i.e. X-rays alone or combined with hyperthermia at 42 or 45 degrees C, the relation between cell survival and the number of double-strand breaks measured 1 hour after irradiation could be described by the same function. PMID- 6981618 TI - Dependence of radioprotective effect of chemical modifying agents on their intracellular concentrations. PMID- 6981619 TI - Localization of plutonium-241 in the testis. An interspecies comparison using light and electron microscope autoradiography. AB - The distribution and localization of 241Pu in the testes of rats, guinea-pigs and a dog were determined using light and electron microscope autoradiography. These species were used because of the variation in the morphology and ultrastructure exhibited in their testicular tissues. In all animals the 241Pu was localized in testicular interstitial tissue and little was evident in the seminiferous tubules. There were marked species differences in the percentage of interstitial tissue cells labelled with 241Pu; 18 per cent of the cells labelled in rats, 9 per cent in guinea-pigs and 6 per cent in the dog. Electron microscope autoradiography demonstrates that 241Pu is localized in macrophages of the interstitial tissue in all species and appears to be concentrated in the lysosomal system of the cell. Based on differences in the histology and microstructure of testicular interstitial tissues and the patterns of 241Pu incorporation in these species, implications for predicting plutonium localization in human tissue are discussed. PMID- 6981620 TI - The production of chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster fibroblasts by gamma and neutron radiation. AB - Chromosomal aberrations were scored in V79/4 Chinese hamster fibroblasts exposed to 60Co gamma-rays and to fast neutrons produced from the 9Be(d,n)10B reaction. In oder to avoid problems with the variation of aberration induction with the phase of the cell cycle, the cells were irradiated in stationary phase, where they are concentrated in the G1 phase of the cycle. The r.b.e. for the production of dicentrics was 2.7 +/- 0.2 at a neutron dose of 2.0 Cy; the r.b.e. of the 'one hit' component of response was 6.4 +/- 1.1. These r.b.e. values are much lower than those reported for primary human lymphocytes. Graphs of the proportion of cells without a dicentric, centric-ring or acentric fragment, as a function of dose, corresponded closely to the survival curves of the cells, which had been obtained previously, for both radiations. PMID- 6981621 TI - Increased enhancement of tumour response to X-rays and high-LET neon ions by desmethylmisonidazole relative to misonidazole. PMID- 6981622 TI - Radiation sensitivity of human erythropoietic and granulopoietic progenitor cells in the blood and in the bone marrow. PMID- 6981623 TI - Influence of misonidazole, anaesthesia, clamping of the leg and stress of the animal during treatment on the radiation-induced skin reaction of mouse feet. PMID- 6981624 TI - Tightly-bound proteins from cell nuclei of some radiosensitive and radioresistant mouse tissues. PMID- 6981625 TI - Inducible beta lactamases in enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas: problems for the new beta lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6981627 TI - A genetic study of alpha 1-antitrypsin in an Israeli Arab population, with a new allele: Piv-s. PMID- 6981626 TI - Hairy cell leukemia: defective production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor by peripheral blood cells. AB - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production by the peripheral blood (PB) cells of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients whose PB contained only 2 to 10% hairy cells was studied in an in vitro bone marrow culture system. In addition, the possible inhibitory effect on the growth of normal granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) by the patients' mononuclear cells or serum was assayed. GM-CSF production by PB cells of HCL patients was 82 +/- 18% (mean +/- sd) lower than its production by normal PB cells. No significant inhibition of normal GM-CFC growth was observed in the presence of patients' PB mononuclear cells or their serum. These findings suggest that in HCL patients the monocyte-macrophage system is defective in its capacity to produce GM-CSF. This defect may play a role in the impaired granulocyte production known to occur in HCL. PMID- 6981628 TI - Effects of adrenalectomy and glucocorticosteroid therapy on bone marrow T cells. Effect on T cell traffic and graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity. AB - The effects of bilateral adrenalectomy (Ax) and glucocorticosteroid (GCS) treatment on the migratory behavior of circulating T cells in mice were evaluated by a 51Cr lymphocyte migration assay and two graft-versus-host (GVH) assays. The major new findings were that bilaterally adrenalectomizing a mouse effects it in two interrelated ways: 1) It decreases the accumulation of adoptively transferred 51Cr-labeled T cells to the bone marrow; and 2) it reduces the GVH reactivity of bone marrow cells. We also confirmed previous studies showing increases in the accumulation of T cells and increases in T cell-mediated GVH reactivity in the marrow of GCS-treated mice. We conclude that Ax has an opposite effect to that of GCS treatment on the intramarrow traffic of T cells and on T cell-mediated GVH reactivity of marrow cells. PMID- 6981629 TI - The mechanism of tumor allograft survival induced by CP-17,193. AB - CP-17,193 was examined in vivo for its immunosuppressive effects and for its promotion of E1(4) tumor allograft survival. At a dose of 10 mg/kg p.o., it was shown to suppress the development of both antibody-dependent and cellular cytotoxicity for E1(4) cells. After cessation of drug treatment, and in contrast to what is observed with cyclophosphamide, the humoral immune response was promptly restored. The restoration of cellular cytotoxicity followed a more protracted course, and the tumor allograft was not rejected by day 24. Three possible mechanisms of immunosuppression were examined. CP-17,193 was shown to inhibit the formation of IL-2 sensitive blasts. However, it had no effect on T cell proliferation using performed blasts in the presence of added IL-2, and it did inhibit IL-2 production. Its immunosuppressive effects might therefore be explained by an inhibition of some initial step of lymphocyte activation which interferes with the T lymphocyte's ability to progress on to cell division and IL 2 production after stimulation. PMID- 6981630 TI - Client perception of role in psychotropic drug management. PMID- 6981631 TI - [Peripheral T-lymphocytes and delayed hypersensitivity in surgically and radiologically treated patients with early stages of larynx-carcinoma]. AB - 122 patients with squamous-cell-carcinoma of the larynx (T1-stage) were examined after surgical or radiological treatment. None of these patients showed evidence of tumor recurrence. Peripheral T-lymphocytes and delayed hypersensitivity were studied in all these patients. According to their treatment, the patients were allotted into three groups and compared with a control group, consisting of 20 patients with nonneoplastic head- and neck-disease. The main finding was a significant decrease in the peripheral T-lymphocytes in surgically- or radiologically-treated patients with a squamous-cell-carcinoma of the larynx (T1 stage). This reduction of T-cells must be interpreted as a congenital or acquired defect of the immunocompetent system. In about half of the control cases the DNCB tests showed no evidence of delayed hypersensitivity. In view of these results and those reported in the literature, the test should be used critically. In contrast to our earlier findings, where patients received radiotherapy over large areas including big vessels, radiation over a smaller, localised area does not lead to a significant depression of peripheral T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6981632 TI - [The treatment of the otseroma with human biologic glue]. AB - The use of human biologic glue makes an optimal adaptation of the loosened superficial skin of the ear and an exact restoration of its profile possible. Traumatising mattrass suture can be avoided. An antibiotic therapy and a clinical treatment are unnecessary. In addition this study contains a tabulation of the up to now known indications for the use of human biologic glue in ENT. PMID- 6981633 TI - [Intra-arterial chemotherapy as a part of a combination-therapy in carcinoma of the oropharynx]. AB - Since 1973 75 patients with carcinoma of the oropharynx were treated with regional cytostatic chemotherapy as an initial step of a combined therapy which consists of an follow-up operation and/or radiation. Methotrexate was used in intraarterial short infusions with Leucovorin rescue. The tumor response to i.a. chemotherapy was definite in 80% of the cases, without any negative side effects in the patients who are usually in a reduced general condition. After i.a. chemotherapy to reach a partial remission of the tumor and to create better conditions for the following therapy, we always tried to perform an operation and radiation. With this combination-therapy we reached, in the 1 year NED results as well as in the 3 year survival rate, with 60% resp. 54% better results than in patients who were only radiated after i.a. chemotherapy (43% 1 year NED results resp. 43% 3 year survival rate). A chemotherapy of oropharynx carcinoma is only justified, if other therapy forms follow up, if possible, composed of an operation and radiation. Because of the high rate of response of tumors seen in our patients, the low rate of side effects and the noticeable remission of the tumor-caused complaints it seems to us that the i.a. infusion therapy with methotrexate is a suitable form of chemotherapy for carcinoma of the oropharynx. PMID- 6981634 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against HLA-Bw 35-linked target determinants show differences in sensitivity toward antibiotics during sensitization period. AB - Recently, we demonstrated that the outcome of human CML was influenced by the presence of antibiotics in the culture medium, In earlier studies we had found that cytotoxic T lymphocytes could recognize HLA-Bw 35-linked target determinants. These so-called Bw35 a and b determinants showed mendelian segregation. We describe in this article a difference between the Bw35 a and b cytotoxic T cells in their sensitivity toward antibiotics. The lysis against the Bw35 b cytotoxic determinant was not influenced by either the presence or the absence of antibiotics during the sensitization period, whereas the lysis against the Bw35 a cytotoxic determinant was drastically diminished when the effector cells were cultured in the absence of antibiotics during the sensitization period. PMID- 6981635 TI - Autologous rosette-forming T cells (ARFT) regulate responses of T cells. PMID- 6981636 TI - Recognition of HLA-B27 and related antigen by a monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to HLA-B27, B7, and B22 is described. Binding to B27 appeared to be slightly stronger than to B7 and stronger than to B22 in an indirect binding assay, but no difference in B7 and B27 binding could be detected by Scatchard analysis. No distinction could be made between B27 on cells from normal and from ankylosing spondylitis patients in any assay system. The antibody, which was not cytotoxic, blocked complement-dependent cytolysis mediated by human HLA typing sera specific for B7 and B27. Competitive binding studies with other monoclonal antibodies showed that ME1 could block the binding of antibodies that recognized different antigenic sites on HLA. ME1 did not bind to Klebsiella pneumoniae. This reagent will be useful in further analysis of the relationship between B27 and ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6981637 TI - Monoclonal antibody (B27M2) subdividing HLA-B27. PMID- 6981638 TI - Pharmacological studies on carbapenem antibiotics. III. Chemical structure of PS 5D III, the primary renal metabolite of PS-5. PMID- 6981639 TI - beta-Lactamase-producing anaerobic bacteria in recurrent tonsillitis. PMID- 6981640 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of natamycin in cheese at residue levels. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic method, with special reference to the cleanup procedure, is described for the measurement of natamycin in cheese. Co extracted fats and proteins are removed by cooling the methanol extract of the cheese. Amounts as low as 1 ng natamycin can be detected; the limit of determination is better than 0.05 mg/kg. Recovery at the 1 mg/kg level is better than 90%. Reproducibility at the 0.4 mg/kg level shows a coefficient of variation of 10%. Some results obtained with Dutch cheese samples from the local market are reported. PMID- 6981643 TI - Change in effects from marijuana: a five- to six-year follow-up. AB - A five- to six-year follow-up study of 97 regular marijuana users in a large Midwestern city showed that the effect of marijuana intoxication remained fairly stable over time. However, continued use of the drug was associated with a decrease in pleasurable effects. Undesirable effects persisted but apparently did not discourage continued use. Decreases found in some undesirable effects (tachycardia, lightheadedness, and dry mouth) raised the possibility that some degree of tolerance had developed. PMID- 6981641 TI - DNA-binding vesicles released from the surface of a competence-deficient mutant of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Haemophilus influenzae com-51, a mutant deficient in DNA uptake, produces an extracellular DNA-binding activity. The activity was specific for Haemophilus DNA and was isolated from cell-free competence medium after incubation for 100 to 130 min. Initial steps in the purification procedure resulted in the loss of detectable binding activity, but activity was restored by the addition of a nonionic detergent. The active fractions contained vesicles derived from the outer membrane of the cells. The vesicles were produced only under conditions that normally lead to competence development. The lack of competence of com-51 cells was not due to loss of protein synthesis in M-IV competence medium or to competition of extracellular protein for exogenous DNA. Results suggest that the inability of cells to bind DNA was due in part to the loss of DNA receptors that are released into the medium in membrane fragments. PMID- 6981642 TI - Genetic transformation of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides by plasmid DNA. AB - A broad-host-range cloning vector, pUI81, was constructed in vitro from plasmids RSF1010 and pSL25 (a pBR322 derivative) and used to assay for transformation in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Washing cells with 500 mM Tris was an effective means of inducing competence for DNA uptake. Transformation frequencies as high as 10(-5) (transformants per viable cell) have been achieved by incubating Tris treated cells with plasmid DNA, 100 mM CaCl2, and 20% polyethylene glycol 6000. Maximum frequencies were obtained when recipient cells were spread onto selective media after a 6.5-h outgrowth period in antibiotic-free medium. The structure (open circular versus closed, covalent circular), size, and concentration of plasmid DNA all significantly affected the transformation frequency. Four different plasmids, all small and suitable as cloning vectors, have been introduced by transformation into several different R. sphaeroides strains. Recombinant DNA carried on small, nonconjugative plasmids with broad host ranges can now be directly transferred to R. sphaeroides by this method. PMID- 6981644 TI - Regulation of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity by phenylalanine in vivo, in vitro, and in perfused rat liver. AB - We show that phenylalanine is able to control the extent of activation and, as a result, the catalytic activity of rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo, in perfused liver, and in vitro. Both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated enzyme activities are controlled by phenylalanine activation and, overall, this mechanism appears to be a major means of regulating the enzyme's activity in rat liver. At normal phenylalanine levels in vivo, phenylalanine hydroxylase is at most 1-4% activated, and phosphorylated enzyme (glucagon-induced) appears at most 5-7% activated under similar conditions. In both cases, a phenylalanine load increased the percentage of activated enzyme found in vivo to about 40% of maximal. In perfused rat livers, a plasma phenylalanine concentration of only 4 times normal induced a 4-fold increase in the amount of activated enzyme present and a corresponding functional increase in the rate of phenylalanine hydroxylation by the tissue. Under the latter conditions, more than 25% of the amino acid could be hydroxylated in a single pass through the organ. Purified phosphorylated phenylalanine hydroxylase must be activated to be catalytically active. The activation with phenylalanine, at equilibrium, is a cooperative process, and the phosphorylated enzyme is activated more rapidly at pH 6.8 and 8.0 and at lower phenylalanine concentration than the unphosphorylated species. Overall, phosphorylation appears to allow phenylalanine hydroxylase to be more easily activated at relatively low phenylalanine concentrations. PMID- 6981645 TI - Role of charged groups in factor XI/XIa activity. AB - To elucidate the role of charged groups in expression of factor XI coagulant activity, the charged groups of purified human blood coagulation factor XI/XIa containing 125I-XI/XIa were derivatized: free amino groups by succinylation, guanido groups of arginine by reaction with phenylglyoxal hydrate, and free carboxyl groups by reaction with ethylenediamine. The modified proteins were tested for: 1) ability to adsorb to glass, 2) ability to be cleaved by trypsin or factor XII-high molecular weight kininogen, 3) coagulant activity. The amino group-modified factor XI had a significantly decreased ability to bind to glass; modification of arginine or carboxyl groups did not affect adsorption. Trypsin cleaved factor XI with modified free amino, guanido, or carboxyl groups. Factor XII-high molecular weight kininogen could cleave only the arginine-modified factor XI. Amino group-modified factor XI and carboxyl group-modified factor XI lost all their factor XI assay activity, whereas arginine-modified factor XI retained 50% of the original activity. Amino group-modified factor XI could not be activated by trypsin, but arginine-modified and carboxyl group-modified factor XI could be activated by trypsin to 50% of the original activity. Succinylation of the amino groups of factor XIa destroyed all its factor XIa activity. Arginine modified and carboxyl group-modified factor XIa retained 50% of their factor XIa activity. We conclude that epsilon-amino groups are essential for adsorption; activation by factor XII-high molecular weight kininogen requires free amino and carboxyl but not guanido groups; free amino, carboxyl, and guanido groups in factor XIa all appear to be critical for interaction of factor XIa with factor IX. PMID- 6981646 TI - Purification of bacteriophage T4 gene 61 protein. A protein essential for synthesis of RNA primers in the T4 in vitro DNA replication system. AB - An activity dependent on an intact bacteriophage T4 gene 61 is required, along with the T4 gene 41 protein, for the synthesis of ribonucleotide primers in an in vitro T4 DNA replication system. In this paper, we present a method for purification of the protein catalyzing this gene 61-dependent activity based on an assay for primer-dependent DNA synthesis by the T4 DNA replication proteins. The T4 gene 32 helix-destabilizing protein influences the chromatographic behavior of 61 protein. The purification of 61 protein to near homogeneity by the scheme presented requires the presence of 32 protein in crude extracts. The isolated 61 protein is basic, with a molecular weight of 44,000, and is active as a monomer. Ribonucleotide primer synthesis shows a linear dependence on 61 protein concentration, but a sigmoidal dependence on 41 protein concentration. The dependence on 41 protein concentration is linear, however, if the 41 protein is first "activated" by incubation at high concentration in the presence of rGTP. Using this "activated" 41 protein and purified 61 protein, we show a stoichiometric relationship between the two proteins in the priming reaction consistent with the existence of a priming complex comprising an oligomer of 41 protein and a 61 protein monomer. PMID- 6981648 TI - Bacteriophage T4 gene 44/62 and gene 45 polymerase accessory proteins stimulate hydrolysis of duplex DNA by T4 DNA polymerase. PMID- 6981647 TI - Kinetic evidence for heterogeneous responsiveness of mixed function oxidase isozymes to inhibition and induction by allylisopropylacetamide in chick embryo liver. AB - Changes in hepatic mixed function oxidase kinetics after administration of allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) to chick embryos indicate that the activities of different cytochrome P-450 isozymes, including those participating in the metabolism of the same substrates, can be simultaneously increased and inhibited by a single xenobiotic. Up to 4 h after administration in ovo, or in vitro, AIA exclusively inhibited mixed function oxidases. At 24 h after administration in ovo, AIA simultaneously decreased the Vmax of the isozymes active in 7 ethoxycoumarin deethylation and in biphenyl and antipyrine hydroxylations in control liver and caused new isozymes with higher Km and Vmax values to appear. At the same time, AIA increased the Vmax values for isozymes active in aminopyrine demethylation and decreased the Vmax for benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation (EC 1.14.14.1). As an inhibitor, AIA did not exhibit substrate selectivity but tended to inhibit isozymes with higher substrate affinity noncompetitively and lower affinity isozymes competitively. Competitive mechanisms and generalized P 450 breakdown could only partially account for the inhibition of mixed function oxidases by AIA. The inhibition at low doses of AIA (0.1 to 0.3 mg/egg) occurred without any decrease in P-450 and at higher doses it exceeded and was more persistent than the decrease in P-450. The data indicate that in addition to the known mechanisms for mixed function oxidase inhibition by AIA there is another noncompetitive mechanism independent of P-450 breakdown. As an inducer, AIA, like phenobarbital rather than beta-naphthoflavone increased the metabolism of aminopyrine and the concentration of Mr = 50,000 and 51,000 proteins preferentially. However, unlike either, AIA selectively induced new high Km and Vmax isozymes active toward 7-ethoxycoumarin, biphenyl, and antipyrine and increased the concentration of a Mr = 53,000 protein. These actions distinguish AIA from either the phenobarbital or polycyclic hydrocarbon class of inducers. The simultaneous inhibition by AIA of higher affinity isozymes with selective induction of low affinity isozymes produced a "crossover effect" in which after AIA administration the rates of 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase and biphenyl and antipyrine hydroxylases were decreased at low and increased at high substrate concentrations. The findings demonstrate the complexity and selectivity of AIA's actions as a mixed function oxidase inhibitor and inducer and illustrate the potential heterogeneity of responses that can occur in the mixed function oxidase system after exposure of an organism to a xenobiotic. PMID- 6981650 TI - Attachment and growth of human keratinocytes in a serum-free environment. AB - Using a serum-free system, we have investigated the influence of human fibronectin (HFN) and selected growth factors (GF) on the attachment and growth of normal human keratinocytes in vitro. Single-cell suspensions of keratinocytes from near-confluent primary plates, plated on 5-10 microgram/cm2 HFN, showed approximately 30-40% attachment after 2-24 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C, compared with 4-6% attachment on uncoated platic plates. Percentage of attached cells was independent of seed density, tissue donor age, in vitro culture age, or medium composition, while subsequent cellular proliferation was strongly dependent on these factors. Keratinocytes grown on an adequate HFN matrix in a previously described hormone-supplemented medium (Maciag et al., 1981a) achieved four to eight population doubling over 7-12 days at densities greater than or equal to 104 cell/cm2. Removal of most GF individually from the medium had little or no effect on growth, while removal of epidermal growth factor (EGF) alone reduced growth by 30-35% and removal of bovine brain extract (BE) alone reduced growth by approximately 90%. Conversely, EGF alone in basal medium supported approximately 10% control growth, BE alone supported 30-40% control growth, and the combination of EGF and BE approximately 70%. In addition to its major effect on proliferation in this system, BE was necessary to preserve normal keratinocyte morphology and protein production. These findings expand earlier observations that HFN facilitates keratinocyte attachment in vitro and that a brain-derived extract can exert a major positive influence on cultured keratinocytes. PMID- 6981649 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of the vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein in chick duodenum. AB - The vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein (CaBP) of chick duodenum has been localized by immunocytochemistry and by radioimmunoassay. Light microscopically, CaBP was seen to be present in the absorptive cells of the villi while in other cell types of the villi and the crypts, including goblet cells and endocrine cells, no CaBP was seen. At the electron microscopic level, CaBP was shown to be localized in the cytosol and the euchromatin of the nucleus but not in membrane bounded cytoplasmic compartments. Quantitative evaluation of the immunocytochemical protein A-gold label showed that the terminal web and the cytosol of basal cellular regions were most highly labeled while the brush border was weakly labeled. The radioimmunoassay evaluation of intestinal subcellular fractions indicated that 96% of the homogenate CaBP is in the cytosol high-speed supernatant fraction. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that the vitamin D-dependent intestinal CaBP may play a role in either regulation of intracellular calcium concentration or movement of calcium across the brush border membrane from the gut lumen. PMID- 6981651 TI - Analysis of purified fetal liver hemopoietic progenitor cells in liquid culture. PMID- 6981652 TI - [Angiodysplasias or vascular ectasias of the intestine. Report on 8 personal cases]. AB - Angiodysplasia or vascular ectasia of the intestine is a new pathological entity which was initially revealed by arteriography. More recently it has been found by coloscopy and is considered to be responsible for many cases of intestinal bleeding, especially in older patients The present study is based on eight patients including 2 cases of microscopic bleeding, 4 of massive hemorrhage, and 2 asymptomatic cases. There is a clear difference between intestinal angiodysplasia and other forms of vascular malformations, even though its pathogenesis is still in question. Whereas in older patients it is acquired, typically in the caecum. It can also exist congenitally in younger patients and in other locations. However, identical lesions may be observed at all levels of the digestive tract in association with certain diseases, most often vascular atheroma, but also diverse intestinal diseases (diverticulitis, colitis, polyps, cancer) and even iatrogenic diseases. Even though these malformations are frequent, the lesions often go unrecognized because special histological technics are required to reveal the arteriovenous fistulas. The major circumstance leading to this diagnosis is anemia due either to occult intestinal bleeding or massive hemorrhage (after exclusion of prevalent associated disease such as diverticulosis). Occasionally latent angiodysplasia is revealed during studies undertaken for associated disease. Positive diagnosis is based on selective angiography during massive bleeding and on endoscopic examination in case of anemia from occult bleeding. Surgical treatment should be undertaken in case of major blood loss. This usually consists of resection of the ascending colon, the most frequent site of the lesion. It is recommended that an even longer colonic segment be resected in case of associated diverticulosis. The preferred treatment of limited forms with few symptoms depends on more recent technics such as endoscopic electrocoagulation. In conclusion, many cases if occult intestinal bleeding can be explained by angiodysplasia which thus deserves better understanding and recognition. PMID- 6981653 TI - Immune parameters in athletes before and after strenuous exercise. AB - Secretory IgA levels were studied in nationally ranked Nordic skiers before and after the national cross-country races held in February 1981. Comparing the skiers with age-matched controls, there was significantly lower level of salivary IgA before the race. Concentrations of IgA decreased further following the competition (50 kn for males; 20 km for females) to very low levels. There also were a significant increase in the percentage of B lymphocytes and a decrease in the null population (non-T, non-B) in the athletes after the race compared with the controls. The mechanism responsible for these changes is unknown, but the low salivary IgA levels may result from depletion of nasal fluid and/or malfunction of the mucosal plasma cells due to a decrease temperature in the mucous membranes. We speculated that a temporary antibody deficiency on the mucosal surface might lead to a susceptibility to acquiring viral and bacterial infections, especially during the interval immediately following strenuous exercise. PMID- 6981654 TI - Mitogen-induced maturation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B lymphocytes. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from eight patients with untreated B-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (only one had a serum monoclonal immunoglobulin) were stimulated by Nocardia, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen. This stimulation resulted in the occurrence in all but one case of large cytoplasmic immunoglobulin-containing cells with a predominantly lymphoblastic (six cases) or plasmacytic (one case) appearance. These blast cells contained the same immunoglobulin chains as those of the surface immunoglobulins on fresh lymphocytes except for delta chains that were not found by cytoplasmic immunofluorescence. In three cases, intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin inclusions that were present in both small lymphocytes and stimulated blast cells provided further evidence of the differentiation of the leukemic clone. In another case, both small leukemic B lymphocytes and large B blast cells expressed in vitro a receptor for sheep erythrocytes. A switch from IgM to IgG synthesis was observed in this patients, whose cells showed the strongest response to the activators. The most effective activator was Nocardia, then phytohemagglutinin, whereas an effect of pokeweed mitogen was observed only when the fresh lymphocytes contained a fair percentage of T cells. Leukemic cells, in most patients, were able to differentiate without appreciable B-cell proliferation. PMID- 6981655 TI - Cryopreservation of human mononuclear cells for quality control in clinical immunology. I. Correlations in recovery of K- and NK-cell functions, surface markers, and morphology. AB - Cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were tested for natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and for high-affinity (29 degrees C) and total (4 degrees C) rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes. PBMC produced variable NK activity following freezing and thawing, but consistently reacted well in ADCC. A significant correlation was found between low NK activity and a decreased percentage of low-affinity rosette forming cells. On the contrary, the number of large granular lymphocytes (LGL), among which NK cells are restricted, and the reactivity with the monoclonal antibody OKT10, which recognizes the majority of LGL in the peripheral blood, were not significantly altered by cryopreservation. Cryopreserved cells proved to be excellent controls for determining the day-to-day variability of the NK assay and for selecting optimum conditions for this test in the clinical immunology laboratory. PMID- 6981656 TI - Beta-lactamase testing of staphylococci in a commercial broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration system. AB - Beta-Lactamase testing of clinical isolates of staphylococci may be performed in commercial broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration plates, using a chromogenic cephalosporin reagent directly in a well containing a noninhibitory concentration of a semisynthetic penicillin which serves as an inducer. A total of 115 staphylococcal isolates tested in 0.25 to 0.50 microgram of methicillin per ml in Mueller-Hinton broth showed 100% correlation with beta-lactamase tests performed on Mueller-Hinton agar, using 1-microgram oxacillin disk as an inducer. PMID- 6981659 TI - Tomographic study of regional cerebral blood flow in ischemic cerebrovascular disease by 81mKr intraarterial infusion and HEADTOME. AB - The single photon mode of a hybrid emission tomograph, HEADTOME, was used to appraise cerebral blood flow (CBF) by the continuous infusion of 81mKr into the internal carotid artery or the ascending aorta. The study was performed on 32 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The results of the tomographic CBF study were compared with the findings of X-ray computed tomography (CT) and carotid angiography. Twenty-nine patients in the present series showed ischemic areas that correlated better with the localization suggested by the clinical rather than the CT findings. In two patients, CT was negative, whereas the CBF tomogram clearly revealed an ischemic focus. In most of the patients (90.6%), regional ischemia was seen to extend to the normodense brain tissue surrounding the low density areas. Although the method has some limitations, such as its invasiveness, it may be an economical and practical technique for tomographic CBF studies. PMID- 6981658 TI - Methods for the routine characterisation of isolates of Haemophilus. AB - Methods and their evaluation are described for the routine characterisation of Haemophilus spp isolates using a test for dependence on V factor and a test for the conversion of delta-amino-laevulinic acid (ALA) to porphyrin in which the ALA is incorporated into a solid medium. A method is also described whereby the difference in the size of the inhibition zones around discs of ampicillin and of amoxycillin/clavulanate can be used to detect the production of beta-lactamase. PMID- 6981657 TI - Cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. Analysis at the single cell level using morphological and surface marker phenotype criteria. AB - The large granular lymphocyte (LGL) has been identified in normal individuals' MNC population as the NK-K cell (Ault and Weiner 1978; Timonen et al. 1981); it bears the OKM1 surface antigen (Breard et al. 1981; Fast et al. 1981) and while negative for T cell antigens OKT4 and OKT8, is a low avidity E-rosette forming cell. However, in a unfractionated nylon wool passed peripheral blood lymphocyte (NWP PBL) population, we show that not more than 50% of KN activity in normal or OND control NWP PBL and 30% NK activity in MS NWP PBL can be attributed to this cell. Nevertheless, 100% of control K cell activity and 50% of MS K cell activity can be mediated by an LGL. MS patients have normal proportions of LGLs in their NWP PBL. The proportion of LGLs in CSF of MS and OND patients is too low to account for the number of CSF K cells. While in control NWP PBLs, the LGLs are OKM1+ and mediate NK and ADCC, in MS the LGL NK effectors are probably different from LGL-K cell effectors. In MS both populations include effector cells with cell surface antigens. Thus, the OKM1+ LGL characteristics may not be used in analysis of NK and K cells in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6981660 TI - Anatomical localization schemes for use in positron computed tomography using a specially designed headholder. AB - A headholder system is described for use in the correlation of images obtained with positron computed tomography (PCT) and other neuroradiological imaging modalities. Methods are described for defining brain anatomy from PCT images by the use of projection schemes from tomographic data. Cross-correlation of images between positron CT and standard lateral skull films, X-ray computed tomography (XCT), and two-dimensional rectilinear positron images are discussed. Such methods allow for improved reproducibility of head positioning and more precise cortical localization necessary in studies of normal brain function as well as in neuropathological conditions. PMID- 6981661 TI - Lichen planus and chronic graft-versus-host reaction. In situ identification of immunocompetent cell phenotypes. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine the phenotype of the cutaneous immunocompetent cells in lichen planus and chronic graft versus host (GVH) reaction infiltrates, by the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell populations and Langerhans cells. Our results in lichen planus suggest an immunological reaction similar to the delayed hypersensitivity reaction, including all the immunocompetent cell subpopulations, with a first stage of antigenic information by Langerhans cells (OKT6+, BL6+, HLA-DR+) and helper cells, and a second stage mediated by suppressor/cytotoxic cells. The results from the study of GVH reaction also suggest an effect mediated by suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT3+, OKT4-, OKT8+, HLA-DR+). Our results favour the existence of a lymphocytotoxic process in lichen planus and chronic GVH reaction. PMID- 6981662 TI - Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia with T-cell nodular lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis and B-cell nodular lymphoid hyperplasia: different lymphocyte populations with a similar response to prednisone therapy. AB - Intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia and recurrent pulmonary infections by pyogenic bacteria are well-recognized accompaniments of common variable (late onset) hypogammaglobulinemia. A 35-yr-old woman with this illness had progressive pulmonary insufficiency caused by nodular lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis, rather than by infectious lung damage, and intestinal lymphoid nodular hyperplasia. B cells were abundant in the intestinal nodules but absent in the pulmonary nodules by immunoperoxidase staining. Pulmonary lymphocytes isolated in single-cell suspension from the biopsy were 0.5% B cells and 82% T cells. Prednisone therapy improved pulmonary function and decreased the intestinal lymphoid nodules. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis should be considered in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and restrictive lung disease. PMID- 6981663 TI - Prevalence of sleep disorders and sleep behaviors in children and adolescents. PMID- 6981664 TI - Current status of angiographic techniques in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6981665 TI - Portal hypertension secondary to a congenital splenic arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 6981666 TI - In vivo and in vitro effect of the Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide on ciliated respiratory epithelium. AB - The lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae is presumed to have a toxic effect on the tracheal epithelium, and then induce a bronchial obstruction. This activity of LPS was studied in vitro on the ciliary beat using a photo oscillographic apparatus, and in vivo on the rabbit trachea. Neither modification of ciliary beat frequency, nor epithelial damage in the rabbit trachea was observed after a single administration of LPS. In contrast, histopathologic changes were observed in vivo when the intratracheal administration of H. influenzae LPS was followed 24 h later by an intravenous injection of the same LPS. These experimental models seem thus to implicate a Shwartzman type cellular necrosis in the trachea in vivo in the absence of a direct toxic effect of endotoxin itself on trachea in vivo or in vitro. PMID- 6981669 TI - Cyclosporin receptors on human lymphocytes. AB - Utilizing (3H) cyclosporin C (3H CS-C), a dihydroderivative of cyclosporin A (CS A), an assay for cyclosporin receptors on human peripheral blood lymphocytes was developed. The specific binding of (3H) CS-C was saturable, time-dependent, and reversible. A Kd of 1.2 x 10(-7) M and a maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of 7 pmol/10(6) cells was calculated from equilibrium binding studies. A Scatchard analysis confirmed a single population of high affinity binding sites and about 7 x 10(5) sites/cell. Kinetic analysis of specific binding at 37 degrees C yielded a pseudo-first order rate association constant of 1.1 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 and a zero order dissociation rate constant of 0.19 min-1. The Kd 1.7 x 10(-7) M calculated from kinetic studies agreed well with the value of 1.2 x 10(-7) M determined in equilibrium binding studies. Regarding the specificity of binding, (3H) CS-C binding to lymphocytes was inhibited with CS-A and CS-C; however, no inhibition with the biologically inert keto-CS-A was observed. Mitogens and various growth factors did not compete for the binding site when added simultaneously with the radiolabel. However, pretreatment with T cell mitogens such as PHA, Con A, or the OKT3 antibody reduced (3H) CS-C binding significantly. These results suggest that the binding site for CS-A is closely associated with the mitogenic receptor on lymphocytes. PMID- 6981667 TI - The effect of T cell growth factor on the cell cycle of primate T cells. AB - The effect of T cell growth factor (TCGF) on the cell cycle of four T cell lines that differed in their response to TCGF was studied. Activated normal marmoset T cells (OH-1) were totally dependent on the addition of TCGF for long-term proliferation. In the absence of TCGF, the cells were incapable of traversing the cell cycle and became arrested in G1. The addition of TCGF to arrested OH-1 cells stimulated them to enter the S phase after a lag phase of 24 to 33 hr. The TCGF stimulated cells reached a maximum of cells in the S phase by 12 hr after the initiation of DNA synthesis. TCGF was required for a minimum of 18 hr before cells would enter the S phase. In the absence of TCGF, activated owl monkey (8I) and human (RG) lymphocytes displayed a TCGF-sensitive block; addition of TCGF stimulated these cells to enter the S phase after 12 and 16 hr, respectively. In contrast, an owl monkey tumor-derived T cell line (OMT-1), not dependent on exogenous TCGF for proliferation, was able to progress slowly through the cell cycle without a TCGF-sensitive block. These cells responded to TCGF by showing an initial increase in cells that entered the S phase after a lag of 6 hr and a continuing movement of additional cells into S over the course of the next several hours. PMID- 6981668 TI - Induction of IgG production in a human monoclonal B lymphoblastoid cell line by a B cell-specific monoclonal antibody. AB - IgG production was induced in a human B blastoid cell line, CESS, by stimulation with a human B cell-specific monoclonal antibody (IIIA4). The number of IgG producing cells reached its maximal level within 48 hr after incubation with IIIA4. IgG-producing cells induced by an optimal concentration of the antibody was about one-half as many as those induced with TRF, but higher concentrations of the antibody were rather inhibitory. Simultaneous addition of an optimal concentration of the antibody with TRF partially inhibited TRF-induced IgG production in CESS cells, but higher concentrations of the antibody did not block TRF-induced IgG production. TRF activity was completely absorbed with IIIA4 coated CESS cells as well as nontreated CESS cells. These results suggested that the membrane antigen recognized by IIIA4 was not the acceptor molecule for TRF. IIIA4 did not show any inhibitory effect on PWM-induced proliferation of normal B cells, but completely inhibited PWM-induced Ig production of normal B cells. PMID- 6981670 TI - Cord IgM antibody specific for human killer T cells: T lymphocytotoxic human fetal antibody (TLFA) recognizing maternal killer T cells proliferating in the presence of interleukin 2. AB - T lymphocytotoxic human fetal antibody- (TLFA) containing cord IgM (TLFA IgM) was purified from cord blood. The proliferation of maternal mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) induced and long-term cultured T cells (LCT) specific to the paternal non-T cells in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL 2) was inhibited by treatment with the respective TLFA IgM plus complement (C). Sixty-six to 78% of Leu-2a-positive maternal LCT were stained with the respective TLFA IgM, as determined by anti-Leu antibodies and TLFA IgM double-staining. Moreover, TLFA IgM plus C treatment reduced the killer activity of the respective maternal LCT against the PHA induced paternal target cells. Therefore, TLFA-positive killer T cells of maternal LCT belong to certain killer T cell subsets of Leu-2a-positive pan killer T cells, and TLFA contains a potential antibody against maternal killer T cells. PMID- 6981672 TI - Role of oxygen in T cell-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 6981671 TI - Anti-idiotypes to monoclonal anti-H-2 antibodies. III. Syngeneic anti-idiotypes on antibodies induced by in vivo administration of xenogeneic anti-idiotypes. AB - Idiotype-positive molecules induced by xenogeneic anti-idiotypes (anti-Id) to monoclonal anti-H-2 antibodies were studied using syngeneic anti-Id reagents. Syngeneic reagents detected idiotypes on both H-2 antigen-binding and nonbinding Id' induced by xenogeneic anti-Id. In addition, idiotopes were readily detected by alloimmunization after xenogeneic anti-Id reagents interact with some of the same antibodies as syngeneic anti-Id and support the hypothesis that treatment with xenogeneic anti-Id may affect a physiologically important idiotypic network. PMID- 6981673 TI - Inhibition of human natural killing by heterologous and monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6981674 TI - Separation of guinea pig IgG subclasses by affinity chromatography on protein A sepharose. AB - Guinea pig serum was chromatographed on a column of protein A-Sepharose equilibrated in citrate-phosphate buffer at pH 7.3. The bulk of serum proteins eluted in the starting buffer. Two peaks of protein A-bound serum proteins were eluted by a decreasing pH gradient, a smaller peak centered at pH 4.7 and a larger peak centered at pH 4.3. IgG contained in the peak eluted at pH 4.7 had fast gamma immunoelectrophoretic mobility and IgG in the peak eluted at pH 4.3 had slow gamma mobility. Antiserum to guinea pig IgG, when absorbed with the pH 4.7 peak, reacted only with the pH 4.3 peak. Antiserum to guinea pig IgG1, when absorbed with the pH 4.3 peak, reacted only with the pH 4.7 peak. The IgG in the pH 4.7 peak had the immunoelectrophoretic and antigenic characteristics of IgG1 and the IgG in the pH 4.3 peak had the characteristics of IgG2. The two subclasses were efficiently separated by pH-dependent affinity chromatography on protein A-Sepharose. The IgG1 in the pH 4.7 peak was contaminated with 10.8% IgG2, and the IgG2 in the pH 4.3 peak was contaminated with 2.7% IgG1. PMID- 6981675 TI - Hypotensive effects of plasma protein fraction. The relation between prekallikrein activator, bradykinin generation, and blood pressure in an animal model. AB - In a rat model, the relationship between the activity of PKA in human PPFs, the changes in arterial BK concentration, and the changes in blood pressure on infusion of PPF was investigated. The rat was chosen as a model because it is reported to be one of the few animals sensitive to human PKA. However, hypotensive reactions after infusion of human PKA-containing PPF were observed only in the presence of a bradykinin-potentiating peptide (BPP9a). A correlation was found between the PKA content of the rapidly infused PPF, the BK generation in the rat, and the fall in arterial blood pressure. In control experiments, infusions of BK provoKed a similar fall in blood pressure at corresponding BK levels. After neutralization of the PKA activity in the PPF with C1-esterase inhibitor, neither a rise in BK level nor a fall in blood pressure was observed on infusion. We conclude therefore that the hypotensive reactions were caused by PKA-mediated generation of BK. PMID- 6981676 TI - Public regulation of recombinant dna gene therapy. PMID- 6981677 TI - Termination of medical treatment: a judicial perspective. PMID- 6981678 TI - Terminating life support for mentally retarded, critically ill patients: the prosecutor's perspective. PMID- 6981679 TI - Expert testimony and battered women: conflict among the courts and a proposal. PMID- 6981680 TI - Scarce medical resource allocation--the case of first impression: a hypothetical opinion of the Twelfth Circuit United States Court of Appeals. PMID- 6981681 TI - Effects of excitation-contraction uncoupling by stretch and hypertonicity on metabolism and tension in single frog muscle fibers. AB - Metabolism and tension were examined in single fibers of the semitendinosus muscle of Rana pipiens at 15 degree C after excitation-contraction uncoupling by stretch and hypertonicity. Interrupted tetanic stimulation at 20 HZ for 150 s, of control fibers in isotonic Ringer at a rest sarcomere length (SL) of 2.3 micrometers, resulted in a steadily declining tension, stimulated glycolysis, and significantly reduced fiber phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP concentrations. Stretching resting muscle fibers to an SL of 4.7 micrometers did not alter metabolite concentrations, but glucose-6-phosphate rose and PCr fell markedly when the stretched fibers were stimulated tetanically, although tension was absent. Immersion of untetanized fibers in 2.5 X isotonic Ringer produced a transient rise in resting tension, an increase in glucose-6-phosphate, and a significant reduction in PCr. During the transient rise in resting tension, PCr consumption per unit of tension-time integral was the same as that in fibers stimulated tetanically in isotonic Ringer. Tetanization of fibers in hypertonic solution did not further alter metabolite concentrations or produce tension. The results indicate that exposure to hypertonicity induces an increase in both tension and consumption of high-energy phosphate bonds (approximately P) in resting fibers, but stretch does not. during tetanic stimulation, stretch interferes with contraction but does not prevent activation, whereas hypertonicity inhibits activation as well as contraction. PMID- 6981682 TI - Transport and phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by amphibian retina. Effects of light and darkness. AB - We studied the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) and the synthesis of its phosphorylated product 2DG-6-phosphate (2DG-6P) by the retinas of the clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Autoradiographs showed that most of the retinal 2DG uptake is by the photoreceptor layer. The 2DG accumulation by isolated Xenopus retinas was time and concentration dependent. The Kt for transport was 5.05 mM; Vmax was 6.99 X 10(-10) mol . mg-1 tissue wet weight min-1. The Km for 2DG-6P formation was estimated to be 2-3 mM and Vmax to be approximately 4 x 10(-9) mol . mg-1 min-1. 2DG uptake was inhibited competitively by glucose with a Ki of 2.29 mM. Exposure to light reduced 2DG uptake by no more than 10% as compared with dark uptake. Low sodium or ouabain (10(-4)-10(-7) M) treatment did not significantly alter 2DG uptake as compared with control retinas. In experiments upon intact, anesthetized bullfrogs, light reduced both the total amount of radioactivity acquired by the retina and the fraction of 2DG-6P present. The results are discussed in terms of the fraction of energy consumed by the retina required to maintain the photoreceptor dark current. PMID- 6981683 TI - Optical signals from surface and T system membranes in skeletal muscle fibers. Experiments with the potentiometric dye NK2367. AB - Absorbance signals were recorded from cut single skeletal muscle fibers stained with the nonpenetrating potentiometric dye NK2367 and mounted in a three-vaseline gap voltage clamp. The characteristics of the optical signals recorded under current and voltage-clamp conditions were studied at various wavelengths between 500 and 800 nm using unpolarized light. Our results indicate that the absorbance signals recorded with this dye reflect potential changes across both the surface and T system membranes and that the relative contribution of each of these membrane compartments to the total optical change is strongly wavelength dependent. A peak intensity change was detected at 720 nm for the surface membrane signal and at 670 nm for the T system. Evidence for this wavelength dependent separation derives from an analysis of the kinetics and voltage dependence of the optical signals at different wavelengths, and results obtained in detubulated fibers. The 670-nm optical signal was used to demonstrate the lack of potential control in the T system by the voltage clamp and the effect of a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive sodium conductance on tubular depolarization. PMID- 6981684 TI - Influence of temperature upon contractile activation and isometric force production in mechanically skinned muscle fibers of the frog. AB - Increasing temperature (4-22 degrees C) increases the Ca2+ concentration required for activation of mechanically skinned frog muscle fibers. The pCa required for 50% maximal force (pCa50) was inversely proportional to absolute temperature. Assuming that relative force is directly related to fractional occupancy of the Ca2+-binding sites on troponin that regulate force, the shift was consistent with a Gibbs free energy change of binding (delta G) of about -7.8 kcal/mol. This is close to the delta G for Ca2+ binding to the calcium-specific sites on troponin C reported by others. Decreasing Mg2+ from 1 mM to 60 microM shifts the force-pCa curves at either 4 or 22 degrees C to higher pCa, but the shift of pCa50 with temperature over this range (0.4 log units) was the same at low and high Mg2+. Maximal force increased with temperature for the entire range 4-22 degrees C with a Q10 of 1.41, and over the restricted range 4-15 degrees C with a Q10 of 1.20. From the dual effects of temperature on Ca2+ activation and maximal force, one would expect that force would respond differently to temperature change at high or low Ca2+. At high Ca2+, a temperature increase will lead to an increased force. However, at low to intermediate Ca2+ levels (below the intersection of the force-pCa curves for the initial and final temperatures), steady state force should decrease with increasing temperature. The inverse responses should occur with a decrease in temperature. These responses are observed when temperature is changed by rapid solution exchange. PMID- 6981685 TI - Multiplication of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in thymocytes during its persistence in mice. AB - Persistence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus in mice infected in utero or neonatally is due to impairment of the specific subsets of thymus-dependent lymphocytes which, in the adult normal mouse, are involved in elimination of LCM virus. Virus-thymocyte interactions were studied since it was likely that this impairment takes place in the thymus. Using an infectious centre assay, we found that about 1% of the thymocytes from foetal and neonatal mice were productively infected by the virus while thymocytes from older mice were refractory to infection. The infected cells were Thy 1-positive and agglutinated by peanut lectin together with immature lymphocytes. Later, when virus persistence was established, the number of infected thymocytes declined to about 0.1% and these cells were not agglutinated by lectin. The results are compatible with the assumption that thymic precursor T-cells capable of elimination LCM virus are chronically infected by the virus and rendered non-functional. PMID- 6981686 TI - Severe muscle cramps relieved by transcutaneous nerve stimulation: a case report. AB - The case is described of a 51-year-old man with a 21 year history of severe, long lasting and widespread muscle cramps. Physical examination revealed muscle hypertrophy and fasciculation; electromyography showed spontaneously active motor units which disappeared during sleep. Cramps could be aborted by ice or mechanical vibration but the most effective management was achieved using transcutaenous nerve stimulation. PMID- 6981687 TI - Visual field defects in obstructive hydrocephalus. AB - Four cases are described in which visual field defects followed enlargement of the third ventricle. Three were due to aqueduct stenosis while in one case a left cerebellar hemisphere tumour was discovered. The visual field defects comprised a unilateral scotoma, bilateral scotomata and, in two patients, incongruous bitemporal hemianopia. PMID- 6981690 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow changes in cortex and basal ganglia during voluntary movements in normal human volunteers. PMID- 6981689 TI - Deficits in eye position following ablation of monkey superior colliculus, pretectum, and posterior-medial thalamus. PMID- 6981688 TI - Chronic arachnoiditis in the posterior fossa: a study of 82 cases. AB - Arachnoiditis in the posterior fossa is not a rare disorder in China. Eighty-two cases seen in a three year period were studied with reference to symptomatology, aetiology and treatment. The presentation was contrasted with that of increased intracranial pressure caused by tumour. The efficacy of treatment by direct exploration and shunt surgery was emphasised. PMID- 6981691 TI - Comments on specifying the performance of a positron tomograph. PMID- 6981692 TI - The effect of vitamin C on the rapid induction of aortic changes in rabbits. AB - Male rabbits were injected intraperitoneally for five consecutive days with one of the following: (A) 0.3 ml/kg dimethyl ethylene glycol (solvent); (B) 40 mg/kg cholesterol and 8 mg/kg ergocalciferol in solvent; (C) same regimen as B with the addition of 150 mg/kg ascorbic acid in water. Daily blood samples were taken for determination of cholesterol and triglycerides, and for lipoprotein electrophoresis. After 5 days of injections, histological sections were made of the aorta at the arch. After 5 days, group B, as compared with group A, had higher serum cholesterol (150 ng/dl vs. 50 mg/dl, p less than 0.005), higher serum triglycerides (650 mg/dl vs. 150 mg/dl, p less than 0.01), and lower high density lipoprotein (16% vs. 35%, p less than 0.05). On autopsy, discontinuous elastic fibers and intimal damage were seen in sections of the aortas from group B, but not from group A. After 5 days, group C had control levels of cholesterol (55 mg/dl) and triglycerides (160 mg/dl), and no significant difference from the control lipoprotein profile. Injections of cholesterol alone showed a slight induction of aortic lesions and blood chemistry changes. No alterations in these parameters were induced by ergocalciferol alone. The data indicate a prophylactic effect of vitamin C on the biochemical and histological changes rapidly induced by cholesterol and ergocalciferol. PMID- 6981694 TI - Effects of regular marijuana use on sexual performance. PMID- 6981693 TI - The use of fibrin sealant in oral and maxillofacial surgery. PMID- 6981695 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in cystic fibrosis: inhaled cephaloridine as an adjunct to oral cloxacillin. AB - The effect of prophylactic antibiotics on bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract and on general progression of cystic fibrosis was studied in a two-year prospective study of 47 mildly to moderately affected patients. One group of patients received inhaled cephaloridine and the other received no inhaled antibiotic; both groups received cloxacillin orally. Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae was greater in the group not receiving inhaled antibiotic (55% vs 20%). Rates of carriage of Staphylococcus aureus (23%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (greater than 90%). Pseudomonas cepacia (45%), and other organisms were similar in both groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in incidence of respiratory tract infections or hospital admissions, clinical scores, radiologic scores, or rate of change of pulmonary function. Although continuous antistaphylococcal antibiotic prophylaxis may be successful in suppressing colonization with S. aureus, it may also contribute to the high rates of carriage of Ps. aeruginosa and Ps. cepacia observed in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6981696 TI - Congenital pyloric stenosis: an unusual clinical presentation. PMID- 6981699 TI - Nonspecific binding by macrophages: different modulation of adhesive properties of rat peritoneal cells after plating on a glass or a plastic surface. AB - Rat peritoneal cells can bind immunoglobulin-coated sheep red cells (IGSRC), glutaraldehyde-treated sheep red cells (GSPC), Leishmania, latex beads, and autologous thymocytes in a serum-deprived medium. When macrophages were plated on plastic Petri dishes, their ability to bind thymocytes and GSRC was decreased ninefold and fourfold, respectively, as compared to macrophages adhering to glass coverslips. However, the binding of IGSRC, Leishmania, and latex was not significantly dependent on the nature of the surface where peritoneal cells were plated. Sequential adhesion to plastic and glass did not reveal any cell subpopulation adhering only to one substrate. The ability of plastic-bound macrophages to bind thymocytes or GSRC was not restored after a 16 hr culture. Hence, some cell properties may be strikingly dependent on the nature of the surface where these cells are plated. PMID- 6981697 TI - Effect of p-aminobenzoic acid N-xyloside sodium salt (K-247) on metabolism and functions of normal lymphocytes and leukemic cells. AB - An N-xyloside derivative of p-aminobenzoic acid, K-247, was investigated for the ability to induce changes of Phospholipid metabolism and membrane transport in murine splenic lymphocytes and leukemic cells. K-247 induced an increase of [3H] methyl group incorporation into phospholipid in both normal lymphocytes and leukemic cells (L-1210 and M1 cells). However, K-247 accelerated the turnover of phosphatidylinositol (PI) measured by [32P] incorporation into PI in L-1210 cells and Ml cells but not in normal lymphocytes. 45Ca2+ influx into normal lymphocytes and leukemic cells was also increased by K-247. A methyltransferase inhibitor, 5' deoxy-5'-S-isobutyl adenosine (SIBA), suppressed both the increase of phospholipid methylation and that of Ca2+ influx. It seemed that Ca2+ transport might be regulated by membrane phospholipid methylation. On the other hand, K-247 was found to suppress [3H] aminoisobutylic acid (AIB) uptake into L-1210 cells and Ml cells. Protein synthesis in L-1210 cells and Ml cells slightly decreased but RNA and DNA syntheses in both normal and leukemic cells were not affected by K-247. These results suggest that K-247 mainly acts on cell membranes, which are more sensitive to K-247 in leukemic cells than in normal lymphocytes. K-247 also induced differentiation of Ml cells into macrophages and granulocytes with phagocytic activity and morphological characteristics. Moreover, K-247 elevated the Con A response of murine thymocytes, most of which were immature T cells and had low reactivity to Con A, and caused a decrease of Thy 1.2 antigen on thymocytes. It seemed that K-247 also affected maturation of thymocytes. PMID- 6981698 TI - Molecular heterogeneity of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1). AB - Ion-exchange chromatography has been used to isolate three separate forms of Pregnancy-Specific beta 1-Glycoprotein (SP1) from pooled, late-pregnancy human sera. Each of the three components was immunochemically identifiable as SP1, yet distinguishable from each other on the basis of rocket morphology resulting from rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE). The elution profile from DEAE Sephacel indicated that each component has an isoelectric point below pH 8.6, but suggested a different charge for each molecular species. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIE) of pooled, late pregnancy serum suggested the presence of each component prior to physico-chemical treatment and showed the components to be characterised by alpha, beta or gamma electrophoretic mobility. The differences in rocket morphology suggested differing affinities for the antiserum, and a difference in molecular size, which was confirmed by gel filtration. PMID- 6981700 TI - Peroxidatic activities of human alveolar macrophages in some pulmonary granulomatous disorders. PMID- 6981701 TI - Gastric mucosa, epigastric distress and antiinflammatory agents. PMID- 6981702 TI - In situ localization of lymphocyte subsets in synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Immunological analysis of the mononuclear infiltrates in 12 rheumatoid synovial membranes was performed by means of modified peroxidase antiperoxidase technique using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, directed against T cell differentiation antigens and HLA-DR (Ia-like) antigens. Helper/inducer T lymphocytes (OKT4 +, Leu3a+) were found in large numbers in nodular lymphoplasmocellular infiltrates, whereas the number of cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes (OKT8 +m Leu2a+) was very low, resulting in a high T4/T8 or Leu3a/Leu2a ratio (6a14:1). In diffusely localized lymphoplasmocellular infiltrates this ratio was only slightly increased as compared with the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2a4:1). Moreover, most of these T lymphocytes appeared to have Ia-like antigens and seemed to have contact with HLA-DR+, sometimes weakly OKT6+ dendritic nonlymphoid cells. The results showed a constant basic localization pattern of T lymphocyte subsets and suggest that interactions between dendritic nonlymphoid cells, T lymphocyte subsets and B lymphocytes determine the ultimate architecture of the inflammatory infiltrates in the rheumatoid synovial membrane. PMID- 6981703 TI - HLA-DR4 antigen and IgM rheumatoid factors. AB - To investigate the possible relation between the DR4 antigen and IgM rheumatoid factors (RF). 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were tested for 7 HLA-DR antigens and 38 HLA-A, B, C antigens, and compared with 66 normal controls. The DR4 antigen prevalence was 48.7% in the patients and 12.1% in the controls (p less than 0.001). Studying the relationship between the HLA-DR4 antigen and IgM, the genetic marker was present in 89.7% of 51 seropositive patients and in 39% of 29 seronegatives (p less than 0.00001). On the other hand we discovered a positive association between HLA-DR3 and antinuclear antibodies (p less than 0.01). These results suggest the existence of immune response genes in the major histocompatibility complex of humans. PMID- 6981704 TI - Serum autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and correlation with cutaneous features. AB - Eighty-eight untreated systemic lupus erythematosus patients collected from rheumatology services were studied for the presence of discoid, molar and vasculitic lesions and photosensitivity. Their sera were examined for antibodies to native deoxyribonucleic acid (nDNA), nuclear ribonuclear protein (nRNP), the non-nucleic acid nuclear macromolecule Sm, the nuclear and cytoplasmic macromolecules La(SSB) and the predominantly cytoplasmic macromolecule Ro(SSA). These studies demonstrated that 42% of the lupus patients possessed nDNA; 36% nRNP; 24% Ro(SSA) and 9% anti La(SSB) antibodies. Six patients failed to demonstrate significant antinuclear antibody titers (mouse liver substrate), and 4 of these possessed anti Ro(SSA) antibodies. Correlation to the cutaneous lesions among this lupus population possessing various serum antibodies revealed a trend toward photosensitivity and molar dermatitis in the Ro(SSA), La(SSB), Ro/la and the ANA negative, ANA negative/Ro positive groups of lupus patients. PMID- 6981706 TI - Time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of the myosin layer-line reflections during muscle contraction. PMID- 6981705 TI - Plasmid recombination in Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6981707 TI - An unusual cause of GI bleeding in a quadriplegic: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - The authors report a case of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a quadriplegic. The cause was a Mallory-Weiss tear, a previously unrecognized problem in these patients. The incidence of bleeding in patients with spinal cord injury is as high as 25 percent in the few reported series. We feel that with the increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in the spinal cord patient and the accompanying significant mortality, early endoscopy is essential for accurate diagnosis since clues to the presence, etiology, and severity of the bleeding are often lacking. PMID- 6981708 TI - Pain: theories and a new approach to treatment. AB - Various theories of pain are reviewed in an attempt to understand its mode of action. The therapeutic effects of a new, noninvasive form of treating pain, utilizing electrical units which selectively stimulate the sensory nerves, are discussed.PATIENTS WITH PAIN OF VARYING DEGREES OF SEVERITY AND OF MANY DIFFERENT ETIOLOGIES WERE TREATED WITH A NEW FORM OF TREATMENT: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). The authors' results have shown this method to be highly successful in the treatment of patients, most of whom had been treated unsuccessfully with conventional medical and surgical approaches.TENS affords a new dimension in the current concept of treating pain. PMID- 6981709 TI - Cytotoxicity of ammonium metavanadate to cultured bovine alveolar macrophages. AB - Cytotoxicity of ammonium metavanadate to cultured bovine pulmonary alveolar macrophages was measured by cell viability, inhibition of phagocytosis, and reduction of superoxide-dependent chemiluminescence. The degree of toxicity was dependent on the levels of vanadium, the temperature, and the time of exposure. Thus macrophages exposed to vanadium at 0.01 and 0.1 microgram/ml did not exhibit cytotoxic effects even with up to 24 h of exposure, as measured by cell viability and phagocytic index. Vanadium at 0.5 microgram/ml, however, reduced cell viability to 24% and the phagocytic index to 2% of the control within 8 h of exposure. Exposure to NH4 VO3 (up to 1 microgram vanadium/ml) for short periods of time stimulated phagocytic activity. Vanadium toxicity was also demonstrated in suspension culture at 37 degrees C by chemiluminescence assay. This assay seems to be more sensitive than the conventional viability and phagocytic index tests. Thus, the peak light production by macrophages during zymosan phagocytosis was reduced to 93, 59, and 63% by vanadium at 0.1 microgram/ml exposing for 2, 4, and 8 h, respectively, and to 71, 27, and 24% by vanadium at 1.0 microgram/ml for the same time periods. The phagocytic activity of macrophages as measured by chemiluminescence response was not significantly altered by exposure to either 0.1 or 1.0 microgram vanadium/ml measured during the first 24 h of culture at 4 degrees C. PMID- 6981711 TI - Increase of T lymphocytes bearing immunoglobulin G receptors during circulation in human renal cell carcinoma. AB - We studied the membrane markers and functions of lymphocytes from venous and arterial blood in kidneys from patients with renal cell carcinoma. The proportion of T lymphocytes that bore the receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G increased significantly in venous blood compared to arterial blood in kidneys with tumors. The assay of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity demonstrated that lysis of target chicken erythrocytes was significantly less when caused by lymphocytes from the arterial blood (38 plus or minus 18 per cent, standard error) than those from the venous blood (54 plus or minus 21 per cent) in kidneys with tumors. There was no significant difference in the spontaneous lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity assay between the venous and arterial blood. Increment of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity seemed to correlate with the increased proportion and absolute number of T lymphocytes bearing immunoglobulin G. PMID- 6981710 TI - Histomorphologic evidence of fracture healing after direct electrical stimulation in dogs. AB - A histomorphologic study was done at intervals up to 10 days after causing a fracture in both hindleg tibiae in dogs and giving direct electrical stimulation in one tibia, the other being used as control (20 microns ampere of direct current were passed in 28 limbs and the current was maintained with the help of a simple regulator developed by the authors). The radiologic and histomorphologic study showed definite evidence of early start and completion of healing processes in the electrically stimulated hindlegs. Negative potentials induced at the fracture sites appeared to be the cause of improved healing. The incidence of infection and focal necrosis at the anode was minimal in this experiment. PMID- 6981712 TI - Ureaplasma urealyticum in patients with acute symptoms of urinary tract infection. PMID- 6981713 TI - From the NIH: Intravenous replacement therapy for patients with severe alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6981714 TI - Chest pain following aortocoronary bypass graft. PMID- 6981715 TI - Association of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and scabies. PMID- 6981716 TI - Coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6981717 TI - The operation of a radiology consultation service in an acute care hospital. AB - The operation of a radiology consultation service in an acute care teaching hospital is described. The radiologist acts as an active advisor in the structuring of diagnostic evaluations in three disease categories; biliary tract disease, nonemergency gastrointestinal tract bleeding, and abdominal mass. There was a 64% reduction in the time needed to establish a diagnosis and a 32% decrease in the number of studies for each patient on the consultation ward compared with a control group, which consisted of patients with similar clinical presentations. A formal partnership between clinician and radiologist serves two important functions in teaching hospitals. It can simultaneously expedite diagnostic evaluations and teach the best utilization of imaging examinations. PMID- 6981718 TI - [Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)]. PMID- 6981719 TI - [IgG-bound DNA and C1q-binding materials in iupus nephritis]. PMID- 6981720 TI - Malignant histiocytosis: a clinico-pathological study of three autopsied cases. AB - Clinicopathological features of three male cases with malignant histiocytosis (MH) are described. Case 1, aged 27, had had an indurated swelling of the left mandibular region, histologically being chronic lymphocytic inflammation, with ebb and flow for 4 years prior to the onset of MH, with low grade fever, lymphadenopathy and pulmonary infiltration. Histology of the lymph node was compatible with MH, and only a temporary improvement was obtained by COP therapy. Case 2, aged 32, showed acute febrile onset with severe anemia and splenomegaly. Diagnosis of MH was determined by bone marrow histology. COP therapy appeared effective, but caused severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia resulting in fatal gastrointestinal bleeding. Case 3, aged 16, had high fever and cutaneous mass of the left chest wall, histology of which suggested MH. Bone marrow biopsy was also diagnostic. Severe pancytopenia allowed only a limited therapy. Morphology of the histiocytes was variable in each case. Diffuse infiltration of neoplastic histiocytes in many organs and erythrophagocytosis in the bone marrow were commonly found in all the cases. The present cases suggested a diagnostic value of bone marrow biopsy and possible effect of antineoplastic combination therapy on earlier stage of MH. PMID- 6981721 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on the growth of human lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - Effect of dexamethasone of the growth of two T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines, JM and TALL-1 and an American Burkitt lymphoma cell line, Ramos, of B-cell type was examined. While the growth of both TALL-1 and Ramos cell lines was significantly inhibited by dexamethasone at the concentration of 10(-7) M, JM cell line was markedly resistant at the high concentration of 10(-5) M of dexamethasone. The assay of glucocorticoid receptors showed that a small amount of the binding site was found in both T-cell leukemia cell lines, JM and TALL-1 and that a moderate amount of the binding site was found in Ramos cell line. Thus, glucocorticoid sensitivity (growth inhibition of these leukemia lymphoma cell lines by dexamethasone) did not correlate with either the number of glucocorticoid receptor or with surface membrane markers of the target cells. This result suggests further marked heterogeneity of leukemic cells. PMID- 6981723 TI - [Myocardial ultrastructure in the recovery period following aortocoronary shunting in chronic ischemic heart disease patients]. AB - On the material from 96 puncture biopsies of the left ventricle performed on 32 patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease during aorto-coronary shunting under extracorporeal circulation with combined cold and pharmacological cardioplegia lasting from 15 to 92 min the ultrastructure of the myocardium has been studied at the 30th-40th min of the restorative period. After restoration of cardiac activity progression of changes in cardiomyocytes was recorded, more clearly seen in the quantitative stereological analysis of the membranous components of mitochondria, the degree of damage depending on the duration of cardioplegia. Statistically significant (p less than 0.02) decrease of the area of external membranes of mitochondria at the 30th min of the restorative period was detected in patients after cardioplegia exceeding 60 min. Such changes are due, according to the authors, both to enhanced demands of energy supply to cardiomyocytes during the overloads of the restorative period and to the disorders of the microcirculation and of the rheological properties of the blood during reperfusion. PMID- 6981722 TI - Functional properties of human thymoma lymphocytes: role of subcellular factors in blastic activation. AB - The proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin and the role of subcellular factors in the modulation of blastogenesis of thymoma lymphocytes from 5 thymoma patients were investigated. The addition of exogenous interleukin 1, a macrophage product, strongly augmented the blastic transformation of cultured thymocytes from both normal and neoplastic glands by influencing the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by a well-defined T-cell subset. The magnitudes of the blastic responses were ultimately modulated by the amount of IL-2 released in culture. The higher proliferative responses exhibited by thymocytes from thymoma were effectively sustained by a higher production of IL-2 in culture. In addition to having distinctive surface membrane receptors in common with normal thymocytes, thymoma lymphocytes were also under the influence of the same subcellular factors involved in T-cell blastic activation as thymocytes. These observations imply the presence of functionally distinct subpopulations in the thymoma lymphocyte component and add arguments in favor of their nonneoplastic nature. PMID- 6981724 TI - [Effectiveness of patient rehabilitation after aortocoronary shunting]. AB - Observations of 234 patients after aorto-coronary shunting performed at the All Union Surgical Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR led to conclusion that sanatorium rehabilitation treatment after the operation leads to increased tolerance to exercise: up to 80-100 W it was enhanced in 171 patients (71%) of the main group and only in 63 (21%) in the control group. In the main group 68% of patients returned to work and only 45% in the control group. These data point to the efficacy of the sanatorium rehabilitation after aorto-coronary shunting. PMID- 6981725 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte systems in heart surgery patients in the early postoperative period]. AB - The number of T- and B-lymphocytes, O cells, the IgA, IgG, IgM content, the lymphocyte transformation in vitro and also the haematological parameters of the white blood were studied in 33 patients with rheumatic heart diseases during the inactive phase of the illness and in 25 operated on patients on the 1st-10th post operative days. On the 1st-3rd day after the operation marked (3-4-fold) decrease of the absolute number of T- and B-lymphocytes was recorded. The immunological parameters recovered by the 5th-7th days after surgery. On the 10th day they exceed their initial levels. The authors believe it possible to use these data in elaborating the program of immunological control in cardiosurgical patients. PMID- 6981726 TI - Induction of circulating immune complexes and their renal localization after acute or chronic polyclonal B-cell activation in mice. AB - We investigated the ability of various polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA) to induce immunoglobulin synthesis, circulating immune complexes, and rheumatoid factor-like autoantibodies. We found that, following the injection of a PBA- bacterial lipopolysaccharide, dextran sulfate, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid, or purified protein derivative of tubercle bacteria--a transitory formation of circulating immune complexes occurred simultaneously with an increase in immunoglobulin production. The presence of circulating immune complexes after PBA administration was documented by the 125I-Clq-binding assay and the conglutinin binding assay, and a partial characterization of this material was achieved. Although the kinetic properties, size, and composition of the immune complexes tested varied with the PBA used, the complexes detected in each group were inactivated by mild reduction and alkylation with 2-mercaptoethanol and were unaffected by DNase treatment. In the mice injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, the induction of circulating immune complexes correlated significantly with the presence of rheumatoid-factor-like antibodies, suggesting that this autoantibody may be present within the detected immune complexes. In tissues, glomerular deposits of IgM, IgG, and C3 were observed in a pattern compatible with the deposition of immune complexes. These deposits were progressively associated with marked glomerular abnormalities in mice chronically injected with LPS during 1 year. These data suggest that the induction of polyclonal antibody synthesis, which occurs in a variety of infectious or autoimmune diseases, may be responsible for the high incidence and persistence of immune complexes in these diseases. Such complexes would involve primarily autoantigens and corresponding autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factor IgG complexes, without the participation of any specific bacterial, viral, or parasitic antigen. PMID- 6981727 TI - [Profuse hemorrhage from a tumor of Vater's ampulla]. PMID- 6981728 TI - [Blood coagulating system status in portal hypertension]. PMID- 6981729 TI - [Comparative studies with mesoptometer and nyktometer ]. AB - Mesoptometer Model I (Oculus) and Nyktometer (Rodenstock) were compared monocularly in 328 eyes. The individual measurements varied widely, more so for mesopic vision with dazzle than for mesopic vision without dazzle. When the results were classified in accordance with the normal limits proposed by the German Ophthalmological Society there was good correlation between the two instruments. The results fell into the same category in about 85% of the cases. PMID- 6981730 TI - [Stomach and intestinal changes in acute kidney failure]. PMID- 6981732 TI - Adolescent involvement with alcohol; a cross-sectional study. PMID- 6981731 TI - [Determination of vestibular asymmetry in rotation tests]. PMID- 6981733 TI - Fibrin adhesive: an important hemostatic adjunct in cardiovascular operations. AB - Fibrin adhesive was applied 413 times in a group of 340 patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation whenever conventional suturing appeared impossible, difficult, or dangerous, with a success rate of 95%. Fibrin-presealed woven or knitted fabric was inserted in 60 heparitized patients, 45 of whom underwent cardiac procedures. There was perfect sealing of the fabric in all but one instance. Fibrin gluing has become a routine method, reducing man-hours and blood loss and occasionally salvaging patients' lives. Fibrin-presealed knitted prostheses are expected to replace woven fabric because of its known poor healing qualities. PMID- 6981734 TI - Neuropsychological dysfunction following elective cardiac operation. I. Early assessment. AB - Two neuropsychological tests were administered to 227 men and women, ages 25 to 69 years, before and after coronary bypass and cardiac valve operations to provide current information regarding the incidence of postoperative decrements in neuropsychological dysfunction and the factors associated with them. Biographical, psychological, and medical-surgical data were studied together with changes in scores on the Trail Making Tests and the Visual Reproduction (VR) Test of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS). Postoperative decrements greater than one standard deviation were observed in each of the four scores derived from these testings for 11% to 17% of the patients. Yet 70% of all patients remained within one standard deviation of original performance on all four scores. Among the preoperative correlates of significantly reduced test performance were age greater than 60 years, end-diastolic pressure greater than 30 mm Hg, moderate to severely enlarged heart size on preoperative x-ray film, and use of propranolol or chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride. Significant perioperative correlates included measure of duration of operation (such as total time of operation greater than 7 hours, time on the pump greater than 2 hours, and aortic cross-clamp time greater than 2 hours), total estimate of blood loss greater than 2,000 ml, hypotension, difficult intubation, and insertion of an intra-aortic balloon. Postoperative factors significantly associated with declines in test scores included electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl-) abnormalities, longer stay in the intensive care unit, bizarre behavior or disorientation, and depression score. These findings suggest that those patients with more precarious heart function, a more protracted operation, and/or increased metabolic disturbances are especially prone to neuropsychological dysfunction following cardiac operations. PMID- 6981735 TI - Neuropsychological dysfunction following elective cardiac operation. II. A six month reassessment. AB - Three neuropsychological tests were administered to 245 men and women, ages 25 to 69 years, before and 6 months after coronary bypass and cardiac valve operations to provide current information regarding the incidence of long-term postoperative decrements in neuropsychological function and the factors associated with them. Biographical, psychological and medical-surgical data were studied together with changes on the Trail Making Test from the Halstead-Reitan Battery, and Visual Reproduction (VR) and Logical Memory tests, both from the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS). Although 28% of this group showed a deterioration in one or more test scores at a 9 day postoperative examination as compared to their preoperative scores, over 80% of these patients had returned to normal range by 6 months. Similarly, the majority of the 19% of patients showing a significant decrease in one or more of four scores at 6 months had incurred their performance decrements subsequent to the 9 day examination. Hence it seems inappropriate to attribute these latter dysfunctions to the surgical epidose per se, as others have reported. Only 5% of patients showed consistent postoperative test score deterioration both at 9 days and 6 months. Decrements of function at 6 months appear to be associated with total estimated blood loss greater than 3,000 ml and administration of propranolol during the operation plus several postoperative factors including higher levels of fatigue, depression, and worries related to the operation and the recovery process. These findings underscore the need for clinicians and investigators studying neuropsychological dysfunction following cardiac operations to take concurrent emotional and physical states into account, and to make repeated measures well separated in time, before interpreting the presence or absence of residual neuropsychological problems. PMID- 6981736 TI - Probing human malignant T cells with lectins: a comparison with their surface antigen patterns defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Tumor cells from 40 children and 13 adults with T cell malignancies were assessed for staining with fluorescinated peanut agglutinin (PNA) and soybean agglutinin (SBA). These cell populations had also been characterized for surface surface antigens using a series of monoclonal antibodies (Mo. Ab.) that permit an assignment of malignant cells to discrete stages of normal T cell differentiation. We had previously shown a clear correspondence between lectin- and Mo. Ab-defined cell compartments within thymuses from normal children and T cells in peripheral blood. We report here that the pattern of reactivity of malignant T cells populations with lectins correlates closely the degree of maturation, as assessed by Mo. Ab. Thus, utilization of lectins together with Mo. Ab., can be clinically useful to characterize T cell malignancies. This observation shows that, in spite of a high degree of heterogeneity of malignant T cell populations from one patient to the other, in their pattern of surface antigens, these populations seem essentially to conform to the scheme of normal T cell differentiation. PMID- 6981737 TI - Reduced T-colony forming capacity in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.--II. Correlation with clinical stage and findings in B-prolymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The T-colony forming capacity of T-lymphocytes from 33 cases of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and five of B-prolymphocytic leukaemia (B-PLL) was studied. An absent or reduced (less than 50) colony growth was observed in 21 of the 33 B-CLL and in four of the five B-PLL studied. Seven of the nine stage 0 patients (77.7%) according to Rai's clinical staging) gave rise to more than 50 colonies, compared with five out of 24 (20.9%) in stages I-IV patients. Furthermore, the mean number of colonies was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in stage 0 patients (57 +/- 33.6), compared with more advanced stages (22 +/- 29.9). Since in normal peripheral blood, T-colony formation appears to be a property of T mu lymphocytes, and T gamma cells are significantly increased in B PLL and B-CLL, mainly in advanced disease, the T-colony growth was correlated with the percentage of T gamma cells. Despite a negative trend, a statistical correlation was not observed. Our findings are suggestive of a functional defect of the T-cell population in the majority of cases of B-CLL, with a partial sparing in stage 0 patients. This abnormality, apparently unrelated to the T mu: T gamma ratio, is probably due to an intrinsic defect of the T mu cell population. PMID- 6981738 TI - Effect of therapy on T cell subpopulations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - We have previously demonstrated functional and quantitative imbalances in two human thymic (T) cell subpopulations, T gamma and T mu, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Serial evaluations of the numbers of T gamma and T mu subsets in CLL were performed in order to delineate more completely the patterns of T cell abnormalities two groups of CLL patients were studied: (I) previously untreated (n = 3) and (II) stable CLL on chemotherapy (n = 12). In Group I, two of three patients had significantly increased percentages of T gamma cells (mean +/- S.E.M. = 57 +/- 5 vs 18 +/- 2 for controls). There was defective in vitro appearance of T mu cells in both groups. In Group II, repeated studies of T cell subsets revealed persistently elevated T gamma cells despite various modes of oral chemotherapy. In three CLL patients who required splenectomy a dramatic decrease in the percentages of T gamma cells was noted post-splenectomy (51 +/- 3 to 15 +/- 3). In all cases the spleen was diffusely involved with CLL. These findings indicate: (1) abnormalities of T cell subsets are present early in CLL, (2) chemotherapy does not affect the levels of T gamma cells in stable patients and (3) removal of infiltrated CLL spleens results in a dramatic decrease in the proportion of T gamma cells. This latter finding plus the increase in T gamma cells in progressive disease post-splenectomy suggest T gamma cells may be an important determinant of the course of CLL. PMID- 6981739 TI - Cell surface antigen phenotypes and enzyme expression patterns of two murine T cell lymphomas derived from early and/or mature thymus cells. AB - A number of cell surface markers (T200, ThB, Thy1, Lyt1 and Lyt2 and a glycolipid) and enzymes (ATP-ase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, 5' nucleotidase, non-specific esterase, ANAE and chloroacetate esterase) were determined for two murine T-cell lymphomas: the DBA/2-strain-derived SL2 with a phenotype close to that of a mature thymocyte and the GRS-strain-derived GSRL13 with a phenotype of a more primitive thymocyte. While the pattern of expression of the enzymes was similar for SL2 and GRSL13 and as such indistinguishable from that of the majority of thymus cells, the pattern of cell surface antigen expression was clearly different. GRSL12 cells express the ThB antigen and a glycolipid antigen detectable with monoclonal antibody 30-H11, but not Lyt1 and Lyt2 antigens. SL2 cells, however, do not express ThB and the glycolipid antigen, but do express Lyt1 and Lyt2. PMID- 6981742 TI - [The association between ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease and HLA-B27. A study of seven patients]. PMID- 6981741 TI - Relationship of size and payment mechanism to system performance in 11 medical care systems. AB - The performance of 11 medical care systems of varying size and payment mechanisms (consisting of six government owned and operated Indian Health Service units, three fee-for-service private practices and two HMOs) was studied. Performance was defined as the percentage of consumers in need of care who received adequate care according to predetermined standards for the process of care for various functions (i.e., prevention, screening, treatment, follow-up) and various health conditions (i.e., prenatal and infant care, hypertension, anemia, UTI). Size was found to have a strong negative relationship to the quality of treatment and follow-up care, but payment mechanism did not show such a relationship. Neither size nor payment mechanism was significantly related to prevention performance. In screening, the results depended on the health condition: size was inversely related to performance of screening for hypertension; HMOs performed significantly better in screening for prenatal anemia; and neither size nor payment mechanism was related to performance of screening for infant anemia. PMID- 6981740 TI - A microassay for simultaneous measurement of in vivo rates of tryptophan hydroxylation and levels of serotonin in discrete brain nuclei. AB - A sensitive procedure for simultaneous determination of in vivo rates of tryptophan hydroxylation and levels of serotonin (5-HT) in discrete rat brain nuclei is described. Rates of tryptophan hydroxylation are estimated by 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) accumulation following l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibition by R04-4602/1. 5-HTP is separated from 5-HT by liquid cation exchange after which both 5-HTP and 5-HT are measured by a sensitive radioenzymatic assay. Following decarboxylase inhibition, 5-HTP accumulates over 30 min in 6 brain nuclei examined, with negligible levels of 5-HTP being measured in the absence of decarboxylase inhibition. 5-HT levels do not change significantly up to 45 min after decarboxylase inhibition. Comparison of rates of tryptophan hydroxylation determined in 12 different microdissected rat brain areas reveals a greater rate of 5-HT biosynthetic activity in raphe nuclei containing 5-HT cell bodies than in nuclei containing 5-HT terminals. Pretreatment with para-chlorophenylalanine markedly reduces both 5-HTP accumulation and 5-HT levels in the nucleus raphe dorsalis. With this procedure quantities as little as 10 pg of both 5-HTP and 5-HT can be measured, allowing estimation of in vivo serotonin biosynthesis in microgram quantities of brain tissue. PMID- 6981743 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficit and hepatobiliary diseases. Study of a family]. PMID- 6981745 TI - [Inner ear and diabetes mellitus experimental streptocotocin diabetes in rats]. AB - The histological changes in the inner ear were compared with the hearing ability in insulin deficiency diabetes of rats. 38 LEW-Han-rats were treated with streptocotocin; 34 of these became diabetic, as proved by the glucose tolerance test. 22 rats served as controls. The diabetes was not treated. For a period of up to 440 days the weight, blood glucose and auditory function were controlled in the living animals. Auditory function was tested by means of pinnal reflex of Preyer for a frequency range between 1000 and 20000 cps. With regard to the mean values of frequency, neither a decrease nor a difference between normal controls and diabetic rats was found to any substantial degree. Histological examinations of sacrificed diabetic rats meanwhile showed the well-known changes in the kidneys with microaneurism, thickened basal lamina, mesangial proliferation, and hyaline bodies. The changes in the inner ear, especially in the region of the stria vascularis and lamina spiralis ossea to the ganglion cochleae, were rather discrete, so that no pronounced diminution of the auditory function as a result of restricted metabolism was to be expected. A loss of ganglion cells was seen in the spiral ganglion of the cochlea in correlation with ageing. There was no clear difference between diabetic rats and normal controls. Insulin deficiency diabetes causes severe changes in the vessels, as demonstrated in the kidney. In the inner ear, however, there were no comparable changes, the hearing ability of diabetic rats remaining practically normal. PMID- 6981744 TI - [Sensitization after local application of fibrin and thrombin]. PMID- 6981746 TI - [Current methods of physiotherapy]. PMID- 6981748 TI - The effects of flow and of hyperosmolal superfusion on the K+ permeability of single capillaries. PMID- 6981747 TI - Possible link between changes in plasma 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and healing of bone resorption in dialysis osteodystrophy. AB - Histomorphometric studies of bone biopsies were performed on 12 hemodialyzed patients before and after six months of treatment with 25-(OH) and 1 alpha-(OH) vitamin D3. Patients could be classified into three groups according to bone resorption: Group I with normal bone resorption; Group II with elevated initial bone resorption unresponsive to vitamin D treatment; group III with elevated initial bone resorption sensitive to vitamin D treatment. None of the patients had histological signs of osteomalacia. In Group I, plasma concentrations of 24,25-(OH)2D and the ratio of 24,25-(OH)2D to 25-(OH) D remained in the normal range throughout the study; in Group II these parameters were subnormal initially and did not increase above normal except in one case; in Group III, plasma concentrations of 24,25-(OH)2D were high before or at the beginning of vitamin D administration and normal at the time of the second biopsy and wide variations were observed in the ratio of 24,25-(OH)2D to 25-(OH)D. No difference was found between these last two groups with regard to the cumulative dose of vitamin D derivatives administered or the changes in plasma PTH, CT, calcium and phosphate. These observations suggest a specific regulation of plasma 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations in hemodialyzed patients and a possible link (independent of circulating PTH, CT, or phosphate) between this regulation and healing of bone resorption. However, no correlation was found between plasma 24,25-(OH)2D and either one of the simultaneously measured biochemical or histological parameters. PMID- 6981751 TI - Serum prolactin levels during pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum periods in Malay women. PMID- 6981749 TI - Subpopulation of T cells sensitive to natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA) of New Zealand mice. I. Distinct cytotoxic sensitivity of functional T cell subsets to NTA and anti-thy-1 antibodies. AB - NZB mice produce a natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA) capable of specifically injuring thymocytes and T cells. NTA-reactive antigen (NTA-A) shows a different density distribution among T cells, and partial killing with NTA and complement can eliminate T cells bearing NTA-A in high density. Thy-1 antigen is similar to NTA-A in this respect. To determine the effects of NTA and anti-Thy-1 on distinct functional subsets of T cells, Con A-induced suppressor T cell (Con A Ts) activity against the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), responding T cell (TMLR) activity in the allogeneic MLR, and Con A-induced cytotoxic T cell (Con A-Tc) activity were examined simultaneously in BALB/c spleen cells before and after partial elimination of NTA- and anti-Thy-1-sensitive T cells. Treatment with NTA and complement resulted in a marked reduction in Con A-Ts activity, a significant increase in TMLR-activity and a slight and inconstant decrease in Con A-Tc activity. Since Con A-generated T's were much less sensitive to NTA, the NTA sensitive T cells involved in Con A-Ts activity appear to be precursors or promoters of the Con A-Ts. In contrast, the precursors of Con A-Tc seem to relatively resistant to NTA. The increase in TMLR activity caused by NTA suggests the possibility that NTA is less cytotoxic for TMLR and cytotoxic for some suppressor T cells in allogeneic MLR. The monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody showed no such preferential cytotoxic effects on the three T cell functions. The NTA sensitive T cells, in contrast to anti-Thy-1-sensitive T cells, were reduced gradually during Con A stimulation. All these findings indicate that NTA-A not only differs from Thy-1 antigen but that it appears to be a unique T cell antigen. PMID- 6981750 TI - A case of neonatal meningitis caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus. PMID- 6981752 TI - Conjunctival photosensitivity to co-trimoxazole. PMID- 6981753 TI - Systemic Haemophilus influenzae infection in childhood. AB - Forty-nine children who had systemic Haemophilus infection and were treated at the Westmead Centre, Sydney, over a two-year period are described. The majority (29 of 49 children) were aged two years or less. Epiglottis and meningitis accounted for 77% of these infections. All H. influenzae isolates associated with clinical disease were of the capsular type b. Eight per cent (four of 50) of H. influenzae infections were caused by beta-lactamase producing strains. There was no geographic clustering or seasonal variation. There was no mortality. Major morbidity included two patients who had epiglottis and required tracheostomy, and two patients who had meningitis developed bilateral profound sensorineural deafness. No secondary cases were detected in household contacts of 21 patients with H. influenzae meningitis during the study period. Epiglottis frequently occurs in very young children. The rapid response to antibiotic treatment suggests that early cases of epiglottis may be undiagnosed, but treated with antibiotic agents in the community. PMID- 6981754 TI - [Study of ferredoxins in membranes of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides by means of Mossbauer spectroscopy]. AB - Mossbauer spectra were investigated in membranes (chromatophores) of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, enriched in 57Fe, over a temperature range from 4.2 to 300 K. The spectrum of isolated chromatophores is a symmetric doublet characterized by an isomeric shift delta=0.60+/-0.03 mm/s, quadrupole splitting delta=0.54+/-0.03 mm/s and a width gamma delta of 1.42+/-0.04 mm/3 at half maximum. These parameters, which are in fact characteristic of the Mossbauer spectra of bacterial ferredoxins, appeared practically invariable over a wide range of temperatures. The spectrum of dithionite-treated chromatophores, measured immediately after dithionite treatment, exhibits, in addition, a doublet having parameters characteristic of high-spin bivalent iron. The doublet linewidth of the Fe2+ (S=2) iron is equal, at room temperature, to the emission spectrum linewidth. At 4K, some broadening of the spectrum is observed, which is of magnetic origin. The intensity of the Fe2+(S=2) doublet from a dithionite treated sample shows a pronounced drop after several days of storage, with the intensity of the initial doublet rising. The overall area under the spectra, the linewidth and shape are not changed. Based on experimental data obtained, possible models of the active center composed of most frequently encountered membrane-bound ferredoxins of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides are discussed. PMID- 6981755 TI - Symposium: Atherosclerosis and diabetes. PMID- 6981756 TI - The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus in perspective. PMID- 6981758 TI - Hypertension as a risk factor in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6981757 TI - Lipoproteins as risk factors for vascular disease in diabetes. PMID- 6981760 TI - Intramural pathology in the diabetic heart: interstitial and microvascular alterations. PMID- 6981761 TI - Role of the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 6981759 TI - The arterial smooth muscle cell. PMID- 6981762 TI - Diabetes and the heart. PMID- 6981763 TI - Vascular disease of the lower extremities. PMID- 6981764 TI - Cerebral vascular disease in the diabetic. PMID- 6981765 TI - Hyperglycemia, including oral hypoglycemic agents. PMID- 6981766 TI - Cytokinetic and cytogenetic effects of some agricultural chemicals on human lymphoid cells in vitro: organophosphates. AB - In the present study, cytotoxic, cytostatic and cytogenetic effects of a number of organophosphate pesticides on human lymphoid cells (LAZ-007) in culture have been examined. Cytotoxic effects were dose related and often led to extensive cell kill. The pronounced effects of various organophosphates on the cell-cycle traverse were shown in data based on the enumeration of M1 and M3 metaphases after incubation of cells with BrdU. In cells incubated with 20 micrograms/ml of the various chemicals, the number of M1 metaphases ranged from 6% (R-1303) to 18% (Azodrin) compared to no M1 metaphases in control cultures. The number of M3s in cultures treated with 20 micrograms/ml of the various chemicals tested varied from 0% (Phosdrin) to 7% (parathion) as compared to 17% in control cultures. 11 out of the 14 organophosphates tested, significantly increased the SCE frequency. Of the 9 chemicals tested after metabolic activation by liver microsomal S9 preparation, significant increases in SCE frequency were seen in diazinon-, dimethoate-, Dursban- and Phosdrin-treated cells. PMID- 6981767 TI - Abilities of extracts of human lymphocytes to remove O6-methylguanine from DNA. AB - O6 MeGua is a presumptive mutagenic and carcinogenic product in DNAs treated with methylating agents. The abilities of lymphocyte extracts from 34 apparently normal individuals to remove O6 MeGua from exogenous DNA have been measured. The activity in extracts is stable to freezing and so permits repeat determinations and hence high precision in the assays. The data on removal are consistent with the idea that the removal is accomplished by the transfer of a methyl group to a methyl-accepting protein and that the protein acts in a stoichiometric fashion. Extracts from lymphocytes stimulated with PHA show on the average more activity than from unstimulated ones, although some extracts show no increase as a result of PHA stimulation of cells. There are large variations in the abilities of human lymphocytes to remove O6 MeGua, but the differences are not correlated significantly with sex or age. Unstimulated lymphocytes show a bimodal distribution of removing activity, whereas stimulated ones show a predominant single peak of activity. Extracts of T lymphocytes are more proficient than those of B lymphocytes and of any other white cells. On the average the number of presumptive acceptor molecules per cell in unstimulated lymphocytes is between 14 000 and 110 000 and in stimulated lymphocytes between 40 000 and 140 000. PMID- 6981768 TI - Decreased chemiluminescence in thymocytes of dystrophic hamsters. AB - When thymocytes are stimulated they generate reactive oxygen species, which under appropriate conditions produce chemiluminescence (CL). The reactions occur near the cell surface. Since genetically determined muscular dystrophies are currently considered "membrane diseases," we tested the CL of thymocytes from dystrophic hamsters, strain BIO 14.6, in comparison with control animals of the Rb-strain. CL of 33 x 10(6) thymocytes each was monitored in a liquid scintillation counter at 32 C. Dystrophic cells stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) reached only 60% of the normal peak CL. When stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187, dystrophic cells exhibited only 40% of the peak CL of control cells. The thymus weight of dystrophic hamsters was significantly reduced. It is not known yet whether these alterations of the thymus are secondary to extrathymic factors or whether they are intrinsic to the thymocyte. If the latter is true, it would be an indication that the genetic defect of dystrophic hamsters is also expressed in the thymus. PMID- 6981769 TI - Kartagener's syndrome with motile spermatozoa. PMID- 6981770 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 43-1982. A 63-year-old man with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6981771 TI - Regulatory control of the proliferation ad differentiation of normal and leukemia cells. PMID- 6981772 TI - Human squamous cell carcinoma in culture: a defect in terminal differentiation and its relation to malignancy. AB - Thirteen primary squamous cell carcinomas of the epidermis and of the oral and pharyngeal epithelium were cultured with a 3T3 fibroblast feeder layer, a system originally developed for clonal growth and long-term serial cultivation of normal human keratinocytes. Six of these tumors could be propagated indefinitely as established cell lines. They formed rapidly growing well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas when injected sc into athymic (nude) mice. The squamous cell carcinoma lines possessed different aneuploid karyotypes. They displayed subtle differences in colony morphology such that the were visually distinguishable from one another as well as from normal keratinocytes. The lines also varied greatly in their dependence on the fibroblast feeder layer for clonal growth in surface culture. Only 1 line could form large colonies with high efficiency in semisolid medium; the others grew only abortively under this condition and eventually differentiated terminally to form cornified envelopes. Progressive growth in semisolid medium, therefore, was not a useful in vitro marker of malignant transformation for these cancer cells of keratinocyte origin. However, a property shared by all the squamous cell carcinoma lines was a subnormal rate of commitment to terminal differentiation during incubation in suspension culture. Deprivation of anchorage triggers commitment so rapidly in normal keratinocyte populations that no cell remain viable after 2 days in semisolid medium. In contrast, after this same-period, all 6 lines retained more than 20% of their original colony-forming ability when replated in surface culture. This phenotype of increased survival capacity in semisolid medium promises to be a useful selective marker for the detection of rare malignant keratinocytes within large normal keratinocyte populations. PMID- 6981774 TI - Beneficial autoimmunity? PMID- 6981773 TI - Activation of normal differentiation and restoration of the normal phenotype in leukemia. AB - The origin and progression of cancer involves a sequence of genetic changes. However, evidence has been obtained with various types of tumors that malignant cells have not lost the genes that control normal growth and differentiation. Experiments are presented here on the induction of normal cell differentiation and restoration of the normal phenotype in myeloid leukemia by the physiological inducer of differentiation, i.e., the appropriate form of the macrophage and granulocyte that induces protein. The results of these studies can be therapeutically valuable. They have also been proposed as a general model for cell differentiation and the origin and progression of cancer. PMID- 6981776 TI - Changes in muscle stiffness during contraction recorded using ultrasonic waves. PMID- 6981775 TI - Structural and biological properties of a monoclonal auto-anti-(anti-idiotype) antibody. PMID- 6981777 TI - Impaired local graft-versus-host reaction in lipoid nephrosis. PMID- 6981778 TI - Arachnoid cyst of the posterior fossa associated with hydrocephalus. PMID- 6981779 TI - Effects of marijuana on human pregnancy, labor, and delivery. AB - We conducted a prospective study of the effects of marijuana use in 35 pregnancies. Thirty-six age- and parity-matched nonuser pregnancies were selected for comparison. (Users of other illicit drugs were excluded from study.) Users and nonusers were similar with respect to most potentially confounding prenatal risk factors, although users tended to come from lower income and educational background. Most adverse outcomes of pregnancy were too infrequent to allow reliable comparisons between the groups, but the infants born to users exhibited significantly more meconium staining (57%, versus 25% in nonusers). Significant differences in duration of labor were also observed. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. PMID- 6981781 TI - Technical note: flow sheet for the neurosurgical intensive care unit. AB - With the rapid expansion of knowledge and techniques for the care of critically ill patients, the organization and recording of data have become increasingly complex and increasingly important for patient care. A flow sheet for the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit has been developed in a series of pilot studies with input from general and cardiovascular surgeons and nurses specializing in critical care medicine. PMID- 6981780 TI - Marihuana use by pregnant women and effects on offspring: an update. AB - This report is based on a previously described sample of 291 mothers-to-be and on an additional 129 subjects. Among these 420 predominantly middle class pregnant women, approximately 3 percent used marihuana regularly during pregnancy. For assessing the effect of marihuana on pregnancy variables and the offspring, the mothers-to-be were matched in terms of nicotine and alcohol use. Marihuana use was associated with a shorter gestation period and a decreased maternal weight gain. No effect on birth weight, length of labor or difficulty in birth were observed. Consistent with the earlier report, babies born to women who smoked more than five joints per week during pregnancy demonstrated marked tremors and startles and altered visual responsiveness at 2-4 days of age. These symptoms had attenuated by 30 days and no developmental impairments were observed in any of seven babies who had reached one year of age born to women who had smoked 2 joints or more per week during pregnancy. PMID- 6981782 TI - Input to the vestibulo cerebellum and triceps brachii motoneurons during natural vestibular stimulation in frog. AB - The response of cerebellar Purkinje cells and nerve triceps brachii was recorded in paralyzed frogs during natural vestibular stimulation. The response from about 63% of the Purkinje cells (mossy fiber input) recorded in the vestibulo cerebellum and of the triceps nerve during triangular wave roll oscillation consisted of activity increase during the ipsilateral side-down half of the cycle and decrease during the contralateral side-down half. It was shown that this activity, which originates partially from ipsilateral vertical canals, can be added to, or suppressed by, otolithic activity, depending on head position and direction rotation. The fact that the response of Purkinje cells was similar to that of triceps nerve implies that the vestibulo-cerebellum receives information of vestibular signals passing to the motor system. The characteristics of otolithic-canal interaction recorded in triceps nerve may explain the motor disturbances that result from lesions of otolithic receptors. PMID- 6981783 TI - Vestibular dysfunction in Parkinson disease. AB - Symptoms and signs of postural instability are often present in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Because vestibular dysfunction might contribute to the postural instability, we carried out bithermal caloric tests and electronystagmography in 36 patients with PD and 316 controls. Significantly more PD patients had reduced and absent vestibular responses than controls. Decreased or absent vestibular responses in patients with PD were associated with postural instability and increasing severity of other symptoms. Vestibular dysfunction may contribute to the postural instability of PD. PMID- 6981785 TI - Portal hypertension in children due to thrombosis of the portal vein. AB - The case histories of seven children with prehepatic portal hypertension are presented. An umbilical vein catheter was introduced in six of the seven patients during the neonatal period for administration of fluids, including hypertonic and alkaline solutions. There appears to be a relationship between umbilical vein catheterization and thrombosis of the portal system. The methods of treating this condition are controversial. The most important sign is bleeding from oesophageal varices. Elective portosystemic shunts give the best operative results. A conservative policy, however, does not appear to have a higher mortality and probably results in a lower morbidity. Our present management is therefore conservative. PMID- 6981784 TI - Positron emission tomography in two cases of childhood epileptic encephalopathy (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome). AB - Two patients with childhood epileptic encephalopathy were studied by positron emission tomography before and after corpus callosotomy. Preoperatively, both patients showed in the temporal lobe unilateral hypometabolism that is characteristic of interictal epileptic foci. Postoperatively, the first patient had no seizures by the time of scanning, and his temporal lobe metabolism was bilaterally symmetric. Seizure control in the second patient did not improve by the time of scanning, and unilateral temporal hypometabolism persisted. This finding suggests a temporal lobe focus in two patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. PMID- 6981788 TI - Endogenous endophthalmitis among patients with candidemia. AB - Thirty-eight patients with fungemia were examined prospectively for development of endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis was present in 10 of 27 (37%) patients with Candida albicans fungemia. Only one patients with nonalbicans fungemia developed endophthalmitis. Of the preselected factors studied, only hemodialysis and parenteral hyperalimentation correlated with an increased incidence of endophthalmitis. Antibody titers by latex agglutination were of little predictive value for endophthalmitis. Antigen titers by latex agglutination were performed in four cases with endophthalmitis. Antigenemia was demonstrated in three of the four patients, all of whom had negative antibody serologies. Although inconclusive, the preliminary data indicate the test may prove to be of clinical value. Periodic ophthalmoscopic examinations should be considered mandatory in the evaluation of patients with fungemia. PMID- 6981786 TI - A critique on the limitations of the T and B cell theory. PMID- 6981787 TI - The differential diagnosis of Descemet's tears (Haab's striae) and posterior polymorpous dystrophy bands. A clinicopathologic study. AB - Band-like structures, clinically similar to Haab's striae, occur in posterior polymorphous dystrophy (PPMD) and are often confused with them. The difference in clinical appearance based on difference in histopathology allows a clear differentiation. The edge of Haab's striae are thickened, curled, and secondarily proliferate Descemet's membrane, while the area between the edge is thin and smooth. Posterior polymorphous dystrophy bands are the exact opposite. The band is a thickening of Descemet's membrane between the edges with thinner, more normal Descemet's membrane outside of them. PPMD bands may be associated with typical vesicles or appear as the only sign of dystrophy, even in the eyes of patients with a known family history. PMID- 6981789 TI - [Interrelation of the immune system with the processes of reparative regeneration of bone tissue]. PMID- 6981790 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin in children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6981791 TI - Psychiatric aspects of thalamic stimulation for neuropathic pain. AB - Twenty-four patients with neuropathic pain underwent thalamic stimulation after conventional surgical and medical treatments had failed. Psychiatric interviews and psychometric testing were carried out before and after surgery to screen candidates and to assess therapeutic response. Eighteen patients obtained either complete or partial pain relief by regular stimulation. Because of technical problems surgery was unsuccessful in 6 patients. Predictions of outcome by the psychiatrist based on the patient's premorbid personality traits, alcohol and narcotic abuse, psychopathology at interview, and psychosocial stressors showed no correlation with these surgical results. When surgery failed, therapeutic intervention was needed for severe disappointment and suicidal behaviour. In follow-up studies 2 of the 6 patients with continuing pain have died by suicide. When surgery succeeded, patients returned to a near normal and satisfactory way of life. Thalamic stimulation offers a promising alternative treatment for intractable neuropathic pain. PMID- 6981793 TI - Pathophysiology, live. PMID- 6981794 TI - Bile duct paucity ("intrahepatic atresia"). AB - Reduction of the number of interlobular bile ducts (BDP) has potentially significant physiologic consequences. Most of the disorders currently recognized as BDP involve an easily discernible reduction in duct numbers, but actual duct quantitation needs to be done routinely in the examination of liver biopsies in order to recognize and assay the importance of less marked reduction. Ducts are seldom if ever completely absent, and may not be uniformly reduced throughout the liver, so a wedge biopsy is the only completely satisfactory sample for the morphologic evaluation of duct numbers. In some conditions the number of ducts varies greatly with time. BDP may be only one aspect or manifestation of a disease primarily characterized by other features, or it may be the principal cause of distress and a major feature in defining a disorder. In a few conditions, the mechanism of the paucity has been quite well established as the destruction of previously existing ducts, but at present the basis for duct paucity in most conditions remain obscure. The treatment of BDP is similar in all conditions. Because of the wide range of circumstances in which BDP occurs, the prognosis is highly variable and depends on the underlying condition. In some patients BDP is associated with a long life of relatively good quality, in others it is associated with rapidly progressive liver disease, and in others with an intermediate course. In children particularly, conditions with BDP may be familial. In recent years there has been some advance in recognizing individual conditions associated with BDP, but many cases are still unclassifiable. Evaluation of a patient with BDP should be directed not only to diagnosing known conditions, but also to defining new ones, and should include family history, alpha 1-antitrypsin determinations, bile acid analyses, chromosome analysis, and consideration of virus infection. Additional efforts should be made to determine the pathogenesis of the duct paucity in individual conditions in order to prevent, arrest, or reverse the processes involved. PMID- 6981792 TI - Effects of maternal drinking and marijuana use on fetal growth and development. AB - A study of 1,690 mother/child pairs at Boston City Hospital was conducted to assess the impact of maternal alcohol consumption on fetal development when confounding variables were controlled. Level of maternal drinking prior to pregnancy was associated with shorter duration of gestation. Lower maternal weight change, history of maternal illnesses, cigarette smoking, and marijuana use, however, were more consistently related to adverse fetal growth and development. New findings in this study include a negative association between maternal marijuana use during pregnancy and fetal growth. Also when confounding variables were controlled, women who used marijuana during pregnancy were five times more likely to deliver infants with features considered compatible with the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 6981795 TI - Lithium distribution across the membrane of motoneurons in the isolated frog spinal cord. AB - Lithium sensitive microelectrodes were used to investigate the transmembrane distribution of lithium ions (Li+) in motoneurons of the isolated frog spinal cord. After addition of 5 mmol.1(-1) LiCl to the bathing solution the extracellular diffusion of Li+ was measured. At a depth of 500 micrometers, about 60 min elapsed before the extracellular Li+ concentration approached that of the bathing solution. Intracellular measurements revealed that Li+ started to enter the cells soon after reaching the motoneuron pool and after up to 120 min superfusion, an intra - to extracellular concentration ratio of about 0.7 was obtained. The resting membrane potential and height of antidromically evoked action potentials were not altered by 5 mmol.1(-1) Li+. PMID- 6981796 TI - Potassium permeability in thin amphibian myelinated fibres. AB - Potential clamp analysis of thin (10-12 micrometers) myelinated fibres from amphibia (Xenopus laevis and Rana temporaria) showed that they had a large delayed K-permeability (PK) and a PK/PNa-ratio of 0.32, which is similar to the ratio in large (25-30 micrometers) frog fibres. These results agree with earlier evidence of a large delayed PK in 10-15 micrometers Rana fibres; a recent description of a size-dependent difference in PK was thus not confirmed. The large PK (0.32 cm3s-1 X 10(-9) in 10-12 micrometers amphibian fibres contrasted with the small PK (0.05 cm3 s-1 X 10(-9) in 12 micrometers rat fibres. Frog and toad fibres also had a larger nodal capacitance (4 pF), but smaller leak conductance (18 nS) than rat fibres (1.4 pF and 29 nS). These differences may be related to the morphological evidence of a more open node with a larger surface area in the amphibian as compared to the rat node. PMID- 6981799 TI - Careers: rheumatology nursing. PMID- 6981798 TI - [Evaluation of CT and demonstration of ECT images on skeletal lesion in cases of post-operative breast cancer]. PMID- 6981797 TI - Kinetic studies on the effects of ouabain on Na+ fluxes in frog skin. AB - Among 48 pieces of paired frog skins of Rana pipiens in Ringer's solution, 10 pieces showed a strictly monotone decrease in the short circuit current (SCC) following ouabain treatment (10(-4) M). In 9 cases a transient attenuation, and in 27 cases a distinct wave in the ebb of the SCC, was seen. In 2 instances, two waves were seen. Associated with the not-monotone events was a transient rise in electrical skin conductance. The reasons for these mixed skin responses are unknown. One possible reason is considered here: Early during the ouabain action, some of the Na+ entering from the mucosal side is trapped in the skin by electroneutral processes, in keeping with the already known fact that ultimately cellular KCl is partly replaced by NaCl. Computer assisted model studies show how monotone, and not-monotone "transepithelial" net Na+ flux curves can be generated. Essential conditions for the generation of not-monotone Na+ flux curves are: 1. Presence of two distinct "cellular", active Na+ pools in the model. 2. Presence of a loop pathway in which a principal "transepithelial Na+ transport compartment", and a constituent "Na+/K+ maintenance compartment", are connected to each other and to the "extracellular" compartment. The model, then, predicts under which kinetic conditions monotone and not-monotone transepithelial Na+ flux curves will be seen. PMID- 6981800 TI - [An evaluation of the immunological system in patients with endogenous bronchial asthma. I. Humoral immunity indexes]. PMID- 6981801 TI - [Activity of various enzymes in the serum, changes in IgA, IgG and IgM immunoglobulins and antiglobulin antibodies in patients with pneumonia]. PMID- 6981802 TI - Evaluation of assays to detect immune complexes as an immunodiagnostic aid in patients with melanoma. AB - Sera from 211 melanoma patients were tested before and after surgery for the presence of immune complexes (i.c.) by the 125I-C1q radioimmunoassay (C1q RIA) and a nephelometric monoclonal rheumatoid factor assay (mRhF). The patients were grouped according to stage of disease and therapy. Before surgery stage III patients had a higher incidence of i.c. (26.9%) than stage II (17.5%) and stage I (6.1%) patients. The incidence of i.c. in the latter patients did not differ from that of normal controls. Stage I patients treated with BCG therapy had a higher incidence of i.c. before and after surgery to remove melanoma compared with untreated patients. The incidence of i.c. in stage I and II patients was higher in sera taken after surgical removal of tumour compared to that in sera taken before surgery. Sequential studies revealed that i.c. often appeared then disappeared prior to clinical detection of recurrences. These results suggested that antigen excess was a frequent cause for failure to detect i.c. A prospective evaluation of the usefulness of assays for i.c. to monitor disease activity in melanoma patients was conducted. In some individual patients detection of i.c. was a prelude to recurrence from melanoma but the high false negative rate and the presence of elevated i.c. levels unrelated to recurrent tumour suggested that these assays wound be of limited diagnostic value in the management of melanoma. PMID- 6981805 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum ]. PMID- 6981803 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis: the challenge of early diagnosis. AB - Ankylosing spondylitis can present a difficult diagnostic challenge. Not only is its etiology unknown, but its clinical manifestations are myriad and sometimes precede classic low back pain by years. The foremost aid in diagnosis is an awareness of these manifestations, coupled with a willingness to make a tentative (possible or probable) diagnosis of the disease. HLA-B27 positivity and radiologic evidence of sacroiliitis cannot be considered more than nonspecific findings. The earlier the diagnosis, the earlier therapy can be instituted to prevent or minimize disabling deformities. Patient education is integral to therapy and should stress proper posture and exercise in addition to realistic expectations. Medication, particularly the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, to relieve pain and timely surgical intervention, such as total hip replacement, to relieve pain and/or improve function may also be necessary. PMID- 6981804 TI - Physical therapies in arthritis: which to choose, when to use, how not to abuse. AB - Over 31,000,000 people in the United States have arthritis. Almost all of them will need treatment at some time. No less sophistication is needed for the judicious prescription of rehabilitative therapies than for the prescription of drugs or surgery. The potential for benefit from such therapies is great, but so also is the possibility for misuse or abuse. It is important to use well what has been well used, to know what is new, and to choose wisely. PMID- 6981806 TI - [The neurinoma of the duodenum ]. PMID- 6981808 TI - [Immunity indices in female genital tuberculosis]. PMID- 6981809 TI - [Immunological status of urinary and urogenital tuberculosis patients with a varying dynamic of the process]. PMID- 6981807 TI - A simple method for the measurement of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) using a latex agglutination inhibition technique. PMID- 6981810 TI - [Use of the immunocorrective preparation levamisole in treating renal tuberculosis and posttuberculotic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6981811 TI - Morphological and enzyme histochemical characterization of normal human labial salivary glands. PMID- 6981812 TI - Mechanisms that uncouple growth and differentiation in myeloid leukemia cells: restoration of requirement for normal growth-inducing protein without restoring induction of differentiation-inducing protein. AB - There are different macrophage- and granulocyte-inducing (MGI) proteins. Normal myeloid precursors are induced to multiply by one form (MGI-1) and to differentiate by another form (MGI-2). There are clones of myeloid leukemia cells that no longer require MGI-1 for growth but can still be induced to differentiate by MGI-2. After induction of differentiation in these leukemia cells by adding MCI-2 or inducing endogenous production of MGI-2 by lipopolysaccharide, the differentiating leukemia cells, like normal cells, again required MGI-1 for growth. This growth requirement for MGI-1 could not be substituted for by adding other protein growth factors such as epidermal, fibroblast, or nerve growth factor or insulin. Induction of differentiation in these leukemia cells by dexamethasone, arabinonucleoside (cytosine arabinoside), or methotrexate instead of by MGI-2, did not restore the requirement of MGI-1 for growth. Mutant myeloid leukemia cells that could not be induced to differentiate by MGI-2 also did not show this restoration of the requirement of MGI-1 for growth. MGI-1 in normal cells induced cell growth and also induced MGI-2, so that the cells could then differentiate by the endogenously produced MGI-2. However, MGI-1 did not induce production of MGI-2 in the leukemia cells, even though they again required MGI-1 for growth, so that there was no induction of differentiation after adding MGI-1. This lack of induction of differentiation-inducing protein by growth-inducing protein has thus identified an effective mechanism for uncoupling of growth and differentiation in malignant cells. PMID- 6981817 TI - Platelet adhesion to damaged coronary arteries: Comparison in normal and von Willebrand disease swine. AB - The early response to coronary artery injury was investigated in normal swine and in swine with von Willebrand disease (vWD). Thirty minutes after coronary endothelial denudation, a monolayer of platelets was adherent to areas of simple injury in both bleeder and normal swine. The number of adherent platelets was not significantly different in the two phenotypes. Injury involving the media of the vessel produced platelet-fibrin thrombi. Platelet activation, as judged by pseudopod formation and platelet spreading over areas of simple injury, was significantly less in bleeder animals than in normal animals. These studies suggest that chemotaxis and initial contact adhesion of platelets to injured arterial wall is independent of the von Willebrand factor. On the other hand, the spreading and activation of platelets on the subendothelium appear to be dependent on the presence of plasma von Willebrand factor. Through this mechanism von Willebrand factor may contribute to arterial thrombosis and atherogenesis. PMID- 6981813 TI - Clonal analysis of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes: T4+ and T8+ effector T cells recognize products of different major histocompatibility complex regions. AB - Alloreactive human T lymphocytes were cloned in soft agar or by limiting dilution and subsequently propagated with interleukin 2 and alloantigen for 8 months or more. By indirect immunofluorescence every clone was reactive with anti-Ia antibodies as well as the T cell-specific antibodies anti-T3 and anti-T11 and expressed either T4 or T8 antigens. All 15T8+ clones were highly cytotoxic for the sensitizing alloantigen. In contrast, only two of seven T4+ clones mediated cytotoxic effector function. The specificity of T4+ and T8+ clones and subclones was analyzed on a panel of typing cells and by antibody blocking studies of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants on the stimulating alloantigen. It was found that T8+ clones killed targets that shared class I MHC antigens (HLA A,B) with the original stimulator cells whereas cytotoxic T4+ clones were directed at class II MHC antigens (Ia-related). Preincubation of the allogeneic target cell with a monoclonal antibody to a nonpolymorphic HLA alpha-chain determinant inhibited killing by the T8+ clones but did not affect T4+ cytotoxic function. In a reciprocal fashion, anti-IA antibodies to common framework structures on the same target cell blocked killing by T4+ but not by T8+ clones. These results indicate that T4+ and T8+ T lymphocytes have receptors for different classes of MHC antigens and suggest tha cytotoxic T4+ subpopulations might be important in human transplantation and autoimmune disorders. PMID- 6981818 TI - Prostaglandins stimulate and inhibit acid secretion in amphibian fundic musoca. PMID- 6981814 TI - Protection against a nonimmunogenic mouse leukemia by an immunogenic variant obtained by mutagenesis. AB - The nonimmunogenic thymic leukemia TH, obtained in mouse strain CBA/Ht, was adapted to culture. By in vitro treatment of a clonal TH cell line with the mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, stable variant cell clones (tum-) were obtained that elicited a rejection response in syngeneic mice. Mice that had rejected a tum- variant were partially protected against a challenge with the original tumor. When spleen cells of these animals were restimulated in vitro, cytolytic T cells were obtained that were directed against an antigen present on the original tumor. The existence of these cytolytic effectors was confirmed by clonal analysis of the cytolytic response. No immune protection against TH was observed in mice that had been immunized with irradiated cells of the original TH tumor. These results confirm that tum- variants can elicit a syngeneic rejection response against tumors that are apparently devoid of transplantation immunogenicity. The experimental conditions and the results make it likely but not certain that the tumor-associated antigen detected on leukemia TH was present on the primary tumor. PMID- 6981816 TI - Interleukin 1 can replace the requirement for I-A-positive cells in the proliferation of antigen-primed T cells. AB - Antigen-primed T cells have been shown to require I-region-compatible adherent cells, as well as the priming antigen, to proliferate in vitro. We postulated that the Ia-recognition event is required for the T cell to induce secretion of the monokine interleukin 1 (IL 1) from adherent cells; the conventionally held view is that Ia is directly required for T cell activation. Our hypothesis predicts that IL I could replace the requirement for Ia+ cells in T cell proliferation assays in vitro. To test this prediction, we depleted keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed C57BL/6 mouse lymph node cells of I-A+ cells by treating with monoclonal anti-I-Ab and complement. As expected, this treatment eliminated the ability of KLH to provoke a proliferative response by primed T cells. Proliferation was restored by providing exogenous IL 1, but only in conjunction with added KLH. The proliferative response of primed T cells could also be blocked by adding anti-I-Ab to culture, and this inhibition could similarly be reversed by providing IL 1 in the presence of the specific antigen KLH. On the basis of these findings we propose a model of T cell activation and discuss its implications. PMID- 6981815 TI - Antigenic polypeptide fragments of a receptor related to the Fab fragment of human immunoglobulin from thymus-derived lymphocytes. AB - Certain thymus-derived lymphocytes of man and other primates express surface components related to the variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chains but lack constant region determinants defining any known immunoglobulin class. To obtain structural information on this molecule that can be used for comparison with known immunoglobulins and other surface molecules, we isolated the T cell-derived molecule by affinity chromatography using an antiserum raised against the monomeric Fab fragment of a human Waldenstrom macroglobulin and subjected the isolated molecule to either proteolysis using enzymes or cleavage with cyanogen bromide, followed by isolation of polypeptides which bore the Fab- or heavy chain variable region (VH)-related antigenic markers. The intact T cell molecule had an apparent mass of 68,000 daltons and no evidence was found for covalent or noncovalent association with polypeptides resembling light chains in apparent mass. The pattern of fragments obtained by cleavage of the T cell heavy chain suggests that the molecule is comprised of domains of approximate mass 12,000 daltons. Isolation of fragments from the digests that bear Fab-related serological markers shows that the molecule can be degraded into fragments resembling the Fd and VH of standard immunoglobulin heavy chains. A procedure was developed enabling the isolation of milligram quantities of VH-related T cell products. These results support the concept of a sharing of combining site determinants between T cell receptors and immunoglobulin heavy chains and show a general formal similarity between the two classes of molecules, even though they lack shared constant region determinants. The susceptibility of the T cell molecule to be cleaved into discrete antigenic fragments by controlled proteolysis might help to explain the plethora of sizes observed for antigen specific T cell factors. PMID- 6981820 TI - [Antipyretic activity of 3-amino-4-mercapto-6-methylpyridazine and some standard pharmaca]. AB - The induction of fever in the rat by means of yeast homogenates was used to evaluate the antipyretic activity of several pharmaca. Apart from 3-amino-4 mercapto-6-methylpyridazine (1; pyridazine S1), the author tested acetylsalicylic acid, phenacetin, aminophenazone, phenylbutazone and indometacin. The antipyretic activity of 1 was almost equal to that of aminophenazone. Dose-response relationships provided security for the comparison of the activities of these two pharmaca. The relatively low toxicity of 1 (nearly five times less than that of aminophenazone) was noteworthy. The antipyretic activity of 1 was not inhibited by atropine. The possible central attack mechanisms of pyridazine (which produce a decline of fever) are discussed in connexion with data from the literature. PMID- 6981819 TI - An effective mass-screening program for animal models of the inherited bleeding disorders. PMID- 6981822 TI - Color in the dreams of the color-blind. AB - This paper attempts to illustrate how three color-blind patients utilized color in their dreams in such a manner as to actively deny their visual defect. These patients had displaced to the eyes some critical conflicts about other body parts. The use of color to deny color blindness thus further served to deny other physical defects, both real and imaginary. In addition, this defense helped to fend off intense affects related to these defects as well as associated castration anxieties. PMID- 6981821 TI - Differential diagnosis and management of the dizzy patient. AB - Much diagnostic confusion arises from the fact that dizziness is a vague symptom with multiple individual interpretations. A systematic approach to eliciting a history from a dizzy patient is presented, differential diagnoses of vertigo are delineated, and appropriate treatment for peripheral labyrinthine disorders is suggested. PMID- 6981823 TI - Aspirin-induced bleeding and anxiety. PMID- 6981824 TI - [Radiation damage and repair of mouse T-cells. 4. Elimination of radiation induced migration defects in T-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6981827 TI - [Prolymphocytic transformation in chronic lymphatic leukemia. Comments apropos of a clinical case]. PMID- 6981826 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, aneurismatic dilatation of the thoracic aorta and filling defect on the esophagogram: a diagnostic triad suggesting aortoesophageal fistula. AB - A patient is described with an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta, which has ruptured into the esophagus. An esophageal X-ray contrast study has revealed a filling defect at the contact site of the esophagus and the aortic aneurysm. The filling defect was due to a clot protruding from the aorta into the esophagus. This unique case calls attention to a diagnostic triad: upper gastrointestinal bleeding, aneurysm of the thoracic aorta, and filling defect in the esophagus at its site of contact with the enlarged aorta. This triad suggested aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) in the patient and could help in the diagnosis of atypical cases of AEF, where thoracic aortography has not been performed initially. PMID- 6981829 TI - [Emergency surgery and ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6981832 TI - [Lower digestive tract hemorrhage in the adult]. PMID- 6981828 TI - [Use of emergency endoscopy in the diagnosis of upper digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6981833 TI - Some ultrastructural aspect of T and B lymphocytes and their significance in chronic internal diseases with immune component. AB - Some peculiar aspects of T and B lymphocytes from patients with chronic internal diseases with immune component such as: chronic hepatitis (CH), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus (DM), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and others, could be detected using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in association with cytomorphologic, cytoenzymochemical and/or cytoimmunologic methods. Among the more frequent aspects observed were the change of the T and B lymphocyte balance and the presence of giant nucleoli associated with RNA hyposynthesis. This latter aspect was proved to be a sign of unfavourable prognosis and of resistance to immunosuppressive treatments in diseases such as: RA, SLE and CLL. PMID- 6981830 TI - Derrick Edward Award Lecture. The pathogenic potential of mycoplasmas: Mycoplasma pulmonis as a model. AB - For years the ubiquity of Mycoplasma pulmonis in rodents overshadowed its pathogenic potential. Its etiologic significance in murine chronic respiratory disease was established only by recognition of the delicate equilibrium between organism and host. Environmental factors and genetic predisposition of the host rather than microbial virulence are the critical determinants of disease. The prevalence of M. pulmonis is undoubtedly related to the recently demonstrated in utero transmission and the ability of the organism to colonize and produce disease in the genital tract. The etiologic significance of Ureaplasma urealyticum in human genitourinary disease, like its murine counterpart, has been surrounded by controversy. Recent studies indicate that only a subgroup of colonized individuals develop clinical manifestations of disease, ranging from infertility to fetal wastage. While the natural occurrence of both respiratory and genital mycoplasmoses seriously restricts the usefulness of rats and mice for other research purposes, they represent useful models fo the study of human disease. The recognized morphologic similarities and similar natural histories of chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and emphysema in humans and of M. pulmonis respiratory disease in rats and mice make the latter a particularly useful model for study of the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary inflammation. At the same time, murine genital mycoplasmosis represents one of the few naturally occurring genital tract diseases in laboratory animals and therefore makes an attractive model for elucidating those subtle host-parasite interactions that predispose to genital disease and subsequent reproductive failure. PMID- 6981834 TI - Digestive disturbances and lesions induced by traumatic cerebral effects. PMID- 6981831 TI - In vitro studies on the mitogenic activity of mycoplasmal species toward lymphocytes. AB - The observed mitogenic activity of many mycoplasmal species provided the impetus for studies on this biologic manifestation. Studies designed to define the rat lymphocyte populations activated in vitro by Mycoplasma pulmonis showed that both B and T cells are activated. On the other hand, Mycoplasma neurolyticum induces nonspecific blastogenesis of the B-cell population of both rats and mice. These results and those of other workers suggest that the lymphocyte subpopulations activated by mycoplasmas differ with the mycoplasmal species and the origin of the lymphocytes. Further, one mycoplasmal species activates lymphocytes obtained from different species. Experiments performed to localize and define the biochemical nature of mitogens of M. pulmonis demonstrated that membranous outer surface proteins are major constituents of the mitogenic factors. Membrane carbohydrates, but not lipids, may also be involved in the mitogenicity of M. pulmonis. Further studies establish a direct correlation between mitogenicity and pathogenicity of M. pulmonis in rats. PMID- 6981825 TI - [Cellular composition of the lymphoid organs and parameters of the immune response in mice at lengthy intervals after irradiation]. PMID- 6981835 TI - Immunocompetence after incidental splenectomy. AB - Of 377 patients with chronic duodenal ulcer undergoing highly selective vagotomy, 13 were splenectomized peroperatively because of capsular tear. 12 of these patients were alive at the time of the subsequent investigation and each was matched with a non-splenectomized patient. The postoperative interval was almost 5 years (median). The splenectomized patients were characterized by their longer hospitalization, and increased blood counts of lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets. Analysis of lymphocyte subsets revealed increased numbers of both T and B lymphocytes after splenectomy Among the T cells, those with receptors for Fc of IgG were significantly more numerous in the splenectomized group. It is a matter of controversy whether or not this population contains T suppressor cells. Hence further functional investigations are needed to clarify whether our observations bear any relation to the low level of plasma IgM found by us and others in splenectomized individuals. Screening for complement activation by the classical and alternative pathways did not reveal any defects resulting from splenectomy. PMID- 6981836 TI - A high level of colony-stimulating activity in a lung cancer patient with extensive leucocytosis, and the establishment of a CSA producing cell line (KONT). AB - Colony-stimulating activity (CSA) was demonstrated in materials taken from a patient suffering from lung cancer associated with excessive leucocytosis. CSA was detected not only in his urine, serum and pleural effusion but also in the supernatant of cell cultures originating from the effusion. The excessive leukocytosis of the patient might be due to a CSA producing tumor. A cell line (KONT) originating from the CSA producing tumor has been maintained for 4 years and shown to produce mouse- and human-CSA. PMID- 6981837 TI - Development of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in a patient with polycythaemia vera. AB - A 73-year-old patient who had polycythaemia vera (PV), and who 6 years later developed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CCL) is described. 2 years after the appearance of CLL, the polycythaemic phase showed a remission following treatment with phlebotomy and busulfan. CLL did not make all the characteristics of PV disappear: leucocyte alkaline phosphatase and fibrosis of the bone marrow remained increased and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate remained low. The abnormal lymphocytes were B-cells and had the peculiarity that most of their nuclei showed a deep cleft, and some were bilobed. Chromosomal studies of the bone marrow showed the presence of a metacentric chromosome in the C-group, while the karyotype of the peripheral blood was normal. This case is described because of the rarity of the coexistence of these 2 diseases in the same patient. PMID- 6981838 TI - Expression of the H-2 antigenic complex on murine haematopoietic stem cells. AB - We used hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody to H-2Kk antigens and xenoantibodies to beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2 m) to study the expression of the H-2 antigenic molecular complex on murine hematopoietic stem cells and the effect of long-term culture in vitro on the expression of these antigens. Monoclonal anti-H2Kk antibody produced potent complement-dependent inhibition of pluripotent (CFU-S), myeloid (CFU-C), and erythroid (CFU-E) stem cells from the bone marrow of C3H and AKR(H-2k) mice and was without effect on stem cells from Balb/C (H-2d) mice. Anti-beta 2m xenoantibodies inhibited stem cells from all three strains. Stem cells could not be 'rescued' from the inhibitory effects of the antibodies by the addition of thymocytes to marrow cells after antibody treatment. Both the anti-H-2Kk monoclonal antibody and the anti-beta 2m xenoantibodies produced potent inhibition of AKR (H-2k) CFU-C that had been maintained in culture for up to 6 weeks. These results indicate that murine CFU-S, CFU-C, and CFU-E express H 2 antigens and that the expression of these antigens by CFU-C is not altered during long-term culture. PMID- 6981840 TI - Studies on mouse auto-reactive cells. II. Cytotoxicity exerted by mouse lymphocytes against syngeneic erythrocytes. AB - In mice, an in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity is directed towards syngeneic erythrocytes used as targets. This phenomenon occurs in lymphoid organs of normal, non-immunized mice. Its intensity is greater in the thymus than in spleen or lymph nodes. The study of the nature of the cell responsible for this spontaneous syngeneic cytotoxicity ruled out the role of macrophages. The involvement of T cells in this phenomenon is assessed by its disappearance after the lymphoid cells had been treated with anti-theta serum plus complement, by its disappearance from lymphoid organs of mice previously treated by hydrocortisone, and by its decrease in the presence of synthetic thymic factor. Moreover, spontaneous syngeneic cytotoxicity is lost when lymphoid cells are depleted at autologous rosettes by centrifugation on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient after rosette formation. Cytotoxic lymphocytes might belong to the population of auto-rosettes previously characterized as a population of immature T cells. PMID- 6981842 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica biotype I. Diarrhoea and episodes of HLA B27 related ocular and rheumatic inflammatory disease in South-East England. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica biotype I were isolated from faeces of 16% of 56 consecutive patients with diarrhoea or gastrointestinal symptoms and 2.8% of 109 healthy controls (p less than 0.01). Similar Yersinia biotypes were isolated from 4% of samples from 86 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 4.5% of samples from 140 ankylosing spondylitis patients examined regularly over an 8-month period. These results suggest that Yersinia enterocolitica biotype I are regular but infrequent inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract in south-east England. The increased isolation rate of these microorganisms from patients with enteric disease and from patients with exacerbations of HLA B27-related arthritic and ocular inflammatory disease justifies further investigations. PMID- 6981841 TI - Thymic influences on autoimmunity in MRL-lpr mice. AB - We have examined the role of the thymus in the development of autoimmunity in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL-lpr) mice. MRL-lpr mice develop a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by features of systemic lupus erythematosus and by massive proliferation of a subpopulation of Lyt-1+23- T cells. Using fluorescein conjugated monoclonal antibodies and the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, we have found an abnormal pattern of differentiation within the MRL-lpr thymus characterized by a loss of Lyt-123+ thymocytes and an increased frequency of Lyt 1+23- thymocytes. Neonatal thymectomy retarded lymphoproliferation, reduced autoantibody concentrations, improved renal function, and prolonged life. Furthermore, neonatal thymectomy resulted in a relatively specific elimination of the subset of T cells involved in the lymphoproliferative process. These findings suggest that thymic maturation of T cells with alloantigenic characteristics of a helper subpopulation may contribute to the marked lymphoproliferation and severe autoimmunity of MRL-lpr mice. Neonatal thymectomy may protect against autoimmunity by preventing the maturation of this helper subpopulation. PMID- 6981844 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of urotensin I, a hypotensive and corticotropin releasing neuropeptide from Catostomus. AB - Urotensin I, purified from extracts of the urophysis of a teleost fish (Catostomus commersoni), exhibits potent hypotensive activity (mammals and birds) and corticotropin-releasing activity (both fish and mammals). The primary structure of this 41-residue peptide was determined to be H-Asn-Asp-Asp-Pro-Pro Ile-Ser-Ile-Asp-Leu-Thr-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Asn-Met-Ile-Glu- Met-Ala-Arg-Ile-Glu Asn-Glu-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Gly-Leu-Asn-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Glu -Val-NH2. Extraction with 0.1N HCl at 100 degrees C cleaves the amino-terminal tripeptide, yeilding a fully active analog, urotensin I(4-41). The amino acid sequence was confirmed by measuring the biological activity of synthetic urotensin I(4-41). Urotensin I exhibits a striking sequence homology with ovine corticotropin-releasing factor and with frog sauvagine. These three peptides exhibit similar activities in biological test systems. PMID- 6981839 TI - Receptors for the third complement component on a proportion of large granular lymphocytes from human peripheral blood. AB - Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) are nonadherent cells with cytoplasmic azurophilic granules, avid receptors for the Fc portion of IgG, and a paranuclear localization of alpha-naphthyl acid esterase or acid phosphatase. LGL constitute the bulk of TG cells (cells with receptors for sheep erythrocytes and for IgG molecules) and null cells (non-T, non-B cells). In the present study we demonstrate that 20-33% of the circulating human LGL express receptors for the third complement component (C3R). When TG cell or null cell fractions from normal individuals or non-T cells from a patient with infantile agammaglobulinaemia (which contained almost exclusively LGL) were rosetted with erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement, a variable number of C3R-bearing cells were detected. Such cells were isolated and analysed further; the great majority of them displayed the cytochemical and ultrastructural features of LGL. PMID- 6981843 TI - Patterns of human local cerebral glucose metabolism during epileptic seizures. AB - Ictal patterns of local cerebral metabolic rate have been studied in epileptic patients by positron computed tomography with 18F-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D glucose. Partial seizures were associated with activation of anatomic structures unique to each patient studied. Ictal increases and decreases in local cerebral metabolism were observed. Scans performed during generalized convulsions induced by electroshock demonstrated a diffuse ictal increase and postictal decrease in cerebral metabolism. Petit mal absences were associated with a diffuse increase in cerebral metabolic rate. The ictal fluorodeoxyglucose patterns obtained from patients do not resemble autoradiographic patterns obtained from common experimental animal models of epilepsy. PMID- 6981845 TI - Surface structures involved in target recognition by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Cloned human cytotoxic T lymphocytes and monoclonal antibodies inhibiting their function (anti-T3A, anti-T4A, and anti-T8A) were used to elucidate the role of T cell surface glycoproteins in cell-mediated lympholysis involving individual classes of gene products of the major histocompatibility complex on target cells. The results indicate that several surface molecules are required for specific target recognition: T3 and T4 on T4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T3 and T8 on T8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6981846 TI - Placental mononuclear phagocytes as a source of interleukin-1. AB - Mouse and human placental tissue contains a large number of mononuclear phagocytes. These cells, isolated from placenta, were shown to produce the multifaceted immune factor interleukin-1. Activity in the supernatants of 48-hour mononuclear phagocyte cultures was associated with a 12,000- to 18,000-dalton protein, consistent with known interleukin-1 characteristics. Stimulation of phagocytosis with latex beads increased the production and release of interleukin 1 from these placental cells, which may be a useful source of this protein. PMID- 6981847 TI - A new subtype of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia. AB - Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is a human type-C RNA tumor virus (retrovirus) previously identified in and isolated from several patients with T-cell leukemias or lymphomas. The known virus isolates from the United States and Japan are closely related and are found in adults with an acute malignancy of mature T cells. A related retrovirus has been found in a patient (Mo) with a somewhat different disease (a T-cell variant of relatively benign hairy cell leukemia). Serum from Mo contains antibodies to the major internal core protein (p24) of HTLV. A T-cell line established from the spleen of Mo expresses HTLV antigens. However, HTLV from Mo is significantly different from all previous HTLV isolates in immunological cross-reactivity tests of p24. The usual prototype HTLV isolate is represented as HTLV-I, and the HTLV from Mo is represented as HTLV-II. Individual members of each subgroup may then be identified by subscript initials of the patient [for example, HTLV-I(CR), HTLV-I(MB), and HTLV-II(Mo)]. PMID- 6981848 TI - Nuclear medicine and complementary modalities in renal trauma. AB - The diagnosis of renal trauma for many years was achieved through history, clinical findings, the performance of a survey film of the abdomen, urinalysis, excretory urography, aortography, and selective renal artery arteriography. The development of the scintillation camera and the availability of 99mTc, as well as 99mTc labeled pharmaceuticals, approximately fifteen years ago has widened this diagnostic horizon. Exquisite new imaging modalities have become available recently. As a result of constantly improving technology, these techniques- including computed tomography, sonography, with real time enhancement, and digital video subtraction angiography--are utilized more and more frequently. The full impact of these newest wonders is not yet realized. Cost-effectiveness, radiation exposure, accumulative drug side-effects, availability of facilities and personnel and professional and technical training have become major considerations. PMID- 6981849 TI - Perceived influence of different information sources on the decision-making of internal medicine house staff and faculty. AB - To determine the extent to which different sources of information are perceived to influence common medical decisions, 10 interns, 22 senior residents and 9 faculty general internists rated the degree of influence of house staff, general internists, subspecialists, conferences, journal reading and past experience on their decisions concerning primary prevention (vaccination), secondary prevention (screening) and drug therapy. Analysis of variance of their questionnaire data supports the following conclusions: physicians at different stages of training rely on different sources of information; as physicians advance in training the influence of generalists wanes while that of subspecialists increases; subspecialists and past experience are perceived as primarily affecting therapeutic decisions; primary prevention appears least subject to influence by prevailing information sources; and the preference for reading begins early and increases as physicians advance in training. These data suggest that designing effective medical education requires considering the level of the physician's training and the nature of the medical decision. PMID- 6981850 TI - Heart disease in a total population of children: the Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - A cross-sectional survey of a total semirural biracial population of children was conducted to determine the prevalence and types of cardiac disease. Of 4,074 children examined, 146 were thought to have significant cardiac murmurs. One hundred thirteen of these participated in a follow-up study in which they received a physical examination by two adult cardiologists and one pediatric cardiologist, a chest roentgenogram, and an electrocardiogram. An attempt at a consensus concerning the diagnosis was made by subsequent discussions among the physicians. The discussions were repeated in 33 cases after a phonocardiogram and/or an echocardiogram were done. In 20 children, cardiac disease was diagnosed by at least two cardiologists. Supplementing this with information from hospital records on some of the children and data from a previous study, cardiac abnormalities were diagnosed in 25 children from the total population (0.6%). A disproportionately greater number of black children and boys were affected. Thirteen children had congenital heart disease, five had mitral valve prolapse, and only two had rheumatic heart disease. The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse was probably underestimated in this study. PMID- 6981851 TI - Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity testing. AB - The topic of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity testing is reviewed. When skin tests are used to determine whether an individual is anergic, T cell immunity is evaluated. Skin testing can be used to determine the causative organisms of infection or to discover an immunologic deficiency state. Characteristic skin lesions usually develop after intradermal injection of the antigen. Skin testing uses the most ubiquitous environmental antigens and those that are safe, cheap, and effective. Important issues dealing with skin tests include false-positive and false-negative reactions, which antigens to use in an antigen "battery," their lack of standardization, and the method of administration. Despite the problems, skin testing remains an easy, relatively safe method of assessing the immune system. Some investigators are developing more reliable testing methods and alternative antigens. Further research is needed to develop a reliable method for assessing delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. PMID- 6981852 TI - Saphenous vein bypass to the posterior interventricular vein: an unusual complication of coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6981853 TI - [Functional properties of T-lymphocytes in the acute period of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6981854 TI - Management of the third stage of labour in the midwife obstetric units in Cape Town. AB - A revised scheme of management of the third stage of labour was recently introduced in the Midwife Obstetric Units in Cape Town. Patients received synthetic oxytocin (Syntocinon; Sandoz) 5 IU intramuscularly with the delivery of the anterior shoulder and ergometrine maleate 0.5 mg intramuscularly after delivery of the placenta. A significant decrease in the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta was observed, warranting continuation of the new regimen. PMID- 6981855 TI - Isolation of deoxycoformycin-resistant cells with increased levels of adenosine deaminase. AB - Deoxycoformycin (dCF) is a specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA). Rat hepatoma cells deficient in adenosine kinase and growing on adenosine as the sole carbon source are sensitive to the lethal action of dCF. Mutants resistant to dCF arise spontaneously with a frequency of 1.7 x 10(-6). This frequency is increased to 2.6 x 10(-5) by prior mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate. Initially, dCF resistant cell lines have 3-10 times the level of adenosine deaminase when compared to sensitive parental cells. Subsequent selection of mutants resistant to increased concentrations of dCF results in cells with a 15- to 30-fold increase in ADA levels. Quantitative immunoprecipitation tests indicate that the increase in enzyme activity in one line tested is due to an increase in the number of ADA molecules. These dCF' cell lines may serve as a model system to study the human disease state, hereditary hemolytic anemia, which is associated with increased levels of ADA. PMID- 6981857 TI - Endoscopic electrocoagulation in the management of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. PMID- 6981858 TI - Endoscopy of the small bowel. PMID- 6981856 TI - Suppression and reexpression of human intestinal-like alkaline phosphatase in intraspecific hybrids. AB - Expression of the gene locus which codes for a form of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been analyzed in intraspecific somatic cell hybrids. Hybrids were constructed between D98/AH-2, a line of HeLa which ectopically synthesizes high levels of this ALP isozyme, and three different nonintestinal ALP-producing diploid lines. In chromosomally complete hybrids, expression of the ALP isozyme was initially suppressed, but on extended culture, reexpression occurred, as did limited chromosome loss. Results from extensive subcloning experiments showed that events leading to reexpression occurred at high frequency, and this ALP reexpression appeared to confer some selective advantage, direct or indirect, on the cells. In the fibroblast hybrids, reexpression of the intestinal-like ALP was always accompanied by new, high-level expression of liver/bone/kidney ALP, the product of a separate ALP gene locus. Thus expression of the one ALP locus is not excluded and, in fact, appears to be promoted by expression of the other in these cells. PMID- 6981859 TI - Complications of colonoscopy and polypectomy. PMID- 6981860 TI - Colonoscopic diagnosis and management of rectal bleeding. AB - The use of the colonoscope to evaluate the cause of rectal bleeding in a series of 2200 patients has been reviewed. The most common cause of bleeding in this series was found to be neoplastic polyps, which were present in 723 patients (32 per cent). Colonic carcinoma was detected as the source of the bleeding in 425 cases (19 per cent). Although a large number of barium enema films were false negatives, the patients reviewed are a highly select group. It is still believed that barium enema studies and colonoscopy are complementary rather than competitive procedures. Their continued combined use greatly enhances diagnostic accuracy. Various other causes of colonic bleeding, including inflammatory bowel disease, arteriovenous malformations, endometriosis, ovarian carcinoma, ischemic colitis, and radiation colitis, have been discussed and their endoscopic appearance described. Of particular significance is the coexistence of internal hemorrhoids or diverticular disease and neoplastic colonic lesions. Barium enema films and sigmoidoscopy have been frequently described as the twin pillars of diagnosis in the detection of colonic pathology. Colonoscopy, as the third pillar of diagnosis, should be an integral part of the evaluation of patients with rectal bleeding. PMID- 6981861 TI - Esophageal variceal sclerosis. AB - In one year, we have performed esophageal varix sclerosis upon 20 patients with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices who were not candidates for portosystemic shunting. The flexible fiberoptic endoscope permits sclerosis of both gastric and esophageal varices and is less prone to serious complications than the rigid instrument. Repeated injections are necessary to control hemorrhage. Five of nine acute episodes were successfully controlled. Fifteen patients survived initial hospitalization and entered a chronic injection protocol. Sclerosis has controlled recurrent variceal bleeding in 13 of this group. We now use injection sclerosis as the primary form of therapy for patients who have bled from esophageal varices. Portosystemic shunting is reserved for those instances of sclerotherapy failures. PMID- 6981862 TI - Early survival after sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Forty-two patients from the University of Minnesota Hospitals and Minneapolis Veterans Administration Hospital underwent sclerotherapy for endoscopically verified esophageal varices. No patient was excluded because of poor hepatic functional reserve or serious co-morbid condition. Eleven patients were actively bleeding at the time of sclerotherapy. Thirty-one were listed as Child class B and C. After sclerotherapy, six of 25 survivors have had obliteration of varices. Substantial improvement was noted endoscopically in eight others. The most frequent complication was rebleeding, which occurred in 20 patients. Rebleeding led to surgical intervention in seven and to seven nonoperative deaths. There were two instances of mesenteric venous thrombosis complication not previously described following sclerotherapy. Twenty-nine patients survived two months, and 16 patients are alive at six months. These figures compare quite favorably with survival figures from other groups of patients who had roughly comparable liver impairment and who underwent medical treatment or portacaval shunts as an emergency measure. PMID- 6981863 TI - The blind pouch syndrome. AB - The blind pouch syndrome is a series of symptoms associated with blind pouch formation, secondary to a side-to-side intestinal anastomosis. The diagnosis is easily suspected in a patient with anemia, episodes of diarrhea, intermittent crampy abdominal pain, weight loss and a history of a previous abdominal operation. The effectiveness of intubation-infusion barium studies of the small intestine in demonstrating obscure lesions therein, undetected by conventional methods, should be used for a prompt and precise diagnosis preoperatively. Surgical correction by means of resection of involved lateral anastomosis with end-to-end anastomosis has been successful, eliminating future complications. PMID- 6981864 TI - Massive rectal bleeding of colonic origin: localization of the bleeding site. AB - Fourteen patients with massive colonic bleeding underwent preoperative evaluation including visceral angiography and/or colonoscopy. Segmental for subtotal colectomy was performed in each case. The freshly excised colonic specimen was opened and washed clean, and the mucosal surface was closely examined by manually compressing the specimen segment by segment in order to detect the minute bleeding site(s), which were then marked with a suture for histologic sectioning. This maneuver was successful in 13 instances. In 11 of these, histologic identification was made; seven were cases of vascular malformations, and four were cases of diverticular bleeding. In 5 of these 11 cases, colonoscopy and/or visceral angiography failed to localize the bleeding sites; four were cases of bleeding of diverticular origin. Of the two patients in whom histologic identification was not made despite suture identification, one underwent a second colonic resection in which bleeding sites were histologically identified; the bleeding was not caused by vascular malformations or diverticula. The method of examining the freshly excised specimen described is useful for accurate histologic identification of the cause of colonic bleeding, particularly for diverticular bleeding. The method is also useful for immediate assessment of adequacy and appropriateness of surgical resection. PMID- 6981865 TI - Morbidity of emergency operations in patients with metastatic cancer receiving chemotherapy. AB - During a 5-year period, 21 patients with metastatic cancer receiving chemotherapy for periods ranging from 2 months to 5 years have required emergency abdominal operations. Symptoms in 15 indicated perforated viscus, whereas six developed massive, unremitting hemorrhage. All were operated upon with the sole intent of correcting the life-threatening problem, and every attempt was made to maintain or normalize physiologic parameters postoperatively. Despite this, 51 major complications occurred in 19 patients, and 17 died in the immediate postoperative period, 11 following multiple systems failure. Two died within 1 month of transfer to another hospital nearer home. A single patient lived 5 months at a nursing facility. The only survivor is living in a complete state of remission 9 months after discharge. No distinguishing features that might preoperatively predict which patient might survive emergency operation were found. The monetary cost of returning the sole survivor to society was over $500,000, discounting the emotional expenditure required of patients, families, and hospital staff. The dilemma the surgeon faces in making therapeutic decisions regarding such patients requires careful weighing of realities and the willingness to assume responsibility for the best possible choice in order to free the patient and family from agonizing deliberations. PMID- 6981866 TI - An optimized assay for prekallikrein activator activity in human plasma products. AB - Prekallikrein activator (PKA) assay is described. PKA was measured indirectly by allowing it to generate kallikrein from prekallikrein and then measuring the amidolytic activity of kallikrein by using the synthetic chromogenic substrate S 2302. It was ensured that sufficient amounts of substrates were included in both enzymatic phases of the assay, and the pH and ionic strength which seemed to be very important in the assay were carefully controlled. Both a kinetic assay and a simple endpoint assay are described. Other amidolytic enzymes probably present in plasma products are also estimated and a correction is made to exclude their role in the assay result. The precision of the kinetic assay is characterized by the coefficient of variation of 3.1% within an assay and the reproducibility by that of 4.8% between assays. For the endpoint assay both values are 4.8%. PMID- 6981867 TI - Ocular irritancy responses to various pHs of acids and bases with and without irrigation. AB - Acids and alkalies were instilled into the eyes of 2 groups of rabbits; the eyes of one group were washed with tap water 30 s after exposure. Damage seen in washed and unwashed eyes was not always related to pH. Some strong acids with greater acidity than pH 2.5 produced opacities while 0.3% hydrochloric acid with a pH of 1.28 produced no ocular damage. Phenol (5%) and acetic acid (5%) with pHs greater than 2.5 produced damage equivalent to or greater than that produced by equal concentrations (w/v) of the mineral acids. All alkalies with pHs ranging from 11.5 to 13.5 produced opacities and other ocular damage of different degrees depending upon the alkali and its concentration. For example, low concentrations of some alkalies in the pH range from 11.3 to 12.8 produced no ocular changes. The duration of the corneal opacities produced by phenol, 1% sodium hydroxide, acetic acid and anhydrous sodium carbonate and the onset of corneal opacity produced by 5% sulfuric acid, the weak acids and 1% sodium hydroxide were reduced as a result of washing the test eyes 30 s after instillation of the test material. These data suggest that acidity and alkalinity of the test material are not the only factors to be considered in relation to a substances' capacity to produce severe ocular injury. The concentration of the test chemical and its period of contact with the eye prior to washing are also important. PMID- 6981868 TI - [Extensive isolated injury to the tongue]. PMID- 6981871 TI - The prevalence of tuberculous laryngitis in pulmonary tuberculosis in Tanzanians. AB - To assess the prevalence of tuberculous laryngitis in Tanzanians a study was made of 341 patients admitted for pulmonary tuberculosis to the chest unit of Muhimbili Medical Centre, University Hospital of Dar-es-Salaam. Laryngeal involvement, assessed by indirect laryngoscopy, was present in 27% of previously untreated patients. Hoarseness, which invariably accompanied lesions in the glottic region, was found in 53%. If a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis complains of hoarseness then concomitant tuberculous laryngitis is the first differential diagnostic consideration. Tuberculous laryngitis is usually related to advanced stages of pulmonary tuberculosis. Indirect laryngoscopy is an essential part of routine investigations for pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6981869 TI - Digital subtraction angiography in cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6981872 TI - A prevalence survey of lower limb motor disorders in school-age children in Niger and an estimation of poliomyelitis incidence. AB - An investigation of lower limb motor disorders among school-age children in Niger has shown a prevalence rate of seven per thousand in this age group. Sequelae of poliomyelitis, the major group among these disorders, show no significant difference according to sex or to school attendance status. Eight per cent of children suffering from poliomyelitis sequelae are unable to work and a further eight per cent need crutches or other aids. Patient histories indicate that over 90% of cases occurred before the child's fourth birthday. Extrapolation from the observed data indicate a tentative annual incidence rate for paralytic poliomyelitis in the order of 45 per 100,000, a figure seven to ten times higher than the figures gathered from routine notifications of poliomyelitis in Niger. The total number of those unable to walk unaided among children under 15 can be estimated in 1981 at 1600, half of whom are unable to walk at all. Trauma to peripheral nerves after intramuscular injections, usually of quinine salts, is second only to poliomyelitis as a cause of lower limb motor disorders. PMID- 6981870 TI - Chloramphenicol versus combination chemotherapy in typhoid fever. PMID- 6981873 TI - [Antimutagenic action of cellular and humoral immunity factors in cytogenetic disorders of cultured fibroblasts induced by a vaccinal strain of the measles virus]. AB - In the human fibroblast culture media infected with measles virus (strain Leningrad-16), the injection of non-immune autogenic leucocytes and T-lymphocytes was shown to lead to a substantial decrease in fibroblast frequency with alterations in chromosome number and, in a lesser degree, with break in the structure of chromosomes. Immune homogenic leucocytes render an opposite effect. The injection of immune sera stabilized the cell frequency with chromosome aberrations. Non-immune homogenic leucocytes have no antimutagenic activity. PMID- 6981876 TI - [Local and mediated action of physical methods of stimulating bone repair]. PMID- 6981874 TI - Current concepts in antimicrobial therapy of prostatitis. AB - Acute prostatitis usually is caused by aerobic gram-negative organisms or, to a lesser extent, the enterococci. The treatment of acute prostatitis requires the use of an antimicrobial with the appropriate spectrum for ten to fourteen days. However, treatment of chronic prostatitis is a more difficult therapeutic problem because of the relative impermeability of the noninflamed prostate to the majority of antimicrobial agents. The organisms most commonly responsible for chronic prostatitis include the aerobic gram-negative organisms, as well as chlamydia. Chlamydia may be the sole pathogens, or may be found as a copathogen with gram-negative organisms. Relatively few antibiotics have the appropriate physiochemical characteristics to penetrate the subacutely inflamed prostate. The most important determinant of tissue penetration in chronic prostatitis is the lipid solubility of the antibiotic, to a lesser extent its pKa (ionization potential), and the molecular size of the antibiotic. In general, penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides do not penetrate well into the chronically inflammed prostate tissue. At the present time, the preferred agents in treating chronic prostatitis are trimethoprim or doxycycline. Doxycycline has the advantage of being active against chlamydia as well as the usual organisms that are responsible for chronic prostatitis. Therapy should be continued for two to three months. PMID- 6981875 TI - [Localization function and differential sensitivity of the auditory system in brain lesions]. PMID- 6981877 TI - Bovine costimulator. I. Production kinetics, partial purification, and quantification in serum-free Iscove's medium. AB - Bovine peripheral blood leukocytes were examined for blast transformation in response to T-cell lectins in serum-containing RPMI 1640 medium and serum-free Iscove's medium. Phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis was significantly greater in Iscove's medium than in RPMI containing ten percent fetal calf serum. Concanavalin A-induced blast transformation was equivalent in both media. However, the kinetics of lectin response and the quantity of lectin required for optimum blastogenesis was considerably different in the two culture media. Concanavalin A-induced blast transformation of bovine thymocytes in Iscove's medium revealed that a concentration of 10(6) cells/ml, inconsequential blastogenesis ensued; but at 10(7) cells/ml blast transformation was significant and dose-dependent. Therefore, conditioned media from concanavalin A-stimulated bovine peripheral blood leukocytes, prepared in serum-free Iscove's medium, were assayed for costimulator activity using bovine thymocytes at 10(6) cells/ml in Iscove's medium as indicator cells. Both optimum lectin requirements and cell concentrations for production of costimulator activity were found. Conditioned medium, operated with the total exclusion of serum and with optimal costimulator activity, was fractionated via gel exclusion chromatography. A quantitative assay was described, and results indicated that bovine costimulator had an approximate molecular weight of 20,000 daltons. PMID- 6981878 TI - Comparative tryptic peptide analysis of candidate P85gag-mos of ts110 Moloney murine sarcoma virus and P38-P23 mos gene-related proteins of wild-type virus. PMID- 6981879 TI - Effects of maintained illumination upon [K+]0 in the subretinal space of the frog retina. AB - Changes in extracellular potassium ion concentration, [K+]0, were measured in the subretinal space of an in vitro preparation of bullfrog retina, pigment epithelium and choroid. In response to maintained illumination [K+]0 fell to a minimum value in 30-40 sec, and then began to recover, reaching a steady-state approximately 10 min after light onset. At light offset, [K+]0 overshot the dark adapted baseline before recovering. Pigment epithelial membrane potentials followed [K+]0 during this entire timeperiod, causing parallel changes in the d.c. level of the vitreal electroretinogram (ERG). These changes in [K+]0 are very similar to those observed in the cat retina in vivo, except that they are slower in time-course by nearly an order of magnitude. The vitreal ERG, however, is much different in frog than in cat, since in frog, but not in cat, it is an indirect measure of [K+]0 in the subretinal space. PMID- 6981880 TI - Studies on light-sensitive units in the deep mesencephalon of blinded frogs. AB - Unit responses susceptible to light stimulation of a small area on the frog's head were recorded in the deep encephalon of blinded specimens of Rana esculenta. The responses consisted of a spike discharge upon illumination. Using a threshold criterion the dark adaptation curves showed two parts, separated by a kink, the final dark threshold being complete after 20-30 min in darkness. Using a threshold criterion the spectral sensitivity curves under dark adapted conditions were broad with a peak at 548 nm. The dark adapted intensity threshold for a stimulus of 548 nm ranged between 0.15-1.4 microW/cm2. PMID- 6981881 TI - [Diagnosis of cancer of the small intestine]. PMID- 6981883 TI - [Evaluation of the concentration of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in trophoblast tissues and in systemic fluids in normal pregnancy]. PMID- 6981882 TI - [Cytogenetic and immunological methods of evaluating the infectious and vaccinal processes in exposure to the mumps virus]. AB - Chromosomal changes in T-lymphocytes of the peripheral blood reflect their participation in immune responses. In particular, the level of the associative index of acrocentric chromosomes (AIAC) depends upon their proliferative activity in response to antigens and migration in the host. The degree of cytogenetic and serological changes in patients with mumps was higher than in children of the other groups examined. A relationship was found between the level of AIAC in T lymphocytes and a rise in the antihemagglutinin titres at the expense of changes in the portion of T-lymphocytes with 0 and 2 chromosomes in associations, some of them being activated with mumps virus antigens. The correlation between AIAC and the lymphocyte blast-transformation reaction to phytohemagglutinins was variable in different groups of children and absent between AIAC and the amount of serum immunologlobulins. In combination with other immunological methods AIAC in T lymphocytes of the blood may be used for characterization of the immune response. PMID- 6981884 TI - [Genetic defects of alpha 1-antitrypsin]. PMID- 6981885 TI - [The child, susceptible to infections]. PMID- 6981886 TI - [Tasks and problems of general medical care from the viewpoint of rheumatology]. PMID- 6981887 TI - [Immunological competence of newborns. Investigations into distribution of different lymphocyte populations and their-function in umbilical blood]. AB - Lymphocyte populations were examined in the umbilical blood of 100 healthy newborns and the findings were compared with those obtained in 50 healthy adult subjects. It was established that there was a lower percentage of T-cells in the umbilical blood (20%) than in the peripheral blood of adults (40%). The proportion of B-cells in the umbilical blood (28%) was higher than in adult blood (15%). The absolute counts of both cell populations were higher in the newborns' blood than in that of the adults. This admits the conclusion that the infant organism is well prepared to counteract immunogenic stimuli in the environment effectively following birth. The results of stimulation of lymphocyte cultures from newborns with mitogens produced generally parallel behavior patterns both for the adult and for the newborn group. However, when the two test groups were compared with each other in respect of the mitogens PHA and ConA, the curve for the newborn group was shifted to the left, toward lower mitogen doses. When assayed with an optimal dose of PWM, the transformation rate in the newborn group was approx. twice as high as that in the adult group. Awareness of these conditions in healthy newborns permits early recognition and timely treatment of disorders of the immune system immediately after birth. PMID- 6981888 TI - [Response of ventricular late potentials after surgical therapy of ventricular tachycardia]. AB - 19 patients with either previously documented sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) (n = 16) or only inducible VT (n = 3, one of whom had recurrent syncope), due to previous myocardial infarction were studied pre- and postoperatively. Mean age was 53 +/- 6 years, 16 were male, 3 female. In all but one, VT could be induced preoperatively by programmed right ventricular stimulation. Late potentials (LP) were recorded at the end of or after the QRS-complex from the body surface using high-gain amplification and the signal averaging technique (RC filter settings 100 to 300 Hz). Indication for surgery was either intractable VT or bypass grafting and/or aneurysmectomy. Preoperatively, mean duration of late potentials was 54 +/- 37.7 ms, mean amplitude was 12 +/- 14.0 mean V. Surgery was guided by epi- and endocardial mapping. In 14 cases endomyocardial encircling ventriculotomy was the main procedure, whereas in 5 patients only aneurysmectomy and bypass grafting were performed. Postoperatively, late potentials were no longer detectable in 12 cases, whereas in 6 of 7 cases there was a decrease in duration, but no essential change in amplitude. A postoperative electrophysiological study was performed in 18 cases. In those 12 patients with abolition of LPs, the maximal number of inducible ventricular echo beats using an extended stimulation program from three right ventricular sites, ranged between 1 and 5 in 9 cases, between 10 and 11 VE in 2 cases, whereas VT was induced in only 1 case. In 6 patients in whom LPs were still detectable, ventricular tachycardia could still be induced in 2 cases and a maximal response of ten echo beats was observed in another patient. Abolition of LP by surgery is closely related to the disappearance of the propensity to stimulus-induced VT. Thus the averaging technique may provide a non-invasive procedure to assess the successful outcome after operation for ventricular tachycardia. If, however, LPs are still present, this does not exclude successful surgical abolition of the propensity to ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6981889 TI - [The skin as a mirror image of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6981890 TI - [Role of virus-induced cell-mediated immune reactions]. PMID- 6981891 TI - [Electron microscopical and immunhistochemical observations of lymphoid giant cells in measles]. PMID- 6981892 TI - Haemophilus influenzae resistant to penicillin in Goroka. PMID- 6981893 TI - [Histological findings in the skin of animals after percutaneous damage by hydrofluoric and hexafluorosilicic acid ]. AB - Morphological changes in the skin of animals were studied after application of concentrated hydrofluoric and hexafluorosilicic acid. The intact skin was not generally affected by these acids. Areas injured before application of the acid showed, however, a continuous spreading of necrosis in the deeper regions. The first histological changes were noticed 1 h after the application. Such early histological findings could be seen long before any macroscopic reaction. The main characteristic findings were the hypocellular necrosis and edema reaching as far as the subcutis. The necrosis showed sharp leukocyte demarcations. PMID- 6981895 TI - [Immunological aspects concerning prophylaxis of surgical postoperative infections]. AB - New immunological aspects have broadened the therapeutic possibilities of treating surgical infections. An insufficient defence mechanism will increase the risk of postoperative infectious complications. The in-vivo-skin test using 3 antigens is apt to control the defense mechanism of a surgical patient. The author emphasizes that anergy mostly depends on the patients age and/or the presence of a malignant tumour. Anergy makes the patient more sensible to infections. PMID- 6981894 TI - Enhanced phagocytic activity of lymph node macrophages after intranodular injection of autologous red blood cells. AB - Rabbits were killed 1 h to 12 days after injection of washed autologous red blood cells (RBC) into the paratracheal cervical lymph nodes. Microscopic, electron microscopic, and histochemical techniques were used to study the time-dependent ingestion and digestion capacity of phagocytes in the lymph nodes. One hour after intranodular injection of RBC, a greater portion of the target cells had already attached to the surface of and were partly ingested by sinusoidal phagocytes in the marginal zone and medulla. After 6 h, degradation of erythrocyte hemoglobin into hemosiderin could be demonstrated in a few of the cells. After 9 days, erythrocytes, erythrophages, and hemosiderophages had disappeared and could no longer be observed in the lymph nodes. Comparative morphological and histochemical studies showed these phagocytes to be macrophages. The possibility of an opsonizing or a humoral factor in lymph serum which stimulates phagocytosis was excluded in in vitro studies (peritoneal macrophages incubated with lymph serum and RBC) and the possibility of phagocytosis induced by a T-cell-macrophage interaction, was excluded in in vivo studies with athymic nude mice. Comparable enhanced phagocytic activity of lymph node macrophages could be observed in vitro after injection of RBC into isolated lymph nodes of rabbits. The finding presented here indicate that marginal zone and medullary macrophages are primarily activated and that they eliminate autologous RBC from the sinuses without any additional stimulus by mechanisms which have not yet been clarified. PMID- 6981896 TI - [The value of endoscopy in acute hemorrhage of the upper gastro intestinal tract]. AB - 1808 esophage-gastro-bulboscopies were performed, in 156 cases (8.0%) because of acute haemorrhage, from 1975 to 1979. In 14 cases (9.0%) no lesion could be detected. In 3 patients (1.9%) an exact localization of the bleeding lesion could not be attained. Gastric and duodenal ulcerations were (57.1%) the most frequent causes of haemorrhage, followed by erosive lesions (12.8%). Multiple bleeding sources were realized in 24 patients (15.4%). At present endoscopy is the initial method for diagnosing the causes of acute bleeding in the upper digestive tract. PMID- 6981897 TI - [Comparative study with 2 new and 8 known nutrient media for cultivation of fastidious and nonfastidious microbial agents from cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids]. AB - Rapid physical, biochemical and immunological methods may be useful in the detection of microbial agents in cerebrospinal fluid and in other body fluids. However, these methods are no substitution for the cultivation of the microbial agents. Microorganisms which are most frequently responsible for meningitis are fastidious in their growth requirements. Their detection with the help of conventional blood culture media which are not supplemented with blood or its components, leads to a high quota of false-negative results. Taking this problem into consideration, the authors developed the following two new media: "MOPS Electrolyte Broth A" for culturing obligate aerobic and facultative anerobic microorganisms, and "MOPS Electrolyte Broth AN" for culturing facultative anaerobic and obligate anaerobic bacteria. Performance tests have been carried out with the two above mentioned media and eight commercially manufactured blood culture media in original bottles. Twenty representative test strains including the most important and fastidious microbial agents of meningitis have been considered in this study. The inoculum size was about 10(2) CFU per culture bottle. The two new media, which were not supplemented with blood or body fluids, proved to be more effective than the conventional blood culture media supplemented with 10% fresh human blood for culturing the considered spectrum of microorganisms. PMID- 6981899 TI - [Experiences with the value of cerebral computer tomography in complex neuroradiologic diagnosis of brain tumors]. AB - The following-up of the course of the disease in the first 1,093 patients examined computer-tomographically at the Neurological Clinic of the Charite Berlin showed cerebral tumours in 197 cases. In 106 patients, CT, PEG and/or angiography was carried out; in 38 cases, the tumour could only be demonstrated by CT. Besides the generally known advantages of CT, further advantages as compared to angiography/PEG were found: uncomplicated direct performance of the examination, with demonstration of all parts of the brain in one examination, the possibility of demonstrating processes at several sites. Processes in the vicinity of the calotte and tumours which had not yet led to a displacement of cerebral structures. PMID- 6981898 TI - [Computer tomographic measuring procedure in generalized brain edema after craniocerebral trauma]. AB - Computer tomography enables for the first time the direct demonstration of the consequences of a craniocerebral trauma. In the computer tomogram, the cerebral oedema is dominating as an area of reduced density (hypodense region). Three different measuring techniques are compared and their application in 43 craniocerebral traumata discussed. Among the measuring methods employed, the area index shows the greatest diagnostic reliability in the computer-tomographic findings of a posttraumatic cerebral oedema. The partial volume analysis without application of a contrast medium is of little use for computer-tomographic clearing of the question of a generalised cerebral oedema after SHT while the density index is only suitable in conjunction with additional parameters. PMID- 6981900 TI - [Indices of cellular and humoral immunity in drug addicts]. PMID- 6981901 TI - Echocardiographic estimation of left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressure in aortic stenosis. PMID- 6981902 TI - A study of the factors influencing the appearance of the Ashman phenomenon. AB - The electrocardiograms of 29 patients with atrial fibrillation and aberrancy (Ashman phenomenon) were studied. The length of the cycles manifesting aberrancy (R-RA) varied from 270 to 520 msec (mean 372 +/- 55). It correlated negatively with the heart rate (r-0.899, p less than 0.001) and for equal heart rates in separate persons it varied with the length of the preceding R-R cycle (p less than 0.01). Above a critical R-RA length of 520 msec and outside an R-R/R-RA ratio range of 1.5-3.6 aberrancy is never observed: this finding is important for the differentiation of aberrancy from ventricular ectopy. PMID- 6981903 TI - Effects of two years' educational intervention on dietary habits, serum cholesterol and blood pressure among 13 to 15 year old adolescents. The North Karelia youth project. AB - A school and community based intervention to influence CVD risk factors and promote health in 13 to 15 year old children was carried out in North Karelia, Finland. The intervention was at two levels: 1) an intensive intervention in two schools and 2) a county-wide intervention in the remaining schools. Three pairs of matched schools were evaluated the two intensive intervention schools, two schools representing the county-wide intervention and two reference county schools. 851 children, their parents and teachers were studied before the intervention (1978) and after the intervention in 1980. The effect of intervention on serum and HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure and dietary habits is reported in this paper. The intervention had effect on fat use in both sexes and on total serum cholesterol in girls. Although there were some reported changes in the salt consumption in the desired direction these had no effect on blood pressure levels. PMID- 6981904 TI - Usefulness of myoglobin radioimmunoassay determintion in CCU. AB - In 112 patients with an acute coronary event, admitted to the CCU of Assaf Harofeh Hospital, myoglobin radioimmunoassay was determined at 0 (time of admission), 12 and 24 hours. In 77 patients with acute myocardial infarction (M.I.) (64 patients with acute transmural and 13 with acute subendocardial M.I.), the myoglobin values were significantly increased. Appearing in blood 3-4 hours after the onset of chest pains, myoglobin represents the earliest marker of acute M.I. known until know. In 12 of 23 cases diagnosed at first as acute coronary insufficiency according to clinical, biological and E.C.G. criteria, significantly increased values of myoglobin were found, as an expression of micro necroses which were not detected by conventional methods (SGOT, CPK, LDH). This finding has important practical, prognostic and therapeutical implications, showing that myoglobin radioimmunoassay may detect myocardial micronecroses which are not discovered by usual methods. Myoglobin radioimmunoassay assessment offers a valuable indication of necrosis extent. Values above 800 ng/ml were accompanied in 65% of our cases with symptoms and signs of left heart failure, the highest values of myoglobin being found in extensive anterior M.I. associated with acute pulmonary edema. In 9 non cardiac patients with repeated intra-muscular injections with antibotics, the myoglobin was at the upper normal limit, demonstrating that intra-muscular injections, at least with antibiotics, have no influence on myoglobin values. From our experience it appears that the myoglobin radioimmunoassay determination is a useful tool for the early establishment of M.I. diagnosis and the assessment of myocardial necrosis extent. PMID- 6981906 TI - Development of aortic stenosis in a patient with formerly pure aortic incompetence. AB - A 42 year old man with severe aortic incompetence and hypertension, but no aortic stenosis, responded so well to medical treatment that the planned operative treatment was postponed. 8 years later he was re-admitted with severe aortic stenosis and only minimal aortic incompetence. It is concluded, that a short trail of medical treatment may be warranted even in patients with severe aortic incompetence, before surgery is performed, especially if the patient is hypertensive. PMID- 6981905 TI - Contrasting effects of verapamil and procainamide on intraventricular conduction and reentry within the His-Purkinje system in man. AB - The effects of intravenous verapamil (0.15 mg/kg) and procainamide (12-14 mg/kg) on intraventricular conduction and reentry within the His-Purkinje system were studied in eighteen patients using His bundle electrograms and ventricular extrastimulus method. Verapamil's effects were studied in eight patients and procainamide's effects in ten patients. Plasma verapamil concentrations ranged from 56 to 192 ng/ml (mean +/- SD: 139.0 +/- 46.0); plasma procainamide concentrations ranged from 11.3 to 19.0 mg/liter (mean +/- SD: 14.9 +/- 2.5). Verapamil caused no change in latency, intramyocardial conduction (duration of QRS complex), and His-Purkinje (V2H2 interval) conduction of even the earliest premature impulses introduced before the completion of repolarization of the His Purkinje system and the ventricular myocardium, i.e. when some fibers were presumably at the level of membrane potential at which conduction becomes, wholly or in part, dependent on slow inward calcium current. Verapamil did not abolish or modify the zone of reentry, and did not significantly change the determinants of reentry in any of the eight patients. In contrast, procainamide significantly prolonged the latency, the duration of QRS complex and the V2H2 interval in each of the ten patients, abolished reentry in seven patients, and decreased the width of reentry zone in three patients. The contrasting effects of verapamil and procainamide on intraventricular conduction and reentry within the His-Purkinje system suggest that slow conduction of early premature impulses is due to an incompletely reactivated rapid inward sodium current and not to a fully activated slow inward calcium current. Further, our observations suggest that the system responsible for slow conduction cannot be recognized from the magnitude of conduction delay. PMID- 6981907 TI - Immunological aberration in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Altered immunological reactivity in primary hyperparathyroidism is suggested by the strong association between this disorder and malignancy. The present study was carried out to determine whether altered lymphocyte proliferation in response to common mitogens (PHA, Con-A, PWM) exists in primary hyperparathyroidism, and, if so, whether the abnormality resides in the lymphocytes or in humoral factors present in the plasma of patients with hyperparathyroidism. Ficoll-Hypaque purified lymphocytes from 6 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and 4 normal volunteers were stimulated with PHA, Con-A and PWM in the presence of plasma from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and normal AB+ plasma. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine in unstimulated (control) and stimulated cultures was determined. The results demonstrate that lymphocyte proliferation was significantly higher when both patients' and normal lymphocytes were stimulated with mitogens in the presence of patients' plasma. These findings suggest that plasma from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism contains a potentiator of lymphocyte mitogenesis, or, alternatively lacks an inhibitor of lymphocyte activation that is present in normal plasma. PMID- 6981909 TI - [Treatment of stress-hemorrhages of the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 6981908 TI - [Upper digestive tract bleeding and stress]. PMID- 6981910 TI - [Laser photocoagulation in severe hemorrhages of the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 6981911 TI - [Anti-inflammatory drugs and digestive bleeding. Natural history and diagnosis]. PMID- 6981912 TI - Reversal of procaine conduction blockade by adenine nucleotides in vivo and in vitro. AB - The effect of the adenine nucleotides on procaine-induced conduction block in rats was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Both adenine and cyclic nucleotides significantly shortened the duration of sciatic nerve blocks in rats without affecting the frequency, degree of block or time of onset. Adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) and N6, O2' dibutyryl 3':5'-monophosphate (db-cyclic AMP) were most effective. In isolated sciatic nerve preparations, the adenine nucleotides (ATP, adenosine 5'diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5'monophosphate (AMP)) rapidly reversed procaine-induced depression of the action potential. These results suggest that local anesthetic effects may be mediated through interference with the physiological functions of the nucleotides. PMID- 6981913 TI - Is prevention of hypertension after open heart surgery possible by blocking 5HT2 receptors with ketanserin? AB - Eleven patients undergoing coronary or aortic valve surgery received ketanserin (3 X 10 mg i.v.). When surgery was finished hemodynamic measurements were performed prior to and after cessation of nitrous oxide. The results were compared with those of a control group (n = 30), reported in a previous study. At the end of operation the ketanserin treated patients had significantly lower heart rate (84 +/- 16 vs. 96 +/- 14 min-1; Mean +/- S.D.), lower mean arterial pressure (75 +/- 12 vs. 84 +/- 10 mmHg) and higher skin temperature (31.9 +/- 1.3 vs. 27.7 +/- 2.3 degrees C). However, postoperative hypertension after the withdrawal of nitrous oxide was not prevented: similarly as in the control group blood pressure rose and systemic vascular resistance increased. As the last dose of ketanserin was given 60 minutes before the end of anesthesia it is likely that the effect of ketanserin had already worn off. PMID- 6981914 TI - Cytofluorescence localization of adriamycin in the nervous system. II. Distribution of the drug in the somatic and autonomic peripheral nervous systems of normal adult mice after intravenous injection. AB - By a fluorescence-microscopic technique, the distribution of the antineoplastic glycoside adriamycin (doxorubicin) was studied in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of normal adult mice after i.v. injection. Doses comparable to those used in patients for treatment of malignant diseases were used. The orange-red fluorescence of the drug was observed in dorsal root ganglia, in the trigeminal ganglia, and in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia where it was preferentially accumulated in the nuclei of satellite cells. This nuclear labeling was a very quick process which occurred in the superior cervical ganglion within 15 s after the injection. Adriamycin-fluorescent nuclei were also observed in the suprarenal medulla. Fluorescent nuclei were present within the pre- and postganglionic sympathetic nerve trunks close to the superior cervical ganglion but not in the endoneurium of the trigeminal and the sciatic nerves or in the spinal nerve roots. In such structures labeled cells appeared in the connective tissue sheaths covering the nerves and the roots. No adriamycin induced fluorescence was detected in the myenteric plexus of the intestine. Our study thus shows that i.v. injected adriamycin is distributed preferentially within areas of the PNS where the blood vessels are known to be highly permeable. PMID- 6981916 TI - Risk of beta-receptor agonists delaying diagnosis of abruptio placentae. PMID- 6981915 TI - Experimental hematogenic metastases of malignant schwannoma in the rat. AB - To study development, growth patterns and morphology of metastatic schwannomas in an animal model, adult Lewis rats were injected intravenously with tissue culture cells derived from a malignant schwannoma induced in a female LEW/mai rat by transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea (ENU). Groups of animals received a single injection of 0.1 x 10(5); 0.5 x 10(5); 1.0 x 10(5); 5.0 x 10(5); 10 x 10(5) or 100 x 10(5) cells via the femoral vein. The injections resulted in the development of metastatic tumors, primarily involving the lung in all animals. Lung metastases were observed in the form of microscopic and macroscopic peripheral subpleural tumors, central peribronchial and perivascular tumors, parenchymal tumors, diffuse intraalveolar infiltrates and intravascular tumor emboli which were growing. Animals receiving high dosages had a greater variety of forms of the metastatic growth in the lungs than those given low dosages. The animals which received the highest dose had the greatest degree of total lung tumor burden. In 36 of the 60 animals injected, metastatic tumors also developed in the pericardium. Thirteen animals developed metastatic tumors in the kidney, heart, ovary, adrenal, intestine or skeletal muscles. As the cell dosages were increased, more organs became involved, but no tumors developed in the brain. PMID- 6981917 TI - Acoustic and vestibular efferent neurons in the chicken (Gallus domesticus). A horseradish peroxidase study. AB - The origin of labyrinthine efferent fibres was investigated in the chicken. After injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the cochlear duct or into the ampulla of the horizontal semicircular canal, efferent neurons in the medulla oblongata were labelled by the granular reaction product of retrogradely transported HRP. Efferent vestibular neurons were found in the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis bilaterally with more cells ipsilateral to the injection side, while efferent cochlear neurons could be demonstrated medial to the ventral division of the facial nucleus bilaterally with more neurons contralateral to the injection. PMID- 6981918 TI - Cervico-vestibular and visuo-vestibular interaction. Self-motion perception, nystagmus, and gaze shift. AB - In 8 healthy subjects we studied self-motion perception and nystagmus due to sinusoidal stimulation (amplitude 90 degrees peak to peak, frequency 0.05 Hz) of the horizontal semicircular canals, the cervical proprioceptors, and the retina. We used an electrically driven rotatory chair and optokinetic drum combination. For cervical stimulation the subject's head was placed in a clamp, attached to the drum. Eye movements were recorded by means of electrooculography, d.c. amplification. Subjects signalled the estimated head position by means of a 'joystick'. In the present series of experiments the vestibular and cervical informations were played off against each other in combined stimulation conditions with an interstimulus phase lag of 0 to 315 degrees, in steps of 45 degrees. Similarly, the vestibular and visual informations were played off against each other. Concerning estimated head position, our main finding is that both the visually and the cervically induced illusion of head rotation overrule the vestibular sensation of head motion. The ocular response to combined vestibular plus cervical stimulation shows that both nystagmus slow phases and saccades of the cervical and the vestibular responses add up by vectorial summation. PMID- 6981920 TI - Turnover of bacteriuria in old age. AB - Among 352 residents of a home for the elderly, who were fully mobile and devoid of most predisposing factors for bacteriuria, 19% of men and 27% of women had two positive cultures within two months. Positive conversion at one year among men and women negative at entry was 11% and 23% respectively, negative conversion of bacteriurics 22% and 27%. Subjects bacteriuric at entry but sterile at six months had a 77% (men) and 44% (women) reinfection rate at 12 months. The data indicate firstly that a significant proneness to infection does exist in old age, coupled with a lesser trend toward spontaneous cure; the latter is equal to that of younger ages. Thus, prevalence rises steadily in old age. Secondly a previous history of bacteriuria in a subject with currently sterile urine increases his chances of reinfection or recurrence two to seven times compared to those of subjects without past infection. PMID- 6981919 TI - The effect of ibuprofen therapy on water and electrolyte balance. PMID- 6981921 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men. AB - The clinical records and radiographs of 12 homosexual men with symptomatic biopsy proved Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia were reviewed. At presentation, the most common radiographic finding in the chest was a diffuse, coarse, ground-glass pattern. Normal findings on chest radiographs or only minimal abnormalities did not preclude P. carinii pneumonia. Progression of the radiographic findings varied. Rapid development of diffuse consolidation in 2--5 days occurred most commonly. Thoracic lymphadenopathy and pleural effusions were each seen in two patients. Clearing of the lungs often took many weeks. Six of the 12 patients died in 2 weeks to 8 months. In the appropriate clinical setting, early transbronchial biopsy should be strongly advocated to ensure initiation of suitable antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 6981924 TI - Alimentary tract involvement in Kaposi sarcoma: radiographic and endoscopic findings in 25 homosexual men. AB - An outbreak of Kaposi sarcoma has recently occurred among young homosexual men. It differs from the classic form in its virulence and preponderance of systemic manifestations. Twenty-five homosexual men with a mean age of 37 and biopsy proven Kaposi sarcoma received extensive gastrointestinal evaluations. Twelve patients (48%) had evidence of gastrointestinal involvement by radiography and/or endoscopy. Lesions were found in the larynx, oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and colon. Radiographically they ranged from minimally elevated submucosal lesions, some with central ulceration, to polypoid defects. Abdominal CT was obtained in 18 patients, 11 of whom showed abnormalities. Of those with abnormal CT, 50% had retroperitoneal adenopathy. The gastrointestinal radiographic findings with endoscopic correlation in this unusual group of patients is discussed. PMID- 6981923 TI - Pulmonary features of Kaposi sarcoma. PMID- 6981922 TI - Radiographic patterns of opportunistic lung infections and Kaposi sarcoma in homosexual men. AB - Thirty patients with lung involvement with Pneumocystis carinii and other opportunistic organisms, many of whom also had Kaposi sarcoma, were seen from December 1980 through March 1982. Clinical manifestations consisted of a prodrome of weeks to months with weight loss, fever, and malaise. When clinical pneumonia became apparent, four distinct radiographic patterns were identified. Pneumocystis carinii was uniformly present, and the most common pattern encountered was a relatively symmetric, homogeneous perihilar pneumonia that progressed to diffuse consolidation. Asymmetric and focal infiltrates were seen in patients who proved to have concomitant opportunistic infection, most commonly fungal in all but two cases. A third pattern of nodular and linear densities with or without adenopathy was seen in patients without pneumonia who had biopsy positive Kaposi sarcoma involving the lung parenchyma. A fourth pattern represented a combination of any of the first three, and these patients had multiple infections as well as Kaposi sarcoma in the lung. Any significant change in the radiograph indicating progression of disease while on therapy prompted a rebiopsy, and in five of 10 patients other infections and/or Kaposi sarcoma were identified. PMID- 6981926 TI - Use of pulmonary angiography for suspected pulmonary embolism: influence of scintigraphic diagnosis. AB - The use of pulmonary angiography as related to ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy was studied at two teaching hospitals in 600 patients clinically suspected of having pulmonary embolism, using a combined prospective-retrospective approach. Sixty patients underwent angiography, 30 in each institution. A minority of patients in each scintigraphic diagnostic category underwent angiography, but the scintigraphic diagnosis had a major impact on the frequency of requests for angiography. Inconclusive scintigraphy was the principal reason for requesting angiography, although nearly half of patients in whom scintigraphic assessment was indecisive were managed without further diagnostic measures. Few patients in the low-probability and high-probability scintigraphic categories received angiography. This study also indicates that a substantial patient selection bias may exist in series that correlate scintigraphic and angiographic results. PMID- 6981925 TI - Radiographic findings of infectious proctitis in homosexual men. AB - Homosexual men are known to have an increased incidence of sexually transmitted proctitis. A knowledge of the pathogenesis and the radiographic appearance of these processes has resulted in earlier diagnosis and more rapid institution of appropriate therapy. While gonococcus (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and lymphogranuloma venereum (usually Chlamydia) have long been considered the common etiologies of proctitis in this population, other organisms, such as herpes, Mycoplasma, and Entamoeba have been implicated and could give an identical radiographic and clinical pattern. Diffuse narrowing and ulceration limited to the rectum was seen in five affected homosexual men recently studied at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago. PMID- 6981927 TI - Steroid-induced thoracic lipomatosis: paraspinal involvement. AB - Fat deposition of masslike proportion in the thoracic paraspinal area due to elevation of corticosteroids has not been well documented. Three cases are reported that demonstrate lower thoracic paraspinal widening on routine radiographs, subsequently proven to be fat by computed tomography. All three patients were cushingoid. Computed tomography offered a convenient way to document fat accumulation in an unusual location when other more serious processes were being considered. PMID- 6981928 TI - Glycogenic acanthosis of the esophagus. AB - A nodular appearance of the esophageal mucosa was observed in 28.3% of 300 consecutive double-contrast esophagrams. This most commonly appeared as numerous uniformly sized, usually less than 3 mm, subtle, round elevations involving the entire esophageal surface. When carefully performed, endoscopy will almost always confirm these findings. Endoscopic biopsies performed in 10 patients demonstrated the nodules to represent glycogenic acanthosis--a combination of cellular hyperplasia and increased cellular glycogen. The radiographic appearance of these nodules, while usually characteristic, may vary and they may simulate pathologic processes, particularly moniliasis. Distinction can usually be made by clinical and radiologic criteria. Although the etiology is unknown, this seems to be of no clinical significance. PMID- 6981929 TI - Metrizamide in neonatal and childhood small bowel obstruction. AB - Metrizamide (Amipaque) has been used to image the bowel of four neonates and one older child with possible bowel obstruction. In each case, barium and hypertonic water-soluble agents, such as Gastrografin and Hypaque, were contraindicated. In each case, the metrizamide study provided unique formation altering the management of the patient. Metrizamide provides a new method of evaluating selected difficult cases of suspected bowel obstruction in the newborn, and in older children it may help to distinguish between postoperative ileus and mechanical obstruction. PMID- 6981931 TI - Computed tomography in hepatic echinococcosis. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate 50 cases of hydatid disease of the liver. It was definite in 49 cases and negative in one case. Pre- and postcontrast scans were performed. CT may reveal the exact location and extension of cysts and possible complications. However, a false-negative case was found in a hydatid cyst located in a fatty liver. PMID- 6981930 TI - Barium enema after colorectal biopsies: experimental data. AB - The appropriate interval between a colorectal biopsy and a barium enema is controversial. Superficial and deep biopsies, above and below the peritoneal reflection, were performed on 12 dogs. Six control dogs did not have a barium enema. Six study dogs had a barium enema at different postbiopsy time intervals: immediately, 3 days, and 6 days. After superficial biopsies, there was no barium extravasation in any study animal. Histological examination, 48 hr after enema, showed complete epithelialization of all superficial sites on both study and control dogs. When the barium enema was done after a deep biopsy, there was intramural extravasation of barium immediately after biopsy but not after 3 or 6 days. Focal ulcerations were seen microscopically at sites of deep biopsies when the barium enema was performed immediately and 3 days after the diagnostic procedure. All deep biopsy sites were reepithelialized in 6 days. There was no evidence of intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal perforation and no difference in healing of biopsy sites in subjects and control animals. This study in dogs suggests that a barium enema may be performed without hazard immediately after a superficial biopsy of nondiseased colon and 6 days after a deep biopsy. PMID- 6981932 TI - Collateral channels and histopathology in hepatic vein occlusion. AB - Hepatic arteriography, venography, and histopathology were reviewed in 20 patients with hepatic venous occlusion. The hepatic histologic materials (14 patients) were carefully examined in retrospect and correlated with the angiographic findings. Hepatic arteriographic findings were usually nonspecific but revealed neoplasms in all six patients studied and collaterals in four. Collateral channels that were recognized angiographically in 15 patients were extrahepatic, intrahepatic-interlobar, and indeterminate. The intrahepatic type was found in the partial Budd-Chiari syndrome, whereas other patterns were present in both diffuse and localized forms of hepatic venous occlusive disease. Histologically, the centrilobular sinusoids were congested and distorted in association with parenchymal destruction and compression. Hepatic venography correlated poorly with histopathologic findings. PMID- 6981933 TI - Sonography of tumefactive biliary sludge. AB - Five patients with low-amplitude echoes taking the shape of a mass within the lumen of their gallbladders are reported. Disappearance of the mass on repeat examination in four cases and surgical proof in the fifth case established that the finding was a pseudotumor due to a collection of sludge. Knowledge of this tumefactive appearance of biliary sludge is important and should help avoid misinterpretation. PMID- 6981934 TI - Nephrostolithotomy: percutaneous techniques for urinary calculus removal. AB - Recently the technique of percutaneous nephrostomy has been modified to allow the percutaneous extraction of urinary calculi. This communication describes experience with the percutaneous extraction of 63 calculi from the urinary tract. An overall success rate of 87%, a low incidence of complications (about 3%), a fast recovery, and sooner return to work are obtained. Several technical variants including grasping, fragmentation, flushing, and removal under direct vision have been used. In most cases, a combination of the different techniques has to be used in one patient. Essential to the technique is the introduction of large dilators into the kidney. PMID- 6981935 TI - Intraoperative sonography for brain tumor localization and ventricular shunt placement. AB - Intraoperative sonography using portable real-time equipment at the dural or brain surface in 16 patients provided accurate localization of a variety of brain lesions for direct dissectional or needle aspiration biopsies as well as for decompression of cysts. The technique has proven to be reliable and rapid, reducing brain exploration in the search for small or poorly accessible lesions and eliminating complex stereotactic procedures. Ventricular shunt catheter placement was also monitored intraoperatively in two infants. PMID- 6981937 TI - Multiimage formatting: effect on scintillation image quality. AB - Multiimage formatters designed for use with scintillation cameras allow convenient presentation of as many as 90 images on a single film. Three different multiimagers (Searle Microdot 3132, Toshiba Gamma Imager GMI-04A, and Matrix Multi-imager 4) were evaluated with phantoms. Image quality was not equivalent in all positions on the resultant film, and was unacceptable in some cases. Individual laboratories should be aware of the potential loss of diagnostic information when using multiimage formatters and should evaluate their devices for this potential problem. PMID- 6981936 TI - Computed tomographic anatomy of the temporal bone. AB - With the recent development of high-resolution computed tomography (CT), there is a growing need to explore the full potential of this new method in demonstrating the detailed anatomy of the temporal bone. For this purpose, dry skulls with intact ossicles were scanned in axial and coronal projections. The detailed CT anatomy of the temporal bone was documented, complemented by images from live patients. Because of its superior contrast resolution, CT was able to demonstrate numerous structures, such as the tympanic membrane, ossicles, and supporting structures, hitherto never or poorly visualized by any other method. In addition, the ease by which axial sections of the temporal bone could be obtained is of great benefit in displaying several structures previously difficult to evaluate. PMID- 6981938 TI - Altered 67Ga citrate distribution in patients with multiple red blood cell transfusions. AB - Gallium-67 citrate studies from four patients who received multiple red blood cell transfusions were reviewed. Increased kidney, bladder, or bone localization was associated with decreased liver and colon activity. The findings suggest altered distribution due to competition with iron for receptor binding. Identification of inflammatory disease in two patients was possible. However, the effect of transfusions on detection of inflammatory or neoplastic diseases requires further evaluation. PMID- 6981941 TI - Intramedullary extension of a soft-tissue neoplasm. PMID- 6981939 TI - Tumor location and detectability in mammographic screening. AB - The adequacy of a film mammogram that does not visualize the retromammary space or ribs has concerned radiologists. The 79 prevalent cancers detected in the 10,000 self-referred woman at the University of Michigan Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project were analyzed for number of films required to detect the cancer, relationship of the cancer to the posterior edge of the film, number of occult lesions, tumor size, histologic type, sensitivity of detection method, and number of interval carcinomas. The mammograms were obtained using a dedicated mammographic machine and the upright position, with visualization of the anterior axillary fold on the mediolateral view. The ribs were not imaged. Of the 79 cancers, 76 were detectable on the mammogram. All were visualized on the mediolateral view, while three were not imaged on the craniocaudal view. Twelve percent of the cancers were within 1 cm of the posterior edge of the film. Only six "interval" carcinomas were found in the 10,000 patients within the year of the initial examinations; these women had dense P2 or DY mammographic parenchymal patterns. The detected cancers were smaller and had a significantly higher percentage of noninvasive cancers than in a symptomatic clinical population. Thus, properly exposed film mammograms using vigorous breast compression examine the breast adequately without visualizing the ribs. PMID- 6981940 TI - New equipment considerations for angiograhic laboratories. AB - The modern angiographic laboratory should be equipped to perform peripheral, visceral, and interventional procedures. Biplane, magnification, multiangulation, and spot filming capabilities are all desirable. Power requirements have decreased in recent years as a result of the introduction of rare earth screen film systems and the incorporation of carbon fiber into tabletops and film changer faceplates. As a result, generators with lower power outputs and x-ray tubes with smaller focal spots can be used. Multiangulation rotational mounting units have been developed in recent years by the major equipment manufacturers; these units have major advantages over older ones, but their designs incorporate certain drawbacks with which angiographers should be familiar. PMID- 6981942 TI - Desquamated gallbladder mucosa: unusual sign of cholecystitis. PMID- 6981944 TI - Arteriography in the localization of massive pleural tumors. PMID- 6981943 TI - Renal artery compression by an aortic aneurysm: an unusual cause of hypertension. PMID- 6981945 TI - Traumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm simulating pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6981946 TI - Sarcoidosis: a cause of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy after treatment of testicular carcinoma. PMID- 6981947 TI - Blastomycosis of the breast. PMID- 6981948 TI - A technique for reforming the Simmons curved cerebral catheters. PMID- 6981949 TI - Percutaneous antecubital vein approach for hepatic and renal vein catheterization. PMID- 6981950 TI - The endocatheter ruler: a useful new device. PMID- 6981951 TI - Simple method for obtaining monochromatic slides of radiographs using color film. PMID- 6981952 TI - CT vs. iodine scanning in diagnosis of mediastinal thyroid. PMID- 6981953 TI - Single- vs. double-contrast GI studies: more discussion. PMID- 6981954 TI - Nothing glitters in the dark. PMID- 6981955 TI - Extramedullary hematopoiesis. PMID- 6981956 TI - Aggressive mammographic screening. PMID- 6981957 TI - Percutaneous aspiration of retropharyngeal space in neonates. PMID- 6981958 TI - Actinomycosis involving the chest wall: CT findings. PMID- 6981959 TI - The Hufnagel valve: a forgotten entity. PMID- 6981960 TI - Portal-systemic encephalopathy due to a congenital portocaval shunt. PMID- 6981961 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis: sonographic demonstration of bile duct wall thickening. PMID- 6981962 TI - A potential mechanism of arterial spasm. PMID- 6981963 TI - Biased Case of the Day. PMID- 6981964 TI - Careful thinking. PMID- 6981965 TI - Evaluation of 12 colon-cleansing regimens with single-contrast barium enema. AB - In a study of patient preparation for barium enemas, 1,435 patients were examined at six different institutions with 12 different preparation protocols. There were 2,870 films evaluated a total of 7,839 times by seven different radiologists who were blind to both the institution and the preparations used. The statistical design, randomization, and analysis of the data obtained was performed by one of the authors, a statistician, and the following conclusions were made: Dulcolax (bisacodyl) plus 2 L tapwater enema is better than all the other protocols in all parts of the colon for both genders and all ages. Dulcolax or castor oil or X Prep, each with 2 L water enema, are logically similar and better than the other protocols. Water enema only or castor oil only are the least effective protocols. PMID- 6981966 TI - CT of abdominal tuberculosis. AB - Intraabdominal tuberculosis (TB) presents with a wide variety of clinical and radiologic features. Besides the reported computed tomographic (CT) finding of high-density ascites in tuberculous peritonitis, this report describes additional CT features highly suggestive of abdominal tuberculosis in eight cases: (1)irregular soft-tissue densities in the omental area; (2) low-density masses surrounded by thick solid rims; (3) a disorganized appearance of soft-tissue densities, fluid, and bowel loops forming a disorganized appearance of soft tissue densities, fluid, and bowel loops forming a poorly defined mass; (4) low density lymph nodes with a multilocular appearance after intravenous contrast administration; and (5) possibly high-density ascites. The differential diagnosis of these features include lymphoma, various forms of peritonitis, peritoneal carcinomatosis, and peritoneal mesothelioma. It is important that the CT features of intraabdominal tuberculosis be recognized in order that laparotomy be avoided and less invasive procedures (e.g., laparoscopy, biopsy, or a trail of antituberculous therapy) be instituted. PMID- 6981967 TI - Recognition of bicuspid aortic valve by plain film calcification. AB - Differentiation of bicuspid aortic valve from other causes of calcific aortic stenosis is not possible by echocardiography or, in many cases, by aortography. This report describes newly recognized patterns of calcification on plain films that are diagnostic for a bicuspid aortic valve. These are based on identification of the calcified raphe and/or the calcified conjoint leaflet. In 120 patients who underwent surgical repair of calcific aortic stenosis, 40 were found to have bicuspid valve. Examination of the plain films retrospectively allowed a correct recognition of 26 (65%) of these valves. In contrast, only 10 (25%) could be recognized by aortography. Patterns of calcification on plain films represent an important tool for detection of calcified cogenital bicuspid aortic valve. PMID- 6981968 TI - Pulmonary vascular nodules: new sign of left lower lobe collapse in children. AB - Left lower lobe collapse can be suspected in children on a frontal chest film when three or more peripheral left upper lobe vessels are seen end-on along the left heart border. The peripheral vascular changes are mainly due to the backward and downward displacement of the hilus. This "vascular nodule sign" was evident in 25 (70%) of 36 cases of left lower lobe collapse. Its frequency in normals is less than 10% and may be accounted for by lordotic projection. Although not entirely specific, this sign, easily noticeable even on an underexposed film, should raise the possibility of left lower lobe collapse. PMID- 6981969 TI - Normal tracheal bifurcation angle: a reassessment. AB - The tracheal bifurcation angle was measured in 100 normal adult patients. A wide range of normal values was found. There was no relation of the bifurcation angle to age or gender. There was only a weak correlation between bifurcation angle and height or width or the thorax. Thus, absolute measurements of the tracheal bifurcation angles are of little diagnostic value. In addition, when the angle was measured on two successive films, large changes (greater than 20%) were noted about 20% of patients. PMID- 6981970 TI - Widening of the subcarinal angle by pericardial effusion. AB - The subcarinal angle and transverse diameter of the cardiopericardial silhouette were measured on inspiratory posteroanterior radiographs of 54 patients (average age, 43.1 years) with pericardial effusion. The subcarinal angle was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) during effusion (81.0 degrees, n = 54) than either before (62.3 degrees, n = 14) or after (56.7 degrees, n = 21) effusion. A significant (p less than 0.05) positive correlation (r = 0.60, n = 118) was found between the magnitude of the subcarinal angle and the transverse diameter. This suggested that pericardial fluid accumulation displaces the heart and, in turn, splays the main bronchi. When pericardial fluid is not suspected clinically, a widened subcarinal angle, without other evidence of left atrial enlargement, may be a clue suggesting pericardial effusion. PMID- 6981971 TI - Lung CT for detection of metastases: solid tissue neoplasms in children. AB - The results of 73 computed tomographic studies of lung and pleura in 52 children with solid-tissue tumors have been analyzed. In nine children computed tomography provided information not evident by chest radiograph or whole lung tomography. In four of these cases computed tomography demonstrated lung nodules not seen on chest radiography or whole lung tomography; in another four cases it revealed pleural involvement with tumor; and in one case it revealed calcium in a nodule. In two children computed tomography missed lung mestastases seen by lung tomography and chest radiography. PMID- 6981972 TI - Pleural effusion: explanation of some typical appearances. PMID- 6981973 TI - Clinical experience with a prototype real-time dedicated breast scanner. AB - The evaluation of 1,003 sonomammographic examinations on a predominantly symptomatic population using a prototype real-time dedicated breast scanner is presented. Interpretations were initially made by one of four experienced radiologists without knowledge of clinical data (i.e., symptoms, age, physical findings, or other imaging modality interpretations). A second interpretation was subsequently made with this information. Pathologic confirmation was available on 262 lesions, including 71 carcinomas and 191 benign biopsies. Of the carcinomas, 19 were smaller than 2.0 cm in diameter. The sensitivity of sonographic detection of breast cancer on initial readings was 0.76 and on second readings with clinical data was 0.85. The specificity for a benign reading on sonography was 0.80 on initial interpretation and 0.81 on the second interpretation. PMID- 6981974 TI - Mammographic detectability of breast microcalcifications. AB - Controlled in vitro studies of breast microcalcification detectability were done comparing a wide variety of standard and state-of-the-art mammography techniques (conventional and microfocal spot x-ray tubes, screen-film and xeroradiographic recording systems, contact and magnification techniques). Results confirmed previous observations that geometric unsharpness is the limiting factor in microcalcification detectability for most conventional mammography systems. Results also indicated superior microcalcification detection for: xeroradiographic over screen-film recording systems, positive-mode over negative mode xeroradiography, microfocal spot contact over conventional contact techniques, and microfocal spot magnification over all contact techniques. No differences were found between a standard screen-film technique and a screen-film technique requiring about one-half the radiation exposure. On the other hand, although there was no differences between standard xeroradiography and a modest added-filtration (reduced-dose) xeroradiographic technique, standard xeroradiography demonstrated superior microcalcification detection over a reduced dose technique that used large amounts of added beam filtration. The clinical applicability of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6981975 TI - Mortality during excretory urography: Mayo Clinic experience. AB - In a series of 300,000 consecutive patients who underwent excretory urography between January 1, 1964 and January 5, 1982, four deaths were recorded (a mortality rate of 1.3:100,000). All four patients who died were 50 years of age or older, all had a history of some type of hypersensitivity, all had a respiratory component to the reaction, all received a 1 ml test dose and had no reaction, and none had received a prior injection of contrast medium. The mortality rate in this series (1:75,000) is significantly lower than recently reported rates from multiinstitutional studies and is similar to the mortality rate resulting from the parenteral administration of penicillin. Differences in reported series may relate to methods of data collection, variations in patient population, and therapeutic management. PMID- 6981976 TI - Uroradiographic dosimetry using a rare-earth screen-film system. AB - Radiation dose was recorded for 68 patients undergoing urography with nephrotomography using rare-earth screen-film combinations. Correlation of patient data with both Alderson and Presswood phantoms (10-30 cm) was obtained. Doses were calculated on the basis of an 11-exposure urogram. The patient population thickness was 15-31 cm. Surface doses were 1.58 rad (15.8 mGy) to 45.7 rad (457 mGy). Average dose at beam center varied from 1.15 rad (11.5 mGy) to 7.01 rad (70.1 mGy). Average dose to the following organs was calculated using the 21 cm phantom: left kidney-0.453 rad (4.53 mGy); right kidney-0.446 rad (4.46 mGy); ovary-0.109 rad (1.09 mGy); breast-0.040 rad (0.40 mGy); and thyroid-0.02 rad (0.20 mGy). PMID- 6981978 TI - The abortive calix: variations in appearance and differential diagnosis. PMID- 6981977 TI - Urography with metrizamide in children. AB - Noionic contrast material could have particular value in pediatric urography because of the absence of osmotic diuresis and associated fluid loss. Excretory urograms were obtained in 23 children using metrizamide at 300 mg l/ml and administered at a dose of 2.2 ml/kg. The radiographs gave excellent urinary tract opacification without changes in serum osmolality. The calyces appeared sharp but undistended, there was increased occurrence of ureteral ridging, and the urinary bladders often remained undistended at the completion of the studied. The dense opacification attainable with isoosmolar metrizamide also gave the opportunity for performing urography with higher than normal kilovoltage and thus reducing radiation exposure to the child. Also in vitro studies demonstrated the significant radiation dose reduction possible with the higher kilovoltage technique. PMID- 6981979 TI - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. AB - Three hundred fifty-three previously reported cases of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva were reviewed and six new cases were analyzed radiologically. Characteristic findings of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva were confirmed and radiographic signs of the disease were demonstrated, including medial cortical thickening of the proximal tibia, narrow lumbar spinal canal, accessory epiphysis of the second phalanx of the fifth finger, and decreased humeral/epicondylar angle. PMID- 6981980 TI - Computed tomography of fibrous dysplasia. AB - Skeletal fibrous dysplasia produces changes that are usually readily recognized on plain radiographs. Occasionally, routine radiography may not demonstrate the characteristic appearance of the disease. The density of abnormal bone in craniofacial fibrous dysplasia may preclude adequate assessment of areas where soft-tissue impingement may occur. Computed tomography (CT) is useful in demonstrating the amorphous "ground-glass" texture of the lesion and in defining the extent of craniofacial disease including impingement upon orbital structures. CT was useful in five patients with fibrous dysplasia in whom the nature or extent of involvement was not entirely clear. PMID- 6981981 TI - Static and real-time B-mode sonography of arterial occlusions. AB - Static and real-time sonography can be used to confirm the clinical diagnosis of arterial occlusion. When occluded, both native arteries and grafts showed three sonographically detectable patterns. More often (18/23), the vessel or graft has a normal B-mode appearance but does not pulsate on real-time examination. Less often (4/23), there is no detectable vascular channel. In one instance, using a 10 MHz transducer, the occluding thrombus was demonstrated. Real-time imaging is an important tool in the examination of patients with vascular disease and can distinguish the normal-appearing but occluded artery seen on static examination from the patent, pulsatile one. PMID- 6981982 TI - Intravenous echoes due to laminar flow: experimental observations. AB - Flowing "particles" have been observed within abdominal veins using high resolution real-time scanners. Experimental models in which fluids of different composition were infused into each other show strong echoes corresponding with visual laminations before complete admixture has occurred. Interfaces between different fluids within the physiologic range seem adequate to account for these echoes. As predicted by this observation, the laminar flow echoes are seen downstream of junction sites where blood different compositions flows together, notably at the renal and hepatic vein junctions with the inferior vena cava, but the phenomenon is not seen in arteries. PMID- 6981984 TI - Orbital roof blow-out fractures. PMID- 6981985 TI - Giant intracranial aneurysms: rapid sequential computed tomography. AB - Giant intracranial aneurysms often present as mass lesions rather than with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Routine computed tomographic (CT) scans with contrast material will generally detect them, but erroneous diagnosis of basal meningioma is possible. Rapid sequential scanning (dynamic CT) after bolus injection of 40 ml of Renografin-76 can conclusively demonstrate an intracranial aneurysm, differentiating it from other lesions by transit-time analysis of the passage of contrast medium. In five patients, the dynamics of contrast bolus transit in aneurysms were consistently different from the dynamics in pituitary tumors, craniopharyngiomas, and meningiomas, thereby allowing a specific diagnosis. Dynamic CT was also useful after treatment of the aneurysms by carotid artery ligation and may be used as an alternative to angiographic evaluation in determining luminal patency or thrombosis. PMID- 6981983 TI - Vertebral osteomyelitis: disk hypodensity on CT. AB - The importance and role of computed tomography (CT) are discussed on the basis of 36 cases of vertebral osteomyelitis. The bone images themselves, the detection of lumbar disk hypodensity, and the exploration of soft paraspinal regions in the search for an abscess are factors that contribute to the superiority of this method in difficult cases. In cases where the diagnosis is already known, CT offers an excellent method to assess the extent of the lesions. Its accuracy, coupled with its rapidity and noninvasive nature, affects the role of conventional tomography, a method that is incomplete and involves higher radiation doses. CT offers an excellent method for follow-up after treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis. PMID- 6981986 TI - A peripheralized digital image management system: prospectus. AB - The number of diagnostic radiology examinations being performed on digitally formatted imaging equipment is continually increasing. However, most digital data are recorded as analogue images and the films stored in a central file. The dynamic range of raw digital data is lost. Currently, the space and cost requirements for storage of all digital data have discouraged most users from attempting it. This article presents the concepts and describes the requirements and initial fabrication of a system that will capture and retain all digital data using a network of peripheralized image acquisition, display, and storage devices. Any piece of digitally formatted equipment can be interfaced into the system. A real-time computer capability provides that any digital examination can be reviewed at any display station for up to 10 days. PMID- 6981989 TI - Prenatal percutaneous antegrade pyelography in posterior urethral valves: sonographic guidance. PMID- 6981988 TI - Increase in CT attenuation values of parapelvic renal cysts after retrograde pyelography. PMID- 6981990 TI - Fatal pulmonary hypertension secondary to intravascular metastatic tumor emboli. PMID- 6981991 TI - Electrocardiographic changes following endocardial resection for ventricular tachycardia. AB - The ECG changes resulting from endocardial resection, with or without aneurysmectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), are reported in 82 patients. Angiographic and surgical features and peak creatine kinase (CK) levels are correlated with ECG findings. Twenty-three of 82 patients (28%) had the following ECG changes postoperatively: decreased ST segment elevation = 3 (4%), loss of R wave amplitude = 4 (5%), increased R wave amplitude = 5 (6%), new Q wave = 4 (4%), axis shift greater than or equal to 45 degrees = 6 (7%), and new bundle branch block = 6 (7%). Five of six new cases of bundle branch block were left bundle type and resulted from resection of the inferoposterobasal and contiguous septal endocardium. ECG anterior infarction, anterior aneurysm, and anteroseptal endocardial resection were associated with a significantly lower incidence of postoperative ECG changes. Aneurysmectomy and the performance of CABG were not significantly associated with postoperative ECG changes, but more bypass grafts per patient grafted appeared in the group with postoperative ECG changes, suggesting that coronary artery disease may be more severe in that group. Peak CK did not correlate with postoperative ECG findings. We conclude that ECG changes occur infrequently after endocardial resection and that the factors responsible are not clear, although severity of coronary artery disease may be contributory. Left bundle branch block is a significant complication of inferoposterobasal resection, but complete heart block appears not to be. The diagnosis of myocardial necrosis is difficult in these patients. PMID- 6981992 TI - Coronary artery surgery in diabetics: 261 consecutive patients followed four to seven years. AB - Diabetes mellitus is a well established risk factor for coronary artery disease, but its effect on the conduct and results of bypass surgery (CABG) are not well documented. We identified 261 (11.9%) diabetics among 2192 patients operated August, 1972, through December, 1977. All patients were surveyed, in identical manner, during January, 1981. There were 51 (19.5%) dead, seven (3.3%) lost, and seven (3.3%) residing in foreign countries whom we did not attempt to follow. We divided the 261 patients into three groups by severity of diabetes: drug therapy 106 (40.6%), diet therapy 60 (23.0%), and borderline 95 (36.4%). Severity of diabetes had no effect on any of the factors we investigated. Compared with nondiabetics, diabetics had the same average age, a higher proportion of women, the same number of grafts per patient, slightly more bad ventricles, and a higher surgical and late mortality. Frequency of preoperative angina was slightly higher in diabetics. Relief of angina was essentially the same in both groups. There were 54 serious complications which occurred in 45 (17.2%) patients; of these, 20 (7.7%) were hospital mortalities. The only factors reaching statistical significance were the proportion of women and the surgical mortality in good ventricles. We conclude that the presence of diabetes does increase the morbidity and mortality associated with bypass surgery, but only to a relatively small degree and that controlled diabetes is not sufficient reason to avoid bypass surgery. PMID- 6981987 TI - CT and radiation therapy planning: impact of LOCATE ScoutView images. AB - LOCATE, a new computer software program, was used to outline tumor margins on scanned projection radiographs (ScoutView). This information was transferred to simulator radiographs and the results compared with tumor margins determined by all other methods. Twenty-two patients with various types of tumors in different parts of the body were studied with computed tomography and then therapy planned without the benefit of images from this program. When program information was made available, it stimulated a change in the radiation therapy plan in 18 cases (82%). Phantom studies demonstrated that magnification inherent in the program images was not significantly different from that in simulator radiographs. Program-generated tumor margins on ScoutView images were shown to accurately reflect tumor margins outlined on cross-sectional computed tomographic images as long as no patient motion occurred on the table during the study. LOCATE provides a useful means of tumor localization for therapy planning in many cases. PMID- 6981995 TI - Constrictive pericarditis as a complication of cardiac surgery: recognition of an entity. AB - Among 5,207 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery, postoperative constrictive pericarditis was recognized in 11 patients (0.2% incidence rate). Seven patients had coronary arterial bypass grafting and 4 had valve replacement; the pericardium was left open in all cases. The average interval between surgery and presentation of pericardial constriction was 82 days (range 14 to 186). M mode echocardiography revealed epicardial and pericardial thickening in 7 cases and variable degrees of posterior pericardial effusion in 5 cases. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated uniformity of diastolic pressures with a characteristic early diastolic dip and late plateau pattern. Two patients responded to medical therapy for chronic pericarditis. One patient had a limited parietal pericardiectomy followed by recurrent constrictive pericarditis that eventually stabilized with medical therapy. The other 8 patients required radical pericardiectomy. The pathophysiology of constriction after surgery is unclear. Its clinical expression involves a wide spectrum of presentation and therapeutic response. Constrictive pericarditis may be a complication of cardiac surgery in spite of an open pericardium and should be considered in postoperative patients who present with deteriorating cardiac function. PMID- 6981993 TI - Medical versus surgical treatment of unstable angina. PMID- 6981996 TI - Vitamin D metabolism in hypophosphatemic rickets. AB - Vitamin D metabolites were measured in 21 patients with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia of juvenile onset. In eight patients who had not received any antirachitic treatment, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OH-D) and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-[OH]2D) values were normal, whereas serum 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-[OH]2D) values were lower than in normal subjects. In 13 patients who were receiving ergocalciferol and oral elemental phosphorus, serum 25-OH-D and 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations were elevated and serum 1,25-(OH)2D values were low. The findings in untreated patients supported the hypothesis that vitamin D metabolism is abnormal in hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia. The reduction of serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels with ergocalciferol and phosphate therapy gives further support to a therapeutic role for 1,25-(OH)2D in this disorder. PMID- 6981997 TI - Estrogens and surgery in women with von Willebrand's disease. AB - While receiving estrogen therapy, three women with classic type I von Willebrand's disease showed significantly less bleeding and improved hemostasis. One took estrogens to prevent menopausal symptoms, and two used oral contraceptives. These women underwent major surgery without excessive bleeding and without requiring cryoprecipitate or other blood components. Prior to estrogen therapy, each woman had received cryoprecipitate or fresh frozen plasma to stop bleeding from dental extractions or other surgical procedures. Furthermore, two other women with type I von Willebrand's disease also exhibited improved hemostasis while taking oral contraceptives. These experiences suggest a short course of estrogen therapy may effectively prepare some women with von Willebrand's disease for elective surgery. PMID- 6981998 TI - Temporal dependence of beneficial effects of coronary thrombolysis characterized by positron tomography. AB - To delineate beneficial effects of intracoronary thrombolysis on myocardial metabolism in vivo and their dependence on the interval after coronary occlusion prior to reperfusion, we studied 23 closed-chest dogs. Coronary occlusion was produced with a thrombogenic copper coil to performance of cardiac positron emission tomography with 11C-palmitate. Jeopardized zones were calculated by summation by myocardial regions exhibiting less than 50 percent of the peak left ventricular wall radioactivity, and residual metabolic activity within jeopardized zones quantified based on the average counts compared with average counts in normal myocardium. After tomography, streptokinase was infused into the coronary artery (4,000 units per minute), resulting in angiographically demonstrable restoration of patency. Repeat tomography performed 90 minutes after the initial study with a second injection of 11C-palmitate demonstrated reduction of jeopardized zones by 51 +/- 6.3 percent (SE) and by 21 +/- 1.8 (p less than 0.01 based on paired comparisons) when refusion was initiated 1 to 2 (in four dogs) or 2 to 4 (in six dogs) hours after occlusion. Metabolic activity in initially jeopardized regions increased by 111 +/- 24.3 percent and 61.8 +/- 12.6 (p less than 0.01 for each). When streptokinase was infused later after occlusion, significant salutary metabolic effects did not occur. These results indicate that positron tomography may be useful in the clinical delineation of the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy in restoring myocardial metabolism and underscore the marked dependence of such efficacy on the duration of the interval of ischemia prior to the onset of reperfusion. PMID- 6981999 TI - Pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae serotype E. PMID- 6981994 TI - Continuous monitoring of left ventricular performance with the computerized nuclear probe during laryngoscopy and intubation before coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Left ventricular performance was monitored serially in 25 patients during laryngoscopy and intubation in the anesthetic induction period before elective coronary artery bypass surgery using the labeled equilibrium blood pool and the computerized nuclear probe. Left ventricular ejection fraction was obtained preoperatively, after induction of anesthesia but before endotracheal intubation, immediately after intubation, and at 1 minute intervals thereafter for 10 minutes. In all patients, there was an immediate decrease (mean 16%) in left ventricular ejection fraction accompanying the reflex hypertension and tachycardia occurring during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation; it was significantly depressed for 3 minutes with the concomitant hemodynamic changes. Seven patients did not demonstrate a recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction to the preintubation value. In 10 healthy noncardiac patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, after an identical anesthetic induction sequence and intubation, there was a similar decrease in ejection fraction, but of shorter duration. In these patients the recovery of left ventricular performance preceded the recovery of blood pressure and heart rate. This study demonstrates that profound decreases in left ventricular performance accompany the reflex hypertension and tachycardia occurring during endotracheal intubation and that there is persisting depression of left ventricular function in some patients with coronary artery disease. These findings indicate the potential utility of the computerized nuclear probe for monitoring ventricular performance during this critical period. PMID- 6982001 TI - Sequential in vitro reactivity of lymphocytes from patients with cervical squamous malignancy in a cytotoxicity assay. AB - The in vitro reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with cervical squamous malignancy was prospectively followed over a relatively long period of time. In 12 of 14 patients with preinvasive cervical lesions, reactivity was present at the time of initial diagnosis. Three months after treatment, reactivity was still present in only one of 12 (8%). Six months after the treatment, no significantly reactivity could be detected in any of them. In the group with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, four patients developed recurrence in the course of follow-up. Reactivity was present in all at the time of initial diagnosis. In three of them, cytotoxic reactivity was retained up to the time of death, in spite of clinical deterioration. One lost the reactivity after the third course of chemotherapy. Fourteen patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma were followed up to 24 months without any evidence of recurrence. In all of this group, the cell-mediated cytotoxicity was nonreactive at 9 months. We conclude that: (1) patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix demonstrated cell-mediated immune responses which disappeared 3 to 9 months after effective treatment (apparent cure) and (2) with persistent disease, in spite of marked clinical deterioration and inanition, cell-mediated cytotoxicity was demonstrable until the time of death. PMID- 6982000 TI - Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency and plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency--a new association? AB - We report a 74-year-old woman presenting with vaginal bleeding and hepatomegaly and was found to have plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency and alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. She also had liver and lung disease of the type associated with the antiprotease deficiency. The relative rarity of the two deficient states led to family and genetic studies. The possibility of a new genetic syndrome is entertained. PMID- 6982002 TI - Intraocular lenses and experimental bacterial endophthalmitis. AB - To determine if an intraocular lens renders bacterial endophthalmitis more resistant to therapy, an animal model was developed. Nine rabbits underwent bilateral extracapsular lens extraction with placement of a Simcoe posterior chamber IOL in one eye. Approximately 170 organisms of Staphylococcus aureus were inoculated into both eyes. The eyes of seen animals were treated with intravitreal and subconjunctival gentamicin after 24 and 48 hours. Vitreous cultures remained sterile in all treated eyes for one week after antibiotic therapy. Two animals that did not receive antibiotics showed persistent infection. There was no difference between aphakic and pseudophakic eyes in terms of clinical response or onset of negative cultures. PMID- 6982003 TI - Neisseria subflava endophthalmitis. PMID- 6982004 TI - Localization of ouabain-binding sites in frog gastric mucosa. AB - Autoradiography at the light microscopic level was used to localize sites of [3H]ouabain binding in isolated stimulated frog gastric mucosa. Silver grains denoting binding were located near basal and lateral surfaces in both oxyntic and surface epithelial cells. Binding to oxyntic cells occurred well before inhibition of acid secretion, consistent with the view that inhibition by this drug is indirect, and subsequent to inactivation of oxyntic cell Na+-K+-ATPase and the resulting depression of cellular K+. The presence of Na+-K+-ATPase in surface cells, as shown by binding of labeled ouabain, suggests a role for that transport enzyme in electrical activity and secretion of alkali by these cells. PMID- 6982005 TI - Langerhans' cell granulomatosis (histiocytosis X) of bone in adults. AB - Langerhans' cell granulomatosis (LCG) (histiocytosis X) of bone is generally considered a childhood disease. A series of 61 adult patients who presented with histologically confirmed skeletal disease was studied. The male-to-female ratio was 2.1, and 36 patients were more than 30 years old, the oldest being 71 years. Pain was the most frequent symptom. Forty-six patients has solitary lesions, six had two or three, and nine had more than three. The time interval between the development of lesions, although usually less than 2 years, ranged up to 32 years. Rib, skull, and pelvis were the most frequently involved sites. Eight patients had extraskeletal disease. Radiologically, a well-defined lytic lesion, either with no surrounding reaction or with sclerotic margins, was seen most often. The rare, poorly defined lesions tended to occur in the clavicle. Microscopically, typical Langerhans' cells were present in large numbers. Eosinophils were usually prominent. Benign giant cells, mitotic figures, and necrosis also were observed. There was no histologic difference between solitary and multiple lesions. Surgery, radiation therapy, or a combination of both usually provided adequate treatment. Only two of the solitary lesions recurred. Eleven patients suffered from chronic, progressive disease, which inconsistently responded to treatment. None of the patients in our series died of the disease. PMID- 6982006 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity reaction in endometriosis]. PMID- 6982008 TI - Anaesthesia for coronary artery bypass in a patient with porphyria variegata. PMID- 6982007 TI - [Shock-treatment in gastro-intestinal-bleeding with 3,5% isocyanate crosslinked polypeptide solution]. AB - In a prospective study infusions of 3,5% isocyanate crosslinked polypeptide solution 500 ml (Haemaccel 3,5%) were given to patients with gastro-intestinal bleeding for shock treatment and prophylaxis. The increase in intravascular volume was always satisfactory. We did not see any undesirable side effects (anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid reaction, coagulopathy, oliguria). PMID- 6982009 TI - Transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation increases the potency of nitrous oxide in humans. AB - The potency, amnesic, and postanesthetic analgesic effects of transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation (TCES) were evaluated during N2O anesthesia in 120 unpremedicated patients, prior to urologic or general surgical operations. The patients were divided into six groups of 20 each with respect to what concentration of N2O in oxygen they were allowed to breathe (75, 62.5, and 50%), and whether they were or were not stimulated with TCES. Recordings of heart and respiratory rates, systolic arterial blood pressure, and minute ventilation were made prior to and after 20 min of N2O, and one minute later following application of a Kocker clamp to the upper inner thigh for one minute. The presence or absence of movement during the painful stimulus, memory of the painful stimulus, and postanesthetic pain at the clamp site (20 min after anesthesia) were also evaluated. Patients who received TCES had significantly lower incidences of movement, memory of the painful stimulus, and postanesthetic pain at the stimulation site at each N2O concentration than patients not getting TCES. TCES did not alter circulatory and respiratory dynamics prior to painful stimulation and prevented an increase in arterial blood pressure during painful stimulation in patients receiving 50% N2O. These data indicate that TCES significantly increases the analgesic potency of N2O and probably also the depth of anesthesia. PMID- 6982010 TI - [Trichomonal infections in promiscuous women]. AB - Vaginal swabs taken from 2,096 promiscuous women were examined microscopically and more swabs from 1,813 women were cultivated. The women examined were divided into 4 different age groups (15-20 years, 21-25 years, 26-30 years and over 30 years). The occurrence of trichomonadosis was diminishing with the age: 65.0%- 51.2%--47.7%--41.8%. The occurrence of gonorrhoea was bit lower among the youngest women (25.9%) than among the older ones, the lowest occurrence being among the group of over 30 years (12.7%). The high occurrence of the mentioned infections underlines the risk of infection during sexual intercourse with promiscuous women. PMID- 6982011 TI - Immune complexes in coccidioidomycosis. Correlation with disease involvement. AB - Circulating immune complexes were quantitated by Clq-binding assays of serum from 73 patients with active coccidioidomycosis, 5 patients with inactive disease, and 34 healthy subjects. Immune complexes were detected in serums of 8 (44%) of 18 patients with active pulmonary disease only and 22 (40%) of 55 patients with active disseminated disease. Results in none of 5 patients with inactive disease and in only 2 (9%) of 34 healthy subjects were positive by the Clq-binding assay. Immune complex levels did not differ in patients with pulmonary disease versus those with disseminated disease. However, immune complexes did correlate with disease involvement. Of 57 patients with coccidioidomycosis involving a single organ system (pulmonary or extrapulmonary), 19 (33%) had immune complexes compared with 6 (67%) of 9 patients with disease involving 2 organ systems, and 5 (71%) of 7 patients with disease of 3 or more organ systems. Immune complex levels correlated with serum IgG, but did not correlate with serum complement fixing antibody titers to coccidioidin. Rather, the correlation curve between immune complexes and complement-fixing antibody titers yielded a bell-shaped distribution. This distribution pattern suggests that changes in antibody concentration may have effected the size and lattice of immune complexes, resulting in altered detection and/or clearance from the bloodstream. PMID- 6982012 TI - Alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is more sensitive to inactivation by cigarette smoke than is leukocyte elastase. AB - Aqueous solutions of gas phase cigarette smoke were incubated with pure human leukocyte elastase or with crude human leukocyte granule extract, and the effects on enzyme activity were determined using a synthetic amide substrate. Simultaneously, the same smoke solutions were incubated with 10% human serum under identical conditions, and the effects on serum inhibition of purified or crude leukocyte elastase were similarly measured. In addition, aqueous solutions of unfractionated cigarette smoke were incubated with leukocyte elastase or serum, and the abilities of the smoke-treated enzyme to digest elastin and of the smoke-treated serum to inhibit elastin digestion were determined. Both experimental protocols showed that serum elastase-inhibiting capacity (primarily caused by alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor) is more susceptible to inactivation by aqueous solutions of cigarette smoke than is leukocyte elastase, suggesting that elastase inhibition (rather than elastase activity) may be predominantly suppressed by cigarette smoke inhalation in vivo. PMID- 6982013 TI - Recurrent cellulitis after saphenous venectomy for coronary bypass surgery. AB - We describe a previously unreported complication of coronary artery bypass grafting, recurrent cellulitis. Five patients had 20 episodes of acute cellulitis, each occurring in the lower extremity in which saphenous venectomy had been done. The cases were striking because the patients presented with high fever and considerable systemic toxicity. The appearance of the lesions, presence in one case of obvious associated lymphangitis, and prompt response in three instances to therapy with penicillin alone all suggest group A streptococcal infection. In one case, a beta-hemolytic, bacitracin-susceptible Streptococcus strain was isolated from the lesion. The pathogenesis of this syndrome remains obscure but, based on our understanding of postsurgical erysipelas, this cellulitis likely results from the interplay of several factors, including local compromise of lymphatic drainage, direct bacterial invasion, and acquired hypersensitivity to streptococcal exotoxins. PMID- 6982015 TI - Vein-donor-leg cellulitis after coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6982014 TI - Opportunistic infection in previously healthy women. Initial manifestations of a community-acquired cellular immunodeficiency. AB - Opportunistic infections and unusual tumors have been reported in an unprecedented outbreak of community-acquired cellular immune deficiency among homosexual and drug-abusing men. We report five women with the same syndrome. The women were residents of metropolitan New York City closely associated with drug abuse either by personal use (our patients) or close sexual contact with an abuser (one patient). One patient was bisexual. All five patients developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as well as combinations of other opportunistic infections including oral candida, disseminated mycobacteria, and ulcerative herpes simplex infections. All patients had marked depression of cellular immune function. Three patients died. The appearance of this syndrome in women has important implications with regard to the epidemiology and etiology of this emerging syndrome. PMID- 6982016 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma and the HLA-Dr5 alloantigen. PMID- 6982018 TI - Metastatic endophthalmitis: a complication of meningococcal meningitis. AB - A 13-month-old child with Neisseria meningitidis developed bilateral metastatic endophthalmitis. Treatment with systemic and periocular injections of penicillin G and steroids resulted in resolution of the meningitis and the endophthalmitis. This case should alert the pediatrician to the possibility of binding endophthalmitis in a patient with meningitis and ocular abnormalities. PMID- 6982017 TI - Cure of mediastinal seminoma. PMID- 6982019 TI - Bilateral endogenous necrotizing scleritis due to Aspergillus oryzae. AB - A case of bilateral necrotizing scleritis due to Aspergillus oryzae is reported. The patient was a former addict of intravenous narcotics treated five years previously for meningitis due to the same organism. A seeding focus in the thoracic spine was eventually found. The patient responded well to combined local and systemic therapy with amphotericin B, flucytosine, and natamycin. This represents, to the best of our knowledge, both the first reported case of ocular disease due to this species of Aspergillus and of isolated scleral, nonintraocular involvement in endogenous oculomycosis. PMID- 6982020 TI - Posterior staphyloma development in pathologic myopia. PMID- 6982021 TI - Rabbit B spleen lymphocytes and macrophages as accessory cells in T-cell activation by mitogens. AB - The enhancement of the response of T cells to concanavalin A (ConA) and phtyohaemagglutinin (PHA) by macrophages has been shown in most species, whereas the accessory role of B cells has been only described in studies using human or rabbit lymphocytes. In rabbit, the accessory activity is confined to a subpopulation of B lymphocytes: the majority of B cells have sedimentation velocity of 2.5 to 4 mm/h, whereas the maximum of the accessory activity is found among the B cells, sedimenting with a velocity of 3.5 to 8 mm/h; B cells sedimenting between 1 and 3.5 mm/h have only a very weak accessory activity. Splenic adherent and/or phagocytic spleen cells may contribute additional augmentation of the response of T cells to ConA, since other macrophages (peritoneal and alveolar) are able to increase the ConA response to spleen T cells. PMID- 6982022 TI - Decreased serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration during long-term anticonvulsant therapy in adult epileptics. AB - Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D], and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1, 25-(OH)2D] were measured in 30 ambulatory adult epileptic patients during long-term anticonvulsant treatment with phenytoin, phenobarbital, or carbamazepine. For the entire group, serum 24,25-(OH)2D was decreased (p less than 0.0005) as compared to normal subjects to a mean value of 0.7 +/- 0.1 (SEM) ng/ml. However, serum 1, 25-(OH)2D was increased at 50 +/- 7 pg/ml (p less than 0.025). Serum 25-OHD declined insignificantly to 19 +/- 3 ng/ml. All three drugs caused a significant reduction of serum 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations. A significant decrease in serum 25-OHD was observed only for the phenobarbital-treated patients. Serum 1, 25-(OH)2D was high in patients receiving phenytoin or carbamazepine but not in those taking phenobarbital. The findings suggest that while various anticonvulsant drugs appear to exert different effects on vitamin D metabolism, a universal finding is diminished serum 24,25-(OH)2D. The results support the notion that 24,25-(OH)2D deficiency may play an important role in the pathogenesis of anticonvulsant induced osteomalacia. PMID- 6982023 TI - In vitro activity of temocillin (BRL 17421), a novel beta-lactamase-stable penicillin. AB - The new in vitro activity of temocillin (BRL 17421), a new beta-lactamase-stable penicillin, was compared with those of other beta-lactam antibiotics for over 500 clinical bacterial isolates. Temocillin inhibited 94% of the Enterobacteriaceae organisms at concentrations of 0.5 to 8 microgram/ml, regardless of organisms resistance to ampicillin, ticarcillin, cefazolin, or combinations thereof. Most pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and all staphylococci and streptococci tested were resistant to temocillin. PMID- 6982026 TI - Response of intestinal flora of laboratory-reared leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) to cold and fasting. AB - The bacterial flora of the large intestine was examined in 35 laboratory-reared leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) subjected to one of the following four treatments: (i) normal feeding at 21 degrees C (10 frogs); (ii) fasting for 2 weeks at 21 degrees C (8 frogs); (iii) chilling for 1 week at 4 degrees C (9 frogs); and (iv) simulated hibernation for 3 weeks at 4 degrees C (8 frogs). Bacteria from the intestinal contents and mucosa were counted microscopically and by colony counting after strictly anaerobic culturing. The predominant bacteria were isolated and partially characterized. Fasting for 2 weeks produced no significant changes in total counts or in the types of bacteria cultured. Chilling, whether rapid or in the course of simulated hibernation, was associated with a decrease in the numbers and variety of bacteria. Thus it appears that the lowering of temperature rather than the absence of food is the important factor in the reduction of bacterial flora seen in hibernating frogs. However, the bacteria showed some adaptation to the low temperature, as the longer the host had been at 4 degrees C, the higher the proportion of bacteria which could grow when cultured at that temperature. PMID- 6982025 TI - Large intestine bacterial flora of nonhibernating and hibernating leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). AB - The bacteria in the large intestines of 10 northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) were enumerated and partially characterized. Four nonhibernating frogs were collected in the summer, four hibernating frogs were collected in the winter, and two frogs just emerged from hibernation were collected in the spring. All frogs had about 10(10) bacteria per g (wet weight) of intestinal contents and about 10(9) bacteria per g (wet weight) of mucosal scraping, although the counts from the winter frogs were slightly less than those from the other two groups of frogs. Another group of 14 summer frogs, after treatment to induce hibernation, showed a drop in bacterial counts accompanied by a change in the composition of the flora. In most frogs, Bacteroides was the dominant organism. Other bacteria repeatedly isolated at high dilutions were strict anaerobes, including butyrigenic and acetogenic helically coiled bacteria; fusobacteria; and acetogenic, small, gram-positive bacilli. These data indicate that the intestinal flora of frogs is similar to that of mammals and birds and that this flora can be maintained at temperatures close to freezing. PMID- 6982024 TI - Pyridinium-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline chromophore, a new chromogenic cephalosporin for rapid beta-lactamase testing. AB - A new chromogenic cephalosporin, pyridinium-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline chromophore, was evaluated for use in a rapid paper strip or tube test for the detection of beta-lactamases from a variety of microorganisms. A 1-min pyridinium-2-azo-p dimethylaniline chromophore paper strip test was found to be a convenient and accurate method for the detection of beta-lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, although it could not be relied upon to detect beta-lactamases produced by staphylococci, enteric organisms, or Bacteroides fragilis. PMID- 6982029 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, bleeding diathesis, and intracranial haemorrhage. PMID- 6982028 TI - Intracranial haemorrhage due to vitamin K deficiency associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency type PiZ. PMID- 6982027 TI - Enteropathy complicating maintenance therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Seven patients being treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia between March 1976 and March 1981, in accordance with Medical Research Council protocols, developed clinical malabsorption while on maintenance chemotherapy. All of them received weekly methotrexate and 6 of the 7 were given co-trimoxazole. Five patients had folate deficiency. Stopping the anti-leukaemic therapy led to a resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms. A combined effect of methotrexate and co-trimoxazole is postulated. PMID- 6982030 TI - Identification of antibodies to acidic antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6982031 TI - Surgical treatment of ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 6982032 TI - [Haemophilus parainfluenza infection followed by Enterobacter cloacae infection in a newborn]. PMID- 6982034 TI - [Structural and functional characteristics of bush-like interoceptors in the initial period of anoxia]. AB - The bush-like receptors of the Rana temporaria urinary bladder have been studied electrophysiologically, cytophotometrically and electronmicroscopically. A combined morpho-physiological experiment demonstrates a phase character in dynamics of the spontaneous impulsive receptor activity, no changes in the terminal plate size. heterogeneity of the reaction for methylene blue. The receptor plates have been cytophotometrically demonstrated to take a longer time for staining and bleaching; that can serve as a structural index on a decreasing energy level of metabolism. Certain changes and rearrangement in the receptors plate organelles take place. A suggestion is made that the receptors studied possess some labile enzymatic systems owing to which the metabolism level can be swiftly and profoundly changed. PMID- 6982033 TI - The effect of bacterial and fungal phospholipids on immune response to sheep erythrocytes and E. coli lipopolysaccharide. AB - The effect of phospholipids extracted from some bacteria and fungi on the response of mice to sheep erythrocytes and E. coli lipopolysaccharide has been studied. The phospholipids from Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus fumigatus augmented the humoral immune response to both antigens studied. The phospholipids from Asp. fumigatus, Str. faecalis and Candida albicans stimulated mouse B lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. On the other hand, none of the phospholipids studied could aid ovalbumin to induce delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs, and all phospholipids were not mitogenic for mouse T lymphocytes. Phospholipids from Cryptococcus neoformans and Penicillium notatum were without adjuvant activity, and those from C. albicans suppressed the response to sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 6982035 TI - Colloid cysts of the third ventricle. A radiologic-pathologic correlation. PMID- 6982037 TI - [Vestibular deficit and facial palsy: CT diagnosis of ectatic vertebral artery]. PMID- 6982038 TI - Inhibition of wool growth in merino sheep following administration of mouse epidermal growth factor and a derivative. AB - The present study investigates the effects of dosage and different modes of delivery of mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the production of breaks in the fleece and on wool growth in Merino wethers. Subcutaneous infusions of EGF of greater than or equal to 0 . 25 mg kg-0.75 for 7-28 h resulted in a dose dependent total or partial inhibition of wool production 2-4 weeks later. A complete break appeared in the fleece that was shed. Lower doses had lesser inhibitory effects on wool growth: the fleece was not shed but bore a zone of weakness, termed an incomplete break. Inclusion of the glucocorticoid analogue dexamethasone in the infusate did not alter the action of EGF on the fleece. Although a higher plane of nutrition increased the rate of fibre production, it did not alter the extent of inhibition of wool growth by EGF. Infusion of a peptide from EGF, which lacked eight of the C-terminal amino acids (EGF1-45), was as effective as the parent molecule in inhibiting wool growth. EGF administered as a single subcutaneous injection was less reliable as a method for producing breaks in the fleece. Of seven wethers that received EGF at a dose level between 0 . 27 and 0 . 32 mg kg-0.75, only three shed their fleeces. The remainder either developed incomplete breaks in the wool or were not affected. Administration of EGF at a dose level of 0 . 56 mg kg-0.75 via a rumen tube to one sheep had no discernible inhibitory effect on wool growth. PMID- 6982039 TI - Effects of induction of parturition in ewes with dexamethasone or oestrogen on concentrations of immunoglobulins in colostrum, and absorption of immunoglobulins by lambs. AB - Immunoglobulins were measured in colostral whey from untreated ewes or ewes treated on days 142-145 of gestation with 15 mg oestradiol benzoate (ODB) or 10, 17.5 or 25 mg dexamethasone m-sulfobenzoate (DEX) to induce parturition. DEX at all levels reduced the concentrations of immunoglobulins in colostrum, but ODB had no effect. In a second experiment, similar treatments of ODB and DEX were applied on day 143 of gestation. Lambs were removed from their dams at birth and fed a standard volume of pooled colostrum taken from untreated ewes. They were injected with an antigen (Brucella abortus) at 12 h and 4 weeks of age. Concentrations of immunoglobulins in blood plasma at 24 h after birth of lambs from DEX-treated ewes were lower than for lambs from untreated ewes or from those treated with ODB. Response to the antigen, monitored to 12 weeks of age, was unaffected by either drug. The impairment of transfer of immunoglobulins from ewe to lamb offers a possible explanation for the higher mortality among older lambs found previously after treatment of ewes with DEX. PMID- 6982036 TI - Microorganisms isolated from peritonsillar abscess and indicated chemotherapy. AB - A bacteriologic study was made of 30 patients with peritonsillar abscesses with the use of both aerobic and anaerobic culture procedures. The abscess was punctured and the pus was aspirated by a syringe with an 18-gauge needle. Aerobes and anaerobes were detected in a frequency rate of approximately 1:2. Peptostreptococcus (30.2%), group a streptococci (27.9%), Peptococcus (16.3%), and Fusobacterium (9.3%) were preponderant pathogens. Anaerobic organisms were isolated in 75% of 30 cases. Aside from group A streptococci, anaerobes play a major etiologic role in peritonsillar abscess. Penicillins or cephalosporins will provide maximum chemotherapeutic benefit. PMID- 6982040 TI - The prevalence of psychiatric disorder in rural school children. AB - The multidetermined nature of psychiatric disorder in childhood calls for a detailed assessment of the individual and his family, and often a team approach to treatment. Since this involves contact with the family over a period of time the delivery of this type of service to children living in remote areas under conditions of geographical isolation can present considerable difficulty. A survey of 10- and 11-year-old children from the far West of Queensland showed a prevalence rate for psychiatric disorder of 10% among those whose parents were willing to complete a questionnaire and attend the child's school for interview. Although this is lower than rates obtained for children living in towns on the East coast and in the metropolitan Brisbane it still represents a sizeable group of children who require psychiatric help in areas where presently none is available. A method of family assessment and treatment for country children evolved by the psychiatric unit of a metropolitan children's hospital, shows the remoteness of home need not preclude the disturbed child from psychiatric expertise, although facilities must be augmented if children from an often forgotten sector of the Australian population are to be covered adequately. PMID- 6982041 TI - Rheumatic diseases other than rheumatic fever. AB - A total of 101 cases of rheumatic diseases collected during a period of six months from a hospital population have been analysed. These did not include rheumatic fever. Paediatric age group up to age of 12 years was not included in the series. Rheumatoid arthritis has been found to be the commonest condition, constituting 60 cases. Cervical spondylosis was next in common (24 cases). Ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis constituted nine and six cases respectively. Emphasis has been laid on the bizarre manifestation of cervical spondylosis. The study, in spite of limitations throws some light on the relative frequency of rheumatic diseases other than rheumatic fever in Bangladesh. PMID- 6982042 TI - Hanganutziu-Deicher type-heterophile antigen-positive cells in human cancer tissues demonstrated by membrane immunofluorescence. AB - The possible expression of Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D)-type heterophile antigen on the cell surface of several types of human cancer tissues was investigated by the membrane immunofluorescence test with anti-H-D serum. Anti-H-D serum of high titer was obtained from chickens immunized with H-D antigen-active glycosphingolipid, N-glycolylneuraminyl-lactosylceramide (equine hematoside). H-D antigen was demonstrated in 3 to 6 gastric cancer tissues, 2 of 3 lung cancer tissues, and 2 of 4 breast tissues examined, but not in 5 colorectal cancer tissues examined. PMID- 6982045 TI - Lupus patients who lack detectable anti-DNA: clinical features and survival. PMID- 6982044 TI - Gamma-carboxyglutamate excretion and calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis. AB - Proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) are present in subcutaneous calcifications of adults with dermatomyositis or scleroderma. Sixteen children with juvenile dermatomyositis, including 7 with subcutaneous calcifications, were studied to determine if abnormal synthesis or turnover of Gla-containing proteins occurred. All study children had increased excretion of the amino acid that was greater than that of age- and sex-matched controls. Patients who had juvenile dermatomyositis with calcifications had a 3-fold increase in Gla excretion, and those without calcinosis had a 2-fold increase. Five other children with various connective tissue disorders and subcutaneous calcification had 2-fold increased Gla excretion. Decreased excretion of this amino acid was associated with salicylate therapy (80 mg/kg/24 hours). The data suggest an abnormal turnover of Gla-containing proteins in juvenile dermatomyositis. Metabolism of these proteins may be involved in the pathophysiology of soft-tissue calcification in children. PMID- 6982046 TI - [Proposal for a technic for demonstrating T lymphocytes on a frozen section. Marking by membrane fragments of sheep red blood cells]. AB - T lymphocytes may be identified in the blood and in suspensions derived from lymphoid tissue, by their tendency to form rosettes with sheeps' red blood cells. Some authors have described a method of obtaining the E rosettes in histological sections (Whiteside and Rowlands, 1977; Brubaker and Whiteside, 1977, 1979; Sakamoto and Oda, 1979). We demonstrate that it is possible to fix fragments of the membrane of sheep's red blood cells obtained by thermal shock. This fixation may be demonstrated by fluorescent or electron microscopy. It is possible to demonstrate T lymphocytes in sections by using membrane from fragmented sheeps' red blood cells. PMID- 6982043 TI - Biochemical pharmacology and toxicology of 8-azaadenosine alone and in combination with 2'-deoxycoformycin (pentostatin). AB - The toxicology and metabolism of 8-azaadenosine (8-azaAdo) were examined both as a single agent and in combination with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2' deoxycoformycin (dCF). The LD10 (mice) for 8-azaAdo alone on a once daily for 5 days (q.d. x 5) schedule was 30 mg . kg-1 . day-1. When the animals were pretreated with 0.1 mg . kg-1 . day-1 of dCF, the LD10 dose was reduced to 10 mg . kg-1 . day-1 x 5. The major organ toxicity seen was hepatic. Bone marrow cellularity was only slightly altered at the LD10 dose. 8-AzaAdo nucleotides were detected in the livers of treated mice as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Further, after 2 hr of incubation, isolated rat hepatocytes accumulated 8-azaATP to levels of 2.2 mumoles/g of cells with 8-azaAdo (1 mM) alone and to 4.3 mumoles/g of cells when 8-azaAdo was used in combination with dCF (1 microgram/ml). ATP levels decreased to below the limits of detection after 2 hr in cells treated with the combination. The replacement of cellular ATP by 8 azaATP may provide an explanation for the hepatotoxicity observed in the murine toxicology studies. PMID- 6982047 TI - [Pathological effects of recently isolated complement derived peptides]. AB - The C3a and C5a polypeptides release, under conditions of complement activation, causes a change in PMN shape and adhesiveness with formation of leukoemboli in microvascular districts. Those modified granulocytes produce oxygen radicals with toxic activity. This mechanism seems to play a role in different pathological situations like pulmonary distress in hemodialysis, leukapheresis, cardiopulmonary by-pass and extent of necrosis in acute myocardial infarction. The same mechanism has been largely investigated in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (A.R.D.S.). In this condition the leukoembolization toxicity seems to be the most important pathogenetic factor of the alveolo-capillary membrane damage which is the base of the disease. PMID- 6982049 TI - The effect of organic solvents on the lymphocyte rosette tests and the immunoglobulin level. PMID- 6982048 TI - [Immune reactivity and in vitro effect of levamisole in a group of patients with malignant melanoma]. PMID- 6982050 TI - The effect of concanavalin-A (Con A) stimulation on lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - It has been shown that suppressor T lymphocytes can be activated by plant mitogens as Con A. In order to see if there is any change in lymphocyte surface markers in addition to functional activity, lymphocyte subpopulations (E, EA gamma, EAC rosette forming cells) were determined in 18 healthy controls and 16 patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) after 18-24 hour incubation of lymphocytes with or without Con A (10 micrograms/ml per 2 x 10(6) lymphocytes). Without any incubation, the percentage of EA gamma-RFC was higher and E-RFC was lower in AT patients than in controls. In healthy controls the percentage of EA gamma-RFC significantly increased after incubation with Con A, while the patient group did not show any significant difference. In contrast, the percentage of E RFC cells in AT group showed significant increase after Con A incubation, while this difference was not significant in healthy controls. There was no significant difference in percentage of EAC-RFC with or without Con A incubation in healthy controls and AT patients. These differences between patient and control groups can be explained by the different features in circulating lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6982051 TI - "In vitro" colony growth of blood T-lymphocytes from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - T-lymphocyte colony formation in agar culture was investigated in 20 untreated B cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients in stage O. As compared to the controls, colony growth was very poor when unseparated peripheral-blood lymphocytes from CLL-patients were seeded. The number of colonies was greatly higher when T-cell enriched fractions from CLL were plated; however, they failed to reach the normal range even in this experimental condition. The role of adherent cells in the colony growth was also investigated. Depletion of these cells resulted in impaired colony generation either in normals or in CLL patients, which was subsequently restored by the addition of the same adherent cells. In the patients investigated in this study, an imbalance of T-subsets was found with increase of OKT8-positive cells (T-suppressors). When the number of colonies and the percentage of OKT8-positive cells were plotted, an inverse correlation was found. Conversely, a linear relationship was detected between the percentage of OKT4-positive cells (T-helpers) and the values of colonies. On the basis of the present experiments, it is suggested that the defective colony growth of T-cell fractions in B-cell CLL may be related to the low number of OKT4 positive cells plated, which are known to be mainly responsible for the colony generation in agar culture. PMID- 6982052 TI - [Preliminary pharmacological studies of a new anti-inflammatory agent: 4' acetamidophenyl-2-(5'-p-toluyl-1'-methylpyrrole)acetate]. PMID- 6982053 TI - Perioperative changes in complement associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The total haemolytic complement (CH50), the complement components C3 and C4, the complement breakdown product C3d, alternative pathway activation and transferrin, were measured before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. As expected, CH50 decreased after heparinization, remained low during bypass and decreased further up to 8 h after bypass. C3 and C4 decreased significantly during bypass, continued to decrease for a further 8 h after bypass (by 35% and 40% respectively) and thereafter increased gradually up to 48 h. Although the depletions observed were suggestive of complement activation, there were no demonstrable increases in C3d, and in all patients the concentration of C3d remained within the normal range. Hence it was concluded that complement depletions of this magnitude were unlikely to result from complement activation. Non-specific changes in protein concentrations during bypass, as a result of dilution, redistribution or other unidentified factors, are more probable causes of the observed reductions. The acute phase response to surgery may be a factor in the subsequent increase in C3 and C4 which is seen 24 h after bypass. As transferrin concentrations in the plasma are known to decrease during this response the observed decrease in transferrin concentration would support this view. PMID- 6982054 TI - Haemodynamic responses to induction of anaesthesia using midazolam in cardiac surgical patients. AB - The cardiovascular effects of midazolam 0.2 mg kg-1 i.v. were studied during the induction of anaesthesia in 16 premedicated patients subjected to cardiac surgery. In eight patients with coronary artery disease in whom global resting left ventricular function was normal the haemodynamic changes were small and observations on arterial pressure, cardiac index, stroke index, cardiac filling pressures, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance appeared to parallel those accompanying deep sleep in healthy volunteers. In eight patients with valvular heart disease and haemodynamic evidence of moderately impaired cardiac performance, pump function during induction with midazolam was maintained, probably as a result of the tendency towards a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Midazolam appears to be a valuable alternative to conventional induction agents without adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6982055 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of co-trifamole and co-trimoxazole to 'steady state' in normal subjects. PMID- 6982056 TI - The Walter Hubert Lecture, 1982. Interaction of cancer and host. PMID- 6982057 TI - Folate metabolism in man: the effect of malignant disease. AB - The metabolism of [2-14C]+[3', 5', 7, 9-3H] folic acid and [214C]+[3', 5', 7, 9 3H] 10-formylfolate was studied in hospital inpatients. Metabolites detected in the urine after folic acid feeding included the unchanged compound, other folates and a number of breakdown products, such as p-acetamidobenzoyl-L-glutamate and p acetamidobenzoate. This confirms the existence of a folate catabolic pathway in man. Patients with malignant disease excreted less of the dose in urine, incorporated more into the reduced folate pool, and showed decreased catabolism of folate, when compared to controls. 10-Formylfolate was excreted largely unchanged, and appears not to be reduced by man. Also 10-formylfolate interfered with the reduction of folic acid given simultaneously. PMID- 6982059 TI - Tumour-induced changes in murine lymphocyte profiles. PMID- 6982058 TI - Circulating immune complexes in dogs with osteosarcoma. PMID- 6982060 TI - Lytic effect of cytotoxic lymphocytes on oral epithelial cells in Behcet's disease. AB - The effect of blood lymphocytes on syngeneic oral epithelial cells was studied in twelve patients with Behcet's disease (BD) and twenty-one patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU). The control group consisted of twenty-five patients with non-aphthous skin disease and eight healthy individuals. Primary cell lines obtained from oral mucosa by suction blistering and subsequent enzymatic dissociation were used as target cells. Using a modified 51chromium release macro assay, a significant lytic effect due to antibody-independent lymphocytotoxicity could be demonstrated in patients with BD, but no significant lysis of target cells was found in the RAU patients compared with the control group. These results provide further evidence that antibody-independent lymphocytotoxicity may play an important role in oral ulceration in BD. PMID- 6982061 TI - The origin, development and regulation of megakaryocytes. PMID- 6982062 TI - B-CLL cells express true endogenous E receptor after culture with T-cells and mitogens. AB - Culture studies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seven typical cases of B-cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) showed that, in the presence of PHA or Con A and greater than or equal to 20% autologous or allogeneic T-cells, CLL cells express true sheep erythrocyte (E) receptor after 2-5 d, but fail to stain with a panel of anti-T-cell sera. In contrast to similarly cultured hairy cells (HCs), the cultured CLL cells continue to express light-chain-restricted surface immunoglobulin (SIg) and show no change in their morphology. The continued SIg positivity and staining with a panel of monoclonal antibodies indicated that the high proportion of E+ cells could not be attributed to the outgrowth of normal T cells or to mitogen-induced non-specific stickiness. Repeated addition of supernatants from cultured T-cells caused no phenotypic changes and therefore excluded the possibility of shedding and passive acquisition of E receptor. The points of similarity and difference between the responses of CLL cells and HCs cultured in a like manner are briefly considered in relation to the possible lineages of these two cell types. PMID- 6982063 TI - Standardization of prekallikrein activator (PKA): the 1st British reference preparation for PKA. AB - A collaborative study on prekallikrein activator (PKA) has been carried out involving four laboratories for the purpose of establishing a British reference preparation for PKA. Samples of two plasma protein fractions (PPF) were assayed against participants' own supplies of the Bureau of Biologics Reference Preparation No. 2 (BoB 2). There was good agreement on the relative PKA activities of the two preparations. One of the preparations, coded 79/572, was established as the 1st British Reference Preparation for Prekallikrein Activator, with an assigned potency of 78.9 units/ml. PMID- 6982065 TI - The performance of depressed and manic patients on some repertory grid measures: a cross-sectional study. AB - Six groups were tested: 20 depressed, 10 manic, 10 schizophrenic, 10 alcoholic and 10 physically ill patients, and 10 recovered depressed patients. They were administered repertory grids whose 10 elements were role titles and which employed 12 elicited constructs and one provided construct. After principal component analysis of each grid, measures were derived of 'cognitive simplicity' (Chetwynd, 1977), 'monolithic' and 'articulated' structure (Makhlouf-Norris et al., 1970), 'integration of self and others', and 'self-esteem'. Although neither the depressed nor the manic group differed from all the other groups on any measure, there was a tendency for the depressed patients to be characterized by grids which showed relative 'cognitive simplicity', and 'monolithic' but 'unarticulated' structure, a large perceived distance between self and others, and low 'self-esteem' and for the manic patients to have relatively 'complex' (or confused) grids, with 'unarticulated' structure, a small 'self-other' distance and high 'self-esteem'. PMID- 6982064 TI - Apparent heterogeneity of human megakaryocyte colony- and thrombopoiesis stimulating factors: studies on urinary extracts from patients with aplastic anaemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Megakaryocyte colon-stimulating factor (MEG-CSF) in the urinary extracts from patients wit aplastic anaemia (AA) revealed two distinct peaks of activity on Sephadex G-200 gel filtration with apparent molecular weights of 155,000 and 76,000. Both fractions induced significant thrombocytosis in peripheral blood and megakaryocytosis in the spleen of rats. Heterogeneity of MEG-CSF was also found in the extracts from the urine of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The higher molecular weight MEG-CSF was significantly reduced when the gel filtration was performed under the dissociating conditions. Ion-exchange chromatography indicated that the higher molecular weight MEG-CSF had a different charge from the lower molecular weight MEG-CSF. These results suggest that the apparent heterogeneity of MEG-CSF is due to interaction of MEG-CSF with other proteins in the urinary extracts. PMID- 6982069 TI - Activity of synthetic thymosin alpha 1 C-terminal peptides in the azathioprine E rosette inhibition assay. AB - The helical C-terminal portion of the thymic hormone thymosin alpha 1 exhibits immunological activities in several in vitro assays. The C-terminal region spanning positions 17-28 was subdivided into 11 overlapping peptide segments to collect further information on the molecular signal hypothesis for T lymphocyte differentiation by thymosin alpha 1 derived peptides. All peptides were synthesized by classical means and tested in the azathioprine E-rosette inhibition assay. The results provided additional evidence that a basic-acidic lipophilic sequence character is a possibly essential feature of a molecular signal for T cell differentiation. Five to seven structures beginning N terminally with lysine fitted this functional key. They showed immunological in vitro activities similar to and even better than the parent hormone thymosin alpha 1 in the ability to express in immature spleen cells from adult thymectomized mice the E-receptor sensitive to azathioprine inhibition. PMID- 6982067 TI - Purification and characterization of androgen receptor from steer seminal vesicle. AB - The androgen receptor has been purified from steer seminal vesicle cytosol by a combination of differential DNA-Sepharose 4B chromatography and testosterone 17 beta-hemisuccinyl-3,3'-diaminodipropylamine-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The procedure produced about 3 micrograms of receptor protein from 35 g of steer seminal vesicle, with a yield of 48%. The receptor protein, as a complex with unlabeled testosterone, was purified approximately 540000-fold. A single band, migrating at 60000 daltons, was observed following electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDoDSO4). This was confirmed by affinity labeling of the partially purified receptor with both 17 hydroxy-17 alpha-[3H]methyl-4,9,11-estratrien-3-one and 17 beta-hydroxy [1,2,4,5,6,7,16,17-3H8)-5 alpha-androstan-3-one 17-(2-bromoacetate), which showed a peak of radioactivity migrating at 60000 daltons by NaDoDSO4 gel electrophoresis. The receptor had an estimated Stokes radius of 35 A and a sedimentation coefficient of 3.8 S in the presence of 0.3 M NaCl. The calculated molecular weight and frictional ratio for the androgen binding activity were 57000 and 1.42, respectively. Chromatofocusing of the purified receptor protein revealed an isoelectric point of 6.6. [3H]Methyltrienolone, bound to the purified receptor, was displaced with methyl-trienolone greater than testosterone greater than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone much greater than 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5 androsten-17-one much greater than 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol. The physicochemical properties of the purified receptor were similar to those of the receptor in crude cytosol. These results demonstrate that the androgen receptor from steer seminal vesicle was substantially purified without significant modification of its physicochemical or steroid binding properties. PMID- 6982068 TI - Halibut muscle 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. Chemical and physical properties of the enzyme and its substrate complexes. AB - An efficient procedure for the purification of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) from Pacific halibut muscle is described. The molecular weight (43500) and specific activity are similar to those of other species of PGK. The isoelectric point (greater than 9.5) is more than 1.4 pH units higher than that reported for mammalian muscle PGK. The reaction of the seven thiol groups with 5,5' dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2) is kinetically biphasic; reaction at a single fast-reacting thiol inactivates the enzyme. The binding of all substrates and products to PGK was observed by 31P NMR. 1,3-Diphosphoglycerate (1,3-P2G) is more tightly bound than is any of the other reaction components. Unlike 1,3-P2G in aqueous solution, the complex with PGK is protected from hydrolysis over a period of weeks. The 31P chemical shifts of this complex are insensitive to pH which suggests that solvent water is excluded from the substrate-bound cleft. As with yeast PGK, the equilibrium constant for the phosphoryl transfer reaction is near unity in the enzyme site environment in contrast to a value of approximately 10(3) (in favor of ATP) in aqueous solution. Since the ternary complex equilibrium 31P NMR spectrum can be accounted for entirely on the basis of the various binary complex spectra, there is no compelling evidence for the involvement of a stoichiometrically substantial phosphoenzyme intermediate. PMID- 6982070 TI - Nitrogenase reactivity: cyanide as substrate and inhibitor. AB - We have examined the reduction of cyanide by using the purified component proteins of nitrogenase (Av1 and Av2). The previously reported self-inhibition phenomenon was found to be an artifact. One of the two species present in cyanide solutions, CN-, was shown to be a potent reversible inhibitor (Ki = 27 microM) of total electron flow, apparently uncoupling MgATP hydrolysis and electron transfer. There appears to be no differential effect of CN- on the specific activities of Av1 and Av2 nor is there any apparent irreversible physical damage to Av2. CN- inhibition is completely reversed by low levels of CO, implying a common binding site. Azide partially relieves the inhibitory effect, but other substrates and inhibitors (N2, C2H2, N2O, H2) have no effect. The other species present in cyanide solutions, HCN, was shown to be the substrate (Km = 4.5 mM at Av2/Av1 = 8), and extrapolation of the data indicates that at high enough HCN concentration H2 evolution can be eliminated. The products are methane plus ammonia (six electrons), and methylamine (four electrons). There is an excess (relative to methane) of ammonia formed, which, according to electron balance studies, may arise from a two-electron intermediate. Both nitrous oxide and acetylene (but not N2) influence the distribution of cyanide reduction products, implying simultaneous binding. HCN appears to bind to and be reduced at an enzyme state more oxidized than the one responsible for either H2 evolution or N2 reduction. PMID- 6982066 TI - Circadian variation of circulating levels of four placental proteins. PMID- 6982071 TI - Peculiar behaviour of rabbit thymocytes in interaction with liposomes of different compositions shown by fluorescence polarization studies, lipid analysis, and uptake of vesicle-entrapped carboxyfluorescein. AB - In order to obtain more information on membrane phenomena occurring at the cell surface of rabbit thymocytes we have performed experiments aimed at altering the lipid composition of the plasma membrane. Thymocytes were incubated at 37 degree C with phospholipid vesicles of different compositions. Vesicle-cell interaction was followed by measuring the degree of fluorescence polarization and the uptake of vesicle-entrapped carboxyfluorescein. Neutral and negatively charged liposomes prepared from egg phosphatidylcholine are currently used in investigations of vesicle-cell interaction. In this report we show that these liposomes do not interact with rabbit thymocytes as is evident from unaltered lipid fluidity measured in whole cells and in isolated plasma membranes. This was confirmed by experiments with vesicle-entrapped carboxyfluorescein showing hardly any uptake of the fluorophor from neutral and negatively charged egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Using both techniques substantial interaction was found with positively charged egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes and with liposomes prepared from soybean lecithin which is composed of a variety of phospholipids. The results of these experiments were supported by lipid analysis of cells treated with soybean lecithin liposomes. Increase in phosphatidylcholine contents of mixed phospholipid vesicles was further shown to result in decreased vesicle-cell interaction. From measurements of the quantity of carboxyfluorescein inside cells and the total amount of cell-associated carboxyfluorescein it is concluded that adsorption plays a prominent role in interaction between liposomes and rabbit lymphocytes. The grade of maturation of lymphocytes was also found to affect vesicle-cell interaction. The more mature thymocytes took up more vesicle entrapped carboxyfluorescein from soybean liposomes than immature thymocytes. Mesenteric lymph node cells exhibited a still stronger interaction. The role of vesicle and cell surface charge and membrane fluidity of both vesicles and cells in interaction between liposomes and rabbit thymocytes is discussed. PMID- 6982072 TI - Liposome-mediated delivery of ribosome inactivating proteins to cells in vitro. AB - This study describes the liposome-mediated delivery of toxins to a variety of cells in vitro. Gelonin, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis from Gelonium multiflorum, was delivered to the cytoplasm of TLX5 lymphoma cells most effectively by phosphatidylserine vesicles. These liposomes were also capable in inhibiting protein synthesis in XC (transformed rat fibroblasts) and phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated CBA mouse lymphocytes. Phosphatidylcholine liposomes had no capacity to deliver their contents to the cytoplasm, but the addition of cholesterol to the vesicle membrane resulted in an increased capacity. Delivery events were enhanced further by the addition of mixed bovine brain gangliosides to the membrane in the ratio 5:5:1 phosphatidylcholine/ cholesterol/gangliosides. The addition of cholesterol to phosphatidylserine vesicles failed to increase the inhibitory effects of the gelonin liposomes. The A chain of diphtheria toxin encapsulated in phosphatidylserine liposomes had no inhibitory effect on the level of protein synthesis in TLX5 or Daudi cells. PMID- 6982073 TI - Myosin light chain phosphorylation in frog heart. PMID- 6982074 TI - [Electro-osteo-stimulation 2. Stimulation technics and survey of clinical applications]. PMID- 6982078 TI - [Recovery of colchicine-blocked chemoreceptor reactions of the frog tongue as affected by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system]. AB - Under adequate stimulation of tongue chemoreceptors with feeds synchronous recording of the total afferent impulse activity of the glossal branches of Rana temporaria glossopharyngeal nerves was used to demonstrate the facilitation effect of electric stimulation of the I sympathetic ganglion on the receptor reactions in health and after treatment with colchicine provoking a considerable weakening of the reactions. The data are discussed in the light of the adaptation trophic effect of the sympathetic system at the level of molecular-metabolic intracellular processes. No poisoning effect of alkaloid on the sympathetic fibers has been recorded. PMID- 6982077 TI - Inhibition of active E rosette forming T lymphocytes by hyaluronic acid. Evidence of a receptor for hyaluronic acid on a lymphocyte subpopulation. AB - Previous studies have shown the inhibition of active E rosette forming T lymphocytes by a mesenchyme associated antigen. Recent results clearly indicated that this antigen consisted in the association of a glycoprotein named hyaluronectin with hyaluronic acid. Using the active E rosette technique of Wybran and Fudenberg, we have studied the action of hyaluronic acid on T lymphocytes. We obtained evidence of the partial inhibition of active E rosette formation by hyaluronic acid in 19 of 25 healthy subjects. Among them, inhibition percentage was 45 +/- 4. This inhibition remained significant at a concentration of 22.5 micrograms/ml hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid was labelled with peroxidase by the glutaraldehyde technique: 17 +/- 7% lymphocytes were stained by this preparation. The preincubation of peroxydase labelled hyaluronic acid by brain hyaluronectin lowered this staining. This is in agreement with the presence of hyaluronectin on a subpopulation of lymphocytes as it was shown by immunofluorescence techniques. In conclusion, a receptor for hyaluronic acid (hyaluronectin) was detected on a proportion of lymphocytes. These results suggest that hyaluronic acid could have an immunosuppressive activity. PMID- 6982075 TI - Role of the stromal cells in the regulation of granulopoiesis in long-term bone marrow culture: effects of conditioning medium on granulopoiesis "in vitro". AB - Mouse abdominal wall-conditioned medium contains a factor which stimulated granulocyte-monocyte colony formation. To elucidate the role of colony stimulating factor and the stromal microenvironment in long-term bone marrow cultures, effects of the conditioned medium on granulopoiesis were studied. Addition of the conditioned medium to the culture stimulated the maturation of stem cells (CFUs and GM-CFC) in suspension into granulocytes, leading to a rapid decline in the number of the stem cells. In contrast, stem cells trapped within the stromal microenvironment were protected from the direct effect of added conditioned medium. These results suggest that granulopoiesis is controlled by intercellular interactions with stromal cells and that exogenous factors act only on the stem cells outside the stromal microenvironment. PMID- 6982079 TI - [Effect of adenosine and adenine nucleotides on rat thymocyte blast transformation induced by concanavalin A]. AB - Studies on the action of adenine nucleotides on the Con A-induced blast transformation of rat thymocytes have shown that addition of milimolar concentrations of AMP and ADP to the cultural medium as well as that of adenosine produce an inhibitory effect on the reaction. Addition to the cells of adenosine deaminase almost completely abolishes this effect. Unlike the nucleotides, the suppressant effect of ATP on thymocyte proliferation is less pronounced and is not reversed by addition of adenosine deaminase. cAMP and ATP given in the concentrations sufficient for giving rise to the protein kinase reaction and ammonium ions (1 mM) have no effect on thymocyte blast transformation. The latter is appreciably suppressed by 1 mM pyrophosphate and almost completely by papaverine and curantyl. The nucleotides added to the thymocytes get dephosphorylated, however, extracellular adenosine is not accumulated during 80 minutes, its concentration being of the order of 10(-6) M. PMID- 6982076 TI - Chemotactic activity of synovial fluid under various rheumatic conditions. PMID- 6982081 TI - [Production of secondary T-killers]. AB - Restimulation of lymphocytes on the 8th day of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and cultivation on the monolayer of syngeneic macrophages are accompanied by an increase in the DNA synthesis, which rises negligibly within the first 24 hours, reaches maximum after 48 hours and then drops. After reexposition with alloantigen lytic activity of lymphocytes reaches the level of initial culture within the first 24 hours and in the 48-72 hours following increases 2-4-fold. On the 11th-12th days of MLC secondary T-killers transform to medium-size and small lymphocytes whose cytoplasm shows the signs of activation of the secretory apparatus on interaction with target-cells. It is assumed that secondary antigenic stimulus in vitro induces the differentiation of T-killers that correspond with immune lymphocytes isolated after immunization in vivo. PMID- 6982080 TI - [Detection of a differentiable antigen of activated T- and B-lymphocytes (AKA-1) in tumor cells]. AB - Antiserum to ACA-1 antigen (antigen of activated murine T and B cells) has cytotoxic activity against cells of murine tumors of lymphoid (EL-4) and non lymphoid origin (Sa-1, AG-22, MX-11). Cytotoxicity as regards tumor cells as well as normal activated T and B lymphocytes was reduced as a result of additional absorption of antiserum with cells of all the tumors tested (but not after absorption with intact lymphocytes or liver cells of intact mice). It is concluded that ACA-1 is present on the surface of actively proliferating tumor cells. ACA-1 is assumed to be an antigenic marker of cellular activation and proliferation. PMID- 6982082 TI - [Effect of polymethylene- and polyhydroxyethylene-bis-(2-amino-1,3-diazepinium) iodides on cell and model membranes]. AB - The effect of polymethylene- and polyoxyethylene-bis-(2-amino-1, 3-diazepinium) iodides on the membranes of neuromuscular synapsis and mitochondria as on the artificial membranes was studied. The compounds examined were shown to change the amplitude and kinetics of postsynaptic membrane responses to acetylcholine. Inhibition of end plate potentials and oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria with different derivatives of diazepinium correlated with changes in the surface potential of the artificial phospholipid membrane. It is concluded that the derivatives of diazepinium directly interact with ionic channels of the acetylcholine-activated postsynaptic membrane. PMID- 6982083 TI - [Distribution of functionally differing cells in immunocompetent organs on haloperidol administration]. AB - Haloperidol blockade of the dopaminergic system entails redistribution of functionally different cells. Suppressors of IgM and IgG response migrate, respectively, from the spleen and lymph nodes to the bone marrow whose cell transfer leads to inhibition of immune response. The data obtained indicate common regularities in cell distribution under blockade of the dopaminergic and activation of serotoninergic systems. Therefore, at the basis of inhibition of immunogenesis there lie monotypic processes of suppressor cell migration whatever the system responsible for it. PMID- 6982084 TI - Multimeric structure of platelet factor VIII/von Willebrand factor: the presence of larger multimers and their reassociation with thrombin-stimulated platelets. AB - The multimeric structure of platelet factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF) in cell extracts and in collagen and thrombin releasates has been analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by detection with 125I-anti-FVIII/vWF. Platelets contained larger multimers than those normally present in plasma. When secreted FVIII/vWF was analyzed, all platelets. In contrast, in thrombin releasates the larger multimers were lost in a manner dependent on divalent cations, time, and thrombin dose. This loss could not be accounted for by modification of FVIII/vWF by thrombin or platelet enzymes since no effect of thrombin on the multimeric structure of FVIII/vWF in the absence of platelets or in the presence of platelet lysates was observed. Large multimers of 125I-labeled purified FVIII/vWF underwent divalent cation-dependent association with platelets in the presence of thrombin, indicating that the loss of FVIII/vWF from thrombin releasates was due to reassociation with the platelet. These studies show a structural difference between platelet and plasma FVIII/vWF that suggests a specific role for platelet FVIII/vWF in hemostasis. PMID- 6982085 TI - Modified LSA2-L2 treatment in 53 children with E-rosette-positive T-cell leukemia: results and prognostic factors (a Pediatric Oncology Group Study). AB - In an attempt to improve the poor outlook for children with T-cell leukemia (T ALL), the Southwest Oncology Group, Pediatric Division, used a modified LSA2-L2 multidrug regimen to treat 53 patients with E-rosette-positive T-ALL. This regimen was chosen because of its demonstrated efficacy in T-cell (mediastinal) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Complete remission (CR) rate was 88%. Range of follow-up for those patients remaining in CR is 24-49 mo (median 39 mo). Life table analysis estimates that 40% (SE 8.3%) of all patients who started induction therapy will remain failure-free at 3 yr. For patients achieving CR, 46% (SE 9%) are projected to remain in both marrow and extramedullary CR at 3 yr. Median failure-free duration was 13 mo, but only 1 patient has relapsed beyond 16 mo. Twenty-nine percent of initial relapses were isolated CNS relapses. The following presenting factors did not relate significantly to outcome: hemoglobin, platelet count, uric acid, race, and mediastinal mass. Age greater than 10 yr was a poor prognosis indicator only in the less than 50,000/microliter WBC group. Sex was not a significant factor after adjusting for WBC. WBC was the most important prognostic factor: 19% (SE 8%) of patients with WBC greater than 50,000/microliter are projected to remain failure-free at 3 yr as compared to 67% (SE 11%) of patients with WBC less than 50,000/microliter. Although the overall results are better than those previously reported for pediatric patients with T ALL, the long-term failure-free rate remains low for patients presenting with greater than 50,000/microliter WBC. PMID- 6982086 TI - Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura: a syndrome of diverse etiologies. AB - The possible pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the production of acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (AATP) were investigated in a group of patients with this disorder. Absence of megakaryocytes and small platelet glycoprotein-bearing mononuclear cells, as determined by immunochemical staining of patient marrows with an antisera to platelet glycoproteins, suggested that the defect in AATP occurs in an early progenitor cell of the megakaryocytic lineage. Using an in vitro clonal assay system for negakaryocytic progenitor cells or megakaryocyte colony-forming units (CFU-M), the proliferative capacity of AATP marrow cells was then assessed. Bone marrow cells from three of four patients formed virtually no megakaryocyte colonies, suggesting that in these individuals the AATP was due to an intrinsic defect in the CFU-M. Bone marrow cells from an additional patient, however, formed 12% of the normal numbers of colonies, providing evidence for at least partial integrity of the CFU-M compartment in this patient. Serum specimens from all six patients were screened for their capacity to alter in vitro megakaryocyte colony formation. Five of six sera enhanced colony formation in a stepwise fashion, demonstrating appropriately elevated levels of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity. The serum of the patient with partial integrity of the CFU-M compartment, however, stimulated colony formation only at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, this patient's serum actually inhibited the number of colonies cloned, suggesting the presence of a humoral inhibitor to CFU-M. Serum samples from all patients were further screened for such humoral inhibitors of megakaryocyte colony formation using a cytotoxicity assay. The patient whose serum was inhibitory to CFU-M at high concentrations was indeed found to have a complement-dependent serum IgG inhibitor that was cytotoxic to allogeneic and autologous marrow CFU-M but did not alter erythroid colony formation. These-studies suggest that AATP can be due to at least two mechanisms: either an intrinsic effect at the level of the CFU-M or a circulating cytotoxic autoantibody directed against the CFU-M. PMID- 6982087 TI - Impaired T-cell and NK-cell function in patients with preleukemia. AB - The responses to the T-cell mitogens Phythemagglutinin (PHA) and Concanavalin A (Con A) and the natural killer (NK) cell activity are tested in patients with preleukemia (PL). The results are compared with those of healthy controls. The PL patients show low responses to T-cell mitogens and low NK cell activities. It is discussed that the data are not of prognostic value in PL as to development of overt leukemia. However, the results suggest that PL impaired cell functions are not limited to erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis but are also found in the immune system. PMID- 6982088 TI - Remission induction in a patient with severe aplastic anemia and renal failure by immunosuppressive treatment including antithymocyte globulin. PMID- 6982089 TI - Immunologic studies in juvenile arthritis. PMID- 6982091 TI - Comparison of the vasodilator action of dopamine and dopamine agonists in the renal and coronary beds of the dog. AB - 1 The effects of dopamine and the dopamine receptor agonists, SK&F 38393 and bromocriptine, on renal and coronary blood flow in the anaesthetized dog were examined. Dopamine was found to dilate both vascular beds, whereas SK&F 38393 increased renal blood flow but did not have any dilator activity in the coronary vasculature. Bromocriptine did not cause vasodilatation in either vascular bed. 2 The vasodilator responses to dopamine and SK&F 38393 were significantly reduced by the dopamine receptor antagonists, ergometrine or metoclopramide. 3 It is proposed that the selective action of SK&F 38393 on the renal vasculature suggests that the dopamine receptors of the renal and coronary vascular beds may be of different types. PMID- 6982092 TI - Presynaptic muscarinic receptors inhibiting active acetylcholine release in the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion. AB - 1 The effects of bethanechol and atropine on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from bullfrog sympathetic preganglionic nerve terminals were examined electrophysiologically. 2 Bethanechol (1 mM) caused no depolarization of sympathetic preganglionic nerve terminals, whereas carbachol or ACh in the same concentration induced marked depolarizations of these terminals. 3 Bethanechol (10 microM) depressed the amplitude of fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (e.p.s.ps) recorded in Ca2+-high Mg2+ solution, without depolarizing ganglion cells. The quantal content measured from these fast e.p.s.ps by the variance method showed a significant reduction. 4 Amplitudes of both miniature e.p.s.ps and ACh-potentials induced by iontophoresis of ACh were not affected by addition of bethanechol (10 microM). 5 The depressant effect of bethanechol (10 microM) on fast e.ps.ps disappeared in the presence of atropine (3 microM). 6 Atropine (3 microM) increased the quantal content measured from fast e.p.s.ps recorded in low Ca2+-high Mg2+ solution. 7 The depressant effect of bethanechol (10 microM) on fast e.p.s.ps was unaffected by alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents (phenoxybenzamine (10 microM) or phentolamine (10 microM). 8 These results suggest that presynaptic nerve terminals in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia possess a muscarinic receptor which inhibits active release of ACh. PMID- 6982090 TI - A pharmacological analysis of the hyperactivity syndrome induced by beta phenylethylamine in the mouse. AB - 1 The effects of the putative 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists, methysergide, mianserin and methergoline, the dopamine receptor antagonists, haloperidol, thioridazine and clozapine, and the noradrenaline (NA) receptor antagonists, phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol on the behavioural responses of mice to beta-phenylethylamine (PEA, 75 mg/kg) have been examined.2 PEA produced a syndrome consisting of three distinct phases. The brief initial phase (0-5 min after injection) which consisted of forward walking, sniffing and headweaving, was succeeded by a locomotor depressant phase (5-20 min after injection) which consisted of abortive grooming, headweaving, splayed hindlimbs, forepaw padding, sniffing and hyperreactivity, and a late locomotor stimulant phase (20-35 min after injection), which was characterized by forward walking, sniffing, hyperreactivity, rearing and licking.3 Methysergide, mianserin, methergoline, clozapine and propranolol inhibited headweaving and splayed hindlimbs, whereas haloperidol, thioridazine, phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine had no effect on these responses. Forepaw padding was strongly inhibited by methergoline and a high dose of mianserin, and weakly antagonized by methysergide, clozapine, haloperidol and thioridazine. In contrast, padding was mildly potentiated by phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine but strongly potentiated by propranolol. It is proposed that headweaving and splayed hindlimbs are 5-HT mediated responses whereas forepaw padding also involves 5-HT mechanisms but may be partially due to release of tryptamine.4 Rearing and licking were inhibited by haloperidol (most strongly), thioridazine and clozapine but potentiated by mianserin, methysergide, propranolol, phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine. Methergoline inhibited licking without affecting rearing. It is suggested that PEA-induced rearing and licking are produced by activation of dopaminergic neurones and inhibited by 5-HT or NA stimulation.5 Phenoxybenzamine inhibited sniffing and produced backward walking when administered prior to PEA, suggesting mediation by NA of sniffing and an inhibitory influence of NA on backward walking.6 Clozapine and thioridazine were the most effective antagonists of hyperreactivity and it is proposed that this response is dopamine-mediated. Forward walking was inhibited by high doses of haloperidol or clozapine and potentiated by methergoline, mianserin or methysergide, suggesting that hyperactivity may also be mediated by dopamine but subject to 5-HT inhibition.7 Abortive grooming was the dominant behavioural component observed after PEA administration and was prevented by all of the antagonists tested which suggests that catecholamine and 5-HT mechanisms may be involved in the expression of this response.8 Since PEA is an endogenous compound in animals and man, and has been claimed to be present in abnormal amounts in some schizophrenics, PEA-induced behavioural stimulation in mice (which includes the postulated hallucinogenic responses of abortive grooming and backward walking) may be a useful animal model of psychosis. PMID- 6982093 TI - The clinical significance of gastric acid secretion in bilharzial hepatic fibrosis. PMID- 6982094 TI - Parastomal haemorrhage from an ileal conduit secondary to portal hypertension. PMID- 6982095 TI - Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibody to Trichomonas vaginalis in sera and vaginal secretions. AB - Using a whole-cell antigen antibody to Trichomonas vaginalis was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG antibody was found in sera from only three of 99 children under 12 years of age. In contrast, serum IgG or IgM antibody or both were detected in 80.4% of women who had vaginal trichomoniasis and in 13.7% of uninfected women. Although antibody was found in cervical and vaginal secretions, the correlation between current infection and the presence of antibody was poorer than found between circulating antibody and infection. IgG or IgA antibody or both was detected in the secretions of 73.2% and 41% of infected and uninfected women respectively. This may be accounted for, at least partly, by previous infections since antibody, circulating or local, was found most often in women who had a history of trichomoniasis. There was no indication that some other vaginal micro-organism stimulated antibody directed against T vaginalis. PMID- 6982096 TI - The effect of a benzodiazepine, flurazepam, on the response of in vitro skeletal muscle preparations to muscle relaxants: are purines or their receptors involved? AB - Changing trends in the use of anxiolytic agents and recent reassessment of their neuropharmacological activity has prompted this evaluation of the peripheral neuromuscular activity of the benzodiazepine, flurazepam. In previous reports we have documented peripheral neuromuscular activity of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam on the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. The water soluble benzodiazepine, flurazepam, has been studied on the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm and frog rectus abdominis in vitro. On the former preparation flurazepam enhanced and then blocked the response to indirect electrical stimulation (0.2 Hz) and readily blocked posttetanic potentiation and prevented the preparation from sustaining a tetanic contracture (30 Hz). On the later preparation, flurazepam blocked in a noncompetitive manner the response of the frog muscle to applied cholinergic agonists. Studies on the rat preparation with the neuromuscular blocking drug succinylcholine have shown an unexpected protection against blockade in preparations pretreated with low concentrations of flurazepam. This was not observed when flurazepam was given prior to d-tubocurarine. The application of adenosine to rat diaphragms during steady-state partial blockade caused by flurazepam or d-tubocurarine showed an inhibiting action of adenosine which was reversed by theophylline. Pretreatment of rat preparations with dipyridamole significantly enhanced the blocking action of standard concentrations of succinylcholine. These results, along with those in the literature, encourage a reassessment of the action of purines and benzodiazepines on skeletal muscle and encourage a consideration of a possible involvement of purinergic neuromodulation of transmission which is unmasked when the safety factor for transmission is altered by muscle relaxants. The possible clinical significance of protection against succinylcholine by benzodiazepines is noted. PMID- 6982097 TI - Phase I study of high-dose methotrexate with thymidine and low-dose leucovorin. AB - A total of 15 patients with advanced neoplastic disease, 13 with different solid tumors, one with lymphoma, and one with acute lymphocytic leukemia, underwent treatment consisting of continuous infusion of methotrexate (2 g/sq m/day) with concomitant thymidine (8 g/sq m/day) and leucovorin (1 mg/sq m/day). The dose of methotrexate was increased progressively by lengthening the methotrexate infusion from 2 to 7 days. After cessation of methotrexate infusion, thymidine and leucovorin were continued until the plasma level of methotrexate decreased to 2 X 10(-8) M. Toxicity was mucositis (23 of 27 evaluable courses), leukopenia (15 of 26 evaluable courses), thrombocytopenia (10 of 26 evaluable courses), renal and hepatic toxicity and diarrhea. Plateau levels of plasma methotrexate or methotrexate plasma half-life did not correlate with toxicity. PMID- 6982100 TI - Autoantibodies predicting death due to cardiovascular disease. AB - A randomly sampled population aged from 25 to 59 years and examined in 1972 was monitored for 5 years. During that period, 126 deaths from cardiovascular causes occurred among subjects with no recent history of major cardiovascular diseases. A control matched for age, sex and the conventional cardiovascular risk factors was assigned to each of the deceased subjects from the same population at risk. Rheumatoid factors or antinuclear antibodies as determined from the baseline specimens were found among 21 of the deceased (20 in the discordant pairs), but only in 7 controls (6 in the discordant pairs). This corresponds to a relative risk of death due to cardiovascular causes of 3.3 (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6982099 TI - Treatment of advanced colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas with 5-FU combined with high-dose folinic acid: a pilot study. PMID- 6982098 TI - Human prostate androgen receptor quantitation: effects of temperature on assay parameters. AB - When cytoplasmic extracts of human prostatic tissues were split to permit quantitation of total androgen receptor (RCT) content by saturation analysis at 15 degrees and 2 degrees, we observed that 30% (10 of 32) of the specimens yielded statistically increased values for RCT following incubation at 15 degrees as compared to 2 degrees. Considering only those specimens (13 of 32) showing statistically differentiated RCT yield, 77% (10 of 13) yielded greater RCT content following incubation at 15 degrees. The families of association constants (Ka) obtained for RCT determinations at 2 degrees and 15 degrees were not statistically differentiated. The increased yield of RCT content determined at 15 degrees was 95% (mean) and 20 to 350% (range). Nuclear androgen receptor content determined at 15 degrees was greater for 25% (2 of 8) of the patient specimens when compared to split determinations performed at 2 degrees. Incubation of nuclear extracts at 15 degrees resulted in a significant 3-fold reduction in receptor Ka for methyltrienolone (R1881). This did not appear to affect assay precision. These studies showed that incubation at 15 degrees is preferable to incubation at 2 degrees for quantitation of RCT and nuclear androgen receptor content by saturation analysis. Single saturating dose determinations of RCT consistently yielded underestimates. The extent of underestimate was variable from specimen to specimen and was both ligand concentration and assay temperature dependent. Our data suggest that results of single saturating dose determinations of RCT require cautious interpretation. PMID- 6982102 TI - Interobserver variability in interpreting contrast left ventriculograms (CASS). AB - Randomly selected left ventricular cineangiograms performed by 14 medical centers (clinical sites) participating in a large multicenter study of medical and surgical treatment of coronary artery disease (CASS) were systematically recalled and reread by one of four designated quality control centers. The end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) calculated by the quality control center were compared with those calculated by the clinical site, and correlation coefficients of 0.71, 0.84, and 0.79, respectively, were obtained. Regional left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities were assessed by dividing the LV wall as viewed in the right anterior oblique (RAO) and left anterior oblique (LAO) views into five segments each and grading the motion of each segment according to six categories of increasing abnormalities from normal to aneurysm. When discrepancies based on "nearest neighbor" differences in naming adjacent segments were eliminated and only marked differences of more than one degree of severity of wall motion abnormality were considered, interobserver differences were 7% and 10% for RAO and LAO segments, respectively. Agreement was less frequent in designating a segment "aneurysmal." When each LV segment was assigned a numerical score based on increasing severity of wall motion abnormality and a total LV score for each ventriculogram computed, the quality control and clinical site readings were in good agreement with a correlation coefficient of 0.83. PMID- 6982101 TI - Autoradiographic observations on the incorporation of amino acids into oesophageal, gastric and pancreatic glands in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. AB - The uptake and incorporation of L-3H-leucine and L-3H-serine in the oesophageal, gastric and pancreatic exocrine glands of Rana pipiens was examined using light microscopic autoradiographic techniques. At 1/2 h, 1 1/2 h and 3 h following injections of amino acids, silver grains are observed over the basal region of the cells comprising the glands. At 6 h after injection, silver grains occur over the apical region of the cells and by 24 h the grains can be observed over the cytoplasm of the cells adjacent to the lumen of the glands, collecting ducts, oesophagus and stomach. These observations indicate that the amino acids are being incorporated into proteins that are then discharged into the lumen of the pancreatic ducts, oesophagus and stomach. The secretory picture observed in the oesophageal glands closely resembles that of the gastric glands. This autoradiographic study supports the suggestion that the two glands are homologous and that they both secrete pepsinogen granules. PMID- 6982103 TI - B-lymphocyte responses to trinitrophenyl-ficoll. II. Decreased splenic adherent cell function in mice expressing the xid gene. PMID- 6982104 TI - T-cell sets that control B-cell secretion of antigen-specific immunoglobulin also control secretion of nonspecific immunoglobulin. PMID- 6982105 TI - A cell-surface antigen shared by B cells and Ly2+ peripheral T cells. PMID- 6982106 TI - Vascular endothelium as a major participant in T-lymphocyte immunity. PMID- 6982107 TI - [Antiphlogistic, antipyretic and toxicological properties of carboxylate-copper compounds]. PMID- 6982108 TI - [Detection of T-lymphocytes using the rosette test in women with chronic adnexal inflammations]. PMID- 6982109 TI - [Focal brain ischemia. I. Reactivity of the vestibular apparatus]. PMID- 6982110 TI - [Familial coexistence of dyschromatopsia and tapetoretinal degeneration]. PMID- 6982111 TI - [Electron microscopic study of cutaneous melanocytes in inflammatory involvement of pigmented eye structures]. PMID- 6982114 TI - Ultrasonic imaging of the coronary arteries in open-chest humans: evaluation of coronary atherosclerotic lesions during cardiac surgery. AB - We explored techniques that would allow the surgeon to localize coronary artery lesions demonstrated angiographically or to supplement angiographic information in patients who are undergoing coronary artery bypass procedures by intraoperative scanning of the coronary arteries using ultrasound. A 9-MHz electronically focused water-path ultrasound scanner was first used to image the coronary arteries in three anesthetized, open-chest sheep. In a subsequent study, 10 human subjects undergoing cardiac surgery for valve replacement who had normal coronary angiograms were scanned during heart surgery to provide images of normal coronary arteries. The ultrasound probe was sterilized with gas and placed directly on the beating heart by the surgeon. In the third phase of this study, 21 patients with coronary artery disease were scanned and the ultrasonic appearance of their imaged coronary lesions was compared to independently interpreted angiographic estimates of percent obstruction, with close correlation (r = 0.91). The ultrasound scan could be used to identify lesions in vessels beyond proximal occlusions, which are not visualized well angiographically, and could localize the site of lesions to determine placement of saphenous vein bypass grafts. This new technique may provide a method for evaluating coronary atherosclerotic lesions during coronary artery surgery and aid decisions regarding placement of saphenous vein grafts. PMID- 6982115 TI - Epicardial mapping of segmental myocardial function: an echocardiographic method applicable in man. AB - A technique for epicardial mapping of segmental myocardial function at multiple sites over both right and left ventricles was developed using a high-resolution, 7.5-MHz, short-focus, miniaturized, M-mode echocardiographic transducer worn on the fingertip. Myocardial function was determined from the extent and time course of systolic thickening and diastolic thinning at each site mapped. The technique was characterized in an open-chest canine model of myocardial ischemia. Ischemia was induced by transient or permanent coronary occlusion in 17 dogs. Acute occlusions produced reduced segmental thickening within 10-15 seconds and, often, overt systolic thinning of ischemic myocardium. Rhodamine fluorescence perfusion maps were compared with echocardiographic maps in nine dogs. Segmental thickening was reduced in perfused segments adjacent to, but not involved by, ischemia, as well as ischemic segments. Reproducibility appeared satisfactory for quantitative analysis of grouped data on multiple segments, and qualitative analysis in individual segments. Initial human studies performed during coronary bypass surgery in 11 subjects showed echocardiographic abnormalities in the six patients with ventriculographic abnormalities and in four with normal ventriculograms. Transmural infarctions were akinetic, showing no change in thickness throughout the cardiac cycle. Hypokinetic segments distal to high-grade coronary stenosis were common, although most segments distal to stenosis contracted normally. Reversal of segmental contraction abnormalities by coronary bypass grafting was shown in three subjects, while worsening of function was seen in previously abnormal segments in two and in a previously normal segment in one subject. Epicardial echocardiographic mapping is a practical method for intraoperative assessment of myocardial function during coronary surgery in man that may enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary disease and the effects of coronary surgery. PMID- 6982112 TI - Accuracy of serial myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with thallium-201 for prediction of graft patency early and late after coronary artery bypass surgery. A controlled prospective study. AB - To assess the accuracy of serial myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with thallium 201 (201Tl) to predict graft patency early and late coronary artery bypass surgery, rest and exercise 201Tl and coronary arteriography were performed preoperatively and 2 weeks and 1 year after operation. The scintigraphic results were compared with graft patency, symptoms, left ventricular function and physical work capacity in a consecutive series of 55 patients with a total of 154 grafts. Serial 201Tl had an 80% sensitivity, 88% specificity and 86% overall accuracy in detecting or excluding graft occlusion, which was predicted by reversible ischemia as well as persistent "new scar" segments. Occluded grafts were correctly localized by 201Tl scintigraphy in 61%. Postoperative apical 201Tl defects were frequent (two-thirds of cases), and were the result of intraoperative transapical venting of the left ventricle. After coronary bypass graft surgery, ejection fraction at rest was unchanged. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure and physical work capacity improved significantly. In the presence of new perfusion defects detected postoperatively, physical work capacity was reduced significantly. New 201Tl defects in addition to typical or atypical angina provided a high probability of graft occlusion, while in the absence of new 201Tl defects all grafts were patent in more than 90% of patients, all of whom had no or only atypical chest pain. We conclude that serial 201Tl imaging after coronary artery bypass surgery is an accurate noninvasive method that can be used routinely to assess graft function, to localize spatially occluded grafts and to identify patients with a high likelihood of graft occlusion who may need invasive studies. PMID- 6982113 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of segmental left ventricular wall motion before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Twenty patients with coronary artery disease were studied with two-dimensional echocardiography the day before saphenous vein bypass graft surgery. Serial studies were obtained 7.4 +/- 2.5 (+/- SD) and 43.4 +/- 13.1 days postoperatively to qualitatively assess the effect of bypass surgery on regional wall motion. Changes in segmental wall motion were assessed semiquantitatively by assigning a segmental wall motion score to each of nine echocardiographically defined segments. Preoperatively, 18% of the segments moved abnormally. The mean overall segmental wall motion score did not change significantly, as shown by comparing the postoperative studies with the preoperative study. However, there was a significant worsening in the septal motion (apical and basal) and a significant improvement in posterior wall motion (apical and basal) after bypass surgery. Anterior and lateral wall motion were not significantly changed. Nonseptal segments that were normal preoperatively usually remained normal; abnormal nonseptal segments usually improved or were unchanged by surgery. The motion of septal segments, however, generally worsened postoperatively whether they were normal or abnormal preoperatively. We conclude that segmental wall motion assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography may improve after revascularization surgery, but the interventricular septum shows impaired motion. This effect of coronary artery bypass on wall motion is better demonstrated relatively late after operation than early in the postoperative course, as has been done in some previous studies. PMID- 6982117 TI - Technology assessment forum on coronary artery bypass surgery: economic, ethical and social issues. PMID- 6982116 TI - Estimation of infarct size by myocardial emission computed tomography with thallium-201 and its relation to creatine kinase-MB release after myocardial infarction in man. AB - We evaluated emission computed tomography (ECT) for thallium-201 (201TI) myocardial imaging in estimating infarct size (IS). In 18 patients in whom IS was estimated enzymatically at the time of the acute episode, planar 201TI perfusion scintigraphy and ECT with a rotating gamma camera were performed 4 weeks after the first myocardial infarction. From the size of 201TI perfusion defects, the infarct area in planar images and the infarct volume in reconstructed ECT images were measured by computerized planimetry. When scintigraphic IS was compared with the accumulated creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme release (CK-MBr), infarct volume determined from ECT correlated closely with CK-MBr (r = 0.89), whereas infarct area measured from planar images correlated less satisfactorily with the enzymatic IS (for an average infarct area from three views, r = 0.69; for the largest infarct area, r = 0.73). Although conventional scintigraphic evaluation is useful for detecting and localizing infarction, quantification of ischemic injury with this two-dimensional technique has a significant inherent limitation. The ECT approach can provide a more accurate three-dimensional quantitative estimate of infarction, and can corroborate the enzymatic estimate of IS. PMID- 6982119 TI - Appendix: a primer on coronary artery disease and surgery. PMID- 6982118 TI - Technology Assessment Forum on coronary artery bypass surgery: introduction. PMID- 6982120 TI - Psychological and behavioral responses after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - One hundred consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center from December 1972 through February 1975 were evaluated at surgery and then followed for as long as 4 1/2 years to study their postoperative psychosocial and behavioral course. One patient died during the first 30 days. At 4 1/2 years, 23 patients were reported as deceased, 15 from cardiac causes. The majority of the long-term survivors had substantially less angina and greater exercise capacity; surgery did not increase the number of patients who were employed, but led to substantial improvements in the quality of life, including general pleasure, reduction of anxiety and depression and subjective improvement in job and family roles. Sexual adjustment improved the least; the frequency of sexual relations tended to decrease. Compliance with the medical regimen was relatively good for smoking and exercise, but not for diet or type A behavior, suggesting a need for psychological intervention. PMID- 6982121 TI - On the quality of life: some philosophical reflections. AB - Quality of life, as a concept pertaining to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, is explored. A theory of life quality, based on the capacity of the patient to realize his own life plans, is proposed, explaining the role of differing factors, general and individualized. Using the proposed theory, three avenues of investigation are suggested, each aimed at the more effective use of surgery in improving life quality. PMID- 6982122 TI - Technology Assessment Forum on coronary artery bypass surgery. An overview of issues. PMID- 6982124 TI - Responsibility and accountability in provider-patient relationships. AB - Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is no longer an experimental procedure. Nevertheless, much remains controversial about it. From the legal perspective, general principles of accountability and responsibility apply readily to the CABG context. Issues concerning the proper standard of care and the obligation to obtain informed consent, generic problems in the law of medical malpractice, have direct application to CABG. Similarly, there are reasonably standard questions of accountability for individual practitioners and institutional providers. Although the application of general principles of accountability to CABG will undoubtedly raise interesting nuances, the law of medical malpractice appears to be sufficiently developed to encompass the specific issues of CABG within its structure. PMID- 6982123 TI - Strategies for improving the work status of patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Postoperative work status was evaluated by follow-up questionnaire in 326 men who underwent coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG) between September 1969 and December 1972 (mean follow-up 30 months) and in 1217 men younger than age 60 years operated upon between January 1973 and June 1978 (mean follow-up 36 months). Work status was also assessed 1 year after operation in 59 men younger than age 60 years enrolled in a pilot rehabilitation program between November 1978 and March 1980 and in 62 comparable patients who underwent CABG during the same period but did not participate in the program. The percentage of patients working at completion of follow-up was 58% in the first survey, 61% in the second survey, 86% in the pilot study and 82% in the control group. The percentages of patients who resumed work during follow-up were 69%, 76%, 92% and 89% in the respective groups. This improvement was related primarily to a shorter period of preoperative unemployment; the percentage of patients operated on after less than 3 months of inactivity increased from 20% between 1969 and 1972, to 50% between 1973 and 1978, to 84% in 1979-1980. The prognosis for return to work was influenced, in order of predictive value, by the length of preoperative unemployment, type of physical activity in preoperative occupation, noncardiovascular illness, education, anginal class and duration of symptoms. Of patients with a good or excellent preoperative prognosis, 94% were working 1 year after CABG. We conclude that the working status of patients after CABG is excellent in subgroups with preoperative unemployment of 3 months or less and in a socioeconomic level above poverty; application of an individualized postoperative rehabilitation program should be limited to patients whose prognosis for return to work is poor according to the above predictive factors and the psychosocial evaluation. PMID- 6982125 TI - Determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in plasma by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. AB - This gas-chromatographic method for assay of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human plasma involves extraction of the drugs and use of a 63Ni electron-capture detector. The linear range of detection is 25 to 800 micrograms/L for each drug. Overall precision (CV) in the concentration range of 10 to 100 micrograms/L for both drugs was approximately 10%. Accuracy (relative error) in the same concentration range was approximately +10%. None of the commonly prescribed antidepressants or tranquilizers that we tested interfere with the assay. PMID- 6982127 TI - Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone in patients with femoral neck fracture in southern Finland. AB - Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined in elderly patients with fracture of the femoral neck and in age-matched controls during summer, winter and early spring in southern Finland. The expected seasonal variation in 25-OHD values was observed in both patients and controls, though the patient group had significantly lower values during winter (P less than 0.02) and spring (P less than 0.01). The 24,25(OH)2D:25-OHD ratio remained constant in both patients and controls throughout the study. A significant negative correlation between PTH and 25-OHD values was found in the patient group. Thus, vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the high incidence of femoral neck fractures in elderly people, and the increased PTH activity, observed in many patients with these fractures, is secondary to vitamin D deficiency. PMID- 6982128 TI - Immunological parameters in the aged and in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Peripheral blood from patients with Alzheimer's disease, elderly normal subjects and young (normal subjects) was examined with respect to leucocyte phenotypes and proliferative responses to lectins. Whole blood cell analysis showed that the neutrophil count was similar in all three groups. However, the lymphocyte count was depressed in the Alzheimer group. The monocyte count was reduced in the healthy aged and further reduced in the Alzheimer group. Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed no change in the proportion of E+ cells, total T determined with the monoclonal antibody UCHT1 (similar to OKT3) and the T cell subsets: active E and T dot (discrete esterase staining). However, the proportion of T cells bearing the antigen detected by UCHT3 monoclonal antibody (similar to Leu 1 and OKT1) was reduced in the healthy aged and further reduced in the Alzheimer group. Proliferative responses to PHA, Con A, PA, and PWM were similarly depressed in both the aged and Alzheimer groups. PMID- 6982126 TI - A simple and sensitive assay for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human serum. AB - An improved method is described which permits the simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D], 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D] and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] in milliliters of human serum. Methodological improvements enabled a rapid and almost complete extraction of the three metabolites from serum and omission of adding labeled internal standards to each serum sample for the calculation of individual recoveries. Commercially available stable chick embryo intestinal mucosa cytosol preparation made the troublesome preparation of cytosol receptor for 1,25-(OH)2D unnecessary. The procedure involves saturation of serum with ammonium carbonate and extraction with methanol/ethyl acetate, followed by separation of 25-(OH) D from the dihydroxy metabolites of vitamin D by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and further separation of the dihydroxy metabolites into 24,25-(OH)2D and 1,25-(OH)2D by high pressure liquid chromatography. This is followed by individual determination of each metabolite by competitive protein-binding assay or radioreceptor assay. PMID- 6982129 TI - Imbalance of T cell subpopulations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of the B cell type. AB - T cell enriched mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood of 20 patients with histologically and immunologically defined chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of the B cell type (B-CLL) and 20 healthy individuals of various ages were investigated with T cell-specific monoclonal antibodies (OKT 4 and OKT 8) with regard to their subpopulation distribution. In B-CLL, a significant increase of lymphocytes reacting with OKT 8 could be demonstrated. Whereas there was a ratio of OKT 4 to OKT 8 of 1 X 72 in the control group, an OKT 4 to OKT 8 ratio of 0 X 67 was found in the B-CLL as a whole. With increasing clinical stage in accordance with the Rai scheme (Rai et al., 1975), a further displacement of this ratio in favour of OKT 8 positive cells was found. These results clearly show that, in peripheral blood of patients with B-CLL, an abnormal distribution pattern of circulating T cell subpopulations is present and that this also has prognostic relevance. PMID- 6982130 TI - In vitro production of IgE by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. IV. Modulation by allergen of the spontaneous IgE antibody biosynthesis. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from a proportion of grass-sensitive patients, studied during or immediately after the grass pollination period, showed spontaneous production in vitro of grass-specific IgE antibody, whereas PBL from atopic patients sensitive to allergens other than grass pollens or non-atopic individuals did not. Pre-incubation of IgE antibody producing PBL from grass sensitive patients with minute amounts of a mixed grass pollen (MGP) extract or Rye grass antigen Group I (Rye I) usually resulted in a reduction of the spontaneous production in vitro of IgE protein and in a marked inhibition of the spontaneous production in vitro of grass-specific IgE antibody. This antigen specific inhibition was not mediated by T lymphocytes, but it was apparently due to a signal directly delivered by antigen to the spontaneously IgE antibody producing cells. The results support the concept that the activity of cells responsible for the persistent IgE antibody formation in vitro in atopic patients can be modulated by antigen. PMID- 6982132 TI - Isolation of human monocytes by rosetting with antibody coated human erythrocytes and isopycnic gradient centrifugation. AB - Human erythrocytes O,Rh+ (D) coated with hyperimmune human anti-serum formed rosettes primarily with monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell suspensions. The rosetting cells (EAhu-FRC), separated on a Lymphoprep gradient were found in the pellet and were up to 95% pure monocytes as judged by cytochemical criteria. A two step procedure involving depletion of T lymphocytes followed by the isolation of EAhu-RFC yielded monocytes up to 98% pure. The isolated cells did not respond to mitogens in vitro, but they act as accessory cells in mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation. This simple method may be useful in studying monocyte function in human disease as it does not require a large amount of blood. PMID- 6982131 TI - Carbamylcholine modulation of E-rosette formation. Effect of plasmapheresis in myasthenia gravis. AB - Myasthenia gravis may result from a reduction of available acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, likely secondary to the presence of anti acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Since T lymphocytes appear to carry a similar nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, we investigated the capacity of T cells from patients with myasthenia gravis to bind sheep erythrocytes. In addition we determined the effect of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, on E-rosette formation, and the role of myasthenic serum in modulating these responses. Two groups of patients were identified; one with normal numbers of E-rosettes forming cells (E-RFC) and the other with significantly reduced numbers. The majority of patients with myasthenia had a reduced number of carbachol-sensitive T cells. Incubation of their serum (or the IgG fraction) with normal T cells led to a reduction in numbers of E-RFC, particularly of the carbachol-sensitive subset. These effects were blocked by d-tubocurarine and not by atropine. Following plasmapheresis, normal numbers of E-RFC were detected in the patients and the serum inhibitory activity was no longer detected. The data suggest that in parallel to the achievement of some degree of clinical improvement, plasmapheresis may restore some aspects of lymphocyte function. PMID- 6982133 TI - Cold-reactive lymphocytotoxins in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. I. Incidence and characterization. AB - The incidence of cold-reactive lymphocytotoxins in the serum of patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis has been investigated. Twenty-seven percent of patients with Crohn's disease and twenty-two percent of those with ulcerative colitis had circulating lymphocytotoxins. This is significantly higher than the 4% found in a normal control population. The presence of lymphocytotoxins did not correlate with age or sex of the subjects studied nor with clinical parameters. As in previous studies, the lymphocytotoxin is an antibody of IgM class, is optimally effective at 15 degrees C in the presence of complement and reacts with both T and B lymphocytes. The lymphocytes from patients with active Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis are poorly susceptible to lysis by lymphocytotoxins but lymphocytes from patients in remission are as susceptible as normal lymphocytes. This implies that the lymphocyte surface is altered during active disease although the pathogenetic significance of this is unclear. PMID- 6982134 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the thymus of NZB x NZW mice: phenotypic characterization by flow cytofluorometry analysis. AB - The composition of the thymocyte population was investigated as a function of age in the autoimmunity-prone NZB x NZW F1 (NZB x W) female mice and in control BALB/c female mice. Single- and two-colour flow cytofluorometry analyses were used to quantitate the cell surface binding of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies directed against various lymphocyte markers and of fluoresceinated peanut agglutinin (PNA). In both mouse strains, two major phenotypically distinct thymocyte subpopulations were thus identified. The predominant subpopulation was characterized as bright Thy-1+, Lyt-1 + 2+ and bright PNA+, and the other one as dull Thy-1+, Lyt-1 + 2- and dull PNA+. The relative frequencies of these two subpopulations were similar in NZB x W and BALB/c mice at 3 months of age. However, from 6 months onwards, slight but significant differences became detectable between the two strains. Thus, in BALB/c mice, both thymocyte subpopulations regressed at approximately the same rate during ageing so that their relative proportions remained constant. In contrast, in NZB x W mice, while the number of bright Thy-1+ cells diminished as in BALB/c mice, the number of dull Thy-1+ cells barely varied from 3 to 12 months of age, which resulted in a proportional increase of this latter subpopulation. Moreover, elevated frequencies of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells were recorded in the thymus of 8-12 month old NZB x W mice but not in BALB/c mice. Therefore, the development of autoimmunity in NZB x W mice appears associated with an abnormal age-dependent evolution of the intrathymic lymphocyte population. PMID- 6982136 TI - Effect of indomethacin treatment upon actively-induced and transferred experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. AB - Daily administration of indomethacin (5 mg/kg) to Lewis rats from day 7 through day 21 following sensitization to guinea-pig spinal cord neural antigen plus Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) resulted in an aggravation of clinical signs of EAE accompanied by a higher mortality. In contrast, lymph node cells (LNC) from sensitized and drug-treated donor rats showed decreased EAE transfer activity. The in vitro Con A response of LNC from sensitized, indomethacin-treated rats was comparable to those of normal LNC or LNC from sensitized animals only. The spleen cell response of sensitized rats was significantly lower than the response seen in normal animals, but was returned to normal levels in sensitized, indomethacin treated animals. We believe these observations reflect an indomethacin-mediated diminished accumulation of EAE effector cells within peripheral lymph node tissues together with abrogation of splenic suppressor cell activity by indomethacin-mediated inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in Lewis rats sensitized and treated with this drug under the conditions defined. PMID- 6982135 TI - Anti-ssDNA and antinuclear antibodies in human malaria. AB - The incidence of serum antinuclear antibodies and serum antibodies to single stranded (ss) and double stranded (ds) DNA was investigated following acute malaria in 58 Caucasians visiting tropical countries but resident in Britain and in 24 Ghanaians resident in Ghana. In Caucasians this infection was associated with a significant increase in the incidence of speckled antinuclear antibodies (38% compared to 3% in controls; P less than 0.001) and a significant rise in antibody levels against ssDNA (14% compared to 5%; P less than 0.05), but no rise in antibodies against dsDNA. Acute malaria in Ghanaians was associated with an incidence of 25% of antinuclear antibodies and 4% of antibodies to ssDNA; these were similar to those found in healthy Ghanaians who are chronically exposed to malaria. Antibodies against dsDNA were not detected. The incidence of antinuclear antibodies and levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies was higher in the Ghanaian healthy population than in normal Caucasians. These observations indicate that malaria is associated with the development of antinuclear and anti-ssDNA antibodies. Ghanaian patients with a tropical splenomegaly syndrome or with a nephrotic syndrome, both of which conditions are suspected of having a malarial aetiology, had serum levels of anti-ssDNA higher than healthy controls. This observation adds further circumstantial evidence to the role of malaria in causing anti-DNA antibodies. PMID- 6982138 TI - Specific detection of circulating DNA:anti-DNA immune complexes in human systemic lupus erythematosus sera using murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibody. AB - The presence of DNA-anti-DNA immune complexes in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was investigated by a new solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). This assay used murine monoclonal anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody to recognize DNA present in the complexes and 125I-rabbit anti-human gamma globulin as a tracer. DNA-anti-DNA immune complexes were found in certain SLE sera but not in sera from patients with other immune complex diseases and from healthy blood donors. The presence of circulating DNA-anti-DNA complexes was associated with low C4 levels. It was not related to the presence of immune complexes detected by the polyethylene glycol assay suggesting either that the assay did not detect all DNA-anti-DNA complexes or that other antigen-antibody systems constitute the major immune complex components in SLE sera. The clinical significance of circulating DNA-anti-DNA complexes in SLE sera as well as the potential use of this solid phase RIA using various monoclonal antibodies to detect specific antigen-antibody systems is discussed. PMID- 6982142 TI - Severe combined immunodeficiency with imbalance and functional abnormalities in the T-lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 6982143 TI - Postoperative monitoring of myocardial oxygen tension: experience in 51 coronary artery bypass patients. AB - Following a preliminary feasibility report, polarographic monitoring of myocardial tissue O2 tension (Pmo2) in 51 coronary bypass patients has been accomplished. In this context, the influence of rapid atrial pacing (RAP), O2 inhalation, and intra-aortic balloon assistance (IAB) was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon sign-rank and Student's t-tests. Electrodes were implanted in revascularized and nonrevascularized areas for comparison (24.0 +/- 1.1; and 26.3 +/- 1.8 mmHg Pmo2, p, not significant). Increasing myocardial O2 demand with RAP caused a 6% PmO2 drop (p less than 0.01). A 70% O2 inhalation increased Pmo2 by 30% (p less than 0.01). In 5 cases the benefit of IAB was confirmed by a 41% increase in Pmo2 (p = 0.02). These data support the clinical usefulness of polarographic Pmo2 as a measure of regional myocardial oxygenation. In addition to early recognition of intraoperative or postoperative graft failure previously reported, the efficacy of various therapeutic interventions can be more precisely determined. PMID- 6982144 TI - Immunology and the host response to viral infection. PMID- 6982137 TI - IgA containing immune complexes in dogs bearing a spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - Sera from dogs with mammary adenocarcinoma were assessed for the presence of immune complexes (IC) and the physicochemical composition of these complexes was investigated. Employing 125I-anti-canine IgG as indicator, elevated levels of C1q binding IgG were detected in sera of dogs with mammary adenocarcinoma. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis of IC isolated by G-200 fractionation and protein A affinity chromatography revealed the presence of a dense polypeptide band corresponding to the alpha chain of IgA which was present in the mammary adenocarcinoma sera but not in normal dog sera or sera from dogs with other tumours. Employing monospecific radiolabelled anti-canine IgA as indicator in solid phase C1q binding radioimmunoassays, significantly elevated levels of C1q binding IgA were detected in five of eight mammary adenocarcinoma sera but not in sera of normal dogs or other tumour bearing dogs (P less than 0.05). Sera from mammary adenocarcinoma bearing dogs treated with 5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and subjected to sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation revealed IgA containing IC in fractions greater than 7S to greater than 19S. Findings suggest that IC are present in sera of dogs with mammary adenocarcinoma and that that IgA is a major and unique component of these complexes and, hence, may play a significant role in the development and evolution of the canine immune response to mammary adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6982141 TI - Culture of thymic epithelium for transplantation purposes: morphological characterization and in vivo biological effect on thymus-dependent immunity in athymic (nude) rats. PMID- 6982140 TI - Heterogeneity of T-CLL defined by monoclonal antibodies in nine patients. PMID- 6982139 TI - Functional alterations in non-T cells in rheumatic heart disease. AB - The mediation of the T cell lymphoproliferative response to streptococcal blastogen A by non-T mononuclear cells was studied in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and control subjects. Non-T cells are essential for T cell response to blastogen A. Non-T cells from RHD patients were less effective in enabling the T lymphocyte response to blastogen A than control non-T cells though no consistent difference was observed in the response to phytohaemagglutinin. The results suggest that a functional alteration is present in the non-T cells from RHD patients which might be related to the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6982145 TI - A data base form for pediatric practice. PMID- 6982146 TI - Seasonal changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among Asian immigrants. AB - 1. The exposure of Asian immigrants to effective quantities of naturally occurring ultraviolet light was investigated by observing the increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations during the summer months. 2. The seasonal increase in adult males was greater than in adult females. 3. There was a significant positive correlation between the seasonal increase and the prevailing 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, compatible with the view that the accumulation of inadequate stores of 25-hydroxyvitamin D during the summer results in the low serum concentrations seen in Asian immigrants. PMID- 6982148 TI - [The early death phenomenon related to sensitization of mice with rabies antigen- qualitative study and kinetics]. AB - Protection against challenge following rabies vaccination occurs early in the mouse. However, before this protection appears, vaccinated mice die earlier than control mice receiving a placebo. Study of this 'early death' shows that this phenomenon occurs when challenge is made with the CVS fixed virus and a field isolate from the salivary glands of the fox; by different routes of inoculation and for various infectious doses, and finally, when this challenge is made before or after vaccination. This phenomenon can be transferred via spleen cells or plasma of vaccinated animals into infected recipients. Lack of thymus in the mouse prevents early death, but reduction of B lymphocytes population by cyclophosphamide have no effect on this death. Kinetic studies of different parameters, taken into account when studying this phenomenon, show fluctuations of the survival time after challenge in inoculated mice, as well as in controls. As a consequence of these fluctuations, a shift between mortalities of vaccinated animals and controls is observed. PMID- 6982147 TI - Primary pulmonary histiocytosis-X. PMID- 6982149 TI - Variations in the vitellogenin titre during the reproductive cycle of Rana esculenta L. AB - 1. Vitellogenin titre has been measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in specimens of Rana esculenta L. caught at three different locations in southern Italy. 2. Variations in the serum level of vitellogenin are temporally related to ovarian growth during the reproductive cycle. 3. With the exception of the FL population, vitellogenin titre is low at spawning time but increases prior to ovarian recovery. 4. It eventually levels off, or undergoes a slight decline during winter, when the ovary is in a static phase. 5. The evidence presented in this study is consonant with the experimental model on hormonal control of vitellogenesis. 6. The vitellogenin patterns observed in the populations examined in this study are interpreted as due to different environmental conditions even though the hybridogenetic nature of Rana esculenta has also to be taken into account. PMID- 6982151 TI - Antibody determination by ELISA in rats with retinal S antigen-induced uveoretinitis. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to the determination of the serum IgG antibody contents in rats immunized with the organ-specific autoantigen (S antigen) of the retina. Optimal conditions (i.e. S antigen concentration, serum and conjugate dilutions, enzymatic reaction time) were determined. The assay required only a single serum dilution and was well reproducible. It was very sensitive, allowing the detection of low antibody contents in animals immunized with 1 microgram of S antigen. The time course of the antibody response and its variations according to the dose and the species of the immunizing S antigen were considered. PMID- 6982150 TI - On 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase of adult frog liver. AB - 1. It has been reported that 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) activity in the liver from Rana esculenta is present only after autolysis of trypsin digestion, which releases a heat-and acid-stable inhibitor of low molecular mass. 2. Attempts to demonstrate similar effects with the liver enzyme from adult Rana pipiens were unsuccessful. Trypsin had only an inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity in crude extracts. 3. Both untreated and trypsin-treated enzyme had a molecular mass of about 100,000 daltons as determined by gel filtration. The pI was around pH 4.6. One pH-optimum between pH 7 and 8 was observed. 4. At pH 7.5 and 37 degrees C the basal enzyme activity was 1.3 mumol/min per g of protein. It was increased six-fold by a reductant in the presence of catalase. Fe2+ (50 muM) increased the activity further 1.6-fold when the reaction was carried out in Tris-HCl buffer, but not in potassium phosphate buffer. 5. The Km for 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate was 50 muM and the Vmax was around 10 mumol/min per g of soluble protein with reductively activated enzyme. 6. Substrate inhibition was observed above 20 muM concentrations of 4 hydroxyphenylpyruvate. PMID- 6982152 TI - Reversible alterations in immunoregulatory T cells in smoking. Analysis by monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. AB - We characterized T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of smokers (N = 60) and nonsmokers (N = 35). Total T-lymphocytes and T cell subsets were similar to nonsmokers in light and moderate smokers. In heavy smokers, total OKT3+ cells were increased, the percentage of OKT4+ cells was decreased, and percentage and total number of OKT8+ cells were increased. The ratio of OKT4+ to OKT8+ lymphocytes was decreased in heavy smokers. The percentage of OKT8+ cells and the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio returned to normal in heavy smokers six weeks after they stopped smoking. These findings suggest that cigarette smoking causes reversible alterations in immunoregulatory T cells. PMID- 6982153 TI - [First impressions of lateral electric stimulation for scoliosis (LESS) during travel in the USA]. PMID- 6982155 TI - [Discussion on the diagnostic criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus--with analysis of 306 cases]. PMID- 6982154 TI - [Clinical analysis of immunologic changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6982156 TI - [Re-exploring the immuno-therapeutic approach to malignant diseases]. PMID- 6982157 TI - Temperament questionnaires in clinical research. AB - Parental questionnaires concerning the nine temperament variables studied in the New York longitudinal study have been developed for the measurement of children's temperament at six, 12 and 24 months of age. Retest reliability for the questionnaires was found to be generally satisfactory and at a level similar to that found in other temperament studies. The temperament characteristics of a large standardization sample, studied longitudinally over the three ages, showed little relation to the children's gender, birth order or social class. Factor analyses of the variables showed that two of the patterns were identical at 12 and 24 months of age: one pattern consisted of mood, approach, adaptability and distractibility, and the other of activity, approach and intensity. The standardization sample showed about the same rates of the 'difficult' and the 'slow-to-warm-up' temperament types, as found in early samples. The stability of the subjects' temperament scores over time was low to moderate, and a majority of the subjects changed their temperament type over the 18 months covered by the longitudinal study. The use of temperament questionnaires in clinical research is illustrated in three current studies. PMID- 6982160 TI - Drug abuse among secondary school students in Kenya: a preliminary survey. PMID- 6982158 TI - [Reorganization of the cellular tubule-vacuole system in vasopressin stimulation of water transport]. PMID- 6982162 TI - Synthesis of alpha 1-antitrypsin in rat-liver hepatocytes and in a cell-free system. PMID- 6982161 TI - Radioimmunoassay of prolactin in plasma of bullfrog tadpoles. PMID- 6982164 TI - Vasodilation induced by transcutaneous nerve stimulation in peripheral ischemia (Raynaud's phenomenon and diabetic polyneuropathy). PMID- 6982165 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery. Assessment of graft patency by exercise testing. PMID- 6982159 TI - Early predictors of age at first use of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarettes. AB - This paper is a report of the relationships between various measures of social adaptation to the first grade classroom and the age at which alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana were first used by teenagers who began elementary school in a poor black urban community on the South Side of Chicago. Prospective longitudinal community epidemiological data were collected periodically in first and third grades from consecutive total cohorts of children in the 1960s. The 1966-67 population (cohort 3) was followed up at age 16 or 17. This population of 705 children is reported on here regarding early predictors of their first use of these substances. There are three main findings: (1) boys tended to use all substances at an earlier age than girls; (2) students who performed better on first grade IQ and Readiness tests tended to initiate substance use at an earlier age; (3) girls (but not boys) who were rated by their first grade teachers as shy or having learning problems tended to initiate use at a later age. The relationships of these findings to our past investigations of paths leading to substance use are discussed. PMID- 6982163 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in severe angina pectoris. PMID- 6982166 TI - Visualization of muscles involved in unilateral tremor using 13N-ammonia and positron emission tomography. AB - Using positron emission computerized tomography (PCT), a high uptake of IV injected 13N-ammonia was observed in the muscles of the right forearm and leg of a patient with a rightsided static tremor. In some muscles the concentration of 13NH3 was 8.5 times higher than in the symmetrical normal limb. Confrontation of the clinical, neurological, and electromyographic findings with the results of the PCT proved that the muscles with the high uptake corresponded to the muscles responsible for the tremulous movements. There is strong evidence that the high uptake of 13NH3 was related to the increased blood flow produced by the continuous rhythmic exercise of the muscles involved in the tremor. To our knowledge a similar observation has not been described before. It is suggested that the combined use of suitable positron emitters and PCT might provide a valuable tool for the noninvasive study of perfusion of individual skeletal muscles. PMID- 6982167 TI - The enhancement of 5-fluorouracil anti-metabolic activity by leucovorin, menadione and alpha-tocopherol. PMID- 6982168 TI - Effects of histamine on acetylcholine release in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. AB - The effects of histamine on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from bullfrog sympathetic preganglionic nerve terminals were examined by means of intracellular microelectrode techniques. Low concentrations of histamine (1, 3 muM) increased the amplitude of fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fast EPSPs) and ACh quantal content, while high concentrations (100, 300 muM) decreased the amplitude and content. Amplitudes of miniature EPSPs and ACh potentials were not affected by histamine (0.3-300 muM). The facilitatory effect of histamine on fast EPSPs disappeared in the presence of mepyramine, whereas the depressant effect of histamine on fast EPSPs disappeared in the presence of cimetidine. These results suggest that histamine has facilitatory and depressant actions on ACh release. The facilitatory action is probably mediated by the H1-receptor and the depressant action by the H2-receptor, both of which are located at the presynaptic nerve terminals of bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 6982169 TI - Decreased central serotonin function in hypothyroidism. AB - Male rats born of mothers kept on an iodide-free diet from day 15 of pregnancy up to day 4 post-delivery, were rendered hypothyroid by a daily s.c. injection of methimazole, 20-25 mg/kg from day 1 up to day 30 of age. Two days after the last injection, euthyroid and hypothyroid rats were given 220 mg/kg i.p. of L-5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). The resulting behavioral syndrome was much less intense in hypothyroids, compared to euthyroids, thus suggesting a state of serotonergic hypoactivity. PMID- 6982170 TI - A possible central serotonergic mechanism involved in the effects of morphine on colonic motility in dog. AB - The effects of morphine (0.1 mg/kg) and 5-HTP (2 mg/kg) on colonic motility were investigated in dogs fasted for 15-22 h and fitted with two strain gauge transducers on the transverse colon at 8 and 12 cm from the ileo-colonic junction. The effects were compared to those obtained after previous intravenous (i.v.) (0.2 mg/kg) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) (10 micrograms/kg) administration of methysergide. Morphine (0.1 mg/kg) increased the colonic motility index by 475% from 0 to 30 min, this primary transient stimulatory response being followed 30-40 min later by a secondary response lasting 3.2 +/- 0.5 h during which the motility index was also significantly increased. Intravenous injection of 5-HTP (1 mg/kg) produced a delayed (30-40 min) colonic hyperactivity with a 160% increase in the motility index from 1 to 3 h after injection similarly to the secondary response to morphine. This secondary colonic hyperactivity induced by morphine was blocked by both i.v. and i.c.v. methysergide administration--whereas the hyperactivity induced by 5-HTP was not blocked by previous i.v. or i.c.v. administration of methysergide--indicating that the similar effects of morphine and 5-HTP on colonic motility are not caused by the same mechanism. It was concluded that the long-lasting stimulatory effects of morphine on colonic motility in dog are centrally mediated and blocked at this level by 5-HT antagonists. PMID- 6982172 TI - Progressive obliterative bronchiolitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6982171 TI - Quantification of prothymocytes in long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - Prothymocytes were present in long-term marrow cell cultures for 17 weeks, although at very low levels. The prothymocytes from the cultures appeared normal in their thymus repopulation ability since the growth curves for thymocytes derived from cultured cells, measured in thymuses of irradiated mice, were parallel to those for thymocytes derived from fresh bone marrow prothymocytes. The buoyant density distribution for prothymocytes from the cultures appeared normal as well, with a modal density of 1,069 g/cm3. The prothymocyte density profile was similar to that for CFUS from the cultures which had a modal density of 1.070 g/cm3. Prothymocytes were lost from culture before CFUS and a decreased ratio of prothymocytes to CFUS was evident within the first 24 hours of culture. The kinetic differences between prothymocytes and CFUS in vitro suggest that these two functional assays detect different cells. PMID- 6982174 TI - Resetting fast phases of head and eye and their linkage in the frog. AB - (1) Compensatory slow phase movements were evoked by optokinetic, vestibular and combined optokinetic and vestibular stimulation. Superimposed fast phases resetting the position of the head (in space) and of the eye (in head) were recorded with a magnetic field search coil in unrestrained and head fixed frogs, respectively. (2) Head fast phases recorded during optokinetic stimulation covaried in the frequency of their occurrence with slow phase head velocity. Their amplitude was large (average 18.9 +/- 8.9 degrees), maximal velocity increased with amplitude by 6.6 degrees/s/deg, and duration (average 230 +/- 33 ms) was almost independent on amplitude. (3) Ocular fast phases rarely occurred during sinusoidal stimulation and neither optokinetic after nystagmus nor postrotatory nystagmus were observed. Fast phases, evoked by constant velocity optokinetic or acceleratory stimuli, consisted of two components: a primary resetting fast phase and a smaller fast movement in the opposite direction. The primary fast phase had a small amplitude (average 2.2 +/- 1.3 degrees). In different stimulus conditions fast phase parameters were very similar. Maximal velocity increased by 6.5 degrees/s/deg. Duration (average 165 +/- 23.4 ms) was variable. (4) During ocular fast phases the vestibulo-collic and the optokinetic collic reflexes were suppressed. The slow phase head velocity either became zero or a small head fast phase in the direction of the ocular fast phase occurred. Fast phase head movements were accompanied by an ocular fast phase or by a retraction of one or both eyes, depending on the amplitude of the head fast phase. At the end of a head fast phase eye position was always recentered. PMID- 6982175 TI - Non-linear interaction of the vestibular and the eye tracking system in man. AB - Oculomotor control in man was investigated during passive, sinusoidal, whole-body rotation under a conflict between the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the eye tracking system (ETS), as to the appropriate direction of compensatory eye movements. ETS predominated at stimulus frequencies below 0.8 Hz, and VOR above 1.5 Hz. In the intermediate frequency range the dominance repeatedly flipped between ETS and VOR, suggesting that the interaction of the two systems is not linear, but rather governed by a switch. PMID- 6982176 TI - Effects of gonadal hormones on the lipid contents of the frog Rana esculenta. PMID- 6982173 TI - Compensatory head and eye movements in the frog and their contribution to stabilization of gaze. AB - Compensatory head movements, recorded in unrestrained frogs, were compared to compensatory eye movements recorded from animals that had their head fixed. Movements were evoked by oscillating the animal in the dark (vestibular stimulation) or in the light in front of an earth-fixed, patterned visual background (combined stimulation) or by rotating vertical black and white bars (optokinetic stimulation) around the stationary animal. Oscillations occurred in the horizontal plane at frequencies between 0.025 and 0.5 Hz. Gain and phase values of head and eye movements, relative to stimulus movements were calculated. Evoked eye movements were limited in amplitude to +/- 3-6 degrees, increasing with the size of the animal. Head movements were limited to +/- 30-40 degrees. Resetting fast-phases of both head and eyes were very rarely observed during sinusoidal stimulation and no eye movements were recorded in the absence of intended head movements. Vestibularly evoked head movements exhibited a frequency dependent threshold that was not observed for vestibulo-ocular responses. Above threshold, the gain of evoked head responses increased and reached a frequency dependent plateau at which the system behaved approximately linearly. Within the linear range, gain of vestibularly evoked responses increased with frequency (from 0.04 at 0.025 Hz to 0.75 at 0.5 Hz) and phase lead decreased (from about 80 degrees to 0 degrees). Vestibularly evoked eye movements similarly increased in gain from 0.05 to 0.56 and decreased in phase lead from about 56 degrees to 10 degrees over the same frequency range. Optokinetically evoked head and eye movements had their highest gains (about 0.8 and 0.5) at low constant velocities (less than or equal to 1-4 degrees/S) or frequencies (less than or equal to 0.025 Hz). At higher constant velocities or frequencies the gain dropped. The phase lag increased from close to zero (at 0.025 Hz) to about 60 degrees for the head and to about 20 degrees for the eye movements (at 0.25 Hz). These phase lags are explained by reaction times of the evoked movements of about 600 ms (head) and 200 ms (eyes). Combined stimulation evoked compensatory head movements with gain and phase values that were frequency-independent in the linear range. Head movements compensated for about 80-90% of the imposed gaze shift with a small phase lag (0-10 degrees). Evoked eye movements were found to be large enough in amplitude and fast enough in time to enable a frog to stabilize its gaze exclusively with slow phase compensatory movements for a large variety of frequency and amplitude combinations. The two motor systems controlling movements of the head and the eye are matched in such a way that the non-linearities of the evoked eye movements can compensate for the non-linearities of the evoked head movements. PMID- 6982177 TI - [Pharmacological properties of piroxafos (phosphoric ester of piroxicam)]. PMID- 6982178 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazolo[2,-3 b]benzo[g]quinazolin-5-one and benzo[g]quinazolin-4-one derivatives]. PMID- 6982179 TI - [Antiphlogistic and analgesic activity of 3-carboxymethylthio-5-aryl-4-methyl- and 4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazoles]. AB - The antiinflammatory, analgesic and antiproteolytic activity was studied for some 3-carboxymethylthio-4H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives in order to discover the influence of substituents in positions 4- and 5- in the 3-mercapto-4H-1,2,4 triazole nucleus and the possibility of correlating antiinflammatory and antiproteolytic activity. PMID- 6982181 TI - Avian lymphokines: 1. Thymic cell growth factor in supernatants of mitogen stimulated chicken spleen cells. AB - The present study provides first evidence for the presence of a thymic cell growth factor (TCGF) in supernatants (20 hrs) of mitogen (Con A) stimulated chicken spleen cells. 2 out of 3 batches of supernatant prepared according to a procedure originally described for the mouse system (10) induced a vigorous proliferative response of Con A prestimulated chicken spleen cells without significant mitogenic effect on unstimulated lymphocytes. No crossreactivity of this chicken-TCGF was observed with prestimulated murine lymphocytes, nor did potent mouse-TCGF preparations exhibit any proliferative effect on chicken cells. The implications of these data for both phylogenetic as well as practical experimental aspects are discussed. PMID- 6982182 TI - Role of immunoglobulin classes in experimental histoplasmosis in bats. AB - Pooled normal bat serum was separated by gel filtration to give fractions rich in IgG-, Iga- and IgM-like proteins. These fractions were analogous to the corresponding human immunoglobulin classes by immunoelectrophoresis and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Rabbits were immunized with the fractions and the antisera absorbed. Neotropical bats (Artibeus lituratus) were infected with Histoplasma capsulatum and serum samples were collected weekly and tested for specific serologic response to the fungus. A radial immunodiffusion test was devised to monitor changes in concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM in the same sera. Bats infected with a low dose of fungus had significantly increased levels of IgM and IgA between 2-6 weeks post-infection. Bats receiving a high dose maintained elevated levels of IgM and IgA through the end of the study. Significantly elevated levels of IgG were not detected until late in the disease (8-9 weeks). In bats with histoplasmosis, IgM and IgA appeared to contribute primarily to the early positive serologies, while precipitating antibodies of the IgG class were detectable later in the disease. These results are similar to the serologic profile seen in human histoplasmosis, and extend our understanding of comparative immune responses in an important wildlife reservoir of human mycotic pathogens. PMID- 6982180 TI - [Functional potentials of controlling the heart rhythm in burst stimulation of the vagus nerves]. PMID- 6982183 TI - Variability in the shapes of satellite cells in normal and injured frog sartorius muscle. PMID- 6982184 TI - B cell lymphoproliferation in spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats. AB - Ninety-six spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats were maintained for their natural life span and, at death, were autopsied together with 86 age-and sex matched non-diabetic BB control rats. A 15% incidence of abdominal B cell lymphoproliferative lesions was documented in the diabetic rats compared with 1% incidence in the non-diabetic rats (p less than 0.005). The B cell lymphoproliferative process included minute mesenteric and omental aggregates of plasma cells and small lymphocytes (one rat), atypical partially fibrotic lymphoproliferative mesenteric nodules (three rats), and malignant lymphoma with features of immunoblastic sarcoma (eight rats) or plasma cell lymphoma (two rats). Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin was demonstrated in two of the four lymphomas examined by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, thus confirming their B cell derivation. The striking incidence of B cell lymphoproliferation in this diabetic population is additional evidence of altered immunity in this animal model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6982185 TI - Evidence for follicle wall involvement in ovulation and progesterone production by frog (Rana pipiens) follicles in vitro. AB - Involvement of different cellular investments of the amphibian ovarian follicle wall in the ovulatory process, progesterone production, and oocyte maturation was investigated. Following microdissection, to selectively remove one or more layers (surface epithelium, theca, follicle cells) of the follicle wall, dissected and undissected ovarian follicles were treated with frog pituitary homogenate (FPH) or progesterone. Intact follicles ovulated in response to pituitary homogenate and this was associated with contractions of the follicle wall. Ovulation and follicular contractions were not observed following removal of the surface epithelium without removing the thecal layer. Oocyte maturation occurred in response to FPH following removal of the surface epithelium alone or together with the theca, but not in the absence of the follicle cells. Intact follicles were most responsive to FPH with respect to progesterone production, and removal of all somatic cells from oocytes obliterated FPH stimulated progesterone production. Oocytes, regardless of wether any or all follicular wall layers were removed, matured but did not ovulate following exposure to progesterone. The results suggest that the surface epithelium, but not the theca, is required for FPH-induced extrusion (ovulation) of the oocyte from ovarian follicle wall. Additionally, the somatic tissue rather than the oocyte appears to be the cells producing progesterone following FPH treatment. The results indicate that separate cellular layers (individually and/or as a result of interactions) of the follicle wall carry out different functions during follicular differentiation and mediation of ovulation. Data provide functional evidence for a role of the surface epithelium in controlling the process of ovulation and follicular contraction. PMID- 6982186 TI - S-100 protein in Langerhans cells, interdigitating reticulum cells and histiocytosis X cells. AB - S-100 protein was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the cells of cases of histiocytosis X such as eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and Letterer-Siwe disease. Its presence was also shown in Langerhans cells of the epidermis and interdigitating reticulum cells in the lymph node, spleen and thymus. S-100 protein was not found in epithelioid cells in sarcoidosis, phagocytic macrophages, or dendritic reticulum cells in germinal centers. S-100 protein might be a new immunohistochemical marker for the Langerhans cells, interdigitating reticulum cells and histiocytosis X cells. PMID- 6982187 TI - [Emergency colonoscopy for rectal bleeding and acute diarrhea]. PMID- 6982189 TI - The current status of gastrointestinal laser activity in the United States. AB - The therapeutic applications of fiberoptic endoscopy in the field of gastroenterology are expanding. In the therapy of gastrointestinal bleeding, the initial results of laser photocoagulation have been encouraging. As of May 1, 1981, 388 patients have been treated for gastrointestinal bleeding at 12 centers in the United States. A tabulation of the results in this uncontrolled compilation reveals that initial hemostasis was achieved in 80 to 95% of patients. Applications of the laser in addition to the treatment of actively bleeding lesions include therapy of neoplastic and angiodysplastic lesions. There is a growing interest in the utilization of endoscopic laser therapy. PMID- 6982190 TI - Morphological and biochemical variations in the skin of Rana esculenta during the annual cycle. PMID- 6982188 TI - Vitamin D deficiency and bone disease in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Crohn's disease and the relationship of vitamin D status to metabolic bone disease have not been fully characterized. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured in 82 patients with Crohn's disease; 65% of Crohn's disease patients had a low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration; 25% had deficient levels (less than 10 ng/ml). The lowest 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were observed in patients with previous ileal resections. Nine patients were studied in detail including transiliac needle bone biopsies; 6 had osteomalacia and 3 osteoporosis. Six patients had repeat bone biopsies 9 to 18 mo after vitamin D treatment. Three patients with osteomalacia and low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels showed histologic improvement after therapy with oral vitamin D restored serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to normal. The adequacy of therapy was assessed accurately by monitoring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Three patients with metabolic bone disease with normal serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels at diagnosis did not show histologic improvement after receiving vitamin D. PMID- 6982192 TI - Avoiding diability: care of foot problems in the elderly. PMID- 6982191 TI - New treatments for depression. PMID- 6982193 TI - Age-related changes in g0-g1 transition and proliferative capacity of mitogen stimulated murine spleen cells. AB - The early kinetics of mitogen-stimulated of mitogen-stimulated spleen cells from young adult and aged NMRI mice were investigated. Using RNA synthesis as measured by cytofluorometry by cytofluorometry and 3H-leucine and 3H-thymidine incorporation as parameters, it was apparent that age-related changes occur at different levels during mitogen stimulation. First, in aged mice fewer cells per 10(6) spleen cells are being activated by mitogen, and, second, fewer of the activated lymphocytes will proliferate. However, the cells which initiate synthesis of RNA, protein, and DNA apparently behave in identical manners, chronologically, as cells from young adult mice. PMID- 6982195 TI - Broncho-oesophageal fistula: a late complication of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. AB - A case is reported of delayed broncho-oesophageal fistula presenting several weeks after fibreoptic injection sclerotherapy for oesophageal varices in a patient with chronic active hepatitis who eventually died from bronchopneumonia. Such serious complications of injection sclerotherapy should be kept in mind with the increasing popularity of this method of early treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices. PMID- 6982196 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulation in acute viral hepatitis. AB - Studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes were performed in 41 patients with acute viral hepatitis, in grade III-IV coma; 16 patients were in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were significant reductions in absolute lymphocyte count and T cell number in patients who succumbed to the disease, when compared with those who survived. B cell counts were similar in the two groups and migration inhibition test with BCG antigen was normal. It is postulated that a decrease in the number of cells interacting in cell-mediated immune reactions is related to prognosis in acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 6982197 TI - Effect of collagen-like substances (C1q, acetylcholinesterase and elastin) on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. AB - The effects of collagen-like proteins on platelets were studied in human platelet rich plasmas. The C1q subcomponent of complement (human), acetylcholinesterase (electric eel), and elastin (bovine) had no platelet aggregating activity, despite compositional homologies with collagen in terms of hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, proline and glycine contents. Upon preincubation with platelets, acetylcholinesterase was incapable of preventing the platelet aggregation triggered by collagen, whereas elastin exerted a weak and inconsistent blocking action. In turn, native C1q strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and 'aggregated' C1q, obtained by ultracentrifugation of freeze thawed monomeric C1q, had a potentiating effect. These findings confirm the highly specific character of the platelet action of C1q. PMID- 6982198 TI - Factor XIII deficiency in antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis and its treatment with factor XIII concentrate. PMID- 6982194 TI - Essential night blindness with cone monochromasy. PMID- 6982200 TI - Veins of duodenum with veins of other organs in man anastomoses. PMID- 6982201 TI - Myelin fibers of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm in the postfetal life in man. PMID- 6982203 TI - Trabeculae carneae in the left ventricle of the heart in primates. PMID- 6982202 TI - Fascicles of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm in postfetal life in man. PMID- 6982199 TI - Effect of EACA, PAMBA, AMCA and AMBOCA on fibrinolysis induced by streptokinase, urokinase and tissue activator. AB - A study is presented in which the inhibiting effects of eACA, PAMBA, AMCA and AMBOCA on fibrinolysis induced by three activators have been compared by a clot lysis method. The order of inhibitory potency was AMBOCA greater than AMCA greater than PAMBA greater than EACA. The activity ratios obtained were found to be influenced by the level of inhibition. At low levels of inhibition the differences between the inhibitory activities are usually more pronounced than at high levels. The degree of inhibition is dependent on the fibrinolytic activator used. The order of sensitivity to the inhibitors was, within the analytical conditions used, found to be: tissue activator greater than streptokinase greater than urokinase. The results are discussed in comparison to the different activity ratios reported by others. PMID- 6982204 TI - Morphology of the mandibular and sublingual ganglion in the deer (Cervus elaphus L. 1758). PMID- 6982207 TI - The effect of ionizing radiation on the regenerating rat liver - the ultrastructural and stereologic studies. PMID- 6982206 TI - Stereological studies on the ultrastructure of white rat hepatocyte in circadian cycle. PMID- 6982205 TI - Vagus nerve supply of liver, pancreas and duodenum of sheep in prenatal period. PMID- 6982208 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the white rat. PMID- 6982209 TI - [Analgesic activity of a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, zomepirac sodium, in experimental animals]. PMID- 6982210 TI - Computerized tomography of the brain in manic-depressive patients--a controlled study. AB - A computerized tomography (CT) of the brain was carried out on 40 manic depressive patients and 40 controls in order to study the organic characteristics of the brain in manic-depressive psychosis. In the age group of 49 years and below, the left septum-caudate distance (LSC) showed a lower value in the manic depressive group, but the other measurements for the ventricular system did not differ between both groups. The age group of 50 and over revealed a significant enlargement of maximum width of the interhemispheric fissure (IF) and maximum width between the sylvian fissure and inner skull (SFIS) in the manic-depressive group compared with the controls. The tendency to an enlargement of the third ventricle (HIV) and maximum width of the right anterior horn (RAH) was also seen in the manic-depressive patients. Cortical atrophy tended to appear in the temporal and occipital lobes earlier in the manic-depressive group than in the controls. The patients showing a cerebral asymmetry of the hemisphere in the manic-depressive group tended to show a reversed cerebral asymmetry. PMID- 6982211 TI - [Bypass operations in coronary heart disease--status in 1982]. AB - Coronary artery bypass surgery is the method of choice in treating coronary heart disease. A hospital mortality of about 1% is followed by nearly full life expectancy and quality. Early diagnosis and division in groups, either for medical or surgical treatment, and early reconstruction before irreversible damage of myocardium would save many coronary patients from early retirement. 87.8% our patients felt symptomatically better, 66.1% were without symptoms. Five years after bypass surgery 93.6% of patients survived, but only 52.1% of patients with similar extend of disease survived after medical treatment. Only 45% of patients returned to work after the operation, though 53% of these had no complaints - indicating that coronary heart disease is also a sociopolitical problem. PMID- 6982213 TI - A new method of anatomic localization in scintigraphy using simultaneous emission transmission scanning. PMID- 6982212 TI - [Biological activities and partial characterization of guinea pig T cell activating monokine]. PMID- 6982216 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) phenotypes and PiM subtypes in Italy. Evidence of considerable geographic variability. AB - Genetic typing of alpha 1AT was performed in 3751 individuals from Italian towns. The following was observed: (a) The pathologic phenotypes (SZ, MZ, ZZ) appeared to decrease progressively from northern to southern Italy; (b) the distribution of the PiM suballeles showed considerable geographic variability, but the suballele M2 was more frequently encountered in southern Italy; and (c) in the large cities of southern Italy, the frequency of the deficiency more closely resembled that found in northern Italy than that of the remaining populations of the south. PMID- 6982214 TI - [Identification of lymphatic neoplasms by antibody assay]. PMID- 6982215 TI - Diagnosis and monitoring of therapy of the various enzymatic defects causing congenital adrenal hyperplasia by semiautomatic capillary gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A semiautomatic capillary gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of urinary steroids has been developed. Trimethylsilylenol ethers were used as steroid derivatives instead of the more common methoxime trimethylsilyl ethers. The diagnosis of the various enzymatic defects causing congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be made using the characteristic pattern of urinary steroid chromatograms. Furthermore, the method presented can be used routinely to monitor therapeutic control in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Reference data for patients of different age groups under good therapeutic control are presented. PMID- 6982217 TI - Three new rare variants of alpha 1-antitrypsin. AB - Three new rare genetic variants of the serum protein alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 protease inhibitor) have been identified in a Caucasian population. The new alleles in the PI system are PI*EFRA, PT*PCAS, and PI*XALB. When compared with the normal type M by isolectric focusing in polyacrylamide, Efranklin (EFRA) is anodal, and Pcastoria (PCAS) and Xalban (XALB) are cathodal. These variants have been compared with previously described variants by isoelectric focusing and by electrophoresis in agarose and acid starch gels. All three variant alleles appear to be associated with normal amounts of alpha 1-antitrypsin, assayed both by functional and immunological methods. PMID- 6982218 TI - An excess of the Pi S allele in dizygotic twins and their mothers. AB - A significant excess of the alpha 1-antitrypsin (protease inhibitor) PiS allele has been found in 147 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins, but frequencies in 170 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins do not differ from those in a sample of 1007 blood donors. In 51 mothers of DZ twins the frequency of the PiS allele was double that in the same sample of donors, but there was no corresponding increase in the fathers of DZ twins nor in the parents of MZ twins. In an independent sample of 66 mothers of twins of unknown zygosity, there was also a significant excess of PiMPiS and PiMPiZ phenotypes, and this was particularly marked in the subsample of mothers of opposite-sex twin pairs. We speculate that lowered protease inhibitor levels in women carrying the PiS allele may enhance sperm migration, increase the probability of multiple ovulation, or both. PMID- 6982219 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin allele PiS fails to show segregation distortion. PMID- 6982220 TI - Pi Wfinneytown: a new alpha1-antitrypsin allele in an American Negro family. PMID- 6982221 TI - T-dependent B-cell activation is signalled by an early increase in potassium influx. AB - When splenic lymphocytes from RNC nu/+ mice were enriched for T cells by lectin purification, mixed to constant cell density with splenocytes from syngeneic nude mice, and cultured with ConA, a proliferative response ensued which was greater than that expected from the T cells alone. This was shown both by incorporation of 3H-thymidine after 48 h of culture and by uptake of potassium (measured as 86Rb) after 15 h. Analysis of metaphase chromosomes stained with Hoechst dye 33258 from co-cultured T-enriched and nude lymphocytes (from female and male donors, respectively) mixed in the proportion 1:4 showed that 40% of the mitotic cells came from nude spleen. About half of the blast cells in such mixtures stained strongly with fluorescein-coupled goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin; T-cell blasts did not stain under these conditions. Treatment of the nu/nu cells with anti-Thy 1.2 and complement had no effect on their subsequent proliferation in coculture. B lymphocytes from nude mouse spleen were therefore activated to proliferate in this system. This B-cell activation can be detected by increased potassium uptake 15 h after the initiation of co-culture. Thus the increased monovalent cation flux (previously demonstrated when B and T lymphocytes were separately stimulated) also occurs when B cells are stimulated through cooperation with mitogen-activated T cells, and is also detectable early in culture. T-dependent activation of B cells is therefore detectable considerably earlier than by conventional assays (such as plaque formation). PMID- 6982222 TI - Stimulation of colony formation and growth factor production of human T lymphocytes by wheat germ lectin. AB - Wheat germ lectin (WGL) induced proliferation of T-lymphocyte colony-forming units (TL-CFU) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a one stage agar culture needing higher cell numbers than phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). However, WGL preactivated TL-CFU in a first stage liquid culture for the growth of PHA-dependent T-lymphocyte colonies in a subsequent agar culture. These results suggested that WGL and PHA have biological activities in common. WGL and PHA both induced the expression of Interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors by PBMC to become responsive to IL-2, although production of IL-2 by WGL-stimulated PBMC was low compared with PHA-stimulated PBMC. This might account for the low proliferative response of PBMC to WGL. PMID- 6982225 TI - Depression of T-cell activity during pregnancy: Part II. Identification of factor(s) in pregnancy serum inhibiting T-cell reactivity. PMID- 6982226 TI - Depression of T-cell activity during pregnancy: Part III. Modulation of human T cell function by hCG. PMID- 6982224 TI - Depression of T-cell activity during pregnancy: Part I. Factor(s) in pregnancy serum affecting T-cell reactivity. PMID- 6982223 TI - Effect of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan i bacteria on the mitogenic response of human B-cell subsets. AB - We have made a detailed investigation to determine which of the B-cell subsets could be stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I bacterium (SpA CoI). B-cell subsets were separated from peripheral blood and tonsil lymphocytes by means of rosette formation with E, EAIgG, anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) conjugated OE (OE-Pro A) or by separation on a bovine serum albumin (BSA) discontinuous density gradient. The cells responding to SpA CoI included E receptor negative (E-), C3 receptor positive (C3R+), and surface Ig positive (SIg+) B-cell subsets. Among these B-cell subsets, FcR-n cells were more responsive than FcR+ cells. These B cell subsets responded alone to SpA CoI and significantly proliferated, although, they failed to respond alone to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Protein A of S. aureus (Protein A). Among the SIg+ B-cell subsets stimulated with SpA CoI, IgM+ and IgG+ B cells showed much less response. Both Protein A receptor positive (Pro A . R+) and negative (Pro A . R-) cells responded well to SpA CoI. Fractionation of B cells on a BSA gradient revealed that comparatively small sized and denser B-cell subsets responded well to SpA CoI. From these criteria, it is suggested that B cells responding to SpA CoI are capable of stimulating not only mature B cells, but can also stimulate immature B cells. PMID- 6982227 TI - Reversal of suppressive effect of pregnancy serum factor/s on T lymphocytes by fetal calf serum. PMID- 6982228 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of computer-guided blood pressure-lowering with nitroprusside sodium during the postoperative phase after aortocoronary bypass operations]. AB - The hypertension immediately after open heart surgery for coronary heart disease was chosen to evaluate the suitability of computer-controlled infusion sodium nitroprusside, to improve the circulatory state in heart failure by reducing the impedance to the left ventricular ejection. Sodium nitroprusside produced a prompt reduction of MAP to a preset level and a rise in cardiac index from an average of 2.1 +/- 0.3 to 2.4 +/- 0.4 when infused alone and to 3.1 +/- 0.5 1/min m2 (p less than 0.05, + 48%) after volume was infused to maintain LAP at a constant level to eliminate the effects of preload. The rise in cardiac index was associated with marked decrease in systemic vascular resistance from 2260 +/- 530 to 1415 +/- 280 and 1130 +/- 1130 +/- 270 dyns (p less than 0.005, 63%) respectively. The initial values of SVR correlated well with the fall of SVR (r = 0.78). Our results suggest that systemic vascular resistance is a strong indicator of the vascular responsiveness to vasodilation, the computer-controlled infusion of sodium-nitroprusside being suitable for the "titration" of the high systemic vascular resistance. PMID- 6982229 TI - Human antibody response to individual outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - To evaluate the potential of outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus influenzae as a vaccine, sera from 11 healthy persons and from 23 patients convalescing from disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b were assayed for antibodies to individual outer membrane proteins of a single type b isolate, strain Eag, by a gel radioimmunoassay. All 23 patients, ranging in age from 2 months to 62 years, with 17 patients being 24 months or less, had antibodies to some of these proteins in their sera (range, antibodies to 4 to 17 proteins per patient). Although the intensity and spectrum of the response varied, all patients had antibodies to one particular outer membrane protein and 19 patients had antibodies to another, with those patients 5 years and older having antibodies to more proteins than did infants (<==24 months). In the two cases examined, convalescent sera had greater amounts and broader spectra of antibodies than did acute sera. In addition, 10 of 11 healthy subjects not known to have had systemic H. influenzae disease also had antibodies to individual outer membrane proteins, with older children having greater amounts than did their younger siblings and with children showing a different spectrum of response than that for adults. Thus, antibodies to outer membrane proteins are commonly found in humans. Also, these results and those demonstrating that hyperimmune rabbit antisera to strain Eag reacted with each of five type b substrains possessing some different outer membrane proteins indicate considerable cross-reactivity among these proteins. These results encourage continued consideration of outer membrane proteins in a vaccine. PMID- 6982230 TI - Comparative role of complement in pneumococcal and staphylococcal pneumonia. AB - To evaluate the role of complement in pneumococcal and staphylococcal pneumonia, we decomplemented rats with cobra venom factor and inoculated them intratracheally with Staphylococcus aureus or type 25 pneumococci. S. aureus produced a patchy bronchopneumonia in normal Sprague-Dawley or Lewis rats, and decomplementation did not increase the severity of staphylococcal infection in either rat strain as judged by quantitative cultures of the lungs and blood at 6, 24, and 48 h after inoculation. In contrast, decomplementation markedly increased the severity of pneumonia caused by type 25 pneumococci in Sprague-Dawley and Lewis rats. In Sprague-Dawley rats, decomplementation significantly increased the number of bacteria in the lungs at 3, 6, and 24 h of infection. Bacteremia developed early in decomplemented Sprague-Dawley rats, but the higher pulmonary bacterial counts did not appear to be caused by bacteremic seeding of the lungs. Decomplemented Sprague-Dawley rats inoculated intravenously with pneumococci failed to develop the very high levels of bacteria in the lungs that were observed when the rats were inoculated intratracheally. Moreover, decomplemented Lewis rats inoculated intratracheally with pneumococci developed significantly increased numbers of pneumococci in the lungs early in infection (3 and 6 h) when they had no detectable bacteremia. These data indicate that in murine models complement plays a major protective role against type 25 pneumococci in the lung, whereas complement is not important to host defense in staphylococcal pneumonia. PMID- 6982232 TI - Visceral Leishmania tropica infection of BALB/c mice: cellular analysis of in vitro unresponsiveness to sheep erythrocytes. AB - In mice, infection with Leishmania tropica initially produced a nonspecific enhancement of the immune response to sheep erythrocytes as measured both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the spleen cell responses of susceptible mice (BALB/c) to sheep erythrocytes and T- and B-cell mitogens in vitro decreased dramatically, whereas those of the resistant strain (C57BL/6) returned to normal. Analysis of the spleen cells of infected animals revealed that macrophages (the target cells of Leishmania) were not defective. However, both T- and B-cell depleted splenocyte populations of infected animals lacked the ability to respond in the presence of their corresponding B- and T-cell-depleted populations of normal spleen cells. It was also observed that the addition of various numbers of Leishmania organisms did not alter the response of normal spleen cells in vitro. The results of cocultures of various ratios of cells from the spleen of infected and normal animals ruled out the possibility of a strong active immunosuppression. The decrease of in vitro response is attributed to the depletion of immunocompetent cells in the spleen of infected mice, which is heavily populated by null cells. PMID- 6982231 TI - Antibody to Trichomonas vaginalis in human cervicovaginal secretions. AB - Human cervicovaginal secretions were obtained from patients at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinics at National Taiwan University Hospital and Cathay General Hospital, Republic of China. Among the 500 patients examined, 33 (6.6%) were infected with Trichomonas vaginalis as determined by the culture method. Secretions from 24 of the infected patients and 30 noninfected women were assayed for anti-T. vaginalis immunoglobulins by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. A few serum samples from both infected and noninfected persons were also included in this study. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against T. vaginalis was detected in 17 (70.8%) secretions from the infected women. Among the 17 positive secretions, anti-parasite IgA was found in two specimens, IgE was found in three, and IgM was found in one. Of the 30 secretions, 7 (23.3%) from noninfected women also contained anti-parasite IgG. Low levels of natural anti trichomonad IgG and IgM were detected in the sera of normal persons. Infection with T. vaginalis caused an increase in the serum IgG antibody titer. Cross reaction between T. vaginalis and Pentatrichomonas hominis was also observed. PMID- 6982233 TI - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced immunosuppression: evidence for viral interference with T-cell maturation. AB - Acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection is associated with general immunosuppression which develops during the second week of the infection and persists for several weeks. In the present study, the ability of LCMV infected mice to mount a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response was investigated in a transplantation assay, using LCMV-immunized mice as recipients. By this means it was possible to evaluate the T-cell responsiveness of the acutely infected mice separately. Our results revealed a marked depression of the T-cell function temporally related to immunosuppression in the intact mouse. Furthermore, this hyporesponsiveness could not be explained as an effect of suppressor cells. Occurring shortly before these changes were a drastic decrease in cortical thymocytes and a reduction in T-cell progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen. Our findings are consistent with the assumption that a numerical deficiency of immunocompetent T-cells due to viral interference with T-cell maturation plays an important role in LCMV-induced immunosuppression. PMID- 6982234 TI - Effect of neonatal thymectomy on immune responses of rats to Streptococcus mutans. AB - The effect of neonatal thymectomy on secretory and systemic antibody responses in rats was studied. Groups of normal or thymectomized (Tx) rats were infected or immunized and infected with Streptococcus mutans 6715. Tx rats exhibited a significantly lower level of salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody to S. mutans after a 45- to 65-day infection. Similarly, after multiple local injections of formalinized S. mutans, Tx rats showed a delay in the appearance and lower levels of salivary IgA antibody to S. mutans. Serum IgG antibody levels were also decreased in Tx rats with both experimental protocols. In contrast, salivary IgG and serum IgM anti-S. mutans activity in Tx and normal rats were similar during the experiments. These results demonstrated that thymus deprivation at birth produces profound effects on the ability of rats to manifest secretory IgA antibody responses to the pathogenic microorganism S. mutans. PMID- 6982235 TI - Auto-antibodies in infectious mononucleosis, as determined by ELISA. AB - An increased incidence of abnormal values for anti-DNA, anti deoxyribonucleoprotein (NP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) were found in heterophil antibody-positive infectious mononucleosis (IM). These positive auto-immune reactions were mostly at low levels. Those IM sera which revealed these auto antibodies in the normal range showed mean values which were significantly higher than the mean values seen in normal sera. No correlation was found between the IM heterophil antibody levels and the concentrations of RF, anti-DNA or anti-NP. In the majority of cases, the anti-DNA and anti-NP responses in IM were predominantly of the IgM class. PMID- 6982237 TI - Establishment and cytological characteristics of two in vitro T-cell lines derived from a child with acute lymphatic leukemia and a man with adult T-cell leukemia in Japan. AB - Two permanent T-cell leukemia lines designated KH-1 and KH-2 were established from the peripheral blood of a 9-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a 47-year-old man with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). No T-cell growth factor was used. KH-1 cells grew as single cells and KH-2 cells formed clusters in suspension culture. Erosette formation, the absence of immunoglobulin determinants and Epstein-Barr-virus-associated nuclear antigen, and the presence of T-cell antigens revealed by monoclonal antibodies were characteristics of these cell lines as in other established T-cell leukemia lines. Chromosome analysis at the beginning revealed mosaic presence of cells with 46, XY, t(8q+; 15q-) and 46, XY which was later completely replaced by the latter karyotype in KH-1, and abnormal karyotype, 47, XY, +3, t (8q-; 10p+) was maintained throughout the period of in vitro passage in KH-2. The donor patient of KH-2 formerly lived in the south-western part of Japan where ATL is considered endemic and numerous type-C virus particles were detected electron microscopically, in KH-2 cell pellets. PMID- 6982239 TI - Clinical factors influencing survival and adequacy of revascularization after coronary bypass operation. AB - We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 3479 consecutive patients having coronary bypass surgery. Patients with triple vessel and left main coronary disease had a greater frequency of inotropic requirements than did patients with single or double vessel disease (7.9% and 8.6% versus 3.8% and 4.2%; P less than 0.001). Presence of previous myocardial infarction, heart failure, or left ventricular contraction abnormalities significantly decreased the ability to achieve complete revascularization with bypass grafting. Hospital mortality since 1976 has been 0.8% (25/3040). Hospital mortality was significantly increased by history of myocardial infarction (P less than 0.001), hypertension (P less than 0.05), heart failure (P less than 0.01), extent of anatomic disease (P less than 0.005), presence of preoperative ST-T wave changes (P less than 0.001), and severe abnormalities of left ventricular function (P less than 0.001). Anginal pattern, history of hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, preoperative heart failure but not perioperative myocardial infarction significantly affected long-term survival. Patients with normal left ventricular function had excellent 42-month survival regardless of vessel disease. Inability to achieve complete revascularization did not adversely affect hospital mortality, but did significantly reduce late survival. Although bypass grafting improves survival in patients with multivessel disease and left ventricular dysfunction, the benefits appear to be significantly reduced when left ventricular damage has occurred. PMID- 6982238 TI - Regulator-induced suppression of myelomonocytic leukemic cells: clonal analysis of early cellular events. AB - Mouse WEHI-3B myelomonocytic leukemic cells were cloned in semi-solid agar in the presence of post-endotoxin serum (ES) or semi-purified differentiation factor (DF). At the 2-cell, 4-cell and 8-32-cell stage, individual cells were washed and recloned in control cultures to test for clonogenicity and the ability to form differentiating progeny. With increasing clone size, an increasing proportion of treated cells either failed to proliferate or generated differentiating colonies of reduced size. The observed suppression indicated that both ES and DF exert irreversible effects on leukemic stem cell self-replication within one or two cell cycles. The stem cell suppression observed was markedly asymmetric and most often involved premature differentiation and death of progeny of the affected cells rather than immediate death of the cell. The results are consistent with the possibility that the regulator DF irreversibly modifies one or more of the newly synthesised daughter chromatids of myeloid leukemic cells during the induction of stem cell suppression and differentiation. PMID- 6982236 TI - Polyclonal antibody synthesis by bone marrow cells of New Zealand black mice. I. Assessment of activity in an adoptively transferred histocompatible host. AB - The activity of polyclonal antibody synthesis (PAS) of bone marrow cells (BMC) was assessed by enumerating anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) plaque-forming cells (PFC) or immunoglobulin-secreting cells (IgSC) generated in the spleen of BMC reconstituted syngeneic or H-2-compatible hosts. BMC of NZB mice generated large numbers of anti-TNP PFC or IgSC as compared with those of C57BL/6 mice or H-2 compatible, nonautoimmune strains of mice (BALB/c, DBA/2 and B10 . D2 mice). Causes for the enhanced PAS activity were explored. Susceptibility to known B cell mitogens was examined and it was shown that spleen cells of the recipients of NZB BMC were refractory to the mitogens while PAS was apparent and acquired responsiveness after 15 days as those from nonautoimmune strains of mice. Furthermore, environmental factor(s) did not seem to be responsible for the enhanced PAS, since BMC from nonautoimmune BALB/c mice showed little PAS activity when transferred into heavily irradiated NZB mice and those of NZB mice showed enhanced PAS activity when transferred into B10 . D2 or BALB/c mice. It seems most likely that enhanced PAS activity of BMC of NZB mice is a genetically inherent phenomenon. PAS activity of BMC and spleen cells of NZB mice increased significantly with increasing age of mice. PMID- 6982240 TI - Turning the clock back. PMID- 6982241 TI - Heredity, color vision, and alcoholism. AB - Ninety-two Cree individuals were tested with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test (FM = 100). Information concerning racial membership, age, sex, and drinking behavior was collected. High error scores (for the FM-100) were found in this Cree population. Alcoholic individuals (both abstinent and nonabstinent) had higher error scores than a comparable population of nonalcoholic Cree individuals from the same population. Implications concerning the etiology of alcoholism are discussed. PMID- 6982242 TI - Food fantasies of incarcerated drug users. AB - In a 1966 survey of food preference associations to narcotics, 47 incarcerated male addicts' actual as well as fantasied oral behaviour was studied. A significant preference was expressed for liquid and solid sweets in both the actual and fantasied experience during periods of abstinence. Retrospective, anecdotal reports indicate that the subjects' food preferences are psychologically determined and are chiefly related to infantile components in their personality makeup. The preference for sweets has the quality of a craving, and the substances consumed are thought of as yielding pleasurable effects resembling those of the drug. The hypothesis was substantiated that infantile hunger is the prototype of the adult's morbid craving and that food preferences reflect his type of early psychosexual need. PMID- 6982245 TI - Restoration of impaired immune functions in aging animals. VI. Differential potentiating effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on young and old murine spleen cells. AB - The differential effect of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) on spleen and bone marrow cells of young and old mice was determined in vitro. Both the ability of spleen cells to proliferate and to generate Ig-secreting cells and the capacity of bone marrow cells to generate myeloid colonies were assessed. All three activities assessed in both young and old mice were enhanced by the presence of 2-ME, but a differential effect with respect to age was noted in only one. This was the polyclonal activating antibody response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in which 2-ME enhanced young spleen cells to a greater extent than old spleen cells, although their mitogenic responses to LPS were enhanced to the same extent. The ability of 2-ME to enhance old spleen B cells to proliferate but not differentiate in their response to LPS would suggest that aging alters certain subpopulations of spleen cells, some of which are sensitive and others insensitive to the potentiation effects of 2-ME. The enhancing action of 2-ME on the proliferative activity of LPS-stimulated young spleen cells was reduced drastically by decreasing the number of T cells by prior treatment of spleen cells with anti-T cell reagent. The proliferative activity was then brought back to normal pretreatment level by adding enriched T cells. Therefore it would appear that regulatory T cells are the target of the enhancing action of 2-ME. The failure of old spleen cells to respond vigorously to the polyclonal activating action of LPS and 2-ME individually and in combination would indicate that age-related alterations may be taking place in the B cells and/or the regulatory cells. Young-old spleen cell mixture study indicates that there are regulatory cells in old spleen cells which can inhibit B cell differentiation but not B cell proliferation. PMID- 6982247 TI - Physiologic and anthropometric aspects of vestibular regulation in rowing. AB - The role of the vestibular system during physical exercise has only been rarely analyzed by scientific investigations. An investigation was carried out with the purpose of obtaining information on vestibular regulation in rowers. The process of maintaining balance in the boat and the limiting factors were examined. Twenty beginners and 20 well-trained rowers participated in standardized vestibular tests in the laboratory as well as in the boat (single) on the water. The results suggest that several mechanisms in the physiologic field (torque of the body) are affected by training. The well-trained oarsmen showed a significant minor nystagmus frequency, and this criterion for general vestibular regulation also showed a relationship with the specific ability for maintaining balance in the boat. PMID- 6982244 TI - Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on concanavalin A-induced activation of thymus cells. Role of interleukins. AB - Concanavalin A-induced activation of thymus cells compared to spleen or lymph node activation is extremely sensitive to the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone (HC). This inhibitory effect of thymus cells, as observed at concentrations of 10(-7) M and higher, can be abrogated (at concentrations of up to 10(-5) M HC) by the addition of culture supernatants containing the product of activated T cells- Interleukin 2 (IL2), but not the supernatants containing the product of activated macrophages--Interleukin 1 (IL1). The protective effect of the IL2-containing supernatants can in part be removed by absorption with T cell blasts, but not B cell blasts. These results support the following notion of the mechanism of T cell activation. IL1 induces IL2 production by helper T cells and IL2, in turn, initiates proliferation of the sensitive T cells with IL2 receptors. These observations suggest that the inhibitory effect of HC on thymus cell activation results from inhibition of IL2 production. PMID- 6982249 TI - Selective free radical reactions with proteins and enzymes: a reversible equilibrium in the reaction of (SCN)2 radical with lysozyme. PMID- 6982243 TI - Properties and specificity of binding sites for the immunomodulator bestatin on the surface of mammalian cells. AB - The binding of the immunomodulator bestatin, an inhibitor of cell surface bound leucine aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase B, to mammalian cells of varying origin has been studied. The specific binding of [3H] bestatin was a rapid and saturable process exhibiting one affinity, characterized by an association constant of 0.8 x 10(5) M-1, as determined in the L5178y mouse lymphoma system. Optimal binding was observed at 37 degrees C. L-leucine and L-leucine-beta-naphthylamide prevented the binding, suggesting that the complex was formed between leucine aminopeptidase and bestatin. The protein nature of the bestatin-"receptor" was suggested by its susceptibility to trypsin. Under the conditions used here intracellular translocation of bestatin appeared to be negligible. A maximum of about 2.2 x 10(6) bestatin molecules could bind to L5178y mouse lymphoma cells. Under identical conditions by far the highest amount of bestatin was bound to macrophages from mice. Lower levels were measured with T-lymphocytes; very low binding capacity was observed with B-lymphocytes. Experiments with synchronized L5178y cells revealed a cell cycle dependent change of binding capacity for bestatin; the highest level was observed during the transition from S-to G2 phase and the lowest during G1- and early S phase. These data lend further support to the assumption that the immuno-potentiating activity of bestatin is due to a stimulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation probably mediated through the activation of macrophages. PMID- 6982246 TI - Production of lymphocyte activating factor in the absence of endogenous pyrogen by rabbit or human leukocytes stimulated by a muramyl dipeptide derivative. AB - N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine or MDP is a synthetic immunoadjuvant capable of inducing a febrile response in the rabbit and of eliciting production of endogenous pyrogen (EP) in vivo and in vitro. It was also shown to stimulate in vitro lymphocyte activating factor (LAF) release. After conjugation to a synthetic carrier, the pyrogenic effect of MDP is strongly enhanced. Recently, adjuvant active derivatives of MDP devoid of pyrogenicity such as MDP(Gln)-OnBu (AcMur-L-Ala-D-Gln-alpha-nbutyl ester) have become available. In the present study, their stimulating properties on rabbit peritoneal exudate cells or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were simultaneously evaluated by testing lymphocyte activating property and pyrogenic effect of the culture supernatant. In both types of cell cultures, whereas MDP elicited dual effects, the nonpyrogenic analog MDP(Gln)-OnBu produced LAF without detectable pyrogenicity even when a very sensitive assay (intracerebroventricular administration) was used. In contrast, conjugated MDP was capable of inducing the production of endogenous pyrogen in rabbit cell cultures with no or little LAF release. These results argue against the possibility that a single factor is responsible for both LAF and EP activities. PMID- 6982248 TI - Longitudinal cross-national analysis of coronary mortality. AB - In this study an attempt was made to investigate the application of epidemiological methodology in a cross-national context of studying the variation of coronary mortality. The data on the exposing factors of coronary mortality, the consumption of cigarettes and dairy products, were obtained from OECD statistics, and the data concerning the mortality of coronary heart disease were obtained from World Health Organization statistics. From the correlation and regression analyses performed on the basis of data from 14 countries it appeared that the cross-sectional exposure measurements strongly correlate over decades. For the consumption of cigarettes the time-lag found was from one to two years, while for the consumption of dairy products the respective time-lag was about six to eight years with respect to the effects on the coronary mortality. Because of the small number of observations available the statistical results should not be examined in terms of precise estimates of magnitude but rather in terms of the existence and the direction of relationship between the changes in coronary mortality and the consumption of cigarettes and dairy products. Although the data were insufficient to examine the confounding between the grouping of observations, and length of exposure, they did provide enough information to illustrate the importance of these two methodological aspects in analyses of populations. PMID- 6982250 TI - Oxygen enhancement ratios for glutathione-deficient human fibroblasts determined from the frequency of radiation induced micronuclei. PMID- 6982252 TI - Radiolysis of uracil in N2O-saturated aqueous solutions. Dose-rate effects of the pK value for the yield of consumption. PMID- 6982251 TI - Effect of gamma-irradiation on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in rat thymus cells. PMID- 6982253 TI - Effect of L-cysteine on the dose-effect relationship for chromosome aberrations in irradiated human lymphocytes. PMID- 6982254 TI - Radiation-induced reduction of thymine in aqueous solution. PMID- 6982255 TI - Acute sinusitis in children--symptoms, clinical findings and bacteriology related to initial radiologic appearance. AB - In a series of 175 children with suspected sinusitis the symptoms and clinical signs were compared with the radiologic and bacteriologic findings. URI, purulent nasal secretion and pain were the main symptoms predicting radiologic changes. In 75% of the patients the presence of two or three of these symptoms was co existent with major radiological changes. As assessed by nasopharyngeal culture Haemophilus influenzae seemed to be the major pathogen. PMID- 6982256 TI - Massive intramural duodenal haemorrhage complications E R C P. PMID- 6982257 TI - Von Willebrand's disease in Ireland. PMID- 6982258 TI - The effect of lentinan on production of interleukin-1 by human monocytes. AB - Activated human monocytes produce a monokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1) which can amplify the immune response by inducing antigen specific T cells to elaborate T cell growth factor, or interleukin-2, which in turn causes T cells to proliferate. The immune adjuvant lentinan has been shown in this study to augment IL-1 production by human monocytes. Stimulation of IL-1 by lentinan was seen as early as 5 hr, with some effect as late as 60 hr. Optimal effects were seen with very low concentrations, around 0.1 micrograms/ml. Lentinan was also able to stimulate IL-1 production by the leukemic cell line, K-562. The data reported here suggest that the previously reported adjuvant effects of lentinan may in part be mediated via its ability to stimulate IL-1 production. PMID- 6982259 TI - Identification of "active" T lymphocytes among effector cells in guinea pigs. AB - Guinea pig T lymphocytes have receptors of different affinity for rabbit red blood cells (RRBC): those binding RRBC immediately are termed "active" T cells; the remainder, which bind RRBC only after longer incubation times, are "non active" or "late-rosetting" T cells. We have found that these two subpopulations have different functional characteristics. Active T cells could not be stimulated effectively with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and stimulation with concanavalin A (ConA) increased their DNA synthesis only at high concentrations. The non-active subpopulation responded better to PHA but poorly to ConA. Unseparated (total) T cells, however, responded well to both mitogens, suggesting a helper effect by the active T cells. The presence of monocytes in T-cell cultures further enhanced mitogen-induced DNA synthesis. Active T cells were not present in guinea pig bone marrow, whereas they constituted 10% of all lymphocytes in the thymus, 13% in the spleen, 29% in lymph nodes, and 32% in the peripheral blood. After administration of antigen in vivo, the number of active T cells in the regional lymph node increased, whereas the number of total T cells did not change. The similarity of the active T cell populations in guinea pigs and humans increases the usefulness of these animals for preclinical tests of potential new immunomodulating agents. PMID- 6982260 TI - [Incidence, prevalence and mortality of urolithiasis in West Germany]. PMID- 6982263 TI - Cryptosporidial infection in Idaho dairy calves. PMID- 6982261 TI - Endoscopic findings in the upper respiratory tract of 479 horses. AB - A flexible fiberoptic endoscope was used to examine the upper respiratory tract of 479 horses and 41 (8.6%) had abnormalities. Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) was found in 141 horses (29.5%). Statistical analysis showed a relationship between the age of the horse and the prevalence of PLH. Sixteen (3.3%), 10 (2.1%), and 6 (1.3%), of the horses had laryngeal hemiplegia, epiglottic entrapment, and dorsal displacement of the soft palate, respectively. There was no association between the age of the horse and the prevalence of any of these abnormalities; nor was there a positive correlation between the prevalence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and PLH or laryngeal hemiplegia. PMID- 6982262 TI - Bovine cystic ovarian disease: hereditary relationships and case study. AB - Cystic ovarian disease (COD) was studied in a closed 300-cow dairy herd, using Dairy Herd Improvement Association and individual health records for a 7-year period (1974-1980). There were 2,112 calvings by 649 cows during the period. Cysts were found in 130 cows. Of the 649 cows that calved, 110 (16.9%) produced at least 1 daughter in which COD developed. Two bulls sired 17.6% of the daughters with COD, which was more than anticipated inasmuch as they sired only 11.6% of all daughters (P less than 0.05). These bulls were removed from the breeding program in an attempt to reduce code in the herd. PMID- 6982264 TI - Alterations in the phospholipid composition of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and other bacteria induced by Tris. AB - Alterations in the phospholipid head group composition of most strains of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, as well as Rhodopseudomonas capsulata and Paracoccus denitrificans, occurred when cells were grown in medium supplemented with Tris. Growth of R. sphaeroides M29-5 in Tris-supplemented medium resulted in the accumulation of N-acylphosphatidylserine (NAPS) to as much as 40% of the total whole-cell phospholipid, whereas NAPS represented approximately 28 an 33% of the total phospholipid when R. capsulata and P. denitrificans respectively, were grown in medium containing 20 mM Tris. The accumulation of NAPS occurred primarily at the expense of phosphatidylethanolamine in both whole cells and isolated membranes of R. sphaeroides and had no detectable effect on cell growth under either chemoheterotrophic or photoheterotrophic conditions. Yeast extract (0.1%) and Casamino Acids (1.0%) were found to be antagonistic to the Tris induced (20 mM) alteration in the phospholipid composition of R. sphaeroides. The wild-type strains R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 and RS2 showed no alteration in their phospholipid composition when they were grown in medium supplemented with Tris. In all strains of Rhodospirillaceae tested, as well as in P. denitrificans, NAPS represented between 1.0 and 2.0% of the total phospholipid when cells were grown in the absence of Tris. [32P]orthophosphoric acid entered NAPS rapidly in strains of R. sphaeroides that do (strain M29-5) and do not (strain 2.4.1) accumulate this phospholipid in response to Tris. Our data indicate that the phospholipid head group composition of many Rhodospirillaceae strains, as well as P. denitrificans, is easily manipulated; thus, these bacteria may provide good model systems for studying the effects of these modifications on membrane structure and function in a relatively unperturbed physiological system. PMID- 6982266 TI - Generation and release of DNA-binding vesicles by Haemophilus influenzae during induction and loss of competence. AB - Genetic transformation of bacterial cells required the induction of a state of competence to bind and absorb free DNA molecules. Induction of competence in Haemophilus influenzae was accompanied by the generation on the cell surface of membrane extensions ("blebs") 80 to 100 nm in diameter. When competent cells were returned to normal growth conditions, they shed these structures as free vesicles with a concomitant loss of cellular DNA-binding activity. Purified vesicle preparations retained the ability to bind double-stranded DNA in a nuclease resistant, salt-stable form. Binding was specific for DNA molecules containing the 11-base pair Haemophilus uptake sequence, required Na+ and divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, or Mn2+), and was inhibited by the presence of EDTA or high concentrations of salt (greater than 0.5 M NaCl). Binding was not stimulated by nucleotide triphosphates and was insensitive to the uncoupling agents dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Vesicles contained the major Haemophilus outer membrane proteins and were enriched in several minor proteins. PMID- 6982265 TI - Kinetic analysis of N-acylphosphatidylserine accumulation and implications for membrane assembly in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The accumulation of N-acylphosphatidylserine (NAPS) in response to the inclusion of Tris in the growth medium of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain M29-5 has been examined. In the accompanying paper (Donohue et al., J. Bacteriol. 152:000- 000, 1982), we show that in response to Tris, NAPS accumulated to as much as 40% of the total cellular phospholipid content. NAPS accumulation began immediately upon addition of Tris and was reflected as an abrupt 12-fold increase in the apparent rate of NAPS accumulation. We suggest that Tris altered the flow of metabolites through a preexisting and previously unknown metabolic pathway. NAPS accumulation ceased immediately upon the removal of Tris; however, accumulated NAPS remained largely metabolically stable. Importantly, under conditions in which NAPS was not accumulated, the intracytoplasmic membrane was shown to be virtually devoid of newly synthesized NAPS. The significance of this observation is discussed in terms of its physiological implications on phospholipid transfer and membrane biogenesis in R. sphaeroides. PMID- 6982267 TI - The biosynthesis of rat alpha 1-antitrypsin. PMID- 6982270 TI - Myocardial protection in coronary artery bypass surgery. A study comparing cold cardioplegia and intermittent aortic cross clamping. AB - Twenty patients having elective coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized for myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass with cold cardioplegia and topical deep hypothermia with the Bretschneider solution in one group and intermittent aortic cross clamping at 30 degrees C in another group. The cardioplegic group showed more consistent results with lower CK-MB elevations both in terms of peak values and areas under the time-enzyme activity curves, although no statistical significance was obtained. There were significantly more infarct suspect time-enzyme activity curves in the intermittent cross clamping group (4 vs. O), and therefore, cold cardioplegia is advocated in preference to intermittent cross clamping in coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6982269 TI - Left main coronary artery stenosis: experience of 93 patients. AB - The clinical and angiographic findings in 93 consecutive cases of significant (greater than or equal to 50%) obstruction of the left main coronary artery were studied. This lesion was found in 6.85% of patients who underwent coronary arteriography. 93.5% of patients had presented with angina pectoris, of which 28% had unstable angina. There was one catheter-related death. Follow-up data were available in 90 cases, of which 23 were treated medically. Poor left ventricular function and significant right coronary artery disease adversely influenced the outcome in this group. 67 patients had aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafting. The operative mortality was 18% overall, but 36% in those undergoing emergency surgery (within 48 hours of catheterisation). Poor left ventricular function and electrocardiographic evidence of previous inferior myocardial infarction were associated with poor operative survival. The 55 survivors of surgery had an excellent prognosis with an annual attrition rate of 4% over two year follow-up period. 87% were asymptomatic at follow-up. PMID- 6982268 TI - Classification of malignant lymphomas of the mouse using morphological, immunological, and cytochemical methods: a working proposal. AB - We review techniques used to classify malignant lymphomas of the laboratory mouse. Besides an initial morphologic classification according to the Rappaport scheme for human lymphomas, individual tumor types were further subclassified by use of immunocytological T- and B-cell determinations as well as by histochemical procedures. The results, which allow a certain appraisal of the maturation stage of lymphoma cells, are discussed taking as examples six different experimental mouse lymphomas. PMID- 6982271 TI - Identification of an intracellular postsynaptic antigen at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - A layer of amorphous, electron-dense material is situated at the cytoplasmic surface of the postsynaptic membrane of vertebrate neuromuscular synapses. The function of this structure is not clear, but its location suggests that it may have an important role in the formation and/or maintenance of the synapse. This paper demonstrates that a monoclonal antibody raised against antigens from Torpedo electric organ binds to an intracellular, postsynaptic protein at the frog neuromuscular synapse. Indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of frog muscle was used to demonstrate that the antigen is concentrated at synaptic sites in normal muscle. In denervated muscle, the antigen remains concentrated at synaptic sites, but is also present at extrasynaptic regions of denervated myofibers. The antigen cannot be labeled in intact, whole muscle, but only in whole muscle that has been permeabilized with nonionic detergents. The antibody staining pattern in Triton X-100-permeabilized whole-mounts of the frog neuromuscular synapse is arranged in elongate, arborized areas which are characteristic of the frog neuromuscular synapse. The stained areas are striated and the striations occur with a periodicity that corresponds to the regular folding of the postsynaptic membrane. Immunoferritin labeling of fixed, saponin permeabilized muscle demonstrates that the antigen is associated with amorphous material that is situated between the postsynaptic membrane and an underlying layer of intermediate filaments. The antigen, solubilized from membrane and an underlying layer of intermediate filaments. The antigen, solubilized from Torpedo electric organ by high ionic strength, was identified by antibody binding to nitrocellulose replicas of SDS gels of Torpedo tissue. In Torpedo tissue, the antibody binds to a single protein band at 51,000 daltons (51 kd). The 51-kd protein shares an antigenic determinant with intermediate filament proteins, since a monoclonal antibody to all intermediate filaments reacts with the same 51 kd protein. The monoclonal antibody also reacts with a 55-kd protein in frog skin which is localized to the perinuclear region of the epithelial cells. PMID- 6982274 TI - Migration inhibitory action of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on progenitor cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage growing in culture in the presence of colony stimulating factor (CSF-1). AB - Addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the culture of mouse myeloid stem cells (CFUc) increased the incidence of compact colonies and decreased that of dispersed ones in the presence of colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) which had not such an effect by itself even in high concentrations. Although colony morphology was thus changed, nearly all colonies were composed of monocytes. The incidence of compact colonies increased with the increase of LPS concentration but plateaued at about 50%. Bone marrow cells of LPS-tolerant mice responded to LPS in vitro to a slightly decreased extent. The activity of LPS was decreased by alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the LPS molecule and inhibited by polymixin B, but not by indomethacin, alpha-L-fucose, nor by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. Other immunopotentiating substances, such as OK-432, Lentinan, and Levamisole, had no effect on the colony morphology. Both muramyl dipeptide and poly(I).poly(C) were also ineffective. Furthermore, the action of LPS was not abolished by the use of heat-inactivated serum in the culture. LPS was no longer stimulative for the induction of lysosomal enzymes in the CSF-stimulated culture, although it greatly enhanced the enzyme induction in the unstimulated culture. These results indicate that the cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage develop the capacity for migration before they become responsive to LPS, and that the LPS-responding monocytic cells can proliferate even in a state of confluence induced by LPS. PMID- 6982272 TI - Immature megakaryocytes in the mouse: in vitro relationship to megakaryocyte progenitor cells and mature megakaryocytes. AB - An assay describing conditions for the maturation of single immature megakaryocytes in vitro is reported. Enriched populations of small, relatively immature megakaryocytes have been found to develop into single, mature megakaryocytes by 60 hours in semisolid agar cultures. Continued incubation of these cells did not lead to the formation of colonies within 5-7 days. Maturation was indicated by increasing cell size and cytoplasmic and acetylcholinesterase content. Factors stimulating the development of immature megakaryocytes were found in preparations of human embryonic kidney cell-conditioned media (a source of in vivo Thrombopoietic Stimulatory Factor), peritoneal exudate cell conditioned medium, lung-conditioned medium, or bone marrow cellular sources of activity (adherent cells or cells that sediment at 5-6 mm hr-1). Immature megakaryocytes cultured serum free responded to sources of an auxiliary megakaryocyte potentiating activity by developing into single, large megakaryocytes but did not respond to a megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor devoid of detectable potentiator activity present in WEH1-3-conditioned medium. In contrast, serum-free proliferation of the megakaryocyte progenitor cell required both megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor and the auxiliary potentiator activity. In the presence of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor alone, progenitor cells did not form colonies of easily detectable megakaryocytes. However, groups of cells comprised entirely of small acetylcholinesterase containing immature megakaryocytes were observed, thus establishing that megakaryocyte colony development passes through a stage of immature cells prior to detectable megakaryocyte development and that some acetylcholinesterase-containing cells can undergo cellular division. PMID- 6982273 TI - Effects of GM-CSF deprivation on precursors of granulocytes and macrophages. AB - Culture of C57BL bone marrow cells in the absence of GM-CSF led to a loss of recoverable granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells of 2% per hour. The rate of loss of progenitor cells in cultures of CBA fetal liver cells was 5-6% per hour. Surviving colony-forming cells exhibited a normal responsiveness to GM-CSF but generated smaller colonies than normal when subsequently stimulated by GM CSF. Transfer of washed individual day-3 granulocyte-macrophage colony cells to cultures lacking GM-CSF indicated that most cells were unable to survive or proliferate in the absence of GM-CSF. Death of transferred cells was rapid and invariable when the cells were from macrophage-forming colonies. However some cells from 40-70% of granulocyte-forming colonies were able to undergo one or two divisions in the absence of GM-CSF. This phenomenon was seen most often with cells from colonies where matching colony cells exhibited a higher-than-average proliferative capacity in parallel stimulated cultures. The results indicate the difficulty that will be encountered in obtaining valid metabolic data from unstimulated populations of granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells. The ability of some granulocyte precursor cells to exhibit limited proliferation following GM CSF deprivation suggests that significant amounts of GM-CSF may be bound to or be internalized in some precursor cells and result in cell division in the absence of GM-CSF from culture medium. PMID- 6982275 TI - Presence of human epidermal growth factor in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Human epidermal growth factor (gEGF), a potent stimulator of the growth of many tissues in culture, has been isolated from human urine and subsequently identified in many human biological fluids. We have partially purified and characterized hEGF-like substance(s) from human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and determined the concentrations of immunoreactive (IR) hEGF in CSF obtained from patients with a variety of neurological diseases. Competitive binding curves generated by the CSF samples appeared to be parallel to standard hEGF both in RIA and radioreceptor assays using human placental membrane. Sephadex G-50 gel exclusion chromatography of the CSF extract revealed a single peak of IR-hEGF which coeluted with standard hEGF. The apparent mol wt of the CSF hEGF-like substances(s) was estimated to be 8000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate poplyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its approximate pI was 4.5 as determined by isoelectric focusing. The concentrations of IR-hEGF in CSF from patients with pituitary and brain tumors and radiculomyelopathy were significantly higher than those from control subjects, while neither patients with hydrocephalus nor encephalomeningitis had CSF IR-hEGF levels statistically different from the control subjects. The presence of hEGF-like substance(s) in human CSF suggests that it may play an important physiological role in the function of the human nervous tissues but does not provide any evidence of its source. PMID- 6982276 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies specific for T cell subsets in cutaneous disorders: II. Immunomorphological studies in blood and skin lesions. AB - The phenotype of the cutaneous immunocompetent cells in lesions of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome), lichen planus, and chronic graft-vs.-host reaction infiltrates, was examined by the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell populations and Langerhans cells (OKT3, OKT4, OKT5, OKT6, OKT8) (BL2, BL6). In Sezary syndrome, the phenotype of the Sezary cell is homogeneous (OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-, OKT6-, BL2-) and corresponds to the phenotype expressed by the normal helper T cell population. At the ultrastructural level, the discontinuous distribution of OKT4 and OKT3 antigenic sites on the cell surface is similar to the HTLA antigens. In skin lesions, the Langerhans cells expressed two specificities shared by normal thymocytes (OKT6 and BL6). We propose that the expression of these antigens could be related to the epithelial microenvironment (epithelium-dependent differentiation antigens). The tumoral lymphoid cells infiltrating the skin showed the same phenotype (helper type) as the circulating Sezary cells (OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-, OKT6-). Moreover, the OKT3+ cells also expressed HLA-DR antigens and corresponded to activated T lymphocytes. In lichen planus, our results suggest an immunological reaction similar to a delayed hypersensitivity reaction which includes all of the immunocompetent cell subpopulations, with a first stage of formation by Langerhans cells (OKT6+, BL6+, HLA-DR+) and helper cells, and a second stage mediated by suppressor/cytotoxic cells. The results from the study of graft-vs. host reaction also suggest a cytotoxic effect mediated by suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT3+, OKT4-, OKT8+, HLA-DR+). PMID- 6982277 TI - OKT8 human phenotype expressed by Papio papio monkey lymphocytes. AB - The potential cross-reactivity between human and Papio papio monkey lymphocyte antigens was investigated using various monoclonal antibodies specific for human T cell subsets and HLA-DR antigens. Monkey circulating lymphocytes expressed the OKT8 antigen, specific for the suppressor/cytotoxic T cell population and the HTLA antigens. These reactivities were also detected on lymphoid cells in the thymus and lymph nodes of the Papio monkey. PMID- 6982279 TI - Phenotypic diversity of T cell leukemias. AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies and additional selective markers (e.g. TdT) have been used to describe the detailed composite phenotypes expressed by cells in 172 cases of T cell leukemia. The results provide further evidence for a striking correlation between phenotype, maturation arrest, and clinical subgroup, and have important implications for our understanding of the origins of T cell malignancy. PMID- 6982278 TI - Cyclosporin-A and the OKT3 monoclonal antibody exert their respective inhibitory and mitogenic activity on T cells by interacting with the same receptors. AB - Cyclosporin-A strongly suppressed proliferation of T cells induced by the OKT3 monoclonal antibody when added at the beginning of the cultures but not when added 72 hr later. The inhibitory activity of Cyclosporin-A became apparent during the first 48 hr and was maintained throughout the culture period. Cyclosporin-A significantly inhibited binding of OKT3, but not OKT4 or OKT8, antibodies to T cells as determined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. In addition, Cyclosporin-A suppressed the killing of 51Cr labelled T cells mediated by OKT3 antibody plus complement, whereas Cyclosporin-A did not alter the lysis of T cells by OKT4 antibody plus complement treatment. These results strongly suggest that Cyclosporin-A and OKT3 antibody exert their respective suppressive and mitogenic activity on T cells by interacting with the same receptor. PMID- 6982280 TI - Alterations in immunoregulatory cells in lung cancer and smoking. PMID- 6982281 TI - [The treatment of pseudoarthrosis using electrical and magnetic stimulation]. PMID- 6982282 TI - [Chromosomal proteins of the bullfrog and tadpole, Rana catesbeiana]. PMID- 6982283 TI - Aberrant multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor in a new variant of von Willebrand's disease (type IIC). AB - A variant of von Willebrand's disease has been identified in which sodium dodecyl sulfate agarose electrophoresis provides evidence that the von Willebrand factor present is structurally abnormal. Rather than the repeating triplet seen in normal subjects and in patients with the IIA and IIB variants, a repeating doublet was present in the propositus. None of the bands had the same mobility as bands in normal subjects or previously described von Willebrand's disease patients. The larger multimers of von Willebrand factor were lacking both from plasma and platelets, and did not appear in the circulation after infusion of 1 deamino-[8-D-arginine]-vasopressin. There was a marked increase in the concentration of the smallest multimer in the propositus and his phenotypically normal children, indicating that this abnormality of von Willebrand factor is inherited in an autosomal-recessive manner. PMID- 6982284 TI - Three step purification of C1q by DNA precipitation, ion exchange and lectin affinity chromatography. AB - The difficulties associated with the isolation of pure C1q in sufficient amounts are reflected by the substantial number of isolation procedures, which are being published. The two major problems are a low yield and contaminating immunoglobulins. In addition, some isolation protocols appear to produce C1q contaminated with an inhibitor (C1q-INH). The present isolation protocol involves precipitation of C1q by DNA, chromatography using Sephadex QAE A 50 followed by Con A affinity chromatography. By this combination of purification steps maximal advantage was taken of the cationic properties and high carbohydrate content of the C1q molecule. The yield was 1-2 mg C1q per 100 ml serum. The isolated C1q was free of any demonstrable contaminants as demonstrated by Ouchterlony double diffusion and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6982286 TI - Failure of host axons to regenerate through a once successful but later rejected long nerve allograft. AB - Host axons will regenerate through a long nerve allograft in an immunologically tolerant rat. However, if tolerance is abolished, rejection occurs and allogeneic cells (e.g., Schwann, vascular, perineurial, etc.) as well as regenerated host axons disappear from the allograft. Because following tolerance abolition host axons begin to regenerate into the connective tissue remnants of the rejected nerve allografts, the extent of this renewed axonal growth was investigated. It was found that in a tolerance-abolished rat, host axons only regrew in to the proximal 1 cm of a 4-cm allograft which in a fully tolerant recipient would have had numerous allogeneic Schwann cell-myelinated axons throughout its length. It is concluded that viable allogenic cells (i.e., Schwann, fibroblast, and vascular) together with their connective tissue matrix provide the best way to aid host nerve fiber regeneration through a long nerve allograft. PMID- 6982285 TI - Antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus-how common? AB - A review of five years' DNA-binding antibody results in a routine service laboratory revealed 38 patients who had high DNA-binding capacity (DNA-bc) but no antinuclear antibodies (ANA). On retrospective case note analysis, 22 patients (58%) were thought to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), although only six (16%) fulfilled the preliminary classification criteria of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA). Our findings indicate that ANA-negative SLE is commoner than generally realised and lead us to recommended the measurement of DNA-bc in every case where clinically appropriate. PMID- 6982288 TI - Spinal cord development in anuran larvae: II. Ascending and descending pathways. AB - The ontogeny of ascending and descending spinal pathways was examined in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles using the transported histochemical marker, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The adult pattern of brainstem projections to lumbar spinal cord is evident as early as larval stage I (Taylor and Kollros, Anat. Rec., 94:7-24, 1946), although the number and size of projecting cells increases as the animal matures. These projections arise from presumptive hypothalamic neurons at the diencephalic-mesencephalic border as well as from neurons of the vestibular nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, and reticular formation. In contrast to the stability of the pattern of descending projections, the sources of fibers ascending to the brainstem change during larval life. In early larval stages, brainstem projections from lumbar spinal cord arise primarily from Rohon-Beard cells and neurons of the superficial dorsal horn. In later stages, neurons in the intermediate and ventral areas of the spinal gray can also be retrogradely labeled by HRP application to the brainstem at the level of the VIIIth nerve. Evidence of the existence of dorsal column and lateral cervical nuclei in adult frog and tadpoles older than stage VIII is presented. The ascending projections of embryonically born primary neurons were also investigated. Rohon-Beard cells, which are sensory neurons with their cell bodies in the spinal cord, were found to send ascending processes as least as far rostral as the level of the VIIIth nerve entry zone. Anterolateral and dorsal marginal cells, probable homologs, respectively, of mammalian spinal border cells and cells of Waldeyer (1888), were also found to project rostrally at least to the rhombencephalon. These marginal cells persisted through metamorphosis into adulthood. PMID- 6982287 TI - Spinal cord development in anuran larvae: I. Primary and secondary neurons. AB - The spinal cord of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpole contains primary neurons, born during embryonic stages, and secondary neurons born for the most part during larval stages. Electrophysiological and anatomical characteristics of these two categories of neurons were examined during larval development to trace the development of secondary neurons and to determine whether primary neurons persist into adult life or are replaced by secondary neurons. Five classes of primary neuron were identified on the basis of their distinctive locations, morphologies, cytoplasmic melanin content, and presence at the earliest larval stages examined: primary motoneurons, Rohon-Beard cells, commissural cells, dorsal marginal cells, and anterolateral marginal cells. Secondary neurons of the lateral motor column and dorsal root ganglia underwent extensive developmental changes during larval life manifested both in anatomical studies with horseradish peroxidase and electrophysiological experiments on the isolated spinal cord. Primary motoneurons that innervate the tadpole tail were not found in the adult, although those innervating thoracic musculature persisted, as did at least some primary neurons projecting to other spinal segments or brainstem. Primary neurons are thus replaced or maintained through metamorphosis depending on their class and location. PMID- 6982289 TI - Sunscreens for delay of ultraviolet induction of skin tumors. AB - Sunscreens with different sun protection factors (SPFs) have been tested for their capability of delaying or preventing actinic damage and skin cancer development in groups of hairless, pigmented mice exposed to artificial ultraviolet (UV) light of increasing intensity. The dose delivered was less than or equal to 1 minimal erythema dose (MED) in the group of untreated mice, so that the mice to which sunscreens were applied never obtained a sunburn after UV exposure. The quality of UV light was similar to bright midday sun at a latitude of 56 degrees (city of Copenhagen). Tumorigenesis was demonstrated to be delayed corresponding to the SPF claimed by the manufacturer, but almost all of the UV irradiated mice developed skin tumors. Histologic examination revealed actinic degeneration and tumors of squamous cell type with marked variation in differentiation. Metastases to lymph nodes and lungs were found in only 10%. Toxic reactions, such as eczematous-like skin reactions, dark coloring, and amyloidosis, were observed predominantly in the group treated with the sunscreen of highest SPF value. Long-term investigations seem to be necessary to unveil these problems--in particular, the specific SPF value, in sunscreens, that should be recommended to the public for prevention or delay of actinic damage and/or cancer development. PMID- 6982290 TI - Fears and phobias in women: a community study. PMID- 6982291 TI - Painful mandibular and maxillary bone lesions in a young adult. PMID- 6982292 TI - Diagnosis and management of rheumatic diseases in older patients. AB - The young and the old move differently, yet there are standards of normality for each. Chronic diseases of the joints, with their concomitant stiffness and pain, cause more fear of an impending crippling disability and loss of life space and content than actual pain and stiffness. Thus, a prime goal of physicians who treat patients who have chronic musculoskeletal diseases is to allay this fear by correcting misconceptions about arthritic diseases. Drug therapy can relieve the pain and stiffness and control the inflammation that causes these symptoms. Important aspects of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and polymyalgia rheumatica, a closely related disorder, are emphasized to point out the difficulty of the differential diagnosis of these diseases in older patients and the need for realistic therapeutic goals. A combination-drug regimen, with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for alleviation of pain and control of inflammation and an analgesic drug for relief of residual pain, is the drug therapy of choice within the context of a total management program. By addressing both the physiologic and the psychologic aspects of musculoskeletal disease, physicians can help patients lead more active and useful lives. PMID- 6982293 TI - Gastrointestinal consequences of treatment with drugs in elderly patients. AB - The aging process affects many organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common effect is decreased motility, which may result in patient discomfort and various alterations in absorption. Concurrent pathologic conditions, common in the elderly, can lead in turn to the use of many pharmaceuticals, either alone or in combination. Untoward reactions to these drugs, when they occur, are often manifest in the gastrointestinal tract. Agents that may cause gastrointestinal bleeding include aspirin, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, antimetabolites, and agents used in cancer chemotherapy. Ethanol or aspirin or other drugs can cause erosive gastritis. PMID- 6982294 TI - [Anatomo-clinical and therapeutic aspects of Candida albicans endophthalmitis]. AB - Endophthalmia due to Candida has increased in incidence over the last few years, particularly in drug addicts. Two cases of severe bilateral Candida albicans endophthalmia are reported. Histological examination of the globes following treatment by amphotericin B i.v. and secondary vitrectomy demonstrated persistence of Candida, particularly in the preretinal membrane, in the first case. Treatment in the second case consisted of amphotericin B i.v. and 5 fluorocytosine, associated with vitrectomy and an intravitreal injection of 5 micrograms of amphotericin B. Fungal elements were absent on histological examination of the globes. Ocular Candida albicans lesions may be of exogenous origin but contamination arises more frequently from an endogenous source. The resulting endophthalmia leads to retinal nodules having a tendency to extend into the vitreous. Clinical features are fairly typical and diagnosis not a problem. General treatment consists of combined administration of amphotericin B and 5 fluorocytosine, but results are often disappointing as effective penetration of these compounds into the intraocular zone is not obtained. Early vitrectomy, when a vitreal lesion exists, offers many advantages such as the possibility to identify Candida in the removed aqueous humor. As histological examination shows persistence of Candida in the preretinal membrane, the vitrectomy should be combined with intravitreal injections of amphotericin B. PMID- 6982295 TI - The psoriatic hand. PMID- 6982298 TI - An efficient method for purification of human T-cell growth factor. AB - A 1000-fold purification of human T-cell growth factor (TCGF) was achieved starting from supernatants of human spleen cells stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in culture medium containing 0.5% serum. The purification scheme involved precipitation with ammonium sulphate, gel filtration and blue-Sepharose chromatography. The use of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) was critical during the chromatographic steps in order to obtain high final recoveries or activity (40-50%). Purified preparations of TCGF labelled with 125I by the chloramine T method revealed that the activity co-migrated with 2 molecular species of 14,000-17,000 daltons in SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. PMID- 6982297 TI - Limit-dilution assay and clonal expansion of all T cells capable of proliferation. AB - A limit-dilution microculture system is presented in which almost all mature T cells, cultured at a level of about 1 cell/well, grow and expand to clones averaging 60,000 cells over an 8-9 day period. Cloning efficiency is 70-100%, so the set of the expanded clones is representative of the starting T-cell population. T cells of all Lyt phenotypes form clones of progeny cells. The system involves culture in flat-bottom microtitre trays, in the presence of concanavalin A as the initiating stimulus, together with appropriately irradiated spleen filler cells and a supplementary source of soluble T cell growth factors. The resultant clones may be screened for cytolytic function, as described in the accompanying paper. The system may be used to assay the level of T cells capable of expansion or precursor function (PTL-p) by using [3H]TdR uptake as a readout for the presence or absence of proliferating clones. Analysis of the frequency of positive cultures shows a good fit to the expected Poisson distribution, with no evidence of complicating suppressor or helper effects. PMID- 6982296 TI - Semi-automated limit-dilution assay and clonal expansion of all T-cell precursors of cytotoxic lymphocytes. PMID- 6982299 TI - Diagnostic utility of BCG test in children. PMID- 6982300 TI - Colour blindness among students. PMID- 6982302 TI - Chylopericardial tamponade following myocardial revascularization. PMID- 6982301 TI - Fc receptor-defined T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - The distribution of peripheral blood T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (T gamma) and IgM (T mu) was determined in 18 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (Sezary syndrome, mycosis fungoides) and 15 normal controls. The mean percent of T mu and T gamma cells in the patients with morphologically normal lymphocytes was similar to that of the control subjects. In 13 patients with circulating malignant cells representing 30-100% of their peripheral blood lymphocytes, the mean percentages of T mu and T gamma were low. In 9 patients the majority of the malignant T cells did not exhibit Fc receptors for IgG or IgM. In some patients, however, high blood lymphocyte counts resulted in normal or high concentrations of all the T-cell subsets. Further, in 4 patients, lymphocytes with the characteristic nuclear abnormalities of "Sezary/mycosis" cells were found in both the T mu and T gamma, as well as the Tnon gamma non mu, subpopulations. The heterogeneity of the Fc receptors on cutaneous T-cell lymphoma lymphocytes suggests that these receptors are not useful as clonal markers in these disorders. PMID- 6982304 TI - Regulation of azophenylarsonate-specific repertoire expression. 1. Frequency of cross-reactive idiotype-positive B cells in A/J and BALB/c mice. AB - A large proportion of p-azophenylarsonate (ARS)-specific antibodies from A/J mice share a cross-reactive idiotype (CRIA) that comprises a family of closely related but nonidentical clonotypes. I determined that only 2.6 % (7 out of 267) A/J ARS specific monoclonal antibodies generated in the splenic focus system possess the predominant CRIA. Because ARS-specific B cells are present at a frequency of 1/68,000 B cells, the frequency of the entire idiotype family is 1 per 2.8 X 10(6) splenic B cells. Thus, there is a striking discrepancy between the representation of this idiotype at the clonal precursor cell level and the serum antibody response. In addition, BALB/c mice have the potential to generate CRIA positive precursor cells within their nonimmune repertoire. When A/J mice are immunized with ARS-protein conjugates, the serum antibody response and precursor cell population are both dominated by CRIA. The frequency of CRIA-positive B cells increases over 100-fold after immunization, whereas CRIA-negative precursor cells may initially decrease, followed by a later rise in frequency. Finally, although ARS-specific precursor cells are present in high frequency at birth, CRIA-positive monoclonal anti-ARS antibodies are not observed during the early neonatal period. These data provide evidence to suggest that complex regulatory networks influence precursor cell and serum antibody expression. PMID- 6982303 TI - Correlated expression of T cell growth factor dependence, sensitivity to Vicia villosa lectin, and cytolytic activity in hybrids between cytolytic T cells and T lymphomas. AB - Somatic cell fusion between cytolytically active, T cell growth factor- (TCGF) dependent murine T cell lines (CTL lines) and noncytolytic, TCGF-independent murine T lymphoma lines has yielded two types of somatic cell hybrids (5): cytolytic hybrids, growth of which is dependent on TCGF, and hybrids with very weak or undetectable cytolytic activity which grow at the same rate with or without TCGF. Here we report that the former can produce stable variants that resemble the latter type. Some of these TCGF-independent variants still have TCGF receptors. High susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of Vicia villosa lectin, a marker distinguishing the parental CTL lines from T lymphomas, is expressed by the TCGF-dependent hybrids but not by the TCGF-independent variants. The two types of hybrids also differ in the expression of surface glycoproteins. We propose that there exists a genetic element in the CTL line that represses the TCGF-independent replication mechanism of the T lymphoma parent in the TCGF dependent hybrids and that this genetic element is lost or switched off in the TCGF-independent variants. PMID- 6982305 TI - Homologies between cell interaction molecular controlled by major histocompatibility complex- and Igh-V-linked genes that T cells use for communication. Tandem "adaptive" differentiation of producer and acceptor cells. AB - We have asked the question: how do partner cells in immunoregulatory interactions between T cell subsets acquire the ability to recognize and react appropriately with one another? In particular, we have asked whether these communication events are completely determined by the cell's genetic constitution, or whether the recognition events can be learned during ontogeny. We have found that the T cells of parent into F1 chimeras and homozygous nude mice with F1 thymus grafts not only learn to react with genetically disparate acceptor cells, but that the receptors on the acceptor cells themselves learn to react with genetically disparate producer cells. This learning process can overcome both major histocompatibility complex- and immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region-linked restricted communication between T cell subsets. We interpret these findings to indicate that thymic elements can start a cascade of differential events. The thymic elements, whether endogenous or passively acquired, select from a pool of producer cells those that will react appropriately with the thymic selecting cells, and these cells become expanded. Then, the private markers (idiotype) on the expanded pool of producer cells act as selecting and expanding elements that choose from a pool of acceptor cells those that recognize the producer cells idiotype as self. This second differentiational event, although apparently thymus evidence that this type of acceptor cell differentiation could also take place during the course of an immune response. PMID- 6982306 TI - Major histocompatibility complex-restricted self-recognition in responses to trinitrophenyl-ficoll. Adaptive differentiation and self-recognition by B cells. AB - The present study has examined the possibility of TNP-Ficoll-responsive B cells recognize the MHC determinants expressed by the accessory cells with which they interact for the generation of T cell-independent responses to "high" concentrations (10(-2) micrograms/ml) of TNP-Ficoll. In experiments with B cells from normal mice, it was found that MHC homology between the TNP-Ficoll responsive B cells and accessory cells was not required. Nevertheless, TNP-Ficoll responsive B cells from both fully allogeneic (A leads to B) and F1 leads to parent radiation bone marrow chimeras were triggered by accessory cells expressing host-type, but not uniquely donor-type, MHC determinants. The MHC gene products responsible for this apparent B cell-accessory restriction were encoded in the left side, i.e., the K and/or I-A region, of H-2. Such genetic restrictions were shown not to be imposed by the residual T cells contaminating the chimeric B cell populations because T cell reconstitution experiments using "unrestricted" F1 T cells from normal mice did not fully overcome the marked preference of the chimeric B cells for accessory cells expressing appropriate (host-type) MHC determinants. To directly determine whether TNP-Ficoll-responsive B cells from fully allogeneic chimeras are unable to recognize and cooperate with syngeneic strain A accessory cells, unfractionated spleen cells from A leads to B chimeras are co-cultured with unfractionated spleen cells from essentially syngeneic normal strain A mice. In such co-cultures, all the accessory cells express strain A MHC determinants, and all T cell requirements would be fulfilled by the T cells present in the normal strain A spleen cell population. After stimulation of the co-cultures with TNP-Ficoll, it was found that virtually all the PFC that had been generated in the co-cultures were derived from the normal B cell population, and essentially none were derived from the chimeric A leads to B B cell population. The failure of the chimeric B cells to be activated in such co cultures was specifically due to their maturation in a fully allogeneic host environment because TNP-Ficoll-responsive B cells from A leads to (A X B) F1 chimeric mice were successfully triggered in co-cultures with normal spleen cells. These experiments demonstrated that the co-culture conditions did fulfill the MHC restriction requirements for activating TNP-Ficoll-responsive strain A B cells that had matured in a syngeneic or semi-syngeneic differentiation environment, but did not fulfill the MHC restriction requirements for activating TNP-Ficoll-responsive strain A B cells that had matured in a fully allogeneic differentiation environment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that (a) TNP-Ficoll-responsive B cells recognize the MHC determinants expressed by accessory cells, and (b) their MHC specificity is influenced by the MHC haplotype of the host environment in which the B cells had differentiated. PMID- 6982308 TI - Unstable angina and the intermediate syndrome. PMID- 6982307 TI - A monoclonal anti-DC1 antibody selectivity inhibits the generation of effector T cells mediating specific cytolytic activity. AB - The products of the DC locus have been shown to be structurally different from those of the DR locus. In this paper it is shown that, unlike anti-DR antibodies, a monoclonal antibody directed against DC1 does not affect proliferation of T cells in response to alloantigens or soluble antigens or production of Ig in a pokeweed mitogen-stimulated in vitro culture. However, the anti-DC1 inhibits the generation of effector T cells mediating specific cytolytic activity, whereas no inhibitory effect can be observed on natural killer and antibody-dependent cytotoxic cell activities. PMID- 6982309 TI - Development of peroxisomes in amphibians. II. Cytochemical and biochemical studies on the liver, kidney, and pancreas. AB - The ontogeny of catalase-containing organelles was studied by cytochemical and biochemical methods in the liver, kidney, and pancreas during the development of Rana catesbeiana. The biochemical differentiation of peroxisome in the liver and kidney was compared to that of Xenopus laevis. Catalase activity was localized after incubation in DAB medium and studied biochemically by a spectrophotometric method. In Rana Catesbeiana the number of catalase-positive organelles per cell section is low in all three organs during premetamorphosis; their number increases substantially in the liver and kidney of froglets, while it remains almost stable in the pancreas. No further increase is observed in the adult. Biochemically, the liver, kidney, and pancreas of tadpoles exhibit, respectively, 12,22 and 63% of the catalase activity found in the adult tissues. After metamorphosis an important increase of catalase activity is particularly noted in liver and kidney, the activity being, respectively, 43 and 77% of that of adult bullfrogs. On the other hand, no change in catalase activity in the liver and kidney is noted during the entire development of Xenopus laevis. The present study illustrates the very different developmental pattern of catalase activity observed during the development of two anuran amphibians. The different development pattern of the same enzyme within the small intestine, liver, kidney, and pancreas in Rana catesbeiana is also stressed. PMID- 6982310 TI - Early onset of the "on-off" phenomenon in children with symptomatic Parkinsonism. AB - Many patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease treated with levodopa for more than five years develop fluctuations in their clinical response to this drug. Such fluctuations may be unpredictable, but more commonly occur in a regular pattern related to the size and timing of the levodopa dosage. Theories as to their cause have emphasised both the progression of the underlying Parkinson's disease and the possibility of a late side-effect of levodopa. We report two children with Parkinsonism, one after recurrent obstructive hydrocephalus and the other following an encephalitic illness. Both patients had striking improvement with levodopa, but developed predictable and unpredictable dramatic response fluctuations within weeks of starting levodopa therapy. This suggests that neither the pathology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, nor the long-term use of levodopa are essential for the development of predictable or unpredictable fluctuations in response to levodopa therapy. PMID- 6982311 TI - Defective production of interferon-alpha associated with HLA-DW2 antigen in stable multiple sclerosis. AB - Interferon (IFN) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after induction with one purified and three crude viral antigens was studied in 29 patients with stable multiple sclerosis (MS) and 29 healthy controls. Antiviral substance produced was characterized as interferon-alpha. MS patients produced significantly less IFN-alpha after induction with mumps and purified measles virus antigens and the same tendency was seen after induction with rubella virus antigen. However, when herpes simplex virus antigen was used as the stimulating agent, no difference was seen between MS patients and controls. The decreased ability to produce IFN-alpha was associated with the histocompatibility antigen Dw2. Control subjects positive for Dw2 also produced less IFN-alpha than Dw2 negative controls. In conclusion, we suggest that the observed impaired interferon-alpha production in MS is at least partially due to a high prevalence of Dw2 antigen in this disease. PMID- 6982312 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with multiple sclerosis. A longitudinal study of serum and CSF by C1q and platelet binding tests. AB - Two hundred and twenty-eight paired serum and CSF samples collected from 31 patients with MS during a 2-3-year follow-up were analyzed for the presence of immune complexes (IC) by C1q RIA and PIPA (platelet [125I]protein A) techniques. One hundred and forty-four sera from 11 healthy individuals were analyzed as controls. In almost all patients (29/31) IC were detectable during some period of the disease, as tested by either of the techniques. The results obtained by C1q RIA and PIPA correlated positively with each other in MS when mean serum values of each patient were compared. The mean CSF IC levels detected by C1q RIA appeared to correlate to the mean IgG indexes, an indicator of the intrathecal rate of IgG synthesis. The amount of IC in serum and CSF fluctuated independently in MS. The results of the PIPA test for MS serum IC correlated significantly to the duration of the disease. The PIPA test results also showed that patients in stable or chronic phases of MS displayed IC in serum and CSF more often than patients with a relapsing/remitting course of disease but there was no clear correlation between fluctuations in IC levels in individual patients measured by C1q RIA or PIPA techniques and the disease course. Because of the lack of a clear correlation between the presence, quantity and fluctuation of IC and the clinical picture we suggest that those IC detected in the present study are probably not a precipitating factor in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6982314 TI - Nickel-induced changes and reappraisal of Rosenthal fibers in focal CNS lesions. AB - Nickel (Ni) wire implants into the CNS of Lewis rats induce the formation of structures morphologically similar to Rosenthal fibers (RF) seen in human conditions. We describe in detail the time courses of Ni-induced changes in rat astrocytes and compare the Ni-induced RF with RF occurring in focal lesions. Immunocytochemistry at the level of electron microscopy suggests that the Ni induced RF are largely made up of plasma proteins. We suggest that the mechanism of RF formation and possibly the protein composition of RF depends on the condition in which they are found. PMID- 6982313 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of acetylcholine receptor turnover at the normal end plate and in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. AB - Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) deficiency at the myasthenic end-plate has been attributed to complement-mediated lysis of the junctional folds and to increased fractional degradation rate of AChR cross-linked by myasthenic immunoglobulin. This paper addresses the manner in which AChR is internalized and degraded at the normal end-plate and provides morphologic evidence for accelerated AChR degradation at the end-plate of rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). We sequentially traced the fate of end-plate AChR labeled in vivo with intramuscularly-injected peroxidase-alpha-bungarotoxin (PBGT) in control rats and rats with chronic EAMG. At both control and EAMG end-plates, AChR is internalized by endocytosis. The endocytosed vesicles containing AChR are transferred into the lysosomal compartment which extends from the junctional folds into the junctional sarcoplasm. Regardless of whether the initial intensity of the reaction for AChR at the EAMG end-plate appeared normal or reduced. AChR disappeared more rapidly from the EAMG than from the control end-plates. Despite the accelerated fractional turnover rate of end-plate AChR in EAMG, the postsynaptic membrane surface which could be labeled with PBGT for AChR remained unchanged over a 120-hour period. These data suggest that end-plate AChR is at a steady state in chronic EAMG. PMID- 6982316 TI - Evaluating a hospital nursing internship. PMID- 6982315 TI - Determination of organ volume by single-photon emission tomography. AB - A method for estimation of organ volume is proposed, based on analysis of individual slices obtained from SPET images. In a phantom simulating clinical circumstances, the data show that the level a threshold at 46% of the maximum activity predicts most closely the true volume over a wide range above one liter. The level at 45% predicted better volumes of less than one liter. For phantoms of 839 ml or less, the error was 6.3 ml (one standard error of estimation). This level seems to be independent of the plane or position of the phantom and also independent of the amount of scattering material around it. Nonradioactive voids ("holes") within a phantom may be included or excluded at will when their edges are not tangent to the edge of the phantom. In such cases, their edges are not distinguishable from the edge of the phantom and their volumes are excluded. Knowledge of organ volumes has both diagnostic and therapeutic importance and could lead to a more precisely quantitated total of the radioactivity contained in an organ or space. PMID- 6982317 TI - Early-stage abnormality of foveal pi mechanisms in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 6982318 TI - Field sensitivity of the short-wavelength-sensitive mechanism in the protanope's parafoveal retina. PMID- 6982319 TI - [The role of mucous secretion on nasal mucociliary transport in chronic sinusitis]. PMID- 6982320 TI - [Establishment and characterization of human melanoma cells continuously grown in serum-free media]. PMID- 6982321 TI - Reversal of enterocolitis-associated combined immunodeficiency by plasma therapy. AB - Two 6-month-old male infants with diarrhea, malabsorption, and hypoproteinemia, who were initially diagnosed as having combined immunodeficiency syndrome, recovered with intensive plasma therapy. Prior to the onset of diarrhea, they had normal serum protein and lymphocyte values. Immunologic features of combined immunodeficiency included lymphopenia, diminished B and T cells, cutaneous anergy, low immunoglobulin levels, and poor lymphocyte proliferative responses in vitro. Prior to therapy, both children had rectal ulcerations by proctosigmoidoscopy, colitis by rectal biopsy, and moderate to severe intestinal villus abnormalities by small bowel biopsy; plasma cells were absent Both had generalized malabsorption of all nutrients. Both infants were given irradiated fresh-frozen plasma for one to two months at 11 to 20 ml/kg/day to replace intestinal protein losses. During this time, diarrhea slowed, biopsy morphology improved, and immunoglobulin levels and T-cell function became normal. After discontinuance of plasma therapy, normal immune function and a normal stool pattern with reversal of malabsorption continued. Since intensive plasma therapy may have contributed to the reversal of the immunodeficiency state, a trial of such therapy is recommended in similar patients. PMID- 6982322 TI - Internal carotid therapy occlusion in Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. PMID- 6982324 TI - Immunoglobulin determinants on the surface of mouse splenic lymphocytes from Trypanosoma musculi-infected mice. AB - The splenic B-lymphocyte population of C57BL/6 mice was analyzed by flow microfluorometry to determine the relative density of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) during the course of infection with Trypanosoma musculi and after the injection of T. musculi derivatives. Cells were stained with fluorescent conjugated antisera directed against 7S mouse immunoglobulins or the major sIg components, IgM and IgD. Evaluation of relative density of sIg was made through observation of histograms plotted by the Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS). The FACS also provided the percentage of fluorescence-positive cells detected with each stain. The relative density of sIg was altered in all experimental groups as evidenced by abnormal histograms. These alterations in relative density of sIg persisted only on B cells of the trypanosome-infected and not the T. musculi-derivative-treated animals. The changes in sIg presumably resulted from sIgD modulation, because the histograms resulting from cells stained with anti-IgM remained unchanged. In the trypanosome-infected animals, there also was a reduction in the percentage of sIgD-positive cells near the end of the parasitemia. Observations of spleen sizes showed the same pattern of change with splenomegaly as with relative density of sIg. These data may be the result of the persistence of the parasite in host tissues after clearance of the blood infection. PMID- 6982323 TI - Decreased bone mineral status in lactating adolescent mothers. AB - To determine the calcium and bone mineral status of lactating adolescents, we compared 12 lactating adolescents with 11 nonlactating adolescents, 11 lactating adults, and 11 nulliparous adolescent control subjects. At two and 16 weeks, there were no differences in maternal serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, or calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D). The bone mineral content at two weeks among the four groups was not different, but at 16 weeks the lactating adolescents' bone mineral content was lower than that in the other groups. The lactating adolescents' bone mineral content was decreased between two and 16 weeks (1.049 +/- 0.088 vs 0.887 +/- 0.054 gm/cm; P less than 0.02). Dietary intakes were similar among the groups for calories, protein, vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus. However, only three of ten lactating adolescents met the recommended dietary allowance for calcium or phosphorus (1,600 mg/day), whereas eight of ten nonlactating adolescents, six of seven lactating adults, and seven of ten adolescents control subjects met the recommended dietary allowance for calcium or phosphorus (P less than 0.05). Our data suggest that during 16 weeks of lactation, the adolescent mother may be at risk for bone demineralization because of low dietary intakes of calcium or phosphorus. PMID- 6982325 TI - The absence of cardiolipin in hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus. PMID- 6982326 TI - Biopharmaceutical studies on hydantoin derivatives. III. Physico-chemical properties, dissolution behavior, and bioavailability of the molecular compound of 1-benzenesulfonyl-5,5-diphenylhydantoin and antipyrine. AB - Physico-chemical properties, dissolution profiles, and bioavailability of the molecular compound composed of equimolar amount of 1-benzenesulfonyl-5, 5 diphenylhydantoin (BSDH) and antipyrine were studied. The spectral and thermal analyses suggest that the intermolecular force in the molecular compound is attributed to the hydrogen bond between 3-NH of BSDH and 5-C = 0 of antipyrine. In the aqueous media, the molecular compound decomposed to the constituents and there was no interaction between them. The dissolution behavior of BSDH from the molecular compound was characteristic, the high supersaturation being present for a long time, while the dissolution of antipyrine from the molecular compound was slow and continued for a long time. The dissolution profile of the molecular compound was truly reflected on the bioavailability in dogs. With respect to BSDH, the rate and the extent of bioavailability of the molecular compound were excellent. On the other hand, the absorption of antipyrine from the molecular compound was sustained for a long time. BSDH and antipyrine had no influence one another on the intrinsic rate constant of transport through the intestinal membrane and on the pharmacokinetic constants such as the volume of distribution and the elimination rate constant. PMID- 6982329 TI - The steady-state transport of cationized ferritin by endothelial cell vesicles. AB - 1. The steady-state transfer of cationized ferritin by endothelial cell vesicles has been investigated quantitatively using electron microscopy. Single capillaries from the mesenteries of decerebrated frogs were perfused in vivo with solutions containing 3-5 g 100 ml(-1) cationized ferritin or cationized ferritin (3-5 g 100 ml(-1)) and bovine albumin (1 g 100 ml(-1)). Perfusions lasted between 60 and 240 s, at which time the tissues were fixed in situ with osmium tetroxide.2. Measurements of the free diffusion co-efficient of cationized ferritin in the presence and absence of 1 g 100 ml(-1) albumin (0.400+/-0.09 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1) and 0.361+/-0.08 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1), respectively) were not significantly different which suggests that albumin does not bind to cationized ferritin. Together they yielded a value for the Stokes-Einstein radius of cationized ferritin of 5.59 nm, which was not significantly different from that of native ferritin.3. Examination of transverse sections of perfused capillaries showed a layer of cationized ferritin molecules (> 26 nm thick) close to the luminal surface of the endothelial cell wall, in both the presence and absence of albumin. Estimates of the concentration of cationized ferritin within the layer showed it to be approximately twice that of the perfusate concentration, confirming that cationized ferritin binds and concentrates at the cell surface.4. When no albumin was present in the cationized ferritin perfusate, all the luminal vesicles (those open to the luminal cell surface) were labelled with molecules of cationized ferritin. The mean number of ferritin molecules per labelled luminal vesicle (F/N(L)) was 5.0+/-0.7, a value close to that predicted from the concentration of cationized ferritin in the layer if it was assumed that the whole of the vesicle volume was available to molecules of cationized ferritin, i.e. that cationized ferritin could penetrate the cell coat lining the vesicles as it does that covering the luminal cell surface.5. Few cytoplasmic vesicles (0.26+/-0.04) and abluminal vesicles (0.07+/-0.03) were labelled with cationized ferritin in the absence of albumin. The mean number of cationized ferritin molecules per labelled vesicle in both vesicle populations was also low. In addition, labelled cytoplasmic vesicles F/N(L) = 1.87+/-0.33) always contained significantly fewer ferritin molecules than labelled luminal vesicles (F/N(L) = 5.0+/-0.7). These findings offer further support for the fusion model of the steady-state transfer of ferritin by endothelial cell vesicles (Clough & Michel, 1981) and are not consistent with the translocation of labelled luminal vesicles across the cell. They also suggest that cationized ferritin binds to the cell coat lining the vesicles, and is unavailable for transfer during transient fusions between vesicles.6. The presence of albumin in the cationized ferritin perfusate reduced the fractional labelling of all three vesicle populations to one third of their values in its absence. It also reduced the mean number of ferritin molecules per labelled vesicle at all three sites in the cell. It is suggested that albumin reduces the volume of distribution of cationized ferritin within the vesicles either by competing with cationized ferritin for the same binding sites within the cell coat, or by simply occupying space within the extracellular matrix. PMID- 6982328 TI - Activity-induced potassium accumulation and its uptake in frog ventricular muscle. AB - 1. Extracellular K+ activity in frog ventricular muscle was monitored with a K+ selective micro-electrode during and following periods of rapid stimulation. 2. During activity K+ accumulated in the paracellular space, declined with continued beating and became depleted below bathing K+ concentrations, [K+], when activity was terminated. 3. The re-uptake and depletion of K+ was inhibited by ouabain, Li+ and lowering bathing [K+], and was enhanced by prolonged stimulation, raising bathing [K+], and by addition of adrenaline. These ionic and drug dependencies of the K+ re-uptake process are similar to the ionic and drug dependencies of the Na+-K+-ATPase system. 4. Frequency-induced K+ accumulation appears to result from a delay in the activation of the Na+ pump. 5. Possible changes in intracellular sodium concentration, [Na+]i, in the response to changes in frequency, appear to be a more powerful stimulant of the K+ re-uptake process than changes in extracellular potassium concentration, [K+]o. 6. Frequency-induced changes in [K+]o were also detected by measurements of resting potential. Alterations in membrane potential and action potential duration observed during and following electrical stimulation are suggestive of an electrogenic K+ re-uptake process. 7. Aside from their direct effects on the action potential, Ca2+ and Mg2+ had little or no effect on Na+ pump activity. While Ni2+ suppressed pump activity, Ba2+ indirectly enhanced the K+ uptake process by blocking the resting K+ conductance. 8. K+ uptake rate was estimated to range between 3 and 8 p-mole/cm2.sec. Since diffusion in and out of the paracellular space was a much slower process (t1/2 60 90 sec), it contributes little to the beat-to-beat control of paracellular [K+]. PMID- 6982327 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of pennogenin tetraglycoside (Tg) extracted from Paris quadrifolia Linn]. PMID- 6982332 TI - Mitogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes from pregnant and ovariectomized heifers and their modulation by serum. AB - Lymphocyte-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) were obtained concurrently from a group of gestating heifers at intervals throughout pregnancy and from a group of ovariectomized heifers of the same age. The cells were suspended in media containing either ovariectomized heifer sera or sera from heifers at the homologous stage of pregnancy, and incubated with various concentrations of Concanavalin A (Con A), Pokeweed Mitogen (PWM) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Their mitotic response to the lectins was then assessed by determining [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. The response of PBL from pregnant heifers gradually increased as pregnancy progressed when compared with the response of PBL from ovariectomized heifers. The increased response continued until parturition but was not detectable at two weeks postpartum. This pattern was demonstrated for all three mitogens, although the effect was more pronounced with Con A and PWM and PHA. Sera from mid-trimester pregnant animals suppressed the mitotic response of PBL from both pregnant and ovariectomized heifers. This suppressive effect was not detectable in sera from pregnant animals in early or late stages of pregnancy. PMID- 6982331 TI - Epiglottitis. AB - A case of acute epiglottitis due to Haemophilus influenzae is described. The problems of making this diagnosis as early as possible are discussed, with a review of the literature. PMID- 6982330 TI - Effects of calcium and strontium in the process of acetylcholine release from motor nerve endings. AB - 1. The effects of Ca and Sr ions on synchronous acetyleholine (ACh) secretion (the impulsive, physiologically functional form of secretion which produces an end-plate potential in response to a single nerve impulse) and on asynchronous ACh secretion (the delayed, residual increase in miniature end-plate potential frequency evoked by repetitive nerve impulses or by accumulation of intracellular divalent cations) were studied at frog neuromuscular junctions.2. In a comparison of their extracellular effects, Ca was far more effective than Sr in supporting synchronous ACh secretion but less effective than Sr in mediating asynchronous release evoked by repetitive nerve impulses.3. In studies of their intracellular effects, Sr and Ca were delivered to the nerve terminal cytoplasm using liposomes as a vehicle. Ca-containing liposomes, although producing effects on asynchronous ACh secretion that were indistinguishable from those of equimolar Sr-containing liposomes, were more effective than Sr-containing liposomes in increasing synchronous release.4. Extracellular Ca behaved as a potent competitve inhibitor of asynchronous, neurally evoked release mediated by Sr. In contrast, intracellular Ca (i.e. liposomal Ca), whilst increasing synchronous ACh release, failed to antagonize evoked asynchronous release.5. The results demonstrate that synchronous and asynchronous secretion have different sensitivities to alterations in intracellular divalent cation concentrations. It is suggested that selectivity for Ca over Sr may occur at intraterminal sites responsible for synchronous ACh secretion but not at sites responsible for asynchronous ACh release. Furthermore, Ca appears to bind with high affinity as an antagonist at the external surface of the nerve ending. These results are discussed in conjunction with current theories of depolarization-secretion coupling. PMID- 6982333 TI - Anticentromere antibodies: clinical and biological significance. PMID- 6982334 TI - Clinical characteristics and course in patients with high titer anti-RNP antibodies. AB - Forty-four patients with high titers of anti-RNP antibodies, without anti-Sm or anti-nDNA antibodies, were studied retrospectively for clinical symptomatology, morbidity and mortality. Seven had died. Eleven had renal disease. Of patients with disease course greater than 7 years, only half had features of overlapping connective tissue diseases. The finding of high titer anti-RNP antibodies without anti-Sm or anti-nDNA did not appear to imply a distinct or unique clinical diagnosis or prognosis. PMID- 6982336 TI - Overlap syndrome of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Two children with an overlap syndrome of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are described. Both developed SLE years after presenting with typical JRA. PMID- 6982335 TI - Rheumatic diseases in Western Canadian Indian children. AB - For both genetic and environmental reasons the prevalences and characteristics of the rheumatic diseases affecting North American Indian children might be expected to differ from those of similarly affected non-Indian children. We reviewed 34 Western Canadian Indian children with rheumatic disorders. For comparison a group of Caucasian children with chronic arthritis was also evaluated. The prevalence of clinic attendance by Indian children (.059%) was substantially but not significantly more common than attendance by non-Indian children (.034%). When compared to the seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SSA), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) was relatively less common in the Indian population (1.2:1) than in the Caucasian children (5.4:1). Of the children with JRA, polyarticular onset type, positive tests for rheumatoid factor and HLA-AW24 were significantly more common in the Indian population (p less than .05). The characteristics of Indian and of non-Indian children with SSA did not differ significantly. Even though an increased prevalence of HLA-B27 may account for the relative increase of SSA in the Indian population, this study indicates that childhood rheumatic diseases other than B27 associated SSA should be recognized as occurring frequently in Indian children. PMID- 6982337 TI - Influence of low dose corticosteroid administration on the lymphocytes subpopulations. PMID- 6982339 TI - Comparative biological activities of highly potent active-site analogues of alpha melanotropin. PMID- 6982340 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. 1. 10,11-Dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b, f]oxepinacetic acids and related compounds. PMID- 6982338 TI - The current clinical status of gold therapy in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6982341 TI - Lymphocyte responsiveness per unit volume of blood in patients with chronic nonalcoholic and alcoholic liver disease. Plasma inhibitory factors and functional defects of responder cells. PMID- 6982343 TI - The dual effect of rubidium ions on potassium efflux in depolarized frog skeletal muscle. AB - The effects of external Rb+ on the efflux of 42K+ from whole frog sartorius muscles loaded with 305 mM K+ and 120 mM Cl- were studied. K+ efflux is activated by [Rb+]o less than about 40 mM according to a sigmoid relation similar to that for activation by [K+]o. At [Rb+]o greater than 40 mM, K+ efflux declines, although at [Rb+]o = 300 mM it is still greater than at [Rb+]o = 0 mM. For low concentrations, the increment in K+ efflux over that in K+-and Rb+-free solution, delta K, is described by the relation delta k = a[X+]on, for both K+ and Rb+. The value of a is larger for Rb+ than for K+, while the values of n are similar; the activation produced by a given [Rb+]o is larger than that by an equal [K+]o for concentrations less than about 40 mM. Adding a small amount of Rb+ to a K+ containing solution has effects on K+ efflux which depend on [K+]o. At low [K+]o, adding Rb+ increases K+ efflux, the effect being greatest near [K+]o = 30 mM and declining at higher [K+]o; at [K+]o above 40 mM, addition of Rb+ decreases K+ efflux. At [K+]o above 75 mM, where K+ efflux is largely activated, Rb+ reduces K+ efflux by a factor b, described by the relation b = 1/(1+c[Rb+]o). Activation is discussed in terms of binding to at least two sites in the membrane, and the reduction in K+ efflux by Rb+ at high [K+]o in terms of association with an additional inhibitory site. PMID- 6982342 TI - Relationship of transepithelial electrical potential to membrane potentials and conductance ratios in frog skin. AB - Previous studies in anuran epithelia have shown that, after clamping the transepithelial voltage in symmetrical sequences for 4-6 min there is near constancy of the rate of active Na transport and the associated oxidative metabolism, with a near-linear potential dependence of both. Here we have investigated in frog skin the cellular electrophysiolgical events associated with voltage clamping (Vt = inside-outside potential). Increase and decrease of Vt produced converse effects, related directly to the magnitude of Vt. Hyperpolarization resulted in prompt decrease in inward transepithelial current It and increase in fractional outer membrane resistance fRo (as evaluated from small transient voltage perturbations) and in outer membrane potential Vo. Overshoot of Vo was followed by relaxation to a quasi-steady state in minutes. Changes in fRo were progressive, with half times of some 1-5 sec. Changes in transepithelial slope conductance gt were more variable, usually preventing precise evaluation of the outer and inner cell membrane conductances go and gi. Nevertheless, it was shown that go is related inversely to Vt and Vo. Presuming insensitivity of gi to Vt, the dependence of Go on Vo in the steady state much exceeds that predicted by the constant field equation. Apparent inconsistencies with earlier results of others may be attributable to differences in protocol and the complex dependence of go on Vo and/or cellular-current. In contrast to previous findings in tight epithelia at open circuit, differences in Vt were associated with substantial differences in fRo and inner membrane potential Vi. Hyperpolarization of Vt over ranges commonly employed in studies of active transport ad metabolism appears to increase significantly the electrochemical work per Na ion transported. PMID- 6982344 TI - Cross-bridge orientation in skeletal muscle measured by linear dichroism of an extrinsic chromophore. PMID- 6982345 TI - Release of lymphotoxin by control and chemical carcinogen-treated lymphocyte cultures derived from black healthy subjects and cancer patients. AB - In an age-adjusted comparison with white men, black men have a significantly higher increase in esophageal and other types of cancer associated with environmental causes. The basis of this increase in cancer rates in blacks over the last two decades is unknown. Since cancer patients generally show an impairment in cell-mediated immune (CMI) functions, we measured certain CMI reactions in cultured lymphocytes derived from black healthy subjects and cancer patients. We also determined the levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induced in these lymphocytes. AHH catalyzes the activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to intermediates which might alter CMI functions.Lymphocytes from 33 black patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 22 healthy volunteers were mitogen-activated with phytohemagglutinin and concurrently treated with the environmental carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). Measurements were made of the effects of MCA (0.5 to 3.0 MUM on blastogenesis, T-cell growth, lymphotoxin (LT) release, and AHH induction in these lymphocyte cultures. MCA treatment depressed blastogenesis but had no depressive effect on T-cell growth in cultures. Blastogenesis and T-cell growth were mitogen dose-dependent, while LT release was independent of mitogen concentration. There was a significantly lower LT release by lymphocytes from lung cancer patients, compared to those from healthy and head/neck cancer subjects. The reduced levels of LT release in lung cancer patients might reflect an impairment in this CMI function. Studies on the role of lymphocyte subpopulations in CMI functions are in progress. PMID- 6982347 TI - Migrant oncogene-Burkitt's lymphoma link. PMID- 6982346 TI - Presynaptic effects of sodium bisulfite at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - Both spontaneous and evoked transmitter release from the frog neuromuscular junction can be modified by application of sodium bisulfite, a reagent specific for disulfide bonds. An increase in miniature endplate frequency is produced that is not dependent on external calcium, sodium, or presynaptic terminal depolarization. The increased release can be halted by application of the sulfhydryl oxidizing agent DTNB. The response of bisulfite can be prevented by prior treatment of the endplate with acetylcholine or an anticholinesterase. It is concluded that bisulfite produces its effects by acting on a protein in the presynaptic membrane that is involved in regulation of transmitter release. PMID- 6982348 TI - Circulating immune complexes in rheumatic fever. AB - We measured the circulating immune complex levels in patients with rheumatic fever using the following three methods: the C1q binding test, the conglutinin binding test and Raji cell radioimmunoassay. Thirty-four samples from 21 patients with rheumatic fever were examined, and circulating immune complexes were detected in 47.6% of the patients by one or more of these methods. Especially by the C1q binding test, the sera obtained in the acute phase were found to contain the circulating immune complexes with higher frequency than those obtained in the post-acute phase. Therefore, the C1q binding test was more likely to be useful in the acute phase of this disease. The present study suggests that the circulating immune complexes are related to the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever. PMID- 6982349 TI - [Three cases with thalamic pain treated by transcutaneous electric acupuncture points stimulation]. PMID- 6982350 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in the pediatric field]. AB - The authors have carried out laboratory and clinical studies of 9,3" diacetylmidecamycin (MOM) and obtained the following results. 1. Absorption and excretion of MOM. MOM was administered orally to 4 patients at a dose of 10 mg/kg in the fasting condition. The peak of serum levels was found at 30 minutes after administration. The mean values were 1.3 +/- 0.5 microgram/ml, and 1.1 +/- 0.9 microgram/ml after 30 minutes and 1 hour respectively. The serum levels were detectable in 2 cases after 2 hours (1.0 and 0.78 microgram/ml), in 1 case after 4 hours (0.78 microgram/ml) and were not detectable in all cases after 6 hours. Half-life was able to calculate in 2 cases (2.5 and 1.5 hours). The mean urinary recovery rate examined in 3 cases was 0.33% for initial 6 hours. 2. Clinical result. MOM was administered to 35 children at a daily dose of 16.7--51.1 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses for 4 to 19 days: 18 cases with bacterial infection (9 cases with tonsillitis, 7 cases with scarlet fever and each 1 case with bronchitis and pneumonia) and 17 cases with Mycoplasma infection (5 cases with bronchitis and 12 cases with pneumonia). The overall clinical response was good in 28 cases (80.0%), fair in 6 cases and poor in 1 case. The efficacy rate in bacterial infections and Mycoplasma infections were 66.7 and 94.1% respectively. Eight strains of S. pyogenes and 1 strain of S. pneumoniae were isolated from 9 cases. One strain of S. pyrogenes was eradicated and the others were unchanged. The eradication rate was 11.1%. The MIC of MOM against S. pyogenes was above 50 micrograms/ml in 3 strains out of measured 5 isolated strains. 3. Side effect. Side effects were examined with all the 54 cases involving 19 drop-out cases. Although clinical side effects were not observed, a mild elevation in GOT and a mild rise in eosinophil were observed in 2 cases and 1 case respectively. PMID- 6982351 TI - [Experience with the use of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin dry syrup in pediatrics]. AB - Some studies were carried out on the use of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM) dry syrup, a new macrolide antibiotic preparation, in the treatment of children. The results are summarized below. 1) A single oral dose of 10 mg/kg of the MOM dry syrup was administered to 1 child at 2 hours after a meal. The peak concentration of the antibiotic in the blood was 0.88 micrograms/ml and occurred at 1 hour after administration. At 2 hours the concentration had fallen to 0.59 microgram/ml, and after 4 hours the blood level was already below the minimum detectable concentration (0.5 microgram/ml). During the first 6 hours after the administration, 6.7% of the MOM was recovered in the urine. 2) The MOM dry syrup was orally administered to 4 pneumonia patients (including 2 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia) for 7 days at a daily dosage of 15.2--20.5 mg/kg (divided into 3 equal doses). The therapeutic results were excellent in 2 cases, good in 2 cases and poor in none. 3) No side effects such as exanthema were observed to occur. In 1 case only, there was a mild and temporary elevation in the laboratory test values for total bilirubin, GOT and GTP. 4) All 4 of the pneumonia patients found the MOM dry syrup to be easy to ingest. The taste and odor of this antibiotic preparation were judged to be sufficiently palatable to permit convenient use in the treatment of children. PMID- 6982353 TI - [Familial incidences of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma--with special reference to recent observations on 2 families]. PMID- 6982352 TI - Bacteriological evaluation of midecamycin acetate and its metabolites. AB - In vitro midecamycin acetate was shown to have broad spectrum of antibacterial activities similar to those of other macrolides (midecamycin, josamycin, 9 propionyl josamycin and 2'-ethylsuccinyl erythromycin), which include Gram positive organisms, a part of Gram-negative organisms and anaerobes. Metabolites of midecamycin acetate also showed certain degree of antibacterial activities although they gave higher MIC values than midecamycin acetate. The antibacterial activities of midecamycin acetate were potentiated in the medium with pH 7 or pH 8 and little affected by inoculum size or addition of human serum into the medium. Both midecamycin acetate and its metabolites were found to have relatively high protein binding rates. In vivo therapeutic experiments in experimental infections in mice, midecamycin acetate was shown to be much superior to other drugs tested in the therapeutic efficacy against intraperitoneal infections caused by Staph. aureus, Strept. pyogenes, Strept. pneumoniae and Cl. perfringens. In infections transnasally induced by Strept. pneumoniae, midecamycin acetate showed therapeutic efficacy 2 or 5 times greater than that of josamycin or midecamycin, despite that MICs of midecamycin acetate were equal to josamycin or midecamycin. Moreover, midecamycin acetate showed high therapeutic efficacy for subcutaneous infections due to Staph. aureus, suggesting that it exerts pronounced antibacterial activities against not only systemic infections but also local infections. PMID- 6982355 TI - [A case of cold agglutinin disease with T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma]. PMID- 6982354 TI - [Seven cases of T-cell malignancy in Shizuoka district]. PMID- 6982359 TI - [Emission computed tomography using gallium-67 citrate in the diagnosis of malignant tumor]. PMID- 6982357 TI - [A case of carcinoma of the gallbladder producing colony stimulating factor (CSF)]. PMID- 6982360 TI - [Development and application of a program reformatting arbitrary axis tomograms in single photon emission CT]. PMID- 6982358 TI - [3-D display of ECT images]. PMID- 6982356 TI - [The preventive effect of cimetidine on acute gastroduodenal lesions following head and thermal injury]. PMID- 6982361 TI - [Application of a rotating gamma camera to cardiac imaging. (3) Evaluation of thallium ECT (emission computed tomography) by a 180 degree rotation data collection method]. PMID- 6982362 TI - [Phantom experiment for quantitative evaluation of brain lesions using single photon emission computed tomography (ECT)]. PMID- 6982363 TI - Ionic basis of receptor potential in frog taste cell in response to salt stimuli. AB - Removal of NA+ and/or Ca2+ from a normal interstitial fluid results in a remarkable decrease of receptor potential amplitudes in a taste cell for salt stimuli. This suggests that the salt-induced receptor potential is strongly related to an increase in the permeability of the taste cell membrane to Na+ and Ca2+. PMID- 6982364 TI - Hypersensitivity in the proximal region of the frog retina after weak light adaptation. AB - Recordings of b-wave and ganglion cell activities were made in order to investigate whether hypersensitivity could be observed in the proximal region of the frog retina or not. Increase in the amplitude of the b-wave and shortening of the response latency of ganglion cells were observed after the termination of adequate adapting light illumination, suggesting the existence of hypersensitivity in proximal elements of the retina. PMID- 6982365 TI - Width of the junctional gap of the triad of various sarcomere lengths in frog skeletal muscle. AB - The width of the junctional gap between the cytoplasmic leaflets of the transverse tubule (TT) and the terminal cisterna (TC) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was measured at various sarcomere lengths (SL). In spite of extreme stretching, when the overlap of thick and thin filaments was lost, the width of the junctional gap remained constant. PMID- 6982367 TI - [Emergency coronary revascularization for evolving myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6982366 TI - Evaluation of postoperative exocrine pancreatic function using chymotrypsin labile peptide. AB - The assessment of exocrine pancreatic function by the oral administration of a chymotrypsin labile peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA) has proved to be an easy and reliable test of exocrine pancreatic function. It has the additional advantage that it can be used to study exocrine pancreatic function in all operative cases, even after gastrointestinal reconstruction. The recovery of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) correlates significantly with parameters of the PZ/CCK secretin (PS) test. Following Billroth II gastrectomy, the recovery of PABA decreased to 39.8 +/- 3.2% two weeks after and to 45.4 +/- 4.5% one to two months after operation, significantly lower than the 80.6 +/- 3.4% in normal subjects. In cases of cancer of the head of the pancreas, the exocrine function was 44.0 +/- 3.7%, and decreased to 17.5 +/- 3.0% after total pancreatectomy. Thus, BT-PABA enables a pertinent evaluation of pancreatic function in postoperative patients with various types of gastrointestinal reconstruction and also in cases when the PS test cannot be feasibly used. PMID- 6982368 TI - [A case of simultaneous surgical treatment of unstable angina with perforative abdominal aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 6982370 TI - [Role of immunity factors in the pathogenesis of trophic ulcers in chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6982369 TI - Use of circulating pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein as a marker in carcinoma of the breast in women. AB - Pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) was determined by radioimmunoassay in sera from 27 normal women, 33 women with benign breast disease, and 191 women with carcinoma of the breast, staged for extent of the disease. All diagnostic groups exhibited substantial overlap in SP1 values. Those with benign breast diseases tended to have values at least as high as those with cancer. Normal patients tended to have slightly lower values, but this difference may well have been due to the younger ages of the normal patients in our sample, because SP1 values tended to increase with age. Immunochemical dilutions of SP1 in the serum with the highest value (10.2 ng/ml) did not differ significantly from standard placental SP1. PMID- 6982371 TI - [BFM study 1975/81 for treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma of high malignancy in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6982372 TI - [B-cell lymphomas (non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B type) in children--morphologic and immunologic spectrum]. AB - The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) occurring in children are described on the basis of the Kiel classification. As a rule, the NHL in children are of high grade malignancy. The morphologic and immunologic features of all types of high grade malignant B-cell lymphoma are described. The most frequent type of B-NHL in children is B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, including Burkitt and non-Burkitt types. Centroblastic lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma and unclassified high-grade malignant NHL are less common in children. The difference between the morphologic term "unclassified" and the immunologic definition "non-B/non-T" or "null" (or "unclassified") is explained. The equivalents of the various lymphoma types in the Lukes-Collins and Rappaport classifications are given. PMID- 6982373 TI - [Functional disorders in the cardiovascular system in gastrointestinal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6982375 TI - NIH Consensus Development Conference summary. Coronary artery bypass surgery: scientific and clinical aspects. PMID- 6982374 TI - Illness and service utilization behaviours of leprosy patients. AB - 225 adult leprosy patients attending the CLTRI, were interviewed to study their illness and medical agency utilization behaviours. Almost all patients perceived their disease as leprosy but 71.50% did not know how they got it. 10-11% did not reveal the disease to their family for fear of rejection. The time-lag between first suspicion and medical consultation was 1 year or more in 48% of cases. For treatment of leprosy, 36-38% of patients consulted Private Practitioners and General Hospitals, at one or the other time. 42.6% of patients changed 3 or more medical agencies for treatment. On an average patient had taken 62.39% of expected treatment. 41% of patients were not aware of the name of drug (DDS) they were taking. 44% of patients had tried home remedies. Most of the patients preferred to take treatment at leprosy referral hospitals. PMID- 6982376 TI - The steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity of the immature rat ovary. PMID- 6982381 TI - Control of pain by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6982379 TI - New temporary pacing lead for use after cardiac operations. AB - A newly designed temporary pacemaker lead (Medtronic Model 6400), which has a solid defined electrode surface area of 7.5 mm2, was compared with a multifilamental stainless steel electrode in common use (Davis & Geck, DG). Thirty-nine patients had both types of electrodes inserted intramyocardially in the right ventricle. A DG electrode fastened to the pericardium served as a reference lead. In addition to the standard Medtronic 7.5 mm2 electrode (n = 11), specially made Medtronic electrodes with areas of 5 mm2 (n = 10), 10 mm2 (n = 10), or 7.5 mm2 with platinum-iridium tips (n = 8) were studied. Measurements of myocardial stimulation threshold and resistance were made in both electrodes throughout the postoperative period. The patients' electrograms were recorded on magnetic tape for computer analysis of amplitudes and slew rates. The Medtronic 7.5 mm2 electrodes showed overall better results than 5 and 10 mm2 leads. Maximum stimulation threshold on the Medtronic 7.5 mm2 electrodes was medium 3.4 mA versus 10 mA on DG electrodes (p less than 0.001). The tissue resistance on Medtronic 7.5 mm2 was almost double than on the Davis & Geck electrodes (median 311 ohms versus 164 ohms on the day of minimum resistance, p less than 0.001). There were no significant differences in electrogram amplitudes between the two electrode types studied (5.52 versus 4.68 mV, p greater than 0.1), but the slew rates were significantly higher on the Medtronic (0.56 versus 0.37 V/sec; p less than 0.01). The new lead is an important innovation in temporary pacemaker lead design compared to the commonly used multifilamental leads. PMID- 6982378 TI - External antirheumatic and antineuralgic herbal remedies in the traditional medicine of north-eastern Italy. AB - The utilization of more than 90 plant species as folk external remedies to treat rheumatic and arthritic diseases is reported, and their possible effectiveness is discussed according to present phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge. Some of the plant species used exhibit skin-irritant properties (protoanemonin, isothiocyanate or allicine yielding plants and species containing capsaicin, oleoresins, volatile oils, resinous principles, alkaloids). The effectiveness of other herbal remedies depends on their content of salicyl derivatives. A considerable number of the plant species utilized contain chemical products (triterpenoid or steroid compounds, alkaloids) for which anti-inflammatory properties have been demonstrated. PMID- 6982377 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of adult high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. AB - Of 12 adult patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and at risk for 36-84 months, 9 (75%) remain metastasis free and 10 (83%) have adequate local disease control with limb preservation. This is significantly better (P greater than 0.015) than a comparable "historic" control of 48 previously treated patients. The results correlate well with the few similar studies reported. PMID- 6982380 TI - [Selection of patients in the treatment of urinary incontinence]. AB - Criteria for the selection of female patients with urinary incontinence for treatment are described. The following procedures are suggested: the patient's history, gynecological examination, urological examination, urodynamic examinations (urethral pressure profile and cystometry), and neurophysiological examinations (especially the electromyography of pelvic floor muscles). For the treatment with functional electrical stimulation the role of the trial application of stimulators is emphasized. The importance of an accurate classification of incontinence is stressed. The results of treatment depend mainly on the appropriate selection of patients. PMID- 6982382 TI - [Health risks with cannabis-a new WHO report]. PMID- 6982383 TI - Age-related decrease of urinary excretion of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF). AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been first isolated from the submandibular glands of the male mouse and recently from human urine. Despite its potent mitogenic effect in a variety of tissues, the physiological functions of EGF in human still remain undetermined. In order to study the effect of age on urinary human EGF (hEGF), we have evaluated urinary excretion of hEGF in normal subjects over a wide range of age (20-79 yr.) using homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for hEGF. Urinary excretion of hEGF expressed as a function of creatinine significantly decreased with increasing age, while females excreted significantly more hEGF than males. These data suggest that urinary excretion of hEGF decreases with age in normal subjects which may be due to reduced synthesis and/or secretion of hEGF. PMID- 6982386 TI - [Trimethoprim/sulfonamide combinations]. PMID- 6982384 TI - Pregnancy specific B1-glycoprotein in normal and complicated pregnancies. PMID- 6982385 TI - [GPR-1 longitudinal radioisotope gamma-tomograph]. PMID- 6982387 TI - Predicting the prevalence of mental retardation in individual catchment areas. PMID- 6982389 TI - PPD-specific proliferative response in humans. I. Analysis of PPD-specific proliferative cells from tuberculous pleurisy patients and healthy controls with monoclonal antibodies specific for human T subsets. AB - Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBL) from tuberculin reaction (TR)-negative tuberculous pleurisy patients proliferated poorly with PPD, while the cells of pleural effusion from these patients showed a proliferative response to PPD as well as did the healthy control PBL. Surface antigens of peripheral blood and pleural effusion were examined by using monoclonal antibodies. The Leu 1-positive cell population can be divided into four groups, namely (1) Leu 1+, Leu2a+, Leu 3a+, (2) Leu 1+, Leu 2a+, Leu 3a-, (3) Leu 1+, Leu 2a-, Leu3a+, and (4) Leu 1+, Leu 2a-, Leu 3a- cell populations. Results of analysis of surface antigens of PPD specific proliferative cells in peripheral blood and pleural effusion from tuberculous pleurisy patients as well as healthy controls indicate that the PPD specific proliferative response is mediated by Leu 1+, Leu 2a-, Leu 3a+ cells and Leu 1+, Leu 2a-, Leu3a- cells. PMID- 6982388 TI - Effects of 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 on its plasma level in man. AB - Small doses of 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3; 2 micrograms daily) given by mouth increased plasma levels of 24,25(OH)2D3 several-fold in normal subjects and in patients with metabolic bone disease. When oral treatment was stopped, or following the intravenous administration of 24,25(OH)2D3, plasma disappearance of 24,25(OH)2D3 was slow (t1/2 approx. 16 days). This suggests that the endogenous production rate of 24,25(OH)2D3 is similar to that of 1,25(OH)2D3 (less than 2 micrograms daily) but that its metabolic clearance is much slower. The slow metabolic clearance of 24,25(OH)2D3 may explain why plasma levels of this metabolite are about 100 times higher than those of 1,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 6982390 TI - Mitogenic activity of a water-soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) obtained from Bacterionema matruchotii. IV. Synergistic effects of Bu-WSA on Concanavalin A induced proliferative response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Butanol-extracted water-soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) obtained from Bacterionema matruchotii was cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) in the presence of sub- and/or supra-optimal mitogenic concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A). The addition of Bu-WSA resulted in increased tritiated thymidine incorporation above that produced by Con A alone. Bu-WSA by itself is not mitogenic for PBM and in fact produced a decrease in thymidine uptake compared to the control. We investigated the response of subpopulation(s) of PBM to Bu-WSA, Con A and a mixture of Bu-WSA and Con A. Separation of PBM into purified T cells, B cells and macrophages showed that cell-cell cooperation of T cells with B cells or macrophages is necessary for the observed synergistic effect of Bu-WSA with Con A. A marked increase in thymidine incorporation by the mixture of T and B cell populations occurred, while only a small amount of thymidine was incorporated when the B cell population was absent. Mitomycin treatment revealed that the response could be ascribed to the T-cell response with a B-cell helper effect. Moreover, Con A and Bu-WSA appeared to act on the same T cell population. This model may provide unique information about the activation of human peripheral blood T cells compared with the activation of these cells by other mitogens. PMID- 6982392 TI - Health attitudes and knowledge, and coronary risk factors in high-school children, Sydney and Inverell. AB - Attitudes to, and knowledge of, health and nutrition, together with presence of major coronary risk factors, were assessed in New south Wales high-school students at the start of an experimental healthy lifestyle programme. Data were obtained for 2596 children (mean age, 12.5 to 15.5 years), of whom 1971 lived in Sydney and 625 in rural Inverell. Girls had higher scores than boys on questions related to nutrition and fitness attitudes. Girls' scores on questions related to health attitudes and knowledge and nutrition attitudes and knowledge increased with age. The earliest precursors of coronary heart disease and chronic lung diseases were present in this group of children, of whom 20% to 30% were smoking cigarettes, 30% were overweight or obese, 8% to 15% of boys and 2% to 7% of girls had high blood pressure, and 9% had hypercholesterolaemia. PMID- 6982393 TI - Immunoclassification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 6982391 TI - Immunological properties of lipopolysaccharide from a marine bacterium, Photobacterium phosphoreum PJ-1. PMID- 6982394 TI - Biochemical and cell cycle perturbations in methotrexate-treated cells. AB - The effects of methotrexate (MTX) in the presence or absence of exogenous thymidine (dThd, 10(-5) M) or hypoxanthine (Hx, 10(-4) M) on cell cycle kinetics and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools (dNTP) were studied in cultured human leukemic T-cells (CCRF-CEM). MTX cytotoxicity was found to increase linearly with drug dose for MTX concentrations between 10(-9) M and 10(-7) M. No further increase in cytoxicity was observed with much higher MTX concentrations (10(-7) M 10(-4) M). A similar dose-response relationship was found for both MTX-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis and changes in dTTP and dGTP pools but not for either MTX-induced inhibition of purine synthesis or changes in dATP and dCTP pools. Exogenous dThd reduced MTX cytotoxicity, at all MTX concentrations examined, but Hx reduced cytotoxicity only at MTX concentrations less than 6 X 10(-8) M and potentiated toxicity with higher MTX concentrations. This potentiation of cytotoxicity was accompanied by substantial elevation of dATP pools. In all instances where dThd or Hx reduced MTX cytotoxicity, a concomitant increase in both dTTP and dGTP levels and in the rate of DNA synthesis was observed. These results suggest a close correlation between MTX-induced alterations of dNTP and inhibition of DNA synthesis and subsequent MTX cytotoxicity. The possible modulation of MTX cytotoxicity by purines is discussed. PMID- 6982395 TI - Validation and statistical analysis of a computer modeling method for quantitative analysis of radioligand binding data for mixtures of pharmacological receptor subtypes. PMID- 6982396 TI - Specific cytotoxic activity of normal T-lymphocytes coated with multivalent hybrid antibody. AB - Mouse lymphoid cells treated with multivalent hybrid antibody consisting of rabbit IgG anti-T antibody and rabbit IgG anti-chicken red blood cell antibody formed rosettes and killed specifically chicken red blood cells. The attachment and killing of chicken red blood cells is due to multivalent hybrid antibody which is able to link with one antibody specificity (anti-T) the T-lymphocytes and with the other one the chicken red blood cell surface antigen(s). Some indirect results seem to suggest natural killer cells as a candidate for the multivalent hybrid antibody-induced cytolytic effects. Multivalent hybrid antibody can be a useful alternative to mitogen for assaying specifically the cytotoxic potential of various cell populations pre-existing in normal organisms and requiring only a link to the target cells to reveal their killing ability. PMID- 6982397 TI - [Therapy of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 6982398 TI - [Electrotherapy of postoperative heart rhythm disorders using epicardial electrodes following open heart surgery in children]. PMID- 6982399 TI - The Mount Sinai Hospital: success in the competition for survival. PMID- 6982400 TI - Studies in pancreatic function VII. Diabetes, exocrine pancreatic function and pancreatic disease. PMID- 6982401 TI - Involuntary movements induced by anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 6982402 TI - Sympathetic blockade as a diagnostic and therapeutic technique. PMID- 6982403 TI - Genital keratinocytic dysplasia. PMID- 6982406 TI - Psychiatric reactions to colectomy: a literature study. PMID- 6982404 TI - Near fatal laetrile intoxication: complete recovery with supportive treatment. PMID- 6982405 TI - Neurologic complications of open heart surgery. PMID- 6982407 TI - Angiographic changes of the canine small intestine vasculature in response to acute hemorrhage and ligation of a segmental mesenteric artery. PMID- 6982408 TI - Anesthetic management of cerebral aneurysmectomy in a sickle cell anemia patient. PMID- 6982413 TI - Ewing's sarcoma of the mandible. PMID- 6982411 TI - Metachronus carcinoma of the colon 25 years after resection of colonic pulmonary metastases. PMID- 6982412 TI - Brainstem metastasis presenting as cranial nerve palsy: diagnosis by computerized axial tomography. PMID- 6982409 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy without pachyderma and with acrolysis. PMID- 6982410 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma with symptomatic metastasis to the stomach: a case report. PMID- 6982414 TI - Induction of differentiation in a case of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6982415 TI - Aviator medical certification after coronary-artery surgery. PMID- 6982416 TI - The natural history of chronic otitis media. PMID- 6982417 TI - T-cell dysfunction and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E in paracoccidioidomycosis. AB - Various aspects of T and B cell mediated immunity were investigated in 20 well documented cases of active (10) or inactive (10) paracoccidioidomycosis (Pcm), as well as in 8 healthy individuals living in the endemic area of the disease. The results confirm previous reports that active Pcm produces diverse grades of depression of T cell mediated immunity. Such T cell dysfunction is not associated with a reduction in the number of peripheral E rosette-forming cells, and the immunodepression is reversed by chemotherapy. Sera from Pcm (active or inactive) patients have significantly increased levels of total IgE, but the actual proportion of IgE antibodies against P. brasiliensis was very low (0.4-0.6%). The highest levels of total IgE were found in active patients with disease-related immune depression, suggesting that T cell dysfunction might contribute to the excessive IgE production. PMID- 6982418 TI - The virus of Japanese adult T-cell leukaemia is a member of the human T-cell leukaemia virus group. PMID- 6982419 TI - Human T-cell clones recognize chemically synthesized peptides of influenza haemagglutinin. PMID- 6982420 TI - Linkage relationship of a cloned DNA sequence on the short arm of the X chromosome to Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6982421 TI - Action potential repolarization may involve a transient, Ca2+-sensitive outward current in a vertebrate neurone. AB - Repolarization of the action potential in squid axon1 and several types of neurones2-4 involves a voltage-activated potassium (K+) current. Voltage clamp analysis has demonstrated that this current has rapid activation kinetics1,3-5. In several neuronal types, the same technique has also revealed a slowly activated K+ current that is calcium (Ca2+)-sensitive3,5-10. This slow Ca2+ activated K+ current is the major current underlying the late, slower portion of the after-hyperpolarization following an action potential11-14. In several muscle types, fast, transient Ca2+-dependent K+ currents have been described15-17 which may contribute to repolarization of the action potential. Rapidly activating, Ca2+-dependent K+ currents have been observed in sympathetic neurones of the bullfrog and it has been suggested that they contribute to action potential repolarization of those neurones8,9,18. We have studied the membrane currents in bullfrog sympathetic neurones using voltage clamp methods and report here a transient outward current that appears to be composed of two separate currents. One of those currents is a transient, Ca2+-sensitive outward current as indicated by a significant reduction of the current by treatments that reduce or block Ca2+ entry (Mn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Mg2+ or Ca2+-free Ringer). Such treatments also decreased the rate of action potential repolarization. The results suggest that this current is involved in repolarization of the action potential and consequently may regulate Ca2+ entry into the neurone during spike activity. PMID- 6982422 TI - Generation of mucosal mast cells is stimulated in vitro by factors derived from T cells of helminth-infected rats. AB - The connective tissue of rats, and several other species of mammals, contains two distinct types of mast cells that differ in morphology, histochemical staining properties and location1. One type, frequently called the normal connective tissue mast cell, can be obtained in nearly homogeneous preparation from a mixed cell population in the peritoneal cavity and forms the basis of our knowledge of mast cells. The other type is referred to as the mucosal mast cell because in normal rats it has been observed only in mucosal tissue. Infection with helminth parasites induces an exteNsive accumulation of mast cells and eosinophils in the tissues, and parasites of mucous surfaces, in particular, stimulate a rapid hyperplasia of mucosal mast cells. However, the origin of mucosal mast cells, and their relationship to the connective tissue mast cells is uncertain. We now slow that lymphocytes of helminth-infected rats, on in vitro stimulation with specific antigen, release factors causing pronounced mucosal mastocytosis in normal rat bone marrow cultures. PMID- 6982423 TI - Epidermal growth factor rapidly stimulates prolactin gene transcription. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was originally characterized as a growth factor for various cell types1,2 and was subsequently shown to affect a number of cellular and molecular processes3,4, of which many might be considered as a part of the pleiotropic growth response (enhanced uptake of glucose, uridine and amino acids and stimulated synthesis of protein, RNA and DNA). Very early responses to EGF, such as increased sodium fluxes5 and stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation6, have been proposed to mediate some or all of EGF's effects. In a number of tissues, EGF has been shown to increase the synthesis of specific proteins7-10. We have investigated the effects of EGF on prolactin synthesis in the GH4 rat pituitary cell line to gain further insight into the mechanism of EGF's actions on cellular functions. Addition of EGF to GH4 cells results in a three- to sixfold stimulation of prolactin synthesis, as well as a partial inhibition of cell growth7,8. In this report, we demonstrate that the increased prolactin synthesis appears to be the result of a rapid stimulation of prolactin gene transcription by EGF. It is tempting to speculate that very early transcription by EGF. It is tempting to speculate that very early transcriptional effects on specific genes, such as reported here in te case of the prolactin gene in GH4 cells, may mediate some or all of the later effects of EGF on cell cycle regulation in those cells for which it serves as a growth factor. PMID- 6982426 TI - [Treatment of various dyskinesias by intermittent thalamic stimulation]. AB - Abnormal movements or dyskinesias are associated with hyperpathia and hyperalgesia in a number of conditions such as post amputation jumping stumps pseudothalamic syndromes following cerebro vascular accidents and in some cases of demyelinating diseases. Intermittent electrical stimulation of the specific sensory nucleus of the thalamus (I.T.S.) controls at the same time pain and dyskinesias with the same long lasting effect. In some cases where dyskinesias are associated with sensory deafferentation, but not with chronic pain or hyperpathia, the same positive effect of thalamic stimulation on the control of abnormal movements is achieved while in other cases of tremor or dyskinesias without sensory deafferentation such as parkinsonism, intention tremor etc.. the efficacy of I.T.S. is nil. Hence, discriminative sensory deaffrentation is the common link between the cases of tremor or dyskinesias that use to respond to I.T.S. which is up to now the only therapy of proven efficacy in such conditions. PMID- 6982424 TI - [Aeromonas hydrophila as a causative agent of diarrhea]. PMID- 6982425 TI - Polypeptide composition and gag gene-coded products of type-D oncovirus from HEp 2 cells. AB - The protein composition of type-D oncovirus HEp-2, isolated from cell-free medium of continuous human HEp-2 cell line, has been investigated using electrophoresis on gradient polyacrylamide gels with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Labeling with 14C-amino acids revealed five viral polypeptides with molecular weights of 70 000 (gp70), 27 000 (p27), 19 000 (p19), 15 000 (p15), 12 000-10 000 (p12-10). The 70 000 dalton protein was shown to be the only glycoprotein by incorporation of radioactive glucosamine. A polypeptide with molecular weight of 78 000 has been specifically precipitated from pulse-labeled type-D oncovirus producing HEp-2 cells with goat anti Mason-Pfizer p27 serum. This protein was shown to be gag gene-coded polyprotein precursor (Pr78gag) of the major virus polypeptide p27. Pulse-labeled HEp-2 and Mason-Pfizer infected Tu 197 cells were rinsed, lysed, clarified and precipitated with goat anti Mason-Pfizer p27 serum. In both cases Pr78gag was detected. PMID- 6982427 TI - [Long-term electrostimulation of the cerebellar cortex in the treatment of epilepsy]. PMID- 6982430 TI - T-cell subsets in human autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6982429 TI - Failure to detect immunologic stigmata in schizophrenia. AB - The sera of 17 patients with acute or chronic schizophrenia were tested for antibodies to a human brain extract or to Molt cells; a human T-cell line, with negative results. The level of in vivo lymphocyte stimulation was investigated by determination of the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the G1, S or G2 + M phases of the cell cycle and by their uptake of 3H-thymidine. There was no sign of increased lymphocyte mitotic activity by these two tests. Therefore, immunologic stigmata could not be detected by these methods in these schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6982428 TI - Impaired permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in hyperphenylalaninaemia. AB - In hyperphenylalaninaemic rats the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could be shown in spite of the fact, that the 5-HTP levels of serum and brain remain constant. In vitro studies of the influx and efflux of 5-HTP and phenylalanine on isolated beef choroid plexus suggested that both aminoacids use the same carrier system. It is concluded that a high concentration of phenylalanine inhibits the re-uptake of 5-HTP by the endothelial cells of the choroid plexus. Additionally, an increased efflux of 5-HTP from choroid plexus leads to the accumulation of 5-HTP in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6982431 TI - [Ergometric evaluation of the effectiveness of prolonged treatment with nifedipine after aorto-coronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 6982433 TI - [Effect of TENS (transcutaneous electrostimulation) on respiratory function in the postoperative period]. PMID- 6982434 TI - [Treatment of phantom limb pain with transcutaneous electrostimulation]. PMID- 6982432 TI - [Personal anesthesiological experience in neuroradiology]. PMID- 6982435 TI - [The use of fentiazac in the therapy of primary dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 6982436 TI - Inversions of vibration-induced senso-motor events caused by supraspinal influences in man. PMID- 6982437 TI - The sensory representation of the dura mater in the trigeminal ganglion of the cat. AB - The representation of the dura mater in the trigeminal ganglion was examined in the cat using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Following craniotomy a 50% solution of HRP was applied to various areas of the cranial dura and after a survival time of 48 h the trigeminal ganglion was processed. Cells in the first division gave rise to fibers innervating the medial aspect of the anterior fossa as well as the tentorium cerebelli. Labeled cells associated with the orbital roof were located predominantly in the dorsal and intermediate layers of the second division while the middle fossa was found to be represented mainly in the more dorsal strata of the third division. Labeled cells were smaller than the average ganglion cell. PMID- 6982438 TI - Folate-responsive homocystinuria and "schizophrenia'. PMID- 6982439 TI - Coronary artery surgery; Is it necessary to travel 2,000 miles? PMID- 6982440 TI - Augmentin: an in vitro study of bacterial sensitivities to a synergistic combination. PMID- 6982441 TI - Reintroduction of anti-inflammatory drug therapy after drug-associated gastro intestinal disturbances. AB - The relative risks associated with anti-inflammatory drug prescription for patients with an earlier history of drug-associated gastro-intestinal disturbance have been investigated in a retrospective study. Under these circumstances ibuprofen was well tolerated. The risks associated with modified salicylates (principally aspirin in enteric-coated form) and indomethacin suppositories also appeared to be relatively slight. Retreatment with phenylbutazone, oral indomethacin, naproxen and combination therapy was hazardous. PMID- 6982446 TI - [Electrostimulation of bone repair in primary and secondary bone adhesion]. PMID- 6982442 TI - [Eye injuries: systematization, recording and rehabilitation]. PMID- 6982445 TI - Infectious endophthalmitis. Review of 36 cases. AB - A three-year retrospective study of 36 cases of infectious endophthalmitis seen at a large referral eye center between 1977 and 1980 was conducted. The criterion for infectious endophthalmitis was the culture of microorganisms from aqueous or vitreous on at least two media. The most frequent pathogen was Staphylococcus epidermis; it was isolated from 18 (50%) of the cases. In cases of infectious endophthalmitis following recent cataract extraction, S. epidermidis was isolated from 10 to 17 eyes (58.8%). Complete loss of visual function occurred in 16 of the 36 eyes (44.4%); a visual acuity of 20/400 or better as recorded in 15 eyes (41.6%) and 20/100 or better in eight (22.2%). Fifty percent of the cases were treated with vitrectomy and intraocular antibiotics. Poor visual outcome was associated with gram-negative organisms or delay of vitrectomy more than 24 hours after the initial diagnosis. In cases of postoperative S. epidermidis endophthalmitis, the most favorable visual outcomes were associated with use of intraocular antibiotics and vitrectomy; 80% of cases so treated had a final visual acuity of 20/400 or better and 60% had a visual acuity of 20/100 or better. PMID- 6982444 TI - The role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were isolated from blood of 6 patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH), and their cytotoxic activity was assayed using 51Cr release from the labelled cells; the cytotoxicity was expressed as percentage release in reference to the complete release using saponin. The PBLs from the patients showed a significant cytotoxic activity against P-36 human melanoma cells, and the specificity of the reaction was confirmed by the cold target inhibition test and also by the use of HeLa-S3 human cervical carcinoma cells and B-16 mouse melanoma cells, since no significant cytotoxicity was seen against these cells. The cytotoxic activity was greatly reduced by pretreatment of the PBLs with monoclonal antihuman Leu-1 antibody plus the rabbit complement. It was, therefore, thought that the cytotoxic activity against the melanoma cells is mainly due to T cells. In addition, the cytotoxic activity was specifically blocked by monoclonal antihuman Leu-2a antibody, the specificity of which is distributed on cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subset of normal human peripheral lymphocytes and normal human thymocytes. A possibility was discussed as regards the involvement of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of VKH. PMID- 6982443 TI - Experimental lens-induced granulomatous endophthalmitis in common laboratory animals. AB - Guinea pigs and mice after immunization with lens proteins were observed to develop a typical form of experimental phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis after lens injury. Sensitization to lens protein elicited a good antibody response in rabbits, however no disease developed after lens injury. This is another example of frequent discrepancies between autoimmune responses and autoimmune disease and indicates the importance of investigating mechanisms of phlogogenicity in autoimmune disease. PMID- 6982447 TI - [Hepatopathy in childhood in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency-- experiences in diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6982448 TI - Psychiatric factors influencing the treatment of pain with peripheral conditioning stimulation. AB - Sixty-six patients treated with transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) for pain symptoms were studied with respect to the incidence of different psychiatric factors and physical disorders in relation to success or failure of the treatment. In a blind screening procedure, mental illness and pathological personality traits were negative in relation to treatment success, while a state of reactive decompensation was not. Patients without any relevant physical cause of their pain were generally treatment failures and they had an excess of pathological personality traits, mostly of a hysterical nature. PMID- 6982450 TI - Neurophysiological approaches to chronic pain following spinal cord injury. AB - Pain occurring in patients with spinal cord injury can be classified on clinical grounds into five types: peripheral, central, visceral, mechanical and psychic. An attempt has been made to correlate each type of pain with present neurophysiological knowledge. Mechanisms as to how unpleasant sensations reach the conscious level can be deduced when clinical and neurophysiological data are pooled. Eight case histories are presented which typify each class. The authors' evaluation and treatment offered is presented for each type. PMID- 6982451 TI - Rehabilitation of micturition by transurethral electrostimulation of the bladder in patients with incomplete spinal cord lesions. AB - The effect of direct transurethral electrostimulation of the saline-filled bladder in 29 patients with bladder dysfunction after incomplete spinal cord injury is described. Following investigation by cystourethrography and cystomanometry, treatment was started from 14 days to 8 months after injury (average 3 months after injury). The method was considered to be very helpful in the rehabilitation of micturition. Twenty-six out of 29 patients gained normal bladder sensation, 25 achieved satisfactory detrusor contractions and 29 had low residual urines. Seventeen patients developed perfect bladder control and ten more were socially dry without the need for appliances. PMID- 6982452 TI - Renal osteodystrophy in children with chronic renal failure: an unexpectedly common and incapactating complication. AB - The incidence, age at onset, and progression of the biochemical, radiographic, and histologic characteristics of renal osteodystrophy were studied in 50 children in whom chronic renal failure had been recently diagnosed. During a ten year observation period, 19 patients progressed to end-stage renal failure and radiographic signs of renal osteodystrophy developed in 15 of these (79%). Renal osteodystrophy developed in all nine patients whose chronic renal failure was diagnosed before 3 years of age and in six of the ten children with later onset of failure. The mean interval from diagnosis of renal failure to development of osteodystrophy was 1.4 years. Radiographically, growth zone lesions predominated in the younger children, whereas cortical erosions were more prevalent in the older children. Histologic examination, performed in 38 patients, showed both defective mineralization and excessive resorption and was a more sensitive diagnostic index than radiography. Noticeable deformities developed in one third of the patients with osteodystrophy, despite medical treatment including vitamin D2 therapy. Deformities were particularly frequent and severe in patients whose renal failure developed in infancy. In all 13 patients whose growth patterns were studied before and after osteodystrophy developed, the onset of bone lesions was associated with a deterioration of growth, indicating that osteodystrophy plays a major role in causing the growth retardation commonly observed in children with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6982449 TI - Inhibition of cutaneous nociception by deep musculoskeletal pain. A clinical observation. AB - A patient is reported in whom deep musculoskeletal pain apparently blocked transmission from nociceptive cutaneous fibers in an adjacent region. When the deep musculoskeletal pain was abolished with local anesthesia, the cutaneous hypalgesia disappeared. Naloxone did not influence the hypalgesia. Possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6982454 TI - [XVth International Congress of Rheumatology and pirprofen. Paris, June 1981]. PMID- 6982453 TI - [Dynamic properties of thrombocytes and their metabolism in von Willebrand's disease in children]. PMID- 6982455 TI - [Inflammatory rheumatic diseases in adults]. PMID- 6982456 TI - [Severe nephrotic syndromes. Indications for medical nephrectomy]. PMID- 6982457 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical applications]. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is based on selective excitation of proton magnetic properties by means of a dual magnetic field. In the human body, NMR gives sectional images which represent hydrogen atom densities in the different tissues. The first results obtained in tomography of the brain, spinal cord, intrathoracic and abdominal organs and some vessels have been remarkable. The magnetic fields ans radiofrequency waves involved appear to be harmless. NMR imaging favourably compares with X-ray computerized tomography or with ultrasonography and will no doubt be increasingly used for its special qualities. PMID- 6982458 TI - [GLA-protein of bone. Physiologic factor and new biological marker in bone pathology]. AB - The gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (GLA-protein) present in bone has strong affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals and its synthesis is vitamin D dependent, which suggests that it might play a major role in bone physiology. It is also the first sensitive and specific marker of bone tissue remodelling. Usefulness of GLA-protein determinations in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of bone diseases remains to be demonstrated by further studies. PMID- 6982459 TI - [Thrombogenicity of the vessel: role of microfibrils and of collagen]. AB - Thrombogenicity of the vessel wall: role of the microfibrils and collagen. The study of platelet adhesion to rabbit aortic subendothelium preincubated with highly specific collagenase has revealed that platelets adhere to the microfibrils of the elastic lamina. To certify that an interaction between microfibrils and platelets can occur, microfibrils from two different origins were isolated: placental microfibrils extracted from the villi of human placenta, and aortic microfibrils extracted from adult bovine aorta. Both preparations were histologically homogeneous, and differed in their amino acid composition with an acidic character more pronounced for placental than for aortic microfibrils. Both preparations were able to induce platelet aggregation in plasma, but not after platelet isolation and resuspension in buffer. An interesting feature was the fact that when normal platelets were isolated, washed and resuspended in plasma from severe VWD patients, they were not aggregated by placental or aortic microfibrils. This defect was corrected after perfusion of cryoprecipitate to one patient. Moreover, monoclonal antibody directed against platelet glycoprotein Ib inhibited the aggregation of platelets to microfibrils, not to collagen; this suggested that an axis platelet GPI-FVIII/VWF-microfibrils could represent a pathway for platelet/subendothelium interaction. The adhesion of platelets to collagen seems to involve the staggering of a short amino acid sequence along a collagen fibre. This possibility arises from the requirement for the preservation of the quaternary structure of collagen in the induction of platelet adhesion/aggregation in vitro, and also from the identification and synthesis of a nonapeptide derived from type III collagen, which is also to specifically inhibit the aggregation of platelets by collagen, following its binding to platelet membrane. PMID- 6982460 TI - Pacemakers: sense and sensitivity. PMID- 6982461 TI - [Bleeding from the large bowel-problems of diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6982462 TI - [Pulmonary emphysema and liver cirrhosis in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in the light of modern discoveries]. PMID- 6982463 TI - The spondyloarthropathies. The spondylitis-associated disorders. PMID- 6982464 TI - [Tuberculous infections (in terms of infection prevalence) in Switzerland]. PMID- 6982466 TI - [Achievements and developmental prospects of pediatric phthisiology]. PMID- 6982465 TI - [Tuberculous infection in Holland]. PMID- 6982467 TI - [Pathogenesis and diagnosis of posttuberculous pneumosclerosis in children]. PMID- 6982468 TI - [Late results of treating children with tuberculosis reaching adolescence]. PMID- 6982469 TI - [Means of improving the quality and increasing the effectiveness of mass BCG vaccination]. PMID- 6982470 TI - Karyophilic proteins: polypeptides synthesized in vitro accumulate in the nucleus on microinjection into the cytoplasm of amphibian oocytes. AB - The specific nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization of proteins has been examined for some major soluble acidic nuclear proteins in oocytes of different amphibia. Proteins synthesized and radioactively labeled by translation in vitro, by using mRNA from ovaries of the frog Xenopus laevis, were injected into the cytoplasm of living oocytes of Xenopus or of the salamander Pleurodeles waltlii. At various times after injection, nucleus and cytoplasm were manually separated and endogenous and injected proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We show that several major nucleus-specific proteins of different sizes and electrical charges, including the very acidic proteins N1 and N2 (Mr, 110,000 and 100,000) and N4 (Mr, 34,000), are identical in both forms- i.e., as translation products in vitro and as present in the nucleoplasm. We conclude that significantly different cytoplasmic precursor forms to these nuclear proteins do not exist. The experiments indicate that (i) the translation products contain the signal(s) directing the specific sequestration of these proteins within the nucleus, (ii) post-translational processing is not required for the accumulation of these proteins in the nucleoplasm, and (iii) the signals and the mechanisms involved are not species specific. PMID- 6982471 TI - Modulation of synovial cell products by a factor from a human cell line: T lymphocyte induction of a mononuclear cell factor. AB - A human cell line (U937) can be stimulated to produce a soluble factor (MCF) by either lectin-activated T lymphocytes or their soluble products. In prior studies, we showed that MCF produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells can increase production of collagenase and prostaglandin E2 by adherent synovial cells obtained from enzymatically dispersed rheumatoid synovium. We show here that peripheral blood T lymphocytes or cloned human T lymphocyte lines are capable of inducing MCF production by the monocyte-like U937 cells. MCF can be demonstrated in the supernatant fluid from cocultures of U937 cells and T lymphocytes that have been stimulated with phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A for 24-48 hr. In addition, the supernatant fluid from 24-hr lectin-stimulated T lymphocytes can be transferred onto the U937 cells and subsequently, MCF activity can be recovered from the U937 culture medium. The activity of the soluble T cell product on the U937 cells is both time- and dose-dependent. A human cell line capable of MCF production in continuous culture has not been previously available. The use of a monocyte-like cell line (U937) and cloned T lymphocytes now makes it possible to demonstrate the role of discrete cell populations in the production of MCF and other mediators. PMID- 6982472 TI - Protection against syngeneic lymphoma by a long-lived cytotoxic T-cell clone. AB - The effect of a cloned T-cell line on the in vivo growth of syngeneic lymphoma cells was studied. 1E4 is an H-2-restricted cytotoxic T-cell clone that efficiently kills Abelson virus-induced lymphoma target cells (L1-2) at low effector/target ratios, as measured by in vitro cytotoxicity assays. In addition, it is long lived in vitro in the absence of stimulation and survives for more than 1 wk in vivo in the absence of exogenous antigen or growth factors. Mice injected intraperitoneally with lethal doses of L1-2 and then treated with 1E4 survived longer than animals treated with saline or with a control T-cell clone. Multiple weekly injections of effector cells, or a single injection in animals given a low dose of tumor cells, resulted in 50-80% long-term survivors. The observation that intravenous injection of killer cells was less effective than intraperitoneal treatment, coupled with the previous demonstration of markedly abnormal circulatory patterns for T-cell clones, suggests that those animals succumbing to progressively growing neoplasm die because the effector cells are unable to home into peripheral sites of tumor deposition. Thus, although this cytotoxic T-cell clone does have useful in vivo activity, its function may be partially limited by a generalized defect in migration. PMID- 6982473 TI - Cellular analysis of specificity of antibodies and of delayed type hypersensitivity responses toward some structurally related synthetic antigens: boosting is determined by specificity of T cells. AB - The crossreactivity between the random synthetic polypeptide antigen poly(Tyr,Glu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(Lys) [(T,G)-A--L] and its ordered-sequence analogs (Tyr-Tyr-Glu-Glu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(Lys) [(T-T-G-G)-A--L] and (Tyr-Glu Tyr-Glu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(Lys) [(T-G-T-G)-A--L] at the level of humoral and cellular responses was studied. For delayed type hypersensitivity responses, (T,G)-A--L-activated T cells could be challenged with the homologous antigen as well as with the ordered analogs. T cells activated by (T-T-G-G)-A--L could be challenged with either the homologous antigen or with (T,G)-A--L but not with (T G-T-G)-A--L. Similarly, no cross stimulation was observed between (T-G-T-G)-A--L activated cells and (T-T-G-G)-A--L, whereas (T,G)-A--L could challenge the latter cells to mediate significant responses. Similar but not identical cross reactions were observed when primed spleen cells or lymph nodes were transferred to irradiated recipients that were boosted for the production of antibodies. In contrast to observations at the level of cellular responses, (T-G-T-G)-A--L primed spleen or lymph node cells could not be boosted with (T,G)-A--L for the production of detectable amounts of antibodies, although boosting with the homologous antigen resulted in significant levels of (T-G-T-G)-A--L-specific antibodies. Transfer experiments in which mixtures of T and B cells, each primed to a different ordered polypeptide antigen, were injected into irradiated recipients showed that successful cooperation occurs provided that the boost is given with the T-cell-specific antigen. The antibodies produced were specific to the antigen used for B-cell priming. The T-cell-B-cell collaboration probably occurs through specific determinants that are shared between the two antigens in which the ordered peptides are attached to the same multichain polymer and that are recognized by both the T and the B cells. PMID- 6982475 TI - T-lymphocyte heterogeneity: wheat germ agglutinin labeling of transmembrane glycoproteins. AB - We have recently described "fracture-label" techniques that permit direct cytochemical labeling of freeze-fractured cells. We report here the use of fracture-labeling to investigate the distribution and partition of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) receptor sites over the protoplasmic and exoplasmic plasma membrane faces of freeze-fractured human thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes. All exoplasmic faces are strongly labeled by WGA. In contrast, the protoplasmic faces exhibit remarkable variation, ranging from virtual absence of label in some faces to very high densities in other faces. We interpret the presence of WGA receptor sites over the protoplasmic faces to reflect the presence of transmembrane WGA binding sialoglycoproteins that, during freeze-fracture, partition with the inner half of the plasma membrane. Our results, therefore, indicate heterogeneous expression of integral membrane proteins within populations of human T cells. Fracture-label techniques thus represent an additional tool in the definition of lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6982474 TI - Thymocyte rosettes: multicellular complexes of lymphocytes and bone marrow derived stromal cells in the mouse thymus. AB - We describe the isolation and purification of multicellular complexes composed of lymphocytes and bone marrow-derived stromal cells ("thymocyte rosettes") from the mouse thymus. These rosettes are the structural in vitro correlate of in vivo associations between lymphoblasts and I-A/E negative macrophages or medullary I A/E positive dendritic-like cells. Both types of rosettes are preformed in vivo. The rosette-associated thymocytes display a surface antigen phenotype typical of immature thymocytes. In radiation chimeras, replacement of host thymocytes by injected bone marrow cells follows a regular pattern: donor type T cells appear first at day 11 as clusters around I-A negative macrophages and approximately 2 days later as similar clusters associated with either I-A positive cortical epithelial cells or I-A positive medullary dendritic cells. These data suggest (a) a defined sequence of lymphostromal interactions during intrathymic maturation and (b) a rapid proliferation of thymocytes after interaction with stromal cells. PMID- 6982478 TI - Short-term and long-term open evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of proglumetacin, a new antirheumatic agent. AB - Thirty-three patients were treated with proglumetacin for acute joint inflammation (11 cases, 450 mg daily for 3 weeks) or chronic rheumatic disorders (22 patients, 300 mg daily for 12 weeks). The results showed that swelling had completely disappeared during the first week and joint pain by the third week of treatment in all the acute cases. In the chronic patients, swelling had completely disappeared by Week 8 but slight pain was still evident in some joints even after 12 weeks. There were significant improvements in morning stiffness, step climbing rate and walking speed and these were greater, although slower, in the chronic patients. No side-effects were reported. PMID- 6982477 TI - Proglumetacin (protacine): a promising new treatment of the rheumatic joint. AB - Twenty-three out-patients with rheumatic disorders were treated over a period of 3 weeks with 450 mg proglumetacin per day, in two divided doses. Articular pain significantly decreased by 57% during the first week, and by 85% in Week 3. This was the result of two actions: a decrease in the number of painful joints, and in the intensity of pain in those still painful. The number of oedematous joints turned from swollen to normal in a proportion of 57% after 1 week and 87% after 3 weeks of treatment. These actions resulted in a significant recovery of mobility, expressed as both morning stiffness and hand grip strength. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and rheumatoid factor titre also improved significantly. Proglumetacin was well-tolerated by all patients. PMID- 6982481 TI - [Cutaneous thermography in cerebral processes]. PMID- 6982479 TI - [Comparison of the effect of 3-amino-4-mercapto-6-methylpyridazine with various antiphlogistic agents in rat models of inflammation]. AB - The author compared the efficiency of 3-amino-4-mercapto-6-methylpyridazine (1; pyridazine S1) and some standard pharmaca by means of acute and subacute inflammation models. As evidence by the acute assay, the kaolin and carragheenin induced oedemata of the rat paw as well as the Evans's blue excretion the potency of 1 compared with that of acetylsalicylic acid. Phenylbutazone and indomethacin exhibited a higher degree of activity. In the cotton-induced granuloma test, 1 was ineffective, whereas indomethacin applications had a powerful effect against inflammatory reactions. The results obtained during this investigation suggest that the activity spectrum of 1 is similar to that of acetylsalicylic acid. PMID- 6982480 TI - Amunine (ovine CRF), urotensin I and sauvagine, three structurally-related peptides, produce selective dilation of the mesenteric circulation. AB - Three synthetic peptides, urotensin I, sauvagine and ovine CRF, have less than 50% sequence homology. In the dog, all three produce selective mesenteric dilation, which appears to be solely responsible for a decrease in peripheral resistance and systemic arterial blood pressure. Urotensin I and sauvagine were found to be 5-10 times more potent than CRF. PMID- 6982482 TI - Psychiatric illness following childbirth in Southampton: a case register study. AB - The Southampton case register and maternity records were used to identify all Southampton women who had babies in 1976 and 1977 and who had been in psychiatric care in the 2 years before and after the birth date. 127 such women were identified out of a total of 5200 having babies. An analysis of the timing of referral and the total number in care at various stages of the study period confirmed an increased rate of psychosis following childbirth. Rates for other diagnoses showed no such clear relationship. Obstetric and social factors were not related to postpartum morbidity. These results are discussed. PMID- 6982476 TI - Human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) is in T but not B lymphocytes from a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - A human type C retrovirus, designated HTLV, previously was isolated from or identified in some patients with leukemias and lymphomas of mature T lymphocytes. HTLV is genetically and serologically distinct from any known animal retroviruses. The absence of HTLV proviral sequences in DNA from normal humans showed that HTLV is not a ubiquitous endogenous (germ-line transmitted) virus of humans. Antibodies to HTLV core proteins have been identified in some people with T-cell neoplasias and are particularly prevalent in Japanese with adult T-cell leukemia, suggesting that HTLV is acquired horizontally. However, it was possible that HTLV is transmitted through the germ line of some (possibly rare) families and is then expressed in the HTLV- positive malignancies. An opportunity to study this question was provided by the development of several T-cell lines and a B cell provided by the development of several T-cell lines and a B-cell line from one HTLV-positive patient with a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Here we report that HTLV proteins or nucleic acids (or both) are found in three independently derived T-cell lines, all shown by HLA typing to have originated from the patient. In contrast, the B-cell line, the identity of which was also ascertained by HLA typing, contained no detectable HTLV protein, RNA, or proviral DNA. Because the sensitivity of the latter assay is more than sufficient to detect one proviral equivalent per haploid genome, the results indicate that HTLV was not transmitted to this patient through the germ line but rather was acquired by infection. PMID- 6982483 TI - Experimenter effects in marihuana research: a note of caution. PMID- 6982485 TI - Caesarean delivery in selected Latin American hospitals. PMID- 6982484 TI - Type A behavior and coronary artery bypass surgery: intraoperative blood pressure and perioperative complications. AB - Previous research has suggested that Type A, compared to Type B patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery evidence greater intraoperative increases over hospital admission systolic blood pressure, even though patients are under general anesthesia. The present study sought to examine whether such blood pressure increases are accounted for by elevations occurring entirely during surgery (with conscious mediation minimized), or by increases occurring prior to surgery. A second purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between Type A behavior and complications occurring during and after surgery. Twenty-seven male patients given a structured interview to measure Type A behavior in advance of surgery comprised the present sample. Results indicated that interview Type A intensity was reliably related to magnitude of systolic, but not diastolic blood pressure increases during, but not prior to surgery. The 12 patients with complications (largely arrhythmias), were reliably higher in rated intensity of Type A behavior (p less than 0.01) than those without complications (n = 14). None of the Type B or Type X patients showed evidence of complications during or after surgery. Results of this study support a body of data linking Type A behavior to cardiovascular reactivity and clinical complications of coronary disease. Since this reactivity is evident under general anesthesia, these data further suggest that conscious mediation may not always be necessary in order to elicit these responses. PMID- 6982487 TI - CT evaluation of complications of abdominal aortic surgery. AB - The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the CT findings in 29 consecutive patients being studied to detect complications of aortofemoral bypass surgery. Presenting symptoms included fever in 22 (76%), gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 (7%), a pulsating mass in 3 (10%), jaundice in 1 (3%), and back pain in 1 (3%). The complications observed most frequently were groin infection in 7 (24%), abdominal perigraft abscess in 11 (38%), pseudoaneurysm in 6 (21%), aortoenteric fistula in 3 (10%), and lymphocystic hematoma in 3 (10%). There were no false negatives, and the overall accuracy and sensitivity of CT in detecting complications was 100%. The authors recommend that CT be performed prior to angiography or surgery whenever an abscess, pseudoaneurysm, or aorto-enteric fistula is suspected. PMID- 6982488 TI - A method for the remote acquisition of gated nuclear medicine images. PMID- 6982486 TI - Computed tomography of the postoperative abdominal aorta. AB - Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen was performed on 46 patients who had undergone graft replacement of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Twelve postoperative complications were found in nine patients. They included hemorrhage, infection, anastomotic pseudoaneurysms, major vessel occlusion, postoperative pancreatitis, and others. The varied appearance of the normal postoperative graft is also presented. It is concluded that CT is a rapid, sensitive, and noninvasive method for detecting or excluding postoperative complications of abdominal aortic surgery. PMID- 6982489 TI - [Diversity of hepatic lesions in alcoholics. Clinical, biochemical and epidemiological aspects]. PMID- 6982491 TI - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 6982490 TI - [Distal splenorenal shunt. 8 years' experience]. PMID- 6982493 TI - Immunoglobulin response of rabbits infected with malignant catarrhal fever virus. PMID- 6982492 TI - Colorectal cancer. Early diagnosis and detection. PMID- 6982494 TI - [Indication of aorto-coronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 6982496 TI - [Clinical aspects of the diagnosis of diffuse rarefying osteopathies]. PMID- 6982495 TI - [Attempt at using liquid-crystal temperature indices in rheumatologic diagnosis]. PMID- 6982498 TI - A pharmacist's audit of antirheumatic drugs. AB - The results of an audit, by a hospital pharmacist, of antirheumatic drug use at four rheumatology units are presented. Profiles can be developed for each drug which indicate their efficacy and the adverse reaction rate in clinical practice. These can be used to make rational therapeutic choices. A pharmacist can effectively collate such data to provide an unbiased information source. PMID- 6982497 TI - Deprivation of paradoxical sleep and intracranial self-stimulation. AB - Effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation upon intracranial self-stimulation behavior were studied. After stable response rates to electrical brain reward were obtained, rats were assigned to an experimental group in which they were deprived of paradoxical sleep with the pendulum technique for 72 h, to a pendulum control group and to a home-cage control group. In baseline, postdeprivation, and postrecovery sessions, rate-intensity functions for intracranial self-stimulation were determined. Partially in contrast to the literature, no change in the response rate or threshold for brain stimulation was found. The question was raised whether factors accompanying the different paradoxical sleep deprivation techniques rather than paradoxical sleep deprivation itself were responsible for these behavioral differences. PMID- 6982499 TI - Surface markers of human T lymphocytes. AB - Surface markers have been extensively used for the identification and fractionation of different sets of human lymphocytes. Although they have proven useful for the identification of different cell subpopulations and for delineating various stages of T cell maturation or activation, there are a number of limitations in their application that should be carefully considered. In most instances, markers which are reported as defining functional subpopulations are not directly involved in the functional capability to be defined. In addition, a precise correlation between surface markers and cell function is difficult if only a small percentage of the cells in a given subset is involved in the functional activity measured. It is also clear that cell activation and differentiation, or mechanisms of cell fractionation, may affect the expression of some surface markers. Moreover, the assumption that functional activities ascribed to cell subsets or to surface markers in vitro are also operating in vivo may be incorrect. Human T cell surface markers can be grouped in various (as well as overlapping) categories, namely those recognizing the total T cell population, those present on T cell subsets and those expressed only on T cells at a given stage of maturation or as a consequence of cell activation. A more precise correlation between the presence of surface markers and the expression of functional activities can be performed by more complex experimental approaches such as the combined use of various markers and the analysis of surface phenotype of T cell clones with defined functional properties. While the study of T cell clones has clearly pointed out the inadequacy of most markers commonly used for identifying functional subsets of T cells, it provides a valuable tool for identifying new markers that may indeed be selective for a given T cell function. PMID- 6982500 TI - Subpopulations of T lymphocytes in patients with chronic active liver disease. AB - Subpopulations of peripheral blood T lymphocytes (T gamma and T mu) were investigated in 36 patients with chronic liver disease. T lymphocytes decreased in percentage in all patients, except in those with chronic persistent hepatitis. In contrast, the absolute numbers did not differ from those of controls, except in patients with cirrhosis, who showed decreased values for circulating T cells. The absolute and percentage values of T gamma were increased in patients with CAH and cirrhosis but not in patients with CPH. All groups of patients with CLD showed a decrease in the absolute and percentage numbers of T mu, but patients with CPH showed absolute values similar to those of the controls. The role of this imbalance in the T cell subsets in CALD is briefly discussed. PMID- 6982501 TI - HLA antigens and immunoregulatory T cells in ulcerative colitis associated with hepatobiliary disease. AB - Serologic HLA typing was carried out in 20 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) combined with hepatobiliary disease, in 34 UC patients without hepatobiliary disease, and in control subjects. Association with HLA-B8 and -DR3 was found in both groups of patients. HLA-B8 was found in 80% of patients with combined disease (p less than 0.0005 vs. controls; relative risk (RR), 12.0), whereas 32% of the patients with UC without hepatobiliary disease were HLA-B8-positive (not significant vs. controls). Concomitantly, HLA-DR3 was found in 70% of patients with combined UC and hepatobiliary disease (p less than 0.0005 vs. controls; RR 9.95) and in 35% of UC patients without hepatobiliary disease (p less than 0.05 vs. controls; RR, 2.33). HLA-B8 was found more frequently in UC patients with than without hepatobiliary disease (p less than 0.001; RR, 8.36), as was the case with HLA-DR3 (p less than 0.025; RR, 4.28). No indications of defects in immunoregulatory lymphocytes (T gamma and T mu cells) which could explain hyperactivity in the immune system were observed in the patients with combined UC and hepatobiliary disease. The present study gives support to the theory that UC and, particularly, UC combined with hepatobiliary lesion may be autoimmune diseases with a genetic predisposition. PMID- 6982503 TI - Sclerotherapy of bleeding esophageal varices. Long-term results. AB - Sixty-one patients presenting with hemorrhage from esophageal varices were treated with sclerotherapy by means of a fiberoptic endoscope. Twenty-nine had acute bleeding, which was stopped in 90%. Thirty-two were treated after recent bleeding. The hospital mortality was 31%. Re-bleeding occurred in 55% of those discharged but was easily controlled. Fatal complications occurred in 5%. The calculated 4-year survival was 35%. Two thirds of this mortality could be attributed to liver failure. The intellectual function of the patients appeared to be unaffected. PMID- 6982502 TI - Drug-induced liver disease in Denmark. An analysis of 572 cases of hepatotoxicity reported to the Danish Board of Adverse Reactions to Drugs. AB - During the decade 1968-1978 the Danish Board of Adverse Reactions to Drugs received 572 (6% of the total number) reports on hepatotoxicity. Halothane amounted to one fourth of the reported cases. Among the 94 psychotropic-induced adverse drug reactions 54 cases were attributed to chlorpromazine, 10 to tricyclic antidepressants, and only 2 to benzodiazepines. Considering the drug consumption data, the combination trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is nearly five times more frequently associated with hepatotoxicity than administration of sulfamethizole. Almost two thirds of the hepatotoxic reactions were classified as cytotoxic. Halothane, oxyphenisatin, rifampicin, alfa-methyldopa, papaverine, phenytoin, and ajmaline were almost exclusively related to cytotoxic reactions. Excluding the halothane-induced hepatotoxic reactions, the relative mortality of the cytotoxic (6%) reactions is not significantly different from that of the cholestatic (3%) ones. Thirteen percent of the patients with halothane-induced hepatotoxicity died. PMID- 6982505 TI - Severe aplastic anaemia treated with anti-lymphocyte globulin. The relationship between clinical course and erythroid colony suppression by T cells. AB - A 6-year-old girl with severe aplastic anaemia improved promptly after treatment with anti-human lymphocyte globulin (ALG). Blood T lymphocytes were proved to have a suppressive effect on erythroid colony formation. ALG was administered intravenously at a dose of 15 mg/kg/d for 5 d. By the 14th d she showed a prompt increase in the reticulocyte count. Within the next 2 weeks slight increase of the platelet count was observed while the neutrophil count remained unchanged. The suppressive effect of T cells on erythroid colony formation weakened when the reticulocyte count exceeded 100 X 10(9)/l. About 4 months after administration of ALG, a decreased reticulocyte count was observed along with frequent nasal bleeding. Again the T cells exhibited a suppressive effect on erythroid colony formation. The results of serial co-culture studies revealed a close correlation between the T-cell suppressive effect on erythroid colony formation and reticulocyte response. The findings suggest an immune-mediated mechanism for the haematopoietic disorder in this patient. PMID- 6982507 TI - [Drug addiction and culture]. AB - In the course of ages drug always existed. It accompanied man in migrations, conquests and defeats. Formerly bordered upon some countries, and witness of a determined culture, drug has now a planetary dimension. In a way, it is the price of our material progress. Medicine has a limited understanding of the fact. It is worth while when approaching the therapeutic problem of drug addict to study new ways in approaching the problem. PMID- 6982506 TI - Evidence of chlamydial involvement in the development of arthritis. AB - The isolation and immunological studies reviewed here appear to have proved that there is an association with Chlamydia trachomatis in reactive arthritis, and particularly in Reiter's disease. This condition, which occurs predominantly in young men, usually is precipitated by infection, sometimes enteritic but at present more commonly sexually transmitted. In the case of nongonococcal urethritis, C. trachomatis has been shown to be an agent that can trigger Reiter's disease. Patients with HLA B27 antigen are especially at risk. Clinical observations suggest that long-term tetracycline treatment may have a beneficial effect. PMID- 6982508 TI - Physical activity in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic disorders. AB - A search of the literature in this area shows that there is little national or international documentation available on the effect of physical activity on the development of disease in inflammatory rheumatic disorders. Low capacity for physical work has been demonstrated and is based on poor circulation and reduced muscle strength in rheumatism: several studies from Norway and elsewhere have documented the value of physical training, especially in improving the rheumatic patient's physical condition (1--2, 8). No investigations have been able to document any arrest of progress of the disease, but physical training seems to be able to maintain existing joint function and also to some extent prevent progressive deterioration in condition. There is therefore no disagreement about the significance of physiotherapy, but the intensity and duration of training are more controversial. PMID- 6982504 TI - Emergency and long-term transesophageal sclerotherapy of bleeding esophageal varices. A prospective study of 50 consecutive cases. AB - Fifty consecutive unselected patients with endoscopically proven bleeding esophageal varices were on 76 occasions during 3 years treated with transesophageal sclerotherapy. One-week hemostasis was obtained in 89%, with a hospital mortality of 14%. Three major complications (1.1%) occurred, with one fatal outcome. Long-term repeated sclerotherapy was instituted according to our protocol in all the survivors. During a mean follow-up period of 26 months 19 patients have been treated with sclerotherapy alone, 10 had elective and 2 had emergency operative procedures because of rebleeding. Six fatal bleedings occurred, four after sclerotherapy alone. The 3-year survival is calculated to be 49%. Sclerotherapy has proven to be effective and safe and can be recommended especially in the acute situation. It can also be used as long-term treatment, but rebleedings will in several cases necessitate operative procedures. PMID- 6982510 TI - Occupationally related lead exposure in the general population. A population study of 40-year-old men. AB - Eighty-eight percent of all 40-year-old male residents of four suburban municipalities of Copenhagen County were examined for the lead concentration in their blood and interviewed regarding job category and place of work. Of the 504 men, 482 were currently employed, 18 were unemployed, and 4 were pensioners. The total median blood lead level was 13 micrograms/100 ml (0.6 mumol/l). Men employed in construction, industrial production, and transportation had the highest lead levels, while very low concentrations were found among pensioners and farmers. Blue-collar works had higher blood lead results than white-collar workers. Very high levels were found in two men employed at a secondary lead smelter, but otherwise increases in lead concentrations were comparatively small. However, the occupationally related, increased blood lead levels identified in this population contributed significantly to normal "background" levels. PMID- 6982509 TI - Physical activity and plasma lipids. AB - The classification and metabolism of lipoproteins and their relation to the risk of coronary heart disease are briefly discussed. Cross-sectional studies indicate that people who practice endurance training tend to have higher levels of HDL, but lower plasma concentrations of VLDL, LDL and triglycerides than physically inactive persons of the same age and sex. A similar picture has emerged from longitudinal studies. The effects of physical training on the level of total cholesterol is less certain (but probably also less important since the essential part of plasma cholesterol is present in lipoproteins--LDL and HDL--which are considered to have antagonistic functions in the development of atherosclerosis). Forced training of rats resulted in a lowering of total concentrations of cholesterol (although there are some negative reports) and triglycerides, increased activity of lipoprotein lipase in the muscle, increased activity of the plasma enzyme LCAT (lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase) and increased excretion of bile acids in the faeces. In human subjects who practice endurance training a similar increase in activity of the above enzymes has been demonstrated and this may be the basis for the effect of training on lipoprotein concentrations in plasma. It is concluded that physical activity of endurance type appears to have a favourable effect on the pattern of lipoproteins in the plasma (rise in HDL, fall in VLDL and LDL), and that consequently such training may have significance for the prevention of coronary heart disease. PMID- 6982511 TI - [Occupational rehabilitation following aorto-coronary bypass operations]. AB - Resumption of work after aorto-coronary bypass surgery was studied in 317 patients with a mean age of 51 years. 217 patients who underwent surgery between 1975 and 1978 were studied retrospectively (group I) and 100 patients operated upon between 1979 and 1980 prospectively (group II). A coronary control study was performed in 106 patients of group I and in all patients of group II. Age, postoperative NYHA class, and pre- and postoperative ejection fraction did not differ in the two groups. Significant differences between the two groups were found regarding preoperative NYHA class (2.9 vs 2.5), amount of diseased coronary vessels (2.3 vs 2.6), number of bypass grafts (2.4 vs 3,2, all p's less than 0.001) and graft patency rate (70 vs 80%, p less than 0.025). One year after surgery 78% in group I and 84% in group II were back at work (ns). However, among the patients not working before surgery, 54% in group I and 73% in group II had returned to work (p less than 0.005), which indicates a greater success rate for aorto-coronary bypass grafting in recent years. Best predictors for resumption of work after surgery are relief of symptoms, normal work capacity in the bicycle test, duration of inability to work before surgery and type of occupation. PMID- 6982512 TI - [Non-steroidal antirheumatics: side-effects and interactions]. AB - Side effects of non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs (NSAD) may occur in any organ system, since the prostaglandins, the synthesis of which is inhibited by NSAD, play a role in numerous adverse cellular processes throughout the body. Besides these physiologic regulations there are adverse effects of NSAD, such as bone marrow aplasia, of unexplained etiology. The interactions of NSAD are of clinical relevance in drug types such as the salicylates, pyrazolons and fenamic acids (e.g. interactions with cumarin derivatives). The clinically relevant interactions of NSAD are discussed in detail. PMID- 6982514 TI - [Emergency equipment and supplies of emergicenter (SAMU) 94]. PMID- 6982515 TI - [Planning of different hospital departments: waiting rooms and their organization during the influx of wounded patients]. PMID- 6982513 TI - [Physical therapy and rheumatism of soft tissues]. AB - Soft tissue rheumatism (extraarticular rheumatism) is a group of common disorders found separately as independent disorders or as a symptom of systemic joint or spine diseases. The most frequent soft tissue rheumatisms are tendinopathies, rheumatism of muscles with myofascial pains, fibrositis of subcutaneous tissue and, finally, bursitis and inflammations of tendon sheaths. The commonest therapeutic procedures are non-steroidal anatirheumatic drugs, local infiltrations of corticosteroids, and physiotherapy. In the acute stages cold packs are the best physical measure against subjective pain. In subacute and chronic cases the pain in subcutaneous tissues can be lessened by connective tissue massage and underwater jet massage, muscle pain by heat and active exercises, and tendinopathies by ultrasonics and electrotherapy but very seldom by heat. In chronic bursitis and tendovaginitis, iontophoresis with potassium iodine may be helpful. Reflex pains in muscles are due to lesions of the spine and should therefore be treated by spine extension and manipulations. Every pain in soft tissue has one source in the anatomic lesion of the tissue and the second in psychogenic disorders. The latter must be sought when soft tissue pains are found all over the body on the lines of a generalized fibrositis syndrome. PMID- 6982517 TI - [Emergency medicine: foresight and good organization]. PMID- 6982516 TI - [Special arrangements for managing the influx of wounded patients during a disaster in a hospital unit]. PMID- 6982518 TI - [The hospital emergency service during disasters]. PMID- 6982519 TI - [The function of "intensive care" during the influx of wounded patients: organization, structure, responsibilities]. PMID- 6982520 TI - [Hospital planning in managing the influx of wounded patients during a disaster: operating rooms]. PMID- 6982521 TI - [Medical triage in a crisis during the influx of patients in a health care center]. PMID- 6982522 TI - [Mobile structures for hospitalization and care in disasters]. PMID- 6982523 TI - [Blood transfusions and disasters]. PMID- 6982524 TI - [Individual and collective behavior in disasters]. PMID- 6982525 TI - [Assistance of the French Red Cross to hospitals in the event of a disaster]. PMID- 6982526 TI - [Social services and volunteers in the framework of collective emergencies]. PMID- 6982527 TI - [Problems of prevention and health care in large crowd gatherings]. PMID- 6982528 TI - [Fire at the hospital]. PMID- 6982529 TI - [Disaster on the highway]. PMID- 6982530 TI - [Organization of rescue work in the event of an airplane accident at the airport]. PMID- 6982531 TI - [Assistance of emergency medical services (SAMU) and mobile emergency and resuscitation services (SMUR) in the event of a disaster]. PMID- 6982532 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass surgery at Tygerberg Hospital, 1978 - 1980]. AB - Between January 1978 and December 1980. 118 patients underwent saphenous vein bypass surgery for obstructive coronary artery disease at Tygerberg Hospital. Sixteen patients in addition to bypass surgery underwent mitral and/or aortic valve replacement or resection of a ventricular aneurysm. The operative and hospital mortality was 3,0% (4/134) for all patients and 3,3% (4/118) for patients who had aortocoronary bypass surgery as the sole procedure. Follow-up of the surviving patients for a mean period of 16,4 months revealed a low incidence of late myocardial infarction of 3.6% (4/112) resulting in the death of only 1 patient; 89.1% of patients were free of angina pectoris and the majority of these resumed their normal work or enjoyed their retirement. PMID- 6982535 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 6982533 TI - "Coronary intimal fibrous stenosis'--early coronary atherosclerosis causing acute myocardial infarction. A case presentation and overview. PMID- 6982536 TI - [Blockade of theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes as an indicator characterizing the course and activity of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 6982537 TI - [Various functional properties of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of patients with the T-cell variant of chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 6982534 TI - Cysticercosis cerebri involving the lateral ventricle. AB - Cysticercosis cerebri involving the lateral ventricle is very rare. Two cases with such localization are presented. One of the patients, with occlusion of the foramen of Monro, was successfully treated by operation. A larval form in the lateral ventricle was revealed incidentally at autopsy in the second patient after rupture of a large basilar artery aneurysm. PMID- 6982538 TI - [Oral contraception and troleandomycin]. PMID- 6982539 TI - [T-lymphocyte subpopulations after a cutaneous complication of chrysotherapy]. PMID- 6982540 TI - The role of factor IX in tissue thromboplastin induced coagulation. AB - Tissue thromboplastin apoprotein was partially purified from human brain. The apoprotein was recombined with mixed phospholipids to yield active thromboplastin. The recombined thromboplastin induced proteolytic activation of isolated human factor IX in the presence of factor VII and Ca2+. The clotting times of various deficient plasmas were determined as a function of apoprotein concentration, keeping the phospholipid concentration constant. The clotting times of a factor XII-deficient plasma were the same as those of a factor XII/factor IX-deficient plasma, except at very low apoprotein concentrations. However, under those conditions the difference in clotting times was independent of the presence of anti-factor VII serum. Similar observations were made for factor XI-deficient plasma in comparison with factor XI/factor IX-deficient plasma. These results indicate that activation of factor IX by factor VII/tissue thromboplastin does not significantly contribute to plasma coagulation. PMID- 6982541 TI - HLA antigens in leprosy patients. PMID- 6982542 TI - HLA-A1 probable association with Perthe's disease. PMID- 6982543 TI - HLA monoclonal antibody registry: a proposal. PMID- 6982544 TI - Lack of association between HLA and age in an aging population. AB - In a sample of 228 Framingham Study participants aged 58 to 86 who were typed for HLA, neither frequencies of individual antigens nor heterozygosity at the A or B loci appeared to be related to age. Previously found associations could be chance occurrences, or HLA-related effects on longevity in the general population might be small. It is also possible that such effects occur at younger ages than those included in our study or that HLA is related to the aging process in a way that is detectable only at very advanced ages. PMID- 6982545 TI - Effect of topical application of defined constituents of coal tar on skin and liver aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activities. PMID- 6982546 TI - Chloroquine as a probe for antigen processing by accessory cells. PMID- 6982548 TI - [Adenylate cyclase content of T- and B-lymphocytes of mice of different genotypes in an experimental autoimmune state]. AB - The activity of adenylcyclase in T and B cells of lymph nodes and spleen has been investigated in intact and autoimmune mice Balb/c and C57B1. Strain differences in the enzyme activity of intact and autoimmune mice were observed. It is concluded that the determination of adenylcyclase activity in lymphoid cells makes it possible to reveal the peculiarities of cell maturation in normal and pathological mice of different strains. PMID- 6982549 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the chemical structural asymmetry of myelin sheaths]. AB - Osmium washing of ultrathin sections of the frog sciatic nerve myelin fibres performed with 4% acetic acid solution preceded their treatment with the Dragendorf solution and ammonium paramolibdate. This enabled us to localize amine and phosphate groups of myelin membranes. The data obtained suggest that the majority of phospholipids of these membranes are located on the cytoplasmic surfaces, whereas glycolipids and cholesterol--on the extracellular ones. Examination of these surfaces by freeze--fracturing revealed different hydratation degrees in these surfaces. These results show that myelin membranes are most convenient models for the study of structural and chemical asymmetry of biological membranes. PMID- 6982547 TI - [Relative polyribosome content in peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphoid organs in the human]. AB - Using ultracentrifugation, relative contents of polysomes and free ribosomes were calculated in human PHA activated or non-activated peripheral lymphocytes, peripheral chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes, and in spleen and adenoid lymphocytes in the total fraction as well as in that separated into T and B lymphocytes. The polysome amount in B cells was higher (47%) that in T cells (30%). The polysome and free ribosome correlation in lymphocytes of lymphoid organs and in peripheral blood was different to be presumably dependent on population composition of lymphocytes and on their maturation and proliferation. 20-25% of ribosomes in peripheral lymphocytes are found in polysomes; in PHA stimulated leukemic and spleen lymphocytes they reach 50-70%, and in adenoid lymphocytes, -40%. The participation of polysomes, rather than monosomes, in protein synthesis in lymphocytes has been shown irrespective of the polysome- free ribosome correlation in these. PMID- 6982550 TI - [Histogenesis of muscle tissue in the developing lymph hearts of Rana temporaria larvae and younglings. A study by electron microscopic and electron microscopic autoradiographic methods]. AB - Using 3HT electron microscope autoradiography, the ultrastructure of muscle fibers and the capacity of 3HT-incorporation into the nuclei of these fibers and the adjacent cells were studied in the developing lymph hearts of larvae and yearlings of R. temporaria. The presence of myofilaments arranged in sarcomeres of prominent disks Z, I, A, H and M line, and of the well developed sarcoplasmic reticulum may serve a good evidence of a high level of myofibrillar differentiation both in larvae and in yearlings. Myosatellite cells were found in the close contact with muscle fibers at all the investigated stages of the lymph heart development. 4 hours after 3HT administration to larvae, only mononuclear cells deprived of myofibers were seen labeled. The labeled myonuclei were observed in the experiments with double 3HT injections to larvae and with the fixation following 24 hours after the last 3HT administration. These data evidence that, according to the ratio of differentiation and reproduction, the histogenesis of the lymph heart muscle tissues of larvae and yearlings of R. temporaria corresponds to the myogenesis of cross striated skeletal muscles of vertebrates. PMID- 6982551 TI - [State of the contractile apparatus during the development of a pathological process in the muscles. V. The effect of Zenker's necrosis and of denervation atrophy on F-actin structure]. AB - By means of polarized UV fluorescent microscopy, the state of F-actin was studied in single glycerinized muscle fibers from intact, locally damaged and denervated m. semi-tendinosus of the frog. It was shown that F-actin of denervated muscle fiber lost the ability to reply by increasing tryptophan fluorescence anisotropy during the fiber relaxation and its stretching in the rigor solution by 1--4 per cent compared to the original length. Zenker's necrosis retains this ability only slightly. It is supposed that both the denervation atrophy and Zenker's necrosis change the structure of F-actin. PMID- 6982554 TI - [Busdrivers health. A cross-sectional study]. PMID- 6982552 TI - [Evaluation of the heritability of aldolase and actinomycin activity and heat resistance in the common frog]. AB - The extent of heritability of activities and heat resistance of aldolase and actmyosin in the grass frog tadpoles and adults has been investigated. It has been found that for aldolase the heritability of heat resistance is rather high; almost half of the variability of the character falls on the genotype (h2=0.45). In the period of ontogenesis studied (42nd stage of metamorphosis) a distinct prevalence of the effect of the paternal heat resistance of aldolase was observed in tadpoles, whereas the maternal effect was negligible. The average heritability of actomyosin heat resistance for both the parents is close to that of aldolase, h2=0.43. The shares of the effect of each parent are similar. The heritability of actomyosin activity and that of aldolase is not statistically significant. It can be assumed that in some periods of ontogenesis, of major importance may be the paternal characters of heat resistance and enzyme activity, whereas in others- those of the maternal organism. PMID- 6982553 TI - [Fistula formation between an aortic prosthesis and the duodenum as the cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6982556 TI - [Color vision: dyschromatopsy and achromatopsy]. PMID- 6982555 TI - [A cross section study, in a Danish county, of adult day or night psychiatric patients]. PMID- 6982558 TI - Prognosis following coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6982557 TI - [Clinical significance of bacterial beta-lactamase production in the treatment of urinary tract infections with oral beta-lactam-antibiotics]. AB - In 649 urological patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) a total of 1114 bacterial strains were isolated and their beta-lactamase production was investigated by a qualitative, micro-iodometric method. Approximately 40% of all strains, 33% of E. coli species and 8% of Proteus mirabilis species were enzyme producers. All of the isolates of E. coli and Proteus mirabilis defined as non producers were sensitive to ampicillin and cephalothin in the agar diffusion test. The beta-lactamase producers of these two species did not show the same pattern: almost all of them were ampicillin-resistant, but most were cephalothin sensitive. The other species were all found to be either producers or non producers. Therapeutic comparisons in altogether 138 UTI patients treated with ampicillin or cephalexin, two antibiotics with different beta-lactamase stability, confirmed the positive correlation between enzyme production and therapeutic failure in both groups. Cephalexin, however, tended to be more effective than ampicillin against enzyme-producing species. PMID- 6982559 TI - [Reaction of morphologic dissociation of clotted blood in evaluation of the hemostatic system in surgical patients]. PMID- 6982560 TI - [Immunologic reactivity in acute suppurative diseases of the lungs and pleura in children under 1-year-old]. PMID- 6982562 TI - Control of parasitic infections in nonpermissive hosts: applications to improvement of vaccine efficacy. PMID- 6982563 TI - Chromatic dispersion of the ocular media. AB - Measurements of chromatic dispersion of aqueous and vitreous humors, cornea and lens of the eye are sparse and incomplete. The wavelength variation in refractive index of the ocular media of cow, pig, frog (Rana pipiens), chicken, rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), albino rat and cat as well as human lenses was determined by means of Abbe and Pulfrich refractometry. While the humors are somewhat less dispersive than water, the cornea is more dispersive at short wavelengths. In general, the lens is significantly more dispersive than water with dispersion increasing asymptotically at the blue end of the spectrum. The exaggerated dispersion taking place at short wavelengths should be taken into account in calculations of chromatic aberration. PMID- 6982561 TI - Cellular basis of the non-specific potentiation of the immunoglobulin E response after helminth parasite infection. AB - Helminth parasites induce a substantial increase in the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) by the host after infection. Only a portion of the IgE antibody produced is specific for parasite-derived antigens since production of IgE antibody to non-parasite-derived antigens is also stimulated after infection. Investigators have recently observed, in the parasite-infected host, the appearance of both T and B lymphocytes that synthesize lymphokines that affect the production of IgE in vitro. The results of some of these studies will be reviewed presently, and the possible role of lymphokines in the increase of IgE production after helminth infection will be discussed. PMID- 6982565 TI - [Level of C-reactive protein and L-1 antitrypsin in inflammatory conditions of the adnexa uteri and in benign and malignant tumor of the ovary]. PMID- 6982566 TI - [Effect of 3-(4-chlorphenyl-) 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-acetic acid (lonazolac-Ca), diclofenac-Na and indomethacin on the gastrointestinal blood loss]. AB - According to a Latin Square-2 block study design gastrointestinal blood loss after medication with lonacolac-Ca (200 mg t.i.d.), diclofenac-Na (50 mg t.i.d.) and indomethacin (50 mg t.i.d.) was investigated in 6 healthy volunteers. Blood loss was estimated by measuring 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes in the faeces. Each active substance was taken for one week in randomized order, followed by a 7-day period of placebo administration (wash-out period). Stool samples were collected daily, also during placebo periods. Average weekly blood loss was 13.76 ml after lonacolac-Ca, 12.57 ml after diclofenac-Na and 23.687 ml after indomethacin. Blood loss was significantly lower with lonazolac-Ca and diclofenac-Na than with indomethacin (p less than 0.001). There is no difference statistically between the two former substances. PMID- 6982567 TI - [New therapeutic results in osteosarcoma]. AB - Primary systemic chemotherapy and delayed surgery, if it is surgically feasible with preservation of the limb, has produced better results in osteogenic sarcomas than primary surgery with loss of time due to the postoperative therapy free interval. Histologic examination of the resected tumor determines the effect of preoperative chemotherapy and identifies patients at high risk. These patients not having a favorable effect on preoperative chemotherapy can be placed on an alternative postoperative regimen before relapsing clinically. These earlier changes of chemotherapeutic strategy in patients with histologically proven ineffective chemotherapy has yielded further improvement in treatment results in patients with osteogenic sarcomas with a 93% disease free survival (median 20 months) to date using an individualized taylored treatment approach at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/New York. Now that effective chemotherapy is available for many other malignant tumors this model of "neo-adjuvant" chemotherapy could also serve as a model for the treatment of other highly malignant tumours. PMID- 6982568 TI - [Acute abdomen--emergency radiography in the aged]. PMID- 6982569 TI - [Physioprophylaxis of pulmonary embolism by selected methods]. PMID- 6982564 TI - [Cytotoxic activity of the lymphocytes of mice immunized with the influenza virus and its membrane protein]. AB - The cytotoxic activity of spleen lymphocytes of mice C3H and C3HA lines immunized with whole virions and membrane protein of influenza A/PR8/34 virus strain was studied. The cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes of mice immunized with whole virions was found to be higher for cells of primary mouse kidney cultures inoculated with the homologous virus than for cells of a continuous L929 line. The cytotoxic lymphocytes formed in response to the inoculation with membrane protein have a higher lysing activity for target cells of the continuous L929 line. PMID- 6982571 TI - Haemobilia due to ruptured intrahepatic aneurysm in a child. AB - This report describes a major life-threatening haemorrhage in a 10-year-old child, following an intraduct rupture of an intrahepatic aneurysm of the right hepatic artery. The onset of the gastro-intestinal bleed was preceded by trauma which may have contributed to the rupture of the pre-existing aneurysm, although the documented initial injury was apparently slight. The bleeding was successfully controlled after ligation of the right hepatic artery. PMID- 6982570 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigen (ATLA): detection of a glycoprotein in cell- and virus-free supernatant. AB - A glycoprotein of an apparent molecular mass of 46,000, gp 46, was enriched by affinity chromatography from the virus- and cell-free culture medium of adult T cell leukemia virus (ATLV) infected cells. gp 46 was specifically precipitated with sera from patients with adult T-cell leukemia associated antigen (ATLA). Thus, gp 46 is a novel component of the ATLA antigen complex. PMID- 6982572 TI - [Swiss-German Rheumatologists Congress, 5-9 October 1982, Basle. Abstracts]. PMID- 6982573 TI - [Disability evaluation of patients with cervical osteochondrosis and a vertebral artery syndrome]. PMID- 6982574 TI - Intramural haemorrhage of the intestine as an indirect effect of missile trauma. AB - An experimental model for the study of intramural haemorrhages in the intestinal wall following indirect trauma by low-velocity missile is presented. Penetrating or non-penetrating abdominal gun-shot wounds were inflicted on pigs. The macro- and microscopical appearance and development of the haematoma-like lesions were studied. The commonest sites of early (ca. 0.5 h) microscopical lesions were the loose submucosal connective tissue and the mucosa. Mucosal ulcerations were seen in about half of the pigs after 1.5 h. They were probably caused by severe circulatory disturbance after bleeding in the submucosa and mucosa. Later perforating lesions also developed, but not until after ca. 24 h. PMID- 6982575 TI - [Personal experience and considerations on duodenal erosions]. AB - Twenty five hundred esophagogastroduodenoscopies were examined, separating all the duodenal erosions' cases. The most important conclusions refer to two facts in relations to the existence of duodenal erosions (DE) with respect to duodenal erosions when coexisting with gastric erosions (gastroduodenal erosions-GDE). In the duodenal erosions symptomatology dominated frankly, mainly ulcerous syndrome, typical or atypical (P less than 0,01). The GDE had a clear predominancy of bleeding referring to DE (P less than 0,01), suggesting that the DE are to be considered a nosologic entity different as the GDE. The ulcerogenious antecedents (drugs, stress, alcohol, etc.) were frankly positive in both cases when there was bleeding, but of low percentage in the cases without bleeding, suggesting that its presence is important in the causing of bleeding but not in the generating erosions in itself. PMID- 6982577 TI - [In vitro lymphocyte colony growth in patients with autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6982576 TI - [Sclerosing treatment of esophageal varices]. AB - Sixty-five patients with hepatic cirrhosis and esophageal varices were subjected to endoscopic sclerotherapy. Twelve patients were treated in the intervals between hemorrhages; 43 patients were treated after their first hemorrhage. The rate of survival in a 5 to 26 month period was 82%. PMID- 6982578 TI - Differentiation of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro. PMID- 6982579 TI - Coagulation-fibrinolytic inhibitors on familial cases of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6982580 TI - [Immunopathology of paraproteinemic hemoblastoses]. AB - Multiple myeloma is the most common disease characterized by paraproteinemia. The present paper deals with the immunological behaviour of these tumor cells, concentrates on dysfunctions of immunosurveillance and discusses the issue of tumor rejection by immunological means. PMID- 6982581 TI - [New knowledge in Von Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome]. PMID- 6982582 TI - Cardiovascular effects of continuous intravenous anaesthesia compared with those of inhalational anaesthesia. PMID- 6982584 TI - Bound potassium in muscle III. PMID- 6982585 TI - Changes in platelet function and blood serotonin level in migraine patients during treatment with femoxetine. AB - Reports have indicated that patients with migraine have abnormalities in platelet function and in the metabolism of vasoactive monoamines. On the basis of these findings, a number of compounds with a stabilizing effect on the level of free vasoactive monoamines in plasma or with anti-platelet effects have been evaluated with regard to their prophylactic effect in migraine. Femoxetine, a new phenylpiperidine derivative and a potent selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, has been suggested as a useful prophylactic drug in migraine. The present studies were designed to evaluate platelet function and blood serotonin levels in patients with migraine before and during femoxetine treatment. During the treatment of 11 patients with migraine with 300 mg femoxetine daily, blood serotonin decreased from 0.17 +/- 0.06 microgram/ml (mean +/- SD) to 0.06 +/- 0.02 microgram/ml. In 8 patients treated with 300 mg femoxetine daily for 12 weeks, 14C-serotonin uptake into platelets in vitro was reduced significantly. Unlike most drugs used in migraine prophylaxis, femoxetine did not influence platelet aggregation in vitro. The demonstration of a certain prophylactic effect of femoxetine in some patients lends support to theories of a serotonin involvement in the pathogenesis of migraine. It does not, however, exclude the possibility of a platelet abnormality as the primary cause of migraine. A hypothesis combining the 2 theories is put forward. PMID- 6982583 TI - Steroid spectrum in human urine as revealed by gas chromatography V. Identification and quantitation of 3 alpha, 20 alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta pregnan-11 one (11-keto-pregnanediol) during different stages of development in children with C/21 hydroxylase deficiency. AB - A component was observed in the steroid spectrum of the urine of salt-loosing children with C/21-hydroxylase deficiency, which was eluted from Sp 2100 stationary phase before pregnanetriol but, unlike pregnanetriol, exhibited heat and acid stability. This component was isolated by paper chromatography and identified as 3 alpha, 20 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-11-one by GC-MS and further gas chromatographic analysis. The amount of the steroid was minimal in the urine of infants, while in children submitted to substitution corticoid therapy it showed an increasing tendency, especially during puberty. The maximal value of excretion, in one case, amounted to 17% relative to total steroids. In puberty a significant excretion of 11-keto-pregnanediol indicates that under the given conditions the 11 beta-hydroxylation of steroid intermediates in the adrenals may be considerable not only at the level of 11-hydroxy-progesterone but also at that of progesterone. PMID- 6982587 TI - Conjunctival spheroid degeneration. Recurrence after excision. AB - After excision of part of the conjunctiva in 15 eyes (14 subjects) due to spheroid degeneration, the author noticed only fairly small, varying numbers of autofluorescent and colourless spheroids-after an observation period of 18 months, only 6% of autofluorescent and 13% of colourless bodies were observed compared to the number before biopsy. Around the biopsy site only a few spheroids were seen, with a non-significant tendency to increase in number of the colourless bodies. In the cornea the band-shaped keratopathy had aggravated, with the formation of a small number of large, autofluorescent spheroids. A pinguecula recurred in a mild degree only in 3 out of 13 cases within 18 months. PMID- 6982586 TI - Serum vitamin D metabolites in epileptic patients treated with 2 different anti convulsants. AB - The serum concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) were measured in 18 epileptic patients and 10 controls. The patients were divided according to the anti-convulsant treatment they had been receiving for at least 1 year: 9 patients had received phenytoin and 9 patients carbamazepine, as the sole anti-convulsant therapy. The serum 25OHD was decreased in the patients on phenytoin (P less than 0.01), whereas the other serum vitamin D metabolites were normal. Moreover, serum alkaline phosphatase was increased (P less than 0.001) and serum calcium was decreased (P less than 0.001) in this patient group. In the patient group treated with carbamazepine (a negligible, liver inductor), changes in serum 25OHD and serum alkaline phosphatase were less pronounced (P less than 0.05), but the same degree of hypocalcaemia (P less than 0.001) was present. Our data suggest that liver induction in epileptic patients on anti-convulsant drugs cannot explain the pathophysiology behind anti convulsant osteomalacia. PMID- 6982588 TI - [Cochleo-vestibular pathology in toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6982589 TI - Lymphocyte markers in childhood ALL: the lack of correlation with prognosis. AB - Presentation blast cells from 39 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were studied for T- or B-lymphocyte characteristics. Eleven patients had blasts with T cell phenotype and one child had B-cell leukaemia. The rest belonged to the non T, non-B group. Clinical features were similar in the T-cell and non-T, non-B cell group, including the initial WBC count and the presence of mediastinal mass. Although patients with T-cell leukaemia fared worse than those in the non-T, non B group, the difference in survival was not statistically significant. These data are not in accordance with the findings of most other groups and are thought to stem from the chance occurrence of relatively low initial WBC counts in the T cell group. PMID- 6982590 TI - The significance of antinuclear antibodies in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis associated with chronic bilateral iridocyclitis. AB - Serum samples from 8 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and chronic bilateral iridocyclitis were significantly distinguished from 5 children with JRA and no eye symptoms by the presence of large immune complexes (IC) greater than 22S, IgM antinuclear antibodies (ANA), IgG granulocyte-specific (GS ) ANA, C3 fixing ANA, and IgM anti-IgG. One serum with and two sera without IC greater than 22S, all from patients with iridocyclitis, were fractionated by rate zonal ultracentrifugation. Each fraction relevant for the study was separately concentrated and reexamined. In one of the sera without IC greater than 22S this technique exposed the presence of IgA GS-ANA not detectable in the corresponding whole serum. IgG ANA were precipitated in an area with higher molecular weight than the one for IgG indicating the presence of aggregated IgG ANA. Fractionation of the serum with IC greater than 22S demonstrated IgM GS-ANA not present in whole serum. The results support previous suggestions that ANA may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic iridocyclitis and may explain why ANA (in particular C3 fixing ANA) negative patients with JRA rarely develop chronic iridocyclitis. PMID- 6982591 TI - Histiocytosis X with catecholamine excess. PMID- 6982592 TI - Target antigens for bactericidal and opsonizing antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Three components of Haemophilus influenzae (capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide and proteins of the outer membrane) were studied concerning their possible role as target antigens for bactericidal and opsonizing antibodies. In rabbit antisera against capsulated H. influenzae the bactericidal antibodies were mainly directed against the capsular polysaccharide but also, to a smaller extent, against the outer membrane antigens. Using a non-capsulated mutant of H. influenzae type b it was demonstrated that both the lipopolysaccharide and the proteins of the outer membrane are target antigens for bactericidal antibodies. In antisera against whole bacteria antibodies against the lipopolysaccharide and the outer membrane, proteins were in equal concentrations, while in antisera against the outer membrane a greater proportion of the bactericidal antibodies were directed against the lipopolysaccharide. Some of the outer membrane target proteins for bactericidal antibodies were common to various serotypes of H. influenzae. The capsular polysaccharide as well as the lipopolysaccharide and the proteins of the outer membrane constituted target antigens also for opsonizing antibodies to capsulated H. influenzae type b. PMID- 6982593 TI - Membrane potential dependence of potential oscillation induced by cevadine in striated muscle. AB - The dependence of the membrane potential oscillation induced by cevadine on the actual transmembrane potential was studied in the frog sartorius muscle. 1. If the membrane potential oscillation is recorded for hours, its amplitude is seen to decrease slowly and smoothly and the membrane potential measured during the resting period among the waves of oscillation also decreases simultaneously. This means that the depolarization increases. 2. The increase of depolarization results not only in a decrease in the amplitude of the oscillation but the oscillation ceases between -40 and -55 mV as well. 3. The phenomenon reappears if the membrane is partially repolarized on a cevadine treated muscle fibre on which the membrane potential oscillation has already ceased as a consequence of the relatively marked depolarization. 4. Changing the membrane potential either to a value more positive than -40 mV, or to one more negative than -90 mV the developed oscillation activity may reversibly be suspended. 5. According to the above results, the amplitude of the membrane potential oscillation depends on the actual membrane potential. If other factors which may influence the oscillation parameters are unchanged, the relationship between the oscillation amplitude and the membrane potential can be characterized by a linear equation. In these cases there is a close correlation between the measured values and the calculated ones. PMID- 6982596 TI - The dependence of the latency relaxation on temperature in single muscle fibres of the frog. AB - The time course of the latency relaxation was studied at various temperatures in the range 0-26 degrees. Over the entire range the time of onset of the drop in tension, t1, was independent of sarcomere length. At temperatures above 12-15 degrees C the falling phase had a point of inflexion, while at lower temperatures there was an interval during which the tension fell at a constant rate. The time when the rate of drop in tension had passed its maximum value tL2, the time to the maximum drop in tension t2, and the time when the tension crossed the resting level t3, all showed linear dependence on sarcomere length in the range from 2.1 to 2.7-3.4 microgram. In this range the durations of the intervals tL2-t1, t2-t1, and t3-t1 were nearly proportional to the distance from the Z-line to the end of the zone of overlap between the thick and the thin filaments. This could be explained as the activation being a longitudinal process starting from the Z line. The slopes (dt/dS) of the linear portions of the time variables t1.2, t2, and t3 in a time-sarcomere length (S) diagram all had the same dependence on temperature giving a Q10 of 1.75. Under the assumption that the activation process followed a diffusion of calcium from the Z-line region to the zone of overlap a diffusion coefficient was estimated. At room temperature it had a magnitude of about 1/20 of that for calcium chloride in water. It had a dependence on temperature corresponding to an Arrhenius activation energy of about 37 kJ/mol which is about twice the activation energy for a simple diffusion of calcium in water. The results can be interpreted in terms of the time course of the latency relaxation mainly reflecting a longitudinal diffusion of calcium ions in the sarcoplasm. PMID- 6982594 TI - Recurrent depression of postsynaptic responses in the frog motoneurons at low temperature. AB - Recurrent depression of responses evoked in motoneurons by sciatic nerve volleys was studied at 1-3 degrees C body temperature in Rana esculenta. Gross recordings from the ventral root axons and intracellular recordings from the motoneurons were made. In accord previous data obtained from the same species using the same techniques at room temperature, recurrent volleys depressed the responses of motoneurons to sciatic nerve impulses also at low temperature. The latency and duration of the depression was increased by a factor of about two with cooling. The short latency components of the evoked responses suffered more than the late ones. Intracellularly was indicated depression by delay or blockage of postsynaptic discharge and diminution of epsp in motoneurons. The data are considered as evidence for the operation of simple polysynaptic pathways in the central nervous system of poikilothermic animals at temperatures near 0 degrees C. Properties of the interaction are in accord with those found at higher temperature and undergo the expected modifications with cooling. PMID- 6982597 TI - Increase of resistance to stretch during the latent period in single muscle fibres of the frog. AB - The time from stimulation to the first change of the extensibility in an isolated skeletal muscle fibre was measured by subjecting the fibre to a rapid, small stretch at various times during the latent period. The experiments were performed at constant temperatures in the range 1-16 degrees C. Irrespective of the temperature, the first increase of the resistance to stretch occurred after the onset of the latency relaxation. At a temperature or 10 degrees C and a sarcomere length of 3 microgram the resistance started to increase 5.5 ms after stimulation, i.e. 1.5-2 ms after the onset of the drop in tension, and then increased nearly linearly with time. Corresponding to the end of the latent period, i.e. when the tension recrosses the resting level, the amplitude of the response was about 1.5 times its resting value. There was an interval between the onset of increase f the resistance to stretch and the time when the rate of drop in tension had passed its maximum value. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the latency relaxation arises from a minute lengthening of the thin filaments as proposed by Haugen & Sten-Knudsen, and that attachment and generation of force take place at separate steps of the cross-bridge cycle. PMID- 6982595 TI - Pulmonary diffusing capacity of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). AB - Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lungs (DLCO) was measured in bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana (mean body weight 260 g) along with oxygen uptake, pulmonary perfusion and lung volume. The measurements were all performed by methods depending on mass-spectrometry. Pulmonary oxygen uptake, DLCO and perfusion all increased with body temperature. At 20 degrees C O2-uptake was 0.49 ml STPD . kg 1 . min-1 at rest and DLCO was 0.022 ml STPD . kg-1 . min-1 . Torr-1. At 30 degrees C the values for O2-uptake and DLCO approximately doubled. Lung volume was large (90 ml . kg-1) and independent of body temperature. Oxygen uptake and DLCO of the bullfrog were small compared to values for a similar-sized mammal but the ratios of DLCO to O2-uptake quite similar. Analysis of available data on DLCO and O2-uptake in ectotherms also suggests a close correlation between O2-uptake and DLCO. PMID- 6982599 TI - Short-range elasticity after tetanic stimulation in single muscle fibres of the frog. AB - The time course of the stiffness during the relaxation period following tetanic stimulation was studied in isolated single muscle fibres of the frog. The stiffness was measured by subjecting the fibres to a sudden stretch at constant velocity from an initial sarcomere length of 2.2 microns, and related to the tension carried by the muscle fibre immediately before the stretch. Both stiffness and tension fell close to the resting level during the first second (4 degrees C) after the end of stimulation. While stiffness and tension fell proportionally during the phase of almost exponential decline in tension following the shoulder in the tension recording, the relative drop in stiffness was less than the relative drop in tension during the preceding phase of almost linear decline in tension corresponding to the first 300-400 ms after the end of stimulation. PMID- 6982600 TI - Latency relaxation in frog skeletal muscle under hypertonic conditions. AB - The effect of exposure to hypertonic conditions on latency relaxation (LR), twitch tension and resting tension in frog toe muscle was studied. Measurements were carried out in standard and hypertonic conditions (1 to 3.6 times standard tonicity) and following transversal stimulation. In hypertonic conditions, the LR showed increased duration and decreased amplitude. Both time course and amplitude showed the same dependency on sarcomere length as in standard conditions. The fall in amplitude and extension of the time course was proportional to the increase in tonicity up to 2.2 times the tonicity of the standard. At higher tonicities the time course extended earlier and diverged from the linear dependency, the amplitude falling later with increasing tonicity. The LR was abolished at tonicities exceeding 3 times the standard. In hypertonic conditions the twitch tension was reduced and extended, but showed the same dependency on sarcomere length as in standard conditions. The amplitude showed the same dependency on tonicity as the LR amplitude. The time course extended in a non linear way with growing tonicity. In hypertonic conditions the resting tension was higher than or the same as in standard conditions, and the dependency on sarcomere length was the same. PMID- 6982602 TI - Sleep disorders in relation to coronary heart disease. AB - In a cross-sectional study of 5419 Finnish adult men, a higher prevalence of diagnosed myocardial infarction was found among those who slept more than 9 hours, whilst those sleeping less than 6 hours per night had more symptomatic coronary heart disease (CHD). This relationship held after controlling by multivariate analysis for age, sleep quality, use of sleeping pills and tranquilizers, smoking, alcohol use, Type A score, neuroticism, use of cardiovascular drug and history of hypertension. The cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology of sleep is reviewed and the relationship of some specific sleep disorders to CHD is discussed. PMID- 6982598 TI - Changes in myelinated nerve fibres caused by insulating layers. AB - Single myelinated nerve fibres of the frog were investigated electron microscopically and electrophysiologically. The following results were obtained. Dissected internodes exhibited small deteriorations only compared to undissected fibres. In the vaseline seal the cross section area of the axoplasm was reduced by a factor of about 3. In the air gap the corresponding figure was about 5. With electrical measurements of up to 2 h the vaseline seal did not affect the axoplasmic resistance of the belonging internode. In corresponding experiments with an air gap, the axoplasmic resistance of the internode doubled after 49 +/- 14 min (mean +/- S.D.; n = 8). Thereafter, the resistance increased rapidly up to about 3,000 times normal, depending on the atmospheric humidity. The consequences of these findings for potential clamp experiments are discussed. PMID- 6982601 TI - Psychosocial risk factors for coronary heart disease. AB - Four clusters of psychosocial risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) are reviewed. Socio-economic disadvantage acts through a number of influences to increase CHD risk. In advanced industrialized nations those in the lower social strata now have much higher CHD risk than persons in middle and upper social classes. Sustained disturbing emotions represent a second cluster. Anxiety, depression and other indices of neuroticism have frequently been found in association with angina pectoris and cardiac death, though not with myocardial infarction (MI). However, sleep disturbances are associated with angina, cardiac death and MI. The Type A behaviour pattern results from an interaction between a self-activating individual and an environment which rewards hurried and competitive activity. Despite a small number of negative findings, the Type A pattern has been shown in cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective studies by many research teams to be associated with a variety of manifestations of CHD. A fourth, and more recently recognized cluster of psychosocial risk factors, may be grouped together under the general heading of "overload". Many investigations have now shown, for example, that excessive workload is a powerful predictor of CHD risk. It is suggested that all four clusters share the common property of exposing the individual, either chronically, or in frequently recurring episodes, to excessive psychological demands. They appear to exert their pathogenic influence through long-term mechanisms such as atherosclerosis or plaque formation, rather than by precipitating sudden coronary events. PMID- 6982603 TI - Localization of asialo GM1 and Forssman antigen in the small intestine of mouse. PMID- 6982604 TI - Ganglioside patterns of frog nervous tissues. AB - Frog gangliosides were prepared from the brain and the peripheral nerves and investigated by neuraminidase treatment. The precise distribution patterns of the total gangliosides and their hydrolysis products were analyzed by multiple two dimensional thin-layer chromatography. It was found that frog nervous tissues contained unique gangliosides which were easily hydrolyzed by neuraminidase and converted into asialo-GM1, suggesting the presence of new linkages of the sialic acids. PMID- 6982606 TI - [Anthropometric measurements of healthy children and adolescents, 13 to 18 years old]. PMID- 6982605 TI - Neurological monitoring. AB - Intensive care of the patient who has acute brain injury has undergone major changes. Neurologic monitoring, particularly continuous recording of the intracranial pressure, appears to have contributed to an improved outcome in head injured patients. Computerized axial tomographic scanning has revolutionized the diagnosis and serial assessment of the patient. Other techniques such as cerebral blood flow measurements, reflectance spectrophotometry, and sophisticated electrophysiologic recording are being utilized in the laboratory and in man as monitoring techniques. There utility and potential applications are discussed, and the present role of monitoring reviewed. PMID- 6982608 TI - [Characteristics of genetic carriers of congenital color vision defects. (5) Abnormalities of cone photopigments in proto-carriers]. PMID- 6982607 TI - The anti-inflammatory action of nepitrin, a flavonoid. AB - The anti-inflammatory efficacy of nepitrin (5,3',4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxy flavone), a flavonoid, was investigated in both acute and chronic models of inflammation in rats. Nepitrin was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity in the exudative and proliferative phases of inflammation. This action of nepitrin could be due to its anti-bradykinin and anti-angiotensin action. Nepitrin also possessed anti-pyretic and weak analgesic activity. The study reveals that nepitrin may be useful as an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agent. PMID- 6982609 TI - Bundle branch block after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6982610 TI - Cytochemistry of acid hydrolases in chronic B- and T-cell leukemias. AB - Four acid hydrolases, acid phosphatase (AP), alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, were determined cytochemically in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 50 patients with B and T chronic lymphocytic and prolymphocytic leukemias (CLL, PLL) and related disorders. Strong positive reactions were characteristic of the T-cell leukemias while the reactions were weak or negative in B-CLL and B-PLL. Differences in the cytochemical profile of T-CLL and T-PLL were noted. In both, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were positive; these enzymes are therefore good cytochemical markers of the chronic T-cell leukemias. AP and ANAE gave different results according to the disease process; AP was strong in T-CLL and variable in T-PLL, while ANAE was strongly positive in T-PLL, but weak or negative in T-CLL. The findings in T-CLL, a proliferation of T gamma lymphocytes, were similar to those of normal T gamma cells. In T-PLL, the findings did not relate to the membrane phenotype as defined by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6982611 TI - Prevalence and consequences of drug abuse among U.S. military personnel: 1980. AB - A worldwide survey of nonmedical drug use among U.S. military personnel was conducted in 1980. A stratified multistage probability sample was drawn and a questionnaire administered by staff of Burt Associates, Inc. The results show that 27% of the military personnel reported they had used some type of drug or drugs nonmedically in the past 30 d; 36% reported such use within the past year. Prevalence rates are presented for each of nine drug categories. Nonmedical drug use is limited primarily to junior enlisted personnel. The overwhelming majority of nonmedical drug use in the military is occasional or experimental in nature. From these results obtained, it is estimated that 3% of Department of Defense (DOD) junior enlisted personnel were physiologically drug dependent and a total of 4% were physiologically or psychologically drug dependent at some time during the preceding 12 months. The proportions of junior enlisted personnel reporting consequences of drug use and work impairment because of drug use are also presented. There is no general pattern of nonmedical use being more prevalent among military personnel than comparable civilians. PMID- 6982612 TI - The functions of marijuana abuse for adolescents. AB - Research on adolescent marijuana use has given insufficient attention to understanding the functions of marijuana in youngsters' overall adaptation, and particularly in the context of family psychodynamics. This research focused on 17 marijuana-abusing adolescents who were selected according to the "representative case method." Data obtained through unstructured psychodynamic interviews with the youngsters and their families were analyzed to identify the functions which marijuana played for these adolescents. Five key functions related to family psychodynamics-defiance and provocation, self-destructiveness, control of anger, grandiosity, and escape from competitive conflicts-are described. A case illustration is presented to show how these functions are interrelated in the adolescents' adaptation. PMID- 6982614 TI - Fatal bleeding from esophageal varices in a patient with Gaucher's disease. PMID- 6982613 TI - A response to Dr. Cohen's recommendations concerning the legalization of marijuana. PMID- 6982615 TI - Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding from ileal varices associated with intraabdominal adhesions: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6982616 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a monoclonal disease. AB - A black woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was found to have monoclonal B lymphocytes with one type of surface immunoglobulin and one variant of G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) (G6PD A). Erythrocytes and T cells contained both G6PD A and G6PD B and hence were of polyclonal origin. The CLL cells in this patient likely arose from a developmental stage later than the step of differentiation into T and B lymphocytes. Furthermore, her erythrocytes did not arise from a stem cell affected by the CLL process. PMID- 6982617 TI - Macrophage function linked to the toxic effects of mineral dusts. PMID- 6982618 TI - Autoantibodies in coalminers: their relationship to the development of progressive massive fibrosis. AB - Sera from 2421 coalminers, representing all the radiological categories of pneumoconiosis, and from 260 healthy blood donors, as controls, were examined for antinuclear factor and rheumatoid factor. Antinuclear factors were present in 21.5% of sera from the controls and in 23.1% from the coalminers' group. Rheumatoid factor was present in 5.3% of coalminers and as expected occurred particularly in the few men with progressive massive fibrosis who also had rheumatoid disease. The combined prevalence of both factors showed an increase with age at all disease levels and a significant association with pneumoconiosis category only in men older than 60 years. This study provides no evidence that autoantibodies are likely to be of value in detecting men predisposed to the development of massive fibrosis other than those with rheumatoid disease. PMID- 6982620 TI - The new epidemic. Immune deficiency, opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 6982619 TI - Genetic study of a family with two members with Weber Christian disease (panniculitis) and alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotypes and serum levels are presented for a family in which two brothers have Weber Christian disease and alpha 1 antitrypsin (PI) Z phenotypes. Clinical histories are described for these two men. A younger brother has the PI Z phenotype but does not have the disease, indicating that additional genetic and/or environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of Weber Christian disease. However, the two cases described provide additional evidence for a relationship between alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency and the development of symptoms. PMID- 6982621 TI - Penetration of intravenously administered cefoxitin into the aqueous humor of inflamed human eyes. AB - Intravenous injections of cefoxitin (2-g doses for adults and 40 mg/kg of body weight doses for children) were administered 90 minutes to two hours before surgery. All nine eyes had anterior segment inflammation. Samples of aqueous humor removed during surgery showed a mean cefoxitin concentration of 6.22 micrograms/ml, almost three times the concentration reported in uninflamed eyes. The greater penetration may have been the result of a breakdown in the blood aqueous barrier. There were no complications. PMID- 6982622 TI - Effects of irradiation upon the response of murine spleen cells to mitogens. AB - The mitogenic response of murine spleen cells exposed to graded doses of radiation was evaluated. Low-dose exposures were associated with an augmented response to concanavalin A (Con A) that was most marked with 100 rads. Low-dose augmentation of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation was equivocal and most pronounced in cells exposed to 10-20 rads. Augmentation was only demonstrable when the cells were irradiated immediately prior to mitogenic stimulation. Timed exposures after stimulation with Con A or PHA showed no evidence that mitogen activation increased radioresistance, although the possibility could not be excluded that activation protects against interphase cell death. Reduced isotope incorporation was associated with all doses of radiation evaluated in cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). On this basis it is concluded that 1) each of the mitogens tested differs in its capacity to stimulate irradiated spleen cells; 2) radiation-induced augmentation is noted with those mitogens (Con A and possibly PHA) known to activate only T cells; 3) radiation-induced augmentation may be due to the release of mitogenically active molecules by injured lymphocytes. PMID- 6982625 TI - IgE anti-IgG antibodies in patients with juvenile and adult rheumatoid arthritis including Felty's syndrome. AB - Anti-IgG antibodies (anti-IgG) of the IgE class were studied in sera from patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with Felty's syndrome (FS) by use of an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Forty-two per cent of 26 patients with JRA had IgE anti-IgG in serum all in low titers. Positive reactions prevailed in patients with multiple joint involvement. Sixty-three per cent of 30 patients with RA and 80% of 20 patients with FS had IgE anti-IgG, the titers found in FS patients being significantly higher. In JRA and FS patients the IgE anti-IgG titers were correlated to the titers of anti-IgG of the IgG class, and for FS patients also with the IgM and IgA classes of anti-IgG. In six of 10 patients with RA the synovial fluid samples from both knees contained IgE anti-IgG. In four of these patients the titers of IgE anti-IgG were higher than in the corresponding serum sample, pointing to a local production. After G-200 Sephadex chromatography IgE anti-IgG were demonstrated in the void volume indicating the presence of these autoantibodies in immune complexes. IgE anti-IgG may be involved in the pathogenesis of JRA and RA by eliciting Type I and III reactions. PMID- 6982624 TI - Endoscopic noninvasive manometry of esophageal varices: prognostic significance. AB - Our study attempts to establish a relation between the pressure in the esophageal varices and the clinical outcome in 18 patients in whom sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices was performed. The measured pressure was compared to the endoscopic findings. Before sclerotherapy, a noninvasive manometric measurement was performed on the varices using a spheric membrane manometer fixed at the tip of an endoscope. Twelve of our 18 patients suffered repeated hemorrhage which led to death in five. We discovered a relation between the measured pressure and the outcome. Beside this, we measured the highest pressures in the largest varices. The relation that seems to exist between the pressure in the esophageal varices, the endoscopic findings, and the severity of the portal hypertension may provide new opportunities for research in this field. PMID- 6982623 TI - Mechanism of luminal alkalinization by bullfrog fundic mucosa. AB - Metiamide-inhibited fundic mucosa of bullfrog secreted alkali (OH-) at 0.1-0.2 mueq.cm-2.h-1.OH- was abolished by dinitrophenol (DNP) and was decreased significantly by 4,4-didsothiocyano-2,2-disulfonate stilbene (DIDS), anoxia, or HCO3(-)-free nutrient solution. In Na+ solutions, increasing nutrient, [HCO3(-)] augmented OH- and Isc linearly while resistance (R) decreased. No such changes occurred in Na+-free nutrient solution. In all experiments, delta Isc was approximately 12 X delta OH. Replacement of Cl- in the secretory solutions or in the nutrient solutions had no significant influence on OH-. When Na+-free nutrient solutions and Cl--free secretory solutions were present, OH- decreased significantly (P less than 0.01). Increasing nutrient [Cl-] in the absence of secretory Cl- significantly (P less than 0.01) augmented OH- and Isc. In the absence of secretory Cl-, OH- and Isc were linearly related to varying nutrient [Cl-]. In tissues with nutrient solutions on the secretory side and vice versa, apparent OH- was 0.4-0.5 mueq.cm-1.h-1 and was dependent on secretory [HCO3(-)] but was not affected by DNP, DIDS, or replacement of Cl- on secretory or nutrient solutions. We conclude that 1) OH- secretion is dependent on nutrient HCO3(-) and Na+ and oxidative metabolism, 2) endogenous HCO3(-) does not contribute significantly, and 3) adequate tissue Cl- must be present for normal OH-. PMID- 6982626 TI - [Hemodynamic analysis of 6 different anesthesia induction procedures in coronary surgery patients]. AB - We investigated the cardiovascular effects of intravenous thiopentone (3.0 mg/kg), etomidate (0.3 mg/kg), althesin (0.07 ml/kg), ketamine (1.5 mg/kg), diazepam (0.15 mg/kg) and flunitrazepam (0.015 mg/kg) alone and after the addition of fentanyl (0.01 mg/kg) during induction of anaesthesia in 46 premedicated patients subjected to coronary artery bypass surgery. Thiopentone, etomidate or diazepam caused only small changes in the haemodynamic determinants of myocardial oxygen supply and demand (arterial pressure, heart rate, left and right ventricular filling pressure) in patients with coronary artery disease in whom global resting left ventricular function was normal. Althesin and flunitrazepam produced a significant fall in arterial pressure, cardiac index and stroke index; heart rate increased after the administration of althesin. Ketamine markedly elevated systemic and pulmonary pressure, heart rate, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, right and left ventricular filling pressure. The subsequent administration of fentanyl was associated with a further decrease in arterial pressure in the althesin and flunitrazepam group. The circulatory stimulating effects of ketamine were largely abolished by fentanyl. None of the induction procedures was associated with cardiovascular stimulation during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. PMID- 6982627 TI - [Complement-fixing rabies antibodies in mice vaccinated and posteriorly challenged]. PMID- 6982628 TI - [Development of a serological micromethod for the detection of antibodies against Francisella tularensis]. PMID- 6982629 TI - [Incidence and identification of fluorescent Pseudomonas isolated from human clinical material]. PMID- 6982631 TI - [Microbiological determination of choline in rice (Oryza sativa)]. PMID- 6982630 TI - [Microbiological determination of choline in soy beans (Glycine hispida)]. PMID- 6982632 TI - [Ultrastructural study of cell damage induced by measles virus in vitro]. PMID- 6982633 TI - [Fixation of C3 of mice to guinea pig EAC142 complex]. PMID- 6982634 TI - Acute cardiovascular changes following disoprofol. Effects in heavily sedated patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6982636 TI - An adverse reaction to the administration of disoprofol (Diprivan). PMID- 6982635 TI - Acebutolol and coronary artery surgery. Plasma levels following oral pre operative treatment. AB - Plasma levels of acebutolol and its major human metabolite, diacetolol, were determined before, during and after aortocoronary bypass grafting in 10 patients who had received a chronic oral regimen of acebutolol 200 mg t.d.s. for at least 6 days before surgery, a 200 mg dose with the premedication and 5-10 mg intravenously immediately before intubation. It was found that this regimen produced beta-adrenoceptor antagonist levels which were within the range in which attenuation of hypertension and tachydysrhythmia occurs. These effective plasma levels were sustained throughout surgery and persisted into the early recovery period. PMID- 6982637 TI - [Morphine-"anesthesia"--coronary blood flow and oxygen consumption in patients with coronary artery disease]. AB - The effects of large dose morphine-oxygen "anaesthesia" (6 mk/kg) on myocardial blood flow (argon wash-in), myocardial oxygen consumption, myocardial lactate balance and cardiovascular dynamics were studied in 8 patients on maintenance doses of beta-receptor antagonists undergoing two or three vessel coronary artery bypass operations. Measurements were performed in the awake state, 10 min after morphine infusion without surgical stimulation, during sternotomy and 3-4 h after the operation in the intensive care unit at normothermia. Large doses of morphine produced a 13% reduction in coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption. Mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced with two patients requiring administration of a vasopressor. During sternotomy arterial pressure and heart rate markedly increased, resulting in an increase in myocardial work as reflected by a 40% increase in myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow. 7 patients required vasodilator therapy. Myocardial lactate production was observed in 1 patient. During recovery blood pressure was reduced while heart rate was increased. Myocardial oxygen consumption was reduced by 18% while coronary blood flow had reached preinfusion levels indicating luxury perfusion after cardioplegia. Our data demonstrate that large doses of morphine as the sole "anaesthetic" fail to provide adequate reflex blockade during sternotomy and adversely affect myocardial oxygen balance in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6982638 TI - Topical anesthesia for nasogastric tube placement. PMID- 6982639 TI - Management of pediatric cellulitis. PMID- 6982642 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibodies in the study of the lymphoid system. I. Ontogeny and differentiation]. PMID- 6982640 TI - Hemoductal pancreatitis. PMID- 6982643 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibodies in the study of the lymphoid system. II. Classification and treatment of the leukemias]. AB - The use of monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens has let to make immunologic classifications of leukemias. It is possible now the separation of new lymphocyte populations and a more accurate identification of neoplastic cells. Nevertheless a too high number of leukemia subtypes has been proposed, some of them without clinical and biological own characteristics. Also, sometimes the exact identification is difficult because the appearance of surface antigens can be different in neoplastic cells than in normal lymphocytes. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against neoplastic antigens have been attempted with hopeful results but the number of leukemic cells increase again few days after. Further studies on this field are needed. PMID- 6982644 TI - Serologic and HLA associations in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, a clinical subset of lupus erythematosus. AB - We studied the autoimmune serologic features and histocompatibility antigen associations of 27 patients who had a widespread, nonscarring and often photosensitive form of histologically specific cutaneous lupus erythematosus. We designated this disorder as subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Skin lesions from this disorder can be distinguished from scarring discoid lupus erythematosus lesions both on a morphologic and histopathologic basis. Antinuclear and anticytoplasmic antibodies (Ro or Ro and La) and circulating immune complexes were frequently present in patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, whereas rheumatoid factor and anti-lymphocyte, anti-DNA, anti-nRNP, and anti-Sm antibodies were found less frequently. Patients having annular skin lesions represented a particularly homogeneous subgroup in which there was a striking concordance of anti-Ro antibodies and the HLA-DR3 phenotype. These studies clearly establish that the presence of these lesions can serve as a cutaneous marker for a distinct subset of patients with lupus erythematosus who share similar clinical, serologic, and genetic features. PMID- 6982641 TI - [Hematemesis in childhood. Use of the fiberscope in diagnosis]. AB - Authors report the results of utilization of fiberscope (FEC) in pediatric patients with hematemesis. They emphasize the utility of this method, its high percentage of positivity in the diagnostic in relation to the precocity of the FEC and the high incidence of hemorrhage gastritis in relation to salycilates ingest. PMID- 6982646 TI - Regulation of contact allergy in the B cell--deficient mouse. AB - We have examined the obligate role of B cells in the regulation of allergic contact dermatitis. Our model is ACD in mice made B cell deficient by the chronic administration from birth of a goat antisera to mouse IgM. The following ACD phenomena are well demonstrated in these mice: (1) acquisition and expression of ACD, (2) spontaneous waning of ACD soon after sensitization, (3) immunological tolerance induced by pretreatment with either parenteral hapten or haptenated spleen cells, (4) immunopotentiation by means of either cyclophosphamide or the local administration of a suspension of killed C. parvum (P. acnes), (5) the flare-up of previous test sites following the local administration of parenteral allergen, and (6) acquisition and expression of photo-ACD. We conclude that B cell participation is not required for these ACD phenomena, although an optional or subsidiary function for B regulatory cells is not excluded. PMID- 6982645 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica: a 10-year epidemiologic and clinical study. AB - Ninety-six patients with polymyalgia rheumatica were identified in Olmsted County, Minnesota, during the 10-year period 1970 to 1979. Giant cell arteritis was found in 15 of the 96 patients. The average annual incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica in the population increased from 19.8 per 100 000 in persons 50 to 59 years of age, to a maximum of 112.2 per 100 000 in persons 70 to 79 years of age. Eighty-three of the 96 patients (86%) had recovered by the end of the study. Median duration of the disease was 11 months (range, 2 to 54 months). Polymyalgia rheumatica had no effect on survival. Both corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs were used in treatment. Response was more rapid in patients given corticosteroids, but nonsteroidal drugs were used successfully, especially in milder cases. Relapses and adverse reactions to treatment were more frequent in patients given corticosteroids. The findings show that polymyalgia rheumatica is a relatively common disease in middle-aged and older persons and generally runs a self-limited course. PMID- 6982648 TI - T cell signals in tolerance. AB - In contact sensitivity (and other forms of T cell sensitivities), T cell activation and priming of the system requires at least two signals. Signal 1 includes specific antigen and signal 2 is a nonspecific stimulus. Ordinarily, the signals are invoked in an associative manner, but they can be delivered separately. The physiocochemical nature of the antigen and the manner of host processing are critical to the delivery of signal 2. Tolerance in unprimed systems is induced by the presentation of signal 1 (antigen) in forms and by routes that do not activate signal 2. This seems to invoke suppressor mechanisms and to directly inactivate TDH cells. In primed systems where contact sensitivity is present, signals 1 and 2 boost the response. In primed systems, "off signals" (desensitization) may be provided by some anti-id antibodies, which act by stimulating suppressor mechanisms that finally work to down regulate TDH. Antigen alone (signal 1) also appears to be capable of directly down regulating TDH, but so far it has not proved a powerful tool in desensitizing primed T cells. PMID- 6982647 TI - Consequences of prenatal exposure to maternal alloantigens. PMID- 6982649 TI - Can experimental B cell tolerance serve as a model for self tolerance? AB - We have examined the abilities of the mature and immature immune systems to discriminate between tolerogenic and nontolerogenic forms of a hapten-carrier conjugate; both forms are multivalent nonimmunogenic polymers of the same molecular weight, and have the same avidity for free, hapten-specific antibody and hapten-binding B cells. Hapten-specific tolerance was induced in adult B cells by nonimmunogenic dinitrophenylated carboxymethyl cellulose or methyl cellulose. Oxidation and subsequent reduction of the vicinal hydroxyl groups of both carriers aborgated tolerogenicity, although they remained nonimmunogenic. This chemical modification did not affect the carrier's molecular weight, and it did not reduce the binding avidity of their hapten derivatives to hapten-specific antibody or to antigen-binding B cells. The same experiments, when carried out in either neonatal mice or mice that had been lethally irradiated and given the above compounds during treatment with 13-day-old fetal liver cells, invariably yielded the same results. Like adult mice, these immunologically immature animals were capable of distinguishing between the tolerogenic and the nontolerogenic form of each antigen. It has also been shown (C. A. Waters et al., in preparation) that neonatally induced tolerance to TNP-HGG is irreversible, whereas tolerance to TNP-BSA is reversible by challenge with TNP-LPS. These results are in conflict with the clonal abortion hypothesis. PMID- 6982651 TI - [Hypoglossofacial anastomosis, results in 19 cases]. AB - Hypoglossofacial anastomoses was performed in 19 patients, in the majority of cases for tumors located in the pontocerebellar angle. Results were a total success in 16 cases, one patient has not been seen again, and operation had been performed too recently to assess results in two cases. Anastomosis was conducted during initial surgery in 12 cases, and at a later stage in the other 7. In one patient, anastomosis 3 years after facial paralysis following excision of an acoustic nerve neuroma resulted in satisfactory re-innervation of the face after 13 months. Results were not significantly different in 6 patients with an intramastoid anastomosis and in 13 where it was performed in the parotid region. In 11 cases, a classical anastomosis was performed, involving suture of the XIIth and VIIth nerve trunks (type I anastomosis). A more complex procedure in the remaining 8 cases involved separate anastomosis of the XIIth and facial nerve branches, with, in some patients, implantation of sternothyroid muscle fragments, supplied by the descending branch of XII, into the orbicularis muscle. Results were good using these modifications, but valid comparison with those following classical methods cannot be made at the present time. Technical features of the procedure employed are described. Hypoglossofacial anastomosis is currently the only method giving satisfactory constant results when end-to-end suturing of the facial nerve or a superficial cervival plexus graft is obligatory. PMID- 6982650 TI - [Evaluation of circulating T-lymphocytes in epithelial tumors of the ovary and during chemotherapy]. PMID- 6982652 TI - Harmonic acceleration tests as a measure of vestibular compensation. AB - The material presented in excerpted from patient evaluations. The study was performed with the use of the Contraves rotary chair. This testing modality was used at each patient visit. All other conventional auditory and ENG tests were also performed. These patients have been selected to illustrate the value of the harmonic acceleration (HA) test as a modality for monitoring patient progress. The HA graphs produced were a result of the presence or absence of central vestibular compensation. The findings on these investigations further confirm that HA test provide an objective monitor for vestibular abnormality. PMID- 6982653 TI - Comparison of vestibular subjective sensation and nystagmus responses during computerized harmonic acceleration tests. AB - A comparison was made between the phase of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) responses to sinusoidal rotatory tests and the phase of the subjective sensation (SS) to rotation. A parallelism was found between the results of both sets of data such that they behaved in accordance with the prediction of the pendulum model of vestibular function. The time constant of the VOR (17.5 seconds) was longer, however, than that of the SS (13 seconds). Measurements in patients with unilateral labyrinthine pathology also showed comparable changes in both responses. One group of patients with complete unilateral labyrinthine paralysis showed an advance of the phase of the VOR and of the SS. However, phase measurements in the group of patients with only partial unilateral labyrinthine paralysis were not significantly different statistically from those of normal subjects. PMID- 6982654 TI - Ct air-contrast scanning of the internal auditory canal. AB - Two hundred and four patients with audiometric and vestibular findings suggestive of a retrocochlear lesion were studied prospectively by computed tomographic scan with air contrast of the internal auditory canal. With this technique tumor limits are clearly defined. In the absence of disease the internal auditory canal has been completely air-filled in over 97% of cases. Soft tissue masses occluding the internal auditory canal were demonstrated in 11 patients. Four studies were inconclusive and there was one false positive. Headaches have been the only side effect and there have been no complications. In reporting their results the authors examined the indications, accuracy and limitations of this technique. This study demonstrates that computed tomographic scan with air contrast of the internal auditory canal should be considered as the radiologic procedure of choice for the evaluation of small acoustic tumors. PMID- 6982655 TI - Anatomic specificity of central vestibular signs in posterior fossa lesions. AB - The reliability of central vestibular signs such as decruitment in signifying retrolabyrinthine lesions has been well established. This study was initiated to determine if this and other central vestibular signs, individually or collectively, indicate involvement of specific anatomic structures in the posterior fossa. Forty-six patients with morphologic lesions defined by computerized tomography (CT), pneumo-CT autopsy were studied. Oculomotor signs showed a statistically significant correlation with lesions of the archicerebellum. The other central vestibular signs did not show any correlation. PMID- 6982656 TI - Oesophageal varices: evaluation of injection sclerotherapy without general anesthesia using the flexible fibreoptic gastroscope. AB - A technique of injecting oesophageal varices through a flexible fibreoptic gastroscopic is described and its value in controlling haemorrhage and eradicating varices in 34 patients is considered prospectively. Twenty-five per cent of the patients re-bled during the first emergency admission after injections, but control was achieved in all. Subsequent re-bleeding occurred in 46% and varices were ultimately eradicated in 59%. It ic concluded that the procedure is associated with fewer serious complications compared with rigid oesophagoscopic techniques and may be as effective. PMID- 6982658 TI - Asian karyotype (2n = 42) in the black rat (Rattus rattus) in Mexico. AB - A cytogenetic survey in 10 black rats (Rattus rattus), captured in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, revealed a 42 chromosomal complement (Asian type) in all of them. Polymorphism due to pericentric inversions of chromosomes 9, 11 and 13, as well as a homomorphic subtelocentric pair 1, permitted further karyotypic distinction. An Asian origin of this rat with a subsequent isolated evolution in Mexico is concluded. PMID- 6982657 TI - [Genetic of the 21 hydroxylase deficiency]. AB - A dose genetic linkage exist between the HLA complex (especially HLA-B), and the 21 hydroxylase deficiency form of adrenal hyperplasia. By their polymorphisms HLA antigens can be used as "markers" to follow the segregation of 21-OH deficiency in families, to diagnose the heterozygous offspring and eventually to offer a prenatal diagnosis to couples at risk. In late onset forms of 21-OH deficiency the same genetic linkage has been demonstrated with a high frequency of HLA-B14 antigen. PMID- 6982660 TI - Terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10 : q26 to qter. Case report and review of literature. AB - This communication describes the fourth known patient with a terminal long arm deletion of chromosome 10. The karyotype is : 46,XX,del(10)(q26). The clinical findings in the patient included intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, truncus arteriosus type 1, respiratory distress and craniofacial dysmorphism. Although review of the limited number of patients with a similar deletion reveals several common features, there is yet insufficient evidence to define a distinct 10q--syndrome. PMID- 6982659 TI - [Mechanism of duplication formation relating to a case of 10q22 to q25 duplication]. AB - A duplication 10q22q25 was studied in the fetus of a mother carrier of a t(14q21q). On this occasion, duplications reported in the literature are reviewed. Chromosomal rearrangements involving two breaks always result in tandem duplications, while three break- rearrangements result in tandem or mirror adjacent duplications, or in non adjacent direct or inverted duplications, or in direct or inverted autointerstitial duplications. PMID- 6982661 TI - 49,XXXXX syndrome. AB - A 3-year-old 49,XXXXX girl, the seventeenth case in medical literature, is described. A typical characteristic of the syndrome is the round face with epicanthal folds, hypertelorism, broad flat nasal bridge, upward slant of the palpebral fissures, enlarged round mandible and pointed chin, somewhat resembling trisomy 21. The apparent stronger selection against 49,XXXXX aneuploidy versus the 49,XXXXY suggested by the much higher frequency of the latter is probably due to the more severe congenital cardiopathy which may be related to the number of inactivated X chromosomes. PMID- 6982662 TI - [X chromosome fragility and effects of trimethoprim]. AB - Severe clinical regression was observed in a patient carrier of a fragile X after treatment trimethoprime. This prompted us to examine the effect of this antibiotic in lymphocyte cultures: a dose ranging from 13 mg/l to 53 mg/l increases considerably the frequency of the Xq27 gap in four fragile-X patients; a dose of 13 mg/l allows a normal growth, without appearance of the Xq27 gap, in 19 normal, non-carrier subjects; a dose of 82 mg/l totally inhibits cell division in 10 normal, non carrier subjects. The reversibility of the blockade was demonstrated, either by washing out the trimethoprime before the 50th hour of incubation or by adding 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (0.125 mg/l). It is concluded that one of the steps of monocarbon metabolism is inhibited by trimethoprime. This antibiotic, which must be avoided when treating patients carrier of the fragile X can be utilized in vitro for cytogenetic investigations. PMID- 6982664 TI - A 1q42 deletion in a Vietnamese infant. PMID- 6982663 TI - Further exclusions by deletion mapping. AB - Exclusions for unassigned markers were determined by deletion mapping at the following segments: (4)(p15.1 leads to 16.1) - F13A" F13B, TF; (4)(q27 leads to 31) - TF; (9)(p22 leads to pter) - F13B; (12)(p12) - TF; (12)(pter) - TF; (18)(q22) - F13A, K and LU; (19)(p or qter) - TF; (22)(pter leads to q11) - F13B. GC was excluded from (4)(p15.1 leads to 16.1) and (4)(q27 leads to 31). GALT was excluded from (9)(p22 leads to pter). PMID- 6982665 TI - Partial monosomy of chromosome 2. Delineable syndrome of deletion 2 (q23-q31). AB - A malformed, severely retarded 20-year-old female is reported with deletion 2 (q23-q34) in mosaic. The clinical features are compared with those of other reported cases presenting partial monosomy 2q at the segment q23-q31. The stigmata are not very characteristic although a large constellation of features is in common and a definition of a partial monosomy 2 (q23-q31) syndrome seems possible. The features are: poor neurologic development and unresponsiveness to stimulation, growth and mental retardation, low set ears, antimongolian slant, ptosis, cataracts, median cleft of soft palate, severe scoliosis, flexion deformity of fingers, cleft between II and III toes, cardial defect. PMID- 6982666 TI - Terminal long arm deletion of chromosome 7 and retino-choroidal coloboma. AB - This communication describes a 7-year-old male with growth and psychomotor retardation and dysmorphic features who has a small terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7. The proband, in addition, had bilateral coloboma of the retina and choroidea which was not reported previously in patients with this rare chromosomal deletion syndrome. Our finding and available data in the literature on the association of the coloboma of the eyes with various chromosomal abnormalities points out the importance of karyotype studies in such patients, especially in the presence of concomitant extraocular findings. PMID- 6982668 TI - [A new case of ring chromosome 9]. PMID- 6982670 TI - Partial trisomy 13 due to maternal translocation t(7;13)(p22q14). AB - The third child of a mother with a balanced translocation (7;13) revealed a partial trisomy of chromosome 13. The cytogenetic study by conventional techniques and GTG, QFQ, THA and CBG banding techniques showed the chromosomal complement of the proposita to be 46,XX,-7,+t(7;13)(7qter leads to 7p22::13q14 leads to 13qter). A prominent intensely fluorescent satellite was observed on the 13q- of the patient's grand-mother. This satellite was not found on any chromosome in any other member of the family. PMID- 6982671 TI - Ring chromosome 14 syndrome. AB - A ring chromosome 14 with breakpoints at 14p11 and 14q31 and positive C- and Ag NOR-banding is reported in a 12.5 years old deeply mentally retarded female with minor dysmorphic syndrome. PMID- 6982669 TI - [Ring chromosome 10: 46,XX,r(10)(p15q26)]. AB - A teenage girl with growth and mental retardation, urinary tract and eye abnormalities was found to have an r(10)(p15q26) in blood cells. Quantitative evaluation of seven red cell enzymes including three (HK1, TGOS, PGAMA) known to be on chromosome 10, gave normal values. PMID- 6982667 TI - 8p trisomy in a malformed foetus. AB - A 20-week-old foetus with 8p trisomy, as the unbalanced product of a maternal 7q/8p translocation (karyotype: 46,XX,t(7;8)(q34,p12) is reported. Internal malformations include agenesis of the gall-bladder, left heart hypoplasia and pancreas annulare. Moreover, histologic examination revealed a "neuroblastoma in situ". The possible etiologic relationship between the neuroblastoma and the chromosomal abnormality is briefly discussed. PMID- 6982672 TI - The elfin face syndrome and the short arm of chromosome 15. PMID- 6982673 TI - [Prader-Willi syndrome and translocation 15/15]. PMID- 6982674 TI - Recombinant chromosome 18 in two offspring of a chromosome 18 inversion heterozygote. AB - A case of partial trisomy of chromosome 18 due to a recombinant pericentric inversion is described. Prenatal diagnosis in a subsequent pregnancy identified a foetus with the recombinant chromosome 18, and the pregnancy was terminated. A comparison is made between the risks reported in the relevant literature where recombinant offspring have resulted from chromosome 18 inversion heterozygotes and those observed in this case. PMID- 6982676 TI - A study of some genetic markers among Ramgarhias, an artisan caste of Punjab. AB - 156 males and 63 females belonging to the Ramgarhia community, an endogamous group of Punjab, were taken for the study of genetical markers like taste ability to PTC, mid digital hair and colourblindness, whereas 75 (50 males and 25 females) were tested for serum proteins. 71.70% males and 73.85% females were found to be tasters. The mid digital hair was absent in 67.34% of females and 64.74% of males. No female was found to be colourblind, however, 4.48% males were found having defective colourvision. The phenotypic frequencies of Hp 2--2, Hp 2- 1 and Hp 1--1 were found to be 64.00%, 32.00% and 4.00%, respectively. No variant of transferrins and albumin was found. PMID- 6982677 TI - [Role of p-aminobenzoic acid in levorin biosynthesis]. AB - The effect of p-aminobenzoic acid on the biosynthesis of levorin was studied. It was shown that in the presence of exogenic p-aminobenzoic acid the antibiotic activity increased by 11 per cent. The acid added was transformed into p aminoacetophenone which was partially used for levorin synthesis and partially accumulated in the mycelium in a free state. In this case the synthesis of levorin was limited by the metabolites forming the macrolide ring. When the precursors of the macrolide ring and the aromatic group were simultaneously added to the medium, the content of free p-aminoacetophenone in the mycelium decreased while the antibiotic activity increased by 25 per cent. PMID- 6982675 TI - A survey of ventilatory capacity in Chinese subjects in Hong Kong. AB - A survey of three indices of ventilatory capacity (forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1; forced vital capacity, FVC; and peak expiratory flow rate, PEFR) was carried out on 3490 Chinese inhabitants of Hong Kong aged between 5 and 97 years. The results are compared with those of previous surveys of ventilatory capacity in a variety of ethnic groups. Our results confirm previous findings that the indices FEV1 and FVC are proportional to the square of the height of the subject, but we have found that PEFR is proportional to height itself. Using the indices FEV1/height2, and PEFR/height we have derived regression equations which may be used to predict normal values of the ventilatory indices for both adults and children. An interesting observation in this cross-sectional survey was that although all ventilatory indices were adversely affected by smoking, the rates of decline of these indices with age were not accelerated in smokers compared with non-smokers, in contrast to the findings of previous surveys on European populations. PMID- 6982678 TI - Comparative effects of 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine, its 2'-deoxyriboside derivative, and allopurinol on in vitro growth of American Leishmania species. AB - When assayed on promastigotes of 10 American Leishmania isolates (including Leishmania brasiliensis and mexicana species), 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine (AAP) was severalfold more active than allopurinol as a leishmanistatic drug. There were some intraspecific and interspecific differences among the isolates in their susceptibility to the inhibitory effects of APP and allopurinol. APP-2' deoxyriboside did not affect the 10 isolates tested. This was surprising, because allopurinol riboside has previously been shown to be more active than allopurinol. In all of the American Leishmania isolates tested, the metabolism of [14C]6-APP resulted in a high level of HPP-ribose-5'-P and lower levels of APP ribose-5'-P, APP-ribose-5'-PP, and APP-ribose-5'-PPP. MP, LR, LBY, and JAP isolates strongly converted APP into APP derivatives, thus perhaps explaining their greater susceptibility to the inhibitory effects of APP. With the 10 American Leishmania isolates tested, several purines reversed the inhibitory effects of allopurinol, but only adenine countered the inhibitory effects of APP. This suggests biochemical differences in the mechanisms of action of allopurinol and APP. Finally, and contrary to previous claims, the reversal by purines of the allopurinol-induced growth inhibition was not a Leishmania species-specific effect. PMID- 6982679 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and urethral staphylococci. AB - The activity of eight antimicrobial agents was determined against 115 isolates of Staphylococcus saprophyticus. All were susceptible to ampicillin, cephalexin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and resistant to nalidixic acid and novobiocin. A bimodal pattern of susceptibility to erythromycin was observed: 80% were inhibited by 0.25 microgram/ml, whereas 13% required greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml. The following urethral staphylococci were susceptible to ampicillin, cephalexin, and nitrofurantoin but resistant to nalidixic acid: S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. haemolyticus, S. warneri, S. simulans, and S. cohnii. PMID- 6982681 TI - Antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of temocillin. AB - Temocillin, a 6-alpha-methoxy penicillin, inhibited 90% of strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter, Proteus, Providencia, Salmonella, and Shigella at a concentration of less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoea were inhibited by less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. Changing the medium or pH of the cultures did not alter the minimal inhibitory concentrations, which were similar in broth and human serum, as were the minimal bactericidal concentrations. An increase in inoculum size from 10(5) to 10(7) colony-forming units increased concentration required for inhibition. Temocillin inhibited strains resistant to ampicillin, ticarcillin, cefazolin, cefamandole, and cefoxitin. Most Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and other Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. were resistant, as were gram-positive organisms. Temocillin was not hydrolyzed by the common plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases but inhibited them. The resistance of certain gram negative bacilli to temocillin seemed to be a result of failure of the molecule to enter through the cell wall, since combination of temocillin with EDTA made Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter strains susceptible to low concentrations of the compound. PMID- 6982680 TI - Interaction of azthreonam and related monobactams with beta-lactamases from gram negative bacteria. AB - Monobactams containing 3 beta-aminothiazolyl oxime side chains (SQ 81,377, SQ 81,402, azthreonam, and SQ 26,917) have poor affinities for the broad-spectrum beta-lactamases TEM-2 and K1. Addition of a 4-methyl substituent significantly increased stability to hydrolysis by these enzymes. P99 cephalosporinase from Enterobacter cloacae was strongly inhibited by the monobactams. Interaction of azthreonam with the P99 enzyme in equimolar concentrations resulted in a single covalent complex which retained less than 3% catalytic activity. On incubation, enzymatic activity was slowly regained. Chromatographic studies of the incubation mixtures revealed the presence of a single ring-opened product. It is concluded that monobactams act as poor substrates for broad-spectrum beta-lactamases and tight-binding competitive substrates for the P99 beta-lactamase. PMID- 6982682 TI - Mutation frequency of Haemophilus influenzae to rifampin resistance. AB - Twenty-two susceptible strains of Haemophilus influenzae were examined for mutation to rifampin resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration, greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml). All strains had detectable apparent mutation frequencies with a median minimal inhibitory concentration 2,000-fold greater than that of their wild-type parents. Of the type b strain mutants, 80% (8 of 10) expressed high-level resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration, 750 micrograms/ml) that was 75-fold greater than readily achievable serum concentrations. PMID- 6982683 TI - Tuberculosis in children in a national survey of notifications in England and Wales, 1978-79. Report from the Medical Research Council Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Unit. PMID- 6982686 TI - Return to work after coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 6982684 TI - [Diagnosis value of synovium electron microscopy study in inflammatory and metabolic rheumatism]. PMID- 6982685 TI - Profit and loss in coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6982687 TI - The rehabilitation of coronary surgical patients. AB - Coronary revascularization has been reported to have failed to effectively rehabilitate working-age patients. This study of 565 patients demonstrates that motivation to return to work is strongly influences by age and educational level. Patients under age 55 are more likely to return to work than are patients over that age, but preoperative job classification does not influence rehabilitation. Although preoperative disability was associated with a slightly lower return-to work rate (90%) than was the case with patients working preoperatively (97%) preoperative retirement was a strongly negative influence on rehabilitation. In this study, 80% of the patients worked to or beyond retirement age, and duration of work was not influenced by preoperative disability. The salary produced by those patients who were rehabilitated by surgery was four and a half times greater than the total cost of care and disability payments for the entire patient population. The factors which seemed to be the most important in effective rehabilitation were the psychological preparation of patients and their families and the attitude toward rehabilitation expressed by physicians and employers. PMID- 6982688 TI - Unstable angina pectoris: comparison with the National Cooperative Study. AB - Seventy-eight patients having prolonged pain (greater than 20 minutes) with transient S-T segment and T-wave changes and coronary artery bypass were compared to 288 patients previously reported in the National Cooperative Study on the treatment of unstable angina pectoris. Clinical characteristics observed in the present study that differed from those of the National Cooperative Study included a more chronic anginal pattern, slightly older age, greater number of women, and higher incidence of prior myocardial infarction. The severity of vessel disease was the same for both groups. Left ventricular function was slightly better in the present series. The incidence of perioperative infarction in the present series (3.8%) was significantly less than that for surgical patients reported in the National Cooperative Study (17%). Hospital mortality was also less: 1.2% versus 2.0 and 3.0% for the medical and surgical patients, respectively, in the National Cooperative Study. Late myocardial infarction was 11% and 13% at 30 months for medical and surgical patients in the National Cooperative Study, and only 3% at 43 months in the present surgical series. Actuarial survival for the entire patient population was 95% at 42 months. The reduced hospital mortality and perioperative infarction rates were attributed to immediate operation once acute myocardial infarction has been ruled out, advances in surgical and anesthetic technique, selection of patients with preserved left ventricular function, and a trend toward complete revascularization. PMID- 6982689 TI - Arrhythmia prophylaxis using propranolol after coronary artery surgery. AB - Sixty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting operations with cold potassium cardioplegia as the method of myocardial preservation either received low-dose oral propranolol (10 mg every 6 hours; 28 patients) or served as controls (32 patients). The study period began after extubation and ended at the time of hospital discharge. On the fourth postoperative day, 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed to assess additional subtle differences in arrhythmias. The overall incidence of symptomatic postoperative arrhythmias was 31% in the control group: 6 patients (19%) had atrial fibrillation or flutter and 4 patients (12%), ventricular arrhythmias. By contrast, 1 patient (4%) in the propranolol group had atrial fibrillation, and no patient had ventricular arrhythmias. The difference in overall arrhythmia rates between the two groups is significant (p less than 0.025). Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring demonstrated no additional differences in the frequency of simple or complex atrial or ventricular ectopy between the two groups. We conclude that the incidence of postoperative arrhythmias following coronary artery bypass operation is diminished by the oral administration of prophylactic low-dose propranolol. When compared with our previous study [1], in which the method of myocardial preservation was intermittent aortic cross-clamping and moderate hypothermia, there is no difference in the overall incidence of postoperative arrhythmias. PMID- 6982690 TI - Mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 6982692 TI - Coronary artery bypass in women: long-term survival. AB - During a 6-year period ending December, 1976, 385 female patients underwent coronary artery bypass at the Mid-America Heart Institute. This group constituted 14.6% of the total experience. The operative (thirty day) mortality was 1.3%, which is not significantly greater than that experienced by male patients operated on concurrently. A total follow-up of 2,015 patient-years was obtained. The incidence of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction was 2.0 per 100 patient years of follow-up, and the incidence of repeat coronary artery bypass was 0.8 per 100 patient-years. The actuarial survival was 90% at 5 years and 75.3% at 10 years. Of the 46 deaths (early or late), 58.7% were cardiac in nature. Although the absolute survival of women is as good as that observed in men, the female patients did not achieve the expected survival pattern of a matched (for age and sex) general population as is observed in our male patients undergoing coronary artery bypass. These results obtained with coronary artery bypass justify the use of similar criteria for the application of this therapy in men and women. PMID- 6982693 TI - On the application of systems analysis to neurophysiological problems. AB - In this essay we have presented some personal viewpoints on the application of Systems. Analysis to suitable neurophysiological problems and provided reasoned reviews on selected topics (receptor and nerve cell physiology, motor control, vestibular and visual systems) in which new data and ideas were brought about in the past several years by the use of Systems Analysis. Since the nature of the paper precludes the possibility of writing a summary, we simply thank those readers who have endured up to this point. As for those prudent persons who are beginning from this summary, before deciding as to the advisability of taking-up the task, we have a simple advice which runs contrary to the rule stated by the King to Alice in Wonderland (and accepted by one of us; see p. 60): begin from the topic that you like most and eventually go on, using the same criteria, till you are tired: then stop. PMID- 6982691 TI - Determinants of operative survival following combined mitral valve replacement and coronary revascularization. AB - To determine the operative survival rate following combined mitral valve replacement (MVR) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation, we evaluated 100 patients, who were seen consecutively at the Peter Bent Brigham and Brigham and Women's Hospital from 1972 to 1982. There were 63 men and 37 women; the mean age was 62 years. Thirty-six patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III, and 64 were in functional Class IV. Mitral regurgitation was predominant in 76 patients; mitral stenosis, in 24. Emergency operations were performed in 15 patients, and elective or semielective operations were performed in 85. There were 18 operative deaths (18%): 9 in patients having elective operations (10.5%) and 9 in those having emergency operations (60%; p less than 0.01). Significant preoperative factors related to operative death were NYHA functional class, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, lower cardiac index, and lower ejection fraction in the nonsurvivors. The rate of survival did not differ according to sex, age, or degree of coronary artery disease. In addition, myocardial protection with potassium cardioplegia and complete coronary revascularization significantly reduced operative mortality in the elective group of patients but did not alter the mortality in the emergency group. PMID- 6982694 TI - Brain work: function, metabolism and blood flow. AB - The "brain work" is characterized by an input which is the processing of sensory information and by an output consisting in the production of ideo-motor activities. This work is performed through electrochemical mechanisms. These biologic mechanisms are strictly dependent on the continuous arrival at regional level of sufficient amounts of glucose and oxygen through blood flow. In fact the regional level of function determines the amount of blood flow and therefore of substrates to that region. This close relationship, function-blood flow metabolism, permits the study of the cerebral function at any of these three levels. Neurophysiologists recording neuronal firing and clinicians assessing regional levels of blood flow and metabolism activities are seeing very specular aspects of cerebral physiology. The application to the human being of the techniques for regional quantitation of blood flow and of glucose (or oxygen) consumption offers to physiologists and clinicians a new possibility for understanding cerebral functioning both in health and disease. PMID- 6982695 TI - [Social and medical assistance for drug addicts]. PMID- 6982696 TI - Six-year follow-up of opioid addicts after admission to treatment. AB - Long-term behavioral outcome status of 990 daily opioid users, recorded in follow up interviews about six years after admission to community-based treatment programs, was classified in terms of longitudinal patterns of opioid use. Sixty one percent of these individuals had achieved abstinence from opioid drugs for a year or longer immediately before the follow-up interview. Compared with those who continued heavy opioid drug use, and with others who had problems with nonopioid drugs or alcohol over time, persons who achieved abstinence also had significantly better long-term outcomes on criminality, use of nonopioid drugs and alcohol, and productive activities. Except for criminal history, outcome status was generally unrelated to client demographic and background predictors, but behavioral improvements over time were strongly associated with participation in drug abuse treatment. PMID- 6982698 TI - Coronary artery bypass after recent myocardial infarction. AB - During a five-year period, 280 patients underwent myocardial revascularization within 60 days of having suffered an acute myocardial infarction. Eighty-six percent of them had angina. Twelve patients had calculated ejection fractions of less than 20%; 79, 21% to 40%; and 105, from 41% to 60%. Ten patients had one graft; 33, two; 74, three; and 163, four or more. Twenty-four patients had concomitant ventricular aneurysm repair. The intra-aortic balloon pump was used in only seven patients. There was one postoperative death secondary to respiratory insufficiency and sepsis, resulting in a hospital mortality of 0.4%. Myocardial revascularization is a safe procedure following recent myocardial infarction, with results comparable to elective revascularization. Our long-term results suggest that revascularization may decrease the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction. PMID- 6982697 TI - Bladder retraining device for handicapped persons. PMID- 6982699 TI - Cirrhosis associated with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6982701 TI - The early psychophysical disturbances in chronic open-angle glaucoma. A study of visual functions with asymmetric disc cupping. AB - Fourteen patients with elevated intraocular pressures, normal visual fields, and asymmetry of disc cupping were examined using a number of psychophysical tests. The results suggest that color vision and visually evoked potentials show early disturbances, but a contraction of the visual field is variable. PMID- 6982700 TI - Conjunctival immunopathologic and ultrastructural alterations. Occurrence in Reiter's syndrome. AB - Immunoprotein deposition has been demonstrated in the synovium of patients with Reiter's syndrome. Because of this fact and the controversy regarding the nature and cause of the conjunctivitis in Reiter's syndrome, conjunctival biopsy specimens were taken from eight patients with classic Reiter's syndrome. These specimens were examined histopathologically, immunopathologically, and ultrastructurally. Our findings indicated that perivasculitis and vasculitis were present, preponderantly with elements of the cell mediated immune system. Genetically susceptible persons (namely, those with positive HLA-B27 antigen) exposed to an agent (Shigella or Chlamydia) may trigger an immune response in which vasculitis and perivasculitis plays a predominant role. PMID- 6982702 TI - Non-specific factors can induce s-IgD on the intermediate, "pre-progenitor" B cells that give adoptive primary responses. AB - The intermediate or "pre-progenitor" B-cell subpopulation giving primary adoptive responses has been found by this laboratory to be s-IgD-, whereas other laboratories have reported the progenitors of primary adoptive responses to be s IgD+. This difference appears to depend on the recent history of environmental stimuli received by the mice. Deliberate administration of a complex non-specific stimulus, designed to mimic the effects of infection or certain types of experimental manipulation, shifted "pre-progenitor" activity from the s-IgD- compartment to the s-IgD+ compartment within 24 h. Neither horse erythrocytes (HRC) nor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone produced a reproducible effect, but the combination of HRC with low doses of LPS produced a marked shift to s-IgD+ activity. Some earlier experiments from this laboratory suggesting a striking effect with HRC alone probably resulted from suspension of HRC in saline contaminated by LPS-like material. Priming with HRC alone, under conditions which did not induce s-IgD, nevertheless stimulated the "pre-progenitors" to enter cell cycle. Three conclusions are drawn: (1) The stimulus for induction of s-IgD is not identical with the non-specific stimulus which selectively induces cell division in this intermediate B-cell subset; (2) the presence of IgD on the surface per se does not prevent the non-specific activation of these cells into division; (3) the absence of s-IgD is only a useful marker of the "pre progenitor" subset if the mice are maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions and exogenous stimuli are controlled. PMID- 6982703 TI - Serum pancreatic enzyme levels in cystic fibrosis heterozygotes after secretin and cholecystokinin infusion. PMID- 6982704 TI - Rectal bleeding in a baby of three months. PMID- 6982705 TI - Rosette forming T-lymphocyte levels in the peripheral blood of cattle affected with squamous cell carcinoma of horn. AB - The level of thymus-derived lymphocytes was assessed by determining the per cent of cells which formed non-immune rosettes with 2-Aminoethyl isothiouronium bromide treated sheep erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of 20 (14 bullocks and 6 cows) histopathologically confirmed cases of bovine squamous cell carcinoma of horn (horn cancer) and an equal number of age-matched control animals. A significantly marked (P less than 0.01) depression in the per cent erythrocyte rosette forming cell count was observed in horn cancer affected bullocks and cows as compared to the values in unaffected control animals. The decrease in the level of these cells was comparatively more marked in animals which were clinically in advanced stages of the disease. PMID- 6982706 TI - Antigenic types of various human lymphoblastoid cell interferons. AB - There are two antigenic types of human virus-induced interferon (IFN): human leukocyte IFN (Hu IFN-alpha) and human fibroblast IFN (Hu IFN-beta). Production of IFNs in various human T, B and non-T non-B lymphoblastoid cell lines were induced with Sendai virus and the antigenic types of these IFNs were determined. All the IFNs produced in human T lymphoblastoid cell lines (RPMI 8402, Peer, JM and CCRF-CEM cells) were antigenically identical to Hu IFN-beta. On the other hand, the antigenic type of IFN produced in human B lymphoblastoid cell lines was different in each cell line. IFNs produced in BALL-1 and RPMI 6410 cells were Hu IFN-alpha, but IFN produced in B35M cell was Hu IFN-beta. IFNs produced in DG-75 and ARH-77 cells consisted of both Hu IFN-alpha and Hu IFN-beta. IFNs produced in non-T non-B lymphoblastoid cell lines (NALM-16 and U-937 cells) also consisted of Hu IFN-alpha and Hu IFN-beta. Thus the antigenic types of IFNs produced in human lymphoblastoid cells reflect certain characteristics of the producer cells. The factors that determine which antigenic type of IFN is produced have not yet been clarified. PMID- 6982707 TI - Formation of complement subcomponent C1q-immunoglobulin G complex. Thermodynamic and chemical-modification studies. AB - The interaction between the complement subcomponent C1q and immunoglobulin G was investigated under a variety of experimental conditions. Formation of the subcomponent C1q--immunoglobulin G complex was shown to be an equilibrium process. Thermodynamic studies of the effect of varying the ionic strength indicate that over the salt range 0.15--0.225 M-NaCl the binding of subcomponent C1q to immunoglobulin aggregates releases 9--12 salt ions (Na+ and/or Cl-), illustrating the importance of ionic interactions for the formation of the complex. The effects of small peptide and organic ion inhibitors support this conclusion. Chemical modifications of carboxylate residues on immunoglobulin G by glycine ethyl ester/water-soluble carbodi-imide (up to 12 residues modified per whole molecule of immunoglobulin G) and of lysine residues by acetic anhydride (3 residues per whole molecule of immunoglobulin G) or methyl acetimidate (19 residues per whole molecule of immunoglobulin G) lowered the binding affinity of immunoglobulin for subcomponent C1q. Modification of arginine residues by cyclohexane-1,2-dione-1,2 (14 residues per whole molecule of immunoglobulin G) and of tryptophan by hydroxynitrobenzyl bromide (2 residues per whole molecule of immunoglobulin G), however, had little or no effect. The results are consistent with the proposal that the subcomponent-C1q-binding site on immunoglobulin G is to be found on the last two beta-strands of the Cv2 domain [Burton, Boyd, Brampton, Easterbrook-Smith, Emanuel, Novotny, Rademacher, van Schravendijk, Sternberg & Dwek (1980) Nature (London) 288, 338--344]. PMID- 6982709 TI - Identification of an epidermal growth factor-related transforming growth factor from rat fetuses. PMID- 6982708 TI - The interaction of anthraquinone dyes with the plasmid-mediated OXA-2 beta lactamase. AB - Although beta-lactamases do not require any nucleotide co-substrates, the OXA-2 type is inhibited competitively by Cibacron Blue 3GA, and by other anthraquinone dyes, including some simpler compounds with no side chain. The enzyme causes a red shift in the spectrum of Cibacron Blue. The beta-lactamase can be adsorbed in Blue Sepharose and specifically eluted by benzylpenicillin. These results indicate that the binding of anthraquinone dyes is a specific effect similar to that seen with many nucleotide-binding enzymes. PMID- 6982710 TI - Study of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induced alterations in the metabolism of [3H]25 hydroxyvitamin D3 using isolated perfused kidneys from D-sufficient rats. PMID- 6982711 TI - Vanadyl (IV) ion dependent enhancement of oxygen binding to hemoglobin and myoglobin. PMID- 6982712 TI - The binding of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase to actin. PMID- 6982713 TI - Pyrrolopyrimidine lethality in relation to ribonucleic acid synthesis in sarcoma 180 cells in vitro. PMID- 6982714 TI - Circulating immune complexes in eosinophilic fasciitis. AB - Serum immune complexes were measured in 22 patients with eosinophilic fasciitis, 8 of whom had serial determinations. Elevated levels were found by Raji cell radioimmunoassay in 14 (64%) patients, by agarose gel electrophoresis in 13 (59%), and by C1q agglutination-inhibition in 9 (41%). Elevated levels by Raji cell assay were present more frequently at times of active disease [17 of 22 sera (77%)] than at times of inactive disease [2 of 24 (8%) (P less than 0.0005)] and were more closely correlated with disease activity than were eosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinemia, or increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. PMID- 6982715 TI - Experimental hydroxyapatite synovial and articular cartilage calcification: light and electron microscopic studies. AB - Intraarticular calciphylaxis with cartilage and synovial calcification was produced in rabbits by oral administration of a single dose of dehydrotachysterol followed by an intraarticular injection of ferrous chloride. Synovial membrane apatite deposits were seen in the interstitium, on collagen fibers, and within cell vacuoles. In contrast, long-term administration of dehydrotachysterol alone induced only articular cartilage calcification. Such calcification was limited to the mid and deep zone of cartilage. Most calcium deposits were apatite-like crystals. Acute crystal-associated inflammation was not demonstrated in these specimens with crystals sequestered in synovial or cartilage tissue. Further studies on these models will examine the relation of apatite to joint disease. PMID- 6982717 TI - Prolonged lifespans in female NZB/NZW mice treated with the experimental immunoregulatory drug frentizole. AB - Autoimmune female New Zealand Black/New Zealand White mice were treated with frentizole, an experimental immunosuppressive drug. Three groups of "young," 8 week-old mice received high-dose frentizole (80-84 mg/kg/day), low-dose frentizole (8 mg/kg/day), or no drug (controls); these mice were followed until spontaneous death. Three groups of "old," 24-week-old mice with established lupus like disease were treated with high or low doses of frentizole. Old control mice received no drug. After 12 weeks of therapy, surviving old mice were killed. Beneficial therapeutic response was achieved when high-dose treatment was started at an early age; antiDNA values were suppressed, and longevity was prolonged significantly. Frentizole did not arrest the progression of renal disease in old mice. Glomerulonephritis and vasculitis were the most common causes of death in young and old animals. Twenty-nine percent of young, high-dose-treated mice died with neoplasms. Large glomerular deposits of IgG, IgM, and C3 were present in renal tissue from treated and control mice. Peripheral lymphocyte counts and mitogenic responses of spleen cells were not changed by treatment. The efficacy of frentizole in a murine model of lupus supports its usefulness as an immunoregulatory drug. PMID- 6982718 TI - IgM and IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Radioimmunoassays for anti-F(ab')2 antibodies, which feature the use of goat anti human Fc antibody for correcting potentiation of IgM anti-F(ab')2 antibody titers by endogenous IgM anti-Fc antibodies (rheumatoid factors), are described. Individuals with classic rheumatoid arthritis had significantly more IgM anti F(ab')2 antibody (P less than 0.001) and IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibody (P = 0.05) than did individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus or normal volunteers. There is some similarity in patterns of isotype distribution of anti-F(ab')2 antibodies and rheumatoid factors. PMID- 6982716 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with Sjogren's syndrome: evidence for circulating and tissue-deposited Ro/anti-Ro immune complexes. PMID- 6982720 TI - [Positron emission tomography]. PMID- 6982721 TI - [The clinical application of positron emission tomography]. PMID- 6982719 TI - [Determination of various fractions of complement (Cl, C3c, C3a, C4) in a population of healthy neonates]. AB - The authors have studied plasma levels of various complement fractions (C1,C3c,C3att.,C4) in 127 newborns. Referring to gestation period the studied subjects were divided as follows: 25 newborns (less than 37 weeks), 78 newborns (37-41 weeks), 21 newborns (more then 41 weeks). The mean values of various fractions results higher in the newborns with higher gestation period. Considering the gestational ages, the mean values obtained for each complement fraction are not different from those considered "normals". The range of single value turned out very wide. This fact should lead to prudence in the diagnostic valuation. PMID- 6982723 TI - Surface receptors of epidermal Langerhans cells. PMID- 6982722 TI - Androgen receptors in human skin cytosol: physiological and pathological variations. PMID- 6982724 TI - Natural killer (NK) cell sensitivity of phorbol ester-differentiated tumour cells correlates with disease activity in chronic B-lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - In a prospective study, 16 patients with chronic B-lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were repeatedly investigated for clinical and laboratory signs of disease activity during a period of 18 months. The leukaemic cells were induced to differentiate in vitro using a phorbol ester, TPA. Two differentiation-associated properties of the tumour cells, i.e. the amount of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (C IgM) and the increased sensitivity to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells, were expressed in parallel and both parameters were positively correlated with the clinical activity of leukaemia. Phorbol ester-induced phenotypic changes of the leukaemic cells may therefore be used for the in vitro monitoring of disease activity in CLL. The present markers may, in addition, be useful in molecular analysis of B cell differentiation. PMID- 6982725 TI - The effects of chemical cross-linking agents on calcium-induced structural changes in skinned muscle fibers. Origin within thick filaments detected by optical diffraction methods. AB - We have reported earlier (Sabbadini, R.A., Rieser, G.D. and Paolini, P.J. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 578, 526-533) that physiological levels of calcium (pCa 6.95-5.49) can produce structural changes in thick filaments which are detectable as an intensity loss of the first-order optical diffraction lines from chemically skinned skeletal muscle fibers stretched beyond myofilament overlap. We now show that the calcium-induced intensity decrease results from structural changes within, rather than between, thick filaments. Glycerinated, detergent-treated fibers from frog semitendinosus muscle were incubated in 1-10 mM concentrations of dimethylsuberimidate (DMS), dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate) (DTSP) or dimethyl-3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP) for 4 h. These substances are homobifunctional lysine-modifying cross-linking reagents known to restrict movement of S-1 heads and limit changes in the association of myosin rods within the core of the thick filament without affecting interfilament lattice spacing. Diffraction patterns from cross-linked cells in relaxing solution were identical to those in control cells, but Ca2+ (pCa 5.49) totally failed to produce the typical 50-70% attenuation of first-order line intensity. Cleavage of the disulfide bond in DTBP-treated cells with dithiothreitol fully restored the Ca2+ sensitivity. Lysine group modification with methylacetimidate, a monofunctional lysine modification reagent equivalent to DMS, did not block the Ca2+ sensitivity. We observed that intensity reductions can also be produced by numerous other agents and mechanisms, such as nonionic polymeric solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone, which reduces the lattice spacing, and alkaline pH, which probably displaces the S-1 heads from a resting position close to the thick filament surface. However, the prevention of the Ca2+ effect by cross-linkers indicates that intrafilament rather than interfilament changes in structure are responsible for the light diffraction intensity decrease accompanying activation. PMID- 6982726 TI - A study on the exchange rate of magnesium with ATP. AB - The exchange process of Mg2+ with ATP was found to be, in many cases, dominated by Mg2+ exchange between ATP and ATP-Mg (a bimolecular reaction) rather than the Mg2+ off-process from ATP-Mg to solution (a unimolecular reaction). The Mg2+ off rate from ATP-Mg and the rate constant of the bimolecular reaction were determined at 10 and 25 degrees C at pH 7.3, using 31P-NMR at 145.7 MHz. At this resonance frequency intermediate to slow exchange phenomena with respect to the NMR time scale of 2.5 . 10(3) s-1 were observed in ATP resonances. Various implications of these results to studies of biological systems have been pointed out. PMID- 6982727 TI - Liposome-mediated DNA transfer in eukaryotic cells. Dependence of the transfer efficiency upon the type of liposomes used and the host cell cycle stage. AB - The pBR322 plasmid containing the sequence encoding beta-lactamase, the enzyme conferring resistance to ampicillin, was encapsulated in liposomes of different phospholipid composition and incubated with synchronized cells. In mitotic cells as compared to cells synchronized in G1, twice as many exogeneous DNA molecules were found associated with the cell nuclear DNA, when fluid, neutral liposomes were used. These liposomes are taken up by the cells mainly via endocytosis. When fluid, negatively charged liposomes were used as carriers about the same number of exogenous DNA molecules were found associated with the nuclear DNA both in mitotic and in G1-synchronized cells. The efficiency for gene transfer of liposomes entering the cells by different mechanisms was further studied and expressed both by the fraction of the radioactive plasmid associated with the nuclear DNA and by the level of the beta-lactamase activity detected in the transfected cells. It appears that liposomes entering the cells mainly via an energy-dependent mechanisms are more efficient for this type of DNA transfer. PMID- 6982728 TI - Inhibitory effects of bilirubin and photobilirubin on neonatal and adult T lymphocytes and granulocytes. AB - The lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin of lymphocytes and spontaneous motility, chemotaxis and phagocytic activity of granulocytes were studied in the newborn and adult blood in the presence of bilirubin and photobilirubin. All of these activities were inhibited to the same extent by these substances. In addition, a significant difference between newborn and adult values was found. In conclusion, the authors suggest that phototherapy does not decrease bilirubin cellular toxicity. PMID- 6982729 TI - An analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6982730 TI - The frog neuron Nissl substance, nucleus, and nucleolus after intravenous injection of lysergic acid diethylamide. PMID- 6982731 TI - Environmental effects on animals used in biomedical research. PMID- 6982732 TI - Transverse impedance of single frog skeletal muscle fibers. AB - The transverse electrical impedance of single frog skeletal muscle fibers was measured at 31 frequencies that ranged from 1 to 100,000 Hz. Each fiber was bathed entirely in Ringer's solution, but it was positioned so that a central length of 5 mm was in a hollow plastic disk and was electrically isolated from the ends of the fiber. The diameter of the segment of the fiber in the disk was measured and then the segment was pressed from opposite sides by two insulating wedges. Electrical current was passed transversely through the segment between two platinum-platinum black electrodes that were located in the pools of Ringer's solution within the disk. The results were corrected for stray parallel capacitance, series resistance of the Ringer's solution between the fiber and the electrodes, parallel shunt resistance around the fiber, and the phase shift of the measuring apparatus. A nonlinear least-squares routine was used to fit a lumped equivalent circuit to the data from six fibers. The equivalent circuit that was chosen for the fibers contained three parallel branches; each branch was composed of a resistor and a capacitor in series. The model also included a seventh adjustable parameter that was designed to account for the degree of compression of the fibers by the insulating wedges. The branches of the equivalent circuit were assumed to represent the electrical properties of: (a) the myoplasm in series with the membrane capacitance that was exposed directly to the pools of Ringer's solution; (b) the capacitance and series resistance of the transverse tubules that were exposed directly to the pools of Ringer's solution; (c) the membrane capacitance in series with the shunt resistance between the fibers and the insulating wedges. The results gave no indication that current entered the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6982733 TI - Two new acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines with early B-cell phenotypes. AB - Two leukemic cell lines (697 and 207) were established from bone marrow cells obtained from children with ALL in relapse. These cell lines were positive for the common-ALL antigen (CALLA), the HLA-DR (i.e., Ia-like) antigen, and for cytoplasmic and surface IgM heavy chains. The lines were negative for other immunoglobulin heavy chains and light chains. The lines had elevated levels of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase enzyme and expressed surface antigens found on normal myeloid-macrophage cells (MMA) and on natural killer cells (HNK-1). A minority of cells in line 207 expressed the T-1, T-6, and Leu-1 antigens as detected by monoclonal antibodies. Line 697 was positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), while line 207 did not possess EBV. Line 697 carried a marker chromosome (identified as a translocation between chromosomes 7 and 19), which was also patient's fresh leukemic cells. The leukemic origin of the cell lines was further indicated by their morphological, cytochemical, and immunologic similarity to the patients' leukemic cells. Phenotypically, both cell lines appear to be arrested in a transitional stage of development between pre-B and B cells and express surface antigens usually found on normal and fresh leukemic cells of non-B-cell lineages. PMID- 6982734 TI - Cytotoxic T-cell clones derived from pluripotent stem cells (CFU-GEMM) of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Pluripotent stem cells (CFU-GEMM) give rise to multilineage hemopoietic colonies in culture. The cellular composition revealed that mixed colonies contain cells of different myeloid lineages and mononuclear cells with T-cell surface antigens. T lymphocytes of primary colonies and replated secondary clones from 5 patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (stage I--II) were identified by their reaction with the monoclonal antibody OKT-8. Replated secondary clones do act functionally as cytotoxic cells using K562 as target cells. Evidence for a common progenitor of myeloid and lymphoid cells is provided by analysis of individual secondary colonies with the use of OKT-3, OKT-4, OKT-8, VIM-D5, and IgM + D antibodies for each individual clone. Primary mixed and replated secondary colonies revealed OKT 8-positive cells. No reaction with OKT-3, OKT-4, VIM-D 5, or IgM + D was observed. In mixed colonies grown from putative bone marrow transplant donors, only OKT-3-positive cells could be observed. Secondary replated colonies did not stain for OKT-8 and failed to lyse 51Cr-labeled K562 cells. PMID- 6982735 TI - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating and binding activities of purified human urinary colony-stimulating factor to murine and human bone marrow cells. PMID- 6982736 TI - Phorbol-ester-mediated induction and augmentation of mitogenesis and interleukin 2 production in human T-cell lymphoproliferative disease. PMID- 6982737 TI - Type IIB von Willebrand's disease: differential clearance of endogenous versus transfused large multimer von willebrand factor. AB - The abnormal multimeric composition of plasma von Willebrand factor in type IIB von Willebrand's disease is transiently corrected after infusion of 1-deamino-[8 D-arginine]-vasopressin. However, the larger multimers released into the circulation disappear more rapidly in these patients than in type I von Willebrand's disease or normals. We demonstrate that the larger multimers of normal von Willebrand factor transfused into a type IIB patient are cleared from the circulation more slowly than multimers of similar size endogenously released from tissue stores. The rate of disappearance of large von Willebrand factor multimers after infusion of cryoprecipitate is similar in IIB, IIA, and severe homozygous-like von Willebrand's disease. Platelets from the IIB patient exhibited normal ristocetin-induced binding of normal von Willebrand factor. However, like normal platelets, they bound IIB von Willebrand factor at lower ristocetin concentrations than required for normal von Willebrand factor. These findings provide evidence that absence of the larger multimers from IIB plasma is related to a molecular abnormality of von Willebrand factor rather than to enhanced affinity of abnormal tissue or cellular binding sites, as is the case in the recently described "pseudo" von Willebrand's disease and "platelet-type" von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6982739 TI - [Density distribution of human lymphocytes. I. Results of research on normal lymphoid tissue]. AB - The aim of this study was to analyze the density distribution patterns of subsets of normal human lymphocytes. Density distribution was assessed by equilibrium centrifugation on linear polysucrose-metrizoat gradients. Results of the analyses of various subsets of lymphoid cells differing in their degree of cellular maturation and functional activation suggested that their distribution patterns are determined by three independent factors: the derivation, the stage of differenciation and the functional activity. PMID- 6982740 TI - Hepatic artery aneurysms. PMID- 6982738 TI - Stimulation of canine lymphocyte subpopulations separated nonlytically by monoclonal anti-T and polyclonal anti-B cell antibodies. AB - Canine blood lymphocytes were nonlytically separated on antibody-coated petri dishes into surface immunoglobulin-positive (SIg+) and -negative (SIg-) populations. SIg- cells were further separated into cells reactive or non reactive with monoclonal antibody DT-2 recognizing canine T lymphocytes. The purity of the three enriched lymphocyte populations exceeded 90% as assessed by immunofluorescence. Mitogen stimulation showed a vigorous response of SIg+ cells to pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A but only a weak response to phytohemagglutinin. In mixed DT-2- and DT-2+ cells responded to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen, and both populations were good responders in mixed leukocyte culture. Only DT-2- cells were potent stimulators; DT-2+ cells were not. Hence, canine blood T cells can be divided into two subsets, DT-2+ and DT-2-, both of which are responsive to mitogens and alloantigens. PMID- 6982741 TI - Uptake of 13N-ammonia by human tumours as studied by positron emission tomography. AB - Tumour uptake of 13N-labelled ammonia was studied by means of positron emission computerised axial tomography in 46 patients with various extensive neoplastic conditions. Eleven of the patients have been followed sequentially before, during and after radio- and/or chemotherapeutic treatment. Substantial accumulation of 13NH3 (up to five times the amount found in comparable normal tissues) was noted in some cases of breast cancer and their metastases, as well as in soft tissue sarcomas, in malignant neck nodes secondary to head and neck tumours, in lung tumours and their metastases, in melanomas, in malignant lymphomas, in metastasis prostatic carcinoma and in the case of ovarian carcinoma examined. Little or no extra uptake of 13NH3 was found ion necrotic or non-malignant tumours or in primary brain tumours, or in some primary breast cancer which otherwise appeared well vascularized and actively growing. In those patients who were followed sequentially, 13NH3 uptake could be seen to decrease with tumour regression. However, during the course of a radiotherapeutic treatment a transitory increase of 13NH3 uptake could be observed. If the therapy had not been successful, 13NH3 uptake was found to persist after treatment. Uptake of 13NH3 in tumours is to be regarded as the result of a complex interaction of both circulatory and metabolic influences. Studies using more specific tracers of flow and tissue metabolism will probably help to unravel the contributory physiological components. PMID- 6982742 TI - Identification of multiple groups of efferent vestibular neurons in the adult pigeon using horseradish peroxidase and DAPI. AB - This study was designed to investigate the efferent innervation of the pigeon labyrinth. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected and confined within the endolymphatic space of one labyrinth in 9 adult pigeons. The brain was perfused by transcardiac carotid catheterization and the HRP reacted by the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) blue reaction process. Five different groups of HRP labeled vestibular efferent neurons were identified. Three groups were located within the confines of the ipsilateral vestibular nuclear complex (in the lateral, tangential and descending nucleus) and two additional groups, each bilateral, were located in the reticular formation. In 9 additional pigeons, 4,6 diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was also injected and confined within the endolymphatic space of one labyrinth. DAPI-labeled cells were noted in 3 of the 5 locations (tangential nucleus, and both reticular groups) which in the other animals contained HRP-labeled cells. These findings raise the possibility of different physiological roles for the efferent vestibular groups in the ipsilateral vestibular nuclear complex and bilateral reticular formation. PMID- 6982743 TI - Purine receptors involved in the depression of neuronal firing in cerebral cortex. PMID- 6982744 TI - Acute seismic sensitivity in the bullfrog ear. AB - Single axons in the auditory/vestibular nerve of the American bullfrog exhibit by far the most exquisite sensitivity to substrate-borne vibration yet reported for a quadruped vertebrate. Earlier dye-injection studies revealed that these axons, which are relatively insensitive to airborne sound, originate at the saccular and lagenar maculae of the bullfrog inner ear. The more sensitive axons exhibited clear responses to vibratory sinusoids with peak accelerations as low as 0.005 cm/s2. PMID- 6982745 TI - Haemodynamic and catecholamine response to isoflurane anaesthesia in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. AB - Haemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses were evaluated during isoflurane anaesthesia in ten patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Following thiopentone induction the patients were anaesthetized with isoflurane 1.5-2.0 per cent in oxygen. The results show that after 10 minutes of isoflurane anaesthesia there was a significant increase from baseline in heart rate, 68 to 80; cardiac output, 3.75 to 4.61; and plasma epinephrine, 0.80 to 1.33 microgram/l. Conversely, there was a significant reduction in systemic vascular resistance index, 3388 to 2260, and plasma norepinephrine, 1.10 to 0.88 microgram/l. Twenty five minutes later, after sternotomy, heart rate, cardiac output and the level of plasma epinephrine were still elevated, and systemic vascular resistance index and plasma norepinephrine remained lowered (p less than 0.05). This study demonstrates significant catecholamine responses during isoflurane anaesthesia. The increase in plasma epinephrine parallelled the increase in heart rate and cardiac output, and the decrease in plasma norepinephrine paralleled the decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Based upon these findings we conclude that catecholamine responses contribute to the cardiac and peripheral cardiovascular changes observed with isoflurane anesthesia. PMID- 6982746 TI - Factors affecting rehabilitation following aortocoronary bypass procedures. AB - Two hundred and ten men were referred consecutively to a rehabilitation program following aortocoronary bypass surgery. The program involved exercise tolerance testing 8 and 20 weeks postoperatively, with an intervening 12-week exercise program. A retrospective analysis of data showed 50% of these patients to be on no medication throughout their rehabilitation and the others on medications likely to affect cardiac performance. Factors likely to influence exercise tolerance such as age, medication and extent of revascularization were subjected to multivariate analysis in these two cohorts of patients. Age (up to 60 years) and the extent of revascularization did not appear to influence exercise tolerance. Following the 12-week exercise program, patients in both groups had improved significantly (P less than 0.01), but the initial and final performance of the cohort of patients requiring cardiac drugs was significantly poorer than those on no medication (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6982747 TI - Depression in children and adolescents with malignancy. AB - This is a prospective and retrospective study of 35 children and adolescents with cancer treated at a pediatric Hematology-Oncology division. Using DSM-III diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Episode, 17% of the sample were found to be depressed. This study also describes some of the distinguishing characteristics of adults and children with cancer. For example, of particularly note in this study was the apparent nonchalance of younger children diagnosed as having cancer. The children also, however, demonstrated anger more frequently, which is not a common finding in adult patients with cancer. PMID- 6982748 TI - Studies with multiple markers on malignant lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias. AB - Three hundred consecutive cases of malignant lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias in the National Cancer Center Hospital during the last five years were evaluated in terms of multiple morphologic and functional parameters. Immunologically these cases were composed of 42 cases of nonT-nonB-, 135 cases of T-, 95 cases of B-, and 28 cases of possible (defective) B-cell lymphoma and leukemias. The high ratio of T-cell lymphomas (45) is noteworthy and 63% of them were of peripheral T cell origin. Some of the peripheral T-cell lymphomas were difficult to subtype by the classical Rappaport classification and these were dealt with as separate entities. The lower frequency of follicular lymphoma in Japan was reconfirmed (22 of 95 B-cell lymphomas) and half of the B-cell lymphomas were diffuse large cell type. Morphologic characteristics, surface and other functional markers of the neoplastic cells in each subtype were presented in detail and discussed in relation to the normal differentiation and maturation of lymphoid cells. PMID- 6982749 TI - Analysis of acid esterase activity and polymorphism as an aid for the classification of human low-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Investigating a link between enzyme histochemical and recent immunohistochemical results, the authors studied the activity and the polymorphism of acid esterase (EC 3.1.1.6) in well defined human B-cell lymphomas. TWelve cases of chronic B lymphocytic leukemia, 18 cases of centroblastic/centrocytic follicular lymphoma, and 17 cases of lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, as diagnosed according to Kiel classification, were subjected to enzyme assay and isoelectric focusing of acid esterase. Enzyme values revealed no characteristic distribution among the lymphoma entities. The isoenzyme pattern, specific to normal human B lymphocytes, were regularly detectable in all lymphoma entities. The results document the B-cell origin of the analyzed subsets of B-cell malignancies, although distinctive acid esterase patterns were lacking. The prevalence of three anodal isoenzymes in cases of chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia, hardly detectable in other lymphoma entities, were interpreted as the expression of a clonal proliferation, arrested at a certain differentiation stage of B-cells common for the majority of the tumor cells. Hence, further evidence is provided supporting the view that the studied entities represent B-cell neoplasias at different stages of differentiation expressing a variety of different markers. PMID- 6982752 TI - Massive vincristine overdose: failure of leucovorin to reduce toxicity. AB - The case history of a 24-year-old male with the nodular sclerosing form of Hodgkin's disease (stage IIE) who accidentally received an overdose of vincristine (25 mg, 0.39 mg/kg) is reported. To date, ten patients given a vincristine overdose have been reported. Two of those patients were treated with leucovorin. One patient died after 68 hours. In the second patient, the time to onset and the duration of symptoms were shortened. In an attempt to reduce the duration of toxic effects in our patient, leucovorin was administered 24 hours after the overdose. In agreement with the earlier observation, the time to onset of symptoms was short, but in contrast we did not find a more rapid recovery from the serious side effects. Although the patient might have died without leucovorin administration, we believe its beneficial effect remains to be established. PMID- 6982750 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Immunologic markers and functional properties of the leukemic cells. AB - In 230 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), marker analysis was performed with rosette techniques and a panel of xeno-antisera. A monoclonal B-cell proliferation was found in the majority of cases (94%). In most cases, the B cells carried IgM, with or without IgD. Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin-inclusion bodies were seen in 7% of the cases of B-CLL. The number of patients with non B/non-T-CLL was small (2%) in this series. In eight patients (4%), a proliferation of T-cells was established. These patients had a different clinical presentation and marker analysis of the lymphocytes, together with functional studies, showed that this group represented a mixture of different disease processes. Functional analysis of the B-CLL cells in 19 cases showed a poor or absent mitogen response and in nine cases the absence of the capacity to differentiate in vitro into plasma cells and/or to produce immunoglobulins. PMID- 6982751 TI - Effects of 2'-deoxyadenosine, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine, and related compounds on S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase activity in synchronous and asynchronous cultured cells. PMID- 6982753 TI - Comparison of thymidine and folinic acid protection from methotrexate toxicity in human lymphoid cell lines. AB - Hypoxanthine, thymidine, and folinic acid protection from methotrexate cytotoxicity were compared in human lymphoid cell lines variably sensitive to thymidine-induced growth suppression. Hypoxanthine protection differed among the cell lines, and the dose-response relationship for protection occurred within the physiologic bone marrow hypoxanthine concentration range. The slopes of the thymidine protection curves were virtually superimposable in a B cell line versus a T cell line, but threefold to fourfold higher thymidine concentrations were required to maximally protect the B versus the T cell line. Thymidine (plus hypoxanthine) protection was superior to that of folinic acid in both the B and the T cell lines when protection was delayed. As the interval between methotrexate and folinic acid exposure was progressively delayed, there was a linear decline in the degree of maximum protection in both cell lines. However, as thymidine exposure was progressively delayed, maximal protection was maintained, except at 12 hours in the B cell line. The influence of methotrexate on thymidine-induced growth suppression was studied. Methotrexate enhanced thymidine-induced growth suppression in sensitive cells as manifested by a significant shift of the dose-response curve. Deoxycytidine protection from thymidine toxicity was superior in the presence of methotrexate. The results of these studies indicate that thymidine protection and folinic acid protection against methotrexate toxicity produce different effects, which in part are dependent on the cell type. The complexity of these interactions points out the need for further studies. PMID- 6982754 TI - [Individual reactivity to Imuran, antithymocytic globulin and levamisol]. PMID- 6982755 TI - Cells and intercellular contacts in glomeruli and tubules of the frog kidney. A freeze-fracture and thin-section study. PMID- 6982756 TI - Aneurysm of a saphenous vein bypass graft associated with aneurysms of native coronary arteries. AB - Aneurysm formation in saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass grafts is an extremely rare complication of coronary artery bypass surgery. Aneurysms of native coronary arteries are found in a small percentage of patients at autopsy. Reported is a case with multiple coronary artery aneurysms in which a dissecting aneurysm of the saphenous vein bypass graft also developed following coronary artery bypass surgery. This is the first report of such association. PMID- 6982757 TI - Thrombolysis in an aortocoronary saphenous vein graft. PMID- 6982758 TI - Proteins synthesized by inducer T cells: evidence for a mitogenic peptide shared by inducer molecules that stimulate different cell types. AB - Inducer T lymphocytes synthesize and secrete peptides that stimulate growth and differentiation of many cell types, including lymphocytes and monocytes that kill foreign organisms, B lymphocytes, mast cells and hematopoietic precursor cells. To define these inducer molecules more precisely, we have generated clones of these T cells as a source of homogeneous material for biochemical analysis. These clones synthesize peptides that stimulate T and B cells to divide and that also induce the latter cells to secrete immunoglobulin. Inducer cells synthesize a 14 kilodalton growth polypeptide that stimulates T and B lymphocytes, as well as other cell types, to divide. This 14 kilodalton peptide is normally associated with different, larger peptides that appear to focus its mitogenic activity to one or another target cell. PMID- 6982759 TI - Antigen recognition by human T lymphocytes is linked to surface expression of the T3 molecular complex. AB - Four distinct surface molecules on human T cells are defined by the monoclonal antibodies anti-T1, anti-T3 (anti-T3A), anti-T11 and anti-T12. Following cell binding, anti-T3 (anti-T3A) and anti-T1 induce independent modulation of their respective ligands, whereas anti-T11 and anti-T12 do not. To explore the biological consequences of this modulation, we used cloned populations of T4 and T8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Anti-T3 (anti-T3A), but not anti-T1, inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector function by T4 and T8 clones as well as antigen specific T cell recognition. The latter is not secondary to a generalized inhibitory effect since responsiveness to interleukin 2 is maintained. Moreover, after modulation, cytotoxic T lymphocytes recover cytolytic function in parallel with reexpression of surface T3 molecules. We provide evidence for a direct linkage between antigen recognition by T lymphocytes and surface expression of the T3 molecular complex. PMID- 6982761 TI - Control of T- and B-lymphocyte differentiation: preliminary characterization of lymphocyte promoter factor(s) made by FCS-induced T-cell line and clones. PMID- 6982762 TI - Differential potentiation of in vitro lipopolysaccharide stimulation of B lymphoid cells by lithium and ammonium ions. PMID- 6982760 TI - Effect of "facteur thymique serique" (FTS) on TdT expression in murine thymocytes. PMID- 6982764 TI - Different responses of CR(-) and CR(+) B cells to LPS stimulation. PMID- 6982765 TI - The effect of removing hapten from the surface of hapten-bearing cells in tolerance induced by DNP-isologous IgG. PMID- 6982763 TI - Indomethacin-responsive mononuclear cell dysfunction in "atypical" mycobacteriosis. PMID- 6982766 TI - Functional evidence for abnormal maturation within a B-cell subpopulation of NZB mice. PMID- 6982767 TI - Spleen cells from athymic mice are ineffective stimulator cells for cytotoxic responses in microcultures and in vivo. PMID- 6982768 TI - Resistance of tolerance induction in B cells of autoimmune mice--abnormal expansion of low affinity IgG-producing B-cell population. PMID- 6982769 TI - Augmentation of the antibody response by hapten help. I. Dominant genetic control. PMID- 6982771 TI - Induction of differentiation in human T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA): studies with monoclonal antibodies to T cells. PMID- 6982772 TI - The spread of Rift Valley fever and approaches to its control. AB - Rift Valley fever (RVF) is primarily a disease of sheep, cattle, other domestic animals, and man; it was believed to be relatively benign for man until 1977 when it spread to Egypt. There it caused enormous losses of sheep and cattle, and thousands of human cases occurred, with nearly 600 reported deaths. Although mosquitos are known to transmit RVF virus in epizootics and epidemics, the reservoir and means of inter-epizootic maintenance are not known. RVF epizootics can be recognized by a combination of observations: abortions and neonatal death in sheep and cattle at times when mosquitos are abundant, accompanied by cases of fever in man, which are complicated in a minority of patients by haemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and retinitis with blindness. Vaccination of livestock with available killed or live attenuated vaccines should prevent transmission to both human subjects and animals. Although routine quarantine of animals is not deemed a practical measure, movement of animals should be restricted when an epizootic is in progress. Since it is possible that RVF may spread from Africa in the future, serological surveillance in man and animals is recommended in potentially receptive countries of the Mediterranean Basin and South-West Asia to establish baseline data and to familiarize staff with the methods of RVF diagnosis. PMID- 6982770 TI - Regulation of the immune response in the rat: evidence for the existence of contrasuppressor cells. PMID- 6982773 TI - Enzyme studies for the characterization of some orthopoxvirus isolates. AB - The thymidine kinase produced in cell cultures by several orthopoxviruses has been tested for sensitivity to inhibition by thymidine triphosphate (TTP). Thymidine kinase preparations from eleven variola isolates and from five "whitepox" isolates were all found to be sensitive to inhibition by TTP. Preparations from other orthopoxviruses, including vaccinia, cowpox, and monkeypox, were all resistant to inhibition by TTP. There was no overlap between the two groups of results and no viruses were found which gave intermediate results. Tests with hybrid viruses showed that this character segregated independently of other biological marker characters and is thus a valuable additional marker for variola and variola-related viruses. PMID- 6982774 TI - Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a Q fever chemovaccine in persons professionally exposed to Q fever in Czechoslovakia. AB - An immunization trial carried out on 1310 persons professionally exposed to Q fever confirmed the suitability of a chemovaccine for field use. Its immunogenicity and reactogenicity differed in three groups of subjects who differed in their previous experience of Q fever and who were given different lots of the vaccine. There was some correlation between reactogenicity of the vaccine and pre-immunization positivity in the microagglutination and skin tests as indicators of a previous exposure. The skin test was more reliable for predicting post-immunization reactions. PMID- 6982775 TI - Epidemiology of eltor cholera in rural Bangladesh: importance of surface water in transmission. AB - In order to define the role of water used for drinking, cooking, bathing, and washing in the transmission of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor infections in an area with endemic cholera, surveillance was initiated in neighbourhoods with a culture-confirmed cholera index case and others with index cases with non-cholera diarrhoea as controls. In neighbourhoods with cholera infection, 44% of surface water sources were positive for V. cholerae, whereas only 2% of surface sources were positive in control neighbourhoods. Canals, rivers, and tanks were most frequently positive. There was an increased risk of infection for families using water from culture-positive sources for drinking, cooking, bathing, or washing and for those using water sources used by index families for drinking, cooking or bathing. Analysis of the results for individuals showed that in this case there was an increased risk of infection associated with using water from culture positive sources for cooking, bathing, or washing, but not with using water from culture-positive sources for drinking. Individuals who used the same water source as an index family for bathing were more likely to be infected than those using different sources. For families drinking from a culture-negative source, there was an association between infection and bathing in a positive source. For families using a different bathing source from the index family there was an association between infection and drinking from the same source as the index family, and for families using a different drinking source from the index family there was an association between infection and bathing in the same source as the index family. These data suggest that use of surface water is important in the transmission of V. cholerae and that, in addition to providing safe drinking water, education regarding the risk of transmission of infection by water from potentially contaminated sources used for other purposes, especially bathing, may also be necessary to control transmission in areas where eltor cholera is endemic. PMID- 6982776 TI - Tests for the existence of genetic variability in the tendency of Anopheles culicifacies species B to rest in houses and to bite man. AB - Experiments were carried out in Sri Lanka on the malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies using the mark-release-recapture technique. Collections were made in cattle-baited huts fitted with exit traps, and in nightbiting catches on human subjects. The same individual mosquitos were caught biting cattle and man on different occasions and the numbers caught demonstrated an overall preference for the cattle. The mean interval between successive blood meals in the field was estimated to be 2.3 days.Following blood-feeding on a cow in a hut, A. culicifacies were found to rest in the hut for 1 or 2 days, whereas A. subpictus and A. varuna generally exited on the night of feeding or on the following night. The same individual A. culicifacies were recorded resting in a hut for 1 or 2 days on different occasions. The apparent absence of genetic variability in host choice or indoor resting behaviour is considered encouraging for the prospects of control of malaria transmitted by A. culicifacies. PMID- 6982778 TI - An intervention study of oral cancer and precancer in rural Indian populations: a preliminary report. AB - A large-scale epidemiological study of oral cancer and precancer was initiated in 1966 in several regions of India. Phase 1 of the study consisted of a cross section survey to determine the prevalence of cancer and precancerous lesions, while phase 2 was a 10-year follow-up survey to determine the incidence and natural history of oral precancer. Following these preliminary investigations, an intervention study was started to try to persuade subjects to give up tobacco, and to measure the subsequent changes in the incidence and regression rate of oral precancer. In each of the three study areas, 12 000 adult tobacco users were selected, examined, and interviewed in a house-to-house survey. Information on the ill effects of tobacco use was given through individual discussions with a social scientist, film shows, and posters. The population was reviewed after one year and the proportions of subjects who had discontinued tobacco use were found to be 2% in Ernakulam, 1% in Bhavnagar, and 5% in Srikakulam. Additionally, between 1% and 16% had reduced their tobacco use. In Bhavnagar and Ernakulam the regression rate of leukoplakia was significantly higher among those who had stopped or reduced their tobacco consumption. In Srikakulam there was a highly significant correlation between reduction in tobacco consumption and regression of palatal lesions. PMID- 6982777 TI - Results of nutritional status surveillance in El Salvador, 1975-77. AB - Nutritional status surveillance data based on the clinical diagnosis of malnutrition and on weight-for-age, as well as diarrhoeal disease data for preschool age children attending government health clinics in El Salvador are presented for a 3-year period (1975 - 77). Surveillance results indicated consistently higher rates of clinical malnutrition and weight-for-age deficit in rural children as compared with urban children, and higher malnutrition rates in children 1 - 4 years of age as compared with infants less than 1 year old. Consistent seasonal increases in malnutrition were observed that were most pronounced in older preschool children (1 - 4 years) in rural areas. Seasonal peaks in malnutrition consistently followed 1 - 2 months after the major seasonal peak in diarrhoea at the onset of the rainy season, suggesting that diarrhoea may play a role in the etiology of malnutrition. A secondary seasonal peak in diarrhoea in the cooler, dry season was most prominent in infants but was not related to increased malnutrition. These results indicate that nutritional and health status indicators formed from data collected regularly at health centres can demonstrate consistent age group, urban/rural, and seasonal differences in nutritional status that may be useful in identifying risk groups and in monitoring nutritional changes for planning and evaluation purposes. PMID- 6982779 TI - Guidelines for research on acute respiratory infections: memorandum from a WHO meeting. AB - The main objective of the WHO programme on acute respiratory infections (ARI) is the development, through epidemiological and operational research, of standard plans of patient management that can be applied at the primary health care level, and eventually of prototype programmes of ARI control. Research may be either hospital-based or population-based; each type has advantages and disadvantages. Studies in hospitalized patients should attempt to establish clinical descriptions of the different types of disease and the relative frequency of the various pathogens involved, to carry out controlled trials of therapeutic methods, and to monitor the locally prevalent pathogenic microorganisms. Population-based research, on the other hand, can provide information on the morbidity and mortality rates in the community, investigate the determinants of incidence and severity of illness, identify individuals and groups at special risk, and determine disease outcome in patients discharged from hospital; in addition controlled trials of preventive and therapeutic interventions can be carried out in a community setting. Research towards the standard plan of patient management should take into account the roles of the mother, the primary health care worker, and the hospital or health centre. The steps in the planning of these studies and in planning for the introduction of a programme of control, and of evaluating the results, are considered in detail. The design of questionnaires for this type of work and the role of the laboratory support are also discussed. PMID- 6982780 TI - Progress in the national schistosomiasis control programme of Iran. AB - A combination of chemotherapy and mollusciciding has been used in Khuzestan, south-west Iran, since 1966, to try to control urinary schistosomiasis. The total amount of molluscicide used each year varied between 702 and 3505 kg and between 287 and 1320 infected persons were detected and treated annually. The prevalence of infection has gradually declined from 8.3% in 1970 to 0.7% in 1979. Similarly, the incidence of infection among schoolchildren decreased from 3.5% in 1970 to 0.7% in 1979. The proportion of Bulinus-infested habitats also decreased from 10% in 1971 to 2.4% in 1979. PMID- 6982781 TI - Value of individual household water supplies in the maintenance phase of a schistosomiasis control programme in Saint-Lucia, after chemotherapy. AB - Between 1970 and 1975, the incidence of new Schistosoma mansoni infections was reduced in 5 villages after each household was provided with its individual water supply and community laundry shower units were made available. In 1975, 1976, and 1977 chemotherapy with oxamniquine was offered to persons found to be infected. Transmission was reduced further and remained at a low level for the next 4 years, with no sign of an increase in spite of the reservoir of infection remaining after therapy and a poor level of sanitation in the villages.Thus, properly maintained water supplies appear to be effective in maintaining transmission at a low level during the maintenance phase of a schistosomiasis control programme, after chemotherapy. Sporadic new infections must be anticipated among children, but these will probably be of low intensity and associated with minimal morbidity. PMID- 6982782 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunity following antitetanus vaccination in malnourished and malaria-induced African children. 2. In vitro study of non-specific and specific cellular responses to tetanus anatoxin]. PMID- 6982783 TI - The magnitude of the global problem of acute diarrhoeal disease: a review of active surveillance data. PMID- 6982785 TI - Epidemiological, clinical, and virological features of influenza outbreaks in Pune, India, 1980. AB - During the course of continuous surveillance of influenza in 1980 in Pune, India, which has a tropical monsoon climate, three outbreaks of acute respiratory infection (ARI) were investigated in March (hot season), in July-September (rainy season), and in November (cold season); sporadic cases during the interepidemic months were also studied. The first outbreak was associated with influenza A virus (H3N2), the second with influenza A viruses (H3N2) and (H1N1) and influenza B virus, but fewer influenza viruses were isolated during the third outbreak. The illnesses affected all age groups including infants and adults over 60 years of age, although the paediatric age group was mainly affected. The ARI outbreaks associated with the hot and cold seasons commenced at about the time the weather changed whereas the mixed influenza A (H3N2) and A(H1N1) outbreaks occurred in the middle of the rainy season. PMID- 6982784 TI - Survey of pesticide poisoning in Sri Lanka. AB - This study included a sample survey of the clinical records of patients admitted to the different hospitals in Sri Lanka, and showed that approximately 13 000 patients are admitted to hospital annually for pesticide poisoning and that each year 1000 of them die. Suicidal attempts account for 73% of the total, and occupational and accidental poisoning accounts for 24.9%. It is recommended that urgent action be taken to minimize the extent of the problem. PMID- 6982786 TI - Adenosine and deoxyadenosine toxicity in colony assay systems for human T lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and granulocytes. AB - Adenosine and deoxyadenosine toxicity was examined in colony assay systems for human T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and granulocytes. In the absence of deoxycoformycin, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, no growth inhibition was observed in the three systems with concentrations of adenosine or deoxyadenosine of at least 200 microM. Deoxycoformycin itself had no growth-inhibitory effect at concentrations of at least 10 micrograms/ml. Combinations of deoxycoformycin (1 microgram/ml) and either adenosine or deoxyadenosine gave growth inhibition in all three systems. Deoxyadenosine was the most toxic in all the systems, the LD50 values being 20-25 microM. The LD50 values for adenosine were 45-55 microM. There was no evidence of selective toxicity by adenosine or deoxyadenosine with these three colony assay systems. In the T-lymphocyte colony system deoxyadenosine appeared to be toxic to both the inducer/helper and the suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6982789 TI - Specific serum IgE antibodies to bacterial antigens in allergic lung disease. AB - A radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) to measure specific IgE antibodies in man to whole bacterial cells of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae was developed to investigate different well-defined lung diseases (chronic bronchitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), bronchial asthma allergic rhinitis, cystic fibrosis) and also in urticaria as compared with non-atopic blood donors. In addition, total IgE values and skin prick tests were assessed in these patients. The ABPA group gave the highest specific IgE RAST scores to all three bacteria, whilst the chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis groups also gave raised RAST scores with H. influenzae. There was a positive correlation between the patients' Sta. aureus and Str. pneumoniae immediate-type skin reactions and their RAST scores and total serum IgE concentrations, but there was only a low incidence of immediate-type skin test positivity to H. influenzae. PMID- 6982788 TI - European coronary surgery study. PMID- 6982787 TI - Amantadine-induced diastolic depolarization and automaticity in ventricular muscle. AB - We studied the cardiac effects of amantadine, an antiviral and anti-Parkinson drug. Amantadine hydrochloride (100--800 microM) produced significant changes in the electrophysiological properties of isolated ventricular muscle preparations from frog, rabbit, cat, dog, and calf. At relatively low concentrations (100--300 microM), the drug increased action potential duration, decreased action potential amplitude and maximum diastolic potential, and induced phase 4 depolarization. Amantadine also caused subthreshold diastolic depolarizations, apparent upon cessation of stimulation in all preparations studied. The amplitude of the diastolic depolarizations increased as a function of time and/or concentration of drug, eventually reached threshold, and spontaneous activity ensued. In the steady state, amantadine-induced spontaneous activity was rather stable, and the rate was dependent upon the amantadine and external potassium concentrations, as well as the membrane potential. In the absence of stimulation, amantadine-induced spontaneous activity occurred abruptly or could be triggered by a single stimulus, often occurring in a "bursting" fashion that appeared to originate from multiple discrete foci. All actions of amantadine were rapidly reversed upon washout. Propranolol had no effect on the actions of the drug. Amantadine-induced spontaneous activity was unaffected by lidocaine, diminished by TTX, and reduced or abolished by verapamil. The results indicate that amantadine can directly alter the membrane properties of ventricular muscle, possibly due to an effect on potassium conductance. Furthermore, amantadine can be used as a tool to study the ionic basis of ventricular automaticity and to model cellular mechanisms of ventricular rhythm disturbances. PMID- 6982790 TI - Eosinophilia VI, spontaneous synthesis of chemokinetics, chemotactic, complement receptor-inducing activities for eosinophils by bronchial t lymphocytes of asthmatic-bronchitic patients. AB - T lymphocytes were separated from the bronchial mucus of five patients with extrinsic asthma and chronic and mild bronchitis and who had numerous eosinophils in the bronchial mucus but no significant blood eosinophilia. The bronchial lymphocytes spontaneously, that is without treatment with antigens or mitogens, released into serum-free synthetic medium one or more substances in the molecular weight range of 30 000 to 60 000 daltons. These substances when tested on eosinophils of normal persons stimulated random movement (chemokinesis), attracted them (chemotaxis), enhanced their chemotactic response to activated complement, and increased the expression of C4 and C3b receptors. Chemokinetic and chemotactic activity for neutrophils was weak. No eosinophil-stimulating activity was found in cultures of bronchial lymphocytes treated with puromycin to inhibit synthesis. The blood lymphocytes did not spontaneously synthesize the substance(s). It is not known if the several eosinophil-stimulating activities are due to one or more substance(s), but the nature of the eosinophil responses, molecular weight and other features, indicate similarities with the 'eosinophil stimulation promoter-chemotactic' factor reported to be released from mouse or human lymphocytes treated with antigen. Eosinophil stimulation resulting in increased expression of specific receptors, and potential for non-specific adherence, by trapping or arresting randomly migrating cells, is believed to mediate accumulation of cells in an affected organ. Prolonged synthesis of such products as from activated lymphocytes in the lung, could account for much of the local eosinophilia. PMID- 6982791 TI - Diagnostic significance of late cutaneous allergic responses and their correlation with radioallergosorbent test. AB - In order to study the clinical significance of late cutaneous allergic responses 178 intracutaneous tests were done on the forearm of forty-three allergic patients with perennial allergy and twelve patients with pollen allergy. The allergen concentration was chosen to give a moderate immediate response with a weal diameter of about 15 mm. Late cutaneous allergic responses (LCAR) were elicited in eighty-two intracutaneous tests in thirty-one patients with perennial allergy and in nine intracutaneous tests in eight patients with pollen allergy, with almost all the allergens frequently responsible for allergy in this area. Their occurrence was found to be related to the size of the immediate reaction. Almost all the patients showing LCAR had positive provocation tests and were clinically sensitive to the corresponding allergen. PMID- 6982792 TI - Specific IgA and IgE in childhood asthma, eczema and food allergy. AB - Allergen-specific IgA and IgE antibodies were compared in 250 children with asthma (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, rye grass pollen), in eighty-six children with eczema (whole egg, cow's milk) and in two groups of children with egg and cow's milk allergy. In each of the conditions investigated, food allergy, asthma and eczema increasing atopy was associated with increasing specific IgE levels to relevant allergens. There was no association of high IgE antibody levels with low IgA antibody levels in any of the conditions or allergens studied. There was, however, a tendency for subjects with more severe asthma to have high IgA levels with high IgE levels. IgA deficiency does not appear to be associated with atopic conditions of childhood. PMID- 6982793 TI - T lymphocyte substances controlling eosinophilia. The spontaneous synthesis by asthmatic human bronchial T lymphocytes of a substance stimulating eosinophil activities and expression of complement receptors. PMID- 6982794 TI - Evidence against significant 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone production in patients with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Tetrahydro-19-nor-deoxycorticosterone (3 alpha, 21-dihydroxy-19-nor-5 beta pregnan-20-one, a presumed metabolite of 19-nor-DOC was sought in the conjugated steroid fractions of urine from patients with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency syndrome. The reference material was prepared by microbial reduction (Clostridium paraputrificum) of 19-nor-DOC. Urinary steroid fractions of appropriate polarity were examined by high resolution gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) but no tetrahydro-19-nor-DOC was found. The high selectivity of the GC/MS technique ensured that the excretion of this compound could not exceed about 1% of the excretion of tetrahydroDOC. Assuming that tetrahydro-19 nor-DOC is a major metabolite of 19-nor-DOC, it can be stated that 19-nor-DOC production is not a significant feature of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. This assumption may not be valid if 19-nor-DOC is formed from DOC in the kidney and is excreted unmetabolized soon after synthesis. PMID- 6982795 TI - Ga-67 scan of a homosexual man with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 6982796 TI - Fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a neonate treated with tolazoline. PMID- 6982797 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of the combination allopurinol-benziodarone in the treatment of hyperuricemia]. PMID- 6982798 TI - Pathologic basis of computed tomographic and angiographic findings in a giant ninth nerve neuroma. PMID- 6982799 TI - Demonstration of postural effects and layering by cranial computed tomography. AB - The superb contrast resolution of computed tomography permits visualization of layering of fluid components of varying densities in tumors and hematomas which cannot be observed with conventional radiographic techniques. Layering confirms the fluid nature of a cystic tumor and suggests the possibility of draining the fluid contents in an effort to reduce mass effect. Verification of layering is achieved by noting shifting of the dependent material with axial rotation of the patient. While unusual, this finding is significant because solid tumors occasionally show low densities simulating fluid. The presence of layering of intraventricular of subdural blood implies that the blood is fluid rather than clotted and therefore removal by aspiration will be possible. PMID- 6982800 TI - Mesenteric venous infarction: presenting as upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. PMID- 6982802 TI - Histiocytosis X: a case with nail involvement. PMID- 6982801 TI - Image analysis in critical care medicine. AB - Computer techniques have been developed to image, noninvasively, anatomical structure, vessel blood flow, and physiological and biochemical functions, utilizing a number of physical principles. These devices, though costly, appear to provide sufficient diagnostic benefits to warrant their use in some critical care units. The emergence of x-ray, digital subtraction angiography, ultrasound, emission and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging techniques and their medical applications are described. It is shown that the physical variables measured by these techniques are sensitive to disease conditions and, thus, their incorporation in critical care procedures are likely in the future. PMID- 6982804 TI - [Programming role of basement membranes in development and differentiation]. PMID- 6982805 TI - [Cartagener syndrome. Pathogenesis and therapy]. AB - Kartagener's syndrome (situs inversus totalis, bronchiectasis and sinusitis) was demonstrated in two patients. Electron microscopic investigations of the bronchial epithelium showed an accidental arrangement of ciliary axes, but not the expected lack of dynein arms. In both cases severe disturbance of maturation of spermiogenesis, not noted in this syndrome so far, was observed. Whereas one patient is largely free of symptoms after two operations, the other died after the second operation as a consequence of bronchopleural fistulation and bilateral pneumonic complications. PMID- 6982806 TI - [Treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices. Results of combined medical and endoscopically selective intravascular sclerotherapy]. AB - Combining careful medical preparation with subsequent selective intravascular sclerotherapy, one-year survival rate of patients with bleeding oesophageal varices was increased to 90%. Of 41 patients with bleeding oesophageal varices, class Child A-C, none died of bleeding from the varices within the first year after sclerotherapy. Four patients died within the first year, two from liver failure due to severe alcohol abuse, one from liver failure with terminal primary biliary cirrhosis and one from an undiagnosed bleeding duodenal ulcer. Improved results were obtained by two measures: (1) instead of immediate sclerosing at time of diagnosis, initial arrest of bleeding with a Sengstaken tube and, if necessary, administration of vasopressin and improvement in general status by intensive measures to stabilise the circulation and clotting mechanism; (2) selective radiologically controlled intravascular sclerotherapy with a flexible special endoscope 1-2 days after admission. The particular advantage of selective intravascular sclerosing, though it is complicated, lies in the fact that fundal varices and supplying veins to the stomach can also be sclerosed and severe early as well as late complications are exceedingly rare. PMID- 6982803 TI - Prostaglandin E2 tablets prevent aspirin-induced blood loss in man. AB - A double-blind study was performed to determine the effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) tablets on aspirin-induced blood loss in 20 healthy male volunteers. All subjects took aspirin, and 9 in the control group and 11 in the treatment group received placebo and PGE2 respectively. One tablet of PGE2, 0.5 mg, was given four times daily for five days. Two tablets of unbuffered aspirin (640 mg) were given four times daily for four days commencing one day after the start of the PGE2 or placebo. Fecal blood loss was measured using 51Cr-labeled red cells. There was no significant difference in serum salicylate levels. There was a significant increase in fecal blood loss in control subjects on the third and fourth days on aspirin and for 4 days following aspirin ingestion. In the treatment group, fecal blood loss was prevented by PGE2. PMID- 6982808 TI - African specific phenotypes of alpha-1-antitrypsin. PMID- 6982809 TI - Possible afferent limb immune defect in sarcoid lymphocytes. PMID- 6982807 TI - [Comparative treatment of gastroduodenal haemorrhage with secretin and cimetidine]. AB - In a prospective multicenter study 71 patients with acute, non-arterial gastroduodenal haemorrhage from ulcers or stress lesions were treated alternately with synthetic secretin (Hoe 0690 (n = 35) or with cimetidine (n = 36). Both medications were given by infusion over 48 hours. Prior to commencement of treatment the haemorrhage was verified gastroscopically. During infusion of secretin cessation of hemorrhage was achieved without recurrence in 30 out of the 35 patients within the 48-hour infusion time and in 3 patients with recurrence within the same period. Two patients failed to obtain discontinuation of haemorrhage within the infusion period. Cimetidine led to cessation of haemorrhage without recurrence within 48 hours in 20 out of 3 patients, 3 patients had recurrences. Haemorrhages could not be arrested in 13 patients within the two-day treatment period. Differences between success of treatment among the two groups are significant (P less than 0.01) favouring secretin. PMID- 6982810 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor on collagen synthesis in osteoblastic cells derived from newborn mouse calvaria. AB - We investigated the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on collagen and protein synthesis in clone MC3T30-E1, a cell line which retains osteoblast-like characteristics. EGF at concentrations of 2-50 ng/ml significantly the hydroxyproline content of the cell layer. These effects were completely abolished by the addition of anti-EGF rabbit serum. The addition of indomethacin did not affect these EGF-induced effects. Collagen fiber formation was also reduced by EGF; a fine and unstriated type of fibril was detected compared to the typical cross-striated fibrils seen in control cultures. EGF at concentrations of 2-50 ng/ml significantly decreased collagen synthesis in the cells, whereas protein synthesis was rather stimulated. Thus, the proportion of collagen to protein synthesized decreased markedly with increasing concentrations of EGF. Unrelated to its effect on collagen synthesis, EGF at concentrations of 0.4-50 ng/ml significantly increased the activity of prolyl hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of collagen. Since the plasma concentration of EGF in humans is sufficiently high to cause the observed effect, osteoblasts in vivo may be responsive to this peptide in the same manner as those observed in vitro. PMID- 6982813 TI - Endoscopic haemostasis by injection-therapy in high-risk patients. AB - The diagnosis of an upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be clarified quickly and reliably by emergency endoscopy. It would seem reasonable to make this efficient diagnostic approach available for therapy in order to stop the bleeding. Over a period of 2 1/2 years, we discovered an active bleeding or several recurrences during emergency endoscopy in 36 patients with a high operative risk. In these cases we attempted local haemostasis by sclerosing injections. Most patients had signs of shock at the time of admission. The average haemoglobin level was 7:42 g/100 ml, the average blood requirement was 4,4 units in the first 24 hours. 12 patients had stress lesions, 19 patients important factors militating against an operation, namely age and serious primary diseases, 5 patients had other risk factors. In 33 out of 36 patients (91.9%) haemostasis was accomplished during endoscopy. In 7 patients recurrences occurred, 3 bleeds were arrested by a repeated sclerosing. Thus definitive haemostasis was achieved in 29 patients (80.6%). We believe that it is justified to attempt endoscopic sclerotherapy in high-risk patients before undertaking an emergency operation. PMID- 6982811 TI - Androgen-controlled subcellular distribution of its receptor in the rat epididymis: 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone-induced translocation is blocked by antiandrogens. PMID- 6982812 TI - In vitro formation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites in endometrium: dependence on the hormonal status of the rat. AB - Rat myometrial tissue and endometrial cells were incubated with labeled 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 ([3H-26,27] 25OHD3) for 70 min at 37 C, and the resulting metabolites were isolated by sequential Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Two peaks more polar than 25OHD3 were present on the Sephadex LH-20 chromatograms. One of these metabolites had an identical chromatographic behavior on three different HPLC systems and an identical sensitivity to periodate cleavage as biosynthetic [3H-26,27] 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 ([3H-26,27]24,25-(OH)2D3]. The in vitro production of this putative 24,25-(OH)2D3 was significantly higher in castrated animals than in normal adult rats. Treatment of rats with 17 beta-estradiol and/or medroxyprogesterone acetate reversed the effect of ovariectomy on 25OHD3 conversion. The in vitro production of the putative 24,25-(OH)2D3 was low during the estrous cycle and the initial stage of pregnancy. A dramatic increase in its production was observed on days 12 and 14 of pregnancy. 25OHD3 conversion was higher in endometrium than in myometrium under every experimental condition tested. These results demonstrate the ability of rat uterine tissue to convert 25OHD3 into more polar derivatives in vitro, and show the influence of the hormonal status of the rat on this in vitro capacity. PMID- 6982814 TI - H-2-restricted T-B cell interactions involved in polyspecific B cell responses mediated by soluble antigen. PMID- 6982815 TI - Age-related alterations of the lymphocyte population in the thymus of (NZB x SJL)F1 mice: analysis by flow cytofluorometry. AB - (NZB x SJL)F1 (NS) female mice develop a marked hypertrophy of the thymus in the course of aging. The age-dependent evolution of the intrathymic lymphocyte population of these mice was monitored in comparison with that of the immunologically normal BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains. The expression of several lymphocyte markers on the surface of the thymic cells was quantitated using single- and two-color flow cytofluorometry analysis. Two main cell types could thus be identified in the thymus of 3-month-old mice: a major subset of bright Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2+, bright peanut agglutinin (PNA)+ lymphocytes and a minor subset of dull Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2-, dull PNA+ lymphocytes. In BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, the frequencies of these cell types did not significantly vary between 3 and 18 months of age, despite a drop of thymic cellularity. In contrast, in NS female mice the proportion as well as the absolute number of dull Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2-, dull PNA+ cells increased while those of bright Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2+, bright PNA+ cells diminished during the same period. The emergence of new cell types could also be noted in the thymus of aging NS female mice. Thus, in addition to the appearance of dull PNA+, Lyt-2+ cells and of bright PNA+ cells devoid of T cell markers, there was a high frequency of non-T cells bearing surface immunoglobulin, Ia antigen and receptors for Fc. These data indicate that the thymic hypertrophy of NS female mice reflects the intrathymic accumulation of large numbers of phenotypically mature T and B cells. Such alterations were not detectable in NS male mice. PMID- 6982816 TI - Immune recognition of tumor cells in vivo. I. Role of H-2 gene products in T lymphocyte activation against minor histocompatibility antigens displayed by adenocarcinoma cells. AB - Challenges from ADK-1t adenocarcinoma cells of BALB/c (H-2d, Mlsb) mouse origin are rejected by DBA/2 (H-2d, Mlsa) mice on the basis of differences in a limited number of minor histocompatibility antigens. This T lymphocyte-dependent reaction is highly specific, and efficiently triggered only by Ia+ leukocytes infiltrating the tumor mass. ADK-1t challenges depleted of Ia+ infiltrating BALB/c leukocytes grow and kill DBA/2 mice, whereas the simultaneous injection of Ia+-inactivated BALB/c leukocytes induces tumor rejection. The expression of Mlsb-incompatible determinants on the Ia+ BALB/c leukocyte membrane is irrelevant in the induction of this efficient T lymphocyte reaction against BALB/c minor histocompatibility antigens. By contrast, a critical requirement is H-2 matching between the Ia+ leukocytes and the recipient mice at the inductive phase of the reaction. PMID- 6982817 TI - In vitro studies on the immune regulatory role of complement receptors (C3) present on human B lymphocytes. PMID- 6982818 TI - Use of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody to P3-X63Ag8 myeloma protein for analysis and purification of B lymphocyte hybridoma products. PMID- 6982819 TI - B cell subpopulations in the mouse: analysis with monoclonal antibodies NIM-R2 and NIM-R3. AB - Two rat monoclonal antibodies, NIM-R2 and NIM-R3, have been produced using the rat myeloma line 210RCY3-Ag1.2.3 and spleen cells from Lou rats immunized with mouse spleen cell plasma membrane or cells. The antibodies identify nonoverlapping populations of surface Ig-positive cells in the spleen and a large (95%) proportion of bone marrow cells. Both recognize differentiation antigens in that the surface representation of the markers changes during the development of the cell. The NIM-R3 specificity does not appear until three weeks of age in both the spleen and bone marrow and may be on a more mature set of cells. In contrast, the NIM-R2 antibody, which stains the pre-B cell line 70Z/3 and binds to neonatal cells, may recognize pre-B cells in the bone marrow. There was no clear-cut correlation between the presence or absence of surface IgM, surface IgD or complement receptors on B cells positive or negative for either NIM-R2 or NIM-R3. Most interesting was the finding of identical total surface Ig densities on cells which stained weakly or strongly with NIM-R2, since these two B cell subpopulations are shown to be enriched for memory and virgin B cells, respectively. To bias the production of monoclonal antibodies to distinct populations of cells, the immunogen for the NIM-R3 fusion was depleted of cells strongly reactive with NIM-R2. This method is of general applicability in the production of monoclonal antibodies to complementary populations of cells. PMID- 6982821 TI - Recognition of self, balance of growth and competition: horizontal networks regulate immune responsiveness. PMID- 6982820 TI - Human cytotoxic T cell structures associated with expression of cytolysis. I. Analysis at the clonal cell level of the cytolysis-inhibiting effect of 7 monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) derived from BALB/c mice immunized with human anti HLA-A2 cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were screened for their ability to block, in the absence of complement, the cytolytic activity of the immunizing CTL clone. Eight cytolysis-inhibiting mAb have been derived. One of these was directed against a monomorphic determinant expressed on HLA-class I molecules and thus probably inhibited cytolysis via a target cell antigen-masking effect. The 7 other mAb recognized "CTL function-associated structures" and did not have to interfere with target cell antigens in order to inhibit cytolysis. F(ab')2 and Fab fragments of these 7 mAb were also inhibitory. Competitive inhibition of binding and preliminary biochemical analysis suggested that these 7 mAb defined on cloned CTL various epitopes of a structure of 30 kDa disulfide-bonded into several multimeric forms when analyzed without reduction. The inhibitory effect of these 7 mAb has been investigated on a series of short-term (1 month) and long term (greater than 10 months) expanded cloned CTL lines derived in vitro from an in vivo allosensitized individual exhibiting various specificities. Unexpectedly, only 10% of these CTL clones were inhibited. Flow cytofluorimetric analysis further revealed that noninhibited and inhibited CTL clones expressed similar amounts of the 30-kDa structure. Consequently, the inhibition of CTL was heterogeneous when analyzed at the clonal level and not simply related to the presence or absence of this structure. Furthermore, the ability of CTL clones to be inhibited appeared to be unrelated to their HLA-A, B or C specificity or to their lytic activity. The connections between this mAb-defined structure and CTL function are discussed. PMID- 6982822 TI - Development and continuous growth in culture of interleukin 2-producer lymphocytes from athymic nu/nu mice. AB - Splenocytes of nu/nu mice treated with serum thymic factor (FTS) for 3 or more days followed by stimulation with either phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or concanavalin A (Con A) produced interleukin 2 (IL 2) as determined in two indicator systems, namely, support of growth of IL 2-dependent T cells and promotion of Con A-initiated mitogenesis of thymocytes. However, neither mitogens nor FTS alone could induce nude mice cells to product IL 2. Supernatants derived from the tumor cell line WEHI-3 (WEHI-3 conditioned media) induced and supported continuous growth in culture of Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1+2- lymphocytes from athymic nude mice capable of producing IL 2 after their stimulation by either PMA or Con A. The growth of these IL 2-producer cell lines strickly depends on the presence of WEHI-3 conditioned media, as in the absence of it they die 24-48 h later. In addition, WEHI-3 conditioned media have been supporting the growth of IL 2 producer cell lines derived from nude mice for 3 1/2 months. The helper factor contained in WEHI-3 conditioned media responsible for the above biological activity has an apparent mol. wt. of approximately 40 000 as determined by Sephadex G-100 chromatography and lacks IL 1 and IL 2 activities, but efficiently supports the growth of IL 2-producer cells derived from nude mice and the peripheral blood of normal human volunteers. These results indicate that the helper factor in WEHI-3 conditioned media which enables the generation and continuous proliferation in culture of IL 2-producer cells in nude mice is distinct from interleukin 1, IL 2 and FTS (mol. wt. 864). Finally, the possibly functional relationship of FTS and the helper factor produced by WEHI-3 cells is discussed. PMID- 6982823 TI - De novo purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis during thymocyte concanavalin A stimulation. PMID- 6982824 TI - Growth of mouse mammary gland end buds cultured in a collagen gel matrix. PMID- 6982825 TI - Expression of human histocompatibility antigens on the surface of murine cells transformed by cosmid clones containing HLA genes. PMID- 6982826 TI - Role of intracellular degradation of epidermal growth factor in mitogenesis. AB - Addition of leupeptin, methylamine and the antitubulin agent nocodazole did not affect the initial rate of association of 125I-labelled epidermal growth factor (125I-EGF) to Swiss mouse 3T3 fibroblast cells in vitro, but continued incubation with these drugs (up to 24 h) led to an increase in cell-associated radioactivity in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Combinations of these drugs caused additive increments in cell-associated and internalized radioactivity. Throughout the incubation period, 81-89% of the cell-associated 125I-EGF was internalized. Upon incubation of 125I-EGF with 3T3 cells in the presence or absence of the three inhibitors of degradation for periods of up to 24 h, and after removal of the surface-bound material, the internalized 125I-EGF was extracted and 42-53% was found to biochemically intact (by acid precipitation) and 56-65% was antigenically similar to native EGF (using double antibody immunoprecipitation in an EGF radioimmunoassay). The extracted internalized 125I-EGF was capable of binding to fresh 3T3 cells. Despite causing a similar increase in intact internalized 125I-EGF, leupeptin did not interfere with and nocodazole alone or in combination with leupeptin markedly enhanced EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis, whereas methylamine inhibited mitogenesis. These data indicate a dissociation between EGF degradation and DNA synthesis, and are not consistent with the hypothesis that intracellular degradation of EGF is necessary for its mitogenic effects. PMID- 6982827 TI - A rapid, single step technique for determination of B and T cell surface markers in malignant lymphoid cells. AB - The immunological classification of lymphocytic subpopulations has become increasingly important in the treatment of hematologic malignancy. In the present study, the standard techniques for the identification of subsets of both normal and malignant lymphocytes were compared to a new one step procedure for the simultaneous assessment and identification of cells with T or B cell surface markers. With this new technique, cells with T lymphocyte markers form SRBC rosettes and cells with B lymphocyte markers form bead rosettes after incubation with microspheres coated with an anti-immunoglobulin antibody. In the present study, analysis of patient material using this simultaneous marker method produced results similar to standard techniques. In addition, the simultaneous E rosette and immunobead method for detection of lymphocyte subpopulations permits direct examination of cell morphology, is easier to perform, and does not require fluorescence microscopy. PMID- 6982828 TI - Macrophages in the omentum: effects of drugs and pertussis vaccine evaluated by a simple weight assay. PMID- 6982829 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological activity of N-(dialkylaminoethyl)amides and dialkylaminoethyl esters of alpha-(arylamino)phenylacetic acids]. AB - A series of N-(dialkylaminoethyl) amides and (dialkylaminoethyl) esters of alpha (arylamino) phenylacetic acids were synthesized. For several amidic derivatives pharmacological screening showed appreciable analgesic antiinflammatory and sedative activity, whereas some esteric derivatives displayed significant antispasmodic activity. PMID- 6982830 TI - Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 5-aryl-2-amino-1,3,4 oxa(thia)diazoles. AB - Three series of 5-aryl-2-amino or 2-amino substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (IV XVIII) were prepared together with the corresponding series of the analogous 5 aryl-2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (XIX-XXXIII). The purpose of this work is two fold: to study their pharmacological action in relation to the substituents bound to the positions -2 and -5, and to observe whether the isosteric substitution of the oxygen of he oxadiazolic nucleus with the sulfur leading to a thiadiazolic nucleus causes any activity variation. The AA. report and discuss the results obtained studying the antifungal as well as the antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity of the synthetized compounds. PMID- 6982832 TI - Human hybridoma cells produced by electro-fusion. PMID- 6982831 TI - The nucleotide sequence of a cloned cDNA corresponding to one of the gamma crystallins from the eye lens of the frog Rana temporaria. PMID- 6982833 TI - Structure and function of membrane complement receptors. Summary. PMID- 6982834 TI - [Serum factors of the inhibition and stimulation of mastocyte-lymphocyte rosette formation]. PMID- 6982835 TI - T-cell hybrids. III. Low tumorigenicity of hybrid cells derived from fusion of high tumorigenic (BW5147 X EL-4R) cell lines. AB - Tumorigenicity of two thymic lymphoma cell lines BW5147 (H-2k/H-2k; HGPRT-) and EL-4R (H-2b/H-2b; TK-) was compared with that of their hybrid cell line BH2 (H 2k/H-2k x H-2b/H-2b; HGPRT+; TK+). Tumour inocula from the parental and hybrid cell lines grew in syngeneic but not allogeneic recipients; the possible admixture of the revertant parental cells (BW5147HGPRT+, EL-4RTK+) in the hybrid cell population was, according to the transplantation tests, lower than 10(-4). The tumorigenicity of the hybrid cell line BH2 in the (B10 X AKR)F1 hybrid recipients was substantially lower than the tumorigenicity of the parental cell lines in both semisyngeneic (B10 X AKR)F1 and syngeneic mice. PMID- 6982836 TI - [A study on the metabolic pathway of pregnancy specific beta 1- glycoprotein (SP1). Report 2. The purification of SP1 from human placenta and the tissue distribution and excretion of 125 I-labeled SP1 in the mouse]. PMID- 6982837 TI - Lupus vulgaris: demonstration of circulating and tissue-bound immune complexes. PMID- 6982838 TI - Cytoplasmic free [Ca2+] in very small intact cells. PMID- 6982839 TI - A comparative SEM study of the lungs of some lower vertebrates with particular reference to the condition of their surface lining following different treatments. PMID- 6982840 TI - Significance of haemorrhages in central parts of the tongue found in the medicolegal autopsy. AB - The tongue was examined for the presence of haemorrhages in 264 medicolegal autopsy cases. The tongue was sectioned transversely and examined macroscopically and microscopically. Haemorrhages were found in marginal and/or central parts of the tongue in 104 cases. Among them, 28 cases showed haemorrhages in central parts of the tongue. Those haemorrhages in central parts of the tongue were seen only in cases of severe 'congestive death'. The possibility must therefore be considered of a severe 'asphyxial death', if haemorrhages are found in central parts of the tongue during autopsy. PMID- 6982841 TI - [Non-steroidal antirheumatic agents - questions of the clinician to the pharmacologist]. AB - The problems of clinical application and effects of the non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs have been critically described and pointed at known pharmacological data and clinical publications. Especially still not sufficiently examined connections are emphasized, because their examination could contribute to an aimed use of the antirheumatic drugs. Furthermore the existing declarations concerning the clinical efficacy and the comparison of the effects are critically discussed with regard to their validity. Suitable presuppositions for subsequent trials and for the interpretation of their results are given. PMID- 6982842 TI - [Transsynovial kinetics and correlation of dosage and effect of non-steroidal anti-rheumatic agents]. AB - For NSAID's the clinical evidence of their efficacy is evaluated empirically employing tedious procedures. For diclofenac, indometacin and piroxicam proposals for a more rational procedure of their dose-response relationship determination are discussed. Preclinical data regarding the prostaglandin inhibition are correlated with pharmacokinetic parameters of target-tissue concentrations. In the range of inhibitory drug concentrations in the synovial fluid an antiinflammatory and analgesic effect can be established clinically. Studies on transsynovial kinetics of NSAID's therefore should supply appropriate evidence for an approach to their therapeutic regimen in clinical dose finding studies. PMID- 6982843 TI - [Stomach tolerance of non-steroid anti-rheumatic agents. Studies on gastric irritation caused by carprofen in comparison with acetylsalicyclic acid, indomethacin, piroxicam, and diclofenac]. AB - This is the report of a study on the new non-steroidal antiphlogistic substance Carprofen. In this comparative study Carprofen was tested versus acetylsalicylic acid, Indomethacin, Piroxicam and Diclofenac using the gastric irritation model, by means of a non invasive technique of measuring the gastric transmural potential difference. The study was carried out on a group of 10 healthy male volunteers and led to the following results: The most marked irritation was observed after administration of acetylsalicylic acid followed by Indomethacin. The lowest values of the relevant parameters concerning the gastric irritation were measured after the administration of Carprofen. The differences between acetylsalicylic acid and Indomethacin, and between Indomethacin and the other nonsteroidal substances which were tested could be proven statistically. There was no difference between Piroxicam, Diclofenac and Carprofen that could be proven statistically, nevertheless Carprofen showed the lowest irritation potency of the three non-steroidal antiphlogistics tested. PMID- 6982844 TI - Myocardial revascularization. PMID- 6982846 TI - Surgical excision of left ventricular aneurysm: experience with 18 consecutive cases. PMID- 6982845 TI - Comparative analysis of myocardial protection technique by cold anoxic arrest versus cold cardioplegia during coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6982848 TI - Scabies: survey and clinical trial. PMID- 6982847 TI - An analysis of T lymphocyte subsets in tumour-transplanted mice on the basis of Lyt antigenic markers and functions. PMID- 6982850 TI - Lymphocytic characterization in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6982849 TI - Resistance to cell-mediated cytotoxicity is correlated with reduction of H-2K gene products in AKR leukemia. AB - AKR leukemia cell lines differing in the amount of H-2K and H-2D antigens expressed on the cell surface were used to assess cell-mediated immune responses in syngeneic mice against Gross/AKR murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-induced tumors. Leukemic cells with reduced expression of H-2Kk antigens were inactive as inducers of Gross-MuLV/H-2k-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and resistant to lysis by CTL raised against H-2Kk positive AKR leukemia cells. H-2Kk positive leukemias induced cytotoxic effectors, which upon restimulation in vitro, lysed the stimulating and other H-2Kk positive leukemia cells. In antibody inhibition experiments, T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity to these leukemias could only be inhibited by antisera and monoclonal antibodies specific for the H-2Kk antigens. Due to this specific role of H-2Kk antigens in T-cell cytotoxicity to Gross/AKR MuLV-induced tumors, reduced expression of H-2Kk antigens on spontaneous AKR leukemic cells could have important implications for surveillance of these neoplastic cells. PMID- 6982853 TI - T-lymphocyte mediated response in conjunctiva and cornea (an experimental study). PMID- 6982851 TI - Heterogeneity of murine B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6982852 TI - Mutagenicity of N-nitroso compounds formed by the reaction of sulpyrine with nitrite; effects of cysteine and its derivatives. AB - Cysteine and its derivatives were tested for their effect on the mutagenic activities of nitrosation products of sulpyrine, 1-diketo-butyryl-1-phenyl-2 methyl-2-nitrosohydrazide hydrate (DPMN) and 4-(N-methyl-N nitroso)aminoantipyrine (MNAA), using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The addition of cysteine, cysteamine, cysteine methyl ester, glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol and homocysteine to the mixture of DPMN and bacteria before pre-incubation markedly increased the mutagenic activity of DPMN in the absence of rat-liver microsomal preparation (S9 mix). An approximately thirty-fold increase in the number of revertants was caused by the addition of cysteine at a concentration of 3 mmol/1. Studies of the structure-activity relationship suggest that a thiol group is necessary in order that the compounds exhibit the enhancing effect and that the thiol compounds having an amino group at the beta-position are more active than the others. Both cysteine and glutathione were rather inhibitory in the development of mutagenesis by MNAA in the presence of S9 mix. PMID- 6982855 TI - Breast feeding practices in different residential, economic and educational groups. PMID- 6982857 TI - Health sub-centres and child health (part I). PMID- 6982854 TI - Systemic septrin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of corneal ulcers. (A comparative clinical trial). PMID- 6982856 TI - Evaluation of tuberculin test in pediatric practice. PMID- 6982858 TI - Health sub-centres and child health (part II). PMID- 6982859 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute spinal injuries. AB - Twenty out of 365 patients (5.5 per cent) with acute spinal cord injuries referred to a spinal ward over a 91/2-year period bled from the gastrointestinal tract. A cause of the haemorrhage was found in 15 patients. Six patients were endoscoped. Most patients had gastroduodenal ulceration but we could not be certain whether this was due to stress or peptic ulceration. We did not confirm that cervical cord lesions were associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. The 4 patients who died probably represent an "inevitable' mortality in severely ill patients. The role of endoscopy is outlined, the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal ulceration discussed and future management of these patients is suggested. PMID- 6982860 TI - Humoral and cellular responses of mice to infection with a cold-adapted influenza A virus variant. AB - The serum antibody response and four different cellular immune responses (cytotoxic T cells, delayed-type hypersensitivity T cells, natural killer cells, and cytotoxic macrophage levels) induced in CBA/H mice were measured at different times after intranasal inoculation of a cold-adapted (ca) variant of influenza A virus, influenza virus A/Ann Arbor/6/60-ca, or the parental virus, influenza virus A/Ann Arbor/6/60. At the highest dose of virus inoculated (5 log10 50% tissue culture infective doses), all four cellular responses reached high levels in the lungs of both groups of mice, and serum antibody titers were detected on day 20 after inoculation of either virus. However, whereas extensive replication of the parental virus occurred in the mouse lungs, very limited replication of the ca variant was observed. Macroscopically, infection with the parental virus caused gross lung damage, whereas such damage was almost absent in mice inoculated with the ca variant. Inoculation of 2 to 5 log10 50% tissue culture infective doses of the parental virus induced high cytotoxic T-cell responses, whereas only the highest dose of the ca variant caused a clearly significant cytotoxic T-cell response. As an inoculum of 5 log10 50% tissue culture infective doses of the ca variant caused a substantial primary immune response without appreciable lung damage, the avirulence of the ca variant may be primarily related to its limited ability to replicate productively in mouse lungs. PMID- 6982861 TI - Killing of measles virus-infected cells by human cytotoxic T cells. AB - Lymphocytes from normal individuals were tested for the capacity to generate measles virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses after in vitro stimulation with measles virus. Approximately 12% (5 of 40) of the normal adults tested produced significant cytotoxic responses. The cytotoxic response was measles virus specific both at the level of stimulation and at the effector level. Studies of the specificity of cytotoxic effectors from five normal donors by direct lysis or cold target inhibition or both indicated that most, if not all, of the virus specific activity was self-specific. A detailed analysis of one donor (W6) indicated that measles-specific cytotoxicity was largely HLA-A and -B restricted; unexplained cross-reactive lysis was observed with some targets, but this lysis appeared to be HLA related, since all of the targets expressed HLA-B12. An analysis of the cellular requirements for the production of measles-immune cytotoxic T lymphocytes demonstrated that T cells and macrophages (depleted of natural killer and K cells) were sufficient for the generation of killer cells. Most of the cytotoxic effector activity was mediated by OKT3+ OKT4- OKT8+ cells. PMID- 6982862 TI - Modulation of mitogen-induced proliferation of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes by human alveolar macrophages. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of cocultivation of T-cell enriched human peripheral blood lymphocytes with autologous alveolar macrophages on mitogen-induced proliferation as determined by [(3)H]thymidine uptake. Cells obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy and saline bronchial lavage from 14 normal volunteers were enriched for macrophages by adherence in plastic dishes for 1 h in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Nonadherent mononuclear cells were prepared from heparinized venous blood after Ficoll Hypaque sedimentation by passage over nylon wool columns. T-cell-enriched populations were incubated with and without alveolar macrophages, either in the presence or absence of phytohemagglutinin. In these experiments, the number of lymphocytes was held constant (10(5) per well), while the number of alveolar macrophages was varied (0.1 x 10(5) to 4.0 x 10(5) per well). Alveolar macrophages generally tended to stimulate phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphoproliferation at lymphocyte/macrophage ratios of 10:1 but consistently and significantly suppressed proliferation at ratios which approach those usually observed in recovered human bronchial lavage fluid, namely, 1:4. The suppressive effect of alveolar macrophages was observed as early as 48 h after culture initiation, while the magnitude of suppression increased with time. Suppression did not appear to be due to alteration in lymphocyte viability, nor was it sensitive to indomethacin. These results indicate that human alveolar macrophages can modulate the in vitro proliferative response of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes. This observation may have relevance to interactions between alveolar macrophages and bronchial lymphocytes in the human lung in vivo. PMID- 6982864 TI - In vitro studies on the adjuvanticity of Brucella fractions. AB - Two Brucella fractions, the murein-linked fraction PI and the murein-free fraction SF, behave as in vitro adjuvants for primary anti-sheep erythrocyte responses: added to Mishell and Dutton-type cultures of spleen cells from B6/DB F1 mice they significantly enhance the number of direct anti-sheep erythrocyte PFC observed on day 5. They exert both nonspecific, polyclonal activating effects and antigen-dependent specific adjuvanticity. These two functions, however, differ in their dose responses and in their cellular requirements and can therefore be dissociated. Thus, polyclonal activation requires high doses of the "adjuvant fraction," is enhanced by adherent-cell depletion, and is not impaired by T-cell depletion. Specific adjuvanticity, on the other hand, requires lower doses of the adjuvant fractions (very high doses are in fact suppressive) and is T-cell and adherent-cell dependent. Moreover, adjuvanticity can be transferred to unstimulated spleen cells (or restored in adherent-cell-depleted populations) by PI- or SF-stimulated adherent cells or by the filtered supernatants of such cultures; adjuvant-soluble factors are therefore involved in the phenomena of adherent, T- and B-cell cooperation required for the adjuvanticity of Brucella fractions. PMID- 6982863 TI - Toxoplasmosis in immunoglobulin M-suppressed mice. AB - Mice challenged with a pathogenic strain of Toxoplasma gondii develop fatal infections. However, if such mice are initially treated with sulfadiazine (SD), they develop immunity and survive with chronic infections. The role of antibody (Ab) in establishing protective immunity against acute parasitemias and in maintaining chronic infections was investigated using B-cell-deficient (immunoglobulin M-suppressed), T-cell-deficient (athymic), and normal BALB/c mice. All mice not receiving SD treatment rapidly died (mean 7.5 days) after infection, but the majority (80%) of intact mice developed immunity during SD treatment and survived for over 5 months with chronic toxoplasmosis. Athymic mice rapidly died (mean 6.0 days) after the removal of SD treatment. Although all SD treated immunoglobulin M-suppressed mice eventually died, they lived considerably longer (18 to 83 days) in the complete absence of antitoxoplasma Ab than unprotected mice (7 to 9 days). Histopathological sections of liver, lung, brain, and other tissues showed that toxoplasma organisms gave rise to fatal lesions in all nonsurviving animals. The injection of Ab into acutely infected and athymic mice imparted no protection, but transfer of antitoxoplasma Ab (titer greater than 1:8,000) to immunoglobulin M-suppressed mice after SD treatment resulted in elimination of the parasites in 50% of the mice. Results of this study suggest that Ab may not be decisive in acute infections, but may be important in controlling long-term toxoplasmosis. PMID- 6982865 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward measles virus-infected target cells in randomly bred Syrian hamsters. AB - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) toward measles virus-infected cells was studied by a (51)Cr release assay with spleen cells from hamsters inoculated with measles virus (strain Lec) or control antigen and with spleen cells from normal hamsters. Spleen cells from measles virus-inoculated hamsters showed greater CMC toward infected than toward noninfected target cells (designated specific CMC). Specific CMC was maximal 7 days after virus inoculation and was declining by 9 to 10 days. Effector cells were present in a nonadherent cell population. Specific CMC was reduced after treatments of effector cells with antithymocyte serum plus complement. The decrease in cytotoxicity was greater toward infected target cells than toward noninfected target cells. Treatment of infected target cells with antimeasles serum did not increase specific CMC by effector cells from the majority of virus-inoculated hamsters. CMC toward infected target cells by normal spleen cells (natural killer cells) or spleen cells from hamsters inoculated with control antigen was approximately the same as, or more often less than, CMC toward noninfected target cells. Natural killer cells were present in a nonadherent cell population. Treatment of natural killer cells with antithymocyte serum plus complement caused a similar decrease in cytotoxicity toward both infected and noninfected target cells. This study demonstrated virus-specific cellular cytotoxicity of effector spleen cells from measles virus-inoculated hamsters. Although the data were compatible with T cells as the source of effector cells in the virus-specific CMC, definitive identification could not be made. Additional membrane markers for better characterization of hamster lymphocyte subpopulations are required. PMID- 6982866 TI - Infant rat model of attenuation for recombinant influenza viruses prepared from cold-adapted attenuated A/Ann Arbor/6/60. AB - The pathogenicity of 6 wild-type influenza A viruses and 21 recombinant strains prepared from wild-type viruses and cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 virus for infant rats was determined. Thus, the titers of virus present in the turbinates and lungs of virus-infected animals was measured serially for 5 days after intranasal infection, and the ability of virus strains to promote subsequent systemic bacterial infection by Haemophilus influenzae was measured at 48 h after virus infection. The results obtained were assessed with reference to the genetic constitution of the virus strains and to virus virulence for volunteers. The results showed that virulent viruses grew to relatively high titers in rat turbinates and significantly promoted systemic infection by H. influenzae. In contrast, attenuated strains grew to lower titers and failed to promote systemic H. influenzae infection. For the strains tested, the results showed clear differences for attenuated and virulent strains, and the model was a reliable indication of virulence for humans. Although the virulent strains tended to grow to higher titers in rat lungs than did attenuated strains, exceptions were found, and this measurement could not reliably discriminate virulent and attenuated virus strains. The results suggest that infant rats can be used to assess the virulence of cold-adapted recombinant influenza virus strains, and thus, they can facilitate the development of such strains for vaccine production. PMID- 6982869 TI - Mechanism of depletion of T lymphocytes from the spleen of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Marked changes in the splenic lymphocyte populations during murine infection with Listeria monocytogenes were observed histologically and quantitated by the immunofluorescence of Thy-1+ immunoglobulin (Ig-) (T) and Ig+ (B) cells. Cells were depleted from the T-dependent areas of the spleen, and the number of T cells in suspensions prepared from spleens of mice 1 to 3 days after primary or secondary infection were less than 1/10 of normal. High numbers of alcohol-killed Listeria sp. did not cause any depletion. Depletion was not prevented by adrenalectomy. Although injected radiolabeled T cells distributed normally between spleen, liver, lymph node, and gut in infected mice, there appeared to be a barrier to their entry into depleted T-dependent areas of the spleen. Evidence for the destruction of T cells, but not of B cells, in the infected mouse spleen was obtained. PMID- 6982868 TI - Capacity of influenza virus-monoclonal antibody mixtures to stimulate memory and cytotoxic T lymphocyte populations. AB - The magnitude of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in both immunologically naive mice and in mice primed with a serologically non-cross-reactive influenza A virus was greatly diminished if the virus used for challenge was first incubated with excess hemagglutinin-specific monoclonal antibody. However, the level of T cell stimulation was, when compared with virus stocks that are simply diluted, greater than would be expected from the infectivity titer remaining after exposure to the monoclonal antibody. Also, mice given mixtures of virus and monoclonal antibody were primed for a secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, the frequency of memory T cells being approximately fourfold lower than that found for animals injected with virus alone. The possibility that such virus antibody mixtures might be of value for immunization is worth further investigation. PMID- 6982870 TI - Recovery from T cell depletion during murine listeriosis and effect on a T dependent antibody response. AB - During the infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes, there is a profound depletion of T (Thy-1+ Ig-) lymphocytes between days 1 and 4, followed by an increase in T cells to three times normal levels by day 9. The recovery of T cell numbers required cell proliferation, being sensitive to vinblastin and cyclophosphamide. Adult thymectomy 6 months before infection had no effect on recovery. The repopulating cells were no more sensitive than normal T cells to hydrocortisone. B lymphocytes (Ig+ cells) and null (Thy-1-Ig-) cells increased from day 1 after the injection of either live or (in contrast to T cells) killed Listeria organisms. Their increase was inhibited by vinblastin and cyclophosphamide. Despite T cell depletion, no depression of the antibody response to the T-dependent antigen, sheep erythrocytes, occurred during infection or when spleen cells were adoptively transferred from infected mice to irradiated recipients. PMID- 6982871 TI - Effector mechanisms in the spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis of obese strain (OS) chickens: analysis of cytotoxic cells. AB - Different forms of cellular cytotoxicity that may constitute potential effector mechanisms in the spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) arising in Obese strain (OS) chickens have been investigated. A microcytotoxicity assay (MCA) employing 51Cr-labelled-, thyroglobulin (Tg) coated-chicken red blood cells (Tg CRBC) was used to detect cells mediating Tg-specific direct cellular cytotoxicity (DCC). Tg-CRBC presensitized with anti-Tg autoantibody (Tg-AAB) obtained from high titer OS sera served as targets for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Tannic acid-only treated CRBC (TA-CRBC) were used simultaneously as specificity controls for DCC and also as targets for cells eliciting spontaneous cellular cytotoxicity (SCC) to surface-modified normal cells. The results demonstrated that Tg-specific cytotoxic cells exist in the OS and thus represent an effector mechanism in SAT, in addition to the previously well-documented role of antibody. This DCC appears to be unrelated to the presence and titer of circulating Tg-AAb. It is present in highest levels in the peripheral blood of OS chickens, but in only 55% of the animals tested, indicating either a secondary importance to humoral immunity in the disease process or the possibility of different effector mechanisms prevailing in different birds. There were no overall differences in ADCC between OS and normal chickens when the two strains were considered as a whole. Chronological analysis, however, revealed very low ADCC in the peripheral blood of young OS birds, followed by a later elevation above that in the normal control chickens. Destruction of the gland by ADCC may be initiated via maternally-derived of in situ-produced anti-Tg antibody. No overall significant differences in SCC were observed between OS and normal chickens. PMID- 6982867 TI - Role of macrophages in the lymphocyte response to Actinomyces viscosus. AB - Macrophage cooperation has been considered necessary for lymphocytes to express a variety of their differentiated functions. We attempted to characterize macrophage-lymphocyte cooperation in response to a known periodontal pathogen. Actinomyces viscosus T14V. Using adherent murine cells and subpopulations of splenocyte cultures, we assessed the effect of A. viscosus T14V fractions on lymphocyte proliferation. We determined that (i) various fractions of A. viscosus induced different proliferative responses; (ii) the physical state of the A. viscosus component determined the degree of dependence on adherent cells for proliferation; (iii) the proliferative response to supernatants of sonicated A. viscosus involved interaction among adherent cells and T and B cells; and (iv) the effects of adherent cells on the proliferative response were due to cell-to cell interactions. PMID- 6982872 TI - Reduced susceptibility to anti-Fab antibodies of B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We have observed the effects of rabbit F(ab')2 anti-Fab antibodies (a-Fab Ab) on the differentiation of B cells in normal subjects and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained and cultured with or without the addition of a-Fab Ab, and IgG- and IgM-secreting cells were assayed by reverse hemolytic plaque assay after 7 days of culture. In normal subjects, the spontaneous development of IgG- and IgM-secreting cells in the cultures of lymphocytes without pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was markedly suppressed by a-Fab Ab. In patients with SLE, however, the spontaneous development of IgG- and IgM-secreting cells was almost unchanged in the presence of a-Fab Ab. The effects of a-Fab Ab on immunoglobulin production induced by PWM were different in active and inactive SLE. The inhibitory effect of a-Fab Ab on PWM-induced development of IgG- and IgM-secreting cells was observed in normal subjects and inactive SLE patients. In active SLE patients, however, the production of IgG and IgM was not significantly increased by PWM and almost unchanged with the addition of a-Fab Ab. These findings show that B cells in SLE are much less susceptible to a-Fab Ab than normal B cells. PMID- 6982873 TI - Peripheral localisation of an IgE immune response at axillary lymph nodes draining the site of a local parasitic infection. AB - Wistar-Furth rats were infected subcutaneously with L3 larvae of Dipetalonema viteae, filaria of Meriones libycus. Lymph nodes draining the site of immunization contained numerous IgE-staining cells identified as lymphoid cells. In other lymphoid tissues, IgE-staining cells were rare. They were absent in the lamina propria of the small intestine. These data support the view that IgE lymphoid precursors are present in peripheral lymph nodes. PMID- 6982874 TI - Remote-controlled production of [11C]antipyrine. PMID- 6982875 TI - Ototoxicity of tobramycin in humans - influence of renal impairment. AB - The effects of prolonged tobramycin administration (given in repeated injections over a 15-day period) on auditory and vestibular functions were studied in normal subjects, in patients with renal impairment, and in chronic nephritic patients undergoing hemodialysis. With the doses used in this study, the repeated administration of tobramycin resulted in blood accumulation only in the group of patients with renal impairment. In one single case, administration of tobramycin was followed by a transient aggravation of a pre-existing renal impairment. Cochlear and vestibular functions were evaluated before treatment and repeated during and after drug administration. In normal subjects, a dosage of 50 mg/8 h failed to produce cochlear and vestibular dysfunction; but with dosages of 75 mg/8 h and 100 mg/8 h, changes in vestibular reflectivity occurred frequently, mostly of the irritative type. Generally moderate, but quite often slight changes persisted (5 of 10 cases). They were not accompanied by auditory or vestibular clinical signs. In patients with impaired renal function and in those undergoing chronic hemodialysis, vestibular impairment is customary and most often of the deficiency type. Half of the cases still showed detectable changes on follow-up evaluation that was performed 10 days after discontinuation of the drug. PMID- 6982876 TI - In situ characterization of T lymphocyte subsets in leprosy granulomas. PMID- 6982877 TI - Dominant lethal and ovarian effects of plutonium-239 in female mice. AB - In two separate experiments (C3H x 101)F1 female mice were injected intravenously with 239Pu in trisodium citrate, then mated in pairs to strain CBA males, to test for dominant lethality. In the first experiment 10 muCi kg-1 and in the second 20 muCi kg-1 body mass was injected. Matings were after 6 days in the first experiment (estimated ovarian absorbed dose of 0.1 Gy) and after 3, 6 or 12 weeks in the second (estimated ovarian doses of 1.11, 2.45 and 5.91 Gy respectively). No evidence of dominant lethal induction was found in the first experiment, but in the second there was a significant increase over controls in pre-implantation loss in all three series. Post-implantation lethality increased significantly (by 12 per cent) only after 12 weeks' exposure. With the 6- and 12-week exposures (especially the latter) luteal counts fell and fewer females became pregnant than in controls. This is attributed to oocyte killing by the alpha-particles. Histological and autoradiographic investigations showed a marked reduction in ovarian size and follicular numbers with fission-tracks clustered mainly over the medullary stroma. The pre-implantation loss may stem from lowered fertilization of oocytes because of their damage, so that the best measure of dominant lethality is that based on post-implantation death. Thus there is only slight evidence for the induction of genetic damage, which is in line with previous findings after chronic exposures of female mice. PMID- 6982878 TI - Dose-dependence of the time of appearance of lung damage in mice given thoracic irradiation. AB - Male CBA mice were given X-radiation to the thorax in the range 7 to 23 Gy and their response was quantified by measuring ventilation rate and carbon monoxide uptake at intervals up to 2 years thereafter; their survival was also documented. The two functional end-points were similarly sensitive indicators of lung damage. Radiation damage was not observed below 10 Gy. As radiation dose was raised above this level there was a rapid shortening of the time to the appearance of damage and subsequent death. At a dose of 15 Gy the median survival time was 14 weeks but raising the dose above this level only slightly reduced the survival time. The way in which the time of survival after lung damage depends on dose is an important characteristic of the development of radiation-induced lung damage which should be considered when examining factors that may influence the development of radiation-induced lung damage. PMID- 6982879 TI - A kinetic model for the pathogenesis of radiation lung damage. AB - The development of radiation-induced lung damage can be explained by a kinetic model, based on the assumption that this damage becomes manifest only when a critical proportion (K) of essential cells have ceased to function, and that the rate of loss of these cells following irradiation is linear and dose-dependent. The kinetic model relates the surviving fraction to the time to manifestation of radiation-induced lung damage and to constants, K and the cell cycle time, T. Predictions made from the model about the nature of the response to irradiation are, for the most part, fulfilled. The model can also be used to interpret the response to combined treatment with irradiation and cytotoxic drugs, including the much earlier manifestation of lung damage sometimes seen with such treatment. PMID- 6982880 TI - Discrimination of slow growth from non-survival among small colonies of diploid Syrian hamster cells after chromosome damage induced by a range of x-ray doses. AB - Synchronous samples of cultured diploid Syrian hamster cells (BHK 21 C13/A3) were obtained by mitotic selection, transferred to an observation chamber and given a single X-ray dose in the range 0.2 to 3.8 Gy. Each cell's radiation response was followed by visual observations of its progress alive through post-radiation mitosis (M1), and subsequently of its clonogenicity, by methods already published (Grote et al. 1981 a, b; Joshi et al. 1982a). Our recent paper about the same cell samples (Joshi et al. 1982b) showed that the probability of reaching M1 is nearly unity in controls and over the whole dose range (mean greater than 0.99). The present paper describes the clonogenicity of each sample, based on five daily cell counts at the site of each initial cell. The frequency of viable colonies falls from 98 per cent for unirradiated cells to 8 per cent in the 3.8 Gy sample, but the proportion of these which grow slowly rises from 3 to more than 70 per cent. There was substantial overlap in cell numbers reached by larger abortive colonies and smaller slow-growth colonies, and many of the later had not reached 50 cells at the last count at 5 1/2 days. Impaired colony growth (slow growth or stop growth) was strongly correlated with chromosome fragment loss detected as micronuclei in the daughter cells of M1. PMID- 6982881 TI - Gross and cellular response of intestinal crypts to single and fractionated doses of vincristine plus radiation: the influence of time between modalities. AB - The response of intestinal crypts to single doses and four equal, daily fractions of vincristine (VCR) plus gamma-rays, has been measured by the crypt microcolony assay. Measurements were made for VCR given either 7 hours or 1 min before radiation. For the 7-hour interval, fractionating the VCR dose markedly increased the efficacy of the combination treatment. However at 1-min interval, no injury additional to that for gamma-rays alone could be demonstrated, with either one or four fractions. Histopathological studies showed that both VCR and gamma-rays alone caused cell death, but with different distributions in the crypt. For combined treatments, both VCR-and gamma-type damage could be recognized with the 7-hour interval, but at 1 min only gamma damage. It is suggested that mitotic delay induced by radiation may permit the repair of injury caused by simultaneously-delivered VCR. PMID- 6982882 TI - DNA double strand breaks in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells at low doses of x-rays. I. Determination of induced breaks by centrifugation at reduced speed. AB - DNA double strand breaks (dsb) were determined in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells at doses down to 5 Gy. The method is based on the separation of DNA from other components by heating in a solution of pronase and detergents held in wide-mouth syringes, which were also used to facilitate the application of the released high molecular weight DNA to sucrose gradients. Purified DNA was sedimented in neutral sucrose gradients at low speed to reduce speed artifacts. The sedimentation profiles were analysed using a computer program and the number of dsb was determined by simulation of random breaks in the mass distribution of the control sample and by comparison of this simulated profile with that of the irradiated one. The number of dsb formed was proportional to X-ray dose in the range of 5 to 2000 Gy. The induction per dose was found to be nmr-1 D-1 = (11.7 +/- 2) x 10( 12) Gy-1. PMID- 6982883 TI - DNA double strand breaks in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells at low doses of x-rays. II. Can cell death be attributed to double strand breaks? AB - The induction and repair of DNA double strand breaks (dsb) in early stationary Ehrlich ascites tumour cells by X-rays was determined using an improved sedimentation technique in neutral sucrose gradients. The disappearance of dsb was followed during post-irradiation incubation of the cells and was interpreted as dsb repair. Kinetics were approximated by exponential functions with time constants of t37 = 3.0 +/- 0.7 hours ('conditioned' medium) and t37 = 2.0 +/- 0.5 hours (growth medium). Maximal repair was reached after 24 hours and the relationship of the remaining breaks with dose was interpreted on the basis of a recombination repair model. Using these dsb data and on the assumption of one dsb being a lethal event, cell survival curves were calculated for different repair times and compared with experimental curves. It was shown that cell survival curves can be interpreted on the basis of one unrepaired dsb being a lethal event, when dsb repair continues for about 11 hours after plating the cells on nutrient agar. PMID- 6982884 TI - Chromosomal aberrations induced by x-rays in two mouse lymphoma (L5178Y) sublines of different radiosensitivity. PMID- 6982885 TI - Corneal epithelial cell--derived thymocyte-activating factor (CETAF). AB - Supernatants of a primary rabbit corneal epithelial cell culture and an established corneal cell line (SIRC) were assayed for their ability to enhance mitogen-induced C3H/HeJ mouse thymocyte proliferation. Significant levels of thymocyte-enhancing activity were detected in supernatants from both primary cultures and SIRC. Maximal levels of activity were found after 48 to 72 hr of culture in serum-free medium with 1 X 10(5) cells/ml. When monolayers of SIRC were disrupted. supernatants of these cultures consistently contained levels of activity higher than those of undisrupted control cultures. When supernatants from SIRC cultures (both serum-free and containing greater than 10% fetal calf serum) were subjected to gel filtration on AcA 54 and Sephacryl S-200, corneal epithelial cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor was eluted as two major peaks, between mol. wt 95,000 and 55,000 and mol. wt. 30,000 and 15,000. These results indicate that corneal epithelial cells, similar to keratinocytes, produce an Interleukin 1-like activity lacking species specificity, which enhances the proliferative capacity of thymocytes. Therefore corneal epithelial cells may interact with the immune system through the production of this cytokine. PMID- 6982886 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis and esophageal moniliasis in a previously unknown homosexual host. PMID- 6982887 TI - Effects of inhibitors of radiation-induced potentially lethal damage repair on chemotherapy in murine tumors. AB - Enhancement of various antitumor drugs effects by inhibitors of radiation-induced potentially lethal damage (PLD) repair was studied in three murine tumors (EMT-6, RIF-1 and SQ-1). In EMT-6 tumors, PLD repair inhibitors, 3'-deoxyguanosine (3' dG) and 7904 (a derivative of 3'-deoxyadenosine) showed a marked enhancement of tumor growth inhibition by anticancerous drugs (FT-207 (a derivative of 5-FU), bleomycin, Ara-C, ACNU). However, the effects of mitomycin-C and vincristine were not potentiated by the inhibitors. In SQ-1 carcinomas, another repair inhibitor, ara-A (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine) (32 mg/kg) potentiated the effect of ACNU. In RIF-1 sarcomas, in which a low PLD repair function has been reported after ionizing radiation exposure, the potentiation was not so marked as in EMT-6 or SQ-1 tumors. Thus, as a possibility, the potentiation by inhibitors of radiation-induced PLD repair might be a result of the inhibition of chemical induced PLD repair. The study of this field may contribute to the improvement of cancer treatment not only by radiotherapy but also by chemotherapy. PMID- 6982888 TI - A simple method for testing the efficacy of a beta-lactamase inhibitor against beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria. AB - The synergistic effect of a beta-lactam antibiotic in combination with a beta lactamase inhibitor (cloxacillin) on Gram-negative bacteria producing various types of beta-lactamases was studied with respect to the properties of the enzymes by using a set of bacterial stains we had developed previously for evaluation of beta-lactamase stability of beta-lactam antibiotics). Cloxacillin showed strong synergy in combination with ampicillin or cephalosporins against typical cephalosporinase-producing bacteria, but not against penicillinase producing bacteria. Analysis of the results indicated that the efficacy of a competitive inhibitor such as cloxacillin is greatly influenced by the following factors: the affinity of the inhibitor for the enzyme, the difference between the affinity of the inhibitor for the enzyme and that of the combined antibiotic for the enzyme, and the ability of the inhibitor to penetrate the bacterial outer membrane. It was also demonstrated that this information concerning the efficacy of an inhibitor could easily be obtained by using the set of bacterial strains and the methods described. PMID- 6982889 TI - Beta-lactamase inhibitory activities and synergistic effects of 5,6-cis carbapenem antibiotics. AB - Twelve 5,6-cis-carbapenem antibiotics were examined for their beta-lactamase inhibitory activities, their types of inhibitions, and their synergistic activities with other beta-lactam antibiotics. All the carbapenems inhibited eight types of beta-lactamases including cephalosporinases which were insensitive to clavulanic acid and sulbactam. The sulfonyloxy ethyl carbapenems were the most active inhibitors; they inhibited all beta-lactamases in a progressive fashion, whereas some of the hydroxyl compounds exerted non-progressive inhibition against several beta-lactamases such as those of Escherichia coli TN713 and Proteus vulgaris GN4413. Several carbapenems were inactivated by the beta-lactamases of Citrobacter freundii GN1706, P. vulgaris GN4413, E. coli TN713, and Klebsiella pneumoniae TN1698. Most of the carbapenems potentiated the antibacterial activities of ampicillin and cefotiam against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. PMID- 6982890 TI - Vanadium metabolism in sheep. I. Comparative and acute toxicity of vanadium compounds in sheep. AB - Twelve Florida native wethers were given ammonium metavandate, calcium orthovanadate and calcium pyrovanadate by capsule in a study to examine the toxicity of the compounds. The initial daily dosage of 100 mg elemental vanadium was increased by 50 mg at 2-d intervals for an assessment not only of the toxic effects, but also to determined the amount that caused a decline in feed intake to 25% of that of control animals. The initial decline in feed intake was observed at 400 to 500 mg vanadium/d (9.6 to 12 mg/kg body weight, 310 to 350 ppm); a rapid decline in feed intake was accompanied by diarrhea. One sheep fed 550 mg vanadium as calcium orthovanadate died 3 d after dosing. One animal on each of the other three treatments was killed and necropsied for immediate comparison. Extensive mucosal hemorrhage of the small intestine and diffuse or petechial subcapsular hemorrhages of the kidneys were observed for sheep fed all compounds. The three vanadium compounds appeared to be similar in toxicity, as determined by abrupt declines in feed intake and pathological changes of the intestine and kidney. For a determination of acute toxicosis, three sheep were given 40 mg/kg body weight of vanadium as NH4VO3 in gelatin capsules and two sheep were included as controls. Two of the treated animals died within 80 h after administration and the other three were killed at 96 h. Vanadium content of kidney, liver, bone, spleen, lung and muscle was elevated by treatment. PMID- 6982891 TI - Vanadium metabolism in sheep. II. Effect of dietary vanadium on performance, vanadium excretion and bone deposition in sheep. AB - Sixteen ram lambs were fed 0, 50 or 200 ppm supplemental vanadium daily as NH4VO3 for 90 d and coccygeal vertebrae were sampled at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 d after the imposition of dietary treatments. Vertebral vanadium content was elevated (P less than .05) after exposure to 200 ppm added vanadium in the diet of 15 d, but nonsignificant increases occurred thereafter. Increasing dietary vanadium increased bone ash vanadium concentration from .4 to 1.7 and 3.8 ppm in sheep fed 0, 50 and 200 ppm supplemental vanadium, respectively. In a balance study, urinary concentrations of the element also were related directly to dietary intake. A trend toward elevated urine volume with increased intake of vanadium was also observed. PMID- 6982892 TI - Temocillin (BRL 17421): in-vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility to beta-lactamases. PMID- 6982894 TI - The beta-lactamase activity of the vaginal flora of asymptomatic pregnant women. PMID- 6982893 TI - Temocillin compared to ampicillin against Haemophilus influenzae and with other penicillins against intestinal aerobic Gram-negative rods. PMID- 6982895 TI - Transfer of Haemophilus influenzae chromosomal genes by cell-to-cell contact. AB - A low-frequency exchange of chromosomal markers was observed in matings of Haemophilus influenzae. Transfer did not appear to be due to classical transformation or to be plasmid mediated, and chromosomal gene transfer differed in several respects from plasmid transfer by conjugation. PMID- 6982896 TI - Structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of subcomponent C1q of the first component of bovine complement. AB - Bovine C1q, a subcomponent of the first component of complement, contains six asparagine-linked sugar chains in 1 molecule. The sugar chains are exclusively distributed in the noncollagenous regions. The sugar chains were liberated as radioactive oligosaccharides from the polypeptide portion by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and NaB[3H]4 reduction, and their structures were studied by sequential exoglycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis. Bovine C1q was shown to contain equal amounts of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides with the following structures: (formula, see text) where NeuG1 is N-glycolylneuraminic acid. PMID- 6982897 TI - Structure-function studies of a colony stimulating factor (CSF-1). AB - CSF-1 is a glycoprotein growth factor which specifically stimulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of cells of the mononuclear phagocytic lineage. In this study, microgram amounts of radiolabeled murine L-cell and human urinary CSF-1 were isolated in pure form and used to investigate the nature and extent of CSF-1 glycosylation and the requirement of the carbohydrate moiety for its biological and antibody-binding activities. The molecular weight of the preparations examined varied between approximately 47,000 and approximately 76,000. Reduction and alkylation halved the molecular weight of all preparations, reflecting within each the existence of two similar subunits. Exhaustive treatment of reduced and alkylated CSF-1 with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D, but not endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, gave rise to a molecule of Mr approximately 16,500 of which the polypeptide portion accounted for approximately 15,500. Whereas the parent molecule bound concanavalin A, the product did not, indicating that heterogeneity in the saccharide component could explain the observed variation in the molecular weight of CSF-1. These results also suggest that the two polypeptide chains in the dimeric CSF-1 molecule are very similar and possibly even identical. Because of the specificity of endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase D, it is concluded that the carbohydrate moieties are Asn linked "complex-type" units. Examination of the effects of endo-alpha-N-acetyl-D galactosaminidase treatment on the molecular weight of reduced and alkylated CSF 1 failed to provide evidence for the existence of O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides. Treatment of native CSF-1 with endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase D was almost as efficient in removing carbohydrate as in the case of the reduced and alkylated subunits. Removal did not cause loss of antibody binding, receptor binding, or biological activity. PMID- 6982898 TI - Translational control of ferritin synthesis by iron in embryonic reticulocytes of the bullfrog. AB - The regulation of ferritin synthesis by iron was examined in the reticulocytes of bullfrog tadpoles where the induction was 40- to 50-fold, increasing from 0.17 +/ 0.05% of total protein synthesis ([3H]leucine incorporation in cell suspension) to 7.4 +/- 1.6% following intraperitoneal injection of ferric ammonium citrate. No significant difference was observed between the levels of ferritin mRNA in control or iron-induced cells, determined by translation of isolated mRNA in a wheat germ system, demonstrating that ferritin induction by iron occurs by a post transcriptional mechanism. Total protein synthesis in the wheat germ system was half-saturating at 10 micrograms of mRNA/ml whereas ferritin synthesis increased linearly up to 40 micrograms of mRNA/ml, demonstrating that the ferritin mRNA is translated with high efficiency relative to the total proteins synthesized. Studies with the cap analogue 7-methylguanosine-5'-monophosphate, suggest that cap binding is not directly involved in the high translational efficiency of the ferritin mRNA in the wheat germ system. The results indicate that iron-modulated changes in the availability of ferritin mRNA for translation, coupled with the high translational efficiency of the ferritin message, can account for the induction of ferritin synthesis by iron in embryonic erythroid cells. PMID- 6982899 TI - A positron emission tomograph to study brain metabolism in man. AB - The construction of a single ring positron emission tomograph with which to examine the brain is described. The ring comprises 160 bismuth germanate detectors that are not separated from each other by high Z septa. The thickness of the slice examined is 2 cm and the inherent resolution is 7 mm in the plane. The performance of the tomograph and representative clinical studies are illustrated. PMID- 6982900 TI - Spatial relationships of microtubule-organizing centers and the contact area of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells. AB - Specific binding (conjugation) of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to target cells (TC) is the first step in a multistage process ultimately resulting in dissolution of the TC and recycling of the CTL. We examined the position of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of immune CTL bound to specific TC. Immunofluorescence labeling of freshly prepared CTL-TC conjugates with tubulin antibodies indicated that the MTOC in essentially all conjugated CTL but not in the conjugated TC were oriented towards the intercellular contact site. This finding was corroborated by electron microscopy examination of CTL-TC conjugates fixed either immediately after conjugation or during the lytic process. Antibody induced caps of membrane antigens of CTL such as H-2 and Thy 1, did not show a similar relationship to the MTOC. Incubation of CTL-TC conjugates, 10-15 min at room temperature, resulted in an apparent deterioration of the microtubular system of conjugated CTL. It is proposed that the CTL plasma membrane proximal to the MTOC is particularly active in forming stable intercellular contacts, resulting in CTL-TC conjugation, and that subsequent modulation of the microtubular system of the CTL may be related to the cytolytic response and to detachment of the effector cell. PMID- 6982902 TI - Carbamycholine modulation of E-rosette formation: identification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes. AB - We previously suggested that a population of T-suppressor cells carries acetylcholine receptors which may be involved in the regulation of the immune response. To identify cholinergic receptors on human T lymphocytes, we investigated the effects of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, on E-rosette formation. Preincubation of normal human peripheral blood cells with carbachol resulted in a 30-40% reduction in numbers of E rosette-forming cells. Carbachol induced inhibition of E-rosette formation was dose-dependent, temperature dependent, and reversible. The drug effects appeared to be mediated through a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor since d-tubocurarine (but not atropine) abrogated its activity. The expression of nicotinic receptors on a subset of human T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of certain diseases such as myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6982903 TI - Histocompatibility antigens in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS; scleroderma). AB - Patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS; scleroderma) were typed for the HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens. No significant differences in the frequencies of any HLA-A or -B antigen were found. In the subgroup of patients with PSS and diffuse scleroderma (PSS-DS), the frequency of Bw35 was increased (0.30 vs 0.17 in controls; p less than 0.005, corrected P greater than 0.2). Although patients with PSS-DS also had an increased frequency of DR1 antigen (0.27 vs 0.12 in local controls; P less than 0.005, corrected P less than 0.05), no association between Bw35 and DR1 antigens could be detected. We found no increase in the frequencies of the DR3 or DR5 antigens in patients with PSS. However, in a subset of PSS patients with pulmonary fibrosis, an increase in DR3 and a decrease in DR4 antigens (P less than 0.005) were observed. Serum antibodies to centromere occurred more frequently in DR1-positive than DR/-negative patients (0.46 vs 0.18; P less than 0.005). This study of a large number of patients with PSS failed to confirm previously reported associations of PSS with the HLA-B8/DR3 haplotype of HLA-DR5 antigen. PMID- 6982901 TI - Epidermal growth factor-induced centrosomal separation: mechanism and relationship to mitogenesis. AB - Using a rabbit antibody to MAP1 to stain centrosomes we have studied the mechanism by which epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces centrosomal separation in HeLa cells. The response is rapid, being detectable within 20 min after EGF (100 ng/ml) addition and by 4 h 40% of logarithmically growing cells and greater than 70% of cells synchronized at G1/S with 1 mM hydroxyurea show centrosomes separated by more than one diameter. A concentration of 0.05 ng/ml of EGF induces significant separation in synchronized cells (5-9% control vs. 20% with EGF at 0.05 ng/ml) and 0.1 to 0.5 ng/ml induces a half maximal response. Centrosomal separation is blocked by energy inhibitors, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and W-7, cytochalasins B and D, and taxol, and is stimulated or enhanced by A23187, colchicine, and oncodazole. Trifluoperazine, W-7, cytochalasin D, and taxol also block DNA synthesis in response to EGF as measured by autoradiography using [3H]thymidine. Our hypothesis based upon these results is that EGF, by raising the free calcium level, activates calmodulin, which stimulates contraction of microfilaments attached to the centrosome, pulling the daughter centrosome apart. EGF may also induce depolymerization or detachment of microtubules in the vicinity of the centrosome which ordinarily serve to maintain its position and inhibit separation. Centrosomal separation may be a key event in triggering DNA synthesis in response to EGF and colchicine. PMID- 6982905 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes in malignant lymphoma. AB - The alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) Pi phenotypes have been determined by isoelectric focusing in a series of 228 patients having a histologically diagnosed malignant lymphoma and in 250 healthy controls. The Pi MZ phenotype occurred in 13 patients with lymphoma (5 . 8%) and in five of 250 healthy individuals (2%). Furthermore, one patient with a Pi SS and three patients with an abnormal unknown phenotype, migrating slower than Z, were found in the lymphoma group. No prevalence for a special lymphoma type was observed among the abnormal Pi phenotype patients. The increased incidence of abnormal Pi phenotypes in malignant lymphoma's support the hypothesis of the possible role of alpha 1 AT in development of immunopathological disorders. PMID- 6982907 TI - Immune modulation by epidermal cell products: possible role of ETAF in inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases. AB - Recent studies have indicated that the epidermis plays an important role in the modulation of immunologic reactions. The factors involved in these processes include not only Langerhans cells but also keratinocyte products. One of these products, ETAF (Epidermal cell derived Thymocyte Activating Factor), which is similar to the macrophage derived product interleukin 1 (IL-1), is reviewed. Speculations as to its possible role in skin diseases are presented. PMID- 6982906 TI - T and B lymphocyte markers in effusions of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - T and B cells were sought in effusion fluids of 13 patients with lymphoma. In T cell lymphomas (four cases) morphologically abnormal cells that formed E rosettes were present. In B cell lymphomas (nine cases) morphologically abnormal cells were present in only two cases, however immunological studies showed a reduction in T cells and monoclonal light chain immunoglobulin expression in six of nine cases. PMID- 6982909 TI - Quantitation in positron emission computed tomography: 6. effect of nonuniform resolution. AB - The intrinsic resolution (FWHM) of coincident bismuth germanate detector pairs was measured for geometries consistent with positron emission computed tomography systems designed for brain imaging. The resolutions were measured as a function of the position in the field of view (FOV) for single slice and multislice configurations for both the image and axial resolutions. System diameters of 66 to 42 cm were simulated, and intrinsic resolution variation for image and axial dimensions for a 24 cm FOV were 14 and 32% and 24 and 39%, respectively. Measurement of axial resolutions of interplane slices of multiplane systems employing interplane septa showed resolution variations for the 24 cm FOV of as large as a factor of three. A simple model was shown to predict the dominant features of the line shapes. Images of phantoms with small axial dimensions indicate that the variations in resolution, particularly in interplane data, seriously compromise the validity of point to point comparison of information within an image or between single plane and interplane images. Serious variations in axial resolution were shown to create artifacts and degrade the image resolution. Index Terms: Emission computed tomography--Image quality. PMID- 6982908 TI - Stable xenon CT cerebral blood flow measurements computed by a single compartment -double integration model in normal aging and dementia. AB - Programs have been developed, using a single compartmental analysis model, that provide rapid computer derivation for values of both local cerebral blood flows (LCBF) and local tissue: blood partition coefficients (L lambda) using inhaled stable xenon gas (Xes) as the indicator. These programs are planned for utilization of raw data points derived from serial computed tomography scans made between the 3rd and 9th min after 35% Xes inhalation, while concentrations of end tidal Xes (PEXes) are concurrently monitored. Double integration and least squares fitting permitted estimation of corresponding arterial (assumed from PEXes) and tissue Xes concentrations at each scanning interval during Xes saturation. Derived estimates for L lambda and LCBF values for each region of interest mathematically approximate values saturated to infinity. The method described can be utilized for any freely diffusible indicator. Cross-sectional analysis of results obtained in 13 normal healthy volunteers between 20 and 80 years of age showed no age-related changes in L lambda values but progressive decreases in blood flow of cortex, basal ganglia, and white matter with advancing age. In senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT, n = 8) L lambda values were likewise found to be unchanged, but cortical and thalamic gray matter LCBF values were significantly reduced compared to age-matched normal volunteers. PMID- 6982910 TI - Bone induction in healing tooth sockets using piezo-electric foil. PMID- 6982911 TI - Age-dependent differences in outcome of infections, with special reference to experiments in mice. AB - The host defects that increase either the frequency or the severity of certain infections in older persons are reviewed briefly. The major defect is in the functioning of the lymphocyte-macrophage system; this is expressed as deficits in cutaneous reactivity and T cell response after antigenic stimulation. A review of induced infections in experimental animals shows results generally consistent with the data in humans. Infections due to Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Toxoplasma gondii all appear to be worse in senescent mice; each of these organisms is dealt with primarily by the lymphocyte-macrophage system. We have recently completed studies on aged mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus, an organism dealt with primarily by polymorphonuclear leukocytes rather than the lymphocyte-macrophage system. Surprisingly, staphylococcal infections were much worse in older animals. These studies suggest that in older mice there may also be a defect either in polymorphonuclear leukocyte mobilization and/or function or in the ability of older mice to resist the lethal effects of staphylococcal toxins. PMID- 6982912 TI - Quantitative estimate of unlabelled cordycepin in acid-soluble pool isolated from rat brain tissue after intraperitoneal injection of the inhibitor. AB - A technique for the quantitative estimation of intraperitoneally injected unlabelled cordycepin in an acid-soluble pool (ASP) isolated from rat brain tissue is suggested. It consists in consecutive chromatography of ASP on Dowex 1 X 8, Dihydroxyboryl = SP500 and Sephasorb-HP. The fraction containing 2' deoxyriboadenosine and 3'-deoxyriboadenosine (cordycepin) has been isolated from brain tissue ASP of experimental animals after a cordycepin injection. 2' Deoxyriboadenosine fraction has been isolated from tissue ASP of the control animals not subjected to an inhibitor injection. Brain tissue antibiotic content has been estimated by the difference in nucleoside quantity values (microM) in these two fractions (control/experiment). PMID- 6982904 TI - Phenotypic and functional characterization of a Sezary cell. AB - We have studied the surface antigen pattern, enzymatic phenotype, and functional capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient with Sezary syndrome (SS). The majority of these cells formed E rosettes but lacked the Fc(mu) receptor. The neoplastic cells were reactive with pan-T cell (OKT3)- and helper T cell (OKT4)-subset monoclonal antibodies; however, they lacked the 5/9 antigen, which identifies a more restricted subset of helper T cells. Most SS cells also reacted with PTF 29.12, a monoclonal antibody which recognizes DR determinants. Only 35% of the cells expressed single, focal accumulations of alpha-naphthyl acid esterase activity, which is a characteristic of T.M cells, but 85% of them showed this focal staining pattern with acid phosphatase or beta-glucuronidase. Mononuclear cells from the SS patient showed poor or no proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, purified protein derivative, Candida, and allogeneic cells and lacked both helper and suppressor activity for pokeweed mitogen driven production of IgM and IgG immunoglobulins by normal B cells, but they were able to stimulate a marked proliferative response in mixed-lymphocyte culture. The defective expression of enzymatic and surface membrane characteristics, together with the lack of some T-cell functions, suggests that the patient cells may be immature T.M lymphocytes. PMID- 6982913 TI - Yaws in India--it status in 1981. PMID- 6982914 TI - Ancylostoma caninum: immune response to and distribution pattern of larvae in mice with sensitized thymus and bone marrow cells. AB - Suspensions of thymus and bone marrow cells from Swiss albino donor mice infected with A. caninum larvae were injected separately or together into syngeneic, nonimmune recipients which were subsequently challenged with the larvae. The transfer of adoptive immunity through these cells has been confirmed and a cooperation and/or complementation between these two types was also observed. These sensitized cells helped the recipients in expelling and/or destroying the challenge larvae more effectively but had no remarkable effect on their distribution patterns. PMID- 6982916 TI - Development of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor cells in T cell colonies grown in vitro. AB - T cell colonies grown in vitro from normal mouse spleen cells contain cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor cells (CLP) that develop from immature precursors within the colonies. The colony-forming unit for CLP development (CFU-TCLP) has two components. One is Thy-1-, Lyt-1-, Lyt-2- and is found in spleen, nude spleen, and bone marrow. It can by itself produce a colony, but these colonies do not contain CLP. The other component is Thy-1+, Lyt-1-, Lyt-2- and is found in spleen and lymph node. The Thy-1+ component gives rise to the CLP that develop in the colony. A single cell in this component can give rise to multiple progeny CLP. Each colony develops CLP of several different specificities. The full repertoire developed includes specificities specific for allogeneic H-2, TNP-modified-self H 2 and TNP-modified-allogeneic H-2. Although CLP specific for TNP-modified allogeneic stimulator cells are definitely present, there is a distinct preference for TNP-modified self. The results lead to the tentative conclusion that the T cell repertoire can develop in the absence of the special environment provided by the thymus. PMID- 6982917 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A on T cell function in vitro: the mechanism of suppression of T cell proliferation depends on the nature of the T cell stimulus as well as the differentiation state of the responding T cell. AB - We have studied the effects of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CY A) on T cell activation in the guinea pig both in the presence and in the absence of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL 2). CY A suppressed T cell activation by the mitogen, concanavalin A, by blocking IL 2 production and not by blocking the induction of IL 2 receptors. In contrast, the primary T cell proliferative responses to self Ia antigens in the syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (SMLR) and to trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic macrophages were blocked by CY A and this suppressive effect could not be corrected by addition of exogenous IL 2. T cells primed to syngeneic stimulator cells in the presence of CY A failed to develop IL 2 responsiveness even in the presence of exogenous IL 2, suggesting that CY A directly blocked induction of IL 2 receptors on the responding T cell population. In contrast, the secondary SMLR was suppressed by CY A in the absence of IL 2, but was normal when IL 2 was added to the cultures. CY A completely blocked the primary allogeneic MLR but this inhibitory effect could be reversed when exogenous IL 2 was added to the cultures. Moreover, in the presence of exogenous IL 2, CY A had no effect on the development of IL 2 responsiveness by alloreactive T cells. In addition, CY A induced a population of radiosensitive cells with suppressor activity for the primary MLR. Thus, in the guinea pig, CY A inhibits Ti cell activation both by blocking IL 2 production as well as by inhibiting the induction of IL 2 responsiveness. These two effects occur in the same range of CY A concentrations and are differentially dominant depending on the nature of the stimulating signal and the differentiation state of the responding T cell. PMID- 6982918 TI - Dynamics of B cell repertoire formation: normal patterns of clonal turnover are altered by ligand interaction. AB - The dynamics of B cell repertoire formation was examined by defining the kinetics and clonal composition of the influenza hemagglutinin- (HA) responsive BALB/c repertoire at 1 and 2 wk of age. Although the size and diversity of the HA responsive repertoire remain constant during this period, the clonal composition changes significantly. These findings indicate a rapid and regular turnover of clonal specificities within the emerging primary repertoire. In addition, the effect of ligand exposure on this process was analyzed by characterizing the repertoire of 2-wk-old BALB/c mice that had been immunized with virus during their first week of life. This treatment markedly alters the normal kinetics and turnover of the emerging repertoire. First, many clonotypes that normally arise between 1 and 2 wk of age fail to be expressed in detectable numbers. Second, several clonotypes that are normally only transiently expressed at 1 wk of age are preferentially expanded and preserved within the responsive B cell pool. In conjunction, these results demonstrate that a) the primary repertoire is characterized by rapid and regular turnover in clonotype composition, b) antigenic exposure perturbs the normal kinetics and pattern of this turnover, and c) the exact effects of ligand exposure may depend on the developmental stage at which it occurs. PMID- 6982919 TI - Replicative properties of lipopolysaccharide-induced murine B lymphocytes: detection of three different responses to mitogenic restimulation. AB - A number of investigators have reached different conclusions regarding the proliferative behavior of murine B lymphocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We examined the replicative properties of LPS-stimulated splenic B cells in primary culture using a density transfer technique to detect DNA replication. The method selectively monitors those lymphocytes that synthesized DNA in a first division and determines whether their progeny undergo subsequent replication, providing information about the growth characteristics of the first generation of LPS-responsive cels. Three different proliferative responses were observed. In one type, the initial signal that stimulated parental cells to divide was perpetuated in their progeny in that daughter cell proliferation occurred in the absence of mitogen (19 to 37% of the parental cells, mode I). In another type of response, the proliferation of daughter cells depended on further exposure to mitogen (10 to 17% of the parental cells, mode II). In a third response, proliferation of daughter cells did not occur even in the presence of mitogen (54 to 64% of the parental cells, mode III). Three types of growth responses were also observed for Con A-stimulated T cells. A larger proportion of T cells, however, were restimulated to an additional round of DNA replication (40 to 55% of the cells, mode II) when compared to LPS-stimulated B cells. These in vitro growth responses suggest alternate pathways by which antigens may regulate immune reactions. PMID- 6982915 TI - Lymphocyte surface membrane immunoglobulin in myeloma. III. IgA plasmacytomas induce large numbers of circulating, adult-thymectomy-sensitive, theta +, Lyt-1 2+ lymphocytes with IgA-Fc receptors. PMID- 6982920 TI - Requirements for the processing of antigens by antigen-presenting B cells. I. Functional comparison of B cell tumors and macrophages. PMID- 6982921 TI - Production of prostaglandin E and an interleukin-1 like factor by cultured astrocytes and C6 glioma cells. AB - When treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cultured murine astrocytes released significant amounts of prostaglandin E, which caused an inhibition of the in vitro proliferative response of C3H/HeJ thymocytes to mitogen. In addition, an interleukin 1 (IL 1)-like factor secreted by LPS-treated glia cell cultures and by C6 glioma cells was detected. The characterization of the factor as an IL 1 like mediator is based on the findings that the factor 1) enhances the mitogen induced thymocyte proliferation, 2) exhibits no interleukin 2 (IL 2) activity, but 3) augments IL 2 production by mitogen-stimulated thymocytes, and 4) has a m.w. between 13,500 and 18,000 when generated in serum-free conditions. These observations suggest that astrocytes may interact with the immune system by elaborating nonspecific factors that modulate lymphocyte proliferation. This property of astrocytes may be important in the generation of specific immune responses in the brain, which is considered to be an immunologically privileged organ as it is anatomically sequestered from the immune system. PMID- 6982922 TI - Interleukin-2 does not induce murine B cells to secrete Ig. AB - We previously defined two T cell-derived lymphokines, BDCF mu and BCDF gama, which induce B cell differentiation in the absence of IL 2. Although these studies indicated that IL 2 was not required to induce Ig secretion, the effect of IL 2 on B cell differentiation was not established. In the present studies we have assessed the ability of purified IL 2 to induce IgM or IgG secretion. Our results demonstrate that IL 2 does not induce IgM secretion by BCL1 tumor cells, nor does it enhance BCDF mu-induced IgM secretion by these cells. Similarly, IL 2 had no effect on LPS or BCDF gamma-induced IgG secretion by normal B cells. Thus, we conclude that IL 2 does not act directly on B cells to induce differentiation. PMID- 6982923 TI - Role of T cells and adherent cells in age-related decline in murine interleukin 2 production. AB - Spleen and lymph node cells from young (3 to 4 months) and old (24 to 36 months) mice of two inbred lines and one hybrid stock were assessed for the effect of age on IL 2 production. The results revealed that the production of IL 2 by old spleen and lymph node cells is reduced to 42% that of young cells. Cell counting, IL 2 inhibition and absorption, and cell mixture studies were then performed to determine the basis for the reduced IL 2 production. Cell counting studies revealed that the reduced IL 2 production by old cells cannot be caused by a decrease with age in the total number of Lyt 1+ T helper cells or by an increase with age in Lyt 2+ T suppressor cells. IL 2 inhibition, IL 2 absorption, and young-old spleen cells mixture studies revealed that the decrease in the level of IL 2 activity with age is caused neither by the formation of excessive amounts of soluble IL 2 inhibitors, by the generation of excessive numbers of IL 2 responsive blast cells, nor by an increase in suppressor cells. Further cell mixture studies revealed a decrease in IL 2 production by young T cells in presence of old adherent cells, which did not approach that of the old T cell-old adherent cell mixture, and an increase in IL 2 production by old T cells in the presence of young adherent cells, which did not approach that of the young T cell young adherent cell mixture. These results would indicate that the decline in activity of both the T cells and adherent cells involved in IL 2 production are responsible for the reduction. Finally, it was found that the reduced proliferative activity of Con A-stimulated old spleen cells can be enhanced to the same extent as that of young spleen cells by exposing them to exogenous IL 2. PMID- 6982924 TI - Maturational state of lymphoid cells in long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - B lymphocytes are not produced in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) and controversy exists regarding T cell differentiation in the cultures. By analyzing the kinetics of B cell reconstitution in lethally irradiated mice by cells from fresh bone marrow or from LTBMC, we have determined that B cell differentiation is blocked at an early stage in the cultures. Colony-forming B cells (CFU-B) are generated more rapidly and to higher levels in recipients of fresh bone marrow cells than in animals grafted with cells from LTBMC. The data further indicate that the adherent fraction cells from LTBMC are an enriched source of B cell precursors as compared to non-adherent cells and that B cell reconstitutive potential and levels of spleen colony-forming stem cells (CFU-S) do not correlate with one another. Under appropriate culture conditions, T lymphocytes are detectable in LTBMC. These Thy-1-positive cells proliferate in the cultures and can generate cytotoxic responses. These effectors originate from Thy-1-positive cells present in the initial bone marrow inoculum used to establish the cultures and have not differentiated from mature Thy-1-negative progenitors in vitro. PMID- 6982925 TI - The mechanism of inhibition of human IL 2 production. PMID- 6982926 TI - Functional significance of Tac antigen expressed on activated human T lymphocytes: Tac antigen interacts with T cell growth factor in cellular proliferation. AB - Cultured human T cells (CTC), which are grown in conditioned medium containing T cell growth factor (TCGF), proliferate in response to TCGF. It has been shown that an antigen (Tac) defined by a monoclonal antibody, termed anti-Tac antibody, is expressed on human T cells activated by mitogens or antigens and CTC grown in the presence of TCGF. To elucidate the functional significance of Tac antigen expressed on activated T cells, we studied the effect of anti-Tac antibody on TCGF-dependent proliferation of CTC. The addition of anti-Tac antibody strongly inhibited the proliferation of CTC induced by TCGF. This inhibition was observed only when the antibody was added at the early phase of culture, but not when the addition of the antibody was delayed beyond 24 hr of culture. Seven-day-old PHA induced T cell blasts, but not fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes, were able to absorb TCGF activity in conditioned medium, as assessed by the DNA synthesis of CTC. When PHA-induced blasts were treated with anti-Tac antibody before absorption, their capacity to absorb TCGF activity was almost completely eliminated. In contrast, absorption of TCGF by PHA-induced blasts was not significantly reduced even when they were pretreated with other monoclonal antibodies (anti-Ia, OKT9, or OKT10) with specificity for antigens expressed on activated T cells. Based on the view that TCGF interacts with activated T cells via specific membrane receptors, these observations suggested that anti-Tac antibody might specifically block the binding of TCGF to the corresponding membrane binding sites, resulting in the inhibition of TCGF-dependent proliferation of CTC. Tac antigen expressed on activated T cells seems to participate in responding process of activated T cells to TCGF. PMID- 6982927 TI - B cell growth factor and T cell growth factor produced by mitogen-stimulated normal human peripheral blood T lymphocytes are distinct molecules. AB - Using a recently described assay for inducing and measuring the proliferation of normal human B cells in the absence of differentiation, we have demonstrated that B cell growth factor (BCGF) activity can be obtained from the culture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of mitogens. Using Sephacryl S 200 gel filtration, BCGF activity was demonstrated in the 20 to 30K m.w. fractions of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, this fraction also showed substantial T cell growth factor (TCGF) activity. Despite this overlapping of m.w., BCGF activity could clearly be separated from TCGF activity by selective absorption of factor-containing supernatants with the interleukin 2 activity by using interleukin 2-dependent cells without any diminution of BCGF activity, strongly suggesting that these two factors may be distinct molecular entities. PMID- 6982928 TI - Human B cell differentiation. III. Enhancing effect of monoclonal anti immunoglobulin D antibody on pokeweed mitogen-induced plasma cell differentiation. AB - The effects of monoclonal anti-delta antibodies on pokeweed mitogen (PWM) responses of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were studied. Treatment with anti delta antibody enhanced both B cell proliferation and plasma cell differentiation, which are T cell-dependent responses. The anti-delta enhancement of plasma cell differentiation, predominantly of IgM plasma cells, was surprising because PWM-responsive subpopulations of B cells have been shown to lack IgD and their plasma cell differentiation is easily and selectively suppressed by anti mu, -gamma and -alpha antibodies. Treatment of MNC with monoclonal anti-delta antibody enhanced the number of IgM plasma cells induced by PWM stimulation by approximately threefold. The degree of enhancement was dependent upon the concentration of anti-delta antibody, and the F(ab')2 fragments were effective. Maximal enhancement was obtained either when MNC were preincubated with anti delta antibody for 1 day before PWM stimulation or when anti-delta antibody was added with PWM at the beginning of 7-day cultures. Anti-delta antibody had little or no effect when added 1 to 3 days after the initiation of PWM stimulated cultures. Anti-delta treatment overnight induced a population of small IgM+IgD+ B cells to enlarge and converted them from poor to good PWM responders. The results are discussed in the context of a model which proposed that differentiation of both immature and preactivated mature IgD- cells can be inhibited by signals generated via surface immunoglobulin cross-linkage, whereas this stimulus enhances differentiation of the intermediate IgD+IgM+ B cells. PMID- 6982929 TI - Immunomodulatory effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on human B lymphocyte activation in vitro. PMID- 6982932 TI - Cloned lines on interleukin 2 producer human T lymphocytes. PMID- 6982931 TI - Biosynthesis and glycosylation of the invariant chain associated with HLA-DR antigens. AB - The biosynthesis and glycosylation of the invariant (I) chain associated with HLA DR alpha-beta chain complexes has been examined in human B lymphoblastoid cell lines. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of HLA-DR immune precipitates from extracts of metabolically labeled cells demonstrated a processes form of the I chain, called Ip, which consists of a series of spots beginning near the basic I chain spot and ending near the acidic alpha spots. Pulse/chase labeling yielded information on the kinetics of processing of the invariant chain, as well as the finding that the association of Ip with alpha beta chain complexes appears to be transient. Neuraminidase treatment of immune precipitates confirmed that Ip was a form of the I chain containing up to eight sialic acid residues. Labeling in the presence of tunicamycin suggested the presence of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharide units on the invariant chain. This processing pattern does not appear to be an artifact of B cell lines; it was seen in peripheral blood lymphocytes, freshly purified monocytes, and in an interleukin 2-dependent continuous T cell line that expressed HLA-DR. In addition, there appears to be a free pool of the invariant chain and its processed form that is not found associated with DR alpha and beta chains. PMID- 6982933 TI - Isolation and characterization of monoclonal mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes with specificity for HLA-A,B or -DR alloantigens. PMID- 6982930 TI - The differential effects of human leukocyte pyrogen/lymphocyte-activating factor, T cell growth factor, and interferon on human natural killer activity. PMID- 6982934 TI - Alloantisera detect HLA-A-B-C and non-HLA differentiation antigens on human thymocytes. AB - Human thymocytes (THY) were examined for the expression of HLA-A,B,C antigens on their cell surface by using tissue typing alloantisera in the microcytotoxicity assay. Approximately 80% of the total THY population demonstrated antibody mediated, C-dependent lysis with several alloantisera for each HLA-A,B,C specificity. The HLA phenotype of THY was verified by HLA typing autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from the thymus donor. Thymus tissue and PBL were obtained from cardiac surgical patients ranging in age from 3 mo to 12 yr. The capacity of THY to absorb HLA alloantibody was also demonstrated. Cross absorption studies performed on PBL and THY by using HLA typing sera produced two important findings: 1) HLA typing sera that are devoid of non-HLA THY-specific antibody can be used to HLA type THY and 2) selected non-HLA sera from multiparous women, and selected HLA typing sera absorbed with PRL or platelets can be used to detect THY differentiation antigens. Taken together, cytotoxicity data, absorption capacities, cross-absorption studies, and statistical analysis indicate that HLA-A,B,C alloantigens and non-HLA polymorphic differentiation antigens detected by alloantisera are co-expressed on the cell surface of the majority of human THY. PMID- 6982935 TI - Partial reconstitution of TNP-Ficoll responses and IgG3 expression in Xid mice undergoing graft-vs-host reaction. PMID- 6982936 TI - Experimental anti-alveolar basement membrane antibody-mediated pneumonitis. II. Role of endothelial damage and repair, induction of autologous phase, and kinetics of antibody deposition in Lewis rats. PMID- 6982937 TI - The effect of hypophysectomy on thymic aging in mice. AB - Surgical removal of the pituitary (hypophysectomy) followed by endocrine supplementation in middle-aged rats has been reported to reverse immunologic decline with age. We attempted to confirm and extend these reports by using a well-defined and readily available mouse model system. Hypophysectomy and endocrine supplementation in 8- to 9-mo-old C57BL/6J (B6) male retired breeder mice improved some, but not all, T dependent immune functions tested at 15 mo of age. In hypoxed mice, spleen cell proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro, and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) measured by footpad swelling improved to levels shown by young controls. Direct anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses by spleen cells, and serum agglutination responses against SRBC were not improved. Hypoxed mice had larger thymuses and much higher ratios of cortex-medulla areas than did age matched controls. Hair regrowth after shaving was much faster in hypoxed mice. Nevertheless, hypophysectomy reduced mean and maximum longevities. These results conflict in several ways with the previously reported studies in rats, in which direct PFC responses and maximum longevities were improved by this treatment. There have been no previous studies of the effect of hypophysectomy and endocrine supplementation on thymic aging in mice, nor has it previously been reported that this treatment causes improvements in PHA and DTH responses and in thymic morphology. These effects show that at least some aging processes are reversible in aging individuals. They also suggest that hypophysectomy of middle-aged mice will be useful for studying neuroendocrine and thymic interactions that occur during the aging process. PMID- 6982938 TI - Anti-Sm autoantibodies in MRL mice: in vitro detection and generation of antibody forming cells. AB - Antibodies to the nuclear antigen SM are specific for systemic lupus erythematosus in humans and mice. In order to study the cellular mechanisms of anti-Sm generation, a hemolytic plaque assay to identify and enumerate lymphocytes secreting anti-Sm has been developed by using SRBC coated with purified Sm by a modified carbodiimide technique. Anti-Sm-specific PFC were found in MRL/Mp-Ipr/Ipr and MLR/Mp- +/+ mice whose sera contained anti-Sm, but were never detected in anti-Sm-negative MRL mice or in normals. Spleen cells from anti Sm-positive MRL/Mp-Ipr/Ipr mice generated anti-Sm PFC spontaneously after 4 days of in vitro culture, whereas cells from normal mice or anti-Sm-negative MRL mice were never observed to produce spontaneous anti-Sm, even when cultured in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The generation of anti-Sm by MRL cells in vitro was found to be dependent on the presence of T cells, but the ability of cells from individual MRL mice to generate anti-Sm appeared to be limited by the availability of Sm-specific B cell precursors and not due to a relative absence of T cells capable of providing help for the anti-Sm response. Analysis at the cellular level of the in vitro generation of a disease-specific autoantibody by using the methods described should facilitate understanding of mechanisms of autoreactivity. PMID- 6982939 TI - Nutritional factors and autoimmunity. III. Zinc deprivation versus restricted food intake in MRL/1 mice--the distinction between interacting dietary influences. AB - To investigate further the modulation of autoimmune disease by nutritional means, the influence of zinc deprivation upon the development of the immunopathology of MRL/I mice was studied. Because some effects of zinc deficiency may be due to associated inanition and consequent caloric deprivation, mice with similarly restricted food intake but adequate zinc intake were also studied. Zinc restriction was introduced at either 4 or 10 wk of age and was continued throughout the study. When zinc deficiency was introduced at 4 wk of age, a significant delay in the appearance of the physical findings of MRL/I mice, including open sores, necrotic ears, arthritis, and end-stage cachexia, was noted. In addition, zinc deficiency introduced at this age resulted in a lower incidence and titer of antibodies to dsDNA and less severe glomerulonephritis than control mice. Furthermore, the immune response of zinc-deprived MRL/I mice was better preserved than control animals, and most importantly, survival was significantly prolonged. Pair-fed controls also showed delayed progression of their disease, but animals restricted isocalorically from 4 wk of age experienced a more rapid onset of the lupus-like syndrome than did their zinc-deprived counterparts. In contrast, when zinc deprivation was introduced at 10 wk of age, it had little beneficial effect upon disease progression. Indeed, caloric restriction introduced at this age had a greater impact than did zinc deficiency. Nonetheless, despite the variable influence of zinc deprivation and pair-feeding on autoimmune disease, zinc deprivation, whether introduced at 4 or 10 wk of age, resulted in a significantly greater reduction of lymphoproliferation. Successful modulation of disease activity by nutritional changes will depend on understanding the mechanisms of these differential pathologic processes. PMID- 6982940 TI - Surface phenotype of Peyer's patch germinal center cells: implications for the role of germinal centers in B cell differentiation. AB - The surface phenotype of Peyer's patch germinal center lymphoid cells in the mouse is described. It is confirmed that most germinal center lymphocytes bind high levels of peanut agglutination (PNA), a lectin with specificity for terminal galactosyl residues. It is shown that germinal center lymphocytes can be identified in cell suspensions as a discrete PNAhi population distinct from other B cells, plasma cells, and most T cells, which bind only low levels of PNA. Using fluorescence-labeled PNA as a marker in dual fluorescence studies, we found that the majority of Peyer's patch germinal center cells are B lymphocytes: PNAhi Peyer's patch cells express B220, the B lineage-specific form of the T200 family of molecules, as well as low levels of surface Ig. They do not express the T cell lineage antigens Thy-1, Lyt-1, or Lyt-2 (only 1 to 3% positive). They bear lower levels of H2-K than PNAlo B cells, but two to three times the level of surface I A-encoded determinants. A discrete but variable subpopulation of PNAhi Peyer's patch cells bear ThB in AKR/c mice, but BALB/c PNAhi lymphocytes are ThB-. About 10 to 30% bear surface IgM or IgG, but in contrast to essentially all PNAlo B lymphocytes in this site, they express no detectable surface IgD. The majority of Peyer's patch germinal center cells bear surface IgA, and this IgA is allelically excluded in F1 mice, indicating it is synthesized by the germinal center cells themselves. In fact, germinal centers contain most of the IgA-bearing cells in Peyer's patches (70 to 85%). These findings lend considerable support to the concept that germinal centers in Peyer's patches are the site of generation of precursors of the IgA-secreting plasma cells that characterize mucosal immune responses, and also suggest that germinal centers may play an important role in the process of heavy chain class switching. PMID- 6982941 TI - Specificity of T lymphocyte cytotoxicity to autologous hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: evidence that T cells are directed against HBV core antigen expressed on hepatocytes. AB - Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 21 patients with chronic HBV infection were incubated with autologous hepatocytes in a microcytotoxicity assay. Cytotoxicity was significantly increased in 13 cases, and in 12 of these the cytotoxic effect of the T lymphocytes was inhibited by preincubating the liver cells with IgG containing antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). Normal human IgG and IgG containing antibodies to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) were without effect. Control experiments using autologous fibroblasts as target cells showed low levels of T cell cytotoxicity and no blocking effect of anti-core antibody. All patients in whom it was possible to demonstrate HBcAg in liver tissue had significantly increased T cell cytotoxicity to autologous hepatocytes. These studies suggest that T cell cytotoxicity in patients with chronic HBV infection is directed against determinants resembling the hepatitis B core antigen on the plasma membrane of hepatocytes. PMID- 6982942 TI - Delivery of lethal hits by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in multicellular conjugates occurs sequentially but at random times. AB - We propose a stochastic model to explain kinetic data on the delivery of lethal hits by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in multicellular conjugates. The comparison of our model with data of Zagury et al. suggests that cytotoxic T cells deliver lethal hits at random, and when conjugated to multiple target cels these cells attack undamaged target cells one at a time. The mean rate at which lethal hits are delivered per target cell is approximately the same for conjugates containing one or two target cells but slows substantially in conjugates containing three target cells. If our model is modified so that both previously hit and unhit target cells are susceptible to being lethally hit at the same rate, a very poor fit to Zagury et al's data is obtained. This leads us to conclude that previously hit cells are either not hit again or are hit at a substantially reduced rate. PMID- 6982943 TI - Macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity: induction of macrophage tumoricidal activity by lymphokines from EL-4, a continuous T cell line. AB - Supernatant culture fluids from a phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated variant of the murine EL-4 thymoma cell line activated inflammatory macrophages for nonspecific tumoricidal activity in vitro; active supernatants fluids were not directly toxic to tumor target cells in the absence of macrophages. Macrophages treated with culture fluids of unstimulated and concanavalin A stimulated EL-4 or PMA-stimulated cells derived from any of ten other continuous T cell lines were not cytotoxic. The titer of activity in lymphokines from PMA stimulated EL-4 was similar to that from antigen-stimulated spleen cell cultures. Spleen cell and EL-4 derived activities were both retained within a dialysis membrane and destroyed by heating at 100 degrees C for 15 min. However, unlike the activity in spleen cell-derived LK, activity in EL-4 culture fluids was stable to dialysis against pH 2 buffer. Further physicochemical characterization of the EL-4 activity showed two different factors that activated macrophages for cytotoxicity: one was indistinguishable from gamma interferon (IFN) (antiviral activity, 50,000 m.w., pI 4.2 to 6.0, pH 2 labile and neutralized by anti-gamma IFN serum); the other was clearly distinct (no antiviral activity, 23,000 m.w., pH 2 stable and unaffected by anti-gamma IFN serum). These results suggest that the EL-4 cell line may produce one or more of the macrophage activation factors present in spleen cell-derived lymphokines. PMID- 6982944 TI - Cell surface phenotype of a cloned line of human natural killer cells. AB - A human cell line with strong natural killer (NK) activity lacking alloreactive cytotoxicity was derived from a primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The line was developed from a single colony grown in soft agarose and subsequently expanded in liquid culture. Several subcultures with identical reactivity were established, one of which (3.3) was studied in detail. The morphologic and phenotypic characteristics of this line were distinct from those of alloreactive T lymphocytes. While reacting with a moAb to the sheep red blood cell receptor, it lacked the well-defined pan T cell markers Leu 1 and Leu 4, as well as the markers associated with functional T cell subsets Leu 2a and Leu 3a. Further morphologic, histochemical, and phenotypic characterization revealed this cell line to be strikingly similar to the larger granular lymphocyte (LGL) population, which contains the bulk of the natural killer cell activity normally found in peripheral blood. Cold target blocking studies confirmed the NK specificity of the observed cytotoxicity. Although unlabeled NK targets readily inhibited cytotoxic activity, B-LCL bearing the stimulating antigens of the original MLC failed to inhibit lysis of NK-sensitive targets. The growth of 3.3 was strictly dependent on IL 2 CM. Absorption studies with IL 2-dependent T cells and 3.3 revealed that both of these cell populations were equally effective in removing the growth-promoting factor(s) from IL 2 CM. These data suggest that at least some of MLC-generated NK activity is mediated by a population of cells similar to if not identical to LGL. These cells, in addition, appear to depend on the same growth-promoting factor(s) in IL 2 CM as do classical T lymphocytes. PMID- 6982945 TI - C1q binding and Raji immune complex assays: a comparison using defined immunoglobulin aggregates. AB - Aggregated IgG is frequently employed as a standard in systems for the measurement of immune complexes in man and animals. In this paper aggregates prepared by heat or alkali denaturation of human IgG were fractionated by column chromatography through LKB AcA 22 Ultrogel. Heat aggregation yields preparations containing considerably more monomer than alkali treatment (47% and 6.3% respectively). The bulk of aggregated material prepared by both methods was of size 19 S or greater. Smaller aggregates were present in assayable quantities only in the alkali aggregated material. The sized fractions of aggregates IgG were tested in the presence of a human complement source for their efficiency in the C1q binding and Raji radioimmunoassay for immune complexes. Both techniques efficiently measured large aggregates (greater than or equal to 19 S) but the C1q binding assay measured smaller material with greater efficiency than did the Raji cell assay. Neither technique detected monomeric IgG. The date presented is relevant to the binding characteristics of the 2 assay systems studied and suggests that when used together they are capable of measuring immune complexes present over a wide range of sizes. PMID- 6982946 TI - Cryopreserved human cultured T cells as responder cells for the quantitative measurement of interleukin-2: improvement of the assay. AB - Large batches of human cultured T cells (CTC) were cryopreserved for later use as responder cells in a proliferation assay for measurement of interleukin (IL)-2 activity. Cryopreservation of CTC could be carried out without considerable loss in viability and cryopreserved and fresh cells showed equally good responses to IL-2. The conditions of IL-2-dependent CTC growth were analyzed, which led to a better evaluation of test results, and had important implications for the calculation of relative IL-2 activity. The repeated use of the same batch of cryopreserved CTC reduced test variability and provided an assay system that allows reliable and reproducible measurement of human IL-2 activity. PMID- 6982947 TI - Latex bead rosetting method for cell surface antigens. AB - Polystyrene latex beads coupled with anti-Ig can be used to detect the binding of specific antibodies to target cells. The optimal conditions for coupling anti-Ig to beads are described. This method is as sensitive as red cell rosetting and has the advantages that coupling is simple and the coated beads stable. PMID- 6982948 TI - A rapid and efficient method for purification of rat B cells for complement dependent cytotoxicity testing. AB - The development of an effective technique for the enrichment of rat B cells is described. This protocol is an adaptation of the 'panning' technique employing anti-Ig-coated plastic dishes. Rat B cells are bound directly to anti-rat Ig coated wells in Terasaki test plates where they are typed by complement-dependent cytotoxicity. This technique enriches class II (Ia-like) antigen-positive B cells, facilitating detection with antisera specific for rat class II alloantigens. The utility of this technique in the cell surface phenotyping of minor lymphocyte subpopulations is discussed. PMID- 6982949 TI - Partial purification of anti-DNA antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus serum by dye-ligand chromatography. AB - Purification of anti-DNA antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) serum is usually achieved by DNA-affinity chromatography. However, using DNA-cellulose, the present study has found that this technique results in very low yields of DNA binding activity, much of which is contaminated with DNA simultaneously released during chromatography. In comparison it has been found that the anionic dyes Cibracon blue F3GA and Procion red HE3B, bound to crosslinked agarose, give more than 80% recovery and purification of DNA binding activity from whole SLE serum of 11- and 7-fold respectively. The majority of serum immunoglobulin did not bind to the dyes, but that which did, including anti-DNA antibody, bound by ionic interaction. Dye-ligand chromatography is therefore suggested as a useful technique for high yield recovery of partially purified DNA binding activity which can be subjected to further purification procedures, such as preparative isoelectric focusing. PMID- 6982950 TI - The sensitization of near-ultraviolet radiation killing of mammalian cells by the sunscreen agent para-aminobenzoic acid. AB - The wavelengths of sunlight considered to be responsible for erythema and skin cancer formation are in the range 290-340 nm. Formulated sunscreens usually contain an agent that absorbs in this wavelength region, and one of the most widely used is para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Previous work has demonstrated the sensitization by PABA of the lethal and mutagenic effects of near-ultraviolet (UV) radiation in a model bacterial system. Experiments with the mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell line have now demonstrated sensitization by PABA of the lethal effect of near-UV radiation, the extent of which, after correction for absorption of UV radiation by PABA, bears a direct relationship to PABA concentration. The limitations of these results in predicting the response of human skin to the presence of PABA during exposure to UV radiation is emphasized. PMID- 6982951 TI - Human platelet-immune complex interaction in plasma. AB - The plasmas of four patients with SLE were found to contain two anti-DNA antibody populations of widely varying affinity. The addition of double-stranded DNA to the anti-DNA plasmas resulted in formation of precipitating (insoluble) and soluble immune complexes. Human platelets suspended at physiologic concentrations in the anti-DNA plasmas during the immune complex formation underwent aggregation and release that correlated positively with precipitating (insoluble) immune complex formation but not with soluble complex formation. Preformed insoluble immune complexes induced platelet aggregation and release in a significant linear fashion, and release was inhibited by increasing concentrations of soluble immune complexes or Fc-fragments. The release reaction was completely inhibited by blocking the Fc-pieces of the preformed insoluble DNA-anti-DNA immune complexes. Soluble complexes of DNA-anti-DNA and A-anti-A at equimolar IgG concentrations produced similar degrees of inhibition, which were much greater than equimolar concentrations of Fc-fragments. The ability of increasing concentrations of soluble immune complex formed at fixed antibody concentration to cause greater inhibition of platelet release suggests that occupancy of the antigen binding sites of the antibody increases its ability to block the platelet Fc-receptor. The inhibition is similar for soluble complexes of varying antigen molecular size. This is compatible with the concept that a conformational change in the antibody occurs after antigen binding and results in an increase in binding strength at the platelet Fc-receptor site. We conclude that insoluble DNA-anti DNA immune complexes induce aggregation and release of human platelets at physiologic concentrations in plasma via the platelet Fc-receptor. PMID- 6982952 TI - Blood conservation in cardiac surgery. PMID- 6982953 TI - Statistical and dimensional analysis of the neural representation of the acoustic biotope of the frog. AB - The field of investigation is the neural representation of acoustic stimuli occurring in the natural environment of the frog. The point of departure is the description of a stimulus ensemble consisting of natural sounds: the acoustic biotope. A relation of statistical and dimensional structure of the acoustic biotope is indicated. The animal used in the neurophysiological experiments is the grass frog, Rana temporaria L.; microelectrode recordings are made in the auditory midbrain. A method is described to determine the existence of a relation between acoustic stimulus and neural events. The form of this relation has been investigated by first- and second-order stimulus-event correlation. While the first one does not give significant results, the second one leads to the spectrotemporal receptive field of the neuron for natural stimuli. Questions are formulated to estimate the value of this receptive field as a functional descriptor of the neuron. Finally, an outline is sketched for a synthetic construction of the bioacoustic space from neuroacoustic subspaces. PMID- 6982954 TI - Interlaboratory variation of vitamin D1) metabolite measurements. AB - Interlaboratory variation of the measurement of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 24,25 dihydroxy vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D by six laboratories in the Netherlands was studied. Three different serum samples and two different standard solutions of each metabolite were assayed. Substantial interlaboratory variation was found for the measurement of serum samples. The mean interlaboratory CV's for the 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D assays in the three sera were 48%, 38% and 20% respectively. The measurement of standard solutions of all metabolites showed relative little variation (mean CV 8%). The small number of samples allowed no evaluation of intralaboratory variation. The much higher CV's of the measurement of serum samples, when compared to standard solutions, may be attributed to differences in extraction and purification procedures which are probably responsible for the presence of varying amounts of interfering substances during the final quantification of metabolites. PMID- 6982955 TI - [The determination of p-aminobenzoic acid in urine with Fluram for performing pancreatic function tests with bentiromide]. PMID- 6982956 TI - [alpha 1-antitrypsin: reference values in serum and plasma with benzoyl-D,L arginine-p-nitroanilide, a chromogenic substrate]. AB - Reference values for alpha 1-antitrypsin were determined using a commercially available kit for continuous assay at 25 degrees C. With a population of 100 probands aged between 20 and 60 years, a reference range of 1.4-2.4 kIU/l (1.9 3.4 g/l) was obtained for serum, and 1.4-2.1 kIU/l (1.9-3.0 g/l) for plasma. In each case, these ranges correspond to the 5th to 95th percentile. No variations according to age or sex were observed, or was any difference noted between preprandial and postprandial activities, or between values in smokers and nonsmokers. Significantly different values were found in the group of women taking oral steroid contraceptives and the group not taking such contraceptives. If the dilution of the blood sample with citrate solution is taken into account in calculating the activity in citrated plasma, it is apparent that higher values are found in plasma than in serum (median 13%): Hence, the in vivo-alpha 1 antitrypsin activity can most probably be better determined using a plasma sample. PMID- 6982958 TI - Biosynthesis of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity by frog retinas in vitro. AB - Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity has been localized to a wide variety of central nervous system neurons, including the retina. We utilized the unique advantages the retina provides for in vitro studies of nerves to examine the biosynthesis of somatostatin. Extracts of frog retinas pulse-labeled with [35S]cysteine for various time periods revealed uptake of radioactivity into material adsorbable by anti-somatostatin antibody linked to affinity beads. This uptake increased in a curvilinear fashion for 4 h and was inhibited by cycloheximide (0.2 mM) or by boiling the retinas prior to labeling. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that affinity-adsorbable radioactivity from retinal extracts decreased with time of incubation in chase medium; 89% of this decrease could be accounted for by increased in the affinity-adsorbable radioactivity of the chase medium. Chromatography of the retinal extracts on Sephadex G50 (superfine) revealed four elution peaks, whereas only one peak, co-eluted with somatostatin 14, could be identified in the medium. Chromatographic elution patterns of affinity-adsorbable radioactivity from extracts of pulse-labeled retinas incubated in chase medium for various times showed a gradual shift of radioactivity from the earlier-eluting peaks to the later ones. These studies indicate that biosynthesis of somatostatin occurs in frog retinas in vitro. The retina may be a useful model for further study of peptidergic neurons. PMID- 6982957 TI - Relation between fat and flavin content in the liver of frogs. PMID- 6982959 TI - Comparative levels of endogenous myelin basic protein-serum factors (MBP-SFs) in adult and suckling mice (B6CBAF1 and B6C3HF1, strains) and in neurologically mutant mice of the same genetic background. AB - Normal adult B6C3HF1 and B6CBAF1 mice contained at least 10 times higher levels (1.17 microM) of endogenous myelin basic protein-serum factors (MBP-SFs) than previously found in adult Lewis rats. In rat MBP-SF levels in the adult (0.03 microM) were much less than in the suckling animals (0.74 microM). In mice, by contrast, the adult (1.17 microM) and suckling (0.75 microM) levels were similar. Suckling mice from 9 different neurologically mutant strains and their clinically normal littermates had MBP-SF levels (0.5 microM) slightly below that of normal suckling mice of the same genetic background (0.75 microM). PMID- 6982960 TI - Avian vestibuloocular reflex: adaptive plasticity and developmental changes. AB - 1. This study demonstrates plasticity of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) in chickens and compares it to that of other species and to that of newly hatched chicks. Adaptive changes in the VOR were induced by subjecting the animals to combinations of visual and vestibular stimuli that simulated the effect of the VOR being either too low in gain or reversed in phase. 2. The VOR of chickens resembles that of mammals, but the curve of phase lead versus frequency seems shifted toward higher frequencies. The VOR of newly hatched chicks has extremely low gain (less than 0.1). 3. In both the older and newly hatched animals, the VOR gain increased substantially after 2 h in an environment in which the imposed en bloc rotations produced increased retinal image slip in the normal directions. Similarly, 2 h of reversed retinal image slip produced decreased VOR gain and, in some cases, reversal fo the phase of the VOR. The gain changes were largest at the "training" frequency. The phase changes were in the direction of increased phase lead. Changes in the gains of the optokinetic responses and of the combination of VOR and optokinetic responses were also seen, especially in the newly hatched animals. 4. The newly hatched birds showed the largest VOR changes in the increased-gain situation, whereas the older birds showed the largest changes in the reversed-phase situation, as assessed by the changes in the average retinal slip velocity experienced. These results may well not be a consequence of differences in age, per se, but of differences in average retinal slip experienced in the two experimental situations at the start of the trial because of the lower VOR gain of the newly hatched animals. There seems to be no dramatic difference in VOR plasticity between newly hatched and older birds. 5. Our results with reversed visual motion are substantially different from those obtained in similar studies on rabbits, suggesting that these two species use different error signals to control the adaptive adjustment of the VOR. PMID- 6982961 TI - Ventricular size and isotope cisternography in patients with acute transient rises of intracranial pressure (plateau waves). AB - The size of the ventricular system and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow were determined in 17 patients with plateau waves, using computerized tomography (CT) and isotope cisternography. Some patients had increased intracranial pressure (ICP) resulting from space-occupying lesions and other causes, and some had normal ICP observed in normal-pressure hydrocephalus. The size and shape of the ventricular system during plateau wave phases as ascertained by CT showed little or no change as compared with its size and shape during the interval phases between two waves. It was also noticed that, in patients with supratentorial masses, the midline shift showed no difference in degree between the two phases. These findings suggest that there is little change in the intracranial CSF volume between the two phases, that is, there is little compensatory outflow of the intracranial CSF for the ICP variations. These results may also support the assumption that the plateau waves are not caused by an intermittent obstruction of the CSF pathways. Isotope cisternography showed a marked delay of clearance of radioactivity from the intracranial CSF in 15 patients. The cisternographic pattern in patients with increased ICP and the absence of ventricular dilatation demonstrated an abnormally large accumulation of radioactivity over the cerebral convexities, and the pattern in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus showed complete obstruction of the subarachnoid space over both cerebral convexities. These observations suggest that, in patients with plateau waves, there is a marked delay in CSF absorption. The authors postulate that the reduction of CSF absorption may create a critically tight condition within the cranial cavity and act as a contributory factor in the development of the plateau waves. PMID- 6982962 TI - Clinical characteristics and CT findings in lipoma of the cerebellopontine angle. Case report. PMID- 6982963 TI - Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for assessment of hepatic lesions. AB - Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and conventional scintigraphy were compared in 130 patients examined to assess hepatic involvement in malignant disease. Transmission computed tomography (TCT) served as the reference method against which SPECT and conventional scintigraphy were compared. The sensitivity of SPECT was calculated for lesions grouped according to diameter as well as location. The Bayesian theorem was used to assess the reliability of both SPECT and conventional scintigraphy. SPECT identified only 52% of lesions with a diameter of 1.5-2.0 cm. It was also shown that the sensitivity of SPECT was lowest for small lesions in the middle third of the liver. A comparison of the final diagnosis demonstrated that SPECT had greater sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy than conventional scans, and is superior at low disease prevalence. At high disease prevalence, SPECT has a lower rate of false negatives. SPECT appears to be the superior imaging modality for evaluation of the liver in malignant disease. PMID- 6982964 TI - Demonstration of a right ventricular infarction with tomographic thallium myocardial imaging. PMID- 6982965 TI - Attenuation compensation in single-photon emission tomography: a comparative evaluation. AB - Attenuation of photons in single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) makes three dimensional reconstruction of unknown radioactivity distributions a mathematically intractable problem. Approaches to approximate SPECT reconstruction range from ignoring the effect of photon attenuation to incorporating assumed attenuation coefficients into an iterative reconstruction procedure. We have developed a computer-based simulation method to assess the relative effectiveness of attenuation compensation procedures. The method was used to study four procedures for myocardial SPECT using an infarct-avid radiopharmaceutical, Tc-99m stannous pyrophosphate. Reconstructions were evaluated by two criteria: overall (sum-of-squares) accuracy, and accuracy of lesion sizing. For moderate- to high-contrast studies there were no significant differences among the reconstructions by either evaluation criterion; for low contrast ratios the iterative method produced lower sum-of-squares criterion; for low contrast ratios the iterative method produced lower sum-of-squares error. We conclude that the additional expense of the iterative method is not justified under the conditions of this study. The approach used here is a convenient tool for evaluating specific SPECT reconstruction alternatives. PMID- 6982966 TI - Radiation absorbed dose estimates for positron emission tomography (PET): K-38, Rb-81, Rb-82, and Cs-130. AB - Radiation absorbed dose estimates were made for K-38, Rb-81, Rb-82, and Cs-130, potential radionuclides for myocardial and brain studies with positron emission tomography (PET). Biodistribution data for K-42, Rb-86, and Cs-137 in rats were used, together with the most recent radiation absorbed dose computational techniques and data. Renal radiation absorbed doses for K-38, Rb-81, Rb-82, and Cs-130 were estimated to be 56, 120, 19, and 150 mrad, respectively, per mCi administered. Corresponding radiation absorbed doses in the heart were 42, 54, 13, and 68 mrad/mCi. Radiation absorbed doses in the brain of 1.3, 3.5, 0.25, and 3.7 mrad/mCi were estimated for these four radionuclides. PMID- 6982967 TI - Increased accumulation of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-glucose in liver metastases from colon carcinoma. AB - Three patients with liver metastases from colon carcinoma were studied with 2 deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose (F-18-FDG) using positron emission tomography. The radioactivity in the metastatic tumor increased continuously following the injection of F-18-FDG, whereas it decreased in normal liver tissue. This resulted in the tumor to normal-liver ratio of 3.3-4.7 at 50 min after injection. The liver tumor was visualized as an increased accumulation of radioactivity in all patients, with the central area of the tumor showing less activity. These preliminary results suggest that F-18-FDG may be useful as a positive imaging agent for the detection and characterization of liver tumors. PMID- 6982968 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 6982969 TI - Beta-lactamase activity and cross-resistance to different cephalosporins of in vitro selected cefamandole-resistant variants of Enterobacter cloacae. PMID- 6982970 TI - Effect of folate compounds on the accumulation of methotrexate and the activity of dihydrofolate reductase in liver, kidney and small intestine of the mouse. PMID- 6982971 TI - Laser diffraction studies of sarcomere dynamics during 'isometric' relaxation in isolated muscle fibres of the frog. AB - 1. A study has been made of changes in sarcomere length and tension which occur during relaxation from isometric (;fixed ends') tetani in isolated muscle fibres of the frog. Sarcomere lengths were calculated from measurements of the separation of the zero-to-first-order intensity maxima in diffraction patterns generated by illuminating small segments of fibre with a He-Ne laser. Diffraction spectra were recorded continuously on cine-film using the method of ;streak' photography.2. Many sarcomeres in a muscle fibre are found to undergo active shortening during relaxation, at the expense of others located elsewhere which become passively extended. The time of onset of changes in sarcomere length coincides with the well known ;shoulder' on the tension record, and their amplitude is maximal at the time when isometric force approaches zero. The original pattern of sarcomere lengths is only re-established after tension has disappeared.3. The variability in the pattern of sarcomere length changes during relaxation was studied in a sample of twenty fibres, by making ;streak' recordings from successive 1 mm segments along the entire length of each fibre. This survey showed that segments which elongate are located predominantly, though not exclusively, close to the fibre ends. The fractional length of the fibre which underwent shortening was found to vary considerably in different preparations. In many ;streak' recordings the first order line fragmented into several distinct intensity maxima.4. The effects of varying the initial fibre length on the time course of the tension decay and on the accompanying changes in sarcomere length were studied. The range of fibre lengths investigated corresponded with sarcomere spacings of 1.9-3.2 mum. The rate constant, R, for the exponential (later) component of the tension decay decreased with increasing fibre length and this was accompanied by a reduction in the mean amplitude of sarcomere shortening [Formula: see text] and lengthening [Formula: see text]. However, the time interval during which sarcomeres shortened or elongated increased, and so the mean velocities of sarcomere length changes ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) also displayed an inverse dependence upon fibre length.5. The effects of altering temperature (0-20 degrees C) on the time course of the changes in sarcomere length and tension were investigated. The time to onset of the length changes, t(1), the time to maximum amplitude, t(2), and the time to full recovery, t(3), all decreased exponentially with increasing temperature, but to differing extents. Temperature co-efficients for the velocity of sarcomere length changes during the interval t(2) - t(1) and for the fast tension decay were 2.47 ([Formula: see text]), 2.54 ([Formula: see text]) and 2.45 (R). The rate of the slow tension decay (before the tension ;shoulder') also increased with temperature, with a Q(10) of 2.43.6. The complex patterns of sarcomere length changes seen during relaxation appear to be due to variations in the duration of mechanical activity in different fibre segments. A model is presented which shows that the characteristic form of the tension decay can be accounted for by the progressive emergence of local inequalities in the relative strengths of adjacent sarcomeres, as relaxation proceeds. PMID- 6982972 TI - Angiodysplasia of the colon: a post-mortem study. PMID- 6982974 TI - Localization of gastrointestinal bleeding with technetium 99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy. PMID- 6982973 TI - Characterisation of an unusual bacterium isolated from genital ulcers. AB - The preliminary characterisation of an unusual gram-negative bacillus isolated from genital ulcers in Swaziland is reported. Like Haemophilus ducreyi, it is an oxidase positive, nitrate-reductase-positive gram-negative rod that forms streptobacillary chains in some circumstances; it was therefore called the "ducreyi-like bacterium" (DLB). Distinguishing features of DLB are production of alpha-haemolysis on horse-blood agar, stimulation of growth by a microaerophilic atmosphere and by a factor produced by Staphylococcus aureus, a strongly positive porphyrin test, and a remarkable ability to undergo autolysis. DLB had a guanine + cytosine value of c. 50 mole% but it cannot be classified, even at the genus level, until more taxonomic data are obtained. PMID- 6982975 TI - Growth factor dependence of pheochromocytoma cells in chemically defined medium. AB - We have previously described the isolation of a clonal pheochromocytoma cell line (PC-G2) which responds to nerve growth factor (NGF) [Goodman and Herschman, 1978] and epidermal growth factor (EGF) [Goodman et al, 1980] with increased specific activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). This cell line thus can be used for studies of induction of a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines using a homogeneous cell population under controlled environmental influences. However, the need for serum in the culture medium used to grow these cells still introduced a lack of total environmental control. Several laboratories have circumvented this problem by growing cells in chemically defined medium. In the present report we demonstrate that with a modification PC-G2 cells can survive and grow in the chemically defined N3 medium devised by Bottenstein and Sato [1979]. While another pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12, was shown to grow in N3 medium without any supplement [Bottenstein et al, 1979], the PC-G2 cells exhibit an absolute requirement for NGF or EGF in order to grow in this chemically defined medium. As was the case in the induction of TH in serum-containing medium [Goodman and Herschman, 1978; Goodman et al. 1980], EGF was found to be 100 times more potent than NGF in the support of growth of the PC-G2 cells. In the present report we demonstrate not only that either of these growth factors will support the growth of the PC-G2 cells, but also that the relative potency of these two factors for support of the cell growth is similar to their relative potencies in the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase in serum-containing medium. PMID- 6982976 TI - Genetic specificity of DNA synthesized in the absence of T4 bacteriophage gene 44 protein. AB - Upon infection of Escherichia coli B with T4 phage with DO amber mutation in gene 44, a minimal amount of phage DNA is synthesized. This progeny DNA is, for the most part, covalently attached to the parental DNA. Analysis of the genetic representation of this DNA was performed by hybridization to cloned genetic segments. It was shown that areas preferentially replicated differ from origins observed in "normal" replication: under normal conditions, there is a strong origin in the genetic area of genes 50-5 and lack of initiation within the group of genes 40-43 and 35-52. In contrast, in the absence of the gene 44 protein, the genetic area of 50-5 is underrepresented, genes 35-36, tRNA, and genes 40-41 are the most prominent among progeny DNA, and the area of gene 39 is least represented. Since the area of gene 35 is known from the genetic data or other to be a high-frequency recombination area, and since the area of gene 39 is known to display a low frequency of recombination, we postulate that the observed uptake of label occurs at the site-specific recombinational intersections. PMID- 6982977 TI - T lymphocyte induction of metastatic tumors in the nude mouse model. PMID- 6982978 TI - Effects of diethylstilbestrol and estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) on lymphoid cell populations and mitogen responsiveness in male mice. AB - Concentrations of diethylstilbestrol phosphate (DES-P) and estramustine phosphate (EMP) above 10(-5) M in cultures of spleen lymphocytes from adult male mice resulted in a dose related inhibition of both Con A and LPS induced lymphocyte proliferation. Male mice injected with 5.6 mg./kg. DES daily for 7 days had a significantly reduced responsiveness to both Con A and LPS compared to mice injected with olive oil only. Spleen lymphocytes from male mice treated with 100 mg./kg. EMP showed a reduction of Con A induced mitogenesis whereas they exhibited a significantly enhanced response to LPS. The effects of DES and EMP on Con A and LPS induced blastogenesis were abolished within 2 weeks after cessation of treatment. DES treatment resulted in preferential depletion of splenic and lymph node T lymphocytes and a disproportionate T lymphocyte subpopulation with respect to Ly subclasses. Exposure to 30 or 100 mg./kg. EMP resulted in a dose related loss of mononuclear cells both in spleen and lymph nodes. T lymphocytes predominantly of the Ly 1 phenotype were most sensitive to EMP. Co-cultures of spleen lymphocytes from normal mice and Mitomycin C blocked spleen cells from either normal of treated mice (DES or EMP) gave no convincing evidence of suppressor cell activity in the population of spleen mononuclear cells. PMID- 6982979 TI - Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in homosexual men dying of acquired immunodeficiency. AB - Five homosexual men dying at UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, with acquired immunodeficiency and Pneumocystis pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma, or cryptosporidiosis since May 1981 have all had mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex cultured from tissues taken just before death or at postmortem examination. Each man had histological evidence of disseminated mycobacterial infection. Acid-fast organisms were seen in macrophages in the lung, spleen, and lymph nodes in all cases and in a variety of additional organs in two cases. Other severe infections were always found at postmortem examination -cytomegalovirus, cryptosporidiosis, and Pneumocystis. Disseminated M avium intracellulare infection has been so striking in homosexual males dying with acquired immunodeficiency at our institution that we believe a vigorous search for mycobacteria should be made in all such patients. Empiric therapy for mycobacterial infection may be justified in selected cases of immunodeficiency before a specific microbiological diagnosis. PMID- 6982980 TI - [Immunologic phenotype of acute leukemia, with reference to FAB classification of acute leukemia]. PMID- 6982982 TI - [Three cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with hematological disorders]. PMID- 6982981 TI - [Studies on human T cell colonies (2). T cell colony formation in patients with aplastic anemia and the effects of steroid hormones on T cell colony formation]. PMID- 6982983 TI - [Combination chemotherapy using adriamycin as a principal drug and supportive therapy of adult T-cell leukemia]. PMID- 6982984 TI - [Autoantigen and hybridoma autoantibody]. PMID- 6982985 TI - [Large scale production of immune cell producing factors and biotechnology]. PMID- 6982986 TI - [Analysis of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and lymphocyte subsets and lymphocytophilic antibodies in ulcerative colitis defined by monoclonal antibody]. PMID- 6982988 TI - [Studies on serum specific protein levels in lead-exposed workers]. PMID- 6982989 TI - Phase I and early phase II studies on human urinary colony stimulating factor. AB - This report demonstrates the first trial for the clinical application of human urinary colony stimulating factor (CSFHU) which was highly purified and well characterized in our laboratory. In the Phase I study, 6 healthy volunteers were administered with 2.5 x 10(5) to 10(6) units of CSFHU intravenously. CSFHU did not show any severe side effects, although slight depression of maximum blood pressure was observed in the group injected with 10(6) units CSFHU and one volunteer who received 5 x 10(5) units CSFHU complained sweating and itching during the infusion. In the Phase II study, six cases suffering from leukocytopenia induced by anticancer drugs or irradiation were treated with 7 day intravenous CSFHU injections. Although recovery of leukocyte number was not observed in the group injected with 7 x 10(6) units CSFHU, complete or partial recovery of leukocyte and granulocyte number was observed in the group injected with 1.3 to 1.4 x 10(7) units CSFHU. Phase II study in a large scale is under way to evaluate further the effectiveness of CSFHU on leukocytopenic patients. PMID- 6982990 TI - Immunological studies on an unusual case of primary pulmonary amyloidosis with hilar adenopathy. AB - A rare case of primary pulmonary amyloidosis with hilar lymphadenopathy is described. Immunological studies showed decreases in serum IgG and IgM levels. However, both pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced IgG production and proliferation of peripheral blood B cells were not disordered. The response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to stimulation with PWM, phytohemagglutinin, or concanavalin A was found to be normal. In addition, the proportion of E and EAC rosette-forming cells in PBL from this patient did not differ from that in PBL from normal donors. The positive response of skin test to recall antigens also gave an evidence that the patient had not a depression in systemic cell-mediated immunity. These findings contrast with those previously described for systemic amyloidosis in man and in animals. PMID- 6982987 TI - [T cell subsets identified by monoclonal antibodies in liver diseases]. PMID- 6982992 TI - [A case of renal cell carcinoma considered to secrete colony stimulating factor]. PMID- 6982991 TI - Pathogenesis and clinical features of cerebrovascular diseases. PMID- 6982993 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter sputorum ssp. mucosalis from proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy in pig. PMID- 6982994 TI - Establishment and characterization of a human colony-stimulating factor-producing cell line from a squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. AB - A human colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-producing cell line, T3M-5, has been established in vitro from a squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland transplanted into athymic nude mice [congenitally athymic BALB/c (nu/nu) mice; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan]. Contaminating fibroblasts derived from a host nude mouse were eliminated by treatment with antiserum raised against nude mouse cells. T3M-5 cells have been continuously propagated during 3 years. The cells grew in a monolayered sheet with about 22 hours of population-doubling time and showed about 40% plating efficiency. The cells exhibited an epithelium-like morphology resembling the structure of the original tumor and showed tumor takes when inoculated into nude mice. Chromosome analysis revealed the cell line to be a human aneuploid line with a hypertriploid mode. The cells possessed the characteristic function of human CSF production in vitro and produced marked neutrophilia in tumor-bearing nude mice that were inoculated with the cultured cells. The molecular weight of the CSF was estimated at about 27,000 and was stable over the pH range 1.0-9.0 at 4 degrees C for 21 hours. The CSF activity was destroyed by either trypsin or chymotrypsin, but it resisted neuraminidase, DNase, and RNase. The cells could be well propagated in roller bottles. About 100 liters of the conditioned medium was obtained with the roller bottle culture method, which formed approximately 500,000,000 colonies of human bone marrow cells. The rate of recovery of CSF activity from the gel filtration column was high (68.9%). This cell line is therefore expected to aid in the large-scale preparation of human CSF. PMID- 6982995 TI - Evidence for involvement of mast cells in tumor suppression in mice. AB - Mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice had an increased tumor incidence after subcutaneous treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene, compared with that in normal congenic mice treated in the same way. This increased tumor incidence was suppressed to the normal level when the carcinogen was given after the mast cell deficiency had been overcome by transplantation of bone marrow cells from normal congenic mice. The W/Wv mice, however, were not defective in natural killer and T-cell-mediated cytotoxic activities. These results support the hypothesis that mast cells are involved in tumor suppression. PMID- 6982996 TI - The impact of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the postcesarean patient. AB - Nurses need to be actively involved in current research on TENS therapy. A thorough in-service training program for all nurses involved in the TENS program must be developed in order for nurses to knowledgeably assist their patients in maximal adaptation to TENS therapy. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy is not a panacea in postpartal pain management. It can be argued that TENS is another extension of technology interfering with the original natural simplicity of the birthing process; however, further research in the technique needs to be conducted before TENS can be rejected as such. Ultimately, the goal of postpartal care for the cesarean-birth family is to allow the parents to enjoy the birth experience without the dangers of the past and the, at times, unnecessary interference of the present. TENS therapy may be a means toward that end. PMID- 6982997 TI - [Case of successful multiple application of frequent stimulation of the left ventricle through the esophagus to prevent supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia]. PMID- 6982999 TI - [Further indications for corneal incision]. AB - The results of operations for disjunctio epithelialis corneae following recurrent keratitis herpetica and injury are reported. The operation is indicated in every chronic or recurrent corneal disease where circumstances do not allow keratoplasty to be carried out; the pain can be alleviated by incisio corneae. PMID- 6982998 TI - [Endarterectomy during aortocoronary shunting]. PMID- 6983000 TI - [Suggestions for the design of a modern anomaloscope]. AB - Three variants of a new anomaloscope principle are described. This principle is distinguished by the fact that for generation of the mixed color and the reference color three interference filters with narrow band widths are used instead of an expensive dispersion prism. In the first variant the brightness of the mixed color field and the reference field is determined by three detectors (silicon diodes) and kept constant taking the relative spectral response into consideration. The degree of anomalous color vision present is indicated digitally by a microprocessor whose interface also permits data processing equipment to be connected. The second variant uses only one detector which sequentially pulses the three light sources and distributes the results to different signal channels for further processing. In the third variant, measurement is performed in the same way as in the second variant but with only one light source. Fiber optic bundles illuminate of the mixed color and reference fields and also permit adaptation of the eye to neutral. In this case additional optical attenuators are required to keep the luminance of the fields constant. An advantage shared by all three variants is that they have virtually no moving parts, employing monochromatic filters and cemented prism blocks with high quality electronics. This has made it possible to produce a compact, rugged and efficient new-generation anomaloscope, which renders the considerable calibration and maintenance work previously necessary superfluous. PMID- 6983001 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in congenital achromatopsia]. PMID- 6983002 TI - [The problems of the decrease in periventricular density due to hypoxia in computer tomograms of new-born infants]. AB - 200 premature and mature neonates with clinical evidence of hypoxia or traumatic encephalopathy were examined by cranial computerized tomography (CT) during the first two weeks postnatally. The findings were compared with those in a "control group" consisting of 14 neonates with extraneural malformations. Cerebral hemorrhages were easily identified by their high density, in CT images. Bilateral areas of lowered density within the periventricular white matter, however, could not always be attributed to irreversible tissue damage prior to about 14 days after the hypoxic event in term newborns, and in preterm infants even later. During this early period of life an apparent decrease of periventricular density was regularly observed that must not be mistaken for a pathological change. In two cases persistent periventricular areas of decreased density were caused by neuropathologically verified foci of incomplete leucomalacia. PMID- 6983005 TI - Perioperative myocardial infarction caused by atheroembolism. AB - We have demonstrated a phenomenon occurring during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) which has not been previously described. Thirteen instances of fatal perioperative myocardial infarction following CABG were associated with intraoperative atheromatous embolization in the coronary microcirculation. In five cases the emboli originated from ulcerative atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root at the site of the vein graft ostia; in two cases they likely emanated from coronary endarterectomy sites; and in two cases from mechanical disruption of plaques in the major epicardial coronary arteries during the operation. These nine cases occurred during initial revascularization procedures. We have performed 4,095 initial CABG procedures, and the nine cases represent a risk of 0.22%. A further four cases occurred during repeat CABG procedures and resulted from manipulative disruption of atheroma in old vein grafts. Our total number of repeat CABGs is 175, and the risk at reoperation is 2.29%; this represents a tenfold increase in risk for this complication at reoperation. Inadequate histologic sampling of the myocardium at autopsy will necessarily result in underestimation of the incidence of this phenomenon. Analysis of angiograms prior to repeat CABG can identify patients at increased risk who have severe graft atherosclerosis as opposed to myointimal hyperplasia. To reduce the incidence of atheroembolism at reoperation, we advocate ligation of the vein graft at the level of the distal anastomosis as early as possible during dissection on reopening the chest. PMID- 6983004 TI - [Inhibition of vestibular nystagmus using visual fixation]. PMID- 6983003 TI - [Role of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in bone mineralization under hypokinesia in the rat]. AB - 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, an active D3 vitamin metabolite, at a dose of 1.25 microgram/day/animal prevents bone osteoporotic changes, effectively stimulating the diaphyseal and epiphyseal mineralization, and corrects hypocalcemia of hypokinetic rats. 24,25(OH)2D3 at the above dose does not increase nephrocalcinosis or does not produce the toxic effect as measured by body mass variations. PMID- 6983007 TI - [Basic immunology. How immunity works]. PMID- 6983008 TI - Estimation of degradation rate of acetylcholine receptor by external gamma counting in vivo. AB - We describe a novel method for estimating the rate of destruction of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) associated with the motor end-plate in the living animal. After the intramuscular injection of a nontoxic dose of alpha bungarotoxin that had been monoiodinated with 125I (125I-BGT), the loss of radioactivity from the injected site is monitored by an externally positioned gamma counter. Two days after labeling, the decline of radioactivity in the injected muscle parallels the decline of end-plate specific radioactivity and can be used for the estimation of the degradation rate and half-life of end-plate AChR. Using this method, we measured AChR half-life in normal and in myasthenic rats and found a 2.5-fold decrease of AChR half-life in the myasthenic animals. This in vivo method has potential clinical applications. PMID- 6983006 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and coronary atherosclerosis. Results of coronary artery bypass alone and myectomy combined with coronary artery bypass. AB - Twenty-one patients with combined coronary artery disease and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) have had coronary artery bypass grafting alone (Group I, n = 7) or in combination with left ventricular septal myectomy (Group II, n = 14). Patients ranged in age from 46 to 73 years (mean 59 years). There were no operative deaths, but one Group I patient died 16 months after operation. Patients in Group I have had continuing symptoms after the operation, whereas Group II patients have had consistent relief of symptoms. Patients with documented IHSS and coronary atherosclerosis should undergo combined coronary bypass and septal myectomy if symptoms recur with medical management. PMID- 6983009 TI - [Hyperinfestation by Strongyloides stercoralis]. PMID- 6983011 TI - [Coronary bypass surgery and its long-term results]. PMID- 6983010 TI - Antipyretic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of coumarin in the rabbit after endotoxin administration. AB - The antipyretic effect of coumarin (C) and the drug disposition of C and its metabolites, 7-hydroxycoumarin, 7-HOC, and 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide, 7-HOCG, upon endotoxin challenge were studied in an animal model. A parallel design was used with 6 rabbits each in the following groups: control, coumarin 1 mg/kg I.V., endotoxin 0.125 mg/kg I.V., and coumarin 1 mg/kg I.V. plus endotoxin 0.125 mg/kg I.V. C reduces the elevated temperature significantly during the first half hour with the mean temperature difference versus time curve being lower than that for the endotoxin challenged group. Although not significant there is a trend for increased elimination half-life and apparent volume of distribution for C. The apparent volume of distribution for 7-HOC and 7-HOCG increased significantly, and the elimination half-life of 7-HOCG increased significantly. PMID- 6983012 TI - [Fatal colonic hemorrhage--relation to antiphglogistic therapy]. PMID- 6983013 TI - [Neuro-otologic diagnosis of tumors of the posterior cranial fossa--delayed auditory evoked potentials also on the opposite side]. AB - We report on patients from a combined neurosurgical neuro-otological group (N = 36) in whom we were able to show that in tumours of the posterior cranial fossa, the acoustic evoked potentials may be -normal on the healthy side; -delayed on the healthy side, too, and improved post-operatively; -delayed on the healthy side postoperatively only. The relevant constellation of findings is mainly determined by the localization and size of the tumour, and hence by compression of the brain stem with or without occlusive hydrocephalus in the fourth ventricle. The observations suggest that mere comparison of the latency differences of both sides does not exhaust the possibilities of ERA; and, rather, that it is necessary to record the responses from both sides over the usual audiometric range of sound intensity and to correlate them both to the norm latencies and to the individual audiometric image. PMID- 6983014 TI - [Visuovestibular interaction in the regulation of body posture]. AB - Visual stimulation can provoke egocentric illusory movements or changes of posture. Therefore, vestibulo-spinal tests were usually performed with eyes closed. A more sensible method seems to be the "visual stabilization", which is obtained by means of a box fixed on the head and with eyes open. In this manner, body instability due to vestibular disorders becomes more apparent. PMID- 6983015 TI - Overpressure in treatment of Meniere's disease. AB - Influence of ambient pressure changes on the hearing levels in Meniere's disease was previously demonstrated, using a pressure chamber. The present report concerns a new method for management of Meniere's disease by local application of overpressure. The experimental background and methodologic considerations in therapy are summarized. Five illustrative cases of verified Meniere's disease are presented. The patients had advanced, nonfluctuating hearing loss and incapacitating vestibular symptoms. Long periods of remission were obtained in all cases. Improvement of hearing was a major clinical consideration in the treatment. Use of local overpressure seems to offer possibilities of improving hearing even in advanced stages of Meniere's disease. Despite the disabling pretreatment hearing loss, hearing in these 5 patients was restored to normal or serviceable levels. The follow-up period was about 2 years from start of treatment. PMID- 6983016 TI - [Rational use of antirheumatic agents]. PMID- 6983017 TI - Corticotrophin releasing factor, grooming and ingestive behavior. PMID- 6983019 TI - [Documentation tasks of internal medicine]. PMID- 6983020 TI - [Vestibular vertigo attacks]. PMID- 6983018 TI - Intraventricular corticotropin-releasing factor enhances behavioral effects of novelty. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor was administered into the lateral cerebral ventricles of rats. Sixty minutes later, animals were tested in an open field conflict test or in their home cages for a variety of behaviors which have been shown to be related to the degree of responsiveness to novelty. CRF, in a dose related fashion, altered the frequency of those behaviors which are normally expressed in response to the novel environment. Specifically, CRF caused an increase in grooming and decreases in the amount of rearing, the number of approaches to a food pellet placed in the center of the open field, the amount of food eaten in both the open field and the home cage and a decrease in the mean amount of food eaten per approach to the food pedestal. PMID- 6983022 TI - [Expert testimony in vibration disease in inland navigation employees]. AB - 110 inland navigation workers, exposed to vibration and noise, have undergone electronystagmographic examinations. 61.7% subjects have developed disturbances of vestibular organ. The occurrence of those disturbances has been found to vary with the duration of vibration - and - noise exposure i.e. with the employment system. The 24 - hr - system poses a greater risk of vestibular organ disturbances than the 12 - hr - system. The investigation should promote setting up some certification of the vibration disease in water transport workers. PMID- 6983021 TI - [Nephropathy in the prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6983027 TI - Mechanism for signaling initiation and termination of B lymphocyte proliferation induced by anti-immunoglobulin. AB - Several lines of evidence were explored which taken together indicate that both the initiation and the termination signal for activation of rabbit lymphocytes to synthesize DNA in response to anti-rabbit immunoglobulin occurs at an immunoglobulin receptor on the surface membrane of B cells. Thus, the premature removal of anti-rabbit immunoglobulin by simply washing the cells at the 31st hour of a 48-h incubation period caused a 60% decrease in the induction of DNA synthesis. The addition of rabbit immunoglobulin to compete with B cell surface immunoglobulin for the combining sites on anti-rabbit immunoglobulin yielded a markedly diminished activation. Addition of rabbit immunoglobulin even during the latter part of a pulse label period with [3H]-thymidine was sufficient to result in reduced activation. Finally, insoluble anti-rabbit immunoglobulin at the same nominal concentration as soluble anti-rabbit immunoglobulin also was effective in inducing cells to DNA synthesis. However, it is noteworthy that under the incubation conditions used it was not possible to derive a soluble component from insoluble anti-rabbit immunoglobulin which stimulated DNA synthesis. These data have been interpreted to indicate a need for a continuous surface presence of anti-rabbit immunoglobulin to stimulate activation in a process that is not dependent upon internalization of anti-rabbit immunoglobulin. PMID- 6983030 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in multiple-sclerosis lesions. PMID- 6983029 TI - Screening for risk of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6983023 TI - [Cytochemical and immunological studies of workers exposed to organic solvents of paints and lacquer. III. Rosette formation and the tuberculin and distreptase skin tests]. AB - Thirty nine workers, aged 24-56, occupationally exposed for 55-122 months to organic solvents, of paints and lacquers containing benzene, toluene and xylene, underwent E rosette test and skin reactions: tuberculinic and the one with distreptase. The findings were: reduction of the number of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and proper immunological response of cellular type. The authors indicate that it has not been settled whether or not the observed phenomenon results from actual change in the number of T lymphocytes or from inhibiting, or damaging, the surface cellular receptors by organic solvents. The E rosette test may be useful for monitoring the biological effects of exposure to the mentioned substances. PMID- 6983025 TI - Failure to detect antibodies to klebsiella in the sera of patients of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6983024 TI - In vitro action of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on matrix organization and mineral distribution in rabbit growth plate. AB - Growth plates of 18-day-old rabbits were incubated in a protein-free synthetic medium, either without any additive, with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25 (OH)2D3] (10(-10) M), with 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25-(OH)2D3] (10( 10) M and 10(-9) M), with both metabolites, or with the ethanol solvent alone. Cartilages, before and after 5 days of incubation, were studied by light and electron microscopy. The intracellular calcium distribution was analyzed by the potassium pyroantimonate method, and the calcium content was verified by x-ray microprobe analysis. When compared to nonincubated samples the cartilages incubated for 5 days without any additive as well as the cartilages incubated with the solvent alone showed excessive hydratation and hypertrophy of the chondrocytes, which had lost their columnar arrangement. The matrix and the cells were devoid of mineral. The ultrastructure of the cells was well preserved. These changes were largely prevented by the presence of both vitamin D3 metabolites. With regard to calcium distribution, 1,25-(OH)2D3 maintained calcium in mitochondria and crystals in matrix vesicles, whereas 24,25-(OH)2D3 only partly maintained mitochondrial mineral. In the chondrocytes incubated with this latter metabolite, small calcium granules were seen in the cytoplasm; most vesicles were devoid of crystals, and amorphous precipitates were seen in the matrix. These data demonstrate the in vitro influence of vitamin D3 metabolites on the organization and mineralization of the cartilage matrix and on the distribution of intracellular calcium in chondrocytes. Furthermore, they support the hypothesis that the in vitro action of 1,25-(OH)2D3 is different from that of 24,25-(OH)2D3 in that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may influence calcium storage in mitochondria and matrix vesicles, whereas 24,25-(OH)2D3 is likely to be involved in calcium transport and release. PMID- 6983031 TI - Retinal cotton-wool patches in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6983028 TI - Interaction of C1q with DNA. AB - With the aim of clarifying the relationship between the activation of the first component of complement (C1) by immunoglobulin and by polyanions, the mode of interaction of C1q with DNA was investigated by structural and inhibition studies. DNA inhibits C1q binding to IgG immune complexes (ICs) through binding to C1q rather than to IgG, as seen from two lines of evidence. Firstly, DNA does not bind to ICs under conditions where full binding to C1q is observed. Secondly, at I - 0.15, DNA inhibits more strongly when mixed first with C1q rather than with ICs. The inhibition of C1q-IgG binding by DNA is subject to kinetic factors. Firstly, DNA is not an effective inhibitor if added after C1q has bound to ICs. This at least in part reflects a portion of the IgG-bound C1q that exchanges only very slowly with free C1q. Secondly, the relative rates of association of C1q to DNA and ICs at different ionic strengths are important in determining whether inhibition is observed. The existence of a kinetic effect in the inhibition by DNA means that inhibition experiments cannot be used to establish whether DNa binds to the same site on C1q as IgG. This question was therefore approached by structural studies. Precipitation of C1q with DNA was greatly diminished by heat or pH 4.45 denaturation of C1q, by pepsin digestion to remove the globular heads, and by limited modification with 1, 2-cyclohexanedione. In contrast, extensive modification with methyl acetimidate only had a limited effect. In these respects the structural requirements for C1q-DNA precipitation were similar to those for C1q-Igg binding, as would be consistent with binding of DNA and IgG to nearby or overlapping sites on C1q. In view of residual DNA-precipitating activity in the pepsin fragment preparation of C1q, there is the possibility that there are additional DNA sites on the collagenous tails. PMID- 6983026 TI - Spontaneous improvement of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Until recently, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was the most common cause of death in patients with leukemia in remission. Prior to the advent of effective antimicrobial agents, this disease was virtually 100% fatal in the cancer patient undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. The spontaneous improvement of P carinii pneumonitis in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia suggests a higher incidence of P carinii pneumonitis in immunocompromised patients than is commonly realized. PMID- 6983032 TI - Propranolol for gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis. PMID- 6983034 TI - T-cell hybridomas which produce B lymphocyte replication factors only. PMID- 6983033 TI - Circulating immune complexes and in vitro cell reactivity in paracoccidioidomycosis. PMID- 6983035 TI - LFA-1 but not Lyt-2 is associated with killing activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte hybridomas. PMID- 6983036 TI - Adult thymectomy does not alter the proportion of T cells of the Ly 123 subclass. PMID- 6983037 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at North Carolina Memorial Hospital. PMID- 6983039 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and other opportunistic infections]. PMID- 6983038 TI - [A combination of a frequently occurring and rare blood coagulation disorder both acquired at the same time]. PMID- 6983040 TI - [Von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6983041 TI - [Is immune complex glomerulonephritis due to idiotypic interactions between immunoglobulin molecules?]. PMID- 6983042 TI - On the prolactin-inhibiting effect of neurotensin. The role of dopamine. AB - Neurotensin (NT) when injected in a dose of 5 micrograms into the third cerebral ventricle of conscious, unrestrained male rats, outfitted with chronic third ventricle and jugular cannulae, decreased the resting prolactin (PRL) levels. NT (5 micrograms) also markedly inhibited the PRL-releasing effect of activation of central serotonin receptors by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP, 15 mg/kg) in animals pretreated with fluoxetine (4 mg/kg). however, interruption of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission by either alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha MT, 250 mg/kg) or spiroperidol (0.3 mg/kg) led to a blockade of the PRL-inhibiting effect of NT. Treatment of animal with alpha MT prior to the injection of fluoxetine and 5HTP also blocked the PRL-inhibiting effect of NT. These results suggest that the central dopaminergic system mediates the PRL-inhibitory effect of NT. PMID- 6983043 TI - Enhancement by progesterone of 5-hydroxytryptophan inhibition of the copulatory response in the female rat. AB - A study was made of the influence of different hormonal treatments used to induce copulatory behavior in ovariectomized female rats (lordosis behavior), on the effects of an endogenous increase of 5-HT or catecholamines achieved by DL-5-HTP and L-Dopa. The lordosis response (LR) has been shown to be inhibited by increased serotonergic and catecholaminergic neuronal activity. The 5-HT agonist lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has been found to inhibit the LR. This effect was recently shown to be enhanced by increasing doses of progesterone. In the present study it was demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan was also potentiated by increased doses of progesterone. However, the effect of DL-5-HTP on spontaneous behaviors in an exploratory situation was not influenced by progesterone treatment. In contrast to the results with DL-5-HTP, progesterone had no modulating effects on the lordosis-inhibiting action of the catecholamine precursor levo-dopa. This elective effect on the influence of a progesterone-dependent response suggests a direct relationship between 5-HT mechanisms and the progesterone action involved in the LR. Possible mechanisms underlying the observed interactive effect of progesterone and serotonin on lordosis behavior, such as a progesterone-induced alteration of serotonergic transmission, are discussed. PMID- 6983044 TI - Glucose utilization of cerebral gliomas measured by [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. AB - Positron emission tomography was used to measure local cerebral glucose utilization by the 1-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose technique in 23 patients with cerebral gliomas. All 10 high-grade (III and IV) astrocytomas demonstrated a region of high activity with a glucose consumption of 7.4 +/- 3.5 (SD) mg/100 gm per minute. The 13 low-grade (I and II) gliomas had a glucose metabolic rate of 4.0 +/- 1.8 mg/100 gm per minute, with no distinctly visible hot spot. Thus, we found a correlation between rate of glycolysis and malignancy in primary cerebral tumors. Cerebral cortical glucose utilization was often depressed in areas adjacent to or neurally connected to the tumor site, and there was focal irregular delta wave EEG activity in these areas. PMID- 6983045 TI - [Lesions caused by suture threads in gastrectomized patients. Personal observations]. PMID- 6983047 TI - Maternal health and health care in 150 Auckland mothers. AB - One hundred and fifty Auckland mothers of preschoolers were interviewed about their mental health, child rearing problems and the medical care sought for these. There was a high level of satisfaction with motherhood, and with the quantity and quality of family medical care. However, stress and psychosomatic symptoms were common, though frank depression unusual. Only occasionally was medical care sought and psychotropic drugs prescribed for these problems which were handled by stoicism, extended family and community support. Sleep problems in children were common and often resulted in medical consultation and prescription of antihistamines. Except in this respect there was no evidence of medical overtones. PMID- 6983046 TI - [In vitro basophil degranulation test in the study of IgE sensitization of basophils to nuclear antigens in collagen diseases]. PMID- 6983049 TI - [Newly discovered aspects of tumor metastasis formation]. PMID- 6983048 TI - Superficial annular corneal dystrophy, ichthyosis nigrans, microcephaly and mild mental subnormality. A case report. PMID- 6983050 TI - Eosinophilia, granuloma formation and migratory behaviour of larvae in the congenitally athymic mouse infected with Toxocara canis. AB - Peripheral blood eosinophilia, histology of skeletal muscle and brain, and larval recovery were compared between congenitally athymic nude mice (nu/nu) and thymus bearing heterozygous littermates (nu/+) for 6 weeks following oral infection with Toxocara canis eggs. By comparing patterns of peripheral blood eosinophil levels in nu/+ and nu/nu, two types of eosinophilias, one T cell dependent and the other independent, were observed. Eosinophil infiltration and granuloma formation around larvae in the skeletal muscle were weaker in degree in nu/nu than nu/+. The total number of larvae in nu/+ decreased from 2 to 6 weeks after infection. This decrease was directly related to a decrease in larval number in skeletal muscle, not in brain or other tissues. In contrast, no significant decrease of the total number of larvae was observed in nu/nu. The results indicate that eosinophilia, granuloma formation and larval recovery are closely related to cell mediated immune mechanisms in T. canis-infected mice. PMID- 6983052 TI - [Adrenogenital syndrome caused by steroid-21-hydroxylase deficiency in a 9-month old boy diagnosed by urinary steroid analysis using gas chromatography]. PMID- 6983051 TI - Interleukin 2 secretion by sensitized cells from mice infected with Nematospiroides dubius: kinetics and specificity of the response. AB - The lymphokine Interleukin 2 (IL2) is secreted by T lymphocytes from mice infected by the murine parasitic nematode Nematospiroides dubius upon in vitro re stimulation by specific parasite antigens. This study showed that the lymphocytes secreting IL2 were located in the lymphoid tissues draining the site of infection as well as in the spleen and peritoneal cavity of infected mice. There were marked fluctuations in the numbers of IL2 secreting cells in the posterior gastric lymph nodes and the peritoneal cavity at various times following single or multiple infections. However, there was no correlation between the appearance of IL2 secreting cells in infected mice and the development of resistance to re infection by third stage larvae (L3). The specificity of the IL2 response for N. dubius antigens was demonstrated by the finding that antigen preparations from other helminths did not stimulate a response. It was also found that living but not killed N. dubius L3 could stimulate IL2 secretion, emphasizing the importance of living L3 in the induction of resistance to re-infection. PMID- 6983053 TI - Phloretin sensitive active urea absorption in frog skin. AB - This report presents evidence for urea active absorption by isolated skin of Rana esculenta. One of the supporting factors of such evidence is that at a low concentration the urea influx is five times greater than the outflux, in the absence of a chemical gradient. The transport shows a saturation kinetics with an apparent Km = 1.33 mM and is inhibited by un uncoupling agent (FCCP). 5 x 10(-4) M Phloretin, added to the external side, markedly inhibits inward urea transport, whereas it is ineffective when added to the serosal fluid. This provides evidence for a phloretin-sensitive mechanism located at the external side of the epithelium. Phloretin stimulates the sodium active transport; the possible coupling of urea and sodium movement is analysed. PMID- 6983054 TI - Time courses of late after-potentials following tetanus or single shock in skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Characteristics of the late after-potential (LAP) of amphibian skeletal muscle fibers were studied in low chloride solutions. The LAP elicited by tetanus was larger in magnitude and slower in its course than the LAP elicited by single spike. The results are in quantitative agreement with predictions based on the theory that the LAP is produced by a potassium accumulation in the transverse tubular system and its time course determined by a diffusion process of the potassium from the tubular lumen into the outside. PMID- 6983056 TI - [A new antinuclear antibody: the anticentromere]. PMID- 6983055 TI - Effects of veratrine and tetrodotoxin on the frog lens potential in normal and calcium-free media. AB - The membrane potentials of posterior fibers of the isolated American bullfrog lens were measured in Ringer solution containing various external Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca]0) by using a conventional glass microelectrode technique. The reduction or removal of [Ca]0 evoked a rapid depolarization of the lens potential whereas the increase of [Ca]0 had almost no effects on the membrane potential. The magnitude of depolarization in Ca2+ -free medium was augmented by adding veratrine but reduced by either the addition of tetrodotoxin (TTX) or the reduction of external Na+ concentration. A slight depolarization still remained after the blockade of Na-channels by adding TTX and developed progressively during a successive exposure of lens to Ca2+-free media. It was concluded that veratrine-sensitive rapid and large depolarization in the frog lens fibers bathed in Ca2+-free medium results from a marked elevation of Na+ permeability but that the TTX-insensitive time-dependent depolarization may depend on the loss of K+ content in lens fibers. PMID- 6983057 TI - [Prevention of gastroduodenal complications in coronary surgery. Usefulness of preoperative fiberoscopy]. AB - Fiberoscopic examination of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum was carried out in 60 coronary disease patients prior to aorto-coronary bypass. Lesions of the upper digestive tract were detected in one-third of the patients; half of them were asymptomatic. The management of these cases depended upon the urgency of the cardiovascular operation. In 17 cases, a 1-month treatment of the digestive lesions with antacids and cimetidine was instituted immediately after fiberoscopy, and revascularization was performed 8 days later. In 3 cases, the cardiovascular operation was postponed; after 1 month of treatment only one patient had active lesions on control fiberoscopy and had to undergo digestive surgery prior to aorto-coronary bypass. No gastroduodenal complications of cardiovascular surgery was observed in this series. PMID- 6983058 TI - [Association of Bessel-Hagen-Ollier disease and mesothelioma]. PMID- 6983059 TI - Laser therapy: light surgery. PMID- 6983062 TI - Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage--an unusual presentation of carcinoid tumours. PMID- 6983060 TI - Chronic otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6983061 TI - The patient who hurts all over: practical approach to diagnosis and management. PMID- 6983063 TI - Leptospirosis. PMID- 6983065 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 6983064 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency by amniotic fluid steroid analysis. AB - The concentration of 17OH-progesterone was measured in second trimester amniotic fluid samples from 12 mothers who previously had had an infant with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. In 4 affected pregnancies, the concentrations were more than 2 S.D. higher than those determined in 44 samples from normal pregnancies (mean +/- S.D., 8.1 +/- 2.4 nmol/l). The remaining 8 pregnancies were predicted to be unaffected based on the results of amniotic fluid concentrations within the normal range. In each instance, the infant was normal. The results indicate that measurement of amniotic fluid 17OH progesterone concentrations during the second trimester is an accurate prenatal test for 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The results should be supplemented with determination of fetal sex by karyotype analysis on the amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 6983066 TI - [Active T-lymphocytes in patients with antithyroglobulin antibodies]. AB - The levels of active T-lymphocytes, having a high affinity for sheep corpuscles, and of total T-lymphocytes in patients with antithyroglobulin antibodies were studied. A significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in the active T-lymphocyte number as compared with that of the healthy donors was seen. At the same time there was no difference between the total T-lymphocyte levels among the two groups above-mentioned. Correlation between the titers of antithyroglobulin antibodies and the active T-lymphocytes level was absent. PMID- 6983067 TI - [Bronchial status in children, adolescents and young people with elevated tuberculin sensitivity]. PMID- 6983069 TI - Proliferation and differentiation of single hapten-specific B lymphocytes is promoted by T-cell factor(s) distinct from T-cell growth factor. AB - Hapten-specific B lymphocytes reactive to fluorescein were prepared from mouse spleen, placed singly in 10-microliters culture wells, and stimulated with fluorescein-polymerized flagellin in the presence of conditioned media (CM) from various concanavalin A-stimulated cloned T-cell tumors or hybridomas. Antigen plus appropriate CM triggered 5-9% of the B cells into both clonal proliferation and differentiation into antibody-forming cells. Antigen alone stimulated 0.5 0.8% of B cells and CM alone stimulated less than 0.1%. This bioactivity was termed B-cell growth and differentiation factor(s) (BGDF). Four CM rich in T-cell growth factor (TCGF)--namely, CM from spleen and the lines EL4, T6, and 123- contained BGDF. The lines T19.1 and WEHI-3 lacked BGDF and TCGF. Four lines of evidence suggested that BGDF and TCGF were distinct molecules. First, the BGDF/TCGF ratios in the various CM varied. Second, on gel filtration, TCGF eluted as a sharp peak corresponding to a Mr of about 35,000, whereas BGDF eluted over a range corresponding to a Mr of 25,000-60,000. Third, the activity of TCGF in EL4 CM was markedly reduced by treatment with guanidine HCl while BGDF activity was not. Fourth, BGDF showed more heterogeneity than TCGF on hydrophobic chromatography. All CM or fractions active in promoting B-cell division also promoted differentiation to antibody-forming cells. These results provide unequivocal evidence that antigen and a T-cell product can synergize to directly activate a single B lymphocyte. PMID- 6983068 TI - Purification and characterization of epidermal growth factor receptor/protein kinase from normal mouse liver. AB - We have purified the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor/protein kinase from the livers of normal mice by affinity chromatography. The biochemical properties of the liver receptor are very similar to those of the EGF receptor previously prepared from the human tumor cell line A-431 [Cohen, S., Ushiro, H., Stoscheck, C. & Chinkers, M. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 1523-1531]. The liver receptor for EGF is a glycoprotein of Mr 170,000. It binds 125I-labeled EGF and possesses an EGF-stimulable protein kinase activity specific for tyrosine residues. Both autophosphorylation and kinase activity toward exogenous substrates are demonstrable. The EGF receptor purified from normal mouse liver is antigenically related to the receptor purified from human A-431 cells. PMID- 6983070 TI - Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis as a general and powerful method for studies of protein function. AB - We have used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to make a specific change in the beta-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6) (ampicillin resistance) gene of the plasmid pBR322. Evidence suggests that the active site for this enzyme may include a serine-threonine dyad (residues 70 and 71). By priming in vitro DNA synthesis with a chemically synthesized 16-base oligodeoxyribonucleotide, we have inverted the Ser-Thr dyad to Thr-Ser and thereby generated a mutant with an ampicillin sensitive phenotype. This "double-mismatch" method is relatively simple and also very general because detection of mutants is at the level of DNA and involves only colony hybridization. Accordingly, the procedure can be applied to any DNA sequence and does not depend on the phenotype of the mutant. PMID- 6983071 TI - Rhodopsin-to-metarhodopsin II transition triggers amplified changes in cytosol ATP and ADP in intact retinal rod outer segments. AB - We have observed rapid, light-initiated changes in unbound cytosol ATP and ADP during the rhodopsin-to-metarhodopsin II transition in intact rod outer segments (ROS). Upon illumination of the ROS, ATP is rapidly removed from the unbound phase of ROS, accompanied by the concomitant release of ADP into the cytosol. The exchange process involves decreases of approximately equal to 0.5 mM ATP in ROS cytosol ATP content in response to a saturating flash. At levels of light well below saturation (less than 0.001% bleach), the process is highly amplified, with a decrease in cytosol ATP of approximately equal to 2,000 ATP molecules per absorbed photon per ROS. Rapid time-resolution techniques reveal that cytosol ATP content decreases rapidly, within 250 msec of a saturating flash. Bleaching rhodopsin to metarhodopsin II results in a decrease in cytosol ATP, accompanied by an increase in cytosol ADP, whereas photoreversal of metarhodopsin II by a blue flash reverses the process, increasing ATP concentration to its control level in the dark. The photoreversibility of the ATP decrease during the rhodopsin-to-metarhodopsin II transition establishes a direct link between the state of an early intermediate of photolyzed rhodopsin and the state of a nucleoside triphosphate in intact ROS. The results are consistent with a light activated exchange of unbound ATP for bound ADP, and we propose, therefore, an ATP/ADP amplification cycle in which metarhodopsin II catalyzes the exchange of ATP for ADP on a nucleotide binding protein. PMID- 6983072 TI - T-cell cloning to detect the mutant 6-thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes present in human peripheral blood. AB - Rare thioguanine-resistant T lymphocytes, present in vivo in human peripheral blood, were isolated and grown in vitro as thioguanine-resistant cultured T cells. The conditions for their selection in vitro were such that thioguanine resistance had to have arisen in vivo. The mutant cells bore T-cell surface markers, maintained their thioguanine resistance in vitro in the presence or absence of selection, and were deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity. PMID- 6983074 TI - Anti-T-cell idiotype activity in serum of mice injected with syngeneic hapten specific T-cell lines. AB - T cells able to mediate specific delayed type hypersensitivity (DH) in mice in response to the haptens azobenzenearsonate (ABA), oxazolone (OX), and picryl chloride have been grown in continuous cultures. They were tested for their ability to react with the hapten in vitro and to induce anti-idiotype antibody in syngeneic mice. Incubation in vitro with OX-glycine blocked the ability of an anti-OX cell line to produce DH in vivo but had no effect on an anti-ABA cell line. However, this was inhibited by ABA conjugated to bovine serum albumin (ABA alb) but not by irrelevant haptens such as OX-glycine or trinitrophenyl-alb. Antisera prepared by immunizing syngeneic mice with the anti-OX line blocked the inhibitory effect of OX-glycine on that line but did not reverse the effect of ABA-alb on the anti-ABA line. Neither normal mouse serum nor inappropriate anti line antisera could influence the effect of OX-glycine on the anti-OX line. When given alone to naive mice, a specific anti-line antiserum induced DH specific for the antigen to which the line was responsive. Thus, for example, antiserum directed to an anti-OX line produced OX-specific DH. The results suggest that anti-T-cell idiotype antibodies can be induced by immunizing mice with syngeneic antigen-specific T-cell lines and that these antibodies can block the specific in vitro interaction of antigen with the corresponding antigen-specific T cells and induce specific DH in vivo. PMID- 6983073 TI - Antigen-specific human T-cell hybridomas with helper activity. AB - Human T cell hybridomas were produced by fusing the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient line of the human T cell lymphoma Jurkat with a continuous line of normal human T cells specific for tetanus toxoid (TeT). The hybridomas were selected for their ability to produce interleukin 2 after exposure to TeT on semiautologous monocytes and for their ability to bind to TeT pulsed semiautologous monocytes. These antigen-specific T hybridomas demonstrated potent helper activity for semiautologous B cells as determined by the production of high levels of anti-TeT antibody in vitro. PMID- 6983075 TI - Preferential accumulation of iron in hyperplastic tissue of rat mammary gland. PMID- 6983076 TI - Inhibition of naloxone of prolactin release induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan in rats. PMID- 6983077 TI - Spontaneous production of high levels of leukocyte (alpha) interferon by a human lymphoblastoid B-cell line (LDV/7). PMID- 6983078 TI - Concomitant enhancement of B-cell mitogenesis and inhibition of antibody synthesis by a phorbol ester. PMID- 6983079 TI - Treatment by amputation and chemotherapy. PMID- 6983080 TI - Chemotherapy in osteogenic sarcoma. PMID- 6983081 TI - [Early childhood brain damage and epilepsy. Results of a clinical and electroencephalographic cross-sectional study]. AB - Among 593 children treated as inpatients because of epilepsy, 191 (32.2%) showed indications of a pre- and/or perinatal brain damage. Under partial consideration of another six children (7.8%) with postnatal brain damage, the relations of various clinical and encephalographic parameters between the time of the brain damage and the occurrence of epilepsy were studied. The risk to fall ill with epilepsy after an infantile brain damage is independent of the time the brain damage took place. Children with a perinatal brain damage, however, show the prognostically more unfavourable form of epilepsy with a higher frequency of attacks and greater difficulties of influencing the disease with drugs. Children below the age of six years predominantly showed an occipital localisation of the foci spread over several brain regions and associated with a tendency to attacks while in older children temporally localised foci occurred more frequently. PMID- 6983082 TI - Color sensation of normal and anomalous trichromats measured by magnitude estimation. PMID- 6983083 TI - Positron emission tomography (PET) and cortical localization: clinical studies in psychiatry and neurology. PMID- 6983086 TI - Biliary imaging with emission computed tomography. PMID- 6983085 TI - [Radiation damage and recovery of T-lymphocytes. 5. Recovery of T-lymphocytes in the absence of the thymus]. PMID- 6983084 TI - Employment changes among patients following coronary bypass surgery: social, medical, and psychological correlates. AB - The relations of socioeconomic and psychological factors to resumption of employment following coronary artery bypass surgery were studied using a questionnaire returned by a sample of 426 men and 70 women. The sample was drawn from the membership of Mended Hearts, Inc., a nationwide voluntary organization of persons who have had heart surgery. Preoperatively, more men (92 percent) than women (59 percent) were employed. Return to work rates were high for men (81 percent) and much lower for women (58 percent). The 395 men tended to return to work an average of 3.7 months after surgery whereas the 41 women took an average of 4.8 months. Return to work following surgery was most clearly related to socioeconomic level for both sexes. In addition, for men, those most likely to return had less postoperative morbidity and held jobs requiring little physical exertion. Patients who reported that they were forced into an early retirement represent a particularly vulnerable group in that they were more likely to experience the most postoperative morbidity. As a group, they believed that their physicians had least prepared them to return to work, and they experienced the poorest emotional adjustment. Thus, women and those forced into early retirement represent two potentially high-risk groups of patients who would seem to require additional clinical and psychological management following surgery. PMID- 6983087 TI - Pharmacoangiography in the diagnosis of recurrent massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - The source of recurrent massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding can sometimes escape detection by conventional diagnostic measures. In such situations, bleeding can be directly provoked by pharmacoangiography using vasodilators, anticoagulants, and/or fibrinolytic agents. Heparin, streptokinase, and tolazoline, used separately or in combination, can augment, prolong, or reactivate transient, covert bleeding, thereby facilitating angiographic identification and localization of the lesion. Physiological, clinical, and angiographic factors are discussed. Although rarely needed, this useful and sometimes crucial diagnostic approach demands the combined skills and support of the radiologist, clinician, and surgeon. PMID- 6983088 TI - Comparison of N-isopropyl (I-123) p-iodoamphetamine brain scans using Anger camera scintigraphy and single-photon emission tomography. AB - N-isopropyl (I-123) p-iodoamphetamine (IMP), which is extracted by the brain in proportion to regional blood flow, has been shown to be useful with single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) in the assessment of pathologic states related to blood flow. Because emission tomographic equipment is not yet available at most hospitals, the authors compared IMP brain images obtained with an Anger camera with those obtained by SPECT to determine the usefulness of IMP scintigraphy. Thirty-nine pairs of studies were performed on 12 control patients, 14 patients with stroke, three patients with tumors, and a miscellaneous group of eight patients. Planar scintigraphy showed good correlation with SPECT in determining the presence or absence of abnormality in all patients except one with a very small brain stem infarction that was not detected by planar imaging. Anger images showed poor contrast resolution compared with SPECT images. It is thus expected that SPECT will result in better lesion detection when smaller lesions are studied. Planar scintigraphy is not capable of providing quantitative measurement of regional cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6983089 TI - N-isopropyl(I-123)p-iodoamphetamine brain scans with single-photon emission tomography: discordance with transmission computed tomography. AB - Transmission computed tomography (CT) brain scans were compared with N-isopropyl (I-123)-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain scans to determine if there was a correlation between morphology, as seen on CT, and cerebral perfusion changes detected by IMP SPECT. In 12 patients with acute stroke, four showed no discordance between the edema seen on CT and perfusion deficits seen on IMP SPECT; five had positive IMP scans while initial CT scans were negative and follow-up CT scans demonstrated edema in the region of perfusion deficit seen on the IMP scans; and in four patients, the average perfusion deficit was 2.3 times greater than the edema shown on CT at 2 cm above the canthal-meatal line. In nine control patients, there was a 2.3% difference in IMP activity between the right and left hemispheres. The 12 stroke patients showed 30.3% less IMP activity in the abnormal hemisphere compared with the normal side. Three patients, one with temporal lobe seizure, one with hemiballismus, and the third with idiopathic intention tumor, had 54% greater IMP activity on the side of movement or seizure than on the normal side. The discordance between IMP and CT scans was clearly demonstrated in cases in which CT showed no abnormality but IMP provided information on function, reflected in increased or decreased cerebral perfusion. PMID- 6983090 TI - [Nosologic significance of hiatal hernia]. PMID- 6983092 TI - The new Rcn president. Interview by Pauline Chudley. PMID- 6983091 TI - The paradox of nursing. PMID- 6983093 TI - [Duodenal schwannoma]. PMID- 6983094 TI - [Cytotoxic phenomena in bladder carcinoma. Lymphocytes, interactions of autologous immunoglobulins and prognostic significance]. PMID- 6983095 TI - Effect of bovine horn cancer serum on E-rosetting capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal unaffected animals. AB - The effect of serum from horn cancer affected bullocks and cows on E-rosetting capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from unaffected control animals was examined. The E-rosette counts were made using 2-aminoethyl isothiouronium bromide (AET) treated sheep red blood cells. A significant decrease in the percentage of EAET rosette forming cells was noticed when PBL were incubated with 50 per cent serum from animals affected with horn cancer. However, no such effect was noticed when PBL were treated with 50 per cent serum from unaffected control animals. A linear relationship was observed between percentage of EAET rosette forming cells of animals affected with horn cancer and E-rosette inhibitory activity of the corresponding serum on PBL from control animals. PMID- 6983096 TI - Restoration of E-rosette formation by levamisole and its abrogation by autochthonous serum from cattle with squamous cell carcinoma of horn. AB - The effect of levamisole on the erythrocyte rosette (E-rosette) forming capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from eight horn cancer affected and an equal number of unaffected control animals was studied in vitro. There was an appreciable increase (from 38.75 +/- 2.91 to 56.90 +/- 2.37) in the number of E rosette forming cells when peripheral blood lymphocytes from horn cancer affected animals were treated with levamisole. However, no significant variation in E rosette values was noticed when peripheral blood lymphocytes from control animals were treated with this drug. This restorative effect of levamisole on E-rosetting capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was abrogated (mean value 39.50 +/- 3.07) when peripheral blood lymphocytes were first treated with levamisole and then incubated in the presence of 50 per cent autochthonous horn cancer serum. PMID- 6983097 TI - [Knotting of the Swan-Ganz catheter in the subclavian vein]. PMID- 6983098 TI - [Quantitative study using monoclonal antibodies of regulatory lymphocyte subpopulations in the course of the Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome]. PMID- 6983101 TI - [Regression of the cerebellar syndrome under long-term administration of 5-HTP or the combination of 5-HTP and benserazide. 26 cases quantified and treated using computer methods]. AB - A quantitative evaluation of cerebellar ataxia, with an ataxia score (total, static, kinetic) and the measurement of objective values related to the major symptoms, is proposed. 21 patients with heredo-ataxias were treated for 12 months with high doses (16 mg/kg/day) of D-L-5-HTP, L-5-HTP or the association D-L-5-HTP (16 mg/kg/day)-Benserazide(6 mg/kg/day). A computerized processing of the data obtained by regular examination was performed. The ataxia showed a significant regression at the 12th month, mainly in the static performances and in the speed of speech. L-5-HTP appeared to be more active than D-L-5-HTP. The regression of the cerebellar ataxia was also observed in non degenerative conditions such as multiple sclerosis and surgical injury of the anterior lobe vermis, showing that 5-HTP was active on the cerebellar syndrome in general. The regression of the cerebellar ataxia was very slow in inherited diseases and continued for 2 or 4 months after the treatment stopped. A serotoninergic cerebellar control of motricity is discussed. PMID- 6983100 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: evaluation and perspectives. Apropos of 1000 instances of assay and genetic typing]. PMID- 6983099 TI - [Diagnostic value of antinuclear antibodies in internal medicine. Retrospective analysis of 1734 cases]. PMID- 6983102 TI - [Quantitative study of the suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex by visual fixation in otoneurological disorders]. PMID- 6983104 TI - [Compounds of the beta-lactam group as inhibitors of beta-lactamases]. PMID- 6983103 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma with exclusive mandibular localization (apropos of a clinical case)]. PMID- 6983105 TI - [Problem-oriented medical records of the Child Health Center of the Department of Pediatrics of the University Clinical Hospital of Valencia]. PMID- 6983107 TI - Total and local hemodynamic changes in rats following intramuscular administration of a radioprotective mixture of cystamine and mexamine. PMID- 6983106 TI - [11th scientific session of the Charles University Medical School in Prague. Rheumatic diseases. Prague, 8-9 April 1982. Abstracts of papers]. PMID- 6983108 TI - Changes of the rat brain acetylcholinesterase activity following head irradiation: effect of the inhibitors of proteosynthesis and cholinesterase. PMID- 6983109 TI - Contribution to the analysis of the postirradiation repair kinetics early after whole-body lethal gamma irradiation in rats. PMID- 6983110 TI - Treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias using plasma exchange. PMID- 6983111 TI - Some points on threshold effects and action spectra in porphyria cutanea tarda. PMID- 6983112 TI - Experience of an active regimen in the treatment of massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. AB - Three-hundred and ninety-five cases of massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage were treated in the Surgical and Anaesthesiological Departments of the University Hospital in Linkoping over a 5-year period. The mortality was 13%, or 10% when oesophageal varicosities are excluded. Results of a consistent policy concerning surveillance, diagnostic measures, and different forms of therapy are described. From the surgeon's point of view, emphasis is laid on the importance of endoscopy as a means of decreasing the number of exploratory gastroduodenotomies and increasing the proportion of patients in whom surgery is directed against a known source of bleeding. This leads to an enhancement of surgical expediency. PMID- 6983114 TI - Abnormalities of immunocompetent cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic progressive liver disease frequently associated with various immunological abnormalities. We have studied the influence of normal and PBC adherent cells (AC) on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) colony growth both in liquid and soft agar culture. Co-culture experiments with different combinations of AC and PBL of PBC patients and normal donors provided evidence that PBC adherent cells function abnormally. However, this impaired function is not the sole factor involved, since the number of colonies formed by PBC lymphocytes in the presence of normal AC was twice the normal value. The possibility that this increase is correlated with the state of activation of T cells is discussed in the light of the high number of DR-positive T cells found in the PBC patients studied. Finally, none of these immunological abnormalities was related to the stage of the disease. PMID- 6983115 TI - Development of a serum-free defined culture medium for lymphoblast transformation tests of mouse spleen and thymus cells. AB - By analysis of thymidine uptake during the first 4 h of incubation and by examining the responsiveness of unfractionated mouse spleen cells upon mitogenic or allogeneic stimulation, some serum factors of major importance for in vitro cultivation of lymphocytes have been examined. Albumin and l-alanine are essential for the maximal preservation of the in vivo-initiated lymphocyte activity during the first hours of incubation in vitro. Transferrin plays a major role in the lymphocyte proliferation, induced by mitogens in vitro, and, finally, zinc and selenium exert a clear enhancing effect on the response to an allogeneic stimulation. The AATSZ medium (RPMI 1640 enriched with l-alanine, albumin, transferrin, zinc chloride, and sodium selenite) enables a proliferation of the same magnitude as or higher than FCS medium. The kinetics are the same, and the cell viability is comparable, but standardization is much simpler with AATSZ. This is primarily because FCS binds some mitogens and contains inhibitors. Consequently, the standardization of such a culture system is dependent on variations from serum batch to serum batch. On the other hand, the current composition of the AATSZ medium promotes the sticking capacity of T lymphocytes and does not support growth of all lymphoid cell lines. Consequently, this defined medium, although not yet suitable as optimal medium for all lymphocyte functions, can advantageously be used for short-term studies of most murine lymphocyte functional and cooperation studies in vitro. PMID- 6983113 TI - Expression of Ia-like antigen in lymphatic leukaemias and non-hodgkin lymphomas in correlation with other surface markers. AB - Ia-like antigen, surface Ig, E-rosettes, mouse red blood cell rosettes and further surface markers were investigated in 88 specimens from 69 patients with various lymphocytic leukaemias and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Ia-like antigen was detectable in all cases of sIg+ leukaemias and lymphomas. E-Ia+sIg-leukaemias, especially CLL and lymphomas were interpreted as B-cell neoplasias, which either did not produce sIg or expressed it in undetectable amounts. E+Ia+sIg+ malignant lymphocytes represented a B-cell population with antibody activity of sIg to SRBC. In the present series 9.5% of all B-cell leukaemias and lymphomas demonstrated this phenotype. Whereas ALL may possess Ia-like antigen, the vast majority of mature T-cell lymphomas are lacking it. In the present series 2 T cell lymphomas expressed Ia-like antigen and did not contain TdT (E+Ia+sIg-TdT-). These lymphomas are probably derived from a stimulated T-cell clone synthesizing Ia-like antigen. PMID- 6983116 TI - Increased number of IgG Fc receptors on monocyte-enriched peripheral blood leucocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The number of free Fc receptors (FcR) per cell and the association constant (Kass) for the binding of monomeric IgG were determined for monocyte-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells, isolated from 16 patients with active classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from 15 normal healthy donors. The assay system was based on binding under equilibrium conditions of 125I-labelled monomeric rabbit IgG to monocytes purified from peripheral blood on a continuous gradient of Percoll. Monocytes from 14 untreated RA patients (6 seropositive, 8 seronegative) expressed on the average 4.8 +/- 1.3 x 10(4) FcR/cell. This number was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than that found in the control group (34. +/- 0.7 x 10(4) FcR/cell). There was also a significant difference between the mean Kass of the RA group and the control group--2.1 +/- 0.7 x 10(8) l/mol and 2.6 +/- 1.0 x 10(8) l/mol, respectively (0.05 greater than P greater than 0.01). Two seropositive RA patients receiving systemic treatment with penicillamine expressed the same number of FcR/cell as the mean of the control group (3.6 x 10(4)). Levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and the complement-factor C3 split product C3d were also measured. No correlation was found between the number of FcR/cell and the concentration of C3d, but there was a weak correlation between the number of FcR/cell and the level of CIC. PMID- 6983120 TI - [Use of the Texas Instruments SR-56A pocket calculator. III. Determination of phagocytic activity of leukocytes]. PMID- 6983118 TI - Modulation of mouse natural killer cell activity by the serum thymic factor. AB - After mice had been treated with serum thymic factor (FTS), we observed an increase or a decrease in the NK activity, depending on the duration of treatment and mouse strain: an increase of C57BL/6, BALB/c, A, and nu/nu, and a decrease for NZB and CBA mice. The fact that treatment of C57BL/6 mice with FTS produces the same effects as thymectomy--that is, an increase--on the NK activity and returns the augmented NK activity of thymectomized mice to normal levels suggests that FTS has multiple effects with different results depending on the level of differentiation of the target cells. Different mechanisms of action of FTS on NK cells are discussed. PMID- 6983117 TI - In situ characterization of mononuclear cells in rheumatoid tissues, using monoclonal antibodies. No reduction of T8-positive cells or augmentation in T4 positive cells. AB - The reactivity of monoclonal mouse anti-human antibodies specific for mononuclear cell surface antigens were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique in frozen synovial tissue sections from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Most of the proliferating synovial lining cells were positive for HLA-DR antigens and monocyte-specific antigens, since they reacted with the OKIa1 and OKM1. Cells positive for HLA-DR and monocyte antigens were also seen scattered or in small nests in the synovial stroma, probably representing synovial cells or monocytes/macrophages. Some of the HLA-DR-positive cells may also be B lymphocytes or activated T cells. Endothelial cells were also HLA-DR antigen positive. Monoclonal antibodies with specificity for all T cells (OKT3), for helper/inducer cells (OKT4), and for suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT8) reacted with cells often located in follicle-like structures around vessels. Cells with the T4 phenotype tended to be located in the centre of the follicles, whereas the T8 positive cells were more peripherally situated. In most instances fewer cells were positive for the T8 than for the T4 marker. In some instances there was as many T8-positive cells as T4-positive cells. Complete lack of T-lymphocyte subpopulations was not seen. PMID- 6983119 TI - Induction of cell-mediated cytotoxic self responses by epidermal cells modified with a haptenic sulphydryl reagent. AB - Murine epidermal cells (EC) act as stimulator cells in the generation of allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) and are suitable targets for allogeneic and hapten-self CTL. To analyse the role of EC in the generation of and recognition by anti-self CTL, syngeneic hapten modified murine EC were used as in vivo and in vitro stimulating populations and as target cells in a hapten-self CML system. Epidermal cells were modified with the sulphydryl-reactive haptenic reagent N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulphonic-1 naphthyl)ethylenediamine (I-AED). C3H.SW (H-2b) AED-self CTL responses were generated by stimulation with syngeneic AED-modified EC and were readily demonstrated when tested on syngeneic hapten-modified EC. These CML responses were hapten-specific and H-2 restricted. No substantial difference was detected in the ability of AED-modified EC and spleen cells (SC) to stimulate the generation of secondary AED-self CTL. Cold target inhibition experiments with hapten-modified EC and SC blockers did not reveal tissue-specific recognition of hapten-modified EC or SC targets by AED-self CTL. These findings demonstrate that hapten-modified EC, when used for priming in vivo and subsequently for in vitro sensitization, can induce hapten-specific self CTL that are reactive against syngeneic hapten-modified EC. PMID- 6983122 TI - [Use of a piezoresistant transducer for taking and recording an apex cardiogram]. PMID- 6983123 TI - [Differences in visual evoked responses in man during stimulation of the upper or lower half of the visual field]. PMID- 6983125 TI - [Use of the SR-56A Texas Instruments pocket calculator. V. A survey of calculations for the evaluation of T-lymphocyte determination]. PMID- 6983121 TI - [Use of the Texas Instruments SR-56A pocket calculator. IV. Calculation of the percentage of rosettes - T-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6983126 TI - [Use of the SR-56A Texas Instruments pocket calculator. VI. Centrifugation - reciprocal conversion of the R (G) and N (rpm) values, differential separation]. PMID- 6983124 TI - [Apparatus for measured isometric loading]. PMID- 6983127 TI - [Dynamics of changes in the pathologically nidating placenta during pregnancy and its evaluation using gray scale ultrasonography]. PMID- 6983128 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of congenital developmental defects using the ultrasonic gray scale method]. PMID- 6983129 TI - [Problem of drug absorption (particularly of sodium salicylate) from the digestive tract in relation to age]. PMID- 6983130 TI - [Comparison of EEG and CT findings in cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 6983131 TI - [Metastases of malignant tumors into the brain]. PMID- 6983132 TI - [Social activities of old people living alone]. PMID- 6983134 TI - [Changes in H3-thymidine incorporation and DNA content in the bone marrow cells after irradiation]. PMID- 6983135 TI - T-lymphocyte immunology and hominoid evolution. PMID- 6983133 TI - [Subjective complaints and old age]. PMID- 6983136 TI - Surface-immunoglobulin D of B-lymphocytes and clotting. PMID- 6983137 TI - Assessing patients for coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6983139 TI - Mechanics and energetics of contraction in thick and in thin filament regulated muscles. AB - The striated adductor muscle of the sea scallop, P magellanicus, and the semi tendinosus muscle of the frog, R pipiens, exhibited certain similarities and differences in mechanical and energetic properties. Scallop and frog striated muscle exhibited similar isometric: (a) mechanical twitch kinetics, (b) twitch to tetanus ratios, and (c) contractile economies. There were significant differences between scallop and frog muscle in that scallop muscle demonstrated: (a) a 30% lower maximum isometric force, (b) an inability to maintain force during a tetanus, and (c) a transient potentiation of twitch force after a tetanus associated with a transient decrease in contractile economy. Finally, it is clear that the present study, although contributing mechanical and energetic information of the scallop striated adductor muscle, does not consider the type of contraction normally induced by the scallop in vivo, a shortening, working contraction. It has been suggested (3 17) that swimming in the scallop may be most efficient when the load is high (approximately one-half of the force that can be generated) and the velocity of shortening of the striated adductor is low. This situation is somewhat different than would be predicted in frog muscle where efficiency is highest when velocity of shortening is relatively high and load is relatively low (about one-third of the maximum force that can be generated). A comparison of the mechanical efficiency versus load relation during working contractions in scallop and frog muscle might produce further interesting results. PMID- 6983138 TI - Correlation between exponential processes and cross-bridge kinetics. PMID- 6983140 TI - Diversity of regulatory mechanisms and regulation in smooth muscle. PMID- 6983141 TI - Intestinal vascular ectasias: a new look at an old disease. AB - Seventeen patients had rectal bleeding and intestinal vascular ectasia. Actual bleeding from the ectasia was seen in five patients. The average age of the 17 patients was 60.2 years, but 41% were under the age of 60. Melena was common initially. Both colonoscopy and angiography had a high degree of diagnostic accuracy, but angiography failed to demonstrate some lesions seen by colonoscopy. We consider these examinations complementary. Intraoperative endoscopy with transillumination was of value of determining the distribution of those lesions that had not been completely demonstrated by colonoscopy and angiography. We have used intraoperative endoscopy to guide the eventual amount of bowel resection, and intraoperative marking with this technic has resulted in a more specific pathologic examination. There has been no operative mortality. Six patients have re-bled from sources other than vascular ectasia. PMID- 6983142 TI - Behcet's disease with multiple sites of gastrointestinal involvement. AB - A 40-year-old man with Behcet's disease had esophageal, ileal, and colonic ulcerations complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation. Ileocolonic resection was followed by recurrence of intestinal ulcerations with peritonitis and death. Gastrointestinal Behcet's disease shows a wide range of sites of involvement and types of lesions. Specific therapy is lacking, and surgical resection of involved organs is complicated by a high recurrence rate. PMID- 6983143 TI - Myocardial revascularization: results relative to extensiveness. AB - We analyzed 13,788 patient-years of follow-up of 2,628 consecutive patients who had had primary isolated coronary artery bypass. We then assessed late results relative to the number of coronary artery bypasses done. There were no significant differences in the incidence of survival, angina-free status, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, repeat coronary artery bypass, or cardiac deaths relative to the number of bypasses in patients with single or double vessel disease. Patients with three vessel disease had significantly increased incidence of angina-free status and significantly decreased incidences of nonfatal acute myocardial infarctions and repeat coronary artery bypass with increasing number of bypasses performed. In this study, we found no advantage in performing increasing numbers of bypasses in patients with single or double vessel disease, but there was definitely such an advantage in patients with triple vessel disease. PMID- 6983144 TI - Streptokinase reperfusion and early surgical revascularization in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - During a 21-month period, 150 patients with acute myocardial infarction were offered entry into a study comprising emergency cardiac catheterization, streptokinase infusion for thrombus if present, and coronary artery bypass surgery where appropriate. Forty refused or were excluded, and served as a control group. Approximately 80% of the remainder had coronary thrombosis and obtained benefit as a group from streptokinase reperfusion. Among the 44 who had coronary artery bypass mortality was low except in those having cardiogenic shock at the time of operation. Those without coronary thrombosis appeared to have a better result from early than from delayed operative revascularization. It appears that both streptokinase reperfusion and early coronary artery bypass have a beneficial role in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6983145 TI - Peripheral blood eosinophil levels in rats infected with Breinlia booliati (Filarioidea: Onchoceridae). PMID- 6983146 TI - [Kartagener-Zievert syndrome and chronic blepharoconjunctivitis]. PMID- 6983148 TI - [Blood loss in gastrointestinal hemorrhage and principles of replacement therapy]. PMID- 6983147 TI - [Bronchocytogram and microflora of the bronchial tree in dust-caused bronchitis]. PMID- 6983149 TI - Clone size potential and sensitivity to colony-stimulating activity: differentiation-linked properties of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. AB - Previous studies using semi-solid agar cultures of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells have shown that proliferative capacity (clone size potential) and the degree of sensitivity of clone-forming cells to the specific granulocyte macrophage regulatory colony-stimulating activity (CSA) are closely linked AML cell properties. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this association is confined to AML cells or whether the linking of these two properties in AML represents retention of an association occurring in normal granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cell populations. Bone marrow cells from normal donors were studied using four independent techniques to enrich for clonogenic cells with different clone size potentials (equilibrium density centrifugation, adherence to microcarrier beads, osmotic lysis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting). It was shown that mean clone size was directly related to the mean CSA threshold (amount of CSA required to stimulate 50% of the cells to clone formation). Further studies (including analysis of the kinetics of production of clonogenic cells with different clone size potentials in suspension culture) suggested that these two properties were linked to differentiation, with proliferative capacity decreasing and sensitivity to CSA increasing as cells differentiate down the granulocyte-monocyte pathway. PMID- 6983150 TI - Stimulatory activity for human pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors produced by a human T-lymphocyte cell line. PMID- 6983151 TI - Effect of a stimulating factor on granulopoiesis in sublethally irradiated mice. AB - Sublethally irradiated mice were used as a model for an in vivo study of the effect of the stimulating factor present in rat leukophoretic serum (LS). LS was obtained from rats with inflammation induced by polyvinylpyrrolidone. Irradiated mice were injected i.v. with 0.2 ml LS, normal rat serum or Parker 199 medium, respectively. Animals were sacrificed 24, 48 and 72 h later. The obtained data indicated that LS stimulated the proliferation of granulocytic cells in the period observed. PMID- 6983152 TI - Effect of radiation and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide on thymic regulators of erythropoietic growth. AB - In vitro growth of erythroid progenitors (BFU-e and CFU-e) from mouse bone marrow (BM) can be influenced by the addition of graded doses of thymocytes (THY). At low THY:BM ratios (1:50), inhibition of erythroid growth occurred, whereas at high THY:BM ratios (20:1), enhancement of erythroid growth was observed. Experiments were designed to examine the sensitivity of the thymocytes to gamma radiation or treatment in vitro with an alkylating agent, 4 hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC), to determine if two subpopulations with different physical characteristics were responsible for these observations. We reasoned that if there were selective effects of either radiation or drug treatment on enhancement or inhibition, this would provide evidence for separate populations which regulated erythroid cell growth by cell-cell interaction. At the small doses of drug or X-ray studies (i.e., 10 microM 4HC or 3.0 Gys), elimination of the inhibitory effect of low THY:BM ratios resulted. Enhancement of erythroid growth was unaffected by drug or radiation until 80 microM 4HC or 30.0 Gys were employed. Fresh putative inhibitory thymocytes (low numbers) added to either 4HC or radiation-treated inhibitory cells restored the suppressor effect on erythroid growth. The helper effect, however, was not restored by the addition of fresh thymocytes. We conclude that there are at least two populations which provide (a) an inhibitory influence that is relatively sensitive to radiation and cyclophosphamide in vitro, and (b) an enhancing effect which is relatively insensitive to these treatments. PMID- 6983153 TI - Growth of macrophage colonies from normal canine peripheral blood: morphological, cytochemical and functional parameters. AB - Canine macrophage colonies were grown at high colony-forming efficiencies (average of 4.5 macrophage colonies/10(4) mononuclear cells plated) from gradient separated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The colonies were first observed on day 5 of the culture period, reached maximum numbers between days 10-14, and differed kinetically from CFU-GM colonies. Colony cells had typical macrophage morphology at the cellular and ultrastructural levels, were nonspecific-esterase positive, specific-esterase negative, and were actively phagocytic. Colony growth in semisolid cultures and 3H-TdR incorporation in liquid cultures occurred following stimulation with rabbit anti-canine immunoglobulin antisera (anti-Ig), anti-bovine serum albumin and normal rabbit serum. Addition of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me) to stimulated cultures significantly enhanced the proliferative response. A maximal response was obtained using anti-IgM and 2-ME. Preincubation of anti-Ig with goat anti-rabbit IgG or purified canine immunoglobulin in the presence or absence of 2-ME significantly reduced the proliferative response, suggesting the presence of both specific and nonspecific components of stimulation. The growth of canine macrophage colonies from peripheral blood provides a method for non invasive, sequential and kinetic studies of macrophage progenitor cells in large animals. PMID- 6983154 TI - Iatrogenic aortocoronary vein fistula. A case presentation and review of the literature. AB - A patient underwent aortocoronary saphenous bypass grafting to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADA) and its first diagonal branch for the relief of severe angina pectoris. There was difficulty in exposure of the LADA, which was covered by a thick layer of epicardial adipose tissue. Postoperatively the patient continued to experience severe retrosternal pain which prompted early repeat coronary angiography. This revealed an aortocoronary vein fistula (AVF) secondary to the inadvertent anastomosis of one of the saphenous vein grafts to the left anterior descending coronary vein (LADV). It was only after this procedure that clinical examination revealed a grade 2/6 high-frequency continuous murmur best heard in the 2nd and 3rd left intercostal spaces. The persistance of severe angina pectoris at rest and on effort led to performance of a revision operation. The LADV was then transected and ligated, and an extended saphenous vein reimplanted into the LADA proper. This provided complete relief from angina. This is the first such case reported in South Africa and the sixth documented. In all the aortosaphenous vein grafts had been inserted into the LADV; all exhibited the classic continuous murmur postoperatively, apart from 1 patient who had an ejection systolic murmur. None of the other 5 patients complained of postoperative angina and only 3 were subjected to revision surgery. The literature is reviewed, with emphasis on the rationale for performing the first elective aortocoronary vein anastomosis in 1968. Clinical features of iatrogenic AVF are detailed and an attempt is made to assess when re-operation is indicated. It is easy to fail to notice this complication; however, its correction can have a dramatic effect on the patient's symptoms. It is the author's belief that many more such cases exist but are not being detected, probably because of lack of appreciation of the possibility of this iatrogenic condition occurring. PMID- 6983155 TI - [Immunologic reactions in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6983157 TI - Mortality risks for survivors of vascular reconstructive procedures. AB - Aneurysmal disease and occlusive disease may imply different risks of hastened death. In our opinion the aortoiliac site is more favorable than the femoropopliteal site in regard to the patient's age at operation and long-term survival. A follow-up study was done of 320 patients who survived aortic aneurysm repair, 212 patients who survived aortic bypass procedures, and 203 who survived femoropopliteal bypass procedures. The median ages at the time of operation were 66, 57, and 62 years, respectively. Median years of survival for the three groups were 5.8, 10.7, and 7.2 years, respectively. The difference for survival between patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease versus those with aneurysmal disease was statistically significant, as was the difference between occlusive disease in the aortoiliac segment versus the femoropopliteal segment. The difference in median survival of patients with aortic aneurysmal disease versus those with femoropopliteal disease was not significant. White men constituted the largest group of patients. When the median years of survival for different operations in white men were stratified into 5-year age groups according to age at operation, there was no significant difference between any operations within any of the age groups. (The older subgroups were too small for meaningful analysis). This suggests that the longer median survival for aortoiliac occlusive disease can be explained by the apparently younger median age at the time of operation. PMID- 6983156 TI - Esophageal transection and paraesophagogastric devascularization performed as an emergency measure for uncontrolled variceal bleeding. AB - Thirty patients with portal hypertension underwent as an emergency measure esophageal transection for uncontrolled variceal bleeding. Murphy's anastomotic button and Prioton's clip were used for the transection in 16 patients and the Androsov autosuture stapler gun in the remaining 14 patients. According to the classification of Child, four patients were listed as class A; five, class B, and 21, class C. The survivors have been observed from one to six years. Successful control of the esophageal hemorrhage was achieved in all patients. Immediate operative deaths, within one month, occurred in 17 patients. Five patients had a recurrence of varices. Bleeding recurred in three patients. The over-all survival incidence has been 11 of 30 patients. All survivors are free of hepatic encephalopathy. Transabdominal esophageal mucosal transection with devascularization appears to be satisfactory, but according to our experience, an early recurrence of varices could be expected if the Androsov autosuture stapler gun had been used for the transection. PMID- 6983158 TI - Frequency and prognostic value of HLA antigens in osteosarcoma patients. AB - A homogeneous group of 53 Caucasian subjects with high-grade osteosarcoma (OS) was typed for HLA-A and B locus antigens. Although no significant differences in the distribution of these antigens were found in comparison with 425 local controls, a trend towards an increase of HLA-B18 and decrease of HLA-B12 was observed. All the patients underwent amputation plus adjuvant chemotherapy and among the 29 patients with a follow-up longer than one year, 9 out of 10 subjects with HLA-A3 antigens developed metastases within a few months. None of the OS patients had the HLA-A3, B7 haplotype which is present in linkage-disequilibrium in the control population. PMID- 6983159 TI - Characterization by monoclonal antibodies of lymphocyte subsets present in B enriched suspensions. AB - B lymphocyte enriched suspensions isolated by E rosette depletion (E-cells) or by nylon fiber adherence (adherent cells) were identified by their cellular composition using different T and B cell markers (SIg,E receptor, T3, T4, T8 and Ia-like antigens). The cells were isolated from peripheral blood both of healthy donors and uremic dialysis patients. A variable proportion of non-B cells was found in some preparations. This contaminant was represented mainly by Null cells in E-lymphocyte suspensions and by T cells in the adherent population. Contaminating T lymphocytes were most frequently found in adherent cell preparations from uremic individuals and appeared to be an heterogeneous population including variable proportions of T4, T8 and Ia positive T cells. A significant increase of T8+ cells and a decrease of the ratio T4/T8 was seen among adherent T cells as compared to the normal distribution among T peripheral lymphocytes. PMID- 6983160 TI - HLA-DR antigens in rheumatoid arthritis in North India. PMID- 6983161 TI - T-cell independent reconstitution of the immunoglobulin levels in nu/nu mice. AB - Nude mice (BALB/c, H-2d) were transplanted under the renal capsule either with allogeneic (CBA, H-2k; C57B1/6, H-2b) or human thymus that were long-term precultured or pretreated in vitro with Carrageenan for three days. None of the thymus tissue transplants showed lymphatic repopulation 9 wk after transplantation. Histological investigation of the peripheral lymphatic tissue did not reveal any change in the thymus-dependent area. On the other hand, plasma cells and germinal centers could be found in significantly increased numbers. In addition, a normalization of the serum immunoglobulin concentrations could be found, as no specific antibodies against thymus-dependent antigens were present after immunization and T-cell function did not improve. Similar results were obtained 9 wk after injection of irradiated thymocyte suspensions or of peritoneal macrophages from immunocompetent donors. It is concluded that thymus epithelial cells could act via macrophages on the polyclonal maturation and differentiation of B cells without involvement of T cells. This would be in agreement with the experience in some patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in which reconstitution of the immunoglobulin levels is observed after transplantation of cultured thymus tissue before T-cell reconstitution can be demonstrated. PMID- 6983162 TI - Serologic comparison of a monoclonal anti-C3d with commercial antiglobulin reagents. AB - The serologic reactivity of a monoclonal anti-C3d and commercial "monospecific" anti-C3 and polyspecific antiglobulin reagents was compared. The testing consisted of a direct antiglobulin test performed on donor and patient cells and on in vivo and in vitro complement-coated cells; an indirect antiglobulin test was performed with low-ionic-strength solution crossmatches. The monoclonal anti C3d demonstrated reactivity very similar to that of the commercial heterogeneous rabbit anti-C3d; it gave relatively few weak "false positive" reactions with normal donor and patient red blood cells, and comparably strong reactions with in vitro and in vivo C3d-coated red blood cells. The results suggest a promising future for monoclonal antiglobulin reagents. PMID- 6983164 TI - [Post-myocardial infarct ventricular aneurysms]. PMID- 6983163 TI - [Association of celiac disease with sclero-atrophic lichen in a child with the HLA-B8 group]. PMID- 6983165 TI - [Multiple organ involvement following treatment with sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim (Bactrim)]. PMID- 6983166 TI - [Primary splenic vein thrombosis causing severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6983167 TI - [Informative value of ultrasonic studies in post-traumatic endophthalmitis]. PMID- 6983168 TI - [Function of the vestibular analyzers in infectious allergic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6983169 TI - [The use of reflexotherapy in cochleovestibular disturbances]. PMID- 6983170 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulation count in the blood in malignant oropharyngeal neoplasms]. PMID- 6983171 TI - [A method of objective evaluation of vestibulocardiac reflexes]. PMID- 6983173 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with bronchiectasis and situs inversus]. PMID- 6983172 TI - [Causes and mechanisms of the development of esophageo-gastric hemorrhages in children with an extrahepatic block of portal circulation]. PMID- 6983174 TI - [Hemorrhaging stomach myxolipoma]. PMID- 6983175 TI - Intracranial epidermoid cysts in three dogs. AB - Intracranial epidermoid cysts were identified within the fourth ventricle of three dogs. The cysts measured up to 2.5 cm in diameter, were lined by stratified squamous epithelium, and contained intraluminal keratinaceous debris. Secondary compression of the medulla oblongata and cerebellum caused neurologic dysfunction in two dogs; the cysts was an incidental finding in the other dog. Similarities between these dogs and three previously reported intracranial epidermoid cysts in dogs included an apparent predilection for young dogs and involvement of the cerebellopontine angle, fourth ventricle, or both. PMID- 6983177 TI - Rosetting of bovine T-lymphocytes with autologous and allogeneic red blood cells. AB - Certain bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and foetal thymocytes were shown to bind autologous and allogeneic red blood cells (RBC). When autologous RBC were treated with dextran, approximately 10% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and about 30% of thymocytes were found to form rosettes. Cells forming autologous rosettes appear to be a population of T-lymphocytes because (1) more rosette formation occurred with thymocytes than with PBL, (2) autologous rosette formation was increased in PBL cultures enriched in T cells and was decreased in cultures depleted of T cells, (3) very few rosette forming cells had surface immunoglobulin and (4) peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures depleted of monocytes did not show a decreased autologous rosette formation. It appears that the cells forming rosettes with autologous and allogeneic RBC belong to the same sub-population of T-cells. PMID- 6983176 TI - [Roentgenoradiologic diagnosis of tumors of the gasserian ganglion]. PMID- 6983178 TI - Coccidiosis: T-lymphocyte-dependent effects of infection with Eimeria nieschulzi in rats. AB - The intestinal pathology caused by infection with Eimeria nieschulzi was investigated and comparisons were made between the effects in athymic nude (rnu/rnu) rats and their heterozygous (rnu/+) litter-mates. Most of the changes noted, i.e. increase in gut weight, partial villous atrophy and increased numbers of mast, goblet and pyroninophilic cells were shown to be largely or wholely thymus dependent. The numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes were decreased in both groups during the period of study. The peripheral blood leucocyte response was similar in both groups of rats during a primary infection but differed after a challenge inoculum, indicating that the secondary type of response which occurred in the rnu/+ rats was thymus dependent, as is resistance to reinfection. PMID- 6983180 TI - Visual following during stimulation of an immobile eye (the open loop condition). AB - We had the rare opportunity to examine a patient with a unilateral complete ophthalmoplegia in an eye with normal visual acuity. We recorded the movements of the covered, sound eye of the patient during full-field optokinetic stimulation of his seeing, immobile eye (open loop condition). The open loop gain for low velocity stimuli (less than 1 deg/sec) was high (greater than 50) but progressively fell with faster stimuli. This finding is inconsistent with the representation of the optokinetic system as a linear velocity servo. In a second experiment, the patient foveally fixated, with the immobile eye, a head-fixed target during sinusoidal, en block rotation. The vestibular movements of the sound eye were suppressed, even though no retinal image motion occurred in the seeing eye. This suggests that visual attention to a stable retinal image can be used to suppress the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Our results were from one patient only and any generalizations must be made cautiously. Nevertheless, our findings are comparable with previous "open loop" studies in normal human beings and patients. PMID- 6983179 TI - The effects of local anaesthetics on retinal function. AB - Isolated frog eyecups were incubated in Ringer containing local anaesthetics to study the effects of these drugs on dark-adaptation of the ERG. Relative to controls, dark-adaptation in eyecups treated with millimolar concentrations of MS 222, benzocaine, and procaine HCl was significantly inhibited during 10 to 120 min following the cessation of the adapting light. These drugs also prevented the recovery of the c-wave during dark-adaptation, resulting in ERG waveforms resembling those found in light-adapted eyecups. Measurements of rhodopsin in the retina were consistent with previous findings showing that rhodopsin regeneration in situ is inhibited by local anaesthetics. In vitro regeneration experiments in which bleached rod outer segment fragments were added to 11-cis retinal showed that preincubation of retinal with MS-222 in ethanol prevents rhodopsin regeneration. Evidence was obtained spectrophotometrically for the formation of a complex between MS-222 and 11-cis retinal with a gamma max of 512 nm. We propose that the formation of a Schiff's base between these two compounds blocks the recombination of rhodopsin, and in situ, leads to the inhibition of dark adaptation. PMID- 6983181 TI - [High doses of methotrexate followed by administration of leucovorin in the treatment of malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 6983182 TI - [T-lymphocytes, determined by the esterase technic, in circulating blood and in punctures from the goiter in non-malignant and malignant diseases of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 6983183 TI - [The effect of ionizing radiation on the immunoregulatory function of macrophages in T-lymphocyte activation]. PMID- 6983184 TI - [Peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes in endemic goiter]. PMID- 6983185 TI - [Pharmacological and immunotherapeutic properties of levamisole (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6983186 TI - [Electrostimulation in the combined rehabilitative treatment of patients with cranial motor nerve lesions]. PMID- 6983188 TI - [Coagulation disorders]. PMID- 6983187 TI - [Management of hemorrhages from the upper segment of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6983189 TI - [Possibilities and experiences with conservative therapy in urgency incontinence in the female]. PMID- 6983190 TI - [100 years of tonsil research--evaluation and outlook]. PMID- 6983191 TI - [Silicosis--an autoimmune disease or a chronic inflammatory process?]. PMID- 6983192 TI - [Cytotoxic complement-dependent anti-thrombocyte antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients]. AB - Sera of 38 patients and 10 blood donors were examined for cytotoxicity against human thymocytes. As method for testing the complement-dependent cytotoxicity the lymphocytotoxicity test was adapted for thymocytes. The sera of blood donors and of patients with non-rheumatic diseases showed no or only a very small rate of cytolysis (3.6%). The rate of cytolysis of sera of patients with arthroses (8.5%) and of collagenoses (14.5%) were below 20%, i.e. still within the limits of normal. The sera of seronegative arthritides (30%) and of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (40%) showed an unequivocally pathological cytotoxicity. The complement-dependent thymocytotoxicity might be coordinated to the clinical arthritis. PMID- 6983193 TI - [Double-stranded DNA antibodies in discoid lupus erythematosus]. AB - Antibodies to double stranded ds DNA were comparatively studied in the sera of untreated DLE patients and in the sera of the same persons after one month's chloroquine administration by a modified ELISA technique. Antibodies were found in both IgG and IgM classes. Untreated DLE patients showed a significantly higher antibody level than the healthy controls. During the chloroquine administration, the level of antibodies decreased first in the IgG class. PMID- 6983194 TI - [Resuscitation of the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 6983195 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of urogenital trichomoniasis in dermatovenerologic dispensaries]. PMID- 6983196 TI - [Frequency characteristics of the midbrain acoustic neurons of different classes of vertebrates]. PMID- 6983197 TI - [Diagnosis of malignant transformation in the multiple exostoses syndrome]. PMID- 6983199 TI - Rupture of the stomach complicating bleeding oesophageal varices. Report of a case. AB - Rupture of the stomach is rare, often caused by excessive distension or abdominal trauma. This case represents the first published of rupture due to massive haemorrhage from oesophageal varices. PMID- 6983198 TI - Acute abdomen in the surgical emergency room. Who is taken care of when for what? AB - During 1977, 5279 male and 4616 female visits (9895 in all) for acute abdominal conditions were made to the emergency room at the Department of Surgery in Malmo, Sweden. Twice as many patients were seen on Mondays and Tuesdays as on Saturdays. More than 50% of the visits were classified as non-specific abdominal pain or gastritis. The highest incidence of these two conditions was found in the 20-29 year age group and 2-3 times as many patients in this age group were seen on Mondays as on Saturdays and Sundays. It is concluded that studies on the age- and sex-specific incidence rates of different abdominal disorders should be of great value for proper planning of diagnostic and therapeutic resources and further of importance for the planning of the education and training of the general surgeon. Differences in the age- and sex-specific incidence rates as well as differences in the incidence rates from one time period to another illustrate the value of retrospective studies as a basis for future prospective studies regarding cause and potential for prevention of acute abdominal diseases. PMID- 6983200 TI - Comparative analysis of the regenerative capacity of caudal spinal cord in larvae of serveral Anuran amphibian species. PMID- 6983201 TI - [A microagar culture system for clonal growth of human T-lymphocytes]. AB - A simple and reproducible micro-agar culture system for cloning human T lymphocytes has been described. The system consists of an agar layer and a liquid phase, which enables the easy addition of test substances and a prolonged proliferation. Further advantages of this system are a low incubation volume and a better morphological, cytochemical, immunological and electron-microscopical study of colonies obtained from the liquid phase. PMID- 6983202 TI - Comparative effects of etidocaine and lidocaine on nerve and neuromuscular conduction in the frog. AB - The effects of etidocaine and lidocaine were studied on frog nerve and neuromuscular junction. Etidocaine is 10 times more potent than lidocaine in blocking nerve conduction. At pH 6.9, the first peak of the compound action potential is blocked more profoundly than is the second. At pH 7.2 and 7.5, both peaks are blocked to about the same degree. There was a dose-related decrease in miniature endplate potential (mepp) amplitude and acetylcholine sensitivity of the endplate region produced by both drugs. Lidocaine increased the time required for mepp repolarization, while with etidocaine receptor desensitization was observed. PMID- 6983203 TI - Vaginal Candida albicans treated with three different concentrations of natamycin (Pimafucin) for 6 days. AB - In 88 patients with vaginal Candida albicans a treatment was performed with natamycin vaginal cream for 6 days in daily doses of 5 ml at concentrations 25 mg natamycin/5 ml (Pim-25), 50 mg natamycin/5 ml (Pim-50), and 100 mg natamycin/5 ml (Pim-100). The cure rates, assessed according to negative cultures of swabs 4-7 days after discontinuation of the treatment, were 89.3%, 85.7%, and 96.9% respectively. Swabs taken about 2 weeks after the next menstrual period showed cure rates of 67.9%, 67.9%, and 78.1% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the results between the three groups at the 5% level in Fisher's exact test. The recurrence rate was high in all three groups. PMID- 6983204 TI - Complement aberrations in serum from children with otitis due to S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae. AB - Complement components C1q, C1s, C3, C4, factor B and properdin were measured, together with C1 subcomponent complexes and Cq binding substances in acute and convalescent samples from patients with relapsing and non-relapsing otitis media due to S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Analysis of C1 subcomponent complexes together with the finding of low C1q levels gave evidence of a disturbed C1 function in acute OME. Furthermore, complement activation by the classical and by the alternative pathways was demonstrated. Complement aberrations were more pronounced in relapsing otitis than in non-relapsing otitis. C1q binding substances that might possibly cause the complement aberrations found were present in most of the patients. PMID- 6983205 TI - Cannabis psychoses in south Sweden. AB - Eleven patients with a psychosis in connection with cannabis abuse admitted to two mental hospitals during 1 year were examined. Patients with a pre-existent psychosis or a mixed abuse were excluded. The patients were divided into three groups: acute, subacute and chronic. The features of the disease were essentially similar in all patients, with a mixture of affective and schizophrenia-like symptoms, confusion and a pronounced aggressiveness. The course as a rule was self-limiting leaving no residual symptoms. There was almost no heredity of severe mental disease. The symptoms were very similar to those seen in cycloid psychosis, and a possible relationship between the two diseases is discussed. As regards the widespread abuse of cannabis we conclude that psychosis is a rare complication but that in unclear psychotic states it is recommended to actively search for a cannabis psychosis. PMID- 6983206 TI - Measurements of skull size and width of cranial sutures in children. PMID- 6983207 TI - Oral vitamin D and ultraviolet radiation for the prevention of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly. AB - Different methods for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency were studied in 42 institutionalized elderly people. One group received ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on a large area of the body surface once a week for three months. The results were compared with those in groups receiving either 450 IU vitamin D2 together with 420 mg calcium daily, 420 mg calcium alone, or no treatment. A significant increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was obtained with UVR. A similar increase was obtained with oral vitamin D2. A small but significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase was observed in subjects receiving vitamin D and calcium or calcium alone. No effects on serum phosphate, urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate and urinary calcium were seen. Though brief UVR at one week intervals is an efficient and safe method for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly, it is in our experience time-consuming for the ward staff and thus less convenient than oral vitamin D supplementation. PMID- 6983208 TI - Fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis of murine B cell development. AB - Three subpopulations of surface immunoglobulin positive B cells were defined using monoclonal antibodies directed against IgM and IgD antigenic determinants and 2-color fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis: cells with a high density of sIgM and lacking sIgD (M++D-); cells with slightly less sIgM and dully positive for sIgD (M++D+), and cells with a low density of sIgM but brightly staining with anti-IgD (M+D+). In the spleen of two-week-old animals the M++D- cells are the more numerous. Their frequency declines during development in favor of the adult M+D+ cells. Because the densities of sIgM and sIgD on M+D+ cells are positively correlated it is hypothesized that immature M++D- cells first lose their sIgM and then reaquire sIgM together with sIgD. PMID- 6983209 TI - Pre B cell leukaemia in the rat. PMID- 6983210 TI - Two populations of murine LPS-responsive B lymphocytes differing in recirculatory capacity. PMID- 6983211 TI - Lyt phenotype and lectin binding properties of mouse lymphocytes which enter lymph nodes. PMID- 6983212 TI - Organ-specific homing of B-cell hybridomas. PMID- 6983213 TI - Lymphocyte-endothelial interactions and histocompatibility restriction. PMID- 6983214 TI - Selective migration of murine lymphocytes and lymphoblast populations and the role of endothelial cell recognition. PMID- 6983215 TI - Studies on the maturity of cells migrating from the thymus to the periphery in mice. PMID- 6983217 TI - Frequency and restriction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors in neonatally thymectomized mice. PMID- 6983216 TI - Lymphocytes in mice with membrane antigens common to human thymocytes. PMID- 6983218 TI - Accumulation of mature T and B cells and abnormalities of lymphocyte traffic in the thymus of aged NZB x SJL F1 female mice. PMID- 6983220 TI - Lymphocyte differentiation in the rabbit thymus. PMID- 6983219 TI - Regulation of B cell development in mouse bone marrow. AB - Cultured bone marrow cells, after in vitro treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) - a DNA synthesis inhibitor which kills cells in the S phase of the cell cycle - generated 40 to 70% more B cells than untreated control cells. This was shown by fluorescent-activated cell sorter analysis of labelled cells using FITC-F(ab')2 rabbit anti-mouse IgM and functional tests with LPS. The maximum increase was reached after 24 hr of incubation with HU while 6 or 2 hr of exposure had less effect. The effect of HU was dose dependent with a maximum at 4 mM. The same increase of B cells was observed with foetal liver cells but not with spleen or lymph node cells after 24 hr of in vitro HU treatment. Dialysed supernatants from HU treated bone marrow, spleen or foetal liver cells were themselves able to augment the B cell maturation in bone marrow cultures (test cells) as compared with supernatants from untreated cells, showing that soluble factors were involved. Preliminary data showed that inhibitory factors for B cell maturation were produced by normal bone marrow, spleen and thymus cells in vitro and their formation was prevented by HU pretreatment or irradiation (2500 R) whereas stimulatory factors were produced by lymph node cells. Cell separation experiments suggested that T cells and/or adherent cells may be involved in the production of these soluble factors. These data suggest that early B cell development may be under homeostatic control. PMID- 6983221 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against rat T cells. PMID- 6983222 TI - Cultured thymic epithelium. Its morphological characterization and biological effect in vivo in athymic nude rats. PMID- 6983223 TI - Morphological assessment of immunologically relevant cells in the thymus. PMID- 6983224 TI - Distribution and functional properties of PNA+ and PNA-cells in central and peripheral lymphoid organs of the chicken. PMID- 6983226 TI - Effect of an acute viral infection by a silent virus on the humoral immune responses. PMID- 6983225 TI - Rat thymus micro-environment: an ultrastructural and functional characterization. PMID- 6983227 TI - Peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding as a marker for immature human B lymphocytes. Is bone marrow not the complete bursa-equivalent? AB - To investigate the nature of peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding cells in various human lymphoid tissues a double marker assay was performed using fluorescent PNA and rosetting with anti-mu or anti-delta coated ox red blood cells for detection of B cells or rosetting with sheep red blood cells for detection of T cells. In human bone marrow 60.5 +/- 8.6% of the surface mu+ve (smu+ve) B cells did bind PNA whereas only a small minority of the surface delta +ve (delta +ve) B cells (5.0 +/- 4.2%) and none of the T cells were PNA+ve. In peripheral blood most of the PNA+ve cells appeared to be monocytes. Only a small proportion of the smu+ve B cells (9.7 +/- 2.7%) and none of the s delta +ve B cells or T cells did bind PNA. Contrarily in tonsils a relatively high proportion of smu+ve B cells (33.2%) of s delta +ve B cells (26.3%) and of T cells (17.2%) were PNA+ve. These results indicate that PNA binding is also a marker for immature B cells. Moreover in human bone marrow at least two populations of B cells may be distinguished, an immature population of smu+ve, s delta-ve, PNA+ve B cells and a mature populations of smu+ve, s delta +ve, PNA-ve B cells, the latter probably representing recirculating B cells. We hypothesize that the first population comprises immature B cells, that leave the bone marrow in an early stage and complete the maturation to immunocompetent B cells in peripheral lymphoid organs like tonsils. PMID- 6983228 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of lymphoid subpopulations and their relation to stationary cells in the epithelial crypts and the follicles during early ontogeny of the human tonsilla palatina. PMID- 6983229 TI - Functional studies on subpopulations of B-lymphocytes and bone marrow cells. PMID- 6983230 TI - Specific systemic graft-versus-host resistance: failure to induce in adult F1 rats tolerized at birth to anti-MHC receptors on parental T cells. PMID- 6983231 TI - Lymphoid tissue transplantation in rats leads to a GVHR, inducing a specific T cell mediated autoreactivity against MHC-antigens. PMID- 6983232 TI - T cell-dependent B cell lymphoproliferation and activation induced by the drug diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 6983233 TI - Autoimmune disease strongly resembling systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in F1 mice undergoing graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). PMID- 6983234 TI - Marginal zones: the largest B cell compartment of the rat spleen. PMID- 6983235 TI - Secondary in vivo cytotoxic T cell responses to minor histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 6983236 TI - Immune response regulation. PMID- 6983237 TI - The role of T cells in B cell priming and germinal centre development. PMID- 6983238 TI - Localization patterns of germinal center cell subsets differing in density and in sedimentation velocity. PMID- 6983239 TI - Surface phenotype and migratory capability of Peyer's patch germinal center cells. AB - Peanut agglutinin (PNA) binds selectively to germinal center cells in mouse peripheral lymphoid organs. Using PNA as a marker, we have determined that Peyer's patch germinal center cells are B cells with a unique phenotype---they express a low level of surface immunoglobulin (about 85% Ig+), predominantly of the IgA class (70% alpha+), with only 10% bearing surface IgM, and few if any expressing IgD. This phenotype identifies murine Peyer's patch germinal center cells as fairly late cells in B cell differentiation, and suggests that they may be precursors of IgA-secreting plasma cells in the gut wall. In addition, we have described a means of purifying PNA+ Peyer's patch lymphocytes, and have demonstrated that these cells lack functional receptors for high endothelial venules and fail to migrate to lymphoid organs in vivo. It is speculated that PNA may be a general marker for nonmigratory lymphocyte populations undergoing local differentiation. PMID- 6983240 TI - Separation and characterization of tonsillar germinal centre lymphocytes using peanut lectin. PMID- 6983241 TI - Formation of germinal centers in the rat thymus. PMID- 6983242 TI - Maturity of precursor cells for germinal centers. PMID- 6983243 TI - Functional antigen binding by the defective B cells of CBA/N mice. AB - CBA/N mice have an X-linked B cell defect which prevents them from responding to nonmitogenic thymic independent (TI-2) antigens such as dinitrophenylated DNP Ficoll (1,2). The F1 male progeny of CBA/N female mice express the same defect. Spleen cell suspensions from such defective mice (CBA/N X C3H/HeN F1 males) could not respond to DNP-Ficoll following in vitro immunization and subsequent transfer into irradiated, syngeneic, F1 male recipients as expected. In contrast, normal CBA/N X C3H/HeN F1 female spleen cells could respond and effect a "rescue"; they mounted strong plaque-forming cell responses 7 days after in vitro exposure to DNP-Ficoll and subsequent transfer into irradiated F1 male recipients. Defective F1 male spleen cells, however, could bind significant quantities of 125I-DNP Ficoll after in vitro exposure. Extensive washing of these spleen cells could not reverse this binding. Such DNP-Ficoll-exposed and washed F1 male spleen cells could, after transfer, aid normal untreated F1 female cells in their rescue function. The defective F1 male spleen cells could convey immunogenic quantities of DNP-Ficoll to the "rescuing" F1 female cells. Mitomycin treatment of F1 male cells did not interfere with their conveyor function. Goat anti-mouse mu serum impeded the passive antigen conveyor function of defective F1 male cells as did prior exposure to high concentrations of free DNP hapten. Our data support the view that the B cell defect of CBA/N X C3H/HeN F1 male mice does not relate to antigen binding, but rather to an inability to be effectively triggered by certain cell-bound polymeric antigens. PMID- 6983245 TI - Stress-induced stereotypy in the rat: neuropharmacological similarities to Tourette syndrome. PMID- 6983244 TI - Antigen bridging in the interaction of T helper cells and B cells. PMID- 6983246 TI - [Comparative study of the efficacy of a new form of citrated nalidixic acid and of co-tromoxazole in the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis]. PMID- 6983247 TI - Diode array digital radiography: initial clinical experience. AB - Initial clinical results are described for a new method of digital radiography based on high-detail self-scanning linear diode arrays which overcome many of the limitations of present film or other digital methods. The technique uses a fan shaped x-ray beam to produce a nearly scatter-free image on a phosphor strip that is fiber-optically coupled to six self-scanning arrays of light-sensitive diodes spaced 0.025 mm, thus providing 6,144 discrete sensors across the field of view. Because these diodes have a greatly expanded dynamic range and operate at very low noise, it becomes possible to visualize small density differences or contrast below 1% both in the light and dark areas of the image. Because of the efficiency of detection and display, radiation doses can be reduced for a given information content. Our preliminary clinical studies have shown to broad application of our method in examining the chest and abdomen and in performing intravenous digital arteriography. PMID- 6983248 TI - Evaluation of a new mobile automatic exposure control device. AB - Mobile chest radiographs obtained with manual technique and with an automatic exposure control device were compared in 50 patients requiring three radiographs within a 48 hr period. Parameters evaluated were overall quality, internal consistency, film latitude, lung field (consistency and quality), cardiac contour, hilar anatomy, pulmonary vascularity, mediastinum, tracheobronchial tree, and tubes and appliances. Radiographs obtained with the automatic exposure control system demonstrated better overall quality, consistency, film latitude, and lung field consistency and quality than manual technique. There was no definite advantage of the automatic exposure control device in the visualization of the hila, pulmonary vascularity, heart, or mediastinum. Tubes and appliances were seen equally well with both techniques. The automatic exposure control device has the potential to increase the quality and consistency of mobile radiographs, particularly in those critically ill patients who are radiographed at least on a daily basis. PMID- 6983249 TI - Use of isosulfan blue for identification of lymphatic vessels: experimental and clinical evaluation. AB - Use of vital dyes for identification of lymphatic vessels before cannulation has heretofore not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The suitability of isosulfan blue, the 2,5 disulfonic acid isomer of Patent Blue, for this purpose was evaluated experimentally in the rat and clinically in 11 volunteers and 543 patients under an investigational new drug application. FDA approval for this drug has been obtained. Volunteers and patients received up to 15 mg of a 1% sterile, pyrogen-free solution per extremity (total dose of 0.4 mg/kg in the average patient). Excellent identification of lymphatic vessels was achieved in 100% of volunteers and in 97.4% of patients. In the other 2.6%, lymphatic vessels were not identified mainly due to congenital lymphatic vascular (Milroy) disease. Baseline blood chemistry in volunteers was not altered after administration of the dye. No adverse reactions were found in volunteers and minimal allergic reactions occurred in less than 1% of patients. Acute toxicity studies demonstrated an LD50 greater than 150 mg/kg in the rat. Isosulfan blue was excreted unchanged in the urine (7%) and feces. Comparable excretion was found in volunteers. Isosulfan blue is a safe and efficacious vital dye for lymphangiography. PMID- 6983250 TI - Radiology of failed surface-replacement total-hip arthroplasty. AB - The radiographs, arthrograms, and bone scans in 23 patients with surgically confirmed failed total-surface hip replacement were reviewed. Guidelines for evaluation of the acetabular component are identical to those for conventional total arthroplasty. The femoral component of a surface-replacement total hip arthroplasty consists of a metallic cup affixed to a resurfaced femoral head with interposed methyl methacrylate. Because of bone-acrylic interface is obscured by the metallic cup, the radiographic features of loosening are limited to an abnormal alignment of the metallic cup in relation to the femoral neck or a change in the position of the cup in serial radiographs. These signs may be subtle. While the metallic cup may often prevent visualization of underlying isotope activity at the bone-acrylic interface, increased activity at the base of the cup when identified suggests loosening or infection. PMID- 6983252 TI - Normal pancreatic echogenicity: relation to age and body fat. AB - Normal pancreatic sonograms of 161 patients were evaluated by three experienced sonographers for pancreatic echogenicity. Sonograms were given a grade for pancreatic echogenicity based on its echogenicity compared with the liver's echogenicity. Grade I was given when the pancreas equaled the liver, grade II slightly greater than the liver, grade III definitely greater than the liver, and grade IV when the pancreas was as echogenic as the retroperitoneal fat. Pancreatic echogenicity was correlated with the patient's age and subcutaneous fat. Statistical analysis by computer methods indicated that both age and body fat deposition are determinants of increasing echogenicity and that they function independently. A formula is given for the expected pancreatic echogenicity (PE) as a function of age and subcutaneous fat: PE = 0.788 + (age) (0.021 +/- 0.003) + (skin thickness) (0.48 +/- 0.08). PMID- 6983251 TI - Pancreatic gas: indication of pancreatic fistula. AB - Although pancreatic gas may be associated with pancreatic abscess, it was found that pancreatic gas indicates the presence of a fistula rather than abscess alone. Of 10 patients with pancreatic gas on computed tomography, fistulas were present in all. Fistulization results from pancreatic pseudocyst rupture or as a complication of phlegmonous pancreatitis. In most cases the fistula does not adequately decompress the pseudocyst or pancreatic phlegmon. In addition, fistulas may predispose to sepsis and hemorrhage. It is important to identify the presence of a pancreatic fistula since patient management may be altered. PMID- 6983253 TI - Recanalized umbilical vein in portal hypertension. AB - Experience with splenoportography suggests that patency of the umbilical vein occurs in about 9% of the patients with portal hypertension. A widely patent umbilical vein might serve as a decompressive portosystemic shunt. Percutaneous transhepatic portography was performed in 107 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension. A patent umbilical vein was found in 28 patients (26%). This finding significantly paralleled the number and size of other collateral veins, apart from gastroesophageal varices. No significant relation was found between umbilical vein patency and portal pressure, extrahepatic shunting, variceal bleeding, or ascites. It is concluded that a large patent umbilical vein does not effectively relieve portal hypertension, prevent gastroesophageal varices, or protect against variceal bleeding or ascites. PMID- 6983254 TI - Utility of CT-guided abdominal aspiration procedures. AB - Over 200 consecutive diagnostic needle aspiration procedures of the abdomen were performed under computed tomographic (CT) guidance. Biopsies were done of the liver in 88 patients, the pancreas in 28, the kidney in 20, and the retroperitoneum in 32; 30 underwent an aspiration procedure for characterization of an intraabdominal fluid collection. Accuracy of diagnosis was very high for hepatic (99%) and renal (100%) biopsies and in characterization of fluid collections (100%). Accuracy for retroperitoneal biopsy was 87.5% and for pancreatic biopsy 82%. Overall accuracy for all sites was 95%. There were one false-negative diagnosis for the liver and five false-negative diagnoses for the pancreas. Insufficient material was obtained for diagnosis in four instances of retroperitoneal biopsy. There were no false positives. The technique is facilitated by rapid CT scan time, large aperture gantry, and rapid CT image reconstruction. Twenty gauge needles were used more frequently than 22 gauge needles because of their greater rigidity and ease of control. CT-guided diagnostic aspiration procedures are particularly useful for diagnosis of small, deep-seated lesions and in evaluation of lesions found in severely ill patients. An experienced cytologist is essential to the success of the technique. PMID- 6983255 TI - Cholecystokinin cholecystography, sonography, and scintigraphy: detection of chronic acalculous cholecystitis. AB - Because the efficacy of cholecystokinin cholecystography in the detection of chronic acalculous cholecystitis remains in doubt, the procedure is rarely used in clinical practice. However, the ability to observe gallbladder contraction with sonography and 99mTc-para-isopropylacetanilido-iminodiacetic acid cholescintigraphy (PIPIDA) offers a possibility to improve the sensitivity of the test. To determine if the degree of gallbladder contraction after cholecystokinin is the same as measured by the three techniques and if it differs in symptomatic patients compared to the normal population, cholecystokinin cholecystography, cholecystokinin sonography, and cholecystokinin PIPIDA were performed in 10 symptomatic patients and 10 normal volunteers. The mean maximum contraction of the gallbladder during the three studies was 63%, 61%, and 68%, respectively, for the volunteers, and 72%, 63%, and 73%, respectively, for the patients. The mean maximum gallbladder contraction during all three procedures was 64% +/- 26% SD in the volunteers and 74% +/- 17% SD in the patients. The differences were not statistically significant. Although there was good correlation in the degree of maximum gallbladder contraction among cholecystokinin cholecystography, cholecystokinin sonography, and cholecystokinin PIPIDA, marked variation in both the volunteers and the patients makes it unlikely that the degree of contraction as observed by any of these techniques can be used to indicate the presence of chronic acalculous cholecystitis. PMID- 6983256 TI - Gastric carcinoid tumors: radiographic features in eight cases. AB - A retrospective analysis of eight proven cases of gastric carcinoid tumors is reported with emphasis on the radiographic features. These tumors occur rarely in the stomach and have variable radiographic presentations: (1) intramural defects simulating leiomyomas, (2) multiple gastric polyps, (3) large gastric ulcers, and (4) polypoid intraluminal lesions. In this series, single submucosal lesions located in the fundus and body of the stomach were demonstrated in five patients, adjacent sessile polyps in one patient, and large gastric ulcerations in the other two patients. In five of the cases, ulcerations were clearly visualized radiographically. Three patients had pathologic evidence of metastatic dissemination. The unusual entity of argentaffin-cell adenocarcinoma of the stomach is illustrated and discussed together with a pertinent review of the literature. PMID- 6983257 TI - Renal cell carcinoma: angiography in the CT era. AB - Accurate preoperative staging of renal cell carcinoma determines which patients may benefit from surgery and influences the surgical approach to potentially curable lesions. Recently, computed tomography has been shown to be as accurate as angiography for staging renal tumors, suggesting that angiography may be limited to those cases where clarification of equivocal computed tomographic findings or additional staging information would alter the therapy. To test this hypothesis, the radiographic evaluation of 42 patients with renal cell carcinoma was reviewed. Of the 42 patients, 24 (57%) were examined by computed tomography alone, while 18 (43%) had angiographic and computed tomographic examinations (nine venograms and 11 arteriograms). Seven of the nine venograms obtained for diagnosis or staging added additional information or clarified an equivocal computed tomographic finding, but none of the 11 arteriograms added significant diagnostic information. Venograms were particularly useful in patients with bulky right-sided lesions. Computed tomographic staging of renal cell carcinoma can be accepted by urologists and has, in fact, reduced the use of routine preoperative angiography in our medical center. PMID- 6983258 TI - Sonographic evaluation of fetal adrenal glands. AB - Seventy-five consecutive pregnant patients at 15--40 weeks of gestation underwent sonography, with special attention to identification of the fetal adrenal gland. The gland was found in 12% of fetuses of less than 26 weeks gestation and 90% of fetuses of more than 26 weeks. The gland characteristically has two long limbs that are relatively anechoic (thought to be the fetal zone of the cortex) and a central echogenic line in each limb (presumed medulla). The changes seen in the adrenal gland as pregnancy progresses are reviewed and correlated with the adrenal glands in newborn infants. PMID- 6983259 TI - Computed tomography of primary, persistent, and recurrent endometrial malignancy. AB - For 45 months, 24 patients with primary endometrial malignancy, 12 patients with suspected persistent tumor, and 29 patients with suspected recurrent tumor were evaluated with computed tomography (CT). In staging primary tumors, CT could not differentiate stage IA, IB, and II lesions and showed extrauterine tumor in only one (7%) of 15 clinical stage I--II tumours. CT was valuable in clinical stage III tumors by showing both parametrial extension and extrapelvic metastases. CT surgical stage comparison showed an 83% accuracy in showing tumor confined to the uterus and an 86% accuracy in showing extrauterine tumor spread. CT did not detect microscopic pelvic node metastases or microscopic bladder involvement. In persistent and recurrent tumors, CT was sensitive in detecting both pelvic tumor and lymphatic, peritoneal, and mesenteric metastases. These data were supplemental to clinical assessment in choosing among surgical, radiation, or chemotherapy treatment. Vaginal recurrences were best evaluated by clinical examination and cytology. PMID- 6983260 TI - Thoracostomy tube in an interlobar fissure: radiologic recognition of a potential problem. AB - Fourteen instances of intrafissural positioning of a thoracostomy tube were identified in 12 patients; a lateral chest film was usually required for recognition. The most common appearance was an oblique position of the tube in the major fissure (nine cases); the tube was in the minor fissure in four cases (two recognized in frontal projection). Eight of these 14 tubes were repositioned or replaced; in four cases the stated reason was poor drainage. Serial radiographs showed poor drainage in three and no drainage in three of the 14 cases. This high incidence of tube malfunction might be related to intrafissural location. To see whether major fissure placement could be recognized on frontal films alone, radiographs were made of a human model. Evenly spaced markers in a chest tube were projected closer together if the tube curved around the costal pleural space than if it entered straight into a fissure. Evenly spaced radiopaque markings on thoracostomy tubes would facilitate recognition of fissure placement, which can sometimes result in inadequate drainage. PMID- 6983261 TI - Asbestos exposure and upper lobe involvement. AB - In a study of 1,251 persons with asbestos-related pleural and parenchymal changes, 16 had slowly progressive changes of the upper lobes, involving both pleura and parenchyma, with shrinkage of the lobes. In addition there were 41 cases with less advanced apical changes. Tuberculosis and other possible causes were excluded. It is hypothesized that the changes rate due to asbestos disease. PMID- 6983262 TI - Tracheobronchial compression in Hodgkin lymphoma in children. AB - Tracheobronchial compression was observed in 55% of 20 consecutive newly diagnosed children with Hodgkin lymphoma at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. In most reports of Hodgkin lymphoma, no mention is made of tracheobronchial compromise. This radiographic finding may explain respiratory symptoms, aid in initial therapy planning, prevent sudden deterioration, and help guide intubations for anesthesia or respiratory support. At times, fluoroscopy and tomography were helpful in confirming the plain film findings. PMID- 6983263 TI - Three-dimensional display of the heart, aorta, lungs, and airway using CT. PMID- 6983264 TI - Dynamic CT scanning of spinal column trauma. AB - Dynamic sequential computed tomographic scanning with automatic table incrementation uses low milliampere-second technique to eliminate tube cooling delays between scanning slices and, thus, markedly shortens examination times. A total of 25 patients with spinal column trauma involving 28 levels were studied with dynamic scans and retrospectively reviewed. Dynamic studies were considerably faster than conventional spine examinations and yielded reliable diagnoses. Bone disruption and subluxation was accurately evaluated, and the use of intrathecal metrizamide in low doses allowed direct visualization of spinal cord or radicular compromise. Multiplanar image reformation was aided by the dynamic incrementation technique, since motion between slices (and the resulting misregistration artifact on image reformation) was minimized. A phantom was devised to test spatial resolution of computed tomography for objects 1--3 mm in size and disclosed minimal differences for dynamic and conventional computed tomographic techniques in resolving medium-to-high--contrast objects. PMID- 6983265 TI - Computed tomography of the sacrum: 1. normal anatomy. AB - The sacrum of a disarticulated pelvis was scanned with a Pfizer 0450 computed tomographic scanner using contiguous 5 mm sections to display the normal computed tomographic anatomy of the sacrum. These anatomic sections were then compared with normal sacrums. In analyzing the computed tomographic anatomy, emphasis was placed on the central canal and sacral foramina, in that these landmarks are important in determining not only the presence but also the type of pathology involving the sacrum. PMID- 6983266 TI - Sonography of polypoid cholesterolosis. PMID- 6983267 TI - Campylobacter enterocolitis: radiographic features. PMID- 6983268 TI - Accelerated skeletal deterioration after splenectomy in Gaucher type 1 disease. PMID- 6983269 TI - Distinct form of osteosclerosis in identical twins with mental retardation. PMID- 6983270 TI - Expansile subchondral bone cyst. PMID- 6983271 TI - Transcatheter embolization of superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 6983272 TI - Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 6983273 TI - Rare normal intercoronary anastomosis. PMID- 6983274 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of cervical teratoma in utero. PMID- 6983275 TI - Acute torsion of normal uterine adnexa in children: sonographic demonstration. PMID- 6983276 TI - Coarctation of the thoracic aorta associated with cerebral arterial occlusive disease. PMID- 6983277 TI - Barium pneumocolon: technologist-performed "7 pump" method. PMID- 6983279 TI - Viewing the lateral radiograph. PMID- 6983278 TI - Digital subtraction angiography "road map". PMID- 6983280 TI - Berdon syndrome. PMID- 6983281 TI - Discrepancies between operative and myelographic findings. PMID- 6983282 TI - A logical approach to left upper quadrant mass imaging in pregnancy. PMID- 6983283 TI - Radiologic assessment of injuries about the elbow. PMID- 6983284 TI - Another view on the radial head-capitellum issue: useful technique or routine view? PMID- 6983285 TI - Percutaneous cholecystostomy. PMID- 6983286 TI - Different emphasis in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 6983287 TI - Square chest films revisited: experience with 16 x 16 inch Siemens chest films. PMID- 6983288 TI - Superior location of pancreas. PMID- 6983289 TI - Hemophilus influenzae bronchitis and pneumonia. AB - Hemophilus influenzae is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen in a wide spectrum of diseases in adults. It is often implicated in the infectious exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and it is a frequent cause of pneumonia in adults. The recent recognition of ampicillin-resistant strains should be a reminder to obtain beta-lactamase or antibiotic susceptibility testing when H. influenzae is isolated in specimens from patients with lower respiratory infections. PMID- 6983292 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deposits in gall bladder adenocarcinoma and liver in partial AAT deficiency (Pi SZ phenotype). AB - Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) immunoreactive inclusions were found in an adenocarcinoma of a gall bladder of a patient with Pi SZ phenotype who also had globular AAT accumulation in the liver. The inclusions did not react with antibodies against other plasma proteins, thus suggesting a primary synthesis of AAT in these cells. The presence of AAT in the tumor cells may represent resurgence of an oncofetal antigen, or, indirectly, may mean that AAT-containing cells normally exist in the human non-neoplastic gall bladder. The accumulation of AAT in tumor cells might be a basic process in malignant transformation. PMID- 6983290 TI - Transaxial tomography with thallium-201 for detecting remote myocardial infarction. Comparison with planar imaging. PMID- 6983293 TI - Significant hemorrhage as a complication of hydraulic suction biopsy of the esophagus. AB - An histological diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease is more accurately made with biopsies obtained by the hydraulic suction method than by endoscopic biopsy forceps. We report significant hemorrhage as a complication of biopsying the esophagus by hydraulic suction. This bleed was explained by an aberrantly large vessel in the lamina propria of an otherwise histologically normal esophagus. This risk of hemorrhage in our extensive experience is less than 0.1%, and hydraulic suction biopsy can be regarded as a safe technique and the optimal method of obtaining histological information in the esophagus. PMID- 6983294 TI - Recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage: an unusual cause. AB - A young man presented with gastrointestinal bleeding which necessitated a partial gastrectomy. No lesion was discovered in the stomach or duodenum. Subsequently episodes of hemorrhage recurred. Barium studies and blood investigations failed to reveal the cause. The observation of skin lesions on the neck led to the diagnosis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. The importance is stressed of examining the skin in any case of alimentary bleeding of obscure origin. PMID- 6983291 TI - Culture of A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells in serum-free medium: effect of culture conditions on the binding of [125I]-epidermal growth factor. AB - Serum-free culture conditions that permit the continuous growth of A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells were developed. In Dulbecco's modified Eagle's synthetic nutritional medium (DME) supplemented with fetuin, insulin, transferrin, biotin, and oleic acid-fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin complex A-431 cells grew at a rate comparable to that observed in the presence of calf or fetal calf serum. Of the factors tested, oleic acid had the most pronounced stimulatory effect on the growth and [3H]-thymidine incorporation of A-431 cells in serum-free medium. A-431 cells have a high number of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF); they bind and rapidly internalize EGF. Nevertheless, EGF did not stimulate either the growth or the [3H]-thymidine incorporation of these cells. Analyses of [125I]-EGF binding data indicated that A-431 cells grown in the presence of calf serum had about 3.2-3.9 X 10(6) specific, saturable EGF receptor sites on their surface. Linear Scatchard plots indicated a single class of noninteracting receptors with an apparent equilibrium dissociation constant of about 2.8 X 10(-9) M. The average number of receptors of A-431 cells maintained in DME supplemented with only fetuin, insulin, and transferrin for several months was significantly less, 1.54 X 10(6), than that of A-431 stock cells cultured in the same medium for 2 days only (2.68 X 10(6)). The apparent dissociation constants for the same cell populations were, however, similar, 4.5 X 10(-9) M and 4.1 X 10(-9) M, respectively. Stimulation of growth by oleic acid resulted in about 20% decrease in the average number of receptor sites, with an increase in the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant. PMID- 6983295 TI - Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in cirrhosis: timing and indications for active intervention. AB - The medical treatment of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was assessed in 101 patients with alcoholic liver disease. Mortality was proportional to the number of blood transfusions required, regardless of the severity of liver disease. Overall mortality was 73% when transfusion requirements exceeded four units, compared with 19% when less than this amount was required (p less than 0.05). A more direct approach to the control of variceal hemorrhage is indicated when blood loss reaches 21. PMID- 6983296 TI - The efficacy of a population-based comparison group in cross-sectional occupational health studies. AB - The availability and the choice of appropriate comparison groups are essential for valid occupational epidemiologic studies. Too often, however, adequate comparison groups cannot easily be found within a workplace environment or extracted from the general population. An evaluation of the efficacy of using a pool of comparison subjects from the health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) was performed on data gathered by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in 1979. Comparison groups from the HANES pool were derived for 246 workers at four different commercial/industrial facilities in the Niagara Falls, New York, area and the comparability between the groups was assessed for several demographic, behavioural, and biomedical variables. The HANES groups exhibited a high degree of comparability with regard to most variables, excluding ancestry. The HANES pool may serve as a useful source of subjects to allow for the comparison of disease rates where occupational exposure is the key distinguishing feature between groups. PMID- 6983297 TI - Stability of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole injection in five infusion fluids. AB - The stability of an intravenous dosage form of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim; Hoffmann-La Roche) was studied in five i.v. fluids at four dilutions. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole injection was diluted 1:25 v/v, 1:20 v/v, 1:15 v/v and 1:10 v/v in 5% dextrose injection, lactated Ringer's injection, 0.45% sodium chloride injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride injection in quadruplicate. Solutions were mixed in 150-ml glass containers and stored at 23-25 degrees C; 5-ml samples were withdrawn at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours and filtered with a 0.22-micron filter. Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole concentrations in the filtrates were assayed with high performance liquid chromatography, and the pH of filtrates was measured. Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were stable for 24 hours in all fluids and at all dilutions with one exception. Trimethoprim concentration fell more than 10% in lactated Ringer's injection at 24 hours because of precipitation in one container. There was no consistent change in pH of solutions. It is concluded that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole admixtures are stable in glass containers of the five solutions at the dilutions studied for 12 hours at ambient room temperature. PMID- 6983298 TI - A convenient approximation of life expectancy (the "DEALE"). II. Use in medical decision-making. AB - We show how to use a bedside approximation of life expectancy in quantitative decision-making. This method, the declining exponential approximation of life expectancy (DEALE), enables the physician to collate various survival data with information on morbidity to determine a quality-adjusted expected survival for a potential management plan. The keystone in the DEALE approach is the approximation of survival by a simple exponential function. This approximation makes it possible to translate data from various literature sources (life expectancy tables, five-year survival rates, survival curves, median survival) into a single, unified mortality scale. In this paper, we use the DEALE method to obtain approximations of quality-adjusted life expectancy and illustrate the application of the method in a quantitative analysis of a clinical decision. PMID- 6983299 TI - Development of a universal control unit for functional electrical stimulation (FES). AB - In collaboration with the College of Engineering the author has developed a laboratory, or clinic, based, battery operated "universal" control system, designed to improve disabled gait in upper motor neuron disabilities, especially stroke, hemiplegia, and cerebral palsy, by applying several channels of FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation) to the lower limb muscles while the patient is walking. The timing of the FES pulses, which can be applied to as many as six of the patient's muscles, is determined by potentiometer controlled one-shot timers, which are triggered by any of three switches in the sole of either shoe. Combinations of inverters, flip flops, AND gates and OR gates in the externally connected logic circuits determine the sequence of delays and pulses applied to the patient's muscles. This paper describes and diagrams some of the logic circuits and as an example of the possible application of the concept of a "universal" control unit reports the modifications of gait induced in a hemiplegic, four year post-stroke, patient. The characteristics of this patient's gait with FES in comparison to its characteristics without FES are demonstrated with motion picture frames, EMG recordings and graphic tracings of her right knee and ankle joint positions. They include more symmetrical timing of her right and left stance and swing phases, increased dorsiflexion of her right ankle in the swing phase, followed by a more distinct heel strike, and improved flexion- extension sequences of the knee and ankle joints and an increased heel rise in the stance phase. The author concludes that the gait characteristics of some hemiplegic patients will improve as they become adapted over a period of weeks or months to a control logic, which lessens their functional limitations by the use of a properly timed and amplified sequence of FES pulses. He suggests that the FES control requirements for individual patients should be determined experimentally with a control system "universally" adaptable to a wide range of disabilities, and that these control parameters could then determine the design of portable units, which may be used on a long term basis. These units would include only the operational options needed to duplicate the gait corrections found to be practicable for each individual patient, by the testing procedure, through a universal logic unit as described in this paper. PMID- 6983300 TI - Effect of furosemide on the electrical parameters of frog skin. AB - When added to the mucosal solution bathing isolated frog skin at concentrations ranging from 5 X 10(-4) to 3 X 10(-3) M, the diuretic furosemide increased both the active transport of sodium and the electrical potential difference across the tissue in a dose-dependent way. The same effect was observed in chloride-free solutions. Mucosal furosemide also decreased the passive unidirectional fluxes of chloride. We believe that as far as electrical parameters are concerned mucosal furosemide has a double effect in frog skin: it increases the active conductance to sodium across the mucosal membrane, thus increasing active transport, and decreases the passive permeability to chloride, thus altering the passive conductance of the skin. The relative increase in short-circuit current was, however, invariably greater than the increase of the active conductance, suggesting the influence of yet a third effect. The effect of mucosal furosemide on active sodium transport was blocked by amiloride (5 X 1-(-5) M) and was independent of vasopressin. Qualitatively the effect was similar to the effect produced by triphenylmethylphosphonium ion. PMID- 6983301 TI - Effect of furosemide on the thermodynamic parameters of frog skin. AB - The formalism of nonequilibrium thermodynamics (NET) was used to analyze the effect of diuretic furosemide on the transport mechanism of frog skin. Mucosal furosemide increased the active conductance of Na+ across the mucosal membrane of the cells, producing an increased transport of Na+ (short-circuit current). Furosemide also increased both the thermodynamic affinity of the metabolic reaction supplying energy to the sodium pump and the degree of coupling between transport and metabolism. It changed the phenomenological cross-coefficient of the NET description as well as the stoichiometric ratio, indicating that its effect cannot be explained simply on the basis of a change in Na+ conductance. The effect on the NET parameters was independent of the presence of either chloride or sulfate as the principal anion in the solutions, and was qualitatively similar to the effect produced by mucosal application of triphenylmethylphosphonium ion. PMID- 6983302 TI - An update on Tourette syndrome. AB - This summary of the present status of tic disorders in based on our experience with 650 patients and review of the literature. The three major tic disorders, Transient Tic of Childhood, Chronic Motor Tic, and Tourette syndrome, now thought to have similar organic etiology, form a continuum with heterogeneity of symptoms and severity. This paper summarizes current understanding of the demography, illness-related characteristics, psychopathology, neuropathology, genetics, neurochemistry, and treatment. PMID- 6983304 TI - Effect of operations for variceal hemorrhage on hypersplenism. AB - Hypersplenism frequently accompanies cirrhosis with portal hypertension. In this series of 76 patients, 36 percent had thrombocytopenia, 41 percent had leukopenia, and 25 percent had both thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. However, hypersplenism was severe enough to necessitate splenectomy in only two patients (3 percent). Nonalcoholic cirrhotic patients exhibit hypersplenism more frequently and to a greater magnitude than do alcoholic cirrhotic patients. Fourteen and 44 percent of alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhotics, respectively, had both thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Distal splenorenal shunts and nonselective shunts are equally effective in relieving preoperative hypersplenism. Approximately two thirds of the patients were relieved of thrombocytopenia or leukopenia after either of these procedures. Splenectomy invariably corrects hypersplenism associated with cirrhosis and should be included as part of the operative procedure in patients requiring surgery for control of variceal hemorrhage. PMID- 6983305 TI - Comparative evaluation of selective and nonselective peripheral portosystemic shunts for treatment of variceal hemorrhage. AB - There is currently available a variety of operative techniques that, by shunting of portal blood into the systemic circulation, decompress esophagogastric varices. Continued evaluation of when to employ a specific type of portosystemic shunt is indicated. This report compares experience with nonselective peripheral portosystemic shunts with selective distal splenorenal shunts. Twenty-nine patients were divided into two operative groups. All patients were operated on for variceal hemorrhage. The two patient groups were similar preoperatively in all parameters evaluated except that the patients having nonselective peripheral shunts had more ascites and four were operated on for acutely bleeding varices, whereas the selective shunt patients had minimal ascites and non were operated on for acute bleeding. Rebleeding rates, incidence of encephalopathy, and long-term survival were not significantly different between the two groups. Eight of 14 (57 percent) patients discharged from the hospital with selective distal splenorenal shunts were alive with a mean follow-up interval of 19 months. Eight of 11 (72 percent) patients discharged with nonselective peripheral shunts were alive with a mean follow-up interval of 34 months. These results suggest that if technical or clinical conditions preclude the performance of a selective distal splenorenal shunt, a nonselective peripheral shunt will produce comparable results and can be used with confidence. PMID- 6983303 TI - Morbidity in relation to intensity of infection in Opisthorchiasis viverrini: study of a community in Khon Kaen, Thailand. AB - A study of the prevalence and intensity of opisthorchiasis viverrini in relation to morbidity as determined by standard medical examination was carried out in Nong Ranya, a small village containing 309 people in northeastern Thailand. Opisthorchis viverrini infection as determined by Stoll's quantitative egg count method had an overall prevalence of 94% and reached 100% prevalence in most age groups above the age of 10 years. With respect to intensity, 6% were uninfected, 26% had light (less than or equal to 1 eggs per mg [epmg] of feces), 37% moderate (greater than 1-10 epmg), 25% heavy (greater than 10-50 epmg), and 5% very heavy (greater than 50 epmg) infections. Peak intensity in both males and females occurred at age 40 and above. A history of eating "koipla" (a sauce consisting of ground up raw fish), of feeling weak, and of having right upper quadrant abdominal pains occurred most frequently in the infected groups and was correlated with intensity of infection. Regardless of intensity of infection, only a small proportion of the population were unable to carry out their routine activities. Anorexia, nausea or vomiting bore little relationship to the presence or intensity of infection. Hepatomegaly at the mid-clavicular line occurred in 14% of the population, mainly in the more heavily infected groups. Neither jaundice nor splenomegaly was observed in the population. PMID- 6983306 TI - Maturation of junctional complexes during embryonic and early postnatal development of inner ear secretory epithelia. AB - The development and maturation of tight junctions in secretory epithelia of the inner ear, i.e., the stria vascularis in the cochlea and the dark cell epithelium around the vestibular organs, have been analyzed with the freeze-fracture technique. Inner ears were followed from the otocyst stage to the mature stage (mouse; gestational age 20 to 21 days). Before epithelial cells differentiate into specific tissues, tight junctions have a loose network of sealing elements with zero to four sealing strands. During and after cytodifferentiation, the numbers of strands increase both in the marginal cells of the stria vascularis and in the dark cells around the vestibular organs. Large intra- and intercellular variations in the numbers of sealing strands of the tight junction occur prior to birth in both types of secretory epithelia. In the dark cells the mature structure of the tight junction with five to eight sealing elements is reached at birth. Maturation of marginal cell junctions occurs during the first few days postnatally. Thus, the tight junctions are morphologically mature before the development of the high potassium concentration in the endolymph. PMID- 6983308 TI - Electronystagmographic findings in idiopathic sudden hearing loss. AB - The electronystagmographic findings for 116 patients with unilateral idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) were analyzed. For the purpose of the study, three groups were formed: patients with normal electronystagmographic (ENG) findings; patients with mild to moderate vestibular injuries consisting of spontaneous horizontal nystagmus or directional preponderance; and patients with severe vestibular injuries indicated by reduced vestibular responses, including paresis of the semicircular canal or lack of response to caloric testing. Clinical and audiologic findings were compared. High correlations were found between both subjective vertigo and abnormal ENG findings and the presence of profound hearing loss at the onset of ISHL. There was an inverse relationship between recovery from ISHL and the ENG findings, namely, as the severity of the vestibular injury increased, the percentage of patients who achieved recovery decreased. Patients with abnormal ENGs had a greater mean hearing loss at onset of ISHL and less mean recovery of hearing than did patients who had normal ENG findings. In addition, patients who had abnormal ENG findings recovered less fully from hearing loss in the high frequencies than from those in the low frequencies owing to the proximity of the basilar turn of the cochlea to the vestibular sense organ. PMID- 6983309 TI - Kartagener's syndrome. PMID- 6983307 TI - Response of the endolymphatic sac in the guinea pig to neomycin ototoxicity. AB - The guinea pig provides an excellent model for studying the effects of ototoxic antibiotics on the epithelium of the endolymphatic sac (ELS). Intracochlear injection of neomycin produces consistent destruction of cochlear and vestibular sensory cells, and the response to this traumatic insult can be documented by light and electron microscopy of the ELS. The histologic findings suggest that ELS epithelial cells are relatively resistant to ototoxic levels of neomycin. The study confirms the ability of the ELS to increase its activity during periods of labyrinthine stress. PMID- 6983310 TI - Cancer in black children. AB - A review of the literature indicates that black children in the United States have a lower overall incidence of cancer and are less prone to leukemia and certain solid tumors, including neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, testicular tumors, liver tumors, and malignant melanoma, than are white children. Black children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and retinoblastoma, but not with neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma, have poorer survival rates than white children. Socioeconomic status appears to be an important reason for the discrepant outlook, but genetic differences may also play a role. Consideration of these issues will assist in planning appropriate treatment regimens. PMID- 6983311 TI - Congenital glaucoma with sickle cell anemia. PMID- 6983312 TI - The isolation of alpha-1-protease inhibitor by a unique procedure designed fo industrial application. PMID- 6983313 TI - Purification by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of an epidermal growth factor-dependent transforming growth factor. PMID- 6983314 TI - Fentanyl infusion anesthesia for aortocoronary bypass surgery: plasma levels and hemodynamic response. AB - Plasma fentanyl concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in patients during aortocoronary bypass surgery and correlated with hemodynamic responses to surgical stimulation. Thirty patients scheduled for aortocoronary bypass surgery were divided into three groups of 10. Patients in group 1 received fentanyl, 30 micrograms/kg, as a loading dose followed by an infusion of 0.3 microgram/kg/min; those in group 2 received 40 micrograms/kg as a loading dose followed by an infusion of 0.4 microgram/kg/min; and those in group 3 received 50 micrograms/kg as the loading dose followed by an infusion of 0.5 microgram/kg/min. The total dose of fentanyl administered to each group up to the time of rewarming on cardiopulmonary bypass was 60 micrograms/kg, 90 micrograms/kg, respectively. Each of the dose regimens produced stable plasma concentrations starting approximately 20 minutes after induction and continuing until the infusion was discontinued. Patients in group 1 had a mean plasma concentration of 10 to 12 ng/ml in the stable period compared with 12 to 14 ng/ml in group 2 and 15 to 18 ng/ml in group 3. Fewer patients in group 3 responded to intubation and surgical stimulation than in the other groups, although the differences between groups were not statistically significant. Response to stimulation was treated by the administration of droperidol or volatile anesthetic agents. At a plasma concentration of 15 ng/ml, 50% of patients had an increase in systolic blood pressure which required treatment. This minimal intra-arterial concentration, analogous to MAC, can be achieved by the administration of fentanyl as a loading dose of 50 micrograms/kg followed by an infusion of 0.5 microgram/kg/min. PMID- 6983315 TI - Myocardial metabolism and hemodynamic responses to halothane or morphine anesthesia for coronary artery surgery. AB - Eighteen patients having coronary artery bypass grafts were randomly anesthetized with morphine (1 mg/kg) or halothane and oxygen. Central and peripheral pressures were measured serially, plus cardiac output and total coronary sinus blood flow, both by thermodilution catheters, starting before induction of anesthesia and continuing until completion of sternotomy. No significant differences in hemodynamic responses were seen between the two anesthetic techniques during induction: blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance decreased significantly, but not cardiac output or coronary flow. Myocardial oxygen consumption decreased significantly with induction as oxygen content of coronary sinus blood increased, indicating preservation of oxygen balance. Heart rate and blood pressure increased after sternotomy in the patients given morphine, with the myocardium producing lactate in two of six patients and with nitroprusside being required in four patients to decrease arterial pressure. Halothane-oxygen anesthesia effectively controlled autonomic responses to sternotomy, although one of 12 patients had myocardial lactate production at that time. Neither rate pressure product or ST segment changes were useful predictors of the ratio between myocardial oxygen consumption and supply. Myocardial oxygen balance can be maintained in coronary patients before cardiopulmonary bypass if pulse rate and blood pressure are kept at less than awake levels. PMID- 6983316 TI - Cardiovascular effects of nalbuphine in patients with coronary or valvular heart disease. AB - Although the hemodynamic changes produced by small doses of nalbuphine given to patients with cardiac disease are minimal, the cardiovascular effects of large doses which have been used as supplements for general anesthesia have not been investigated. Cardiovascular variables were measured after incremental doses of nalbuphine, up to 2 or 3 mg/kg in fourteen patients with coronary artery disease with normal left ventricular function and in seven patients with mitral valve disease. No significant changes in cardiac index, stroke work index, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary diastolic or wedge pressure, heart rate, or central venous pressure occurred in the preoperative period. However, nalbuphine alone did not produce surgical anesthesia and the addition of diazepam, nitrous oxide, or halothane was required in all patients. The addition of halothane coupled with surgical stimulation significantly decreased cardiac and stroke indices, increased mean arterial and pulmonary wedge pressures, and increased systemic vascular resistance in patients with coronary artery disease. In patients with mitral valve disease, following surgical incision, there were small but significant decreases in cardiac index and left ventricular stoke work index, and increases in systemic vascular resistance. Despite its lack of deleterious hemodynamic effects, the place of nalbuphine in the armamentarium of the anesthesiologist must be limited to use as a premedicant, as an adjunct to balanced anesthesia, or for postoperative pain relief. PMID- 6983317 TI - Failure to correct nitrous oxide toxicity with folinic acid. PMID- 6983318 TI - Intramural hematomas of the duodenum and small bowel. PMID- 6983319 TI - Proliferative, morphologic, and cytochemical characteristics of bovine bone marrow macrophage colonies in liquid culture. AB - Bovine macrophage colonies were grown in liquid medium. Serum collected from a heifer 3 hours after injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endotoxin promoted the growth of macrophage colonies. The optimum concentration of postendotoxin serum was 16%. The numbers of colonies increased exponentially between 3 and 6 days of incubation and leveled off at 6 days. Monoblasts, promonocytes, and macrophages were observed in these colonies. A direct linear relationship between the number of nucleated bone marrow cells cultured and the number of colonies formed was found. The macrophage colony cells were positive for nonspecific esterase activity and were negative for chloroacetate esterase activity. Weak peroxidase activity was noticed in monoblasts, promonocytes, and occasionally in macrophages. PMID- 6983321 TI - Clinical use of vasopressin in the management of bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Vasopressin has been used for 25 years to control bleeding from esophageal varices. Its efficacy is believed to be due to a direct vasoconstrictor activity on splanchnic arterioles and precapillary sphincters, with secondary reduction in portal venous blood flow and pressure. While it has been administered by both the intra-arterial and intravenous routes, the latter has gained favor in the light of laboratory and clinical investigations. The most common complications are cardiovascular, and bradycardia is an early sign of toxicity; adverse effects may be avoided with simultaneous infusion of isoproterenol. Vasopressin has not been shown to prolong survival from esophageal bleeding. It is effective in controlling upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and is commonly viewed as a means of buying time to prepare the patient for shunt surgery. Vasopressin infusion may reduce both operation time and blood loss during shunt surgery. New analogs of vasopressin presently under investigation may facilitate its administration and reduce morbidity. PMID- 6983320 TI - Bronchial reactivity, smoking, and alpha1-antitrypsin. A population-based study of middle-aged men. AB - We assessed bronchial reactivity to increasing doses of inhaled methacholine (MCH) in a population-based study on alpha1-antitrypsin. We compared 34 consecutive 48- to 50-yr-old heterozygous (Pi-MZ) men with 31 men of the same age with normal Pi phenotype (Pi-M) matched for smoking habits. There was no significant difference between control FEV1 or in MCH reactivity between the Pi MZ and the Pi-M group. Twelve Pi-MZ subjects and 11 Pi-M subjects showed a fall of greater than or equal to 15% of FEV1 (PC 15%). Smokers showed increased sensitivity to MCH in both phenotype groups, although there was no significant difference in control FEV1 between the smoking and nonsmoking groups. Eleven smokers and ex-smokers, 5 with histories of asthma or sputum production, showed bronchial hyperreactivity, i.e., PC 15% FEV1, to 0.1% MCH or lower concentrations. Among nonsmokers there was 1 reactor and 1 hyperreactor. We conclude that heterozygous alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (Pi-MZ) does not increase bronchial reactivity and that smoking does. PMID- 6983322 TI - The effect of dipyridamole on experimentally induced stress ulcers. AB - Several doses of dipyridamomle were tested to assess a reduction in gastric bleeding and ulcer formation in rats exposed to cold stress restraint. When saline was compared to 12.5 mg/kg dipyridamole and 50 units/kg heparin, dipyridamole was significantly better than saline controls (P less than 0.05) in the reduction of both gastric bleeding and gastric ulceration, while the effects of heparin were not significant in either case. Finally, mean hematocrit, platelet count, and gastric acid secretion were not significantly affected by the dose of dipyridamole used (12.5 mg/kg). The results of this study show dipyridamole to be useful in the reduction of both stress ulceration and gastric bleeding induced in rats by cold stress restraint. PMID- 6983323 TI - Detection of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in a strain of Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chloramphenicol for a clinical isolate of Haemophilus ducreyi, strain CEB-10, was 16 micrograms/ml. This strain was also resistant to tetracycline (MIC = 64 micrograms/ml) and ampicillin. The presence of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity was demonstrated. PMID- 6983324 TI - Treatment of osteomalacia in institutionalized epileptic patients on long-term anticonvulsant therapy. AB - The efficacy of vitamin D2 in the dose of 2000 IU daily in reversing anticonvulsant osteomalacia was studied in nine epileptic inpatients. The treatment with vitamin D2 was associated with increased serum 25 hydroxycalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations and partial healing of osteomalacic changes in the cancellous bone of the iliac crest. But it was concluded that the dose of vitamin D2, 2000 IU daily, was too small and that calcium supplementation may be needed in addition to vitamin D therapy. PMID- 6983325 TI - Physical activity and plasma lipids and lipoproteins. AB - Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that physically active subjects have lower serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration than individuals with sedentary lifestyle. Furthermore, the serum concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is increased in subjects with very high physical activity (Wood et al., 1976). A decrease in serum triglycerides and an increase in HDL has been demonstrated also during training programs consisting of mild to moderate exercise (Huttunen et al., 1979). The mechanism of the exercise-induced changes in serum lipids is not clear. The alterations are not due solely to weight reduction, although this factor contributes to the favourable development in some individuals. One explanation for the reciprocal changes in serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol is the activation of the lipoprotein lipase, the enzyme responsible for catabolism of serum triglycerides. Thus, negative correlations are present between serum triglyceride concentration and the activities of postheparin plasma and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase, whereas a positive relationship has been reported between HDL cholesterol level and the activity of adipose tissue lipase (Nikkila et al., 1978). Furthermore, physical exercise increases the activity of lipoprotein lipase in the skeletal muscle and in the adipose tissue (Nikkila et al., 1978). Chronic training may also lead to decreased production of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (Robinson et al., 1974) and to activation of the enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) involved in the transfer of unesterified cholesterol from cells to nascent HDL (Lopez-S. et al., 1974). In summary, there is good evidence that regular physical activity lowers the concentration of plasma VLDL triglycerides and raises the concentration of plasma HDL cholesterol in man. Further studies are, however, needed to prove that these changes result in worthwhile reduction of atherosclerotic disease. PMID- 6983326 TI - [Detection of penicillinase activity and its relation to other properties in staphylococci]. AB - Comparison of the microbiological, iodometric and acidometric methods for determination of the penicillinase activity of staphylococci showed that the acidometric method was the simplest from the technical viewpoint and available for a wide range of laboratories. Penicillinase is more often produced by Staph. aureus than by Staph. epidermidis. No clear differences between production of penicillinase by various biovars of Staph. epidermidis were detected. The penicillinase activity was most often observed in the strains resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and ther antibiotics. No strains sensitive to zinc and silicon were isolated. Among Staph. aureus 96.15, 84.38, 78.18 and 64.71 per cent of the strains resistant to the ions of cadmium, mercury, plumbum and arsenic respectively produced penicillinase. No such definite results were obtained with respect to the strains of both the whole species of Staph. epidermidis and its separate biovars. PMID- 6983327 TI - Effects of heat treatment of cow's milk and whey on the nutritional quality and antigenic properties. AB - Recent experiments in guinea-pigs suggest that heat treatment applied during the manufacture of baby milk formulae reduces the immunological sensitising capacity of the cow's milk proteins. This immunological benefit must be weighed against possible damage that heat treatment may cause to the nutritional quality of the products. Severe heat treatment of skimmed milk (121 degrees C for 20 min) destroyed all the vitamin B12, about 60% of the thiamin and vitamin B6, 70% of the ascorbic acid, and about 30% of the folate. Available lysine was reduced by 21% and lactulose was formed (166 mg/100 ml). Despite extensive denaturation of the whey proteins the milk retained its capacity to sensitize guinea-pigs for systemic anaphylaxis when administered orally. Animals drinking heated milk also produced circulating antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin and casein, although titres were lower than for unheated milk. Unlike skimmed milk, heat-treated diafiltered whey failed to sensitize guinea-pigs orally. It caused the production of trace levels of antibodies in some of the animals, but these were specific for residual casein. We suggest that it may be possible to produce a non-sensitising baby milk without casein based on heat-denatured whey. The nutritional quality could be preserved by removing low molecular weight nutrients before heat treatment and adding back appropriate quantities later. PMID- 6983328 TI - Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and rickets in infants of extremely low birthweight. AB - Rickets is now a well-known entity in infants of very low birthweight. In a 1 year period (1981) 8 of 15 neonatal survivors whose birthweight was less than 1000 g (extremely low birthweight) developed rickets despite high supplementation with ergo-calciferol, 2000 units a day. At the time of radiological diagnosis their postnatal age was 8 (range 5-14) weeks, and they all had normal or high plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (mean 80 nmol/l, range 40-160 nmol/l). Although 4 infants received alfacalcidol which healed the rickets, in 4 infants the rickets healed spontaneously without change in treatment. The results suggest that inadequate vitamin D supplementation is not the cause of rickets in such infants. PMID- 6983329 TI - Circulating levels of biologically active parathyroid hormone in rheumatic diseases. AB - There has been doubt as to whether elevated levels of parathyroid hormone, reported previously by radioimmunoassay, reflect increased concentrations of the biologically active hormone. The application of a recently developed, highly sensitive bioassay has shown considerable disparity between bioactivity and immunoreactivity in 5 rheumatic conditions and in normal subjects. Six patients with chondrocalcinosis had elevated levels; 3 of these did not have hypercalcaemia or any obvious cause other than possible subclinical hyperparathyroidism. One patient, assayed during an acute episode, had an elevated concentration of the hormone which reverted to normal when she was asymptomatic. Most patients with osteoarthrosis (13 our of 15) had low normal levels; 2 showed unexplained slightly elevated concentrations. Of 6 patients with haemochromatosis 3 had elevated levels, though this may have been related to the associated presence of diabetes mellitus. A third of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (10 out of 30) showed elevated parathyroid hormone levels but without hypercalcaemia. A number of spondylitic patients also showed anomalous results in this assay, possibly due to the presence of an antagonist. This would be consistent with the absence of clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6983331 TI - A somatotopic and functional organization of the masticatory proprioceptors in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the frog. AB - A stratified organization of the first-order neurons of the masticatory proprioception has been observed in the frog mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MeNV). Extracellular records of unit activity have shown that in this nucleus neurons responding either to jaw raising muscles or to jaw lowering muscles reveal a somatotopy. A consistent topography pattern is evident by exploring in dorsoventral direction the layers 4 and 6 in the optic tectum. The jaw closing muscles are represented in the dorsal part of the MeNV, whereas the jaw opening ones are distributed more ventrally. Since MeNV neurons represents the afferent limb of the masticatory reflex, the motor effects elicited by electrical stimulation of these cells have been tested. PMID- 6983330 TI - The Linton splenorenal shunt in the management of the bleeding complications of portal hypertension. AB - This report describes 140 cases in which Linton splenorenal shunts were performed for the management of the complications of portal hypertension by a large number of surgeons in a single hospital. There was a history of variceal bleeding in 130. Using the Childs designation to reflect hepatic functional reserve, the overall operative mortality was 12% (3 for A; 6 for B; 26 for C). Five-year survival was 41% (57 for A; 35 for B; 26 for C). Subsequent variceal bleeding was noted in 10% of survivors; hepatic encephalopathy in 19%; and terminal liver failure in 18%. Classification and results are reported in a form that should facilitate comparison with other methods of management. PMID- 6983332 TI - [Thyroid involvement in histiocytosis X]. AB - A thyroid involvement is reported in a 10 year-old boy with histiocytosis X. It was revealed by goiter and hypothyroidism following diabetes insipidus and growth hormone deficiency. Hypothyroidism was exclusively due to the invasion of thyroid by the tumor, while the other endocrine changes were in favor of the histiocytic infiltration of hypothalamus. The exceptional feature of thyroid involvement in disseminated histiocytosis X is emphasized. PMID- 6983333 TI - The behavior of T and B lymphocyte subpopulations in infectious and atopic bronchial asthma. AB - In 40 patients with infectious bronchial asthma and in 40 patients with atopic form of the disease, the behavior of T and B lymphocyte populations was studied by the E and EAC rosette tests. The control group consisted of 20 students unaffected by allergic diseases. A significant decrease in the percentage of E rosette forming T lymphocytes was found in the group of patients with atopic bronchial asthma, as compared with the control and infectious bronchial asthma groups (p less than 0.001). The proportions of EAC forming B lymphocytes showed no significant differences in all groups under examination. PMID- 6983334 TI - Role of T and B lymphocytes in the intrauterine infection of newborns. AB - The material studied comprised 90 full-term and premature infants with the symptoms of the intrauterine infection, 90 full-term and premature healthy infants (control group) and 120 mothers. T and B lymphocytes were identified by the rosette method (E and EAC rosettes) and the cytoenzymatic method determining the activity of the nonspecific acid esterase (esterase-positive T lymphocytes and esterase-negative B lymphocytes). The results obtained revealed that the intrauterine and post-natally acquired bacterial infections induced immunological response in the fetuses and in the newborns. This was evidenced particularly by the increased level of IgA and IgM and by the increased percentage of lymphocytes B in the blood of infected infants. Moreover, the criteria of early diagnosis of the bacterial infection were determined. PMID- 6983335 TI - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - This study of the effects of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) on 20 wrists of 11 men with rheumatoid arthritis was designd to make an objective assessment of pain and also to evaluate placebo effects. Following determinations of the length of time each wrist could support a small weight before pain began or increased (loading time), a 3-part test was conducted using the same weight in each case. (1) Each wrist was treated by TNS for 15 minutes and then, with the stimulator still on, loading time was determined (TNS-1). (2) With the stimulator working on the same wrist as for TNS-1, the loading time of the opposite wrist was determined (TNS-2). (3) To study placebo effect, loading time was again determined with the same adjustment on the stimulator but with the battery removed (TNS-3). If the loading time doubled or more, the pain relief was considered to be 100%. From the results (70% of the TNS-1 wrists had 50 to 100% pain relief; 10% of the TNS-2 and 15% of the TNS-3 wrists had some improvement), TNS appears to reduce joint pain and to offer a supplement to antiinflammatory drugs. PMID- 6983337 TI - Immunologic markers in the diagnosis of the acute lymphocytic leukemias. PMID- 6983338 TI - Vitrectomy in ocular toxocariasis. AB - Subtotal pars plana vitrectomy was performed in four patients with chronic toxocaral endophthalmitis. In two instances, chronic intraocular inflammation proved unresponsive to intensive corticosteroid therapy, but improved dramatically following vitrectomy. In one patient, a dense retrolenticular membrane was removed, and intractable amblyopia was prevented. Vitrectomy relieved vitreoretinal traction involving the macula in two instances and cured a peripheral traction retinal detachment in a third. Information gleaned from these cases suggests new guidelines for the laboratory confirmation of ocular toxocariasis. Patients with toxocaral endophthalmitis may benefit from pars plana vitrectomy when chronic inflammation does not respond to medical measures or when such inflammation causes permanent structural changes that threaten or interfere with central vision. PMID- 6983336 TI - Vibrotactile threshold elevation produced by high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. AB - Vibrotactile thresholds for a 20Hz and a 150Hz stimulus were determined during high-frequency (100Hz) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of 13 minutes duration. TENS was applied either at a site proximal or distal to the probe of the vibrator at an intensity which was strong enough to elicit muscle activity. TENS applied at a distal site had no marked effect on vibrotactile thresholds either for a 20Hz or 150Hz stimulus. However, TENS applied at a proximal site caused a marked threshold elevation for both frequencies studied. Present results suggest that vibrotactile threshold elevation produced by high frequency TENS is due to peripheral electrogenic blockade, presumably an antidromic invasion of vibration receptors. PMID- 6983339 TI - The ultrastructure of Descemet's membrane. III. Fuchs' dystrophy. AB - The ultrastructure of Descemet's membrane was studied by transmission electron microscopy in corneal buttons removed from 11 phakic eyes with Fuchs' dystrophy. Abnormalities in Descemet's membrane consistent with abnormal endothelial function early in life (prior to age 20 years) were present in all corneas. Thus, despite the relatively late clinical onset of Fuch's dystrophy, endothelial abnormalities are present quite early in life in this disease. An abnormal fibrillar layer was thicker in those corneas with greater stromal and epithelial edema, possibly indicating that this layer is formed mainly during periods of endothelial decompensation. PMID- 6983340 TI - Experimental Klebsiella-induced endophthalmitis in the rabbit. AB - Klebsiella organisms have been reported in postoperative endophthalmitis. We describe an experimental model of endophthalmitis with anterior segment inflammation over the injection of Klebsiella oxytoca into the rabbit vitreous. Within 24 hours, polymorphonuclear leukocytes were found at the corneal limbus, adjacent to the endothelium, in the iris and ciliary body, throughout the vitreous, and in the optic nerve. Retinal photoreceptor degeneration was widespread within 48 hours. Mononuclear cells appeared in the vitreous within 72 hours. Increased pathologic manifestations concomitant with decreased numbers of recoverable, viable organisms implicate the endotoxins of K oxytoca in the observed pathologic condition. Our model may be useful in further studies on antibiotic therapy in Klebsiella ocular infections and in continuing work on the cross-reaction between Klebsiella and HLA-B27. PMID- 6983342 TI - Maternal immunological reaction during pregnancy. PMID- 6983341 TI - HLA antigens and otosclerosis. A possible new genetic factor. AB - The pattern of HLA antigens was studied in 68 Greek patients with otosclerosis with and without a family history of otosclerosis and in the members of seven families in which the disease occurs, and was compared with that of 400 unrelated control subjects. Fifty-six specific HLA antiserum samples were used to determine 27 HLA-A and B antigens with the two-stage standard National Institutes of Health assay. The results were modified as follows: There was a highly significant increase of the antigens HLA-A11, Bw35, and B14 only in the patients with family history. These findings, together with the observations from the family studies and the information of population epidemiology and HL distribution frequencies, indicate the possible role of HLA antigens in otosclerosis and corroborate the view that genetic factors are also involved. PMID- 6983343 TI - Comparison of tritium-labeled steroids for progesterone receptor assay in human endometrium. PMID- 6983344 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - This case commentary describes a common cause of vaginitis which is unfamiliar to many practising doctors because its status has been determined only in recent months. The commentary is based on a patient who presented to a Melbourne general practice to which the student was assigned as part of the 'infections in the community' programme. PMID- 6983345 TI - Aeromedical considerations of malaria prophylaxis with mefloquine hydrochloride. AB - Mefloquine hydrochloride (WR 142, 490) is a new investigational drug which is indicated for the prevention and treatment of cloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria thought to be resistant to other drugs. Available information on mefloquine, particularly its potential for "quinine-like" side effects, is of aeromedical importance. These side effects, if present, would be expected to alter performance and body physiology to a degree which would compromise flight safety. There is legitimate concern for mefloquine's safe use in aircrewmen. Mefloquine's potential for "quinine-like" side effects should be evaluated before it is routinely used for suppressive prophylaxis in aircrewmen. PMID- 6983346 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in minimal change nephrotic syndrome--a possible defect in T-cell function. AB - Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were determined in eighteen patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Serum IgG and IgA were significantly decreased; whereas IgM was significantly increased in majority of the cases. Eight of the eighteen patients were treated with steroids. All the eight patients showed a significant increase in serum IgG and a decrease in IgM in response to steroid therapy. The increased serum IgM and decreased IgG before treatment and their restoration to normal levels after steroid therapy may suggest a possible defect in T-cell function. PMID- 6983347 TI - [Influence of the immune system on anesthesiological and surgical procedures]. PMID- 6983349 TI - Estimation and characterization of hamster leukocyte elastase. PMID- 6983348 TI - Inactivation of liver S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in vitro of rats treated with erythro-9-(2-hydroxynon-3-yl)adenine. AB - S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity decreased in vitro time-dependently in liver homogenates obtained from rats treated in vivo with erythro-9-(2-hydroxynon 3-yl)adenine, a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The inhibitor in itself had no effect on the stability of the hydrolase. The inactivation of S adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase was irreversible, proceeded fairly rapidly at a low temperature (0 degrees C) and showed first-order reaction kinetics. Adenosine was found to accumulate in these tissue homogenates during storage. Several lines of evidence suggest that adenosine caused the observed suicide-like inactivation post mortem. Pre-incubation of purified S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase at 0 degrees C with adenosine showed a half-maximal inactivation rate at 33 microM substrate concentration; the rate constant of inactivation was 0.01 min-1. Inactivation during tissue preparation and storage complicates the assay of S adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity in samples that contain an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. These results also suggest that the decrease of S adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity reported to occur in several disturbances of purine metabolism should be re-examined to exclude the possibility of inactivation of the enzyme in vitro. PMID- 6983350 TI - 31p- and 13C-NMR study of the ATP(adenosine triphosphate)-vanadyl complex. PMID- 6983351 TI - Amino group modification inhibits ristocetin cofactor activity of human von Willebrand factor. PMID- 6983352 TI - Relationships between plasma membrane depolarization, nuclear membrane breakdown, and the appearance of cytoplasmic factors during the first meiotic division in Rana pipiens oocytes. PMID- 6983353 TI - Binding of 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine to brain membranes. Comparison to P-site inhibition of adenylate cyclase. AB - Membranes from rat cerebral cortex and striatum contain a relatively large number of high-affinity binding sites for [3H]2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, [3H]adenine arabinoside, and [3H]adenosine. The binding of [3H]2',5'-dideoxyadenosine and [3H]adenine arabinoside was virtually unaffected by relatively specific agonists and antagonists for adenosine receptors, such as 2-chloroadenosine, N6 phenylisopropyladenosine or theophylline. Binding of [3H]adenosine was partially blocked by such receptor ligands. The specific binding of all three ligands was antagonized by a variety of adenosine analogs which inhibit adenylate cyclase by interaction with the so-called P-site associated with this enzyme. However, potencies of adenosine analogs as P-site inhibitors of adenylate cyclase and as antagonists of binding do not correlate well. 5'-Methylthioadenosine had high potency and efficacy versus binding of [3H]2',5'-dideoxyadenosine but had virtually no effect on activity of adenylate cyclase. 2-Fluoroadenosine was less potent than adenosine as an antagonist of specific binding of [3H]2',5' dideoxyadenosine, while 2-fluoroderivatives of adenosine, adenine arabinoside and adenine xylofuranoside were more potent than the parent compounds as P-site inhibitors. The significance of the binding sites for [3H]2',5'-dideoxyadenosine remains unclear, but their presence complicates the use of [3H]adenosine and certain analogs as ligands for adenosine membrane sites associated with adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6983354 TI - Immunogenetic factors in inflammatory eye disease. Influence of HLA-B27 and alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes on disease expression. AB - The relationship between the nature and severity of inflammatory eye disease was analyzed with respect to HLA antigens and alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes. Using standard ophthalmologic criteria, we divided patients with anterior uveitis into acute, chronic (greater than 3-month duration), bilateral, or recurrent disease. There was a significantly increased incidence of alpha 1-antitrypsin-deficient phenotypes in anterior uveitis, especially in those patients with severe (chronic, bilateral, or recurrent) disease. HLA-B27 acts as an independent predisposing factor: it was present in 22% of patients with their first attack of acute uveitis compared with 51% of patients with recurrent disease. Together, these genetic factors are present in 63% of patients with severe anterior uveitis and represent the most significant predisposing and prognostic factors so far detected. PMID- 6983355 TI - HLA antigens in Yakima Indians with rheumatoid arthritis. Lack of association with HLA-Dw4 and HLA-DR4. AB - Women of the Yakima Indian Nation, a northwest Native American population, are known to have an increased prevalence of a rheumatoid arthritis-like disease characterized by erosive arthritis, frequent involvement of metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints, and positive rheumatoid factor. These patients are frequently positive for antinuclear antibodies and often demonstrate adverse reactions to gold therapy. HLA antigens were determined for 29 Yakima Indians with this disease, but there was no increased frequency of either HLA-Dw4 or HLA-DR4, in contrast to other populations with rheumatoid arthritis. There was, however, a trend toward an increase in HLA-B40 and a decrease in HLA-DR8. The relative risk for rheumatoid arthritis in Yakima Indians was 2.53 in the presence of B40 and 0.28 in the presence of DR8. PMID- 6983356 TI - Relationship between reduced B cell susceptibility to IgM antibodies and reduced IgD-bearing B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 10 normal subjects were cultured for 7 days with or without anti-IgM or anti-IgD antibodies, and IgG- and IgM-secreting cells were assayed by reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Surface immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes on peripheral blood B cells were also examined by a direct anti-Ig rosetting reaction. In normal subjects and rheumatoid arthritis patients, the spontaneous development of IgG- and IgM-secreting cells was markedly suppressed by anti-IgM or anti-IgD antibodies. Over 50% of peripheral blood B cells were IgD and IgM-bearing cells in normal subjects and in most patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In lupus patients, however, the suppression of IgG and IgM production by anti-IgM or anti-IgD antibodies was remarkably reduced, especially in the active stage. Furthermore, the percentage of IgD-bearing cells in peripheral blood B cells was remarkably reduced, especially in patients with active disease. There was a good correlation between reduced susceptibility of B cells to anti IgM antibody-mediated suppression and reduced percentage of IgD-bearing cells in lupus patients. PMID- 6983357 TI - Seronegative peripheral arthritis in B27 positive monozygotic twin sisters. PMID- 6983358 TI - T cell subsets in the blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical remission. PMID- 6983360 TI - [Synthesis of new derivatives of 2-hydroxy and 2-acetyloxybenzoic acids]. PMID- 6983359 TI - Visual orienting deficits in frogs with various unilateral lesions. AB - We have studied the visual prey acquisition behavior of frogs with unilateral optic nerve section, unilateral tectal lobe ablation, and unilateral transverse hemisection at a level between the tectum and the cerebellum. The first two groups of animals oriented normally to stimuli throughout the region of visual field overlap and failed to respond to more peripheral stimuli on one side. Hemisected animals responded to stimuli at all positions in the visual field. For stimuli located contralateral to the lesion, the frogs oriented normally. For ipsilateral stimuli, the frogs oriented forward. PMID- 6983361 TI - Total glycosylated haemoglobins (HbA1) and the relation of diabetic control of the type of diabetic treatment. PMID- 6983362 TI - Screening for sexually transmissible infections in unwanted pregnancy. PMID- 6983363 TI - A multi-centre study comparing trimethoprim with co-trimoxazole in the treatment of respiratory tract infection in general practice. PMID- 6983364 TI - Histopathological differentiation of benign and malignant cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates. PMID- 6983365 TI - Physicochemical studies of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein: unusual ultracentrifugal and circular dichroic properties. AB - The molecular properties of native and modified pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) from human placenta were evaluated by sedimentation equilibrium, gel electrophoresis, and circular dichroic measurements. Native SP1 contained 6.2% N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), 5.8% galactose (Gal), 13% N acetylglucosamine, 6.5% mannose, and 1.1% fucose but no detectable N acetylgalactosamine. Treatment with mixed exoglycosidases and alpha-mannosidase removed 79% of the carbohydrate including all of the NANA and Gal. The intensity of the circular dichroic spectrum of SP1 in the far ultraviolet was quite low with a positive maximum at 235 nm and a negative maximum at 215 nm. The 235-nm band was lost upon treatment with reducing agents or with guanidinium chloride (GdmCl), but not by treatment with neuraminidase. Treatment of SP1 with neuraminidase, or with mixed exoglycosidases and alpha-mannosidase, resulted in decreases of the apparent molecular weight obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Neither exposure of SP1 to GdmCl nor its reduction and alkylation resulted in the appearance of subunits on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The partial specific volume of SP1 determined experimentally by comparing sedimentation equilibrium profiles in H2O and D2O was 0.695 +/- 0.007 mL/g. The molecular weight of SP1 in 6 M GdmCl (in the presence or absence of reducing agents) by equilibrium sedimentation was 42 300 +/- 400. In the absence of denaturing agents, SP1 existed in the form of aggregates (at least as high as trimeric SP1) that dissociated only slowly upon dilution. The presence of these aggregates may contribute to the reported molecular heterogeneity of SP1. PMID- 6983366 TI - S-Adenosylhomocysteinase: mechanism of inactivation by 2'-deoxyadenosine and interaction with other nucleosides. AB - S-Adenosylhomocysteinase (SAHase), a tetrameric enzyme, is inactivated by 2' deoxyadenosine (2'dAdo) in a time-dependent process [Hirshfield, M. S. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 22-25]. It has been proposed that inactivation involves oxidation of 2'dAdo at C-3' by enzyme-bound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), subsequent proton abstraction at C-2', and elimination of adenine. This results in irreversible formation of enzyme-bound NADH and of adenine (Ade) and inactivation [Abeles, R. H., TAshjian, A. H., Jr., & Fish, S (1980) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 95, 612-617]. It has now been established that upon inactivation of SAHase with deoxy[2'(R)-3H]adenosine, 3H2O is formed. This is consistent with the proposed mechanism and of 3H2O release shows that maximally two of the four subunits participate in the reaction that results in 3H2O release. Reaction of SAHase with 2'dAdo results in reduction of two of the enzyme bound NAD molecules. However, all four NAD molecules can be reduced by NaBH4, but only two are reduced to C-4 NADH. When the enzyme is inactivated with adenine labeled 2'dAdo, radioactivity corresponding to 0.5-1.0 mumol of 2'dAdo binds tightly per micromole of subunit. This radioactive material is not removed from the enzyme by extensive dialysis but can be displaced by unlabeled 2'dAdo or Ade. After denaturation of the complex, radioactive material is released. Of this material 80-90% is adenine and less than 1% 2'dAdo. 2'dAdo also binds tightly to the enzyme reduced with NaBH4. Upon denaturation mostly adenine (80-90%) is released. Reaction of [2'-3H]2'dAdo with enzyme reduced with NaBH4 does not result in 3H2O formation. We conclude that the enzyme catalyzes the release of adenine from 2'dAdo by two mechanisms: One involves formation of 3'keto-2'dAdo and subsequent elimination of adenine. The other does not involve oxidation of 2'dAdo and probably is a hydrolytic process. It is proposed that the ability of the enzyme to carry out the hydrolytic process is a direct consequence of the manner in which 2'dAdo as well as the normal substrate binds to the enzyme, i.e., hydrogen-bond interaction of the protein with the adenine moiety and distortion of the ribose ring. When adenine-labeled adenosine is added to the enzyme, radioactivity corresponding to 0.5 mumol/mumol of subunit is associated with the protein after gel filtration. Of the radioactive material bound to the protein, 20% is adenine, 15% is adenosine, and the remaining radioactivity is present in unidentified compounds. The adenine bound to the enzyme does not participate in the catalytic process, and we conclude that it is bound to two of the subunits that do not participate in catalysis. Possible, these two subunits have a regulatory function. SAHase probably consists of two nonequivalent pairs of subunits. Only one pair participates in catalysis, but all four subunits probably bind Ado and 2'dAdo. We have confirmed the fact that the carbocyclic analogue of adenosine inactivates SAHase [Guranowski, A., Montgomery, J. A., 110-115]... PMID- 6983367 TI - Simulation of adaptive modification of the vestibulo-ocular reflex with an adaptive filter model of the cerebellum. AB - An adaptive linear filter model of the cerebellum (Fujita, 1982), which functions as a phase lead or lag compensator with learning capability, is applied to a problem of the cerebellar control of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). Under the assumption that the cerebellar flocculus accounts for adaptive modification of dynamic characteristics of the VOR, the cerebellar model was incorporated into a linear control model of the oculomotor system. The results of a simulation study are in good agreement with experimental data on eye movement. PMID- 6983368 TI - Brain imaging. PMID- 6983369 TI - Incomplete achromatopsia: diagnosis in infancy. PMID- 6983370 TI - The eye in the Marfan syndrome. PMID- 6983371 TI - [Statistical analysis of calcium accumulation in nerve endings during rhythmic stimulation]. AB - The extracellular recording was used to examine the evoked transmitter release in neuromuscular junctions of the frog sartorius muscle at pair and repetitive stimulations. The repetitive stimulation with low initial level of secretion (the quantum content 0.1-0.5) led to the increased transmitter release. Statistical analysis showed that the probability of the quantum transmitter release in response to each stimulus was increased. The method of conditioned probabilities revealed a decrease in the probability of the quantum release provided the previous stimulus had induced the secretion of the acetylcholine quantum. It is assumed that at the moment of the quantum transmitter release (or promptly after it) a certain quantity of Ca2+ leaves the nerve terminal cytoplasm, thereby significantly reducing the intracellular concentration of calcium. PMID- 6983372 TI - [Changes in the rate of sinoatrial node after high-frequency stimulation of the heart atrium]. AB - Variations in the sinus node rate of the frog heart isolated together with the atria were studied during suprathreshold atrial stimulation at a frequency exceeding the intrinsic sinus node rate. If the stimulation frequency surpassed the intrinsic sinus node rate by 20%, the sinus node rate became equal to the pacing rate. Provided the pacing rate was increased, the sinus node rhythm became irregular. If the pacing rate exceeded the sinus node rate more than two-fold, the latter became half the pacing rate. Variations in the sinus node rate during suprathreshold atrial stimulation were also observed after blockade of possible retrograde conduction by application of the necrotic tissue on the sinoatrial border. The results allow the conclusion that variations in the sinus node rate seen during high-frequency suprathreshold atrial stimulation are not connected with retrograde conduction. PMID- 6983373 TI - [Action of pyrazidol on the effect of serotonin and phenylethylamine]. PMID- 6983374 TI - [Determination of T- and B-lymphocyte counts in guinea pigs]. AB - T lymphocytes of guinea-pigs were found to form spontaneous E-rosettes with rabbit red blood cells. The lymphocyte count constituted 32% of blood lymphocytes, 41% of lymph node cells. Meanwhile no T lymphocytes were detected in the bone marrow. The T lymphocyte subpopulation capable of forming "early" rosettes was demonstrated. B lymphocytes formed EAC-rosettes with sheep red blood cells. The B lymphocyte count in the blood, lymph nodes and bone marrow amounted to 10, 18 and 5%, respectively. The effects of incubation conditions, centrifugation, antibody types, and complement concentration, etc. on E- and EAC rosette formation were defined. PMID- 6983376 TI - 7-Ethoxycoumarin deethylation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). PMID- 6983375 TI - Nil-8 conditioned medium stimulates growth of human mammary epithelial cells. PMID- 6983377 TI - [Surveys of tuberculosis prevalence]. PMID- 6983378 TI - Concentrations of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in the human prostate gland after intramuscular injection. AB - Following intramuscular injection of co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole 1 : 5), concentrations of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulphamethoxazole (SMX) were measured in the prostatic tissue and serum of 30 men undergoing endoscopic prostatectomy. Tissue levels for TMP appeared to be higher than serum levels and probably reached the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for most urinary pathogens. Administration of the drug at 4, 8 and 12 h prior to sampling produced no significant difference in tissue levels. It is concluded that TMP is concentrated in prostatic tissue following intramuscular injection. Tissue levels for SMX were apparently lower than serum levels. PMID- 6983379 TI - Metronidazole resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis as a cause of treatment failure in trichomoniasis--A case report. AB - Six isolates of a strain (MRP-MT) of Trichomonas vaginalis obtained from a woman before and after unsuccessful treatment with metronidazole had an appreciably lower susceptibility to metronidazole both in vitro in the aerobic tube assay and in vivo in the mouse assay than did control strains from patients cured with standard doses of the drug. Our results support recent evidence that metronidazole-resistant strains of T vaginalis do cause treatment failure. Resistance of these strains could be detected in vitro under only aerobic but not anaerobic conditions. The prevalence of metronidazole-resistant strains of T vaginalis should be kept under surveillance in order to estimate their clinical importance. The patient harbouring the resistant strain MRP-MT was finally cured with increased doses of ornidazole. PMID- 6983380 TI - Changes in formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of the hypothalamus and pars intermedia in the frog, Rana temporaria, following background adaptation. AB - Adaptation of the frog, Rana temporaria, to a white background for 12 hr has resulted in an intense formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF) in the neurons of the preoptic recess organ (PRO), paraventricular organ (PVO), nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (NID) and their basal processes permitting visualization of the PRO- and PVO-hypophysial tracts that extend into the median eminence (ME) and pars intermedia (PI); the FIF is reduced in all the structures by 3 days. In frogs adapted to a black background, for 12 hr and 3 days, there was a general reduction in the FIF of the PRO neurons and PRO-hypophysial tract. By 12 hr black background adaptation, the PVO/NID neurons and only their adjacent basal processes show FIF which was sharply reduced by 3 days, making the PVO hypophysial tract undetectable. In the PI fibers the fluorescence was more intense in black-adapted frogs than in white-adapted ones at both the intervals studied. The simultaneous changes in the FIF of the hypothalamic nuclei, tracts and PI suggest that the PRO and PVO/NID neurons participate in PI control through release of neurotransmitter(s) at the axonal ends. PMID- 6983381 TI - Essential sulfhydryl groups and the light-dependent transhydrogenase system of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides: localization of substrate binding sites and evidence for masked or buried sulfhydryl groups in the peripheral protein factor. AB - The light-dependent transhydrogenase system of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides which consists of a peripheral protein factor and a membrane-bound component contains essential sulfhydryl groups that are sensitive to p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (PMB). There are two types of sulfhydryl groups required for light-dependent (LD) transhydrogenation. One type is associated with the membrane-bound component and participates in or influences the binding of one of the substrates, NADH. A second type is associated with the peripheral protein factor and is not involved with the binding of the substrates. These sulfhydryl groups are masked or buried in the protein and are only exposed upon treatment of the peripheral protein factor with urea or trypsin. The peripheral protein factor may be an integral part of the transhydrogenase complex or may be required for the energization process. This factor appears to play an important role in the activation and control of LD-transhydrogenation. PMID- 6983382 TI - Management of infective endophthalmitis by pars plana vitrectomy. AB - Endophthalmitis is an ocular disaster that frequently leads to blindness. With the advent of vitrectomy and the opportunity for intraocular injection of antibiotics more of the eyes can be salvaged. In 11 patients the infection was controlled by vitrectomy. All had dramatic relief of pain, and eight showed an improvement in visual acuity. Pathogens were cultured from the aqueous or the vitreous, or both, of 64%, and from the conjunctival swabs of the remainder. PMID- 6983383 TI - Height and weight in Caucasian school children in Central Canada. PMID- 6983385 TI - Synthesis of immunoglobulin by rabbit lymphocytes in vitro in response to anti immunoglobulin antiserum. PMID- 6983384 TI - Morphological correlates of permeability in the frog perineurium: vesicles and "transcellular channels". AB - Lanthanum, applied to the outside of the fixed sciatic nerve of Rana pipiens, did not enter the endoneurium, but was halted by functionally tight junctions at the inner layers of the perineurium. This component of the blood-nerve barrier consists of several concentric layers of cells interspersed with an extracellular matrix of amorphous ground substance, collagen fibrils, and fine filaments. Numerous vesicular profiles are closely associated with the surface membranes of all the cells. The application of lanthanum to fixed tissue revealed that these profiles are attached to the cell surface by narrow necks, and open to the extracellular space. The attenuated cells are filled by the vesicular structures, which often appear to overlap. Stereoscopic electron microscopy showed that these vesicles did not fuse with each other or with the apposing cell surface to form transcellular channels. Channel formation does not appear to contribute significantly to the permeability of any of the perineurial layers. PMID- 6983386 TI - Human T lymphocyte receptor for sheep erythrocytes: characterization of a specific antiserum and its application in the detection and quantitation of the receptor in a soluble form. PMID- 6983387 TI - Cultures of purified human natural killer cells: growth in the presence of interleukin 2. PMID- 6983388 TI - Unusual characteristics of peritoneal macrophages from aged autoimmune-prone mice. PMID- 6983389 TI - Activated T lymphocytes resist the toxic effects of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2-deoxycoformycin. PMID- 6983391 TI - The immunoglobulin production of human peripheral B lymphocytes induced by phorbol myristate acetate. PMID- 6983390 TI - Ontogeny of B-lymphocyte function. XII. Evidence that the ability to generate memory cells precedes the ability to produce antibody-secreting cells. PMID- 6983392 TI - Induction of serum thymic-like activity in adult thymectomized mice by a synthetic analog of PGE2. PMID- 6983394 TI - [Experience with domestically manufactured fibrin glue in ear surgery]. PMID- 6983393 TI - New outbreak of oral tumors, malignancies and infectious diseases strikes young male homosexuals. PMID- 6983395 TI - [Hemorrhage into the gastrointestinal system as a complication of Acylpyrin therapy]. PMID- 6983396 TI - Effect of 3-substitution in oxyiminocephalosporins on the stability to and the inhibition of various beta-lactamases. PMID- 6983397 TI - [Impairment in the number of circulating T lymphocytes in lepromatous leprosy: preliminary study]. PMID- 6983398 TI - [Werner's syndrome, apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6983399 TI - The in vivo distribution of methotrexate between plasma and erythrocytes. AB - 1. The concentration of methotrexate in whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes was measured in three patients receiving 250 mg methotrexate by continuous intravenous infusion over 12 h for different malignant diseases. 2. Methotrexate was measured using a double-antibody radioimmunoassay which facilitated drug monitoring for 1--2 weeks. 3. The concentration of methotrexate in plasma was much higher than that in whole blood and erythrocytes during the period of infusion, but this profile was reversed during the elimination phase. 4. The concentration in erythrocytes fell rapidly immediately after the infusion ended, but thereafter, in contrast to plasma levels, methotrexate concentrations in erythrocytes did not appear to decay during the elimination phase. In one patient the concentration/time profiles differed between treatment days. On the first occasion, at the initiation of chemotherapy, erythrocytes progressively accumulated methotrexate in the elimination phase against an apparent concentration gradient. On the second occasion this progressive increase was not observed, but as in the other two patients, methotrexate levels in red cells remained many times higher than drug levels in plasma throughout the period of observation. 5. Folinic acid administration did not appear to influence the distribution of methotrexate between red cells and plasma. 6. It was concluded that while the distribution between plasma and erythrocytes was probably mediated by complex mechanisms, the results were consistent with the erythrocyte mass behaving as a slowly exchanging kinetic compartment. Accumulation and persistence of a drug such as methotrexate in red cells might be expected to promote resistance and perhaps influence the expression of toxicity. PMID- 6983400 TI - The T lymphocyte content of the efferent lymphatics of the human palatine tonsil. PMID- 6983401 TI - A case of retinoblastoma, associated with histiocytosis-X and mosaicism of a deleted D-group chromosome (13q14 leads to q31). PMID- 6983402 TI - Sensitivity of pre-T cells to natural thymocytotoxic autoantibodies developed in New Zealand Black mice. AB - The effect of affinity purified natural thymocytotoxic autoantibodies from New Zealand Black (NZB) mice (NTA-1 and NTA-2) against pre-T cells was studied. Pre treatment of spleen cells from nu/nu mice or bone marrow cells from DBA/2 mice with NTA-1 and complement (C) or with NTA-2 and C markedly inhibited the induction of T cell markers with a thymic extract in vitro. The effect of NTA-2 and C was abolished by absorption of NTA-2 with neuraminidase treated thymocytes, whereas its effect was not abolished by absorption with intact thymocytes. The effect of NTA-1 and C was abolished by absorption of NTA-1 with either neuraminidase treated thymocytes or intact thymocytes. The effect of NTA-2 was inhibited by lactose whereas the effect of NTA-1 was not. These results suggest that NTA-2 specifically recognizes the cell surface characteristics of pre-T cells and blocks the differentiation pathway of T cells. PMID- 6983403 TI - Functional assessment of T and B lymphocytes in patients with selective IgM deficiency. AB - Two patients with selective IgM deficiency were studied. Both presented with dermatitis, chronic diarrhoea, recurrent respiratory infections, failure to thrive, elevated serum IgE levels and in vivo impairment of antibody production. No phagocytic or complement abnormalities were found. B lymphocytes with surface IgM were present in normal or high percentage in peripheral blood, and produced normal amounts of IgM in vitro when co-cultured with normal T cells. Patients' T cells did not show excess suppressor function in vitro but had a decreased helper activity for IgM, IgG and IgA production. It is suggested that both patients have an extensive humoral immune deficiency that might be caused by the immunoregulatory T cell defect. PMID- 6983405 TI - Hydroxyurea increases in vitro, antigen-independent B cell development in bone marrow. AB - The fluorescence-activated cell sorter and Coulter counter were used to study the effect of hydroxyurea in vitro in B cell development in 24 hr cultures of adult mouse bone marrow. This agent, which kills cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, caused a 40-70% increase in the absolute number of B cells in bone marrow cultures as compared with untreated cultures. There was also an increased response to the B cell mitogen, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, as measured by the stimulation index for 3H-thymidine incorporation. Hydroxyurea in vitro increased B cells numbers in fetal liver which contains pre-B cells, but not in lymph nodes or spleen which lack these cells. PMID- 6983404 TI - Modulation of polyclonal B cell differentiation by human leucocyte alpha interferon. AB - Although interferon (IFN) profoundly affects immune responses in animals, less is known about its immunoregulatory activity in man. Therefore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from 20 healthy volunteers were incubated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the presence and absence of human leucocyte alpha interferon (IFN alpha). In 18/20 experiments, IFN alpha added at initiation of culture markedly suppressed PWM-induced generation of immunoglobulin secreting cells (IgSC). IFN alpha suppressed proliferative responses in all experiments but the degree of suppression was not correlated with concomitant suppression of IgSC responses. Suppressive activity was resistant to pH 2 treatment but sensitive to treatment with trypsin. Delayed addition of IFN alpha was associated with decreased suppression. Suppression was not due to non-specific cytotoxicity since we observed (1) comparable viabilities in cultures with or without IFN alpha and (2) negligible effect when IFN alpha was added for the final 24 hr of culture. The data confirm previously described effects of IFN on mitogen stimulated PBM and, more importantly, provide convincing evidence that IFN alpha regulates human B cell functions. PMID- 6983406 TI - Action of deoxycoformycin on human T cell colonies in vitro. AB - The potent adenosine deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformycin (dCF), is currently under evaluation in the treatment of lymphoid malignancy. We show that dCF inhibits the growth in soft agar of T cell colonies from PHA stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In contrast to previous attempts to develop an in vitro model for analysis of the drug's action, concentrations lower than 10(-9)M are effective, and no 'priming' by pharmacological concentrations of adenosine is required. Maximum inhibition is obtained when dCF is present over the first 4 hr of cellular exposure to PHA. T cells already proliferating in response to PHA are less sensitive to dCF, implying that S-phase events are not primary targets of the drug's action. Colony inhibition does not appear to be due to alteration in the production of, or sensitivity to, soluble T cell growth factors. In suspension cultures, dCF at concentrations up to 10(-5)M fails to inhibit early PHA-induced volume changes, or later mitosis, in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The results show that there is a critical dCF sensitive step early in PHA stimulation. It involves those T cells capable of forming colonies and may be conditioned by the cellular microenvironment. PMID- 6983407 TI - Cellular and humoral immune reactions in chronic active liver disease. I. Lymphocyte subsets in liver biopsies of patients with untreated idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis B and primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - In liver biopsies of 37 patients with chronic active liver disease (CALD) the inflammatory infiltrate was studied with monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens on helper/inducer (OKT4+), suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8+), killer/natural killer (OKM1,2+) cells and common T cell antigens (OKT1+, OKT3+). Furthermore OKT11 antibody was applied, which defines the E rosette receptor. Special emphasis was given to areas with piece-meal necrosis (PMN). In areas with PMN in idiopathic autoimmune CALD (IA-CALD, n = 15) OKT8+ and OKM+ lymphocytes and IgG plasma cells were present, whereas in hepatitis B-CALD (HB-CALD, n = 12) almost exclusively OKT8+ cells were found. In PBC (n = 10) OKT4+ cells in central parts of portal tracts and OKT8+ cells in areas with PMN predominated. These findings indicate that in IA-CALD antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), as well as T cell cytotoxicity may be responsible for liver cell damage, while in HB CALD T cell cytotoxicity seems to be the only mechanism. In PBC liver cell damage also predominantly is the result of T cell cytotoxicity. In addition, helper T lymphocytes seem to play a role since these are found in central areas of the portal tracts. PMID- 6983408 TI - Immune functions in methyl and ethyl carbamate treated mice. AB - Female B6C3F1 hybrid mice (5-7 weeks of age) were given methyl or ethyl carbamate over a 2 week period and subsequently examined for alterations in various immunological parameters. Exposure to methyl carbamate, a non-carcinogen, did not cause any alterations in the parameters examined. In contrast, exposure to the multipotential carcinogen, ethyl carbamate (urethan) at tumourigenic dosages caused severe myelotoxicity at all dosage levels. Related to the myelotoxicity was a marked depression of natural killer cell activity. Other parameters including susceptibility to tumour cell challenge, humoral immunity, cellular immunity and macrophage function were less affected. These studies indicate that non-toxic, but carcinogenic dosages of urethan, have profound but selective effects on the immune system which can be related to alterations in bone marrow functions. PMID- 6983409 TI - Risk factors and late recurrence of angina following myocardial revascularization. AB - To assess the influence of risk factors on the recurrence of angina several years after myocardial revascularization, 316 patients were studied. We report that 249 patients obtained relief of angina from coronary bypass surgery and remained free of angina up to 4 years later. The remaining 67 patients experienced initial relief of angina 1 year following bypass surgery and then, subsequently, redeveloped angina 4 years postsurgery. There was no statistical difference in any risk factor between patients who remained free of angina after myocardial revascularization and those who developed angina. Of the total 316 patients, 79% were free of angina 4 years after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6983410 TI - Hemophilus influenzae pericarditis. AB - Although Hemophilus influenzae infections have long been considered to be a disease of childhood, recent reports have demonstrated an increasing frequency of serious Hemophilus influenzae infections in adults. A case of purulent H. influenzae pericarditis in a previously healthy adult without evidence of concurrent H. influenzae infection is reported. PMID- 6983411 TI - Patient profile and follow-up in medically and surgically treated elderly adults with myocardial infarction. AB - We followed 23 elderly patients (age 75 years or older) with previous myocardial infarctions for an average of 22.4 months after cardiac catheterization. The mortality rate for the medically treated patients was 13%, and 28% for the surgically treated patients. Improvement in anginal symptoms over the follow-up period from the time of catheterization for the entire group was 50%. However, 100% of the surviving surgically treated patients were symptomatically improved with a mean improvement of 1.6 New York Heart Association functional class levels. The medically treated patients remained unchanged in their functional activity level. Catheterization mortality and morbidity were both zero in this group of 23 elderly patients. PMID- 6983412 TI - Sugar and dental caries. PMID- 6983414 TI - Personalized laminate veneers for optimal esthetics. PMID- 6983413 TI - Humanistic application of behavioral strategies in oral hygiene instruction. PMID- 6983415 TI - Intermaxillary fixation--torture or therapy? PMID- 6983416 TI - Sex differences in liver non-specific esterases of the green frog Rana esculenta. AB - 1. Liver esterases of the green frog Rana esculenta have been fractionated on disc electrophoresis, thin-layer electrofocusing and column electrofocusing. 2. The enzyme resolves in several molecular forms some of which result sex dependent, since they disappear in castrated animals and can be induced by sex hormone administration. 3. The enzyme molecular forms which depend on female hormones might be involved in cellular modifications of hepatocytes related to yolk protein synthesis. induced by sex hormone administration. 3. The enzyme molecular forms which depend on female hormones might be involved in cellular modifications of hepatocytes related to yolk protein synthesis. PMID- 6983418 TI - beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase activity levels in atrophic gastrocnemius muscle of Rana esculenta. AB - 1. The atrophic status induced by long-term sciatectomy or tenotomy is different, since only in the first case have we found an irreversible muscular degeneration. 2. Up to 20 days after denervation or tenotomy the beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase showed increased specific activity. 3. The time-course of the beta-NAG increase is closely correlated with the loss of contractile capacity. 4. beta-NAG increases to 170% and does not fall in 20 days after cutting the nerve; but increases to 150% on day 4 and falls to 130% on day 20 after tenotomy. PMID- 6983417 TI - Changes in the density of circulating erythrocytes of the bullfrog tadpole, Rana catesbeiana, in relation to the transition of hemoglobin during metamorphosis. AB - 1. The circulating erythrocytes of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles at varying metamorphic stages were studied by the phthalate-microcapillary technique of Danon & Marikovsky (1964 J. Lab. Clin. Med. 64, 668-674) and by the method of Murphy (1973 J. Lab. Clin. Med. 82, 334-341), which are used for the separation of erythrocytes according to the density. 2. The erythrocytes of tadpoles were different in the mean density from those of adult frogs. 3. At the metamorphic climax, aged erythrocytes having the tadpole hemoglobin coexisted with young erythrocytes having the frog hemoglobin in the circulating blood. 4. The frog hemoglobin was preferentially synthesized during metamorphosis. 5. All the results suggested that the transition of hemoglobin during metamorphosis was associated with the replacement of erythrocyte population. PMID- 6983419 TI - [Usefulness of surgical treatment of diaphyseal aclasis]. PMID- 6983420 TI - [Use of electroanalgesia in orthopedics: comparison of its effects in postoperative and non-postoperative pain]. PMID- 6983421 TI - [Laboratory findings in 34 cases of Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 6983422 TI - [Regional anatomy of the posterior gastric artery and vein and its importance in surgery]. PMID- 6983423 TI - [Surgical treatment of bleeding varices in portal hypertension]. PMID- 6983424 TI - [Study of cell-mediated immunity of tuberculosis patients using an in vitro radioisotope-labeling method]. PMID- 6983425 TI - [Complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute respiratory failure and their effect on the prognosis]. PMID- 6983426 TI - Hemorrhoidal bleeding following transrectal prostatic biopsy. Etiology and management. AB - Three cases of rectal bleeding within a series of 120 transrectal prostatic biopsies are reported. The precipitating factor was the presence of hemorrhoids which were unsuspected prior to prostatic biopsy. Rectal bleeding in these patients was arrested by ballon tamponade with a 24 French Foley catheter. In situ monitoring of the rectal Foley catheter was discontinued when no further rectal bleeding was ascertained. There were no complications due to this simple, safe, and effective technique. When hemorrhoids are suspected, preliminary proctoscopy aids and alerts surgeons to choose alternative routes to the prostatic bed. PMID- 6983427 TI - Massive postpolypectomy hemorrhage. PMID- 6983428 TI - Aortoduodenal fistula: gastrointestinal bleeding and polymicrobial sepsis. PMID- 6983429 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin and chronic liver disease in adult Nigerians. PMID- 6983430 TI - Practical therapeutics: management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6983432 TI - Effect of naloxone on the suckling induced prolactin release in rats. AB - 2.0 mg/kg b.w. of naloxone--a specific opiate antagonist--injected i.p. 10 min before a brief (lasting for 10 min) suckling and 10 min before a second suckling 30 min after the first suckling significantly inhibited the rise in plasma prolactin levels induced by the suckling stimuli. 0.2 mg/kg of naloxone caused only a slight inhibition on the pituitary prolactin response, the inhibitory effect being more evident on the response to the second suckling stimulus. The data are consistent with the view that endogenous opioids might be involved in the control of prolactin secretion of lactating rats. PMID- 6983431 TI - Gastrointestinal hormones: central nervous system localization and sites of neuroendocrine actions. AB - It was established that VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide), secretin, CCK (cholecystokinin), gastrin and motilin can be localized to the CNS by immunologic means. Whether or not these immuno-crossreactivities represent peptides identical to those in the g.i. tracts remains to be established. The neuronal localization of these five peptides in the gut predicted, however, their presence in neurons of the CNS. Furthermore, their presence within the hypothalamus and pituitary suggested physiological roles for these hormones in anterior pituitary function. We have now demonstrated the direct actions of VIP, secretin, gastrin and motilin on pituitary hormone release in vitro. Perhaps more importantly, we have described a hypothalamic site of action of VIP, secretin, CCK and gastrin to alter hormone release in vitro. Our data, taken in concert with those of other groups, suggest a modulatory role for the g.i. hormones and indicate the possible symphonic control by many hormones and transmitter candidates of distinct secretory events in the pituitary. Indeed, these data indicate the complexity underlying the finally tuned hypothalamus-pituitary-target tissue axis. PMID- 6983433 TI - Thyroxine-rich iodopeptides as fragment of reduced guinea pig thyroglobulin. AB - Full reduction of guinea pig thyroglobulin with mercaptoethanol followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals the presence besides the well known three polypeptide chains, of small amounts of iodopeptides with a molecular weight of 3 000 to 46 000 daltons. One of these peptides with a molecular weight of roughly 10 000 daltons has a much higher efficiency to couple iodotyrosines into thyroxine than any other fragment of thyroglobulin. Despite its small quantity this peptide contributes more than one third to the total thyroxine synthesis from a given iodide shot at any time up to five days after its injection. Iodopeptides akin to that found in guinea pigs were recently described by several authors in different species. They probably represent the preferential domains for hormone synthesis within the intact thyroglobulin molecule. PMID- 6983434 TI - Evolving views of the metabolic fate of norepinephrine. AB - The metabolic fate of norepinephrine, which is a neurotransmitter in brain as well as at peripheral sympathetic nerve endings has been the subjects of investigation for over 25 years. The various metabolites are formed by sequential O-methylation deamination, and oxidation of the aldehyde or glycol derivatives. O methylation to normetanephrine occurs after release of the catcholamine in an active form whereas norepinephrine which is metabolized in neuronal tissue is converted mainly to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG). This neutral metabolite readily diffuses into extraneural tissue where it is O-methylated to 3-methoxy-4 hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG). The glycol can be oxidized to form 3-methoxy-4 hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) which is also a major product of hepatic or renal metabolism of normetanephrine. In humans, VMA is the major urinary excretion product of the catecholamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. MHPG produced in brain on peripheral tissues is conjugated or converted to VMA so that the total of urinary conjugated MHPG plus VMA reflects overall synthesis and metabolism of norepinephrine. Normetanephrine and metanephrine are formed primarily from activated catecholamines; the ratio of these amines to the deaminated compounds provides a useful index of symphato-adrenal medullary activity in disease states or after drug administration. PMID- 6983435 TI - Nuclear binding sites in the liver for dexamethasone and in the ventral prostate for R1881. AB - Nuclear binding sites which exhibit affinity similar to previously reported "Type II" sites (Clark et al., 1978) for estradiol in rat uterus were found in the liver and ventral prostate of rats and showed a binding specificity for glucocorticoid and androgen, respectively. However, both binding sites were qualitatively different from those of the rat uterus; a reducing agent, dithiothreitol, did not block the binding of steroids in the liver and ventral prostate. Extraction of the bound ligands discriminated the binding of the liver from that of the ventral prostate, Triton X-100 solubilized a majority of the bound Dex in liver nuclei, while the effect of KCl treatment was more remarkable on the bound R1881 in nuclei of the ventral prostate. Castration caused a drastic decrease in the binding of ventral prostate, only trace binding was observed at 48 h after hormone deprivation and replacement therapy restored the binding rapidly, at 3 h after testosterone injection almost 70% of the binding was detected. Although adrenalectomy did not result in a profound change in the binding sites of liver, the injection of Dex increased the number of binding sites significantly. The physiological significance of these binding sites is not clear at the present time. PMID- 6983436 TI - Rapid detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b in cerebrospinal fluid by commercial coagglutination and latex agglutination kits. AB - The ability of two commercial kits to detect Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen in cerebrospinal fluid was evaluated. Results obtained by Bactogen, a latex agglutination test, and Phadebact, a coagglutination test, were compared to counterimmunoelectrophoresis, Gram stain and culture results. One hundred and seven specimens of cerebrospinal fluid were tested. Thirty were found to contain bacteria, 20 of which were Haemophilus influenzae type b. All 20 were positive by Bactogen and Phadebact testing, 19 were culture positive, 18 were positive by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and 15 had gram-negative bacilli seen on Gram stain. The culture negative specimen contained microscopically visible gram-negative bacilli and was from a patient on antimicrobial therapy who was previously Haemophilus influenzae type b culture positive. No false positives from other genera or the 77 culture negative specimens occurred with Phadebact, Bactogen or counterimmunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6983438 TI - Short-term regulation of the nitrogenase activity in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The nitrogenase activity in whole cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides could be inhibited by lowering the electrical potential across the cytoplasmic membrane. The membrane potential was partly dissipated either by lowering the light intensity or by the addition of a lipophilic cation, tetraphenylphosphonium. Under these circumstances, it was shown that the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio was not affected and that the inhibition of the whole cell nitrogenase activity was not due to an inactivation of the nitrogenase enzyme. From these results it is concluded that electron transport to nitrogenase in Rps. sphaeroides is dependent on a high membrane potential. The nitrogenase enzyme in whole cells could be inactivated by lowering the membrane potential across the cytoplasmic membrane by incubating the cells in the dark or in the light in the presence of uncouplers. Nitrogenase could be reactivated in the light in the absence of uncouplers. Some possible mechanisms of action of NH+4 inhibition of whole cell nitrogenase activity could be excluded. Inhibition by NH4Cl of whole cell nitrogenase activity in Rps. sphaeroides could neither be explained by a rapid inactivation of the nitrogenase enzyme, nor by an effect on the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio or the membrane potential. NH+4 inhibits whole cell nitrogenase activity not directly but probably after being assimilated by glutamine synthetase. The role of glutamine, glutamate and 2-oxoglutarate on the regulation of electron transport to nitrogenase will be discussed. PMID- 6983439 TI - Inhibition of mitogenic stimulation of human lymphocytes by protease released membrane glycopeptides. AB - Mitogenic stimulation of human lymphocytes was induced by different means including non-lectin mitogens. Independent of the mean of stimulation the proliferation of lymphocytes was significantly inhibited by protease released lymphocyte surface glycopeptides (LySP). These surface peptides may have regulatory functions in cell proliferation and in the onset of the immune response in vivo. They offer a new tool for the elucidation of the triggering mechanism in mitogenic stimulation. PMID- 6983437 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis and non-specific vaginitis. PMID- 6983440 TI - An analytical approach to single photon emission computed tomography with the attenuation effect. AB - The problem of transverse plane reconstruction from an ensemble of projections is considered in its general formulation and an analytically exact solution to the attenuated tomographic operator is proposed. Such a technique, called the regularizing iterative method (RIM), allows the introduction of a priori knowledge on the size and shape of the activity distribution and in principle on the exact attenuation distribution. The relaxation factor used is so named because it provides noise filtering for a small number of iterations. The effectiveness of RIM was studied in the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) problem with the aim of correcting for attenuation before quantitative study. Its application involves the use of a rotating scintillation camera connected to a mini-computer system. Various mathematical and physical phantoms were studied, and a satisfactory attenuation correction was always obtained in the final image with an improvement in the contrast and signal-to noise ratio. Preliminary clinical studies on liver transverse sections seems to indicate an improvement in deep lesion detectability, compared with images obtained by the filtered (Ramp) back projection technique. PMID- 6983441 TI - The relationship between surface immunoglobulin isotype and immune function of murine B lymphocytes. V. IgD-bearing cells in immunological tolerance. AB - The role of IgD (delta) in the induction of tolerance in murine B lymphocytes was explored in the in vivo adoptive antibody response to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Delta+ or delta- B cells purified on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter were injected, with or without purified T cells, into lethally irradiated intermediate hosts, which were rendered tolerant by an injection of deaggregated BSA one day after the cell transfer. Spleen cells from the intermediate hosts were treated with anti-Thy-1.2 antiserum and complement mixed with normal T cells and were transferred to final hosts. The ability of the B cells of the final hosts to respond to the tolerogen BSA and to dinitrophenylated human gamma globulin antigen was examined. This approach enabled examination of the function of the B cell subpopulations in an environment free of tolerogen and of induced T suppressor cells. The results revealed that in the presence of T cells the delta+ subpopulation was highly resistant to tolerance induction, whereas the delta- subpopulation was highly susceptible to tolerance induction. However, there was no difference in susceptibility to tolerance induction between the two subpopulations when tolerance was induced in the absence of T cells. PMID- 6983442 TI - The effects of cyclosporin A on the chicken immune system. PMID- 6983444 TI - Selection of the T cell repertoire during ontogeny: limiting dilution analysis. AB - The relative frequencies of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) specific for minor histocompatibility antigens that are restricted to either k or b major histocompatibility complex antigens in normal B6 mice and in B6 leads to (B6 x CBA)F1 radiation chimeras were estimated. The ratio of k-restricted to b restricted CTL-P determined for the radiation chimeras served as a base value to which the ratio of k: b-restricted CTL from normal B6 mice can be compared. The frequencies of allorestricted CTL-P in B6 mice were determined after the B6 cells had been depleted of k-reactive cells by filtration through irradiated B6.H-2k mice. Lymphocytes from immunized animals were used to obtain frequency estimates of CTL-P specific for minor H antigens. The cultures contained nu/nu spleen cells syngeneic to the responder, but no exogenous interleukin 2 (T cell growth factor) since a high degree of nonspecific killing was found in IL2-supplemented cultures. It was found that the CTL-P frequency of B6 mice to BALB.B antigens in the lymph node cells of normal or immune B6 mice were 1 in 300 000 and 1 in 8000, respectively. In B6 leads to (B6 x CBA)F1 radiation chimeras, the ratio of BALB.B/BALB.K-specific CTL-P was 3:1; this ratio was 17:1 in normal B6 mice. Twenty-five percent of CTL clones from normal B6 mice lysing BALB.K target also lysed BALB.B target whereas less than 1% of CTL clones lytic on BALB.K target from the chimeras showed this cross-reaction The results are compatible with the idea of complete positive selection of self MHC-restricted CTL-P in the absence of priming effects by foreign antigen. PMID- 6983445 TI - The frequency of mutant-specific killer precursors in related and unrelated mouse strains. AB - The frequency of mutant-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) has been analyzed in several mouse strains. While H-2 antigens of responder strains have a limited influence on the frequency of major H antigen-specific CTL-P, the frequency of mutant-specific CTL-P can be equally as high in unrelated and related strains. In general, the frequency does not reflect the closeness of kinship between stimulator and responder. PMID- 6983443 TI - Physiology of Igd. II. Lack of humoral immune responsiveness in lymph nodes of mice treated with anti-IgD from birth. AB - Previous studies have shown that anti-IgD-suppressed mice give normal primary and secondary splenic plaque-forming cell responses following i.v. challenge, although mice suppressed by the injection of anti-IgD from birth lack IgD-bearing cells in all lymphoid tissue examined. The present studies show that, in contrast, secondary immune responses in regional lymph nodes of such mice, even after i.v. priming with trinitrophenylated B. abortus, respond to a challenge injection in the footpad up to only less than 10% of control levels. When compared with respect to B cell numbers transferred, primed spleen cells from control and anti-IgD-suppressed mice are about equally effective in producing adoptive secondary plaque-forming cell responses in the spleens of recipient mice. Lymph nodes in recipients of anti-IgD-suppressed primed spleen cells show much lower responses than do lymph nodes in recipients of control primed cells, both upon immediate and delayed challenge with antigen in the footpads. It is concluded that the immunodeficiency caused by suppression with anti-IgD is much more marked in peripheral lymph nodes than in the spleen. The possible relationship of these results to the migratory properties of IgD+ as compared to IgD-B cells is discussed. PMID- 6983446 TI - Fever, antipyretics and serum iron levels in rabbits. AB - The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of bacterial endotoxin (Shigella dysenteriae) produces a rise in deep-body temperature in rabbits. The increase in body temperature was partially inhibited by polymyxin B (P), and completely suppressed by ketoprofen (K). The systemic injection of bacterial endotoxins (Shigella dysenteriae or Salmonella typhosa) elicited an elevation of body temperature in rabbits which was partially blocked by polymyxin B and completely antagonized by ketoprofen. Serum iron concentration fell in rabbits treated with Salmonella typhosa endotoxin and rose after injections of ketoprofen, polymyxin B, indomethacin and ketoprofen plus endotoxin (En). However, the total increases in serum iron levels were higher after antipyretics than after ketoprofen plus endotoxin treatment. These results show that the antipyretics antagonized the rise in body temperature and the fall in serum iron concentration induced by bacterial endotoxin and all the drugs used in this study to induce antipyresis increased serum iron levels. PMID- 6983447 TI - Reversal by serotonergic agents of reserpine-induced hyperalgesia in rats. AB - Reserpine (4 mg/kg) induced a time-dependent reduction in pain threshold (hyperalgesia) as observed by the tail-flick technique in rats. Serotonin, its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan or the receptor agonist, quipazine reversed the reserpine-induced hyperalgesia. On the other hand, piribedil, amantadine, imipramine or desipramine treatment failed to reverse the reserpine-induced hyperalgesia. Similarly, intracerebroventricular administration of dopamine or noradrenaline also had no effect on reserpine-induced hyperalgesia. These observations not only suggested a role of serotonin in hyperalgesia but also that reserpine hyperalgesia is suitable for selective study of serotonin-mediated responses in rats. PMID- 6983448 TI - Factors influencing the growth of alveolar type II epithelial cells isolated from rat lungs. PMID- 6983449 TI - Physiological role of the membranes and extracellular space with the ocular lens. PMID- 6983450 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the frog lens. PMID- 6983451 TI - Inhibition of normal erythropoiesis in mice with Friend virus induced erythroleukemia. AB - Mice in which erythroleukemia was induced by the Friend murine leukemia virus produced inhibitors of normal erythropoiesis. The inhibitors were released into media conditioned by bone marrow cells from leukemic, but not normal mice. The inhibitors were active at high dilution against normal erythroid progenitors (CFUE) in S-phase. Colony formation by CFUE from leukemic mice was stimulated by the same preparations of inhibitor. Fractionation of inhibitory media by gel filtration chromatography revealed 2 protease-sensitive, macromolecular components and a small molecular weight species. The cells responsible for production of the CFUE inhibitors were adherent, possessed macrophage but not T or B cell markers, and did not express viral antigens. The CFUE inhibitors were distinguishable from the previously described inhibitor of granulocyte-macrophage precursors, CFUC LIA, by antigenic specificity and cellular origin. PMID- 6983452 TI - The effect of two different types of colony-stimulating factor on the expression of aminopeptidase on marrow-derived murine macrophages. AB - The expression of aminopeptidase, a surface-membrane-bound enzyme, on macrophages formed in liquid cultures of hemopoietic progenitor cells was studied over a period of 20 days. The cultures were stimulated by two biochemically distinct types of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) derived from mouse-lung-conditioned medium (MLCM) and L-cell-conditioned medium (LCCM), respectively. The enzyme content of single cells was determined microphotometrically after staining with Fast Blue B salt and leucine 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide. In LCCM-stimulated cultures the number of cells expressing aminopeptidase, the enzyme content per cell and the enzyme concentration increased markedly from day 10 onward, while macrophages from MLCM-stimulated cultures only showed borderline yet significantly positive aminopeptidase levels. Maximum enzyme concentrations were found earlier than maximum enzyme content indicating an early local increase in the aminopeptidase concentration on the membrane and subsequently a more uniform distribution over the cell surface. The two types of CSF differ not only in their effect on macrophage production but also in their influence on the expression of the surface enzyme aminopeptidase on these cells. PMID- 6983453 TI - Production of murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSF) by bone marrow derived and non-hemopoietic cells in vivo. PMID- 6983455 TI - Ultrastructural abnormalities in young patients with recurrent respiratory infections. PMID- 6983454 TI - Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with antithymocyte globulin. AB - Eleven patients with acute-onset (less than 2 months), severe aplastic anemia were treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) at a total dose between 50 and 420 mg/kg. Median age was 27 (5-74) years. Two additional patients with chronic severe aplastic anemia received ATG but were excluded from analysis after development of bone marrow morphologic and cytogenetic abnormalities suggestive of acute leukemia. Of the 11 analyzed patients, 5 died within 6 months after initial ATG treatment. Six patients, or 54 percent, survived with a minimum follow-up of 24 months and the longest 48 months. Median survival is 42 months. All patients are transfusion-independent although none are completely normal, due to mild thrombocytopenia. The in vitro effect of ATG on pretreatment marrow CFUE was determined in 8 patients and concordance with clinical outcome was observed for only 3 patients. Three patients had no in vitro response and survived, and 2 patients had a positive in vitro response and died. Survival after ATG correlated with maximum percent decrease in absolute lymphocyte count during treatment. No significant correlation was determined for any other parameter. The mechanism of ATG action remains unknown but the clinical response suggests that immune dysfunction may play an important role in the development or prolongation of aplastic anemia, and that this abnormality may be reversible by ATG in some patients. PMID- 6983456 TI - Ultrastructure of bronchial epithelium in children with chronic or recurrent respiratory diseases. AB - The ultrastructure of the bronchial epithelium in three children with recurrent bronchopneumonia, four patients with cystic fibrosis and two with Kartagener's syndrome was studied. The children with recurrent bronchopneumonia and those with Kartagener's syndrome had mostly changes in the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, and two of them had ultrastructural signs of developing squamous metaplasia. Developed stratified squamous epithelium was found in three of four patients with cystic fibrosis and in one patient with recurrent bronchopneumonia. The squamous epithelium showed striking pathological changes, but, only the oldest patient with cystic fibrosis showed signs of onset of keratinization. Both patients with Kartagener's syndrome had the defect of dynein arms typical of the immotile-cilia syndrome. In the youngest patient the partial absence of dynein arms was combined with a defect in the radial structures of the axonemes. PMID- 6983457 TI - Uridine as the only alternative to pyrimidine de novo synthesis in rat T lymphocytes. AB - Concanavalin A-induced proliferation of rat T-lymphocytes is completely inhibited by 10(-5) M pyrazofurin, a potent inhibitor of pyrimidine de novo synthesis, as judged by cell viability and [3H]thymidine incorporation. Proliferation is completely restored by 5 X 10(-5) M uridine. Cytidine, deoxycytidine, deoxyuridine and thymidine 10 X 10(-5) M each, fail to re-establish proliferation but produce an isotropic dilution of [3H]thymidine uptake in DNA. Bases (cytosine, uracil and thymine) neither restore proliferation nor induce isotopic dilution. The unexpected inability of cytidine to reverse de novo pyrimidine synthesis inhibition suggests a lack of cytidine deaminase activity in rat T lymphocytes. This is confirmed by a direct sensitive radioisotopic assay (less than 0.001 nmol X min-1 X 10(-6) cells). PMID- 6983459 TI - [Biological activity of various fractions of thymus extract]. PMID- 6983458 TI - In vitro synthesis of M and Z forms of human alpha 1-antitrypsin. AB - mRNA was prepared from autopsy liver samples from a homozygote for alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) and from a normal (PiMM) subject. Both preparations gave equivalent synthesis of alpha 1-antitrypsin in a wheat germ cell-free system. This suggests that the deficiency of plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin associated with the Z variant is due to a failure of processing and secretion of the protein rather than of its synthesis. It is likely that it is the resultant intracellular accumulation of the Z protein rather than a deficiency of protease inhibitor that is the primary cause of the liver pathology associated with this variant. PMID- 6983460 TI - [Effect of histamine on reagin production and the formation of masto-lymphocytic rosettes]. PMID- 6983462 TI - [Estimation of the presumable number of candidates for aortocoronary bypass in Italy]. PMID- 6983463 TI - [Indications for aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6983461 TI - Recognition of self and non-self tissue antigens in peripheral blood leucocytes from normal rats detected by the tube LAI assay. AB - Adherence to glass of peripheral blood leucocytes from normal, non-immunized rats was measured in the tube LAI assay in the presence of extracts isolated from tissues of syngeneic or allogeneic donors. Adherence inhibition was significantly higher when peripheral blood leucocytes were incubated with syngeneic than with allogeneic tissue extracts. The results indicate that peripheral blood leucocytes from normal, non-immunized animals are capable of recognizing self and non-self tissue antigens and that this recognition can be detected by the tube LAI assay. PMID- 6983464 TI - [List of the Italian cardiosurgical organizations and their activity in the years 1980 and 1981]. PMID- 6983465 TI - [The fate of patients treated with a bypass. Long-term results]. PMID- 6983466 TI - [Diagnostic criteria for peri-operative necrosis in aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6983467 TI - [Criteria for evaluation of the results of aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6983469 TI - [Reoperation for aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6983468 TI - [Problems of the operated patient and suggestions for their treatment]. PMID- 6983471 TI - Central serotonergic participation on blood pressure regulation. AB - 1. The changes on blood pressure induced by pharmacological handling of serotonergic systems were studied in normotensive anesthetized rats. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) (5, 10 and 30 mg/kg i.v.) produced a dose-dependent decrease in mean blood pressure without significative effect on heart rate. 2. Inhibition of either peripheral L-aminoacid DOPA decarboxylase or monoamine oxydase enzymes increased this hypotensive effect. 3. Methysergide, a serotonergic antagonist, prevented the hypotension induced by 5 OH-TP in animals whose peripheral decarboxylase was inhibited. 4. Fenfluramine, a serotonergic releasing drug, produced a decrease in both blood pressure and heart rate. These effects were prevented by inhibiting fenfluramine uptake or by serotonin (5-HT) receptor blockade. 5. The hypotensive action induced by 5-HTP was not affected when opioid, dopaminergic or histaminergic receptors were blocked. 6. In animals injected intracisternally with a serotonergic neurotoxine a selective destruction of serotonergic terminals of spinal cord was obtained. 7. In these animals the dose-response curve relating hypotensive effect induced by a direct serotonergic agonist showed a significative shift to the left when compared with control group, suggesting the existence of supersensitivity. 8. Our results show that increases in central serotonergic activity produce a hypotensive effect in normotensive anesthetized rats. The receptor involved in this action could be localized in spinal cord. PMID- 6983470 TI - Anti-albumin antibodies in sera of patients with liver disease. AB - We used passive haemagglutination assay to examine sera from 77 patients with various liver diseases for the presence of antibodies to human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) ans ovalbumin (OA). The antibody titre to BSA was higher than that to OA or HSA. Of the examined diseases, in chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, the titre and incidence of anti-BSA antibody were highest. There was a positive correlation between anti-BSA antibody and serum gamma-globulin level. Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and immunoelectrophoresis revealed that the anti-BSA antibody belonged to the IgM class. PMID- 6983474 TI - Morphological evaluation of human fetal kidneys from spontaneous abortions. PMID- 6983472 TI - Classification of complete and incomplete autosomal recessive achromatopsia. AB - We studied color vision in 32 patients with autosomal recessive achromatopsia. Color matching revealed complete achromatopsia (rod monochromasy) in ten patients (Group I) and incomplete achromatopsia in the remaining twenty-two patients. Amongst the incomplete achromats, were three groups distinguishable by their color matching. Patients in Group II were dichromats; their color matches were mediated by rods and MWS (middle-wavelength sensitive) cones. Patients in Groups III and IV were trichromats. Color matches of patients in Group III were mediated by rods, LWS (long-wavelength sensitive) cones and MWS cones. Group III patients showed no evidence of SWS (short-wavelength sensitive) cones. Color matches of patients in Group IV were mediated by rods, LWS cones and SWS cones; color matching did not reveal MWS cones. PMID- 6983473 TI - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity to autologous hepatocytes in HBsAg positive chronic liver disease. AB - Lymphocytes from 39 patients with HBsAg positive chronic liver disease were incubated with their own hepatocytes to investigate mechanisms of lymphocyte mediated liver damage. Cytotoxicity was significantly increased in 46% overall, and in 73% of those with chronic active hepatitis. Unlike HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis where only non-T cells were cytotoxic, HBsAg positive patients had both cytotoxic T and non-T cells. A purified liver membrane complex (LSP) and aggregated IgG both blocked non-T cytotoxicity without affecting T cell cytotoxicity; this suggests that the former is probably an antibody-dependent cell-mediated reaction against normal membrane components. This was confirmed in preliminary studies which demonstrated that preincubation of hepatocytes with the F(ab)2' fragment of an anti-human IgG reduced non-T lymphocyte cytotoxicity. T cell cytotoxicity was restricted to HBeAg-positive patients, suggesting a relationship between T-cell cytotoxicity and viral replication. Purified HBsAg, however, blocked cytotoxicity in only three of 11 cases. Non-T lymphocytes reacting with normal membrane components may contribute to liver damage in both 'autoimmune' and virus-associated chronic liver disease, whereas cytotoxic T cells, probably reacting with viral determinants, are exclusive to those with viral replication. PMID- 6983478 TI - Arterial vascularization of the double kidney. PMID- 6983477 TI - Variation of colic veins in man. PMID- 6983475 TI - Assessment of the peripheral nerve vascularization in rabbit in microangiographic studies. PMID- 6983476 TI - Variations of the course and the division of the dorsalis pedis artery in man. PMID- 6983479 TI - The occurrence and the course of "the marginal artery" as the anastomosis of arteries vascularizing the cecum and the colon in man. PMID- 6983480 TI - Functional anatomy and bioengineering of the third finger of the human hand. PMID- 6983481 TI - Congenital lack of ramus of the mandible in calf. PMID- 6983483 TI - [Special features of the therapy of hematologic diseases in old age. 1. Aging of the immune system and its effect on hemopoiesis. 2. Anemia]. PMID- 6983482 TI - [Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of a non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug, etofenamate, in experimental animals]. AB - Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activities of orally administered etofenamate, the diethylene glycol ester of flufenamic acid, were investigated in experimental animals. Against acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice and ultra-violet light-induced erythema in guinea pigs, etofenamate produced a dose related inhibition at doses of 40--320 mg/kg and 5--20 mg/kg, respectively. In rats, felt-pellet-induced granuloma formation and adjuvant-induced arthritis were significantly inhibited by repeated administration of etofenamate at doses of 20 mg/kg/day for 5 days and 40 mg/kg/day for 21 days, respectively. Etofenamate showed an inhibitory activity on the squeak response caused by flexing and extending the silver nitrate-induced arthritic joint in rats; and it produced a dose related anti-writhing activity at doses of 50--300 mg/kg and 10- 80 mg/kg in mice and rats, respectively, in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Etofenamate showed a significant anti-pyretic activity at doses of 0.2 mg/kg or more. These potencies of etofenamate were 0.5 to 1.6 times those of flufenamic acid. In particular, the anti-erythema, anti-arthritis, and anti pyretic activities of etofenamate were approximately equivalent to or superior to those of flufenamic acid. From these results, it was suggested that etofenamate given orally, like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, showed anti inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activities in experimental animals. PMID- 6983484 TI - [Contribution to the evaluation of the importance of immune complexes in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6983485 TI - Increased frequency of DR3 antigen in alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. AB - HLA-A, B and DR antigens were determined in 33 patients suffering from confirmed alcoholic hepatitis, with or without cirrhosis. Past alcohol consumption and plasma immunoglobulins were also determined in 21 cases. An increased frequency of the DR-3 antigen was found in patients as compared with the control group (a sample of the Geneva population (31% v. 11%, p less than 0.05)). Although past alcohol consumption tended to be less in DR-3 positive patients in comparison with the other patients, the difference was not significant. No other differentiating clinical, immunological or histological features were observed among DR-3 positive patients. Our findings that there appears to be an increased frequency of DR-3 antigens in patients with alcoholic hepatitis, together with the previous work showing an increased frequency of HLA-B8 in the same condition, is particularly interesting in the light of the known association of both these antigens with autoimmune disease. These results would suggest that liver damage in chronic alcoholism is genetically predisposed, and that autoimmune mechanisms could be involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6983486 TI - Angiographic changes after selective and superselective embolization of branches of superior mesenteric artery in the small bowel of the dog. PMID- 6983488 TI - Interaction of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor with chymotrypsinogen A and crystallization of a proteolytically modified alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. AB - Human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) can form very stable complexes with chymotrypsinogen A or chymotrypsin if limited proteolysis by a contaminant proteinase is prevented with diisopropyl fluorophosphate. The contaminant proteinase cleaves the alpha 1-PI component in the alpha 1-PI-chymotrypsinogen A complex close to its N-terminus, between threonine-11 and aspartate-12 and the chymotrypsinogen A part between tyrosine-146 and threonine-147. By this modification the complex becomes unstable and dissociates into modified alpha 1 PI and neo-chymotrypsinogen A. A tritium labelling experiment shows that the contaminant proteinase is present in a 0.5-1.0% (w/w) ratio in the inhibitor preparation. These experiments indicate that alpha 1-PI is not a temporary inhibitor for these enzymes, as assumed by other authors. Isolated modified alpha 1-PI can be crystallized as tetragonal bipyramides from 2.6M sodium potassium phosphate pH 8.0. The crystals are suitable for three dimensional X-ray structure analysis. In spite of the cleavage of the susceptible peptide bond by chymotrypsinogen A, the C-terminal 3.6 kDa cleavage peptide remains tightly bound to the inhibitor by means of non-covalent interactions. In accordance with the result of the known complete amino-acid sequence of the inhibitor this finding offers an alternative explanation to the suggestion of alpha 1-PI being a double headed inhibitor. Isolated neo-chymotrypsinogen A can be activated to active chymotrypsin and can form a very labile 1 : 1 complex with alpha 1-PI, which dissociates rapidly into inactive inhibitor and neo-chymotrypsinogen. PMID- 6983487 TI - [Analysis of the specific feedback suppression mechanism in the primary anti-SRBC antibody responses]. AB - The mechanism of the specific feed back suppression of the primary antibody responses induced by the preinjection of anti-SRBC antibodies was analysed. Preinjection of the rabbit anti-SRBC antibody suppressed the production of 7s antibodies in the primary anti-SRBC antibody responses in the WKA strain of rats. The 7s fraction but not Fab fragments of the rabbit antibody was effective in the induction of suppression. Therefore, the suppressive activity on the primary anti SRBC antibody response is dependent on the Fc portion of the preinjected antibodies (7s). The suppressive effect induced by the preinjection of rabbit anti-SRBC antibodies was transferable passively to normal syngeneic rats with 19s antibodies of the serum, but not with spleen cells, of donor rats which had been preinjected with rabbit anti-SRBC antibodies. Moreover, production of anti idiotypic antibodies (19s) was recognized in rats which had been preinjected with rabbit anti-SRBC antibodies. Consequently, it is strongly suggested in this experimental system that anti-idiotypic antibodies (19s) mediate the suppression of the 7s antibody production in the primary anti-SRBC antibody responses. PMID- 6983489 TI - Clinically asymptomatic pituitary adenoma manifesting as pituitary apoplexy and fatal third-ventricular hemorrhage. AB - A 56-year-old woman with an asymptomatic pituitary adenoma had a fatal third ventricular hemorrhage of sudden onset. A suprasellar mass with hemorrhage and rupture into the third ventricle was found at autopsy. Histologically, the tumor cells from the suprasellar mass and the third-ventricular hemorrhage were diagnostic of a pituitary adenoma. The pathogenesis of the third-ventricular hemorrhage from a pituitary adenoma and the need to consider pituitary apoplexy in the differential diagnosis of third-ventricular hemorrhage are discussed. On the basis of a review of the literature, it is felt that computerized tomographic scanning, although most helpful in diagnosis of sellar lesions, does not replace skull radiographs and sellar tomography in the investigation of suspected pituitary apoplexy. PMID- 6983490 TI - Effects of anti-membrane antibodies on killer T cells. PMID- 6983491 TI - Human B-lymphocyte maturation sequence revealed by TPA-induced differentiation of leukaemic cells. AB - Normal human B cells and leukaemic B-cell populations in common-type CLL undergo sequential shifts in proportions of the three B-cell subsets, defined by expression of mouse erythrocyte receptors R1 and R2, during TPA-induced differentiation to plasmacytoid cells in vitro, suggesting that the B-cell differentiation pathway is R1 +R2+ leads to R1 -R2+ leads to R1 -R2- leads to immature plasmacyte. Maturation of the less common type of CLL with a predominance of R1 -R2+ type cell was in agreement with this model. Changes in Fc gamma, Fc mu and C' receptors were also observed during maturation. A model of human B-cell maturation is presented on which common sites of blockage in leukaemia can be located. PMID- 6983492 TI - Helix pomatia receptors on rat T lymphocytes and bone marrow cells. AB - Helix pomatia (HP) receptors are present on approximately 60 percent of neuraminidase (NANAase)-treated rat T lymphocytes. The HP+ spleen cells (SpC) can be separated from HP-, immunoglobulin-bearing (Ig+) cells by affinity chromatography. The HP+ SpC mediate the local graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). Less than 1% of rat lymphocytes bear both HP and Ig markers. Approximately 25% of Lewis rat bone marrow cells are HP+ (only 1% are HP+ Ig+), suggesting that the HP receptor may be a differentiation marker. PMID- 6983493 TI - A comparison of regulatory cells from rabbit spleen and appendix. AB - Both spleen and appendix of the rabbit contain two types of accessory cells that regulate the response of T-cells to concanavalin A. These accessory cells are found among non-T, non-B adherent cells and among B-cells. There is, so far, no evidence for a sequential interaction of these two cell types. In addition, there is an inhibitory adherent cell type in the appendix that interferes with the B cell-regulated proliferative T-cell response. PMID- 6983494 TI - Minor histocompatibility antigen expression on F9 embryonal carcinoma cells revealed by T-cell mediated responses. PMID- 6983496 TI - Role of colonoscopy in unexplained lower gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6983495 TI - Transplantable B-cell lymphomas in B10. H-2aH-4bp/Wts mice. PMID- 6983497 TI - Bacteriological study of chancroid. PMID- 6983498 TI - Inheritance pattern of Von Willebrand's disease: a study of 26 cases. PMID- 6983499 TI - Lethal Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in mice. AB - Previous animal models of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (HITB) infection are characterized by a low mortality rate. We produced a highly lethal infection in CF1 mice using mouse passage, mucin, and hemoglobin to enhance infectivity. Infection by the intraperitoneal route was followed by progressive peritonitis and bacteremia with subsequent HITB infection of the brain and meninges, and death. Death occurred between eight and 72 hours after infection and was associated with 10(6) to 10(9) HITB per ml of blood and with 10(2) to 10(5) HITB per g of brain. Mucin-hemoglobin did not augment HITB growth, but impaired macrophage adherence to glass in vitro, without decreasing cellular viability. In vivo, mucin-hemoglobin decreased the rate of disappearance of 51Cr-labelled HITB from the blood by impairment of hepatic clearance. This technically simple and inexpensive model is useful for the study of HITB infections in which bacterial multiplication, invasion and host lethality are desired features. PMID- 6983501 TI - Plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus: facts and perspectives. PMID- 6983503 TI - Patterns of reasons for drug use among detained and adjudicated juveniles. AB - Self-reported reasons for drug use were examined among a sample of detained and adjudicated juveniles at a state residential facility. By means of a series of factor analyses, three common motives or reasons for using a variety of drugs were identified: (1) an expanded awareness-insight motive, (2) a drug effect motive, and (3) an increased activity motive. No relationship was found between type of offense and drug use. The overall findings suggest that drug use may be a means of coping with stress as well as a means of altering consciousness. PMID- 6983500 TI - Comparative trial of trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole in recurrent urinary infections. AB - Eighty-nine patients with a history of recurrent urinary infection who required immediate treatment for significant bacteriuria were treated with either trimethoprim (300 mg at night) or with the standard course of co-trimoxazole (two tablets 12-hourly) for seven days. Cure rates one week after the end of treatment were 74.4% and 80.4%, respectively. During the following month the relapse rate was lower in the group given trimethoprim than among those who had received co trimoxazole. Consequently, the cure rates six weeks after the start of treatment were 71.4% in the trimethoprim group and 58.5% in the co-trimoxazole group. These results suggest that in this type of patient, it may be possible to reduce the incidence of bacteriological relapse by giving antibiotics in larger doses and at less frequent intervals than are at present generally recommended. PMID- 6983504 TI - Leprosy. XII. T-cell subsets in lepromatous leprosy. AB - The authors quantitated T-rosette-forming cell (TRFC) and T-cell subsets (T mu, T gamma) in the peripheral blood of twenty patients with lepromatous leprosy. The results obtained in their studies are as follows: (1) They reconfirmed the low levels of TRFC in patients with lepromatous type of leprosy; (2) T-cell subsets, both T mu (helper) and T gamma (suppressor) cells, showed lower levels in all patients with lepromatous leprosy than mean values of normal healthy controls; (3) The degree of decreased levels of T mu cells (96%) was more severe than other parameters TRFC (70%) and T gamma cells (47%) in all patients with lepromatous leprosy; and (4) It may be concluded that the alteration of the T-cell subset, T mu-cells, reflects a more fundamental abnormality than TRFC aberration in demonstrating the impairment of cell-mediated immunity in patients with lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 6983502 TI - Empiric treatment of infections in granulocytopenic patients with acute leukemia: a study on amikacin-carbenicillin-cotrimoxazole. AB - The amikacin-carbenicillin-cotrimoxazole combination was used as an empiric treatment for febrile episodes in patients with acute leukemia and severe granulocytopenia. The choice of drugs was based on the finding in our institute that the majority of infections are caused by gram-negative rods, particularly Pseudomonas, with high percentage of strains resistant to gentamycin and tobramycin. Granulocyte transfusions were given to the patients who did not show satisfactory clinical improvement 48 h after start of antibiotic therapy. There were cures in 84.6% of the febrile episodes treated with this antibiotic combination, including five of eight episodes of microbiologically confirmed bacteremia. Survival after 21 days of antibiotic therapy amounted to 89.1%. Renal toxicity occurred in 10.9% of the episodes treated. The prompt use of this antibiotic combination seems to be a safe and efficacious therapeutic tool for treating these high-risk patients. PMID- 6983505 TI - Vitamin D deficiency in obese patients and changes in circulating vitamin D metabolites following jejunoileal bypass. AB - The serum levels of the three major vitamin D metabolites [25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 (OH)2 D)] and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured in 14 morbid obese patients, who later on were subjected to jejunoileal bypass surgery. The preoperative median values of 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D were reduced compared with controls (P less than 0.001), whereas elevated concentrations were found of 1,25-(OH)2D (P less than 0.005). Median levels of iPTH in the obese group were significantly higher than those found in normal subjects (P less than 0.001). A decrease was observed in serum concentrations of all three vitamin D metabolites following jejunoileal bypass (P less than 0.005). An increase in the serum levels of iPTH and alkaline phosphatase was seen postoperatively (P less than 0.002), probably indicating a secondary hyperparathyroidism. The results show that the vitamin D metabolism is slightly abnormal in severely obese patients. Jejunoileal bypass is followed by severe disturbances of vitamin D metabolism. PMID- 6983507 TI - The effects of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine on the repair of DNA strand breaks in X-irradiated Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - The effects of the DNA synthesis inhibitor 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (beta ara A), a nucleoside analogue of desoxyadenine, on repair of DNA single and double strand breaks (ssb and dsb) were investigated in X-irradiated Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. Repair of ssb was followed using the unwinding method, and repair of dsb was measured with both the unwinding and the neutral sucrose centrifugation methods. Repair of ssb was inhibited in the presence of beta-ara A; however, even at high concentrations some repair took place. It is suggested that this proportion of the breaks (about 30 per cent) are joined by polynucleotide ligase, and do not require insertion of nucleotides. Dsb repair was strongly inhibited by beta-ara A, the inhibition being complete at high concentrations. It seems likely therefore that dsb repair has an absolute requirement for DNA polymerization. When cells were treated with beta-ara A (200 mumols/1, 2 hours) after irradiation dsb repair was inhibited; however, when the drug was washed away, repair of dsb returned. At 6 hours more breaks were found to have persisted in beta-ara A treated cells than in the untreated controls. Cells treated after X-irradiation with beta-ara A for 7 hours at 120 mumols/1 in conditioned medium and afterwards in fresh medium free of beta-ara A for 24 hours showed a higher number of residual dsb than control cells. It is suggested that these residual dsb may be relevant to the increased killing effect caused by adding beta-ara A to X-irradiated cultures. PMID- 6983506 TI - Effects of heavy ions on rabbit tissues: damage to the forebrain. AB - As part of a study of progressive radiation effects in normal tissues, the forebrains of New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (about 6 weeks old) were irradiated locally with single acute doses of 60Co gamma-photons (LET infinity = 0.3 keV/micron), Ne ions (LET infinity = 35 +/- 3 keV/microns) or Ar ions (LET infinity = 90 +/- 5 keV/microns). Other rabbits received fractionated doses of 60Co gamma-photons according to a standard radiotherapeutic protocol. Irradiated rabbits and appropriately aged controls were sacrificed at selected intervals, and whole sagittal sections of their brains were examined for pathological changes. Forebrain damage was scored with subjective indices based on histological differences between the anterior (irradiated) and posterior (unirradiated) regions of the brain. Those indices ranged from zero (no apparent damage) to five (severe infarctions, etc.). At intermediate levels of forebrain damage, the relative biological effectiveness (r.b.e.) of each heavy ion was similar to that found for alopecia and cataractogenesis, and the early expression of the damage was also accelerated as the LET infinity increased. Late deterioration of the forebrain appeared also to be accelerated by increasing LET infinity, although its accurate quantification was not possible because other priorities in the overall experimental design limited systematic sacrifice of the animals. PMID- 6983508 TI - Spectrophotometric observations on the changes in the Y-peak of actinomycin D complexed to DNA on gamma-irradiation. AB - An understanding of the pi-pi * transitions of the Y-peak of the DNA bound to actinomycin D, in the presence and absence of gamma-irradiation has been attempted. It was seen that in the bound DNA the presence of the Y-peak, without irradiation was mainly due to the pi-pi * transitions associated with the DNA bases. The Y-peak was found to be more sensitive to the binding of the drug than the X-peak. After gamma-irradiation the Y-peak characteristics of the complexed DNA were different from those of the X-peak. From these studies it has been concluded that the electronic transitions (pi-pi *) of the DNA, in the far U.V., can be divided into three distinct groups: (a) Electronic transitions which are only seen at the Y-peak, (b) Transitions common both to the X and Y-peaks, and (c) Transitions which are only seen at the X-peak. This explains the difference in the behaviour of the Y- and X-peaks of the DNA due to the binding of Act.D and gamma-irradiation. PMID- 6983509 TI - A new electrochemical approach for the in vitro investigation of damage in native DNA by small gamma-radiation doses. AB - Voltammetry provides a new method to assess gamma-radiation damage to native DNA in vitro after low doses of irradiation. Using single sweep voltammetry at a stationary mercury electrode a substantial labilization of the double helical conformation of gamma-irradiated DNA was found. Up to 40 Gy a linear dose-effect relationship exists reflected for the number of strand breaks and the number of destabilized base pairs. A considerable difference in the frequency of formation of the two kinds of radiation damage is seen in the ratio of their G-values. Base pair labilization occurs depending on aeration conditions 200 to 300 times more frequently than the formation of a single strand break. PMID- 6983510 TI - Unscheduled DNA synthesis and elimination of DNA damage in liver cells of gamma irradiated senescent mice. AB - The level of 'spontaneous' and gamma-radiation-induced DNA synthesis which is not inhibited with hydroxyurea (unscheduled synthesis) is considerably lower in hepatocytes of 18-22-month-old mice than that of 1.5-2-month-old mice. The dose dependent increase (10-300 Gy) of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in hepatocytes of senescent mice is higher than in young animals. The elimination of damage in DNA of gamma-irradiated hepatocytes (100 Gy) was examined by using an enzyme system (M. luteus extract and DNA-polymerase I of E. coli). It was found that the rate of elimination of the DNA damage in hepatocytes of 20-month-old mice is lower than that of 2-month-old mice although the activities of DNA-polymerase beta and apurinic endonuclease remain equal in the liver of both senescent and young mice. However, the nucleoids from gamma-irradiated liver nuclei of 2-month old mice are relaxed to a greater extent (as judged by the criterion of ethidium binding capacity) than those of 20-month-old mice. The results suggest that there are limitations in the functioning of repair enzymes and in their access to damaged DNA sites in the chromatin of senescent mouse liver cells. PMID- 6983512 TI - Coronary bypass surgery for acute coronary insufficiency resistant to medical treatment. PMID- 6983511 TI - Clinical statistics of myasthenia gravis in Japan. PMID- 6983513 TI - T-lymphosarcoma cell leukaemia--a case report. PMID- 6983514 TI - Spreading cerebral oligemia in classical- and normal cerebral blood flow in common migraine. PMID- 6983515 TI - HLA-D clusters associated with DR4 in the Japanese population. AB - A study of HLA-D clusters associated with DR4 was performed in the Japanese population. These clusters consist of DYT, DKT2, DB3, and Dw4. Forty-two Japanese typed as DR4 were investigated, and it was found that 17 (40.5%) were DYT, 7 (16.7%) DKT2, 7 (16.7%) DB3, and 4 (9.5%) Dw4. PMID- 6983516 TI - Peptide map comparisons of similar serologically defined HLA-DR antigens isolated from different lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - In these studies, we have examined the possibility that DR subtypes, closely related to each other in structure, compose the major DR allotypic groups. The structures of DR molecules, isolated from pairs of cell lines that had the same serologically defined HLA-DR type, were compared by peptide mapping. HLA-DR molecules isolated from pairs of cell lines in which both members were either DR1, DR2, or DR7 were identical. However, DR molecules isolated from cell lines LG-29 (DR5) and LG-38 (DR5) displayed two distinct differences in their small (beta) subunits. This number of differences, two of 15 peptides or 15%, is much fewer than is observed between DR allotypes (approximately 50%) and suggests that at least two subtypes exist within the DR5 allotype family. PMID- 6983517 TI - Automated reading of HLA-A,B,C typing and screening. The propidium iodide (PI) method. AB - A routine method has been developed and tested in the laboratory for the automatic reading of HLA typing and screening for antibodies with the microlymphocytotoxicity test. The assay is more sensitive than the NIH technique, is rapid, produces objective results, and can be easily linked up with existing manual procedures. Multipurpose reading machines are now commercially available. PMID- 6983519 TI - Selective reactivity of sera from alloimmunized sheep and cattle against human T and leukemia cells. AB - Human B and T lymphocytes from a panel of healthy individuals were tested against serial dilutions of 68 mare, 81 cow, 7 sow, and 87 ewe sera. All the animals had been alloimmunized by pregnancies and/or blood transfusions. Weak correlations with HLA-A, B, C, and DR specificities were found in 20 sera. Twelve other sera, 9 from ewes and 3 from cows, had a strong reactivity against T lymphocytes but weak or no reactivity against B cells, spleen null cells, granulocytes, and platelets, suggesting a non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) cross reactivity. They were cytotoxic for most of the cells of malignant proliferative origin tested thus far, including T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T ALL), common ALL (cALL), acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), and Sezary cells, but were negative with B lymphoblastoid cell lines and cells from patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The hypothesis that humans and certain other mammals share a common determinant on T-lineage cells and some malignant cells is advanced. PMID- 6983518 TI - Elimination of mycoplasma from human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - Intraperitoneal passage of human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines in nude mice was examined as a means of mycoplasma eradication. Recovery of viable cells from the mice was facilitated by immediate plating on feeder layers of human foreskin fibroblasts. In all cases, nude mouse passage for as little as 5 days was totally effective in removing all contaminating mycoplasma. PMID- 6983520 TI - Angiographic demonstration of bleeding duodenal arteriovenous malformation. PMID- 6983521 TI - Treatment of canine and feline hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 6983522 TI - A new olivanic acid derivative produced by Streptomyces olivaceus: isolation and structural studies. PMID- 6983523 TI - The activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. PMID- 6983524 TI - A comparison of co-trimazine once daily and co-trimoxazole twice daily in treatment of urinary tract infections in children. PMID- 6983525 TI - Transforming growth factor and epidermal growth factor stimulate the phosphorylation of a synthetic, tyrosine-containing peptide in a similar manner. AB - A partially purified preparation of a transforming growth factor (TGF) obtained from serum-free growth medium conditioned by a human melanoma tumor line was found to stimulate the phosphorylation of a synthetic tyrosine-containing peptide. The sequence of the peptide is related to that of the known site of tyrosine phosphorylation in the Rous sarcoma virus-encoded transforming protein, pp60src. In A431 membranes, the characteristics of TGF- and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated peptide phosphorylation are nearly identical. The effects of the two growth factors are not additive, suggesting that TGF and EGF stimulate peptide phosphorylation through the same EGF receptor system. This conclusion is supported by the finding that both TGF and EGF stimulate peptide phosphorylation in wild type Swiss 3T3 cell membranes, but neither factor is effective in stimulating peptide phosphorylation in membranes prepared from EGF receptor deficient NR6 3T3 cells. PMID- 6983526 TI - Purification and characterization of membrane-bound ferrochelatase from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - Ferrochelatase (protohaem ferro-lyase EC 4.99.1.1) has been purified to apparent homogeneity from the facultative photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The enzyme has been purified 1,640-fold with 43% recovery from isolated membrane fragments. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 115,000 as estimated by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography through Sephadex G-150 in the presence of 0.5% sodium deoxycholate. The purification procedure involves solubilization of ferrochelatase with sodium deoxycholate off of salt-washed membranes, followed by ammonium sulfate fraction, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, followed by chromatography on Amicon dye matrix blue B, and finally Sephadex G-150. The enzyme has an extinction coefficient of 90,000 at 278 nm, and the absorption spectrum reveals no chromophoric cofactors. Purified ferrochelatase is inhibited by iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide, Hg, Pb, Cu, and hemin. The apparent Km values are for mesoporphyrin IX, 20 microM; deuteroporphyrin IX, 95 microM; and iron, 20 microM. PMID- 6983527 TI - Rapid separation of biologically active Syrian hamster lymphotoxin in high yield by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid, simple and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure is described for the partial purification of biologically active Syrian hamster lymphotoxin. Lymphotoxin, a series of lymphocyte derived immunological glycoprotein hormones with molecular weights of 20,000 to 56,000, has been partially purified by a single-step HPLC procedure or by a two-step isoelectric focusing-HPLC procedure. The HPLC separation method uses silica-based protein separation columns eluted with a 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.1% polyethylene glycol 4000 buffer at a flow-rate of 0.5 ml/min at room temperature. Nearly complete recoveries of biologically active lymphotoxin can be obtained with as much as a 13-fold purification in less than 1 h. PMID- 6983528 TI - Lymphocytotoxic and monocytotoxic antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. AB - Serum cold cytotoxic antibodies (CA), detected at 15 degrees C using a microcytotoxicity technique, were present in 12 of 21 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, weak or absent in 6 neurological patients without MS and present but weak in 5 out of 32 healthy controls. In MS, these cold CA were directed against 3 distinct cellular populations: total lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and monocytes; certain antibody tests were positive at 37 degrees C; no correlation between CA and clinical disease was observed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibody levels were high in both MS and non-MS patients and at 37 degrees C produced lysis of monocytes in the absence of complement. These antibodies may be normal CSF constituents. Our results suggest that there may be 3 different antibodies and that they may play a role in immunomodulation, especially in MS. PMID- 6983529 TI - Monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies are applicable to the study of inflammatory infiltrates in the central nervous system. AB - Monoclonal anti-human T cell antibodies were tested by a modified PAP technique on frozen sections of human central nervous system (CNS) tissue from inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. It was found that whole T cells and T cell subsets--T4+ (helper-inducer) and T8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cells--could be differentiated specifically from other mononuclear cells and that these markers did not cross-react with human CNS tissue elements, particularly oligodendrocytes, under the same conditions. The lack of cross-reactivity between monoclonal antibodies to T cells and oligodendrocytes was further confirmed by double-labelling with an anti-galactocerebroside serum. It is concluded that in inflammatory conditions like multiple sclerosis, monoclonal antibodies promise considerable elucidation of immunopathogenetic events. PMID- 6983530 TI - Spontaneous in vitro differentiation of antigen-specific lymphocytes from a patient with immunoglobulin M gammopathy. AB - Recently we have identified two monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) proteins that bind Klebsiella polysaccharides. The lymphocytes of one of these patients (M.A.Y.) were available for study. A substantial proportion of the B lymphocytes isolated from this patient's peripheral blood also bound Klebsiella polysaccharides with a pattern of specificity identical to that of the monoclonal IgM, and reacted with an anti-idiotypic antiserum directed against this IgM. Stripping the surface immunoglobulin from these lymphocytes eliminated this reactivity. Although no plasma cells were detected in the freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes of this patient, plasma cells binding Klebsiella polysaccharide appeared after 7 d of in vitro culture. This occurred regardless of whether the cultures were supplemented with autologous plasma, normal human plasma, or fetal calf serum. Pokeweed mitogen neither stimulated nor inhibited the in vitro differentiation of the monoclonal B lymphocytes into plasma cells. This differentiation was, however, abrogated by F(ab')2 fragments of anti-human IgM and by anti-idiotypic antibodies, as well as by the Klebsiella polysaccharide with which the monoclonal IgM reacted. PMID- 6983531 TI - Inhibitory effects of peripheral blood cells on in vitro colony formation by autologous bone marrow in aplastic anaemia: relation with response to immunosuppressive therapy. AB - The inhibitory activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes on autologous bone marrow was studied in 27 patients with aplastic anaemia after treatment with androgen. Inhibitory activity was hard to assess in 10 patients studied during the first year of treatment. The colony count was too low to be certain of differences between the samples incubated with or without lymphocytes. Among the 17 patients who had more than 10 colonies per 2 x 10(5) mononuclear bone marrow cells, nine showed inhibitory activity by peripheral blood lymphocytes. After 12 months of androgen therapy each of these patients showing inhibitory activity of bone marrow colony forming cells by peripheral lymphocytes responded to antithymocyte globulin. None of nine patients with few colony forming cells or no inhibitory activity of lymphocytes responded to immunosuppression. PMID- 6983532 TI - Somatotopic organization of vibrissae afferents in the trigeminal sensory nuclei of the rat studied by transganglionic transport of HRP. AB - Transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used to study the cell bodies and central projections of neurons innervating the vibrissae in the rat. These can be grouped into five horizontal rows and one posterior vertical row. Twenty-four to 48 hours after the nerves innervating different vibrissae were exposed to HRP, the trigeminal ganglia, brainstem, and upper cervical spinal cord were fixed by perfusion and serial sections were processed according to the tetramethylbenzidine technique. The results revealed a tendency for somatotopic organization in the trigeminal ganglion of cell bodies innervating the different vibrissae. Corresponding termination areas in the trigeminal sensory nuclei showed a detailed pattern of organization replicating the peripheral organization of the vibrissae. In all trigeminal sensory nuclei the horizontal rows are represented in an inverted fashion from dorsal to ventral, i.e., the most dorsal row is represented most ventrally. In addition, the more anterior a vibrissa is located, the deeper is it represented in the rostral nonlaminated nuclei. The situation is reversed in the laminated nucleus caudalis. The posterior vertical row is represented most superficially in the rostral nonlaminated nuclei, but most deeply in the laminated nucleus caudalis. In nucleus caudalis there are also rostrocaudal differences in the representation of different vibrissae. Thus, the posterior vibrissae in a horizontal row have their main representations more caudally than the anterior vibrissae. The posterior vertical row has its main representation most caudally, in the C1 segment. PMID- 6983533 TI - An autoradiographic and HRP study of vestibulocollic pathways in the pigeon. PMID- 6983534 TI - Influence of cardiac and respiratory motion on tomographic reconstructions of the heart: implications for quantitative nuclear cardiology. AB - The potential influence of physiological, periodic motions of the heart due to the cardiac cycle, the respiratory cycle, or both on quantitative image reconstruction by positron emission tomography (PET) has been largely neglected. To define their quantitative impact, cardiac PET was performed in 6 dogs after injection of 11C-palmitate under disparate conditions including: normal cardiac and respiration cycles and cardiac arrest with and without respiration. Although in vitro assay of myocardial samples demonstrated that palmitate uptake was homogeneous (coefficient of variation = 10.1%), analysis of the reconstructed images demonstrated significant heterogeneity of apparent cardiac distribution of radioactivity due to both intrinsic cardiac and respiratory motion. Image degradation due to respiratory motion was demonstrated in a healthy human volunteer as well, in whom cardiac tomography was performed with Super PETT I during breath-holding and during normal breathing. The results indicate that quantitatively significant degradation of reconstructions of true tracer distribution occurs in cardiac PET due to both intrinsic cardiac and respiratory induced motion of the heart. They suggest that avoidance of or minimization of these influences can be accomplished by gating with respect to both the cardiac cycle and respiration or by employing brief scan times during breath-holding. PMID- 6983536 TI - Interhemispheric intradural cyst. AB - Intracranial intradural cyst represents a rare congenital malformation of the dura. Computed tomography and autopsy findings in a child with a rapid and progressive enlargement of the head indicated the presence of a large interhemispheric cystic mass. A large dural-like interhemispheric cyst was confirmed at autopsy. PMID- 6983535 TI - Quantitative measurement of bone density using gamma-ray computed tomography. AB - A special purpose gamma-ray computed tomography scanner has been developed for precise measurements of bone density in the human appendicular skeleton. Details of the scanner's hardware and of the software organization for system control and data analysis are given, together with an outline of the theoretical basis for conversion of measured linear attenuation coefficients to physical bone densities. Performance of the system was evaluated on bone-like phantoms. Clinically, a precision of +/- 0.5% is obtained for bone density determinations. This device is being used in experimental studies and clinical investigations. PMID- 6983537 TI - Physical characteristics of SPECT systems, September, 1982. PMID- 6983538 TI - Isolation and characterization of inflammatory cells from the human periapical granuloma. AB - Twelve histologically-confirmed periapical granulomas were evaluated by conventional immunologic rosette assays for the presence of T-lymphocytes and complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes. A technique for dispersing the granuloma cells into suspensions was adopted to facilitate performance of the assays which were not applicable to tissue sections. Differential cell counts by an acridine orange vital dye method disclosed that the cell suspensions contained 30% macrophages, 44% lymphocytes, 15% plasma cells, and 12% neutrophils. Complement receptor-bearing cells comprised 17.9%, and T cells comprised 34.5% of the unseparated inflammatory cells. This study provides the first direct evidence of a predominance of thymic-derived lymphocytes in the lymphocyte compartment of the periapical granuloma. Analysis of the data shows that cell-mediated immunity most likely plays a role in the pathogenesis of the periapical granuloma. PMID- 6983539 TI - Bleeding Meckel's diverticulum in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6983540 TI - Clinical use of the Osteostim, an implanted bone growth stimulator, for impaired bone healing. PMID- 6983541 TI - Use of constant direct current in the treatment of nonunion. PMID- 6983542 TI - Large scale detection of IgA deficient blood donors. AB - An automated technique using passive haemagglutination inhibition was developed on Groupamatic equipment for the screening of IgA deficient blood donors. Positive controls were also assayed by a manual haemagglutination inhibition test and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Fourty-two blood donors totally deficient in IgA were detected in the systematic screening of 108,000 blood samples. Thirty three were partially deficient and 2 other blood donors had an associated anti IgA class-specific antibody. These donors now belong to a national panel of IgA deficient blood donors and their blood is used for the preparation of various IgA deficient blood components. PMID- 6983543 TI - Development of a rapid microELISA assay for screening hybridoma supernatants for murine monoclonal antibodies. AB - A micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing a filtration method has been developed which allows the rapid, simple, and sensitive detection of monoclonal antibodies that recognize either soluble or cell surface antigens. This assay involves the immobilization of target cells (or soluble antigen) onto glass fiber filter discs followed by an incubation with the test hybridoma supernatant and subsequent analysis by ELISA. A specially designed 96-well filtration device is employed which serves both as an incubation chamber and as a filtration manifold. This microELISA requires small volumes of antiserum, few target cells, and can be completed in less than 2 h. This assay is well suited for the rapid screening of murine hybridoma supernatants and can be adapted to detect monoclonal antibodies from other species. PMID- 6983544 TI - Display and analysis of cell size distributions with a Coulter Counter interfaced to an Apple II microcomputer. AB - A model ZBI Coulter Counter was interfaced to an Apple II microcomputer via analog and digital interfaces. It was possible to obtain a graphic display of cell size versus channel number (1000 channels), integration of selected channels, plots, listings, and storage of the data on floppy disk, using a convenient menu selection enabling operators unfamiliar with computer technology to master the system quickly. Examples are presented of calibration of the Coulter Counter and its use for rapid and precise analysis of E rosettes. PMID- 6983545 TI - [Myocardial protection during aorto-coronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 6983546 TI - [Pregnancy and delivery in a case with congenital factor VII deficiency]. PMID- 6983547 TI - The right to procreate and in utero fetal therapy. PMID- 6983548 TI - Promoting the legal rights of older adults. Role of the primary care physician. PMID- 6983549 TI - The physician's role in detecting and reporting elder abuse. PMID- 6983550 TI - Antitrust, restraint of trade, and unfair business practices. Impact on physicians. PMID- 6983551 TI - Marital secrets. The emerging issue of abortion spousal notification laws. PMID- 6983552 TI - The use of non-narcotic drugs and other alternatives for analgesia as part of a comprehensive pain management program. AB - Chronic pain remains an enigma which mystifies the most experienced clinicians. The traditional approaches to malignant pain employ narcotic analgesics, radiotherapy, surgical intervention, and chemotherapy. Within the context of a "therapeutic community" oriented pain unit, we attack this major public health problem differently. The use of non-narcotic analgesics, mood altering medications, various forms of psychotherapy (individual, group, family, gestalt, psychomotor) and peer pressure when used in conjunction with various physical modalities of treatment (including biofeedback, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator, physical therapy, whirlpool, massage, ice, heat, etc.) appear most efficacious. Frequently, the powerful tools of psychological medicine are taken for granted; yet, depression in the United States is widespread and so significantly complicates medical illness that any treatment program designed for pain patients must be holistic in its orientation if it is to be effective. PMID- 6983553 TI - Experience with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for relief of intractable pain in cancer patients. AB - Sixty patients with intractable cancer pain were subjected to transcutaneous electrical stimulation for pain control. Evaluation, after two weeks of treatment, revealed: 17 (28.3%) excellent response, 22 (36.2%) fair and 21 (35.0%) no relief. Re-assessment after 3 months revealed 9 (15%) excellent responses, 11 (18.3%) fair and 40 (67%) failures. Extremity and trunk pains appeared to be most rewarding to patient pain, so far as pain relief is concerned. Perineal and pelvic pains were most difficult to control, only 5 of 12 (41%) cases obtained some short term relief. Pain location and sources correlated with treatment results. PMID- 6983554 TI - Defects in cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6983556 TI - Efforts to enhance survival of limb allografts by prior administration of whole blood in rats using a new survival end-point. AB - Injecting whole blood into the recipient before surgery can significantly prolong renal transplant survival in rats. Therefore, experiments were performed in rats to study the effects of prior administration of whole blood on the survival of limb allografts. Tests to quantitate survival of the allografts included monitoring the internal temperature of the leg, assaying serum creatine kinase levels, and testing for alloantibodies. Lewis recipients of (BN x LEW)F1 limb transplants that received 1 ml of BN or (BN x LEW)F1 whole blood before surgery had mean survival times that were longer compared with controls as measured by a 10 F change in temperature. In a test-retest experiment, decline of temperature proved to be a reliable quantitative determination of limb allograft survival since a difference of only 5.6% was observed in the mean number of days of graft survival between two separate groups of control Lewis recipients. Moreover, combined data demonstrated that control Lewis recipients of (BN x LEW)F1 limb allografts averaged 24.0 days of graft survival based on a 10 F decline in temperature with a 95% confidence interval of +/- 6.3 days. It is concluded that prior administration of whole blood can produce significant prolongation of survival in organ transplantation, but it is not as effective in enhancing survival of limb allografts. It is also concluded that internal temperature measurement of limb allografts is an easy, effective, and quantitative method of monitoring rejection. PMID- 6983555 TI - Effects of gonadal steroid hormones on the hypothalamo-pituitary-liver axis in the control of sex differences in hepatic steroid metabolism in the rat. AB - The site of action of gonadal hormones in the regulation of hepatic steroid metabolism was investigated by measuring the effects of (i) implantation of estradiol into the pituitary gland or anterior hypothalamus of males and (ii) subcutaneous injection of a synthetic androgen in differentiated male and female rats. The hepatic responses measured in vitro were 5 alpha-reduction, and 6 beta- and 16 alpha-hydroxylation of androstenedione. After intrapituitary or intrahypothalamic implantation of oestradiol, 5 alpha-reductase activity increased and 6 beta- and 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity decreased in males relative to the enzyme activities of cholesterol-implanted animals, indicating a feminizing effect of the oestrogen. This effect could not be accomplished by subcutaneous injection of the same oestrogen preparation. Deafferentation had no effect on hepatic steroid metabolism in females, but caused a feminization in males. In addition, subcutaneous treatment of intact females with the synthetic androgen caused masculinization of hepatic steroid metabolism, but was without effect in differentiated animals. Treatment with synthetic androgens had no effect on the hepatic steroid metabolism in differentiated male animals. Subcutaneous injection of a potent synthetic progestagen had little effect on hepatic steroid metabolism in intact females. It is concluded that oestrogen feminizes hepatic steroid metabolism by an action at the hypothalamic-pituitary level and that an intact hypothalamic-pituitary axis is required for the masculinizing action of the synthetic androgen on hepatic steroid metabolism. It is possible that the site of action of androgens is in the anterior hypothalamus or in adjacent areas of the brain. PMID- 6983557 TI - Study on cellular events in postthymectomy autoimmune oophoritis in mice. I. Requirement of Lyt-1 effector cells for oocytes damage after adoptive transfer. AB - Neonatal thymectomy during the critical period, 2-4 d after birth, can induce various organ-specific autoimmune diseases including oophoritis in A/J mice. The oophoritis thus induced was passively transferred into neonatal mice by injection of spleen cells obtained from syngeneic donors with the disease. Recipient ovaries were rapidly damaged with remarkable mononuclear cell infiltration and destruction of follicular structures. The phenotype of effector cells responsible for successful adoptive transfer was found to be Thy-1+, Lyt-1+,23-, Ia-, Qa-1-, and was sensitive to antithymocyte serum treatment but resistant to cyclophosphamide treatment or in vitro X-ray irradiation. The compatibility between donor and recipient at the major histocompatibility complex was not required for the effector phase of transfer. The oophoritis induced in BALB/c (nu/+ or +/+) was also shown to be transferred into athymic BALB/c nude mice with resulting ovarian lesion and circulating autoantibodies against oocytes. In this transfer system, the effector cells were also demonstrated to be T cells with the Lyt-1+,23- phenotype. Adoptive transfer experiments in both systems revealed that the destruction of ovaries in postthymectomy autoimmune oophoritis was mediated by Lyt-1 T cells. Whether these T cells can be distinguished from other Lyt-1 cells, such as T helper cells and effector T cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), is not clear at present, but the results suggest that the effector mechanisms may be closely related to a DTH reaction. PMID- 6983558 TI - Study on cellular events in post-thymectomy autoimmune oophoritis in mice. II. Requirement of Lyt-1 cells in normal female mice for the prevention of oophoritis. AB - Autoimmune oophoritis that develops in A/J mice after neonatally thymectomy (NTx) was prevented by a single intraperitoneal injection of spleen cells or thymocytes from normal adult female mice. Prevention of oophoritis was achieved when spleen cells were given within 2 wk after Tx. When spleen cells were obtained from neonatally oophorectomized mice, four times more cells were required for the prevention of oophoritis, but those from the mice oophorectomized on day 7 after birth had equivalent capacity to prevent oophoritis to those from normal female mice. The spleen cells from normal A/J mice that prevented the development of oophoritis in NTx A/J mice were Thy-1+, Lyt-1+,23-, Ia-, Qa-1-, sensitive to in vitro irradiation with 400 rad, resistant to administration of cyclophosphamide or anti-thymocyte serum, and were not eliminated by adult thymectomy. Thymocytes with oophoritis-preventing capacity were also found to be Lyt-1+,23- and TL-1,2,3 . These results seem to correlate well with the finding that the Lyt-1 subpopulation is substantially decreased in NTx mice. The results suggest that, in this post-thymectomy autoimmune oophoritis, NTx abrogates the Lyt-1 T cell subpopulation that serves as suppressive or regulatory cells over developing self reactive cells directed toward ovarian antigens, and eventually may cause autoimmune oophoritis. PMID- 6983559 TI - Clonal heterogeneity in the functional requirement for Lyt-2/3 molecules on cytolytic T lymphocytes: analysis by antibody blocking and selective trypsinization. AB - While it is well established that murine cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) express the Lyt-2/3 molecular complex on their surface, conflicting results have been reported concerning the role of this complex in CTL activity. In the present study this question was reinvestigated at the clonal level. Although different (H 2b anti-H-2d) CTL clones expressed comparable amounts of Lyt-2/3 molecules, as assessed by quantitative flow microfluorometry, the activity of some clones was inhibited by low doses (10 ng) of monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 or anti-Lyt-3 antibodies (in the absence of complement), whereas other clones were not inhibited by either antibody at doses as high as 5 microgram. Treatment of these clones with doses of trypsin sufficient to cleave Lyt-2/3 antigenic determinants from the cell surface resulted in a similar dissociation: clones that were inhibited by antibodies lost cytolytic activity, whereas "uninhibited" clones were unaffected by trypsin treatment. Moreover, the dissociation observed among different alloreactive clones could be demonstrated with self-H-2-restricted (H-2b anti-MSV) clones exhibiting cross-reactivity with normal H-2d products. The lytic activity of these clones against the relevant syngeneic target cells was unaffected by anti Lyt-2 antibodies or trypsin, whereas their cross-reactivity on H-2d target cells was abolished by either treatment. These results provide direct evidence for clonal heterogeneity in the requirement for Lyt-2/3 molecules in CTL-mediated lysis. It is proposed that the function of Lyt-2/3 molecules is to stabilize the interaction between CTL receptors and the corresponding antigens on the target cells and that the requirement for such a stabilization is correlated with low number and/or affinity of CTL receptors. PMID- 6983560 TI - Leukocyte subpopulations elicited by a nontumorigenic variant of B16 melanoma: their role in direct rejection of the melanoma and in prevention of tumorigenesis in Winn assays. AB - The mechanisms by which various leukocyte subpopulations elicited by an immunogenic, nontumorigenic subclone (C3471) of B16 melanoma caused rejection of the tumorigenic parental melanoma (B559), were investigated. Leukocytes from C3471-immune mice were co-injected with B559 tumor cells in Winn assays into normal syngeneic recipients. Tumor formation by B559 cells was prevented when C3471-immune (a) unfractionated peritoneal leukocytes, or (b) glass-adherent peritoneal cells (90% macrophages), or (c) nylon wool purified nonadherent cells (95% Thy-1.2+) were used in the Winn assays. If the C3471-immunized mice were treated with antithymocyte serum before harvest of their peritoneal cells, none of these leukocyte populations were effective in the Winn assay. However, macrophages from these immunologically compromised donors regained their tumoricidal activity after incubation in vitro with T lymphocytes from untreated C3471-immune donors; similarly, C3471-immune lymphocytes rendered normal resident peritoneal macrophages tumoricidal in Winn assays. When C3471-immunized mice were irradiated or treated with antithymocyte serum before direct challenge with B559 cells, melanomas developed, thus providing additional evidence for the need for intact T cell function to establish immunity against the melanoma. Furthermore, when Winn assay recipients were treated with antithymocyte serum, neither C3471 immune macrophages nor T cells were able to prevent tumor formation. These findings indicate that antithymocyte serum-sensitive (Thy-1.2+) lymphocytes are necessary both for the generation of tumoricidal leukocytes in C3471-immunized mice, and for the rejection of B559 melanoma by demonstrably tumoricidal macrophages in Winn assay recipients. In addition, long-lasting immunity developed in 50% of the normal mice that had received both C3471-immune peritoneal cells and B559 tumor cells, as manifested by their capacity to reject a second challenge with B559 cells 40-60 d later. PMID- 6983561 TI - Production of a B cell growth-promoting activity, (DL)BCGF, from a cloned T cell line and its assay on the BCL1 B cell tumor. AB - Culture supernatants from a long-term alloreactive T cell line, the Dennert line C.C3.11.75 (DL) contain a B cell-growth-promoting activity. This activity can be assayed on normal B cells or on the in vivo BCL1 tumor line. We have called this activity (DL)BCGF. This activity can be distinguished from the T cell-replacing factor activity we had earlier found in DL supernates [(DL)TRF], which is required together with IL2 for the B cell plaque-forming cell response to erythrocyte antigens. The (DL)BCGF can be absorbed on untreated or glutaraldehyde fixed BCL1. This absorption does not remove (DL)TRF activity. The production of (DL)BCGF is greatly enhanced when DL is cultured with IL2-containing supernatants. Sublines or clones of DL (DL.B10 and DL.A4) have been obtained that make large amounts of (DL)BCGF in the absence of any stimulator cells or IL2. B cells from the Xid-deficient male (DBA/2 X CBA/N)F1 mice do not respond to (DL)BCGF. PMID- 6983562 TI - Human T cell hybridomas secreting factors for IgA-specific help, polyclonal B cell activation, and B cell proliferation. AB - Human T-T hybridomas were established by fusion of concanavalin A-activated OKT 4+ T cells with hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase-deficient as well as nondeficient T cell lines. Four hybrids were selected for further study. Supernatant from hybrid clone J1.3 specifically enhanced IgA production and secretion by isolated human B cells, with increases in IgA plaque-forming cells approaching those seen with addition of autologous T cells and pokeweed mitogen. A monoclonal lymphocytic leukemia with membrane IgA also differentiated to IgA plasma cells by this supernatant. Evidence suggests that this hybrid supernatant acts on post-switch IgA-committed B cells. The other hybrids were not isotype specific; hybrid J2S1 enhanced polyclonal Ig secretion and hybrids K1 and K8 induced B cell proliferation without induction of Ig secretion. PMID- 6983563 TI - Primary cell-mediated lympholysis response to a maternally transmitted antigen. AB - Mta-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) can be generated in primary cultures of (NZB X B10.D2)F1 spleen cells with H-2-compatible BALB/c stimulator cells. The CTL lyse reciprocal Mta+ (B10.D2 X NZB)F1 as well as H-2-disparate targets, such as B10, B6, and B6-Tlaa; they do not lyse targets from NZB or any F1 hybrid of an NZB mother. The lysis of 51Cr-labeled B10 targets is completely inhibited by unlabeled targets from Mta+ (B10.D2 X NZB)F1, but not from the reciprocal Mta- F1, thus demonstrating H-2-unrestricted lysis of Mta. PMID- 6983564 TI - Residual force enhancement after stretch of contracting frog single muscle fibers. AB - Single fibers from the tibialis anterior muscle of Rana temporaria at 0.8-3.8 degrees C were subjected to long tetani lasting up to 8 s. Stretch of the fiber early in the tetanus caused an enhancement of force above the isometric control level which decayed only slowly and stayed higher throughout the contraction. This residual enhancement was uninfluenced by velocity of stretch and occurred only on the descending limb of the length-tension curve. The absolute magnitude of the effect increased with sarcomere length to a maximum at approximately 2.9 micrometers and then declined. The phenomenon was further characterized by its dependence on the amplitude of stretch. The final force level reached after stretch was usually higher than the isometric force level corresponding to the starting length of the stretch. The possibility that the phenomenon was caused by nonuniformity of sarcomere length along the fiber was examined by (a) laser diffraction studies that showed sarcomere stretch at all locations and (b) studies of 9-10 segments of approximately 0.6-0.7 mm along the entire fiber, which all elongated during stretch. Length-clamped segments showed residual force enhancement after stretch when compared with the tetanus produced by the same segment held at the short length as well as at the long length. It is concluded that residual force enhancement after stretch is a property shown by all individual segments along the fiber. PMID- 6983565 TI - Utilization of retinoids in the bullfrog retina. AB - The capacity to generate 11-cis retinal from retinoids arising naturally in the eye was examined in the retina of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Retinoids, co suspended with phosphatidylcholine, were applied topically to the photoreceptor surface of the isolated retina after substantial bleaching of the native visual pigment. The increase in photoreceptor sensitivity associated with the formation of rhodopsin, used as an assay for the appearance of 11-cis retinal in the receptors, was analyzed by extracellular measurement of the photoreceptor potential; in separate experiments using the isolated retina or receptor outer segment preparations, the formation of rhodopsin was measured spectrophotometrically. Treatments with the 11-cis isomers of retinal and retinol induced significant increases in both the rhodopsin content and photic sensitivity of previously bleached receptors. The all-trans isomers of retinyl palmitate, retinol, and retinal, as well as the 11-cis isomer of retinyl palmitate, were inactive by both the electrophysiological and spectrophotometric criteria for the generation of rhodopsin. Treatment with any one of the "inactive" retinoids did not abolish the capacity of subsequently applied 11-cis retinal or 11-cis retinol to promote the formation of rhodopsin. The data are discussed in relation to the interconversions of retinoids ("visual cycle of vitamin A") thought to mediate the regeneration of rhodopsin in vivo after extensive bleaching. PMID- 6983566 TI - Genetic and immunologic analysis on moya-moya. AB - The genetic and immunologic abnormalities associated with the pathogenesis of moya-moya were assessed in 23, 13 children and 10 adults with angiographically diagnosed moya-moya. In HLA-A, -B, -C stereotyping, an association was found of AW24, BW46, and BW54 with relative risks of 3.83, 6.50, and 3.58 respectively. Natural T cell toxic autoantibody was detected by FACS analysis in sera from five out of 23 patients. Millipore filter assay for autoantibody against double stranded DNA revealed higher than normal binding in sera from four out of 18 patients. Anti-vessel antibody which might be responsible for vascular change associated with moya-moya was not detected in any of the 23 patients studied. Significant association of the disease with certain HLA types, in addition to the presence of natural T cell toxic autoantibody and anti-double-stranded DNA antibody in patients' sera, supports the theory that genetic and immunologic disturbances may underly the pathogenesis of moya-moya. PMID- 6983567 TI - Evaluation of infratentorial atrophy by computed tomography. AB - Eight parameters of cranial computed tomograms were examined from 121 controls, 33 patients suffering from paleocerebellar atrophy and 53 with widespread cerebellar atrophy. With the aid of step-by-step linear discriminant analysis the most important parameters were found and their normal and limiting values were calculated. With the help of correlation analysis the correlation between normal values and the age of the controls was investigated. PMID- 6983568 TI - Immunosuppression by cyclosporin A of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant which acts selectively on antigen responding T cells, was tried in the treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). The drug was highly effective in preventing the appearance of clinical and pathological signs of EAE in rats, guinea pigs and monkeys. Treatment of the established disease also reduced the incidence and severity of symptoms, and significantly reduced the number of inflammatory lesions in the central nervous system. PMID- 6983569 TI - Sensitivity of Trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole in medium with different concentrations of iron and ascorbate. PMID- 6983570 TI - Portal hypertension: American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section survey- 1981. AB - Hepatic (cirrhosis) accounts for a higher percentage of portal hypertension than extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Some patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension (portal vein obstruction) have a more favorable clinical status. Nonoperative management (balloon tamponade, vasopressin) will usually succeed in controlling bleeding (both groups). Most patients can be stabilized before surgical procedure. Results of devascularization procedures are encouraging. Central splenorenal shunt was most commonly employed (both groups). The Warren shunt is gaining popularity. There are no clear advantages of any particular method of portosystemic shunting in either group. The results of shunt therapy in cirrhotic patients are comparable to those observed in patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension. PMID- 6983571 TI - Esophageal endosclerosis in children with portal vein thrombosis. AB - During the past 3 2/3 yr, 6 children with portal vein thrombosis were treated for esophageal hemorrhage by direct injection of esophageal varices with sodium morrhuate (endosclerosis). Four children were actively hemorrhaging at the time of initial endosclerosis; 2 patients were treated electively. Endosclerosis was performed by (1) employment of an especially slotted rigid esophagoscope, (2) direct intravariceal injection, (3) injection of varices at the gastroesophageal junction only. In patients actively hemorrhaging, endosclerosis was repeated every 3 to 4 days until the bleeding ceased. Once bleeding was controlled the procedure was done at 6-wk intervals until esophageal varices were obliterated. In the four patients actively hemorrhaging, bleeding was controlled by 2 to 3 separate injection sessions. Four patients have completed treatment and varices are absent radiographically and endoscopically. No patient has rebled during or after treatment in follow-up from 1/6 to 3 2/3 yr. Esophageal endosclerosis is advocated as a legitimate alternative to portosystemic shunt operations and nonoperative management of esophageal variceal hemorrhage in children with portal vein thrombosis. PMID- 6983573 TI - Purity profiles of pteroylglutamate reference substances by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the reversed-phase mode was used for the purity analysis of three pteroylglutamic acid-type reference substances (folic acid, leucovorin calcium, and methotrexate). The influence of the pH of the mobile phase on the separation of an artificial mixture of six pteroylglutamic acid derivatives and three potential impurities was studied. Results of purity analysis of current lots of USP reference standards are reported. A better separation of methotrexate from its major impurities was achieved by using a standard buffer, rather than an ion-pairing mobile phase. A separation of methotrexate and its biologically inactive 7-isomer is reported. PMID- 6983572 TI - [Metabolism of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin. I. The metabolic fate of 9,3" diacetylmidecamycin]. PMID- 6983574 TI - Differences between foreign and original innervation of skeletal muscle in the frog. AB - 1. In order to investigate the characteristics of synapses formed by a foreign nerve in skeletal muscle of the frog, the hypoglossal nerve in Rana pipiens was implanted under the cutaneus pectoris (c.p.) muscle which was denervated 1 month later.2. Within 1 week of crushing the c.p. nerve, hypoglossal nerve fibres could be seen extending towards the denervated end-plates and the muscle contracted in response to stimulation of the implanted nerve.3. The synapses formed by the foreign nerve differed from those of the original nerve in several ways. The mean quantal content (m) of end-plate potentials (e.p.p.s) evoked by stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve in c.p. was lower than that of e.p.p.s evoked by stimulation of the regenerated original nerve. The mean latency between stimulation of the implanted nerve and the onset of e.p.p.s was longer than that for stimulation of the original nerve. Stimulation of the foreign nerve often evoked multiphasic e.p.p.s whereas these were only seen on original nerve stimulation during the first 3 months after regeneration. These abnormalities of the foreign innervation persisted for at least 6 months after crushing the original nerve.4. The geniohyoid muscle (which is normally innervated by the hypoglossal nerve) and c.p. appear to contain similar types of muscle fibre. Furthermore, when the geniohyoid muscle became reinnervated by the hypoglossal nerve after it had been crushed, the synapses formed were more effective than those formed by the hypoglossal nerve in c.p.5. Even if reinnervation of c.p. by its nerve was delayed by cutting the brachial nerve at its exit from the vertebral column, the synapses formed by the hypoglossal nerve in c.p. remained abnormal, suggesting that an incompatability exists between the c.p. muscle and the hypoglossal nerve.6. In spite of the differences found between the synapses formed by the hypoglossal nerve and the original nerve in c.p., there was no evidence of regression of the hypoglossal innervation during the period of observation. PMID- 6983575 TI - A study of cellular immune status as indicated by T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in cases of Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 6983576 TI - Independent expression of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Antibodies to components of the cell nucleus have been viewed as specific serological markers of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To determine whether these autoantibodies exhibit common regulation of their expression, antibody levels have been quantitatively assessed in serial samples from patients producing at least 2 different antibody specificities. In a comparison of the peak antibody levels as a measure of immune responsiveness, the magnitude of the antiDNA response varied independently of either the antiSm or the antiRNP responses. Serial analysis with selected patients demonstrated that antiDNA levels fluctuated according to a pattern related to disease activity. In the same patients, however, antiSm and antiRNP antibodies showed little variation in level, with no consistent relationship to disease activity. Furthermore, following therapy, antiDNA levels fell while neither antiSm nor antiRNP levels showed significant alteration. These results suggest that in SLE, autoantibodies may arise from distinct immunoregulatory disturbances, each characterized by a unique relationship to disease activity and response to therapy. PMID- 6983577 TI - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver and bleeding esophageal varices in Felty's syndrome: a case report and literature review. PMID- 6983578 TI - Comparative effectiveness of 5 analgesics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. PMID- 6983579 TI - A case-control study of juvenile- and adult-onset ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6983580 TI - Conference on outcome measures in rheumatological clinical trials. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, December 7-8, 1981. PMID- 6983581 TI - A methodological framework to develop and select indices for clinical trials: statistical and judgmental approaches. PMID- 6983582 TI - A methodologic framework for developing and selecting endpoints in clinical trials. PMID- 6983583 TI - Antinuclear antibody in Behcet's disease. PMID- 6983584 TI - The value of detecting antibodies to nuclear antigens. PMID- 6983585 TI - In vivo intracellular deposition of antinuclear antibodies in Henoch-Schonlein purpura. PMID- 6983587 TI - Endoscopy and upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. PMID- 6983586 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens by complement components C1, C4 and C2. AB - Recent data have shown a definite relationship between complement and lymphocytes. Genetic studies have demonstrated close linkage between the genes controlling synthesis of complement components C4 and C2 and the major histocompatibility complex. Working in a complement-free environment, we studied the effect of purified human complement components, individually and in various combinations, upon in vitro proliferative responses of human lymphocytes to mitogens and antigens. It was found that the early complement components C1, C4 and C2, together, modulate lymphocyte responses to these various stimuli. In general, doses up to 1,000 effective molecules of each component per lymphocyte enhanced the cells' responses to both mitogens and antigens. Higher doses, up to 3,000 effective molecules of each per lymphocyte, progressively inhibited the cells' responses to the mitogens whereas responses to the antigens showed continued enhancement. This effect was removed by prior heat-inactivation of the complement. It persisted when the cells were exposed to C1, C4 and C2 for 1 hr, then washed and cultured with mitogen. It required active C1 in the fluid-phase prior to addition of C4 and C2. It correlated with the amount of activated C2 to which the cells were exposed. Enriched populations of T and B cells were affected equally. PMID- 6983588 TI - Automatic control of potential and agonist-induced current across the endplate membrane by drug electrophoresis. AB - Two techniques are described that are designed to elicit long and constant postsynaptic depolarizations or agonist-induced currents by the electrophoretic application of agonists to endplate membranes. In the first technique, which can be described as a "pharmacologic voltage clamp," the current flowing through the agonist pipette is controlled by the potential across the endplate membrane. Sustained depolarizations of constant amplitude can be obtained in this manner, while the agonist current needed to produce and maintain the response is recorded. The second technique uses a signal proportional to the current flowing across a voltage-clamped endplate membrane to control the delivery of agonist. This allows control of the intensity of the agonist-induced current. The possible application of these techniques in studying receptor desensitization and obtaining samples of post-synaptic current noise for spectral analysis is discussed. PMID- 6983589 TI - ABO blood groups in hepato-splenic schistosomiasis. PMID- 6983590 TI - Anuran fertilization: a morphological reinvestigation of some early events. PMID- 6983591 TI - The mechanisms of synergistic effect of antibiotics. A mechanism of synergism, cephaloridine with gentamicin on cephaloridine resistant gram negative bacilli. AB - Twelve strains out of 75 Gram negative rods, which were isolated at the clinical laboratory in the hospital, were highly resistant to cephaloridine (CER) and relatively sensitive to gentamicin (GM). Nine strains out of the 12 strains revealed synergistic effect when small doses of GM were used together with CER. A mechanism of synergistic effect on Enterobacter cloacae, 1 strain of the 9 strains, was studied through change of beta-lactamase activities. The levels of viable cell count decreased when small doses of GM were added compared with the ones obtained without the addition of GM. Similarly the levels of protein concentration and beta-lactamase activities in the sonicated component of sediment decreased, so did the level of beta-lactamase activities per cell. On the contrary, however, the beta-lactamase activities in the supernatant fluid showed no difference irrespective of the GM. Based upon the above mentioned findings, it is suggested that synergistic effect of CER and GM might be due to inhibition of protein synthesis as well as due to subsequent inhibition of beta lactamase synthesis. This is compared with the author's previous study, in which the mechanism of synergistic effect of CER and chloramphenicol (CP) was partly due to inhibition of protein synthesis, but mostly due to inhibition of beta lactamase synthesis. PMID- 6983592 TI - [Phase II trial of high dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor "rescue" for hematological malignancies]. PMID- 6983593 TI - [Regulation of immune responses by anti-idiotypic lymphocytes]. PMID- 6983594 TI - [UVB induced epidermal tissue damages--pathogenesis and origin of sunburn cell]. PMID- 6983595 TI - [Percutaneous absorption and systemic distribution of corticosteroids]. PMID- 6983596 TI - [Crystalglobulinemia]. PMID- 6983597 TI - [Chlorpromazine phototoxicity--acid phosphatase activity in cultured human fibroblast]. PMID- 6983598 TI - [Histogenesis of macular amyloidosis]. PMID- 6983600 TI - [The mechanism of binding of 8-methoxypsoralen to riboflavin binding protein]. PMID- 6983601 TI - [Immunotherapeutic effect of orally administered BCG on experimental lung metastasis of subcutaneous fibrosarcoma in guinea pigs]. PMID- 6983599 TI - [Effects of aging on wax esters in skin surface lipids]. PMID- 6983602 TI - [Behavior of prostaglandin in ultraviolet ray-induced erythema--in vitro analysis using xeroderma pigmentosum cells]. PMID- 6983603 TI - [The relationship between the water content in the stratum corneum and transepidermal water loss in the pathologic horny layer]. PMID- 6983604 TI - [Contribution to the knowledge of nevus depigmentosus systematicus--on its relation to incontinentia pigmenti achromians (Ito)]. PMID- 6983605 TI - [Electron microscopy of Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome--with special reference to the role of Schwann cells in incontinentia pigmentia histologica]. PMID- 6983606 TI - [Case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with chromomycosis, cryptococcal meningitis and alternarial subcutaneous abscess]. PMID- 6983607 TI - [Measurement of skin sclerosis by the use of a tension transducer]. PMID- 6983609 TI - [A clinical and pathological study of the cutaneous amyloidosis--the deposition mechanism of the cutaneous amyloid substance]. PMID- 6983611 TI - [Clinical study of complement breakdown products in patients with hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6983610 TI - Intensive suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) by serum thymic factor and therapeutic implication for multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6983608 TI - [Case of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-like T cell lymphoma]. PMID- 6983612 TI - [Cardiac emission computed tomography (ECT) using rotating gamma camera. (4) ECG gating in ECT for blood-pool and thallium myocardial imaging]. PMID- 6983613 TI - [Positron CT imaging with 13N-ammonia and 11C-carbon monoxide in intracranial tumors]. PMID- 6983614 TI - [Clinical usefulness of positron computed tomographic imaging with 18FDG, 13NH3 and 11CO in cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 6983616 TI - The effects of reducing the extracellular calcium concentration on the twitch in isolated frog's skeletal muscle fibres. AB - When muscle fibres isolated from the frog's semitendinosus are placed in a calcium-free, bicarbonate buffered Ringer's solution the twitch declines in an irregular stepwise fashion and disappears usually within 1 to 9 min. There is often an initial period of twitch potentiation when the fibres are exposed to 0 Ca2+. Although considerably shorter than the time in 0-Ca2+ required to deplete intracellular calcium stores, the time required to eliminate the twitch is longer than estimates of the minimum time required to remove calcium from the fluid in the t-tubular network by free diffusion. When the calcium concentration was only partially reduced the twitch was potentiated at concentrations between 10 and 50% of the usual concentration in Ringer's. At lower calcium concentrations the potentiation is followed by a reduction, and in some fibres the twitch was eliminated without completely removing the calcium ions from the bathing solution. The results support the hypothesis that there is a store of calcium ions bound to the t-tubular membranes ("trigger calcium") which is required for excitation-contraction coupling during the twitch. PMID- 6983615 TI - Instantaneous and delayed outward currents of the bullfrog atrial muscle in Ca free or Na-deficient conditions. AB - Effects of Ca-free or Na-deficient Ringer solutions on the membrane currents of the bullfrog atrial muscle were studied using the double sucrose-gap method. Instantaneous outward current (Ik1) decreased in Ca-free and increased in Na deficient conditions. The amplitude of nominal "fully activated delayed outward current" diminished under both sets of conditions. The diminution, however, was greater in Na-deficient medium (10 mM Na) and its activation curve shifted about 13.5 mV toward a more negative potential. In Ca-free Ringer, no such shift was observed, and the activation of the delayed outward current became slower and sigmoidal while the deactivation was faster than in the control. Contrarily, in Na-deficient Ringer, the activation became faster and exponential and the deactivation was slower. The current tail was composed of two exponentially declining components, and the slower, K-accumulation-related component (Ia) was suppressed in Ca-free and the faster component (Ixs) diminished in Na-deficient media. These findings may indicate that in the atrial muscle the instantaneous outward current is modified by a Na-Ca exchange mechanisms and that the delayed outward current consists of two components, Ixs and Ia, which are susceptible to Na and Ca ions, respectively. PMID- 6983617 TI - Effects of lanthanum on the electrical and mechanical activities of frog ventricular muscle. AB - The effects of lanthanum on the resting membrane potential, action potential, membrane resistance, twitch tension, and potassium contracture were investigated and the localization of the drug was studied electron microscopically in isolated frog ventricular muscle. Lanthanum in concentration of 0.2 to 5 mM decreased the resting potential by about 5-8 mV, which was accompanied by an increase in the membrane resistance of about 43% for the depolarizing and 40% for the hyperpolarizing direction. Lanthanum caused a decrease in height and a prominent shortening of the action potential, and also, a depression of the plateau level. In addition, it increased the threshold for action potential generation depending on its concentration. The slow response action potential was inhibited by lanthanum in parallel with twitch inhibition. This finding suggests that the twitch inhibition resulted from the suppression of the slow inward calcium current. In contrast, potassium contracture was not inhibited by lanthanum. When the muscle preparation was treated with neuraminidase, the twitch inhibition caused by lanthanum was strongly depressed. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the precipitates of lanthanum were localized on the external lamina of myocytes as well as in the extracellular spaces but could never be found within the cytoplasm. No such precipitates could be detected in the neuraminidase treated muscle. From these results it is suggested that lanthanum takes the place of calcium at the membrane surface: it modifies permeabilities to sodium, potassium and calcium ions and the excitation-contraction coupling of the ventricular muscle by replacing calcium bound to the membrane-surface. PMID- 6983618 TI - Differences in active sodium transport through frog skin with various experimental setups. AB - Four experimental setups for examining active sodium transport by frog skin were examined and compared. They were: (I) a cannula, the interior of which faces the dermis; (II) a cannula, the interior of which faced the epidermis; (III) an Ussing-type chamber without gaskets; and (IV) an Ussing-type chamber with gaskets. The experiments were out in SO4-Ringer's solution. In control saline, the magnitude of the short circuit current (SCC microA/cm2) was in the order: I greater than III greater than II not equal to IV, while the magnitude of skin resistance (RM, k omega . cm2) and potential difference were: II not equal to IV greater than III greater than I. The responses of the skin to amiloride and cadmium varied greatly according to the various setups employed. Amiloride decreased the SCC and increased the RM. The percent differences from the control SCC and RM showed I not equal to IV greater than II and IV not equal to II greater than I, respectively. On the other hand, cadmium increased the SCC and decreased the RM. The orders of percent differences from the control SCC and RM were IV not equal to II greater than I and II not equal to IV greater than I. The effect of calcium gluconate on the active Na transport was also different depending on the various setups used; the responses to epidermal and dermal Ca gluconate were quite opposite. The above seemingly curious findings are discussed in terms of the ENa, RNa, and R sigma obtained with Helman's Na-free saline method. From the present investigation, it is clear that careful attention should be given to the interpretation of experimental results in active transport studies when various kinds of setups are employed. PMID- 6983619 TI - Effect of pyridoxal phosphate deficiency on aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity with L-DOPA and L-5-hydroxytryptophan as substrates in rats. AB - This paper describes the distribution of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activities in fourteen tissues (eight peripheral tissues and six brain regions) of semicarbazide (SC)-treated rats, using both L-DOPA and L-5 hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) as substrates. The distribution of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) was also measured in control and SC-treated rats. SC-treatment decreased the PLP concentration in all tissues (about 50-60% of control). AADC activities towards L-DOPA and L-5-HTP as substrates were also decreased significantly in almost all tissues of SC-treated rats. After the addition of exogenous PLP in vitro, AADC activities were recovered only partially in most tissues, but the recovery patterns were not parallel between L-DOPA and L-5-HTP as substrates. L-DOPA decarboxylase activity was more sensitive to PLP-deficiency than L-5-HTP decarboxylase activity in the same tissues. Serum AADC activities were decreased drastically using both L-DOPA and L-5-HTP as substrates. No serum AADC activity was detected in SC-treated rats using L-DOPA as substrate, but low activity was detected in the same sample using L-5-HTP as the substrate; both activities recovered completely after in vitro addition of 10 microM PLP in the incubation mixtures. PMID- 6983620 TI - [Selection of revascularization for multiple arteriosclerotic cardiovascular lesions]. PMID- 6983621 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6983622 TI - [Clinico-anatomic basis of the potential performance of aortocoronary bypass in cardiogenic shock]. AB - A clinical and anatomic study was conducted in 50 patients with myocardial infarction aggravated by cardiogenic shock in order to substantiate the practicability and possibility of aortal-coronary shunting in such cases. Gross stenosing and occluding lesions one and more coronary arteries, localized in proximal vascular segments, were present in all the cases. Anatomical conditions in most patients with cardiogenic shock were conducive to reconstructive surgery. PMID- 6983624 TI - [Cryotherapy of macular corneal dystrophy of the Groenouw II type]. PMID- 6983623 TI - [Combined lung resections in tuberculosis and chronic nonspecific lung diseases in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6983625 TI - [Portable electrostimulators in treating various pain syndromes]. PMID- 6983626 TI - [Immunologic disorders and their role in the pathogenesis of toxic goiter]. PMID- 6983627 TI - [Prodigiozan in the complex treatment of respiratory tract sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6983628 TI - [Human equilibrium under conditions of rotation with different levels of increased weightiness]. AB - This paper discusses the gravity (of up to 2 g) effect on the upright stability of 16 test subjects exposed either to centrifugation or to artificially increased body weight (with uniformly distributed loading). During centrifugation the stabilographic parameters increased significantly at every gravity level. In the experiments with artificially increased body weight the area of the vector stabilograms also increased significantly. The comparison of the two experimental runs suggests that disorders in the upright stability are caused by the rotation factor rather than by the artificially increased body weight. PMID- 6983629 TI - Immunological status of maculo-anaesthetic leprosy: T and B lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins. AB - Peripheral blood T and B lymphocyte percentage and serum immunoglobulin levels were evaluated in 36 Maculo-anaesthetic (MA) leprosy patients using E and EAC rosette techniques and single radial immuno-diffusion respectively. 21 Tuberculoid, 13 Indeterminate, 16 Borderline, 13 Lepromatous and 20 healthy controls were also studied for comparison. The results showed that the peripheral blood T lymphocyte percentages and humoral immune responses of Maculoanaesthetic leprosy are not significantly different from either Tuberculoid or Indeterminate leprosy types or from control group. PMID- 6983630 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of vitamin D2 3 beta-glucosiduronate and vitamin D2 3 beta-sulfate: role of vitamin D2 conjugates in calcium homeostasis. AB - To ascertain the physiologic function of vitamin D2 conjugates in calcium homeostasis, we synthesized vitamin D2 3 beta-glucosiduronate and vitamin D2 3 beta-sulfate in pure form and tested their biological activity in vitamin D deficient rats fed a low calcium diet. Vitamin D2 3 beta-glucosiduronate was active in promoting calcium transport in the intestine at a dose of 100 pmol per rat. It increased calcium mobilization from bone and soft tissue at a dose of 1000 pmol per rat. This conjugate was less active than equimolar doses of vitamin D2. These results demonstrate that vitamin D2 3 beta-glucosiduronate can be utilized by the rat as a source of vitamin D. In contrast, vitamin D2 3 beta sulfate was biologically inert. It failed to increase calcium transport in the duodenum of vitamin D deficient rats except at the highest doses tested (greater than 100,000 pmol/rat). It was similarly ineffective in increasing calcium mobilization from bone and soft tissue. Our results lead us to conclude that vitamin D2 3 beta-glucosiduronate is probably utilized by the rat after hydrolysis to the free sterol; on the contrary, the sulfate is not biologically active except at the highest doses tested. PMID- 6983631 TI - Characterization of androgen uptake by purified nuclei from an androgen-dependent and two androgen-independent cell lines of the Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma. AB - Properties of androgen uptake by nuclei prepared from an androgen-dependent tumour cell line occurred after 2 h incubation at 20 degrees C; 2. Nuclei from three tumour cell lines displayed similar affinity for DHT but the two androgen independent cell lines had less than one-quarter the number of uptake sites; 3. Loss of label from nuclei which had been pre-incubated with [3H]-DHT for 18 h at 20 degrees C was greater from the AD cell line nuclei than from the androgen independent cell lines; 4. Whole cell contamination of the nuclear preparations did not contribute to specific DHT uptake. PMID- 6983632 TI - Requirement of 2-mercaptoethanol for in vitro growth factor production by T cells and vulnerability of the response to age. AB - The effects of 2-mercaptoethanol and age on spleen cells derived from young (3-4 months) and old (24-months) C57BL/6 mice were measured with respect to T cell growth factor or Interleukin 2 production. It was shown that: (A) 2 mercaptoethanol (or some homologue) is absolutely required for T cell growth factor production in vitro by murine cells (the optimum concentration is 5 X 10( 5) M for both young and old cells); (B) old cells are less responsive to suboptimum concentrations than young cells but their responses are not reduced to the same degree as young cells by supraoptimum toxic doses of 2-mercaptoethanol; and (C) at optimum 2-mercaptoethanol concentrations young and old cells have similar kinetic responses for T cell growth factor production and the accumulation of the T cell growth factor reaches a maximum between 18 and 24 hours. Considerations are presented of 2-mercaptoethanol (or some homologue) in its role as an important reactant in the production of T cell growth factor and in its susceptibility to aging. PMID- 6983634 TI - [Pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein in patients with solid tumors]. PMID- 6983633 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia]. PMID- 6983635 TI - [Psychological reactions after subarachnoid administration of Amipaque]. PMID- 6983636 TI - Cisplatin vestibular ototoxicity: preliminary report. AB - Sixteen patients were monitored for vestibular ototoxicity while receiving cisplatin in dosages of 180 mg/M2. The incidence of preexisting vestibular functional abnormalities (31%) was higher than the incidence of ototoxicity (18%). Although the number of patients was not large enough for meaningful statistical comparison, the incidence of vestibular ototoxicity from cisplatin was low for the dosage levels employed. Based upon the results of this study, the following recommendations are made for monitoring cisplatin vestibular ototoxicity. 1. All patients should receive vestibular tests prior to cisplatin administration. 2. Subjects, who have reduced (or asymmetric) vestibular function upon pretherapy testing, should be monitored at least weekly for any change in function while receiving cisplatin. 3. Subjects who are normal prior to therapy need to be tested only when cumulative doses exceed 400 mg. The severe nausea and vomiting associated with cisplatin chemotherapy is not related to vestibular ototoxicity. PMID- 6983637 TI - Inner ear histopathology in patients treated with cis-platinum. AB - Temporal bone histopathology was studied in five patients (aged 51-67) who received cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In each case, sensorineural hearing loss occurred during the course of treatment and temporal bones were acquired 3-5 hours postmortem for anatomical study. Scanning electron microscopy revealed acute degenerative changes in cochlear hair cells that appeared to be the result of drug treatment. However, the presence of age-related degeneration made it difficult to unequivocally identify hair cell loss due solely to ototoxicity. In one patient, a decrement in vestibular function was observed during DDP treatment. Postmortem examination showed severe degeneration of the maculae and cristae which could be correlated with the absence of caloric response seen after chemotherapy. PMID- 6983639 TI - Lymphocyte cholesterol synthesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6983638 TI - Vestibular function assessment in patients with Meniere's disease: the vestibulospinal system. AB - The state-of-the-art approach to clinical assessment of vestibular disturbances includes a number of procedures in which it is assumed that the status of major vestibular pathways is quantified independently from converging somatosensory and visual influences. Although it has been known for some time that this approach has limitations in a highly integrative system in which inputs from a number of sensory modalities interact, a practical remedy has been only recently forthcoming. Using an approach to assessment of the vestibulospinal system developed by Nashner, the application of moving platform techniques has been the first to systematically identify the interactions among vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive senses and determine the role of vestibular losses in the process of postural control. A group of Meniere's disease patients were studied in order to determine whether or not such tests could be used as an effective vestibular screening method for Meniere's disease patients in remission, and whether the ability of Meniere's disease patients to use vision and proprioception to compensate for their vestibular disorders, could be assessed. Results indicated that quantitative evaluation of the vestibulospinal system was a very effective vestibular screening test. Furthermore, the adaptive ability of the subject can be estimated by varying the amounts of visual and proprioceptive vestibular information available to the patient for the control of postural sway. Preliminary results indicate that such a technique would be of great value clinically for the initial and on-going evaluation of patients with Meniere's disease and for pre and post-therapeutic evaluation of the Meniere's disease patient. PMID- 6983640 TI - The therapy of bleeding oesophageal varices. PMID- 6983642 TI - [A system of automated discrimination of liver scintigrams into a given number of classes]. PMID- 6983641 TI - Portographic findings and coagulopathy in cirrhosis. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic portography was performed in 57 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The portographic findings, the free portal pressure and the coagulation tests were analyzed. Moderate or severe abnormality of the coagulation system was significantly associated with extrahepatic shunting, large gastric varices and collaterals from the splenic vein and splenic hilum. Reduced levels of prothrombin, factor X and thrombocyte counts were the factors mainly accounting for this association. As severe variceal bleeding is associated with these changes in the portal circulation, identification of patients at high risk may be based on portography combined with examination of the coagulation system. PMID- 6983643 TI - Permeability of single muscle capillaries to potassium ions. PMID- 6983644 TI - Effect of anti-Ia serum in vitro on lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferative responses of murine bone marrow and spleen cells. AB - The in vitro proliferative response of murine bone marrow cells and spleen cells to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the effect of anti-Ia serum on the response were studied. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into cells prepared from bone marrow increased in the presence of LPS, but the addition of anti-Ia serum to the cultures reduced the incorporation. Pretreatment of bone marrow cells with anti-Ia serum and complement did not abolish the ability of the cells to respond to LPS, while the same pretreatment destroyed this ability in spleen cells. These results suggest that cultures of Ia-negative bone marrow cells generate Ia-positive cells during the culture period, and the Ia-positive cells are responsive cells to LPS. The proliferative response of 1- or 2-week-old spleen cells was easily suppressed by anti-Ia serum when compared with that of 4 week-old spleen cells. Furthermore, the responses of spleen cells obtained from gamma-irradiated and syngeneic bone marrow cell-reconstituted mice were prominently suppressed by anti-Ia serum in comparison with that of normal adult spleen cells. These findings suggest that LPS-responsive lymphocytes in the developmental stage are quite sensitive to anti-Ia serum. The effect of anti-Ia serum on the maturation of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes was discussed. PMID- 6983645 TI - Cimetidine, vasopressin and chronotropic incompetence. AB - A 59-year-old man with severe variceal bleeding received therapy with intravenously administered vasopressin and cimetidine. Inappropriate bradycardia, sinoatrial and atrioventricular blocks, and terminal bradycardia leading to asystole, occurred during bleeding, with the greatest number of rhythm abnormalities occurring during combined cimetidine and vasopressin therapy. The results of post-mortem examination showed only mild coronary artery disease. The hazards of combined vasopressin and cimetidine therapy are reviewed. PMID- 6983646 TI - [Dynamic nephroscintigraphy with 99mTc DTPA in the study of vesico-ureteral reflux. Personal experience]. PMID- 6983647 TI - Mechanism of 2-aminopurine mutagenesis in mouse T-lymphosarcoma cells. AB - We investigated the mechanism of action of 2-aminopurine (Apur) in eucaryotic cells. By analogy with studies in procaryotic systems, the base analog is presumed to incorporate into DNA predominantly opposite T where, upon subsequent DNA replication, it can mispair with C, inducing an A:T leads to G:C transition. This model predicts that Apur-induced mutagenesis will be enhanced by factors that favor formation of Apur-C mispairs, e.g., high levels of dCTP or low levels of TTP. We describe the use of a mutant T-lymphosarcoma cell line, AraC-6-1, which has an abnormally high dCTP pool and a low TTP pool, to test this prediction. AraC-6-1 cells were three- to fivefold more mutable by Apur than their parental cell line, NSU-1. This enhanced mutability by Apur could not be explained by altered incorporation of 3H-labeled Apur, by generally impaired ability to repair DNA damage, or by a direct effect of Apur on the endogenous deoxynucleotide pools. The addition of 10 microM thymidine to the growth medium of AraC-6-1 cells lowered their high dCTP pool (two- to threefold), raised the TTP pool (two- to threefold), and abolished their enhanced mutability by Apur. Further manipulation to produce an abnormally high TTP/dCTP ratio suppressed Apur induced mutagenesis (8- to 10-fold) in both AraC-6-1 and NSU-1 cells. These observations support the hypothesis that Apur induces A:T leads to G:C transitions in mammalian cells by a mispairing mechanism. PMID- 6983648 TI - Pulsed echo Doppler measures of cardiac stroke volume in man. PMID- 6983649 TI - Tuberculosis in East Central Harlem and its problems. PMID- 6983652 TI - Oral and ambulatory therapy of Listeria bacteremia and meningitis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 6983650 TI - Computerized tomography of the spine in metastatic disease. PMID- 6983653 TI - Is a gastric drainage procedure necessary after proximal gastrectomy or esophagogastrectomy and esophagogastrostomy? PMID- 6983655 TI - Gastric hamartomatous polyps in the absence of familial polyposis: report of two cases. PMID- 6983651 TI - Spontaneous perforation of intestinal duplications. PMID- 6983654 TI - Tuberculous ileotyphlitis with formation of large ileal pseudopolyp mimicking tumor. PMID- 6983656 TI - Nitrous oxide anesthesia may double the balloon gas volume of Swan-Ganz catheters. PMID- 6983657 TI - Hypertrophic synovitis of the lumbar facet joint in two cases of herniated intervertebral disc. PMID- 6983658 TI - Sudden onset of involuntary movement disorders with arteriovenous malformations of the basal ganglia. PMID- 6983660 TI - [Percutaneous Gasserian ganglion thermocoagulation]. PMID- 6983659 TI - [A strain of Trichomonas vaginalis with reduced sensitivity for metronidazole]. PMID- 6983661 TI - [Delayed apoplexy following ventricular puncture--a case report]. PMID- 6983663 TI - [Upper digestive tract hemorrhages. Study of 100 cases]. PMID- 6983662 TI - In-situ characterization of mononuclear cell infiltrates in lesions of multiple sclerosis. AB - The mononuclear cell infiltrates in autopsy material from brains and spinal cords of six patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were characterized in situ. Receptors for sheep erythrocytes and anti-T lymphocyte serum were used to identify T lymphocytes. Receptors for the activated third components of complement and for the Fc-portion of IgG (Fc gamma receptors) were used as markers for macrophages and lymphocytes. In acute and recent MS lesions, perivascular infiltrates of mononuclear cells were commonly found. Most cells were T lymphocytes. Some B lymphocytes were also demonstrated. The demyelinating lesions contained large numbers of lipid macrophages expressing Fc gamma receptors. The lipid macrophages are probably derived from microglial cells. The chronic, demyelinated lesions contain a few mononuclear cells, mainly B lymphocytes and plasma cells. PMID- 6983664 TI - Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in an adult. PMID- 6983665 TI - [Medico-legal problems related to implant prosthetics]. PMID- 6983666 TI - [Various reconstructive problems in maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 6983667 TI - [Action of various antibiotics in the treatment of dental infections]. PMID- 6983668 TI - [Toxicity of mercury vapors]. PMID- 6983669 TI - [Usefulness of skin tests, as a presurgical test, for 2 local anesthetics (Xylocaine and Carbocaine) in allergic patients]. PMID- 6983670 TI - [Scope and limits of pharmaceutical prescriptions in the practice of dentistry and prosthetic dentistry]. PMID- 6983671 TI - [Rationale of didactic practice in undergraduate education]. PMID- 6983672 TI - [Professional ergonomics for the undergraduate dental student]. PMID- 6983673 TI - [Clinico-microbiological evaluation of the anti-plaque efficacy of 2 dentifrices]. PMID- 6983674 TI - [Surgical treatment of posttraumatic endophthalmitis]. PMID- 6983675 TI - [Hereditary familial corneal dystrophies]. PMID- 6983676 TI - [Immunoglobulin content and T cell activity in the rosette test during immunotherapy of hay fever]. PMID- 6983677 TI - [Clinico-immunological and epidemiological characteristics of acute viral hepatitis in children in the first 3 years of life]. PMID- 6983678 TI - [Growth hormone deficiency in chronic histiocytosis (histiocytosis X). Apropos of 3 cases in children]. PMID- 6983679 TI - The ulcus-syndrome in cod (Gadus morhua). V. Prevalence in selected Danish marine recipients and a control site in the period 1976--1979. AB - The ulcus-syndrome in cod occurred in marine recipients receiving effluents from sugar and cellulose factories. The mean percentages in the years 1976--77 were for Koge, Assens and Nykobing F. 10.8%, 31.5%, and 7.4%, respectively, while two among 4,211 were affected at the control site, Hundested (Fig. 2). The disease was most prevalent in autumn (Fig. 3) and the primary stages 1 and 2 with papules and erosions were dominating (Fig. 4). One to two year old cod were most frequently attacked by the diseases, but without any significant decrease in condition factor. On the contrary fish with traumatic injuries had a significant lower condition factor than controls (Table II and III). During autumn's 1976-79, 19,238 cod were examined. The mean values for the prevalence of the ulcus syndrome in Koge, Assens and Nykobing F. were 12.5%, 41%, and 8%, respectively, while the variations were from 4-20%, 20-48%, and 0-17%, respectively. The problem was negligible at the control site (Table IV). The discussion concerns some aspects that might be of importance for evaluating this pathobiological parameter for use in biological effects monitoring. PMID- 6983680 TI - [Role of bacterial polyclonal activators in autoimmunity]. AB - Polyclonal activation of lymphocytes constitutes a non-specific stimulation resulting in the production and secretion by these cells of biologically active molecules, including antibodies. Polyclonal activation of human and animal lymphocytes can be observed, usually in vitro, with many active macromolecules of bacterial origin (surface constituants or excreted compounds). It is a complex phenomenon which may involve several cell populations (B-lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, macrophages, etc.) and numerous mediators (lymphokines, monokines, etc.). An ever increasing collection of data suggests that polyclonal activators induce the synthesis of a variety of antibodies directed against the host (auto antibodies). The relationship between auto-immune diseases and the presence of polyclonal activators in situ is discussed. PMID- 6983682 TI - The bacteriology and cytology of chronic otitis media with effusion. AB - The bacteriology and cytology of middle ear effusion from 729 children with persistent otitis media with effusion were studied. Thirty-five percent of these chronic effusions were culture-positive. Type b and non-type b Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria sp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the predominant isolates. Serous and mucoid effusion cultures yielded bacteria more often in younger than in older children. In addition bacteria were seen in 17% of the Gram-stained smears of the sterile effusions; Gram-positive cocci predominated in these effusions. Disparate effusion culture results were obtained in 32% of bilateral otitis media cases. Effusions which yielded H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae on culture had more polymorphonuclear leukocytes than did effusions which yielded S. epidermidis or Neisseria or were sterile. Phagocytic cells were equally prevalent in sterile effusions with or without bacteria on Gram stain. Phagocytic cells were seen less often in mucoid effusions from antibiotic-treated patients than in mucoid effusions from untreated patients. The results suggest that certain bacteria in chronic middle ear effusion contribute to the pathogenesis of this condition by eliciting a local inflammatory cell response. PMID- 6983683 TI - The increasing prevalence of bacteremic ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae infections in a community hospital. PMID- 6983681 TI - Purification and properties of the Hpa I methylase. AB - The purification and catalytic properties of the homogeneous Hpa I methylase is described. The enzyme exists as a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 37,000 +/- 2,000 was shown by sedimentation equilibrium and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The Hpa I methylase transfers methyl groups of S-adenosylmethionine to adenine present in the recognition sequence d(G-T-T-A-A*-C), A* is the N6 methyl adenosine. An average of 2.1 methyl groups per recognition site are transferred by the Hpa I methylase. PMID- 6983684 TI - Physiological changes in rat hypothalamic CRF: circadian, stress and steroid suppression. AB - Hypothalamic CRF-like immunoreactivity was measured in the a.m. and p.m., after systemic dexamethasone administration or after either stress in adult male rats. Measurement of plasma corticosterone levels revealed the expected circadian rhythmicity, suppression after dexamethasone administration and increase after ether stress. The hypothalamic content of CRF-like immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in the p.m. and after dexamethasone administration. However, no change in hypothalamic CRF-like immunoreactivity was observed after ether stress. The results are consistent with an increased release in the p.m. and decreased synthesis of hypothalamic CRF after systemic dexamethasone administration. The observation that there is no change in content of hypothalamic CRF-like immunoreactivity after ether stress could be due to the fact that the animals were stressed by handling. The results show that this immunoreactivity present in the hypothalamus is altered by changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and thus suggest that this peptide is a physiologically significant CRF in the rat. PMID- 6983685 TI - Distribution of CRF-like immunoreactivity in the rabbit. AB - CRF-like immunoreactivity was measured by radioimmunoassay in the brains and gastroenteropancreatic tract of normal rabbits. It was detected in the brain, with the highest concentration being found in the ventral hypothalamus. The distribution of immunoreactivity was much more limited in the rabbit brain than in the rat brain, with substantial amounts of peptide detected only in areas of close proximity to the hypothalamus, e.g., thalamus, preoptic area, midbrain and amygdala. In addition, the extrahypothalamic immunoreactivity was slightly retarded on Sephadex G-50 chromatography relative to rat CRF-like immunoreactivity and synthetic ovine CRF. No apparent CRF-like immunoreactivity was detected in boiling water extracts of lung, pancreas, duodenum or antrum. These data in conjunction with a previous repeat of void volume immunoreactivity on Sephadex G-50 only in the hypothalamus suggest that CRF is synthesized only in the hypothalamus and is not a member of the class of peptides found throughout the gastroenteropancreatic tract and the central nervous system. PMID- 6983686 TI - Persistent gastrointestinal bleeding successfully treated with aminocaproic acid. PMID- 6983687 TI - Advances in antibiotics. PMID- 6983689 TI - [Clinico-immunologic evaluation of the effect of decaris (levamisole) in chronic lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 6983688 TI - Advances in isotope imaging. PMID- 6983690 TI - [Determination of active T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood by the AE rosette test. Correlation of the AE and E rosette tests with lymphocyte reactivity in vitro after PHA stimulation]. AB - AE rosette test (Wybran and Fudenberg) detects T lymphocyte subpopulation and correlates with cellular immunity. In this study we found decreased percentage of active T lymphocytes mainly in peripheral blood of newborns, in children with frequent infections and with malabsorption syndrome. We tried to correlate AE and E rosette tests with PHA lymphocyte reactivity in vitro in 231 patients. We found that decreased PHA lymphocytes reactivity better correlates with decreased percentage of active T lymphocytes than with total number of T lymphocytes. Active rosette test (AE) can be usefull in evaluation of cellular immunity in children. PMID- 6983691 TI - [Prodigiozan therapy and its role in correcting immunologic reactivity in children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6983694 TI - Studies on a neuronal-like transport system for serotonin in two cell lines. PMID- 6983693 TI - Leukemia-derived growth factor (non-interleukin 2) produced by a human malignant T lymphoid cell line. AB - A growth factor was found in the supernatants of MOLT-4f, a cell line derived from acute T lymphoblastic leukemia. This factor, which we designated leukemia derived growth factor from MOLT-4f (LDGF-M4), is different from interleukin 2. LDGF-M4 has features of a polypeptide with a molecular weight in the range of 5,000-15,000, as indicated by gel diffusion chromatography. LDGF-M4 does stimulate MOLT-4f and at least two other T cell lines that do not respond to interleukin 2. Because MOLT-4f cells produce and respond to LDGF-M4, this factor may contribute to the independence of MOLT-4f and related T leukemia cell lines. PMID- 6983695 TI - Cell physiological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. AB - Ovarian and body cavity eggs from R. temporaria were exposed to radiofrequency (rf) electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 10-27 MHz with specific absorption rates (SAR) up to 800 W/kg. The effect of the exposure was investigated by measurement of the water-related cell physiological parameters, isotopic and osmotic water membrane permeability and density of the egg cells. Only the osmotic water permeability, Pf, of ovarian eggs was significantly altered. A decrease of about 30% was seen for SARs of 50 W/kg and exposure times up to 2 h. Tests ruled out that the effect was due to temperature increase during the exposure. The observed decrease of Pf was most likely due to cloudy swelling of the egg cytoplasm resulting from the rf irradiation. PMID- 6983692 TI - A T15-idiotype-positive T suppressor hybridoma does not use the T15 VH gene segment. AB - The T suppressive factor (TsF) released from a T15-idiotype-positive phosphocholine (PCho)-specific T hybridoma, F18-3-4, which was formed by fusion between BALB/c T cells and BW5147 thymoma, was immunochemically characterized. TsF inhibited the in vitro induction of both IgE and IgG1 antibody responses of 2,4-dinitrophenyl keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH)-primed spleen cells in the presence of PCho-KLH-DNP. TsF had the ability to bind to PCho determinants and possessed T15 idiotype determinants as well as Iad products. However, we were unable to detect either the rearrangement of the T15 VH gene or the presence of T15 VH gene transcripts in hybridomas by DNA and RNA blot hybridization analyses with the T15 VH DNA probe. PMID- 6983696 TI - Elimination of medial prefrontal cortex self-stimulation following transection of efferents to the sulcal cortex in the rat. AB - Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) of the medial prefrontal cortex (MFC) was not affected by lesions of the medial forebrain bundle, the nucleus accumbens or medialis dorsalis. However, bilateral, parasagittal knife cuts that transected fibers interconnecting the medial and sulcal cortices eliminated ICSS from the MFC with no apparent recovery over a 21 day test period. Similar knife cuts produced only transient effects on lateral hypothalamic ICSS. These data suggest that the neural substrates of frontal cortex ICSS are very different than those that subserve ICSS along the medial forebrain bundle. PMID- 6983697 TI - Stress and immunity. PMID- 6983698 TI - [Determination of lymphocyte subpopulation at radiation therapy]. PMID- 6983700 TI - Computed tomographic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract in diseases other than primary adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6983702 TI - [RCT image study by angular interval of sampling]. AB - A multi-purpose gamma camera system which had 2 detectors of opposed position and was capable of radionuclide computed tomography (RCT) imaging was installed in Division of Nuclear Medicine, Chiba Cancer Center Hospital. In this study, the variance of RCT image due to the angular interval of sampling was analyzed. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) and full width at tenth maximum (FWTM) of point source were almost same for all sampling intervals investigated. The distortion of RCT images with uniform activity source could not be detected even for larger intervals. When the RCT images were obtained using a phantom contained 3 line sources and a bar phantom for RCT which were located at right angle with the plane of reconstruction, the images did not change between 1 degrees and 6 degrees of sampling interval, but for 9 degrees or more the distortion of images occurred explicity. For our system, sampling interval of 2 degrees was predicted from the theorectical calculation considering both resolution and statistical noise. But, results from the phantom studies of present work showed that sampling interval of 6 degrees was sufficient to reconstruct RCT images without distortion, and could be applicable to dynamic RCT images. PMID- 6983701 TI - [Abnormalities and changes in the T and B lymphocyte count and blood proteins in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome]. PMID- 6983703 TI - [67Ga-emission computed tomography in bronchogenic carcinoma--a comparative study with conventional scintigraphy--]. AB - Both conventional 67Ga scintigraphy and 67Ga emission computed tomography (ECT) were performed in 36 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma to evaluate clinical significance of 67Ga-ECT as an adjunctive method. Each patient received 111 approximately 185 MBq (3 approximately 5 mCi) of 67Ga-citrate intravenously. A rotation gamma camera (Shimadzu LFOV-E) was used for ECT study, and a gamma camera (Searle LFOV) was used for conventional scintigraphy. The detectability of 67Ga scintigraphy with ECT in primary tumors and regional lymph node metastases was compared retrospectively with that of conventional 67Ga scintigraphy alone. There was little improvement in detection of primary and metastatic lesions by adding 67Ga-ECT. Only 3 primary tumors were demonstrated more distinctly by 67Ga ECT. However, there was no lesion which was detected only by 67Ga-ECT. Our data indicate that inclusion of 67Ga-ECT in the routine examination is unnecessary in cases with bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 6983699 TI - New techniques in radionuclide imaging of the alimentary system. PMID- 6983704 TI - [Heart conduction disorders following myocardial revascularization. Study of 220 cases]. PMID- 6983705 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: description of a personal roster of 24 cases]. PMID- 6983706 TI - Diagnostic vitrectomy. AB - The histopathologic and cytopathologic study of ocular fluids obtained for diagnostic purposes is presented. The analysis of fluid specimens with millipore filter, celloidin bag-cell block, and transmission electron microscopy techniques has proved to be effective for establishing and confirming clinical diagnoses. Diagnostic vitrectomy can be readily used to evaluate such conditions as intraocular tumors, lens and blood-induced glaucoma, inflammatory conditions, amyloidosis, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), epithelial ingrowth, and tractional vitreoretinal membranes. PMID- 6983707 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies in autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6983708 TI - [Association of lupus erythematosus and silicosis]. PMID- 6983709 TI - HLA-B27 in possible ankylosing spondylitis with peripheral arthritis. AB - Among 86 patients selected as possibly having ankylosing spondylitis because of clinical symptoms and radiologically normal sacroiliac joints. HLA-B27 was positive in 41%. Four years later a representative sample of 38 individuals were re-examined and radiographed. HLA-B27 positive patients developed sacroiliitis as defined by radiological criteria twice as often (P less than 0.05). They also showed increased uptake of technetium 99 m upon quantitative scintigraphy with a region of interest method and more often probable or definite ankylosing spondylitis as defined by the New York criteria. Further differences between the HLA-B27 positive and negative follow-up groups concerned the frequency of clinical symptoms and peripheral arthritis. It is suggested that HLA-B27 typing may be helpful both in diagnosis and in judging the prognosis of possible or abortive ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6983710 TI - Interleukin 1 activity in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The synovial fluids (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated for their effects on thymocytes of C3H/HeJ mice. Of the 20 SF tested, 17 (85%) showed an augmentation of the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induced thymocyte stimulation. Out of 16 SF of patients with osteoarthrosis, such an activity was detected in only one (6.25%). Further characterisation of the amplification factor revealed that (1) the SF of RA patients augmented both the PHA and the Concanavalin A response of the thymocytes (2) in the absence of mitogens, SF-treated thymocytes showed an increased uptake of 3H-thymidine, (3) the SF did not propagate the growth of an interleukin 2 dependent ovalbumin specific T cell clone, but (4) the SF were found to be required for optimal interleukin 2 release by spleen cells stimulated with suboptimal doses of lectin. Based on these biological effects the factor in the SF of RA patients is suggested to represent an interleukin 1 (IL-1). IL-1 produced in cultures by activated macrophages has been shown to stimulate T and B cell functions and to induce the production of collagenase and prostaglandins by cultured synovial cells. Both properties of IL-1 could be relevant in the pathogenesis of RA. PMID- 6983712 TI - [Histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6983713 TI - [Homeopatic medicine in dentistry (III)]. PMID- 6983711 TI - In vitro synthesis of immunoglobulins and IgM-rheumatoid factor by blood mononuclear cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In vitro synthesis of IgG, IgM and IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) was investigated in unstimulated and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated 7-day cultures of blood mononuclear cells (BMC) from 28 seropositive patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in a second group of 13-day cultures from 94 unselected rheumatoid patients, and in 21 healthy controls. Both normal and rheumatoid BMC cultures synthesized IgM-RF in response to PWM stimulation. Mitogen-induced stimulation was shown to be dependent on the presence of T lymphocytes. PWM-induced IgM and IgM-RF synthesis were reduced in BMC from rheumatoid patients in comparison with healthy controls. However, the fraction of IgM-RF in the total IgM synthesized was significantly higher in the RA supernatants than in the controls, suggesting the presence of a larger precursor B-cell population committed to IgM-RF synthesis in those cultures. BMC from 44 of the 94 patients demonstrated spontaneous synthesis of IgM-RF, and this was positively correlated with disease activity and rheumatoid factor titer. Spontaneous production was shown to reside in the T-lymphocyte depleted, adherent cell-depleted, B-cell subpopulation. It is concluded that in active RA there is a specific activation and expansion of the circulating B-cell subpopulation committed to IgM-RF synthesis, possibly due to abnormal immunoregulatory mechanisms modulating synthesis of this antibody. PMID- 6983714 TI - On the concurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis and intestinal villous atrophy. PMID- 6983715 TI - In vitro cytotoxicity of mouse macrophages activated by coculture with syngeneic sarcoma cells. AB - Normal resident peritoneal macrophages from C3D2 (C3H/Tif X DBA/2) F1 mice were activated in vitro by culturing with semisyngeneic tumour cells. The tumour cells originated from a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma (MC1M) growing in vivo in ascites form. Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was evaluated after 5 days of in vitro culture, using five different target cells. Semisyngeneic (L 929), allogeneic (B16 melanoma), and xenogeneic (HeLa) tumour cell lines and normal allogeneic fibroblast cell lines (3T3, 3T6) were tested. The morphology and kinetics of the cytotoxicity reaction were studied by scanning electron microscopy and compared with release of radioactivity from 14C-thymidine-labelled target cells. The activated macrophages were able to kill the semisyngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic tumour cell lines tested under conditions that did not affect normal fibroblasts. The requirement for T cells during activation of the macrophages was also tested. The cytotoxicity decreased markedly when T cells were removed from the macrophage cultures before activation or when macrophages from nude mice were used in the experiments. PMID- 6983716 TI - Health care for rheumatic disorders in a Swedish county. AB - Utilization of rheumatological care by individual patients was studied in a Swedish county at all levels of the health care system. Calculated per population at risk, 0.6--0.8% per year were seen for rheumatoid arthritis. Of these, 35--81% were patients at the rheumatology department, varying according to distance of residence from the university hospital. The number of patients with other inflammatory diseases was, however, larger in primary care than in the specialist department. Only a minor part of the total care for rheumatic disorders (Chapt. XIII of ICD) in the county was provided by the rheumatology department. Back disorders constituted the largest diagnostic group of rheumatic disorders in primary care. During a period of one year a total of 12--14% of the population had contact with primary care, of the district hospital and/or the rheumatology department, because of rheumatic disorders. The results show the value of epidemiological studies to follow the development of and to define the future objectives of rheumatological care. PMID- 6983718 TI - Electrical treatment of spasticity. Reflex tonic activity in hemiplegic patients and selected specific electrostimulation. PMID- 6983717 TI - Chlamydial infection in a family. AB - In a family comprising parents and two daughters, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) was observed to be the infective agent causing urethritis in the father and conjunctivitis in the newborn. CT was probably a trigger factor in Reiter's syndrome (RS) in the mother, who suffered from arthritis, microscopic pyuria and hematuria, cervicitis and ocular manifestations. The elder daughter's mucocutaneous manifestations, probably keratodermia blennorrhagica, broke out simultaneously with chlamydial infections in the other members of the family. Later she developed joint pains, conjunctivitis and vulvitis. The elder daughter and the father are HLA-B27 negative, whereas the mother is HLA-B27 positive. With this study we would like to emphasize the importance of observing the microbial environment in the family in the etiology of rheumatic disease. Simultaneous treatment of infections in family members might benefit the clinical course of rheumatic disease. PMID- 6983719 TI - The value of dorsal column stimulation in multiple sclerosis. AB - Ten patients with definite and one with probable MS, all markedly inflicted, but with a varying degree of motor and bladder dysfunction were subjected to spinal cord stimulation in a controlled study. None of the patients exhibited appreciable fluctuation in symptoms in the pre-study period. Bladder symptoms were most markedly influenced by electrical stimulation. The reduction in hesitancy and urgency was of great importance to the patients. In 9 of 10 patients reduction in voiding frequency took place, the all over reduction being 8%. Maximum extension torque increased by 9% and flexion torque by 29% during the stimulation when compared to the first placebo period. In selected MS patients, i.e. patients with bladder dysfunction and with a certain muscular reserve, electrical spinal cord stimulation may have an indication. PMID- 6983720 TI - Occurrence of atopic diseases in three generations. AB - The incidence of asthma, hay fever and atopic dermatitis was assessed in three generations in 2820 families by a questionnaire. 35% of the families were atopic when the histories of parents and grandparents were included. 64% of atopic children had atopy in probands and the corresponding figure for non-atopic individuals was 31%. The highest prevalence of atopy was found in the parents' generation (13.5%) but it did not differ significantly from that of children (10.8%) when compared with grandparents (7.6%). The results suggested an increasing prevalence of children's atopic dermatitis in Finland since the 1950s. The influence of heredity was apparent. Few geographical differences were observed. PMID- 6983721 TI - [Is the aorto-coronary bypass operation useful in patients with advanced coronary sclerosis and poor ventricular function?]. AB - The prognosis and long term results in 56 patients with coronary artery disease and impaired left ventricular function (EF less than or equal to 40%) who underwent aortocoronary bypass surgery (all cases) and aneurysmectomy (26 cases) between 1972 and 1980 were compared with those in 47 equally ill patients treated medically. Survival was significantly higher in the surgical than in the non surgical group, the survival rate being 80% and 58% respectively at 41 months after study entry (p = 0.012). No difference in survival was observed between grafted patients and patients in whom additional aneurysmectomy was performed. 26 patients were recatheterized postoperatively and this revealed an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction at rest from 33 +/- 5% to 44 +/- 11% (p less than 0.001) and a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 18 +/- 8 mm Hg to 14 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.025). Postoperatively the patients had less angina and physical working capacity increased. At restudy the average NYHA class had decreased in the surgical group from 2.9 +/- 0.7 to 2.1 +/- 0.9 (p less than 0.001) but was unchanged in the non-surgical group (2.6 +/- 0.6 and 2.6 +/- 0.7 respectively). It is concluded that aortocoronary bypass surgery improves survival, left ventricular function and symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease and severely impaired myocardial function. PMID- 6983722 TI - The development of maps and stripes in the brain. PMID- 6983726 TI - Ependymitis and arachnoiditis induced by intraventricular contrast media. PMID- 6983725 TI - Granulopoietic effects of factors produced by cultured human bone marrow fibroblastoid cells. AB - The functional relationships between bone marrow fibroblastoid cells, granulocyte macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) have been investigated in vitro. Cultured fibroblastoid cells neither produce CSF nor release a factor which increases the production of CSF by plastic-adherent colony stimulating cells (CSC). However, the presence of fibroblastoid cells in agar cultures containing performed CSF increases the plating efficiency of GM-CFC. The fibroblastoid cells seem to act either by increasing the stimulatory activity of CSF or by releasing a stimulatory factor in the presence of CSF. The sensitivity of the colony-forming cells to CSF was not modified by contact with the fibroblastoid stromal cells. Fibroblastoid cells themselves were required for demonstration of the enhancement of CSF since the effect could not be reproduced using supernatant medium from fibroblast cultures. Different effects were seen when supernatant media from fibroblastoid cultures were incorporated into agar cultures of GM-CFC or into liquid cultures of bone marrow cells. The culture supernatants contain soluble factors which inhibit the formation of granulocyte macrophage colonies in CSF-stimulated agar cultures and activities which increase the survival of GM-CFC in liquid cultures. The results suggest that stable long range and transient short-range influences of bone marrow fibroblastoid cells may be involved in the regulation of granulopoiesis. PMID- 6983724 TI - [Clinicoepidemiological study of the incidence of rheumatism among the adult population of Krasnoyarsk]. PMID- 6983728 TI - Choroid plexus papilloma of the cerebellopontine angle, with special reference to vertebral angiographic study. PMID- 6983727 TI - Coarctation of the frontal horns with acute distension of the trigones. PMID- 6983729 TI - [Localization method for the diagnosis of pathological jaw bone cavities]. PMID- 6983730 TI - [A preliminary study of transcutaneous nerve stimulation as a pain suppressor in dental treatment]. PMID- 6983723 TI - Portal hypertension: the present position. PMID- 6983731 TI - [Pain control by transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS)]. PMID- 6983732 TI - [Antibodies reacting with cardiac tissue in patients with rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6983733 TI - [Pathogenesis of erosive lesions of the gastric mucosa in acute kidney failure]. PMID- 6983734 TI - [Role of acute alcoholic and viral hepatites in evolution of chronic alcoholic liver diseases]. PMID- 6983735 TI - [Treatment of severe forms of viral hepatitis with injections of human leukocytic interferon]. PMID- 6983736 TI - [Effect of prolonged artificial ventilation of the lung on the state of local immunity]. PMID- 6983738 TI - [Mechanisms of cellular immunity in infectious diseases]. PMID- 6983737 TI - [Effect of drugs on immunohematological indices in vitro]. PMID- 6983739 TI - Activation of factor IX by factor XIa--a spectrophotometric assay for factor IX in human plasma. AB - The activation of Factor IX by partially purified Factor XIa was followed by active site titration, gelelectrophoresis and by a spectrophotometric assay. The assay is based on the finding that the rate of Factor X activation in the presence of phospholipid and Ca2+ is linear in time and proportional to the amount of Factor IXa present and can be determined with the chromogenic substrate S2222. Conditions were found that allowed complete activation of Factor IX in human plasma by Factor XIa. The amount of Factor IXa present in the plasma sample can be determined with the spectrophotometric assay and is proportional with the amount of plasma present. In plasma from patients receiving vitamin-K antagonists reduced Factor IX activity is found with the spectrophotometric assay and the new assay method may be useful in monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6983740 TI - Inhibition of human and rat platelet aggregation by extracts of Mo-er (Auricularia auricula). AB - Hot water extracts of Mo-er (1 gm by 15 ml of water), an oriental food (Auricularia auricula), inhibit strongly both human and rat platelet ADP-induced aggregation. HPLC analysis of two varieties of Mo-er, A. auricula and A. polytricha (a black tree fungus), shows that they contain adenosine (Ado), 133 and 154 micrograms per gram of dry fungus, respectively. The inhibition of ADP induced platelet aggregation by Mo-er extracts and by Ado was compared. Mo-er extracts caused a more rapid onset and a longer duration of inhibition that produced by equivalent amounts of Ado. Furthermore, Mo-er extract treated with adenosine deaminase to degrade the Ado retained the capacity to inhibit platelet aggregation. The inhibitory effects of Mo-er extracts of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation are greatly potentiated by the inhibitors of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase such as oxagrelate (phthalazinol) and papaverine. The inhibition of platelet aggregation is only partially blocked by 2',5'-dideoxy adenosine (DDA), an inhibitor of platelet adenylate cyclase and 5'-deoxy, 5' methylthioadenosine (MTA), an antagonist of ADO receptors. ADP-induced rat platelet aggregation is strongly inhibited by Mo-er extracts, but not by Ado. This inhibition is not reversed by either DDA or MTA. These findings indicate that Mo-er extracts contain an agent (or agents) in addition to Ado, that blocks platelet aggregation by a mechanism that does not involve the platelet cyclic AMP system. PMID- 6983741 TI - Fluid phase activation of Hageman factor (factor XII) in citrated human plasma by bromelain: an application to the indirect enzymatic assay for Hageman factor. PMID- 6983742 TI - T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against HBsAg-coated Chang cells in patients with chronic hepatitis: evidence for cytotoxicity mediated by delayed hypersensitivity T cell reaction. AB - T lymphocytes from 7 (21%) of 34 patients with chronic hepatitis showed positive cytotoxicity against HBsAg-coated Chang cells. This positivity was observed in HBsAg-negative patients having positive blast transformation responses to HBsAg, as well as in patients convalescing and recovered from acute B hepatitis. Levels of S-GPT in these patients were not different from those showing no cytotoxicity. T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against HBsAg-coated hepatocytes in HBsAg-negative patients thus may have no significant pathogenetic role in destruction of hepatocytes and may represent anamnestic response of sensitized T lymphocytes to HBsAg. Positive cytotoxicity against HBsAg-coated Chang cells was also found in 3 of 17 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis. All positive cases exhibited blast transformation responses to HBsAg and low HBsAg titers in their sera. Levels of S-GPT in these patients were significantly higher than in those showing no cytotoxicity, suggesting possible presence of T cell-mediated liver cell damage in these patients. T lymphocytes from asymptomatic HBsAg carrier showed no cytotoxicity to HBsAg-coated hepatocytes and no blast transformation responses of lymphocytes to HBsAg. From the results of the parallel occurrence of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and blast transformation responses to HBsAg, and of presence of lymphotoxin in the supernatant co-cultured HBsAg and cytotoxicity positive lymphocytes, it seemed likely that T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in our system might be mediated by lymphokine produced by T cells as a result of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in vitro. PMID- 6983743 TI - Loss of tolerance to thymus-donor strain antigens in nude mice bearing long-term allogeneic thymus grafts. AB - In contrast to lymph node cells from nonthymus gland-implanted nude mice, which failed to respond to foreign alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte reaction tests, lymph node cells from nude mice implanted with either syngeneic or allogeneic thymuses responded well following stimulation with third-party allogeneic cells from strains unrelated to the nude host or thymus-donor strain. Responses to thymus-donor strain alloantigens by lymph node cells from nude mice implanted with allogeneic thymuses were in part dependent upon the duration of the thymic implants; no responses were observed using cells from mice implanted 3 mth previously whereas the majority of experiments yield positive responses using cells from mice implanted 12 mth previously, suggesting a functional breakdown of the tolerant state with time post allogeneic thymus implantation. In no case were positive responses specific for the nude host strain observed. PMID- 6983744 TI - Enhancement of the in vitro colony-forming capacity of human T lymphocytes induced by levamisole. AB - The colony-forming capacity of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and of TG-depleted cell suspensions induced by PHA was investigated in the presence of different concentrations of levamisole. The results obtained demonstrate that: (1) the drug enhances significantly the number of colonies formed by both mononuclear cells and TG-depleted cells at concentrations ranging from 5 x 10(-6) to 5 x 10(-8 M; (2) this stimulatory activity results from a direct effect on T cells; and (3) adherent accessory cells are unaffected by the in vitro treatment with levamisole. PMID- 6983746 TI - Modification of thymocytes subsets during pregnancy analysed by flow microfluorometry: role of the alloantigenic status of the conceptus. AB - Modifications of thymus subsets during pregnancy were monitored using flow microfluorometry and fluorescein-labelled lectins or antibodies. Essentially, it was found that the percentage of peanut lectin-negative (PNA-) cells increased significantly during pregnancy. More interestingly, in the strains tested, the percentage of PNA- cells was more increased in allogeneic than syngeneic pregnancy. This PNA- increase could be mimicked by extracts from syngeneic placenta, but the largest increase in PNA- cells was always observed by injection of allogeneic placental extract, or syngeneic placental extract plus allogeneic cells. These findings suggest that the alloantigenic status of the conceptus does play a role in induction/maintenance of thymus involution, suggesting that it is not a mere hormonal phenomenon and that it could play a role in the events leading to the acceptance of the allogeneic conceptus by the maternal immune system. PMID- 6983745 TI - Thymic responses to antigen challenge. I. Tumor cells induced phenotypic and functional changes in vivo. AB - Thymocytes from mice bearing a footpad injection of 2 x 10(6) syngeneic tumor cells exhibited increased in vitro responsiveness to concanavalin A and allogeneic cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. A higher proportion of Thy 1 dull cells (assayed by flow microfluorometry) was seen among thymocytes taken from normal, or control injected mice, relative to tumor injected mice. Injection of culture supernatant from the tumor cells induced no phenotypic or functional shifts among thymocytes, nor was any evidence of viral gp70 antigen expression found in the thymocyte preparation. These findings support the notion that viruses or viral products are not involved in induction of these shifts; however, lymphokine production by host peripheral cells has not been ruled out. PMID- 6983747 TI - T lymphocytes and thymic hormone activity in pubertal gynecomastia. PMID- 6983748 TI - Evidence for an in vivo inflammatory role of interleukin 1 (IL 1). PMID- 6983750 TI - Unusual manifestations of tuberculosis in children. AB - Tuberculosis is still a major paediatric problem in many parts of Africa, and the diagnosis may be missed because of the unusual and varied clinical features in some children. This is illustrated by 5 cases which have been described who presented with (a) unilateral swelling of the leg associated with inguinal lymphadenopathy; (b) subcutaneous emphysema; (c) 'cystic lung' disease; (d) respiratory stridor and (e) abnormal behaviour. PMID- 6983749 TI - An epidemiological investigation of health risks related to solid waste salvage and recycling in an Egyptian community. AB - This is the first report of an epidemiological cross-sectional study of solid waste scavengers, called Zabaline, in Egypt. The Zabaline communities provide an important solid waste collection service throughout Egypt's urban sector. Their economic viability depends entirely on salvaging solid waste for recycling. Intestinal parasites were common among the Zabaline examined; 48% were found with one or more protozoan or helminth infections. Either Schistosoma haematobium or S. mansoni or both infections were found in 19% of the sample although there was an apparent lack of a local transmission focus. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most frequently seen parasite (26.0%) and Entamoeba histolytica was seen infrequently (1.6%). Physical hazards of sorting solid waste was assessed and general illness occurring during the previous month recorded. Estimates of infant mortality showed elevated measures (IMR = 205/1000). The results indicate a need for the improvement of environmental conditions and health care in the Zabaline community and suggest that other similar scavenger groups may be at risk as well. PMID- 6983752 TI - [Leiomyoma in the small intestine. Recurrent rectal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6983753 TI - Positron imaging of the normal brain--regional patterns of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. PMID- 6983754 TI - Positron emission computed tomography (PECT) in refractory complex partial seizures. PMID- 6983751 TI - Immunogenicity of Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6 mice. I. Tumor-associated antigen(s) in peripheral blood, thymus and spleen of tumor-bearing mice. AB - Some aspects of the immunogenicity of the Lewis lung (3LL) carcinoma in C57BL/6 mice are reported. Immediately after i.m. tumor transplant, and for approximately 24 h, tumor antigens were found in the blood stream. They were observed again on the 5th-6th day, when circulating tumor cells could also be noticed. Soluble immune complexes were detected in the blood sera of tumor-bearing mice from the 11th day, indicating that the host had reacted to the neoplastic antigen stimulation with immunoglobulin synthesis. Furthermore, tumor antigens were observed on some circulating lymphocytes, as well as in the thymus and in the spleen. In spleen sections, atypical mitoses also showed the presence of tumor cells. We obtained the in vitro binding of 3LL-antigens, present in 3 M KCl solubilized extracts, to normal T lymphocytes prepared from healthy C57BL/6 mice. The possibility that circulating T lymphocytes aspecifically bind tumor antigens, carrying them to the thymus, is discussed. PMID- 6983755 TI - Chronic familial cerebral vasculopathy with peripheral blood lymphocyte abnormalities. PMID- 6983756 TI - Human cerebral metabolism studied during limitation in sensory inputs. PMID- 6983757 TI - Positron emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of dementia. PMID- 6983758 TI - [The surgeon's procedure in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhages of tumor etiology]. AB - The authors observed 353 patients with acute gastro-intestinal hemorrhages of tumorous etiology. It was shown that modern methods of diagnosis could reveal the correct cause and localization of the source of hemorrhage in 97.5% of patients and objectively estimate the degree of blood loss. The individual methods of treatment enabled the general lethality to be reduced to 29.8% and after radical operations to 7.5%. PMID- 6983759 TI - Symposium on fluid and electrolyte balance. PMID- 6983761 TI - Disorders of sodium metabolism. PMID- 6983760 TI - Disorders of water metabolism. PMID- 6983762 TI - Disorders of potassium metabolism. PMID- 6983764 TI - General principles of fluid therapy. PMID- 6983765 TI - Fluid therapy for gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and hepatic disorders. AB - Patients with gastrointestinal, hepatic, or pancreatic disease frequently require parenteral fluid therapy. The selection of the type and amount of fluid for administration should be based on a knowledge of physiologic derangements and the controlling mechanisms. Table 4 provides suggested replacement fluids and supplements for each disease. It must be remembered, however, that individual "tailoring" is required for each case. In addition to an expert knowledge of pathophysiology, monitoring of the patient's weight, fluid losses, serum electrolyte, and acid-base status is necessary for successful fluid therapy. In veterinary medicine the most common cause of inadequate fluid therapy is a deviation in the amount of fluid that the patient receives from the intended amount that may have been ever so carefully calculated. PMID- 6983766 TI - Fluid therapy for renal disorders. PMID- 6983767 TI - Fluid and electrolyte management of the cardiac patient. PMID- 6983763 TI - Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. PMID- 6983768 TI - Fluid therapy in hypotensive shock. PMID- 6983769 TI - Intravenous catheters. PMID- 6983770 TI - Effect of serum on lymphocyte blastogenesis. I. Basic characteristics of action by diseased dog serum. AB - The immunoregulatory effect of serum on phytomitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis was studied in 4 sera from diseased dogs and 1 serum from a clinically healthy dog. The results indicated that: (1) Each of the diseased animals responded to the given infection with a specific pattern of blastogenesis inhibition. (2) The blastogenesis suppression in vitro was proportional to the content of the suppressive serum in the medium. (3) A simultaneous presence of the mitogen and the suppressing "serum's lymphocyte immunoregulatory factors" (SLIF) was necessary for inducing blastogenesis suppression. (4) The suppressive sera most probably acted directly on the cells. (5) The final effect of the sera on lymphocyte blastogenesis was a result of an orchestrated action of blastogenesis-supporting, augmenting, and suppressing SLIF cooperating with the mitogen. (6) The suppressive pattern varied with the individual peripheral blood lymphocytes populations used in the test. (7) The blastogenesis-suppressing SLIF was heat-stable, noncytotoxic, and was not or only partially removable by absorption with peripheral blood lymphocytes. (8) The testing of SLIF activities required the use of various animal lymphocytes and a relatively complex setup of mitogens and control serum combinations for correct interpretations. PMID- 6983771 TI - [Classification of hemorrhoids]. PMID- 6983772 TI - [System of assessing the functional state of ischemic heart disease patients using therapeutic physical exercise after an aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6983773 TI - [Effect of sinusoidal modulated currents on the cardiorespiratory system and physical work capacity of athletes]. PMID- 6983774 TI - [Combined treatment of the pain syndromes caused by a lesion of the trigeminal nerve system]. PMID- 6983775 TI - [Effect of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on chemical composition of the rat bone tissue during hypokinesia]. AB - Severe hypokinesia in rats, maintained on rations with the Ca:P ratios from 1:0,5 to 1:3, was accompanied by hypocalcemia, osteoporosis and a slight increase in kidney carcinosis. Decrease in phosphorus consumption (Ca:P = 1:0,5 - 1:1) enabled to prevent these impairments in the intact animals and led to an increase in the rate of bone tissue mineralization in hypokinesia. An excessive utilization of phosphorus (Ca:P = 1:3) caused hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and a slight osteoporotic destructions in bone tissue of intact animals increasing the severity of these impairments in hypokinesia. 24,25-Dihydroxycalciferol (24,25 (OH)2D3) at a daily dose 1.25 micrograms per an animal inhibited the osteoporotic destructions, stimulating mineralization of the diaphyses and epiphyses and corrected the hypocalcemia in rats under conditions of hypokinesia. 24,25 (OH)2D3 at the dose used did not increase nephrocalcinosis as well as did not exhibit a toxic effect, estimated in hypokinetic rats by alteration in body mass. PMID- 6983776 TI - [Passive binding of Ca2+ by fragments of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of frog skeletal muscles]. AB - A calcium binding characteristics of outside and inside vesicles as well as effects of K+, Mg2+, and acetylcholine cation on the calcium binding were studied in fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SRF), isolated from frog femoral and abdominal muscles; high permeability of the preparations for Ca2+ was produced by incubation with I mM EDTA (pH 8-8.5) or with 5-10 microM ionophor X587A. Three types of Ca2+ binding were observed in the both SRF preparations: two of them exhibited the specific binding with high (K1) and low (K2) affinity and one type of unspecific binding with low affinity (Kunsp). The number of sites (n- nmol of Ca2+/mg of SRF protein) and dissociation constants (K microM) were the following SRF from abdominal muscle--n1 120, (K(1)15); n2 190, (K(2)135); Nunsp 650, (Kunsp 1625); SRF from femoral muscle--n(1)80, (K(1)64); n(2)265, (K(2)189); nunsp 500, (Kunsp 2240). The specific binding of Ca2+ in the SRF preparations was unaltered under physiological conditions in presence of KC1 0.1 M and MgCl2 1 mM if acetylcholine was added at concentration 10 mM, but the Ca2+ binding was completely inhibited at concentration 20 mM of acetylcholine. The unspecific Ca2+ binding was already inhibited at low concentrations of acetylcholine. PMID- 6983778 TI - [Antiproteolytic activity of the blood in patients with lung cancer]. PMID- 6983779 TI - [Vitamin A: stimulation of immunity in lung cancer patients]. PMID- 6983777 TI - [Comparative evaluation of biological activity of 1 alpha,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in rats]. AB - Deficiency of vitamin D in rats led to impairment of Ca2+ absorption in intestine, hypocalcemia, decrease in specific weight of femur diaphyses, decrease in content of Ca2+ and in the ratio Ca2+/hydroxyproline in diaphyses and epiphyses. These patterns were normalized after daily administration of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) at a dose of 500 ng (20 IU) into rats within 5 days. I alpha, 25-dihydroxycalciferol at a daily dose of 30 ng stimulated absorption of Ca2+ in intestine, increased the specific weight of diaphyses and content of Ca2+ in diaphysis, but content of Ca2+ in blood and epiphyses was not normalized. Increase in 1,25 (OH)2D3 dose up to 300 ng caused a decrease in the rate of mineralization of diaphyses and epiphyses with simultaneous elevation of the Ca2+ content in blood. 24, 25-dihydroxycalciferol at a dose of 250 ng stimulated effectively both diaphyses and epiphyses mineralization, at the same time the effect was also maintained after 10-fold increase of the dose. PMID- 6983780 TI - [Effect of vitamin D2 and 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on bone tissue in rats with femoral fractures]. AB - Formation of the callus at the site of a femoral fracture in rats without vitamin D deficiency is accompanied by an increase in the specific mass and mineralization of the unaffected pair bone, which indicates general intensification of the processes of mineralization occurring in the skeleton during fractures. Vitamin D deficiency leads to hypocalcemia, retardation of callus mineralization, and drastic demineralization of the intact thighbone thus pointing to pathological enhancement of skeleton resorption as the main source of calcium required for covering bodily requirements. Like vitamin D2 in a dose of 0.300 microgram, administration of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha-HCD3) in a dose of 0.025 microgram daily to rats with femoral fractures kept on the vitamin D-deficient diet provides for effective calcium homeostasis maintenance and mineralization of the callus and unaffected bones. This demonstrates high biological activity of 1 alpha-HCD3 and its efficacy in promoting the processes of mineralization during fractures. The increase in the phosphorus content in the diet until the calcium/phosphorus ratio reaches 1:2 (instead of the optimal 1:1), aggravates hypocalcemia and sharply enhances demineralization of the intact bone in vitamin d-deficient rats with femoral fractures and reduces mineralization of the callus in rats given 1 alpha-HCD3. The data obtained indicate the necessity of reliable correction of potential vitamin D deficiency and optimization of the calcium-phosphorus ratio in the diet and preparations, as well as a possibility of applying 1 alpha-HCD3 in the combined treatment of fractures. PMID- 6983782 TI - [Functional indices of the individual members of the T and B immunity systems in peptic ulcer in the unstable remission stage]. PMID- 6983781 TI - [Features of cellular immunity of chronic lympholeukemia]. PMID- 6983783 TI - Pneumocystis lung disease in homosexual men. PMID- 6983784 TI - Early postoperative angiographic control of the Warren procedure in 40 patients. PMID- 6983785 TI - [The male breast tumor in a district city--a social, public health and epidemiological report]. PMID- 6983787 TI - [The spleen--still a puzzling organ?]. AB - The model of animal experiments developed in the sixties by the Erfurt investigation team of A. Sundermann, according to which autoimmunisation phenomena may be evoked in the rabbit by the application of warmth-alterated autologous blood cells, undergoes a repeated critical consideration on the basis of the modern knowledge of the nature of the autoimmunisation process. In this case must be stated that the importance of the spleen for the development of such processes is finally still unclear. The favourable therapeutical effects of a splenectomy observed in the model and also in clinical routine work cannot be explained sufficiently theoretically, particularly on the basis of the recent results of research concerning the cellular immune mechanisms. No doubt, it seems to be clear that the spleen is authoritatively responsible for the primary immune response, however it remains questionable, whether an isolated primary response is really existing, since on its part it already depends on T-lymphocytes which stimulate the secondary response. However, a splenectomy might be suitable theoretically--if at all--for the interruption of the immune process only in the stage of the primary reaction. In the complex process within the immune response with the various implications between B- and T-lymphocytes and the increasing knowledge of the counter-regulating humoral and cellular control mechanisms the picture of the importance of the spleen seeming to be more distinct in the intervening time becomes again more indistinct. Thus the spleen for the time being remains the enigmatical organ, as it was characterized by Sundermann already for more than ten years ago. PMID- 6983788 TI - Actinic cheilitis. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. PMID- 6983786 TI - [Preoperative risk evaluation for perioperative complications in patients with aortocoronary venous bypass operation]. PMID- 6983789 TI - [Role of aortocoronary bypass in the treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6983791 TI - [Immunopathology in foot and hand mycoses and their combined therapy using dekaris]. PMID- 6983790 TI - [Preoperative management of patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing aortocoronary by-pass]. PMID- 6983793 TI - Effect of vitamins on microbial production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger. AB - The effect of different concentrations of ascorbic acid, biotin, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), riboflavin and thiamine on the growth and activity of Aspergillus niger strain AL 29 was studied at different incubation periods. It was observed that ascorbic acid and PABA inhibited the growth and activity of the mould, while the presence of thiamine and riboflavin stimulated the citric acid formation to the extent of 59.09% and 50.36%, respectively. However, biotin was found to be most suitable for increasing the mycelial growth and also enhancing the production of citric acid (66.4%). PMID- 6983794 TI - [Activation of DNA synthesis in lymphocytes of guinea pigs induced by Staphylococcus antigens]. AB - The proliferative activity of lymphocytes in the spleen and the thymus of intact guinea pigs in response to protein A isolated from Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan-1, and the corpuscular antigens of Staphylococcus aureus, strains Cowan-1 and Wood-46, has been studied. All Staphylococcus aureus antigens have been shown to have mitogenic activity in respect of splenic cells and to exert no influence on the synthesis of DNA in thymic lymphocytes. The mitogenic effect of protein A on splenic lymphocytes depends on the content of immunoglobulins in the serum used as culture medium. The stimulating action of Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan-1, on splenic lymphocytes is more pronounced than that of strain Wood-46; this fact is mainly due to the presence of protein A in the cell wall of the former strain. The antigens used in this study are probably polyclonal mitogens for the splenic lymphocytes of intact guinea pigs. This fact is indirectly confirmed by the results of experiments on incorporation of 3H-thymidine into splenic lymphocytes during their cultivation together with some T and B-mitogens. PMID- 6983792 TI - [Immunological reactivity and the status of the internal organs in chronic recurrent true and microbial eczema]. PMID- 6983795 TI - [Duration of preservation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in the sputum and bronchial washings of patients with acute and chronic pneumonias]. AB - The study of 108 samples of pathological material stored in a common refrigerator revealed that S. pneumoniae survived, on the average, for 7.6 days in sputum samples and for 4.2 days in bronchial washings, while Haemophilus influenzae could be detected in these materials, on the average, only within 48 hours. After 24-hour storage at 4-8 degrees C pneumococci were detected in all sputum samples and in 88.2% of bronchial washings, H. influenzae was detected ins 85% of these samples; the concentration of the above-mentioned microorganisms in the pathological material stored at 4-8 degrees C for 24 hours decreased, on the average, by 2.3-2.6 lg per ml. PMID- 6983796 TI - [Changes in the immune response to T-dependent antigen in mice with localized staphylococcal infection]. PMID- 6983797 TI - [Effect of myoelectrostimulation on the status of peripheral hemodynamics in progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6983798 TI - [Myopathic syndrome and other neurologic disorders in familial pseudohypoparathyroidism]. PMID- 6983799 TI - Fine structure of dorsal root terminals in the dorsal horn of the frog spinal cord. AB - Dorsal root fibers were labelled with cobalt and their terminals were identified in an oval-shaped area and in its lateral extension of the dorsal horn. These areas receive mainly cutaneous afferents. A number of labelled terminals exhibited either an electron lucent and swollen, or an electron dense and shrunken form of degeneration. The majority of the labelled terminals could be classified into three groups. Type A terminals were small, less than 2 microns in diameter, and lightly stained. Type B terminals were larger and neurofilaments and an electron dense material resulted in a dark staining of the bouton. Type C terminals contained medium size granulated vesicles. The type A and type B terminals were frequently found in postsynaptic positions. The presynaptic profiles contained spheric or elliptic vesicles, or they exhibited the structural characters of presynaptic dendrites. Preterminal dorsal root fibers, identified on account of their cobalt label, were also found in postsynaptic positions to the same kinds of presynaptic profiles. It is concluded that cobalt labelling is sufficiently selective for a reliable identification of dorsal root terminals. No correlation was found between the different forms of degeneration and the different types of terminal boutons. The possible functional significance of the postsynaptic relation of dorsal root fibers and terminals to a variety of presynaptic profiles is discussed. PMID- 6983801 TI - Arteriovenous aneurysm of the lung. PMID- 6983800 TI - Simultaneous isolation and partial characterization of antithrombin III and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor from horse plasma. PMID- 6983803 TI - STI usefulness during isometric exercise in labile hypertensive patients. AB - Measurement of the left ventricular systolic time intervals (STI) was considered a valid method in demonstrating the presence of a state of beta-drenergic hyperstimulation. The authors used this method during isometric exercise to differentiate between a group of 16 normal subjects (N) and 16 random labile hypertensives (LH), and between the N and 16 fixed hypertensives (FH). Exercise resulted in a general shortening (p less than 0.01) of the STI, an increase (p less than 0.01) in the systolic arterial pressure (SAP), and an increase (p less than 0.01) in the heart rate (HR) in all the groups studied. The study also demonstrated that the state of blood pressure (diagnosis) alone does not significantly influence the course of the exercise test, and that the interaction diagnosis-exercise gives quantitatively different results in the three groups, to the extent that it is possible to recognize a specific polygraphic pattern for the LH. In this group there is a greater shortening of the Q--S2 and the non corrected LVET (p less than 0.01) than for the N. The behaviour for the FH falls between the other groups, but it is not possible to distinguish clearly between this group and its neighbour on either side. We conclude that the measurement of the STI during isometric exercise could be useful in determining a diagnostic pattern for subjects who show a lability in their blood pressure. PMID- 6983802 TI - Haemodynamic effects of carbochromen. AB - Carbochromen increases coronary flow and cardiac output. A previous study has advanced the hypothesis that the latter may be due to afterload reduction. Fourteen patients with coronary heart disease have now been studied by means of radionuclide angiocardiography. Gated blood pool angiocardiographic data were collected in basal conditions and, without moving the patient, 80 mg of carbochromen were administered i.v. Data were collected again, following infusion, during 3'-6'(1) and 7'-10'(2) periods. Changes in the following parameters have been evaluated: LV ejection fraction (EF), LV ejection rate (ER), system pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output index (CO), stroke volume index (SV), LV end-diastolic volume index (EDV), systemic vascular resistance index (SVR), regional LV wall motion. During period 1 a significant decrease was observed in BP and SVR, the other parameters remaining unchanged. During period 2 there was a significant increase in CO, SV, EF, ER and a significant decrease in SVR. BP was unchanged. No changes were ascertained in HR and EDV. Eight patients, in basal conditions, showed asynergy in the LAO projection. Three of these patients showed improved wall motion during period 2. A possible central action of carbochromen should be pointed out. This conclusion can be drawn by observing the increase in the pump indexes, while BP and SVR show a decrease and EDV and HR no change. The left ventricular wall motion improvement observed in some of the cases confirms the possibility that carbochromen is capable of improving cardiac contractility. This effect may follow the regional myocardial perfusion increase. PMID- 6983804 TI - Atrial refractoriness and spontaneous or induced atrial fibrillation. AB - Atrial refractoriness and vulnerability were studied in 10 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and in 12 age-matched normal subjects (N). Effective and functional refractory periods were measured at three sites of the right atrium: high, middle and low in the lateral wall, both in sinus rhythm and during atrial pacing (120/min). Twice threshold stimuli were applied. Dispersion of refractoriness (D) was measured as the longest minus the shortest refractory period. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was induced in 5 of the PAF; in each of these 5 only one atrial site proved vulnerable (middle in one case, low in the other 4). In every case the shortest refractory period was located at the vulnerable atrial site. In vulnerable patients coupling intervals only slightly different from those which induced AF determined an abrupt change in the atrial electrogram recorded at the vulnerable site, suggesting a modified and in some way abnormal behaviour of the atrial activation wave. At the same time the interval between the beginning of the electrogram at the vulnerable site and of that obtained by the electrode positioned near the A-V node lengthened, suggesting a lower conduction velocity of the atrial activation wave. PAF evidenced significantly higher refractoriness and D than did N during sinus rhythm. Atrial pacing significantly reduced refractoriness but not D, which remained significantly higher than that of N at the same driven frequency. In conclusion, lower cycle length (paced rhythm), a short refractory period and the possibility of delivering extrastimulus at shorter coupling intervals seem conditions favourable to the induction of irregular activation of atrial myocardium. The increased D might be connected to the particular pathophysiological condition of our patients. PMID- 6983805 TI - Synchronized and desynchronized sinus node activity. AB - In certain cases because of sinus arrhythmia and/or anarchic return and postreturn cycles caused by premature atrial stimulation, the sinoatrial conduction time cannot be calculated since a chaotic postextrasystolic pattern appears. We examined 49 patients with a history and ECG signs suggesting sinus node dysfunction by programmed extrastimulation method as proposed by Strauss et al. prior to and after pharmacologic autonomic blockade (with propranolol 0.2 mg/kg body weight and atropine sulfate 0.04 mg/kg intravenously). Patients with normal intrinsic heart rate (IHR) (n = 31) showed chaotic postextrasystolic responses in 38%, which in every case could be eliminated by autonomic blockade, resulting in a clear I and II phase with a well estimated intrinsic conduction time. Patients with pathologic IHR (n = 18) gave chaotic responses in 22% which after drug testing increased up to 72%. The chaotic postextrasystolic patterns are to be interpreted as the desynchronization of the sinus potentials, while plateau (phase II) as functional integrity, synchronized activity of the sinus node, dependent on the momentaneous balance of the autonomous tone, and on the integrity of the pacemaker cells. The desynchronized chaotic responses are considered on one hand as a dystonic neurovegetative electrophysiologic characteristic, on the other hand as a primary extrastimulation parameter of the intrinsic sinus node dysfunction. PMID- 6983806 TI - Evaluation of mitral stenosis by the study of the left ventricular diastolic phase. AB - The left ventricular relaxation period has been studied by digitized monodimensional echocardiography in 14 patients with symptomatic pure mitral stenosis and in 11 normal subjects. The maximal relaxation rate and the maximal circumferential relaxation rate differed significantly in both groups (p less than 0.001) with a marked reduction in the patients with mitral stenosis; it was, however, not possible to trace a significant correlation between mitral valve area and the indices of diastolic phase, excepted a slightly significant one for the mean relaxation rate (r = 0.7). In spite of the fact that these results show a delayed left ventricular filling in mitral stenosis, the correlation with the mitral valve area was poor and suggests that it is not satisfactory to estimate the left ventricular filling only by the variation of the ventricular transverse diameter, and that a more accurate evaluation of the mitral valve area should include, in addition to the measurement of the ventricular relaxation rate, at least an indirect estimation of the transmitral pressure gradient, for instance by Doppler echocardiography of the transmitral flow. PMID- 6983807 TI - Hypothyroidism and coronary heart disease. PMID- 6983808 TI - An investigation into cytotoxic mechanisms in type I diabetes mellitus. AB - T- and K-cell cytotoxic activity has been measured in groups of type I diabetic patients and comparable groups of healthy control subjects. The mean cytotoxic indices for T-cell activity were 0.72 for 13 type I diabetics and -2.38 for a control group. These values are not significantly different. K-cell cytotoxic activity was measured using both chicken red blood cells and Chang liver cells coated with appropriate xenogenic antibodies. Using the chicken red blood cell system the percentage specific chromium release was 55.3 for 17 type I diabetics and 50.0 for a control group. These values are not significantly different. Using the chicken red blood cell system the percentage specific chromium release was 55.3 for 17 type I diabetics and 50.0 for a control group. These values are not significantly different. Using the Chang liver cell system the percentage specific chromium release was 13.9 for 37 type I diabetics and 9.7 for a control group. This difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6983809 TI - Ototoxicity of netilmicin. AB - Ototoxicity and efficacy of netilmicin was evaluated in 76 consecutive patients with moderate to severe infections with Gram-negative rods and Staphylococcus aureus. Netilmicin alone was efficacious in 47 patients and in another 23 patients cure or improvement was seen with netilmicin combined with another antibiotic, usually penicillin. Therapeutic failure was seen in 4 cases, 2 of which were regarded as netilmicin failures. Vestibular function and hearing acuity was thoroughly examined by electronystagmography and audiometry. In spite of the extensive examination of the audiovestibular function it was possible to detect only one probable case of ototoxicity related to netilmicin, a reversible vestibular dysfunction. The importance of pre-therapeutic audiovestibular examination is stressed. PMID- 6983810 TI - Vestibulo-oculomotor disturbances in humans exposed to styrene. AB - Several reports indicate that disturbances of the vestibulo-oculomotor ability are a manifestation of the toxic action on the central nervous system exerted by some industrial solvents. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the vestibulo-oculomotor system during exposure to styrene, which is extensively used in the production of plastics. Healthy volunteers were exposed to styrene for one hour. Rotatory and optokinetic nystagmus, visual suppression as well as speed, latency and accuracy of saccades were tested before, during, and one hour after the exposure. The pulmonary uptake and the blood level of the solvent were continuously analysed by gas chromatography. The styrene blood concentration was equivalent to that which may well be reached after serveral hours of hard work in an industrial environment with a concentration of styrene within permitted limits. No spontaneous nystagmus appeared. The rotatory and optokinetic nystagmus was not influenced by styrene. However, the speed of the saccade was significantly enhanced. The visual suppression was disturbed, shown by an increased gain after styrene exposure. The experiments thus indicate that styrene given to healthy test persons induced disturbances, thus consistent with the theory that some organic solvents block the cerebellar inhibition of the vestibulo-oculomotor system. PMID- 6983811 TI - Clinical investigation of the efferent inhibition of the vestibular function. AB - We have investigated the modulation of nystagmus in homo by rotating dizzy patients with constantly increasing acceleration according to a certain computerized scheme or by oscillation with a triangular waveform. We found that the modulation varied greatly in different patients. We saw all variations between hyperreflexive patients, completely lacking inhibition and are flexive patients with a hyperactive inhibition which, however, could be broken by asking the patient to count backwards simultaneously. Habituation of hyperreflexive patients completely lacking their inhibition allowed a normal capacity to habituate. This indicates that there are two different inhibition systems, one fast, appearing during intensive nystagmus and showing a short duration, short time constant (STC), high gain and high reaction readiness, and another type, which is slow and habituating and coming first after iterated stimuli, having a long duration, long time constant (LTC), low initial gain and low reaction readiness. The first type seems to be initiated in higher centres, the second has its effect on the peripheral labyrinth. PMID- 6983812 TI - Open lung biopsy in children with diffuse pulmonary lesions. AB - During the period 1973-81, open lung biopsy was performed in 33 consecutive children, aged 1 month to 13 years, to exclude or diagnose Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and to differentiate other interstitial pulmonary lesions. Twenty-one of the patients were undergoing immunosuppressive treatment because of their malignant disease. The clinical diagnosis was correct only in 55% of the patients, but open lung biopsy and histological examination gave the final answer in every patient. Pneumocystis carinii was the causative organism in 67% of the immunosuppressed patients. Nine patients had postoperative complications, 5 of which were mild in nature and resolved spontaneously. Three patients had to be reoperated on for postoperative sequelae. There was one death possibly caused by surgical intervention--tension pneumothorax 10 days after surgery. It is concluded that open lung biopsy is the most reliable method in the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis in children. The need of anaesthesia is no contra-indication and the benefits of the biopsy far outweight the risks of its complications. PMID- 6983813 TI - Effect of certain pesticides on active sodium transport in the epithelium of isolated frog skin. AB - Investigations were carried out on the effects of several pesticides (Lindan, 2,4 D, p,p-Metoxychlor, Carbaryl, Monolinuron) on the transport ability of the plasma membrane. The experiments were done on isolated skin of the frogs Rana temporaria. The so called short-circuit current technique was used for quantitative evaluation of the transport activity in relation to sodium ions. The effect of the studied substances was studied during 3 hours after their addition to the medium on the external surface of frog skin after a preceding control period of 1-2 hours. A series of long-term experiments was performed also in which the animals were exposed to those pesticides for 14-20 days. The results of the acute experiments failed to demonstrate any significant effect of the studied substances on the plasma membrane, but some weak effects could have been observed in some experiments, at least. The results obtained in the long-term experiment showed that an effect on the plasma membrane could be postulated as regards 2,4-D and Carbaryl. It does not mean, however, that this effect is the only mechanism of the toxic action of these substances on the organism. PMID- 6983816 TI - Ethnic identity, religiosity, and youthful deviance: the Toronto Computer Dating Project--1979. PMID- 6983815 TI - Smoking and carbon monoxide levels during pregnancy. AB - Self-reports of smoking status and breath tests for carbon monoxide were collected in prenatal outpatients. The breath test for carbon monoxide appeared to be a valid and specific measure of smoking status during pregnancy. Of the 179 patients surveyed, 99 reported they had smoked during the present pregnancy. Nineteen of the smokers reported they had quit during the present pregnancy and 46 reported that they smoked fewer cigarettes than at the beginning of their pregnancy. Most of the quitters and reducers stated that they had stopped or reduced their intake early in pregnancy and for pregnancy-related reasons; however, neither parity, nausea or vomiting, marital status, nor requests of physicians or family were associated with higher rates of smoking cessation or reduction. Most of the pregnant smokers were interested in stopping smoking, but few attended a free treatment program. PMID- 6983814 TI - Renal function, sodium excretion and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in relation to blood pressure. An epidemiological and physiological study. PMID- 6983818 TI - Early ambulation: the physiologic basis revisited. PMID- 6983817 TI - Comparison of methods for determining exercise training intensity for cardiac patients and healthy adults. PMID- 6983819 TI - Early ambulation after myocardial infarction. The surgical model. PMID- 6983821 TI - Prognostic value of exercise testing in respect to effects of aortocoronary bypass surgery on functional aerobic capacity. PMID- 6983820 TI - Assessing psychological problems from a cardiologist's point of view. PMID- 6983822 TI - Indications for coronary bypass surgery, 1982. Controlled trials scientifically and ethically optimum. PMID- 6983823 TI - Prognostic value of exercise testing. PMID- 6983824 TI - Epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Motor neuron disease (MND) is used in this paper as the generic label, encompassing the clinical variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive myelopathic muscular atrophy (PMMA), and progressive bulbar palsy (PBP). ALS is limited to instances of anterior horn cell plus pyramidal tract involvement. When only anterior horn cell lesions are inferred, either PMMA or PBP is used, depending on the levels of involvement; when both cord and brain stem are affected. PBP is the designation. Mortality data on MND have been available for a number of countries since 1949. The coding used under international rules has varied considerably over this interval. Before 1969, hereditary muscular atrophies were included. Since 1979, no subdivision by type of MND is possible. International death rates for MND have all been rather close to 1 per 100,000 population per year, though perhaps nearer to 1.4 on the average in recent years. There has been an increasing proportion of MND deaths coded to ALS between 1949 and 1977. There is no notable geographic variation among countries, nor within countries such as the U.S. and Denmark. A slight upward trend in death rates over time in the U.S. is matched by a slight decrease in Denmark. Death rates from all sources indicate a male preponderance for ALS or MND as a whole, at about 1.5 to 1, male to female. There is also a consistent predilection by age, with few deaths under age 50 or so and a clear maximum in age-specific death rates at about age 70. This holds for both sexes. In the U.S., there is also a white-nonwhite difference, with a ratio of about 1.6:1 but with age and sex differences similar to whites. Average annual incidence rates from among white occidental populations range mostly between 0.6 and 1.8 per 100,000 population for MND and about 0.8 and 1.5 per 100,000 for ALS. Again a male predilection is seen. There is a clear maximum in age-specific incidence rates at about age 65 in all surveys except that of Rochester, Minnesota, where the age specific rate for those 75+ years of age is apparently higher than that for those age 65 to 74. Incidence rates, then, are quite similar one land to another. A reported deficit in Mexico may reflect case-selection bias. An excess among Filipinos on Hawaii seems more a function of population age-distributions than a true racial or ethnic difference. Prevalence rates from outside the Orient range from about 1 to 7 per 100,000 population for MND and about 2 to 7 for ALS. Those surveys more likely to be reasonably complete provide ALS prevalence rates of about 4 to 6, and an overall estimate of ALS prevalence of some 5 per 100,000 population is a reasonable figure. In the Orient, most of the MND prevalence rates fall within the same range as in the occident, except for two areas of the Kii peninsula of southern Honshu, Japan, where the reported prevalence rates are some 100 to 200 per 100,000 population. These cases are similar to the Guamanian ALS, both clinically and pathologically... PMID- 6983825 TI - Late progressive muscular atrophy and antecedent poliomyelitis. PMID- 6983826 TI - Antimicrobial, insect sterilizing and ovicidal activity of some oxo-vanadium(IV) and oxo-vanadium(V) complexes. AB - Twenty-three newly synthesized mixed-ligand complexes of oxo-vanadium(IV) and oxo vanadium(V) were studied for antimicrobial activity. Eight of these complexes were found to have microbicidal properties. The complexes [NH4][VO(gl)2]H2O (gl H2 = glycolic acid) and [VO(ACOAP)(acac-H)]H20 (ACOAP-H2=Schiff base of acetylacetone and orthoaminophenol, acac-H=acetyl-acetone) show broad bactericidal spectra, while the complexes [VO(ACSAM)2]OH (ACSAM-H = Schiff base of acetylacetone and sulphanilamide) and [VO(CSSAM-H)2]H2O (CSSAM-H =Schiff base of 3-carboxy salicylaldehyde and sulphanilamide) possess pronounced antidermatophytic properties. The latter is inhibitory to plant pathogenic fungi as well. Plant tumour producing Agrobacterium tumefaciens is effectively inhibited in vitro by the complex [VO(ACTSC-Na)(acac)]H2O (ACTSC-H2 = condensation product of acetylacetone and thiosemicarbazide). Minimum inhibitory concentrations of all the active complexes are within the values of 0.125-2.00 mg/ml. Out of the 7 active complexes tested for 50% inhibition of conidial germination of Helminthosporium oryzae, a rice plant pathogen, only 1 complex, viz. [VO(acac) (ACACAACD)] (ACACAACD(H)NH4 equal Schiff base of acetylacetone and ammonium 2-amino-1-cyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylate) shows a positive result. The effective concentration is 0.55 mg/ml. Three vanadium complexes were tested for insect sterilant and ovicidal properties on the red cotton bug, Dysdercus koenigi. The complex [VO(HASA-Na) (acac)]H2O (HASA-H2 = Schiff base of orthohydroxyacetophenone and anthr anilic acid) was found to be a suitable male sterilant. PMID- 6983827 TI - C3a induced activation and stimulus specific reversible desensitization of guinea pig platelets. AB - C3a and its C-terminal hexapeptide lead to a dose dependent release of biogenic amines and nucleotides stored in platelet's granules. The release reaction can be measured by tritiated serotonin or by ATP, indicated by an ATP specific bioluminescence assay. We tested the capability of C3a to induce aggregation of washed platelets. The recently described phenomenon of low dose, stimulus specific desensitization of platelets to the anaphylatoxic peptides C3a and C5a could be shown by measuring the release reaction as well as the aggregation. Further we could demonstrate the reversibility of the stimulus specific desensitization within 2 to 3 hours. The desensitization was proven to be temperature dependent. The recovery of function was independent of newly synthetized protein and is discussed as the result of receptor-recycling. PMID- 6983828 TI - [The Rayleigh equation using the flicker method (2): Measurement of the isoluminous line on the anomaloscope in protans and deutans]. PMID- 6983830 TI - [A test of the Muller cell origin hypothesis of the ERG b-wave]. PMID- 6983829 TI - [Hyperosmolarity-induced changes in the transepithelial potential of the retina]. PMID- 6983832 TI - No chromosome deletion found on prometaphase banding in two cases of Langer Giedion syndrome. PMID- 6983831 TI - The treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia in patients 30 years of age and younger. AB - The treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia in childhood and young adults has lagged behind that for acute lymphocytic leukemia. The studies described here were directed towards evaluating the role of intensive chemotherapy in the treatment of this illness. Intensive remission induction therapy combining cytosine arabinoside with an anthracycline antibiotic produced a complete remission rate comparable to that achieved in acute lymphocytic leukemia (45 of 49 patients or 92%). Intensive consolidation chemotherapy produced a median duration of complete remission of 160 weeks with 40% of patients projected to be in remission at 4 years. By contrast, the median duration of remission for patients treated with moderate consolidation/maintenance therapy was 23 weeks with only 10% of patients in remission at 4 years. These studies demonstrate that intensive chemotherapy can be administered to pediatric patients and young adults and that this approach to therapy produces a high remission rate with a 3 year median duration of remission. PMID- 6983833 TI - Chromatopsia related to afterimages. PMID- 6983834 TI - Remission of pigmentary glaucoma in a patient with subluxed lenses. PMID- 6983835 TI - [Clinico-immunological aspects of treatment of chronic inflammation of female genitalia with helium-neon laser]. PMID- 6983836 TI - [Physical therapy in the pain syndrome caused by residual manifestations of chronic salpingo-oophoritis]. PMID- 6983837 TI - [Complex treatment of patients with complicated climacteric syndrome]. PMID- 6983838 TI - Variations in T cell subsets during hyposensitization of grass-sensitive patients with formaldehyde modified extracts: allergoids. AB - In atopic patients with clinical symptoms of hay fever, changes in T gamma and T mu cells were evaluated during desensitization. A significant increase in T mu and overall in T gamma cells was noted. These results suggested that T cell defect could be restored by desensitization treatment. PMID- 6983839 TI - Recovery from intravenous anaesthesia. Comparison of disoprofol with thiopentone and methohexitone. AB - Using the endpoints of spontaneous opening of eyes, giving date of birth, sitting up unaided and normal pegboard time, recovery from 2 and 3 mg/kg disoprofol was compared with that from 4 and 6 mg/kg thiopentone and 1.5 mg/kg methohexitone in groups each of 10 unpremedicated patients. The study method differentiated between recovery from the two doses of disoprofol and thiopentone at the first two endpoints only. A between-drug comparison showed early recovery was slightly faster with thiopentone than with equivalent doses of the new drug while no differences were detected between the recovery from equivalent doses of methohexitone and thiopentone. The differences found in this study are felt to be of no clinical significance and recovery from anaesthesia with disoprofol would not be expected to be any slower than that from equivalent doses of thiopentone. PMID- 6983842 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of electrostimulation analgesia in relation to the precision of acupuncture site location]. PMID- 6983841 TI - Further purification of epidermal growth factor by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6983840 TI - An improved method for phenotyping of alpha 1-antitrypsin variants using separator isoelectric focusing on thin-layer agarose gel. PMID- 6983843 TI - [Endotracheal anesthesia with nitrous oxide combined with electroacupuncture in gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 6983844 TI - Medical imaging. PMID- 6983845 TI - Dose-dependent effect of glucocorticosteroids on pulmonary defenses in a steroid resistant host. AB - An experimental model of Listeria monocytogenes pneumonia was employed in order to study the pathogenesis of lung infection with a facultative intracellular pathogen in normal and steroid-treated hosts. Guinea pigs, which resemble humans as a "steroid-resistant" species, were treated with week-long regimens of cortisone acetate or saline. Cortisone regimens were 100 mg/kg/day (low-dose) or 200 mg/kg/day (high-dose). Lungs were then infected with Listeria monocytogenes, and groups were compared for survival as well as intrapulmonary killing of Listeria. A dose-dependent defect in pulmonary resistance to Listeria was observed among the steroid-treated animals, with survivals of 67% for the low dose group and 0% for the high-dose group. Similarly, acquired in vivo pulmonary resistance to Listeria was diminished in steroid-treated animals, as reflected by reduced intrapulmonary killing and a tendency for systemic dissemination of Listeria. Numbers of T-lymphocytes in blood (p less than 0.001) and lungs (p less than 0.001) were significantly reduced in cortisone-treated animals. In addition, alveolar macrophages obtained from high-dose-treated animals displayed a 47% reduction in listericidal activity. It is concluded that glucocorticosteroid administration causes a dose-dependent reduction in pulmonary defenses to intracellular pathogens in the steroid-resistant host, and that suppression of both acquired local immunity as well as nonimmune defense mechanisms occurs. PMID- 6983846 TI - Legionnaires' pneumonia after aerosol exposure in guinea pigs and rats. AB - We developed an animal model of Legionnaires' pneumonia to permit study of aerosol infection, pathogenesis, and pulmonary host defense mechanisms in this disease. Guinea pigs and rats were exposed in a nose-only inhalation facility for 30 min to an aerosol of Burlington serogroup 1 Legionella pneumophila. Lungs contained 10(3) to 10(4) L. pneumophila immediately after exposure. Both guinea pigs and rats developed pneumonia, with 100% infectivity by microbiologic, histologic, and serologic criteria. Guinea pigs demonstrated illness, fever, and 56% mortality; rats showed little illness and 11% mortality. In both species, diffuse patchy pneumonitis coalesced and consolidated as the disease progressed. Aerosol challenge with 3H-L. pneumophila showed exponential growth of the bacteria in the lungs of both species. Guinea pigs and rats can be infected by aerosol exposure to L. pneumophila to produce a disease that closely simulates human Legionnaires' pneumonia. Rapid initial intrapulmonary growth suggests that resident lung defense mechanisms are quite ineffective against L. pneumophila, and that recruited or immunospecific defenses may be more critical in the outcome of infection. The difference in severity of illness between guinea pigs and rats may be exploited for different experimental designs. PMID- 6983847 TI - Immune reactions in the lungs of asymptomatic dairy farmers. AB - To test the hypothesis that asymptomatic farmers with serum precipitins to farmers' lung disease antigens also have an immune reaction involving the lungs, we did bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 3 groups of dairy farmers. Group 1: 7 patients with acute farmers' lung disease. Group 2: 10 asymptomatic farmers with serum precipitins to Micropolyspora faeni. Group 3: 9 normal farmers without serum precipitins. Group 1 patients had a large number of cells (90.4 +/- 20 X 10(6)) (mean +/- SEM) with 72 +/- 5.8% lymphocytes in their lavage fluid. Their lavage also had high immunoglobulins A and G/albumin ratios. Six subjects in Group 2 had an increased number of cells (54.1 +/- 14.1 X 10(6)) and a high percentage of lymphocytes (52.5 +/- 6.6%) in their BAL. Two subjects in Group 3 had similar alterations in their lavage fluid: 60.0 and 69.6 X 10(6) cells with 20 and 37.5% lymphocytes, respectively. The other subjects in Groups 2 and 3 had normal lavages. Proliferative responses of BAL lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin was similar in each group. Circulating immune complexes were increased only in subject with acute farmers' lung disease (Group 1). These results show that some normal farmers have signs of an alveolitis. PMID- 6983848 TI - Corticotrophin releasing factor activity in the Brattleboro rat median eminence. PMID- 6983849 TI - Demonstration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activity in the neurohypophysis of Brattleboro rats. PMID- 6983850 TI - Aspergillus endophthalmitis in a drug abuser. AB - In a 31-year-old man, metastatic Aspergillus endophthalmitis developed after intravenous cocaine injection. His reluctance to admit to drug abuse resulted in delay of diagnostic and curative vitrectomy. Metastatic osteomyelitis also developed, underscoring the need for careful surveillance for other systemic manifestations of fungemia. We believe this to be the first published case in which useful vision was salvaged in an eye afflicted by metastatic Aspergillus endophthalmitis. PMID- 6983851 TI - Familial fleck retina with night blindness. PMID- 6983852 TI - Characterization of the B lymphocyte response to pokeweed mitogen. AB - Human B lymphocytes activated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) undergo a proliferative response, differentiate into immunoglobulin producing cells (IPC), and release immunoglobulin into the supernatant fluid of the lymphocyte cultures. Since the number of IPC and amount of immunoglobulin produced may be determined in part by the proportions of T and non-T lymphocytes in the culture, studies were undertaken on the kinetics of the PWM induced response in cultures containing 1 : 1 proportions of T and non-T cells from nine healthy adults. Blood samples were obtained from each individual on two occasions and the results compared. The proliferative response, number of cells containing intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (ICIg) and the concentration of supernatant immunoglobulin (SIg) were serially determined. The mean peak proliferative response and the mean peak number of ICIg positive cells were observed on the fifth day of culture. The mean peak concentration of SIg was noted on the ninth to eleventh day of culture. The results of the initial specimens were not significantly different from those of the repeat samples. It is concluded that a 1 : 1 mixture of T and non-T cells respond reproducibly to PWM and that the level of response varies with the length of incubation of the cultures. It is believed these assays might be helpful in the investigation of various lymphoproliferative and immunodeficiency disorders. PMID- 6983854 TI - Bechterew's phenomenon in a human patient. PMID- 6983853 TI - Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: sensory deprivation. AB - Local cerebral glucose metabolism was measured in 22 right-handed, normal volunteers using 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose and positron computed tomography. Three states consisting of selective or combined auditory or visual deprivation were examined. Results demonstrated a progressive decline in overall glucose metabolism with reduced sensory inputs. The relative metabolism of the frontal cortex compared to that of the parietal and occipital cortex progressively increased from the eyes-closed to the both-closed states. Left-right symmetry was found throughout the distribution of structures within the region of brain samples for both the selective auditory and visual deprivation test conditions, but a relative decrease in right-sided metabolism occurred in the combined audiovisual deprivation state. The most significant metabolic asymmetries occurred in the perisylvian, inferior prefrontal, and lateral occipital cortex. The relative metabolic rates of the medial occipital cortex, measured as a percentage of the hemispheric mean, doubled bilaterally with eye opening. The results demonstrate the difficulties inherent in defining a stable and reproducible "resting" state for the human brain. PMID- 6983855 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of neomycin and kanamycin in experimental staphylococcal endophthalmitis]. PMID- 6983858 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of 103 strains of Haemophilus ducreyi isolated in Johannesburg. AB - Of 103 strains of Haemophilus ducreyi isolated in Johannesburg, 96 produced beta lactamase and were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. Most strains showed resistance to tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were susceptible to rifampin, erythromycin, and cefoxitin, moderately susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1:19) and minocycline, and somewhat less susceptible to doxycycline. PMID- 6983856 TI - Purification and properties of inducible penicillin beta-lactamase isolated from Pseudomonas maltophilia. AB - Two types of beta-lactamase were found in the cell-free extract from Pseudomonas maltophilia GN12873. One was an inducible penicillin beta-lactamase, and the other was an inducible cephalosporin beta-lactamase. The purified penicillin beta lactamase gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was 6.9, and the approximate molecular weight was 118,000 by gel filtration and 26,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting that this enzyme consisted of four subunits. For the hydrolysis of penicillin G, the optimal pH was 8.0 and the optimal temperature was 35 degrees C. The enzyme activity was inhibited by cephamycin derivatives, carpetimycins A and B, iodine, and HgCl2, but not by clavulanic acid. Furthermore, beta-lactamase activity was almost completely inhibited by EDTA but was recovered by the addition of zinc ion. The enzyme showed a unique substrate profile, hydrolyzing N-formimidoyl thienamycin at a significant rate. PMID- 6983857 TI - Properties of a new penicillinase type produced by Bacteroides fragilis. AB - A highly penicillin-resistant strain of Bacteroides fragilis, strain GN11499, was found among 80 clinical isolates of the B.fragilis group and appears to produce a new type of penicillinase. Penicillinase activity was detected in crude extracts and had a specific activity of 0.25 U/mg of protein. About 20% of the enzyme was released into the surrounding medium during growth. The enzyme hydrolyzed ampicillin and cloxacillin more rapidly than it did penicillin G, carbenicillin, and cephaloridine. Relative rates in a crude extract with penicillin G as 100 were ampicillin, 357; carbenicillin, 57; cloxacillin, 271; and cephaloridine, 71. Enzyme activity was inhibited by clavulanic acid, CP-45, 899, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, cefoxitin, moxalactam, and p-chloromercuribenzoate. The enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 41,500 and an isoelectric point of 6.9. Penicillinase production and tetracycline resistance were transferred from B.fragilis GN11499 to two susceptible strains of B.fragilis and Bacteroides vulgatus by filter mating. PMID- 6983859 TI - Plasmid-coded ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - Seven of the 96 ampicillin-resistant isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi reported in the preceding article (Bilgeri et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 22:686-688, 1982) were investigated and found to harbor plasmids of 3.95, 5.2, 5.8, and 6.4 megadaltons. All except the 5.8-megadalton plasmid have been shown to code for beta-lactamase. The 6.4- and 5.2-megadalton plasmids of three isolates were conjugally transferable to a streptomycin-resistant mutant of H. ducreyi at high frequencies, perhaps due to the presence in these strains of a high-molecular weight plasmid. PMID- 6983860 TI - Antibacterial activities of SM-1652 compared with those of other broad-spectrum cephalosporins. AB - The in vitro and in vivo activities of Sm-1652 were compared with those of other cephalosporins. SM-1652 possessed a wide antibacterial spectrum which included activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It also exhibited potent antibacterial activities against gram-positive cocci and clinical isolates of glucose nonfermentative bacteria. Most notably, its activity against glucose nonfermentative bacteria was the highest of all of the drugs tested. The bactericidal activity of SM-1652 was compared with that of cefoperazone. The difference between the minimum bactericidal concentration and the minimum inhibitory concentration of SM-1652 was actually smaller than that of cefoperazone for Escherichia coli and clinical isolates of indole-positive Proteus spp. SM-1652 was stable for most cephalosporinases but was hydrolyzed to some extent by penicillinases. The in vivo therapeutic effect of SM-1652 against infections in mice was better than those of cefazolin and cefoxitin. The in vivo antipseudomonal activity of SM-1652 was second to that of cefsulodin. PMID- 6983861 TI - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of T-1982, a new semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic. AB - The activities of T-1982 (sodium 7 beta-[(2R, 3S)-2-(4-ethyl-2, 3-dioxo-1 piperazine-carboxamido)-3-hydroxybutanamido]-7 alpha-methoxy-3-[(1-methyl-1H tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate) against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were compare with those of cefmetazole, cefoxitin, cefazolin, and cefoperazone. T-1982 was active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including genera resistant to the other cephalosporins. T 1982 exhibited greater activity than did cefmetazole, cefoxitin, cefazolin, or cefoperazone against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia marcescens and was also highly active against Bacteroides fragilis. T-1982 was as stable to various beta-lactamases as were cefmetazole and cefoxitin. The therapeutic activities of T-1982 in mice experimentally infected with various gram-negative bacteria were superior to those of cefmetazole, cefoxitin, cefazolin, and cefoperazone. PMID- 6983863 TI - Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae type b to cefaclor and influence of inoculum size. AB - Cefaclor appeared to be an effective antibiotic against both beta-lactamase positive and beta-lactamase-negative strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b when tested with 10(5) colony-forming units per ml. With inocula in excess of 10(6) colony-forming units per ml, these organisms were neither inhibited nor killed at concentrations of 400 micrograms/ml. This inoculum effect was also demonstrated in time-kill curve studies. PMID- 6983862 TI - Cefotetan, a new cephamycin: comparison of in vitro antimicrobial activity with other cephems, beta-lactamase stability, and preliminary recommendations for disk diffusion testing. AB - Cefotetan is a new, potent, 7 alpha-methoxy cephalosporin (cephamycin). The in vitro activity of cefotetan tested in a multiphasic, collaborative study against 12,260 consecutive clinical isolates and 448 selected isolates showed 93% of Enterobacteriaceae, 90% of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (broth dilution), 83% of Bacteroides fragilis, and 72% of non-enterococcal streptococci to be inhibited by less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. Beta-Lactamase producing and -nonproducing Haemophilus influenzae strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/ml. Cefotetan's inhibitory spectrum paralleled those of the newest generation of cephems and exceeded those of cefoxitin and cefamandole. No useful activity was present against Streptococcus faecalis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cefotetan was bactericidal without significant inoculum effect and was highly resistant to hydrolysis by Richmond-Sykes types I, III, and IV beta-lactamases. Hydrolysis of the chromogenic cephalosporin PADAC (pyridine-2 azo-p-dimethylaniline cephalosporin) by type I beta-lactamases was markedly inhibited by concentrations of cefotetan similar to those of the potent inhibitor dicloxacillin. Analysis of agar disk diffusion for several disk potencies and broth dilution susceptibility tests by regression and error rate-bounding methods produced preliminary tentative zone standards (30-micrograms disk, using minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints of less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml susceptible and greater than 32 micrograms/ml resistant, or 75-micrograms disk, using minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints of less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml susceptible and greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml resistant) of greater than or equal to 18 mm susceptible, less than or equal to 14 mm resistant, and 15 to 17 mm indeterminate. Staphylococcus aureus testing with the 30-micrograms disk is not recommended. PMID- 6983865 TI - A cross-sectional study of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether process employees. AB - Human exposures to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether have been associated with hematological and neurological abnormalities. Recent animal toxicology studies have also reported testicular atrophy. To determine whether employees potentially exposed to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether during manufacturing and packaging had a higher prevalence of anemia, leukopenia, or sterility than an in-plant comparison group, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the Michigan Division of Dow Chemical U.S.A. Blood samples on 65 of 97 potentially exposed and control white males, and semen samples from a subset of 15 were analyzed. With the possible exception of smaller testicular size, no gross abnormalities or clinically meaningful differences in hematological or fertility indices were noted. Results of regression modeling suggested that white blood cells and hemoglobin might be decreased at higher exposure levels. PMID- 6983864 TI - Creatine kinase of heart mitochondria: changes in its kinetic properties induced by coupling to oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 6983866 TI - Smoking status and the electrocardiogram: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. AB - Previous cross-sectional studies have shown age trends in electrocardiographic wave patterns, including leftward shift in frontal plane axis and decreases in R, S, and T wave amplitudes with age. The effects of smoking on electrocardiographic measurements have also been examined. Findings of several studies vary and include possible smoking-induced changes in T wave amplitude and frontal plane axis measurements. To examine both cross-sectionally and longitudinally the effects of cigarette smoking on electrocardiographic measurements, serial recordings obtained 5 yr apart were taken from 702 healthy male participants of the Normative Aging Study, who were 23-74 yr of age at their first examination. These men were classified as current smokers (at both baseline and follow-up examinations, N = 291), former smokers (men who stopped smoking prior to the baseline examination, N = 203), or never smokers (at any time, N = 208). At baseline, P-R interval duration was shorter in current smokers than in former or never smokers. Longitudinal results indicated that R, S, and T wave amplitudes decreased at greater rates in smokers than in nonsmokers. These findings suggest that changes in the electrocardiogram attributed to aging may be modified by smoking. PMID- 6983867 TI - [Tannic acid treatment of the erythrocytes in the serological pregnancy test using the chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and anti-HCG rabbit serum]. PMID- 6983868 TI - [Diagnostic value of Ronpacon ventriculography]. PMID- 6983871 TI - Plasmapheresis in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Plasmapheresis has been used as a supplementary method for the treatment of 11 cases of SLE (7 with lupus nephritis and 4 without renal changes). In 7 cases there was a marked improvement during the plasma exchanges which lasted from 2 months to 3 years of follow up. In one case the direct result was satisfactory but after 3 months there was a severe relapse and the patient died. In 3 cases (two without lupus nephritis) plasmapheresis was without any effect. We believe that plasmapheresis is chiefly indicated in severe cases with high levels of ds DNA antibody titers. PMID- 6983870 TI - Immunological follow-up of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in children. AB - Concentrations of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA, E-, EAC-rosette forming lymphocyte counts and phagocytic function of granulocytes to Staphylococcus aureus were studied during the long-term polychemotherapy in 19 children with NHL and in the control group consisting of 15 healthy children. The decrease in levels of IgA and IgM, E and EAC rosetting lymphocyte counts following intensive long therapy was observed. No significant variations in immunoglobulin subclasses levels before and after single cytostatic cycle were found. The granulocyte phagocytic activity in NHL patients was above normal range. For evaluation of the prognostic value of NHL immunological classification survival rate curves were analyzed. It has been demonstrated that T-lymphoblasts proliferation is an unfavorable prognosis marker. PMID- 6983869 TI - Immunologic status of children with Hodgkin's disease (HD). AB - Concentration of serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA, E-, EAC-rosette forming lymphocyte counts and phagocytic activity of granulocytes to Staphylococcus aureus were studied in venous blood of 12 children with HD and 15 normal controls during the combined long term radio- and polichemotherapy. The decrease in E- and EAC-rosette forming lymphocyte counts at diagnosis and during the combined radio- and chemotherapy single cycle and long-lasting treatment were found. The quantity of serum immunoglobulins IgA and IgM was above normal limits at diagnosis and decreased during 2 years of treatment. The impairment of phagocytic activity before treatment and during long term therapy was found. Analysis of the survival rate curves suggests the prognostic value of the initial T- and B-lymphocyte numbers in peripheral blood. PMID- 6983873 TI - [T-lymphocyte colony formation: studies relating to mitogens and lymphocyte subsets]. PMID- 6983872 TI - Influence of thymic factor X-5 (TFX-5) "Polfa" on mitogenic response of murine thymocytes to concanavalin A. AB - The influence of thymic factor X (TFX-5 "Polfa") on mitogenic response of different subpopulations of murine thymocytes has been studied. Data are presented which indicate that proliferative response to concanavalin A of cortical ("immature") thymocytes is enhanced in the presence of TFX-5 whereas the response of medullary ("mature") thymocytes is inhibited. PMID- 6983874 TI - Esophageal transection by EEA stapler for control of variceal hemorrhage. PMID- 6983876 TI - Relation of diet to LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides in white adults. The Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. AB - The association of diet with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total triglycerides, as well as with total and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), was investigated in a random sample of 4374 white participants aged 20 to 59 years seen by the Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Study. Carbohydrate and total calories were negatively associated with LDL-C. There was also a statistically significant positive association of LDL-C with the percentage of total calories from fat. These three findings are generally consistent with what other cross-sectional studies have reported for the relation of diet with total cholesterol levels. The only diet variables significantly related to triglyceride levels in both men and women were the percentage of calories from fats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA), the P/S ratio, and the number of grams of PFA per day, all of which were inversely associated with the level of this lipid. PMID- 6983875 TI - Diet-plasma lipid relationships within a free-living population. PMID- 6983878 TI - Radioimmuno-thin-layer chromatographic detection of Forssman antigen in human carcinoma cell lines. PMID- 6983877 TI - Correlates of low density lipoprotein cholesterol: associations with physical, chemical, dietary, and behavioral characteristics. AB - The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe the relationship between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and various physical, chemical, dietary, and behavioral attributes of 4768 white men and women aged 20 59 years from 10 North American populations sampled by the Lipid Research Clinics Program. For our analyses, women were separated into two groups: users and nonusers of hormones. A positive correlation coefficient between very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and LDL-C was observed for women but not for men. Fasting plasma concentrations of LDL-C were most strongly and consistently associated in each gender with age, the Quetelet Index of body mass, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, systolic blood pressure, and the levels of plasma glucose and uric acid (all positive associations); and with height and bilirubin levels (both negative associations). Gender-related differences were found in the associations between LDL-C and the other lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions measured. The associations between LDL-C and individual nutrients computed from a 24-hour dietary recall were generally of a low-order magnitude. The strongest and most consistent among the statistically significant associations were those between LDL-C and total caloric intake and with carbohydrates and sucrose (all negative associations). Other statistically significant association between LDL-C and reported intake of nutrients were less consistent, e.g., LDL-C levels were negatively related to alcohol consumption in women, but showed a weak positive relation to alcohol intake in men. Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to assess the variation in LDL-C concentration attributable to each characteristic under study, adjusted for concomitant variation in any other variable. As in the univariable analyses, age was the strongest covariate of LDL-C; adjusting for all other terms in the stepwise regression analysis, cigarette smoking was identified as the next strongest determinant of LDL-C. Other measurements, such as body mass, clinical chemistries, and alcohol consumption, emerged as independent predictors of LDL-C levels in a pattern specific to gender and to hormone use. PMID- 6983879 TI - The finding and significance of spermidine and spermine in Fraction 5. PMID- 6983880 TI - beta-Lactamase activity of renal dipeptidase against N-formimidoyl-thienamycin. PMID- 6983881 TI - Translation of interleukin 2 mRNA from human peripheral blood leukocytes in Xenopus oocytes. PMID- 6983882 TI - Synergistic inhibition of platelet aggregation by forskolin plus PGE1 or 2 fluoroadenosine: effects of 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine and 5'-methylthioadenosine. PMID- 6983884 TI - [Cardiological rehabilitation in patients of myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 6983885 TI - [Surgical treatment of ischemic cardiopathy in the aged]. PMID- 6983883 TI - [Significance of vessel-free (so-called bradytrophic) tissue in the microbial colonization of model rheumatoid organs]. AB - The spontaneous rheumatoid disease in animals is a representative example of all the stages of rheumatism which occur in nature. It is caused exclusively by bacterial, mycoplasmal, or viral infection. The organs involved in rheumatic reactions are characterized by borders between tissue incapable of inflammation, without vessels and nourished by passive perfusion, and highly reactive, well vascularized connective tissue. By this combination microorganisms are deposited on the one hand, and then later the appearance of immune complexes is possible. These settlements are sustained by the initially occurring coagulation and permeability processes of the infection in the "vascular syndrome". After the inundation of the noxa, the bradytrophic tissue proves to be an inflammatory niche and thus an ideal antigen reservoir which can sustain the rheumatic process, in particular the humoral and the cellular immune mechanism, for the rest of the organism life. The inflammatory and immune mechanisms, probably continually induced by the persisting antigens, may not be left unconsidered during symptomatic treatment throughout the course of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6983886 TI - Influence of inhibitors of serotonin uptake on intestinal epithelium and colorectal carcinomas. AB - Previous studies have shown that in certain tissues, including colonic carcinomas, cell proliferation may be promoted by serotonin, and indirect evidence suggests that the effects of this amine on colonic tumours involves a cellular-uptake mechanism. In the present study, two specific inhibitors of serotonin uptake, Citalopram and Fluoxetine, are examined for their effects on cell proliferation and tumour growth. Each of the agents was found to suppress cell division in dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumours in rats, and to retard the growth of 2 out of 3 lines of human colonic tumours propagated as xenografts in immune-deprived mice. PMID- 6983887 TI - Serum levels of human placental lactogen and pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein in breast cancer. PMID- 6983889 TI - Isolation of bacterial luciferases by affinity chromatography on 2,2 diphenylpropylamine-Sepharose: phosphate-mediated binding to an immobilized substrate analogue. AB - A covalently immobilized form of an inhibitor of bacterial luciferase, 2,2 diphenylpropylamine (D phi PA), was an effective affinity resin for purifying this enzyme from several distinct bacterial species. The inhibitor is competitive with the luciferase aldehyde substrate but enhances binding of the flavin substrate FMNH2 (reduced riboflavin 5'-phosphate); comparable binding interactions occur with luciferase, the immobilized inhibitor D phi PA-Sepharose, and the substrates [Holzman, T. F., & Baldwin, T. O. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 5524 5528]. The effect of FMNH2 on the binding of luciferase to D phi PA-Sepharose was mimicked by inorganic phosphate; the luciferase-phosphate complex had a greater affinity for D phi PA-Sepharose than did luciferase. This observation led to the development of a method using D phi PA-Sepharose to purify bacterial luciferase. When crude enzyme in a high-phosphate buffer was applied to a column of the affinity matrix, the luciferase activity was removed from solution. After the column was washed with the same buffer to remove unbound protein, the luciferase was eluted with a non-phosphate cationic buffer. The affinity column has proven useful for rapid purification of luciferase in much greater yield than has been previously possible with standard ion-exchange techniques. This approach has allowed one-step purification of luciferases from ammonium sulfate precipitates of Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio fischeri, and Photobacterium phosphoreum. The dissociation constants in 0.10 M phosphate for the affinity ligand: luciferase complexes were 0.49 micro M, 0.28 micro M, and 0.15 micro M, respectively, for the three species. The dissociation constant for the V. harveyi mutant AK-6, which has normal aldehyde binding but greatly reduced affinity for FMNH2, was 0.30 micro M, while that for the V. harveyi mutant AK-20, which has greatly reduced affinity for aldehyde but a slightly increased affinity for FMNH2, was 1.2 microM. Preliminary experiments indicated that the yellow fluorescence protein (YFP) that participates, through energy transfer, in bioluminescent emission in V. fischeri strain Y-1 could be separated from the luciferase in this strain by chromatography on the affinity matrix, whereas other methods of separating luciferase and YFP have had limited success because of the binding of YFP to luciferase. PMID- 6983888 TI - Lymphocyte chemotaxis in inflammation. IV. Isolation of lymphocyte chemotactic factors from PPD-induced delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction site in the guinea-pig, with special reference to a factor chemotactic for B cells. PMID- 6983890 TI - Comparative structural analysis of HLA-A2 antigens distinguishable by cytotoxic T lymphocytes: variants M7 and DR1. AB - Comparative primary structural analyses have begun to elucidate polymorphic residues and segments of the class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complex, at least some of which presumably contribute to determinants important in immune recognition events. HLA-A2 structural variants have been described which are serologically indistinguishable from other HLA-A2 antigens, yet which can be recognized neither by HLA-A2 specific alloimmune nor by HLA-A2 restricted, virus immune cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This study utilizes double-label tryptic peptide comparisons in combination with both conventional and microsequence analyses to investigate the structure of two such variants, M7 and DR1. We find that these variants are identical with each other and differ from the predominant HLA-A2 heavy chain species by a glutamine to arginine substitution at residue 43, by an unidentified substitution in the tryptic peptide spanning residues 147-157, and by an as yet poorly defined alteration in glycosylation. Structural information from these and other variants should be useful in precisely defining functionally important determinants on the molecule. PMID- 6983891 TI - Correlation of the level of beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid with spermatogenesis in rat testes. AB - beta-Citryl-L-glutamic acid, which is known to be highly concentrated in the brains of immature animals, is preferentially localized in the testes of various adult animals, including mammals, amphibians and fish, mainly in the germinal cells. In young rats, the citrylglutamate concentration increases with age and coincides with the development of late spermatocytes into early spermatids. Rats with seminiferous tubule failure induced by ductuli efferentes ligation and experimental cryptorchidism are infertile as a result of germ cell depletion, especially spermatocytes and early spermatids. In these animals, the testicular citrylglutamate content was much lower than in normal testes. PMID- 6983892 TI - Surface electrical stimulation for the treatment of scoliosis. PMID- 6983894 TI - The short effect of pelvic radiotherapy of gynecological cancers on humoral and cell mediated immunity. AB - An analysis of short effect of pelvic irradiation on cellular and humoral immunity was made in 24 patients treated by irradiation alone or a combination of surgery and irradiation for uterine carcinoma, at 2, 6, 12 months after loco regional therapy. Twelve months later there is a decrease of T lymphocytes (P = 0.01), whereas the B lymphocytes count is normal; the percentage of T and B lymphocytes remains stable, but the lymphocyte response to PHA after 3 days is reduced (p = 0.03). A significant decrease of immunoglobulins G, A and M is observed. PMID- 6983893 TI - Intercellular communication and cell cooperation in growth control of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6983896 TI - [Molecular organization of the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscles in different functional states]. AB - Changes in the molecular substrate of the frog gastrocnemius muscle sarcoplasm were studied at rest, under indirect suprathreshold stimulation and fatigue. The time course of changes in the sarcoplasm was evaluated from the intensity of recordable mitogenetic radiation of the muscle. At rest the muscle sarcoplasm was characterized by active maintenance of the functional integrity of nerve and muscle fibers, whereas under indirect stimulation and during fatigue this coordinating function was disturbed. Thus, the sarcoplasm is an important link in the regulation of coordinated changes in different structural elements of the muscle. PMID- 6983895 TI - Flow conditions of red cells and plasma in microvascular bifurcations. AB - The flow conditions of red cells and plasma in microvascular ramifications were investigated in a biological model of the frog's retrolingual membrane. Upon the controllable reduction of blood flow from the arterioles into the microvascular bed, with an appropriate decrease of red cell: plasma ratio in the blood, a tendency of the red cells to be drawn along the parent main capillaries without entering the branching capillaries was in evidence. These latter thus transformed into the plasmatic capillaries deprived of red cells. The factors being responsible for this process were found to be as follows: (a) the diameter of branching capillaries, (b) the angles of off-shoots, (c) the degree of slow-down of blood flow velocity in the branches, and (d) the reduction of red cell: plasma ratio in parent vessels. The direct relationship was found between these factors and the transformations of the off-shoots into the plasmatic capillaries. PMID- 6983898 TI - [Effect of T and B lymphocytes on the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in human peripheral blood]. AB - Neutrophils anl lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with purulent infection were distributed into different subpopulations with the aid of rosette-formation tests. These subpopulations were mixed with autologous neutrophils at a ratio of 1: 100 and cultivated for 18 hours. Then erythrocytic diagnosticums were used to determine the ability of neutrophils to phagocytosis via receptors for Fc-fragments of IgM and IgG and for C', as well as that to phagocytosis without the receptors. The joint lymphocyte population did not essentially affect the percentage of different types of phagocytes. The joint population of T lymphocytes and active T lymphocytes had a powerful stimulant effect while T lymphocytes with receptors for rabbit red blood cells and a mixture of B lymphocytes with 0 cells decreased these indices. B lymphocytes with receptors for mouse red blood cells had an inhibitory action with initially high indices and a stimulant action with low ones. The test system applied enables one to differentiate between the helper and depressor activities of lymphocytes in the lymphocyte-phagocyte system, which plays an important role in the infectious process. PMID- 6983897 TI - [Effect of low molecular-weight leukocyte dialysate on endogenous colony formation in the mouse]. PMID- 6983899 TI - [Absence of a stimulating effect of T-lymphocytes on the colony-forming activity of splenic hematopoietic stem cells]. AB - Interaction of thymocytes with polypotent stem hemopoietic cells (PSHC) from the bone marrow and spleen was studied in the syngeneic system with the use of a model of an intermediate lethally irradiated recipient, in the spleen of which there is a contact between the test populations, as well as in the donor recipient semi-allogeneic system. The PSHC of the bone marrow were found to differ in principle from those of the spleen. The difference concerned the regulatory importance of T-cells for stem hemopoietic elements. Thymocytes examined in both the systems stimulated proliferation of bone marrow PSHC but did not affect proliferation of spleen stem cells. PMID- 6983900 TI - [Strain differences in nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in the mouse submandibular gland]. PMID- 6983901 TI - Caffeine and quinine increase the release of sarcoplasmic enzymes from frog skeletal muscles. AB - 1. The rates of release of two sarcoplasmic enzymes, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, from frog skeletal muscle were increased by caffeine and by quinine at concentrations that induced muscle contractures. 2. Pre-treatment with procaine blocked both the contractures and the increased enzyme loss induced by these alkaloids. 3. It is suggested that the prolonged increases of the Ca2+ concentration in the myofibrillar space during the drug-induced contractures lead to membrane injury and to an increase in the loss of sarcoplasmic enzymes from the muscle. PMID- 6983902 TI - Comparison of iopamidol with metrizamide in sub-occipital ventriculography/cisternography. PMID- 6983904 TI - Characterization of a new chromosomal marker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia from a long-term cell line. AB - A bone marrow aspirate from a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at first relapse was used to establish cell line # 697. The cultured line and marrow aspirates taken at initial diagnosis and first relapse were examined and compared. Similarities in all patterns evaluated confirmed the leukemic origin of the line. Morphologically, the cells were typically lymphoblastic. Cytochemically, they were slightly acid phosphatase-positive and negative for peroxidase, ASD chloroacetate esterase, and nonspecific esterase. Immunologically, they were found positive for common-ALL antigen (CALLA), Ia associated antigen, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), and cytoplasmic IgM (cIgM) and slightly positive for surface IgM (sIgM). Testing for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen was also positive. Cytogenetic evaluations performed on initial, relapse, and cell line specimens each revealed the presence of a pseudodiploid cell line characterized by a consistent marker chromosome. GTG-, QFQ-, and RF-banding identified the marker as being derived from a translocation involving chromosomes #7 and #19: t(7;19) (q11;q13). Iso 7q, -5, -9, and +2 were also found in significant association with the marker and were viewed as demonstrating continued karyotypic evolution within the cell line. From these data, cell line #697 has been classified as a leukemic line of B-cell lineage in a transitional stage between pre-B and mature B cells. PMID- 6983903 TI - Neuropharmacological and electrophysiological evidence implicating the mesolimbic dopamine system in feeding responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. AB - The contribution of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway to feeding behavior was investigated in rats in which feeding responses were elicited by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the lateral hypothalamus. Injections of spiroperidol, a dopamine antagonist, into the nucleus accumbens ipsilateral to the stimulating electrode significantly attenuated the elicited feeding responses whereas injecting spiroperidol into the contralateral nucleus accumbens had no effect. The spontaneous discharge rates of neurons of the ventral tegmental area, identified by their electrophysiological characteristics as dopaminergic, were both increased and decreased in response to single pulse stimulation of sites in the medial forebrain bundle from which feeding responses had been elicited. These observations suggest that mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons may have a role in feeding behavior and indicate the need for chronic electrophysiological recording experiments to see whether or not the activity of these neurons is correlated with the initiation of elicited and spontaneous feeding responses. PMID- 6983905 TI - Evaluation of coronary bypass grafts. AB - Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is in widespread use. Bypass graft angiography continues to be an integral part of the evaluation of the post-CABG patient. Future methods may include computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography to assist in this evaluation. PMID- 6983906 TI - [Test with the chymotrypsin substrate 4-(N-acetyl-L-tyrosyl)-aminobenzoic acid for the detection of the external secretory function of the pancreas. Serum levels of 4-aminobenzoic acid]. PMID- 6983907 TI - [Evidence of a factor increasing E rosettes released from T lymphocytes in peripheral blood after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin using the E rosette restoration test]. PMID- 6983910 TI - Coronary artery spasm occurring late after vein graft surgery. AB - A patient with classic effort and high-grade, fixed proximal coronary atherosclerosis underwent a single saphenous vein graft to a large, dominant right coronary artery (RCA). After being asymptomatic for 1 1/2 years, she had several episodes of rest angina culminating in Prinzmetal angina and ventricular fibrillation. Electrocardiographic changes occurred in the RCA distribution. Symptoms subsided with oral nifedipine therapy. Angiography revealed intact vein graft and coronary circulation. The patient has done well for a follow-up period of 7 months. PMID- 6983909 TI - In situ demonstration of actin in normal and injured ocular tissues using 7 nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole phallacidin. AB - The fluorescent derivative of the actin-binding toxin phallacidin, 7-nitrobenz-2 oxa-1,3 diazole phallacidin, has been used to cytologically demonstrate the presence of actin in lens epithelium, corneal endothelium, and retinal pigment epithelium. In these noninjured tissues, no stress fibers are observed and fluorescence is confined mainly to an area at or near the cell membrane, although some diffuse cytoplasmic staining can also be seen. However, following injury to either the lens epithelium or corneal endothelium of rats and frogs, stress fibers are detected, but only in those cells that migrate into the wound area. Cells on the periphery of each tissue do not partake in would repair and thus maintain their normal appearance. After the tissue has regenerated, stress fibers disappear, and those cells involved in the injury response return to their normal morphology. When rabbit corneal endothelium is placed in tissue culture, stress fibers are observed as the cells migrate away from the initial explant. Upon reaching confluency, these cells spread out and each is surrounded by thick actin containing bands. Furthermore, they exhibit some stress cables within their cytoplasm. This is in contrast to their appearance in vivo where stress fibers are absent and fluorescence is limited to a region near the cell membrane. PMID- 6983908 TI - Cholinergic nerves stimulate mucociliary transport, ciliary activity, and mucus secretion in the frog palate. AB - Mucociliary transport, ciliary activity, and mucus secretion were studied in the palate of the frog Rana pipiens by direct observation, stroboscopic synchronization of ciliary beating, and histochemistry. Excised palates were studied in vitro, and intact palates were studied in vivo. Electrical stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve in vivo or of the palatine nerve in vitro stimulated all three activities. The effect was mimicked by acetylcholine and pilocarpine, enhanced by physostigmine, and blocked by atropine but unaffected by d-tubocurarine. Stimulation increased the number of cilia beating and their rate of beating, the number of goblet cells secreting and, for small acidic cells, the amount of mucus secreted, and the rate and extent of particle transport. The response to tactile stimulation was locally restricted in vitro but widespread in vivo. It was concluded that, although there is a low basal rate of mucus secretion and ciliary activity that is independent of nervous control, stimulation of these activities in the intact animal is mediated through the central nervous system and cholinergic nerves to the palate. PMID- 6983911 TI - Receptors for the complement C3d component and the Epstein-Barr virus are quantitatively coexpressed on a series of B-cell lines and their derived somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 6983912 TI - Inhibition of cytotoxic responses by prostaglandin E2 in the presence of interleukin 2. PMID- 6983913 TI - The B-cell repertoire for autoantibodies: frequency of precursor cells for anti DNA antibodies. PMID- 6983914 TI - Natural cytotoxicity in rats: strain distribution and genetics. PMID- 6983915 TI - The differential effects of PGE on the immune response in normal and immunosuppressed mice. PMID- 6983916 TI - Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) in human b cells: correlation of expression with stages of B-cell differentiation. PMID- 6983917 TI - Antigens involved in mouse cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated killing: functional screening and topographic relationship. PMID- 6983920 TI - [Vestibular findings in divers into water]. PMID- 6983919 TI - Binding and degradation of soluble immunoglobulin aggregates by mouse mononuclear phagocytes--stimulation by colony-stimulating factor. PMID- 6983921 TI - Portal hypertension in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6983923 TI - Hereditary anaemias: genetic basis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. WHO working group. AB - The hereditary anaemias present a major genetic health problem that contributes considerably to childhood mortality and morbidity in many developing countries. This article summarizes recent scientific and technical advances in knowledge concerning the genes involved and their interaction to produce major haemoglobinopathies, the clinical pictures of these conditions, and their diagnostic criteria. Though there is no definitive cure, supportive treatment for the haemoglobinopathies has improved significantly, offering better quality of life and improved survival, and should be attempted for all such patients. For sickle cell disease, this comprises a simple set of rules that should be incorporated into existing medical care, whereas for thalassaemia, a regimen of intensive blood transfusion and regular subcutaneous infusion of deferoxamine is recommended. This treatment is stressful and probably too expensive to be applied in many developing countries until the birth rate of patients needing it can be sufficiently reduced by community control programmes. PMID- 6983925 TI - [Rift valley fever: propagation and methods of control]. PMID- 6983922 TI - Metabolism of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin. II. The structures of several metabolites of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin. PMID- 6983918 TI - Control of the expression of interleukin-2 activity. PMID- 6983927 TI - Measles and measles vaccine efficacy in a remote island population. PMID- 6983928 TI - Detection of markers of hepatitis B infection in serum dried on to filter-paper: an application to field studies. AB - In an attempt to find a cheap, reliable, and convenient method for the transportation and storage of serum specimens during seroepidemiological surveys, a technique in which serum was dried on to pieces of filter paper was developed and evaluated. For the evaluation, a total of 382 sera were selected from the extensive serum collection held by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research at Fairfield Hospital, Australia. These sera were dried on to pieces of filter-paper, stored at different temperatures and then tested for the presence of the various markers of infection with hepatitis B virus by solid phase radioimmunoassay. The results were in complete agreement with those obtained on whole serum specimens. In addition, storage at 4 degrees C, room temperature (22 degrees C), or 37 degrees C for up to 30 days did not alter the sensitivity of the test. This technique may be useful in field surveys, not only for the detection of hepatitis B infection, but also in the study of other diseases and metabolic disorders. PMID- 6983924 TI - [Rickettsioses: a problem of persistent morbidity. WHO study group on rickettsial diseases]. PMID- 6983929 TI - Long-term study of virus contamination of surface water in the German Democratic Republic. AB - Between 1 January 1970 and 31 December 1979, a study of the concentration of viruses in surface water was carried out by 4 virological laboratories in different regions of the German Democratic Republic. All these laboratories used the same methods for virus detection.Altogether 1908 samples from 30 sampling points were evaluated. The rate of virus isolation ranged from 8% to 92% with a mean of 20%. There were considerable differences in isolation rate among the sampling points, and the rate for any particular point varied from year to year.The mean value of virus concentration, determined by the most probable number technique, was 2.7 cytopathogenic units (CU) per litre, while the maximum was 22.1 CU/litre. Viruses seen throughout the 10-year investigation included poliovirus, types 1, 2, and 3, echovirus types 6, 11, and 30, and coxsackievirus B 3 and B 5; echovirus 7 and 24, coxsackievirus B 1, and adenovirus 5 were seen occasionally. The results of the study reflected the high level of use of surface waters in the German Democratic Republic.Where water is intended for human use, e.g., as drinking-water or for recreation, reasonable safety measures, such as water treatment and disinfection, should be taken, in order to ensure that the level of viral contamination is within the permissible limits. PMID- 6983926 TI - Collaborative study on antigens for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. AB - Eight research laboratories in Europe and the United States of America were selected on the basis of having published data on Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum antigens to participate in a study of various antigen/test combinations for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. The serum bank consisted of 395 well documented sera from four endemic areas in Brazil (2 areas), Kenya, and the Philippines. Altogether, 21 S. mansoni and four S. japonicum antigen and immunoassay combinations were evaluated.S. mansoni egg antigens yielded a higher combined sensitivity than adult worm antigens, irrespective of their purity, in active S. mansoni infections before and after specific treatment. Quantitative seroreactivity of characterized S. mansoni egg antigens showed good correlation with faecal egg counts in the 5-14 year age group. No correlation between morbidity related to S. mansoni and seroreactivity was observed in any test system.Three S. japonicum egg antigens showed high sensitivity and specificity in relation to the presence or absence of eggs in the stool. The quantitative seroreactivity of the characterized S. japonicum egg antigens correlated directly with the intensity of S. japonicum infection in all age groups.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using several different procedures, performed well with the antigens used in the study. The indium slide immunoassay (ISI), a simple qualitative visual test system using an S. mansoni egg antigen, demonstrated a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.The results did not indicate the superiority of any particular immunodiagnostic method for detecting antischistosome antibodies. This collaborative study is considered a first step towards developing and standardizing antigens for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. PMID- 6983930 TI - A simple field test for the detection of faecal pollution in drinking water. AB - A comprehensive field investigation in several parts of India has revealed that the presence of coliforms in drinking water is associated with hydrogen sulfide producing organisms. This paper describes a simple, rapid, and inexpensive field test for the screening of drinking water for faecal pollution, based on the detection of hydrogen sulfide. The new test showed good agreement with the standard most probable number (MPN) test. It proved highly successful in the field when it was used to detect faecal pollution and to monitor water quality during an outbreak of water-borne hepatitis A infection in the city of Gwalior. The test is reliable and simple to perform, and will be especially useful for screening rural water supplies and for large-scale screening of urban water supplies where resources, time, manpower, and laboratory facilities are limited. PMID- 6983932 TI - Modulation of the interaction of benzo[a]pyrene with a hamster tracheal epithelial cell line. AB - A hamster tracheal cell line rapidly absorbed and subsequently metabolized benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). At 10(-7) M B[a]P, less than 5% of the applied hydrocarbon was retained by the cell after 8 h incubation. However, at higher concentrations up to 20% was retained. During a subsequent 24 h incubation in the absence of polycyclic hydrocarbon, the residual B[a]P was metabolized and, for the most part, excreted. Analysis of B[a]P bound to DNA showed that alkylation increased as a consequence of metabolism of the B[a]P retained after replacement of the culture medium. Analysis of DNA repair is therefore markedly affected by the contribution from this continued alkylation. At 10(-7) M B[a]P, DNA alkylation was rapidly completed, and within 24 h a marked reduction in total adducts was observed. During this phase, a specific removal was observed of two adducts that have been tentatively identified as derived from deoxyadenosine. A slower second phase of repair was followed for up to 5 days at which time 25% of the adducts still remained in DNA. During this slow phase, the repair appeared to show preference for two of the four remaining adducts. In cells that were incubated for 8 h with 10(-6) M B[a]P, no rapid early phase of repair was seen during the following 24 h because of the continued alkylation. Thereafter, only a slow repair was observed. The deoxyadenosine adducts were still detectable 5 days after treatment suggesting that their repair was inhibited or saturated at this high concentration of B[a]P. PMID- 6983933 TI - The effect of ATP on survival in intestinal ischemia shock, hemorrhagic shock, and endotoxin shock in rats. AB - Mg-ATP 72 mumole/kg was injected into anesthetized rats subjected to intestinal ischemia shock (SAO), hemorrhagic shock (HS), and endotoxin shock (ES), shock models in which all untreated animals died. Administration of Mg-ATP in no instance improved survival rate. In SAO, Mg-ATP given intra-arterially (IA) or intraperitoneally (IP) before the period of ischemia significantly reduced the survival time, and when given IA after the period of ischemia caused no significant change in survival time. In HS survival time was not significantly altered if Mg-ATP was given IA before or after the period of hypotension, but if given IP before bleeding survival time was significantly prolonged. Marked hemodynamic effects of Mg-ATP were observed resulting in reduction of the maximum bleeding volume and in an earlier spontaneous reuptake of the shed blood. In ES survival time was not affected if the Mg-ATP was given before the endotoxin, but survival time was significantly decreased if Mg-ATP was given before as well as after the endotoxin. It is concluded that any beneficial effect of ATP is probably small, whereas the occurrence of adverse effects cannot be neglected. PMID- 6983931 TI - Salmonella species and serotypes isolated from farm animals, animal feed, sewage, and sludge in Saudi Arabia. AB - A total of 264 salmonellae representing 65 different species and serotypes were isolated for the first time in Saudi Arabia, from various animal species, animal feed, sewage, and sludge. The six most frequently isolated Salmonella species or serotypes were: livingstone, concord, "S. schottmuelleri" (invalid), lille, S. typhimurium, and cerro. PMID- 6983934 TI - "The effect of ATP on survival in intestinal ischemia shock, hemorrhagic shock, and endotoxin shock in rats". PMID- 6983935 TI - The distribution of clinical findings in Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing spondylitis) suggests distinct genetic subgroups. AB - One hundred and twenty-two consecutive patients hospitalized for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were reexamined. The frequency of clinical signs and results of tests for associations are presented. Psoriasis was associated with a distal pattern of peripheral arthropathy. Spinal rigidity was predominantly seen in males. Males with phalangeal arthropathy exhibited preserved spinal mobility. This was the case also when HLA B27 positives and patients who did not have psoriasis were considered separately. HLA B27 positive patients in this group had frequently experienced acute anterior uveitis. It seems possible that the disease in such males is the result of combined predisposition to ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthropathy. Hip arthropathy was frequently present in males with spinal rigidity. The associations observed confirm that AS is a heterogenous group of diseases. The term "syndrome" may be suitable for such a heterogenous group, and we prefer the term "Bechterew's syndrome" as the name of this group. When these new findings are added to the previous observations that acute anterior uveitis probably is a clinical, sex-influenced characteristic of HLA B27 positive Bechterew's syndrome, that HLA B27 negative patients with Bechterew's syndrome frequently had psoriasis and were HLA B13 and B17 negative, and that psoriasis was frequent in HLA B27 positive patients as well, we tentatively conclude that different and interacting genetic mechanisms may be involved in the etiology of Bechterew's syndrome. PMID- 6983936 TI - Effect of red cell transfusions, thymic hormone and deoxycytidine in severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency. PMID- 6983937 TI - Mitogenic stimulation of malignant B cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: relationship between stimulation and surface phenotype. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 14 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), formalinized Staphylococcus aureus (Sta) and a combination of both mitogens. The leukaemic B cells were characterized by rosetting techniques (using mouse erythrocytes and complement coated erythrocytes) and immunofluorescence for membrane bound immunoglobulin (mIg). No clear correlation between phenotype and the reactivity with PWM could be found. Results of stimulation with Sta however, indicate that lymphocytes carrying membrane bound IgM (mIgM) and IgD (mIgD) and the receptor of the third complement component (C3R) can be induced to differentiate into immunoglobulin (Ig) containing cells. Addition of PWM to these cultures often enhanced this response. Some leukaemic B cells are able to differentiate after challenge with the appropriate stimulus. PMID- 6983938 TI - The immunological profile of mycosis fungoides. AB - The immune reactivity of 25 patients with mycosis fungoides was studied twice with a 6 month interval using a panel of T lymphocyte surface markers and functional tests. Patients with clinically inactive disease (stage I + II) had normal T lymphocyte biology. Patients with clinically active disease (stage II IV) had T lymphopenia, alterations in T cell subpopulations (T gamma and T mu) and a reduced lymphocyte reactivity in vitro following mitogen (PHA, Con A, PWM) and antigen (PPD) stimulation. They also had a reduced secretion of immunoglobulin in vitro after PWM stimulation, apparently due to the alterations in their T lymphocyte subpopulations. The observed changes in the peripheral blood T lymphocyte population and the in vitro function of lymphocytes were not shared by lymphocytes from histologically affected lymph nodes. The natural killer cell activity in blood lymphocytes was found to be normal in all patients. PMID- 6983939 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and lung lavage in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis: analysis by monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. PMID- 6983940 TI - Induction of human immunoglobulin secretion. III. Inhibition of induction of IgG and IgA production in spleen but not peripheral blood cells by mitogenic antibody to IgM and IgD. PMID- 6983941 TI - Analyses of adult T-cell leukemia using the monoclonal (anti-Leu-1, anti-Leu-2a, and anti-Leu-3a) and heterologous anti-glycolipid (anti-asialo GM1) antibodies. PMID- 6983942 TI - Reactivity of anti-histone antibodies induced by procainamide and hydralazine. PMID- 6983943 TI - Characterization of anti-F(ab')2 antibodies in SLE patients. Evidence for cross reacting auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies. PMID- 6983944 TI - Effect of oral fluid and synthetic calcifying fluids in vitro on remineralization of enamel lesions. PMID- 6983947 TI - Effects of age and length of exposure to fluoridated water on root surface fluoride concentration. PMID- 6983945 TI - Career orientations of dental wives. An empirical study. PMID- 6983946 TI - Preventive resin restoration. Innovative use of sealants in restorative dentistry. PMID- 6983948 TI - Comparison of plasma concentrations of vitamin D and its metabolites in young and aged domestic animals. AB - 1. Vitamin D and its metabolites were measured in the plasma of five species of rural domestic animals. 2. Concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was higher (P less than 0.01) in young animals (range 24-118 pg/ml, means +/- SD = 72.0 +/- 30.0) than in adult animals (range 14-67 pg/ml, means +/- SD = 40.2 +/- 22.6). 3. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23 lactone was present only in the chick and the pig. 4. Unsheared sheep appeared to be inefficient utilizers of the photochemical conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D3. 5. Conversion of 25 hydroxyvitamin D to 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was most efficient in species with high plasma phosphorus concentrations (pig, sheep). PMID- 6983949 TI - Creatine phosphokinase in Rana pipiens: expression in embryos, early larvae and adult tissues. AB - 1. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isozymes found in Rana pipiens are similar to those found elsewhere; muscle-specific (MM-CPK), brain-specific (BB-CPK) and intermediate hybrid (MB-CPK) isozymes were identified. 2. Adult tissues exhibit CPK isozyme patterns similar to other vertebrates although variations are notable in nervous tissue, liver and kidney. 3. CPK isozyme patterns in ovarian eggs, ovulated eggs and selected stages of early development demonstrate a significant rise in CPK with neurulation. Most notable is a sharp increase in brain-specific BB-CPK. 4. MM-CPK purified from skeletal muscle is found to be similar, in properties studied, to the corresponding isozyme in other vertebrate species. PMID- 6983952 TI - ["Intestinal type" malignant histocytosis: a report of 17 cases]. PMID- 6983951 TI - Are you listening? (weaning from mechanical ventilator). PMID- 6983950 TI - Are you listening? (Delirium). PMID- 6983954 TI - [Severe reactions caused by Conray-400 used in ventriculography and myelography]. PMID- 6983953 TI - [Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia: a case report and review of the literature]. PMID- 6983955 TI - [Interrelation of cytochrome P-450 activity in the lymphocytes with their immune function]. PMID- 6983956 TI - [Blocking action of tubocurarine in spontaneous acetylcholine release from the nerve ending]. PMID- 6983957 TI - Co-trimoxazole or trimethoprim alone? A viewpoint on their relative place in therapy. PMID- 6983959 TI - Special symposium on mechanisms in rheumatoid inflammation. PMID- 6983960 TI - The HLA system and the rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6983958 TI - Biosynthesis and secretion of alpha 1-antitrypsin in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Characterization of differently glycosylated intracellular and extracellular forms. AB - The biosynthesis and secretion of alpha 1-antitrypsin was studied in rat hepatocyte primary cultures. After labeling with [35S]methionine an alpha 1 antitrypsin with an apparent molecular weight of 49000 estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis was immunoprecipitated from the cell homogenate. This intracellular form of alpha 1-antitrypsin could be deglycosylated by endoglycosidase H treatment indicating that its oligosaccharide chains were of the high-mannose type. Pulse-chase experiments showed that about 30 min after its synthesis the transformation of the 49000-Mr alpha 1-antitrypsin to a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 54000 began. Only this 54000-Mr protein was secreted by the hepatocytes. The 54000-Mr alpha 1-antitrypsin was not sensitive to endoglycosidase H, but sensitive to neuraminidase, and it incorporated [3H]galactose and [3H]fucose indicating that its oligosaccharide chains were of the complex type. In the presence of tunicamycin, which blocks the formation of N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chains, an unglycosylated alpha 1-antitrypsin with an apparent molecular weight of 41000 was found in the cells as well as in the medium. However, tunicamycin decreased the secretion of alpha 1 antitrypsin by 60-70%, whereas the secretion of albumin remained unaffected. In the presence of colchicine the secretion of both alpha 1-antitrypsin and albumin was impaired. The results demonstrate the importance of glycosylation for the secretion of alpha 1-antitrypsin. PMID- 6983962 TI - Autoimmune reactions and hepatitis. PMID- 6983961 TI - The HLA system in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6983965 TI - Treatment of acute gouty attack and gout prophylaxis with carprofen. PMID- 6983963 TI - Autoimmune reactions and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The reviewed data suggest with a high degree of certainty that IgG and IgG antibodies in immune complexes as well as native and denatured collagen type I, II, and III are autoantigens capable of inducing T cell activation in patients with RA. Proteoglycans and their derivatives seem to modify lymphocyte reactions in a largely non-specific way and their potential to activate T Lymphocytes in RA has still to be confirmed. The occurrence of activation products of T lymphocytes in synovial tissue incubates and synovial fluid of RA patients that is of lymphokines seems to be established. The major autoantibody synthesized by synovial tissue (ST) of seropositive and seronegative RA and juvenile RA patients is IgG- rheumatoid factor (RF) and in seropositive adult cases in addition IgM Rf. Synthesis of various types of agglutinators by ST plasma cells of adult and juvenile RA patients is a distinct but less prominent feature--than synthesis of Rf. In addition indirect evidence suggests that RA-ST synthesizes to some degree antibodies directed against native and denatured collagen type I/II/III and antibodies directed against different nuclear antigens as well as immunoconglutinin. All these autoantibodies seem to participate in the immune complex formation in RA joints and to activate the complement system. The vast majority of immune complexes, however, consists of IgG-Rf/IgG antigen and--in seropositive RA--of IgM-Rf. PMID- 6983964 TI - Pharmacological properties of carprofen. AB - Carprofen, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, showed marked anti inflammatory and analgesic effects in various relevant experimental models. The analgesic activity was restricted to conditions where pain was provoked by an inflammatory process. Induction of intestinal ulcers was the only side effect recognizable in animals and occurred only after high doses. Inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by carprofen was slight in relation to its anti inflammatory and analgesic potency. As ulcerogenicity of non-steroidal anti inflammatory agents is correlated with inhibition of the PG-synthesis, the insignificant impairment of the PG-synthesis in therapeutically effective doses may explain the good gastrointestinal tolerance repeatedly reported for carprofen in clinical trials. PMID- 6983966 TI - Experience with carprofen in extra-articular inflammatory processes. AB - Carprofen is a new non-steroidal compound with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties. Eighty patients with different types of extra-articular inflammatory processes such as periarthritis humero-scapularis, tendinitis, bursitis, etc., were studied by means of two double-blind protocol designs comparing carprofen 150 and 300 mg daily, either as a b.i.d. or a t.i.d. administration, for two weeks. The criteria to determine the therapeutic properties of the compound was based on the improvement of spontaneous pain, pain with movement and functional limitation. Evolution of symptoms showed that either 150 or 300 mg carprofen administered as a b.i.d. schedule, were equally effective (chi 2 test between groups was not significant). According to a t.i.d. schedule results were better with 300 mg. General tolerance was excellent and only 15% of the patients receiving 300 mg complained of side-effects, such as nausea, mild dermatitis, acidity and insomnia. In conclusion, carprofen 150 or 300 mg has a good therapeutical activity in extra-articular inflammatory processes, employing either a b.i.d. or a t.i.d. schedule. PMID- 6983967 TI - Studies with a spontaneous murine tumour--I. Indetectibility of host immune resistance with tumour-activated elaboration of T cell stimulatory lymphokines in vitro. AB - A spontaneous tumour SP/N-1 which arose in a BALB/c female mouse and histologically consistent with breast origin was studied in vivo and in vitro to assess host responses to the tumour. Examination by means of the established methods of tumour cell challenge and cell transfer assays following 'immunization' of the isogeneic host against the tumour failed to provide clear evidence of host recognition and reactivity. Cell transfers conducted using critical numbers of tumour cells in which tumour to spleen cell ratios of up to 1:1000 were employed did not show any sign of antitumour activity within the pretreated host spleen cells. Nor was there any evidence of host resistance when presensitized mice were challenged with graded doses of tumour cells ranging from 10(4) cells, with no take of tumours, to 5 X 10(4) cells, with total acceptance of the tumour by the challenged mice. Despite failures to demonstrate clear immune recognition of tumour by the above criteria, normal spleen cells when incubated with the tumour cells in vitro elaborated factors with stimulatory and possibly suppressive properties. At least one of these factors was shown to stimulate T cells as evidenced by stimulation of DNA synthesis in thymocytes. This could be shown readily in the presence of a submitogenic concentration of Con A. PMID- 6983968 TI - Pre-B cell differentiation in the bone marrow: a proliferative pathway parallels the post-mitotic maturation of early B cells. AB - Considerable heterogeneity was found in bone marrow B cell progenitors as functionally defined, size-separated populations were analyzed for their density of membrane IgM receptors, their adherence potential to nylon wool fibers and their susceptibility to lipopolysaccharide-induced differentiation to IgM secretion. The investigation of their cycling status with tritiated thymidine further permitted definition of resting and actively proliferating populations. Heterogeneity was found in the fraction of resting small cells as expected for early B cells progressing through postmitotic maturation. However, the data suggest that part of the pre-B cell progeny can also mature during a proliferative phase. PMID- 6983969 TI - Human lymphocyte proliferation. II. Formation of activated (G1) cells. AB - The kinetics of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the early phases (G0, G1a, G1b) of the first cell cycle have been analyzed in vitro by cytofluorometry and [3H]thymidine incorporation. Cells were detected in the G1a, G1b and S phases 12-14, 20-22 and 24-26 h after stimulation, respectively. The total number of PHA-induced G1 cells reached a plateau after 32 h of incubation, upon which a second increase followed, 10 h later. The latter increase was considered to be a result of cells initiating their second cell cycle, since it could be abolished by hydroxyurea. By examination of supernatants, interleukin 2 (IL 2) activities could be recovered 6-10 h after PHA stimulation. In contrast, the monokine IL 1 was already detected after 2 h. Both interleukins were present in the culture medium before the major G1a cell formation took place. The titer of free IL 2 increased to a maximum after 18-22 h, whereafter a decline was observed. This decline was less pronounced if cultures were treated with hydroxyurea. Finally, among individual donors, the total number of lymphocytes entering the G1 phase and the time at which the G1a G1b transition took place varied. Lower numbers of G1 cells and delayed G1a-G1b transition coincided with lower IL 2 titers and delayed occurrence of maximal titers in the supernatants. PMID- 6983970 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity induced in immunodeficient mice with syngeneic modified self antigens: a suggestive model of autoimmune response. AB - Previous studies suggested that trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified syngeneic red cells induced humoral autoimmune response in mice with defective T cell function but not in normal mice. The ability of modified self antigen to induce autoimmune response in immunodeficient mice was further explored using the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) as an assay system. Mice were immunized with syngeneic TNP modified spleen cells (TNP-SC) and challenged by syngeneic nonmodified concanavalin A (Con A) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated spleen cells injected into their footpads. The DTH response was assessed 24, 48 and 72 h later by measuring the footpad swelling and was transferred to naive recipients with enriched T cells from TNP-SC-immunized irradiated A mice but not with serum or non-T cells. Adult thymectomized, X-irradiated (250 rds) and cyclophosphamide treated mice injected with syngeneic TNP-SC generated a DTH response when subsequently challenged with syngeneic lymphoblasts (induced with Con A or LPS) but not when challenged with allogeneic blast cells. In contrast, normal mice treated in a similar manner exhibited a much less significant DTH response. SC incubated 1 to 3 h with Con A failed to elicit the DTH response of immunodeficient mice previously injected with TNP-SC. Both lymphoblasts that were induced in vitro with Con A diluted in fetal calf serum or in normal mouse serum containing media, and lymphoblasts that were induced in vivo by interleukin 2 elicited DTH responses in X-irradiated, TNP-SC immunized mice. The syngeneic DTH response of the immunodeficient mice injected with TNP-SC was abrogated when they were simultaneously transplanted with syngeneic SC or nylon wool-passed syngeneic SC. If the transplanted splenocytes had been treated with anti-Thy-1 antiserum and complement they failed to abrogate the syngeneic-DTH response of the above mentioned mice. This result suggests that suppressor cells are programmed to control the autoimmune response induced with modified self antigens. PMID- 6983971 TI - Alloactivated long-term cultured human T lymphocytes express both HLA-DR and SB antigens but lack lymphocyte stimulation capacity. AB - Cell populations obtained from mixed leukocyte cultures of 6- or 10-day duration were found specifically to restimulate primed lymphocytes detecting HLA-linked SB as well as HLA-D-associated antigens. After expansion in vitro (9-75 days) with medium containing interleukin 2, the cultured cells expressed the T lymphocyte markers detected in indirect immunofluorescence by monoclonal antibodies Lyt-3, OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, and had high levels of HLA-DR antigens. In addition, they were shown in cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity specifically to express SB antigens of the donor B cell type. Despite their positivity for DR and SB antigens, such cultured T cells failed to restimulate either SB- or D-specific secondary lymphocyte proliferation. Homogeneous cloned populations of cultured T cells also lacked lymphocyte stimulation capacity. In contrast, B cell lines, which also expressed DR and SB antigens, were potent stimulators of both SB- or D-directed proliferation. These data show that the activated T lymphocytes which express both HLA-DR and SB antigens are by themselves unable to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 6983972 TI - Clearance of interleukin 2 from the blood of normal and T cell-depleted mice. AB - Partially purified, concentrated interleukin 2 (IL 2) was injected i.v. into normal and T cell-depleted mice. At various times after injection IL 2 was determined in the sera of these mice. An interference with the test by a potential inhibitor of IL 2 in the serum was excluded. Il 2 was cleared equally rapidly, with a half-life of 3 min, from the blood of both groups of mice. It is concluded that IL 2 is a short-range mediator under physiological conditions, and that clearance was not due to adsorption to T cells. PMID- 6983973 TI - The effect of 2-4 dinitrophenol on cell to cell communication in the frog lens. PMID- 6983974 TI - Enrichment of hematopoietic progenitor cells (CFUC and BFUE) from human peripheral blood. AB - Granulocytic (CFUC) and erythroid (BFUE) progenitor cells have been rapidly purified from human peripheral blood approximately 140 fold by combining centrifugation on a density cushion and immunoadherence cell separation methods. An initial light density (d less than 1.071 g/cm3) mononuclear cell fraction, enriched for progenitor cells, was obtained by centrifugation of whole blood on a modified Ficoll-Hypaque density cushion. Cultures of the light-density cells gave cloning efficiencies (defined as the percentage of total cells plated) of 0.008% and 0.015% for CFUC and BFUE respectively. Further purification was achieved by negative selection whereby selective populations of immunocompetent cells were removed. Thus, B cells and monocytes (as well as up to 50% high affinity Fc receptor bearing cells) were simultaneously depleted by immunoadherence to plastic petri dishes coated with rabbit anti-human IgG. Leu-3a positive (helper) and Leu-2a positive (suppressor) T cells were then simultaneously depleted by an indirect "panning" method, whereby the T cell subsets were coated with the corresponding murine monoclonal antibodies prior to their removal by immunoadherence to plastic petri dishes coated with goat anti-mouse IgG. The final cell fraction, which contained approximately 2% of the initial light density cells were highly enriched for CFUC and BFUE, having cloning efficiencies of 0.37% (+/- 0.30) and 0.27% (+/- 0.24) respectively. Overall, the purification procedure used in the present study is relatively rapid, simple and reproducible. As such, it should provide a viable and convenient alternative approach to previously published methods for purifying hematopoietic progenitor cells from human peripheral blood. PMID- 6983975 TI - Differences in the sensitivity of normal human peripheral blood and bone marrow granulocytic-macrophagic and eosinophilic colony forming cells (CFC) to a source of colony stimulating factor. AB - The relative sensitivity of normal human peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) granulocytic-macrophagic and eosinophilic committed stem cells (CFC) to a source of colony stimulating factor (CSF) was evaluated. In this study, PB and BM cells depleted of mature granulocytes, monocytes (Mo), thymus dependent lymphocytes (T cells), and, in some studies, bone marrow derived lymphocytes (B cells) were cultured in soft agar medium. Human placental conditioned medium (HPCM) was used as a source of CSF. The time sequence evaluation of cultures of PB and BM cells in the presence of a constant amount of HPCM confirmed the results of earlier culture studies of unseparated PB and BM nucleated cells which showed that the proliferation of PB CFC is maximum at or after days 14 to 15 and that of BM CFC at days 7 to 8. Culture of a constant number of PB and BM cells with variable amounts of HPCM indicated that PB CFC require an exogenous source of CSF for proliferation whereas BM CFC proliferate to a modest degree in its absence. The rate of increase in the number of CFC proliferated with the addition of increasing amounts of HPCM is higher for BM than for PB. These data indicate that the BM CFC are more sensitive to a source of CSF than are the PB CFC. Also, the results of this study, along with those in the literature, support the concept that the PB and BM CFC comprise distinct populations, and, further, suggest that the PB CFC is more primitive than the day 7 BM CFC. PMID- 6983976 TI - Hemopoietic stem cells in nude mice transplanted with colony-stimulating-factor producing tumors. AB - When pieces of a human pulmonary carcinoma which was producing colony-stimulating factor (CSF) were transplanted into nude mice a marked granulocytosis of 10(6)/mm3 was observed in the nude mice 4 weeks after the transplantation. In order to elucidate the control mechanism of hemopoiesis, we studied the kinetics of the hemopoietic stem cells of these mice. The number of GM-CFC, CFUE, Meg-CFC and CFUS in the whole body increased to 6 times, 8 times, 6 times and 36 times as much respectively as those of the control mice. The increase in the number of these progenitors occurred mainly in the spleen. The sera of these mice contained only CSF. The cycling fraction of GM-CFC and CFUS determined by thymidine suicide technique was increased. From these findings, it could be considered that CSF produced in these mice acted directly or indirectly on CFUS inducing their differentiation into committed stem cells. PMID- 6983978 TI - Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction ratio and oxygen utilization in stroke patients using positron emission tomography. PMID- 6983980 TI - Dementia: biometrical indicators of state? PMID- 6983977 TI - Cerebral energy relationships in dementia: a prospective study with positron emission tomography. PMID- 6983979 TI - Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in aging and senile dementia as determined by 18F-deoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. PMID- 6983981 TI - Computertomography and vascular (multiinfarct) dementia: a qualitative and quantitative investigation. AB - In a qualitative approach it was shown in 204 patients with ischaemic stroke that Computertomography is significantly more often normal and atrophy more seldom in the demented patients. In addition the importance of a bilateral distribution of infarcts in the demented group was shown as well as the more common affection of the thalamus in the demented patients as compared with the non demented group. The quantitative approach was performed with measurements of the width of the 3rd ventricle, the Huckmann, the ventricle, the cella media index as well as the calculation of an index brain/CSF density. Here the importance of total loss of substance - atrophy and infarcts - was evident, explaining why measurements of the ventricle dimensions only - apart from the distribution of infarcts - were not always relevant. PMID- 6983982 TI - Accelerated development of a Th-2 type factor in animals with and without an imbalance between help and suppression. AB - A helper factor can be detected in antigen-treated supernatants from spleen T and adherent cells of sensitized animals. This factor promotes an indirect hapten specific plaque forming response of B cells, irrespective of the identity of the carrier, i.e. provides the Th-2 type of help. Factor production increases with age and occurs most rapidly in strains known to have an accelerated decrease of suppressor capacity. The reason for the inverse correlation between suppressor capacity and the Th-2 type of helper factor is discussed. PMID- 6983983 TI - The possible roles of the myosin heads. AB - It is suggested that, in the conditions which exist in vivo, one head of a myosin molecule interacts with another head of the opposite molecule, inside the backbone of the thick filament. The other head lies outside and can interact with actin. This model is based on the fact that a dimer of the myosin heads exists and that there is a close correlation between the properties of the dimer and those of the thick filament diameter. In natural filaments, there are myosin molecules in excess and it is suggested that these molecules have their two heads outside the backbone. PMID- 6983985 TI - [Recording of the light-induced potentials of the isolated rod outer segments]. PMID- 6983984 TI - [Changes in the activity of the intracardiac postganglionic apparatus during the interaction of the regulatory sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on the pacemaker rhythm]. AB - Chronotropic effect on the isolated sinus node of the frog heart and postganglionic impulse activity of the intracardiac pathways were studied during separate and joint stimulation of extracardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The joint stimulation attenuated or augmented the impulse activity. This effect depended on the "energy" of initial parasympathetic and/or sympathetic activity. beta-Adrenoblocking inderal abolished the parasympathetic impulse activity augmentation. A possible role of intracardiac ganglionic system in the sympathetic-parasympathetic interaction is discussed. PMID- 6983986 TI - Epidermal tissue requirement for tadpole tail regression induced by thyroid hormone. PMID- 6983987 TI - Concanavalin A as a peripherally acting inhibitor of thyroxin-mediated metamorphosis in amphibians. PMID- 6983988 TI - Impaired phagocytic function and increased immune complexes in diabetics with severe microangiopathy. AB - An increase in circulating immune complexes (AgAb) of medium size has been observed in diabetics with late complications. This increase may be related either to an increased formation or reduced clearance. Alternatively, both mechanisms may be involved. As medium-sized AgAb determined by the C1q solid phase method are mainly removed from circulation by the fixed phagocytes of the reticulo-endothelial system, we investigated the function of these cells using a colloid clearance test in diabetics with various degrees of microangiopathy. Microaggregated iodinated human serum albumin was injected into 30 diabetic volunteers with severe (group 1), moderate (group 2), and absent (group 3) microangiopathy, and into 40 normal volunteers. The colloid clearance was significantly reduced in diabetics with severe microangiopathy in comparison with patients who had no sign of microangiopathy, or with normal subjects. A significant correlation was found between reduced colloid clearance and increased levels of circulating AgAb determined by C1q solid phase method. Results of this study suggest that the increase in circulating AgAb observed in patients with severe microangiopathy may result from an impaired function of mixed phagocytes. PMID- 6983989 TI - Characteristics of C3H/He mouse embryo cell lines established by culture with or without benzaldehyde. AB - The characteristics of RME-5-3-1 cell line, which had been established from C3H/He mouse embryos by culture in benzaldehyde-containing medium, were compared with those of a benzaldehyde-untreated cell line, RME-5-1, derived from the same embryos as the former and with those of RME-5-1/TMT cell line, reestablished from the tumors induced by implantation of RME-5-1 cells into syngeneic mice. The characterization of these cell lines covered cell morphology, chromosome distribution, population doubling time, saturation density, fibronectin, epidermal growth factor receptor, plasminogen activator, ornithine decarboxylase, anchorage-independent growth and transplantability into mice. The results indicated that RME-5-3-1 cells had well-preserved normal phenotypes, while both RME-5-1 and RME-5-1/TMT cells showed malignant phenotypes to varying degrees. PMID- 6983991 TI - [Active chronic hepatitis with incomplete CREST syndrome: value of anticentromere antibodies]. PMID- 6983992 TI - [Differential-diagnostic value of changes of the lymphocyte capacity for rosette formation under the effect of occupational chemical allergens]. PMID- 6983990 TI - A novel pre-T cell line derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - A cultured cell line, P30/Ohkubo with pre-T cell phenotype, was established from an 11-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). According to the morphological, cytochemical and immunological analyses, P30/Ohkubo was found to have common-ALL antigen, Ia-like antigen, pan-T cell antigen, and L2 morphology with localized acid phosphatase staining, but not rosette-forming capacity with sheep erythrocytes, B1 antigen or surface immunoglobulins. Chromosome analysis revealed that P30/Ohkubo had two constant marker chromosomes [11q +, del (9)], but lacked 14q +. These findings indicate that P30/Ohkubo is a novel cultured cell line of pre-T cell phenotype. These characteristics have remained unchanged for more than 20 months since establishment of the cell line. PMID- 6983994 TI - Adjuvant hydroxyprogesterone caproate in stage I endometrial carcinoma: changes in numbers and reactivities of some blood lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6983993 TI - [Histochemical criteria of the mechanism of styrol effect on the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 6983997 TI - [Analysis of the murine autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. II. Role of thymus in maturation of the responder T cells]. AB - Bone marrow chimera mice sharing an identical H-2 K end as the donor were able to respond in an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). On the other hand, bone marrow chimera made from histoincompatible partners or partners having identical D end of the H-2 were unable to respond. In the secondary responses of the AMLR primed cells from semiallogeneic bone marrow chimera, T cells responded specifically only to the cells which shared identical H-2 haplotypes with the recipient. AMLR primed cells from F1 T cell deprived mice (F1 At X BM mice) transplanted with the thymus grafts were able to respond only to the cells bearing identical H-2 haplotypes with the thymus grafts. It therefore becomes clear that responder cell activity of the AMLR is genetically restricted by the MHC along the pathway of their maturation through the thymus microenvironment. However, an experiment using athymic nude mice suggests the presence of another pathway for being restricted to the stimulator cells, because nude mice which were unable to respond in the AMLR could generate the reaction after thymic grafting from allogeneic donor. PMID- 6983995 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of a1-Antitrypsin and a1-Antichymotrypsin in human gastrointestinal tract. AB - a1-Antitrypsin and a1-Antichymotrypsin were demonstrated by the peroxidase- antiperoxidase (PAP) technique in paraffin sections from various parts of the normal adult gastrointestinal tract. Thus, positive reaction for these two proteinase inhibitors was given by the absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine and epithelial cells of Brunner's duodenal glands and the glands of the pyloric antrum. Our findings suggest that the presence of a1-Antitrypsin and a1 Antichymotrypsin in epithelial cells of the small intestine, may represent a self protecting mechanism against the pancreatic proteolytic enzymes of the intestinal juices. The significance of our observation and its possible role in the previously reported a1AT deficiency associated with coeliac-like disease is also discussed. PMID- 6983996 TI - [Analysis of the murine autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. I. Characterization of the stimulator cells and their recognition sites]. AB - A stimulating activity in the SMLR was found in the mice of a week after birth at low but significant level and it became to be an adult level within only two to three weeks. A responding activity however remained very low until three to four weeks after birth. But this discrepant phenomenon could not be due to immaturation of the responder cells, since some T cell population was detected in the splenocytes of young mice which suppressed SMLR of adult mice. The responder cells of SMLR were T cells. On the other hand, stimulator populations of this reaction consisted of macrophages and B lymphocytes. Spleen adherent cells and peritoneal exudate cells showed a strong stimulating activity. But in the SMLR, highly purified B cells did not have a stimulating capacity, since removal of adherent populations from surface Ig(+) spleen cells entailed a loss of stimulating activity for responder T lymphocytes. With a help of macrophages, B lymphocytes acquired a stimulating activity which was easily blocked with anti-Ia antisera. Responder T lymphocytes recognized B lymphocytes across the MHC barrier in the secondary responses, whereas they were able to respond only to the histocompatible macrophages. Specific stimulation in the SMLR therefore was determined not by B cells, but by macrophages. Recognition sites of stimulators in the SMLR were presumed to be Ia antigens, especially products of I-A(B) subregions from the results of blocking assay with anti-Ia antisera and of secondary responses of the SMLR primed cells. PMID- 6983998 TI - HCG-TSH overlap and induction of Galli-Mainini reaction with TSH in adult male frogs. PMID- 6983999 TI - Preferential but nonexclusive expression of macromolecular antigens on B-lineage cells. PMID- 6984000 TI - Major histocompatibility complex restricted self-recognition by B cells and T cells in responses to TNP-Ficoll. PMID- 6984001 TI - Surface antigen expression and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement during mouse pre B cell development. AB - The first part of this article discusses the isolation and characterization of several monoclonal antibodies to the B lineage-specific surface molecule, B220. B220 was shown to be expressed on precursors of B cells by the demonstration that removal of B220+ cells from B cell-depleted bone marrow removes the ability of bone marrow to regenerate B cells. Although these antibodies recognize a broad range of differentiation stages within the B lineage, they can be used to isolate highly enriched populations of pre-B cells from mouse bone marrow. We also describe the use of antibodies to the surface markers B220 and ThB to define two sequential stages of pre-B cell differentiation. A simplified diagram of our current view of the B lineage differentiation sequence is shown in Figure 4. No attempt has been made to include the various functionally defined B cell subsets on this diagram since we know almost nothing about the expression of these two surface markers on them. This model reflects an assumption that the early part of B cell differentiation is a linear rather than a branching pathway. At present, there is no evidence for a branching pathway, but little evidence against it either. B220 is the first B cell-specific molecule known to be expressed during differentiation and it continues to be expressed on most subsequent B lineage cells. In this regard, it resembles the Thy-1 molecule on thymus-derived lymphocytes and, like Thy-1, B220 should be quite useful for identifying and classifying B lineage cells. One example of this is the use of B220 expression to clearly assign germinal center cells to the B lineage. The example of Thy-1+, RA3 2C2+ cells from mice with the lpr/lpr genotype, however, suggests that some caution should be used when interpreting data, especially with pathological samples. The availability of substantially purified pre-B cell populations has made it possible to follow changes in immunoglobulin gene organization and expression during differentiation. Our current understanding of these events is also shown in Figure 4, correlated with cell surface phenotype. The large pre-B cell population has extensive heavy chain rearrangements and synthesizes significant quantities of mu heavy chain, but does not yet have detectable light chain gene rearrangement. The small pre-B population consists of two cell types, some with kappa gene rearrangement and some without. This suggests that kappa rearrangement occurs within this cell population, which is homogeneous with respect to morphology and surface phenotype. The asynchrony of heavy and light chain gene rearrangement results in an asynchrony at the level of expression of these genes as well, but the purpose of this remains one of many unanswered questions about pre-B cell differentiation. Now that it is possible to identify, isolate, and manipulate pre-B cells as readily as B or T cells, many of these questions may now be addressed. PMID- 6984002 TI - Analysis of B lymphocyte differentiation antigens by flow microfluorometry. PMID- 6984003 TI - Some compartments of B cell differentiation. PMID- 6984004 TI - Lyb antigens and their role in B lymphocyte activation. AB - Anti-Lyb 7 antibodies selectively inhibit in vitro immune responses to the TI-2 antigens but not to TI-1 antigens. The Lyb 7 differentiation antigen is distinct from Lyb 5 and is coded by genes linked to IgCH loci. Lyb 8 is a new B cell differentiation antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody. It is a molecule of 95 kd and is specified by genes linked to Gpi on chromosome 7. Since Lyb 8 is found on pre-B cells and since it has no demonstrable function in B cell activation, its current role is as an early marker that signifies commitment of stem cells to the B cell lineage. m-anti-Lyb 2 antibodies inhibit in vitro antibody responses to SRBC and TI-2 antigens but not to TI-1 antigens, m-anti-Lyb 2 induces B cell proliferation only in the Lyb 5+ subset of B cells. Lyb 2 antigens are suggested to play the role of a receptor for a physiological T cell-derived soluble mediator required at one stage of activation of B cells into antibody-forming cells. PMID- 6984005 TI - Immunogenetics of mouse B-cell alloantigen systems defined by monoclonal antibodies and gene-cluster formation of these loci. PMID- 6984006 TI - Application of cultured human myeloid cells (K562) for detection of immune complexes in human sera. AB - Cultured human myeloid cells (K562) are known to bear Fc receptors that bind with aggregated human IgG (AHG). These cells were used to develop a radiometric assay for detection and quantitation of immune complexes (IC) in human sera. The binding of AHG or in vitro-formed IC between keyhole lympet hemocyanin (KLH) and human anti-KLH to the K562 cells did not require complement. When the K562 radiometric assay was compared to the complement-consumption assay, the K562 radiometric assay could detect IC over a wider range of antibody:antigen ratios. The incidence and mean IC values detected by the K562 radiometric assay in sera from cancer patients and patients with connective tissue diseases (498 +/- 445 and 436 +/- 209 micrograms AHG equ/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than in sera from healthy volunteers (107 +/- 62 micrograms AHG equ/ml). The IC level among sera from cancer patients ranged from 1-3200 micrograms AHG equ/ml. Studies with a limited number of sera from melanoma and sarcoma patients revealed that the mean IC values were significantly higher in patients who had clinically detectable disease than in those with no evidence of disease. Since the K562 cells do not require complement to interact with AHG, the K562 radiometric assay may be potentially useful for detecting IC in pathologic sera which may or may not contain in vivo-bound complement components. PMID- 6984007 TI - Two biologically different mouse IgG1 antibodies. AB - Isolated mouse antibodies were submitted to affinity chromatography with protein A. Three peaks were obtained: peak I that did not bind to protein A, peak II eluted with 0.5 M NaSCN and peak III eluted with 2.0 M NaSCN. Peak I and peak II contained IgG1 but no detectable IgG2 or IgG3, whereas peak III contained IgG2 and IgG3 but no detectable IgG1. Peak I, but not peak II, showed heat-resistant passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) activity in rats which was absorbed by anti IgG1 antiserum but not by anti-IgE. Both peak I and peak II showed heat-resistant PCA activity in mice, that was absorbed by anti-IgG1 serum. Peak III showed PCA activity in guinea pigs but not in mice or rats. These findings suggest that mouse IgG1 can be divided into 2 populations that differ in their affinity for protein A and in their PCA activity. PMID- 6984008 TI - Human lymphocyte proliferation. I. Correlation between activated and proliferating T-lymphocytes. AB - The response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to Con A and PHA has been analyzed by [3H]thymidine incorporation and cytofluorometry. Using the latter method, it is possible to quantitate the number of cells in the G0 phase (normal RNA and DNA content) and in the G1 phase (elevated RNA, but normal DNA content). A very high correlation is found between numbers of Con A or PHA-induced G1 cells and [3H]thymidine incorporation in healthy donors. This high correlation is found when culture medium is enriched with 10% autologous plasma or 10% AB-serum. The use of a recently developed defined serum-free medium (RPMI 1640 with albumin, alanine, transferrin, sodium selenite and zinc chloride), however, suggest that donors can be divided into two groups according to different medium requirements for PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. Because several immunoregulatory mechanisms at the level of T-lymphocytes take place in the G1 phase, it can therefore be expected that cytofluorometric analyses of lymphocytes in the various cell cycle phases may improve the interpretation of altered lymphocyte response to lectins and antigens. PMID- 6984009 TI - Selective induction of T-cell subsets capable of accelerating and retarding Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - The influence of three T-cell subsets on tumor growth was studied. The first, induced by a thymic microenvironmental fraction, accelerated the appearance of Lewis lung carcinoma in Winn assay. The second subset, derived from the first by incubation with a thymic hormone preparation, had a marked retarding effect on tumor appearance. The third subset, also induced by thymic hormone, but directly from bone marrow precursors, does not appear to influence tumor cells. PMID- 6984011 TI - Unusual distribution of Ia-like antigens on canine lymphocytes. AB - The murine monoclonal antibody 7.2, specific for a framework determinant of human Ia antigens, cross-reacts with canine cell membranes recognizing a bimolecular complex (29,000 and 34,000 daltons) similar to that described in man. We investigated the distribution of these Ia-like antigens on mononuclear cells in peripheral blood, thoracic-duct lymph, marrow, alveolar lavage fluids, lymph nodes, and thymuses from normal dogs. By complement-mediated cytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence, virtually all lymphocytes expressing surface immunoglobulin (B lymphocytes), monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and many thymus-epithelial cells were Ia-positive. Furthermore, most non-B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood, thoracic-duct lymph, and lymph nodes expressed Ia antigens. Alveolar (T) lymphocytes and most thymocytes were Ia-negative. Generally, fluorescence intensity was higher on monocytes/macrophages and B lymphocytes than on non-B-lymphocytes. In mixed leukocyte cultures and concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis assays, treatment of responder cells with antibody 7.2 and complement abolished proliferation. Proliferative responses could not be restored by adding untreated accessory cells, indicating that cytolytic treatment had eliminated responder T-lymphocytes. However, addition of antibody alone to cultures had no significant effect. These studies indicate that most mature canine T-lymphocytes express Ia-like antigens. Whether this is an intrinsic property of canine cells or possibly related to continuous in vivo stimulation remains to be determined. PMID- 6984010 TI - Lyb-8.2: A new B cell antigen defined and characterized with a monoclonal antibody. AB - A DBA/1 B10.D2-specific monoclonal antibody (CY34) is described which defines a new murine B lymphocyte differentiation antigen designated Lyb-8.2. The ontogeny, strain distribution, and cell-surface density of the antigen were studied by radioimmunoassay and by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Lyb 8.2 appears to be expressed on pre-B cells and on all mature B lymphocytes. Lyb 8.2 molecules immunoprecipitated from surface labeled B10.D2 spleen cells migrated in polyacrylamide gels with an apparent mol. wt. of 95,000-105,000 daltons and were bound by lentil lectin. The expression of Lyb-8.2 is controlled by a locus on chromosome 7 that is closely linked to Gpi-1 and RP-2. Added Lyb 8.2-specific antibody did not measurably impair B lymphocyte function in several in vitro systems studied. PMID- 6984013 TI - Familial cancer research in Basel. PMID- 6984012 TI - Human MHC class II molecules as differentiation markers. AB - DA6.231 and DA6.164 are mouse monoclonal antibodies that immunoprecipitate HLA-DR like p34,29 glycoprotein dimers from surface- and metabolically-labeled cells. On lymphoblastoid cell lines the distribution of the 231 epitope is completely nonpolymorphic, while the 164 epitope is present on all cells except on those that are DR7 homozygous. Binding-inhibition studies show that the 231 and 164 epitopes are spatially close to each other when present on the same molecule. The mutual inhibition pattern and the absence of the 164 epitope from the 231+ cells of a few leukemia patients suggest, however, that 231 and 164 epitopes are not invariably present together. Most DR-positive cells possess 231+ and 164+ and 231+ 164- class II molecules in approximately a 2:1 ratio. This has been confirmed by immune depletion studies. Thus DA6.231 appears to define a supralocus epitope. The 164 epitope may be a marker for a subset of class II molecules exhibiting differential expression on various cell types immortalized by malignant transformation. PMID- 6984015 TI - Cell-mediated immune response to syngeneic tumour growth and its inhibition by low doses of radiation in mice. AB - A T-cytotoxic response was demonstrated in a non-productive, viral-induced syngeneic tumoural system in vitro, but it did not result in tumour rejection: When tumour cell inoculum was removed surgically early after transplantation and processed, a specific T-cell-mediated cytotoxic response was observed in vitro and in the Winn assay; however, a tumour-cell challenge was rejected, showing that under certain conditions, the immune response can modify tumour evolution. Localized irradiation was administered according to one of two protocols (7 Gy X 3 over a week and 4 Gy X 3 over 3 weeks). The cumulative dose of the latter regimen was nearly 20% greater than that of the former; however, the outcomes of the two therapies were dramatically different: 50% survival in group 2, and a short delay in tumour growth in group 1. The scattered dose (of around 0.15 Gy) delivered to the spleen in the first group decreased the T-cytotoxic response, but that in the second group (scattering inferior to 0.07 Gy) did not. The similarity in therapeutic results in the two groups when the irradiation regimens were preceded by immunosuppression suggests that this failure of the immune response could influence the outcome of radiotherapy. The effect of low doses of irradiation on tumour rejection was also studied in an allogeneic system. PMID- 6984014 TI - Susceptibility determinants for mouse epidermal carcinogenesis. AB - SENCAR mice are markedly more susceptible to two-stage skin carcinogenesis than BALB/c mice. Studies were carried out to elucidate the basis for this sensitivity. It is not related to differences in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (DiGiovanni et al., 1980) but appears to be determined by the target tissue, since when SENCAR skin was grafted onto nude mice they developed papillomas at a high frequency after initiation and promotion, whereas after grafting of BALB/c skin, no tumours developed. DNA repair capacity was studied in SENCAR and BALB/c epidermal cells in culture. Host cell reactivation, utilizing ultra-violet light-irradiated herpes simplex virus, was similar in cells of the two strains. SENCAR cells have a greater binding capacity for epidermal growth factor than BALB/c cells; however, the increased binding in response to retinoic acid and the rapid decrease after exposure to phorbol esters are similar in the two strains. Spontaneous expression of endogenous proviral DNA sequences for xenotropic-type C RNA viruses occurs more readily in BALB/c epidermal cells than in those of SENCAR. The frequency of spontaneous differentiation-resistant foci in vitro (Kulesz-Martin et al., 1980) is greater in SENCAR than in BALB/c epidermal cells. These results suggest that susceptibility for skin carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice is determined by the target tissue itself and has no clear relation to DNA excision repair, endogenous virus complement or epidermal growth factor receptors. PMID- 6984016 TI - Anorectic effect of SK & F 38393, a new dopamine agonist in rats. AB - Anorectics are clinically used in the management of obesity to accept dietary restriction through decreased desire of food intake. The present study, indicates that the drug SK & F 38393 a dopamine agonist given to albino rats at the doses of 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg caused decreased food intake. Central side effects observed with amphetamine and other related drugs were not observed with this drug. The drug thus may be used as an anorectic agent without central side effects. PMID- 6984018 TI - Mitogenic activity of Sindbis virus and its isolated glycoproteins. AB - Purified preparations of Sindbis virus, a member of the togavirus family, are mitogenic for lymphocytes from a number of different mouse strains. Cell separation techniques, as well as studies using lymphocytes from the congenitally athymic BALB/c nu/nu mouse, showed that Sindbis virus is a T-cell-independent B cell mitogen. Additionally, the envelope glycoproteins of Sindbis virus, isolated by Triton X-100 extraction and butanol precipitation, stimulated lymphocytes to incorporate five times as much [3H]thymidine into their DNA as did the Sindbis virion. These results are similar to those previously reported for vesicular stomatitis virus and herpes simplex virus types I and II and for the purified glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza virus. PMID- 6984020 TI - [Comparative hemodynamic studies with molsidomine and isosorbide dinitrate after aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6984017 TI - Effect of neonatal thymectomy on dental caries in rats. AB - The effect of T-cell depletion on susceptibility to dental caries after infection with Streptococcus mutans was studied. Rats were neonatally thymectomized (Tx) and infected with S. mutans 6715 or locally immunized with the homologous organism before infection. The Tx rats uniformly exhibited a higher level of infection with S. mutans and subsequently showed a greater extent of carious activity. Correlation studies were performed comparing the level of salivary and serum anti-S. mutans antibodies and the relative amount of dental caries. The results demonstrated that salivary immunoglobulin A antibody after immunization and infection, or infection only, showed a significant negative correlation with dental caries. Also, after local immunization, serum immunoglobulin G antibody showed a negative correlation with dental caries in the rats. These findings further support a major protective role for salivary immunoglobulin A in experimental dental caries in rats. PMID- 6984021 TI - Immunotherapy of murine leukemia. VII. Prevention of Friend leukemia virus induced immunosuppression by passive serum therapy. AB - Previous studies have suggested that the passive therapy of Friend leukemia virus (FLV)-induced disease with chimpanzee anti-FLV serum operates by reducing the level of infectious virus in the treated animal below the immunosuppressive threshold, thereby allowing the host to mount anti-viral immune responses which are responsible for long-term protection. The present study was undertaken to examine directly the effect of passive serum therapy on the marked immunosuppression induced by FLV in progressively infected mice, as well as to determine whether virus-specific host cellular immune effector functions are augmented in serum-protected animals. Using a variety of assays of host immunocompetence, including natural killing (NK), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vivo and in vitro induction of allogeneic killers, and mitogen blastogenesis, a marked compartmentalization of FLV immunodepression was observed in progressively infected DBA/2 mice, possibly reflecting the distribution of FLV target cells in various host lymphoid populations. Thus, spleen-cell functions were suppressed most rapidly and to the greatest degree, followed by peritoneal cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, while lymph node cells and thymocytes maintained normal levels of activity. In contrast, serum protected mice demonstrated no sign of FLV-induced immunosuppression regardless of the host effector-cell population or immune function examined. However, we were not able to identify host anti-viral cellular immune functions which are significantly enhanced in serum-protected animals; thus the specific role of the host immune system in the passive serum therapy of FLV-induced disease remains undefined at the present time. PMID- 6984019 TI - Regulatory effect of monocytes on T cell proliferative responses to oral microbial antigens. AB - Mononuclear cell preparations isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation from human peripheral blood were found to vary considerably in the number of monocytes they contained (mean, 20.3%; range, 13 to 33%). The regulatory role of monocytes in T cell proliferative responses to sonic extracts of a panel of oral microorganisms was therefore investigated. T cells were fractionated by anti immunoglobulin chromatography and depleted of monocytes by treatment with a monoclonal anti-human Ia-like (DR locus antigen) antibody and complement. Purified populations of monocytes were obtained by extensive adherence procedures. The resultant cell populations were greater than 95% pure, as judged by indirect immunofluorescence on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Monocyte depleted T cells failed to respond by proliferation to the nonoral antigen tetanus toxoid, as well as to any oral microorganism, but retained responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin. Readdition of monocytes in final concentrations of from 5 to 15% resulted in the restoration of maximal T cell proliferation. Monocytes in greater numbers suppressed T cell responses to all sonic extracts tested. PMID- 6984023 TI - Cardiac positron emission tomography. PMID- 6984022 TI - Thymus independence of hybrid resistance against a panel of T-cell lymphomas of H 2b origin. AB - Adult thymectomy, followed by whole-body irradiation and reconstitution with fetal liver, was performed to study the T-cell dependence of F1 hybrid resistance to a panel of lymphomas of H-2b origin. Previously, the pattern of hybrid resistance against the same lymphomas was found to correlate with the pattern of NK-activity in a spectrum of F1 hybrids (Kiessling et al., 1975). We now show that hybrid resistance against three lymphomas of C57BL/6 origin, P-52-127-166, RBL-5 and EL-4 and against YLD, of C57L origin, is expressed in the absence of thymus. In another series of experiments, the effectors responsible for hybrid resistance to the transplanted lymphoma EL-4 were studied by reconstituting thymectomized and non-thymectomized C57BL mice with syngeneic bone marrow from NK deficient beige mutant or wild-type C57BL donors. While the recipients of beige bone marrow had a clearly reduced tumor resistance, thymectomy did not decrease resistance further. This study supports the hypothesis that resistance to these lymphomas in F1 hybrids as well as in syngeneic mice is mainly mediated by natural killer cells. PMID- 6984026 TI - Comparison of the adjuvant effect on antibody response of three types of carrageenan and the cellular events in the induction of the effect. AB - The present study was performed in order to demonstrate the adjuvant activity of antibody response of three types of carrageenan (CAR) and the cellular events involved in the adjuvant activity with CAR. CAR-induced enhancing and suppressive effect on primary antibody responses depend greatly on the dose and timing of the injection of the CAR employed. However, neither of these effects were observed in the secondary antibody responses. The maximum adjuvant effect was found when antigen and iota- and lambda-CAR (1 mg) were administered simultaneously to mice, although kappa-CAR did not cause an adjuvant effect. The effect varied with mouse strains tested and the antigen concentration used. It was demonstrated, using athymic nude mice, that the adjuvant effect is independent of T cells. Furthermore, iota- and lambda-CAR polyclonally activated B cells without the help of accessory cells such as macrophages and T cells. This study indicated that the adjuvant effect of CAR is probably independent of macrophages and T cells. PMID- 6984024 TI - Thiabendazole (TBZ), an immunohemomodulator. I. Effects on lymph node and spleen. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory with Thiabendazole (TBZ) indicated that the drug significantly augmented cellular immune responses in mice. The purpose of the present and companion study was to determine which of the cell populations in primary and secondary lymphoid organs and in bone marrow were affected by the in vivo administration of TBZ. Two major changes in lymph nodes and/or spleens of TBZ-treated mice were detected by histological and quantitative planimetric analysis: (1) expansion of T and B lymphocyte compartments and (2) increase in extramedullary hemopoiesis. The effect on T cells and on hemopoiesis were observed only when TBZ was administered with the thymus-dependent neoantigen, dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). The effect on B cells appeared to be antigen independent. Increased extramedullary hemopoiesis in TBZ + DNFB-treated mice was preceded by a significant increase in pluripotent hemopoietic stem cell activity in bone marrow, as measured by the CFU-S assay. This study indicates that TBZ has significant effects on the development and differentiation of both lymphoid and hemopoietic cells. PMID- 6984025 TI - Thiabendazole (TBZ), an immunohemomodulator. II. Effects on thymocytes and prothymocytes. AB - The purpose of this study was to document the effects of TBZ on the early stages of T cell maturation. The method utilized to quantify presumptive thymocyte progenitors in the bone marrow used the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) as a marker. Shifts in thymocyte populations were determined by quantitative planimetry, immunofluorescence for TdT and tritiated thymidine incorporation. When given alone, TBZ produced a marked increase in the number of large, mitotically active lymphoblasts in the thymus cortex. When given with DNFB, a thymus-dependent neoantigen, TBZ produced a significant increase in TdT positive bone marrow cells. In a companion study, TBZ + DNFB were found to stimulate T cells in lymph node and spleen. Hence, the results indicate that under appropriate conditions, TBZ can stimulate all stages of T cell differentiation in mice. PMID- 6984027 TI - Population study of blood pressure and associated factors in St Lucia, West Indies. AB - A population survey of blood pressure in St Lucia, West Indies has confirmed that high blood pressure constitutes an important public health problem. In common with other studies blood pressure was found to be significantly correlated with body weight, possibly by a primary effect on diastolic pressure. Blood pressure was also significantly correlated with casual urinary sodium/potassium and potassium/creatinine ratios in those under 45 years of age. This unexpected finding suggests that casual urinary electrolyte estimations may in some circumstances be a useful guide to intake, perhaps especially in populations with more stable intakes. An independent role of potassium in the aetiology of high blood pressure would have important public health implications. PMID- 6984028 TI - Cigarette smoking and alcohol use in Finland and Sweden: a cross-national twin study. AB - Cigarette smoking and alcohol use habits in Finland and Sweden were studied using data from the Finnish and Swedish studies on like-sexed adult twin pairs aged 18 47 (total of 20 056 pairs). Finnish men were heavier consumers of tobacco and alcohol than Swedish men. When heavy consumers (greater than 500g of alcohol/month and greater than 20 cigarettes/day) were considered, the prevalence rate was 9.7% in Finnish men and 5.1% in Swedish men. This difference might account for the higher morbidity in Finland than in Sweden from many smoking- and alcohol-associated diseases. Genetic factors in smoking and alcohol use were assessed by comparing observed and expected coincidence rates, and by multivariate analyses. Genetic and familial effects were defined as an excess coincidence in monozygotic (MZ) pairs compared to dizygotic (DZ) pairs, and by an increased DZ coincidence rate compared to that expected. Significant genetic and familial effects were observed for cigarette smoking, and for smoking more than one pack of cigarettes a day. Significant familial effects for alcohol use was observed, and a significant genetic effect was obtained for men. A significant genetic effect could not be observed for the combined heavy use of alcohol and heavy smoking. The genetic and familial effects seemed to be mostly independent of country and sex. PMID- 6984029 TI - The significance of anti-HAV in different population sectors in Lebanon: a comparative seroepidemiologic study. AB - A comparative seroepidemiologic survey was performed on the prevalence of antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) in 772 subjects in Lebanon. The results show that 97.7% of the adult Lebanese carry anti-HAV in their sera irrespective of geographic or socioeconomic factors, as compared to 38.8% of the adult foreign population. In the paediatric group, the highest prevalence of anti-HAV was encountered at the age of 1-120 days indicating placental transfer of maternal anti-HAV. In the 1-5 year age group there is a sharp drop of anti-HAV to 40%. The anti-HAV of this age group indicates a response to actual infection with HAV. At 12 years the prevalence of anti-HAV is 85%, approaching that of adults. This survey indicates that Lebanon is an endemic area for HAV infection. The age of onset of this infection may be as early as five months, is commonest in the 1-6 year age group and becomes rare again after the age of 12. Finally, fractionation of immunoglobulins of test sera demonstrated that all subjects had their anti-HAV activity in the IgG class, denoting either maternal transfer or old infection and acquired immunity. PMID- 6984030 TI - Mycolase II: an enzyme antifungal agent interacts with the polyene antibiotic pimaricin in the treatment of keratomycosis. AB - An animal model of keratomycosis was used to study the interaction between the new enzyme antifungal compound mycolase II and the polyene antifungal antibiotic pimaricin. Well established corneal infection caused by an ocular pathogenic candida albicans on New Zealand white male rabbits were treated with 3% mycolase II, 5% pimaricin and a combination of 3% mycolase II and 5% pimaricin respectively. The rates of resolution of the corneal lesions for each group of eyes treated by the various drugs were determined and the results were analysed by computer using a two-way analysis of variance to determine the interaction or independence of 3% mycolase II in combination therapy with 5% pimaricin in rabbit keratomycosis. The analysis of variance showed a significant level of positive interaction after each period of treatment. (P less than 0.001). PMID- 6984031 TI - Interrupted treatment and forced terminations. AB - A discussion of "Premature Termination: A Therapist Leaving," by James Beatrice, M.S. The treatment literature offers a plethora of information regarding the beginnings of psychotherapy, but the process of termination is given relatively little attention. The issue of forced terminations, which bring about premature endings, interrupting the treatment in ways often harmful to patients and adding to the negative side of the ambivalence about seeking further help, is even more neglected. This paper examines the nature of forced terminations when they are invoked by the therapist and spells out the variety of circumstances and motivations sparking such endings. Finally, it addresses the nature of forced terminations initiated by patients, and details the conscious and unconscious factors likely to be at work. PMID- 6984032 TI - Radioimmunoassay of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (8-hydroxyadenine). PMID- 6984033 TI - Modification of mutation frequency in plateau phase Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to gamma radiation during recovery from potentially lethal damage. AB - Induction of forward mutations leading to 8-azaguanine resistance was studied in plateau phase Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to gamma-radiation. Survival and mutation frequency were assessed immediately after irradiation or after 6 hours of post-irradiation recovery at 37 degrees C. Cells exposed to doses above 4Gy showed appreciable increase in the survival level as a result of recovery from potentially lethal damage. The mutation frequency response curve for cells plated immediately after irradiation displayed an average induction rate of 5 X 4 X 10(-5) per viable cell per Gy in the dose range 4 to 10 Gy. Cells subjected to post-irradiation recovery showed a mutation frequency decrease of 30 to 50 per cent. The kinetics of repair of mutational lesions following exposure to 10 Gy gamma-radiation indicated a sharp decline in mutation frequency during the first hour of post-irradiation recovery and a slow decline thereafter. Analysis of these data suggests that the mutation frequency is significantly lower among the fraction of cells which survive by recovering from potentially lethal damage. The involvement of an error-free pathway that contributes to the repair of an appreciable part of the damage during the post-irradiation recovery period is discussed. PMID- 6984034 TI - Effect of prior hyperthermia on subsequent thermal enhancement of radiation damage in mouse intestine. AB - Hyperthermia given in conjunction with X-rays results in a greater level of radiation injury than following X-rays alone, giving a thermal enhancement ratio (TER). The effect of prior hyperthermia ('priming') on TER was studied in the small intestine of mouse by giving 42 X 0 degrees C for 1 hour at various times before the combined heat and X-ray treatments. Radiation damage was assessed by measuring crypt survival 4 days after radiation. TER was reduced when 'priming' hyperthermia was given 24-48 hours before the combined treatments. The reduction in effectiveness of the second heat treatment corresponded to a reduction in hyperthermal temperature of approximately 0 X 5 degrees C, a value similar to that previously reported for induced resistance to heat given alone ('thermotolerance') (Hume and Marigold 1980). However, the time courses for development and decay of the TER response were much longer than those for 'thermotolerance', suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in thermal damage following heat alone and thermal enhancement of radiation damage. PMID- 6984035 TI - Radiolysis of alpha, alpha-trehalose in concentrated aqueous solution; the effect of co-irradiated proteins and lipids. AB - gamma-Radiolysis (dose-rate: 0 X 89 Gy/s) or electron (e)-radiolysis (dose-rate: 5 X 10(7) Gy/s) of unbuffered aqueous solutions of alpha, alpha-trehalose (concentration: 60 mg/ml, radiation dose: 20 kGy) at 0 degree C yielded glucose (Ggamma = 1 X 7; Ge = 0 X 63) and 5-deoxyxylohexodialdose (Ggamma = 0 X 21; Ge = 0 X 05). Buffering at pH-values of 5 X 0 or 5 X 5 and irradiation caused increased formation of these monomeric products, particularly of the deoxy compound. On addition of increasing amounts of bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin (10-30 mg/ml) and irradiation the yields of products were markedly reduced. The decrease in glucose formation was less pronounced when sperm whale myoglobin was present during gamma- or electron-irradiation. The G-values of 5 deoxyxylohexodialdose, however, were increased by 45 per cent (gamma-irradiation) and 70 per cent (electron-irradiation) at approximately 10 mg/ml of admixed myoglobin. Further increase in myoglobin concentration led to a gradual decrease in the yields of the deoxy-product. The observed effects are explained by scavenging of water radicals and by interactions of the added substrates with sugar radicals. Emulsified lipids (palmitic acid methylester or trilinoleic glycerol) did not affect the radiation-induced formation of products from trehalose. PMID- 6984037 TI - Non-induction of dominant lethal mutations in mice fed gamma-irradiated glucose. PMID- 6984036 TI - Comparison of thyroid function in mice after various injected activities of 123I, 125I and 131I. AB - The radiotoxicity of 123I, 125I and 131I to the thyroid gland was compared in groups of mice subjected to activities of the three isotopes ranging from 10(-2) to 10(2) MBq. The thyroid function was determined fifteen months later on the basis of the 24-hour uptake of a tracer activity of 131I. A reduction in uptake to 20 per cent of the control value for untreated mice was found for mice injected with 35 MBq of 123I, 13 MBq of 125I and 2 . 2 MBq of 131I. On estimating the average absorbed dose in different parts of the thyroid by means of a refined method of dose calculation, that found in the cell layers surrounding the follicles seemed to be most indicative for impairment of thyroid function. PMID- 6984038 TI - The radiation response of skin in young and old rats. PMID- 6984039 TI - Depletion of inhibitory factors against lipid peroxidation in cytosols of a radiation-sensitive mutant of L5178Y cells. PMID- 6984041 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a male homosexual: report of a case. PMID- 6984040 TI - [ANF-negative subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with anti-Ro antibodies. A new subset of lupus with characteristic skin manifestations]. AB - Recently a new subset of lupus erythematosus with distinct cutaneous lesions has been defined as subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. The salient clinical features are transient nonscarring widespread erythematosquamous or annular eruptions on the trunk and arms, cytopenia, musculo-skeletal symptoms and sometimes mild renal and cerebrovascular disease. Although more than one half of the patients have positive antinuclear factor tests, in a smaller proportion only antibodies against the predominantly cytoplasmic antigens Ro and sometimes La can be demonstrated. Due to the negative routine serologic findings the typical cutaneous lesions assume additional importance, because they frequently allow a clinical diagnosis even in the absence of more sophisticated immunologic procedures. PMID- 6984044 TI - Factors that affect the in-vitro activity of cephalosporin antibiotics. PMID- 6984043 TI - The medical assessment of seriously delinquent boys: a comparison of pediatric, psychiatric, neurologic, and hospital record data. AB - This study documents a high prevalence of medical disorders, especially head and face injury, seizures, and other neurological problems in violent incarcerated adolescent delinquents. It documents the failure of three different medical specialities--pediatrics, psychiatry, and neurology--to consistently elicit significant potentially treatable disorders during routine evaluations. It explores possible causes for overlooking significant medical factors in these youngsters and proposes ways to improve the health evaluations of delinquent adolescents. PMID- 6984042 TI - Pulmonary microcirculatory response to localized hypercapnia. AB - Anesthetized bullfrogs were examined to study the effects of localized hypercapnia on the red blood cell (RBC) velocity in pulmonary alveolar microvessels on the exposed lung surface. Before and after the exposure of a small area of the lung surface 6 mm in diameter to a hypercapnic gas mixture, the region was exposed to CO2-free control gas. The RBC velocity was measured by the use of a laser Doppler microscope. Both mean flow velocity (MV) and pulsatile amplitude (PA) were determined from the resulting flow velocity contour. Responses of pulmonary microvessels to hypercapnia were examined by measuring the vessel diameters with an ocular microscale of the microscope while gas mixtures were applied to a 1-mm-diameter region of the surface. During hypercapnia both MV (2.31 +/- 0.27 mm/s) and PA (0.54 +/- 0.15 mm/s) in the alveolar arterioles (luminal diameter = 64 +/- 14 microns) were reduced, each reaching a minimum (2.01 +/- 0.24 and 0.43 +/- 0.19 mm/s, respectively) prior to gradual returns to their initial values. After reintroduction of the control gas, the values of MV and PA approached initial values more rapidly. In capillaries MV (1.44 +/- 0.18 mm/s) and PA (0.28 +/- 0.06 mm/s) decreased to 1.25 +/- 0.10 and 0.15 +/- 0.05 mm/s, respectively. The maximum reduction of PA (-44.6%) therefore clearly exceeded that of MV (-12.4%) in capillary flow. An analog model calculation suggested that the reduction in diameter of the arteriolar system could reduce PA more than MV in the pulmonary capillary network. The time course of the velocity change closely resembled that of the diameter change in relatively large arterioles. Vasoconstriction of the arterioles therefore appeared to be the major cause of these decrements in MV and PA. PMID- 6984045 TI - Mechanism of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase induction by the ornithine decarboxylase-inducing factor isolated from tumor ascites fluid. PMID- 6984046 TI - Reoperation for failed aorto-coronary bypass grafts. AB - Despite the initial overall good results of aorto-coronary bypass grafting for myocardial revascularisation, a small but increasing number of patients require consideration for reoperation after the first procedure. In the period 1973 to 1981, 36 reoperations were performed in 34 patients with one operative death. In all of them the clinical indication for reoperation was recurrence of angina pectoris. In this special group of patients a high incidence of risk factors was present. Three major probable causes for the recurrence of angina were found: (1) Progression of the coronary atherosclerotic disease; (2) Graft failure; (3) Incomplete original revascularisation. Combined factors were present in 18 (53%) patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications at the first and second operation. Follow-up of 79% of the 33 survivors over a mean time period of 18 months, demonstrated no late mortality and a low subsequent infarction rate. Overall 69% of patients either lost their angina or were improved. We therefore conclude that reoperation can be accomplished with low mortality and morbidity and has a potential therapeutic benefit in the majority of cases. PMID- 6984047 TI - Association of myosin light chain kinase with lymphocyte membrane-cytoskeleton complex. AB - A specific antibody against myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) was used to identify the presence of a Ca2+-calmodulin-activated MLCK in mouse 1-lymphoma cells. With a double immunofluorescence technique, MLCK was determined to be accumulated directly under Con A-capped structures in a manner similar to that of previously described accumulation of actomyosin. The lymphocyte MLCK was phosphorylated in the uncapped cell and, by immunoprecipitation with a specific MLCK antibody, was shown to possess a Mr of 130,000. The MLCK was also found to constitute a major fraction of the phosphoproteins present in the plasma membrane associated cytoskeleton. Myosin light chain kinase catalyzed the phosphorylation of both endogenous lymphocyte myosin light chains and those from smooth and skeletal muscle. The enzyme activity was dependent on the presence of Ca2+-calmodulin and was inhibited by the calmodulin-binding drug, trifluoperazine. These data suggest that the membrane-cytoskeleton-associated MLCK activity may be important in regulation of the actinmyosin contraction which is believed to be required for the collection of surface receptors into capped structures. PMID- 6984048 TI - Haemophilus influenzae: comparison of respiratory tract isolates with genitourinary tract isolates. AB - Haemophilus influenzae isolates recovered from the genitourinary (GU) tract were shown to have a significantly different biotype distribution compared with respiratory tract isolates. Biotype IV strains were recovered more commonly from the GU tract, and most strains were non-serotypable. Antibiotic-susceptible strains isolated from the GU tract more frequently harbored plasmids of less than 10 megadaltons than did antibiotic-susceptible respiratory tract strains. One 2.8 megadalton plasmid resident in a GU tract isolate and one 1.8-megadalton plasmid resident in a respiratory tract isolate were shown to be related to the small ampicillin resistance plasmids previously described in H. influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This supports the suggestion that these ampicillin resistance plasmids originated by transposition or recombination of the ampicillin transposon (TnA) with cryptic endogenous Haemophilus plasmids. PMID- 6984049 TI - Rapid method for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - A method was developed to determine the susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to ampicillin, cefamandole, and chloramphenicol by using the MS-2 system (Abbott Laboratories) for determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The MS-2 results for 132 strains of H. influenzae were compared with the results of agar disk diffusion, agar dilution, and beta-lactamase tests. Twenty-four strains (18.2%) of H. influenzae were resistant to ampicillin by the agar dilution method, as opposed to 25 strains by the MS-2 method. For a beta-lactamase negative strain, the agar dilution MIC was 4 micrograms/ml, and the MS-2 MIC was 16 micrograms/ml. Twenty-one strains produced beta-lactamase; two beta-lactamase negative strains were resistant by MS-2, agar dilution, and agar disk diffusion. In addition, one beta-lactamase-negative strain, for which the agar dilution MIC was 32 micrograms/ml and the MS-2 MIC was 16 micrograms/ml, was sensitive by agar disk diffusion. Overall, the MS-2 method compared favorably with the agar dilution method for determining the MIC of ampicillin, cefamandole, and chloramphenicol for H. influenzae. PMID- 6984050 TI - Isolation and rapid identification of Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - During a 2-month period, 62 strains of Haemophilus ducreyi were isolated from 168 genital lesions and 2 lymph node aspirates. Of these strains, 22 were found on both chocolate agar and fetal bovine serum agar supplemented with vancomycin, 29 were found only on chocolate agar, and 9 were found only on fetal bovine serum agar. Two additional strains were isolated on sheep blood agar. All of these isolates were correctly identified with the RapID NH system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Decatur, Ga.) a new identification kit that has a database for Haemophilus, Neisseria, and other genera that include fastidious gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 6984051 TI - Evaluation of Bactogen and Phadebact for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Latex agglutination and coagglutination tests are commercially available as Bactogen and the Phadebact Haemophilus Test, respectively. We evaluated both for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b in cerebrospinal fluids. Both tests were positive in all of 51 culture-positive cases of meningitis caused by H. influenzae. Both were more sensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Antigen was also detected by Bactogen in seven of seven additional cerebrospinal fluid specimens (compared with four of seven by Phadebact) after 1 to 15 days of antimicrobial therapy. The cerebrospinal fluid of infants with meningitis owing to other common causative agents did not react with Bactogen or Phadebact. However, the cerebrospinal fluid of one patient with overwhelming infection owing to Proteus mirabilis reacted positively with Bactogen. Cost analysis revealed that Phadebact was less expensive to perform than Bactogen. PMID- 6984052 TI - [Ocular herpes. Correlations between subpopulations of T lymphocytes and clinical manifestations?]. AB - Herpes simplex virus can affect the cornea in many ways, the main differences concerning the evolutive stage and the severity. Using the rosettes technique, we have tried to know if the study of the T lymphocytes subsets may give some help in foreseeing the risk of stromal or recurrent keratitis. Peripheral lymphocytes and T lymphocytes subsets: total E, E-active, autologous rosettes forming cells (E, E-act., auto-RFC) were studied among 60 patients with different clinical manifestations of herpetic keratitis: i.e. 27 epithelial and 23 stromal ones, 20 primary and 40 recurrent keratitis. Two groups of patients were found to have decreased levels of one T lymphocytes subset: the stromal ones with the most serious prognosis had above all a E-act--RFC decrease (16,5 +/- 8,5% vs 24,1 +/- 4,7 for the controls, p 0,001); the recurrent ones had above all a E-RFC decrease (53,6 +/- 6,4% vs 63,7 +/- 8,7 for the controls, p less than 0,001). So the most severe herpetic keratitis: recurrent and stromal ones seem to have cellular immunity abnormalities that are not found in the superficial or primary keratitis. PMID- 6984055 TI - [Analysis of 100 aorto-coronary artery bypass surgery--especially about the graft patency]. PMID- 6984054 TI - Suppression of murine T-cell mitogenesis by metabolic products of arachidonic acid. AB - We examined the ability of arachidonic acid (AA) to inhibit mitogen stimulation of mouse splenic lymphocytes. Dose related suppression of [3H]-thymidine incorporation by cells stimulated with either phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A occurred at concentrations of AA above 1 microgram/ml. AA-induced suppression required that AA be added to cultures within 6 hours of the addition of mitogen. Addition of AA at 24 hours resulted in diminished suppression, while delaying addition of AA until 48 hours had no effect on mitogen stimulation. Preincubation with AA did not alter mitogen stimulation when cells were washed free of AA. The addition of indomethacin or mefanamic acid to the cultures significantly reversed AA-induced suppression. Inhibitors of the lipoxygenase pathway or thromboxane synthesis had no effect, while an inhibitor of both thromboxane and prostacyclin synthesis partially prevented AA-induced suppression only at the highest concentration of AA. Removal of adherent cells resulted in a diminished capacity for AA to suppress mitogenesis and to stimulate PGE2 synthesis. PMID- 6984053 TI - A sensitive method to measure PHA-induced cytotoxicity to adherent target cells using [3H]uridine as a terminal label. AB - This paper describes a modification of the PHA-induced cytotoxicity test of human peripheral blood lymphocytes against a tumour-derived adherent cell line (HeLa), in which the surviving target cells are labelled with [3H]uridine at the end of the assay. There is a direct correlation between [3H]uridine incorporation and the number of adherent target cells. The test proves to be very sensitive at low effector; target cell ratios. Frozen stored cells can be used in this system, a particular advantage because of the possibility of increasing the reproducibility of the assay by using the same batch of cryopreserved lymphocytes as a reference standard in each experiment. PHA-induced cytotoxicity was mainly found in the T cell enriched fraction. PMID- 6984056 TI - [Perioperative myocardial infarction after A-C bypass operation: in relation to preoperative left ventricular contractility and prebypass condition]. PMID- 6984059 TI - Histological and histoenzymatic studies on the cellular immunoreaction of Ehrlich tumor-bearing C3H/He mice exposed to various doses of local irradiation. PMID- 6984058 TI - [Study on the antitumor effect of an inhibitor against cell surface enzyme (Bestatin)]. PMID- 6984060 TI - [Case of late onset hypo-gamma-globulinemia--with special reference to lymphocyte functions]. PMID- 6984057 TI - [Tissue concentration of methotrexate in osteosarcoma after high-dose infusion]. AB - Tissue concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) in osteosarcomas were examined with special reference to their histologic findings. Primary tumors in five cases and metastatic tumors in two cases were removed at 6-18 days after MTX administration. The concentrations of MTX in osteosarcoma tissues were higher than those in normal tissues and serum, ranging from 15.0 to 168 ng/g. Necrotic portions of the tumor lesion were less in MTX concentration than cellular portions. As the cellularity increased, the tumor tissue showed higher MTX concentration. Tissue concentrations of MTX in nude mice with transplanted osteosarcoma from human were also studied after the high-dose 3H-MTX infusion. MTX total, which contains dihydrofolate reductase-bound MTX, free MTX and its metabolites, decreased gradually with time in the tumor tissues. The concentrations of MTX total in tumor were proportional to the administrated dose and the clearances of MTX were prolonged according to the dose-increase of MTX. Tissue concentrations of MTX total in the lung, kidney and liver were higher than that in tumor itself at 192 hours after the injection. The value for MTX total includes some MTX active fraction which can inhibit the activity of dihydrofolate reductase. Tissue concentrations of MTX active also increased dose-dependently. The proportions of MTX active to MTX total in tumors decreased with the increment of the MTX dose, and the same findings were observed in the kidney and liver. PMID- 6984061 TI - Possible involvement of the OKT4 molecule in T cell recognition of class II HLA antigens. Evidence from studies of cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for SB antigens. AB - A recently described HLA gene, SB, which maps between GLO and HLA-DR, codes for Ia-like molecules that are similar to but distinct from HLA-DR molecules. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for SB1, SB2, SB3, and SB4 were compared with HLA-A2-specific CTL with respect to their surface expression of the T cell differentiation antigens OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8. All CTL activity was eliminated by treatment with OKT3 and C'. The SB-specific cytotoxicity was eliminated by OKT4 plus C' but not by OKT8 plus C'. In contrast, HLA-A2-specific killing was completely susceptible to treatment with OKT8 plus C' but not with OKT4 plus C'. Cytotoxicity was analyzed in the presence of OKT8 and a series of monoclonal antibodies (OKT4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D) that react with distinct epitopes on the OKT4 molecule. SB1-, SB3-, and SB4-specific CTL were partially inhibited by OKT4A and 4B (45-75%), whereas HLA-A2-specific CTL were partially inhibited by OKT8 (48 63%) but not by OKT4. SB2-specific CTL were not inhibited (less than 26%) by OKT8 or by any of the OKT4-related antibodies. These results suggest that the OKT4 marker may be expressed on most T cells that recognize allogeneic Ia or self Ia plus foreign antigens; OKT4+ cells do not appear to be functionally homogeneous in that they can act both as helper/inducer and cytotoxic cells. Models are proposed for the functional involvement of the OKT4 molecule in T cell-Ia antigen interactions. PMID- 6984063 TI - Acquisition of mitogenic responsiveness by nonresponding lymphocytes upon insertion of appropriate membrane components. AB - The effect of insertion of plasma membrane components from lymphocytes responding to mitogens into the membranes of nonresponding cells using Sendai virus envelopes as vehicles was examined. T cells modified by B membranes were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to proliferate as well as to produce interleukin-2 activity. B cells modified by T membranes were stimulated by concanavalin A to proliferate and to produce interleukin-2 activity. B cells derived from C3H/HeJ LPS-nonresponder strain of mice, when modified by B membranes derived from the LPS-responder C3H/eb strain, acquired LPS responsiveness. These findings indicate that the inability of either T or B cells to respond to specific mitogens is due to the lack of suitable plasma membrane constituents and that by changing the membrane composition the lymphocytes can be endowed with new functions. PMID- 6984064 TI - Allogeneic tumor rejection induced by the intravenous injection of Lyt-2+ cytolytic T lymphocyte clones. AB - The in vivo activity of murine Lyt-2+ cytolytic T lymphocyte clones was assessed in a tumor allograft model system. Mice that had been sublethally irradiated 16 h previously were injected intraperitoneally with 131I-IUdR-labeled tumor cells. Simultaneously, various doses of four cytolytic T cell clones were injected intravenously and the mice monitored for tumor cell elimination by whole-body counting tecniques. These four clones had been selected on the basis of their ability to proliferate in response to alloantigens in the absence of added T cell growth factor(s). With two of the four clones tested, rapid elimination of tumor cells within the peritoneal cavity was observed, as early as 48 h after intravenous injection of the cloned T cells. PMID- 6984062 TI - P80: a tumor-related protein found in many lymphomas of mice. AB - Examination of syngeneic tumor regressor sera prepared by immunization of mice with several different lymphomas revealed a common pattern of reactivity to proteins expressed in these tumors. Antibodies present in these sera immunoprecipitate a triplet of proteins of 115,000 mol wt (p115), 80,000 mol wt (p80), and 32,000 mol wt (p32) from many but not all T cell lymphomas of mice. P80, the predominant molecular species immunoprecipitated with these sera, is a nonglycosylated, phosphoprotein that does not appear to be expressed at the cell surface. Comparison of the tryptic peptides of p32 and p80 indicated that the peptides found in p32 are a subset of those found in p80. Comparison of the tryptic peptides of p80 with those of the p120 gag-fusion protein of Abelson murine leukemia virus demonstrated that p80 and p120 did not share tryptic peptides. Comparison of the partial proteolytic products generated by treatment of p80 molecules from different tumors with V8 protease did not reveal heterogeneity in p80 among tumors of different strains of mice. Direct labeling and competition blocking experiments with lysates from normal cells failed to provide evidence of p80 synthesis in normal thymus, spleen, or bone marrow. Thus, p80 is a biochemically identified tumor-related antigen of mouse lymphomas. PMID- 6984065 TI - Interrelationships between physical state, phenotypic stability and transferability of beta-lactamase genes in Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6984066 TI - Constitutive and gamma ray modified uptake of labelled precursors into the DNA of Dictyostelium discoideum during development. PMID- 6984067 TI - Preliminary observations on the use of a biologic sealing system (Tissucol) in periodontal surgery. PMID- 6984068 TI - [Studies on absorption, biotransformation and excretion of drug. VIII. Metabolic fate of a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, 2-oxo-3-[4-(1-oxo-2 isoindolinyl)phenyl]-butanamide (OIB) in rats]. PMID- 6984069 TI - Optical measurements of intracellular pH and magnesium in frog skeletal muscle fibres. AB - 1. Single twitch fibres were isolated from frog muscle, then mounted in a chamber which was positioned on an optical bench. The fibres were immobilized by high stretch (sarcomere spacing 3.9-4.3 mum) and by placement on a pedestal. Their optical properties were determined by illuminating a 35-65 mum diameter spot with quasimonochromatic light of intensity I(0) and measuring the intensity I of the transmitted light. Since the main purpose of the experiments was to draw inferences from the absorbance spectra of different indicator dyes injected into the fibres, all results were expressed in terms of absorbance A calculated from the equation [Formula: see text]. Changes in absorbance DeltaA were calculated from the differential form of the equation [Formula: see text].2. The absorbance of a normal, non-injected fibre was, on average, equal to 0.03 at 570 nm and varied approximately inversely with wavelength between 450 and 750 nm.3. The earliest change in absorbance following an action potential was a small, transient increase which was followed by a larger decrease. The decrease in fibre absorbance varied from 0.5 x 10(-4) to 3 x 10(-4) units.4. Resting myoplasmic pH was determined by comparing the absorbance spectrum from fibres injected with Phenol Red with that obtained from calibrating solutions in cuvettes. The muscle measurements were corrected for the intrinsic absorbance of fibre without dye. The average value of pH in two fibres was 6.9. The change in absorbance following an action potential in these highly stretched fibres was small. In one experiment the change, if due to pH alone, corresponded to an increase in pH of 0.004 peak and 0.002 maintained (relative to a resting level of 6.9). The maintained signal can be satisfactorily explained by the known amount of phosphocreatine hydrolysis.5. Estimates of myoplasmic free [Mg(2+)] were made using three metallochromic indicator dyes. A different estimate was obtained with each dye as indicated below. Since these dyes are sensitive to pH, as well as [Mg(2+)], the estimate depends on the assumed value of intracellular pH. [List: see text] This variability probably means that at least two, and possibly all three dyes behave differently inside muscle fibres than they do in calibrating solutions. The most likely explanation is that dye, once injected, can bind to cellular contents and that this alters its properties.6. Changes in absorbance of fibres injected with Arsenazo I, a dye three times more sensitive to Mg(2+) than to Ca(2+), were used to determine whether changes in free [Mg(2+)] occur following an action potential. The observed changes were small and could be due to a small increase in pH, of the magnitude measured with Phenol Red, and/or free [Mg(2+)]. In terms of a change in free [Mg(2+)], the results set an upper limit of 2%.7. The conclusion from the action potential experiments is that neither intracellular pH nor free [Mg(2+)] changes appreciably in highly stretched fibres. Changes in these two quantities can therefore be neglected in analysing the relatively large 650-660 nm Ca(2+) signal in fibres injected with the Ca(2+) (but also pH and Mg(2+)) sensitive indicator dye Arsenazo III. PMID- 6984070 TI - Use of metallochromic dyes to measure changes in myoplasmic calcium during activity in frog skeletal muscle fibres. AB - 1. Changes in transmission of quasi-monochromatic light were measured in singly dissected, dye-injected twitch fibres following a single propagated action potential. The records, after correction for the intrinsic transmission signal, indicate changes in dye-related absorbance, DeltaA. This paper describes the different components of dye-related signals in fibres injected with either Arsenazo III, Antipyrylazo III or Dichlorophosphonazo III.2. Fibres injected with Arsenazo III can show two kinds of changes in dye-related absorbance, an early isotropic change and a later dichroic change. The isotropic signal, which is the main subject of this paper, is transient in nature; it starts to develop before tension, reaches a peak in about 10 msec and is nearly over by 0.1 sec (16 degrees C). This signal is largest at 650-660 nm and measurements in this range indicate that the peak DeltaA varies approximately linearly with dye concentration between 0.2 and 0.7 mM. The wavelength dependence of the peak amplitude can be qualitatively fitted by the Ca(2+)-difference spectrum determined from cuvette calibration measurements. There may be a small maintained (0.4-0.5 sec) absorbance change of a few percent of the peak value at 650-660 nm, possibly reflecting a maintained increase in myoplasmic pH or free [Mg(2+)].3. In a fibre injected with approximately 0.5 mM-Antipyrylazo III, there were two kinds of dye-related absorbance signals, both of which were isotropic. There was no signal that was obviously dichroic. The earlier signal was similar in time course to the early isotropic Ca(2+) signal which was measured with Arsenazo III, and its magnitude followed the wavelength dependence of the Ca(2+)-difference spectrum determined from cuvette calibration measurements. By contrast, the wavelength dependence of the later absorbance change was similar to either the H(+) or Mg(2+)-difference spectrum. The direction of this late signal (0.2 sec after stimulus) would correspond to an increase in either myoplasmic pH or free [Mg(2+)]. Records of the absorbance change at all wavelengths can be fitted by a linear combination of the Ca(2+) waveform and the H(+)/Mg(2+) waveform.4. Fibres injected with Dichlorophosphonazo III showed three dye-related absorbance changes. There was an early isotropic signal, a later dichroic signal and a second isotropic signal. The wavelength dependence of the first part of the early signal is similar to the Ca(2+)-difference spectrum whereas the wavelength dependence of the second isotropic signal is similar to the H(+)- or Mg(2+) difference spectrum. As was the case with Arsenazo III and Antipyrylazo III, the direction of the second signal at late times would correspond to an increase in either pH or free [Mg(2+)]. Replacing H(2)O with D(2)O resulted in a marked diminution of the dichroic signal. In D(2)O, linear combinations of two basic isotropic waveforms were sufficient to account for the absorbance changes measured at all wavelengths.5. With all three metallochromic dyes, the time course of the early isotropic signal is similar to that of the second component of the intrinsic birefringence signal, at least to time of peak. On the assumption that this birefringence signal bears a unique temporal relationship to the myoplasmic free [Ca(2+)] waveform, at least to time of peak, the similarity suggests that all three dyes track free [Ca(2+)] with similar speed.6. The conclusion from the experiments is that there are, in general, two dye-related isotropic absorbance signals seen with Arsenazo III, Antipyrylazo III and Dichlorophosphonazo III. One has an early, transient time course and appears to be due to the formation of Ca(2+): dye complex in response to a transient increase in myoplasmic free [Ca(2+)]. The other signal persists after the free [Ca(2+)] transient has decayed. This appears to be due to a change in H(+): dye or Mg(2+): dye complex, such as would occur if there were a small maintained increase in myoplasmic pH or free [Mg(2+)]. PMID- 6984071 TI - Spectral sensitivity functions of post-receptoral responses in human vision. AB - 1. Increment threshold illumination levels, It, for visual detection of a one dimensional, spatially periodic test pattern (i.e. a grating) presented to the right eye have been measured following a period of adaptation to high contrast patterns. The right (test) eye was adapted to a grating, matched in bar-width and orientation to the test grating, and the left eye was adapted to a two dimensional matrix array of circular spots. It is shown that the value of It is dependent on the spatial and spectral parameters of the spot matrix. 2. The variation of It with change in matrix wavelength, lambda, is greatest for matrix spots of some 10-15 min of arc diameter. 3. Values of It were determined as a function of the matrix wavelength, lambda. Three kinds of spectral response have been observed, each associated with a different stimulus geometry, and each characterized by the wavelength, lambda, for which It is minimum. With an adaptation matrix consisting of coloured spots on a dark surround, It is minimum for values of lambda around 600 nm, whereas with a matrix of dark spots on a coloured surround, the minimum occurs for lambda around 520 nm. The third spectral response is found when a blue test grating is superimposed on a yellow background, conditions under which detection is mediated by the blue-sensitive, pi 1-increment threshold mechanism. In this case, It is minimum for lambda equal to about 450 nm. 4. Three subjects with normal colour vision each give similar spectral responses, but the data for two deuteranopic red-green dichromats deviate significantly from the normal response pattern. 5. The binocular interaction mechanism through which the spot matrix influences threshold detection of the test grating is discussed in relation to electrophysiological and other psychophysical data. PMID- 6984072 TI - Dichroic components of Arsenazo III and dichlorophosphonazo III signals in skeletal muscle fibres. AB - 1. Absorbance changes were measured following stimulation of single muscle fibres injected with the metallochromic indicator dye Arsenazo III. Two dye-related signals can be clearly resolved: (1) an early, transient isotropic signal that appears to be due to the formation of Ca(2+):dye complex and (2) a slower, transient signal that is ;dichroic' in nature. The dichroic signal is obtained by taking the difference between absorbance changes measured with light plane polarized along the fibre axis (0 degrees light) and at right angles to the axis (90 degrees light).2. The time course of the dichroic signal is the same at all wavelengths employed, suggesting that a single underlying process is involved. The wavelength dependence of the magnitude of the signal is similar to that obtained for dye absorbance in a resting fibre.3. At 570 nm, near the isosbestic wavelength for changes in H(+):dye, Mg(2+):dye and Ca(2+):dye, the dichroic signal is near maximal. The absorbance change with 0 degrees light is positive and is about twice as large as the change with 90 degrees light, which is negative. This finding is consistent with the idea that the dichroic signal arises from dye molecules which change their orientation in the radially symmetric muscle fibre. The direction of the change is for the dye's transition moment to become more aligned with the fibre axis during activity.4. During a train of ten action potentials the (isotropic) Ca(2+) transient increases in magnitude three-fold, whereas the dichroic waveform reaches a plateau value only 30-40% larger than the single twitch value.5. Replacing H(2)O in Ringers with D(2)O causes a slight reduction in the Ca(2+) signal, reduces the dichroic signal to 0.4 times normal, and reduces tension to 0.1 times normal. Qualitatively similar reductions were found to accompany an increase in osmolality of H(2)O Ringer from 1 x to 2.5 x normal.6. Dichroic signals are also observed in fibres injected with Dichlorophosphonazo III. These are similar in many respects to the Arsenazo III dichroic signals.7. With Arsenazo III, the dichroic signal probably arises from a reorientation of some dye molecules which are bound to one of the oriented structures in muscle. The reorientation lags the Ca(2+) transient and may be due to a change which occurs in the oriented structure itself. Using this idea, the Arsenazo III dichroic signal can be fitted by assuming that Ca(2+) ions bind to receptor sites and that this binding induces the required change in the oriented structure. The analysis indicates that the hypothetical receptors have a dissociation constant for Ca(2+) equal to 0.1-1 times the peak value of myoplasmic free [Ca(2+)] during a twitch and an ;off' rate constant equal to 10 30 sec(-1) at 15 degrees C. PMID- 6984073 TI - Influence of sarcomere length, tonicity, and external sodium concentration on conduction velocity in frog muscle fibres. AB - 1. Using an optical technique, conduction velocity in isolated frog muscle fibres has been measured at different sarcomere lengths and in solutions of altered tonicity and Na content. 2. Conduction velocity (in m/s) in normal Ringer solution is found to be independent of sarcomere length in the range of 2-5 microns. 3. Fibre cross-section appears to become circular with stretch to sarcomere lengths exceeding 4 microns. The data on fibre diameter and length are in agreement with the assumption that constant fibre volume is maintained during passive length changes. 4. In Na-deficient solutions, conduction velocity is reduced, in agreement with predictions based on action potential parameters. 5. In solutions of half or twice the normal tonicity, the conduction velocity is proportional to the square root of the measured fibre diameter. After correcting the bias involved in estimating fibre cross-section from only one measurement of fibre diameter, the data suggest an increase in specific internal resistance (Ri) by about 8% in twice hypertonic solution and a decrease by about 5% in half normal tonicity. 6. Releasing and stretching a fibre in hypertonic solution has no effect on conduction velocity as long as the initial sarcomere length is not exceeded. Stretching the fibre beyond the sarcomere length at which it was transferred to hypertonic solution reversibly increases conduction velocity. PMID- 6984075 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum in the adult. Double-contrast study of 7 cases]. AB - The authors report 7 cases of Meckel's diverticulum on a series of 500 double contrast small bowel enema (1,4%). In two cases, the diverticulum is not recognized by repletion study. So, they find that the double contrast small bowel enema is the most accurate method to detect a Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 6984074 TI - Synaptic inhibition of the M-current: slow excitatory post-synaptic potential mechanism in bullfrog sympathetic neurones. AB - 1. Slow muscarinic excitatory post-synaptic currents (slow e.p.s.c.s) generated by preganglionic nerve stimuli were recorded in voltage-clamped bullfrog sympathetic neurones. 2. IM--an outward, voltage-dependent, K+-current--was inhibited during the slow e.p.s.c., and membrane conductance was reduced in a voltage-dependent manner. 3. The slow e.p.s.c. was associated with reduced outward rectification in the steady-state current--voltage (I/V) curve at membrane potentials more positive than--60 m V, with no change in the shape of the non-rectifying part of the I/V curve at more negative potential. 4. The amplitude of the slow e.p.s.c. was reduced by membrane hyperpolarization, to zero at membrane potentials equal to, or more negative than, -60 m V. The voltage sensitivity of the slow e.p.s.c. accorded with that of IM. 5. It is concluded that the slow e.p.s.c. results from a selective inhibition of IM. PMID- 6984076 TI - Effect of quinoline-type antimalarial drugs on the binding of oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone by rabbit and human uterine cytosols. AB - Rabbit and human uterine cytosol, prepared and tested in phosphate buffer, bound less oestradiol-17 beta or progesterone than cytosol from the same source prepared and tested in Tris-HCl buffer. Dissociation constants were the same in both buffer systems, and the difference in binding was due to a difference in the number of binding sites. Three quinoline-type antimalarial drugs, chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine, and the quinoline derivative, 4-(4'-hydroxy-1' methylbutylamino)-7-chloroquinoline, increased the steroid binding capacity of phosphate-buffered cytosol to that of Tris-buffered cytosol, the optimal concentration of quinoline derivative being 1.4-1.6 mM. Tris (50 mM) increased the binding capacity of phosphate-buffered cytosol to that of Tris-buffered cytosol. The effects of Tris and quinoline derivatives were not additive. By gel chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation it was shown that the molecular size and sedimentation behaviour of the oestradiol and progesterone receptors were not affected by the quinoline derivatives. Two types of binding site are proposed, one requiring the presence of low molecular weight, basic compounds. The uterine levels of chloroquine attained by normal pharmacological doses of the drug are potentially capable of influencing the binding of oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone in the uterine cytosol. PMID- 6984077 TI - Characterization of immunoregulatory T cells and lymphocytophilic antibodies in ulcerative colitis: analysis with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens or suppressor/cytotoxic (Anti Leu-2a) and helper/inducer (Anti-Leu-3a) T cell subsets, we characterized peripheral lymphocytes in 27 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 15 age matched healthy controls by a fluorescence activated cell sorter. The patients with active UC had a reduced percentage (8.2 +/- 3.6%) of Anti-Leu-2a reactive subset in comparison with healthy controls (24.6 +/- 3.6%) (P less than 0.01). No significant change was found in the percentage of Anti-Leu-3a reactive T cells between the patients and the controls. Moreover, the relationship of lymphocytophilic antibodies found in the patients with UC to the T cell subsets was also examined. After a fraction of normal T cells was eliminated with treatment of the sera from patients with active UC, the percentage of T cells reactive with Anti-Leu-2a decreased from 25 to 15%, whereas the percentage of T cells reactive with Anti-Leu-3a increased from 40 to 70%. In the reciprocal study, the lymphocytophilic antibodies reacted with 80% of Leu-3a negative T cells and 65% of Leu-2a negative T cells. These results demonstrated that the lymphocytophilic antibodies found in UC patients are reactive with suppressor T cells and thus play an important role in the loss of peripheral suppressor cells in the active UC patients. The lymphocytophilic antibodies were also demonstrated to be reactive with non-helper, non-suppressor T cell subsets and some populations of helper T cells. These studies suggest the presence of immune regulatory disturbances contributing the pathogenesis of UC. PMID- 6984079 TI - A comparison of anti-DNA antibodies from serum and kidney eluates of NZB x NZW F1 mice. AB - The qualitative aspects of anti-DNA antibodies from the serum and those eluted from the kidney of (NZB x NZW)F1 (B/W) mice were evaluated in terms of their class and subclass specificity, avidity and isoelectric profile. Serum anti-DNA binding was demonstrated in both the IgG and IgM classes. In addition, all subclasses of IgG studied (IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b) were shown to bind DNA. Avidity measurements indicate that the avidity of isolated serum IgG for 125I labeled DNA decreases with age in B/W mice, while the avidity of isolated serum IgM remains relatively unchanged. Anti-DNA antibodies eluted from kidneys were found to be predominantly of the IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses. Equal amounts of both high and low avidity antibodies to DNA were demonstrated in the kidney eluates at all ages studied. Furthermore, the dissociation curves of these antibodies remained relatively unchanged with age. The isoelectric spectrum of serum antibodies to DNA obtained from mice at 4 to 11 months of age demonstrated considerable heterogeneity covering the pH range of 6 to 8.5. In contrast, the anti-DNA antibodies eluted from the kidney are slightly more basic in nature having isoelectric points between 7.2 to 9.0. This study suggests that distinct subpopulations of anti-DNA antibodies exist and that these may play an important role in the development of murine lupus nephritis. PMID- 6984080 TI - Serum mediated inhibition of T-cell activation in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 6984078 TI - 125I-C1q binding activity of soluble antigen-antibody complexes formed in vitro. AB - The ability of the 125I-C1q binding test to detect soluble antigen-antibody complexes formed in vitro was tested with two antigen-antibody systems. Using tetanus toxoid:anti-toxoid complexes, all of the increased 125I-C1q binding activity was due to soluble immunoglobulin aggregates present in the unheated tetanus immune globulin. Using BSA:anti-BSA complexes, maximum 125I-C1q binding activity was present in the soluble supernatants from the equivalence zone. No immune complexes were present in these supernatants and the increased activity appeared to be due to alterations in endogenous C1 during the formation of large, insoluble immune complexes. The 125I-C1q binding test readily detected large, insoluble BSA:anti-BSA complexes but may not detect small, soluble complexes which have been suggested to be important in disease pathogenesis. PMID- 6984081 TI - Significance of circulating antibodies directed against the Kveim suspension demonstrated in patients with sarcoidosis. AB - A hemagglutination test using coated sheep erythrocytes was devised for quantifying circulating antibodies directed against an extract of sarcoid spleen (K veim suspension). Out of 361 patients with respiratory sarcoidosis, the titres for 336 were less than 1:1,280. In 335 patients with various disorders the titres were less than 1:1,280 in 29. In 151 healthy controls the titres were never found to be less than 1:160. The circulating antibodies seemed to react specifically with antigenic determinant(s) contained in the K veim suspension and belonged primarily to the IgM class. PMID- 6984082 TI - T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic disease. AB - The proportion of T lymphocytes reacting with monoclonal antibodies to suppressor or helper T cell subsets and the proportion of T lymphocytes with Fc receptors for IgG or IgM were determined in synovial fluid and blood of 16 patients with rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The percentage of T cells reacting with monoclonal antibodies (Leu 2a or OKT 8) directed at the suppressor/cytotoxic T cell subpopulation, was significantly higher in synovial fluid than in blood of patients or healthy donors. Monoclonal antibodies (Leu 3a or OKT 4) with specificity for the helper T cell subpopulation, reacted with a lower percentage of synovial T cells than of blood T cells of patients or controls. This distribution pattern was found in patients with RA as well as in the other patients with chronic arthritis. The percentage of T cells with Fc-IgG receptors (TG cells) was much lower in synovial fluid than in blood of patients or controls. Thus, in synovial fluid the percentage of T cells reacting with monoclonal antibody to the suppressor/cytotoxic cell subset was fairly high (mean 45%) whereas the proportion of TG cells, considered to represent suppressor cells, was low (mean 4%). PMID- 6984083 TI - Management of recurrent ventricular tachycardia: a reappraisal. PMID- 6984085 TI - Target control of neuronal development during formation of the spinal reflex arc: an operant model. PMID- 6984086 TI - Computed tomographic scanning of the cerebellopontine angle and the internal auditory canal. AB - CT scanning of the posterior fossa has been available for eight years, with continued and marked improvements in the scanning accuracy and resolution, particularly in the past three years. Newer computer programs combined with thin axial and coronal slices allow discovery of lesions that are millimeters in size. CT scanning has become the method of choice for screening patients with symptoms referrable to the posterior fossa and is also the most accurate radiographic method of detection. By demonstrating lesions less than one cm in size, CT has greatly enhanced the diagnosis and improved the management of patients who suffer from posterior fossa lesions. PMID- 6984084 TI - Electrically promulgated peri-implant osteogenesis--human study. PMID- 6984087 TI - The in vitro resistance of canine staphylococci to trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole alone and in combination. AB - The in vitro resistance of 40 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dogs to trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole and co-trimoxazole (SXT) was assessed using the disc diffusion technique on Diagnostic Sensitivity Test Agar (DSTA), DSTA with 5% lysed horse blood (DSTA + B), IsoSensitest Agar (ISTA) and Wellcotest Sensitivity Test Agar (WSTA). When sensitivity was based on a zone width of greater than or equal to 4 mm all 40 strains were sensitive to SXT on DSTA + B and ISTA, 39 were sensitive on WSTA while only 31 (77.5%) were sensitive on DSTA. A comparison of the results obtained for each strain for trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole with those obtained with the Oxford strain of S. aureus and using a scheme for interpretation recommended by Garrod & O'Grady (1971) indicated that the proportion of strains classed as sensitive for therapeutic purposes was 5%, 55%, 47.5% and 15% respectively on DSTA, DSTA + B, ISTA and WSTA. PMID- 6984088 TI - [A case of T-cell malignancy with clinical manifestations of chronic leukemic reticuloendotheliosis]. PMID- 6984089 TI - [A case of adult T-cell leukemia with a huge splenomegaly, pancytopenia and prolymphocytosis after splenectomy]. PMID- 6984090 TI - [Adult T-cell leukemia under cytapheresis]. PMID- 6984091 TI - [Virological study of adult T-cell leukemia]. PMID- 6984092 TI - [Disorders of the respiratory tract in children--clinical and radiological findings]. PMID- 6984093 TI - [Clinical evaluation of T1-201 myocardial ECT by a rotating gamma camera]. PMID- 6984094 TI - [Primary sarcoma of the brain with enlargement of the internal auditory canal in a child]. PMID- 6984097 TI - [Evaluation of emission computed tomography of the liver using a rotating gamma camera--(1) [Experimental study))]. PMID- 6984095 TI - [The mechanism of the development of contact sensitivity and the methods of assessing allergenicity of contact sensitizers]. AB - Recent reports on the mechanism of the development of contact sensitivity and on the method of assessing allergenicity both in vivo and in vitro are reviewed. Various cell types and two processes, afferent and efferent limbs, involved in the contact sensitivity are discussed. Conditions for applying contact sensitizers which induce specific unresponsiveness, desensitization and antigenic competition are also discussed. Diagnostic methods for identifying contact sensitizers in vivo, patch testing, and in vitro, migration inhibition test and blastoid transformation are reported. Moreover, methods of assessing the allergenicity of contact sensitizers are reported centering on the guinea pig maximization testing. PMID- 6984096 TI - [Radionuclide cisternography using emission computed tomography (headtome)]. PMID- 6984099 TI - [Clinical evaluation of 201Tl myocardial ECT for diagnosis of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6984098 TI - [Evaluation of emission computed tomography of the liver--(2) Clinical study]. PMID- 6984100 TI - [Emission computed tomography using opposed dual cameras for 201Tl myocardial imaging: clinical usefulness of left ventricular axial tomography]. PMID- 6984101 TI - Color vision defects in pigmentary retinal dystrophy. AB - Color vision was studied, using the Farnsworth Panel D-15 test, in 72 patients (115 eyes) with primary pigmentary retina dystrophy of autosomal recessive inheritance, and the results were correlated with the visual acuity and visual field. The incidence of color vision defects and the degree of disturbance increased as the visual acuity and the visual field deteriorated. However, even in cases with the visual acuity better than 0.7, type III acquired blue-yellow defect was found in 22% of the cases. This type of color vision defect was also found in 52% of the cases with the visual acuity between 0.4 and 0.6. In the group with the visual acuity of 0.1 or less, total achromatopsia was found in 64% of the cases. The increment thresholds of the blue and green cone mechanisms in the fovea were determined by the two-color threshold technique of Stiles in 12 patients with the visual acuity better than 0.8. The thresholds of the blue cone mechanism (pi 1) and of the green cone mechanism (pi 4) were found to be elevated over the normal values. The increases in the former and the latter thresholds were correlated linearly with the slope of the regression of 0.64. The increase in the threshold of the blue cone mechanism was more pronounced than that of the green cone mechanism. Due to the difference in the density of both cones in the fovea, this result does not necessarily support the hypothesis that the blue cone mechanism is affected preferentially more than the green cone mechanism. PMID- 6984103 TI - [Transbronchial lung biopsy in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following therapy of adult leukemia]. PMID- 6984102 TI - Isotachophoretic analyses of metabolites of cardiac and skeletal muscles in four species. AB - We studied ATP and concentrations of other metabolites in cardiac and skeletal muscles from different species (frog, hamster, guinea-pig, and dog), using analytical capillary isotachophoresis. The method had several advantages for quantitative analysis of tissue metabolites: short separation time, high sensitivity, high resolution, and good reproducibility. It was also possible to detect a number of compounds simultaneously, including ATP, ADP, AMP, cyclic AMP, creatine phosphate (CP), inosine monophosphate, NAD, NADH, glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate, and inorganic phosphate. Generally, the concentrations of high-energy phosphates (ATP and CP) in the cardiac muscle were significantly lower than those in the skeletal muscle, in all species tested, except for hamster where the concentration of CP in the skeletal muscle was comparable to that in the cardiac muscle. In mammals, ATP and CP concentrations were comparable in the atrium and ventricle while the concentration in the frog ventricle was significantly higher than that in the atrium. The data obtained by this isotachophoretic analysis were comparable to the data reported by the use of other conventional analytical methods. The significance and reliability of isotachophoresis in the determination of the various metabolites in the cardiac muscle were discussed. PMID- 6984104 TI - [Control of patency of aorto-coronary bypass by computerized tomography (CT)]. PMID- 6984105 TI - [Acute gastroduodenal hemorrhages in stomach and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6984106 TI - [Effect of hypoxia on the electroretinographic changes in isolated frog retina]. PMID- 6984107 TI - Lymph node reactions to cancer. AB - Histological, histomorphometrical and histochemical data on the response of regional lymph nodes to tumor development, as recorded in experimental and clinical studies, were coordinated and supplemented by recent findings in experimentally induced autochthonous carcinomas in the rat gastrointestinal tract. The attempted correlation led to the definition of several prognostic parameters: 1) The development of germinal centers and the plasmocytic reaction in tumor draining nodes are morphological expressions of active humoral immune responses that may be specifically directed against the tumor. These reactions attain their maximum usually during late stages of tumor development. Their incidence and prognostic significance may vary depending upon the stage and the type of tumor. 2) Sinus histiocytosis is an immunologically nonspecific lymph node response with debatable prognostic significance. 3) Granulomatous sarcoid like lesions may be understood as signs of an immunologically mediated antitumor response of macrophages activated by T lymphocytes. They are indicative of a favorable prognosis. 4) Paracortical hyperplasia, characterized by an increased population of lymphocytes and eventually immunoblasts, is an expression of an active T-cell reaction. This reaction occurs typically during early stages of experimental tumors. Correspondingly, it is of favorable prognostic significance in human tumors. 5) Lymphocytic depletion and nodular alteration of T-cell areas, with increased histiocytic infiltration, are reactions most often seen in the draining nodes of an advanced tumor. Both seem to coincide with depression of the cell-mediated immune reactivity. The present assessment of the reactive behavior of diverse lymph node compartments may serve as a first pointer to the proposed histologic immunostaging of malignant tumors. PMID- 6984108 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in Crohn's disease: definition by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Thirty-two patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 32 age- and sex-matched controls were studied for T lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood, using monoclonal antibodies defining the helper/inducer and the suppressor/cytotoxic compartment. T cells were reduced in patients with CD (P less than 0.05), and this reduction was more pronounced in patients with active disease (P less than 0.01). This T-cell deficiency involves helper and suppressor cells proportionally. The proportion of helper and suppressor cells in CD was independent of disease activity and therapy. We conclude that the T-cell deficiency in CD is a secondary event, and that there is no derangement in the "immunoregulatory ratio" (helper to suppressor cells) in CD which might have served as an explanation for a possible autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6984109 TI - [Relations between the clinico-genealogical data and the protease-inhibiting activity of blood in patients with chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 6984110 TI - Value of monoamine metabolite determinations in CSF as an index of their concentrations in rat brain following various pharmacological manipulations. AB - Using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection it is possible to measure concomitantly the concentration of several monoamines, their metabolites and aminoacid precursors in 100 microliters of rat cerebrospinal fluid. To study the quantitative relationship between CSF and brain, alterations in brain monoamines and monoamine metabolites were effected by treatment with L-DOPA or L-5HTP administered with or without concomitant inhibition of extracerebral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase and by treatment with alpha-monofluoromethyldopa, probenecid, haloperidol, or probenecid plus haloperidol. The concentrations of the monoamine metabolites, 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid as well as of the L-DOPA metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylalanine in the cerebrospinal fluid were linearly correlated with the concentrations of these metabolites in the brain. However, these correlations need to be interpreted cautiously, since the slopes of the individual regression lines obtained after different pharmacological treatments differed significantly. PMID- 6984111 TI - Quantitative determination of gastrointestinal bleeding in rats. AB - A method for the quantitative determination of gastrointestinal bleeding in rats is described. The method is dependent upon the extraction of blood from stomach and intestinal contents, or from feces, of rats. The blood (heme) in the dry extract is measured spectrophotometrically after conversion to pyridine hemochromogen. The heme concentration is computed from the spectrophotometric scans of the dithionate-reduced versus the oxidized pyridine hemochromogen. The current method is suitable for the quantitative determination of acute and chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. It is also experimentally useful as a pharmacological screening technique and for quantitative comparisons of drug induced gastrointestinal bleeding. Contrary to existing methods, this method is easier, reproducible, accurate, less expensive, less time consuming, less risky (no radioactive material is required), useful in providing some information about the site of gastrointestinal bleeding, and is not influenced by changes in bile formation and flow. PMID- 6984112 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia subtypes in Israel: the Sheba medical center experience. AB - During the period from 1978 to 1981, 52 patients with ALL were diagnosed and treated at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center. Using standard cell markers to subtype the blasts, 49 of the patients could be classified: 16 were found to be T-cell ALL, 10 common ALL, five null ALL, four pre-B and 14 were partially characterized as non-B, non-T. Analysis of the series revealed two distinctive features: high prevalence (30%) of T-cell ALL among both Jews and Arabs and a high proportion, two-thirds, of high risk patients due to high initial WBC counts, unfavourable age or T-cell characteristics. The minimal incidence of ALL among the Gaza Strip Arab children during the study period is 4:100,000, which is close to the incidence in the Western world. During previous years the leukemia incidence in the Gaza Strip was very low while the most common lymphatic malignancies were Burkitt tumor and other non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PMID- 6984115 TI - B-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) with lymphoblasts expressing surface immunoglobulins only at relapse. AB - Morphological, cytogenetic and immunological studies were performed on lymphoblasts of two patients with acute lymphoid leukemia at onset and at relapse. At onset and before any treatment lymphoblasts had L3-FAB morphology, a 14q+ chromosome abnormality due to a 8;14 translocation in the absence of expression of specific immunologic markers (E-rosette, C3-receptor, surface immunoglobulins). The clinical behaviour of the two patients was characterized by a very short first complete remission and by a short survival. At relapse SIg was expressed by lymphoblasts of both patients. This evolution in immunological phenotype of the dominant blast populations from onset to relapse provides evidence that in vivo, during the course of the leukemic disease, phenotype changes take place that seem to be cell differentiation. PMID- 6984116 TI - T-lymphoblastic leukaemia and aspartate aminotransferase. AB - AST levels from 11 untreated children with T-ALL were found to be significantly higher than those from 74 children with non-T disease. The enzyme was not related to haemoglobin or bilirubin levels nor to the presence of hepatosplenomegaly in any of the patients. It was correlated with the white cell count, but only in the T-cell group and not the remainder. It was also correlated with a parallel (but lesser) rise in ALT, but again only in the T-cell group. The blast cells themselves contained little or no transaminase activity, so it is probable that T ALL produces more extramedullary tissue damage than non-T disease. PMID- 6984113 TI - Chromatographic forms of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in normal lymphoid cells and in leukemia cells at presentation and relapse. AB - Normal thymocyte and bone marrow terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) have distinguishing characteristics by phosphocellulose chromatography in Tris buffer: marrow TdT elutes as a single peak at 0.3 M salt, whereas thymocyte TdT separates into two forms, one at 0.3 M salt and one at 0.4 M salt. Since the majority of TdT-positive acute leukemias are anatomically bone marrow-derived, one would have predicted the presence of a bone marrow TdT-phosphocellulose chromatographic pattern in such patients. However, in 376 consecutive, untreated TdT-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) studied by us we have invariably encountered the two-peak thymocyte-type phosphocellulose pattern. The TdT patterns in the thymic-dependent, TdT-positive lymphoma of AKR mice, and the TdT-positive bone marrow-derived, thymic-independent Abelson virus leukemia of Balb/C mice duplicate the situation in human ALL: a thymocyte pattern is seen in both the marrow-derived and thymus-derived diseases. This chromatographic difference between leukemia-associated and normal marrow-associated TdT in both murine and human leukemia suggested that phosphocellulose-TdT patterns might be useful for monitoring residual marrow tumour cell burden in TdT-positive leukemia. This has not turned out to be the case: in eight patients studied in early relapse the blast cell TdT pattern was the single-peak 0.3 M species. Therefore, leukemic cell TdT cannot reliably be distinguished from normal marrow cell TdT. The chromatographic behaviour of TdT may be regulated by phosphorylation dephosphorylation, the 0.3 M salt peak can be converted to the 0.4 M salt species by treatment with protein kinase and ATP, and the 0.4 M species can be converted to the 0.3 M form by exposure to alkaline phosphatase. Thus, apparently anatomic compartment-specific forms of TdT may only reflect differing cellular metabolic activity. PMID- 6984114 TI - Chronic T-cell leukaemias. III. T-colonies, PHA response and correlation with membrane phenotype. AB - The functional capacity of T lymphocytes from 28 cases of chronic T-cell leukaemia--T-CLL, T-PLL, T-LCL and Sezary syndrome--was evaluated in a T-colony forming system and in a PHA response assay. Reduced or absent T-colony growth was observed in 23 cases (82%) while in five the growth was normal. Although a good correlation was generally observed between colony formation and PHA transformation, in a few cases a low PHA response was accompanied by moderate colony growth and vice versa. Characterization of the leukaemic T lymphocytes using monoclonal antibodies (OKT series) indicates that cases with a helper/inducer phenotype (OKT4+) showed moderately reduced or near-normal T colony numbers, whilst cases with a suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (OKT8+)- confined to T-CLL in this study--had a very low or absent colony growth. The functional abnormalities reported here suggest that neoplastic T-cells with a helper/inducer phenotype show a low proliferative response in the assay systems used, although expressing mature T-cell characteristics. The low growth observed in T-CLL confirms that cells with a suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype form few T cell colonies. PMID- 6984117 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Physiopathology and the source of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6984118 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Diagnosis and therapy of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6984119 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Nursing process for patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6984120 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Nursing of patients with hemorrhage of the lower digestive system: a case study]. PMID- 6984121 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Discussion: evaluation of the nursing process]. PMID- 6984122 TI - [Electrostimulation of the heart and electrotherapy in physical medicine]. PMID- 6984123 TI - Metabolism of adenosine and 2'-deoxy-adenosine by fetal mouse calvaria in culture. AB - The metabolism of endogenous adenosine and 2-deoxy-adenosine was studied in cultures of fetal mouse calvaria. Adenosine deamination was the most important pathway of metabolism. This was blocked by erythro-2-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (1 microM). Albumin in the medium could not account for the deaminase activity. The disappearance of adenosine from the medium was not influenced by two inhibitors of adenosine transport, dipyridamole and dilazep, but was competitively inhibited by 2-deoxy-adenosine. During culture there was a net increase in adenosine and inosine, possibly originating from damaged cells. PMID- 6984124 TI - An appraisal of third complement component (C3) and breakdown product (C3d) in erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). PMID- 6984125 TI - Immunoreactive corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and vasopressin are colocalized in a subpopulation of the immunoreactive vasopressin cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. PMID- 6984126 TI - The painful shoulder. PMID- 6984127 TI - [The electric drive of gammatomograph GPR-1]. PMID- 6984128 TI - [Exulceratio simplex Dieulafoy]. PMID- 6984129 TI - [Semicontinuous cultivation of fungi of the genus Aspergillus, producers of hydrolases]. AB - The production of exohydrolases (alpha-amylase and pectinase) by fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus was studied in the course of batch cultivation and, if immobilized cells were used, in the semicontinuous regime of growth. The cells were immobilized on a fixed filtering plate and on floating, in the growth medium, polyhedrons. Such a cultivation of immobilized microbial cells in the semicontinuous regime of growth on submerged polyhedrons freely floating in the nutrient medium makes it possible to cultivate the cells for 1.5 months with the active production of exocellular hydrolases. Under these conditions, Aspergillus oryzae 3-9-15 produces more alpha-amylase and A. awamori synthesizes more pectinases. PMID- 6984130 TI - Etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The major thesis of the proposed hypothesis is that in the absence of microbial material synovial macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis patients continue to release interleukin 1, which perpetuates the inflammation so characteristic of the disease. Its release is suggested to result from an altered synovial macrophage glutathione metabolism brought about by the action of interleukin 1 on host copper metabolism. Three anti-rheumatic drugs are suggested to act at different points in this pathogenic chain reaction. Alclofenac on interleukin 1, gold thiolates on copper-inhibited macrophage glutathione reductase, and D penicillamine on IgC catabolism. Drawing upon the hypothesis some suggestions are made for drug design. PMID- 6984131 TI - [Blood transfusion and protein intolerance]. PMID- 6984133 TI - [Phlegmona ("cellulitis") and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis]. AB - Soft tissue inflammation is a rare manifestation of H. influenzae infection. It is known in the anglo-american literature as "cellulitis". Usually there is concomitant bacteremia or septicemia. The combination of cellulitis and meningitis is rare and not well known in German pediatric literature. Three children with facial cellulitis together with H. influenzae meningitis are described. In comparison to the literature some unusual observations were made: Early appearance of cellulitis at the age of six weeks in two infants, cellulitis of the lower extremities at the same time in one, and biphasic course with cellulitis and meningitis secondary to mastoiditis in another infant. PMID- 6984132 TI - [Diagnosis of acute leukemia in childhood]. AB - The diagnosis of acute leukemia in childhood is based primarily on a morphologic evaluation of bone marrow smears. According to the French-American-British (FAB) classification three types (L1-L3) of acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and six types (M1 M6) of acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) are distinguished. Besides morphology cytochemical studies are used, particularly in cases where panoptic stains do not permit an unequivocal attribution to either ALL or ANLL. In addition, cytochemical reactions contribute to the distinction of myelocytic and monocytic types of ANLL. The heterogeneity of ALL in childhood is best revealed by immunological markers which permit to distinguish common, null, pre-T, T, pre B and B subtypes. A discussion of published results demonstrates that the prognostic implications of these studies cannot be clearly evaluated as yet. By use of monoclonal antibodies new subtypes of ALL, and, very recently, of ANLL have been defined. One important aspect of these diagnostic refinements is to tailor antileukemic therapy to prognostic factors. PMID- 6984136 TI - [Transplantation antigens: biological function and role as disease determinants]. AB - A summary of data is presented which illustrate that major transplantation antigens are named incorrectly for historical reasons. Their biological function is not really to promote rejection of foreign cells and organs but rather to guide cell-cell interactions of cells involved in immunological defense. Immunological recognition of self-transplantation antigens is determined in the thymus and influences the quality of the immune response, and therefore also disease susceptibility. PMID- 6984134 TI - Inflammatory myopathy: a review of etiologic and pathogenetic factors. AB - Human idiopathic inflammatory myopathy is an acquired disorder with an annual incidence of two to five cases per million. A genetic influence on host susceptibility may also play a role. With the marked heterogeneity of the disease one of the major challenges is to identify subsets that might share a more uniform pathogenesis and manifest a less diverse profile of clinical findings, histopathological abnormalities, and natural history. Dermatomyositis can be distinguished by clinical appearance and pathological changes, but the recognition of additional disease subsets remains very inexact. Current evidence suggests that dermatomyositis occurs as a result of a vasculopathy, but immune mechanisms involved in other categories of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy may also involve cell-mediated immunity and possibly multiple mechanisms. Even though viral-induced muscle inflammation occurs in humans, there is no convincing evidence for a viral cause of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Experimental allergic myositis may be produced by the injection of animals with skeletal muscle homogenates and complete Freund's adjuvant, but the myositogenic factor is unknown and the parallels between experimental allergic myositis and human idiopathic inflammatory myopathy are limited. PMID- 6984137 TI - [Life-threatening gastric bleeding in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum]. PMID- 6984138 TI - [Primary ciliary dyskinesia; ciliary activity and ultrastructure in 11 patients with Kartagener syndrome]. PMID- 6984135 TI - Branched skeletal muscle fibers not associated with dysfunction. AB - We report the occurrence of large clefts and branches in some amphibian vertebrate skeletal muscle fibers. Such fibers can be isolated intact from various skeletal muscles of fully mature animals and apparently are normal in other respects. Electron micrographs showed no signs of degeneration in most fibers. Electrical and mechanical studies revealed that all branches were excitable and able to contract. Branches evidently can arise in the absence of abnormal influences such as experimentally induced overload. The apparent cause may be either fusion or splitting of fibers. PMID- 6984141 TI - Choroid plexus papillomas. Neuroradiological diagnosis. PMID- 6984140 TI - Effect of thymic humoral factor on a local graft-versus-host reaction of lymphocytes in patients with lipoid nephrosis. PMID- 6984139 TI - Strong association of HLA-DR4 with benign IgA nephropathy. AB - 103 adult patients with biopsy-proved IgA nephropathy were typed for HLA-A and HLA-B antigens and 80 of these cases were typed for HLA-DR antigens. A significant association with HLA-DR4 was clearly noted (pc less than 0.04). The high phenotype frequency (PF) of BW35 was observed in the patients, but not statistically significant (pc less than 0.2). Two groups, the stable group and progressive group, were selected from all patients according to their clinical courses. The PF of HLA-DR4 was significantly higher in the stable group than the progressive group (pc = 0.005). The PF of BW35 was also higher in the stable group, but this difference was not statistically significant (pc = 0.6). The frequency of the combination of HLA-BW35 and DR4 increased significantly as compared to that in the control group. Further, the patients who had both of these antigens showed favorable courses. These results suggest that the HLA-DR4 antigen, especially a combination of HLA-BW35 and DR4 antigens are related to the occurrence of benign IgA nephropathy. PMID- 6984142 TI - Meperidine-induced hypothermia in the rat. AB - A dose of 40 mg/kg of meperidine (pethidine) caused a marked lowering of rectal temperature in restrained female rats at room temperature (22 degrees C). This decrease was not antagonized by injection of 1 mg/kg of naloxone, whereas hypothermia of equal magnitude induced by 20 mg/kg of morphine was reversed by 1 mg/kg of naloxone. Pretreatment with the serotonin reuptake blocker, fluoxetine (10 mg/kg), or a non-hypothermic dose of meperidine (20 mg/kg) significantly potentiated the hypothermia induced by 100 mg/kg of l-5-hydroxytryptophan. The hypothermic effect of 40 mg/kg of meperidine was significantly greater than that of 10 mg/kg of fluoxetine. Finally, 40 mg/kg of meperidine produced a significantly greater hypothermic effect in restrained rats than in unrestrained rats. The results indicate that the hypothermic effect of meperidine is not a result of an opioid action, and that although it may be mediated through serotonergic systems, inhibition of serotonin reuptake is probably not the primary mechanism. PMID- 6984143 TI - Radioimmunoassay and chromatographic characterisation of CRF-41-like immunoreactivity in hypothalami from several species. AB - We have developed a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the 41 residue ovine corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), employing direct radioiodination of the non-tyrosine containing synthetic peptide. Two different antisera are described, both raised against synthetic CRF conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin. With these RIA's, CRF-like immunoreactivity (CRF-LI) which eluted in the same position as synthetic ovine CRF on Sephadex G-50 was detected in ovine, bovine and rat stalk median eminence (SME). An additional, later-eluting peak of CRF-LI was found only in rat hypothalamic extracts. CRF-LI could also be detected in the void region of the chromatograms in all three species. PMID- 6984144 TI - Partial hydrocephalus with chronic subdural hematoma. AB - Two adult patients with unilateral chronic subdural hematomas are reported because of the presence of dilatation of the lateral ventricle opposite the hematoma. In both cases, dilatation was limited to the contralateral atrium and the occipital and temporal horns. The selective dilatation, we believe, is explained on the basis of the anatomy of the skull base and the falx. This phenomenon may contribute to an increase of the supratentorial pressure, originally elevated by the hematoma. This characteristic finding on computed tomographic scans should be regarded as critical in cases of chronic subdural hematoma. PMID- 6984145 TI - Protein turnover in normal and degenerating visual pathway of the frog and the rat, an autoradiographic study. AB - Radioactivity above background level can be detected in the contralateral visual pathway of normal rats as long as 250 days after intraocular injection of tritiated proline. Silver grains disappear first from the retina, and last from the superior colliculus. In the optic tectum and the isthmic nucleus of the frog, more than 500 days are necessary to reach background level of radioactivity, when labelled retinal fibres are undergoing Wallerian degeneration. The intensity of label in tectal laminae formed by myelinated fibres is markedly reduced 12 days after the removal of the labelled eye. In the laminae of unmyelinated fibres, the decrease in the number of silver grains is less than 50% during a 150-day degeneration period. In the isthmic nucleus radioactivity was less intense, when labelled retinal fibres were degenerating in the tectum, as compared to that in normal animals. Radioactivity in the superior colliculus decreased 3 times faster than in the tectum after removal of the labelled eye. We conclude that proline is reutilized for protein synthesis. Unmyelinated fibres degenerate slower than myelinated ones in frogs, and transneuronal transport cannot be enhanced by increased protein breakdown. PMID- 6984146 TI - [Diagnostic problems in mediastinal goiter]. PMID- 6984148 TI - [Efficacy of diiodo-propanol in the control of bacterial plaque]. PMID- 6984147 TI - [Pseudo-porphyria cutanea tarda in patients hemodialyzed for chronic renal insufficiency. Clinical, metabolic and immunological aspects]. PMID- 6984152 TI - [Malherbe's epithelioma: a case of dental significance]. PMID- 6984149 TI - [Clinical experiments with erythromycin stearate in surgery of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6984150 TI - [Indications for correct oral hygiene in orthodontics]. PMID- 6984151 TI - [Biophysical study on dental tissue changes due to the local application of strontium]. PMID- 6984154 TI - [Antiplaque action of diiodopropanol]. PMID- 6984156 TI - [Familial tendency in patients with compound odontomas]. PMID- 6984153 TI - [The possibility of contracting infective diseases, from saliva and blood, during dental practice]. PMID- 6984155 TI - [Amoxicillin products. Antibacterial and pharmacokinetic characteristics]. PMID- 6984158 TI - [Endodontic cements in the mandibular canal: probabilities of complications]. PMID- 6984159 TI - [Idiopathic leucokeratosis]. PMID- 6984157 TI - [Prevention today: comparison between traditional techniques and television messages]. PMID- 6984160 TI - [Problems of antibiotic drug therapy in infections of oral cavity]. PMID- 6984162 TI - [Computer and the dental office. 1]. PMID- 6984161 TI - [Electronic determination of length of root canals]. PMID- 6984163 TI - Sodium hyaluronate and tissue adhesive in treating corneal perforations. AB - The injection of sodium hyaluronate through perforation sites prior to tissue adhesive application has extended the current use of this modality to large perforations and perforations in which intraocular tissue is incarcerated. Three clinical cases are described in which the conjoint therapy was used, and four monkey eyes were studied clinically and histopathologically to test for adverse drug interactions. PMID- 6984164 TI - [One-stage spinal reclination using electrovibration in a compression fracture]. PMID- 6984165 TI - Comparative effects of electroacupuncture and transcutaneous nerve stimulation on the human blink reflex. AB - The effects of low frequency (2 Hz) high intensity (10-12 mA) (electroacupuncture, EA) and of high frequency (100 Hz) low intensity (2 mA) (transcutaneous nerve stimulation, TNS) conditioning stimuli were studied on the nociceptive component (R2) of the blink reflex in normal volunteers. EA induced a progressive and moderate partially naloxone-reversible depression in the R2 response. In contrast, TNS induced a rapid and major depression in this reflex. In this latter case, naloxone failed to produce any reversal effect. These two patterns of data are discussed and further electrophysiological studies provide some evidence for two different mechanisms in the depressive effects of EA and TNS upon the nociceptive component of the blink reflex in man. PMID- 6984166 TI - Studies on the host-parasite relationship of Schistosoma japonicum in normal and immunosuppressed mice. AB - Infections of Schistosoma japonicum were studied in mice which were immunosuppressed either by thymectomy and administration of antithymocyte serum or by treatment with hydrocortisone acetate. The relation of S. japonicum with the immunosuppressed host differed with that reported for Schistosoma mansoni. The pathogenesis of the S. japonicum infection in the immunosuppressed host was less severe than that caused by S. mansoni, with respect to survival of, and hepatocellular damage to, the host. In contrast with S. mansoni, S. japonicum did not have a reduced fecundity in immunosuppressed mice and there was no significant reduction in the numbers of faecal eggs excreted by these hosts. PMID- 6984167 TI - [Pathology of the immune system in trauma]. PMID- 6984168 TI - [Effect of clinical death on the primary immune response to thymus-dependent antigen]. PMID- 6984169 TI - [T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of children with chronic and recurrent infections]. PMID- 6984170 TI - [Immunological and metabolic shifts in newborn infants]. PMID- 6984171 TI - [Clinico-immunological comparisons in chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis in children]. PMID- 6984172 TI - [Paradoxical effect of the combination of lithium and sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim]. PMID- 6984173 TI - [Acute hemorrhagic colitis associated with oral ampicillin treatment]. PMID- 6984175 TI - [A case of torsade de point under bepridil treatment]. PMID- 6984174 TI - [Evaluation of cochlear and vestibular functions of patients treated by dibekacin in an E.N.T. unit]. AB - Cochlear and vestibular ototoxicity of dibekacin was evaluated in 27 patients treated with aminoglycoside after surgery on head and neck cancer. The treatment was administered intramuscularly or intravenously during 13 days at the schedule of 3 mg/kg per day. Cochlear and vestibular functions were tested by audiometry and electronystagmography before the administration of the antibiotic and on the 14th, 30th day, and for certain patients on the 4th month after the start of the treatment. No cochlear ototoxicity was found after the dibekacin treatment. On the other hand, the dibekacin treatment produced minor abnormalities of ENG (irritative pattern). PMID- 6984176 TI - [Program of tuberculosis and respiratory disease control in Poland 1981-1990]. PMID- 6984177 TI - Improvement of left ventricular function after ligation of the anomalous left coronary artery during infancy. AB - Considerable controversy surrounds the optimal management of symptomatic infants with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery; this includes the timing and type of surgical intervention. Long-term follow-up was obtained on three patients who had simple ligation of the anomalous left coronary artery at or before 8 months of age; long-term follow-up on an adolescent treated with a saphenous vein bypass graft from the aorta to the coronary artery was available for comparison. Remarkable increase in left ventricular contractility was observed in the three patients treated only by simple ligation of the anomalous left coronary artery during infancy. Thallous chloride T1 201 exercise studies disclosed no perfusion abnormalities in any of the patients despite angiographically demonstrable wall-motion abnormalities in two of the four patients. Our study suggests that simple ligation of the anomalous left coronary artery near its origin in patients with angiographically detectable left-to-right shunting can provide long-term survival with good left ventricular function and minimal clinical complaints. PMID- 6984178 TI - What about short course and intermittent chemotherapy for tuberculosis in children? PMID- 6984179 TI - Reactive arthritis associated with Campylobacter enteritis. AB - Campylobacter jejuni has recently become recognized as a leading cause of diarrhea. To date reactive arthritis has rarely been diagnosed in association with Campylobacter enteritis. Clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies and management of 21 patients with Campylobacter-reactive arthritis are reviewed. The symptom-free interval between diarrhea and arthritis lasts from a few days to several weeks. In two-thirds of the patients sterile joint involvement is multiple, is migratory and includes large joints. Fever and leukocytosis are usually absent, whereas the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is elevated. Positive association with HLA-B27 is found in approximately 60% of cases. Arthritic course is self-limiting and ranges from one week to several months, and prognosis is excellent. These features of Campylobacter-reactive arthritis are consistent with those of reactive arthritis associated with Salmonella, Shigella or Yersinia intestinal infection. PMID- 6984180 TI - Neonatal cellulitis due to Gardnerella vaginalis. PMID- 6984181 TI - Trichomonas vaginalis urinary tract infection in an infant. PMID- 6984183 TI - Modulation of epithelioid cell granuloma formation to apathogenic mycobacteria by cyclosporin A. AB - Epithelioid cell granuloma (ECG) formation after subcutaneous injection of different strains of mycobacteria has been followed by light and electron microscopy. EC granulomas are found at 2 weeks after injection at the local site and in the regional lymph nodes. The cellular composition of the inflammatory exudate as well as the reaction pattern of the lymphoid tissue showed characteristic time dependent changes. Infection with various strains of mycobacteria, however, did not reveal significant differences with respect to ECG formation. Treatment with cyclosporin A (CS-A) prevented the formation of ECG and the development of caseating necrosis. Macrophages accumulated at the local site and in the regional lymph node and contained numerous mostly well-preserved mycobacteria. No generalization of the infection was found, however. These results strongly suggest that ECG formation in vivo is 1) a T lymphocyte dependent phenomenon and 2) that inhibition of T lymphocyte activation by CS-A prevented also harmful effects of the mycobacterial infection in our model. The relevance of these results with respect to granulomatous diseases are discussed. PMID- 6984182 TI - Broncho-alveolar lavage in sarcoidosis. Correlation between alveolar lymphocytosis and clinical data. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and in normal subjects. In both smoking and nonsmoking sarcoid patients, the proportion and number of lymphocytes were significantly increased compared to corresponding controls (p less than 0.001 in each cases). BAL lymphocytes were identified as T lymphocytes (88 +/- 9% formed E rosettes). Neither the radiological stage, nor the duration of disease are related to the lymphocyte number. However, alveolar lymphocytosis is significantly correlated with clinical pattern (p less than 0.02) and with clinical extrathoracic dissemination (p less than 0.001). Black patients have significantly more disseminated disease than Whites (p less than 0.001). The lymphocytosis of the bronchoalveolar space is associated with the presence of granulomas in bronchial biopsies (p less than 0.005). For clinical purposes, the results of BAL were helpful in determining the evolutivity of the disease, particularly progression to stage III. Together with a high lymphocyte count, a significant increase of all the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was found in stage III (4.0 +/- 4.6 X 10(4) PMNL/ml, p less than 0.001) compared to earlier stages (respectively 0.6 +/ 0.5 X 10(4), 0.7 +/- 0.9 X 10(4) and 0.7 +/- 0.9 X 10(4) PMNL/ml for stages I, IIA and IIB). BAL may also be used to follow up sarcoid patients. Repeated BAL were performed in 23 patients. No modification in alveolar lymphocytosis is found in patients with steady state disease, but, in healed patients the lymphocyte number returns to normal. PMID- 6984185 TI - [Role of the antiaggregation properties of the vascular wall in blood coagulation disorders]. PMID- 6984184 TI - [Decreased sensitivity of frog bladder cells to the antidiuretic hormone in the presence of D20]. AB - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) does not enhance the bladder wall permeability for the water, when 50% of the water is substituted for D2O in Ringer's solution. ADH reaction is partially reduced in the inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity by theophylline. In D2O presence cAMP-theophylline combination stimulates the water penetration, growing in proportion to an increase in Ringer's solution osmolarity under polyethylene glycol 400 action. It is suggested that D2O affects ADH membrane receptor interaction or intensifies cAMP destruction, but the effectiveness of the subsequent intracellular reactions, stipulating augmentation of osmotic permeability, persists. PMID- 6984186 TI - [T and B lymphocytes in the ontogenetic development of man]. AB - The study of the ontogenesis of immunity in man is still in progress and development. In this paper the two major subpopulations of human lymphocytes--T (thymus dependent) and B (bursal equivalent or thymus independent) were examined during the ontogenetic development of man. These subpopulations can be examined in vitro by the methods distinguishing superficial receptors on these cells- namely by the rosseting methods. B lymphocytes with the receptor for Fc of immunoglobulin can be distinguished by the EA test, and with receptor for C3 by the the EAC test. T lymphocytes can be detected in blood by the E test using their capacity to bind sheep red cells forming rossetes. This phenomena is very dependent upon temperature changes during the experimental procedures and this may partly explain the widely different proportions of E rosseting forming cells found by different authors ranging from 37% to 81% in blood of healthy adults. So there is a great necessity for each laboratory to have their own normal value in the healthy children in different age to compare it with those estimated in different states of the disease. Percentages of T and B lymphocytes were evaluated in children in 5 different age groups: below 1 year, 2-3 years, 4-5 years and over 10 years. Moreover the number of T and B lymphocytes was evaluated in the peripheral blood of pregnant women (2 and 3 trimester), of women at delivery, in the cord blood and the blood of newborns on 5-th day of life. The normal control group consisted of 71 healthy adults. In some children of four age groups the absolute counts of T and lymphocytes were estimated. The results are presented in Tabl. I, II and. fig. 1, 2. We found significantly decreased percentage of T lymphocytes in some estimated groups versus control--it is in peripheral blood of pregnant women, women at delivery, in cord blood, in newborns at 5-th day of life (p less than 0.001) and in the groups of children below 5 years (0,01 less than p less than 0,02 and 0,02 less than p less than or equal to 0,05). In children older than 5 years the number of T lymphocytes was within normal limits. Total number of peripheral T lymphocytes was significantly increased in children age 2-5 years (p less than 0.001) and in children below 10 years (0.02 less than p less than or equal to 0.05). Percent of B lymphocytes estimated by the EA and EAC tests was elevated in pregnant women and women at delivery. The statistical difference between these two groups from one site and the group of healthy adults was highly significant (p less than 0.001). In some newborns we found also elevated percent-age of B lymphocytes with the receptor for C3 (EAC test) on 5-th day of life. The difference between this group and adults was not so great (0,02 less than p less than or equal to 0.05). It was also stated that absolute counts of B lymphocytes estimated by EA and EAC tests was elevated in children below 10 years of age. PMID- 6984187 TI - [Current problems in the prevention, early detection and differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6984188 TI - B-cell growth factor: distinction from T-cell growth factor and B-cell maturation factor. AB - A T-cell hybridoma was derived by somatic cell hybridization between concanavalin A-activated BALB/c spleen cells and the AKR thymoma BW 5147. Media conditioned by hybridoma cells, even at high dilutions (1:1,000) support the growth of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B-cell blasts but not that of T-cell growth factor (TCGF)-reactive T-cells. This activity, herein designated B-cell growth factor (BCGF), has a Mr of approximately equal to 20,000 and it can readily be separated from TCGF (Mr approximately equal to 30,000) by gel filtration. BCGF is constitutively produced by the hybridoma cells, it is removed from conditioned media by incubation with target cells at +4 degrees C, and it is equally effective on B-cell blasts carrying different major histocompatibility complex and Ig haplotypes. BCGF shows no T-cell replacing factor (TRF) activity, and it is poor in supporting the development of Ig-secreting plaque-forming cells in B cell blast cultures. Terminal maturation, however, can be induced in BCGF dependent blasts by addition of conditioned media from normal helper T cell cultures, suggesting that two distinct factors are involved in the helper cell dependent growth and maturation of B lymphocytes. PMID- 6984189 TI - Identification of idiotypic receptors on reovirus-specific cytolytic T cells. AB - Cytolytic T lymphocytes (Tc) specific for cells infected with reovirus type 3 were shown to lyse an uninfected B-cell hybridoma line (designated 87.92.6). This hybridoma expresses and secretes an anti-idiotypic antibody that reacts with a monoclonal antibody (termed G-5). G-5 recognizes a domain on the hemagglutinin of the reovirus that is relevant to virus tropism. The Tc cell response was H-2 restricted and could be inhibited by G-5. As shown by limiting dilution analysis, identical clones lysed reovirus-infected and anti-idiotype-bearing target cells. Tc cells induced by a variant of wild-type reovirus type 3 (immunologically selected by resistance to neutralization by G-5) were unable to recognize the anti-idiotype-bearing cells although they lysed reovirus type 3-infected tumor cells. We conclude that Tc cells must bear determinants that bind anti-idiotype molecules and, furthermore, that B cells and cytolytic T cells can share these idiotypic determinants. PMID- 6984190 TI - Production of functional human T-T hybridomas in selection medium lacking aminopterin and thymidine. AB - The production of hybridomas between immunologically activated T cells and malignant T-cell lines offers a potentially unlimited source of soluble T-cell derived products. Recently, human T-T hybrids have been described; however, their use has been hampered by slow growth and chromosomal instability due at least in part to the presence of thymidine in the traditional hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine (HAT) selection medium. In this report, we describe the development of a rapidly growing hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient human T-cell line designated J3R7, the use of azaserine/hypoxanthine (AH) medium as an alternative selection medium to HAT medium, and the production of functional T-T hybrids by using the J3R7 line and the AH selection technique. Hybrids selected in AH medium were 4-fold greater in number and 3-fold faster in growth rate than hybrids grown in HAT medium. No stable clones were obtained from HAT cultures whereas AH-derived hybrids could be readily cloned by the method of limiting dilution. Evidence for hybridization included (i) the presence of approximately twice the number of chromosomes in hybrids than in J3R7 cells; (ii) the presence on hybrid cells of the Leu-3a surface antigen, present on normal helper T cells but not on J3R7 cells; (iii) the expression of HLA antigens of both the normal T-cell partner and the J3R7 line; and (iv) the constitutive secretion of interleukin 2 from multiple hybrid clones but not from the J3R7 cell line. Thus far, these clones have maintained their rapid growth, chromosome number, surface phenotype, and constitutive secretion of interleukin 2 for 4 months. PMID- 6984191 TI - Three distinct antigens associated with human T-lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis: LFA-1, LFA-2, and LFA-3. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were prepared to anti-HLA-DR cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and screened for inhibition of CTL-mediated killing. Binding of monoclonal antibodies to four types of molecules, LFA-1, LFA-2, LFA-3, and HLA-DR, inhibited killing, suggesting that these molecules participate in the CTL-target cell interaction. The antigens were characterized by immunoprecipitation, crosslinking, NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunofluorescence flow cytometry. The LFA-1 antigen contains alpha and beta polypeptide chains of Mr 177,000 and 95,000 that are noncovalently associated in an alpha 1 beta 1 structure. It is present on both B and T lymphocytes and marks subpopulations that differ in quantitative expression. Human LFA-1 appears to be the homologue of mouse LFA-1. Human LFA-2 is of Mr 49,000 with a minor component of Mr 36,000. It is expressed on CTL lines but not on a B-cell line and in peripheral blood preferentially on T lymphocytes. Human LFA-3 is of Mr 60,000 and is expressed on both B and T lymphocytes. PMID- 6984194 TI - Strength-duration characteristics of lateral hypothalamic and periaqueductal gray reward-path neurons. AB - Behaviorally measured strength-duration curves were plotted for reward related neurons stimulated by electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and ventral periaqueductal gray (PG). The average curves for the two groups were only marginally different, suggesting that similar neural populations mediate self stimulation at the two sites. Analysis of the data for both groups indicates that stimulating pulses shorter than 0.1 msec stimulate mainly a short time-constant substrate with an average time-constant of about 0.1 msec. This is the same time constant that has been reported in the literature for myelinated axons having a wide range of conduction velocities. It is suggested that the marked departure of behaviorally determined strength-duration curves from the approximately exponential form usually exhibited by single elements is due to the stimulation of unmyelinated elements by long (but not by short) stimulation pulses. PMID- 6984192 TI - Excessive mineralization with growth plate closure in rats on chronic warfarin treatment. AB - Rats maintained for 8 months on a level of warfarin sufficient to decrease the vitamin K-dependent protein of bone (bone Gla protein) to 2% of normal have an excessive mineralization disorder characterized by complete fusion of the proximal tibial growth plate and cessation of longitudinal growth. The general features of this abnormality resemble the fetal warfarin syndrome in humans, a disorder also characterized by excessive mineralization of the growth plate. These excessive mineralization disorders may be caused by the decreased levels of bone Gla protein, a protein that potently inhibits mineralization in vitro. PMID- 6984193 TI - Serum and epidermal growth factor transiently depolarize quiescent BSC-1 epithelial cells. AB - Continuous intracellular recording of membrane potential with microelectrodes in BSC-1 epithelial cells has been used to study the early ionic effects of the interaction of mitogens with cell surface receptors. Initial results show that (i) there is no significant difference in membrane potential between growing and quiescent cells, (ii) addition of epidermal growth factor or serum to quiescent BSC-1 cells induces a brief and transient depolarization, (iii) the mitogenic response of BSC-1 cells to epidermal growth factor and the transient depolarization show similar concentration dependences, and (iv) serum addition to quiescent BSC-1 cells induces a sustained increase in Na+ influx that is electroneutral and amiloride sensitive. Intracellular pH changes may be a primary event triggering the response of quiescent cells to mitogenic polypeptides. PMID- 6984195 TI - Sagittal knife cuts in the near and far lateral preoptic area-hypothalamus reduce ultrasonic vocalizations in female hamsters. AB - Although it has been reported that lesions of the medial preoptic area reduce ultrasonic vocalizations in female hamsters, the neural connections of this area important for ultrasound production have not been investigated. We, therefore, tested vocalizations in female hamsters following sagittal cuts along the medial preoptic area-medial anterior hypothalamic continuum (MPOA-MAH) at either the medial (Near Lateral or NL cuts) or lateral (Far Lateral or FL cuts) border of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Bilateral NL and FL cuts did not affect spontaneously occurring vocalizations or vocalizations occurring during contact with males, but were equally effective in substantially blocking increases in vocalizations following exposure to males. Another group of animals with a unilateral NL cut and a contralateral FL cut showed a vocalization deficit comparable to that in NL and FL groups, suggesting that NL and FL cuts severed a common pathway important for ultrasonic calling. These results indicate that the lateral connections of the MPOA-MAH are critical for ultrasonic vocalizations. Alternatively, a ventral pathway from the medial amygdala to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, one which crosses the plane of both NL and FL cuts, is discussed in relation to the deficits observed. PMID- 6984196 TI - Unemployment and risk of minor psychiatric disorder in young people: cross sectional and longitudinal evidence. PMID- 6984197 TI - [Postasphyxia cerebral changes in the newborn infant. The significance of tomographic hypodensity]. AB - The CT findings in 37 asphyctic newborns are presented, particularly concerning the hypodense lesions. 11 out of 27 term infants and 4 out of 10 preterm neonates had 2 or 3 serial scans, the last when they were 2-5 months old. In most of cases a long run normalization of former periventricular hypodensity has been observed, with normal clinical follow-up, 6 cases (2 preterm and 4 term neonates) had cortical hypodensity too: 2 of these revealed afterwards atrophy and hydrocephalus, 2 ventricular asymmetry and slight cortical spaces enlargement; in 1 case the cortical parietal hypodensity, formerly showed, was confirmed; 1 case finally was normal at three month scan. The relevance of the cortical hypodensity in most serious brain damage is underlined; the hypodensity of the white matter, on the contrary, could mean wether a postasphyctic lighter, reversible brain damage, or the physiologic postnatal condition, such a still unfilled myelinization. PMID- 6984198 TI - [Positron tomographic study of the behavior of 13N-labeled nitrous oxide in the human brain]. AB - The synthesis of 13N-labelled nitrous oxide was made following NICKLES' method. After a partial denitrogenisation by breathing pure oxygen for 3 min, the subject inhaled a bolus of 13N-labelled nitrous oxide diluted in 2 l of oxygen (a mixture of 5% 13N2O and 95% O2). After an apnea of 30 sec the subject began to breathe in a closed respiratory system containing a mixture of 10% N2O and 90% O2. Eight images of the brain taken at level OM + 3 in 4 subjects showed an important uptake in the cerebellum and in the frontal and temporal cortex. Six min after inhalation of the bolus, the radioactivity in the cerebellum showed a clear decrease, whereas little decrease was observed in the frontal cortex and only a slight decrease in the temporal cortex. In order to suppress the activity due to the vascular comportment, an experiment was performed under the same conditions as the previous one, but using sodium pyrophosphate containing tin and 25 mCi of Tc-99m pertechnetate. The correction factors vary from 0.394 to 0.894 depending on the R.O.I. The activity curves after correction showed a predominance in the frontal cortex. It can therefore be concluded that some specific zones of the brain are receptive to N2O and in particular the frontal cortex. These results were compared with the data obtained from the electrophysiological recording of the frontal region of the brain (C.N.V.: Contingent Negative Variation). PMID- 6984199 TI - [Effects of distal axotomy on field potentials of the external oculomotor nucleus in the waking cat]. AB - The electrophysiology of abducens nucleus antidromic field potentials from onset of peripheral axotomy up to reinnervation has been studied in the alert cat. Nerve section induced a reduction of 80% in the amplitude of the antidromic field potential. This reduction began from 2 to 5 days after axotomy and returned to control values from 20 to 30 days later, in parallel with recovery of oculomotor function. During the critical chromatolytic period, the latency of the antidromic potentials increased, while the amplitude of the antidromic field potential could be easily modified by adequate visual and/or vestibular stimulation. In contrast to control motoneurons, axotomized cells showed a noticeable variability in their activation latency, as well as a higher threshold for the antidromic invasion of the IS-SD compartments. PMID- 6984200 TI - [Activity of axotomized motor neurons of the external oculomotor nucleus in the waking cat]. AB - The spontaneous and the visual and vestibular induced activity of axotomized abducens motoneurons (ABD Mns) has been recorded in alert cats. Axotomy was carried out peripherally in the ocular orbit. ABD Mns were identified by their antidromic activation from the VIth nerve. Control Mns showed a clear relationship with eye position and velocity in the horizontal plane, whereas axotomized Mns showed a remarkable variability in their antidromic activation, a rapid fatigability during eye fixations and a decreased sensibility to eye velocity. Occasionally, axotomized Mns fired a short burst of activity before saccades in the off-direction. Functional involvements of described findings are discussed. PMID- 6984201 TI - Growth of anuran oocytes in serum-supplemented medium. AB - Appropriately-sized oocytes from Xenopus laevis can be grown in vitro in vitellogenin-containing serum for up to 2 weeks. The source of serum appears to be unimportant. Rates of oocyte growth are somewhat better than those achieved in the presence of vitellogenin alone. Rana pipiens oocytes grow about twice as fast as X. laevis oocytes under identical conditions. The oocyte culture conditions described appear to be applicable to amphibian oocytes in general. PMID- 6984202 TI - [The pineal organ of the pike (Esox lucius L.) V. Radioautographic study of in vivo and in vitro incorporation of indolic precursors]. PMID- 6984203 TI - [Role of five Lactobacillus strains on carbohydrate degradation in monoxenic chickens]. AB - Five strains of Lactobacillus were isolated in holoxenic roosters; two of these which had an alpha-amylase were inoculated separately into 5 groups of axenic chickens fed the same diet. Some differences among these 5 groups were noted. Lactobacillus proliferation varied between ten and a thousand-fold, depending on the strain, and for the same strain depending on whether the crop, caecum or faeces was examined. Amylolytic lactobacilli in vivo played a role in starch degradation in various ways related to the specific properties of their amylase. Lactic acid production in the crop was higher with the three strains producing the two lactic acid isomers than with the two strains producing only one of the isomers. Finally, monoxenic caecal digestion was different from that of both the axenic and the holoxenic. PMID- 6984204 TI - Plasma levels of vitamin D metabolites in the bovine species during the perinatal period. AB - Plasma vitamin D metabolites (25-OH D; 24,25-(OH)2D and 1,25-(OH)2D) were measured simultaneously in the blood plasma samples of young cows and their calves. Four of the calves were chronically catheterized in utero at least 2 weeks before the expected time of parturition. No significant hypocalcaemia occurred in the dams at calving. Plasma vitamin D metabolites showed no significant variations for 2 weeks before and 4 days after calving. But rapid changes in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were observed in one calf during the first 48 postnatal hours. Before birth, the maternal and foetal concentrations of either 1,25-(OH)2D or 24,25-(OH)2D were positively correlated. 25-(OH) D (13 ng/ml), 24,25-(OH)2D (1 ng/ml) and 1,25-(OH)2D (76 pg/ml) were detected in one foetal plasma collected 35 days before term. PMID- 6984205 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Current state of the problem]. PMID- 6984206 TI - [Alveolar macrophages]. PMID- 6984207 TI - [Secreting adrenal carcinoma with probable defect in 11 beta hydroxylation]. PMID- 6984210 TI - [Coronary artery spasm surgical treatment and its prevention]. PMID- 6984209 TI - [Nonspecific natural cytotoxicity as an active participant in the ensemble of the means of immune defense]. AB - The organism of mammals, the most evolved animals phylogenetically possess complex mechanisms of immune defence. The effectors of these mechanisms can be grouped according to the way in which they recognize structures non self to the organism, into two large categories: (a) that attack the antigen regardless of its antigenic nature, therefore unspecific, and (b) that attacks and destroys the antigen selectively, i.e. specifically. According to the way in which and the distance at which foreign elements are recognized, the defence means act (a) by humoral mediated (at a distance through antibodies), and (b) by cellular mediation (by direct contact between the effector cells and the target). Until recently, the humoral mediated defence (formation of antigen-antibody complex, complement activation, etc.) or some forms of cell mediated defence (cytotoxicity exercised by T cytotoxic cells or K killer cells) were considered as the major, dominant elements of protection of the organism. Another defence component has recently been identified, that acts unspecifically by direct contact with the target cell and which, in contrast to what was known up to date, manifests its function even if the organism has never before come in contact with the respective aggressor (was not immune stimulated). This means of defence is not influenced by previous immunizations, being maintained at a constant level, but is influenced by a series of other factors. It is known as unspecific natural cytotoxicity, and the effector cells as natural killer (NK) cells. The NK function intervenes along the first line of defence in viral, bacterial infections, neoplasms, etc. The present paper refers to the biological role of NK cells and their possible relationship with the other components of the immune system. PMID- 6984208 TI - [Estrogens, thrombosis of the splenic vein and bleeding varices of the gastric fundus]. PMID- 6984211 TI - [Myocardial protection in aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Additive protection to cold cardioplegia]. PMID- 6984213 TI - [Fundamental study and clinical trial of calcium antagonist, verapamil for the enhancement of myocardial protection]. PMID- 6984214 TI - [2-year clinical experience in the United States--status of surgical therapy of acute ischemic heart disease in southern California]. PMID- 6984216 TI - [Simultaneous operation of aortic valve replacement and aorto-coronary bypass]. PMID- 6984217 TI - [Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage following aortocoronary bypass operation]. PMID- 6984215 TI - [A surgical treatment of atypical coarctation of the aorta associated with atrial septal defect and bronchiectasia]. PMID- 6984212 TI - [A study on myocardial protection for coronary artery surgery--evaluation of cold crystalloid cardioplegia on occurrence of postoperative arrhythmias]. PMID- 6984218 TI - [Histologic, ultramicroscopic, and microradiographic study of histiocytosis X lesions in the periodontium]. AB - Examination under an optical microscope of a radiolucent mandibular lesion showed a proliferation of histiocytes. Upon further examination of electron micrographs, the lesion showed the presence of Langerhans cell granules, within the histiocytes, thus confirming the clinical diagnosis of Hand-Schuller-Christian's disease. Microradiographic study of the canine tooth and the surrounding alveolar bone shows alveolar and root resorption, as well as signs of osteomalacia. PMID- 6984220 TI - Effect of vasopressin on canine gastric mucosal circulation. AB - Continuous intravenous infusion of small doses of vasopressin (0.05 microgram/kg/h) in anaesthetized dogs was effective in reducing gastric mucosal flow, whereas moderate doses (0.2 micrograms/kg/h) induced a substantial flow reduction. Larger doses of vasopressin (2-4 micrograms/kg/h) precipitated massive gastric flow reduction with subsequent hyperaemia, which was not effectively controlled by moderate vasopressin doses. The effect of intraportal infusion of vasopressin on mucosal flow was similar to that of intravenous infusion. Prolonged intravenous infusion of moderate vasopressin doses maintained mucosal flow reduction over extended periods. The implications of the findings are discussed with particular reference to clinical use of vasopressin as a means of controlling bleeding from gastric mucosal lesions in patients. PMID- 6984219 TI - Esophageal function after sclerotherapy of bleeding varices. AB - To study the effect of sclerotherapy of varices on esophageal function, the motility of the tubular esophagus and of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) were recorded in 19 patients after 7 to 13 sclerotherapy sessions and in 15 healthy volunteers. In addition, esophageal functional scintigraphy (EFS) was performed in the patient group. Compared with the volunteers the patients had lower contraction amplitudes in the distal esophagus (30.5 +/- 17.5 mm Hg versus 43.6 +/- 9.1 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and a higher percentage of non-propulsive simultaneous contractions (NPC) in the distal (33.4 +/- 23.2% versus 9.0 +/- 8.6%, p less than 0.005) and mid-esophagus (15.0 +/- 8.2% versus 8.3 +/- 8.1%, p less than 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the percentage of NPC in the distal and mid-esophagus and radionuclide transit (rs - 0.53, p less than 0.02). Three of 19 patients had a positive reflux index by EFS. The LES tone was only slightly lower in the patients than in the controls (10.7 +/- 3.2 mm Hg versus 13.4 +/- 3.6 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). Our findings indicate that sclerotherapy of esophageal varices may lead to a reduced peristaltic esophageal motility with an impaired transport function. This could contribute to the development of dysphagia or esophagitis. PMID- 6984221 TI - Natural killing and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity by T leukaemic blasts from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Bone marrow T leukaemic blasts from four patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were examined as effectors in natural killing (NK) and antibody dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). T leukaemic blasts demonstrated both Nk (against K 562 cells as targets) and ADCC (against chicken erythrocytes (CRBC) and cells of SB cell line as targets). NK activity and ADCC (against SB cells) were comparable to NK and ADCC (against SB cells) of peripheral blood T cells from healthy controls. ADCC against CRBC by leukaemic blasts was lower than that of peripheral T cells from normal controls. Of leukaemic blasts 20-42% possessed IgG Fc receptors. This study demonstrates that T leukaemic blasts are effectors in NK and ADCC assays. PMID- 6984223 TI - Myocardial protection during aortocoronary bypass operations. Comparison of two different operative procedures: cold chemical cardioplegia versus intermittent cross-clamping of the aorta. AB - Myocardial injury was studied in 40 randomized coronary patients operated on electively with coronary bypass grafting using two different techniques, (A) cardioplegic arrest and continuous cross-clamping of aorta, and (B) ischaemic arrest and intermittent cross-clamping of aorta. The released quantity of the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase was used as an indicator of myocardial injury. Of the whole group, 3 patients (8%) suffered a myocardial infarction as judged by ECG. The CK-MB release was not significantly different in the two groups. The total period of aortic cross-clamping was markedly longer in the cardioplegic group than in the intermittent clamping group. A significant correlation between the duration of aortic clamping and the amount of CK-MB release was found in the cardioplegic group. Our results indicate that the beneficial effects of cardioplegic arrest are outweighed by an unavoidable longer period of total aortic clamping as compared with the intermittent clamping technique. PMID- 6984224 TI - Ophthamologic effects of man-made mineral fibers. AB - The effect of man-made mineral fibers on the human eye was investigated in a cross-sectional study of 15 workers exposed to Rockwool and a matched reference group of 15 people. Eye symptoms, changes in the cellular and mucous content of the conjunctival fluid, break-up time of the precorneal film, the number of microepithelial defects, and the number of dead and degenerated cells on the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva were used as measures of effect. The number of fibers accumulated in the eye and conventional dust sampling methods were used as measures of dose. A significantly higher frequency of eye symptoms related to work conditions (p less than 0.001) was found among exposed workers. Similarly, the number of microepithelial defects on the medial bulbar conjunctiva increased significantly (p = 0.009) after 4 d of exposure. Six exposed workers had a pathological increase in the neutrophil count of the conjunctival fluid after 4 d of exposure, and an increase was seen in only one worker after a weekend free from exposure. Significant correlation was found between microepithelial defects on the medial bulbar conjunctiva and measures of dose (p less than 0.01). The symptoms and cellular changes can be explained by the assumption that man-made mineral fibers have the same mechanical and reversible effect on the eye as on the skin. The described dose-effect relationship suggests that a much lower hygienic standard is needed for man-made mineral fibers than what has been recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. PMID- 6984225 TI - [Improved angina-free work tolerance up to 6 years following bypass operation according to degree of revascularization]. AB - Bypass surgery improves exercise performance in a high percentage of patients with effort angina. The influence of the degree of revascularization on the extent and duration of improvement of exercise parameters was evaluated in 415 patients with angiographically determined degrees of revascularization (REV) by serial exercise testing 1-6 years after bypass surgery. Patients with three different degrees of REV are compared. REV I: All vessels up to 50% stenosed have a patent graft. REV II: The main vessel supplying the left ventricle (LV) has a patent graft. REV III: The main vessel supplying the LV has not a patent graft but at least one additional graft is patent. Angina-free exercise tolerance in watts, the maximum double product (HR X BP), and the percentage of patients with angina pectoris and ST-segment depression during exercise were recorded. In patients with REV I and II the angina-free exercise tolerance was improved up to 6 years after bypass surgery but in patients with REV III only 2 years afterwards. Patients with REV I, REV II, and REV III showed improvement of all three parameters for 6 years, 4 years and 1 year respectively. The completeness of revascularization is an important determinant in the longterm improvement of postoperative exercise parameters up to 6 years after surgery. PMID- 6984226 TI - [Role of the nurse in the diagnosis and treatment of upper digestive hemorrhages]. PMID- 6984222 TI - Abuse of alcohol and disability pension. The effect of the liberalization in Sweden in 1977. AB - Social reforms are often introduced solely on the basis of theoretical considerations without any empirical research. Thus, it is often an urgent matter to evaluate the real effects of a reform. In this investigation, the increased possibilities for abusers to obtain disability pensions that came into force in Sweden 1977-01-01 have been examined. A representative sample of 15 percent of all applications in the county of Ostergotland in 1975 has been compared with a corresponding one in 1978. As expected, the number of abusers of alcohol among the applicants increased. The proportion of male abusers rose from 13.5 in 1975 to 22 percent in 1978. Despite a levelling off of differences in the civil status in 1978, the abusers were still in a substantially weaker social position than the other applicants. In contrast to the other applicants, no traces of increased efforts towards vocational rehabilitation can be noted among the abusers in 1978. This is quite remarkable since, according to the preceding official report, liberalization was not meant to replace meaningful efforts of rehabilitation. In 1978, the whole group of applicants were younger and they lived more frequently in large, densely populated areas. Furthermore, the number of women increased so that they were in a majority among the applicants in 1978. These changes probably reflect structural changes in society, especially in the labour market. This is the final report of an independent study in the research project "Abuse of alcohol - Disability pension - Quality of life". PMID- 6984228 TI - [New concepts of von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6984227 TI - [Upper digestive hemorrhages. Current diagnosis and treatment in the hospital environment in Africa]. PMID- 6984229 TI - [Pseudorheumatic syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6984230 TI - Distinct T lymphocyte subsets affect granulo-monocytic differentiation and proliferation. AB - Bone marrow culture techniques using semi-solid support-media provide an opportunity to observe granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells proliferating and differentiating in vitro. Cells from the bone marrow and peripheral blood produce specific growth factors which stimulate both the proliferation and differentiation processes (collectively termed colony-stimulating factors or activity, CSF/CSA). Even highly purified CSA induces proliferation and concomitant differentiation suggesting that the two processes are inseparable. We here present evidence to suggest that the two processes are, at least in part, individually regulated. We observed delayed differentiation by morphological, cytochemical and functional criteria in granulocyte-macrophage clones formed in cultures in which the growth stimulus was supplied by marrow or blood cells which have been depleted of T lymphocytes bearing the OKT3/MBG6 antigen(s) by complement lysis. The proliferation stimulus was unaffected. T cell depletion using another monoclonal antibody, OKT11a (which removed an overlapping but not identical population of T cells), did not produce the same effect but did increase the level of CSA produced by the remaining marrow cells. Selective replacement experiments using OKT4+ or OKT8+ cell preparations suggested that removal of an MBG6+, OKT3+, OKT8+, OKT4-lymphocyte subset is responsible for the effect on differentiation. PMID- 6984231 TI - [Acquired Von Willebrand's disease. A case report]. PMID- 6984234 TI - [Current problems of diagnosing and treating chronic diseases]. PMID- 6984232 TI - [T gamma-lymphocytes proliferation and neutropenia. A morphological, cytochemical, enzymatic, and ultrastructural study]. PMID- 6984235 TI - [Interrelationships of cellular and humoral immunity indices in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6984233 TI - Ectopia lentis. AB - Ectopia lentis was first described more than 200 years ago, but its value as a significant diagnostic clue to the presence of other ocular and systemic disorders has only recently been appreciated. Ectopia lentis may cause a marked reduction in visual acuity, which varies with the type and degree of dislocation and the presence of other ocular abnormalities. An approach to the diagnostic evaluation of the patient with ectopia lentis is outlined. The differential diagnosis is reviewed in detail both clinically and histologically. The complications of ectopia lentis and the appropriate management of affected patients are discussed. PMID- 6984236 TI - [Clinical assessment of the immunoglobulin level in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6984238 TI - [Radiographic diagnosis of tumors in the cerebellopontine angle]. PMID- 6984237 TI - Effect of corticosteroids on sputum sol-phase protease inhibitors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Corticosteroids caused a reduction in the ratio of sol-phase sputum concentration to serum concentration of albumin in 12 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, suggesting a reduction in protein transudation. Alpha-1-antitrypsin values followed the same pattern as those of albumin in both the control and treatment periods, confirming the similar behaviour of the two proteins. The alpha 1-antichymotrypsin ratios were on average three times higher than those of albumin in the control period, confirming the presence of local mechanisms in the lung for preferentially concentrating this protein. The sputum-to-serum ratio of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, however, rose during steroid treatment with the result that there was a selective increase in this protease inhibitor, which may be of potential benefit to such patients. PMID- 6984239 TI - [Unusual reason for death in a patient with known malignancy]. PMID- 6984240 TI - [Esophageal varices]. PMID- 6984241 TI - [Rheumatoid diseases in man and animal (2)]. PMID- 6984242 TI - Blastogenic factor production by guinea pig B lymphocytes stimulated with thymus dependent antigen. AB - The purpose of the present paper is to determine whether antigen-stimulated B lymphocytes could produce blastogenic factor (BF) in the system of guinea pigs (strain 2) sensitized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or ovalbumin (OVA), known as thymus-dependent antigen, and, further, whether macrophages (M phi) are required for antigen activation of B cells to produce this lymphokine. Additionally, the effect of BF on normal T and B cells was evaluated. B lymphocytes were purified by double nylon wool adherence, plastic dish adherence. Sephadex G-10 column passage and sedimentation of E rosette forming cells on Ficoll-Isopaque. KLH- or OVA-primed B lymphocytes as well as T lymphocytes could produce BF when stimulated with specific antigen in vitro, and M phi were required for antigen activation of both T and B cells to produce BF. The optimal BF production was observed at a T or B cells: M phi ratio of 1:0.1 (in the system of KLH sensitization) or 1:0.5 (in OVA sensitization). BF production by B cells appeared to be less than that by T cells. BF produced by B cells was able to stimulate both normal T and B cells to proliferate; the proliferative responses of normal B cells to both B-cell-derived BF and T-cell-derived BF were significantly greater than those of normal T cells to these BFs. Readdition of M phi was not required for the T or B cell response to BF. PMID- 6984243 TI - [Factors affecting the dental status of children with rheumatism]. PMID- 6984244 TI - [Combined prevention and treatment of lesions of the oral cavity in children with acute leukemia]. PMID- 6984245 TI - Demonstration of steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity in human fetal kidney, thymus, and spleen. AB - In previous investigations, steroid 21-hydroxylase activity was demonstrated in human fetal kidney, thymus, and spleen tissues. In the present investigation, steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity also was found in microsome-enriched preparations of human fetal kidney, thymus, and spleen tissues. PMID- 6984246 TI - [Comparative analysis of the seasonal changes in hematopoietic processes in the spleen and peripheral blood of the common frog. I. The erythroid series]. AB - To determine the rate of erythrocyte maturation, changes in the number of different erythroblast types in the frog peripheral blood were studied. In the blood flow, erythroblasts were found to develop in summer as an independent, partly synchronized cell population. The most advanced erythroid cells capable of DNA synthesis (the acidophilic erythroblasts) were estimated using thymidine autoradiography. These cells entered the mitosis 1-2 days after DNA synthesis. The time of erythrocyte maturation, following the last S-phase, was 9-12 days. The functioning of the peripheral blood as a locus of erythropoiesis is suggested to be an adaptation associated with the seasonal periodicity of haemopoiesis. PMID- 6984248 TI - [Morpho-functional changes in the frog neurons in ischemia]. AB - After the full spinal cord ishemia in the frog, motoneuron lose their ability to generate spike potentials to a testing stimulation in 30 minutes. The size and structure of these neurons do not differ from those in the control ones. The ten minute high frequency stimulation of motoneurons affected by ishemia results in deep pathologic structural changes. The neuron dimensions decrease, and numerous picnomorphical, dark and vaculized neurons appear. The full ishemia leads to pathologic changes in the neuron structure. However, the number of picnomorphical and dark neurons is considerably less than that after the high frequency activation. Following the 90 minute ishemia, no postsynaptic or spike potentials occur in motoneurons as a response to their stimulation. PMID- 6984250 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6984247 TI - [Esterase polymorphism and heat resistance of the interphalangeal muscle of the common frog]. AB - A study has been made of the electrophoretic esterase spectrum of m. interphalangealis of the grass frog and the heat resistance of this muscle. Vertical electrophoresiss in polyacrilamid gel revealed the enzyme polymorphism in the zone of high electrophoretic mobility. In zone Est.-2, two esterase isoenzymes were detected which was assumed to be the site of genetic control of one locus with two codominant alleles. It is shown that under the standard environmental conditions, there exists a relation between the presence of esterase isoenzymes in m. interphalangealis and the heat resistance of this muscle: the isoenzyme of the slow esterase is present in highly resistant muscles, both isoenzymes are present in muscle with the average resistance level, and the isoenzyme of quick esterase occurs in muscles with different levels of resistance. PMID- 6984249 TI - [Value of various therapeutic procedures in penile induration]. AB - Etiology, pathogenesis and optimal therapy of Peyronie's disease are, 240 years after its first description, still unclear. Diagnosis includes palpation, measurement and exact drawing of the mostly dorsally and laterally located penile induration, photography of erectile deviation, cavernosography and ultrasound as follow-up controls. Pathogenesis of fibrotic stimulation is related to direct local causes such as vascular lesions, microtrauma and hemorrhage and to indirect induction of plasma exudation via autoimmune mechanisms by toxins, infections and vasoactive substances. Symptomatology in 116 of our own patients included the obligatory penile scar, erectile deviation in 75%, pain during erection in 33% and difficult or impossible intercourse in 40%. Radiotherapy in 113 patients led to healing or marked improvement in 44% of cases. In 41% the disease came to a standstill and in 15% of cases symptoms became worse. An analysis of the world literature shows surprisingly a 75% improvement by vitamin E therapy and almost a 60% amelioration by p-aminobenzoic acid and corticoid injections. Favorable results of radiotherapy vary in the literature between 50 and 70%. Reports on these successful treatments include unclear and optimistic criteria in small series and the possible spontaneous standstill or regression of the disease. Indications of operation are erectile pain, impossible invagination and a high degree of penile deviation. Surgical techniques are: (1) Excision of smaller fibrotic segments followed by longitudinal suture of the corpora cavernosa; (2) symmetric and cylindrical resection of both cavernous bodies followed by a watertight reanastomosis after mobilization of the corpus spongiosum; (3) after excision of larger plaques the defect may be covered by autologous material (danger: scar formation, aneurysmatic protrusion, impotence), and (4) hydraulic or semirigid penile prostheses are an ultima ratio. Since there was a 85% improvement or standstill of the disease and little side reactions in 113 of our patients following radiotherapy we recommend it particularly in the early inflammatory phase. An operation might be indicated for patients who do not benefit from this treatment and who show above-mentioned symptoms. PMID- 6984252 TI - [Gastroduodenoscopy in emergency diagnosis of peptic ulcer hemorrhage]. PMID- 6984251 TI - [Electrocoagulation in the arrest of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. AB - The curative endoscopy with diathermocoagulation was performed in 100 patients with acute gastro-intestinal bleedings. Peptic ulcers were the cause of the bleedings in most patients (64). The complete arrest of hemorrhage was achieved in 75 patients. Recurrent bleedings at different terms were noted in 25 patients. Patients with critical degree of blood loss (in repeated bleedings) must be subjected to urgent operations without loosing time for a repeated attempt to stop the bleeding. Urgent operations were made on 19 patients. PMID- 6984253 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of primary pulmonary tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6984255 TI - [Differentiation of leukemic cells on the basis of their reaction with anti-T and anti-B serum]. PMID- 6984256 TI - [Sinusoidal modulated currents in the complex treatment of diabetes mellitus patients with microangio-and neuro-osteopathy]. PMID- 6984254 TI - [Tolerance and acute and subchronic toxicity of flavophospholipol from the Pharmaceutical Chemical Research Institute]. AB - The single oral application of Flavophospholipol--NIHFI (0.8 per cent premix) at rates with regard to the active ingredient per kg of live weight of 5, 10, and 15 g to albino mice and rats, and 15, 20, and 30 g to week-old broiler birds did not produce toxicity. Besides, it was well tolerated in tests with broiler birds in amounts 50 times as high as the stimulant dose (4 g/t feed). The oral administration with the feed at the rate of 80 g/t to newly hatched broiler chicks in the course of sixty days did not either produce toxic effects or changes whatever in the physiological and biochemical indices studied and in the microstructure of the viscera. It was found to stimulate growth and increase the erythrocyte count. Under the conditions of testing the subchronic toxicity of flavophospholipol amounts of 400 and 2000 g/t feed led to the lowering of the consumption rate and the body weight as well as to the increase in the blood sugar. At 2000 g/t it lowered the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, and partially increased the activity of SGPT. PMID- 6984257 TI - [Study of the circulating immune complexes detected in the polyethylene glycol test in patients with various rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6984258 TI - [Therapy of painful soft tissue rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6984259 TI - [Determination of Trichomonas vaginalis sensitivity to nitroimidazole group preparations using solid nutrient media]. PMID- 6984262 TI - An ocular survey of community school children in Madang Province. AB - An ocular survey was done on 6,153 children in 30 community schools in the Madang Province of Papua New Guinea over a two year period. Trachoma was diagnosed in 19.6% of subjects but was mild and asymptomatic in most. 9.6% of trachoma patients had moderate to severe disease, but only 5.3% required treatment. A significant refractive error was noted in 1.4% of subjects, and colour perception deficiency was found in 4.7% of boys and 0.5% of girls. 1.2% of subjects had other ocular abnormalities most of which were minor. Training paramedical workers and students in screening methods for ocular disease is one of the most important aspects of ocular surveys as many will be posted to remote areas of provinces which cannot be visited by an ophthalmologist or ocular survey teams. PMID- 6984260 TI - [Psoriasis treatment by hemosorption using a synthetic charcoal hemosorbent]. PMID- 6984264 TI - Strongyloides fulleborni--like infections in Anga children. PMID- 6984263 TI - Prevalence of concomitant sexually transmitted infections in Goroka. AB - During 18 months all 339 patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Goroka, Papua New Guinea had serological tests for syphilis carried out. The clinical diagnosis of syphilis made in 60 patients by the paramedical staff of the clinic was confirmed by both VDRL and TPHA tests in 52%. Concomitant syphilis was diagnosed on serological grounds in 16% with ulcerative lesions, 4% with a urethral discharge and 6% of subjects with other conditions. A total of 7% of patients subsequently diagnosed serologically to have syphilis, left the clinic untreated, and because of logistical reasons, few could later be traced. PMID- 6984265 TI - [Threatened intra- and post-operative bleeding. Scalpel or electrome?]. PMID- 6984261 TI - Epidemiology of gynaecological and female breast neoplasms in Papua New Guinea. AB - The incidences of gynaecological and female breast neoplasms in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and in various other developing and developed countries for the period 1958 - 1980 are analysed and compared. In PNG gynaecological and breast carcinomas constituted 24.5 and 9% respectively of all neoplasms registered in females. The commonest gynaecological neoplasms registered were cervical carcinoma (62%) followed by carcinoma of the ovary (20.3%), carcinoma of corpus uteri (6.5%), carcinoma of the vulva (5%), choriocarcinoma (4.7%) and carcinoma of the vagina (1.2%). The mean annual incidence rates for carcinoma of the cervix was 3/100,000, for carcinoma of the ovary 1/100,000 and for carcinoma of the corpus uteri 0.32/100,000 females respectively; for carcinoma of the breast it was 1.26/100,000. The mean age of patients with these neoplasms was less than in developed countries and in most developing countries. Possible reasons for the low incidence rates are presented. PMID- 6984266 TI - [Effect of homosensitization on the immune response to ADPT vaccine]. AB - The influence of homosensitization with syngeneic tissue antigens on immune response to adsorbed DPT vaccine and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was studied in experiments in CBA mice and noninbred white mice. These experiments revealed that preliminary homosensitization suppressed the production of antibodies to the components of adsorbed DPT vaccine, while after immunization with SRBC the immunosuppressing effect of homosensitization was absent. PMID- 6984268 TI - [Persistence of pneumococci in mice]. AB - The sensitivity of different mouse strains to Str. pneumoniae, serotype 6, under the conditions of intraperitoneal and intranasal infection has been studied. The time course of distribution of pneumococci in the organs has been shown and differences depending on the methods of infection have been revealed. The pathomorphological and immunomorphological changes in the organs and tissues after the introduction of the infective agent by different methods have been established. PMID- 6984267 TI - [Haemophilic bacteria of the nasopharynx of healthy persons]. AB - The study of the species composition of hemophilic bacteria inhabiting the nasopharynx of healthy persons has revealed that H. parainfluenzae is the predominant species (82.0 +/- 4.8%) among these bacteria. The isolation of H. influenzae and H. parahaemolyticus has been found to occur considerably more rarely and in lesser numbers (9.0 +/- 1.5% and 3.8 +/- 1.0%, respectively). These data indicate that H. parainfluenzae should be regarded as the ecological dominant in the nasopharyngeal biocenosis, while H. influenzae and H. parahaemolyticus appear to be transitory microorganisms. Among the studied biochemical properties of hemophilic bacteria, the following properties have proved to be most stable: the reduction of nitrates, the splitting of glucose, sucrose, maltose, galactose, fructose and negative reactions as regards the formation of hydrogen sulfide, oxidase, the splitting of mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, xylose, arabinose. PMID- 6984269 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome. A report of two cases complicated by portal venous thrombosis and variceal haemorrhage. PMID- 6984270 TI - Long-term treatment of osteoporosis with 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. AB - Five patients with involutional osteoporosis were treated with 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-(OH)2D3) for 6 months, in doses sufficient to double plasma levels at that time. Dietary calcium absorption transiently improved by nearly 2 mmol Ca per day at 2 weeks, but this effect was lost by 6 months. The calcium and phosphate balances followed the trends in calcium absorption. Only twenty-five dihydroxyvitamin D levels changed little. Histomorphometric and kinetic indices of new bone formation and bone blood flow remained stable but there was an increase in urine hydroxyproline at 6 months, which was of borderline statistical significance. Treatment at this dosage of 24,25(OH)2D3, which increased plasma levels within the physiological range, conferred no measurable long-term benefit on our patients. Larger doses, or combination therapy, may warrant further clinical evaluation in osteoporosis. PMID- 6984271 TI - Influence of serum factors on T-lymphocytes in alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6984273 TI - [Round Table: Upper digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6984272 TI - [Colonoscopy and "hot" biopsy. Its value in vascular ectasias of the colon]. AB - According to Gerald Rogers et. al., we believe about the usefulness of colonoscopy and endoscopic biopsy using Williams' forcep (hot biopsy forcep) for the diagnosis and final treatment of colon vascular ectasias. This method should be used immediately after the hemorrhage has finished. Angiography is prescribed when: 1) endoscopy suggests or confirm the presence of vascular ectasias in order to establish the degree of lesions and the therapeutic management. 2) When the caecum cannot be reached by the colonoscope. 3) When endoscopy is negative and there is firm clinic assumption of ectasias but the colonoscopic study has been done to much later after the bleeding stopped. Selective angiography would be the first prescription in case of bleeding which doesn't stop quickly with the necessity of immediate therapeutic measures taking into account the difficulties of intrahemorrhagic colonoscopy. Five cases are presented to support this point of view concerning the diagnosis of vascular ectasias of the right colon and considerations are made about local treatment by mean of colonoscopy and hot biopsy forcep which, when it's possible, has less morbidity and mortality than surgery, specially in attention than this is an entity concerning elderly patients. PMID- 6984274 TI - [Complications of replacement therapy in hemophiliacs]. PMID- 6984275 TI - Association of ophthalmoplegic migraine with familial acute anterior uveitis. AB - In a family with 3 cases of acute anterior uveitis (AAU) the proband had 13 episodes of recurrent AAU associated 4 times with severe, throbbing ipsilateral headache. During one such episode he had an oculomotor palsy, hyperaesthesia of the cornea, and lack of spontaneous pulsations of the central retinal vein in the eye with AAU. An oculomotor palsy occurred twice intermittently between the AAU episodes. Carotid and vertebral angiographies confirmed the diagnosis of ophthalmoplegic migraine. Prostaglandins liberated by trauma, AAU, or other inflammation may be involved as mediators in ophthalmoplegic migraine attacks. All 3 patients with AAU had sacroiliitis and seronegative polyarthritis. One of their siblings had polyarthritis and one incomplete Reiter's disease. All of them were HLA-B27 positive whereas one healthy sibling was HLA-B27 negative. These findings support the hypothesis that HLA-B27 itself or a pleiotropic HLA-B27 linked gene predisposes the carrier to AAU, sacroiliitis, ankylosing spondylitis, and Reiter's disease. PMID- 6984277 TI - Diagnosis of Kallmann's syndrome in early infancy. PMID- 6984278 TI - Natural history of children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and neonatal cholestasis. AB - Ten children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, phenotype PiZ, and neonatal cholestasis were followed to the ages of 4-20 years. Standard liver function tests, urinary bile acid excretion and liver morphology were investigated within one week and the results were compared. Three patients had morphological signs of liver cirrhosis and one of these had clinical signs as well. Compared to healthy children of the same age urinary bile acid excretion was increased only in those with morphologically confirmed liver cirrhosis. Although most of the other patients had some minor histological changes in the liver biopsies, the normal urinary bile acid excretion was in accordance with their excellent general clinical state and is interpreted as a short-term favourable prognostic sign. PMID- 6984279 TI - [The tooth that moves: various pitfalls to avoid]. PMID- 6984276 TI - Liver disease in children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency without neonatal cholestasis. AB - Thirteen children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (8 PiZ and 5 PiSZ) were investigated at ages ranging from 4 to 6. None had had neonatal cholestasis. Nine, mainly the PiZ individuals, had increased serum concentration of transaminases. Liver biopsy was performed in 7 patients with increased serum levels of transaminases. One of these patients had cirrhosis and 4 had moderate to severe fibrosis. The results indicate that alpha 1-antitrypsin deficient individuals, also without neonatal cholestasis syndrome run a high risk of developing serious liver disease, already in childhood. The cirrhotic patient was the only one who had increased excretion of bile acids in urine. PMID- 6984280 TI - Growth regulation by macrophages. AB - The evidence reviewed here indicates that macrophages, either acting alone or in concert with other cells, influence the proliferation of multiple types of cells. Most of the data indicate that these effects are mediated by soluble macrophage elaborated products (probably proteins) although the role of direct cell-to-cell contacts cannot be ruled out in all cases. A degree of success has been achieved on the biochemical characterization of these factors, but such work has been hampered by the factors low specific activity in conditioned medium and the lack of rapid, specific assays. It is our belief that understanding the growth regulating potential of macrophages is an important and needed area of research. PMID- 6984282 TI - Characterization of the leucocytic infiltrate of rheumatoid synovium from tissue sections and synovial eluates. PMID- 6984281 TI - Regulation of bone-marrow macrophage proliferation. PMID- 6984283 TI - Mechanisms controlling differentiation and function of antigen-presenting macrophages. AB - We have briefly reviewed our studies on the mechanisms controlling the differentiation and activation of peritoneal antigen-presenting cells. We demonstrated that the peritoneal population is composed of two main subsets of cells, only one of which participates actively in primary antigen presentation. The latter is missing in athymic mice and seems to differentiate under the influence of the shortlived, cortisone-resistant subpopulation of thymocytes. The maturation of the peritoneal macrophages is subjected also to an additional inducing effect, that of the spleen. Macrophages from splenectomized donors are impaired both with respect to antigen presentation to naive and to primed lymphocytes, and with respect to phagocytosis of "opsonized" bacteria. The mature antigen-presenting cell is subjected to activating signals deriving from the Fc bound Ig molecule. This is mediated via a tetrapeptide, tuftsin, which is cleaved off the CH2 portion of the Ig and activates the immunogenic effect of the antigen pulsed macrophage. PMID- 6984284 TI - Antigen presentation in vitro by a murine macrophage cell line. PMID- 6984285 TI - Macrophages and cancer metastasis. AB - Activated macrophages appear to be able to recognize and destroy neoplastic cells without regard to their phenotypic diversity, and macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity appears invulnerable to the problem of cellular resistance to killing which is routinely encountered in efforts to destroy tumor cells by cytotoxic drugs. However, macrophage-mediated destruction of large tumor burdens may not be feasible. In many tumors the number of macrophages is too low to destroy all tumor cells, even if the macrophages are activated to the optimal tumoricidal state. For this reason, systemically administered immunomodulators encapsulated in liposomes should be used to activate macrophages to destroy those few tumor cells resistant to other means of therapy. PMID- 6984286 TI - Naturally occurring cytotoxic cells. PMID- 6984287 TI - Overview and perspectives: natural resistance mechanisms. PMID- 6984288 TI - Person-environment congruence as a predictor of adolescent health and behavioral problems. AB - Most research on health and behavioral outcomes of stressors has focused on adults. One stressor identified in this literature is lack of "fit," or congruence, between individual needs and environmental opportunities. This study examines relations between person-environment congruence in three settings (home, school, and peer group) and several indices of health and behavioral disorder among adolescents. We also examine whether person-environment congruence contributes to the prediction of health and behavioral disorder once the effects of stressful life events have been taken into account. Using self-report data from 531 high school students, we find (a) person-environment congruence has relatively little impact on youngsters' health and well-being; and (b) although the contribution of congruence is small it is independent of the contribution of life events. Problems in the measurement of congruence are noted. PMID- 6984289 TI - Gastrointestinal blood loss in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - In the management of patients with chronic failure one of the persistent medical problems is that of anemia. Since iron deficiency can be an important component of this anemia, this study was designed to evaluate the possible contribution of gastrointestinal blood loss to their anemia. Blood loss was quantitated by 51 chromium labeling red cells in normals and in patients with chronic renal failure both before and during chronic hemodialysis. Four normal volunteers had a gastrointestinal blood loss of 0.83 ml/day, six azotemic patients not yet on hemodialysis had significantly greater gastrointestinal blood loss of 3.15 ml/day (p less than 0.05). Ten patients on chronic regular hemodialysis had a daily gastrointestinal blood loss of 6.27 ml/day which was significantly greater than both the normals (p less than 0.01) and the predialysis azotemic patients (p less than 0.05). Complete gastrointestinal tract evaluation in the chronic dialysis patients revealed several upper gastrointestinal tract mucosal abnormalities although discrete bleeding sites were not identified. In conclusion, azotemic patients both before and after chronic hemodialysis have increased gastrointestinal blood loss. This increased blood loss contributes to the increased iron loss in this patient population. PMID- 6984290 TI - Chromatic and luminosity processing in retinal disease. AB - Color vision loss can be an early sign of eye disease; in many retinal disorders the loss precedes any change in visual acuity. Noninvasive psychophysical methods allow factoring out of preretinal, receptoral, and postreceptoral (neural) components of the color vision change. A loss of chromatic but not achromatic sensitivity occurs for diabetics; the loss is selective for pathways subserving blue-sensitive photoreceptors. Both chromatic and achromatic pathways are altered in glaucoma and senile macular degeneration; the most marked change in central serous choroidopathy is loss of sensitivity somewhere in the blue-sensitive cone pathway. There is evidence that the pathways subserved by blue-sensitive cones have anatomically and physiologically different properties from those served by other receptor types, and they appear particularly vulnerable to disturbances of retinal integrity. PMID- 6984291 TI - Enamel demineralization following orthodontic treatment. AB - A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and severity of enamel opacities in patients before and after orthodontic treatment. The sample consisted of 527 patients examined prior to and 269 patients examined after completion of multibanded orthodontic treatment. The results showed that there was a significant increase in both the prevalence (before, 72.3 per cent; after, 84.0 per cent) and severity (Opacity Index: before, 0.125; after, 0.200) following completion of orthodontic treatment. Male patients experienced a significantly higher increase in the severity of enamel opacities following orthodontic treatment. There was no significant sex differential in the prevalence of enamel opacities either before or after orthodontic treatment. This study showed that orthodontic treatment with multibanded appliances contributed to the development of new areas of enamel demineralization and to an increase in the severity of enamel opacities as measured by the Opacity Index. PMID- 6984292 TI - The relation between nasorespiratory function and dentofacial morphology: a review. AB - It is commonly assumed that nasorespiratory function can exert a dramatic effect upon the development of the dentofacial complex. Specifically, it has been stated that chronic nasal obstruction leads to mouth breathing, which causes altered tongue and mandibular positions. If this occurs during a period of active growth, the outcome is development of the "adenoid facies" (dentofacial morphology). Such patients characteristically manifest a vertically long lower third facial height, narrow alar bases, lip incompetence, a long and narrow maxillary arch, and a greater than normal mandibular plane angle. These dentofacial traits have repeatedly been attributed to restricted nasorespiratory function. It is generally believed that environmental factors can exert subtle or dramatic effects upon dentofacial morphology, depending upon their magnitude, duration, and time of occurrence. The purpose of this article is to present a critical review of the literature concerning the effect of one such environmental factor, nasal airway function, upon dentofacial morphogenesis. This review will critically examine the most frequently cited papers reporting a relationship between nasorespiratory function and dentofacial morphology. In summary, this critical review fails to support a consistent relationship between obstructed nasorespiratory function and the adenoid facies or long-face syndrome. Additional objective evaluations of this relation are encouraged. PMID- 6984293 TI - Leydig cells nonspecifically suppress lymphoproliferation in vitro: implications for the testis as an immunologically privileged site. AB - We have studied the influence of mouse testis cells on unstimulated lymphoproliferation; on allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction; and on concanavalin A-stimulated, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated, or lipopolysaccaride-stimulated responses in vitro. Co-culture with highly enriched irradiated (2000 R) Leydig cells (LC) led in each case to a considerable reduction of 3H TdR uptake. Prolonged tissue graft survival times suggest that the testis is an immunologically privileged site. This may be explained by an immune-suppressive function of LC in vivo. LC are also capable of selectively binding lymphoid and myeloid cells to their surface. This capacity, accompanied by a suppression of immune reactivity in situ, may play a role in cases of testicular relapse observed in acute leukemia. PMID- 6984295 TI - Molecular mechanisms in system activity of taste receptors. PMID- 6984294 TI - Circulating C3, C4, and C3 split products (C3c and C3d) during normal pregnancy. AB - The plasma concentrations of the complement components C3 and C4, as well as the split products C3c and C3d, were measured before, during, and after normal pregnancy. Significantly increased values were observed in the C3 and C3d levels in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The level of C4 was not significantly affected by pregnancy and C3c could not be detected using electroimmunoassays. These results suggest that the increased C3 split-product levels observed reflected an increased turnover of native C3 rather than activation of the complement cascade. PMID- 6984296 TI - [Immune reactivity in anesthesiologists]. PMID- 6984297 TI - [Determination of biotypes of the genus Haemophilus and study of the sensitivity to ampicillin in hospital practice. Study of 500 strains]. AB - The authors use a biologic micromethod to identify five hundred species and biotypes of Haemophilus strains isolated from clinical specimens. The relation between biotypes and infection is studied. A rapid and highly accurate test to search for beta-lactamase production is done to determined the actual ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus for different biotypes. 6.9 p. cent of Haemophilus influenzae and 17.5 p. cent of Haemophilus para-influenzae were found resistant to ampicillin. PMID- 6984298 TI - [Auditory and vestibular lesions in Behcet's disease]. AB - Auditory and vestibular function tests were conducted in 16 patients with Behcet's disease. Vestibular lesions included spontaneous nystagmus in 5 cases, and a bilateral vestibular syndrome after provoked tests in 13 cases (7 of the deficiency type and 6 irritative in nature). Findings after auditory tests were bilateral symmetric deafness in 2 cases; one of the perception type and the other showing mixed features. Various etiopathogenic theories are discussed. The possibility of a bilateral central lesion of the VIIIth nerve was also considered, 8 patients in the series having cerebral manifestations, particularly as the results of visual fixation tests in these cases were in favor of this hypothesis. PMID- 6984299 TI - [Fibroblastic rheumatism]. PMID- 6984301 TI - [Neonatal lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6984300 TI - [New forms of Kaposi's disease occurring in the young subject]. PMID- 6984302 TI - [Lupus syndrome with complete C1q deficiency]. PMID- 6984303 TI - [Neonatal lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6984304 TI - [Demonstration of growth activity toward a granulomonocytic cell line (colony stimulating activity) in the blood of C57Bl mice after injection of anti-theta antilymphocyte serum]. PMID- 6984305 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic study of chloracetadol administered by the intravenous and rectal routes in rabbits]. PMID- 6984306 TI - [Long-term results of aortocoronary bypass in 3-vessel disease]. PMID- 6984308 TI - [Remote results of sequential and circular grafts]. PMID- 6984307 TI - [Value and results of multiple aortocoronary venous grafts (3 or more coronary anastomoses). Apropos of a series of 331 cases]. PMID- 6984309 TI - [Results of myocardial revascularization surgery. Apropos of a series of 56 patients operated on between 1971 and 1976]. PMID- 6984310 TI - [114 patients revascularized by 385 aortocoronary bypasses. Early appraisal of 13 months' activity]. PMID- 6984311 TI - [Coronary endarterectomy combined with aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6984312 TI - [Comparison of results in isolated bypass of the left anterior descending artery using the internal mammary artery or the internal saphenous vein. Apropos of 124 operations between 1970 and 1980]. PMID- 6984313 TI - [Structural histologic changes in aortocoronary venous grafts]. PMID- 6984314 TI - [Long-term results of the surgical management of Prinzmetal's angina. Apropos of 52 cases followed from 1 to 8 years]. PMID- 6984315 TI - [Electrophysiologic effects of bepridil on the human heart]. PMID- 6984316 TI - [Hormonal profile and HLA typing of adult subjects from 7 families with congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency]. AB - Most members of seven families in whom one subject was known to have congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency were haplotyped for HLA B antigen which was supposed to be linked to the defective gene. Heterozygous males (group 1, n = 9), and females (group 3, n = 8) were recognized. These had no clinical abnormalities. All heterozygotes, as well as eight normal males (group 2) and ten normal females (group 4) received in IM injection of Synacthen. Plasma samples obtained before (PRE) and three hours after (POST) the injection was assayed for cortisol, testosterone, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone. All steroids increased significantly after ACTH except for testosterone. The ratio cortisol/17-OHP (F/17-OHP) decreased in group 1. POST 17-OHP (ng/ml) (x +/- SEM) was higher and F/17-OHP lower in groups 1 and 3 respectively: (5.83 +/- 1.83, 60 +/- 20; 4.53 +/- 1.13, 81 +/- 34) than in groups 2 and 4: (1.95 +/- 0.72, 196 +/- 67; 1.94 +/- 0.65, 269 +/- 167). POST F levels were not different among groups. When the distributions were standardized, individual POST 17-OHP levels of heterozygotes were different from the mean POST 17-OHP of the respective normal group and vice versa. The two normal males from the affected families could also be separated from heterozygous but not from normal males. PMID- 6984317 TI - A monoclonal antibody recognizing a cell surface antigen coded for by a gene on human chromosome 17. PMID- 6984318 TI - Pathological findings underlying focal temporal lobe hypometabolism in partial epilepsy. AB - Histopathological studies were carried out on temporal lobe tissue from 25 patients with partial complex seizures who were studied by interictal positron computed tomography (PCT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and subsequently underwent anterior temporal lobe resection. Abnormalities were identified on x-ray computed tomographic scans in 7 patients, but none indicated the site of a pathologically confirmed structural lesion. Hypometabolic zones were observed on PCT scans of 22 patients and corresponded to focal pathological abnormalities in 19 (15 mesial temporal sclerosis, 2 small neoplasms, 1 angioma, 1 heterotopia). In 1 patient with a focally abnormal PCT scan and no pathological changes, the lesion may have been located posterior to the resection. In the remaining 2 patients, the hypometabolic zones later disappeared and may have represented a transient response induced by depth electrode implantation. Three patients with normal PCT scans had no pathological abnormalities in their resected tissue. The degree of relative hypometabolism measured by PCT correlated well with the severity of the pathological lesion, but the size of the hypometabolic zone was generally much larger than the area of pathological involvement. This discrepancy could not be considered an artifact of technique and must represent either structural abnormalities below the resolution of routine histopathological studies (e.g., loss of synapses) or functional inactivation of neuronal elements associated with the epileptogenic lesion. PMID- 6984319 TI - Penicillin tolerance in nutritionally variant streptococci. AB - Eleven strains of nutritionally variant streptococci were tested for their susceptibility to penicillin by a broth dilution method. All minimal inhibitory concentrations were low. It was found that plates containing only vitamin B6 (pyridoxal HCl) and cysteine did not reveal true minimal bactericidal concentrations. When penicillinase was added to the subculture medium and a staphylococcal streak was made across the plates, all 11 strains were found to have high minimal bactericidal concentrations and were shown to be tolerant to penicillin. PMID- 6984320 TI - Radioimmunoassay for metabolites of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin, a macrolide antibiotic. AB - A radioimmunoassay system has been developed for the measurement of two major metabolites of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin, Mb-6 and Mb-12. A radioimmunoassay for Mb-6 was performed by using anti-Mb-6 serum and a [125I]tyramined Mb-6 derivative as a radiolabeled antigen. The labeled antigen was prepared by the chloramine T method. The antiserum was obtained from a rabbit immunized with Mb-6 conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The obtained antiserum was cross-reactive with two other metabolites of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin, Mb-2 and Mb-12, in addition to Mb-6. This Mb-6 radioimmunoassay system could detect Mb-6 concentrations as low as 100 pg/ml of serum. The coefficients of variation were 4.5% (intra-assay) and 5.1% (inter-assay). A radioimmunoassay for Mb-12, using anti-midecamycin serum and a [125I]tyramined-Mb-12 derivative, has also been developed. The antiserum was cross-reactive only with Mb-12 among the 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin metabolites. This Mb-12 radioimmunoassay system could detect Mb-12 concentrations as low as 2 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-assay variances were 5.9 and 5.8%, respectively. PMID- 6984321 TI - [Ontogeny of B-lymphocytes and plasma cell differentiation]. PMID- 6984322 TI - [Thymic function and maturation of T-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6984324 TI - [Malignant neoplasms of the uterus in the capital city of East Germany, Berlin, in the period from 1975 to 1979]. AB - Some important data characterizing the situation in endometrial cancer control during the period from 1975 to 1979 in the capital of the German Democratic Republic, Berlin were analyzed. The analysis demonstrates a further increase of the standardized incidence rate to 23.2/100,000. The increase is strictly limited to the age-groups between 65 and 80. The mortality rate decreased to 7.3 100,000. Further progress in endometrial cancer control can be demonstrated by an increase of cases detected in stage I (68%) and a significant increase of the 5-Year Relative-Survival-Rate (1965 to 1968: 69%/1975-76: 77%). During the period analysed there was an marked increase of patients treated by radical surgery or radical surgery plus radiotherapy and a decline of patients treated by radiotherapy alone. Some conclusions are drawn concerning the further improvement of prevention, early detection and treatment of endometrial cancer. PMID- 6984323 TI - [Determination of target cells in the by N-nitroso-N-methylurea induced leukemogenesis in the mouse]. AB - Using the model of chemically induced leukemogenesis of mice by N-nitroso-N methyl urea (NMU) studies were done to find out the primary point of attack of the chosen carcinogen on cellular level. After application of 14C-NMU (XVII X AKR) F1 hybrid mice were killed at different times, and the 14C activity was determined in various organs by scintillation counting and autoradiography. Contrary to expectations, the bone marrow showed a significantly higher activity than the thymus, which is supposed to be the target organ for lymphatic leukemogenesis. The specificity of the enrichment of 14C activity in bone marrow could be assured by comparative proliferation studies. The autoradiographic results favor the lymphatic cells of bone marrow as target for NMU. The target cell problem is discussed in respect to thymectomy and recent results on nude mice. With high probability the thymus is not essential for lymphatic leukemogenesis and, consequently, is not the target organ. PMID- 6984325 TI - Psychopatho-ophthalmology, gnostic disorders, and psychosis in cardiac surgery. Visual disturbances after open heart surgery. AB - The visual disturbances of 45 patients following open heart surgery could be divided into disturbances of (1) visual acuity, (2) visual accuracy, and (3) visual reality testing. The non-hallucinatory phenomena consisted mainly of loss of colour vision, metamorphopsias, visual gnostic disorders and cortical blindness. The hallucinatory phenomena could be divided into the delirium type of hallucinations with clouding of consciousness and the spectator type of hallucinations with a clear sensorium. The causes of the visual symptomatology and cardiac psychoses are seen in microembolization and/or ischemic hypoxia. The basal ganglia and the occipital lobe are areas of predilection for embolic and hypoxic changes. Identical psychoses also occur in cerebral malaria and polycythemia vera which show the same embolic and anoxic neuropathological changes of vascular occlusion as do many patients who die following open heart surgery with extracorporal circulation. PMID- 6984326 TI - [The histocompatibility system in schizophrenia]. AB - Various diseases with a noticeable autoimmune component and frequent occurrence within one family show a statistically significant correlation with specific human leucocyte antigens (HLA). This correlation was also found in studies of HLA in psychiatric disorders. However, results have been contradictory. The phenotype frequencies of HLA specificities were investigated in 100 schizophrenic patients and 472 controls from the same geographic area in Germany. The frequency of HLA B27 was significantly increased in the patient group as a whole and in the subgroups of paranoid patients, chronic schizophrenics, patients with poor prognosis and in patients with the onset of the disease before the age of 20 years. In the latter three subgroups an elevated incidence of HLA-A9 was also found. The combination A9-B27 was detected in 0,63% of our control group and in 7% of the patients. Of these patients 85,7% were chronic paranoid patients with poor prognostic features. The present study indicates a possible marker of genetic heterogeneity in schizophrenia and gives support to the possibility of using HLA typing in genetic studies of schizophrenia as well as in the differential diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, in spite of the statistical significance of our findings, the fact that the associations are well below 100% indicates that other factors (presumably environmental) must be involved in the etiology of the disease. PMID- 6984327 TI - Factors of tonsillar involution: age-dependent changes in B-cell activation and Langerhans' cell density. AB - Incorporation of radioactive thymidine as well as morphological and autoradiographical investigations performed with isolated B and T lymphocytes of the tonsil show that first of all B cells are activated or proliferating. The combination of autoradiography with cytochemistry was the only means of detecting a few activated T cells. With increasing age the number of activated B cells decreases. A reduced number of Langerhans' cells acting as antigen receptors in the epithelium of the crypt is assumed to be one cause of this phenomenon. Tonsillar involution originates from both a decline in the antigen receptors and in the depletion of B-cell activation. Malfunctions in these processes give rises to pathogenic factors in chronic tonsillitis. PMID- 6984331 TI - [Studies of staphylococcal mastitis]. PMID- 6984329 TI - Prevalence of selected pathology among currently certified active airmen. AB - It is the policy of the Federal Aviation Administration to medically certify individuals for flying who have medical deficiency or disease, provided such action does not compromise air safety. During recent years, for example, standards have been relaxed on contact lens use and medication has been allowed for control of hypertension. This descriptive epidemiologic study of the prevalence of pathology among active airmen as of Jan. 1, 1980--by major body system and for other selected pathologies of interest within the major body systems--used data from active computer files maintained by the Aeromedical Certification Branch of the Civil Aeromedical Institute in connection with the certification program. Some 350,701 (42%) active airmen require correction for some visual deficiency. Of this total, 20,058 are contact lens wearers. After eye pathology, cardiovascular and abdominal pathology represent the most prevalent medical conditions among active airmen (3.7% and 2.6% respectively). Overall, disease prevalence is greater among currently certified airmen than among previous groups studied. This increase in prevalence is probably a reflection of more liberal standards more than any other single factor. PMID- 6984330 TI - Medical fitness examination of commercial pilots: new criteria for evaluation of vestibular tests. AB - In medical fitness examinations of commercial pilots, extensive vestibular investigations should be conducted. In particular, the pendular test, as a weak rotational stimulation method, can disclose central vestibular disorders. Thus, the central nystagmus tracing can be considered as a sign of irritation of vestibular centers, most frequently as a consequence of head trauma, a finding that may influence the decision in the enlistment of the pilot. In contrast, a small nystagmus amplitude tracing is observed in cases of insufficient blood supply, occurring mostly in elderly persons. Therefore, this finding helps to demonstrate and treat arteriosclerotic dizziness in elderly pilots. Cervical nystagmus--elicited by neck-torsion while keeping the labyrinth fixed at rest--is an objective demonstration of a cervical-spine-syndrome. Aimed therapy, namely chiropractic manipulation, may help the pilot become fit to fly again. Further processing of the data from the vestibular investigations by means of a computer and plotting can provide the so-called cumulative eye position. This enables one to evaluate the compensation capacity which is a measure of the intensity of the vestibular response, important in the assessment of normal function of the vestibular system. PMID- 6984328 TI - Immunology of ocular toxoplasmosis. AB - Toxoplasma gondii, due to its ability to escape and modify the normal immune response, is able to survive within the retina indefinitely with the production of an occasional acute inflammatory response. The cellular immune system is mainly responsible for limiting infection. Diagnosis is based on clinical features coupled with measurements of antibody response (systemic and ocular) and cell mediated immunity. The treatment of toxoplasma chorioretinitis when indicated should be specific and immunosuppressive agents should only be used in conjunction with antibiotics to avoid dissemination of the organism. PMID- 6984332 TI - The use of N-methylprotoporphyrin dimethyl ester to inhibit ferrochelatase in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and its effect in promoting biosynthesis of magnesium tetrapyrroles. AB - N-Methylprotoporphyrin dimethyl ester inhibits ferrochelatase in isolated membranes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides at low concentrations (around 10 nm). Full inhibition developed after a short lag phase. The inhibition was non competitive with porphyrin substrate. Addition of inhibitor to growing cultures of Rps. sphaeroides caused a decrease (near 40%) in cytochrome content and a severe inhibition of ferrochelatase; the excretion of haem into the medium by cell suspensions was also severely inhibited. The addition of N methylprotoporphyrin dimethyl ester to suspensions of photosynthetically competent Rps. sphaeroides Ga caused excretion of Mg-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester. When added to mutants V3 and O1, magnesium divinylphaeoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester and 2-devinyl-2-hydroxyethylphaeophorbide a were excreted, with maximum effect at around 3 microM-inhibitor in the medium. The results are interpreted to suggest that the inhibitor decreases concentration of intracellular haem, which normally controls the activity of 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase. Unregulated activity of this enzyme leads to overproduction of protoporphyrin, which is diverted to the bacteriochlorophyll pathway. Further control operates at magnesium protoporphyrin ester conversion in normal cells. PMID- 6984334 TI - The metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin by rat and hairless mouse skin strips. AB - The metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin was studied in rat and hairless mouse skin strips. These preparations supported de-ethylation, sulphation and glucuronidation reactions. The de-ethylation reaction was inducible in both species by pretreatment with either 5,6-benzoflavone or 3 methylcholanthrene. The hairless mouse strips exhibited a greater basal de ethylase activity than rat strips, although the latter was the more responsive to inducers. Accompanying the increase in de-ethylation activity was a change in the pattern of metabolites, with a large increase in the percentage of the unconjugated metabolite. When 7-hydroxycoumarin was employed as the primary substrate the glucuronide was the major metabolite formed by strips from both species. The glucuronidation and sulphation activities were unchanged by 3 methylcholanthrene pretreatment. PMID- 6984333 TI - Characterization of the microsomal cytochrome P-450 species induced in rat liver by trans-stilbene oxide. AB - trans-Stilbene oxide differs from the classical inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes, phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene, in that it induces the so-called phase II activities, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase, to a much larger extent than it induces cytochrome P-450. Nonetheless, the level of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes from rats treated with trans-stilbene oxide is increased significantly to twice the control value. The existence of a number of different isozymes of cytochrome P-450 has now been clearly demonstrated and in the present study we have posed the question. What form(s) of cytochrome P-450 is induced by trans-stilbene oxide? A number of criteria including substrate specificity, pattern of benzo(a)pyrene metabolism, sensitivity to inhibitors, substrate binding spectra, ethylisocyanide binding spectra, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis were used to answer this question. It seems clear that trans-stilbene oxide induces the same form(s) of cytochrome P-450 as phenobarbital. PMID- 6984335 TI - Cytochrome P-450 dependent deethylase activity in rat and hairless mouse skin microsomes. AB - Microsomal fractions were prepared from rat and hairless mouse skin. The method of preparation was validated by studying the distribution of succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. Induction of oxidative deethylation activities by 5,6-benzoflavone and 3-methylcholanthrene was investigated. Preparations from hairless mouse skin exhibited higher basal activities but the enzymes were less responsive than those of rat skin to inducers. Species differences were observed in the extent of induction between topical and i.p. administration of 5,6-benzoflavone, the former route being more effective in the hairless mouse and the latter route most effective in the rat. Generally oxidative deethylation activity increased linearly with protein concn up to 2-3 mg protein/ml. The only exception was rat skin microsomes prepared from animals pretreated with 5,6-benzoflavone, where linearity was observed only to 0.75 mg protein/ml above which oxidative deethylation activity decreased with increasing protein concn. The inhibition of 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase by various compounds was investigated; the activity in hairless mouse skin exhibited a greater sensitivity to water-soluble solvents than that in rat skin microsomes. Both hairless mouse and rat skin 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase were sensitive to inhibition by 5,6-benzoflavone, 7,8-benzoflavone and metyrapone. PMID- 6984337 TI - [Effects of adult thymectomy on the growth of 203-glioma in mice--analysis of T cell subpopulation in tumor immunology]. AB - The effects of adult thymectomy in C 57 BL/6 mice on in vivo and in vitro responses to syngeneic methylcholanthrene-induced glioma (203-glioma) were investigated in order to analyse the role of T cell subpopulation in relation to the antitumor immunity. The tumor growth in adult mice thymectomized 3 weeks before subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cells was significantly suppressed. On the other hand, in mice thymectomized 7 or 10 weeks before tumor cell inoculation, the tumor growth was enhanced resulting in shorter mean survival time. The cytotoxic activity of the regional lymph node T cells in the former mice was increased from the beginning after tumor cell inoculation with peak observed on day 14 and maintained for about 4 weeks, while it was extremely decreased in the latter mice. The marked enhancement of cytotoxic activity in the former mice is probably due to a reduced proportion of short-lived T lymphocyte population after adult thymectomy. In contrast, the low level of cytotoxic activity in the latter mice may be due to a gradual reduction of long-lived T lymphocyte population in addition to short-lived T lymphocyte population after adult thymectomy. The cytotoxic activity was specific for 203-glioma cells and almost completely eliminated with anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody and complement. The surface markers of these killer T cells were checked with the results that in normal mice Lyt-1-.2.3+ and Lyt-1+.2.3+ cells participate in cytotoxic reaction. In mice thymectomized 3-10 weeks before tumor cell inoculation, however, Lyt 1+.2.3+ killer T cells were not detected suggesting strongly that the progenitors of Lyt-1+.2.3+ killer T cells are short-lived cells in contrast to those of Lyt-1 .2.3+ killer T cells which survive more than 10 weeks after adult thymectomy. The tumor growth was also significantly suppressed by the intravenous adoptive transfer of sensitized lymphocytes obtained from mice thymectomized 3 weeks before tumor cell inoculation. This effect of tumor suppression was disappeared by the pretreatment of infused lymphocytes with anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody and complement. These evidences may suggest that in tumor bearing mice short lived suppressor T cells or their precursors exist and regulate the growth and differentiation of killer T cells and that adult thymectomy affects immunoregulation, possibly by altering the generation of suppressor T cells. PMID- 6984338 TI - [Positron CT of epilepsy]. PMID- 6984336 TI - [Effect of N-ethylmaleimide on the active transport of sodium and its permeability in the skin of Rana esculenta]. AB - N-ethyl maleimide (10(-3)M in the external fluid) strongly increases the permeability of urea and phenylalanine. However, the ratio phi 0 urea / phi 0 phenylalanine (a measure of membrane integrity) is not reduced. NEM 10(-4)M elicits a small increase of urea permeability. NEM (10(-3)M or 10(-4)M in the external fluid) stimulates Na active transport across the frog skin. Most probably the activation of Na pump is due to an increase of Na cellular pool, caused by the permeability increase elicited by NEM. PMID- 6984339 TI - Haemophilus influenzae pyarthrosis in a young adult with subsequent temporomandibular joint involvement. PMID- 6984341 TI - Two detergent-insoluble proteins of the human lymphocyte membrane are enriched in an isolated membrane fraction. AB - Human lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood on Ficoll/Paque density gradients were surface-labelled by 125I/lactoperoxidase or 3H/reductive alkylation and lysed in buffer solutions containing non-ionic or amphoteric detergents (octylphenylpolyoxyethylenes, octylglucoside, cholylamidopropyldimethylammoniopropane sulfonate) under a variety of conditions. The cell lysate was fractionated by sedimentation or by density gradient centrifugation. The large majority of the labelled proteins is solubilized by the detergents. Two proteins of 45 000 and 30 000 molecular weight are the main detergent-insoluble, surface-labelled components. They can be fractionated from detergent lysates of cells in relatively pure form from the other membrane proteins and from nuclear material on density gradients. The same two proteins are specifically enriched in a membrane fraction isolated from a detergent-free cell homogenate by density gradient centrifugation. Cytoskeletal and other intracellular proteins remain associated with these two proteins when fractionated by either of these two independent methods. PMID- 6984340 TI - Comparison of the actin binding and filament formation properties of phosphorylated and dephosphorylated Acanthamoeba myosin II. PMID- 6984342 TI - Human lymphocyte membrane proteins treated with neuraminidase. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were surface-iodinated, treated with neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae and lysed with non-ionic detergent. In addition, surface membrane fractions were isolated from surface-iodinated cells in the absence of detergents and treated with neuraminidase after membrane isolation. The effect of neuraminidase treatment on the membrane proteins was studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. One surface-labelled protein of 45 000 molecular weight which is characterized by its association with the detergent-resistant matrix of the cells and by its specific enrichment in an isolated membrane fraction, was found to be particularly sensitive to neuraminidase treatment both of intact cells and isolated membranes. A prominent labelled protein of apparent molecular weight of 60 000 is observed in the soluble fraction after neuraminidase treatment of intact cells. The analogous protein is detected when isolated membrane fractions are treated with neuraminidase. PMID- 6984343 TI - Detergent extraction of membrane proteins related to the action of antidiuretic hormone. AB - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) induces, in the apical plasma membrane of target cells, the insertion of intramembranous particle aggregates that probably contain water channels. A mild attack of this membrane by a polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl detergent, which reversibly depressed ADH-induced water permeability, has been found to modify aggregate structure while extracting additional proteins. This simple procedure could be a valuable approach to the problem of aggregate isolation and characterization. PMID- 6984344 TI - Nonhistone chromatin proteins of B-lymphocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of proteins synthesized and phosphorylated during the initiation of lymphocyte differentiation. AB - Synthesis and phosphorylation of nonhistone chromatin and nucleoplasmic proteins during the first 24 h of activation of mouse B-lymphocytes by the B-cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide have been studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis. Although little change occurs in the nucleoplasmic proteins, it has been shown that the incorporation of [35S]methionine into nonhistone chromatin proteins is selectively stimulated. The degree of stimulation and the kinetics of synthesis are characteristic for each individual protein; some proteins exhibit increased incorporation only 4 h after addition of mitogen, while others are synthesized de novo between 8 and 24 h. After 72 h stimulation, the majority of nonhistone chromatin protein synthesis occurs in the highly differentiated lymphoblasts and plasma cells actively secreting IgM, very little synthesis taking place in the small lymphocytes. Analysis of nuclear proteins from lymphocytes stimulated for 2 h showed no selective stimulation of phosphorylation. These observations suggest that nonhistone chromatin proteins play an important role in the regulation of gene expression in B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6984345 TI - Binding, internalization and degradation of colony-stimulating factor by peritoneal exudate macrophages. AB - Iodinated colony-stimulating factor produced by L-cells (125I-CSF-1) binds specifically to murine peritoneal exudate macrophages. At 37 degrees C, the cell bound 125I-CSF-1 was internalized and degraded very rapidly, with the appearance of radioactive iodotyrosine in the medium. At 0 degree C, the cell-bound 125I-CSF 1 was not internalized and degraded, nor did it dissociate from the membrane. The internalization and degradation at 37 degrees C could be blocked or reduced by the presence of phenylglyoxal, methylamine and NH4Cl. The chemical nature of the CSF-1 binding site is polypeptide as judged by its sensitivity to trypsin treatment. After the binding and degradation of unlabeled CSF-1, the exudate cells were no longer able to rebind freshly added 125I-CSF-1, indicating the removal of CSF-1 binding site. The binding capacity of these cells, however, could be restored by prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C but not at 0 degrees C in culture medium containing fetal calf serum. PMID- 6984347 TI - Depression secondary to cancer. AB - Depression is the most frequent psychiatric complication experienced by cancer patients. Recent surveys indicate that 17--25% of patients hospitalized with neoplastic disease suffer from depression severe enough to warrant psychiatric intervention. The disorder tends to be reactive in nature and occurs mot frequently among the severely ill. Despite an increased risk of suicide, self destruction remains a rare occurrence in cancer victims. The most important etiologic factors are associated with the disease itself but additional factors have to do with its treatment. Those related to the illness include the psychological reaction to cancer, reaction to physical distress, central nervous system metastases, paraneoplastic syndromes, and metabolic disturbances. Factors related to the treatment include reaction to surgical procedures, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. Treatment for depression secondary to cancer should begin with careful assessment leading to identification of specific mechanisms and may include antidepressant drugs, psychotherapy, and a variety of adjunctive techniques. Little research has been done in this area, and most of it suffers from the use of inadequate diagnostic criteria. Controlled trials of available pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments are urgently needed. PMID- 6984346 TI - Colostral T lymphocytes detected by intracytoplasmic and membrane markers. AB - Colostral lymphocytes were studied using two established T-cell markers: intracytoplasmic alpha-naphtyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) staining and membrane receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E rosettes). ANAE staining allowed counting and identification of T-cell subsets independently of the status of membrane structures and receptors frequently altered in colostral cells. The fact that a sizeable number of colostral lymphocytes had the same phenotype as the majority of mature circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes supports the hypothesis that colostral lymphocytes may play a role in protecting neonates against infections, in transferring immune information to the newborn, or in modulating the immune response via release of soluble factors. A considerable percentage of colostral T lymphocytes are ANAE-negative. This phenotype is similar to that observed among thymocytes. PMID- 6984348 TI - Leukemia cell phenotype and prognosis: an analysis of 519 adults with acute leukemia. PMID- 6984349 TI - Vestibular implications of noise-induced hearing loss. AB - An extensive vestibular examination was carried out in a group of 29 noise exposed technicians. A spontaneous nystagmus was found in 18 persons, and 24 had a positional nystagmus exceeding a velocity of the slow phase of 5 degrees/s in three or more positions. In 17 subjects a cervical nystagmus could be provoked, while a nystagmus preponderance of more than 20% in the rotation test was found in seven persons. A difference in excitability between the labyrinths of more than 20% was shown by seven subjects. None of the subjects showed pathology in the tests for central vestibular disorders. The technicians were divided into four groups, according to the severity of their hearing loss. No correlation was found between the grade of the hearing loss and the vestibular function disturbance. This can be explained in terms of the adaptive properties of the vestibular system. All subjects showed pathology in one or more of the vestibular tests. The medico-legal aspects of vestibular involvement in noise-induced hearing loss can be of some importance. Hearing loss itself does not affect work capability directly; however, a vestibular disorder might well do so. In consequence, noise-exposed individuals could be disabled because of vertigo or balance disorder--an important and perhaps neglected aspect of noise-induced hearing damage. PMID- 6984350 TI - Neural correlates of optokinetic nystagmus in the mesencephalon of Rana pipiens: a functional analysis. AB - The effects of lesions of the anuran mesencephalic retinal terminal fields on horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) were examined. Lesion sites which produced effects upon OKN responses were as follows: BOR, nBOR, peri-nBOR, the large celled pretectal nucleus, and the dorsal tegmental gray and deep tectal layers. Transection of BOR generally resulted in an increase in saccadic frequently at the lower stimulus velocities. Lesions of nBOR produced a decrease in the frequency of both head and eye saccades in the middle to high range of stimulus velocities. The only lesions which totally abolished horizontal OKN were those located medical to nBOR, in the peri-nBOR region. Lesions of the large-celled pretectal nucleus and dorsal tegmental gray substantially reduced both head and eye saccades at all stimulus velocities. Small lesions in the deep tectal layers also depressed OKN frequency. These studies indicate that horizontal OKN may be mediated by a number of structures within the anuran mesencephalon. PMID- 6984351 TI - Conditioned media from activated lymphocytes maintain sympathetic neurons in culture. AB - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is vital for the development and maintenance of sympathetic neurons. In the present report, we demonstrate that NGF maintenance activity can be substituted by lymphoid cells. Indeed, coculturing lymphoid cells with sympathetic neurons in the absence of exogenous NGF resulted in neuronal survival, as measured by morphological and biochemical criteria. In addition, conditioned media from concanavalin A-activated lymphoid cells could replace NGF. The lymphoid secreted factor differs from NGF in its inability to induce neuronal differentiation, and in its lack of cross-reactivity with NGF in radioimmunoassays. We thus discovered a potential novel source for a factor essential for neuronal survival. PMID- 6984352 TI - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo by murine lymphoid cells cultured with T cell growth factor (TCGF). AB - Lymphoid cells obtained from the spleen, thymus, bone marrow, peripheral blood, and peritoneal exudate of normal mice (BALB/c, BALB/c nude, C57BL/6, C3H) and from spleens of mice bearing a transplantable lung carcinoma or primary mammary carcinoma were expanded in culture for 1-9 months, with an increase in cell number of 10(5)- to 10(6)-fold per month, in crude or lectin-depleted medium containing T cell growth factor (TCGF). All these cultured lymphoid cell (CLC) lines exhibited strong cytotoxic activity in vitro (assessed by 51Cr-release assays) toward a variety of freshly harvested and cultured syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic tumor target cells, both lymphoid and solid (including metastatic growths) in origin. Extensive killing was observed against tumor targets that were resistant to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells as well as to NK-sensitive tumor lines. Low levels of cytotoxic reactivity were also demonstrated against fresh and cultured normal lymphoid cells. The CLC had some characteristics of NK cells but also expressed some typical T cell markers. In local Winn-type neutralization assays, CLC delayed or completely inhibited the growth of lymphomas and carcinomas in syngeneic and allogeneic recipients. In mice with metastatic growth of a second-generation transplant of mammary carcinoma, CLC were shown to have some therapeutic effect when administered IV 1 day after cyclophosphamide. No significant beneficial action of IV administered CLC was observed in the absence of chemotherapy in mice implanted with a lung carcinoma. The possibilities of employing TCGF-propagated cytotoxic effector cells in adoptive immunotherapy of human malignancies are discussed. PMID- 6984353 TI - The immune response to a chemically induced fibrosarcoma: a comparison of cytolytic T lymphocyte stimulation by transformed and non-transformed fibroblasts. PMID- 6984354 TI - Immunosuppressive effect of acute-phase reactant proteins in vitro and its relevance to cancer. AB - Acute-phase reactant proteins reach abnormally high levels in patients with cancer, and correlate with the extent of disease. In this study, several acute phase glycoproteins, and serum albumin as a control, were tested at different concentrations for their ability to modify the blastogenic response of lymphocytes from 30 normal donors to PHA and the chemotactic response of monocytes from 15 normal donors to casein. In high concentrations approximating those found in cancer patients, but not in normal concentrations, haptoglobin and fibrinogen inhibited both functions to different degrees. Orosomucoid inhibited only monocyte chemotaxis, while ceruloplasmin and alpha 1-antitrypsin affected neither function. Increasing concentrations of PHA did not overcome the blocking effect of haptoglobin and fibrinogen on blastogenesis, suggesting that PHA protein interaction was not responsible for the effect observed. The three proteins that did not suppress blastogenesis individually did so strongly when combined. It is suggested that these glycoproteins, synthesized by the liver in response to an inflammatory stimulus, may act as 'non-specific blocking factors' protecting tumors against the host's immunological attack. This non-specific blocking activity of the acute-phase proteins may contribute to the 'immune escape' of the tumor. PMID- 6984355 TI - Adoptive chemoimmunotherapy of a syngeneic murine lymphoma with long-term lymphoid cell lines expanded in T cell growth factor. PMID- 6984356 TI - Natural resistance mechanisms may play a role in protection against chemical carcinogenesis. AB - Mice deprived of B lymphocytes by the chronic administration of anti-IgM antibodies have been shown to possess a heightened natural resistance (NR) to micro-organisms, to parental bone marrow, and to natural killer (NK)-sensitive tumors in vitro and in vivo. Experiments described in this communication indicate that the latent period of primary tumors induced by the injection of methylcholanthrene (MC) is also prolonged in these mice. This observation suggests that NR mechanisms may provide protection against primary chemically induced tumors. PMID- 6984358 TI - Tolfenamic acid and caffeine: a useful combination in migraine. AB - Tolfenamic acid is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, which has been proved effective in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. The usefulness of caffeine, metoclopramide and pyridoxine as adjuncts to tolfenamic acid was tested in acute migraine attacks in ten patients. A combination of tolfenamic acid (200 mg) with either caffeine (100 mg), metoclopramide (10 mg) or pyridoxine (300 mg) was given twice to each patient in random order. Thus 60 attacks were treated. The tolfenamic acid-caffeine combination proved the most effective as judged by duration and intensity of attacks, working ability, vigilance, and overall evaluation of the drugs by the patients. Metoclopramide was somewhat better than pyridoxine as an additive. PMID- 6984357 TI - Interference of anti-tumor and immunosuppressive effects of cyclophosphamide in tumor-bearing rats. Analysis of factors determining resistance or susceptibility to a subsequent tumor challenge. AB - Adult rats were given 10(5) or 10(6) Yoshida ascites sarcoma (YAS) cells IP and were treated with cyclophosphamide (CY) given IP in single doses of 20 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, 2 or 5 days after YAS inoculation. Both the curative effect of CY and subsequent resistance to tumor challenge in rats that survived depended on the dose of injected tumor cells and on the dose and time of administration of CY. These three factors determined whether the host's immune response to tumor antigens would develop and contribute to the overall anti-tumor effects of the chemotherapy. The curative effects of CY were significantly less pronounced in T cell-deficient than in normal rats. Anti-tumor and immunosuppressive activities of CY exerted opposite influences on the ultimate result of the chemotherapy. Adverse immunosuppressive effects prevailed when the drug was administered early (2 days) after YAS inoculation. In this case the chemotherapy was less efficient and the surviving rats were susceptible to a subsequent tumor challenge. Further analysis showed that the injection of CY 2 days after inoculation of YAS antigens induced strong and specific immunologic tolerance to the tumor. In contrast, when a sufficient amount of tumor antigens (higher dose of tumor cells injected and CY injection delayed) elicited an anti-YAS immune response that was not suppressed by early injection of CY (CY administered 5 days after the tumor) effective eradication of tumor cells and anti-YAS resistance in cured animals were observed. PMID- 6984359 TI - The regulatory role of adenosine-activated T-lymphocyte subset on the immune response in humans. I. Mitogenic response and production of mediators. PMID- 6984360 TI - Synergistic cytolytic activity by combined populations of peritoneal T lymphocytes and macrophages during the L5178Y cell tumor-dormant state in DBA/2 mice. PMID- 6984362 TI - Effect of interleukin 2 on cytotoxic effectors. II. Long-term culture of NK cells. PMID- 6984361 TI - Murine alveolar macrophage-mediated lymphocyte cytostasis: kinetics and mechanisms. PMID- 6984363 TI - Modulation of the recognition and lysis of EL4 tumor target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6984365 TI - Assessment of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 effects on cycling and noncycling murine thymocytes. PMID- 6984364 TI - Protection against pulmonary blastomycosis: adoptive transfer with T lymphocytes, but not serum, from resistant mice. PMID- 6984366 TI - Regulatory cells in human bone marrow: suppression of an in vitro primary antibody response. PMID- 6984369 TI - [Corneal protection after cerebellopontine angle tumor operation]. PMID- 6984367 TI - T- and B-lymphocyte colony formation by cord and adult blood lymphocytes stimulated with staph protein A. PMID- 6984368 TI - Influence of cortisone on immunologic tolerance in vivo: cortisone prolongs the duration of unresponsiveness but fails to affect its induction. PMID- 6984370 TI - [Importance of research on anti-organ antibodies]. PMID- 6984371 TI - Reappraisal of the present situation in prevention and control of lung cancer. AB - Lung cancer is a significant health problem in developed countries and is rapidly becoming a problem in developing countries. This report reviews the available information on the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, therapy, early detection and primary prevention of lung cancer. Minimum essential diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are proposed. Priority approaches to the implementation of lung cancer prevention programmes and research activities are outlined. PMID- 6984372 TI - Control of sleeping sickness due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. AB - Sleeping sickness due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is endemic in 23 African countries and an estimated 45 million people are exposed to infection. The relatively low incidence of the disease (about 10 000 new cases each year) is mainly a result of 50 years of regular medical surveillance and treatment in combination with tsetse control where indicated and possible. The present article considers the significant developments in research in the field and assesses the impact of these findings on techniques used in the control of the disease. The World Health Organization has recently established an action programme for sleeping sickness control to organize and coordinate medical surveillance, treatment of infected individuals, and vector control activities. Among its objectives, the programme aims to provide support for national control services in the form of technical expertise, training of staff, and provision of newly developed equipment for diagnosis and treatment. The programme is also closely associated with the research activities supported by the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. PMID- 6984373 TI - A case-control study of stillbirths at a teaching hospital in Zambia, 1979-80: antenatal factors. AB - A total of 266 mothers of stillborn babies (cases) and 266 mothers of live-born babies (controls), matched for parity, were studied in an attempt to define the causes of the stillbirths. Altogether, 16% of mothers in the former group were over 35 years old, compared with 9% in the latter; in addition, 16% of cases had a history of past perinatal death, compared with only 2.4% among the controls.Mothers of stillborn babies had fewer attendances at the antenatal clinic and a longer interval between the last visit and delivery, compared with the control group; 8% of the former group had no antenatal care. Only 47% of mothers had a Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test reported before delivery. The VDRL test was positive in 34% of the cases tested and in 7% of controls.Of the 266 stillborn infants, 56% were of low birth weight; 12% of the 170 macerated stillbirths were associated with intrapartum problems that may have contributed to death, compared with 46% of the 96 fresh stillbirths. Prolonged labour and prolapsed cord were the commonest intrapartum factors associated with death. The most common antepartum factors were a positive VDRL test, abruptio placentae, and a history of illness. A total of 5% of the stillborn infants had some congenital abnormality. No cause of death could be identified in 13.5% of these infants, the majority of whom were of low birth weight. PMID- 6984374 TI - Comparative study between patients treated with transcutaneous electric stimulation and controls during labour. PMID- 6984375 TI - Rhinitis, sinusitis and otitis media in Kartagener's syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia). AB - Ear, nose and throat symptoms and signs were studied in 15 patients with Kartagener's syndrome: a triad consisting of chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic bronchitis with bronchiectasis, and situs inversus. The triad is caused by primary ciliary dyskinesia and characterized by absent or considerably reduced mucociliary transport. Daily accumulation of secretions in the nose, chronic recurrent secretory otitis media and sinusitis occurred in all subjects. Characteristically, nasal discharge started at birth or was first detected in early childhood. Apparently, the frequency of common colds and of acute purulent otitis media was not increased. As primary ciliary dyskinesia can occur without situs inversus, knowledge of the typical ENT symptoms is essential for making an early diagnosis, which is important for the correct management of the disease. While a conservative surgical approach to treatment of the ENT symptoms is recommended, early and active treatment of the bronchial symptoms is probably important for prevention of further lung damage and development of bronchiectasis. PMID- 6984376 TI - Homozygous deficiency of C4 in a child with a lupus erythematosus syndrome. AB - A complete, selective lack of C4 was found in a girl who at 2 years of age presented with an atypical rash and low titres of antinuclear antibodies (less than 1/25). Rheumatoid factors were also found. The deficiency has been followed for 5 years. Tests for Chido and Rodgers antigens on the erythrocytes were negative. A possible proneness to bacterial infections has been noted with recurrent otitis media and purulent parotitis. At the age of 5, the patient developed polyarthritis of large joints and signs of glomerulonephritis. These symptoms responded well to high-dose steroid treatment. At present, there are initial signs of sclerodactylia and some persistent exanthema and parotic swelling. IgM levels were remarkably high with 19 S IgM at about 7 g/l and 7 S IgM at about 1.5 g/l. In the large kindred studied, lower immunochemical and functional C4 values were found in carriers of the genetical defect than in the rest of the family members. The C4 deficiency gene(s) segregated with HLA A2, Cw3, B40, BfS on the paternal, and with Aw30,-, B18, BfF1 on the maternal side of the family. PMID- 6984377 TI - Natural killer cells in common variable immunodeficiency and selective IgA deficiency. PMID- 6984378 TI - A study of t cell populations in alcoholic cirrhosis and chronic alcoholism. AB - It has been suggested that the various immunological abnormalities found in patients with cirrhosis might have contributed to the development of liver disease. T cells and their subpopulations were enumerated in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, in patients with severe alcoholism but no detectable liver disease, and in 2 control groups (non-drinkers and social drinkers) in an attempt to determine which changes, if any, are related to and a result of cirrhosis, and which are related to alcoholism and therefore contributing factors in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were found to have a decreased percentage of T cells, but the normal %s of B cells and monocytes when compared with controls. There were no differences between the 4 groups in the %s of T cells composed by the subset that rosette with ox red cells coated with IgM anti-ox erythrocyte antibody (T mu cells). However, the %s of T cells composed by the subset that rosette with ox red cells coated with IgG anti-ox erythrocyte antibody (T gamma cells) were found to be significantly decreased in patients with chronic alcoholism when compared with controls, and in patients with alcoholic liver disease when compared with chronic alcoholics. Many factors contribute to the development of cirrhosis: low numbers of T gamma cells may be an indication of individual susceptibility to progressive liver disease in patients with chronic alcoholism. PMID- 6984379 TI - Computed tomographic evaluation of corpus callosum agenesis and associated malformations. AB - Agenesis of the corpus callosum is not an uncommon congenital malformation in neurologically symptomatic children. The computed tomographic scan characteristics of uncomplicated agenesis of the corpus callosum include: (a) widely separated parallel or nonconverging lateral ventricles; (b) "Bat wing" or "bullhorn" appearance of the frontal horns; (c) High-riding third ventricle which may be enlarged and have a tear-drop or rhomboid appearance; and (d) Selective dilatation of the occipital horns occurs frequently. Associated malformations identifiable by computed tomographic scan include Dandy-Walker cysts, interhemispheric cysts, porencephaly, Arnold-Chiari II malformations, and skull deformities. PMID- 6984380 TI - Epidermoid tumor of the fourth ventricle: use of metrizamide-computed tomography. AB - This report describes two cases of epidermoid tumor of the fourth ventricle diagnosed with metrizamide computed tomography. They both presented as a low density lesion in the region of the fourth ventricle on computed tomography. They did not show any enhancement after intravenous injection of contrast medium and had no hydrocephalus. Metrizamide-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated the irregular fourth-ventricular filling defect characteristic of epidermoid tumors. PMID- 6984381 TI - [Antibiotic therapy in periodontology. Study of 30 cases]. PMID- 6984383 TI - Activation of midbrain tryptophan hydroxylase by MgATP. Absence during early postnatal development. AB - The brain tryptophan hydroxylase is known to be activated by magnesium adenosine triphosphate (MgATP). This activation has been suspected to be a case of enzyme phosphorylation, although convincing evidence is still lacking. In supernatants (100,000 g) from adult mouse midbrains, the addition of 1 mM ATP and 10 mM MgCl2 could increase the tryptophan activity by 70-90%, when the enzyme activity was determined at a subsaturating concentration of 6-MPH4 (0.2 mM). The present study has revealed that the enzyme activation by MgATP could only be achieved from mice after 12 days of postnatal age. No activation was found in midbrain preparations from younger animals, although a substantial level of tryptophan hydroxylase activity was already present. The possibility that some required component(s) for the enzyme activation may be lacking during early development was tested by mixing a dialyzed adult preparation with the neonatal midbrain supernatant. Under these conditions, the tryptophan hydroxylase in the neonatal supernatant was activated by MgATP. Furthermore, the addition of a crude protein kinase fraction from adult midbrain cytosol was also capable of restoring the enzyme activatability in the neonatal preparation. It appears that the lack of activatability by MgATP alone during early development was due to absence of one or more biochemical factors required for the activation. PMID- 6984384 TI - Modifiability of cerebellar neuronal networks related to adaptive control of vestibulo-ocular reflex. PMID- 6984382 TI - Analysis of single and twin sister chromatid exchanges in endoreduplicated normal and Bloom syndrome B-lymphoid cells. AB - Single and twin sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were analysed in the colcemid induced endoreduplicated normal and Bloom syndrome (BS) B-lymphoid cells with diplochromosomes. In normal cells, an equal number of SCEs occur in each of the two cell cycles; the ratio of single (= 5.51 SCEs/cell) to twins (= 2.64 SCEs/cell) was 2:1 on the endoreduplicated-cell basis, and it was 1:1 on the diploid-cell basis. In contrast, in 29 endomitoses from one BS B-lymphoid line, a manyfold increase of single SCEs was detected and 139.4 single SCEs on the average were counted, whereas twin SCEs were rare and only 4.9 twin SCEs were countable. In BS cells, the ratio of single (= 139.4 SCEs/cell) to twins (4.9 SCEs/cell) was 28:1 on the endoreduplicated-cell basis, and it was 14:1 on the diploid cell-basis; the rates of S1 and S2 exchanges were 4.9 and 69.7 SCEs/cell, respectively. The present study strongly indicates that most of BS SCEs occur during the second cell cycle when BrdU-containing DNA is used as template for replication and that BrdU enhances BS SCEs. PMID- 6984386 TI - Electrophysiological studies of Guillain-Barre syndrome with different susceptibilities to develop EAN serum on 2 strains of rats. AB - Sera from 10 patients with AIDP and 10 age-matched controls were microinjected into the tibial division of rat sciatic nerve using improved microinjection techniques and coded sera. No statistically significant changes in conduction velocity or amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) or in the monophasic compound action potential (CAP) parameters was found at 1 week. In nerves studied with serial recording over 1 h a small but significantly greater reduction in CMAP amplitude was observed at 60 min in the AIDP group and at both 30 and 60 min when only sera from very severely affected (bed-ridden) patients were considered. A similar reduction was found following microinjection into focally demyelinated nerves. The finding of a small reduction in CMAP amplitude in the first hour suggests the presence in some AIDP patients of serum blocking or demyelinating factors but the clinical significance of this small reduction is uncertain. PMID- 6984385 TI - The morphometric composition of myelinated fibres by nerve, level and species related to nerve microenvironment and ischaemia. AB - An extensive morphometric evaluation of the number, density and diameter distribution of myelinated fibres (MFs) of different nerves, of different proximal-distal levels of nerves, and of different species is reported. The methodology used provides reliable estimates of number and size because of the use of optimal histological techniques, semi-thin sections, careful systematic sampling, nonsubjective evaluation of transverse MF profiles using computerized imaging and evaluation of large numbers of MFs and nerves. The non-MF percentage of endoneurial area was also measured as an index of the amount of nerve microenvironment. We have confirmed that the MF composition is quite variable between nerves, between levels of nerves, and between species. In general the density of MFs is lower in the nerves of man than in the nerves of other animals evaluated, in distal than in proximal levels, in old age and in disease. Although increased endoneurial fluid may play a role in resistance to ischaemic block it appears that the intrinsic metabolic properties of the neural tissue itself are most important. PMID- 6984387 TI - Amniotic fluid levels of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone during human pregnancy: pre natal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Levels of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were estimated by radioimmunoassay in 174 amniotic fluid specimens obtained from 162 normal pregnancies of 16-20 weeks gestation. Another 18 specimens from 11 normal pregnancies between 25-42 weeks gestation and 7 specimens from 7 women who each previously had given birth to a child affected with CAH were also studied. There was no sex difference in AF 17 alpha-OH-progesterone levels, nor any significant downward trend in concentrations throughout the observed gestation period. Among the 7 subjects with previous history of CAH offsprings, 4 demonstrated normal levels of AF 17 alpha-OH-progesterone and 3 significantly higher values. HLA-typing of the cultivated amniotic cells confirmed these 4 cases to be heterozygous for 21 hydroxylase deficiency. The three subjects with high AF 17 alpha-OH-progesterone levels delivered babies affected with CAH, although HLA-typing in one case was non-conclusive. The failure of HLA-typing in 1 case for a confirmatory diagnosis indicates that the prenatal diagnosis of CAH must continue to rest on joint endocrinological and genetical investigations. PMID- 6984388 TI - A rapid technique for isolation of viable tumor cells from solid tumors: use of the tumor cells for induction and measurement of cell-mediated cytotoxic responses. AB - A rapid and simple technique for the isolation of viable tumor cells from human and mouse solid neoplasms is described. It consists of a 5 to 10-min treatment with trypsin-collagenase-DNase mixture, followed by mechanical disaggregation of the tumor tissue and subsequently by a brief centrifugation on a discontinuous Percoll gradient. With the tumors employed, this procedure usually requires less than 1 hr and results in preparations comprising greater than 80% tumor cells with viability of 80-90%. Cell-mediated cytotoxic response was measured with: (a) unsensitized lymphocytes freshly obtained from tumor-bearing hosts; (b) lymphocytes propagated in culture with T cell growth factor; and (c) lymphocytes stimulated in cocultures with autologous or syngeneic tumor cells. The cytotoxic activity was assessed in a modified [51Cr]-release assay adapted for solid tumor cells, allowing a long incubation period (24 hr) and the use of a low number (200 1000) of highly labeled target cells (2-10 counts/min/cell). PMID- 6984389 TI - Lysis of allogeneic human lymphocytes by nonspecifically activated T-like cells. AB - In the generation of cytotoxic effector cells specific for influenza A virus infected lymphocytes, three donors have given an unusual pattern of lytic activity, killing HLA-mismatched target cells. This has been analyzed in detail for one donor and one of the other two shows similar results. Activation only requires culture in medium between 1 and 4 days and parallels development of cell line K562-directed natural killer cells. Target lymphocytes do not need to be virus-infected and appear to be normal lymphocytes. The effector cells carry the surface markers T3 and T8 defined by OKT3/anti-Leu4 and OKT8/anti-Leu2a monoclonal antibodies, respectively. Unlike HLA class 1-restricted or -directed cytotoxic T cells, neither anti-Leu2a/nor anti-Leu4 blocked killing in the absence of complement. MHM23, a monoclonal antibody specific for the human lymphocyte function antigen, blocked lysis. The results indicate that these effector cells are related to cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but can lyse allogeneic target cells through a different recognition process. There is some specificity because autologous cells were not killed. PMID- 6984390 TI - Selective inhibition of antigen-induced "step one" in cytotoxic T lymphocytes by anti-Lyt-2 antibodies. AB - Stimulation of mixed lymphocyte cultures with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated stimulator cells leads to selective activation of Lyt-2+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) to acquire interleukin 2 (IL2) reactivity: (a) no proliferative response, nor IL2 production was observed in these cultures; (b) upon addition of preformed IL2-conditioned media (IL2-CM), a vigorous proliferative response was observed; (c) the IL2-dependent proliferation was reduced by approximately 90% after depletion of Lyt-2+ responder cells; and (d) specific CTL were generated upon the initial triggering by UV-irradiated stimulators and IL2 expansion. This system therefore provides suitable conditions for studying the role of Lyt-2 antigens in initial, antigen-specific induction of CTL-P, as well as at their effector phase. It is shown herein that monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 antibodies inhibit antigen-specific acquisition of IL2 reactivity by CTL-P, which results in 85% reduction of the proliferative response mediated by IL2-CM. CTL-P which have been induced by antigen to IL2 reactivity, prior to addition of anti-Lyt-2 antibodies, however, are not affected in their IL2 dependent proliferation. Furthermore, both the specific and lectin-dependent cytolytic activity of effector CTL generated by UV-irradiated stimulators and IL2 CM is blocked by addition of anti-Lyt-2 antibodies in the cytotoxicity assay. The implications of these findings for the role of Lyt-2 antigen in antigen recognition by T cells are discussed. PMID- 6984391 TI - The immune response against anti-idiotope antibodies. I. Induction of idiotope bearing antibodies and analysis of the idiotope repertoire. AB - In the present analysis we dissect the idiotype repertoire, independently of hapten-binding specificity, by immunizing different strains of mice with cross linked monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies against antibody B1-8. B1-8 is a monoclonal antibody with specificity for the hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitro phenyl)acetyl (NP) and carries a germ line gene-encoded variable region. The results demonstrate that the expression of B1-8 idiotopes and their association with each other and with NP-binding specificity are strain-specific. Certain idiotopes are expressed on antibodies differing in antigen-binding specificity, whereas one of the idiotopes appears strictly associated with NP-binding antibodies. The genetic analysis provides strong evidence that the strain specificity of the idiotope repertoire is a result of V region polymorphism in the mouse. PMID- 6984392 TI - Comparative effects of bepridil and verapamil on isolated coronary and systemic vascular and cardiac muscle. AB - The relaxant effects of the antianginal agent bepridil, a drug with calcium antagonistic actions, and verapamil on isolated pig coronary (C) and rabbit aortic (A) smooth muscle were compared. Both drugs competitively antagonised calcium in Tris buffered but not in bicarbonate buffered medium. Both agents relaxed K+-depolarised C and inhibited contractile responses to noradrenaline plus anoxia. Bepridil was approximately 10 fold less potent than verapamil. The two drugs exerted similar calcium antagonistic effects in guinea pig papillary muscle but showed dissimilar profiles in atrial muscle in that responses in the presence of bepridil appeared to be frequency dependent. It is concluded that bepridil inhibits responses to anoxia and competitively antagonises calcium in vascular smooth muscle. On atrial tissue, bepridil, unlike verapamil, appears to exert additional actions possibly involving other ion channels. PMID- 6984393 TI - Erythroid-potentiating activity: characterization and target cells. AB - We established a human T-lymphoblast cell line (Mo) that produces factors stimulating the proliferation of hematopoietic cells. These include a colony stimulating factor for normal human granulocytes and macrophages, and a factor with erythroid-potentiating activity (EPA) that enhances the proliferation of normal human erythroid progenitors in vitro. Erythroid-potentiating activity has been partially purified and characterized. It is an acidic glycoprotein of 45,000 daltons molecular weight and it has remarkable heat stability. Erythroid potentiating activity is physically separable from the colony-stimulating factor. Partially purified EPA was found to stimulate the proliferation of human K-562 and murine Friend erythroleukemia cells. These erythroleukemia cell lines may therefore prove useful for studying the action of EPA on target cells. Erythroid potentiating factors from other human and murine sources stimulated erythroleukemia cell proliferation in a manner indicating some species restriction. Purification and structural analysis of the EPA molecule will ultimately be required in order to determine the details of its biologic action and to define its relationship to other erythropoietic factors. PMID- 6984394 TI - Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis): immunopathology. PMID- 6984395 TI - Degradation of short-lived proteins is decreased by centrifugation. AB - We have examined the effects of enucleation and of inhibitors of mRNA synthesis (actinomycin D and cordycepin) on protein turnover of HeLa cells. Enucleation markedly inhibited the rate of protein degradation for short-lived proteins. However, cells centrifuged in the absence of cytochalasin B at the speed required to obtain cytoplasts showed protein degradation rates identical to those of cytoplasts, while inhibitors of mRNA synthesis did not affect the process. Although enucleation may affect degradation of specific proteins, these results suggest that centrifugation is largely responsible for the inhibition of protein degradation in cytoplasts. PMID- 6984396 TI - [Hypotonic hemorrhage in the early puerperium]. PMID- 6984397 TI - [B-lymphocyte stimulation by mitogenic serum factors and by stale lymphocyte cultures in patients with psoriatic arthropathy]. PMID- 6984398 TI - Avian lymphokines, II: interleukin-1 activity in supernatants of stimulated adherent splenocytes of chickens. PMID- 6984399 TI - B lymphocytes in the australian brush-tailed opossum Trichosurus vulpecula. PMID- 6984400 TI - Karyotypic findings and prognosis of adult T-cell leukemia patients. AB - Twelve patients with abnormal karyotypes out of 18 patients with adult T-cell leukemia died within 5 months on average after initial diagnosis; in contrast, three patients with normal karyotypes are still alive without having received any cancer chemotherapy at 12 to 21 months after diagnosis. The significance of the chromosome abnormality is discussed. PMID- 6984401 TI - Epidemiological analysis of the distribution of antibody to adult T-cell leukemia virus-associated antigen: possible horizontal transmission of adult T-cell leukemia virus. AB - About 20% of healthy inhabitants in the endemic area of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Nagasaki Prefecture showed a positive antibody to adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV)-associated antigen (ATLA), while none of the inhabitants in a non-endemic area in Aichi Prefecture showed a positive anti ATLA. The age-specific positive rate of anti-ATLA in the endemic area increased with age, especially in females. The positive rate of anti-ATLA among inhabitants older than 40 years was 21% in males and 36% in females. From epidemiological analyses of the mode of anti-ATLA reactivity among married couples and some family members and relatives with positive and negative anti-ATLA, two routes of transmission of ATLV were suggested. One route is from parents to children, either vertically or horizontally, and the other route is horizontal transmission between spouses, especially from husband to wife. The presence of some vectors of ATLV in the endemic area of ATL is discussed. PMID- 6984402 TI - [Hepatitis due to erythromycin ethylsuccinate]. PMID- 6984404 TI - [HCG and SP-1 in normal pregnancy and in high-risk early pregnancy]. AB - For the prognosis in early pregnancies associated with vaginal bleeding ultra sonography and bio-chemical methods are prominent today. In a retrospective study of 90 determinations of both chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and SP-1 (pregnancy specific protein-1, TGB PS beta G) the prognostic value of these two glyco proteins synthesized in the trophoblast were compared. Both parameters were reliable for the prognosis of threatened abortion, correlated well with each other and showed excellent statistical results regarding sensitivity, specificity and prognostic value regarding abortion or a chance for continuation of the pregnancy. Both were very efficient. These results show that HCG and SP-1 are equally well suited for the serial evaluation of trophoblast function in early pregnancy. Their value compared to ultra-sonography needs further studies. PMID- 6984403 TI - [Severe pregnancy hemostasis disorders: diagnosis and therapeutic procedures]. AB - We evaluated 21 pregnant patients with severe disorders of haemostasis by retrospective chart analyses, 15 patients were treated with intravenous heparin (10.000 to 20.000 I.U.) during and after surgery. Eighteen of 21 patients developed renal failure and 8 died. Postoperative bleeding complications making laparotomies mandatory occurred in 10 patients. These bleeding complications are seen in relation to the heparin treatment instituted immediately after surgery. We do not favor the administration of heparin during the immediate obstetrical postoperative period, the more as Antithrombin III-concentrate is now available. Surgical intervention in order to achieve haemostasis is of paramount therapeutic importance. Drainage of infections remains furthermore the most important task in those obstetrical emergency cases where infections play a predominant role. To maintain or to re-establish the normovolemic perfusion ameliorates the rheological conditions which should monitored with care. PMID- 6984406 TI - [The modern approach to upper gastrointestinal bleeding]. PMID- 6984405 TI - [B, T and null lymphocytes in threatened abortion]. PMID- 6984407 TI - [Early evaluation of aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6984408 TI - [Acute gastroenteritis as the presenting sign in children with hemolytic uremic syndrome]. PMID- 6984409 TI - [Modification of the non-shunting operation for bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 6984410 TI - [Analgesic-antipyretic agents: which one?]. PMID- 6984412 TI - [Evaluation of the significance of immune complexes in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6984411 TI - [Portasystemic shunt versus conservative treatment of bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 6984413 TI - Isolation of a high molecular mass granulocyte colony-stimulating factor from bovine lung conditioned medium. AB - A high molecular mass type of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF-F) from bovine lung tissue produced by fibroblasts was isolated and partially purified by a four-step procedure. Following ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography, CSF-F was more than 200 fold enriched. CSF-F was found to be a glycoprotein of approximately 68 kDa with an isoelectric point of 4.0-5.2. It did not lose its biological activity after neuraminidase treatment. Gel-filtration behavior of desialo-CSF-F was not changed. PMID- 6984414 TI - PI (alpha 1-Antitrypsin) subtypes: frequency of PI*M4 in several populations. AB - Sera from different populations (Dutch, Northern and Southern Italians and Spaniards) were screened for PI (alpha 1-antitrypsin) types and subtypes. A polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing method was applied, which consisted of the combined use of an ultra-thin highly cross-linked gel, restricted pH range carrier ampholytes and a separator. This technique enabled easy typing and subtyping of all known PI phenotypes including PI*M subtypes. The frequency of the new PI*M4 allele was lowest of all PI*M alleles (0.0476 in The Netherlands, 0.0371 in Northern Italy, 0.0308 in Southern Italy and 0.0146 in Spain). PMID- 6984415 TI - A foetal alpha-1 antitrypsin which resembles PI*I. PMID- 6984417 TI - Adjuvant action of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to protein antigens. II. Relationships of intensity of the action to that of other immunological activities. AB - Various kinds of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from different bacterial strains exhibited more or less an adjuvant action in induction of delayed-type footpad response to ovalbumin (OA) in mice when antigen was injected subcutaneously together with LPS. There was a wide diversity in strength of the adjuvant action of LPS, and the action of the 03 antigen isolated from the culture supernatant fluid of Klebsiella was the most potent of eleven kinds of LPS tested. Besides this substance, LPS extracted from Escherichia coli 08, 09 and 0128, and Salmonella typhosa exhibited relatively strong action. The difference in strength of the action of the high and low active LPS in induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity could be observed at any doses of OA and LPS. The strength of the adjuvant activity of LPS in induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity roughly correlated with that of their adjuvant activity in augmenting immunological memory for the secondary antibody response to OA and also their ability to enlarge the regional lymph node, whereas it did not apparently correlate with that of their activity to stimulate B cells polyclonally and their ability to enlarge the spleen. PMID- 6984416 TI - A comitogenic serum glycoprotein in T lymphocyte activation. AB - The production of Interleukin-2 is induced in helper cells, probably of T-cell origin, after stimulation by Interleukin-1. PHA is known to induce production of Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-2 in human PBL. We observed that PHA-induced mitogenesis in PBL requires the presence of a 90-KD-serum glycoprotein, which we were able to distinguish from other known serum proteins of similar molecular weight. Its biological activity can be destroyed by removal of its sialic acid residues. Evidence presented in this paper indicates that the function of this protein is related to the induction of synthesis and/or release of Interleukin-2. The presence of PHA does not seem to be essential at the level of Interleukin-2 production; the glycoprotein is able to induce Interleukin-2 in cooperation with a soluble mediator, which is produced by adherent cells. This mediator causes T cell mitogenesis in PBL, provided serum or the 90-KD glycoprotein is present in the culture. It is not able to support the growth of a CTL line. We suggest the name PHILIP (Plasmatic Human Interleukin-2-Inducing Protein) for the 90-KD molecule. PMID- 6984418 TI - Immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporin A in two lymphocyte transfer models in rats: comparison of in vivo and in vitro treatment. AB - The immunosuppressive effect of CS-A was first studied in the assay for local GvHR. 3 X 10(6) viable spleen cells from LEW rats were injected into one foot pad of LEW X BN hybrids and both PLN were weighed 7 days later. Treatment of the recipients with 3 doses of 50 mg/kg/day of CS-A suppressed this local GvHR. The effect was more pronounced when treatment started at the time of cell transfer rather than a few days before peak response. In vitro incubation of the cellular inoculum with CS-A also prevented local GvHR. Histology of the PLN confirmed the quantitative results expressed by the PLN index. CS-A was further investigated in the EAE model in LEW rats. It protected rats sensitised with spinal cord emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant for as long as they were treated with CS A. Treatment delayed until after the appearance of EAE also markedly improved their condition. Oral treatment of recipients with 50 mg/kg/day CS-A prevented the development of adoptive EAE following the transfer of lymphoid cells conditioned in vitro. The presence of 0.1-1.0 microgram CS-A in the medium of the sensitised lymphoid cells also inhibited the adoptive transfer of EAE. Finally, if the cells for the adoptive transfer were derived from CS-A-treated sensitised donors, they failed to induce EAE. Histological examination supported the symptomatic findings. PMID- 6984419 TI - Antibody formation in mouse bone marrow during secondary type responses to various thymus-independent antigens. AB - The data presented in this paper show that different thymus-independent (TI) antigens have a differential capacity of inducing antibody formation in mouse bone marrow, both after primary and secondary intravenous immunization. Primary immunization with certain TI antigens (e.g., lipopolysaccharide [LPS], TNP-LPS, DNP-Ficoll) induces the appearance of antibody-forming cells not only in the spleen, but also in the bone marrow. A single injection of certain other TI antigens (e.g., pneumococci [Pn], TNP-conjugated detoxified LPS [TNP-dLPS], TNP conjugated Brucella abortus bacteria [TNP-BA] ), on the other hand, induces antibody formation in the spleen only. After secondary immunization with these TI antigens only TNP-BA induces a PFC response in the bone marrow. Pn, TNP-dLPS and TNP-BA, but also DNP-Ficoll, are unable to induce bone marrow antibody formation after secondary injection of the antigen, in spite of the clear-cut secondary type character of the splenic response. Thus, the absence of a bone marrow PFC response after secondary immunization with these antigens is not due to a failure to induce memory B cells. This data implies that either two subpopulations of memory B cells exist, one giving rise to antibody formation in the spleen and the other accounting for the bone marrow response, or that antibody can selectively inhibit the secondary bone marrow antibody response to certain TI antigens. PMID- 6984420 TI - Rat macrophages inhibit natural killer (NK) cell activity against adherent growing target cells. AB - Peritoneal as well as peripheral blood, but not spleen macrophages inhibit natural killer (NK) cell activity directed against adherent growing target cells. Inhibition was observed with macrophages (Mo): spleen cell ratios as low as 0.01:1. It was independent from the activation status of Mo and was not MHC restricted. With respect to the mechanism, cell contact was essential. A cold target mechanism, reflected by some binding, but not killing, of NK cells by Mo was of minor influence. Spontaneously by Mo released soluble mediators could be excluded, nor was any soluble mediator released upon contact of Mo with spleen cells, but NK activity could be partly inhibited by supernatants from cocultures of Mo with adherent growing target cells. PMID- 6984421 TI - Purification of human monocytes by adherence to polymeric fluorocarbon. Characterization of the monocyte-enriched cell fraction. AB - Human mononuclear cells were obtained from peripheral blood by density gradients. Monocytes can be purified after cultivation of 2 hours by a modified adherence procedure on membranes of gas-permeable polymeric fluorocarbon (teflon). After further cultivation of 24-48 hours, monocyte-enriched cell fraction can be easily detached from the membranes with a viability greater than 98% and a final cell yield of approximately 50% of the peripheral monocyte count. The cells showed the morphological and cytochemical characteristics of human monocytes and differentiated into dense monolayers of macrophages within 10 days of cultivation. Immune-autoradiography with iodine-125-labelled xenogeneic antimonocytic antisera and staining with several monoclonal antisera in an indirect immunofluorescence technique revealed up to 92% of these cells to carry monocytic characteristics. To show their functional integrity, monocytes obtained by this procedure were activated by 48 hours' cultivation with synthetic alkyl lysophospholipids to inhibit the proliferation of autologous tumor cells. PMID- 6984423 TI - C3c and C3d fragments of human C3 bind myeloma IgG1 and IgG3 proteins. AB - Eight human myeloma proteins, two of each IgG subclass, were studied for binding to solid-phase C3c and C3d by the ELISA technique. Myeloma IgG1 kappa, IgG1 lambda, IgG3 kappa and IgG3 lambda proteins bound to C3c and C3d, while two IgG2 kappa, and two IgG4 kappa proteins failed to show significant binding affinity. The results suggest that like C1q, the stable binding sites of C3, located on the C3c and C3d parts of the molecule, have affinity for IgG subclasses 1 and 3. PMID- 6984422 TI - Carrageenans, highly sulfated polysaccharides and macrophage-toxic agents: newly found human T lymphocyte mitogens. AB - We obtained the following results, using carrageenans (CGNs) of three types (kappa, lambda and iota), macrophage-toxic agents. 1. CGNs were toxic to human monocytes, cytotoxicity varying from 40% to 60%, as judged by trypan blue dye exclusion test. 2. CGNs were proved to be newly found mitogens for human T cells, whereas CGNs are polyclonal B-cell activators in mice and induced DNA synthesis that peaked at days 6 or 7. In addition, iota CGN induced an early peak of 3H thymidine uptake at day 1, which found out to be cytoplasmic uptake of 3H thymidine. 3. Only lambda and iota CGN induced slightly higher DNA synthesis in purified B cells, but both failed to induce polyclonal antibody synthesis in B cells. 4. In spite of the fact the CGNs are macrophage-toxic agents, CGNs could induce Il-1 production by the surviving monocytes. Thus CGN-induced human T-cell activation requires a relatively smaller number of monocytes. 5. The mitogenic responses of T cells induced by kappa, lambda and iota CGN were significantly inhibited by cyclosporin A (CyA) treatment (250 ng/ml) and Con A and PHA responses were also inhibited by CyA addition. It was concluded that CGNs were newly found human T-cell mitogens, which is in sharp contrast with polyclonal B cell activators in mice, and the mechanism of T-cell activation induced by CGNs was the same as that by Con A or PHA, though there may be another possibility of inhibition mechanism by CyA. PMID- 6984424 TI - A monoclonal antibody to the HLA-A3 alloantigen. AB - Monoclonal antibody production recognizing the HLA-A3 antigen is described. The XI-23 antibody reacted with all of the 89 cell suspensions carrying the HLA-A3 antigen (100% cytotoxicity) among a total of 191 suspensions tested. No extra reactivity or cross-reactivity was observed, particularly with that of HLA-A11. This antibody can thus be considered as a good HLA-typing reagent. PMID- 6984425 TI - Role of neutralizing antibodies and T-cells in pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus infection in congenitally athymic mice. AB - Congenitally athymic nude mice were infected with 10(4) p.f.u. herpes simplex type 1 (strain SC16). Following the passive transfer of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (AP7, AP8 and AP12) it was observed that AP7 alone reduced the virus infectivity in the nervous system; AP8 and AP12 failed to protect mice probably due to poor in vivo binding to the neutralization site on the virus. Latent ganglionic infection could be established in nude mice following adoptive transfer of optimum number (2 x 10(7) cells/mouse) of immune lymph node cells from day 7 herpes virus-infected hairy immunocompetent donor mice. Moreover, in some of the immune lymph node cell protected nudes, latency could be maintained even in complete absence of neutralizing antibodies. Results of ear-ablation experiments revealed that removal of primary source of infection after day 5 of infection reduced the amount of virus in the ganglia and spinal cord. Acute neurological infection was not detected following transfer of protective anti-gp D neutralizing antibody (LP2) in combination with removal of infected pinna. These data suggest that continuous seeding of virus occurs in related ganglia via the axonal route from infected ear pinna. It appears that local T-cell-mediated immune mechanisms are involved in maintenance of latency. PMID- 6984426 TI - Serum-mediated suppression of E-RFC levels in leprosy & reversal by fetal calf serum. PMID- 6984428 TI - A study of tuberculosis in BCG vaccinated children. PMID- 6984427 TI - Wide spread iron deficiency anemia in India-its causes. PMID- 6984429 TI - Protective value of BCG vaccine. PMID- 6984430 TI - Tuberculosis in BCG vaccinated children. PMID- 6984431 TI - BCG in childhood tuberculosis. PMID- 6984432 TI - Autoinduction of differentiation in WEHI-3B leukemia cells. AB - Cells of the differentiation-responsive mouse myelomonocytic leukemia cell line WEHI-3B D+ form colonies in agar exhibiting a low frequency of spontaneous differentiation mainly in the macrophage pathway. Compared with undifferentiated colonies, spontaneously differentiating colonies have a reduced content of clonogenic cells and surviving clonogenic cells tend themselves to form differentiating colonies, both being characteristics of differentiated colonies induced by the regulator, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF. Colony crowding increased the frequency of spontaneously differentiating colonies and WEHI-3B D+ colony cells were shown to release material able to induce differentiation in WEHI-3B D+ colonies. Cells from spontaneously differentiating D+ colonies were not hyperresponsive to the induction of differentiation by G-CSF and did not release larger amounts of differentiation-inducing material than did cells from undifferentiated colonies. Cells of the differentiation-unresponsive WEHI-3B D-line produced similar amounts of differentiation-inducing material to those produced by D+ cells. Apparently spontaneous differentiation in WEHI-3B D+ colonies seems most likely to be due to exposure of the colony-forming cell or its ancestors to a differentiation-inducing factor of WEHI-3B origin prior to culture in agar, the genetic program initiating differentiation being inherited by the progeny of the exposed cell. PMID- 6984433 TI - Phytohemagglutinin inhibits phorbol diester promotion of UV-irradiation initiated transformation in Syrian hamster embryo cells. AB - Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or either of its isolectins, erythroagglutinin or leukoagglutinin, causes a dose-dependent decrease in 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate (TPA)-promoted transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells, but has no effect on transformation induced by ultraviolet irradiation. The ineffectiveness of concanavalin A indicates that not every lectin inhibits TPA. Galactose, a dominant sugar in receptors for PHA binding, reverses the inhibition of TPA promotion caused by PHA but galactose does not inhibit TPA promotion itself. Therefore, the TPA and PHA binding sites are functionally discrete. The PHA inhibition of TPA-promoted transformation is reversible because PHA is only effective if present with TPA, whereas lymphotoxin, an immunologic hormone, has a persistent anti-carcinogenic effect, regardless of whether it is added before or after TPA. PHA in conjunction with lymphotoxin causes additional inhibition of TPA-promoted transformation. PHA and lymphotoxin affect the biological activity of TPA by diverse mechanisms. Lymphotoxin alters the physiological state of the cell, causing a change in the cellular response to TPA. PHA may affect either the binding of TPA to a critical cellular receptor for promotion or a later step in promotion. PMID- 6984435 TI - Intestinal cell radiosensitivity: a comparison for cell death assayed by apoptosis or by a loss of clonogenicity. AB - Apoptotic and reproductive cell death have been assayed in the crypt of the small intestine. These two approaches result in survival curves with mean lethal doses (D0) that differ by a factor of 10. Widely differing doses and times of assay post-irradiation were used for the assays employing apoptosis in one case and clonogenicity in the other. The results obtained by the two approaches are compared. It is concluded that the cells that die via apoptosis represent a very sensitive subpopulation of the crypt (about 6 cells per crypt) that may or may not be clonogenic. Most clonogenic cells die at a later time by some other mechanism. If the apoptoses represent dead clonogenic cells they must be either a very sensitive subpopulation or, as deduced here, a subpopulation which is part of a uniformly resistant population of cells when clonogenicity is considered, but which is very sensitive to an early form of death. PMID- 6984434 TI - Cell death (apoptosis) in the mouse small intestine after low doses: effects of dose-rate, 14.7 MeV neutrons, and 600 MeV (maximum energy) neutrons. AB - The production of dead (apoptotic) cells by low doses of gamma-rays was independent of dose-rate between 0.27 and 450 cGy per min. The r.b.e. for doses of 14.7 MeV neutrons between 1 and 15 cGy was about 4, and for neutrons generated by bombarding a beryllium target with 600 MeV protons the r.b.e. was about 2.7. The dose-incidence curves for all three radiation types reached a plateau at about 3-4 dead cells per crypt section, and this occurred at about 20-40 cGy of gamma-rays. These curves are compatible with exponential survival of the cell population at risk (D0 of 24 cGy for gamma-rays, 6 cGy for 14.7 MeV neutrons and 9 cGy for 600 MeV neutrons). Since the dose-response is exponential there is no indication of much higher r.b.e. values at very low doses, a point of concern in radiation protection. The spatial distribution of dead cells in the crypt was similar after doses of gamma-rays or neutrons, indicating that the same population of target cells was affected in both cases. PMID- 6984437 TI - Immunity in late juvenile and young adult Japanese quail as related to microwave radiation during embryogeny. PMID- 6984436 TI - X-irradiation affects all DNA replication intermediates when inhibiting replication initiation. PMID- 6984438 TI - Cell cycle dependence of mitotic delay in X-irradiated normal and ataxia telangiectasia fibroblasts. AB - The delay in progression of X-irradiated cells through the cell cycle, which is more pronounced in normal (N) than in A-T fibroblasts, is greatest for cells in G2 at the time of irradiation. The greater effect of radiation on the initiation of DNA synthesis in N than in A-T cells is reflected in the shape of the percent labelled mitosis curves after 3H-thymidine treatment. The duration of the S phase in unirradiated A-T cells is greater than in N cells. Any explanation of the underlying defect in A-T must account not only for the reduced radiosensitivity of DNA synthesis but for the lesser delay in G2. Our data support the hypothesis that DNA is the principal target for radiation-induced G2 delay. PMID- 6984439 TI - Post-irradiation defects in newly synthesized DNA: neutrons and electrons compared and the effect of misonidazole. PMID- 6984440 TI - Ascorbic acid in schistosomiasis mansoni with or without digestive haemorrhage. AB - The authors studied the variations of ascorbic acid levels in white blood cells and plasma by Denson-Bowers' method in 20 normal individuals (Group I) and 36 schistosoma patients with hepatosplenic disease with and without gastrointestinal haemorrhage (Groups II and III, including 18 patients each). Having submitted the results to statistical analysis with a probability rate of 95%, the authors concluded that, while no significant difference could be seen between Groups I, II and III in ascorbic acid levels in white blood cells, there was a significant decrease in plasma ascorbic acid levels of Group III as compared with Groups I and II. PMID- 6984441 TI - Adjuvant systemic therapy after ablative surgery for limb osteosarcoma. PMID- 6984442 TI - Seasonal changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in Jerusalem. AB - Seasonal variations were observed for fasting total plasma cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), estimated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the ratio of HDL-C to total cholesterol (TC), measured in 5,244 middle-aged men and women in Jerusalem. HDL-C was highest in winter and lowest in summer, and triglycerides showed a mirror image of this pattern. TC and LDL-C followed a more complex wave form, levels of these being high in the winter, decreasing to a trough in the summer and increasing rapidly to a peak in the autumn. The ratio of HDL-C to TC was lowest in early autumn and highest in winter and early spring. There were two- to fivefold changes in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and high LDL-C according to the season of examination. These findings imply that clinicians should take season into account when diagnosing hyperlipidemia and when evaluating apparent success or failure in its treatment. Studies of lipid distributions and of interventions aimed at lipid modification need to consider the potentially confounding effects of season. PMID- 6984443 TI - Team care for patients with chronic rheumatic disease. AB - Team care is commonly used in the management of patients with chronic rheumatic disease. The specialization of team members can improve patient care and increase efficiency. By enhancing patient rapport and providing optimal opportunities to reinforce instructions, team integration can provide further advantages. In addition, integrated team care can reduce obstacles to compliance, improve patient attitudes, decrease conflicts between treatment goals of various team members, and increase opportunities for feedback among team members. Guidelines are offered for the formation and operation of a rheumatology team. PMID- 6984444 TI - Ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae--test methods for the activity of acylureidopenicillins, cephamycins and new cephalosporins. PMID- 6984445 TI - Inactivation of isoxazolyl penicillins by beta-lactamases. PMID- 6984446 TI - Involvement of multiple subcellular compartments in intracellular processing of epidermal growth factor. AB - The intracellular translocation and processing of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in 3T3 cells has been studied utilizing Percoll density gradients. EGF is internalized and rapidly becomes associated with two types of intracellular compartments. The extent to which EGF is delivered to these two compartments is apparently regulated depending upon the cell's physiological condition. In growth medium, an increased proportion of EGF is taken up into a Golgi-like element. Uptake through this pathway correlates with a decrease in degradation of the ligand. In the absence of serum and amino acids, an increased proportion of EGF is taken up into a component which has a density of 1.05. Uptake through this pathway correlates with increased degradation of the ligand. The ligand taken up through both pathways is transferred to dense vesicles which comigrate with lysosomes. In the presence of growth medium, however, dense vesicles containing EGF can be shown to be lysosomal enzyme-deficient upon further fractionation. In addition, in the presence of serum, a portion of the internalized EGF is apparently released from the cells, intact, and then re-bound. The processes described may be important in the production of a mitogenic response and the ability of cells to self-regulate their responsiveness to the growth factor. PMID- 6984447 TI - Comparison of rat hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis during skim milk versus whey permeate ingestion. AB - Whey permeate is an ultrafiltrate of whey that is devoid of protein but contains lactose, salts, and other soluble low molecular weight compounds. These experiments compared cholesterol concentrations of blood plasma, hepatic lipids, and hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis of rats ingesting skim milk powder versus whey permeate powder. Groups of young male rats weighing 90 to 92 g were fed a casein-based diet into which skim milk powder or whey permeate powder was incorporated isocalorically. No effects of skim milk or whey permeate on plasma cholesterol concentrations were observed at any time during 5-wk of feeding. However, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl co-enzyme A reductase activity was increased by either skim milk or whey permeate feeding. Hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid concentrations at wk 5 were unchanged. Plasma and hepatic cholesterol responses of rats to whey permeate ingestion are similar to those that occur with skim milk consumption, and plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations do not reflect necessarily an increase in hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. PMID- 6984448 TI - Socialization into marijuana use among French adolescents: a cross-cultural comparison with the United States. PMID- 6984449 TI - [Localization of neurons innervating vibrissae in the mouse in the Gasserian ganglion: retrograde peroxidase transport study and morphometric analysis]. AB - Two methods were used in an attempt to localize within the trigeminal ganglion the neurons whose axons innervate mouse mystacial vibrissae. First, the loss in the bulk area occupied by neuronal cell bodies in the ophthalmo-maxillary part of the ganglion in two-month old mice, whose vibrissae follicles were coagulated unilaterally at birth, was evaluated morphometrically in four sectors of each section. Secondly, neurons labelled by the injection of peroxidase in the vibrissae follicles of adult mice were localized in the ganglion. The results indicate that the neurons which ensure the sensitive innervation of the vibrissae are situated in the median area of the ophthalmo-maxillary part of the ganglion, extending more rostrally than caudally, mainly in ventral position. A certain degree of somatotopy is demonstrated by the comparative study of neurons labelled by the injection of peroxidase in the anterior or posterior follicles. The neurons which correspond to the anterior vibrissae are mainly ventral, while they are both dorsal and ventral for the posterior vibrissae. PMID- 6984450 TI - A rapid rosette technique for quantitation and separation of mononuclear cell subsets using monoclonal antibodies. AB - We present a rapid and simple method for simultaneous quantitation and separation of mononuclear cell (MNC) subsets. When lymphoid cells are sensitized with monoclonal antibodies of the OK and Leu series, they rapidly form rosettes with ox erythrocytes (ORBC) coated with affinity-purified rabbit IgG against mouse IgG. Rosette-forming cells (RFC) may then be counted and separated from non rosetting MNC by Isopaque-Ficoll gradient centrifugation. The yield and viability are close to 100% after ORBC lysis. Adherent cells do not interfere. Isolated T8+ and Leu3a+ cells were further tested: the purity was 97-99%, and the cells were functionally intact with respect to their modulating activity on the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells by MNC after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen. PMID- 6984451 TI - Chromatofocusing as a tool for the characterization and partial purification of human interleukin-2. AB - Human interleukin-2 (IL2) has been characterized and partially purified with a sequence of chromatofocusing, gel filtration and SDS-PAGE analysis. IL2 when tested in a [3H]thymidine incorporation assay by human IL2-dependent T cells, appeared to have a MW of 25,000 as determined by Ultrogel ACA 54 gel filtration. Chromatofocusing of an 80% ammonium sulfate precipitate from crude conditioned medium yielded 4 peaks of activity corresponding to fractions of pH 7.65, 7.28, 6.72 and 6.58. Neuraminidase treatment of IL2 prior to chromatofocusing reduced its charge heterogeneity to a single peak of activity at pH 7.63. IL2 which had been treated with neuraminidase, purified by chromatofocusing, radioiodinated and further separated by gel filtration was subjected to SDS gel electrophoresis. We observed a band, migrating in the 15,000 region which only occurred in the active fractions and which we tentatively identified as IL2. These findings indicate that the purification procedure described is appropriate to the characterization and preparation of quantities of human IL2. PMID- 6984452 TI - [Influence of aging on aorto-coronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 6984454 TI - Confidentiality of medical records. An overview of concepts and legal policies. PMID- 6984453 TI - [Detection of T cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG in patients with gastric cancer]. PMID- 6984455 TI - Perspectives on health planning. A state view. PMID- 6984456 TI - Expanding the minor's right to consent to non-emergency health care. A psycho legal rationale. PMID- 6984457 TI - The insanity defense. A review of recent statutory changes. PMID- 6984458 TI - [Treatment of bleeding esophageal varices by esophageal transection with E.E.A. instrument]. PMID- 6984462 TI - Elevation of colony stimulating factors in mouse serum after injection of PSK, an antitumor polysaccharide. AB - The level of colony stimulating factors (CSF) in mouse serum was elevated by a single intraperitoneal injection of PSK, a host-mediated antitumor protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from Basidiomycetes. The assay for CSF activity was performed by employing a semisolid methylcellulose culture method using mouse bone marrow cells, and the activity was estimated by an equation well matched with the dose response curve obtained in the CSF assay. A temporary increase of CSF activity within 10 h after the injection of an antitumor polysaccharide, Krestin (PSK) (250-1000 mg/kg) was followed by a fast decline in the activity, but no significant increases were detected in the cases of 62.5 and 125 mg/kg PSK injections. The CSF activity in PSK (500 mg/kg)-treated mouse serum was separated into two active fractions by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography, and both fractions were found to induce colonies comprised of cells with the properties of macrophage in regard to morphology, cytochemistry of non-specific esterase, phagocytic function and expression of Fc receptors on the cell surface. The elevation of the serum CSF level due to administration of so-called host-mediated antitumor agents might be one of the tumor-defense mechanisms in vivo. PMID- 6984459 TI - [Lower intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6984461 TI - Positron emission tomography for estimation of cerebrospinal fluid absorption by the occupancy principle. PMID- 6984460 TI - Diagnostic and prognostic features of tuberculous meningitis on CT scanning. AB - CT scans of 34 patients with severe tuberculous meningitis were reviewed. These patients were subsequently followed for a minimum period of nine months. Several diagnostic and prognostic features on CT scanning are discussed. PMID- 6984464 TI - From Still's disease and JRA to JCPA, JCA, and JA: medical progress or biased ascertainment? PMID- 6984463 TI - Contact with specific surfaces stimulates the production of the second component of complement (C2) in human peripheral blood monocytes via a lymphocyte factor. AB - Whole mononuclear cells plated on surfaces coated with the polymer, poly (2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly-HEMA) produced significantly less C2 when compared to production by cells on tissue culture plastic dishes. The reduction in C2 production was dependent on the amount of poly-HEMA used to coat the dishes and was not due to nonspecific damage of the cells or effects of the poly-HEMA on the hemolytic activity of C2. T and B lymphocytes, but not monocytes, plated on tissue culture plastic produced a soluble factor that increased the production of C2 in freshly adherent monocytes. Lymphocytes plated on the poly-HEMA surface did not produce this soluble factor, which was termed surface-dependent factor (SDF). Whole mononuclear cells plated on poly-HEMA were able to respond to SDF by increasing C2 production by the same percentage as cells on the tissue culture plastic. This suggested that the primary basis for the decreased production of C2 by monocytes in the whole mononuclear cells plated on the poly-HEMA was decreased production of SDF by the lymphocytes. The effect of the poly-HEMA surface on C2 production was probably related to a generalized alteration in maturation of monocytes into macrophages, for SDF had the same type of effect on beta glucosaminidase levels in monocytes as seen with C2, except that the magnitude of the effect was less. These studies suggest that interaction of lymphocytes with surfaces may modulate the function of the lymphocytes. In addition, interaction of lymphocytes with surfaces and the production of SDF in vivo may be responsible for enhancing maturation of monocytes in tissues. PMID- 6984465 TI - Mitogen stimulation of whole blood microcultures from patients with rheumatic disease. AB - In this study the lymphocyte function of therapy matched rheumatoid and non rheumatoid patients in the mitogen mediated in vitro whole blood microculture system has been analyzed. Normal responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and poke weed mitogen (PWM) and depressed responses to concanavalin A (Con A) were found. The PHA and Con A responses were influenced by drug therapy. Differences in the relative activity of PHA to Con A among the groups studied further supports the contention that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have functional abnormalities in their T cell subpopulations. These differences were not due to a decrease in circulating lymphocytes or in the ratio of T lymphocyte numbers but likely reflects a disproportionate representation of Con A reactive T cells in the circulating T cell pool of RA patients. PMID- 6984466 TI - Prognostic factors in juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - We evaluated 96 patients (50 males, 46 females) with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) for various prognostic factors in an adult rheumatology clinic. Although the onset of JCA occurred before the age of 15 in all cases, the majority had a juvenile or late onset of disease. The mean duration of disease was 14 years. Twenty-eight % had a monoarticular onset, 26% a pauciarticular, 28% a polyarticular and 14% a spondylarthropathic onset. HLA-B27 was positive in 52% of the cases, 35 males and 12 females, and HLA-DW4 was present in 10%; 11.5% were ANA positive and 4% were found rheumatoid factor positive (latex greater than 1/128). Patients were classified in functional classes, using a slight modification of Steinbrocker's criteria. Patients who underwent major orthopaedic surgery of the hip or knee were classified in functional class IV, although they actually showed better function. Twenty-seven % had a functional class I, 45% class II and 24% class III-IV at the latest evaluation. In the group with poor prognosis (functional class III and IV) there were significantly more cases with a persistently high erythrocyte sedimentation rate; polyarticular involvement at onset and at the time of their last evaluation; and a family history of rheumatic diseases. There were significantly more females in the poor prognosis group. The presence of HLA-B27 and an ANA positive test were not significantly different in the functional class groups. HLA-B27 did not predict the development of typical ankylosing spondylitis but was associated with pauciarticular peripheral arthritis with or without mild spondylitis. PMID- 6984467 TI - An association between HLA-A2 and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in girls. AB - Correlations between histocompatibility antigens at A and B loci, and onset subtypes were sought in 162 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). The antigen HLA-A2 was associated with pauciarticular JRA in girls. No significant correlations were determined with other onset subtypes or with chronic asymptomatic uveitis. PMID- 6984468 TI - Replication origin of bacteriophage f1. Two signals required for its function. PMID- 6984471 TI - [Emergency nursing standard. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage - nursing during shock and the recovery period]. PMID- 6984470 TI - [In-house cyclotron and nuclear medicine]. PMID- 6984469 TI - Acute toxicity of ammonium metavanadate in mice. AB - Acute toxicity of ammonium metavanadate solutions in normal saline (pH 6.7) or 0.1 M Tris-HCl-NaCl buffers (pH 7.2 or pH 7.8) was studied in BALB/c mice at 20 mg V/kg. Animals receiving these solutions subcutaneously started to show severe clinical signs 10-15 min postinjection and high mortality rates (45-73%) during the first 3 d. Animals dying because of vanadium toxicity did so only within the first 3 d after injection. NH4VO3-treated animals showed a tendency to increase their liver and spleen weights as compared to those receiving control solutions. Severe necrosis in lymphoid tissues (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patch), pulmonary hemorrhage, and renal acute tubular necrosis were commonly demonstrated in vanadium-treated animals. Toxicity of NH4VO3 solution in 0.1 M Tris-HCl-NaCl buffer (pH 7.8) was greatly reduced upon acidification with HCl to pH 6.1 or following boiling for 15 min (final pH of 7.7). Acidification of the solution reduced the mortality rate to 20 from 68%; however, the clinical signs were still severe. Boiling of the solution reduced the mortality rate to zero and moderated the severity of the clinical signs. PMID- 6984472 TI - Effects of various serotoninergic agonists and an antagonist on a nociceptive reaction in mice. AB - Low doses of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), quipazine and cyproheptadine produced facilitation of jumping in mice using the hot plate method. Higher doses produced severe motor disturbances which precluded the assessment of effects on nociception. The observed hyperalgesia might be a consequence of diminution of serotoninergic tone resulting either from triggering of presynaptic serotoninergic receptors in the case of 5-MeODMT and quipazine or from the blockade of postsynaptic serotoninergic receptors in the case of cyproheptadine. The 5-MeODMT-induced hyperalgesia was not attenuated by buprenorphine, which under similar conditions antagonized completely the hyperalgesic effects of naloxone; thus, the hyperalgesic effects of 5-MeODMT do not seemingly involve opioidergic receptors. PMID- 6984473 TI - Entrapment of anti-DNA antibodies in the kidney of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Antibodies to single-stranded DNA (anti-ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (anti dsDNA) were determined in serum and urine of nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting with heavy proteinuria (greater than 300 mg/dl), and the activity of anti-DNA antibodies was compared between paired serum and urine samples in each patient. The results were expressed by the anti-DNA activity (radioimmunoassay units per milliliter) divided by the concentration of IgG (milligrams per milliliter), so as to correct for the difference of IgG concentration. Anti-DNA was detected invariably in the serum of these patients (anti-ssDNA/IgG 4.8 to 27.2, anti-dsDNA 5.6 to 107.8). In contrast, anti-DNA activity was not detectable in urine samples from any of the nine patients. The urine samples from these patients, as well as those from normal individuals, were found to contain ssDNA at levels not significantly different from each other (0.25 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.07 microgram/mg creatinine, P greater than 0.1). The failure to detect anti-DNA in the urine of SLE patients, however, was not due to the ssDNA contained in the urine, because no anti-DNA activity was detected even after their urine samples had been digested with deoxyribonuclease. On the basis of these results, anti-DNA in the serum of SLE patients was considered to be entrapped in the kidney, probably owing to its binding with DNA deposited in their glomeruli. PMID- 6984474 TI - [Accommodation as the primary cause of night myopia]. AB - Night myopia can now be measured accurately with a laser optometer. An increasing number of reports, based on work with this optometer, have supported the hypothesis that night myopia is caused by accommodation. In this study subjects with one phakic and one aphakic eye were tested with respect to the magnitude of night myopia developed in each eye. The results appear to represent the first direct experimental evidence for the hypothesis that accommodation is the primary cause of night myopia. PMID- 6984475 TI - [Antitrypsin activity of blood in patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6984476 TI - Leukocyte subpopulations in cerebrospinal fluid of normal rabbits. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes from 48 apparently healthy New Zealand white rabbits were examined to define the number and types of cells present. The cerebrospinal fluid contained 0 to 7 leukocytes/mm3 (median 3/mm3). This small pool of mononuclear cells was comprised of 40 to 79% lymphocytes (median 67%) and 21 to 60% monocytes (median 33%). T lymphocytes were the predominant cell type, outnumbering B cells by approximately 100 to 1. In contrast to cerebrospinal fluid, normal rabbit blood contained nearly equal proportions of B and T cells (median 39% and 46% of lymphocytes, respectively). Three cerebrospinal fluid samples from apparently healthy rabbits had greater than 20 leukocytes/mm3. PMID- 6984477 TI - Automated area measurements of lesions using image analysis. PMID- 6984478 TI - [Importance of the quantitative analysis of alpha 1-antitrypsin in respiratory pathology]. PMID- 6984479 TI - Effect of inhibitors on omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of lauric acid by frog liver microsomes. AB - To investigate the involvement of different cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases in fatty acid hydroxylation in frog liver microsomes, the effect of various inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases on the omega- and (omega-1) hydroxylation of laurate was examined. The omega/omega-1-hydroxylation ratios were changed significantly by various levels of carbon monoxide (CO) inhibition; the formation of omega-hydroxylaurate was more sharply inhibited by various levels of CO than was the formation of (omega-1)-hydroxylaurate. On the contrary, metyrapone inhibited only the formation of (omega-1)-hydroxylaurate and stimulated the formation of omega-hydroxylaurate, 7,8-Benzoflavone as well as CO was more inhibitory to the omega-hydroxylation of laurate. At low concentrations of KCN (0.2 and 0.1 mM), the (omega-1)-hydroxylase activity was stimulated, but both the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylase activities were inhibited at the higher concentrations (5-10 mM). The effect of drugs and hydroxylaurate isomers on the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation was also examined. Aminopyrine showed a stimulative effect on omega-hydroxylase activity and no effect on the (omega-1) hydroxylase activity, while p-nitroanisole inhibited the (omega-1)-hydroxylase activity and showed almost no effect on the omega-hydroxylase activity. 12 Hydroxylaurate inhibited both the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylase activities, but the omega-hydroxylase activity was inhibited to a much greater extent. 11 Hydroxylaurate had no effect on either hydroxylation. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that different cytochrome P-450 species are involved in the hepatic microsomal hydroxylation of laurate at omega- and (omega-1)-positions in the frog. PMID- 6984481 TI - [Histiocytosis X in adults]. PMID- 6984480 TI - Changes in the activities of lipoprotein lipase and the lipogenic enzymes in tumor-bearing rats. AB - The effects of tumor growth on lipid metabolism were investigated by evaluating serum lipids, lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA), the lipogenic enzymes, urinary catecholamines along with serum insulin and glucagon levels. We injected 1.5 X 10(6) cells of rat mammary tumor, AC33, and killed the rats on the 18th day. Serum triglycerides and free fatty acids of the tumor-bearing (TB) rats increased 4 and 5 times, respectively, more than the control (C) rats. Total liver lipids were not significantly different between the two groups. Tumor growth produced a 70% decrease in total epididymal fat pad LPLA; there were no changes in soleus muscle LPLA. Serum insulin levels of the TB rats were 49% less than the C rats. The TB rats had significantly lighter epididymal fat pads and lower activities of adipose fatty acid synthetase and citrate cleavage enzyme. Urinary catecholamines of the TB rats were reduced over 30% compared with the C rats. These results show that the hypertriglyceridemia of the TB rats may be due, in part, to a deficiency of adipose tissue LPLA. The data also suggest that the effects of the tumor on lipid metabolism may be mediated through insulin. PMID- 6984482 TI - [Identification and significance of macroenzymes in clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 6984483 TI - [Is there an increased occurrence of thyroid diseases in patients with rheumatic diseases?]. PMID- 6984485 TI - Improvement of some abnormal motor functions by electrical stimulation. AB - Clinical results obtained from electrical stimulation of muscle, nerve, spinal cord, cerebellum, and cerebrum are surveyed. Some more data are presented from our own experience with stimulating denervated muscle and cerebellum. Mechanisms which might be responsible for its clinical effects on the muscle, synapse, or nervous system are discussed. PMID- 6984484 TI - Fluctuation of antigen binding activity during the cell cycle in the synchronized population of the murine T hybridoma cell line. AB - The murine T cell hybridoma line which specifically binds antigen (ovalbumin) was established using a cell fusion technique with Sendai virus. Regional lymph node cells from ovalbumin (OVA) immunized C57BL/6 mice were fused with thymidine kinase deficient variant cells of the EL-4 cell line (originating from a thymoma of a C57BL/6 mouse). Approximately one hundred cell lines were established and the antigen binding activity was determined by rosette formation with OVA coated sheep red blood cells (SRBC). One hybridoma cell line, MMH-77, could form rosettes and this formation was specifically inhibited by the addition of free OVA. The ability of the cell line to form rosettes varied from one stage of the cell cycle to the other with the maximum ability in the S phase. PMID- 6984487 TI - [New technic of tissue synthesis without sutures]. PMID- 6984486 TI - [Essential elements for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules in children]. PMID- 6984488 TI - Relation between actin-associated proteins and membrane immunoglobulin in B cells. AB - The myosin-affinity technique, along with conventional immunoaffinity chromatography of membrane immunoglobulin (mIg), was used to study the relation between proteins that bind to actin, and those that co-isolate with the mIg of normal chicken B-cells. In the case of biosynthetically-labeled cells, we found approximately 13 actin-associated polypeptides. Of this group, eight could be labeled with 125I surface labeling. When the actin-associated proteins were compared to proteins that co-isolate with mIg during immunoaffinity chromatography, we found that two of them (mol. wts 55,000 and 34,000) co-isolate with mIg. The 55,000 mol. wt polypeptide can be labeled with 125I surface labeling techniques, while the 34,000 mol. wt protein cannot, suggesting that only the 55,000 mol. wt protein is exposed on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. It is speculated that the function of these proteins may be involved in linking mIg to actin and perhaps to the cytoskeleton. PMID- 6984489 TI - Characterization of a 75,000 mol. wt glycoprotein synthesized by guinea-pig T lymphocytes: a possible homologue of Lyt-1 antigen. AB - A xenoantiserum raised in rabbits by immunization with strain 13 guinea-pig antigen-activated T-lymphocytes was previously found to recognize a non immunoglobulin, 75,000 mol. wt glycoprotein synthesized by guinea-pig T-cells. This protein, p75, has been further characterized to determine its biochemical properties and its expression by various cell types. p75 was found to be a single chain protein which could be bound by the lectin Lens culinaris hemagglutinin. It has an apparent mol. wt slightly greater than mu-chain as assessed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and could not be precipitated by anti-guinea pig immunoglobulin reagents. It exhibited considerable charge heterogeneity during isoelectric focusing and was not affected by neuraminidase treatment, p75 was synthesized by thymus, spleen and lymph node cells, by antigen-stimulated T cells from strain 13 and strain 2 guinea-pigs, and by guinea-pig B-cell L2C leukemia lines, but not by normal B-lymphocytes or macrophages. No differences between the isoelectric focusing patterns of p75 molecules isolated from different cell types could be demonstrated. The chemical properties of p75 and its expression by the cell types so far examined indicate that p75 is a possible candidate for the guinea-pig homologue of the murine Lyt-1 antigen. PMID- 6984491 TI - X-linkage in affective and schizoaffective disorders: genetic and diagnostic implications. PMID- 6984490 TI - Distribution of normal T lymphocytes in tumor-bearing rats. AB - Changes in distribution properties of T lymphocytes from lymphoid organs of normal rats 3H-uridine labeled in vitro and i. v. injected to tumor-bearing recipients were studied at different stages of tumor growth and rejection. Comparisons were made with T cell migration from normal donors to syngeneic recipients. A temporary decrease in the ability of normal spleen T lymphocytes to migrate into the spleen of tumor-bearing recipients at early stages of tumor growth was in correlation with their enhancement in trapping by the liver of this recipient. At this stage the migrations into tumor-draining lymph nodes and peripheral blood were rather pronounced. The growing tumor evoked an increased migration rate of donor spleen cells into each of the recipient organs studied except for liver. Tumor rejection potentiated the distribution mainly in the draining lymph node and liver. Normal lymph node T lymphocytes migrated at the beginning of tumor growth into spleen, node and liver of tumor-bearing recipients. A sharp decrease of distribution in spleen at the time of maximum tumor growth was compensated by an enhanced migration into draining nodes, peripheral blood and liver. This enhancement was seen also during tumor rejection. Distribution of normal blood T lymphocytes into spleen and peripheral blood of tumor-bearing recipients was equal to normal values. There was only a transitional reduction in their migration rates into draining nodes caused by tumor growth. Migration rates of thymocytes in tumor-bearing recipients remained unaltered. The results presented indicate that the distribution pattern of i. v. injected labeled T lymphocytes from normal donors into lymphoid organs of tumor bearing recipients was determined by changes in the immune status of the recipients brought about by tumor development. PMID- 6984493 TI - Changes of intracellular sodium and potassium ion concentrations in frog spinal motoneurons induced by repetitive synaptic stimulation. AB - A post-tetanic membrane hyperpolarization following repetitive neuronal activity is a commonly observed phenomenon in the isolated frog spinal cord as well as in neurons of other nervous tissues. We have now used double-barrelled Na+- and K+ ion-sensitive microelectrodes to measure the intracellular Na+- and K+ concentrations and also the extracellular K+-concentration of lumbar spinal motoneurons during and after repetitive stimulation of a dorsal root. The results show that the post-tetanic membrane hyperpolarization occurred at a time when the intracellular [Na+] reached its maximal value, intracellular [K+] had its lowest level and extracellular [K+] was still elevated. The hyperpolarization was blocked by ouabain and reduced by Li+. These data support the previous suggestion that an electrogenic Na+/K+ pump mode may be the mechanism underlying the post tetanic membrane hyperpolarization. PMID- 6984492 TI - Changes in morphology and physiology of olfactory receptor cilia during development. AB - Ciliated olfactory receptor neurons in vertebrates turn over throughout life. We show that these neurons bear different types of cilia at different developmental stages; cilia on newly differentiating cells are short and motile; cilia on mature cells are longer and immotile; Mg2+ and adenosine 5'-triphosphate are requisite for ciliary motion; stimulation with odorants can induce synchronous motion and that this process is mediated by Ca2+. We propose that receptor neurons have two distinguishable developmental states. In the first, before the growing axon establishes synaptic connection to the brain, the cells bear motile cilia and are generally irritable. In the second, the cilia are long and immotile and the cells can distinguish between odorants. PMID- 6984494 TI - [Transcutaneous neuroelectric stimulation in the therapy of trigeminal neuralgia of various etiologies]. PMID- 6984495 TI - Sarcoidosis of the liver, complicated by bleeding oesophageal varices. AB - Case report of a 57-year-old woman with pulmonary and hepatic sarcoidosis. As a rare complication, portal hypertension developed and first became manifest as bleeding from oesophageal varices. A portocaval shunt was successfully performed and the patient remained in stable condition after a follow-up of two years. PMID- 6984496 TI - Influence of static tilt on soleus motoneuron excitability in man. AB - The influence of whole head-body rotations with respect to gravity on the excitability of the human soleus motoneuron pool, was studied by mapping the H reflex amplitude as a function of static head displacements. In most subjects, the H reflex reached a minimum when the head was near the vertical position (90 degrees), and often increased as a sinusoidal function of tilt in the sagittal plane. These changes were attributed to the tonic labyrinthine reflexes which, unlike some findings in decerebrate cats, generally increase the extensor tone of the human lower limb when the head is displaced from the upright position. PMID- 6984497 TI - [Effect of systemic diseases on accommodation and the progression of myopia in children]. PMID- 6984498 TI - [Outcomes of uveitis in systemic and syndromic diseases and their relation to the immunological status of the patient]. PMID- 6984499 TI - [Changes in the immune system in primary open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 6984500 TI - Pattern dystrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. AB - The pattern dystrophies are a group of hereditary macular dystrophies characterized by lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) arranged in various patterns of dots, lines, and branched figures. This report of two pedigrees expands the clinical spectrum. The onset is usually in the second and third decade, there is great variation in fundus appearance, vision may be severely affected, the EOG is not always abnormal, and the fundus lesions change with time. The lesions resemble those of Best's vitelliform degeneration and fundus flavimaculatus, and, possibly, also represent abnormal lipofuscin accumulation within degenerating retinal pigment epithelial cells. PMID- 6984501 TI - Dominant retinitis pigmentosa. A clinicopathologic correlation. AB - Autopsy and clinical studies were performed in a family with dominantly inherited retinitis pigmentosa. The eyes of two senior members of the family were obtained for histopathologic study, while three other family members were studied clinically. All family members studied had visual field loss, nyctalopia, and a spectrum of pigmentary disruption. There was variable expressivity of pigmentary migration, foveal atrophic changes, surface wrinkling retinopathy, choriocapillaris atrophy, drusen, vitreous synchysis, and optic pallor. Three specific zones of retinal and retinal pigment epithelial changes were identified histopathologically. A clinicopathologic correlation is presented. PMID- 6984502 TI - Kartagener's syndrome in children. PMID- 6984503 TI - Sacral anterior root stimulators for bladder control in paraplegia. PMID- 6984504 TI - Perinatal development of N-acetyltransferase in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues of guinea pigs. AB - Hepatic and extrahepatic distribution and the perinatal developmental pattern of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)-N-acetyltransferase (E.C.2.3.1.5) in guinea pig liver, lung, and placenta were studied. In adult guinea pigs, kidney and small intestine enzyme specific activities were equivalent to hepatic activity. Lung enzyme activity was about 15% of that in adult liver. No sex differences in hepatic or extrahepatic distribution of enzyme levels were evident. The perinatal development study revealed that fetal as well as neonatal animals are capable of N-acetylation. The peak in liver and lung activity occur between 3 and 8 days after birth. Placenta has about 50% of adult liver activity for PABA-N acetylation and it declines near term. These data indicate that extrahepatic organs of guinea pigs significantly contribute to PABA-N-acetylation. PMID- 6984506 TI - Haemophilus parainfluenzae. PMID- 6984505 TI - [Phenotype of the cells of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma with low degree malignancy determined by the studies of surface receptors]. PMID- 6984507 TI - The percentage of T- and B-cells in the lymphomyeloid tissue of hyperimmunized bursaless chickens. AB - Bursa or bursa follicles failed to develop when 3-day-old embryonated eggs were dipped in 2% testosterone propionate in ethanol. The chicks from the treated and control eggs (TP-chicks) were hyperimmunized with sheep red blood cells and the percentages of thymus-derived (T) and bursal-derived (B) lymphocytes in different lymphoid organs determined. The percentage of T-cells in the thymus of TP-embryos was not significantly affected, but the B-cell population was significantly depressed. The percentage of B-cells in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow of TP-hyperimmunized chickens was significantly below that of controls. These data support previous observations of B-cells in bursaless birds. The significantly higher percentage of T-cells in the bone marrow of TP-birds is discussed in relation to T-suppressor cells. PMID- 6984508 TI - The effect of lactose supplementation and source on feed intake and production characteristics of laying hens. AB - Three experiments involving a total of 550 laying hens were conducted to study the effects of low level lactose feeding on the egg production characteristics of laying hens. The specific purposes were to determine if lactose influenced calcium utilization and feed intake and if there were any important interactions between lactose and calcium. There was a consistent significant improvement in egg shell breaking strength as a result of lactose supplementation. One percent dietary lactose appeared to be adequate to achieve this improvement. The addition of 2 or 3% lactose did not result in any greater improvement than 1%. There were no consistent influences of lactose, lactose source, or calcium level on feed intake or any of the other variables examined in the three experiments. As was expected, 61-week-old hens laid significantly fewer and larger eggs with weaker shells than 47-week-old hens. There were four statistically significant interaction effects: lactose level X calcium level on egg production; lactose level X calcium level on egg shell strength; and age X lactose level on egg shell strength. Even though these effects were statistically significant, it is questionable whether or not they are of practical importance in feeding laying hens. PMID- 6984509 TI - A new method for evaluating vestibular function. PMID- 6984510 TI - Normal differentiation and genetic changes in cancer cells. PMID- 6984512 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies with 3H-labelled synthetic antifibrinolytics]. AB - In rabbits and rats pharmacokinetic studies on the anti-fibrinolytics 4 aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA), trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (AMCA), and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) were carried out using the tritium labelled compounds. Following i. v. administration of PAMBA and EACA in rabbits a two-phasic plasma level and following AMCA a three-phasic plasma level was found within 7 h. The rate constants beta of 0.34 h-1, 0.44 h-1, and 1.08 h-1 for EACA, PAMBA, and AMCA, respectively, indicate a more rapid elimination of AMCA. Accordingly, the AUC-values for AMCA are considerably smaller than those for EACA and PAMBA after both i. v. and p. o. administration. PMID- 6984511 TI - [Effect of rimazolium (Probon) on biotransformation reactions in the rat]. AB - Rimazolium inhibits ethylmorphine-N-demethylation and ethoxycoumarin-O deethylation by rat liver homogenate when added in vitro in dependence on reaction differently, but marked effects are observed with high concentrations only (10(-3) mol). Both reactions are inhibited after administration of a high sedative dose (180 mg/kg) by 30-40%, after a non-sedative dose no inhibition could be observed. After a 4 d treatment both reactions were not influenced when investigated 24 h after the last administration, the induction by phenobarbital is inhibited in case of ethylmorphine-N-demethylation by rimazolium, but increased in case of ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylation. PMID- 6984514 TI - Methods of collecting data. PMID- 6984513 TI - Role of ipsilateral forebrain in lateral hypothalamic stimulation reward in rats. AB - The forebrain was ablated unilaterally to a level dorsal to the thalamus and anterior commissure. Ipsilateral lateral hypothalamic electrodes were then implanted and the animal was tested for self-stimulation behavior. Tests included an initial test for behavioral reactivity to changes in reward level and then two estimates of the quantitative relationships between stimulation parameters: the number-current and charge-duration relationships. Comparison between these findings and those known for intact rats suggest that the substrate for unilateral hypothalamic stimulation reward is not impaired by removal of the ipsilateral tissue. PMID- 6984516 TI - Current status of cimetidine in acid-peptic disorders. PMID- 6984515 TI - Postsynaptic serotonergic activity in depressive patients: evaluation of the neuroendocrine strategy. AB - The possible occurrence of hypersensitive postsynaptic serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptors in depressive patients was investigated using a neuroendocrine strategy: determination of neuroendocrine parameters after activation of the serotonergic system. Activation was achieved by oral administration of l-tryptophan and l-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). The neuroendocrine parameters measured were the plasma concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and cortisol. Since administration of 5-HT precursors caused no significant change in the hormone concentrations, evaluation of neuroendocrine function after stimulation with 5-HT precursors does not appear to provide a reliable index of human postsynaptic serotonergic activity. PMID- 6984517 TI - Behavioral effects of 5-hydroxy-N-acetyltryptophan, a putative synthetic precursor of N-acetylserotonin. AB - 1. Adult male rats were injected with either 5-hydroxy-N-acetyltryptophan (5 OHNAT), a synthetic putative precursor of N-acetylserotonin, or 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the serotonin precursor, and behavioral effects were observed. Pretreatment consisted of carbidopa and nialamide. 2. The behavioral effects of systemic injections of 5-OHNAT and 5-HTP were qualitatively similar i.e. head weaving, forepaw treading, etc., but the effect of 5-OHNAT was appreciably delayed in onset. 3. 5-OHNAT loading may cause an increase in central nervous system 5-HT via initial deacetylation to 5-HTP. Alternatively, 5-OHNAT may cause a delayed increase in brain NAS and the "serotonin syndrome" may reflect increased conversion of 5-HT to NAS. PMID- 6984518 TI - Development of the self-concept of nurse in nursing students. AB - The purpose of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to determine if components of nursing students' self-concepts change as they progress through their educational program. The subjects were 132 generic nursing students enrolled in the baccalaureate nursing program at a small midwestern college; they were stratified by grade level (sophomore, junior, and senior). Chi-square analysis of responses to the Twenty Statements Test indicate no significant difference in self-concept by levels as measured by the number of consensual and subconsensual responses, and no significant difference by levels in the number of primary nursing references. The preponderance of subconsensual over consensual responses at all three grade levels was an unexpected finding that has implications for nursing education. PMID- 6984519 TI - [Case of hematoma of the gastric fundus]. PMID- 6984520 TI - [Bleeding gastric leiomyomas. Study of 7 cases]. PMID- 6984521 TI - [Gastric amyloidosis]. PMID- 6984522 TI - [Blood lead levels and arterial pressure. Initial results of a cross sectional study of 431 male subjects]. PMID- 6984523 TI - A regional structure for England. PMID- 6984524 TI - Increased risk from viral hepatitis. PMID- 6984525 TI - Annual conference of OH nursing society. Survey finds huge unmet training need. PMID- 6984526 TI - New report reveals plight of blind nurses. Employment of the handicapped. PMID- 6984528 TI - Changes in GNC psychiatry exams. PMID- 6984527 TI - Members vote for peace and pay review promise. PMID- 6984530 TI - Long term plan for nurse advisers. PMID- 6984529 TI - District nursing - in the '90s. PMID- 6984531 TI - [Development of upper digestive hemorrhage and cimetidine: prospective study]. PMID- 6984532 TI - [Rheumatic disorders in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6984534 TI - [Antibodies to soluble nuclear antigens in connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 6984533 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunologic phenomena in patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6984535 TI - [Bone marrow megaloblastosis associated with the use of pyrimethamine, triamterene and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]. PMID- 6984536 TI - [Unrecognized cause of iron deficiency anemia. The blind loop syndrome]. PMID- 6984537 TI - Clinical rheumatoid vasculitis associated with the B8 DR3 phenotype. AB - A statistically significant association of clinical rheumatoid vasculitis (excluding nodules or nail-fold infarcts only) with the HLA B8 DR3 phenotype was found when comparing 30 patients with vasculitis with 84 classic or definite rheumatoid patients without clinical vasculitis. The previously reported association on HLA DR4 with rheumatoid disease was also confirmed. PMID- 6984539 TI - [Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis in an HLA B27 antigen carrier]. PMID- 6984538 TI - [Treatment and prevention of osteoporosis]. PMID- 6984540 TI - [Mandibular histiocytosis. Diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic problems]. PMID- 6984541 TI - [Adaptometry in ophthalmology and its clinical indications]. PMID- 6984542 TI - [Cervical syndrome in otorhinolaryngology practice]. PMID- 6984543 TI - Partial primary structure of human alpha 2-antiplasmin-homology with other plasma protease inhibitors. AB - Human alpha 2-antiplasmin was digested with trypsin and with chymotrypsin and about 70 percent of the amino acids were sequenced and aligned in peptides ranging from 2 to 33 residues. Here we report five sequences of 21 to 33 residues. When these were compared with the primary structures of antithrombin III, alpha 1-antitrypsin and ovalbumin, which belong to the same protein superfamily (Hunt and Dayhoff [1980] Biochem Biophys Res Commun 95: 864-871), three peptides showed clear homologies with these proteins, indicating that alpha 2-antiplasmin also belongs to that superfamily. In addition, alpha 2-antiplasmin appeared to contain at least one internal homology. PMID- 6984544 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation after infusion of FEIBA (factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity) in a patient with acquired haemophilia. PMID- 6984545 TI - Relationship between complement-fixing (hemolytic) antibodies to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA and the prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Hemolytic (complement-fixing) antibodies to single-stranded (ss) or double stranded (ds) DNA, measured by recently developed PHL assay, occurred closely correlated with renal activity in patients with systemic lupus (SLE). Approximately one third of the patients with renal disease had hemolytic antibodies to ss-DNA but never to ds-DNA. Hemolytic antibodies were scarcely detectable in patients with mild course. Serial studies also revealed that the estimation of the hemolytic antibodies to ds- and/or ss-DNA was particularly valuable in predicting the future course of the SLE. The emergence of hemolytic antibodies to DNA may be an ominous sign suggestive of grave prognosis in SLE. PMID- 6984546 TI - [Topical etiology of postextraction bleeding. Prevention and treatment]. PMID- 6984547 TI - Prevalence and disease spectrum in a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya. AB - A cross-sectional community study was conducted in the village of Kivaa in Machakos District, Kenya, to determine the prevalence and disease spectrum of visceral leishmaniasis. The disease was first diagnosed in 1978. Demographic data was collected from 50 households comprising 374 individuals. Clinical examination, laboratory investigations and leishmanin skin tests were performed. The results showed that in spite of the presence of a susceptible population, visceral leishmaniasis occurred with a low prevalence in Kivaa as evidenced by the small number of individuals with active disease (0.30%), a low leishmanin positivity rate (7.2%) and the presence of leishmanial antibodies in only 3.7% of the population. The infection affected individuals in homesteads with or without nearby termite hills. Leishmanial antibodies and leishmanin positivity were found among asymptomatic household contacts of patients as well as in isolated individuals in non-infected homesteads. These findings suggest the existence of a spectrum of disease ranging from asymptomatic to self-healing to severe clinical illness. Furthermore, there was significant clustering of leishmanin reactors in the households of patients. The aetiology of this striking focality of visceral leishmaniasis remains obscure. Possible explanations are discussed. PMID- 6984548 TI - Chloramphenicol in the treatment of enteric fever. AB - Chloramphenicol is still very effective for acute enteric fever. A literature survey does not confirm the repeated claims of decreasing efficacy over the past 20 years (not taking into account the R factor mediated resistance noted since 1972/73). However, there have been regional variations in the time needed to achieve defervescence under chloramphenicol treatment since the early 1950s. When comparing alternative antimicrobials with chloramphenicol other criteria apart from clinical efficacy have to be considered, namely, influence on the rate of excretion of the organisms and the relapse rate, ease of administration parenterally, toxicity, cost, and the possible occurrence of resistance to Salmonella typhi or S. paratyphi A/B. PMID- 6984549 TI - The action of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on amphibian embryonic tissues. AB - Amphibian embryos at different stages of development, and ectomesodermal explants (small pieces of embryonic tissue extirpated from lateral parts of the embryos just after neurulation), have been irradiated with continuous and pulsed ultrasound at a frequency of 0.88 MHz, spatial and temporal average intensities being within the range 0.025-0.1 W cm2. Ultrasound pulse repetition frequencies were varied within 10-1000 Hz, duty factor being constant and equal to 0.5. Destruction of embryonic tissue as an immediate effect, and interruption or distortion of development as delayed (24 hr) effects, were registered. Significant damaging effects of non-cavitational and non-thermal origin and dependent on pulse repetition frequencies, were observed. Highly frequency dependent resonance-type effects were obtained for irradiated explants. The maximum effect on Rana temporaria explants was obtained at pulse repetition frequencies of 10-20 Hz and on Xenopus laevis explants at 110-130 Hz. PMID- 6984550 TI - [Unstable angina: surgical treatment at the Hotel-Dieu in Montreal]. PMID- 6984551 TI - Effect of thrombospondin and other platelet alpha-granule proteins on artificial surface-induced thrombosis. PMID- 6984552 TI - Introduction to animal behavior therapy. PMID- 6984553 TI - Classification of animal behavior problems. PMID- 6984554 TI - History-taking and interviewing techniques. PMID- 6984555 TI - Treatment of fears and phobias in dogs. PMID- 6984556 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of separation-related behavior problems in dogs. PMID- 6984558 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of dominance aggression in dogs. PMID- 6984559 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of aggression problems in cats. PMID- 6984557 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of elimination behavior problems in dogs. PMID- 6984560 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of elimination behavior problems in cats. PMID- 6984562 TI - Social behavior of the cat. PMID- 6984561 TI - Ingestive behavior problems of dogs and cats. PMID- 6984563 TI - [Changes in lymphocyte populations in patients with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6984564 TI - [Lymphocyte populations and serum immunoglobulins in patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 6984565 TI - [Pathogenesis and clinical features of painful dysfunctions of the locomotor system]. AB - In the pathogenesis of painful dysfunctions of the locomotor apparatus superficial pain, deep pain and compression pain as well as referred pain play a role. The development of this pain is discussed. The differential diagnosis of radicular and pseudoradicular forms of pain of the vertebral column is discussed. The most clinical important rheumatic pain syndromes, myalgia, arthritis and arthrosis as well as the development of pain in gout attacks are described according to the natural history and clinical presentation of the disease. Therapeutic indications are given. The importance of the differential diagnostic evaluation of pain syndrome is stressed, in particular if it seems, that there is no organic background. PMID- 6984566 TI - [Characteristic joint function disorders in inflammatory and degenerative rheumatism]. AB - Inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases show a characteristic local picture. So it is recommended that a joint examination of the joint movement extent alone is not sufficient, all articular and periarticular structures must be included. In this way it is possible to differentiate on a clinical basis inflammatory and degenerative arthropathies and also to determine the stage of inflammation. Including the joint pattern, the findings of the general examination and the case history of arthropathy can be mostly diagnosed as a distinct type of rheumatism. The directed laboratory and X-ray examination confirms the diagnosis which already has been made clinically. Therefore the physical examination of the joints is of greatest importance in rheumatology. PMID- 6984567 TI - [The spine as a factor in disease]. PMID- 6984568 TI - [Which physical therapy appliances should the general practitioner buy?]. PMID- 6984569 TI - [The most important applications of physical therapy in medical practice]. PMID- 6984570 TI - [Comprehensive review of the possibilities and limits of drug therapy of rheumatic diseases]. AB - Practically 10-20% of all patients registered with a General Practitioner complains of symptoms in some way associated with rheumatism. Incidences of this disorder are distributed in such a way as to form a pattern whereby 55% is troubled with extra-articulary rheumatism, 38% with arthrosis and spondylarthrosis and 7% with rheumatoid arthritis. It is of most importance that the General Practitioner identifies these patients during the early stages of their disorder, and that he commerces the necessary treatment immediately. With the exception of streptococcus-rheumatism and gout, the pathogenesis of rheumatics eludes us to this day. As far as individual measures are concerned therefore, it is merely a question of selecting some kind of treatment, ranging from the symptomatic to the semi-causal, which can be used alongside the recommended form of therapy. The author describes various kinds of treatment including NSTAR, Glucocorticoids, Antisuppressives and basic therapy such as Chloroquin, gold and D-Penicillamin. PMID- 6984571 TI - [Descriptive epidemiology of cancer in East Germany from the industrial medicine aspects]. PMID- 6984573 TI - [Relation between atmospheric events and internal medicine emergency situations]. AB - Over a period of 2,541 days (7 years) patients with the diagnosis groups acute oesophageal and gastrointestinal haemorrhage, respectively (n = 395), cerebrovascular insufficiency (n = 689) and acute myocardial infarction (n = 701) were registered. From the individual meteorological data registered in the same period the temperature the evaporation warmth of the water, the specific warmth capacity of the air, the air pressure and a constant calculation factor were used for the calculation of the equivalent temperature. Thus by its means a measure for the warmth content of the air was at our disposal which is determined by a series of factors. Between the emergency situations mentioned and the equivalent temperature established a correlation test for significance was performed. In these cases was the result that there are significant relations between the cerebrovascular insufficiency. Though already a larger number of meteorological parameters entered into our investigations, the result supposes that further important meteorological data should not be neglected, such as phases of weather and front transits. This shall be taken into consideration in future investigations. PMID- 6984574 TI - [Emergency endoscopy in patients with chronic alcohol abuse]. AB - In this study we evaluated the findings of emergency endoscopy--carried out because of acute bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract--in 58 patients with chronic abuse of alcohol. These findings were compared with those bleeding sources which were seen within the emergency endoscopy of 199 patients without abuse of alcohol. Among the collective of the chronic alcoholics in 37,9% the bleeding lesion was found in the esophagus. In one third of the alcoholics with proved liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices another bleeding source than esophageal varices existed. In two patients of this collective, besides bleeding esophageal varices another more distally located bleeding source could be found. This shows the necessity to examine also stomach and duodenum in order to exclude an additional bleeding lesion, even when bleeding out of these varices is endoscopically proved. Erosive alterations in the area of the stomach and duodenum were observed very frequently when multiple lesions existed. PMID- 6984575 TI - [Method of recording the actograms of small aquatic animals and primary automatic processing of the information]. PMID- 6984572 TI - [Characteristics of the early stage of ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6984576 TI - [Seronegative, HLA B 27-associated spondylarthritis. - New orientation in nomenclature and classification?]. AB - It is shown that the concept of "seronegative HLA B 27 associated spondarthritis," which is unsatisfactory even as a name, cannot be accepted as a new overgroup in a logically constructed classification. HLA B 27 occurs in certain of these illnesses almost inevitably as a predisposing antigen; in others it is merely a factor modifying the pattern of disease. The illnesses thus are obviously different. In any case, the concept itself is not a diagnosis, in spite of the fact that it is at present often employed as a diagnostic term. PMID- 6984577 TI - [Nature and extent of self medication with so-called "home remedies" in patients with rheumatic diseases]. AB - 272 patients with various rheumatic disorders were interviewed on the basis of a 28 points questionnaire concerning a possible self-medication with non prescribed remedies. A total of 272 patients (78%) had taken various non prescribed remedies and additionally 56 patients had kept self-made dietary restrictions. The parameters favouring an increased rate of self-medication were: female sex, increased age and a prolonged duration of the disease. However, the type of the rheumatic disorder did not play any significant role. The possible reasons of this high degree of self-medication with non prescribed remedies are discussed and improved patient-information by the physician is postulated. PMID- 6984579 TI - Cerebellar abscesses. A report on 119 cases. PMID- 6984578 TI - Biochemical differentiation of Haemophilus influenzae. Additional characterization of biotypes by carbohydrate fermentation patterns. AB - A total of 295 strains of H. influenzae was characterized by serotyping and biochemotyping following the scheme of Kilian. Biotype II was the biotype most frequently seen (41.4% of the strains). The strong correlation of serotype b with biotype I was confirmed. Carbohydrate degradation was evaluated as a possible aid for further characterization of biotypes. Differing results were obtained concerning the fermentation of fructose, maltose and xylose which were classified into five carbohydrate fermentation patterns A-E. To a certain degree the carbohydrate fermentation patterns of the strains could be associated with biotypes. No conclusion could be drawn, however, from carbohydrate fermentation patterns regarding sites of isolation and probable virulence of H. influenzae strains. The results of serotyping, biochemotyping according to Kilian and carbohydrate fermentation pattern analysis were correlated with clinical syndromes associated with isolation of the strains. Carbohydrate fermentation patterns permit a further differentiation of the serotype b/biotype I strains which can cause meningitis and other severe H. influenzae infections. A far more heterogeneous distribution of biochemical characteristics in strains isolated from the respiratory tract might facilitate epidemiological studies on respiratory diseases due to H. influenzae. PMID- 6984580 TI - [Composition and physiologic functions of spinal fluid]. AB - The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined by the immunological method in 24 patients with mature, and 35 patients with immature cerebral tumours, as well as in 10 patients with Guillain Barre's and 16 patients with Landry's polyneuritis. The control group consisted of 42 patients who had no nervous pathologies. The immunomorphological composition of the normal CSF, as well as the CSF in polyneuritis and brain tumours was disclosed. The presence of lymphoid cells of various populations, and immunoglobulins of various classes in the normal CSF was demonstrated. On the basis of the data obtained the authors come to a conclusion that one of the basic CSF functions is an immunological, but not only nutritional and metabolic ones, as it has been thought before. The presence of a specific protective immunological cerebral barrier in the central nervous system is substantiated. This barrier is formed by the T- and B-lymphocyte systems. These lymphocytes also exercise the immunological control in the subarachnoidal space. PMID- 6984581 TI - [Various immunologic aspects of craniocerebral injuries]. AB - The authors analysed cellular and humoral immunity in 104 patients with different types of craniocerebral injury. It was found that the T system immunity reflects the state of the main mechanisms of the organism's nonspecific resistance while its changes are determined by the level of the brain injury. A marked decrease in the T system values in the acute period of the injury with subsequent rapid restoration reflects an adequate total adaptational reaction of the organism and is characteristic of mild and moderate brain contusion. A normal or high level of cellular immunity values in the acute period of the injury with subsequent profound and prolonged immunodepression is evidence of the absence of this reaction and, consequently, of the deficiency of the nonspecific resistance mechanisms resulting from damage to the brain structures regulating these processes. Such reaction of the immune system was disclosed in severe brain contusion. The periodical character of changes in the organism's immune system after injury may serve as the basis for the therapeutic tactics. PMID- 6984582 TI - Audible and inaudible gallop sounds: auscultatory illusion and the value of phonocardiography. PMID- 6984583 TI - Quantitative analysis of the electrocardiogram among healthy adult Iraqi males. AB - 12-lead electrocardiography was studied in 522 healthy Iraqi males selected randomly between the ages of 20-50 years. The measurements performed included intervals, amplitude and QRS axis. Their relations to body build and blood pressure were evaluated. The distribution mean value was studied and compared with similar data from Western populations. There is no change in QRS axis within the age groups studied. The R-and T-waves are significantly higher than corresponding waves from Western populations. Therefore, many of left ventricular hypertrophy patterns on voltage criteria could not be applied accurately. This study shows some difference in the electrocardiographic pattern of a Middle Eastern population which can be of value in the assessment of cardiovascular epidemiology. PMID- 6984585 TI - Echocardiographic study of the left auricular function and its influence on left ventricular performance in normal and diseased heart. I. Normal subjects. AB - Despite some limitations of the echocardiographic estimation of ventricular volume, previous studies have proved its utility in clinical practice. Assuming that the variation of ventricular volume during atrial contraction represents the atrial output, we have tried to study atrial function, its variations and its contribution to ventricular function in physiological states. For this purpose, an echocardiogram of good quality was recorded in 60 normal African subjects, mean age: 26.5 +/- 9.2. Various atrial parameters were derived from the echocardiographic dimension. Correlation was good between these indexes and the time parameters with the highest value for heart rate and the percentage of total diastolic duration of the auriculo-ventricular conduction. In order to test atrial contribution to ventricular function, ventricular and auricular indexes were correlated. Atrial systolic volume (ASV), calculated as the difference between end diastolic volume and preauricular volume on the left ventricular echocardiogram, and atrial index (ASV/BSA), have been found to have a good correlation with the ventricular stroke volume and cardiac index. PMID- 6984584 TI - Blood rheology in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The haemorheological determinants were studied in 83 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); the survivors were subdivided in relation to diabetes and haemodynamic class. All viscosity determinants were measured at the early stage (within 48 hours) and in the two weeks after AMI. The haemorheological changes that are more evident in MI patients deceased, are not dependent on diabetes and haemodynamic class, except for the haematocrit, in MI patients survivors. The authors suggest that the blood rheology should form part of the parameters studied at the different stages of AMI. The also hold, according to indications reported by other authors, that the correction of their alterations is useful. PMID- 6984586 TI - Reproducibility of exercise-induced ventricular premature beats. AB - Repeated maximum exercise testing with an intertest interval of one hour is a valid model for testing drug efficacy and safety on ventricular arrhythmias occurring during exercise. In the two consecutive exercise tests the mean total number of VES was 182 and 184 respectively and the slope of the regression equation relating both tests was close to unity. PMID- 6984587 TI - Holter monitoring in the complex analysis of sinus node dysfunction. AB - To study the diagnostic possibility and the mechanisms involved in sinus node dysfunction, 23 patients with sick sinus syndrome were evaluated by the basic electrophysiological method (recovery times, secondary postpacing phases, sinoatrial conduction times) before and after pharmacologic autonomic blockade with i.v. propranolol 0.2 mg/kg and atropine 0.04 mg/kg, and by continuous rhythm monitoring. Patient groups of normal (I) and pathological (II) intrinsic heart rate (IHR) were compared. In group I (no. 15) prolonged recovery time (2/15), postpacing sinoatrial-block (1/15) and chaotic postextrasystolic patterns (5/15) ceased after autonomic blockade; we obtained normal intrinsic recovery time, gradual return to the stable intrinsic sinus cycle length in the secondary phase, and a normal intrinsic sinoatrial conduction time. In group II (no. 8) during the control study only 50% of patients had pathological electrophysiological parameters before, and 100% after the drug test (no gradual postpacing return to the intrinsic heart rate, abnormal recovery times, abnormal sinoatrial conduction times or chaotic postextrasystolic patterns). Holter monitoring revealed significant differences between the minimal heart rate during sleeping (group I: 48 +/- 10 bpm, mean +/- SD group II: 32 +/- 4 bpm, probability less than 0.001) as well as in the average sinus cycle length for 24 hours (group I: 848 +/- 88 ms, group II: 1254 +/- 136 ms, P less than 0.001) with a very characteristic histogram. In the patients with pharmacologically and electrophysiologically documented abnormal intrinsic rhythmicity (group II), the first 24 hour Holter monitoring revealed positive ECGs for sinus node dysfunction. In patients with normal intrinsic electrophysiological sinus node properties (group I) repeated continuous rhythm recordings revealed severe sinus bradycardia (1 patient), sinoatrial-block (1 patient), tachybrady syndrome (1 patient) and sinus-arrest (2 patients, up to 29 120 ms in waking period). These findings suggest that 1) IHR is the best and simplest diagnostic method of intrinsic sinus node dysfunction (in patients of abnormal low IHR we found positive electrophysiological and Holter parameters), and 2) in autonomic sinus node dysfunction electrophysiological parameters are essentially negative showing normal intrinsic sinus node function; in these patients systematically repeated Holter monitoring is the most valuable diagnostic method. PMID- 6984588 TI - The value of radioimmunoassay of myoglobin in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Thirty-one patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or doubtful AMI, admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU), were selected for study of serum myoglobin (Mb). In 22 cases with AMI a sequential study of serum Mb shows that it begins to rise 2-3 hours after the onset of the AMI. The average value for the first blood sample taken within 12 hours after the onset was 268.7 +/- 57 ng/ml (ranging from 86-800), and the elevation within 24 hours averaged 2.4-5.0 times the normal value. They were distinctly higher than those of SGOT (0.6-2.1), CPK (2.0-3.4) and LDH (0.6-1.9). Taking into account the peak values determined within 12 hours, Mb showed a 100% correlation with the diagnosis, CPK 85.7% (12/17), GOT 35.9% (6/17) and LDH showed a 13.3% (2/15) correlation. In patients with angina pectoris and old MI, serum Mb was within the normal range, suggesting that the determination of serum Mb is of practical value in the differential diagnosis of angina pectoris and AMI. PMID- 6984590 TI - Analytic, experimental, and theoretical neuroepidemiology: applications to occupational neurology. AB - Analytic neuroepidemiologic studies can be particularly valuable in identifying factors associated with either a high or low risk of disease in the industrial environment. Intervention strategies can then be formulated and the effectiveness of such programs can be tested using the techniques of experimental neuroepidemiology. By constructing mathematical models (theoretical neuroepidemiology) of actual situations, it is possible to attempt to predict how the frequency of disease will change if certain aspects of the environment are modified. PMID- 6984591 TI - Primary calcareous corneal dystrophy. A case report. AB - A case is presented of very rare primary calcareous corneal dystrophy of the Axenfeld type with spontaneous onset. To begin with the lesion was circumscript, later developing into a subepithelial annular sclerosis in both corneas by a process of peeling. There were no underlying ophthalmological diseases, no general complaints, and no laboratory basis for disturbance in calcium metabolism. PMID- 6984589 TI - Reflex erector spinal responses in disorders of the central nervous system. AB - In 64 patients with various central and peripheral nervous system disorders, the lumbar erector spinal muscle responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the brachial plexus at Erb's point or of the posterior tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa while standing were recorded. These responses were either absent or delayed in patients with involvement of the posterior columns. The latency of the responses was the same in patients with cerebellar syndromes, Parkinsonism, spastic hemiparesis or vestibular ataxia as in normal subjects. The size of the responses was diminished in patients with cerebellar syndromes and increased in those with Parkinsonism and spastic hemiparesis as compared with normal subjects. PMID- 6984592 TI - Experimental hyperparathyroidism and its effect on serum gastrin, gastrin cells and antral gastrin in the rat. AB - Parathyroid glands from inbred rats were transplanted to rats of the same strain. The transplantation resulted in hyperparathyroidism and persistent hypercalcaemia. These hypercalcaemic animals were compared with the hypocalcaemic donors and with untreated controls. No significant differences in serum gastrin values were found between the different groups. In all three groups, one series of animals was killed 6 weeks after the transplantation (6w series) and another after 14 weeks (14w series). Quantitative studies of the antral gastrin cells showed an increase in the number of these cells per unit volume in the 6w series in the hyperparathyroid recipient animals. The number of gastrin cells per unit segment was also higher in the recipient animals than in the parathyroidectomized and untreated groups in both the 6w and 14w series. The amount of gastrin extracted from antral mucosa did not differ between the different groups. The findings show that an experimentally induced hyperparathyroidism in the rat gives a transient increase in the number of antral gastrin cells but no changes in the antral gastrin or serum gastrin levels. PMID- 6984593 TI - Importance of cell-to-cell contact and transfer in white cell activity. AB - Formation of cell junctions and the occurrence of cell-to-cell transfer through these was examined in mixed cultures of PK 15 pig kidney and mouse peritoneal cells. Under standardized conditions of experiment, a close contact developed between peritoneal and target cells within 90 min. Light and scanning electron microscopic examinations of the area of close contact indicated extension of cytoplasmic processes from peritoneal cells towards the nucleoli of target cells. The size and localization of the nucleolus and the incorporation of a considerable amount of label by the nucleolar associated chromatin also indicated the decisive role of the nucleolus in the events following upon the establishment of close contact. Autoradiographic examinations showed that part of the 6-3H thymidine labelled material migrated from the nucleus of target cells into the cytoplasm of peritoneal cells within 30 min. A greater cytoplasmic accumulation of label took place in peritoneal cells exclusively in the presence of actinomycin-D, indicating a rapid breakdown of transferred material under normal conditions. The development of cell-to-cell contact and transfer was found to depend greatly on the composition of the nutrient medium. PMID- 6984595 TI - Lymphocyte interactions in hypersensitivity phenomena. PMID- 6984594 TI - The analgesic and anti-inflammatory profile of (+/-)-5-benzoyl-1,2-dihydro-3H pyrrolo[1,2a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid (RS-37619). AB - RS-37619 showed highly potent analgesic activity when given p.o. in tests utilizing underlying inflammation. It inhibited phenylquinone-induced writhing in the mouse and rat (350 and 180 x aspirin respectively) and the pain induced by flexing the adjuvant-inflamed rat paw (approximately 800 x aspirin). The agent increased the pain threshold of compressed yeast-inflamed rat paws (3-10 x naproxen). RS-37619 did not increase the pain threshold of the non-inflamed paw and was inactive in the mouse hot plate test; therefore it is probably not a centrally acting or morphine-like agent. RS-37619 was also highly active p.o. in rat models of acute and chronic inflammation. It inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema (36 x phenylbutazone), cotton pellet-induced granuloma (less than or equal to 1 x indomethacin) and in an 18-day test, prevented the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis (approximately 2 x naproxen). RS-37619 exhibited antiphlogistic activity in adrenalectomized rats. It did not have corticosteroid activity. When given p.o., RS-37619 lowered yeast-induced pyrexia (20 x aspirin). Gastrointestinal irritation was seen in the rat with doses greater than or equal to 6.4 mg/kg/day p.o. The agent elicited mild CNS and cardiovascular activity only at doses far in excess of those required for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. PMID- 6984597 TI - Bentiromide:xylose test in healthy cats. AB - The N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (bentiromide):xylose test for simultaneous evaluation of pancreatic exocrine function and intestinal absorptive function was studied in 8 clinically healthy cats. Plasma p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and xylose concentrations were determined before, and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after, a solution of bentiromide (1 g/100 ml) and D-xylose (10 g/100 ml) was given orally at a dosage of 5 ml/kg of body weight. The peak plasma concentrations for PABA occurred between 60 and 120 minutes, with highest mean value at 90 minutes (7.5 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml), and for xylose between 30 and 120 minutes, with the highest mean value at 60 minutes (42.6 +/- 17.8 mg/dl). Large SD in plasma PABA and xylose concentrations indicated marked individual variation between healthy cats. It was concluded that (i) large variations between clinically healthy cats may limit the diagnostic usefulness of the bentiromide:xylose test in the cat, and (ii) guidelines for interpretation of plasma PABA and xylose concentrations reported previously for clinically healthy dogs could not be applied to cats because values were lower in cats. PMID- 6984598 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae: sensitivity to 12 antibiotics, analysis according to capsular serotype, biotype and source of isolation, and epidemiologic implications]. AB - A total of 129 strains of Haemophilus influenzae were tested for susceptibility to twelve antibiotics. Capsular serotypes and biotypes were determined, and the relation between these parameters and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were analysed. Non-capsulated strains were more susceptible to streptomycin than capsulated ones. The distribution of MIC of chloramphenicol among biotypes was different. The distribution of MIC of penicillin G, tetracycline and chloramphenicol among sources of isolation was also different. Therefore the strains did not have the same origin, and one should look at the concept of organotropism for H. influenzae. PMID- 6984596 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic purification of peptide hormones: ovine hypothalamic amunine (corticotropin releasing factor). PMID- 6984599 TI - Long term growth of B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6984600 TI - B-cell subpopulations identifiable by two-color fluorescence analysis using a dual-laser FACS. PMID- 6984601 TI - The effect of the in vivo passage on sIg expression of BALB/c B-cell lines. PMID- 6984602 TI - Expression of IgD as a function of B-cell differentiation. PMID- 6984603 TI - Surface IgD phenotype of electrophoretically fractionated mouse lymphoid cells. PMID- 6984604 TI - The distribution of surface IgD on B-lymphocytes of mice: two parameter correlation with surface IgM and Ia. PMID- 6984605 TI - Anti-IgD induced increase in sIa is associated with an increase in B-cell receptivity to help and/or increase in its antigen presenting activity. PMID- 6984607 TI - Cell cycle dependence for expression of membrane associated IgD, IgM and Ia antigen on mitogen-stimulated murine B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6984606 TI - Human T-cell activation is augmented by monoclonal antibody to IgD. PMID- 6984608 TI - Immunoglobulin receptors reevaluated. PMID- 6984609 TI - Surface IgD as a functional receptor on murine B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6984610 TI - IgD as a receptor in signaling the proliferation of mouse B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6984611 TI - Role of IgD in tolerance and cross-priming: IgD-related signals in B-cell growth, differentiation and tolerance. PMID- 6984612 TI - Apparent differences in B-lineage differentiation occurring in fetal and adult life. PMID- 6984614 TI - Effect of allotype specific anti-IgD on the immune responses of heterozygous mice. PMID- 6984613 TI - Effects of allotype specific anti-IgD on the immune responses of homozygous mice. PMID- 6984615 TI - Stimulation of the murine immune system by anti-IgD antibodies: a polyclonal model of B-lymphocyte activation by a thymus dependent antigen. PMID- 6984616 TI - The enhancing effects of anti-IgD on B-lymphocyte functions in rats. PMID- 6984617 TI - Functional aspects of immunoglobulin D (IgD). PMID- 6984618 TI - B-cell function in mice treated with anti-IgD from birth. PMID- 6984619 TI - Chronic suppression in mice with anti-IgD: role of B-cell numbers. PMID- 6984620 TI - Role of IgD in immunological memory. PMID- 6984621 TI - Ophthalmia nodosa: a case report. PMID- 6984623 TI - Interventional radiology of the portal venous system. PMID- 6984622 TI - Presumed blastomycosis endophthalmitis. AB - A 49-year-old outdoor laborer had an endophthalmitis in one eye and small posterior segment lesions in the other, as well as raised lesions on his skin. The diagnosis of disseminated North American blastomycosis was established by the performance of a biopsy on one of the skin lesions. The ocular inflammation slowly improved with intravenous amphotericin B therapy, and the ocular lesions, presumably caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis, were followed clinically for six months. The patient died of a hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6984626 TI - Unusual 13/13 translocation and 13 trisomy phenotype. PMID- 6984625 TI - [Monosomy/trisomy 4q12 to q13 mosaicism in a retarded and dysmorphic girl]. PMID- 6984624 TI - Transjugular portography in management of bleeding cirrhotic patients. PMID- 6984627 TI - A case of Edward's syndrome with pseudodicentric isochromosome 18: 46,XY,i dic(18) (p11::p11). PMID- 6984628 TI - Familial Y-autosome translocation in two unrelated girls. AB - Two unrelated girls presenting with developmental delay were found to have familial Y-autosome translocations. The first had a Y;15 and the second a Y;22 translocation, involving only the Y heterochromatin on the basis of Q, C, SS, distamycin A and DAPI techniques. The first patient died of a medulloblastoma and at autopsy was found to have an adrenal neuroganglioma. The Y-autosome translocations in the affected patients were identical to those in their respective normal fathers (who had normal Y chromosomes as well). The absence of detectable translocated euchromatin from the subcentromeric region of the Y chromosome is consistent with normal female external genitalia and the absence of germ cell tumors in both patients. Whether the nongonadal neoplasias and hypoplastic uterus and ovaries in the first patient were related to the Y;15 translocation remains uncertain. PMID- 6984629 TI - Trisomy 17p due to A t(5;17) (p15;p11) pat translocation. AB - A 6-month-old Japanese boy with trisomy 17p, resulting from a paternal balanced translocation t(5;17)(p15;p11), is described. Comparison of his clinical features with those of two previously reported patients with trisomy 17p revealed a characteristic combination of clinical features. They included intra- and extra uterine growth retardation, developmental retardation, microcephaly, internal hydrocephalus, a facies with lateral displacement of the inner canthi, antimongoloid slanting of the palpebral fissures, a broad nasal bridge, and micrognathism, low-set, large and simple ears, a short and webbed neck, and flexion deformities of the fingers. The external genitalia in the two male patients were characterized by a small penis, undescended testes and a hypoplastic scrotum. Congenital cardiac defect was present in two of the three patients. PMID- 6984630 TI - Chromosome banding after treatment of living cells in vitro with planar n heterocyclic compounds. PMID- 6984631 TI - [In vitro fertilization: the challenge of the 80's]. PMID- 6984634 TI - Chromosomal phylogeny of forty-two species or subspecies of cercopithecoids (Primates Catarrhini). AB - After comparison of the chromosomes of 42 species or subspecies belonging to Cercopithecinae, Papioninae and Colobidae, a phylogeny based on the sequence of chromosomal rearrangements is proposed for Cercopithecoidea. From their last common ancestor, which possessed 46 chromosomes, a trifurcation gave 3 branches, very unequal as regards chromosomal rearrangements. One, very short, leads to Papioninae. Another, still poorly known, leads to Colobidae. The last branch leads to a further bifurcation, separating 2 groups of Cercopithecinae, with underwent the most active chromosomal evolution. A tentative to reconcile chromosomal, biochemical and morphological data is presented for Papioninae, for which chromosome study alone is not sufficient to construct a cladogram. PMID- 6984632 TI - [Localization of the gene for ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase on the 2q32 to 2qter segment by interspecies cellular hybridization]. PMID- 6984633 TI - [Evaluation of the fertility of human sperm by interspecies (man-hamster) in vitro fertilization]. AB - An "in vitro" fertilization test employing zona-free hamster eggs was used to analyse human spermatozoal fertilizing ability. Sperms from 28 men (group 1) whose wives were candidates for "in vitro" fertilization and embryo transfer, and from 5 men belonging to infertile couples (group 2), were evaluated for their ability to penetrate and decondense in zona-free hamster ova. All men had spermiograms in the normal range. A total of 529 eggs were inseminated with spermatozoa from group 1 and the fertilization rate was found to range from 8% to 100% with an average of 57.5%. Of the 130 ova tested with sperm from group 2 individuals, only one showed any evidence of penetration. The fertilization rate and the degree of polyspermy failed to show a significant correlation with sperm concentration in the ejaculate or motility. This cross-species system is a useful additional test to the classic spermiogram and may have a potential value as a diagnostic tool in evaluating human spermatozoal fertilizing capacity, avoiding the ethical and logistical problems associated with fertilization of human eggs "in vitro". PMID- 6984635 TI - The idiotypic network: the murine MOPC315 anti-DNP system. AB - BALB/c mice were immunized against a monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody (Id 315.1.4) directed against the myeloma DNP-binding protein MOPC315 (IgA-lambda 2). This antibody is specific for an MOPC315 "private" idiotope, and the expression of this idiotope requires the interaction between MOPC315 heavy and lambda chains. Two categories of antibodies, able to combine with Id 315.1.4, were characterized in the sera of anti-Id 315.1.4 mice: (1) antibodies with a kappa light chain and without detectable anti-DNP function, and (2) antibodies with a lambda light chain and able to combine with DNP antigen. This observation suggests that the idiotypic network is not close-ended for a given idiotypic system but must be connected with other systems. PMID- 6984636 TI - Purification and properties of two different alpha 1-protease inhibitors from mouse plasma. PMID- 6984637 TI - HLA antigens in patients with chronic biologically false-positive seroreactions for syphilis and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6984638 TI - Immunological studies in patients with alopecia receiving dinitrochlorobenzene and cimetidine therapy. AB - Twenty-one patients with alopecia were screened for the immune reactivity of their peripheral blood lymphocytes. Generally, patients had only eczematous reactions when rather strong solutions of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were applied. One-third of the patients had lymphocytes with in vitro reactivity towards dinitrofluorobenzene-albumin in a lymphocyte transformation test. The percentage of T lymphocyte subpopulations in blood was normal, together with a normal in vitro function after mitogen and antigen stimulation. Six of the patients were treated with 1 g cimetidine daily for 6 weeks. We could not find clinical or immunological changes during the therapy. The findings are discussed in relation to other immunological studies of patients with alopecia and the eventual effect of cimetidine on the immune system. PMID- 6984639 TI - Cutaneous immunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. AB - The case of a 69-year-old male patient with an unusual type of malignant lymphoma is presented. Clinically, it was at first characterized by follicular papules and erythematous patches, later, by the development of cutaneous tumors and enlarged lymph nodes, and by a severe, finally excruciating pruritus. Treatment with PUVA (psoralen-ultraviolet-A) combined with 40--80 mg prednisolone and then with chemotherapy [COPP regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbacine, prednisone), high-dosage methotrexate followed by citrovorum factor rescue] was not successful. The patient died of pneumonia 2.5 years after the onset of the first clinical symptoms. An immunoblastic infiltrate was observed histologically and electromicroscopically in the initial lesions of the skin. Therefore, the diagnosis of a cutaneous immunoblastic T-cell lymphoma was tentatively made at the beginning, which was later confirmed in numerous biopsies and laboratory investigations. Immunocytologically and enzymecytochemically, the infiltrating cells were shown to be immature T cells; in the lymph nodes, numerous immunoblasts and large Sezary cells was observed in the peripheral blood, though there were no very large Sezary cells or blast cells. In the autopsy, a systemic involvement with an atypical lymphoid infiltration was found in numerous internal organs. The special nature of this case justifies its classification as high grade malignant lymphoma and its differentiation from normal cases of mycosis fungoides. In contrast, mycosis fungoides generally fulfils criteria typical of low-grade malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6984641 TI - Computed tomography in schizophrenics and normal volunteers. II. Cranial asymmetry. AB - We studied cranial asymmetry in 31 schizophrenics and 32 normal volunteers, all of whom were male and right-handed. Automated measures of computed tomographic (CT) scans were used to estimate global hemicranial and hemispheric ventricular volume differences. A manual method was used to measure hemicranial asymmetries between the widths of the frontal and occipital areas on CT images. The observers making the measurements were unaware of the group membership of the subjects. High reliability was established for the manual method. In contrast to findings by other investigators, no group differences were observed. Methodologic flaws in earlier studies may account for this discrepancy. PMID- 6984642 TI - Cerebral ventricular enlargement in subtypes of chronic schizophrenia. AB - A computed tomographic study of the brain in 55 young men with chronic schizophrenia and 27 age- and sex-matched control subjects showed a significantly higher ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) in the patients with chronic schizophrenia. Using the Tsuang-Winokur criteria, the sample was classified into paranoid and nonparanoid-hebephrenic subtypes. Nonparanoid patients who did not fulfill the criteria for hebephrenia were grouped as a nonparanoid-undifferentiated subtype. All three groups of subtypes had a significantly higher mean VBR than control subjects. Among the schizophrenia subtypes, the paranoid and nonparanoid hebephrenic groups were not different, and both had a significantly larger mean VBR than the nonparanoid-undifferentiated group. The results suggest that although the extent of ventricular enlargement varies among schizophrenia subtypes, they all show a significant enlargement compared with the control group. Also, in contrast with previous reports linking a high VBR with negative symptoms, poor prognosis, and impaired cognition, the data in this study show the largest mean VBR in the paranoid patients who generally have a good premorbid history, positive symptoms, less impaired cognition, and relatively better prognosis. PMID- 6984640 TI - T-cell imbalance in progressive systemic sclerosis defined by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6984643 TI - Computed tomography in schizophreniform disorder and other acute psychiatric disorders. AB - To assess whether computed tomographic findings are present at the onset of schizophrenia, we evaluated CT scans of 35 patients with first-episode schizophreniform disorder, 17 with chronic schizophrenia, 23 with affective disorders, 27 with other psychiatric disorders, and 26 controls. Both the schizophreniform and the chronic schizophrenic patients had significantly larger cerebral ventricles than did the other psychiatric or control subjects. Ventricular size in the patients with affective disorder was not significantly different than in any of the other groups. Twenty percent of the schizophreniform patients had enlarged ventricles, (ventricular-brain ratio, greater than 10). The only other subjects outside this limit were four chronic schizophrenic patients (24%). Five schizophreniform patients and three with affective disorder had evidence of mild cortical atrophy. The results suggest that, in some schizophrenic patients, ventricular enlargement and less frequently cortical atrophy predate the onset of psychoses and are not a result of psychiatric treatment. PMID- 6984644 TI - Computed tomography in schizophrenia. Disparities in the prevalence of abnormalities. PMID- 6984645 TI - [Morphophysiological reaction of vital bush-like receptors of Rana temporaria to novocaine application]. AB - Morpho-physiological reaction of alive bush-like interoceptors in the Rana temporaria isolated urinary bladder to the effect of procaine hydrochloride (PH) solution (0.5 and 0.05%) has been studied. Total impulse activity of the receptors has been studied synchronously with changes occurring in their structures. The alive receptors are revealed by means of methylene blue in concentration 1.6 X 10(-4) mol/l. PH sharply inhibits the impulse activity which is completely damped under 0.05% solution nearly in 12-13 min, and at administration of 0.5% solution--in 1-2 min. The impulse amplitude is decreasing. Morphological and tinctorial shifts, produced by PH administration, appear later- in 15-20 min on the background of a completely inhibited impulse activity and are manifested as swelling and increasing size of terminal plates, formation of varicosities on the preterminals and in the region of the Ranvier node, deterioration of staining properties and their dynamic changes. PMID- 6984647 TI - Rectal bleeding. PMID- 6984646 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of obstructive defects in the digestive tract by means of real time echography]. PMID- 6984648 TI - Heterograft valve replacement experience. AB - Survey of implantation of porcine heterograft valves in the Dunedin Cardiac Surgical Unit has been reviewed covering 140 patients and 166 valves with a follow-up ranging from 1-55 months. The low mortality, minimal complication rate and absence of long term anticoagulants in the post operative regime are emphasized. Discussion centres on the low rate of complications and the usefulness of this valve. As with all biological valves durability is still in question. PMID- 6984649 TI - Aortointestinal fistulae following aortic reconstruction. AB - Six patients with aortointestinal fistula have been treated at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH) over the last decade. Four had their initial vascular reconstruction at RPAH and two were referred. This represents an incidence of 0.8% following aortic reconstruction at this hospital. All presented with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIT) and two also had infective complications. Preoperative investigations were helpful in only half the patients. Three died as a direct result of the aortointestinal fistula. Later complications occurred in two of three patients where the graft was not removed. The most important aspect of management is suspicion of aortointestinal fistula as a cause for GIT bleeding in a patient with previous aortic surgery. Effective surgical management requires removal of the graft and early revascularization. PMID- 6984650 TI - Identification of lymphocytes extracted from bovine hemal nodes. AB - Lymphocyte populations extracted and separated from hemal nodes (HN) and peripheral blood of 20 male healthy bovines were characterized by surface markers and the rosette-forming test. After treatment with FITC- or peroxidase-conjugated antibovine IgG, about 22% of cells from HN and peripheral blood showed superficial fluorescence (B cells) and about 13% were able to form "E rosettes" (T cells) with sheep erythrocytes pre-treated with neuraminidase. Nearly equal percentages were obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes. On the basis of the data shown, we can conclude that the function of HN is, at least in healthy animals, analogous with that of lymph nodes. In this study we also used the SEM to evaluate the possibility of classifying the lymphoid cells as B and T lymphocytes on the basis of their surface morphology. Some authors have stated that B and T lymphocytes have a rough and smooth surface, respectively. In our experience, however, because of cells with a moderate number of surface microvilli exist, this method used on its own is not suitable for lymphocyte identification. PMID- 6984651 TI - Interaction of clavulanate with the beta-lactamases of Streptomyces albus G and Actinomadura R39. AB - The reactions of beta-lactamases of Actinomadura R39 and Streptomyces albus G with clavulanate proceed along branched pathways. Both enzymes perform the hydrolysis of this beta-lactam with rather high efficiencies (kcat. = 18s-1 and 52s-1 respectively). If large clavulanate/enzyme ratios are used, complete inactivation of the enzymes is observed. At lower ratios, inactivation is only partial. Irreversible inactivation occurs after 400 and 20000 turnovers for the A. R39 and S. albus G enzymes respectively. With the A. R39 beta-lactamase, a transiently inhibited complex is also formed that remains undetectable with the S. albus G beta-lactamase. Kinetic models are presented and studied for the interaction between clavulanate and both enzymes. A tentative general reaction scheme is also discussed. PMID- 6984652 TI - Commentary on the Home Office Report on the effects of cannabis use (1982). PMID- 6984653 TI - Commentary on the Home Office Report on the effects of cannabis use (1982). PMID- 6984654 TI - A comparison of Augmentin and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of adult infections in general practice. PMID- 6984655 TI - Medical management of the painful shoulder. PMID- 6984657 TI - Effects of smoking and age on serum levels of immune-reactive proteins altered in cancer patients. AB - In patients with solid malignancies, such as those associated with chronic smoking, levels of immunosuppressive acute-phase proteins (haptoglobin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin) are increased and correlate directly with extent of tumor and inversely with immune reactivity. Other serum proteins with immunorestorative properties (alpha 2HS-glycoprotein, prealbumin) are decreased and correlate directly with immune reactivity. Serum levels of these glycoproteins and albumin were measured in normal volunteers (132 cigarette smoking and 140 nonsmoking) to determine the effects of smoking history, age, and sex on protein levels. The alpha 1-acid glycoprotein increased, whereas albumin decreased with age in both groups, and haptoglobin increased with age in smokers. The alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, and albumin levels also correlated with the extent of smoking (pack-years). In a comparison of age- and sex-matched smokers and nonsmokers, alpha 1-antitrypsin uniquely and significantly increased (P less than 0.001) in smokers but was not related to age or extent of smoking. The diagnostic and immunological implications of smoking and age-related changes in serum protein levels are discussed. PMID- 6984656 TI - Opsonization of tumor-reactive T cells in SJL/J mice bearing syngeneic tumors. PMID- 6984659 TI - Migration of recently divided B and T lymphocytes to peritoneum and lung. PMID- 6984658 TI - T-cell control of B-cell proliferation uncoupled from differentiation. PMID- 6984661 TI - Stimulation of splenic T cells on syngeneic monolayers of epidermal basal cells (EBC) in mice. Regulation by Lyt 1+ and Lyt 2+ cell subsets. PMID- 6984660 TI - Lymphocyte potentiation factors secreted in vitro by tonsil lymphocytes. PMID- 6984662 TI - Natural killer activity: effector cells in purified human T or null cells have different phenotypes defined by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6984663 TI - [Familial uveitis]. PMID- 6984664 TI - [Late infection in intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 6984665 TI - [Goldenhar syndrome with neuroparalytic keratitis and lacrimal hyposecretion]. PMID- 6984666 TI - Use of B.C.G. as loco-regional aspecific immunostimulator in cervical carcinoma. AB - This study concerns the possible use of BCG in oncologic gynecology for loco regionauthorsl stimulation or loco aspecific active immunotherapy. The authors administered BCG into the portio of 45 women affected by cervical cancer (stage I and stage II) immediately after the cytohistologic diagnosis and 21 days before the surgical intervention. The authors conclude that the submucosal inoculation of BCG into the portio causes hyperplastic reactions in this area and in the loco regional lymphatic system with stimulation of the T-lymphocytes and with production of Interferon. Anyway this stimulation has a limited duration. PMID- 6984667 TI - Neutrophil product with lymphocyte activating factor activity. AB - Lymphocyte activating factor (LAF) is a monocyte derived product which has the ability to enhance the proliferative response of murine thymocytes to the T cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). In this report, we have demonstrated that supernatants from normal human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and from granules obtained from PMNs exhibit activity identical to LAF when tested against mouse thymocytes. Our results suggest that PMNs may release factors essential for T cell activation and thus, like monocytes, may serve as important accessory cells in the development of T cell-dependent immunity. PMID- 6984668 TI - LDH isoenzymes in the T lymphocytes of patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia. PMID- 6984669 TI - Lymphocyte dysfunction in cartilage hair hypoplasia. II. Evidence for a cell cycle specific defect in T cell growth. PMID- 6984671 TI - Role of sulphydryl groups in T lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - The role of thiols in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was investigated by studying the thiols of the target cell and cytotoxic cell separately. Agents which protect the reduced thiols of the target cell inhibit their lysis by the cytotoxic T cells; thiol reactive reagents may be directly toxic to the target cell. The thiol groups of the effector cell are also important, since pre-treatment with thiol reactive reagents inhibits killing. PMID- 6984672 TI - Role of HLA in IgA nephropathy. PMID- 6984670 TI - Lethal effect of the intravenous injection of H-2 alloantigen activated T cells. AB - T cells of C57BL/6J (B6) mice activated in vitro against the K and D determinants of the H-2d haplotype, and expanded in tissue culture in the presence of interleukin 2, were capable of rapidly killing lethally irradiated BALB/c recipients when injected intravenously. Mice given 10(6), 10(7) and 10(8) such T cells survived 10.5, 8.5 and 0.5 days respectively. Mice given irradiation only survived 10.5 days. Mice given 10(8) B6 T cells activated against all determinants of a third party haplotype (H-2k) survived 8.5 days. Respiratory distress developed within 3 hr of injection in mice given 10(8) T cells activated against the H-2 alloantigens of the recipient haplotype, and at autopsy their lungs showed pulmonary congestion, focal obliteration of the alveolar space and thickening of alveolar interstitial tissue with fibrin, red cell and a mononuclear cell infiltrate. These findings may have relevance to the use of cellular immunotherapy. PMID- 6984675 TI - [Frequency distribution of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei]. PMID- 6984673 TI - Effect of calorie restriction on the production and responsiveness to interleukin 2 in (NZB X NZW)F1 mice. PMID- 6984676 TI - [In vitro effect of calf thymosin on T cell of cancer patients]. PMID- 6984677 TI - [Intracranial choroid plexus papilloma in children]. PMID- 6984678 TI - Effects of long-term steroid suppression on rat adrenal 5 alpha-reductase and 11 beta-hydroxylase activities and corticosterone production in vitro. AB - The effects of prolonged steroid suppression on adrenal 5 alpha-reductase and 11 beta-hydroxylase activities and corticosterone production in vitro was studied in adult male rats. Cortisone acetate was administered at a dose of 2.5 mg/rat daily for 30 days and after that time at a dose of 5 mg/rat every other day. Autopsies were performed on 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60 and 120 days of experiment. Cortisone treatment resulted in a decrease in corticosterone output by quartered adrenals and an earlier and more marked drop in corticosterone production by whole adrenal homogenates. Steroid suppression leads to a marked increase in adrenal 5 alpha-reductase activity assayed on 12,000 X g supernatant, however on 120 day of experiment activity of the enzyme was markedly lower if compared with the earlier time-interval studied. 11 beta-hydroxylase activity, as tested in mitochondrial fraction, on day 12 of experiment was even higher than in control rats and thereafter a marked decline occurred. The studies suggest that adrenal steroid 5 alpha-reductase activity may participate in adaptation of adrenals to a disturbed hormonal status of the organism induced by cortisone treatment. PMID- 6984674 TI - Comparative study of chromosomal structure. PMID- 6984680 TI - Mineral metabolism in Rana temporaria L. during the annual cycle. Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride levels in the serum and lymph. PMID- 6984679 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of tolmetin in normal and adjuvant arthritic Lewis rats. PMID- 6984681 TI - Development of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) in two anti-ATL-associated antigen-positive healthy adults. PMID- 6984682 TI - Ultrastructure of adult T-cell lymphoma. AB - A particular type of adult T-cell lymphoma which occasionally progress to leukemia has been widely accepted as endemic in a restricted area of Kyushu Island in the southwest part of Japan. This type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is called peripheral T-cell lymphoma, pleomorphic lymphoma or adult T-cell leukemia. In this report, the cellular characteristics of 34 cases of adult T-cell lymphoma leukemia were analyzed by electron microscopy. The most prominent feature of adult T-cell lymphoma is nuclear pleomorphism, primarily characterized by nuclear convolution, multilobulation and fragmentation. PMID- 6984683 TI - Expression of differentiation antigens cross-reactive with Ly-6.2 alloantigens on MM102 mouse mammary tumor cells. AB - The present study was carried out to investigate the immunobiological nature of alien antigens which appear as tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA) on MM102 mammary tumor cells. Anti-MM102 tumor-specific anti-serum obtained was used for examining the expression of antigens cross-reactive with TATA of MM102 tumor on lymphoid cells from allogeneic mice. The results demonstrate that this antiserum exhibited an appreciable degree of reactivity against C57BL/6, but not against C3H/He or BALB/c spleen cells. Further analysis revealed that thymocytes and bone marrow cells were marginally susceptible to treatment with anti-MM102 antibody plus complement. In contrast, portions of peripheral T and B lymphocytes were found to exhibit such cross-reactive antigens. It was also demonstrated that the strain distribution of expression of MM-TATA-cross-reactive antigens was completely correlated with that of Ly-6.2 alloantigens. Moreover, anti Ly-6.2 monoclonal antibody lysed MM102 tumor cells in the presence of rabbit complement. These results indicate that TATA of MM102 tumor cells are cross-reactive with differentiation antigens which develop on allogeneic lymphoid cells and are closely related to Ly-6.2 alloantigens. PMID- 6984684 TI - [Trichomoniasis. Diagnostic problems]. PMID- 6984685 TI - [Vaccination with Solco Trichovac. Immunological aspects of a new principle in the therapy and prevention of reinfection of trichomoniasis in women]. PMID- 6984686 TI - [Changes in the vaginal flora of trichomoniasis patients during Solco Trichovac vaccination]. PMID- 6984687 TI - Electrophysiological correlates of therapeutic activations of artificial stable functional connections in the brain. PMID- 6984688 TI - Mitogenicity of streptococcal extracellular products and antagonism with concanavalin A. AB - Extracellular products have been purified from group A Streptococcus pyogenes culture supernatant fluids and their mitogenicities have been tested on rabbit and mouse lymphocytes. Two fractions were mitogenic: the kappa-fraction (pI = 4.8, mol. wt. = 30,000), a protein which was identified as the erythrogenic toxin, and the epsilon-fraction (pI = 10.3, mol. wt. = 17,000) a glycoprotein, both stimulated rabbit and CBA mouse spleen cells. The stimulation of rabbit thymocytes was weak unless macrophages or 2-mercaptoethanol were added. A third product, the gamma-fraction (a protein, pI = 4.2, mol. wt. = 72,000) was very weakly mitogenic and had the capacity to reduce the stimulation induced by a T cell mitogen, such as Con A, but not by a B-cell mitogen such as Nocardia. PMID- 6984689 TI - The role of human spleen interferon on natural killer activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes enriched in large granular lymphocytes. AB - The elimination of monocytes as well as B- and T-lymphocytes by forming rosettes with high affinity for sheep red blood cells yielded an enriched population of both natural killer (NK) activity (cytotoxicity: 65.4 +/- 9.9% with an E/T ratio of 12:1, P less than 0.005) and large granular lymphocytes (LGL: 76 +/- 13%) compared to the untreated lymphocyte population where NK activity is 35.7 +/- 17.3% (E/T 12:1) and the percentage of LGL of 26 +/- 6%. We studied the action of type I interferon (IFN) obtained from human spleens, on NK activity of 9 peripheral blood lymphocyte populations and 9 enriched in LGL. NK activity of the total lymphocyte population is significantly increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) in 6 out of 9 cases after treatment by interferon. Cell populations enriched in LGL showed increased NK activity in only one case after treatment by interferon, but no increased activity was found in the other cases. These results are compatible with the notion of cellular cooperation in increased NK activity by interferon. PMID- 6984690 TI - The segregation of specific clones of cytotoxic lymphocytes in an in vitro primary response against influenza virus. AB - CBA spleen cells have been stimulated in vitro with A/Jap influenza virus infected CBA spleen cells to generate a 'primary' cytotoxic lymphocyte (CL) response. The culture conditions were devised to allow the segregation of individual clones of CL and cytotoxicity measured by the lysis of infected or non infected L-929 cells. The specificity was assessed by splitting clones and measuring the ability of the clones to discriminate between pairs of targets. Influenza A/FMI and A/Jap strains were used. Subsets of clones were detected which could lyze either A/Jap-infected or A/FMI-infected target cells. In addition CL clones were found which lyzed uninfected L-929 cells and a fourth category were clones which could not discriminate between A/FMI-and A/Jap infected targets. PMID- 6984691 TI - State of immunological reactivity in tuberculosis patients. PMID- 6984693 TI - Toxic effects of locally administered drugs and ocular side effects of drugs following systemic administration. PMID- 6984694 TI - Cancer therapy--an immunological approach. PMID- 6984692 TI - Immunopathological alterations in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6984696 TI - Antinuclear antibodies in primary glaucoma and endogenous anterior uveitis. PMID- 6984695 TI - Evaluation of acquired colour defects by F.M. 100 Hue test. PMID- 6984697 TI - [Dental extractions in patients taking anticoagulants]. PMID- 6984698 TI - Lymphocyte populations in patients with myasthenia gravis. Influence of thymectomy and immunosuppressive drugs. AB - The T/B peripheral blood lymphocyte ratio was evaluated in 51 patients with myasthenia gravis by means of the rosette test and HTLA. Total T cells and T gamma and Tmu were decreased while B lymphocytes were increased. E-active rosettes were also above the normal range. The previous thymectomy and/or immunosuppressive treatment restored the T lymphocytes identified by HTLA to normal range while those identified by E rosettes were still reduced. This difference may be due to the different stages of T lymphocyte maturation. PMID- 6984699 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in postconcussion syndrome. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded from 55 patients with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) to elicit evidence of an organic and subclinical brainstem disorder. Fifteen patients (27.3%) showed abnormal responses unilaterally or bilaterally, especially for one or more interpeak latencies prolonged beyond the upper 99% confidence limits. Other 9 patients had borderline responses. The BAEP alterations were not correlated either with dizziness at the time of recording, or with vestibular troubles in the routine caloric test. Though BAEP abnormalities may be present a long time after injury, we found an improvement of responses in the majority of 14 re-tested patients. These data show that BAEP can give an objective demonstration of a reversible brainstem disorder in patients with PCS. PMID- 6984701 TI - Ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase. A direct method for light and electron microscopy. AB - A method is described allowing localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by both light and electron microscopy. During the reaction lead thio-diacetyl is decomposed, and therefore precipitated as PbS in the presence of native -SH group produced by the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine perchlorate. The reaction takes place at neutral pH, since improves the sensitivity of AChE localizations. Application of the method to parasympathetic neurons showed that AChE was mainly localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the perikaryons. No reaction was visible in glial cells. AChE was also localized on the plasma membrane of parasympathetic neurons. In mouse embryo muscles AChE activity was seen to be high and was not yet restricted to the synaptic area. The well developed Schwann cells accompanying the neurites displayed constant AChE activity on their plasma membrane. PMID- 6984700 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in a case of 'Manto syndrome', or spasmodic torticollis with thoracic outlet syndrome. AB - A case of spasmodic torticollis with thoracic outlet syndrome observed for over 18 months is presented and discussed. Maximal head rotation (determining backward gaze) was associated with compression of the brachial plexus between the scaleni muscles and motor, sensory and trophic troubles in the hand. This new syndrome is called after the diviner Manto, quoted by Dante Alighieri in his 'Divina Commedia' (Inferno, XX, 52-56). The etiology was ascribed to subacute toxic effects of methylparathion. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEPs) demonstrated severe brainstem involvement, maximal in the mesencephalic structures. Clinical and neurophysiological data improved on treatment with L-5 hydroxytryptophan. Finally, BAEPs returned to normal. PMID- 6984702 TI - A retrovirus from human leukemia cell lines: its isolation, characterization, and implication in human adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). AB - We have tried to isolate a retrovirus from adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) which is a new clinical entity of T-cell malignancy. This disease shows a peculiar geographic clustering of patient birthplaces in the southwestern part of Japan. A retrovirus was isolated from the T-cell line, MT-2, which was established from cord lymphocytes cocultivated with leukemic cells from an ATL patient and characterized by: (a) density of 1.152-1.155 g/ml in sucrose gradient; (b) reverse transcriptase activity; (c) specific protein components; (d) RNA labeled with 3H-uridine, and (e) specific DNA complementary with viral RNA. The retrovirus was named adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV). Complementary DNA (cDNA) prepared by the endogenous reaction of detergent-treated virions hybridized with 35S RNA in MT-2 cells and another ATL cell line, MT-1, and this 35S RNA was inducible with IUDR treatment of the MT-1 cells, indicating that ATLV is a typical retrovirus containing 35S RNA as the genome. However, the cDNA did not show any detectable hybridization with cellular RNA of other human cell lines unrelated to ATL. The ATLV proviral DNA was detected in the chromosomal DNA of MT 1 and MT-2 cell lines as well well as in fresh peripheral blood cells of all five patients with ATL tested; however, it was not found in those of three healthy adults. Furthermore, sera from the patients reacted with one component of the ATLV protein, but normal sera did not. These sera and all other sera from ATL patients were previously shown to react with antigen(s) in leukemic cells of ATL, and the antigen(s) also reacted with sera from about 25% of the healthy adults in the endemic area, but not in the non-endemic area. These close associations of ATLV proviral DNA and proteins with ATL are direct evidence strongly suggesting the involvement of the retrovirus, ATLV, in the leukemogenesis of human ATL. PMID- 6984703 TI - Effect of applied dc currents on experimental tumor growth in rats. AB - Morris Hepatoma experimental tumor in ACI rats is treated with small anodal direct current via an implantable power pack unit. There was major retardation in tumor growth when the treatment was started early. There was enhancement of tumor growth when the treatment was started early and then was discontinued. There was no statistical difference in growth control of the experimental tumor when the electrotherapy was given after the half-life of the tumor was achieved. This last point will be the most important to the clinician scientist, for it simulates the clinical situation that faces the treating physician. PMID- 6984704 TI - Viral hepatitis in pregnancy. PMID- 6984705 TI - [Infection and host responses. Susceptibility of diabetic patients to infections and their immunologic mechanisms]. PMID- 6984706 TI - [Infection and host responses. (5) Rickettsial infections and host responses]. PMID- 6984707 TI - [Case of renal carcinoma with polycythemia and in vitro burst promoting activity (BPA) of the cystic fluid extracted from the tumor]. PMID- 6984708 TI - [Immunological abnormalities in ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6984709 TI - IgA-containing plasma cells in the intestinal mucosa of children with selective IgA deficiency. AB - In 8 children with selective IgA deficiency (serum IgA less than 5 mg/dl, secretory IgA less than 0.5 mg/dl in unstimulated saliva) immunofluorescent staining of intestinal biopsy specimens revealed the presence of IgA-containing plasma cells. This finding supports the hypothesis that in the intestinal mucosa of patients with IgA deficiency B lymphocytes undergo "sterile" differentiation into IgA-containing plasma cells probably incapable of secreting the IgA synthesized. PMID- 6984710 TI - Neutron scattering studies of photosynthetic membranes in aqueous dispersion. PMID- 6984711 TI - [Hemodynamic and hormonal changes during enflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 6984713 TI - [Leukemic B-cell lymphoma with special reference to cytogenetic and immunologic markers]. PMID- 6984712 TI - [Case of adult T-cell leukemia with massive intestinal involvement presenting severe diarrhea as chief symptom]. PMID- 6984714 TI - [Case of confluent milium (proposed)]. PMID- 6984715 TI - [Epidermotropically metastatic malignant melanoma: differentiation from primary melanoma]. PMID- 6984716 TI - [Notes on the characteristics of peculiar stroma cells in Pringle's disease (III). Changes in the DNA volumes analyzed by cytofluorometry]. PMID- 6984717 TI - [Development of cutaneous lymphatic vessels in guinea pigs. Light and electron microscopic observations]. PMID- 6984718 TI - [In vitro studies of plane warts during spontaneous regression]. PMID- 6984719 TI - [The presence of anti-T gamma cell antibody and its role in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome with primary glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6984720 TI - [Nursing of patients with liver cirrhosis. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ascites]. PMID- 6984721 TI - [Humoral autoimmune phenomena during long-term lithium treatment with special reference to thyroid autoantibodies]. AB - In a retrospective study, 58 outpatients under long-term therapy with lithium were examined with regard to humoral autoantibodies. Fifty-five schizophrenic outpatients under neuroleptic treatment served as controls. We examined antithyroidal antibodies (TAK, MAK), smooth muscle antibodies (SMA), antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), and antinuclear antibodies (ANA). In the lithium group there was a significant higher prevalence of antithyroidal antibodies (33%) as compared to the control group (9%). Ten patients out of 19 patients with antithyroidal antibodies showed MAK as well as TAK; moreover we found a characteristic pattern: MAK greater than or equal to TAK. All lithium treated patients were euthyroid. Five patients out of the group with antithyroidal antibodies had goiter, three showed temporarily elevated serum concentrations of basal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). We did not find such elevated levels of TSH in the group of eight patients with goiter but without antithyroidal antibodies. There was neither a correlation between the examined parameters and the lithium serum concentration nor the additional psychotropic medication. Our results indicate a significant higher prevalence of antithyroidal antibodies under long-term therapy with lithium as compared to a psychiatric control group. We do not consider these autoimmune phenomena as relevant pathogenetic factors. PMID- 6984722 TI - Color blindness and alcohol use. PMID- 6984723 TI - [Systematization in processing of nursing information]. PMID- 6984724 TI - [Microsurgical anastomosis of the rat uterus using fibrin tissue adhesive. Fibrinolysis autographic studies]. PMID- 6984725 TI - Work stress and immune system: lymphocyte reactions during rotating shift work. Preliminary results. PMID- 6984726 TI - [Changes of the visual apparatus in arc welders]. PMID- 6984727 TI - Metabolic and hormonal factors influencing extrarenal buffering of an acute acid load. AB - This study evaluates metabolic and hormonal factors influencing extrarenal buffering of an acute acid load. Phosphate deprivation of 2 weeks duration was associated with enhanced extrarenal acid buffering. The enhanced extrarenal buffering capacity of phosphate deprivation was not dependent on the presence of parathyroid glands. Parathyroid hormone administration to phosphate-deprived rats promoted a further enhancement of the buffering capacity of an acid load. Blood pH and HCO3 during acid loading were not significantly different between control and diphosphonate-treated rats and between phosphate-deprived rats and phosphate deprived rats treated with diphosphonate. The mortality rate, however, was significantly higher in diphosphonate-treated rats than in rats not receiving the drug suggesting that diphosphonate blunts the buffering of an acid load in both control and phosphate-deprived rats. Chronic vitamin D administration and acute administration of arginine vasopressin in pharmacologic doses were associated with significant enhancement of buffering capacity as compared to control rats. Thyrocalcitonin administration to intact but not thyroparathyroidectomized rats was associated with diminished capacity to buffer an acid load. These data demonstrate that the buffering of an acute acid load is influenced by a number of dietary and hormonal factors probably acting at the level of the bone. PMID- 6984729 TI - Pancreatic edema: its effect on the function and morphology of the pancreas in dogs and rats. PMID- 6984728 TI - [Drug dependence and psychoses. Psychotic syndromes in juvenile drug users]. PMID- 6984730 TI - Observer error in biopsy interpretations and outcome in chronic hepatitis. PMID- 6984731 TI - Smoke and chronic gastritis. PMID- 6984732 TI - A random sample for management and planning: social research at the Mount Sinai Hospital. PMID- 6984734 TI - Acute intraabdominal hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysms of the splenic artery. PMID- 6984733 TI - The role of internal sphincterotomy. PMID- 6984736 TI - Hypernephroma metastatic to a parathyroid adenoma eighteen years after nephrectomy. PMID- 6984735 TI - Maxillary sinusitis: isolation of Scedosporium (Monosporium) apiospermum, anamorph of Petriellidium (Allescheria) boydii. PMID- 6984737 TI - Salmonellosis and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: a case report. PMID- 6984738 TI - Unusual roentgenographic appearance of a pseudotumor in the pleural space: a case report. PMID- 6984739 TI - Multinodular thoracic densities in an ex-shipyard worker. PMID- 6984740 TI - Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia and pseudotumor cerebri in a patient with primary empty sella syndrome: case report with review of the literature. PMID- 6984741 TI - Clinical significance of the detection of circulating immune complexes in lupus nephritis. AB - 32 patients (22 biopsed) with lupus nephritis (LN) were observed for circulating immune complexes (IC). Solid phase C1q (SPC1q) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation tests were used. The patients were studied during the clinical follow-up in different phases of disease activity. Comparative studies between each histological class of LN and corresponding forms of idiopathic glomerulonephritis (IGN) were made: no significant differences were found between either mesangial LN and stalk mesangial IGN, or between focal proliferative LN an focal proliferative IGN. However, a significant difference was found for SPC1q data between diffuse proliferative LN and mesangiocapillary IGN, and between membranous LN and membranous IGN. LN, with an acute nephritic syndrome and hypocomplementemia, displayed SPC1q data significantly above the levels of IC found in IGN with similar clinical features. IC serum data would seem an important element for the diagnosis and the clinical management of patients affected by LN. PMID- 6984742 TI - [Detection of liver cell membrane antibodies in patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6984743 TI - [Topical ionophoresis in dentin hypersensitivity]. PMID- 6984744 TI - [Fundamental remarks on the philosophy of implantation. When should implants be fitted]. PMID- 6984745 TI - [Use of suture threads in oral and maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 6984746 TI - [Clinical considerations on the use of ketamine chloride in dentistry]. PMID- 6984747 TI - [Anticaries efficacy in fluoride prevention]. PMID- 6984748 TI - [Patient fear of dental treatment]. PMID- 6984749 TI - [Fixation of loose teeth with endodontic stabilization]. PMID- 6984750 TI - [The Fistulamat. A new instrument for apical opening]. PMID- 6984751 TI - Vestibular-based functions and behavior problems of children in special education and regular classes. AB - This study examined the relationship between vestibular-based functions and behavior problems in 101 children enrolled in special education and regular classes. Children in special education displayed more vestibular-based deficits than those in regular classes. Low to moderate significant correlations were found between vestibular-based functions and behavior problems. PMID- 6984754 TI - [SPECT (201T1) of the myocardium after experimental infarction]. AB - On the basis of an experimental model the extent was studied to which even small intramural myocardial ischemia can be demonstrated by SPECT. For this purpose ligature of the Ramus interventricularis anterior (n = 10) or of the Ramus circumflexus (n = 2) of the left coronary artery was performed in 12 dogs to produce myocardial lesions of the anterior and posterior wall. Transmission computed tomography (TCAT) served as a control method in 10 dogs showing that 6 lesions were transmural and 4 intramural. All infarctions could be detected by SPECT with a rotating gamma camera (TCAT: 9/10). TCAT after contrast media enhancement with its morphological advantages (high resolution) should, however, not be used in the acute phase of myocardial infarction because of its hemodynamic side effects. Thus, SPECT with 201T1 remains the method of choice even for the proof of minor intramural (acute) ischemic lesions. PMID- 6984752 TI - [Utilization and evaluation of computer system in radiology--with special reference to nuclear medicine]. PMID- 6984753 TI - Assessment of regional myocardial uptake and metabolism of omega-(p-123I-phenyl) pentadecanoic acid with serial single-photon emission tomography. AB - The utility of myocardial imaging and assessment of regional myocardial metabolism of omega-(123I-paraphenyl-)pentadecanoic acid (I-PPA) by means of serial single-photon tomography is demonstrated in animal experiments. High quality cross sectional images of dog hearts with clear delineation of left ventricular walls are obtained. Myocardial infarcts are visualized as areas of deficient radioactivity uptake. I-PPA elimination from non-infarcted myocardial regions is significantly (p less than 0.001) prolonged when compared with unaffected controls. Hence, not only localized absence of uptake of free fatty acid by infarcted myocardium can be demonstrated with serial single-photon tomography but also general impairment of cardiac FFA-metabolism. PMID- 6984755 TI - [Diagnostic value of sacroiliac-joint scintigraphy in acute iridocyclitis]. AB - The association between acute iridocyclitis (a.i.) and sacroiliitis/ankylosing spondylitis is well known. Since bone scintigraphy is a sensitive method of detecting sacroiliitis before radiologic evidence of this condition appears, we examined the role of scintiscanning in the investigation of sacroiliitis in patients with a.i. The sacroiliac-joint/sacrum ratio was determined in 30 control subjects and in 21 patients with a.i., who showed no radiologic signs of sacroiliitis. No discrimination between patients with a.i. and control subjects was obtained by scintigraphy, neither did we find any difference in the mean sacroiliac-joint/sacrum ratios between HLA-B-27-positive and HLA-B-27-negative individuals with a.i. This study does not support the claim that patients with a.i. often suffer from clinically and radiologically silent sacroiliitis which would be detected only by scintigraphy. According to our results, regular scintigraphic examinations of the sacroiliac joint in all patients with a.i. are not indicated. PMID- 6984757 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of the results of computerized tomography of the brain in ataxia telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome) in children]. PMID- 6984756 TI - The distribution of corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactive neurons in rat brain. AB - Using the indirect immunofluorescent technique, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactive nerve fibers and cell bodies were observed to be widely distributed in rat brain. A detailed stereotaxic atlas of CRF-like immunoreactive neurons was prepared. Large numbers of CRF-containing perikarya were observed in the nucleus paraventricularis, with scattered cells in the following nuclei: accumbens, interstitialis stria terminalis, preopticus medialis, supraopticus, periventricularis hypothalami, amygdaloideus centralis, dorsomedialis, substantia grisea centralis, parabrachialis dorsalis and ventralis, tegmenti dorsalis lateralis, vestibularis medialis, tractus solitarius and reticularis lateralis. The most intense staining of CRF-containing fibers was observed in the external lamina of the median eminence. Moderate numbers of CRF-like fibers were observed in the following nuclei: lateralis and medialis septi, tractus diagonalis, interstitialis stria terminalis, preopticus medialis, supraopticus, periventricularis thalami and hypothalami, paraventricularis, anterior ventralis and medialis thalami, rhomboideus, amygdaloideus centralis, habenulae lateralis, dorsomedialis, ventromedialis, substantia grisea centralis, cuneiformis, parabrachialis dorsalis and ventralis, tegmenti dorsalis lateralis, cerebellum, vestibularis medialis, reticularis lateralis, substantia gelatinosa trigemini and lamina I and II of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The present findings suggest that a CRF-like peptide may be involved in a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role, as well as a hypophysiotropic role. PMID- 6984758 TI - The selectivity of the anorectic effect of satietin. IV. The ineffectiveness of satietin on the sexual performance of male CFY rats. AB - Satietin a recently discovered potent endogenous anorectic agent was claimed to be a highly selective anorectic substance, devoid of any effect on other behavioral system. In the copulator male rats, in contrast to amphetamine, fenfluramine and fluoxetine it failed to influence the mating activity. This finding further supports the view that satietin has highly selective effect on feeding behavior. PMID- 6984759 TI - Electric stimulation of the alveolar tissue in endosseous implants. PMID- 6984760 TI - Cartilage proteoglycan interactions with C1q and the localization of aggregated IgG complexes in cartilage. PMID- 6984761 TI - The relationship of monocytic cells to the differentiation and resorption of bone. AB - Osteogenesis in the developing limb is, as elsewhere, the result of two functionally integrated processes, bone matrix synthesis and matrix degradation. The latter process is a manifestation of the resorptive activity of osteoclasts (OCs), multinucleated giant cells which arise by fusion of mononuclear, blood borne precursors. For the past several years, we have focused our efforts on several different aspects of OC development and differentiation. These efforts have included observations on patients with osteopetrosis, an analysis of monocyte (OC precursor) chemotaxis in response to bone matrix proteins, and the use of histochemical and bone grafting techniques to establish the lineage and expression of the osteoclast phenotype in the avian embryonic limb. Here, we (1) briefly review the evidence establishing the hematopoietic and probable monocytic origin of OCs, (2) present new data on the role of L-gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in osteocalcin-evoked chemotaxis and (3) describe the time course and likely developmental relationships between the appearance of circulating OC precursor cells, osteoclast differentiation, and the formation of mineralized bone matrix in the chick embryo. The results of the latter study indicate that OC differentiation is initiated by contact between precursor cells and mineralized bone, and suggest that the expression of the OC phenotype is dependent upon proteins or glycoproteins closely associated with bone mineral. We note that osteocalcin is one such protein. PMID- 6984762 TI - Paternal and peer characteristics: interactions and association with male college students' marijuana use. PMID- 6984763 TI - The mechanism of benzodiarone activity. PMID- 6984764 TI - [Behavior of 100 strains of Haemophilus influenzae exposed to 8 beta-lactam antibiotics]. PMID- 6984765 TI - [Endogenous mediators in the acute local inflammatory process. Proteins of the acute central phase. Current data and perspectives]. PMID- 6984766 TI - [Recurrent total atrio-ventricular block during replacement of the aortic valve in a young child]. PMID- 6984767 TI - [Histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6984769 TI - [Clinical study on use of fibrin glue in dental surgery]. PMID- 6984768 TI - [Use of human fibrin glue in dental extractions]. PMID- 6984770 TI - A prospective reappraisal of emergency endoscopy in patients with portal hypertension. AB - In a prospective study of emergency endoscopy in patients with portal hypertension and oesophageal varices referred to King's College Hospital with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, initial endoscopic examination on 90 separate consecutive hospital admissions carried out within 24 h of clinical haemorrhage showed active variceal bleeding in only 21 (23.3%) cases. Coexisting upper gastrointestinal lesions were present in 38.8% of examinations, but active bleeding from these sites was seen in only five cases (5.6%). Of the 64 cases in which no active bleeding was seen at initial endoscopy, 39 (60.9%) rebled during that admission, and repeat endoscopy in 27 of these, carried out within 1 h of this episode, revealed active variceal haemorrhage in 20 (74.1%) cases. These results indicate that variceal haemorrhage is intermittent, and, although bleeding may often stop spontaneously, a high proportion of patients subsequently rebleed, and this is invariably from varices rather than from coexisting upper gastrointestinal lesions. In addition, these findings confirm the importance of emergency endoscopy in making the correct decision about acute management. PMID- 6984771 TI - Comparative diagnostic accuracy of four tubeless pancreatic function tests in chronic pancreatitis. AB - The comparative sensitivity of 4 tubeless pancreatic function tests was evaluated in 125 patients with proved chronic pancreatitis associated with various degrees of pancreatic insufficiency. NBT-PABA, immunoreactive trypsin (IRT), and pancreatic isoamylase (P-iso) were studied in relation to the fecal chymotrypsin test (FCT) and steatorrhea. In advanced insufficiency (steatorrhea or FCT less than 20 micrograms/g) PABA, IRT, and P-iso were pathologically low in only 70-85% of patients. In less severe pancreatic insufficiency (FCT 21-120 micrograms/g) these tests yielded pathological results in 35-53% of patients. Thus the sensitivity of the three tests was comparable and rather low. IRT values (and P iso) were constantly low or progressively decreasing in 64% of patients (30/47) studied repeatedly over an average of 17 months. The serum enzyme tests seem, therefore, to be valuable for monitoring pancreatic insufficiency, like the FCT. This is particularly important for the differential diagnosis of acute (reversible) and chronic (progressive) pancreatitis. PMID- 6984772 TI - Effect of X-irradiation and radiation modifiers on cellular ultrastructure. AB - Ultrastructural changes produced in cultured cells after irradiation by X-rays reflect the temporal development of the original lesions. Alterations in membrane structures, especially the plasma and nuclear membranes, are documented, supporting the suggestion that membrane and membrane-DNA attachment sites are relevant to radiation-induced cell killing. Alterations produced by the radiosensitizer diamide and by anisotonic salt treatments were also observed. Diamide, at 0.4 to 0.6 mmol/L, rapidly decreased the active uptake of K+ ions at the plasma membrane and produced clear, organelle-free regions of cytoplasm and distorted nuclei. Anisotonic NaCl treatment of mitotic cells swells chromosomes under both hypo- and hypertonic conditions, leaving the chromatin open to free radical attack. In interphase, the cell is drastically shrunken during the first few minutes of hypertonic (1.5 mol/L NaCl) salt treatment, after which breaks and localized blebs appear at the plasma membrane, while the nucleus swells, leaving the chromatin in an open state. This process occurs more quickly at 37 degrees C than at room temperature (22 degrees C) and correlates with the relative radiosensitivity of cells treated at these temperatures. PMID- 6984773 TI - Rheumatic symptoms in the middle-aged population in southwestern Finland. PMID- 6984775 TI - Planning system's response to the challenge of rheumatic diseases. AB - The article will treat the following three sections of the national planning in regard to musculoskeletal diseases: research planning, planning of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation by specialists, and planning performed by political decision makers. The national planning system has reacted to the challenge created by the increasing social handicap due to musculoskeletal diseases. PMID- 6984774 TI - Rheumatic disorders in the Finnish health care system in 1964-1976. PMID- 6984776 TI - Epidemiology of rheumatic diseases in Finland in 1964-76. AB - Finnish national interview surveys show that the prevalence rate of self-reported chronic rheumatic disease was 8.8% of the adult population in 1964 and 13.3% in 1976. Most of these diseases were back complaints, which also showed a rapid increase. The prevalence rate of osteoarthritis was 3.2% in 1976, and that of rheumatoid arthritis 1.2%. In 1964 45% and in 1976 more than 60% of the chronic rheumatics reported other chronic diseases as well. 10% were severely and one third slightly restricted with mobility in 1976. Also certain psychic symptoms were surprisingly common among them, and 42% used regularly analgesics. The occurrence of these diseases seems to be associated with socioeconomic changes. The prevalence rate was highest in the poorest areas with negative immigration. Of the working-aged population the diseases were commonest among agricultural workers in 1964, and among disability pensioners retired from this occupational group in 1976. Because of its magnitude and multiple problems this group has become a special challenge to the health care system. PMID- 6984777 TI - Respiratory tract infections caused by beta-lactamase producing organisms treated with augmentin. AB - Twenty-three patients were treated with Augmentin for severe respiratory tract infections caused by beta-lactamase producing organisms. The success rate, clinically and bacteriologically, was 19 out of 23. One non beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae, and three mixed organisms including Staph aureus accounted for the four failures. The elimination of the organisms, sensitive to Augmentin were quick and clinical improvement was seen in 72 hours. The only side effects noted were nausea in three patients, which abated on taking the tablets with meals. Augmentin is a useful drug in the treatment of respiratory tract infection particularly in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. PMID- 6984778 TI - Augmentin (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid) in the treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - Augmentin (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid) is a new oral antibiotic combination which is particularly indicated in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Potentiation of amoxycillin by the clavulanic acid reduces the level of resistance in most Gram-negative urinary pathogens and these organisms are then sensitive to urinary levels of amoxycillin achieved on standard dosage. Clinical trials in urinary tract infections have shown a success rate of about 70 per cent for amoxycillin-resistant organisms. Augmentin in a dose of 375 mg tds is well tolerated and minimal gastrointestinal side effects occur. Augmentin is a novel antibiotic combination and will be particularly valuable in the oral treatment of urinary tract infections caused by multiply resistant bacteria. PMID- 6984779 TI - Classification of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. AB - The resistance of bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillins or cephalosporins, is usually associated with the production of beta-lactamase enzymes which are capable of inactivating these compounds. A number of recent surveys have reported a significant increase in the frequency of isolation of beta-lactamase-producing strains of bacteria from infections in general practice in the United Kingdom. A wide variety of bacterial beta-lactamases with different properties have been described and it is now recognised that most bacteria produce a chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamase which is characteristic of each species. In addition, Gram-negative bacteria may acquire beta-lactamases which are mediated by plasmids which are readily transferable by cell to cell contact. Schemes for the classification of bacterial beta-lactamases are outlined. PMID- 6984780 TI - Augmentin. The problem of resistances--in perspective. PMID- 6984781 TI - A simple method of reducing bacteriuria after out-patient cystoscopy. PMID- 6984782 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the relief of chronic pain. PMID- 6984783 TI - Preliminary communication. Differences in surface-IgD of B lymphocytes from maternal peripheral, maternal retroplacental and foetal cord blood. PMID- 6984785 TI - [Erythrocin]. PMID- 6984784 TI - [Digestive tract hemorrhage due to rupture of esophageal varice in a cirrhotic patient]. PMID- 6984786 TI - Colony stimulating factor in human mixed leukocyte cultures. AB - Colony stimulating factor (CSF) is important for granulocyte/macrophage proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the relationship between the immune reactivity and the production of CSF by using two-way mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) prepared from human peripheral mononuclear cells obtained with the aid of a blood cell separator. Assessed over 9 days of MLC incubation, the level of CSF in the supernatant reached a maximum at day 7 and then decreased. Optimal number of MLC cells ranged from 1 X 10(6)/ml to 2 X 10(6)/ml; CSF activity decreased at a cell concentration of 4 X 10(6)/ml. There was a differential sensitivity between cluster formation and colony formation to MLC-CSF. MLC-CSF is not species specific and hence, can stimulate both human and mouse CFU-c. MLC conditioned medium (MLC-CM) appears to be a potentially useful source of CSF. PMID- 6984787 TI - [Simple rapid test for assaying ristocetin cofactor]. PMID- 6984788 TI - [Sterogyl]. PMID- 6984789 TI - [Retained placenta. A 10-years' material from a county hospital]. PMID- 6984791 TI - [Beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae isolated from cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 6984790 TI - [Serious infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae]. PMID- 6984792 TI - [Severe Haemophilus influenzae infection in an adult. A case with disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 6984793 TI - [Treatment of Gardnerella-vaginalis-associated colpitis with metronidazole]. PMID- 6984795 TI - [New diagnostic possibilities in colorectal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6984794 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of intermittent rectal bleeding]. PMID- 6984796 TI - [Treatment of pain with transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation]. PMID- 6984798 TI - [Treatment of peripheral circulatory disorders and chronic ulceration by transcutaneous nerve stimulation]. PMID- 6984799 TI - [Severe Haemophilus influenzae infection in an adult]. PMID- 6984797 TI - [Coronary surgery in Scandinavia]. PMID- 6984801 TI - Differential lymphocyte count in eye disease. A u-turn in laboratory investigation. PMID- 6984800 TI - Acute anterior uveitis associated with HLA B27 positive tissue type. A comparative study in two populations. PMID- 6984802 TI - Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with a prolonged course of anti-thymocyte globulin. PMID- 6984804 TI - [The effect of progress in the medical sciences on diagnosis and therapy from the viewpoint of endoscopy]. PMID- 6984803 TI - Report of a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of large multilobated cell type with B cell origin. AB - Large multilobated nuclei lymphoma is a rare entity that is characterized morphologically by large neoplastic elements with prominent nuclear lobations and clinically by a predilection for extranodal sites and a favorable prognosis. According to the data collected to date, the neoplasia is thought to be of T-cell origin. The authors describe the clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical findings of a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with large multilobated nuclei that showed a definite B-lymphocyte origin. PMID- 6984806 TI - Quantitative evaluation of the number of fibers in the right and left fasciculus retroflexus using horseradish peroxidase. AB - A quantitative evaluation of the number of fibers in the right and left fasciculus retroflexus (FR) was conducted in the frog Rana esculenta after injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the habenular nuclei of the two sides of the brain and in the interpeduncular area in separate animals. It seems that the known morphological asymmetry of the habenular nuclei is not accompanied by a corresponding asymmetry of the FR and that there is an equivalent number of fibers in the FR after HRP injections in either the habenulae or the interpeduncular area. PMID- 6984805 TI - Cytochrome P-450 metabolic-intermediate complex formation and induction by macrolide antibiotics; a new class of agents. AB - 1. By several criteria, macrolide antibiotics constitute a new class of nitrogenous cytochrome P-450 metabolic-intermediate complex-forming compounds. 2. Macrolide antibiotic metabolic-intermediate complexes are only formed in livers induced with phenobarbital or with the macrolide antibiotics themselves. The extent of metabolic-intermediate complex formation in microsomes from phenobarbital-induced rats is lower than that seen for members of the amphetamine and SKF 525-A classes of compounds. 3. Cytochrome P-450 induced by macrolide antibiotics, of which troleandomycin is the most potent, is extensively sequestered as a metabolic intermediate complex in vivo. 4. Cytochrome P-450 induced by troleandomycin differs, using several criteria, from those induced by phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone or SKF 525-A, and those present in uninduced rats. PMID- 6984807 TI - [Non-drug pain therapy]. PMID- 6984808 TI - [Plexus damage following breast irradiation--possibilities of surgical therapy]. PMID- 6984809 TI - Twelve years of coronary bypass surgery in Helsinki. Effects on morbidity, employment, and mortality. PMID- 6984811 TI - [On color vision defect--physiological features and their clinical application]. PMID- 6984810 TI - Localization of genes coding for macrolide resistance on the penicillinase plasmid of isolates of an epidemic Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Genetic localization of gene(s) coding for erythromycin and oleandomycin resistance in five isolates of phage complex 52, 52A, 80, 81, multiple antibiotic resistant epidemic Staphylococcus aureus was studied. The 100% coelimination rate of erythromycin, oleandomycin, penicillin (penicillinase production) and certain heavy metal ion resistances from each of the clinical isolates and the 100% cotransduction rate of these resistance markers from two clinical isolates as well as changes in the partially purified extrachromosomal DNA patterns of the clinical wild types after elimination and the recipients after transduction indicated that erythromycin and oleandomycin resistance determining gene(s) resided on the penicillinase-heavy metal ion resistance plasmid in each of the isolates. The electrophoretic mobility of these macrolide-penicillinase-heavy metal ion resistance plasmids (MacPc plasmids) was the same in four strains and higher in one strain. These MacPc plasmids did not confer any resistance to spiramycin and lincomycin (even after induction) or to kanamycin, which features differentiate them from MacPc plasmids pI 258 and pTU 512 formerly identified in Staphylococcus aureus in Japan. PMID- 6984813 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma. PMID- 6984812 TI - T-neoplasms. Their significance in relation to the classification system of lymphoid neoplasms. PMID- 6984814 TI - Cell-mediated immune response in rats immunized with chemically modified syngeneic glioma cells. Monitoring by in vivo parameters and in vitro immune cytolysis. PMID- 6984815 TI - [Epiphyseal epithelium of pigeons under natural conditions and in vitro. Ultrastructure and histochemical evidence of hydroxyindoles in the receptor line cells]. AB - An electron microscopic study of the pineal organ of the pigeon was conducted under natural conditions and after short in vitro incubation or culture. Two cell types could be identified in the epithelium: receptor line cells (RLC) and interstitial cells of the ependymal type. Good preservation of the cells' fine structure could be observed whatever the different incubation times used. RLC display cytological features reflecting the existence of a protein secretory process and of regression of the photoreceptor structures (secretory rudimentary photoreceptor cells). The use of the Falck-Hillarp technique together with specific inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase enabled to demonstration of the storage of 5-hydroxytryptophan/serotonin in RLC. In contrast with other birds, no catecholamine containing nerve fibers could be observed by histofluorescence. PMID- 6984816 TI - [Radioautographic study of "in vitro" incorporation of [3H]-hydroxyindoles and [3H]-melatonin into the pineal organ of the pigeon]. AB - In the pigeon pineal organ studied in vitro, high resolution radioautography was used to visualize the sites of uptake and retention of [3H]-indoles: --incubation of the pineal organ with [3H]-5-hydroxytryptophan ([3H]-5-HTP) during the day and with [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine ([3H]-5-HT) during the night led to strong selective labelling of the receptor line cells (RLC) which correspond to modified photoreceptor cells (rudimentary photoreceptor cells). No significant radioautographic reactions were found in other cell types. When the 20 min radioactive signal was followed by 20-100 min post-incubation in a cold medium, labelling was still restricted to RLC. The in vitro study of indole metabolism sites might be facilitated by this preparation. --labelling after [3H]-melatonin incorporation was found mainly in RLC but also in interstitial cells. Reactions were less intense than those obtained with [3H]-hydroxyindoles although some erythrocytes were strongly labelled. No definite conclusion can be drawn from the radioautographs, in which artefacts were apparent. PMID- 6984817 TI - Peculiarities of N-nitramines carcinogenic action. AB - Carcinogenic action of dimethylnitramine (DMNO), diethylnitramine (DENO), and dibuthylnitramine (DBNO) on various animal species was studied. 200 ppm of DMNO in tap water induced no tumours in outbred rats, while DBNO induced hyperplastic lesions on the urinary bladder and DENO produced liver tumours in 2 of 5 rats. DMNO dissolve in aquarium water at a dose of 5 ppm induced tumours (kidney and liver adenocarcinomas and hemocytoblastosis) in 18 out of 40 and 6 out of 18 frogs respectively. Another amphibian species, Xenopus, showed similar sensitivity to DMNO action: hepatocellular cancers, cholangiocarcinomas and kidney tumours were found in 6 out of 14 animals and in another group, in 6 out of 17 animals treated with 400 ppm of DMNO dissolved in aquarium water. Few neoplasms were observed in experiments on fish (guppies zebrafish) and freshwater mollusks treated with DMNO and DENO. The carcinogenic effect of nitramines, appears to be much lower than that of related nitrosamines. PMID- 6984820 TI - [Case of digestive hemorrhage due to a gastric fibrolipoma]. PMID- 6984821 TI - [Histiocytosis X: contribution to the study of the eosinophilic granuloma in the jaws]. PMID- 6984818 TI - [Specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of 2 methods of determining serum immunocomplexes (solid-phase C1q and polyethylene glycol precipitation)]. AB - In the last years a few tests for the detection of circulating immune complexes (CIC) have been published. Nevertheless the data concerning their sensitivity and reproductibility are often partial. The Authors have here analysed, following this point of view, two methods for the detection of CIC, based on different mechanisms and therefore able to identify different kinds of CIC; the tests are: the PEG precipitation test and the C1q solid phase method. The reproductibility of the two methods is good, even when the samples have been many times thawn or kept at 20 degrees C for a few weeks; C1q test sensibility appears distinctly better than PEG test sensibility. By the two methods, but particularly with the PEG, it is possible to identify fluctuation of the IC levels during the day. The contemporaneous use of these two techniques can give results really useful to clinically monitorize some immune complexes diseases, such as many human glomerulonephrites. PMID- 6984819 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative determinations and clinical and histological correlations of cryoglobulins in glomerulonephritis]. AB - The Authors have investigated the presence of cryoglobulins in sera from 91 GN patients, 69 of whom had a renal biopsy. Cryoglobulins have been found in 12.5% of the idiopathic glomerulonephritis (GN), in 22.2% of the ones related to systemic diseases. Also 4 cases of GN with mixed essential cryoglobulinemia have been studied. Quantitative analysis has shown a IgG and IgM prevalence, the last ones of monoclonal type in 77.8% of the cases, with anti IgG activity in 44.4%. Concerning cryoglobulins found in idiopathic GN, the Authors observed a high incidence in the forms with cellular proliferation and glomerular exudation, as rapidly progressing GN, the acute post-infectious GN, and the mesangio-capillary GN. Among the GN related to systemic diseases, high incidence of cryoglobulins has been observed in lupus nephritis and polyartheritis. In both diseases (idiopathic GN and GN related to systemic diseases) a good correlation was found between clinical-ordinary activity and immunological parameters such as circulating immune complexes and complement breakdown products. The correlation between cryoglobulins level and disease activity is less evident in the mixed essential cryoglobulinemia G.N. Furthermore the Authors discuss here the pathogenesis of cryoglobulins in human G.N. PMID- 6984822 TI - [Clq binding activity of monomeric IgG]. PMID- 6984824 TI - Breakfast with McColl. Interview by John Best. PMID- 6984823 TI - [Direct revascularization of the myocardium without extracorporeal circulation. Description of the technic and preliminary results]. PMID- 6984825 TI - [Effect of electrostimulation on the formation and organization of bone tissue in fracture healing of the rabbit tibia]. PMID- 6984826 TI - Cimetidine does not stimulate human T lymphocyte functions in vitro. AB - Cimetidine, an H2-receptor antagonist had no immunoproliferative or immunostimulative effect on in vitro T cell functions of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. This was shown by adding Cimetidine to mitogen, alloantigen and xenoantigen-stimulated cultures. Generation of helper and cytotoxic T cells was not modified in a full kinetic experiment. These data failed to confirm previous reports showing an increase of cell-mediated immunity under Cimetidine therapy. PMID- 6984827 TI - Myasthenia gravis: immune mechanisms and implications. PMID- 6984828 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity in Alzheimer's disease following BCG immunostimulation. AB - Forty-four patients with Alzheimer's disease were evaluated for delayed hypersensitivity responses using five ubiquitous antigens. Compared with a nondemented age-matched population, these patients evidenced a large number of deficient responses, especially in the zero-response group. Twenty-three patients were randomly selected for immunostimulation using BCG vaccine. The skin tests were repeated 2 weeks after a series of four weekly intradermal injections of BCG. Only 2 of 13 nonresponsive patients failed to convert at least one negative result into a positive response, and seven became normal. PMID- 6984829 TI - [Meningeal involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6984830 TI - Hand disinfection in dental practice. PMID- 6984831 TI - Stress prevention in practice. Dealing with staff dismissal. PMID- 6984832 TI - Epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity following diagnostic roentgenographic examination in a patient with ataxia-telangiectasia. PMID- 6984833 TI - "Pseudocancer"--pseudoepithelial hyperplasia. PMID- 6984834 TI - Markov Network Analysis: suggestions for innovations in covariance structure analysis. AB - Studies of aging offer special methodological challenges to the researcher in that he must often examine the change of multiple correlated variables over time. We present a set of procedures that are specifically designed to model change in such multivariate situations. These procedures, which we will call Markov Network Analysis, are directly applicable to modeling change from longitudinal or serial data. In such cases, the parameters of the model have dynamic interpretations, e.g., as coefficients in positive or negative feedback loops. In cross-sectional data, one cannot directly estimate the dynamic coefficients but the model does show how certain dynamic interpretations can be made. Statistically, maximum likelihood estimation procedures are developed and presented. In the development of the statistical model, it is shown how the bias of sequential hypothesis testing, a frequent occurrence in the estimation of complex covariance structure models, may be reduced. PMID- 6984835 TI - Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and secular age trends in athletic performances. PMID- 6984836 TI - [Cutaneous histiocytosis X in adults]. PMID- 6984837 TI - Immunogenetic analysis of association between HLA antigens and psoriasis vulgaris: population and family studies. AB - A significant increase of some HLA antigens (B13, B17) was shown in 122 psoriasis patients, compared to 176 unrelated individuals of the control group. This finding is not completely secondary to an increase in Cw6, supporting the opinion that different loci within the HLA region are responsible for different forms of the disease. Some familial cases of psoriasis suggest a possible involvement of Bw35, despite the fact that the increase of this antigen in a random population was not significant for the corrected value. In this case it seems likely that a gene associated with Bw35 may be responsible for an infectious form of disease. The fact that 32% of our psoriatic patients did not show either B13, B17 or Cw6, indicated that the Is gene could also segregate with an other haplotype. The Is gene is also dominant, with an incomplete penetrance of B17 and Bw35 among relatives. PMID- 6984838 TI - [Systemic rheumatic diseases and immune complexes]. PMID- 6984839 TI - [Regulation of growth and development of T-lymphocyte colonies from normal subjects and in lymphoproliferative disorders]. PMID- 6984840 TI - [Effects of acute phase reactive proteins on lymphocyte functions]. PMID- 6984841 TI - Langer-Giedion syndrome with and without del 8q. assignment of critical segment to 8q23. PMID- 6984843 TI - Immunological properties of peripheral rat lymphocyte subpopulations reacting selectively with guinea pig complement. AB - Functional properties of peripheral rat T lymphocytes selectively affected by reaction with guinea pig serum (GPS) complement (C) were studied in this work. Cells sensitive to GPS cytotoxicity represented 2-7% of the nucleated cells in the spleen and 1-4% in lymph nodes. Responses of spleen and lymph node cells to Con A and PHA were markedly reduced following treatment with GPS whereas LPS induced responses were not altered. GPS treatment also abrogated both the specific response of lymph node cells to a protein antigen and the production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor by splenic cells. By contrast, GPS treatment significantly increased the reactivity of spleen and lymph node cells to alloantigens and enhanced the in vitro immune responsiveness of splenocytes to sheep erythrocytes. These results highlight the selective reactivity of guinea pig C with discrete subsets of immunoregulatory peripheral rat T lymphocytes. PMID- 6984842 TI - Transmission of the PiZ allele for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: population genetic considerations. AB - It is shown that a simple preferential transmission of the PiZ allele by PiZ heterozygous males for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency cannot maintain the observed polymorphism at the locus without invoking any viability or fertility selection against the PiZ gene carriers (heterozygotes or homozygotes). From the data on frequencies of PiZ alleles in Europe, the estimates of such selection coefficients are shown to be of the order of 5-20%, which seems too large for natural populations. Furthermore, an analysis of 26 nuclear families, each ascertained through a heterozygous PiZ or homozygous ZZ child, does not provide statistical evidence for such a hypothesis. PMID- 6984844 TI - T cells and T cell subsets in rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 6984845 TI - [Significance of transcerebral electrotherapy (Limoge current) in opiate withdrawal of drug addicts]. PMID- 6984846 TI - Tolerance to electroacupuncture analgesia was reversed by microinjection of 5 hydroxytryptophan into nuclei accumbens in the rabbit. AB - Electroacupuncture (EA) of the hind limb points of the rabbit for 10 min elicited a significant increase of the latency of aversive responses (ARL) induced by radiant heat stimulation of the snout. This effect of analgesia was found to be gradually diminished when EA was applied repeatedly for 6 hr, implying the development of tolerance. A reversal of EA tolerance was achieved by microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) (the direct precursor of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)), either intracerebroventricularly (200 micrograms) or into bilateral nuclei accumbens (10 micrograms). Injection of the same amount of 5-HTP into brain structures adjacent to nucleus accumbens, e.g., globus pallidus, corpus callosum, internal capsule, etc., was ineffective. It is concluded that a functional insufficiency of 5-HT in the brain, especially in nucleus accumbens, may constitute one of the mechanisms for the development of EA tolerance. PMID- 6984848 TI - Recent advances in the chemistry of beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6984849 TI - Gastric submucosal arterial malformation. PMID- 6984850 TI - Behr disease. PMID- 6984847 TI - Immunodeficiency diseases: head and neck manifestations. AB - Infections of the upper respiratory tract are common to both the immunodeficient and the normal child during their development. The most common head and neck manifestations of immunodeficiency disease are recurrent suppurative otitis media, tonsillitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, and nasopharyngitis. Often the head and neck specialist is confronted with a child with one or more of these problems and must institute the appropriate therapy or decide on an avenue for further investigation. This paper outlines the major immunodeficiency state, discusses the immune defects thought to be responsible for the spectrum of clinical findings, and suggests a systematic approach to the evaluation of these difficult diseases. The recognition of immunodeficient individuals is an important step in their treatment so that adjunctive immunological therapy can be provided. PMID- 6984851 TI - Alpha--1--antitrypsin. PMID- 6984852 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin activity in viral hepatitis. PMID- 6984854 TI - Langer - Giedion Syndrome. PMID- 6984853 TI - Alpha--1--antitrypsin in lepra reaction. PMID- 6984855 TI - Transcutaneous electrical stimulation in the management of phantom limb pain. PMID- 6984856 TI - Management of coronary heart disease. PMID- 6984857 TI - Intracellular processing of 125I-epidermal growth factor in rat embryo fibroblasts. AB - The intracellular fate of endocytosed 125I-epidermal growth factor was examined in Rat-1 fibroblasts. Cells were pulse-labeled for 5 min in 125I-EGF and chased for 3 hr with an excess of unlabeled EGF. At various times after application of the cold chase, cells were harvested and processed for isopycnic gradient centrifugation on Percoll gradients. Within the period of the 125I-EGF pulse, about 50% of the 125I activity appeared in an organelle containing peak in the gradients. By 20 min after application of the cold chase, 125I activity in the organelle peak began to decrease, and the decrease continued over the next few hours. The 125I activity which exited from its organelle-associated location appeared to be present in the cytosol and was apparently not confined within organelles. Lysosomotropic amines inhibited the egress of 125I activity from the organelle compartment. The 125I activity from both organelle and nonorganelle compartments reacted as completely as authentic 125I-EGF with anti-EGF antibodies and was similar in size to authentic 125I-EGF. Little or no intracellular low molecular weight 125I-containing compounds were detected, although they accumulated in the culture medium. Analytical isoelectric focusing revealed that the organelle-bound form of endocytosed 125I-EGF was more acidic than authentic 125I-EGF and, upon exiting from the organelle compartment, was processed to an even more acidic form. It was the second macromolecular form of processed 125I EGF that was ultimately degraded to low molecular weight compounds which were then externalized from the cells. PMID- 6984858 TI - Age dependency of stimulated salivary flow rate, pH, and lactobacillus and yeast concentrations. AB - No significant influence of age on the stimulated salivary flow rate or pH was observed in a cross-sectional study of unmedicated adults. The females had a lower output than did the males in every age group. A tendency toward higher salivary counts of lactobacilli and yeasts with aging was observed. PMID- 6984859 TI - [Respiratory tract infection with Branhamella catarrhalis]. PMID- 6984860 TI - Autoregulation of gene expression. Quantitative evaluation of the expression and function of the bacteriophage T4 gene 32 (single-stranded DNA binding) protein system. PMID- 6984861 TI - [Functional analysis of factors influencing the water content of the stratum corneum in vivo]. PMID- 6984862 TI - [An ultrastructural study on adult T-cell leukemia--with special reference to morphological findings of skin lesions]. PMID- 6984863 TI - [Chilblain lupus and its serological studies]. PMID- 6984866 TI - [A case of tick bite (Haemaphysalis flava)--consideration of tularemia infection through tick bite]. PMID- 6984864 TI - [Effect of intra-tumoral injection of tuberculin-active protein on growth of transplantable mouse melanomas]. PMID- 6984865 TI - [Effect of intra-lesional injection of tuberculin-active protein on metastatic nodules of human malignant melanoma]. PMID- 6984867 TI - Patterns of impulses discharged by slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptive units in the warty skin of frogs in response to prolonged displacements. AB - A standard indentation (500 microns, 3 sec) was applied 50 times on the receptive field, and responses were successfully recorded from 38 of the 105 slowly adapting cutaneous afferent (SA) units innervating the wart-bearing plantar surface of the frog hind foot. The SA units discharged a small number of spikes with a time course of at least two time constants (0.16-0.39 and 0.72-3.26), and did not produce a maintained discharge in almost all cases. An ensemble of interspike intervals, (Xt(1),Xt(2),..., Xt(50)), adjacent to some time points after the onset of stimulation (t = 500 and 1,000 msec) over 50 trials of stimulations, was chosen for statistical analysis, instead of a series of the successive interspike intervals in a steady state; the interspike interval histograms were skewed with a large coefficient of variation and gave a good fit to a gamma distribution, and joint interval diagrams around these time points showed an independence of successive interspike intervals. A similar finding was obtained from statistical analysis of a steady phase of discharges in an exceptional case. In conclusion, the SA units innervating the warty skin of the frog hind foot were similar in discharge pattern to the cutaneous SA type I units of mammals. PMID- 6984869 TI - [Medical topics: positron CT]. PMID- 6984868 TI - Intracellular measurement of Na activity using neutral carrier Na ion-selective microelectrode. AB - To measure intracellular Na+ activities, a double-barreled Na ion-selective microelectrode was constructed with a neutral carrier Na+ ligand (ETH 227). The slope constant and detection limit were 56 mV and 3-5 mM, respectively, the selectivity of Na+/K+ being 40-50. In the bullfrog, the cell Na+ was 14.4 mEq/liter for the proximal tubule and 12.6 mEq/liter for the sartorius muscle. PMID- 6984870 TI - [Experimental autoimmune myocardial damage. I. Electrocardiographic and polycardiographic studies]. PMID- 6984871 TI - Diagnostic exercise: systemic chromomycosis in frogs. PMID- 6984872 TI - Meek grip analyser. PMID- 6984873 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum: 2 cases treated with lamprene. Immunologic study]. PMID- 6984874 TI - [Therapeutic applications of angiography in digestive pathology: embolization of esophageal varices by transhepatic portography in the treatment of digestive hemorrhages in portal hypertension]. PMID- 6984875 TI - Geographical variation in disease presentation. Does it constitute a problem and can information science help? AB - This paper assesses the extent and importance of geographical variation in disease presentation in relation to automated systems for clinical decision making. Reference is made to studies carried out by the World Organization of Gastroenterology involving 1,500 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 6,000 patients with acute abdominal pain, and 1,300 patients with upper GI bleeding. These studies indicate that geographical variation in disease presentation (both regarding prior probability of disease and conditional probability of symptoms in each disease) is so great as to constitute a considerable potential threat to the widespread introduction of any automated decision-making system. It is suggested that there is an urgent need for the creation of large-scale multinational case series where diseases and symptoms are adequately and reproducibly defined in advance. Reference to studies previously mentioned is used to adduce evidence of the benefits of such large-scale data bases. PMID- 6984876 TI - [Prognostic value of the quantification of capsular antigens of haemophilus influenzae type b in the cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 6984877 TI - [Localization of acute lower digestive hemorrhage with 99Tc colloid]. PMID- 6984879 TI - Hemifacial spasm: location of the lesion by electrophysiological means. AB - In hemifacial spasm a late abnormal motor response was elicited by the antidromic volley after stimulating a peripheral branch of the facial nerve. The site of the lesion was calculated from the latency of that motor response and the conduction velocity. In 5 patients the distance was long, and corresponded with a tumor or a vascular anomaly at the cerebellopontine region in 3 of them. An artery sling entering the internal acoustic meatus was found in 2 out of 3 patients with short distances. It is concluded that hemifacial spasm results from a nerve lesion that may be located as far peripherally as the internal acoustic meatus. The theory of facial nuclear irritation is incompatible with such a peripheral lesion. PMID- 6984878 TI - Effect of vitamin D2 on the assay of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in man. AB - Serum levels of the dihydroxylated metabolite of vitamin D3, 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (24, 25(OH)2D3) were measured by competitive protein binding assay in 2 anephric patients while undergoing therapy with 25 hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) and, at a later date, vitamin D2, ergocalciferol. Whereas there was no increase in serum levels of 24, 25 (OH)2D3 when the patients were treated with 25 (OH)D3, a significant increase was apparently seen when vitamin D2 was given. These results suggest that a metabolite of vitamin D2, non-renal in origin, may be interfering in the assay for 24, 25 (OH)2D3. The different levels of serum 24, 25 (OH)2D3 in anephric man found by various groups of workers are explained by these results. PMID- 6984880 TI - [Role of basal Moyamoya networks in cerebral circulation in Moyamoya disease]. PMID- 6984881 TI - The dynamic discharge properties of oculomotor neurons in rabbits with intact and canal-plugged labyrinths during sinusoidal lateral tilt. AB - The characteristics of the control exerted by macular and ampullar vestibular receptors on oculomotor neurons (OMN) have been investigated by submitting unanesthetized, encephale isole rabbits, with intact and canal-plugged labyrinths, to sinusoidal lateral tilts of varying frequencies (0.013-0.2 Hz). For frequencies of tilt above 0.025 Hz, corresponding to peak angular accelerations suprathreshold for canal related vestibular neurons, both phase and sensitivity of the OMN response differ significantly in the two types of preparation. At lower frequencies of tilt the characteristics of the OMN response are, on the contrary, very similar, thus indicating that also in the intact animals the control of the vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex, in this frequency range, is exerted almost exclusively by the otoliths. PMID- 6984882 TI - Neurones activated from nociceptors in the spinal cord of the frog. AB - Neurones in the dorsal horns of the frog spinal cord were activated by innocuous (touch) and nociceptive stimuli (heat, pressure, pinch). Forty neurones which were found at depths between 300-700 microns reacted differentially, but not selectively, to various kinds of natural stimuli. The number and frequency of spikes induced by nociceptive stimuli exceeded that produced by innocuous stimuli from twice to many times. Some of the neurones were more sensitive to mechanical stimuli and others to heat. All the neurones tested could thus be classified as polymodal neurones. PMID- 6984883 TI - Target-dependent survival of tadpole spinal cord neurites in tissue culture. AB - Survival of nerve fibers growing from frog tadpole spinal cord explants in tissue culture was examined as a function of the absence or presence of target limb tissue. Neuritic outgrowth was maintained in serum-free medium for significantly longer times when cord was co-cultured with young limb tissue or limb conditioned medium than when grown alone. The results are suggested to be relevant to possible mechanisms controlling the loss of neurons from the spinal motor centers during in vivo development. PMID- 6984884 TI - Altered but persisting circadian fluctuations in plasma corticosterone levels following medial forebrain bundle ablation. PMID- 6984885 TI - Direct dorsal root projection onto the cerebellum in the frog. PMID- 6984886 TI - Observation of the hemodynamics in patients with portal hypertension: before and after pericardial devascularization. PMID- 6984887 TI - Pericardial devascularization for the treatment of massive hemorrhage of ruptured esophageal and gastrofundic varices. PMID- 6984888 TI - [Long-term prophylactic effect of the topical application of fluoride gel]. PMID- 6984889 TI - [The amalgam. Physical properties. Variations and finishing technics]. PMID- 6984891 TI - [Autogenous transplant of canines impacted in bone]. PMID- 6984890 TI - [Technology of sensitive materials]. PMID- 6984892 TI - Quantitative diagnosis of peripheral and central vestibular disorders and screening of patients with vertigo. PMID- 6984893 TI - [Histiocytosis X in children in the light of our observations]. PMID- 6984894 TI - [DNA content of isolated subpopulations of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 6984896 TI - [Vitamin-D dependent rickets: report of a case and efficacy of treatment with 25 OH-vitamin D]. PMID- 6984895 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunity in children with Donohue's syndrome (leprechaunism)]. PMID- 6984897 TI - [Even distribution of myocardial protection in surgery of the coronary arteries: successive cardioplegia at the origin of the aorta and at the coronary sinus]. AB - In coronary bypass surgery myocardial protection by injection of a cardioplegic fluid is made uneven by the presence of stenotic segments. In order to make it even, the authors suggest that the fluid should be injected first into the aortic origin, then into the coronary sinus. This method should provide greater safety when multiples bypasses are performed and in cases of impaired left ventricular function. PMID- 6984898 TI - [N.B.T. - PABA screening test for exocrine pancreatic function in healthy children. Preliminary investigation in 60 normal children]. AB - The theoretical bases of PABA test as a diagnostic screening test of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, its mode of execution and the findings obtained in 60 healthy subjects ranging in age from 2 to 14 years are reported. Those conditions related to extra-pancreatic disorders or to other factors that may interfere with the test and reduce its reliability are also discussed. PMID- 6984899 TI - [Colonoscopy in children: personal experience]. AB - Since 1974, 162 colonoscopies have been performed on patients ranging in age from six months to 15 years. All examinations were done using adult endoscopes. Most of the exams were conducted either without any pharmacological preparation or after administration of benzodiazepine; in only 16 cases was general anesthesia without intubation (Ketamine) necessary. The most frequent indications for performing the exam were various types of anal bleeding, isolated, or associated with diarrhoea. The diagnosis made most frequently was of an isolated polyp (43 cases out of 162), localized almost exclusively in the rectum or sigmoid colon. The second most frequent diagnosis was of an inflammatory process (12 cases out of 162). It was noted that a large number of cases were found to be negative (73 cases out of 162), which may be explained by the fact that many cases of that age group involve acute processes healed when were examined. PMID- 6984900 TI - [Two cases of osteochondrodysplasia: multiple enchondromatosis and multiple cartilagenous exostoses]. PMID- 6984901 TI - [Immunopathology of the digestive apparatus in infancy]. AB - The infant acquires immunological competence in the neonatal period through the passage of antigens from the enteric lumen through gut-associated lymphoid tissues, principally the Peyer's patches and the appendix. Immune deficient mechanisms may be involved in several gastrointestinal diseases manifesting in the neonatal period as well as throughout childhood. Principally among these are neonatal necrotising enterocolitis, atopy and food intolerances, coeliac disease, cow's milk protein intolerance, diarrhoea associated with hypogammaglobulinaemia, malnutrition and inflammatory bowel disease. The mechanism whereby immune reactions are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases is discussed. PMID- 6984902 TI - Endralazine in patients with severe hypertension and renal insufficiency. PMID- 6984903 TI - [T.E.N.S., a myofunctional concept for oral rehabilitation]. PMID- 6984904 TI - [The water test in the radiological diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 6984905 TI - [Biopsy of the endometrium and plasma progesterone determination in the evaluation of luteal function]. PMID- 6984906 TI - [Jejuno-ileal bypass in the treatment of excessive obesity. Analysis of 36 cases]. PMID- 6984908 TI - [Identification and incidence of anaerobic bacteria in samples sent to the Microbiological Section of the Central Laboratory of the Hospital das Clinicas of the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo]. PMID- 6984907 TI - [Testicular biopsy in the study of male infertility: histological patterns]. PMID- 6984909 TI - [A needle for percutaneous bone biopsy]. PMID- 6984911 TI - [New concepts of hypersplenism in schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 6984910 TI - [Pancreatic pseudocyst. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations based on the treatment of 58 patients]. PMID- 6984912 TI - [Leukogram in shock states]. PMID- 6984914 TI - [Resection of 80% of the jejuno-ileum and its impact on the histometry of stomach parietal cells and gastric juice secretion]. PMID- 6984913 TI - [Drug prescription in a university hospital in Porto Alegre]. PMID- 6984915 TI - [Radiological monitoring of gastric emptying in early and late postoperative periods in patients subjected to vagotomy, antrectomy and gastroduodenostomy at the lesser curvature]. PMID- 6984916 TI - [Histological diagnosis of the sickle cell erythrocyte. Comparison with the hemoglobulin electrophoresis data]. PMID- 6984917 TI - [Treatment of urinary stress incontinence by endoscopic bladder neck suspension]. PMID- 6984918 TI - [Microsurgical transfer of the gracilis muscle in the treatment of sequelae of Volkmann's syndrome]. PMID- 6984920 TI - [Infectious endocarditis of the tricuspid valve after the use of a temporary artificial pacemaker]. PMID- 6984919 TI - [Germ cell tumors of the testis]. PMID- 6984921 TI - [Jejunal disaccharidases in chronic pancreatitis of alcoholic etiology]. PMID- 6984922 TI - [Epidemiology of endemic goiter]. PMID- 6984924 TI - [Cutaneous antigens and the course of the disease in tuberculosis patients. Prospective study]. PMID- 6984923 TI - [A metric system for evaluation of esophageal varices. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6984925 TI - [Subacute thyroiditis, a neglected entity in the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin]. PMID- 6984926 TI - [Limited axillary thoracotomy in the management of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 6984927 TI - [Lipomas of the colon]. PMID- 6984928 TI - [Duodenal obstruction caused by South American blastomycosis]. PMID- 6984931 TI - [The Department of Surgery in Brazilian universities]. PMID- 6984929 TI - [Computerized tomography of the skull in clinical pediatrics]. PMID- 6984930 TI - [Adventitial cyst of the popliteal artery. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6984932 TI - [Re-evaluation of thyroid 131I uptake in Rio de Janeiro]. PMID- 6984934 TI - [Stenosing reflux esophagitis. Indications and results of conservative treatment]. PMID- 6984933 TI - [Serial hormonal cytology in gynecological practice]. PMID- 6984936 TI - [Solitary pulmonary nodule: clinical, diagnostic and surgical indications]. PMID- 6984935 TI - [Mesenteric vascular occlusion]. PMID- 6984940 TI - [The natural history of Reiter's syndrome. Evaluation of 13 cases]. PMID- 6984938 TI - [Immunological evaluation in cancer of the bladder]. PMID- 6984939 TI - [Motility of the isolated segments of the stomach, before and after antrectomy and gastroduodenal anastomosis at the level of the lesser curvature and in non operated stomachs of dogs]. PMID- 6984937 TI - [Radiologic examination in the study of patients with chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6984941 TI - [The duration of diabetes mellitus and microangiopathic complications]. PMID- 6984943 TI - [Results of vagotomies]. PMID- 6984942 TI - [Post-mastectomy rehabilitation]. PMID- 6984944 TI - [Renobronchial fistula]. PMID- 6984946 TI - [Erythrocyte preservation by slow freezing at -85 degrees C]. PMID- 6984948 TI - [Evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness. Methodological analysis]. PMID- 6984947 TI - [Isoniazid acetylation in Sao Paulo descendants of Japanese]. PMID- 6984945 TI - [Alcoholic intoxication and glucose. A double-blind study in emergency clinic patients]. PMID- 6984949 TI - [Pancreatic leiomyosarcoma. Report of a surgically treated case]. PMID- 6984950 TI - [Arterial suture with polyglactin 910. Experimental study]. PMID- 6984951 TI - [Mantoux intradermal test: tuberculosis, atypical mycobacteria and BCG]. PMID- 6984952 TI - [Pseudopneumoperitoneum: report of a case]. PMID- 6984953 TI - [Infectious intracranial aneurysms. Consideration of 13 cases]. PMID- 6984954 TI - [Radiological anatomy of the internal spermatic vein. Analysis of 40 venograms in infertile patients with varicocele]. PMID- 6984955 TI - [Prevalence of arterial hypertension in the labor force of Greater Sao Paulo: influence of age, sex and ethnic group]. PMID- 6984956 TI - [The labyrinth and dizziness]. PMID- 6984957 TI - [Treatment of school children with Hymenolepis nana with praziquantel]. PMID- 6984958 TI - [Surgical pathologies of the horseshoe kidney]. PMID- 6984959 TI - [Computerized tomography of the adrenal glands. Analysis of 15 cases]. PMID- 6984960 TI - [Hematocrit changes in acute pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6984961 TI - [Waardenburg's syndrome. Different clinical manifestations in one family]. PMID- 6984962 TI - [Cancer of the gastric stump]. PMID- 6984963 TI - [Isolated lesion of the gallbladder caused by closed abdominal trauma. Case report]. PMID- 6984965 TI - [Immunoproliferative disease of the small intestine]. PMID- 6984964 TI - [Sacrococcygeal chordoma: report of a case]. PMID- 6984967 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic criteria in syphilis]. PMID- 6984966 TI - [Tetanus prophylaxis. Basis and critique of its management]. PMID- 6984968 TI - [Yellow fever in Brazil--present status and perspectives]. PMID- 6984969 TI - [Treatment of intestinal parasitic diseases]. PMID- 6984970 TI - [T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. Clinico-pathological study of 17 cases and short and long-term therapeutic responses]. PMID- 6984971 TI - [Lymphoblastic T lymphoma with convoluted cells, eosinophilia and musculointestinal tumors in an adult patient]. PMID- 6984972 TI - [Muscular tumors causing recurrent intestinal hemorrhage (apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6984973 TI - [B cells and serum immunoglobulins in patients with breast pathology]. AB - The authors study the amount of B cells and serum immunoglobulins in patients with mammary cancer or fibrocystic disease. They indicate that a decreasing in B cells and IgG, and an increasing in IgA are associated with a better prognosis. There is an inverse relation between the level of serum IgG and the blastic transformation of T cells by PHA, what is an indirect measure of the circulating IgG immune complexes. The presence of B cells with IgG in their surfaces makes worse the prognosis. PMID- 6984974 TI - [Is "interference" only a stimulating current? (I.)]. PMID- 6984975 TI - [Surgical treatment of digestive hemorrhage through Wirsung's duct]. PMID- 6984976 TI - [Genitofemoral neuralgia]. PMID- 6984977 TI - Determination of the half-life of C3 in patients and its relation to the presence of C3-breakdown products and/or circulating immune complexes. AB - Measurement of complement components in serum may not accurately assess the degree of activation of the complement system. An alternative approach is the measurement of conversion products of the complement components. The relation between the presence of an increased concentration of C3-conversion products and the metabolism of C3 was investigated. In a group of patients, circulating immune complexes were also measured (Clq-binding test) to see whether the combination of those markers yielded information on the C3 metabolism. In this study it is shown that static measurements of serum C3 levels is of no value for the degree of complement activation. Measurement of C3-conversion products may indicate C3 hypercatabolism (in 8 of the 11 patients with C3-conversion products), but it does not imply depressed C3 synthesis. Detection of circulating immune complexes by the C1q-binding assay did not always indicate a C3 hypercatabolism. Of 12 SLE patients studied, in 9 of them, a C3 hypercatabolism was detected, and 5 of these patients were clinically characterized by the presence of minor disease symptoms. Overall, the results indicated that detection of circulating immune complexes and/or C3-conversion products could not be used as an absolute measure for insight into the C3 metabolism. PMID- 6984979 TI - Aorto-coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6984980 TI - [Determination of flavomycin in poultry meat]. PMID- 6984981 TI - Normothermic ischaemic arrest in one-vessel coronary artery surgery. AB - Cardiac metabolism following normothermic ischaemic arrest was studied in 14 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery for single vessel coronary artery disease. Simultaneous blood samples were taken from the radial artery and from the coronary sinus before and during the first 60 min after aortic crossclamping. O2-saturation and content, potassium, lactate and the isoenzyme MB of the creatine kinase (CK-MB) were assessed. In addition, CK-MB was followed in peripheral venous blood for 8 hours after operation. Analysis of the results revealed decreased oxygen extraction by the heart immediately after the release of the aortic crossclamping and marked lactate and potassium release with delayed metabolic recovery of the myocardium despite the very short aortic occlusion time. Increased postoperative CK-MB serum activity was also seen. We concluded that the use of normothermic ischaemic arrest is hazardous even in such surgical procedures requiring aortic occlusion times as short as 15 min and should be avoided at least by the less experienced surgeon. PMID- 6984982 TI - Use of Haemonetics Cell Saver for autotransfusion in cardiovascular surgery. AB - The Haemonetics Cell Saver was evaluated as a tool for the refining of blood shed during cardiovascular surgery. After blood filtration the red cells are concentrated, washed and re-infused as red cells suspended in normal saline (CS blood) with haematocrit around 60%. Platelets and plasma with desired and undesired components are removed. In 50 patients undergoing elective but complicated cardiovascular surgery an average of 4.4 units CS blood were produced. In 3 Jehovah's Witnesses the method was used in combination with immediate preoperative prebleeding and dextran infusion. No blood products were given. The haematocrit was maintained at a safe level subsequent to retransfusion. Platelet counts were never critically low and extremely low total protein did not lead to peripheral or pulmonary oedemas or coagulation problems. In an in vitro study it was shown that extreme dilution of coagulation factors is well tolerated before the clotting time (ACT) is affected. The Cell Saver proved to be an effective, reliable and safe device for autotransfusion of salvaged blood during cardiovascular surgery. PMID- 6984978 TI - Rheumatoid nodules without rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6984984 TI - Chylothorax after coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 6984983 TI - Cardioplegia versus intermittent ischaemic arrest in coronary bypass surgery. AB - No definitive method of myocardial preservation has been established and conclusions based on experimental data may not be applicable to patients with coronary artery disease. Fifty patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting were randomly assigned to one of two groups for myocardial preservation. In group A cold cardioplegia with external cardiac cooling was used and in group B ischaemic arrest with mild systemic cooling to 32 degrees C. Myocardial preservation was assessed by analysis of enzymes specific to the heart, left ventricular biopsy, and electrocardiography. Equal protection of the myocardium was provided in both groups but the mean cross-clamp time in group A was significantly longer than in group B. This implies that cardioplegia confers greater protection than intermittent ischaemic arrest. PMID- 6984985 TI - [Effect of experimental staphylococcal infection on cellular and humoral immunity]. PMID- 6984986 TI - Endothelial cell loss after cataract surgery--the problem of interpretation. PMID- 6984987 TI - Experiences with the Boberg Ans lens and sodium hyaluronate (Healonid). AB - The mean central endothelial cell loss arising with the availability of Sodium hyaluronate (Healonid), from insertion of a Boberg Ans implant was 14 per cent following extracapsular cataract extraction and 16 per cent following intracapsular surgery. These figures compare favourably with those described by other authors following simple intracapsular extraction without lens implantation and the closed chamber techniques demonstrated should be regarded as safe in so far as they virtually eliminate the incidence of late corneal dystrophy as a complication of lens implantation. PMID- 6984988 TI - [Radiotelemetric studies of heart rate in cows]. AB - The use of radiotelemetric apparatuses made it possible to record the heart rhythm through registering the R peak with cows during the puerperal period. Studied were a total of 212 cows. A group of 102 of them had no complications in the puerperium and served as controls. The remaining 110 were with complications during this period, and formed two test groups (with and without the use of electrostimulation). It was found that the heart pulsation rate was highest on the day of calving (87, on an average). It gradually dropped during the following days. On the first and second day after parturition the cows of the test groups showed 3 to 7 contractions more. Highest was the rate of pulsations on the fourth day, the difference between the controls and the cows with complications (without electrostimulation) rising by 11 contractions, on an average,--and the cows with complications (with electrostimulation of the uterus) rising by 6-7 contractions. PMID- 6984989 TI - [The value of serologic tests in rheumatology]. PMID- 6984990 TI - [Epidemiology and clinical problems of herpetic eye diseases (retrospective analysis)]. PMID- 6984991 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin - clinical and forensic aspects]. PMID- 6984992 TI - An approach to the detection of malnutrition in rural children using socio economic indices and level of education of mother as proxy. AB - The hypothesis that social indices and educational level of mother are potential sources of childhood malnutrition was tested in Kampumbu, Zambia. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, protein and albumin levels in children were studied in relation to malnutrition. Six hundred and fifty rural children (306 males and 344 females) aged one and fourteen years exposed to various types of diet and environmental factors were selected randomly. Data on economic status, diet environment and educational attainment as well as other demographic information were collected. The major epidemiological findings were that the difference in the distribution of malnourished children by socio-economic status (as measured by income) and hypochromotrichia, oedema or stomatitis was significant (X2 = 4.1, P less than 0.025), and the relative odds were significantly greater than unity at 0.05 level. Similarly, there was a very significant difference (X2 = 7.4, P less than 0.005) in the distribution of malnourished children by socio-economic status (as measured by house grades) and hypochromotrichia, oedema or stomatitis. The estimated relative odds were significantly greater than unity at 0.05 level. Other variables, including age, history of hookworm, were not found to be determinants of risk for malnutrition. PMID- 6984993 TI - The influence of fasting on monooxygenase system in rat liver in relation to age. PMID- 6984995 TI - Effect of repeated carbon monoxide exposure to rats on cytochrome P-450 concentration and activities of monooxygenases in the liver. AB - To determine the possible role of cytochrome P-450 in the adaptation response of an organism to chronic carbon monoxide exposure, rats received 4, 15 or 30 subcutaneous CO injections (7.2 mmol/kg body mass; maximal COHb concentration about 56%). The concentration of cytochrome P-450 is significantly reduced after 4 injections. This effect is no longer evident following 15 or 30 CO injections, which produced distinct increases of the total hemoglobin concentration. Ethylmorphine N-demethylation is distinctly inhibited after 4, 15 and 30 CO injections, whereas the initial inhibition of ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation disappears after 30 CO administrations. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation is only slightly influenced by CO. PMID- 6984994 TI - [Hemostasis in the liver induced with tissue glue - comparison of 2 glue component combinations]. AB - After experimental hepatic resection in rabbits and piglets, haemostasis was achieved by using two types of tissue glue - fibrin glue and gelatin-resorcin formaldehyde glue (GRF-glue). With both glues, an elastic adhesive film could be produced. Fibrin glue was completely absorbed by granulation tissue at the 11th postoperative day. After using GRF-glue a toxic necrosis and a subsequent demarcation of necrotic tissue could be observed, with the adhesive substance being not absorbed after 11 days. When used together with a collagen fleece, fibrin glue was not spilled away by tissue haemorrhage. Therefore it seems to be especially suited for haemostasis on the liver. With both glues, no leakage was observed after raising the portal vein pressure to 300 mm Hg during in vitro experiments. PMID- 6984996 TI - Gastro-duodenal ulceration in abdominal angina. AB - Two cases of verified abdominal angina are presented. Multiple, atypical ulcerations in the postbulbar duodenum were diagnosed endoscopically in both cases. Atypical gastric ulcers were also present in one case. The suggestion is made that such ulceration may not be uncommon in intestinal ischaemia. Such findings at endoscopy should arouse the suspicion of abdominal angina, especially when preceding diagnostic procedures, including biopsies, have failed to demonstrate other clear-cut gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 6984997 TI - Homocystinuria treated with pyridoxine. AB - Four cases of homocystinuria with lens luxation have been examined. As judged from the plasma amino acid pattern, they all responded well on pyridoxine treatment. Two of them discontinued the treatment on their own, and one of these died at the age of 17 years. The lens luxation progressed in one case despite adequate treatment. Scanning electron microscopy of one lens revealed partly broken zonules, abnormal zonular attachment, and a spongy appearance of the capsule proper. Hoping that adequate treatment will reduce more serious complications such as thromboembolism in these patients, it is concluded that an early diagnosis largely depends on the ophthalmologist, who should perform the silver-nitroprusside test, specific for homocystinuria, in all patients with non traumatic lens luxation. PMID- 6984998 TI - A method for quantitative scoring of the Farnsworth Panel D-15. AB - The Farnsworth Dichotomous test or Panel D-15 is used extensively for the evaluation of colour discrimination in congenital and acquired colour vision defects. This qualitative assessment of colour vision defect type and severity is based on the hue confusions which are represented diagrammatically on the Panel D 15 score sheet. This paper presents a new proposal for quantitatively scoring the Panel D-15 based on those hue confusions made by the subject. Such a quantitative score can be used to establish relationships with other visual functions or experimental conditions. The application of the scoring technique to clinical results is illustrated. PMID- 6984999 TI - How much breast milk do babies need? AB - A reassessment of the breast milk requirements of young babies at different ages has been made from a statistical analysis of energy intake data collected prospectively in Cambridge, U.K. and from data derived from a literature survey of cross-sectional food energy intakes of infants from Canada, Sweden, the U.K. and USA. In contrast to the slow progressive linear decline in energy requirements per kg body-weight that has previously been assumed, measured intakes have been shown to fall more rapidly in the first six months of life. Thereafter they then rise again as the baby becomes more active. These findings are of fundamental importance to a realistic assessment of the adequacy of breast milk as the sole source of food in the first six months of life. The data show that typical breast milk intakes found in the industrialized countries can satisfy infant energy needs for healthy growth for much longer than would be indicated by current international dietary recommendations. A discussion of the physiological interpretation of the results is included as is an appraisal of their practical significance both to breast and bottle feeding practices. PMID- 6985000 TI - C3 fragmentation in human serum: formation of a mixed disulphide between C3d and albumin. PMID- 6985001 TI - Effect of AET treatment of sheep erythrocytes on the rosette test in various diseases. AB - 180 patients with neurological or infectious diseases and 90 normal controls were examined for blood T lymphocyte percentage by the standard method using rosette formation with untreated sheep erythrocytes (E) and a technique using 2-amino ethyl-thio-isouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET)-treated E, with fetal calf serum (FCS) in the medium. Patients with acute meningitis had a decrease and those with infections mononucleosis had an increase in T lymphocyte percentage as measured by both assays. However, patients with active MS and with cerebral tumours had a decrease in T cell percentage by the E but not by the EAET technique. The T lymphocyte percentages of the other 4 patient groups did not differ significantly from those of the controls, regardless of the technique used. In certain diseases, the use or not of AET-treated indicator cells may thus influence the results of the rosette test. PMID- 6985002 TI - Reflex and hormonal influences on cerebral control of water balance. Studies of alimentary and cardiovascular factors, and of systemic angiotensin in the regulation of water intake and ADH secretion. PMID- 6985003 TI - Fibrin tissue adhesion and its use in rhytidectomy: a pilot study. AB - In a series of 82 consecutive personal cases of rhytidectomy, a two-component tissue adhesive was used to glue the cheek-skin down to its underlying tissues. The use of most of the sutures in front of the ear, in the visible area, could be spared by this technique. The diminished (or absent) postoperative swelling and the reduction of secretion in the first 24 hours were most impressive. Some operating time can be saved as well and the comfort of the patient is remarkably increased over the healing period. Postoperative complications were entirely absent and the primary results most pleasing. Nothing can as yet be said regarding long-term results, since the time of 18 months is too short for any such statement. The comparatively small additional costs incurred seem very much worthwhile for these selective operations. PMID- 6985004 TI - Police officer attitudes toward marijuana: a descriptive analysis. AB - The attitudes of a major metropolitan police force were surveyed with regard to their beliefs about marijuana; especially, their beliefs about the effects of marijuana, the enforcement of laws for possession, and the causes for marijuana use. The results indicated that most officers felt marijuana was harmful (physically as well as psychologically) but not necessarily more so than alcohol; 31% believed that possession of small amounts (less than or equal to 1 oz) should be decriminalized, and 85% did not believe that current laws for possession of small amounts were being actively enforced; most officers felt that peer pressure is the main reason why people start to use it and that youthful users and their parents are not well informed about its effects. The officers' rank, educational level, and whether or not they had children were also significantly related to marijuana beliefs, suggesting important demographic factors which determine acceptance of current drug law changes. PMID- 6985006 TI - [Transmission between generations: the search for genetic models]. PMID- 6985005 TI - Kinetic study on beta-lactamase from Streptomyces UCSM-104. AB - The beta-lactamase of Streptomyces UCSM-104 behaves as a penicillinase with the different substrates studied, being more active with benzylpenicillin (KM 2.6 mM) and ampicillin (KM 1.5 mM). On the other hand, it was competitively inhibited by methicillin (Ki 0.035 mM) and cloxacillin (Ki 0.35 mM) using benzylpenicillin as substrate. According to the criterion of Jack and Richmond in relation to the degree of inhibition obtained, the enzyme was found to be resistant to cloxacillin and sensible to methicillin. PMID- 6985007 TI - [New concepts of the biology of human cephalic development. Observations and hypotheses]. AB - Morphological dynamics controlling vertebrate embryo development, which takes place in flotation in a liquid medium, leads to the hypothesis that the pentameric symmetry of echinodermes, ancestors of the vertebrates, is conserved during evolution. This embryogenesis consists of morphological repetitions: synchronous growth of five expansions specialized in exploration and spatial deplacements (head and four limbs); each of these five expansions consists of five buds or five radii (facial buds, fingers and toes). Homomorphism of the mouth, of the hands, and of the feet--which are capture catastrophes over the environment, installed early during development--allows later functional and sensory connections. These morphological repetitions are also demonstrated by the association of facial, hand, and foot buds, malformations for which a topological correspondence can be shown. During vertebrate morphogenesis by flotation in a liquid medium, other phenomena take place. For instance, the palate is formed anteriorly by a triple junction resulting from the fusion of its three constitutive buds. PMID- 6985008 TI - Inverted tandem duplication of the short arm of chromosome 8: a non-random de novo structural aberration in man. Localization of the gene for glutathione reductase in subband 8p21.1. AB - Two patients with an inverted duplication of bands 8p21-p23 are described. The gene for glutathione reductase (GSR; E.C.1.6.4.2) has previously been localized to band 8p21. In one of the patients subband 8p21.1 was included in the duplication; GSR activity in the red blood cells was increased. In the other patient, subband 8p21.1 was not included in the duplication and GSR activity was normal. This allows GSR to be assigned to subband 8p21.1. Including the present 2 patients, at least 13 cases of this abnormality have been published. We have obtained data on at least 8 further cases (unpublished). We conclude that inv dup (8p) is a non-randomly occurring de novo structural aberration in man. The GSR results in our cases prove that breakpoints can be different in different patients. Clinical symptoms and signs include some common features but show marked interpatient variation which should, at least in part, be caused by the differences in break-points. A detailed collaborative study to determine the clinical and epidemiological features of this entity is recommended. PMID- 6985010 TI - [Non random position of metaphasic chromosomes. II. Effect of condensation on the position of X chromosomes]. AB - A study is reported on the location of X chromosomes in human female lymphocytes and fibroblasts at mitosis. By the use of BrdU, incorporated during either early or late S-phase, the late and the early replicating Xs were identified, so that it could be determined which was more peripheral in the metaphase plate. In lymphocytes, when BrdU is incorporated during late S-phase, the late-replicating X, which is the less condensed, is the more peripheral. On the contrary, when BrdU is incorporated during early S-phase, the early replicating X, which is the less condensed, is the more peripheral. On the other hand, in fibroblasts grown on coverslips, the late-replicating X is always peripheral, regardless of the time of BrdU treatment. These results confirm the peripheral location of the late replicating X and demonstrate the presence of artifacts, depending on chromosome condensation, occurring during the procedures of slide preparation. PMID- 6985009 TI - [Chromosomal phylogeny of the gerbillidae. II. A study of six Meriones, of Taterillus gracilis and of Gerbillurus tytonis]. AB - The karyotypes of two Meriones: M. unguiculatus and M. shawi, one Taterillus (T. gracilis), and one Gerbillurus (G. tytonis) (Rodentia, Gerbillidae) are compared with those of four species of Meriones previously studied. This study has shown that 10 chromosomal rearrangements split the genus Meriones in two groups. This conclusion is confirmed here and it is shown that the genuses Taterillus and Gerbillurus emerge from the branch connecting these two groups. PMID- 6985011 TI - [Non random position of metaphasic chromosomes. III. Position of chromosomes involved in constitutional translocations]. AB - Autosome-autosome and sex chromosome-autosome constitutional translocations are analyzed in order to determine whether the affected chromosomes have a particular position in the spread metaphase. Except for one t (10;15) and for several t (X;autosome), the rearranged chromosomes and their normal homologues seem to have random positions. In so far as it has been demonstrated that the metaphase chromosome's positions reflect those of the interphase chromosomes, it is concluded that no specific ordering, transmissible cell generation after generation, exists. The position of the chromosomes would be determined after anaphase migration and would remain unchanged until the subsequent metaphase. Therefore, the rearrangements do not impose any particular topological constraints to the involved chromosomes. The only exceptions may concern the sex chromosomes and those carrying nucleolar organizers. PMID- 6985012 TI - [Non random position of metaphasic chromosomes. IV. Study of translocations t(7;14)(p14;q12) and t(7;14)(q35;q12)]. AB - A study is reported on the distances between rearranged chromosomes and between their normal homologues in the case of t(7;14)(p14;q12) and of t(7;14)(q35;q12), in lymphocytes from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) and in non-affected persons. The study shows that rearranged chromosomes, in t(7;14)(p14;q12) are closer together, in non-AT persons, than their normal homologues. This is interpreted as the result of recent, repeated, and poorly transmitted mutations, in non-AT persons. On the contrary, this translocation, probably not eliminated in AT patients, becomes the most frequent. PMID- 6985013 TI - Cytogenetic investigations in 418 couples with recurrent fetal wastage. AB - 418 couples karyotyped because of recurrent miscarriages are reported. 4,78% showed chromosome aberrations (centric fusion, translocation, inversion, mosaicism or fragility of certain chromosome) and 7,19% had normal variants (inv(9), inv(1), 1qh+, 9qh+, etc.). PMID- 6985014 TI - Tetrasomy 9p: clinical aspects and enzymatic gene dosage expression. AB - A girl aged 13 years and 9 months with a phenotypic appearance of 9p trisomy was studied. Chromosome analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed a 9p tetrasomy [47,XX,+i(9p)] with no evidence of mosaicism. Biochemical studies corroborate the gene dosage effect for galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase. The roentgenological findings were quite similar to those of the 9p trisomy except for hypoplastic and angulated ribs, and malformed vertebral bodies, which are probably exclusive of the tetrasomic state. PMID- 6985015 TI - Ring chromosome 9: identification of a new case by G- and C-banding. PMID- 6985017 TI - Familial tiny 9p/20p translocation: 9p24. The critical segment for monosomy 9p syndrome. AB - The presence of a chromosomal translocation was suggested in a large kindred with several cases of mental retardation. Chromosome analysis by means of a high resolution technique revealed a translocation of a tiny terminal portion of 9p onto 20p in the presumptive balanced translocation carriers. Five of the affected family members demonstrated monosomy of the terminal portion of 9p. Their clinical features fitted well to the known 9p- syndrome. The breakpoint on 9p is in the distal part of band 9p23. This family confirmed the assumption that the critical segment for monosomy 9p syndrome is located within the terminal band 9p24. PMID- 6985016 TI - [Attenuated phenotype of trisomy 4p by translocation t(X;4)(p21.2;p13)]. AB - A 9-year-old girl with trisomy 4p and monosomy Xp by malsegregation of a maternal translocation t(X;4)(p21.2;p13) was found to have less severe clinical abnormalities and mental retardation than expected for a 4p trisomy syndrome. Height and weight were within the normal range. X replication was studied by BrdU incorporation: in the mother, the normal X was late replicating except in a few cells in which the translocation X was late. In all cells studied from the proband, the translocation X was late, and this late replication extended into the adjoined 4p segment. PMID- 6985018 TI - Influence of Dermacentor andersoni infestation on lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens. PMID- 6985019 TI - [Current views on the diagnostic value of pneumoencephalography]. PMID- 6985020 TI - [Diagnostic value of positively contrasting ventriculography]. PMID- 6985021 TI - [Cannabis consumption in a sample of pupils and students in the Brussel's region]. PMID- 6985022 TI - [Relation of antibodies specific for asialo-T cells to renal disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6985024 TI - A comparison of counterflow centrifugation and unit gravity sedimentation in the separation of mouse bone marrow progenitor cells. AB - Both Unit Gravity Sedimentation and Counterflow Centrifugation separate cells primarily on the basis of size. However, when performed concurrently on the same normal mouse bone marrow cell suspensions, Unit Gravity Sedimentation was found to be far superior in terms of the recovery of total nucleated cell load and the recovery and enrichment of two classes of functional progenitors: (1) those responsive to the combined stimulus of pregnant mouse uterus extract (PMUE) plus human spleen conditioned medium (HUSPCM), and (2), those responsive to PMUE alone. Neither technique was able to resolve PMUE from PMUE + HUSPCM progenitors. The major limitation of Counterflow Centrifugation for the separation of sub populations of marrow cells is related to the complexity and range of cell sizes in marrow cell suspensions which lead to significant pellet formation within the elutriator chamber. Furthermore, cells undergoing Counterflow Centrifugation are subjected to forces not encountered in Unit Gravity Sedimentation. Therefore, the basis of the separations is not identical and this is reflected in cell volume distributions of comparable fractions separated by each method. PMID- 6985023 TI - Studies on natural killer (NK) cells. Heterogeneity of NK cells in beige mutant mice. AB - Mice homozygous for the recessive beige mutation show grossly impaired natural killer (NK) activity against lymphoma targets in short term assays. When spleen cells from homozygous C57 BL/6 and B6C3F1 beige mutant mice were examined in assays of up to 30 h duration and tested with anti-NK-1 . 2 antiserum prior to assay, it was found (1) that the impaired NK-1 . 2+ (NKA) activity against lymphoma targets could be partially or wholly overcome by prolonging the assay time to greater than 12 h, (2) the NKA activity as revealed by prolonged assay times showed considerable variability in homozygous beige mutant mice (from greater than or equal to 4-fold less than to 2-fold greater than that of normal controls), (3) that NK-1 . 2- (NKB) activity against two non-lymphoma targets was normal in these mutant mice and (4) that two independently derived beige mutations had the same effects on NKA and NKB cell activity. PMID- 6985025 TI - Self-reported drug use among secondary school students in two rapidly developing Nigerian towns. AB - A 32-item standardized multiple-choice and open-ended questionnaire was completed by nearly 500 male and female secondary school students in two rapidly developing Nigerian towns. About two thirds of the students reported some exposure to alcohol, and about one quarter reported some experience with tobacco. There was much less use of caffeine, methaqualone in combination with diphenhydramine, 2 ethylamino-3-phenylorcamphane in combination with vitamins, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, cannabis and dexamphetamine. Many students fell into the "past use" category. Parents were extremely disapproving of the use of almost any drug. Many students supported stronger penalties for the use of cannabis. Non-users claimed that drugs were dangerous to health. In addition, religious beliefs were associated with abstinence from drugs. PMID- 6985026 TI - Patterns of drug, alcohol and tobacco use among high school students in Santiago, Chile. AB - A survey using a self-administered questionnaire, based on a sample of 1,240 students from four public schools in Santiago, showed that 70.1 per cent of the students used alcohol, 56.3 per cent tobacco, 7.3 per cent cannabis, 2.5 per cent tranquillizers, 1.9 per cent stimulants and 0.7 per cent tranquillizers together with stimulants. Frequent alcohol consumption was found among 14.5 per cent of the students, 11.1 per cent of them smoked more than six cigarettes a day and 1.4 per cent smoked cannabis more than once a week. Consumption of these substances were more frequent among students who came from presumably more affluent residential neighbourhoods. Easy access to drugs played an important role in the occurrence of drug abuse. PMID- 6985027 TI - A preliminary report on self-reported drug use among students in Zambia. AB - Two studies of drug use among Zambian students are described; the first based on a sample of 336 secondary school students and the second on a sample of 1,836 students from a wide range of educational institutions. All these students belonged to a select group and their patterns of drug use may not be typical of the majority of youth who have not been able to continue with their education. Lifetime prevalence rates are examined and it is shown that while up to 10 per cent of the female students experimented with cannabis, only male students tended to become regular users. Apart from minor tranquillizers, the use of other drugs was relatively uncommon, and there were no reports of the use of morphine, heroin or cocaine. A connection between the frequency of reporting of problems and the drugs used indicates that there is a small proportion of vulnerable students who could be helped if detected early. PMID- 6985029 TI - Drug abuse in Nigeria: a review of epidemiological studies. AB - This paper reviews the available literature on the epidemiology of drug abuse in Nigeria. Depending on the definition used, substances which are abused include antibiotics, antidiarrhoeals, laxatives, pain-relieving drugs, sedatives, amphetamines and cannabis. This review is, however, limited to studies on substances which alter behaviour or mood. These drugs include cannabis, sedative hypnotics, amphetamines and alcohol. For some classes of drugs there has been a noticeable shift in patterns of drug abuse, for example, from abuse of methaqualone to barbiturates. The abuse of volatile solvents and other substances has also been noted. The review shows that there is no age limit among drug abusers. Studies on the influence of social class have been contradictory. Factors which indicate a predisposition to initial drug use have been similar to those reported in other cultures. Although the studies agreed on the classes of drugs abused and the changing patterns of drug abuse, there has been no uniform reporting system. This situation is attributed to financial constraints. Large scale surveys which should incorporate most of the core items in any epidemiological study on substance abuse have been suggested. PMID- 6985028 TI - Epidemiological and clinical approach to the study of candidiasis caused by Candida albicans in heroin addicts in the Paris region: analysis of 35 observations. AB - A study of 35 cases of deep-seated Candida albicans candidiasis, affecting heroin addicts in the Paris region, revealed that the lesions observed were mainly cutaneous (88 per cent) and ocular (65 per cent), along with a number of instances of osteoarticular and pleuropulmonary attacks. The clinical and epidemiological findings indicated the possibility that Candida albicans might be transmitted through the heroin. This paper also presents the diagnostic techniques, and the novelty of the clinical picture, in which cutaneous and ocular lesions are frequently associated (57 per cent). PMID- 6985030 TI - [Results of clinical tests of color vision in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6985032 TI - [The intestinal manifestation of Behcet's disease: report of 16 cases]. PMID- 6985031 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis (hemophilus vaginalis), an unusual cause of peritonitis in C.A.P.D. AB - Gardnerella vaginalis is usually associated with nonspecific bacterial vaginitis. This paper presents a CAPD patient with peritonitis due to G. vaginalis. The infection route remained speculative. Treatment with gentamicin was not successful while the clinical signs of peritonitis disappeared within 24 hours after starting cefazolin. PMID- 6985033 TI - [Humoral and cell-mediated immunity in the comparison of autologous hepatocytes in chronic active viral and autoimmune hepatitis]. PMID- 6985034 TI - [Perendoscopic sclerosis in the treatment of esophageal varices]. PMID- 6985035 TI - [Stenosis of the left coronary trunk. Results of aorto-coronary bypass in a series of 46 patients]. AB - Forty-six patients were operated on from 1979 to 1980 in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery "A. De Gasperis" in Milan, to relieve left main coronary artery stenosis. There was only one death (2,1%) in a patient with "untractable angina". Three patients had per-operative infarction. No other complication were noted. The follow-up varies from 4 to 30 months: 40 patients are asymptomatic, 2 are improved, 1 patient had a recurrence of angina after 15 months. There were no deaths nor myocardial infarctions in the long-term follow-up. PMID- 6985036 TI - [Long-term evaluation of aorto-coronary bypass surgery]. AB - Between October 1969 and June 1978; 878 patients underwent coronary bypass grafting at Harefield Hospital. Five hundred and fifty-four patients (63%) were restudied postoperatively by coronary angiography in order to evaluate graft patency in relation to time, runoff, influence of endoarterectomies, clinical condition, age, sex, risk factors and the progression of the disease in native vessels. Patency rate was 85% in 197 patients restudied between 1 and 6 years postoperative (mean 26 months). Patency rate of 63 endoarterectomized vessel restudied between 1 and 6 years postoperatively was 84%. Restudy of 343 patent grafts shows a good runoff in 299 (87%). The effects of runoff on long term patency were evaluated in a group of 81 patients restudied twice with mean interval of 18.3 months between the first and second investigation. Eighty-six percent of 147 grafts showed a good runoff at the second study. Age, sex and risk factors do not appear to influence long term patency rate. Two hundred and sixty out of 354 patients followed up postoperatively from 6 to 86 months (mean 28.2 months) were asymptomatic and the graft patency rate was 87%. Seventy-four of these patients had all their grafts patent. Sixteen symptomatic patients had a patency rate of 55%, thirty-seven percent of them had all the grafts patent. Progression of the disease in native vessels was observed in 23 out of 132 non grafted vessels (17%) and distal to the graft in 7 out of 252 bypassed vessels (3%). PMID- 6985037 TI - [Synergism of 2-mercaptoethanol and soluble products of activated macrophages in mitogen-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes]. PMID- 6985038 TI - [The deleterious effects of steroid and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs on diseased joints]. PMID- 6985039 TI - [Sex hormones and the immune system]. PMID- 6985040 TI - Types of the smallest cardiac veins. PMID- 6985041 TI - Roentgenometric evaluation of the long bones of upper limb in prenatal period in humans. PMID- 6985043 TI - Morphological variability of the terminal segment of the abdominal aorta in Polish merino sheep. PMID- 6985042 TI - Arterial vascularization of anuli fibrosi of intervertebral discs in man. PMID- 6985044 TI - Interneurons in the celiac ganglia in dog. PMID- 6985045 TI - The form and microscopic structure of the human spinal cord during the embryonic period. PMID- 6985046 TI - Hemopoiesis in liver diseases. Ultrastructural study of bone-marrow granulocytes and plasma cells. PMID- 6985048 TI - The effect of removal of bulbo-urethral glands on weight and morphology of accessory sex glands in rats. PMID- 6985047 TI - Adrenergic nerves in the uterine ligamentum latum and the mesosalpinx in pig. PMID- 6985049 TI - Germ cells degeneration in gonads of human fetuses and newborns. PMID- 6985051 TI - Variability of the course of external carotid artery and its rami in man in the light of anatomical and radiological studies. PMID- 6985050 TI - Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural observations of the subcommissural organ of white rats in the course of the adrenal glands regeneration. PMID- 6985052 TI - Variability of the origin of ramifications of the subclavian artery in humans (studies on the Polish population). PMID- 6985053 TI - Dimensions and shape of the stomach in newborns. PMID- 6985055 TI - Renal pelvis and selected dimensions of the kidney in rabbits. PMID- 6985057 TI - A case of two-lobar parotid gland. PMID- 6985054 TI - Dimensions of the inferior vena cava in humans. PMID- 6985056 TI - Rami communicantes of the pelvic segment of the sympathetic trunk in human fetuses. PMID- 6985060 TI - Prostate lobes of aging rats: a morphometric light microscopic approach. PMID- 6985058 TI - Epithelial cells of rat bulbo-urethral glands after experimental intoxication with "Cynkotox". PMID- 6985059 TI - Dendritic areas and input space of supraspinal nucleus. PMID- 6985061 TI - Teratology of today--main research trends. PMID- 6985062 TI - The project of changes in the study program for the first two years at medical faculties and stomatological sections of medical academies. PMID- 6985063 TI - Reaction of selected diencephalic structures on disturbed water balance. I. Effect of long-lasting dehydration on neurosecretory system. Neurosecretion and hydrolytic enzymes. PMID- 6985064 TI - Ultrastructure of cell organelles in the course of differentation of the neurones of the inferior ganglion of the vagus in human. PMID- 6985065 TI - Fossa ovalis of the interatrial septum in humans. PMID- 6985066 TI - Topography of hepatic veins in man. PMID- 6985067 TI - Supernumerary segmental branches of the renal artery. PMID- 6985068 TI - Ramifications of the human portal vein in the fetal and perinatal period. PMID- 6985070 TI - Nutrient foramina in femoral, tibial and fibular bones in human fetuses. PMID- 6985069 TI - Arterial anastomoses between the superior and the inferior mesenteric artery in human fetuses. PMID- 6985071 TI - Single photon emission computerized tomography: a new dimension in nuclear medicine-system characterization. PMID- 6985073 TI - Free and bound acetylcholine in frog muscle. AB - 1. Frog sartorius muscles were divided into end-plate containing (e.p.) and end plate-free (non-e.p.) segments or homogenized in Ringer solution at 0 degrees C in the presence or absence of added acetylcholinesterase from electric eel. ACh was extracted from the tissue or from the homogenates and measured by mass fragmentography. 2. The concentration of ACh in non-e.p. segments was about six times lower than that in e.p. segments. 3. Homogenization of muscles in Ringer caused the hydrolysis of a small fraction ('free-1') of total ACh; addition of extra acetylcholinesterase caused hydrolysis of another, greater, fraction ('free 2' ACh). The esterase-resistant ('bound') ACh was stable at 0 degrees C up to 15 min of incubation. 4. Denervation for 15 days, which caused the disappearance of the nerve terminals, did not influence ACh in non-e.p. segments, but reduced total and bound ACh by about 75%, and free-2 ACh by 90%. 5. Treatment with La3+ ions, which caused the disappearance of synaptic vesicles, did not influence total ACh, but reduced bound ACh by 75%, whereas free-1 and free-2 ACh were increased. 6. Electrical stimulation of the nerve at 5 sec-1 or incubation with 50 mM-KCl did not affect ACh in the non-e.p. segments, but reduced by roughly 60% total, bound, and free ACh. 7. It is concluded that about 75% of bound ACh derives from synaptic vesicles, corresponding to 11,000 molecules per vesicle, and 25% from non-neural ACh; that free-1 and free-2 ACh derive mainly from the nerve terminal cytoplasm, although they may be contaminated by vesicular ACh. PMID- 6985072 TI - Reinnervation of the amphibian cardiac ganglion after complete or partial denervation. AB - The interactions between regenerating and sprouted nerve terminals during reinnervation of neurones were tested in the parasympathetic cardiac ganglion in frogs. 1. After partial (unilateral) vagotomy, remaining intact preganglionic vagal axons rapidly sprouted and innervated the entire ganglion. At later intervals after nerve damage, regenerating vagal axons were able to reinnervate ganglion cells despite the presence of synapses from sprouted nerve terminals. 2. When vagal reinnervation took place after unilateral vagotomy, synaptic input from the sprouted vagus nerve declined. 3. The presence of synapses from intact and sprouted nerve terminals in the ganglion after partial denervation measurably delayed the rate of vagal reinnervation. 4. After complete denervation (bilateral vagotomy), ganglionic reinnervation was rapid and complete. However, cells initially received an excessive number of preganglionic inputs and an abnormal distribution of left/right vagal innervation in the ganglion. 5. At long intervals (up to 85 weeks) after ganglionic reinnervation, some reduction of excess vagal inputs took place, indicating there was a slow re-organization of ganglionic synapses. 6. The number of boutons per cell body as revealed by zinc iodide-osmium staining remained constant after vagal reinnervation, despite an initial excessive synaptic reinnervation and subsequent synaptic remodelling. PMID- 6985075 TI - Early ultrastructural changes of aorta in rats loaded with vitamin D2 and cholesterol. PMID- 6985076 TI - [Effect of ATP on the electroretinogram of the isolated frog retina]. PMID- 6985074 TI - Calcium transients evoked by action potentials in frog twitch muscle fibres. AB - 1. Intracellular Ca(2+) transients were recorded from frog twitch muscle fibres in response to action potentials and repetitive stimulation, using ionophoretically injected arsenazo III as a Ca(2+) monitor. A dual wave-length optical system was used to measure absorbance changes of the injected dye from small areas of single fibres within the cutaneous pectoris muscle.2. The absorbance spectrum of the injected arsenazo III in a resting fibre was consistent with an intracellular free Mg(2+) level of a few hundred micromolar, assuming an intracellular pH of 7.1. The resting free Ca(2+) concentration was below the limit of resolution.3. The wave-length dependence of the arsenazo light absorbance signal during twitches followed that expected for Ca(2+) binding to the dye. Recordings made at wave-lengths where the dye is maximally sensitive to pH or Mg(2+) concentration changes indicated that interference from these sources is minimal at the usual wave-length pair (650-700 nm) used for Ca(2+) recordings.4. Over a wide range of intracellular dye concentrations, the size of the arsenazo response to an action potential increased linearly with dye concentration (100-1000 muM), although there were deviations from this relationship at low and high concentrations.5. An approximate estimate of 8 muM was obtained for the peak free Ca(2+) concentration change following a single action potential. Changes in temperature (6-25 degrees C) did not significantly affect the size of the free Ca(2+) transient. During maximal tetanic stimulation the signal rose to about three times higher than the twitch response. An approximate minimum estimate of the increase in total cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration during a twitch gave a value of 220 muM.6. A latency of about 1.5 ms (at 10 degrees C) was observed between the foot of an action potential and the onset of the arsenazo response. Recordings made using a narrow measuring light slit, placed either at the edge or the centre of a fibre, suggested that only a small part of this latency could be due to inward conduction of the action potential along the T-tubules.7. The decay phase of the arsenazo response to an action potential followed an exponential time course, with a time constant of 71 ms at 10 degrees C. This time constant was strongly temperature-dependent, with a Q(10) of about 2.4. An Arrhenius plot of the decay time constant gave a straight line.8. During repetitive stimulation, the arsenazo responses evoked by successive impulses showed two changes: a progressive decrease in amplitude and a slowing of the decay. The extent to which successive responses summated during a tetanus depended upon the balance between these two effects. PMID- 6985077 TI - [Value of the cumulative effects of Coriolis accelerations in the evaluation of vestibulo-vegetative disorders]. PMID- 6985078 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in a newborn infant population and 1-2 year follow-up]. PMID- 6985079 TI - [2 cases of congenital Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in premature infants detected by intravital diagnosis]. PMID- 6985080 TI - [Ciliary immotility syndrome without situs inversus in 2 children]. AB - The authors report two cases of immotile cilia syndrome occurring in two children without situs inversus. The two boys, 3 and 7 years old, had bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis and recurrent upper airway infections. In the siblings, we found Kartagener's syndrome (sister of the first boy, and two sibs of the second). The diagnosis in the 2 cases was performed by study of ciliary motion in bronchial brushing. Ultrastructural examination of biopsies from bronchial mucosa showed specific defects of the axoneme. PMID- 6985081 TI - Autokinesis and peripheral stimuli: implications for fixational stability. AB - The reduction in autokinesis of a fixated stimulus was determined as a function of the eccentricity of an identical second stimulus. When the stimuli were separated by 1 deg, autokinesis was reduced by approximately 50% but with increasing separation the attenuation was diminished. The results are interpreted in terms of fixational stability models of autokinesis. It is suggested that autokinesis as well as other examples of apparent movement result from fixational instability. PMID- 6985082 TI - [Serum rifampicin level in children with tuberculosis and in young mice]. PMID- 6985083 TI - [Correlation between hemorrhage on probing and treponemas and motile microorganisms in subgingival plaque in children]. PMID- 6985085 TI - The physiological basis and therapeutic possibilities of textile segments. PMID- 6985086 TI - Local heat therapy, climate and thermo-economy of the human body. PMID- 6985084 TI - [Upper digestive fibroscopy in children--experience in 204 procedures]. PMID- 6985087 TI - The wearing of textile segments as localized thermo-therapy for rheumatic pain (an attempt to assess its practical value). PMID- 6985088 TI - Thermotherapy of rheumatic complaints using therapeutic textile segments. PMID- 6985089 TI - Rheumatic diseases--textile segments. PMID- 6985091 TI - The significance of functional underwear and textile pads for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6985090 TI - Segment therapy. Textile segments in support of medication and physio-therapy. PMID- 6985092 TI - The importance of functional underclothing and therapeutic textile warmth segments in the treatment of rheumatic diseases among seafaring and port workers. PMID- 6985093 TI - Topical treatment of rheumatism with textile segments. PMID- 6985094 TI - The local treatment of rheumatic conditions with textile thermotherapeutic segments. PMID- 6985095 TI - Rheumatic complaints in the Berlin Fire Brigade. PMID- 6985096 TI - The use of textile therapeutic segments in a company in the metal industry. PMID- 6985097 TI - Medicine in material. PMID- 6985099 TI - [Proceedings of the 26th scientific session of the Japan Rheumatism Association. May 14 to 22, 1982 Okayama City, Okayama, Japan. Abstracts]. PMID- 6985098 TI - [Rupture of Baker's cysts of the synovium of the knee joint in patients with rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6985100 TI - Sclerosing therapy of oesophageal varices. PMID- 6985102 TI - Survey of tuberculous infection in schoolchildren in Bahrain. AB - A tuberculin survey was carried out on young schoolchildren in Bahrain and the results are compared with those of a previous survey. In 1969, with the co operation of the World Health Organisation, a sample tuberculin survey was carried out on all age groups; it was found that 55 of the 897 children 6-7 years of age showed positive reactions (6.1%). In 1981, 12 years later, this same age group was surveyed again. A total of 6151 children was tested, of whom 86 were positive reactors (1.4%). This decline in the rate of tuberculous infection, by 12% a year, is highly significant (P much less than 0.001). The survey also shows a significantly higher rate of tuberculin positive reactors amongst immigrant children than amongst native Bahrainis. PMID- 6985101 TI - Autoimmunity and circulating immune complexes in retinal vasculitis. AB - This paper presents the results of a point-prevalence study of circulating autoantibodies and immune complexes in 44 patients with isolated retinal vasculitis (RV alone), 38 patients with retinal vasculitis accompanied by systemic inflammatory disease (RV + SID), and 33 patients with a similar range of systemic inflammatory disease but without eye involvement (SID alone). In isolated retinal vasculitis, antiretinal antibodies, non-retinal antibodies, and circulating immune complexes each showed a prevalence of about 50 per cent, but there was an inverse relationship between marked antiretinal autoimmunity and the occurrence of circulating immune complexes. In SID alone, antiretinal antibodies (ret-AB) were of lower prevalence (about 20 per cent) and occurred only in patients who had circulating immune complexes (CIC). Patients with RV + SID fell into two principal categories: (a) ret-AB with CIC, and (b) ret-AB without CIC. In isolated retinal vasculitis, the occurrence of high levels of retinal autoimmunity in the absence of circulating immune complexes was associated with the more severe retinal disease, while in those RV + SID patients who did not express autoimmunity, the more severe retinal disease was associated with the presence of circulating immune complexes. It is suggested that the formation of circulating autoimmune complexes, possibly of an idiotypic: anti-idiotypic character, may be a 'risk' mechanism for limiting retinal-specific autoimmunity, and that certain patients with severe retinal vasculitis may undercompensate or overcompensate in this way. PMID- 6985103 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis]. PMID- 6985104 TI - The nonspecific nature of platelet-associated IgG. PMID- 6985105 TI - Cone lamellae and red and green rod outer segment disks contain a large intrinsic membrane protein on their margins: an ultrastructural immunocytochemical study of frog retinas. AB - In addition to rhodopsin, the disk membranes of rod outer segments (ROS) contain a large integral membrane protein (mol. wt 290,000). This protein was previously localized by immunocytochemistry to the margins and incisures of disks in frog red ROS by specific antibody applied to thin sections of bovine serum albumin embedded retinas (Papermaster et al., 1978b, J. Cell Biol. 78, 415-425). Upon further study of the reactions of this antibody with outer segments of other photoreceptor classes in frog retina, labeling of the short incisures and margins of green ROS and margins of cone outer segment lamellae is also observed. Thus the large protein participates in the structure of the edges of disks and lamellae of all photoreceptors in the frog. In addition, labeling of the inter incisure surface of all photoreceptor classes was observed at high antibody concentration. In order to interpret this labeling, the effect of dilution on labeling density was determined and double reciprocal plots (Markham and Benton, 1931, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53, 497) were employed to evaluate the relative affinity and heterogeneity. There was considerable deviation from linearity in the plots of labeling disk interiors compared to the relatively linear plots of disk incisure labeling which suggests that the interior sites contain a weakly cross reacting antigen or that the serum contains a lower concentration of antibody weakly reactive with another antigen. PMID- 6985106 TI - Local stimulation induces shedding throughout the frog retina. AB - Our previous work has demonstrated that rod shedding in the frog retina can be driven by environmental cues such as light onset. Although shedding normally occurs binocularly, we found that shedding could be initiated independently in either eye of the frog by monocular stimulation. Further, rod shedding occurs in vitro in the isolated eyecup under appropriate incubation conditions when provided with a light stimulus following a dark incubation period. Thus, the control mechanism for light induced rod shedding in the frog seems to be located within the eye, and does not seem to be systemically or centrally located. However, the exact link between light onset and shedding of the distal rod tips remains unknown. To elucidate further the control site for initiation of rod shedding, we used a variety of stimulus conditions, including front and rear screens as well as spots and slits projected directly on the retina, to stimulate a small portion of the frog retina with a range of light intensities and stimulus paradigms. In all cases where shedding occurred, it was uniform throughout the retina. Thus, it appears that the light-cued message received by a small population of photoreceptors is sufficient to initiate shedding throughout the retina. These results differ significantly from those found by Easter and Macy for light-induced photomechanical movements, which were found to be locally controlled. PMID- 6985108 TI - Localization of Ca2+ at the plasma membrane of bullfrog myocardial cells. AB - Cellular distribution and localization of Ca2+ in bullfrog myocardial cells was investigated on the light and electron microscopical level using different preparation procedures. Fixation and dehydration in glutaraldehyde and ethanol solutions containing increased amounts of Ca2+ (5-25 mM) cause the formation of numerous electron-dense deposits at the external face of the sarcolemma. X-ray microanalysis demonstrates that the deposits are mainly composed of calcium. Similar results were obtained in cryopreparations by quick-freezing of fresh myocardial tissue. Granules with a diameter of 16.6 nm, which clearly exceed all other cell constituents in contrast, are found at the entire myocardial cell surface. Besides an increased amount of calcium the granules contain potassium and phosphorus. Fluorescence microscopy on single cells obtained from bullfrog atrium by treatment with digestive enzymes and stained with chlorotetracycline (CTC) as a fluorescent probe for membrane-bound Ca2+ clearly support the observations made on the fine structural level. A strong fluorescence signal depending on the CTC- and Ca2+-concentration of the incubation medium is observed at the sarcolemma and can be inhibited by addition of La3+. The results of the present investigation suggest that the surface coat of the sarcolemma of myocardial cells represents an important compartment for accumulation and release of external Ca2+. The external lamina which partly covers the surface of myocardial cells seems not to be involved in the Ca2+ exchange. PMID- 6985107 TI - Fever and immunoregulation: hyperthermia, interleukins 1 and 2, and T-cell proliferation. AB - The role of fever in host defense, if indeed it has one, is poorly understood. Fever in response to exogenous agents is mediated by a host macrophage product called endogenous pyrogen (EP). Recently it has been shown that EP is probably identical to interleukin 1 (IL1), an immunostimulatory macrophage product that induces T-cell proliferation. We postulated that the pyrogenic and immunostimulatory actions of this host mediator might be interrelated and tested T-cell proliferation induced by IL1 at a temperature characteristic of fever. The T-cell proliferative response to IL1 (and to the lymphokine, interleukin 2) was greatly increased at 39 degrees C compared to 37 degrees C, while B-cell mitogenesis in response to lipopolysaccharide was not. These findings suggest that, if similar events occur in vivo, fever may have important immunoregulatory significance and call into question the current indiscriminate use of antipyretic agents. PMID- 6985109 TI - Effect of water soluble polymer, polyethyleneglycol, and glass-forming compounds on cell fusion. AB - The cell fusion of Molt T-cells was investigated in the presence of water soluble polymer, polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and glass-forming monomers. In cell fusion with PEG only, inactivation of the cell occurred within 2 min. However, in the presence of PEG and water soluble polymer, most of the fused and unfused cells lived even after fusion times of more than 10 min. It was observed that water soluble polymer prevented the inactivation of cells during fusion as a protectant. As the result, ratio of fused cells increased in the presence of water soluble polymers. Some glass-forming monomers used as new fusogens such as M-23G (n = 23) and M-50G (n = 50) monomers having long oxyethylene chains in the methoxypolyethyleneglycol methacrylate, CH3O-(-CH2CH2-O)n-CO-C(CH3) = CH2 as well as PEG #2000 indicated large promoting and protecting effects on cell fusion. PMID- 6985111 TI - Retrospective analysis in smoking cessation research. AB - The use of retrospective data in smoking research represents possible sources of bias resulting from: (1) baseline incomparability of current, former, and non smokers, (2) instability of parameters under investigation, and (3) difficulties in recall. A self-report measure of smoking motives was employed in a longitudinal design to examine bias associated with retrospective data analysis. Thirty-six pairs of former smokers and recidivists (smokers who had tried to quit) were matched on age and amount smoked. Although initial responses for both groups were comparable, former smokers were significantly higher on smoking motive factors after quitting compared to recidivists who stayed essentially the same. The findings suggest that mean differences in smoking motives between recidivists and former smokers assessed cross-sectionally may not accurately reflect the magnitude of the differences that existed when both groups were smoking. PMID- 6985110 TI - [Emergency endoscopy in the diagnosis of hemorrhage from the upper part of the digestive tract]. AB - Within a two-year period urgent endoscopy due to bleeding from the upper digestive tract was performed in 209 patients, that is, 4,6% of all endoscopies. The cause of bleeding was detected in 84% of the examined patients. The most common cause of bleeding was: gastroduodenal ulcer, erosive esophagogastroduodenitis, malignant gastric neoplasm, and, in a smaller percentage, peptic postresection ulcer and esophageal varices. Analysing causes of a relatively high percentage of nonidentified bleedings the authors insist on detection of small lesions as well as indirect signs of mucosal alterations as possible causes of bleeding. PMID- 6985112 TI - Immunopharmacology of Chinese medicine 1, ginseng induced immunosuppression in virus-infected mice. AB - Total saponins extracted from Panax ginseng, when injected into mice at a dose of approximately 10 mg/kg body weight, have no significant effect on the generation of cytotoxic T cell activity, induction of natural killer cell activity and humoral antibody production in mice infected subsequently with A/WSN influenza virus. The saponins, however, selectively suppressed the delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to the virus when administered to the animals before but not after virus sensitization. Thus, ginseng pretreatment can induce immunological unresponsiveness in one arm of the immune system. Such selective immunosuppression effect of the total saponins of ginseng may be related to their steroid-like structure. PMID- 6985113 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. Review of 21 cases]. AB - Twenty-one cases of "Haemophilus influenzae" meningitis occurred over a seven year period. An ampicillin-resistant strain was isolated in three (14,2%), but the percentage of ampicillin-resistant strains rose to 33% over the last two years, in meningitis and to 38% in all patients whose blood or CSF grew "Haemophilus influenzae". One case (4,7%) had severe neurologic damage, and 3 (14%) had minor damage. The estimated duration of symptoms prior to proper treatment correlated with duration of fever conscience depression, and hospital stay. Both of the patients with symptoms prior to treatment lasting over 72 hours had sequellae. Chloramphenicol should be included in the therapy of every patient suspected of having severe "Haemophilus influenzae" infection in our region. PMID- 6985114 TI - [Schoenlein-Henoch syndrome with recurrent intestinal necrosis]. PMID- 6985115 TI - [Epiglottitis caused by multi-resistant Haemophilus influenzae]. PMID- 6985116 TI - [Diffuse nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism]. AB - Diffuse non auto-immune hyperthyroidism is a rare entity, classically restricted to cases with hypersecretion of TSH, hCG or related molecule and to a few reports of proven paraneoplastic origin. The authors try to individualize another type of diffuse hyperthyroidism, previously considered to belong to Graves' disease, but without any sign of disimmunity. They present a familial form with several hyperthyroidic patients who showed neither change in humoral immunity nor immunological abnormality within the thyroid gland, even in those that were operated upon without prior antithyroid medication. Similar findings occurred within several series of hyperthyroid glands separately studied by the authors, using different techniques: histomorphometric quantification of lymphocytic infiltration, immunofluorescence in the search of IgG, IgA, IgM, C1 q, C3 and C9 fractions, or T-lymphocyte subsets. These techniques generally tend to yield positive results, that agree with an auto-immune pathogenesis, but totally negative findings do occur. This type of diffuse hyperthyroidism should be delineated from the common auto-immune type, and might be called toxic hyperplasia. PMID- 6985117 TI - [Oral bioavailability of an L-5-HTP/carbidopa tablet]. PMID- 6985118 TI - [Percutaneous radiofrequency thermolesion of Gasser's ganglion in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 6985119 TI - [Rehabilitative treatment in the sequelae of a tendon transfer intervention on the lower extremity]. PMID- 6985121 TI - Effects of glucan on murine b-lymphocyte colony forming cells. PMID- 6985122 TI - Contamination of human placental granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor by bacterial endotoxin: its removal by a simple adsorption technique. AB - Bacterial endotoxin was detected by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay in four preparations of human placental granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (HP-CSF), a humoral factor required for the production of human granulocyte-macrophage colonies in semi-solid cultures. The complete removal of endotoxin from these preparations was carried out by its adsorption to LAL proteins, either directly of following coupling to sepharose beads. Removal of endotoxin from HP-CSF did not result in any reduction of its in vitro granulopoietic activity, and the LAL-sepharose complex could be recycled for further use. PMID- 6985123 TI - [Choroid plexus papilloma in the cerebellopontine angle and the significance of angiography of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and its diagnosis]. PMID- 6985124 TI - [Subtemporal transtentorial approach for the removal of cerebellopontine angle tumors]. PMID- 6985120 TI - Adjuvant arthritis in rat during pregnancy and lactation. AB - We have studied, in the female rat, the influence of pregnancy, lactation and pseudo-pregnancy on adjuvant arthritis. Pregnancy has a suppressive effect on the arthritis all the more marked as arthritis onset occurs during the third part of pregnancy. Pseudo-pregnancy with or without decidualization of the uterus does not modify the arthritis course; thus the corpus luteum and the decidual tissue cannot account for the observed improvement. Lactation has a beneficial effect that lasts until weaning. Amount of estradiol which insured approximate serum level of pregnant rats improves the polyarthritis. In the same conditions, progesterone remains inactive. Suppression by estradiol is observed in ovariectomized and intact females. Thus, in the female rat, pregnancy, lactation and physiological doses of estradiol improve adjuvant arthritis. PMID- 6985125 TI - [Cerebellopontine angle tumors, excluding acoustic neurinomas]. PMID- 6985126 TI - The effect of DL-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on plasma prolactin in pituitary stalk sectioned rats. AB - 5-HTP (5 mg/100 g body weight), a precursor of serotonin, was administered intravenously to pituitary stalk sectioned rats. Plasma prolactin levels were initially increased 30 and 60 min after the injection of 5-HTP and thereafter decreased. Pituitary prolactin content was decreased 60 min after the stalk section as compared to those seen following sham operation. The treatment of 5 HTP induced a moderate increase in pituitary prolactin content in the stalk sectioned rats. In order to confirm the complete disconnection of pituitary stalk after the operation, 2.5 micrograms of dopamine hydrochloride was given into the lateral ventricle of stalk sectioned rats. Plasma prolactin did not change following the administration. Our results demonstrate that 5-HTP acts either directly at the pituitary level or via some mechanism yet to be determined. PMID- 6985129 TI - [Perioperative mortality in coronary artery bypass]. PMID- 6985128 TI - Dying old mice: occurrence of non-viable lymphocytes and autoagressive cells. PMID- 6985131 TI - Compact myelin formation in the human nerves during the intra-uterine development. PMID- 6985130 TI - [Unusual presentation of Sheehan's syndrome]. PMID- 6985132 TI - Structure of the sex vesicle in bull. PMID- 6985127 TI - Effect of naloxone on background adaptation in bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana). AB - Naloxone (an opiate antagonist) inhibited the black-background adaptation of bullfrog tadpoles Rana catesbeiana. The melanophore index (MI) of naloxone injected tadpoles was significantly lower than that of controls 1 hr after changing the background from white to black. Naloxone was not effective in lightening the skin color in the hypophysectomized tadpoles bearing a pituitary graft. Their skin color remained dark. Tadpoles injected with pimozide (a dopamine antagonist) or alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MTP, catecholamine synthesis inhibitor) simultaneously with naloxone showed significantly higher MI than that of the animals treated with naloxone alone. The present results seem to indicate that opioid peptides exert an influence on MSH release in background response of bullfrog tadpoles by modulating MSH release inhibiting activity of the hypothalamic dopamine neurons. PMID- 6985133 TI - Late changes in the seminal vesicles of the rat after prostatectomy or removal of bulbourethral glands histological and histoenzymatic studies. PMID- 6985134 TI - Cholinergic nerves in the ovary, the uterine tube and the uterus in pig. PMID- 6985135 TI - Studies on the coronary vascularization of atria of the heart. PMID- 6985136 TI - Internal carotid artery in pig's fetuses. PMID- 6985139 TI - Pelvic plexuses of bustard (Otis tarda l., 1758). PMID- 6985140 TI - A case of uterus unicornis in pig. PMID- 6985137 TI - Extraorbital branches of ophthalmic artery in human fetuses. PMID- 6985141 TI - Fetal cephalostat. PMID- 6985138 TI - Variations of the pudendal nerve in man. PMID- 6985142 TI - [Clinical studies on chaddock reflex]. AB - One hundred neurological cases were evaluated for the positive rates of 6 pathological reflexes by the same examiner (author). Chaddock and Babinski reflexes were highly sensitive, their positive occurrence being 97.1% and 80.3% of the cases respectively, compared with other pathological reflexes. In patients with paresthesia on the soles, cold feet or foot grasping, Chaddock reflex was superior to Babinski, but in some cases Chaddock became definitely positive despite negative Babinski without attributable reasons, suggestive of the former is more sensitive than the latter. The original stimulation site in Chaddock reflex is the skin area just beneath the external malleolus, and within sural nerve distribution. The elicitation of Chaddock reflex was attempted by stimulating the dorsum of the foot from medial to lateral border, with definite positive responses from the areas of sural nerve distribution. To evaluate the sensitivity and receptive field of Chaddock reflex more objectively, the electromyographic method was employed in 13 cases. The needle electrode was inserted into the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) to monitor the up-going toe, as well as flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) for the plantar flexion of the toe, and the surface electric stimulator was applied to 7 different points of the foot and leg, including original Chaddock and Babinski zones. The results of electrical stimulations to 7 different sites revealed that definitely better responses of EHL in sural nerve distribution, compared with other nerve supply. The threshold strength to evoke the action potentials in EHL proved that Chaddock's area was significantly more sensitive than Babinski's area. The relationship of latencies between EHL and FHB on electrical stimulations to the Chaddock's and Babinski's areas showed that earlier and better responses in EHL than in FHB in Chaddock, which could be another reason that Chaddock reflex was more sensitive than Babinski. From the clinical and electromyographic evaluations mentioned above, Chaddock reflex is not just a variant of Babinski reflex, more sensitive and accurate, and its receptive field is considered to be in sural nerve distribution. PMID- 6985143 TI - A new xenogenic monoclonal antibody detecting class I H-2 molecules. PMID- 6985144 TI - Rehabilitation following brain damage: some neurophysiological mechanisms. A therapeutic approach based on theories of motor control. AB - Rehabilitation programmes concerned with functional recovery of patients with central nervous system (CNS) lesions may be in need of developing processes more consistent with prevailing concepts of motor control and of behavioural requirements by the CNS for motor learning. Both central and peripheral factors can play important roles in providing for finely orchestrated and relatively accurate learned motor performance. The relative influence of each of these factors on motor recovery is determined, in part, by the actions observed, i.e. control of body ("mid-line") and/or limb ("peripheral") position, by the interaction between two principal features of the control system, fixation (stability) and motion, by the inherent plasticity of structures, and by the ability of cerebral mechanisms to code, store and recall information with minimal error and time delay. A functional theory for governing spatial and temporal components of motor performance is presented; this is based upon three attributes: (a) attainment of control of fixation and motion of midline (eye-head trunk) and peripheral structures in developmental order; (b) organization of serial fixation-motion steps in the guidance-manipulation functions of limbs, and (c) provision for coding spatial and temporal information related to both fixation and motion. PMID- 6985145 TI - Acute intra-abdominal bleeding as a manifestation of malignant hypertension. PMID- 6985149 TI - Positron emission tomography (PET). PMID- 6985146 TI - Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation and Ca2+ uptake in membrane fractions of the mesenteric artery. AB - Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of endogenous substrate proteins (mol. wt 30 800, 35 500, 38 600 and 53 200) is found in a membrane subcellular fraction from rabbit mesenteric arteries. Characteristics of 32P incorporation are suggestive of a phosphoester-type phosphorylation produced by a Ca2+-dependent protein kinase. Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation and Ca2+ uptake rate show comparable affinities for Ca2+ of 3.5 x 10(-7) M and 2.4 x 10(-7) M, respectively. The dependence of both phenomena on the MgATP concentration is also similar. Ca2+ dependent phosphorylation and Ca2+ uptake are inhibited by trifluoperazine with an IC50 of 3 x 10(-5) M and 5 x 10(-5) M, respectively. These results suggest that Ca2+ uptake might be modulated by a Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, which is possibly regulated by membrane-bound calmodulin. Endogenous Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation is stimulated up to 300% by the addition of boiled cytosol. This stimulation is due to phosphorylation of proteins of molecular weight 21 000 and 81 500 and is reversed by trifluoperazine. Since this stimulation cannot be mimicked by addition of calmodulin or phosphatidylserine, and since boiled cytosol does not stimulate Ca2+ uptake, it is proposed that an unknown cytosolic factor stimulates a second Ca2+ pump. Since cAMP-dependent protein kinase is shown to cause little phosphorylation and has no effect on Ca2+ uptake, it is concluded that a Ca2+-dependent rather than a cAMP-dependent protein kinase might modulate Ca2+ transport in vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 6985148 TI - Computer-based three-dimensional medical imaging. PMID- 6985150 TI - Cerebral blood flow determinations by positron emission tomography. AB - Multiple approaches are available to measure global and regional cerebral blood flow. The inert gas method of Kety-Schmidt provides the mathematical basis for essentially all of these methods with the exception of microspheres. The preferred method depends largely upon the type of information to be obtained. The preferred method depends largely upon the type of information to be obtained. The three essential problems in cerebral blood flow measurement are establishing reliable cerebral blood flow measurements in pathological processes, the relation of this flow to metabolism, and the clinical application of cerebral blood flow measurements in man for the investigation of a wide variety of significant disease processes including ischemia and intracranial hypertension. PMID- 6985151 TI - [Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in Poland and the results of the Polish Experiment with regard to the multifactorial prevention of ischemic heart disease conducted in Warsaw and Southern Poland]. PMID- 6985147 TI - Calcium and magnesium binding to thin and thick filaments in skinned muscle fibres: electron probe analysis. AB - Electron probe analysis of ultrathin cryosections with high spatial resolution was used to determine in situ the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ bound in the absence of ATP to myofilaments in the I and A-bands of skinned frog skeletal muscle. At 2.2 x 10(-11) M Ca2+ and 2.7 x 10(-9) M Mg2+, the inexchangeably bound Mg2+ in the I-band was equivalent to the amount of divalent cations known to be inexchangeably bound to F-actin, while the Ca2+ bound to the I-band was not significantly above zero. The bound Mg2+ in the I-band was not exchangeable with Ca2+ even when the skinned fibres were exposed to 10 mM Ca2+ solution. These results clearly indicate that Mg2+, rather than Ca2+, is the divalent cation bound to F-actin in the thin filaments in situ. In the presence of 1 mM Mg2+, the exchangeable Ca2+ bound to the I-band was increased as a function of the free Ca2+, while that in the A-band was not significantly changed with [Ca2+] up to 2 x 10(-5) M, and increased to approximately 0.8 mol Ca2+ per mol myosin at 10(-4) M Ca2+. At a saturating free Ca2+ in Tris-Cl solution, the bound Ca2+ content (2 3 mol Ca2+ per mol troponin) of the nonoverlapping I-band was unexpectedly low; the replacement of Tris with Na+ enhanced Ca2+ binding to the level equivalent to 3-4 mol Ca2+ per mol troponin. The depressant effect of Tris on Ca2+ binding was greater in the absence of Mg2+. High concentrations of Tris also reduced the maximum tension induced by 10(-4) M Ca2+ buffered with 10 mM EGTA. At 1.3 x 10( 7) M Ca2+, thought to be close to the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in resting muscle, the I-band bound a significant amount of Ca2+: equivalent to about 1 mol Ca2+ per mol troponin. In rabbit myofibrils there was a significant amount (approximately 1.5 mol/mol myosin) of Ca2+ bound by the A-band at a free Ca2+ of 10(-4) M. PMID- 6985152 TI - The dual recognition systems of T lymphocytes: a model. PMID- 6985153 TI - [Local immunomodulation in advanced Crohn disease with a cell-wall preparation of Propionibacterium granulosum KP-45]. AB - Four patients aged 30-34 years with Crohn's disease in and advanced stage, having lasted 2 or 3 years, were treated by several injections of 10mg lyophilized cell wall material of P. granulosum strain KP-45 locally into the lesion. In all 4 cases a preceding conventional therapy with Salazopyrine and Prednisone or surgery had been unsuccessful. This local immunomodulatory treatment led to decisive improvement of the disease in all 4 cases, in 3 cases inflammatory symptoms disappeared completely. For this reason a local immunomodulation with P. granulosum KP-45 is recommended as an additional therapeutic procedure in patients who are otherwise resistant to therapy. PMID- 6985155 TI - [Peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subpopulations in primary intracranial neoplasms (study before and after surgical removal of the tumors and correlation with local lymphocytic reaction)]. PMID- 6985154 TI - Induction of 19S IgM secretion in a murine pre-B cell line, 70Z/3, by cell hybridization with non-secreting myeloma cells. AB - Somatic cell hybrids were prepared between the TK-deficient variant of murine pre B cell line, 70Z/3, cells and the HGPRT-deficient variant of non-secreting myeloma cells. Several hybrid clones which secreted IgM but did not express surface IgM were isolated. LPS stimulation did not induce the expression of surface IgM. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the IgM secreted by one of the hybrid clones was a 19S pentamer and that the size of its mu-chains was the same as that of mu-chains from MOPC 104E myeloma IgM. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of biosynthetically labeled immunoglobulin showed that the same pattern was obtained with kappa-chains from two hybrid clones and from the LPS induced 70Z/3 cells. The result showed that cell hybridization could induce L chain synthesis in the pre-B cell line. Anti-idiotypic antibody against the secreted IgM was prepared and it was shown that the surface IgM expressed on all LPS-stimulated 70Z/3 cells bore the same idiotype. Those results indicated that the specificity commitment has already occurred in 70Z/3 cells. PMID- 6985156 TI - Indoleaminergic innervation of rat choroid plexus: a fluorescence histochemical study. AB - Using a fluorescence histochemical technique we found that the precursor of serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), is taken up by a population of nerve fiber-like structures, indoleaminergic in nature since selectively destroyed by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxytryptamine, within rat choroid plexus. Nerve fiber-like structures are localized within the wall of choroid blood vessels. More infrequently nerve fibers end in the stroma or in close relation to epithelial cells of the plexus. The electrolytic lesioning of raphe nuclei causes the disappearance of 5-HTP fluorescence, suggesting that these nerve fibers originate from raphe nuclei. These results suggest a direct influence of indoleaminergic pathways originating from the brainstem on the blood flow through choroid plexus as well as on the production of cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6985157 TI - Transitory effects of osmotic pressure gradients on acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction and on catecholamine secretion at the adrenal gland of the frog. AB - When the extracellular solution is abruptly changed from hypertonic to isotonic, the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials at the frog neuromuscular junction, and the secretion of catecholamines from the isolated bullfrog adrenal, are both enhanced transitorily. These findings are consistent with the observations in the liposome-bilayer experiments by Cohen et al. [1, 2]. The mechanisms observed in their experiments may be relevant to the exocytotic release of neurotransmitters and hormones. PMID- 6985159 TI - Current status of surgical treatment: (a) accepted, (b) controversial. PMID- 6985158 TI - Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and free alpha subunit secreted by cultured human choriocarcinoma (JEG-3) cells. AB - The cultured human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells secrete biologically active HCG and free HCG alpha-subunit. When compared with the alpha-subunit dissociated from HCG obtained either from pregnancy urine or JEG-3 cells, free alpha-subunit has a larger molecular weight, is more acidic and is non-functional, lacking the property to recombine with the HCG beta-subunit. The understanding of the biochemical differences observed between free alpha-subunit and alpha-subunit found in HCG is important and should help to unravel the biosynthesis of gonadotrophins. Two proteins which bind to the cell membrane, epidermal growth factor and concanavalin A, are capable of stimulating JEG-3 cell secretion. Epidermal growth factor stimulates the secretion of HCG while concanavalin A stimulates both HCG and HCG alpha-subunit secretion. Amphotericin B, an antifungal agent commonly used in tissue cultures, which also affects the cell membrane, was shown to stimulate HCG and HCG alpha-subunit secretions. The use of these agents should contribute to the understanding of membrane-related events which lead to the secretion of HCG and alpha-subunit. PMID- 6985160 TI - Topological aspects of ion transport in complex epithelia (frog skin). AB - A weak point of the current concept of the kinetics of ion flow in complex epithelial tissue membranes, such as frog skin, is the supposition that these tissue membranes and their exterior environments can be looked upon as a "three compartment system." In the present study a new and more realistic conceptual framework, a "multicompartment system," is applied to a computer assisted kinetic analysis of experimental data. These deal with Na+ flows in "tight" and "leaky" frog skins, prior to and after the treatment with the Na+-blocking drug amiloride. It is shown by numerical examples that unpredictable Na+ flux patterns in frog skin arise from two diverse contributing factors: 1) The constitutive physical relationships which govern the local events at the level of the plasma membranes, and 2) the much neglected topology, i.e., the "connectedness" of the heterogeneous compartments. PMID- 6985161 TI - Kinetic-immunonephelometric determination of serum proteins in chronic liver diseases. PMID- 6985162 TI - [Surgical treatment of lesions of the common trunk of the left coronary artery]. PMID- 6985163 TI - [Gastroduodenal lesions in rheumatoid arthritis, mesenchymopathies and other rheumatisms. Endoscopic study]. PMID- 6985164 TI - [Importance of scintigraphy with gallium (67Ga) in pneumology]. PMID- 6985165 TI - [Possibilities of the use of computer tomography in gynecology]. PMID- 6985166 TI - [Current surgery of otosclerosis and its results]. PMID- 6985167 TI - [Study of changes in hemostasis in patients with chronic renal insufficiency treated with peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6985168 TI - [Changes in platelet aggregation in patients on a chronic intermittent dialysis program]. PMID- 6985170 TI - [Use of peritoneal dialysis in experimental organophosphate poisoning]. PMID- 6985169 TI - [Problems of metastases of carcinomas in the cervical lymph nodes with an unknown localization of the primary tumor]. PMID- 6985171 TI - [Changes in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity after whole body irradiation in rats]. PMID- 6985172 TI - [The importance of superoxide dismutase in the development of the postirradiation syndrome. VIII. Effect of cystamine on superoxide dismutase activity in tissues of irradiated and non-irradiated rats]. PMID- 6985173 TI - [The importance of superoxide dismutase in the development of the postirradiation syndrome. IX. Effect of mexamine on superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes of irradiated and non-irradiated rats]. PMID- 6985174 TI - [The importance of superoxide dismutase in the development of the postirradiation syndrome. X. Superoxide dismutase activity in tissues of irradiated rats protected with cystamine 1 hour after exposure]. PMID- 6985175 TI - Trial of long-term leukapheresis in the treatment of adult T-cell leukemia. AB - It is well known that adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is usually refractory to chemotherapy, acute or subacute in clinical course and is accompanied by lethal infections, suggesting a deficiency in cellular immunity. Chemotherapy makes the deficiency in cellular immunity worse, and this is followed by lethal infections. Therefore, a patient with ATL underwent leukapheresis on an IBM 2997 cell separator. A total of 22.3 x 10(11) leukemic T cells was removed. Removal of a large number of leukemic T cells was not associated with improvements in clinical symptoms except for skin eruption, but was not complicated by lethal infections. The peripheral leukocyte count after the 14th procedure began to increase over the prepheresis levels. In the course of frequent leukapheresis, leukemic meningitis occurred. Intrathecal injections of a small dose of antileukemic agents resulted in a rapid reduction of the leukemic T cell count and improvements in clinical symptoms. However, the patient died from cryptococcal sepsis. The survival time was 10 months from clinical onset, 9 months from diagnosis, 9 months from leukapheresis and 5 months from chemotherapy. From this experience, it appears that long-term repeated leukapheresis can decrease lethal infections and extend the survival time. PMID- 6985176 TI - Comparative effects of some hydroxylated vitamin D metabolites on parathyrin secretion by dispersed rat parathyroid cells in vitro. AB - We have previously discussed the action of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3, (24R) 24,25-(OH)2 D3 and (25S) 25,26-(OH)2D3 on parathyrin secretion by isolated rat parathyroid cells. In this work, we have compared these effects with those obtained with 1 alpha-OH D3, 25-OH D3 and 1 alpha-OH D2. In decreasing order, the activities were: 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 greater than 1 alpha-OH D3 greater than (24R) 24,25 (OH)2D3 greater than 25-OH D3 greater than (25S) 25,26(OH)2D3 greater than 1 alpha-OH D2. The presence of two hydroxyl groups with one hydroxyl group in alpha position seems to have the higher activity to inhibit the parathyroid secretion. At least, the nature of the side chain conformation also plays a part upon the effect of PTH release. PMID- 6985177 TI - Apparent failure of thymic epithelium transplants to alter the course of autoimmune disease in NZB/W mice. AB - Thymic epithelium from neonatal DBA/2 mice (H-2d) was placed under the kidney capsule of 10- to 12-wk-old female NZB/W mice (H-2d/z). Donor epithelium, equivalent to 1-2 lobes of neonatal thymus, was either irradiated (1300 rad.) or cultured for 7 days in order to minimise host-versus-graft reactions. Histological examination showed that the epithelium repopulated and remained in place until the end of the experiment, with no sign of rejection. Despite this, the treated animals lived no longer than the untreated or sham operated controls. Levels of anti-nuclear antibody and serum IgM (normally highly elevated in these animals) were not significantly different in any group. PMID- 6985178 TI - Isopycnic centrifugation as method for the separation of rat thymocyte subpopulations. AB - Rat thymocytes were separated into five density layers by isopycnic centrifugation on a discontinuous-density Ficoll gradient and each fraction was tested for metabolic functions at different times during a 96-h culture period in various conditions. Immediately after separation the rate of oxygen consumption per unit of cellular volume is virtually the same in all fractions. However, the capacity to synthesize nucleic acids, proteins, purine and pyrimidine nucleotides by the de novo pathway and the activity of the salvage pathway of purine nucleotides is much greater in the low density fractions (fractions 1 and 2). In in vitro cell culture conditions (1) in the absence of mitogens this metabolic activity (which demonstrates a high spontaneous mitotic capacity of cells in the low-density fractions) decays rapidly to a level which is practically negligible after 24 h of culture; (2) in the presence of mitogens alone: PHA, Con A, PWM or PNA, with or without prior neuraminidase treatment, after 24 h an induction of the synthesis of nucleic acids and protein is observed concomitant to the apparition of blast cells. This blastogenesis peaks at 72 h and occurs in fractions 1 and 2 only; (3) in the presence of Con A and 2-mercaptoethanol the blast transformation corresponding to the response of the thymocytes to TCGF is observed in all of the thymocyte fractions and extends beyond 72 h of culture. It remains much more intense in the low-density fractions 1 and 2. PMID- 6985179 TI - [Quantitative action of B lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulin in children with bronchial asthma following a single therapeutic substitution of immunoglobulin A concentrate]. PMID- 6985180 TI - [Cytogenetic findings in Hodgkin's disease, lymphogranulomatosis X and T-zone lymphoma]. PMID- 6985182 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6985181 TI - Tuberculous manifestations in children. AB - An analysis of 110 cases of primary tuberculosis in Zambian children revealed that 47% of them had protein energy malnutrition. Of all pulmonary manifestations, simple primary tuberculosis was predominant followed by segmental lesions. A high incidence of extra pulmonary involvement mainly tuberculous lymphadenitis was observed. Previous BCG inoculation was not protective in 37 (33.6%) children. PMID- 6985183 TI - [Pubertal development in school children in Merida]. PMID- 6985184 TI - [Genetic forms of von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6985185 TI - Use of Ac-L-Tyr-PAB for estimating the activity of chymotrypsin in rats. AB - Pancreatic secretion in rats was assessed by measuring the amounts of p aminobenzoic acid (PABH) excreted in urine after oral administration of Ac-L-Tyr PAB, and by determination of enzyme activity in pancreas and faeces. 3 groups of 7 rats were kept on diets with casein as the main source of nitrogen without (control K0) or with two levels of trypsin inhibitor (K1 and K2). Two other groups were fed diets with 40 and 80% of casein substituted by raw soya bean protein and having trypsin inhibitor contents equivalent to those in diets K1 and K2. Urinary excretion of PABH ranged from 99 to 105% of intake and were not different between control and experimental rats. The weight of pancreas and pancreatic activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin in all experimental rats were higher than in controls. The activity of chymotrypsin in the faeces of rats of groups K1 and K2 was greater than in K0 while in groups S1 and S2 it was about five times that in groups K1 and K2. Generally, it was greater on diets with more trypsin inhibitor. The activity of trypsin in the faeces of rats K0, K1 and S1 was several times less than in K2 and S2. It has been concluded that measurement of trypsin and chymotrypsin in faeces allows to estimate differences in the secretion of pancreatic enzymes. PMID- 6985186 TI - Effect granulocytic factors on in vitro and in vivo activity of cytotoxic cells of guinea pigs. AB - The effect of factors obtained from ascites granulocytes of guinea pigs was studied on the cytotoxic activity of spleen cells of guinea pigs. In the investigations carried out as yet it has been demonstrated that the lysosomes of neutrophils contain factors stimulating blastic transformation of lymphocytes. Exogenous mitogens such as PHA, Con A, stimulate the cytotoxic activity and in view of this the cytotoxic effect was investigated using radioactive 51Cr for labelling target cells (cock erythrocytes). It was found that the studied factors inhibited the spontaneous cytotoxic activity of guinea pig spleen cells (natural killer (NK) cell activity) but had no effect on the cytotoxic activity of PHA stimulated spleen cells. In in vivo experiments it has been demonstrated that they had an inhibitory effect on the development and the degree of expression of specifically sensitized cytotoxic cells. The mechanism of this effect has not yet been elucidated completely. PMID- 6985187 TI - [Chemotherapy of malignant lymphoma]. AB - Forty years ago, nitrogen mustard was first used in the treatment of a group of six patients with neoplastic diseases, including lymphosarcoma and Hodgkin's disease at Yale University. Since then different kinds of chemotherapeutic agents have been discovered, which clinical efficacy was reviewed as a single agent and in combination. Especially over the past two decades, the management of malignant lymphoma has improved significantly with combination chemotherapy. Now there are several potentially curative regimens, such as MOPP therapy for Hodgkin's disease, and MOPP (or C-MOPP), CHOP (or HOP), BACOP and COMLA for diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. There are recent trends to include methotrexate in combination and to use two non-cross-resistant regimens alternatively (CVP/ABP, MOPP/ABVD) for improving complete remission rate and remission duration. Treatment for favorable histologies, and clinical features and treatment of adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma were also briefly reviewed. PMID- 6985188 TI - [Clinical trial of K-247]. AB - The clinical trial of K-247, an anticancer drug showing antitumor effect by new mechanism of action, was performed in a total of 22 patients with a variety of advanced cancers, consisting of 10 cases administered singly and 12 cases combined with other anticancer agents. All patients were treated three or four times every day with oral administration of K-247 (600-800 mg/day). Including one patient receiving a high dosage (over 200 g totally) of K-247, in all cases, no appreciable side effect causing suspension of the administration was recognized. In combination therapies with other anticancer drugs there was rather found a tendency to rescue WBC from decrease. As a clinical result, although all cases tested were insusceptible to prior chemotherapy with various anticancer drugs, one case, which has received palliative operation for rectal cancer accompanied with pelvic infiltration, was experienced after administration of K-247 only, in which the destructive lesion of left sacral on X-ray photograph was restored to almost normal condition and the patient's complaints such as severe pain in the lower legs and difficulty in walking were completely disappeared. PMID- 6985190 TI - [Effectiveness of CT in the determination of the extent of infiltration of head and neck cancer]. AB - For cancer therapy, especially radiation therapy, it is very important to determinate the invaded region. Since computed tomography (CT) is introduced into medical radiography, it has become well known that it has a highly diagnostic value not only for the intracranial lesions, but also for extracranial pathological processes. In this paper, 4 cases (pinealoma, rhabdomyosarcoma of the ear, nasopharynx tumor and Histiocytosis X of the orbit) are presented. In each case, pre-therapeutic and posttherapeutic CT images are shown. CT is also very useful during and after therapy in patients with malignancy of the head and neck. PMID- 6985189 TI - [Antibodies against human lymphocytes]. AB - The introduction of hybridoma technology has greatly contributed to the identification and the characterization of a variety of cell surface antigens present on human lymphoid cells. Rapid progress has recently been made in generating monoclonal antibodies against human lymphoid cells and extensive studies in clinical medicine have defined the potential application of these monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we summarize the main similarities and differences among these monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6985191 TI - [Antitumor effects of p-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside Na--effects of single administration and combination with radiotherapy]. AB - Therapeutic effect of p-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside Na (K-247) were studied. Eleven patients with a variety of solid tumors were treated with K-247 alone. K 247 was given orally 800mg daily for 4 weeks. As for side effect of the drug, only mild gastritis was observed in a few patients. Partial response (over 25% reduction of tumor size) with a median duration of two months was observed in 3 patients. These cases were metastatic tumor of lung from the carcinoma of thyroid, metastatic tumors of lung from the carcinoma of kidney, and mediastinal tumor. In eight patients the response was classified as no change and in one patient there was progressive disease. Thus K-247 has some therapeutic activity in patients with solid tumor. Combination therapy of irradiation and administration of K-247 were also studied. In twelve patients received the combination therapy, partial response was observed in 7 patients with complete response in 3 patients. In some patients it seems that the effect of irradiation was enhanced by K-247 administration. To confirm this observation, randomized controlled trial is required. PMID- 6985192 TI - [Immunologic studies on the patients with gastrointestinal cancer--with particular reference to correlation between T lymphocyte and macrophage]. AB - Correlation of monocyte with T lymphocyte or IgG-FcR+ T lymphocyte was studied in 57 gastrointestinal cancer patients and 24 healthy volunteers as control. In 24 volunteers, no correlation was found between them. Forty gastrointestinal cancer patients with curative tumor showed pre-and postoperatively a close correlation between monocyte and T lymphocyte, but there was little correlation, both pre-and postoperatively, between monocyte and IgG-FcR+ T lymphocyte. Seventeen patients with recurrent and/or inoperable gastrointestinal cancer, had a reverse correlation of monocyte with IgG-Fc R+T lymphocyte. It was suggested from these data that mononuclear phagocyte system (monocyte), which fulfils its function as an antigen presentation, has an intimate relationship, both directly and indirectly, to T lymphocyte. PMID- 6985193 TI - [Adjuvant immunotherapy for carcinoma of uterine cervix with PSK]. AB - The subjects in this study were 123 cases of patients with carcinoma of uterine cervix who underwent surgery and postoperative irradiation or only irradiation combining with PSK as adjuvant immunotherapy. The changes in the immunological status of the patients were studied using various types of immunological parameters, and the two-year survival rate was also followed up. DNCB and PHA skin reaction showed no particular differences between the control and the PSK combination group, but the blast-formation of lymphocyte by PHA tended to show a rapid recovery from the reduction of the postirradiation in the PSK combination group. From the observations of changes in the peripheral T gamma and T cells, the combination use of PSK tended to cause a decrease in T gamma and an increase in T mu cells, but the both cell numbers were fallen in the normal range. The two year survival rate of stage III patients was somewhat higher in the PSK combination group than in the control group; however, the difference between both groups was not statistically significant. PMID- 6985195 TI - [Immunological study of the actions of auxiliary antitumor agents--effects on lymphocyte transformation reaction and natural cytotoxicity activity in nude mice]. AB - P-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside (K-247) and dimethyl-2- (tetrahydro-2-furanyl) ethylsulfonium-p-toluene sulfonate (GT-101) were tested their in vivo effects on both mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative reactions and natural cell-mediated cytotoxicities in BALB/c nude mice (homozygous and heterozygous) spleen lymphocytes. The animals were injected i.p. either 400 mg/kg of K-247 or 5 mg/kg of GT-101 (for 7 days consecutively). GT-101 caused a positive increase in lymphoproliferations by PHA and SPA, while the administration of K-247 had no effect on PHA-and SPA-induced lymphoproliferations. Furthermore, in a 12-hour 51Cr release assay, both drugs had no effect on the natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells. PMID- 6985196 TI - [Effects of levamisole on methylcholanthrene-induced tumor. II. Potentiation of cytotoxic T-cell activities]. AB - 1) Levamisole(LMS) augmented the ability to inhibit specifically the growth of secondary Meth 1 tumors in Meth 1-bearing BALB/c mice. 2) When spleen cells of Meth 1-bearing mice were restimulated in vitro with MMC-treated Meth 1 cells, cytotoxicity became detected by 51 Cr release assay. Such cytotoxicity was augmented by in vivo treatment with LMS. The cytotoxicity was tumor-specific and completely abrogated by incubation with anti-thy 1.2 antibody and complement before the assay. 3) Cytostatic activity of peritoneal macrophages induced by i. p. inoculation with MMC-treated Meth 1 cells was augmented by LMS treatment of Meth 1-bearing mice but such an activity was not Meth 1-specific. 4) LMS did not augment the natural killer cell activity of the spleen cells of BALB/c mice or BALB/c nude mice. These results suggested that the growth-inhibitory effect of LMS against secondary tumors was mediated by cytotoxic T-cells. PMID- 6985194 TI - [High dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue in the treatment of malignant lymphoma]. AB - Nineteen patients with malignant lymphomas were treated with 52 courses of high dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue (HDMTX-LCV): 17 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (11 nodal primary, and 6 Waldeyer's ring), 1 Hodgkin's disease, and 1 Burkitt's lymphoma; 10 No prior chemotherapy, 9 prior chemotherapy; Median age 50 years (18 67); Sex M 13:F 6. MTX was given according to Frei III et al's regimen(1975). In brief, alkalinization of the urine was achieved by administration of NaHCO3 both by oral and by intravenous route. Hydration with at least 3 liters of fluid per day was maintained throughout each course. MTX was administered as a six-hour infusion at an initial dose of 0.5-1.0 g/m2 with gradual escalation to 3-5 g/m2. Thirty minutes before the infusion of MTX, 1.4 mg/m2 of vincristine (VCR) (maximum dose 2 mg) was given intravenously in each course. MTX levels were not monitored. The overall response rate was 63% with 7 partial responses and 5 complete responses. Five of 10 previously untreated patients and 7 of 9 patients with prior chemotherapy achieved an objective response. Our excellent result may be contributed in part by VCR. Although, in general, during this study HDMTX-LCV was well-tolerated, a 67 year-old male had severe and unpredictable toxicity which resulted in shock condition, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Accordingly, we feel that HDMTX-LCV is dangerous without monitoring plasma MTX level. In other side effects, peripheral neuropathy and constipation possibly due to VCR occurred especially in elderly patients. PMID- 6985197 TI - [Adult T cell leukemia virus (ATLV)--a serological study]. AB - A nation-wide sero-epidemiologic survey of adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) detected as anti-ATLA (ATLV-associated antigen) was made in Japan. Sera from adult donors in 15 different locations were screened for anti-ATLA. High incidences (6 to 37%) of antibody-positive donors were found in seven regions, one in northern Japan, and the others in southwestern regions. These areas are ATLV-endemic areas corresponding to ATL-endemic areas. Examination of sera from healthy donors aged 6 to 80 years in ATL-endemic areas showed an age-dependent increase of seropositive donors with a maximum of about 30% at 40 years of age. Anti-ATLA was found in all but two of 142 patients with ATL. Anti-ATLA-positive patients with ATL were mainly found in ATLV-endemic areas, and only a few in ATL nonendemic areas. Six patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in ATLV-nonendemic areas gave a negative reaction for anti-ATLA. The geometric mean titer of anti ATLA of patients with ATL was higher than that of healthy donors. PMID- 6985198 TI - [Experimental study on levamisole modulation of antitumor immunity--1]. AB - Experimental studies on modulation of antitumor immunity by administration of levamisole (LMS) were performed using a metastasizing rat's mammary tumor (MRMT 1) which was routinely inoculated subcutaneously at one back side of the Slc-SD rat. Experiment 1: The optimal ip dose of LMS for getting antitumor effects was found to be 2.5 mg/kg/day, administered every other day for 7 times. Administration at doses between 0.5 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg tended to cause tumor suppression and the doses over 10 mg/kg tended to cause tumor progression. Experiment 2: Optimal timing of starting LMS administration was found to be on day 2 of tumor inoculation. Starting LMS on day 14 of inoculation caused a tendency of transient tumor progression. Experiment 3: A slight tumor suppression was observed when splenectomy was done on day 14 of inoculation. However, when LMS was, given simultaneously, the tumor suppressive effect of splenectomy was cancelled. Experiment 4: According to immunological parameters with whole lymphocyte of peripheral blood, spleen cells and thymus cells, the mechanism of modulation of antitumor immunity by LMS administration was suggested to be an increase in immunocompetency of peripheral lymphocytes and augmentation of specific cytotoxicity. Immunocompetency of NK cells was found to be reduced. LMS was found to have some effects also on spleen and thymus cell functions. PMID- 6985199 TI - [Clinical evaluation of anticancer therapy combined with p-aminobenzoic acid-N xyloside]. AB - Paraaminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside (K-247) is a new antitumor drug, which has no direct effect on immunologic status. Clinical trial of K-247 was performed in 8 patients with for advanced or recurred gastrointestinal cancer, who had short life expectancy. Oral administration of K-247, 600 to 900 mg/day, was carried out in combination with antitumor treatments using MMC, FT-207, 5-FU, PSK or irradiation. No toxic symptoms were observed in all patients. Of the 8 patients studied, one showed an encouraging response, while the remaining 7 patients were too far advanced to respond to these treatments. PMID- 6985200 TI - In situ demonstration of T cells in alopecia areata. PMID- 6985201 TI - Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with a new aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359). AB - A 77-year-old woman developed a diffuse nodular eruption with histologic, ultrastructural, and biologic evidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) limited to the skin. She was treated with a new aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359 (1 mg/kg/day). After 34 days, the lesions flattened completely and the mononuclear cell infiltrate decreased significantly. No clinical recurrences occurred after a 4-month survey. Discontinuation of the aromatic retinoid led to a relapse with identical clinical and histologic features. PMID- 6985202 TI - Antiatherogenic activity of cetaben sodium, sodium p-(hexadecylamino) benzoate, in the aortae of hypercholesteremic rabbits subjected to aortic endothelial cell desquamation. AB - The effects of sodium p-(hexadecylamino)benzoate [cetaben sodium] on plasma sterol concentrations, aortic sterol deposition and the incidence of atherosclerotic lesions in cholesterol-fed rabbits subjected to aortic deendothelialization with a balloon catheter have been studied. At a dose of 113 mg/kg/day, cetaben sodium decreased plasma cholesterol and the accumulation of aortic sterol and appeared to decrease the incidence of gross atherosclerotic lesions. At a dose of 27 mg/kg/day, no hypocholesteremic activity was observed, but cetaben sodium decreased both aortic sterol deposition and lesion development in the abdominal segment of the aorta. The decreases in total aortic sterol content observed in the drug-treated rabbits were shown to have resulted from a reduction in esterified rather than free sterol. When tested in vitro, cetaben sodium effectively inhibited (KI = 7.4 x 10(-5) M) the esterification of cholesterol catalyzed by a crude preparation of fatty acyl CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase isolated from cholesterol-fed rabbit aortae. These observations suggest that cetaben sodium possesses antiatherosclerotic activity and that this activity may result from direct actions on the aortic wall, in addition to vascular effects secondary to hypocholesteremic activity. PMID- 6985204 TI - The enhancement of interleukin 2 like production after in vivo stimulation of rat lymphoid cells by an acute non specific inflammatory process. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) production was studied in lymphoid cells from rats undergoing an acute non specific inflammatory reaction induced by intrapleural injection of calcium pyrophosphate. Spleen and lymph node cells derived from inflamed animals had an increased level of IL 2 like production compared to cells from normal animals. Thymocytes also showed enhanced IL 2 like production although the absolute levels were lower than spleen or lymph node cells. It has been suggested that the acute non specific inflammatory reaction is able to modify lymphocyte reactivity via IL 2 and interleukin 1 (IL 1). The nature of the humoral factors released by the inflammatory process which are capable of initiating these events is also discussed. PMID- 6985203 TI - The use of matrices in analyzing the three-dimensional behavior of the vestibulo ocular reflex. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex rotates the eye about the axis of a head rotation at the same speed but in the opposite direction to make the visual axes in space independent of head motion. This reflex works in all three degrees of freedom: roll, pitch, and yaw. The rotations may be described by vectors and the reflex by a transformation in the form of a matrix. The reflex consists of three parts: sensory, central, and motor. The transduction of head rotation into three neural signals, which may also be described by a vector, is described by a canal matrix. The neural, motor-command vector is transformed to an eye rotation by a muscle matrix. Since these two matrices are known, one can solve for the central matrix which gives the strength of the connections between all the vestibular neurons and all the eye-muscle motoneurons. The role of the metric tensor in these transformations is described. This method of analysis is used in three applications. A lesion may be simulated by altering the elements in any or all of the three component matrices. By matrix multiplication, the resulting abnormal behavior of the reflex can be described quantitatively in all degrees of freedom. The method is also used to directly compare the differences in brain-stem connections between humans and rabbits that accommodate the altered actions of the muscles of the two species. Finally the method allows a quantitative assessment of the changes that take place in the brain-stem connections when plastic changes are induced by artificially dissociating head movements from apparent motion of the visual environment. PMID- 6985205 TI - [The importance of exploring the adaptation curve in the diagnosis of chronic simple glaucoma]. PMID- 6985206 TI - Colour vision in childhood. PMID- 6985208 TI - Rheumatic disease and the psyche. PMID- 6985207 TI - Effects of hypertensive disorders on the outcome of pregnancy: early findings of maternity care monitoring (MCM) in Debrecen, Hungary. AB - Debrecen is one of the original testing sites of MCM. This report focuses on all single births having occurred from January, 1978 to June, 1980 (N = 8818). Pregnancy outcome associated with maternal Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy (HDP) shall be set against pregnancy outcome among women with No Primary Antenatal Conditions (Control), the respective sample sizes being N = 540 (HDP) and N = 5, 472 women. The findings are given in four sections: (1) Occurrence of HDP; (2) Characteristics other than presence/absence of HDP; (3) Reproductive experience prior to current delivery; and (4) Maternal and infant outcome for the current delivery. A specific look is also given at smoking during current pregnancy. Special attention is called for the primordial importance of prenatal visits, preventive care and proper obstetrical management. The role of the MCM early warning system is emphasized and broader use of the system and rationale is suggested for objective international and intranational comparisons to improve pregnancy outcome for both the mother and infant. PMID- 6985209 TI - [Pimafucin in the treatment of various oral mucosa diseases complicated by candidiasis]. PMID- 6985210 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage during treatment of spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 6985211 TI - [Hemodynamic value of the LES tone in the pathogenesis of bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 6985212 TI - [Anti-HLA immunization in the Senegalese pregnant woman. II. Anti-HLA-A and anti HLA-B specificity and rate of positivity of detected antibodies]. PMID- 6985213 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis and non-specific vaginitis. Introductory remarks. PMID- 6985214 TI - Comparison of microscopic and cultural findings in the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis infection. AB - The diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis infection on the basis of microscopic and cultural findings was compared. A total of 340 specimens of vaginal secretion were Gram stained and plated on a medium selective for Gardnerella vaginalis. Positive culture was obtained in 165 cases. Microscopy was unequivocally positive in 95, doubtful in 58 and negative in 187. Positive microscopy was confirmed by culture in 99%. On the other hand, 21% of the negative microscopy results gave a false negative diagnosis. Specimens for which microscopy was doubtful were culture positive in 53% of the cases, including 12% with heavy growth. Thus, positive microscopy proved to be sufficient for a reliable diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis infection. However, in specimens with negative or doubtful microscopic findings, additional culture is recommended. PMID- 6985217 TI - A study of 'T' lymphocytes in iron deficiency anemia (a preliminary communication). PMID- 6985216 TI - [Cephalometric study of 253 cases of neutrocclusion and the dynamics of suborbital face height and mid-face height]. PMID- 6985215 TI - The vaginal microbial flora in non-specific vaginitis. AB - The facultative and strictly anaerobic vaginal microbial flora was investigated in 40 women with non-specific vaginitis and in 40 control women seen in private gynaecological practice. Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, anaerobic gram-negative and gram-positive cocci were all associated with non specific vaginitis (p less than 0.001), whereas lactobacilli occurred less frequently in non-specific vaginitis than in controls (p less than 0.01). The most common anaerobes were Veillonella parvula, Bacteroides bivius, Bacteroides assaccharolyticus, Bacteroides capillosus and Peptococcus asaccharolyticus. Anaerobic gram-negative curved rods were found in 11% of cases of non-specific vaginitis. A characteristic pattern of short chain organic acids was found on gas liquid chromatographic analysis of vaginal secretions in non-specific vaginitis. A succinate/lactate peak ratio of 0.3 or more was found in 75% of women with non specific vaginitis (p less than 0.001). Clue cells, a positive amine test, a pH higher than 5.0, and the absence of lactobacilli on a Gram stained vaginal smear strongly correlated with non-specific vaginitis (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6985218 TI - Hereditary alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in cases of chronic obstructive disease. PMID- 6985220 TI - [Study on the skin reaction of PHA, with special reference to its clinical evaluation]. PMID- 6985221 TI - [Control mechanism of cell dissociation in the outgrown epidermal cells in Hailey Hailey's disease and Darier's disease]. PMID- 6985222 TI - [Electron microscopic study of trichilemmal cyst and malignant proliferating trichilemmal cyst]. PMID- 6985219 TI - The effect of levamisole on peripheral T-lymphocytes of patients with malignant lymphomas. AB - The effect of various concentrations (0.015 - 10 micrograms/ml) of Levamisole (LMS) on the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with malignant lymphomas (ML) and normal donors was investigated in vitro. The parameters studied include: E rosettes forming cells (total T lymphocytes), active E rosettes (early T lymphocytes) and DNA synthesis induced by pitogens PHA and Con A. LMS improved significantly lymphocyte response both in patients with ML and normal donors when the cells were stimulated by Con A. In both groups no significant effect was observed on the response to PHA nor on the percentage of E-rosettes, whereas the mean number of active E rosettes was significantly increased on all concentrations of the drug. While in the normal subjects a positive statistical correlation between active E-rosettes and Con A response was observed, in patients with ML an inverse correlation was found. This latter correlation was partially reversed by LMS. These results indicate that LMS, both in normals and in patients with ML, interacts with a specific cell subset (early rosetting lymphocytes), with different functions in normal and pathological situations. The drug shows an effect on the immunological handicap of lymphocytes of patients with ML. PMID- 6985223 TI - [Clinical and pathological investigations on eleven cases of trichilemmal horn]. PMID- 6985224 TI - [Study on immune complex in the skin with lupus erythematosus--participation of denatured IgG-IgG rheumatoid factor]. PMID- 6985226 TI - Genetics of ocular inflammatory diseases. PMID- 6985229 TI - [Initial experience in the use of electrostimulation in the treatment of urinary stress incontinence]. PMID- 6985225 TI - [Attachment of eosinophils at the basement membrane zone mediated by complement fixing antibasement membrane zone antibody]. PMID- 6985227 TI - A retrospective study of endophthalmitis. AB - The results of a survey of 50 cases of endophthalmitis following surgery, trauma, corneal ulcers, or of endogenous origin are described. Most of the post-surgical cases followed intracapsular cataract surgery and in 48.1% of the eyes, the predominant organisms were gram positive bacteria. In cases where the infected eyes were treated with topical, intravenous and subconjunctival injections of antibiotics, 57.2% of the eyes were lost; however, in 6 cases, where vitrectomy and intravitreal injection of antibiotics was performed, only 1 of the 6 eyes was lost (16.6%). In this eye, however, the vitreous removal and antibiotic injection was done in advanced stage of the disease. In one case where the vitrectomy and antibiotic therapy was performed early, the patient attained good vision. PMID- 6985230 TI - New research study set to remedy learners' problems on the wards. PMID- 6985228 TI - Congenital herpes simplex virus, type 2, bilateral endophthalmitis. AB - A set of dizygotic twins, both born prematurely, developed herpes simplex encephalitis shortly after birth. The second twin had unilateral keratoconjunctivitis and bilateral endophthalmitis and subsequently died from disseminated herpes infection. Herpes simplex, type 2, was isolated from conjunctiva of both eyes, cerebrospinal fluid, nasopharynx and trachea. Histologic examination of the eyes revealed bilateral endophthalmitis with a necrotizing retinitis. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were demonstrated by light microscopy in the retina, choroid and iris, and virus particles were demonstrated by electron microscopy in the retina. The other twin recovered from a much milder disseminated herpes simplex infection without apparent ocular involvement. During pregnancy, the mother had vaginitis which was suspected, but not documented, as being herpetic in origin. The father was diagnosed as having a penile infection caused by herpes simplex. Repeated attempts to locate the family of the surviving baby girl in order to obtain follow-up information have failed. PMID- 6985231 TI - Compton radiography. VII. Compton tomographic fluoroscopy and its probable application to radiotherapy planning. PMID- 6985232 TI - A study on experimental pleurisy. II. Roles of mononuclear cells in experimental pleurisy. PMID- 6985233 TI - Outcrossings in Caucasians and fetal loss. PMID- 6985234 TI - [Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations in persons with herpes zoster of the visual organs]. PMID- 6985235 TI - Drug treatment of herpes zoster. PMID- 6985236 TI - Inherited recurrent corneal erosion. AB - The causes of inherited recurrent corneal erosion may be classified into two major groups: (1) Those associated with primary epithelial dystrophies, including the Franceschetti type, a newly described epithelial rosette dystrophy, basement membrane disorder, and Meesmann's dystrophy, (2) Those associated with the anterior limiting membrane, stromal, and endothelial dystrophies. There is also a third group, including epidermolysis bullosa, in which recurrent erosion attacks are part of a wider systemic disorder. Attention is drawn to the age at onset, presentation, morphological features, and progression of each disorder. PMID- 6985238 TI - Hereditary luxation of the canine lens. Animal health trust small animals centre, newmarket. AB - Primary lens luxation is the most common form of lens displacement encountered in the dog in the United Kingdom. The condition arises in early to late middle age, is essentially bilateral and occurs typically in the terrier breeds. Subluxation is rarely observed before 3 years of age but luxation of the lens is ultimately almost invariable. In Tibetan Terriers bred for the condition zonular changes were evident at least as early as 14 months of age. The condition could serve as a model for late spontaneous dislocations of the lens in man. PMID- 6985237 TI - Phacoallergy. PMID- 6985239 TI - [Emergency endoscopy in upper digestive tract hemorrhage]. AB - The experience in upper G.I. tract hemorrhage accumulated during the first 30 months in the Emergency Hemorrhage Unit at the Hospital Posadas is here reported over a total of 428 endoscopies, we found 518 lesions. Ninety one (21%) presented with active bleeding, and 317 (76%) were considered as the probable cause of the bleeding. In 37 cases (8.6%) the site of bleeding was detected, but the diagnosis wasn't done. The most frequent lesions were erosive gastritis (21.2%), gastric ulcer (20%), erosive duodenitis (12.6%), duodenal ulcer (12.15%) and esophageal varices (12.12%) the diagnosis was normal 14.7% of the cases. One hundred and sixty one patients were admitted to the hospital; on 143 (88.82%) patients the original diagnosis was confirmed but it was modified in 18 patients (11.18%) by surgery or repeated endoscopy. During the last 20 months of the period the accuracy diagnostic of the endoscopy increased 95%. When compared with the first 10 months (76%) this fact shows, the importance of the experience acquired by the endoscopist. Most of the patients received medical treatment with a mortality of 9.02% and 25 patients received surgical treatment with a mortality of 28%. PMID- 6985240 TI - [Fiberendoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices: relationship of varices size, quantity of sclerosing agent used and number of sessions]. AB - By means of fiberendoscopic injection sclerotherapy, it was possible to achieve eradication of esophageal varices in 18 patients. At the onset of treatment 9 patients had small varices (grade II) and other 9 had big varices (grade III). It was found in the big varices group there was needed more courses (p less than 0.01) and a greater amount of sclerosing agent (p less than 0.001) than in the group with small varices. Since those patients with big varices required more courses and more volume of sclerosing agent, and in fact they have more risk to rebleed during the pre-eradication period. It is proposed as a solution during this period, the use of a B receptor blocking agent (Propranolol) simultaneously with sclerotherapy. PMID- 6985241 TI - Alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase reaction for peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The proportion of T-lymphocytes and monocytes was estimated by the alpha-naphthyl acetate-esterase-(ANAE)-reaction in blood smears of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and normal controls. A parallel and significant reduction in the number of T-lymphocytes identified on the basis of both the ANAE and the E rosette test was found in SLE. In the active periods of SLE more T-cells were identified by the enzyme histochemical study than by the E-rosette test, which points to a functional damage to the T-cells. A marked reduction in the number of the cells considered to be of the suppressor type was demonstrable by both methods in the active period. A distinct reduction in the number of monocytes was also demonstrable by ANAE in the patients with SLE, which may be one of the manifestations of deficient immunoregulation in this disease. PMID- 6985242 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with IgA glomerulonephritis. AB - Fourty-four patients with IgA-glomerulonephritis (IgA GN) were studied for circulating immune complexes (IC) repeatedly in the course of disease on the evidence of four different methods suited for the detection of IC, viz. complement consumption assay, Clq-solubility test and two tests based on PEG precipitation, and of indirect signs pointing to the presence of IC. Joint assessment of the direct and indirect signs (positivity of a minimum of 2 indirect signs or any of the direct signs) permitted to ascertain the presence of circulating IC in 72 per cent of the patients and in 63.3 per cent of the examined sera. There was no close relationship between the presence of IC and the clinical activity. On the other hand, in 16 patients positive for the rheumatoid factor (RF) the renal biopsy material revealed extensive vascular lesions. The findings suggest that the circulating IC, some of which contain RF, play a part in the pathomechanism of IgA GN and are involved in the production of the vascular abnormalities in this disease. PMID- 6985243 TI - [Spasmodic torticollis, substantiating Manto syndrome, of possible toxic aethiology, with alterations of brainstem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEPs). Treatment with L-5-hydroxytryptophan. Follow up of 18 months, during which high degree resolution of symptoms and normalization of BAEPs took place]. AB - A case of very severe spasmodic torticollis observed for 18 months is presented and discussed. Head was so rotated that permitted only backward seeing and compressed brachial plexus between scaleni muscles with sensory, motor and trophic troubles in the hand. A toxic aethiology from parathion is likely. Brainstem Acoustic Evoked Potentials (BAEPs) showed in the beginning abnormal responses, especially as refers to waves originating in the mesencephalon. Therapy with L-5-hydroxytryptophan subdued neurological symptoms; a parallel normalization of BAEPs recording was observed. The Authors propose to call this syndrome (spasmodic torticollis with thoracic outlet syndrome) after the mythical diviner Manto, which Dante Alighieri refers to in his "Divina Commedia" (Inferno, XX, 55 e segg.). PMID- 6985245 TI - [Long-term evaluation of a group of patients treated with aorto-coronary bypass: prognostic value of the cycloergometric test]. PMID- 6985244 TI - [Biological assay of anthelmintic drugs. Determination of DE 50]. AB - Experiments on ivermectine, thiabendazole and levamisole were performed by using the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis rat model. The aim of the experiments was to study the 50% as well as 99.5% doses of the above anthelmintics. Besides this a relative evaluation of drugs was also carried out and different dose efficiencies were compared by keeping one anthelmintic as a standard. The results were obtained on the following experimental conditions: homogeneity of the group of rats (age, weight and sex), uniform infestation in all the animals (3000 larvae at day zero), administration of anthelmintics was done on day 6 and autopsy was performed on the 9th day of infection. The effectivity of anthelmintic is essentially based on the mortality of the adult worms. The mathematical expression is obtained on the basis of logarithmic values of the doses and probit percentage analysis. The graph obtained between dose vs efficiency is a straight line, so the value of DE 50 can be calculated using this straight line. The normal distribution of worms exposed to a dose was verified which justifies the statistical interpretation. PMID- 6985246 TI - [Myocardial damage caused by ischemia and/or re-perfusion in cardiac surgery: prevention and treatment with verapamil]. PMID- 6985249 TI - [Epidemiological problems in geriatrics]. PMID- 6985247 TI - Establishment and control of the L5178Y-cell tumor dormant state in DBA/2 mice. AB - The L5178Y-cell tumor dormant state in DBA/2 mice is an excellent model for assessing immunologically mediated tumor-growth restraint mechanisms associated with establishment and control of a tumor dormant state. It has enabled us to relate components of the host's tumor suppressive immune system to the stage of tumor dormancy and the magnitude of the tumor burden. A strong CTL response has been associated with establishment of the tumor dormant state and can be reelicited in vivo or in vitro, after its initial decline, by reexposure to tumor antigen. This reelicitation is mediated via immunologic stimulation of memory CTL. Combined cultures of NAD T-lineage lymphocytes and macrophages from tumor dormant mice produce considerable cytolytic activity where little or no activity can be detected in the individual populations. Based on the similar pattern of tumor target cell specificity of the two responses, it is likely that memory CTL contribute to this synergistic cytolytic activity. The synergistic cytolytic response persists after CTL activity has waned to undetectable levels and is probably the predominant cytolytic activity associated with maintenance of the tumor dormant state. However, this activity may be obscured by proliferation of endogenous tumor cells, which in turn triggers direct macrophage-mediated cytolytic activity. The target cell specificity of this direct macrophage mediated cytolytic response is also similar to the CTL response suggesting T cell (or memory CTL) involvement in its generation. The L5178Y-cell tumor dormant model is well suited for attempts at cure with immunotherapy. Active specific and nonspecific immunotherapy are each capable of eliminating all tumor cells from approximately 50% of tumor dormant mice. The L5178Y-cell tumor dormant state is one of several animal models of tumor dormancy. The great variety of growth restraint mechanisms that control tumor dormant states in animal systems is strong evidence that tumor dormant states exist in cancer in human beings. PMID- 6985250 TI - [Radioimmunological determination of thyroglobulin in autoantibody-containing sera. I. Obtaining the antigen and antibodies]. PMID- 6985251 TI - [Intravitreous steroid injection]. PMID- 6985252 TI - [A new projection anomaloscope (technical data, diagnosis of color vision defects, new potentials for research)]. PMID- 6985248 TI - Antigenic variation in cancer metastasis: immune escape versus immune control. AB - Antigenic variation in cancer metastasis was observed in a syngeneic murine tumor system consisting of a low metastatic parental tumor line (derived from a methylcholanthrene-induced DBA/2 T lymphoma, Eb), a high metastatic spontaneous variant thereof (ESb), and a low metastatic 'revertant' from ESb (ESb-M). All three lines expressed tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA) which elicited specific T cell-mediated antitumor immune reactions in the host. The strongest host response was elicited upon intradermal inoculation. It could be followed by (a) the infiltration of the locally growing tumor by host cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, (b) the establishment of specific systemic antitumor immunity, (c) the generation of immune cells capable of transferring protective antitumor immunity into a normal syngeneic recipient, and (d) the generation of tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Anti-TATA CTL were used as typing reagents to investigate the stability or variability in the TATA expression by cloned tumor cell lines. Antigenic variability in the TATA expression was seen under various conditions: (a) clone-dependent variation in the sensitivity to anti-TATA CTL lysis upon prolonged growth in tissue culture, (b) qualitative change in the TATA (TATA1 leads to TATA2) upon successive i.p. transplantation of the parental Eb tumor line and, (c) generation of TATA negative immune escape variants (TATA2 leads to TATA-) during metastasis formation from a s.c. site. The relative inefficiency of specific immunization procedures against ESb was found to be due to the effective generation of TATA negative variants by this highly metastatic tumor. The balance between immune control and immune escape could be influenced to the advantage of the host by some means, for instance optimizing the route of antitumor-immune sensitization or by infusion of allogeneic but H-2 identical antitumor-immune T cells. Such immune cells recognized the tumor via minor histocompatibility antigens and thus circumvented the need of TATA recognition. Finally, manipulations at the cell surface of the highly malignant ESb tumor such as those introduced in the ESb-M variant were found to dramatically effect its metastatic potential. PMID- 6985253 TI - [Electrophysiologic findings in neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Batten-Spielmayer Vogt)]. PMID- 6985254 TI - Cerebral organization of emotional reactions and states. PMID- 6985255 TI - Herpes zoster of oral and facial structures (a case report). PMID- 6985256 TI - Immunological sensitisation of human lymphocytes after influenza vaccination. PMID- 6985257 TI - Trial of immunopotentiation by levamisole in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6985258 TI - The mucocutaneous syndromes--Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson and Ectodermosis erosiva pluriorificialis. PMID- 6985259 TI - Immunocompetence and dietary protein intake in early infancy. AB - Forty-one normal full-term infants were fed from birth, during the first 4.5 months of life, different diets based on two formulas similar in rough composition but basically different, the one being constituted only of cow milk protein and the other of soy protein. From each of the two formulas two different dilutions were prepared so that all diets supplied about 100 kcal/kg/day, but, respectively, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg/day of cow milk protein and 2.0 and 5.0 g/kg/day of soy protein. After 4.5 months, growth in weight, length, and head circumference was normal and very similar in all infants. Gammaglobulin, immunoglobulin, transferrin, and some complement fractions (particularly C'3, C'1 INA, C'3 PA) were lower in infants receiving soy protein diets than in those receiving cow milk protein diets, and, within each type of diet, in those infants receiving lower amounts of protein. In particular, values of infants receiving 5.0 g/kg/day of soy protein were roughly comparable to those of infants receiving 2.0 g/kg/day of cow milk protein. B lymphocyte markers and reactivity did not show significant differences among the various groups. T lymphocyte markers and reactivity showed an impairment in soy protein diets (and in particular in 2.0 g/kg/day protein diets) with respect to cow milk diets. It was also observed that morbidity (mainly infections of upper respiratory tract) was higher in those infants who took soybean protein and in those who took lesser amount of protein. PMID- 6985260 TI - Acute phase proteins in chronic inflammatory bowel disease in childhood. AB - The serum levels of five acute phase proteins (APP) were measured in 18 children with Crohn's Disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and in two control groups. The levels of C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, C9, and Factor B were significantly raised in patients with CD and UC with good separation from controls, but they were not entirely reliable used as screening tests unless used in combination. The levels of APP were monitored for periods varying from 18 to 28 months in each patient and found to reflect the disease activity in both CD and UC. On seven occasions the APP levels did not match the clinically assessed disease activity, but when the serum levels were related to outcome of the disease, C-reactive protein was found to be elevated--whether or not there were symptoms of the disease--in all patients who later had a relapse, while normal values were found in those who had a long remission. These results suggest that the estimation of Creative protein is of prognostic value and that its measurement is particularly useful in children with mild symptoms in whom disease activity and prognosis are difficult to assess. PMID- 6985261 TI - Failure of p-aminobenzoic acid screening test to diagnose pancreatic insufficiency in Shwachman's syndrome. AB - The 6-h urine recovery of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) following the administration of a standard dose of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BTPABA) was performed in 13 control subjects and two siblings with Shwachman's syndrome. The control subjects showed a recovery of 67 +/- 12.1% (mean +/- 1 SD) of the administered dose, consistent with previously reported values. Unexpectedly, the recovery of PABA in two siblings with Shwachman's syndrome was found to be 67 and 63%, respectively. The values are well within the normal range. In these siblings, fecal chymotrypsin activities were very low when measured with N-acetyl L-tyrosyl-ethyl ester (ATEE) as substrate, but were normal when BTPABA was the substrate. The duodenal juice of the younger affected child following pancreozymin-secretin stimulation showed very low chymotrypsin activity against ATEE, BTPABA, and N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-ethyl ester. These findings suggest that there may be BTPABA-splitting activity in the lower bowel of these siblings with Shwachman's syndrome. This activity might be that of enteric bacteria or of the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 6985263 TI - Relative and absolute deficiency of bone marrow endogenous colony stimulating activity in acute myeloid leukemia: relation to response to chemotherapy. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine possible mechanisms for the recently observed association between insensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) clonogenic cells to colony stimulating activity (CSA) and poor response to induction chemotherapy. The bone marrow endogenous CSA was determined using semi solid agar cultures by measuring the response of the AML patients' own clonogenic cells to endogenous CSA. The results show that whereas 31% (5/16) of patients at presentation have deficient bone marrow endogenous CSA production, over 50% (11/21) have relative deficiency of endogenous CSA, due to insensitivity of the patients' clonogenic cells to CSA. Although there is an association between relative deficiency of endogenous CSA and a poor response to therapy, the relationship is not close enough to explain the previously observed highly significant correlation between insensitivity to CSA and poor response to therapy. The CSA-insensitive phenotype and poor response to therapy, one via the tendency to relative endogenous CSA deficiency in the CSA-insensitive group and another via some additional feature of these poor response AML phenotypes which is independent of the presence or absence of endogenous CSA deficiency. PMID- 6985262 TI - Serum bile acids as markers of juvenile liver disease in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Serum bile acids were studied in 34 patients, aged 7/12 to 20 years, with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. Of these patients, 27 were of Pi-phenotype Z and 7 of SZ. Liver biopsy according to Menghini was performed in 19 patients. Fasting serum levels of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, determined by radioimmunoassay, were compared to conventional liver function tests and liver morphology. All patients with morphological liver cirrhosis had increased fasting levels of serum bile acids. The other patients, including those with severe fibrosis, had normal values. Although standard liver function tests were more pathological in the cirrhotic patients than in the others, serum fasting bile acids seemed to be the most distinct markers of severe liver disease. PMID- 6985265 TI - Re: sialic acid in T, B and CLL lymphocytes. PMID- 6985264 TI - Interferon inhibits PWM induced B cell differentiation but not onset of proliferation. AB - The dependence of B lymphocyte differentiation into plasmacytes on anteceding B and T cell proliferation was studied using interferon as a probe. Possible correlations of the effect of interferon on PWM induced T and B cell proliferation and B cell differentiation into either kappa or lambda light chain immunoglobulin synthesizing plasmacytes have been investigated. The hypothesis that the observed inhibition of the PWM induced formation of plasmacytes by interferon is due to putative enhanced suppressor cell activity resulting from increased T cell proliferation is tested. Human, peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed to PWM in the presence or absence of human leukocyte interferon. Proliferation was assayed by pulse cytophotometric analysis of cell kinetics, as well as [3H]TdR labelling of S-phase cells. Incidence of plasmacytes was detected by immunofluorescence using kappa or lambda light chain specific antibody. During continuous [3H]TdR labelling of stimulated cells, interferon inhibited incorporation of precipitable label by 40% at 96 and 144 h, indicating reduced net DNA synthesis by interferon treated cells. The relative fraction of cells in S-phase as well as G1- and G2 + M- was similar for treated and untreated cells. The fraction of cells rosetting SRBC remained stable for both treated and untreated cells. The size of the interferon treated population was persistently smaller once proliferation began. The time of initiation of proliferation was comparable for treated and untreated cells. Consistent with the findings of others using cell lines, interferon apparently induces a dilation of all cell cycle phases, thereby reducing the rate of proliferation. The same reduction occurred for both T and B cells. Time of initiation of DNA synthesis was, in contrast, not delayed by interferon, suggesting it is specific for events during the proliferative cell cycle. The occurrence of both kappa and lambda light chain immunoglobulin secreting plasmacytes was inhibited by interferon. The degree of inhibition was comparable for both kinds of plasmacytes detected. While not delaying the onset of DNA synthesis, interferon apparently retards subsequent cell proliferation and inhibits the differentiation of B cells to plasmacytes. The data indicate that active cellular proliferation and B cell differentiation require interferon sensitive events which cells initially recruited from quiescence by PWM do not. The inhibition of the incidence of plasmacytes cannot be attributed to an imbalance of T cell proliferation relative to non-T cells. PMID- 6985266 TI - [Origin and function of macrophages]. PMID- 6985267 TI - Two forms of murine epidermal growth factor: rapid separation by using reverse phase HPLC. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been isolated from acid extracts of C57BL6/J mouse submaxillary glands by using hydrophobic chromatography. High yields of EGF in large amounts (10 mg) can be isolated reliably from the acid extract of the glands in less than 4 hr. The reverse-phase HPLC techniques used to purify the EGF initially yielded what appeared to be a single homogeneous EGF molecule. However, ion pairing reagents (e.g., heptafluorobutyric acid) altered the chromatographic properties, revealing two distinct species: EGF-alpha and EGF beta. The apparent molecular weights, isoelectric points, and antigenic properties of EGF-alpha and EGF-beta were identical, and both forms stimulated a mitogenic response in 3T3 cells. Analysis of different preparations of purified EGF (commercial and experimental) indicated the presence of EGF-alpha and EGF beta in constant proportion. Previous EGF binding studies must have used mixtures of 125I-labeled EGF-alpha and 125I-labeled EGF-beta. The two molecules appear to compete for an identical receptor on the cell surface. PMID- 6985268 TI - Biochemical separation of a human B cell mitogenic factor. AB - Recent studies have established the ability of human B lymphocytes to undergo G1 phase cell cycle progression and subsequent DNA synthesis upon exposure to factor(s) present in media conditioned by lectin-stimulated mononuclear cells. Procedures for the isolation of such a cytokine have been the focus of the present investigation. Conditioned medium from cells stimulated by lectin for 72 hr was fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. During the isolation procedure the proliferation-stimulating activity of the column fractions was assayed concurrently on purified human T cells, purified human B cells, and murine thymocytes. T cell and B cell stimulatory factors present in the initial conditioned medium were found to copurify during ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, and Bio-Gel P-30 gel filtration. However, partial separation of these two activities was achieved after Bio-Gel P-100 gel filtration. Analytic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled Bio-Gel P 100 column fractions demonstrated a distinct protein band of 14,000-15,000 daltons in those column fractions predominantly supporting T cell growth and a distinct protein band of 12,000-13,000 daltons for those fractions predominantly supporting B cell growth. The fractions associated with B cell mitogenic activity induced B cell S-phase entry in a proportion of B lymphocytes in the absence of any detectable IgM secretion. PMID- 6985269 TI - Inhibition of in vitro natural killer activity by the third component of complement: role for the C3a fragment. AB - Purified human native third component of complement, C3, was found to inhibit in vitro natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in both mouse and human systems. The effect was dose and time dependent, a 50% inhibition being reached with 190 nM C3 (35 micrograms/ml) added during the NK assay or after a 30-min preincubation of the effector cells with this C3 concentration. C3 was shown to act at the effector-cell population level because pretreatment of the target cells did not modify the NK lysis. The inhibition was not due to general cytotoxicity nor to cell agglutination. Moreover, another in vitro cytotoxicity system (represented by alloreactive cytotoxic lymphocytes) was not affected by purified C3. Structural analysis of the active part of the C3 molecule shows that the C3 induced inhibition is supported by the C3a fragment. Release of carboxyl-terminal arginine residue by carboxypeptidase B, converting C3a into des-Arg77-C3a, did not alter the inhibitory effect displayed by this fragment. These results suggest that C3a may play an important role in the regulation of NK activity. PMID- 6985271 TI - Case history factors in a group of language impaired children. PMID- 6985272 TI - Thymus-conditioned medium influences in vitro colony formation by hematopoietic progenitor cells. AB - Medium conditioned by mouse thymic cells cultured for 7 days in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A) and 5% human serum enhanced erythroid colony formation by CFU-E but not BFU-E. Medium conditioned by thymic cells for less than 7 days or more than 7 days inhibited erythroid colony formation. Enhancement of erythroid colony formation occurred at both suboptimal and saturating concentrations of erythropoietin. The thymus-conditioned medium also stimulated the growth of granulocyte/macrophage colonies by itself and in the presence of a saturating concentration of WEHI-3 conditioned medium. The conditioned medium contained neither burst-promoting activity nor erythropoietin. The erythroid colony enhancing activity in the thymus-conditioned medium was heat stable, bound to immobilized Con A, lacked protease activity and migrated with an approximate molecular weight of 68,000 on gel filtration. PMID- 6985274 TI - The use of epidemiologic methods as the bridge between prevention and social work practice. AB - The concepts, scope and methods of epidemiology as well as the application of these tools to preventive social work practice for both policy setting and case management are described. Using data concerning lead poisoning, two areas are discussed. These are: 1) the stages of prevention and its implication for practice, and 2) definitions of the epidemiologic concepts of population-at-risk, prevalence, incidence, case rate, relative risk, attributable risk, and epidemiologic causal models. Finally, suggestions for using epidemiologic knowledge and methods in formulating policy for, and programs pertaining to, prevention in social work practice are set forth. PMID- 6985270 TI - Static and dynamic mechanisms of space vestibular malaise. PMID- 6985273 TI - Studies on nude mice bearing human CSF-producing tumor. III. Colony type of granulocyte-macrophage precursors of nude mice bearing CSF-producing tumor. AB - In previous studies, we analyzed the hemopoietic precursor cells of tumor-bearing nude mice with marked neutrophilia induced by a transplanted human lung cancer. In this study, we examined the morphology of granulocyte-macrophage colonies using a technique for cytochemical examination of all colonies grown in agar gel culture. By stimulation with spleen cell-conditioned medium, the bone marrow cells and spleen cells of tumor-bearing nude mice formed a higher proportion of granulocyte-containing colonies than those of control mice. However, a larger number of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors were not definitely committed to differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages, as no significant differences in cellular composition of colonies between tumor-bearing mice and control mice were observed by stimulation with L cell-conditioned medium. PMID- 6985275 TI - [Depression in black Africa. Review of the literature]. AB - The first two chapters of the present review of literature about depression in Black Africa deal with epidemiological data and semiological items. The epidemiological approach rises up the same difficulties as those raised in similar researches carried out in Western Countries, and others linked with the sociological field being studied. We find in the clinical descriptions some basic symptoms classically described in the West. Yet, the expression of the depressive experience gives way to cultural persecutive interpretations, the meaning of which is treated in the third chapter. PMID- 6985276 TI - Effect of sealant placement on occlusal caries progression. PMID- 6985277 TI - Reflections on the Sargenti N2 method of root canal therapy. PMID- 6985279 TI - Fabrication and use of a dental patient chest tray. PMID- 6985278 TI - Systematic approach to endodontic diagnosis--a must! A case report. PMID- 6985280 TI - Damage of photoreceptor membrane lipids and proteins induced by photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen. AB - It has been shown that illumination of rod outer segment suspension in the presence of photosensitizers (methylene blue lambda greater than or equal to 620 nm; retinal 370 less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to 390 nm) results in chemical modification of the lipid and protein components of the photo receptor membranes. This modification can be registered by accumulation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products as well as oligomerization of rhodopsin and a decrease of rhodopsin thermal stability. These effects are prevented by 'O2 quenchers and free radical scavengers. It has been found that the electric activity (ERG) of isolated frog retina is inhibited due to photosensitized generation of 'O2 which can be overcome by preliminary addition of 'O2-quenchers and free radical scavengers to the incubation medium. The LPO products are accumulated in the retinae of rats exposed to high intensity light in vivo. It is concluded that 'O2 and LPO are involved in light-induced damage of the retina. PMID- 6985281 TI - Intracameral inoculation of herpes simplex virus type I induces anterior chamber associated immune deviation. AB - Herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1) inoculated intracamerally (IC) into the anterior chamber of BALB/c eyes induces anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID) in which T cell-mediated delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to HSV-1 are impaired while B cell-mediated anti-HSV neutralizing antibody responses are intact or enhanced. PMID- 6985282 TI - [The TAO-methylprednisolone combination in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy. Clinical, metabolic and hormonal aspects]. PMID- 6985283 TI - [The platelet phase of hemostasis in oral hemorrhage]. PMID- 6985284 TI - An on-line synthesis of "no-carrier-added" [11C]phosgene. PMID- 6985285 TI - Pain control with TENS - transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Part 2. PMID- 6985286 TI - [Electron microscopic observation of epidermal Langerhans cells in tinea versicolor]. PMID- 6985287 TI - [Squamous cell carcinoma, basalioma and Bowen's disease associated with porokeratosis of Mibelli]. PMID- 6985288 TI - [Skin infiltration of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: 2 cases having the original loci at the skin and Waldeyer's ring]. PMID- 6985289 TI - [Ultrastructural observation on cultured non-epidermal cells in Pringle's disease (II)]. PMID- 6985290 TI - [Mandibular lesion in progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 6985291 TI - [Alterations of serum lipids in patients with psoriasis vulgaris after retinoid administration]. PMID- 6985293 TI - Rat bait poisoning in a boxer. PMID- 6985295 TI - [Effect of biostymine on various immunological processes]. PMID- 6985294 TI - Changes in bioelectrical parameters of isolated frog skin epithelium caused by monocrotophos. AB - The effect of monocrotophos on the bioelectric parameters of frog skin: potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (SCC), the rate of active sodium ion transport, resistance (R), summed ionic permeability, was studied and it was demonstrated that the tested pesticide added to the medium on the external surface of the skin at the concentrations 4.5 X 10(-3)M and 1.1 X 10(-2)M had no significant effects on these parameters. This might have been connected with the presence on the skin surface mechanisms protecting it against the action of this pesticide. After addition to the medium on the internal side of the skin in a higher concentration it produced an irreversible increase in SCC value and decreased tissue resistance. It seems that the most likely cause of the observed changes were disturbances in the molecular structure of the plasma membrane with its stabilization of the sodium channels in the open position. PMID- 6985296 TI - Serological study of sheep and goats brucellosis in Northern Nigeria. PMID- 6985297 TI - Studies on the bradycardia induced by bepridil. AB - Bepridil, a novel active compound for prophylactic treatment of anginal attacks, induced persistent bradycardia and a non-specific anti-tachycardial effect, the mechanisms of which were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro perfusion of bepridil in the life-support medium for isolated sino-atrial tissue from rabbit heart, caused a reduction in action potential (AP) spike frequency (recorded by KCl microelectrodes) starting at doses of 5 X 10(-6) M. This effect was dose dependent up to concentrations of 5 X 10(-5) M, whereupon blockade of sinus activity set in. Bepridil at a dose of 5 X 10(-6) M, induced a concomitant reduction in AP amplitude (falling from 71 +/- 8 mV to 47 +/- 6 mV), maximum systolic depolarization velocity (phase 0) which fell from 1.85 +/- 0.35 V/s to 0.84 +/- 0.28 V/s, together with maximum diastolic depolarization velocity (phase 4) which fell from 38 +/- 3 mV/s to 24 +/- 5 mV/s. In vivo injection of bepridil at a dose of 5 mg/kg (i.v.) into 6 anaesthetized dogs which had undergone ablation of all the extrinsic cardiac afferent nerve supply, together with a bilateral medullo-adrenalectomy, caused a marked reduction in heart rate which fell from 98.7 +/- 4.2 beats/min to 76 +/- 5.3 beats/min sustained for more than 45 min. It is concluded that bepridil reduces heart rate by acting directly on the sinus node. This effect, which results in a flattening of the phase 0 and phase 4 slope, together with a longer AP duration, may be due to an increase in the time constants of slow inward ionic currents (already demonstrated elsewhere), but also to an increased time constant for deactivation of the outward potassium current (Ip). PMID- 6985298 TI - Characterization of human serum strain-specific antihemagglutinin antibody to A/Port Chalmers/73 (H3N2) influenza virus by radioimmunoprecipitation assays. AB - We performed radioimmunoprecipitation assays in which iodinated preparations of A/Port Chalmers/73 (A/PC/73) hemagglutinin were used as the test antigens and high concentrations of unlabeled A/Hong Kong/68 viral protein were used to inhibit the binding of cross-reactive antibodies to quantitate strain-specific antibody responses in postvaccination sera. Strain-specific antibodies comprised 8 to 48% (mean, 20%) of the total A/PC/73 antigen-binding capacity of the sera tested. Competition radioimmunoprecipitation assays in which disrupted preparations of purified whole virus representative of several of the H3N2 variants were used indicated that the A/PC/73 strain-specific antibody that was present after adsorption of serum by A/Hong Kong/68 antigen was capable of reacting with A/England/72 and A/Victoria/75 hemagglutinins, but generally with lower avidity than with A/PC/73 hemagglutinin. A comparison of the A/PC/73 antibody titers measured by radioimmunoprecipitation and hemagglutination inhibition tests before and after adsorption with A/Hong Kong/68 whole virus suggested that cross-reactive and strain-specific antibodies were comparable in efficiency of inhibiting viral hemagglutination. These data indicated that vaccines containing later variants within a subtype could induce antihemagglutinin antibodies of restricted specificity, but that these antibodies may not be directed against unique antigenic determinant(s). PMID- 6985299 TI - Detection of immunoglobulin G antibody to purified protein derivative in patients with tuberculosis by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Sera from patients with active tuberculosis and sera from appropriate control individuals were assayed for immunoglobulin G antibody activity to purified protein derivative by a polystyrene tube radioimmunoassay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both assays showed a marked increase in immunoglobulin G antibody activity in patients with active tuberculosis. There was no overlap between the values for the patient group and the values for the purified protein derivative skin test-positive control individuals. The replication of these assays was excellent, and both could provide quantitative measurements of immunoglobulin G antibody activity to purified protein derivative antigen within 24 h. These techniques have potential as rapid diagnostic aids in evaluating patients with suspected active tuberculosis. PMID- 6985301 TI - [Nuclear medicine]. PMID- 6985300 TI - Gingival bleeding after chlorhexidine mouthrinses. AB - During a clinical trial for evaluating the antiplaque effect of two flavoured chlorhexidine rinses, the observation was made that bleeding after gentle massage of the gingival margin occurred more often after chemical than after mechanical oral hygiene measures. In order to ascertain the validity of this unexpected observation, the same dental students participated in a repetition of the trial 18 months later. The results of the two trials indicate that gingival bleeding after gentle massage of the margin with the side of a periodontal probe actually occurs more frequently after rinsing twice daily with a 0.2% aqueous chlorhexidine solution for 1 week than after meticulous mechanical oral hygiene measures during an equally long time period. The average frequency of bleeding, in per cent of all examined gingival units, ranged from 1.3% after mechanical cleaning of the teeth to 5.4% after rinsing with chlorhexidine for 1 week. Neither the frequency of bleeding nor the difference between mechanical and chemical plaque control were considered to be of clinical significance. Further microbiological and histological studies are being conducted in an attempt to clarify the reason for the observed bleeding tendency. PMID- 6985303 TI - Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of 4-propionyl-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3 dimethylaminopropyl)-piperidine dihydrochloride. AB - 4-propionyl-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-piperidine dihydro chloride (S8) showed in the hot plate test a marked analgesic activity with a better therapeutic index than that of pethidine. S8 possesses also anti inflammatory (in short and long-term tests in vivo) as well as spasmolytic properties. PMID- 6985302 TI - [Prevention of juvenile arterial hypertension: preliminary results of a cross sectional study in a Roman community]. PMID- 6985304 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of some 2-pyrrolidinone Mannich bases. AB - N-aminoalkyl derivatives of 2-pyrrolidinone (1-5) and methylene-bis-amino derivatives (7-9) as intermediary products formed during aminoalkylation were described. Compounds 2 and 3, in doses over 30 and 20 mg/kg resp., displayed analgesic properties; compound 3 exerted also a weak anti-inflammatory action (37 mg/kg po) in the carrageenin test. PMID- 6985305 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological activity of some 2,3-dihydrofuran-2,3-dione derivatives. AB - New 2,3-dihydrofuran-2,3-dione derivatives (1-11) were obtained by condensation of oxalyl chloride with Schiff bases of acetyl- or benzoylacetone and aromatic amines. These compounds showed only weak sedative action and weak analgesic effect. PMID- 6985307 TI - [E and EA rosettes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6985306 TI - [Effect of methotrexate (amethopterin) on leukocyte migration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6985308 TI - Strategies for analysing ecological health data: models of the biological risk of individuals. AB - Frequently, the analysis of environmental health hazards using ecological data does not involve explicit recognition of the difficulties in translating health effects expressed in the aggregate to the health risks of individuals. We discuss these difficulties and suggest the need for the appropriate conceptualization of risk mechanisms at the individual level and of the population processes that determine the form in which these risk mechanisms are expressed in aggregate data. To illustrate the implications of these concepts we develop a biologically motivated model of lung cancer risk and apply it to both national and county data. In addition, to measure the total health effects of the long term elevation or depression of lung cancer incidence rates, we calculate prevalence distributions from the time series analysis of incidence patterns in county data. PMID- 6985311 TI - ["Selective" percutaneous alcohol administration to the Gasserian ganglion in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 6985310 TI - [Deep stimulation of the brain]. PMID- 6985312 TI - [Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes]. PMID- 6985313 TI - [Saphenous vein bypass: surgical-technical aspects]. PMID- 6985309 TI - [Electrostimulation of the spinal cord in the treatment of chronic pain]. PMID- 6985314 TI - [Long-term results of aortocoronary bypass operation]. PMID- 6985315 TI - Relationship between the tissue redox state potential and dak/dt changes of [K+]0 activity during k-strophantoside or acetylcholine induced contractures. AB - It was established that oxidosis evoked by methylene blue during k-strophantoside and acetylcholine contractures in skeletal muscle was accompanied by an increase in the changes of [K+]0 activity, while redosis evoked by ascorbate under the same conditions was accompanied by a decrease in the changes of [K+]0 activity. These changes in [K+]0 activity parallelled the alterations of contractures caused by oxidosis or redosis suggesting that changes in the [K+]0 transient play an important role in these phenomena. PMID- 6985316 TI - [Antiprothrombinase type of circulating anticoagulants during acute disseminated lupus erythematosus]. AB - We report the observations of 4 young women suffering from SLE witha circulatig antiprothrombinase anticoagulant. Antiprothrombinase is the most frequent circulating anticoagulant found in SLE (5 to 10 p. 100). SLE is the main aetiology for antiprothrombinase (over 50 p. 100). It is called 'lupus anticoagulant'. Some symptoms seem to be more frequent in SLE with antiprothrombinase. Such are biological signs (false positive tests for syphilis. Coombs test, thrombopenia, prothrombin deficiency) and clinical signs (venous or arterial thrombosis particularly if oestroprogestative treatment is taken, bleeding if thrombocytopenia or deficiency of prothrombin; repetitive abortion and may be neuropsychiatric signs). Antiprothrombinase is an autoantibody (IgG or IgG + M) polyclonal in SLE, with antiphospholipid activity. It could decrease the production of prostacyclin (PGI2) from free arachidonic acid derived from membrane bound phospholipids. Immunological properties of antiprothrombinase could account for clinical and biological associated signs. PMID- 6985317 TI - [Epidemiological and clinico-statistical findings on tuberculosis in children in the Firenze province. II. Data relating to morbidity and infectivity 1971-1980]. PMID- 6985319 TI - A short introduction to child abuse in Japan. PMID- 6985318 TI - Sarcoidosis in aircrew. AB - Pulmonary lesions resembling sarcoid granulomata histologically appeared as chance findings on routine histology of UK aircraft accident fatalities more often than was expected from the recognised clinical incidence of sarcoidosis in UK. It was not possible to prove that these lesions in postmortem tissue were sarcoidosis, but all attempts to demonstrate any other aetiology failed. This raised the question as to whether there might be an association between these lesions and aircraft accidents, or whether some factor led to their occurrence in aircrew more frequently than in passengers. However, the clinical incidence and the postmortem occurrence are not strictly comparable, and the numbers involved are small and so the findings may be due to chance. PMID- 6985320 TI - Toward better research on child abuse and neglect: a response to Besharov. PMID- 6985321 TI - [Electric phenomena in sterile and infected bone tissue]. PMID- 6985322 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies and PUVA therapy]. PMID- 6985324 TI - Use and effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in pain management. PMID- 6985323 TI - [Cellular immunity in squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinomas]. PMID- 6985325 TI - [Clinical use of macromolecular separation (plasmapheresis)]. PMID- 6985326 TI - Color vision of glaucomatous patients (preliminary results). PMID- 6985327 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of various treatment methods in prosthetic mouth diseases]. PMID- 6985328 TI - [Muscular tumors as a cause of recurring intestinal hemorrhage (apropos of 3 cases)]. PMID- 6985329 TI - Effects of board and tower diving on the auditory and vestibular analyzer. PMID- 6985331 TI - [Factors of chronicity caused by a deficit of T cells in bacterial and mycotic bronchopathies. Trials on immunomodulation]. PMID- 6985330 TI - [Secondary pneumonias and immunosuppressive states]. PMID- 6985332 TI - Proceedings of the NIH Consensus Workshop, August 20-22, 1980. Endoscopy in the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6985333 TI - Endoscopy. What is its role in upper GI bleeding? PMID- 6985334 TI - Does endoscopy affect the surgical approach to the patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding? PMID- 6985335 TI - Electrocoagulation in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6985336 TI - Endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. Topical therapy and variceal injection. PMID- 6985337 TI - National ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding: complications of endoscopy. AB - Data about the risks of upper endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding was gathered as part of a prospective national survey of the ASGE membership. Endoscopic complications occurred in 21 of 2320 endoscopies (0.9%). These included 12 major (perforation, aspiration, bleeding) and 9 minor (mucosal tear, medication reaction, transient cardiac or pulmonary episode) complications. There were 3 deaths attributable to major complications of the procedure. These fatalities all occurred in patients with severe major underlying illnesses. Although these results indicate a higher complication rate than earlier retrospective ASGE surveys on endoscopy, they are comparable to other available data about the risks of endoscopy in the specific group of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6985338 TI - Clinical approach to diagnostic endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6985339 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis and prognosis. PMID- 6985340 TI - Consensus Development Conference on endoscopy. Other diagnostic approaches to upper gastrointestinal bleeding: utility of contrast radiology. PMID- 6985341 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Nature and magnitude of the problem in the U.S. AB - This study examines the frequency of upper GI bleeding in the United States population, and the use of diagnostic endoscopy in its evaluation. Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey and National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey are used, as well as limited data from the Veteran's Administration and State of Wisconsin. There were almost 1.1 million discharges from U.S. hospitals in 1978 with diagnoses related to UGI bleeding. Using an indirect method of estimation based on cases of peptic ulcer specified as bleeding, we estimate the rate of hospitalization with UGI bleeding as 150 per 100,000 population per year. About one-sixth of these patients underwent gastroscopy and/or esophagoscopy in 1978, approximately a three-fold increase over five years previously. National mortality from UGI bleeding decreased approximately 40 percent between 1968 and 1977, but data are inadequate to infer a relationship to increased use of endoscopy. Suggestions for further research are specified. PMID- 6985343 TI - Thymocytolytic autoantibodies elicited by immunization of mice with chemically induced sarcoma and leukemia cells. PMID- 6985342 TI - [Comparative study of the lepromin reaction performed on medical students and on a control group]. AB - The lepromin test was studied in 64 medical students and in a control group consisted of 40 patients from the orthopedic clinic. Both groups matched with respect to age and sex, but differed with regard to socio-economical conditions. The Fernandez reaction showed low frequency of positive results in both groups: 10% in the first group and 5,6% in the second one. This difference was not significant. The Mitsuda reaction showed high frequency of positive results: 98,4% in the medical students and 85,0% in the control group. This difference was significant. The authors discuss the factors that might have caused the high positivity of the lepromin test among the medical students. PMID- 6985344 TI - Golgi studies on Purkinje cell development in the frog during spontaneous metamorphosis. III. Axonal development. AB - The development and organization of Purkinje cell axons and their collaterals was studied in the bullfrog using the Golgi-Kopsch method. In the tadpole, axonal collaterals are few and usually unbranched. In the adult, however, intracortical axonal collaterals of Purkinje cells are more numerous, and they form a meager supraganglionic plexus and a more extensive infraganglionic plexus. In contrast to the pattern seen in higher vertebrates, these plexuses have a tendency to be distributed along the length of the cerebellar plate in both tadpoles and froglets. In addition, collateral branches that form intracortical plexuses apparently increase throughout the course of cerebellar development in this species. PMID- 6985346 TI - [Muscle polarization analysis using 2 exponential functions]. PMID- 6985345 TI - [Clinical use and evaluation of 9,3"-di-0-acetyl midecamycin (MOM) in oral surgery]. PMID- 6985347 TI - [Electric resistance and inductance of bone]. PMID- 6985348 TI - T and B cells and occupational exposure to benzene and its homologues (with regard to other blood cells). AB - In 106 workers (47 women and 59 men) having occupational contact with organic solvents containing benzene and its homologues during 1 to 122 months the quantitative evaluation of the white blood cell and the platelet system has been performed. In workers having longer time of service than 55 months the decreased T and the "non-T, non-B" lymphocyte count as well as increased counts of monocytes in the peripheral blood have been stated. Furthermore, the negative correlation between the T cell numbers and the exposure time has been stated what indicates the practical value of the E rosette test in evaluation of early biological effects of occupational exposure to solvents containing benzene, toluene and xylene. According to the authors' opinion a depressive effect of benzene and its homologues on the T cell-dependent immunity suggests an alternative mechanism of cancerogenic activity of that compounds via the immune system. The toxic effect of organic solvents containing benzene and its homologues on blood forming organs is among other reflected in quantitative alterations of the white blood cells and the platelet systems (6, 17). In workers occupationally exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene neutropenia (1, 2, 6, 17), eosinophilia (2), basophilia (2), monocytosis (14) and both lymphocytosis and lymphocytopenia (3, 14) has been observed. The occupational contact with above compounds may also results in thrombocytopenia (11, 12) or qualitative changes in platelets resembling that noted in patients with the Glanzman thrombasthenia (4). PMID- 6985349 TI - cAMP-dependent protein kinase II interactions with nuclei derived from rat mammary tumor. AB - cAMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine heart exhibited significant interactions with nuclei from rat mammary tumors. These enzyme-nuclear interactions occurred when the intact holoenzyme was preincubated with 10 nM cAMP, 1 mM MgATP at 24 degrees C to produce high-affinity monophasic cAMP dissociation kinetics. The enzyme-nuclear interactions are correlated with the loss of cAMP and PO4 from the purified enzyme. The data indicate that the high affinity cAMP-dependent protein kinase II exhibits significant nuclear interaction which may be related to cAMP function in rat mammary tumors. PMID- 6985350 TI - Immunology of tonsils and adenoids--an update. PMID- 6985351 TI - The role of the thymus in immune response. PMID- 6985353 TI - Autoinduction of differentiation in myeloid leukemic cells: restoration of normal coupling between growth and differentiation in leukemic cells that constitutively produce their own growth-inducing protein. AB - Growth and differentiation of normal myeloid haematopoietic cells are regulated by a family of macrophage- and granulocyte-inducing (MGI) proteins. Some of these proteins (MGI-1) induce cell growth and others (MGI-2) induce cell differentiation. Addition of MGI-1 to normal myeloid cells induces growth and also induces the endogenous production of MGI-2. This induction of differentiation-inducing protein by growth-inducing protein then ensures the coupling between growth and differentiation found in normal cells. There are myeloid leukemic cells that constitutively produce their own MGI-1, but the cells do not differentiate in culture medium containing horse or calf serum. By removing serum from the medium, or in medium with mouse or rat serum, these leukemic cells are induced to differentiate to mature cells, which like normal mature cells, then no longer multiply. Leukemic cells with constitutive production of MGI-1 continuously cultured in serum-free medium with transferrin were also induced to differentiate by removing transferrin. This induction of differentiation was in all these cases associated with the endogenous production of MGI-2 by the cells. The results indicate that changes in specific constituents of the culture medium can result in autoinduction of differentiation in these leukemic cells due to restoration of the induction of MGI-2 by MGI-1, which then restores the normal coupling of growth and differentiation. PMID- 6985352 TI - Recurrent idiotopes and internal images. AB - A rabbit was immunized with rabbit immunoglobulins of a different allotype. The anti-allotypic antibodies produced by this rabbit were used to immunize a second rabbit which produced anti-idiotypic antibodies. To explain the occurrence, among these anti-idiotypic antibodies, of "internal images" of the original immunizing allotype, a restricted and a more general hypothesis are developed. The first assumes that B-cells can be triggered when idiotopes on their receptor molecules are recognized by the paratopes of the immunizing antibody. The second denies the existence of a specially constructed combining site on the variable domain of an antibody molecule. PMID- 6985354 TI - The influence of cadmium chloride on activity of T-lymphocytes and protein fractions in laboratory rats. PMID- 6985355 TI - Differentiation of Ob17 preadipocytes to adipocytes: requirement of adipose conversion factor(s) for fat cell cluster formation. AB - An active fraction present in fetal calf serum (adipose conversion factor(s) or ACF) controls the formation of fat cell clusters observed during the adipose conversion of Ob17 cells. This conclusion is based upon microscopic examinations, autoradiographic experiments, and activity levels of characteristic enzyme markers. ACF has no effect on the doubling time of exponentially-growing cells but is required in the first few days of the resting phase. ACF has been partially purified; it is a low mol. wt. component (less than 6000-8000), proteas -insensitive, thermostable at neutral pH but not at strongly acidic pH. An active fraction recovered from bovine pituitary extract shows properties similar to those of ACF. Therefore, ACF plays the role of a mitogenic factor specific for cells susceptible to conversion to adipose cells. PMID- 6985356 TI - A novel mRNA and a low molecular weight polypeptide encoded in the transforming region of adenovirus DNA. AB - Immunoprecipitation was used to identify adenovirus type 2 (ad2) tumor antigens synthesized in vivo. The antisera, prepared from tumor-bearing animals, reacted with a wide spectrum of ad2 early proteins including a 11 000-dalton (11 K) polypeptide. The gene for this polypeptide was mapped to the transforming region of the viral genome by hybridization selection followed by in vitro translation and immunoprecipitation. Hybrid arrest translation revealed that the 11 K RNA was transcribed from the leftward reading strand (1-strand) in contrast to other mRNAs from this region. Sucrose gradient analysis of the selected 11 K mRNA revealed that the size of the mRNA was 20S corresponding to approximately 2000 nucleotides. Novel 1-strand transcripts of this length from the transforming region were identified by S1 endonuclease analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that both strands of the transforming region of ad2 DNA are actively transcribed into functional mRNA early after viral infection. PMID- 6985358 TI - An examination of tumor antigen loss in spontaneous metastases. AB - Metastases arising from a subcutaneous injection of the DBA/2 tumor, MDAY-D2, as well as four drug-resistant variants (either wheat germ agglutinin-resistant, ouabain-resistant, or both, i.e., WGAR/OuaR) of MDAY-D2, were examined for the presence of a tumor-associated antigen (TAA). Of 15 mice examined, tumor antigen loss variants were detected in only 1 animal. These antigen-loss metastases arose in a mouse injected with the WGAR variant called MDW4. The tumor at the site of inoculation retained the TAA, whereas all four of the metastases removed from liver, spleen and other tissues were antigen-loss variants. The antigen-loss variants were not killed by cytotoxic T cells (CTL) directed against the TAA of the parental tumor, did not competitively inhibit CTL lysis of MDW4 targets in a 'cold target' inhibition test, and were not able to elicit a CTL response. In vivo immunization-protection (challenge) experiments also showed that the metastases did not express the TAA of MDAY-D2. Unlike the WGAR phenotypes, which were lost in all spontaneous metastases recovered from MDW4-injected mice, loss of the TAA appeared to be an uncommon event. Antigen-loss tumor cell variants are discussed in terms of their relevance to metastasis, and in regard to their use in the study of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cell populations. PMID- 6985357 TI - Phosphorylation of specific sites in the gag-myc polyproteins encoded by MC29 type viruses correlates with their transforming ability. AB - The putative transforming proteins of the four acute leukaemia viruses belonging to the MC29 subgroup were shown to be phosphorylated in vivo. Comparison of the MC29 and CM11 encoded phosphoproteins revealed identical tryptic phosphopeptide maps, with both the gag and myc domains being phosphorylated. In contrast, the MH2 phosphoprotein was only phosphorylated on the gag domain. Analysis of partial transformation-defective MC29 deletion mutants revealed that the deletions had removed the v-myc specific phosphopeptides. Phosphoamino acid analysis showed that these deleted phosphopeptides were phosphorylated on threonine. Moreover, a back mutant that had regained transforming ability had regained these phosphopeptides. These studies correlate the phosphorylation of the gag-myc protein with the transformation capability of the virus. PMID- 6985359 TI - [The effect of vestibular excitation on the behavior of critical fusion frequency of light stimuli in normal subjects]. PMID- 6985360 TI - Value of the noninvasive polygraphic tracing in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 6985361 TI - Interaction of wheat monomeric and dimeric protein inhibitors with alpha-amylase from yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L. larva). AB - The highly purified alpha-amylase from Tenebrio molitor L. larva (yellow mealworm) reversibly combines with two closely related homogeneous glycoprotein inhibitors, one dimeric (termed 'inhibitor 0.19') and one monomeric (termed 'inhibitor 0.28'), from wheat flour. As established by means of difference spectroscopy and kinetic studies, molar combining ratios for the amylase- inhibitor-0.19 and amylase-inhibitor-0.28 complexes were 1:1 and 1:2 respectively. Two amylase--inhibitor-0.19 complexes with slightly different retention volumes on Bio-Gel P-300 and only one amylase--inhibitor-0.28 complex were observed. Dissociation constants of the amylase--inhibitor-0.19 and amylase- inhibitor-0.28 complexes were 0.85 nM and 0.13 nM respectively. A strong tendency of both complexes to precipitate under an ultracentrifugal field was observed; the minimum molecular weight calculated for the two complexes under such conditions was approx. 95 000. The two complexes showed difference spectra indicating involvement of structurally related or identical tryptophyl side chains in the binding of inhibitors 0.28 and 0.19 to the amylase. A model summarizing the main features of the inhibition of the insect amylase by the two wheat protein inhibitors is proposed. PMID- 6985362 TI - Dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric complexes of immunoglobulin G fix complement. AB - The binding of pure dimers, trimers and tetramers of randomly cross-linked non immune rabbit immunoglobulin G to the first component and subcomponent of the complement system, C1 and C1q respectively, was studied. These oligomers possessed open linear structures. All three oligomers fixed complement with decreasing affinity in the order: tetramer, trimer, dimer. Complement fixation by dimeric immunoglobulin exhibited the strongest concentration-dependence. No clear distinction between a non-co-operative and a co-operative binding mechanism could be achieved, although the steepness of the complement-fixation curves for dimers and trimers was better reflected by the co-operative mechanism. Intrinsic binding constants were about 10(6)M-1 for dimers, 10(7)M-1 for trimers and 3 X 10(9)M-1 for tetramers, assuming non-co-operative binding. The data are consistent with a maximum valency of complement component C1 for immunoglobulin G protomers in the range 6-18. The binding of dimers to purified complement subcomponent C1q was demonstrated by sedimentation-velocity ultracentrifugation. Mild reduction of the complexes by dithioerythritol caused the immunoglobulin to revert to the monomeric state (S20,w = 6.2-6.5S) with concomitant loss of complement-fixing ability. PMID- 6985364 TI - [Surgical treatment and anesthesiologic management of coronaropathy associated with carotid stenosis]. PMID- 6985365 TI - Gastrointestinal blood loss after intake of benoxaprofen. AB - In order to study gastrointestinal irritation caused by the intake of Benoxaprofen, blood loss in stools before and after intake of the drug was measured by labelling red blood cells with 51Cr. The results were compared with previous studies in which the same method was used to determine fecal blood loss after intake of other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Anti-inflammatory drugs inhibiting prostaglandin synthetase caused abnormal fecal blood loss in 20 to 60% of the patients. Benoxaprofen which is a weak prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor and acts on the leukotrienes, entailed no abnormal fecal blood loss. It was concluded that with respect to microbleeding, Benoxaprofen had no harmful effect on the gastrointestinal tract in this population. PMID- 6985363 TI - [Electric therapy of ventricular hyperkinetic arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarct associated with a defect of conduction subjected to temporary stimulation]. PMID- 6985366 TI - The effects of temperature on ferritin transport by endothelial cell vesicles in the capillaries of the frog mesentery. AB - Using electron microscopy we have determined the appearance of ferritin in the endothelial cell vesicles of frog mesenteric capillaries after varying periods of exposure of the luminal surface of the cell to a ferritin solution, at 17-20 degrees C and at 4-7 degrees C. At 17-20 degrees C, the pattern of labelling observed in the absence of flow through the capillary is very similar to that previously described by us in continuously perfused capillaries [1]. Some vesicles are labelled after the shortest exposures (less than 1 sec) and labelling increases with exposure to reach steady values at 40-60 s. At 4-6 degrees C, a similar initial level of labelling is observed. There is, however, no further increase in labelling as the period of exposure is increased. The effect of temperature on the uptake and transfer of ferritin by the endothelial cell vesicles is consistent with our previous view. We suggest that the cavities of the rapidly labelling vesicles communicate directly with the capillary lumen [1], and their labelling should be unaffected at low temperatures. The secondary, slow rise in labelling, we suggested, resulted from fusions of adjacent vesicles and we would expect this process to be abolished at low temperature. PMID- 6985368 TI - Shift work in women and in elderly persons. PMID- 6985367 TI - The effect of shift work on cellular immune function. PMID- 6985369 TI - [Factors influencing the recurrence of angina and the clinical picture of surgical patients after aortocoronary bypass. Study 4 to 7 years after intervention]. PMID- 6985370 TI - Reiter's syndrome--1982. PMID- 6985371 TI - Antirheumatic drugs and macrophage function: effects on tumour cell growth in vitro. AB - The ability of the antirheumatic drugs D-penicillamine, chloroquine and levamisole to modify macrophage-mediated inhibition of tumour cell growth in vitro was investigated. Increasing numbers of rat peritoneal macrophages were cocultured with a fixed number of ascites hepatoma AH-13 rat tumour cells. Tumour cell growth was assessed as the uptake of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) by AH-13 cells at the end of a 24 h period of coculture with macrophages treated in vitro or in vivo with the various drugs. In vitro, preincubation of macrophages with D penicillamine or chloroquine (50 - 250 micrograms/ml) increased tumour cell 3H TdR incorporation, compared to cultures with untreated macrophages. Macrophages from rats treated with D-penicillamine or chloroquine (50 mg/kg/day orally) for 4 days similarly increased tumour cell 3H-TdR incorporation, compared to cultures with macrophages from untreated rats. These effects persisted for at least 3 to 4 weeks of treatment. Preincubation with levamisole (10 - 100 micrograms/ml) in vitro had no effect on macrophage-mediated inhibition of tumour cells, whereas increased tumour cell 3H-TdR incorporation was observed in cultures with macrophages from rats treated with levamisole (5 mg/kg/day orally) in vivo. Macrophages from rats with experimentally induced chronic inflammation, i.e. adjuvant arthritis, were found to increase tumour cell 3H-TdR incorporation, compared to macrophages from nonarthritic rats. This trend was further enhanced by treatment with D-penicillamine, chloroquine or levamisole. PMID- 6985372 TI - Eular Workshop on Rheumatology Research. Noordwijkerhout, February 19 82. Abstracts. PMID- 6985374 TI - [Electrostimulatory control of pain in the treatment of caries and tooth pulp diseases]. PMID- 6985373 TI - Chronic active hepatitis with high level of anti-ds-DNA detected by a solid phase radioimmunoassay. AB - A case of chronic active hepatitis with arthralgia in a 72-year-old woman was diagnosed on the basis of biological and histological findings. High levels of anti-ds-DNA usually considered specific for systemic lupus erythematosus were detected by a very sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6985375 TI - [Purification of folinic acid by preparative high pressure chromatography]. PMID- 6985376 TI - [The problem of drugs in Lombardy: analytical and epidemiological contributions]. PMID- 6985377 TI - Ibuprofen-induced meningitis in mixed connective tissue disease. AB - A young Black woman with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) developed an aseptic meningitis after receiving ibuprofen. The meningeal reaction, reported infrequently in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and only once previously in MCTD, was characterized by a predominantly polymorphonuclear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and depression of CSF glucose. Reversible renal insufficiency also occurred. Features suggestive of a hypersensitivity reaction included pruritus, conjunctivitis, facial oedema, desquamation of the palms and soles, and subsequent near total alopecia. Meningeal signs responded rapidly to systemic corticosteroid therapy. Patients with MCTD as well as those with SLE may be at peculiar risk of developing this uncommon reaction to ibuprofen. PMID- 6985378 TI - Lymphocyte studies in a patient with neurological complications of Behcet's syndrome. AB - We rapport here a case of Behcet's disease presenting with neurological complications who made a remarkable recovery to high dose steroids and azathioprine. Prior to initiation of steroid therapy the percentage of T lymphocytes (OKT3) was low, that of helper T lymphocytes (OKT4) was normal and suppressor T lymphocytes (OKT8) was slightly increased. The OKT4: OKT8 ratio was slightly reduced and the percentage of B lymphocytes was high. With steroid therapy there was an increase in the percentage of OKT3 and fall in the percentages of OKT4 and OKT8 and the OKT4: OKT8 ratio was maintained fairly normal. The percentage of B lymphocytes was reduced. On addition of azathioprine the percentage of OKT3 and OKT8 were substantially increased and the percentage of OKT4 was slightly increased. The net result was a significant reduction in the OKT4: OKT8 ratio. The percentage of B lymphocytes remained normal. On reviewing the absolute counts there was a paradoxical rise in OKT4 and OKT8 a week after high dose steroid therapy due to a substantial rise in the total number of lymphocytes. On reducing the dose of steroids the absolute count of OKT4 and OKT8 decreased in parallel with their percentages. A disparity was noted in the percentage of OKT3 and the sum of the percentages of OKT4 and OKT8, prior to commencement of therapy which was significantly reduced after treatment. It is likely that this disparity is due to the presence of doubly labelled cells (cortical thymocytes) released into circulation prematurely. PMID- 6985380 TI - Why hybridomas? PMID- 6985379 TI - Immunological parameters in gastric cancer patients treated with immunotherapy of streptococcal preparation OK-432. PMID- 6985383 TI - [Atypical forms of Fallot's tetralogy]. PMID- 6985382 TI - [Loss of vitamin C during hemodialysis with respect to the permeability of nitrogenous substances]. PMID- 6985384 TI - The consequences of inescapable shocking: sensitization and motor depression. PMID- 6985381 TI - Utility of monoclonal antibodies in the immunologic phenotyping of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Peripheral blood and/or bone marrow lymphoblasts from 34 children and 11 adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were evaluated with a monoclonal anti-Ia antibody and a monoclonal anti-pan T-cell antibody (T101) specific for a 65,000 dalton T-cell antigen (T65). Seventy-six per cent of cases were Ia+T65-, 20% were Ia-T65+ and the remaining 4% were Ia-T65-. Anti-Ia and T101 reactivity were mutually exclusive and no Ia+T65+ cases were identified. In childhood ALL, the Ia+T65- phenotype was associated with good prognostic factors and longer median disease-free survival than Ia-T65+ patients whose clinical parameters resembled those characteristic of high-risk T-cell ALL. Included in the Ia-T65+ group were three E-rosette negative cases with clinical features of T-cell disease. Our findings compare favorably with the results of other investigators utilizing polyclonal antisera and suggest that these monoclonal antibodies, which offer the advantages of monospecific standardized reagents, will prove useful in the immunologic characterization of ALL. PMID- 6985385 TI - Dopaminergic mechanisms and genetic factors in blood pressure regulation. PMID- 6985386 TI - Spiropent in the treatment of reversible airways obstruction. PMID- 6985387 TI - [Visual evoked potentials in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6985389 TI - [Organization of work at the department of pediatric neurosurgery]. PMID- 6985388 TI - [Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarct using cardiac scintigraphy]. PMID- 6985390 TI - [Immunodeficiency states in children (a cohort from 1975-81)]. PMID- 6985391 TI - [The fate of neonates and infants with obstructive biliary syndrome. Retrospective studies 1964-1980]. PMID- 6985392 TI - [Reaction of HeLa cells to the presence of the lacquer Evicrol Varnish]. PMID- 6985393 TI - Effects of levamisole on immunity in patients with gynecological carcinoma. PMID- 6985394 TI - [Adjuvant chemotherapy of malignant bone tumors at the Orthopedic Clinic in Hradci Kralove]. PMID- 6985395 TI - [Cervicobrachialgia in patients with the carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 6985396 TI - [The effect of age and sex on the pharmacokinetics of sulfadimidine in rats]. PMID- 6985397 TI - [A micromethod for the determination of reductase activity in human neutrophilic leukocytes--MIKRO-INT]. PMID- 6985398 TI - Comparative examinations with Pelsonin and Indometacin by double blind method in patients suffering from locomotor diseases. PMID- 6985399 TI - Interleukins for B lymphocytes. PMID- 6985401 TI - Lymphotoxins: a multicomponent system of cell-lytic lymphocyte-released effector molecules. PMID- 6985400 TI - Characterization of B-cell growth factor. PMID- 6985402 TI - B cell-specific immunoregulatory factors: development of bioassays for growth and differentiation-promoting activities. PMID- 6985405 TI - First French workshop on standardization of human IL-2: joint report. PMID- 6985404 TI - Is coronary arteriography indicated in asymptomatic patients after a myocardial infarction? PMID- 6985403 TI - [Myocardial revascularization using mammary-coronary anastomosis. Critical analysis of immediate and late results]. PMID- 6985406 TI - The response to Schistosoma mansoni of infected mice and non-infected mice following parabiosis. II--Immunological aspects. PMID- 6985407 TI - [Isolation and characterization of influenza virus type A, in ornamental birds, in Rio de Janeiro]. PMID- 6985408 TI - [Search for antibodies against human influenza virus in swine]. PMID- 6985409 TI - [African swine plague: study of viral resistance to the action of crystal violet]. PMID- 6985410 TI - [Influenza A, isolation and characterization of virus isolated from wild birds]. PMID- 6985411 TI - [Ultramicroscopic observations of African swine plague virus in swine erythrocytes]. PMID- 6985412 TI - Experimental observations on the cross-reactivity of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 and human thyroid tissue. PMID- 6985413 TI - [Plant hormones and microorganisms]. PMID- 6985414 TI - [Anesthesia in a patient suffering from severe conduction disorders]. PMID- 6985415 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in a population of subjects seropositive for rheumatoid factor]. AB - The level of immune complexes has been detected with the C1q binding test in 179 subjects positive by Latex agglutination test (titre greater than 1/20). The average of C1q binding was 5.36%, significantly higher than in 30 normal blood donors. A positive correlation was observed between the percent of C1q binding and, respectively, the titre of the latex test and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Of the 36 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 16 (45.7%) showed an high level of C1q binding activity (greater than 5%), as well as 4 of the 8 patients with chronic hepatitis (50%) and 11 of the 31 patients with infectious diseases. No immune complexes were detected among the 11 healthy latex positive subjects. PMID- 6985416 TI - [Association of serum tumor markers in solid neoplasms (CEA, ferritin, alpha 1 antitrypsin, parathormone and calcitonin)]. AB - The Authors have tested serum levels of CEA, ferritin, Alpha-1-antitrypsin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) in 286 patients affected by lung, gastrointestinal, breast and other kinds of cancer and by non neoplastic diseases. 50 healthy subjects were tested as matched controls too. None of the tested patients was subjected to blood transfusion, therapy with iron, radio- or chemotherapy before the blood drawing. Cea, ferritin, PTH and CT were tested by radioimmunoassay; AAT by laser nephelometry. All the healthy subjects showed serum levels of the markers in the normal ranges. Also the percent of cases with contemporaneous pathological markers was examined. The obtained data have been statistically controlled with "chi square" test. The results show that CEA, ferritin, AAT and CT are higher in the tumor groups than in the others. On the contrary PTH seems to be not useful as tumor marker. The Authors conclude affirming that it is not possible to use any of the tested substances as a specific tumor marker but it is useful to test at the same time these markers in the patients suspected to be affected by cancer for an early diagnosis and therapy, as there are few false positive and false negative cases. PMID- 6985417 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst manifesting as massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6985418 TI - Effect of nuclear magnetic resonance on early stages of amphibian development. AB - Frog spermatozoa, fertilized eggs (during second meiotic division), and embryos (during cleavage) were subjected separately to 30 MHz continuous wave NMR exposure in a static magnetic field of 7.05 kG for 20 min and were compared to unexposed groups, at similar stages, with respect to damage in genetic material, interference with meiotic cell division, and impairment in the development of embryos. No significant differences were observed following treatment suggesting that NMR exposure, at the dose used, does not cause detectable adverse effects in this amphibian. PMID- 6985419 TI - HL-A antigen in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - The association between Sjogren's syndrome and the HL-A system is still a matter of controversy, because there are conflicting data as to whether this syndrome is linked with HL-A B8 and Dw3. In an attempt to study this possible linkage, a survey of HL-A antigens among a homogenous group of East European (Ashkenazi) Jews was undertaken. The tissue typing of 30 patients with sicca syndrome (SS), 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome (RASS), and 80 healthy controls of the same ethnic group was analyzed. Neither sicca syndrome nor rheumatoid arthritis with Sjogren's syndrome was associated with HL-A B8 or any other antigen. The difference between our results and previous studies is discussed. PMID- 6985420 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy and unhealthy newborn babies. AB - The Authors report the data of a study of lymphocyte subpopulations (T lymphocytes as rosette forming cells, B lymphocytes as surface immunoglobulin bearing cells, Ea cells as active rosette forming cells, EAC cells, with a receptor for complement, and EA cells, with a receptor for Fc fragment) in venous blood of a group of newborn babies including at term and preterm subjects and babies with and without bacterial infections. A group of healthy adults was also examined as control. Main findings were the following: a) in the group of newborn babies with infection the number of lymphocytes/microliter was higher as compared to that of newborn babies without infections and of adult controls; b) the percentage of T lymphocytes was significantly lower in the two groups of newborn but the absolute number was comparable; c) active rosette forming cells behaved as T lymphocytes; d) absolute number of B lymphocytes was significantly higher in newborn babies with infection as compared to newborn babies without infection and adult controls; e) newborn with infections showed also higher absolute number of EA rosette; f) EAC rosette behaved as T lymphocytes and active rosette forming cells. The increase of B lymphocytes in babies with infection is interpreted as an acceleration of the maturation of lymphocyte populations toward the pattern of older ages. The increase of EA rosette forming cells is tentatively interpreted as an increase of K lymphocytes fostered by infection. PMID- 6985421 TI - [Immunological parameters in subjects with essential arterial hypertension. II. Serological observations]. AB - M, G, and A immunoglobulins as well as C3 and C4 complement fractions were determined in 20 patients with essential hypertension: all the values were in the normal range. Nearly half of the patients had an abnormally high value of circulating immune complexes as determined with Clq binding assay and/or with CIC test. The rise of circulating immune complexes is not related to the stage of arterial hypertension. PMID- 6985422 TI - Radioimmunoassay detection of IgM antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen in HBsAg liver disease. AB - A radioimmunoassay is described for detection of IgM antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen. The assay is based on the selective absorption of IgM immunoglobulins from test serum by anti-IgM fixed on a solid phase, followed by incubation with HBcAg and radiolabeled anti-HBc of IgG type. IgM anti-HBc was found in high titers in all the patients with acute hepatitis B; in two of four patients whose acute hepatitis progressed to chronicity, IgM anti- HBc disappeared in 4-6 months despite continuing HB viremia. IgM anti-HBc was also found in low titers in 19% of the patients with chronic HBV infection. No relation was noted between the presence of IgM anti-HBc and clinical or serological categories of chronic carriers of the HBsAg. The antibody was not found in carriers with hepatitis caused by superinfection with the hepatitis A virus or the HBV-associated delta agent. IgM anti-HBc is a marker of a recent HBV infection. Its absence in HBsAg-positive individuals with acute hepatitis should rise suspicion that the patients are carriers of the HBsAg experiencing disease caused by factors other than the HBV. PMID- 6985424 TI - The hand. The hand in rheumatology. PMID- 6985423 TI - [Electrophoretic mobility in acute null cell lymphoblastic leukemia]. AB - The electrophoretic mobility (E.M.) (evaluated by cytopherometer) of human normal lymphocytes, shows a group of cells with a fast mobility, identifiable as T lymphocytes, and a second group with a slow mobility which can be characterized as B lymphocytes. Six cases of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia characterized by negativity of immunological markers and classified as "Null Cells", and ten cases of B cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia were studied in order to investigate the E.M. behaviour of leukaemic cells and so a comparison with T and B normal lymphocytes migration. The blasts of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia show a E.M. nearly similar to the fast group of normal lymphocytes, while lymphocytes of the B cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia migrate as the slow component of normal lymphocytes. The possibility of the utilization of cell E.M. in addition to immunological and cytochemical data, into the characterization of Acute Leukaemias is suggested. PMID- 6985426 TI - [Effect of rescue treatment with high doses of methotrexate (MTX) followed by leucovorin (LV) on neoplastic cells (HeLa line) and normal sensitized peripheral lymphocytes]. AB - Employing the pharmacologic simulator under time lapse microcinematography described elsewhere, the authors study in this work the rescue treatment with high doses of methotrexate (MTX) followed by leucovorin rescue 6 and 24 hours after MTX addition. The experiments were done on mixed cultures of HeLa cells and HeLa cell-sensitized human lymphoblasts. MTX alone produces an extensive cell degeneration, that is never complete, 2300 micrograms/ml leucovorin have no toxic effect neither upon HeLa cells nor lymphoblasts. Higher amounts of leucovorin stimulate the growth of the neoplastic cells, but the lymphoblasts are not affected. Leucovorin added 6 or 24 hours after MTX inhibits the mitotic activity completely for 54 to 62 hours. Neoplastic cells death rate is never higher than 20 per 100. Lymphoblasts die much earlier reaching 50 per 100 after 50-58 hours. Cell degeneration is accompanied by large morphological and morphodynamic modifications. Rescue treatment in vitro, under condition simulating in vivo kinetics of the drugs is not able to eliminate the cancer cells. Actually, leucovorin stimulates the growth of the neoplastic cells and rescues great part of them out from the G0 state into the active cell cycle when leucovorin is added 6 or 24 hours after MTX administration, no growth stimulus is observed and the rescue effect is not produced; in the case of the lymphoblasts this is due to the fact that highest toxic of MTX on them takes place during the second elimination phase of the drug. PMID- 6985427 TI - [Analysis of the escape of tumor P1798(SC) from immunologic control in hybrid mice (Balb/c X AKR)F1 (BAF1)]. AB - Expression of tumoral antigens and their masking by sialic acids were studied. Tumour with greater content in sialic acid [P1798(sc)] can surpass the histocompatibility barrier. Furthermore, removal of sialic acid residues from membrane by neuramidase treatment results in a retarded or inhibited tumoral growth. These results suggest an antigenic masking by sialic acids. On the other hand, in the anti-P1798(sc) humoral response are involved two antigens, at least, also expressed by syngeneic hepatocytes and thymocytes, as demonstrated by cytotoxicity assays. PMID- 6985425 TI - [Fetal defects caused by the passive consumption of drugs]. AB - The neuroactive drugs taken by pregnant women have two principals side effects: a teratogenic effects and a postnatal withdrawal effect. Three are the characteristic syndromes: the hydantoin-barbiturate syndrome, the trimethadione paramethadione syndrome, the fetal alcohol syndrome. The prenatal exposure to heroine and to morphine interfere mainly with the cerebral development. Drug addiction, like postnatale withdrawal syndrome, are mainly due to passive exposure to drug narcotic (heroine, methadone), to sedative-hypnotic agents (barbiturates Diazepam Chlordiazepoxide) and to alcohol. The cigarette smoke is responsible for third group of side effects, namely for the reduced fetal growth and for the premature labor. No side effects on the human fetus were observed due to abuse of coffee or to use of marihuana during pregnancy. PMID- 6985428 TI - [Changes in lymphoblastic transformation in preleukemic AKR/J mice]. AB - The authors investigate the efficacy of the immune system along the AKR/J mouse life span. They employ the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphoblastic transformation test. The response is compared with the immune response obtained in BALB/C mice of the corresponding age. The blastic transformation was significatively lower at 15, 25 and 35 weeks in the AKR/J mouse than in the BALB/C mouse. At the age of 45 weeks the AKR/J mouse shows an increased proportion of lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen, a weight increase of these organs, and an augmented lymphoblastic transformation in response to PHA. This phenomena are not observed in the BALB/C mouse. When macrophages are removed from the lymphocytes preparation, the PHA-induced blastic transformation of lymphocytes is not produced at any age in either AKR/J or BALB/C mice strains. PMID- 6985429 TI - [Studies on the serum alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) in healthy people and patients with respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6985430 TI - Cell surface alteration in dissociated frog urinary bladder epithelial cells. PMID- 6985431 TI - [Factors influencing the recurrence of angina and the clinical picture of aortocoronary bypass patients. Follow-up study 4-7 years after the intervention]. PMID- 6985432 TI - Traces of toxicity: applications of the scanning proton microprobe. PMID- 6985433 TI - [Electric therapy of hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmia in subjects with acute myocardial infarct associated with conduction disorders subjected to temporary stimulation]. PMID- 6985435 TI - [Post-perfusion myocardiopathy with severe deficiency of the cardiac function after heart surgery: effects of aortic counterpulsation]. PMID- 6985434 TI - [Determination of C-reactive protein in heart surgery: importance of postoperative monitoring of complications]. PMID- 6985437 TI - An analysis of psychological and sociological ambivalence: nonadherence to courses of action prescribed by health-care professionals. PMID- 6985436 TI - Fisher's "reproductive value" as an economic specimen in Merton's zoo. PMID- 6985438 TI - [A study of the clinical feature of antipyretic-analgesic-induced asthma]. PMID- 6985439 TI - [Typologic analysis of comparative effects of tobacco and Pi phenotype on the respiratory function]. AB - Seven hundred and fourty-eight subjects from the general population were included in a transversal epidemiologic survey. The aim was the determination of a possible relationship between functional profile and Pi phenotype. Seric levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) and phenotypes were determined in all subjects. All underwent clinical examination, chest X-ray and functional tests (flow-volume curves and single breath nitrogen test). Distribution of the various phenotypes appeared similar to those described in other studies. No homozygote Z was found. Typologic analysis allowed identification of 7 functional profiles, among which 3 were normal and 4 had various levels of obstruction. The comparison between functional impairment and the phenotypes or smoking habits showed that smoking played the major part in the onset of obstructive disease. Mean age of the population surveyed was however rather low, which led to questions about rapidity of onset of chronic obstructive lung disease. This survey thus will lead to a longitudinal study. PMID- 6985440 TI - Complement activation during normal pregnancy. PMID- 6985445 TI - The use and abuse of licit drugs in rural families. PMID- 6985441 TI - Positron brain imaging--normal patterns and asymmetries. AB - Regional brain physiology was investigated in 11 normal resting right-handed subjects using positron emission tomography. Cerebral blood flow was studied in all subjects. Cerebral oxygen metabolism was studied in six subjects, and cerebral glucose metabolism was also studied in one subject. In five subjects, physiological activity was higher in left frontotemporal regions than right. These findings may be related to structural cerebral asymmetries or to activation of brain language centers. PMID- 6985446 TI - Trends in the age of onset of narcotic addiction. PMID- 6985447 TI - The stepping-stone hypothesis--marijuana, heroin, and causality. PMID- 6985448 TI - Trimethoprim: mechanisms of action, antimicrobial activity, bacterial resistance, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and therapeutic indications. AB - Trimethoprim has recently been marketed as a single-entity product for the treatment of initial episodes of uncomplicated symptomatic urinary tract infections; it was previously available only in combination with sulfamethoxazole. Trimethoprim exerts antimicrobial activity by blocking the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, the active form of folic acid, by susceptible organisms. It has inhibitory activity for most gram-positive aerobic cocci and some gram-negative aerobic bacilli. Resistance to trimethoprim may be either intrinsic or acquired. Acquired resistance most commonly stems from a chromosomal mutation that results in the production of a dihydrofolate reductase enzyme which is less vulnerable to trimethoprim inhibition. Gastrointestinal intolerance and skin eruptions are the most common untoward reactions resulting from the administration of trimethoprim. Trimethoprim constitutes very effective therapy for women with acute symptomatic urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, and the compound compares favorably with alternative standard agents, such as ampicillin and cephalexin. The safety of trimethoprim in the pregnant woman has not been established. Since indiscriminate use of trimethoprim could foster the emergence of trimethoprim resistance, thereby negating the value of both trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim should only be prescribed for well defined indications. Trimethoprim is currently being investigated as definitive therapy for a wide range of infections, including bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia, and typhoid fever. Initial reports are encouraging. PMID- 6985450 TI - Transcatheter therapy in the angiographic suite. AB - To date, selective angiography is one of the best methods used to evaluate the presence and location of abdominal visceral arterial injury and hemorrhage. The rapid advancement of angiographic techniques and equipment has brought about the need for experienced and knowledgeable technologists. It is imperative that the technologist understand the underlying principles of the techniques and equipment so that he or she may perform with the utmost efficiency. PMID- 6985449 TI - Intravenous sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim: pharmacokinetics, therapeutic indications, and adverse reactions. AB - Biogenesis of tetrahydrofolate cofactors essential for bacterial growth and survival is blocked by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. An intravenous form of the antimicrobial combination has recently been approved for the treatment of acute, symptomatic, bacterial pyelonephritis, recurrent urinary tract infections, shigellosis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Intravenous sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim has emerged as an invaluable agent for the management of selected infections, including bacterial meningitis and Salmonella bacteremia, where limited therapeutic alternatives exist. In addition, co-administration of intravenous sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with a carboxypenicillin provides an empiric treatment for the infected granulocytopenic patient that compares favorably with standard combinations. Adverse events unique to the intravenous form of the drug consist of phlebitis and fluid imbalances. Fluid overload results from the relatively large volumes of 5% dextrose solution required as diluent. PMID- 6985451 TI - Diabetes and pregnancy in South Carolina: prevalence, perinatal mortality, and neonatal morbidity in 1978. AB - Through retrospective analysis of vital records and hospital discharge data, this study examines the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy and diabetes-related perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity in South Carolina in 1978. Diabetes was observed in 5.9/1000 deliveries. Diabetic natality rates for whites and nonwhites were 5.1/1000 and 6.9/1000, respectively. In comparison with comprehensive screening programs, these rates suggest that more than half of all diabetic pregnancies in South Carolina are unrecognized. The overall diabetic perinatal mortality rate was 102 deaths/1000 deliveries, in contrast to the nondiabetic perinatal mortality rate of 25 deaths/1000 deliveries. The risk of perinatal mortality is greater for nonwhites (153 deaths/1000 deliveries) and for women on insulin (182 deaths/1000 deliveries). One-fourth of the pregnancies among nonwhite women on insulin resulted in fetal or neonatal death. Observed neonatal morbidity was high, with respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, infections, and congenital anomalies the most frequent complications reported. Documentation of assessment for other common neonatal complications was limited. PMID- 6985452 TI - Increased incidence of type I diabetes in children of older mothers. AB - Analysis of chart data in a large series of patients with juvenile-onset, type I diabetes shows a highly significant (P less than 0.001) increased incidence in the children born to older mothers. Diabetes was also much more frequent in the late-birth-order siblings, and this appears to be an alternative expression of advanced maternal age. This observation suggests that there may be a subset of children who eventually develop type I diabetes and are at increased risk by virtue of being born to older mothers. PMID- 6985453 TI - Incidence and hospitalization patterns of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Data from a statewide insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) registry in Rhode Island show that IDDM affects young adults (20-29 yr) as frequently as adolescents and teenagers (10-19 yr). Overall incidence less than 30 yr was 14/100,000 population. Peak incidence occurred at 10-14 yr (19/100,000 population). Poor diabetic control and infection accounted for 46-62% of hospitalizations among 275 known diabetic persons. Despite a 10-yr mean duration of diabetes, only 31% of hospitalized diabetic persons less than 30 yr of age reported ever having received outpatient diabetes education of two or more hours. Readmissions 1 yr after initial registration were more frequent for known (43%) than new-onset (18%) IDDM cases. Increased risk of readmission for both groups was associated with a poverty socioeconomic status. Total direct hospitalization costs for IDDM in persons under 30 yr of age in Rhode Island was $530,000 per year of $2,245 per patient. PMID- 6985455 TI - Solubilization of zomepirac. PMID- 6985456 TI - Haemophilus influenzae associated with acute respiratory illnesses in young children. PMID- 6985457 TI - Range highlight facility within region of interest for air-CT cisternography and canalography. AB - Air-CT cisternography and canalography have improved the radiographic diagnosis of small acoustic neuromas. Institutions that do not have an Independent Viewing System with their CT unit can improve their technique by data manipulation using the Range Highlight Facility within the Region of Interest as a part of their existing commercial unit. PMID- 6985454 TI - The definition, taxonomy, epidemiology, and ecology of self-injurious behavior. AB - The paper is a theoretical analysis of the evolution of the concepts related primarily to the definition and to the antecedents of self-injurious behavior (SIB). It was found that the definition of SIB as currently used contains surplus meanings unrelated to its scientific utility. At present, a restricted definition of SIB is not warranted because its basic parameters have not been studied adequately. Analysis of SIB taxonomies suggests two subclasses of SIB: social and nonsocial. Epidemiological studies of SIB suggest chronic and acute subsamples that differ in organicity, chronicity, and length of institutionalization. Ecological analysis suggests that a variety of antecedent conditions affect rates and topographies of SIB, e.g., ambient environmental conditions, background settings, situational demands, self-restraint, and type of daily routine activity. Implications were drawn for the organization of therapeutic environments, the study of covariation among collateral topographies, the dynamics of SIB responding, and sequential dependencies among SIB and related topographies. PMID- 6985458 TI - Comparative analysis of T and B-cell subpopulations in normal thymus and thymus of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6985459 TI - Electron microscopy of Achlya deoxyribonucleic acid sequence organization. AB - Electron microscopic analysis of reassociated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the aquatic fungus Achlya bisexualis revealed details of the sequence arrangement of the inverted repeats and both the highly and moderately repetitive sequence clusters. We used the gene 32 protein-ethidium bromide technique for visualizing the DNA molecules, a procedure which provides excellent contrast between single- and double-stranded DNA regions. Long (greater than 6-kilobase) DNA fragments were isolated after reannealing to two different repetitive C0t values, and the renatured structures were then visualized in an electron microscope. Our results showed that the inverted repeat sequences were short (0.5 kilobase, number average) and separated by nonhomologous DNA of various lengths. These pairs of sequences were not clustered within the genome. Both highly repetitive and moderately repetitive DNA sequences were organized as tandem arrays of precisely paired, regularly repeating units. No permuted clusters of repeating sequences were observed, nor was there evidence of interspersion of repetitive with single copy DNA sequences in the Achlya genome. PMID- 6985460 TI - Human T-cell cultures with selective autotumor reactivity. AB - T-cell cultures derived from the blood of 14 patients with solid tumors were propagated with T-cell growth factor (TCGF). The cultures were initiated from lymphocytes exposed to autologous tumor-biopsy cells. TCGF was added either immediately or 3-10 days later. In the former culture type the cell yield on day 7 was considerably higher. The cytotoxic potential of the cultured cells was assayed on two occasions, between days 7 and 10 and between weeks 5 and 8. Cells of all but two cultures had the potential to lyse autologous tumor-biopsy cells. On the population level, cytotoxicity was specific for autologous tumor in those cultures that were driven to growth with TCGF after the 3rd day. These lymphocytes did not lyse allogeneic tumor-biopsy cells. In contrast, all five cultures initiated in the presence of TCGF exhibited a broader cytotoxic potential, i.e., in addition to the stimulator autologous-tumor cells, they also lysed other targets. Another difference between the two culture types was their behavior toward K562. Tested on the 7th day they all lysed K562; however, this function declined in strength or disappeared later in the cultures exposed to TCGF after the 3rd day. Reexposure of the lymphocytes to autologous tumor-biopsy cells after 2 weeks of culture period, but not on the 7th day, induced DNA synthesis. This secondary response was specific inasmuch as allogeneic tumor cells had little or no effect. One of the autotumor restimulated cultures was tested for cytotoxic potential. It increased against the autologous but not against other tumors or K562 cells. PMID- 6985461 TI - Affinity differences for the 25-OH-D3 associated with the genetic heterogeneity of the vitamin D-binding protein. PMID- 6985462 TI - Partial 4q duplication due to inherited der(13),t(4;13)(q26;q34)mat in a girl with a deficiency of factor X. AB - A girl with mental retardation had a partial trisomy 4q. The chromosome aberration originated from a maternal balanced translocation t(4;13)(q26;q34). The value of Factor X was half the normal value, raising the question of the location of a gene related to the production of Factor X on chromosome 4. PMID- 6985464 TI - Electrophoretic and biochemical studies of human aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in various tissues. PMID- 6985463 TI - Regional assignment of the gene locus for steroid sulfatase. AB - The gene locus for steroid sulfatase, deficiency of which causes X-linked ichthyosis, is assigned to Xp11 leads to Xpter by analysis of 24 man-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. High steroid sulfatase activity in a hybrid clone having retained only part of Xq is explained by demonstration of an additional late-replicating human X chromosome. This observation confirms previous evidence for noninactivation of the STS locus. PMID- 6985465 TI - Immunospecific isolation of a human chromatin fraction from mouse-human hybrid cells. PMID- 6985466 TI - Retinoblastoma in a boy with a de novo mutation of a 13/18 translocation: the assumption that the retinoblastoma locus is at 13q141, particularly at the distal portion of it. AB - In serial cytogenetic examinations of peripheral lymphocytes from retinoblastoma patients, we found a patient with sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma with a de novo mutation of a 13/18 translocation, with their respective breakpoints at 13q141 and 18q122. The simultaneous de novo occurrence of retinoblastoma and the chromosomal rearrangement involving 13q14 in the proband suggests that the gene locus for retinoblastoma is at 13q141, particularly at the distal portion of it. Deletion mapping data are compatible with this suggestion. PMID- 6985467 TI - Assignment of human uroporphyrinogen I synthase locus to region 11qter by gene dosage effect. AB - Recently Meisler et al. (1980) reported the results of mouse/human somatic cell hybrid studies which indicated that the locus for human uroporphyrinogen I synthase (UPS) (EC 4.3.1.8) maps to chromosome 11. To evaluate further this assignment we have children with a trisomy of the region 11qter. We confirm the results of Meisler et al. (1980) and demonstrate that uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity is increased by a factor of 1.5 in trisomy 11qter. In erythrocytes of one child with a trisomy 11p, the expression of this enzyme was normal. PMID- 6985468 TI - Methotrexate-induced increase in gap formation in human chromosome band 3p14. PMID- 6985469 TI - Human thymidine kinase: purification and some properties of the TK1 isoenzyme from placenta. AB - Human thymidine kinase TK1 isoenzyme has been purified 1800-fold from placenta to a specific activity of 2.9 nmoles/min/mg of protein. The rapid purification procedure includes affinity chromatography on a thymidine-Sepharose column. At all stages of purification, the enzyme showed irreversible lability. The native molecular weight was determined to be 45000. Human placental TK1 exhibited specificity for ATP and thymidine as substrates, and significant inhibition was found only with thymidine nucleotides. TTP was the most effective inhibitor. PMID- 6985470 TI - X-linkage and genetic heterogeneity in bipolar-related major affective illness: reanalysis of linkage data. AB - It has been suggested that an X-linked dominant allele operates in the genetic transmission of bipolar (manic-depressive) illness. Linkage studies with X chromosome markers have remained inconclusive, showing both positive and negative results. Some of the ambiguity may be attributed to imprecise analytic methods and genetic heterogeneity. In this report, recently published pedigree series are reanalysed for linkage using a systematic method of pedigree analysis (Liped 3) with an accurate age-of-onset correction. Linkage heterogeneity is assessed through a two-recombination fraction heterogeneity test suggested by Smith (1963). The results are as follows: (1) Close linkage of bipolar illness to colourblindness (deutan and protan) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency appears to be present in some pedigrees, with estimated recombination fractions of theta = 0.05 and 0.00, respectively; (2) Linkage with the Xg blood group cannot be supported. These results are consistent with known linkages on the X chromosome. PMID- 6985471 TI - Deficiency of coagulation factors VII and X associated with deletion of a chromosome 13 (q34). Evidence from two cases with 46,XY,t(13;Y)(q11;q34). PMID- 6985472 TI - Inactivation centers in the human X chromosome. AB - Reported cases with a structurally abnormal X chromosome were compiled. These included 17 balanced and 26 unbalanced X-autosome translocations, each with inactivation of either a derivative X or a derivative of any of the autosomes. A further 52 cases with various structural rearrangements were studied. The shortest late-replicating segment in each arm pter leads to p21 and q13 leads to qter. In both cases, they were detected in all or most metaphases, thus making the results convincing. In one case, the distal part of Xq, q25 or 26 leads to qter was probably inactivated in a small proportion of the cells. It appears reasonable to assume that the former two segments and probably also the third include an "inactivation center(s)." In a male with a 46,Y,dup(X)(q13q22), no part of dup X replicated late although it contained extra chromosome material. PMID- 6985473 TI - The gene for polypeptide IX of adenovirus type 2 and its unspliced messenger RNA. AB - A 606 base pair segment of adenovirus type 2 DNA which includes the gene for polypeptide IX and its flanking regions has been sequenced. Comparison with the sequence of a cDNA copy of the 9S mRNA for polypeptide IX and direct analysis of its capped oligonucleotide show that the gene and its mRNA are colinear. The 9S mRNA has a length of 485 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A) tract and the m7G of the cap, and contains one single open translational reading frame which is sufficiently long to encode polypeptide IX. This reading frame contains three AUG codons, the first of which is used for initiation of protein synthesis. The mRNA has a 5' noncoding region of 24 nucleotides, excluding the m5G of the cap, and encodes a polypeptide which is 139 amino acids long and unusually rich in serine and alanine. The sequence TATATAA is found 25 nucleotides upstream from the cap site. The polyadenylation site has been identified but cannot be located unambiguously because of the presence of two A residues in the DNA sequence at this position. The 3' noncoding region is 41--43 nucleotides long and contains the hexanucleotide sequence AAUAAA. The mRNA for polypeptide IVa2 is encoded adjacent to that for polypeptide IX and is transcribed in the opposite direction. Sequence analysis revealed an overlap of 11--16 nucleotides, depending on the precise location of the polyadenylation sites, between 3' ends of these mRNAs. PMID- 6985474 TI - Amino-terminal sequence of adenovirus type 2 proteins: hexon, fiber, component IX, and early protein 1B-15K. PMID- 6985475 TI - Nonsense mutation as a cause of beta 0 thalassemia. PMID- 6985476 TI - Nucleotide sequence of cdna coding for Semliki Forest virus membrane glycoproteins. AB - The genes coding for the three membrane polypeptides of Semliki Forest virus have been sequenced and the primary structures of the proteins deduced. The amino acid sequence gives further insight into how the transmembrane structure of the three chain virus membrane glycoprotein is generated in the infected cell. PMID- 6985477 TI - The structure and evolution of the human beta-globin gene family. AB - We present the results of a detailed comparison of the primary structure of human beta-like globin genes and their flanking sequences. Among the sequences located 5' to these genes are two highly conserved regions which include the sequences ATA and CCAAT located 31 +/- 1 and 77 +/- 10 bp, respectively, 5' to the mRNA capping site. Similar sequences are found in the corresponding locations in most other eucaryotic structural genes. Calculation of the divergence times of individual beta-like globin gene pairs provides the first description of the evolutionary relationships within a gene family based entirely on direct nucleotide sequence comparisons. In addition, the evolutionary relationship of the embryonic epsilon-globin gene to the other human beta-like globin genes is defined for the first time. Finally, we describe a model for the involvement of short direct repeat sequences in the generation of deletions in the noncoding and coding regions of beta-like globin genes during evolution. PMID- 6985478 TI - Multiple mRNA species for the precursor to an adenovirus-encoded glycoprotein: identification and structure of the signal sequence. AB - Early region 3 of the adenovirus type 2 genome encodes three proteins with molecular weights of 16,000, 14,500, and 14,000 (E2/16, E3/14.5, and E3/14). The E3/16 protein is the precursor to the E3/19 glycoprotein and is around 1500 daltons larger than the unglycosylated E3/19O protein. The E3/14.5 and E3/14 proteins are structurally related to each other but different from E3/16. Three mRNA species were identified for E3/16; all have common 5' ends with the same spliced region but with different 3' ends. E3/14 was translated from a 13S mRNA with the same 5' structure as the E3/16 mRNA but followed by a second spliced region with a different 3' end. A partial amino acid sequence was determined for E3/16 after radioactive labeling in vitro and this sequence can be aligned with a known DNA sequence. It contains a hydrophobic signal sequence, two presumptive glycosylation sites, and a hydrophobic region close to the COOH terminus. PMID- 6985479 TI - Gene and mRNA for precursor polypeptide VI from adenovirus type 2. AB - We present a 1,040-base-pair-long sequences of adenoviruses type 2 DNA which encodes the complete gene for precursor polypeptide VI (pVI). pVI consists of 250 amino acids amounting to a molecular weight of 26,990. The proteolytic cleavage maturing pVI to virion polypeptide VI removes 33 amino acids from the amino terminal end of the polypeptide, thus giving the mature polypeptide VI a molecular weight of 23,400. The UAA stop codon terminating pVI translation is separated by 84 nucleotides from the initiator triplet for the hexon gene. Both polypeptides are encoded by the same translational reading frame, suggesting the evolution of pVI and hexon as separate proteins by the introduction of a termination codon and selection of a new splice acceptor site in an ancestral fused polypeptide chain. The splice site where the common tripartite leader is attached to the pVI mRNA precedes the initiator codon for pVI translation by one nucleotide and forms, together with other late splice acceptor sites, a late adenovirus consensus acceptor site. We also demonstrate that the 3' end of the mRNA's belonging to the L2 3'-cotermination family is located only 31 nucleotides upstream from the splice junction of the pVI mRNA. Furthermore, we show that four novel polypeptides of molecular weights 80,000, 39,000, 36,000, and 10,500 are encoded by region L2. PMID- 6985481 TI - Nonsense and frameshift mutations in beta 0-thalassemia detected in cloned beta globin genes. AB - The molecular basis for deficiency of beta-globin synthesis in beta-thalassemia was investigated by gene cloning and DNA sequencing. beta-Globin genes of two patients with beta 0-thalassemia were cloned in a phage lambda vector. Both beta genes transcribed normally in vitro. The gene of an Italian individual had a single nucleotide substitution (C leads to T) in the codon for amino acid 39 that resulted in formation of a nonsense codon. In a Turkish individual, the cloned beta-globin gene had a dinucleotide deletion in the codon for amino acid 8. This frameshift mutation produced a termination codon at the position of the new 21st codon. Mutations that lead to premature termination of beta-globin synthesis appear to be among the common causes of beta 0-thalassemia in man. PMID- 6985480 TI - Gene organization of the transforming region of weakly oncogenic adenovirus type 7: the E1a region. AB - The structures of adenovirus type 7 (Ad7) cytoplasmic RNAs transcribed from the leftmost 4.5% of the viral genome during lytic infection of KB cells have been determined. The E1a region was found to specify three differently spliced mRNAs (I, II and III) which have common 5' and 3' termini. mRNAs I and II are transcribed between identical initiation and termination codons and code for polypeptides of 28 kd and 24 kd, whose only difference is an internal sequence of 32 amino acids present in the 28-kd protein. Translation of mRNA III initiates at the same AUG codon as in mRNA I and II, but uses a different reading frame beyond the splice point; consequently, it terminates at an earlier stop codon and yields a 6.3-kd polypeptide. Cytoplasmic E1a RNA was used as a template for in vitro protein synthesis in a cell-free system and found to encode polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 42 kd, 40 kd, and 11 kd. PMID- 6985484 TI - Redividing the basidiomycetes on the basis of 5S rRNA sequences. PMID- 6985482 TI - Nucleotide sequence of adenovirus 2 DNA fragment encoding for the carboxylic region of the fiber protein and the entire E4 region. AB - The entire nucleotide sequence between coordinates 89.5 and 100% of the Ad 2 DNA genome has been determined using the Maxam and Gilbert method. This sequence of 3766 bp contains information relative to the carboxylic end of the fiber protein and to the entire E4 region. The position within the nucleotide sequence of various open reading frames and of several consensus splicing sequences was correlated with the location by EM and Sl digestion of the E4 mRNA. This correlation allows to suggest an additional splicing event in the maturation process of i or f mRNA and to deduce the structure of most E4 mRNA. The aminoacid sequences of the corresponding proteins are deduced allowing the location of several glycosylation sites. The presence of several open reading frames with a substantial coding capacity permits to postulate on the existence of additional genes located at the 3' end of the fiber gene and the 3' end of the E4 region. The existence of these putative additional genes might explain that termination of transcription is several hundred nucleotides beyond the main known poly A addition sites of the L5 and E4 regions. PMID- 6985483 TI - The DNA sequence of the 5' flanking region of the human beta-globin gene: evolutionary conservation and polymorphic differences. AB - We have determined the DNA sequence of a 1464 bp segment immediately flanking the 5' side of the human beta-globin gene. The sequence shows little similarity to the corresponding regions of the epsilon- or gamma-globin genes. There is about 75% homology, however, between the 5' extragenic regions of the beta-globin genes of man, goat and rabbit respectively. The mouse beta minor globin gene, but not the mouse beta major globin gene, also shares this extensive homology. A short segment of simple sequence DNA is found from about 1418 to 1388 bp upstream from the human beta-globin gene which consists of repeats of the sequence (TTTTA). Similar DNA sequences are also found at several sites in the large intron of the beta-globin gene. We have compared the DNA sequence of the 5' extragenic region of the normal beta-globin gene with the same segment of the beta-globin gene of a patient with beta thalassaemia. Of the two nucleotide differences observed, one generates a polymorphic HinfI site present 990 bp upstream from the beta-globin gene in the thalassaemic beta-globin and absent in the normal gene. A second beta thalassemic beta-globin gene which has the same molecular defect as the above mentioned case, however, lacks this HinfI site. It is therefore not yet clear whether this HinfI site will have any value in prenatal diagnosis of beta thalassaemia. PMID- 6985485 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding adenovirus type 2 DNA binding protein. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) DNA binding protein (DBP). From the nucleotide sequence the complete amino acid sequence of Ad2 DBP has been deduced. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of Ad2 and Ad5 DBP, both 529 residues long, reveals that the C-terminal 354 residues of both sequences are identical. Within the N-terminal 175 amino acid residues Ad2 and Ad5 show nine differences. The site of mutation in Ad2 ND1ts23, a mutant with a temperature-sensitive DNA replication, was mapped at the nucleotide level. A single nucleotide alteration in the DBP gene, resulting in a leucine leads to phenylalanine substitution at position 282 in the amino acid sequence is responsible for the temperature-sensitive character of this mutant. Previously, we localized the mutation of another DBP mutant with a temperature sensitive DNA replication (H5ts125) at position 413 in the amino acid sequence of the DBP molecule (Nucleic Acids Res. 9 (1981) 4439-4457). These mapping data are discussed in relation to the structure and function of the DBP molecule. PMID- 6985487 TI - The nucleotide sequence of mRNA for the Mr 19 000 glycoprotein from early gene block III of adenovirus 2. AB - The cytoplasmic poly(A)RNA from early stages of infection of HeLa cells by adenovirus 2 (Ad2), was used to synthesize cDNA. The resulting cDNA segments were inserted at the PstI site of the plasmid pBR322 after dG/dC tailing. The clones containing sequences corresponding to early region III transcripts were identified by hybridization against the SmaI-C fragment (76.5 to 91.9 map units) of the Ad2 genome. The clone pE22 which contained a copy of the mRNA coding for the Mr 19 000 glycoprotein was characterized in detail. A comparison with the genomic sequences allowed the identification of the splice between the x and y leaders. The nucleotide sequences CCGGTG and CAGTTT were found at the donor and acceptor sites of the splice junction, respectively. The coding region consisted of a continuous stretch of 159 amino acids with a hydrophobic N-terminus and two possible glycosylation sites. The triplet ATG was encountered twice in phase 3 before the actual site of initiation of translation, which was in phase 2. The 3' untranslated region was 500 nucleotides long and contained an open, translational reading frame for a Mr 11 000 protein, following a potential initiator ATG. The sequence ATTAAA was observed 17 bp before the poly(A) tail. PMID- 6985486 TI - Isolation and analysis of genomic DNA clones encoding the third component of mouse complement. AB - A gene library was constructed with DNA from strain A mice by using the phage lambda vector lambda 1059. By screening with cloned cDNA for the third component of mouse complement, C3, four different C3 genomic clones were isolated from this library. Two of the recombinant phages carry insertions of 14 and 18 kilobase pairs, respectively, which together cover one complete copy of the C3 gene and several hundred nucleotides of its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. The distance from the 5' end of the gene, which includes the hexanucleotide T-A-T-A-A-A and a translation initiation codon, to its 3' end as defined by the poly(A) attachment site is 24 kilobase pairs. From the genomic DNA sequence, a signal peptide of 24 amino acid residues is predicted at the NH2 terminus of the initial translation product. The signal peptide and the next two amino acids are encoded by the first exon of this gene. PMID- 6985489 TI - Study of the purine metabolism in obese patients during a slimming diet. AB - Uric acid assays were performed in the blood serum from 20 obese patients (19 women and 1 man, with a mean age of 39.75 +/- 8.16 years), before and after an average period of three weeks of hypocaloric diet (400-500 cal/day) during which they lost about 8 kg of body weight each. The variations of uricemia were followed up in relation with the weight loss and with the presence or absence of changes in the plasma lipid values. The mean rise of uricemia in the whole lot of subjects, as well as in those who lost more than 8 kg b.w. were weakly significant, as compared to the initial values. In the patients distributed according to the changes of lipid values, the increase was not significant. In conditions of rapid weight loss, even when the diet was supplemented by 70 g proteins/day, the serum uric acid values rose up to the limit of plasma urate solubility. This imposes a periodical check-up of uricemia, at the beginning, in the course and at the end of the periods of rapid weight loss, in view of detecting and correcting the eventual disorders which might occur in such conditions. PMID- 6985490 TI - [Double postelectrocution myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6985492 TI - Biochemical mechanisms involved in the hepatotoxicity of some drugs. AB - To find out the biochemical mechanisms involved in the hepatotoxicity of certain drugs, the continuous evolution of some related biochemical parameters was investigated. The results obtained showed the decrease of cytochrome P450, glutathione (GSH) and aniline hydroxylase, as well as increases of lipid peroxides and tryptophan oxygenase 2 hours after i.p. administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and paracetamol. Characteristic changes of hepatotoxicity such as increase of blood glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and triglycerides, and decrease of free sulfhydryl (SH) groups were observed 24 hours after drug administration. The peroxidation of microsomal lipids appears to be the biochemical mechanism involved in the acute administration of these drugs. Subsequently this peroxidation leads to morphologic hepatic changes. In our experimental conditions, hepatotoxicity was prevented by concomitant administration of cystamine. PMID- 6985493 TI - Pathology of the middle lobe syndromes. A histopathological and pathogenetic analysis of sixty surgically-cured cases. AB - During the last 10 years the pathological substrate of the middle lobe syndrome was analysed in 60 surgically cured cases aged 7-59: there were 36 lung chronic suppurations, 20 neoplasias and 4 tuberculoses. In all these cases it was shown that, together with the specific lesions (infectious, tuberculosis, neoplastic) of bronchial walls and lung parenchyma a more or less obvious and high bronchial obstruction developed leading to obstructive pneumonitis with intralobular lipospongiocytosis. Investigated at different evolutive phases, this pneumonitis led to an extended restructuring of the lung tissue which occupied differently sized areas of the middle lobe. In the neoplastic and tuberculous cases, the restructured lung areas often included neoplastic emboli or infiltrations of neoplastic cells, or, respectively, remnant, reshuffled tuberculous lesions. None of cases presented zones of pure atelectasis. PMID- 6985494 TI - Changes of human platelets studied by scanning electron microscopy in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The formation of platelet aggregates has been suggested to be the initial step in coronary occlusion and the subsequent myocardial infarction (AMI). By scanning electron microscopy we followed: the platelet morphology and aggregation, the macrophage (M) morphology and the lymphocyte (T, B) count and structure in 11 patients with AMI and in 18 patients with unstable angina (UA). Generally, in the patients with AMI, most of the platelets presented relatively frequent (42.5%) or very frequent pseudopodia (35.27%) and the network of surface extensions was associated with several huge platelet aggregates in 6 patients. The mean lymphocyte count was: T = 40.36 +/- 23.95%; B = 28.09 +/- 7.38%; M = 31.54 +/- 21.25%. In the patients with unstable angina the proportion of platelets with pseudopodia was more reduced, namely, that of platelets with relatively frequent pseudopodia was 33.8% and with very frequent pseudopodia was 27.8%. The mean lymphocyte count was: T = 40.30 +/- 20.24%; B = 34.6 +/- 14.39%; M = 25 +/- 10.50%. These data indicate that platelet changes and the formation of aggregates can be an important factor in the occurrence of AMI. The change of immunocompetent cell count in both groups of coronary patients suggests the association of an immunologic process in coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 6985495 TI - Diaphragmatic action potentials recorded on standard electrocardiogram. A clinical and experimental study. AB - A transient pseudoatrial dissociation (Deitz-Marques phenomenon) occurring immediately after right atrial pacing in a 44-year-old woman, and spontaneously together with periods of hiccups in a 50-year-old man are presented. The same phenomenon was produced experimentally in three dogs, after rapid diaphragmatic stimulation. The diaphragmatic origin of fibrillary-like waves on standard ECG is argued because of dependence on respiratory phases and because it does not influence the basic sinus rhythm. PMID- 6985496 TI - Treatment of end-stage renal failure due to diabetes mellitus with peritoneal dialysis--treatment of choice? AB - End-stage renal failure (ESRF) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, especially the insulin-dependent form. Treatment of these patients with dialysis and/or transplantation has become widespread and it has been suggested that peritoneal dialysis has several advantages when compared to hemodialysis. This report describes the results of therapy using peritoneal dialysis in seven ESRF patients. These patients did not do well and only two were alive at the end of the follow-up period. Diabetic retinopathy did not progress during treatment and peritonitis was not more common in diabetics than nondiabetics. Renal transplantation is the preferred mode of treatment in diabetic ESRF patients. In our experience there is no difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6985497 TI - Changes in peripheral blood composition following single and repeated courses of intermittent cancer chemotherapy. AB - In fifteen patients treated for lung cancer with a combination of vincristine (VCR) (2 x 0.325 mg/kg), amethopterin (MTX) (3 x 0.4 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (CY) (30-50 mg/kg) at monthly intervals the peripheral blood parameters were determined every 2-4 days. The values of these parameters including neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, erythrocytes and reticulocytes decreased uniformly reaching the lowest level about the 11th day post each course of chemotherapy. Subsequently, by the 17th day, the values of all these parameters except the red cell count returned to the pretreatment levels. The only parameter whose nadir value was associated with known risk to the health was the absolute neutrophil count. The period of dangerous decrease of this count began on the 6th day and ended approximately on the 17th day after cyclophosphamide infusion. Repeated courses had no additive toxicity since the time interval between courses allowed for hematopoietic recovery. However, the gradual decrease in the red cell count was observed during intermittent chemotherapy. PMID- 6985498 TI - Hepatitis and renal tubular acidosis after anesthesia with methoxyflurane. AB - A 69-year-old man operated for acute cholecystitis under methoxyflurane anesthesia developed postoperatively a hepatic insufficiency syndrome and renal tubular acidosis. Massive bleeding appeared during surgery which lasted for six hours. Postoperative evolution under supportive therapy was favourable. Complete recovery was confirmed by repeated controls performed over a period of one year after surgery. PMID- 6985500 TI - Considerations on the stopping of atrial flutter by means of transitory atrial pacing. AB - Two cases with atrial flutter and conversion to sinus rhythm using right atrial pacing are presented. In the first case sinus rhythm was obtained by using overdrive suppression while in the second case sinus rhythm took place after delivering a single electric stimulus in the right atrium. PMID- 6985499 TI - Morphogenesis and pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. XVIII. Influence of cyclophosphamide on the evolution toward fibrosis of experimental lung granulomas: a quantitative analysis. AB - The stereotyped evolution toward fibrosis of lung granulomas induced in rabbits by an intravenous injection of the complete Freund adjuvant was analysed under the influence of a prolonged treatment with cyclophosphamide. While the histopathological picture of untreated rabbits showed a progressive evolution toward fibrosis of experimental lung granulomas, cyclophosphamide administration (1.5 mg/kg body, daily for three weeks) reduced the number of granuloma cells on the surface unit and the density of reticulin fibrils up to statistically significant values. PMID- 6985501 TI - A higher level of serum IgA in diabetes mellitus? AB - On studying the main classes of serum immunoglobulins in four different groups of diabetics, representing more than 400 subjects, the author has noticed that the mean values of IgA are almost constantly raised, irrespective of the clinical parameters analyzed and suggests that this fact should probably be correlated with a change of IgA catabolism. PMID- 6985502 TI - Electrical burns of the oral commissure: treatment results and principles of reconstruction. AB - Reconstruction of the average oral commissure electrical burn deformity yields good results when performed as a delayed procedure. Our preferred technique utilizes available vermilion for reconstruction of the lower lip by a rotation flap, and a mucosal advancement flap for reconstruction of the upper lip. Since using this procedure, we have not had a recurrent contracture requiring reoperation. PMID- 6985503 TI - Axial flap from the inferior pole of the breast. AB - The dermal-adipose segment of the inferior pole of the breast is usually resected during mammaplasty. However, this segment, based only on a medial or lateral pedicle, may be used as an axial flap to provide a moderate amount of tissue in reconstruction of the anterior thoracic regions. PMID- 6985504 TI - Mafenide acetate concentrations and bacteriostasis in experimental burn wounds treated with a three-layered laminated mafenide-saline dressing. AB - A laminated wound dressing was developed to deliver mafenide acetate to granulating wounds. This study, using mafenide acetate cream (11.2%) and isotope dilution of 14C-labeled mafenide, has established the peak concentration and decay time for mafenide in the saline layer over the wound. Pseudomonas inhibition under identical concentrations was studied. Peak concentrations of 1,200 mg per deciliter of saline were observed after 2 hours. These levels decayed to 400 mg after 10 hours. Remoistening the dressing was required to achieve the peak and duration just mentioned. Pseudomonas inhibition of 88% of discs was present at 1,200, 800, and 700 mg concentrations. This dropped to 44% at 550 mg and 0 at 400 mg. The effective anti-Pseudomonas period was, therefore, 6 hours. PMID- 6985505 TI - The case for therapeutic positivism in head and neck malignancy. AB - A negative attitude toward the treatment of advanced malignancy of the head and neck is frequently encountered. Aggressive therapy, at least for certain patients, is reasonable, and the assessment of certain factors in choosing candidates for such therapy is important. Illustrative case presentations demonstrate that a meaningful number of patients receive palliation or even cure with radical therapy. In view of the grim choices, it seems appropriate to take a positive, if radical, approach when the patient is highly motivated. PMID- 6985506 TI - A new method of oral reconstruction using a free composite foot flap. AB - We present a series of 10 free composite foot flaps used in 9 patients for floor of-mouth and mandible reconstruction after composite resection. This one-stage repair replaces the soft tissue as well as the bone that has been resected. The flap is easily obtained from the foot, and is tailored to meet the requirements of the mouth and jaw defect. Donor site morbidity is surprisingly low: two flaps were lost from vascular obstruction, and 1 from delayed infection at ten days. The surviving flaps have provided good cosmetic and functional results. Bony union has occurred in half the grafts, and satisfactory firm fibrous union in the remainder. The flap is also useful for late reconstruction in "oral cripples," and may be used with the skin internally or externally as required. We are pleased with the versatility of this flap in complicated reconstructions. PMID- 6985507 TI - Bilateral visual loss after blepharoplasty. AB - Blindness following blepharoplasty is a well-documented complication. Removal of orbital fat is common to most cases in which such blindness occurs. We present a patient who was referred to us following blepharoplasty involving orbital fat removal in all four lids with subsequent onset of bilateral visual loss. Visual acuity in the right eye has remained no light perception and in the left eye improved from 20/400 to 20/20 following bilateral orbital decompression. An electroretinogram was within normal limits in both eyes. A normal response from the visual evoked response in the left eye and an abnormal response from the visual evoked response in the right eye indicate ganglion cell damage or visual pathway disruption in the right eye, probably secondary to optic nerve ischemia. We conclude that the small nutrient vessels to the optic nerve are more easily compromised than the central retinal artery and are responsible for the visual loss in many of these cases. We believe this to be the first documented case of bilateral visual loss following blepharoplasty and the first electrophysiological study demonstrating the pathophysiology of blindness following blepharoplasty. We advocate rapid orbital decompression to treat this catastrophic complication. PMID- 6985508 TI - Piggyback composite ear grafts in nasal ala reconstruction. AB - Two cases of nasal ala reconstruction are presented, documenting the feasibility of sequentially adding one cartilage-containing composite ear graft onto another in piggyback fashion. The junction between the composites is relatively unnoticeable. This technique enables one to fully correct a nasal defect that has been incompletely reconstructed using a single composite graft, thanks to a partial take or to shrinkage that has reduced the graft bulk more than was anticipated. Defects of a size greater than would be amenable to a single composite graft may be repaired by planned serial addition. PMID- 6985509 TI - Peritendinous healing after early movement of repaired flexor tendon: anatomical study. AB - In 64 chickens the deep flexor tendon of the third toe was divided and resutured, preserving the sheath and flexor sublimis tendon. The leg was placed in a cast for 35 days postoperatively; in some birds minimal flexion of the toes was induced by electrical stimulation of the deep flexor muscle in the last 17 days of cast immobilization. At day 35 the cast was removed, and the return of flexion carried out in the third toe was measured up to day 60. Assessment of the tendon repair site was at 18, 35, and 60 days. Restored peritendinous connections in specific areas were similar to those in controls. Early movement resulted in fewer adhesions, a significantly higher incidence of free intertendinous spaces (standard error of difference = 6.3, difference = 14.5%), and significant lengthening of bridges between the flexor profundus and phalanx (p = 0.01). The effect of early movement gradually decreased from the dorsal to the ventral structures. PMID- 6985510 TI - Does early movement speed the recovery of function of repaired flexor tendon? AB - The effect of early movement on flexion return in the repaired deep flexor tendon of 85 chicken toes was assessed. Postoperatively, the leg was immobilized in plaster. Beginning 18 days after surgery, minimal flexion of the third toe was induced by electrical stimulation of the deep flexor muscle in 38 chickens. Thirty-five days after surgery the plaster was removed and during the next 25 days the flexion was measured 15 times and compared with preoperative findings in the same chicken. In birds with early movement, averages of the last 4 daily measurements of total flexion were significantly greater (p = 0.005) than in those without stimulation. The extent of the loss of flexion depended on the quality and anatomical location of the peritendinous connections. Greatly reduced flexion was seen in the presence of multiple fibrotic interflexor bridges and firm adhesions. There were significantly fewer dehiscences at the repair site in the stimulated than in nonstimulated birds (standard error of difference = 9.2, difference 21.9%). PMID- 6985511 TI - Controlled digital motion by electrical stimulation of the flexor muscle in chickens. AB - A method for producing motion in the deep flexor tendon by electrical stimulation of its muscle was devised and applied in 38 chickens whose legs were immobilized after tendon repair. Six days prior to tendon surgery, stainless steel electrode wires were implanted in the muscle belly. Stimulation was carried out from day 18 to day 35 after tendon surgery. Stimulation consisted of trains of pulses (50 pulses per second for 0.5 seconds) repeated every 2 seconds with the output voltage adjusted to produce only slight flexion of the distal phalanges of the toes. The stimulation was well tolerated by the chickens and produced the desired tendon motion. Muscle fiber changes were minimal and appeared to be related to the trauma of electrode implantation. PMID- 6985512 TI - Impending Volkmann's contracture in a newborn. AB - A newborn presented with severe necrosis of the volar aspect of the forearm and impending Volkmann's contracture. This is the youngest such patient reported in the literature. We suspect prolonged intrauterine pressure from an amniotic band. Such bands are known to cause constricting rings, syndactyly, and congenital amputations. If our assumption is correct, this case is unique. PMID- 6985514 TI - Use of skin staples in plastic surgery. AB - Skin closure with stainless steel staples can be done economically, simply, quickly, and accurately. Stapling is indicated in a wide range of surgical procedures. Scarring is minimal and patient acceptance is excellent. PMID- 6985513 TI - Lower eyelid reconstruction by V-Y advancement cheek flap. AB - Another method of one-stage total reconstruction of the lower eyelid is reported. The usually discarded cheek triangle of the Mustarde technique is advanced superiorly, covering a chondromucosal composite graft used for lining and support. PMID- 6985515 TI - Self-retaining weighted retractors for hand surgery. AB - Hand surgery demands precise exposure in a small surgical field. I have devised a simple, economical stay suture retractor to facilitate skin retraction. PMID- 6985516 TI - The orbit--cone or pyramid? PMID- 6985517 TI - Uranium effects--an "enlightening" exchange. PMID- 6985518 TI - Critiquing a critique. PMID- 6985519 TI - A neurosurgical controversy. PMID- 6985520 TI - Mortality among men employed between 1943 and 1947 at a uranium-processing plant. AB - Mortality is described in a cohort of 18,869 white males who were employed between 1943 and 1947 at a uranium conversion and enrichment plant in Oak Ridge, Tenn. Workers in certain departments (especially chemical workers) were exposed to high average air levels of uranium dust. Based on deaths reported in 1974 by the Social Security Administration (SSA) and using mortality rates for U.S. white males, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for various causes in the entire cohort were generally less than 1.00. After correction for unascertained deaths and missing death certificates, the SMR for lung cancer was 1.22 (95% confidence limits, 1.10 and 1.36). SMRs for various causes, including lung cancer, did not tend to be higher in 8,345 workers employed in areas where uranium dust was present or in 4,008 of these 8,345 workers employed for one year or longer at the plant. Other causes of particular interest (i.e., bone cancer, leukemia, diseases of respiratory and genitourinary systems) did not exhibit high SMRs. The suggestive finding of the authors was an increased number of lung cancer deaths in a group of chemical workers hired at greater than or equal to 45 years of age. Continued follow-up of the cohort is necessary for further evaluation of the long term health effects of exposure to uranium. PMID- 6985521 TI - Urinary monitoring for diethylstilbestrol in male chemical workers. AB - Between 1969 and 1972 diethylstilbestrol (DES) accounted for 25 instances of breast tenderness and enlargement in male chemical workers in a DES production area of a large chemical plant. A gas chromatographic analysis for urinary DES was performed at three spaced intervals over a 90-day work span. All full-time workers who wore air suits when necessary developed increasing levels of DES upon increasing days of exposure. At a certain range of excretion (40 micrograms/ml/24 hours) two workers became symptomatic. DES was also detected in one helper and in two individuals not directly connected with the area of known exposure. Although no federal standard for DES exists, the following evidence points to the actuality of hazardous levels of exposure: (1) there had been a persistent history of DES reactions year after year; (2) high urine levels and adverse reactions were found in workers participating in the medical studies of this evaluation; and (3) there was widespread DES contamination of buildings and equipment, extending as far away as the lunchroom in a separate building. PMID- 6985522 TI - A method for monitoring the fertility of workers. 2. Validation of the method among workers exposed to dibromochloropropane. AB - A method has been developed for monitoring industrial workers and others exposed to environmental agents which may impair fertility. National birth probabilities specific for maternal birth cohort, age, parity, and race are used to derive expected fertility. Observed fertility is obtained by questionnaire. Standardized fertility ratios are computed for exposure and non-exposure periods and compared. The analytic techniques have been validated by applying the method to a group of 36 male factory employees working in an agricultural chemical division (ACD) where pesticides including the nematocide dibromochloropropane were formulated. Twelve of these employees in mid-1977 had been discovered to have severely depressed sperm counts related to occupational exposure. The standardized fertility ratio (SFR) computed from data available in mid-1977 for the period at risk from employment in the ACD (SFR = 0.75) was significantly lower than those derived for the entire not-at-risk period (SFR = 1.88) and the portion related to employment in other areas of the factory (SFR = 2.16). Similar differences also were evident from data available several years earlier, demonstrating that the surveillance technique would have been capable of detecting occupationally induced infertility among these workers in advance of the actual discovery date. PMID- 6985523 TI - The effectiveness of confrontation procedures before and after treatment of employed alcoholics. AB - All of the 123 subjects of this study had been referred for treatment by their employers and 94% had been threatened with job loss unless their work performance improved. The employers and the subjects perceived equally intense levels of pressure placed upon the subjects to change drinking behavior when they entered treatment. Both perceived a significant drop in pressure during the year following treatment, with the subjects indicating more change than the employers. Drop in perceived pressure was directly related to treatment outcome. Implications for constructive confrontation as a motivational tool are discussed. PMID- 6985524 TI - The "hazardous" environment--a commentary. AB - The data available on mortality of the white population of the United States from 1940 to 1975 do not confirm the presence of an epidemic of cancer in our society. Overall death rates and non-respiratory cancer death rates are declining in these groups over a wide spectrum of ages for both sexes. Respiratory cancer death rates have been increasing, but appear to show a current decline in the younger age groups. The need for objective mortality data by specific cause of death and geographic area is evident. Measures to protect the environment should be undertaken within the context of a generally improving mortality experience of the U.S. population. PMID- 6985525 TI - Structural analysis of nucleic acids. PMID- 6985526 TI - Structural gene identification utilizing eukaryotic cell-free translational systems. PMID- 6985527 TI - Dot hybridization and hybrid-selected translation: methods for determining nucleic acid concentrations and sequence homologies. PMID- 6985528 TI - [Malignant and benign lymphomas: histologic classification and immunomorphologic studies. Results of 838 cases]. AB - 800 malignant (22.9% Hodgkin's, 77.1% non-Hodgkin's) lymphomas, 22 cases of lymphogranulomatosis X and 16 pseudolymphomas were investigated by histology and immunomorphology. Age- and sex-distribution, localization as well as intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig) in tumour cells were evaluated. Hodgkin's lymphomas were classified according to Lukes (1971), the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) according to the Kiel-classification. Among NHL of low grade malignancy the most common type was chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (18%), among the NHL of high grade malignancy the immunoblastic lymphomas (IB) (13%). In IB 5 cases of T cell type of IB were be identified. 8 cases were classified as "histiocytic" reticulosarcomas. Immunomorphology performed on routinely formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections showed a clear-cut difference between CLL and immunocytic lymphomas (IC): In all IC "monoclonal" Ig could be detected in lymphoplasmacytoid and plasma cells. The most common Ig was of the IgM/K type. 4 IC were turned out as "biclonal" ML detected by the double immunofluorescence. In IB lymphomas less than 50% contained intracytoplasmic Ig mainly of the IgM/K type. In Hodgkin's- and Sternberg cells sometimes IgG, K, lambda and also lysozyme was observed intracytoplasmically. This finding supports the hypothesis of the macrophage origin of these cells. In lymphogranulomatosis X and in lymphoepithelioid cell lymphoma (Lennert's lymphoma) as well as in pseudolymphomas "polyclonal" Ig containing "reactive" plasma cells was demonstrable. Immunomorphology on routine pathological material is able to facilitate differential diagnosis of ML and to elucidate to some extent derivation of ML. PMID- 6985529 TI - [Agammaglobulinemia and eosinophilic gastroenteritis]. AB - The case is reported of a 34-year-old patient with diffuse eosinophilic gastroenteritis in connection with agammaglobulinaemia and B-cell defect. The syndrome was manifested by malabsorption, and gastrointestinal protein loss, complicated by temporary pyloric obstruction and duodenal ulceration. As in the case of sprue-like changes in the small intestinal mucosa, and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, this diffuse eosinophilic gastroenteritis may be a reaction of the stomach and small intestine to immunological abnormalities. PMID- 6985530 TI - Exhaustion in the effort syndrome. PMID- 6985531 TI - But for the grace of God. PMID- 6985532 TI - Individual or social problems. PMID- 6985533 TI - NSW Council of Community Nursing. Quality assurance in community nursing seminar. PMID- 6985534 TI - Where are we, when will we get there? The role social defences take in preventing true progress. PMID- 6985535 TI - Two silver spoons and a posy. PMID- 6985536 TI - Orthopaedic nursing course. PMID- 6985537 TI - New and changing technology. PMID- 6985538 TI - Monitor developed for patient protection. Interview by Ray Maultsaid. PMID- 6985539 TI - Pharmaceutical review. Modium capsules. PMID- 6985540 TI - The organised nurse. PMID- 6985541 TI - Voluntary euthanasia is a kindness to the terminally ill. PMID- 6985542 TI - Martha Rogers--challenging ideas for nursing. PMID- 6985543 TI - The epidemiology of ischaemic heart disease Australia. PMID- 6985544 TI - Report on Overseas visit. PMID- 6985545 TI - The Mona Vale Hospital success safety programme. PMID- 6985546 TI - A comparative tissue toxicity evaluation of the liquid components of gutta-percha root canal sealers. PMID- 6985547 TI - Comparison of gutta-percha filling techniques, compaction (mechanical), vertical (warm), and lateral condensation techniques, Part 1. PMID- 6985549 TI - Treatment considerations of the middle mesial canal of mandibular first and second molars. PMID- 6985548 TI - Garre's osteomyelitis of the mandible: the role of endodontic therapy in patient management. PMID- 6985551 TI - Active rosette-forming lymphocytes in chronic hepatitis. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations (total T lymphocytes, active T lymphocytes, late T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes), leukocyte migration inhibition test, serum HBsAg, serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) were determined in 15 chronic active hepatitis patients and 35 chronic persistent hepatitis patients (diagnosed clinically, biochemically and histologically) and 10 healthy subjects who had acute B viral hepatitis three years ago. A decreased number of total T lymphocytes has been found in HBsAg-seropositive chronic hepatitis. An increase of relative and absolute number of active T lymphocytes was noticed in HBsAg seronegative healthy persons with a past history of acute viral hepatitis B. PMID- 6985552 TI - Impaired color discrimination among viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide. AB - A possible effect of chronic carbon disulfide exposure on the optic nerve was studied by giving the Farnsworth Munsell 100-Hue Test for color discrimination to 62 exposed and 40 nonexposed men. Carbon disulfide exposure did not relate to specific pattern defects in color discrimination, but impaired color discrimination occurred significantly more often in the exposed group than among the referents. The abnormal findings suggest an impairment in the receptiveness of the ganglion cells or demyelination of the optic nerve fibers. PMID- 6985553 TI - On the true wear rate of ultra high-molecular-weight polyethylene in the total hip prosthesis. PMID- 6985554 TI - Stinging insect allergy. PMID- 6985555 TI - Procompetition in health care: policy or fantasy? PMID- 6985556 TI - Serum lipoproteins during childhood: normal concentrations and primary hyperlipoproteinemias. PMID- 6985557 TI - Ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint. AB - The cases of thirty-four patients with thirty-six ruptures of the quadriceps tendon and of thirty-three patients with thirty-six ruptures of the patellar ligament were studied. The ruptures of the patellar ligament occurred in patients forty years old and younger, while the quadriceps tendon ruptures occurred in older patients. Twenty-eight ruptures (38 per cent) were misdiagnosed initially. When treated without delay, end-to-end suture was found to give a satisfactory repair of the ruptured quadriceps tendons and patellar ligaments, although supplemental external fixation was needed in the latter type of injury. A pins and-wires technique was found to give the best results in delayed repairs of the patellar ligament, while a variety of repair techniques was used in delayed repairs of the quadriceps tendon. The results of immediate repair at both sites definitely were better than those of late repair. PMID- 6985558 TI - Fracture of the femoral component after total hip replacement. An analysis of fifty-eight cases. AB - Clinical, radiographic, biomechanical, and metallurgical data from fifty-eight patients with a fractured stem of the femoral component of a total hip replacement (thirty-seven Charnley, sixteen Muller, three Trapezoidal-28, and two Bechol prostheses) were analyzed, as well as the cases of twenty-seven control patients with matching clinical and radiographic data who had a Charnley prosthesis but no fracture of the stem. Radiographic data in the form of defined measurements were classified into discrete variables for statistical analysis. These radiographic variables, along with clinical variables, were rated by linear discriminant analysis and a fracture risk index (the sum of the rating scores or regressive coefficient) was derived for each patient. Using this index, two zones (of index values) were defined: one for the patients at risk for fracture and the other for those not at risk for fracture according to the discriminative scale. All patients in both the fracture group and the non-fracture group were separated successfully into one of these two zones, except for one patient with a metallurgical defect of the prosthesis and a stem in marked valgus orientation. Based on the values of the risk index. the zone for those at risk for fracture and the zone for those not at risk were each divided into three regions - questionable, marginal, and positive - to give more weight to the contributions of clinical, biomechanical, and material factors in the prediction of fractures of prosthetic stems. The mechanisms causing stem fracture that seemed to involve multiple variables of different origins were identified and an attempt was made to rank these groups of variables as causes of stem failures. A risk index developed in this way could be useful in predicting the possibility of fracture or loosening of a prosthetic stem after total hip replacement. PMID- 6985559 TI - Endometrioma of the pubis: a differential in the diagnosis of hip pain. A report of two cases. PMID- 6985560 TI - [Comparative double-blind investigation of bezafibrate and clofibrate in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia]. AB - The lipid-reducing effects of bezafibrate and clofibrate were investigated in a double-blind crossover trial. 3 x 200 mg/d bezafibrate and 3 x 500 mg/d clofibrate were administered for periods of 8 weeks each to 22 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia (9 Type IIb, 13 Type IV). Placebo periods preceded and followed the periods of medication. Compliance was checked by determination of the serum concentrations of bezafibrate and clofibrate. As compared with the pre-therapy value under placebo, cholesterol was reduced by 14% with bezafibrate and 7% with clofibrate in the group as a whole. In Type IIb patients cholesterol was reduced by 16% with bezafibrate as against 10% with clofibrate, and in Type IV patients by 12% with bezafibrate and 6% with clofibrate. A similar response was found in triglyceride reduction: 36% vs. 18% for the group as a whole; 47% vs. 31% for Type IIb; and 29% vs. 9% for Type IV. The difference in triglyceride reduction for the group as a whole was significant at the p less than 0.05 level. Body weight, pulse rate, and blood pressure showed no changes during the entire period of investigation. Fasting blood glucose was somewhat lower under both substances than under the subsequent placebo period while urea-N and creatinine was increased for both as compared with both pre- and post-therapy placebo periods. Under bezafibrate there was an increase in CPK as compared with the second placebo phase. There were no changes in GOT and GPT. Reductions in gamma GT, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were observed under both bezafibrate and clofibrate, as were slight decreases in haemoglobin, erythrocytes, and leucocytes, and a small increase in thrombocytes. No changes in urinary excretion of protein or glucose were observed. No subjective side effects were reported, either for bezafibrate or for clofibrate. PMID- 6985561 TI - Structure-activity relationship, selectivity and mode of inhibition of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase by streptolydigin analogs. PMID- 6985562 TI - [Tinea imbricata in Papua-New Guinea. Treatment with griseofulvin and haloprogine in a population of the Gogol-Valley, Madang province]. PMID- 6985563 TI - [Research on the effect of a new anti-inflammatory thiazole compound, 2-(4 chlorophenyl)-thiazol-4-ylacetate of ethyl, on a model of experimental inflammation with pathogenesis involving the labilization of lysosome membranes]. PMID- 6985564 TI - Protection by atropine against synergistic lethal effects of the Angusticeps-type toxin F7 from eastern green mamba venom and toxin I from black mamba venom. AB - A large dose of atropine protected mice effectively from death due to synergistic effects of an Angusticeps-type toxin, F7, isolated from eastern green mamba venom and a trypsin inhibitor homologue, toxin I, isolated from black mamba venom. Neostigmine potentiated the combined toxicity of these two toxins. It is concluded that the synergistic lethal effect of these two mamba toxins is due to massive release of acetylcholine in vivo. PMID- 6985565 TI - [Formation of antibiotic JI-20B by a culture of Streptomyces flavovirens]. AB - An actinomycetous culture having an antibiotic action on gram-positive and gram negative bacteria was isolated from a soil sample collected in the region of the Balaton Lake. As a result of the taxonomic study the culture was classified as Str. flavovirens. Waksman, Henrici (1948). Examination of antimicrobial properties of the antibiotic and chromatographic and mass-spectroscopic studies allowed one to classify it as an aminoglycoside belonging to the gentamicin group. The antibiotic was designated as J120-B. Until recently such antibiotics were known to be produced only by Micromonospora. PMID- 6985566 TI - Studies on the importance of the asparagine residue in oxytocin. Synthesis and some pharmacological properties of [1-alpha-mercaptoacetic acid, 5-isoasparagine] oxytocin. AB - [1-Alpha-Mercaptoacetic acid, 5-isoasparagine] oxytocin was synthesized to study the effects of moving the side chain carboxamide group of the amino acid residue in position 5 of oxytocin from the beta to the alpha position. The analog has an isoasparagine residue in position 5 and the 20-membered ring size of oxytocin is maintained by substituting cysteine in position 1 of oxytocin by alpha mercaptoacetic acid. The analog was found to possess 0.098 +/- 0.002 U/mg of uterotonic activity but no milk-ejecting, antidiuretic or rat pressor activity could be detected. The substance did not inhibit the uterotonic or milk-ejecting activity induced by oxytocin nor the antidiuretic or rat pressor responses to the USP posterior pituitary standard. These results, together with the data available in the literature, indicate that an analog of oxytocin lacking the asparagine residue in position 5 is neither an agonist nor an antagonist. The observations may mean that the asparagine residue is critically important for the interaction of oxytocin with its receptor. PMID- 6985568 TI - Partial denture technique. 3.--Supporting the denture. PMID- 6985567 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a spinach chloroplast isoleucine tRNA. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a spinach chloroplast isoleucine tRNA (spinach chloroplast tRNAIle1) has been determined. This tRNA has an unusual structural feature in that it contains an extra non-base paired nucleotide within the double stranded anticodon stem. Spinach chloroplast tRNAIle1 shows surprisingly little homology to other isoleucine tRNAs. Moreover, the homology it does show is essentially equal for the isoleucine tRNAs from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and chloroplasts. In addition, this tRNA is as homologous to the methionine elongator tRNAs of Escherichia coli and spinach chloroplasts as it is to other isoleucine tRNAs. Spinach chloroplast tRNA1Ile contains the modified residue N2,N2 dimethylguanosine which is characteristically found in eukaryotic but not in prokaryotic tRNAs. PMID- 6985570 TI - The site of action of 2,4-dinitrophenol and salicylic acid upon the uncoupler induced K+ efflux from non-metabolizing yeast. AB - Stimulation of K+ efflux from non-metabolizing yeast cells by 2,4-dinitrophenol or by salicylic acid occurs only after accumulation of the compounds into the cells, indicating that the site of action of the uncouplers is inside the cells. A correlation is found between the partition ratio of the lipophilic cation dibenzyldimethylammonium between cells and medium and the rate of K+ efflux. PMID- 6985572 TI - University programs for RN's. PMID- 6985569 TI - Amino acid uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane vesicles. AB - A procedure is described which allows for the efficient separation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membranes from other cellular membranes by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. After vesiculization in an osmotic stabilization buffer the plasma membrane vesicles retain the ability to transport amino acids. Amino acid uptake was affected by the proton gradient dissipator m-chlorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone and was dependent, in some cases, on the presence of sodium ion. PMID- 6985571 TI - Triggering of lymphocyte capping appears not to require changes in potential or ion fluxes across the plasma membrane. AB - Capping induced by anti-Ig antibody on mouse spleen lymphocytes was found to proceed normally over a wide range of membrane potentials from approx. 0 to -65 mV, as estimated with fluorescent probes. The potential was manipulated by ionic substitution in the medium and/or application of gramicidin. Various agents which inhibit capping had differing effects on the membrane potential, some producing no measurable change, others depolarising the cells. In particular valinomycin (10-7 M) was found to inhibit capping in cells both slightly hyperpolarised from the normal resting potential, and fully depolarised. Valinomycin was found to deplete the lymphocytes markedly of ATP and this effect was sufficient to account for the inhibition of capping. Capping occurred in a simplified (sucrose) medium lacking Na+, K+ and Ca2+, suggesting that fluxes across the plasma membrane of these ions are not required. It is concluded that after ligand binding, some reorganisation of receptor protein at the inner face of the membrane is the sufficient stimulus for the intracellular rearrangements involved in capping. PMID- 6985573 TI - Receptors under pressure. An update on baroreceptors. PMID- 6985574 TI - Continuous positive-pressure ventilation decreases right and left ventricular end diastolic volumes in the dog. AB - We investigated the mechanism(s) responsible for the decreased cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV). Seven dogs were anesthetized with chloralose-urethane, intubated, and ventilated using a volume ventilator. We measured heart rate, stroke volume, and the determinants of stroke volume: left and right ventricular end-diastolic volumes, isovolumic and ejection phase indices of myocardial contractility, and pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures. Myocardial blood flow was estimated using radioactive microspheres. Variables were measured during a control period of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV), 8-20 minutes after the initiation of CPPV using 12 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and 8-20 minutes after the removal of PEEP. CPPV decreased cardiac output but did not affect total or regional myocardial blood flow or the ratio of subendocardial to subepicardial blood flow. Isovolumic and ejection phase indices of myocardial cointractility, heart rate, and systemic arterial pressure did not change during CPPV. Right and left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes decreased markedly during CPPV. We conclude that CPPV decreases cardiac output in accordance with Starling's law by decreasing preload. PMID- 6985575 TI - Constrasts and similarities of acute hemodynamic responses to specific antagonism of angiotensin II ([Sar1, Thr8] A II) and to inhibition of converting enzyme (captopril). AB - The early blood pressure and hemodynamic effects of the converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI), captopril, were compared in 23 hypertensive patients with those of a specific angiotensin II antagonist (AA), [Sar1, Thr8] A II. AA reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) greater than 10 mm Hg only in seven of 23 patients vs 15 of 23 who responded to CEI (p less than 0.02). With both drugs, changes in MAP were not associated with significant changes in cardiac output (p greater than 0.10 for both drugs), but correlated with changes in systemic resistance (TPR); r = 0.84, p less than 0.001 for AA and r = 0.71, p less than 0.001 for CEI. Changes in TPR and MAP correlated significantly and inversely with log plasma renin activity in both instances; for AA, r = 0.829 and for CEI, r = -0.737; p less than 0.001 for both. The slopes of the two regression lines were not significantly different but the intercepts were +8.47 mm Hg for AA vs -10.17 mm Hg for CEI (p less than 0.001). This quantitative difference in response could be attributed either to an agonistic effect of [Sar1, Thr8] A II or to an additional vasodilator effect of captopril. PMID- 6985577 TI - Prevention of cardiovascular disease and risk-factor intervention trials. PMID- 6985576 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias after chronic embolization of the sinus node artery: alterations in parasympathetic pacemaker control. AB - Embolization of the sinus node artery was accomplished in dogs by injecting rapidly hardening vinyl latex into the sinus node artery. Embolization immediately shifted the pacemaker to a junctional focus; however, with time postoperatively, the pacemaker shifted to an atrial site. Variable episodes of pacemaker failure, sinoatrial block, junctional rhythm, wandering atrial pacemaker and idioventricular escape rhythms were commonly observed on Holter monitor in isolation but only rarely when the dog was in the laboratory. Severe bradycardia (38.9 +/- 3.7 beats/min) was the predominant rhythm by 3-6 months postoperatively. In addition, these same dogs had a greater overall increase in heart rate after atropine than normal dogs (17.5 +/- 13.5 vs 116.6 +/- 15.9 beats/min above control; p less than 0.02). Responses to vagal stimulation in this group were abnormal, as long periods of asystole and bradycardia were observed after stimulation was terminated. These data suggest an alteration in parasympathetic pacemaker control after chronic embolization of the sinus node artery. PMID- 6985578 TI - Nutritional requirements in health. PMID- 6985579 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome after Placidyl abuse. AB - A case of intravenous Placidyl injection is described which resulted in pulmonary pathophysiology consistent with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Concise documentation of pulmonary and hemodynamic function demonstrated the dramatic response to PEEP therapy. Previously reported cases, mechanisms, and similarity to heroin-induced ARDS are discussed. PMID- 6985580 TI - Postradiation atrophy of mature bone. AB - The growing number of oncological patients subjected to radiogherapy require the diagnostic radiologist to be aware of expected bone changes following irradiation and the differentiation of this entity from metastasis. The primary event of radiation damage to bone is atrophy and true necrosis of bone is uncommon. The postradiation atrophic changes of bone are the result of combined cellular and vascular damage, the former being more important. The damage to the osteoblast resulting in decreased matrix production is apparently the primary histopathologic event. Radiation damaged bone is susceptible to superimposed complications of fracture, infection, necrosis, and sarcoma. The primary radiographic evidence of atrophy, localized osteopenia, is late in appearing, mainly because of the relative insensitivity of radiographs in detecting demineralization. Contrary to former views, the mature bone is quite radiosensitive and reacts quickly to even small doses of radiation. In vivo midrodensitometric analysis and radionuclide bone and bone marrow scans can reveal early changes following irradiation. The differentiation of postirradiation atrophy and metastasis may be difficult. Biopsy should be the last resort because of the possibility of causing true necrosis in atrophic bone by trauma and infection. PMID- 6985581 TI - Radiological assessment of maturity and size of the newborn infant. PMID- 6985582 TI - Regional differences in the development of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone nerve endings in the rat. AB - The maturing process of LHRH nerve endings in the developing rat brain was systematically studied by immunohistochemistry. LHRH was first detected in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) at the 19th day of gestation, thereafter increasing in amount until it reached the adult level 2 weeks after birth. This increment was accompanied by certain morphological changes, particularly notable was an increase of vascular invasion. LHRH in the median eminence (ME) was detected in only one fetus on the 21st day of gestation and was still not prominent on the 1st neonatal day. From the 2nd neonatal day onward, LHRH was observed in the ME of all animals in the area above the tuberoinfundibular sulcus, from which it extended during the next 2 weeks to the superior labium of the infundibulum at the caudal part of the ME. The gradual accumulation of LHRH continued towards puberty accompanied by growth of the infundibular process without alteration of the immunohistochemical pattern. This differential development of LHRH in the OVLT and ME may indicate the existence of different neuropathways of LHRH and, furthermore, different roles for LHRH in the OVLT and ME. PMID- 6985585 TI - Feedback effects of the testis on pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone infusions in the ram. PMID- 6985584 TI - Interactions of porcine follicular fluid with ovarian steroids and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on the the secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone by cultured pituitary cells. PMID- 6985583 TI - Similarities in the stimulus-secretion coupling mechanisms of glucose- and 2-keto acid-induced insulin release. AB - The stimulus-secretion coupling of 2-keto acid-induced insulin release was investigated using 2-ketoisocaproate (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate) as the principal model secretagogue. 2-Ketoisocaproate and 2-ketocaproate (2-oxo-, hexanoate) provoked changes in B cell electrical behavior characterized by an initial depolarization of the membrane potential, followed by rapid spike activity, which appeared either in a bursting pattern or as continuous activity. The onset of spike activity induced by 2-ketoisocaproate (5 mM) was biphasic in nature. The dynamic pattern of 2-ketoisocaproate-induced insulin release was also biphasic. 2 [U-14C]Ketoisocaproate (10 mM) was oxidized in islet tissue at a rate equivalent to that of [U-14C]glucose (17 mM) and a t a higher rate than 2-ketoisovalerate (3 methyl-2-oxobutyrate) and 2-keto-3-methyl-valerate, which were poor secretagogues. Like glucose, 2-ketoisocaproate provoked characteristic changes in 86Rb and 45Ca efflux from prelabeled islets and stimulated 45Ca net uptake. Proinsulin synthesis was stimulated by 2-ketoisocaproate through both a general effect on protein synthesis and a specific effect on hormonal biosynthesis. 2 Ketoisocaproate and 2-ketocaproate reproduced the effect of glucose on the islet content of ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD+, NADH, NADP+, and NADPH. These findings together with a series of observations on the effects upon the above parameters of site specific inhibitors, e.g. respiratory inhibitors, suloctidil, theophylline, and epinephrine, suggested that the stimulus-secretion-coupling mechanisms for 2 ketoisocaproate- and glucose-induced release are similar. It is postulated that glucose- and 2-keto acid-induced insulin release may be initiated by a common signal. PMID- 6985586 TI - Effect of ovariectomy and adrenalectomy on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in pituitary stalk blood from female rats. PMID- 6985587 TI - Modulation of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone levels by intracranial and subcutaneous implants of gonadal steroids in castrated rats: effects of androgen and estrogen antagonists. PMID- 6985588 TI - Effects of 6-hydroxy-, 6-fluoro-, and 4,6-difluoromelatonin on the in vitro pituitary response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - The effects of 6-hydroxy-, 6-fluoro-, and 4,6-difluoromelatonin on the pituitary LH response to LHRH were studied in organ culture. Anterior pituitary glands obtained from 5-day-old female rats and maintained in culture in control medium for 24 h were incubated for an additional 6 h with the test substances. Medium LH content was determined by double antibody RIA. 6-Hydroxymelatonin, the primary metabolite of melatonin after iv administration, had no detectable effect on either basal or LHRH-stimulated release of LH when tested at concentrations up to 10(-6) M. This finding demonstrates that hydroxylation in position 6 will inactivate melatonin with regard to its pituitary effect. By contrast, 6-fluoro- and 4,6-difluoromelatonin at nanomolar concentrations both markedly suppressed the LH response to LHRH. Fluorine substitution for hydrogen in position 6, therefore, does not detectably interfere with activation of the pituitary melatonin receptor. Furthermore, in view of the increased strength of the carbon fluorine bond compared to the carbon-hydrogen bond, the 6-fluoro analogs should be less susceptible than melatonin to inactivation by hydroxylation in position 6. These analogs, therefore, may be useful as long acting inhibitors of reproductive function in the intact animal. PMID- 6985589 TI - Acute hyperkinesia after hypothalamic lesions: a comparison of the time course, level, and type of hyperkinesia induced by ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic lesions in rats. PMID- 6985590 TI - Cellular multiplication in Yoshida ascitic tumor in the rat after electrothermocoagulation of the tuberoinfundibular region of the hypothalamus. PMID- 6985592 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: antigenic invariance of the cell surface glycoprotein. PMID- 6985591 TI - Dictyocaulus viviparus: migration in agar of larvae subjected to a variety of physicochemical exposures. PMID- 6985593 TI - Plasmodium berghei: premunition, sterile immunity, and loss of immunity in mice. PMID- 6985594 TI - Plasmodium berghei: T cell-dependent autoimmunity. PMID- 6985595 TI - GM1 ganglioside as a marker for neuronal differentiation in mouse cerebellum. PMID- 6985596 TI - Altered in vitro phosphorylation of specific proteins accompanies fertilization of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs. PMID- 6985597 TI - Hemochromatosis: 1980 update. PMID- 6985598 TI - Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. PMID- 6985599 TI - Elemental diets--facts and fantasies. PMID- 6985600 TI - Right to abortion: the courts versus the legislatures. PMID- 6985602 TI - Manpower a key health issue for '80. PMID- 6985601 TI - American Hospital Association directory of officers, trustees, councils, and committees for 1980. PMID- 6985603 TI - Intensive care reaches silver anniversary. AB - The concept of special care units has grown to the point that nearly every hospital has at least one, and there are more units than there are hospitals. PMID- 6985604 TI - Starting a hospice requires tenacity, high standards. AB - Before a hospice program can be developed, the term "hospice" must be applied to a given program with a particular organizational base. Programs must then identify a target population needing care, decide whether to seek licensure or to cooperate with licensed institutions, and train an energetic, dedicated staff. PMID- 6985605 TI - Immunochemistry of Salmonella O-antigens: specificity of rabbit antibodies against the O-antigen 2 determinant elicited by whole bacteria and 3-O-alpha paratopyranosyl-D-mannopyranosyl conjugated to bovine serum albumin. AB - The binding specificities of antibodies directed against the Salmonella sero group A-specific O-antigen 2 determinant were characterized by precipitation inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition tests. Two different antigen O-2-specific antisera were investigated: one conventional factor O-2 serum (elicited by whole heat-killed Salmonella paratyphi A bacteria) and another elicited by the synthetic disaccharide 3-O-a-paratopyranosyl-D-mannopyranosyl (formula: see text) covalently linked via a p-isothiocyanatophenyl aglycon to bovine serum albumin (PM-BSA). The inhibition data showed that factor O-2 antibodies have combining sites which recognize structures larger than the (formula: see text) disaccharide and equal to or smaller than an O-antigen O-2 specific octasaccharide derived from the S. paratyphi A O-polysaccharide. Although the factor O-2 serum exhibited a high specificity for the homologous S. paratyphi A O-antigen it still precipitated, though weakly, a heterologous Salmonella typhimurium O-antigen. In contrast, anti-PM-BSA antibodies were exclusively specific for the O-2 determinant of the native polysaccharide antigen. The combining sites of these antibodies best recognized the (formula: see text) disaccharide, including the linkage arm and the lysyl residue of the BSA carrier protein molecule. These data extend earlier findings as to the superior specificity of anti-PM-BSA antibodies as compared to conventional factor O-2 antibodies. PMID- 6985606 TI - Interaction of a new polypeptide with yeast RNA polymerase B. AB - A basic 37,000-dalton protein (P37), purified from yeast cells, interacts with yeast RNA polymerase B and drastically increases its specific activity. A complex of P37 and RNA polymerase can be isolated by sedimentation through a glycerol gradient. The complex is dissociated at the ionic strength of 0.9. The preferential binding of P37 with RNA polymerase form BI (with the unproteolyzed B220 subunit) was visualized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. Kinetic analysis of the RNA polymerase cofactor interaction indicated that the dissociation constant for the complex is 5 X 10( 8) M. PMID- 6985607 TI - Kinetics of ribosome dissociation and subunit association. The role of initiation factor IF3 as an effector. PMID- 6985608 TI - Amino acid sequence of the signal peptide of ompA protein, a major outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli. AB - The structural gene for ompA protein, a major outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli, was cloned using the plasmid cloning vehicle, pMF21. The DNA sequence corresponding to the signal peptide of pro-ompA protein, a secretory precursor of ompA protein, was determined. The amino acid sequence of the signal peptide was deduced from the DNA sequence as follows: Met-Lys-Lys-Thr-Ala-Ile-Ala Ile-Ala-Val-Ala-Leu-Ala-Gly-Phe-Ala-Thr-Val-Ala-Gin-Ala-. The amino acid sequence complies with all the features of the loop model proposed for the mechanism of protein secretion across the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 6985609 TI - Isolation of a unique collagenous fraction from limited pepsin digests of human placental tissue. Characterization of one of the constituent polypeptide chains. AB - Fractionation of the highly soluble collagens released during limited pepsin digestion of whole human placenta has resulted in the isolation of a unique collagenous fraction comprised exclusively of high molecular weight aggregates. On reduction and alkylation, the aggregates dissociated yielding collagen-like polypeptides with an apparent Mr = 40,000 as well as a heterogeneous mixture of much smaller noncollagenous peptides. Ion exchange chromatography of the collagen like, 40,000-dalton subunits results in recovery of a single relatively acidic component and a mixture of at least two relatively basic components. Both the basic and acidic components contain large amounts of cysteine, hydroxylysine glycosides, and glucosamine, and exhibit compositional features indicative of the presence of collagenous and noncollagenous domains. These unusual features have been verified for the more acidic component through isolation of its major cyanogen bromide cleavage products. Characterization of the cyanogen bromide fragments further indicated that this particular subunit is characterized by alternating collagenous and noncollagenous domains as opposed to a lengthy collagenous domain which is either preceded or followed by noncollagenous sequences. The molecular organization and possible derivation of these unique pepsin-resistant collagenous components is discussed. PMID- 6985610 TI - Cation/proton antiport systems in Escherichia coli. Properties of the potassium/proton antiporter. AB - The potassium/proton antiport system of Escherichia coli has been characterized by the effect of monovalent cations on the pH gradient formed by oxidation of lactate in everted membrane vesicles. Substrates of the system include K+, Na+, Li+, Rb+, and Tl+. The antiporter could also be assayed by uptake of 204Tl+ into everted vesicles. The antiporter exhibits a basic pH optimum and catalyzes electroneutral proton/cation exchange. Antiporter activity is trypsin-sensitive, but trypsin inactivation is prevented by prior formation of an electrochemical proton gradient. Two other proton/cation exchangers, the Na+/H+ and Ca2+/H+ antiporters, were unaffected by the trypsin treatment. Regulation of cytosolic pH by K+/H+ exchange is postulated, where proton return to the cytosol by the K+/H+ antiporter prevents alkalinization of the cytosol during proton extrusion associated with the formation of a protonmotive force or during growth at alkaline pH. PMID- 6985611 TI - Intermittent swimming in live sea urchin sperm. AB - Sperm of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla repeatedly start and stop swimming when suspended in seawater and observed by dark-field microscopy. While in the quiescent state, which usually lasts about a second, the sperm assume s shape resembling a cane, with a sharp bend of approximately 3.4 rad in the proximal region of the flagellum and very little curvature in the rest of the flagellum except for a slight curve near the tip. The occurrence of quiescence requires the presence of at least 2 mM Ca2+ in the seawater, and the percentage of sperm quiescent at any one time increases substantially when the sperm are illuminated with blue light. With intense illumination, close to 100% of the sperm become quiescent, and this percentage decreases gradually to approximately 0.3% over a 10(4)-fold decrease in light intensity. An increased concentration of K+ in the seawater also increases the percentage of quiescence, with a majority of the sperm being quiescent in seawater containing 80 mM KCl. The induction of quiescence by light or by increased KCl is completely inhibited by 10 micrometers chlorpromazine, and approximately 90% inhibited by 1 mM procaine or sodium barbital. Sperm treated with the divalent-cation ionophore A23187 swim quite normally, although for a relatively short period, in artificial seawater lacking divalent cations, but are abruptly arrested upon addition of 0.04--0.2 mM free Ca2%. The flagellar waveform of these arrested sperm is almost identical to that of light-induced quiescence in the live sperm. The results support the hypothesis that quiescence is induced by a rise in intracellular Ca2%, perhaps as a consequence of a membrane depolarization, and that it is similar to the arrest response in cilia. PMID- 6985612 TI - Absence of fibronectin and presence of plasminogen activator in both normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells in culture. AB - Primary monolayer cultures of normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells were tested for fibronectin by indirect immunofluorescence using antisera specific for fibronectin. This protein was not detectable on either the normal or malignant epithelial cells. Similar results were obtained for normal and malignant mouse mammary epithelial cell cultures. Control normal and transformed fibroblasts exhibited the expected result: the normal cells were positive and the transformed cells were negative. With the use of supernatant fluids from the same cultures or an agar-overlay assay on viable cells, high levels of plasminogen dependent fibrinolytic activity were detectable in both the normal and malignant mammary cells. Thus, two characteristics that distinguish normal from transformed fibroblasts do not serve as markers of malignancy in mammary epithelial/carcinoma systems. PMID- 6985614 TI - Correlation of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor-induced luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release from infancy to 19 years with the changing pattern of gonadotropin secretion in agonadal patients: relation to the restraint of puberty. PMID- 6985613 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of calmodulin and a heat-labile calmodulin binding protein (CaM-BP80) in basal ganglia of mouse brain. AB - Antisera to calmodulin, a Ca2%-dependent modulator protein, and a heat-labile calmodulin-binding protein have been used to localize these proteins in mouse caudate-putamen. The two proteins appear to be located at identical sites in this brain area. At the light microscopic level, calmodulin and calmodulin-binding protein are found within the cytoplasm and processes of large cells. At the electron microscopic level the proteins are associated with neuronal elements only, primarily at postsynaptic sites within neuronal somata and dendrites. Within the dendrites the immunocytochemical label is associated predominantly with the postsynaptic density and dendritic microtubules. These results are in accord with recent biochemical and immunihistochemical studies of calmodulin in brain and in dividing cells. Thus, calmodulin and the heat-labile calmodulin binding protein may play a role in the nervous system at the site of neurotransmitter action and at the level of microtubular function. PMID- 6985615 TI - Gonadotropin-estradiol responses to a superactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist in women. AB - After the sc administration of 1, 10, and 50 micrograms of the LRF agonist [D Trp6,Pro9,NEt]LRF, dose-dependent increments in circulating levels of LH, FSH, and estradiol were observed which were 2- to 3-fold greater in the late than in the early follicular phase. The 10-microgram dose of LFR agonist appears to induce a maximal acute gonadotropin-estradiol response. Both 10- and 50-microgram doses of the agonist elicited gonadotropin increments which were several times greater than that seen during the midcycle surge. The only difference between the two doses was the more sustained action on gonadotropin release of the latter. It is estimated that this superactive LRF agonist is approximately 140 times more potent than the decapeptide LRF. These observations provide information useful in the application of this LRF agonist for clinical studies. PMID- 6985616 TI - Adaptations of alpha2- and beta-cells of rat and mouse pancreatic islets to starvation, to refeeding after starvation, and to obesity. AB - The effects of starvation and refeeding and of obesity on pancreatic alpha2- and beta-cell responses to glucose or tolbutamide were studied with the isolated rat or mouse pancreas perfused with an amino acid mixture in the presence and absence of glucose. It was observed that the physiological adaptation to a regimen of fasting and realimentation and to obesity differed greatly in the two types of endocrine cells. Whereas beta-cells of rats showed a dramatic reduction of glucose- and tolbutamide-stimulated insulin release during starvation that was reversed by refeeding, alpha2-cells preserved their response to stimulators and inhibitors during this experimental manipulation. Amino acid stimulation of glucagon release occurred equally well with the pancreas from fed and starved rats and was suppressed efficiently by glucose and tolbutamide in both nutritional states. Surprisingly, the rate of onset of glucose suppression of alpha2-cells was significantly higher in the fasted than in the fed state. This glucose hypersensitivity was apparent 2 d after after food deprivation and had disappeared again on the 2nd d of refeeding. In the pancreas from animals starved for 3 d, glucose and tolbutamide suppression of alpha2-cells took place in the absence of demonstrable changes of insulin release. In the isolated perfused pancreas taken from the hyperphagic obese hyperglycemic mouse (C57 Black/6J; ob/ob), the observed rate of insulin secretion as a result of a combined stimulus of amino acids and glucose and of glucagon release stimulated by amino acids was about four times higher than achieved by the pancreas of lean controls. However, glucose was unable to suppress the alpha2-cells in the pancreas of obese animals, in spite of the hypersection of the beta-cells, again in contrast to the alpha2 cells of controls that were readily inhibited by glucose. These data imply that the acute suppression of alpha2-cells by glucose is largely independent of a concomitant surge of extracellular insulin levels and that the adaptation of the islet organ to starvation leads to decreased glucose sensitivity of beta-cells, which contrasts with an improved glucose responsiveness of alpha2-cells. However, hyperphagia, which is assumed to be the primary abnormality in the ob/ob mouse, leads to overproduction of insulin and glucagon by the pancreas while greatly reducing the alpha2-cell sensitivity to glucose. An attempt is made to incorporate these data on starvation, refeeding, and obesity, as well as previous results with experimental diabetes, in a comprehensive picture describing a regulative principle underlying the glucose responsivness of alpha2-cells. PMID- 6985619 TI - Drs, Baume, Aggeryd assume top posts at FDI meeting. PMID- 6985618 TI - Article by British dentist gets recognition--28 years later (Dr. V. E. Ireland) PMID- 6985617 TI - Influence of the Escherichia coli capsule on complement fixation and on phagocytosis and killing by human phagocytes. AB - To define mechanisms by which polysaccharide capsules confer enhanced virulence on gram-negative bacteria, we examined the effect of the Escherichia coli capsule on complement fixation to the bacterial surface and on phagocytosis and killing of these bacteria by mouse macrophages and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes. When E. coli were attached to mouse macrophages with concanavalin A, the macrophages readily phagocytosed unencapsulated but not encapsulated bacteria even in the presence of fresh mouse serum; macrophages did not phagocytose encapsulated E. coli unless antibacterial or anti-Con A antibody was added. Similarly, when these bacteria were attached to human PMN with Con A, PMN ingested unencapsulated but not encapsulated E. coli. PMN phagocytosed and killed encapsulated serum-resistant E. coli only in the presence of both complement and antibacterial antibody; PMN phagocytosed and killed unencapsulated E. coli of the same strain in the presence of complement alone. Fluorescence microscopy showed that antibody had to be present for encapsulated but not unencapsulated E. coli to fix complement to its surface. To examine the role of the complement receptors of human PMN and monocytes in phagocytosis and killing of encapsulated E. coli, we used human and rabbit antibacterial immunoglobulin (Ig)M to fix complement to the bacteria. PMN and monocytes phagocytosed and killed encapsulated E. coli in the presence of both IgM and complement, but not in the presence of either serum opsonin alone. In the presence of antibacterial IgG, PMN and monocytes required complement to effectively phagocytose and kill the E. coli. We conclude that (a) attachment by itself results in ingestion of unencapsulated but not encapsulated E. coli; (b) under physiologic conditions, E. coli are not phagocytosed or killed the absence of antibody, the E. coli capsule blocks complement fixation to the bacterial surface probably by masking surface components, such as lipopolysaccharide, capable of activating the complement pathway; (d) the E. coli capsule imposes a requirement for specific antibacterial antibody for complement fixation; and (e) the complement receptor of human PMN and monocytes mediates phagocytoses of complement-coated encapsulated bacteria and is the primary mediator of phagocytosis and killing of these bacteria. PMID- 6985620 TI - Jaw forces. PMID- 6985621 TI - The presidents. Phineas George Canning Hunt, 1872--1873. PMID- 6985622 TI - Nothing new under the sun: an examination of newly discovered inventions and techniques. AB - Dental practitioners of generations ago had the foresight and ingenuity to produce many useful ideas and techniques that, unfortunately, were forgotten. Great effort could have been spared had closer attention been given to the inventions and successes of our forebears. Perhaps, the status of dentistry might be even greater had we been more aware of our heritage and had we built on our history. PMID- 6985623 TI - Effects of contamination and mechanical disturbance on the quality of acid-etched enamel. PMID- 6985624 TI - Effect of residual mercury content on creep in dental amalgams. AB - For most of the tested amalgams, the increased mercury content caused by delayed compaction increases the flow or creep. The amalgams that had high creep values when packed early were decidedly affected by the increase in mercury content caused by delay in compaction. Amalgams made with Dispersalloy, Tytin, Sybraloy, and New True Dentalloy are not as sensitive to the mercury content as are some of the others tested. Tests for creep may be related more to clinical practice if they are performed on specimens compacted three minutes after trituration rather than on specimens compacted immediately (a half minute) after trituration. In clinical practice, small amounts of amalgam should be mixed and used immediately after trituration. If the delay between trituration and compaction is longer than three minutes, additional mixes are required. We therefore conclude that, in making a large amalgam restoration, many small mixes have superior results over one large mix. PMID- 6985625 TI - Fabrication of a maxillary complete denture utilizing the neuromuscular or centric occlusion position. AB - The patient was unable to wear a maxillary complete denture that had been made from a verifiable record in the centric jaw relation position or terminal hinge position. When she brought her teeth together, only a few touched. Clinical examination showed that this patient had a discrepancy of approximately 3 mm anteroposteriorly and a discrepancy of 1 mm mediolaterally between the terminal hinge position and the centric occlusion or neuromuscular position. A new denture was made for the patient. The neuromuscular position was used as the starting position and as the position of maximum intercuspation (centric occlusion), and the terminal hinge position was used as a mounted border position of reference for occlusal adjustment and equilibration. PMID- 6985626 TI - Contributions of orthodontists to organized dentistry. AB - The first specialty board in dentistry has been celebrating its 50th anniversary. The need for the specialty and for presenting orthodontic diagnosis and classification at the undergraduate level remains. The orthodontic specialty has contributed an active source of leadership to all of dentistry and is proud to share in the common heritage of service to the public and in responsibility to the patient. PMID- 6985627 TI - Health science on stamps. PMID- 6985629 TI - Expansion of the Acceptance Program for dental materials and devices: orthodontic brackets. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 6985628 TI - An analysis of dental practice from 1952 to 1976. Council on Dental Practice and Bureau of Economic and Behavioral Research. AB - From 1952 through 1976, dentists have changed the organization and configuration of their practices in response to several economic, scientific, and personal factors. For instance, there has been an increase in the number of dentists who are shareholders in incorporated practices or who are involved in various cost sharing arrangements. Technological advances and the increased use of auxiliaries have allowed dentists to provide more dental services in a shorter time, increasing their potential productivity. This is reflected in the increase in the numbers of patients, visits, and visits per hour from 1952 to 1972, and in turn may contribute to the decrease in office hours, allowing dentists to pursue other business or personal interests. Changes in the size of practice may signify innovations in technology and training as well as reflect dentists' personal preferences. PMID- 6985630 TI - The radioallergosorbent test: Uses and abuses. PMID- 6985632 TI - Current publications in gerontology and geriatrics. PMID- 6985631 TI - Effect of thymosin on lymphocytes from patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and endocrinopathies. PMID- 6985633 TI - Meet your leaders: Delores M. Alford. PMID- 6985634 TI - Stability of DNA/anti-DNA complexes. II. Salt lability and avidity. AB - The kinetics of dissociation of antibody-radiolabeled dsDNA (homogeneous PM2 DNA or sonicated dsDNA of m.w. 6 x 10(5)) complexes at 37 degrees C have been examined via three independent radioimmunoassays: the Farr, Millipore Filter, and PEG assays. Two different procedures were used to study the kinetics. Either excess unlabeled DNA or high salt concentrations were employed to induce complex dissociation. Our results suggest that typical SLE sera contain at least two distinct populations of anti-dsDNA antibodies. One population is of rather high avidity and dissociates slowly in the presence of excess DNA or high salt. The other population is of considerably lower avidity and is dissociated more rapidly under these conditions. The results of a double label dissociation kinetics study provide independent evidence supporting this hypothesis. PMID- 6985635 TI - Immunochemical demonstration of cryoprecipitable anti-native DNA antibody and DNA in the serum of patients with glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6985636 TI - Alterations of antibody response in female mice after neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 6985638 TI - Genetic control of susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium in mice: role of the LPS gene. PMID- 6985637 TI - Identification of ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide as a new cell surface marker for murine natural killer (NK) cells. AB - The BCG-induced NK cell activity of murine peritoneal exudate cells was abolished by preincubation of effector cells with anti-ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide (anti asialo GM1) and C but not with other anti-glycolipid antibodies, anti-ganglioside GM1, anti-globoside, and anti-ganglio-N-triosylceramide (anti-asialo GM2). In contrast, the cytotoxic activity of alloimmune T cells was not affected by treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antisera. These findings suggest that asialo GM1 display may be characteristic of NK cell populations and aid in the isolation of this population of cytotoxic cells. PMID- 6985639 TI - Analysis of cytotoxic effector cell populations by kinetic and monolayer adsorption techniques. AB - Cytolytically active lymphocytes were generated by immunizations between rat strains and evaluated by both kinetic and monolayer adsorption techniques. Kinetic analysis yields two values (Ka and Vmax), which are characteristic of interactions between individual effector and target cell populations. The Ka values this obtained correlate with the quantitative level of adsorption of CTL onto cellular monolayers, and we conclude that Ka is a measure of the binding avidity of effector and target cells. PMID- 6985640 TI - Studies on group A streptococcal M-proteins: purification of type 5 M-protein and comparison of its amino terminal sequence with two immunologically unrelated M protein molecules. AB - M-protein was isolated from group A, type 5, streptococci by limited proteolysis with pepsin and purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex followed by gel filtration. The protein thus purified (Pep M5) was homogeneous by SDS polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (apparent m.w.: 19,000), retained the capacity to remove opsonic antibodies from type 5 antiserum, and was capable of eliciting opsonic antibodies in rabbits. Its amino acid composition was very similar to that reported for M-proteins from other streptococcal types. The sequence of the first 29 amino terminal residues of Pep M5 was determined and compared with the reported amino terminal sequences of two immunologically unrelated M-proteins, namely, Pep M6 and Pep M24. The results revealed that, although the amino terminal sequences fo these three proteins differed from each other, some amino acid residues appeared to be conserved, suggesting a certain degree of structural relatedness among these M molecules. The possibility that this feature forms the molecular basis for the common antiphagocytic behavior of immunologically unrelated M-proteins is discussed. PMID- 6985642 TI - Effector mechanisms of cytolytically activated macrophages. II. Secretion of a cytolytic factor by activated macrophages and its relationship to secreted neutral proteases. PMID- 6985641 TI - Effector mechanisms of cytolytically activated macrophages. I. Secretion of neutral proteases and effect of protease inhibitors. AB - Peritoneal macrophages from C56BL/6J mice, when activated by bacillus Calmette Guerin, lysed syngeneic MCA-I sarcoma targets but not syngeneic embryo fibroblasts. Inflammatory macrophages elicited by concanavalin A (Con A) did not appreciably lyse either target. The activated macrophages secreted more neutral proteases into the extracellular compartment, both absolutely and relative to intracellular content, than did the Con A inflammatory macrophages. Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) (750 KIU/ml) and diisopropylfluorophosphate (2 x 10(-3) M) inhibited cytolysis of neoplastic targets by the activated macrophages. The BPTI had to be present during the 48-hr macrophage-tumor cell interaction to reduce cytolysis; pretreatment of either the macrophages or the targets by the BPTI did not reduce cytolysis. The inhibitors, at the concentrations found to inhibit cytolysis, were not toxic to the macrophages as judged by morphology, by the ability of the macrophages to incorporate leucine into protein, and by the potential for cytolytic activation of the macrophages in vitro. It is suggested that neutral serine protease(s) secreted by activated macrophages participate in the cytolytic destruction of neoplastic cells. PMID- 6985644 TI - Lipopolysaccharide regulation of the immune response: comparison of responses to LPS in germfree, Escherichia coli-monoassociated and conventional mice. PMID- 6985643 TI - Inhibition of mitogen-induced polyclonal activation by by a synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide (MDP). AB - A synthetic adjuvant, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), was previously shown to enhance polyclonal antibody response in murine spleen cell cultures. When MDP was added to the culture together with a potent murine B cell mitogen (such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)), it inhibited completely the LPS-induced polyclonal activation without affecting either the 3H-thymidine incorporation or the number of blast cells in cultures. Strong suppression of mitogen-induced polyclonal activation by MDP was obtained by using a large range of cell concentrations in cultures and over various dosage levels of the stimulating mitogens (LPS and NWSM). An inhibition could be obtained even when MDP was added 24 hr after the addition of the mitogen, and highly significant suppression was observed in the absence of cell division in the cultures. PMID- 6985645 TI - Heterogeneity within the population of NK and K cells. AB - Using a cellular immunoadsorbant technique, we have examined the relationship between the K cell, which mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the natural killer (NK) cell. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were allowed to adhere to monolayers of NK-sensitive target cells. PBL nonadherent to these monolayers and control PBL were then tested for both NK and ADCC activity by using a short-term 51Cr-release assay. The cytotoxic activity of nonadherent PBL was compared to that of control PBL by using the slope rati- method. In most cases, the extent of depletion of NK was greater than that of ADCC; however, in several experiments both activities were depleted to an equivalent extent. It is concluded that a single cell can mediate both ADCC and NK and that the selectivity of a given effector cell for NK targets depends upon the particular NK recognition site(s) that the cell bears. PMID- 6985646 TI - Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in fully allogeneic bone marrow chimera in mice. AB - AKR mice were protected from lethal irradiation and established as long-lived chimeras by transplanting allogeneic C57BL/6 (B6) bone marrow that had been treated in vitro with anti-Thy-1 antiserum without complement. In these chimeras, which were designated [B6 {arrow} AKR], virtually all the thymus and spleen cells were shown to be derived from the B6 donor; several immune functions studied in these chimeras were as follows: (a) The chimeric mice were tolerant of histocompatibility antigens of both donor and recipient strain and nearly fully reactive to antigens of third party, as revealed by Simonsen's splenomegaly assay. The tolerance of these chimeras could not be attributed to suppressor cells but was compatible with clonal depletion. (b) Proliferative responses to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide as well as natural killer and antibody-dependent cell- mediated cytotoxicity activity of the chimeric mice was normal. (c) Plaque- forming cell (PFC) assays of antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) showed gross deficiency in the primary response of the [B6 {arrow} AKR] and [AKR {arrow} B6] chimeras. By contrast, [B6 H-2(k)(E(k)) {arrow} AKR] H-2-compatible chimeras and [AKR {arrow} AKR] syngeneic marrow transplanted mice had normal primary PFC responses. PFC responses after secondary stimulation with SRBC, however, revealed vigorous direct plaque formation and substantial but somewhat smaller indirect plaque formation in the [B6 {arrow} AKR] chimeras. This observation favors operationally the concept of adaptive differentiation proposed by Katz et al. (44). (d) Analysis of ability of the chimeras to develop and express delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to contact sensitizer (2,4-dinitro-l-fluorobenzene [DNFB]) showed no apparent immunodeficiency of either chimeras to this form of immunization. Development of immunologic tolerance to DNFB, however, was grossly deficient in [B6 {arrow} AKR] chimeras but normal in [AKR {arrow} AKR], [B6 {arrow} B6], and [E(k) {arrow} AKR] chimeras. These findings indicate that full chimeras across major histocompatibility complex have considerable immunologic vigor even though primary immune responses that require histocompatibility between interacting cell types are initially defective. PMID- 6985648 TI - Biochemical and immunological characterization of the extracellular nucleases of group B streptococci. AB - Nearly all group B streptococcal strains representing the five major serotypes were found to produce extracellular nucleases by screening with an agar-well diffusion technique in DNA-methyl green agar plates. Three different nucleases have been isolated and partially purified by DEAE-and carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography. They possessed different mobilities on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and different molecular weights. These nucleases, designated I, II, and III, are optimally activated by cations of calcium and manganese and exhibited RNase as well as DNase activity. Despite differences in their physical and biochemical properties, nucleases II and III appear antigenically similar, but distinct from nuclease I. These group B streptococcal nucleases are immunologically different from the nucleases of group A streptococci. Neutralizing activity, probably antibody, to nucleases II and III was found in human sera, and was most prevalent in sera of pregnant women colonized with group B streptococci and in their newborn infants. PMID- 6985647 TI - Capping and adenosine metabolism. Genetic and pharmacologic studies. AB - Capping of membrane Ig was studied in lymphocytes treated with agents that interfere with adenosine metabolism. Treatment of murine or human B cells with combinations of coformycin, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, homocysteine, and adenosine impaired Ig capping. Inhibition of capping was also produced by 3 deazaadenosine, a specific inhibitor of adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. The inhibitors did not affect capping of the Thy-1 antigen or membrane sites reactive with antilymphocyte antibodies. Two patients with a hereditary deficiency in adenosine deaminase had impairment of Ig capping. Such an impairment was not found in lymphocytes of two other patients who had undergone successful bone marrow transplantation. It is known that the addition of a calcium ionophore results in activation of microfilament function and in disruption of Ig caps. The ionophore effect was not inhibited by the agents mentioned above. Our results suggest that the inhibition of Ig capping during aberrant adenosine metabolism may be caused by a methylation defect preceding the contracticle event that produces membrane reorganization. PMID- 6985649 TI - Peripheral blood Ia-positive T cells. Increases in certain diseases and after immunization. AB - The Ia antigens, usually expressed primarily on B lymphocytes, are found on a small percentage of normal peripheral blood T cells (average 2.6% by fluorescence and 10.8% by rosette assay). Elevated levels up to 40% by both assays were observed in a high proportion of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Increases also were found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and various types of infections. The increases were evident with a specific heteroantiserum, a hybridoma reagent, and DR specific alloantisera. Normal levels were present in multiple sclerosis and an assortment of metabolic and other disorders. A rise in similarly positive T cells occurred in normal individuals after immunization with tetanus toxoid or PPD. The cells primarily involved in all of these instances were small lymphocytes, which stained relatively weakly with the fluorescent reagents and were readily distinguishable from T-cell blasts. They were found to be enriched in isolated T gamma fractions but were also found in other T cells. The accumulated evidence indicated that these cells represent an expansion of one or more subsets of T cells found in normal individuals, and that their level in the peripheral blood may serve as an index of immunological stimulation. PMID- 6985650 TI - Migration of subdural atrial shunt catheter into the pulmonary arteries. Case report. AB - A rare case of migration of a distal catheter from a subdural atrial shunt into the pulmonary arteries is presented. The indication for surgical treatment is briefly discussed. PMID- 6985651 TI - Carotid-cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Case report. AB - A case is presented of Aspergillus fumigatus granuloma involving the sphenoid sinus, sella turcica, cavernous sinus, and the internal carotid artery. The diagnosis was established by a transsphenoidal biopsy. The infection proved difficult to treat and finally remitted after chemotherapy with a combination of amphotericin B, rifampin (rifampicin), and flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine). The spectrum of aspergillosis of the central nervous system is reviewed, and difficulties in treating this infection are considered. PMID- 6985652 TI - The language of neurorraphy. PMID- 6985653 TI - Development of a computerized microstereotaxic method for localization and removal of minute CNS lesions under direct 3-D vision. Technical report. PMID- 6985654 TI - Dr. Mark elected a director of OMSPAC. PMID- 6985655 TI - Ameloblastoma of the jaws: a survey of 109 Nigerian patients. AB - A survey of 109 cases of ameloblastoma of the jaws in black Africans from Nigeria is presented. The neoplasms were removed by radical resection or by en bloc excision with preservations of the inferior border of the mandible. In selected cases, reconstruction was done using autogenous bone grafts or a Bowerman-Conroy prosthesis. Where the mandibular symphysis was not resected, adequate functional and esthetic results were achieved without reconstruction. All the bone grafts were successful, but most of the Bowerman-Conroy prostheses were rejected because of either infection or mechanical failure. Eight-year follow-up data were recorded; 35 patients were lost to follow-up, and of the 74 who were followed up, 31 (41.9%) were free of the disease for five years or more. Although complete excision was achieved in all the cases, there were three recurrences subsequent to segmental resections. PMID- 6985656 TI - Rapid detection of neonatal group B streptococcal infections by latex agglutination. PMID- 6985657 TI - Defective primary dentition in survivors of neonatal mechanical ventilation. PMID- 6985659 TI - Corticosteroids and racemic epinephrine with IPPB in the treatment of croup. PMID- 6985658 TI - Chloramphenicol toxicity in a neonate treated with exchange transfusion. PMID- 6985660 TI - Salmonella bacteremia in the first year of life. PMID- 6985661 TI - Infective endocarditis due to a nutritionally deficient streptococcus. PMID- 6985662 TI - Age-dependent sensitivity of the lamb ductus arteriosus to indomethacin and prostaglandins. AB - Endogenous prostaglandins inhibit the ability of the ductus arteriosus to contract in response to oxygen. We studied the effects of endogenous prostaglandins and indomethacin (an inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin production) on isometric contraction of isolated rings of lamb ductus arteriosus from animals of different gestational ages (98 to 103 days and 136 to 147 days; term is 150 days). Rings from animals at about 100 days' gestation have a significantly larger indomethacin-induced contraction than rings from animals near term. The lamb ductus arteriosus forms two prostaglandins that relax the vessel: postaglandin E2 and prostacyclin. PGI2 was three orders of magnitude less potent than PGE2. Rings from the younger animals were significantly more sensitive to the relaxing action of PGE2 and PGI2 than were rings from animals near term. This increased sensitivity of immature animals to endogenous prostaglandins is consistent with the more potent effect of indomethacin on rings from immature animals. These observations are also consistent with the findings that preterm infants have an increased incidence of patent ductus arteriosus and that indomethacin can constrict the ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. PMID- 6985663 TI - Redefining the posterior palatal seal on a complete denture. PMID- 6985665 TI - Impression boxing and cast pouring. AB - Boxing impressions with cornstarch and solvite is a reliable and easily mastered technique. It avoids excessive manipulation of impressions which might lead to their distortion. This method is an alternate to those presented by Bolouri and associates and Harris. PMID- 6985664 TI - A method for marking the functional depth of the floor of the mouth. AB - The fabrication and use of an instrument which can accurately mark oral tissues and allows transfer of that mark to an artificial stone cast has been discussed. This procedure is especially useful to mark the anterior floor of the mouth in its superior most position. When transferred to the diagnostic cast, the mark is a considerable aid in designing the inferior border of the major connector for a mandibular removable partial denture framework. PMID- 6985666 TI - One-step border molding of complete denture impressions using a polyether impression material. PMID- 6985667 TI - Semiprecision rest system for distal extension removable partial dentures. PMID- 6985668 TI - Motion vector analysis of an abutment for a distal-extension removable partial denture: a pilot study. AB - An investigation was conducted on the effect of various rest-clasp designs on abutment tooth movement when a testing prosthesis was subjected to vertical loading of the bilateral distal-extension base. The results did not reveal statistically significant differences among the rest-clasp designs tested. Variations in rest placement and/or clasp design had an effect on the magnitude and direction of force transmission to, and resultant movement of, the abutment tooth. Less force to the abutment tooth was recorded when a mesial rest was used with the rest-clasp designs as compared to a distal rest. Force transmission to the abutment was found to be greater when the vertical load was applied to the denture base on the same side than when applied to the opposite side of the denture base. PMID- 6985669 TI - The Journal's 30th anniversary. PMID- 6985671 TI - A two-piece radiation therapy surface mold. AB - A two-piece surface mold was designed that can facilitate the use of radium sources upon radiosensitive lesions of the palate. The prosthesis was designed to provide the necessary field dosage to the lesion as designated by the radiotherapist and to protect the normal tissue. PMID- 6985673 TI - Henry T. Ricketts, MD, diabetes specialist, dies. PMID- 6985670 TI - A new implant philosophy. AB - This form of tooth implant appears to exhibit great potential since it eliminates the disorganized connective tissue layer present at the implant/bone interface of most other devices. Also, as established for other implants, as long as a tight cuff of relatively immovable tissue exists around the polished cervical collar of an implant, an effective seal against the ingress of oral fluid and toxic irritants appears to be maintained, although the nature of this seal has yet to be determined. In addition, the epimobile superstructure serves to dissipate occlusal stress on the "ankylosed" implant. The prognosis of an implant is determined in part by its associated superstructure. There is a need for research into the loading that can be accommodated by an implant. Further study is required to ascertain the full potential of this implant system. PMID- 6985672 TI - A loading impression technique for semiprecision and precision removable partial dentures. AB - The rationale of designing a seimprecision or precision distal-extension removable partial denture and the justification of ridge loading in distal extension ridge impression techniques have been presented. The effectiveness of existing impression techniques in securing firm seats for abutment castings, accurate border extension of the denture base, and loading of the ridge mucosa has been evaluated. A technique has been described that overcomes the limitations of existing impression techniques for semiprecision and precision distal extension removable partial dentures. PMID- 6985674 TI - Forensic psychiatry. PMID- 6985675 TI - Skin immunopathology in system lupus erythematosus. AB - The role of skin immunopathology in the evaluation and management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains controversial. Four simultaneous biopsy specimens from nine patients with SLE (two from buttock and two from forearm skin) were evaluated. Specimens from eight of nine patients showed symmetrical deposits. A poor correlation of skin biopsy score and clinical activity score was noted. A positive correlation was noted between serum C3 levels and skin biopsy score, but a poor correlation was noted with criteria for active nephritis with the exception of microscopic hematuria. In most instances, findings from a single skin biopsy specimen are sufficient and of diagnostic value but correlate poorly with other measurements of disease activity. Serial studies suggested that persistence of cutaneous deposits for many months after flares of SLE may in part explain poor correlation with active disease. PMID- 6985676 TI - Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) as a cause of erythema multiforme. AB - The classic iris lesions in a patient with erythema multiforme bullosum were reproduced grossly as well as microscopically by the intradermal injection of a variety of heat-killed, Gram-negative bacteria, as well as their common endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide W. In vitro exposure of the patient's blood to these antigens induced specific fibrin microclots characteristic of a hypersensitivity state. It is possible that some cases of erythema multiforme associated with a variety of respiratory, gastrointestinal, or urinary tract infections may represent a single specific delayed sensitivity reaction to the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6985677 TI - Lavoisier. PMID- 6985678 TI - Periurethral bacterial flora in women. Prolonged intermittent colonization with Escherichia coli. AB - To determine whether the periurethral flora of women with recurrent urinary infections differ from that of women without infection, a prospective study was conducted of matched premenopausal women. Daily or alternate-day urine cultures in patients and control subjects were obtained for six months to one year, as were daily records of sexual intercourse. Periurethral colonization with the same organism preceded 29 of 31 and six of seven episodes of significant bacteriuria in patients and control subjects, respectively. Prolonged periods of intermittent colonization with the same Escherichia coli serotype were observed in both patients and control subjects. Proportion of days of colonization of E coli or other Gram-negative bacteria was not significantly different between cases and controls and was not influenced by rates of sexual intercourse. Spontaneous cure occurred despite continued sexual intercourse. PMID- 6985679 TI - Neonatal hyperglycemia following maternal diazoxide administration. PMID- 6985680 TI - Henry Tubbs Ricketts, 1901-1979. PMID- 6985682 TI - How to avoid running with Escherichia coli. PMID- 6985681 TI - Prevention of traveler's diarrhea (emporiatric enteritis). Prophylactic administration of subsalicylate bismuth). AB - The efficacy of a daily dosage regimen of subsalicylate bismuth in preventing or reducing the severity of diarrhea among young healthy adults was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diarrhea developed in 14 (23%) of 62 students receiving subsalicylate bismuth compared with 40 (61%) of 66 students taking a placebo. The protective effect of subsalicylate bismuth was apparent within a day or two of the study onset and became more obvious as the number of days at risk increased. The students treated with subsalicylate bismuth experienced fewer intestinal complaints and were less likely to pass soft or watery stools of any number. Once diarrhea occurred, enteropathogens were less commonly identified in stools of students receiving subsalicylate bismuth (33%) compared with placebo (71%). Subsalicylate bismuth was well tolerated by students during the 21-day trial. PMID- 6985683 TI - Surgical treatment of mitral insufficiency secondary to coronary artery disease. AB - From 1970 to 1978, 61 patients were operated upon for mitral insufficiency secondary to coronary artery disease. These patients were between 44 and 71 years of age and all were in Class III or IV of the New York Heart Association Classification. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 15 mm Hg or more in 32 of the 39 patients in whom it was measured. Twenty-four of 31 patients in whom right heart catheterization was performed had a systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 50 mm Hg or greater. All 61 patients had myocardial revascularization, 52 had repair of the mitral valve, and nine had mitral valve replacement. There were five hospital deaths in these 61 patients. Among the nine patients with a preoperative ejection fraction of 0.1 to 0.2, there were two hospital deaths; among the 20 patients with a preoperative ejection fraction of 0.25 to 0.40, there were two hospital deaths; and among the 32 patients with a preoperative ejection fraction of 0.45 to 0.70, there was only 1 hospital death. For those patients with repair and revascularization, the survivability was 81% at 7 years. In the patients with repair and myocardial revascularization, the incidence of peripheral embolization was 0.5% per patient-year. PMID- 6985684 TI - 3rd party reimbursement for nurses: a piece of the pie. PMID- 6985685 TI - Mucosal immunity. PMID- 6985686 TI - An essay on lymphocyte circulation and the gut. PMID- 6985687 TI - Relationships between changes in blood flow and lymphocyte migration induced by antigen. PMID- 6985688 TI - Microcirculation of organized lymphoid tissues. PMID- 6985689 TI - Lymphocyte locomotion. The role of chemokinesis and chemotaxis. PMID- 6985690 TI - Gut-associated lymphoid tissues in lambs before and after birth. PMID- 6985691 TI - Pig lymphocytes - behaviour, distribution and classification. PMID- 6985693 TI - Antigen-induced selective sequestration of T lymphocytes: role of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 6985692 TI - Migration of lymphoblasts in the rat. Preferential localization of DNA synthesizing lymphocytes in particular lymph nodes and other sties. PMID- 6985694 TI - Growth and development of recirculating lymphocytes in the sheep fetus. PMID- 6985696 TI - An essay on the lymphoid system. PMID- 6985695 TI - Structural basis for lymphoid tissue functions: established and disputable sites of antigen-cell and cell-to-cell interactions in vivo. PMID- 6985698 TI - Cancer of the breast: the past decade (first of two parts). PMID- 6985699 TI - Yet another pathogenic mechanism for Escherichia coli diarrhea? PMID- 6985697 TI - Molsidomine in the treatment of patients with angina pectoris. AB - Molsidomine, a new long-acting vasodilator, was administered intravenously (0.03 mg per kilogram of body weight) to two groups of six patients with stable anginapectoris. In the first group, studied during exercise-induced angina, the drug shortened the duration of pain and reduced electrocardiographically measured ST-segment depression, mean systemic arterial pressure, and mean pulmonary wedge pressure. Cardiac output and heart rate remained unchanged. In the second group, studied during pacing-induced angina, the drug reduced both left ventricular pressures and angiographically estimated ventricular volumes and improved the ejection fraction. In a double-blind crossover comparison with a placebo, molsidomine (2 mg three times daily) reduced the frequency of anginal attacks and the consumption of nitroglycerin tablets in 14 patients. During exercise testing on a treadmill a statistically significant reduction in ST-segment depression lasted for up to six hours. These studies suggest that molsidomine acts like nitroglycerin but its effects last longer. We conclude that molsidomine is effective in preventing the symptoms of angina pectoris. (N Engl J Med 302:1-6, 1980). PMID- 6985700 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of congenital bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (epidermolytic hyperkeratosis) by fetal skin biopsy. PMID- 6985701 TI - Pathogenesis of escherichia coli gastroenteritis in man--another mechanism. PMID- 6985702 TI - Antiemetics in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer: a randomized comparison of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and prochlorperazine. AB - Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is an effective antiemetic as compared with placebos in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. In this study we compared THC with prochlorperazine (compazine) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with patients who had failed to benefit from standard antiemetic therapy. Regardless of the emetic activity of the chemotherapeutic agents, there were more complete responses to THC courses (in 36 of 79 courses) than to prochlorperazine (in 16 of 78 courses). Of 25 patients who were treated with both drugs and who expressed a preference, 20 preferred THC (P = 0.005). Among patients under 20 years of age there was a higher proportion of complete responses to THC courses (15 of 20) than among older patients (21 of 59 courses; P = 0.004). Increased food intake occurred more frequently with THC (P = 0.008) and was associated with the presence of a "high." Of 36 THC courses resulting in complete antiemetic responses, 32 were associated with a high. We conclude that THC is an effective antiemetic in many patients who receive chemotherapy for cancer and for whom other antiemetics are ineffective. (N Engl J Med 302:135--138, 1980). PMID- 6985703 TI - Strategies in the treatment of systemic fungal infections. PMID- 6985704 TI - The syndromes of androgen resistance. PMID- 6985705 TI - Current concepts in cancer: management of hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. PMID- 6985706 TI - Sulfinpyrazone in the prevention of sudden death after myocardial infarction. AB - We report the results of a randomized double-blind, multicenter trial comparing sulfinpyrazone (200 mg four times a day) and a placebo in the prevention of cardiac mortality among 1558 patients followed for an average of 16 months, beginning 25 to 35 days after a documented myocardial infarction. All but one of the 106 deaths in the group were cardiac; 59 were sudden. The reduction in cardiac mortality at 24 months in the sulfinpyrazone group was 32 per cent (P = 0.058), and the reduction in sudden death was 43 per cent (P = 0.041). The benefit of sulfinpyrazone was attributable entirely to a reduction in sudden death during the second through seventh months after infarction, when there were 35 cardiac deaths in the placebo group and 17 in the sulfinpyrazone group (P = 0.021); of these deaths, 24 in the placebo group and six in the sulfinpyrazone group were sudden cardiac deaths -- a sulfinpyrazone-induced 74 per cent reduction in the calculated mortality rate (P = 0.003). We conclude that sulfinpyrazone prevents sudden cardiac death during the high-risk period shortly after an acute myocardial infarction, but that there is no further apparent effect beyond the seventh month after infarction. PMID- 6985707 TI - Needle biopsy of skeletal muscle in the diagnosis of myopathy and the clinical study of muscle function and repair. PMID- 6985708 TI - Liver transplantation for advanced liver disease with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6985709 TI - Medical progress. Diverticular disease of the colon. PMID- 6985710 TI - Current concepts in obstetrics and gynecology: The patient with an abnormal Pap smear--screening techniques and managment. PMID- 6985711 TI - Cholera in Louisiana: old problem, new light. PMID- 6985712 TI - Translational control of proinsulin synthesis by glucose. AB - Glucose is known to stimulate proinsulin synthesis in pancreatic islets of rats as well as of many other animals, but the mechanism involved remains uncertain. If proinsulin induction by glucose is regulated at the transcriptional level, the amount of proinsulin mRNA may be increased by the administration of glucose. Alternatively, if proinsulin induction is regulated at the translational level, the rate of proinsulin synthesis may not be correlated with the amount of proinsulin mRNA. We have now used a proinsulin cDNA hybridisation method to determine the amount of proinsulin mRNA and the subcellular distribuation of proinsulin mRNA in rat pancreatic islets. The results suggest that glucose induced proinsulin synthesis is mainly achieved by enhancing the trnaslation efficiency of proinsulin mRNA preexistent on the membrane-bound polysome in pancreatic islets. PMID- 6985713 TI - Localisation of substance P immunoreactivity in amacrine cells of the retina. AB - Since its actions on smooth muscle were first described by von Euler and Gaddum, substance P has been isolated and characterised as an undecapeptide. The distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in both the central and peripheral nervous systems and its reported excitatory action on neurones implicate substance P as a possible neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator. Previous studies using bioassay and radioimmunoassay techniques have reported substance P in retinal extracts. Here we describe the specific immunohistochemical localisation of substance P-like immunoreactivity in a population of morphologically distinct amacrine cells of the pigeon retina. The localisation of substance P-like immunoreactivity and the recent localisation of enkephalin-like and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in other types of amacrine cells suggest that the neuropeptides have a specific role in retinal function. PMID- 6985714 TI - Parallel pathways for transduction of chemotactic signals in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6985715 TI - The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis. AB - Metastases do not result from random survival of cells released from the primary tumour but from the selective growth of specialised subpopulations of highly metastatic cells endowed with specific properties that befit them to complete each step of the metastatic process. PMID- 6985716 TI - Prostacyclin inhibits mobilisation of fibrinogen-binding sites on human ADP- and thrombin-treated platelets. AB - Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, PGI2), produced by the blood vessel wall is the most potent known inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by such stimuli as ADP and thrombin. It binds to a specific platelet receptor and activates adenylate cyclase, raising the cyclic AMP level in platelets. This property can be important because platelets participate in several significant interactions. For example, the interaction with fibrinogen or fibrin contributes to the formation of the haemostatic plug. Intact plasma fibrinogen is required for the aggregation of platelets induced by ADP, and endogenous platelet fibrinogen influences thrombin-induced aggregation. We have therefore studied the effect of prostacyclin on the interaction of fibrinogen with human platelets. We now report that prostacyclin inhibits the mobilisation of specific binding sites ('receptors') for fibrinogen on human platelets and that this effect parallels the inhibition of ADP- or thrombin-induced aggregation. The inhibitory effect of prostacyclin may limit the extent of platelet-fibrinogen interaction in vivo and in extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 6985717 TI - Isolation of the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase by genetic complementation in yeast. PMID- 6985720 TI - Diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis by cytologic methods: an old technique revisited. AB - In six patients with cryptococcal meningitis, diagnosis was made by routine cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A seventh patient had a false positive cryptococcal antigen titer, and no organism was seen on SCF examination. The patient had herpes simplex encephalitis on brain biopsy. Cytologic examination is recommended whenever cryptococcal meningitis is suspected. PMID- 6985718 TI - Excision sequences in the mitochondrial genome of yeast. AB - It is well established that spontaneous cytoplasmic 'petite' mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have mitochondrial genome units in which an excised segment of the parental wild-type genome has been tandemly amplified (Fig. 1), so that the excised segment becomes the repeat unit of the petite genome; the latter may in turn undergo further deletions leading to secondary petite genomes having shorter repeat units (see ref. 1 for a brief review). Recent investigations on the mitochondrial genomes of several spontaneous petite mutants have shown that frequently the ends of the excised segment correspond to short sequences of the wild-type genome which are extremely rich in GC, the GC clusters; alternatively, they seem to be located in the long AT-rich stretches, the AT spacers, which form at least half of the genome. As sequence repetitions have been demonstrated in both GC clusters and AT spacers, it is very likely that excision takes place by a mechanism involving illegitimate site-specific recombination events between homologous sequences, as previously postulated. We show here that the sequences involved in the excision of a particular spontaneous petite genome are direct nucleotide repeats located in the AT spacers. PMID- 6985721 TI - Treatment of childhood epilepsy with valproic acid: results of the first 100 patients in a 6-month trial. AB - We evaluated valproic acid (VPA) for 6 months as therapy for uncontrolled seizures in 100 children, 38 with partial and 62 with generalized epilepsy. Sixty one patients experienced more than a 75% decrease in seizures. The improvement in generalized epilepsy paralleled adult VPA studies, but partial epilepsy improved more than expected, even though acceptable seizure control was often achieved only after 6 months of VP therapy. The most significant side effect was gastrointestinal distress, which was alleviated by dietary changes. Limited experience suggested that enteric-coated capsules eliminated gastrointestinal symptoms. Hematologic, hepatic, and behavioral sequelae were minimal. PMID- 6985719 TI - Sodium valproate: pharmacokinetics and effectivensss in treating intractable seizures. AB - Sodium valproate (VPA) was first marketed in the United States in 1978. In this pilot study of pharmacokinetics and toxicity, VPA was added to the treatment regimens of 20 patients (10 adults and 10 children) with intractable seizures. The drug was absorbed and excreted rapidly; the mean half-life was 9.6 hours. Drowsiness and gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common side effects, but they were usually minor and transient. An increase in some plasma phenobarbital levels and a decrease in some plasma phenytoin levels were attributed to drug interaction. Control of absence attacks was assessed by 12-hour telemetered electroencephalograms. Sodium valproate was most efficacious in generalized seizure disorders, particularly absence seizures. PMID- 6985723 TI - Medicaid fee schedule. PMID- 6985722 TI - Valproic acid and plasma levels of phenobarbital. AB - During concurrent administration of phenobarbital and valproic acid, phenobarbital plasma concentrations often increase. This often requires a reduction of phenobarbital dosage. In normal cats and patients with epilepsy, we found no evidence of decreased renal excretion of phenobarbital. Metabolic studies in four patients revealed a decrease in the conversion of phenobarbital to hydroxyphenylphenobarbital and decreased urinary ratios of hydroxyphenylphenobarbital to phenobarbital. These data suggest that phenobarbital metabolism is inhibited by therapeutic plasma levels of valproic acid. PMID- 6985724 TI - Stahl heads American Academy of Periodontology. PMID- 6985725 TI - Sorrel new president of NY State orthodontists. PMID- 6985726 TI - Bronx County Dental Society Distinguished Service Award. (Dr. Harold Diner). PMID- 6985727 TI - Intraoral surgical and prosthetic reconstruction following cancer surgery. PMID- 6985728 TI - Genetics of abnormalities of sexual differentiation and of female reproductive failure. PMID- 6985730 TI - Nursing care study - renal failure. A father's kidney for two. PMID- 6985731 TI - Fantastic stories; Munchausen: fact and fiction (Rudolf Erich Raspe). PMID- 6985729 TI - Combination chemotherapy in advanced gastrointestinal malignancy. AB - This study compares two combinations of drugs with proven activity in gastrointestinal malignancy. The drugs utilized are 5-fluorouracil (5FU), mitomycin C (Mito C), and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU). All 57 patients received 5FU 25 mg/kg as a 24-hour infusion for 5 days every 4 weeks. One group received Mito C 20 mg/m2 IV bolus every 8 weeks. The second group received MeCCNU 150 mg/m2 orally every 8 weeks. These combinations are tolerable, and the toxicities are acceptable. The response to 5FU/Mito C is more efficacious at 47% than 5FU/MeCCNU at 25% in the treatment of evaluable patients with colorectal malignancy. PMID- 6985732 TI - Circumsuture treatment for varicosities. AB - A surgical procedure that can be used either as an alternative to saphenous vein stripping or as a supplement to it has been developed and used successfully at the Straith Clinic for the past 12 years. The method avoids surgical scars and pigmentation, is simple enough to do with use of local anesthesia, and does not require hospitalization. That the patient can remain ambulatory is another desirable feature. Follow-up of 16 patients who have undergone this procedure has been very encouraging. PMID- 6985733 TI - Transition. PMID- 6985734 TI - Anatomy and physiology related to cleft palate: current research and clinical implications. AB - The most important areas for future research related to the anatomy and physiology of cleft palate are thus: (1) the role of the tensor tympani muscle in auditory tube clearance; (2) the specific etiology of auditory tube dysfunction associated with cleft palate; (3) the nature and extent of variability in the muscular deformities associated with various types of cleft palate; (4) the nature and extent of vascular abnormalities associated with clefts of the palate; and (5) the investigation of cleft palate as one aspect of a craniofacial syndrome. PMID- 6985736 TI - The combined use of computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the assessment of suspected pancreatic neoplasm: a blind clinical evaluation. AB - Sixty-one consecutive patients suspected of having pancreatic neoplasms had endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and computed tomography (CT). The ERCP results were 62% accurate, 8% false negative, and 3% failure. The overall accuracy in cases of successful pancreatic duct cannulation was 88%. The results of CT were 76% correct, 5% false positive, 13% false negative, and 6% indeterminate. Excluding ERCP failure, the CT-ERCP diagnosis was identical in 67%. When findings were identical, the accuracy rate was 93%, high than that of either study alone. The ERCP-CT examinations were often complementary and generally led to a more accurate and specific diagnosis. PMID- 6985735 TI - Contrast media reactions: data analysis and hypothesis. AB - Two hundred and twenty-eight deaths due to the use of contrast media are reported, including 15 from intravenous cholangiography, 69 from angiography, 140 from urography and four other. The causes are analyzed and the various explanations for reactions to contrast media are considered. Data concerning the high incidence of cardiac death, the large number of deaths due to pulmonary edema, and the known transgression of the blood-brain barrier by contrast media are used to construct a theory that bases all reactions on the effect of contrast media on the central nervous system. PMID- 6985738 TI - Andrew Hunter Dowdy, M.D. 1904-1976. PMID- 6985737 TI - Reference for a dosimetry scaling theorem. PMID- 6985739 TI - John J. Hancock, M.D. 1927-1979. PMID- 6985740 TI - John David Kuykendall, M.D. 1946-1979. PMID- 6985741 TI - Forrest V. Schumacher, M.D. 1920-1979. PMID- 6985742 TI - Comparison of oral cholecystopaques: iopronic acid vs. iopanoic acid. AB - A new oral cholecystopaque, iopronic acid, was compared to iopanoic acid. This was a double blind, randomized study of 260 subjects. A 4.5-G dose of iopronic acid produced a similar degree of gallbladder opacification as 3.0 g of iopanoic acid. Adverse reactions to the contrast media were generally mild, but were significantly less with iopronic acid. The present study is criticized because it was not designed to help the radiologist determine the better contrast medium under optimal clinical conditions. PMID- 6985743 TI - Psychotherapy faces test of worth. PMID- 6985744 TI - Riddle of the Nobel debate. PMID- 6985745 TI - Hybridoma produces protective antibodies directed against the sporozoite stage of malaria parasite. AB - Hybrid cells secreting antibodies against sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei were obtained by fusion of plasmacytoma cells with immune murine spleen cells. The monoclonal antibodies bound to a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 44,000 (Pb44), which envelopes the surface membrane of sporozoites. Incubation of sporozoites in vitro with antibodies to Pb44 abolished their infectivity. PMID- 6985746 TI - Nonvolatile mutagens in drinking water: production by chlorination and destruction by sulfite. AB - In concentrates of water produced in a laboratory simulation of a drinking water treatment process, direct-acting, nonvolatile mutagens were readily detected by means of the Ames Salmonella test. The mutagens were shown to be produced by the chlorination process. Treatment of the water with chloramine resulted in less mutagenic activity than treatment with free chlorine. Dechlorination of drinking water with sulfite sharply reduced the mutagenic activity. Treatment with sulfur dioxide is proposed as an effective, inexpensive method of reducing the direct acting mutagenic activity of drinking water and of aqueous industrial effluents. PMID- 6985748 TI - The Pahlavi problem: a superficial diagnosis brought the Shah into the United States. PMID- 6985749 TI - A clinical trial for Laetrile this spring? PMID- 6985747 TI - Supporting hospice care. PMID- 6985750 TI - Placental luteinizing hormone-releasing factor and its synthesis. AB - The synthesis of a placental luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (pLRF), which is immunologically, physiochemically, and biologically indistinguishable from synthetic LRF, was demonstrated. The incorporation of 3H-labeled leucine by human placental tissue in vitro into pLRF was determined by purification on carboxymethyl-cellulose and specific immunoprecipitation of the 3H-labeled pLRF. The specific activity of the pLRF released into the medium increased 100-fold from day 1 to day 2 of culture and attained a concentration of 2.84 microcuries per microgram. These data indicate that the pLRF that was released initially was endogenous, whereas that released subsequently reflected synthesis. PMID- 6985752 TI - Minoxidil. AB - Minoxidil (U-10,858) has been shown in several controlled and blind studies and numerous uncontrolled studies to be a potent peripheral vasodilator for use in the management of sustained, severe, accelerating or malignant hypertension and moderate hypertension inadequately controlled by conventional therapy. Some effect may be seen four hours after oral administration with the peak effect being seen between four and 18 hours. The drug has a plasma disappearance half life of 4.2 hours despite a duration of action of approximately 24 hours, suggestive of extravascular accumulation. Reported dosages range from 2 mg to 80 mg daily, most patients requiring approximately 20 mg daily. Rapid loading schedules have been studied but are not yet widely used. Frequent adverse effects include sodium retention, tachycardia, EKG changes, and hypertrichosis. Pericardial effusion, altered renal function, diabetes mellitus, and changes in plasma renin, urinary norepinephrine, and aldosterone levels have been reported. Other minor problems have been reported infrequently. PMID- 6985751 TI - Primary lymphomas and sarcomas of the stomach. AB - The records of patients with primary gastric lymphoma and sarcoma treated at M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute between 1945 and 1975 were reviewed. Weight loss, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting were the most common presenting symptoms, while palpable abdominal mass was the most common sign. The lymphomas were predominantly located in the distal portion of the stomach, in contrast to the sarcomas, which were commonly located in the body and the proximal portion of stomach. Curative gastric resection was performed in 96% of patients with lymphoma and in 67% of patients with sarcoma. Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and leiomyosarcoma were the most common histologic types. Patients with lymphoma survived significantly longer than patients with sarcoma (median 75 vs 22 months, P = 0.009). Adjuvant radiotherapy seemed to improve the survival of patients with lymphoma, while curative gastric resection provided the only hope for long-term survival for patients with gastric sarcoma. The place of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection of gastric lymphoma and sarcoma remains to be investigated. PMID- 6985753 TI - Deposits on the surface of intraocular lenses: a pathologic study. AB - The clinical course of implanted intraocular lenses is frequently complicated by the formation of deposits or "precipitates" on the lens surfaces. These lesions are related to the amount of inflammation in the eye, the use of pilocarpine, and the presence of lens cortex in extracapsular procedures. Corticosteroids cause the lesions to diminish or disappear. Similar lesions seen in the course of lens implantation in laboratory animals are found on histologic examination to be accumulations of inflammatory cells. In the chronic state the cells are macrophages, epithelioid cells, and giant cells, accompanied in the early stages by acute inflammatory leukocytes. The relationships between these cells, inflammation, the presence of the foreign body, and the chemistry of methacrylate are difficult to sort out. PMID- 6985754 TI - Polyps of the colon: reappraisal of the problem. PMID- 6985755 TI - Christian Science visited. AB - An objective appraisal of Christian Science and its relevance to the contemporary practice or medicine are presented. The history, nature, and healing aspects of the movement are briefly surveyed. Emphasis is placed upon the fact that despite more than 100 years of coexistence no accommodation between points of view is possible either now or in the future. PMID- 6985756 TI - Simplified method of applying skin grafts. PMID- 6985757 TI - An ancient report of a dermoid cyst of the vagina. AB - There is a degree of imprecision in translating the Talmud from its original language into English. It is unlikely that we will ever know with certainty what a wart meant to the ancients. That this Talmudic reference represents the first description of a vaginal dermoid is a distinct possibility. PMID- 6985758 TI - Corynebacterium parvum: immunomodulation in local bacterial infections. AB - Inoculation with Corynebacterium parvum 14 days before bacterial challenge produced protection against murine-simulated surgical wound infection with Escherichia coli to the same degree as had been provided by Bacillus Calmette Guerin pretreatment. Simulated surgical wound infection induced by Staphylococcus aureus in mice followed a much more variable course; bacterial growth was depressed 7 days after C. parvum inoculation and was equivocal at a 14 day interval. Unlike E. coli infection modified by C. parvum or BCG, bacterial growth was significantly enhanced when the interval between C. parvum inoculation and S. aureus challenge was 20 or 28 days. Explanations for these differences and their possible clinical relevance are discussed. PMID- 6985759 TI - The effect of thrombocytopenia on the pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics of canine endotoxin shock. AB - Dogs were made thrombocytopenic (platelet count less than 12,000) with serial intramuscular injections of goat antiplatelet serum (APS), and the hemodynamic response to 1 mg/kg of E. coli endotoxin administered intravenously was studied. Intramuscularly administered APS rendered dogs thrombocytopenic without major alteration in other blood elements or coagulation parameters. The response of normal dogs to endotoxin was a fall in systemic blood pressure and cardiac output (CO) with an increase in pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to 600% of control with a minimal fall in mean left atrial (LA) pressure and pulmonary artery wedge (PAW) pressure. Thrombocytopenic dogs had an identical fall in systemic pressure and CO, but obliteration of the initial PA hypertensive response. LA and PAW pressures fell slightly as in normal dogs, and the obliteration of the PA hypertension was caused by an attenuation of the increase in PVR to a third of that of normals. Cinemicroscopic studies of the lung in vivo showed marked and prolonged slowing of the microcirculation following endotoxin administration in normal dogs. In thrombocytopenic animals slowing of the pulmonary microcirculation was brief and mild. We conclude that platelets are an essential component for the initial pulmonary hypertensive response to infusion of E. coli endotoxin in dogs. PMID- 6985760 TI - Intermittent sequential pneumatic compression of the legs in the prevention of venous stasis and postoperative deep venous thrombosis. AB - The optimal stimulus which produced the maximum increase in blood velocity in the femoral vein during compression of the lower limb with a sequential compression device (six chambers) was determined using Doppler ultrasound in 10 normal limbs. Pressures of 35, 30, and 20 mm Hg at the ankle, calf, and thigh, respectively, applied sequentially for 12 seconds produced a 240% increase in the peak blood velocity. Higher pressures did not increase velocity any further. A nonsequential device (one chamber) inflated at 35 mm Hg for 12 seconds produced only a180% increase in blood velocity. The efficacy of the sequential device to prevent deep venous thrombosis then was tested and compared with a single chamber device and small-dose subcutaneous heparin in a randomized, controlled clinical trial using the 125I-fibrinogen test. The results suggest that the sequential compression device is as effective as heparin during the period when it is used (the first 24 hours after operation) and more effective than a nonsequential device in preventing deep venous thrombosis proximal to the calf. PMID- 6985761 TI - Rapid purification of mouse L cell interferon labeled with radioactive amino acid by immune precipitation. PMID- 6985762 TI - Brain peptides and pain sensation. PMID- 6985763 TI - The Canadian trial of aspirin and sulfinpyrazone in threatened stroke. PMID- 6985765 TI - Maternal and fetal sequelae of anticoagulation during pregnancy. AB - Review of published cases of pregnancies in which coumarin derivatives or heparin were administered demonstrates that use of either class of anticoagulant carries substantial risks. Of 418 reported pregnancies in which coumarin derivatives were used, one-sixth resulted in abnormal liveborn infants, one-sixth in abortion or stillbirth and, at most, two-thirds in apparently normal infants. In addition to the expected hemorrhagic complications, fetal effects of coumarin derivative administration include a specific embryopathy and central nervous system abnormalities. All available cases (including unpublished ones) of warfarin embryopathy and central nervous system abnormalities following gestational exposure to coumarin derivatives are reviewed, various complications are tabulated, critical periods of teratogenesis are discussed and possible mechanisms proposed. The use of heparin during gestation does not result in a significantly better outcome of pregnancy. In 135 published cases, the infants in one-eighth were stillborn, in one-fifth premature (a third of whom died) and, again at most, in two-thirds apparently normal. Because of the substantial risks of both clases of anticoagulants, and the inherent risks of pregnancy complicated by the indications for anticoagulation, prevention of pregnancy is usually indicated. If pregnancy occurs, a relatively normal outcome can be anticipated in about two-thirds of the pregnancies regardless of the anticoagulant used. Heparin does not appear to be a clearly superior alternative to coumarin derivatives. PMID- 6985764 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Recent observations regarding the specificity of three hallmarks of the disease: asymmetric septal hypertrophy, septal disorganization and systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet. PMID- 6985767 TI - Classics in clinical science: the concept of renal clearance. PMID- 6985766 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome. A report of seven patients including long-term follow-up of three who received a kidney transplant. AB - Seven patients with Goodpasture's syndrome are presented. Bilateral nephrectomy was performed in five patients, and postnephrectomy pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in three. Three nephrectomized patients underwent a successful renal transplant, renal transplantation being postponed until circulating antiglomerular basement membrane antibody had disappeared. The argument is made that pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy in patients with Goodpasture's syndrome is indicated. PMID- 6985768 TI - Insulin binding to monocytes and insulin sensitivity in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6985769 TI - Books of the year. PMID- 6985770 TI - Theophile Bonet (1620--1689). PMID- 6985772 TI - The cell theory: a foundation to the edifice of biology. PMID- 6985773 TI - Selected items from the history of pathology. PMID- 6985774 TI - Presentation of the Parke-Davis Award to Carl W. Pierce 1979. PMID- 6985775 TI - Prospective controlled study of gastrointestinal stapled anastomoses. AB - A controlled prospective study was carried out in a university-affiliated community hospital to evaluate the use of gastrointestinal staples compared with conventional sutures for anastomotic construction. The study included 100 randomized cases (50 sutured and 50 stapled) requiring anastomoses. Consecutive patients were accepted into the study, and no patients were excluded. There was no significant difference between the two groups in operating room time or the duration of postoperative hospitalization, nasogastric intubation or intravenous intubation. The complication rate was similar and comparable to previously published results. On three occasions, it was necessary during operation to convert from the use of staples to sutures when immediate disruption was noted at a gastroduodenal anastomosis. PMID- 6985776 TI - Prevention of acute gastrointestinal complications after severe head injury: a controlled trial of cimetidine prophylaxis. AB - Cimetidine prophylaxis significantly reduced the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding after severe head injury in this prospective, double-blind clinical trial. Cimetidine effectively reduced both the volume and the acidity of gastric secretions after brain injury without producing adverse side effects. The most common endoscopic finding was superficial, erosive, mucosal lesions in the proximal stomach. Cimetidine prophylaxis was not shown to reduce the incidence of these lesions in this study but did diminish their severity and the likelihood that they would complicate the management of these patients. PMID- 6985771 TI - Collagen metabolism: a comparison of diseases of collagen and diseases affecting collagen. PMID- 6985777 TI - A computer-assisted preanesthesia interview: value of a computer-generated summary of patient's historical information in the preanesthesia visit. PMID- 6985778 TI - Percutaneous cervical central venous line placement: a comparison of the internal and external jugular vein routes. AB - To compare the rate of success and incidence of complications associated with two currently popular routes of percutaneous central venous cannulation, we studied 167 patient in whom either internal or external jugular vein catheterization was attempted. Internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization (125 patients) was successful in 91%; an intrathoracic location was achieved in 100%; complications occurred in 12.8%. Complications included one case of catheter malposition, one case of tension pneumothorax, and 12 instances of inadvertent carotid artery puncture, one resulting in a paratracheal hematoma and phrenic nerve compression. The success rate of IJV cannulation was higher and carotid artery puncture less frequent when an 18-gauge thin-walled needle and a straight guide-wire were used than when IJV cannulation was performed by bind puncture with a larger over-the needle catheter. Delayed vein perforation occurred twice. External jugular vein cannulation (42 patients), using a "J" wire technique, yielded a 76% success rate: 93.7% of catheter tips reached an intrathoracic location. No complications occurred. We conclude that IJV cannulation is a more reliable means of percutaneous central venous line placement but is associated with a significant incidence of complications which can be reduced if a technique employing a scout needle and guide-wire is used. PMID- 6985780 TI - "Uniform Requirements" agreement updated. PMID- 6985779 TI - Ethical dilemmas and the clinician. PMID- 6985781 TI - The ethics of medicine: an annotated bibliography of recent literature. PMID- 6985783 TI - The rickettsia-like organisms TATLOCK (1943) and HEBA (1959): bacteria phenotypically similar to but genetically distinct from Legionella pneumophila and the WIGA bacterium. AB - Two "rickettsia-like organisms," TATLOCK and HEBA, isolated from human blood via guinea pigs and embryonated eggs in 1943 and 1959, respectively, have been cultured on artificial media (charcoal yeast extract agar) for the first time and characterized. TATLOCK and HEBA have identical cultural, biochemical, and antigenic characteristics, as well as identical cellular fatty-acid composition and antimicrobial susceptibilities. These two bacteria have most of the cultural and biochemical characteristics of Legionella pneumophilia, and their gas-liquid chromatography cellular fatty-acid profile is similar to that of WIGA, another bacterium similar to L. pneumophila. Direct fluorescent-antibody reagents prepared for HEBA and TATLOCK gave equal high-titered reciprocal staining and were negative on 220 other bacteria, including L. pneumophila. Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness studies, however, showed that these bacteria are not genetically related to either L. pneumophila or the WIGA bacterium. PMID- 6985782 TI - Marrow transplantation in thirty "untransfused" patients with severe aplastic anemia. AB - Thirty patients with severe aplastic anemia had no transfusions of blood products until just before marrow transplantation from HLA-identical family members. They were conditioned for grafting with cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg body weight on each of 4 successive days. All 30 had prompt initial marrow engraftment, which was sustained in 27. Twenty-five of the 30 are alive between 9 to 84 (median, 19.5) months. The actuarial projection of survival for 2 to 6 years is 75%. Twenty of the 25 surviving patients have no problems. Five have chronic graft-versus-host disease, resolving in two and active in three. Five patients died with infection or hemorrhage, four of whom had graft-versus-host disease. These data show that early transplantation should be carried out before transfusions are given for any patient with severe aplastic anemia who has an HLA-identical family member. If sensitization to minor transplantation antigens contained in blood products is avoided, the incidence of marrow-graft rejection will decrease, and survival will improve. PMID- 6985784 TI - "Pittsburgh pneumonia agent": a bacterium phenotypically similar to Legionella pneumophila and identical to the TATLOCK bacterium. AB - The "Pittsburgh pneumonia agent," isolated by Pasculle and co-workers from human lung tissue, has been cultured on artificial media and characterized. The "Pittsburgh" bacterium and the TATLOCK and HEBA bacteria have identical cultural, biochemical, and antigenic characteristics. They also have the same cellular fatty-acid composition, and DNA relatedness indicates that they belong to the same species. PMID- 6985786 TI - Quality of care in episodes of respiratory illness among Medicaid patients in New Mexico. AB - As part of ambulatory-care review, the New Mexico Experimental Medical Care Review Organization (EMCRO) developed medical guidelines for the use of injections and informed physicians about them through written communications and personal visits. After their adoption, the EMCRO denied payment for Medicaid claims not meeting the guidelines. To study the effect of these activities, we compared quality of care in entire episodes of respiratory infections before and after guidelines were promulgated. Quality as judged by minimal criteria for antibiotic use improved. Percentages of episodes with appropriate therapy rose from 36% to 42% for streptococcal sore throat, from 42% to 81% for bronchitis, and from 36% to 51% for acute upper respiratory infection. Quality improved most among physicians with the poorest records initially; "outliers" still gave inadequate care. Assessment of episodes of care derived from claims data thus appears to be a feasible and nonintrusive mechanism for detecting deficiencies in quality and evaluating quality-assurance activities. PMID- 6985787 TI - Recent advances in viral diagnosis. AB - A number of new methods have been developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of viral antigens in clinical specimens. These methods are similar in sensitivity to traditional viral culture, but are easier, less expensive, and considerably more rapid. It seems likely that clinical pathologists and microbiologists will become increasingly involved in viral diagnosis. PMID- 6985785 TI - Peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - We initiated a therapeutic program of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for patients with chronic renal failure. Our program resulted in many episodes of peritonitis arising from contamination due to the technical aspects of the procedure. Microbiologic evaluation showed that 73% of 97 episodes were culture positive, with gram-positive organisms causing most of the cases, especially early in dialysis. Gram-negative rods tended to occur later. Gram stains of dialysate effluent resulted in a disappointingly low yield of only 9% positivity. Cell counts were a dependable indicator of the presence of peritoneal inflammation and also of therapeutic success. Most patients responded well to intraperitoneal cephalothin, 125 mg/L for 10 to 14 d. The occurrence of peritonitis resulted in 0.93 years of hospitalization during the total of 15.45 patient-years on dialysis, which essentially negated the financial advantages of this method of treatment of chronic renal failure. For this to be a successful mode of therapy, advances in the prevention of peritonitis must be made. PMID- 6985788 TI - Intrathoracic paravertebral malignant paraganglioma. AB - This article reviews the clinical and pathologic features of intrathoracic paravertebral paragangliomas. Including the present case, there have been 31 tumors reported in the English literature; the average age of patients was 29 years, with a sex distribution of 20 men and 11 women. Fifteen patients (48%) had symptoms related to excess secretion of catecholamines; the remaining 16 tumors were clinically nonfunctional. Seven patients (22%) had multiple paragangliomas. Complete surgical resection was attempted in 25 patients, 13 were alive with no evidence of tumor an average of 2.2 years later. Tumor was locally invasive in five patients, with involvement of the vertebral canal and symptoms of spinal cord compression. Malignant behavior with distant metastases was observed in two patients. As shown by the present case, the Grimelius stain is a useful diagnostic technique for demonstrating cytoplasmic argyrophilia of neoplastic chief cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated neurosecretory granules (average core diameter, 100 nm). "Light" and "dark" chief cell types were inconspicuous. Due to important clinical and pathologic differences, paravertebral paragangliomas should be distinguished from similar tumors occurring in the anterosuperior mediastinum (aorticopulmonary paragangliomas). PMID- 6985789 TI - Selective intra-arterial vasopression in fusion for upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage: a controlled trial. AB - In a prospective randomized study, 38 patients with massive upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage, mostly due to esophageal varices or erosive gastritis, were treated with either standard medical therapy or standard therapy plus selective intra-arterial vasopressin infusion. Cessation of hemorrhage occurred more frequently in the vasopressin-treated group. The study design did not permit meaningful comparisons of mortality of transfusion requirements. We conclude that in patients bleeding from esophageal varices or gastritis, selective intra-arterial vasopressin is more effective in controlling hemorrhage than standard therapy. PMID- 6985790 TI - Renal allografts retained in situ after failure. AB - Twenty-four renal allografts functioning up to six years from the date of transplantation were retained in situ from four days to five years following return of the patient to hemodialysis. Fifteen of the 24 kidneys were removed for specific indications within four days to ten months. The reasons for allograft nephrectomy included fever, hematuria, graft pain and tenderness, and severe hypertension. Nine patients remained asymptomatic with grafts retained three months to five years (median, two years) following return to hemodialysis. It appears safe to retain nonfunctioning grafts in asymptomatic patients, thereby avoiding an unnecessary operation when failure is due to chronic rejection or recurrent glomerulonephritis. Nevertheless, in many patients complications eventually develop for which the allograft will be removed. PMID- 6985791 TI - A comparison of the use of cephalothin and oxacillin in vascular surgery. AB - A randomized trial comparing two prophylactic antibiotics in vascular surgery was reviewed retrospectively. Two hundred thirty-two patients were given cephalothin sodium, and 168 patients were given oxacillin sodium. The overall incidence of wound infection was 1.5%; there was only one prosthetic graft infection in 346 patients in whom prosthetic material was used. There was no significant difference in wound infection between the groups. When postoperative infection in other areas was considered, however, it appeared that cephalothin was a more suitable antibiotic for treatment of these infections despite its use prophylactically. Although this trial was uncontrolled, the low overall incidence of wound and graft infection would appear to support the use of prophylactic antibiotics in vascular surgery. PMID- 6985792 TI - Resolution of chylothorax after positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation. AB - Ligation of the thoracic duct has previously been recommended for adults with traumatic chylothorax when average daily chyle loss exceeds 1,500 mL/day over five days since such cases are usually refractory to medical management. We describe a case of traumatic chylothorax where chyle output exceeded 2 L/day for a week despite cessation of oral intake and institution of intravenous hyperalimentation. The chylothorax rapidly resolved when mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure was begun for treatment of an acute respiratory distress syndrome. The artificial ventilation may have promoted tamponade of the injured lymphatic duct thereby accounting for the abrupt decrease in chyle flow the occurred. PMID- 6985793 TI - Descriptive epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Chile. AB - Descriptive epidemiological data are presented from a survey of 35 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) that occurred in Chile in the period 1955 to 1977. The average mortality in Chile (0.31 deaths per 1 million) and in urban Santiago (0.73 deaths per 1 million) is compared with data reported from other countries. An increasing incidence in recent years is probably related to a greater awareness of the disease. The familial occurrence of CJD in nine patients from five affected families is described, and its analysis suggests a genetically determined susceptibility with incubation periods of more than 30 years. Horizontal transmission of the disease may have occurred in one patient in whom the disease developed 13 years after the patient married into a family with seven other affected members. PMID- 6985794 TI - A new style for references. PMID- 6985795 TI - Next Director of Dental Service R.A.F. appointed (D. A. R. Lean). PMID- 6985797 TI - Brigadier Donald Verner Taylor, C.B.E., F.D.S.Eng., H.D.D.Edin., Barrister-at law. PMID- 6985796 TI - Anchorage of denture retention bars. PMID- 6985798 TI - Ivo Vinski, L.D.S. PMID- 6985799 TI - Fibrin membrane endowed with biological function. V. Multienzyme complex of uricase, catalase, allantoinase and allantoicase. AB - The enzymes (uricase (EC 1.7.3.3), allantoinase (EC 3.5.3.4), and allantoicase (EC 3.5.2.5) which participate in degradation of purine bases, were embedded separately in fibrin membranes formed by fibrinogen-fibrin conversion with thrombin. All of these enzymes together with catalase were also embedded in a single fibrin membrane to make an immobilized multienzyme complex. The multienzyme complex in fibrin membrane thus prepared had an ability of degradation of uric acid to urea and glyoxylic acid via allantoin and allantoic acid. The stability of immobilized uricase or catalase embedded in fibrin membrane upon lyophilization was also tested in a comparison with nonimmobilized enzymes. PMID- 6985800 TI - Effects of free magnesium and alkali ions on the conformation and glucose-binding strength of yeast hexokinase isozymes. AB - Titrations of the tryptophan fluorescence of yeast hexokinase (ATP:D-hexose 6 phosphortransferase, EC 2.7.1.1.) isozymes P-I (A) and P-II (B) were performed with Mg2+, Li+, Na+ and K+ as titrant in absence and in presence of glucose, and vice versa, at pH 8.3 and 5.5 at 20 degrees C. Mg2+ quenches the fluorescence of surface tryptophan primarily and does so by producing a conformational change which alters the microenvironment of the tryptophan. For both isozymes Mg2+ exerts a specific ion effect, i.e. significantly larger than the ionic strength (I) effect, which enhances the glucose quenching by causing a conformation change which increases the glucose-binding constant. For the P-I isozyme glucose binding exhibits positive cooperativity at both pH 8.3 and 5.5 when the ionic strength (I) is low, i.e. significantly larger than the ionic strength (I) effect, which enhances the glucose quenching by causing a conformation change which increases the glucose-binding constant. For the P-I isozyme glucose binding exhibits positive sooperativity at both pH 8.3 and 5.5 when the ionic strength (I) is low, i.e. 0.04 or less, regardless of which of the above four cations is present. For P-II, however, glucose binding is non-cooperative at pH 8.3 regardless of I or the cation species and at pH 5.5 and low I with K+ or Mg2+ as the predominant cation present, but there is apparent negative cooperativity at pH 5.5 and low I when Na+ or Li+ predominates. These results are discussed in terms of known structural characteristics of the isozymes. PMID- 6985801 TI - Effect of pore diffusion limitation on dextrin hydrolysis by immobilized glucoamylase. AB - Data reported here and previously indicate that when dextrin is hydrolyzed in the presence of immobilized glucoamylase, use of a larger average molecular weight substrate leads to lower overall rates of hydrolysis, while the maltose concentration during the bulk of the reaction and the maximum glucose concentration are lower than when the soluble form of the enzyme is employed under the same conditions. Computer simulation of the system demonstrated that all three observations were caused by pore diffusion limitation: the first by slow diffusion of substrate, the second by slow diffusion of intermediates, and the third by slow diffusion of glucose. Follow-up experiments with glucoamylase immobilized to particles of different sizes confirmed this finding, as results with the smallest beads were identical to those with soluble glucoamylase. PMID- 6985802 TI - Kinetics of microbial death by combined treatment with heat and antimicrobial agents. PMID- 6985803 TI - Granulocyte transfusions: current status. AB - Since granulocyte transfusions first became widely used in clinical medicine, there have been advances in the treatment of acute leukemia and improvement in prevention and management of infection in neutropenic patients. Improved understanding now exists concerning prognosis of infections in such patients, and advances have been made in procurement of granulocytes. Granulocyte transfusions should be given for specific indications, and used adjunctively to other established antiinfective therapy. Once initiated, transfusions should be given in adequate doses at daily intervals (at least) with ongoing evaluation and periodic reassessment of the whole antiinfective program. Serious complications of granulocyte transfusion therapy are relatively rare, but the physician should be prepared to manage them intelligently. Research continues in discerning exactly how granulocyte transfusion work, in preservation of granulocytes, and in delineation of immunologic phenomena affecting the efficiacy of such therapy. Granulocyte transfusions will continue to be important in the management of acute leukemia, and other reversible bone marrow failure states, and in marrow transplantation and autotransplantation. PMID- 6985804 TI - Competitive repopulation: a new assay for long-term stem cell functional capacity. AB - A new assay for the long-term functional capacity of hemopoietic stem cells is reported. Stem cell function in each donor of a particular genotype is assayed by mixing its marrow cells with a constant number of marrow cells from a donor with distinguishable hemoglobin and measuring the relative ability of each donor to populate stem-cell-depleted recipients. For example, cells from many different B6 donors may be assayed by mixing them with a constant number of WBB6F1 cells from a single pool and injecting them into irradiated WBB6F1 recipients. As the ratio of B6 to WBB6F1 marrow cells increases from 0:1 to 3:1 the percentage of B6 hemoglobin increases in a linear fashion. This is also found with WB and WBB6F1 or CBA and B6CBAF1 mixtures. Correlation coefficients between the percentage of hemoglobin of one donor type and the ratio of cells in the mixture of that type ranged from 0.78 to 0.98 in single experiments, and were 0.68 and 0.75 using data pooled from several experiments. PMID- 6985806 TI - Academic tradition in clinical research. PMID- 6985805 TI - The relevance for the immunological responsiveness of an animal of selective entry to and egress from the lymph of antigenically reactive cells. AB - Although various forms of antigenic challenge of an animal can be shown to modify the capacity of its circulating lymphocytes to respond to the same antigen after re-exposure, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Of two groups of experiments concerned with the induction of unresponsiveness in circulating lymphocytes, those instances in which unresponsiveness has been produced in the circulating lymphocyte population of rodents challenged with conventional antigens have been claimed to reflect the sequestration of specifically reactive cells in fixed lymphoid tissues. Two observations with which the explanation is incompatible are that unreactive populations can be reactivated readily following their removal from the antigenically challenged animal and that apparently unreactive cells can modify the reactivity of normal populations of lymphocytes when they are transferred together to irradiated hosts. It is not difficult to demonstrate that plasma from rats recently challenged with antigen contains humoral factors able to interfere non-specifically with the reactivity of normal lymphocytes, and the possibility that similar influences may contributed to lymphocyte unresponsiveness after antigenic challenge cannot be dismissed. A second group of experiments, which have been interpreted as an example of selective removal of specifically reactive cells from the circulation, concern the loss of reactivity by parental strain lymphocytes which have been passaged through F1 hybrid hosts. In this situation it can be shown that not only have specifically reactive cells accumulated in the spleen, but also that the retained cells have been subject to a reversible inactivation. Consequently it is probable that the unreactivity of the passaged parental strain lymphocytes in these experiments results from a mechanism quite different from that responsible for the unreactivity of circulating lymphocytes observed in animals challenged with conventional antigens. PMID- 6985807 TI - Qualifications sought by employers of health sciences librarians, 1977-1978. AB - A content analysis of health sciences library positions available in 1977-1978, as advertised in the MLA News, presents the professional requirements sought by employers of applicants. Data for 414 advertised positions were coded and are displayed in nine tables. Variables selected from the range of positions advertised include: type of position, years of experience, subject background, Medical Library Association, and on-line experience. Geographic distribution of jobs is also given. PMID- 6985808 TI - A modified clinical medical librarian program for the community hospital. PMID- 6985810 TI - Leucine-enkephalin immunoreactivity: localization in rat brain cells in culture. PMID- 6985809 TI - Localization of neuron-specific enolase in mouse spinal neurons grown in tissue culture. AB - Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an isoenzyme of the glycolytic enzyme enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) which also has a muscle and liver isoenzyme. Previous work has shown NSE to be specifically localized to neurons and neuroendocrine cells, but the application of NSE as a marker for cell cultures has not been investigated. Primary culture of central nervous system tissue derived from mice have been used to study optimal fixation procedures. The results show that NSE can serve as a useful alternative to non-specific histochemical strains or strictly morphologic criteria for identifying nerve cells. PMID- 6985811 TI - alpha-MSH in rat brain: occurrence within and outside of beta-endorphin neurons. PMID- 6985812 TI - Effect of morphine on substance P neurons in rat spinal cord: a preliminary study. PMID- 6985813 TI - ADA testing. PMID- 6985814 TI - Health review. PMID- 6985815 TI - [Teaching scholarships]. PMID- 6985816 TI - Some indicators of oral health status of the North American child population. PMID- 6985817 TI - Systemic fluorides: an overview. PMID- 6985818 TI - Review of topical applications: fluorides and fissure sealants. PMID- 6985820 TI - Diet and nutrition and dental caries. PMID- 6985823 TI - International Year of the Child: dental perspectives. PMID- 6985819 TI - Oral hygiene measures. PMID- 6985821 TI - Implications of dental disease: an economist's perspective. PMID- 6985824 TI - The future of our profession: unity. PMID- 6985822 TI - Implications of dental disease: a sociologist's perspective. PMID- 6985826 TI - Extraneural metastases of astrocytomas and glioblastomas: clinicopathological study of two cases and review of literature. AB - Two cases of intracranial gliomas with extraneural metastases are described. Case 1, studied with biopsy material only, was a left malignant astrocytoma from the area of the rolandic fissure with right cervical lymph nodes metastases in a 43 year-old man. Case 2 was a left temporal malignant astrocytoma in a 21-year-old woman. Fifteen days after craniotomy, a left submandibular lymph node metastasis appeared. Forty days after surgery, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed. Fifty-four days after surgery, the patient died. Autopsy revealed three liver metastases. Our review of the literature consists of 72 autopsy cases with extraneural deposits. Thos metastases occurred mainly in adults (63/72) and among men (46/72). The primary glioma was supratentorial in 67 cases. Metastases were mainly pulmonary and pleural. The majority of patients (82.8%) died within 2 years after onset of symptoms. In 8 of the cases, metastasis developed without any craniotomy and in 8 other cases, through a shunt. PMID- 6985825 TI - Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, intermediate dose methotrexate, and folinic acid rescue (CAMF) in advanced lung cancer. AB - Combination chemotherapy appears superior to single-agent therapy in treating a wide variety of tumors. Encouraged by this data, we conducted a pilot study using cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, intermediate dose methotrexate and folinic acid rescue (CAMF) in patients with advanced lung cancer. Forty-eight patients with unresectable tumors were entered on this trial, and treated with 500 mg/m2 intravenously administered cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/m2 intravenously administered adriamycin, 40--200 mg/m2 orally administered methotrexate (4 doses/24 hrs), and 5 mg orally administered folinic acid (6 doses/36 hrs); this regimen was repeated every three weeks if tolerable. There were 43 patients evaluable for toxicity and 34 (non-small types) for response. The major toxicities were myelosuppression and nausea and vomiting. The overall response rate (complete and partial responses) was 29.4% (10/34) and in 13 patients (38%), the disease was stabilized. Those responding had a median survival time of 10.5 months versus 4 months for nonresponders. Patients in whom the disease was stabilized had a median survival time of 8 months. CAMF is a well-tolerated drug combination with promising results in patients with advanced lung cancer. PMID- 6985827 TI - Adjuvant immunotherapy with transfer factor in patients with melanoma metastatic to lung. AB - Nine patients with resectable pulmonary metastases of malignant melanoma were treated with surgery and transfer factor. Twelve months after thoracotomy, all were alive. After a median follow-up of 20 months, only one patient had died. Historic, other-center controls treated with surgery alone had a significantly (p less than 0.025) lower survival rate. Recurrence rates tended to be lower in the transfer factor group, but the differences were not significant. These results suggest that transfer factor may prolong survival in patients with an immunologically responsive malignancy and a small residual tumor burden. PMID- 6985828 TI - Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XXXV. The missing Y in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). AB - The bone marrow chromosomes in six ANLL patients with a missing Y were examined. In all of six cases, the missing Y was the only chromosomal abnormality at diagnosis, and it persisted through their clinical courses. One patient had a shift from the 45,X to a 47,XX, +5, 13q + karyotype in the terminal phase of the disease. The findings indicate that the 45,X cells were not involved in further karyotypic progression, and that the leukemic process usually seemed to involve the 46,XY cell rather than the 45,X cells. Based on the data of the current study and that in the literature, it appears that the presence of missing Y in ANLL may afford a rather benign clinical course to such patients when compared to that of the ANLL patients with a missing Y. It is suggested that the age of the patients, karyotypic differences and degree of a missing Y in the marrow cells may affect the clinical course of ANLL. PMID- 6985829 TI - Methotrexate in the treatment of penile carcinoma. AB - Eight patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the penis received methotrexate, five with high-dose methotrexate, 250--1500 mg/m2 with citrovorum rescue Q 2--4 weeks, and three with low-dose methotrexate, 0.5--3.0 mg/kg weekly. Three (38%) patients achieved a complete or partial remission which persisted for 11, 3 and 2 months, respectively. Methotrexate appears to be an active agent in the treatment of advanced penile cancer. PMID- 6985830 TI - Cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate versus cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine for acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in adults. AB - One-hundred and fifty-one adults with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were entered into an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group protocol (EST-1473) comparing twice daily cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine (AT) with weekly cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside, and methotrexate (CAM) for remission induction. Of 111 evaluable patients, 16 treated with CAM and 16 treated with AT entered complete remission (CR) on their initial therapy and 5 additional patients entered CR on crossover for a total of 37 or 33% of the evaluable patients. Of the 71 patients who survived three weeks or longer, the overall CR rate was 52%. Cytochemical studies were performed on 85% of the evaluable cases, Minor disagreements between morphologic subtypes of ANLL occurred in 50% of cases. There was no difference in response rates between the major subtypes of ANLL regardless of whether the investigator's diagnosis or the cytochemical reference laboratory diagnosis was used. The median survival of all evaluable patients was 4.9 weeks; those patients who responded with a CR had a median survival of 60 weeks, while those who did not have a median survival of less than 3 weeks. Age less than 60, ambulatory performance status, or fewer than 50% marrow blasts were also associated with a better response rate and longer survival. CAM had more severe mucositis and vomiting associated with it than did AT, but toxicities were otherwise comparble. Weekly CAM and AT appear to be equally effective regimens in the treatment of ANLL. PMID- 6985831 TI - Clinical trial of VP 16--213 (NSC 141540) I.V. twice weekly in advanced neoplastic disease: a study by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. AB - The epipodophyllotoxin derivative VP 16--213 (NSC 141540) was studied by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B in a broad phase II trial at three dose levels: 60 mg/m2, 90 mg/m2, and 135 mg/m2 I.V. twice weekly. No correlation between dose of VP 16--213 and response frequency in a particular disease category could be demonstrated. Of the 382 patients, 8% obtained a complete (CR) or partial remission (PR), 8% showed improvement, and 14% had stable disease. By tumor type the best responses were obtained in lymphomas (8/31 CR + PR), uterus (2/9), prostate (1/5), rhabdomyosarcoma (2/6), neuroblastoma (2/4), colon/rectum (5/81), other gastrointestinal (4/32). In lung tumors, 4/80 patients obtained CR or PR. VP 16--213 has definite antineoplastic activity but the response frequency with the twice weekly schedule may be lower than that reported with other schedules. PMID- 6985832 TI - Nodular mixed lymphocytic-histiocytic lymphoma (NM): response and survival. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. AB - Eighty patients with nodular mixed lymphocytic-histiocytic lymphoma (NM) entered on four different Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group chemotherapy studies were analyzed for response and survival. They were compared with 249 patients with nodular lymphocytic poorly differentiated lymphoma (NLPD), who were treated similarly. The response rates in NM were: CR 45%, PR 30%, NC-PD 25%. In NLPD the quality of response had little effect on survival (CR 91%, PR 90%, NC-PD 76%), whereas in NM the two year survivorship of 85% for CR dropped drastically to 33% for the partial responders (P less than 0.01). Ninety percent of the previously untreated NLPD, but only 59% of the comparable group of NM, survived 2 years. In 23 patients with NM in which the pattern was reported as both nodular and diffuse (ND-M), the 2-year survival of 35% was markedly inferior to a 66% 2-year survivorship observed in 57 patients with the pure nodular pattern (P less than 0.05). It appears that NM is a less favorable lymphoma type than NLPD. In NM achievement of a CR affects survival favorably; consequently, the use of aggressive chemotherapy regimens in an attempt to achieve high rates of CR are recommended. In NLPD, on the other hand, since survival curves of partial and complete responders are almost identical, suboptimal treatments may be justified. PMID- 6985833 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) vs. hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Delalutin) in women with metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma. AB - A prospective trial was initiated in 1972 utilizing Depo-Provera in women with metastatic or recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma to evaluate if the objective response and survival would be significantly improved in comparison to patients previously treated with Delalutin at a similar dose. One hundred fourteen patients were included in the study: 70 received Delalutin and 44 Depo-Provera. There was no significant increase in the objective response or survival between the Delalutin or Depo-Provera patients. Of the 114 patients, 15.8% achieved an objective response, with 7.0% being complete responders. There was no significant increase in objective response to Delalutin or Depo-Provera in relationship to the size of the tumor masses, the number of metastases, site of metastases, histologic grade of the primary, histologic grade of recurrence or metastases, or prior radiation therapy. The only significant correlate was that patients whose disease recurred 3 or more years after the initial therapy had a significant (P = 0.01) increase in response (33.3%) compared to those with recurrence less than 3 years after their original treatment (8.3%). PMID- 6985834 TI - Relationship of lysozyme (muramidase) to histiocytic differentiation in malignant histocytosis: an immunohistochemical study. AB - Malignant histiocytosis (MH) is a rare, usually fatal systemic disease considered to be a neoplasm of true histiocytes. Because MH may be difficult to differentiate from non-Hodgkin's lymphomas or carcinoma, we examined surgical and autopsy material from 10 patients with MH using the immunoperoxidase technique to determine if the presence of intracellular lysozyme is helpful in making this distinction. The cases of MH were divided into three groups based on the degree of cytologic atypia and the amount of phagocytic activity of the neoplastic cells: group I--minimal cytologic atypia and rare erythrophagocytosis; group II- minimal cytologic atypia with extensive erythrophagocytosis: group III--moderate to marked cytologic atypia and rare phagocytosis. Moderate to strong staining for lysozyme was observed in the neoplastic cells of group I, weak or absent staining in group II cells, and no staining in group III cells. These findings suggest the loss of detectable enzyme in poorly differentiated or dedifferentiated neoplastic histiocytes. Consideration must be given to these observations in evaluating the use of lysozyme as a possible serum or tissue aid to the diagnosis of MH. PMID- 6985837 TI - Ewing's sarcoma at the site of a metal plate. AB - A case of Ewing's sarcoma which appeared at the site of a previous bone plating is reported. The coincidence and the literature on the carcinogenicity of three of the main elements used in cast vitallium is briefly discussed. PMID- 6985836 TI - Effect of short-term levamisole therapy on delayed hypersensitivity. AB - A randomized trial of short-term Levamisole treatment was undertaken in a cancer population unresponsive to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to determine whether this agent increased delayed hypersensitivity. Of 100 patients entered, 50 received Levamisole (150 mg daily x 3) during DNCB challenge. The other 50 patients were challenged but not given the drug. The conversion rate to DNCB+ was 20% (10/50) for those treated and 12% (6/50) for controls. The difference is not significant. When all 100 patients were considered there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between extent of disease and the incidence of conversion to a DNCB reactive state. Levamisole as given does not appear to have a major influence on delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. PMID- 6985835 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum in acute myelocytic leukemia. AB - The purpose of this study is to see if immunotherapy with C. parvum and prevention of central nervous system relapse with intrathecal methotrexate can prolong duration of complete remission and survival as well as avoid central nervous system relapse. For induction, three weekly I.V. injections of vincristine and Daunorubicin were given with daily prednisone orally, followed by 5-day courses of Cytosine Arabinoside and 6-mercaptopurine. The patients were randomized to chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy. Maintenance consisted of vincristine, Daunorubicin, and prednisone one week every odd month, and a 5-day course of Cytosine Arabinoside and 6-mercaptopurine every even month. Every week, the chemoimmunotherapy group also received, without chemotherapy, one injection of C. parvum 4 mg, subcutaneously. All patients received five weekly injections of intrathecal methotrexate 13 mg/m2 right after complete remission was achieved. Out of 181 evaluable cases, 80 (44%) achieved complete remission, 45 were randomized to chemotherapy, and 35 to chemoimmunotherapy. In the chemoimmunotherapy group 32/35 relapsed, and in the chemotherapy group 36/45. Median duration of complete remission and survival were: for group chemotherapy, 8 and 15 months; for group chemoimmunotherapy, 5 and 10 months. This difference is not significant. Intrathecal methotrexate was given to all patients. Six patients (7%) had central nervous system leukemia at the time of the first injection. None had central nervous system relapse after prevention with intrathecal methotrexate. This method seems useful in preventing central nervous system relapse in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia, but does not seem to prolong complete remission. PMID- 6985838 TI - Comparison of the mutagenicities of malondialdehyde and the side products formed during its chemical synthesis. AB - Malondialdehyde, a product of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and degradation, has been reported to be mutagenic and carcinogenic. The malondialdehyde used for testing was generated by the acidic hydrolysis of tetraalkoxypropanes. We have studied the production of compounds mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strain his D 3052 following the hydrolysis of tetraalkoxypropanes. The major mutagenic compound produced from tetraethoxypropane is beta-ethoxy-acrolein (90 to 100 revertants/mumol) and not malondialdehyde (3 to 5 revertants/mumol). Hydrolysis of tetramethoxypropane produces two compounds, beta-methoxy-acrolein (125 to 160 revertants/mumol) and 3,3-dimethoxypropionaldehyde (105 to 135 revertants/mumol), which are more mutagenic than is malondialdehyde. Using standard conditions for the hydrolysis of tetraethoxypropane, the yield of malondialdehyde is 25%, and the yield of beta ethoxyacrolein is 13%. Considering the differences in specific mutagenicity, the compound which accounts for the bulk of the mutagenicity of a crude hydrolsate of tetraethoxypropane is not malondialdehyde. The presence of these incomplete hydrolysis products may lead to a substantial overestimation of the actual mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of malondialdehyde. PMID- 6985839 TI - Aaron Bendich 1917-1979. PMID- 6985840 TI - [Kinetic studies of the (1 linked to 4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyltransferase reaction catalyzed by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, particularly the cyclization with (1 linked to 4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl chains (average polymerization of 16) as substrate]. AB - The transfer reactions, particularly the cyclization reaction, catalyzed by the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase ((1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-glucan:[(1 leads to 4) alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]-transferase (cyclizing), EC 2.4.1.19; CGT) from Klebsiella pneumoniae M 5 al were studied with (1 leads to 4)-alpha-D glucopyranosyl chains (d.p. 16). The initial rate of the cyclization reaction with substrate concentrations from 1 up to 16 mM indicated a V of 6.2 kat . kg-1 of protein and a molar catalytical activity of 421.6 kat . mol-1 of enzyme. Km was found to be 1.03 mM. In addition to the cyclization, CGT simultaneously catalyzed a disproportionation of the substrate, yielding shorter maltooligosaccharides and (1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl chains which were significantly longer than the substrate itself. Cyclohepta- and cycloocta-amylose were accumulated in the course of longer incubation. They arose mainly from coupling reactions with the initially formed cyclohexaamylose and corresponding disproportionation of these transfer products. The extremely low formation rates of the higher cyclodextrins point to a "mistake" of the enzyme, when cyclizing to cyclohepta- and cyclooctaamylose. PMID- 6985841 TI - [Kinetic studies of the (1 linked to 4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyltransferase reaction catalyzed by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, particularly the cyclization with amylose, amylopectin and total starch as substrate]. AB - The time course of the (1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyltransfer reactions catalyzed by the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase ((1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-glucan: [(1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]transferase (cyclizing), EC 2.4.1.19, CGT) from Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied with several commercial amyloses, potato starch, and amylopectin, respectively. Amyloses were poor substrates for the cyclization reaction. In the initial phase of the transfer reactions, the CGT catalyzed a rapid shortening of the amylose chains. The rate of this shortening reaction was significantly accelerated by addition of maltooligosaccharides. Maximum rate of cyclohexaamylose formation was reached with amylose chains sufficiently short (less than Glc100) for the cyclization reaction. Cyclohexaamylose was formed with maximum rate from amyloses containing amylopectin impurities in the initial phase of the transfer reactions, suggesting that the non-reducing ends of the outer amylopectin chains serve as acceptors for the disproportionation of the amylose. Accordingly, water-soluble, high-molecular weight products containing higher percentages of lengthened outer-chains were obtained from potato starch or amylopectin. In the course of the transfer reactions, only traces of smaller maltooligosaccharides were detected chromatographically. PMID- 6985843 TI - Influence of the immunoregulatory serum lipoprotein LDL-In on the in vivo proliferation and differentiation of antigen-binding and antibody-secreting lymphocytes during a primary immune response. PMID- 6985842 TI - Group education for the hypertensive. PMID- 6985844 TI - Specificity of antierythrocyte autoantibodies secreted by a NZB-derived hybridoma and NZB peritoneal cells. PMID- 6985847 TI - Contribution of dynamic vascular wall thickening to luminal narrowing during coronary arterial constriction. AB - Available estimates of the ratio of wall thickness to luminal radius of human coronary arteries and certain geometrical assumptions were used to calculate the amounts of vascular smooth muscle shortening required to produce specific changes in luminal diameter for hypothetical "normal" and stenotic arteries. The results indicate that even modest mural thickening due to disease may act as a "lever" in translating physiologic degrees of medial smooth muscle shortening into critical luminal obstructions, providing the diseased segment maintains some pliability. The possibility of acute luminal occlusion occurring at stenotic sites as the result of "normal" vasomotion is illustrated. The appropriate use of the term coronary arterial "spasm" is discussed in light of these observations. PMID- 6985846 TI - Effect of afterload reduction on myocardial energetics. AB - Consideration of muscle energetics suggests that the ventricle has a very definite optimum range of operating wall tensions, and that clinical advantage can be gained by maintaining the tension within this range. PMID- 6985845 TI - Nuclear proteins and chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 6985848 TI - Quantification of aortic valvular regurgitation in dogs by nuclear imaging. AB - Radionuclide gated cardiac blood pool (GBP) imaging was used to quantitatively assess the severity of acute aortic valvular regurgitation produced experimentally in 10 anesthetized dogs. Right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) stroke counts (end-diastolic minus end-systolic counts in RV and LV regions of interest) were used as indices of the stroke volumes of the two ventricles. Regurgitant fraction (RFGBP) was derived by assuming that an excess of LV stroke counts compared to RV stroke counts was due to regurgitant flow: RFGBP = LV stroke counts - RV stroke counts/LV stroke counts X 100. Regurgitant fraction (RFEMF) was also estimated directly from an electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) on the ascending aorta. Mean RFEMF was 55.8 +/- 17.9% (+/-SD). Close agreement was found between regurgitant fractions measured by GBP and EMF (RFGBP = 1.09, RFEMF - 4.7%, r = 0.88, p less than 0.001, SEE = 9.98%). The severity of regurgitation from blood pool images also correlated closely with aortic pulse pressure (r = 0.89) and the length of the tear in the aortic valve (r = 0.84). These results suggest that blood pool imaging may be sueful for noninvasive quantification of regurgitant flow in patients with valvular insufficiency. PMID- 6985849 TI - Measurement of sodium valproate in serum by direct-insertion chemical ionization/mass spectrometry. AB - To quantitatively determine sodium valproate, we use a stable isotope-labeled internal standard and chemical-ionization/mass spectrometry, without prior chromatographic separation. The technique is rapid, simple, sensitive, and provides for the routine analysis of 100 microL of serum with good within-day and day-to-day precision. The technique also allows for the simultaneous determination of phenobarbital, mephobarbital, carbamazepine, primidone, and phenytoin. PMID- 6985851 TI - A comparison of serum phenytoin determination by the substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay with gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay and "EMIT". AB - Patients' sera were analyzed for phenytoin by the Substrate-Labeled Fluorescent Immunoassay (SLFIA), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and EMIT and the results were compared. The EMIT assay was performed using a "PACER Analyzer". All assay results compared favorably. The correlation coefficients were: SLFIA vs GC, 0.995 (n = 45); SLFIA vs. LC, 0.993 (n = 37); SLFIA vs. EMIT, 0.965 (n = 67); SLFIA vs. RIA, 0.977 (n = 34). These results show that phenytoin levels determined by the SLFIA compare well with those obtained by the other four assay techniques. PMID- 6985850 TI - Measurement of tricyclic antidepressants. Part I. A review of methodology. PMID- 6985852 TI - Shigella sonnei bacteremia. PMID- 6985853 TI - Hemophilus influenzae infections: a brief review. AB - Invasive disease due to Hemophilus influenzae constitutes a major pediatric problem. The present article summarizes current concepts regarding epidemiologic, diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic aspects of Hemophilus influenzae infections. PMID- 6985855 TI - Valproate plasma protein binding in the uremic condition. AB - The protein binding of sodium [carboxy-14C] valproate has been studied in normal and uremic plasma using the method of equilibrium dialysis. Protein binding was dependent on concentration in both cases but there was a marked reduction in binding capacity in patients with renal dysfunction. Treatment of normal plasma with urea or creatinine to reproduce concentrations observed in uremia induced small decreases in binding. Diffusion dialysis of uremic plasma partially restored the degree of binding. Pretreatment of uremic plasma with activated charcoal at pH 3 raised binding capacity to that of normal plasma. PMID- 6985854 TI - Spironolactone and triamterene in volume-dependent essential hypertension. AB - The effects of 2 potassium-retaining diuretics on arterial pressure, intravascular volume, responses of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, serum electrolytes, and renal function were compared by means of an 8-wk double blind, crossover trial in 13 patients with "volume-dependent" essential hypertension. The fall in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures in the supine and erect positions (all p less than 0.005) induced by spironolactone was greater than that by triamterene. The pressure fall induced by spironolactone was also associated with a persistent contraction in plasma volume (p less than 0.05) and a secondary hyperaldosteronism that was not accompanied by hypokalemic alkalosis. The pressure fall induced by triamterene was not associated with reduced plasma volume, effect on plasma renin activity, or aldosterone excretion. Both drugs produced significant rises in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels that never exceeded normal limits. PMID- 6985856 TI - Effect of single doses of sodium valproate on serum phenytoin levels and protein binding in epileptic patients. AB - Our study underlines the importance of performing protein binding interaction studies in vivo. Predictions from in vitro studies may be misleading because they may not take into account the kinetics of the drug in the whole animal. Probably the most important clinical implication of these findings is that total serum phenytoin levels may fall when sodium valproate is added to therapy and this may lead to an increase in dose under the mistaken belief that the effect of the drug has been reduced. Since it is the bound and not the free drug which is reduced, phenytoin intoxication may result from this misguided action. PMID- 6985857 TI - Binding of bilirubin to albumin. PMID- 6985858 TI - Rhizopus lung abscess in renal transplant patient successfully treated by lobectomy. AB - A 46-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and cadaveric kidney transplant, maintained on a regimen of prednisone and azathioprine, developed a necrotizing pneumonia. The abscess cavity became secondarily infected with Rhizopus and was cured by surgical resection. Secondary invasion of an abscess cavity by Rhizopus and the successful surgical treatment of pulmonary phycomycosis in an immunosuppressed patient have not previously been reported. PMID- 6985860 TI - [Reflux problem]. PMID- 6985859 TI - Hemochromatosis--newer concepts: diagnosis and management. PMID- 6985861 TI - [Clinical significance of hepatitis B antigen-antibody system]. PMID- 6985862 TI - [Actual status of therapy of malignant soft tissue neoplasms]. PMID- 6985863 TI - Fine structure of subcultivated stratified squamous epithelium grown on collagen rafts. PMID- 6985864 TI - Direct demonstration of the presence of two immunologically distinct intermediate sized filament systems in the same cell by double immunofluorescence microscopy. Vimentin and cytokeratin fibers in cultured epithelial cells. PMID- 6985865 TI - Myocardial and pancreatic necrosis induced by Rocio virus, a new flavivirus. PMID- 6985866 TI - Diphenylhydantoin protection of centpiperalone induced insulin release from beta cells. PMID- 6985868 TI - Protein degradation in cell cultures: general considerations on mechanisms and regulation. AB - The general characteristics of proteolysis of endogenous proteins and its regulation are outlined, with particular reference to studies with cultured cells. The distinction between 'basal' (in nutritionally complete conditions) and 'accelerated' (in conditions deficient in certain nutrients or hormones) degradation is discussed. Evidence substantiating lysosomal participation in accelerated proteolysis is summarized. It is argued that basal proteolysis may also involve lysosomes, and new evidence on basal degradation in mouse peritoneal macrophages is presented. This work has utilized a new group specific inhibitor of thiol proteinases, synthesized by Dr. Elliot Shaw, carbobenzoxycarbonyl-L phenylalanyl-L-alanine-D-dizaomethane (Z-Phe-Ala-CHN2). The inhibitor produces a correlated dose-dependent inhibition of cellular cathepsin B and of ongoing proteolysis. There is a lag before it is effective that has been shown to be due to its slow entry (probably by pinocytosis) into the cells. Possible mechanisms of selectivity of degradation, and the relative roles of nonlysosomal and lysosomal degradative routes, are discussed briefly. PMID- 6985867 TI - Minimal modeling, partition analysis, and the estimation of insulin sensitivity. PMID- 6985870 TI - Protein turnover during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. AB - Skeletal muscle hypertrophy has been investigated in several models including denervation, increased work induced by tenotomy of a synergist, and the addition of weights to the wing of a chicken. The stimulus for growth probably involves passive stretch along with increased tension development induced by the stretch reflex in innervated muscles. In early studies of hypertrophy of rat soleus and plantaris muscles, turnover measurements were interpreted as indicating increased protein synthesis and decreased degradation as the mechanism for the hypertrophy. However, these conclusions are probably unjustified. In particular it has been shown that there is a marked increase in reutilization and isotope recycling in muscle during hypertrophy. Several studies indicate that both protein synthesis and degradation are increased during hypertrophy. This has been shown in the transient hypertrophy of the denervated hemidiaphragm. During hypertrophy of the innervated anterior latissimus dorsi of chickens, there are increases in protein synthesis and degradation to the extent that as much as two-thirds of the total increase in synthesis may be associated with increased turnover or "wastage" and only one-third with growth. PMID- 6985871 TI - Extrapolating carcinogenesis data from animals to humans. AB - Extrapolation of bioassay data from high to low doses and from laboratory animal to the human is essential for future growth of the chemical industries and the safeguard of human health and th environment. To be effective this process requires a solid data base: Metabolism of the chemicals holds many clues regarding their carcinogenic hazards, and studies in liver, kidney, and the specific target organs and their cellular organelles are needed. Other environmental chemicals may alter the effects of a single pollutant by enzyme induction or inhibition in liver or target organ (in cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, or nuclear membranes) and may cause shunts to alternate pathways which must be explored at different dose levels. DNA repair needs further exploration with attention to the molecular location of attachment of the electrophile to DNA bases and the ability of the target cell for effective repair. Inhibition of DNA repair by environmental chemicals needs better understanding. The synergistic effects of chemicals contribute to the complexity of proper extrapolation of data. Cocardinogenicity is not a laboratory curiosity but a real-life situation. Specific human genetic defects involving DNA repair or immunologic competence may further complicate the issues and need exploration. PMID- 6985872 TI - The many forms and functions of cellular proteinases. AB - Mammalian proteases comprise both the peptidases or exopeptidases, which act at the N- or C-terminal positions of polypeptides, and the proteinases or endopeptidases, which are capable of cleaving peptide bonds in the central regions of polypeptides. Presumably the endopeptidases usually act first in the degradation of a protein molecule. The endopeptidases are classified in four distinct groups on the basis of the chemical nature of the groups responsible for catalytic activity. Because these chemical groupings are most reliably recognized by use of active-site directed inhibitors, inhibitors are often more important than substrates in the classification and identification of proteinases. The major characteristics of the serine, thiol, carboxyl, and metallo-proteinases are summarized. The activities of the proteinases in vivo are controlled by a powerful range of inhibitors, as well as other factors, and the properties of these also are summarized. PMID- 6985869 TI - Proteinases in cardiac and skeletal muscle. AB - Although changes in proteolysis in muscle tissue are now well documented for a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, the mechanism of degradation of cellular protein during normal protein turnover remains to be elucidated. Data from several laboratories have suggested the involvement of alkaline serine proteinases. Recent studies have questioned these results, and demonstrated that the serine proteinases are of mast cell origin and are not present in muscle cells. The only proteinases to date that have been shown to be present in muscle cells and capable of degrading myofibrillar proteins are Ca2+ activated proteinase, cathepsin B, and cathepsin D. Recent interest and developing awareness of endogenous enzyme inhibitors in cells may unmask many new enzymes. PMID- 6985875 TI - Female Kallmann's syndrome: evidence for a hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone deficiency. PMID- 6985874 TI - Clinical evaluation of the effects of a new long-acting superactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analog, D-Ser(TUB)6-des-Gly-10-ethylamide-LH RH, in women with secondary amenorrhea. PMID- 6985873 TI - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. PMID- 6985876 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone suppression of human placental progesterone production. PMID- 6985877 TI - [Protection of the gingival margin in the course of prosthodontic interventions]. PMID- 6985878 TI - A case of cryoglobulinemic gangrene in myeloma with fatal outcome despite successful skin grafting. AB - Extensive necrosis of the skin, muscle and bone was produced after prolonged cooling in a case of myeloma with cryoglobulinemia. Skin grafting was beneficial. PMID- 6985879 TI - Evidence for vagal enkephalinergic neural control of the feline pylorus and stomach. AB - The atropine- and guanethidine-resistant contraction of the cat pyloric sphincter induced by efferent stimulation of the cervical vagi, was studied with a new method for measuring transpyloric flow. The pyloric contraction was blocked in a dose-dependent manner by the opiate antagonist naloxone infused intraarterially to the pyloric region. Local intraarterial injection of morphine or enkephalinamide elicited a pyloric and gastric contraction. Leu- and met enkephalin intraarterially elicited a pyloric contraction and a gastric relaxation. These effects could be prevented or reversed by naloxone. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a particularly rich enkephalinergic innervation of the pylorus with dense networks of varicose nerve fibers with enkephalin-like immunoreactivity both in the circular smooth muscle layer and in the myenteric plexus. Furthermore, many cell bodies of the myenteric plexus with enkephalin-like material were demonstrated. The corpus-antrum was sparsely innervated by enkephalin-like nerves to the circular muscle layer and only few immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the myenteric plexus. These results together suggest a vagal control of the feline pylorus and stomach mediated via enkephalinergic neurons. PMID- 6985880 TI - G-cell populations in resected stomachs from gastric and duodenal ulcer patients. AB - The G-cell population in the pyloric antrum and proximal duodenum was studied quantitatively by immunofluorescence in specimens from 10 gastric and 12 duodenal ulcer patients. In both groups, G-cell density was highest in the pyloric antrum and much lower in the intermediate zone and proximal duodenum, and G-cell counts were statistically higher at the greater than the lesser curvature. The estimated total number of G cells in the whole pyloric antrum including the intermediate zone in the duodenal ulcer group was (1.806 +/- 0.347) x 10(7), this value was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than that of (0.872 +/- 0.207) x 10(7) in the gastric ulcer group. This difference was due to a higher incidence of intestinal metaplasia and a decrease in the thickness of the antral mucosa in the latter group. The estimated total number of G cells showed a significant negative correlation not only with the patient age (P less than 0.01) but also with the degree of intestinal metaplasia of the antral mucosa (P less than 0.01) in both duodenal and gastric ulcer patients. PMID- 6985881 TI - Double-blind controlled trial of prednisolone therapy in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis and spontaneous encephalopathy. AB - Twenty-eight patients entered a double-blind controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of prednisolone treatment in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis accompanied by encephalopathy. Fifty-three percent (8 of 15) given prednisolone and 54% (7 of 13) given placebo died during the study. The mean duration of hospitalization was 66 days for the prednisolone-treated group and 56 days for those treated with placebo. Prednisolone treatment produced no important beneficial effect on any of the hepatic biochemical tests. The outcome in any particular case was directly related to the development of specific lethal complications (renal failure, injection, and gastrointestinal bleeding) rather than to the treatment employed. We were unable to show any beneficial effect of prednisolone treatment on morbidity or mortality in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis and encephalopathy. PMID- 6985882 TI - Efficacy and indications of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment for dissolving gallstones. A multicenter double-blind trial. Tokyo Cooperative Gallstone Study Group. AB - The cholelitholytic action of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was investigated by a double-blind clinical trial. The trial started with 151 subjects all confirmed by radiographic examination as having radiolucent gallstones in a functioning gallbladder. The subjects were divided into three groups receiving 600 mg/day of UDCA, 150 mg/day of UDCA, and placebo (lactose) per day, respectively. Seventy nine cases were classed as dropouts or were excluded due to incomplete follow-up or inadequate patient selection, and the data on the remaining 72 cases were analyzed. After 6--12 mo of treatment, dissolution of decrease in size or number of stones occurred in 10 of the 29 cases in the 600 mg/day group (34.5%), 4 of 23 cases in the 150 mg/day group (17.4%), and 1 of 20 cases in the control group (5.0%). For those cases with noncalcified, less than 15 mm in diameter, and floating stones, efficacy increased to 83.3% in the 600 mg/day group. Lithogenic index of bile defined by Thomas and Hofmann became unsaturated after treatment in the 600 mg/day group. Neither diarrhea nor hepatic toxicity was noted. The results indicate that UDCA is a safe and effective litholytic agent. PMID- 6985883 TI - Reminiscences of the development of cimetidine. PMID- 6985884 TI - Congressman gains visibility in health field. PMID- 6985885 TI - Essential and nonessential cooperative signals in lymphocyte triggering in solid cultures. AB - The kinetics of lymphocyte stimulation by mitogens in solid cultures were used to study the role of cell interactions in these responses. An absolute requirement for cell interactions, possibly through soluble mediators, was found in lymphocyte responses to calcium ionophore A23187, phytohemagglutinin HA17 and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. Accessory leukocytes were adherent to plastic surfaces and did form E rosettes. Autologous erythrocytes were also capable of providing essential cooperative signals. 2-Mercaptoethanol, in contrast, only provided nonessential cooperative signals for lymphocyte stimulation in solid cultures. PMID- 6985886 TI - Infections and antibiotic prophylaxis in the fulgurated rat bladder. AB - A model is described for establishing infection in a fulgurated rat bladder. Persistence of bacteriuria was dependent upon the size of the bacterial inoculum. Infection in an injured bladder exposed to a single predictable bacterial inoculum may be prevented by a single dose of antibiotic. The appropriate timing of antibiotic administration varies with the infecting organism. PMID- 6985887 TI - Ramon Guiteras (1858-1917). PMID- 6985888 TI - Platelet antagonists in migraine prophylaxis. A clinical trial using aspirin and dipyridamole. PMID- 6985889 TI - Long-term maintenance lithium therapy and possible irreversible renal damage. AB - This article reviews the literature regarding structural damage and functional disturbances of the kidneys due to long-term maintenance lithium therapy. The correlation between structural changes and functional disturbances of the kidneys is examined. The prognostic implications of lithium-induced nephropathy are discussed, especially in regard to the possible development of chronic renal failure. Recommendations are made to provide maximum benefits of lithium therapy and to minimize accompanying risks of renal side effects. PMID- 6985890 TI - Synthesis of ribosomal protein S1 following nutritional shift-up in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The synthesis rate of ribosomal protein S1 was measured in Escherichia coli K-12 during the transitional period following a nutritional shift-up from acetate minimal to glucose/amino acids/nucleosides medium. The synthesis rate of S1 increased without a lag suggesting that the S1 gene is under stringent control and located very close to its promoter. The rate of S1 synthesis slowed between 7 and 15 min, and then increased to the postshift-up steady state rate. The postshift-up steady state rate was half the initial rate obtained between 0 and 7 min. The slow down in the synthesis rate between 7 and 15 min indicates that an unknown factor(s), in addition to guanosine 5'-diphosphate, 3'-diphosphate, participates in the regulation of S1 gene expression. PMID- 6985891 TI - Studies on the quaternary structure of Escherichia coli pyruvate oxidase. AB - Pyruvate oxidase is a peripheral membrane enzyme isolated from Escherichia coli. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to yield acetate plus CO2. The specific activity of the purified oxidase is stimulated 25-fold by lipids, and this lipid requirement has been the subject of previous studies. Since the enzyme is a tetramer at high protein concentrations (1 mg/ml) and is known to self-aggregate under certain conditions, the question arose as to whether the lipid stimulation observed in the steady state assay might be due to a change in the quaternary structure of the protein, either a dissociation or further association. This report is directed at determining the state of association of pyruvate oxidase under assay conditions by using fluorescence polarization. A photoreactive, nonspecific probe, 1-azidonaphthalene 5-sulfonate, was used to label the protein surface with an extrinsic fluorophore. It is concluded that under steady state assay conditions the oxidase remains tetrameric. PMID- 6985892 TI - Location of three active site residues in the NH2-terminal sequence of the beta 2 subunit tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli. AB - The three known active site residues of the tryptophan synthase beta 2 subunit from Escherichia coli are shown to fall within 25 residues of each other in the primary sequence of the NH2-terminal region of the beta 2 subunit. These residues are: lysine-86, which forms a Schiff's base with pyridoxal phosphate; histidine 81 or histidine-85, which removes the alpha proton of L-serine; and cysteine-61, which reacts with bromoacetylpyridoxamine phosphate, an affinity label for the beta 2 subunit. The sequence of the first 78 residues of a single cyanogen bromide fragment containing these active site residues has been determined by automatic Edman degradation and by sequence analysis of daughter peptides. This 79-residue cyanogen bromide fragment, which contains the 22-residue pyridoxyl peptide sequenced earlier by Fluri et al. (Fluri, R., Jackson, L. E., Lee, W. E., and Crawford, I. P. (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 6620-6624), was placed at the NH2 terminal end of the beta chain beginning at residue 22. Thus, the primary sequence of residues 1 to 99 of the beta 2 subunit is reported. PMID- 6985893 TI - Development of Escherichia coli virus T1. The role of the proton-motive force. AB - In the interaction between Escherichia coli virus T1 and its host cell, which leads to reorientation of macromolecule synthesis, the alteration of the host cell membrane is an important step: The proton-motive force is rapidly reduced. This became apparent from selective changes in energy-coupled transports: proton motive force- and ATP-dependent transports are inhibited in wild type cells. However, in ATPase-deficient (unc-) cells the ATP-driven transports are not affected by T1. The membrane potential is reduced by T1 as was measured by triphenylmethylphosphonium ion distribution. The potassium gradient is dissipated and calcium ions are accumulated by the cells. However, the residual (but reduced) membrane energy is essential for T1 development since the addition of uncouplers prevents any viral production. Consistently, the cell membrane remains intact after T1 infection: proteins, like beta-galactoside, amino acids, and alpha-methylglucoside cannot passively penetrate the membrane of T1-infected cells. PMID- 6985894 TI - The binding of heavy meromyosin to F-actin. AB - The binding of heavy meromyosin (HMM), a soluble two-headed fragment of myosin, to F-actin was examined at mu = 0.22 M, 22 degrees C. The actin-HMM association constant was determined by having HMM and subfragment 1 (S-1) compete for sites on F-actin. In these experiments, varying concentrations of S-1 were added to a fixed concentration of HMM and F-actin. F-actin and bound fragments (HMM and S-1) then were sedimented and the concentration of unbound fragments was determined. The data were analyzed using a set of theoretical equations proposed by Hill ((1978) Nature 274, 825-826) that provide a simple way of analyzing the relative binding of one- and two-headed ligands. Using these equations, the actin-HMM association constant was determined to be 3 x 10(9) M-1, while under the same conditions the actin-S-1 association constant is 5 x 10(6) M-1 (determined in preceding paper (Greene, L. E., and Eisenberg, E. (1980) J. Biol, Chem. 255, 543 548)). Therefore, under these conditions, HMM binds 600-fold stronger to actin than does S-1, indicating that both of the HMM heads can bind strongly to actin. PMID- 6985895 TI - Mechanistic features of pepsin-catalyzed amino transfer reactions. AB - Peptic cleavage of N-trifluoroacetyl-L-tryptophan (CF3CO-Trp) at pH 2.45 to 5.4 in the presence of L-beta-phenyllactic acid (Pla) yields much PlaTrp. Formation of PlaTrp represents a typical peptic amino transfer reaction. In this instance PlaTrp undoubtedly derives from a reaction between the acceptor, Pla, and the carboxylate anion, CF3CO-TrpCOOO- (or a species obtained from it). This observation suggests that in general the anionic form of a substrate, such as AcPheTrpCOOO- in the case of AcPheTrp, may be the primary source of the amino acid residue transferred in amino transpeptidations. Other evidence supports the validity of the proposal. Furthermore it has the virtue of rationally explaining why AcPheTrpNH2-like substrates fail to participate in amino transpeptidations and why these reactions tend to increase in importance at high pH. PMID- 6985896 TI - Inactivation of the catalytic subunit of aspartate transcarbamylase by nitration with tetranitromethane. PMID- 6985897 TI - Regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Cloning of the structural gene for the biosynthetic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The structural gene for the Escherichia coli biosynthetic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (glycerol-P) dehydrogenase gpsA, was transferred from a defective transducing phage (lambda dcysE, gpsA) into the Eco RI site of plasmid pMB9 by recombinant DNA techniques. The recombinant plasmids suppressed the glycerol-P requirement of gpsA- mutants and strains bearing one such plasmid, pDC2, overproduced the glycerol-P dehydrogenase about 60-fold. The glycerol-P dehydrogenase from a strain bearing the pDC2 was purified 200-fold to homogeneity. This is contrasted to the 12,000-fold purification required to purify the enzyme from a wild type strain (Edgar, J. R., and Bell, R. M. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6348-6353). The homogeneous enzyme purified from a strain bearing the pDC2 plasmide was strongly inhibited by glycerol-P (Ki of 2.5 microM). The introduction of the pDC2 plasmid into glycerol-P auxotrophs containing a Km-defective glycerol-P acyltranferase, defined by the plsB locus, caused a 60-fold overproduction of the glycerol-P requirement. This strongly suggests that the intracellular level of glycerol-P is stringently regulated in vivo by a mechanism involving feedback inhibition of the glycerol-P dehydrogenase by glycerol-P. PMID- 6985898 TI - Portions of the gene encoding elongation factor Tu are highly conserved in prokaryotes. PMID- 6985899 TI - Identification by affinity chromatography of the rat liver ribosomal proteins that bind to Escherichia coli 5 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid. AB - The eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomal proteins that bind to Escherichia coli 5 S rRNA were identified by affinity chromatography. The E. coli ribosomal proteins that associated with the nucleic acid were L5, L18, and L25 confirming earlier findings using the same and different procedures. The rat liver ribosomal proteins that associated with E. coli 5 S rRNA were L6, L7, L19, L35a, and S9; several of those proteins also bind to rat liver 5 S rRna (L6, L19) and to 5.8 S rRna (L6, L19, and S9). PMID- 6985900 TI - Assembly of membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6985901 TI - Assembly of the outer membrane lipoprotein in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6985902 TI - Guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) and the regulation of protein breakdown in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6985903 TI - Initiation of DNA replication by the dnaG protein. AB - Highly purified preparations of dnaG protein from Escherichia coli prime minus strand synthesis of phage alpha 3 DNA in vitro. This protein synthesizes primer oligonucleotides which may be composed of ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide moieties or both. The presence of deoxyribonucleotide moieties in the chain limits primer chain length; this effect occurs even when ribonucleoside triphosphates are included in the priming reaction. The dnaG protein can use ADP in place of ATP. Primer formation by dnaG protein is strictly stoiochiometric in vitro; one molecule of dnaG protein is required to prime one molecule of alpha 3 DNA. All of these primers are equally efficient in the subsequent elongation reaction with DNA elongation factors I and III, dnaZ gene product, and DNA polymerase III to form RFII. The site recognized by dnaG protein on alpha 3 DNA in vitro is within the same region of the alpha 3 chromosome as the origin of replication in vivo. Structural properties of this site are crucial to dnaG action in vitro. No other enzymatic activity for dnaG protein has been detected. PMID- 6985904 TI - Evidence for the identity and some comparative properties of alpha-ketoglutarate and 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity. AB - Enzyme preparations of pig heart and Escherichia coli are shown to catalyze a NAD+- and CoASH-dependent oxidation of 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate. Several independent lines of evidence support the conclusion that this hydroxyketo acid is a substrate for the well known alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of the citric acid cycle. The evidence includes (a) a constant ratio of specific activity values for the two substrates through several steps of purification, (b) identical elution profiles from a calcium phosphate gel-cellulose column and a constant ratio of specific activity toward the two substrates throughout the activity peak, (c) identical inactivation curves in controlled heat denaturation studies, (d) the same pH activity curves, (e) no effect on the oxidation of either keto acid by repeated freezing and thawing of dehydrogenase preparations, and (f) the same activity pattern when the E. coli complex is distributed into several fractions by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Additionally, the same cofactors are required for maximal activity and glyoxylate inhibits the oxidation of either substrate noncompetitively. Ferricyanide-linked oxidation of 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate yields malate as the product and a 1:2:1 stoichiometric relationship is obtained between the amount of hydroxyketo acid oxidized, ferricyanide reduced, and malate formed. PMID- 6985905 TI - Purification and characterization of the outer membrane lipoprotein from an Escherichia coli mutant altered in the signal sequence of prolipoprotein. PMID- 6985906 TI - The rapid purification of T4 DNA ligase from a lambda T4 lig lysogen. AB - A procedure has been developed for the rapid purification of the enzyme T4 DNA ligase. The procedure involves the induction at 42 degrees C of a lambda lysogen containing the gene for T4 DNA ligase (Murray, N.E., Bruce, S.A., and Murray, K. (1979) J. Mol. Biol. 132, 493-504), followed by purification of the ligase activity by phosphocellulose and hydroxylapatite chromatography. This results in the purification of large amounts of ligase with very high specific activity. The enzyme is free of contaminating exo- and endonuclease activities and active in the ligation of DNA fragments possessing cohesive or blunt-end termini. PMID- 6985907 TI - Amino acid substitutions in protein biosynthesis. Poly(A)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis. AB - The fidelity of protein biosynthesis in vitro was studied quantitatively in a well defined system that employed poly(A) as a message for the elaboration of phenylalanine-containing polypeptides from Escherichia coli phenylalanyl-tRNALys. Admixture of phenylalanyl-tRNALys and lysyl-tRNALys in three different ratios resulted in the efficient formation of peptides that contained the amino acids in the same ratios in which they had been utilized in the individual incubation mixtures. The incorporation was also shown to be codon-specific in a quantitative sense; the poly(A)-directed incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine from phenylalanyl tRNALys was unaffected by [3H]phenylalanyl tRNAPhe, by arginyl-tRNA (one species of which responds to the codon triplet AGA) or by unfractionated E. coli tRNA. These findings suggest that the transfer of amino acids from (misacylated) tRNAs into polypeptides in vitro is as predicted by the adapter hypothesis and that such systems can operate with sufficient fidelity to permit the preparation of proteins having defined amino acid substitutions. PMID- 6985908 TI - Phenylglyoxal as a template site-specific reagent for DNA and RNA polymerases. Selective inhibition of initiation. AB - Phenylglyoxal, an arginine-specific reagent, strongly inhibits DNA polymerases isolated from eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and RNA tumor viral sources as well as Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The inhibitory action of phenylglyoxal appears to be due to interference with the template binding function of these enzymes and implies the presence of an arginine residue at the template binding site of these enzymes from diverse sources and suggests that template dependent DNA, and perhaps RNA polymerases, may be mechanistically similar with respect to their template binding function. In contrast, the activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, a template-independent DNA polymerase isolated from calf thymus, is not inhibited by phenylglyoxal. A detailed analysis of the inhibitory process carried out using avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) DNA polymerase as a test enzyme revealed that inclusion of template-primer during the preincubation with phenylglyoxal, but not substrate triphosphates or primer alone, protects the enzyme against phenylglyoxal inactivation. Furthermore, phenylglyoxal does not appear to inhibit the elongation of initiated DNA strands, but blocks the reinitiation of DNA synthesis. PMID- 6985909 TI - The inactivation of saccharopine dehydrogenase (L-lysine-forming) by diethyl pyrocarbonate. AB - Saccharopine dehydrogenase (epsilon-N-(L-glutaryl-2)-L-lysine: NAD oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming) EC 1.5.1.7) from baker's yeast is inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate. Spectrophotometric studies show that the inactivation results from the modification of 3 histidyl residues/molecule of enzyme. The sulfhydryl content of the enzyme is unchanged by modification. The reversibility of inactivation by hydroxylamine and the pH dependence of inactivation are also consistent with the inactivation being due to modification of the histidyl residue. Although the coenzyme and substrates are without effect when added singly, the inactivation is completely protected by alpha-ketoglutarate in the presence of a saturating concentration of NADH. Since alpha-ketoglutarate binds only to the enzyme . NADH complex, the results suggest that the inactivation is due to modification of the residue at or near the substrate-binding site. Under the conditions where the inactivation is largely protected by NADH plus alpha ketoglutarate, 2 histidyl residues appear to be modified suggesting that only 1 residue involved in the catalytic activity. The modification appears to prevent the binding of alpha-ketoglutarate, but not of the coenzyme, to the enzyme. The protein fluorescence of the native and modified enzymes is quenched by NAD+ and NADH. However, the NADH titration curve of the modified enzyme is not affected by alpha-ketoglutarate, in contrast to the native enzyme which shows an increase in the apparent affinity for the coenzyme in the presence of alpha-ketoglutarate. PMID- 6985911 TI - Alfred Vernon Bateman, M.D. 1919-1979. PMID- 6985910 TI - Treatment of chronic slipped capital femoral epiphysis by bone-grafted epiphyseodesis. PMID- 6985912 TI - Effect of long-term immobilisation on the pattern of bone loss in older dogs. PMID- 6985913 TI - In memoriam: Charles Robert Griffin, 1919-1979. PMID- 6985914 TI - Internal fixation of the fragment of osteochondritis dissecans in the hip using bone transplants. A report of two cases. AB - Two patients with osteochondritis dissecans of the hip were operated on and their case histories are presented. The relatively large foci were situated on the weight-bearing surface of the joint and the fragments were fixed using transplants of cortical bone. In both cases the focus healed, and the symptoms were relieved. At follow-up six and nine years later respectively, the clinical results were good and no signs of osteoarthritis had as yet developed. PMID- 6985915 TI - The natural history of scoliosis in myelodysplasia. AB - Two hundred and fifty cases of myelodysplasia were reviewed in relation to spinal deformity. Approximately half of the children had, or were expected to develop, curves severe enough to need operations and only 10 per cent maintained completely undeformed spines. The most frequent deformity was scoliosis which could be subdivided into congenital and developmental types. The latter was of mixed aetiology, neuromuscular imbalance and asymmetry of the neural arch both contributing, while in some cases no causative factors could be identified. The best early indicator that developmental scoliosis was likely to appear was a high segmental level of both the neurological deficit and the neural arch defect. Deformity was very unlikely to start after the age of nine years. PMID- 6985916 TI - Health promotion and maintenance for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review. PMID- 6985919 TI - Elongated styloid process in a pre-Columbian Peruvian. PMID- 6985920 TI - Microscopic study of smooth silver-plated retention pins in amalgam. AB - A silver-plating technique was developed in an effort to produce good mechanical bonding characteristics between stainless steel pins and amalgam. Metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies were made to assess the presence, or otherwise, of such a bond between (a) the silver layer plating and the surface of the stainless steel pins, and (b) and silver plating and the amalgam. Unplated stainless steel and sterling silver pins were used as a control and as a comparison, respectively. A "rubbing" technique of condensation was devised closely adapt amalgam to the pins. It is concluded that there is strong evidence for the existence of a good bond between the plated pins and amalgam. The mechanical performance of the bond is discussed elsewhere. PMID- 6985917 TI - Interaction of Ca2+ and protein phosphorylation in the rabbit platelet release reaction. AB - Ca2+ flux and protein phosphorylation have been implicated as playing an important role in the induction of the platelet release reaction. However, the interactions between Ca2+, protein phosphorylation, and the release reaction have been difficult to study because secretion in human platelets is independent of extracellular Ca2+. Thus, we studied rabbit platelets, which, unlike human platelets, require extracellular Ca2+ for serotonin release to occur. Thrombin, basophil platelet-activating factor (PAF), or ionophore A23187 treatment of intact 32PO43--loaded rabbit platelets resulted in a 200-400% increase in phosphorylation of P7P and P9P, respectively. These peptides were similar in all respects to the peptides phosphorylated in thrombin-treated human platelets. When Ca2+ was replaced in the medium by EGTA, (a) thrombin- and PAF-induced rabbit platelet [3H]serotonin release was inhibited by 60-75%, whereas ionophore-induced release was blocked completely; (b) thrombin-, PAF-, or ionophore-induced P9P phosphorylation was inhibited by 60%; and (c) ionophore-induced P7P phosphorylation was decreased by 60%, whereas that caused by thrombin or PAF was decreased by only 20%. At 0.25-0.5 U/ml of thrombin, phosphorylation preceded [3H]serotonin release with the time for half-maximal release being 26.0 +/- 1.3 s SE (n = 3) and the time for half-maximal phosphorylation being 12.3 +/- 1.3 s SE (n = 3) for P7P and 3.7 +/- 0.17 s SE (n = 3) for P9P. P9P phosphorylation was significantly inhibited (P less than 0.015) by removal by Ca2+ from the medium at a time point before any thrombin- or ionophore-induced serotonin release was detectable. Thus, our data suggest that Ca2+ flux precedes the onset of serotonin secretion and that the rabbit platelet is an appropriate model in which to study the effects of Ca2+ on protein phosphorylation during the platelet release reaction. PMID- 6985918 TI - Endogenous pyrogen production by Hodgkin's disease and human histiocytic lymphoma cell lines in vitro. AB - Fever not explained by infection may occur in patients with malignant lymphoma presumably caused by a release of endogenous pyrogen. Although pyrogen has been found in some tumors with a mixed cell population, production of endogenous pyrogen by the neoplastic cells has not been demonstrated. This report documents the apparently spontaneous synthesis and release of such pyrogen by two human tumor cell lines derived from patients with Hodgkin's disease and histiocytic lymphoma. The endogenous pyrogen from the two cell lines was similar and closely resembled that produced by normal human monocytes in antigenic properties as well as heat and pronase sensitivity. The Hodgkin's disease and histiocytic lymphoma cell lines do not require specific stimulation for the production of endogenous pyrogen suggesting that the mechanism of pyrogen release by neoplastic macrophage related cells differs from that of normal phagocytic cells. The tumor-associated fever in some patients with malignant lymphoma may be caused by a release of endogenous pyrogen by proliferating neoplastic cells. PMID- 6985921 TI - The preauricular site for donor grafts of skin: advantages, disadvantages, and caveats. AB - Several donor sites may be considered to obtain grafts for large defects on the nose. Preauricular skin is excellent for small and large grafts for nasal reconstructions, but the facial nerve is at risk of injury from operations in this site. A case is described in which reconstruction of the nose after ablation of an extensive recurrent basal-cell carcinoma required the taking of a large graft of preauricular skin and in which complications ensued. These complications happily resolved, in part spontaneously and in part by practice of judicious conservative measures. The final result was gratifying. PMID- 6985922 TI - "Horace Mann." Educator and humanitarian. PMID- 6985923 TI - Differences in the reactivity of short and giant ragweed with immunoglobulin E antibodies. PMID- 6985924 TI - Evidence for human placental lactogen immunoreactivity in rat pars distalis. PMID- 6985926 TI - Evaluation of airborne operating room bacteria with a Biap slit sampler. AB - A Biap slit sampler and a Casella Mk 2 slit sampler were studied in an orthopaedic operating theatre. Both showed similar bacterial counts in the range of 74-640 c.f.u. (colony forming units)/m3. During operations, as average count of 220 c.f.u./m3 (range 52-482) was obtained. A close relationship was demonstrated between the number of airborne bacteria and the frequency of traffic through doors. PMID- 6985925 TI - Phage type/biotype groups of Salmonella typhimurium in Scotland 1974-6: variation during spread of epidemic clones. AB - Biotyping by the scheme of Duguid et al. (1975) of 2010 cultures of Salmonella typhimurium received by the Scottish Salmonella Reference Laboratory in 1974--6, the definitive phage types of which were known, revealed 137 different phage type/biotype groups. Four major epidemic clones, comprising 52% of the cultures, were recognized: 1/2a, 49/26a, 56/17g and 141/9f. The sources of each of these four groups of strains were primarily bovine (587 cultures) and human (361), suggesting a close association between infections in the two hosts. Epidemiological evidence showed that most of the outbreaks were caused by cultures of a single phage type/biotype, suggesting that both phage typing and biotyping characters were usually stable in the course of spread of epidemic strains. Thirty-two of the 63 phage types contained strains of more than one biotype. Cultures from 11 of the phage types were of two or more closely related biotypes and those from 21 others were of unrelated or distantly related biotypes. The combined use of phage typing and biotyping made it possible to detect occasional variations in the phage type or biotype in epidemic clones during their spread, e.g. phage type 49 to 204, 56 to 193, 141 to 193 and biotype 2a to 10a, 9f to 9bf, or 9cf, 26a to 26f. PMID- 6985927 TI - A bacteriological survey of sanitary dressings, and development of an effective means for their disposal. AB - A microbiological survey of over 400 sanitary dressings is reported: large numbers of bacteria are present, including species indicative of faecal contamination. The need for an effective bactericide in chemical bin exchange systems is thus demonstrated. Screening trials of several candidate formulations have been undertaken: buffered sodium metabisulphite, releasing sulphur dioxide as a vapour-phase bactericide, has now been introduced as an effective bin exchnage system. PMID- 6985928 TI - The occurrence and significance to animal health of salmonellas in sewage and sewage sludges. AB - A total of 882 samples of settled sewage, sewage sludges and final effluents from eight sewage treatment plants were examined for the presence of salmonellas. Of these samples 68% were positive, isolations being made most frequently from settled sewage (85%), raw sludge (87%) and anaerobically digested sludge (96%). Fewer isolations were made from final effluent (24%) and processed sludges (58%). Samples usually contained less than 200 salmonellas/100 ml and arguments are presented that such concentrations should not lead to disease in animals if suitable grazing restrictions are followed. PMID- 6985930 TI - Klebsiella species in hospital food and kitchens: a source of organisms in the bowel of patients. AB - Hospital food was examined for the presence of Klebsiella species. Salads and cold meat were most frequently contaminated, often containing more than 10(3) organisms per g. Klebsiella species were also widely distributed in the kitchen environment which was considered, at least in part, to be the source of the organisms in food. By the use of serological and bacteriocin typing, intestinal carriage of strains ingested in food could be demonstrated. PMID- 6985929 TI - A comparative study of gram-negative aerobic bacilli in the faeces of babies born in hospital and at home. AB - Examination of the faeces of 50 babies born at home showed that bottle-fed babies carried significantly more Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas spp. and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli than did breast-fed babies. Bottle-fed babies born in hospital had a less mixed faecal flora than bottle-fed babies born at home. The possibility that bacterial contamination of home-prepared feeds may account for these differences requires investigation. PMID- 6985931 TI - Synthesis and secretion of serum amyloid protein A (SAA) by hepatocytes in mice treated with casein. PMID- 6985932 TI - Inhibition of the immune response by Fc receptor-bound specific antibody on T lymphocytes. AB - Removal of naturally occurring membrane-bound antibody from the surface of nonadherent spleen cells by pronase enhances the in vitro plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes, and this enhancement can be abrogated by preincubation of the enzyme-treated cells in anti-sheep red blood cell antibody. This inhibitory effect is specific in that prior absorption with sheep erythrocytes but not with noncross-reacting red blood cells removes the activity from antibody-containing preparations. Whole IgG molecules are necessary to bind to Fc receptor; F(ab')2 fragments do not inhibit. The functionally significant Fc receptor-bound antibody in this system is found on the T lymphocyte. PMID- 6985933 TI - Radioimmunoassay for the P2 protein of bovine peripheral nerve myelin. AB - The P2 protein of bovine nerve root myelin was radiolabeled with 125I in homogeneous solution by the chloramine-T method and purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 to obtain monomeric 125I-P2. Antigen-antibody complexes were isolated by the silica gel, double antibody, or polyethylene glycol techniques by using rabbit antibody to P2. As little as 1 ng/ml P2 could be detected. The RIA was used to measure the P2 content in nerve tissue and isolated myelin. The presence of P2 in spinal cord as well as in the peripheral nervous system was confirmed. Peptides isolated by CNBr digestion of the P2 protein were tested in the RIA. CN-1, comprising 80 to 90 residues from the interior of the molecule displayed complete immunologic cross-reactivity with intact P2. Neither CN-2, representing 18 amino acids from the COOH terminal, nor CN-3, representing 20 amino acids from the NH2 terminal, showed cross-reactivity. Since the major determinant for experimental allergic neuritis in the rabbit is located in peptide CN-2, our present data suggest that the major neuritogen and the major determinant(s) for humoral antibody response in this species may be at different locations within the P2 molecule. PMID- 6985934 TI - Analysis and enrichment of murine natural killer cells with the fluorescence activated cell sorter. AB - The antiserum anti-NK 1.1 defines an alloantigen specific for natural killer (NK) cells on normal C57BL/6 spleen cells (SC). With complement this antiserum lysed an insignificant percentage of SC, yet could deplete SC suspensions of NK effector cells. The antiserum was also used in this study to indirectly fluorescein label NK cells. The anti-NK 1.1 serum labeled 10 to 15% of nonadherent, nylon column passed SC. The labeled cells were analyzed on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), by using flow fluorometry, and were found to be small to medium-sized cells. SC were sorted on the FACS into labeled (NK-1+) and unlabeled (NK-1-) populations, and assayed for NK activity on YAC-1 cells. When compared with control SC, labeled NK-1+ cells were enriched 4- to 13 fold in lytic activity, whereas unlabeled NK-1- cells had little if any NK effector function. Thirty to 60% of the labeled SC adhered to YAC-1 tumor cells in a visual target binding cell assay. The percentage of lymphocytes in the sorted NK-1+ population that bound YAC-1 cells was over 3-fold greater than in unsorted control SC preparations. NK-1- sorted cells did not bind YAC-1 targets. In a preliminary experiment NK-1+ sorted SC inhibited outgrowth of YAC in A/J mice, whereas NK-1- sorted cells did not. PMID- 6985935 TI - Murine immunogenicity of N-substituted phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives in liposomes: response to the hapten phosphocholine. PMID- 6985936 TI - The role of anti-H-2K and H-2D alloantibodies in enhancement and acute antibody mediated rejection of mouse skin allografts. AB - The enhancing and destructive effects of anti-H-2Kd and anti-H-2Dk antibodies were studied in B6AF1 recipients of B10.D2 or B10.BR skin allografts. The anti-H 2 antibodies were isolated from B6AF1 anti-B10.D2 and B6AF1 anti-B10.BR alloantiserum by adsorption to donor strain red blood cells and subsequent elution. Acute antibody-mediated rejection of B10.D2 or B10.BR skin grafts was readily induced by administration of anti-H-2K or H-2D antibodies, respectively, along with rabbit complement. Treatment of the B6AF1 recipients with the antibody eluates on day 0, 2, and 4 after transplantation resulted in specific and significant prolongation of graft survival. Both graft destruction and enhancement can therefore be mediated by antibodies directed against the same H-2 specificity. PMID- 6985937 TI - Effect of 89Sr on immunity and autoimmunity in NZB/NZW F1 mice. PMID- 6985938 TI - Lymphoid sources of murine migration inhibition factor. PMID- 6985939 TI - Immunoglobulin synthesis by T cells: quantitative and qualitative aspects. PMID- 6985940 TI - Induction of anti-ssDNA antibodies in normal and preautoimmune mice in vivo. AB - Splenic lymphoid cells of normal and preautoimmune mice escape normal regulatory mechanisms in vitro and spontaneously synthesize anti-ssDNA antibody in the absence of any exogenous antigen. In addition, both the cultured cells and their cell-free supernatants were capable of inducing specific anti-ssDNA responses in vivo upon their injection into syngeneic recipients. The response was host derived, required the participation of B and T cells, and was not due to polyclonal activation. The immunogen responsible for this response appeared to be membrane-associated, was found predominantly on cultured T cells, and was sensitive to DNase and proteolysis. PMID- 6985942 TI - A simple procedure to use whole serum as a source of either IgG- or IgM-specific antibody. AB - Absorption of rabbit antiserum to Forssman antigen with immobilized staphylococcal Protein A or concanavalin A selectively removed IgG or IgM antibodies, respectively. This absorption procedure was more rapid than ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose or molecular sieving on Sephadex G-200 and gave a better yield of functionally purer antibody. This absorption method gave antiserum suitable for the preparation of either IgM or IgG sensitized sheep erythrocytes and should be of value for the large-scale preparation of indicator cells required for the study of complement action and for detection of specific receptors on cell surfaces. PMID- 6985941 TI - THY1 antigen and B lymphocyte differentiation in the rat. PMID- 6985943 TI - Monocyte contamination in Ficoll-Hypaque mononuclear cell concentrates. AB - Monocyte contamination in mononuclear concentrates prepared by Ficoll-Hypaque (F H) centrifugation was assessed by the following criteria: (a) morphology (Wright Giemsa stain), (b) function (phagocytosis), and (c) cytochemical staining (non specific esterase both manually and by flow cytophotometry). Studies on F-H preparations from blood samples obtained from 50 randomly selected patients irmined by functional and cytochemical staining. Monocyte counts determined by flow cytophotometric studies of cells stained in suspension for esterase were very similar to those based on phagocytosis and manual cytochemical staining technics. It is concluded that: (1) manual Wright-Giemsa staining alone is not adequate to accurately quantitate monocyte populations in F-H concentrates, and (2) cytochemical staining and flow cytophotometry can be used for rapid and accurate quantitation of monocyte contamination in F-H mononuclear concentrates. PMID- 6985944 TI - The determination of regional and age variations in the rate of desquamation: a comparison of four techniques. AB - The measurement of the rate of desquamation is an important parameter for epidermal cell kinetic considerations. In order to obtain such information, we have compared 2 existing techniques with a new one and with a modification of a little-used technique for determining the rate of cell loss from the stratum corneum. We have also studied regional and age variations in desquamation in normal skin. The results of the studies performed show there was a strong positive correlation between the "chamber" technique (which measures passive desquamation) and the "scrub" technique (measuring forced desquamation). There was similar strong negative correlation for the scrub technique and the dansyl chloride fluorescence method which measures stratum corneum renewal. PMID- 6985945 TI - Ultrastructural identification of T lymphocytes in tissue sections of mycosis fungoides. AB - An immunoelectronomicroscopic method has been employed to demonstrate in situ the T lymphocyte nature of the dermal and epidermal infiltrates to mycosis fungoides. A specific antiserum to the human T lymphocyte surface antigen (HTLA) was used in an indirect reaction with a peroxidase labeled anti-immunoglobulin. After histochemically revealing the peroxidase activity, T cells were easily identified by the deposition of electron dense material on the cytoplasmic membrane. Counterstaining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate enabled us morphologically to observe the maturity of infiltrating T lymphocytes and to identify Sezary cells and other cells such as eosinophils in the infiltrate. Our results confirm the T cell nature of the dermal infiltrate in mycosis fungoides and show that the epidermal infiltrate of cells forming Pautrier micro-abscesses are predominantly T lymphocytes. PMID- 6985946 TI - The epidermal cell which selectively adheres to a collagen substrate is the basal cell. AB - In order to determine whether a specific subpopulation of epidermal cells selectively attaches to collagen substrates in vitro, epidermal cell suspensions, obtained by trypsinization of guinea pig skin, were incubated on type I or type IV collagen-coated glass cover slips. It was noted, morphologically and by electronic volume measurements, that small round cells, as opposed to the larger angulated flat cells, adhered to the collagen substrates. To further characterize the attached cells, the percentage of basal cells was determined in the attached cell population and in the initial epidermal cell suspension. Basal cells were identified by indirect immunofluorescence in 2 ways: (1) by the presence of pemphigoid antigen and (2) by the absence of upper cytoplasmic antigen, which is present in all keratinocytes except the basal cells. Whereas in the initial guinea pig epidermal cell suspensions about 50% of the cells were basal cells using either of these 2 criteria, 86-97% of the cells which adhered to the collagen substrates were basal cells. Human basal cells, as defined by pemphigoid antigen, also selectively adhered to the collagen substrates. PMID- 6985947 TI - Bullous pemphigoid, herpes gestationis and linear dermatitis herpetiformis: circulating anti-basement membrane zone antibodies; in vitro studies. AB - It is well established that suprabasal acantholysis can be produced in tissue culture of normal human skin in the presence of pemphigus IgG autoantibody. In this study, bullous pemphigoid, herpes gestationis and linear dermatitis herpetiformis anti-basement membrane zone antibodies failed to produce dermoepidermal separation in a tissue culture model in spite of the presence of complement. The binding of the antibodies was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy; ultrastructurally, identical binding sites of anti basement membrane zone antibodies could be demonstrated in vitro, as has been observed in vivo previously. Tissue culture is a suitable model for studying the binding sites of circulating anti-basement membrane zone antibodies but the functional activity (blister format;on) of these antibodies cannot be assessed thereby. PMID- 6985948 TI - Surface densities of Langerhans cells in relation to rodent epidermal sites with special immunologic properties. AB - Epidermal Langerhans cells bear surface receptors which implicate them as immunocompetent cells and they are now felt to play an important role both in delayed hypersensitivity and in skin allograft reactions. To determine the relationship between Langerhans cell availability and certain immunologic phenomena, surface densities were determined by ATP-ase and gold uptake in 3 rodent species: guinea pig, hamster, and mouse. Surface densities in epidermal specimens from the ear, back, foot pad, and buccal mucosa varied between 600 and 1500 cells/mm2. Significantly fewer cells were found in the hamster cheek pouch (130 cells/mm2) and in the mouse tail (110 cells/mm2 for C57BL/6J; 260 cells/mm2 for BALB/c nu/nu). Langerhans cells were absent from the central port;on of the cornea in all 3 species. Decreased Langerhans cell surface density may contribute to immunologic privilege as has been observed for the cornea and hamster cheek pouch and to the unusual allograft characteristics of mouse tail skin. PMID- 6985949 TI - Growth of SJL/J-derived transplantable reticulum cell sarcoma as related to its ability to induce T-cell proliferation in the host. I. Dominant negative genetic influences of other parent haplotype in F1 hybrids of SJL/J mice. AB - Growth of three transplantable reticulum cell sarcomas (RCS) was studied in a variety of F1 hybrids of SJL/J mice by determination of lymph node (LN) and spleen: body weights ratios 7 and 14 d after intravenous injection of RCS cells. Comparison of BIO.S x SJL and A.SW x SJL with SJL/J showed a negative effect of both the A and the BIO non-H-2 genes, particularly on growth in LN. F1 hybrid resistance was noted with F1 hybrids that carried H-2Dd and was much more evident with F1 hybrids from BIO- than from A-background mice. This resistance was less marked at 14 than at 7 d and was partially overcome by injection of higher tumor doses. Changing the I region in the F1 parent from H-2d to H-2b or H-2f had no effect on growth, but changing to H-2k or H-2d virtually abolished the ability to support tumor growth. This effect appeared partially as a result of the I-E/C and partially of the I-A(B) region and was not overcome by higher tumor dose or longer intervals after injection. There also appeared to be a negative influence on growth of H-2Kk, but this was difficult to differentiate from the I-Ak effect with the available strains. The known proliferative responsiveness that SJL/J Lyt 1 T cells exhibit to Ia determinants on gamma-irradiated RCS cells in vitro was also compared with that of cells from various F1 hybrids. Responsiveness of F1 LN cells was expressed as a percentage of the response in SJL/J LN cells to the same RCS cells, measured as [3H]thymidine incorporation. There was a striking degree of correlation between proliferative responsiveness of F1 LN cells to RCS and the ability of the F1 mice to support tumor growth. This correlation was especially clear with respect to the negative influences of non-H-2 genes, and of H-2 loci in the I region, particularly of I-Ak or -d and of I-E/Ck or -d, but there also appeared to be a (smaller) negative effect of I-Ab or -f. Negative influence of H 2Dd on growth, however, was not reflected in a similarly large effect on the proliferative response. Additional findings showed that LN cells from all F1 hybrids exhibited equivalent syngeneic mixed lymphocyte responses in the presence of polyethylene glycol to mitomycin-treated spleen cells from both the SJL/J and the other parent. The extra high response of F1 cells to RCS cells, as compared with SJL spleen cells, however, was always absent when Ik or -d was contributed by one of the F1 parents. The results suggest a promoting effect of the proliferative response on RCS growth in vivo and, furthermore, an interesting effect of I-A and I-E/C genes, possibly via an interaction product, on the ability of LN cells to be stimulated by Ia determinants on RCS cells. PMID- 6985950 TI - Low molecular weight iron-binding factor from mammalian tissue that potentiates bacterial growth. AB - A low molecular weight, iron-binding factor was isolated from horse liver. This host-associated iron transfer factor (HAITF) is capable of binding iron and stimulating bacterial growth by promoting iron uptake into bacteria. Also, when injected into infected animals, HAITF increases the virulence of bacterial infections. HAITF bioactivity is ubiquitous in animal tissues and present in serum. It is proposed that HAITF is a factor that inadvertently plays a role in the host-parasite competition for iron. PMID- 6985951 TI - Why medicaid has spawned "second class" medicine. PMID- 6985952 TI - False left-ventricular aneurysm: diagnosis by noninvasive means. PMID- 6985953 TI - Serratia infection in a patient with bilateral subcondylar impacted third molars and associated dentigerous cysts: report of case. AB - A case of bilateral subcondylar impacted mandibular third molars is presented. Both impactions had associated dentigerous cyst, one of which was severely infected with Serratia marcescens and had a draining sinus tract. The patient also had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and iron deficiency anemia, which altered her response to surgical treatment. This case illustrates the necessity for early identification of infective organisms and determining their antibiotic sensitivity, as well as the need for prophylactic removal of impacted teeth to prevent complications such as those presented. PMID- 6985955 TI - US House may take action on bills regarding Medicare services, PSRO'S. PMID- 6985954 TI - Dr. Slaughter, past AAOMS president, honored with Arnold Maislen Award. PMID- 6985956 TI - Medicare patients to get written notice of noncovered services. PMID- 6985957 TI - Antibody decline in children following A/New Jersey/76 influenza virus immunization. PMID- 6985959 TI - Bactericidal activity of PMNs of neonates. PMID- 6985958 TI - Exhaustion of mature marrow neutrophils in neonates with sepsis. PMID- 6985960 TI - Release of a prostacyclin-like substance into the circulation of dogs by intravenous adenosine 5'-diphosphate. PMID- 6985961 TI - Reliability of the fovea palatini for determining the posterior border of the maxillary denture. AB - A study was carried out to measure the distance between the fovea palatini and the vibrating line. 1. The nose-blowing method appears to be an accurate method for locating the fovea palatini and the vibrating line. 2. Seventy percent of the subjects observed in this study had two fovea palatini. 3. When present, the fovea palatini of 25% of the subjects lay directly on the vibrating line. 4. In 7% of the subjects the fovea palatini were located within 1 to 2 mm posterior to the vibrating line, in 18.8% within 2 to 3 mm posterior to the vibrating line, in 27.1% within 3 to 4 mm posterior to the vibrating line, in 16% within 4 to 5 mm posterior to the vibrating line, in 4.9% within 5 to 6 mm posterior to the vibrating line, and in 1.4% more than 6 mm posterior to the vibrating line. 5. The fovea palatini are unreliable guides for locating the center portion of the posterior border of the maxillary denture. PMID- 6985962 TI - Reactions to acrylic resin dental prostheses. AB - A review of the pertinent literature concerning acrylic resin and its relation to allergic reactions and chemical injury has been presented. The relation of acrylic resin prostheses and materials to oral reactions and lesions is discussed and possible causes and means of evaluation are proposed. Examples of mucosal infection and mucosal disease are presented (which may mimic acrylic resin allergy) along with examples of direct chemical injury of the oral mucosa as a result of autopolymerizing prosthetic techniques. PMID- 6985963 TI - Denture self-repair: experimental soft tissue response to selected commercial adhesives. PMID- 6985964 TI - Distortion related to margin design in porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. PMID- 6985965 TI - Fit of unit-cast fixed partial dentures related to casting ring size and shape. AB - Four types of casting rings were tested for producing accurate-fitting fixed partial dentures. None of the casting rings tested produced ideal results, but the larger oval and round rings produced fixed partial dentures cast as a single unit with more complete seating than those produced in smaller round casting rings when phosphate bonded investment and Type III gold were used. Fixed partial denture seating was affected by the casting ring size but not because of its shape. While distortion of the wax and dimensional change in the gold alloy do affect the seating qualities of castings, this was not statistically significant in this study. PMID- 6985966 TI - Cementation of cast complete crown retainers. PMID- 6985967 TI - Prosthodontic and speech rehabilitation after partial and complete glossectomy. AB - A multidisciplinary approach to the rehabilitation of four glossectomy patients has been presented. Points emphasized were the anatomic defects, their effect on the three oral functions of mastication, deglutition, and speech, and the various prosthetic modifications found most effective to restore the impaired oral functions. PMID- 6985968 TI - Retention of obturator-removable partial dentures: a comparison of buccal and lingual retention. AB - An in vitro study was performed to measure the influence of a simulated obturator on the amount of force required to dislodge a simulated unilateral removable partial denture with various clasp designs. The presence of an obturator reduces the retentive capability of a removable partial denture. Lingual retention appeared to provide more resistance to displacement than buccal retention. Infrabulge clasp designs appeared to be more retentive than suprabulge clasp designs. PMID- 6985969 TI - Fitting cast gold restorations with the aid of disclosing wax. AB - A technique has been presented for fitting a gold restoration to a tooth prior to occlusal adjustment. The advantages of completely seating the restoration include improved retention, closed margins, and minimal occlusal adjustment. PMID- 6985970 TI - Button obturator for a soft palate defect. PMID- 6985973 TI - Reconstruction of the burned nose. AB - Nasal reconstruction is one of the most important elements in rehabilitation of the patient suffering from the devastating deformities of full-thickness facial burns. When possible we use a single pedicle for complete nasal reconstruction. The forehead furnishes the best donor area. More distant donor sites are used if the forehead is not available. In lesser deformities, resurfacing with composite grafts or full-thickness skin grafts gives satisfactory results. PMID- 6985972 TI - Perspectives in management of trauma to the spleen: 1979 presidential address, American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. PMID- 6985975 TI - Delayed fixation alters the pattern of intramembrane particles in mammalian muscle fibers. PMID- 6985971 TI - Inhibitors of serine-esterases enhance lymphokine-induced microbicidal activity in macrophages. PMID- 6985974 TI - Scalp and skull reconstruction after electrical burn. AB - A case of electrical injury in a 21-year-old woman with loss of scalp and skull is presented. The recommended method of reconstruction is transposition of the omentum with vascular anastomosis and skin grafts to cover the omentum. The patient was operated on 15 months postinjury because of painful ulcerations in a previous skin graft, and an uneventful recovery followed. She began wearing a wig 8 weeks after reconstruction. PMID- 6985976 TI - Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the antibody-coated bacteria test in children. PMID- 6985977 TI - Comparison of intracellular flushing and cold storage to machine perfusion for human kidney preservation. AB - Transplant teams have been reluctant to accept kidneys preserved with intracellular electrolyte flushing followed by simple cold storage, especially when retrieved by non-transplant surgeons or when preservation time exceeds 24 hours. This study from 1 center is a comparison of 40 primary cadaver kidney grafts preserved with Collins' C2 flushing followed by simple cold storage to 37 primary cadaver kidney grafts preserved with cryoprecipitated plasma on the MOX 100 machine. Cold storage time was 10 to 44.5 hours in the C2 group and 3.5 to 39 hours in the machine-perfused group, with a mean of 23 hours in each group. There was no significant difference between the 2 preservation methods no matter who removed the kidney with respect to 1) the incidence of acute tubular necrosis, 2) the 1-month serum creatinine nadir of surviving grafts and 3) the actuarial graft survivals up to 2 years. Among the 40 C2-preserved kidneys 17 were retrieved by community surgeons and 23 were retrieved by transplant surgeons. Human kidneys removed from beating-heart cadaver donors can be preserved satisfactorily with either Collins' 2 flushing followed by simple cold storage or pulsatile machine perfusion, even when preservation times exceed 24 hours. PMID- 6985978 TI - The cell surface antigens of bladder washing specimens in patients with bladder tumors, a new approach. AB - The blood group antigens A, B and O(H) are present on the cell surface of many tissues, including the urothelium. It has been shown that loss of these antigens from the surface of tumor cells correlated with subsequent development of invasion. Since the specific red cell adherence test demonstrates the presence or absence of these antigens the test may have an important prognostic and screening value. We have examined bladder washing specimens from patients with bladder tumors and normal controls for this phenomenon. The results in patients with bladder tumors were then compared to original biopsy specimens for the presence or absence of cell surface antigens. The study indicates that our technique presents a simple, reliable test that may be significant in screening as well as followup of patients with bladder cancer. PMID- 6985980 TI - Percutaneous aspiration in the treatment of renal abscess. AB - The conventional treatment of a renal abscess has been surgical exploration, drainage and marsupialization of the cavity. There have been isolated reports in the literature regarding the successful use of systemic antibiotics alone in the management of patients with renal abscesses. We report a case in which percutaneous aspiration of a renal abscess led to successful non-operative management. In addition, 4 previously reported cases of renal abscesses treated with this modality are analyzed. PMID- 6985979 TI - Immunologic indicators of prognosis in bladder cancer: the importance of cell surface antigens. AB - The loss of isoantigens on the surface of cells has been correlated with invasion in 89 patients with bladder cancer: 73 underwent cystectomy and 16 had stage A tumor and were followed. Tumors from these 89 patients were re-examined for the presence or absence of A, B and O (erythrocytic) isoantigens on the surface of neoplastic cells by the red cell adherence test. In 97% of the cystectomy patients with transitional carcinoma lacking superficial cellular antigens (red cell negative tumors) there was documented evidence of invasion and 71% of the patients with stage A, red cell negative tumors eventually had invasion. This high degree of correlation between the loss of cellular antigens and the presence of invasion lends credence to the usefulness of the specific red cell adherence test as an important adjunct in the decision for appropriate therapy of cancer of the bladder. PMID- 6985981 TI - JAMA Reference Directories. PMID- 6985982 TI - Shigellosis from cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 6985983 TI - The 'grand conspiracy' against the cancer cure. PMID- 6985985 TI - Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin. PMID- 6985984 TI - Theodor Brugsch. PMID- 6985986 TI - Franz Ingelfinger, MD: a redoubtable character. PMID- 6985987 TI - Valproic acid in epilepsy. PMID- 6985988 TI - A sudden decline in ampicillin resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Starting in 1975, an abrupt decline in ampicillin resistance of Salmonella typhimurium (the most common and antibiotic-resistant serotype) occurred in New York City. The present lower rate of 5% to 7.9% at our hospitals represents a return to the 1965 level. At the same time, the ampicillin resistance in S typhimurium from calves and other farm animals from upper New York State, which has been rising since 1972, has reached 75%. Substantial differences between levels of resistance in Escherichia coli from animals and humans were also noted. The divergence of the trends in S typhimurium from these two sources in New York State suggests a substantial degree of separation of the respective reservoirs of Salmonella and of antibiotic resistance. PMID- 6985989 TI - The Achilles heel of the University Group Diabetes Program. AB - The controversial conclusions of University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) investigators are refuted by new findings uncovered by analyses of patient data obtained from the UGDP Coordinating Center and by critical review of data previously published by UGDP investigators and the Biometric Committee. These new findings (1) document a notable discrepancy in the sex ratio of cardiovascular (CV) death rates in placebo-treated subjects, (2) show that all excess CV mortality in tolbutamide-treated subjects was restricted to a relatively small group of poorly controlled diabetics, and (3) provide evidence that insulin was efficacious in reducing CV deaths. The anomalous sex ratio of CV deaths in UGDP placebo-treated subjects dictates the conclusion that the CV death rate in placebo-treated subjects was spuriously low, giving the false impression of increased death rates in the other treatment groups, thereby accounting for all of the controversial observations reported by UGDP investigators. For this reason UGDP conclusions based on comparison with placebo-treated subjects should not be extrapolated to the general diabetic population. PMID- 6985990 TI - Clinical trial of laetrile may soon get under way. PMID- 6985991 TI - HLA-A28 and steroid-induced diabetes in renal transplant patients. AB - Between July 1971 and March 1977, steroid-induced diabetes (SD) developed postoperatively in 31 (10.8%) of 286 nondiabetic adult kidney transplant recipients who were observed for a total of 410 patient transplant years. There was a highly significant association between HLA-A28 and SD. There was no significant association between SD and BB or Bw 15. Age was also associated with SD. However, A28 was associated with SD even when corrected for age. A28 occurred more frequently in blacks than whites, 25.4% and 6.3%, respectively, and accounted for the higher incidence of SD in black adults. There were no significant associations between SD and patients' sex, donor source, number of short-term rejection treatments, or maintenance dose of corticosteroids. Steroid induced diabetes had no adverse effects on graft or patient survival. PMID- 6985992 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with cancer. PMID- 6985993 TI - Hepatitis in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 6985994 TI - Twelve- or 24-hour oxygen therapy: why a clinical trial? PMID- 6985995 TI - JAMA Reference Directories. PMID- 6985996 TI - Growth hormone. PMID- 6985998 TI - A randomized, controlled trial of aspirin in persons recovered from myocardial infarction. AB - The Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study (AMIS) was a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute-sponsored, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and placebo controlled trial designed to test whether the regular administration of aspirin to men and women who had experienced at least one documented myocardial infarction (MI) would result in a significant reduction in total mortality over a three-year period. Cause-specific mortality, nonfatal events, and side effects were also evaluated. Over a 13-month period, 4,524 persons between the ages of 30 and 69 years were randomized to either 1 g of aspirin per day (2,267 persons) or placebo (2,257 persons). High levels of patient compliance to study protocol were indicated by various measures. Total mortality during the entire follow-up period was 10.8% in the aspirin group and 9.7% in the placebo group. Three-year total mortality was 9.6% in the aspirin group and 8.8% in the placebo group. The percentage of definite nonfatal MI was 8.1% in the placebo group and 6.3% in the aspirin group. Coronary incidence (coronary heart disease mortality or definite nonfatal MI) was 14.1% in the aspirin group and 14.8% in the placebo group. Symptoms suggestive of peptic ulcer, gastritis, or erosion of gastric mucosa occurred in 23.7% of the aspirin group and 14.9% in the placebo group. Based on AMIS results, aspirin is not recommended for routine use in patients who have survived an MI. PMID- 6985997 TI - William Crawford Gorgas and the American Medical Association. PMID- 6985999 TI - Typhlitis. A treatable cause of recurrent septicemia. PMID- 6986001 TI - Role of the spleen in spontaneous reticulum cell sarcoma of (C57BL/Cne x C3H/Cne)F1 mice. AB - (C57BL/Cne x C3H/Cne)F1 mice were splenectomized at 3, 9, or 19 months of age (males) or at 4 months of age (females) and observed until spontaneous death. Their mean lifespans were only slightly increased by splenectomy, but the final incidence of and age-specific death rate from reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) were significantly decreased; the latter effect was associated with prolonged latency times of neoplastic expression. Splenectomized females had a more pronounced decrease in incidence of and rate of death from RCS than did males. Lethally irradiated male mice were inoculated with isogeneic spleen cells from young (3 mo of age) or old (12-18 mo of age) untreated male donors, and the animals surviving acute radiation effects were also observed until spontaneous death. In spite of the fact that the mean life-spans of the spleen-repopulated animals were slightly shortened, age-specific death rate analysis showed that the rate of RCS incidence approached that of untreated controls of comparable ages. The combined results of splenectomy and spleen cell transplantation strongly indicated that some cells in the spleens of these mice have a high probability of being transformed into potentially neoplastic progenitor cells with long latency between cell transformation and overt tumor growth. PMID- 6986003 TI - Immunoelectron microscopy of the glomerular mesangial uptake and transport of aggregated human albumin in the mouse. AB - The uptake and disposal of injected aggregated human albumin (AHA) by the glomerular mesangium of normal mice was evaluated by immunoelectron microscopy. The injected AHA rapidly entered the mesangial matrix channels via endothelial fenestra at the axial pole of the lobules and reached maximal concentrations at 8 hours after injection. Small quantities of AHA were endocytosed by mesangial cells. Significant filtration of the polydispersed AHA, which included molecular albumin, was observed across both the peripheral glomerular basement membrane and the mesangial glomerular basement membrane. The injected AHA was observed in the juxtaglomerular region, between lacis cells, and in the wall of arterioles at early time periods after injection. A heavy fraction of AHA (molecular weight, greater than 1 million) was also readily taken up by the region and was found in the interstitial space in the vicinity of glomeruli at 2 1/2 hours after injection. This study demonstrates a method for sequential study of the distribution in the kidney of protein macromolecules of great biologic significance. The study confirms the existence of an efferent limb of mesangial drainage to the region of the juxtaglomerular region and the renal interstitium. The fact that very large aggregates readily transited this pathway and were found in the interstitial space offers additional support for the hypothesis that the renal lymphatics may participate in the clearance of macromolecules from the glomerular mesangium. PMID- 6986000 TI - Progress in medical information management. Systematized nomenclature of medicine (SNOMED). PMID- 6986004 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of keratin in normal human tissues. AB - Immunohistochemical identification of intracellular keratin was achieved using an indirect antibody technique on paraffin-embedded human tissue. A study of numerous tissues confirms that keratins are abundant in all layers of squamous epithelia, in the ducts of epithelial-derived glands, and in the epithelia of the respiratory and urinary tracts. Using an immunoperoxidase technique which offers increased histologic resolution, we have shown that the basal or reserve cells of the tracheal, bronchial, prostatic, and cervical gland epithelia are the predominant keratin-containing cells in these tissues. The normal differentiation of basal cells into nondividing, superficial columnar cells is accompanied by the loss of cytoplasmic keratin proteins. Foci of epithelial squamous metaplasia stain intensely with antikeratin antibodies and presumably represent an exaggerated proliferation of the keratin-containing basal cells. Alveolar respiratory epithelium, acinar cells of various glands, and many mesodermal tissues (muscle, hematopoietic, and lymphoid tissue, nerve, and connective tissue) were devoid of keratin proteins. The ability to identify keratin proteins within fixed, embedded tissue (including those known to lack tonofilament bundles) may prove useful in the study of tissue histogenesis and carcinogenesis, and in the pathologic assessment of poorly differentiated malignant neoplasms and tumors of controversial cellular origin. PMID- 6986002 TI - Histologic typing of liver tumors of the rat. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. PMID- 6986005 TI - Innominate artery-coronary artery bypass graft in a patient with calcific aortitis. AB - Calcification of the ascending thoracic aorta may make aortic cross-clamping dangerous and aorta-coronary artery bypass grafting impossible. A patient with a severely calcified ascending aorta owing to syphilitic aortitis presented such a problem. Sequential saphenous vein grafting was done to three coronary arteries, the proximal anastomosis being made to the noncalcified innominate artery. This technique may offer a practical solution to this problem. PMID- 6986006 TI - Series on pharmacology in practice. 5. Thyroid hormones. AB - Thyroid hromones are among the most commonly prescribed medications. This article attempts a critical comparison of available preparations in the light of more recent information regarding thyroid physiology and, in particular, peripheral thyroid hormone economy. Indications and complications of therapy are reviewed. Present knowledge of thyroid physiology indicates that the use of L-thyroxine has advantages over other preparations in the treatment of hypothyroidism. PMID- 6986007 TI - A double-blind comparison of oxatomide (R 35 443) and diphenhydramine in the treatment of hay fever. AB - Ninety-one hay fever patients received either 0.5 mg/kg oxatomide b.i.d. or 0.4 mg/kg diphenhydramine b.i.d. in a two-month double-blind study. If necessary this dose could be doubled. The results showed that fewer oxatomide patients needed to double this starting dose and to use a nasal spray. Oxatomide proved to be more effective than diphenhydramine in limiting the severity of the hay fever attacks, as evidenced by the findings that oxatomide patients had fewer complaint-days, and that more of these patients were rated by the investigators to have excellent or good results. Apart from daytime fatigue, transient in several patients, no oxatomide-induced side-effects were found. PMID- 6986009 TI - Splenic abscess. AB - Fourteen cases of splenic abscess are reported and 159 cases previously cited in the literature are reviewed. The incidence, predisposing factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, bacteriology and radiologic findings are discussed. Infective endocarditis was the most common single antecedent infection. Hemoglobinopathies, non-penetrating abdominal trauma, and gastrointestinal malignancy appear to predispose the spleen to abscess formation. Emphasis is placed on clinical features and radiologic findings to aid practitioners in diagnosing this uncommon but often fatal infection. Also emphasized is the necessity for prompt surgical intervention when splenic abscess is suspected. An approach to the antimicrobial therapy in different clinical settings is outlined. PMID- 6986008 TI - Idiopathic hemochromatosis, an interim report. AB - Experience over the last 20 years with 34 patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis is summarized and the literature is reviewed. Methods are now available which are highly effective in the diagnosis of iron overload and virtually all diagnoses are made antemortem. The nature of the disease has changed through the removal of iron by phlebotomy. Early deaths are limited to patients with severe and rapidly progressive heart disease and to those presenting with neoplasm. The major mortality has shifted to a much later period and the incidence of hepatoma is increasing. There is particular interest at the present time in family studies since excessive iron stores are frequently found within the family. The significance of intermediate degrees of iron overload is unclear, but future attention should be given to the recognition of iron overload long before clinical manifestations appear. PMID- 6986010 TI - Familial Mediterranean fever: report of a large family, review of the literature, and discussion of the frequency of amyloidosis. AB - Familial Mediterranean Fever is a rare disease which usually begins in childhood and occurs primarily among persons of Mediterranean ancestry. It is characterized by short, self-limited, febrile episodes that may occur alone or with inflammation of serosal surfaces. Some individuals may exhibit an erysipilas-like erythema, almost always on the lower extremities. These attacks are associated with considerable morbidity and may lead to unnecessary surgery, but this disease does not appear to be associated with an increased mortality, except in those individuals who develop amyloid nephropathy. For those patients death usually occurs below the age of 40 years although longer survival has been reported. This complication occurs frequently in Turks and Sephardic Jews, but only rarely in individuals of other ethnic origins. A rare patient may develop destructive changes in a joint that has been subjected to a protracted attack. Recent data indicate that either daily or intermittent colchicine will effectively reduce the severity and frequency of attacks; in some individuals these regimens have induced a complete remission. Preliminary data suggest that colchicine may also reduce the degree of nephropathy associated with amyloidosis. Diagnosis of this disease depends, in the absence of any objective markers, on the recognition of the symptoms in a susceptible individual. Despite the name of the disease, it may occur without a family history and in non-Mediterranean individuals. Most of the attacks, however, are associated with a rise in temperature although the fever spike may be more transient than the associated symptoms. Any individual with suggestive symptoms who is significantly disabled by the attacks should have a therapeutic trial of colchicine. PMID- 6986011 TI - On the relation of glucose and insulin secretion in the fasting state. AB - In the isolated perfused rat pancreas the relationship between glucose concentration and insulin release was altered by fasting for 1-3 days. The maximum effect decreased progressively, while there was no change in the glucose concentration, yielding half of maximum response. Prolonged perfusion of the pancreas from fasting rats with glucose (20 mM) failed to restore the reduced secretion. The insulin content of the pancreas gland decreased after the second day of starvation. Blood glucose, however, was unchanged for 4 days after an initial fall. It is concluded that the capacity of the secretory mechanism, rather than its sensitivity to glucose, is reduced by starvation. PMID- 6986012 TI - Inhibition of glucagon and insulin secretion from the perfused rat pancreas by a B-cell-selective somatostatin analog. AB - The isolated perfused rat pancreas was used to study the effects of somatostatin and the analog des-Asn5-[D-Trps, D-Ser13]-somatostatin on arginine-stimulated insulin and glucagon secretion. Even though the analog was found to inhibit glucagon secretion at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng/ml, it had a relatively more inhibitory effect on the B cell than on the A cell than did somatostatin itself. These data suggest that the A- and B-cell receptors for these two peptides differ. PMID- 6986014 TI - Data, evolution and entropy. PMID- 6986013 TI - Immunologic aspects of Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases. PMID- 6986015 TI - Determining the most valuable clinical variables: a stepwise multiple logistic regression program. PMID- 6986017 TI - The increase in the cesarean birth rate. PMID- 6986016 TI - The biology of pulp and dentine. A historic, terminologic-taxonomic, histologic biochemical, embryonic and clinical survey. PMID- 6986018 TI - Effects of anesthetics on various organs. PMID- 6986019 TI - James M. Faulkner, M.D. PMID- 6986022 TI - Sounding Boards. The clinician's responsibility for helping to improve the treatment of tomorrow's patients. PMID- 6986021 TI - Sounding boards. The LeVeen shunt for ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. PMID- 6986020 TI - Possible prolongation of remission in acute myeloid leukemia by granulocyte transfusions. PMID- 6986023 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6986024 TI - Chemotherapy of plasma-cell myeloma. PMID- 6986025 TI - Marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6986026 TI - Marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6986027 TI - Antacid versus cimetidine in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding. A randomized trial in 75 critically ill patients. AB - Over a 15-month period, 75 critically ill patients at risk of acute gastrointestinal bleeding were randomized into two groups: one group (38 patients) received the H2-blocker cimetidine intravenously at an initial dosage of 300 mg every six hours, and the other group (37 patients) received antacid (Mylanta II) through a nasogastric tube at an intial dosage of 30 ml every hour. Gastric pH was measured hourly and titrated above 3.5. Upper-gastrointestinal tract bleeding occurred in seven of 38 cimetidine-treated patients but in none of 37 antacid-treated patients (P less than 0.01). When antacid titration was added to the cimetidine regimen in four of seven patients with bleeding, all four stopped bleeding. Renal failure, sepsis, peritonitis, hypotension, respiratory failure, jaundice, multiple trauma, and major operative procedures were associated with an increased incidence of bleeding. Cimetidine does not adequately protect seriously ill patients from acute upper-gastrointestinal-tract bleeding. Antacid is better for this purpose. PMID- 6986028 TI - Somatomedins (second of two parts). PMID- 6986029 TI - Current concepts. Headache. PMID- 6986030 TI - Case 33-1979: Intestinal perforation with retroperitoneal abscess extending to hip. PMID- 6986031 TI - Presenile dementia--Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and slow virus. PMID- 6986032 TI - Presenile dementia--Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and slow virus. PMID- 6986033 TI - Peripheral-arterial surgery. PMID- 6986034 TI - Engineered E. coli produce interferon. PMID- 6986036 TI - Hyperlipoproteinemia in renal insufficiency. AB - In uremic patients, hyperlipoproteinemia is common, but its role as a risk factor in atherogenesis remains controversial. The main abnormality appears to be diminished catabolism of lipoproteins in the face of unchanged or low hepatic synthesis. The relation of diminished catabolism to reduced postheparinlipolytic activity and selective deficiency of hepatic triglyceride lipase remains to be established. Hyperlipoproteinemia in uremic patients, most commonly of the type IV variety, responds to dietary methods (reduction of carbohydrate content, increase in P/S ratio) or pharmacological intervention. Guidelines for therapy remain controversial in view of the uncertainty about the pathogenic role of hyperlipoproteinemia in atherogenesis. PMID- 6986035 TI - Lateral mobility in reconstituted membranes--comparisons with diffusion in polymers. AB - The diffusion coefficients (D) of lipopolysaccharide, phospholipid, and Escherichia coli matrix protein were determined in reconstituted multibilayer membranes. Over a range of protein concentration of 0--60% by weight, D for lipopolysaccharide decreased 10-fold, whereas D for phospholipid remained essentially constant. The diffusion coefficient of matrix protein at a concentration of 50% was less than or equal to 10(-12) cm2 s-1. These results are discussed in terms of a model for diffusion in polymeric networks. PMID- 6986037 TI - Diagnostic value of urinary fibrin degradation products. AB - The concentrations of fibrin degradation products (FDP) in the urine were determined by the passive hemagglutination test in 115 patients with biopsy proven chronic proliferating glomerulonephritis (GN), 93 patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) and 23 patients who received kidney transplants. The active GN values (12.3 micrograms/ml) are significantly higher than those for latent GN (0.3 micrograms/ml). Those for acute UTI (9.2 micrograms/ml) are significantly higher than for chronic UTI (1.3 micrograms/ml). In contrast to the reports published by others, the numerous 'false-positive' and 'false-negative' values make diagnosis of the activity questionable. Prognostic value can be expected in GN with the nephrotic syndrome (NS): patients with steroid-sensitive NS excrete FDP and patients with steroid-resistant NS excrete larger quantities of FDP. We have confirmed that a rise in the urinary FDP level in transplantation is indicative of rejection. However, since 10 of 27 rejections were FDP-negative, the absence of FDP in the urine does not preclude rejection. PMID- 6986038 TI - Deranged fat metabolism and the lowering effect of carbohydrate-poor diet on serum triglycerides in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6986039 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum of the perineum. AB - A case of pyoderma gangrenosum of the perineum is presented. The patient's surgical treatment, hospital course, and 10-year follow-up are described. Unusual problems in grafting, perineal support, and patient emotional response are discussed. PMID- 6986042 TI - Disease and ability: the gifted and the damned. PMID- 6986043 TI - Nursing past, present and future: keeping pace with the times. PMID- 6986041 TI - Hydramnios with hydrops fetalis and disseminated fetal neuroblastoma. AB - A white primigravida with acute toxemia and hydramnios delivered a hydropic male infant who died. A neuroblastoma of the right adrenal gland was found with metastic spread to the liver and other organs. The placental capillaries contained tumor cells. Pathogenesis of hydrops, hydramnios, and maternal toxemia and the consequence of tumor cells in the placenta are discussed. PMID- 6986040 TI - Effect of ritodrine on labor after premature rupture of the membranes. AB - The effect on labor of administering ritodrine after a premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) was studied in a double-blind trial in 30 patients. The patients were selected according to the following criteria: 28 to 36 weeks' gestation, only 1 fetus, cervix dilated 4 cm or less, and absence of pyrexia or other signs of uterine infection. Fourteen patients received ritodrine and 16 received a placebo. The 2 groups were statistically comparable. None of the patients receiving ritodrine delivered within 24 hours. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant with respect to the number of patients delivered within 24 hours (P less than 0.05). However, after 24 hours, there was no difference between the groups as regards the length of pregnancy. The infections registered in the mothers of infants were few and easily controlled. The incidence of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) was low in the study and allows no conclusions concerning the benefit of prolonging the pregnancy for more than 24 hours after PROM. PMID- 6986044 TI - Malaria chemoprophylaxis. AB - Travelers to areas where malaria is endemic must be apprised of the risks they will face and the methods they should employ to prevent infection. Patients should be screened for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and a chemoprophylactic drug should be prescribed. Chloroquine should be given to tourists traveling to areas where chloroquine resistance has not been reported. For travelers to chloroquine-resistant areas, sulfadoxine with pyrimethaime or some other synergistic drug combination should be prescribed. PMID- 6986045 TI - Local immunity and local immune responses. PMID- 6986046 TI - Solubilization of antigen-antibody complexes: a new function of complement as a regulator of immune reactions. PMID- 6986049 TI - An adherence tensiometer for evaluation of burn dressings. AB - The measurement of adherence is a function of pulling force and velocity. The machine described measures and records adherence accurately and precisely. In both engineering and clinical laboratory tests, it has shown the ability to be used as standard equipment for quantitatively evaluating dressings and grafts. It is adapted for both laboratory and patient studies. PMID- 6986047 TI - The immunobiology of nephritis. PMID- 6986048 TI - Interaction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells. PMID- 6986050 TI - Skin-grafted juvenile amputation stumps. Are they durable? PMID- 6986051 TI - Survival of Escherichia coli strains differing in DNA repair capability after irradiation by fission-spectrum neutrons. PMID- 6986052 TI - The effect of irradiated feeder cells on the X-ray survival curve shape of freshly explanted human tumor cells and a standard human tumor cell line. PMID- 6986053 TI - Variable radiobiological responses of spheroids. PMID- 6986054 TI - Computerized measurement and analysis of scoliosis: a more accurate representation of the shape of the curve. AB - A computer program was created to identify and accept spatial data regarding the location of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies on scoliosis films. With this information, the spine can be mathematically reconstructed and a scoliotic angle calculated. There was a 0.968 positive correlation between the computer and manual methods of measuring scoliosis. The computer method was more reproducible with a standard deviation of only 1.3 degrees. Computerized measurement of scoliosis also provides better evaluation of the true shape of the curve. PMID- 6986055 TI - Diffuse skeletal involvement of streptococcal osteomyelitis in a neonate. AB - A case is presented of a 19-day-old boy who had diffuse skeletal changes of osteomyelitis which were secondary to Group B hemolytic streptococci. The association of multiple osseous lesions with minimal symptomatology is discussed. PMID- 6986056 TI - Hillier L. Baker, Jr., M.D. President, Radiological Society of North America. PMID- 6986057 TI - Earl I. L. Cilley, M.D. 1902--1978. PMID- 6986058 TI - Wallace W. McWhirter, M.D. 1919--1979. PMID- 6986059 TI - Infective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria: a review of the literature, 1945-1977. PMID- 6986060 TI - New perspectives in the pharmacologic therapy of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 6986061 TI - Complementation analysis and characterization of the nitrogen fixation genes, nifH, nifC and nifJ in Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Complementation tests were performed with various nif mutations for delineating the nif genes. The nif-/nif- heterogenotes were constructed by transferring nif plasmid mutant PRD-nif- from E. coli Jc5466 to various Klebsiella pneumoniae nif- recipients. In addition to those nif genes previously reported elsewhere, a new essential gene for nitrogen fixation, nifC was identified. According to the P1 transduction and three factor reciprocal crosses, nifC was tentatively mapped between nifH and nifJ in the chromsome. The order of nif genes obtained was hisD, nifQ, nifB, nifA, nifL, nifF nifM, nifV, nifS, nifU, nifN, nifE, nifK, nifD, nifH, nifC and nifJ. The examination of the biochemical phenotypes of the nif genes suggests that nifC may be concerned with the synthesis or activation of the iron molybdenum cofactor nitrogenase, nifH, besides coding for the structure of nitrogen reductase may also exert a function on the synthesis of nitrogenase, and nifJ presumably is required to turn on the expression of nifK (D), nifH or nifF. PMID- 6986062 TI - Hypothyroidism and reproductive failure. AB - In reviewing the clinical literature reporting pregnancy in women with hypothyroidism since 1897, a distinction has been made between those treated to some degree by thyroid extracts or hormones, and those untreated. Abortions and stillbirths are more frequent in those untreated. Normal offspring are more common in mothers who were treated. Congenital anomalies occur approximately equally in offspring of both treated and untreated women but at a rate of more than 19 per cent of all live births. These findings are relevant particularly to those at risk in areas of endemic iodine deficiency. PMID- 6986063 TI - Current status of jejunoileal bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity. PMID- 6986064 TI - [Animals, data and diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The development of the 'chip' tends to make data-processing apparatus increasingly smaller, reliable and cheaper. The question is in which fields they will be of practical use to the veterinarian. In the present paper, a brief technical introduction is followed by a description of the functional potentialities and limitations of computers. The use for administrative purposes and recording as well as for interaction in processes of decision is discussed and illustrated by examples. The principles which are of importance in Information Retrieval and diagnosis are discussed. Finally, a data-processing system designed for veterinary practitioners is described in broad outline. PMID- 6986066 TI - [In memoriam Dr. J. Winsser]. PMID- 6986065 TI - [Veterinarians and computers (author's transl)]. AB - Because of the fact that the use of computers depends both on the user and on the apparatus, some characteristics of veterinarians and computers are discussed. Although veterinarians probably are not pre-eminently computer-minded in view of their choice of profession and training, they will be increasingly confronted with disciplines tending to employ data-processing systems as an item of training and field of interest. The extent to which computers can be used, will depend on their accessibility, reliability in operation, accuracy, flexibility and cost price. A discussion of these features shows that the fear of computers usually is greater than that warranted by the technology currently available. Their use commences at the point at which large numbers of data have to be processed and automation offers advantages from the point of view of economy or organization (systems of administration and payment). Moreover, data which has already been available for a certain period, is rendered accessible for the first time by automatic processing (meat inspection). Finally, a demand will be created by the supply of data. A number of uses in the various veterinary disciplines are discussed. Part of a computer teaching programme of a faculty of veterinary medicine is described as a practical instance. PMID- 6986067 TI - Treatment of urinary infections with cefadroxil: controlled comparison of high compliance oral dosage regimens. AB - The efficacy and tolerability of cefadroxil were assessed in a controlled comparison of high-compliance oral dosage regimens among 100 patients with urinary tract infections. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of three cefadroxil treatment groups: 2,000 mg. once daily, 1,000 mg. once daily, or 1,000 mg. twice daily. Urine cultures at five to nine days post-treatment revealed cures in 27 of 36 patients in the 2,000-mg. daily group, 32 of 36 patients in the 1,000-mg. daily group, and 27 of 28 patients taking 1,000 mg. twice daily. Recurrence rates were extremely low in all treatment groups, and only 3 patients had evidence of limited side effects. The benefits of a convenient and readily understood dosage schedule are discussed. PMID- 6986068 TI - Evaluation of Uricult dip slide in two hospital populations. AB - The Uricult dip slide was compared to traditional methods of bacterial isolation and quantitation in two different hospital wards. In a chronic care ward for patients with spinal cord injuries, the correlation of the dip slide and pour plate results was 96 per cent; there were very few specimens which had colony counts between 10(4) and 10(5) per ml. In a busy emergency room, the correlation between the dip slide and quantitative loop techniques was 75 per cent. In this population 18 per cent of the dip slide and 2l per cent of the calibrated loop cultures yielded colony counts between 10(4) and 10(5) per ml., and most of these cultures contained a mixture of bacteria. The results show that the Uricult dip slide performs well under ideal conditions. The dip slide can alleviate, but not eliminate, the problem of mixed bacterial growth at 10(4) to 10(5) colones per ml. The usefulness of the slide must be assessed in relation to the patient population and clinical situation in which it is to be employed. PMID- 6986069 TI - Modified autosuture bowel anastomosis. PMID- 6986070 TI - The varicocele--1800. PMID- 6986071 TI - The man with the powerful scowl (A.L. Philpott). PMID- 6986072 TI - Distaff succession echoes a tradition (Mrs. Charles G. Smith and Mrs. Daniel E. Lybrook). PMID- 6986073 TI - Annals of investigation: the digestive process. PMID- 6986074 TI - Asystole after pacemaker placement. PMID- 6986075 TI - Immunofluorescence of renal lesions in paraffin-embedded and fresh-frozen sections. AB - Immunofluorescent findings in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of kidneys involved by various nephropathies compared favorably with those in fresh frozen sections. In some cases, the findings in paraffin-embedded sections were complementary. Immunoreactivity with complement could not be demonstrated. PMID- 6986076 TI - Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis: report of a case in a patient with sickle-cell disease-beta-thalassemia. AB - A case of paravertebral extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with sickle cell anemia-beta-thalassemia is reported. Interesting aspects in this case, including the high level of Hb F and large number of nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood, are discussed. Fifty-five cases of intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis have been reported. Most of these cases occurred in patients with thalassemia or hereditary spherocytosis. Extramedullary hematopoiesis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a posterior mediastinal mass in a patient who has chronic anemia or other syndromes associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis. PMID- 6986077 TI - Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase reaction. PMID- 6986078 TI - Immunohistochemistry versus immunofluorescence for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 6986079 TI - The pathologic diagnosis of cancer--a crescendo of importance in current and future therapies. Ward Burdick Award Lecture. PMID- 6986080 TI - A case of leprechaunism with severe hyperinsulinemia. AB - This report describes an infant with physical features typical of leprechaunism, including a characteristic facies, hirsutism, and decreased subcutaneous tissue and muscle mass. Intermittent hypoglycemia and severe hyperinsulinemia were documented. The patient's insulin was normal in molecular size and biological activity, but its binding to the patient's cultured fibroblasts was profoundly decreased. Insulin antibodies were not present. A literature review has been undertaken to clarify further the clinical, metabolic, and pathological characteristics of this condition. PMID- 6986081 TI - Giardiasis. PMID- 6986083 TI - Malaria. PMID- 6986082 TI - The incidence of cancer among participants in controlled, randomized isoniazid preventive therapy trial. AB - Cancer morbidity and mortality were examined among 11,894 Puerto Rican participants in a US Public Health Service preventive therapy trial begun in 1957. The mean duration of follow-up was 18 years (range 16-19 years). No statistically significant difference in overall cancer rates was observed between the participants in the trial assigned isoniazid and those assigned placebo. There were also no significant differences between the groups when rates for specific types of cancer and age-specific cancer rates were compared. No trend toward an increasing cancer rate in the isoniazid group was observed with the passage of time. The mortality rate due to cancer was similar in the two groups. These data coupled with other information reported in the literature provide substantial evidence that isoniazid, when given in the usual therapeutic doses, is not carcinogenic in humans. PMID- 6986084 TI - Nocardiosis: a literature review and a case report of Nocardia asteroides infection. AB - Increased chemotherapy and longterm steroid treatments have made nocardiosis a prevalent problem in the United States. The most common infectant is the bacterium Nocardia asteroides. Culturing and identifying the organism and the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are discussed. A literature review and a related case history accompany the discussion. PMID- 6986085 TI - The occurrence of sperm antibodies in human reproduction. I. Comparative new and improved test methods for sperm antibody detection. AB - The four essential methods for sperm antibody detection are considered and evaluated. The micro-sperm-agglutination and micro-sperm-immobilization tests have been improved and optimized. Quantitative estimation of sperm antibodies was made by an immunoelectrophoresis technique after separation of antibodies from the sera and genital tract secretions by affinity chromatography. Antibodies were typed by line-rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The pathologic errors of the modified tests were found to be small and the biologic errors were tolerable. Satisfactory results were achieved for sperm antibodies belonging to IgA and IgM, but not for other immunoglobulins. PMID- 6986086 TI - Clinical applicability of amniotic fluid tests for fetal pulmonic maturity. AB - Recent advances in the understanding of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome have led to a proliferation of amniotic fluid tests for fetal pulmonic maturity. Clinical application of these tests requires a knowledge of reliability, availability, and cost. This review outlines the major features of the most widely utilized pulmonary maturity tests and allows the clinician to make a comparative assessment. PMID- 6986087 TI - A prospective study of acquired toxoplasmosis among 8,043 pregnant women in the Oslo area. AB - A prospective serologic study of acquired toxoplasmosis has been carried out among 8,043 pregnant women in the Oslo area by means of the DT and IgG-IFAT tests on paired blood samples collected on an average in gestational weeks 13 and 35. The screening results indicated that 54 women had to be considered as having potential "risk pregnancies" and they were selected for special follow-up studies. Thirteen women were found to have acquired a toxoplasma infection during pregnancy. The outcome of these pregnancies was: two spontaneous abortions and probably four congenitally infected children. In three of these cases parasites could be demonstrated in the placenta and/or amniotic fluid. This gives a transmission rate of 46% and an incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis of nearly 1/1,000 births. PMID- 6986088 TI - Samuel J. Kimura, M.D. 1912-1979. PMID- 6986090 TI - A computerized diagnostic evaluation of a psychiatric problem. AB - The authors has developed a computerized system for diagnostic evaluation of a psychiatric problem on the Problem-Oriented Medical Information System (PROMIS). He evaluates the chief complaint of hyperactivity by the three-step process: 1) defining the problem, 2) considering causes that are common and easily reversible, and 3) considering other causes. Eleven physicians, including 6 psychiatrists, used this system. The psychiatrists thought the organization of the diagnostic evaluation was clinically sound and a useful training device. The nonpsychiatric physicians thought this diagnostic process was analogous to the diagnostic process for other medical problems. PMID- 6986089 TI - Psychiatric emergencies: an overview. AB - The psychiatric emergency ward has become a primary entry point into the network of mental health services for people who need help to cope with their problems of living. It is also the only source of treatment for many chronically mentally ill patients living in the community. The authors critically review the literature on emergency psychiatric services, focusing on the ways these services are used, the atmosphere in the emergency room, and the determinants of disposition decision making. On the basis of their research, they suggest a model for emergency services that includes an evaluation of the patient's and his on her community's resources and competence and minimizes subtle diagnostic considerations. PMID- 6986091 TI - 1979 anniversaries. AB - In 1979 Mesmer's Memoire sur la decouverte du magnestisme animal appeared in Paris. Although Mesmer believed in physical rather than psychological causes, his work in healing through suggestion marks the beginning of modern psychotherapy. In 1879 several state mental hospitals opened in the United States, amid controversies between the medical profession and the public over the treatment of mental illness. Ernest Jones, a pioneer in the establishment of psychonanalysis and author of the most comprehensive and authoritative biography of Freud, was born that same year. PMID- 6986092 TI - Computers and diagnosis. PMID- 6986093 TI - An open clinical trial of L-dopa and carbidopa in adults with minimal brain dysfunction. AB - MBD has long been considered a childhood disorders. Recent research suggests that in some it persists into adult life and that at least one form is a consequence of reduced activity of dopaminergic systems in the brain. To test this hypothesis, three adults with "presumptive" MBD were given L-dopa plus carbidopa. Although overall this combination was less effective than stimulant medication, all the patients showed an initial response, and in one patient L-dopa seemed to potentiate the effect of methylphenidate. The authors point out that various dopamine agonists have different effects and that the possible potentiation effect is consistent with a dopaminergic hypothesis. PMID- 6986095 TI - Resolution of acute malaria (Plasmodium berghei in the rat): reversibility and spleen dependence. AB - Six-week-old rats infected with Plasmodium berghei developed a peak parasitemia of 55.2 +/- 3.1% by day 15 of infection, followed by spontaneous resolution of the infection during a process referred to as crisis. Crisis was accompanied by the appearance in circulation of infected erythrocytes in which the parasites appeared abnormal ("crisis forms"). Rats splenectomized at different times during the crisis period experienced a sudden increase in parasitemia, with a marked decrease in the number of circulating crisis forms. Splenectomy in parasitemia, with a marked decrease in the number of circulating crisis forms. Splenectomy resulted in a 100% mortality, whereas all control and sham-operated rats survived their infection. Although P. berghei is restricted to developing within young erythrocytes, our observations could not be explained by the effects of splenectomy on the number of circulating reticulocytes. Indeed, the reticulocytosis which accompanies crisis was unaffected by splenectomy. Our observations therefore suggest that crisis is a reversible process and, specifically, that the spleen is necessary for its maintenance. PMID- 6986094 TI - Shigella surveillance in a large metropolitan area: assessment of a passive reporting system. AB - A passive disease report card (DRC) surveillance system failed to detect an epidemic of diarrheal disease caused by a newly identified drug-resistant strain of Shigella sonnei. The DRC system inaccurately described both the population at risk and the geographic location of cases. Specific limitations of the DRC system, including problems of underreporting and ascertainment bias, were complicated by the absence of timely data analysis and feedback to providers. PMID- 6986096 TI - Pulmonary stronglyoidiasis complicating therapy with corticosteroids. Report of a case with secondary bacterial infections. AB - We report a case of pulmonary strongloidiasis which occurred after high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Our patient responded very well to treatment with thiabendazole, despite the fact that the steroids were contined throughout his entire hospital course. Further complications included pseudomonas meningitis and Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia, both of which resolved with appropriate treatment. PMID- 6986097 TI - A parasitologic survey for Mansonella ozzardi in the Comisaria del Vaupes, Colombia. AB - The prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi in the Comisaria del Vaupes of eastern Colombia was investigated as part of an extensive study of human filariasis in Colombia. Three hundred and forty-seven individuals from various parts of Vaupes were examined. The overall infection rate for M. ozzardi was 49%, but the distribution of the parasite was not uniform throughout the Comisaria. Microfilariae were found in both venous blood samples and ski biopsies of infected individuals. The rate of infection was 55% for males and 42% for females, and infection ratenerally low, with 88% of the positive films having less than 50 microfilariae. PMID- 6986098 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting IgM and IgE antibodies in human schistosomiasis. AB - Sera from patients with acute or early and chronic schistosomiasis were examined for IgG, IgM, and IgE antibody by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique, using soluble egg antigen from Schistosoma mansoni. Cercarial/adult IgG antibody ratios were determined, using soluble cercarial and adult worm antigens. Sera with cercarial/adult ratios indicative of acute or early schistosomiasis also contained specific IgM antibodies. Schistosome IgE antibody was found in sera from patients with acute schistosomiasis, but in only 1 of 10 sera from patients with chronic schistosomiasis. The inability of ELISA to detect IgE antibodies in chronic sera indicates that it may be a relatively insensitive measure of IgE antibodies in those patients with chronic schistosomiasis. PMID- 6986099 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serodiagnosis of hydatid disease. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adapted for the indirect serological measurement of anti-Echinococcus antibodies in human hydatid disease. Both the tube method and the microtitration procedure were used successfully. However, the tube test with a purified hydatid fluid fraction appears to be the method of choice. ELISA results are comparable to those found in the indirect hemagglutination test and with the agar gel methods (double diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis), but false positive results were observed with the sera of patients with schistosomiasis or liver cirrhosis. ELISA has proved to be a sensitive quantitative procedure for the serodiagnosis of human echinococcosis, even though it has not been shown in our study to be more sensitive than the classical serological procedures such as indirect hemagglutination. It can be concluded that ELISA should be considered not as an alternative but as a useful addition to the range of immunodiagnostic tests available for serodiagnosis of hydatid disease. PMID- 6986100 TI - Of coliforms and cancer. PMID- 6986101 TI - Robert Hinckley's "The First Operation with Ether". PMID- 6986102 TI - High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV): what role in ventilatory insufficiency? PMID- 6986103 TI - Stuart C. Cullen 1909--1979. PMID- 6986104 TI - Postoperative respiratory care: a controlled trial of early and late extubation following coronary-artery bypass grafting. AB - Sequelae of early versus late extubation of the trachea in patients following coronary-artery bypass grafting were compared prospectively in 38 patients randomly assigned to one of the two groups. The times to extubation were 2 +/- 2 and 18 +/- 3 hours after operation for the two groups. Comparisons were made between groups for the following five variables: time spent in the intensive care unit; drug utilization in the intensive care unit; cardiopulmonary morbidity; hemodynamic performance; patient stress (plasma norepinephrine levels). The anesthetic technique consisted of induction with thiopental, nitrous oxide, and halothane, followed by maintenance with nitrous oxide and halothane. Pancuronium was the only muscle relaxant administered. Patients whose tracheas were extubated early had muscle relaxants reversed prior to the application of extubation criteria. There was no significant difference between the groups in times spent in the intensive care unit, hemodynamic performances, or plasma norepinephrine levels; however, the patients whose tracheas were extubated early received less morphine and diazepam and suffered significantly less cardiopulmonary morbidity. PMID- 6986105 TI - Comparison of ventilatory patterns in the treatment of freshwater near-drowning in dogs. PMID- 6986106 TI - High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation in management of a patient with bronchopleural fistula. PMID- 6986107 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure in hemidiaphragmatic paralysis. PMID- 6986108 TI - Moisture-proofing the beckman D2 oxygen analyzer. PMID- 6986109 TI - Bain PEEP. PMID- 6986110 TI - Controlled clinical trial of a new dosage form of metaproterenol. AB - In a double-blind, crossover study of single doses an inhalant solution of metaproterenol was compared with an 0.5% solution of isoproterenol and placebo in nine patients with bronchial asthma and 13 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The solutions were administered by IPPB in 15-minute treatment sessions. The mean duration of effect of metaproterenol, in terms of FEV1, and the magnitude of the FEV1 response to metaproterenol exceeded the isoproterenol data to a statistically significant degree, as did global ratings of response. FEF 25-75% and airway resistance showed similar patterns of response. Adverse experiences were minimal after both drugs. PMID- 6986112 TI - The insulin controversy. PMID- 6986113 TI - Management for physicians: an annotated bibliography of recent literature. PMID- 6986111 TI - The usefulness of a predictive instrument to reduce inappropriate admissions to the coronary care unit. AB - A mathematical instrument was developed to supplement the diagnostic information available to physicians in the emergency room to improve physicians' diagnostic accuracy in managing patients with acute ischemic heart disease and thereby reduce inappropriate coronary care unit admissions. The instrument was empirically derived and is based on nine clinical, historical, and electrocardiographic predictive variables. Probabilities of acute ischemic heart disease generated by the instrument were given to the house staff in an emergency room during alternate months. Comparison of the control months (455 patients) with the experimental months (401 patients) showed the following: The overall diagnostic accuracy increased from 83% to 91% (P less than 0.005), the overdiagnostic accuracy increased from 51% to 33% (P less than 0.01), and the admission rate to the coronary care unit fell from 26% to 14% (P less than 0.001), while the inappropriate discharge rate from the emergency room did not change, 3% versus 3% (not significant). PMID- 6986114 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric assay of beta-lactamase. AB - Beta-Lactam antibiotics and the crude enzyme were mixed in deuterium oxide and placed in a nuclear magnetic resonance tube. The change of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum during the enzymatic reaction was then analyzed to determine beta-lactamase activity. By using beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and cephamycins as substrates, a comparison of the beta-lactamase activities was made between the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric assay and the iodometric assay. There was a close correlation between these two methods. PMID- 6986116 TI - Bullae in comatose patients. PMID- 6986117 TI - Treatment of pattern baldness with fiber implantation. PMID- 6986115 TI - Comparison of cefamandole, cephalothin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol in experimental Escherichia coli meningitis. AB - The activities of cefamandole, cephalothin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol were compared in fulminant and temperate Escherichia coli meningitis in rabbits. Intensive dosing schedules were employed to achieve maximal therapeutic benefits with short-term treatment. In an 8-h schedule chloramphenicol was significantly more effective in sterilizing the cerebrospinal fluid and curing both fulminant and temperate infections than cefamandole or ampicillin. Cephalothin was without effect in fulminant meningitis. Cefamandole and ampicillin were equivalent in activity in this and longer (12- and 24-hr) treatment schedules. The therapeutic benefits of chloramphenicol were purchased via use of doses above those generally regarded as safe for human use. The mean serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain concentrations of chloramphenicol, cefamandole, and ampicillin were significantly greater in rabbits with fulminant meningitis than in those with temperate meningitis. The difference was of such magnitude as to support the need to monitor drug concentrations. PMID- 6986118 TI - A syndrome of multiple immune autoreactivity. A breakdown in immune regulation. AB - The clinical findings of pemphigus vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren's syndrome were found in a patient displaying immunological abnormalities found in pemphigus vulgaris, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Some of the antigen-antibody systems detected in this case were further identified. Our patient may be an example of severe failure in immune regulation. PMID- 6986119 TI - Syphilis serology today. AB - Serologic testing is an important adjunct in the diagnosis and management of syphilis. In this review, the various currently used serologic tests, both non treponemal and treponemal, are considered. Special emphasis is placed on their relative advantages, applications, and limitations. Conditions under which these tests may be falsely positive are discussed. Additional diagnostic tools cited are the dark-field examination, for use in early-lesion syphilis, and cytological and immunochemical techniques for determining potentially active neurosyphilis. The analysis of every serologic report, and its correlation to the historical, epidemiological, and clinical findings, is highlighted. PMID- 6986120 TI - Thromboresistant surface coatings for the measurement of cardiac output through continuous low flow peripheral A-V shunts. AB - The dilution technique for determining cardiac output using indocyanine green dye is limited in patients weighing less than 20 kg because of the obligatory volume loss. Reproducible achieved using the green dye dilution method by the establishment of a low flow peripheral arteriovenous shunt. The shunt materials were treated with thromboresistant agents--TDMAC (7%) and albumin (1 g/dl)--to facilitate the use of this technique without heparin. For A-V shunt flow rates of 8-30 cc/min reproducible values of cardiac output were obtained for up to 38 hours which were in good agreement with determinations made using the conventional technique of dye dilution. PMID- 6986122 TI - Vein reconstruction of a mycotic internal carotid aneurysm. AB - Carotid aneurysms are an extremely rare entity; mycotic carotid aneurysms are even more uncommon. Most articles in the past have advocated ligation as treatment of mycotic carotid aneurysms due to the dangers of graft placement in an infected field. Unfortunately, stroke occurs in many patients so treated. As the cerebral complications were so high, bypass using autogenous vein and fine monofilament polypropylene sutures is attractive. This technique was used in a patient having a mycotic carotid aneurysm who was referred to the Vascular Service of the Shands Teaching Hospital. Pre- and postoperative antibiotics, resection of the aneurysm, anastomosis in a noninfected area, and long-term oral antibiotics were felt to be other important aspects of the patient's treatment. This individual is well one year after operation without neurological sequelae. This case suggests that if strict operative and therapeutic guidelines are observed, bypass with autogenous vein is a feasible operative alternative in patients having mycotic carotid aneurysms. The risk of this procedure must be carefully weighed against the devastating neurological sequellae that might result with ligation. PMID- 6986121 TI - Postoperative T-tube cholangiography. Is antibiotic coverage necessary. AB - One hundred patients undergoing postoperative cholangiography had blood cultures drawn prior to and 15 minutes and six hours after cholangiography. Bile cultures obtained prior to cholangiography grew organisms in 92 of 100 patients with E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and enterococcus being the bacteria most frequently isolated. Anaerobes were isolated from the bile in 21% of the patients. Nine of 83 patients (11%) not receiving antibiotics developed a bacteremia after cholangiography with organisms identical to those in the bile. All nine patients recovered without further complications of cholangiography. Those who developed a bactermia could not be distinguished from the group as a whole on the basis of age, sex, laboratory data, type of surgery or cholangiographic findings. None of the eight patients with negative bile cultures and none of 17 patients on antibiotics at the time of cholangiography experienced a bacteremia. Ninety to 93% of 304 organisms isolated from the bile were sensitive to a combination of a penicillin and an aminoglycoside. Most patients undergoing postoperative tube cholangiography do not develop a bacteremia and do not require antibiotics. Only patients with positive bile cultures who might tolerate a bacteremia poorly, and those who are febrile from cholangitis immediately prior to cholangiography should be covered with a short course of systemic antibiotics. PMID- 6986124 TI - Antibody-coated bacteria. PMID- 6986123 TI - Pathologic rupture of the spleen in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Pathologic rupture of the spleen was the signal event in the onset of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma in a young woman. The diagnosis of lymphoma was established only after one month of observation. In a review of clinical features of ten patients with pathologic rupture of the spleen due to lymphoma, spleen size was variable, and in four of ten patients a diagnosis of lymphoma had not been suspected previously. In addition to the patient described herein, only two of those previously described survived splenic rupture. PMID- 6986126 TI - Treatment of severe hypoxemia due to the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6986125 TI - The spectrum of renal diseases associated with anti-basement membrane antibodies. AB - Nephritis associated with anti-basement membrane antibodies includes a spectrum of glomerular and/or tubulointerstitial involvement. The glomerluar disease may present as Goodpasture's syndrome, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, a mild focal, segmental, proliferative glomerulonephritis, or chronic glomerulonephritis. The tubulointerstitial nephritis is associated with antibodies directed against the basement membrane of the tubules and may occur as a result of drug hypersensitivity. Routine light microscopy or electron microscopy may not be diagnostic of these syndromes. Immunofluorescent examination of renal tissue demonstrates a smooth, linear pattern of immunoglobulin or complement deposition along the glomerular or tubular basement membrane. Anti-basement membrane antibodies may also be detected in the circulation. Treatment of these syndromes is directed at eradication of the stimulus for antibody production, blockage of antibody production by immunosuppressive drugs, and removal of the existing antibody from the circulation by plasmapheresis or plasma exchange transfusion. PMID- 6986127 TI - Clinical application of the HLA-B27 test in rheumatic diseases. A current perspective. AB - Testing for the histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 has been suggested as a valuable diagnostic aid in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and associated spondyloarthropathies, and B27 typing is becoming more readily available commercially at a number of clinical pathology laboratories. A current evaluation of B27 typing as a diagnostic test is presented, together with some guidelines for the clinical application of this test in the diagnosis of certain rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6986128 TI - Serratia endocarditis. A follow-up report. AB - Seventeen new cases of Serratia marcescens endocarditis observed in the San Francisco Bay Area since June 1974 are presented. Fifteen patients had a history of illicit intravenous drug use and four patients had prosthetic heart valves. Seven patients with infection of right-sided heart valves did well, although surgery was required in two for persistent fever or recurrent pulmonary emboli. Only three of ten patients with left-sided infection survived despite synergistic antibiotic combinations and high serum bactericidal titers. Fifteen isolates of Serratia from patients with endocarditis were serotyped, and none of these serotypes corresponded to the pigmented strain aerosolized by the US Army in the Bay Area in 1951. The isolation of the same Serratia strain from two patients and their shared injection paraphernalia provided insight into the pathogenesis of endocarditis in the intravenous drug user. A revised therapeutic approach to this difficult infection is presented. PMID- 6986129 TI - Meningeal myelomatosis. PMID- 6986130 TI - Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage due to nitrofurantoin. AB - Acute and chronic pleuropneumonic reactions as well as rare fatalities following nitrofurantoin exposure have been reported. A case of fatal fulminant hemorrhagic pneumonitis following nitrofurantoin exposure is reported here. Recent experimental evidence suggests that a toxic mechanism may be responsible for the observed reaction. PMID- 6986131 TI - Renal transplantation in a child with Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - An 11-year-old child who was given radiation to the abdomen for Burkitt's lymphoma of the cecum had irreversible renal failure requiring hemodialysis. Because renal transplantation is associated with a greater risk of lymphoma (35 times) even in patients without prior history of cancer, it was feared that the risk of recurrence of lymphoma was considerably greater in this child. However, a cadaver renal transplant given after one year of hemodialysis has functioned exceedingly well for more than five years. There has been no recurrence of the tumor, and the patient is fully rehabilitated and is a normal healthy teenager in all respects. To our knowledge, this the first report of a successful renal transplant in a patient with preexisting Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 6986132 TI - Polycythemia in renal transplant patients. PMID- 6986135 TI - The Midtown Manhattan Longitudinal Study vs 'the Mental Paradise Lost' doctrine. A controversy joined. AB - The "Mental Paradise Lost" school in psychiatry propounds a historical trend of deteriorating mental health in the general population, particularly among women, and especially in big cities. The socio-epidemiological Midtown Manhattan Longitudinal Study, covering four decade-of-birth cohorts born since 1895, has yielded data that challenge those claims. To explain serendipitous findings of intergeneration differences between Midtown men and women on measures of subjective well-being, a theory is advanced based on changes in the status and roles of women since the late Victorian era. Possible policy implications for preventive psychiatry are discussed, and further follow-up research outlined for the specialty field of socio-psychiatric history. PMID- 6986134 TI - Muscle biofeedback and transcendental meditation. A controlled evaluation of efficacy in the treatment of chronic anxiety. AB - Recent articles have suggested that muscle biofeedback and transcendental meditation may be useful in treating chronic anxiety. To assess this, we conducted a controlled study comparing muscle biofeedback, transcendental mediation, and relaxation therapy. The study consisted of a six-week baseline period, six weeks of treatment, a six-week posttreatment observation period, and later follow-up. Thirty-one subjects completed the first part of the study and have been followed up for three to 18 months. Forty percent of the subjects had a clinically significant decrease in their anxiety. There were no differences between treatments with respect to treatment efficacy, onset of symptom amelioration, or maintenance of therapeutic gains. We found no evidence suggesting that the degree of muscle relaxation induced by any of the treatments is related to the therapeutic outcome. Relaxation therapies as a sole treatment appear to have a limited place in the treatment of chronic anxiety. PMID- 6986133 TI - Withdrawal reaction from long-term, low-dosage administration of diazepam. A double-blind, placebo-controlled case study. AB - Symptoms of diazepam withdrawal developed in a young man who had been taking diazepam in dosages of 15 to 25 mg/day during a six-year period. This was verified in a study conducted under placebo-controlled, double blind conditions, with plasma levels of diazepam and its major metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, monitored throughout the course of the study. Severe symptoms of physiological withdrawal were observed within two days of replacement of diazepam with placebo capsules. The patient recovered promptly on reinstitution of diazepam administration, and relapsed during a second withdrawal phase. During an additional two week-period of placebo administration, the patient's condition first worsened, then gradually improved. Examination of plasma levels of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam indicated no obvious pharmacokinetic abnormalities. Thus, with long-term administration of diszepam, even in therapeutically accepted doses, withdrawal reactions can be encountered on abrupt termination. PMID- 6986137 TI - Krusen award to Dr. Kottke. PMID- 6986138 TI - Hepatic trauma. A review of 56 consecutively treated patients. AB - The records of 56 consecutively treated patients with hepatic trauma were reviewed for clinical features, treatment, and results. Nonpenetrating trauma was the cause of 60% of the injuries, 40% of which were considered major. Peritoneal irritability, hypotension, and a positive abdominal paracentesis were common findings leading to abdominal exploration. Prompt fluid resuscitation followed by operation was successful in most patients. Various suture techniques were effectively used to control hemorrhage, and extensive debridement short of lobectomy was used if possible. Drainage was effective in reducing postoperative complications. Death was associated with extensive injuries that required right hepatic lobectomy in two patients, and in three patients deaths were unrelated to the hepatic injury. Complications were predominantly pulmonary problems, sepsis, and hemorrhage. These results support the prompt operative management of hepatic injuries with accepted procedures of debridement, precise vascular and biliary control, and drainage, conserving hepatic tissues. PMID- 6986136 TI - Aphasic adults and their decisions on driving: an evaluation. AB - This study evaluated the propriety of decisions by aphasic adults to avoid or to return to driving following a cerebrovascular accident. A comparison was made of a rehabilitation team's assessments of driving skills with a group of 10 aphasic adults who had chosen to return to driving without professional consultation and 10 aphasic adults who had not returned to driving. The Fisher Exact Probability Test found that the team-assigned driver and nondriver groupings agreed with the patients' own groupings with the relationship significant at p less than 0.005. This suggested patients had appropriately judged their own compentency to drive. Discriminant analysis of variables tested by the team suggested language performance alone was not the most cogent indicator for driving candidacy. PMID- 6986139 TI - In situ cold perfusion of kidneys for transplantation. An experimental and clinical evaluation. AB - Cadaver kidneys from donors who have sustained cardiac standstill are often unsuitable for transplantation due to prolonged warm ischemic time. In an attempt to increase the salvage rate of these kidneys, the efficacy of in situ intra aortic cold perfusion in producing immediate function of allografted kidneys was assessed in the nonheart beating canine model. In the first experiment, kidneys harvested after cardiac standstill and immediate intra-aortic cold perfusion were demonstrated to function equally as well as kidneys harvested "optimally." In the second experiment, evaluation of intra-aortic cold perfusion on renal core temperature demonstrated rapid cooling of these kidneys to a protective range. Early clinical results in donors whose kidneys were removed after cardiac arrest demonstrate that most of the kidneys allotransplanted after in situ intra-aortic cold perfusion functioned immediately. These preliminary experimental and clinical results demonstrate the effectiveness of in situ intra-aortic cold perfusion. Wider application of this technique to donors with cardiac standstill should increase the available organs for transplantation. PMID- 6986140 TI - Ophthalmology and Philately: I. Ophthalmologist on stamps--M. R. de Gama Pinto (1853-1945). PMID- 6986141 TI - Gelatinous drop-like dystrophy. A form of primary corneal amyloidosis. AB - A keratoplasty was performed on the right eye of a 12-year-old boy affected by gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy. This rare form of primary corneal amyloidosis has been more often reported in Japanese than in occidental literature. In the case presented here, the occasional fusiform deposits of amyloid observed in the stroma suggest a relationship between gelatinous drop like corneal dystrophy and lattice dystrophy. A new classification of the different types of primary corneal amyloidosis is proposed. PMID- 6986142 TI - Traumatic episcleritis following phosphorus 32 testing. AB - Five eyes containing choroidal melanomas were found, on histopathologic examination, to have traumatic episcleritis with foreign-body granulomas and scleral edema underlying the area of tumor. This reaction was clearly correlated with phosphorus 32 testing that had been performed one to four weeks earlier. In all cases, enucleation had been delayed for logistic reasons. Invasion of the sclera or intrascleral canals was found in each case, with extension to the episclera in two of three small melanomas. Although the cases are few, this degree of invasion was greater than that seen in our other small melanomas or in reported series. The possibility that manipulation and inflammation of this type might have an adverse stimulatory influence on some melanomas should be considered when planning delayed enucleation after 32P testing. The juxtaposition of cautery marks and intrascleral tumor in a further case of melanoma demonstrates another possible complication of 32P testing. PMID- 6986143 TI - Persistent infection of a posttraumatic phycomycotic infection. PMID- 6986144 TI - Identification of crystalline deposits. PMID- 6986145 TI - Reconstruction for malar asymmetry. AB - Congenital and posttraumatic deformities may cause facial asymmetry of the malar area. Onlay grafting and/or craniofacial repositioning techniques are most frequently used in repair. There are various indications for, as well as limitations of, both onlay grafting techniques and craniofacial repositioning. Measurements of the deformity make more accurate corrections possible. Anthropometric data obtained from skulls confirm that a simple geometric formula can be developed for prediction of the final result after the rotation advancement of the depressed malar eminence. The surgical technique has evolved through the care of six recent patients. The method places emphasis on the three dimensional nature of the repair and the requirements in craniofacial repositioning for stable fixation with bone-to-bone contact. PMID- 6986146 TI - The sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap. AB - A myocutaneous flap based on the sternocleidomastoid muscle appears useful in selected circumstances when preservation of the sternocleidomastoid does not compromise oncologic safety. Its principal advantage lies in the single-stage repair of smaller oropharyngeal defects not exceeding 6 cm in diameter. Of the five flaps included in this series, one underwent total cutaneous necrosis; in two of five, partial cutaneous loss developed. Despite varying degrees of epithelial loss, fistulae did not develop because of viable underlying muscle present in this compound flap. PMID- 6986147 TI - Microvascular surgery. AB - In situations where existing techniques of reconstruction are inadequate or involve multiple stages, free-flap transfer offers major advantages for the head and neck surgeon. Wider application of free-flap surgery has been inhibited by problems of flap design and graft take. Thrombosis at the microanastomic site, particularly at the venous site, is still a cause of failure. Techniques of anastomosis are of paramount importance. Nakayama ring pin anastomosis is easier to learn, less time-consuming, and shows less early thrombosis that suture techniques. Use of adjunctive pharmacologic agents, such as the tetrahydroimidazo quinazolines, will increase the likelihood of success. PMID- 6986148 TI - Clinical use of primary cortical responses. AB - This paper reviews the use of the primary cortical responses (or middle components of the auditory-evoked potentials) as it has recently developed in the clinical assessment of auditory disorders. Advances in the use of these techniques since 1958 are examined. Recording parameters for the middle components are briefly reviewed. Information is presented on the frequency specific nature of the response, as well as normative studies with neonates and infants. The clinical application of the middle components is summarized, as well as information about future directions for improving the clinical utility of electroencephalic response recordings. PMID- 6986149 TI - 5-Thiopyridoxine in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and experimental studies. AB - Twelve patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had failed to respond to or developed side effects preventing further use of penicillamine were given 5 thiopyridoxine (5-TP). These patients were compared with 48 patients with similar indications randomly assigned to placebo or penicillamine. Both 5-TP and penicillamine were superior to placebo, and the effectiveness of the two active drugs was similar. Both produced a gradual amelioration of symptoms and signs of the disease accompanied by reduction in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor titer, and immunoglobulins. Nine patients on 5-TP were able to continue treatment with good control of the disease for at least 18 months. Toxic effects included rashes, proteinuria, loss of taste, and mouth ulcers. Patients who had developed a particular side effect with penicillamine did not necessarily do the same with 5-TP. This is the second mercaptan compound which has suppressive effects on the clinical and laboratory features of rheumatoid arthritis. Because of their similarities, 5-TP and penicillamine were studied in various experimental systems in an attempt to find some common biochemical or pharmacologic action. Among the properties studied were the effects on copper, vitamin B6 metabolism, dermal collagen, and mixed disulfide formation. Results with animal models of inflammation were also examined. The only common action was enhancement of the secondary lesions of adjuvant arthritis. PMID- 6986150 TI - In memoriam. Professor Anatoly I. Nesterov. PMID- 6986151 TI - Further evidence for plasmapheresis. PMID- 6986152 TI - [Evaluation of psychological and social rehabilitation of the child with chronic renal failure]. AB - Fifteen children with chronic renal failure were studied from the psychological and social viewpoints. Seven of them had been treated under a program of chronic hemodialysis; seven had been transplanted a kidney from a living donor and one from a dead donor. The degree of psychological and social rehabilitations was compared between the transplanted patients and those under chronic hemodialysis. It was observed that the latter did not achieve an acceptable degree of rehabilitation. The importance of the donor's position within the family structure, prior to the transplant, is also emphasized as the key relevant factor contributing to the family balance after the transplant. PMID- 6986154 TI - Royal Navy Director Naval Dental Services (P.R.J. Duly). PMID- 6986153 TI - [Systemic candidiasis in the newborn. Report of 3 cases]. AB - The clinical picture of 3 infants with systemic candidiasis who recovered spontaneously is described and a correlation is made between the clinical findings and laboratory data. The clinical picture is similar to that of 16 patients who died, some with septicemia of bacterial origin. The authors consider predisposing factors favoring the development of systemic mycotic infection such as: use of multiple antibiotics, continuous use of catheters, deficiency of IGA (in one patient). The diagnosis was suspected due to the prolonged course, the ill-defined toxic and infectious manifestations, the poor or lack of response to antibiotics and the negativity of bacterial blood cultures. The presence of Candida in various sites and cultures with positive serologic tests for Candida confirmed the diagnosis. Some considerations about antimycotic therapy are made and some circumstances that make the spontaneous cures of mycosis possible are considered. PMID- 6986155 TI - Partial denture technique. 4.--Guide planes. PMID- 6986157 TI - San Marino stamps up St. Apollonia in style. PMID- 6986156 TI - The tooth doctor (Ella Boyce Stamper). PMID- 6986158 TI - Donald Davies, M.B., Ch.B., B.D.S., L.D.S. PMID- 6986159 TI - Evan Wynn Davies, F.D.S., H.D.D., L.D.S. PMID- 6986160 TI - Kenneth James Macdonald, L.D.S. PMID- 6986161 TI - Electrochemical proton gradient in inverted membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli. AB - Inverted membrane vesicles prepared from Escherichia coli ML 308-225 generate a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient (delta mu H+; interior positive and acid) during oxidation of D-lactate, succinate, reduced phenazine methosulfate, or NADH or hydrolysis of ATP. Using the distribution of the lipophilic anion thiocyanate to measure the membrane potential (delta psi) and the permeant weak base methylamine to measure the pH gradient (delta pH), maximal values for delta psi H+ of approximately +160 mV are obtained. Many of the properties of delta psi H+ in inverted vesicles are similar to those described previously in right-side out vesicles [Ramos, S., & Kaback, H.R. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 848]: (1) the magnitude of the delta psi (interior positive) generated in the presence of D lactate or reduced phenazine methosulfate is similar to that observed in right side-out vesicles but of opposite polarity and independent of pH from 5.5 to 8.0; (2) plots of delta pH vs. internal pH in the right-side-out vesicles are similar with D-lactate as the electron donor; (3) as observed with right-side-out vesicles, dissipation of delta psi or delta pH leads to a concomitant increase in the other parameter without a change in the rate of respiration; (4) inverted vesicles catalyze Na+ accumulation, and it is apparent that the process can be driven by either delta psi (interior positive) or delta pH (interior acid). PMID- 6986162 TI - Conformational stability of ribosomal protein L7/L12: effects of pH, temperature, and guanidinium chloride. AB - The effects of pH, temperature, and guanidinium chloride on the conformation of ribosomal protein L7/L12 have been investigated in order to understand the stability of this protein dimer. The results indicate that many of the molecular forces stabilizing the conformation of the dimer are disrupted at low pH or high temperature. These acid- and thermal-denatured states, however, still retain considerable secondary structure. Approximately half of the alpha-helical content present in the native protein remains intact at pH below 2 and at temperatures above 90 degrees C. Further denaturation of the acid-denatured protein by 6 M guanidinium chloride results in a state which still contains approximately 20% alpha helix. Similar amounts of residual conformation remain when the native L7/L12 dimer is denatured with guanidinium chloride. Thermodynamic analysis of the conformational transitions studied indicates that none is compatible with a simple two-state process. The complexity of these denaturation data and the structural characterizations of the various denatured states are consistent with the possible existence of structural domains in the protein molecule possessing different conformational stabilities. PMID- 6986164 TI - Acid-base equilibria of the oxidized beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pyruvate adduct in the ground and electronically excited states. A proton transfer probe for proteins. AB - Proton transfer reactions of the oxidized NAD+-pyruvate adduct in its electronically excited singlet state were studied in aqueous solution and when bound to several proteins. The ionization constant of the adduct in the excited state was found to differ by several orders of magnitude from its value in the ground state. A rapid deprotonation reaction was found to follow electronic excitation if a suitable proton acceptor is present. The deprotonation is accompanied by a marked change in the fluorescence spectrum of the adduct and is therefore easy to detect and follow. The free adduct in aqueous solution was found to be in equilibrium between open and folded conformations of which only the open one is fluorescent. The equilibrium constant between these two forms was evaluated. A complex dependence of the fluorescence on the pH in the range of 1- 7 was found, which originates in a shift of the equilibrium constant toward the open conformation and in protonation of acid groups of the adduct. Interaction of the adduct with four proteins was studied. Each had a different effect on the proton transfer reaction, reflecting differences in the microenvironment of the bound adduct. A possible use of the adduct as an excited-state proton transfer probe for proteins is presented. PMID- 6986163 TI - Modification of cytidines in a Q beta replicase template: analysis of conformation and localization of lethal nucleotide substitutions. AB - The solution conformation of MDV-1( + ) RNA, a small RNA template replicated autocatalytically in vitro by Q beta replicase, was investigated with sodium bisulfite, a reagent that selectively converts single-stranded cytidines to uridines. The reactivity of 45 of the 76 cytidines in MDV-1( + ) RNA was determined by nucleotide sequence analysis. Only 14 of these 45 cytidines were converted to uridine. Treatment of the RNA with methoxyamine, another single strand-specific cytidine modification reagent, gave results in good agreement with the bisulfite data. The limited reactivity of MDV-1 ( + ) RNA with these reagents indicates that it is a highly structured molecule. A secondary structure consistent with the chemical modification data is proposed. Modification of MDV-1 ( + ) RNA by bisulfite renders it inactive as a template for RNA replication. This inactivation and the modification of the cytidines at the 3' end of the molecule occur at very similar rates. By using a short complementary RNA "mask" to protect just these cytidines, we demonstrated that the loss of activity resulted from their modification. This implies that one or more of the cytidines in the 3'-terminal sequence is required for template activity and that changes within this sequence can have lethal consequences. The effects of modification elsewhere in the sequence are discussed. PMID- 6986165 TI - Subunit structure of the insulin receptor of the human lymphocyte. PMID- 6986167 TI - Stoichiometry and stereochemistry of deuterium incorporated into fatty acids by cells of Escherichia coli grown on [methyl-2H3]acetate. PMID- 6986166 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of insulin receptor proteins of liver plasma membrane preparations. AB - The photoreactive insulin derivatives N epsilon B29-(azidobenzoyl)insulin (MAB insulin) and N alpha A1, N epsilon B29-di(azidobenzoyl)insulin (DAB-insulin) were synthesized by reacting bovine insulin with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 4 azidobenzoic acid. These derivatives were purified by ion exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex, and their identities were established by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, and end-group determination. Their biological activities were measured by receptor binding assay and fat cell assay. The photoreactivity of these two derivatives was demonstrated by spectral changes and by the formation of covalent polymers of high molecular weight when exposed to light. Radioactive MAB-insulin and DAB-insulin were prepared by iodination with [125I]iodine. These radioactive derivatives were characterized for their photoreactivity, immunoreactivity, and receptor binding to liver plasma membrane. Liver plasma membrane preparations of rat, mouse, and guinea pig were incubated with these radioactive insulin derivatives and irradiated with light. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of these plasma membrane preparations after solubilization and reduction showed that two proteins were specifically labeled. The molecular weights of the two radioactive bands were estimated to be about 130 000 and 90 000 in all three species of animals. PMID- 6986168 TI - Primary structure of murine major histocompatibility complex alloantigens: amino acid sequence of the amino-terminal one hundred and seventy-three residues of the H-2Kb glycoprotein. AB - The amino-terminal 173 residues of the murine histocompatibility antigen H-2Kb have been assigned by using radiochemical methodology. The complete sequence of an 86 residue glycopeptide (CN-Ib), which is one of the five major CNBr fragments of Kb, was determined by analysis of peptides obtained from digests using thrombin and V8 staphylococcal protease. Complete sequences were obtained for the three large thrombic peptides, and these were aligned by using peptides from the V8 protease digest. Alignment of the CNBr fragments was carried out by using [35S]Met-labeled peptides from a tryptic digest of the papain-cleaved H-2Kb molecule. Positive identification was possible for all the common amino acids except Asp (Asp) which was indirectly assigned and which is designated in italics. The sequence obtained in our studies was Gly-Pro-His-Ser-Leu-Arg-Tyr-Phe Val-Thr-Ala-Val-Ser-Arg-Pro-Gly-Leu-Gly-Glu-Pro-Arg-Tyr-Met-Glu-Val-Gly-Tyr-Val Asp-Asp-Thr-Glu-Phe-Val-Arg-Phe-Asp-Ser-Asp-Ala-Glu-Asn-Pro-Arg-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Arg Ala-Arg-Trp-Met-Glu-Gln-Glu-Gly-Pro-Glu-Tyr-Trp-Glu-Arg-Glu-Thr-Gln-Lys-Ala-Lys Gly-Asn-Glu-Gln-Ser-Phe-Arg-Val-Asp-Leu-Arg-Thr-Leu-Leu-Gly-Tyr-Tyr-(Asn)-Gln-Ser Lys-Gly-Gly-Ser-His-Thr-Ile-Gln-Val-Ile-Ser-Gly-Cys-Glu-Val-Gly-Ser-Asp-Gly-Arg Leu-Leu-Arg-Gly-Tyr-Gln-Gln-Tyr-Ala-Tyr-Asp-Gly-Cys-Asp-Tyr-Ile-Ala-Leu-Asn-Glu Asp-Leu-Lys-Thr-Trp-Thr-Ala-Ala-Asp-Met-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ile-Thr-Lys-His-Lys-Trp-Glu Gln-Ala-Gly-Glu-Ala-Glu-Arg-Leu-Arg-Ala-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Thr-Cys-Val-Glu-Trp-Leu Arg-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Lys. These data represent the longest reported amino acid sequence determined by utilizing radiochemical methodology and provide the first extensive information on the primary structure of murine histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 6986169 TI - Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct: partial purification and characterization of a calcium-activated protease which hydrolyzes the progesterone receptor. AB - A calcium (Ca2+)-activated protease has been purified from laying hen oviducts. This enzyme can catalyze the limited proteolysis of the native chick oviduct progesterone receptor subunits, A and B, to smaller hormone-binding fragments. The protocol used has resulted in a 2000-fold purification of the enzyme in 40% yield from hen oviduct postmitochondrial supernatant fractions. This resulted in an active, purified protease preparation which can be used as an analytical tool for studying receptor protein structure. Characterization of the purified enzyme has shown that it is activated by Ca2+ (0.5-1 mM), has a molecular weight of 113 000, and has a sedimentation value of 6 S. No effect of calmodulin (Ca2+ dependent regulator) could be shown on the enzymatic activity of the protease. The enzyme has a Km of 1.04 x 10(-8) M for the receptor protein substrate. The protease is inactivated by sulfhydryl attacking reagents and thus can be classified as a sulfhydryl protease. This protease exhibits remarkable similarities to the "receptor transforming factor (RTF)", a Ca2+-activated protease which performs a limited proteolysis on the calf uterine estrogen receptor [Puca, G. A., Nola, E., Sica, V., & Bresciani, F. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1358]. PMID- 6986170 TI - Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct: analysis of receptor structure by limited proteolysis. AB - An endogenous calcium-activated sulfhydryl protease in chick oviduct cytosol has been utilized to study the structure of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor subunits, progestophilins A (79 000 g/mol) and B (117 000 g/mol). The protease is not a normal component of the native progesterone receptor aggregate (6 and 8 S) complexes. Both receptor protein subunits (A and B) can be cleaved to two hormone binding fragments, form IV (43 000 g/mol) and meroreceptor (23 000 g/mol). The meroreceptors obtained from the A and B proteins are indistinguishable from each other on the basis of both size (gel filtration chromatography) and charge (isoelectric focusing, pI 8.3). These findings suggest a structural similarity between the A and B proteins. The discovery of a weak deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) binding activity for the B protein suggests an even greater similarity between B and A subunits, since the A subunit has previously b:en shown to bind to DNA. The proteolytic fragments do not bind to DNA-cellulose, implying that the hormone- and DNA-binding regions of the A and B proteins exist in separate domains. PMID- 6986171 TI - Transfer ribonucleic acid guanine transglycosylase isolated from rat liver. AB - Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) guanine transglycosylase (guanine insertion enzyme) was isolated from rat liver and extensively purified. The enzyme catalyzes an exchange of queuine (the base of queuosine, Q) as well as its precursors and guanine for guanine originally located in the first position of the anticodon of "undermodified" tRNATyr, tRNAHis, tRNAAsn, and tRNAAsp from an Escherichia coli mutant or rat ascites hepatoma cells. This is in contrast to the previous observation that E. coli tRNA-guanine transglycosylase catalyzes the exchange of queuine precursors, such as 7-(aminoethyl)-7-deazaguanine and 7-cyano 7-deazaguanine, but not of queuine itself [Okada, N., Noguchi, S. Kasai, H., Shindo-Okada, N., Ohgi, T., Goto, T., & Nishimura, S. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3067-3073]. The Km value for queuine of the rat liver enzyme is 9.2 X 10(-7) M, much lower than the values for the bases of queuosine precursors or guanine. Thus, the actual substrate for tRNA-guanine transglycosylase in queuosine biosynthesis in vivo in rat liver may not be 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanine, which is thought to be an actual substrate guanine, the E. coli system. Queuine or some queuine derivative may be the actual substrate for the tRNA-guanine transglycosylase reaction in the biosynthesis of Q in tRNA of mammalian cells. 6 Thioguanine and 8-azaguanine are also found to be good substrates. PMID- 6986172 TI - Recombinant plasmids containing avian vitellogenin structural gene sequences derived from complementary DNA. AB - Purified mRNA coding for chicken vitellogenin, a precursor of egg yolk proteins, was transcribed to complementary DNA (cDNAvit) with avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase. Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized with Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (fragment A) using the self priming ability of the cDNA. Following S1 nuclease digestion the double-stranded cDNA was inserted into the Hind III site of plasmid pBR322 using the poly(dA) . poly(dT) tailing method, and the hybrid molecules were used to transform Escherichia coli chi 1776. Ampicillin-resistant colonies were screened by colony hybridization with 125I-labeled vitellogenen mRNA. Further screening of positive clones was done by agarose gel electrophoresis and in situ hybridization with 125I-labeled vitellogenin mRNA. In addition, plasmid DNA covalently bound to diazotized paper was used to select complementary mRNA sequences. The cloned vitellogenin sequences were shown to hybridize to a mRNA which directs the synthesis of immunoprecipitable vitellogenin when translated in a reticulocyte lysate cell free system. The length of the inserted cDNA was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and heteroduplex mapping. The largest insertion was about 2500 base pairs. Restriction mapping indicates that at least three plasmids out of four have different sequences. PMID- 6986173 TI - P5/P5' the acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - P5/P5', the most acidic and exchangeable phosphoproteins from the large ribosomal subunit in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were purified from the rest of the ribosomal proteins by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antibodies against the pure P5/P5' proteins cross-reacted with polypeptides from the cytoplasm suggesting that a cytoplasmic pool of P5/P5' exist. The cytoplasmic polypeptides immunologically related to P5/P5' are not phosphorylated. PMID- 6986175 TI - Purification and immunohistochemical localization of rat liver glutathione peroxidase. AB - Glutathione peroxidase was purified from the rat liver to give a single protein band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Rabbits were immunized with this purified enzyme, and a highly specific anti-glutathione peroxidase antiserum was obtained. Using this antibody, an immunohistochemical technique (the indirect method of peroxidase-labeled antibody) was applied to study the localization of the enzyme in the liver cells. On immunohistochemical observation, glutathione peroxidase was localized exclusively in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and a stronger 'immuno-staining' was exhibited in the peripheries of the hepatic lobules than in the central zone. PMID- 6986174 TI - The effect of temperature and membrane lipid composition on the rate of beta oxidation by Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli, strain D-1ML, was grown to mid-exponential phase at 14, 30 or 43 degrees C. Membrane fractions were prepared from cells grown at each temperature and analyzed with respect to the unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio and the effect of temperature on the rate of catalysis by succinate dichlorophenol reductase and the membrane-bound acyl-CoA synthetase. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids increased from 0.72 : 1.00 in cells grown at 43 degrees C to 1.46 : 1.00 in cells grown at 14 degrees C. The specific activity of succinate dichlorophenol reductase was increased by greater than two-fold in cells grown at 43 degrees C relative to the specific activity of the reductase from cells grown at 14 degrees C. In addition the activity of succinate dichlorophenol reductase responded to thermal phase transitions that were characteristic of membranes isolated from cells grown at the three different temperatures. In contrast the specific activity of acyl-CoA synthetase exhibited little or no variation as a function of the fatty acid composition of the membrane and the activity of the synthetase was not subject to thermal phase transitions. Comparison of Arrhenius plots of the oxidation of [U 14C]palmitoleate by whole cells and acyl-CoA synthetase activity with palmitoleate as substrate demonstrated that the two exhibited virtually identical Arrhenius activation energies and temperature optima. The Arrhenius plots of other soluble beta-oxidation enzymes do not resemble the provile of beta oxidation. These data strongly suggest that the acyl-CoA synthetase which catalyzes the transport of fatty acids into E. coli by group translocation mechanism is the rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation in E. coli. PMID- 6986176 TI - Increased in vitro B-cell IgG secretion during acute graft-versus-host disease and infection. Observations in 50 human marrow transplant recipients. AB - B-cell antibody secretion by lymphocytes from 50 bone marrow transplant recipients and 42 healthy controls was studied in vitro using an indirect hemolysis-in-gel assay to determine Ig-class-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC). The numbers of PFC were determined in medium alone and after stimulation of lymphocytes with killed Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The PFC responses for IgG, IgA, and IgM after stimulation with S. aureus were significantly lower in patients studied during the first 101 days after grafting compared to normals. Statistically significant increased IgG-PFC were found in patients who had acute graft-vesus-host disease (GVHD), grafts from HLA-nonidentical donors, or infections. Healthy patients studied more than 1 yr following transplantation had normal B-cell responses, but patients with chronic GVHD had deficient IgM production. The data suggest that antibody secretion by B cells varies in different marrow transplant patient subgroups and present a basis for further investigation of the interaction between lymphocyte subpopulations leading to antibody production. PMID- 6986177 TI - Increased cancer risk in canine radiation chimeras. PMID- 6986178 TI - Platelet adherence to cultured vascular cells: influence of prostacyclin (PGI2). PMID- 6986179 TI - Detection of platelet-directed immunoglobin G in sera using the peroxidase-anti peroxidase (PAP) slide technique. AB - An immunohistochemical procedure for the detection of immunoglobulin G adherent to platelets is described. The peroxidase anti-peroxidase method is used to detect antibody activity directed against platelets from normal donors in the sera from 305 individuals. These subjects were divided into three groups: group 1, patients referred for tissue typing; group 2, healthy normal females; group 3, healthy normal males. In group 1, 28% of the sera were found to be positive; in most of these a history of prior transfusions was obtained. In group 2, 7.4% were found to be positive, most having previous pregnancies. Only 1% were found to be positive in group 3, and no reason for presensitization was found. Results from the indirect immunofluorescence technique served as a control and as a means to compare the sensitivity. Under the conditions chosen, the peroxidase anti peroxidase test was two to eight times more sensitive than the immunofluorescence technique. Specificity of the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique was demonstrated using a monospecific anti-PLA1 antiserum. It is concluded that the peroxidase anti-peroxidase slide technique may be a useful tool in the study of platelet-related immunophenomena. PMID- 6986180 TI - Total lymphoid irradiation and cyclophosphamide as preparation for bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anemia. AB - A new combination of total lymphoid irradiation and cyclophosphamide was used prior to bone marrow transplantation in an attempt to achieve decreased rejection rates and graft-versus-host disease. Nine previously transfused patients with severe aplastic anemia received marrow from an HLA-identical, MLC-compatible sibling following this preparative regimen. There were no episodes of graft rejection, and only one patient developed graft-versus-host disease. Of the 9 patients, 7 (78%) are surviving with a median follow-up of 400 days. The excellent results of this pretransplant combination of total lymphoid irradiation and cyclophosphamide warrants application of this regimen to a larger series of patients. PMID- 6986182 TI - [Hans Nachtsheim dead]. PMID- 6986183 TI - Mini-pump: method of diabetic control during minor surgery under general anaesthesia. AB - A simple method for maintaining diabetic control during and after minor surgery requiring a general anaesthetic was studied in 20 insulin-treated diabetics. Long acting insulin was omitted on the night before the operation, and a mini-pump delivering insulin at a rate of 0.5 units/h was strapped to the arm early on the morning of the operation regardless of the time of operation. Insulin was infused at this rate throughout the day, the usual evening dose of insulin given and followed by supper, and the pump then stopped. In all 20 patients studied blood glucose concentrations fell steadily throughout the day. Hypoglycaemia did not occur. The mini-pump is simple to use and with the same standard insulin dose for all patients maintains satisfactory blood glucose concentrations throughout the day of operation. PMID- 6986181 TI - Proliferation activity and bacteriostatic potential of human blood monocytes, macrophages in pleural effusions, ascites, and of alveolar macrophages. AB - Human blood monocytes, macrophages from pleural effusions, ascites, and alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage were investigated. The proliferative activity of these cells was determined by the 3H-thymidine labeling index in vitro (3H-TDR L.I.). The bacteriostatic capacity was measured by the potential of the cells to block DNA-synthesis of proliferating Escherichia coli after phagocytosis. In most cases 3H-TDR L.I. of blood monocytes, macrophages from pleural effusions and ascites was less than 1%. However, macrophages of some patients with neoplastic diseases exhibited 3H-TDR L.I. between 4.0--9.6%. This probably reflected the action of factors, possibly lymphokines, which stimulated macrophage proliferation. In contrast, alveolar macrophages seemed to have almost totally lost their proliferative potential. The bacteriostatic capacity of blood monocytes proved to be significantly lower than that of macrophages. This demonstrates the functional immaturity of blood monocytes. In all type of macrophages investigated the bacteriostatic power was very high. No differences could be detected either between macrophages of different sources or between macrophages of benign, inflammatory, or malignant diseases. PMID- 6986184 TI - Evidence for existence of two types of massive obesity. AB - The responses of growth hormone, cortisol, and prolactin to symptomatic hypoglycaemia during an intravenous insulin tolerance test were measured in 20 massively obese subjects and six lean volunteers. In 11 subjects, who had been obese since early childhood, an impaired growth-hormone response and an absent prolactin response were found. In the nine other obese subjects, however, the growth-hormone and prolactin responses were not significantly impaired. Seven of these subjects had become obese either as a teenager or during adult life. These findings suggest the existence of two types of human obesity similar to those found in rodent models. In one the disorder of hypothalamic function may be due to a basic, possibly genetic abnormality, while in the other it is acquired. PMID- 6986185 TI - Bromocriptine in mania--a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. PMID- 6986186 TI - Acute central stimulation of luteinizing hormone by parenterally administered N methyl-D,L-aspartic acid in the male rat. AB - N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid (NMA), a potent neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic glutamic acid analogue, acutely elevated serum luteinizing hormone (LH) in male rats when given subcutaneously in doses below those that cause morphologically detectable hypothalamic neurotoxicity. NMA treatment in doses known to be subtoxic by morphological criteria fails to induce any permanent neuroendocrine dysfunction as assessed by several physiological parameters, including NMA responsiveness after multiple consecutive dosees spaced at 24 h intervals, subsequent basal LH levels and subsequent postcastration LH elevations. Like naloxone, NMA elevates serum LH by reversibly stimulating a central labile pool. Neither has a direct stimulatory effect on the pituitary in vitro. Treatment with either attenuates naloxone-induced LH stimulation 2 h, but not 14 days, later while pituitary responsiveness to LHRH in vivo remains unaltered. Neither NMA nor naloxone is dependent upon testosterone for its LH stimulatory action and both increase serum LH through physiological mechanisms responsive to testosterone inhibition. It is concluded that subtoxic LH stimulating doses of NMA provide a useful tool in discerning neurotransmitter systems involved in central control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. PMID- 6986187 TI - Lack of effect of a behaviorally active dose of cholecystokinin octapeptide upon aromatic amino acid levels in plasma and brain. PMID- 6986188 TI - Localization of noradrenergic terminals in sympathetic preganglionic nuclei of the rat: demonstration by immunocytochemical localization of dopamine-beta hydroxylase. AB - The noradrenergic (NE) innervation to sympathetic preganglionic nuclei in the rat thoracic cord was studied by immunocytochemical localization of dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DBH), a specific NE antigen. DBH antisera was prepared against DBH purified from bovine adrenal medulla. The most intense immunoreaction was observed within the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the spinal cord, the major sympathetic preganglionic nucleus in mammals. DBH was also localized in both the central autonomic and intercalated nuclei, cell groups known to contain sympathetic preganglionic visceral motor neurons. Two weeks following a midthoracic spinal transection, DBH immunoreactivity was no longer observed caudal to the lesion. Thus, the cells of origin of these noradrenergic terminals are supraspinal. Following a midthoracic hemisection DBH, immunoreactivity was similarly reduced in both the ipsilateral and contralateral IML caudal to the lesion. Therefore, bulbospinal NE neurons project bilaterally to sympathetic preganglionic nuclei. PMID- 6986190 TI - Computer-aided instruction as a part of an undergraduate programme in anaesthesia. AB - Medical students should learn certain facts and comprehension of these facts during an elective month spent in a Department of Anaesthesia. This enables them to make the most of the tutorial situation in which they work with clinical anaesthetists. Pre- and post-elective multiple choice questions were used to test the efficacy of computer based non-linear programmes of multiple choice questions and explanations in adding to the students' knowledge. They were associated with an improvement in student performance and were acceptable to students and instructors. However, computer based instruction should only be used to improve certain learning situations and should not be employed as an alternative to interaction with physicians and patients. PMID- 6986191 TI - St. Rene: the Patron Saint of Anaesthetists and a Patron Saint of Canada. AB - Rene Goupil, the Patron Saint of Anaesthetists, and a Patron Saint of Canada, was born in Angers, France in 1608 and studied surgery. He joined the Jesuits as a donne or volunteer worker in 1640 and served in the then tiny colony of Quebec as one of the first medical workers of Canada. After earning meritorious praise for his skills, he again volunteered to attend the Hurons at Sainte Marie, a mission far beyond the frontiers. Rene's canoe party was ambushed. He was captured by the Mohawks and endured eight weeks of cruel torture before being killed on September 29, 1642. Rene was the first of eight North American martyrs whose dedication was recognized by canonization in 1930. St. Rene was appointed Patron Saint of Anaesthetists in 1951. PMID- 6986189 TI - Experimental evaluation of local anaesthetic solutions using rat infraorbital nerve block. AB - The analgesic effectiveness of various local anaesthetic solutions was measured in the distribution of the infraorbital nerve of the rat. Using Sprague-Dawley rats sedated with phenobarbitone 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally and a simple stereotactic technique, 0.2 ml of solution was deposited at the infraorbital notch. The onset and duration of analgesia were ascertained by timing the unilateral absence of aversive response to pinching the upper lip, tested at intervals of five minutes. The experiments were performed with coded solutions, the entire code being preserved intact until completion of the study. Solutions were tested on sets of eight animals weighing 500--600 g. The average duration (minutes +/- S.D.) of analgesia produced by the respective injectates was as follows: Lidocaine 0.5% -42+/-12 Lidocaine 1.0% -47+/-10 Mepivacaine 0.5% -58+/ 13 Mepivacaine 1.0% -78+/-23 Procaine 0.5% -0+/-0 Procaine 1.0% -34+/-10 Procaine 1.5% -46+/-13 2-Chloroprocaine 1.5% -38+/-9 Bupivacaine 0.5% -100+/-40 Etidocaine 1.0% -59+/-25 Tetracaine 0.2% -0+/-0 Tetracaine 0.3% -0+/-0 Comparison with other animal models used to evaluate conduction block indicates that this technique affords an improved, standardized and reliable experimental guide to the clinical analgesic properties of local anaesthetic agents. PMID- 6986192 TI - Dental health status survey of Manitoba children. PMID- 6986193 TI - Ontario dental health survey-1978. PMID- 6986194 TI - Principal dental health indices for 13-14 year old Quebec children. PMID- 6986195 TI - Dental surveys. PMID- 6986197 TI - Dental health status of Alberta schoolchildren. PMID- 6986196 TI - Lt. Col. H.S. Wood new director. PMID- 6986201 TI - Biofeedback--does it work? PMID- 6986200 TI - Malignant lymphoma with primary manifestation in the gonad: a clinicopathologic study of 38 patients. AB - This study is based on 38 patients, each of whom had a malignant lymphoma in which the gonad was the site of the main tumor mass at the time of diagnosis. Histiocytic lymphoma was the predominant type in the 27 male patients; in the 11 female patients, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma was the most frequent type (36%). All of the neoplasms in the males were diffuse, whereas two of the females had neoplasms that were nodular and diffuse. A striking feature was the high frequency of vascular invasion (41%) in the testicular lymphomas, which was reflected in a high incidence (86%) of noncontiguous lung involvement at autopsy, suggesting hematogenous spread. Clinically occult disease is probably responsible for the short interval between the discovery of a gonadal mass and the appearance of generalized disease. A poor prognosis may be expected if there is evidence of generalized disease within one year after diagnosis. Only 2 patients had disseminated disease after a year, whereas all those who died of disseminated disease manifested it within six months after diagnosis. Disease-freee survival times in excess of 60 months in 3 patients who were treated only by orchiectomy or oophorectomy indicate that the gonads may be the primary site of a malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6986202 TI - Relaxation with guided imagery: a useful technique. PMID- 6986199 TI - CNS involvement in the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Instances of central nervous system (CNS) lymphomatous involvement occurring amongst 592 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) seen between 1967 and 1977 were reviewed. Lymphomatous complications of the CNS were found in 52 patients (9%): 24 with meningeal lymphoma, 20 with epidural compression and 8 with intracerebral lymphoma. Intracerebral lymphoma presented clinically as large parenchymal deposits of tumor unrelated to leptomeningeal disease. Ninety-eight percent (50/52) of all patients had a diffuse histologic subtype and 82% (42/52) had either histiocytic or diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. Bone marrow involvement was an additional determinant of risk and aided in the selection of patients for possible CNS prophylaxis. Either meningeal or intracerebral lymphoma developed in 35% (6/17) of patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and positive bone marrow biopsies. This subgroup was particularly felt to warrant CNS prophylaxis. Further diagnostic and therapeutic management regarding CNS involvement in NHL is discussed. PMID- 6986198 TI - Immune complexes in children with leukemia: relationship to disease characteristics and to antibody response to Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) in patients receiving BCG immunotherapy. PMID- 6986204 TI - Purified human immune interferon has more potent anticellular activity than fibroblast or leukocyte interferon. PMID- 6986203 TI - The enhancement of humoral and cellular immune responses by dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide. PMID- 6986206 TI - [On the 50th birthday of Dr. Milulas Filip]. PMID- 6986205 TI - Transfer of cell-mediated hyperacute rejection reaction. The role of active sensitization. PMID- 6986207 TI - [3 physicians from Olomouc, pioneers of ideas about a new type of health care system at the end of the last century and the beginning of this one]. PMID- 6986208 TI - pH dependence of the phototoxic and photomutagenic effects of chlorpromazine. AB - The pH dependence of the phototoxic effects of chloropromazine (CPZ) in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Chinese hamster cells were studied at pH 6--8. All three biological systems displayed higher photosensitization of the drug at lower pH-values. In S. typhimurium the combined action of drug and light also showed mutagenic activity which correlated with toxicity when exposed at pH 7 or 8. When solutions of protein or DNA and CPZ were exposed to near ultraviolet (UV) light, the drug became covalently attached to the macromolecules. This binding was pH dependent but did not correlate with the effects in vivo. It was found however that the permeability of the cells to the drug was enhanced at lower pH-values. It is suggested that the enhanced entrance of CPZ at lower pH-values into the cells facilitated the drug binding to DNA, RNA and proteins within the cells upon light exposure, and that this is the basis for the enhanced phototoxicity and mutagenicity of CPZ. PMID- 6986209 TI - Vasodilators in congestive heart failure. PMID- 6986211 TI - Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of three antiarrhythmic drugs: disopyramide, lidocaine, and quinidine. AB - We report a common methodology for determining three antiarrhythmic drugs: disopyramide, lidocaine, and quinidine. Alkalinized serum and internal standard (p-chlorodisopyramide) are extracted into dichloromethane, the organic phase is evaporated, and the redissolved residue is injected onto a reversed-phase column (micron Bondapack C18). Quantitation is via peak-height ratios of analyte vs internal standard (as detected at 205 nm) referenced to a serum-based multiple drug standard. A mobile phase of 30 mmol/L phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (72/28 by vol) is used. These conditions yiel; optimum separation and band symmetry for the analytes and some of their metabolites. Crucial factors in this simultaneous assay include pH of the mobile phase and injected solution, extraction time, and evaporation technique. Day-to-day precision (CV) for all drugs was less than 5%, and correlation with other assay techniques for each drug is reported. The method enables more efficient use of personnel and instrumentation without sacrificing analytical quality. PMID- 6986210 TI - Nutritional importance of copper and zinc in neonates and infants. PMID- 6986212 TI - Isolation and characterization of a human pancreas-specific protein. AB - Homogenates of human pancreas in saline were centrifuged at 27 000 X g and the supernates were fractionated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gels were divided into sections and each section was injected into rabbits; after absorption with polymerized serum from apparently normal humans, the antiserum obtained by injecting one of the sections was tested against a variety of human tissue extracts but reacted only with saline extracts of human pancreas. The absorbed antiserum, polymerized and made insoluble with glutaraldehyde, was used to purify a pancreas-specific antigen by immunoaffinity batch technique. The purified antigen proved to be a protein with some carbohydrate content (180 mg/g by weight) and a molecular mass of about 2.25 X 10(5) daltons. The antigen is relatively thermostable, and precipitates in the range of 245.64-340.2 g/L saturated ammonium sulfate; its antigenic activity is not affected by incubation with ribonuclease or deoxyribonuclease, but is destroyed by incubation with trypsin or neuraminidase and by extraction with perchloric acid. Immunofluorescence studies show that the antigen is diffusely present in the cytoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells. PMID- 6986213 TI - Adaptation of the enzyme-multiplied immunoassay for methotrexate to the centrifugal analyzer. AB - We adapted the homogeneous enzyme-multiplied immunoassay for methotrexate to the centrifugal analyzer. The sensitivity of the assay has been extended from 200 nmol/L down to 12.5 nmol/L. Several protocols may be followed, depending on whether the samples to be tested are from patients on low- or high-dose methotrexate regimens. Precision, accuracy, and sensitivity were satisfactory. Comparison with the enzymic-inhibition method (x) gave the following least squares regression: y = 1.002 x - 0.013 mumol/L; r2 = 0.9721; Sy/x = 0.014 mumol/L. PMID- 6986214 TI - Ferritin, transferrin, and iron: relations in serum. PMID- 6986216 TI - Renal disease may increase apparent phenytoin in serum as measured by enzyme multiplied immunoassay. PMID- 6986215 TI - Renal disease may increase apparent phenytoin in serum as measured by enzyme multiplied immunoassay. PMID- 6986217 TI - A sensitive colorimetric assay for human urinary kallikrein. AB - L-Prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine-alpha-naphthylester (Pro-Phe-Arg-NE) was synthesized as a new substrate for use in the assay of kallikreins. An assay was developed based on the colorimetric determination of alpha-naphthol released by the enzyme reaction. With Pro-Phe-Arg--NE as substrate, the minimum detectable concentration of human urinary kallikrein, was about 0.001 KU. Thus use of Pro Phe-Arg-NE provides a highly sensitive method for detection of human urinary kallikrein. Kallikrein could be determined with a 25-microliter sample of human urine. Zymograms of human urinary kallikrein were prepared using Pro-Phe-Arg-NE as substrate. Six bands were separated by polyacrylamide disc gel isoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6986218 TI - Myeloma immunoglobulin interferes with serum thyroxine analysis by homogeneous enzyme immunoassay. AB - Myeloma immunoglobulin paraproteins interfere with a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) for serum thyroxine. The EMIT assay failed to detect any hormone in three hyperproteinemic sera from multiple myeloma patients, although thyroxine in these sera was accurately measured by our competitive protein binding radio-assay on small, re-usable Sephadex columns. The interference was due to turbidity of the paraproteins in the EMIT reaction mixture, resulting in an increased absorbance and a marked underestimation of hormone concentration. Thyroxine was detected (82 to 107% recovery) by the EMIT assay in ethanol extracts of myeloma sera. With 82 other sera there was an excellent correlation (r = 0.985, slope = 0.912, Y intercept (EMIT) = 6.8) of the EMIT assay with our competitive radioassay. Thus, although the EMIT thyroxine assay possesses many desirable features and it is an attractive alternative method to competitive radioassays, its susceptibility to interferences by immunoglobulin paraproteins is a troublesome liability. PMID- 6986219 TI - The immunohistology of glomerular antigens. IV. Laminin, a defined noncollagen basement membrane glycoprotein. PMID- 6986220 TI - The athymic nude rat. II. Immunological characteristics. PMID- 6986221 TI - Liver-spleen imaging in patients with subacute hepatic necrosis and chronic hepatitis. AB - Tc-99m-sulfur colloid reticuloendothelial images and percutaneous liver biopsies are correlated in 54 patients who presented with signs and symptoms of subacute hepatic necrosis or chronic active hepatitis. The scored Tc-99m-sulfur colloid scan is compared to the histological severity of disease. Serial scans and biopsies are compared. In patients with significant hepatocellular disease, the liver-spleen scan did not correlate well with the histological severity of disease. Changes in the spleen-to-liver ratio are more common than those in the liver or increased bone marrow activity, and appear earlier. In serial studies, changes in the Tc-99m-sulfur colloid scans correlate weakly with changes in histology. PMID- 6986222 TI - Lymphocutaneous fistula following renal transplantation. AB - A patient is described in whom the postoperative management after renal transplantation was complicated by a wound discharge. A radionuclide technique of solving the clinical dilemma is discussed, using scintilymphangiography and qualitative assays. PMID- 6986223 TI - Scan appearances in hydatid cysts of the liver: analysis of 55 cases. AB - Liver scans done at our Centre between 1964 and 1977 were analyzed with reference to hydatid cysts in liver. Among the approximately 7200 patients analyzed, there were 55 suspected to have hydatid cysts. The criteria adopted in screening the patients for hydatid cysts were based upon clinical findings and liver scan findings. The cases were analyzed with respect to their histologic findings, locations of cold areas in the liver, and correlation with Casoni's test. We found that 1) the cystic involvement was most often in the right lobe of the liver; 2) Casoni's test does not rule out or establish the presence of hydatidosis; 3) radioisotopic vascular studies done in some cases contributed to the diagnosis; 4) although a positive liver scan does not indicate the cause of the disease, the scans showing large and totally photon-deficient cold areas along with good general condition of the patients help in the diagnosis of hydatid cysts in the liver. PMID- 6986224 TI - Vasodepressor property of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (SQ 14 225): the role of factors other than renin-angiotensin blockade in the rat. AB - 1. The peptide converting enzyme inhibitor captopril was given (1.25 mg/kg intravenously) to normal and nephrectomized rats and rats with renovascular and deoxycorticosterone hypertension. 2. Captopril lowered blood pressure to a small extent in normal and nephrectomized rats. Bradykinin infusion in nephrectomized animals, however, potentiated the vasodepressor action of captopril. 3. Captopril produced a major blood pressure fall in the early stages of Goldblatt two-kidney one-clip hypertension: even when hypertension had been present for more than 4 months, a substantial vasodepressor action was seen. Rats with deoxycorticosterone-induced hypertension also showed a significant blood pressure fall. 4. Captopril was given to salt-loaded and salt-depleted rats in which the renin-angiotensin system had been blocked by infusion of the competitive angiotensin II antagonist saralasin. Captopril still lowered blood pressure in the salt-depleted group. 5. Captopril lowers blood pressure in situations where the renin-angiotensin system is not responsible for blood pressure maintenance. Further, the fall in blood pressure produced in Goldblatt two-kidney one-clip hypertension is greater than would be predicted on the basis of renin-angiotensin blockade. It is likely therefore that captopril lowers blood pressure by an action additional to angiotensin blockade. Bradykinin potentiation is one possible mechanism by which this may take place. PMID- 6986225 TI - Response of chronic renovascular hypertension to surgical correction or prolonged blockade of the renin-angiotensin system by two inhibitors in the rat. AB - 1. Removal of the renal artery constriction but not of the clipped kidney restored the blood pressure to normal levels in Goldblatt two-kidney rats with hypertension of more than 4 months' duration. 2. Despite the differences in blood pressure response, both surgical procedures lowered plasma renin concentration to normal or below normal values. 3. Administration of the oral converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 14 225 produced a marked fall in blood pressure in Goldblatt kidney rats with chronic hypertension. However, a prolonged infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist saralasin was quite ineffective. The difference in response to the two inhibitors may have been due to bradykinin potentiation by the converting enzyme inhibitor. 4. Although plasma renin is often elevated in Goldblatt two kidney rats with hypertension of more than 4 months' duration, the renin angiotensin system plays no role in the maintenance of blood pressure at this stage. PMID- 6986226 TI - The effect of mineralocorticoid administration on urine free dopamine in man. AB - 1. Five normal subjects were studied under metabolic conditions on a controlled sodium and potassium intake. 2. Plasma and urine free dopamine concentrations were measured in these subjects before, during and after 5 days administration of fludrocortisone (0.2 mg twice daily). 3. Urine free dopamine showed a tendency to fall during the early phase of fludrocortisone administration and then rose towards normal. 4. In a patient with primary hyperaldosteronism there was no evidence of increased renal production of dopamine. Urine dopamine fell when plasma renin activity rose as a result of spironolactone administration (200 mg three times a day for 5 days). 5. If renal dopamine has a role in mineralocorticoid 'escape' then it may be permissive only. The mechanisms of control of dopamine production could include tubular sodium concentration, tubular chloride concentration and intrarenal renin activity. PMID- 6986227 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3: key components of the vitamin D endocrine system. PMID- 6986230 TI - Shock lung...on the rise. PMID- 6986229 TI - Hemodialysis patients with a unique mineralizing defect unresponsive to 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. Dialysis osteomalacic syndrome. AB - 5 patients are described who developed severe osteomalacia with spontaneous fractures after 2-4 years on dialysis. Phosphate control, vitamin D2 therapy and parathyroidectomy were ineffective. These individuals showed a hypercalcemic tendency but little histologic or radiographic evidence of osteitis fibrosa. After parathyroidectomy, the hypercalcemic tendency remained and bone biopsy revealed gross osteomalacia. A 6- to 12-month therapeutic trial with 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25[OH]2D3) in 3 did not arrest skeletal deterioration. 4 subsequently developed dialysis encephalopathy. These patients appear to have a unique mineralizing defect unresponsive to 1,25(OH)2D3. This "dialysis osteomalacic syndrome" may result from toxic substances associated with uremia or the hemodialysis regimen. PMID- 6986228 TI - Interactions between treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 and glucocorticoids in uremic patients after kidney transplantation. AB - 3 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and receiving 1,25(OH)2D3 for osteomalacic bone disease received cadaveric kidney grafts and concomitant glucocorticoid therapy. The administration of pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids increased the dosage of 1,25(OH)2D3 needed to maintain a normal serum calcium level 7- to 10-fold in 2 patients whose renal grafts failed to function, but there was no decrease in sensitivity to 1,25(OH)2D3 in 1 patient whose renal graft functioned normally. These data suggest that steroids given to a uremic patient may block certain effects normally produced by 1,25(OH)2D3. An end-organ defect due to the combined effects of steroids and uremia is possible. PMID- 6986231 TI - Use of volume loading to obtain preferred levels of PEEP. A preliminary study. AB - Hemodynamic and oxygen transport measurements were made with successive increments of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in 14 episodes of ARDS in 11 patients who had normal or slightly increased blood volumes. "Preferred" or optimal PEEP was defined as the PEEP value associated with the greatest VO2 that did not compromise pulmonary function as determined by shunting (Qs/Qt). The preferred PEEP averaged 10.7 +/- 2.7 (SD) cm H2O in the patients who had appreciable reduction in cardiac index (CI) by the time this level of PEEP was reached. In 6 patients, the CI fell approximately 15%; then albumin, 25 g, was given. This restored CI, improved oxygen transport, and permitted us to give additional 10-15 cm H2O of PEEP, i.e., until 20--25 cm H2O was reached; this was achieved without hemodynamic impairment. The final preferred PEEP in these patients averaged 14.1 +/- 3.6 (SD) cm H2O. The authors conclude that the titration of PEEP as well as fluid therapy may be used to maximize VO2 in patients with early shock lung. PMID- 6986232 TI - Influence of varying inspired oxygen tensions on the pulmonary venous admixture (shunt) of mechanically ventilated patients. AB - Pulmonary venous admixture (shunt) was measured in 10 mechanically ventilated patients with respiratory failure at varying oxygen tensions. All patients manifested a drop in pulmonary shunt as FIO2 was increased from 0.21 to 0.4. Further increase in FIO2 led to a gradual increase in the calculated venous admixture. The clinical significance of the conventional measurements of pulmonary shunt at FIO2 = 1.0 is questionable because of the marked effect of FIO2 on pulmonary shunt. Consequently, shunt measurements should be performed with the clinically useful FIO2. PMID- 6986234 TI - Bone marrow transplantation--aplastic anemia. PMID- 6986233 TI - Adrenal neoplasms. PMID- 6986235 TI - Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes. AB - The cutaneous signs of diabetes have been reviewed in the past. This review shpeds new light on old associations. Some skin signs of diabetes are questioned and additional cutaneous manifestations of diabetes are described herein. PMID- 6986236 TI - Clocortolone pivalate: a paired comparison clinical trial of a new topical steroid in eczema/atopic dermatitis. AB - One hundred patients with eczema/atopic dermatitis were treated in a double blind, paired-comparison fashion with clocortolone pivalate 0.1 percent cream and the placebo cream base. Results with the active agent were statistically significantly superior in all objective and subjective rating parameters. No adverse reactions were observed and patient acceptance of both test medications was excellent. Discussions of paired-comparison methodology and placebo response are included herein. PMID- 6986237 TI - Changes in intrapulmonary shunting with administration of 100 percent oxygen. AB - The effects of increasing the fractional concentration of oxygen in the inspired gas to 1.0 on intrapulmonary shunting (Qsp) was evaluated in 82 intubated cardiovascularly stable patients in intensive care, regardless of airway pressure therapy or preexistent pulmonary pathologic abnormalities. Intrapulmonary shunting following administration of 100 percent oxygen increased in 132 of 140 measurements, decreased in seven, and remained unchanged in one measurement. The direction of change of Qsp with 100 percent oxygen shows no correlation with either airway pressure therapy or preexisting pulmonary disease. PMID- 6986238 TI - Cardiopulmonary effects of terbutaline and a bronchodilator combination in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6986239 TI - Technique for closure of myelomeningocele. AB - Closure of a myelomeningocele should be based on an understanding of the altered anatomy. Reconstruction of the defect, including the form of the spinal cord, is dependent on this understanding. Assuming the exposed neural plaque is potentially functional tissue is the principle reason for preserving all neural tissue and for anatomical reconstruction of the spinal cord. Closure of the central canal of the spinal cord and suspension of neural tissue in a pia arachnoid lined CSF compartment establishes a more normal microenvironment. It is hoped that this closure will prevent adhesion of neural elements to the closure and subsequent tethering of the spinal cord later in the child's life. PMID- 6986240 TI - Endoscopic evaluation of the effect of sucralfate therapy and other clinical parameters on the recurrence rate of gastric ulcers. AB - A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted to determine (a) whether basic aluminum sucrose sulfate (sucralfate) is effective in preventing or reducing gastric ulcer recurrence, and (b) the clinical parameters contributing to ulcer recurrence after endoscopically proved healing has been effected. A total of 167 patients were assigned on a random basis to either of two treatment groups, control (aluminum hydroxide and magnesium oxide) or sucralfate, and given these medications for 6 months. At the end of this period all medication was withdrawn from both groups and the patients were followed for an additional 12 months. Each patient was examined endoscopically at bimonthly intervals throughout the 18-month observation period. Treatment (sucralfate), ulcer history, size of previous ulcer(s), prestudy healing time, and prestudy healing stage attained (red or white scarring) were associated with a significant reduction in recurrence rate. Ulcer recurrence was markedly reduced in sucralfate patients as compared to control when the pretreatment ulcers had healed slowly (P less than 0.001). PMID- 6986241 TI - Oral cholelitholysis--cheno versus urso: Japanese experience. AB - The present status of the use of cholelitholytic agents in Japan is presented. Open and double-blind studies of chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid are compared with respect to their efficacy and safety. Although the in vitro solubilization of cholesterol with ursodeoxycholic acid seems to be less than with chenodeoxycholic acid, the higher dose of ursodeoxycholic acid which can be used because of the lack of side effects such as diarrhea and elevation of transaminases and a lower lithogenic index of bile obtainable favors ursodeoxycholic acid as an oral cholelitholytic agent at the moment. PMID- 6986244 TI - [Regulatory locus controlling the autonomous expression of the structural genes drm and pup in the structure of the deo operon of Escherichia coli K-12]. PMID- 6986242 TI - Relapse rate of duodenal ulcer after cessation of long-term cimetidine treatment: a double-blind controlled study. AB - Patients with a healed duodenal ulcer and who were symptom-free following 12 months of maintenance treatment with cimetidine 400 mg twice daily were randomized double-blind to a further 6 months therapy with either cimetidine 400 mg twice daily or placebo 2 tablets twice daily. Twenty-six patients received placebo and 15 patients cimetidine. Relapse was defined as symptoms for 3 out of 7 consecutive days and ulcer recurrence was confirmed by independent endoscopy. One of 15 patients on cimetidine relapsed: 20 of 26 patients on placebo relapsed. This relapse rate (77%) is similar to that found in previous studies after only 6 weeks cimetidine therapy (71%). This study suggests that 12 months cimetidine does not change the tendency of duodenal ulcer to recur and that the relapse rate is no greater than after 6 weeks cimetidine. PMID- 6986245 TI - [Origin of the proteases associated with the matrix protein of entomopathogenic viruses]. PMID- 6986243 TI - Cimetidine in acute gastric mucosal bleeding: results of a double-blind randomized trial. AB - The hemostatic effect of cimetidine has been investigated in a double-blind, randomized trial in patients bleeding from acute mucosal lesions. During a 48-hr period, hemostasis was achieved in 5 of 15 patients (33%) treated with intravenous cimetidine administered with antacid therapy and in four of 12 patients (33%) treated with antacids alone. In a second stage of the trial, the effect of oral cimetidine in preventing further bleeding was investigated. Bleeding did not recur in 18 patients receiving cimetidine and antacids while 6 out of 20 patients who were given antacids alone suffered further hemorrhage during the 14-day period of the study. It is concluded that intravenous cimetidine administered with antacids was not found more effective in obtaining hemostasis than antacids alone. When given orally to patients who had been bleeding from acute lesions but were not doing so at the beginning of treatment, cimetidine with antacids is more effective than antacids alone in the prevention of further bleeding. PMID- 6986246 TI - Alcohol withdrawal: delayed distribution of intubated ethanol in rats having seizures. AB - Tail blood ethanol levels two hours after acute oral administration of ethanol to rats during withdrawal from chronic ethanol feeding were much lower in rats with previous seizures than in non-convulsing rats. Since ethanol elimination rates were similar, this suggests that in the convulsive state the distribution of ethanol to the periphery is severely inhibited. PMID- 6986247 TI - Methadone use in patients with chronic renal disease. AB - Methadone disposition was studied in three patients receiving chronic methadone treatment and having chronic renal disease: one oliguric patient during peritoneal dialysis, one anuric patient on hemodialysis, and one patient following renal transplantation. In all three patients plasma levels of methadone remained within the desired therapeutic range (0.09--0.68 microgram/ml) for the doses received (40-50 mg/day). Elimination of methadone and its metabolites was almost exclusively by the fecal route in the anuric patient. Less than 1% of the daily dose was removed by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. There was no laboratory or clinical evidence for accumulation of either methadone or its metabolites, suggesting that methadone is an appropriate narcotic to use in patients with renal disease. PMID- 6986248 TI - Timolol eyedrops (Timoptol) for glaucoma. PMID- 6986249 TI - Ketotifen for asthma. PMID- 6986250 TI - [Candida in feces]. PMID- 6986252 TI - [Fibrinolytic therapy of deep venous thrombosis. Streptokinase, urokinase, plasminogen substitution]. PMID- 6986251 TI - [Budd-Chiari syndrome during treatment with dacarbazine (DTIC) (author's transl)]. AB - Adjuvant chemo- and immuno-therapy with dacarbazine (1st to 5th day 250 mg/m2 daily) and BCG (6th day 0.01 ml intracutaneously)was administered to a 50-year old male patient in a three-week cycle after surgical removal of a superficially spreading malignant melanoma. Metoclopramide was used as an antiemetic. During the second therapy cycle sudden severe vascular collapse with increasing hepatomegaly and signs of acute hepatic failure occurred leading to death after two days. At necropsy a Budd-Chiari syndrome with thombosed hepatic veins and congestive liver parenchyma necroses was found. The cause was hyperergic endophlebitis combined with severe infiltration of the vascular walls by eosinophilic granulocytes. In association with 5 more similar cases from other clinics (personal communications) this picture must be assumed to be a complication of dacarbazine treatment. PMID- 6986253 TI - [Genetic counseling in schizophrenia]. PMID- 6986254 TI - Influence of ovarian steroids on pituitary sensitivity to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the ovariectomized guinea pig. PMID- 6986255 TI - Priming of estrous responsiveness by implants of 17 beta-estradiol in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of female rats. AB - In an attempt to obtain a more precise localization of the neural target site(s) of estrogen-priming action in the activation of estrous behavior, 30-gauge cannulae containing a preparation of 17 beta-estradiol diluted 1:250 with cholesterol were implanted bilaterally into the brains of ovariectomized rats. Subjects were tested for sexual behavior with intact males at 4-day intervals for 3 weeks beginning 2-3 days after stereotaxic surgery. Animals received a systemic injection of 0.5 mg progesterone 4-6 h before all but 1 test. After this treatment, estrous behavior was observed in 19 of the 20 animals judged to have both cannulae resting in or within 0.25 mm of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN). Virtually no estrous behavior was observed without the administration of progesterone. Behavioral scores decreased as a function of the distance of the cannulae tips from the VMN. Cholesterol implants in the same region (n = 8) were without effect. Implants in other regions of the brain (e.g. preoptic area, diagonal band of Broca, lateral habenula, amygdala, or cortex; n = 52) were ineffective. These results indicate that estrogenic stimulation of the region of the VMN alone is sufficient to prime the activation of estrous behavior in the ovariectomized rat. PMID- 6986256 TI - Effect of corticosterone on insulin and glucagon secretion by the isolated perfused rat pancreas. AB - The in vitro effect of corticosterone in insulin and glucagon secretion has been examined in the isolated perfused rat pancreas preparation. COrticosterone at physiological concentrations was found to inhibit acutely and strongly the secretion of insulin induced by both glucose and arginine and to potentiate the output of glucagon in a glucose-free medium or when induced by arginine. Phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, diminished the strong inhibitory effect of corticosterone on insulin secretion. The present results demonstrate that corticosterone has direct effects on pancreatic islet cells, and they suggest that the inhibition of insulin secretion is to some extent related to the alpha-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 6986257 TI - Temporal serum concentrations of growth hormone, thyrotropin, insulin, and glucagon in sheep immunized against somatostatin. PMID- 6986258 TI - Binding and degradation of insulin by isolated renal cortical tubules. PMID- 6986259 TI - On the inhibitory effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs. AB - A detailed study of the activity of LHRH analog antagonists has been made in four assay systems which measure inhibition of the action of LHRH on isolated rat pituitaries in vitro, inhibition of the release of the LH induced by LHRH in vivo in adult male rats and adult male chimpanzees, and inhibition of spontaneous ovulation in cycling female rats. Only a partial correlation was observed between the in vitro and in vivo assays. Currently, the most potent LHRH analog antagonists in the present study were based on a 1,2,3,6-tetra-substituted LHRH sequence. The analogs [D less than Glu1,DPhe2,DTrp3,DTrp6]-LHRH, Ac [Pro1,DPhe2,DTrp3,DTrp6]LHRH and [(Glu-Pro)1, dphe2,DTrp3,DTrp6]LHRH completely inhibited spontaneous ovulation in cycling rats at a dosage of 200 microgram/rat, sc. The most potent inhibitors of ovulation were always very potent in vitro, but other analogs having identical in vitro activities had little or no antiovulatory activity even at substantially higher dosages. The analogs inhibited the action of LHRH in the rat more easily than in the chimpanzee. Twelve of 13 analogs at the analog to LHRH ratio of 100:1 significantly inhibited the LH response, while only 5 of 9 of these same analogs inhibited the LH response in the chimpanzee at the analog to LHRH ratio of 333:1. Only 1 of 8 analogs at a high dosage inhibited the binding of labeled LH to the gonadal LH receptor in vitro. The inability of the less polar (cyclopentane carboxylic acid) analogs to inhibit ovulation could be explained, at least partially, in terms of impaired absorption sc. Although the cyclopentane carboxylic acid analogs effectively inhibited the action of LHRH in vitro and, when given iv in vivo, they were not effective in blocking the LHRH stimulated LH response in adult male rats when given sc, which is the mode of administration of the antiovulatory assay, suggesting the importance of the route of administration. PMID- 6986260 TI - Comparative aspects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone structure and function in vertebrate phylogeny. AB - Immunoreactive LHRH was detected in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic brain extracts of the rat, bird (pigeon and chicken), reptile (tortoise and lizard), amphibian (frog and toad), teleost (cichid), and elasmobranch (dogfish) and in the whole brain of the cyclostome (bagfish). The concentration of hypothalamic immunoreactive LHRH was more than 5-fold greater than that of the extrahypothalamic brain. Mammalian and amphibian hypothalamic immunoreactive LHRH yielded displacement curves parallel to those of synthetic LHRH in assays employing four antisera which recognize different regions of the decapeptide, thus suggesting a similarity in the structure of their LHRH. Hypothalamic immunoreactive LHRH from the bird, reptile, teleost, and elasmobranch differed from the mammalian and amphibian peptide in yielding displacement curves nonparallel to those of synthetic LHRH with three different antisera (1076, 743, and 744) which bind between Trp3 and Pro9 of LHRH. The differenece in structure appears to be near Leu7. With antiserum 422 which binds the NH2- and CO2H- termini of LHRH, bird, reptile, and teleost hypothalamic extracts yielded displacement curves parallel to that of synthetic LHRH. Bird, reptile, and teleost hypothalamic extracts showed displacement curves parallel to each other in all assays. In studies on the relative quantitation of LHRH, all four antisera gave similar values of immunoreactive LHRH concentration in mammalian hypothalamic extracts and in amphibian hypothalamic extracts. By contrast, assay of bird, reptile, teleost, and elasmobranch hypothalamic extracts with antiserum 422 gave much higher values than did the other antisera, suggesting that the LHRH peptide is structurally different from mammalian and amphibian LHRH in the region of Leu7 but similar at the NH2- and CO2H-termini. These conclusions are supported by studies on the biological activity of hypothalamic LHRH from the different species using dispersed ovine anterior pituitary cells in culture. The LH release responses to equivalent amounts of immunoreactive LHRH (as measured by antiserum 422 which binds a region of LHRH essential for biological activity) from the various species were similar, indicating that the biologically active region of the molecule has been conserved in evolution. Structural differences in vertebrate hypothalamic immunoreactive LHRH were confirmed by cation exchange and high pressure liquid chromatography. Our findings of differences and similarities in vertebrate LHRH support a contemporary phylogenetic scheme. PMID- 6986261 TI - Differential control of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion by androgens in rat pituitary cells in culture: functional diversity of subpopulations separated by unit gravity sedimentation. PMID- 6986262 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. XXXIX. Long term effects of K+ deprivation upon insulin biosynthesis and release. AB - A decrease in the extracellular concentration of K+ provokes a dose-related, progressive, and persistent inhibition of insulin release evoked by high concentrations of glucose or alpha-ketoisocaproate. The biosynthesis of proinsulin and other peptides is severely decreased in the K+-deprived islets. The functional situation found in the K+-deprived islets can be mimicked, to a limited extent, by exposing the islets to inhibitors of protein biosynthesis and is reminiscent of that found in glucose-deprived islets. It is postulated that the intracellular concentration of K+ in islet cells participates in the long term regulation of insulin release by glucose. PMID- 6986263 TI - The characterization of catecholamine stimulation of glucose transport by rat adipocytes and isolated plasma membranes. PMID- 6986264 TI - The effect of an antiserum to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on the progesterone-induced luteinizing hormone surge in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats. AB - A rabbit antiserum to synthetic LHRH was shown to be specific to rat hypothalamic LHRH, as revealed by binding studies (RIA). The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of this antiserum (LHRH-AS) on the progesterone-induced LH surge in ovariectomized rats primed with estrogen on the proestrous LH surge in cycling females. An ip injection of 0.2 ml LHRH-AS at 1200 h on proestrus completely inhibited the preovulatory rise in serum LH from 1700-1800 h. In long term ovariectomized rats, a sc injection of estradiol benzoate reduced serum LH levels by 50% at 1200 h on the third day. Subsequent administration of progesterone elicited a LH surge, with peak LH value 4-6 h after progesterone. However, concurrent administration of LHRH-AS effectively prevented the increase in LH release by progesterone, and an iv injection of LHRH-AS was shown to be more effective than ip administration in inhibiting the progesterone stimulation of LH release. Although estrogen and progesterone may induce a change in pituitary responsiveness to hypothalamic LHRH in ovariectomized rats, the present study provides evidence that tonic and/or increased LHRH release is required for the acute increase in LH release caused by progesterone. PMID- 6986265 TI - Hormone responsiveness of a transplantable rat chondrosarcoma. I. In vitro effects of growth hormone-dependent serum factors and insulin. AB - Serum somatomedins and insulin stimulate transport processes and macromolecular synthesis in cartilage. The in vitro effects of serum somatomedins and insulin on amino acid transport and macromolecule synthesis in the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma were studied to determine if malignant transformation alters the responsiveness of chondrocytes to these factors. Amino acid transport was assessed by alpha aminoisobutyrate uptake. Macromolecule synthesis was estimated by radiolabeled precursor incorporation into RNA, total proteins, and proteoglycan. Serum from normal rats and GH-treated hypophysectomized rats stimulates alpha aminoisobutyrate uptake and macromolecule synthesis in the rat chondrosarcoma. Hypophysectomized rat serum stimulates these events marginally or not at all. Thus, the chondrosarcoma responds in vitro to GH-dependent serum factors. Additionally, insulin stimulates in vitro amino acid transport and macromolecule synthesis in the rat chondrosarcoma. These data demonstrate that, in vitro, the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma is a hormone-responsive tumor. PMID- 6986266 TI - Thin needle percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography - historical review. AB - In this review, the historical background of the development of the thin needle technique for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is described. History goes back to 1921 when cholangiography was first attempted via the gallbladder in Germany. Despite the subsequent progress, frequent bile leakage necessitated a turn to the transhepatic technique which was vastly improved by the introduction of the TV monitoring system. Finally, the development and refinement of the technique for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography which occurred mainly in Japan, particularly at the Chiba University Hospital, first in the hands of surgeons and then internists, is detailed with references. PMID- 6986267 TI - Defective phagocytosis confined to Staphylococcus aureus in a female infant with recurrent infections. AB - Defective chemotaxis and phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus was identified in a female infant with marked hepatosplenomegaly and recurrent infections. Neutrophil mobilization from the marrow and marginal pool; random mobility; phagocytosis of yeast particles, latex beads and carbon particles; phagocytosis and intracellular killing capacity of Streptococcus pyogenes and E. coli; and NBT dye reduction were normal. Infiltration of neutrophils was depressed in the skin window test. The complement system and cellular immunity were intact. The patient also had a persistent EB virus infection. Defective phagocytosis limited to Staphylococcus aureus seems to be caused by an intrinsic cellular defect, such as congenital defect in neutrophil receptors for Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6986268 TI - The diagnostic significance of antibodies to various cow's milk proteins (fluorescent immunosorbent test). PMID- 6986269 TI - The preleukemic syndromes (hematopoietic dysplasia) in childhood. AB - The preleukemic syndrome or hematopoietic dysplasia is a marrow stem-cell disorder with clinically recognizable hematologic abnormalities which precede the development of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Its occurrence in childhood is extremely rare; seven "true" cases who fulfill all the criteria for the disorder have been reported until now. The preleukemic syndrome is generally characterized by peripheral cytopenia with fairly specific morphologic abnormalities in cell differentiation. The hematological and clinical features permit recognition of preleukemia even before the development of overt leukemia. Experimental data indicate that preleukemia is an "early" leukemic syndrome in which hematopoietic cell differentiation becomes progressively impaired with termination in the nearly complete maturation block which is characteristic of acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 6986270 TI - Interstitial cystitis as an autoimmune disease. A review. AB - The autoimmune features of interstitial cystitis are reviewed. Despite some controversy, interstitial cystitis should be grouped to the connective tissue diseases but as a separate entity. PMID- 6986271 TI - Oxygen consumption during phagocytosis by leucocytes in renal transplant patients. AB - Oxygen consumption during phagocytosis by leucocytes in renal transplant patients and in normal persons was studied. A significant decrease in oxygen consumption was observed in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. This may partly explain the increased susceptibility to infections in these patients. PMID- 6986272 TI - Vascular microsurgery in the ex situ kidney. An experimental study. AB - Work in vascular microsurgery is presented. We previously studied the vascular network and the pyelocaliceal system in the dog by means of moulding. Vascular microsurgery was practised on small animals. Operative protocol on the kidney was performed ex situ in 15 dogs. Our results with arteriographic and pathological control are presented. PMID- 6986273 TI - Nephrolithotomy by one-layer interrupted parenchymal suture. AB - Since 1967, when Taguchi devised a method of closing renal incisions in nephrolithotomy in which the renal capsule, parenchyma and pelvic mucosa are sutured together as one layer without prior hemostasis, this method, with subsequent modifications of surgical technique, has been employed in 47 cases of staghorn or multiple large calculi. The simplified method of suture shortens the clamp-time of the renal pedicle during operation, minimizes injury to the parenchyma, while assuring adequate hemostasis. All the treated cases showed good results postoperatively, free from any serious complications such as secondary hemorrhage. Renal function tests after nephrolithotomy by this method showed decreases of 20 and 16% in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, respectively, which returned to preoperative levels in 2 weeks. Pre- and postoperative renal arteriograms indicated some changes in the intrarenal arteries and parenchyma due to the incision and method of suture. Occlusion of intrarenal arteries occurred in 91.7% of the cases, in fact at the level of interlobar or minor artery in 90%, and the average number of sites of arterial interruption per kidney was 4.7. The author considers the method to be irrevocably perfect for renal parenchymal suture. PMID- 6986274 TI - The effect of indomethacin on isoprenaline-induced renin secretion in the cat. AB - In vivo isoprenaline infusion (0.1 micrograms/kg.min)) into the renal artery of unilaterally nephrectomized cats elicited a 5-fold increase in plasma renin concentration (PRC). This increase was suppressed by concomitant administration of propranolol (0.3 mg/kg.min). Indomethacin (250 micrograms/kg.min) intrarenally infused prior to the administration of isoprenaline, abolished the isoprenaline induced increase in PRC. It is suggested that prostaglandins mediate beta adrenergic-activated renin release. PMID- 6986275 TI - Stimulation of protein synthesis in cytochalasin B-enucleate human fibroblasts by dexamethasone and insulin. PMID- 6986276 TI - Locomotion of Physarum polycephalum amoebae is guided by a short range interaction with E. coli. PMID- 6986277 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of glucocorticoid receptors in different cell types and their translocation from the cytoplasm to the cell nucleus in the presence of dexamethasone. PMID- 6986278 TI - Segmental shrinkage and argentophilia of dendrons after fixation by perfusion with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-containing solutions. PMID- 6986279 TI - Cycloheximide and pactamycin inhibit the rapid decrease in translatable mRNA activity of P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP). PMID- 6986280 TI - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli MRE-600. Activation by nucleotides and affinity modification of the effector binding sites. PMID- 6986282 TI - N-terminal sequences of Escherichia coli and potato phosphorylase. PMID- 6986281 TI - Characterization of murein-bound lipoprotein in an Excherichia coli mutant altered in the signal sequence of prolipoprotein. PMID- 6986283 TI - Chemistry, structure and function of insulin and related hormones. A report on the 2nd International Insulin Symposium, Aachen, Germany, 4--7 September 1979. PMID- 6986284 TI - Structural aspects of the membrane-bound Escherichia colipyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase (EC 1.6.1.1). PMID- 6986285 TI - Glucose-induced first phase insulin release in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ in rat islets. PMID- 6986286 TI - The requirement for the Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins L7 and L12 in release factor-dependent peptide chain termination. PMID- 6986288 TI - Control of the initiation of protein synthesis in mammalian cells. PMID- 6986289 TI - Factors influencing the diastolic pressure-volume relation of the cardiac ventricles. AB - The diastolic pressure-volume relationship of either ventricle is a direct measure of the properties of its chamber. While this relation is, to a large extent, determined by the myocardium and its mechanical properties, there are a number of physiological factors that are also capable of influencing the diastolic pressure-volume-relation. This review examines our current understanding of the importance of a number of these factors with respect to the diastolic properties of the chamber. The factors discussed are heart rate, arterial pressure, coronary perfusion pressure, the pericardium, and the mechanical interplay between ventricles. The influence of heart rate, arterial pressure, and coronary perfusion pressure can be considered as minor provided they remain within their normal physiological range. On the other hand, the diastolic pressure-volume relation is highly dependent on the volume in the other ventricle, particularly in the presence of the pericardium. An awareness and understanding of the interrelationship between these factors and the diastolic pressure-volume relation is essential when evaluating the properties of the chamber and when such pressure-volume data are used to estimate the mechanical properties of the myocardium. PMID- 6986287 TI - Amphipathic properties of calf spleen NAD glycohydrolase. PMID- 6986290 TI - Mechanical properties of the ventricle during systole. AB - The systolic mechanical properties of the ventricular chamber, such as its volume elasticity and apparent viscosity or resistance, provide a useful framework for studying ventricular contraction. During systole, elasticity describes the dependence of pressure generated by the ventricle on chamber volume, while resistance describes changes in pressure related to the rate of ejection. Elastic stiffness increases throughout contraction and is sensitive to changes in inotropic state. Resistance also increases during contraction in parallel with ventricular pressure, but changes in inotropic state do not alter the relation between resistance and pressure. These two mechanical properties offer an insight into the performance of the ventricle as a pump; hence, they may be useful in assessing changes in pump function. This review examines several different approaches to the measurement of elasticity and resistance during systole: one approach lumped all the mechanical properties into a mean value expressed as an average impedance; another focused on elasticity, particularly the maximum elasticity achieved at end-systole; a third approach examined elasticity and resistance at high frequencies of volume oscillation; and the final method utilized a flow-pulse technique to study the variations in both elasticity and resistance throughout systole. PMID- 6986291 TI - Load and time considerations in the force-length relation of cardiac muscle. AB - A study of the end-systolic force length relations in isolated mammalian myocardium was undertaken in an effort to clarify controversies concerning the uniqueness of this relationship for a given state of contractility. In studies of cat and rat papillary muscles, differences between isometric and isotonic end systolic force length relations in twitch contractions were shown to be due to different levels and durations of mechanical activity engendered by the different modes of contraction. This was further supported by the constancy of end-systolic force-sarcomere length relation in small well-oxygenated muscles, and tetanic force-length relations in larger muscles. The dependence of the end-systolic force-length relation on total load was shown not to vary with length or load history during the contraction if the final total load or length was achieved prior to 75% of time to peak tension. Beyond this point, end-systolic force length relations in isolated muscle become load and time-dependent. The results from isolated muscle studies can be closely correlated qualitatively with results from studies of the intact ventricle, and this analogy may help to further explain observations of ventricular performance in conditions such as heart failure or cardiomyopathy, where significant alterations in the intensity and time course of mechanical activity are known to occur. Additional studies of intact ventricular performance are needed to confirm whether or not the ventricle behaves like its component muscle in a simplified model-independent way. PMID- 6986295 TI - Insulin recoverable from tissues. PMID- 6986293 TI - Hemoglobin and the origins of the concept of allosterism. AB - Bohr, Hasselbalch, and Krogh (1904) observed both what we now call the cooperative homotropic character of the binding of oxygen by hemoglobin and the heterotropic control exerted by CO2 in diminishing the oxygen affinity. Ten years later Christiansen, Douglas, and Haldane discovered the converse effect of oxygenation in diminishing CO2 uptake. It was then generally believed that hemoglobin contains only a single heme: A. V. Hill, to explain cooperative phenomena, postulated reversible aggregation of these monomer units (1910). After 1924, Adair and Svedberg independently showed that the molecule contained four hemes, and Adair's intermediate compound hypothesis, with four binding constants suitably chosen, could formally explain cooperative binding. Pauling proposed a simple model, involving only two constants, that fitted available data well. Haurowitz's demonstration that crystal structure changed on oxygenation (1938) gave the first evidence clearly pointing to a conformation change; in 1951 Wyman and Allen elaborated the idea in thermodynamic terms, and Perutz's crystallographic studies later revealed in molecular detail the nature of the change associated with ligand binding. The important heterotropic interactions that influence the binding of oxygen, necessarily with reciprocal interactions between oxygen binding and the uptake of the heterotropic ligands, are of three kinds: 1) proton binding by the "Bohr groups," 2) direct binding of CO2 as carbamate, and 3) binding of organic phosphate anions, such as diphosphoglycerate. The last of these, although fully as important as the first two, was not discovered for about half a century after the early work. Some major discoverers in the unraveling of these complicated relations were D. D. Van Slyke, F. J. W. Roughton, Linus Pauling, J. Wyman, and later Ruth and Reinhold Benesch, L. Rossi-Bernardi, and J. V. Kilmartin. All these, and numerous others, contributed to our understanding of both homogropic and heterotropic interactions. Brief final comments relate to the evolution of the concept of reversible conformational transitions as the basis for both homotropic and heterotropic interactions in allosteric proteins. PMID- 6986292 TI - Hans Krebs and the discovery of the ornithine cycle. PMID- 6986294 TI - Development of adipose tissue in newborns of gestational-diabetic and insulin dependent diabetic mothers. PMID- 6986296 TI - The frequencies of juvenile diabetes in American Blacks and Caucasians are consistent with dominant inheritance. PMID- 6986297 TI - Stimulation of counterregulatory hormonal responses in diabetic man by a fall in glucose concentration. PMID- 6986298 TI - Short-term regulation of insulin receptor affinity in man. PMID- 6986299 TI - Inhibition of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release by insulin and glucose in juvenile diabetes. AB - The effect of glucose and insulin on fat- and glucose-induced gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release has been studied in insulin-dependent juvenile-type diabetics. Blood glucose and serum immunoreactive GIP (IR-GIP) were measured after an oral load of 100 g glucose or 100 g fat was given and during an infusion of one of the following: saline, glucose, glucose plus insulin, or insulin. The infusion of insulin alone (in the presence of elevated glucose levels) or together with glucose significantly suppressed the IR-GIP rise after fat ingestion, but it did not alter the GIP response to oral glucose. Intravenous infusion of glucose had a slight but significant inhibitory effect on fat stimulated increase of IR-GIP, which cannot be related to endogenous insulin release in these insulin-deficient diabetics. It is suggested that an insulin mediated increase of glucose utilization in the GIP cell interferes only with increased GIP secretion stimulated by the utilization of fatty acids but not of glucose. This could explain the existence of a negative feedback control between insulin and GIP secretion for fat but not for glucose-induced GIP release. PMID- 6986300 TI - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in athymic and conventional BALB/c mice. AB - Spleen cells from conventional BALB/c or athymic mice with streptozotocin (SZ) induced hyperglycemia failed to raise blood sugar levels when injected into athymic or thymus-sufficient recipients. Passive transfer efforts were unsuccessful despite variations in donor-recipient pairs with respect to age, thymic function, or time after sensitization of donor mice. Athymic mice develop hyperglycemia following SZ but fail to mount an inflammatory lymphocyte infiltration. In contrast, the heterozygotes show a marked cellular response, which seems to follow the onset of hyperglycemia. The injection of spleen cells from thymus-sufficient mice to athymic recipients confers immunologic competence on the latter as tested by antibody formation to sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 6986301 TI - Defective regulation of Cl- permeability in islets of diabetic mice [C57BL/KsJ(db/db)]. AB - Efflux of 36Cl- from prelabeled, collagenase-isolated islets of noninbred ob/ob mice, inbred diabetic [C57BL/KsJ(db/db)] mice, and nondiabetic [C57BL/KsJ(+/+)] mice was studied by nonrecirculating perifusion. Islets of both ob/ob mice and nondiabetic KsJ mice showed similar rates of basal 36Cl- efflux, D-glucose stimulation of the 36Cl- efflux, and net uptake of 36Cl- at apparent isotope equilibrium. The 36Cl- efflux in islets from both young and old KsJ-db/db mice was almost insensitive to the D-glucose concentration. The basal rate of 36Cl- efflux in islets from young and old db/db mice was increased, indicating an abnormally high Cl- permeability. It is suggested that the defective regulation of the membrane potential in B-cells from [C57BL/KsJ(db/db)] mice may at least partly be caused by a db-mediated defect in the regulation of Cl- permeability. PMID- 6986302 TI - Transformation of glicentin-containing L-cells into glucagon-containing cells by enzymatic digestion. AB - Exposure of sections of ileal mucosa to enzymatic digestion with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B reveals a population of immunofluorescent cells after incubation with a specific C-terminally directed antiglucagon serum. These cells, unreactive before enzyme treatment, were identified as L-cells by their immunoreactivity to antiglicentin serum and to cross-reacting (N-terminal) antiglucagon sera. The presence in the L-cells of antigenic sites characteristic of the glucagon-containing cells (A-cells) emphasizes the close relationships between these two cell types, and it further supports the hypothesis of glicentin as a glucagon precursor. PMID- 6986303 TI - Direct evidence for downregulation of insulin receptors by physiologic hyperinsulinemia in man. AB - To directly examine whether physiologic hyperinsulinemia regulates insulin receptors in normal man, we studied the effect of insulin infusion (employing the euglycemic insulin clamp technique) on 125I-insulin binding to monocytes. In Study I (9 subjects), when the steady-state plasma insulin concentration was raised to approximately 100 muU/ml, insulin binding to monocytes remained unchanged at 1 h, but decreased significantly by 3 h (20%, P less than 0.01) and fell further by 5 h (37%, P less than 0.001) following the insulin infusion. In Study II (5 subjects) increments in plasma insulin concentration to 31 muU/ml resulted in no change in insulin binding at 3 h (P greater than 0.5) but resulted in a significant decrease at 5 h (25%, P less than 0.01). The plasma glucose concentration was maintained at basal levels in both infusion protocols. The decrease in insulin binding in both studies was due to a decrease in insulin receptor concentration. No significant change in receptor affinity was observed. In a control study (5 subjects) 5 h of saline infusion had no effect on insulin binding to monocytes. We conclude that in normal humans, increments in the plasma insulin concentration in the physiologic range downregulates the number of insulin receptors in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PMID- 6986304 TI - Influence of the age of erythrocytes on their insulin receptors. AB - Specific binding of 125I-insulin to erythrocyte receptors increased linearly with reticulocyte count in routine blood specimens from hospitalized patients. Specific binding as high as 30-35% is observed in patients with reticulocyte counts in the range of 20-25% compared with 9.0 +/- 0.5% specific binding in healthy control subjects with normal reticulocyte counts. It is concluded that care must be exercised in interpreting elevations of specific 125I-insulin binding to erythrocyte receptors as due to specific disease processes without considering how the disease itself may alter mean erythrocyte age at the time of sampling. PMID- 6986305 TI - Erythrocyte insulin receptors in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Insulin binding was studied on circulating erythrocytes isolated from 12 normal and 12 untreated, adult, nonobese, nonketotic, non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Insulin binding in normal subjects was higher than in diabetics (P less than 0.01); binding variation was caused mainly by a reduction in insulin receptor concentration. Insulin binding was inversely correlated with fasting serum insulin levels (R = 0.49; P less than 0.01). The close agreement between the present data and previous data on other cell populations suggests that isolated erythrocytes may be a useful tool in clinical investigations on the human insulin receptor. PMID- 6986306 TI - Early experiments in human pancreas transplantation. PMID- 6986308 TI - Immunosuppression and organ transplantation tolerance using total lymphoid irradiation. AB - Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) is a method which delivers irradiation daily in fractionated doses (200 rads) to lymphoid organs while shielding bones, lungs, and the majority of the gastrointestinal tract. TLI is lymphocytopenic in mice, rats, dogs, and humans, and both T cells and B cells are eliminated from the circulation. During the recovery phase in mice, B cells appear before Thy 1.2 bearing T cells, and TL-positive T cells are abundant in the spleen and lymph nodes. These T cells exhibit nonspecific suppressive activity on antibody production and cell-mediated immune responses. TLI permits establishment of specific and long-lasting tolerance to alloantigens. Permanent acceptance of allogeneic bone marrow cells without graft-versus-host disease was achieved in rats and dogs across major histocompatibility barriers. Recipients were tolerant to allografts of skin, hearts, and kidney from animals syngeneic to marrow donors or to organs from the marrow donor. This approach may be suitable for pancreas transplantation in diabetes. PMID- 6986307 TI - Effects of oxygen, temperature, and time of culture on the survival of mouse thyroid and pancreas allografts. PMID- 6986309 TI - Segmental pancreatic transplantation with duct ligation or drainage to a jejunal Roux-en-Y loop in nonuremic diabetic patients. AB - The results of seven segmental pancreas transplantations in diabetic patients, using a jejunal Roux-en-Y loop for drainage of digestive enzymes, are presented. An initial case with pancreatic duct ligation is also included. The patients ranged in age from 30 to 45 yr, with duration of diabetes from 8 to 24 yr, and were incapacitated but not uremic. Immunosuppression was attempted with azathioprine, prednisone, and antilymphocyte globulin, and, in one patient, thoracic duct drainage was added. The pancreas tolerated at least 16 min of warm ischemia and at least 4 h of cold storage; flushing with a balanced electrolyte solution was optimal. Six of the grafts provided control of blood glucose for 7- 51 days, and, in one patient, an intravenous glucose tolerance test was normal at 7 and 21 days. Five of the grafts failed due to rejection 7--51 days after transplantation, and one was removed at 14 days, while still functioning, due to bleeding. In one case, early detection of rejection by a rise in post-prandial blood glucose was treated and reversed by corticosteroid administration. Two failed in the immediate postoperative period from vascular thrombosis. Drainage of pancreatic secretions from a fistula was a common problem. PMID- 6986310 TI - Perifusion and culture of human fetal pancreas. AB - Human fetal pancreas has been obtained after the therapeutic termination of pregnancy with prostaglandin F2 alpha. Pancreatic explants were studied in a perifusion system and maintained in organ culture for up to 3 wk. Insulin biosynthesis was stimulated by glucose; however, the incorporation of 3H-L leucine into proinsulin was surprisingly high (52% after 3 h) vs. insulin (48%), which suggests a possible block in the conversion of proinsulin to insulin. Insulin secretion was stimulated during perifusion with 19.3 mM glucose (1.6 X prestimulation level), 1.5 microM glucagon (2.4), 5mM leucine (2.4), 10 mM arginine (2.7), and 10 mM theophylline (10.0). Insulin biosynthesis and secretion were maintained in organ culture. After 12 days there was a 3.4-fold increase in insulin secretion in the presence of 22 mM glucose compared with 5.5 mM glucose, and the explant insulin content rose in the presence of high glucose levels by 89%. The acute insulin secretory response to 10 mM theophylline was maintained after culture. These studies suggest that human fetal pancreas should be considered as a potential source of donor tissue for pancreas transplantation in human diabetes. PMID- 6986311 TI - Human fetal pancreas: culture and function in vitro. PMID- 6986312 TI - Transplantation of human fetal pancreas: experience in thymusaplastic mice and rats and in a diabetic patient. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate if thymusaplastic nude mice and rats are favorable as recipients for transplantation of human fetal pancreas. Twenty human fetal pancreases were transplanted subcutaneously to 20 nude mice, and six human fetal pancreases were transplanted to six rats. The xenografts showed histotypical development of islets of Langerhans. Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactivities were also seen in very early stages of the transplant development within the monolayered ducts. With the described "epigastric pouch technique" in rats, we co-ld demonstrate a new in vivo method for selective stimulations and simultaneous blood sampling from tissue-isolated xenografts. Transplantation of human fetal pancreas to the brachioradial muscle of an insulin-dependent patient in combination with a kidney transplant revealed that rejection crises of the kidney led to necrosis of the pancreas transplant, whereas rejection of the kidney was overcome by steroid pulse therapy. PMID- 6986313 TI - Transplantation of fetal pancreatic microfragments via the portal vein to a diabetic patient. AB - Human fetal pancreas preserved in culture was used as a donor organ in a 45-yr old man with diabetes of 14-yr duration complicated by severe retinopathy and nephropathy. Renal failure had been successfully treated by a cadaveric renal transplant 2 yr earlier. Six fetal pancreases, obtained within 30 min of delivery after prostaglandin-induced abortion at 14--20 wk of gestation, were minced and placed in tissue culture for 3 h at the earliest and 15 days at the longest duration. The cultures were harvested 2--3 h before transplantation. Approximately 3 ml of tissue was infused into a right portal vein branch. Azathioprine was continued at 2 mg/kg and prednisolone increased from 10 mg to 100 mg/day on the day of transplantation and gradually reduced to 25 mg/day. Only two doses of antilymphocytic globulin were given because of a severe reaction. During the 40 days since transplantation, insulin requirements have not changed, but C-peptide has appeared in the urine, suggesting function of the transplanted tissue. PMID- 6986315 TI - Using meditation in stress situations. PMID- 6986314 TI - Health computer events for 1980. PMID- 6986316 TI - The pursuit of health in war and peace. PMID- 6986317 TI - Effect of spontaneous portal-systemic shunting on plasma insulin and amino acid concentrations. AB - To elucidate the relative contribution of parenchymal liver damage and spontaneous portal-systemic shunting to the reduction of peripheral insulin degradation rate and the decrease in plasma concentrations of three branched chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine), plasma insulin, C-peptide, and amino acid concentrations were measured during oral glucose tolerance tests in 17 patients with liver cirrhosis, 10 with idiopathic portal hypertension, 5 hospitalized controls, and normal subjects. None of the patients had evidence of hepatic encephalopathy. Patients with idiopathic portal hypertension had histologically minimum hepatic fibrosis in spite of the existence of extensive exophageal varices. The molar ratio between plasma concentrations of C-peptide and insulin was significantly decreased in patients with cirrhosis, but not in those with idiopathic portal hypertension. In both patients with cirrhosis and idiopathic portal hypertension, the three branched chain amino acid levels were significantly decreased and the molar ratio between the concentrations of the three branched chain amino acids and two aromatic amino acids (tyrosine and phenylalanine) were markedly reduced. These results suggest that spontaneous portal-systemic shunting does not primarily contribute to the reduced degradation of insulin, but has a close relationship with the decrease in branched chain amino acid levels and in the molar ratio of plasma amino acids. In addition, the present data indicate that decreased branched chain amino acid levels in patients with cirrhosis is not merely ascribed to hyperinsulinemia and that the decrease in the molar ratio of plasma amino acids is not specific to the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 6986318 TI - Association of gastric cancer and nephrotic syndrome. An immunologic study in three patients. AB - Three patients presenting typical nephrotic syndrome concurrent with gastric cancer are described. The carcinoma was moderately advanced and was histologically an adenocarcinoma in all cases. Morphologic examination of the renal biopsy revealed the characteristic changes of membranous nephropathy and typical subepithelial electron-dense deposits. The glomerular deposits were specifically stained with antihuman IgG and beta-1-c. The eluate of the glomeruli reacted specifically with the surface of the cancer cells from the same patient when studied by the immunofluorescent method. The eluate also reacted with the cancer cell extract as examined with the radioimmunodiffusion technique and with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) prepared by the method of Gold. Furthermore, the nephrotic syndrome completely remitted in 1 patient following surgical removal of the cancer. These bits of evidence indicate a possible role of a stomach cancer related antigen and/or CEA in the development of immune complex nephropathy in these patients. PMID- 6986319 TI - The diagnostic accuracy of the rectal biopsy in acute graft-versus-host disease: a prospective study of thirteen patients. AB - We carried out a coded, prospective analysis of sequential rectal biopsies from 13 patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in order to study the accuracy of these biopsies in the diagnosis of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We also tested the hypothesis that individual crypt cell degeneration is the initial lesion of intestinal GVHD. Pretransplant biopsies were normal. All biopsies taken 7--10 days after transplantation were diffusely abnormal with nuclear atypia and crypt cell degeneration. These changes were due to the conditioning regimen of total body irradiation and chemotherapy and had resolved by day 20 after transplantation. When acute GVHD was present, rectal biopsies were focally abnormal with crypt cell degeneration, crypt dilation, and crypt abscess. Rectal biopsies were normal after day 20 in those patients who did not have clinical evidence of GVHD. The location of cell degeneration at the base of crypts suggests that an immunologic mechanism is responsible for damage to rectal mucosa in GVHD. The rectal biopsy is an accurate way of detecting intestinal involvement with acute GVHD if done after resolution of radiation/chemotherapy effects. PMID- 6986320 TI - Fluorescent PAS-reaction study of the epithelium of normal rabbit ileum and after challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - Fluorescent periodic acid-Schiff reaction (FPR) was used in the study of the normal rabbit ileal epithelium and its changes after injection of living cultures or enterotoxins of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. This reaction, with the use of auramine OO-SO2 complex as a Schiff-type reagent, demonstrates gut epithelium periodate-reactive mucosubstances more distinctly and brightly than does the common periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. It permitted the quantitative assessment of polysaccharide content in the gut sections by microfluorimetry, and examined extensively the mucosal structures, brush border, and mucous cells which participate in the interaction with enteropathogens. Fluorescent periodic acid Schiff reaction showed that noninvasive enterotoxigenic E. coli O148:H28 B7A organisms caused restricted damage to the intestinal epithelium brush border. Invasive enterotoxigenic E. Coli O26:K60:H11 N3 organisms penetrated the epithelium and caused extensive brush border lesions and mucous cell hyperproduction. Importance of FPR in the complex morphologic analysis of enteric infections, pathogenesis of escherichoses under study, and some aspects of the intestinal epithelium histology are discussed. PMID- 6986322 TI - Jaundice: five-and-a-half decades in historic perspective. Selected aspects. PMID- 6986323 TI - Seasonal changes in plasma and adrenal concentrations of cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, and electrolytes in the adult male sand rat (Psammomys obesus). PMID- 6986321 TI - Drug-induced pancreatitis: a critical review. AB - We critically reviewed the English language literature pertaining to drug-induced pancreatitis and attempted to determine whether the reported association between each drug and pancreatitis was valid. The following drugs seem to cause pancreatitis: azathioprine, thiazides, sulfonamides, furosemide, estrogens, and tetracycline. Less convincing, but suggestive evidence exists for: 1 asparaginase, iatrogenic hypercalcemia, chlorthalidine, corticosteroids, ethacrynic acid, phenformin, and procainamide. Evidence implicating other drugs is either inadequate or contradictory. Little is known about the pathogenesis of drug-induced pancreatitis. Ethanol was not considered in this review. PMID- 6986324 TI - [Funtional study of gene relA in the expression of amino acid operons. III. The effect of the allelic state of gene relA on the derepression of the threonine and isoleucine-valine operons of Escherichia coli K-12]. AB - During the derepression of threonine and isoleucine-valine operons the increase of activity of homoserine dehydrogenase and threonine deaminase respectively occurs only in relA+ strains of Escherichia coli K-12, while the activity of these enzymes in relA mutants does not change. The increase of the activity of homoserine dehydrogenase in relA+ strains corresponds to the increase of the fraction of the thr-mRNA, i.e. the expression of threonine operon is regulated at the level of transcription. After isoleucine is exhausted, only relA+ cells of threonine producer MG442 increase homoserine dehydrogenase activity and production of threonine. Thus, the regulation of transcription and translation of threonine and isoleucine-valine operons depends upon the allelic state of the relA gene. PMID- 6986325 TI - [Bibliography of the foreign literature on genetics (September 1979)]. PMID- 6986326 TI - Endometrial stromatosis of uterus: a clinicopathological study of five cases. PMID- 6986328 TI - Folia Microbiologica--the first twenty-five years. PMID- 6986327 TI - Primary cervical choriocarcinoma. PMID- 6986329 TI - Visualization of membrane-associated R-plasmid DNA in fraction of Escherichia coli minicell lyzate. AB - Minicells of Escherichia coli P678-54 containing plasmid RIdrd19 were submitted to careful controlled lysis. By sedimentation of the resulting lyzate in a sucrose gradient, the material absorbing at 260 nm was separated into three distinct bands. Among the most rapidly sedimenting particles, double-stranded topological circles of DNA attached to patches of membrane were visualized by electron microscopy, while single-stranded molecules (probably RNA) with associated proteins were detected in the medium band. Covalently closed and open circles of the RIdrd19 DNA were found at the top of the gradient. Their contour lengths correspond to the size of the DNA sedimenting together with the membrane in the first peak. This finding implies a direct intracellular interaction between RIdrd19 DNA and membrane in E. coli minicelle. PMID- 6986330 TI - Some cellular immune reactions in infants. MIF, E-rosette formation and changes in nucleolar morphology. AB - The cellular immune response (MIF, E-rosette formation and changes in nucleolar morphology of lymphocytes) was followed as related to age and antigenic stimulation. MIF in healthy infants increased from the 2nd to the 12th week of life as compared with the first week, probably due to BCG vaccination. The total and active E-rosette formation did not change during the whole period of investigation. Ring-shaped nucleoli increased gradually from the second week of life. Active nucleoli increased up to the 4th week, i.e. after BCG vaccination and then slowly decreased. Micronucleoli being high in the first week, decreased during 24 weeks of life. After artificial colonization of the intestine the production of MIF was slightly lower in colonized infants than in controls from the 2nd to the 12th week. The other parameters followed were not influenced by colonization. PMID- 6986331 TI - Decrease of Y chromatin frequency with time after fixation of blood smear. AB - The average frequency of Y chromatin positive lymphocytes was 59.4% among males aged 13 - 19 years. The frequency decreased significantly with time after fixation of the blood smear. PMID- 6986332 TI - Histopathological diagnosis of hypercurved seminiferous tubules. AB - A simple method for the recognition of hypercurvature of the seminiferous tubules in otherwise normal biopsies from infertile males consists of the recognition of characteristic 'figure 8' profiles of sectioned seminiferous tubules. Nineteen cases of morphometrically verified hypercurvature and 24 controls were tested in order to determine the validity of the method, which showed virtually no overlap in the two groups when at least four x 100 fields were assessed for 'figure 8' and grazing profiles. A recommended diagnostic approach, with cautions concerning pitfalls, is presented, and incidence, pathogenesis, and potential treatment are briefly discussed. PMID- 6986333 TI - Nursing home residents serve as teachers of sociology students. PMID- 6986335 TI - Removing the barriers to mental health services. PMID- 6986334 TI - Capitol adviser is expert in health matters. AB - James Mongan, M.D., believes that everybody is entitled to financial protection from catastrophic illness, but protection must be coupled with controls and reforms. PMID- 6986336 TI - AHA offers remedies for fiscally troubled city hospitals. PMID- 6986337 TI - State's Medicaid, other programs fine-tuned for efficiency by task force. AB - North Carolina Task Force on State Programs includes representatives of government, health care providers and organizations, and other interested parties. Goals and accomplishments have been to identify and modify problems and procedures that cause inefficiencies. PMID- 6986338 TI - Insulin delivery and the artificial beta cell: luminal obstructions in capillary conduits. AB - Insulin delivery mechanisms in which the polypeptide is conducted through the fine bore tubes develope luminal occlusions after 2-6 weeks. Scanning electron micrographs of the ends of such capillaries reveal that the usual methods of sectioning these tubes produces barbed and distorted exits on which aggregates of insulin appear to be localized. This paper addresses a novel technique for sectioning teflon (PTFE) capillary bore tubing which avoids this problem. PMID- 6986339 TI - Computerised acquisition and analysis of flow cytometric data. AB - An interface between a commercial flow cytometer (Ortho Cytofluorograf 4800) and a Desk Top Computer (H.P. 9845S) is described. Programs for data acquisition and analysis have been developed. These include cell DNA content analysis, 2 parameter (3D) histograms and sophisticated sub-population selection. Although cell sorting is not possible using the facility, the data acquired per cell is optimised and detailed analysis can be carried out. The system represents a flexible, easily controlled and economical method for storing and analysing flow cytometric data. PMID- 6986340 TI - Intrahypnotic and long-term effects of self-hypnosis on blood pressure in mild hypertension. PMID- 6986342 TI - Combined individual and group psychotherapy: a review of the literature 1965 1978. PMID- 6986341 TI - Control of skin temperature through biofeedback and suggestion with hypnotized college women. PMID- 6986343 TI - Health planning as a regulatory strategy: a discussion of its history and current uses. AB - Federally mandated health planning is one of the most significant responses to the cost crisis of American medicine. Portrayed as an objective and rational mechanism of determining the future, planning is a socially acceptable means of exerting third-party control over a sector of the economy long able to escape meaningful controls on its growth and development. However, far from being the neutral science which it is heralded to be, the planning process serves the interests that are able to control its use. Health planning agencies must be studied in the context of the current emphasis on cost containment and reorganization of health services. Supported and enfranchised largely by major third-party payors, planning smooths the implementation of changes in the health sector. Despite its progressive potential, planning serves the interests of these third-party payors by masking their attempts to control the future development of the health system. PMID- 6986344 TI - The holistic alternative to scientific medicine: history and analysis. AB - The resurgence of the holistic health movement in the 1970s can be in part attributed to increasing consumer dissatisfaction with the present system of medical care delivery. This article traces the rise and decline of modern medicine by analyzing the assumption of hegemony by scientific medicine and its practitioners. Then it describes the challenges that holistic medicine's theories and therapies currently pose to scientific medicine's organizational form and practical content. Holistic medicine is assessed in terms of its organizational and conceptual basis, and the relationship between holistic medicine and the needs of advanced capitalist society is discussed. PMID- 6986346 TI - He who pays the piper: foundations, the medical profession, and medical education reform. AB - The development of modern medical education was shaped by the medical profession's own reform strategies and by material and ideological support from the corporate class. This article examines how the Rockefeller medical philanthropies, the largest single source of funds for medical education reform from 1910 through the 1930s, forced the adoption of a specific reform--full-time clinical faculty--to make medicine serve the needs of capitalist society rather than the interests of the medical profession. Memorandums and letters from archival files demonstrate that foundation leaders believed the full-time plan would separate medical schools from the grip of practitioner-dominated medical societies, bringing all medical faculty under the control of foundations and university boards of trustees. This policy was to be a first step in rationalizing medical care and distributing the technical benefits and social control functions of medicine to all segments of the population. The author traces the development of the full-time plan, its adoption as foundation policy, and the struggle over its implementation. PMID- 6986345 TI - The state of industrial ill-health in the United Kingdom. AB - Recent health and safety legislation in the United Kingdom comes at a time of economic crisis. The only way of understanding its impact is to look back at the roles of employers, the State, trade unions, workers, and the medical establishment over the past 150 years since the rise of industrial capital. In many ways, issues that were current at the turn of the century--such as the conflict between profits and health, whether to clean up the production process or insulate workers from its hazards, compensation, and employers' liability--are still very much present today, although these issues are often obscured by the notions that there is an identity of interest between management and workers over health and safety and that profits and safety go together. The role of the trade unions in dealing with existing and new hazards of production has historically been ambiguous, yet the need for them to develop an overall policy of prevention has always been obvious. Although they are now part of the governing apparatus, other arms of the State--in particular the civil service--initiate changes in health and safety organization, while trade unions make sure they are enacted. The development of trade-union area health and safety groups represents the most important potential change and may well provide the necessary focus for information and organization to cut through the "concerned" propaganda from management and its safety committees and start the long-awaited cleanup of industry. PMID- 6986347 TI - Modern concepts of imaging of the pancreas. PMID- 6986348 TI - Reappraisal of extravascular lung thermal volume as a measure of pulmonary edema. AB - Previous papers have evaluated extravascular thermal volume of the lung (ETVL) as a measure of lung water by using median transit time (tmed) rather than the correct mean transit time (tmean). Calculation of ETVL using tmean (ETVLmean) and tmed (ETVLmed) gave an excellent relationship, ETVLmean = 1.48 ETVLmed - 0.74 (r = 0.99). This allowed us to calculate a new ratio of ETVLmean to PETW = 1.55 +/- 0.17, WHERE PETW is the postmortem value of pulmonary extravascular tissue weight. Thermistors were placed in dogs to determine the contribution of chest wall, pleural and pericardial fluid, left heart, bronchi, and lung gas to the ETVL measurement. We found ETVLmean greater than PETW because of thermal distributioninto left heart (18 +/- 2% of ETVL), bronchi (estimate 7% of ETVL), pulmonary arteries and veins (estimate 7% of ETVL), and perhaps a small portion of chest wall. We could not detect any portion of lung gas or pleural or pericardial effusions as a part of the ETVL measurement. When the distribution into left heart, bronchi, pulmonary arteries, and veins is removed ETVLmean/PETW = 1.07. PMID- 6986349 TI - Fluid shifts and endocrine responses during chair rest and water immersion in man. AB - To determine the effect of external water pressure per se on intercompartmental fluid volume shifts, plasma and urine electrolytes, osmotic and endocrine responses were compared in four men (21-22 yr) during 8 h of water immersion (TH2O = 34.4 degrees C) and during 8 h of chair rest (Ta = 22.5 degrees C), followed by16 h of bed rest in both regimens. Water intake was 1,800 ml during 8 h exposures. Urine volume during immersion was 2,954 ml/8 h and 1,538 ml/8 h (P less than 0.01) during chair rest; the respective decreases in extracellular volume (ECV) were 2,230 ml/8 h and 1,892 ml/8 h. Losses from the intersititial volume (1.81 vs. 1.67 liters) and plasma volume (0.43 vs. 0.23 liters) during immersion and chair rest, respectively, were approximately proportional to theri normal ratios. With a negative H2O balance (corrected for blood withdrawal) during immersion of 1,234 ml and a positive balance (190 ml) during chair rest, there appeared to be a shift of ECV to the intracellular compartment in both regimens. There was suppression of both plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) and renin activity (PRA) during chair rest and immersion. It appears that the increased central blood volume, as opposed to increased plasma osmolality, is the primary stimulus for AVP suppression. In hyperhydrated subjects, about half (6.7%) of the immersion plasma volume loss of 12.6% could be attributed to orthostatic responses associated with the upright body position during chair rest and the remaining half to the external water pressure. PMID- 6986350 TI - Tracheal resection and anastomosis in dogs. AB - Resection and end-to-end anastomosis of the trachea is a practical procedure for the correction of various forms of tracheal stenosis. Preplacing retention sutures facilitates manipulation of the trachea and rapid apposition of the tracheal ends. These same sutures then relieve tension on the primary suture line, assuring early epithelialization. Two dogs with tracheal stenosis were treated by use of this technique. Slight narrowing of the trachea was evident postoperatively in both dogs, but neither dyspnea nor coughing occurred during the follow-up period. PMID- 6986351 TI - Transient cell cycle arrest of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by amino acid analog beta 2-DL-thienylalanine. AB - When treated with the amino acid analog beta-2-DL-thienylalanine, cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulated in the G1 portion of the cell cycle at the "start" event. This G1 arrest was accompanied by a rapid decrease in the rate of labeling of ribonucleic acid (RNA) with little effect on the rate of labeling of protein. When we examined which aspect of RNA metabolism was most affected by beta-2-DL-thienylalanine treatment, we found a dramatic decrease in the production of ribosomal precursor RNA. These results are consistent with previous findings which show a correlation between G1 arrest and reduced ribosomal precursor RNA production. The G1 arrest brought about be beta-2-DL-thienylalanine was transient; cells remain arrested in G1 only for several hours. Release from G1 arrest appeared to be accompanied either by metabolism or sequestration of the analog. PMID- 6986352 TI - Control of plasmid R1 replication: kinetics of replication in shifts between different copy number levels. AB - Plasmid R1 replication was studied in shifts between two steady states of copy number. The copy number was varied in two ways. First, we utilized the fact that it decreases with increasing growth rate. To minimize the metabolic effects of changes in the growth rate, the downshifts were obtained by adding alpha methylglucoside to cultures growing in glucose-minimal medium, and the upshifts were obtained by adding glucose to cultures growing in the presence of glucose plus alpha-methylglucoside. Second, we used a temperature-dependent copy mutant of plasmid R1 (pKN301). Plasmid pPK301 shows a threefold higher copy number at 40 than at 30 degrees C. In both types of shift, plasmid replication immediately adjusted to the postshift differential rate. The copy number asymptotically adjusted to the new steady state. Hence, the system that controls plasmid R1 replication sets the frequency of replication without measuring the actual copy number. It has been suggested that plasmid R1 replication is under negative control by an R1-mediated repressor protein. Among the replication control models that involve negative control, the Pritchard inhibitor dilution model, the Sompayrac-Maaloe autorepressor model, and the plasmid lambdadv system all predict gene dose-independent copy number control. PMID- 6986353 TI - Control of plasmid R1 replication: functions involved in replication, copy number control, incompatibility, and switch-off of replication. AB - A small derivative of plasmid R1 was used to integratively suppress a chromosomal dnaA(Ts) mutation. The strain obtained grew normally at 42 degrees C. The integratively suppressed strain was used as recipient for various plasmid R1 derivatives. Plasmid R1 and miniplasmid derivatives of R1 could be established in the strain that carried an integrated R1 replicon, but they were rapidly lost during growth. However, plasmids also carrying ColE1 replication functions were almost completely stably inherited. The integratively suppressed strain therefore allows the establishment of bacteria diploid with respect to plasmid R1 and forms a useful and sensitive system for studies of interaction between plasmid R1 replication functions. Several of the chimeric plasmids caused inhibition of growth at high temperatures. All plasmids that inhibited growth carried one particular PstI fragment from plasmid R1 (the PstI F fragment), and in all cases the growth inhibition could be ascribed to repression of initiation of chromosome replication at 42 degrees C, i.e., they carry a trans-acting switch-off function. Furthermore, the analogous PstI fragments from different copy mutants of plasmid R1 were analyzed similarly, and one mutant was found to lack the switch-off function. The different chimeric plasmids were also tested for their incompatibility properties. All plasmids that carried the switch-off function (and no other plasmids) also carried R1 incompatibility gene(s). Since the PstI F fragment, which is present on all these plasmids, is very small (0.35 x 10(6)), it is suggested that the switch-off regulation of replication (by an inhibitor), incompatibility, and copy number control are governed by the same gene. PMID- 6986355 TI - Thujaplicins from Thuja plicata as iron transport agents for Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Strains of Salmonella typhimurium which are unable to synthesize their normal iron transport agent, enterobactin, and which must be supported with an exogenous chelator (siderophore) on certain media, were used to examine various types of wood for the presence of chelators. Western red cedar wood, Thuja plicata, was observed to contain large amounts of three substances that in low concentration would serve as chelators for S. typhimurium. The chelators from T. plicata were characterized and found to be alpha-, beta-, and gamma-thujaplicin. Other planar cyclic alpha-hydroxyketones were examined, and several were found to function as chelators for S. typhimurium. PMID- 6986356 TI - Escherichia coli mutants with altered control of alcohol dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli which overproduce alcohol dehydrogenase were obtained by selection for the ability to use ethanol as an acetate source in a strain auxotrophic for acetate. A mutant having a 20-fold overproduction of alcohol dehydrogenase was able to use ethanol only to fulfill its acetate requirement, whereas two mutants with a 60-fold overproduction were able to use ethanol as a sole carbon source. The latter two mutants produced only 25% of the wild-type level of nitrate reductase, when grown under anaerobic conditions. Alcohol dehydrogenase production was largely unaffected by catabolite repression but was repressed by nitrate under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The genetic locus responsible for alcohol dehydrogenase overproduction was located at min 27 on the E. coli genetic map; the gene order, as determined by transduction, was trp tonB adh chlC hemA. The possible relationship of alcohol dehydrogenase to anaerobic redox systems such as formate-nitrate reductase is discussed. PMID- 6986354 TI - Isolation and characterization of an R-prime plasmid from Rhizobium meliloti. AB - Using a simple enrichment procedure, we isolated an R-prime derivative of plasmid R68.45 carrying a 17.8-megadalton segment of the Rhizobium meliloti 41 chromosome. The chromosomal segment carried on this plasmid (pGY1) includes the markers cys-24+, cys-46+, and att16-3. Plasmid pGY1 mobilized the chromosome in a polarized way starting from the region of homology, but cannot promote chromosome transfer from other sites. The att16-3 site on pGY1 allowed the integration of phage 16-3 into pGY1, and a composite plasmid of 91.8 megadaltons was formed. This vector (pGY2) is suitable for the introduction of Rhizobium bacteriophage 16 3 into other gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6986357 TI - Salmonella typhimurium mutants with altered glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase activities. AB - Although glutamate is a key compound in nitrogen metabolism, little is known about the function or regulation of its two biosynthetic enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase. To begin the characterization of glutamate formation in Salmonella typhimurium, we isolated mutants having altered glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase activities. Mutants which failed to grow on media with glucose as the carbon source and less than 1 mM (NH(4))(2)SO(4) as the nitrogen source (Asm(-)) had about one-fourth the normal glutamate synthase activity and one-half the glutamine synthetase activity. The asm mutations also prevented growth with alanine, arginine, or proline as nitrogen sources and conferred resistance to methionine sulfoximine. When a mutation (gdh-51) causing the loss of glutamate dehydrogenase activity was transferred into a strain with an asm-102 mutation, the resulting asm-102 gdh-51 mutant had a partial requirement for glutamate. A strain isolated as a complete glutamate auxotroph had a third mutation, in addition to the asm-102 gdh-51 lesions, that further decreased the glutamate synthase activities to 1/20 the normal level. Both the asm-102 and gdh-51 mutations were located on the S. typhimurium linkage map at sites distinct from those found for mutations causing similar phenotypes in Klebsiella aerogenes and Escherichia coli. PMID- 6986358 TI - Regulation of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase levels and effect on serine synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The level of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway to serine and glycine, has been studied in Escherichia coli grown under different conditions. The enzyme level was not reduced by growth in a medium which contained the end products of the pathway, nor was it elevated when the growth rates was limited by the supply of serine. Elevation of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase did not occur when charging of tRNA ser was inhibited by serine hydroxamate. However, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase levels were subject to regulation. Elevated levels of enzyme activity were observed in merodiploids containing multiple copies of the serA gene, and lowered enzyme levels were found in cells grown on carbon sources other than glucose or when certain amino acids were present in the growth medium. The combined effect of these nutritional changes (carbon source and amino acids) reduced the level of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase to 10 to 12% of that found in wild-type cells and to about 5% of the level in the merodiploids. By using antibody prepared against purified phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase we established that the decrease in enzyme activity reflected decreased amounts of enzyme protein. Constant intracellular concentrations of 3-phosphoglycerate and serine were found in cells with marked differences in phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity, indicating that end product inhibition of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity, rather than the amount of the biosynthetic enzymes, is the major factor in regulating the intracellular concentration of serine. PMID- 6986360 TI - Genetic mapping of arg1 and arg8 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by trisomic analysis combined with interallelic complementation. AB - Through use of multiply disomic strains, the genes arg1 and arg8 were excluded from all of chromosomes I to XVII except (i) XV and (ii) IX and XV, respectively. Further aneuploid analyses showed that these two genes were on the same chromosome. By tetrad analysis, arg1 was shown to be linked to SUP3 on the left arm of chromosome XV (parental ditype:nonparental ditype:tetratype = 74; 6:139) and arg8 was shown to be loosely linked to arg1 (parental ditype:nonparental ditype:tetratype 72:17:220) on the same arm. The sequence of the genes on this chromosome arm is centromere-SUP3-arg8. Because arg1 had previously been used to define an 18th chromosome, these results reestablished the minimum chromosome number in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as 17. PMID- 6986359 TI - Properties of the thiamine transport system in Escherichia coli. AB - Thiamine transport was studied with a mutant (KG1976) of Escherichia coli K-12 deficient in thiamine kinase (EC 2.7.1.89), which catalyzes the formation of thiamine monophosphate from thiamine. Mutant cells accumulated thiamine 390-fold as the free form against a concentration gradient in the absence of added carbon sources at the steady state. Thiamine taken up from the medium, or thiamine preloaded in the absence of glucose, was expelled into the medium when glucose, d lactate, or succinate was added, whereas exit in the absence of glucose was very slow. The rate of thiamine entry was therefore determined in the absence of glucose, and that of thiamine exit was followed by the addition of glucose to thiamine-preloaded cells. The activities of thiamine entry and exit were optimal at 42 and 37 degrees C, respectively. Hyperbolic saturation kinetics were obtained for the entry rate with a K(m) value of 5.9 nM. The exit rate showed a sigmoidal dependence on cellular thiamine concentrations, and a half-maximal velocity was observed at 31 muM. The rates of both entry and exit were lowered by electron transport inhibitors and uncouplers, suggesting that the energy coupled to both processes was provided through substrate oxidation. Thiamine exit from K(+)-depleted cells was enhanced by K(+) alone and by Na(+) to a much lesser extent, and K(+) and glucose were found to be synergistic for thiamine exit. These cations had no effect on the entry of thiamine into KG1676 cells in the absence of glucose. These properties of the entry and exit of thiamine in KG1676 are discussed from the standpoint of the possible involvement of different membrane components or different sites of identical thiamine carrier protein. PMID- 6986361 TI - Oriented fragmentation of Escherichia coli sacculi by sonication. AB - Isolated murein sacculi of Escherichia coli PA3092 were physically ruptured by sonication. Electron microscopical analysis showed that the rupturing occurred preferentially prependicular to the long axis of the cell. The fragmentation of the sacculi increased with longer sonication times. It was found that the extent of cross-linkage was more affected by the sonication than was the average glycan chain length. These data confirm earlier observations and indicate that the glycan chains run predominantly perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. By contrast, the peptide cross-links are more dispersely oriented. PMID- 6986362 TI - pryB mutations as suppressors of arginine auxotrophy in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Salmonella typhimurium strains which produce high constitutive levels of aspartate transcarbamoylase due to the pyrH700 mutation were found to grow more slowly in minimal medium than pyrH+ controls. The addition of arginine or citrulline but not ornithine restored normal growth rates. This requirement for arginine was completely suppressed by pyrB mutations and partially suppressed by pyrC and pyrD mutations. No suppression was observed with mutants at the pyrF locus. Introduction of leaky mutation argI2002 resulted in a more extreme arginine requirement and accentuated suppression by pyrB mutations. Suppression by the pyrC and pyrD mutations was reduced as a result of the incorporation of the leaky argI2002 allele. These results indicate that in pyrH700 strains carbamoyl phosphate is preferentially directed toward the formation of intermediates in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. Arginine auxotrophy results from the reduced availability of carbamoyl phosphate for the biosynthesis of arginine. Suppression of this arginine dependence for growth is used as a convenient positive selection technique for pyrB mutations. PMID- 6986363 TI - Lipid-mediated glycosylation of endogenous proteins in isolated plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A highly purified plasma membrane fraction from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained by centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose and Urografin gradients. This plasma membrane fraction was capable of glycosylating endogenous proteins. It is shown that glycolipids play an intermediate role in these glycosylation reactions; with uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine as sugar donor the intermediate lipids possessed stability towards alkali and chromatographic mobilities similar to polyprenyl diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine and polyprenyl diphosphate di-N-acetylchitobiose. PMID- 6986364 TI - Effects of an insertion mutation in a locus affecting pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase (pnt::Tn5) on the growth of Escherichia coli. AB - The effects of a pnt::Tn5 insertion mutation on the growth of strains lacking phosphoglucoisomerase or glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were examined. The results support the idea that the energy-linked transhydrogenase is an important source of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate for Escherichia coli under some conditions. PMID- 6986365 TI - Polarity of amber mutations in ribosomal protein genes of Escherichia coli. AB - Two amber mutations have been mapped inside the spcA-strA region (now called rpsE rpsL) on the bacterial genome. Derivatives of the transducing phage lambda fus3 carrying each mutation were constructed and assayed in ultraviolet-irradiated bacteria to identify the mutated genes and measure the polarity of the mutations. The data indicated that both mutations, 3162(Am) and 3161(Am), affect genes coding for ribosomal proteins: rplC (L3) and rpsN (S14), respectively. It was shown also that each mutation exerts, inside of its respective operon (S10 and spc units), a relatively strong polar effect on genes distal to the mutated locus. PMID- 6986367 TI - Genetic relationship between Treponema pallidum and Treponema pertenue, two noncultivable human pathogens. AB - Genetic relationships among two strains of Treponema pallidum (Nichols and KKJ) and a strain of T. pertenue were determined by measuring the degree of deoxyribonucleic acid sequence homology. The results in indicated that these three virulent, noncultivable treponemes were genetically indistinguishable. Like T. pallidum (Nichols), T. pertenue (Gauthier) had no detectable deoxyribonucleic acid sequence homology with T. phagedenis (biotype Reiter), T. refringens (biotype Noguchi), or with salmon sperm. PMID- 6986366 TI - Direct selection and analysis of mutational events which diminish the level of expression of the trp operon. AB - A new procedure was devised for selecting, from lac+ galE strains of Escherichia coli, mutants resistant to galactoside-induced lysis. When applied to trp-lac fusions, our method yields down mutations in the trp promoter. PMID- 6986368 TI - The purification and characterization of an adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase from Corynebacterium nephridii. AB - A deoxyadenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase has been purified to homogeneity from cell free extracts of Corynebacterium nephridii. Ion exchange chromatography of th extract on DEAE-Sephadex and DEAE-Bio-Gel A, followed by affinity chromatography on dGTP-Sepharose, yielded two forms of the reductase. The first reductase, which was weakly bound to the affinity column, was eluted with 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 6.5, while the second, more tightly bound form required 2 M urea for its elution. The weakly bound form is homogeneous as judged by gel filtration, equilibrium sedimentation, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This enzyme is a dimeric protein with a molecular weight of 196,000, composed of two identical or very similar subunits with molecular weights of 100,000. The second protein appears to be a polymeric form of the reductase. Both forms of the enzyme catalyze the reduction of the four common ribonucleoside diphosphates as well as the hydrogen exchange between adenosylcobalamin and the solvent. The ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase system of C. nephridii appears to be intermediate between the more "primitive" adenosylcobalamin-dependent reductase system of Lactobacillus leichmannii and the more "advanced" nonheme iron system of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6986369 TI - Synthesis of the apoprotein of cytochrome b in heme-deficient yeast cells. AB - The presence of the apoprotein of cytochrome b has been demonstrated in a mutant of Sacchromyces cerevisiae lacking delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase and, hence, devoid of heme. The apoprotein of cytochrome b present in the mutant was identical with cytochrome b of control cells (mutant cells grown in the presence of delta-aminolevulinic acid) by the following criteria: similar apparent molecular weights in dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; anomalous migration behavior during electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels of different porosities; identical gel pattern obtained after immunoprecipitation with specific antiserum against cytochrome b; and identical fingerprints obtained after limited proteolysis with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The kinetics of incorporation in vivo of [35S]methionine into apoprotein of cytochrome b in the mutant suggested that heme deficiency may affect assembly into the membrane of subunits of the cytochrome b.c1 complex rather than synthesis of cytochrome b. PMID- 6986370 TI - Allosteric control by calcium and mechanism of desensitization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6986372 TI - The role of zinc-bound water in liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalysis. AB - To elucidate the role of zinc-bound water in liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalysis, chelation by 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2-bipyridine was studied. The rate constants for association of both chelating agents to the active center zinc were pH-dependent with a pKa of 9.2 and preferential binding to a protonated form. The binary complex dissociation rate constants were pH-independent for both chelating agents. In the presence of saturating NAD+, the pKa for the equilibrium binding of 2,2-bipyridine was perturbed to 7.6, similar to the functional group previously shown to be involved in NAD+ binding. The presence of saturating imidazole resulted in pH-independent 2,2-bipyridine binding. These studies provide compelling evidence that the ionizing enzyme functional group involved in coenzyme binding, proton liberation, and conformational states is zinc-bound water. The limiting rate of chelation by 2,2-bipyridine was pH-independent, and no limiting rate was observed in the presence of saturating imidazole. These results indicate that the limiting rate of chelation is due to the rate of dissociation of zinc-bound water. The implications of this regarding the role of zinc in catalytic turnover of liver alcohol dehydrogenase are discussed. PMID- 6986371 TI - Primary structure of Serratia marcescens anthranilate synthase component II. AB - The amino acid sequence of anthranilate synthase component II (AS II) from Serratia marcescens was determined. The cysteine residue essential for glutamine utilization was alkylated selectively by iodo [1-14C]acetamide prior to separation of the two protein components of anthranilate synthase. The isolated AS II then was subjected to cleavage by cyanogen bromide and by trypsin after citraconylation to obtain overlapping fragments. AS II is a single polypeptide chain of 192 residues having a calculated molecular weight of 20,956. The active site region is virtually identical to that of the Pseudomonas putida AS II enzyme (Kawamura, M., Keim, P.S., Goto, Y., Zalkin, H., and Heinrikson, R.L. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 4659-4668). Overall amino acid sequence similarity is 43%. PMID- 6986373 TI - Regulation of the synthesis of S-100 protein in rat glial cells. AB - The influence of serum on the synthesis of the nervous system specific S-100 protein has been investigated in the rat glial cell clone C61a. In sparse cells, where S-100 synthesis is low, removal of serum leads to a 2- to 3-fold increase of the rate of S-100 synthesis relative to total soluble cell protein. Measurements of S-100 content by radioimmunoassay showed that sparse cells are accumulating S-100 much more rapidly in the absence of serum. Our findings suggest that serum components inhibit the expression of S-100 synthesis in sparse cells by a concentration-dependent mechanism. This effect does not correlate directly with the reduced cellular growth rate in low serum or serum-free medium. Lipid-free medium, which has little growth-promoting activity, maintains the capacity to lower the rate of S-100 synthesis. A partially purified extract of platelets can substitute for serum in repressing the synthesis of the S-100 protein. PMID- 6986374 TI - The stringent and relaxed phenomena in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We present here a detailed analysis of the effect of amino acid starvation and the addition of cycloheximide on RNA metabolism of yeast cells and spheroplasts. These effects have been studied at the level of uridine phosphorylation, methylation of rRNA, and biosynthesis of 35 S, 4 S, and 5 S RNA species. Amino acid starvation inhibits the phosphorylation of uridine assigned for RNA synthesis more than that for other metabolic processes. This implies that a salvage pathway for the synthesis of UMP and CMP is regulated by the rate of transcription and perhaps is localized in the nucleus. The rate of rRNA methylation is not coupled with the rate of transcription; therefore, quantitation of 35 S RNA synthesis (yeast rRNA primary transcript by [methyl 3H]methionine labeling is unreliable. Biosynthesis of 35 S RNA ceases immediately after the cells are transferred to an amino-acid-deficient medium; at a later time 4 S and 5 S RNAs are also inhibited. Therefore, coordination and noncoordination in the stringent response of these RNA species depend upon the time of starvation. Although addition of a small dose (less than 1.0 microgram/ml) of cycloheximide to starved yeast spheroplasts does not alter the rate of uridine phosphorylation, it increases the rate of entrance of uridine into total RNA. This effect is of greater magnitude in 4 S and 5 S than in 35 S RNA. Since the drug does not alter the rate of decay of 35 S RNA that takes place in starvation, it has a selective effect on transcription. A similar small dose, however, produces inhibition of transcription of all these RNA species in nonstarved conditions. This opposite effect of the drug appears to be a characteristic feature of RNA metabolism in eukaryotes. PMID- 6986375 TI - Reactions of asparaginase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A mechanistic analysis of hydrolysis and hydroxylaminolysis. AB - Detailed kinetic analysis was performed on asparaginase II, a cell wall glycoprotein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme was highly active in the hydrolysis and hydroxylaminolysis reactions with D- and L-asparagine and with a variety of N-substituted analogues. The data from studies involving pH dependencey, substrate saturation, and product inhibition support the hypotheses that (a) the yeast asparaginase mechanism proceeds via an acyl enzyme intermediate; (b) an ionizable group on the enzyme, pK approximately 6.0, is involved in the acylation and deacylation reactions; and (c) yeast asparaginase II is a peptidoasparaginase. PMID- 6986376 TI - On the mechanism of streptolydigin inhibition of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. AB - The mechanism of streptolydigin inhibition of RNA synthesis has been investigated with a combination of steady state kinetics and product analysis by employing the abortive initiation reaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The pattern of inhibition by streptolydigin on the poly[d(A-T)] . poly[d(A-T)]template (non competitive versus AMP; competitive versus UTP) was consistent with one inhibitor binding site and with an ordered addition of AMP followed by UTP. The more complicated patterns observed on the poly[d(I-C)] . poly[d(I-C)] template and the bacteriophage T7 A2 promotor (noncompetitive versus CTP) were explained by assuming that streptolydigin could stabilize the translocated ternary complex containing the product dinucleotide. Product analysis of two other abortive initiation reactions showed that the product did not dissociate from the inhibitor-bound translocated ternary complex. Finally, rifampicin and streptolydigin were shown to be functionally independent during initiation on several templates. PMID- 6986378 TI - The subunit structure of the high affinity insulin receptor. Evidence for a disulfide-linked receptor complex in fat cell and liver plasma membranes. AB - 125I-Insulin equilibrated with high affinity fat cell and liver plasma membrane receptors was cross-linked to the membrane by addition of disuccinimidyl suberate. Autoradiographic analysis of the 125I-insulin-linked membranes subsequent to dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in the absence of reductant revealed the presence of one labeled species which migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 300,000. Electrophoresis of these membranes in the presence of dithiothreitol resulted in the appearance of one major labeled band of about Mr = 125,000 concomitant with the loss of label in the Mr = 300,000 region. Another radioactive species which migrated in the Mr = 225,000 region on the reduced gels contained a much smaller amount of label. The degree to which the Mr = 125,000 membrane component was cross-linked to 125I-insulin in these experiments paralleled the extent of occupancy of high affinity membrane receptors by the 125I-insulin. 125I-Insulin-linked plasma membranes derived from adipocytes alkylated with N-ethylmaleimide prior to homogenization to prevent spontaneous sulfhydryl oxidation also exhibited the Mr = 300,000 and 125,000 labeled bands upon electrophoresis in the absence and presence of reductant, respectively. These same radioactive species were observed when 125I-insulin was covalently corss-linked to intact adipocytes. These data indicate that the labeled monomer with an apparent molecular weight of 125,00 represents a high affinity insulin receptor subunit which exists in the native adipocyte plasma membrane in a disulfide-linked complex. The amount of cross-linked label present in the reduced form of the receptor (Mr = 125,000) was only 20 to 30% of that present in the oxidized species (Mr = 300,000). Since the 125I-insulin used in these studies is labeled predominantly on the A chain, this large loss of label upon reduction indicates that it is predominantly the B chain of insulin that is covalently linked to the receptor protein by disuccinimidyl suberate. 125I Proinsulin which lacks an A chain NH2 terminus could also be cross-linked to the receptor, indicating that the A1 glycine is not critical to the cross-linking reaction. 125I-Insulins modified either at lysine B29 with an acetyl group or at phenylalanine B1 with a phenylthiocarbamoyl group were both readily cross-linked to the receptor with roughly equal efficiency. It is concluded that the B1 terminal amino and B29 lysine amino groups are both accessible for cross-linking of insulin to the receptor by disuccinimidyl suberate. PMID- 6986379 TI - Purification of the adipocyte insulin receptor by immunoaffinity chromatography. PMID- 6986377 TI - Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Studies on the mechanism of synergistic activation by nucleotides. AB - Kinetic studies were done to obtain a quantitative estimation of the synergistic interactions that occur between phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (orthophosphate:oxaloacetate carboxylase (phosphorylating) E.C. 4.1.1.31) from Escherichia coli K12 and various combinations of its primary substrate, P enolpyruvate, and the activators acetylcoenzyme A, CDP, GTP, and fructose 1,6 bisphosphate. The analysis involves the evaluation of apparent K values, KS for P enolpyru;ate and KA for activators, as a function of the concentration of P enolpyruvate or another activator in the case of KA determinations. Methods are presented which allow the determination of dissociation constants for P enolpyruvate and activators from binary, ternary, and quaternary complexes of enzyme with substrates or activators, or both. It was observed that synergistic activation occurs with acetyl coenzyme A and all of the coactivators but not with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and the other co-activators. The enhancement of binding from the binary enzyme substrate (or activator) complex to the ternary or quaternary complexes is in the range of 100-fold. The dissociation constants for P-enolpyruvate, acetyl coenzyme A, CDP, and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate are the same from any active enzyme species. Synergistic activation by multiple activators reflects the ability of co-activators to shift the equilibrium concentrations of active enzyme species away from the inactive forms via a modified "cascade" scheme, thus decreasing the probability that dissociation of any one activator will yield an inactive enzyme species. PMID- 6986380 TI - Characterization of promoter containing DNA fragments based on the abortive initiation reaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. AB - The abortive initiation reaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was demonstrated to be a general method for the rapid identification and quantitation of promoter sites on DNA. The presence of the T7 promoters, A1, A2, A3, and D on an isolated restriction fragment of the phage template was demonstrated. In addition, abortive initiation results indicated that the D promoter transcript started with pppGpUpUpG. This technique should prove particularly useful for screening DNA fragments for the number and type of promoters present. PMID- 6986381 TI - Studies of RNA chain initiation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase bound to T7 DNA. Direct analysis of the kinetics of RNA chain initiation at T7 promoter A2. PMID- 6986382 TI - Regulation of ribosomal and transfer RNA synthesis by guanosine 5'-diphosphate-3' monophosphate. AB - Permeabilized cells of Escherichia coli were used to examine the effect on RNA synthesis of guanosine 5'-diphosphate-3'-monophosphate (ppGp). Electrophoretic and hybridization analysis of bulk RNA demonstrated that ppGp selectively reduced the accumulation of both ribosomal and transfer RNAs. The experiments further suggested that the observed reduction in stable RNA accumulation resulted from a reduction in stable RNA chain initiation rather than an effect on elongation, processing, or maturation of stable RNA transcripts. In contrast, the expression of the lac Z gene was not affected by ppGp. These results suggest that ppG, a nucleotide produced in E. coli during the stringent response, could play a direct role in the stringent regulation of stable RNA synthesis. PMID- 6986383 TI - Role of bacteriophage T4 DNA-delay gene products in deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. PMID- 6986384 TI - Cell-free synthesis of the phenoxazinone synthetase subunit by polyribosomes from Streptomyces antibioticus. PMID- 6986385 TI - The catalytic mechanism of the glutamyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli. Detection of an intermediate complex in which glutamate is activated. AB - Up to now it was not possible to isolate an enzyme . adenylate complex after mixing the glutamyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli with ATP, MgCl2, and glutamate. This enzyme catalyzes an AMP-dependent and PPi-independent deacylation of Glu-tRNAGlu. The labeled glutamate which disappears from Glu-tRNAGlu in the presence of AMP remains linked to the enzyme in a complex isolated by filtration on nitrocellulose discs. The addition of tRNAGlu to this reaction mixture at the deacylation plateau gives rise to a synthesis of Glu-tRNAGlu, via an ATP independent reaction. These results indicate the existence of the following equilibrated reaction catalyzed by the glutamyl-tRNA synthetase E + Glu-tRNAGlu + AMP in equilibrium E . AMP approximately Glu + tRNAGlu. This transfer of glutamate from an activated complex to tRNAGlu indicates that the formation of glutamyl-tRNA is catalyzed via a two-step reaction mechanism. The AMP-dependent and PPi-independent deacylation of Glu-tRNAGlu is the rate-limiting step of the reverse of the AMP- and PPi-dependent deacylation. PMID- 6986388 TI - Synthesis, assembly into the cytoplasmic membrane, and proteolytic processing of the precursor of coliphage M13 coat protein. PMID- 6986387 TI - A model for the assembly of aspartate transcarbamoylase from catalytic and regulatory subunits. PMID- 6986386 TI - Equilibrium and kinetic studies of the association of catalytic and regulatory subunits of aspartate transcarbamoylase. PMID- 6986389 TI - Identification of a cytidine-specific ribonuclease from chicken liver. AB - Rapid RNA sequencing technology was used to determine if the base specificities of an RNase recently purified from chicken liver would prove useful for RNA sequence analysis. Escherichia coli 5 S [5'-32P]rRNA or yeast 5.8 S [5'-32P]rRNA was digested with the enzyme and this digest, along with digests derived from RNases of known specificity (U2, T1, T2) were subjected to electrophoresis through denaturing polyacrylamide slab gels. Following autoradiography, the banding patterns arising from the activity of each enzyme were compared, and the base specificity of the unknown RNase was established. The chicken liver RNase was found to have a marked preference for phosphodiester bonds containing cytidylic acid residues, a property which should make the enzyme useful for distinguishing between pyrimidines in RNA sequencing. PMID- 6986390 TI - Primary structure of Escherichia coli tRNA UUR Leu. Presence of an unknown adenosine derivative in the first position of the anticodon which recognizes the UU codon series. AB - The primary structure of Escherichia coli tRNA UUR Le which recognizes the UU series of codons has been determined. The sequence is pG-C-C-C-G-G-A-s4U-G-G-U-G G-A-A-D-C-Gm-C-D-A-G-A-C-A-C-A-A-G-G-G-A-psi-U-N-A-A-ms2i6A-A-psi-C-C-C-C-U-C-G-G C-G-G-C-G-U-U-C-G-C-G-C-U-G-U-G-C-G-G-G-T-psi-C-A-A-G-U-C-C-C-G-C-U-C-C--G-G-G-U A-C-C-A. The chain length of tRNA UUR Leu is 87 residues, the same as other E. coli tRNA Leu s and T4 phage-coded tRNA Leus. Its sequence is especially similar to that of E. coli tRNA2 Leu in the Darm and T psi C arm regions. E. coli tRNA UUR Leu contains an unknown modified nucleoside in the first position of the anticodon and was shown by mass spectrometry and chemical degradation to be an adenosine derivativee. Addition of tRNA UUR Leu to a cell-free protein synthesizing system with high Mg2+ concentration resulted in the formation of polyleucine miscoded by poly(U), indicating that the unknown modified nucleoside exhibits a tendency to recognize U under certain conditions. PMID- 6986391 TI - Racial differences in blood pressure in Evans County, Georgia: relationship to sodium and potassium intake and plasma renin activity. PMID- 6986392 TI - Ectopic production of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein by a nontrophoblastic tumor in vitro. AB - To demonstrate the ectopic production of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PSbetaG) by a nontrophoblastic tumor, the in vitro secretion of this glycoprotein was evaluated in an hCG-producing ovarian cystadenocarcinoma cell line maintained in long term cell culture. Parallelism was demonstrated between the immunoreactive material present in the tissue culture media and highly purified PSbetaG measured by a sensitive and specific RIA. The immunoreactive material was shown to cochromatograph with purified PSbetaG present in normal term pregnancy serum on a Sephadex G-150 column. The tumor PSbetaG was adsorbed to concanavalin A-Sepharose and eluted with alpha-D-methyl-glucoside in a manner similar to purified PSbetaG. The indirect immunoperoxidase method with anti PSbetaG sera localized PSbetaG in secretory vesicles and in the endoplasmic reticulum of the tumor cells by light and electron microscopy. The addition of sodium butyrate to the tissue culture media stimulated PSbetaG production in a fashion quantitatively similar to that seen with hCG. The number of PSbetaG staining intracellular vesicles also increased after exposure to butyrate. These studies provide direct evidence for the ectopic production of PSbetaG by a nontrophoblastic tumor cell line. PMID- 6986394 TI - Glucocorticoid suppression of pancreatic and pituitary hormones: pancreatic polypeptide, growth hormone, and prolactin. PMID- 6986393 TI - Differences in insulin receptors between men and menstruating women and influence of sex hormones on insulin binding during the menstrual cycle. AB - Specific binding of [125I]insulin to circulating monocytes and erythrocytes from nine normal menstruating women and nine normal men was determined during a 28-day period (one sample every 7 days). In women, insulin binding was higher to both monocytes (P less than 0.001) and erythrocytes (P less than 0.02) in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase. In men, insulin binding to monocytes was similar to the follicular phase values for women; however, insulin binding to erythrocytes from men showed higher values than insulin binding to erythrocytes from women in both the follicular (P less than 0.001) and luteal (P less than 0.001) phases. These differences were due primarily to changes in receptor concentration rather than receptor affinity. An inverse relationship was found between insulin binding to monocytes and levels of 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone; this relationship was not observed in insulin binding to erythrocytes. The present data, therefore, suggest that sex hormones may play a role in the control of insulin receptors. Furthermore, it appears that other factors exist during the follicular phase that lower insulin binding to erythrocyte insulin receptors. If insulin receptors on circulating cells reflect the behavior of the main insulin target tissues, the present data might in part explain the reduction in glucose tolerance reported by various authors in the second half of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6986395 TI - Plasma prolactin in normal and hypertensive subjects: relationships with age, posture, blood pressure, catecholamines, and renin. PMID- 6986396 TI - Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis in patients with hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. PMID- 6986397 TI - Elevated hypoglycemic index and late hyperinsulinism in symptomatic postprandial hypoglycemia. PMID- 6986398 TI - Glucose intolerance in hyperthyroidism: role of glucagon. PMID- 6986399 TI - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: use of cold-temperature enrichment for isolation. AB - The successful isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from the stool of an asymptomatic family member of a patient with yersinia septicemia is presented. Cold enrichment permitted the isolation after 4 weeks of refrigerator incubatio,. PMID- 6986400 TI - Liquid medium for growth of Legionella pneumophila. AB - The medium described is a simple yeast extract broth capable of growing large number of Legionella neumophila, the causative organism of Legionnaires disease. Filtration was chosen as a means of sterilization, since medium that was autoclaved did not support growth without the presence of Norite A. The filtered medium gave rapid cell growth and maintained the initial antigen production. The observed generation time was 99 min with a maximum cell population of 2 X 10(2) COLONY-FORMING UNITS PER ML IN APPROXIMATELY 40 H. PMID- 6986401 TI - Rapid biochemical characterization of Haemophilus species by using the micro-ID. AB - Biotyping of Haemophilus influenzae into five type and H. parainfluenzae into three types based on indole production, ornithine decarboxylase, and urease has been reported (M. Kilian, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. B 82:835--842, 1976). A commercially available test system designed for the 4-h identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Micro-ID, proved efficacious for the rapid biotyping of these two Haemophilus species. The nitrate reductase, indole production, ornithine decarboxylase, urease, and o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside hydrolysis tests in Micro-ID correlated over 99% with conventional methodology. By utilizing the indole and o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside tests it was possible, with 261 of 272 (96.1%) isolates, to distinguish H. influenzae from H. parainfluenzae. Cerebrospinal fluid isolates were over 90% H. influenzae biotype I, and conjunctival isolates were approximately 70% biotype II. Type b H. influenzae were predominantly biotypes I and II; these type b isolates were also overwhelmingly indole producers. Although over 90% of biotypes I and II have been reported to produce beta-lactamase, this was not confirmed by the small number of beta-lactamase producers encountered here. The 4-h Micro-ID should prove a useful mechanism, amenable to the routine clinical laboratory, for the further exploration of the association of Haemophilus with the site of isolation, antigenicity, and antibiotic resistance. PMID- 6986403 TI - Coagglutination as an expedient for grouping Escherichia coli associated with urinary tract infections. AB - Thirteen serogroups of Escherichia coli most frequently are responsible for urinary tract infections in humans. Knowledge of serogroup is required for epidemiological reasons and to help differentiate between new and reemergent strains in infected patients. Coagglutination and bacterial agglutination were compared as serodiagnostic tools for identifying groups of E. coli associated with these infections. In contradistinction to bacterial agglutination, coagglutination showed no cross-reactions for 12 of the 13 known strains obtained from the Center for Disease Control. A single antiserum, E. coli O4, caused bacterial agglutination and not coagglutination. In addition, staphylococcal cells that were coated with antiserum reacted with sheep erythrocytes that had been treated with soluble extract of E. coli. The latter reaction, cohemagglutination, was as specific and rapid as coagglutination; easily visible patterns of clumping developed within 1 min after sensitized staphylococci and E. coli reagent were mixed. These results revealed a method that is sensitive and reproducible for identifying serogroups of E. coli responsible for urinary tract infections. PMID- 6986402 TI - Microtiter ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for vibrio and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins and antitoxin. AB - We have developed a microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for detecting the heat-labile enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli using GM1 ganglioside as the base coat. This method compares favorably with a similar assay using anticholera toxin as the base coat, and with the Y1 adrenal cell assay. The assay should be useful in detecting enterotoxin production in E. coli and vibrios (including non-agglutinating Vibrio), in quantitating the toxin, and in determining binding properties of enterotoxins to ganglioside. The assay can also be used to quantitate antibodies which block the attachment of the toxin to the ganglioside. PMID- 6986404 TI - Direct immunofluorescent detection of Legionella pneumophila in respiratory specimens. AB - Respiratory secretions from patients with clinically suspected Legionnaires pneumonia were examined by direc immunofluorescent tests at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont and at the Center for Disease Control. No fluorescent bacteria were found by either laboratory in eight specimens from eight patients who were seronegative. Twenty specimens were obtained from seven patients who had serologically confirmed Legionnaires disease. Four of the seven cases were identified at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont, and six of the seven were identified at the Center for Disease Control. Of 20 specimens, 8 were positive at the Center for Disease Control (six or more bacilli per slide), and 7 specimens were suspicious (one to five bacilli per slide); at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont, 4 of 20 specimens were positive, and 2 were suspicious. The inclusion of a rhodamine-conjugated counterstain at the Center for Disease Control facilitated the examination and may have improved the sensitivity. Smears from transtracheal aspirates, bronchoscopic aspirates, transcutaneous lung aspirates, pleural fluids, and tracheal aspirate-expectorated sputum produced positive results. Several specimens contained fluorescing bacilli when stained for serogroup 2 as well as serogroup 1, perhaps reflecting the presence of cross reacting antigens in vivo. PMID- 6986405 TI - Comparison of different assays for definition of heat-stable enterotoxigenicity of Escherichia coli porcine strains. AB - Ninety-one Escherichia coli strains isolated from porcine neonatal diarrhea, representing 28 O-groups and rough and non-O-groupable strains, were examined for enterotoxigenicity (heat stable [ST] or heat labile [LT]) by using bacterial suspensions in intestinal loop tests in 3- to 7-week-old piglets and culture supernatant fluids in the Y1 adrenal cell test, the 18-h rabbit intestinal loop test, and the infant mouse test. Eleven strains in O-groups 101, 138, 147, and 149 were positive in all four assay systems and were designated ST + LT. Fourteen strains within O-groups 8, 9, 20, 64, 141, and 149 and non-O-groupable were positive only in the 3- to 7-week-old piglet loop test and the infant mouse test and were designated ST pig + mouse. Sixteen strains distributed among O-groups 8, 16, 32, 50, 51, 98, 115, 141, 149, and 157 were positive only in the piglet intestinal loop test and were designated ST pig. Three strains of O-groups 8, 9, and 140 were positive only in the infant mouse assay and were designated ST mouse. Two strains of O-group 149 were positive in all tests except the infant mouse test and were designated LT. A total of 42 strains were negative in all four tests (Ent(-)), and 3 strains could not be categorized by the enterotoxigenicity criteria used. All K88-positive isolates, 17 strains of O groups 8, 32, 147, and 149, were positive in at least one enterotoxigenicity test. ST pig and ST mouse strains gave positive intestinal loop tests as bacterial suspensions in 4- to 10-day-old piglets. A 6-h piglet intestinal loop test performed with heat-inactivated culture supernatants was preferable to an 18 to 20-h test for determination of ST production by strains of diverse O-groups. ST production by the two strains designated LT was detected by the 6-h test. The infant mouse test, although highly reproducible and convenient, appears to possess considerable limitations in routine screening of E. coli of porcine origin for ST production. PMID- 6986406 TI - Comparison of plasma extraction techniques in preparation of samples for endotoxin testing by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. AB - Due to the presence of inhibitory and possible mimicking substances in plasma difficulties have occurred in the use of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. Currently, there are a variety of extraction techniques discussed in the literature which are used to remove these interfering substances, but there is little information comparing these techniques. Five such procedures were compared in their ability to provide an extracted plasma sample in which low levels of endotoxin could be detected by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. Results indicated that some procedures adversely affected endotoxin detection. The dilution + heating extraction method was found to be as effective as the widely used chloroform extraction method. Comparison of Limulus amoebocyte lysate test results from healthy human plasma samples extracted by these two methods indicated that lysate type and not extraction procedure was associated with previously reported questionable positive tests. Thus, ambiguities associated with Limulus amoebocyte lysate tests of plasma samples may be due not only to extraction method but also the lysate type employed. PMID- 6986408 TI - New heat-stable acid-phosphatase test for differentiation of mycobacteria. AB - A simple, rapid, heat-stable (70 degrees C) acid-phosphatase test for differentiation of mycobacteria was developed with the alpha-naphthylphosphoric acid-diazonium o-dianisidine color reagent. PMID- 6986407 TI - Serodiagnosis of respiratory synctial virus infections in infants and young children by the immunoperoxidse technique. AB - The immunoperoxidase antibody (IPA) technique was used to develop two new tests for serodiagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections: a microneutralization test based on the reduction of the number of infected cells and an IPA test for determination of virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG). Neutralizing antibody was determined both in the presence and absence of complement. In a group of 24 infants and young childres, ages less than 1 to 36 months, with acute respiratory syncytial virus infection, serodiagnosis was made by the IPA-IgG test in 20 cases, by neutralization test with addition of complement in 19 cases, and by neutralization test without addition of complement in 17 cases. Complement fixation detected only 12 cases of infection. All four cases not serologically diagnosed were infants less than 1 month old. Neutralization test antibody titers in the presence of complement were usually 4- to 16-fold higher than titers obtained without addition of complement. Both IPA IgG and neutralization test (in the presence of complement) appear very efficient in serologically detecting respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants older than 1 month and give rapid results (IPA-IgG takes 2 h to complete, and the neutralization test takes 24 h). However, IPA-IgG is simpler to perform. PMID- 6986410 TI - Resistance of gram-negative bacteria to purified bactericidal leukocyte proteins: relation to binding and bacterial lipopolysaccharide structure. AB - The sensitivity or resistance of gram-negative bacteria to antibacterial systems appears to be related to the length of the saccharide chain of the bacterial envelope lipopolysaccharides (LPS). To explore this relationship further, we made use of two bactericidal, membrane-active cationic proteins, recently purified to near homogeneity, one from human and one from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). We have studied the effects of these two closely similar proteins on strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, each separate strain differing in the saccharide chain length of its outer membrane LPS. Binding of these proteins to the bacterial outer membrane is required for killing, and is accompanied by an almost immediate increase in outer membrane permeability to normally impermeant actinomycin D. Sensitivity to the bactericidal and permeability-increasing activities of the human and rabbit proteins increases with decreasing LPS-saccharide chain length (chemotype: [S < Ra < Rb(3) < Rc < Rd(1)]). S. typhimurium G-30 and E. coli J5, mutant strains lacking UDP-galactose 4-epimerase, synthesize incomplete LPS (chemotype Rc) when grown without galactose, and are then as sensitive to both PMN proteins as the S. typhimurium strains 395 R10 (Rd(1)) and R5 (Rb(3)). However, when these mutants are grown with galactose, they synthesize complete LPS (chemotype S) and exhibit nearly the same relative insensitivity as the smooth strains S. typhimurium 395 MS and E. coli 0111:B4. The differences among strains in sensitivity to the effects of the proteins on bacterial viability and permeability correspond to differences in bacterial binding of these PMN proteins. Thus, at protein concentrations that produce maximal antibacterial activity toward the rough bacteria, but little or no activity toward the smooth strains, rough bacteria bind from 3- to 10-fold more protein (S. typhimurium 395 R10; S. typhimurium G-30, and E. coli J5 [grown without galactose]) than do the smooth bacteria (S. typhimurium 395 MS; E. coli 0111:B4; S. typhimurium G-30 and E. coli J5 [grown with galactose]). These findings suggest that bacterial sensitivity or resistance to these purified bactericidal PMN proteins is determined by the binding properties of the outer membrane, which in turn depends upon the LPS-saccharide chain length. PMID- 6986409 TI - Preservation of androgen secretion during estrogen suppression with aminoglutethimide in the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. AB - We evaluated the comparative effects of aminoglutethimide (AG) on androgen and estrogen levels estrone ([E1], estradiol [E2], plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA-S], testosterone [T], dihydrotestosterone [DHT], delta 4 androstenedione [delta 4-A]), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer randomly allocated to either AG treatment or bilateral surgical adrenalectomy as a control group. In response to either treatment, the plasma levels of E1 fell 62 75% (P less than 0.001) and urine E1 85.7-88.7% (P less than 0.001) in all study days over a 12-wk period. Similarly, the concentrations of E2 in plasma and urine fell 40-72% without statistically significant differences between the two treatment modalities. The relatively weak androgen, DHEA-S, was reduced by 92% (877.3 +/- 184.6 to 71.8 +/- 14.5 ng/ml) at 12 wk in women treated with AG, but suppressed nearly 99% (1,151 +/- 262 to 5.8 +/- 3.3 ng/ml) in adrenalectomized women. At all time points after treatment, the DHEA-S levels were significantly higher in patients receiving AG. Plasma concentrations of the potent androgens, T and DHT, were also relatively preserved during AG treatment. T levels were never significantly reduced by AG, and DHT concentrations were decreased only at the 4th wk to a maximum of 20%. delta 4-A levels fell 56% in response to this drug only on the 12th wk of therapy (basal, 0.79 +/- 0.09 ng/ml; 12 wk, 0.35 +/- 0.07 ng/ml). In marked contrast, all androgens fell significantly at each time period in response to surgical adrenalectomy, with an 81% maximum suppression of T, 73% of DHT, and 97% of delta 4-A. In response to estrogen suppression, plasma levels of FSH, LH, and prolactin did not change significantly throughout the treatment period in either therapy group. To examine possible contributions of the postmenopausal ovary to hormone levels during therapy, data from surgically castrate and spontaneously menopausal women were evaluated separately. No significant differences between the two groups were observed for E1, E2, T, DHT, DHEA-S, delta 4-A, LH, FSH, and prolactin. We conclude that equivalent and highly significant estrogen suppression occurs with either AG or surgical adrenalectomy although androgen secretion is preserved during AG treatment but not after surgical adrenalectomy. The combined effects of estrogen deprivation associated with androgen preservation might be significant in the therapeutic action of AG in hormone-responsive neoplasms. PMID- 6986414 TI - Nasalance patterns in esophageal speech. AB - Velopharyngeal activity during esophageal speech was investigated indirectly by use of TONAR II instrumentation, which measures the oral--nasal acoustic ratio. Eight very good esophageal speakers who used an injection type of insufflation served as subjects. Each subject read three standardized passages containing varying amounts of nasal consonants. The results indicated that these speakers have a slower, but functional, velopharyngeal mechanism. PMID- 6986412 TI - Glucagon deficiency and hyperaminoacidemia after total pancreatectomy. AB - The first goal of this study was to investigate whether totally pancreatectomized patients are glucagon deficient and if so, to what degree. Immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) concentrations in peripheral plasma of nine pancreatectomized patients were not significantly different from those of 10 normal controls as measured by two antisera (30-K and RCS-5) both detecting the COOH-terminal portion of the molecule and one (RCS-5) postulated to be specific for pancreatic glucagon. Plasma from six of nine pancreatectomized patients were fractionated over Sephadex G-50 and IRG was measured with both antisera in the column eluates. Using 30-K, 80.8 +/- 9% of the IRG eluted within the void volume. This material was rechromatographed on Sephadex G-200 and found to have an apparent mol wt of approximately 200,000. Only 18.3 +/- 9% eluted in the IRG3500 region. IRG3500 was significantly reduced in pancreatectomized patients as compared to normal controls (49 +/- 9 vs. 18 +/- 9 pg/ml, P less than 0.05). Using RCS-5, all IRG (corresponding to 20 +/- 6 pg/ml of plasma) eluted in the IRG3500 region. The second goal of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic glucagon deficiency on plasma amino acids. In the nine pancreatectomized patients studied, postabsorptive plasma concentrations of serine, alanine, arginine, glycine, threonine, citrulline, alpha-aminobutyrate, and tryosine were significantly elevated compared to values obtained from 20 normal controls. Physiological glucagon increments produced in two pancreatectomized patients by infusion of glucagon (6.25 and 8.0 microgram/h, respectively) resulted in normalization of the hyperaminoacidemia within 22 h. We conclude (a) that pancreatectomized patients are partially glucagon deficient because of diminished basal as well as diminished stimulated glucagon secretion; (b) that fasting concentrations of certain glucogenic amino acids are elevated in pancreatectomized patients probably as result of reduce; hepatic gluconeogenesis; and (c) that the RCS-5 antiserum is not "pancreatic glucagon" specific. PMID- 6986413 TI - In vitro idiotypic suppression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes secreting monoclonal immunoglobulin M anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody. AB - A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was found to have B cells with surface immunoglobulin (Ig)M manifesting anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) specificity together with a high titer serum monoclonal anti-SRBC IgM antibody. By immunizing a sheep with the monoclonal IgM antibody, followed by multiple absorptions against normal human IgM, an anti-idiotype (Id) antibody was obtained. The serum IgM anti-SRBC antibody was then demonstrated to share the same idiotypic determinants with the surface IgM with anti-SRBC specificity on the patient's B cells. The anti-Id antibody suppressed the spontaneous secretion of anti-SRBC antibody as well as the pokeweed mitogen-induced anti-SRBC antibody production as measured by a hemolysis-in-gel plaque-forming cell assay. In contrast, pokeweed mitogen-induced anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell responses of normal individuals were not suppressed by the anti-Id antibody. Thus, this study demonstrates in vitro suppression of human B-cell function by anti-Id antibody. PMID- 6986415 TI - Cutaneous infections and disorders of inflammation. AB - In 1908, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine was shared by Elie Metchnikoff and Paul Ehrlich. Their joint commendation acknowledged the vigorous debate which then existed and, in a sense, paved the way for our modern recognition that both cellular and humoral mechanisms might participate in immunity. Of Ehrlich's and Metchnikoff's many accomplishments, those concerning the basic nature of the inflammatory reaction suggested a clinical potential that has been realized only in the last decade. Central to their theories was the implication that normal inflammatory processes were of benefit to the host and that disordered inflammation was likely to lead to disease. Over the past decade or so, we have recognized an extensive set of diseases associated with primary or acquired deficiencies of inflammation, thus beginning to catch up to the genius of Ehrlich and Metchnikoff. Most, if not all, of these disorders demonstrate major cutaneous involvement in their clinical and biologic presentations. It is thus of essential importance that the dermatologist be familiar with this fascinating spectrum of disease, and it is to this end that this review is directed. PMID- 6986416 TI - The stratum corneum biopsy for instant visualization of fungi. AB - Ultrathin specimens of infected stratum corneum taken with a flexible razor blade provide instant visualization of fungi on immersion in zylene. PMID- 6986411 TI - Prevention of collagen deposition following pulmonary oxygen toxicity in the rat by cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline. AB - Exposure of rats to high oxygen tensions causes increased collagen content of lungs and alveolar enlargement in 3-6 wk. We tested whether cis-hydroxyproline, a proline analogue that inhibits collagen synthesis, could prevent the collagen accumulation and alveolar enlargement. Rats were exposed to hyperoxia for 60 h and then to room air and hyperoxia for alternate 24-h periods for 11.5 d. Treated oxygen-exposed rats received 200 mg/kg cis-hydroxyproline twice daily over the 14 d exposure period. Control rats breathed room air. Examination of lungs on day 14 showed collagen content of oxygen-exposed lungs to be 48% greater than control (P < 0.05). The collagen content of the treated oxygen-exposed lungs was -12% of control (NS). Total lung volume was 16% greater than control in oxygen-exposed rats (P < 0.05) and 8% greater than control in treated oxygen-exposed rats (NS). Morphometric studies showed alveolar size was greater than control in oxygen exposed rats (188+/-11 [SE] vs. 143+/-6 mumul [P < 0.05]). Oxygen-exposed, treated rats had a mean alveolar volume of 150+/-7 mumul. Lung pressure-volume curves were significantly shifted to the left of control in the oxygen-exposed rats, whereas the curves of the oxygen-exposed, treated group were identical to control. These data suggest that cis-hydroxyproline prevented the accumulation of collagen in the lungs in pulmonary oxygen toxicity. In addition, there was apparent protection from airspace dilatation and decreased lung elasticity, suggesting that alveolar enlargement after oxygen toxicity is linked to the deposition in lung tissue of new connective tissue fibers. PMID- 6986417 TI - "Dr. Max Nordau." Neurologist, author, orator, journalist, and philosopher. PMID- 6986418 TI - Giant congenital composite melanocytic nevus on the face and scalp: treatment by multiple resections and grafting. AB - Surgical ablation of a giant congenital composite melanocytic nevus on a good part of the side of the face and scalp in a series of operations is described and illustrated. It was technically and cosmetically successful. PMID- 6986419 TI - Tipped teeth. PMID- 6986420 TI - Anesthesia for operative dentistry: time for a reevaluation. PMID- 6986424 TI - Accredited dental schools. Commission on Dental Accreditation. PMID- 6986421 TI - Retentive strength of acid-etched anterior fixed partial dentures: an in vitro comparison of attachment techniques. AB - Acid-etched fixed partial dentures are a rational alternative to other forms of removable prostheses because additional strength and increased resistance to fracture are achieved when the acrylic pontic is bonded with composite resin to natural tooth abutments. PMID- 6986422 TI - Avulsion of central incisors by elastic bands with subsequent orthodontic treatment. AB - Elastic bands, used to correct a diastema, slipped and resulted in the loss of the central incisors. PMID- 6986423 TI - Immunology in dentistry. AB - Implications of immunology in dental treatment are explained through discussion of the basic scientific principles of allergy, autoimmunity, immunization, immune dysfunction, tumor immunology, immunosuppression, and transplantation immunobiology. PMID- 6986425 TI - Dr. R. Phillips receives Fauchard medal. PMID- 6986426 TI - NYU honors Drs. Saklad, Nagle. PMID- 6986427 TI - The presidents. Mason Stillman Dean, 1874-1875. PMID- 6986428 TI - Arthorgraphy of the temporomandibular joint: review of current status. AB - Arthrography of the temporomandibular joint is used principally in cases of pain and dysfunction, specifically clicking, popping, or locking joints. The procedure is effective and safe but technically difficult to perform. PMID- 6986429 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 6986430 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of glycoprotein hormones in the rat anterior pituitary. A light and electron microscope study using antisera against rat bet subunits: a comparison between preembedding and postembeeding methods. AB - The binding sites of antisera (anti) to the beta (beta) subunits of rat follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH), rat luteinizing hormone (rLH), and rat thyroid stimulating hormone (rTSH) have been localized in rat anterior pituitaries by immunocytochemistry using light and electron microscopy. With the light microscope, LHbeta and FSHbeta were found in the same cells, which were violet after the alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. TSHbeta was found in polygonal or stellate cells that were blue after AB-PAS. With the electron microscope, the thyrotropic cells contained very small secretory granules. LHbeta and FSHbeta were found in various types of cells (types A and B and their intermediate forms), which had previously been identified as gonadotropic cells. On serial ultrathin sections using the postembedding method the same cells and even some granules inside these cells were stained by both anti-rLHbeta and anti rFSHbeta. A comparison of binding sites of anti-rLHbeta was performed using the preembeeding and the postembeeding methods. Antigenicity was observed on secretory granules whatever the method used. However, binding sites of anti rLHbeta were detected inside the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum only with the preembedding method. PMID- 6986433 TI - The distribution of lysosomal cathepsin D in cardiac myocytes. AB - Lysosomal cathepsin D has been localized with the electron microscope employing an indirect immunohistochemical method using peroxidase labeled, monospecific antibody Fab' subunits. The acid proteinase has been demonstrated within secondary lysosomes of cardiac myocytes and interstitial cells, but not in components of the Golgi apparatus or endoplasmic reticulum. Incubations with a variety of peroxidatic inhibitors suggests that the staining that is observed in secondary lysosomes is attributable to the peroxidase-labeled antibody and not to endogenous oxidation of DAB. The protocol outlined here provides a reproducible method to localize the major lysosomal acid proteinase of the heart at the subcellular level. PMID- 6986431 TI - Immunocytochemical detection of actin on fixed and embedded tissues: its potential use in routine pathology. PMID- 6986432 TI - Peroxidase histochemistry using diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride stored as a frozen solution. PMID- 6986434 TI - An immunofluorescence procedure for the tissue localization of glucosephosphate isomerase. AB - Anti-glucosephosphate isomerase antibodies have been used to reveal the presence of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzyme, glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) in mouse tissues by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The enzyme was localized in 6-micron sections from tissues embedded in paraffin. GPI was observed in the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle, all hepatocytes of the liver, and in the granulosa cells and oocytes of growing ovarian follicles. The immunofluorescence procedure circumvents the problems associated with the conventional localization of GPI by histochemistry and appears to be a more sensitive procedure for the detection of low concentrations of GPI, as demonstrated by the staining of the ovarian follicles. PMID- 6986435 TI - Immunofluorescence and histochemical localization of glucosephosphate isomerase in neural tissues. AB - The distribution of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI, D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol isomerase) in mouse nervous tissue has been determined at the light microscopic level by immunofluorescence and histochemical procedures. The fluorescence procedure, which utilizes anti-GPI antibodies, detected lower levels of GPI than the histochemical procedure, which relies upon the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The distribution of GPI in nervous tissue is very similar to that of hexokinase. High levels of GPI were found in the Purkinje cells, the molecular layer, and the glomeruli of the granular layer in the cerebellar cortex; the pontine nuclei and the inferior olivary nuclei of the pons and medulla; the neurons of the thalamus and hypothalamus; the pyramidal cells, the dentate nuclei, and Ammons' horn of the cerebral cortex; the ventral horn cells of the spinal cord; and ventricular cells, choroid plexus cells, and the leptomeninges. The neuropil throughout the central nervous system (CNS) stained uniformly with moderately high levels of GPI. No GPI was observed in the myelin sheaths of the CNS. PMID- 6986436 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of Fc receptors of human lymph node cells using peroxidase-antiperoxidase (IgG). AB - Human lymph node cells, prepared from regional lymph nodes excised from four patients with gastric cancer, were incubated with peroxidase-antiperoxidase (IgG) (PAPIgG). After being washed, they were reacted with diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride in the presence of H2O2. Light microscopic examination revealed that a certain proportion of lymph node cells (18.2-32.2%) were labeled on their cell surface with brown-colored reaction products and that the labeled cells were composed of small lymphocytes. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated electron-dense irregular-shaped aggregates of reaction products on the cell surface of lymphocytes. Characterization experiments confirmed that the immune complexes of PAPIgG bound specifically with Fc receptors. PAPIgG, therefore, can be used as a specific indicator for Fc receptor of human lymph node cells. PMID- 6986437 TI - Back to back autoradiography: a method for ultrastructural analysis of light microscopic autoradiographs. AB - A method for studying radiolabeled cells is described that combines the simplicity of light microscopic autoradiography with the high resolution of electron microscopy. Serial thin (600 A) and thick (1 micron) sections are placed on Formvar-coated slot grids and glass slides, respectively. Labeled cells are visualized on the thick section by autoradiography and may then be studied in the electron microscope by locating the corresponding fields on the grid. This technique permits accurate ultrastructural identification and analysis of radiolabeled cells, yet avoids the need for electron microscopic autoradiography. PMID- 6986438 TI - Girolamo, germs, and the shepherd boy. PMID- 6986439 TI - Winter thoughts about Sumer. PMID- 6986440 TI - Medical library services in Louisiana. PMID- 6986441 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antibodies in human sera to streptococcal DNase B. AB - An ELISA method for determining the streptococcal anti--DNase B titers in human sera is presented. The details of this technique, a method for converting A493 readings into titers, and a standardization procedure are discussed. Anti--DNase B titers of 20 sera determined by ELISA were compared with titers determined by the microtechnique. A correlation coefficient of 0.96 between the two methods was obtained. The reproducibility of the ELISA method was established by comparing titers obtained from two separate determinations on the 20 sera. Twenty-four pairs of acute and convalescent sera were assayed for anti--DNase B titers by both ELISA and microtechnique to compare the ability of the two techniques to identify significant titer rises. The ELISA was as specific and possibly more sensitive than the microtechnique in identifying significant anti--DNase B titer rises. This ELISA method is simple and rapid and has the potential for automation. PMID- 6986443 TI - In vitro response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis to lipopolysaccharides. AB - The effect of several LPSs on the thymidine uptake of lymphocytes from patients with RA was investigated. In contrast to normal controls, the mitogenic response to E. coli 026 B6 LPS by lymphocytes from patients with RA was significantly (2p less than 0.05) diminished. This effect was seen with Con A but not with PHA or PWM. No correlation with peripheral B or T cell percentages or with antibody titers to the LPS was found. The response to LPS was dependent on the species and strain of bacterium from which it was isolated. PMID- 6986442 TI - Stunted growth Candida albicans in human amniotic fluid in vitro. AB - The interaction of human AF with the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans was studied in vitro in 262 samples from early midtrimester and term gestations. Among 111 fluids collected between 15 and 18 weeks, 84% (93) manifested growth inhibiting activity on 10(2) fungal cells/ml at 24 hr. This phenomenon persisted to a similar extent in late pregnancy. It could not be explained by a lack of nutrients in AF, since the addition of TSB failed to influence the proportion of active fluids. Depletion of the yeast cell glycogen reserve potentiated the degree of fungistasis achieved in several samples (p = 0.0009). Supplementation with either SDB or a physiologic concentration of carbon dioxide effected a complete reversal (p less than 0.0001). Preliminary data as well as overall results suggest that the absolute transferrin content and its pH-dependent saturation with iron are key factors invovled in the growth-inhibiting activity. Germ tube formation was unrestricted in 115 second trimester fluids studied. Human AF probably helps to prevent congenital candidiasis, and this protective function must be better defined. PMID- 6986444 TI - Chronic pulmonary inflammation modulates the fate of proteins administered by the respiratory tract. AB - The systemic appearance of radioiodinated proteins (125I-OA and 131I-HSA) administered via the respiratory route was studied in normal rabbits and in rabbits with BCG-induced chronic granulomatous pulmonary inflammation. The proteins were administered by i.t. injection into intact rabbits and into rabbits with tracheal cannulas or as an aerosol into isolated perfused lungs. The results showed that radioactivity appeared in the circulation as two fractions, one that was precipitables with 5% TCA and therefore protein-bound and one that was soluble in TCA. In both intact and tracheostomized animals, significantly more protein-;ound radioactive iodine was detected in the circulation of BCG-treated animals than in normal animals as early as 15 min after i.t. injection, and the differences persisted from 2 to 4 hr. However, in the isolated perfused lung, in which the only route for protein uptake into the circulation was the alveolocapillary barrier, only minimal differences in blood protein levels were observed as compared to normal BCG-inflamed lungs. This study suggests that chronic pulmonary inflammation promotes the absorption of i.t.-injected protein into the circulation, and that the route of enhanced uptake into blood is not the alveolocapillary membrane. PMID- 6986445 TI - Absence of detectable bactericidal and opsonic activities in normal and infected human cerebrospinal fluids. A regional host defense deficiency. PMID- 6986447 TI - Distal acidification defect caused by pharmacological doses of insulin. PMID- 6986446 TI - Nocturnal urinary electrolyte excretion and its relationship to the renin system and sympathetic activity in normal and hypertensive man. AB - The categorization of patients with essential hypertension into low, normal, and high renin subgroups may be of some value as a research tool. We compared two different methods of renin-sodium indexing, relying on both 24 hr and 10 hr night urine specimens, to a renin suppression-stimulation method involving sodium loading with 2 L of intravenous saline and sodium depletion with 120 mg of oral furosemide plus a 10 mEq sodium diet. Age and race were considered in the analysis. The results from renin-sodium indices failed to consistently correspond with those obtained by the provocative maneuvers. Nocturnal UNaV exhibited a high degree of inverse correlation with renin in normals and all subgroups of hypertensives, whereas aldosterone was not correlated with nocturnal UNaV in patients with nonstimulable or nonsuppressible renin levels. UNeV and PNe were correlated inversely with UNaV and directly with UkV in normal subjects. Similar results were found in hypertensives. We conclude that renin-sodium indices and renin suppression-stimulation maneuvers do not necessarily identify the same hypertensive subgroups, particularly those with nonsuppressible renin. Aldosterone release is dependent on modulators other than sodium balance in patients at either end of the renin spectrum. Sodium intake influences sympathetic activity in normals and hypertensives. The relationship between potassium homeostasis and sympathetic activity warrants further study. PMID- 6986450 TI - A bibliography for a family medicine clerkship or preceptorship. PMID- 6986449 TI - Compliance-oriented prescribing: simplifying drug regimens. AB - Simplifying drug regimens is one method of improving patient compliance. Medications originally administered several times a day are now reported to maintain 24-hour effectiveness on once-daily administration. In many cases this technique of administration results in the use of less expensive medication, an improvement in compliance, and even decreased side effects. All patients may not be controlled or tolerate increased intervals between drug doses. Interpatient variation dictates that physicians closely monitor their patients when prescribing new or unapproved regimens of drug therapy. PMID- 6986452 TI - Separation of two dipeptidyl aminopeptidases in the human brain. PMID- 6986451 TI - Properties of a calcium-activated protease in squid axoplasm which selectively degrades neurofilament proteins. AB - Axoplasm extruded from the giant axon of the squid contains Ca2+-activated proteases. The protease in the 100,000 x g of supernatant of axoplasm is very specific and degrades only the 200,000 MW, neurofilament protein (NF200), whereas the protease(s) in the pellet has a much wider range of substrate specificity. The activation of the supernatant protease is restricted to the Ca2+ ion, and no other divalent cation will substitute. The protease requires Ca2+ at a higher concentration than 0.5 mM for activation, and has a pH optimum of about 7.5. Degradation of the NF200 appears to proceed through a 100,000 MW and possibly a 47,000--50,000-MW intermediate form before degradation to TCA-soluble peptides. Activity of the protease is inhibited by divalent cation chelators, Cu2+ and Fe2+, sulphydryl inhibitors, and leupeptin. This specific Ca2+-activated protease in squid axoplasm has identical properties to Ca2+-activated proteases found in various non-neural tissues. Despite its narrow protein substrate specificity, Ca2+-activated protease purified from human platelets effectively degrades squid NF200, suggesting a possible structural relationship between platelet and muscle actin-binding proteins and neurofilament proteins. PMID- 6986448 TI - Quantification of low density lipoprotein binding and cholesterol accumulation by single human fibroblasts using fluorescence microscopy. AB - Using fluorescence microscopy, we have quantified low density lipoprotein (LDL) binding by indirect immunofluorescence and cellular cholesterol with the fluorescent sterol-binding polyene, filipin, in individual cultured human fibroblasts from normal subjects and from patients with heterozygous and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. LDL binding by fibroblasts from heterozygous patients was about 40% of that of the normal cells, and cholesterol accumulation upon incubation with LDL was decreased to a similar degree. Most fibroblasts from homozygous patients bound no detectable LDL and only rare cells demonstrated any accumulation of cholesterol after incubation with LDL. PMID- 6986453 TI - [Bodian process. Ultrastructural study]. AB - The Bodian method was used for an ultrastructural study on the optic nerve of the adult cat in order to compare the effects of two fixation techniques on the normal nerve and on the nerve during Wallerian degeneration after unilateral enucleation. Immersion fixation causes a predominately metallic deposit in the myelin sheath; the perfusion has no effect. During the Wallerian degeneration the two fixation methods lead to a metallic deposit located in the axon which is in large grains after immersion and extremely dense after perfusion. Various diffraction methods were used to identify the nature of the metallic deposit. These results emphasize the positive elements in systemically associating the electron microscope with the optic microscope for studies concerning Wallerian degeneration after metallic impregnation in the central nervous system PMID- 6986454 TI - Charles Herbert Best (1899--1978): a biographical sketch. PMID- 6986455 TI - Influence of thyroid hormone treatment on growth, body composition and metabolism during cold stress in genetically obese mice. AB - Pharmacologic doses of thyroid hormones were administered chronically in diets and acutely by injection to determine their metabolic effects on the development of obesity and the response to cold stress in genetically obese mice. Feeding a 0.1% thyroid powder (TP) diet for 6 weeks to weanling male mice resulted in a marked reduction in weight gain and high mortality in obese but not in non-obese mice. Diets containing 0.01 and 0.02% TP also produced enhanced effects in obese mice during a 13-week feeding period as indicated by reduced body weight, fat and protein and reduced blood glucose at ambient temperature. Both acute and chronic treatment with thyroid hormone produced similar effects in the cold (4 degrees). Blood glucose concentrations were reduced in both obese and non-obese mice, but blood free fatty acid values were unchanged due to hormone treatment. Neither acute nor chronic treatment with thyroid hormones prolonged survival of obese mice during cold exposure. These results suggest a normal or enhanced fat mobilization and utilization in response to exogenous thyroid hormone at ambient temperature. However, the defect in utilization of energy stores for thermogenesis during cold exposure was not ameliorated by this treatment. PMID- 6986456 TI - Effect of adrenalectomy on the responses of BHE rats to either a sucrose or starch diet. AB - The role of the adrenals in the development of the lipemic characteristic of the BHE strain of rat was studied. Male weanling rats were either adrenalectomized (ADX) or left intact and fed either a 65% starch or 65% sucrose diet. The rats were killed at 150 days of age and serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol plus hepatic lipids and enzymes (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase) were determined. Adrenalectomy did not affect the sucrose-induced rise in serum glucose and insulin levels nor did it have any marked effect on serum lipid levels. Growth and hepatic metabolism also were unaffected by adrenalectomy although diet differences were observed. Sucrose-feeding the ADX rats resulted in higher enzyme levels, higher blood lipids, greater weight gains and greater feed efficiencies than starch feeding. In spite of the importance of the adrenal hormones in the regulation of fuel utilization, we concluded that these hormones do not play an active role in the development of the lipemic tendencies by the BHE strain of rat. PMID- 6986457 TI - Le Fort I advancement with segmental palatal osteotomies in patients with cleft palates. AB - A modification of the Henderson-Jackson technique of Le Fort osteotomy and oronasal fistula closure is presented. The primary advantage of the procedure is that the palatal osteotomy allows precise positioning of the collapsed cleft dentoalveolar segment with negligible relapse. PMID- 6986458 TI - Extranodal malignant histiocytic lymphoma of the cheek: report of case. AB - A case of extranodal malignant histiocytic lymphoma of the cheek in a 34-year-old man is presented. Successful regression of the tumor was achieved by radiotherapy. PMID- 6986459 TI - Reticulum cell sarcoma of the mandible: report of case. AB - A case of reticulum cell sarcoma of the mandible in a 77-year-old woman has been presented. The patient said that she experienced pain and numbness of the affected area (mandible and lip) for two months and then a small swelling appeared. The tumor was first seen in the soft tissues of the right side of the mandible, but radiographic findings in the bone allowed us to conclude that the tumor originated in the mandible, and spread to soft tissue. PMID- 6986460 TI - Repairing a crown and sleeve-coping prosthesis. AB - A crown and sleeve-coping prosthesis retainer has been defined. Some causes for the loss of the coping and subsequential clinical manifestations have been discussed. A step-by-step procedure for remaking the coping was presented. PMID- 6986461 TI - Retention and resistance of preparations for cast restorations. AB - Five preparation designs were tested for retention and resistance. Retention values for all partial veneer crowns were significantly lower than those for the complete veneer crown. Resistance values increased significantly with the addition of grooves and/or extension of axial surface coverage. Addition of grooves and/or extension of axial surface coverage produced small increases in retention values but marked increases in resistance values. PMID- 6986462 TI - Maxillary reshaping prostheses: effectiveness in improving speech and swallowing of postsurgical oral cancer patients. PMID- 6986463 TI - A technique for the delivery of complete dentures. AB - This article describes a technique for the delivery of complete dentures which allows the patient to adapt to a mandibular prosthesis and, at the same time, to functionally make a final refitted mandibular impression. PMID- 6986464 TI - Fabricating denture teeth with custom anatomic and nonanatomic metal occlusal surfaces. PMID- 6986465 TI - Tissue orientation of the crown in the laboratory. AB - Objectives in the design of the coronal contours of the ceramometal crown and the working formula to accomplish these objectives have been outlined. When the dental laboratory technician and ceramist understand these principles and follow them in the laboratory, a crown that is well tissue related in its contours is obtained. The dentist is responsible for making the final adjustments to the crown in the actual tissue environment. PMID- 6986466 TI - Continuing medical education in rheumatology of arthritis health professional laboratory personnel. PMID- 6986468 TI - Case report: progressive systemic sclerosis-like syndrome after bone marrow transplantation. Clinical, immunologic, and pathologic findings. AB - A young man developed chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The close resemblance of his skin changes to those of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) prompted an examination for clinical and pathologic involvement of other organ systems. Many of the dermatologic, cardiac, renal and pulmonary findings in the transplant patient were similar to those seen in a comparison group of 38 patients with PSS. PMID- 6986469 TI - Use of an information retrieval service in an obstetrics/gynecology residency program. AB - The need for a more effective and timely method of keeping a department's faculty and house staff knowledgeable of current developments and research is recognized. A program utilizing the clinical librarian as a member of the patient care team has been developed by the staff of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Medical Library Department, UCLA Medical Center. The objectives, methodology, and costs of the program are described. At the completion of one year evaluation of the program indicates successful achievement of the objectives. Utilization of library literature search services by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology increased 12 percent after the program initiation. PMID- 6986467 TI - Phillip S. Rosen, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C)--1924-1979. PMID- 6986470 TI - Sources of the medical vocabulary. PMID- 6986471 TI - Medical technological advances and health care costs. PMID- 6986472 TI - Soft tissue injuries. PMID- 6986473 TI - The use of the argon laser-assisted quartz scalpel for burn wound excision to fascia. AB - We have developed a new method for coupling the hemostatic capabilities of argon laser light with the mechanical advantages of a sharpened quartz blade using fiberoptics. Using the new laser-assisted scalpel, a series of symmetrical skin excisions was done in 20- to 30-kg pigs on one side and with electrosurgery on the other. The laser scalpel was superior in its hemostatic properties (p less than 0.01) with no statistically significant difference in surgical speed. Take of split-thickness skin grafts was 90% in beds excised with either the laser or the electrosurgical device. Histologic sections showed less tissue damage with the laser-assisted scalpel than with electrocautery. PMID- 6986474 TI - Plasma renin and occurrence of hypertension in children with burn injuries. AB - Children with thermal injuries have an unusually high incidence of hypertension during the course of their postinjury care. This study investigates the activity of the renin angiotensin system during the postinjury period. Sustained hypertension occurred in three of 11 children studied. All three cases demonstrated markedly elevated plasma renin levels (greater than 2IRU x 10(4)). Two of five children with episodes of hypertension also demonstrated abnormally high plasma renin. No normotensive patients had markedly elevated renin levels. The mechanism directing elevated renin secretion may be related to changes in regional blood flow in addition to the stimulus of increased catecholamine activity. A markedly elevated plasma renin may be predictive of the development of hypertension. PMID- 6986475 TI - The diagnostic and therapeutic uses of saralasin in renal transplant hypertension. AB - Saralasin was used as a functional test of the renin-angiotensin axis in 4 renal transplant patients with hypertension. Blood pressure was recorded by an automatic recording device and plasma renin activity was measured by radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I. A positive saralasin test suggested renin mediated hypertension despite normal peripheral renin levels in a 40-year-old man whose original kidney disease was nephrosclerosis. Since the blood pressure was refractory to intravenous sodium nitroprusside saralasin was used for 14 hours to control blood pressure before and after arteriography in the patient. Removal of the native kidneys markedly ameliorated the hypertension. A 35-year-old woman with transplant hypertension was responsive to angiotensin blockade only during a period of abrupt worsening of blood pressure associated with an acute rejection episode. Finally, 2 patients with advanced chronic rejection responded to saralasin administration. These studies confirm that 1) angiotensin blockade is a useful tool in the diagnosis of renin-dependent hypertension even when plasma renin levels are not elevated, 2) saralasin can be used to control renin dependent forms of hypertension that are refractory to intravenous sodium nitroprusside therapy and 3) transplant hypertension associated with acute and chronic rejection appears to be renin-dependent. PMID- 6986476 TI - Post-transplantation pyelonephritis: factors producing low patient and transplant morbidity. AB - A retrospective study of 1,100 consecutive renal transplantations done on 959 patients revealed postoperative pyelonephritis in 15 patients, 14 of whom were women. Sixteen of the 20 episodes of pyelonephritis were caused by Escherichia coli and only 4 episodes occurred within the first year after transplantation, thus revealing the crucial differentiation from a rejection episode. When the etiology of the original renal failure was pyelonephritis the incidence of pyelonephritis in the transplanted kidneys was high. This high incidence also was true for cases associated with post-transplantation urological complications. When the etiology of renal failure was diabetes or polycystic renal disease, or when urologic abnormalities pre-existed the incidence of pyelonephritis was low. No transplant or patient loss was caused by post-transplantation pyelonephritis, probably because of prompt, correct diagnosis and a low urological complication rate. PMID- 6986477 TI - In vitro bacterial adherence to vaginal cells of normal and cystitis-prone women. AB - Using an in vitro assay system to quantitate the adherence of Escherichia coli to vaginal cells we found no statistically significant difference in mean bacterial adherence per cell in either infection-prone or normal women at either pH 6.4 or 4.0, which is that of the normal vaginal introitus. In addition, we found that the assay method used by previous investigators contained large sources of error, making it difficult to draw conclusions based upon the data obtained with this method. PMID- 6986478 TI - Orthotopic renal autotransplantation in the treatment of renovascular hypertension. AB - Severe hypertension non-responsive to medical therapy was discovered in a 27-year old woman in the third trimester of pregnancy. Renal arteriography after delivery revealed bilateral renal artery stenosis. The right kidney was smaller than the left one. The differential renal function studies, rather than the renal vein renin measurements, identified which side was causing the hypertension. An attempt at primary repair of the right renal artery failed. Orthotopic renal autotransplantation, using saphenous vein grafts that were interposed between the renal veins and the inferior vena cava, and between the segmental renal arteries and the abdominal aorta, reduced the blood pressure to normal values. PMID- 6986480 TI - Trial of vitamin E therapy for retrolental fibroplasia. PMID- 6986479 TI - A capsule history of US emergency medical care. PMID- 6986481 TI - Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. PMID- 6986482 TI - Pope John XXI. PMID- 6986483 TI - Recent events of special interest to medical education. PMID- 6986484 TI - Certification: a measure of professional accountability. PMID- 6986485 TI - Problems due to cold. PMID- 6986486 TI - EDNA membership survey. PMID- 6986487 TI - Grieving children. PMID- 6986488 TI - Understanding the EDNA core curriculum. PMID- 6986489 TI - The revised curriculum. PMID- 6986490 TI - Trauma notebook 21. Burn management. PMID- 6986491 TI - Burn care in the emergent period. PMID- 6986492 TI - But ... are estrogens per se growth-promoting hormones? PMID- 6986493 TI - Specificity of heteroantisera developed against purified populations of intact murine ovarian carcinoma cells. AB - Antisera were raised in New Zealand White rabbits against purified populations of murine ovarian carcinoma (MOT) cells that were freed from contaminating host leukocytes and erythrocytes. In contrast to other antisera raised against this tumor, heteroantisera from rabbits immunized with purified tumor cell suspensions consistently retained antitumor activity after exhaustive absorption with syngeneic (C3HeB/FeJ) adult and fetal tissues. Absorbed antisera inhibited tumor growth in vivo and reacted with MOT cells in vitro as judged by indirect immunofluorescence, binding of staphylococcal protein A, and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Appropriately absorbed antisera failed to bind to fetal tissues or to adult spleen, ovary, and kidney cells. Antisera with similar specificity could be obtained with the use of populations purified on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter or on discontinuous rabbit serum albumin gradients. Optimal titers against tumor were raised with multiple injections of 5 x 10(5) gradient-purified MOT cells. PMID- 6986495 TI - Immunoglobulin bound in vivo to Fc receptor-positive cells in human central nervous system tumors. AB - Fifteen human central nervous system tumors of various histopathologic types were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of in vivo bound IgG, IgA, and IgM. The tumors were selected to reflect varying degrees of infiltration with Fc receptor-positive macrophages. The major purpose of the study was to determine the relative contribution of immunoglobulin (Ig) bound to tumor cells as compared to Ig bound to the Fc receptor-positive host macrophages. Of the 15 tumors, 1 tumor contained no detectable IgG, IgA, or IgM, 2 tumors contained only IgG and IgA bound in a smooth, homogeneous pattern to the surface of tumor cells, and 8 contained only IgG, IgA, and IgM attached to Fc receptor-positive cells. Four tumors contained significant numbers of tumor cells with cytoplasmic Ig, and two of those tumors also were infiltrated with Fc receptor-positive cells with membrane-associated Ig. Ig was removed from Fc receptor-positive cells but not from tumor cells by prolonged washing of sections of tumor at 37 degrees C, which suggested that Ig was associated with Fc receptors. That possibility was strengthened by the observation that the IgG subclass distribution of the Fc receptor-associated Ig was predominantly IgG1 and IgG3, whereas no predominant subclass existed for IgG bound to tumor cells. Furthermore, the Fc receptor-associated Ig appeared to be in the form of antigen antibody complexes because it had a granular quality and because IgA and sometimes even IgM were involved in the Fc receptor-bound complexes. PMID- 6986494 TI - Circulation of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the human environment and cancer prevention. PMID- 6986496 TI - Inhibition of leukocyte adherence by 3-M potassium chloride extracts of human colorectal tumors. AB - Leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assays were performed to test whether peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients with colorectal cancer could be inhibited from attachment to a glass surface when tumor-associated antigens (TAA) of human colorectal tumors were present. The assays were performed with PBL from 41 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum with 3-M KCl extracts of colorectal tumors. The results demonstrated the presence of colorectal TAA in the 3-M KCl extract of colorectal tumor materials. The reactivity of leukocytes from patients with a favorable prognosis showed an increasing LAI trend; the reactivity of leukocytes from patients with an unfavorable prognosis had a decreasing LAI trend. In individual patients, alterations in the sequential LAI results paralleled changes in the clinical status, which thus strongly indicated that the LAI assay could be of value in the assessment of antitumor immunity. PMID- 6986497 TI - Cellular cytotoxicity and serum inhibition in normal mice following transfer of syngeneic tumor-sensitized cells. AB - Investigations were performed to elucidate changes in normal syngeneic recipients after they received tumor-sensitized cells. Transfer of regional or nonregional lymph node cells or spleen cells from tumor-bearing inbred C3HeB/FeJ mice to normal syngeneic recipients caused the recipients to produced bone marrow, which mediated in vitro cytolysis of immunizing tumor target cells. This finding was not entirely limited to transfer of lymphoid cells. The transfer of myeloid cells, granulocytes, and cultured macrophages from tumor-bearing mice also produced cytotoxic cells. The extent of cytotoxicity following cell transfer was related to the duration of tumor growth in cell donors, to the degree of cytotoxicity, and to the number of cells transferred. Both the iv and ip routes were equally effective. Treatment of cells before transfer with trypsin or pronase, mitomycin C, or sublethal irradiation failed to prevent development of cytotoxicity in cells of the recipient, whereas freeze-thawing abolished this event. Serum from the cell recipient could inhibit the cytotoxicity demonstrated by lymphoid cells derived from the recipient or from a tumor-bearing animal. The findings indicate that "information" transferred to normal animals not previously exposed to a tumor results in production of tumor-specific cytotoxic cells in these animals. PMID- 6986498 TI - Mutagenicity of some lipsticks and their dyes. AB - Twenty-four lipsticks of various shades and colors were tested for mutagencitiy with the histidine-requiring tester strain Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Nine lipsticks were mutagenic without microsomal (S-9) activation. Dose-response effects were observed. Eight colorants listed as ingredients of the mutagenic lipsticsk were tested with and without S-9. Drug and Cosmetic (D&C) Orange No. 17, a monoazo dye with two nitro groups, was highly mutagenic in the absence of S 9. The mutagenic effect was decreased or lost in the presence of S-9 prepared from livers of male noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats given a single injection of Aroclor 1254. Eight lipsticsk matched for ingredients other than dyes were tested. Two containing D&C Orange No. 17 were directly mutagenic. The mutagenic effect was decreased by the presence of S-9. Only D&C Orange No. 17 was sufficiently mutagenic without microsomal activation to account for the mutagenicity observed in these lipsticks. Lipsticks containing D&C Orange No. 17 and those labeled with the words "may contain" D&C Orange No. 17 should be suspected of being mutagenic for S. typhimurium TA98. This dye and 2,4 dinitrosaniline, which may also be present, are potential health hazards. Assessment of their carcinogenicity awaits evaluation of results obtained by appropriate testing in animals. PMID- 6986499 TI - Fatal Staphylococcus epidermidis sepsis following bone marrow transplantation. AB - Staphylococcus epidermidis septicemia and pneumonia developed in an 18-year-old male undergoing bone marrow transplantation. The organism was isolated from multiple blood cultures, sputum cultures, an indwelling catheter tip and post mortem lung biopsy specimens. The bacterium was resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, gentamicin, cephalothin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but was sensitive to rifampin. The rapid demise of this patient, as well as the difficulty in achieving effective antibiotic therapy, illustrates the potential pathogenicity of this organism in immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 6986500 TI - Warfield Monroe Firor: a surgeon for all seasons. PMID- 6986501 TI - Proflex, schizokinesis and the internal universe. PMID- 6986502 TI - [In memoriam Lazar' Izrailevich Fogel'son]. PMID- 6986503 TI - [Proteolytic and antiproteolytic activity of the blood serum in myocardial infarct complications]. PMID- 6986504 TI - [50 years of the periodical "Kinderarztliche Praxis"--a commentary]. PMID- 6986505 TI - [History of "Kinderarztliche Praxis"]. PMID- 6986507 TI - Articulation norms used by practicing speech-language pathologists in Oregon: results of a survey. AB - Recent investigations of children's developing articulation abilities indicate substantially earlier ages for speech-sound acquistion as compared to traditional norms. Speech-language pathologists in Oregon were asked which developmental norms they used when assessing articulation development. The majority refer to Templin's 1957 investigation instead of more recent norms. Those respondents who did not use developmental norms reported other factors and sources as useful references when determining articulation status. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6986506 TI - Myeloma kidney. An immunomorphogenetic study of renal biopsies. PMID- 6986508 TI - Speech therapy and teaching English to speakers of other languages. PMID- 6986509 TI - Durability of measured mitral annuloplasty: seventeen-year study. AB - This report describes the technique and results of measured mitral annuloplasty performed in 196 patients having isolated mitral valve disease during the 17 years between January, 1961, and January, 1978. These patients represent 35% of all of those operated upon for isolated mitral valve disease during this period. Ages ranged from 3 to 70 years. Annuloplasty was performed in 115 patients and both commissurotomy and annuloplasty in another 81 patients. The operative mortality rate was 4.5% and the late mortality rate 8.7%. There were six arterial embolic episodes during the 17 years. Reoperation was required in 8% with another repair of the valve being possible in one third of them. This study suggests that measured repair of mitral regurgitation resulted in lower operative mortality, late mortality, and incidence of embolization when contrasted with mitral valve replacement. This operation appears to be the preferred procedure for certain subsets of patients (1) who require operation during infancy or childhood, including during active carditis; (2) who require operation during the childbearing age; and (3) in whom anticoagulation poses a severe threat to life or quality of life. PMID- 6986510 TI - Results of mitral valvuloplasty with a suture plication technique. AB - Between January, 1975, and October, 1978, a total of 243 patients underwent repair of the mitral valve with a suture plication technique. Mitral valve replacement (MVR) was performed in 36 cases in which significant residual regurgitation was apparent on testing the valve after repair. The hospital mortality rate was 5.7%. Five patients required MVR within 1 month of operation. A total of 190 patients were discharged from hospital with what was considered to be a satisfactorily functioning mitral valve. Excluding patients from overseas, detailed follow-up information is available in 80 cases. Of these 80 patients, 13 have subsequently undergone MVR. Factors favorably affecting survival and durability of repair are degenerative valve disease and age below 55 years. Clinical and echocardiographic assessment indicate that this method of repair initially produces good symptomatic improvement and a normal or nearly normal pattern of left ventricular filling. The good early results are only maintained in patients with degenerative valve disease. We therefore no longer use or recommend this technique for elderly patients with rheumatic valve disease. PMID- 6986511 TI - Greenfield filter versus Mobin-Uddin umbrella: the continuing quest for the ideal method of vena caval interruption. PMID- 6986512 TI - Concomitant resection of ascending aortic aneurysm and replacement of the aortic valve: operative and long-term results with "conventional" techniques in ninety patients. AB - We reviewed a consecutive series of 90 patients undergoing concomitant resection of ascending aortic anerysm and aortic valve replacement (AVR) utilizing noncomposite "conventional" techniques in order to assess the early and late results, to define limitations of this operative approach, and thereby to clarify the indications for composite reconstruction of the aortic root. Mean age was 55 years. Twenty percent had Marfan's syndrome, and 13% had aortic dissections. The cause of the aneurysm was dissection in 13% of cases, syphilis in 11%, atherosclerosis in 9%, and degeneration (with or without cystic medionecrosis) in 67%. Follow-up averaged 3.8 years and extended to 11.5 years maximum. AVR and complete excision of the aneurysm (preserving small tongues of aortic wall circumscribing the coronary artery ostia) coupled with tubular graft replacement of the ascending aorta were performed. Nineteen percent of patients required individual technical modifications relating to the coronary arteries. Operative mortality rate was 13%, with the majority of deaths being due to cardiac causes. Contemporary (1975 to 1978) operative mortality rate was 4.3%. Seven percent required re-exploration for hemorrhage and 2.4% had perioperative myocardial infarctions. Late functional results were generally good (average N.Y.H.A. Class 1.4). Late thromboembolism, angina, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure occurred at linearized rates of 3.4% per patient-year, 4.9% per patient year, 1.1% per patient-year, and 5.2% per patient-year, respectively. No prosthetic valve endocarditis, graft infection, or recurrent aneurysms of the aortic root were observed. Late reoperation was necessary in eight patients (3% per patient-year), but reoperation for disease confined to the ascending aorta accounted for only three of these cases (1.1% per patient-year). Overall actuarial survival rates were 67% +/- 5% at 5 years and 50% +/- 9% at 10 years; survival rates for the 78 operative survivors were 77% +/- 5% and 57% +/- 10% at the same time intervals, respectively. Only one late death could be attributed to complications arising in the reconstructed aortic root. These results confirm that such simple, noncomposite techniques are safe, portend minimal risk of late complications and the attendant necessity for reoperation, and provide satisfactory long-term survival. We believe that composite techniques should be primarily reserved for selected cases of advanced necrotizing prosthetic or natural endocarditis. PMID- 6986513 TI - [Contemporary American leaders in nursing; an oral history. 4. Dorothy Smith]. PMID- 6986514 TI - Pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6986515 TI - Malignant histiocytosis as a terminal condition in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia rarely develops an acute blastic phase as a terminal complication. When it does, the blastic phase is characterized by the appearance of large, immature cells with the same immunologic markers as the cells in the chronic phase of chronic lymphocytic leukemia; this coexistence of mature lymphocytes and blastic forms in chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been termed "Richter's syndrome." In a patient of ours with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the development of a presumed large cell lymphoma was recognized on both bone marrow aspiration and biopsy examination, but later the condition was proved to be a true histiocytic neoplasm (malignant histiocytosis) by cytochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. We are unaware of another reported instance of malignant histiocytosis as a terminal complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mimicking Richter's syndrome. PMID- 6986516 TI - Calendar life span versus budding life span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - This investigation is concerned with the internal factors governing the life span of individual yeast cells. The life span may be limited either by the number of buds a cell can produce or by internal measurement of metabolic time. The natural relationship between the number of cells a single cell can produce and the passage of time was modified by three different kinds of treatment: (1) by cooling the cells for several hours each day; (2) by preculturing the cells in media which inhibit cell division before allowing logarithmic growth; and (3) by culturing the cells in a medium which reduces the rate of budding. All these methods led to a prolongation of chronological life span, but the life span measured by the number of buddings remained remarkably constant. We therefore conclude that there is some kind of factor involved in the budding process which determines life span. PMID- 6986517 TI - Health diaries. AB - A health diary is a prospective procedure to obtain reports of morbidity (illness and injury), disability and health actions. Health diaries have been used for 3 purposes: in methodologic studies to compare reporting levels for retrospective and prospective procedures; as memory aids to improve recall of health events in a later, retrospective interview; and as a primary data source. This article presents an inventory and description of studies which have used health diaries. It reviews evidence from the studies on the following topics: 1) levels of reporting compared to retrospective interviews; 2) recall error; 3) validity of health reports; 4) value of diary data for a broad view of symptoms and health behavior, for individual-level analysis and for studies of health dynamics; 5) respondent cooperation; 6) conditioning effects (sensitization and fatigue); 7) quality of diary data; 8) survey costs; 9) complexity of data collection and processing; and 10) complexity of data analysis. Overall health diaries have well documented advantages with respect to content--the rich information they provide about individual health. High respondent cooperation and high-quality data can be achieved if staff members devote ample time and energy to retaining diary-keepers and monitoring their records. Researchers must weight the advantages of health diary information against the money costs, staff activities, and statistical computing resources necessary to collect and analyze it. PMID- 6986518 TI - Quality of care in the New Mexico Medicaid program (1971-1975): the effect of the New Mexico Experimental Medical Care Review Organization on the use of antibiotics for common infectious diseases. PMID- 6986519 TI - [Kidney transplantation in patients over 60]. PMID- 6986520 TI - [Reconstruction of the oral cavity with forehead flaps after irradiation and resection of mouth cancer]. PMID- 6986521 TI - [Smoking and heart infarct--a relationship based on the inhibition of the body's prostacyclin production?]. PMID- 6986522 TI - [Effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment. A controlled study in the care of narcotic addicts]. PMID- 6986524 TI - Surgical management of early epidermoid carcinoma of the anterior floor of the mouth. AB - Therapy for early carcinoma of the floor of the mouth is difficult because of the tendency for local invasion of muscle and extension onto the mandible and alveolus. Nearly 100% local control of disease without mandibular complication has been possible with a wide local three-dimensional resection including marginal mandibulectomy with split thickness skin grafting. The operative technique and special considerations including management of the mandible, submandibular ducts, and airway are detailed. Lymph node metastases habe been uncommon. The primary disease and pathology are correlated with regional metastasis, and based on this a treatment plan is recommended. PMID- 6986523 TI - [Medical views on August Strindberg]. PMID- 6986525 TI - Malignant external otitis in infants. AB - The authors report two cases of malignant external otitis in infant boys, 5 and 6 months old respectively, caused by different etiologic agents (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis). Both of them were in very poor general health, but neither developed complications such as facial paralysis because of the intensive treatment that was employed from the beginning. PMID- 6986527 TI - Mandibular reconstruction. PMID- 6986526 TI - Perforation of the nasal septum in patients with renal failure. AB - Spontaneous perforation of the nasal septum was observed in 8 out of 104 patients (74 on maintenance hemodialysis; 30 after cadaveric renal transplantation). All patients showed a round or oval defect of the non-osseous septum, which was accompanied by marked atrophic rhinitis. Epistaxis was common in uremic patients in general and was also present in 5 patients with septal perforation, but otherwise the defect was hardly associated with any symptoms. Various factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of this lesion; local trauma from nasal catheters postoperatively; impaired mucosa cell proliferation; disturbed innervation of the vessels in the nasal septum due to polyneuropathy of the autonomous nervous system; ischemia secondary to arteriolar narrowing. PMID- 6986528 TI - Directory of otolaryngologic societies. PMID- 6986529 TI - Portal and peripheral vein concentrations of insulin after glucose and arginine infusions in morbidly obese subjects. PMID- 6986530 TI - Release of the chloride-dependent arginine aminopeptidase from PMN leukocytes and macrophages during phagocytosis. PMID- 6986531 TI - Effect of intravenous glucose on serum glucose determinations. AB - Hyperglycemia is frequently seen in hospitalized nondiabetic patients receiving intravenous glucose solutions. As no standard method of interpreting the serum glucose value has been defined in patients receiving intravenous glucose, we have attempted to determine if any correlation can be made. It was found that with a 5% dextrose in water infusion at 100 ml/hr, the mean change in serum glucose was 9 mg/100 ml above the fasting serum glucose; with a 5% dextrose in water at 200 ml/hr, the mean serum glucose rose 24 mg/100 ml above the fasting serum glucose obtained in the arm opposite the intravenous infusion. It was thus determined that a serum glucose level greater than 20 mg/100 ml above the fasting serum glucose level in an individual with a 5% glucose in water infusion at 100 ml/hr, or 42 mg/100 ml above the fasting serum glucose in an individual with a 5% glucose in water infusion at 200 ml/hr, which are 3 SD above the mean glucose, should be early evidence for mild subclinical glucose intolerance. PMID- 6986532 TI - Effect of fibroblast growth factor on cultured fetal rat calvaria. AB - Normal rat or human serum causes a greater incorporation of 3H-proline into bone collagenase digestible protein (CDP) and noncollagen protein (NCP) than does serum from hypophysectomized animals or hypopituitary humans. In the present study, we have tested fibroblast growth factor (FGF), a peptide isolated from bovine pituitary glands that has been shown to stimulate RNA and DNA synthesis in various mesodermal cells, for its effects on cultured fetal rat calvaria. The major effect of FGF appeared to be a stimulation of periosteal fibroblastic cell proliferation. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA was increased at concentrations of 10--1000 ng/ml; the effect appeared after 12 hr, was sustained for 96 hr, and could not be ascribed to an effect on 3H-thymidine uptake. Total DNA content was increased and histologic sections showed an increase in the number of mitoses in periosteal fibroblasts after colemid arrest. These effects were accompanied by an increase in the uptake and incorporation of 3H-uridine, a decrease in the incorporation of labeled proline into CDP, and a small and variable increase in the incorporation of proline into NCP. Cortisol opposed the effects of FGF on 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine incorporation. Insulin did not alter the effect of FGF on 3H-thymidine incorporation, but FGF decreased the stimulatory effect of insulin on the labeling of CDP. The effect of FGF on thymidine incorporation and collagen synthesis was not altered by indomethacin. The major effect of FGF in calvaria is to increase DNA synthesis and stimulate the proliferation of periosteal fibroblasts. It does not appear to be the pituitary-dependent factor in serum that stimulates 3H-proline incorporation into CDP and NCP in calvaria. PMID- 6986533 TI - Short-term influences of dichloroacetate on genetically hyperlipemic rats. AB - The effects of short-term (7 days) administration of dichloroacetate (DCA) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the Zucker obese and lean rat were investigated. Metabolic effects of the drug were more pronounced in the obese than in the lean rat. DCA decreased fasting blood glucose concentrations in both lean and obese rats, but more so in the fat animals, probably because of higher initial levels. The hypoglycemic action of DCA is likely attributable to a direct effect on liver and peripheral tissues and not to an indirect action caused by a decrease in the glucagon-to-insulin ratio because the drug induced just the opposite effect. DCA decreased plasma triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) in the hyperlipemic rats but not in lean rats. Intrahepatic triglyceride content diminished after drug treatment in fat rats, suggesting decreased hepatic TG synthesis. Hyperketonemia, induced in both lean and fat rats by DCA treatment, was also greater in the obese animal. This response was probably caused by accelerated hepatic ketone body production due to increased beta-oxidation, and not to enhance FFA substrate supply. These data demonstrate that DCA is capable of correcting many of the underlying abnormalities in carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the obese Zucker rat. PMID- 6986534 TI - Effects of acute exercise on insulin binding to monocytes in obesity. AB - The effect of 3 hr of cycle erogmeter exercise on 125I-insulin binding to monocytes was studied in obese and 10 nonobese control subjects. In the basal state before exercise, total specific 125I-insulin binding to monocytes in obese subjects (4.8% +/- 0.3%) was 25% lower than in control subjects (6.6% +/- 0.4%, p less than 0.01). During exercise, insulin binding increased in both groups (p less than 0.05), but the rise in obese subjects was minimal (13% +/- 1%) and was 60%--70% lower than in controls (36% +/- 3%, p less than 0.01). The data indicate that the increment in insulin binding to monocytes induced by acute exercise is diminished in obesity. PMID- 6986535 TI - Effect of food intake on intestinal absorption and mucosal hydrolases in alloxan diabetic rats. AB - The relation between food intake and enzyme activity of the small intestine and rate of intestinal absorption were studied in rats 15 days after induction of alloxan diabetes. Diabetic rats were given an ad lib. semisynthetic diet or a restricted diet on the basis of either daily intake or body weight. The rates of absorption of 5 mMD-galactose and L-valine were determined in vitro by the everted sac method. The rates of absorption of the substances, expressed per unit weight or per length of intestine, were higher in diabetic rats than in controls, regardless of the amount of food consumed. Maltase and sucrase activities were significantly increased in diabetic rats, regardless of the amount of food consumed. The activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase was increased in diabetic rats fed ad lib., but not in those on a restricted diet. These findings suggest that in alloxan diabetic rats the increased disaccharidase activity in the small intestine is due to insulin deficiency, and that the increased activity of alkaline phosphatase is only a secondary effect of insulin deficiency, caused by increased food intake resulting from insulin deficiency. PMID- 6986537 TI - How the Romans delivered medical care along Hadrian's Wall fortifications. PMID- 6986538 TI - 1979 Harding Award for Professor Ian Donald. PMID- 6986539 TI - A programmable resuscitator for evaluation of CPR standards. AB - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the principal means for combating death caused by cardiac arrest in the prehospital setting. Adequate evaluation of CPR standards, however, requires exacting replication of both positive pressure ventilation and cardiac compression protocols over sufficient time periods to measure effects on arterial blood gases, hemodynamics, and intrapulmonary shunting. The programmable cardiopulmonary resuscitator studied provides for such highly controlled CPR protocols. It is developed from a cardiopulmonary resuscitator that has been adapted to accommodate a universal programmable timer. The programmable cardiopulmonary resuscitator permits independent changes in rate, duration, and sequence of both positive pressure ventilation and cardiac compression. Hence, it makes possible the simulation of one-rescuer and two rescuer CPR standards, as well as the investigation of alternative CPR techniques. PMID- 6986536 TI - Pathophysiology of the syndrome of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. PMID- 6986540 TI - Electroresuscitation in the 18th century. PMID- 6986541 TI - Disulfiram (Antabuse). PMID- 6986542 TI - Lactulose (Chronulac) for constipation. PMID- 6986543 TI - Atarax (hydroxyzine) for itching. PMID- 6986544 TI - Cyclacillin (cyclapen)--another new penicillin. PMID- 6986545 TI - Trimipramine maleate (Surmontil)--another tricyclic antidepressant. PMID- 6986547 TI - "The general" -- a history of Hennepin County Medical Center -- Part I (of II parts). PMID- 6986546 TI - Ultrasound of renal transplant complications with C.T. -- correlation in selected cases. PMID- 6986548 TI - Ultrasound of renal transplant complications with C.T. PMID- 6986549 TI - Current concepts in the management of renal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6986551 TI - Hyperglycemia and plasma lipid levels: a prospective study of young insulin dependent diabetic patients. AB - We explored the relation of plasma lipid levels to the degree of blood glucose control in young, insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Levels of total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride, of their lipoprotein subfractions, and of hemoglobin A, and fasting blood glucose were measured repeatedly over a one-year period in 105 patients. Lipid levels were also measured in 74 nondiabetic siblings. Increasingly poor control of diabetes, reflected by levels of hemoglobin A1 or of fasting blood glucose, was associated with statistically significant increases in total cholesterol (P less than or equal to 0.01), total triglyceride (P less than or equal to 0.007), and lipoprotein subfractions except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Diabetic patients in best control had lipid levels similar to those in their nondiabetic siblings. These data on the relation of plasma lipid levels to diabetic control lend credence to the hypothesis that poor control of blood glucose is conducive to accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6986550 TI - Increased incidence of retinopathy in diabetics with elevated blood pressure. A six-year follow-up study in Pima Indians. AB - The incidence of retinopathy was assessed in 188 diabetic and 284 nondiabetic Pima Indian adults six years after an initial examination had shown each to be free of retinopathy. Exminations included direct ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupils. The incidence of retinal lesions was strongly related to the presence of diabetes and, among the diabetic subjects, to insulin treatment, disease duration, plasma glucose concentration, and presence of other complications such as proteinuria, loss of deep tendon reflexes, and increased vibration-sensation threshold. In diabetic subjects not taking insulin, the incidence of exudates in those with systolic blood pressures of at least 145 mm Hg was more than twice that of those with pressures of less than 125 mm Hg. This association persisted when assessed within categories of subjects stratified according to 13 potentially confounding variables, suggesting that control of blood pressure may reduce the incidence of retinal exudates in diabetics not treated with insulin. PMID- 6986552 TI - A randomized clinical trial of the Leboyer approach to childbirth. AB - To examine the effects of the Leboyer method of delivery, we randomly assigned 56 women to either a Leboyer or a conventional delivery and used a variety of clinical and behavioral measures to assess the outcome in mother and child. No differences were noted in maternal or newborn morbidity, in infant behavior in the first hour of life, at 24 or 72 hours post partum, or at eight months of age; or in maternal perceptions of her infant and the experience of giving birth, except that eight months after delivery, mothers who had used the Leboyer method were more likely to say that the event had influenced their child's behavior (P = 0.05). Women who expected a Leboyer delivery had shorter active labors (P = 0.03), suggesting that psychologic factors (expectations) influence physical outcomes in perinatal medicine. Our results suggest that the Leboyer procedure has no advantage over a gentle, conventional delivery in influencing infant and maternal outcomes. PMID- 6986554 TI - Irreversible renal failure after indomethacin in steroid-resistant nephrosis. PMID- 6986553 TI - Current concepts: Abnormal vaginal bleeding. PMID- 6986556 TI - Sounding board: Gene cloning by press conference. PMID- 6986555 TI - Successful bone-marrow transplantation for infantile malignant osteopetrosis. AB - A five-month-old girl with autosomal-recessive osteopetrosis received a bone marrow transplant from her five-year-old HLA-MLC-identical brother after preparation with cyclophosphamide and modified total-body irradiation. Engraftment was documented by chromosomal analysis. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukoerythroblastosis corrected within 12 weeks of transplantation. Low serum calcium and elevated serum alkaline and acid phosphatase levels became normal. Serial x-ray studies revealed bony remodeling and new nonsclerotic bone formation. A pretransplantation bone biopsy revealed small marrow spaces, rare marrow elements, increased osteoclasts, and no bony resorption. After transplantation, osteoclasts were actively resorbing bone, and medullary cavities contained normal bone marrow. Fluorescent Y-body analysis after transplantation revealed donor (male) osteoclasts and recipient (female) osteoblasts. Monocyte bactericidal activity, markedly decreased before transplantation, became normal. Vision, hearing, growth, and development were progressively improving 16 months after transplantation. Allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation appears to be the treatment of choice in this fatal disorder. PMID- 6986557 TI - Tobacco chewer's hypokalemia: licorice revisited. PMID- 6986560 TI - OSHA looks at occupational regulations for recombinant DNA use. PMID- 6986559 TI - Complement-induced granulocyte aggregation: an unsuspected mechanism of disease. PMID- 6986561 TI - In vitro and in vivo products of E. coli lactose permease gene are identical. AB - The lacY gene product synthesised in vitro is identical to lactose permease isolated from cytoplasmic membranes as determined by apparent molecular weight and N-terminal amino acid sequence. The amino acid composition of the in vivo product agrees well with that predicted from the DNA sequence. The data assign the translational start on the DNA sequence and demonstrate that this protein is processed only by deformylation but not by proteolytic cleavage at the N terminus. PMID- 6986558 TI - Lymphocyte transformation in the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasma infection. PMID- 6986562 TI - LH-RH in the mesencephalic central grey can potentiate lordosis reflex of female rats. AB - The lordosis reflex, which characterises female reproductive behaviour in rodents, can be potentiated in oestrogen-primed ovariectomised female rats by electrical stimulation of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN). Subsequent demonstration of an immediate and large facilitation of the lordosis reflex from the mesencephalic central grey (CG) prompted us to speculate that the VMN may exert an oestrogen-dependent tonic bias on the mesencephalic circuitry for lordosis via its heavy descending projections. Moreover, we considered that luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could be involved in this system. LH-RH can potentiate lordosis when given systemically to oestrogen-primed ovariectomised rats, and neurotropic effects of this peptide have been shown by microiontophoresis. Also, some axons in the CG have been stained with antiserum to LH-RH. The present study examined a possible role of LH-RH in the CG in the regulation of the lordosis reflex of oestrogen-primed ovariectomised female rats. Infusion of exogenous LH-RH in the CG had an immediate facilitative effect on the lordosis reflex, whereas passive immunisation against endogenous LH-RH by anti-LH RH gamma-globulin diminished the reflex. PMID- 6986564 TI - Post-transciptional control of coordinated ribosomal protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. AB - The synthesis of the approximately 50 different ribosomal proteins (r proteins) is very well coordinated in Escherichia coli. As the r-protein genes are arranged in many different operons, placed at separate locations on the E. coli chromosome, it is not obvious how this coordination is maintained. The first indication that special controls are involved in the coordination came from the observations that merodiploid strains containing F' factors with some of the ribosomal genes also synthesise the r proteins in balanced amounts. The overall regulation of r-protein synthesis in reponse to changes in growth conditions is primarily mediated by changes in the rate of transcription of the r-protein genes. To investigate whether the gene dosage control seen in merodiploid strains is also transcriptional in nature or whether other mechanisms are involved, we compared the transcriptionof r-protein mRNA in haploid and merodiploid strains. It was found that the rate of transcription of the r-protein mRNA from the str spc cluster of genes changes in proportion to the gene dosage and it is concluded that the expression of r-protein genes is adjusted by post-transcriptional control. PMID- 6986563 TI - Abrogation of genetically controlled resistance of mice to Treponema pallidum by irradiation. AB - Infection with Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of human syphilis, gives rise to a complex immune response involving both humoral and cellular components. The exact nature of this response and how it relates to the disease process is a matter of considerable speculation. In recent years, studies have been directed towards defining the role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in syphilis. These have been conducted mainly in vitro because the general unavailability of inbred rabbits, the principal animals for experimental syphilis research, has limited the application of in vivo procedures. A prime deterrent to using mice for the study of syphilis has been their failure to exhibit pathology, even in the face of a persistent infection. We report here that on intradermal (i.d.) infection, transient primary lesions, characteristic of those seen in naturally acquired human syphilis, can be produced regularly in some strains of mice but not others, indicating a genetic basis for host susceptibility. Strains of mice which normally fail to develop lesions, do so after exposure to ionising radiation. Evidence is presented for a multiple role of the immune response during local infection. PMID- 6986565 TI - Dioxin, an emotive word. PMID- 6986566 TI - More sensitive immunoassays. PMID- 6986567 TI - Glucagon and glicentin immunoreactivity are topologically segregated in the alpha granule of the human pancreatic A cell. AB - Glicentin is a 100-amino acid polypeptide purified from the porcine intestine and containing the immunodeterminants of glucagon. We have previously reported the presence of glicentin immunoreactivity in the glucagon-containing, specific secretory granules (alpha granules) of the pancreatic and gastric A cell. With an improved immunocytochemical probe, the protein A-gold (pAg) technique, we are now able to show that glucagon and glicentin-like material are topologically segregated in the alpha granule of the human pancreatic A cell. PMID- 6986568 TI - Polycythemia of renal transplantation. PMID- 6986569 TI - Fisher syndrome: a recent follow-up. PMID- 6986570 TI - Activation of the classic complement pathway in patients with the C3 nephritic factor. AB - 5 patients, including 4 with partial lipodystrophy and 1 with dense deposit disease (type II mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis; MCGN), had positive C3 nephritic factor assays by both a crossed-gel immunoelectrophoretic and a magnesium-dependent hemolytic assay. One or more early classic complement component was significantly decreased in the serum from each patient. The titer of the C3 nephritic factor did not correlate with the presence of dense intramembranous deposits or with the severity of the renal disease. One patient with partial lipodystrophy had ultrastructural evidence suggesting transformation from type I to type II MCGN. These findings do not support a strict separation of MCGN into subtypes according to current criteria. PMID- 6986571 TI - Recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the transplanted kidney. AB - The clinical and renal biopsy findings in 3 patients with recurrent focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSG) are reported, as well as the results of a survey among 17 European centers totaling 27 kidney-transplanted children with FSG. From these 27 patients, 10 had recurrent FSG. The duration of the original disease was less than 3 years in 9 of them. In contrast, this rapid progression of the disease was observed in only 7 of 17 patients in the group without recurrences. Heavy proteinuria was noted within the 1st day, or week, in all but 2 patients where it was detected at 3 and 7 weeks. All developed the nephrotic syndrome. From the 10 kidneys (mostly from cadaver donors) which functioned for more than 1 month, 5 were lost 2--24 months after transplantation because of recurrence (3 patients) or infection (2 patients). It appears that the risk of recurrence can best be predicted by the duration of the original disease: 50% or more if the duration was short (less than 3 years), and only 10--20% when the duration was longer. PMID- 6986572 TI - Septic arthritis in hemodialyzed patients. AB - Six episodes of septic arthritis involving 5 patients and eleven joints were documented in the last 7 years in a population receiving 450 patient-years of dialysis treatment. The same micro-organisms were often cultured simultaneously from the joint, blood and/or arteriovenous fistula, suggesting hematogenous spread. A tendency toward multiarticular involvement was also observed. Early diagnosis is mandatory to avoid severe joint damage. Since such patients have other potential causes of arthritis and periarticular pain not due to infection, it is important to culture the joint fluid promptly whenever the possibility of infection exists. PMID- 6986573 TI - Effect of ovariectomy on plasma LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone and medial basal hypothalamic LHRH concentrations old and young rats. AB - Resting plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone and medial basal hypothalamic concentrations of LHRH (MBH-LHRH) were measured by RIA in 8- to 12-month-old female rats which had begun to exhibit constant estrous (CE) or prolonged diestrous (PD) vaginal smear patterns and compared to young cycling rats on proestrus, estrus, or diestrus. In addition, we examined the effect of ovariectomy on these hormonal profiles. Old CE rats have normal plasma LH, FSH and progesterone concentrations, but exhibit elevated estradiol levels and decreased MBH-LHRH concentrations compared to young cycling rats on the day of estrus. Ovariectomy results in an attenuated rise in plasma LH and FSH and a much lesser decrease in MBH-LHRH when compared to young rats, despite comparable steroid changes. Old PD rats have normal LH and FSH levels,but have elevated estradiol and progesterone concentrations and decreased MBH-LHRH levels when compared to young rats on the day of diestrus. Ovariectomy causes a normal decrease in MBH-LHRH; however, the increased gonadotropin levels are significantly less than seen in young controls. PMID- 6986574 TI - Does the hypothalamus of infantile female rats contain a separate follicle stimulating hormone releasing factor? PMID- 6986575 TI - Plasma LH patterns after LHRH infusion in long-term, unanesthetized ovariectomized rats. Evidence for neural control of the pulsatile LH phenomenon. AB - Experiments were conducted in vivo to investigate further if the control of the pulsatile plasma LH phenomenon in ovariectomized (OVX) rats is located in the brain or in the adenohypophysis. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was infused at a constant rate (2--100 ng/h) through an indwelling venous cannula in unanesthetized, unrestrained OVX rats. Blood samples were collected at 5-min intervals through a second venous cannula prior to and during LHRH infusion for subsequent radioimmunoassay of plasma LH. LHRH infusion at 12.5, 50 and 100 ng/h did not interfere with the magnitude or the periodicity of LH pulses in plasma but the range within which plasma LH fluctuated was elevated. Phenobarbital (75 mg/kg BW; i.p.) blocked the pulsatile plasma LH and maintained the plasma LH nearly constant at reduced levels. Pulse i.v. injections of LHRH but not constant rate i.v. infusions restored pulsatile LH patterns in phenobarbital-treated OVX rats. The results are consistent with the view that pulsatile LHRH release is responsible for the pulsatile nature of plasma LH in OVX rats. The results do not support the concepts of a short-loop feedback of LH or an ultra-short-loop feedback of LHRH on LH secretion at least on an acute basis. PMID- 6986576 TI - Effects of a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor on hypothalamic, gonadotropic and testicular function in male rats. AB - The presence of a transplanted prolactin- and GH-secreting pituitary tumor (Furth MtT.215) in inbred male rats resulted in increased hypothalamic LHRH and pituitary LH content, decreased serum LH and testosterone concentrations, and very high serum prolactin values. The pituitary tumor also inhibited LH release by the in situ pituitary in response to orchidectomy, or orchidectomy, or adrenalectomy, and reduced the LH response to LHRH administration. Testes weight was significantly reduced and adrenal weight was significantly increased in the rats carrying pituitary tumors. These results that inhibitory effects of the transplanted pituitary tumor on LH and testosterone secretion were affected both a reduction in hypothalamic LHRH release and a reduced responsiveness of the pituitary to LHRH. PMID- 6986577 TI - Pharmacological evidence that stimulation of central serotonergic pathways increases renin secretion. AB - To determine if serotonin plays a role in the regulation of renin secretion, pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were injected intravenously with drugs which modify serotonin metabolism. Renal perfusion pressure was kept constant by a clamp on the aorta proximal to the renal arteries. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) caused a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in arterial plasma renin activity (pra) that was abolished when peripheral and central aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activities were inhibited by administration of benserazide, but not reduced when only the peripheral decarboxylase activities were inhibited by administration of carbidopa. The serotonin receptor blocking drug metergoline also abolished the renin response to 5-HTP. L-Tryptophan in two different doses increased PRA. This increase was not reduced by carbidopa but was reduced or abolished by benserazide, metergoline, and renal denervation. The increase in PRA produced by 5-HTP and L-Tryptophan occurred without any change in blood pressure. 5-HTP had no effect on heart rate but L-Tryptophan reduced heart rate. These data indicate that 5-HTP and L-Tryptophan act on the central nervous system to produce an increase in renin secretion that is mediated via the renal nerves and occurs without a concomitant increase in sympathetic output to the heart or blood vessels. The increase appears to be due to the release of serotonin within the central nervous system. PMID- 6986578 TI - Localization and quantitation of beta-endorphin in human brain and pituitary. AB - The concentration of human beta-endorphin (beta h-EP)) was measured in various hypothalamic nuclei, in extrahypothalamic brain regions and in the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary using a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) The beta h-EP concentrations in the arcuate nucleus (169 +/- 35 pg/100 micrograms protein, n = 7) and median eminence (163 +/- 32 pg/100 micrograms protein, n = 6) were among the highest in the 17 brain areas examined. The immunoreactive beta h-EP in the hypothalamus corresponded to authentic beta h-EP, as determined by gel exclusion chromatography. By chromatography and RIA the beta h-EP concentrations in anterior (1.53 X 10(5) +/- 0.51 X 10(5) pg/100 micrograms protein, n = 3) and posterior (1.41 X 10(5) +/- 0.38 X 10(5) g/100 micrograms protein, n - 5) pituitary were found to be approximately 1,000-fold higher than in hypothalamus. Within the pituitary beta h-EP was localized throughout the anterior lobe, in the pars intermedia and in that part of the posterior lobe nearest the pars intermedia, as judged by immunocytochemistry. Dense immunocytochemical staining was found along the perimeter of many blood vessels. Beta h-EP and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) were co-localized in the same pituitary cells. The present data represent the first unequivocal localization and quantitation of beta h-EP in human brain and in the separate lobes of the human pituitary. PMID- 6986579 TI - Growth of Yoshida ascites tumor in the rat after radiofrequency destruction of the tuberoinfundibular region of the hypothalamus. AB - The mitotic index of Yoshida ascites tumor cells was significantly higher in rats that underwent tuberoinfundibular destruction than those lesioned in other regions of the hypothalamus or in the cerebral hemispheres or in sham-operated animals. Survival was shorter in the rats lesioned in the tubero-infundibular and posterior hypothalamic regions. The rise in the mitotic index of Yoshida ascites tumor cells is consistent with the results of previous work showing significantly increased cell proliferation in the normal tissues of animals lesioned in the tuberoinfundibular region. PMID- 6986580 TI - Effects of testosterone on catecholamine turnover and LHRH contents in the basal hypothalamus and preoptic area. PMID- 6986581 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Indonesia. PMID- 6986582 TI - Head fixation system for integration of radiodiagnostic and therapeutic procedures. AB - A head fixation system is described enabling exact transfer of positions between neuroradiological and therapeutic procedures. The key item of the system is a base plate that is rigidly attached to the patient's head, either by a plastic mould or screws onto the calvarium. The base plate may easily and accurately be attached to diagnostic or therapeutic units. Coordinates of target points in the various units are directly related through the exact application of the base plate. Procedures for the exact comparison of spatial information have been worked out. The system has been used for diagnostic procedures such as plain skull radiography, cerebral angiography, CT scanning, position emission tomography, and gamma camera examinations, as well as for therapeutic procedures such as stereotaxic biopsy and radiation treatment. PMID- 6986583 TI - A new targeting device for stereotaxic procedures within the CT scanner. AB - A new targeting device is reported which makes it possible to perform stereotaxic procedures within CT scanners under tomographic control. The zero position of the biopsy needle is the reference point for all measurements. The head of the anesthetized patient is immobilized with firm plastic cushions in a special head holder. This unit can be used for biopsies, preoperative marking of small lesions, therapeutic punctures, and placement of radioactive substances into inoperable brain tumors. PMID- 6986585 TI - [Alterations of blood coagulation and endothelial function in diabetic microangiopathy]. PMID- 6986584 TI - A critical evaluation of two methods of head fixation. AB - Two head-fixation systems, one using Thermoplast and the other Lightcast were tested as to reproducibility by comparing stereotactic coordinates before and after CT scan and after removal and reapplication of the helmets. Helmets constructed of Lightcast were more consistently stable than those constructed of Thermoplast probably due in part to the dental fixation used with the former. With Lightcast the change in position of coordinates was consistently less than 3 mm, i.e. 2 pixels, which is within the tolerance of the system as a whole. PMID- 6986586 TI - [The Pharmacopoea spagyrica and other works of Pietro Poterio (1587?-1640)]. PMID- 6986587 TI - [Functional aspects and morpho-pathological correlations in rheumatoid lung]. PMID- 6986588 TI - [The use of high doses of soluble Urbason in the treatment of renal transplants]. PMID- 6986589 TI - [Toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6986590 TI - Preventing and correcting tube and cuff problems in artificial airways. PMID- 6986591 TI - Incoming president's address. PMID- 6986592 TI - Outgoing president's address. PMID- 6986593 TI - Periodontists' medal to Howard L. Ward. PMID- 6986594 TI - Emil Lentchner is 1980 recipient of DSSNY Distinguished Service Award. PMID- 6986595 TI - I. Lawrence Kerr to receive DSSNY's Jarvie-Burkhart Award. PMID- 6986596 TI - Looking back-two perspectives. PMID- 6986597 TI - Outbreak of amikacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in an intensive care nursery. AB - An outbreak of amikacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (KES) occurred in the Intensive Care Nursery (ICN) of the Louisville General Hospital from January 1978 through March 1978. Epidemic disease and an increased colonization rate in newborn infants due to amikacin-resistant microorganisms has not been documented previously. Three of the 11 neonates died. The organisms isolated were resistant to amikacin and two experimental aminoglycosides, sissomicin and netilmicin. The outbreak was contained following institution of several control measures, including pharyngeal inoculation of an experimental strain of alpha streptococcus in four infants. PMID- 6986598 TI - Physical and psychological follow-up on offspring of renal allograft recipients. AB - In light of concern regarding the effect of pregnancy on renal allograft recipients and the lack of information about their offspring, we studied ten infants born to eight allograft recipients (five female and three male). In all five female recipients, allograft function remained normal throughout pregnancy and the puerperium. Complications of pregnancy were minimal. Four patients were delivered by cesarean section, three for obstetrical reasons and one electively. Three of ten infants were premature births. There were no significant neonatal complications. At time of follow-up study, the offspring were 4 months to 6 8/12 years of age; physical examination was normal on all offspring. Developmental test results ranged from 82 to 131. Parents tended to be overly cautious and sought medical attention at the first sign of illness. Our data indicated no adverse effect on renal allograft function of the female recipients and no physical or developmental abnormalities in the offspring. PMID- 6986599 TI - More fetal monitoring debate. PMID- 6986600 TI - Contraception in the adolescent: current concepts for the pediatrician. AB - An overview is presented of the major methods of contraception available to the sexually active adolescent. Emphasis is given to the combined birth control pill, while the literature describing absolute and relative contraindications to oral contraception is reviewed. It is noted that adolescents with chronic illness must also be evaluated for contraceptive needs. Other methods covered include the intrauterine device, barrier methods (diaphragm, condom, and vaginal contraceptives), injectable contraceptives, postcoital contraception, and methods under current investigation. The approach to each patient must be individualized, based on her coital activity, understanding of alternatives, medical status, and what method is chosen. PMID- 6986601 TI - Bacterial colonization of radial artery catheters. AB - In 147 radial artery catheterizations performed, blanching or embolization was noted in 10.8% of the patients. Only a single episode of catheter-related septicemia was observed (0.6%) Mean duration of catheterization was 48 +/- 6 hours. Of 110 catheters cultured 25.4% grew bacteria; most organisms cultured were nonpathogenic. Duration of catheterization and intravascular infusion did not alter the incidence of catheter colonization. PMID- 6986602 TI - [Nordisk Medicin 50 years old. End of an era that assured scientific continuity]. PMID- 6986603 TI - [Microbiological control of autoclave procedures in odontologic practice]. PMID- 6986604 TI - [The role of progesterone and progestins in hydroelectrolytic metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - The role of progesterone and progestins in hydroelectrolytic metabolism have been compared. The mechanism of progesterone natriuretic action was discussed from clinical and biological data and from the recent data of the competitive action of progesterone for the mineralocorticoid receptor. However the lack of potassium retention cannot be completely explained by the balance of two characteristics of progesterone: the first being the catabolic action leading to a liberation of tissular potassium and the second, the anti-mineralocorticoid action. On the other hand synthetic progestins either derived from 17 hydroxyprogesterone of from nortestosterone exhibit a sodium retention action. Moreover some of these molecules exert an estrogenic effect leading to increase in angiotensinogene and renin activity. This effect has to be kept in mind as far as blood pressure variation is concerned. Thus, it is of great importance to find new progestins able to reproduce the natriuretic action of natural progesterone. PMID- 6986605 TI - [Doxycycline after renal transplantation. 40 cases]. PMID- 6986606 TI - [Hypertension secondary to a "renin tumor". One case (author's transl)]. AB - Eleven cases of hypertension secondary to a renal tumour secreting renin have been described in the literature between 1967 and 1978. The authors here report another case which presented with severe hypertension and a cerebrovascular accident in a 30-year-old woman. Intravenous urography and renal arteriography revealed a tumour of the upper pole of the left kidney. Estimation of renin levels in the renal veins demonstrated hypersecretion on the side of the tumour. Tumourectomy was followed by normalisation of blood pressure levels. Histological examination confirmed a diagnosis of a tumour of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. PMID- 6986607 TI - [Sympathetic surgery for pain from R. Leriche until today]. PMID- 6986608 TI - Compilation of tRNA sequences. AB - This compilation presents in a small space the tRNA sequences so far published. The numbering of tRNAPhe from yeast is used following the rules proposed by the participants of the Cold Spring Harbor Meeting on tRNA 1978 (1,2;Fig. 1). This numbering allows comparisons with the three dimensional structure of tRNAPhe. The secondary structure of tRNAs is indicated by specific underlining. In the primary structure a nucleoside followed by a nucleoside in brackets or a modification in brackets denotes that both types of nucleosides can occupy this position. Part of a sequence in brackets designates a piece of sequence not unambiguosly analyzed. Rare nucleosides are named according to the IUPACIUB rules (for complicated rare nucleosides and their identification see Table 1); those with lengthy names are given with the prefix x and specified in the footnotes. Footnotes are numbered according to the coordinates of the corresponding nucleoside and are indicated in the sequence by an asterisk. The references are restricted to the citation of the latest publication in those cases where several papers deal with one sequence. For additional information the reader is referred either to the original literature or to other tRNA sequence compilations (3-7). Mutant tRNAs are dealt with in a compilation by J. Celis (8). The compilers would welcome any information by the readers regarding missing material or erroneous presentation. On the basis of this numbering system computer printed compilations of tRNA sequences in a linear form and in cloverleaf form are in preparation. PMID- 6986609 TI - Collection of published 5S and 5.8S rRNA sequences and their precursors. PMID- 6986610 TI - Codon catalog usage and the genome hypothesis. AB - Frequencies for each of the 61 amino acid codons have been determined in every published mRNA sequence of 50 or more codons. The frequencies are shown for each kind of genome and for each individual gene. A surprising consistency of choices exists among genes of the same or similar genomes. Thus each genome, or kind of genome, appears to possess a "system" for choosing between codons. Frameshift genes, however, have widely different choice strategies from normal genes. Our work indicates that the main factors distinguishing between mRNA sequences relate to choices among degenerate bases. These systematic third base choices can therefore be used to establish a new kind of genetic distance, which reflects differences in coding strategy. The choice patterns we find seem compatible with the idea that the genome and not the individual gene is the unit of selection. Each gene in a genome tends to conform to its species' usage of the codon catalog; this is our genome hypothesis. PMID- 6986613 TI - Uniforms: a history. PMID- 6986611 TI - Studies on the function of two adjacent N6,N6-dimethyladenosines near the 3' end of 16S ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli. IV. The effect of the methylgroups on ribosomal subunit interaction. AB - The effect of the presence or absence of the methylgroups of the m2(6)Am2(6)A sequence near the 3' end of 16S rRNA of Escherichia coli on the interaction of the ribosomal subunits has been studied, using wild-type (methylated) and mutant (unmethylated) ribosomes. Subunit exchange experiments and competitive association experiments show a strong preference of the 50S subunit for association with methylated 30S subunits. The results indicate that the equilibrium constant of the reaction 70S in equilibrium with 30S + 50S is dependent on the methylgroups; mutant 30S.50S couples are less stable than wild type 30S.50S couples. It is postulated that the methylgroups also stimulate the interaction between 30S subunits and initiation factor IF-3. PMID- 6986612 TI - Mechanism of codon-anticodon interaction in ribosomes. Direct functional evidence that isolated 30S subunits contain two codon-specific binding sites for transfer RNA. AB - 30S subunits were isolated capable to bind simultaneously two molecules of Phe tRNAPhe (or N-Acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe), both poly(U) dependent. The site with higher affinity to tRNA was identified as P site. tRNA binding to this site was not inhibited by low concentrations of tetracycline (2 x 10(-5)M) and, on the other hand, N-Acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe, initially prebound to the 30S.poly(U) complex in the presence of tetracycline, reacted with puromycin quantitatively after addition of 50S subunits. The site with lower affinity to tRNA revealed features of the A site: tetracycline fully inhibited the binding of both Phe-tRNAPhe and N-Acetyl Phe-tRNAPhe. Binding of two molecules of Phe-tRNAPhe to the 30S.poly(U) complex followed by the addition of 50S subunits resulted in the formation of (Phe)2 tRNAPhe in 75-90% of the reassociated 70S ribosomes. These results prove that isolated 30S subunits contain two physically distinct centers for the binding of specific aminoacyl- (or peptidyl-) tRNA. Addition of 50S subunits results in the formation of whole 70S ribosomes with usual donor and acceptor sites. PMID- 6986614 TI - Uniforms: serving the profession for over a century. PMID- 6986615 TI - Roast pheasant and raspberries? PMID- 6986616 TI - Hospitals should do the sick no harm. 1. They are still dangerous places. PMID- 6986617 TI - Question about HR 3990. PMID- 6986618 TI - Physiological roles of ketone bodies as substrates and signals in mammalian tissues. PMID- 6986619 TI - Role of nutrition in immunologic function. PMID- 6986622 TI - Double-blind evaluation of cimetidine as an adjunct to the routine double contrast upper-gastrointestinal examination. AB - Cimetidine, an effective gastric hydrogen receptor antagonist, is evaluated as a secretion eliminator in a routine double contrast upper-gastrointestinal study to improve areae gastricae visualization. One-hundred patients in a double-blind study used cimetidine or a placebo. Results suggest that acid secretion blockage with limited dosage has no advantage in micromucosal visualization. PMID- 6986621 TI - Estimating rate of growth in bone lesions: observer performance and error. AB - In an experimental study of reader experience in identifying the variables essential to grading bone neoplasms, reader error is measured against book grade, a human consensus of the presence or absence of key variables. The average accuracy for classifying focal lesions into slow or fast categories is 83.4% for 890 readings as compared with average diagnostic accuracy of 53.7%. Analyses of human error have provided insight into how to improve the grading algorithm without significant loss of its ability to separate lesions into meaningful categories. PMID- 6986620 TI - Striate muscle tensional patterning in frontalis EMG biofeedback. PMID- 6986623 TI - Albert Lanham Allen, M.D. PMID- 6986624 TI - George Carroll Brown, Jr., M.D. PMID- 6986626 TI - Jonathan S. Paulson, M.D., LL.B. PMID- 6986625 TI - In memoriam: Shu-Ren Lin, M.D. 1936-1979. PMID- 6986628 TI - Cancer immunology--an overview. PMID- 6986627 TI - Stanley M. Rogoff, M.D. 1922-1979. PMID- 6986629 TI - Serotherapy of malignant disease. PMID- 6986631 TI - BCG, levamisole and transfer factor in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 6986630 TI - Mediation of immune responses to tumor antigens by immune RNA. PMID- 6986632 TI - Tumor immunology, T cell maturation, and T cell neoplasia. PMID- 6986633 TI - The effects of combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy on the immune response. PMID- 6986634 TI - Immune adjuvant therapy in lung cancer. PMID- 6986635 TI - Active immunotherapy of cancer for minimal residual disease: new trends and new materials. PMID- 6986636 TI - Systemic adjuvant therapy with BCG versus BCG + 5FU in colorectal cancer Dukes' Class C: updated critical analysis. PMID- 6986637 TI - Immunotherapy of cancer: current status. PMID- 6986638 TI - [Tobacco mosaic virus; Revised mechanism of the morphogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6986639 TI - [Oligosaccharide chains of influenza viral glycoproteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 6986640 TI - New anticancer drugs. PMID- 6986642 TI - Clinical evaluation strategy in specific disease types - clinical study of gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy in one institute of Japan. PMID- 6986641 TI - Clinical strategies in the chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer. AB - Clinical strategy in chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer depends on availability of drugs with single-agent activity. If active drugs are available, combination chemotherapy trials can be developed. In gastric cancer, combinations of 5-fluorouracil with chloroethyl nitrosoureas or adriamycin and mitomycin C are capable of producing responses in 40-50% of patients. Such active combinations may now be evaluated in patients with less advanced gastric carcinoma. The role of combination chemotherapy is now being defined in patients with locally unresectable cancer and in the surgical adjuvant situation. In pancreatic and colorectal cancer, combination chemotherapy regimens have been of marginal effectiveness. The major thrust of clinical investigation must be directed toward phase II evaluations of single agents in these diseases. PMID- 6986643 TI - Preliminary clinical study of aclacinomycin A. PMID- 6986645 TI - A cover history. PMID- 6986646 TI - [Roentgenological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of injuries of the upper cervical vertebral column (author's transl)]. AB - Accurate differentiation of traumatic, inflammatory and congenital changes in the upper cervical vertebral column requires specific knowledge of the complex anatomic conditions in this segment of the spine, as well as of its embryological specialities and its regional pathology. This article deals with the analysis of the most important traumas of the upper cervical vertebral column and the relevant differential diagnosis. PMID- 6986644 TI - Continuation of phase II study of 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidine-5-yl)-methyl-3-(2 chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU). PMID- 6986647 TI - [Computer tomography of the spleen (author's transl)]. AB - The specialist will expect diagnostic information on the spleen in particular with regard to its size. Well-tried examination methods are available. However, important arguments in favour of computer tomography in special cases are, among others, easy execution, reproducibility, accuracy of presentation, and an examination method which places practically no burden on the patient. In the author's opinion, the significance of CT representation of the spleen is undisputed with regard to radiation planning. The significance of computer tomography for the greater part of diagnostic problems -- tumors, inflammations, systemic diseases etc. -- , especially when compared with the ultrasound method, does not seem to be finally established, even on the basis of our studies. PMID- 6986648 TI - AMIS negative on aspirin and heart attacks. PMID- 6986649 TI - D. Allan Bromley, president-elect. PMID- 6986650 TI - AAAS officers, staff, committees, and representatives for 1980. PMID- 6986651 TI - Mutagenicity of a new hair dye ingredient: 4-ethoxy-m-phenylenediamine. AB - An ingredient recently introduced in hair dyes, 4-ethoxy-m-phenylenediamine, is mutagenic in histidine-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Its mutagenic activity is similar to that of the hair dye ingredient is apparently replaced, 4 methoxy-m-phenylenediamine. PMID- 6986652 TI - Insulin binding sites localized to nerve terminals in rat median eminence and arcuate nucleus. AB - Specific binding sites for blood-borne insulin were determined to be selectively localized on axons and axon terminals in the external median eminence and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus by means of quantitative fine structural radioautography. This localization suggests that discrete populations of hypothalamic nerve terminals are potential targets for the direct effects of insulin and that insulin may act through synaptic mechanisms to influence hypothalamic circuits regulating energy balance and hypophyseal function. PMID- 6986653 TI - Renin-specific antibody for study of cardiovascular homeostasis. AB - Antiserum specific for purified canine renal renin was used to inhibit this enzyme in trained, conscious dogs. The antiserum did not affect blood pressure in sodium-replete dogs but decreased plasma renin activity and blood pressure in sodium-depleted animals. The antiserum also reduced blood pressure to control levels concomitant with suppression of plasma renin activity in uninephrectomized dogs with acute renovascular hypertension. These observations establish the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the maintenance of blood pressure in the sodium-depleted state as well as in the initiation of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6986655 TI - Institute of Medicine names Robbins president. PMID- 6986654 TI - Lead in albacore: guide to lead pollution in Americans. AB - Lead contamination in canned tuna, exceeding natural concentrations 10,000-fold, went undiscovered for decades because of analytical error. The magnitude of this pollution effect helps explain the difference between the lead concentration in the diets of present-day Americans (0.2 part per million) and inthe diets of prehistoric peoples (estimated to be less than 0.002 part per million). It also explains how skeletal concentrations of lead in typical Americans became elevated 500-fold above the natural concentrations measured in bones of Peruvians who lived in an unpolluted environment 1800 years ago. It has been tacitly assumed that natural biochemical effects of lead in human cells have been studied, but this is not so because reagents, nutrients, and controls used in laboratory and field studies have been unknowingly contaminated with lead far in excess of naturally occurring levels. An unrecognized form of poisoning caused by this escessive exposure to lead may affect most Americans because magnitudes of biochemical dysfunctions are proportional to degrees of exposure. PMID- 6986656 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of amelogenins in enameloid of lower vertebrate teeth. AB - The indirect method of immunofluorescence was used to demonstrate the presence of amelogenins in the enameloid of teeth and dermal denticles of Chondrichthyes; in the enameloid of Teleostei and Amphibia; and in the enamel of Reptilia. Nonmammalian amelogenins are formed in the ectodermal cells of tooth organs and chemically are so similar to mammalian amelogenins that they interact with antiserum prepared from bovine enamel matrix. PMID- 6986657 TI - alpha-Lactalbumin-casein induction in virgin mouse mammary explants: dose dependent differential action of cortisol. AB - The interplay of insulin, cortisol, and prolactin induces synthesis of casein and alpha-lactalbumin in cultured mammary explants from mature virgin mice. A striking difference has been found between the optimal concentrations of cortisol required for maximal induction of the two milk proteins in vitro: 3 x 10(-8) molar for alpha-lactalbumin and 3 x 10(-6) molar for casein. Moreover, 10(-7) to 10(-5) molar cortisol caused progressive inhibition of alpha-lactalbumin accumulation. Such differential actions of cortisol may partly account for the asynchronous synthesis of the two proteins during pregnancy. PMID- 6986658 TI - Experimental induction of puberty in the infantile female rhesus monkey. AB - Normal ovulatory menstrual cycles were initiated in prepubertal female rhesus monkeys by the infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone for 6 minutes once every hou;. When this regimen was discontinued, the animals promptly reverted to an immature state. These findings permit the conclusion that neither adenohypophysial nor ovarian competence is limiting in the initiation of puberty and suggest that this process depends on the maturation of the neuroendocrine control system that directs the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. PMID- 6986659 TI - Mycoplasmal, viral, and rickettsial pneumonias. PMID- 6986660 TI - Acute tropical pneumonias. PMID- 6986661 TI - Aspiration and inhalation pneumonias. PMID- 6986663 TI - Tissue preservation: a technology in the history of our knowledge of the cranial nerves. PMID- 6986662 TI - HDL cholesterol and coronary heart disease. AB - Of the risk factors related to coronary heart disease, three clearly stand out: elevated blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and elevated levels of serum cholesterol. Recently, considerable evidence has accumulated indicating that, in addition to concentration of total blood cholesterol, the manner in which cholesterol is distributed or transported in the blood may be associated with the risk of developing coronary heart disease. Specifically, the level of one particular lipoprotein called high density lipoprotein (HDL) appears to be an important predictor of the possibility of developing heart disease. The higher the proportion of HDL the lower the risk of developing heart disease. In general, the blood concentrations of HDL cholesterol are high in children, decrease with age, and are the lowest in sufferers of coronary heart disease. This observation is true in both blacks and whites. The relationship between physical activity and blood cholesterol have not been definitely established. Preliminary reports indicate that exercise does, in fact, raise blood levels of HDL cholesterol and may thus provide some protective effect to coronary heart disease. Data are only now emerging as to the specific effects of diet, stress, or diabetes on the proportion changes of serum HDL cholesterol and their possible interaction in CHD. New and exciting relationships appear to be close at hand. PMID- 6986664 TI - Sulphinpyrazone in the prevention of cardiac death after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6986665 TI - [Kidney transplantation]. PMID- 6986666 TI - Experience with the use of an intravesical hydrostatic pressure balloon. AB - Treatment with the use of an intravesical hydrostatic pressure balloon has been undertaken on 34 occasions in 24 patients. The procedure can be of great benefit in seriously ill patients with intractable hemorrhage of the bladder in whom alternative treatment methods either have failed or are too great a risk to attempt. It can also provide a useful treatment adjunct in the management of patients with massive low grade, noninvasive tumors of the bladder in whom endoscopic resection is not technically possible. PMID- 6986667 TI - Increased uptake of insulin and glucagon by the liver as a signal for regeneration. AB - We have determined the pancreatic output and the hepatic uptake, per gram of liver, of insulin and glucagon before and after both a 42 and a 72 per cent hepatectomy in dogs. Pancreatic output and hepatic uptake were determined from the hormonal concentration, as measured by radioimmunoassay, and the blood flows in the portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic vein measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. There was no significant difference in the output of either insulin or glucagon by the pancreas after hepatectomy. Likewise, peripheral concentrationof insulin and glucagon did not change significantly. The uptake of each hormone by the liver was a function of the amount delivered to the liver both before and after hepatectomy. After a 72 percent hepatectomy, there was a statistically significant increase in uptake per gram of liver for both insulin and glucagon, p less than 0.005, when compared with the uptake before hepatectomy. During this time, the plasma glucose concentration fell. The immediate increase in the uptake, per gram of remaining liver, of insulin and glucagon may be a signal for regeneration in terms of rapid augmented binding or degradation by liver cell receptor sites. PMID- 6986668 TI - A technique for the placement of a continuous suture. PMID- 6986669 TI - Ectopic secretion of parathyroid hormone. AB - Ectopic parathormone production has become a well described entity. The availability of an assay for parathormone has enabled the tumors responsible for this syndrome to be more readily identified. The differential diagnosis must include primary hyperparathyroidism and, if this cannot be ruled out, neck exploration should be undertaken. If possible, the treatment for the ectopic parathormone syndrome should be the excision of the tumor. This is usually unsuccessful and treatment should be directed at the hypercalcemia. Temporary control is usually successful but recurrent hypercalcemia with its complications is ultimately fatal for the patient. Newer methods of treatment of these often slow-growing tumors may result in longer survival in many of these patients. PMID- 6986670 TI - Rejection of organ-cultured allogeneic fetal rat pancreas. PMID- 6986671 TI - Skin cancer in Caucasian renal allograft recipients living in a subtropical climate. AB - Between September, 1969, and December, 1978, 290 patients received 325 cadaveric renal allografts; 11 others transplanted elsewhere were also observed. Cancers developed in 28 patients (9.3%); 26 of these (93%) had skin cancers. The incidence of skin cancer increased by 5% annually after the first year of graft function, to a cumulative 44% in those surviving 9 years with functioning grafts. This represents an incidence of 4,356/100,000 person years of post-transplant risk--20.6 times the annual incidence of skin cancer in the general population of Southern Queensland. Half of the patients had multiple tumors when the first skin cancer was diagnosed, after a mean latent interval of 34 months. A total of 138 skin cancers occurred in 26 patients (average, 5.3 per patient), with a maximum of 19 in one individual. The ratio of basal to squamous cell carcinoma was reversed from 4:1, in the general population, to 1:1.7. Conventional surgical excision gave satisfactory results, with the one local recurrence being controlled by reexcision. Two patients (7%) died of melanoma and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, respectively, whereas two of the other four patients who died from cancer had coincidental skin cancer. The two skin cancer deaths represent only 2% of all deaths in allograft recipients. These results suggest that the problem of skin cancer in these patients can be controlled and thus is not a significant contraindication to the continued clinical use of cadaveric renal transplantation. PMID- 6986672 TI - [Spina bifida and hydrocephalus: medical and surgical, nursing and psychosocial aspects]. PMID- 6986673 TI - [Irradiation of solid Walker carcino-sarcomas after synchronisation with hydroxyurea (author's transl)]. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats with solid Walker carcino-sarcomas were synchronized with hydroxyurea (HU; 6 x 50 mg and 1 x 300 mg HU/kg body weight) and then irradiated at different time points (60Co). The synchronized tumors showed a significant delay of growth when irradiation was applied in the late G1 phase, at the transition G1/S and in the early S phase. The remaining phases of the cell cycle, especially the S phase showed the same sensitivity as the non-synchronized controls. Improvement of therapy by irradiation after HU application was largely due to the synchronization of tumor cells. Only the increased therapeutic effect of irradiation shortly after application of HU can be explained also by combination of both HU and irradiation. PMID- 6986674 TI - [Professor J.S. Mitchell's 70th anniversary]. PMID- 6986675 TI - [Urgent tasks of improving the organization, planning and coordination of research in the field of forensic medicine and toxicological and forensic chemistry]. PMID- 6986676 TI - [Use of spectral methods of study in forensic medical practice]. PMID- 6986677 TI - [Improved methods of preparing bone macropreparations]. PMID- 6986678 TI - [Prof. Nikolai Vladimirovich Popov (1894-1949)]. PMID- 6986679 TI - [New literature on forensic medicine]. PMID- 6986680 TI - [Status and tasks of further improvement in the methodology level of forensic cytological research on material evidence]. PMID- 6986681 TI - Plasma or serum. PMID- 6986682 TI - The evaluation of a positive direct antiglobulin test in pretransfusion testing. PMID- 6986683 TI - Levels of anti-A and anti-B in commercial immune globulins. AB - Samples from 168 lots of immune serum globulin, tetanus immune globulin, and Rho (D) immune globulin produced by seven American manufacturers during the period 1973-1977 were analyzed for anti-A and anti-B content by saline and antiglobulin titration. There was appreciable variation among manufacturers, but between 1973 and 1975 all products showed a significant decrease in alloantibody titer. This trend did not continue during the interval 1975-1977; the titers of most manufacturers' products remained near the 1975 level. The anti-A titer of a given product was approximately one dilution higher than the anti-B; both titers were usually increased by anti-human serum, though this occurred more often in the case of anti-B. PMID- 6986685 TI - Combined effects of HLA matching and age in renal transplantation. AB - Recipient age and matching for the HLA-A and B antigens each influence the graft survival rate of cadaver kidney transplants by approximately 10%. These two factors are cumulative and have a combined effect of nearly 20%. Thus, other factors that have a relatively weak influence on graft success may have a combined effect that makes their clinical consideration highly relevant. PMID- 6986684 TI - Thymosin-induced T cell marker expression and enhanced mitogen responsiveness in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients. AB - Thymosin fraction V, prepared from calf thymus glands was incubated with lymphoid cells from allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients to determine the effects in vitro of thymosin on the expression of a T cell surface marker and on T mitogen-induced proliferative responses. Between 2 and 7 weeks after transplant, thymosin, after a brief coincubation, induced additional patient lymphoid cells to express the receptor for sheep erythrocytes. Between 1 and 8 months after transplant, thymosin, after an overnight preincubation, induced enhanced proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and occasionally pokeweed mitogen. These data suggest that marrow transplant patients had circulating lymphoid cells that were sensitive to thymosin, Thymosin induced the expression of a T cell receptor and enhanced the performance of a T cell functional response. Thymosin appeared to drive the maturation sequence of marrow transplant patient peripheral T cells. These studies were performed at a time when the allogeneic marrow transplant recipients were markedly immunodeficient and susceptible to opportunistic infections. These results suggest that thymosin fraction V may be useful to stimulate the immune system in vivo in patients after allogeneic marrow transplantation. PMID- 6986686 TI - Abrogation of T cell homing by alloantibody. AB - Utilizing a dual isotope assay, the effect of passively transferred enhancing alloantibody on the specific accumulation of cytotoxic T cells in murine skin allografts were examined. (C57BL/6 x A/J)F1 (B6AF1) mice hyperimmunized with weekly injections of B10.D2 and B10.BR lymphoid cells served as a source of anti B10.D2 and anti-B10.BR alloantibody. Intraperitoneal injections of alloantibody in B6AF1 hosts on days 0,2, and 4 significantly prolonged skin allograft survival. Dually skin allografted B6AF1 mice with or without the administration of enhancing alloantibody received differentially labeled (3H/14C) cytotoxic T cells on day 5. On day 7, a "homing index" derived from the comparison of 3H to 14C ratios was calculated for the skin allografts and draining axillary lymph nodes of each mouse. In unenhanced, normal mice significant preferential homing of cytotoxic T cells to skin allografts was demonstrated. However, enhanced mice receiving cytotoxic T cells had significantly dimished homing to skin allografts. Preferential localization of effector cells to the draining axillary lymph nodes was not present in either unenhanced or enhanced mice. These data demonstrate that enhancing alloantibody interferes with the specific accumulation of cytotoxic T cells in skin allografts and may be an important previously undescribed mechanism of immunological enhancement. PMID- 6986687 TI - Rat parathyroid transplantation. Allograft pretreatment with organ culture and antilymphocyte serum. AB - The hypothesis that tissue culture alters the immunogenicity of grafts and that this alteration of immunogenecity is attributable to loss of passenger leucocytes has been investigated in an inbred rat parathyroid allograft model. DA rat (Ag B4) parathyroid glands were cultured for up to 3 weeks before allografting into Lewis rat (Ag-B1) recipients. A second series of experiments was performed in which donor-specific antilymphocyte serum was added to the medium during organ culture for up to 3 weeks. Neither method of pretreatment produced prolongation of allograft survival. PMID- 6986688 TI - Dominant effect of transfusions on kidney graft survival. AB - The number of pretransplant blood transfusions influences the graft survival of cadaver kidney transplants more than HLA-A and B matching, preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies, or center variation. At 1 year the graft survival rate in patients with more than 20 packed cells transfusions was over 30% higher than that in nontransfused recipients (75 +/- 5% versus 41 +/- 2%, P less than 0.0001). Recipients with on packed cell transfusion had a 59 +/- 5% 1-year graft survival rate. Frozen blood and any transfusions given at the time of surgery were relatively ineffective. Pretransplant pregnancies had no significant effect on graft outcome. The improvement effect of transfusions was significant in each of the last four calendar years (1975, P less than 0.001; 1976, P less than 0.01; 1977, P less than 0.0001; 1978, P less than 0.0001). Yet, the percentage of nontransfused recipients has remained almost unchanged over the years. A preliminary survey of transplants done from January to April 1979 showed that one third of the recipients had not been transfused. A change in transfusion policy is indicated to improve the results of cadaver kidney transplantation. PMID- 6986689 TI - Skin transplantation in mice and dogs. Effect of cyclosporin A and dihydrocyclosporin C. PMID- 6986690 TI - Use of ATG in treatment of steroid-resistant rejection. PMID- 6986691 TI - Renal transplantation in the American Indian. PMID- 6986692 TI - Renal transplantation for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. PMID- 6986693 TI - Enhancement of human kidney allografts by cold B lymphocyte cytotoxins. PMID- 6986694 TI - Donor cell leukemia after bone marrow transplantation in the Friend leukemia in mice. AB - After lethal irradiation (800 R) Friend virus (FV-P)-infected leukemic DBA/2 mice were transplanted with normal bone marrow cells. Isogeneic transplantation led to an immediate relapse of leukemia. Therefore, allogeneic bone marrow cells were taken from almost FV-P resistant C57BL/6 mice. A measure of leukemia development was given by the number of erythropoietin-independent erythroid colonies (CFU-EI) in bone marrow and spleen, characteristic for the Friend leukemia. Even after allogeneic transplantation leukemia recurred after 5 to 19 days. By an electrophoretic analysis of the hemoglobin, it could be shown that the transformed erythropoiesis was donor derived. Thus, marrow of C57BL/6 origin loses its FV-P resistance in allogeneic leukemic lethally irradiated recipients and is transformed by the surviving virus. PMID- 6986695 TI - [Determination of immune complexes in serum with the complement consumption test]. PMID- 6986696 TI - [Beta cell function in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus determined by C-peptide measurement]. PMID- 6986697 TI - [Insulin administration]. PMID- 6986698 TI - [Acute traumatic patellar dislocation treated by simple medical capsulorrhaphy]. PMID- 6986699 TI - [Pedicled skin flaps]. PMID- 6986700 TI - [Microsurgical revascularization of free tissue transplants]. PMID- 6986701 TI - [Prevention of thrombosis by thrombocyte inhibition. 2. Clinical results]. PMID- 6986702 TI - [Successful transplantation of a two year old child's kidney to an adult (author's transl)]. AB - The successful transplantation of a single kidney of a two year old child to a 38 year old recipient is reported. The size of the kidney increased 400% and the function 340% over a period of 23 months. Adequate function of the transplant was accomplished through growth and considerable compensatory hypertrophy despite intercurrent rejection reactions. PMID- 6986704 TI - Intrarenal and in situ kidney workbench surgery under hypothermia. AB - Two methods are described to cool the kidney. The surgact type of device can cover the entire kidney or a single pole. The second method for cooling the kidney is use of an intracellular hypothermic solution with methylprednisolone; the kidney is flushed via the renal artery to achieve cooling. Two interesting cases are presented which illustrate the methods used to achieve hypothermia. PMID- 6986703 TI - [Urethroplasty with split thickness skin grafts (author's transl)]. PMID- 6986705 TI - Surgical considerations in treatment of Peyronie disease. AB - A comparison is made of two groups of patients treated surgically in nonrandomized fashion for Peyronie disease. The first group was treated with excision of the plaque and dermal patch graft; the second with simple incision of the plaque and implantation of penile prostheses. Literature and personal experience comparing the two methods are discussed. PMID- 6986706 TI - Impotence after kidney transplantation. AB - Sexual performance was evaluated in 28 men, thirty to sixty years of age, with functioning renal allografts: 13 were potent (controls), 10 had moderate sexual dysfunction, 5 had marked sexual dysfunction. Penile blood pressures, serum hormone levels, plasma zinc levels, and penile venous angiography were evaluated in search of causes of impotence. Thirteen of 15 impotent transplant patients (87 per cent) had marked abnormalities in at least one of the four areas studied. Systematic search for etiologic factors may permit specific therapy for impotence, which occurred in 54 per cent of the 28 kidney transplant patients analyzed. PMID- 6986707 TI - Primary localized amyloidosis of urinary bladder. AB - Primary localized amyloidosis of the bladder is rare. Two new cases are presented, and 44 cases from the literature are reviewed. The disease tends to occur in a younger age group in men than in women. It presents most frequently with gross painless hematuria, and usually appears at cystoscopy as a tumefied, yellowish, and occasionally ulcerated lesion. The amyloid deposits usually involve suburothelial connective tissue, suburothelial vessels, and less markedly the vesical muscularis. The treatment varies from transurethral resection to total cystectomy with urinary diversion. Transurethral resection appears to be the treatment of choice, if feasible. Close follow-up of the patient is necessary because of the frequency of multiple recurrences, which may require an ablative procedure. PMID- 6986708 TI - Dr. Miniere's spermatorrhea alarm. PMID- 6986710 TI - Antibody-coated bacteria in urine. PMID- 6986709 TI - Antiseptic shaker. PMID- 6986711 TI - Computerized search of the medical literature. PMID- 6986712 TI - A circular form of bacteriophage P1 DNA made in lytically infected cells of Escherichia coli. Characterization and kinetics of formation. PMID- 6986713 TI - ["Stromal reaction" of tumors (review)]. PMID- 6986714 TI - [Dr. Palecek -- 50 years old]. PMID- 6986715 TI - [Menus of Professor Josef Thomayer]. PMID- 6986716 TI - [History of Czechoslovak-Russian medical relations in the 19th century in Hana]. PMID- 6986717 TI - [Nikolai Nikolaevich Petrov, founder of Russian oncology]. PMID- 6986720 TI - Cocoyam--a neglected tuber. PMID- 6986718 TI - [25th anniversary of the journal, Voprosy Onkologii]. PMID- 6986719 TI - The contribution of large-scale feeding operations to nutrition. PMID- 6986721 TI - Mercury in marine seafood: the scientific medical margin of safety as a guide to the potential risk to public health. PMID- 6986722 TI - Meat in human nutrition. PMID- 6986723 TI - [Immune adherence reaction of Treponema pallidum in the diagnosis of syphilis]. PMID- 6986724 TI - [Diucifon in the therapy of dermatoses]. PMID- 6986725 TI - [L. M. Gol'dshtein]. PMID- 6986726 TI - [V. V. Kuibyshev on social hygiene problems]. PMID- 6986728 TI - [Elena Evgen'evna Skanavi (her 90th birthday and the 65th anniversary of her medical, scientific and consultation activities)]. PMID- 6986729 TI - [Georgii Vladimirovich Arkhangel'skii]. PMID- 6986730 TI - [Aleksei Nikitovich Shapoval]. PMID- 6986732 TI - [Theoretical aspects of neuropathology and psychiatry]. PMID- 6986731 TI - [Collateral circulation syndromes in the brachiocephalic artery system]. AB - In 56 patients qualitative and quantitative characteristics of variants of collateral circulation in the system of occluded brachiocephalic arteries were studied. The objects of the studies were angiographic and clinical appearance of the variants of retrograde blood flow and the latter's connection with cerebral circulation. It was shown that the reversion of the blood flow from the Willis circle system was observed in 25% of patients with occlusive affections of the brachiocephalic arteries. The most frequent was the flow through the spinal arteries. The subclavicular steal syndrome led to cerebral circulation disturbances that manifested mostly in the form of transitory disturbances of the circulation in the vertebrobasilar and less often the carotid basins of the cerebral circulation. The neurological disturbances were the most specific in patients with isolated affections of the brachiocephalic stem or the subclavicular arteries. At the same time the intensity of the retrograde flow from the Willis circle system is regulated by the level of cerebral circulation, and depends on the degree of the vasocerebral insufficiency. PMID- 6986733 TI - [Camphor preparations in the overall therapy of cerebral infarct]. AB - The authors studied the platelet functional properties and the brain bioelectric activity in 20 patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases before and after subcutaneous injection of 2.0 ml of racemic camphor T, as well as before and after oral taking of monobromated camphor in a dose of 0.5 g 3 times a day. The platelet aggregation was examined by the method of Born (1962) with automatic recording of aggregatograms. The brain bioelectric activity was examined using an Alvar electroencephalograph. As a result, the authors discovered an inhibitory effect of camphor preparations on the platelet aggregation. Racemic camphor T and monobromated camphor were found to produce a stimulant effect on the brain. PMID- 6986734 TI - Cytologic monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid in the treatment of histiocytic lymphoma involving the central nervous system. AB - This is a report of an unusual case in which cytologic monitoring played a key role in the six-and-one-half-year survival of a 21-year-old woman with disseminated histiocytic lymphoma involving the central nervous system. At this writing the patient showed no further evidence of malignant disease. After primary diagnosis, remissions and exacerbations of the tumor were accurately detected by periodic cytologic examinations of 78 spinal fluid specimens. Therapeutic measures included total brain irradiation, implantation of an Ommaya reservoir and combination chemotherapy. This case study demonstrates that cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid is an important method of monitoring the responses of tumors to therapeutic measures. PMID- 6986735 TI - Strongyloides stercoralis in Papanicolaou-stained smears of ascitic fluid. AB - Filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were found by cytologic examination in Papanicolaou-stained smears of ascitic fluid in a renal transplant recipient treated with immunosuppressive drugs. The patient developed a fatal hyperinfection of S. stercoralis produced by an autoinfective cycle of the parasite. PMID- 6986736 TI - Fludrocortisone suppression test in normal subjects, in patients with essential hypertension and in patients with various forms of aldosteronism. AB - The response of urinary diurnal tetrahydroaldosterone (TH-aldo) excretion for fluodrocortisone administration (0.3 mg q.i.d. for 3 days) was studied. In normal subjects (n = 13) and in patients with essential hypertension (n = 8), urinary TH aldo decreased to 36 per cent (range 19-48) and to 51 per cent (range 33-61) of the control value, respectively. Twenty-four patients with primary aldosteronism were studied. Twenty-two of these showed no significant suppression of urinary TH aldo in that the excretion of TH-aldo was 79 per cent of the control value or more. Nineteen of these patients were submitted to operation, and an adrenal aldosterone-producing adenoma was disclosed in every single case. Two patients with primary aldosteronism demonstrated a significant suppression of aldosterone production to 62 and 68 per cent, respectively. Adrenal micronodular hyperplasia was verified in one case and suspected in the other. A significant suppression of aldosterone production was observed in 4 of 5 patients with aldosteronism and normal or high plasma renin levels. The combination of low plasma renin and autonomy of aldosterone production offers a high degree of certainty for the presence of an aldosterone-producing adenoma. PMID- 6986738 TI - Different dynamics of insulin secretion in the perfused pancreas of mouse and rat. AB - The dynamics of insulin release were studied in the perfused pancreas of rats and mice. Perfusion of the rat pancreas with 20 mM D-glucose resulted in the classical biphasic release of insulin with a rising second phase. However, in normal C57BL/KsJ-mice and non-inbred mice, whether fed or starved, the second phase was nearly constant. The secretory dynamics of KsJ-mice were essentially the same, whether the glucose concentration was 30 or 20 mM, whether the medium contained 2.56 or mM Ca2+, and whether or not the medium was supplemented with 5 mM pyruvate, 5 mM glutamate, and 5 mM fumarate. Insulin secretion in these mice was almost totally inhibited by omission of Ca2+, and was markedly enhanced by 3 isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Insulin release during the constant phase was reversed by lowering the glucose concentration. A second rise of glucose from 3 to 20 mM produced a secretory pattern very similar to the first response. These studies indicate that the dynamics of insulin secretion are somewhat different in rats and mice. Since similar results were obtained with C57BL/KsJ-mice and non-inbred mice, the liability of KsJ-mice to develop beta-cell failure when stressed by the mutated db gene is not related to the constancy of the second insulin secretory phase. PMID- 6986737 TI - Inhibition of allogeneic lymphocyte E-rosettes induced by sera from newly diagnosed type I diabetics. AB - Sera from 64 juvenile onset insulin-dependent diabetics (Type I diabetics) and 30 normal subjects were tested for their ability to inhibit sheep red blood cell rosette formation (E-rosette) by normal allogeneic lymphocytes. Inhibition of E rosette formation by greater than 20% was found with 16 (66%) sera from newly diagnosed patients, 3 (16%) sera from patients with duration of disease between 2 and 12 months and with 4 (18%) sera from diabetics with duration of disease between 1 and 7 years. On the other hand, only 2 (6%) control sera showed inhibitory effect. No relationship between E-rosette inhibition and islet-cell antibodies presence, anti-lymphocyte antibodies occurrence, anti-HLA activity, blood glucose levels, respectively, was found. Investigation of the properties of this inhibitory factor suggests that it is different from other substances that reportedly inhibit E-rosette formation. PMID- 6986739 TI - Ethanol inhibition of insulin secretion by perifused rat islets. AB - In vivo and in vitro effects of ethanol on the kinetics of insulin secretion in response to glucose and tolbutamide were studied in perifused rat islets. Phases I and II insulin response to 16.7 mM glucose was decreased 46% and 48%, respectively, in islets of rats given ethanol intragastrically 1 g/kg 1 h prior to sacrifice. Mean blood ethanol levels at the time of animal sacrifice were 19.4 mmol/l. The magnitude of insulin suppression was not significantly enhanced with higher ethanol doses, 2 or 3 g/kg, although mean blood ethanol levels increased to 25.9 and 60.3 mmol/l, respectively. Similarly, significant inhibition of both phases of insulin response to glucose occurred when ethanol 1 or 3 g/kg was given intraperitoneally instead of orally. Ethanol had no effect on insulin secretion when given orally 4 h instead of 1 h prior to islet isolation. Ethanol, 65 mmol/l, added directly to rat islets perifusate simultaneously with 16.7 mM glucose decreased both phases I and II insulin response nearly half; whereas addition of 21.7 instead of 65 mmol/l ethanol had no effect. Pre-treatment of islets with 21.7 or 65 mmol/l ethanol during 30 min basal islets perifusion period had no effect on subsequent insulin response to 16.7 mM glucose. Insulin response to 10 mM tolbutamide was decreased nearly 81% by the simultaneous presence of 65 mmol/l ethanol in islets perifusate. PMID- 6986727 TI - [Experimental psychological studies of speech disorders in schizophrenic patients: problems and methods (a review)]. PMID- 6986740 TI - Somatomedin production by rat liver in organ culture. I. Validity of the technique. Influence of the released material on cartilage sulphation. Effects of growth hormone and insulin. PMID- 6986742 TI - Of bibliographies. PMID- 6986743 TI - Carey Pratt McCord, M.D., LL.D. 1886--1979. PMID- 6986741 TI - Heparin and atherosclerosis. A review of old and recent findings. AB - This article reviews the experimental and clinical evidence regarding heparin therapy in the prophylaxis of coronary heart disease. The actions of heparin take place at the vascular endothelium where injected heparin concentrates, and within the bloodstream. At the endothelium heparin acts to prevent endothelial injury, prevent thrombin generation, prevent platelet adhesion to endothelium, and to decrease uptake of serum lipoproteins. Within the bloodstream heparin increases lipoprotein lipase activity and reduces the concentration of atherogenic very low density lipoproteins. The reduction in lipemia enhances oxygen transfer from blood to the tissues, and decreases thrombin or ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Heparin increases the concentration of high-density lipoproteins. It decreases hypercoagulability and inhibits overactivation of serum complement. Heparin reduced atherosclerosis in most studies in cholesterol-fed animals. In human subjects who had a myocardial infarct at least one year before the onset of treatment, long-term intermittent heparin therapy significantly decreased cardiovascular deaths as compared to control groups. PMID- 6986745 TI - The occurrence of hyperaldosteronism in infants with congestive heart failure. AB - Serum aldosterone and plasma renin were measured in 20 normal infants and 15 infants with congestive cardiac failure. Serum aldosterone was significantly increased (151 +/- 38 ng/dl mean +/- standard error of the mean) in patients before treatment when compared with aldosterone in normal infants (29 +/- 7 ng/dl). Increasing serum aldosterone was related to increasing plasma renin. The response to furosemide appeared to be inversely related to serum aldosterone concentrations. In four infants, administration of an aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone) resulted in improved diuresis and decreased serum aldosterone. Hyperaldosteronism is an important factor contributing to fluid and sodium retention in infants with heart failure. PMID- 6986746 TI - Clinical assessment of external pressure circulatory assistance in acute myocardial infarction. Report of a cooperative clinical trial. PMID- 6986747 TI - Fungal infections of the heart: analysis of 51 autopsy cases. PMID- 6986744 TI - Dynamic coronary stenosis. PMID- 6986748 TI - John Hunter, angina pectoris and medical education. AB - The cardiac death of John Hunter, the 18th century surgeon and anatomist, occurred during a period of emerging understanding of the relation between angina pectoris and coronary artery disease. Although this association was first recognized by Edward Jenner, Hunter's pupil, consideration for his friend and teacher kept Jenner's insight unpublished during Hunter's lifetime. A fascinating controversy on medical education surrounded Hunter during his final year and probably contributed to his death. PMID- 6986749 TI - Medical journals and randomized trials. PMID- 6986750 TI - Saralasin infusion in screening patients for renovascular hypertension. AB - The usefulness of screening patients for renovascular hypertension by infusion of saralasin, a competitive antagonist of angiotensin II, was evaluated. Responses were compared in 19 patients with proved renovascular hypertension and in 34 without renovascular hypertension, as indicated by renal arteriography and renal venous renin studies. Saralasin infusion was carried out in the morning after furosemide, 80 mg by mouth, had been given the previous evening. Seventy-five percent of patients with and 12 percent of those without renovascular hypertension had a reduction in diastolic pressure of 5 mm Hg or more during saralasin infusion; only 45 percent of patients with and 6 percent of those without renovascular hypertension had a reduction of 10 mm Hg or greater during infusion. In comparison, 80 percent of patients with and 18 percent of those without renovascular hypertension had a positive intravenous pyelogram. The predictive value of a positive saralasin test (5 mm Hg or greater reduction in diastolic pressure) was calculated for varying prevalence rates of renovascular hypertension with use of Bayes theorem. The results indicate that when the prevalence rate of renovascular hypertension among hypertensive patients is 5 percent only 25 percent of positive saralasin tests will correctly predict its presence. PMID- 6986751 TI - Nuclear cardiology. I. Radionuclide angiographic assessment of left ventricular contraction: uses, limitations and future directions. AB - Radionuclide angiography has been increasingly utilized to evaluate left ventricular function in a wide variety of disease states. Comparison with contrast ventriculography has shown that radionuclide angiography is an accurate means of determining global ejection fraction. Moreover, studies have shown that this technique is of particular value in detecting the presence and severity of regional asynergy as, for example, in the delineation of a discrete aneurysm versus global asynergy as the cause of congestive heart failure. The relative ease of repetitive examinations permits evaluation of left ventricular function under different conditions. Thus, radionuclide angiography is being increasingly used as a prognostic and therapeutic guide. In addition, it can be used during an acute intervention--for example, with administration of nitroglycerin to detect reversible asynergy or, as recently demonstrated by several groups, during exercise as a relatively sensitive and specific means to detect coronary heart disease. PMID- 6986752 TI - Nuclear cardiology. II. The role of myocardial perfusion imaging using thallium 201 in diagnosis of coronary heart disease. AB - Since its introduction, thallium-201 has become the agent of choice in the clinical assessment of relative myocardial perfusion. Extensive evaluation has shown that it is of particular value in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease in patients with baseline S-T segment abnormalities or an inadequate heart rate response resulting in an inconclusive exercise electrocardiographic response. In addition, thallium-201 imaging is of value in the patient with a suspected false positive stress test; however, the definite incidence of false negative studies in patients with coronary heart disease tempers complete reliance on this approach. In the patient with a diagnostic exercise electrocardiographic stress test, thallium-201 provides limited additional information. Moreover, current techniques of analysis do not permit assessment of the number of coronary arteries with obstructive lesions. In the setting of acute myocardial ischemia, the role of thallium-201 is less clear. In acute myocardial infarction, the significant incidence of false negative responses combined with a multiplicity of potential causes of resting defects including severe but chronic coronary disease or unstable angina limits its diagnostic value. PMID- 6986753 TI - Total body water volumes for adult males and females estimated from simple anthropometric measurements. AB - Individual total body water volumes for 458 adult males and 265 adult females obtained from dilution studies, together with their height, weight, and age have been selected from the literature. These values were used to derive total body water prediction equations for adults of any age. The equations that gave the best fit were for males: formula (see text) and for females: formula (see text). Numerous other linear regression equations to predict total body water from anthropometric measurements have been reported in the literature. Most apply only to restricted age groups. These, and the equations from the present study were tested on completely independent data. In all cases the equations from the present study gave the best overall results, though for women one equation designed for a specific age group, gave for that age group a marginally better fit. PMID- 6986754 TI - Fecal steroids in diarrhea. III. Experimentally-induced travellers' diarrhea. PMID- 6986755 TI - Radiochromium distribution in thyroid and parathyroid deficiency. AB - Body retention and tissue distribution of a 51chromium (Cr) tracer were studied in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats and in TPTX rats after replacement with thyroxin, calcitonin, or parathyroid hormone. A tracer dose containing 1 ng Cr or less and 0.5 to 0.7 muCi of high specific activity 51Cr (Cr III) was injected intravenously in control, TPTX, and TPTX animals receiving hormone replacement. Three days later, the 51Cr content of the serum and various tissues was determined and the data were expressed as percent dose per milliliter or gram and as tissue: serum 51Cr ratios. TPTX resulted in a significant increase in total body 51Cr retention and 40 to 240% increases in serum and tissue 51Cr levels. Tissue:serum 51Cr ratios were uniformly depressed. Replacement with thyroxin completely or partially reversed these changes in all tissues studied except bone. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone had no consistent effect on body, serum, or tissue 51Cr levels. These data, indicating that 51Cr distribution is influenced by thyroid hormone activity but not by calcitonin or parathyroid hormone, are compatible with the hypothesis that thyroid hormone controls cellular Cr transport. PMID- 6986757 TI - Effect of chromium on insulin secretion and glucose removal rate in the newborn. AB - The effect of chromium on glucose removal rate (GRR) was investigated in the first 48 hr of life in 22 full-term newborns. Intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed in all babies in the first 24 hr. GRR was found 1.22 +/- 0.17% min. Sixteen of 22 babies received orally 250 micrograms CrCl3 6 H2O and the other six served as controls (no chromium). Intravenous glucose tolerance test was repeated on the 2nd day in all subjects. In the chromium administered group GRR increased from 1.34 +/- 0.19 to 2.58 +/- 0.45% min (P less than 0.01). In the controls, GRR on 2 consecutive days were found 0.90 +/- 0.36 and 2.04 +/- 0.32% min, respectively (P less than 0.05). The ratio of the difference between two GRR values to initial GRR showed no significant difference between the chromium administered group and the controls. Chromium did not cause a significant change in plasma insulin. The low GRR observed in the newborn irrespective of administered chromium may be taken as evidence that similar to the relative delay in insulin release, the active role of chromium in plasma as glucose tolerance factor may also be inadequate in the early newborn period. PMID- 6986759 TI - Results of conservative therapy of obesity: correlation with adipose tissue morphology. PMID- 6986756 TI - Iron deficiency in infancy and childhood. PMID- 6986758 TI - Impaired cellular insulin binding and insulin sensitivity induced by high fructose feeding in normal subjects. AB - We have studied whether the sucrose-induced reduction of insulin sensitivity and cellular insulin binding in normal man is related to the fructose or the glucose moiety. Seven young healthy subjects were fed their usual diets plus 1000 kcal extra glucose per day and eight young healthy subjects were fed their usual diets with addition of 1000 kcal extra fructose per day. The dietary regimens continued for 1 week. Before change of diet there were no statistically significant differences between body weight and fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and ketone bodies in the two groups studied. High-glucose feeding caused no significant changes in insulin binding or insulin sensitivity whereas high fructose feeding was accompanied by a significant reduction both of insulin binding (P less than 0.05) and insulin sensitivity (P less than 0.05). The changes in insulin binding and insulin sensitivity correlated linearly (r = 0.52, P less than 0.01). We conclude that fructose seems to be responsible for the impaired insulin binding and insulin sensitivity induced by sucrose. PMID- 6986761 TI - Jejunoileal bypass for obesity--what can we learn from a literature study? AB - A computerized search was made of all publications on jejunoileal bypass for obesity, recorded in Index Medicus during 1963 to 1977. A total of 171 references, dealing with 6319 patients were usable for the purpose. Fifty-three variables were registered. The great majority of publications is American and published since 1972. Only 20% are joint publications from collaborating surgical and medical departments. The study draws attention to a number of quantitative and qualitative deficiencies in the data and to the less expedient way they are sometimes presented. Principally, this applies to patient number and description, length of observation time, and frequency of complications. Lack of specified criteria for surgical eligibility is common, as is ambiguity in conclusion. It is suggested that recommendations, positive or negative, reflect the authors' subjective attitude, as they are apparently made from the same objective data. PMID- 6986760 TI - Animal models for the intestinal bypass approach to morbid obesity. PMID- 6986762 TI - What is truly the maximum body pool size of ascorbic acid in man? PMID- 6986763 TI - Protein digestibility of the same protein preparations by human and rat assays and by in vitro enzymic digestion methods. AB - The apparent and true digestibilities of the same preparations of six proteins (spray dried whole egg, cottage cheese, canned tuna, peanut flour, soy isolate, and wheat gluten) were estimated in four to five men and in rats and compared to estimates of digestibility from three different in vitro enzymic digestion procedures. For all six proteins, the correlation coefficient was 0.46 between true digestibility in humans and in rats; with values for tuna excluded, r = 0.96. With all six proteins, none of the in vitro values was significantly correlated with values from humans or rats. However, with either the three animal proteins alone or the three plant proteins alone, correlations were high (r greater than 0.90) between one or more of the in vitro estimates and the observed true or apparent human and rat digestibilities. The differences in the relationship between enzymic digestion estimates and the human digestibility estimates for plant or animal proteins suggest that for accurate prediction of protein digestibility in humans by these enzymic methods, different equations would have to be used for plant and animal proteins. For protein sources containing both plant and animal protein, use of the in vitro enzymic procedures would give only an approximate estimate of digestibility in humans. PMID- 6986765 TI - Association of cats and toxoplasmosis. AB - In 1970, immunofluorescent toxoplasma dye titers were measured on 265 individuals aged 30 years and older from Washington County, Maryland. Characteristics of the individuals were determined from a private census conducted in this area in 1963. Titers at 1:16 dilution or higher were found in 38.5%. A strong positive association was found with increasing age, possession of farm animals, and residence in an older house; a strong negative association was found with possession of cats. These data are not consistent with laboratory evidence that cate are definitive hosts and disseminators of toxoplasma. PMID- 6986764 TI - Immunoperoxidase identification of intracellular immunoglobulins from cell smears. AB - Immunoperoxidase identification of intracellular immunoglobulins from cell smears. Am J Clin Pathol 73: 248--249, 1980. Optimal fixation procedures for intracellular immunoglobulins (Ig) were defined by using cytocentrifuged or conventional cell smears of pokeweed-mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes. The Ig was detected by the unlabeled-antibody-enzyme technic. The results indicate that superior preservation of Ig antigenicity combined with good morphologic integrity is obtained with 2--4 min fixation in Baker's formol-calcium at 20 C with subsequent wash in distilled water. This technic is currently used for the detection of Ig isotypes from bone marrow aspirates and from B cell mitogen stimulated cell cultures. PMID- 6986766 TI - Outpatient treatment of juvenile-onset diabetes with a preprogrammed portable subcutaneous insulin infusion system. AB - Seven patients with juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes (aged 13 to 32 years) were continuously treated for 12 to 32 weeks while out of the hospital in their usual environment with a portable, battery-powered infusion pump which delivers insulin subcutaneously in basal (between-meal) doses with pulse dose increments before meals. Mean blood glucose levels (237 +/- 28 mg/dl during conventional insulin therapy) fell to 105 +/- 5 mg/dl after four weeks of pump treatment (p less than 0.01) and were maintained at 80 to 104 mg/dl as pump treatment was continued beyond eight weeks. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (16.0 +/- 1.5 per cent before pump therapy) also fell within two weeks (p less than 0.01) reaching normal values (9.9 +/- 0.3) after eight weeks of pump therapy. Mean plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were elevated during conventional therapy and fell to normal after pump treatment. After the first month of pump treatment, only minor adjustments in insulin dose (less than 5 per cent of total daily dose) were made. No episode of mechanical pump failure occurred during the 1,110 patient-days of treatment. Overinsulinization and underinsulinization due to human error were relatively rare (four and six episodes, respectively) and failed to result in symptoms of hypo- or hyperglycemia. All patients performed their usual home, work or school activities during pump treatment. We conclude that normalization or near normalization of blood glucose levels can be achieved with a portable subcutaneous insulin infusion system when continuously used to treat patients with juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes outside the hospital for three to eight months. PMID- 6986767 TI - Fatal veno-occlusive disease of the liver following high dose chemotherapy, irradiation and bone marrow transplantation. AB - In two patients fatal veno-occlusive disease of the liver developed after bone marrow transplantation for underlying malignancies. Both had received significant pretransplant chemotherapy, including cystosine arabinoside, and total body irradiation. The diagnosis of veno-occlusive disease should be considered in patients in whom hepatomegaly, ascites and deteriorating liver function tests develop after they have received cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6986768 TI - Intermittent hepatitis B surface antigenuria in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 6986769 TI - Incidence of Campylobacter enteritis in the midwestern United States. AB - The incidence of Campylobacter enteritis was assessed in an 800-bed medical center in the midwestern United States. Stool specimens from 203 patients were cultured on a modified Skirrow's selective media and incubated for 48 hours at 42 C in a microaerophilic atmosphere. Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni was isolated from 10 patients for an incidence rate of 4.9 percent. All patients were symptomatic. The results suggest that clinical laboratories must establish methods to culture and identify this organism on a routine basis. PMID- 6986770 TI - Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial mixtures using agar dilution technique. AB - Antimicrobial susceptibilities of artificially created bacterial mixtures were investigated using an agar dilution technique with a standardized inoculum. Three types of combinations, ie, mixtures containing a susceptible and a resistant organism, and those containing two susceptible or two resistant organisms were tested. Organisms used in the study were previously isolated from a variety of clinical specimens. Both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were included in the evaluation. Of the 42 combinations containing a susceptible and a resistant organism, 30 (73.8 percent) appeared as resistant, and 12 (26.2 percent) as susceptible. Of the 50 susceptible-susceptible combinations, 8 (16 percent) appeared as resistant and 42 (84 percent) as susceptible. However, in the case of 17 resistant-resistant combinations, 16 (94.2 percent) appeared as resistant and only 1 (5.8 percent) as susceptible. "Direct" or "primary" antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the clinical specimens, which are likely to contain a variety of microorganisms, can be unreliable and should not be used as a guide to antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 6986771 TI - Jack Tizard. 1919--1979. A personal tribute. PMID- 6986774 TI - Entry into practice: a recurring issue in nursing history. PMID- 6986772 TI - The usefulness of thioridazine for treating childhood disorders--fact or folklore? AB - Studies of thioridazine (Mellaril) use for treating childhood behavior disorders were reviewed with a special emphasis on methodology, In general, we found that the caliber of these studies has been unsatisfactory and, furthermore, that measures of drug effect have tended to stress global rather than specific changes, resulting in little qualitative information being available. Examination of subgroups of children treated with thioridazine failed to reveal different levels of drug responsiveness. Few investigators have attempted to assess cognitive effects, but the evidence suggests that cognitive dulling may be an unwanted effect of treatment. Further research of sufficient quality is needed. PMID- 6986773 TI - The Somogyi effect. PMID- 6986775 TI - The 24-hour excursion and diurnal rhythm of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide in normal pregnancy. PMID- 6986776 TI - Effects of exogenous insulin on excursions and diurnal rhythm of plasma glucose in pregnant diabetic patients with and without residual beta-cell function. PMID- 6986777 TI - Alanine-stimulated insulin secretion in the fetal and neonatal lamb. AB - Standardized rapid infusions of alanine were performed in six fetal lambs and three neonatal lambs to test the hypothesis that elevations of circulating amino acids may induce insulin secretion. Fetal insulin secretion was induced and exhibited a biphasic pattern with maximal elevation (61.8 +/- 18.5 microunits/ml) by 60 minutes of infusion. Alanine infusion was not associated with elevation of plasma glucose. Linear regression analysis delineated a significant relationship between steady state infusion concentrations of alanine and insulin (r = 0.70, p less than 0.01); the correlation was improved by adding glucose as an additional variable (r = 0.80). Alanine infusions into the neonatal lamb demonstrated a similar early pattern of secretion. Two combined glucose-alanine infusions were performed in two fetal lambs and demonstrated a significant effect on the timing of insulin release although no synergy could be demonstrated. Insulin secretion may be important in the modulation of fetal and neonatal amino acid utilization for fuel or protein accretion. Alanine-induced insulin secretion could have the effect of sparing alanine as a glucose precursor and would allow enhanced tissue uptake for transamination and protein synthesis. PMID- 6986779 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty in Mooren's ulcer. AB - Two patients had bilateral, simultaneous Mooren's ulcers that progressed to almost total loss of the corneal stroma in all eyes. The conjunctival epithelium eventually healed over these thinned corneas and the eyes were free of pain and inflammation. Three of the four eyes had combined 7.5-mm penetrating corneal transplants and cataract extractions performed at least four months after disease activity had subsided. All transplants have remained transparent from one to three years postoperatively and there has been no evidence of recurrence of Mooren's ulcers. PMID- 6986780 TI - The journal--1980. PMID- 6986778 TI - Uterine and renal renin release after ligation of the uterine arteries in the pregnant rabbit. AB - Uteroplacental ischemia is associated with uterine renin release in pregnant nephrectomized rabbits. In the present study, uterine and renal renin release after uteroplacental ischemia were investigated in 10 Australian white rabbits at 24 to 28 days' gestation. Pentobarbital was administered, and both uterine arteries were ligated close to their origins. Blood samples were taken for plasma renin activity (PRA) determinations from the femoral artery, uterine vein, and right renal vein before ligation and at 30 and 60 minutes after ligation. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was monitored throughout. In five additional pregnant rabbits renal blood flow (RBF) was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. The preligation uterine vein-artery PRA difference was not significant (1.9 +/- 1.1 ng/ml/hr). Postligation uterine vein-artery PRA was 11.4 +/- 3.2 at 30 minutes and 6.6 +/- 1.9 ng/ml/hr at 90 minutes (p less than 0.02). Preligation renal vein-artery PRA was 32.3 +/- 10.5 ng/ml/hr (p less than 0.02) and did not change significantly after ligation. MAP remained stable and RBF was unchanged after uterine artery ligation. These observations confirm the finding that the kidney is the primary source of renin in the normal pregnant rabbit and demonstrate that following acute uteroplacental ischemia there is significant uterine renin release even when the kidneys are intact. PMID- 6986781 TI - P. J. Waardenburg, M.D. 1886-1979. PMID- 6986782 TI - Autogenic tooth transplantation. The "state of the art". AB - With proper case selection and technique, autogenic tooth transplantation can be a viable treatment modality. The authors present a number of transplant cases and suggest the procedure be considered as an adjunct in orthodontic treatment planning. A comprehensive review of the literature, combined with the authors' opinions and clinical demonstrations, has culminated in a discussion of indications and contraindications, special considerations, optimal timing, technique, and prognosis. It is thought that appropriate utilization can simplify or eliminate prosthetic requirements, reduce the complexity of many orthodontic treatment plans, and convert into routine certain cases heretofore thought to be inoperable. PMID- 6986783 TI - Jacob Furth, MD, 1896-1979. PMID- 6986784 TI - Lysosomal alterations in hypoxic and reoxygenated hearts. II. Immunohistochemical and biochemical changes in cathepsin D. AB - Sublethal hypoxic injury in rat and rabbit hearts was accompanied by a biochemical redistribution of cathepsin D activity from the particulate to the supernatant fraction of the tissue homogenate, which was partially reversible on reoxygenation. Immunofluorescent staining for cathepsin D failed to reveal major anatomic release of the acid hydrolase until necrosis was present, suggesting that the earlier biochemical redistribution was primarily a result of increased lysosomal fragility during homogenization, with significant intracellular diffusion of the enzyme occurring only as irreversible damage took place. Hypoxia produced enlargement of both cathepsin-D-staining lysosomes and nonstaining vacuoles, as well as their aggregation. These changes were intensified during reoxygenation and recovery of reversibly damaged hearts, suggesting a possible role for the lysosomal-vacuolar apparatus in myocytic repair following hypoxic injury. PMID- 6986785 TI - Kinetics of acute inflammation induced by E coli in rabbits. Quantitation of blood flow, enhanced vascular permeability, hemorrhage, and leukocyte accumulation. AB - The inflammatory response to Escherichia coli was quantitated in the skin of rabbits. The lesions were studied up to 24 hours. The vascular permeability increase, measured with 125I-albumin, reached a peak 2 hours after injection of bacteria and subsided after 4 hours. Hyperemia measured with 57Co- or 113Sn labeled microspheres, reached its maximum value around 3 hours, and diminished after 5 hours. In the 24-hour-old lesions both vascular permeability and hyperemia remained at values twice as high as those of control skin sites. The rate of leukocyte accumulation was measured using 51Cr-labeled autologous leukocytes. It reached peak values by 2 hours. Microscopic examination showed that the number of neutrophils remained almost unchanged between 4 and 24 hours after the injection of bacteria. 59Fe-labeled erythrocytes were used to quantitate hemorrhage. Hemorrhage was measurable by 2 hours and plateaued after 4 or 6 hours. It remained at the plateau levels for the 24 hours of the experiment. PMID- 6986789 TI - Deinstitutionalization and social policy: historical perspectives and present dilemmas. AB - The influence of social and economic forces on the placement and treatment of the chronically mentally ill is traced historically. This review suggests that minorities and the poor, who have in the past suffered the worst institutional care, will be most at risk in the community during the present era of cutbacks in social services. Deinstitutionalization, in making claims on resources that the larger community is reluctant to grant, seen as jeopardizing needed incremental reforms. PMID- 6986790 TI - Difficulties in separation-individuation as experienced by offspring of Nazi holocaust survivors. AB - Offspring of Holocaust survivors are found to experience their parents as emotionally detached, and therefore to cling dependently. Fear relating to control of hostile impulses also contributes to the dependency. Parents who have survived the Holocaust may regard their children's individuation as another familial loss. Implications for therapeutic work with this population are considered. PMID- 6986787 TI - Animal model of human disease: yolk sac carcinoma (endodermal sinus tumor). PMID- 6986792 TI - Role of glucagon in regulation of glucose production in exercising dogs. PMID- 6986791 TI - Autonomic dysreflexia in traumatic myelopathy. AB - Autonomic dysreflexia is a syndrome which occurs in patients with lesions of the spinal cord above T6, and it is characterized by exaggerated autonomic responses to stimuli which are innocuous in normal individuals. Clinical features of 68 patients with autonomic dysreflexia in traumatic myelopathy are presented and special attention is drawn to ocular manifestations of autonomic dysreflexia. The symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology and management have been critical analysed and pertinent literature has been extensively reviewed. A plea is made for those involved in the management of spinal cord injury patients (irrespective of specialty) to be aware that autonomic dysreflexia can be a life-threatening problem if not promptly recognized and appropriately treated. PMID- 6986788 TI - Animal model of human disease: breast cancer. PMID- 6986794 TI - Effect of osmolality on arginine vasopressin and renin release after hemorrhage. AB - The effects of alterations of plasma osmolality on plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) and renin activity (PRA) following graded hemorrhage were studied in conscious dogs who were either euhydrated, dehydrated, water loaded, or infused with hypertonic saline. Base-line plasma osmolality and AVP were significantly different in the four treatment groups; however, following hemorrhage the increases in log AVP did not significantly differ. An unexpected finding was that water loading resulted in significant elevations in PRA and plasma aldosterone concentrations, whereas plasma osmolality and AVP were reduced. Prior to hemorrhage, PRA was significantly greater in the water-loaded and dehydrated groups than in the euhydrated or saline-infused groups; following hemorrhage the increases in log PRA were not significantly different in all four treatment groups. The data suggest that, although alterations in osmolality influence base line levels of AVP, they have no effect on relative (logarithmic) rises in AVP following hemorrhage. Similarly, alterations in AVP may influence base-line PRA, but do not influence relative rises in PRA following hemorrhage. PMID- 6986793 TI - Cadmium and nickel influence on blood pressure, plasma renin, and tissue mineral concentrations. AB - Weanling rats were fed a casein-based diet containing either 150 ppm cadmium, 500 ppm nickel, or the combination of these metals for 16 wk. Blood pressure of rats fed the diet with cadmium decreased after 8 wk, but this effect was counteracted by dietary nickel. Cadmium caused a depletion of iron and resulted in an accumulation of zinc in liver and kidney of rats. Nickel partially counteracted the iron loss due to cadmium. In a second experiment, the inclusion of 10 or 20 ppm cadmium in drinking water for 24 mo did not result in elevated blood pressure in normal or genetically hypertensive rats. Cadmium had no effect on the plasma renin levels in either experiment. Low intake of cadmium (10 or 20 ppm) in drinking water resulted in elevated cadmium content in hair. Thus, our data do not indicate that high levels of cadmium contribute to hypertension. PMID- 6986786 TI - Immunobiologic aspects of the brain and human gliomas. A review. PMID- 6986795 TI - Renal excretion of 2,3-dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulfonazole (saccharin). PMID- 6986797 TI - Alteration of myoelectric activity of small intestine by invasive Escherichia coli. AB - Invasive strains of Escherichia coli (4608-58 and TD 213 CL) altered myoelectric activity of the small intestine in New Zealand White rabbits. The altered myoelectric activity had two distinct complex patterns. The first was defined as repetitive bursts of action potentials (RBAPs) that occurred predominantly in infected ligated ileal loops. The RBAP activity is characterized by action potential discharge activity greater than 1.5 s in duration and occurring on three or more successive slow waves on the same electrode recording site. These bursts of action potentials often migrated to adjacent electrode sites. The second complex pattern, defined as the migrating action potential complex (MAPC), occurred predominantly in the uninfected small intestine orad to the ligated ileal loop. The MAPC consists of action potential discharge activity of 2.5 s or longer that propagates aborally over at least two consecutive electrode sites. These studies demonstrated an altered myoelectric pattern, the RBAP, characteristic of invasion within the infected ligated loop. The MAPC, characteristic of noninvasion, was noted in the uninfected proximal small intestine. PMID- 6986796 TI - Effect of atropine on secretion from intact and transplanted pancreas in dog. AB - In dogs with a fistula of the intact pancreas and a transplanted portion of pancreas, we studied the effect of atropine on the pancreatic secretory response to intravenous caerulein and to intestinal perfusion with tryptophan, both given with a secretin background. Atropine (50 micrograms . kg-1 given as an intravenous bolus injection followed by 20 micrograms . kg-1 . h-1 iv infusion) depressed bicarbonate and protein secretion from intact pancreas during stimulation by secretin alone (250 ng . kg-1 . h-1) but did not suppress the increment in bicarbonate secretion in response to caerulein or tryptophan given against the secretin background. In intact pancreas, atropine suppressed protein secretion in response to tryptophan but not in response to caerulein. Atropine had no significant effect on the secretion of bicarbonate and protein from transplanted pancreas in response to secretin, caerulein, or tryptophan. Thus, the only significant effect of atropine on bicarbonate and protein secretion from intact and transplanted pancreas in response to intravenous caerulein or intraduodenal tryptophan, both given against a background of secretin, was inhibition of the protein response to tryptophan in the intact pancreas. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that pancreatic protein secretion in response to intraduodenal tryptophan is mediated in part by a cholinergic enteropancreatic reflex. PMID- 6986798 TI - Cerebral laterality and psychiatry: a review of the literature. AB - The two sides of the human brain are functionally and anatomically different. Research methods based on this cerebral laterality have been used to investigate regional brain function in psychiatric illness. The author describes the functional and anatomic differences between the two sides of the brain, the research methods based on these differences, and the results of studies that have used these methods to investigate brain dysfunction in psychiatric illness. PMID- 6986799 TI - Maintenance therapy with amitriptyline: a controlled trial. PMID- 6986800 TI - Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a review of major studies and a proposed uniform reporting system. AB - The scientific literature from January 1970 to June 1979 was reviewed for articles reporting outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated by paramedic programs. Only articles appearing in refereed professional journals and reporting 25 or more attempted resuscitations were included. A total of 21 articles from 15 U.S. locations were found. Four separate case definitions were distinguished. Methods and reporting formats varied considerably. Few studies used an experimental or quasi-experimental design, or control or comparison groups. The range of attempted resuscitations varied from 26 to 1.106 patients. Patients admitted to hospital varied between 22 per cent and 65 per cent (mean 38 per cent, S.D. +/- 12.4 per cent). Patients discharged alive varied from 3.5 per cent to 31 per cent (mean 17.2 per cent, S.D. +/- 7.1 per cent). Post discharge survival was either not reported or reported in different formats. A simplified reporting format is proposed using factors known to be associated with successful resuscitation: 1) underlying heart disease etiology; 2) witnessed arrest; 3) cardiac rhythm of ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia; 4) hospital admission and discharge and, when possible, by time from collapse to initiation of CPR and definitive care. Uniform reporting of outcomes will improve comparability and accurate measurement of the impact of emergency programs on out of-hospital cardiac arrest. PMID- 6986802 TI - Survival after tracheoinnominate artery fistula. AB - Tracheoinnominate artery fistula is a catastrophic and often fatal complication of tracheal intubation. Early recognition of the problem and prompt aggressive therapy are necessary if any hope of survival can be expected. The report of success in 21 year old woman and a plan of management are included, as well as suggestions for prevention of this complication. PMID- 6986801 TI - American Public Health Association governing council, boards, committees, section councils, and affiliates, 1980. PMID- 6986803 TI - Control of massively bleeding arterioportal fistula using a balloon catheter. AB - The commercial availability of double-lumen balloon catheters has added a new tool for the angiographer in controlling gastrointestinal bleeding. Our report describes a situation in which the unique properties of this catheter were quite effective in controlling life-threatening hemorrhage. PMID- 6986804 TI - Femoral hernia with strangulated Meckel's diverticulum (Littre's hernia). AB - An unusual complication of a Meckel's diverticulum, a strangulated Littre's femoral hernia, is presented. The incidence and complications of Meckel's diverticulum are discussed. It is emphasized that most complications occur before age 30. Thus in an adult an incidentally discovered Meckel's diverticulum should not be resected. PMID- 6986805 TI - Charles procedure for lymphedema: a warning. AB - Five patients with lower extremity lymphedema treated by subcutaneous excision and split-thickness graft resurfacing (from the opposite extremity) have been followed up. Three of these patients underwent amputation of the leg because of exophytic changes within the grafted skin, chronic cellulitis and skin breakdown. Resurfacing with a split-thickness graft causes a deformity that is significantly worse than the original lymphedema. In the Charles procedure (subcutaneous and deep fascial excision followed by full-thickness grafts), deep muscle fascia should be excised with the subcutaneous tissue and the extremity resurfaced with more durable full-thickness grafts taken from the excised tissue. However, the risks of graft failure should be considered. Over the past 9 years, 25 patients with lymphedema have been successfully managed by staged subcutaneous excision beneath flaps. This procedure safely provides consistent reduction in size, improvement in function and very satisfactory esthetic results. In the author's opinion the Charles procedure is therefore preferred for treating lymphedema of the extremity. PMID- 6986806 TI - Secure closure of duodenal stump with staples. AB - A modification of the GIA stapler is described that allows closure of a duodenal stump with four rows of staples without any sutures. This method of closing the duodenal stump is simple, quick and secure. It has been used successfully in 12 patients with no postoperative leaks. PMID- 6986807 TI - Hypothermic renal preservation during vascular anastomosis. AB - During the vascular anastomotic portion of renal transplantation, handling is facilitated, the kidney is cushioned, and deep hypothermia is maintained while the kidney is held in a simple sling made of polyethylene foam. PMID- 6986808 TI - Use of military antishock trousers in the hospital. AB - The military antishock trouser (MAST) suit has demonstrated its versatility in a number of situations. A method of inflation and monitoring for use in hospitalized patients using an oxygen flowmeter is described. This technique is simple to use and gives the physician more flexibility in controlling the inflation pressures of the suit. PMID- 6986809 TI - Sex and alcohol: the effects of alcohol on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. AB - Effects of alcohol on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are complex. Those at the gonadal level are best defined in studies such as those presented in this issue. However, there is an accumulating body of data supporting central effects of alcohol. The precise locus or loci is not certain. Further investigations probably including in vitro methodologies are likely to enhance our knowledge in this area. Our understanding of the effects of alcohol in the human female is especially limited. PMID- 6986810 TI - Corneal arcus as a sign of possible alcoholism. AB - North Carolina males with alcoholism showed significantly greater age-adjusted prevalence rates of corneal arcus than those without alcoholism. Thus, arcus senilis should always indicate to the physician the need to explore the possibility of alcoholism, particularly when it is detected in males under the age of 60. PMID- 6986811 TI - The aversive effect of acetaldehyde on alcohol drinking behavior in the rat. AB - There are a number of indications suggesting that acetaldehyde (AcH) is one factor affecting the alcohol drinking behavior in laboratory animals. In the present study, the voluntary alcohol consumption in a free-choice situation was recorded in 17 females Sprague-Dawley rats fed with two different diets. The first diet (commercial Astra-Ewos, Sweden) caused significantly (p less than 0.001) higher blood AcH concentrations after oral alcohol administration and lower alcohol preferences (alcohol intake as percentage of total fluid intake) than the other diet (prepared at the Alko laboratories). With the Alko diet, the individual preference values correlated negatively with the blood AcH concentrations (p less than 0.01) and positively with the liver aldehyde dehydrogenase activities (p less than 0.05). Hepatic alcohol oxidation rate was found to correlate positively with the AcH concentrations from perfused livers (p less than 0.05) and negatively with the alcohol preferences (p less than 0.05), Alko diet). The results are discussed considering a possible biphasic relation between the AcH metabolism and alcohol drinking behavior. PMID- 6986812 TI - The effects of acetaldehyde and disulfiram on albumin synthesis in the isolated perfused rabbit liver. AB - Acetaldehyde infusions inhibit albumin synthesis in the liver from fed donors but not in the livers from fasted donors. The inhibition of acetaldehyde metabolism with 4-MP and disulfiram reverses this finding, suggesting that acetaldehyde per se is not the toxic agent. Disulfiram stimulates albumin synthesis in livers from fasted donors, and the presence of acetaldehyde does not prevent this process. The effects of ethanol infusions cannot be explained as due to the presence of acetaldehyde; some intermediate metabolic step may be the basis of the inhibition of albumin production and polysome disaggregation in the presence of ethanol. PMID- 6986813 TI - Effect of prior narcotic addiction on response to treatment of alcoholism. AB - We studied the effect of prior narcotic addiction on response to treatment of alcoholism. Patients in the Elmhurst Alcoholism Treatment Program are offered medical care, counseling, disulfiram, and close affiliation with Alcoholics Anonymous. We compared 85 alcoholics who had a history of narcotic use with a control group of 85 alcoholics matched for age, sex, and race who had never used narcotics. Among controls, 30 (35%) became abstinent from alcohol for at least half the time that they were known to us. Of the former narcotic users, only 8 (9%) became abstinent for at least half the time they were known to us. Former narcotic users did poorly in alcoholism treatment, whether or not they had ever been treated with methadone maintenance. Alcohol use, often heavy, began before heroin use in at least half the narcotic group. We conclude that a history of narcotic use reduces markedly the chance of success in conventional alcoholism treatment, and that alcoholism and narcotic addiction develop independently. PMID- 6986814 TI - Alcohol and its effect on endocrine functioning. PMID- 6986815 TI - Effect of ethanol on endogenous rhythms of growth hormone secretion. AB - Studies in man on the effect of ethanol on growth hormones (GH) release have been inconclusive. In order to investigate the effect of ethanol on spontaneous episodic secretion of GH, rats were implanted with chronic carotid catheters to permit frequent sampling in unanesthetized rats. Secretion during the 3 hr before (0--180 min) and after (181--360 min) ethanol or saline was assessed by means of samples drawn every 15 min. Secretion patterns after saline or ethanol 0.5 and 2 g/kg were indistinguishable, but ethanol in doses of 3 and 4 g/kg abolished rat GH (rGH) secretion in a majority of animals. Mean rGH after saline injection for the period 181--360 min was 62 +/- 9 ng/ml. When ethanol was given, mean rGH values for this time period were 0.5 g/kg, 63 +/- 6 ng/ml; 2.0 g/kg, 47 +/- 7 ng/ml; 3 g/kg, 28 +/- 3 ng/ml; and 4 g/kg, 23 +/- 2 ng/ml. Differences were not statistically significant between saline and 0.5 or 2 g/kg ethanol, but were significant (p less than 0.01) for 3 or 4 g/kg ethanol. Thus, a single dose of ethanol can abolish spontaneous rGH secretion, but it must be a high dose. The effect of chronic ethanol administration remains to be investigated. PMID- 6986816 TI - Endocrine effects of meternal alcoholization: plasma and brain testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, and corticosterone. AB - Maternal ethanol consumption was associated with reduced levels of dihydrotestosterone in the brains of 1--2-day-old male rats when compared to those of sex-matched pups obtained from dames that were fed sucrose. In contrast, brain levels of corticosterone were increased significantly in the pups of ethanol-fed animals when compared to those from sucrose-fed controls. Brain and plasma estradiol did not differ between groups. These results suggest that maternal ethanol consumption may influence the central nervous system and plasma levels of certain steroidal hormones in the offspring. PMID- 6986818 TI - Demonstration of tolerance to ethanol in non-nervous tissue: effects on vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 6986819 TI - Characterization of acute and chronic tolerance in mice selected for inherent differences in sensitivity to ethanol. AB - Long sleep (LS) and short sleep (SS) mice have been selectively bred for differences in response to hypnotic doses of ethanol. In these studies, SS mice were found to develop functional tolerance faster than LS mice during a regimen of multiple injections of ethanol. No evidence for the development of acute tolerance was evident in mice of either of the selected lines or the offspring of an LS by SS cross (F1), and no metabolic tolerance developed during the 5-day alcohol treatment period. PMID- 6986817 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ethanol: a review. AB - The pharmacokinetics of ethanol in man are reviewed from a historical perspective from the earliest attempts at kinetic analysis of urinary data in 1899 to the present nonlinear analysis of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and time data. Review of the various kinetic theories that have been utilized to describe the kinetics of alcohol metabolism is provided. Extensive review is made of recent investigations supporting the application of Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics to describe alcohol metabolism. Results of direct, nonlinear least-squares computer fitting of BAC following intravenous and oral feeding of alcohol both in the fasting and fed states are presented with appropriate theory. The kinetics of the oral absorption of alcohol and the relationship among stomach emptying rate, the apparent absorption rate, and the area under the BAC-time curve are discussed and data presented. The kinetics of multiple Michaelis-Menten pathways are discussed with application to the (potential) contributions of the MEOS and/or ADH systems to the observed BAC curve and resultant kinetic parameters. Several methods of obtaining pharmacokinetic (Michaelis-Menten) parameters from BAC curves and their interpretation and usage in comparative studies are presented. PMID- 6986820 TI - Twenty-four-hour fluid intake and renal handling of electrolytes after various doses of ethanol. AB - The effects of single ethanol doses on fluid and electrolyte metabolism were studied in 31 male mongrel dogs. The animals were given either 0.75 g/kg 1.50 g/kg, or 2.25 g/kg of a 25% (v/v) ethanol solution or isovolumetric quantities of water. Fluid intake, urine output, and electrolyte (Na, K, Cl, Mg) excretions were measured at 0--3, 3--8, and 8--24 hr. During the ascending portion of the plasma ethanol curve (0--3 hr) there was a diuresis and renal magnesium loss in the two highest dosage ethanol groups. During the initial portion of the descending plasma ethanol curve (3--8 hr), each ethanol group had a significant elevation in voluntary intake. At 8--24 hr, renal retention of sodium, potassium, and chloride was found in the 1.5 and 2.25 g/kg groups, and magnesium excretion was also reduced in the 2.25 g/kg group. Over the 0--24 hr, none of the ethanol groups showed fluid loss, while the 2.25 g/kg ethanol group had significant retention of water. The administration of the 2.25 g/kg ethanol dose also resulted in 24-hr retention of sodium and potassium. PMID- 6986821 TI - Acute effect of ethanol on membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and on protein synthesis in rat liver. AB - The acute effect of ethanol on the membranes of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum, on the in vitro protein-synthetic activities of hepatic free and membrane-bound polyribosomes and on the plasma proteins of rats fasted overnight was investigated. Ethanol (0.75 g/100 g body weight) was tube-fed as a 50% (v/v) solution in saline 3 hr before sacrifice. Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum membranes from control and ethanol-treated rats were compared using the following techniques: (1) lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination of proteins and sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and (2) measurement of 14C choline incorporation into membranes. Hepatic microsomal membranes from ethanol treated rats incorporated in vitro les 125I into total proteins (as well as into the 55,000 molecular weight proteins) and incorporated in vivo less 14C-choline into microsomal membranes than membranes of control rats. Ethanol administration inhibited in vivo incorporation of 14C-leucine or 14C-phenylalanine into liver protein and plasma albumin and globulin. The data also indicate that an acute dose of ethanol reduced the in vitro protein-synthetic activity of hepatic membrane-bound polyribosomes, while free polyribosomes were relatively unaffected. PMID- 6986822 TI - Simple enzymatic procedure for preparation of 15N-labeled L-glutamic acid. PMID- 6986823 TI - Determination of nitrate and nitrite by high-pressure liquid chromatography: comparison with other methods for nitrate determination. PMID- 6986824 TI - Retention of messenger activity of RNA phage RNA following RPC-5 chromatography. PMID- 6986825 TI - Purification of serine acetyltransferase, a component of a multienzyme complex, by immunoadsorption and selective dissociation of the complex. PMID- 6986826 TI - Norepinephrine innervation of the cochlear nuclei by locus coeruleus neurons in the rat. AB - The cochlear nuclei (CN) contain a moderate concentration of norepinephrine (445 +/- 20 ng/g tissue) with dopamine levels (46 +/- 14 ng/g) that are low and within the precursor range expected for a norepinephrine (NE) terminal system. Lesion and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) experiments indicate that this innervation is bilateral and arises from fusiform and multipolar neurons in the locus coeruleus. Autoradiographic and fluorescence histochemical experiments demonstate that locus coeruleus fibers reach the ipsilateral ventral cochlear nuclei via a rostral pathway that projects from the rostral locus coeruleus laterally through the brain stem to the rostral tip of the ventral nuclei. This pathway is located dorsal to the motor and spinal trigeminal nuclei and ventral to the middle cerebellar peduncle. Descending coeruleo-cochlear fibers travel between the fourth ventricle and the vestibular nuclei to enter the acoustic striae. These fibers innervate both the dorsal and ventral nuclei. Contralateral locus fibers reach the CN by crossing in the pontine central gray at the rostral border of the fourth ventricle and by decussating with the fibers of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus ventral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The bilateral locus coeruleus innervation of the cochlear nuclei comprises a highly collateralized network of varicose axons which are not topographically organized. Unlike the cochlear nerve fibers in the CN which form specific projections, the locus coeruleus afferents to these sensory nuclei are diffuse and non-specific. PMID- 6986827 TI - Azathioprine with prednisone for polymyositis. A controlled, clinical trial. AB - A controlled, prospective, double-blind, therapeutic trial of azathioprine was conducted in the initial therapy of polymyositis. Sixteen patients received 60 mg prednisone per day plus either azathioprine (2 mg/kg of body weight per day) or placebo for a period of 3 months. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels fell to normal slightly sooner in the placebo group, but not significantly so. The azathioprine group did not become significantly stronger (P = 0.58) and did not manifest significantly greater improvement of histopathologic features of muscle (P = 0.80) than the placebo group. Initial CPK elevations were significantly related to the degree of muscle inflammation (P = 0.037), but this was not the case at 3 months (P greater than 0.05). Normalization of the CPK could not be equated with disease control. Type II fiber atrophy, attributed to steroid therapy, was more marked in women than in men (P less than 0.03). PMID- 6986828 TI - The identity substitution syndrome. PMID- 6986829 TI - Combination antibiotic therapy of bacterial endocarditis. AB - A penicillin-aminoglycoside regimen is accepted therapy for enterococcal endocarditis, but use of combinations of antibiotics in other forms of bacterial endocarditis is controversial. This review analyzes in-vitro, experimental animal model, and clinical studies of combination "synergistic" antibiotic treatment for enterococcal, viridans streptococcal, staphylococcal, and gram-negative aerobic bacillary endocarditis. Current recommendations for treatment of these entities are discussed. PMID- 6986830 TI - Pemphigus: current concepts. AB - Pemphigus is an autoimmune intraepidermal bullous disease involving the skin and mucous membranes. There are four clinically recognized variants of this disease. The histopathologic hallmark is acantholysis, which is disruption of normal cell to-cell adhesion. Patients produce an IgG antibody directed against an antigen present in the intercellular substance of the epidermis. The antibody binds to the intercellular spaces in vivo and can be frequently detected in patients' sera. Immunofluorescent examination of perilesional tissue and serum is an extremely valuable diagnostic technique. Recently, pemphigus-like lesions have been produced in skin explants grown in tissue culture media enriched with pemphigus serum. Before corticosteroid therapy was available, pemphigus was a fatal disease. Steroids, and more recently immunosuppressive agents, have drastically improved the prognosis. PMID- 6986831 TI - Immunologic abnormalities in sarcoidosis. AB - Patients with active sarcoidosis (acute and chronic) have a depression in systemic cell-mediated immunity manifested by a reduction in the number of circulating T cells and impaired responses of these cells to polyclonal mitogens and recall antigens. These abnormalities are absent in patients with resolved disease and contrast with heightened B-cell activity. The latter includes elevated serum immunoglobulins and the presence of autoantibodies and circulating immune complexes. Similarly, many humoral abnormalities (for example, immune complexes) are absent in patients with resolved disease. Studies of bronchoalveolar cells have revealed changes that are opposite to what is found in peripheral blood. The number of lymphocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage is increased. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of T cells and a subpopulation of activated T cells. These findings suggest that the lung (when involved) is the site of an immune inflammatory response. PMID- 6986832 TI - Mexiletine: a new antiarrhythmic drug. PMID- 6986834 TI - Psychiatric medicine. An annotated bibliography of recent literature. PMID- 6986833 TI - The discovery of insulin. PMID- 6986835 TI - Establishment of a new cell line from maxillary sinus carcinoma. AB - We succeeded in deriving a long-term tissue culture cell line from human maxillary sinus carcinoma. This cell line, designated as MC, was passaged 100 times in vitro over a period of 18 months. The cells are globular in shape, grow as single cells in the culture medium, and the mean population doubling time is about 12 hours. The plating efficiency rate in soft agar is 78% and chromosomal analysis revealed the modal chromosome number to be between 47 and 51. These MC cells were transplanted into five nude mice, all of which developed a tumor after a latency period of 5 to 8 days and died within 39 days. Complete autopsy of all mice revealed no metastasis. Histopathological findings of the original and the transplanted tumor tissues showed a remarkable similarity. PMID- 6986836 TI - [Clinodactylism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6986837 TI - [Drainage after cholecystectomy. A controlled trial (author's transl)]. PMID- 6986838 TI - [Antibacterial therapy in treating the wound after animal bites]. AB - A total of 150 patients with wounds due to animal bites were treated. The bacteriological analysis showed that during the first 24 hours after the bite the main microbes isolated from the wound contents were staphylococci and Coli bacteria. At later periods gramnegative microflora predominated. Prolonged washing of the wounds with furacin and sodium bicarbonate, 2 per cent boric acid after the wound dissection with establishing primary and secondary sutures, antibacterial therapy with semisynthetic penicillins and monomycin provided rapid healing of the wounds in 144 patients. PMID- 6986839 TI - [beta-lactamase inhibitors]. PMID- 6986840 TI - [Prospects for obtaining nontoxic bacterial endotoxins]. PMID- 6986842 TI - [Accelerated determination of microbial sensitivity to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic preparations by serial dilutions using the peroxidase test]. AB - A rapid method for determination of microbial sensitivity to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs with the use of the peroxidase test is described. The procedure takes 6 hours. Peroxidase is determined by a change in the color of the methyl-para-amino phenol sulfate solution added to the broth culture in 6 hours (simultaneously with hydrogen peroxide). The peroxidase test provides detection of the microbe multiplication even when no turbidity is observed. PMID- 6986841 TI - [Effect of detergents on the chloramphenicol inactivation process by resistent bacteria]. AB - The effect of detergents, i. e. cationic, anionic, nonionic and polyelectrolytes of the cationic type on the efficacy of chloramphenicol against resistant strains of E. coli and Staph. aureus was studied. It was found that the detergent effect on inactivation of chloramphenicol by the bacterial resistant strains was inconsistent. The cationic detergents and in particular chlorhexidine had the most pronounced inhibitory effect. In subbacteriostatic concentrations they significantly suppressed inactivation of chloramphenicol in the cells of E. coli and Staph. aureus. The anionic detergents and polyelectrolytes of the cationic type in the above concentrations were effective only with respect to Staph. aureus. It is noted that the detergents increased the activity of chloramphenicol against E. coli and Staph. aureus. PMID- 6986843 TI - [Temperature sensitivity of R-plasmid transfer by clinical strains of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae]. PMID- 6986844 TI - [Experimental meningoencephalitis in mice caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae as a chemotherapeutic model]. AB - The possibility of reproducing meningoencephalitis caused by Kl. Pneumoniae was studied on 1070 albino mice. The infection development was estimated by the clinical picture of the disease, survival of the animals, bacteriological and pathomorphological examination of the brain and internal organs. For reproduction of meningoencephalitis with the lethal outcome it is enough to use an infecting dose of 250 microbial cells. The pathomorphological changes in the brain tissue and the results of the pathogen isolation from the specimes of the brain and internal organs are described in dynamics. The role of vascular affection in the disease pathogenesis is indicated. Experimental meningoencephalitis of mice differs by its pathogenesis and pathomorphological picture from Klebsiella purulent leptomeningitis of rabbits and purulent meningoencephalitis of mice caused by Ps. aeruginosa. The model is recommended for use in the studies on the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs. PMID- 6986845 TI - The challenge of barrier testing. PMID- 6986846 TI - Alkali method for rapid recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from foods. AB - A new culture method employing a potassium hydroxide treatment was compared with the conventional cold enrichment method for efficacy in recovering Yersinia sp. from naturally and artificially contaminated food. The new method increased the yield of Yersinia sp. fourfold and the sensitivity 100-fold, shortened the incubation period, and appreciably decreased the growth of non-Yersinia bacteria from a variety of meats, shellfish, and vegetables. PMID- 6986847 TI - Method for the lysis of Gram-positive, asporogenous bacteria with lysozyme. AB - A method developed for the lysis of oral streptococci that employed the action of lysozyme suspended in dilute tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-hydrochloride buffer containing polyethylene glycol has been adapted for use with lactobacilli, actinomycetes, propionibacteria, and pediococci. Most of the cellular deoxyribonucleic acid was liberated from many strains of bacteria usually thought to be lysozyme resistant. The major observations were as follows: (i) supplementation of the growth medium with L-threonine, L-lysine, or both frequently produced cells that were more susceptible to lysis by lysozyme; (ii) glucose-containing media produced cells that were more easily lysed than those from cultures grown on other substrates; (iii) polyethylene glycol not only served as an osmotic stabilizer, it also enhanced the extent of lysis; and (iv) dilute tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer was superior to the buffer systems most commonly employed in published muramidase-based lysis techniques. Stationary phase cells of Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus mutans were more easily lysed than those isolated from log-phase cultures. The method as detailed in this report should be generally applicable for the lysis of gram-positive, asporogenous bacteria. PMID- 6986848 TI - Accelerated procedure for the enumeration and identification of food-borne Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A procedure was developed for accelerating to 29 h the enumeration and identification of both healthy and stressed cells of Staphylococcus aureus in foods. Baird-Parker agar medium was incubated for 24 h; S. aureus was identified within 5 additional h by using a simplified thermonuclease test. PMID- 6986849 TI - Technique for determining total bacterial virus counts in complex aqueous systems. AB - A direct method is described for measuring bacteriophage concentrations in complex aqueous systems. Conditions for sample clarification, phage recognition, and recovery were optimized. In contrast to the plaque assay, this procedure permits quantitation of total numbers of phages independent of bacterial host. Also, the modifications increase the sensitivity of the sedimentation assay, permitting detection of particles at a minimum concentration of 10(4) per ml. Maximal total phage concentrations in the aqueous phase of sewage and activated sludge mixed liquor were 1.3 x 10(6) and 4.3 x 10(7) per ml, respectively. PMID- 6986850 TI - Prevalence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in some processed raw food from animal origin. AB - Eighteen of 1,200 colonies of Escherichia coli isolated from "keebe," hamburger, or sausage produced heat-labile enterotoxin. None of them produced heat-stable enterotoxin. The characteristics of 9 of the 18 strains are presented. PMID- 6986851 TI - Potential health hazards from microbial aerosols in densely populated urban regions. AB - Aerosolized bacteria were recovered up to 930 m downwind of three sewage treatment plants in Jefferson County, Ky. This distance includes homes in the proximity of several hundred such plants in that county. Bacterial counts were elevated on foliage near activated sludge tanks; although these counts decreased rapidly, at 48 h after exposure they were significantly higher than the counts on unexposed leaves. The 50% lethal dose of aerosolized Klebsiella pneumoniae was comparable to the 50% lethal dose of a virulent clinical isolate, and enteric bacteria were recovered from the respiratory organs of mice after forced inhalation adjacent to an aerated sludge tank. The coliform density in the effluents of the plants tested was inversely related to the airborne bacterial load at those plants. This relationship was attributed to the correlation between effluent quality and extent of aeration of activated sludge. Wind direction and distance influenced the airborne counts, but the extreme variation in counts indicates that it is not possible to predict emission rates accurately in an open ecosystem. Airborne enteric bacteria also were isolated near a decorative fountain used by humans for wading. The discovery of these sources of aerosolized microorganisms from polluted waters in densely populated areas suggests that a potential health hazard may be created by the increased probability of inhaling and ingesting microorganisms of fecal origin. PMID- 6986853 TI - Familial bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 6986852 TI - Antibiotic resistance and its transfer among clinical and nonclinical Klebsiella strains in botanical environments. AB - A total of 183 isolates of Klebsiella from drinking water, market vegetables, wood, sawdust, industrial effluents, and human and animal origin were examined for susceptibility to 10 antibacterial agents. Incidence of resistance to two or more antibiotics tested was: 65% of the human clinical isolates, 59% among bovine mastitis, and 24% among the nonclinical isolates. The five different multiple resistance patterns among nonclinically derived Klebsiella were also found among the human and bovine mastitis isolates. Statistical analyses revealed that patterns of resistance among Klebsiella isolates from drinking water, market vegetables, and industrial effluents were highly correlated with each other and with resistance patterns of human clinical isolates. Antibiotic resistance was transferred between Klebsiella growing in two habitat-simulated environments (growing radish plants and aqueous sawdust suspensions). Transconjugants were detected in 5 of 21 and 6 of 21 mating pairs, respectively. Average transconjugants/donor ranged from 10(-3) to 10(-6) in Penassay broth, from 10(-6) to 10(-7) on radish plants, and from 10(-5) to 10(-8) in sawdust suspensions. Although antibiotic resistance transfer under simulated environmental conditions can occur, regrowth of clinical strains is probably the major cause for the widespread occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella in the nonclinical environment. PMID- 6986854 TI - Cutaneous lesions due to Mycobacterium kansasii. AB - A recipient of a renal homograft had cutaneous lesions on the lower extremities that resembled pyogenic abscesses. Staphylococcus aureus consistently grew from cultures and despite appropriate antibiotics, the lesions did not completely resolve. When special cultures were done, Mycobacterium kansasii was discovered. In immunocompromised patients with infectious cutaneous lesions, skin biopsy using appropriate stains and cultures should be considered early in the course of the illness. PMID- 6986855 TI - Pathogenesis of paradoxical hypertension after coarctation repair. AB - A recent review of 25 patients who had repair of coarctation of the aorta at the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center revealed a 56% incidence of paradoxical hypertension in the immediate postoperative period. Analysis of results from recent animal experiments helped us to formulate a logical explanation of the pathogenesis of this hypertension. Stimulation of sympathetic nerve fibers located between the media and adventitia of the aortic isthmus has two effects, both of which result in hypertension. The first effect is release of norepinephrine and consequential rise in systemic blood pressure. Second, this spinal reflex directly stimulates the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin and cause additional hypertension. An additional effect of this increased renin production might be the shunting of blood from mesenteric arteries, thus causing the abdominal symptoms of so-called post-coarctectomy syndrome. The inability of some patients to adapt to this spinal reflex may be related to the age of the patient when the coarctation was repaired. This probably explains the high incidence of persistent hypertension in patients who undergo coarctation repair after adolescence. PMID- 6986856 TI - Pressure breathing and altered fibrinolytic activity. PMID- 6986857 TI - Hypoalbuminemia after renal transplantation. AB - Changes of serum albumin levels were studied in 20 patients with end-stage renal disease who had undergone renal transplantation. Serum albumin concentrations steadily decreased from a normal pretransplantal value to its lowest level eight to 29 days after transplantation. This was followed by a gradual increase toward pretransplant values by the fourth and fifth weeks after transplantation. Although the hypoalbuminemia was slightly more severe and its recovery somewhat slower in the group with failing grafts than those with functioning grafts, the differences were not statistically significant. The decrease in serum albumin level after transplantation was accompanied by a parallel reduction in serum globulin concentration. However, in contrast to albumin levels, a subsequent increase in serum globulin concentration was not observed during the five-week study period. PMID- 6986858 TI - Studies in intestinal healing VI. Effect of pharmacologically induced peristalsis on fresh intestinal anastomoses in dogs. AB - This study was devised to disclose any harmful effect of stimulation of the bowel by neostigmine (Prostigmin), alone, or in combination with castor oil in 220 canine anastomoses (60 stapled, 60 two-layer silk and catgut inverted, and 100 one-layer silk everted) performed in enteroenterostomies, ileocolostomies, and colocolostomies. Two techniques were used for the one-layer everted anastomoses- a through-and-through simple interrupted ("Navy") and a horizontal mattress interrupted. One hundred and ten experimental dogs received neostigmine intramuscularly on each of the first three postoperative days. Forty-five of these dogs also received castor oil orally on the first two postoperative days. Peristalsis induced by neostigmine, alone or in combination with castor oil, has no deleterious effect on stapled or conventional two-layer inverted or one-layer Navy everted anastomoses of small bowel or colon, but adversely affects the one layer "mattress" closure in the colon. Dogs with induced peristalsis had their first evacuation sooner and ate sooner. PMID- 6986859 TI - Coronavirus-like particles in the feces of normal cats. AB - Coronavirus-like particles, morphologically indistinguishable from coronavirus like particles seen in human, canine, and simian feces, were detected by electron microscopy in the feces from both feline infectious peritonitis antibody-positive and antibody-negative cats. PMID- 6986861 TI - Comparison of haemagglutination-inhibition and single-radial-haemolysis techniques for detection of antibodies to influenza B virus. AB - Some of the strains influenza B isolated between 1975 to 1978 showed a significant drift away from the prototype strain B/HK/8/73 when tested by cross haemagglutination-inhibition. A serum survey for antibody to two strains of influenza B virus was carried out comparing haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and single-radical haemolysis (SRH) tests. The SRH technique was found to be more sensitive than the HI test. PMID- 6986860 TI - Antigenic analysis of influenza A virus surface antigens: considerations for the nomenclature of influenza virus. Brief review. PMID- 6986862 TI - Neurological syndromes and mycoplasmal infections. PMID- 6986863 TI - Serial EEG findings in 27 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - Serial EEG examination was performed in a series of 27 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease observed in Chile in the period 1960 to 1977. The pattern of EEG disturbances is described in the different stages of the disease and compared with those previously reported. In the fully developed stage of the disease, 94% of the EEGs (25 of 27 patients) showed a characteristic periodic aspect. The progressive disappearance of the superficial periodic activity is tentatively explained in one patient submitted to stereo EEG. PMID- 6986864 TI - Reinvestigation of the primary structure of brewer's yeast tRNA 3 Arg. PMID- 6986865 TI - Comparative responses of the yeast mutant strain GL7 to lanosterol, cycloartenol, and cyclolaudenol. PMID- 6986866 TI - Immunochemical studies on the evolution of tryptophanase and the two subunits of tryptophan synthetase of Escherichia coli K 12. PMID- 6986867 TI - Achromobacter protease I-catalyzed conversion of porcine insulin into human insulin. PMID- 6986868 TI - Structural properties of fd coat protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles. PMID- 6986869 TI - Photoreactive insulin analogues used to characterise the insulin receptor. PMID- 6986870 TI - Primary structural similarities between types 5 and 24 M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes. PMID- 6986871 TI - Faithful and efficient translation of viral and cellular eukaryotic mRNAs in a cell-free S-27 extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 6986872 TI - Studies of a myosin-cleaving protease from dystrophic hamster heart. PMID- 6986873 TI - Polyamines effect on subcellular fractionation of rat liver homogenate. PMID- 6986874 TI - Inhibition of the mutagenicity of amino acid pyrolysis products by hemin and other biological pyrrole pigments. PMID- 6986875 TI - beta-Endorphin biotransformation in brain: formation of gamma-endorphin by a synaptosomal plasma membrane associated endopeptidase distinct from cathepsin D. PMID- 6986876 TI - State legislation '79. PMID- 6986877 TI - Audiology and speech-language pathology in Taiwan. PMID- 6986878 TI - An interview with . . . Margaret C. Byrne. PMID- 6986879 TI - Personality characteristics of communicative disorders graduate students. PMID- 6986880 TI - Mutagenicity and PAH-analysis of airborne particulate matter. PMID- 6986881 TI - [Immunoperoxidase method using antiserum against astroprotein for the diagnosis of experimental brain tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6986882 TI - [Circumventicular organs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6986883 TI - The fin lock system. For the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. PMID- 6986884 TI - A double-blind crossover trial on the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05 per cent (Merocet) on plaque accumulation. PMID- 6986885 TI - Orthodontics for the adult patient. Part 2.--The orthodontic role in periodontal, occlusal and restorative problems. PMID- 6986886 TI - Partial denture technique. 5.--Connectors. PMID- 6986887 TI - Rolf Braun, D.M.D. PMID- 6986888 TI - Theophilus Lester Brown. PMID- 6986889 TI - Pre-prosthetic surgery of the edentulous mandible. PMID- 6986891 TI - Partial denture technique. 6.--Resistance to displacement. PMID- 6986890 TI - New surgical operation on teeth. PMID- 6986892 TI - Subcutaneous facial emphysema following an amalgam restoration. PMID- 6986893 TI - The effects of bromocriptine in methyldopa treated hypertension. AB - 1. The effects of treatment with the dopaminergic agonist bromocriptine were studied in nine patients with essential hypertension receiving methyldopa as sole therapy. 2. In Phase 1 of the study, the addition of bromocriptine on a single blind basis caused a significant fall in lying and standing blood pressures. Plasma prolactin fell significantly but there was no significant change in the other biochemical parameters measured. All patients volunteered that they felt a sense of well-being after starting bromocriptine treatment. 3. In Phase 2 of the study the substitution of placebo for bromocriptine in a randomized double-blind trial significantly increased lying and standing blood pressures and plasma prolactin. No consistent or significant changes were observed in methyldopa induced side-effects following the substitution of placebo for bromocriptine. 4. In Phase 3 of the study, a gradual increase in blood pressure was observed in all patients over a few months after stopping bromocriptine therapy. 5. The significance of these findings in relation to the role played by plasma prolactin and central dopaminergic activity in blood pressure regulation is discussed. PMID- 6986895 TI - Pulmonary oedema. PMID- 6986894 TI - Controlled trial of metoclopramide in the initiation of breast feeding. PMID- 6986896 TI - Intranasal flunisolide, placebo and beclomethasone dipropionate in perennial rhinitis. AB - Flunisolide nasal spray has been compared with placebo and with beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of perennial rhinitis. A double-blind, cross-over study in 26 patients comparing intranasal flunisolide (total dose 300 microgram/day) with placebo showed superiority of the active preparation in the relief of sneezing, stuffiness and runny nose. Physicians and patients significantly preferred the active spray. Side-effects on both sprays were mainly confined to transient nasal irritation. Plasma cortisol levels did not change significantly during the trial. A single-blind, cross-over study in 34 patients comparing flunisolide and beclomethasone dipropionate showed relief of sneezing, stuffiness, runny nose and nose-blowing with both medications. There were no differences between the effects of the two preparations. Physicians and patients favoured the drugs equally. Side-effects were minor. PMID- 6986897 TI - Propranolol and giving up smoking. AB - A placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial was conducted to determine whether propranolol helps cigarette smokers to stop smoking; 73 subjects entered the trial but at the end of eight weeks only six had stopped smoking, three in the propranolol and three in the placebo group. There was no evidence of any helpful effect of propranolol in subjects trying to stop smoking. PMID- 6986898 TI - Topical therapy of hyperendemic trachoma with rifampicin, oxytetracycline, or spiramycin eye ointments. PMID- 6986899 TI - Clinical evaluation of clobetasone butyrate: a comparative study of its effects in postoperative inflammation and on intraocular pressure. AB - Clobetasone butyrate, a new corticosteroid with a high topical activity, has been compared with prednisolone phosphate and a placebo in the treatment of inflammation following cataract extraction. These 2 steroids were more effective in relieving postoperative inflammation than placebo (P less than 0.05), though no obvious clinical differences between the 2 compounds emerged from this investigation. However, a single-blind comparative study against betamethasone phosphate in patients suspected of having steroid-induced glaucoma showed that, while betamethasone phosphate significantly raised intraocular pressure, clobetasone butyrate had only a minimal effect, and this difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.02). PMID- 6986900 TI - Crystalline stromal dystrophy: histochemistry and ultrastructure of the cornea. AB - A report of a woman in her fifties with Schnyder's crystalline stromal dystrophy is presented. There is no personal or family history of hypercholesterolaemia. A full thickness corneal disc was removed before grafting and examined by polarised light, histochemistry, and electron microscopy. Specific lipid histochemical methods showed deposits of cholesterol and cholesterol ester in the superficial stroma and in Bowman's membrane, but no triglyceride or free fatty acids were detected. Electron microscopy showed disruption of the superficial corneal stroma and Bowman's zone by cholesterol crystals and the presence of extracellular lamellated lipid droplets with a 4-4.5 nm periodicity. The epithelium, endothelium, and Descemet's membrane were virtually unaffected. The role of corneal grafting in crystalline stromal dystrophy is evaluated and the possible mechanisms of lipid accumulation in this disease are discussed. PMID- 6986901 TI - Quantitative study of the fluidity of Escherichia coli membranes using deuterium magnetic resonance. AB - Specifically deuterated palmitic acid was incorporated into the membrane phospholipids of the L51 strain of Escherichia coli. The cytoplasmic and outer membranes were separated by using standard techniques and studied by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance between 0 and 40 degrees C. Distinctive liquid crystalline and gel spectra were observed to coexist over a wide temperature range. The relative intensities of these spectra provided a direct measure of the fraction of the deuterium-labeled phospholipids in the fluid state as a function of temperature. Above 37 degrees C, the amount of immobilized or gel-phase phospholipid is estimated to be less than 3% of the total phospholipid. The gel to liquid-crystalline transition region for the outer membrane was shifted upwards by approximately 7 degrees C relative to that of the cytoplasmic membrane, in agreement with previous studies [Davis, J. H., Nichol, C. P., Weeks, G., & Bloom, M. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 2103]. The orientational order in the fluid phase of both membranes decreased gradually with increasing temperature and was greater in the outer membrane than in the cytoplasmic membrane. The orientational order of the gel-phase component was the same for both membranes, within an experimental uncertainty of 10%, and was independent of temperature from 0 to 30 degrees C for the outer membrane and from 10 to 30 degrees C for the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 6986902 TI - Resolution and identification of iron-containing antigens in membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli. AB - Iron-containing antigens present in membrane vesicles prepared from Escherichia coli ML 308-225 were analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis following growth of the organism in the presence of 59Fe. Seven discrete antigens (or antigen complexes) are detected by autoradiography, and six contain primarily nonheme iron. Three immunoprecipitates are positively identified as NADH dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3), NADPH dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.1), and glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.4) based on activity stains for these enzymes. Two other immunogens containing nonheme iron correspond to antigens no. 22 and 37 in the crossed immunoelectrophoresis reference pattern of Owen & Kaback [Owen, P., & Kaback, H. R. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 3148]. In addition, the immunoprecipitate corresponding to Braun's lipoprotein contains tightly bound iron. PMID- 6986903 TI - T4 ribonucleic acid ligase joins single-strand oligo(deoxyribonucleotides). AB - T4 RNA ligase joins a 3'-hydroxyl-terminated acceptor oligoribonucleotide to a 5' phosphate-terminated donor oligoribonucleotide. An analogous reaction with single strand DNA oligonucleotides would be useful for the synthesis of defined sequences of DNA because it would eliminate the need to synthesize complementary sequences to form the duplex substrates required by DNA ligase. We have studied the model reaction dA(pdA)5 + [5'-32P] (pdT)4pdCp leads to dA(pdA)5 [3' leads to 5'-32P]pdT(pdT)3pdCp and have obtained 40-60% yields at equimolar concentrations (100 microM to 1 mM) of the two substrates. Higher yields have been obtained when acceptor concentrations in excess of those of the donor are used. The use of a 5' hydroxyl, 3'-hydroxyl terminated acceptor and a 5'-phosphate, 3'-phosphate terminated donor limits the reaction to a unique product. The 3'-phosphate terminated donor was prepared by using RNA ligase to add a single deoxyribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate donor to an oligo(deoxyribonucleotide) acceptor [Hinton, D.M., Baez, J.A., & Gumport, R.I. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 5091]. The DNA oligomer joining reaction requires low concentrations of ATP and an ATP regenerating system, Mn2+, high levels of nuclease-free RNA ligase (30 microM), and incubation for several days at 17 degrees C. The product of the reaction was characterized by its resistance to alkaline phosphatase, degradation by micrococcal nuclease to the expected product [3'-32P]dAMP, and mobility during high-pressure liquid chromatography on RPC-5. The joining of several other deoxyoligomers was also demonstrated. We anticipate that this reaction of RNA ligase will contribute to its usefulness as a reagent for the synthesis of DNA of defined sequence. PMID- 6986904 TI - Synthesis of 8-14C-labeled O6-methyldeoxyguanosine and its deoxynucleotide copolymers. AB - To study the nature and repair of the promutagenic DNA lesion O6-methylguanine, we have synthesized 8-14C-labeled O6-methyldeoxyguanosine triphosphate and investigated the kinetics of its incorporation into the synthetic copolymers poly(dC'm6dG) and poly(dT,m6dG). Deoxy[8-14C]guanosine was methylated with ethereal diazomethane and the products were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. O6-Methyldeoxy[14C]guanosine was converted to the 5' monophosphate with carrot phosphotransferase and then to the 5'-triphosphate via the phosphorimidazolidate formed by the action of N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole. Although m6dGTP was a poor substrate for Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, copolymers could be synthesized from dCTP or dTTP and m6dGTP with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The percent of m6dG in the polymer increased linearly as the percentage of m6dGTP in the polymerization mixture was increased to 20% of the total. The percent incorporation of m6dGTP into poly(dT,m6dG) was, however, higher than into poly(dC,m6dG). Good yields of both polymers were readily obtained. The stability of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine in poly(dT,m6dG) was found to be pH dependent, and the half-life has been measured at four different pH values. PMID- 6986905 TI - Comparison of the zinc binding domains in the 7S nerve growth factor and the zinc insulin hexamer. PMID- 6986906 TI - Evidence that hydride transfer precedes proton transfer in the liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed reduction of trans-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde. PMID- 6986907 TI - Investigation of a novel liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed redox-elimination reaction involving arylnitroso substrate analogues. PMID- 6986908 TI - Characterization of the prothrombin activator from the venom of Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus (taipan venom). PMID- 6986909 TI - Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. Evidence that the dimer is the active form of enzyme I. AB - In vitro kinetic measurements have been performed by using purified HPr, EI, and a membrane fraction of EII from the Escherichia coli phosphoenolypyruvate dependent sugar transport system. These measurements reveal very large lag times in the formation of methyl alpha-glucoside phosphate which are a function of the EI and the EII concentrations. The lag times decrease with increasing concentrations of EI but they increase with increasing concentrations of EII. When EI, together with Mg2+ and phosphoenolpyruvate, is preincubated at 37 degrees C before starting the kinetic measurements, the lag time can be decreased or eliminated. We have shown that the process responsible for the lag time is the activation of EI by dimerization which is influenced by Mg2+ and phosphoenolpyruvate. PMID- 6986910 TI - Binding of carotenoids on reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R 26. AB - The carotenoid-less reaction centers isolated from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (strain R 26) bind pure all-trans spheroidene as well as spheroidenone in a nearly 1 : 1 molar ratio with respect to P-870. Neither beta-carotene nor spirilloxanthin, both absent from wild-type Rps. sphaeroides, could be bound in appreciable amounts. Resonance Raman spectra of the carotenoid-reaction center complex indicate that the carotenoid is bound as a cis isomer, its conformation being very close, although probably not identical, to that assumed by the carotenoid in the wild-type reaction centers. The electronic absorption spectra of the carotenoid-reaction center complexes are in good agreement with such a interpretation. When bound to the R 26 reaction centers, spheroidene displays light-induced absorbance changes identical in peak wavelengths and comparable in amplitudes to those observed in the wild-type reaction centers. Thus the binding of the carotenoid to the R 26 reaction centers most likely occurs at the same proteic site as in the wild-type reaction centers. This site shows selectivity towards the nature of carotenoids, and has the same sterical requirement as in the wild type, leading to the observed all-trans to cis isomerisation. PMID- 6986911 TI - Antagonistic effect of insulin on glucagon-evoked hyperpolarization. A correlation between changes in membrane potential and gluconeogenesis. AB - In the perfused rat liver, administration of glucagon causes a hyperpolarization of the liver cell membrane and increases gluconeogenesis. Insulin, a hormone which is known to antagonize the effect of glucagon on gluconeogenesis also blocks the hyperpolarizing effect of glucagon. Because of this inhibitory effect of insulin of the glucagon-evoked hyperpolarization, a systematic study of possible correlation between changes in membrane potential and gluconeogenesis was undertaken. The membrane potential was changed by valinomycin, tetracaine, or by varying the ionic composition of the perfusate. A highly significant correlation between changes in membrane potential and the rate of gluconeogenesis was noticed. The possibility was raised that changes in membrane potential might exert an influence on metabolic process by a yet unknown mechanism. PMID- 6986912 TI - Alterations in the cell envelope of Escherichia coli late in bacteriophage T4 infection. AB - The cell envelope of Escherichia coli was examined for changes during late stages of bacteriophage T4 infection. Late events in T4 infection are shown to result in (i) a reduction in the effectiveness of membrane separation procedures employing either isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation or selective solubilization of inner membrane by detergent (Sarkosyl or Triton X-100), (ii) the appearance of a 54 000 dalton host protein in membrane preparations, (iii) the adventitious presence of detergent-resistant phage morphogenetic structures in membrane preparation, and (iv) a decrease in the activity of NADH oxidase and an apparent alteration in its association with inner membrane. These modifications occur regardless of the state of the e and t genes of T4. PMID- 6986913 TI - Protein neighborhoods in the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The organization of proteins in the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium was analyzed by cross-linking with cleavable reagents and symmetrical two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major outer membrane proteins could be cross-linked to form multimeric complexes. The pore forming 44 000, 36 000 and 34 000 dalton proteins were cross-linked to form dimers and trimers. Lipoprotein was cross-linked to 33 000 and 17 500 dalton proteins. In addition the 33 000, 24 000, 17 500 dalton proteins and the free form of lipoprotein were cross-linked to the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. The cross-linked complexes found were similar to those of analogous proteins in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, thus suggesting a similar organization of outer membrane proteins in these species. PMID- 6986914 TI - A study of substrate specificity of mammalian and bacterial DNA polymerases with 5-alkyl-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphates. AB - DNA polymerases from procaryotic sources can utilize a variety of dTTP analogues as substrates. We studied here in vitro DNA syntheses catalyzed by DNA polymerase alpha and beta of calf thymus, and for comparison, by the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I large fragment enzyme in the presence of 5-alkyl derivatives of dUTP as dTTP substrate analogues, using activated DNA as template-primer. The alkyl substituents were n-alkyl (from ethyl to hexyl) and iso-alkyl (isopropyl and tert butyl) groups. All enzymes were active in the presence of each modified dTTP, incorporation rates of [3H]dAMP or [3H]dGMP were, however, much lower with the analogues than with dTTP. According to relative incorporation rates, alpha polymerase in DNA synthesis was found to be less sensitive to changes in the length of the alkyl substituent of 5-n-alkyl-dUTPs than beta-polymerase or the E. coli enzyme. Evidence for the incorporation of the analogues was presented for 5 [2-14C]isopropyl-dUTP. PMID- 6986915 TI - Hybridization analysis of the methylated bases of Escherichia coli DNA. AB - The 5-methylcytosine residues of Escherichia coli DNA are randomly dispersed along the genome. Hybridization data indicate that these methyl moieties are transcribed at the same frequency as the total DNA. These results suggest that DNA methylation probably does not play a role in gene expression in bacteria. PMID- 6986916 TI - A novel purification procedure for Penicillium notatum phospholipase B and evidence for a modification of phospholipase B activity by the action of an endogenous protease. AB - The purification of Penicillium notatum phospholipase B was greatly improved using phosphatidylserine-AH Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. This chromatography simplified the procedure, stabilized the enzyme activity and gave six-fold higher yields and two-fold higher specific activity for the enzyme than the previous method (Kawasaki, N. and Saito, K. (1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 296, 426-430). During purification, it was found that an endogenous protease attacked phospholipase B and produced a modified type which exhibited extremely reduced phospholipase B (phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis) activity but maintained native lysophospholipase (lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolysis) activity. This protease was completely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results showed that native and modified phospholipases B had exactly the same molecular weight (90 000) in the absence of beta-mercaptoethanol. However, the latter gave three bands in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol, whereas the former only a single band. These results strongly suggested that the endogenous protease cleaved phospholipase B at only a few sites, thereby changing its phospholipase B activity. PMID- 6986917 TI - Effects of metabolic inhibitors on the regulation of pancreatic glucagon release. AB - The effects of metabolic inhibition on the kinetics of glucagon release by pancreatic islets from normal guinea pigs have been studied in a perfusion system. All three metabolic inhibitors, malonate, iodoacetate and 2,4 dinitrophenol, induced a marked stimulation of glucagon secretion, each displaying its own characteristic pattern of response. This was accompanied by a rapid and marked decrease in the ATP concentration of the A2-cell as evidenced by measurements performed in A2-cell rich islets, isolated from guinea pigs treated with streptozotocin. The ATP levels were reduced by about 90% following iodoacetate and 2,4-dinitrophenol exposure and by about 60% after exposure to malonate. The data support the hypothesis that the inhibition of glucagon release from the A2-cell is regulated via an intracellular, energy-dependent mechanism. PMID- 6986918 TI - Cell surface antigens: prognostic implications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Lymphoblasts from 93 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were characterized by immunologic cell surface markers. These patients were treated on a single protocol, featuring adriamycin therapy during remission, and have been followed from 2 to 6.5 yr (median 4 yr). Three classes of patients were defined serologically: HTA+ Ia- CALLA-, Ia+ CALLA+ HTA-, and Ia+ CALLA- HTA-. Disease free survival and sites of relapse were assessed within immunologic subsets. Similar to the findings of others, T-cell (HTA+ Ia-) patients fared poorly as compared to non-T-cell (Ia+ HTA-) patients (median disease-free survival was 12 and 47 mo. respectively; p = 0.0004). The majority of relapses in the HTA+ patients occurred at extramedullary sites. Late testicular relapse was rare among Ia+ patients. In addition, the "common ALL antigen" (CALLA) may identify a relatively favorable subset within the Ia+ population. The prognostic value of the immunologic markers was compared with traditional clinical factors. There was much overlap between HTA+, older age, and elevated WBC. However, neither age nor WBC alone were of prognostic significance among the Ia+ patients. We conclude that surface markers define both biologic and prognostic characteristics. The course of childhood ALL must be viewed in the context of homogeneous subsets and within particular therapeutic programs. PMID- 6986919 TI - Comparison of two direct assays for platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) in assessement of immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenia. AB - A number of methods have been developed to measure platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG). The antiglobulin consumption assay directly quantitates IgG on the platelet and is sensitive and specific. A fluorescent anti-IgG assay has recently been described and has the advantage of simplicity. We compared the results of these two PAIgG assays in immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenia and nonthrombocytopenic controls. The antiglobulin consumption assay was negative in 61 of 62 and the fluorescent negative in 54 of 62 assays in nonthrombocytopenic controls, and they were negative in 11 of 13 and 8 of 13 assays, respectively, in nonimmune thrombocytopenic patients. The antiglobulin consumption assay was positive in 54 of 58 and the fluorescent positive in 24 of 58 assays of patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP and SLE). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the antiglobulin consumption assay was 94% and 95% and of the fluorescent assay was 44% and 82%. PMID- 6986920 TI - Elimination of acute myelogenous leukemic cells from marrow and tumor suspensions in the rat with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. AB - Cell suspensions of normal rat marrow mixed with rat acute myelogenous leukemic cells were prepared and incubated in vitro with graded doses of 4 hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC). The cell suspensions were injected into rats prepared with a lethal dose of total body irradiation. Animals injected with these cells survived fatal irradiation induced aplasia. In a dose related manner 4HC was able to "purge" tumor cells from the cell mixtures. Thus, animals given cell suspensions incubated with the lower doses of 4HC showed prolonged survival before death from leukemia and animals given cell suspensions incubated with higher doses of 4HC survival lethal irradiation without the subsequent appearance of leukemia. These studies clearly establish that tumor cells may be eliminated from normal marrow suspensions without completely destroying the pluripotent stem cells. PMID- 6986921 TI - Megakaryocyte--platelet axis and the process of platelet formation and release. PMID- 6986922 TI - Pathophysiology of Candida albicans meningitis in normal, neutropenic, and granulocyte transfused dogs. PMID- 6986923 TI - Circulating immunoglobulin-secreting cells in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia. AB - Immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) isolated from patients with plasma cell dyscrasia of various stages were studied using reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Normal healthy individuals contained 35 +/- 16 ISC/10(5) PBM. Aleukemic or subleukemic patients with overt myeloma contained 825 +/- 713 ISC, whereas leukemic patients contained 12,675 +/- 2520 ISC. Patients of premyelomatous stage, however, contained ISC/10(5) PBM of normal range. The relationship between ISC and clinical stage or laboratory data is discussed. PMID- 6986924 TI - The mechanism of thrombin-induced platelet factor 4 secretion. AB - We have measured thrombin-induced secretion of platelet factor 4 antigen (PF4) and simultaneously followed its intracellular translocation by immunofluorescence. In permeable resting platelets, speckled intracellular immunofluorescent staining for PF4 was observed. Addition of thrombin to washed platelets at 22 degrees C resulted in secretion of PF4 and formation of large (approximately 0.5 micrometer) immunofluorescent masses. These masses moved to the cell periphery during secretion and were virtually absent at the conclusion of secretion. Ultrastructural examination of thrombin-treated platelets revealed vacuoles corresponding in size, shape, and time of occurrence to the large immunofluorescent masses of PF4. These vacuoles contained PF4 by immunoferritin staining of frozen thin sections; they therefore appear to represent the ultrastructural counterpart of the large PF4 masses. When intact cells were stained for PF4 after thrombin addition, only 5.6% of the large masses stained. Thus, during secretion, PF4 antigen is consolidated into large closed pools that appear as vacuoles in the electron microscope. PMID- 6986925 TI - Does prostacyclin (PGI2) regulate human arterial intima smooth muscle cell proliferation in early atherogenesis? PMID- 6986926 TI - Ames' mutagenic activity in recycled water from an Israeli water reclamation project. PMID- 6986927 TI - Hypothalamic regulation of pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone. II. Feedback control of gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 6986934 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. PMID- 6986933 TI - The treatment of early breast cancer. PMID- 6986929 TI - The politics of cost containment and resource allocation: experiences in health planning and resource development. PMID- 6986928 TI - The politics of health cost containment: end-stage renal disease. PMID- 6986931 TI - The impact of cost containment on the voluntary community hospital. PMID- 6986930 TI - Hospital cost containment: the hidden perils of regulation. PMID- 6986932 TI - Control of breathing : central mechanisms and peripheral inputs. PMID- 6986936 TI - Indomethacin and the hypotensive action of captopril in DOCA salt hypertensive rats [proceedings]. PMID- 6986935 TI - Screening for breast cancer. PMID- 6986937 TI - Behavioural and biochemical studies in rats with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and kainic acid [proceedings]. PMID- 6986938 TI - Stereotaxic implantation of cannulae for subsequent drug administration into the third ventricles of conscious mice [proceedings]. PMID- 6986939 TI - Clomipramine and exposure for obsessive-compulsive rituals: i. AB - Forty chronic obsessive-compulsive ritualizers were randomly assigned to treatment with oral clomipramine or placebo for 8 months. During weeks 4 to 7 these two groups were each randomly split into treatment by relaxation or by exposure in vivo, and during weeks 7 to 10 all patients had exposure in vivo. Double blind assessments were made at weeks 4, 7, 10, 18, 36, 62 and 114. Results are reported to one year. Clomipramine produced significant improvement in rituals, mood and social adjustment, but only in those patients who initially had depressed mood. The clomipramine effect was maximum from weeks 10 to 18 and diminished thereafter. On stopping clomipramine patients often relapsed and improved again on restarting the drug. Relaxation produced little change. Exposure produced significant lasting improvement in rituals, but less change in mood; improvement generalized to social adjustment at follow-up. Clomipramine plus exposure had a slight additive but not interactional effect. Clomipramine enhanced compliance both with exposure and with relaxation. Clomipramine is useful for compulsive ritualizers with depressed mood, but may need continuation for over a year and combination with exposure in vivo. Exposure in vivo remains the treatment of choice for rituals without depressed mood. PMID- 6986940 TI - Morphine: controlled trial of different methods of administration for postoperative pain relief. AB - Forty-five patients who had undergone major operations were given a slow intravenous injection of morphine sulphate (1 mg/ml saline) until their pain was relieved and were then randomly divided into three equal groups to receive different regimens of morphine sulphate over the next 72 hours. Patients in group A received 3.5 times the pain-relieving dose (28-63 mg, mean 36 mg) by continuous intravenous infusion; those in group B received the pain-relieving dose (90-160 mg, mean 110 mg) intramuscularly, four-hourly for the first 24 hours, six-hourly for the next 24 hours, and then eight and 20 hours later; and those in group C received the pain-relieving dose (80-280 mg, mean 140 mg) intramuscularly as required. Pain was assessed on a linear analogue scale and vital capacity and peak expiratory flow rate measured 12-hourly. The mean pain score was significantly lower and respiratory function significantly better in group A than in groups B and C. Only one patient (in group A) required extra morphine. Thus morphine administered by continuous intravenous infusion is superior to other regimens, giving better pain relief at a lower dosage. PMID- 6986941 TI - Cyclosporin A and the media. PMID- 6986942 TI - Kidney transplants and long-term immunosuppression. PMID- 6986943 TI - Donor kidneys and restrictions on their supply. PMID- 6986944 TI - Breathing difficulties in the newborn. PMID- 6986945 TI - Venous lipodermatosclerosis: treatment by fibrinolytic enhancement and elastic compression. AB - The value of fibrinolytic enhancement with an anabolic steroid (stanozolol) combined with elastic stockings in treating venous lipodermatosclerosis was assessed in a six-month double-blind cross-over trial. Thirty-four legs of 23 patients in whom other treatments had failed were studied. The patients were randomly divided into two groups who were treated with either stanozolol plus elastic stockings or placebo plus elastic stockings for three months, and then vice versa. Treatment with or without stanozolol caused the area of lipodermatosclerosis to decrease, but the rate of healing when patients took stanozolol was double that when they took the placebo, and this was assumed to be biologically important. Stanozolol also reduced the incidence of extravascular fibrin detected in skin biopsy specimens. The elastic stocking with placebo produced significant decreases in leg volume, ankle circumference, and skin thickness. Stanozolol is valuable in treating intractable lipodermatosclerosis, giving relief of pain and reducing induration, inflammation, tenderness, and pigmentation. PMID- 6986946 TI - Nocturnal polyuria and saluresis in renal allograft recipients. AB - The evolution of nocturnal polyuria and saluresis in renal allograft recipients was studied by comparing the day to night (D:N) ratios of urine volume and sodium excretion in 15 patients who had undergone transplantation less than one year previously (recent-transplant group) with those in 11 patients who had undergone transplantation at least one year previously. Eleven patients with chronic renal failure and 12 normal subjects served as controls. Patients in the recent transplant group had significantly lower D:N ratios of urine volume and sodium excretion than the patients who had undergone transplantation at least a year before, while the ratios in this last group did not differ significantly from those in the normal subjects. Nocturnal polyuria and saluresis gradually subsided in five patients studied for three months. Chronic renal failure and uraemic autonomic neuropathy were unlikely causes of the nocturia. The patients in the recent-transplant group had significantly lower D:N ratios of urine volume than the controls with chronic renal failure, and the mean Valsalva ratio in eight of them was not significantly different from that in the normal subjects. An undue sensitivity of renal allografts to postural influences was proposed. PMID- 6986947 TI - Sir James Y Simpson and London's "conservative and so curiously prejudiced" Dr Ramsbotham. PMID- 6986948 TI - Evaluation of flurbiprofen in detrusor instability. AB - Thirty women with detrusor instability (27 cases idiopathic, and three secondary to multiple sclerosis) completed a double-blind, cross-over trial of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor flurbiprofen and a placebo, results being evaluated by questionnaire and cystometry. Frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence were all significantly reduced with flurbiprofen (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.025, and P less than 0.025 respectively), as was the detrusor pressure rise during bladder filling (P less than 0.01). Side effects, however, occurred in 13 patients while taking flurbiprofen compared with five while taking placebo (P less than 0.025). After the trial 19 patients wished to continue with flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen is a useful treatment for idiopathic detrusor instability and is well tolerated by most patients. PMID- 6986949 TI - Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on blood pressure in anephric subjects. AB - Randomised, double-blind cross-over trials were performed in seven anephric patients to determine the effect of the orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on blood pressure in fluid-depleted and fluid-replete patients. Patients were given captopril, 100 mg orally, or placebo one hour after haemodialysis, when they were fluid depleted. Their mean (+/- SEM) supine blood pressure fell from 127 +/- 12/71 +/- 6 mm Hg before captopril to 106 +/- 13/54 +/ 4 mm Hg 24 hours after the drug, while on placebo it rose from 123 +/- 11/73 +/- 5 mm Hg to 134 +/- 10/82 +/- 8 mm Hg. All patients developed orthostatic hypotension after captopril. In the fluid-replete state, two days after haemodialysis, captopril had no effect on blood pressure. The plasma concentration of active renin was extremely low and did not rise after fluid withdrawal or captopril. Thus the hypotensive effect of captopril did not appear to depend on circulating renin concentrations. The concept of "renin-dependent" hypertension, which is responsive to captopril, as opposed to "volume-dependent" hypertension, which is not responsive to captopril, may therefore be invalid. PMID- 6986951 TI - Berkson's fallacy in case-control studies. PMID- 6986952 TI - Depth as well as breadth for postgraduate education. PMID- 6986950 TI - Walpole Lewin CBE, MA, MS, FRCS. PMID- 6986953 TI - Horseradish peroxidase nerve backfilling in leech. PMID- 6986954 TI - Interaction of the anti-estrogen CI-628 and estradiol on plasma LH and hypothalamic LH-RH in the female rat. AB - The effects of the anti-estrogen Ci-628 have been tested on both plasma LH and hypothalamic LH-RH content in ovariectomized or ovariectomized, estradiol (E2) implanted rats, in order to correlate those parameters with the [3H]E2 retention in the hypothalamus and the pituitary. Incresing doses of CI-628 induced a dose dependent inhibition of [3H]E2 retention in both cytosolic and nuclear fractions of the pituitary. In contrast, hypothalamic retention of [3H]E2 is only inhibited significantly with higher doses of CI-628 (2.4 and 24 mg/kg). In ovariectomized rats, only a high dose of CI-628 (24 mg/kg) is able to decrease elevated LH levels observed following castration. In the presence of E2, CI-628 has both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic properties on LH secretion. CI-628 acts at the pituitary level to decrease the tissue sensitivity to LH-RH, but has no effect on mediobasal hypothalamic (MBH) LH-RH content. PMID- 6986955 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in mouse and rat brain: an immunocytochemical study. AB - Immunoperoxidase technique and light microscopy were used to investigate the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in mouse and rat brain. Both 50 micrometers unmounted cryostat and 6 micrometers deparaffinized sections were studied in coronal or sagittal plane. At least 4 different major VIP systems were found: (1) an intracerebral cortical system; (2) one innervating the central amygdala and nucleus of the stria terminalis; (3) a pathway originating in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypo thalamus; and (4) another originating in the central grey of the midbrain. Specific cell body staining was seen in the limbic and neocortex, in the basal-caudal portion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and in the central grey of the midbrain. Heavy terminal field patterns were noted in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, central amygdaloid nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and nucleus accumbens. Fiber density was moderate in the tuberculum olfactoriu, anterior hypothalamus including the medial preoptic area, mediobasal hypothalamus (especially dorsomedial region), periventricular thalamus, lateral lemniscal system, parabrachial nucleus, nucleus solitarius, and area postrema. Fibers could be traced dorsally from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the dorsomedial and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and the periventricular nucleus of the thalamus. Scattered cell bodies and fibers were found in a number of other forebrain and brain stem areas with only a rare fiber seen in median eminence. PMID- 6986956 TI - The central and peripheral effects of Captopril (SQ 14225) on the arterial pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 6986957 TI - [Kidney transplantation in management of chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 6986958 TI - [Dr. Emil Matejicek -- 60 years old]. PMID- 6986961 TI - National Dental Health Month. PMID- 6986959 TI - [Functional state of the heterotopic transplant of the heart during the first 24 hours following transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6986962 TI - Culture and history affects oral health. PMID- 6986960 TI - [Effect of ischaemia on viability of hypothermically preserved and transplanted kidneys of the dog. Histochemical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6986963 TI - Direct impression technique. Sealing prepared apical foramen. PMID- 6986964 TI - Conservative treatment of apical foramen. New root canal techniques. PMID- 6986966 TI - [Experimental allergic pulpitis caused by an extract of sterile human carious dentin]. PMID- 6986965 TI - Review of localized osteitis. PMID- 6986967 TI - A randomized trial of combined modality therapy of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - From 1975 to 1978, 69 children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were staged and treated in a randomized protocol to determine the contribution of involved-field radiotherapy (IF-RT) to an effective drug regimen in Stages III-IV and the efficacy of prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system with cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate in Stage II-IV. Induction therapy for Stages I-II was vincristine, prednisone, cyclophosphamide and IF-RT (3000-3500 rad). Stages III-IV received the same three drugs plus adriamycin, and were randomized to received or not receive IF-RT. The complete remission rate was 88%. After randomization to receive CNS prophylaxis or not, all children received oral mercaptopurine and methotrexate for 18 months. The two-year actuarial estimate of disease-free survival for all responders is 55% and is significantly influenced by stage. (Ninety percent disease-free survival for Stages I-II, versus 38.8% for III-IV, P less than .05). We observed no benefit but added toxicity from IF-RT in Stages III-IV. Efforts at CNS prophylaxis in high-risk children are warranted, since only 1 of 18 children randomized to receive prophylaxis developed CNS disease as the site of first relapse, whereas 4 of 16 receiving no prophylaxis did so. PMID- 6986968 TI - Therapy of advanced colorectal carcinoma with 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide in combination with either CCNU or methotrexate. AB - In a prospective, randomized study a combination of 5-FU, Cyclophosphamide, and Methortrexate (FC-MTX) was compared to a similar combination (FC-CCNU) in which CCNU replaced Methotrexate. Of the 54 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma entered, 47 were evaluable. Toxicity was similar for the two regimens and was acceptable. No complete responses occurred. No difference in partial response (PR) 2/24 for FC-CCNU vs. 3/23 for FC-MTX, stable response 16/47 overall, or progressive disease 26/47 overall, was observed. Duration of PR was three to ten months. The overall median survival was six months, three months for non-responders and 11 months for responders. These drug combinations employing 5 FU do not improve upon the results reported with 5-FU alone in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 6986970 TI - Alternating noncross-resistant combination chemotherapy and active nonspecific immunotherapy with BCG or MER-BCG for advanced breast carcinoma. AB - One hundred fifty-six evaluable patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with vincristine, Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide alternating at fixed intervals with 5-FU and methotrexate. Immunotherapy with BCG or MER-BCG was administered to all patients in two consecutive treatment programs. Overall objective response rate and complete response rate were 67% and 20%, respectively. These were not significantly different between the two immunotherapeutic groups. The median time to progression was sixteen-and-a-half months from initiation of therapy. The median survival of all patients was 21 months and that of responders was 26 months. Response rates, time to progression, and survival showed no significant advantage over a recent historical control group treated with FAC-BCG. Toxicity related to the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow was considerably higher in this protocol than in the FAC combinations. MER at the dose, route, and schedule administered in this protocol caused excessive local and systemic toxic reactions. The alternate use of these noncross-resistant combinations in advanced breast cancer is not superior to combination chemotherapy used in the traditional manner. PMID- 6986969 TI - Tamoxifen plus sequential CMF chemotherapy versus tamoxifen alone in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer: a randomized trial. AB - Eighty-nine postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer, in whom estrogen receptors (ER) were positive or unknown, were treated on a controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of tamoxifen and to assess the therapeutic advantage of sequentially adding low-dose cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy in tamoxifen responders. Patients with known ER negative status were not studied. After the initial 12 week treatment with tamoxifen alone, 59% of ER positive patients achieved complete or partial response as did 35% in whom ER were unknown. Response status further improved in 18% randomized to continue tamoxifen alone vs. 28% in whom CMF was added to tamoxifen. There were no statistically significant differences in time to the development of progressive disease or survival between the ER positive and ER unknown patients or between the tamoxifen and tamoxifen plus CMF groups. We conclude that inability to determine ER status should not prejudice against the use of tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. As yet, no benefit has been demonstrated from the addition of CMF chemotherapy in tamoxifen responders. PMID- 6986972 TI - The National Large Bowel Cancer Project: a progress report. AB - The progress report from the National Large Bowel Cancer Project updates the state of the art of investigations concerning causes, role of animal models, early diagnosis of disease including potential biochemical markers, genetic and pharmacological consideration, proventive measures, and new approaches to the treatment of large bowel cancer. It points out the many interrelations in the multidisciplinary approaches to understanding the mechanisms of disease, means of prevention, methods of earlier diagnosis, and development of rational approaches in the control of large bowel cancer. PMID- 6986971 TI - The case against laetrile: the fraudulent cancer remedy. AB - The evidence for the claims that laetrile (amygdalin) can prevent or control cancers has been reviewed. The beta-glucosidase content of cancer tissues is low compared to that of normal liver and small intestine. Cancer tissues contain the enzyme rhodanese in amounts comparable to that of liver and kidney and hence, cannot be attacked selectively by cyanide release through beta-glucosidase action on amygdalin. Amygdalin does not have the properties of a vitamin. Rats have been reared for several generations on diets devoid of cyanogenic glycosides, without developing neoplasms. Experiments with tumor-bearing rodents have demonstrated no curative properties by amygdalin administration. Amygdalin is not as non-toxic as claimed, particularly when ingested orally, and especially when taken with plant material high in beta-glucosidase. The claims for cure and control of cancers in humans have been refuted by distinguished physicians who specialize in the treatment of cancer patients. The writings of laetrile proponents are filled with erroneous and absurd statements. The propaganda for the doctrine of "freedom of choice in cancer treatment" deludes many individuals with treatable cancer to reject proven methods of treatment. PMID- 6986973 TI - Mutagenesis within the gastrointestinal tract determined by histidine auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The Ames Salmonella mutants can be maintained for months within the gastrointestinal tract of otherwise germfree rats. The ingestion of various carcinogens, but not structurally related non-carcinogens, results in an increased concentration of his+ revertants in the feces. Rats, associated with strain TA1538, were also associated with either L. plantarum of B. vulgatus and with both of these strains. After 2-nitrofluorene ingestion (3.4 mg) the concentration of fecal revertants increased except in rats associated only with strains TA1538 and B. vulgatus. The concentration of B. vulgatus. The concentration of B. vulgatus in the stomach of individual rats correlated negatively with their response to 2-nitrofluorene. Since only B. vulgatus reduces nitrofluorene to the less mutagenic 2-aminofluorene, it appears that B. vulgatus diminishes the revertant response by metabolic removal of the more potent direct acting mutagen from the gut. The ingestion of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (21 mg/kg) and azoxymethane (19 mg/kg) provokes increased fecal revertants only in some animals associated with strain TA1535 or TA100. PMID- 6986974 TI - An overview of thymidine. AB - This review summarizes a body of information suggesting that proper metabolic modulation with certain metabolites can sensitize tumor cells to anti metabolites, and others can de-sensitize (i.e. protect) normal cells from the toxicity of anti-metabolites. This new approach offers the possibility of increasing the selectivity of drug therapy, with the promise of a real advance in cancer chemotherapy. The metabolite thymidine (TdR), long used as a cell synchronizing agent, is known to exert this effect in vitro by metabolic modulation of a number of enzymes in the salvage pathway to DNA synthesis. Against this biochemical background, in vivo effects of TdR employed as an agent for cancer therapy are reviewed as follows: 1) TdR alone, and in combination with, 2) Methotrexate (MTX), or 3) 5-Fluorouracil (FU), or 4) Cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). TdR is shown in all instances either to protect against host toxicity (eg. MTX), or to potentiate the anti-tumor effect (eg. FU and ara-C). Findings are also presented that a sequential schedule of MTX prior to TdR prior to FU is important for the optimal therapeutic activity of these drugs. The biochemical basis for the MTX leads to FU augmentation is reportedly due to increased activation of FU by MTX (acting indirectely). On the basis of this biochemical insight, a completely different chemotherapeutic agent methyl mercaptopurine raboside (MMPR) was substituted for MTX, resulting in a dramatic potentiation of anticancer activity. Metabolic modulation with still other metabolites (UR) and a hormone (testosterone) was demonstrated to protect from host toxicity due to certain anti-cancer agents without offsetting anti-tumor activity. The ability to prevent leukopenia by these means was particularly impressive. Clinical trials have been initiated with TdR alone, TdR + MTX, and TdR + FU; the available clinical data are summarized. PMID- 6986975 TI - Neoplastic human colon cells in studies on the translocation of dimeric IgA. AB - The translocation of dimeric IgA across epithelial cells was studied by immunoelectron microscopy in an in vitro system with cultured neoplastic human colon cells (HT-29). Ultrastructurally, the cells were found to be well-polarized epithelial cells connected by intercellular junctions. Secretory component (SC) was localized to the basolateral plasma membranes. Dimeric human IgA, when reacted with the cells at 0 C, bound selectively to SC. When incubated at 37 C, the bound dimeric IgA was internalized by pinocytosis and transported apically through the cytoplasm in vesicles. The vesicles were opened to the lumen at the apical surfaces or discharged into the lumen. We conclude that the translocation of dimeric IgA across intestinal epithelial cells has been defined at the ultrastructural level in cultured neoplastic colon cells in vitro. PMID- 6986977 TI - Detection of cytoplasmic immunologlobulin in well-differentiated lymphoproliferative diseases by the immunoperoxidase method. PMID- 6986976 TI - Comparison of tamoxifen and hypophysectomy in breast cancer treatment. AB - The effectiveness of hypophysectomy and tamoxifen in treating advanced breast cancer was compared in a randomized study of 26 patients who had responded to prior oophorectomy or additive hormonal therapy. When patients failed to respond or relapsed from tamoxifen or hypophysectomy, the therapy was crossed over. In this designed sequence, the rate and duration of response observed with tamoxifen or hypophysectomy used as the first regimen were comparable. The results suggest that tamoxifen is effective in the posthypophysectomy phase and the sequence or hypophysectomy followed by tamoxifen in hormone-dependent breast cancer is preferable to achieve a maximal control of the disease. PMID- 6986978 TI - So-called "Lennert's lymphoma": is it a clinicopathologic entity? AB - In order to investigate the natural history of so-called "Lennert's lymphoma" and to reevaluate whether non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a high content of epithelioid histiocytes represents a clinicopathologic entity, we reviewed the histopathologic and clinical features of 60 patients in whom pretreatment diagnostic tissues had shown a diffuse and florid epithelioid histiocytic reaction identical to that originally described by Lennert and Mestdagh. Our study indicates that so-called "Lennert's lymphoma" is a heterogeneous group of disorders, which, in our series, included Hodgkin's disease (27 patients), non Hodgkin's lymphoma (24 patients), angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (1 patient), and atypical lymphoepithelioid cell proliferations of uncertain etiology and pathogenesis (8 patients). Most of the patients with Hodgkin's disease had Stage I or II disease without B symptoms, whereas patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma usually had Stage III or IV disease, commonly with B symptoms. The median survival was 79 months in the Hodgkin's disease group, compared with 12 months in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (P less than 0.0001). In patients with atpical lymphoepithelioid cell proliferations, the survival pattern was unpredictable, and the number of patients was too small for a meaningful statistical comparison. Progression to malignant lymphoma in 1 of the 8 patients with atypical lymphoepithelioid cell proliferations, however, underscores the malignant potential of this disorder. One patient with angioimmunoblast lymphadenopathy had generalized disease and constitutional symptoms. In Hodgkin's disease with a prominent epithelioid histiocytic reaction, the gross and microscopic features were similar to those observed in Hodgkin's disease in which this reaction was lacking. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, however both the macroscopic and microscopic features differed from those of the usual non Hodgkin's lymphomas. Moreover, subdivision into poorly differentiated lymphocytic, mixed, and histiocytic types did not reveal any differences in median survival among these subtypes. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a multifocal epithelioid histiocytic reaction previously included in the heterogeneous group called "Lennert's lymphoma" appears to be a distinct clinicopathologic entity. PMID- 6986979 TI - The separation of pineocytoma from pineoblastoma. AB - From our study of eight pineoblastomas and five pineocytomas and a review of the literature, we have described two clinicopathologic syndromes that characterize these neoplasms. Pineoblastomas highly resemble the medulloblastoma-neuroblastoma group of tumors and occur mostly in young people. The tempo of progression of the disease is fast, the length of illness is short. These are infiltrating neoplasms that commonly spread via the cerebrospinal fluid. They are radiosensitive. Histologically they are also similar to the medulloblastoma-neuroblastoma group and are characterized by the scarcity of cytoplasmic processes and by the Homer Wright rosette. They contain giant cells. Pineocytomas are tumors of adults. The tempo of progression of the disease is slow, and the length of illness is long. They expand by compressing the surrounding tissues. Histologically they are characterized by the abundance of cytoplasmic processes and by the pineocytomatous rosette. They contain giant cells. Areas composed of neoplastic gangliocytes and astrocytes in various combinations are common variants in some of these neoplasms. PMID- 6986980 TI - A capsule history of your journal. PMID- 6986981 TI - Comparison of the immunosuppressive effects of asparaginases from Escherichia coli and Vibrio succinogenes. PMID- 6986982 TI - Effects of structure of N-acyl-N-2-fluorenylhydroxylamines on arylhydroxamic acid acyltransferase, sulfotransferase, and deacylase activities, and on mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538. PMID- 6986983 TI - Tumorilysin collected in diffusion chambers and restraint of foreign body tumorigenesis. AB - Tumorilysin was found in diffusion chambers implanted s.c. or i.p. in A/BiF/F50+, DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice. Chambers with 0.45-micrometer pores implanted s.c. were most densely covered by a syncytium of macrophages and had the most consistently active tumorilysin, compared with smaller-pored chambers or those implanted i.p. The lysin acted on cultures of murine sarcomas induced by foreign bodies, murine and human mammary carcinoma, and human lymphoma. Lysis was demonstrable within 15 min. There was a dose-response relationship between residual cell counts in cultures and concentrations of diffusion chamber fluid between 1.5 and 12.5%. Murine fibroblasts in culture were not lysed by tumorilytic fluid. The incidence of sarcomas induced by 15-mm vinyl squares implanted s.c. in A/BiF/F50+ mice was significantly reduced at 64 weeks in each of 4 experiments by 2 or 3 injections of 0.05 ml diffusion chamber fluid within the capsule on each side at 2 to 42 weeks after implantation. Analyses of the fluid, compared with serum, for the following substances showed no correlation with tumorilysis: cathepsin D; neutral protease; complement C3 fraction; and arginase. Tumorilysin was preserved by lyophilization and was destroyed by heating to 56 degrees; it did not pass filters cutting off at m.w. 300,000. PMID- 6986984 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)- and glucagon cells in the pancreatic islet of Xiphophorus helleri H. (Telecostei). Correlative immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. AB - Correlative immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies on the pancreatic islet of the telecost fish Xiphorphorus helleri using antibodies to pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and glucagon show that separate cell types are responsible for the production of these peptides. The PP-cells correspond to the previously described "A2-cells with round granules", while the "A2-cells with crystalline granules" are the true glucagon cells. An earlier suggestion that there are two types of glucagon cells in teleost islets is therefore withdrawn. PMID- 6986986 TI - An intermittent somatostatin-immunoreactivity in the cortex and basal ganglia of the rat. AB - Using light microscopic immunohistochemistry, somatostatin-positive structures were observed in the cortex of the rat. These structures, including cells and fibers, are widely distributed in all cortical laminae and are also found in the basal ganglia. The positive results were obtained exclusively in two groups of animals sacrificed during two different months of two subsequent years. The reason for this variability in the immunocytochemical stainability of cortical structures remains enigmatic. PMID- 6986985 TI - Differentiation of embryonic hypothalamic transplants cultured on the choroidal pia in brains of adult rats. AB - Hypothalmic tissue from 16 to 18-day fetal rats was transplanted onto the choridal pia overlying the superior colliculus in adult female rats. After survival periods of 2 weeks to 19 months, brains containing transplants were processed for monoamine fluorescence histochemistry, immunohistochemistry for three neuropeptides (LHRH, somatostatin, neurophysin), or for autoradiography in ovariectomized hosts that received [3 H] estradiol. Most of the transplants survived and retained or increased in size; 14 of 25 transplants examined by fluorescence histochemistry were found to contain median eminence-like structures. In almost all of the transplants that were stained for neuropeptides, beaded processes and occasional cell bodies were observed. Although immunoreactive fibers were found near blood vessels, no palisade arrangement typical of the normal median eminence was evident. Each of the hypothalamic transplants on which steroid autoradiography was performed contained clusters of estrophilic neurons, the intensity of labeling of which was comparable to that seen in the host hypothalamus. These results indicate that many characteristic morphological and chemical features of the hypothalamus, which are not evident in the 16 to 18-day fetus, are elaborated in transplants during the survival period in the host. Transplantation of fetal hypothalamus to adult choridal pia thus appears to be a valuable approach for studying the factors, humoral or neural, that regulate the differentiation of this brain region. PMID- 6986987 TI - A dual population of islets of Langerhans in bovine pancreas. AB - A morphological study of the bovine pancreas from fetus to adult documents the presence of two distinct types of pancreatic islets: large islets, 100 to 1600 micron in diameter, enmeshed in interlobular connective tissue; small islets, 25 200 micron in diameter, enmeshed in exocrine tissue. Large islets consisting primarily of well granulated B cells, decrease in relative volume with increasing age and in the adult are seldom seen. The overall relative volume of endocrine tissue is age dependent and ranges from 30% in the sixth month fetus to 10% in the neonate and 5% in the adult. Small islets contain B cells that increase their cytoplasmic secretory granularity with increasing fetal age, significantly degranulate just prior to birth and subsequently regranulate several weeks after birth. Beta cells of the small islets are uniquely characterized by junctional complexes in close association with large numbers of maculae adherentes (desmosomes). Using lanthanum-hydroxide and freeze-fracture techniques the junctional complexes are shown to consist of macula occludens (focal tight junctions) enclosing nexuses (gap junctions). The two types of islet differ in distribution, times of growth and times of B-cell granularity and may be indicative of functional differences yet to be elucidated. PMID- 6986988 TI - Nuclear movement is beta--tubulin-dependent in Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 6986989 TI - Some yeast mitochondrial RNAs are circular. AB - 11S and 18S fractions of yeast mitochondrial RNAs, isolated by electrophoresis through agarose gels, have been found by electron microscopy to contain approximately 50% circular molecules. Circles in the 11S fraction have a contour length of 0.36 +/- 0.02 micron, which is approximately equal to the length of the majority of linear molecules also present. Circles in the 18S fraction have an average length of 0.78 +/- 0.11 micron. The size distribution is broader than for the 11S fraction, and we cannot exclude the possibility that more than one size class may be present. The 11S circular RNA forms circular R loops and RNA-DNA hybrids with DNA fragments of the oxi 3 region of mtDNA, which contains the structural gene for subunit 1 of cytochrome oxidase. As judged from the electron micrographs, the complete RNA participates in hybrid formation and the sequences coding for it appear to be continuous. Both 11S and 18S circles withstand treatment with DNAase and pronase. They are not eliminated by treatment with 1 M glyoxal in 50% formamide for 1 hr at 50 degrees C. We conclude that they are covalently closed. The function of the circular RNAs is unknown. They may be active as mRNAs, storage forms, or arise in a cut-and-splice process which generates mRNAs from longer transcripts. PMID- 6986990 TI - A pathway of cytochrome b mRNA processing in yeast mitochondria: specific splicing steps and an intron-derived circular DNA. PMID- 6986991 TI - Translational analysis of the killer-associated virus-like particle dsRNA genome of S. cerevisiae: M dsRNA encodes toxin. AB - The M species (medium sized) dsRNA (1.1-1.4 x 10(6) daltons) isolated from a toxin-producing yeast killer strain (K+R+) and three related, defective interfering (suppressive) S species dsRNAs of the yeast killer-associated cytoplasmic multicomponent viral-like particle system were analyzed by in vitro translation in a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system. Heat-denatured M species dsRNA programmed the synthesis of two major polypeptides, M-P1 (32,000 daltons) and M-P2 (30,000 daltons). M-P1 has been shown by the criteria of proteolytic peptide mapping and cross-antigenicity to contain ihe 12,000 dalton polypeptide corresponding to the in vivo produced killer toxin, thus establishing thiat it is the M species dsRNA which carries the toxin gene. An M species dsRNA obtained from a neutral strain (K-R+) also programmed the in vitro synthesis of a polypeptide identical in molecular weight to M-P1, thus indicating that the cytoplasmic determinant of the mutant neutral phenotype is either a simple point mutation in the dsRNA toxin gene or a mutation in a dsRNA gene which is required for functional toxin production. In vitro translation of each of the three different suppressive S dsRNAs resulted in the production of a polypeptide (S-P1) of approximately 8000 daltons instead of the 32,000 dalton M-P1 polypeptide programmed by M dsRNA. This result is consistent with the heteroduplex analysis of these dsRNAs by Fried and Fink (1978), which shows retention of M dsRNA ends, accompanied by large internal deletions in each of the S dsRNAs translated. PMID- 6986992 TI - The differential actions of cortisol on the accumulation of alpha-lactalbumin and casein in midpregnant mouse mammary gland in culture. PMID- 6986993 TI - Immune responses in mice infected with lactic dehydrogenase virus. III. Antibody response to a T-dependent and a T-independent antigen during acute and chronic LDV infection. PMID- 6986994 TI - A reverse hemolytic plaque assay for the detection and the enumeration of immunoglobulin allotype-secreting cells. PMID- 6986995 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis by lymphoid tissue of mice experiencing a graft-versus host reaction: relationship to immunosuppression. PMID- 6986996 TI - Effects of the MER tubercle bacillus fraction on the production of antibodies in vitro. I. Effect on the primary response. PMID- 6986997 TI - Cell-type restriction in tolerance induced by hapten-modified cells. PMID- 6986999 TI - [History of Moravian gynecology]. PMID- 6987000 TI - [Jiri Prochaska. Professor of anatomy and physiology 1778-1786. The history of physiology in Prague]. PMID- 6987001 TI - [Dr. Viktor Adda -- 70 years old]. PMID- 6986998 TI - Inhibition of antibody production by irradiated reticulum cell sarcoma cells in SJL mice. PMID- 6987002 TI - [50th birthday of Dr. Zdenek Mracek]. PMID- 6987003 TI - [50th birthday of Dr. Jan Orszagh]. PMID- 6987004 TI - [On the 65th birthday of Dr. Jan Sumbery]. PMID- 6987005 TI - Pulsatile flow and pressure in human systemic arteries. Studies in man and in a multibranched model of the human systemic arterial tree. PMID- 6987006 TI - Distribution of lysosomal cathepsin D in normal, ischemic, and starved rabbit cardiac myocytes. PMID- 6987008 TI - Coronary artery spasm. PMID- 6987007 TI - Suppression of myocardial protein degradation in the rat during fasting. Effects of insulin, glucose, and leucine. AB - To study the effects of leucine, glucose, and insulin on myocardial protein degradation in fed and fasted nutritional states, we developed and validated a sensitive method for measuring rates of total protein degradation in rat isolated left atrial preparations. Fasting resulted in a progressive decrease in myocardial protein breakdown to 71% of control over a 24-hour period, with no further reduction in degradation rate between 24 and 72 hours of fasting. Insulin (100 mU/ml) suppressed atrial protein degradation by 38% in fed animals (P less than 0.001) and by 51% in fasted animals (P less than 0.001). Glucose alone had no effect on protein degradation in either nutritional state. At 5 times normal plasma levels, leucine suppressed protein breakdown by 21% in fed and by 15% in fasted animals. The decrease in degradation induced by fasting and the absence of an effect of glucose are in contrast to the behavior reported for skeletal muscle. PMID- 6987009 TI - Mitochondrial CK (EC 2.7.3.2) in the human heart. AB - CKm, a mitochondrial form of CK, can be isolated from human cardiac muscle. It occurs in two forms, separable on the basis of the difference in net charge. Both molecules have a dimeric structure and consist of two identical subunits. Upon incubation in a human serum, the CK isozyme with the faster cathodal mobility is rapidly converted into the slower form, which has an isoelectric point of 6.94. This makes it impossible to separate this slow CKM form from CK MM (isoelectric point: 6.86) by means of any method that separates on a basis of differences in net charge. Furthermore the two molecules have an almost identical molecular weight. The only difference between the two molecules we have been able to detect is the different behaviour against anti-M antibodies. PMID- 6987010 TI - A microassay for active and total renin concentration in human plasma based on antibody trapping. AB - We have developed and validated a new enzyme-kinetic method for measurement of renin concentration (PRC) in human plasma, based on radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I generated during incubation of plasma and excess sheep or ox renin substrate. Angiotensin I breakdown during incubation is prevented by the presence of anti-angiotensin I serum. The assya does not require prior extraction of renin, is technically simple, and is sufficiently sensitive to measure subnormal renin levels. With minor modifications both "active and "total" renin may be measured. Assay results have been calibrated with the International Standard Renin. PRC measured by this technique correlates significantly with angiotensin I and II, plasma renin activity, and with the PRC method previously used by us. PMID- 6987011 TI - The application of a new synthetic substrate to the determination of enteropeptidase in rat small intestine and human intestinal biopsies. AB - The application of a new synthetic substrate to the direct determination of enteropeptidase is described. The substrate Gly-(L-Asp)4-L-Lys-2-naphthylamide contains the amino acid sequence of the activation peptides of trypsinogen linked via an amide bond to the fluorophore 2-naphthylamine. The sequence of amino acids is responsible for the specificity and substrate recognition of the enteropeptidase-catalyzed activation of trypsinogen. Interference in the assay by trypsin is prevented by the addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor to the substrate solution. The fluorimetric determination of the liberated 2 naphthylamine allows the direct observation of the reaction kinetics. For the hyrolysis of the synthetic substrate by purified enteropeptidase the pH optimum was 8.2 and the Km 0.17 mmol/l. The new substrate was used to determine the distribution of enteropeptidase along the rat small intestine and also to measure enteropeptidase activity in human intestinal biopsies. PMID- 6987012 TI - Adaptation of the EMIT theophylline assay to kinetic analyzers: the relationship of reaction kinetics to calculation procedures. AB - We investigated the kinetic characteristics of an enzyme immunoassay system (EMIT) for the determination of theophylline. Less than 10% of the glucose-6 phosphate and NAD+ are consumed and the glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase-theophylline complex is essentially saturated with these substrates during the course of the reaction. However, apparently as the result of antibody heterogeneity, the rate does change during the course of the reaction. As a result, the values of the kinetic parameters for the theophylline saturation curve vary with the timing interval chosen for measurement. We show that the values of these parameters govern the application of the available methods of calculating EMIT data, the graphical procedure suggested by the manufacturer, logit-log, log-log, and curve fitting. These studies (1) explain the basis of the graphical procedure and why it does not always provide proper calibration, (2) show that to appropriately understand the application of any of the calculation procedures one should determine the values of the kinetic constants of the theophylline saturation curve in the particular assay conditions, and (3) illustrate simple, practical procedures for determining the values of these constants for any instrument-EMIT assay system. Specific illustrations are shown for the EMIT theophylline system with two kinetic analyzers, the Abbott ABA-100 and Gilford 3500, with which markedly different reaction conditions are used. PMID- 6987013 TI - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in uremia--increase in enzyme activity after renal transplantation. AB - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in uremia. Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was found to be low in 26 uremic patients when compared with 56 normal individuals (p less than 0.001). Hemodialysis caused only a slight increase in plasma DBH levels in the uremic group. In contrast, a group of kidney transplanted patients with a return of good renal function had DBH values similar to the normal group (p greater than 0.1). The mean plasma DBH activity in eight patients measured pre- and post-transplantation increased from 4.5 to 28 International Units/l (p less than 0.01). No evidence was found to indicate that the depressed levels of plasma DBH in uremia were secondary to genetic or enzyme inhibiting factors. It is suggested that low levels of DBH activity in patients with renal failure may be a consequence of altered sympathetic nervous activity which is known to occur in the uremic state. PMID- 6987014 TI - Insulin radioimmunoassay: inappropriately high results obtained using a preprecipitated antibody technique. AB - A brief comparison of the results of three insulin radioimmunoassay methods indicated that insulin levels measured in heparinised plasma by a pre precipitated antibody technique were inappropriately high. The error was greatest when low but clinically important levels of the hormone were studied. This effect was due to non-insulin components of the plasma and could be eliminated by the addition of insulin-free plasma to the standard tubes. PMID- 6987015 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to platelets in SLE patients with thrombocytopenia: two different types of lymphocyte stimulation. PMID- 6987016 TI - Regulation of the immune response by prostaglandins. PMID- 6987017 TI - Autoimmune cell-mediated tubulointerstitial nephritis induced in Lewis rats by renal antigens. PMID- 6987018 TI - Modulation of human neutrophil and eosinophil polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis: an analytical review. PMID- 6987019 TI - Pr and Gd antigens on human B and T lymphocytes and phagocytes. PMID- 6987020 TI - A rachitic infant painted by Burgkmair 136 years before Dr. Whistler described rickets. AB - Rickets as a definite disease manifesting itself by a more or less constant association of symptoms was first described in 1645 by Daniel Whistler, as English physician. However, the disease must have existed years before Dr. Whistler's report, as is evident in the painting by Hans Burgkmair completed in 1509. PMID- 6987021 TI - Female epispadias: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Female epispadias is a congenital anomaly representing a mild form of the spectrum of exstrophy of the bladder. Unrecognized an untreated, the handicap associated with the physical malformation can create overwhelming clinical and psychological problems for the affected female. Radiographic findings of spinal dysrhaphism with diastasis of the public bones are often associated with, and can afford the first clue to, the physical findings of absent clitoris, ununited labia and patulous and foreshortned urethra. PMID- 6987022 TI - Spironolactone and amiloride in hypertensive patients with and without aldosterone excess. PMID- 6987023 TI - Duration of antihypertensive effect of a single daily dose of hydrochlorothiazide. AB - To assess the duration of antihypertensive effect of a single daily dose of the short-acting diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, a double-blind crossover study was performed in 11 patients previously well controlled with diuretics. Each patient received hydrochlorothiazide 100 mg in the morning for 12 wk and blood pressure were recorded 4 times daily (8 A.M., 12 noon, 4 A.M., and 8 P.M) on 3 separate visits. The crossover design also included a 12-wk placebo period either preceding or following active therapy. Blood pressure control was excellent and sustained throughout the day in all patients studied, indicating that a single daily dose of hydrochlorothiazide is a suitable regimen for hypertension therapy. The use of a placebo period before initiating the trial and during the active part of the trial confirmed the observation that patients who have been adequately treated for long periods will maintain lowered blood pressure for a variable period after stopping therapy. PMID- 6987024 TI - Hemodynamic changes during long-term thiazide treatment of essential hypertension in responders and nonresponders. AB - Blood pressure, cardiac output, plasma volume, renin, and aldosterone were measured in 13 patients with essential hypertension on placebo and after 1, 4, and 12 wk on hydrochlorothiazide 100 mg daily. In 9 patients the same variables were also measured after 24 and 36 wk. Hydrochlorothiazide lowered mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.01). Cardiac output was reduced after 4 and 12 wk of treatment, followed by a return to placebo levels. Stroke volume changed in the same way but heart rate and total peripheral resistance did not differ from placebo values. Plasma volume was reduced after 1 and 24 wk. Renin was permanently elevated (p less than 0.01), but aldosterone rose only during the first 12 wk of treatment. A comparison between responders (greater than 10% fall in mean arterial pressure) and nonresponders (less than 10% fall) revealed different hemodynamic patterns. In responders the initial fall in cardiac output was followed by a return to pretreatment levels, whereas in nonresponders it was permanently reduced. Consequently, total peripheral resistance was lowered only in responders. Nonresponders tended to show a greater degree of plasma volume depletion and greater stimulation of renin and aldosterone, which probably contributed to elevated peripheral resistance. It is concluded that changes in cardiac output are unlikely to be of decisive importance in the ultimate reduction of peripheral resistance in responders to thiazide therapy. PMID- 6987025 TI - Effect of prolonged glyclazide treatment on blood glucose and plasma insulin responses in obese patients with maturity-onset diabetes. AB - The effects of prolonged treatment with glyclazide [methyl-4-fenyl sulfonyl 1(perhydrocyclopenta(c) pyrrolyl-2)-3 urea] on blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to meals was studied in 8 obese patients with maturity-onset diabetes. Blood sampling was done 1 hr after meals for 2 consecutive days, on days 10 and 90 of therapy. Lower blood glucose curves were achieved on both days 10 and 90 in all patients. Plasma insulin curves in response to meals were higher than control on both days 10 and 90. The results may suggest that the long-term effect of glyclazide on blood glucose is related to a persistent stimulation of insulin secretion rather than to a predominant extrapancreatic action. PMID- 6987026 TI - Analgesic effect of fluproquazone in postoperative patients. AB - In 4 double-blind, randomized, stratified, parallel group studies, single oral doses of fluproquazone (75 to 200 mg), a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic, were compared with aspirin (1,000 mg) and placebo in a total of 672 hospitalized patients with moderate or severe pain following episiotomy or other surgical interventions. A dose-dependent effect of fluproquazone which was highly significantly superior to placebo and which resembled the effect of aspirin with respect to onset, degree, and duration was noted in all studies. Fluproquazone, 100 to 150 mg, was found to be approximately equiactive to 1,000 mg of aspirin and better tolerated. PMID- 6987028 TI - Plasma levels and effects of metoprolol after single and multiple oral doses. AB - Five patients with moderate hypertension were given placebo and at least 3 single oral doses (25, 50, 75, 100, or 150 mg) of metoprolol as well as multiple doses at at least 2 dose levels (25, 50, or 100 mg thrice daily). Blood pressure, pulse rate at rest, plasma renin activity, and drug plasma concentration were intensively monitored during 7.5 hr after each dose. Pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, and plasma renin activity decreased after the single oral doses, but diastolic blood pressure did not decrease consistently. The correlation coefficients between percentage decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse rate and total plasma concentrations were higher individually than in the group. The corresponding regression equations were different between individuals and for systolic blood pressure there was a 700% difference in regression coefficients. The acute changes in diastolic blood pressure and plasma renin activity were not related to metoprolol plasma concentrations. The decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse rate on multiple doses could not be predicted from the response after single doses. PMID- 6987027 TI - Informed consent: how much does the patient understand? AB - Comprehension and recall of the information contained in the informed consent statement was tested in clinically hypertensive patients entering a controlled trial comparing hydrochlorothiazide and propranolol. The consent statement was the primary vehicle for conveying the information to the patient. The average of correct answers to a multiple-choice quiz was 71.6% at 2 hr and 61.2% at 3 mo after the consent procedure. The effectiveness of recall did not correlate with level of education. Patients exhibited greater comprehension of the action of the drugs than of their side effects. Nearly all patients indicated their belief that they would receive the best possible care. While 95% wanted to be informed about the trial, 75% stated they would have given their consent even without this information. PMID- 6987029 TI - Divergent blood pressure responses during short-term sodium restriction in hypertension. AB - In untreated patients with essential hypertension, daily sodium intake was reduced from 197 to 70 mEq/day in 82 outpatients and from 124 to 14 mEq/day in 25 patients in a metabolic ward. During the 10 days of sodium restriction 17% of the outpatients and 40% of the inpatients had mean blood pressure decreases of at least 10 mm Hg, but in 17% of the outpatients and 28% of the inpatients mean pressure rose at least 5 mm Hg. Most blood pressure decreases occurred in the group with high-renin hypertension. Our short-term experience suggests that dietary salt deprivation may not be effective treatment for all patients with hypertension and may even be counterproductive in some. PMID- 6987031 TI - Pulmonary gas exchange. PMID- 6987030 TI - Comparison of methods of evaluating nephrotoxicity of cis-platinum. AB - The urinary excretion of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase (NAG), and beta 2-microglobulin was measured in 12 cancer patients receiving cis-platinum to evaluate the sensitivity of these indices for renal tubular damage. NAG and LAP excretion rose markedly in all patients, and beta 2-microglobulin rose in 11. Seven of the 9 patients who had received cis platinum 6 wk before the study had prestudy dose elevations of one or more of these indices. We conclude that these urinary proteins are sensitive indicators of proximal renal tubular injury and may provide greater sensitivity for comparison of the nephrotoxic potential of future platinum analogs or for assessing the efficacy of regimens designed to protect the kidney from platinum nephrotoxicity than other measurements. The persistence of high excretion vales for these indices 6 wk after a dose demonstrates the persistent renal injury by cis-platinum. PMID- 6987032 TI - Correlation of plasma phenformin concentration with metabolic effects in normal subjects. AB - 1. Circulating concentrations of intermediary metabolites have been measured after administration of 50 mg of phenformin to normal subjects. 2. Phenformin caused a significant increase in blood lactate, alanine and the lactate/pyruvate ratio but did not affect blood glucose or serum insulin concentrations. 3. There was a significant correlation between the increase in blood lactate concentration after phenformin and the plasma concentration of the drug. PMID- 6987033 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal infections of the throat. PMID- 6987034 TI - Poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis: a reassuring 1970s experience. PMID- 6987036 TI - Plasma levels and pharmacokinetics of ethynyl estrogens in various populations. I. Ethynylestradiol. PMID- 6987035 TI - Central monoamine metabolism in depressions. II. Catecholamines and related compounds. PMID- 6987037 TI - Plasma levels and pharmacokinetics of ethynyl estrogens in various populations: II. Mestranol. PMID- 6987038 TI - Isaptent--a new cervical dilator. AB - A new cervical dilator, Isaptent, was prepared from granulated Plantago ovata (Isapgol) seed husk. It was evaluated in a multicentric clinical trial for dilatation of the cervix in subjects opting for medical termination of pregnancy. The trial covered 804 women in over 21 centres in different parts of the country. The cases were between 15 to 45 years of age, 0 to 10 parity with a gestation period of 8 to 24 weeks. A single tent was used in 750 subjects and satisfactory dilatation was achieved in 94% of the cases. The cervical dilatation bore no relationship to age, parity and gestation period of the subjects. The tent provided self-lubrication, caused no apparent damage to the cervix and the vaginal flora remained unchanged in the randomly selected subjects in whom bacteriologic studies were performed. The outcome of the clinical trial and advantages of Isaptent over the other procedures used for cervical dilatation are discussed. PMID- 6987039 TI - Calcium chloride administration in normocalcemic critically ill patients. AB - Ten normocalcemic critically ill patients who had experienced a decrease in cardiac index greater than or equal to 0.5 liter/min/m2 after incremental changes of PEEP received 7 mg/kg of CaCl2 as a slow iv bolus, followed by an infusion of 20 mg/kg CaCl2 over 60 min. Hemodynamic pressures and flow, oxygen uptake and transport, and blood chemistry variables were determined over a 120-min period. The results indicated that: (1) hemodynamic variables were not affected except for left ventricular stroke work index and mean blood pressure, which increased slightly; (2) both serum calcium and ionized calcium concentrations increased significantly, sometimes to dangerous levels; (3) colloid osmotic pressure and hemoglobin levels decreased slightly but consistently. In conclusion, CaCl2 administration failed to improve hemodynamic function depressed by PEEP. If CaCl2 can play a relevant role in the management of cardiovascular depression, further identification of appropriate doses and patients is necessary. PMID- 6987040 TI - Surgery for carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 6987041 TI - Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid in association with internal malignancy. AB - A patient with benign mucous membrane pemphigoid was found to have metastatic carcinoma of the lung. With so few similar case reports in the literature, the possible association of this blistering disorder with internal malignancy cannot be disclaimed totally, as appears to be the case for bullous pemphigoid which has been studied much more extensively. PMID- 6987042 TI - A simplified regimen for treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. AB - Clinical responses were nearly identical in a controlled double-blind study in which 131 patients with skin or soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus received a cephalosporin antibiotic (cephradine) given twice (70 patients) or four times daily (61 patients). Satisfactory responses were obtained in approximately 95 percent of patients treated with either regimen. Eradication of S. aureus occurred within four days in 64 percent of patients in each group. These results provide critical support for the theory that antibiotics administered twice daily are as effective as the same total doses administered three or four times a day. The simplified twice daily schedule should be advantageous in obtaining patient compliance. PMID- 6987044 TI - Bullous dermatosis of hemodialysis: case report and review of the dermatologic changes in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6987043 TI - Discoid lupus erythematosus. Diagnostic features and evaluation of topical corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 6987045 TI - Psychosocial concomitants to rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Part 2. Psychosocial treatment. PMID- 6987048 TI - New attempts and possibilities in prevention and treatment of intestinal coli infections in infants. PMID- 6987047 TI - Isolation and structural organization of human mitotic chromosomes. AB - New methods are presented for the bulk isolation of metaphase chromosomes from HeLa cells, and an electron microscopic study of thin sections of these chromosomes is presented. The techniques for chromosome isolation were developed to utilize solution conditions that are as mild as possible, so that further biochemical and structural studies can be directly related to the in situ state of chromosomes. - Electron micrographs of thin sections of isolated HeLa metaphase chromosomes reveal the general organization of the nucleosome containing fibers. Chromosomes in isolation buffer show a dense, relatively uniform distribution of material across the chromatids. Swollen chromosomes reveal the primary mode of organization of the fibers to be a radial distribution from the central axes of the chromatids. A significant proportion of the fibers could also be oriented longitudinally. PMID- 6987049 TI - Intussusception in adults. AB - 11 cases of intussusception in adults, including 9 treated by operation, are discussed. The cause of the intussusception was a malignant lesion in 7 and a benign lesion in 2 cases. In 2 patients, reposition was achieved with the aid of a barium enema. Aetiology and clinical and radiological features are discussed. In view of the high incidence of pre-existent lesions and the risk of perforation at reposition with the aid of a barium enema, surgical therapy is indicated. The pre-existent lesions found at operation and pathological anatomical examination were: malignant lymphoma (4 cases), caecal adenocarcinoma (2 cases), leiomyofibroma of the ileum (1 case), caecal endometriosis (1 case), carcinoid appendix (1 case) and Meckel's diverticulum (2 cases). PMID- 6987046 TI - Two phases of DNA replication in human cells. AB - The course of DNA synthesis in the chromosomes was studied in synchronized human lymphocyte cultures, by means of the BrdU-Hoechst-Giemsa method. In comparing replication patterns and G-banding it was found that with regard to banding the process of DNA replication can be divided into two separate phases, an "early replication period" which is characterized by DNA synthesis in R bands of the autosomes and active X chromosome, and a "late replication period" which concerns the G-positive regions of the autosomes and all the bands of the heterochromatic X and Y chromosomes. No overlapping was found between the two phases mentioned. The possible role of regulatory mechanisms was discussed. PMID- 6987050 TI - Loss of estrogen-induced daily surges of prolactin and gonadotropins by suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions in ovariectomized rats. PMID- 6987051 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone does not inhibit testosterone production in rat interstitial cells in vitro. AB - The effects of LHRH and a potent LHRH agonist (LHRHa) on invitro testosterone production by enzyme-dispersed rat interstitial cells were evaluated. In a series of in vitro experiments, neither basal nor human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) stimulated testosterone production were significantly affected by doses of LHRH or LHRHa ranging from 10(-12)--10(-5) M. In addition, adult male rats were treated chronically with once daily injections of LHRH or LHRHa (2 micrograms/rat) or the vehicle for 1--7 days and decapitated 24 h after the last injection, and their testes were removed and weighed. Testicular weights decreased significantly by day 3 and were maximally decreased by day 6. In vitro testosterone production in response to 1--5 mIU human menopausal gonadotropin was markedly impaired (greater than 50%) in cells from rats treated with LHRHa for 2 days or longer and in rats treated with LHRH longer than 3 days. These data indicate that 1) LHRH and LHRHa do not alter in vitro testosterone production by dispersed rat interstitial cells and 2) interstitial cells of rats pretreated with LHRH and LHRHa exhibited impaired in vitro testosterone production. The data do not, however, rule out a direct effect of LHRH or LHRHa on testicular systems other than those involved in steroidogenesis. PMID- 6987053 TI - Radioligand assay for gonadotropin-releasing hormone: relative potencies of agonists and antagonists. AB - A radioligand assay employing tritiated gonadotropin-releasing hormone, [3H Pro9]GnRH or [3H-pGlu1]GnRH is used to investigate the binding of GnRH, its agonists, and its antagonists to male rat anterior pituitary homogenates. The tritiated GnRH purified by high pressure liquid chromatography and stored in 10 mM HOAc is stable for binding for at least 14 weeks. It is found that there is at least one high affinity site with an observed Kd of congruent to 2 nM and another low affinity site whose Kd is congruent to 1 microM. Only approximately 25% of the total specific binding is to the low affinity site. At room temperature, the binding is reduced to 50% of that at 0 C, and at 37 C, there is no measurable binding. Bacitracin has no effect on the binding at any temperature. Maximum binding occurs between pH 7.5--8.5. Quantitative relative binding potencies of several agonists and antagonists are given. These potencies closely parallel their biological potencies, but all antagonists have higher absolute binding affinities when compared to their potencies to inhibit GnRH-mediated LH secretion in vitro. PMID- 6987052 TI - Changes in hypothalamic catecholamine neurotransmitters and pituitary gonadotropins in the immature female rat: relationships to the gonadostat theory of puberty onset. PMID- 6987054 TI - The energy-dependent degradation of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate in Escherichia coli. Lack of correlation with ATP levels in vivo and role of the transmembrane proton gradient. AB - Different inhibitors of the energy metabolism have been assayed in Escherichia coli K12 for their ability to increase the level of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3' diphosphate (ppGpp) as a consequence of a restriction of its degradation. Inhibitors of the respiration and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylations had effects similar to carbon-source-induced downshifts while the ATPase inhibitor dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was less efficient. The effects of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and of the uncoupler carbonylcyanide p-fluoro methoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) on ppGpp degradation were compared in a drug permeable envelope mutant. At concentrations of inhibitors sufficient to deplete the pool of ATP by 50%, only FCCP was able to block ppGpp degradation. Moreover, FCCP also inhibited ppGpp degradation in a ATPase-deficient strain growing on glucose as carbon source while, as expected, it did not change the level of ATP. It is concluded, according to Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, that, in vivo, the integrity of the transmembrane proton gradient rather than the ATP pool size is a prerequisite for the normal processing of the energy-dependent degradation of ppGpp. PMID- 6987055 TI - Fluorimetric study of the complex between yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA-Phe. 1. Changes in the conformation of the enzyme and tRNA; modification of the Wybutine neighbourhood. PMID- 6987056 TI - Fluorimetric study of the complex between yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA-Phe. 2. Evidence for an asymmetric behaviour of the enzyme. AB - The variations of several spectroscopic properties of yeast tRNA-Phe and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase upon complex formation, were used to study the stoichiometry of the complex in different experimental conditions. In all cases, for the tRNA-Phe-enzyme complex, in the absence of other ligands, the saturations of the different conformational changes monitored for both macromolecules, are achieved at a 2:1 tRNA/enzyme stoichiometry. Phenylalanine does not modify this saturation. In contrast, the presence of 1 mM ATP induces an asymmetric behaviour of the synthetase: two tRNAs are still bound per enzyme molecule but the conformational change of the latter is completed upon binding of a single tRNA molecule. PMID- 6987057 TI - Interaction between major outer membrane protein (O-8) and lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 6987058 TI - Trans-membrane translocation of proteins. A detailed physico-chemical analysis. AB - A detailed, computerized procedure for analysing the translocation process of any protein with known sequence from a physico-chemical point of view is presented and used to gain a better understanding of the molecular 'rules' that govern the final outcome of the process. With the aid of this prodedure a number of testable predictions of the orientations of particular membrane-bound proteins can be made. It is also suggested that ovalbumin, the only known secreted protein lacking a cleavable prepiece, initiates translocation in a way that differs from other secreted proteins. PMID- 6987061 TI - Unified mechanism for proton-transfer reactions affecting the catalytic activity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The effect of pH on substrate binding to liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been examined over the pH range 6--10 by transient-state and steady-state kinetic methods. The results provide evidence that there is no significant effect of pH on benzaldehyde binding to the enzyme. Benzyl alcohol association to the binary enzyme . NAD+ complex requires protonation of an ionizing group with a pKa of 7.6 in the binary complex. Substrate dissociation from the enzyme . NAD+ . alcohol complex is regulated by an ionizing group with a pKa of 6.6 (6.4) in the complex formed with naphthyl alcohol (benzyl alcohol). Alcohol desorption from the ternary complex occurs exclusively when the ionizing groups is in the protonated form. A reaction mechanism is proposed which accounts for all major effects of pH on liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalysis over the investigated pH range. The reactivity of the enzyme . NAD+ (enzyme . NAD+ . alcohol) complex is suggested to be regulated by the ionization state of a water (alcohol) molecule bound at the catalytic zinc atom of the enzyme. Zinc-bound water does not function as a binding site for substrates or as a mediator of catalytic proton transfer from substrate to solution at the binary-complex level. Catalytic proton transfer takes place at the ternary-complex level, probably through an alcohol/alcoholate ion interconversion of the enzyme-bound substrate. This proton transfer step can be envisaged to serve the purpose of facilitating hydride transfer during alcohol oxidation and alcohol desorption during aldehyde reduction. The kinetics of proton uptake/release during naphthaldehyde reduction at pH 6 are shown to be consistent with the proposed mechanism of enzyme action. PMID- 6987060 TI - Effect of pH on the binding of decanoate and trifluoroethanol to liver alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 6987062 TI - Medical management of prostatic cancer: some current questions. AB - The choice of treatment for the patient with prostatic cancer is discussed with particular reference to the evaluation of alternative regimes by the use of randomized clinical trials, and to the possible role of cytotoxic therapy. PMID- 6987059 TI - Complete amino-acid sequences of DNA-binding proteins HU-1 and HU-2 from Escherichia coli. AB - The DNA-binding protein HU from Escherichia coli is a heterodimer constituted of two polypeptide chains termed HU-1 and HU-2, of 90 residues each. Their primary structures were established from structural data obtained from tryptic peptides of each monomer in addition to the structural data provided by the automated Edman degradation of the dimer and by peptides derived from cleavage of the dimer with trypsin, chymotrypsin, V8 staphylococcal protease and dilute acid. The results presented in this paper confirm the amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal sequences of the dimer HU reported previously [Laine et al. (1978) FEBS Lett. 89, 116--120]. The amino acid sequences of proteins HU-1 and HU-2 are identical to those of proteins NS-1 and NS-2 respectively, determined independently by Mende et al. [FEBS Lett. (1978) 96, 395--398]. The amino acid sequences of proteins HU 1 and HU-2 are closely related but differ by 28 residues. These proteins are characterized by their high content of hydrophobic residues represented mostly by alanine. In both proteins, half of the basic residues are scattered along the polypeptide chain and the remainder is found within two short sequences located in the carboxy-terminal part of the molecule. No sequence homology could be established between the proteins HU-1 and HU-2 and any one of the five histones from different eukaryotes. PMID- 6987063 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of renal angiomyolipoma (based on 15 cases). Arguments in favor of conservative surgery (based on 8 cases). AB - Angiomyolipoma should be suspected when a renal tumor is present especially when the patient is young, the tumor is bilateral, associated with hemorrhagic incidents or if there are multiple tumors in one kidney. When tuberous sclerosis is present the diagnosis is easier and when it is not, arteriography and tomodensitometry are of great help. The benign nature of these tumors is not an argument in favor of nonsurgical treatment. They may sometimes be associated with an authentic malignancy which underlines the necessity of confirming the diagnosis by peroperative examination of a frozen section. When angiomyolipoma is confirmed the surgical treatment of this benign tumor should, in our opinion, be conservative considering the frequency of bilateral disease. This approach is supported by the results published and by our own 8 cases treated by conservative surgery. PMID- 6987064 TI - Lymphatic complications in renal transplantation. AB - Lymphocele and lymphatic fistulae are relatively benign complications in renal transplantation. The incidence in our series of 248 renal transplants was 8%. The origin and pathogenesis of lymph collection and augmented lymph flow are discussed. The main importance of this complication lies in its differential diagnosis with urinary fistula and acute rejection episode or deep phlebothrombosis with all its therapeutic implications. Important lymph accumulations should be drained. We prefer as initial treatment a percutaneous closed aspiration which most successfully solves the problem. In case this method should fail, one can choose between external or internal drainage. As in literature, we actually prefer an internal marsupialisation, but completed by an omentoplasty if the leakage originates from the kidney. PMID- 6987065 TI - Comparison of invasion in two-dimensional versus three-dimensional systems. PMID- 6987066 TI - Lethal and kinetic effects of DDMP (2,4-diamino-5-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-6 methylpyrimidine). PMID- 6987068 TI - Influence of noradrenaline on local tumour blood flow. PMID- 6987067 TI - Paradox of carcinogens as cell destroyers and cell stimulators. A biochemical hypothesis. PMID- 6987069 TI - Mechanisms of protein turnover in cultured fibroblasts. Differential inhibition of two lysosomal mechanisms with insulin and NH4Cl. PMID- 6987070 TI - A spiral array of microtubules in the fertilized sea urchin egg cortex examined by indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. PMID- 6987071 TI - Detection of human ADCC activity using automated flow cytometry. AB - Using automated flow cytometry techniques we have developed a rapid assay to measure human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). By staining cell cultures for DNA content, chick red blood cell targets can be readily distinguished from human effector cells and ADCC can be measured by changes in their relative proportions. The sensitivity and rapidly of the assay is shown by the finding that at an effector to target ratio of only 2:1, 42% killing can be detected after 1 h incubation. PMID- 6987073 TI - Pre-literate people in New Guinea and Indonesia draw specifically distorted faces, as do 'Western' dyslexics, using a paleo visual-representational mode. AB - Third World populations with a persisting high percentage of preliterates within individual groups draw specifically distorted patterns of the human face characteristic of 'neolithic art' to a degree negatively correlated with the accessibility of reading instruction. A subgroup of 'Western' dyslexic youths also draw these distorted face patterns, which, moreover, facilitate infants 'smiling response'. These findings suggest the persistence of a developmentally early visual representational mode which proceeds in a global way, disregarding differences in characterizing details, whether of face patterns or of lexical symbols. PMID- 6987072 TI - Uptake of 3H-GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and 3H-leucine in the pancreatic islets and substantia nigra of the rat. AB - Isolated pancreatic islets and thin slices of substantia nigra (SN) of the rat were incubated in a medium containing 3H-GABA or 3H-leucine to test the activity of both tissues in the uptake of those substances. Pancreatic islets showed a low uptake of both 3H-GABA and 3H-leucine, but SN had a high activity in the uptake of 3H-GABA, though not for 3H-leucine. This suggests that GABA contained at high levels in the pancreatic islets some functional role other than in neurotransmission as in the central nervous system (CNS). PMID- 6987074 TI - Kinetic aspects of soluble dehydrogenases requiring nicotinamide coenzymes. AB - Methods for establishing the kinetic mechanisms of dehydrogenase reactions are dealt with in general terms. Examples ranging from relatively simple to obviously complex enzymes, and showing various mechanistic features of interest and importance are discussed. PMID- 6987076 TI - Pyridine nucleotide - disulfide oxidoreductases. PMID- 6987078 TI - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase. PMID- 6987077 TI - Dehydrogenase activities of fatty acid synthesizing enzyme systems. PMID- 6987075 TI - Primary structures of dehydrogenases. Evolutionary characteristics related to functional aspects; models for isozyme developments and ancestral connections. AB - This chapter describes known characteristics of evolutionary changes in individual dehydrogenases, as well as possible relationships among this group of enzymes. Data from primary structures are correlated with those from other observations. Variations in the amino acid sequences demonstrate functional properties, and can be interpreted in relation to conformational aspects, subunit arrangements and enzyme stabilities. Different types of isozyme developments have occurred and show functional fixations at various levels. They define isozyme patterns of general significance in protein evolution. Sequence similarities may be found between different segments. They are analyzed in relation to known conformations, subunit sizes, species divergence and genetic mechanisms. A wide ranging evolutionary model is discussed relating dehydrogenases and some other oligomeric enzymes to a distant, frequently remodelled ancestral building unit of repetitive occurrence. PMID- 6987079 TI - The specificity of dehydrogenases. AB - The specificity of dehydrogenases for coenzyme (and coenzyme analogues), and substrate (and substrate analogues) is discussed in relation to structure, function, and evolution. Examples concern compounds that have very different structures, reactions that play widely differing roles in the life of the organism, and organisms of greatly differing types. The examples illustrate general points of interest and importance. PMID- 6987080 TI - De novo synthesis of glucokinase in hepatocytes isolated from neonatal rats. PMID- 6987082 TI - Study on the immunological crossreactivity of neurofilament polypeptides in axonal preparations of bovine brain. PMID- 6987083 TI - Recessive suppression in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by a ribosomal mutation. PMID- 6987081 TI - Regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis: effects of noradrenaline and insulin on phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and on lipolysis in intact rat adipocytes. PMID- 6987084 TI - Interaction of actinomycin D with yeast ribosomal RNA. PMID- 6987085 TI - Differences in alpha-amino acetylation of isozymes of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 6987086 TI - The nervous system specific protein D2 is involved in adhesion among neurites from cultured rat ganglia. PMID- 6987087 TI - Proton magnetic resonance studies of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S16. PMID- 6987088 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a collagen cDNA-fragment coding for the carboxyl end of pro alpha 1(I)-chains. PMID- 6987089 TI - Mitochondrial calcium transport. PMID- 6987092 TI - [35 years of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. PMID- 6987091 TI - The role of glutathione in amino acid absorption by yeast. PMID- 6987093 TI - [Ibn-Sina (Avicenna): on the millennium of his birth]. PMID- 6987090 TI - Identification of P700-chlorophyll a-protein complex as a product of chloroplast protein synthesis. PMID- 6987094 TI - [25th anniversary of the Moscow City Council of Feldshers and Health Laboratory Workers]. PMID- 6987096 TI - [Corticoid secretion in primary aldosteronism. II. The renin releasing test and the angiotensin II analog infusion test (author's transl)]. AB - To study the secretion of adrenocortical steroids, the renin releasing test and the angiotensin II analog (1-Sar, 8-Ala-Angiotensin II) infusion test was performed on four subjects with primary aldosteronism. The plasma renin activities of these subjects in the preoperative state were rather low, without any response to the renin releasing test. Plasma aldosterone was, however, significantly high and showed a tendency to declineits value when the subject was in an upright position. In the preoperative state, all the subjects lacked any alterations in plasma renin activity throughout the angiotensin II analog infusion test. Though slight elevations were observed in the blood pressure of three subjects, there was no demonstrable change in plasma aldosterone. In the other subject, though blood pressure did not change, plasma aldosterone exhibited a remarkable rise as did progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone. From these data, it was suggested that in the latter subject the aldosterone secretion was sensitive to angiotensin in comparison with ACTH. Three weeks after the operation, it was observed that plasma aldosterone response decreased, while the response of plasma renin activity to the renin releasing test was normal. This is considered to be due to the diminished sensitivity of the glomerulosa of the nonadenomatous adrenal gland to angiotensin. The levels of 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone were almost within the normal range in the pre- and postoperative state. The levels of plasma progesterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone, however, tended to be lower in the postoperative state compared with the preoperative state. PMID- 6987095 TI - [Hyperinsulinism induced with glucocorticoid--a study on using a perifusion system of isolated islets in rats (author's transl)]. AB - In order to elucidate the mechanism of hyperinsulinism following a treatment with glucocorticoid, insulin secretion induced with glucose or tolbutamide was investigated by a perifusion experiment on isolated islets of rats. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The fasting blood glucose level was significantly higher on the 2nd day (174.0 +/- 11.8 mg/dl) and 3rd day (179.6 +/- 9.5 mg/dl) in the glucocorticoid treated rats, than it was in the control rats (129.0 +/- 12.0 mg/dl). The serum insulin levels began to increase from the first day following the glucocorticoid treatment (17.2 +/- 1.3 microU/ml in the control rats, 27.6 +/ 2.1 microU/ml on the 1st day, 32.4 +/- 3.9 microU/ml on the 2nd day, and 34.5 +/ 1.4 microU/ml on the 3rd day). 2. The insulin content of the islets decreased with the glucocorticoid treatment (765.6 +/- 34.5 microU/islet in the control rat, 576.6 +/- 25.0 microU/islet on the 1st day, 629.2 +/- 36.9 microU/islet on the 2nd day, and 482.0 +/- 43.5 microU/islet on the 3rd day). 3. In the perifusion experiment, a biphasic pattern of insulin secretion was demonstrated with the stimulation of glucose in the control and glucocorticoid treated rats. A remarkable enhancement of insulin secretion was observed by the stimulation of 100 mg/dl glucose. The amount of insulin secretion at the first phase (up to 7 min. after the glucose stimulation) was 2.9 +/- 0.5 microU/islet on the 1st day, 2.7 +/- 0.3 microU/islet on the 2nd day and 3.8 +/- 0.1 microU/islet on the 3rd day; these amounts were high compared with that of 1.8 +/- 0.1 microU/islet in the control rat. The amount of insulin secretion at the second phase (8 to 60 min. after the glucose stimulation) was 28.5 +/- 2.5 microU/islet on the 1st day, 37.1 +/- 3.3 microU/islet on the 2nd day and 41.3 +/- 1.8 microU/islet on the 3rd day; these amounts were higher when compared with that of 24.7 +/- 0.7 microU/islet in the control rat. 4. The monophasic insulin secretion from isolated islets by the stimulation of tolbutamide was enhanced with the treatment of glucocorticoid. These results indicate that glucocorticoid directly enhances insulin secretion from the pancreatic islets at the physiological concentration of blood glucose, which seems to be an important factor in the occurrence of hyperinsulinemia associated with glucocorticoid therapy. PMID- 6987098 TI - Symposium on stable base attachment removable partial denture. PMID- 6987097 TI - [Studies on the blood pressure control mechanism in essential hypertension: the relation of plasma norepinephrine concentrations to plasma renin activity and haemodynamics (author's transl)]. AB - To elucidate the mechanism of blood pressure control in essential hypertension (EH), plasma norepinephrine concentrations (PNE), plasma renin activity (PRA), cardiac index (CI) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were determined in normal subjects and those suffering from EH while resting and after standing with furosemide. The results were as follows: 1) PNE were 204 +/- 100 pg/ml (mean +/- S.D.) in normal subjects and 313 +/- 257 pg/ml in EH. PNE in EH were not significantly greater than in normal subjects, but in some patients with EH, PNE were above normal. 2) In both normal subjects and those suffering from EH, PNE and PRA showed a positive correlation (r = 0.45, p less than 0.05; r = 0.52, p less than 0.001; respectively). 3) In low renin EH, the response of PNE to the stimulation of standing with furosemide was significantly greater than in normal renin EH (p less than 0.05). 4) PNE in EH were independent of both TPR and CI. 5) There was a positive relation between PRA and CI (r = 0.44, p less than 0.05), and a slight negative relation between PRA and TPR (r = 0.36, 0.05 less than p less than 0.1). These results suggest that sympathetic nervous hypertonicity may be responsible for the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and that the interaction of both the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system may play an important role in the elevation of blood pressure. In low renin EH, the response of PNE to the stimulation of standing with furosemide may be normal and blood pressure may be controlled by both the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 6987099 TI - Fabricating non-precious metal bases. PMID- 6987100 TI - Base retention. PMID- 6987101 TI - Intracoronal precision attachments. AB - Intracoronal precision attachments provide part of the basis for the development of physiologic partial dentures. While the prefabricated and laboratory fabricated attachments both have advantages and disadvantages associated with their use, both can be successfully utilized in partial denture construction. The final choice should be made taking all factors, physical and biological, into consideration. The author has personally utilized the laboratory-fabricated attachment almost exclusively over the last six years of private practice. Clinically, the results obtained have equaled, and in many instances surpassed, those which had been obtained with commercially available intracoronal attachments. If the requisite laboratory support for the construction of the laboratory-fabricated attachment is available, the practitioner is urged to try this method himself. PMID- 6987102 TI - Clinical procedures in precision attachment removable partial denture construction. AB - A technique has been outlined for construction of a metal base precision attachment. The technique emphasizes the need for an accurate impression of the edentulous ridge and construction of a metal base. The metal base is related intraorally to the abutment restorations and fixed via a strut with autopolymerizing acrylic resin. When the relationship has been determined the replacement dentition is added to the base. PMID- 6987103 TI - A stable base precision attachment removable partial denture (PARPD): theories and prinicples. PMID- 6987104 TI - Practice management related to precision attachment prostheses. PMID- 6987105 TI - Abutment considerations. AB - The abutment consideration is but one step in the fabrication of a stable base appliance. This step, however, is a vitally important one. If carried out poorly, the casting can be lost and the tooth and periodontal tissues severely damaged or destroyed. All the steps considered in the fabrication of a case are like links of a chain. If one link fails the entire chain (or case) is broken or impaired. When the conditions of proper room for the attachment, crown contour, retention, and criteria of good preparation techniques and design are met, sound abutment considerations will be a strong link in the success of the attachment. PMID- 6987106 TI - Mucostatics. PMID- 6987107 TI - Impression materials for recording the denture bearing mucosa. AB - To accurately record the denture bearing mucosa at rest or with the least possible tissue movement, the following suggestions should be considered: The denture bearing mucosa should be healthy and firm. Impression materials used should be of low viscosity. Materials which rapidly increase in viscosity after mixing should be placed in the mouth as soon as possible without compromising acceptable clinical procedures. The zinc oxide-eugenol materials have an advantage of a much longer working time. Materials with low contact angles with water may have flow characteristics that are more favorable for making impressions of the denture bearing mucosa. The pressure used to seat and hold an impression of the denture bearing mucosa should be kept at the minimum necessary to achieve adequate flow for that impression material. From this discussion, it is evident that no single impression material is ideally suited for making edentulous impressions. Perhaps in the future the dental manufacturers will consider developing and marketing products with the specific performance characteristics that have been outlined. Until that time, clinicians should be aware of the characteristics of the material they are using and modify their techniques accordingly. PMID- 6987108 TI - [Pemphigus and pemphigoid]. AB - This comparison of the two diseases--pemphigus and pemphigoid--aimed particularly on points of actual interest. Are thus reviewed: (1) the research on the influence of racial or genetic factors in pemphigus vulgaris; (2) the striking differences between the immunological criteria of the two; (3) the clinical polymorphism of pemphigus: besides pemphigus superficialis, non-bullous forms, usually milder, of various types: herpetiformis, circinate ... are now being described; (4) the importance in all cases of eosinophilic spongiosis; (5) the clinical monomorphism of classical bullous pemphigus; on the contrary, the differences, both from clinical and prognostic points of view, in localized bullous pemphigoid (from the benign mucocutaneous form to the severe scarring disease) and in bullous pemphigoid of children; (3) the cases of genuine pemphigus induced by drugs (D-penicillamine, rifampicine) and the problem of the pemphigus-like antibodies; (7) bullous pemphigoid, UV light and practolol; (8) the outstanding association of two major immune diseases, pemphigus vulgaris, myasthenia and thymoma; (9) the mixed bullous dermatoses: pemphigus vulgaris and dermatosis herpetiformis (to separate from herpetiform pemphigus), bullous pemphigoid and dermatosis herpetiformis (bringing up the unsolved problem of mixed or intermediate forms of the two diseases), bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris, exceptionally seen, and (10) some news on therapy. PMID- 6987109 TI - Primary cutaneous amyloidosis: clinical, laboratorial and histopathological study of 25 cases. Identification of gammaglobulins and C3 in the lesions by immunofluorescence. AB - 25 cases of primary cutaneous amyloidosis are studied. 16 patients had macular amyloidosis (MPA) and 9 lichen amyloidosus (LPA). gamma-Globulins were increased in 50% of the patients. IgG and IgA were increased in the serum of 5 and 3 patients with MPA and 4 and 2 patients with LPA, respectively. Volume of amyloid deposits was similar in both forms. By direct immunofluorescence we demonstrated IgG in the amyloid deposits of 21 of the 25 cases and C3 in 13; IgM was present in 9 cases of MPA and in 3 cases of LPA. MPA was more frequent than LPA; histologically, it was impossible to distinguish MPA from LPA; correlation between serum levels of gamma-globulins and their presence in amyloid deposits was weak; MPA and LPA seem to be distinct clinical manifestations of the same disease and itching does not cause transformation of MPA in LPA. PMID- 6987110 TI - The intrinsic viscosity of glycoproteins. PMID- 6987111 TI - Mitochondrial pyruvate transport and its hormonal regulation. PMID- 6987112 TI - Preliminary results of a clinical trial relative to the use of rifamycin SV in the treatment of herpes zoster. AB - In a controlled clinical trial undertaken in ten Italian centres, rifamycin SV was compared to associations of various drugs such as erythromycin, aureomycin, multivitamin preparations, etc, in the treatment of herpes zoster. Up to now 144 patients, suffering from herpes zoster at different localizations, were divided into three groups and randomly given either rifamycin SV by intramuscular injection and topically, or rifamycin SV by injection only, or the routine treatment used at the particular centre in question. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments, the presence of subjective and objective symptoms was determined before treatment started and daily thereafter. The duration, in days, of the most important symptoms, such as erythema, vesicles, scabs and pain, was considered for this partial evaluation. All the above mentioned symptoms constantly showed a shorter duration in the two groups treated with rifamycin SV compared to the group treated with other therapies, with differences as significant on statistical calculation as they were important on the level of a clinical evaluation of the disease's course. PMID- 6987113 TI - A double-blind trial: vivalan against placebo in depressed elderly patients. AB - A double-blind controlled study of viloxazine against placebo in elderly depressed patients with a primary diagnosis of depressive illness records statistically significant improvements in depression ratings in the viloxazine group after three weeks. Viloxazine was effective and well tolerated at doses of 100 to 200 mg in depressed elderly patients, several of whom had concurrent cardiac disease. PMID- 6987114 TI - Clinical trial of xipamide in the treatment of hypertension. AB - Nine patients with hypertension were given xipamide 40 mg orally as monotherapy on alternate days. An additional seventeen patients had xipamide added to an existing treatment regime of clonidine 450 micrograms per day. Xipamide alone produced a significant fall in blood pressure comparable to that obtained with clonidine alone. However, a significant further reduction was obtained when xipamide was added to the existing clonidine regime. PMID- 6987115 TI - Beta-cell electrical activity in response to high glucose concentration. AB - Glucose-induced beta-cell electrical activity, recorded with glass microelectrodes, is characterized by trains of fast action potentials ("spikes"). The membrane depolarizes before each train of spikes and then repolarizes. This pattern is termed a "burst." There is a characteristic biphasic response to a square wave of 11.1 mM glucose. Pulses at higher glucose concentrations (22.2 mM or more) evoke transient, constant spike activity. The duration of this activity is lengthened and the lag period shortened in proportion to the concentration and length of the glucose pulse. The lag period between removal of glucose and the cessation of spike activity is also proportional to the glucose concentration. PMID- 6987116 TI - Effect of insulin, glucose, and 2-deoxy-glucose infusion into the third cerebral ventricle of conscious dogs on plasma insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that exogenous insulin, injected into central cerebrospinal fluid cavities of dogs, stimulates the release of endogenous insulin from the pancreas. To determine whether this response was elicited by (1) insulin per se, (2) an effect of insulin on glucose transport, or (3) glucopenia in the cerebrospinal fluid, we measured plasma insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids during the infusion of insulin, glucose, and 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG), individually or in combination, into the third cerebral ventricle of conscious dogs. As expected, the third ventricular infusion of insulin alone elicited a small, but significant, rise of plasma insulin. Surprisingly, infusion of insulin with glucose produced a smaller increase of plasma insulin (P less than 0.05) and the infusion of insulin with 2DG produced a much larger increase of plasma insulin (P less than 0.05) than did the third ventricular infusion of insulin alone. The third ventricular infusion of either glucose alone or 2DG alone had no effect on the plasma levels of insulin. These data suggest that administration of insulin into the cerebral ventricles stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion but not by accelerating the transport of glucose into a chemosensitive area of the brain. PMID- 6987117 TI - Altered responsiveness to cortisol, epinephrine, and glucagon in insulin-infused juvenile-onset diabetics. A mechanism for diabetic instability. PMID- 6987118 TI - Effects of insulin and pancreatic polypeptide on gastric somatostatin release. AB - Effects of arginine and such pancreatic hormones as insulin and pancreatic polypeptide on gastric somatostatin release from the isolated perfused rat stomach were studied. The stomach was isolated from a fasted rat by a modification of the method of Lefebvre and was perfused with 4.6% dextran Krebs Ringer biocarbonate buffer containing 5.5 mM glucose. Both insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8) M) caused a significant decrease in gastric somatostatin secretion. Insulin (10(-10) M), furthermore, inhibited the glucagon (5 x 10(-8) M)-induced somatostatin response. Arginine (10 and 19 mM) failed to elicit any significant change of somatostatin release. These results suggest that gastric somatostatin release is affected by pancreatic hormones. PMID- 6987119 TI - Hagfish insulin: the discrepancy between binding affinity and biologic activity. AB - Hagfish insulin exhibits a binding affinity of about 25% of that of pig insulin in rat adipocytes and IM-9 lymphocytes, even though its relative biologic potency is only about 5% in adipocytes. The dissociation rate constant of hagfish insulin is about half that of pig insulin, and the association rate constant is about one eighth. A longer time is, therefore, required for hagfish insulin to reach a steady state of binding. Failure to reach steady state is the probable reason why some previous results suggested a relative binding affinity of hagfish insulin of the same magnitude as the relative biologic potency. PMID- 6987120 TI - Pancreatic islets: a tissue rich in serotonin. PMID- 6987121 TI - Glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose in overt non-insulin-dependent diabetics with and without the islet cell antibody. AB - Plasma insulin, glucose, and insulin/glucose responses to a 50-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were compared in 14 islet cell antibody (ICAb) positive non insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDM), 14 matched ICAb negative NIDDM, and 14 ICAb negative nondiabetic controls. Both groups of NIDDM exhibited marked carbohydrate intolerance with insulinopenia. Despite having significantly higher plasma glucose concentrations during the study, the ICAb positive NIDDM had significantly lower insulin levels, and thus lower insulin/glucose ratios, than the ICAb negative NIDDM both in the fasting state and in response to the OGTT. Similarily, ICAb positive NIDDM had higher integrated glucose responses (delta G), lower integrated insulin responses (delta I), and lower delta I/delta G values than ICAb negative NIDDM. Three ICAb negative and seven ICAb positive NIDDM subsequently required insulin treatment. These findings show that ICAb positive NIDDM suffer from a greater disturbance of B-cell function than do matched ICAb negative NIDDM. PMID- 6987122 TI - Complement-mediated cytotoxic effects on pancreatic islets with sera from diabetic patients. AB - Sera from 11/30 patients with juvenile-onset-type diabetes (JOD) had cytotoxic effects on isolated pancreatic islets from hamsters when guinea pig complement was present. The cytotoxic activity could be readily eliminated by heating the guinea pig complement at 56 degrees C for 30 min, thus demonstrating a complement dependent process. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity toward pancreatic islets was not observed with sera from 11 patients with maturity-onset-type diabetes, 4 nondiabetic hospital patient controls, and 28 healthy adult subjects. The presence of circulating complement-mediated cytotoxic factor(s) toward isolated islets indicates the potential importance of autoimmune pathogenic damage to pancreatic islets in some patients with diabetes. PMID- 6987123 TI - Starvation-induced changes of somatostatin, glucagon, and insulin secretion from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. AB - The effect of 16- and 48-h fasting on pancreatic somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon secretion was studied, using the isolated perfused rat pancreas. In the presence of 4.4 mM glucose, basal somatostatin and insulin concentrations in the perfusate were significantly lower in 48-h fasted rats than in fed animals, whereas basal glucagon secretion was significantly elevated in fasted rats. The infusion of 19 mM arginine significantly augmented secretion of somatostatin and glucagon and attenuated insulin secretion in 48-h fasted rats. It is concluded that fasting causes a decrease in basal pancreatic somatostatin secretion in vitro, although the response to arginine is rather exaggerated. Insulin and glucagon secretion also changed during the fasting. These results suggest that not only insulin and glucagon, but also somatostatin contribute to nutrient homeostasis. PMID- 6987124 TI - Diurnal episodic pattern of insulin secretion in the dog. AB - Sampling portal blood every 15 min by means of indwelling cannulae, we have found evidence that basal insulin secretion in nonanesthetized dogs takes place in six or seven major secretory episodes over a 24-h period. Reproducible patterns were obtained in four experiments conducted on three normal animals. When frequency of peaks was plotted against the log of insulin concentration, a normal distribution was obtained (lognormal distribution). The means and variances were nearly the same in the three animals. Low levels of insulin (10--25 microU/ml) alternated with peaks which were occasionally higher than 200 microU/ml. The average duration of a peak was 30 min and seemed to be independent of ambient glucose levels. It is suggested that these peaks are the result of surges in plasma growth hormone concentrations and/or spontaneous repetitive discharges along neuronal pathways functionally related to insulin secretion. PMID- 6987125 TI - Phenformin increases insulin binding to human cultured breast cancer cells. AB - The effect of the hypoglycemic biguanide, phenformin, on the binding of insulin to MCF-7 cells, an in vitro line derived from a human breast cancer, has been investigated. Cells incubated for 24 h in the presence of 1.0 micrograms/ml of phenformin bound 62.2 +/- 8.1% (mean +/- SE) more 125I-insulin than did controls. The phenformin effect was dose-dependent over the concentration range of 0.1 micrograms/ml to 10.0 micrograms/ml. The increased binding was due to an increase in receptor number without a change in binding affinity. This demonstration of increased receptor number in response to phenformin exposure provides support for the hypothesis that one action of phenformin is to enhance tissue sensitivity to insulin. PMID- 6987126 TI - Immunological studies on drug-induced allergic hepatitis--hepatocellular injury by macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - When the peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with drug-induced allergic hepatitis were stimulated with a specific drug in vitro in the presence of a liver cytosol fraction containing liver specific antigen, lymphocyte transformation was seen in eight out of 11 patients. The macrophage activating factor (MAF), a kind of lymphokines, was also detectable in the culture medium of activated lymphocytes from seven out of eight patients who showed positive blastogenesis evaluated the uptake of 3H-glucosamine into macrophages. MAF activated macrophages exhibited a cytotoxic effect on separated liver cells resulting in a marked inhibition of albumin synthesis. This macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was also observed in eight out of 11 patients who showed positive lymphocyte transformation. These observations suggest that macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity may play some role in the pathogenesis of drug-induced allergic hepatitis. PMID- 6987127 TI - Cloning of an EcoRI-generated fragment of the leucine operon of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Recombinant plasmids carrying part of the leucine operon of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated following transformation of an Escherichia coli leucine auxotroph to prototrophy with a ligated mixture of EcoRI-treated Salmonella DNA and plasmid pSC101 DNA. Plasmids pCV11 and pCV13, containing a 3.4-10(6) dalton DNA fragment ligated to the vector, had the leu operon oriented in opposite directions. The orientation of the leu operon relative to plasmid genes was determined. The 3.4-10(6) dalton fragment was ligated in to the EcoRI site of plasmid pMB9 yielding plasmids pCV12 (orientation as in pCV11) and pCV14 (orientation as in pCV13). The results of enzyme assays and complementation tests indicated that these plasmids carry functional leuA, leuB, and leuC genes but not a functional leuD gene. Furthermore, the following results indicated that they have a functional leu control region and promoter. Expression of plasmid leu genes was markedly enhanced under conditions of leucine limitation whereas introduction of a leu promoter mutation into the operon oriented in either direction with respect to plasmid genes had a strong negative effect upon leu operon expression. Transcriptional readthrough from plasmid promoters, if it occurs at all, must be small in comparison with transcription initiated at the leu promoter. RNA was isolated from leucine auxotrophs grown under conditions of repression and derepression and from prototrophic strains derepressed for the leucine operon as a result of mutations in leuO, leuS, and flrB. The rate of synthesis of leu mRNA, measured by hybridization to plasmid pCV12 DNA, was proportional in each case to leu enzyme levels. PMID- 6987128 TI - A novel ColE1::Tn3 plasmid vector that allows direct selection of hybrid clones in E. coli. AB - A plasmid, named pKY2289, consists of a whole ColE1 DNA molecule and a complete ampicillin transposon (Tn3). When induced, E. coli K-12 cells which carry pKY2289 promote synthesis of colicin E1, but they are not immune to colicin E1. Inserting a DNA fragment into the EcoRI or the XmaI site of this plasmid abolishes its ability to produce active colicin E1. Thus, cells carrying one of these in vitro recombinant pKY2289 plasmids are able to form normal colonies in the presence of 0.1 microgram/ml of mitomycin C and 50 microgram/ml of ampicillin, while cells carrying the parental pKY2289 form very tiny colonies under the same conditions. This allows a positive selection for an in vitro recombinant pKY2289 molecule carrying a foreign DNA insertion. The properties of cells carrying the original pKY2289 are described and its potential usefulness as a cloning vehicle is demonstrated by cloning all the EcoRI and XmaI fragments of lambda DNA. PMID- 6987129 TI - In vitro 'ageing' and nuclear template function. AB - The fundamental cause(s) of senescent deterioration remain(s) to be established. Numerous attempts have been made to relate changes found at the cellular level with altered or failing functional changes occurring at the molecular level. However, the apparently contradictory published data often make it very difficult if not impossible, to decide whether any conclusive evidence has been provided. In this article, we have reviewed the attempts to relate in vitro 'ageing' with alterations in nuclear template function and have made brief mention of the few complementary in vivo experiments. Results from studies of chromatin function during in vitro 'ageing' in general favour the suggestion that the reduction in template activity with increasing 'age' may result from the loss of cellular division potential, so being an effect rather than a cause of in vitro 'ageing'. However, nuclear control of 'ageing' via specific transcriptional mechanisms cannot be excluded by these data. It is possible that minor or discrete species of RNA are involved, but their investigation and detection await the development of new or more sensitive methodologies. Therefore, published data are consistent with theories of genetically programmed cellular senescence and terminal differentiation, but they do not allow us to decide firmly in favour of one or the other. PMID- 6987131 TI - [The Nizhegorod period in the life of A. N. Sysin (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6987130 TI - [Allergenic properties of surface-active substances]. PMID- 6987132 TI - [Hazard of vinyl chloride migration into water and food products]. PMID- 6987133 TI - Two monographs on the spinal cord vascularization. PMID- 6987135 TI - Isaac Ray and forensic psychiatry in the United States. PMID- 6987134 TI - Methods of injecting blood vessels and some ducts of human fetuses. PMID- 6987137 TI - The relationship between insulin binding and the inhibition of protein degradation in normal and transformed cells. AB - The apparent Ki for insulin binding to Reuber H35 hepatoma, rat hepatocytes, 3T3 and SV403T3 cells in monolayer culture was approximately 2 x 10(-9) M. Since insulin concentrations of 2 x 10(-12) M and 6 x 10(-11) M inhibit half-maximally intracellular protein degradation in the H35 hepatoma and SV403T3 cells respectively, it is apparent that very few insulin molecules are bound at such concentrations. The calculated number of insulin molecules bound per cell under these conditions is 45 in the H35 hepatoma and 180 in SV403T3. On the other hand, 36,000 and 2100 and molecules are bound per cell respectively at insulin concentrations which inhibit half-maximally intracellular protein degradation in hepatocytes and 3T3 cells. Measurements of insulin degradation show rates about five times greater in the H35 hepatoma as compared to hepatocytes, thus eliminating a more rapid breakdown of insulin as an explanation of the lower insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes. PMID- 6987136 TI - Diabetes in birds. PMID- 6987138 TI - Insulin and glucagon in human pancreatic exocrine fluid. PMID- 6987139 TI - Glucagon and insulin secretion by islets of lean and obese (ob/ob) mice. PMID- 6987140 TI - Insulin stimulated phagocytic ability and humoral immunologic response in mice. PMID- 6987141 TI - Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. 22. Inhibition of acrosin by benzamidine derivatives. AB - A series of substituted benzamidines was tested for their inhibitory effects on boar acrosin. Substituents with electron-donating properties and small aliphatic residues increase the inhibitory activity of benzamidine, whereas aromatic residues have only a slight enhancing influence. Only substituents with a beta- or gamma-keto group increase the acrosin binding affinity by more than one order of magnitude. Comparison of the structure-activity relationships for the inhibition of acrosin and trypsin showed differences in the binding sites of both enzymes. PMID- 6987142 TI - Insulin-like partial effects of agmatine derivatives in adipocytes. AB - In previous investigations, we described insulin-like effects of agmatine [(4 aminobutyl)guanidine] in vitro. In the present work we have examined whether these effects of agmatine can be enhanced by variation in chain length (C3 and C5 forms) and by alkylation. Propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, isobutyl and isopentyl groups were introduced into C4- and C5-agmatine by hydrogenation of the corresponding azomethines. Alkylation of C3-agmatine was carried out by addition of alkylamines to acrylonitrile, followed by hydrogenation and amidination. For the biological assays, isolated fat cells from rat epididymic adipose tissue were used. N4-Butyl- and N4-pentyl-C4-agmatines lead to a two-fold, N4-hexyl-C4 agmatine to a three-fold enhancement of glucose oxidation in adipocytes. Alkylated C4- and C5-agmatines induce a three-fold increase in lipogenesis compared to agmatine. Alkylation of C3-agmatine does not increase its potency in this test. In our test system, insulin decreases adrenalin-induced lipolysis to 40% of the control value (100%). Agmatine and alkylated C4-agmatines yield very similar values (37% and 27-44% respectively). The alkylated C3-agmatines also exert strongly antilipolytic effects (25-35%), while the effects of the alkylated C5-agmatines are weaker. The synthesized agmatine derivatives were injected intraperitoneally into mice. Tolerable doses do not cause any significant reduction in blood glucose levels. PMID- 6987143 TI - Mild purification procedure and subunit structure of glucosephosphate isomerase from baker's yeast. AB - A mild procedure for the purification of glucosephosphate isomerase from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is reported. The purified enzyme was homogeneous and did not contain charge isomers as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. Its molecular weight determined by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation was approximately 120 000, which agreed with that of the enzyme in the crude extract as well as that of the renatured enzyme. Gel filtration in 6M guanidine/HCl as well as acrylamide gel electrophoresis of sodium dodecyl sulfate denatured glucosephosphate isomerase showed one single peak and gave a subunit molecular weight of 60 000. Cross-linking patterns obtained with yeast glucosephosphate isomerase after treatment with dimethyl suberimidate resulted in the appearance of dimers as the largest-linked product of the enzyme subunit. After dissociation the enzyme can readily be reassociated and renatured with a yield of maximum 73% and a pseudo first order rate constant of 0.12 min-1 at 25 degrees C. PMID- 6987144 TI - Direct determination of the enthalpy of binding of tRNAIle to isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase of E. coli MRE 600. PMID- 6987145 TI - Cytophotometric DNA determination in human oligodendroglial tumours. AB - Cytophotometric DNA determination was performed on 11 surgically resected oligodendroglial tumours and on oligodendroglial cells in two normal brains. The results are compared with the histological findings, the mitotic index and the degree of clinical malignancy. In this type of glioma there is no correlation between the DNA pattern and the histological appearances and the mitotic index. It is concluded that an aneuploid DNA distribution curve corresponds to a bad prognosis, whilst a diploid DNA curve does not allow prediction of the degree of clinical malignancy. PMID- 6987147 TI - Nursing care administration: nursing focuses on education. AB - Nursing administration literature for 1979 gave extensive coverage to such issues as "entry into practice" and the service/education schism, but little on the nurse shortage. PMID- 6987146 TI - Physician's role in hospital continues to shift. AB - The interplay among physicians, trustees, and administrators, and medical staff relations with house staff, nurses, and foreign medical graduates are some of the issues of 1979. PMID- 6987148 TI - Hospital attributes debt crisis to government payment policies. PMID- 6987149 TI - Serving meals with fiscal responsibility. AB - Food service administrators must learn how to manage human resources and conserve energy resources as part of their overall fiscal responsibility. PMID- 6987150 TI - Hospital governance comes of age. AB - The function of governance has come of age after a decade of steady growth. The emphasis on effective performance shows how seriously trustees and others regard their role. PMID- 6987151 TI - Rising costs will bring tightened controls on federal payments: former HEW official. PMID- 6987152 TI - Cap on CT scan reimbursement is stopped. PMID- 6987153 TI - How many CT scanners do you need? AB - Ohio HSA has developed a systematic approach to determine the need for CT scanners, basing final decisions on population and incidence of disease. PMID- 6987154 TI - HCFA's watchdog for beneficiaries clarifies complexities. AB - Barney Sellers, the director of the new Office of Beneficiary Services, talks about his goals and hopes for helping Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries better understand and shape the federal government's most complex programs. PMID- 6987155 TI - New system needs planning for success. AB - Faced with the need to expand its telephone system, hospital carefully studied its needs, selected the best equipment to match them, and undertook a methodical installation process. PMID- 6987156 TI - Ambulatory center finished in 14 months. AB - 'Fast track' construction and a team approach enabled a hospital and its outside experts to plan and build an ambulatory care center within 14 months and within a tight budget. PMID- 6987158 TI - Compartmental system analysis: state of the art. PMID- 6987157 TI - Arrangement of chromatin in the nucleus. AB - The factors responsible for producing some degree of order to the arrangement of chromatin in the nucleus are reviewed. They are following: 1. Chromosomes are attached to the nuclear membrane, nucleolus and intranuclear matrix. As a result they have a relatively fixed position in the nucleus. 2. In some species somatic pairing results in alignment of homologs. This is rare in mammals. 3. The association of ribosomal DNA and 5S DNA with the nucleolous results in the close approximation of the chromosomes carrying these DNA sequences. In man and other animals the most obvious consequence is satellite association. 4. Heterochromatin is condensed onto the inner nuclear membrane and periphery of the nucleolous while genetically active chromatin occupies the more central portion of the nucleus. The results is a peripheral location of late replicating DNA and a central location of early relicating DNA. 5. The DNA replication points tend to be associated with the nuclear matrix. Autoradiography of briefly labelled cells shows a high frequency of grains associated with nuclear matrix material. 6. Heterochromatin association results in chromocenters and ectopic pairing. 7. In addition to all these is the Rabl orientation or alignment of centromeres with centromeres and telomeres with telomeres. This polarization of the chromosomes results from the traction on the centromeres by the spindle fibers. There is no firm evidence for any higher degrees of order that might bring specific functioning genes into close proximity. PMID- 6987160 TI - Current topics in health care: an annotated bibliography. PMID- 6987159 TI - Lydia Hall's place in the development of theory in nursing. PMID- 6987161 TI - Nursing care of the aged: past, present, future. PMID- 6987162 TI - Current topics in health care: an annotated bibliography. PMID- 6987163 TI - Action of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the respiration of mouse liver mitochondria. AB - Escherichia coli O127:B8 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibited oxygen consumption by isolated mouse liver mitochondria at 10 micrograms of LPS per mg of protein when glutamate + malate was the substrate and adenosine 5'-diphosphate had been added (state 3 respiration), but had little effect when adenosine 5'-diphosphate was not added (state 4 respiration). LPS stimulated state 4 respiration at 10 micrograms/mg of mitochondrial protein when succinate was the substrate but had little effect on state 3 respiration. Lipid A from Shigella sonnei at 2 micrograms/mg of mitochondrial protein also stimulated state 4 respiration but did not affect state 3 respiration with succinate as the substrate. Lipid A, unlike LPS, caused a decrease in the adenosine 5'-diphosphate/O ratio. LPS at 100 micrograms/mg of mitochondrial protein impaired the reduction of cytochromes aa3, c, and b when succinate was the substrate but not when reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide, dithionite, or glutamate was the substrate. PMID- 6987164 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for group B streptococcal antibodies. AB - We report here on the development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for antibodies to types II and III group B streptococci. Streptococcal antigens were prepared by trichloroacetic acid extraction and fractional alcohol precipitation. Microtiter wells were coated with antigen in 0.1 M carbonate buffer at pH 9.6. Lyophilization was found to be an essential step for efficient binding of the streptococcal antigens. After incubation with antibody-containing rabbit serum, bound antibody was detected with peroxidase-labeled goat anti rabbit immunoglobulin G. Optimal antigen concentrations were 200 micrograms/ml for type II and 100 micrograms/ml for type III. An ELISA is also described that uses intact bacteria as antigen. Hyperimmune rabbit serum reacted at a titer in excess of 512 against trichloroacetic acid-soluble antigen and 4,096 against whole bacteria. Sera from human subjects were also tested. Most human sera contained antibody which bound to intact bacteria but not to trichloroacetic acid solubilized streptococcal antigens. Antibody titers in human sera against intact bacteria correlated very well with opsonic antibody activity measured in a chemiluminescence assay. PMID- 6987165 TI - Experimental murine candidiasis: cell-mediated immunity after cutaneous challenge. AB - Male CBA/J mice, sensitized by cutaneous inoculation with viable Candida albicans blastospores, were used to study in vivo and in vitro cellular immune responses. Three antigens of C. albicans, viz., a cell wall glycoprotein (GP), a membrane extract (ppt-HEX), and soluble cytoplasmic substances (SCS), were used in vitro in a lymphocyte stimulation assay, whereas the GP and ppt-HEX were used in vivo to detect delayed hypersensitivity by the footpad assay. Delayed hypersensitivity to GP and ppt-HEX was transferred from sensitized donors to naive recipients with peritoneal exudate cells and not with serum. Moreover, the transfer of the reactivity to ppt-HEX was abrogated by the prior treatment of the transfer suspension with anti-theta 1.2 serum and complement. The in vitro lymphocyte response to GP and ppt-HEX correlated qualitatively with the in vivo responses. SCS, a preparation shown to be ineffective in vivo previously, did stimulate lymphocytes from sensitized animals in vitro. The in vitro response to Candida antigens, as well as phytohemagglutinin, was abolished by treatment of the lymphocyte suspension with anti-thymocyte 1.2 serum before assay, whereas anti immunoglobulin serum had less effect on these responses. The in vivo and in vitro reactivity to the Candida antigens, therefore, was dependent upon viable T lymphocytes. Preliminary specificity studies were carried out in the lymphocyte stimulation assay, using lymphocytes from mice infected with C. albicans tested against ppt-HEX preparations extracted from two other species of Candida, C. tropicalis and C. guillermondii, and from two other pathogenic yeast forms, Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis. Significant cross-reactivity was observed with C. tropicalis only, a species which is known to be serologically related to C. albicans. PMID- 6987167 TI - Immunogenicity of the ribosomal fraction of Salmonella typhimurium: analysis of humoral immunity. AB - The ribosomal fraction prepared from Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was further purified by gel filtration of Sepharose 4B and afforded excellent protection against homologous challenge. The highly effective immunogens were composed of several fractions which could give different types of protection to mice. The first type of protection was heat-labile antigens which could induce humoral immunity, and the second type of protection was heat-stable antigens capable of evoking cellular resistance in mice. The former were different from O-antigens and the latter were free of endotoxin and rich in ribonucleic acid. The third type of protection was heat-resistant substances of cell wall components, which were mainly composed of O-antigens. The high immunogenicity observed in this study could be obtained only by the heat-stable antigens rich in ribonucleic acid, and the immunity conferred by this kind of antigen was due to the cellular type of protection. PMID- 6987166 TI - Effect of rifampin on the immune response in mice. AB - In an investigation of the effect of rifampin on the immune response in mice, the cellular immunity was evaluated with the split-heart allograft technique. The survival time of the heart in animals treated with rifampin at a dose of 20 mg/kg per day from the day of the transplantation until the graft was rejected was longer (33.7 days, P less than 0.001) than that of animals not treated with antibiotics (14.5 days). When rifampin was given at a dose of 5 mg/kg per day for the same period, the mean survival time of allografts was 19.5 days. The number of demonstrable plaques of hemolysis and the humoral antibodies to sheep erythrocytes were also reduced by a human therapeutic dose (20 mg/kg per day). However, the suppression of the humoral immune response was probably of more limited biological significane, suggesting a differential sensitivity to rifampin. In contrast to rifampin, benzylpenicillin had no noteworthy inhibiting effect on the cellular or humoral immune response. PMID- 6987168 TI - Vaccination of cows with a K99 extract to protect newborn calves against experimental enterotoxic colibacillosis. AB - Pregnant cows and heifers were vaccinated with a crude K99 extract prepared from an Escherichia coli K-12, K99 strain. A similar group, injected with an extract prepared from the K-12 parent strain, served as a control. Eleven calves were born to both groups and challenged orally with a mean of 1.6 x 10(11) bacteria of enterotoxic E. coli B41 (O101:K99+, ST+) at the time of first colostrum uptake (1 to 7 h after birth). As a result of challenge, no death occurred in the vaccine group, but four calves died in the control group. Six calves in the vaccine group and all calves in the control group developed diarrhea. Colostral anti-O101 titers were very similar in both groups. Anti-K99 titers of colostral samples from the vaccinated dams were, however, significantly higher as compared to those of the controls. It is suggested that colostral antibodies, raised against the crude K99 extract vaccine, exerted a protective effect on newborn calves against the challenge enterotoxigenic E. coli O101:K99+, Ent+ strain. PMID- 6987170 TI - Experimental syphilis and serological examination for treponematosis in hares. AB - Of 202 captive hares studied, many of which had lesions on their external genital organs or testicular atrophy or both, 27% had positive serological tests for syphilis although dark-field examination of extracts of atrophic testes was negative. A total of 12 hares that were nonreactive for the serological test for syphilis was inoculated with Treponema pallidum, 9 intratesticularly and 3 intradermally. Six of the animals inoculated intratesticularly exhibited orchitis after 7 days with an associated accumulation of treponemes. No chancres developed in the intracutaneously inoculated animals during a 27-day period of observation. These results provide additional evidence to support the contention that endemic treponematosis occurs in wild hares and suggest that hares are moderately resistant to experimental infection with T. pallidum. PMID- 6987169 TI - Production of K99 antigen by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of antigen groups o8, o9, o20, and o101 grown at different conditions. AB - The production of the K99 antigen by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains with various O antigens was investigated by means of slide agglutination tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The extent of K99 production appeared to be dependent on the nutrient medium, as well as on the incubation temperature. Minimal salt medium with glucose and semisynthetic Minca medium were the most suitable for K99 production. In complex media the production of K99 antigen was strongly reduced. Optimal amounts of K99 antigen were produced at 37 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, weak production of K99 antigen was detected by hydrophobic interaction chromatography of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Slide agglutination tests were negative with cultures grown below 32 degrees C. The production of K99 antigen appeared to be related to the O antigen carried by the host strain, but it seemed to be independent of the absence or the presence of various K polysaccharide antigens. Under all conditions used, strains with antigen O101 produced about 10 times more K99 antigen than did strains with antigen O8, O9, or O20. Transfer of the K99 plasmid from wild-type strains of different O antigens to E. coliK-12 C600 confirmed that phenotypic expression of the K99 antigen is most probably related to the cell wall composition of the host. PMID- 6987171 TI - Characterization of tufted streptococci isolated from the "corn cob" configuration of human dental plaque. AB - Streptococci isolated from "corn cob" configurations of human dental plaque possess a polar fibrillar tuft extending 100 to 150 nm from one pole of the cell. The two strains studied were physiologically related to the Streptococcus sanguis Streptococcus mitior group and were most similar to Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903. The corn cob streptococci were serologically related to S. sanguis serotype 1. The polar tuft contained at least two antigenically distinct components, one serologically related to the glycerol phosphate backbone of teichoic acid. The other was an electrophoretically slow-moving antigen similar to a component of S. mitis ATCC 903. It is suggested that the corn cob streptococci in vivo adhere to Bacterionema matruchotii by means of the polar tuft. PMID- 6987172 TI - Concanavalin A-mediated affinity film for Treponema pallidum. AB - Freshly extracted Treponema pallidum bound to glass cover slips preexposed to specific lectins, permitting biological testing in the absence of complex tissue fluids. PMID- 6987173 TI - Rate of clearance of virulent Treponema pallidum (Nichols) from the blood stream of normal, Mycobacterium bovis BCG-treated, and immune syphilitic rabbits. AB - The rate of clearance of virulent Treponema pallidum (Nichols) from the blood stream of normal rabbits and rabbits previously treated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG was similar, there being treponemes still circulating 8 h after intravenous inoculation. In contrast, immune syphilitic rabbits cleared the virulent treponemes within 1 to 2 hours. Rabbits with passive humoral immunity to T. pallidum (after the transfer of 70 ml of immune serum) showed a similar clearance rate to that of the immune rabbits. Rabbits previously treated with BCG and with passive humoral immunity did not show a synergistic enhanced clearance rate, it being similar to that of immune rabbits. PMID- 6987174 TI - Ganglioside and monosaccharide inhibition of nonspecific lymphocyte mitogenicity by group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins. AB - Group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE) types A, B, and C are potent nonspecific lymphocyte mitogens. The mitogenicity of these exotoxins was inhibited by gangliosides and sialic acid, whereas concanavalin A was unaffected. The capacity of both concanavalin A and SPE-A to stimulate lymphocytes was suppressed by alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside. Galactose reduced the activity of SPE-C. The sugars, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside, and fucose, did not affect SPE mitogenicity. PMID- 6987175 TI - Immunization of mice with Trypanosoma cruzi polyribosomes. AB - Studies were carried out with a polyribosomal fraction isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi Y epimastigotes, with the intention to determine both its immunogenic activity and the degree of protection it could induce against experimental T. cruzi infection. This fraction was assayed in four groups of mice by using different schedules of vaccination and varying the dose, intervals, and route of administration. Seven days after the last dose, the animals were sacrificed for immunological studies or subjected to challenge with T. cruzi trypomastigotes. The results obtained in all schedules showed that our polyribosomal fraction only induced a weak antibody response, but was capable of evoking an expressive cellular response. It was also shown that this fraction has the capacity of inducing a high degree of protection against T. cruzi infection, as determined by the decrease of parasitemia and the prolonged survival time of immunized animals. PMID- 6987176 TI - Exological relationships of bacteria involved in a simple, mixed anaerobic infection. AB - Infectivity of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (formerly B. melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus; see S. M. Finegold and E. M. Barnes, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 27:388--391, 1977) was dependent on the presence of a second organism. An infective consortium consisting of B. asaccharolyticus and Klebsiella pneumoniae was defined. Neither organism was infective alone, but the Klebsiella could be replaced by organisms of a number of different genera. The nature of the infection appeared to be determined by the length of the lag period preceding the initiation of growth of B. asaccharolyticus. A rapid onset of growth led to the severe spreading form of the disease, whereas a slow initiation of growth resulted in the formation of a localized, self-limiting abscess. B. asaccharolyticus depends on the second or "helper" organism to produce a required growth factor which is not present at the inoculation site. The growth factor was shown to be succinate which was able to replace the hemin requirement. The dependency on succinate produced by K. pneumoniae was demonstrated in agar medium, in liquid culture, and in the infectivity assay. Any organism which produced succinate was able to stimulate growth of B. asaccharolyticus on agar medium and could replace K. pneumoniae as a member of the infectious consortium. The need for the second organism could be eliminated by inoculating B. asaccharolyticus together with agar-immobilized succinate or hemin. PMID- 6987177 TI - Proteolytic action of Legionella pneumophila on human serum proteins. AB - Proteolysis by four strains of Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of Legionnaires disease, was studied by the method of immunoelectrophoresis. Twenty three human serum proteins were tested as substrates. Five proteins were degraded: alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, beta-lipoprotein, beta 1E-globulin, and beta 2-glycoprotein-I. Moreover, the degradation of alpha 1 antichymotrypsin was demonstrated by investigation of an enzyme-blocking test. It is suggested that the proteolytic activity of L. pneumophila may bear some relationship to its pathogenic activity. PMID- 6987178 TI - Demonstration of specific binding sites for human serum albumin in group C and G streptococci. AB - A total of 297 bacterial strains belonging to 27 species was tested for quantitative uptake of radiolabeled human serum albumin. Specific binding sites with high affinity for human serum albumin were found exclusively in group C and G streptococci. The albumin binding was found to be a time-dependent, saturable, and displaceable process which obeyed simple kinetic equations. Scatchard analysis revealed that human serum albumin bound to a homogeneous population of receptors with an affinity in the order ot 10(7) liters/mol and that the average bacterial cell carried more than 80,000 binding sites. The albumin receptor is a heat-stable component susceptible to proteolytic digestion. It has a surface localization separate from the receptors for immunolgobulin G, fibrinogen, aggregated beta 2-microglobulin, and haptoglobin. In individual strains, albumin reactivity was also detected independently of these other types of interactions with human proteins. PMID- 6987179 TI - Host defenses in murine malaria: immunological characteristics of a protracted state of immunity to Plasmodium yoelii. AB - Random-bred ICR mice recovered from infection with avirulent Plasmodium yoelii were challenged at various later times with virulent P. yoelii or with another species of Plasmodium, P. berghei, to characterize the immunological nature of the long-term state of immunity generated in response to the avirulent infection. It was found that recovered mice resisted lethal challenge with virulent P. yoelii through at least 416 days after primary infection. However, the quality of this immunity changed as the time after avirulent infection increased. Mice challenged early after recovery were able to prevent the development of patent parasitemia. Later, these immune animals lost this capacity and after challenge infections progressed to patency at the same rate as did nonimmune controls. However, after the establishment of parasitemia, those animals which had encountered the homologous parasite a long time before controlled, and then eliminated, blood infection and survived. The "early" state of immunity was expressed by animals which may have harbored small numbers of viable avirulent parasites and possessed a protective humoral factor which could passively transfer anti-P. yoelii activity to naive recipients. In contrast, animals with "late" immunity showed evidence of neither persisting avirulent parasites nor serum anti-P. yoelii activity. The results support the proposition that immunity to this parasite exists as two distinct but interrelated states of immunological reactivity: an early "active" immunity and a later state which has characteristics suggestive of a state of immunological memory wherewith the animals were capable of anamnestically responding to P. yoelii challenge. Little evidence of heterologous immunity to P. berghei was observed for animals recovered from P. yoelii. PMID- 6987180 TI - Influence of route of administration on immediate and extended protection in rats immunized with Escherichia coli heart-labile enterotoxin. AB - The effect of route of administration, dosage, and number of boosts employed during immunization with the polymyxin-release form of Escherichia coli heat labile (LT) enterotoxin on the degree and duration of protection afforded was evaluated in rats which were challenged by the ligated loop technique. Increasing the boosting dosage by fivefold from 50 to 250 mug resulted in a marked increase in protection against challenge with toxin in rats immunized either just by the parenteral route (i.p./i.p.) or by a parenteral prime, followed by peroral boosts (i.p./p.o.) in rats pretreated with cimetidine to ablate gastric secretions; such was not the case, however, even with a 50-fold increase in dosage in rats immunized just by the peroral route (p.o./p.o.). Four weekly peroral boosts were required to achieve the strongest degree of protection. Increasing the boosting dosage also increased the degree of protection against challenge with viable LT(+)/ST(-) and LT(+)/ST(+) strains (ST indicates heat-stable enterotoxin) in rats immunized by the i.p./p.o., but not by the i.p./i.p., route; no protection was evident against an LT(-)/ST(+) strain. Protection was lost within 3 weeks after immunization in rats immunized by the i.p./i.p. route. In contrast, protection was extended over the 3-month observation period in those immunized by the i.p./p.o. route; the degree of protection was enhanced in rats which received an additional boost at 2 months. These observations establish the fact that immunization with LT is similar to that with cholera toxin in that arousal of the local immune intestinal response by means of peroral immunization provides maximal extended protection. PMID- 6987181 TI - Effect of selenium and dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide on the vaccine induced immunity of Swiss-Webster mice against malaria (Plasmodium berghei). AB - The results of the study described in this paper demonstrate that selenium, administered in drinking water, potentiates the protective effect of a killed Plasmodium berghei vaccine for Swiss-Webster mice. We also report that a vaccine consisting of P. berghei antigen combined with the adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide conferred a significantly high level of protective immunity. An additive effect was shown in that the greatest degree of protection was afforded to the group of mice maintained on selenium and vaccinated with antigen-dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide. Almost all of the animals treated in this manner survived the challenging infection, the course of which was typically of a transitory parasitemia not exceeding 10% at the peak. PMID- 6987182 TI - Depression of B-lymphocyte levels in the peripheral blood of cows with mastitis. AB - The levels of B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of normal and mastitic cows were evaluated by fluorescent-antibody and erythrocyte-antibody-complement rosetting techniques. Normal cows (N = 8) had 26.9 +/- 4.4% surface membrane immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes, whereas mastitic cows (N = 6) had only 16.3 +/- 3.6% similar cells among lymphocyte preparations purified by the Ficoll-Paque density gradient separation and carbonyl iron phagocytosis methods. Studies on smiliar lymphocyte preparations by erythrocyte-antibody-complement-rosetting techniques showed that normal cows (N = 12) had 33.5 +/- 7.1% erythrocyte antibody-complement-rosetting lymphocytes, whereas mastitic cows (N = 6) had 20.5 +/- 6.0% similar cells. PMID- 6987183 TI - Short chain fatty acids in the treatment of dermatophytoses. PMID- 6987184 TI - Localized pemphigoid. PMID- 6987185 TI - Efficacy of undecylenic acid-zinc undecylenate powder in culture positive tinea pedis. AB - One hundred fifty-one patients with tinea pedis participated in a double-blind study to assess the efficacy and safety of a powder containing undecylenic acid 2% and zinc undecylenate 20% versus a placebo powder. Patients were assigned to apply twice-daily applications of either active powder or placebo for a period of 4 weeks. Trichophyton rubrum or Trichophyton mentagrophytes were isolated from pretreatment cultures of 85 patients. Of these, 88% treated with active powder had negative cultures after 4 weeks compared with 17% of those treated with placebo powder (p less than 0.001). Fungus was identified in potassium hydroxide (KOH) treated skin scrapings of all 151 patients before treatment. Of those treated with active powder, 80% were KOH negative after 4 weeks compared with 49% of those treated with placebow powder (p = 0.001). Erythema and scaling were significantly improved by therapy with active powder, as were subjective evaluations of itching and burning. There were no side-effects or adverse reactions to undecylenic acid and its zinc salt. PMID- 6987186 TI - Magdeleine of Martinique. PMID- 6987187 TI - Lichen planus. PMID- 6987188 TI - Comparative theoretical conformational analysis of the insulin A6-A11 peptides. AB - The insulins of pig, ox, horse and goat differ only by the cyclic A6-A11 peptide which is thought to be an antigenic determinant of the molecule. The structure of the four peptides is investigated by conformational energy calculations in order to verify whether a common backbone conformation can be found for all four species, the antigenic difference being consequently due only to the difference in the side chains exposed to the solvent, or whether each sequence gives rise to a preferential backbone conformation, which would lead to the conclusion that the antigenic difference is conveyed by a more pronounced difference in the molecular structure. From the results of the study on the isolated peptides, it appears that an energetically favourable backbone conformation common to all four species can be found. This conformation is compared with the structure deduced from the X ray diffraction data available for pig insulin. PMID- 6987189 TI - Luminal plasma membrane alterations in bladder cancer. PMID- 6987190 TI - Immunobiology of carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Limited evidence suggests that prostatic cancer cells express antigens that are immunogenic in the host. Some of these tumor-associated antigens are fetal antigens and others may be oncogenic viral-induced tumor antigens. In addition, both benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells produce an antigenically distinctive form of acid phosphatase, but it is unknown whether acid phosphatase can function as a target for cytotoxic mechanisms. There is ample evidence that host cell-mediated immunologic activity is depressed in many prostatic cancer patients. The mechanisms underlying these impairments are unclear, but a number of factors has been implicated including uncharacterized "serum blockers," alpha 2 globulins, and circulating antigen-antibody complexes. Endocrine manipulations can also alter host immune mechanisms. There is some evidence to suggest that host immune competence correlates inversely with tumor progression in patients who have relapsed after endocrine therapy. Immunotherapy for prostatic cancer has not been adequately studied. There have been a few inconclusive attempts at active immunotherapy using bacille Calmette Guerin and cryosurgery and virtually no attempts at passive immunotherapy. The future prospects for immunology as a useful tool in the management of prostatic cancer patients are discussed. PMID- 6987191 TI - Angelo Mosso (1846-1910).. PMID- 6987192 TI - Some physical characteristics of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of Heliothis armigera. AB - A number of physical properties of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of Heliothis armigera were determined. These included a buoyant density of 1.44 g/cm3, a diffusion coefficient of 0.73 x 10(-7) cm2/sec, a partial specific volume of 0.688 ml/g, and a sedimentation coefficient of 399S. Three different methods were used to determine an average molecular weight of 47.4 x 10(6). PMID- 6987193 TI - Passive hemolysis-in-gel with Togaviridae arboviruses. AB - Radial hemolysis-in-agarose gel (HIG) with members of the genera Alphavirus and Flavivirus is described. The test can be reproduced with goose and sheep erythrocytes sensitized at the optimal pH for each virus. Human (O group), rooster, guinea pig, mouse and hamster erythrocytes were found to be unsuitable. The titer of immune ascitic fluids in HIG coincides with the titer in hemagglutination inhibition. Investigation of convalescent sera after laboratory infection suggests the possiblity of HIG application for serologic diagnosis of arbovirus infection. PMID- 6987194 TI - Titration of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus by a tissue microculture assay: some applications. AB - A simple tissue microculture technique was developed for the titration of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) from Euxoa scandens. The procedure was similar to the 50% tissue culture infectious dose assay, but a single infected cell, detected by the presence of cytoplasmic polyhedra, was scored rather than the degeneration of cell monolayers. The filtration of CPV suspensions resulted in decreased virus titers under certain conditions. This microculture assay was used to determine the effect of cell disruption methods on virus yields. Sonication of infected cells was more efficient than freeze-thawing for the recovery of nonoccluded virus. PMID- 6987195 TI - Improved glucose tolerance and insulin response in obese and diabetic patients on a fiber-enriched diet. AB - Twenty-two subjects, six of them obese, five latent diabetics, six overt diabetics, and five control subjects, were given a daily dietary supplement of 16 g guar gum and 10 g pectin for three successive days. Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses to an initial standard meal and to a fiber-enriched meal given 72 h later were compared. A significant decrease of blood glucose levels was found in all subjects, with maximal response in the obese group. We conclude that supplementing the diet with certain fibers can be regarded as an important therapeutic measure in the treatment of diabetic and obese patients. PMID- 6987198 TI - Intermittent mandatory ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure: two inexpensive methods of delivery. PMID- 6987196 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase in the chicken epiphyseal growth cartilage. AB - Alkaline phosphatase of chicken epiphyseal cartilage has been localized by two immunohistochemical methods. Double layer immunofluorescence and peroxidase anti peroxidase (PAP) methods gave similar results. Alkaline phosphatase in epiphyseal cartilage is extracellular as well as intracellular in the localization. Extracellular reaction was strongest in the lower layers of growth plate and the most intense reaction was noted in the pericellular lacunae of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Also intracellular immunoreaction was noticed through the whole growth plate. PMID- 6987197 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of polypeptides in peripheral autonomic nerves using whole mount preparations. AB - A method is described for the immunohistochemical localization of peptides in whole-mount preparations. Tissue is fixed as laminae with a picric acid/formaldehyde mixture and then dehydrated, cleared and rehydrated before exposure to antibodies. This procedure ensures adequate penetration of the antibody molecules without the need to freeze and thaw the tissue or to use detergents, preserves antigenicity and lowers non-specific background staining. The laminae are incubated with the primary antisera for 16 h at room temperature and, after washing, with a second, fluorescent tagged, antiserum. This can be followed by a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase localization of the second antiserum, which acts as a bridge. The method gives a precise and reproducible localization of immunoreactive peptides, with good penetration and low background even in thick preparation. Large areas can be scanned and neuroeffector relationships studied more easily than in sections. PMID- 6987199 TI - Comparison of the open and closed cuff method of vaginal dome closure in total abdominal hysterectomy. PMID- 6987200 TI - Pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia in miniature poodles: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. AB - The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia were studied in 13 affected Miniature Poodles. The disease became evident when pups were about 3 weeks old. Normal-appearing and affected pups were in the same litter, and both sexes were affected. Abnormal locomotion with abducted hindlimbs and flattened rib cages were accompanied by short, bent limbs and enlarged joints. Radiographically, areas of stippling and patchy densities were evident in the epiphyses. Histologically, these densities were identified as areas of bone associated with retarded ossification. After growth is completed, the epiphyses, ossify, but the bones are shortened and deformed. General health appears normal, except for restricted locomotion due to secondary arthritis and difficult breathing in dogs with a deformed thorax. PMID- 6987201 TI - Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in the United States? PMID- 6987202 TI - Polymyositis in dogs. AB - Polymyositis was diagnosed in nine dogs. Factors utilized in making the diagnosis included (1) muscle pain or weakness, (2) high concentrations of serum muscle enzymes, (3) electromyographic abnormalities, and (4) histopathologic evidence of muscle necrosis and inflammation. Clinical signs included muscle pain, weakness, stilted gait, and pyrexia. Serum muscle enzyme concentrations were high in only three dogs. There was no apparent correlation between enzyme concentrations and severity of clinical involvement or degree of muscle necrosis on biopsy. Electromyographic changes included polyphasic motor unit potentials, fibrillation potentials, and positive waves. Variable degrees of muscle regeneration, degeneration, and inflammation were seen. Prednisone (2.2 mg/kg, OD, per os) was used effectively to treat four dogs. One dog improved initially but was euthanatized later when clinical signs became more pronounced. Three other dogs developed aspiration pneumonia secondary to megaesophagus and either died or were euthanatized. PMID- 6987203 TI - Keratoplasty and intraocular lenses. PMID- 6987204 TI - Penicillin pioneers. PMID- 6987205 TI - Conjugation and the multipoint inoculator. PMID- 6987206 TI - The use of tetracycline in the community and its possible relation to the excretion of tetracycline-resistant bacteria. PMID- 6987207 TI - Chemoprophylaxis in malaria. PMID- 6987209 TI - Effect of a single amino acid substitution on the near-ultraviolet CD spectra of tryptophan synthase alpha-subunit. PMID- 6987208 TI - Purification and thermal stability of several amino acid-specific tRNAs from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. AB - Three species of methionine tRNAs and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and isoleucine tRNAs were purified from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. Formylation studies of the three methionine tRNAs and their codon-specific binding activities to ribosomes showed that two of them (named tRNAf1Met and tRNAf2Met) were initiator tRNAs and the other (named tRNAmMet) was a non initiator. The tRNAs from T. thermophilus all had melting temperatures of up to ten degrees higher than the corresponding species from E. coli. Most of the species also had slightly higher G+C contents than the corresponding species of E. coli, and each of them contained one mol each of the modified nucleosides, O2' methylguanosine (Gm), 2-thioribothymidine (s2T), and 1-methyladenosine (m1A). Their high melting temperatures could be explained by their high G+C contents and the presence of the modified nucleosides, espically s2T. Comparison of the melting temperatures of T. thermophilus tRNAf2Met with those of E. coli tRNAfMet and tRNAmMet at different magnesium concentrations showed that magnesium was also a factor in the thermostability of the thermophile tRNA. PMID- 6987210 TI - Inhibition of epoxide derivatives on chicken calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP) in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6987211 TI - Amino-terminally formylated tryptophan synthase alpha-subunit produced by the trp operon cloned in a plasmid vector. AB - The trp operon of Escherichia coli cloned in a multicopy plasmid produced an amino-terminally formylated tryptophan synthase alpha-subunit, as well as the normal deformylated one. PMID- 6987212 TI - The penicillin-binding proteins of Caulobacter crescentus. AB - The proteins that specifically bind penicillin G were studied with Caulobacter crescentus. This organism possessed at least 5 penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs): PBP 1A (132 K), PBP 1Bs (98 K), PBP 2 (77 K), PBP 3 (64 K), and PBP 4 (50 K). As expected from the unique morphology, the C. crescentus PBPs were different from those of other sources in molecular weight and localization: C. crescentus did not possess PBPs of low molecular weight. PBP 4 was found only in the outer membrane, while the other PBPs were present mostly in the inner membrane. PMID- 6987214 TI - Regulation of Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase by multiple effectors in vivo. Estimation of the activities in the cells grown on various compounds. AB - Intracellular concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and five kinds of allosteric effectors (acetyl-CoA, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, GTP, L-aspartate, and L-malate) of PEP carboxylase were measured in E. coli cells grown on various compounds as a carbon source. Based on the data obtained, reaction systems which contained a definite concentration of the enzyme and the ligands at the concentrations found in vivo were constructed and the enzyme activities were measured. The ratio of each activity thus obtained to the maximal activity attainable with the same concentration of enzyme and saturating concentrations of the activators was estimated. For the cells grown on glucose, glycerol, or lactate, the extent of exhibition of the enzyme activity was 2-15% of the maximal activity. For the cells grown on acetate or oleate, the extent was 1-3%. For the cells grown on succinate, L-aspartate, L-malate, or glucose plus L-aspartate, the extent was less than 0.4%. Consideration of the data obtained in the present studies, together with those obtained in our previous studies on the enzyme level (Teraoka, H. et al. (1970) J. Biochem. 67, 567-575), showed that the control of the enzyme reaction in vivo is considerably different from that expected from the in vitro experiments, and that deficiencies of "coarse control" are covered by a "fine control." PMID- 6987215 TI - The reactive site of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. AB - The reactive of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) was investigated by chymotryptic cleavage of the reactive site peptide bond and its resynthesis by inhibitor-subtilisin complex formation. The results show that the reactive site peptide bond of the inhibitor is Met(73)-Val(74) and that subtilisin specifically cleaved the Leu(6)-Tyr(7) bond of SSI upon complex formation. PMID- 6987213 TI - Chromatography in presence of high concentrations of salts on columns of celluloses with and without ion exchange groups (hydrogen bond chromatography). Its application to purification of yeast enzymes. AB - 1. All the water-soluble yeast enzymes tested, which were only partially precipitated at best in the presence of high concentration of salts such as ammonium sulfate or sodium formate, were adsorbed on a column of cellulose in the presence of the same concentrations of the salts, and the adsorbed enzymes were chromatographically eluted by decreasing the concentration of the salts. 2. Even in the presence of high concentration of the salts, the adsorbed enzymes were eluted by urea or by "hydroxy-rich" reagents such as sucrose. 3. Under the experimental conditions used, the salt concentrations required for elution of the adsorbed enzymes were lower with cellulose than with DEAE-cellulose, CM cellulose, or P-cellulose, indicating that ion exchange groups, either cationic or anionic, affected the adsorption, although the ion exchange groups of DEAE cellulose, CM-cellulose, and P-cellulose were weakly but definitely functional as ion exchangers even in the presence of high concentrations of the salts. 4. The principal attractive force between cellulose and the enzyme was deduced to be due to hydrogen bonding. 5. This hydrogen bond chromatography was applied for the purification of some yeast enzymes. PMID- 6987216 TI - Amino acid sequence of a purothionin homolog from barley flour. AB - A purothionin homolog was isolated from barley flour and purified by CM-52 column chromatography. It showed potent lethal activity towards brewer's yeast and its complete amino acid sequence was determined to be as follows. Lys-Ser-Cys-Cys-Arg Ser-Thr-Leu-Gly-Arg-Asn-Cys-Tyr-Asn-Leu-Cys-Arg-Val-Arg-Gly-Ala-Gln-Lys-Leu-Cys Ala-Gly-Val-Cys-Arg-Cys-Lys-Leu-Thr-Ser-Ser-Gly-Lys-Cys-Pro-Thr-Gly-Phe-Pro-Lys. It thus consists of 45 amino acid residues with 8 cysteines. The number of amino acid residues and the positions of the 8 cysteines are identical with those of wheat purothionins. There is a high degree of homology in the primary structures of these proteins. PMID- 6987217 TI - Actin-induced local conformational change in the myosin molecule. II. Conformational change around the S2 thiol group related to the essential intermediate of ATP hydrolysis. AB - The effect of F-actin on the conformation around a specific thiol group, S2, in heavy meromyosin was investigated. The extent of the change was estimated from the residual activity of Ca2+-ATPase after modifying the thiol with N ethylmaleimide (NEM). Experiments were carried out with a modified heavy meromyosin (HMM), in which S1 had been blocked with NEM, to observe the reactivity of S2 alone. 1. F-Actin markedly increased the ATP-induced conformational change around S2, but did not affect the adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMPPNP)-induced change, and markedly supressed the adenylyl methylenediphosphate (AMPPCP)-induced change. 2. The initial burst of HMM ATPase was retained after the modification of S1. Replacement of Mg2+ with Mn2+ in the medium reduced the cooperative action of F-actin and ATP with concomitant loss of the initial burst. 3. Nevertheless, F-actin was capable of activating the steady-state ATPase activity of HMM even in the presence of Mn2+. 4. The degree of activation by F actin of the ATP-induced increase in the reactivity of S2 did not parallel that of the steady-state ATP splitting, when the KCl concentration of the medium was varied. The results indicate that the actin-induced local conformational change in the S2 region is related to an energized state of the myosin molecule caused by Mg2+-ATP, but is apparently not related to the actin-activated steady-state ATPase activity. PMID- 6987218 TI - Presence of smooth muscle myosin-like protein on liver cells. AB - Antiserum against purified chicken smooth muscle myosin was obtained from rabbits. The serum was specific for smooth muscle myosin and did not react with myosins from fast and slow skeletal muscle or cardiac muscle. Using this specific antibody, the location of smooth muscle myosin-like protein was studied by double antibody immunofluorescence microscopy with sections of chicken liver tissue. Marked fluorescence was demonstrated along the sinusoids of hepatic tissue and the vascular walls. The findings in this study suggest that a myosin-like protein, which is immunologically similar to the myosin from smooth muscle but not to myosins from skeletal or cardiac muscle would exist on the sinusoidal surface of liver cells. PMID- 6987220 TI - Structure and biosynthesis of surface polymers containing polysialic acid in Escherichia coli. AB - Membranous sialyltransferase complexes from Escherichia coli K-235 catalyze the synthesis of surface polymers containing alpha-2,8-ketosidically linked polysialic acid. Undecaprenyl phosphate functions as an intermediate carrier of sialic acid (NeuNAc) residues between cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuNAc) and an endogenous acceptor (Troy, F.A., and McCloskey, M.A. (1979) J. Biol. Chem 254, 7377-7387). In vitro pulse-chase experiments now confirm that polymer elongation occurs by the addition of sialyl residues to the nonreducing termini of growing nascent chains. Sequential periodate oxidation and borohydride reduction of radiolabeled polysialic acid was used to quantitatively convert the terminal, nonreducing sialic acid to the 7-carbon analogue, 5 acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-L-arabino-2-heptulosonic acid (NeuNAc7). After complete hydrolysis of the polymers by neuraminidase, the ratio between NeuNAc and NeuNAc7 was used to determine the average degree of polymerization (D.P.). The membrane preparations used as a source of enzyme contained endogenous sialyl polymers that averaged 165 residues in length. During the first phase of in vitro synthesis, lasting about 90 min, 40 to 45 sialyl residues were transferred onto these endogenous acceptors. Subsequent in vitro incorporation increased at a slower, constant rate for at least 16 h. During this second phase of synthesis, the D.P. of newly synthesized chains remained relatively constant while the number of nonreducing terminal end groups, a measure of the number of new sialyl chains, increased. These results establish that individual polymer chains are rapidly elongated in vitro to a defined length of about 200 sialyl residues, then terminated and new chains started. The mechanism signaling chain termination, translocation of the sialyltransferase to a new acceptor, and chain reinitiation remains to be determined. Endogenous and enzymatically synthesized sialyl polymers were solubilized with Triton X-100 and purified to apparent homogeneity. Sialic acid accounted for approximately 93% of the mass of these polymers which had no free reducing terminal sialic acid. This position of the molecule is presumably occupied by an as yet unidentified component which links the sialyl polymer to the membrane. PMID- 6987219 TI - A zinc metalloendopeptidase associated with dog pancreatic membranes. AB - Assay of solubilized dog pancreas microsomes revealed the presence of an endopeptidase which hydrolyzed the fluorogenic peptide substrate Suc-Ala-Ala-Phe 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) between the alanine and phenylalanine positions. This activity was inhibited by phosphoramidon, 1,10-phenanthroline, and a number of synthetic inhibitors of thermolysin indicating that the enzyme is a zinc metallopeptidase. Endopeptidase activity was not inhibited by the serine protease inhibitors elastatinal, antipain, leupeptin, N-carbobenzyloxy-L-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, L-tosylamido-2-lysyethyl chloromethyl ketone, L-tosylamido-2 phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, phenyl-methanesulfonyl fluoride, or low levels of chymostatin. The endopeptidase had a pH optimum between 7.0 and 7.5. The enzyme also hydrolyzed Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-AMC and Suc-Ala-Gly-Ala-AMC in an analogous way to yield Ala-AMC. Thermolysis hydrolyzed Suc-Ala-Ala-Phe-AMC in an analogous way to the endopeptidase. However, thermolysin did not hydrolyze Suc Ala-Ala-Ala-AMC or Suc-Ala-Gly-Ala-AMC, demonstrating that its substrate specificity differs from the endopeptidase. PMID- 6987221 TI - Functional and structural properties of immobilized subunits of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 6987222 TI - Regulation of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Effects of starvation and insulin. PMID- 6987223 TI - The mechanism of sugar binding to the periplasmic receptor for galactose chemotaxis and transport in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6987224 TI - Metabolism of individual proteins in exponentially growing Escherichia coli. AB - The metabolism of 184 individual proteins was examined in exponentially growing Escherichia coli. Cells were labeled with [3H]leucine and [35S]methionine using either a pulse-chase or a continuous labeling method. Proteins were fractionated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and their stabilities relative to total protein were determined from the 3H/35S ratios. Forty-seven proteins appeared to be unstable and were probably either degraded or modified to electrophoretically distinct forms. The apparent half-lives of these proteins calculated from the pulse-chase data varied from 2.0 to 23 h. Twenty-seven proteins appeared to be products of post-translational modifications. One hundred fourteen proteins appeared to be stable. The molar ratios of leucyl and methionyl residues in individual proteins and in total protein were calculated by comparing their 3H/35S ratios to that of a protein with known amino acid composition. These values varied from 1.7 to 12. The half-lives of the unstable proteins did not exhibit a correlation with protein molecular weights, isoelectric points, or leucine/methionine ratios. It may be significant, however, that 6 of the 10 most unstable proteins had low leucine/methionine ratios whereas only 11% of all proteins tested had similarly low ratios. PMID- 6987225 TI - Formyl-methenyl-methylenetetrahydrofolate synthetase(combined) from yeast. Biochemical characterization of the protein from an ade3 mutant lacking the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase function. AB - A protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant ade3-1050, a formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase-deficient mutant, has been purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified mutant enzyme shows both methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activities, but lacks formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity. The biochemical characterization of the mutant protein described in this paper is consistent with genetic data which indicate that the 1050 mutation is a point mutation at the ade3 locus of chromosome VII of S. cerevisiae. The molecular weight of the native mutant protein (Mr = 227,000 by exclusion chromatography), as well as the number and size of its subunits are exactly the same as those of the trifunctional wild type enzyme. In addition, both proteins have the same sedimentation behavior in a glycerol density gradient (s20,w = 9.4 S), and their activities and structures are equally affected by exposure to mild tryptic degradation. ATP protects both enzymes from tryptic degradation, but NADP+ does not. Some of the kinetic properties of the activities of both enzymes were also determined and were essentially similar. Although both enzymes require the presence of metals for maximal synthetase and dehydrogenase activities, metals are not necessary to maintain their structures intact. PMID- 6987226 TI - The relation of heme to catalase apoprotein synthesis in yeast. AB - The synthesis of two hemoproteins, catalase A and catalase T, was studied in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in heme formation. These mutants can be grown on the end-product heme or on a heme precursor, or on ergosterol and Tween 80 (a source of oleic acid). It was found by immunoprecipitation that, in the presence of heme, catalases A and T were present in the mutants, but that in its absence (growth on ergosterol and Tween 80) the apoproteins of these enzymes were not detectable. In contrast, cytochrome c peroxidase, and some of the subunits of cytochrome c oxidase are present in cells grown without heme (Saltzgaber-Muller, J., and Schatz, G. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 305-310). Other evidence suggests that absence of catalase T apoprotein under heme-less conditions may be due to control by heme of apoprotein synthesis (G. Ammerer and H. Ruis, unpublished results), rather than increased proteolytic degradation. PMID- 6987228 TI - Effect of bacteriophage T4 nrd mutants on deoxyribonucleotide synthesis in vivo. PMID- 6987227 TI - The enzymes of the galactose cluster in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Purification and characterization of uridine diphosphoglucose 4-epimerase. AB - Uridine diphosphoglucose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to homogeneity with a yield of 30%. The purification procedure involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, streptomycin treatment, chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose and hydroxylapatite, and Bio-Gel A-0.5m gel filtration. With the purified enzyme preparation, Km and Vmax values for uridine diphosphogalactose were determined and found to be 0.22 mM and 1.26 mmol/h/mg of protein, respectively. The value of Vmax corresponds to a turnover rate of 3890 molecules of uridine diphosphogalactose converted to uridine diphosphoglucose/min/enzyme molecule. The pH optimum of the enzyme was found to be between 6.8 and 8.0. Amino acid analysis was carried out on the final preparation. Based on the result, the partial specific volume was calculated to be 0.74 ml/g. The NH2-terminal residue of the enzyme was studied by two different methods and found to be threonine. The molecular weight and subunit composition were determined by the combination of the sucrose density gradient centrifugation and gel filtration under nondissociating conditions, and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under dissociating conditions. The results indicated that the enzyme has a molecular weight of 183,000, consisting of two identical subunits. Each molecule of the native enzyme contained 1 molecule of NAD+. PMID- 6987229 TI - Primary structure of a histidine-rich proteolytic fragment of human ceruloplasmin. I. Amino acid sequence of the cyanogen bromide peptides. AB - A histidine-rich fragment, Cp F5, with a molecular weight of 18,650 was isolated from human ceruloplasmin. It consists of 159 amino acids and contains a possible copper-binding site. The sequence of the first 18 NH2-terminal residues of Cp F5 was determined by automated Edman degradation. Cp F5 was cleaved by cyanogen bromide to produce nine fragments of from 2 to 63 residues. The amino acid sequence of all of the cyanogen bromide fragments was investigated using automated and manual Edman degradation, the fragments being digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, staphylococcal protease, and pepsin as appropriate. The results, in conjunction with the data on the tryptic peptides reported in the accompanying paper (Kingston, I.B., Kingston, B.L., and Putnam, F.L. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 2886-2896), establish the complete amino acid sequence of Cp F5. PMID- 6987230 TI - Primary structure of a histidine-rich proteolytic fragment of human ceruloplasmin. II. Amino acid sequence of the tryptic peptides. AB - Amino acid sequence studies of tryptic peptides isolated from a histidine-rich fragment (Cp F5) of human ceruloplasmin are described. Nineteen tryptic peptides were isolated from unmodified Cp F5 and five tryptic peptides were isolated from citraconylated Cp F5. These peptides, together with the cyanogen bromide fragments reported previously, allowed the assembly of the complete sequence of Cp F5. The fragment has 159 residues and a molecular weight of 18,650; it lacks carbohydrate, is rich in histidine, and contains 1 free cysteine that may be part of a copper-binding site. Human ceruloplasmin is a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of about 130,000 that is readily cleaved to large fragments by proteolytic enzymes; the relationships of Cp F5 to intact ceruloplasmin and to structural subunits earlier proposed is described. Cp F5 probably is an intact globular domain that is attached to the COOH-terminal end of ceruloplasmin by a labile interdomain peptide bond. PMID- 6987231 TI - The status of glycolaldehyde in the biosynthesis of vitamin B6. AB - Competition experiments, employing 14C-labeled samples of glycerol and glycolaldehyde, indicate that in Escherichia coli B there are two independent pathways leading to pyridoxal. In mutant WG2 (and therefore presumably also in the wild strain) the major pathway utilizes glycerol and related trioses as the sole carbon source in the construction of the C8N skeleton of pyridoxol: C-1, -3 of glycerol yields C-2', -3, -4', -5' and -6, C-2 of glycerol yields C-2, -4, and -5 of the vitamin. In the minor pathway glycolaldehyde and not glycerol supplies C-5 and C-5' of pyridoxol, while glycerol is the source of the other 6 carbon atoms. In mutant WG3 the major route is blocked and the "glycolaldehyde pathway" becomes the sole source of vitamin B6. PMID- 6987232 TI - Bacteriophage T5 transfer RNA. Isolation and characterization of tRNA species and refinement of the tRNA gene map. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory have provided a high resolution map for 16 tRNA genes located on the continuous heavy DNA strand of bacteriophage T5 DNA (Chen, M.-J., Locker, J., and Weiss, S.B. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 536-547). All of the T5 tRNA genes were located in three clusters within the DNA C segment, except for tRNAArg, which mapped on the left end of the DNA D segment (Desai, S.M., Hunt, C., Locker, J., and Weiss, S.B. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6544 6550). In this report, we present evidence for the presence of eight additional T5 tRNA species, five of which are located in two new loci within the DNA C segment. We also describe a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system for the separation and isolation of T5 tRNA species from crude infected RNA preparations. The gel electrophoresis system separates tRNA isoacceptors specific for different amino acids; evidence is presented that the isoacceptors for isoleucine, histidine, and serine are coded by different T5 genes. PMID- 6987233 TI - Implant-bone interface characteristics of bioglass dental implants. AB - Three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to determine the implant-bone interface characteristics of bioglass dental implants. The results of the FEA were verified by comparison with the results of mechanical testing performed on animal implant specimens. The results of the study showed that the assumption of a discontinuous change of elastic properties at the bone-implant interface was a poor assumption for the bioglass implants. Interface elastic moduli of 354.0, 155.0, and 47.0 MPa for conditions of 25, 50, and 100% tissue attachment were determined for the bioglass implants. PMID- 6987234 TI - Design of an artificial skin. I. Basic design principles. AB - Individuals who suffer extensive loss of skin, commonly in fires, are acutely ill, in danger of succumbing either to massive infection of to severe fluid loss. Patients who survive these early threats must often cope with problems of rehabilitation arising from deep, disfiguring scars and crippling contractures. In this report we describe the physiocochemical, biochemical, and mechanical considerations that form the basis for two-stage design of a membrane useful as an experimental wound closure. Stage I of the design, applicable to short-term acute use, calls for a membrane which displaces efficiently air pockets from a carefully prepared woundbed, free of weak boundary layers, and maintains the moisture flux through the wound at an optimal level. Optimization of the surface energy, modulus of elasticity, energy to fracture and moisture permeability of the membrane are among the essential attributes of Stage I design. Stage 2 of the design, applicable to long-term, chronic use, focuses on a nonantigenic membrane which performs as a biodegradable template for synthesis of neodermal tissue. A survey of candidate materials suggests reasons for selection of a porous, crosslinked collagen-glycosaminoglycan coprecipitate as the chemical basis of an evolving design which was initiated 10 years ago. Over the past several years a set of membranes has been iteratively designed on this basis and has been used to cover satisfactorily large experimental full-thickness skin wounds in guinea pigs. Such membranes have effectively protected these wounds from infection and fluid loss for over 25 days without rejection and without requiring change or other invasive manipulation. When appropriately designed for the purpose, the membranes have also strongly retarded wound contraction and have become replaced by newly synthesized, stable connective tissue. Several rules relating the molecular structure and morphology of these membranes to cellular response of adjacent tissue have also been derived. This report is the first in a series which details the methodology of preparation and the record of performance. PMID- 6987235 TI - Adhesive bonding of various materials to hard tooth tissues. XX. Calcium-to calcium distances in hydroxyapatite. AB - Distributions of Ca-to Ca distances have been obtained from the crystal structure of hydroxyapatite for all biologically significant planes. Most frequently, calcium ions are separated by about 4, 6.3, 7.9, and 9.0 to 9.6 A. Frequent occurrence of distances at 10.4, 11.8, and 12.6 A result from a Ca ion in one repeating unit being paired with a Ca in another unit cell. PMID- 6987236 TI - The guarded prognosis of physeal injury in paraplegic children. AB - Unrecognized injury of the physis in neurologically impaired children, followed by repetitive trauma due to lack of sensation, results in a bizarre roentgenographic appearance which may resemble that of osteomyelitis or a malignant tumor (sarcoma or leukemia). The prolonged process of injury and repair in the injured physis and adjacent metaphysis is similar to that seen in Charcot neuroarthropathy. Lack of awareness of these roentgenographic features resulted in unnecessary diagnostic biopsy in two of the nine patients with such fractures reported in this study. Delayed healing is characteristic of this lesion and is a result of inadequate immobilization and failure to restrict weight-bearing. Premature closure of the physis occurred in five of nine patients. Early recognition and adequate immobilization allow more normal healing of this unusual injury. PMID- 6987237 TI - Scaphocapitate fractures. Patterns of dislocation, mechanisms of injury, and preliminary results of treatment. PMID- 6987238 TI - Current concepts review. The treatment of spinal stenosis. PMID- 6987239 TI - Milton Strong Thompson, M.D. 1901--1979. PMID- 6987241 TI - Shigeru Sakakibara, 1910-1979. PMID- 6987240 TI - Diet and cancer. PMID- 6987242 TI - Complications associated with the use of the Fogarty balloon catheter. AB - Over the past eight years at the OMCH Fogarty balloon catheter have been used for one hundred instances of acute arterial occlusion and for twenty instances of venous thrombosis. Compication developed on seven occasions, three in the operation for arterial thrombosis and four during venous thrombectomy. Three types of complications in the arterial system were encountered: removal of intima with thrombi, arterial rupture and thrombotic occlusion due to dissection of intima. All of these complications were successfully treated with appropriate procedures. Two types of complications in the venous system were encountered: perforation of iliac vein by the tip of the catheter (3 cases) and loss of the balloon intravenously (1 case). In the former complicated group, the first case died of hemorrhagic shock, the second case recovered uneventfully without any procedures and the last case was successfully trated by operative hemostatic procedure. In the case of latter complication, it was not possible to remove the lost balloon in the left posterior tibial vein in spite of strenuous efforts to retrieve it. Detailed discussion for prevention or treatment of these complications was done chiefly based on our experience. PMID- 6987244 TI - Three-dimensional visualization of coated vesicle formation in fibroblasts. AB - Fibroblasts apparently ingest low density lipoproteins (LDL) by a selective mechanism of receptor-mediated endocytosis involving the formation of coated vesicles from the plasma membrane. However, it is not known exactly how coated vesicles collect LDL receptors and pinch off from the plasma membrane. In this report, the quick-freeze, deep-etch, rotary-replication method has been applied to fibroblasts; it displays with unusual clarity the coats that appear under the plasma membrane at the start of receptor-mediated endocytosis. These coats appear to be polygonal networks of 7-nm strands or struts arranged into 30-nm polygons, most of which are hexagons but some of which are 5- and 7-sided rings. The proportion of pentagons in each network increases as the coated area of the plasma membrane puckers up from its planar configuration (where the network is mostly hexagons) to its most sharply curved condition as a pinched-off coated vesicle. Coats around the smallest vesicles (which are icosahedrons of hexagons and pentagons) appear only slightly different from "empty coats" purified from homogenized brain, which are less symmetrical baskets containing more pentagons than hexagons. A search for structural intermediates in this coat transformation allows a test of T. Kanaseki and K. Kadota's (1969. J. Cell Biol. 42:202--220.) original idea that an internal rearrangement in this basketwork from hexagons to pentagons could "power" coated vesicle formation. The most noteworthy variations in the typical hexagonal honeycomb are focal juxtapositions of 5- and 7-sided polygons at points of partial contraction and curvature in the basketwork. These appear to precede complete contraction into individual pentagons completely surrounded by hexagons, which is the pattern that characterizes the final spherical baskets around coated vesicles. PMID- 6987243 TI - A unique malfunction of Cross-Jones mitral valve prosthesis. AB - This case report is concern with the death of a patient 20 months following mitral valve replacement. The disc of a Cross-Jones prosthesis escaped into the left atrium causing severe mitral insufficiency. Disc variance represents a potentially lethal complication and patients with disc valve prostheses should be examined frequently. When signs and symptoms of mechanical malfunction develop, the valve prosthesis should be replaced immediately to prevent sudden death. PMID- 6987246 TI - Distribution of tubulin-containing structures in the egg of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus from fertilization through first cleavage. AB - Eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy for tubulin-containing structures at intervals from fertilization through first cleavage. The staining revealed that the monaster is made up not only of the sperm aster but also of tubulin-staining fibers originating elsewhere in the egg. The monaster does not divide directly but is broken down first before the amphiaster or interphase asters begin to form. The interphase asters reach a peak of development at the streak stage and are in turn broken down before the formation of the mitotic apparatus. The breakdown of the monaster, interphase asters, as well as the asters of the mitotic apparatus proceeds from the cell center or aster centers to the periphery of the cell and is followed by growth of new asters, also proceeding outward from the aster centers. The pattern suggests a transient wavelike movement of some condition, or factor, which favors microtubule depolymerization. PMID- 6987245 TI - Comparison of intestinal brush-border 95-Kdalton polypeptide and alpha-actinins. AB - To explore the suggestion that alpha-actinin cross-links actin filaments to the microvillar membrane (Mooseker and Tilney, 1975, J. Cell Biol. 67:725--743; Mooseker, 1976, J. Cell Biol. 71-417--433), we have assessed the possible relatedness of alpha-actinin and the brush-border 95-kdalton protein by four independent criteria: antigenicity, mobility on SDS gels, extractability in nonionic detergents, and peptide maps. We have found that anti-chicken gizzard alpha-actinin stains the junctional complex region of intact cells (Craig and Pardo, 1979, J. Cell Biol. 80:203--210) but does not stain isolated brush borders even though these structures contain a 95-kdalton polypeptide. Lack of staining is not caused by failure of the antibody to penetrate, as antiactin stains both the terminal web and the microvilli of isolated brush borders. By the antibody SDS gel overlay technique, we have established that anti-gizzard alpha-actinin recognizes homologous molecules in chicken skeletal and cardiac muscles, as well as in intestinal epithelial cells, but fails to recognize the brush-border 95 kdalton polypeptide. Conversely, anti-95-kdalton polypeptide does not recognize gizzard alpha-actinin. On high-resolution SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, alpha-actinin and brush-border 95-kdalton protein exhibit distinct mobilities. The two proteins also differ in their ability to be extracted in nonionic mobilities. The two proteins also differ in their ability to be extracted in nonionic detergent: epithelial cell immunoreactive alpha-actinin is soluble in NP 40, whereas 95-kdalton protein is insoluble. Finally, two-dimensional peptide mapping of iodinated tryptic peptides, as well as one-dimensional fingerprinting of partial tryptic, chymotryptic, papain, and S. aureus V8 protease digests, have revealed less than 5% homology between gizzard alpha-actinin and brush-border 95 kdalton polypeptide. The data suggest that there is no major structural homology between gizzard alpha-actinin and brush-border 95-kdalton protein. We conclude that it is unlikely that alpha-actinin cross-links actin filaments to the microvillar membrane. PMID- 6987247 TI - Artificial carbohydrate antigens: synthesis of rhamnose trisaccharide and disaccharide haptens common to Shigella flexneri O-antigens. PMID- 6987248 TI - Jack Tizard 1919-1979. PMID- 6987249 TI - Paper ionophoresis of pancreatic islet phosphate esters in a magnesium-containing buffer. PMID- 6987250 TI - Impaired pancreatic polypeptide responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 6987251 TI - Plasma glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit in the neonate and in prepubertal and pubertal children: effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. PMID- 6987252 TI - A relationship between plasma renin activity and the rapid eye movement phase of sleep in man. AB - The possible influence of the central nervous system on renin release was investigated by simultaneously monitoring the PRA and the changes of the sleep wake cycle. Nine normal volunteers were studied, 2 of whom were subjected to an acute sleep reversal procedure. PRA exhibited marked intra- and intersubject variability. No consistent diurnal or ultradian rhythm was observed. The nocturnal variation in PRA, however, was associated with changes in the stage of sleep. The rapid eye movement (REM) phase correlated with a decrease in PRA. In the 9 subjects, 26 measurements were made during REM, all but 2 of which showed a drop compared to the level obtained in the immediately preceding sleep stage (P less than 0.001), by two-tailed t test). The mean decrease in PRA accompanying REM was 407 pg/ml.h, and the mean time for PRA to decrease by half after REM onset was 33 min, with a SE of 8 min. The sleep reversal procedure confirmed that REM was associated with decreased PRA even when sleep occurred at an unaccustomed time. REM is demonstrated by these findings to be temporally associated with a suppression of PRA. The rate of decrease of PRA after REM onset closely approximates the most recent estimations of PRA half-life, which suggests that REM onset is associated with a virtual cessation in renin production. PMID- 6987253 TI - Time-action characteristics of regular and NPH insulin in insulin-treated diabetics. AB - The time course of action of regular and NPH insulins injected sc was studied in 15 insulin-treated diabetics over a 24-h period during which they received a constant infusion of glucose. The blood glucose began to decline in 1.2 +/- 0.1 h (range, 0.5--2) and reached its nadir in 5.7 +/- 0.3 h (range, 4--8) after the sc injection of regular insulin. The peak effect of regular insulin usually persisted for several hours, and the total duration of action was 16.2 +/- 1.1 h (range, 9--24). Both the time of peak effect and the total duration of action were considerably prolonged compared to data provided in standard textbooks. Free insulin increased to a peak in 2.7 +/- 0.3 h (range, 1--4) after regular insulin injection and then returned to baseline by 8.8 +/- 0.96 h. Subcutaneous injection of NPH insulin decreased the blood glucose by 2.4 +/- 0.5 h (range, 1--7), with a maximal effect at 11.0 +/- 1.4 h (range, 5--19). The total duration of effect on blood glucose was 25.1 +/- 0.7 h (range, 20--29). These values are similar to those in standard textbooks. Although the total insulin levels increased after the injection of NPH insulin, there was very little if any elevation in free insulin. Recognition of the prolonged effect of regular insulin is important in establishing an insulin treatment regime for diabetic patients. PMID- 6987254 TI - Dwarfism associated with normal serum growth hormone and increased bioassayable, receptorassayable, and immunoassayable somatomedin. PMID- 6987255 TI - The influence of acute physiological increments of cortisol on fuel metabolism and insulin binding to monocytes in normal humans. AB - The role of physiological hypercortisolemia in the regulation of fuel metabolism in man was examined during a 5-h primed-continuous infusion of cortisol which raised plasma cortisol levels to 40 microgram/dl. Plasma glucose increased by 15- 20 mg/dl (P less than 0.005) in spite of unchanged rates of glucose production. Glucose uptake and clearance, on the other hand, fell by 15% (P less than 0.05) and 30% (P less than 0.005), respectively, thereby accounting for cortisol induced hyperglycemia. Total blood ketones during cortisol infusion increased 3 fold above saline control values (P less than 0.01) despite comparable FFA levels in the two groups. In addition, there was a selective 40% rise in total branched chain amino acids (P less than 0.005) during cortisol infusion. These effects of cortisol on glucose, ketone, and amino acid metabolism occurred in the absence of significant changes in the plasma insulin or glucagon concentration. Furthermore, cortisol infusion had no effect on [125I]insulin binding to circulating monocytes. Our data thus suggest that acute elevations of plasma cortisol have antiinsulin effects in man which may occur independent of alterations in insulin receptors. PMID- 6987256 TI - Acute effects of saralasin on plasma aldosterone in different pathophysiological conditions. PMID- 6987257 TI - Effect of ketone body infusion on plasma catecholamine and substrate concentrations during acute hypoglycemia in man. AB - Experimental studies have shown that ketone body infusion inhibits the catecholamine response to hypoglycemia. We have studied six men during insulin induced hypoglycemia who were concomitantly infused with saline or 3 hydroxybutyrate at dose rates of 4 and 13 mg/kg.min. The mean blood concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate increased to about 0.45 and 3 mmol/liter, respectively. The results show that the glucose response to insulin; hypoglycemic symptoms; and the adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol responses to hypoglycemia were not influenced by ketone infusion at any dose rate. PMID- 6987258 TI - Failure of naloxone to influence plasma growth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol secretions induced by insulin hypoglycemia. AB - The effect of naloxone, a specific antagonist of opioid peptides, on plasma, GH, PRL, and cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was studied in five healthy male subjects. The iv administration of regular insulin (0.15 U/kg) led to similar degrees of hypoglycemia on control and experimental days. Plasma GH, PRL, and cortisol levels rose significantly in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. A 2-h infusion of naloxone (0.8 mg/h) started 30 min before insulin injection did not alter either basal hormone levels or the hormone responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. These results suggest that endogenous opioid peptides do not play a major role in GH, PRL, or cortisol secretion induced by insulin hypoglycemia. PMID- 6987259 TI - Physiological doses of secretin do not stimulate acute insulin release. AB - To study the effect of physiological increments in plasma secretin concentrations on basal and glucose-stimulated insulin release, bolus iv glucose injections (5 g) were given to normal weight volunteers (less than 108% ideal BW) before, during, and 30 min after a secretin infusion at a rate of 0.125 U/kg.h, raising mean plasma immunoreactive secretin to 35.5 +/- 8.3 pg/ml. Acute insulin responses to glucose were unaffected during or after the secretin infusion. Furthermore, when plasma glucose was elevated to postprandial levels (128--165 mg/dl), a similar secretin infusion also failed to alter acute insulin responses. In addition, no changes in basal glucose or insulin levels were found when endogenous secretin concentrations were increased by intraduodenal acid infusion. Thus, increases in plasma secretin to concentrations seen in the postprandial state fail to alter acute insulin secretion. It is unlikely that secretin plays any role in the intestinal stimulation of insulin secretion. PMID- 6987260 TI - Robert H. Williams. PMID- 6987261 TI - Serotypes of group B streptococci and their relation to hyaluronidase production and hydrolysis of salicin. AB - A total of 252 strains of group B streptococci were serotyped and examined for their ability to ferment lactose (lac+), to hydrolyze salicin (sal+), and to produce hyaluronidase (hy+). Of these strains, 67 had been isolated from bacteremia and meningitis in infants less than 2 months old. Eighty-one strains were isolated from bacteremia and meningitis in adults, and 104 strains were from various other infections. Type III was the most common in neonatal disease, especially if isolates from cases of bacteremia in infants less than 10 days of age were not included. Only 6% of the strains were lac+. Sal+/hy+ strains were never type III, but 91% of the strains belonging to the other serotypes were sal+/hy/. Results showed that 81% of the sal+/hy- strains and 95% of the sal-/hy+ strains were type III, and sal-/hy+ strains were more than twice as frequent as sal+/hy- strains in serious neonatal infections, in contrast to the other two disease groups, in which the opposite was found to be the case. These reactions may be used as additional markers in epidemiological studies. PMID- 6987263 TI - Some characteristics of a new multiple-channel photometer for through-the-plate reading of microplates to be used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - The performance of a prototype of a now commercially available multiple-channel photometer for high-speed reading of microplates to be used in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was evaluated. For this purpose the extinction of a stable test liquid dispensed in flat-bottomed polystyrene microplates was measured, varying the test volume and the optical density. From the results obtained for dilutions of a single, biolgoically inactive material we concluded that the photometric inaccuracy is negligible when performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with biologically active samples. PMID- 6987262 TI - Nonvalue of cold enrichment of stools for isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes 3 and 9 from patients. AB - During an 8-year period 14,092 fecal specimens and 1,428 excised appendixes were examined for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica, with different combinations of direct plating media and enrichment techniques. The combination of direct plating on SS agar and 2 days of enrichment in a modified Rappaport broth at room temperature resulted in the isolation of 100% of serotype 3 and 9 strains. Such strains were recovered from 3.7% of our fecal specimens. Cold enrichment in phosphate buffer further increased the isolation rate, but the additional isolates all belonged to biotype 1. Evidence is presented that biotype 1 strains, at least in Belgium, are not pathogenic for humans. There was a significant affinity of serotype 9 strains for patients suffering from an "appendicular syndrome." PMID- 6987264 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica in adults with gastrointestinal disturbances: need for cold enrichment. AB - In a survey of hospitalized adults, cold enrichment of feces resulted in an incidence rate of Yersinia enterocolitica equal to that of Salmonella spp. Y. enterocolitica was not recovered by routine procedures. PMID- 6987265 TI - Potentiation of cholecystokinin-induced exocrine secretion by both exogenous and endogenous insulin in isolated and perfused rat pancreata. AB - Using an isolated perfused rat pancreas preparation, the interrelationship between the endocrine and exocrine portions of the pancreas were studied. Addition of exogenous rat insulin (1-20 mU/ml) to the perfusing solution potentiated the action of cholecystokinin (CCK) (1 mU/ml) to increase both pancreatic juice flow and the release of the enzyme, amylase. Raising the glucose concentration in the perfusing solution from 2.5 to 17.5 mM both increased endogenous insulin release and potentiated the CCK-induced exocrine secretory response. Two lines of evidence indicated that this effect of glucose on the exocrine pancreas was mediated by endogenous insulin release. First, the addition of comparable amounts of xylose or galactose to the perfusion medium neither released insulin nor potentiated the CCK-induced response. Second, epinephrine blocked the effect of high glucose on both insulin release and potentiation of CCK action. Epinephrine alone did not affect the action of CCK. The magnitude of the exocrine response induced by high glucose was comparable to that of 2.5 mU/ml exogenous insulin. It seems possible that pancreatic acinar cells can be exposed to insulin levels of this magnitude in situ. PMID- 6987266 TI - Concentration of myo-inositol in skeletal muscle of the rat occurs without active transport. AB - The cellular uptake of nonphosphorylated myo-inositol (MI) and its incorporation into phosphoinositide in the rat epitrochlearis muscle was measured. Cellular uptake of [2-(3)H]MI was determined by the difference between total uptake and [2 (3)H]MI present in the extracellular fluid determined with [1-(14)C]mannitol. Cellular uptake was parabolic and directly proportional to medium MI concentrations between 25 and 3,200 muM. Saturation of a MI carrier was not evident. Moreover, uptake was not inhibited by 2 mM ouabain, 0.3 mM 2,4 dinitrophenol, or 22 mM glucose. Insulin, 100 mU/ml, was without effect on either cellular uptake of [2-(3)H]MI or its incorporation into phosphoinositides. In muscles that were preloaded with [2-(3)H]MI and then incubated in media that contained a constant amount of MI but no [2-(3)H]MI, 44.3% of the [2-(3)H]MI was released after 10 min increasing to 62.5% by 120 min. Cellular MI concentrations were 0.18 mumol/g wet tissue (four times plasma levels) in rapidly isolated and frozen epitrochlearis muscle. When muscle was incubated without MI, 48% of endogenous MI was lost rapidly. Restoration of cellular MI in 50 muM MI media occurred in two phases, a rapid uptake phase lasting 10 min and a subsequent slow phase of MI uptake. It is concluded that MI enters and leaves skeletal muscle cells freely by a process that does not involve active transport. Neither insulin nor hyperglycemia affected MI transport nor its incorporation into phosphoinositides. The intracellular to medium concentration gradient may be dependent on reversible binding to tubulin and possibly to other intracellular components. PMID- 6987267 TI - Familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia. Evidence for a role of growth hormone deficiency in effecting its manifestation. AB - Hyperlipidemia associated with an isolated deficiency of growth hormone was investigated in 10 subjects with hypercholesterolemia consistently present over a 10-yr period. 8 of these 10 had serum triglyceride concentrations greater than 185 mg/dl. 13 growth hormone-deficient patients with normal serum lipids, 28 age matched controls, and 6 families possessing both growth hormone-deficient and hormonally normal members were also studied. Hyperlipidemia occurred with growth hormone deficiency only in families in which hormonally normal subjects likewise exhibited hyperlipidemia. However the elevation of serum lipids, particularly cholesterol, was invariably greater in the growth hormone-deficient members of these families. Studies were most consistent with the classification of this trait as familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia. Basal serum concentrations of insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids were similar in all groups. After oral glucose (1.5 g/kg of body wt) both hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic dwarfs exhibited a similar degree of glucose intolerance associated with insulinopenia. Sensitivity to insulin, assessed after the intravenous injection of insulin (0.05 U/kg of body wt), increased and was virtually identical in the two dwarf groups. Administration of 5 mg of human growth hormone twice a day for 1 wk to five subjects did not alter serum lipid patterns. The data provide no conclusive evidence concerning a direct effect of growth hormone deficiency on hyperlipoproteinemia. We postulate that in some individuals growth hormone deficiency may unmask an underlying defect in lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 6987268 TI - Human pulmonary endothelial cells in culture. Activities of cells from arteries and cells from veins. AB - Endothelial cells were cultured from various different human vessels, including aortas, pulmonary, ovarian, and umbilical arteries, and pulmonary, ovarian, and umbilical veins. The cultured cells were identified as endothelial cells by the presence of Factor VIII antigen and antiotensin I converting enzyme (kininase II). They retained these markers for at least five passages in culture, and some cells had them for seven passages or more. Endothelial cells from the various vessels were compared with respect to their ability to metabolize angiotensins I and II and bradykinin. Cells from arteries had three to five times the angiotensin I converting enzyme activity as cells from veins. The activity of angiotensinase A (aspartyl aminopeptidase) had a similar distribution, and cells from arteries were consistently more active than cells from veins. Cultures of endothelial cells from pulmonary and umbilical vessels formed prostacyclin in response to mechanical stimulation. Media from cell monolayers that were subjected to a change of medium and gentle agitation inhibited aggregation of human platelets. This inhibitory activity was generated within 2-5 min, and it was not formed by cells that were treated with indomethacin or tranylcypromine. Addition of prostaglandin (PG)H(2) to indomethacin-treated cells restored the ability to form the inhibitor, but cells treated with tranylcypromine were not responsive to PGH(2). In experiments where [(14)C]arachidonic acid was added to the cells before stimulation, the major metabolite identified by thin-layer chromatography was 6-keto PGF(1alpha). Thus, it appears that pulmonary endothelial cells, as well as umbilical cord cells, can form prostacyclin. In experiments comparing the ability of arterial and venous cells to form prostacyclin, arterial cells were more active than venous cells. These studies of cells from various human vessels suggest that the vascular origin of cultured endothelial cells determines how they metabolize vasoactive peptides and form prostacyclin. PMID- 6987269 TI - Consequences of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions upon insulin and glucagon secretion by subsequently isolated perfused pancreases in the rat. AB - The existence of a relationship between the ventromedial hypothalamic area (VMH) and the activity of the endocrine pancreas has been shown previously. This relationship has been further tested and extended in the present study, using isolated perfused pancreases from rats previously lesioned (4-7 d) in the VMH. It was found that in isolated pancreases obtained from rats fed ad lib. for 4 d after VMH lesions (i.e., that were hyperphagic), the typical biphasic pattern of insulin secretion was observed following glucose stimulation (20 mM) and that the total insulin output was much greater than that of controls. The increased insulin output was not a result of hyperphagia because similar results were obtained using pancreases obtained from VMH-lesioned rats in which a food restriction matching exactly that of control rats was started either immediately of 3 d after the lesions. Pancreases from such food-restricted VMH-lesioned rats oversecreted insulin, when compared with controls fed the same amount, from 7 mM of glucose concentration in perfusion medium onwards. After the addition of arginine (10 mM), the total output of glucagon by pancreases from food-restricted VMH-lesioned rats was twice that of controls. Qualitatively, the arginine-induced glucagon secretion by pancreases from food-restricted VMH-lesioned rats retained its biphasic pattern. Similarly, epinephrine (0.1 muM) elicited a greater glucagon release by pancreases from food-restricted VMH-lesioned rats when compared with controls. These data further support the concept of a link (as yet undefined) between the hypothalamus and the endocrine pancreas, as lesions of the VMH area resulted in abnormal secretion not only of insulin, but of glucagon as well. PMID- 6987271 TI - Sustained oscillations of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin from the isolated canine pancreas during exposure to a constant glucose concentration. AB - Canine pancreata were perfused in vitro to examine whether hormone cycles could be demonstrated without hepatic or central nervous influence. Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin demonstrated regular sustained cyclic secretion from the in vitro canine pancreas. Oscillations were noted for over 200 min during the infusion of a constant glucose concentration. Insulin demonstrated a 10-min period with a range of 8-12 min/cycle. Somatostatin had a 10-min period with a range of 8-11 min. Glucagon had a period of 8.6 min with range of 6-10 min. These periods do not allow glucagon to be consistently 90 degrees out of phase with insulin and somatostatin. When glucose was increased from 88 to 200 mg/dl, insulin cycles persisted but on an elevated base line, demonstrating that cycles react to glucose changes but are not dependent upon them. Cycles were disrupted by infusions of dopamine, apomorphine, epinephrine, and acetylcholine, but were reestablished. Autonomic blockade by both single and combined infusions of atropine (cholinergic), propranolol, and dibenzyline (adrenergic) had no effect on cycles. These results suggest that, in vitro, there is an intrinsic rhythm of hormone secretion by the pancreas despite a constant glucose level. The production of in vitro cycles requires the presence of a driving oscillator or pacemaker within the pancreas and the coordination of islets by pace-maker-islet communication, presumably by a non-adrenergic neural system. In vitro oscillations may Indicate that the pancreas is the driver or Zeitgeber of in vivo glucose-insulin cycles. PMID- 6987270 TI - Human apolipoprotein A-IV. Intestinal origin and distribution in plasma. AB - The role of the human intestine has been explored as a site of synthesis of apoA IV, a major apoprotein of human intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Intestinal biopsies were performed on normal volunteers while fasting and after lipid ingestion. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated a marked increase in immunofluorescence for apoA-IV during lipid absorption consistent with an increased intracellular content. ApoA-IV comprised 10-13% of chylomicron apoprotein and 24-30% of intestinal very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) as assessed by densitometry of sodium dodecyl sulfate gels of lipoproteins from chylous urine (mesenteric lymphatic-urinary fistula) and thoracic duct lymph (postoperative fistula). After one subject with chyluria ingested 40 g of corn oil, triglyceride excretion in urine was accompanied by an increased excretion of apoA-IV. 11.5 g of triglyceride and 81 mg of apoA-IV were recovered in the urine. In chylous urine 56% of apoA-IV was in the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons and intestinal VLDL) and 44% in the d > 1.006-g/ml fraction. Normal plasma apoA-IV was 15.7+/-0.9 mg/dl (n = 14) whereas four subjects with abetalipoproteinemia had reduced levels 1.2, 7.6, 9.6, and 8.3 mg/dl, respectively. Lipid feeding in normal volunteers resulted in a rise in plasma apoA-IV (16.1+/-0.7 mg/dl to 18.5+/-0.7 mg/dl, n = 5, P < 0.01). In fasting plasma, 98% of apoA-IV was in the d > 1.21-g/ml fraction. In lipemic plasma, 10% of apoA-IV was associated with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and 90% with the d > 1.21-g/ml fraction. Agarose column chromatography of fasting plasma confirmed that the bulk of plasma apoA-IV is free, unassociated with lipoproteins. These results demonstrate that apoA-IV is present in human intestinal epithelial cells and is secreted as a chylomicron and VLDL apoprotein. Within fasting plasma most of the apoA-IV is found free, unassociated with lipoproteins. After lipid ingestion apoA-IV is also found in plasma chylomicrons indicating that some apoA IV remains associated with chylomicrons in plasma during chylomicron metabolism, although some may be transferred from the chylomicron surface. PMID- 6987272 TI - Improved economics of HBsAg screening with commercial radioimmunoassay reagents. AB - Commercial 125I anti-HBs was processed to yield a sixfold improvement in economy without significant loss of sensitivity or specificity. Additional polystyrene beads were coupled with commercially supplied anti-HBs. The modified assay (Mod RIA) was compared with commercial RIA, EIA, and RPHA using established HBsAg panels. Mod-RIA was also compared with HEPATEST (RPHA) for screening 71 200 fresh blood donations during an 11.5-month period. PMID- 6987273 TI - Counter immunoelectrophoresis as a rapid screening test for amoebic liver abscess. AB - Counter immunoelectrophoresis using cellulose acetate as the supporting medium was used as a rapid screening test for amoebic abscess. All the sera from 40 cases gave positive results. No false positives were obtained, but the results in intestinal amoebiasis were less reliable. An attempt was made to account for discrepancies in previous reports. PMID- 6987274 TI - Automated methods for identification of bacteria from clinical specimens. AB - Automated methods for measuring enzyme activities of bacterial suspensions in saline are described. The methods were applied to bacteria cultured from urine specimens, and specific enzyme profiles characteristic for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Proteus sp, and Pseudomonas sp were established. Identification of 294 freshly isolated strains by automated and conventional methods were compared. Results from automated identification based on eight enzyme tests and assay of protein content, all performed on a bacterial suspension made from one colony in 1 ml of saline, agreed 100% with those obtained by conventional methods. Identification was achieved in 6 hours. PMID- 6987275 TI - A shortened scheme for the identification of indifferent streptococci. AB - A shortened biochemical scheme was devised for the reliable identification of the 'viridans' streptococci. It compared favourably with the classical identification system of Colman and could be recommended for use in the busy routine laboratory to investigate streptococcal isolates from clinical sources. PMID- 6987276 TI - Use of the API-ZYM system in rapid identification of alpha and non-haemolytic streptococci. AB - The API-ZYM method of detecting enzymes was tested using 99 streptococci isolated from clinical material and 14 type species obtained from the National Collection of Type Cultures. We found the method easy and reliable. The results obtained indicate that this method could be a useful identification system in busy routine clinical laboratories. PMID- 6987277 TI - Significance of bacterial and white cell counts in midstream urines. AB - The results of cultures carried out on urine collected by a midstream technique (MSU) have been compared with the results of cultures of urine collected by suprapubic bladder aspiration (SPA) in the same 903 patients. Comparisons indicate that when there are more than 100 x 10(6)/l (100 000/ml) Gram-negative bacteria in the midstream urine this finding is confirmed by suprapubic aspiration in 92% of patients, and in 70% when the urine contained this number of Gram-positive bacteria. When the culture contained more than one species (mixed organisms), the presence of infection was confirmed in only 11%. When there were 10-100 x 10(6)/l bacteria in the MSU the finding of Gram-negative bacilli still indicated urinary infection in 74% of patients, but the presence of Gram-positive organisms was confirmed in only 30% and mixed organisms in 2%. In asymptomatic patients, the presence of white cells in the urine was not helpful in confirming the diagnosis of infection. The nature of the organism found in the MSU is almost as important as the number of bacteria in assessing the validity of the result. PMID- 6987278 TI - Multiple selective media for the isolation of anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens. AB - Using fresh clinical material, a comparison of a number of anaerobic selective media was made. For Gram-negative anaerobes nalidixic acid tween agar (NAT), neomycin agar (NA), and neomycin-vancomycin agar (NVA) all performed equally well. Kanamycin-containing media were more inhibitory to all Gram-negative anaerobes other than Bacteroides fragilis and B. melaninogenicus. When the recovery of Gram-positive anaerobes was examined NAT performed better than any of the other selective media used. No single selective medium could recover all anaerobes. Better isolation was achieved using a combination of two selective media (the best combinations being NAT and NVA or NAT and NA). Only a combination of three selective media gave the maximum recovery of anaerobes in this study (NAT, NVA, and NA or KA). PMID- 6987280 TI - Demarcation of antigen preparations on object slides in the immunofluorescent antibody test. PMID- 6987279 TI - Bacteriological examination of pus from abscesses of the central nervous system. AB - The methods used successfully to examine pus from abscesses of the central nervous system are described. The association between direct inoculation of intracranial pus into a liquid anaerobic culture medium and the isolation of viable bacteria is emphasised. Cultural methods for the recognition of the streptococci associated with brain abscess and methods for the assay of antimicrobial drugs in pus are presented. The role of gas liquid chromatography is discussed. PMID- 6987281 TI - Immunoperoxidase method for detection of immunoglobulins. PMID- 6987283 TI - Amelanotic melanoma or poorly differentiated melanoma? PMID- 6987282 TI - Hemodynamic effect of propranolol therapy in relationship to renin status and plasma catecholamines in primary hypertension. PMID- 6987284 TI - Effects of administration of nicotinic acid on glucose, insulin, and glucose tolerance in ruminants. AB - Effects of nicotinic acid on glucose metabolism were studied in a series of experiments with goats. Oral administration of single doses of nicotinic acid (6.5 to 17.0 g) elevated blood glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated insulin. The magnitude of the effects was related positively to nicotinic acid dosage. Maximum effect occurred 2 to 3 days after administration. Blood glucose was elevated, with or without glucose administration, despite markedly elevated insulin. However, exogenous insulin given 48 h after nicotinic acid still reduced blood glucose although the response was delayed and was less than in control animals. A lactating cow given 160 g nicotinic acid exhibited alterations in glucose metabolism similar to control animals. These studies demonstrate that nicotinic acid, in addition to previously reported effects on lipid metabolism, also has significant effects on carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 6987285 TI - Effect of cyanoacrylate treatment of cavity walls. AB - Cyanoacrylate treatment of the cavity wall for composite resin restoration failed to keep adhesion when set, but the marginal closure improved markedly both in vivo and vitro, even when thermal-cycled. It irritated the pulp slightly only at the beginning. Ethylcyanoacrylate was superior to methylcyanoacrylate in regard to adhesion, leakage and pulp response. PMID- 6987287 TI - Decreased vasoconstrictor content in local anesthetic cartridges exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. PMID- 6987286 TI - Metabolism of arachidonic acid in inflamed human gingivae. I.: Formation of 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. AB - Incubation of [14C]-arachidonic acid with slices of inflamed human gingivae in the absence of glutathione resulted in formation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable hydrolytic product of prostacyclin. Significantly smaller amounts of this product were obtained when normal gingivae were treated in a similar manner. The formation of prostacyclin in inflamed gingivae may play an important role in alveolar bone resorption and as a mediator of inflammation in periodontal disease. PMID- 6987288 TI - Reliability of scaling error detection. AB - Reliability of scaling error detection among dental hygiene instructors is a basis for grade equity. This study tested statistically (ANOVA) grading reliability and variance factors using ten students' scaling performance scores while treating 34 patients. Nine instructors were grouped according to experience, and the patients were grouped according to four difficulty levels. The interinstructor differences were significant in the inexperienced group only. Variance analysis implied that 26 to 94 percent of the grade given is due to instructor differences rather than the students' performances. Experienced graduate students graded most consistently (26 percent of variance due to instructor differences) while faculty were less consistent (64 percent) and inexperienced graduate students exhibited marked inconsistency (94 percent). Error detection appeared to be more closely related to the instructors' educational background than to experience. Results of the study suggest the need for clinical rotation of instructors as well as for instructor calibration. PMID- 6987290 TI - Clearance of the synthetic prostaglandin cloprostenol ("Estrumate") from the milk of cows. PMID- 6987289 TI - [Role of lipids and fatty acids in microbial cells]. PMID- 6987291 TI - A controlled study of the effectiveness of the Rinkel method of immunotherapy for ragweed pollen hay fever. AB - In a double-blind study, we compared the effects of the Rinkel method of immunotherapy with ragweed pollen extract and placebo on symptoms of ragweed hay fever and immunologic parameters in 24 ragweed-sensitive patients. Each had a skin-test end point by Rinkel serial dilution titration to ragweed pollen extract at 1:312,500 w/v or greater dilution, a 2 + skin test to ragweed AgE at 0.1 microgram /ml or greater dilution, and in vitro leukocyte histamine release by ragweed pollen extract. None had had immunotherapy for at least 7 yr. Patients matched on the basis of leukocyte histamine release by ragweed were assigned to two treatment groups (12 patients in each group). One group received ragweed pollen extract, and the other, placebo, both administered by the Rinkel method between June and October, 1978. Treatment doses were derived from skin-test end points. The median maintenance ("optimal dose") for patients receiving ragweed pollen extract was 0.53 ml of 1:312,500 w/v and the mean cumulative dose of ragweed pollen extract given during the study contained 0.094 micrograms of ragweed AgE. Symptom-medication scores of all patients rose and fell with ragweed pollen counts. No significant differences were observed in mean daily symptom medication scores, antiragweed IgG or IgE levels, leukocyte histamine release by ragweed, total IgE levels, or skin-test end-point dilutions with ragweed pollen extract between the group receiving ragweed pollen extract and the group receiving placebo. Despite the absence of specific effect on symptom-medication scores and measured immunologic variates, 10 3f the 12 ragweed-treated patients and 10 of the 12 placebo-treated patients were of the opinion that their hay fever symptoms during the ragweed pollen season were less severe in 1978 than in 1977 and that they had been helped by Rinkel method immunotherapy. Under the conditions of the study, Rinkel method immunotherapy with ragweed pollen extract was no more effective than placebo given in an imitation of the Rinkel method. PMID- 6987292 TI - In memoriam: Francis Cabot Lowell (1909-1979). PMID- 6987293 TI - A distraction method for lengthening of the finger metacarpals: a preliminary report. PMID- 6987294 TI - Enuresis: the beginning work--what really happened. AB - The harmless, inexpensive, and effective method of treating enuresis (bed wetting) described in this paper was developed more than forty years ago, yet dangerous, brutal, and ineffective methods of toilet training continue to be widely used. This article has therefore been prepared, not only because of historical considerations, but also in the hope of substantially increasing its usage, with benefit to enuretic children (adolescents, even some adults) and their families, far and wide. This article is not copyrighted, and the simple apparatus required for the type of training here described is not patented. PMID- 6987295 TI - Mind-body concepts in the Middle Ages: part II. The Moslem influence, the great theological systems, and cultural attitudes toward the mentally ill in the late Middle Ages. PMID- 6987296 TI - Airborne non-sporeforming anaerobic bacteria. AB - A large proportion of postoperative infections after clean surgery are thought to be exogenous. For aerobic bacteria different routes of transmission have been thoroughly studied. Airborne infection has been considered very important in infections after total hip replacement (Charnley, 1972). Anaerobic non-sporing bacteria have been found in deep late infections after total hip replacement (Kamme et al. 1974; Schwan et al. 1977; Petrini, Nord & Welin-Berger, 1978). However, infections caused by anaerobic bacteria have been considered endogenous, and little is known about the routes of transmission for these bacteria. The aim of this investigation has been to study the survival of anaerobic non sporeforming bacteria in the air and environment to make it possible to study their routes of transmission in the operating room later. PMID- 6987298 TI - The epidemiological type identification of Serratia marcescens from outbreaks of infection in hospitals. AB - A study of serological, bacteriocine and phage typing of Serratia marcescens was made. Specific O-antisera of adequate titre were relatively simple to prepare but H-antisera exhibited many heterologous agglutination reactions amongst the type strains. Most of these cross-reactions were not reproduced when immobilization tests with H-sera were performed. Direct haemagglutination tests were used to establish the presence of fimbriae amongst the H-type strains and the results of agglutination tests with non-fimbriate variants of strains indicated that fimbrial antibody in high titre was present in some sera. Replicate typing of 100 pairs of cultures by the phage-typing method indicated that small variations in pattern were common and that larger variations occurred occasionally. Therefore differences in pattern of less than two strong reactions should not be taken as evidence that strains can be distinguished. Cultures of S. marcescens, 273 in total, from six outbreaks of infection in British and European hospitals were typed by O-serology, H agglutination and immobilization tests, phage typing and bacteriocine susceptibility by a cross-streaking method. The typability of strains by each method was high but the results suggested that no single method was sufficiently discriminating to be used alone for typing. Comparison of the H type and typing patterns of members of the same O serogroup from incidents of infection showed that reliable results were obtained by H-typing or by phage and bacteriocine typing after the application of the appropriate 'difference' rule. The greatest discrimination between strains of the same O-group was obtained by the use of H-typing or phage typing. PMID- 6987299 TI - An investigation of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in the wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus in Victoria, Australia. AB - Sera from 823 wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) collected from a number of geographic regions of Victoria, Australia over the past eight years were examined for antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi, along with sera from 46 hares (Lepus europaeus) (Pallas) and 57 New Zealand wild rabbits. No sera were positive, implying that this common laboratory rabbit parasite is absent from wild rabbits in these areas. However, wild rabbits were found to be readily infected by the oral route with small numbers of tissue-culture-grown spores of E. cuniculi. A possible explanation for the absence of encephalitozoonosis in wild rabbits is that E. cuniculi infection places them at a biological disadvantage for survival. The natural hygiene habit of wild rabbits may also significantly decrease post natal infection. PMID- 6987297 TI - Rubella antibody measured by radial haemolysis. Characteristics and performance of a simple screening method for use in diagnostic laboratories. AB - A simple method for preparing radial haemolysis gels for rubella antibody screening is described. In use it gave clear zones of haemolysis when a standard serum was tested at dilutions down to 5.6 i.u./ml rubella antibody. In five laboratories 8404 sera were screened by the method and the results were read by comparing zones of haemolysis with that of a standard serum diluted to contain 15 i.u/ml antibody. A zone greater than or equal to 15 i.u./ml, indicating immunity, was given by 7433 (88.4%) of the sera. No zone indicating susceptibility was seen with 748 (8.9%) sera. Small zones, less than 15 i.u./ml standard, were given by 189 (2.2%) sera, and in only 34 cases (0.4%) did non-specific haemolysis interfere with the test readings. Further testing of the radial haemolysis interfere with the test readings. Further testing of the radial haemolysis negative and low positive sera by the haemagglutination inhibition test gave rise to some discrepant results which are discussed. PMID- 6987301 TI - Age-sex distribution of Toxoplasma antibody in the South Australian population. AB - Sera from 1071 patients in nine age categories were screened for Toxoplasma antibody by indirect immunofluorescence. Thirty per cent of the sera contained antibody at a titre greater than or equal to 1/16. The percentage of sera containing antibody rose from 3% in the 6 months--5 years age group to a maximum of about 40% in the 31--40 years age group. It remained constant thereafter. Eleven per cent of the 84 sera with Toxoplasma antibody titres greater than or equal to 1/128 had Toxoplasma IgM titres greater than or equal to 1/32. No significant difference was found in the possession of antibody between the sexes. PMID- 6987302 TI - Therapeutic dietetics since the inception of the National Health Service. A review. PMID- 6987300 TI - The identification of gram-negative anaerobic bacilli isolated from clinical infections. AB - Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli isolated from specimens submitted to the routine diagnostic bacteriology laboratory and regarded as significant pathogens were identified by conventional bacteriological tests; 399 strains isolated from 356 specimens submitted from 332 patients were studied and most were readily identified by the results of a combined set of morphological, biochemical, tolerance and antibiotic disk resistance tests; B. fragilis has particular pathogenic potential and was the commonest species isolated, accounting for greater than 50% of strains. The next commonest was B. asaccharolyticus with 55 strains, and 16 other species or groups were represented by smaller numbers. Many (68%) were from infections related to the gastro-intestinal tract, but there were significant numbers from infections of the male and female genito-urinary tracts, the head, neck and central nervous system and from a variety of soft tissue infections. Most infections were mixed, and a pure culture of a Bacteroides sp. was obtained from only 26% of infections; two or more strains of Bacteroides were recovered from 55 infections. The specific identification of Bacteroides may help the bacteriologist to judge the significance of laboratory findings, influence the patient's management and prognosis and help determine the source of infection. PMID- 6987304 TI - HDL - should we be 'chasing' it now? AB - Although 'within defined population groups the association of low HDL level with increased coronary risk seems to be established', the author concludes 'The inverse relation between plasma HDL level and risk of CHD remains a phenomenon that we cannot explain in scientific terms'. PMID- 6987305 TI - Effects of N alpha-tosyl-L-lysyl-chloromethylketone on the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6987303 TI - Cereal foods today and tomorrow. AB - The present place of cereal foods in the UK diet is assessed. In particular, the role of wheat and of bread white or brown in providing nutrients is reviewed. An examination is carried out of the forces--including nutritional and medical suggestions that the health of the nation would benefit from increased use of 'unrefined' cereals--which favour or inhibit change in future production and consumption of cereals in the UK. PMID- 6987306 TI - Defective tumoricidal capacity of macrophages from A/J mice. III. Genetic analysis of the macrophage defect. PMID- 6987308 TI - Differential sensitivity of IgG memory subpopulations to allogeneic thymocytes: positive and negative signals. PMID- 6987307 TI - Separation of a serum-derived tumoricidal factor from a helper factor for plaque forming cells. AB - C3H/HeN mice administered BCG followed by lipopolysaccharide 14 days later released into their serum a cytotoxic factor for tumor cells and a factor that restored the anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell response of nude mouse spleen cells (helper activity). Gel filtration of serum containing the cytotoxic and the helper activities indicated that both factors exhibited an apparent m.w. of 125,000 to 150,000. The helper activity was also found at lower m.w. (60,000 and 13,000) suggesting the possibility that this factor existed in aggregated forms. Gel filtration of ammonium sulfate (40 to 60% saturation) precipitated serum in a high ionic strength buffer (1.6 M NaCl) resulted in shifts in the apparent m.w. of both factors. The cytotoxic factor now exhibited a m.w. of 55,000. The helper activity eluted with an apparent m.w. of 13,000, and thus was clearly separated from the cytotoxic factor. The helper activity was further shown to co-elute with macrophage-derived lymphocyte activating factor (LAF). This as well as other data represent the first demonstration of in vivo produced LAF. PMID- 6987309 TI - Bactericidal activity of eosinophil peroxidase. AB - A partially purified preparation of guinea pig eosinophil peroxidase was found to be bactericidal when combined with H2O2 and either iodide, bromide, chloride, or thiocyanate ions. The EPO-H2O2-halide bactericidal system had an acid pH optimum and was inhibited by the proteins albumin and gelatin and by the hemeprotein inhibitors azide, cyanide, and aminotriazole. When the EPO concentration of the reaction mixture was lowered, the bactericidal effect at pH 7.0 was lost first with chloride, then with bromide, and finally with iodide as the halide. Activity with physiologic concentrations of chloride was favored by a relatively high EPO level, a decrease in pH below neutrality and an absence of extraneous protein. These findings are discussed in relation to the potential role of the peroxidase system in the intracellular and extracellular toxic reactions of eosinophils. PMID- 6987310 TI - Binding of eosinophil peroxidase to mast cell granules with retention of peroxidatic activity. AB - Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and to a lesser degree neutrophil peroxidase (myeloperoxidase, MPO) bound tightly to mast cell granules (MCG), particularly when the latter were depleted of histamine by suspension in physiologic salt solutions. The bound EPO was localized on the surface of the granule, and its dissociation required salt concentrations of high enough ionic strength (greater than 0.75 M) to solubilize the MCG matrix. Elution of MPO from the complex occurred at a lower salt concentration. The MCG/EPO complex retained the capacity of the isolated EPO to catalyze the iodination reaction when supplemented with iodide, H2O2, and a protein acceptor and to kill microorganisms when supplemented with H2O2 and a halide (iodide, chloride). Indeed, the MCG/EPO complex had significantly greater iodinating and bactericidal activity than the free enzyme when standardized to equal guaiacol units of peroxidase activity. Thus, in areas of inflammation where mast cells and phagocytic leukocytes coexist, there is the potential for the formation of active complexes extracellularly between mast cell granules and molecules such as EPO (or MPO) that can affect the inflammatory response. PMID- 6987311 TI - A mature T lymphocyte marker closely linked to Igh-1 that is expressed on the precursor for the suppressor T cell regulating a primary response to SRBC. AB - The product of a new genetic locus closely linked to Igh-1 in the mouse has previously been shown to be expressed on T cells by using an in vitro fluorescent antibody assay. In vivo studies reported here show the determinant coded for by that locus is expressed in unimmunized animals on the precursor for a suppressor T cell regulating a primary response to SRBC. Antisera raised in allotype congenic animals by immunization with suppressor T cells (Ts) for the ARS.CRI stimulate Lyt2+3+ suppressor cells for unrelated antigens. The suppressive effects of the serum can be absorbed with T cells but not with B cells. Suppression of an IgM PFC response in allotype congenic animals confirms close linkage of the marker to Igh-1 but not to H-2. This determinant is expressed on Ts cells for many antigens and may represent a heavy chain linked "constant" portion of the antigen-specific receptor. PMID- 6987312 TI - Quantitative determination of rheumatoid factor by an enzyme-labeled immunoassay. AB - The presence and quantity of rheumatoid factor (RF) in human serum were determined by an indirect enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). A human rheumatoid factor control serum, standardized against the WHO reference rheumatoid arthritis serum preparation, was used to derive a standard curve in each assay. The results of unknowns were estimated from the standard curve and reported in International Units (IU) per milliliter (ml). The ELISA assay was compared with the bentonite flocculation test. The overall coefficient of correlation between the two assays was 87%; it was 93.3% for patients with rheumatoid arthritis but only 67.5% for patients with undiagnosed conditions. The error of the ELISA assay (coefficient of variation) was generally less than 10% at both high and low concentrations of rheumatoid factor. The quantitative reproducible nature of the assay allows the detection of small variations of rheumatoid factor level and could be useful in the serial evaluation of patients. PMID- 6987313 TI - A solid-phase antibody binding-inhibition test, for the assay of Plasmodium berghei antigen and antibodies, using radioiodinated protein A. AB - Sonicated red blood cells (RBC) of rats infected with Plasmodium berghei (Pb) were used to coat plastic tubes with Pb antigens. The antigen-coated tubes were employed to detect Pb antigens and antibodies, with high efficiency. Anti-Pb antibodies were estimated by treating the tubes with rabbit or rat anti-Pb sera and assaying the bound Ig with radiolabeled Staphylococcus PrA. Pb antigens were detected by their capacity to inhibit the binding of the anti-Pb antibodies. Using a rabbit-Pb serum, sonicated, infected RBC (50% parasitemia) gave detectable inhibition up to 1 : 106 dilution. PMID- 6987314 TI - An immunoenzyme assay for quantitation of human IgG antibodies to honeybee venom phospholipase A2. AB - A new method to measure the concentrations of IgG antibodies to phospholipase A2 in sera from patients treated with honeybee venom immunotherapy is described. This method utilizes a microcentrifugal analyzer to detect inhibition of PLA2 enzymatic activity by antibodies in serum standards and unknowns. Sera from beekeepers with known concentrations of specific antibodies, measured by radioimmunoprecipitation, were used to construct a logit-log standard curve for the immunoenzyme assay. The standard curve was linear for concentrations between 2.3 and 20.0 microgram/ml. The concentrations of specific antibodies measured by enzyme inhibition correlated well with the concentrations as measured by radioimmunoprecipitation, r = 0.959 (least squares linear regression), n = 32. Interassay variation was 10.1% at 10 microgram/ml. The immunoenzyme method is rapid and does not require radiolabeled reagents. PMID- 6987315 TI - The haemolytic plaque assay in carp (Cyprinus carpio). AB - A haemolytic plaque assay for the enumeration of antibody forming cells in the carp (Cyprinus carpio) is described. Serum of bream (Abramis brama) turned out to be a more reliable complement source than allogeneic carp serum. The addition of 3--5% bream serum to a mixture of immune lymphoid carp cells and xenogeneic erythrocytes gave optimal results. Higher amounts of bream complement inhibited plaque formation. Plaque formation was also suppressed when inactive or heat inactivated bream or carp serum was added to a mixture containing normal bream complement. PMID- 6987316 TI - Morphology of corneocytes from human nail plates. AB - A technique is described which permits the isolation of individual corneocytes from the superficial layers of the human nail plates. Tesa-film D is used to strip off the cells. The tape is mounted on a glass slide, stained with a mixture of methylene blue and rhodamine B. The parameters were size (surface mu2), shape (regular, irregular), nuclear inclusions and trabeculae. Specimens were obtained from 3 groups of patients (finger- and toe nails): (1) 60 healthy subjects with normal nails, males and females, in 3 age-groups (babies, adults, aged); (2) 10 patients with fast growing nails with psoriasis vulgaris and psoriatic nail involvement; (3) 9 patients with slow growing nails with lichen planus with nail involvement including one patient with Zinser-Engman-Cole-syndrome (dyskeratosis congenita). The nail growth rate was determined with a dissecting microscope technique. Corneocytes of the dorsal nail plates of normal nails are of irregular polyedrical shape, not nucleated and show distinct but irregular trabecular network. Within each age-group, corneocytes are of rather uniform size but increase significantly (p less than or equal to .001) with age (e.g., thumbin males: 597 vs. 920 vs. 1008 mu2). Accelerated nail plate growth results in smaller corneocytes, and slowed down nail plate growth in larger corneocytes. It is concluded that cell proliferation (and abnormal keratinization) has a measurable effect on the size of corneocytes from the nail plates. PMID- 6987317 TI - DNA flow cytometry on human epidermis: I. methodological studies on normal skin. AB - A method for single cell DNA measurements by flow cytometry based on a technique successfully used for the hamster cheek pouch epithelium was extended for studies on human epidermis. A least squares estimation procedure was used for the statistical analysis of the initially obtained DNA frequency distribution. In 14 specimens of abdominal skin from a young healthy female the precentages of epidermal cells with an S-phase DNA content were 3.0 +/- 0.6 (SD), and the percentages of epidermal cells with a G2+M phase DNA content 1.1 +/- 0.1 (SD). No significant differences in values were found for specimens investigated in different experiments. No influence of tissue storage time for a maximum of 32 days in liquid nitrogen was discernible. Values from the corresponding dermal tissue were significantly more variable then the epidermal values, but the levels were of the same magnitude. It is concluded that this technique used for human epidermis yields sufficient stable and accurate estimates of S and G2+M fractions that it should be a valuable tool useful as an alternative or a supplement to conventional cell kinetic methods. PMID- 6987318 TI - Aorta contains extractable immunosuppressant activity. AB - A low MW fraction (approximately 3500 to 10,000 daltons) extracted from bovine aorta exerted significant dose-dependent inhibition of both human and murine lymphocyte responses to the mitogen Con A. These results do not appear to be due to nonspecific cytotoxicity, since the established cell lines BHK-21 and L-929 cells are unaffected. The inhibition of mitogenic responsivity is dependent on the time at which the aortic extract fractions are added to the lymphoid cultures. This effect of aortic extracts does not result principally from protease inhibitors known to be present in these fractions, since removal of these molecules does not abrogate the inhibiting effects on mitogenic reactivity. Intraperitoneal administration to mice of the aortic low MW fraction substantially reduces primary and secondary humoral immune response to SRBC. PMID- 6987320 TI - Management of diabetic crisis by small doses of intramuscular insulin. PMID- 6987321 TI - Agenesis of the left lung associated with vertebral anormalies, fusion of rib and sacralization: report of a case. PMID- 6987322 TI - Im memoriam. Dr. Toyomi Sano, 1918-1979. PMID- 6987319 TI - Iron nitrilotriacetate--induced experimental diabetes in rats. AB - The etiology of diabetes in some conditions of iron overload is not known. We studied growth, glucose tolerance, and pancreatic islet cell morphology and cytochemistry in rats administered parenteral FeNTA. These rats developed glucosuria, slowing of growth with eventual weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, and death. They had normal fasting plasma glucose levels but decreased glucose tolerance and insulin response to glucose. Although no Prussian blue staining of iron was observed in pancreatic islets by light microscopy, at the ultrastructural level insulin-secreting beta-cells showed ferrin iron deposits localized to the plasmalemma and the cytoplasmic surface of secretory granule membranes. Prussian blue staining was also observed in parenchymal cells of the liver, heart, and kidney, in order of decreasing intensity. Animals treated with an equivalent dose of NTA, saline, or iron-dextran in saline had normal growth and response to glucose and did not exhibit pancreatic iron deposits at the light or ultrastructural level. These results support the hypothesis that iron affects pancreatic islet cell function and may be an etiologic agent of diabetes mellitus in hemochromatosis. PMID- 6987323 TI - Follicle-stimulating hormone release in hemicastrated prepubertal rams and its relationship to testicular development. AB - Hemicastration of rams at 1 week of age resulted in compensatory growth of the remaining testis. This was associated with an increase in the concentration of FSH in peripheral plasma which was maintained until the rams were approximately 10 weeks old. Plasma concentrations of LH were similar in both entire and hemicastrated lambs during this period. Pulsatile release of LH was observed in all rams from approximately 6 weeks of age onwards. The frequency of these pulses increased and the size of each pulse declined as the animals grew older. At 16 weeks pulsatile release was almost undetectable and the basal levels of LH had increased. The increased concentration of FSH in plasma was related to the size of the remaining testis but not to its development. The return of the plasma concentration of FSH to values similar to those found in entire rams preceded the appearance of a lumen or of any primary spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubules. Restricting the development of the remaining testis in hemicastrated rams, by trapping it in the inguinal region, did not alter the FSH response to hemicastration. The administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (10 microgram) at 10, 13 and 18 weeks of age provoked release of similar quantities of LH in both entire and hemicastrated rams. There was also a substantial release of FSH at 10 weeks of age but this response declined with age and by 18 weeks there was little FSH released in any of the animals. This loss of response occurred earlier in the hemicastrated rams. The data suggest that in prepubertal rams the release of FSH but not of LH is restricted by a substance produced by the developing Sertoli cells. PMID- 6987324 TI - Corticotrophin releasing activity in extracts of the stalk median eminence of Brattleboro rats. AB - The corticotrophin releasing (CRF) activity of stalk median eminence (SME) extracts from homozygous Brattleboro (DIhomo) rats was significantly less than that of the heterozygous (DIhet) rats which, in turn, was significantly less than normal (P less than 0.01). The bio- and immunoactivities of LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) were not significantly different. No detectable immunoactive vasopressin was found in DIhomo SME and the vasopressin content of DIhet SME was less than normal. Chromatography of an extract of SME from 20 DIhomo rats on BioGel P2 resulted in a loss of CRF activity and the emergence of two regions of CRF activity: the peak at the void volume of the column and the later eluting peak which also had some LH-RH bioactivity but no immunoactivity. The third and major CRF peak found in normal SME, which co-elutes with vasopressin, was absent from the DIhomo chromatogram. The DIhomo LH-RH chromatogram was normal. When synthetic arginine-vasopressin was added to Brattleboro SME in amounts equivalent to those found in normal SME the CRF bioactivity was dramatically potentiated. It was concluded that Brattleboro rats have a specific defect for CRF at the hypothalamic level and this appears to be genetically linked to the synthesis of vasopressin which in itself is also essential for the stability and full expression of CRF bioactivity. PMID- 6987325 TI - Serum concentrations of gonadotrophins and the hypothalamic content of gonadotrophin releasing hormone in male rats exposed to 35 degrees C. AB - Serum concentrations of FSH and LH and the hypothalamic content of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in male rats maintained at 35 degrees C for various periods of time. The results show that heat exposure caused a temporary decrease in serum concentrations of LH and FSH which was associated with comparable changes in the hypothalamic content of GnRH. Histological examination of the adenohypophysis of rats exposed to heat for 42 days disclosed that the gonadotrophs underwent hypertrophy and hyperplasia and appeared more active than those of control rats. The data suggest that in rats exposed to heat for prolonged periods a new steady-state is established through which an adequate serum level of LH is maintained. PMID- 6987326 TI - Molecular characterization of receptor binding proteins and immunogens of virulent Treponema pallidum. AB - Receptor binding proteins of Treponema pallidum were identified by incubation of [35S]methionine-labeled, soluble T. pallidum preparations with formaldehyde-fixed HEp-2 cells. Three major treponemal proteins (bands 1--3) that avidly bound to the eucaryotic cell surface were detected by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Brief trypsin treatment of HEp-2 cells before formaldehyde fixation reduced the extent of the interaction of these treponemal macromolecules, which implicated receptor-mediated attachment mechanisms. The presence of unlabeled T. pallidum preparations directly competed with radiolabeled T. pallidum samples for the available HEp-2 cells, which suggested a limiting number of membrane binding sites. Samples of unlabeled avirulent Reiter treponeme did not compete. T. Pallidum immunogens were examined by radioimmunoprecipitation with human and rabbit syphilitic sera. Of interest were the similarities and extent of the humoral response represented by the detection of antigen-antibody complexes against numberous treponemal proteins, including bands 1--3. T. pallidum portein band 1 appeared to be the major antigenic stimulus. Formation of antigen-antibody complexes between 35S-labeled T. pallidum proteins and human syphilitic sera was prevented by unlabeled T. pallidum but not by T. phagedenis preparations, which demonstrated specificity of the reaction. Gel profiles of radioimmunoprecipitation assays using radiolabeled T. pallidum antigens and human syphilitic and yaws sera delineated both the similarities and differences in the humoral response to these two spirochetes. The latter suggested both overlapping and distinguishing antigenic properties between T. pallidum and T. pertenue. Detection in yaws sera of specific antibody against T. pallidum protein bands 1--3 further incriminates the role of these three treponemal proteins as virulence determinants. PMID- 6987327 TI - Kidney-specific alloantigen system in the rat. Characterization and role in transplantation. AB - The alloantibody response of LEW rats immunized with DA kidney homogenate or given vascularized DA kidney grafts was studied using an 125I-anti-Ig binding assay with kidney homogenate as the target tissue. A major component of the sera was found to be directed at a kidney-specific alloantigen. Analysis of LEW X (DA X LEW) F1 backcross rats showed that the locus coding for this antigen was not linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The use of these backcross rats, typed for both MHC and the kidney alloantigen, as kidney donors to LEW rats showed that the kidney alloantigen did not induce detectable graft damage and that only the DA MHC was involved in primary graft rejection of DA kidneys by LEW rats. Immunofluorescence studies localized the antigen to the basement membrane of proximal convoluted tubules, and to some Bowman's capsules. Strain distribution studies showed that only 2 of 11 strains were negative for the allele under study; these were the LEW and AS strains. Species cross-reactivity studies showed that rabbit, dog, and human kidneys could absorb this specificity, although more weakly than DA kidney. PMID- 6987329 TI - Acquisition of cell surface IgD after in vitro culture of neoplastic B cells from the murine tumor BCL1. AB - Murine BCL1 tumor cells bear large amounts of surface IgM and trace amounts of surface IgD. In the present studies we have shown that cultivation of these cells, in the absence of lipopolysaccharide, results in the acquisition of IgD by virtually all the cells. These results suggest that BCL1 cells can differentiate in vitro into more mature B cells and offer an attractive model for analyzing the factors controlling appearance of IgD on a monoclonal cell line. PMID- 6987328 TI - Tropomyosin-like seven residue periodicity in three immunologically distinct streptococal M proteins and its implications for the antiphagocytic property of the molecule. AB - Partial sequences of three immunologically distinct group A streptococcal M proteins (M5, M6, and M24) revealed significant homology with each other, certain amino acid residues being conserved within the three molecules. In addition, a common feature of the sequenced regions of these M proteins was their high alpha helical potential and the presence of a repeating seven residue periodicity that is characteristic of the double helical coiled-coil molecule, tropomyosin. The existence of a tropomyosin-like seven residue periodicity strongly suggests that regions of these three M proteins may participate in intra- and/or intermolecular coiled-coil interactions. Because of the constraints imposed by such a repeating periodicity, certain conserved residues within the M proteins would occupy spatially equivalent positions in the tertiary structure of these molecules. This common characteristic could play an important role in the common antiphagocytic property of the immunologically diverse M molecules. In addition to similarities in the secondary structure of M proteins and tropomyosin, significant sequence homology has also been observed between certain regions of these molecules with up to 50% identical residues. As a result of the striking structural similarity with tropomyosin, M proteins may play a regulatory role in the contractile mechanisms involved in phagocytosis. PMID- 6987330 TI - Development and improvement of a commercial uric acid enzymatic determination kit on a centrifugal fast analyzer. AB - The performance of a uric acid determination kit has been evaluated for five months, under routine conditions, in a General Hospital Biochemical Laboratory. An anomalous increment in fresh serum blanks was noted in the kit when first introduced. This interference, probably due to alcohol dehydrogenase contamination, was corrected by addition of 50 mmol/l (NH4)2SO4 to the reagent. Results obtained with this modified reagent correlate perfectly with those obtained with modified kits by Smith Kline Instruments (SKI), and with many other determination methods. Correlations are discussed and explanations for differences in statistical data are offered. Within run and between run precision data are presented. The kit fits perfectly with the needs of centrifugal fast analyzers and discrete micro analyzers, on account of its speed, reliability and precision. PMID- 6987332 TI - Florida Blood Banks accredited by the Florida Association of Blood Banks (institutional members of FABB). PMID- 6987331 TI - A regional blood program for Florida. PMID- 6987333 TI - Recent advances in immunology. PMID- 6987334 TI - Diagnostic cytopathology today. PMID- 6987335 TI - The diagnostic value of kidney biopsy. Brief review. PMID- 6987336 TI - Vesiculobullous lesions of the skin, a simplistic approach to diagnosis based solely on microscopic findings. PMID- 6987337 TI - A brief look at the sociopolitical and economic history of pathology in the United States. PMID- 6987338 TI - Laboratory medicine and pathologists in Florida prior to 1950. PMID- 6987340 TI - Abortion 1980: battleground for reproductive rights. PMID- 6987339 TI - Failure to detect papovavirus-associated T antigens in human brain tumor cells by anticomplement immunofluorescence. AB - To probe the possible presence of papovavirus-related T antigen(s) in human brain tumors, the imprinted or cultured cells at various passage levels were examined by anticomplement immunofluorescence using antisera to T antigen of each BK virus, JC virus, and simian virus 40. No T antigen was demonstrated in any tests with cells derived from 69 patients with various brain tumors. Twenty-two tumor cell strains cultured in the presence of a tumor promoter, phorbol ester, also failed to show the T antigen. PMID- 6987341 TI - Birthing in Early America. PMID- 6987342 TI - Fatty liver due to disproportionally added methionine to a low soybean diet and lipotropic action of phosphatides in rats. AB - Young female rats of the Wistar strain were fed a 20% soybean diet (approximately 8% soybean protein) with or without the supply of 0.3% methionine. Methionine supply caused an accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. In vitro incorporation of acetate-1-14C into the liver lipid fraction and its incorporation ratios of triglyceride/phospholipid were higher in the livers from rats fed the methionine-supplemented diet (Met diet) than in those of animals fed the 20% soybean diet (basal diet). In vivo incorporation of 32P into the phospholipid fraction was lower in the livers of rats fed the Met diet than in those of rats fed the basal diet. Injection of phospholipid (lecithin) through a tail vein increased the plasma level of esterified fatty acids in rats fed the Met diet only and not in those fed the basal diet. Injection of an apolipoprotein fraction produced no effect on the plasma esterified fatty acid levels. The effect of phospholipids in increasing triglyceride transport was confirmed in liver perfusion experiments. These results indicate that supplying methionine to the low soybean protein diet induced disproportionation of synthesis and transport of triglycerides by the shortage of phospholipids. PMID- 6987343 TI - A son speaks about a distinguished former editor, Ben H. Nicholson, MD, 1904 1968. PMID- 6987344 TI - Physician preserves memories of early Indian culture. PMID- 6987345 TI - The reliability of clinical evaluation of some characteristics in complete prosthetics. AB - The aim of this investigation was to study intra-assessor reliability and the relationship between individual and simultaneous evaluations when retention and stability of complete prostheses and the condition of the residual ridges were clinically assessed according to defined criteria. Further, inter-assessor reliability and the reliability of simultaneous evaluations were studied by evaluating the condition of the residual ridge on two occasions. Nine patients and three prosthodontists participated. Generally, the reliability levels were low and individual deviations from the simultaneous evaluations were common. PMID- 6987346 TI - Proximal plaque accumulation with two minor connector designs. AB - The relationship of plaque accumulation to two different designs of a proximal minor connector, was studied in twenty-seven removable partial denture wearers. On thirty proximal surfaces adjacent to a closed space design, and on thirty-two surfaces adjacent to an open space design, plaque formation was recorded using a plaque scoring system. Mean plaque scores were calculated separately for the two types of design, and no difference was found between the two sets of scores. PMID- 6987347 TI - A simplified technique for determining the occlusal plane in full denture construction. AB - Because of difficulties encountered by students in determining the occlusal plane at the registration stage of full denture treatment, a simple technique which can be easily taught has been devised. Review of literature revealed a wide variety of landmarks and techniques advocated by various authorities and these are discussed. A technique using direct vision is described and a review of a series of patients showed it to be valid for the majority of cases. PMID- 6987348 TI - Roentgen cephalometric analysis of ridge resorption and changes in jaw and occlusal relationships in immediate complete denture wearers. AB - In eighteen subjects assigned for immediate complete upper and lower dentures, roentgen cephalometric recordings were made before extraction of the residual anterior dentition and 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after denture insertion. The cephalometric analysis was based on electronic measurements of linear and angular morphological variables and computer head plots generated from 177 reference points (Walker, 1967), derived for each subject for each of the five observation stages. The reduction of the alveolar ridges was most rapid during the first 3 months of denture wear and particularly during the post extraction period of 3 weeks. The reduction in anterior height of the lower ridge was on average twice as great as that of the upper ridge. The ridge resorption and the accompanying settling of the dentures on the basal seats, measured from lead shots inserted in the dentures, brought about an upward rotation of the mandible with a resulting decrease in occlusal vertical dimension and reduction in overjet of the dentures. In accordance with the amount of ridge reduction, these changes showed great individual variation. PMID- 6987349 TI - Plaque recordings as a guide to the prognosis for partial denture treatment. AB - Separate mean plaques scores of the proximal surfaces of abutment teeth, which faced denture saddles, were obtained from thirty-three subjects with removable partial dentures, following a period of ordinary tooth-brushing and at the end of a period following instruction in specialized tooth-brushing. With ordinary tooth brushing, the subjects were distributed in the upper range of plaque scores which was considered dangerous to periodontal health. With specialized tooth-brushing the subjects showed lower mean plaque scores, but over a wider distribution. Thus patients are variously at risk when treated with partial dentures. PMID- 6987350 TI - Host response to two different designs of minor connector. AB - Temperatures were recorded in thirty-two gingival crevices adjacent to proximal surfaces of abutment teeth fitted with minor connectors of an open space design, and in thirty gingival crevices adjacent to proximal surfaces fitted with minor connectors of a closed design. During the 2 week experimental period, the twenty seven removable partial denture subjects who were involved in the study kept the accumulation of plaque to a minimum by applying specialized tooth-brushing. Although an equal but small amount of plaque formed in both groups, the presumed minimal rise in temperature stimulated by this plaque did not prevent the two connector designs from showing disparate effects on the crevicular temperature. It was concluded that the open space design of minor connector is less conducive to irritation of the adjacent marginal gingiva than is the closed design. PMID- 6987351 TI - A composite of porous calcium sulphate dihydrate and cyanoacrylate as a substitute for autogenous bone. AB - Implants of porous calcium sulphate dihydrate with a surface coating of n-butyl 2 cyanoacrylate were studied in circular defects in the skulls of rabbits to determine the extent of their replacement by new bone and to examine the reaction of the surrounding tissue. The defects were compared with control cavities that were allowed to fill with blood clot. The material was well tolerated by the tissues and did not slow bony healing. The pattern of ingrowth of bone in the skulls with implants was different than that of the controls. Further investigations are being undertaken to strengthen the implants and to adjust the rate of biodegradation. Possible future clinical applications are discussed. PMID- 6987352 TI - Bilirubin transport in the newborn infant, reviewed with relation to kernicterus. PMID- 6987353 TI - C-peptide response to arginine stimulation in diabetic children. AB - The extent and the clinical significance of residual beta cell function has been evaluated by radioimmunoassay of C-peptide in 41 diabetic children in different stages of evolution, using an arginine tolerance test. In control subjects a significant rise of C-peptide levels occurred after the infusion with arginine. In patients at the onset of the disease and in patients not in the remission stage, C-peptide levels showed no increment and basal values were significantly lower than in healthy control children. Children during the remission phase showed basal and peak values not significantly different from controls. A positive correlation was found between highest CPR levels compared to basal CPR values and to the age at onset of diabetes; a negative correlation was found between the duration of the disease and insulin requirement. PMID- 6987354 TI - The sensitivity and specificity of an agglutination test for antibodies to streptococcal extracellular antigens: a quantitative analysis and comparison of the Streptozyme test with the anti-streptolysin O and anti-deoxyribonuclease B tests. AB - As a part of studies of streptococcal infections of the upper respiratory tract, sera from 142 individuals (mean age 11.9 years) with signs and symptoms on tonsillitis or pharyngitis and their family contacts were studied to quantitatively evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Streptozyme test. We also compared this agglutination test for streptococcal extracellular antibodies with the antistreptolysin O and antideoxyribonuclease B tests. Using different lots of Streptozyme reagent we found evidence suggesting variation in the strength of the reagent from lot to lot. Evaluation of the group specificity of the Streptozyme test suggests that it may not be specific for antibodies to extracellular products of group A streptococci, since a response to this test was seen in individuals with only non-group A strains isolated from their upper respiratory tracts. In patients with group A streptococci isolated from the upper respiratory tract, the quantitative sensitivity of the antibody response as measured by the Streptozyme test is comparable to, but no greater than, the ASO or anti-DNase B tests. Our analysis of upper limits of normal for the Streptozyme test in the study population indicates that previous recommendations for values for elevated titers are too low, especially for predominantly pediatric populations, so that previous reports of patients demonstrating an antibody response to Streptozyme-measured antibodies may include a significant number of patients with "normal" levels. This study indicates the need for both further documentation of standardization of the reagents used in this agglutination test and additional quantitative studies of the response measured by Streptozyme. PMID- 6987355 TI - The immunologic response to group A streptococcal upper respiratory tract infections in very young children. AB - The immunologic responses to streptolysin O and streptococcal deoxyribonuclease B were evaluated in children with group A streptococci recovered from the upper respiratory tract to re-examine the hypothesis that a limited capacity to respond to group A streptococcal infection may explain the rare occurrence of acute rheumatic fever in very young children. ASO and anti-DNase B titers were determined on serial bleedings from a total of 301 individuals (52 less than or equal to 3 years; 249 older than 3 years). Very young children with group A streptococcal upper respiratory tract infections had an immunologic response to SO greater than the response in older children as reflected by the magnitude of the antibody rise, and comparable to the ASO response in older children as measured by the percentage showing a significant titer rise. Similar analyses of the anti-DNase B responses showed the response in young children to be comparable to those of the older group. Clinical manifestations of group A streptococcal upper respiratory tract infection in very young children differ from those observed in older children and have not changed significantly in the past several decades. These data suggest that the infrequent occurrence of acute rheumatic fever in very young children is not due to a difference in antibody response to streptolysin O or streptococcal DNase B. PMID- 6987356 TI - Identification of group A streptococci with bacitracin disc on the primary throat culture plate. PMID- 6987357 TI - Brief clinical and laboratory observations. PMID- 6987359 TI - Guido Fanconi, 1892-1979. PMID- 6987358 TI - Edward L. Pratt, M.D. PMID- 6987360 TI - Aplasia cutis congenita: a cutaneous marker of occult spinal dysraphism. PMID- 6987362 TI - Successful treatment of Nocardia asteroides infection with amikacin. PMID- 6987361 TI - Clinical pharmacology of two chloramphenicol preparations in children: sodium succinate (iv) and palmitate (oral) esters. AB - The clinical pharmacology of chloramphenicol was evaluated in 14 children with serious bacterial infections. The children received chloramphenicol sodium succinate intravenously for five to six days at which time orally administered chloramphenicol palmitate was substituted for an additional five to six days of therapy. The mean peak serum chloramphenicol concentration when given iv (28.2 +/ 5.1 micrograms/ml) occurred within one hour after the termination of the 60 minute iv infusion and when given orally (19.3 +/- 2.6 micrograms/ml) occurred two to three hours after ingestion. Differences in serum levels of chloramphenicol after iv compared to oral administration of the same dose could be demonstrated at various time points studied during the dose-response curves; however, the areas under the chloramphenicol curve were not significantly different after iv (140 +/- 116 micrograms/ml/hour) versus oral (95 +/- 26 micrograms/ml/hour) administration. In seven patients who had concomitant serum and CSF chloramphenicol levels determined, a CSF to serum ratio of 23 to 85% occurred. The CSF levels (5.5 to 13 micrograms/ml) were not directly proportional to serum levels. All patients recovered from their infection and no side effects from chloramphenicol were encountered. Administration of chloramphenicol orally in the palmitate form produces serum concentrations and areas under the disappearance curve similar to those achieved after iv administration of the same dose, indicating that the oral route is an effective method of achieving therapeutic concentrations of chloramphenicol in serum. PMID- 6987363 TI - Latex agglutination test and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis for detection of group B streptococcal antigen. PMID- 6987364 TI - S. Sigmund Stahl, D.D.S., M.S. President, American Academy of Periodontology, 1980. PMID- 6987367 TI - Root surface--soft tissue interface. Part I: A review. AB - A review of the literature is presented with regards to the soft tissue-root surface interface. The basic biological aspects are discussed followed by reports on healing after periodontal surgery. The effect of citric acid, to enhance new attachment, is reviewed in detail. Articles reporting on clinical findings, ultrastructural observation (TEM and SEM), and light microscopic studies have been selected to present the reader with a logical overview of what has been reported in the literature. PMID- 6987368 TI - Sulcular exudate protein levels as an indicator of the clinical inflammatory response. AB - Protein concentrations in gingival fluid exudate were obtained in both the clinically minimal and severe inflammatory states. A comparison of the results indicated no significant differences in the two groups studied. Since total protein concentrations do not appear to reflect accurately the clinical inflammatory status of the gingival tissues, specific components of the protein molecule should be studied. PMID- 6987366 TI - A clinical evaluation of Proplast as a periodontal implant material. AB - Five patients received a Proplast implant in combination two- and three-wall osseous defects. In four of the cases the implant material was removed within 6 weeks due to failure to maintain primary closure over the Proplast and subsequent inflammation. One implant remained in place for 6 months with no apparent visual signs of inflammation. However, an 8 mm pocket remained, the area was reentered, and histologic sections made. The histologic sections revealed Proplast intermixed with bone, and the presence of foreign body giant cells. PMID- 6987369 TI - Gingival fluid fucose to protein ratios as indicators of the severity of periodontal disease. AB - Total fucose and protein was measured in gingival fluid samples collected from 16 human subjects. A significantly higher total protein concentration was found for the control (clinically normal) group when compared to the experimental (severe clinical inflammation) group. This is probably due to the higher gingival flow rate found in the experimental group. The total fucose analyses showed no statistical difference between both groups, but when fucose to protein ratios were studied, a significantly higher ratio was found for the experimental group when compared to the controls. This probably represents the breakdown of plasma and tissue glycoproteins which may occur as a result of inflammation. PMID- 6987370 TI - Validation of washing procedures for maintaining a microbiologically clean gel filtration column. AB - Chromatographic gel filtration matrixes used in various separation techniques are subject to microbial contamination. The need for a microbe-free column is critical when preparing materials that require a low or zero microbial count. This report proposes two alternative washing systems: 0.02 N HCl containing 0.81% NaCl, and 0.1 M tromethamine--hydrochloride buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.81% NaCl and 0.02% thimerosal. These washing systems were validated using a 100 x 2.6-cm column packed with a modified dextran gel slurry previously inoculated with known counts of USP test organisms. After each wash, the column separation characteristics were verified further with appropriate test proteins. PMID- 6987365 TI - Studies on the immunogenicity of allogeneic sclera in a rabbit model system. PMID- 6987371 TI - Tissue distribution and metabolism of drugs VI: Effect of second drugs on pancreatic distribution and insulin-releasing activity of sulfonylureas in perfused rat pancreas. AB - The distribution of sulfonylureas and their insulin-releasing potency as a pharmacological response were studied in isolated perfused rat pancreas. Sulfonylurea concentrations in the perfused pancreas in the presence or absence of a second drug were determined after perfusion for 15 min. Sulfonylureas could be distributed throughout the pancreas readily, and the tissue sulfonylurea concentration was reduced by the addition of sulfaphenazole, sulfadimethoxine, and salicylic acid. The insulin secretion rate stimulated by tolbutamide also was reduced by these three drugs; sulfanilamide, which could not displace the tolbutamide distribution, did not affect the tolbutamide-mediated secretion of insulin. These results document the importance of drug concentration in the tissue or receptor site with regard to insulin secretion and show that the sulfonylurea-mediated secretion of insulin can be modified easily by concomitant perfusion of a second drug that displaces sulfonylurea in the pancreas. These findings suggest that the drug interaction at the target organ or receptor site should be understood to provide adequate drug therapy. PMID- 6987372 TI - Insulin permeability of hydrophilic polyacrylate membranes. AB - The diffusive permeability of insulin in polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (37.1% water), polyhydroxyethyl acrylate (51.8% water), polymethacrylic acid (67.5% water), and cuprophane PT-150 membranes was determined and correlated with the weight fraction of water in the membrane. Insulin diffusivity in the membranes was determined to be 1.0 x 10(-6) cm2/sec, which is in reasonable agreement with literature values for insulin diffusivity in water. PMID- 6987373 TI - Preclinical evaluation of Antiallergic agents. AB - This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of many in vivo and in vitro experimental model systems employed in the preclinical testing of antiallergic drugs. PMID- 6987374 TI - Renin release: effects of vasodilators and bilateral ureteral obstruction. PMID- 6987375 TI - Circadian rhythms in the biological response and disposition of ethanol in the mouse. AB - Circadian rhythms in the response to ethanol were investigated in male, Swiss Webster mice. Significant circadian variations were observed in increased and decreased spontaneous locomotor activity induced by ethanol (2 or 4 mg/g i.p., respectively) and in the hypothermic response to ethanol with the greatest effect generally occurring during the dark phase of the 12 hr:12 hr. light-dark cycle when the normal activity of the animals was highest. Ethanol was also more lethal during the dark phases as compared to the light phase. Disposition studies showed that the in vivo rate of disappearance of ethanol from the blood and the in vitro metabolism of ethanol by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase were invariant throughout the 24-hr period. Additional studies demonstrated that the duration of ethanol induced hypnosis was longer and the concentration of ethanol in blood and brain tissue, at awakening, was lower during the dark phase as compared to the light phase. These data suggest that circadian rhythms observed in the pharmacological and toxicological effects of ethanol in mice do not result from daily fluctuations in drug disposition but are more likely subserved by temporal changes in the sensitivity of the central nervous system to ethanol. PMID- 6987376 TI - Interactions between ethanol metabolism and mixed-function oxidation in perfused rat liver: inhibition of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation. PMID- 6987377 TI - Factors influencing glomerular filtration rate in the fetal lamb [proceedings]. PMID- 6987378 TI - The effects of hypoglycaemia on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the new born calf. AB - 1. The effects of insulin hypoglycaemia on cerebral blood flow and metabolism have been examined in unanaesthetized, unrestrained calves between 1 and 26 days after birth. 2. Cerebral blood flow was measured with an inert gas technique using molecular hydrogen, and cerebral metabolism was quantified by determination of arterio-cerebral venous (A--V) concentration differences for oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, acetoacetate, beta-D-hydroxybutyrate and ammonia. 3. During normoglycaemia the mean (A--V) difference for glucose was close to one sixth that of oxygen, on a molar basis. A small net loss of pyruvate from the brain was found, but there was no significant (A--V) difference for lactate. Arterial concentrations of acetoacetate and beta-D-hydroxybutyrate were low, and no utilization of ketone bodies by the brain was demonstrated. 4. Moderate hypoglycaemia (arterial plasma glucose concentration 1--2 m-mole/l.) had no measurable effect on either cerebral blood flow or metabolism. 5. During profound hypoglycaemia (arterial plasma glucose concentration less than 1.0 m-mole/l.) cerebral glucose uptake was sufficient to account for only 56% of the cerebral oxygen consumption. Cerebral oxygen consumption fell in comatose animals, but increased during hypoglycaemic convulsions, as did cerebral blood flow. 6. In day old calves hypoglycaemia was associated with a rise in blood lactate concentration and uptake of lactate by the brain. 7. A net loss of ammonia by the brain was observed during hypoglycaemia in calves at all ages examined. The loss was greater in convulsing than in comatose animals. PMID- 6987380 TI - Prostacyclin relaxes the longitudinal muscle of human isolated stomach and antagonizes contractions to some prostanoids [proceedings]. PMID- 6987379 TI - Persistent obesity in rats following a period of consumption of a mixed, high energy diet. AB - 1. Adult male hooded rats which were offered a mixed, high energy diet for 90 days were hyperphagic and became significantly obese compared to chow-fed control rats. Fasting plasma insulin and glucose levels were initially elevated in the experimental rats, but later in the 90 day period were similar to control levels. 2. When the high energy foods were withdrawn after 90 days and just chow was available, the obese rats maintained the elevated body weights. The obese rats were initially hypophagic, but chow intakes rapidly reached control levels. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were similar in both groups, suggesting that the persisting obesity may not be associated with altered insulin resistance. 3. Five weeks after withdrawal of the 'fattening' diet, half of the experimental rats were offered restricted access to chow for 27 days to reduce their weights to control levels. When the rats were again given free access to chow, they returned to the previously elevated weight. 4. Eighteen weeks after withdrawal of the 'fattening' diet, the experimental rats had significantly elevated body weights and fat stores. The elevated body weight was not simply due to increased growth because, although the experimental rats had slightly more lean body mass than the control rats, the increase in fat was not related to body size. PMID- 6987383 TI - Metal-reinforced anterior tooth replacement using acid-etch-composite resin technique. AB - A conservative technique for replacement of a missing single anterior tooth has been described. An artificial composite resin tooth reinforced with orthodontic perforated metal pads is used as a pontic. It is bonded directly to proximal and lingual surfaces of the adjacent teeth using composite resins and acid-etching. PMID- 6987382 TI - Shear bond strength in porcelain-metal restorations. AB - 1. The push test method showed higher shear bond strength values than the pull test method. 2. A bond strength of 4,500 to 6,000 psi between the dental stone and metal rod was eliminated in a waxed-rod test. Although the strength values were lower in waxed-rod tests, they were believed to be true shear bond strength values. 3. Shear bond strengths of 12,000 psi in push tests and 9,700 psi in pull tests were observed in Ceramco porcelain fused to Ceramco gold. PMID- 6987384 TI - Copperplating copper band-compound impressions at constant voltage. AB - According to the experimental results, the electrodeposition of copper on impressions should be carried out with a voltage-stabilized power supply at 0.3 V. This method permits the copperplating of tube impressions of various sizes without the need for further adjustments of controls on the plating apparatus. PMID- 6987381 TI - Vital root retention in humans: a final report. AB - A research protocal for submucosal vital root retention in humans has been developed based on laboratory animal studies. Procedures, patient management, and statistical results have been reported in a series of three articles. Changes in techniques have also been reported, along with explanation of a flowchart for tooth root retention and alveolar ridge preservation. Some ideas for future investigations are presented. Vital root retention in humans appears to be a valid means of retaining residual bony ridge tissues to a greater degree than when patients are rendered totally edentulous. PMID- 6987386 TI - Applying basic prosthodontic principles in the dentulous maxillectomy patient. AB - The formulation of a design for a removable partial denture framework must be approached in a logical, organized fashion, whether the framework is conventional or designed to support an obturator. The number of abutment teeth, their relationship to one another and to the other teeth in each arch, the location of the fulcrum line if unilateral or bilateral extensions are to be used, the need for direct and indirect retention, and the quality and quantity of the support for the extension bases must all be considered. The occlusal scheme and esthetics should also be considered. Once the design is formulated, careful preparation of the mouth, good impressions, proper fitting of the framework, a good altered cast impression when necessary, careful adjustments at insertion, and patient instructions concerning care and maintenance of the prosthesis will increase the chances of success. All the basic principles must be considered and applied to the unique requirements of the maxillectomy patient. PMID- 6987385 TI - Evaluation of three variables affecting the casting of base metal alloys. AB - All the vented samples with sprue widths of 2 mm or more were defect free, whereas the corresponding unvented samples had extensive voids and porosity in all but one casting. All castings with a sprue width of 1 mm were defective regardless of whether or not vents were used. The thickness of the investment above the pattern had no effect on casting results. PMID- 6987388 TI - Technique for post-core removal from a crown and a new post-core fabrication. AB - A method of removal of a post cemented to crown with the recovery of the undamaged crown has been presented. The fabrication of a replacement post-core assembly and the reuse of the original crown is described. PMID- 6987387 TI - Intranasal conformers. PMID- 6987390 TI - Elliptical excision and closure. PMID- 6987391 TI - In memoriam: Cecil Pembrey Grey Wakeley. PMID- 6987389 TI - The acrylic resin base maxillary removable partial denture: technical considerations. AB - Technical considerations have been outlined that will help to produce a transitional removable partial denture that may be placed in the mouth with a minimal amount of adjustment. PMID- 6987393 TI - Kenneth Alexander Easlick 1893-1979. PMID- 6987392 TI - In memoriam: John Loewenthal. PMID- 6987394 TI - Effect of endotoxin treatment on prostaglandin metabolism by rabbit uterus and oviduct. AB - Metabolism of PGE-2 and PGF-2 alpha by cytosolic fractions (100,000 g supernatant) of the uterus, oviduct and lung of rabbits treated with hCG and endotoxin (20 microgram/kg) was measured. Endotoxin caused immediate decreases in metabolism of both PGs by uterus at 1 h, and these decreases became significant at 2 h for PGE-2 and 6 h for PGF-2 alpha. The metabolism of both PGs remained depressed throughout the 24 h study. Metabolism by oviduct tissue differed in that at 1 h metabolism of both PGs increased but then remained depressed between 2 and 24 h. Metabolism of PGs by lung also showed a different pattern: that of PGE-2 was depressed only briefly (at 2 h), while that of PGF-2 alpha was consistently depressed between 2 and 24 h. Pre-treatment with hCG did not affect the response: tissues from animals killed 6 h after endotoxin but not given hCT responded like those from animals treated with endotoxin 24 h after hCG and killed 6 h later. Much of the increased PG levels in venous drainage after endotoxin treatment can be explained by depressed ability of cells to metabolize PGs. PMID- 6987395 TI - The inhibition of acrosin by sterol sulphates. AB - Four 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid sulphates were found to be potent and specific inhibitors of the sperm acrosomal proteinase, acrosin. Two of these acrosin inhibitors, desmosteryl sulphate and cholesteryl sulphate, occur naturally in spermatozoa. Desmosteryl sulphate, an inhibitor of the in-vitro capacitation of hamster spermatozoa, has a Ki of 3.5 x 10(-6) M for the inhibition of acrosin. The mechanism of inhibition of sperm capacitation by sterol sulphates is probably due to their inhibition of acrosin. PMID- 6987396 TI - The use of fluorescein diacetate to assess embryo viability in the mouse. AB - Preimplantation mouse embryos that were exposed to fluorescein diacetate (FDA) accumulated intracellular fluorescein and fluoresced brightly under ultraviolet (u.v.) light. The rate at which intracellular fluorescein was lost from the cells was measured at 37, 28 and 4 degrees C and the rate decreased as the storage temperature decreased. The rate at which intracellular fluorescein accumulated increased as FDA concentration increased until a maximum rate was attained. The ability to accumulate intracellular fluorescein could be removed by heating embryos at 56 degrees C for 30 min or by damaging the cell membrane. Cells grown under inadequate culture conditions lost the ability to accumulate intracellular fluorescein. Exposure of 2-cell mouse embryos to FDA and u.v. light did not alter the rate of blastocyst formation in vitro, and exposure of blastocysts to FDA and u.v. light did not alter the rate of implantation or post-implantation development in vivo. PMID- 6987397 TI - Local effects of intrauterine contraceptives placed within the peritoneal cavities of rabbits. AB - Two studies were conducted to evaluate local surface tissue responses to seven different intrauterine contraceptive units placed within the peritoneal cavities of rabbits, either near the uterus or in contact with the hepatic capsule. One or six weeks after insertion, the animals were killed and tissue responses evaluated. All local tissue responses were inflammatory although in some animals tissue responses were also associated with a mechanical component related to pressure of the contraceptive units on the hepatic capsule. Control animals revealed no response. One-week tissue responses among the treated rabbits ranged from minimal to moderate for the Progestasert Intrauterine Progesterone Contraceptive System (IPCS), placebo (nonhormonal) IPCS, Lippes Loop and Saf-T Coil; moderate for the Dalkon Shield; and severe for the Gyne-T and Cu-7. After six weeks the inflammatory responses to the IPCS, placebo (nonhormonal) IPCS, Lippes Loop and Saf-T-Coil consisted of well-organized fibrous tissue, while the responses to the Gyne-T and Cu-7 were aggressive, invasive and characterized by necrosis and fibroplasia. PMID- 6987398 TI - Antenatal diagnosis and treatment of a fetal goiter. AB - The sonographic diagnosis of a fetal goiter, confirmed at delivery, is described in a fetus exposed to large doses of propylthiouracil, which was administered to the mother. The pregnancy was also complicated by recalcitrant premature labor secondary to polyhydramnios. The intraamniotic instillation of thyroxine decreased the size of the fetal goiter, and numerous therapeutic amniocenteses permitted continuation of the pregnancy, so a mature infant with a goiter but no airway obstruction was delivered. Amniotic fluid reverse-T3 assays confirmed fetal utilization of the thyroxine. Fetal thyroid physiology is discussed briefly along with the benefits of the antenatal sonographic diagnosis of fetal goiter. PMID- 6987400 TI - Ultrastructural studies of macrophages: in vitro removal of cell coat with macrophage inhibition factor (MIF)-containing lymphocyte culture supernatants; chloroform extraction, phospholipase digestion, and autoradiographic studies. PMID- 6987402 TI - Use of acetylacetone to prepare a prodrug of cycloserine. AB - Several derivatives of cycloserine (1) were prepared and it was found that (R)-4 [(1-methyl-3-oxo-1-butenyl)-amino]-3-isoxazolidinone (11), the condensation product of acetylacetone and cycloserine (1), was an efficacious prodrug of increased stability under aqueous conditions. PMID- 6987401 TI - Methods to quantify endocytosis: a review. PMID- 6987399 TI - Relationship of estrogens and oral contraceptives to endometrial cancer in animals and women. PMID- 6987403 TI - Perspective on the design and biochemical pharmacology of inhibitors of thymidylate synthetase. PMID- 6987404 TI - The production of spinal jackets for children with spina bifida. AB - This paper discusses the problems of spinal deformity and instability in spina bifida. A technique for suitable bracing is described and the available materials investigated. PMID- 6987405 TI - Crossreactivity as a factor in the immune response to Salmonella typhimurium in CBA and BALB/C mice. AB - The immune response to Salmonella typhimurium was investigated in CBA and BALB/C mice, by an arithmetic Widal agglutination assay. High antibody titres were obtained in CBA and low titres in BALB/C mice after secondary immunisation. A rabbit antiserum raised against S. typhimurium was tested for agglutinating activity after absorption with spleen- and lymph-node cells obtained from unimmunised CBA or BALB/C mice. BALB/C cells consistently removed more anti-S. typhimurium antibodies than did CBA cells, whilst the quantities of Fc receptor bearing cells were found to be similar in both strains when measured by the erythrocyte-antibody rosette technique. It is suggested BALB/C mice give a low antibody response because their cell-surface antigens crossreact to a greater degree with S. typhimurium than do CBA cell-surface antigens. PMID- 6987406 TI - The development of a phage-typing system for group-B streptococci. AB - A typing system for group-B streptococci, based on the use of 24 phages, has been evaluated. Used in conjunction with serotyping, it gave highly discriminating and reproducible results. PMID- 6987407 TI - The aetiology of acute cervical adenitis in children: serological and bacteriological studies. AB - Acute cervical adenitis was investigated in 26 children over a 33-month period. Lymph nodes were aspirated and cultured to yield Staphylococcus aureus or group-A streptococci or both from 22 (84.6%) of the aspriates. Mycobacterium kansasii was isolated from one child. By combined culture and serial serological tests (antistreptolysin-O, anti-DNAase B, and anti-NADase), 50% of the cases were found to be associated with streptococcal infection. In a few children, S. aureus was the only organism recovered, and appeared to be the aetiological agent. PMID- 6987409 TI - Use of differential interference contrast microscopy to determine cell renewal times in mouse intestine. AB - Pieces of mouse mid jejunum have been cleared in glycerin and examined by differential interference contrast microscopy at low powers of magnification. The position and number of crypts and villi can be determined in the same specimen using this technique. The calculated value for crypt/villus ratio 4.53 +/- 0.99 (mean +/- SD) is less than a previously published value obtained using indirect techniques. A revised estimate of cell renewal time, based on this newly determined value for crypt/villus ratio, is 45 h. This agrees with earlier estimates derived from entirely different methods of analysis. The general usefulness of this form of light microscopy in helping one appreciate some three dimensional problems in mucosal architecture is emphasized. PMID- 6987410 TI - A simple preparation, for microscopical investigations, of monolayered cells at specific cell-cycle stages. AB - A technique is described whereby cells at the mitotic stage are washed off into specially designed culture tubes. Because these tubes have a small culturing area in relation to the volume of medium they contain, and the area of the original culture flask, a usable number of cell-cycle synchronized cells are obtainable for microscopic study. PMID- 6987408 TI - ABO(H) blood group antigens of the human erythrocyte membrane: contribution of glycoprotein and glycolipid. AB - Formaldehyde-fixed human erythrocytes were extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate and with three other solvent systems, at least two of which are known to remove glycolipids quantitatively. The extracted cells possessed the ability to absorb the ABO blood group-specific antibody at about one-third the level of unextracted cells. Treatment of fresh cells with pronase also reduced the ability of the cells to absorb the antibody, further supporting the presence of ABO blood group active glycoprotein in the membrane. Trypsinization of red cells, while removing PAS-1 and partly PAS-2, did not lead to any decrease in the activity. Papainization also did not diminish the activity, although PAS-1, PAS-2, and PAS 3 were removed from the cells. Thus, both glycolipid and glycoprotein contribute to ABO antigens of erythrocytes. Also, none of the three major glycoproteins of the membrane bears this activity. PMID- 6987412 TI - Nape of neck flap. AB - Great advances in the field of reconstructive head and neck surgery have been made in the last 20 years, and although the nape of neck flap has not been used as frequently as the deltopectoral flap or the forehead flap, its contribution in this field has been significant. This paper discusses the flap's history, anatomical basis, and clinical applications. Advantages, disadvantages, and complications are discussed and the flap's role in modern head and neck reconstructive surgery is examined. PMID- 6987413 TI - Use of acrolein vapors for the anhydrous preparation of bone tissue for electron microscopy. PMID- 6987411 TI - High-pressure injection injuries of the hand. AB - One hundred twenty-seven case reports of high-pressure injection injuries have been analyzed, and five patients of our own are reported. The injury usually occurs to young, working males, most often to their nondominant index finger. Without proper surgical intervention, the injected part often progresses to necrosis, debilitating fibrosis, and stiffness. The pathology is that of inflammation and foreign body granulomatous formation. Damage results from impact, ischemia resulting from vascular compression, chemical inflammation, and secondary infection. Recommended treatment has traditionally been early surgical decompression, removal of injected material, and antibiotics. There is some evidence that anti-inflammatory medication is of value. In the patients treated early with steroids and proper antibiotics, infection has not been a problem. We feel that treatment of these injuries should include: 1) Immediate, high-dose, parenteral steroids followed by high-dose oral steroids in tapered doses. Our present regimen consists of initial doses of hydrocortisone sodium succinate 100 mg intravenously every 6 hours until it appears that swelling and erythema have maximized and begun to diminish, then changing to oral prednisone 25 mg twice daily. Prednisone is then slowly tapered in 5- to 10-mg increments per day until stopped. If swelling, pain, and erythema begin to worsen, high-dose steroids are resumed and tapered again. 2) Extensive and complete surgical decompression and drainage of the injured part. 3) Appropriate broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage. PMID- 6987414 TI - Extracorporeal renal surgery. PMID- 6987415 TI - Saralasin test as a diagnostic and prognostic aid in renovascular hypertensive patients subjected to renal operation. AB - A positive saralasin test in patients with angiographic evidence of renovascular disease and other positive functional tests gives further assurance that these patients will achieve normal or substantially reduced blood pressure postoperatively. In our experience with proved renovascular hypertension there was a 19 per cent incidence of falsely negative saralasin tests. Therefore, saralasin should not be used as the sole screening test in hypertensive patients suspected of having surgically correctable lesions. There is a direct correlation between elevated renin activity and a positive saralasin test. In some patients saralasin may be more sensitive than any other currently used test to detect overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system. This would determine those patients with technical errors in renin sampling and assays. Of the 16 patients (all normotensive) who had 6-month followup tests 5 had elevated peripheral renin activity, probably owing to furosemide stimulation. Of these 5 patients 2 had a positive postoperative saralasin test, raising the question of potential falsely positive responses in cases of essential hypertension and coincidental non functional renal artery stenosis. Patients with high renin essential hypertension may respond to saralasin, even in the absence of renal artery lesions. A saralasin test should be done in a hospital where all specific conditions can be met and potential complications handled promptly. PMID- 6987417 TI - Esmond R. Long dies. PMID- 6987416 TI - Acute motor paralytic bladder in renal transplant patients with anogenital herpes infection. AB - We report on 2 renal transplant patients in whom acute urinary retention developed after anogenital herpes infections. In 1 case a reversible bladder motor and sensory neuropathy occurred secondary to herpes simplex virus infections. In the other case a motor paralytic bladder developed secondary to an anogenital varicella-zoster infection. Documentation was by carbon dioxide cystometrography and denervation hypersensitivity testing. Both cases were reversible without alteration of the immunosuppressive regimens. PMID- 6987418 TI - Depression masquerading as diabetic neuropathy. AB - Fifty-nine patients referred for painful diabetic neuropathy of the lower extremities were evaluated for depression and response to antidepressant drug therapy in a double-blind controlled study. All patients were found to have substantial degrees of depression during psychiatric interview and by Kupfer Detre test scores (8.1 +/- 0.6, as compared with control values of 4.0 to 4.3 +/- 0.2). Treatment with imipramine hydrochloride or amitriptyline hydrochloride resulted in complete remission of lower extremity pains in all patients in 10 +/- 2 weeks, with concomitant relief of depression and return of depression test scores to 3.8. These results suggest that the syndrome of painful diabetic neuropathy of the lower extremities represents a depressive equivalent in a large proportion of cases and that treatment with imipramine or amitriptyline is a successful mode of therapy for such persons. PMID- 6987419 TI - Sir William Ramsay. PMID- 6987420 TI - An unusual manifestation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Fibrosis masquerading as Ormond's disease. PMID- 6987422 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 6987421 TI - Postpartum Candida endophthalmitis. AB - Two patients experienced endogenous Candida endophthalmitis after childbirth. One case was successfully treated with vitrectomy and intravitreal injection of amphotericin B. Although rare, Candida endophthalmitis must be included in the differential diagnosis in the postpartum patient with visual symptoms. PMID- 6987423 TI - Recovery after prolonged asystolic cardiac arrest in profound hypothermia. A case report and literature review. AB - Asystole can be the presenting ECG finding of accidental hypothermia when the core temperature is less than 28 degrees C. Even two hours of persistent asystole does not represent irreversible cardiac compromise. With cardiopulmonary support and active rewarming, resuscitation and survival without serious sequelae can be achieved. Case reports and electrophysiology studies suggest that asystole is a primary manifestation of hypothermia potentiated by carbon dioxide retention. However, ventricular fibrillation in this setting is probably a secondary complication of resuscitation efforts, being precipitated by hypocapnic alkalosis, physical manipulation of the heart, and rewarming. PMID- 6987424 TI - Sahachiro Hata. PMID- 6987427 TI - JAMA Reference Directories. PMID- 6987426 TI - John Keats. PMID- 6987428 TI - Study of percutaneous, transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6987425 TI - Microscopic scrutiny reveals condition of cornea. PMID- 6987430 TI - JAMA Reference Directories. PMID- 6987429 TI - The unsettling UGDP controversy. PMID- 6987433 TI - VA cooperative study finds bypass improves survival in new cohort. PMID- 6987431 TI - Frits Zernike. PMID- 6987432 TI - M. A. Novinsky. PMID- 6987434 TI - Sir Chandrasekkara Venkata Raman. PMID- 6987438 TI - [Records of hallucination: my attraction to Jung's world of hallucination]. PMID- 6987437 TI - [Women and stocking. 17. Ms Mari Sakamoto, an actress, at rehearsal: enchantment of the acting profession]. PMID- 6987435 TI - Cecil Coggins and the war in the shadows. PMID- 6987436 TI - [Liver injury in kidney transplant patients receiving azathioprine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6987439 TI - Bibliography for nutrition in pregnancy. PMID- 6987440 TI - [Noteworthy event: Leena Valvanne 60 years]. PMID- 6987441 TI - [A new director at the National Board of Health]. PMID- 6987442 TI - [Life of Seki Hora, mother of public health nursing in our country: in the natural figure. 8]. PMID- 6987443 TI - [Surgery of hiatal diaphragmatic hernias]. PMID- 6987444 TI - [Surgical treatment experience with middle postoperative ventral hernias]. PMID- 6987445 TI - [Signs immortalizing the name of N. I. Pirogov in the USSR]. PMID- 6987446 TI - [Vishna period in the activities of N. I. Pirogov]. PMID- 6987447 TI - [Georgii Grigor'evich Karavanov (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 6987448 TI - [Technic of extended selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 6987449 TI - [Role of reflux of the duodenal contents in the genesis of cancer of the gastric stump after gastric resection]. PMID- 6987450 TI - [Use of the CO2 laser in treating suppurative and inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues]. PMID- 6987451 TI - [1 of the causes of anastomositis]. PMID- 6987453 TI - [Petr Kuz'mich Isakov (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 6987452 TI - [Acute ulcers of the small intestine (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6987454 TI - [Use of mathematical methods in predicting the human status in space flight]. PMID- 6987456 TI - Studies on Tyzzer's disease: comparison between Bacillus piliformis strains from mouse, rat and rabbit. AB - The pathogenicity of Bacillus piliformis strains isolated from mouse, rat and rabbit, compared by inoculation into mice, appeared to be identical. The antibody titre obtained for the individual sera from spontaneously infected mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and humans was the same whether the antigen employed was from organisms isolated from mouse, rat or rabbit. PMID- 6987455 TI - Infection with Absidia corymbifera in bank voles (Clethrionomys glariolus). AB - Bank voles, Clethrionomys glariolus, kept under laboratory conditions were highly susceptible to both naturally-acquired and experimental infection with the phycomycete Absidia corymbifera. The infection was manifested as an acute lethal disease characterized by fungal invasion of the kidneys, central nervous system and, less frequently, other tissues. Natural infection was probably acquired via the respiratory route. PMID- 6987457 TI - The in vivo quantitation and kinetics of rabbit neutrophil leukocyte accumulation in the skin in response to chemotactic agents and Escherichia coli. AB - This report describes the in vivo quantitation of neutrophil accumulation at inflammatory sites in rabbits by employing 51Cr-labeled autologous rabbit blood neutrophils. These labeled neutrophils circulated with a half of 3.2 to 3.8 hours. They were found to localize with great specificity at skin sites injected intradermally with zymosan-activated plasma, synthetic chemotactic peptides (e.g., N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine), Escherichia coli-derived chemotactic factors, or whole E. coli. Contrary to reports utilizing in vitro assays, under in vivo conditions the synthetic chemotactic peptides caused significantly less neutrophil accululation than zymosan-aulation by high concentrations of N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine was observed. Kinetic studies of the accumulation of labeled leukocytes in the skin in response to intradermal injection of formalin-killed E. coli were performed. Nearly all of the leukocytes accumulated during the first 4 hours after E. coli injection with a peak rate of accumulation between 2 and 3 hours. Essentially no additional localization of leukocytes occurred at lesions which were 6, 8, or 24 hours old. These results demonstrate that 51Cr-labeled rabbit blood neutrophils can be utilized to quantitate the degree of neutrophil accumulation in inflammatory reactions as well as to study the hour by hour kinetics of this accumulation. PMID- 6987458 TI - Pancreatic pathology in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. AB - Pancreas from 10 children with idiopathic hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia was examined using histochemical and immunostaining techniques. The children ranged from newborn to 9 months in age. Sections were studied with particular reference to islet cell distribution in patients and controls, and quantitative assessments were made of islet size, relative cell-type distribution, and total area of pancreas occupied by endocrine tissue. Four had islet cell adenomatosis, three of these focal and one generalized. The others had a subtle morphologic abnormality seen best on immunostained sections and characterized by loss of the usual centrilobular congregation, irregular islet contours, a generalized of small packets of endocrine cells throughout the acinar tissue, and islet cell hypertrophy. We have termed this constellation "endocrine cell dysplasia." The range of islet cell area found in the controls using immunostaining was substantially higher than previously reported. In addition, we found no increase in mean total endocrine area in the cases with endocrine dysplasia when compared to age-matched controls. Both classic and beta-cell nesidioblastosis were common to patients and controls alike, appeared to decrease with age, and thus could not be considered as the morphologic substrate of hyperinsulinism in this age group. PMID- 6987459 TI - Plasmids and antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6987460 TI - A Nobel Prize for biobiomedical engineering. PMID- 6987462 TI - Histological demonstration of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in burned tissue. PMID- 6987461 TI - An apparatus for step length measurement. AB - In rehabilitation, the value of measurements of the length of a patient's pace has been established. Various methods of performing these measurements have been devised. The method to be described is of moderate cost but provides an immediate digital readout. The user does not carry cables, light sources, power supplies, etc., and does not wear special shoes. PMID- 6987463 TI - Changes in lung water and capillary permeability following sepsis and fluid overload. PMID- 6987464 TI - Results of repair of coarctation of the aorta during infancy. AB - One hundred ninety-one infants under 1 year of age underwent repair of coarctation of the aortz during a recent 14 year period. All operations were performed on an urgent, nonelective basis. One third of the infants had isolated coarctation (Group I), one third had associated ventricular septal defect (VSD) (Group II), and one third had other complex anomalies (Group III). The operative mortality rate has decreased to 4% in infants with isolated coarctation of the aorta but remains at 25% for repair of coarctation in association with significant intracardiac disease (Groups II and III). The late mortality rate also was affected by intracardiac defects. No late deaths occurred in Group I patients, whereas the 5 year mortality rate was 25% in Groups II and III. Surgical repair was by resection and end-to-end anastomosis in most (92%) cases. Recurrent coarctation, as defined by arm/leg blood pressure gradient at rest, developed in 54% of the survivors within 7 years following operation. Recoarctation did not affect late mortality rate. Twelve children (11.1% of survivors) underwent repair of recoarctation during this interval. Hypertension developed in 27% of the children followed more than 5 years after repair and was always associated with residual arm/leg blood pressure gradient. There are no cases of idiopathic hypertension in this series. PMID- 6987465 TI - [Planning of clinical training in practical nursing education: the extent of training in nursing technology]. PMID- 6987466 TI - [American leaders in nursing, an oral history. 5. Eleanor C. Lambertsen]. PMID- 6987467 TI - [Contemporary American leaders in nursing; an oral history]. PMID- 6987469 TI - Computer-assisted perimetry in neuro-ophthalmic disease. AB - A computer-assisted perimeter has become available commercially and has been evaluated and compared with standard kinetic field testing in patients with neuro ophthalmic disease. Threshold testing by static means has provided evidence of field defects at a stage usually too subtle to record by standard methods. The machine is quite well standardized and controlled and has had only a few technical problems. Newer programs can be added by means of a change in floppy disk, and this capability promises additional avenues of clinical investigation. PMID- 6987468 TI - Sarcoidosis: a cause of innominate vein obstruction and massive pleural effusion. PMID- 6987470 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function. AB - The ability of echocardiography to assess left ventricular function is entering an era of transition. Most existing data have been derived from M-mode measurements made along a single echo beam axis and, as such, were based on the assumption that the performance of the sampled segment represented that of the whole ventricle. The recent availability of two dimenensional echocardiography lessens the need to rely on this assumption. PMID- 6987471 TI - In memoriam Shirley Harold Baron, M.D. (1904-1979). PMID- 6987472 TI - The practice of strategic planning. PMID- 6987473 TI - [Water-salt balance studied by the radioindicator dilution method]. PMID- 6987474 TI - [Splitting of the daily focal dosage in the radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 6987475 TI - [On the 60th birthday of S. N. Aleksandrov]. PMID- 6987476 TI - [On the 60th birthday of A. I. Strashinin]. PMID- 6987477 TI - [In memoriam E. P. Ivanitskaia]. PMID- 6987478 TI - [Medical emblem and its history]. PMID- 6987479 TI - Remembrances of Paul Dudley White. PMID- 6987480 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 6987481 TI - Clinical and metabolic aspects of glucagonoma. AB - The features of 41 proven or suspected cases of pancreatic glucagonoma and one possible case of renal glucagonoma have been reviewed. Glucagonoma is one form of islet cell neoplasm and involves pancreatic alpha cells. It may occur more frequently in women and is more likely to be malignant than insulinoma. Patients may present with glucose intolerance, an erythematous, eczematous dermatitis, glossitis, stomatitis, vaginitis and unexplained weight loss. Anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoaminoacidemia and hypolipidemia may also be present. Malignant glucagonoma metastasizes frequently to liver. An evaluation for possible glucagonoma may be considered in a patient with the characteristic eczematous dermatitis, glossitis or stomatitis and glucose intolerance, an unusual or atypical history of diabetes mellitus, or hepatomegaly with other characteristics of glucagonoma. Initial evaluation may include measurement of fasting plasma glucagon concentration, and an oral glucose tolerance test with measurements of plasma glucose and glucagon levels. Extreme fasting hyperglucagonemia, and a paradoxical rise in plasma glucagon concentrations after glucose ingestion should strongly suggest the presence of glucagonoma. Radiographic demonstration of pancreatic glucagonoma is best carried out by celiac arteriography. Surgical excision of the tumor is the treatment of choice. Nonresectable lesions may respond to chemotherapy with streptozotocin. Treatment for the various dermatologic or metabolic complications of glucagonoma which include glucose intolerance, hypoproteinemia, hypocholesterolemia and anemia may not be satisfactory. Glucose intolerance is usually mild and may be adequately treated with dietary or insulin therapy. Rarely, glucagonoma with massive destruction of the pancreas or other factors may induce severe glucose intolerance. In contrast, the anemia, skin rash, and hypoproteinemia do not respond to conservative therapies tested thus far. Glucagonoma is a model for studying the importance of glucagon in causing the hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus. Study of patients with glucagonoma does suggest that glucagon has some role in the etiology of hyperglycemia in diabetic states; however, as in studies on diabetes, investigations on glucagonoma do not demonstrate that glucagon has a primary role in producing severe glucose intolerance. PMID- 6987482 TI - The alveolar-capillary barrier: some data and speculations. PMID- 6987483 TI - Diclofenac and ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. AB - Forty patients with arthritis (26 rheumatoid and 14 osteoarthrosis) entered a five-week double-blind crossover trial of diclofenac and ibuprofen. Four patients failed to complete the 10-week trial. There was no statistically significant difference in parameters of disease activity for the rheumatoid arthritis patients, but patients with osteoarthrosis fared significantly better on diclofenac. There was a low incidence of side effects on both regimens. PMID- 6987485 TI - Photochemical smog standards--practicability or purism: an evaluation of health risk in Sydney. AB - The photochemical smog conditions in Sydney are related to the effects on health, real and potential. Perspectives are presented with regard to the long-range goals of the World Health Organization, past and current United States Environmental Protection Agency standards, and current New South Wales prudent and actual aspirations in the short and long term. The need for practicable, rather than puritanical, goals in relation to possible adverse health effects is emphasized. The view is expressed that, while no significant ill health will be induced in current and improving atmospheric conditions, the aesthetic appearance of Sydney is unacceptable and therefore is detrimental to the feelings and well being which are part of health. PMID- 6987486 TI - William Norris, M.D.: a pioneer in the study of melanoma. PMID- 6987484 TI - Penbutolol in hypertension: evaluation of a new beta-adrenergic blocking drug. AB - The hypotensive effect of penbutolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocking drug, has been evaluated in a doulbe-blind crossover trial on 15 patients. Blood pressures were significantly lower during active drug treatment (P less than 0.001), the average reduction being: 1.7/0.9 kPa (13/7 mmHg) erect. PMID- 6987487 TI - The purification of an immunosuppressive factor extracted from bovine spleen- III. Purification process. PMID- 6987488 TI - Plaque morphology studied with immune hybridomas. PMID- 6987489 TI - Mathematical modelling and computers in endocrinology. PMID- 6987490 TI - gamma-Ray induced mutational spectrum in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli: comparison of induced and spontaneous spectra at the molecular level. AB - The spectrum of mutations induced by ionizing radiation (gamma-rays) was determined in the lacI gene of E. coli. Base substitution was the principal type of mutational event following ionizing radiation. Both transitions and transversions were produced, and no strong specificity for a particular base pair was observed. The spectra of spontaneous and of ionizing-radiation-induced base pair changes differed significantly at several locations within the lacI gene. The location of 3 of these differences corresponded to sites of spontaneous deamination "hot spots" from which we conclude that gamma-rays do not cause extensive deamination. The specific locus rate was calculated as 4.5 X 10(-10) mutations per rad per gene copy per cell, and the nucleotide substitution rate was 2.2 X 10(-12) per rad. The frameshift mutation, trpE997, was not reverted by gamma-rays. PMID- 6987491 TI - Genetic markers for quantitative mutagenesis studies in Chinese hamster ovary cells: characteristics of some recently developed selective systems. AB - Selection conditions have been optimized in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell system for a number of genetic markers. The genetic systems studied include resistance to the protein-synthesis inhibitors emetine (Emtr) and diphtheria toxin (Dipr), resistance to methylglyoxalbisguanylhydrazone (Mbgr) which affects polyamine transport, resistance to the nucleoside analogs toyocamycin and tubercidin (Toyr), and resistance to thioguanine (Thgr) and ouabain (OuaR). The optimal expression time following mutagenesis for various markers was between 2 and 6 days. A linear dose--response relationship between the concentration of mutagen (ethyl methanesulfonate) and mutation frequency has been observed over the range of 10--700 micrograms/ml, for all of the above markers except Toyr. The response of these markers to other mutagens such as tritium (3H) decay and ICR 191 show some specificity. Since the response of a number of genetic markers can be studied simultaneously in the CHO system, it should prove very useful for studies of quantitative mutagenesis and in assay systems for mutagen detection. PMID- 6987493 TI - Influence of recC and uvrD on ultraviolet-induced mutation to valine resistance in E. coli K12. AB - The production of mutants in E. coli exposed to ultraviolet light is initiated by photochemical reactions, and completed by metabolic processes controlled by recA and other genes. Ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis to valine resistance was measured in cells carrying recC, uvrD, or both recC and uvrD. The spontaneous and UV-induced mutagenesis was slightly greater in those carrying uvrD, as compared to recC or wild-type. At low doses, UV mutagenesis in the recC uvrD double mutant was greater than in either recC or wild-type, and was comparable to that in the uvrD strain, although this double mutant was very UV-sensitive and showed poor survival at doses above 2 J/m2. PMID- 6987492 TI - Ethylnitrosourea-induced mutagenesis in asynchronous and synchronous Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The toxic and mutagenic activity of the alkylating carcinogen N-ethyl-N nitrosourea (ENU) was studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Cell killing and induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) and ouabain-resistant (OUAr) mutants were determined as a function of ENU dose and treatment time in asynchronous cell populations. A dose-dependent induction of mutants was observed. The mutation frequency did not increase with longer than 30-min treatment times, implying that ENU breaks down rapidly in the cell. When synchronous populations of CHO cells obtained by mitotic detachment were treated with ENU at various times during the cell cycle, ENU-induced reproductive death was strongly dependent on the position in the cell cycle at the time of treatment, the time of highest sensitivity being the beginning of the S period. The pattern of mutation induction by ENU over the cell cycle was quite different from the pattern for cell killing. The induction of TGr mutants seemed to be independent of cell-cycle time. The induction of OUAr mutants was also independent of cell-cycle time after a low ENU dose; however, after a high ENU dose the frequency of OUAr mutants varied during the cell cycle, with a slight enhancement in B1 and a decrease in the early S period. There was no sign of enhanced mutation induction at the growing point for the two genetic markers tested. PMID- 6987495 TI - A rapid procedure for measurement of DNA repair in human fibroblasts and for complementation analysis of xeroderma pigmentosum cells. AB - A rapid procedure for measuring unscheduled DNA synthesis has been studied in detail. Human fibroblasts were brought into the non-dividing state by either growing to confluence or starvation for arginine. Residual semi-conservative synthesis was abolished by hydroxyurea. Hydroxyurea-resistant DNA synthesis which was induced by irradiation and chemical mutagens was presumed to represent repair synthesis and provided a very rapid semi-quantitative procedure for its measurement. Problems were encountered, however, when comparing the quantitative response of different cell strains. The variability between experiments was quite large, and we found that the level of repair synthesis depended not only on the mutagen and the genotype of the cell, but also on physiological factors. This led to some anomalous results. The system was able to detect with ease the large defects in UV-induced repair synthesis in fibroblasts from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) but it would probably not easily detect less than a 50% reduction in the level of repair synthesis. By extension of this procedure, in combination with cell fusion induced by polyethylene glycol, we have developed a method for carrying out genetic complementation of XP fibroblasts, which does not entail the use of either Sendai virus or of autoradiography. Results of complementation analysis of 4 XP cell strains are presented. PMID- 6987494 TI - The detection of carcinogen-induced sperm head abnormalities in mice. AB - The (CBA X BALB/c(F1 male mouse is sensitive to the induction of sperm-head abnormalities after exposure to a range of chemical mutagens and carcinogens. 8 carcinogens including ethionine and diethyl stilboestrol were correctly identified. 23 non-carcinogens and compounds of unknown carcinogenicity including a range of 13 substituted anilines and methionine did not induce sperm-head abnormalities. 4-Aminophenol induced an increase in sperm-head abnormalities. The utility of the procedure for identifying genotoxic compounds is discussed. PMID- 6987496 TI - The role of dimer excision in liquid-holding recovery of UV-irradiated haploid yeast. AB - We have directly tested the theory that liquid-holding recovery is due to an increase in the efficiency of excision-repair during holding in non-growth conditions, by assaying the dimers present in UV-irradiated cells held in saline, in growth medium or first in saline then in growth medium. We observed no differences in the amount of excision in any conditions. By assaying the kinetics of excision and comparing that with the timing of DNA synthesis, we have tested the theory that holding in growth medium allows more repair by extending the time available for it. We found that the observations were more consistent with the onset of DNA synthesis being dependent on the amount of repair rather than the converse. We have analysed the role of repair in liquid-holding recovery in a series of split-dose experiments. As Parry and Parry found, yeast cells which have been irradiated and held in non-growth conditions were much more resistant to further UV-irradiation. The increase in resistance was proportional both to the degree of fractionation of the dose and to the size of the first dose. No effect was observed if this was below 30 J . m-2. We found that the cells were able to excise more of the dimers induced if the UV dose was fractionated. We have shown that part of this increase in efficiency of excision is due to the relief of "dimer interference". "Dimer interference" is the name given to the inhibition of excision of a dimer by the presence of a neighbouring dimer. Most of the increase in efficiency, however, was due to the induction of more efficient excision repair per se, that is the excision of a greater fraction of the dimers present than could be excised in uninduced cells. Among the incidental observations we have made which are new and likely to be of interest are (1) that stationary phase cells showed a lag in the onset of excision, but log phase cells did not; (2) that excision was nevertheless constitutive in that it occurred in the presence of concentrations of cycloheximide inhibitory to protein synthesis and (3) that caffeine affected but did not inhibit dimer excision. PMID- 6987497 TI - Stability of frozen microsome preparations for use in the Ames' Salmonella mutagenicity assay. PMID- 6987498 TI - Co-mutagenic effects of propidium on petite induction by ethidium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Propidium, whose structure is closely related to ethidium bromide, induced a low level of petites in yeast, but only at high concentrations with long incubation time, and only in growth medium. When added to growing cells, propidium also caused a large increase in petite induction by ethidium even at submutagenic concentrations of ethidium. Incorporation of adenine into DNA was inhibited by propidium in mitochondria but not in nuclei. Propidium by itself had no effects on fragmentation of pre-existing DNA, but enhanced mitochondrial DNA degradation provoked by ethidium. The proportion of suppressive clones occurring among the petites from ethidium treatment was reduced by the presence of propidium. All of these results indicated that propidium treatment led to degradation of the mitochondrial DNA in petites induced by ethidium but not in native (intact) mitochondrial DNA, nor in spontaneous petite colonies. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of modulation of petite induction. PMID- 6987499 TI - Molecular dosimetry of the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate: quantitative comparison of mutation induction in Escherichia coli, V79 Chinese hamster cells and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells, and some cytological results in vitro and in vivo. AB - Molecular dosimetry studies were carried out to measure the extent of binding of radio-labeled ethyl groups to the DNA of Escherichia coli, V79 Chinese hamster cells and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). The results show that (1) the amount of ethylation of the DNA is similar in these cells when treatment conditions are identical, (2) the relationship between dose to DNA (ethylations per nucleotide) versus exposure (mM applied concentration) is non-linear in the sense that less alkylation of the DNA is observed at the higher exposures than would be predicted on the basis of proportionality between dose to DNA and exposure, and (3) the non-linearity of the genetic response in the bacterial cells is not reflected in a non-linearity of the alkylation of the DNA in those cells. Quantitative comparison of the frequencies of gene mutations in the various systems shows that the mutation frequency per unit of DNA alkylation is heterogeneous among the mammalian cell systems and that the frequencies observed in the bacterial cells fall within the range observed with mammalian cells. Alkylation of the DNA in the bone marrow, testis and liver of Swiss random bred mice was also measured. The results support the conclusion that the distribution of the compound to the various tissues is rapid and probably uniform. Quantitative assessment of the cytological data (micronuclei, sister chromatid exchanges, etc.) on the basis of dose was not as useful because of the low efficiency of EMS for inducing cytologically observable damage. PMID- 6987500 TI - Induction of heteroploidy in Gallus domesticus. AB - Intraperitoneal colcemid injection at the dose level of 0.37 mg/kg applied 3-4 h before the first oviposition produces a high frequency of triploids among the second oviposition eggs laid the first day after colcemid treatment. The triploids, mostly 3A-ZZW type, appear to be as developmentally compatible as contemporary diploids at both embryonic and hatching level. No other kinds of heteroploids besides triploids were found at hatching time even though a high frequency was observed in 24-h embryos. PMID- 6987501 TI - A method utilizing human lymphocytes with in vitro metabolic activation for assessing chemical mutagenicity by sister-chromatid exchange analysis. AB - A technique using human lymphocytes together with an Ames-type microsomal (S9) activation system for testing indirect chemical mutagens has been developed and examined. The cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide (CP), which only displays mutagenic properties after metabolic activation, was used as a test chemical and mutagenicity assessed in terms of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) induction. Direct exposure of lymphocytes to CP and S9 mix produced increases in the yield of SCE for CP concentrations down to 10(-6) M. Exposure times of 30, 60 and 120 min commencing at the beginning of cell culture or after 48 h gave different ranges of detection and response with later treatment being more effective for SCE induction. Variations in relative proportions of the S9 mix and culture medium constituents affected the lymphocytes' tolerance of toxic factors and modified the mutagen's effect. CP pre-incubated with S9 mix for 1 h before adding to the lymphocyte cultures also produced increases in SCE levels but the method was complicated and did not reduce toxicity. Direct addition of CP and S9 mix to the lymphocytes without prior pre-incubation showed maximum sensitivity, minimum toxicity and was a simpler, more reliable technique. PMID- 6987502 TI - Detection of bacteriophage in Ames mutagen tester strain TA100 after association with germ-free rats. PMID- 6987503 TI - Sex difference in sensitivity to the cytogenetic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate in mice demonstrated by the micronucleus test. PMID- 6987504 TI - Second European workshop on bacterial in vitro mutagenicity test systems (Ames test meeting 1979). PMID- 6987505 TI - 2-Aminopurine. PMID- 6987506 TI - Carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity of arsenic. AB - Arsenic may be released into the environmental through industrial processes and through the generation of power from coal. It is also widely used in agriculture and was formerly used extensively in medicine. For the general population, exposure to arsenic occurs mainly through the ingestion of foodstuffs containing inorganic and organic arsenicals. Trivalent arsenicals are regarded as being primarily sulfhydryl reagents with the result they inhibit a number of thiol dependent enzymic systems in various tissues. Arsenite also has an effect on DNA synthesis and DNA repair. Owing to its lower affinity for hydroxy and thiol groups, pentavalent arsenate inhibits fewer enzymic systems. Although there is no reliable evidence that arsenic produces tumors in experimental animals, epidemiological studies show that the incidence of epidermoid carcinomas of the skin and lungs, and of pre-cancerous dermal keratoses, is significantly increased in human subjects who have been chronically exposed to arsenic compounds by oral or respiratory routes. Arsenic appears to be one of the only teratogenic members of the Group V metals. Most of the studies performed on the mutagenic activity of arsenic have provided positive results. They involve experiments on microorganisms, plant material and Drosophila as well as observations on the ability of this metal to induce, in vitro and in vivo, chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells. PMID- 6987507 TI - Mutagenicity studies with nitrofurans. II. mutagenicity of nitrofurylacrylic acid for Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The mutagenicity of 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid (5-NFA) for Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA100, TA98, TA1535 and TA1950 was studied by using the spot test, liquid-incubation test, microsomal assay, host-mediated assay and mutagenic analysis of blood and urine from treated mice. 5-NFA was dissolved in physiological saline or 10% ethanol. In the spot test, mutagenicity was found with TA100 and TA98 tester strains. A dose-related increase in mutation frequency was observed in the liquid-incubation test (at concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 micrograms 5-NFA/ml) with TA100 and TA1535; TA100 was the more sensitive. The use of ethanol reduced bacterial cell survival and increased the frequency of revertants. The Salmonella/microsomal assay showed no difference in mutagenic activity between the 5-NFA samples in tests with and without metabolic activation in vitro. In the host-mediated assay, mutagenicity of 5-NFA was detected after its applications in 3 fractionated doses. Subcutaneously applied 5-NFA was mutagenic after a total dose of 15 mg/kg, and after intragastric application of a total dose of 150 mg/kg. When blood samples from treated mice were analysed, the mutagenicity of 5-NFA at intragastric doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg was observed for the tester strains TA100, TA98 and TA1950. The highest frequency of revertants was detected 15 or 30 min after administration of 5-NFA, the level being reached, according to the dose applied and strain used, after 1--2 h and confirmed in the course of 48 h. At the dose of 10 mg/kg, no mutagenic change was observed. Both tests on blood samples and host-mediated assay yielded identical results regardless of whether 5-NFA was dissolved in physiological saline or in 10% ethanol. Experiments in which mutagenic activity in urine was analysed demonstrated the mutagenicity of 5-NFA at the dose of 150 mg/kg with maxima after 24 and 48 h. PMID- 6987508 TI - Mutagenicity studies with nitrofurans. III. Mutagenicity testing of nitrofurylacrylic acid in human blood and urine. AB - Human blood and urine mutagenicity of 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid (5-NFA) was analysed by using Salmonella typhimurium indicator strains TA100 AND TA98 and the cytogenetic analysis of human peripheral lymphocytes. 8 human volunteers were given doses of 1 g 5-NFA per os. The mutagenic effect in blood was analysed after 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h, in urine after 0, 2 and 4 h. Cytogenetic analysis was done 0, 24 and 72 h after administration of 5-NFA. The experiment was repeated with 3 volunteers in the course of 96 h. When each of 8 volunteers consumed 1 g of 5 NFA, the mutagenicity was observed in 6 blood samples 1 h after exposure for strain TA98 (doubled number or revertants) and in all urine samples taken between the 2nd and 6th hours for both strains used. 7 volunteers given 10 mg 5-NFA in wine (2 sets) showed no mutagenicity of blood or urine for TA100 or TA98 indicator strains. These results are believed to indicate an enhanced elimination of 5-NFA from the human body. PMID- 6987509 TI - Mutagenicity of smoke condensates from joss sticks. AB - Smoke condensates obtained from 8 Japanese brands of joss sticks were assayed for mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 with and without metabolic activation by S9 mix. An average of 22 mg of smoke condensate was obtained per joss stick weighing about 0.3 g. Smoke condensates obtained from all the joss sticks tested showed definite mutagenicity with a linear dose response on both tester strains of bacteria with metabolic activation. Without S9 mix, the smoke condensates from some of the joss sticks also showed positive mutagenicity on TA100 at 0.15 or 0.3 mg/plate. The revertant numbers over the background counts induced by 1-mg samples of the smoke condensates from joss sticks with S9 mix were 140--310 with TA100 and 90--200 with TA98. These values were one-fifth to half that of cigarette smoke condensate with TA100 and one-fourteenth to one fifth that with TA98. However, it was calculated that, when joss sticks are burnt continuously in a closed space under the usual conditions, the mutagenicity of their smoke per unit volume of air is similar to that of the smoke produced by the smoking of two cigarettes per hour. Extracts of unburnt joss sticks with methanol, chloroform or dimethylsulfoxide had no mutagenicity, showing that the burning process produces the mutagenic substance(s). PMID- 6987510 TI - Proflavin: an unusual mutagen. AB - In the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay, proflavin (PF), in the dark, was shown to possess some direct-acting frameshift mutagenic activity for strains TA1537 and TA98. In the presence of microsomal enzymes from mouse, hamster and rat livers, frameshift mutagenic activity for strain TA1538 and enhanced mutagenicity for strain TA1537 was observed. Exposure of bacteria to PF in the presence of visible light resulted in base substitution (strain TA1535) as well as frameshift (TA1537, TA1538, TA98) genetic activities. The findings are taken to indicate that PF possesses direct-acting frameshift activity (TA1537 and TA98) by virtue of its ability to intercalate between DNA base-pairs. The frameshift activity (TA1538, TA98 and enhanced TA1537) seen following metabolic or photo activation may be due to the formation of chemical adducts between the cellular DNA and oxidation products of PF (a base-displacement effect). The light-induced base-substitution activity probably results from the generation of singlet oxygen which reacts with the guanine moiety of DNA. The mutagenic photoproduct of PF appears to be stable. PMID- 6987511 TI - Mutagenicity of platinum coordination complexes in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 6987512 TI - Dominant lethal mutation induced in male rats by 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). AB - 1,2-Dibromoethane (DBE) and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), soil fumigants, were investigated for their potential mutagenicity by dominant lethal studies in the rat and mouse. Dominant lethal mutation was induced by DBE in neither of the species. DBCP, on the other hand, induced dominant lethals in rats in the post meiotic stage of spermatogenesis, especially in the early spermatid stage. However, DBCP did not cause dominant lethals in mice. PMID- 6987513 TI - 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene depletes glutathione in rat skin and is mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 6987514 TI - Association of MB compatibility with successful intrafamilial kidney transplantation. AB - The MB system is a newly defined system of B-cell alloantigens closely associated with HLA-DR. We assessed the role of MB compatibility in renal transplantation in a retrospective study of 21 patients who had received a kidney transplant from a related donor matched for a single HLA haplotype. One-year transplant survival was closely correlated with the presence of a compatibile MB antigen in the unshared haplotype of the donor: Eight of eight rejected kidneys were obtained from MB-incompatible donors, and 12 of 13 successful transplants were from MB compatible donors. The association between MB compatibility and allograft acceptance was highly significant (P = 4.4 x 10(-5)), but no significant relation could be demonstrated between transplant survival and donor-recipient compatibility for antigens of the HLA-A, B or DR loci. These findings suggest that match matching for MB may be critical for the selection of donors in intrafamilial kidney transplantation. PMID- 6987515 TI - Whe reviews the reviewers? A retrospective study of medicare determinations. PMID- 6987516 TI - Franz J. Ingelfinger, 1910--1980. PMID- 6987517 TI - HLA and renal transplantation. PMID- 6987518 TI - Increased insulin receptors after exercise in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Physical exercise is known to improve glucose tolerance and diminish insulin requirements in patients with well-controlled diabetes mellitus. To ascertain whether these effects of exercise are associated with alterations in insulin receptors, we studied [125I]insulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes in athletically untrained young men with insulin-treated diabetes during three hours of postprandial bicycle exercise (nine patients) and two hours of exercise during fasting (eight patients). Compared with control periods, postprandial exercise, as well as exercise during fasting, significantly increased insulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes at an insulin-tracer concentration of 34 pmol per liter. We suggest that similar changes occur in working muscle cells and contribute to the improved glucose tolerance induced by exercise. PMID- 6987519 TI - Drug therapy: antiviral agents (first of two parts). PMID- 6987520 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 15-1980. PMID- 6987521 TI - Long-term evaluation of chlorambucil plus prednisone in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood. AB - We evaluated the long-term effects of a five to 15-week course of chlorambucil and prednisone in 59 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who had previously received prednisone alone and had had frequent relapses or steroid dependency or resistance. By actuarial analysis of 65 courses of dual therapy followed up for one to 12 years (mean, 5.0), we found that 95 per cent of patients were in remission at one year and 85 per cent at four years. All but two had remissions lasting longer than those induced by steroids alone, and only eight others had one or more relapses after therapy. Life-table analysis of two dosage schedules of chlorambucil at four years showed that 91 per cent of patients on low doses and 80 per cent of those on high doses were still in remission. Although immediate complications were minimal, the potential for long term toxicity still requires careful selection of patients who receive chlorambucil. Prolonged use of chlorambucil in daily doses above 0.3 mg per kilogram of body weight per day or cumulative doses above 14 mg per kilogram is no longer warranted. Measured in terms of both the immediate and long-term responses, chlorambucil appears to lower the frequency of relapses in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6987522 TI - Sutton's or Dock's law? PMID- 6987523 TI - Transposable mating-type genes in yeasts. PMID- 6987524 TI - Abnormal expression of chromosomal rabbit beta-globin gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A 5.1 kilobase-pair segment of rabbit chromosomal beta-globin DNA was joined to pJDB219, a plasmid consisting of pMB9, the 2-mu yeast plasmid and the yeast leu-2 gene. Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with the globin DNA-containing hybrid produced beta-globin-specific RNA. As compared to mature beta-globin mRNA, these transcripts lacked 20-40 nucleotides from the 5' end, contained all of the small intron and extended to about the middle of the large intron. Thus, no splicing of the primary beta-globin transcript could be detected in the yeast cells. PMID- 6987525 TI - Identification of specific leech neurones immunoreactive to enkephalin. AB - The small endogenous peptides, Met- and Leu-enkephalin, bind to the same specific receptors as opiate analgesics. They, and the larger endorphin peptides, have been widely found in mammals, where they seem to have a significant role in neuronal pathways mediating pain and emotional behaviour. Only recently has enkephalin-like activity been identified in an invertebrate, the earthworm, although there is some preliminary evidence for opiate receptors in a marine mollusc. Here I report the detection, by an immunocytochemical technique, of an enkephalin-like moiety which is localised in one of the 400 cells of each posterior midbody ganglion of the leech. The presence of enkephalin-like activity in an identifiable easily accessible neurone of a well characterised nervous system such as that of the leech could greatly facilitate elucidation of its mechanism of action. PMID- 6987526 TI - Order and intracellular location of the events involved in the maturation of a spliced tRNA. AB - Microinjected frog oocytes were used to analyse the RNA processing steps which lead to the appearance of a mature cytoplasmic tRNAtyr molecule. The results show that removal of the intervening sequence from within a yeast tRNAtyr precursor, excision of extra 3' and 5' nucleotides, addition of a 3'-terminal CCA and modification of at least seven ribonucleotides all occur in the nucleus before the tRNAtyr is transported to the cytoplasm. Moreover, we find that the ribonucleotide modifications occur in a strict order which precisely correlates with the size alterations of the tRNAtyr precursor. PMID- 6987527 TI - Isolation of chromosomal origins of replication in yeast. AB - Origins of replication have been identified in the DNA of viruses, mitochondria, bacterial plasmids and the bacterial chromosome. However, origins of replication of eukaryote chromosomes have remained elusive because of the large size and sequence complexity of chromosomes and in particular for want of a suitable assay for their detection. Recent development of techniques for genetic transformation of yeast by autonomously replicating cytoplasmic plasmids now makes it possible to search for eukaryote origins in a manner analogous to that used for bacteria. Here we describe the construction and properties of a plasmid which contains no effective eukaryote replication origin and whose efficiency of replication in yeast is greatly enhanced by insertion of certain fragments of yeast chromosomal DNA. We believe these to contain replication origins, since yeast transformants are shown to contain copies of the transforming plasmids. PMID- 6987528 TI - G.S. Adair. PMID- 6987529 TI - A demonstration of navigation by small rodents using an orientation cage. PMID- 6987530 TI - Lentil lectin effectively induces allotransplantation tolerance in mice. AB - The interaction of lectins with carbohydrate receptors on the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells results in a wide variety of biological effects. One effect which has been extensively studied is the stimulation of lymphocytes to blastogenesis and proliferation. High doses of concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) have been shown to activate in vitro regulatory cells capable of suppressing proliferation of other cells in the culture. However, Con A and PHA treatment were used effectively to prolong the survival of skin and heart allografts before it was recognised that some lectins have an activatory effect on suppressor cells in vitro. A possible explanation of these tolerogenic effects is the activation of specific suppressor cells. In this letter we have compared systematically various lectins differing in their carbohydrate specificity and mitogenicity in relation to their ability to induce prolonged skin allograft survival in mice with the aim of selecting the most effective lectin tratment schedule. Some preliminary results of this study have been mentioned in a recent review. PMID- 6987531 TI - David Scott Gilbert. PMID- 6987532 TI - Research data: private property or public good? PMID- 6987533 TI - Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon activity. AB - Double-stranded cDNA prepared from the 12S fraction of poly(A) RNA from interferon (IF)-producing human leukocytes was cloned in Escherichia coli using the pBR322 vector. One of the resulting clones had a 910-base pair insert which could hybridise to IF mRNA and was responsible for the production of a polypeptide with biological IF activity. Up to 10,000 units IF activity per g of cells was obtained from some clones. PMID- 6987534 TI - Luteinising hormone-releasing and anti-fertility properties of a glucagon selective somatostatin analogue. AB - The hypothalamic tetradecapeptide, somatostatin (SRIF), inhibits the secretion of growth hormone (GH) and numerous other hormones, including insulin and glucagon. Attempts to use SRIF as an adjunct in the treatment of diabetes mellitus met with limited success due to its short biological half-life and the undesirable diabetogenic activity of its insulin-lowering properties. Efforts at synthesis have yielded SRIF derivatives with prolonged GH-lowering activity which did not suppress glucagon or had equivalent insulin-inhibiting activity as well as several short-acting compounds with the appropriate glucagon specificity. A dodecapeptide analogue [des-Ala, Gly] His-D-Trp-SRIF (Wy-41, 747) has been identified that combines selective inhibition of GH and glucagon release with prolonged activity. However, in routine pharmacological tests chronic treatment of mature rats with Wy-41, 747 produced anti-reproductive effects resembling those described for luteinising hormone (LH)-releasing hormone (RH) and its agonists. We report here that Wy-41, 747, unlike SRIF and other of its analogues tested, releases LH, induces ovulation and inhibits pregnancy when administered before or after implantation; these properties are traditionally associated with the separate LH-releasing class of peptides. PMID- 6987535 TI - C.S. Hallpike. PMID- 6987536 TI - Reintroduction of genetically transformed bone marrow cells into mice. PMID- 6987537 TI - Fluorescently labelled molecules as probes of the structure and function of living cells. PMID- 6987538 TI - Gene transfer in intact animals. AB - Resistance to methotrexate was induced in bone marrow cells of mice by transformation in vitro with DNA from a drug-resistant cell line. Transformed cells were injected in vivo and haematopoietic cells expressing resistance were selected by drug treatment of recipients. Transformed cells had elevated levels of dihydrofolate reductase and demonstrated a proliferative advantage over untransformed cells, indicating successful gene transfer. PMID- 6987539 TI - Unequal crossing over in the ribosomal DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Unequal sister chromatid exchanges occur at the ribosomal DNA locus of yeast during mitotic growth. The frequency of unequal crossing over, as measured by the deletion or duplication of an inserted genetic marker (LEU2), is sufficient to maintain the sequence homogeneity of the rDNA repeat units. PMID- 6987540 TI - Cell-free synthesis of enterotoxin of E. coli from a cloned gene. PMID- 6987541 TI - Highland Hospital revisited. PMID- 6987542 TI - [New dimensions in the treatment of cancer?]. PMID- 6987544 TI - Quality of life of dialysis and transplanted patients. AB - The adjustment of patients on chronic hemodialysis was compared to that of transplanted patients by clinical follow-up and psychological tests. It was found that patients' psychological condition is one of the factors that prompt patients to desire transplantation. In terms of rehabilitation no difference was found between the two groups. Yet, the sense of well-being of the transplanted patients was obvious in the clinical follow-ups and reflected in the retesting. The suggestion was put forward that this sense of well-being is linked to steroid effects. PMID- 6987543 TI - Mechanism of the anemia of chronic renal failure. PMID- 6987545 TI - An unsung hero--the living related kidney donor. PMID- 6987546 TI - Kidney preservation in-vitro: an overview of current methods. PMID- 6987548 TI - [Automated pattern recognition of clinical electroencephalogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 6987547 TI - [EEG and sleep (author's transl)]. PMID- 6987549 TI - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): in vitro cell-mediated immune responses to mitogens and JC virus. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was studied by in vitro tests in seven patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogenic stimulation was reduced to a variable degree in all patients, indicating a general impairment of cell-mediated immune responsiveness, although mitogen-induced production of the lymphokine migration inhibitory factor (LIF) was normal in most cases. Cell-mediated immunity to JC virus (JCV) was assessed by LIF production in response to JCV antigen. In the six PML patients tested, LIF production with JCV antigen was absent despite the presence of antibody to JCV in serum. This contrasted with positive LIF production in seropositive normal individuals and patients and patients with other diseases. These results provide the first in vitro evidence of a depressed cell-mediated immune response to JCV in patients with PML, and support the hypothesis that PML is accompanied by a selective marked deficiency in cellular response to this virus in association with a general depression of cell-mediated immunity of variable severity. PMID- 6987550 TI - Transmissible dementias: current problems in tissue handling. PMID- 6987551 TI - [Rupture of the duodenum caused by closed abdominal injury. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 6987552 TI - [The lymphoid-like cells in blastic transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia]. AB - The natural history of chornic myeloid leukaemia (CML) usually ends with a blastic transformation (BT). In 30% of cases, BT displays the cytomorphological, cytochemical, immunological and biochemical features and the response to therapy observed in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The presence of lymphoid-like cells in a blood disease classically interpreted as a disorder of the myeloid strain led to the suggestion that CML is a disease of a stem cell capable of displaying both myeloid and lymphoid characters. It is thought that this is due to the fact that the Ph1 alteration strikes a premyeloid and prelympoid stem cell that presents myeloid features in the chronic stage of CML and in myeloblastic BT, whereas it displays lymphoid characteristics in the lymphblastic BT of CML and Ph1+ ALL. This fact lends support to the unicystic haematopoietic theory of Ferrata. Reference is made to a case in which the BT of CML was marked by the predominant presence of cells with a lymphoblastic appearance. PMID- 6987554 TI - "Floyd and Beasely visit the hospital": a preoperative puppet show. PMID- 6987553 TI - [Critical review of the physiopathological and clinical aspects of Addison's disease]. PMID- 6987555 TI - A dragon in the land. PMID- 6987556 TI - Hypothalamic dysfunction in a case of massive obesity. PMID- 6987557 TI - Helping the diabetic manage his self-care. PMID- 6987558 TI - Meditation and stress control. PMID- 6987559 TI - Stress and tension control. PMID- 6987560 TI - Cupping in New York State--1978; historic review. PMID- 6987561 TI - Oliver Wendell Holmes, M.D. (1809--1894); medical and literary knowledge intertwined. PMID- 6987562 TI - Cancer effects of low-level radiation; theoretic considerations in competing causes of death. PMID- 6987563 TI - Master two-step test: present status. PMID- 6987564 TI - Factitious diseases including Munchausen's syndrome. PMID- 6987566 TI - Volume 1, No. 4. PMID- 6987565 TI - Volume 50, No. 4. PMID- 6987567 TI - Periodontics: art and science. PMID- 6987568 TI - Dentistry's immediate past is prologue. PMID- 6987569 TI - The air turbine. PMID- 6987570 TI - I was lured into the practice of dentistry under false pretenses. PMID- 6987571 TI - Periodontics 1950-1980. PMID- 6987572 TI - Periodontal therapy. PMID- 6987574 TI - Sixty-two years of practice. PMID- 6987573 TI - Unfinished business. PMID- 6987575 TI - Fiftieth year. PMID- 6987576 TI - Odontophilately. PMID- 6987577 TI - Treatment of TMJ and other facial pains: a critical review. PMID- 6987578 TI - Human in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6987579 TI - Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia in gynecologic malignancy. PMID- 6987580 TI - Bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) in the management of amenorrhea/galactorrhea associated with hyperprolactinemia. AB - The efficacy and safety of bromocriptine mesylate (5 to 7.5 mg per day for up to 24 weeks) were studied in 22 clinical trials involving 226 patients who had amenorrhea/galactorrhea associated with hyperprolactinemia and no demonstrable pituitary tumor. Of the 187 patients evaluated for efficacy, 80% experienced reinitiation of menses (or pregnancy without first having menses); the average treatment time (excluding those who conceived) was 5.7 weeks. Galactorrhea was significantly (at least 75%) reduced in 76% of the 187 patients after an average treatment tome of 6.4 weeks, and was completely suppressed in 58% after 12.7 weeks. Maximum reduction in serum prolactin levels occurred within the first 4 weeks of therapy and the reduced levels were maintained during treatment; moreover, there was a strong correlation between prolactin reduction and clinical improvement. Adverse reactions were reported by 68% of the 226 patients evaluated for safety; in general, these reactions were mild and transient. Several patients experienced hypotension, but only 1 discontinued therapy because of it. Based on these findings, bromocriptine mesylate was judged safe and efficacious for this purpose. PMID- 6987582 TI - Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus: randomized controlled treatment study at term. AB - A randomized controlled investigation was undertaken to evaluate the role of maternal oral antibiotic therapy in decreasing the incidence of maternal and neonatal colonization at term with group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GB-BHS). Data were collected to determine the optimum transfer media and the colonization rate in the study population. At delivery 1441 maternal-infant pairs were evaluated. One hundred sixty-eight women (11.6%) and 55 infants (3.8%) were colonized. Forty-four women colonized with GB-BHS at 38 weeks' gestation were randomly assigned to a treatment (500 mg potassium penicillin or erythromycin ethylsuccinate q.i.d.) or a control group to determine the value of antepartum oral antibiotic therapy in preventing infant colonization. There was a significant reduction in maternal (P = 0.008) and infant (P = 0.004) colonization rates in the treatment group. There were no observed complications of antibiotic therapy in mothers or infants. This study suggests that routine cultures for GB BHS should be done at 38 weeks' gestation. Mothers colonized at this time may be considered candidates for prophylactic antibiotic treatment. PMID- 6987581 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in obstetrics and gynecology. AB - The diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are discussed and 2 cases are presented. ARDS has varied etiology but common clinical, roentgenographic, and pathologic findings; it has been increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in seriously ill patients. The obstetrician-gynecologist must be aware of this condition, for survival depends upon prompt diagnosis and meticulous therapy of the condition and its underlying cause. PMID- 6987583 TI - Use of dermal graft in the surgical repair of vaginal vault prolapse. AB - The use of dermal graft in the surgical repair of vaginal vault prolapse following hysterectomy is described. This tissue offers several advantages when compared with other materials frequently used. It is homologous, readily available, and easy to obtain; it has good strength and does not provoke foreign body reactions or infections. PMID- 6987584 TI - Temporary submucosal cervical cerclage. AB - A submucosal, easily removable cervical cerclage was placed in 37 patients with cervical incompetence. The perinatal mortality rate compared favorably with reports using other techniques, and the cesarean section rate was not different from that in the overall obstetric population. In view of the absence of any complications, this technique would seem to be the cerclage of choice. PMID- 6987586 TI - Salpingitis-perihepatitis in a patient with cervical Shigella sonnei. AB - A case of perihepatitis-salpingitis syndrome is described in a woman from whose cervix Shigella sonnei was isolated. Her sexual practices included anal, then vaginal, intercourse, which may account for the pathogenesis. PMID- 6987585 TI - Extramembranous pregnancy: maternal, placental, and perinatal implications. AB - The case of a patient who survived extramembranous pregnancy is presented, and the maternal, fetal, placental, and neonatal features of the condition are described and delineated. Previously underscribed phenomena include clinical evidence of fixed fetal position and a unique pattern of hemosiderin and hematoidin staining of the fetal membranes. The patient described had an intermediate form of the oligohydramnios tetrad following premature rupture of the membranes; the infant survived with respiratory support therapy in spite of apparent partial lung hypoplasia. On the basis of this and previous observations of the outcome of pregnancy complicated by prolonged amniotic fluid leakage, preliminary recommendations for the management of such pregnancies are made. PMID- 6987588 TI - Drugs & dosages: Anturane. PMID- 6987587 TI - Vision and the artist. PMID- 6987589 TI - Use of Na-hyaluronate in auto-corneal transplantation in rabbits. AB - Some of the distressing results found in eyes with clear corneal transplants are secondary glaucoma due to anterior synechiae, a high degree of astigmatism, and loss of large numbers of endothelial cells. In an attempt to decrease these complications, auto corneal transplantation was performed in each eye of fifteen rabbits. Na-hyaluronate, a clear viscous solution, was instilled in one eye prior to suture closure and balanced salt solution was placed in the control eye during suture closure. During the 4-week postoperative period, it was observed that the eyes treated with Na-hyaluronate showed a statistically significant decrease in corneal edema, a lower incidence of anterior synechiae, and a decrease in astigmatism which did not meet rigid statistical significance. PMID- 6987590 TI - The effects of cold on hemostasis. AB - In vitro coagulation times and in vivo bleeding times were proportionally prolonged as the rabbit ear temperature was lowered from ambient temperature to 1 degree C. Cooling of the ear caused an increase in bleeding rather than the decrease generally attributed to cold application. The effects of temperature on the various aspects of hemostasis are discussed, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. An optimal nonfreezing cold temperature which could consistently enhance hemostasis could not be determined. PMID- 6987591 TI - A comparative evaluation of the current methods for open reduction of the congenitally displaced hip. AB - The history of open reduction for congenital dislocation of the hips is reviewed. There are currently five procedures used for open reduction of the hip. Each of these procedures is reviewed as to rationale, anatomic approach, and advantages. An attempt is made to review the literature concerning the complications and results associated with these various procedures. The author concludes by attempting to formulate the indications for each of the five procedures. PMID- 6987593 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity study by skin testing in 129 critically ill patients (author's transl)]. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing was performed in 129 critically ill patients. Six intradermal antigens were used: tuberculin, candidin, varidase, epidermophytin, trichophytin and CCB (a polyvalent microbial vaccine from the Pasteur Institute). The response was judged as positive when one test or more were positive. Patients were devided in four groups: group A (40 cases): non infected patients, a priori without immunodeficiency; group B (14 cases); suspected of immunodeficiency (cancers, hemopathies, collagen diseases receiving corticosteroids); group C (24 cases): decompensated chronic respiratory insufficienceis; group D (50 cases): overwhelming sepsis (septicaemias, septic acute respiratory distress syndromes, thoracic empyemas, purulent meningitis, peritonitis, mediastinitis). A significant diminution of delayed hypersensitivity was observed in groups B, C and D. No relation was found between delayed hypertensitivity and prognosis in groups C and D. PMID- 6987592 TI - [Morphology of adipose tissue. Study in 102 obese subjects in reference to some clinical and biological criteria (author's transl)]. AB - In spite of the methodological reserves that the measure of adipocyte volume and the calculation of the number of adipocytes evoke, it appeared interesting to us to study these parameters in a group of 102 obese subjects in reference to some clinical and biological criteria. The following conclusions come out of this study. The greater the obesity, the greater the adipocyte volume. There is a positive correlation between the importance of obesity and cellularity of the adipose tissue. However, this correlation is no longer found for the most obese patients, in whom adipocyte hypertrophy intervenes but no longer the multiplication of the fat cells. The onset of obesity at adolescence pairs with a number of adipocytes higher than in the other chronological forms: obesity appearing at adolescence would be thus more frequently hyperplastic. This characteristic is not discovered in the cases of obesity appearing in infancy. No relation was found between the existence of impaired glucose tolerance and mean adipocyte diameter and/or the number of adipocytes. It has been the same for the cases of hyperlipidemia. PMID- 6987594 TI - [Growth hormone: mode of action on different varieties of cartilage (author's transl)]. AB - 1) The growth of epiphyseal cartilages of long bones, of spheno-occipital synchondrosis of the cranial base, of the cartilage of the nasal septum, of lateral cartilaginous masses of the ethmoid, of cartilage between body and greater wings of the sphenoid (all stemming from the primary cartilaginous skeleton of the organism), is subject to general extrinsic factors and, more specifically, to the growth hormone (STH) and somatomedin. In this case, orthopedic devices can alterate the direction but not the amount of growth. 2) The growth of condylar, coronoid and angular cartilages of the mandible, of the cartilage of the midpalatal suture, and of the cartilage in some cranial sutures (all of secondary formation during phylogenesis and ontogenesis) is subject to local extrinsic factors as well as to growth hormone and somatomedin. In this case, appropriate orthopedic devices may modulate both the direction and the amount of growth. 3) Our cybernetic models attempt to account for the mechanisms of facial growth. By intensifying the forward growth of the nasal septum cartilage, the STH and somatomedin stimulate the forward growth of the upper jaw, i.e. the forward positioning of the superior dental arch (the position of which is the "constantly changing reference input" of the servosystem). The "operation of confrontation" between the position of the upper and lower occlusal surfaces (the position of the lower dental arch is the "controlled variable" of the servosystem) gives then rise to a "deviation signal" (originating from detectors of occlusal adjustment) whose "reduction" is made possible by a supplementary postural activity of the lateral pterygoid muscle resulting, extemporaneously, in an appropriate forward positioning of the mandible and, with time, in a supplementary growth of the condylar cartilage. By intensifying the outward growth of lateral cartilaginous masses of the ethmoid and of the cartilage between the body and greater wings of the sphenoid, the STH and somatomedin bring about a lateralization of both the left and right sides of the upper jaw and, in this way, stimulate the growth of the secondary cartilage of the midpalatal suture. PMID- 6987595 TI - [Present-day evaluation of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 6987596 TI - A new device for differentiated tissue sampling in rat kidney. AB - Since freeze-clamping does not allow to sample the diffrent renal areas a new method of kidney tissue sampling in anesthetized rats is described. It consists in sectioning a slice in the middle of the rat kidney and immediately freezing. This device allows quick and accurate separation of the different renal areas, and especially of the papilla which is almost entirely sampled. Complete freezing is obtained within 7s after clamping of the renal artery. As proof of adequate "in vivo" fixing, adenine nucleotide levels were assessed in each tissue sample. ATP concentration in cortex samples was 1.62 +/- 0.33 mumole/g wet tissue, this value is comparable with those obtained in the cortex by freeze-clamping. PMID- 6987597 TI - [Comparative statistical study of two antiemetics, metoclopramide and metopimazine, effects on the oestrus cycle in the female rat (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative study of two antiemetic neuroleptics, metoclopramide and metopimazine, effects on the oestrus cycle of female rats has been done. These compounds were administered once daily for 21 consecutive days (1, 0,1, 0,01, 0,001 mg/kg/s.c.) on Wistar AFSPF rats, exhibiting regular four day cycles. Evolution of oestrus cycle was studied by daily vaginal smears. Our data show that metoclopramide does not influence oestrus cycle, while metopimazine suppress oestrus cycles, substituted for a permanent dioestrus. For the last compound, a statistically significant difference between treated and controls is demonstrated. PMID- 6987598 TI - [Intrinsic regulation of the condylar cartilage growth rate (author's transl)]. AB - The experimental results reported above, strongly suggest the existence of an intrinsic regulatory mechanism of the condylar cartilage growth rate. The cell density as such cannot account, at least not completely, for the findings. In other words, there must be a "negative feed-back signal" originating from the proximal part of the chondroblastic zone and exerting a restraining effect on the prechondroblastic multiplication rate. The concept of an intrinsic regulation of the condylar cartilage growth rate can help to explain the effects of some orthopaedic or orthodontic appliances as well as of a hormone, thyroxine. The earlier commencement of chondroblastic hypertrophy and the subsequent decrease in the prechondroblast restraining signal appear to be an important intermediary step in the growth-stimulating effect of the mandibular postural hyperpropulsor. The acceleration of the chondroblastic maturation rate is, in a similar way, an intermediary step for the growth-rate stimulating effect of thyroxine. PMID- 6987599 TI - 125I-insulin receptor binding to cord blood erythrocytes of varying gestational age and comparison with adult values. AB - The measurement of 125I-insulin binding to erythrocytes from 34 samples of cord blood (% B/T = 11.2 +/- 3.8) showed statistically significant differences when compared to adult erythrocytes (% B/T = 6.6 +/- 1.7). Preterm erythrocytes (% B/T = 14.7 +/- 3.4) bound significantly more insulin when compared to term erythrocytes (% B/T = 10.1 +/- 3.2). The negative correlation (r = -0.613; P = 0.001) between insulin binding and gestational age indicates that the trend during the final trimester of gestation is toward the lower binding observed for adult cells. The major differences in binding between adult and term cord blood erythrocytes may be primarily attributed to differences in the number of binding sites per cell. Additionally, there are small differences in both affinity and number of sites per cell in preterm as compared to term and adult erythrocytes. PMID- 6987600 TI - Fetal and maternal hormonal response to starvation in the ewe. PMID- 6987602 TI - A review. Cystic fibrosis at forty--quo vadis? PMID- 6987601 TI - Effects of a sustained insulin infusion upon glucose uptake and oxygenation of the ovine fetus. PMID- 6987604 TI - Anomalies of heart, spleen, kidneys, gut, and limbs may result from an overdistended neural tube: a hypothesis. AB - A hypothesis is advanced that many congenital anomalies of non-neural organs may be produced by damage to their mesodermal or entodermal anlagen caused by overdistention of the embryonic neural tube. Evidence to support the hypothesis derives from: (1) seldom appreciated but unequivocal embryologic facts about prechoroid plexus neural tube morphogenesis; (2) an understanding of the role of neural tube overdistention in the production of various dysraphic conditions; (3) the frequency of association of non-neural anomalies with dysraphic conditions; and 4) an analysis of the anatomic features of the organ anomalies associated with dysraphism. The practical utility of the hypothesis is that (1) it helps explain a seemingly widely divergent subset of phenomenology and (2) it is testable. At present, treatment of children with congenital anomalies is largely palliative. Prevention of these distressing defects in the future will only be realizable if the mechanisms of their genesis are more clearly understood. PMID- 6987603 TI - Ontogeny of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the fetal and newborn lamb. AB - Thirteen chronic fetal lamb preparations between 95 and 142 days of gestation (term 145--150 days), and 10 newborn lambs were studied before and after the acute (1--2 min) infusion of furosemide (2 mg/kg). The baseline to peak plasma renin activity (PRA) response to furosemide increased from delta 3.0 +/- 1.3 ng/ml/hr (M and SEM) and 95--106 days of gestation to delta 18.4 +/- 4.0 (P less than 0.01) at 123--142 days and delta 33.6 +/- 6.5 (P less than 0.001) in the newborn. Baseline plasma aldosterone concentrations were similar in the fetus and pregnant ewe; aldosterone levels were higher in the newborn lamb than in the nonpregnant ewe. The newborn plasma aldosterone response to furosemide via the endogenous renin-angiotensin was delta 17.1 +/- 4.2 ng/dl (P less than 0.01); the fetal lamb plasma aldosterone level did not increase. The results indicate that the renin-angiotensin system cannot be stimulated by furosemide under 106 days of gestation; the response after 110 days increases with gestational age. Aldosterone concentrations in the fetal lamb are probably maintained primarily by the pregnant ewe and do not increase in response to endogenous renin stimulation as in the newborn. PMID- 6987605 TI - Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in a patient with metastatic neuroblastoma refractory to conventional therapy. AB - A child with metastatic neuroblastoma refractory to conventional chemotherapy was treated with lethal doses of chemotherapy and total body irradiation followed by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. A complete remission was achieved. However, the tumor recurred after six months, and the patient succumbed to disseminated neuroblastoma nine months after marrow grafting. PMID- 6987606 TI - Acute urticaria associated with streptococcal infection. AB - Eighty-one cases of acute urticaria were treated in our institution over a two year period. In 13 of 32 cases screened for streptococcal pharyngitis, either positive throat culture, significant streptococcal exoenzyme antibodies (Streptozyme test), or both were found. Other causative factors for the acute urticaria had been excluded. It is our feeling that beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection may be a causative agent in many cases of acute urticaria, and that the infection may not always be clinically apparent. We therefore recommend a throat culture and determination of streptococcal enzyme level as routine procedures in evaluating acute urticaria. We also suggest, based on the findings in one case, that discontinuing therapy for a streptococcal infection when urticaria develops, even though necessary, might be inappropriate. PMID- 6987608 TI - [Infantile cortical hyperostosis]. PMID- 6987607 TI - Familial, dexamethasone-suppressible, normokalemic hyperaldosteronism. AB - An 8-year-old boy was found to be hypertensive on routine exam (144/88). His brother (age 6) and father (age 31) were also found to have elevated blood pressure. Detailed investigations first revealed a low renin level without hypokalemia. Further study revealed that all three patients had low plasma renin activity and nonsuppresible plasma aldosterone levels after saline infusion. Serum potassium was almost always normal. A trial of dexamethasone therapy normalized blood pressure, and plasma and urinary aldosterone decreased to low levels and renin levels increased. Therapy with spironolactone and prednisone also normalized blood pressure. However, the amount of prednisone required to maintain normotension resulted in Cushingoid features and has been discontinued. Studies in the father suggest that the aldosterone production by his adrenals is hyperresponsive to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Renin levels should be determined in all hypertensive children and their hypertensive parents. If renin is low and plasma aldosterone fails to be suppressed by saline infusion, a trial of dexamethasone would seem indicated before other investigations are carried out. PMID- 6987609 TI - [Kidney lesion in tuberculosis]. PMID- 6987610 TI - [Neuroendocrine characteristics of the pubertal period]. PMID- 6987612 TI - NLN/APHA program for accreditation of home health agencies and community nursing services. PMID- 6987611 TI - An historical survey of the test services of the National League for Nursing. PMID- 6987613 TI - Medicare/Medicaid fraud and abuse: two issues and two responsibilities. PMID- 6987614 TI - [A Danish pathography from the 17th century (Johan Valentin Wille) (author's transl)]. AB - A monograph written by the physician Johan Valentin Wille in 1675 is discussed and commented. The monograph was published in Th. Bartholin Acta medica, the first medical journal in Denmark, and was in 1934 translated from Latin into Danish by the physician Eiler Hoeg. It givees a detailed description of organ changes and internal parasites found in cattle and hare autopsied on Sealand 1674 75. Vermiform bodies found in the liver of cattle are undoubtedly identical with Fasciola hepatica. The tumorous or cystic formations in the bovine lung and liver correspond certainly with the larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus and the small cysts arranged as "bunches of grapes" on the liver surface and mesentery of hares cannot be anything else than Cysticercus pisiformis. It is possibly the first description of the mentioned parasites in animals in Denmark. The observations are published almost two centuries before the life-cycles of these parasites were finally clarified and about one century before the Danish Veterinary School was established at Christianshavn (in Copenhagen) and the founder Abildgaard started to publish his interesting observations on intestinal parasites.--The monograph is typical for that particular time, reflecting the decline of the medieval humoralism and the growth of the Renaissance science. PMID- 6987615 TI - Salmonella isolated from animals and feed stuffs in Sweden during 1973-1977. PMID- 6987616 TI - Chronic copper poisoning in sheep. A review of the literature. AB - A review is given of chronic copper poisoning in sheep. The sensitivity of sheep to excess of copper is described and compared to that of other ruminant species. Possible reasons for the accumulation of copper in the liver are mentioned. The absorption, distribution and excretion of copper in sheep are briefly described. Possible modes of action of copper on target cells are reviewed. The interaction of copper with the most important interfering substances is described. An account is given of the features of the disease, clinical findings, clinical pathology and necropsy findings. Possible methods of treatment and control are discussed. PMID- 6987617 TI - [Anaesthesia and post-operative care in diabetic patients. Constant rate insulin infusion throughout surgery (author's transl)]. AB - In 10 diabetic patients about to undergo surgical procedures requiring prolonged fasting, a constant rate infusion of glucose (200 g/24 hours) and insulin (2 units/hour) was set up on the morning of the operation. Seven of these patients were insulin-dependent. Throughout the pre-, per- and post-operative periods blood glucose levels were monitored and kept between 0,9 and 1,75 g/l through adjustment of insulin dosage by half units/hour. Treatment lasted from 2 to 7 days. The highest mean doses of insulin were given, and the greatest disparity of results was observed, during the first 24 hours following surgery. Insulin requirements were thereafter stable. This technique simplifies anaesthesia and post-operative care in diabetic patients. The operation time does not need to be precisely determined, small doses of insulin are easily adjusted, insulin therapy is safely and regularly maintained before, during and after surgery, and return to the initial maintenance dosage is facilitated by the disappearance of residual insulin within 3 to 5 minutes from the end of the infusion period. PMID- 6987619 TI - [Congenital Plasmodium vivax malaria]. PMID- 6987618 TI - [Interactions between the platelets and the vessel wall. Part 1: Physiology (author's transl)]. AB - The vessel wall plays an important role in the maintenance of balance between haemorrhage and thrombosis. The endothelial lining of a normal vessel wall is thrombo-resistant, in particular by virtue of prostacyclin, whilst the sub endothelium with its collagen is thrombogenic. If the endothelium is pathologically or experimentally damaged, adhesion of the blood platelets becomes possible. This mechanism, presently studied at a molecular level itself, involves the Willebrand factor, the glycoproteins of the platelet membrane and constituents of the sub-endothelium which remain poorly defined. Platelet adhesion is responsible for cellular activation with the liberation of numerous intraplatelet constituents and synthesis of prostaglandins. Agregation between platelets involves complex biochemical phenomena which concern the platelet membrane and fibrinogen, contractile proteins and the cyclic AMP system, prostaglandins and ADP. The role of calcium in these different phenomena is very important. PMID- 6987620 TI - [Plasmodium falciparum malaria acquired in France (author's transl)]. PMID- 6987621 TI - [Metabolic control in 107 maturity onset diabetic out patients (author's transl)]. AB - Hemoglobin A1c concentrations were measured in 107 out patients with non insulin treated diabetes. A good correlation was observed between Hb A1c and random post prandial plasma glucose levels. Mean Hb A1c concentrations were slightly higher in these diabetics than in controls but markedly lower than values observed in insulin treated patients. Sixty three per cent of the patients had Hb a1c levels below three standard deviations above our normal mean value. Random post-prandial plasma insulin levels were correlated to the degree of overweight but not other parameters. The best results were observed in patients treated by diet alone (31 % of the whole population) and in those on diet and sulfonylureas (30 %) who were also the less older and the less overweight subjects. PMID- 6987623 TI - [Computer technology in medicine. 1. Use, in seriously burned patients, of computer technology as an aid in diagnosis and monitoring]. PMID- 6987622 TI - [Anti-hypertensive action of Captopril. Hemodynamic study (author's transl)]. AB - Hemodynamic parameters were studied before and after administration of SQ 14 225, an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, in 6 sustained essential hypertensive patients. Blood pressure and total peripheral resistance significantly decreased while cardiac output and heart rate remained unchanged. Systolic time intervals and plasma volume were not modified. No correlation was observed between the basal value of plasma renin activity and the decrease in blood pressure. The study demonstrated the vasodilatator effect of SQ 14 225 and questionned the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the mechanism of the pressure decrease. PMID- 6987624 TI - [Cellular immunity in Listeria infections]. PMID- 6987625 TI - [Acute isolated post-operative respiratory insufficiency. Treatment by permanent positive pressure spontaneous ventilation]. PMID- 6987627 TI - Menstruation: the history of sanitary protection. PMID- 6987626 TI - Information management in quality assurance. AB - Because much current health science information is irrelevant to immediate decision needs of quality assurance and care, because much of what is relevant may be inaccessible, and because much of that which is relevant and accessible may be invalid or scientifically unsupportable, health care personnel should work toward resolution of this problem on a national level as well as on an individual level. This article presents evidence supporting the above premises together with data from illustrative publications and a suggested strategy to help cope with the general problem of information management in quality assurance. PMID- 6987628 TI - Nursing care study: a problem sore. PMID- 6987629 TI - Infection transfer by respiratory condensate during positive pressure respiration. PMID- 6987630 TI - Down Memory Lane: obituary at Nottingham. PMID- 6987631 TI - Campaign - prevention: a recipe for health. PMID- 6987632 TI - Students' forum - paediatrics. PMID- 6987633 TI - Catheters: forerunners of Foley. PMID- 6987634 TI - [Hemodynamics and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in primary hypertension]. PMID- 6987637 TI - The treatment of dyspepsia in general practice; a multicentre trial. PMID- 6987635 TI - [Estrogens and blood lipids]. PMID- 6987638 TI - The Indians' revenge or drunk without drinking. PMID- 6987636 TI - [Preleukemic syndrome]. PMID- 6987640 TI - The relationship of alcohol consumption to atherosclerotic heart disease. PMID- 6987639 TI - A corner of history. Moses and mycotoxins. PMID- 6987642 TI - [Dynamics of insulin secretion in response to a peroral glucose load and its diagnostic significance]. AB - The changes in the immunoreactive insulin (IRI) content in the blood plasma were studied during oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) in 96 women. The IRI rise was biphasic in persons with a normal type of GTT with the maximum after glucose administration in 10 and 30 minutes in persons of normal weight and in 10 and 60 minutes in obese ones. When patients with diabetic type of GTT of normal and excessive weight, and persons with prediabetes and healthy volunteers were examined after a 36-hour fasting, elevation of the IRI level was later, monophasic, with the maximum at the 90th-120th minute after glucose administration. The mechanisms of disturbances in the early insulin response to glucose and diagnostic significance of the tests under study are discussed. PMID- 6987641 TI - [Immunological and morphological comparisons in toxic goiter]. AB - Histostructural peculiarities of the toxic goiter tissue were compared with humoral parameters of the autoimmune aggression and with the lymphoblasttransformation intensity in 29 patients operated on for thyrotoxicosis. The intensity of intradermal hypersensitivity reaction of delayed type in response to homologous and autologous tissue of the toxic goiter was also investigated. The majority of the patients displayed marked signs of autoimmune aggression, regardless of the structure of the goiter parenchyma and the intensity of ilt lymphoid infiltration. Immunological disturbances increase with the rise in the clinical severity of thyrotoxicosis. It is suggested that immunological changes of toxic goiter have phasic development. Humoral manifestation of autoimmune aggression were marked and stable, whereas changes of cellular immunity were less significant and specific; they were apparently due to a secondary increase in the lymphocytic immunological activity. PMID- 6987643 TI - [Factor from rat and bovine pineal organs immunologically and biologically related to luliberin]. AB - Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH, luliberin) was revealed in the pineal organs of rats and cattle. The luliberin content per organ varied in rats from 5 to 66 ng, depending on sex and age. In some cases it could not be revealed by the direct radioimmunological method in the organ extracts, while neurohormone was detected by chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose or on Sephadex G-15. About 0.5 ng of LH-RH is contained in the bocine pineal organs, and the neurohormone competed with 125I-LH-RH for binding with a specific antiserum in the same way as synthetic luliberin. Mobility of LH-RH from the bovine and rat pineal organs during carboxymethylcellulose chromatography in the column coincided with such for synthetic LH-RH and the neurohormone from the rat hypothalamus. Besides, luliberin from the bovine pineal glands injected intraperitoneally to rats led to elevation of the LH blood level. No such effect occurred when luliberin from the epiphyses was preliminarily incubated with the LH-RH antiserum. A possible role played by luliberin in the pineal organ is discussed. PMID- 6987644 TI - [Microiontophoretic study of the topography of the hydrocortisone-sensitive rabbit brain neurons]. AB - Response of the neurons of the limbic structures, of the hypothalamus, and the frontal cortex of the large hemispheres of the rabbit brain to the hydrocortisone, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline microionophoretic behaviour was studied in this work. About half of the cells of the majority of the brain regions studied, including the cortex, altered their spontaneous discharge frequency in response to the corticosteroid microapplication. The prevailing type of response to the hormone in the medial hypothalamus was inhibition, rarefaction of the discharge frequency, while in the nuclei of the septum and the amygdala acceleration of the neurone activity excitation. No prevalence of a definite type of response was observed in the rest of the structures. Over half of the hydrocortisone-sensitive neurons responded to the application of both mediators. However, no correlation was revealed between the character of the nerve cells responses to the hormone and to the microionophoretically supplied acetylcholine and noradrenaline. PMID- 6987645 TI - [Cytological bases of insulin formation and secretion in the pancreatic beta cells]. PMID- 6987646 TI - [Self-maintenance and the proliferative activity of hematopoietic stroma precursor cells]. PMID- 6987647 TI - [General principles and the methodology of organizing cooperative research in hematologic practice]. PMID- 6987648 TI - Contacts between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and an early promoter of phage T7. AB - Specific contacts between the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyl-transferase, EC2.7.7.6) and the phosphates and purine bases of the A3 promoter of phage T7 cluster into three regions located approximately 10, 16, and 35 base pairs before RNA initiation site. Two of these contain nucleotide sequences that are fairly conserved among many promoters, known as the "Pribnow box" and "-35 region" homologies; the third, just upstream from the Pribnow box, is not conserved. The polymerase binds preferentially to the coding strand and for the most part touches only one face of the DNA helix. PMID- 6987649 TI - Interspecies homology of nitrogenase genes. AB - Cloned nitrogen fixation (nif) genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae hybridize to DNA from 19 out of 19 widely divergent nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains but do not hybridize to DNA from 10 different non-nitrogen-fixing species. K. pneumoniae nif DNA fragments that hybridize to DNA from other species contain part of the three structural genes that code for nitrogenase polypeptides. We have utilized this homology to clone an EcoRI restriction endonuclease fragment from Rhizobium meliloti that hybridizes to the K. pneumoniae nif structural genes. Some of the species whose DNA hybridizes with K. pneumoniae nif DNA have been postulated to have diverged from K. pneumoniae 3 x 10(9) years ago. Nitrogenase genes are the only known example of such highly conserved prokaryotic translated genes. Nitrogenase genes are either extraordinarily conserved in evolution or have been exchanged between different nitrogen-fixing species relatively recently in evolutionary time. PMID- 6987651 TI - I and i antigens of human peripheral blood lymphocytes cocap with receptors for concanavalin A. AB - Surface immunofluorescence experiments using a human anti-i and two anti-I antisera have been performed on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These are known to contain cold-reactive monoclonal IgM antibodies against the carbohydrate sequence: (formula: see text). A high proportion of B- and T-type lymphocytes express these I and i determinants. In the presence of anti-human immunoglobulin, the cold-reactive membrane-associated complexes of I-anti-I and i-anti-i become stabilized, and redistribution (with patching and capping) can be elicited at 37 degrees C. Dual fluorescence experiments have shown striking concordant staining of I or i (fluorescein) caps and patches with concanavalin A (rhodamine) reactive sites on normal and leukemic cells, suggesting that a proportion of I and i active structures of lymphocyte membranes are structurally associated or physiologically coupled with glycoproteins carrying oligosaccharides with branched mannosyl cores. PMID- 6987650 TI - Localization of calmodulin in rat tissues. AB - The localization of calmodulin, a calcium-dependent modulator of many enzymes, was studied in rat liver, skeletal muscle, and adrenal slices. Calmodulin is found in liver cytoplasm, nucleus, and plasma membrane. Much of the cytoplasmic calmodulin is associated with glycogen particles presumably bound to enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism. Skeletal muscle calmodulin is found on the I band, also associated with glycogen particles. Intermyofibrillar staining that is not glycogen associated is also observed. Calmodulin is localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of adrenal cortex cells. Injection of corticotropin leads to a greatly increased localization of calmodulin in nuclei of the adrenal cortex. These observations suggest that one role of calmodulin may be the regulation of hormone effects on nuclear processes. PMID- 6987652 TI - Induction of a basement membrane glycoprotein in embryonic kidney: possible role of laminin in morphogenesis. AB - The glycoprotein laminin is found exclusively in the basement membranes of adult tissues, not in the mesenchymal stroma. We studied the appearance and distribution of laminin during the early formation of kidney tubules in mouse embryos and in an in vitro transfilter model system. In immunofluorescence using affinity-purified antibodies, the distribution of laminin showed a clear correlation, both spatially and temporally, to the early stages of tubule formation. In vivo, laminin was first detected in a punctate pattern in areas where the pretubular aggregates form; later, it became confined to the basement membranes of the tubules. In experiments in vitro, the nephrogenic mesenchyme was found to form tubules after 12-24 hr of transfilter contact with the inductor. The first laminin spots were found after 12 hr of culture, 24 hr before overt morphogenesis. As the mesenchymal cells began to aggregate and elongate (at 36 hr), laminin was detected in those cells destined to become epithelial, and at 48 hr it was not found in cells remaining in the stroma. In more mature tubules (at 72 hr), laminin was seen as a sharp band in the basement membranes. It is suggested that laminin is involved in the increased cell adhesiveness during the early aggregation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme. PMID- 6987653 TI - The RAD52 gene is required for homothallic interconversion of mating types and spontaneous mitotic recombination in yeast. AB - The rad52-1 mutation prevents homothallic mating type interconversion and reduces mitotic recombination in yeast. It has been previously reported that rad52-1 abolishes meiotic recombination. These data suggest either that a generalized recombination function(s) is required for mating type switching or that generalized recombination and specific homothallic functions are jointly controlled by the RAD52 gene. The rad52-1 mutation affects the interconversion of the two yeast mating types (a and alpha) differently, suggesting that the interconversion process is not equivalent for both mating types. This type of asymmetry is not predicted by current models of homothallic switching. PMID- 6987655 TI - "Superkiller" mutations suppress chromosomal mutations affecting double-stranded RNA killer plasmid replication in saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying a 1.5 x 10(6)-dalton double-stranded RNA genome in virus-like particles (killer plasmid) secrete a protein toxin that kills strains not carrying this plasmid. At least 28 chromosomal genes (mak genes) are required to maintain or replicate this plasmid. Recessive mutations in any of four other chromosomal genes (ski for superkiller) result in enhanced toxin production. We report that many ski- mak- double mutants are able to maintain the killer plasmid, indicating that the SKI products have an effect on plasmid replication. The ski1-1 mutation suppresses (bypasses) all mak mutations tested except mak16-1. A variant killer plasmid is described that confers the superkiller phenotype and, like chromosomal ski mutations, makes several mak genes dispensable for plasmid replication. PMID- 6987654 TI - Model for regulation of the histidine operon of Salmonella. AB - A model is proposed that accounts for regulation of the histidine operon by a mechanism involving alternative configuration of mRNA secondary structure (the alternative stem model). New evidence for the model includes sequence data on three regulatory mutations. The first (hisO1242) is a mutation that deletes sequences needed to form the attenuator mRNA stem and causes constitutive operon expression. The second mutation (hisO9654) is a His- ochre (UAA) mutation in the leader peptide gene; the existence of this mutation constitutes evidence that the leader peptide gene is translated. The third mutation (hisO9663) is remarkable. It neither generates a nonsense codon nor affects a translated sequence; yet, it is suppressible by amber suppressors. We believe this mutation causes a His- phenotype by interfering with mRNA secondary structure. The suppressibility of the mutation is probably due to disruption of the attenuator stem by ribosomes that read through the terminator codon of the leader peptide gene. This explanation is supported by the observation of derepression of a wild-type control region in the presence of an amber suppressor. Evidence is presented that hisT mutants (which lack pseudouridine in the anticodon arm of histidine tRNA) may cause derepression of the his operon by slowing protein synthesis in the leader peptide gene. PMID- 6987657 TI - [Phe4]somatostatin: a potent, selective inhibitor of growth hormone release. AB - [Phe4]Somatostatin was twice as active as somatostatin (SS) in suppressing rat growth hormone release in vitro but had only weak activity toward inhibition of insulin and glucagon release in vivo. The ability of this analogue to inhibit growth hormone release more actively than SS was confirmed in vivo by two separately designed bioassays. Further structure/activity studies of position 4 were carried out with [Glu4]SS, [Thr4]SS, and des-Lys4-SS, all of which had negligible inhibiting activity in the pituitary and pancreas. In this context the strikingly selective activity of [Phe4]SS suggests a fundamental difference in the SS receptors of pituitary and pancreas and the normal side-chain basicity of position 4 appears to be more important for action in pancreas than in pituitary. [Phe4]SS has properties that may be useful in the development of agents for the treatment of acromegaly or other disorders associated with increased growth hormone levels. PMID- 6987656 TI - Insulin is ubiquitous in extrapancreatic tissues of rats and humans. AB - Insulin has been detected, at levels higher than those in plasma, in a broad range of extrapancreatic tissues in both rats and humans. Rat liver insulin was shown to be indistinguishable from genuine insulin by radioimmunoassay, Sephadex chromatography, bioassay, and antibody neutralization. Liver insulin (like brain insulin) was unchanged in ob/ob mice, in rats treated with streptozotocin, or in fasted rats, despite marked alterations in pancreatic secretion of insulin and in liver content of insulin receptors. Insulin was found in cultured human IM-9 lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts at concentrations greater than 100 times the levels in the media. IM-9 lymphocyte insulin also was shown to be indistinguishable from genuine insulin, by the same criteria used for liver insulin. The insulin concentration in cultured human cells was unaffected by depletion of insulin from the culture medium or by addition of beef insulin to the medium. The data suggest that a part, if not all, of the extrapancreatic tissue insulin is independent of plasma insulin and may be synthesized by the tissues themselves. PMID- 6987658 TI - Production of erythroid-potentiating activity by a human T-lymphoblast cell line. AB - We derived a human T-lymphoblast cell line (Mo) that constitutively elaborates certain lymphokines. The Mo cells produce a colony-stimulating factor necessary for the growth of human granulocyte-monocyte precursors in vitro as well as an erythroid-potentiating activity (EPA) that enhances the proliferation of human erythroid progenitors in vitro. In the presence of serum, the EPA in Mo conditioned medium stimulated the growth of small and large erythroid colonies almost 2-fold. EPA was also produced in serum-free medium, and, when assayed in serum-free cultures of human erythroid progenitors, it stimulated colony growth about 3-fold. The EPA produced by the Mo cell line did not stimulate normal murine erythroid progenitors (CFU-E) or Friend erythroleukemia cell growth in vitro. EPA was inactivated by protease treatment but was remarkably heat stable, with most of the activity recovered after boiling for 15 min. Preliminary biochemical characterization suggests that EPA is an acidic glycoprotein with molecular weight approximately 45,000. EPA is clearly separable from colony stimulating factor on the basis of heat stability and gel-filtration chromatography. The present observations provide strong support for the concept that activated T cells produce humoral factors important in the regulation of erythropoiesis. The availability of a cell line producing human EPA should facilitate the characterization of the protein and permit definitive studies of its biologic effects. PMID- 6987659 TI - Cholecystokinin-converting enzymes in brain. AB - Crude extracts of porcine cerebral cortical tissue convert cholecystokinin (CCK) to its COOH-terminal fragments, the dodecapeptide (CCK-12) and the octapeptide (CCK-8). The Sephadex G-75 void volume eluate of the crude extract cleaves the arginine-isoleucine bond and effects conversion only to CCK-12; the Sephadex G-50 void volume eluate of the same extract cleaves the arginine-aspartate bond as well, so that both CCK-12 and CCK-8 are end products. Thus, there are at least two enzymes; the one involved in the conversion to CCK-12 is of larger molecular radius than the other. The Km for the cleavage of CCK at the arginine-isoleucine bond by the Sephadex G-75 void volume eluate enzyme is 1.1 X 10(-6) M; the Km for trypsin cleavage of the same bond is 4.7 x 10(-6) M. The lower Vmax for the brain enzyme (1.5 x 10(-11) mol/min per g of extract) compared with trypsin (66 x 10( 11) mol/min per g of trypsin) simply reflects the lesser degree of purify of the brain extract than of the highly purified trypsin. PMID- 6987660 TI - Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by direct addition of insulin to an isolated plasma membrane/mitochondria mixture: evidence for generated of insulin's second messenger in a subcellular system. AB - The addition of insulin to a mixture of plasma membrane and mitochondrial fractions from rat adipocytes results in a decrease in the phosphorylation of a mitochondrial protein identified as the alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase [pyruvate:lipoamide oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-acetylating), EC 1.2.4.1] (Seals, J. R., McDonald, J. M. & Jarett, L. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 6991-6996). This study confirms the prediction that a corresponding increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity can be effected by insulin treatment of this preparation. Incubation of the plasma membrane/mitochondria mixture with ATP inhibited pyruvate dehydrogenase activity as measured in a subsequent enzyme assay. The presence of insulin during this incubation with ATP resulted in a 24.5% stimulation of enzyme activity compared to incubation without insulin (n = 9, P < 0.001). The effect was specific for biologically active insulin and was insulin dose-dependent in the physiological range of insulin. Supermaximal doses of insulin produced reduced effects. An insulin effect of similar magnitude could also be observed when the plasma membrane/mitochondria mixture was incubated without ATP. Two insulin mimickers, concanavalin A and antibody to insulin receptor, stimulated pyruvate dehydrogenase by 30.4% (n = 6, P <0.001) and 28.1% (n = 8, P<0.001), respectively. Both of these agents also produced reduced effects at supermaximal concentrations. The effects of all three agents required plasma membranes and could not be produced by treatment of mitochondria alone. The results suggest that a mechanism common to all three agents is responsible for transmitting the stimulation from the plasma membrane to the mitochondrial components of the mixture. PMID- 6987661 TI - Immunological identification and localization of the predominant nuclear protein of the amphibian oocyte nucleus. AB - Nuclei of vitellogenic oocytes of the frog, Xenopus laevis, contain a prominent protein, representing about 10% of nuclear protein, which is characterized by a polypeptide of M(r) 30,000. This protein is highly phosphorylated and acidic, displays several isoelectric variants with pI values ranging from 4.7 to 5.3, shows a high thermostability, is not stably complexed with other proteins, and is readily extracted in buffer solutions. Guinea pig antibodies against this protein have allowed its specific immunoprecipitation and localization by immunofluorescence microscopy, using both frozen tissue sections and cells grown in vitro. The protein is located almost exclusively in the nucleus where it appears to be spread throughout the nuclear interior. It is also a major nucleus specific protein in vitellogenic and previtellogenic oocytes of other amphibian species as well as in other cell types, including hepatocytes, follicle epithelial cells, and cultured Xenopus cells, but is not detected in nuclei of transcriptionally inactive cells such as erythrocytes and spermatids. An immunologically related, if not identical, protein occurs in nuclei of higher vertebrate cells, including mammals. The properties of this abundant nuclear phosphoprotein and its possible relationship to the "nucleosome assembly factor" protein are discussed. It is suggested that this soluble protein serves a general nuclear function. PMID- 6987662 TI - Thrombin increases expression of fibronectin antigen on the platelet surface. AB - Fibronectins (fn) are adhesive glycoproteins which bind to collagen and to fibrin and appear to be important in cellular adhesion to other cells or surfaces. Fn related antigen is present in human platelets, suggesting a possible role for fn in the adhesive properties of platelets. We have studied the localization of fn in resting and thrombin-stimulated platelets by immunofluorescence and quantitative binding of radiolabeled antibody. In resting fixed platelets, variable light surface staining for fn was observed. When these cells were made permeable to antibody with detergent, staining for fn was markedly enhanced and was present in a punctate distribution, suggesting intracellular localization. Stimulation with thrombin, which is associated with increased platelet adhesiveness, resulted in increased staining for fn antigen on intact platelets. These stimulated cells did not leak 51Cr nor did they stain for F-actin, thus documenting that the increased fn staining was not due to loss of plasma membrane integrity. The thrombin-induced increase in accessible platelet fn antigen was confirmed by quantitative antibody binding studies in which thrombin-stimulated platelets specifically bound 15 times as much radiolabeled F(ab')2 anti-fn as did resting cells. Thus, thrombin stimulation results in increased expression of fn antigen on the platelet surface. Here it may participate in interactions with fibrin, connective tissue, or other cells. PMID- 6987663 TI - Escherichia coli mutator mutants deficient in methylation-instructed DNA mismatch correction. AB - Our approach to the isolation of DNA mismatch-correction-deficient mutants was based upon the isolation of 2-aminopurine-resistant second-site revertants of Escherichia coli dam- mutants. We isolated such second-site revertants which, when separated from the dam- mutation, have a mutator character of their own. These new mutators all mapped at three known mutator loci, mutH, mutL, and mutS, which exhibit the same mutagenic spectrum as the dam- mutator: increased levels of base substitution and frameshift mutations. The mutator potencies of double and triple mut- mutants suggest that these mutators are involved in the same general mismatch-repair pathway. All these mutations result in a hyper recombination phenotype, but in four-factor crosses among lambda phages, a specific loss of intragenic recombination (Pam3 X Pam80) was found in mutL and mutS mutants, as would be predicted from the postulated role of mismatch correction in gene conversion and high negative interference phenomena. PMID- 6987664 TI - Functional expression in yeast of the Escherichia coli plasmid gene coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. AB - The Escherichia coli R factor-derived chloramphenicol resistance (camr) gene is functionally expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. the gene was introduced by transformation into yeast cells as part of a chimeric plasmid, pYT11-LEU2, constructed in vitro. The plasmide vector consists of the E. coli plasmid pBR325 (carrying the camr gene), the yeast 2-micron DNA plasmid, and the yeast LEU2 structural gene. Yeast cells harboring pYT11-LEU2 acquire resistance to chloramphenicol and cell-free extracts prepared from such cells contain chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA: chloramphenicol 3-O acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.28), the enzyme specified by the camr gene in E. coli. Resistance to chloramphenicol and the presence of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity segregate with the yeast marker LEU2, carried by the transforming plasmid, during both mitotic growth and meiotic division. PMID- 6987665 TI - Partial amino acid sequence of human factor D:homology with serine proteases. AB - Human factor D purified to homogeneity by a modified procedure was subjected to NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis by using a modified automated Beckman sequencer. We identified 48 of the first 57 NH2-terminal amino acids in a single sequencer run, using microgram quantities of factor D. The deduced amino acid sequence represents approximately 25% of the primary structure of factor D. This extended NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of factor D was compared to that of other trypsin-related serine proteases. By visual inspection, strong homologies (33--50% identity) were observed with all the serine proteases included in the comparison. Interestingly, factor D showed a higher degree of homology to serine proteases of pancreatic origin than to those of serum origin. PMID- 6987666 TI - Inhibition of the initiation of translation by a factor isolated from Escherichia coli cells. AB - A low molecular weight factor isolated from Escherichia coli cells was found to inhibit protein synthesis in vitro directed by RNA of bacteriophage R-17. The factor also inhibited poly(U)-directed translation, but higher concentrations were required. When the factor was added after R-17 RNA-directed translation was initiated, the onset of inhibition was delayed. Initiation-independent translation of polysomes was not inhibited. The factor inhibited the binding of N formylmethionyl-tRNAfMet to 70S ribosomes to form the 70S initiation complex, and it released the N-flrmylmethionyl-tRNAfMet from preformed complexes. The factor did not prevent the formation of N-formylmethionylpuromycin. It was concluded that the factor inhibits specifically the initiation of translation. PMID- 6987668 TI - Structural basis for apparent heterogeneity of collagens in human basement membranes: type IV procollagen contains two distinct chains. AB - Fetal cells isolated from human amniotic fluid synthesize type IV procollagen when grown in monolayer culture. The procollagen, which contains two biochemically distinct chains, was found to be structurally and immunologically related to type IV collagen chains and collagenous fragments isolated from human placenta. Limited pepsin digestion of the intact procollagen that was deposited in the cell layer during culture produced a heterogeneous population of collagenous peptides comparable to that obtained during isolation of type IV collagens from human tissues. These studies support the hypothesis that basement membranes contain at least two genetically distinct type IV procollagen chains and suggest that the heterogeneity of collagenous components obtained after pepsin digestion of tissues and isolated basement membranes can result from degradative cleavage of the procollagen at a limited number of protease-sensitive sites. PMID- 6987669 TI - Inhibition of RNA polymerase activity by the Escherichia coli protein biosynthesis elongation factor Ts. AB - The transcribing activity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) from Escherichia coli is inhibited in vitro by addition of preparations of elongation factor Ts purified to homogeneity. The inhibitory activity of elongation factor Ts on the RNA polymerase activity and the enzymatic activity of elongation factor Ts show the same temperature sensitivity. The extent of inhibition is strongly dependent on the template used for transcription. A mechanism for the control of RNA synthesis in vivo based on this inhibition found in vitro is proposed. PMID- 6987667 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of cholecystokinin- and gastrin-like peptides in the brain and hypophysis of the rat. AB - The distribution of gastrin-cholecystokinin-like peptide(s) is reported in brain and hypophysis of the rat. The unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex immunohistochemical technique was used. Controls of specificity for various peptides were studied with solid-phase absorption. Colchicine treatment was necessary to obtain positivity in many neuronal cell bodies. In addition to their already known distribution, gastrin-cholecystokinins containing neural cell bodies and fibers were present in olfactory structures, in various preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei (except in mamillary bodies), in mesencephalic nucleus linearis rostralis, and in A-10, A-9, and A-8 regions of Dahlstrom and Fuxe, which include substantia nigra. From previous investigations and the present distribution study, it can be inferred that, although most of the brain material consists of cholecystokinin, gastrins may also be present in hypothalamo posthypophyseal magnocellular cells, in nucleus tractus solitarii, and in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The distribution of positive cell bodies in the peripheral part of the paraventricular nucleus and in the dorsal part of the supraoptic nuclei in the hypothalamus is similar to that of oxytocin neurons. The localization of positive cell bodies in A-10, A-9, and A-8 regions of Dahlstrom and Fuxe is similar to that of dopaminergic neurons. The mesencephalic concentration of cell bodies and the wide distribution of fibers in striatal, hypothalamic, septal, and other hemispheric structures together with thick positive fibers in the medial forebrain bundle is consistent with the existence of ascending mesencephalic pathways, including the nigrostriate pathway. PMID- 6987670 TI - Formylmethionyl-tRNA alters RNA polymerase specificity. AB - Escherichia coli fMet-tRNAfMet alters the pattern of promoter selection of E. coli RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase, nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6), affecting RNA synthesis from the rRNA, suIII+tRNA, and lac promoters in different ways. The in vitro synthesis of the stable RNA species is selectively decreased, whereas that of lac RNA from both the wild-type and mutant UV5 promoters is selectively increased at high ionic strength. The functional effect of fMet-tRNAfMet resembles that of the nucleotide guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate (ppGpp). This nucleotide competes with the binding of fMet-tRnafMet to RNA polymerase. PMID- 6987672 TI - Coordinate modulation of D-glucose transport activity and bilayer fluidity in plasma membranes derived from control and insulin-treated adipocytes. AB - The cis-monoenoic fatty acids vaccenate and oleate stimulate D-glucose transport when partitioned into isolated plasma membranes from rat adipocytes. The magnitude of hexose transport stimulation due to these agents is equal to that observed in plasma membranes derived from insulin-treated adipocytes. Addition of cis-unsaturated fatty acids to plasma membranes derived from insulin-treated cells results in no further stimulation of glucose transport over that due to the hormone alone. In contrast, treatment of membranes exhibiting insulin-activated D glucose transport activity with saturated fatty acids reduces transport activity to control levels. No effect of the saturated fatty acids was observed on D glucose transport in control membranes. Because cis-unsaturated fatty acids fluidize plasma membranes under the conditions used in these experiments, these data demonstrate a positive correlation between membrane fluidity and adipocyte D glucose transport system activity. In addition, the results suggest that enhanced bilayer fluidity or increased affinity of the glucose transporter for fluid microenvironments of the membrane may play a key role in transport regulation by insulin. PMID- 6987673 TI - Digitalis metabolism and human liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol: NAD" oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) catalyzes the oxidation of the 3 beta-OH group of digitoxigenin, digoxigenin, and gitoxigenin to their 3-keto derivatives, which have been characterized by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. These studies have identified human liver alcohol dehydrogenase as the unknown NAD(H)-dependent liver enzyme specific for the free hydroxyl group at C3 of the cardiac genins; this hydroxyl is the critical site of the genins' enzymatic oxidation and concomitant pharmacological inactivation in humans. Several kinetic approaches have demonstrated that ethanol and the pharmacologically active components of the digitalis glycosides are oxidized with closely similar kcat/Km values at the same site on human liver alcohol dehydrogenase, for which they compete. Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase thereby becomes an important biochemical link in the metabolism, pharmacology, and toxicology of ethanol and these glycosides, structurally unrelated agents that are both used widely. Both the competition of ethanol with these cardiac sterols and the narrow margin of safety in the therapeutic use of digitalis derivatives would seem to place at increased risk those individuals who receive digitalis and simultaneously consume large amounts of ethanol or whose alcohol dehydrogenase function is impaired. PMID- 6987671 TI - Hydrolysis of GTP on elongation factor Tu.ribosome complexes promoted by 2'(3')-O L-phenylalanyladenosine. AB - In the presence of Escherichia coli ribosomes and elongation factor EF) Tu, 2'(3')-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine (AdoPhe), the 3'-terminal portion of Phe tRNAPhe, promotes the hydrolysis of GTP. The reaction requires the presence of both 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits and of proteins L7/L12 on the 50S subunit, is unaffected by mRNA [poly(uridylic acid)], and is strongly stimulated by EF-Ts. It is proposed that the AdoPhe-dependent GTP hydrolysis, like that promoted by aminoacyl-tRNA, is mediated by a ternary complex with EF-Tu and GTP; however, in contrast to aminoacyl-tRNA, AdoPhe is probably not retained by ribosomes after GTP hydrolysis. Phe-tRNAPhe or N-acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe bound to the ribosomal acceptor site do not inhibit, but even stimulate, GTP hydrolysis by AdoPhe.EF Tu.GTP. Thus, the binding site for EF-Tu on the ribosome is probably available for interaction with AdoPhe.EF-Tu.GTP regardless of whether the nearby acceptor site is vacant of occupied with aminoacyl-tRNA or peptidyl-tRNA. The results demonstrate the critical role of the 3'-terminal region of aminoacyl-tRNA in activating the EF-Tu- plus ribosome-dependent GTPase. PMID- 6987675 TI - Attempt to demonstrate virus interference in cell cultures persistently infected with the viruses of Kuru and Creutzfeldt--Jakob disease. PMID- 6987674 TI - Insulin and glucose 6-phosphate stimulation of Ca2+ uptake by skinned muscle fibers. AB - Calcium uptake by skinned muscle fibers is stimulated by physiological concentrations of insulin. These fibers, which lack a functional plasma membrane, are permeable to macromolecules but retain extensive portions of their sarcolemma in the form of transverse tubules intercalated between the myofibrils. They have an active sarcoplasmic reticulum that removes 45Ca2+ from solution at concentrations below the threshold that initiates contraction (less than 1 microM). The Ca2+ uptake activity is stimulated by insulin, presumably in response to its binding to those receptors located in the transverse tubules. Addition of glucose 6-phosphate, whose intracellular concentration increases in response to insulin, also stimulates Ca2+ uptake, a unique property of this preparation. These data indicate that insulin and glucose 6-phosphate act in concert to stimulate the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The resulting decrease in myoplasmic Ca2+ and the increase in glucose 6-phosphate would serve to mediate some of the anabolic effects of the hormone. PMID- 6987676 TI - Prostacyclin-induced gastric mucosal vasodilation and inhibition of acid secretion in the dog. PMID- 6987677 TI - Inhibition by indomethacin of the glycemic response to arginine in man. PMID- 6987678 TI - Evidence for the importance of bacterial factors as determinants of susceptibility to intraleukocytic killing. PMID- 6987679 TI - "Micro"-insulin radioimmunoassay: measurement of the insulin response during glucose tolerance tests in guinea pigs. PMID- 6987680 TI - Influence of cerebral blood flow on transmembrane K transfer in hyperkalemic dogs. PMID- 6987681 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to thyroglobulin. PMID- 6987682 TI - Uniform production and bulk storage of P388 murine lymphoma cells for antitumor assay. PMID- 6987684 TI - Ontogenesis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the human fetal hypothalamus. PMID- 6987683 TI - Hemodynamic, fluid, and electrolyte changes during sodium depletion in conscious dogs. PMID- 6987685 TI - An exciting half century in medicine. PMID- 6987687 TI - [Reminiscences of the old days]. PMID- 6987686 TI - The science of medicine and the art of hypnosis. PMID- 6987688 TI - Development and utilization of a composite island flap employing omentum: experimental investigation. AB - In 39 pigs, four varieties of secondary island flaps were created using omentum as a carrier. This study demonstrates that: 1. Skin grafts (split- or full thickness), when grafted to omentum, can be transformed into an "island flap," and the free transfer of this flap with microvascular anastomosis is feasible. 2. A skin flap, a combined skin flap, or both and subjacent muscle could be vascularized with omentum to obtain an omental island skin flap or an omental island musculocutaneous flap and transferred as already described. 3. Three varieties of secondary island osteocutaneous flaps were created using the omentum. Of these flaps, eight successfully underwent microvascular transfer. Bone vascularity and incontinuity viability were demonstrated by employing a variety of standard diagnostic techniques, including 99mTc-pyrophosphate tetracycline labeling, microangiography, and histologic sectioning. In addition to the many recognized advantages of a free living bone graft in reconstructive surgery, other benefits of this new kind of island composite flap include its unlimited size, minimal donor deformity, and ease of transfer. We have demonstrated that omentum can be used to vascularize skin, a skin flap, and either tibial, costal, or iliac bone graft to obtain a secondary island flap. The clinical uses of these flaps promise a new and exciting horizon in reconstructive surgery. PMID- 6987690 TI - Simple technique for correction of inverted nipple. AB - The described method for correction of the inverted nipple adds both bulk and structural stability to the nipple. This is done by means of a dermal sling and creation of a narrow base to prevent inversion of the nipple. PMID- 6987689 TI - Immediate reconstruction of a composite mandibular defect with a regional osteomusculocutaneous flap. AB - This is a report of an immediate reconstruction of a composite mandibular defect, using a pectoralis major osteomusculocutaneous flap incorporating a segment of the fifth rib. Viability of the transferred rib segment was established by tetracycline labeling at 2 weeks and technetium scanning at 3 months postoperatively. This clinical example supports the experimental observations of a vascular network interconnecting muscle, periosteum, and compact bone. PMID- 6987693 TI - Imipramine treatment of prepubertal major depressive disorders: plasma levels and clinical response--preliminary report. PMID- 6987694 TI - Apomorphine reduces schizophrenic symptoms. PMID- 6987691 TI - The paraffin story. PMID- 6987692 TI - The classic reprint. Concerning a subcutaneous prosthesis: Robert Gersuny. (Uber eine subcutane Prothese. Zeitschrift f. Heilkunde Wien u Leipzig 21:199, 1900.). Translated from the German by Miss Rita Euerle. PMID- 6987696 TI - Biofeedback in the treatment of chronic myofascial pain dysfunction. PMID- 6987697 TI - The health care financing administration: unlocking resources. PMID- 6987695 TI - Amphetamine and piribedil in affective illness. PMID- 6987698 TI - Predominance of membrane damage in yeast cells in suspension with monochromatic 163-nm vacuum ultraviolet light. PMID- 6987701 TI - [Modern problems in the Radiobiology of radio-frequency range electromagnetic radiations]. PMID- 6987699 TI - [Automyelotherapy of acute radiation sickness in guinea pigs]. PMID- 6987700 TI - [Sulfhydryl group content in the budding and nonbudding cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts of the "wild type" and carrying the rad 51 mutation]. PMID- 6987702 TI - [Effectiveness of compensating for a lymphoid deficit by transplanting cryopreserved lymphoid cells in animals irradiated at a lethal dosage]. PMID- 6987703 TI - Second John MacIntyre memorial lecture. Grooves of change. PMID- 6987704 TI - Transhepatic cholangiography: complicatons and use patterns of the fine-needle technique: a multi-institutional survey. AB - A multi-institutional survey of complications and use patterns of fine-needle transhepatic cholangiography (FNTC) was conducted, and the results were compared with those of transhepatic cholangiography using a large, sheathed needle and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Data were based on 2,006 procedures, including 293 from the authors' institution. The overall incidence of serious complications with FNTC was 3.4% (sepsis 1.40%, bile leakage 1.45%, intraperitoneal hemorrhage 0.35%, death 0.20%). The overall success rate was 97.8%; it was 99% when 12-14 needle passes were made, compared with only 95.5% when no more than 6 were made. It is concluded that 6 passes are not enough to exclude obstruction. One third of the patients with bile leakage had inadvertent puncture of the extrahepatic biliary tract. The pathogenesis of sepsis following FNTC is discussed and related to the author's recommendation of routine prior administration of ampicillin and gentamicin. PMID- 6987705 TI - The value of protamine following heparin-covered angiography: double-blind placebo-controlled study. AB - Routine postprocedural administration of protamine sulfate has been advocated to offset the anticoagulant effect of prophylactic heparin given during transfemoral catheter angiography. The value of protamine is shown in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled series of 257 cases. PMID- 6987706 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in renal transplant arterial stenosis for relief of hypertension. AB - Seven hypertensive patients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for relief of arterial stenosis complicating renal allotransplantation. Four had end-to-end anastomosis of the donor renal artery to the recipient hypogastric artery; all PTA's were successful. Three patients had end-to-side anastomosis of the donor renal artery to the recipient external iliac artery; 2/3 PTA's were successful. Prior to PTA, all patients were using several antihypertension medications. Following successful PTA, the mean blood pressure fell from 190 +/- 10/120 +/- 5 to 132 +/- 16/86 +/- 9 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and remained at that level for up to six months (average follow-up 2.85 months) with decreased or no antihypertension medications. Since surgical correction of arterial stenosis is difficult and may endanger the transplant kidney, PTA should be attempted first. PMID- 6987707 TI - In memoriam. May Murphy Cliff, M.D. 1938-1979. PMID- 6987708 TI - In memoriam Lester J. Freedman, M.D., F.A.C.R. 1913-1979. PMID- 6987709 TI - In memoriam. Leo G. Rigler, M.D. 1896-1979. PMID- 6987710 TI - Transient cerebral ischemia: diagnostic considerations. PMID- 6987711 TI - Cardiovascular disease in patients on chronic hemodialytic therapy. PMID- 6987712 TI - Pericarditis in renal disease. PMID- 6987714 TI - Ultracytochemistry of human blood platelets. PMID- 6987713 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of somatostatin. PMID- 6987715 TI - Immunocytochemistry of neuroendocrine systems: vasopressin, somatostatin, luliberin. PMID- 6987716 TI - Recent advances in the physiology of taste cells. PMID- 6987717 TI - [Clinical physiology of trans-airway management (6). Effects of inhalation of aerosol-propelled medication]. PMID- 6987718 TI - [Anion exchange between blood, extracellular fluid of the brain and brain cells and its consequences for the respiratory control of acid-base balance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6987719 TI - Blood/gas equilibrium of carbon dioxide in lungs. A critical review. AB - (1) The scope of this review is to examine the experimental evidence for the existence of negative PCO2 differences between pulmonary capillary blood and lung gas, [delta PCO2(b-G)], which have been observed both during rebreathing, when CO2 was at equilibrium, and during steady state gas exchange, particularly in hypercapnia. (2) The mechanism that have been invoked to explain negative delta PCO2(b-G) include (i) slow equilibration of the system CO2/HCO3-/H+ in blood, and (ii) effects of a negatvely charged surface of the pulmonary capillary endothelium. While the first postulated mechanism appears to be quantitatively insufficient to explain the results, the second seems to lead to serious qualitative difficulties. (3) Existence of negative delta PCO2(b-G) in CO2 equilibrium would invalidate the basis of the conventional analysis of alveolar gas exchange. (4) A critical analysis of the experimental evidence for the existence of negative delta PCO2(b-G) is presented. It includes the identification of directional experimental errors leading to spurious negative delta PCO2(b-G), and a critical review of the literature data in this regard. (5) Results of own experiments, conducted in an attempt to consider all possible sources of error, are reported, revealing (i) perfect PCO2 equality between alveolar gas and blood in rebreathing equilibrium of CO2; (ii) absence of negative delta PCO2 (b-G) during steady state gas exchange in hypercapnia. (6)Both experiments and model calculations show that negative delta PCO2 between mixed venous blood and end-expired gas observed in birds at steady state of gas exchange are explained by a particular action of the Haldane effect in avian parabronchial lungs with cross-current arrangement of gas and blood flow. (7) It is concluded that the negative delta PCO2(b-G) reported in the literature are probably artifactual and that there is no adequate evidence to invalidate the traditional view according to which blood/gas CO2 equilibration in lungs leads to equal PCO2 in both media. PMID- 6987720 TI - Those new tests they're doing. PMID- 6987721 TI - In search of the BSN: your guide to part-time programs. PMID- 6987722 TI - In search of the BSN: your guide to programs - part 2. PMID- 6987723 TI - [Early surgery of burns]. PMID- 6987724 TI - [Burns. In practice...one should remember...]. PMID- 6987725 TI - [Influence of thymosterine B on the development of Walker carcinosarcoma 256 treated with BCG in rats]. PMID- 6987727 TI - The effect of propranolol on immunoreactive insulin (IRI) release in obese adults. PMID- 6987726 TI - Circulating LH, FSH, T, prolactin, TSH, T3, T4, GH and insulin in pubertal females. PMID- 6987728 TI - [Surgical treatment of basal cell epitheliomas of the eyelids (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 48 cases of basal cell epithelioma of the eyelids, either superficial or deeply invasive, and review the surgical treatment of these lesions. Certain basic principles of treatment are emphasized: the importance of early detection, necessary for simple, non-mutilating excision; the need to ensure immediate complete exeresis; the fact that eradication must be total without consideration for the reconstructive procedures to follow. Reconstructive surgery must always respect the structure of the eyelid in order to ensure a good esthetic and functional result. PMID- 6987729 TI - [Surgical treatment of basal cell epitheliomas of the nose (author's transl)]. AB - The surgical treatment of basal cell epitheliomas of the nose is based on wide excision and histological control with preferably an extemporaneous examination. The decision to operate should be made by a group consisting of the radiotherapist, the surgeon, and the dermatologist. Repair is usually carried out immediately, once it is certain that ablation is complete. There are no true contra-indications due to the age of the patient and treatment is less costly than irradiation. Surgery is essential for reconstruction of the nasal pyramid destroyed partially or completely by the tumor and consists of a reconstructive rhinoplasty using a frontal flap. Lesions that are of moderate dimensions but are too large to be treated by electrocoagulation, especially if they are close to the nasal orifices, are a good indication for surgery. A graft, especially a total skin graft taken from behind the ear or from the subclavicular region, is usually used. However, local flaps using the excess skin at the root of the nose (glabellar flap) or from the cheek (nasogenial flap) give excellent results. The authors describe the results obtained in a series of 93 patients in whom relapses were observed in only 7.6%. The only 3 cases in which the recurrence was not able to be treated, all three patients eventually dying, were cases in which the tumors had been operated upon for recurrences after radiotherapy. PMID- 6987730 TI - [Phenacetin abuse I. Occurrence, per capita consumption and costs of treatment]. PMID- 6987731 TI - [Phenacetin abuse II. Chronic renal insufficiency in Basle autopsies]. AB - The frequency of chronic terminal renal failure (CTRF) (serum creatinine greater than or equal to 4,5 mg/dl) in an unselected autopsy material was about 1.7% from 1968 to 1976. Based on this figure, the estimated yearly incidence is 160 to 200/10(6) inhabitants of the Basel area. In inhabitants of Basel, analgesic nephropathy (42.2%) was the most important cause of CTRF (excluding obstructive nephropathy). Pyelonephritis (without evidence of analgesic abuse) represented only 25.7%. All other nephropathies were less common: glomerulonephritis 14.6%, diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis 11.6%, cystic kidney disease and vascular nephropathies (each 4.5%). By contrast, in patients treated by hemodialysis and renal transplantation glomerulonephritis (28.7%) is the most important cause of CTRF, followed by analgesic nephropathy (20%), pyelonephritis (15%) and cystic disease of the kidney (12.5%). The difference between the two groups can be explained by the lower mean age of patients treated by hemodialysis and transplantation. Incidence and disease course can be affected significantly only in analgesic nephropathy. It is therefore very important to prohibit legally the use of phenacetin or paracetamol containing analgesics without medical prescription. In addition, these drugs should be replaced by other analgesic compounds. PMID- 6987732 TI - Rabies. PMID- 6987733 TI - Diseases caused by impaired communication among cells. PMID- 6987734 TI - Intracellularly injected cobaltous ions accumulate at synaptic densities. AB - Physiologically identified neurons in the locust were iontophoretically injected with a mixture of cobaltous and potassium ions. After being fixed for electron microscopy, 2.5-micrometer sections of the epoxy-embedded ganglia were intensified with silver. The intensified material was resectioned and examined in the electron microscope. The cobalt-silver precipitate appeared as discrete densities. Localized accumulations of the precipitate were seen within the injected cell along the neuronal membranes and especially at synapses. Location and recognition of the stained neuron in the electron microscope was facilitated by the tendency of the cobaltous ions to aggregate at the synaptic sites. PMID- 6987735 TI - Automated information retrieval in science and technology. AB - The rapid advances in computer and communication technology in the 1970's have enabled large interactive scientific and technical information retrieval systems to be implemented. Major search services today offer on-line access to millions of bibliographic citations and an increasing number of "electronic handbooks." In addition, development of knowledge bases is well under way. Despite the impressive speed and flexibility of interactive retrieval systems, their impact has been lessened by limited awareness of their existence, uneven quality of retrieval, inadequate linkages among data bases, and reliance on specially trained intermediaries. PMID- 6987736 TI - Silicone rubber substrata: a new wrinkle in the study of cell locomotion. AB - When tissue cells are cultured on very thin sheets of cross-linked silicone fluid, the traction forces the cells exert are made visible as elastic distortion and wrinkling of this substratum. Around explants this pattern of wrinkling closely resembles the "center effects" long observed in plasma clots and traditionally attributed to dehydration shrinkage. PMID- 6987737 TI - Vertebrate cells express protozoan antigen after hybridization. AB - Epimastigotes, the invertebrate host stage of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite causing Chagas' disease in man, were fused with vertebrate cells by using polyethylene glycol. Hybrid cells were selected on the basis of T. cruzi DNA complementation of biochemical deficiencies in the vertebrate cells. Some clones of the hybrid cells expressed T. cruzi-specific antigen. It might be possible to use selected antigens obtained from the hybrids as vaccines for immunodiagnosis or for elucidation of the pathogenesis of Chagas' disease. PMID- 6987738 TI - Human lymphocytes in health and disease: progress, promises, and predictions. PMID- 6987739 TI - Hemolytic streptococci in Nashville school children. AB - Incidence and prevalence of hemolytic and group A streptococci were determined for 3,479 school children in Nashville, Tennessee from 1953-1954 through 1973 1974 inclusive. Of 53,827 throat cultures, 17.98% were positive for hemolytic streptococci and 12.87% for group A; 26.19% group A strains were typable. Types 6, 1, 12, 4, 5, and 3 were the most frequently isolated. Percentages of children with at least one positive culture for both hemolytic (H) and group A streptococci (A) were highest in 1953-1954 (H--79.3%, A--71.0%); 1963-1964 (H- 83.5%, A--74.6%); 1969-1970 (H--74.6%, A--65.0%); and 1973-1974 (H--83.1%, A- 71.1%) and highest by month in February, declining erratically until the summer. Some children acquired type-specific antibodies in the absence of streptococcal disease. There was a significant increase in positivity rates for hemolytic and group A streptococci from ages 5 to 7 through age groups 6 to 8 and 7 to 9 and a slow decline in the older age groups. Race did not appear to be an important factor in determining positivity rates; rates were significantly higher among children from low socioeconomic areas regardless of whether they were black or white. PMID- 6987741 TI - [Role of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR in training scientific personnel]. PMID- 6987742 TI - [1st Five-Year Plan and medical science planning]. PMID- 6987740 TI - Prolonged intermittent diarrhea after Shiga dysentery: postdysenteric syndrome. AB - A 42-year-old woman had dysentery caused by the Shiga bacillus, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, while taking diphenoxylate with atropine during and after her return from a trip to Mexico. Although she was treated with appropriate antibiotics, she suffered a prolonged and toxic acute course followed by intermittent bouts of diarrhea and abdominal cramping which persisted for two years. The risk of confusing Shiga dysentery with ulcerative colitis is illustrated by the presentation, management, and prolonged course of this patient's illness. PMID- 6987743 TI - [On the 80th birthday of Prof. K. V. Maistrakh]. PMID- 6987744 TI - [Konstantin Fedorovich Duplenko]. PMID- 6987745 TI - [Treatment of chronic renal insufficiency of urological etiology]. PMID- 6987746 TI - [Dynamics of the glucagon and C-peptide content in Itsenko-Cushing disease]. PMID- 6987747 TI - [Use of trental and complamine in the microcirculatory disorders of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6987748 TI - [Indices of insulin incretion and of carbohydrate metabolism in myocardial infarct (based on catamnestic examination data)]. PMID- 6987749 TI - [Effect of exogenous prostaglandins on the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 6987750 TI - Gas-sterilized cadaver bone grafts for spinal fusion operations. A simplified bone bank. AB - Cadaver bone for spinal fusion operations is as safe as autografts. The author's 35 years' experience using cadaver bone for interbody spinal fusion operations has led to the development of a simplified bone bank method. Unsterile bone removed from young, fresh cadavers is cut into appropriate sizes and shapes, washed clean, packaged and sterilized with ethylene oxide gas, then aerated and stored at room temperature. The results of spinal fusion, both cervical and lumbar, using 187 gas-sterilized bone grafts in 58 patients operated on over the past year and half, were reviewed and compared with fusions using autografts or banked bone from proven methods. The rate and percentage of fusion of gas sterilized bone was comparable to other bone grafts with no untoward complications. PMID- 6987751 TI - Malignant lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma) of bone. AB - A group of 24 patients (12 male and 12 female) with skeletal lesions of malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type, had a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Two patients with primary skeletal lesions were alive after 6,5 and 15,5 years. Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice, and chemotherapy may be of value for patients with disseminated lesions. PMID- 6987752 TI - Glucose and insulin response to a glucose load in Salisbury blacks: Part II. the contrast with whites. AB - Rhodesian Whites have a higher prevalence than Blacks of diabetes mellitus, a disease with a recognized genetic factor. The glucose tolerance test results of Black and White men standarized for age and occupation were compared, and then the interaction between serum glucose, insulin and a selection of other factors was contrasted statistically by race. Serum glucose concentrations, but no insulin values, differed by race in subjects with similar occupations. The interaction of glucose but not insulin with age, body mass index, and maximum volume of oxygen per kilogram body mass also differed by race. Serum insulin values vaired with cigarette smoking in Blacks. As serum insulin but not glucose also varied cross-sectionally in Blacks with increasing standards of living, there is further mathematical evidence that serum glucose concentrations are more directly under genetic control than are insulin concentrations. Differences in the serum insulin concentrations between Blacks and Whites in Rhodesia are probably caused by environmental factors. PMID- 6987754 TI - Perspectives in surgical infections. PMID- 6987753 TI - A tribute to William A. Altemeier, M.D. PMID- 6987755 TI - The birth of the surgical stapler. AB - Contrary to the popular belief that the stapling machine is a relatively recent technical innovation, surgical staplers have been in general use since as early as the first decade of the century. The first surgical stapler was invented in 1908, and the two people who were responsible for this invention were Victor Fischer and Humer Hultl. PMID- 6987756 TI - Liver hemodynamics and portacaval shunt. AB - The hepatic circulation, which is essentially important in supplying liver cells with oxygen and substrates needed for securing metabolic homeostasis, is well regulated by extrahepatic and intrahepatic mechanisms. Autoregulation of hepatic artery flow, as well as pressure mediated vascular interactions between hepatic arterial, portal venous and hepatovenous blood flow, secure a constant low pressure sinusoidal liver perfusion. Apart from these hemodynamic mechanisms, there are also specific morphologic features in the hepatic vascular bed responsible for regulating liver blood flow. Functional aspects concerning the arterial and portal venous contributions in liver circulation give strong evidence that portal blood may be of greater importance than arterial, especially for hepatic nutrition and trophics, as well as for metabolic homeostasis of the whole organism. In portacaval shunt operations, portal venous flow to the liver should be preserved to the greatest extent possible. PMID- 6987758 TI - Neurosurgeon of the year: Mahmut Gazi Yasargil. PMID- 6987757 TI - Pregnancy and thrombophlebitis. AB - There is an increased risk of thromboembolic disease during pregnancy. Diagnosis is accomplished through noninvasive measuring, impedance plethysmography and Doppler ultrasound. It is best managed by heparin therapy. PMID- 6987760 TI - Major reviews, chronological list, 1968-1980. PMID- 6987759 TI - Cerebral aneurysmal rupture during angiography with confirmation by computed tomography: a review of intra-angiographic aneurysmal rupture. AB - Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm during angiography, with confirmation by computed tomography (CT), is described. A review of 30 additional reported cases demonstrates no unusual profiles, with the exception of the predominance of female patients (71%), and the presence of pre-angiographic arterial hypertension. Experimental and clinical evidence increasingly suggests that intravascular pressures are transiently elevated during cerebral angiography. These changes may be enhanced by increased flow rates of contrast media, smaller diameters of the catheters, and the presence of intracranial arterial spasm, the latter presenting as a very prominent feature in intra-angiographic arterial rupture. However, direct evidence of elevation of the intra-aneurysmal pressure has not been documented, and may have occurred in only a portion of the cases. PMID- 6987761 TI - The non-contact tonometer. Its value and limitations. AB - A review of the literature and a comparative study against Goldmann applanation tonometers suggest that the non-contact tonometer is reliable for measuring intraocular pressures within the normal range. In addition, the non-contact tonometer eliminates the need for corneal contact and topical anesthesia, thereby avoiding the potential problems of corneal abrasion, spread of infection, and drug reactions. The instrument can be used reliably by paramedical personnel and has particular value in mass screening and possibly in studies of topical antiglaucoma drugs. The non-contact tonometer is less reliable in patients with elevated intraocular pressure, since comparative studies against the Goldmann applanation tonometers have shown poorer correlations in the higher pressure ranges. The instrument is also limited by an abnormal cornea or poor fixation, which may interfere with accurate pressure measurements. Furthermore, the non contact tonometer is less portable than many tonometers and more expensive than most. PMID- 6987763 TI - Treatment of retrolental fibroplasia. AB - Retrolental fibroplasia (RLF), a proliferative vascular retinopathy found almost exclusively in premature infants, continues to occur despite careful attention to oxygen administration. Much has been learned about the etiology and mechanisms of RLF over the past 30 years, and it is hoped that technological and biological research will ultimately lead to its prevention. No treatment is of proven value for the proliferative stages of RLF, although photocoagulation and cryotherapy directed at destruction of neovascularization are under study. Surgical treatment may be of value in controlling associated problems, particularly retinal detachments. PMID- 6987762 TI - Histocompatibility antigens (HLA) and uveitis. AB - The studies of histocompatibility (HLA) antigens have contributed to the understanding of the pathogenesis of uveitis. Acute anterior uveitis is associated with rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis. HLA-B 27 antigen is present in 98% of these cases. There are genetic and environmental factors influencing the activity of the disease. HLA-B 27 was found to be associated with 43% of cases of acute anterior uveitis without systemic disease. In juvenile chronic polyarthritis with acute anterior uveitis HLA-B 27 helps in differentiating between ankylosing spondylitis and Still's disease. Specific HLA antigens were also found in other forms of uveitis such as Reiter's disease (HLA B 27), Behcet's syndrome (HLA-B 5), VKH syndrome (HLA-Bw 22J) and ocular histoplasmosis (HLA-B 7). Despite these new findings, there are still many obscure factors and further studies are required to elucidate the pathogenesis of uveitis and to achieve its prevention. PMID- 6987764 TI - Compliance with ocular therapy. AB - Patient noncompliance with the physician's prescribed therapeutic regimen can present serious obstacles both to individual patient care and to the obtaining of information necessary for controlled drug trials. Unfortunately, the physician often is unable to determine whether and to what extent a patient is not complying with therapy. This article reviews the problem of patient noncompliance with particular emphasis on how and why noncompliance occurs, and methods of predicting, detecting and coping with the defaulting patient. PMID- 6987765 TI - Pitfalls in randomized surgical trials. AB - Special problems may arise when the principles of the randomized trial are used to compare operative methods. In the trial design that is used at present, each surgeon performs the operatons to be compared in a random order. A prerequisite for a trial so designed to result in a fair comparison is that the participating surgeons are equally conversant with both techniques. If they are not, the design may imply systematic bias in favor of operations that are in wide use and bias in favor of technically simple procedures. An alternative to this design is given. Reports on trials should contain information about pretrial routine and level of training of participants. PMID- 6987766 TI - Reduction of serum gastrin response to insulin hypoglycemia by selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - We have previously demonstrated that insulin hypoglycemia releases antral gastrin by a pH sensitive mechanism in duodenal ulcer (DU) patients. The effect of vagotomy per se on the hypoglycemic release of gastrin therefore might be obscured by alterations in antral pH. In the present study on 11 DU patients, the gastric acid response to intravenously administered insulin (0.2 units/kg-1) was determined before and after selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty (SV + PP). In another preoperative and postoperative test on each patient, the serum gastrin test, the serum gastrin response (radioimmunoassay) to insulin was determined during gastric perfusion with citrate-phosphate buffer pH 7.0. By adjusting the perfusion rate, the intragastric pH was maintained at 5.0 or higher. SV + PP abolished the acid response to insulin in four and reduced the response by 80% to 95% in another six patients. Gastric buffer perfusion or SV + PP did not alter the basal serum gastrin level. The increase of serum gastrin level after insulin was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced by SV + PP. Before operation the integrated serum gastrin response to insulin was significant (P less than 0.01). SV + PP reduced the response to one-third. The effect of SV + PP on the hypoglycemic release of gastrin varied among the patients but no relationship was found to the effect on the acid response, nor to the variations of the volume or pH of the perfusate (pH range, 5.0 to 7.5). It is concluded that insulin hypoglycemia releases antral gastrin by a vagal and probably also by a nonvagal mechanism and that both mechanisms are pH sensitive. PMID- 6987767 TI - Multiple surgical problems in two patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. AB - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a genetically determined disorder of connective tissue, the internal manifestations of which carry significant morbidity and mortality rates. During the past 14 years, we have treated multiple life-threatening surgical complications of this disease in two patients. The difficulties encountered at operation require modification of anesthetic and surgical techniques to accommodate the sometimes surrealistic situations that develop with alarming suddenness in patients with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. These techniques include handling the extremely friable tissues, dissecting and ligating vessels that disintegrate under the pressure of a hemostat, stemming spontaneous arterial hemorrhage, and special care in harvesting and placing split-thickness skin grafts. PMID- 6987770 TI - [Health education challenge in diabetes treatment: an expert team can clarify instructions]. PMID- 6987768 TI - New arterial clamp for perfusion preservation of cadaver kidneys. AB - A new arterial clamp has been developed for the perfusion of kidneys with single or multiple renal arteries which significantly reduces the risk of intimal damage. The use of this clamp completely eliminates the necessity for renal artery cannulation and also minimizes several disadvantages currently encountered with en block perfusion and preservation. PMID- 6987769 TI - [In memoriam Linda Severinsen]. PMID- 6987771 TI - [Interview in relation to Frederiksberg Municipal Nursing Society's 70th anniversary: around-the-clock nursing care is the absolute greatest answer (by Ulla Dietl)]. PMID- 6987772 TI - [In relation to Frederiksberg Municipal Nursing Society's 70th anniversary: that "small publication" grew into a book and a special exhibit]. PMID- 6987773 TI - Preservation of extracellular space during fixation of the brain for electron microscopy. AB - Adult mammalian brain contains about 20% extracellular space, but fixatives cause the cellular processes to ingest the extracellular fluid, and the space is not preserved in electron micrographs prepared by any of the conventional methods. This distortion can be prevented by replacing part of the sodium chloride in the extracellular fluid by an impermeant solute such as sucrose. To do this, the blood-brain barrier can be opened by vascular perfusion at 300 mmHg pressure, or the barrier can be bypassed by immersion of thin slices of fresh brain in the impermeant solution. In either case, addition of aldehyde fixatives and conventional processing then leads to the preservation of extracellular space in electron micrographs. Both procedures are as easy to use for routine fixation as conventional methods. In well fixed tissue the cellular processes are different in size, shape and electron density from the inflated profiles seen after the ingestion of extracellular fluid that accompanies conventional fixation. Moreover, extracellular space is found to separate widely some cellular elements, while leaving others contiguous. PMID- 6987775 TI - [The development of the nursing profession in Curacao. 1. From the earliest period to 1940]. PMID- 6987774 TI - Cryofixation without cryoprotectants. Freeze substitution and freeze etching of an insect olfactory receptor. AB - Antennae of the silk moth, Bombyx mori, were frozen by immersion into propane at 180 degrees C, and further processed by (a) freeze substitution (FS) or (b) freeze etching (FE). Although no cryoprotectant was used, freezing damage was observed in deeper tissue regions only. Data from FS specimens closely resemble those from FE replicas. Therefore, FS usually does not induce noticeable secondary artefacts by the preparation steps subsequent to freezing. When compared with chemically fixed antennae, the superior quality of cryofixation in this tissue is evident, particularly where cell surfaces and processes border the receptor lymph cavity; membranes are smooth following a steady course; dendrites and axons are round in cross-section with evenly distributed microtubules. The value of cryofixation is discussed with special reference to structures of presumed functional significance (e.g. stimulus conducting pore tubules, intramembrane particles of the receptor membrane, the ciliary segment of the dendrites, intercellular dilations, membrane junctions). PMID- 6987776 TI - [The development of the nursing profession on Curacao. II. The end of the Mission era and the introduction of the educational systems; from 1940 until the present]. PMID- 6987777 TI - Miceles. Amphiphile aggregation in aqueous solution. PMID- 6987778 TI - Surfactants in nonpolar solvents. Aggregation and micellization. PMID- 6987779 TI - Nitrosation and mutagenicity of some amine drugs. PMID- 6987780 TI - Clinical trials with MTDQ /6,6'-methylene-bis (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2 dihydroquinoline)/ an antioxidant with radiation sensitizing effect. AB - Daily doses of 1320 mg MTDQ have been administered orally to 7 patients for 100 subsequent days. Biological half-life and serum concentration measurements were performed. Function of vital organs, as well as routine laboratory findings revealed that MTDQ did not induce any toxic changes. The effect of MTDQ on the radiosensitivity of hypoxic tumor cells was studied in a combined treatment modality including 12 patients. The action on tumor regression was found encouraging. It has been found remarkable, too, that due to the effect of MTDQ and radiotherapy some of the nonspecific and general symptoms (e. g. pruritus) also disappeared. PMID- 6987781 TI - Immunogenicity of foreign tissues. PMID- 6987782 TI - Biosynthesis of ABH and Lewis antigens in normal and transplanted kidneys. PMID- 6987783 TI - A comparison of skin and heart graft rejection patterns in H-2 mutant mice. PMID- 6987785 TI - Dissociation of natural killer cell activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in kidney allograft recipients receiving high-dose immunosuppressive therapy. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of normal subjects and of kidney allograft recipients treated with immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine and prednisone) were tested for natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 cells, and for killer (K) cell activity against L-1210 cells in the presence of rabbit anti-L 1210 antiserum. It was found that the natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) was abolished in the immunosuppressed patients while the antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) remained normal. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between both activities in the treated group, whereas a strong positive correlation did exist in the control population. Uremic routinely hemodialyzed patients tested for NK cell activity did not exhibit any significant difference with the control group. These data indicate that NCMC and ADCC are different functions, apparently correlated in normal population but discriminated by immunosuppressive medical treatment. The abrogation of NCMC in patients in whom the risk of malignancy is highly increased strengthens the concept of a crucial role of NK cells in the in vivo surveillance toward malignancies. PMID- 6987784 TI - Role of mobile passenger lymphocytes in the rejection of renal and cardiac allografts in the rat. A passenger lymphocyte-mediated graft-versus-host reaction amplifies the host response. AB - It is demonstrated that passenger lymphocytes migrate out of rat renal allografts into host spleens in a radioresistant fashion. These mobile passenger lymphocytes within BN kidney and heart transplants are immunocompetent, since they elicit a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction in the spleens of (LEW x BN)F2 hybrid hosts. The greater GVH reaction in (LEW x BN)F1 recipients of BN kidneys reflects the greater number of mobile passenger lymphocytes in the kidney when compared to the heart. The mobile passenger lymphocytes within BN renal allografts also cause a proliferative response in the spleens of LEW hosts as well as an accelerated rejection of BN renal allografts when compared to BN cardiac allografts, for the differences between BN kidney and heart, both in terms of splenomegaly elicited in LEW as well as tempo of rejection, are abolished by total body X-irradiation of the donor with 900 rad. Results indicate that a mobile passenger lymphocyte mediated GVH reaction in the central lymphoid organs of the host augments the host response to allogeneic kidneys and contributes materially to first-set renal allograft rejection; this GVH reaction on the other hand is not conspicuously present in LEW recipients of BN cardiac allografts and has therefore little effect on first-set cardiac allograft rejection. PMID- 6987786 TI - Interaction of cyclosporin A with antilymphocyte serum and with enhancing serum for the suppression of renal allograft rejection in the rat. AB - The interactions between antilymphocyte serum (ALS) and cyclosporin A and between enhancing serum cyclosporin A were investigated in a DA to Lewis rat renal allograft model. Subtherapeutic doses of cyclosporin A (2 mg/kg/day), when combined with enhancing serum, produced no consistently beneficial effect in animal survival. A short course of cyclosporin A in therapeutic doses (5 mg/kg/day for 4 days) with enhancing serum was also no better than either agent used alone in prolonging rat survival. Subtherapeutic doses of ALS along with subtherapeutic doses of cyclosporin A (2 mg/kg/day) showed a favorable interaction, prolonging animal survival to a median of 59 days. Combination of immunosuppressive agents did not improve the histological picture of allograft rejection when compared to that seen when the agents were used individually. That cyclosporin A plus ALS show a favorable interaction, whereas cyclosporin A plus enhancing serum does not, may indicate that cyclosporin A and enhancing serum operate on the same portion of the immune response. PMID- 6987787 TI - Serum inhibitors of in vitro hematopoiesis and graft outcome in bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia. PMID- 6987789 TI - Histological and ultrastructural appearance of the liver during graft-versus-host disease complicating bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6987788 TI - B cell antibodies and crossmatching. AB - Over 200 cadaver donor transplants were crossmatched against T and B lymphocytes at 5 and 37 C. Of 54 positive B cell crossmatches, one-half had cold antibodies and one-half had warm antibodies. The 1-year transplant survival was 58% for B cold-positive crossmatches and 42% for B-warm-positive crossmatches. The B-warm positive crossmatches, when subdivided into those with strong HLA-DR antibodies showed a 27% 1-year transplant survival rate. We conclude that B cell-positive crossmatches with HLA-DR antibodies are deleterious and that those with cold anti IgM antibodies may enhance graft survival. PMID- 6987790 TI - Acute tubular necrosis after renal transplantation. AB - We evaluated the influence of dialysis requiring acute tubular necrosis on patient survival, and kidney survival and function in all 182 patients who needed dialysis immediately after transplantation at the University of Minnesota Hospitals. When compared to matched control patients not requiring dialysis, there was no difference at any point in patient survival. At 1 month there were more kidneys lost in the patients who developed acute tubular necrosis, but this difference was not present at 3 months or later. Acute tubular necrosis is a relatively innocent complication of renal transplantation and, if one avoids assaulting patients with invasive diagnostic procedures, does not give rise to an increased mortality nor, in the long run, to an increased loss of kidneys. Therefore, kidneys should not be discarded because of fear they might develop this complication. PMID- 6987791 TI - In vitro alteration of canine renal allograft immunogenicity. AB - Significant prolongation of renal allograft survival was demonstrated in a controlled canine model with the host suboptimally immunosuppressed when grafts were perfused for 24 hr with cryoprecipitated plasma (CPP) that had been obtained from plasma of dogs "pretreated" with i.v. cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg for 5 1/2 hr) and i.v. methylprednisolone (60 mg/kg for 2 1/2 hr). The active metabolites of these drugs within the pretreated plasma may have modified the graft immunogenicity in vitro. However, the use of pretreated kidneys in combination with 24 hr of perfusion with CPP did not result in prolonged graft survival. Furthermore, 24-hr perfusion of pretreated kidneys with their own pretreated CPP did not improve graft survival. This suggests that the pretreated canine kidney does not tolerate pulsatile preservation with CPP; this is in contrast to the human experience and may be attributable to a species difference. PMID- 6987792 TI - Only B lymphocytes induce active enhancement of rat cardiac allografts. AB - LEW rats were immunized 7 days before (LEW X BN)F1 heart transplantation with 10(7) BN donor cells, either purified erythrocytes (RBC), peripheral blood (PBL), splenic, nylon-wool-adherent (B-enriched) or nylon-wool-nonadherent (T-enriched) lymphocytes. Allograft rejection was only significantly enhanced in animals pretreated with lymphocyte populations containing surface immunoglobulin (SIgG) positive cells (PBL, splenic, or B-enriched lymphocytes). Recipients immunized with RBC or T-enriched lymphocytes containing few, if any, SIgG-bearing B lymphocytes showed no significant graft prolongation. PMID- 6987793 TI - Reversal of acute rejection episodes by cyclosporin A in dogs receiving renal allografts. PMID- 6987794 TI - Blood transfusions are not for everyone--yet. PMID- 6987795 TI - [Effect of azathioprine and prednisolone on recipients of xenografts presensitized with donor species-specific antigen (author's transl)]. AB - Presensitization induced by pretreatment of the recipients with donor species specific spleen antigen cannot be completely reversed by immunosuppressive drugs. However, there is a suppressive influence of the combined administration of azathioprine and prednisolone on hemagglutinating antibody production after transplantation as well as an effect on function and survival time of renal xenografts. PMID- 6987796 TI - Dip-slide in patients at high risk of urinary tract infection. AB - 146 initial and follow-up urine specimens of a urinary tract infection clinic were processed simultaneously by a dip-slide and by a standard pour plate method to evaluate the reliability of this simplified urine culture technique in a population with a high incidence of urinary tract infections. The dip-slide method gave false-negative results in only 8.7% of infected urines (greater than 10(5) cfu/ml urine), as determined by pour plate method. 1.3% false-positives were recorded. The false-negative rate rose to 22.2% when the dip-slide was used on the urines from patients on antimicrobial therapy. Our findings suggest that this simplified urine culture method is a useful tool even in populations with high incidence of urinary infections, although more careful evaluation of these test results is necessary when antimicrobial drugs are present in the urine specimens. PMID- 6987797 TI - [Chances of an automated prescreening test based on cytology of the urinary tract. Preliminary report based on a high-resolution system (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of bladder tumors has increased in the last years. Often, at the time of diagnosis the tumor has reached a stage in which a curative radical therapy is no longer possible. With the help of urinary cytology it is often possible to obtain evidence of tumors at an early stage, before clinical symptoms become evident. For this reason, urinary cytology would appear to be a reasonable screening method for tumor detection. In the framework laws concerning measures for the preventive treatment of tumors, there is no provision for the early detection of tumors of the bladder and urinary tract. As urine is easily obtainable it appears that urinary cytology could easily by integrated into such a program for early detection of tumors. The evaluation is relatively costly in man-hours and, therefore, not suitable for screening. For this reason, urothelical cells were investigated in respect to their use as a diagnostic parameter in an automated screening test. Urinary cells can be analyzed automatically, but little experience has been made in this area of research. However, it seems that automation of urinary cytology would be a step towards screening method for tumors of the bladder and urinary tract. PMID- 6987798 TI - Parenteral versus oral route of vaccination in sows for immunization of pigs against colibacillosis. PMID- 6987799 TI - Use of an allogeneic bone graft to enlarge the pelvic outlet in a cat. PMID- 6987801 TI - Swabbing procedures in the control of CEM. PMID- 6987800 TI - A modified Kohler technique of producing autogenous oral vaccine for swine. PMID- 6987802 TI - Evaluation of dried blood samples as a source of antibody in the micro ELISA test for Babesia divergens. PMID- 6987803 TI - Competitive exclusion of salmonellas from the newly hatched chick. PMID- 6987804 TI - Immobilizing drug emergencies in humans. PMID- 6987805 TI - The Ames test: a look at the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. PMID- 6987806 TI - [30 years of the national transfusion service in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 6987807 TI - [Myeloproliferative states]. PMID- 6987808 TI - [Forssman antigen in cancerous and normal human tissues]. AB - By reactions of complement fixation, hemolysis and specific adsorption it was found that the heterogenous Forssman antigen is not contained in erythrocytes of normal human tissues and tumors. In the sera of healthy individuals as well as in those with cancer and benign tumors and in rabbit sera there were found complement-fixating antibodies and hemolysins being specific with regard to sheep erythrocytes (Forssman's antigen). There was noted a decreased level of heterophilic Forssman antibodies in the sera of females with malignant and benign genital tumors compared with healthy ones. PMID- 6987809 TI - [State of the insular apparatus in rats with transplanted and induced tumors]. AB - Observations were carried out in rats with transplantable Geren's carcinoma or sarcoma induced by 3,4-benz (a) pyrene. The contents of plasma immune-reactive insulin (IRI), the glucose tolerance and response of the insular apparatus to the glycemia level were found to change at all stages of the tumor growth. Most of animals had low levels of IRI in blood, the glucose tolerance was decreased. Some rats with Geren's carcinoma showed the signs of increased functioning of the insular apparatus. It was shown that disorders in the insular apparatus function in tumor-bearing animals were due to changing of its response to the level of glycemia. PMID- 6987810 TI - [Interaction of nitrosamine photolysis products with DNA]. PMID- 6987811 TI - Sixty years of progress: nursing and the times in U.S.A.--and in Vermont 1919 1920. PMID- 6987812 TI - Doctors afield in early Wisconsin. PMID- 6987813 TI - Salmonella meningitis in infancy. PMID- 6987814 TI - Prevalence of pinworm and whipworm infestations in institutionalized mental patients in Wisconsin, 1966-1976. PMID- 6987815 TI - Hyperkalemia: pathophysiology and management. AB - Huperkalemia, a potentially lethal electrolyte disturbance, is frequently encountered by the practicing physician. Multiple factors, including the level of renal function, acid base status, activity of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system, and the availability of insulin, normally interact to control the serum potassium concentration. The author approaches hyperkalemia as an aberration of one or more of these controlling factors and discusses appropriate therapeutic modalities. PMID- 6987816 TI - [Nursing care report in pictures. Specialists are satisfied]. PMID- 6987817 TI - [V. I. Lenin, Soviet public health organizer]. PMID- 6987818 TI - [Kinin system and fibrinolysis enzymatic study of the blood plasma in laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 6987819 TI - [Cholesteatomas of the middle ear]. PMID- 6987820 TI - [Experimental hearing aid implanted by screening the cochlear window in the rehabilitation of sequelae from chronic suppurative otitis media]. PMID- 6987821 TI - [Development of phoniatrics in the Czechoslovak SSR]. PMID- 6987823 TI - [Study of the purity of insulin preparations using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. PMID- 6987822 TI - Innunocytological studies on the constituent cells of the secondary nodules in human tonsils. AB - The rate of presence of surface immunoglobulins (sIg) and incidence of the surface receptors (SRBC-receptor, Fc-receptor and C3 receptor) were examined on the constituent cells of secondary nodules enucleated from human tonsils and foated in suspension. As most of the rosette-forming cells for SRBC-receptor were judged to belong to small round cells, the germinal center was considered to be a "non-T-cell region." The coronal B-lymphocytes and small germinal center cells were fairly matured B-cells because both bore sIg (100%), Fc receptor (25%) and C3 receptor (90-80%), while the former cells were thought to be more matured on the basis of their possession of surface delta-chain. As the large germinal center cells bore sIg (50%) and carried Fc receptor (25%) and C3 receptor (50%), they seemed to be the major immature cells among the cell constituents of the secondary nodules. Moreover, it is presumed that the majority of the large germinal center cells are able to differentiate into coronal B-lymphocytes, probably memory cells, and a minor population of them into cIg-containing cells. PMID- 6987826 TI - Multiaxial systems of classification. Types of axes. AB - Introductory remarks on the pros and cons of psychiatric diagnosis and classification lead to the conclusion that these are necessary tools for adequate and effective therapy, care and counselling of the psychically ill individual as well as for progress in research resulting in improvement of disease prevention or mental health care planning, etc. for all members of the community. The way to improve the tool of classification by multiaxial classification is illustrated by several existing systems and explanation of their underlying concepts. In discussing the various unsolved questions and difficulties one can conclude that multiaxial classification currently is at the very least a valuable tool of psychiatric education and training. PMID- 6987825 TI - Potassium-induced renal loss of sodium in lithium-treated rats. AB - A high intake of potassium prevents lithium-induced renal water and sodium losing conditions. In order to investigate a probable curative effect of potassium against these conditions Wistar rats were given lithium by the food (80 mmol/kg). The animals had access to water and a 0.46 M NaCl solution. The potassium content of the food was 100 mmol/kg during the pretreatment period of about 4 weeks, then 500 mmol of KCl per kg food was added. Potassium administration did not significantly influence the intake of water but led to a temporary rise of the intake of 0.46 M NaCl. The intake rose from 100 mu to 500 mumol/hr/100 g body weight in the course of 2-3 days and then gradually declined during three weeks. The increase of the sodium intake was not superfluous but due to a renal loss of sodium. If the animals were not allowed to replace the lost sodium by drinking more NaCl solution, plasma renin rose, body weight, lithium clearance, and water intake fell. It is concluded that a high potassium intake was unable to cure lithium-induced water and sodium losing conditions in rats. Prolonged lithium administration interferes with the mechanism for selective renal excretion of potassium. A high potassium intake resulted in a temporary renal loss of sodium. PMID- 6987824 TI - Behavioural and glial cell effects of inhalation exposure to styrene vapour with special reference to interactions of simultaneous peroral ethanol intake. AB - Male Wistar rats were exposed to 300 p.p.m. of styrene vapour with simultaneous ethanol ingestion for 4 to 17 weeks. The effects on behaviour were analyzed after 4, 9 and 13 weeks of the experiment. The most manifest behavioural effects were found in rats exposed to the combination, and the changes included increased preening time at the 4th week and increased ambulation and rearing at the end of the exposure. The ethanol ingestion affected also the accumulation of the solvent burden by delaying the peak solvent concentration in the perirenal fat to the 8th week of exposure. The fat solvent concentration did not differ from each other in the two groups at the end of the experiment, and they were similar as compared the concentration found in phenobarbital-pretreated rats exposed for reference. The styrene exposure had almost no effects on cerebral glial cells whereas ethanol induced unexpectedly increased protein destruction in them throughout the experiment. Co-exposure to ethanol and styrene decreased the magnitude of protein destruction in the glial cells. Withdrawal of the rats after an 8-week exposure showed that the styrene effects were largely abolished in two weeks of exposure free period as analyzed by the determination of brain RNA and acid proteinase activity. Brain RNA was lower than control after two weeks of ethanol deprivation. The present data indicate that marked metabolic interactions between ethanol and styrene take place in agreement with experience on other similar solvent combinations. PMID- 6987827 TI - Borderline: a concept analysis. AB - An examination of the literature concerning the borderline reveals that different authors, using different concepts of the borderline state, are describing different patient groups. Related to the background of the generally accepted psychiatric nosological classification, three borderline concepts are clearly discernible: (1) borderline equated with a forme fruste of schizoprenia, (2) borderline equated with a general category of personality disorder (psychopathy) and (3) borderline equated with a special form of personality disorder. PMID- 6987828 TI - Transsexualism as a nosological unity in men and women. PMID- 6987829 TI - [Septicemia caused by infected serous renal cyst]. PMID- 6987830 TI - [Assay of catecholamines and their metabolites by isotopic methods. Value in pharmacology and physiopathology]. PMID- 6987831 TI - [Contribution of histoenzymologic techniques in muscle pathology]. PMID- 6987832 TI - [Biotransformation enzymes : their role in carcinogenesis]. PMID- 6987833 TI - [Adrenergic mechanisms and agents in hypoxia]. PMID- 6987834 TI - Gangliosides of brain and of extraneural tissues: structural relationship to protein-linked glycans. PMID- 6987835 TI - Sialidoses, new types of inborn diseases. AB - While mucolipidosis I and its variants are well defined as sialidosis, the basic defect in mucolipidosis II and III is still discussed. The neuraminidase defect in these disorders is generally considered as one of many lysosomal hydrolase deficiencies, accompanied by a high extracellular activity of these enzymes. Our hypothesis of a specific alpha-neuraminidase defect, in these cases, is based on the fact that it is common to numerous tissues and extracellular fluids, in opposite to other hydrolases activities. The choice of the substrate for the alpha-neuraminidase determination appears to be very important, in view of their peculiar specificities. PMID- 6987836 TI - Saccharide traffic signals in receptor-mediated endocytosis and transport of acid hydrolases. PMID- 6987837 TI - The pathogenesis of gynecomastia. PMID- 6987838 TI - Lipoprotein metabolism in liver disease. AB - In this review we have endeavored to emphasize the central role of the liver in normal lipoprotein metabolism and to demonstrate how derangements in these metabolic processes can lead to abnormalities characteristic of liver disease. Since changes in the concentration and composition of plasma lipids and lipoproteins occur frequently in liver disease, these findings may be useful in following the clinical course of patients with liver disease of various causes. It should be emphasized that elevated plasma triglycerides and cholesterol are due to underlying defects in lipoprotein metabolism and should not be confused with primary hyperlipidemia. Impaired cholesterol esterification, abnormal lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns and lipoprotein compositional changes, all reflect abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism that are secondary to hepatocellular injury or cholestasis. These abnormalities are very sensitive indicators of fundamental metabolic defects that are related in part to LCAT and apoprotein activator deficiencies, impaired H-TGL and LPL activity and, perhaps, defective remnant lipoprotein clearance by the liver. Since these abnormalities tend to improve with clinical recovery they have proved to be reliable and sensitive indicators of hepatic function and thus, are useful in the assessment of liver disease. PMID- 6987839 TI - Cholestatic liver disease: mechanisms, diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 6987840 TI - The management of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6987841 TI - Thromboxane and prostacyclin: implications for function and disease of the vasculature. PMID- 6987842 TI - The "contact system" in health and disease. AB - In the last 10 years, our understanding of the contact system, particularly its biochemistry, has greatly increased. The components of this system and their interactions have been elucidated from in vitro experiments. Although the activation of the contact system have been implicated in various types of human disease, in only a few instances is its role clearly defined. The physiologic role of the contact system is totally unknown at present. Obviously, more studies are needed to bridge a big gap between in vitro observations and in vivo phenomena. PMID- 6987843 TI - Use of radionuclides to evaluate myocardial structure and function. PMID- 6987844 TI - The significance of normal and anomalous atrioventricular conducting pathways in cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 6987845 TI - Newer approaches to solute removal in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6987846 TI - Lactic acidosis. PMID- 6987847 TI - Cell markers in lymphomas and leukemias. PMID- 6987848 TI - Sensitivity of normal and neoplastic cells to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. PMID- 6987849 TI - Clinical uses of macrophage inhibitors. PMID- 6987850 TI - Bacterial adherence. PMID- 6987851 TI - Appraisal and reappraisal of viral vaccines. PMID- 6987852 TI - High-density lipoproteins in human health and disease. PMID- 6987853 TI - Single subject research strategies in occupational therapy, part 1. AB - This paper is designed to orient occupational therapists to the use of single subject methodology as a viable mode of clinical research. The role of single subject designs in today's scientific world is explored through an historical perspective, and major strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Basic methodological concepts and research designs are presented to provide a foundation for therapists interested in documenting intervention results. Finally, some of the problems inherent in transferring single subject strategies to occupational therapy are presented. PMID- 6987854 TI - Biorhythms--claims and evaluations. PMID- 6987855 TI - In memoriam: Edwin Doyle Jones. PMID- 6987857 TI - Syndrome of symptomatic coronary arterial spasm with nearly normal coronary arteriograms. AB - The clinical manifestations of symptomatic coronary arterial spasm were analyzed in 30 patients whose coronary arteriograms demonstrated no fixed severe obstructions. The study group consisted of 14 men and 16 women (average age, 47 years). Angina at rest was invariable and it was usually typical in quality, location, duration and response to nitroglycerin. Exertional angina occurred in 23 percent and syncope with angina in 33 percent. Spontaneous remission of angina for at least 1 month occurred in 57 percent of patients. Prinzmetal's variant angina occurred in 77 percent of patients and only S-T segment depression or T wave changes during angina occurred in 23 percent. Major arrhythmias during ischemia developed in 47 percent. Exericse tests were positive in 24 percent. Myocardial infarction, probably due to coronary spasm, occurred in 7 percent of patients. Isosorbide dinitrate and propranolol were effective therapy in only 39 percent and 6 percent of patients, respectively. Nifedipine, a calcium flux antagonist, was effective in 80 percent of patients. Patients with normal coronary arteriograms who have clinical features suggestive of coronary arterial spasm should be considered for further investigation, including long-term electrocardiographic monitoring and provocative testing for spasm. PMID- 6987858 TI - Some clinical considerations regarding the relation of coronary vasospasm to coronary atherosclerosis: a hypothetical pathogenesis. AB - This study explores the relation between coronary arterial spasm and the development of coronary atherosclerosis. The clinical history and coronary angiographic and electrocardiographic data in 212 consecutive patients with ischemic heart disease were correlated. These patients were classified into four groups: Group 1, patients without angiographic evidence of atherosclerosis; Group 2, patients with single vessel disease; Group 3, patients with double vessel disease; and Group 4, patients with significant narrowing of major coronary arteries. Although spontaneous angina occurred in all four groups, it was more common (55 percent) in the patients in Group 1, who were predominantly female and young. Spontaneous angina was confirmed in Group 1 with several techniques, including thallium-201 scintigraphy, ergonovine administration and electrocardiography during attacks of pain. Prior myocardial infarction was present with similar frequency in all four groups. A patient is discussed whose spontaneously occurring coronary arterial spasm later progressed to fixed arteriosclerotic narrowing requiring coronary bypass surgery. These observations and a review of the literature lend support to the hypothesis that coronary arterial spasm can be a possible antecedent leading to the later development of fixed atherosclerotic coronary arterial obstruction. PMID- 6987856 TI - Instrumental methods in the study of vascular disease. PMID- 6987860 TI - Physical factors influencing postprandial glucose and insulin responses to starch. PMID- 6987859 TI - Single nutrient deficiency and cell-mediated immune responses. I. Zinc. AB - The thymus of rats provided zinc-deficient diet weighed less than the thymus of animals fed zinc-containing control diet. The antibody-forming cell response in the spleen was reduced. Cytotoxic response of spleen cells of zinc-deficient mice immunized in vivo was decreased whereas after sensitization in vitro the response was comparable to that seen in zinc-replete animals. Natural killer cell activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity were increased, particularly the former. These observations suggest that dietary zinc intake is an important factor modulating cell-mediated immune responses. PMID- 6987861 TI - Direct tissue visualization of normal cross-reacting antigen in neoplastic granulocytes. AB - Normal cross-reacting antigen, a glycoprotein that shares some antigenic determinants with carcinoembryonic antigen, was consistently demonstrated by tissue immunoperoxidase staining in the cytoplasm of both non-neoplastic and neoplastic neutrophilic granulocytes. It was absent in lymphoid cells, but occasional cells of the macrophage/histiocyte series showed variable staining. Malignant cells from patients who had non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphomas were negative for normal cross-reacting antigen. These findings were in contrast to the findings of specific normal cross-reacting antigen positivity in neoplastic granulocytes from three patients who had acute granulocytic leukemia, three who had chronic granulocytic leukemia, and one who had a granulocytic sarcoma. Similar normal cross-reacting antigen positivity was also seen in granulocytes from two patients who had granulocyte dysplasia. It is suggested that direct tissue visualization of normal cross-reacting antigen using immunoperoxidase technics may be of value in the classification and diagnosis of hematologic malignancies, and may provide an additional marker for cells of the granulocytic series. PMID- 6987862 TI - The potentially lethal problem of cardiac candidosis. AB - Candidosis was recognized retrospectively in the hearts of 20 of 8,975 patients (0.2%) who had complete postmortem examinations done in Central Kentucky and South Florida. This mycosis, characterized by myocardial micro-abscesses with yeasts and pseudohyphal elements in 18 patients, was the most common fungal cardiac infection. Noncaseating granulomas were seen in only one patient. Infective endocarditis due to Candida species was found in seven individuals and involved the mitral valve most frequently. The 20 infected persons varied in age from 20 days to 65 years, with a mean age of 37 years, and included 11 males and nine females. All had compromising, usually benign, underlying diseases complicated by antibiotic therapy for suspected or proven Gram-negative sepsis. Typically, these patients were extremely ill, and eight had recognized conduction disturbances including altered heart rates and rhythms. Deep candidosis was considered a major factor in every patient's death. Experimental deep candidosis in 12 infected, adult laboratory rats was characterized by similar haphazardly scattered myocardial microabscesses with fungal elements in eight (67%). Endocarditis in the rats was not seen in this intracardiac injection model. Widespread antibiotic exposure in patients who have compromising underlying diseases portends an increasing incidence of deep candidosis, which as the potential to infect any tissue, particularly the heart, and to create cardiac arrhythmias and death. PMID- 6987863 TI - Lack of person-to-person transmission of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli despite close contact. AB - The scanty epidemiologic evidence available suggests that enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are usually spread by contaminated food and water vehicles; little is known of the risk of secondary spread by contact transmission. Studies carried out in a 22-bed isolation Ward at the U. of Maryland Hospital gave the opportunity to determine whether individuals excreting ETEC, with and without diarrhea, would transmit the pathogen to controls living in close contact. In one combined study, seven volunteers who had ingested 10(8) virulent ETEC (strain H10407), were housed day and night for two weeks with eight other volunterrs participating in an intranasal attenuated influenza vaccine study. In a second study, four persons ingesting 10(8) ETEC (strain 214-4) lived with 13 who were inoculated with intranasal influenza vaccine. The individuals in the E. coli and influenza groups were randomly mixed in bedrooms and shared bathrooms, dining and recreation areas of the ward. Seven persons who ingested ETEC developed diarrhea; all 11 excreted the pathogen (10(7)-10(9) organisms/gm or ml of stool), and 10 had significant rises in anti-O or antitoxin antibody. In contrast, no influenza vaccinees, despite close sharing of facilities, developed diarrhea, excreted ETEC or had rises in antibody to E. coli antigens. These data suggest that ETEC are not readily transmitted to healthy adults by direct person to-person contact. Precautions to prevent contamination of shared food sources would appear to be the most rational intervention to avoid secondary cases of ETEC diarrhea. PMID- 6987864 TI - Liver alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in the Japanese: isozyme variation and its possible role in alcohol intoxication. AB - Forty autopsy livers from Japanese individuals were studied concerning alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes using electrophoretic and enzyme assay methods. A remarkably high frequency (85%) was found for the atypical ADH phenotype. The gene frequencies of ADH22 and ADH32 were .625 and .05, respectively. The usual ALDH phenotype showed two major isozyme bands, a faster migrating (low Km for acetaldehyde) and a slower migrating isozyme (high Km for acetaldehyde). Fifty-two percent of the specimens had an unusual phenotype of ALDH, which showed only the slower migrating isozyme. The usual phenotype was inhibited about 20%--30% by disulfiram and the unusual type up to 90%. Such a high incidence in the Japanese of the unusual phenotype, which lacks in the low Km isozyme, suggests that the initial intoxicating symptoms after alcohol drinking in these subjects might be due to delayed oxidation of acetaldehyde rather than its higher-than-normal production by typical or atypical ADH. PMID- 6987865 TI - Effect of comprehensive pharmaceutical services on drug use in long-term care facilities. AB - The effect of comprehensive pharmaceutical services on drug consumption and cost in long-term care facilities was studied over an eight-year period. Medication administration records for 1970-1977 were obtained for all patients in three long term care facilities served by a centralized pharmaceutical service. Services included unit dose drug delivery, drug use and chart review, and medical staff consultation. Data from a 10% sample of 4,004 patient records were analyzed. A significant (p less than 0.05) decline in the number of prescription drugs (42.8%) and the number of prescription doses (34.6%) consumed occurred over the eight-year period. The number of nonprescription drugs decreased significantly by 34.4%, but consumption of nonprescription drug doses was not changed significantly. When adjusted for inflation, the average monthly medication bill per patient decreased 28.9%, with the average for Medicaid patients being significantly (p less than 0.001) greater than that for private-pay patients. No significant changes occurred in the therapeutic categories of drug use. Centralized pharmaceutical services, pharmacist consultation and drug use review significantly reduced drug use and medication costs in the facilities studied. PMID- 6987866 TI - Infection in a functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunt treated with intraventricular gentamicin. AB - A case of successful treatment of a functioning ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection with high doses of intraventricular gentamicin sulfate is reported. The VP shunt reservoir of a four-month-old girl with hydrocephalus became infected. The scalp wound was debrided and intravenous methicillin sodium, 200 mg every six hours, was administered. When culture and sensitivity tests later showed Enterobacter cloacae, methicillin was discontinued. Intraventricular gentamicin, 2 mg/day, and intravenous carbenicillin, 400 mg/kg/day, were administered. Gentamicin dosage was increased twice over the next eight days to 6 mg/day. The trough cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gentamicin level at 2 mg/day was 1.7 micrograms/ml, at 4 mg/day was 0.7 microgram/ml and at 6 mg/day was 19.6 micrograms/ml. Gentamicin was discontinued after 14 days; carbenicillin was continued for 7 more days. For a second shunt infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae, intraventricular gentamicin and intravenous chloramphenicol were given for 21 days. Previous reports of ventricular shunt infections are reviewed. The report indicates that it is possible to achieve therapeutic CSF levels of gentamicin in patients with patent VP shunts by administering 2--5 times (depending on ventricle size) the usual intraventricular dose. PMID- 6987867 TI - Mechanisms of Bacterial diarrheas. PMID- 6987868 TI - Paying for primary care--time for a change? PMID- 6987869 TI - Cutaneous vascular immunofluorescence in rheumatoid arthritis. Correlation with circulating immune complexes and vasculitis. AB - The presence of immunoglobulin and complement in the cutaneous blood vessels of clinically uninvolved forearm skin was studied in 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, using immunofluorescent techniques. Patients with evidence of these immune deposits had a greater prevalence of circulating immune complexes, vasculitic skin lesions, subcutaneous nodules, high titer rheumatoid factor and other findings suggestive of active vasculitis. Biopsy of uninvolved forearm skin may be a useful tool in assessing those patients with rheumatoid arthritis suspected of having a systemic vasculitis. PMID- 6987870 TI - Gram-negative bacteremia. III. Reassessment of etiology, epidemiology and ecology in 612 patients. AB - Evaluation of 612 episodes of gram-negative bacteremia over a 10-year period demonstrated its progressively increasing frequency. This increase was associated with an increasing proportion of patients with more severe underlying disease, increasing patient age, increasing frequency of cardiac surgery and manipulative procedures, and increasing frequency of treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids and antimetabolites in patients with bacteremia. Fatality rates paralleled the severity of the host's underlying disease as noted in previous reports. The urinary tract was the most frequent source of bacteremia, but in 30 per cent of the patients, predominantly those with more severe underlying disease, the original source could not be identified. Of all blood cultures obtained in these patients, 72 per cent were positive. Bacteremia was of low magnitude with 77 per cent of the patients have quantitative blood cultures with less than 10 gram-negative bacilli per milliliter of blood. Escherichia coli was the most frequent etiologic agent followed in frequency by Klebsiella Enterobacter-Serratia species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus and Providencia species, and species of Bacteroides. Sixteen per cent of the bacteremias were polymicrobic. K and O-antigen typing of Escherichia coli and capsular typing of K. pneumoniae demonstrated that a large number of serologic types of these strains were responsible for bacteremia. Over-all, bacteremia caused by multiple species of bacteria was associated with higher fatality rates, but no significant differences in fatality rates could be demonstrated for bacteremias caused by individual species of gram-negative bacilli when comparisons were made between patients with underlying diseases of similar severity. The presence or type of K antigen did not influence the lethality of Esch. coli infections. Although some O antigen types, 0:4, 0:6 and 0:8, were associated with higher fatality rates than other O-antigen types, "rough" or autoagglutinable Esch. coli were as lethal as smooth strains. These findings indicate that bacterial factors, other than antibiotic resistance, have little influence on the outcome of gram-negative bacteremia and that gram-negative bacilli function primarily as "opportunistic" pathogens. PMID- 6987871 TI - Gram-negative bacteremia. IV. Re-evaluation of clinical features and treatment in 612 patients. AB - Clinical features and specific aspects of treatment were evaluated in 612 patients with gram-negative bacteremia observed over a 10 year period. Coagulation abnormalities or thrombocytopenia were observed in 64 per cent of the patients. Evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was found in approximately 10 per cent of them but was of sufficient severity to be associated with subcutaneous or visceral bleeding in 3 per cent of them. The frequency of coagulation abnormalities, other than DIC, was greater in patients with more severe underlying disease but DIC occurred with similar frequency irrespective of the severity of underyling host disease. Coagulation abnormalities of all types were associated with increased fatality rates. Hypothermia was noted in 13 per cent of the patients at the onset of bacteremia but was transient and was not associated with increased fatality. Failure to mount a febrile response greater than 99.6 degrees F within the first 24 hours of bacteremia was associated with a significant increase in fatality rates. Prior corticosteroid therapy diminished the febrile response to bacteremia. Age, underlying host disease, granulocytopenia, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, nosocomial infections, and antecedent treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids, and antimetabolites significantly increased fatality rates. Appropriate antibiotic treatment reduced the fatality rate of those with bacteremia by approximately one-half among patients in each category of severity of underlying host disease. In addition, it was shown that early appropriate antibiotic therapy also reduced the frequency with which shock developed by one half. Even after development of shock, appropriate antibiotic therapy significantly reduced fatality rates. The use of combinations of antibiotics could not be demonstrated to significantly improve survival rates. Minimal differences in therapeutic efficacy could be demonstrated between individual antibiotics and various combinations of antimicrobials. Shock occurred in approximately 40 per cent of the patients and its frequency was not influenced by the species of etiologic agent. Contrary to previous reports, corticosteroid therapy in patients with shock did not enhance survival and treatment with an average of 4.0 g/day of hydrocortisone or its equivalents was associated with a significant increase in fatality rates. PMID- 6987872 TI - The role of hypertension in hemodialysis-associated atherosclerosis. AB - Atherosclerosis in 50 nondiabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis was assessed at the time of renal transplantation by intraoperative examination and histologic evaluation of the iliac vasculature. Patients were grouped accordingly: minimal (group 1), moderate (group 2) or severe (group 3) atherosclerosis. Sixty-two per cent of the patients had atherosclerosis, half of them with severe involvement. No sex differences were noted. There was a significant correlation between the patient's age and the degree of atherosclerosis (p less than 0.02). Thirty-five per cent of the patients under 30 years of age had atherosclerosis whereas similarly studied nonuremic control subjects had no atherosclerosis. Metabolic and lipid abnormalities, and duration of hemodialysis did not correlate with degree of atherosclerosis. Hypertension was present in 90 per cent of the patients in groups 2 and 3. When patients between the ages of 25 and 40 years were selected, atherosclerosis was present only in previously hypertensive patients (p less than 0.02). Atherosclerosis may not be accelerated by hemodialysis and may be prevented by more stringent control of hypertension in uremia. PMID- 6987874 TI - Recurrence of Wegener's granulomatosis after kidney transplantation. Successful re-induction of remission with cyclophosphamide. AB - A patient with Wegener's granulomatosis underwent successful kidney transplantation. After four years he had a recurrence of his disease while being maintained on azathiorpine. Substitution of cyclophosphamide for azathioprine resulted in a rapid remission of the Wegener's granulomatosis. Renal function has remained stable, and the patient has done well. As previous reports have suggested, it appears that cyclophosphamide is the immunosuppressive drug of choice in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis and that azathioprine is not as effective as cyclophosphamide in the treatment of this form of systemic vasculitis. PMID- 6987873 TI - Prostaglandins: interactions with platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in hemostasis and inflammation. PMID- 6987875 TI - Why a separate organization for state boards? PMID- 6987877 TI - Enamel loss due to orthodontic bonding with filled and unfilled resins using various clean-up techniques. AB - An in vitro study using steel reference markers in the enamel of 100 premolars was carried out in order to determine the enamel loss resulting from each step in the placement and removal of bonded orthodontic attachments. Measurements were made by means of the optical system of a profile projector for orientation and positioning and a micrometer for quantification. Accuracy to within +/- 1 micron was achieved. The 10.7 micron of enamel lost during initial prophylaxis with bristle brush was greater than the 5.0 micron lost when a rubber cup was used, and the difference was statistically significant. A 90-second etch with phosphoric acid resulted in a mean loss of 6.9 micron, with no significant difference between liquid and gel forms. It was possible to clean up the unfilled resin with hand instruments only; this resulted in a mean enamel loss of 7.7 micron. Rotary instruments, however, were required for cleaning up filled resin. Within this group, more enamel was lost when the high-speed 7902 bur (19.2 micron) and green rubber wheel (18.4 micron) were used than when the low-speed 7111 bur (11.3 micron) was used. Total enamel loss ranged from 26.1 to 31.8 micron for unfilled resin and from 29.5 to 41.2 micron for filled resin, depending on the instrument used for prophylaxis and debonding. Twenty-seven of the teeth showed evidence of a perikymata-like structure after as much as 29 micron of enamel had been removed, questioning the reliability of anatomic landmarks as reference points in the study of enamel loss. PMID- 6987879 TI - Enamel cracks in debonded, debanded, and orthodontically untreated teeth. AB - Using fiber-optic transillumination, a clinical assessment was made of enamel cracks (prevalence, localization, expression, direction) in three groups of adolescents representing debonded, debanded, and orthodontically untreated teeth. The findings indicated that enamel cracks were extremely common in all three groups. Most cracks were not very prominent and could easily be overlooked on routine clinical examination. The majority of cracks were vertical and, with the exception of the mandibular incisors, were most frequently localized in the gingival two-thirds of the facial tooth surfaces. The marked cracks were observed mostly on maxillary canines and central incisors in all groups. Of the few horizontal cracks noted, most were located in maxillary and mandibular central incisors. Clinical implications of the observations are (1) careful bonding and debonding do not result in a significant increase of enamel cracks; (2) whenever pronounced vertical cracks occur on other teeth than maxillary central incisors and canines or many horizontal cracks are observed, the bonding/debonding technique should be re-evaluated; (3) it seems advisable to notify parents/patients of marked cracks before orthodontic treatment is started, in order to avoid problems later when it is difficult or impossible to document their pretreatment existence. PMID- 6987878 TI - Control of the transverse dimension with surgery and orthodontics. AB - Control of the transverse dimension through surgical techniques now available for use by the orthodontist is a valuable treatment consideration for orthodontic therapy in the nongrowing patient. In this article, proper diagnosis of relative and absolute transverse maxillary deficiency or excess is stressed as being imperative prior to completion of definitive orthodontic and/or surgical treatment planning. Therapeutic alternatives designed to facilitate correction of transverse discrepancies concomitant with treatment objectives in the sagittal and vertical dimensions are discussed and illustrated with case reports. PMID- 6987876 TI - An outpatient approach to female sterilization with methylcyanoacrylate. AB - MCA is a tissue adhesive which can be delivered transcervically to the Fallopian tubes by means of the FEMCEPT device. In the patients treated with this system, both prior to hysterectomy and on an ambulatory basis, there have been no significant complications or side effects. In the most recent series of ambulatory patients treated with the REMCEPT-MCA system, the bilateral tubal closure rate was 78%. PMID- 6987880 TI - Expansion and fenestration or dehiscence. PMID- 6987881 TI - John Hain Parker (1913-1979). PMID- 6987883 TI - Leo Michael Shanley (1898-1979). PMID- 6987882 TI - Marvin A. Gould (1897-1979). PMID- 6987884 TI - Reuben Lloyd Blake (1893-1979). PMID- 6987885 TI - Rudolf P. Hotz (1905-1979). PMID- 6987886 TI - Willis J. McCormick (1921-1979). PMID- 6987887 TI - Arthur Cranston Totten (1899-1979). PMID- 6987888 TI - Our Golden Age of Orthodontics revisited. PMID- 6987889 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of type B collagen: a component of basement membrane in human liver. AB - An indirect immunofluorescent method for localizing specific types of collagen was applied to unfixed cryostat sections of autopsy and biopsy specimens of normal and fibrotic human livers. Monospecific antibodies to Types I, III, and B collagens were raised in goats by injecting collagens extracted from normal and fibrotic human livers. The antibody against B collagen stained the delicate sinusoidal meshwork within the lobule that closely paralleled in distribution the staining of reticulin fibers as seen in classical silver preparations. Antibody to Type III collagen stained at the sinusoidal aspect of the hepatocytes in a pattern similar to anti-B antibody. All three antibodies tested strongly stained the portal tracts and the fibrotic bands in specimens with cirrhosis. These observations indicate that reticulin fibers within the liver lobule contain both Type III and Type B collagen. PMID- 6987891 TI - Hiroshima, Nagasaki and the RERF. PMID- 6987892 TI - Milton F. Shore, Ph.D., President, American Orthopsychiatric Association. PMID- 6987890 TI - The binding of rabbit basophil-derived platelet-activating factor to rabbit platelets. AB - The platelet binding characteristics of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a basophil-derived lipid that causes aggregation and secretion in rabbit platelets, were studied. In an assay in which binding was quantitated by loss of PAF activity, suspensions of washed rabbit platelets rapidly removed PAF from solution. Rabbit erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils also bound PAF, but their binding capacity was less than that of the platelets. PAF binding to rabbit platelets was saturable and dependent on temperature and concentration of PAF and platelets but not on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Initial rates of PAF binding and platelet secretion were identical, although temperature dependence studies suggested that binding was not the rate-controlling step in PAF-induced platelet secretion. Analysis of binding kinetics suggested that a PAF concentrations saturable for platelet secretion, only some of the available platelet binding sites were occupied. PMID- 6987893 TI - Insulin kinetics and insulin binding to adipocytes in physically trained and food restricted rats. PMID- 6987894 TI - Importance of glucagon in regulatory rather than emergency responses to hypoglycemia. PMID- 6987895 TI - Effect of angiotensin II and sodium depletion on angiotensinogen production. AB - An in vitro preparation of liver slices was used to study the effect of angiotensin II and sodium depletion on the synthesis of angiotensinogen in rats. Two other treatments known to increase plasma angiotensinogen concentration in vivo, viz., intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone or ethinyl estradiol, resulted in an increase in the rate of release of angiotensinogen by liver slices; this increase was inhibited by adding actinomycin D or vincristine to the incubation medium. Intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (33 ng/min for 3 days) also produced a marked increase in the release of angiotensinogen concentration and a decrease in plasma renin activity. In contrast, no change in the rate of release of angiotensinogen was observed in rats depleted of sodium for 7--14 days, even though these animals exhibited a marked increase in plasma angiotensin II concentration. Plasma angiotensinogen concentration decreased by 30%, presumably as a consequence of the accompanying increase in renin secretion. These results provide further evidence that the synthesis of angiotensinogen may be increased by angiotensin II, but indicate that the circulating level of angiotensin II in sodium-deficient animals is not sufficiently high to produce this response. PMID- 6987896 TI - Intracellular glucose concentration in small and large rat adipose cells. AB - Intracellular free glucose concentrations have been estimated in small and large isolated epididymal adipose cells prepared from young lean and older obese rats using glucose-induced steady-state tracer 3-O-methylglucose countertransport. Steady-state 3-O-methylglucose uptake was measured in the presence of 2--50 mM glucose or sucrose in the absence or presence of 100 microU insulin/ml. The ratio of the uptake of 3-O-methylglucose in the presence of glucose to that in the presence of sucrose at each sugar concentration was then utilized to estimate the corresponding intracellular glucose concentration. At all three extracellular glucose concentrations tested in the absence of insulin, intracellular concentrations of glucose are greater in the large cells than in the small cells. In the presence of 2 mM glucose and insulin, on the other hand, intracellular glucose concentrations of 2 mM are attained, regardless of cell size. These results suggest that transport may not be the rate-limiting step for glucose metabolism at physiologic glucose concentrations either in the enlarged adipose cell in the absence or presence of insulin or in the small adipose cell in the presence of maximally stimulating concentrations of insulin. PMID- 6987897 TI - Secretory effects of gastrins on isolated perfused porcine pancreas. AB - The effects of the four main forms of gastrin (component I, gastrin-34, gastrin 17, and gastrin-14) on insulin, glucagon, and exocrine secretion were measured on the isolated perfused porcine pancreas. All gastrins were studied in concentrations ranging from 10(-11) to 10(-8) M. Depending on the glucose concentration in the perfusate, all four gastrins increased insulin or glucagon secretion in a dose-dependent manner in concentrations above 10(-10) M. These concentrations are slightly above the arterial concentrations in normal pig and man, but they correspond to gastrin concentrations measured in patients with achlorhydria and gastrinomas. The exocrine secretion was stimulated by all gastrins in a dose-dependent manner. The lowest concentrations that stimulated flow rate significantly were within the physiologic range, 10(-11) and 10(-10) M. All gastrins induced maximal flow rate at a concentration of 10(-9) M. The sulfated form of gastrin-17 had the greatest efficacy. The results indicate that all gastrins may influence the exocrine secretion under normal conditions and the endocrine secretion in diseases with endogenous hypergastrinemia. PMID- 6987898 TI - Mechanism of effect of hypercapnic acidosis on renin secretion in the dog. PMID- 6987900 TI - Circadian rhythm of intestinal disaccharidases of rats fed with adiurnal periodicity. AB - The circadian rhythm of the activities of maltase and sucrase of the small intestine were examined in rats kept under conditions of continuous lighting with various fixed feeding periodicities for 20 days. When rats were fed once every 24 h, the enzymes showed circadian rhythmic changes with high activities around the feeding time, and the enzyme rhythm persisted even during subsequent starvation. Similar rhythmic changes in the enzyme activities were found in rats fed once every 48 h. When rats were fed once every 32 h, the enzymes showed rhythmic changes with a period of 32 h, but the activities were lowest during the feeding time. The enzyme rhythm with a period of 32 h was replaced by a 24-h circadian rhythm as soon as the rats were starved. It was concluded that the circadian rhythmic changes in disaccharidase activities are controlled by an endogenous mechanism, and that some circadian time-keeping system participates in this mechanism. PMID- 6987901 TI - Responses to prostaglandins H2 and I2 of isolated dog cerebral and peripheral arteries. AB - In helical strips of cerebral and peripheral arteries isolated from dogs and contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), PGH2 produced a slight transient contraction followed by a relaxation. The relaxation was greater and persisted longer in mesenteric and renal than in cerebral and coronary arteries. Following tranylcypromine or 15-hydroperoxy arachidonic acid, both PGI2 synthetase inhibitors, the relaxation was reversed to a contraction. The contraction was abolished by polyphloretin phosphate, a prostaglandin antagonist. Concentrations of PGI2Na sufficient to produce the same magnitude of relaxations as those induced by PGH2 were greater in mesenteric arteries. PGI2Na or PGI2 methylester caused a dose-related relaxation of the strips contracted with PGF2 alpha or K+, the relaxation being in the order: mesenteric greater than renal greater than coronary greater than cerebral. 6-Keto PGF1 alpha relaxed only mesenteric arteries. It may be concluded that PGH2 is rapidly converted to PGI2 and causes a marked relaxation in dog cerebral and peripheral arteries, the conversion being greater in mesenteric arteries. PGH2, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha all appear to share the same site of excitatory action on arterial smooth muscles. Responses of a variety of isolated dog arteries to vasodilating prostaglandins apparently differ. PMID- 6987899 TI - Physiological evaluation of the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - A critical evaluation of the functional properties of the isolated perfused rat kidney is necessary to assess the usefulness of the preparation for renal function studies. Clearance and micropuncture experiments in isolated perfused rat kidneys perfused with a plasmalike medium containing 7.5 g/100 ml albumin, glucose, and amino acids show that proximal convoluted tubule functions are well preserved. Proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption of organic substances, electrolytes, and fluid is near normal, the latter being directly related to the peritubular oncotic pressure. Superficial single nephron glomular filtration rate and glomerular permselectivity are also preserved. However, abnormalities in renal hemodynamics, urinary concentration-dilution, and excretion of fluid and electrolytes persist even in the best preparations. High renal perfusate flow, due mainly to the low viscosity of the perfusate, and altered distal nephron functions explain at least in part these abnormalities. Therefore, the isolated perfused rat kidney is a useful preparation to particularly study glomerular and proximal convoluted tubule functions. Recent development of a nonfiltering isolated perfused rat kidney model, with preserved renal perfusate flow and cellular integrity, also permits the study of transport and metabolic functions of proximal tubular cells independently of luminal events. PMID- 6987902 TI - Cytoprotective actions of prostacyclin during hypoxia in the isolated perfused cat liver. AB - The cytoprotective effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) was examined using hypoxic cat livers perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at constant flow. PGI2 infusion (10 ng . g-1 . min-1) showed no direct vasodilator effect on the hepatic circulation under conditions of normoxia or hypoxia, as studied by changes in perfusion pressure. Hypoxia induced a marked decline in hepatic oxygen consumption, an increase in perfusion pressure, and in perfusate cathepsin D and LDH activity in the hepatic effluent indicating lysosomal and cytoplasmic leakage. Tissue samples, obtained 150 min after hypoxic perfusion, showed higher percent-free cathepsin values (82 +/- 4%, mean +/- SE, 7 livers, P less than 0.025) compared to that of normoxia (58 +/- 4). Phagocytic activity, measured by the clearance rate of colloidal carbon particles, was also depressed by hypoxia. PGI2 infusion significantly inhibited the posthypoxia leakage of liver cathepsin D and LDH into the recirculating perfusate, restored the percent-free cathepsin D to 64 +/- 3%, and preserved the phagocytic activity during hypoxia, indicating preservation of lysosomal and cytoplasmic membrane integrity and Kupffer cell phagocytic function. The preservation of lysosomal integrity by PGI2 was further confirmed by electron microscopy. It is evident that PGI2 has a significant protective effect in hypoxic hepatocytes that may not be related to its vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation. PMID- 6987904 TI - Recent trends in psychotherapy. AB - The author briefly reviews and tentatively categorizes a number of psychotherapeutic techniques that have emerged in recent decades, particularly those which fall under the rubic of the human potential movement. He asks and endeavors to answer four major questions with regard to these therapies: 1) What is the meaning of their rise and popularity? 2) Do they help and, if so, how? 3) Do they present any dangers? 4) What relevance and meaning do they have for more conventional psychotherapists? He also briefly discusses some of the cognitive therapies and the common demoninators in all psychotherapies. The author closes with a plea for a flexible approach to psychotherapy. PMID- 6987903 TI - Preservation of left ventricular function by insulin in experimental catecholamine cardiomyopathy. AB - We have shown previously that insulin reduces myocardial injury associated with norepinephrine (NE) infusion in the rabbit (Am. J. Pathol. 93:399--353, 1978). In the present study, left ventricular function (LVF) was assessed from afterload curves obtained by progressive aortic constriction 2--4 days following NE infusion. The initial slope of the function curves (SFC), maximum dP/dt and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure at 120 mmHg ((LVEDP120) were used for comparison. In 4 controls, SFC averaged 23.8 mmHg/cmH2O. In 10 rabbits given NE, the mean slope was 8.4 (P less than 0.01). However, animals pretreated with insulin before being given NE did not differ from controls (SFC, 19.7 mmHg/cmH2O). These performance data were supported by measurements of LVEDP120, which were 2.8, 12.3 and 3.1 cmH2O, respectively (P less than 0.05 and less than 0.02). In spite of the higher LVEDP, max dP/dt120 was significantly lower in the NE group than in the group given insulin. Histological findings and postmortem measurements of LV volume and mass were consistent with the observed differences in LVF. It is concluded that NE damage reduces LVF and this is largely prevented by pretreatment with insulin. PMID- 6987905 TI - Adolf Meyer and American psychiatry today. AB - After his death in 1950 Adolf Meyer, the "Dean of American Psychiatry," was forgotten by most in the field. As a result, his role in determining the course of psychiatry's current identity crisis remains largely unexplored. Meyer was responsible for enlarging the domain of psychiatry to include involvement in the mental health movement. He fostered a disenchantment with psychiatric diagnosis and with the current ideological pluralism. The authors suggests that there is much in Meyer's thought and work that can be applied to help resolve psychiatry's current crisis. PMID- 6987906 TI - Kenneth Ellmaker Appel 1896-1979. PMID- 6987907 TI - Identifying "hispanic" populations: the influence of research methodology upon public policy. PMID- 6987908 TI - Psychiatric diagnoses as reported to Medicaid and as recorded in patient charts. AB - This study was undertaken to address the issue of data reporting in the psychiatric sector of New York City Medicaid, the largest publicly financed psychiatric health care delivery system in the nation. Six outpatient psychiatric clinics in general hospitals, four with residency programs, and all 29 free standing psychiatric clinics in New York City were audited as were charts from 120 psychiatrists billing for 10 or more Medicaid patients. Overall agreement of chart and Medicaid diagnoses was 91% for psychiatrists, 79% for free-standing clinics, and 77% for hospital clinics. Agreement varied by diagnosis. Bias in the Medicaid diagnosis of Neurosis was found at the four hospitals having residency programs. Patients most likely to be misreported as having minimizing diagnoses were male, or between the ages of 18 and 29 years, or to have a prior history of psychiatric treatment. The errors in reporting in each provider sector would pose a methodological obstacle if Medicaid data were used in epidemiological research. PMID- 6987909 TI - Mayhew Derryberry, PhD 1901-1979. PMID- 6987910 TI - Section 227 and the teaching hospital. PMID- 6987911 TI - A simple method of pancreatic transplantation in the dog. AB - Canine pancreatic organ transplantation can be performed without resection of adjacent structures or transection of major blood vessels. The graft consists of the entire gland except the distal tail and is based on the superior pancreaticoduodenal vessels. Devascularization of the duodenal loop does not result in ischemic necrosis. The duct-ligated graft is placed in the groin. PMID- 6987912 TI - Use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgical procedures: peer review guidelines as a method for quality assurance. AB - Concomitant with the development of guidelines for the use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgery, the Veterans Administration undertook a survey of its surgical chiefs in which the likelihood of peer review guidelines being an effective method of quality assurance was assessed. The scope of the present problem was also assessed in terms of the misuse of antimicrobial agents in surgical units. The implications of this study for quality assurance are:(1) Chiefs of surgery can be influenced by peer review guidelines, but other sources can also have impact. (2) The control practices used by chiefs to influence their staffs are limited. (3) The mechanisms used by chiefs to monitor adherence to their policies are mostly informal. The implications of this study in relation to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis are: (1) The practices of surgical chiefs differ significantly from peer review guidelines. (2) The problem is far more serious for certain surgical procedures than for others. (3) Most misuse errors are errors of commission rather than omission. PMID- 6987913 TI - Healing of experimental colonic anastomoses. IV. Effect of suture technique on collagen metabolism in the colonic wall. PMID- 6987914 TI - Missile injuries. AB - Missile injuries represent a timely topic of continuing concern in civilian practice as well as on the battlefield. Unfortunately, many surgeons do not possess an adequate knowledge of the wounding power of missiles. This presentation stresses the need for a more thorough knowledge and appreciation of wound ballistics. PMID- 6987915 TI - Liquid scintillation counting of aqueous suspensions of microbiological specimens in a Triton X-100/toluene scintillant. PMID- 6987916 TI - Determination of pancreatic islet mass by measurement of native protein fluorescence. PMID- 6987917 TI - Respiratory and cardiovascular functions in scoliosis and the principles of anesthetic management. PMID- 6987918 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation suppresses the increase of shunting caused by dopamine infusion. PMID- 6987919 TI - Succinylcholine infusion may cause asystole. PMID- 6987920 TI - Heroin addiction: acute presentation of medical complications. PMID- 6987921 TI - Estrus, ovulation, and serum hormones in mares given prostaglandin F2 alpha, estradiol, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AB - A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected in mares given prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) to induce luteolysis in an attempt to sunchronize ovulation. Pretreatment with estradiol-17 beta (E2-17 beta) was used to determine whether or not estradiol would enhance the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) after treatment with GnRH. Twelve mares were used in a balanced Latin square crossover design. Mares were injected with PGF2 alpha, treatment A; PGF2 alpha mgnRH, treatment B; or PGF2 alpha me2-17 beta mgnRH, treatment C. The interval +/ SEM from PGF2 alpha injection to estrus was 3.3 +/- 0.2, 3.2 +/- 0.3, and 2.3 +/ 0.1 days for treatments A, B, and C, respectively. The mean interval in days from injection to first ovulation averaged 1 day less (P less than 0.10) for treatments B (6.7 +/- 0.6) and C (6.2 +/- 0.3) than for treatment A (7.6 +/- 0.7). The furation of estrus and the interval from ovulation to end of estrus were similar among the three treatment groups. Mares treated with GnRH (treatments B and C) had a significant (P less than 0.01) two- to threefold increase in LH concentrations when compared with controls. Pretreatment with estradiol-17 beta did not appear to enhance LH release after GnRH was given, and the time of ovulation was not significantly changed by GnRH treatment. PMID- 6987922 TI - Antibiotic resistance and genetic properties of R plasmids in Salmonella isolates of swine origin in Japan. AB - A total of 84 Salmonella isolates of ten serovars from swine in Japan were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and detection of R plasmids. Of these, 58 (69.0%) were resistant to one or more antibiotic(s) such as tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfadimethoxine, and chloramphenicol; and 38 (65.5%) of the 58 resistance isolates (mainly Salmonella typhimurium isolates) had conjugative R plasmids. Among the 38 conjugative R plasmids, 36 thermosensitive R plasmids carrying tetracycline resistance were Fi- (no fertility inhibition) and belonged to incompatibility group Hl, whereas the R plasmids carrying streptomycin and sulfadimethoxine resistances coexisted in the same host, were Fi+, and were also compatible with the reference R plasmids tested. The epidemiologic significance of R plasmids derived from Salmonella isolates from swine is discussed. PMID- 6987923 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. AB - Legionnaires' disease was diagnosed in 32 patients with nosocomially acquired pneumonia by using direct immunofluorescence examination of respiratory tract secretions, indirect immunofluorescence determinations of antibody titer, and/or culture of Legionella pneumophila from respiratory tract secretions. Cultures of specimens for Legionella pneumophila were positive for 13 of 21 patients for whom appropriate specimens were submitted. Using a positive culture as a definition of Legionnaires' disease, the sensitivity of direct immunofluorescence examination was 62%; that of indirect immunofluorescence serologic studies, 75%. Using any positive test as a definition of Legionnaires' disease, the sensitivity of direct immunofluorescence examination of respiratory tract secretions was 50%, that of indirect immunofluorescence serologic studies (using all 4 serogroups), 80%; that of culture, 65%. A negative control group of 21 patients without Legionnaires' disease was used to estimate the specificity of the tests. The specificity of direct immunofluorescence examination was 94%; that of indirect immunofluorescence serologic studies, 75%. Culture of specimens was necessary to diagnose some cases of Legionnaires' disease because the other 2 tests were negative. All 3 tests should be performed for optimal sensitivity and specificity. PMID- 6987925 TI - Metastatic pulmonary calcification in the renal transplant recipient. AB - An asymptomatic immunosuppressed renal transplant patient presented with diffuse alveolar infiltrates on a routine chest roentgenogram. An open lung biopsy revealed changes compatible with metastatic pulmonary calcification. The etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic approach to this rare disorder are discussed. PMID- 6987926 TI - Presidential address: Dr. Ephraim McDowell: father of abdominal surgery. PMID- 6987924 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity. PMID- 6987927 TI - New approaches for immunosuppression. AB - New approaches for experimental immunosuppression have been reviewed. These include the following: 1) cyclosporin A, a metabolite from fungus that suppresses multiplying but not resting T and B lymphocytes and can be used in pulsed manner with interspersed drug-free periods; 2) total lymphoid irradiation (transplantation tolerance in rats has been achieved by pretransplant radiation); 3) thoracic duct drainage, which is being revived following its demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of some autoimmune disease; 4) hyperbaric oxygen (HBOX). We have found that HBOX 2 1/2 ATA for five hours daily depresses cell mediated immunity in mice and that this can be reversed by intravenous administration of autologous macrophages. PMID- 6987929 TI - Influenza vaccination in kidney transplant recipients: cellular and humoral immune responses. AB - Influenza infection in renal transplant recipients may cause either morbidity and mortality or acute allograft rejection; thus, routine annual influenza vaccination should be considered. We have studied the humoral and cellular immune responses to influenza virus antigens before and after trivalent vaccine administration in 13 patients and 16 control subjects. The patients, nine of whom were either on alternate-day or low-dose daily steroid therapy, showed highly significant serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses to each influenza virus strain, There was no significant change in mean lymphocyte stimulation index to any influenza virus strain after vaccination in either group. There was no correlation in the patient group between hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer or response, or lymphocyte stimulation index or response, and the degree of allograft function or dose or duration of immunosuppressive therapy. The vigorous antibody response and the evidence of cellular immunity support the efficacy of influenza vaccination in these patients. PMID- 6987928 TI - The use of ultrasonography and renal scanning in renal transplant patients. PMID- 6987930 TI - TATLOCK bacterium (Pittsburgh pneumonia agent) presumptively identified in five cases of pneumonia. PMID- 6987931 TI - Disorders of phagocyte chemotaxis. AB - Recent advances in understanding the physiologic and biochemical bases for recruitment of phagocytes to inflammatory sites has led to the recognition of patients who have recurrent infections because of abnormalities of phagocyte chemotaxis. In some of these patients there is abnormal chemoattractant mediator production or regulation, whereas in others there are defects in phagocytic cell function. The cellular defects in chemotaxis can be characterized as either intrinsic defects of the cellular motility apparatus or acquired defects from mediators influencing cell function or from shifts in circulating phagocyte subpopulations. Systematic study of these defects has resulted in functional, biochemical, and ultrastructural characterization of abnormal phagocyte chemotaxis in certain patients, and in some patients study has led to rational approaches for treatment. Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of such pharmacologic agents are underway. PMID- 6987932 TI - Post-transfusion hepatitis: current perspectives. AB - Viral hepatitis is still the most serious post-transfusion complication. Despite the routine screening of donor blood for the hepatitis type B surface antigen in the United States, post-transfusion hepatitis develops in approximately 7% of blood recipients. Type B hepatitis accounts for only 10% to 15% of cases; non-A, non-B hepatitis constitutes the remainder. Non-A, non-B hepatitis is usually asymptomatic and anicteric but often runs a prolonged course manifested by persistent or intermittent elevations of alanine aminotransferase levels. The risk of developing non-A, non-B hepatitis is increased considerably when blood from paid rather than volunteer donors is transfused. Although there are currently no definitive preventive measures that can be used to reduce the attack rate, the possibility of developing a serologic test fot the non-A, non-B agent is under active investigation. PMID- 6987934 TI - Pneumococcal infection in bone marrow transplant recipients. PMID- 6987933 TI - Armand J. Quick: pioneer and prophet of coagulation research. AB - During a professional career spanning more that 50 years, the American physician, biochemist, and teacher Armand J. Quick made numerous important contributions to medicine, particularly in the field of hemostasis. His hippuric acid test (1933) was the first quantitative test of liver function. In 1935 he reported the technique most closely associated with his name, the prothrombin time test, which was used by other investigators in the isolation of vitamin K and the identification of the coumarin anticoagulants. Later the test came into wide use for the control of anticoagulant therapy. Quick studied hereditary bleeding disorders and devised tests for their identification. He also uncovered several basic principles of normal hemostasis. He was among the first to draw attention to the anticoagulant properties of aspirin, and at the end of his career postulated the existence of a vitamin besides C and K that is essential for hemostasis. PMID- 6987935 TI - [Automatic synchronization of growth of "Escherichia coli" (author's transl)]. AB - Growth of bacteria in a fermentor is limited by an essential nutrient here inorganic phosphate. After starvation, the culture is diluted by an automatic device in such a way that the limiting nutrient concentration allows exactly one doubling. After 10 to 16 automatic cycles, which can be achieved overnight, synchronous bacterial cycles can be observed to occur spontaneously in non limiting culture conditions, i.e. open systems. The operating procedures of the prototype are outlined. This "Automatic Synchronizer" has a capacity of about 0.1 g dry bacterial weight per cycle. Synchrony and homogeneity index are suggested, and applied to concrete examples of synchronous growth in closed and open systems. The maintenance of good synchrony in an open system throughout 6 cell cycles allows one to consider microbial growth and metabolism in a culture as reflecting the time schedule of the individual cell instead of being related to the statistical mean of a random cell population. The contradiction between the generation time variability observed under the microscope for individual clones and the amazing maintenance of good synchrony in our culture, is also discussed. PMID- 6987936 TI - [Screening for cellulolytic bacteria with the cellulose-azure test (author's transl)]. AB - As the classical methods involving the clearing of opaque cellulose-agar media are not satisfying, a simple method utilizing cellulose-azure as a substrate has been adapted to detect cellulolytic activity of bacteria. This precise method may be combined with a primary growth on carboxymethyl-cellulose-agar to screen for cellulase-producing strains. PMID- 6987938 TI - Wound infection: a controlled clinical and experimental demonstration of synergy between aerobic (Escherichia coli) and anaerobic (Bacteroides fragilis) bacteria. AB - Pathogenic synergy between Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis was suggested by clinical trials and proved to exist in an experimental guinea-pig wound model. This finding is thought to have important theoretical and practical therapeutic implications. PMID- 6987937 TI - Conservative management of breast cancer: a review of British controlled trials. PMID- 6987939 TI - Wood Jones Medal Lecture, 1978. A constellation of Conservators. PMID- 6987941 TI - Different letters from the past. I) Jonathan Swift to John Arbuthnot. PMID- 6987940 TI - Lister Oration, 1979. Science and service. PMID- 6987942 TI - John Hunter's treatment of gunshot wounds. PMID- 6987943 TI - In Memoriam. Sir Cecil Wakeley Bt KBE CB PPRCS. Founder and first Editor of the Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. PMID- 6987944 TI - Recent progress in immunohistology. PMID- 6987945 TI - Pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells in murine postmortem bone marrow. AB - Although 12-hours postmortem murine bone marrow cells exhibit extensive degeneration, these cells when infused into irradiated mice produce erythrocytic, granulocytic, megakarocytic and mixed colonies in their spleen. These observations clearly demonstrate the presence of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells and their proliferative capability in 12-hours postmortem, murine bone marrow. These observations suggest that cadaveric bone marrow transplantation may be possible in patients with hematologic disorders. PMID- 6987947 TI - Treatment of Reye syndrome. AB - Although the underlying cause of Reye syndrome is not understood, an effective approach to treatment is based on reversing the known metabolic and pathological abnormalities. A multifaceted therapeutic approach aimed at correcting metabolic derangements and combating intracranial hypertension can result in complete recovery from severe cases of Reye syndrome. PMID- 6987946 TI - Simultaneous rapid HPLC determination of anticonvulsant drugs in plasma and correlation with EMIT. AB - A method is presented for measuring simultaneously five anti-convulsants (primidone, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin) in serum and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using alphenal (5 - allyl - 5 - phenyl - barbituric acid) as the internal standard. All five drugs are separated from each other and, in the case of primidone, from its metabolie, 2 - phenyl - 2 - ethyl - malondiamide. Total HPLC time for the separation is seven minutes. The chromatography is performed on a C-8 reverse phase column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (35/65) at 25 degrees C. The eluted drugs are detected at 220 nm and quantitated from their peak heights relative to that of the internal standard. The lower limits of detection for each drug is 200 ng per ml for primidone, 1000 ng per ml for ethosuximide, 200 ng per ml for phenobarbital, 100 ng per ml for carbamazepine and 200 ng per ml for diphenylhydantoin. Analytical recoveries for the five drugs ranged from 97 to 107 percent. Correlation of results for 187 specimens by enzyme-immunoassay (emit) was 0.981 for primidone, 0.827 for ethosuximide, 0.975 for phenobarbital, 0.889 for carbamazepine and 0.990 for diphenylhydantoin. In the HPLC assay, ethotoin was found to interfere with phenobarbital and phensuximide with carbamazepine. PMID- 6987948 TI - [Comparative activity of depot sulfanilamides in experimental infection in mice caused by K1. pneumoniae]. AB - The chemotherapeutic activity of 6 sulfanilamide depots, i.e. sulfalene, sulfamonomethoxin, sulfadimethoxin, bayrena, pallidin and sulfapyridazin was studied on 890 albino mice inoculated intranasally or intraperitoneally with 51. pneumoniae, strain 444. Sulfadimesin and domian, 2 sulfanilamides of short action served as the control. The drugs were administered orally in a dose of 500 mg/kg daily for 5 days. High efficacy of the sulfanilamide depots in the treatment of the 51. pneumoniae infected mice and low activity of the short-action drugs were shown, which was confirmed by the data of the pathomorphological investigation in experimental pneumonia. Sulfalene and sulfamonomethoxin proved to be the most active. Differences in the activity of the sulfanilamide depots depending on the experimental model were found. It is recommended that the combined effect of sulfanilamide depots and antibiotics be studied on infections caused by 51. pneumoniae. PMID- 6987949 TI - [Nucleotide specificity of sibiromycin interaction with DNA]. AB - Sibiromycin binds selectively to poly(dG).poly (dC) and poly(dG--dC).poly (dG- dC) and does not interact with poly(dA--dT).poly(dA--DT), poly (dI).poly (dC) and poly(dI--dC).poly(dI-dC) as is evident from the changes in the UV spectrum of the antibiotic at 310 mn, differential CD spectrum and inhibition of the template activity of polynucleotides in the DNA-dependant RNA-polymerase system. Sibiromycin efficiently interacts with GC-rich DNA specifically methylated at N-7 of guanine and glucosilated DNA of T2 phage. Therefore, specific interaction of sibiromycin with the guanine sites may take place rather in the narrow groove than in the large groove of the double helix. PMID- 6987951 TI - What is liability of OR staff in cardiac arrest? PMID- 6987950 TI - [Gentamycin sulfate in the therapy of acute and chronic pneumonias]. AB - Clinical efficacy of gentamicin in treatment of acute and chronic pneumonia was shown. The wide antibacterial spectrum of the antibiotic provided its use in therapy of mixed bacterial infections. Satisfactory results were observed in 47 (93.7 per cent) out of 51 patients. The adverse reactions, such as proteinuria, hematuria, and polymorphous eruption were recorded in 5 patients and vanished after discontinuation of the drug. On the basis of the experience acquired the drug may be recommended for use in pulmonology. PMID- 6987952 TI - Second rabies death attributed to graft [ news]. PMID- 6987953 TI - Presence of one essential arginine that specifically binds the 2'-phosphate of NADPH on each of the ketoacyl reductase and enoyl reductase active sites of fatty acid synthetase. PMID- 6987954 TI - Multifunctionality of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Studies of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 6987955 TI - Stoichiometry of homopolynucleotide binding to Escherichia coli translational initiation factor 3. PMID- 6987957 TI - [Cystoscopy (1879-1979) (centennial of a transcendental invention)]. AB - The authors make a historical review of the successive stages in Man's attempt to be able to observe directly the inside of the cavities of the human body and more precisely of the bladder, which from the start long ago, led to the apparatuses invented during the first half of the 19th Century (Bozzini, Segalas, Bonbalgini, Fisher, Avery, Desormeaux, Hacken, Cruise, Grunfeld, Luys, etc.) until the 9th March 1879 when Maximilian Nitze presented in the Vienna Medical Society and published in the journal Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift his brilliant invention of the apparatus which completely changed the knowledge of vesical pathology: the cystoscope. Reference is made to the successive alternations that the primitive cystoscope invented by Nitze has undergone before arriving at the present-day cystoscopes of such great precision and usefulness in hospitals. Reference is also made to another series of creations designed by Nitze, such as a cystoscope for ureteral catheterism (which, however, was of no practical use and it was not until Albarran's creation that the catheterism of the ureters could be achieved), an operating cystoscope, a ureteral probe with a dilating ball to enable stones to be expelled from the ureter, a "camera" for endoscopic photography, etc. PMID- 6987956 TI - Effect of ethinyl estradiol on renin activity and on the concentrations of renin substrate and aldosterone in plasma of ovariectomized women. AB - The effect of high doses of ethinyl estradiol (0.4 mg/day) on renin substrate concentration, renin activity and aldosterone concentration in plasma was studied in eight ovariectomized women. Plasma renin substrate (angiotensinogen) increased already within 24--48 h, reaching a maximum on the third to fifth day after starting estrogen treatment. Thereafter, renin substrate concentration remained relatively constant in a range which was fourfold above the baseline levels. The increase of plasma renin activity was less pronounced and showed considerable between-patient variability; this increase was statistically significant only after 48 hours of estrogen intake. A rise in plasma aldosterone concentration was observed in two of four subjects examined. In one patient treated with 5 mg estradiol benzoate intramuscularly, plasma renin activity increased without any measurable change in renin substrate concentration. Only in one subject treated with ethinyl estradiol did plasma renin activity increase before plasma renin substrate concentration; the results presented do not preclude factors other than the stimulation of renin substrate synthesis in the liver from contributing to the activation of the renin-aldosterone axis during treatment with ethinyl estradiol. PMID- 6987958 TI - A nonpancreatic source of the proteolytic-enzyme amidase and bacteriology in experimental acute pancreatitis. AB - In previous studies of human and experimental acute pancreatitis, three main assumptions have been made. First, that the disease is due to activation of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes in the pancreas with resulting "autodigestion" of the gland. Second, that interstitial pancreatitis is a mild form of hemorrhagic pancreatitis into which it may progress, and third, that bacteria play little part, if any, in the initiation of the disease. These assumptions are now questioned. In the present study in dogs, levels of proteolytic enzymes in blood, thoracicduct lymph and peritoneal fluid were measured using benzoylarginine amide. Raised levels of amidase were found in hemorrhagic, but not with interstitial, pancreatitis, and biochemical examination of amidase suggested it was not a pancreatic protease, but with its broad specificity and stability derived from bacteria. Addition of antibiotic to the blind duodenal loop in hemorrhagic pancreatitis reduced the level of blood amidase, but Trasylol given intravenously did not, nor did it inhibit amidase in vitro. In all animals, histological examination was made of the pancreas at time of death. On bacteriology, it is concluded that experimental interstitial pancreatitis results from damage to the pancreatic duct system without infection, and haemorrhagic pancreatitis mainly from reflux of bacteria into the pancreatic ducts from the duodenum. Only bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium welchii that produce proteolytic enzymes and cytotoxins appear to be able to cause haemorrhagic pancreatitis, and these bacteria may explain the release of vasoactive polypeptides and the vascular effects. In hemorrhagic pancreatitis such bacteria were found in the pancreas, but none in interstitial pancreatitis. Evidence is given to suggest that pancreatic proteolytic enzymes are unlikely to cause the cell necrosis which is a pathological feature of hemorrhagic pancreatitis, and that "autodigestion" is likewise unlikely to be a cause of this condition. An extrapancreatic source of proteolytic enzymes from bacteria is now suggested in haemorrhagic pancreatitis, and more attention to bacteriology in human acute pancreatitis is urgently needed. Amidase levels were highest in peritoneal fluid, suggesting a rationale for peritoneal lavage in the treatment of acute pancreatitis, and it is unlikely that Trasylol can give any benefit. The assessment of treatment of acute pancreatitis will be unsatisfactory as long as the proportion of haemorrhagic to interstitial pancreatitis in any series is not known accurately. PMID- 6987959 TI - An appraisal of radical pancreatoduodenectomy based on glucagon secretion. AB - In an attempt to elucidate changes in endocrine functions of the pancreas associated with radical pancreatectomy for periampullary cancer, plasma levels of insulin (IRI) and pancreatic glucagon (IRG) were measured during arginine infusion in ten patients with periampullary cancer both before and after pancreatoduodenectomy. The response of plasma IRI to arginine which was impaired before the surgery showed further impairment after the surgery. This finding is consistent with the previous results obtained in such patients by oral glucose tolerance testing. Also, the response of plasma IRG was subnormal preoperatively and was found to be impaired postoperatively. Both maximum and integrated secretion of IRG during arginine infusion decreased after the surgery in all instances. From these findings, it is concluded that pancreatoduodenectomy aggravates the already disordered pancreatic endocrine functions, as indicated by arginine infusion in patients with periampullary cancer. PMID- 6987960 TI - Insulin and glucose kinetics following surgery. PMID- 6987961 TI - Lung transplantation: better survival results after graft pretreatment with concanavalin A or chondroitin sulfate. AB - Pretreatment of the lung graft with concanavalin A (Con A) or chondroitin sulfate (CIS) was used to modify the lung allograft response after transplantation into moderately immunosuppressed (low doses of azathioprine and prednisone) recipients. Significant (p less than 0.05) prolongation of survival was observed after graft pretreatment. Pneumonia and rejection were the most frequent causes of death for all groups of dogs. However, only 3 out of 6 animals from each of the groups with pretreated grafts died of pneumonia or rejection, whereas 5 of the 6 animals in the control group died of these causes. Furthermore, when rejection occurred in the dogs with lung grafts pretreated with Con A or CIS, it was considerably delayed compared with the controls. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen, chest roentgenograms, and lung histology were good indicators of lung viability after transplantation. PMID- 6987963 TI - Preoperative diagnosis and management of infants with critical congenital heart disease. AB - Operative repair with an associated low morbidity and mortality is available now for most infants with congenital cardiac defects. Precise preoperative diagnosis is an essential part of continuing attempts to lower the operative risk for these patients. In this review we cover major areas of concern in regard to preoperative diagnosis and management. Long-term follow-up studies with clinical, hemodynamic, electrophysiological, and exercise data are required to assess current diagnostic and therapeutic practices. PMID- 6987962 TI - The Belsey Mark V procedure. AB - A potential weak link in the Belsey Mark IV partial fundoplication operation is the placement of the plicating mattress sutures in the esophageal muscle. During or after repair, if these sutures are tied too tightly, if the esophagus is pulled taut beneath the diaphragm, or if the diaphragm moves forcibly, the sutures can pull out. This causes partial or complete disruption of the repair. The use of Teflon felt pledgets with the mattress sutures is described (Mark V procedure). This modification seems to give better purchase of the sutures in the muscle of the esophagus and may help to lower the incidence of recurrence. PMID- 6987964 TI - The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, 1980-1: Officers and new members. PMID- 6987965 TI - Repair of complete atrioventricular canal associated with tetralogy of Fallot or double-outlet right ventricle: report of 10 patients. AB - Ten patients with complete atrioventricular (AV) canal and tetralogy of Fallot or double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) with subaortic ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis underwent complete repair. Associated cardiac anomalies were frequent, and 3 patients had situs ambiguus and 1 had situs inversus. Two (40%) of the 5 patients with comple AV canal and tetralogy of Fallot died in hospital, as did 3 (60%) of the 5 with complete AV canal and DORV. No deaths occurred among the 4 patients in whom repair could be done without using a transannular patch across the pulmonary valve ring or a valved external conduit. Five (62%) of the 8 without major associated malformations survived. Preoperative study must define completely the malformation. The repair, done through the right atrium alone or in combination with a right ventriculotomy, is most easily accomplished with separate patches for the ventricular and atrial components of the septal defect. PMID- 6987967 TI - Antibody activities of serum and uterine fluid samples from rabbits isoimmunized against sperm fractions. AB - Sperm and uterine fluid samples were collected from rabbits that had been isoimmunized systemically and were challenged locally against a sperm extract (soluble fraction of lithium diiodosalicylate extraction) and a sperm-pellet extract (soluble fraction of Nonidet NP.40 treatment of pellet remaining after LIS extraction). Antibody activity against the sperm plasma membrane was found in serum and uterine fluid samples from the sperm-extract immune rabbits, as indicated by an inhibition of sperm attachment to ova in vitro and by indirect immunofluorescent staining on unfixed sperm. A strong acrosome staining was noted with fixed sperm. These samples did not show fluorescent staining of swollen heads of sperm or react with blastocysts. The immune samples from rabbits injected with sperm-pellet extract displayed the opposite reactions. These samples did not react with the plasma membrane of sperm but the IgA antibodies of the uterine fluids caused immunofluorescent staining of the swollen heads of sperm and the blastocyst cell membranes. Uterine fluid from this group of rabbits also inhibited blastocyst development in vitro. Immune samples from rabbits immunized against untreated epididymal sperm gave all the positive reactions. PMID- 6987966 TI - Classics in thoracic surgery: Total pneumonectomy. Rudolf Nissen, M.D. AB - In July, 1931, a 12-year-old girl sustained a crushing injury to the thorax. Tension pneumothorax, which suggested a tear in the left main bronchus, developed. Because of chronic pulmonary suppuration over the next several months, the decision was made to extirpate the left lung. Total pneumonectomy was attempted, but during the operation strong traction on the hilum resulted in temprary asystole. The operation was halted and resumed fourteen days later. The lung was freed and suture ligatures tied around the hilum, central to the bronchial obstruction. Two weeks later the necrotic lung sloughed off. A small bronchial fistula closed spontaneously. The patient lived for several years. Haight and Graham completed successful pneumonectomies in 1933, Traham's procedure being accomplished in one stage. In the 49 years since the first pneumonectomy, little has been added to the technique, save the achievement of superior hemostasis. PMID- 6987968 TI - Fibrinolysis suggested in tumor metastasis. PMID- 6987969 TI - Membranous nephropathy with chronic renal failure. Partial native renal function recovery after unsuccessful renal transplant. PMID- 6987970 TI - [First successful case of intentional laparotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6987971 TI - [Effect of truncal vagotomy on canine gastric electrical activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6987972 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of calcitonin in Kulchitsky cells of human lung. AB - Because of the persistence of serum and/or urinary calcitonin in patients with thyroidectomies and the presence of high levels of immunoreactive calcitonin in the pulmonary tissue of primates with intact thyroids and primates on whom thyroidectomies were done, an immunocytochemical study was made of the lungs of human neonates. With the use of a specific antibody to calcitonin and the application of immunoperoxidase staining, reactivity was located within the bronchial and bronchiolar Kulchitsky (K) cells. This study, which strongly suggests that these cells have an endocrine role, offers a pathophysiologic rationale for the high calcitonin levels associated with the carcinoid tumor and small cell carcinoma, which may originate from the K cell. In addition, this study may explain why the removal of the thyroid gland is not followed by a profound change in calcium metabolism. PMID- 6987973 TI - Presidential address: What's past is prologue. PMID- 6987974 TI - Acute electric burns. Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to management. AB - A review of 102 cases of high-voltage electric injuries was performed. The average total body surface area was 15.2%. The average age was 32 years. The mortality was 2.1%. Advances in fluid therapy have virtually eliminated renal failure. Devitalized muscle was accurately identified preoperatively with the use of the technetium Tc 99m pyrophosphate muscle scan. Septic complications were reduced substantially by using the following therapeutic modalities: early excision of the burn eschar and necrotic muscle; quantitative wound biopsies to monitor the bacterial flora; allograft as a temporary coverage of open wounds; and early creation of local and distant flaps. Early institution of physical and occupational therapy are mandatory if the patient is to be restored to his or her maximum postinjury potential. PMID- 6987975 TI - [Morphological possibilities of detecting HBc-antigen in liver tissue in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis]. AB - It has been shown that detection of HBc-antigen in the organ tissue requires the use of a complex of the morphologic methods: histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic. Ultrastructurally, the eosinophilic material in hepatocytic nuclei appears as flocks of electron dense granules 27 nm in size and produces intensive fluorescence with antiserum to HBc-antigen, all this pointing to the presence of deep antigen in the organ tissue. The patients with chronic active hepatitis and active liver cirrhosis associated with the presence of HBc antigen in the blood serum demonstrates accumulation of both the surface and deep antigen by hepatocytes. Morphologically, the surface antigen is shown by ground glass-hepatocytes, whereas the deep one by "sand nuclei". PMID- 6987976 TI - [Norphological equivalents of the clinical forms of ischemic heart disease and the principles for formulating its pathologoanatomic diagnosis]. AB - The paper provides the criteria for differentiation between various clinical forms of ischemic heart disease such as sudden death of acute coronary insufficiency, typical and atypical myocardial infarctions, intermediate syndrome, etc., and with guidelines for making morbid anatomic diagnosis of these abnormalities. PMID- 6987977 TI - [Differential diagnosis of endometrial diseases by scrapings based on setting up an algorithm of the histological study]. AB - In order to facilitate the diagnostic analysis of histologic changes in biopsies of endometrial diseases, it is suggested that the use should be made of the first order algorithm developed on the basis of the experience gained so far. This algorithm excludes the oversight of visible changes and predetermines the subsequent activities of an assistant. During differential diagnosis of endometrial diseases the staged synthesis is effected by making up the second order algorithm from the first order algorithmic elements. The suggested diagnostic procedure developed on the basis of algorithmization and probable concepts is time-saving and creats conditions for more successful verification of the pathological process. PMID- 6987978 TI - [X-ray morphological characteristics of the traumatic bone injuries and wounds of the inhabitants of the ancient Baltic region]. AB - Altogether 4492 skeletons of the people who inhabited the Baltic region during various epochs--from the end of the mesolithic period up to the XVIII century A. D. were examined. A total of 30 injuries, 15 wounds, 10 cranial trepanations and 78 bone fractures were revealed. Most of the injuries and wounds showed signs of regeneration, knitting consolidation was quite adequate that is partially accounted for by proficiency of people's doctors. It was established that lances and arrows of ancient inhabitants of the Baltic region were of great penetrative strength. PMID- 6987979 TI - Dissociated vertical deviation. Treatment with the faden operation of Cuuppers. AB - Thirty-four patients (49 eyes) who had dissociated vertical deviation were treated with faden operation of Cuppers. The median follow-up period was 14 months. The operation produced good results in 23 of the patients, some improvement in seven, and did not help four. The posterior fixation suture was placed 14 mm behind the superior rectus muscle insertion and the superior rectus muscle was recessed. PMID- 6987980 TI - A new method for determining corneal endothelial cell density from specular photomicrographs. PMID- 6987982 TI - The Gordon Bell memorial lecture: Cutting for the stone. PMID- 6987981 TI - Safety of modern contraceptive technology. Current status. AB - The introduction of the oral steroid pill and the intrauterine device represents an improved, effective and acceptable means of regulating fertility, but this has been tempered by concern over their safety. Although the Pill frequently is associated with minor side effects, serious complications are rare. The issues of greatest concern are the relationship to carcinogenesis, for which there is no evidence of greater risk in general, and that to the circulatory system diseases, with evidence to indicate an increased risk, albeit relatively small, but more particularly in older women who smoke. The device, although frequently not tolerated because of pain and bleeding, very rarely carries the risk of serious consequences, and its relationship to infection, both in early pregnancy and in the oviduct, is yet to be resolved. The benefits derived from these methods should not go unnoticed, through providing the woman with a freedom from fear of pregnancy previously not possible. PMID- 6987983 TI - The Doctors Allingham: the unheralded father and son who promoted British proctology and influenced American proctology. PMID- 6987984 TI - Preventive medicine aspects and health promotion programs for flight attendants. PMID- 6987985 TI - Mitral valve prolapse--a review. AB - The past decade has seen a notable resurgence of interest in the systolic click murmur syndrome. Previously regarded as extracardiac and benign, it is now clear that these auscultatory findings are central to a disorder characterized by abnormal systolic herniation (prolapse) of the mitral leaflets into the left atrium. Although it may be the result of diverse etiologies, the usual case represents an idiopathic, hereditary disorder of the valve leaflets with pathologic findings similar to those in Marfan's syndrome. The condition is very common and generally benign, and asymptomatic; however, a wide variety of clinical manifestations has been described, with a clinical picture at times indistinguishable from that of coronary artery disease. The small subset of patients at risk for malignant arrhythmias and sudden death has yet to be fully characterized. Although noninvasive techniques generally suffice for the diagnosis of MVP, left ventricular cineangiography is the definitive procedure. It remains for future studies in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients to define the relation between severity of MVP, its clinical manifestations, and its prognosis. PMID- 6987986 TI - The hypoxic tumor cell: a target for selective cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6987987 TI - Ethanol metabolism in Peromyscus genetically deficient in alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 6987989 TI - Collagen types synthesized in dermal fibroblast cultures from patients with early progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Fibroblast cultures were established by explant culture from upper and lower dermis of 7 normal donors and 10 patients with early progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Antibodies against collagens containing the A and B chains, collagens which occur largely in vascular structures, were isolated and used for immunofluorescence studies. Cultures from lower PSS dermis accumulated significantly more of these collagens than fibroblast cultures from upper PSS dermis or cultures from upper or lower dermis of normal skin. These data indicate that the collagens containing the A and B chains in early PSS lesions are produced by cells of vascular origin and support the concept that alterations in vascular tissue play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of PSS. PMID- 6987988 TI - Double-blind placebo controlled crossover evaluation of levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - During levamisole therapy, 14 of 20 patients with previously unresponsive rheumatoid arthritis had significant improvement (P less than 0.05) in clinical measures of disease activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and rheumatoid factor titer in a 32-week double-blind placebo controlled crossover trial. Levamisole was shown to alter antibody responses to tetanus and typhoid antigens, lymphocyte blastogenesis to phytohemagglutinins, and the number of null cells in peripheral blood. Agranulocytosis and rash resulted in discontinuation of the drug in one patient in each group. Though clearly effective, routine use of levamisole as a disease suppressant in rheumatoid arthritis must await more complete clarification of its association with agranulocytosis. PMID- 6987990 TI - Salmonella reactive arthritis in British Columbia. PMID- 6987991 TI - Sternoclavicular joint arthritis. PMID- 6987996 TI - The president. PMID- 6987993 TI - The effect of D-thyroxine on lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins in primary type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - The effect of 3 months' treatment with D-thyroxine on the lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins AI and B was investigated in 12 patients with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. VLDL, LDL and HDL were separated by preparative ultracentrifugation. Both apolipoproteins were measured in serum by electroimmunoassay procedures with monospecific antisera. There was a significant decrease of cholesterol, phospholipids and apolipoprotein B in serum and of all lipids in the LDL class. VLDL and HDL lipids and apolipoprotein AI showed no significant alterations. The atherogenic ratios LDL/HDL lipids and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein AI were lowered with the most pronounced effect on the ratio between the two apoliopoproteins. It is concluded that there is an effective reduction of LDL particles by D-thyroxine. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate whether lipoprotein lipids or apolipoproteins are a better discriminator of the influence on atherosclerotic risk in type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 6987995 TI - Adaptation of resin restorative materials to etched enamel and the interfacial work of fracture. PMID- 6987994 TI - Milk, serum cholesterol, and the Maasai. A hypothesis. AB - The Maasai of East Africa have been found to have low serum concentrations of cholesterol and a low incidence of cardiovascular disease in spite of apparently very high milk intakes. On that basis it has been frequently suggested that milk contains a "hypocholesterolaemic factor". The hypocholesterolaemia of the Maasai had also been attributed to a genetic adaptation. We feel that the milk intakes reported for the Maasai are excessively high and that the low incidence of cardiovascular diseases and low levels of serum cholesterol may be adequately explained by their variable and generally low energy intakes. PMID- 6987992 TI - Correlation and predictive accuracy of circulating immune complexes with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Serial serum samples from 48 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were assayed for C3, anti-DNA antibody, and circulating immune complexes (CIC). CIC were measured by the fluid phase (FClq) and solid phase (SClq) Clq binding assays. Elevations of the SClq results were associated with the presence of manifestations of SLE (P less than 0.001), including active renal disease (P less than 0.005) and arthritis (P less than 0.001), as well as changes in degree of disease activity which prompted physician action. A change in the SClq results correctly predicted a change in disease activity 82% of the time (P less than 0.005). Abnormalities of FClq, anti-DNA antibody, and C3 were neither associated with nor predictive of changes in disease activity of SLE. These data suggest that the SClq method of determining CIC is the most reliable laboratory indicator of clinical activity in SLE. PMID- 6987997 TI - Priorities in dental materials research. PMID- 6987998 TI - Retirement of Mr S. R. Bragg. PMID- 6987999 TI - The physiology of striated muscle. PMID- 6988000 TI - Pathology of muscle. PMID- 6988001 TI - Inherited muscle disease. PMID- 6988002 TI - Malignant hyperthermia--pearls out of swine? PMID- 6988003 TI - Comparison of labetalol and propranolol in hypertension. AB - 1 Labetalol has been compared with propranolol in a double-blind, double-dummy study of 24 patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension. 2 Two patients were unable to tolerate propranolol and five labetalol, because of symptom side effects; this difference was not significant (P greater than 0.1). 3 On a self administered questionnaire, labetalol was associated with a greater number of side effects per patient than propranolol, but no individual side effect was significantly more common with either drug. 4 There was no difference in the number of spontaneously reported side effects between the two drugs. 5 Both drugs impaired pulmonary function, but propranolol caused a greater reduction than labetalol after 8 weeks of treatment. 6 We conclude that labetalol and propranolol are similarly effective and acceptable to the patient. PMID- 6988004 TI - Muscle reinnervation enhanced by isaxonine in man. PMID- 6988005 TI - Assessment of a new ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for determination of theophylline in plasma. PMID- 6988006 TI - The influence of betamethasone and orciprenaline on the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn after preterm labour. AB - In a randomized double-blind trial on antenatal corticosteroid treatment for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) a corticosteroid related beneficial effect was found. Possibly of more significance was the finding that the children born within 12 hours of their mother's admission to hospital showed a higher incidence of RDS than those born between 12 hours and one week after admission even in the placebo and untreated groups. Beta-adrenergic drugs seemed to exert no other influence on the occurrence of RDS than can be explained by the delay of delivery. Prolonged ruptured membranes appeared to decrease the incidence of RDS to the same extent as other symptoms of threatened preterm labour. PMID- 6988009 TI - Studies on the native forms of renin in the rat kidney. AB - This paper describes Sephadex G-100 chromatography of rat kidney extract containing various enzyme inhibitors. The high molecular weight renin (molecular weight above 50 000) constitutes about 50% of the total renin activity. Omission of the enzyme inhibitors yield solely low molecular weight renin. Upon rechromatography high molecular weight renin eluted in two peaks at lower molecular weight with a concomitant reduction of renin activity. Renin activity in the fractions from Sephadex G-100 chromatography was increased 70% by dialysis at acid as well as neutral pH through the whole molecular weight range. Cold storage of extract with low molecular weight increased renin activity about 25%. The results suggest that the fully active enzyme is not represented by the lower molecular weight forms of renin and direct connection between activation of renin and reduction of renin molecular size was not indicated. PMID- 6988007 TI - Interaction of monovalent cations with Rb+ and Na+ uptake in yeast. AB - The concentration dependence of both Rb+ uptake and Na+ uptake by yeast can be described by a quadratic rate equation. This equation is derived for translocation of cations via a two-site translocation system. In accordance with predictions made for such a two-site translocation system the shape of the uptake isotherm depends both upon the substrate cation species and upon the concentration of other added competing cations. On plotting the rate of Rb+ uptake against the quotient of that rate and the Rb+ concentration concave, convex and also linear curves are found depending upon the type and the concentration of added monovalent cations. The Na+ uptake isotherm plotted in a similar way shows a shift from a concave curve to a straight line on adding increasing amounts of Rb+ to the yeast suspension. Decreasing the pH of the medium leads to a more pronounced convex uptake isotherm for Rb+ uptake. This can be ascribed to an indirect effect of the surface potential upon Rb+ uptake and to occupation of the binding sites by protons, which are replaced again by Rb+ at increasing Rb+ concentrations. Replacement of one sodium ion from one of the two sites of the monovalent cation transport system by either K+ OR Rb+ leads to an increase in the rate of Na+ translocation across the yeast cell membrane. PMID- 6988008 TI - Multiple forms of the asclepains. Cysteinyl proteases from milkweed. AB - Two groups of asclepains (EC 3.4.22.7) isolated from the latex of Asclepias syriaca L. (milkweed) were each separated into five homogeneous enzymes. The members of each group are of similar amino acid composition, and leucine is the common N-terminal residue. Michaelis values are reported for each of the component cysteinyl proteases of milkweek latex, and are compared with those of analogous enzymes from other plant sources. The asclepains all catalysed the hydrolysis of insulin B chain to yield similar two-dimensional maps. The peptides produced from one such digestion were characterized and scission points were defined and compared with those for papain. PMID- 6988010 TI - Activation of inactive renin during the selective destruction of proteinase inhibitors in human plasma by a metalloproteinase in Bitis arietans venom. AB - Puff adder venom, which has been pretreated with phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride and extensively dialysed, is capable of destroying selectively proteinase inhibitory activity in human plasma by an action of an EDTA-sensitive venom proteinase. We found that incubation of 1/5 vol. of such venom with human plasma at 25 degrees C leads to a concomitant increase in renin to 4.4 times control by 5 h. The activation of inactive renin was abolished by 10 mM EDTA and the rate of activation was reduced by 50% in the presence of 5 mM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride and by 90% when 0.32 mg/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor and 5 mM N ethylmaleimide were added as well. The venom proteinase thus appears to activate inactive renin via an activation of endogenous plasma proteinases. This may be accomplished either by activation of proteinase precursors or action on proteinase inhibitor-proteinase complexes. By destroying proteinase inhibitors at the same time as it activates endogenous proteinases, Bitis arietans metalloproteinase would appear to be particularly useful for studies of the activation of inactive renin in human plasma, since endogenous proteinases are then free to activate inactive renin without subsequent inhibition by endogenous proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 6988011 TI - Conjugation of enzymes to immunoglobulins using dimaleimides. AB - A method is described for coupling enzymes to immunoglobulins using sulphydryl derivatives of the proteins and a dimaleimide which is relatively water-soluble. Parameters affecting the performance of the conjugates have been examined including level of sulphydryl incorporation, ratio of enzyme/immunoglobulin and nature of dimaleimide used. Peroxidase-immunoglobulin conjugates made by the dimaleimide method have been compared with those made by the periodate oxidation method and found to have a superior performance. Immunoglobulin has been linked to peroxidase (horseradish peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7), glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger, (EC 1.1.3.4), penicillinase from Bacillus cereus beta lactamase I (EC 3.5.2.6), and beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli (EC 3.2.1.23). PMID- 6988012 TI - High molecular weight renin in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6988013 TI - Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate of the main intrinsic polypeptides isolated from human and bovine lens plasma membranes. PMID- 6988014 TI - Structural studies on pinguinain. Changes induced by carboxamidomethylation. PMID- 6988015 TI - [Role of cell-milieu interactions in the differentiation of nerve cells]. AB - In this review some aspects of nerve cell development are studied from the point of view of the role of the environment on differentiation processes. In the first part, attention is focused on the early stages, with special emphasis on the commitment of the cells coming from the neural crest to acquire and keep a specialized phenotype. In the second part, attempts were made to understand the mechanisms of action of specific growth factors, the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) being taken as a model molecule. Information presently available is presented on factors that may be implicated in the development of cell types other than those NGF-sensitive, with considerations as to whether the notion of specific growth factors can be generalized to all nervous cell types or not. PMID- 6988016 TI - [Purification of the bacterial ribosome using chloramphenicol and erythromycin columns]. AB - Chloramphenicol and erythromycin are antibiotics whose target is the bacterial ribosome. We have studied the possibility of isolating the bacterial ribosome by affinity chromatography on chloramphenicol and erythromycin columns. Several columns have been prepared using different spacers and methods of attachment of the ligands (cyanogen bromide, bis-expoxyde). The efficiency and specificity of these columns is discussed. Ethylene diamine is not always suitable as a spacer, because it presents non specific affinity for the ribosome. Pure tight ribosomes have been prepared by ultracentrifugation. They have been compared to ribosomes from affinity columns. These columns have no denaturing effect on ribosomes. They allow a good purification of ribosomes starting from crude bacterial extracts, but the separation of tight couples from loose subunits is not possible. PMID- 6988018 TI - Postnatal changes in urinary prostaglandin E excretion in premature infants. AB - Urinary PGE excretion was measured by radioimmunoassay in a group of 11 healthy premature infants with a mean birth weight of 1,502 g (range 1,050--1,950 g) and a mean gestational age of 31.6 weeks (range 29--33 weeks), respectively. Measurements were made on the 7th day of life and at weekly intervals thereafter until the 5th week of life. It was demonstrated that urinary PGE excretion significantly increased from the very low level of 6.23 +/- 0.70 ng/24 h (mean +/ SE) on the 7th day to a value of 17.99 +/- 3.53 ng/24 h by the end of the 3rd week (p less than 0.005). Later on it remained practically unchanged. It is suggested that its rapid increase during the first 3 weeks of life may be the result of the highly elevated activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and it may play a role in controlling renal blood flow. PMID- 6988017 TI - [Immunologic and functional activity of the lymphocytes of mice infected with Acholeplasma laidlawii and Rauscher virus]. PMID- 6988020 TI - An evaluation of the marginal seal of amalgam using S.I.A. AB - The Selective Interfacial Amalgamation (S.I.A.) amalgam linear system was evaluated for its ability to reduce marginal leakage in freshly placed amalgam restorations. Leakage was evaluated in extracted and restored human molars which had been submerged in methylene blue dye for seven days at 37 C. The results shows a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.01) in the leakage of teeth restored using the S.I.A. liner and amalgam as compared to Copalite and amalgam restorations with the S.I.A. restoration proving to be superior. PMID- 6988019 TI - Enzyme therapy and immuno-adsorption by an extra-corporeal device. AB - An extra-corporeal chamber has been constructed and used for diagnosis, enzyme therapy and immuno-adsorption. The chamber is made from polymethyl-acrylate and the dimensions of the chamber are 10 x 18 x 7 cm. It contains 23 plates with a total area of 0.5 m2. In most cases no pump is used. The active substance is bound covalently to the plate surfaces. The time for each hemoperfusion has been 3-6 hr. No infections, decrease of thrombocytes or other side effects have been observed. By immobilized homologous antisera (F (ab')2), three putative tumour associated antigens were isolated from cases of hypernephroma. Two children and one adult patient with malignant lymphoma were treated with extra-corporeal L asparaginase, the latter with repeated remissions of metastases. The level of antibodies against Factor VIII was significantly decreased by chamber immunoadsorption in two cases of hemophilia. A number of kidney transplantation cases received extra-corporeal L-asparaginase pre- and post-operatively to counteract rejection. In all around 50 patients have received extra-corporeal treatment without any adverse effects. The use of the extra-corporeal chamber in other diseases is discussed. PMID- 6988021 TI - Binding of immunoglobulin classes to subpopulations of human red blood cells separated by density-gradient centrifugation. AB - Human erythrocytes (RBC) from whole blood were separated according to their specific densities by centrifugation on a polyvinyl-pyrrolidine-coated colloidal silica matrix (Percoll) into four major subpopulations. By indirect immunofluorescence assay, the most dense RBC subpopulation, with specific density greater than 1.110 g/ml (3%-5% of total RBC), was positive for membrane-bound immunoglobulin; the remaining, less dense subpopulations were negative. IgG was present on 85%-95%, IgM on 28%-32%, and IgA on 15%-20% of the RBC in the most dense population. When these immunoglobulins were eluted, radiolabeled, and used in binding studies with autologous RBC fractions subjected to thermal and/or enzymatic treatment, they reacted specifically with the less dense RBC subpopulations. These results suggest that previously cryptic antigens were revealed by the activity of neuraminidase on the plasma membranes of the treated RBC. PMID- 6988022 TI - [Oxygen-dependent influence of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (author's transl)]. AB - In in vitro experiments the effect of bacterial endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide E. coli O 26 :B 6) on the ingestion, NBT reduction, and the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the atmosphere of 21 vol-% O2 and 99.9 vol-% N2, respectively, was tested. High concentrations of endotoxin in O2 atmosphere cause an inhibition of the functions and a stimulation of vacuole formation, N2 atmosphere shows these effects of endotoxin on the ingestion and vacuole formation, if at all, in a lesser degree. These results show that endotoxin in high concentrations possibly causes an auto-oxidation of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This interpretation of the results is in accord with findings of other authors. PMID- 6988023 TI - [Therapeutic use of immunoglobulins in children (author's transl)]. AB - The indications for immunoglobulin therapy in childhood have been well established for many years: prophylaxis is effective with single small doses, a full substitution needs multiple large applications. All other recommendations are ill-defined and result from wishful thinking rather than from solid clinical data. New is the possibility of safe i. v. Ig-application which could be realized through appropriate modification of gammaglobulin preparations. Some properties of the commercially available products are summarized. Our own experience with one of them is encouraging: as a matter of fact, fully effective gammaglobulin substitution is now possible in patients with antibody deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6988024 TI - Mutagenicity of particulate air pollutants collected around Tokyo, Japan. PMID- 6988025 TI - Analysis of collection development at the National Library of Medicine. AB - This paper reports the major findings of a study of collection development activities at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) from 1965 to 1977. The CATLINE file was the source of the data; analyses were performed on classification number, date of entry, and language. An overview analysis of the data base is presented for major subject and form classes. An in-depth subject analysis of the monograph collection was performed using the NLM call number. An analysis by date of entry revealed that the subject content of CATLINE has varied only slightly over the years; the most notable change was a recent decline in the related and peripheral subject areas. The language analysis indicated that 83% of the data base consisted of works published in English, German, Russian, and French. Throughput processing time was measured for English language monographs for selected years. PMID- 6988026 TI - Continuing education in information retrieval techniques for clinicians. PMID- 6988027 TI - Locating the Excerpta Medica International Congress Series by number. PMID- 6988028 TI - Kenneth Craik: the man and his work. PMID- 6988029 TI - Recurrent torsion of the testis following previous surgical fixation. AB - Two cases of recurrent torsion of the testis following previous surgical fixation are described. The significance of this rare occurrence is discussed and it is recommended that total excision of the parietal tunica vaginalis is used for surgical fixation. PMID- 6988030 TI - The management of the open perineal wound using a foam elastomer dressing: a prospective clinical trial. AB - In an attempt to improve the management of the perineal wound after abdominoperineal excision of the rectum we have assessed the value of foam elastomer, a catalysed silicone polymer dressing. The substance has already been used successfully in the treatment of open, granulating wounds at other sites (1). On the fourteenth postoperative day 50 patients with open perineal wounds were randomized to receive either conventional gauze packing or treatment with a foam elastomer dressing. Patients were received weekly until healing occurred. When no cavity remained, a dry dressing alone was used. Initial wound volume was calculated in all patients by forming a foam dressing the volume of which was measured by displacement of water. Healing times were shorter in patients who received foam elastomer, but not significantly so. However, less analgesia (P less than 0.01) and fewer district nurse visits (P less than 0.001) were required by patients in the foam elastomer group. This study suggests that foam elastomer dressing is a more comfortable alternative to a gauze pack in the management of the perineal wound and substantially reduces the amount of nursing supervision which is required. We recommend its routine use in the management of the open perineal wound particularly in the young and cooperative patient. PMID- 6988031 TI - Oestrogen receptors and breast cancer: current status. PMID- 6988032 TI - A clinical trial in the management of operable cancer of the breast. AB - The results of a randomized controlled clinical trial in the management of operable breast cancer are given. Between 1964 and 1971 498 women, aged 35-69 years, were treated within the trial protocol. Those under 60 years of age on entry underwent ovarian ablation, usually by surgery, and were allocated randomly to treatment by either radical mastectomy (RM) or simple mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy (SM). Follow-up data for the first 12 years are presented and show that survival in the radical mastectomy group is significantly better (P less than 0.05), particularly in clinical stage 1 disease. The pattern of survival once recurrence was detected also showed interesting differences between the two treatment groups. Overall there was a significantly prolonged survival after detection of recurrence in the RM group (P less than 0.05) which was most marked when local recurrence and distant metastases coincided (P less than 0.01). The duration of survival once recurrence had taken place was independent of tumour size, clinical stage of the disease or menstrual status at the time of presentation, but was directly proportional to the duration of the disease-free inerval (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6988033 TI - Midline or transverse laparotomy? A random controlled clinical trial. Part I: Influence on healing. AB - Five hundred and seventy-nine patients undergoing major laparotomy were randomly allocated to have midline or transverse incisions. Transverse incisions took longer to make and caused more bleeding but (in the absence of wound sepsis) no transverse wound burst and there were only 2 incisional hernias. In the midline group, without wound sepsis, there were 2 burst abdomens and 9 incisional hernias. When, however, those patients who suffered wound sepsis were also considered, there were no significant differences between the two groups. PMID- 6988034 TI - Midline or transverse laparotomy? A random controlled clinical trial. Part II: Influence on postoperative pulmonary complications. AB - In a series of 579 patients undergoing major laparotomy, the direction of incision (midline or transverse/oblique muscle-cutting) was decided randomly. The severity of postoperative pulmonary complications was expressed by a scoring system which allowed categorization into mild (score 0-3), moderate (score 4-6) and serious (score 7 or more) complications. The important determinants of high scores were found to be male sex, preoperative pulmonary dysfunction, postoperative ventilatory depression, hypovolaemic and septic shock, inhalation of gastric contents and embolism. In no stratum did the direction of incision have any significant effect. PMID- 6988035 TI - Selective primary suture of the battle-injured colon: an experience of the Nigerian Civil War. AB - During the 1967-9 phase of the Nigerian Civil War, 38 primary sutures of battle injured colons were carried out, with 3 deaths, all in patients with severe concomitant injuries to the liver, diaphragm and right iliac crest. In carefully selected cases--one-third of the total--primary suture was a safe and reliable technique for dealing with battle-lacerated colons. Although there was a substantial morbidity (71 per cent) from wound sepsis, there was also a considerable reduction in the period spent in hospital. PMID- 6988036 TI - Tracheal collapse. PMID- 6988037 TI - Insulin infusion systems, diabetic control, and microvascular complications. PMID- 6988038 TI - Detection of unrecognised nocturnal hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated diabetics. AB - Cortisol to creatinine ratios in overnight urine samples, urinary glucose excretion, and plasma glucose concentrations were determined in 43 diabetic inpatients. All initially had normal cortisol to creatinine ratios (less than 55 x 10(-6)) and were initially treated by increasing their long-acting insulin component. Nine patients in whom this ratio became raised then had their long acting insulin component reduced until their fasting plasma glucose concentration was 4-7 mol/l (72-126 mg/100 ml). The 34 patients who had never had a raised ratio were treated by increasing their long-acting insulin component until their fasting plasma glucose concentration was in the range 4-7 mmol/l. All the raised cortisol to creatinine ratios were clearly separate from the other values. A mean reduction in total insulin dose of 23% and in long-acting insulin dose of 53% was achieved, abolishing presumptive nocturnal hypoglycaemia by reducing the ratio to normal and dramatically improving diabetic control. Although there was no definite evidence that the patients who had raised cortisol to creatinine ratios had suffered from nocturnal hypoglycemia, these results strongly support the view that a raised ratio indicates an otherwise unrecognised episode of this condition. PMID- 6988041 TI - Friedrich Wolter (1893-?1944): the last anticontagionist. PMID- 6988039 TI - Protective effect of inhaled salbutamol powder in children assessed by histamine challenge. AB - A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 100, 400, and 800 micrograms inhaled salbutamol powder was conducted on 12 children. The protective effect at 10 minutes, two hours, and four hours was assessed by histamine challenge. At 10 minutes there was good protection with all doses, but by four hours there was significant protection only with 800 micrograms (p less than 0.01). Salbutamol powder may need to be taken at least every four hours for complete protection. There was a dose-related effect with a single dose of up to 800 micrograms; increasing the dose increased the effect and duration of action. Currently advertised dose regimens of salbutamol powder for children (200 micrograms three or four times a day) are apparently submaximal. Histamine challenge is a satisfactory method of assessing the proective effect of a drug in asthmatic children. PMID- 6988040 TI - Hirsutism and virilisation. PMID- 6988042 TI - Kidney transplantation--living versus cadaver donors. PMID- 6988043 TI - Gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella strains in a hospital. PMID- 6988044 TI - Supranuclear palsy of eyelid closure. AB - An inability to close the eyes voluntarily while at the same time retaining reflex blinking is described in three patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease. In one patient it is was an early symptom but in the others it formed part of a generalized spastic paralysis. By analogy with other reports it is deduced that in the case of a supranuclear palsy of this type the site of the lesion is probably in the cortical neurons rather than in the descending motor tracts. PMID- 6988045 TI - Neural pathways mediating muricide induced by diagonal band lesions. PMID- 6988046 TI - Resistance of FK 33-824 and other enkephalin analogues to peptidase degradation. AB - The stability of analogues of Met-enkephalin containing different chemical substitutions in the amino acid sequence to enzymatic degradation by a mouse brain extract and by rat striatal membranes have been compared. On incubation with the mouse brain extract, the naturally occurring Met-enkephalin was completely destroyed within 5 min and 50% of (D-Ala2)Met-enkephalinamide was degraded within 2 1/2 hr, with the release of Tyr, Phe, Met, D-Ala-Gly and partially (D-)Ala and Gly. (D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met(O)ol5) enkephalin (FK 33-824) was degraded to 50% within 5 hr, giving merely Tyr and the tetrapeptide D-Ala-Gly MePhe-Met(O)ol as degradation products. No metabolism was observed after incubation for 24 hr of (MeTyr1, D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met(O)ol5) enkephalin (FW 34 569) with the mouse brain extract. On incubation with rat striatal membranes in the presence of puromycin, Met-enkephalin was rapidly inactivated, principally by cleavage of the Gly3-Phe4 bond, whereas FK 33-824 was not split. PMID- 6988047 TI - [Index of minimal-maximal concentration in patients with valvular defects of the heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988048 TI - [Dr. Anton Pontuch - 61-years-old]. PMID- 6988049 TI - [Biological membranes: principles of construction and function (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988050 TI - Obituary. PMID- 6988051 TI - Oxygen consumption during spontaneous ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure: assessment in normal volunteers and patients with acute respiratory failure. AB - Continuous positive airway pressures (CPAP) of 0.49 kPa and 0.98 kPa were applied to ten healthy volunteers and nine critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure. A modified Godart-Statham NV 16003 spirometer was used to measure respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (VT), oxygen consumption (VO2), and changes in functional residual capacity (delta FRC). During CPAP of 0.49 kPa, volunteers had a decrease in f, and increased VT and minute volume (MV). At 0.98 kPa CPAP, f did not change but VT and MV significantly increased. VO2 did not change at either pressure. The volume of delta FRC increased with an increased level of CPAP. The entire volunteer group was comfortable throughout the whole study. When CPAP was applied to acutely ill patients, f decreased. VT and MV increased at both CPAP pressures. delta FRC was similar to the volunteers. VO2 in the patient group rose significantly at 0.49 and 0.98 kPa CPAP. Some of the patients were uncomfortable with 0.49 kPa pressure, while all the patients were distressed at 0.98 kPa CPAP. The effects of increased oxygen consumption and patients discomfort should be considered in critically ill patients receiving CPAP therapy. PMID- 6988052 TI - Dental research: is there a future? PMID- 6988053 TI - Dental research future "disasterous". PMID- 6988054 TI - Manitoba children's dental program report. PMID- 6988055 TI - Personality test study. PMID- 6988056 TI - Teaching problem-solving skills. PMID- 6988057 TI - Dr. Robert A. Mustard. PMID- 6988058 TI - Specialization: What it holds for the future of medicine. AB - Specialization in medicine developed in response to the ever-increasing volume and complexity of scientific knowledge. While diverse factors may have contributed to improved health of people in the United States, the medical profession undoubtedly played an important role. Despite this achievement our profession is held in low esteem probably because of the high cost of medical care and unsubstantiated charges in the United States that some surgery is performed unnecessarily. In contemplating the future we must guard against the establishment of unrealistic small areas of specialization. Specialty groups must refrain from treatment of disease entities or anatomical regions. Such claims indicate self-aggrandizement and lead to acrimonious, destructive disputes within the profession. PMID- 6988059 TI - The extensive medical writings of soldier-poet John McCrae. PMID- 6988060 TI - John Ferguson McCreary: a man for all seasons. PMID- 6988061 TI - Management of children with cleft lip and palate. AB - Cleft lip or palate or both is one of the common congenital conditions in Ontario; its incidence is 1.2 to 1.6 per 1000 live births. A review of the records of 358 patients showed that 40%, particularly those with a severe defect, had other medical problems. This condition can affect the children and their families in many ways. In early life many patients undergo surgical repair and have speech, hearing and dental problems; during adolescence they may have cosmetic, orthodontic and emotional problems. Many parents are concerned about the genetic implications of the defect. This variety of problems requires management by several health care disciplines. Many Canadian health sciences centres offer multidisciplinary team management in a cleft palate clinic. The child's primary care physician, with whom the team exchanges information, plays a significant role in helping the child and the family function optimally. PMID- 6988062 TI - Infectious diarrhea: clinical implications of recent research. PMID- 6988063 TI - Prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin). AB - Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), or prostacyclin, is a recently discovered prostaglandin that affects many organ systems. It is both a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and a powerful vasodilator. The recent demonstration that it is the main prostaglandin synthesized by the blood vessel wall suggests that it may play an important role in limiting platelet-mediated thrombosis. However, despite considerable investigation, the exact physiological role of PGI2 has yet to be elucidated. PMID- 6988064 TI - The first 10 years of the dialysis-transplantation program at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. 1: Predialysis and dialysis. AB - Renal dialysis and transplantation have been used for many years for adults with kidney failure but only recently for children. In May 1967 a renal-dialysis transplantation program was established at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto for patients aged 6 to 18 years living within 240 km of Toronto. In 1973, children aged 1 to 5 years began to be accepted into the program, and by August 1977, 90 children (mean age 11 years) from all parts of Canada had been admitted to the program. The creation of vascular access in very small patients is difficult; the most successful types of access have been central shunts (established above the knee or the elbow) and bovine grafts. Specially made dialysis equipment is necessary for young patients. Young children should only be accepted in a dialysis-transplantation program that has a medical staff expert in meeting the specific needs of such children. PMID- 6988065 TI - The first 10 years of the dialysis-transplantation program at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. 2. Transplantation and complications of chronic renal failure. AB - Between January 1969 and August 1977, 78 children received 100 kidney transplants (94 from cadavers and 6 from living donors) at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Since 1971 the average wait for a first cadaveric transplant has been less than 5 months. Preferably the kidney is placed in a location that has not previously undergone an operation, usually the iliac fossa on the side opposite that from which the donor kidney was taken. Immunosuppressive therapy begins with prednisone (or methylprednisolone), 3 mg/kg body weight per day; the dose is gradually decreased until a maintenance dose of 10 to 20 mg every 48 hours is reached 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Azathioprine, 2 to 3 mg/kg body weight, is also given each day. Early recognition or prevention of renal osteodystrophy, the toxic effects of steroids, psychosocial problems, growth retardation and hypertension minimize their effects on these patients. PMID- 6988067 TI - Casting light on Darwin's ape at Queen's University. PMID- 6988066 TI - Cutaneous aspergillosis with fatal dissemination in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 6988068 TI - Anturan: new use for an old drug. PMID- 6988071 TI - Acupuncture for smokers: lack of long-term therapeutic effect in a controlled study. AB - Two types of acupuncture therapy, one aimed specifically at smoking withdrawal and the other aimed at enhancing relaxation, were compared with self-monitoring in 75 healthy men that wished to stop smoking. During the 2 weeks following treatment there was no significant difference in the adjusted mean daily smoking rates of the subjects receiving acupuncture therapy of the two types, but their combined rate was significantly lower than the rate of the subjects in the self monitoring group. However, at 1, 3, and 6 months following treatment there were no longer statistically significant differences between the three treatment groups in the adjusted mean smoking rates. At no time were there significant differences between the three treatment groups in the proportion of subjects that stopped smoking during the study. Although acupuncture appears to have become a popular treatment for cigarette smokers, its effectiveness remains to be proven in the treatment of tobacco addiction. PMID- 6988072 TI - Dr. Earl Scarlett: melding tradition and beauty in historical writing. PMID- 6988070 TI - Fusidic acid: new opportunities with an old antibiotic. AB - The extensive foreign experience with fusidic acid prior to its belated introduction to Canada is reviewed. Fusidic acid is a steroid antibiotic with minimal toxic and hormonal effects that is mainly excreted through the liver. It has a predominantly bactericidal action and does not shown cross-resistance with other antibiotics. Since organisms resistant to this drug form easily in vitro when exposed to low concentrations, complementary treatment with another antibiotic may be required in some clinical situations. Although fusidic acid is active in vitro against a number of organisms, to date it has mainly been used to treat serious infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. The agent appears to be particularly valuable in the treatment of bone and joint infections and in pediatric practice. Fusidic acid will soon be available in Canada for both oral and intravenous administration. Attainable antibiotic levels in many tissues and body fluids greatly exceed the minimum inhibitory concentrations. PMID- 6988069 TI - Inhibition of carcinogenesis by retinoids. AB - Experimental investigations of the antineoplastic effects of retinoids are reviewed in this paper. In vitro studies have shown that the hyperplastic and metaplastic response to chemical carcinogens of mouse prostate cultures is suppressed by the addition of retinoids to the culture medium, that retinoids can partially inhibit the morphologic transformation of 10T 1/2 cells by physical or chemical carcinogens, and that the growth of some non-neoplastic and some neoplastic cell lines can be inhibited by retinoids. In vivo studies have shown that retinoids can suppress papilloma and carcinoma development (the promotion phase) in the two-stage skin carcinogenesis assay, inhibit mammary and bladder carcinogenesis in mice and rats, and inhibit the growth of some transplantabletumor lines. So far it has not been possible to inhibit predictably tumour formation in the intestinal tract or the respiratory tract of rodents. Almost all the synthetic retinoids have a higher therapeutic index than the natural retinoids in the prevention or treatment of cancer. PMID- 6988073 TI - Circumcision? Cutting out the routine cut. PMID- 6988074 TI - [Notre-Dame Hospital of Montreal celebrates with dynamism 100 years of progress]. PMID- 6988076 TI - Artificial carbohydrate antigens: the synthesis of a tetrasaccharide hapten, a Shigella flexneri O-antigen repeating unit. AB - The 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl glycoside of the tetrasaccharide hapten, O-alpha-L rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-O-alpha-L rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside and the trisaccharide glycoside 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D glucopyranoside were synthesized by sequential Koenigs-Knorr reactions from monosaccharide units. The tetrasaccharide represents the complete skeletal repeating unit of Shigella flexneri serogroup Y lipopolysaccharide. Both oligosaccharide haptens are functionalized for covalent attachment to proteins, cell surfaces, and solid supports. 1H-N.m.r. evidence for the conformations of these oligosaccharides in solution is presented and shown to be consistent with predictions based on the exo-anomeric effect. PMID- 6988078 TI - Vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing fibres in the pineal gland and subcommissural organ of the rat. AB - Vasopressin and oxytocin were specifically demonstrated in the rat brain using the unlabelled antibody-enzyme method and purification of the first antiserum. Vasopressin and oxytocin fibres extend via the subcommissural organ or habenular commissure into the pineal stalk and terminate in the anterior part of the pineal organ. In addition, immediately adjacent to the subsommissural organ many vasopressin-containing fibres run caudally toward the central grey. These results are discussed in relation to the proposed presence of vasotocin in the pineal gland. PMID- 6988079 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of myosin in the brush border region of the intestinal epithelium. AB - Myosin was localized in rat intestinal epithelium by means of indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy (unlabeled antibody peroxidase method), using a specific antibody to myosin from chicken gizzard. Immunoreactivity was localized in the apical cytoplasm, where it was concentrated along the rootlets of the microvillar filament bundles and in the terminal web. A model of microvillar contraction is proposed. PMID- 6988080 TI - Serological survey of trichomoniasis in Zimbabwe Rhodesia. PMID- 6988081 TI - The provocation of coronary artery spasm. AB - On the basis of the overall experience, the provocation of coronary artery spasm with ergonovine is thought to be a highly sensitive and specific test for coronary artery spasm in Prinzmetal's variant angina. In spite of occasional complications, in experienced hands the procedure is considered to be safe. The challenge remains to determine the value of this and other provocative interventions in assessing the role of spasm in other aspects of ischemic heart disease, particularly in patients with critical atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 6988077 TI - Evaluation of flow cytometric data of human tumours. Correction procedures for background and cell aggregations. AB - Background signals and aggregation of cells affect flow cytometric DNA measurements to a great and mostly uncontrolled extent. These artefacts appear mainly in investigations of solid tumours leading to significant distortions in the results. Procedures are described that make possible quantitative corrections both of the background and of the cell aggregations. PMID- 6988082 TI - Evaluation of a new catheter-mounted electromagnetic velocity sensor during cardiac catheterization. PMID- 6988075 TI - Chlamydial infection in animals: a review. AB - A review of the literature concerning chlamydial infection in birds and animals, particularly domestic animals is presented. Following a general discussion of the agent, the nature of chlamydial infection and diagnostic criteria, information regarding disease is summarized for each species. The possibility of zoonotic transmission is also discussed. PMID- 6988083 TI - Microinjection and localization of a 130K protein in living fibroblasts: a relationship to actin and fibronectin. PMID- 6988084 TI - Unequal meiotic recombination within tandem arrays of yeast ribosomal DNA genes. AB - Recombinant DNA procedures and the yeast transformation technique were used to insert the yeast gene LEU 2 (coding for beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase) into the tandem array of ribosomal DNA genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These insertions were shown by genetic and physical techniques to be unstable in meiosis. The meiotic instability was found to be the result of a high level of unequal recombination between ribosomal DNA gene clusters located on sister chromatids. PMID- 6988085 TI - History of immunology. A history of theories of acquired immunity. PMID- 6988086 TI - [Our experience of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis treatment with methotrexate (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988088 TI - [On the 60th birthday of Dr. Jan Lezovic]. PMID- 6988087 TI - [Endoscopy and its artistic pattern (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988089 TI - Studies on transfer ribonucleic acids and related compounds. XXXI. Synthesis of the 3',5'-bisphosphorylated hexanucleotide corresponding to bases (72--77) of tRNAfMet from E. coli and its base transition analog. PMID- 6988090 TI - Simultaneous determination of esterase and peptidase activities of elastase. PMID- 6988091 TI - Chemistry of tremorogenic metabolites. I. Fumitremorgin A from Aspergillus fumigatus. PMID- 6988092 TI - Radioreceptor assay of insulin using rabbit erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6988093 TI - [Results of perforating keratoplasty in Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy]. PMID- 6988094 TI - [Operation for strabismus using loops]. PMID- 6988095 TI - [Absence of vessels penetrating the grafts in cases of immunologic rejection]. PMID- 6988096 TI - [Dislocation of artificial lenses]. PMID- 6988097 TI - Cell kinetics of human squamous cell carcinomas in the oral cavity. AB - Cell proliferation characteristic of human malignant tumors has been related to the responses of tumors to various therapeutic means. The present study mainly concerns a routine method to measure cell kinetic parameters in human solid tumors. Proposed for this aim is the in vitro double labeling method under hyperbaric condition. For assessment of the method, two steps were taken. First cell cycle parameters were compared in a mouse squamous cell carcinoma between this in vitro method and the in vivo percent labeled mitoses methods. Second, the in vitro method was applied to eight cases of human squamous cell carcinomas. The results indicate that two sets of the cell cycle parameters of mouse squamous cell carcinoma measured by the two methods are in good agreement within an experimental error. DNA synthesis time, labeling index and cell cycle time of human squamous cell carcinoma varied among cases with a dispersion of 2- to 3 fold, that is, with ranges of 4.1-14.0 h, 14.3-28.7% and 21.2-52.9 /, respectively. PMID- 6988099 TI - Oncostatic-antibody complexes in chemotherapy. AB - Cancer-chemotherapeutic agents are not selective in their action against cancer cells. An approach to increasing the efficacy of currently available antitumor drugs is the binding of selected chemotherapeutic agents to antibodies that do posses specific affinity for the tumor cells. In this short review consideration is given to some aspects of induction of antitumor antibodies, techniques for binding of various chemotherapeutic agents to antibodies, immunochemotherapy with oncostatic-antibody complexes and their mode of action, and future prospects of this form of therapy. PMID- 6988101 TI - Clinical exercise stress testing. PMID- 6988098 TI - The T lymphoblastic malignancies. PMID- 6988100 TI - Estrogen-receptor status and response to chemotherapy in early and advanced breast cancer. AB - The value of estrogen receptor (ER) status in the prediction of tumor response to combination chemotherapy was retrospectively analyzed in breast cancer patients selected for prospective controlled trials of chemotherapy (85 with advanced disease and 256 with operable tumors). All patients were previously untreated with either chemotherapy or endocrine therapy, and in all instances drug therapy was applied at the time of primary treatment. The ER status was considered positive in 54% of women with advanced disease and in 70% of women with operable breast tumor and positive axillary nodes, respectively. About 12% of patients were considered to have borderline ER. The response to drug therapy (complete plus partial remission in advanced breast cancer and 3-year relapse-free survival after mastectomy, respectively) was not significantly different between ER+ and ER- tumors. The comparative results of ER+ vs ER- patients were similar whether the cutoff point for ER+ t-mors was greater than 5 or greater than 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein. The present results indicate that in advanced and early breast cancer combination chemotherapy is effective regardless of ER status. Therefore, in the presence of ER+ tumors there is no reason to delay the early administration of effective chemotherapy. This is particularly true both in the presence of rapidly progressing metastatic disease and in the adjuvant setting. PMID- 6988102 TI - Left ventricular response to isometric exercise in patients with denervated and innervated hearts. AB - Patients with cardiac denervation resulting from allograft transplantation have been observed to increase their diastolic and systolic blood pressure during isometric exercise without concomitant cardioacceleration. To determine the mechanism for the blood pressure increase, heart rate, blood pressure, and ventricular volumes (measured using fluoroscopy of tantalum midwall myocardial markers) were recorded before and after a 50% maximal voluntary contraction. Seven cardiac transplant recipients (denervated heart) and seven nontransplant patients (innervated heart) were studied. Innervated and denervated heart patients increased systolic blood pressure by 16% and 21% and total peripheral resistance by 20% and 12%, respectively. The percentage responses were not significantly different between groups, except for heart rate, which increased 17% in innervated heart patients and 2% in denervated heart patients (p less than 0.05). Neither group had enhanced contractility or increases in cardiac output, suggesting that the blood pressure increases resulted in both groups from increased peripheral resistance. PMID- 6988103 TI - Angiotensin II, plasma renin and sodium depletion as determinants of blood pressure response to saralasin in essential hypertension. AB - To evaluate the role of the renin-angiotensin system and sodium depletion in the hypotensive response to 1-sarcosine-8-alanine-angiotensin II (saralasin), 15 male patients with essential hypertension were studied on a diet containing 120 mEq of sodium and 100 mEq of potassium per day. After a 5-day control period, all subjects had a mild pressor response to the saralasin infusion (p less than 0.01). After 5 days of the diuretic metolazone (5 mg/day), eight of the 15 patients had a vasodepressor response; these responders had a significantly greater increase in plasma renin activity and angiotensin II concentrations than did the non-responders. Sodium deficit differed markedly (p less than 0.001) between the two groups (361 +/- 121 mEq (SD) vs 52 +/- 26 mEq sodium, respectively). The addition of spironolactone (400 mg/day) for 5 days resulted in saralasin responsiveness in all but two patients, both of whom had small sodium deficits. Thus, variability in the natriuretic response to diuretics may affect saralasin testing and limit its clinical utility. PMID- 6988104 TI - Evaluation of methods for quantitating left ventricular segmental wall motion in man using myocardial markers as a standard. AB - Radiopaque markers were implanted in the left ventricular myocardial midwall in 58 patients and studied in the 30 degrees right anterior oblique projection by computer-aided fluoroscopy. Marker motion was used as a standard of segmental wall motion against which the accuracy of five methods for measuring left ventricular wall motion was assessed: two methods using hemiaxial measurements in rectangular coordinates, two using radial measurements in polar coordinates (all with frame-by-frame axial reindexing) and one using radial measurements in fixed external polar coordinates. The latter method showed significantly less error (25.9%, p less than 10(-6)) in measuring midwall marker motion than the other four methods (range 42.5--47.5%) in the group as a whole and in subgroups that had abnormalities of posterior, apical and anterior wall motion. This method also had the best correlation of marker motion and motion of adjacent endocardial border (of the overall left ventricle and the posterior, apical, and anterior walls separately) as visualized by ventriculography in 29 patients. The bulk of the reduction in error using this method was due to the use of a fixed external reference system, with a small additional increment of error removed by proper selection of the polar origin at a point 69% of the distance from the anterolateral edge of the aortic valve to the ventricular apex at end-systole. PMID- 6988105 TI - Antibodies in different immunoglobulin classes to Candida albicans in allergic respiratory disease. PMID- 6988106 TI - A comparative trial of flunisolide and beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. AB - An open, parallel comparison of flunisolide and beclomethasone dipropionate nasal sprays is described. Sixty patients entered the study of whom fifty-six completed the full 4 weeks' therapy. The dosage of flunisolide was two actuations (25 micrograms/actuation) into each nostril twice a day (total 200 micrograms). The dosage of beclomethasone dipropionate was one actuation (50 micrograms) in each nostril four times a day (total 400 micrograms). Both drugs produced statistically significant improvements compared with admission values in sneezing, stuffiness, runny nose, nose blowing and post-nasal drip. Both drug significantly decreased the interference by symptoms with routine life and sleep. At the end of the trial both treatment groups showed total or good control of symptoms in the majority of patients. No statistically significant difference was shown between the effects of the two drugs. Side-effects did not cause withdrawal from the trial in any patient and were mostly confined to minor headache and nose and throat complaints. In neither treatment group was there any evidence of adrenal suppression or growths of Candida from nasal swabs. PMID- 6988107 TI - An epidemic of extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by tap water. PMID- 6988108 TI - Prevalence of precipitins in groups at risk of developing hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - A study was made of the prevalence of serum precipitins to Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Aspergillus fumigatus, and pigeon serum in population groups suspected to be at high risk for the development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Pigeon breeders' sera contained precipitins mainly to pigeon serum (38%) and A. fumigatus (18%). Occupants of homes in which forced air heating systems were investigated for the presence of microorganisms reacted mostly with M. faeni (13%) and A. fumigatus (8%). Individuals from environments where several cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis were discovered reacted largely with M. faeni (28%) and T. vulgaris (21%). Sera supplied by physicians from patients with respiratory symptoms reacted primarily to A. fumigatus (24%) and to a lesser extent to M. faeni (16%) and T. vulgaris (9%). The results indicate that the prevalence of precipitins to the tested antigens is not uniform and may be influenced by the environment. Furthermore, the prevalence of precipitins in groups at risk is greater than previously reported for the normal population. PMID- 6988109 TI - Effect of some organic acids in the incubation step on plasma renin activity. AB - The organic acids potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHphthalate), maleic, critic, acetic, formic, and oxalic were used to adjust the pH of plasma to 5.6 +/- 0.2 in the incubation step of the procedure for the determination of plasma renin activity (PRA). When compared to the PRA determined after pH adjustment with hydrochloric acid (HCl), it was found that KHphthalate and maleic acid produced a statistically significant increase in PRA. In comparison to HCl, KHphthalate and maleic acid showed a mean percent difference of 61% and 27% respectively for a one hour incubation; and, 57% and 34% respectively for a three hour incubation. PMID- 6988110 TI - Production of low glucose serum for quality control and evaluation of yeast treatment, lyophilization and storage conditions on serum constituents. AB - In order to provide quality control serum in the hypoglycemic range, pooled human serum was treated with yeast. Yeast destroyed about 50% of the serum glucose in about 4 1/2 hrs. The yeast-treated serum remained suitable for quality control of the most commonly analyzed clinical chemistry constituents which showed only very little change in most cases. Serum triglycerides were increased by about 40% and bilirubin decreased by about 20% during the treatment. Lyophilization of serum samples (yeast-treated or not) resulted in significant decreases of some enzymes activities. Exposure at 22 degrees C of samples lyophilized (7 days) and non lyophilized (4 days) resulted in practically no change except for certain enzymes. No significant differences were observed in the clinical chemistry measurements including glucose one month and three months after preparation of samples lyophilized (stored in a refrigerator) and non-lyophilized (store in a freezer). PMID- 6988111 TI - Acid phosphatase in Gaucher's disease. AB - Increased acid phosphatase activity in the serum and tissues of patients with Gaucher's disease has now been recognized for two decades, but as yet no relation has been established between the enzyme and the etiology and progress of the disease. Here, we review results obtained by various investigators, ranging from a consideration of the methods used for the evaluation of serum acid phosphatase in Gaucher's disease to the most recent findings regarding the purification and characterization of two acid phosphatase isoenzymes from the spleen from patients with Gaucher's disease. We also discuss the intracellular location of tissue acid phosphatase in patients with Gaucher's disease and its contribution to the increased activity in serum. PMID- 6988112 TI - An interlaboratory study of the determination of digoxin by immunoassay. AB - We conducted a voluntary survey of laboratories and manufacturers to assess the current quality of analytical assays for serum digoxin. More than 300 clinical laboratories and 18 manufacturers responded, giving data on methods, instruments, computational procedures, and results for five survey samples. We sorted the analytical data to provide statistical information on the grand mean values separately for manufacturers and clinical laboratories, the frequency distribution of all reported values, and the mean values by method of interpolation and algorithms used for linear transformation. There was no statistical difference (alpha = 0.05) between the means for each specimen as determined by the kit manufacturers as a group and the clinical laboratories as a group. PMID- 6988113 TI - Semiautomated homogeneous enzyme immunoassay of total serum thyroxine with a kinetic analyzer. AB - A new semiautomatic procedure for determination of total serum thyroxine was adapted to a kinetic analyzer, LKB 2086 Mark II. The ABA thyroxine assay kit was used, and although the assay procedure was modified, the advantage of small reagent volumes, short measuring times, and automation were retained. The results were analyzed off-line with a programmable desk-top calculator. The method has a precision of 7% (CV) and a sensitivity of 8 nmol/L. Values in sera from 64 patients analyzed by enzyme immunoassay and by radioimmunoassay correlated well (r = 0.975). One kit contains enough reagents for 500 assays, and an operator could do 25 samples (i.e., 64 assays) in about 4 h. PMID- 6988114 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase interference in lactate dehydrogenase assay. PMID- 6988115 TI - Tinnitus: a double-blind crossover controlled trial to evaluate the use of lignocaine. AB - A double-blind crossover controlled trial assessing the use of intravenous lignocaine in the treatment of tinnitus is reported. Possible modes of action of the drug are suggested. It is shown that intravenous lignocaine is effective in reducing tinnitus, although duration of such effect is short. Consistently effective oral preparations to control tinnitus are yet to be described. PMID- 6988116 TI - Association of severe rheumatoid arthritis with heterozygosity for alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Genetic types of alpha 1-antitrypsin (protease inhibitor types, or Pi types) were determined in 108 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These patients were selected for severely destructive disease and had classical rheumatoid arthritis according to ARA criteria, were seropositive, and had joint erosions shown by X ray. Heterozygotes for the deficiency Z allele (Pi types MZ, SZ, etc.) were found among 9.2% of patients and 3.5% of a control adult population. The increased frequency in patients was statistically significant. Heterozygotes were most frequent among female patients with an early onset of disease. Heterozygosity for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency may be a factor in familial recurrence of rheumatoid arthritis. Among 98 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis not selected for severity, 4.1% were Z heterozygotes compared with 1.3% of control children, not a statistically significant difference. Reduced concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin in Z heterozygotes may be inadequate to inhibit the proteolytic enzymes released into the joints of adults with rheumatoid arthritis during phagocytosis of immune complexes. This may be a factor promoting severe joint destruction. PMID- 6988117 TI - Detection of HLA antigens on progeria syndrome fibroblasts. AB - It has been suggested that cultured skin fibroblasts derived from patients with progeria, a premature aging syndrome, have absent or markedly reduced HLA antigen expression, thus implicating a possible immunological role in the pathogenesis of this disease. An analysis of HLA expression in nine progeric fibroblast strains and related familial strains is reported. Normal HLA expression and inheritance were found. No significant association between HLA type and progeria was detected. Therefore, we conclude an abnormality of HLA expression is unlikely to be an underlying defect in progeria. PMID- 6988118 TI - Proteinuria in congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. AB - The pattern of urinary protein excretion was followed for 2 to 19 months in 15 children with the congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. The duration of the disease and the renal histopathological changes were correlated with the urinary total protein and albumin excretion, the sieving coefficients of five proteins, the selectivity angle based on relative clearances of four proteins, and the excretion of beta-2-microglobulin. Total urinary protein excretion increased with time; in general, the proteinuria was of glomerular type and highly selective. With advancing histological lesions selectivity declined corresponding to the increases in individual sieving coefficients, and there were signs of secondary tubular impairment as shown by increased beta-2-microglobulin excretion. Of the histopathological changes, tubular atrophy correlated best with the various measures of proteinuria. The findings support the concept of a primary glomerular disease with secondary tubular injury. PMID- 6988119 TI - Effects of zinc in chronic hemodialysis. AB - Ten male patients requiring maintenance hemodialysis were given zinc in the dialysate (400 micrograms/liter) or placebo in a double-blind crossover experiment. Sexual activity, depression ratings, and hematocrit were unchanged while subjective appreciation of food taste and smell was significantly less during zinc than placebo condition. No patients who were sexually inactive while receiving placebo became sexually active while receiving zinc. PMID- 6988120 TI - Immune complexes and reflux nephropathy. PMID- 6988121 TI - Hypouricemia due to an isolated defect in renal tubular urate reabsorption. AB - During investigation of chronic glomerulonephritis, a 24-year-old man was found to have a low serum urate concentration (0.6-1.3 mg/100 ml). Daily urinary excretion of urate and oxypurines was normal. His urate clearance was markedly increased (43.3-98.0 ml/min), and was substantially unchanged after both the administration of pyrazinamide, an inhibitor of the renal tubular secretion of uric acid, and the administration of probenecid, an inhibitor of the renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid. No other renal tubular abnormalities were detected. It was concluded that the patient had an isolated defect in the renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid. The patient's brother was also found to have hypouricemia due to renal uricosuria, suggesting a genetic origin of the defect. PMID- 6988123 TI - Removal of uremic toxins and regeneration of hemofiltrate by a selective dual hemofiltration artificial kidney (SEDUFARK) system. AB - A new system for the treatment of patients with end-stage renal failure has been developed. The SElective DUal Filtration ARtificial Kidney (SEDUFARK) is based on a dual filtration technique combined with low flow dialysis. Primary hemofiltrate containing large molecular weight substances is regenerated through a second filter followed by dialysis before the fluid containing essential substances of low molecular weight is returned to the patient. The ability of SEDUFARK to purify blood from uremic patients has been evaluated using a human macrophage assay system. Uremic plasma post SEDUFARK treatment was significantly less toxic than matched pre treatment plasma and the SEDUFARK regeneration system was found superior to conventional hemofiltration treatment. PMID- 6988122 TI - The predictive value of percutaneous biopsies from human renal allografts with early impaired function. AB - A semiquantitative histological analysis was performed on 84 percutaneous biopsies 0-60 days post transplant from 66 grafts with clinical rejection, decreasing graft function of unknown etiology or persisting anuria. The presence of 1 or more of 3 histological lesions was associated with 100% graft loss within 1 year. The lesions were: infarction, glomerular capillary thrombosis, and arterial/arteriolar thrombosis. Since the detection of these severe lesions only permitted prediction of an unfavourable course in 72% of all grafts that were subsequently lost, a system was elaborated utilizing the sum of scores of 12 histological and 4 clinical parameters. This system failed to improve the prognostic value of the biopsy since diagnostic specificity as well as sensitivity was slightly lower by this method. The conclusion is that a graft biopsy performed during early graft failure has a high predictive value for graft loss if infarction, arterial thrombosis or glomerular capillary thrombosis is present; however the predictive value of a negative test is low. PMID- 6988124 TI - Effects of childbirth preparation. PMID- 6988125 TI - Hallmarks of fetal growth and development. PMID- 6988126 TI - Special considerations in the management of preterm labor. PMID- 6988127 TI - Neonatal management. PMID- 6988128 TI - Epidemiology of preterm delivery. AB - 1. Defining prematurity as applying to LBW infants of less than 37 weeks' gestation and classifying those LBW infants of greater than 37 weeks as having IUGR provides an improved means of analyzing different risk factors. 2. In accordance with the method of D'Angelo and Sokol, risk factors have been assigned to the various disease entities and social factors (8). 3. There is a suspicion in some disease entities, such as chronic hypertension, that prematurity is of equal frequency to IUGR, and in others, such as renal disease, that IUGR may not be increased at all, at least in term or near-term gestation. A reevaluation of the relationship of some disease entities to IUGR and prematurity is needed, probably in the sophisticated manner of Hoffman et al (15). PMID- 6988129 TI - Introital operations for dyspareunia. PMID- 6988130 TI - Conservative management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - A brief review of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has been presented. Attempts have been made to identify the high-risk patient, and etiologic considerations have been detailed. The conservative management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is available and applicable to many patients. Regardless of the definitive therapy used in CIN, it is absolutely mandatory that proper pretreatment evaluation be performed. This includes cytology, colposcopy, colposcopy-directed biopsies, and clinical examination to rule out invasive cancer. If this can be done according to the stated criteria, one may proceed with outpatient treatment. If performed accurately, such treatment can be very effective, saving the patient a major surgical procedure. This is of tremendous benefit to the patient in time and money saved, as well as to the saving of hospital bed space and operating-room time. For the young patient who has not yet completed her family or the patient who is pregnant, outpatient evaluation is probably the optimal method. If the techniques are unavailable or the physician managing the patient does not have the expertise to perform them, standard management by means of conization, which historically has been used in this disease, should continue to be used. The consequence of inadequate outpatient management of CIN can be catastrophic. If the procedures are properly followed, then the patient with CIN can be managed safely and effectively. PMID- 6988131 TI - Staging or restaging laparotomy in early-stage epithelial cancer of the ovary. PMID- 6988132 TI - Physiology of uterine activity. PMID- 6988133 TI - Diagnosis of prematurity and premature labor. PMID- 6988134 TI - Maternal administration of glucocorticoids. AB - No definite comment can be made, at this time, with respect to the safety of glucocorticoid therapy in the human fetus and newborn. Obstetricians and pediatricians need to be aware of the potential risks. Whether the fetal changes that have been reported thus far are permanent and whether they will have any postnatal functional significance are questions of major importance. Probably the greatest risk associated with antenatal steroid therapy is the potential abuse of this treatment. Longer treatment periods or higher doses of steroids will increase the risk for potentially adverse side effects. The recently stated opinion of Taeusch et al seems appropriate: "We conclude that steroids are effective in reducing risk of RDS, but safer and more efficacious approaches for the prevention of RDS should be sought" (91). Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids and their risk/benefit ratios in regard to fetal and neonatal well being. PMID- 6988138 TI - Symposium on myocutaneous flaps. PMID- 6988139 TI - Musculocutaneous free flaps. PMID- 6988136 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of digoxin 1980. PMID- 6988137 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of quinidine. AB - The elimination of quinidine is accomplished by a combination of renal excretion of the intact drug (15 to 40% of total clearance) and hepatic biotransformation to a variety of metabolites (60 to 85% of total clearance). Many of the metabolites appear to be pharmacologically active. Typical ranges for kinetic properites of quinidine in healthy persons are: apparent volume of distribution 2.0 to 3.5 litres/kg; elimination half-life 5 to 12 hours; clearance, 2.5 to 5.0 ml/min/kg. Quinidine clearance is reduced in the elderly, in patients with cirrhosis, and in those with congestive heart failure. Oral quinidine is available either as relatively rapidly absorbed conventional tablets (usually quinidine sulphate) or as a variety of slowly absorbed sustained release preparations. Absolute systemic availability generally is 70% or greater. Quinidine is 70 to 95% bound to plasma protein, primarily to albumin but also to a number of other plasma constituents. Binding is reduced in patients with cirrhosis, partly because of hypoalbuminaemia, but is not influenced by renal insufficiency. Clinical interpretation of total serum or plasma quinidine concentrations must be altered in patients with reduced or increased binding, since it is the unbound fraction which is pharmacologically active. PMID- 6988140 TI - Complications of musculocutaneous flaps. PMID- 6988141 TI - Advances in muscle and musculocutaneous flaps. AB - The use of the muscle and musculocutaneous unit as a reconstructive tool by the plastic and reconstructive surgeon is expanding to all body regions. The initial four basic factors required in use of the muscle flap for reconstructive surgery now include such modifications as: (1) transfer of the sensory nerve to the musculocutaneous unit with the flap for sensory preservation; (2) use of minor vascular pedicles as a point of rotation for certain muscle flaps, (3) use of combinations of more than one muscle flap with common proximal vascular supply; and (4) transfer of the bony origin of the muscle unit with the muscle flap. Refinements and further additions to this list are demonstrated throughout this text and will certainly increase as the muscle flap is adapted for use in coverage of difficult wounds. An accurate knowledge of the vascular anatomy of muscles will allow safe modifications in the design of the muscle and musculocutaneous unit by the reconstructive surgeon. PMID- 6988142 TI - Gracilis myocutaneous and muscle flaps. PMID- 6988143 TI - The recent history of myocutaneous flaps. PMID- 6988144 TI - The gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap. AB - Medial and lateral gastrocnemius flaps are large flaps that can be taken in the lower extremity with no delay. They have a wide arc of rotation from above the patella in the thigh to the upper portion of the lower tibia. Both flaps can be taken simultaneously. They can cover extremely large defects of the anterior leg or knee. The use of these flaps with their ready availability, excellent blood supply, and wide range of coverage has tremendously facilitated immediate correction of severe injuries of the knee and lower leg. PMID- 6988146 TI - Extended muscle and musculocutaneous flaps. PMID- 6988145 TI - The tensor fascia lata flap. PMID- 6988147 TI - The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap: a one-stage breast reconstruction. AB - As an alternative to multistaged tube pedicle flap breast reconstruction, we present a reliable, one-stage method of breast reconstruction using the latissimus dorsi muscle and musculocutaneous flap. Based on our experience with 200 falps over the last three years, we believe that the latissimus dorsi flap is a safe and effective operation for supplying skin and muscle tissue for breast reconstruction. PMID- 6988135 TI - Drug excretion in human breast milk: principles, pharmacokinetics and projected consequences. AB - The excretion of drugs in human breast milk is reviewed with regard to milk production, composition, feeding patterns and mechanisms of drug transfer into milk. Fundamental principles of breast milk excretion are used to construct a pharmacokinetic approach useful for the study of most drugs. An infant-modulated 3-compartment open model is proposed for drug distribution and elimination in the breast feeding woman. Milk/plasma drug concentration ratios are projected on the basis of pH partitioning. While some studies confirm these projections, other studies demonstrate a need to consider additional factors such as lipid solubility and protein binding characteristics of a drug in milk. Data are lacking for most drugs and hence dosing via milk or risk to the infant remains speculative. Very few pharmacokinetic studies of both milk and infant plasma were found. A review of selected drug classes cites available information as a basis for future studies. Few drugs are contraindicated in breast feeding women, but supportive data for either proscriptions or permissive statements are often lacking. A neglected but potentially serious infant risk--impaired behaviour and development--is discussed from the standpoint of emerging animal data. Conceptually valid and comprehensive studies on drug excretion in breast milk are needed if this valuable nutrient for infants is to be made available safely. PMID- 6988148 TI - Breast reconstruction. PMID- 6988149 TI - Pectoralis major, sternomastoid, and other musculocutaneous flaps for head and neck reconstruction. AB - The development of the new myocutaneous flaps has ushered in an era of one-stage reconstructions that have already changed the patterns of surgery for head and neck cancer. The availability, the technical ease of the surgical procedures, and the reliability of these compound flaps make them very attractive for widespread use for reconstructions at a variety of sites. The experience gained from the use of these new flaps has confirmed their safety and versatility. They have decreased the disability and shortened the hospital stay for these patients. PMID- 6988150 TI - Musculocutaneous flaps: principles. AB - Several aspects must be considered in the performance of muscle and musculocutaneous flaps. Some of the most important are not at all related to the technical elevation and manipulation of the individual flap. It is hoped that this brief outline will prove beneficial to many successful future reconstructive applications of these flaps. Never before has the discerning reconstructive surgeon been required to consider so many ingenious options and apply them with such perception. Certainly, the future of reconstructive surgery is secure if we respond reasonably and knowledgeably. PMID- 6988151 TI - 'End-points in cancer therapy' the Glyn Evans memorial lecture of the Royal College of Radiologists. PMID- 6988153 TI - A Colorado country doctor. PMID- 6988152 TI - Nutritional effects on thyroid and catecholamine metabolism. PMID- 6988154 TI - The workings of MEDLINE. PMID- 6988155 TI - Newer antihypertensive agents. AB - There are very few areas of clinical pharmacology being pursued as vigorously as hypertension. Numerous new drugs are being discovered and tested both in United States and overseas. The most promising new antihypertensive drugs seem to fall into the angiotensin-renin blocker group and those affecting the sodium-volume axis in hypertensive patients. We can look forward to newer agents that are efficacious as monotherapy and on a daily or twice daily dosage regimen for the treatment of the vast majority of hypertensive patients. There is further hope that preoperative evaluation with angiotensin blockers in patients with renovascular hypertension may improve the predictability of successful renal bypass surgery. PMID- 6988156 TI - Controversies in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 6988158 TI - A plea for common standards in computer aided ECG analysis. PMID- 6988157 TI - The rise and fall of the medical officer of health. PMID- 6988159 TI - Reconstruction of an arbitrary cross section from the serial drawings of a stereotaxic brain atlas. AB - A method is described for the reconstruction of arbitrary cross section from the serial line drawings of a stereotaxic brain atlas. Mathematically, the problem reduces to the intersection of a plane with a line pattern lying in another plane. However, the calculation yields a cloud of points, often confusing and unusable for the surgeon. Because it is impossible to link correctly all the calculated points in all cases [1,2], we propose a method where the number of points is drastically reduced: only regions of interest are depicted, i.e., the area where the electrode point is situated and the neighbouring regions. Instead of points, symbols are displayed, each symbol representing a different region. The efficiency of the method is shown using an atlas simulation of four intersecting spheres in the three dimensional space, Although the procedure is useful for all stereotaxic brain atlasses, a practical example is given where the poor quality of the reconstructed images does not allow good interpretation. PMID- 6988160 TI - Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma: a potentially curable disease. PMID- 6988161 TI - Seventy-five years of American medical education: perceptions and reflections. PMID- 6988162 TI - Membrane immunoglobulins of vertebrate lymphocytes. PMID- 6988163 TI - Molecular interactions and recognition specificity of surface receptors. PMID- 6988164 TI - Discrimination of self and non-self in invertebrates. PMID- 6988165 TI - Phylogeny of the emergence of T-B collaboration in humoral immunity. PMID- 6988166 TI - A renaissance of CPR research. PMID- 6988167 TI - Effects of PEEP and of increased frequency of ventilation during CPR. AB - Previous reports have attributed increased carotid blood flow to lung ventilation during CPR. This study was undertaken to determine whether PEEP (20 torr airway pressure) or increased frequency of ventilation (3:1) improved arterial pressure, flow, and blood gases. Thirty-three domestic pigs were studied using three protocols (standard 5:1 CPR, 5:1 CPR plus PEEP, 3:1 CPR) distributed such that comparisons could be made between groups as well as within the same pig. For intrapig comparisons, PO2 was significantly improve (p less than 0.05) by PEEP (delta PO2 = 9.7 +/- 13.0 torr). PCO2 was significantly less (p less than 0.005) for 3:1 compared to 5:1 (delta PCO2 = -4.7 +/- 2.1 torr). For group comparisons, PO2 was 55.5 +/- 12.9 torr without and 70.1 +/- 16.3 torr with PEEP (p less than 0.025). For 3:1, PO2 was 66.3 +/- 11.6 torr that was greater (p less than 0.10) than for 5:1. When ventilation was temporarily halted, phasic changes in flow with ventilation were replaced by nearly constant flow approximately equal to maximal flow when ventilation was provided. PEEP and more frequent ventilation improved blood oxygenation but at the expense of carotid blood flow. PMID- 6988168 TI - Xeroradiography--an in-depth review. AB - Xeroradiology has been reviewed from the earliest description of charged powder imaging by Lichtenberg in 1977 through its more recent development and widespread use. The principles of photoconductivity, selenium characteristics, and edge enhancement were explained, and the basic components and operation of xeroradiographic equipment were outlined. Xeroradiography has achieved its greatest usefulness in mammography and the evaluation of breast disease. Although early workers in the field were discouraged by the relatively primitive nature of the equipment, Wolfe, by his persistent investigation, demonstrated the value of xeroradiography. He proposed the following advantages over film mammography: ease of interpretation; more information on one image; a more rapid, dry developing process; less irradiation required than nonscreen industrial type film; and probably greater accuracy. Each of these factors were reviewed in detail, type film; and probably greater accuracy. Each of these factors were reviewed in detail, and the factors influencing dose reduction were elaborated. The application of xeroradiography to nearly every aspect of diagnostic radiology has been attempted. Areas of greatest effectiveness include the evaluation of the pharyngeal and laryngeal structures of the head and neck, foreign body detection in soft tissues, verification of radiotherapy beam coverage and treatment field, detection of soft tissue tumors and some bone tumors for soft tissue components, and visualization of the smaller skeletal structures of the extremities. Because of radiation dosage limitations, xeroradiography cannot, at present, be used for routine examinations of the thicker body portions, the chest, or the abdomen. Investigations are continuing into methods of increasing the sensitivity of the process, thereby hopefully significantly reducing the radiation dose and allowing more widespread use of xeroradiography in these areas. PMID- 6988169 TI - A controlled trial of different treatment regimens in patients with urinary tract infections after lower urinary tract surgery. AB - One hundred and four patients who developed urinary tract infections after catheterization for acute retention of urine and surgery of the bladder or urethra were randomly allocated to four treatment groups. Analysis of the results in 65 patients showed that co-trimoxazole and 1 g cephradine administered twice daily for 1 week were successful in eradicating the urinary tract infections in 93% and 88% of the patients, respectively. The same dose of cephradine administered 4-times a day eradicated 64% of the infections. In patients for whom no treatment was given, the original infection did not clear in 65%. Escherichia coli and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the commonest infecting organisms. The in vitro sensitivity testing of antibiotics did not correlate well with the successful eradication of the infecting organism. PMID- 6988170 TI - Single-dose cefuroxime in the prophylaxis of abdominal wound sepsis. AB - A double-blind study was carried out to investigate the prophylactic use of single-dose cefuroxime in elective abdominal surgery. Twenty-three patients received 1.5 g cefuroxime by intravenous injection immediately prior to induction of anaesthesia; 24 patients received no antibiotics. In the cefuroxime group, there were no cases of post-operative wound sepsis or septicaemia; in the control group, the incidence of these infections was 12.5% and 8.3% respectively. PMID- 6988171 TI - A three-part controlled study of trimebutine in the treatment of irritable colon syndrome. AB - Three controlled trials were carried out in patients with irritable bowel syndrome to assess the effectiveness of trimebutine in controlling the symptoms of abdominal distension, pain, flatulence, constipation, diarrhoea and dyspepsia. In the first two trials, it was shown that 200 mg trimebutine 3-times daily for 3 days produced rapid relief of symptoms and was significantly (p less than 0.001) more effective than placebo, but not significantly so when the dosage level was halved. In the third trial, the results showed that 200 mg trimebutine 3-times daily for 2 weeks was as effective as 100 mg mebeverine 4-times daily in relieving the major symptoms and in improving motility. No serious side-effects were reported with trimebutine at the dosage used. PMID- 6988172 TI - Double-blind trial of feprazone and phenylbutazone in acute gout. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out in 24 patients with acute gout to compare the efficacy and tolerance of feprazone, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, with that of phenylbutazone. Patients received 800 mg of either drug daily for 2 days and then 600 mg daily for up to 8 days. The results of patient assessment showed there was no significant difference between the two groups in time taken either to significant improvement or to final resolution of the gout attack. No side-effects were reported with either drug. PMID- 6988174 TI - Analgesic effect of ciramadol in patients with chronic pain. AB - A double-blind, crossover study was carried out in 15 patients with chronic pain due to cancer to assess the effectiveness of two different doses of a new analgesic, ciramadol, compared with placebo. Patients received single oral doses of the three medications, in random order, on successive days. Assessments of pain intensity and relief were made on a 4-point rating scale at hourly intervals for 4 hours after the dose. The results showed that ciramadol produced significantly more pain relief than did placebo and this analgesic effect increased with the dose administered. Peak activity was observed at about 2 hours, and pain relief was still marked at 4 hours. No side-effects were reported. PMID- 6988175 TI - Double-blind clinical trial of a nitrofurantoin/sulphadiazine combination at two dosage levels in acute symptomatic urinary infections. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out in 177 patients with acute symptomatic urinary tract infections to assess the efficacy and tolerability of nitrofurantoin plus sulphadiazine at two dosage levels. Patients were allocated, at random, to receive 7-days' treatment with either 50 mg nitrofurantoin plus 150 mg sulphadiazine 3-times daily or 100 mg nitrofurantoin plus 500 mg sulphadiazine 3-times daily, and were followed-up 10 to 14 days later. Only the 73 (41%) patients with significant bacteriuria on entry were included in the analysis of the efficacy results. There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatments either in bacteriological cure rates, which were approximately 90% in both groups, or in the complete or partial resolution of symptoms, recorded in over 90% of patients at the 2-week follow-up visit. The main side effects recorded were anorexia, nausea, vomiting and/or headache, and were fewer in the group treated with the lower dosage. PMID- 6988173 TI - A clinical trial of oral clenbuterol (NAB 365) in chronic airways obstruction. AB - A new oral bronchodilator, clenbuterol, was compared with terbutaline during a 5 week single-blind crossover study in 16 patients with chronic airways obstruction and with cough and sputum production. After a run-in period (1 week), the study was performed in two separated 2-week periods (Phase II and Phase IV), separated by a 1-week drug-free period. Oral clenbuterol was administered at 20 to 30 micrograms 3-times daily, oral terbutaline at 2.5 to 5 mg 3-times daily. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was measured at the beginning and end of Phase II and Phase IV under baseline conditions, and 1 hour after an oral dose of clenbuterol or terbutaline. Parents recorded subjective and objective information in a daily diary and used no bronchidilator therapy for 12 hours before each visit. Clenbuterol and terbutaline significantly improved baseline FEV1 and the bronchodilator effects of single oral doses were similar. The mean dyspnoea, cough and sputum score values after treatments were lower than during the wash-out period (p less than 0.05). Tremors were noted in 6 patients on clenbuterol and 5 on terbutaline. It is suggested that clenbuterol is a good alternative oral drug for treatment of chronic airways obstruction. PMID- 6988176 TI - A randomized, double-blind therapeutic trial of 0.25% desoxymethasone and 0.1% hydrocortisone 17-butyrate in the treatment of varicose eczema. AB - A double-blind, randomized trial was carried out in 60 patients with varicose (hypostatic) eczema to compare the efficacy and tolerance of treatment with 0.25% desoxymethasone in an oily cream base, the oily cream base alone, and 0.1% hydrocortisone 17-butyrate cream. The creams were applied twice daily and patients' progress followed for up to 38 days. Clinical ratings based on an assessment of individual signs and symptoms, the area of skin involved and the physician's overall impression demonstrated a significant difference from the oily cream base in favour of both active treatments within the first 10 days. No significant difference between the two active treatments was shown. All three treatments were well tolerated by the patients. PMID- 6988177 TI - Cicatricial pemphigoid confined to the larynx. AB - The main features linking and yet distinguishing bullous pemphigoid from cicatricial pemphigoid have been discussed. This report demonstrates the usefulness of direct immunofluorescence study in establishing a diagnosis of cicatricial pemphigoid when lesions are confined to a single and unusual site such as the larynx. PMID- 6988179 TI - A priori and a posteriori knowledge in medicine. PMID- 6988178 TI - Do no harm--cheaply. PMID- 6988180 TI - Depression of cardiac output is a mechanism of shunt reduction in the therapy of acute respiratory failure. AB - The relationship between changes in cardiac output and intrapulmonary shunt associated with mechanical ventilation was evaluated in 20 patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The distribution of ventilation perfusion (VA/Q) ratios and the level of intrapulmonary shunt was determined by the multiple inert gas technique. Pulmonary blood flow was distributed predominantly to either effective gas-exchanging units or shunt units. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or high tidal volume ventilation led to decreases in shunt and cardiac output without altering the overall pattern of VA/Q distributions. Changes in shunt and cardiac output were quantitatively and qualitatively silimar and a strong correlation was found between changes in shunt and cardiac output with both PEEP and high tidal volumes (r = 0.76). Cardiac output depression associated with tese modes of ventilation appears to be a mechanism of shunt reduction in ARDS. Interpretation of improvements in gas exchange in ARDS must take into account concomitant hemodynamic changes. PMID- 6988181 TI - In vitro evaluation of alaphosphin (Ro 03-7008) against Serratia marcescens. AB - Alaphosphin (Ro 03--7008; S-alanyl-R-1-aminoethyl-phosphonic acid) proved active against most of 53 strains of Serratia marcescens tested. The majority of strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml of the drug; concentrations of greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml of Ro 03--7008 were required for adequate killing of most of the assay strains. This drug revealed comparable in vitro activity, including killing kinetics, in a defined medium (RST2 broth) and in clean-voided urine specimens from human volunteers, but was antagonized by conventionally employed broth media, human serum, and human thoracic and abdominal fluids. The inoculum effect against the control Escherichia coli strain ATCC 25922 proved marked. The 'skipped tube (well) phenomenon' was encountered not uncommonly in microtiter broth susceptibility tests and in checkerboard combination assays. The combination of alaphosphin with either carbenicillin or a cephalosporin, i. e., cefamandole, yielded an additive effect against S. marcescens; in contrast, indifferent effects were observed when Ro 03--7008 had been combined with gentamicin, nalidixic acid, polymyxin B, and rifampin, respectively. PMID- 6988182 TI - pH dependency in uptake of sulfonamides by bacteria. AB - Sulfonamide-sensitive cells of Escherichia coli were incubated under standarized conditions with various sulfonamides and the quantity of sulfonamide uptake into the bacteria measured. The test substances reached a higher concentration inside the bacteria than in the incubation medium, the degree of accumulation varying for the individual substances despite uniformly applied incubation conditions. In all cases a pH dependency was detected which varied with the pKa values of the substances tested. On the basis of the pKa dependency of the pH effect, the sulfonamide uptake can be interpreted as being a passive diffusion process. Knowing the intracellular pH value, which was determined by the DMO method, it was then possible to calculate the theoretically expected value for the accumulation as a concentration coefficient. Since the calculated and experimentally determined values differ approximately by a factor of 2, an intracellular binding of the sulfonamides is assumed. The same results were obtained in cells of sulfonamide-resistant E. coli strains. PMID- 6988183 TI - In vitro synergism between tetracyclines and antimalarials. AB - The in vitro activity of various tetracyclines and antimalarials alone and in combinations against 20 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli was investigated. The minimum inhibition concentration of the tetracyclines ranged from 1.2 to 160 micrograms/ml. Demeclocycline was the highest in activity. The antimalarials were ineffective. Variable percentage of strains responded to the synergistic effect of the various antibiotics-drugs combinations. Strains which are relatively insensitive to the tetracyclines did not respond to the synergistic effect of the combinations. The bactericidal effect of the combinations was shown by the enhanced rate of killing that occurred at 6 h. Synergism was reversed by divalent cations. PMID- 6988185 TI - [Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistant falciparum malaria from Cambodia]. PMID- 6988184 TI - A study of clavulanate-amoxicillin synergy using a triple layer technique and enzymatic neutralization. AB - The in vitro study of the amoxicillin-clavulanate association has been carried out using a triple layer technique by means of paper strips which show a T configuration. Synergy observation proves to be most favorable with the following reservoir load: (a) when the latter is sufficiently low so that the inhibiting effect of the clavulanate and amoxicillin, taken in isolation, becomes weak or nil; (b) when the ratio between the two substances is amoxicillin 5, clavulanate 1. Under such conditions, the inhibition of the bacterial growth occurs solely in the confluence area of the substances. The neutralization of amoxicillin through penicillinase respectively after 4, 6 and 24 h of incubation makes possible an appraisal of the bactericidal action of the association. PMID- 6988186 TI - [Prognosis of malignant skin melanoma]. PMID- 6988187 TI - [Increased success rate of renal transplantation by HLA-DR-typing: a retrospective analysis of the South-German co-operative study group for renal transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - Retrospective HLA-DR-typing and the influence of HLA-DR antigen on transplantation prognosis was studied in 90 kidney donor-recipient pairs. It was clearly demonstrated that HLA-DR compatible donor kidney provides a significantly better transplant prognosis than if there is HLA-DR incompatibility. Donor kidneys with only one identical HLA-DR antigen gave a six-month survival rate of 80%. Only HLA-AB identical cadaver kidneys ("full house identity") give similar survival times. Because of relatively lower polymorphism of the HLA-DR alloantigen system, HLA-DR identical donor organs are discovered more frequently than when HLA-AB antigens are taken into consideration. HLA-DR identical donor kidneys (identical for both HLA-DR antigens) have an even better transplant prognosis than "full house identical" kidneys, since the survival rate in the former is 87% after six months. PMID- 6988188 TI - [Dosage and control of thrombolysis therapy using urokinase]. PMID- 6988189 TI - [Oral insulin therapy?]. PMID- 6988190 TI - [Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the lung in cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - In an 8-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the lung was diagnosed. Pot-plant soil as reservior of Aspergillus fumigatus was shown to be the source of inhalable Aspergillus fumigatus units within the clinic. Cystic fibrosis mucus of the patient acted as nutritive substrate for Aspergillus fumigatus. Consequent exclusion of pot plants in housing and hospital rooms is considered necessary for prevention of Aspergillus fumigatus infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6988191 TI - [Extraglandular causes of hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6988193 TI - [Indications for 24-hour-ECG-registration. Holter monitoring]. PMID- 6988192 TI - [Werner Wachsmuth's 80th anniversary]. PMID- 6988194 TI - [Methods of temporary electrostimulation in therapy of tachycard arrhythmias]. PMID- 6988195 TI - [Drug therapy of euthyreotic struma]. PMID- 6988196 TI - Halothane hepatitis: what's new? PMID- 6988199 TI - Common errors in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6988198 TI - Laxatives: clinical pharmacology and rational use. PMID- 6988197 TI - The pharmacological role of the kidney. AB - Renal function can modify the relationship between drug dose and clinical effect in a variety of ways. Effects on absorption, distribution volume and elimination influence the concentration of drug attained in blood. Consequently, such effects can often be detected and/or prevented by monitoring of serum concentrations of drugs. However, such monitoring alone is insufficient for optimum therapeutic use of drugs and must be accompanied by clinical monitoring of endpoints of efficacy and toxicity, since the relationship between the concentration of drug in serum and response may also be changed. Accumulation of active metabolites that are not measured by conventional drug assays makes interpretation of serum concentrations of drugs such as procainamide particularly hazardous. Effects of renal function on the relationship between amounts of drug in blood and response can only be detected by assessing endpoints of pharmacological effect. Since renal function can affect drug disposition by such a wide variety of mechanisms, the astute clinician must be aware of these potential mechanisms to make best use of his clinical skills and laboratory armamentarium for the benefit of his patients. PMID- 6988202 TI - Diflunisal: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in pain and musculoskeletal strains and sprains and pain in osteoarthritis. AB - Diflunisal is a salicylic acid derivative with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. It has been studied in osteoarthritis, pain resulting from musculoskeketal sprains and strains and from minor surgery and cancer. The duration of its analgesic effect is longer than that of aspirin and diflunisal is effective when given twice daily. Diflunisal is not metabolised to salicylic acid and has a lesser effect than aspirin on platelet function in vivo. In osteoarthritis, diflunisal appears comparable in efficacy to moderate doses of aspirin (2 to 3g daily), but is better tolerated. It has not been compared with the most active phenylalkanoic acid derivatives such as naproxen in adequate numbers of patients. Diflunisal is comparable with glafenine in pain and with propoxyphene/paracetamol combinations and oxyphenbutazone in pain and in musculoskeletal strains and sprains. As with other non-steroidal agents, gastrointestinal complaints are the most frequently reported side effects. PMID- 6988201 TI - Acute otitis media: diagnosis and drug therapy. AB - Diagnostic criteria for acute otitis media have become more precise with recent improvements in the otoscope and emphasis on meticulous aural toilet and careful observation of the ossicular landmarks, contour and mobility of the tympanic membrane. The treatment of the acute phase of the disease poses few therapeutic difficulties. There are many alternative antibacterial agents which have proven effective against the common middle ear pathogens. However, each drug or combination has indications and associated problems. Middle ear effusion is the most frequent sequelae of acute otitis media occurring after approximately 50% of cases in younger children. Between 5 to 10% of these effusions persist in excess of 3 months. There is intense interest in the prevention of recurrent acute otitis media (in otitis-prone children) by chemoprophylaxis, immunisation or assuring continuous middle ear ventilation by tympanostomy tube insertion. Several major projects are underway to evaluate the role of decongestants in acute middle ear disease. PMID- 6988200 TI - Miconazole: a preliminary review of its therapeutic efficacy in systemic fungal infections. AB - Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal drug which has recently become available for systemic use. Its antifungal activity has been well studied and it is active in vitro against a wide range of fungi. Published and unpublished reports of the use of miconazole in conditions such as systemic or mucocutaneous candidosis, coccidioidomycosis, fungal meningitis, and paracoccidioidomycosis (which seems especially responsive) have often been encouraging, particularly in view of the serious, refractory nature of the conditions treated, but in most areas of use experience is limited. There are few effective drugs available for treating most systemic fungal infections, and if further studies confirm the encouraging results often seen to date, miconazole will be an important addition to the limited choices available for such conditions. PMID- 6988205 TI - Effects of estrogen on luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in a hypothalamic synaptosomal fraction from the ovariectomized rat. AB - Previous investigations have shown that hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) is localized within a subcellular fraction eqivalent or similar to the synaptosome or nerve ending particle. In the present study, the ovariectomized adult rat was employed to investigate the effects of estrogen on the distribution of LHRH among various subcellular fractions of the hypothalamus. In addition, the liberation of LHRH from a synaptosomal fraction by repeated freeze-thaw cycles was examined before and after in vivo estrogen treatment. Following a single injection of 5 micrograms of estradiol benzoate (EB), the LHRH concentration of the synaptosomal fraction rose as much as 100% in 27 h. Increasing the dose of EB to 50 micrograms shortened the latency of the rise and prolonged its duration, but did not alter its magnitude compared to the lower dose. Furthermore, the LHRH in that synaptosomal fraction was significantly more resistant to solubilization by repetitive freezing and thawing than the LHRH in a synaptosomal fraction from rats which had not received EB. These observations led us to conclude that estrogens can alter the physical properties of the hypothalamic LHRH-containing particles or the storage form of the peptide within those particles so that it is less easily released. This phenomenon may represent one aspect of the regulatory effects of estrogens on hypothalamic LHRH secretion. PMID- 6988204 TI - Evidence for proteolysis during purification of relaxin from pregnant sow ovaries. AB - The proteolytic degradation of relaxin during its isolation from pregnant sow ovaries has been examined. Ovaries from pregnant sows were selected and divided into three groups according to the stages of pregnancy. Each group was extracted with and without protease inhibitors. It was found that protease(s) were present in all groups of ovaries and that a 2-4 fold increase in yield of total relaxin was obtained when isolation and purification was carried out in the presence of protease inhibitors. However the ratio of the three forms of relaxin remain unchanged. PMID- 6988203 TI - Colestipol: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. AB - Colestipol is an anion exchange resin with bile acid sequestering properties resembling those of cholestyramine, another lipid-lowering binding resin. In daily doses of 15 to 30g colestipol reduces total plasma cholesterol concentrations (primarily low density lipoprotein cholesterol) by about 15 to 30%, but plasma triglyceride concentrations may be unchanged or in some patients increased. Thus, like cholestyramine, colestipol is of benefit in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia without associated hypertriglyceridaemia (type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia). Colestipol is odourless and tasteless, and is said by some to be more readily tolerated by patients than cholestyramine, leading to improved compliance, but such data has not been documented in most studies. Side effects of colestipol treatment are primarily gastrointestinal in nature since the drug is essentially unabsorbed. As with cholestyramine, colestipol may bind with other concomitantly administered drugs reducing their absorption or enterohepatic recirculation; dosage intervals of other concurrent medications should be adjusted to minimise the potential for such an interaction. PMID- 6988206 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-induced luteinizing hormone secretion in vitro: cyclic changes in responsiveness and self-priming. PMID- 6988207 TI - Effect of castration and steroid replacement on immunoreactive gonadotropin releasing hormone in hypothalamus and preoptic area. PMID- 6988208 TI - Glucagon release induced by ventrolateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat. AB - Catheterization of the portal vein and stereotaxic implantation of electrodes in the ventrolateral hypothalamus (VLH) were performed in normal rats after thiopental anesthesia. Immunoreactive glucagon (IRG), insulin (IRI), And glucose were monitored in portal plasma before and during electrical stimulation of the VLH (6 micro A, 50 Hz, 2 msec each, for 15 min). This stimulation induced a significant and reproducible IRG rise, followed by hyperglycemia. IRI remained unchanged. These alterations were not observed in control rats, i.e. in the absence of implantation; after VLH implantation without stimulation; or after implantation in the hippocampus or in the nucleus lenticularis. Bilateral splanchnicectomy abolished the IRG rise and hyperglycemia which followed VLH stimulation, while IRI was elevated both before and during electrical stimulation. Bilateral vagotomy did not suppress the A cell response to VLH stimulation, and it significantly reduced the IRI concentration in both basal and stimulatory periods. This resulted in sustained hyperglycemia. Attempts at total denervation of the pancreas induced patterns similar to that observed after splanchnicectomy alone. These results suggest that stimulation of the VLH can influence the endocrine pancreas and blood glucose levels by sympathetic nervous inputs which stimulate A cells and inhibit B cells. PMID- 6988209 TI - [Insulin secretion in women with hyperostosis frontalis interna]. PMID- 6988210 TI - In situ carcinoma of the esophagus. Macroscopic study with particular reference to the Lugol test. AB - The results presented here concern the study of in situ cancer and marked dysplasia revealed during the pathological study of 39 specimens removed during esophagogastrectomy for invasive carcinoma of the esophagus. In 12 cases, macroscopic study made it possible to define precisely the macroscopic features of in situ canccer; in one case, however, the mucous membrane at the site of the in situ cancer was macroscopically normal. The iodine test performed in 37 cases showed that the normal esophageal mucosa is iodine-positive and that in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma are always represented by sharply defined iodine negative zones: in the case in which it was sufficiently extensive, marked dysplasia presented the same iodine-negative character. The possibilities for applying these results to early endoscopic diagnosis of esophageal cancer are presented. PMID- 6988211 TI - Escherichia coli murein transglycosylase. Purification by affinity chromatography and interaction with polynucleotides. AB - Escherichia coli murein transglycosylase, a potential autolysin which splits the sugar chains of the murein sacculus, was rapidly purified from a crude cell extract by sequential chromatography on columns of blue Sepharose and poly(U) Sepharose. In accordance with the binding to blue Sepharose and poly(U) Sepharose, the transglycosylase is inhibited by Cibacron blue F3G-A, the affinity ligand of blue Sepharose, and also by polynucleotides, the latter, however, with varying efficiency. Among the polynucleotides tested, single-stranded DNA was found to be one of the most potent inhibitors. When bound to a blue Sepharose column, transglycosylase could be displaced from the column with single-stranded DNA. Taken together, these results point to a polynucleotide binding area on the transglycosylase molecule. Some aspects of the blue Sepharose affinity chromatography and the possible biological significance of the transglycosylase are discussed. PMID- 6988212 TI - Synthesis and properties of N-acetyl-N'-(p-glyoxylylbenzoyl)cystamine, a new reagent for RNA-RNA and RNA-protein cross-linking. AB - The synthesis of N-acetyl-N'-(p-glyoxylylbenzoyl)cystamine (Gbz-Cyn2-Ac) is described. Like other glyoxal-type reagents it reacts with guanine and arginine. The kinetics and pH dependence of these reactions are studied. (Gbz-Cyn2-Ac) reacts with non-base-paired guanines at about 20 sites in 16-S rRNA. After reduction of disulfide bonds each derivatized guanine residue carries a free -- SH group which can be used to create RNA-RNA bridges or, after introducing an additional photoactivatable derivative, RNA-protein bridges. PMID- 6988213 TI - A simple procedure for covalent immobilization of NADH in a soluble and enzymically active form. AB - Using a new and simplified technique for covalent immobilization of adenine nucleotides [Fuller, C. W. and Bright, H. J., J. Biol. Chem. 252, 6631 (1977)], we have prepared immobilized NADH using two water-soluble polymers and tested these preparations for activity with several dehydrogenases. The first polymer used, having a weight-average molecular weight of about 350000, is a copolymer of methacrylyl choline and the epoxide-containing monomer 3-[4-(2,3 epoxypropoxy)butoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate. Immobilization of NADH onto this copolymer was accomplished in three steps, namely, alkylation of NAD at N-1, reduction of the nicotinamide moiety with dithionite and Dimroth rearrangement of the alkyl linkage from the N-1 to the C-6 amino position. The second copolymer tested was a copolymer of the same epoxide-containing monomer and N-methacrylyl-2 glucosamine. Using this copolymer, immobilization of NADH through the adenine C-6 amino position was accomplished in a single step. Measurements of the steady state kinetics of five dehydrogenases at pH 7 and pH 9 showed that, on the average, V and Km values obtained with the immobilized NADH were, respectively, about one third and twice those found for the free coenzyme. In general, when compared with the free coenzyme, the immobilized NADH had greater relative enzymic reactivity at pH 9 than at pH 7. The simplicity of this method, the general enzymic reactivity, and the ability to be recycled enzymically suggest that this immobilized NADH may be useful in creating enzyme reactors for synthetic, analytical and other purposes. PMID- 6988214 TI - Cell-free synthesis of a flavoprotein containing the 8 alpha-(N3-histidyl) riboflavin linkage. AB - 6-Hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase is an inducible flavorprotein of Arthrobacter oxidans in which one mole of FAD is bound covalently to the polypeptide chain. During cell-free translation of polysomes from nicotine-induced A. oxidans cells in the presence of an Escherichia coli (MRE 600) supernatant fraction, labelled FAD, leucine and histidine were incorporated into 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase in the same ratio found in the enzyme isolated from whole cells. This indicates that one mole FAD is covalently attached per mol of 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase synthesized in vitro. In the native enzyme the coenzyme molecule is bound via its 8 alpha-methyl group to the N-3 atom of a histidyl residue. From the translation products an aminoacyl-riboflavin was isolated and its identity with synthetic 8 alpha-(N3-histidyl)-riboflavin was shown. PMID- 6988215 TI - Enzymatic properties of the sweet-tasting proteins thaumatin and monellin after partial reduction. AB - After partial reduction of disulfide bonds in the thaumatins, the sweet-tasting proteins from the fruits of Thaumatococcus danielii Benth, a rapid autodigestion was demonstrated. In the presence of suitable substrates, the reduced thaumatins showed protease, amidase and esterase activity. Thiol-blocking reagents like mercury(II) chloride inhibited the enzymatic activity. Of the thaumatins b, c, I, II and III (with increasing isoelectric points), thaumatin I showed the lowest enzymatic activity. In this series, the enzymatic activity increased from thaumatin I to thaumatin III as well as from thaumatin I to thaumatin b. Acetylation of the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the thaumatins by acetic anhydride, causing a decrease in basicity, led to an increase in enzymatic activity, which is correlated with the number of acetyl groups introduced. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of thaumatin I with that of cysteine proteases of plant origin showed no similarities. Moreover, the thaumatins lack histidine, one of the amino acids in the active site of the cysteine proteases. Monellin, the sweet-tasting protein from the fruits of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii Diels, is not enzymatically active. However, when monellin with acetylated epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues was brought into a reducing environment it appeared to be enzymatically active. The similarities in properties of the thaumatins and monellin suggest a structural relationship between these proteins. PMID- 6988216 TI - Transcription of Friend virus proviral sequences in isolated nuclei. AB - Transcription studies using isolated Friend nuclei and Escherichia coli polymerase are presented. Combination of the techniques of thiol-Sepharose chromatography and cDNA-Sepharose hybridisation has resulted in a system in which the transcription of the Friend virus proviral sequences with endogenous and E. coli polymerase can be examined. The results show that the percentage of Friend viral-specific sequences in RNA transcribed by E. coli RNA polymerase and by endogenous RNA polymerase in isolated nuclei are similar. The percentage of viral specific sequences synthesized in isolated nuclei is similar to that found in Friend cell nuclear RNA. PMID- 6988217 TI - Flavocytochrome b2 (Baker's yeast). Deuterium isotope effect studied by rapid kinetic methods as a probe for the mechanism of electron transfer. AB - The use of DL-[2-2H]lactate in steady-state measurements of ferricyanide reduction by flavocytochrome b2 at 30 degrees C has previously yielded an isotope effect of 5 [F. Lederer (1974) Eur. J. Biochem. 46, 393--399]. We report here studies carried out at 5 degrees C with L-[2-2H]lactate, where flavin and heme reduction were observed in the stopped-flow apparatus, in the absence of acceptor. The generally biphasic reduction curves were analysed according to a new mathematical treatment which allowed us to derive microscopic constants from initial reduction rates. It has thus been possible to determine an isotope effect of 8 on flavin reduction, 6 on heme reduction, compared to 4 in the steady state. Consequently, two slightly rate-limiting steps occur after the first one where the alpha-hydrogen is abstracted. It has also been possible to calculate the substrate association and dissociation rate constants for intact enzyme. The studies were carried out in parallel on intact and cleaved cytochrome b2. The results suggest that proteolysis affects essentially the steps involved in flavin reduction, and not intramolecular electron transfer steps. Moreover, the experimental data obtained at low rates of electron entry have led us to reexamine a previously proposed scheme for electron transfer [Capeillere-Blandin, Bray, Iwatsubo and Labeyrie (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 549--566]. An alternative model based on computer-simulation studies will be presented in a paper in this journal. PMID- 6988218 TI - Regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase level by myo-inositol in Saccaromyces cerevisiae. AB - 1. A conditional choline auxotroph was isolated. The growth of this mutant was markedly inhibited by the addition of a low concentration of myo-inositol to the culture medium. The growth inhibition was completely prevented by the addition of choline. 2. When this mutant cell was grown in the presence of myo-inositol, the intracellular level of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase was very low, whereas in the cell grown in the absence of myo-inositol the enzyme level was normal. The addition of myo-inositol to the cell grown in the absence of myo inositol caused a marked decrease in the methyltransferase level. 3. The reduction in phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase level by myo-inositol also occurred in various wild type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 4. The decreased methyltransferase activity was restored by the removal of myo-inositol from the culture medium. The restoration of the enzyme level was completely abolished by cycloheximide. Thus, it was shown that protein synthesis was involved in the change of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase level by myo inositol. 5. These results suggest that the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine by the methylation pathway is regulated by myo-inositol. PMID- 6988219 TI - Hans-Rudolf Wiedemann: an appreciation. PMID- 6988221 TI - Recurrence of myocardial infarction. Observations on patients participating in the Ontario Multicentre Exercise-Heart Trial. AB - The circumstances attending a fatal or non-fatal recurrence of myocardial infarction have been analysed for participants in the Ontario Multicentre Exercise-Heart Trial. After an average of some 20 mth observations, 51 of the 751 participants had sustained a recurrence (rate 4.07 per 100 participant years). Some 24% of episodes were closely associated with various types of physical activity, and a further 22% noted vigorous exercise (sometimes of an unusual nature) a few hours previously. Exercise-related episodes were associated with poor programme compliance and ST segmental depression during test exercise, but were unrelated to the prescribed regimen (high or low intensity physical activity). Continuing smoking and a history of recent angina were associated with a risk of recurrence; both were seen less commonly with recurrence in high intensity exercisers than in their low intensity exercise counterparts. Exercise induced ST segmental depression was associated with a higher frequency of fatal recurrences in high than in low intensity exercisers (P less than 0.05); there may thus be a 'high-risk' subgroup for whom vigorous exercise is contraindicated, and the existence of such a group could confound therapeutic trials of exercise centred rehabilitation. PMID- 6988220 TI - Everything the pediatrician ever wanted to know about HLA but was afraid to ask. AB - Following a description of the genetic aspects of the human histocompatibility antigens system HLA and its principle typing methods, this paper reviews the relationship between HLA antigens, transplantation immunology and certain diseases. In particular, the role of the lymphocyte-defined antigens of the HLA-D system is emphasized on the basis of a special typing method, the PLT test, used in our laboratory. Aside from its necessity in bone marrow and kidney transplantation, HLA typing can be used as an additional diagnostic or prognostic tool for certain diseases. Among the pediatric age group, this includes rheumatic fever and other rheumatic diseases, insulin-dependent juvenile diabetes mellitus, some forms of Addison's disease, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, celiac disease, and some complement deficiency disorders. Close linkage of the HLA system with steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency has made it possible to diagnose this form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in utero. This approach is illustrated in a large family at risk for this disorder. PMID- 6988223 TI - The phenomenon of regression to the mean and clinical investigation of blood cholesterol lowering drugs. AB - The phenomenon of regression to the mean is widespread. It may affect any quantitative biological data in which there is "within subject" variability. It is demonstrated, as an example in practice, by a shift from high to lower values with time in a selected subset of patients with an abnormally high blood cholesterol. The phenomenon will influence experiments involving before-after measurements of a continuous variable. An incorrect conclusion may be reached if investigators do not take regression to the mean into account when designing a clinical trial of hypolipidemic therapy. The reality of the phenomenon is illustrated by a prospective study. PMID- 6988222 TI - Antihypertensive effect of fractionated sublingual administration of nifedipine in moderate essential hypertension. AB - The magnitude and duration of the antihypertensive effect of nifedipine were studied in 7 cases of moderate essential hypertension. In a double-blind crossover study, nifedipine 10 mg or a placebo were administered sublingually 4 times a day for 2 days, and the results were compared. Each dose of nifedipine reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 14% both in the supine and upright positions. The antihypertensive action lasted for about 3 h and it was not cumulative. The reduction in blood pressure was associated with a temporary increase in heart rate. Administration of nifedipine 10 mg did not significantly raise plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone. The drug was well tolerated and no side effects were detected. PMID- 6988224 TI - Immunochemical study of the beta chain of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthetase and its proteolytic fragments. PMID- 6988226 TI - Replacement of serum by insulin and transferrin supports growth and differentiation of the human promyelocytic cell line, HL-60. PMID- 6988225 TI - The ultrastructure of primary cilia in quiescent 3T3 cells. PMID- 6988227 TI - Fasciola hepatica: a proteolytic digestive enzyme. PMID- 6988228 TI - Judge Dooling's decision: "...allied to her right to be". PMID- 6988229 TI - Fertility control in the United States before the contraceptive revolution. PMID- 6988230 TI - Exercise and insulin: insulin binding, insulin mobilization, and counterregulatory hormone secretion. PMID- 6988231 TI - Vascular smooth muscle and general anesthetics. PMID- 6988233 TI - Detection of spermatozoal antibodies by radioassay: a comparative evaluation. AB - Antibodies to human spermatozoa were produced in rabbits and a portion of each rabbit antiserum was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation. Fractionated and unfractionated antisera were used to compare a new indirect radioimmunoassay for spermatozoal antibodies with one indirect immunofluorescent, one microagglutination, and one macroagglutination assay. No significant difference in sensitivity was found when comparing the two agglutination assays. The indirect immunofluorescent antibody test appeared to be more sensitive than the agglutination tests, but endpoints were more difficult to interpret. The radioimmunoassay was the most sensitive procedure tested. The radioassay is not difficult to perform, but requires the preparation of a 125I-labeled antiglobulin reagent. PMID- 6988232 TI - Foreign body granulomas in peritubal and periovarian adhesions: a possible cause for unsuccessful reconstructive surgery in infertility. AB - A major problem in tubal reconstructive surgery is the recurrence of peritubal and periovarian adhesions which negate the surgical endeavors. In many cases the etiology of these adhesions is obscure. Histologic re-evaluation with polarized light of 49 resected adhesions revealed residual cornstarch glove powder and suture material in seven specimens. It is concluded that cornstarch powder may be an active agent, and may not be as innocuous as its widespread use indicates. PMID- 6988234 TI - Use of the operating hysteroscope in the treatment of infertility caused by a cervical foreign body. PMID- 6988235 TI - Perspectives in infertility. PMID- 6988237 TI - [Description of the Hyrax expansion screw]. PMID- 6988236 TI - [Great contribution to hepatology]. PMID- 6988238 TI - Tumour-associated surface antigens. PMID- 6988239 TI - Establishment of a B-compatible chicken line with normogammaglobulinaemia and dysgammaglobulinaemia (IgM/IgG). AB - A dysgammaglobulinaemic line of chickens homozygous at the major histocompatibility complex has been established. In these chickens the IgG levels are decreased 10 to 100 times and IgM levels are increased 2 to 10 times when compared to those of normal birds. Dysgammaglobulinaemia is genetically determined. No linkage with the major histocompatibility complex of the chicken has been found. PMID- 6988240 TI - Periodontal preparation of the mouth for restoration. PMID- 6988241 TI - Periodontal considerations in tooth preparation for crowns and bridges. AB - Correct tooth preparation and adequate reconstruction of the anatomy of the crown are essential to the maintenance and preservation of a healthy periodontium. Adequate tooth preparation requires careful attention to many details and clear knowledge of the features of the finished product. The anatomic reconstruction of the crown with a perfect marginal adaptation will provide an adequate environment for maintaining the health of surrounding periodontal tissues. PMID- 6988242 TI - Provisional restorations: an integrated approach to periodontics and restorative dentistry. PMID- 6988243 TI - Fixed prosthodontics and periodontal health. PMID- 6988244 TI - Periodontal considerations with removable partial dentures. PMID- 6988245 TI - Overdentures and the periodontium. AB - Many reasons have been clarified for the retention of teeth in the oral cavity for use as overdenture abutments. The benefits afforded the patient by the preservation of the periodontium have been explained, and methods have been discussed to evaluate the zone of attached gingiva around overdenture abutments. Finally, some research has been discussed to compare some representative overdenture attachments and provide some guidelines for their use in order to more carefully preserve the periodontium. PMID- 6988246 TI - Development of subepidermal bullae in the split-skin graft donor site of a psoriatic. AB - A case of blistering eruption developing at the donor site of a split skin graft in a 48-year-old woman is described. Conventional histology revealed a subepidermal bulla. Direct immunofluorescence was negative. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6988247 TI - Regulation of 86Rb+ outflow from pancreatic islets. I. Reciprocal changes in the response to glucose, tetraethylammonium and quinine. AB - Glucose (16.7 mM), tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10.0 mM) and quinine (0.1 mM) all decreased 86Rb fractional outflow rate from isolated pancreatic islets. At the concentration here used, the effect of glucose was not augmented by TEA, suggesting that glucose affected the TEA-sensitive modality of Rb extrusion. The effects of TEA and quinine were not additive. In the presence of quinine which was as potent as glucose in decreasing 86Rb efflux, an early inhibition of 86Rb outlow was still observed in response to glucose administration. However, the latter inhibition was followed by a glucose-induced secondary rise in 86Rb fractional outflow rate. It is proposed that quinine unmasks a dual or discontinuous effect of glucose upon 86Rb+ handling by the islet cells. PMID- 6988248 TI - Biosilon a new microcarrier. AB - A new microcarrier Biosilon has been developed on the basis of experience with polystyrene as substratum for cell cultures. Biosilon consists of polystyrene beads, which have a diameter of 160-300 micrometers, a density of 1.05 g/cm3 and carry a negative surface charge. Methods used in testing medical plastic and biomaterials can be used as quality standards for microcarriers. PMID- 6988250 TI - Utilisation of DEAE-cellulose as a microcarrier material. AB - Hela and Namalwa cells readily attach to, and grow on, the surface of DEAE substituted cellulose fibres. Subcultivation of these cells can be accomplished either by trypsinisation or by contact transfer of cells from fibre to fibre. Attempts to establish an anchorage-preferring sub-population of Namalwa cells were unsuccessful. PMID- 6988249 TI - Biosilon optimal culture conditions and various research scale culture techniques. AB - Research scale cultivations of L-929, MRC-5 and primary C.E. cells on Biosilon have shown that the most uniform cell attachment is obtained in systems, where the relative velocity between cells and beads is close to zero. In microcarrier cultures the attachment yield is lower compared with stationary systems, but the multiplication rate is the same or higher. The Tecam ACA-system and a rolling bottle system have proved to be promising systems for research scale. PMID- 6988251 TI - Advantages of a microprocessor-monitored and controlled continuous culture of BHK suspension cells. AB - A continuous culture of BHK suspension cells was monitored by a micro-processor. The potential of this system is discussed as well as the results obtained to date on the growth of BHK suspension cells and the susceptibility of those cells to FMDV. PMID- 6988252 TI - The mass culture of human diploid fibroblasts in packed beds of glass beads. AB - A system is described in which human diploid fibroblasts or other anchorage dependent cells may be conveniently cultured. The method would appear to offer a solution to the problem of the mass culture of such cells for the purpose of producing biologicals such as interferon. PMID- 6988253 TI - Growth characteristics of human diploid fibroblasts in packed beds of glass beads. AB - Measurement of cell numbers during growth on glass beads is difficult because of the problem of taking a representative sample of the beads aseptically. Growth is therefore estimated by indirect means, predominantly the rate of glucose utilisation. The relationship between rates of glucose utilisation and cell growth is discussed. PMID- 6988254 TI - Mass production of insect cells in suspension. AB - The production of insect pathogenic viruses for the use in integrated pest control is presently done in vivo in populations of their natural hosts. However, efforts are made in several laboratories to produce some of these baculoviruses in insect cell cultures. The mass production of the viruses in vitro depends on a technology for the mass production of cells. Data are presented for the production of up to 10(10) insect cells per logarithmic growth phase in a continuously running fermenter culture at volumes of 9-10 litres. PMID- 6988255 TI - Use of an enzyme immunoassay with protein A for rabies antigen and antibody determination. AB - The rabies antigen quantitation reported here is based on the principle of an enzyme immuno micro assay (EIA) using antigen coated polystyrene microtiter plates. In a first step antibodies of known specificity are partially blocked by the antigen to be titrated; in a second step the free remaining antibodies are determined by EIA. Antirabies vaccines, purified virus or rabies glycoprotein were assayed by that micro-method in comparison with the double neutralization test in tissue culture. Moreover, we report results obtained by EIA on the rate of antigen bonding to a solid carrier in order to prepare immunoadsorbents and the usefulness of EIA to monitor specific immunoglobulin elution. PMID- 6988256 TI - Viral pesticides : biohazard evaluation on the cytogenetic level. AB - Promising agents for integrated pest control are naturally occuring insect pathogenic viruses that belong to the group of baculoviruses. We have performed experiments using mammalian cells from different species in vivo and in vitro to test a possible effect of baculoviruses on chromosome aberration rates and sister chromatid exchanges. No cytogenetic effects were found. PMID- 6988257 TI - Prospects for large scale production of thermolabile products using anchorage dependent cells. AB - Availability of culture systems for the large scale production of anchorage dependent cells is briefly outlined. Studies on two thermolabile viruses (Measles and Influenza), showing inactivation rates of 0.1 - 0.2 log 10 per hour, clearly demonstrate the need for minimal residence time in the culture system. Logistical considerations indicate that small capacity perfusion culture systems for anchorage dependent cells would give increased recovery of these products and may readily be combined with subsequent processing steps. PMID- 6988258 TI - The replication of insect pathogenic viruses (nuclear polyhedrosis viruses) in cell cultures. AB - The phenomena and steps of replication of insect pathogenic viruses (baculoviruses : nuclear polyhedrosis viruses) in their natural hosts and in insect cell cultures are described. PMID- 6988259 TI - PGI2-sensitive human adenylate cyclase in biopsy specimens of corpus, antral and duodenal mucosa. AB - The distribution of prostacyclin-(PGI2-)sensitive cyclase in human gastric and duodenal mucosa was studied. Like PGE2, PGI2 induced a dose-dependent increase of enzyme activity throughout the stomach and the duodenum. Maximal effects (about 2.5- to 3.0-fold increase) were observed at a PGI2 concentration of 0.28 mmol/l. The stable breakdown product 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) was much less active. The equal distribution of the PGI2-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the human upper alimentary tract suggests a localization of this enzyme system in cells not directly related to gastric acid secretion. PMID- 6988261 TI - The lymphocyte transformation test in coeliac disease: effect of gliadin and detoxified gliadin. AB - Following in vitro stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin, lymphocytes from coeliac patients transformed less than those from control subjects. Neither gliadin nor detoxified gliadin stimulated lymphocyte transformation in patients with adult coeliac disease, but depressed transformation in lymphocytes from normal subjects and from patients on a gluten-free diet. PMID- 6988260 TI - Functional renal alterations in chronic liver diseases. AB - 83 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 38 of them with cirrhosis, were studied and compared with 10 control subjects suffering from chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH). Tubular acidosis frequently was found in our cases. Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were significantly decreased in CAH when compared with CPH. Selective renal arteriography showed evident decrease of arterial flow in the outer cortex. Selective renal scan with 99mTc microspheres of human albumin showed a frequent escape of the tracer from the kidney to the lung. PGE1 and PGE2 levels appeared higher in the renal artery than in the vein and were significantly more elevated in 9 cases with cirrhosis vs. 13 controls. These results suggest the frequent functional impairment of the kidney also in the early stages of CAH, with an increase of PGE levels and an opening of intrarenal shunts. PMID- 6988262 TI - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: a developing tool in diabetes research. PMID- 6988264 TI - Islet-cell antibodies and beta-cell function in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Residual insulin secretion and islet-cell antibodies were studied in 399 insulin dependent diabetics with age at onset of between 10--19.9 years (248 patients) or 30--39.9 years (151 patients). We found the prevalence of islet-cell antibodies to be independent of residual beta-cell function as measured by serum C-peptide and age at onset. The cause and role of the persistence of islet-cell antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetics remain obscure. PMID- 6988265 TI - Glipizide versus tolbutamide, an open trial. Effects on insulin secretory patterns and glucose concentrations. AB - An open parallel trial with glipizide or tolbutamide was carried out in a cohort of 29 comparable maturity-onset diabetic patients. Eighteen of these individuals were studied in detail. During six months of active drug therapy the mean decrease in fasting serum glucose levels on glipizide was 25 +/- 2% versus 17 +/- 2% on tolbutamide (p less than 0.025). Decreases in post prandial glucose levels were 12.2 and 10.4%. Glucose disappearance rates (Kg) during the sixth month of treatment with both drugs increased significantly: on glipizide from 0.47 +/- 0.04%/min to 0.85 +/- 0.08%/min(p less than 0.005), and on tolbutamide from 0.47 +/- 0.08%/min to 0.70 +/- 0.11%/min (p less than 0.01). Early and late insulin release (summed increases over basal for 2--10 min and 10--60 min) during intravenous glucose tolerance testing increased during glipizide, but not during tolbutamide therapy. Post prandial insulin increments over basal during an oral glucose tolerance test also increased during glipizide, but not tolbutamide therapy. Both drugs were comparable with regard to efficacy and safety; however, only glipizide had chronic effects upon insulin secretion. PMID- 6988263 TI - Increase in insulin response after treatment of overt maturity-onset diabetes is independent of the mode of treatment. AB - The changes in insulin response to a 100 g glucose tolerance test after treatment by diet, sulphonylurea and insulin were compared in non-ketotic diabetic patients who had fasting blood glucose concentrations higher than 160 mg/100 ml. Patients were selected so that their pre-treatment and post-treatment blood glucose levels were comparable between different treatment groups. Their insulin responses were poor initially but increased significantly when the diabetic state was improved by each treatment. The degree of improvement of insulin response was similar between different treatment groups, when their fasting blood glucose decreased below 140 mg/100 ml and the glucose tolerance curves were improved to a similar extent. Pre- and post-treatment sigma IRI values (sum of insulin values during glucose tolerance test, mean +/- SD) were 102 +/- 50 and 200 +/- 37 microU/ml in diet-treated group (n = 28), 90 +/- 40 and 195 +/- 53 microU/ml in sulphonylurea treated group (n = 48), and 83 +/- 28 and 193 +/- 38 microU/ml in insulin-treated group (n = 13), respectively. The data suggest that the poor insulin response in overt diabetes results not only from an inherent insensitivity of B-cells to glucose but also from the metabolic derangement of diabetes. Poor insulin response and overtly diabetic metabolism seems to form a vicious cycle. PMID- 6988266 TI - Radioimmunoassay of chemically modified insulins. AB - The reactions between four insulin antisera and eighteen insulin derivatives with modifications at the A1, B1 and B29 positions have been studied using a standard double-antibody radioimmunoassay procedure. The derivatives studied had: a) single modifications at A1, B1 or B29,; b) modifications at two sites with or without a crosslink between them; c) modifications at all three sites with or without a crosslink. Analysis of the results showed a clear difference in the reactivity of the antisera. One antiserum (GP5) was highly sensitive to modifications of the B1 residue and another (Ab1) was sensitive to A1 and B29 modifications. Thus, immunological potencies of insulin analogues derived on the basis of these reactions with the antisera give widely varying results. These antisera were used in discriminatory radioimmunoassays of chemically modified insulins in biological fluids for estimation of in vivo hypoglycaemic potencies by an infusion technique, where the knowledge of the specificity of the antisera was useful in assessing the immunological identity of immunoreactive material in plasma with the analogue infused. PMID- 6988268 TI - Effect of age on glucose oxidation by isolated rat islets. AB - Islets were isolated from pancreases of 2-month and 12-month-old rats, and the oxidation of 14C-glucose to 14CO2 determined at various medium D-glucose concentration. Islets from 12-month-old rats oxidized significantly less glucose than those from 2-month-old rats at glucose concentrations of 150, 300, and 450 mg/dl, and this was true when islets were selected by hand or by Ficoll density gradient separation. The effect of age on glucose oxidation was seen when islets were incubated with [U-14C], [1-14C], or [6-14C] glucose. The results raise the possibility that previously reported age-related defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion may be secondary to the effect of age on islet glucose catabolism. PMID- 6988267 TI - Effect of insulin treatment on prostacyclin in experimental diabetes. AB - Diabetic patients have a high susceptibility to microvascular complications, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Platelet hyperreactivity possibly related to an imbalance in arachidonic acid metabolism may be involved. Aortic rings or renal cortex produced a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, identified as prostacyclin (PGI2). Release of PGI2 by tissues from streptozotocin -- diabetic rats (aorta: 0.07 +/ 0.1 ng/mg wet weight; renal cortex 0.004 +/- 0.001 ng/mg wet weight) was significantly depressed when compared with controls (aorta: 0.26 +/- 0.07 ng/mg wet weight; renal cortex: 0.009 +/- 0.001 ng/mg wet weight). Treatment of diabetic animals with insulin for 8 days restored PGI2 production to normal. The finding that PGI2 is depressed in the aorta and in the kidney, tissues which develop angiopathy, and that this is normalised by insulin, suggests that impaired PGI2 production, perhaps associated with platelet hyperreactivity may play a role in the vascular complications of diabetes. PMID- 6988269 TI - The location of VIP in the pancreas of man and rat. AB - VIP has powerful stimulatory effects on both endocrine and exocrine pancreas but its localisation within the gland has not been established. In this study, human pancreas was obtained fresh at surgery (eleven) or within four hours of death (seven). The pancreas was also removed from rats (twenty-two). Immunocytochemical staining showed VIP to be present in fine nerve fibres in all areas of the pancreas. Many fibres were seen in the exocrine pancreas, running between the acini, and around ducts and blood vessels. In addition, dense networks of fibres were observed forming meshes around islets and occasional ganglia were found containing immunoreactive cell bodies. In general, there were fewer VIP fibres in the rat pancreas than in the human, but overall distribution was identical. The mean VIP content of whole human pancreatic tissue was 42 +/- 10 pmol/g wet weight (38 +/- 9 pmol/g in head, 49 +/- 6 pmol/g in body and 42 +/- 11 pmol/g in tail). Whole rat pancreatic tissue contained 28 +/- 7 pmol/g wet weight while preparations of isolated islets were found to contain 374 +/- 30 pmol/g. It is possible that the heavy VIP innervation of the islets described here indicates a role in the regulation of islet hormone release. PMID- 6988270 TI - A follow-up of 93 newly diagnosed African diabetics for 6 years. AB - In 1971, 107 newly diagnosed black diabetics admitted to Harare Central Hospital, Rhodesia, were studied. Nine died before discharge. In 1977, 93 of the 98 patients discharged alive were traced but of these 38 (41%) had since died. Of 18 autopsies performed the cause of death was hypoglycaemia in 8 patients and hyperglycaemia in 4. Seven factors were associated with a poor prognosis: male sex, age, alcohol consumption, low body mass, high serum globulin in males, low serum albumin in females and referral to other than the teaching hospital diabetic clinic for follow up care. PMID- 6988271 TI - Modification of glycosylated haemoglobin concentration during artificial endocrine pancreas treatment of diabetics. Evidence for a short-term effect on HbA 1 (a+b+c) levels. AB - In order to verify whether or not insulin-induced blood glucose control can acutely lower glycosylated haemoglobin levels, HbAI (a+b+c) (HbAI) was measured in 11 diabetics before, during and after 3 days of treatment with an "artificial endocrine pancreas" (Biostator). Initially 5 patients were in fair glycaemic control (group A), while the other 6 showed poor control (group B). HbAI levels decreased significantly after 3 days in both groups A (from 9.6 +/- 0.2% to 8.5 +/- 0.3%, mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05) and B (from 13.7 +/- 0.2% to 12.6 +/- 0.3%, p less than 0.05). A further HbAI decrease was observed until day 60 following Biostator treatment, during which period glycaemic control improved, as assessed by fasting and post-lunch plasma glucose values and daily glycosuria determined every 10 days. These results suggest that increased HbAI levels may be reversed early by strict blood glucose control during a 3 day period. It is concluded that HbAI levels not only reflect long-term glycaemic control, but also recent acute variations in mean blood glucose values. PMID- 6988272 TI - Adipose tissue development "in utero". Relationships between some nutritional and hormonal factors and body fat mass enlargement in newborns. PMID- 6988273 TI - Improvement of glucose homeostasis in insulin-dependent diabetics using a miniature insulin infusion pump with a fixed profile. AB - Glucose homeostasis was studied in nine longstanding insulin-dependent diabetic patients using a portable pump for intravenous insulin infusion. The 24 h infusion dose was calculated from the conventional SC insulin treatment. The range of basal infusion rates was 2.5 to 15 mU/min and peak delivery rates were raised up to 16-fold from start of main meals for 30-60 minutes. Mean blood glucose improved from 12.0 +/- 2.4 to 6.4 +/- 1.0 mmol/l (SD) during infusion (p less than 0.01). Glucose excretion decreased from 23 g/24 h (range 1-42) to 4 g/24 h (range 0-14) (p less than 0.01). Mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions was significantly improved during infusion (from 8.9 +/- 4.8 to 4.7 +/- 0.9 mmol/l; p less than 0.01). No severe hypoglycaemic episodes or other adverse reactions were seen. PMID- 6988274 TI - Decrease of antibodies to insulin, proinsulin and contaminating hormones after changing treatment from conventional beef to purified pork insulin. AB - The sera of 30 patients who had been treated with conventional beef insulin were tested for binding of insulin and other pancreatic hormones. All showed antibody binding of insulin, 29 binding of proinsulin, 29 binding of pancreatic polypeptide, two binding of glucagon but none of the sera bound vasoactive intestinal peptide or somatostatin. After changing therapy to highly purified pork insulin the binding capacity of sera for insulin and the other hormones was monitored for up to 35 months and a steady fall was found in nearly all cases. In eight of the patients conventional beef insulin treatment was resumed: in one month binding of insulin and of the other hormones increased back to the initial levels. In eighteen subjects who had only received highly purified pork insulin low levels of insulin binding were found with no binding of proinsulin or other hormones. The amounts of proinsulin and contaminating hormones in highly purified pork insulin are so low that they are not immunogenic; conventional beef insulin not only contains immunogenic amounts of proinsulin and the contaminating hormones pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon but also is more immunogenic than purified pork insulin. PMID- 6988275 TI - Tolbutamide stimulation and inhibition of insulin release: studies of the underlying ionic mechanisms in isolated rat islets. AB - The effects of tolbutamide on insulin release, 45Ca2+ uptake and 86Rb+ efflux were studied in isolated rat islets. At a low glucose concentration (75 mg/dl), tolbutamide (20-500 microgram/ml) produced a rapid, dose-dependent increase in insulin release from perifused islets. After 30-40 min however, the rate of secretion as well as the potentiating effect of theophylline were inversely related to the concentration of sulphonylurea. The monophasic release of insulin triggered by tolbutamide (100 microgram/ml) at low glucose could be evoked again by removing and reintroducing the drug, or by temporarily withdrawing calcium or adding cobalt to the medium. Tolbutamide (20 microgram/ml) accelerated and potentiated the biphasic insulin release in response to a secondary stimulation by glucose (150 mg/dl). By contrast, 100 microgram/ml tolbutamide reduced the releasing effect of glucose to a slow increase in secretion rates. Theophylline normalized the second phase of release, but did not restore the rapid phase. Tolbutamide stimulated 45Ca2+ influx (2 min-uptake) in islet cells; this effect was maximum immediately after addition of the drug and decreased later on, exhibiting a monophasic pattern. Glucose stimulation of Ca2+ uptake (5 min) was reduced in the presence of 100 microgram/ml tolbutamide. At a low glucose concentration, tolbutamide reversibly reduced 86Rb+ efflux (tracer of K+) from islet cells, without altering the further inhibition of this efflux by a later glucose increase. It is suggested that tolbutamide depolarizes B cells partially by reducing their K+ permeability. This depolarization leads to opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels and the resulting Ca2+ influx triggers insulin release. The important and maintained depolarization by high concentrations of tolbutamide may secondarily inactivate these channels and cause a decrease in Ca2+ influx. This could explain the monophasic release of insulin and the refractoriness of B cells to subsequent glucose stimulation. PMID- 6988277 TI - Obituary: Robert H. Williams 1909-1979. PMID- 6988278 TI - Early functional and morphologic vascular renal consequences of the diabetic state. PMID- 6988276 TI - Metabolic and hormonal investigations in long-term streptozotocin diabetic rats on different dietary regimens. PMID- 6988279 TI - Diet and diabetes. PMID- 6988281 TI - [Lateral transparietal cholangiography with a sharp needle. Review apropos of 3472 examinations]. PMID- 6988280 TI - Assessment of an algorithm for the artificial B-cell using the normal insulin glucose relationship in diabetic dogs and men. AB - Insulin secretion rates after glucose loading were calculated from peripheral venous IRI concentrations considering half life and distribution space of exogenous insulin in normal men and dogs. The coefficients of multiple linear regression analysis between insulin secretion rates and plasma glucose (level and order and rate of change) were used as algorithm parameters in glucose-controlled insulin infusions. These were carried out in each dog based on individual estimations before the induction of diabetes but in the diabetic patients based on values derived from a group of normal subjects. Using this formula, nearly normal patterns of glucose and of insulin were observed in diabetic men and dogs under basal conditions and after IV glucose loading but not after meals. This algorithm enables selection of the parameters prospectively. The effect of a parameter combination depends on insulin sensitivity and it should be appropriately adapted. In the diabetic patients there was no predictable influence of the brittle or stable characteristics of the disease nor of insulin antibodies on the glucose curves obtained with glucose controlled insulin infusions. PMID- 6988283 TI - [French National Society of Gastroenterology. Address by President Miniconi]. PMID- 6988284 TI - [Prof. Wilhelm Flaskamp M. D. Laudatio and obituary]. PMID- 6988282 TI - [Intramural hematomas of the duodenum]. PMID- 6988285 TI - [First experience with flavoxat in bladder - conditioned types of incontinence in gynaecology (author's transl)]. AB - 40 gynecological patients with motoric and sensoric urge incontinence were treated with the spasmolytic substance Flavoxat. Before treatment and after 4 weeks clinical and urodynamic evaluation were carried out. The results show that 65% of the patients improved under Flavoxat treatment. Incontinence was slightly improved in one third of the patients, in another third it was markedly improved or cured. An increased bladder capacity in the standing position and a decreased frequency of detrusor contractions was found in the urodynamic investigations. The residual urine remained constant. PMID- 6988286 TI - Michail Jakovlevitch Michelson--biographical note. PMID- 6988287 TI - Developmental changes in the photosensitivity of male turkeys. PMID- 6988290 TI - [Protection of the internal environment of the body and the prevention of chronic diseases in the population]. PMID- 6988289 TI - Medicare/Medicaid legislation: reform or reversal? PMID- 6988288 TI - LH--RH-stimulated gonadotropin release from the rainbow trout pituitary gland: an in vitro assay for detection of teleost gonadotropin releasing factor(s). PMID- 6988291 TI - [Role of A. P. Dobroslavin in the establishment of Russian hygienic science (on the 90th anniversary of his death)]. PMID- 6988294 TI - [On the 50th birthday of D. N. Loranskii]. PMID- 6988292 TI - [Biological action of a vinylidene chloride monomer]. PMID- 6988295 TI - [In memoriam L. S. Bogolepova]. PMID- 6988293 TI - [80th anniversary of the Polish Hygiene Society (1898-1978)]. PMID- 6988296 TI - [In memoriam K. N. Chelikanov, M. D]. PMID- 6988298 TI - [Importance of I. M. Sechenov's legacy for the development of Soviet physiology and industrial hygiene]. PMID- 6988297 TI - [In memoriam Prof. A. N. Rubakin]. PMID- 6988299 TI - [Occupational hypokinesia as a hygienic problem]. PMID- 6988300 TI - [Delivery of the fetus through semicircular rupture of the cervix uteri: complication of repeated application of McDonald's suture in case of cervix incompetence]. PMID- 6988301 TI - [Andrew V. Schally, Nobel Prize winner, Doctor honoris causa of the Medical Academy in Cracow]. PMID- 6988302 TI - Thiocyanate as a marker of saliva in gastric juice? AB - One source of error in gastric secretion studies is swallowed saliva. The possibility that salivary thiocyanate might be used to measure this contamination has been investigated. Thiocyanate concentration was measured in saliva and gastric juice collected simultaneously in 22 duodenal ulcer patients undergoing routine insulin and histamine secretion studies. On stimulation, despite the increase in the rate of gastric secretion this was not matched by an appropriate fall in the concentration of thiocyanate in gastric juice. Moreover, in one-third of the gastric juice specimens, the thiocyanate concentration was greater than in the simultaneous samples of saliva. Thus, contrary to what has been claimed, thiocyanate is present not only in saliva but also in gastric juice. Therefore it cannot be used as a marker of salivary contamination. An adequate marker of this source of error has not yet been found. PMID- 6988303 TI - Distribution of basement membrane proteins in normal and fibrotic human liver: collagen type IV, laminin, and fibronectin. AB - Specific antibodies to collagen type IV, laminin, and fibronectin were used to localise these proteins by indirect immunofluorescence in frozen sections of normal and fibrotic liver. In normal livers distinct staining was found in basement membranes of blood and lymph vessels, of bile ducts and ductules and around nerve axons. Positive reactions for type IV collagen and fibronectin were also observed in the perisinusoidal space, while hepatocytes and most of the interstitial matrix of portal fields remained unstained. Liver specimens obtained from patients with alcoholic liver disease (fatty liver, hepatitis or cirrhosis) and chronic active hepatitis showed a more intense reaction with the antibodies in the perisnusoidal space including now distinct staining for laminin. These patterns were particularly prominent at borders between fibrotic septa and remnants of parenchyma or pseudolobules. Strong reactions were also found for type IV collagen and fibronectin in the periportal interstitium and in large fibrotic areas. The findings support previous electron-microscopical and chemical evidence for increased basement membrane production in human liver fibrosis and demonstrate that this may involve different proteins and occur at different anatomical sites. PMID- 6988305 TI - Postburn volar digital contractures in Nigerians. AB - In fifty-six Nigerian children, 178 digits with volar contractures have been treated by skin grafts and flaps during the past three years. The severity of contracture was graded and corrective treatment planned accordingly. Patients have been reviewed from three months to three years after correction. The results have been better than expected using Wolfe grafts rather than split skin for the majority, and direct flaps only when imperative. PMID- 6988307 TI - An interpretation of the hand and arm markings of the shroud of Turin. PMID- 6988304 TI - Late results of the Royal Free Hospital prospective controlled trial of prednisolone therapy in hepatitis B surface antigen negative chronic active hepatitis. AB - A long-term follow-up of at least 10 years or until death of 44 patients taking part in a controlled prospective trial of prednisolone therapy in hepatitis B antigen negative chronic active hepatitis (lupoid hepatitis) has been performed at the Royal Free Hospital, London. Patients presenting between 1963 and 1967 were randomly allocated into control and treatment groups. Ten year life table survival curves showed a significantly improved survival in the treatment group where 63% of patients were alive at 10 years compared with only 27% in the control group (log rank test, P = 0.03). The median survival in the treatment group was 12.2 years compared with 3.3 years in the control group. The mean duration of treatment was 4.5 years. Age, presence of antinuclear factor, cirrhosis, or level of serum transaminases at presentation did not appear to affect survival. Male patients if untreated had a poorer prognosis than females (P = 0.02). The natural history of chronic active hepatitis appeared from clinical, biochemical, and histological findings to be from an active hepatitis or cirrhosis to inactive macronodular cirrhosis. Prednisolone therapy significantly improved survival by reducing mortality in the early active phase of the disease. PMID- 6988308 TI - Hand diseases in early photographs. AB - The use of photography in medicine began with many problems, in the second half of the last century. In the specific field of hand diseases the surviving photographs are few but very interesting. The author, through patient research in private and public collections has gathered these first medical photographs and presents them with his comments in this article. PMID- 6988306 TI - Funicular orientation by electrical stimulation and internal neurolysis in peripheral nerve suture. AB - Eleven peripheral nerve lacerations around the wrists of ten patients were treated with funicular suture or nerve graft. In three freshly lacerated nerves funicular orientation could be made only by electrical stimulation to both cut ends. The electrophysiological method was also utilised to obtain funicular orientation of a proximal stump in eight old nerve lacerations. However, funicular orientation of the distal stump of old lacerations, which was not responsive to electrical stimulation, was performed anatomically by internal neurolysis from a terminal branching area up to a distal stump. By six months after the operation, motor and sensory functions of the patients with funicular suture had recovered to an excellent degree with rapid reinnervation. PMID- 6988309 TI - Docent Michal Valent, C.Sc., M.D. is fifty. PMID- 6988311 TI - 50th birthday of RNDr. Lubor Cerva, D.Sc. PMID- 6988310 TI - Survey of dermatophytes in the hair of small mammals from Austria. AB - Apparently healthy hair of insectivores and rodents originating from two regions situated at different altitudes in Austria was examined on the presence of dermatophytes. Dermatophytes Microsporum persicolor, Trichophyton georgiae, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei, T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes and T. terrestre were recovered from the hair of 27 animals (32.9%), belonging to 10 species. The results revealed evident specificity of dermatophytes to host mammals irrespective of the effect of different altitude of localities. The existence of dermatophytes in the healthy hair of mammals is due either to mere contamination from environment (findings of geophilic species) or to inapparent infection (findings of zoophilic species). PMID- 6988312 TI - Recent advances in the biology and chemistry of vitamin D. PMID- 6988313 TI - [Clinical experience with an artificial endocrine pancreas]. PMID- 6988314 TI - [Plasma parathyroid hormone. Development of radioimmunoassay and clinical and pathophysiological studies]. PMID- 6988316 TI - [In memory of Hans Heinrich Wieck]. PMID- 6988315 TI - [Is today's condom better than its reputation?]. AB - In a statistical sample of 500 unwanted pregnancies surprisingly the share of women whose partners used a condom was not higher than the share of IUP-users (considering the relative frequency of use of both methods). This result was the motivation to investigate once more the use of the condom. After a short description of the history, the production, and the testing methods a discussion follows of the frequency of its use. In many countries the frequency of using the condom lies between that of hormonal oral contraceptives and the IUP. Today the reliability of the condom is higher than described in medical textbooks. In statistics of the seventies the failure rate is no more than 3 unwanted pregnancies in 100 years of usage. Harmful side effects or contraindications are not known. Therefore in cases of incompatibility or refusion of hormonal oral contraceptives reflections of the doctor on useful alternative methods of contraception should include the recommendation of the condom. PMID- 6988317 TI - Second surgical opinions: what have we learned? PMID- 6988318 TI - Manhattan PSRO: reversing trends in expansion and utilization. PMID- 6988319 TI - Evaluation of the renin-aldosterone system during hypo- and hyperglycemia in children and adolescents. AB - The effect of hypo- and hyperglycemia on the renin-aldosterone system was studied in 10 endocrinologically normal children. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia caused an elevation of plasma renin activity (PRA) up to 371 +/- 23% (mean +/- SEM) over the basal level (p less than 0.001) and of the plasma aldosterone level up to 243 +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM) over the basal values (p less than 0.001). Hyperglycemia caused an elevation of PRA up to 135 +/- 40% (mean +/- SEM) over the basal values (p less than 0.05) and a reduction in the plasma aldosterone level to 53 +/- 12% (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the widely used diagnostic procedures, the insulin tolerance and oral glucose tolerance tests, be also applied for the investigation of the renin-aldosterone system. PMID- 6988320 TI - Congressman speaks out for society's needy. AB - Representative Leland, a pharmacist raised in Houston's ghetto, uses health subcommittee post to draw attention to the needs of his constituents. PMID- 6988321 TI - Judge turns down bid for clearing Medi-Cal backlog. PMID- 6988322 TI - Early childhood morbidity trends in prehistoric populations. PMID- 6988323 TI - Cotton emboli (cellulose II polymorph, "rayon") of the coronary arteries. PMID- 6988324 TI - Changes in some chromatin and cytoplasmic enzymes of perinatal rat hepatocytes during culture. AB - Hepatocytes prepared from rats at various perinatal stages were cultured in selective medium that does not allow fibroblastic cell growth. Cell population remained homogeneous during the culture. Hepatocytes undergo divisions for a period, which varies according to the stage of development of the rat. Light and electron microscope observations showed the presence of numerous cytoplasmic organelles; moreover, hydrocortisone-induced structures similar to bile canaliculi. Chromatin protein kinase decreased rapidly during culture except in samples prepared from 17-day fetuses in which it remained unchanged for 2 days and decreased to a lesser extent afterwards. Chromatin nonhistone proteins were incubated with (gamma-32P) ATP and the phosphorylation pattern analyzed on polyacrylamide gels. Many radioactive peaks were observed in chromatin proteins from 17-day fetuses; they were much lower in proteins than 19-day fetuses. The phosphorylation pattern was analyzed in hepatocytes after 2 days of culture. Many radioactive peaks were observed with proteins from hepatocytes taken from 17-day fetuses; no radioactivity was observed in proteins from 19-day fetuses. This is in contrast with the absence of radioactive peaks in chromatin proteins from adult rat hepatocytes. In cytoplasm, aldolase and pyruvate kinase specific activities varied according to the age of the rat. They strongly decreased during culture except in hepatocytes and 15- and 17-day fetuses, in which they remained stable for a least 5 days. The stability of chromatin and cytoplasmic enzymes in hepatocytes from 17-day fetuses could result from their ability to be regulated by hormones that are secreted at this stage of development. PMID- 6988325 TI - A simple reliable procedure for obtaining metaphases from human leukemic bone marrow aspirates suitable for Giemsa banding. AB - Short incubation of heparinized human leukemic bone-marrow cells in phosphate buffered saline containing colcemid and overnight chilling of fixed cells yields metaphases with elongated and well-spread chromosomes. This technique enables us to do trypsin-Giemsa banding of chromosomes obtained from leukemic marrow cells otherwise difficult to band. PMID- 6988326 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen production by human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells in matrix-perfusion culture. AB - Four human colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor cell lines, previously established and characterized in monolayer culture were grown in a matrix-perfusion culture system to determine the suitability of this technique for synthesis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Production of CEA in excess of 100,000 ng was attained from one cell line, SW 403, during 15-day growth trials. In growth trials and cell-free diffusion studies, CEA passed through membranes of 100,000 dalton molecular weight porosity but not 10,000 porosity. Using cell cultures of high, moderate, or low producers, CEA synthesis tended to reach a plateau after several days of culture and remained nearly constant as the cells attained a maintenance condition. Basic biologic characteristics of the cell lines, expressed as growth rates and CEA produced per 10(6) cells, were comparable in monolayer and perfusion culture. The high cell densities, (10(8) to 10(9) cells per ml) achieved in matrix perfusion made it possible to routinely obtain continuous high yields of CEA over an extended time period. PMID- 6988328 TI - Improved conditions for murine epidermal cell culture. AB - An improved method for cultivating newborn mouse epidermal cells has been developed that increases the longevity, epithelial nature and efficiency of cell line establishment. The use of Super Medium, an enriched Waymouth's formulation, increased proliferation for long periods of time, as did incubation at 31 degrees C rather than 37 degrees C. The fetal bovine serum requirement was found to be reduced at the lower temperature. An increase in labeling indices was seen when epidermal growth factor (EGF) or the cyclic nucleotides were added and the presence of EGF receptors was determined. Of the prostaglandins (PG) examined, PGE1 and PGE2 produced the greatest increase in DNA synthesis. The PG precursors, arachidonic and 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, were also greatly stimulatory. The use of a lethally irradiated 3T3 feeder layer at 31 degrees C proved superior in maintenance of an epithelial morphology. Subculturable cell lines were established much more readily and reproducibly in carcinogen-treated cultures grown under the improved conditions. PMID- 6988329 TI - Effect of prolonged immunization of mice with bovine serum albumin on the incidence of chemically induced tumors. AB - The effect of prolonged immunization of mice with bovine serum albumin (BSA) on tumors elicited by injection of 3-methylcholanthrene was studied. The incidence of tumors and rate of tumor growth were higher in mice immunized with BSA than in control mice injected with syngeneic serum. The possibility of an immunosuppressive effect of the prolonged immunization with BSA is discussed. PMID- 6988327 TI - A molecular approach to the identification and individualization of human and animal cells in culture: isozyme and allozyme genetic signatures. AB - The electrophoretic resolution of a group of genetically monomorphic gene-enzyme systems that are developmentally and biologically ubiquitous has been used to provide a species-specific and type-specific biochemical characterization of various cultured cells. The relative mobilities of gene-enzyme systems representing nine distinct gene products from cell cultures of 25 species from Drosophila to man are presented. These isoenzymes effectively discriminate interspecies cell-to-cell contamination and almost invariably serve to identify the contaminating species. The resolution of eight polymorphic gene-enzyme systems in human cell cultures provides a virtually unique allozyme genetic signature as a monitor of intraspecies cellular contamination. The genetic signatures of 47 commonly used human cells are presented. Included in the test were seven putative HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) contaminants each of which expressed a signature identical with that of HeLa. The probability that an unrelated human cell line will have a signature identical to a typed cell is computed for each line from the genotypic frequencies at each locus in a population of cultured human cells. The gene frequencies of this cell population are comparable to the same frequencies in natural human populations. The most common human signature has a frequency (and therefore a probability) of 0.02. The majority of the 17,010 possible signatures are far less probable. A calculation of the theoretical incidence of chance matching of signatures within test groups of two or more individuals is presented. The probability of a chance match between any two randomly selected individuals is 0.004 and among five randomly selected individuals is 0.034. The allozyme genetic signature represents a definitive monitor of cell identity and is presented as a standard of cell and tissue identification for a variety of biological studies. PMID- 6988330 TI - A study of the immunosuppressive effect of allopurinol. AB - Allopurinol demonstrated to have an immunosuppressive action when given at the dose of 200 microgram daily to the mice receiving skin grafts. This effect was not as apparent in adult mongrel dogs receiving kidney allografts and immediate bilateral nephrectomy. If allopurinol was combined with azathioprine, however, a significant synergistic immunosuppressive effect was seen. PMID- 6988331 TI - In vitro studies on the effect of anti-lymphocyte serum on the humoral immune response. AB - The effect of ALS (I), a heterologous anti-lymphocyte serum prepared against lymph node cells from rats pre-immunised with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), on plaque forming cells (PFC) to SRBC was studied in vitro. ALS (I) reduced the number of both IgM and IgG PFC when complement was included in the reaction. This ability of ALS (I) to inhibit PFCs in vitro was absorbed out by the IgG fraction of anti-SRBC serum. Thus ALS (I) was thought to possess and anti-idiotypic antibody directed against B-cells at a later stage of differentiation. PMID- 6988332 TI - Alterations in metabolism following injury: part I. PMID- 6988333 TI - The present state of medullary nailing of the femur: biomechanical limitations and problems of blood supply to the fracture due to reaming. PMID- 6988334 TI - A double compression medullary nail: preliminary report of an early clinical trial. AB - The use of the double compression medullary nail in 5 cases of fracture of the femur is reported. The results are very promising as the nail gives excellent stability, affords efficient internal fixation of fractures of the proximal and distal thirds of the shaft, allows very early weight bearing and in this small series has brought about very early strong union with a minimal time in hospital and a short period away from work. There were no complications and no difficulties were encountered in nail extraction. We believe that this nail may prove to be the solution to the various biomechanical limitations of medullary nailing and may be the universal nail for fractures of the femoral shaft. PMID- 6988335 TI - Rupture of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: a controlled clinical trial. AB - The results of a randomized study comparing three different principles of treatment for rupture of the lateral ligaments of the ankle are presented. A total of 95 patients was treated and followed up for 17 months. In this series, 32 patients were treated with primary suture and plaster-of-Paris, 33 patients with plaster-of-Paris only and 30 patients with strapping. In all, 31 patients (97%) were completely free of symptoms in the operation group, 22 (67%) in the plaster-of-Paris group and 23 (77%) in the strapping group. PMID- 6988336 TI - A prospective controlled trial of valgus osteotomy in the fixation of unstable pertrochanteric fractures of the femur. AB - A total of 62 patients with unstable pertrochanteric fractures of the neck of the femur was subjected to either nail plating with 130 degrees neck-shaft angle or valgus osteotomy using a neck-shaft angle of at least 140 degrees. The patients were assessed in terms of ability to walk and stability of fracture fixation. A clear superiority of valgus osteotomy over the controls was demonstrated in terms of fracture fixation, but the difference in terms of ability to walk was less remarkable. PMID- 6988337 TI - The use of preformed acrylic veneers for the aesthetic treatment of severely discoloured anterior permanent teeth. AB - Laminate veneer resin systems have been advocated for aesthetic restoration of discoloured or malformed maxillary anterior teeth. A technique for providing such restorations has been described. Laminate veneer restorations have been proven as satisfactory interim restorations for young permanent teeth. Long term clinical studies are needed to better determine their cosmetic and physical durability as well as soft tissue compatibility. PMID- 6988338 TI - Federation Dentaire Internationale. PMID- 6988339 TI - Platelets from uraemic patients react normally to prostacyclin. PMID- 6988340 TI - An eighteenth century suggestion for peritoneal dialysis? PMID- 6988342 TI - A serial model for computer assisted medical diagnosis. AB - In this paper we discuss a simple model for an interactive consultation system for medical applications. That system was developed to provide consultative advice on diagnosis of arthritis, but it could be easily applied to a different class of diseases. We examine in particular how the determination of the appropriate sequence of diagnostic tests that have to be performed on the patient can be optimised by the use of a decision table, in which the medical knowledge is shown. We begin with a review of features which were seen to be essential to a consultation system for medical applications and we suggest how these requirements imply program design criteria. This is followed by a formal explanation of the proposed model and its fundamental assumptions. The last part of the paper is then devoted to a report of our experience with the experimental computer system. PMID- 6988341 TI - Management of hypertension in dialysis. PMID- 6988344 TI - Isolation of non-cultivable acid-fast bacilli in sphagnum and moss vegetation by foot pad technique in mice. AB - In the former leprosy-endemic coastal area of Norway, 122 samples of sphagnum and moss vegetation were collected from 6 biotopes and examined for non-cultivable AFB by foot pad inoculation. Of the 759 foot pads examined, 20% contained non cultivable AFB. A significantly higher frequency was found in a habitat where Sphagnum cuspidatum was preponderant, the sphagnum species from which the maximum yield was obtained. The bacteria were polymorphous, solidly staining AFB, which multiplied in passage in foot pads while they could not be cultivated on the conventional media for mycobacteria. Efforts are continuing to identify these AFB by biochemical methods and by inoculation into nine-banded armadillos. PMID- 6988343 TI - Oral NAB 365 (clenbuterol) and terbutaline in chronic obstructive lung disease: a double-blind, two-week study. AB - The bronchodilator effects of large oral doses of clenbuterol (30 micrograms, t.i.d.) and terbutaline sulfate (5 mg, t.i.d.) were compared using the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the specific airway resistance (sRaw) and the maximum expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (V50% VC) in a double-blind, two-week study, with groups of 12 patients each. The patients suffered from chronic obstructive lung disease with partially reversible airway obstruction. The bronchodilator actions of the two medications were significant between 30 and 240 minutes after the first administration on day 1 and between 30 and 60 minutes after the first administration on day 14. The administration of hydroxyphenylorciprenaline at 60 min on day 14 produced a significant additional bronchodilating effect over the bronchodilating effects of clenbuterol and terbutaline. The basal values recorded on days 7 and 14 demonstrated a significant improvement of pulmonary function over the basal values on day 1, similar in both groups. No tachyphylaxis to the bronchodilator effect to either drug occurred over the two-week study period. Neither the incidence nor the nature of side effects differed in the two treated groups. No changes in heart rate or blood pressure were noted. No abnormal effects on blood gas tension or laboratory results were observed. It was concluded that oral clenbuterol is about 170 times more potent than oral terbutaline. PMID- 6988345 TI - Mechanism of action of the folate blocker diaminodiphenylsulfone (dapsone, DDS) studied in E. coli cell-free enzyme extracts in comparison to sulfonamides (SA). AB - The antibacterial activity of DDS has been studied in whole cell (E. coli), cell free folate synthesizing enzyme extracts and compared to effects obtained for sulfonamides (SA). It is shown that DDS acts as a synthetase inhibitor in the folate synthesizing enzyme system. DDS reacts with the substrate 7,8-dihydro-6 hydroxymethylpterinopyrophosphate to form a 7,8-dihydropteroic acid analog. Bacterial growth kinetic studies were performed to test for possible synergistic activity of the analog in combination with DDS. Possible reasons for the extremely large inhibitory power of DDS against M. leprae are discussed. PMID- 6988346 TI - Segmental necrotizing granulomatous neuritis of leprosy. AB - In leprosy, the occurrence of necrotizing nodular lesions in peripheral nerves is a relatively uncommon complication. Despite clinical and gross similarities, there are microscopical differences among groups of such cases, indicating that in all probability different pathogenetic mechanisms are operative. Furthermore, the vast majority of such cases are not true abscesses but are characterized by caseous necrosis and granulomatous inflammation. The traditional collective name "nerve abscess" is therefore inappropriate. Presented herein is an analytic study of 30 cases of the commonest variant, which we suggest should be called segmental necrotizing granulomatous neuritis of leprosy (SNGN). This lesion commonly affects the right ulnar nerve just above the elbow and occurs most often in those with the borderline tuberculoid form of leprosy. It appears to represent the result of a hypersensitivity phenomenon marked by a preponderance of epithelioid cells rather than a reaction of immunity in which lymphocytes predominate. Acid fast bacilli were demonstrable in the lesion in 77% of cases. PMID- 6988347 TI - Vaccination in leprosy--observations and interpretations. PMID- 6988348 TI - Mechansism of action of DDS. PMID- 6988349 TI - Obituary: Dr. Paul Laviron 1905-1979. PMID- 6988350 TI - At twenty years after Shepard's method of inoculation of M. leprae in the foot pads of mice. PMID- 6988351 TI - In vitro cultivation and characterization of Mycobacterium lepraemurium. AB - Three different strains of M. lm were regularly grown in vitro from suspensions of mouse organs if at least 10(5) organisms were inoculated on Ogawa egg yolk medium and incubated at 35 degrees C in a humidified, CO2 enriched atmosphere. Growth is slow and requires 2-3 months. Colonies are 1-2 mm in diameter, white to pale yellow. Microscopically the bacteria are acid-alcohol-fast pleomorphic rods with branchings and beaded filamentous forms. Mice inoculated with in vitro grown subcultures develop an infection indistinguishable from the one observed after injection with mouse passage strains of M. lm. The in vitro characteristics of the strains are identical and different from all other known mycobacteria. PMID- 6988352 TI - The effect of ultrasound at 1.5 MHz on Escherichia coli. PMID- 6988353 TI - Cell survival at low oxygen tension and dose build-up in argon. AB - Mammalian cells were exposed to 250 kVp X-irradiation in air, argon and nitrogen to determine whether cells irradiated when severely hypoxic have survival curves with lower extrapolation numbers (n) than their aerobic counterparts. Cells irradiated suspended in liquid showed no significant differences between values of 'n' irrespective of the gas used, neither was the sensitivity of cells irradiated in argon any greater than that of cells irradiated in nitrogen. In contrast, cells attached to glass dishes irradiated with the medium withdrawn were apparently much more sensitive in argon than in nitrogen. It has been demonstrated that the lower survival of cells irradiated in argon could have been caused by the greater photoelectric absorption in argon compared with nitrogen. When the dosimetric discrepancy was removed either by absorption of photoelectrons in liquid or by use of high energy radiations, there was no evidence that severe hypoxia during irradiation could lead to reduced values of 'n'. PMID- 6988354 TI - The value of the photoreactivable component in E. coli Bs-1 cells exposed to densely and sparsely ionizing radiations. AB - The dependence of the photoreactivation effect in E. coli Bs-1 cells on LET and energy of sparsely ionizing radiation was studied. The photoreactivation was shown to be absent after densely ionizing radiation (alpha-particles of 239Pu; fast neutrons En = 0.85 MeV) and after sparsely ionizing radiation with energies below 200 keV. In those cases where photoreactivation took place, the photoreactivable sector was found to increase with the voltage of the radiation. PMID- 6988355 TI - The photoreactivable component in the mutagenic action of ionizing radiations. AB - The influence of visible light on the lethal and the mutagenic effects of gamma radiation on E. coli WP2 uvrA+ and E. coli WP2 uvrA cells was studied. It was shown that visible light appears to reduce the yield of gamma-induced prototrophs in E. coli WP2 uvrA cells while the yield of prototrophs in E. coli WP2 uvrA+ stays unchanged. Visible light did not change the survival of gamma-irradiated cells. PMID- 6988356 TI - The involvement of E. coli DNA polymerase III in repair and mutation induction by ionizing radiation. PMID- 6988358 TI - Effect of pretreatment with fluoride solutions on tensile strength between bonding resin and acid-etched enamel. PMID- 6988357 TI - Effects of meditation on brainstem auditory evoked potentials. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were measured in five advanced practitioners of Transcendental Meditation (TM) to determine whether such responses would reflect reported increases in perceptual acuity to auditory stimuli following meditation. The BAEP provides an objective physiological index of auditory function at a subcortical level. Repeated measures of the BAEPs of TM practitioners were taken before and after a period of meditation and were compared with those of age-matched controls. Peak latencies as well as interwave latencies between major BAEP components were evaluated. No pre-postmeditation differences for experimental subjects were observed at low stimulus intensities (0--35 dB). At moderate intensities (40--50 dB), latency of the inferior collicular wave (wave V) increased following meditation, but at higher stimulus intensities (55--70 dB), latency of this wave was slightly decreased. Comparison of slopes and intercepts of stimulus intensity-latency functions indicates a possible effect of meditation on brainstem activity. PMID- 6988359 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of the vertebrate cyclic nonapeptide neurohypophyseal hormones and neurophysins. PMID- 6988360 TI - Recent progress in the morphology, histochemistry, biochemistry, and physiology of developing and maturing mammalian testis. PMID- 6988361 TI - Cellular microinjection by cell fusion: technique and applications in biology and medicine. PMID- 6988362 TI - Transitional cells of hemopoietic tissues: origin, structure, and development potential. PMID- 6988363 TI - [Introduction to the theme of respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6988364 TI - [Use of fiber bronchoscopy in emergency medicine]. PMID- 6988365 TI - [Pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade]. PMID- 6988366 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of acute subarachnoidal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6988367 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6988368 TI - [A 64 year old female patient with orthostatic hypotension and syncopes]. PMID- 6988369 TI - The stars and human sexuality: some medieval scientific views. PMID- 6988370 TI - Science in New York City, 1867-1907. PMID- 6988371 TI - Myocutaneous flaps for head and neck reconstruction. AB - The recent development of myocutaneous flaps has ushered in an era of one-stage reconstructions, which have changed the patterns of surgery for head and neck cancer. This article reviews the development of these flaps and the clinical applications at various sites of the head and neck. Personal experience with 31 consecutive myocutaneous flaps confirms the versatility and reliability of these new techniques. PMID- 6988372 TI - Ossification of decalcified and nondecalcified homologous bone grafts. AB - This two-year study examined the process of reossification and survival of decalcified and nondecalcified bone grafts implanted under the scalp tissue of 15 rabbits. Both radiologic and histologic examination showed that the nondecalcified fresh-frozen bone specimens became totally viable and recalcified while largely retaining their initial size. The decalcified bones, however, were totally absorbed within a period of four months. Possible reasons for failure of the decalcified bone to reossify are discussed. PMID- 6988373 TI - Danazol: review of recent studies. PMID- 6988374 TI - On the nature of the radiobiologically hypoxic fraction in tumors. PMID- 6988375 TI - Salmonellosis in a group of ponies: failure to identify a chronic active carrier. AB - Three of 33 ponies died after the herd had been moved to a new environment 3 months earlier. One mare died without premonitory signs of illness. Shortly thereafter, a 5-day-old foal and a 2-year-old gelding died after brief illness. Although cultures were not performed on the mare, Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from the feces and tissues of the foal and gelding. Lesions in the foal were confined to ecchymotic hemorrhages on the mucosal surface of the colon and petechial hemorrhages in the splenic capsule, with adhesions to the parietal peritoneum. The gelding had evidence of severe typhlitis and colitis. Subsequent culturing of feces from all ponies for 5 consecutive days revealed five ponies shedding S typhimurium, including the dam of the dead foal, the 6-week-old foal of the dead mare, and three others. Phage typing indicated that all isolants were of the same type. Weekly fecal cultures of all ponies for the next 9 weeks revealed that 1 month after the initial cultures, none of the ponies was shedding Salmonella. Monthly cultures for the next year did not yield any growth of Salmonella, indicating there was no active carrier (shedder) in the herd. The source of Salmonella that initiated the outbreak was not found, in spite of environmental culturing. PMID- 6988376 TI - Toxicoinfectious botulism in foals and adult horses. AB - Toxicoinfectious botulism was proved to be the cause of a neuromuscular paralytic syndrome in foals and adult horses. In eight successive cases, Clostridium botulinum type B was isolated at necropsy. Foals were either found dead without premonitory signs of illness or, most often, they had signs of progressive and symmetric motor paralysis. Stilted gait, muscular tremors, and the inability to stand longer than 4 to 5 minutes were the salient clinical signs. Other clinical manifestations included dysphagia, constipation, mydriasis, and frequent urination. As the disease progressed, dyspnea with extension of the head and neck, tachycardia, and respiratory arrest occurred. Death occurred most often 24 to 72 hours after the onset of clinical signs. The most consistent postmortem findings were congestion and edema of the lungs and excessive pericardial fluid, which contained free-floating strands of fibrin. Gastric ulcers, foci of necrosis in the liver, abscesses in the navel and lungs, and wounds of the skin and muscle were predisposing sites for development of toxicoinfectious botulism. PMID- 6988377 TI - Vagus indigestion in cattle. PMID- 6988378 TI - An evaluation of the use of mini-computers for computer assisted instruction in allied health curricula. AB - This paper reports the results of an evaluation of computer assisted instruction in a school of allied health technologies. This evaluation was conducted to determine how students rated computer assisted instruction as a learning tool. Areas rated were: (1) ease of use of computer hardware, (2) ease of use of computer instructions, (3) difficulty of content and (4) learning value. The results of 1,507 student questionnaires were tabulated. Student evaluation was favorable in all areas. Comments by the students have led to revisions in specific programs. PMID- 6988379 TI - Effect of ovarian activity and endogenous reproductive hormones on GnRH-induced ovarian cycles in postpartum dairy cows. AB - The objective was to determine the relationship of prior follicular development to GnRH-induced cyclic ovarian activity in dairy cows postpartum. Sixty lactating Holstein and Guernsey cows from the University of Missouri dairy herds were assigned at random to one of two groups. Group I consisted of 20 cows (control) given a single intramuscular (IM) injection of saline. Group II consisted of 40 cows given a single injection of 100 micrograms gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) IM. Treatments were administered 12 to 14 days postpartum. All cows were palpated per rectum to monitor ovarian activity prior to treatment (time 0) and 2 to 3 and 7 to 9 days post-treatment. Blood was collected via tail vessel puncture at time 0 and 7 to 9 days post-treatment. The percentage of cows exhibiting a follicle 10 mm or greater in diameter prior to treatment was not different between Group I (50%) and Group II (43%). However, twenty (50%) of the GnRH treated cows initiated cyclic ovarian activity following treatment as evidenced by palpable CL and plasma progesterone greater than or equal to 1.0 ng/ml on day 9 post-treatment in contrast to only four (20%) saline-treated cows (P less than 0.05). Seventeen of 20 cows ovulating in Group II exhibited a palpable follicle greater than or equal to 10 mm in diameter prior to treatment compared to 3 of 4 cows in Group I. Prior to treatment, plasma concentrations of LH, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone were not different (P less than .05) between cows in Groups I and II. In Group II, preinjection levels of estradiol-17 beta and LH for cows ovulating in response to GnRH were higher (P less than .01) than in cows not ovulating. Postinjection concentrations of progesterone in plasma on days 7 to 9 were higher (P less than .01) in cows ovulating than in cows not ovulating. Six (30%) cows in Group I developed ovarian cysts prior to conception as compared to 12.5% (5) of the cows in Group II (P less than .05). The present study suggests: (1) GnRH treatment as early as 12 to 14 days postpartum may initiate cyclic ovarian activity in normal dairy cows; (2) elevated preinjection concentrations of estradiol-17 beta and follicular growth are important for GnRH induced ovulations; and (3) GnRH treatment 12 to 14 days postpartum may be useful in reducing abnormal ovarian activity. PMID- 6988380 TI - Biofeedback, autogenic training, and progressive relaxation in the treatment of Raynaud's disease: a comparative study. AB - Twenty-one female patients suffering from diagnosed idiopathic Raynaud's Disease were trained to raise digital skin temperature using either autogenic training, progressive muscle relaxation, or a combination of autogenic training and skin temperature feedback. Patients were instructed in the treatment procedures in three one-hour group sessions spaced one week apart. All patients were instructed to practice what they had learned twice a day at home. Patients kept records of the frequency of vasospastic attacks occurring over a four-week baseline period, and during the first four weeks and the ninth week of training. In addition, patients underwent four laboratory cold stress tests during which they were instructed to maintain digital temperature as the ambient temperature was slowly dropped from 26 degrees to 17 degrees C. Cold stress tests were given during week 1 of baseline and during weeks 1, 3, and 5 of training. No significant differences between the three behavioral treatment procedures were obtained. In addition, the ability of patients to maintain digital temperature during the cold stress challenge showed significant improvement from the first to the last tests. Symptomatic improvement was maintained by all patients nine weeks after the start of training. The implications of these findings for the behavioral treatment of Raynaud's Disease are discussed. PMID- 6988381 TI - The use of self-modeling to improve the swimming performance of spina bifida children. AB - The use of edited videotape replay (which showed only "positive" behaviors) to improve the water skills of three spina bifida children, aged 5 to 10 years was examined. A multiple baseline across subjects design was used, and behavioral changes were observed to occur in close association with intervention. One child was given successive reapplications of videotaped self-modeling with continuing improvements. It appears that a useful practical technique has been developed. PMID- 6988382 TI - De novo biosynthesis of secondary metabolism enzymes in homogeneous cultures of Penicillium urticae. AB - The initiation of patulin biosynthesis in submerged batch cultures of Penicillium urticae NRRL 2159A was investigated at the enzyme level. In contrast to earlier studies, this study achieved a clear temporal separation of growing cells devoid of secondary metabolism-specific enzymes from nongrowing cells, which rapidly produce these enzymes. A spore inoculum, silicone-treated flasks, and two new media which supported a rapid, pellet-free, filamentous type of growth were used. In yeast extract-glucose-buffer medium, a marked drop in the specific growth rate (approximately equal to 0.26 h-1) coincided with the appearance of the first pathway-specific enzyme, 6-methylsalicylic acid synthetase, at about 19 h after inoculation. About 3 h later, when replicatory growth had ceased entirely, the sparsely branched mycelia (length, approximately equal to 550 microns) began the rapid synthesis of a later pathway enzyme, m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase. A similar sequence of events occurred in a defined nitrate-glucose-buffer medium; 12 other strains or isolates of P. urticae, as well as some patulin-producing aspergilli, behaved in a similar manner. The age at which a culture produced m hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase was increased by increasing the nutrient nitrogen content of the medium or by decreasing the size of the spore inoculum. In each instance the appearance of enzyme was determined by the nutritional status of the culture and not by its age. A similar appearance of patulin pathway enzymes occurred when a growing culture was resuspended in a nitrogen-free 4% glucose solution with or without 0.1 M phosphate (pH 6.5). The appearance of both the synthetase and the dehydrogenase was arrested by the addition of cycloheximide (0.4 to 5 micrograms/ml) or actinomycin D (20 to 80 micrograms/ml). This requirement for de novo protein and ribonucleic acid syntheses was confirmed by the incorporation of labeled leucine into the dehydrogenase, and the possibility that latent or preformed proteins were being activated was eliminated. PMID- 6988383 TI - Roles of nifF and nifJ gene products in electron transport to nitrogenase in Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Crude extracts of the wild-type Klebsiella pneumoniae reduced C2H2 with either pyruvate or formate as reductant (specific activity, 3 nmol min-1 mg of protein 1), whereas crude extracts of nifF mutant were almost inactive (specific activity, 0.05). However, activity in the latter extracts was stimulated by adding Azotobacter chroococcum flavodoxin (specific activity, 10). Thus, nifF mutants may lack an electron transport factor. Crude extracts of nifJ mutants had about 20% of the wild-type level of active MoFe protein, and thus nifJ has a presumptive role in maintaining active MoFe protein. Studies on pyruvate or formate as reductants for nitrogenase in extracts of the nifJ mutants suggest in addition a role in electron input to nitrogenase for the following reasons. (i) Nitrogenase activity with these reductants was very low (specific activity, 0.06) and was not stimulated by extra MoFe protein or the flavodoxin. (ii) Activity was increased by adding a crude extract of a mutant lacking the structural nif genes (specific activity, 1) or a crude extract of the nifF mutant (specific activity, 4). PMID- 6988384 TI - Enzymes II of the phosphotransferase system do not catalyze sugar transport in the absence of phosphorylation. AB - In Salmonella typhimurium, glucose, mannose, and fructose are normally transported and phosphorylated by the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. We have investigated the transport of these sugars and their non-metabolizable analogs in mutant strains lacking the phospho-carrier proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system, the enzymes I and HPr, to determine whether the sugar-specific, membrane-bound components of the phosphonenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system, the enzymes II, can catalyze the uptake of these sugars in the absence of phosphorylation. This process does not occur. We have also isolated mutant strains which lack enzyme I and HPr, but have regained the ability to grow on mannose or fructose. These mutants contained elevated levels of mannokinase (fructokinase). In addition, growth on mannose required constitutive synthesis of the galactose permease. When strains were constructed which lacked the galactose permease, they were unable to grow even on high concentrations of mannose, although elevated levels of mannokinase (fructokinase) were present. These results substantiate the conclusion that the enzymes II of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system are unable to carry out facilitated diffusion. PMID- 6988385 TI - Function of positive regulatory gene gal4 in the synthesis of galactose pathway enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence that the GAL81 region codes for part of the gal4 protein. AB - A meiotic fine structure map of the gal4 locus was constructed, which extended over 0.44 units on the chromosome (units in percent frequency of supposed recombination). Several nonsense gal4 mutations (four UAA and two supposed UGA [gal4-62 and gal4-69]) were placed at various sites on the map. In reversion experiments with 20 independently isolated gal4 mutants, only the gal4-62 and gal4-69 alleles, which are located at the same site on the map, could revert to overcome the superrepression of gal80s-1 spontaneously with a frequency of approximately 4 x 10(-7). Secondary mutations in the revertants occurred in the region of gal4-62 or were due to unlinked suppressors. A total of 15 GAL81 mutations in 19 isolates were found to be located in the same region as gal4-62 by three-point crosses with the aid of gal4 mutants; the other four could not be analyzed. The reverted gal4 gene and GAL81 mutations were semidominant over the wild-type GAL4+ allele and fully dominant over a nonsense gal4 mutation. Four suppressors (one dominant and three recessive) effective against gal4-62 and gal4 69 were isolated. The dominant suppressor was also effective against three independent, authentic auxotrophic UGA nonsense mutations, and one of the three recessive suppressors were effective against the authentic auxotrophic UAA and UAG mutations. These results strongly support the idea that the gal4 locus is expressed constitutively and codes for a regulatory protein. The GAL81 site mapped inside the locus codes for a part of the gal4 protein but does not work as an operator. PMID- 6988386 TI - Yeast mutants auxotrophic for choline or ethanolamine. AB - Three mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which require exogenous ethanolamine or choline were isolated. The mutants map to a single locus (cho1) on chromosome V. The lipid composition suggests that cho1 mutants do not synthesize phosphatidylserine under any growth conditions. If phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylcholine, which are usually derived from phosphatidylserine, were synthesized from exogenous ethanolamine or choline, the mutants grew and divided relatively normally. However, mitochondrial abnormalities were evident even when ethanolamine and choline were supplied. Diploids homozygous for the cho1 mutation were defective in sporulation. Growth on nonfermentable carbon sources was slow, and a high proportion of respiratory deficient (petite) cells were generated in cho1 cultures. PMID- 6988387 TI - Isolation and characterization of a composite plasmid Rms201 mutant temperature sensitive for replication. AB - A mutant temperature-sensitive for R-plasmid replication, Rms201ts14, was isolated from composite plasmid Rms201 after mutagenesis of P1 transducing lysate with 100 mM hydroxylamine for 40 h at 37 degrees C. When Escherichia coli ML1410(Rms201ts14)(+) was grown at temperatures between 40 and 42 degrees C in L broth, antibiotic-sensitive cells were segregated. When the incubation temperature of ML1410(Rms201ts14)(+) in L-broth was shifted to 42 from 30 degrees C, the increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant cells ceased 90 min after the temperature shift. However, the total number of cells continuously increased, and only 3% of the cells retained the plasmid at 5 h after the temperature shift to 42 degrees C. At 30 degrees C the amounts of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid per chromosome of Rms201ts14 and Rms201 were 3.8 and 6.3%, respectively. Incorporation of radioactive thymidine into the covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid of Rms201ts14 did not take place at 42 degrees C, whereas radioactive thymidine was incorporated into the covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid of Rms201 at a rate of 4%/chromosome even at 42 degrees C. The synthesis of plasmid covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid in a cell harboring Rms201ts14 was almost completely blocked at 42 degrees C. These results indicated that the gene(s) responsible for plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid replication was affected in the mutant Rms201ts14. Temperature-sensitive miniplasmid pMSts214, which has a molecular weight of 5.3 x 10(6) and encodes ampicillin resistance, was isolated from Rms201ts14. Similarly, miniplasmid pMS201, which encodes single ampicillin resistance, was isolated from its parent, Rms201, and its molecular weight was 4.7 x 10(6). These results indicate that the gene(s) causing temperature sensitivity for replication of Rms201 resides on the miniplasmid. PMID- 6988388 TI - Regulation of carbohydrate transport activities in Salmonella typhimurium: use of the phosphoglycerate transport system to energize solute uptake. AB - The phosphoglycerate transport system was employed to supply energy-depleted, lysozyme-treated Salmonella typhimurium cells with a continuous intracellular source of phosphoenolpyruvate. When the cells had been induced to high levels of the phosphoglycerate transport system, a low extracellular concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate (0.1 mM) half maximally stimulated uptake of methyl alpha glucoside via the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. If the phosphoglycerate transport system was not induced before energy depletion, 100 times this concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate was required for half-maximal stimulation. Phosphoenolpyruvate could not be replaced by other energy sources if potassium fluoride (an inhibitor of enolase) was present. Inhibition of [14C] glycerol uptake into energy-depleted cells by methyl alpha-glucoside was demonstrated. A concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate which stimulated methyl alpha-glucoside accumulation counteracted the inhibitory effect of the glucoside. In the presence of potassium fluoride, phosphoenolpyruvate could not be replaced by other energy sources. Inhibition of glycerol uptake by methyl alpha-glucoside in intact untreated cells was also counteracted by phosphoenolpyruvate, but several energy sources were equally effective; potassium fluoride was without effect. These and other results were interpreted in terms of a mechanism in which the relative proportions of the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of a cell constituent influence the activity of the glycerol transport system. PMID- 6988389 TI - Purification and characterization of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate synthetase from Escherichia coli. AB - 3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate (KDO)-8-phosphate synthetase has been purified 450 fold from frozen Escherichia coli B cells. The purified enzyme catalyzed the stoichiometric formation of KDO-8-phosphate and Pi from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and D-arabinose-5-phosphate. The enzyme showed no metal requirement for activity and was inhibited by 1 mM Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+. The inhibition by Hg2+ could be reversed by dithiothreitol. The optimum temperature for enzyme activity was determined to be 45 degrees C, and the energy of activation calculated by the Arrhenius equation was 15,000 calories (ca. 3,585 J) per mol. The enzyme activity was shown to be pH and buffer dependent, showing two pH optima, one at pH 4.0 to 6.0 in succinate buffer and one at pH 9.0 in glycine buffer. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 5.1. KDO-8-phosphate synthetase had a molecular weight of 90,000 +/- 6,000 as determined by molecular sieving through G-200 Sephadex and by Ferguson analysis using polyacrylamide gels. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the 90,000-molecular-weight native enzyme was composed of three identical subunits, each with an apparent molecular weight of 32,000 +/- 4,000. The enzyme had an apparent Km for D-arabinose-5-phosphate of 2 X 10(-5) M and an apparent Km for PEP of 6 X 10(-6) M. No other sugar or sugar phosphate could substitute for D-arabinose-5-phosphate. D-Ribose-5-phosphate was a competitive inhibitor of D-arabinose-5-phosphate, with an apparent Ki of 1 X 10(-3) M. The purified enzyme has been utilized to synthesize millimole quantities of pure KDO-8-phosphate. PMID- 6988390 TI - Genetic and molecular characteristics of Vir plasmids of bovine septicemic Escherichia coli. AB - Three wild strains of bovine septicemic Escherichia coli were selected on the basis of their production of a toxin lethal for mice and chickens and their characteristic surface antigen. The transfer of these virulence (Vir) properties from two of the three to recipient E. coli was detected after mating. One Vir plasmid (pJL1) was derepressed for transfer and associated with mobilization of chromosomal markers. The other, pJL2, was repressed. Both plasmids were tagged with transposon Tn5 (kanamycin resistance), and transfer parameters of the tagged plasmids were studied. The Tn5 insertion in pJL2 usually increased transfer efficiency 100-fold. Plasmid pJL1 was classified as a member of the FIV incompatibility group. A pJL1::Tn5 derivative plasmid was incompatible with ColV1. Plasmid pJL2 behaved as an fi+ plasmid. Both plasmids pJL1 and pJL2 had a molecular weight of 92 x 10(6) and were present at about four copies per chromosome; their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) structures were not identical on the basis of restriction enzyme analysis. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a polynucleotide sequence homology of at least 58% between the two plasmids. No plasmids could be detected in one wild or certain laboratory-derived Vir+ E. coli strains. PMID- 6988393 TI - Primary structure of the Escherichia coli serotype K30 capsular polysaccharide. AB - Methylation, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and bacteriophage degradation results indicate that the Escherichia coli serotype K30 capsular polysaccharide consists of leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to chains carrying beta-D-GlcUAp-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1 leads to branches at position 3 of the mannoses. PMID- 6988392 TI - Involvement of the ftsA gene product in late stages of the Escherichia coli cell cycle. AB - Strain D-3 was shown, by genetic complementation with lambda phage vectors carrying either the wild type or a temperature-sensitive allele, to contain an ftsA mutation. The presence of this mutation rendered the strain unable to divide at 42 degrees C. The action of the ftsA gene product in strain D-3 takes place at a late stage of the cycle, starting near the end of the replication cycle and extending until cell division is completed. The action of the ftsA gene product seemed to take a constant time, independent of the duration of the cell division cycle. Experiments in which all other requirements for division except a "termination protein" were completed show that cells of strain D-3 can divide under these conditions only at the permissive temperature. We conclude that a likely role for the ftsA gene product is that of a termination protein. PMID- 6988391 TI - Protein expression in Escherichia coli minicells containing recombinant plasmids specifying trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductases. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid fragments containing the structural genes for several trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductases from naturally occurring plasmids were inserted into small cloning vehicles. The genetic expression of these hybrid plasmids was studied in purified Escherichia coli minicells. The type I dihydrofolate reductase, encoded by plasmid R483 and residing within transposon 7 (Tn7), had a subunit molecular weight of 18,000. The type II dihydrofolate reductase, specified by plasmid R67, had a subunit molecular weight of 9,000. These two enzymes were antigenically distinct in that anti-type II dihydrofolate reductase (R67) antibody did not cross-react with the type I (R483) protein. The trimethoprim-resistant reductase specified by plasmid R388 had a subunit molecular weight of about 10,500 and was immunologically related to the type II (R67) enzyme. A 9,000 subunit of the dihydrofolate encoded by the transposition element Tn402 was also antigenically related to the R67 reductase. PMID- 6988394 TI - Modification of aspartate before its condensation with dihydroxyacetone phosphate during quinolinic acid formation in Escherichia coli. AB - A crude enzyme preparation from a nadA mutant of Escherichia coli was used to catalyze the conversion of [14C]aspartic acid into a precursor of quinolinic acid, a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. PMID- 6988395 TI - Caffeine resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Four caffeine-resistant haploid isolates, two resistant to 50 mM caffeine and two resistant to 100 mM caffeine, were genetically analyzed. Complementation and tetrad analysis indicated that all four mutations are alleles of the same locus. All four isolates demonstrated incomplete dominance when hybridized to the wild type strain and dominance of high to low resistance when hybridized to one another. Differences in caffeine resistance were found between wild-type grande cells and its petite derivative. PMID- 6988396 TI - Physical characterization of plasmids determining synthesis of a microcin which inhibits methionine synthesis in Escherichia coli. AB - Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from each of three antibiotic resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli producing the same microcin showed multiple bands upon agarose gel electrophoresis. Transformants selected either for microcin resistance or ampicillin resistance yielded plasmid DNA corresponding in size to only one of the multiple bands. Plasmids, isolated from all three hosts, which determined microcin resistance and microcin production measured about 4 megadaltons by sucrose density, restriction enzyme, and contour length analyses; cleavage of the DNAs by each of eight restriction enzymes showed the same response, and DNA-DNA hybridization indicated complete homology. The antibiotic resistance plasmids of the three host strains were uniformly larger, were of different sizes, and showed different restriction enzyme cleavage patterns. One of these R plasmids (pCP106) also determined the synthesis of the same microcin, and DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated an approximate 2.4 megadalton homology with the 4-megadalton microcin plasmid pCP101. The microcin plasmids were present at approximately 20 copies per genome equivalent and were nonconjugative, whereas the R plasmids had a copy number of about 1, were conjugative, and could mobilize the microcin plasmid. Microcin plasmid pCP101 showed replication properties similar to those of a number of small multicopy plasmids such as ColE1. PMID- 6988397 TI - Replication of ColE1 plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in a thermosensitive dnaA mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - The replication of ColE1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) took place at the restrictive temperature in a dnaA mutant, dnaA167(Ts). It proceeded at a constant rate at 42 degrees C for at least 3 h. The replication was insensitive to rifampin, which blocked replication at the permissive temperature or in the presence of chloramphenicol, even at the restrictive temperature. A linear DNA strand of ColE1 longer than unit genome size was synthesized. The structure of the replicating molecules observed by electron microscopy was mostly sigma shaped, composed of a circle of a unit genome length with a double-stranded tail. These observations suggest that the replication of ColE1 DNA proceeds via a rolling-circle type of structure in the absence of dnaA function. PMID- 6988398 TI - Melibiose transport of Escherichia coli. AB - Transport of [3H]melibiose, prepared from [3H]raffinose, was investigated in Escherichia coli. Na+ stimulated the transport of melibiose via the melibiose system, whereas Li+ inhibited it. Kinetic parameters of melibiose transport were determined. The Kt values were 0.57 mM in the absence of Na+ or Li+, 0.27 mM in the presence of 10 mM NaCl, and 0.29 mM in the presence of 10 mM LiCl. The Vmax values were 40 and 46 nmol/min per mg of protein in the absence and in the presence of NaCl and 18 nmol/min per mg of protein in the presence of LiCl. Melibiose transport via the melibiose system was temperature sensitive in a wild type strain of Escherichia coli and was not inhibited by lactose. On the other hand, melibiose uptake via the lactose system was not temperature sensitive, was inhibited by lactose, and was not affected by Na+ and Li+. Methyl-beta-D thiogalactoside, a substrate for both systems, inhibited the transport of melibiose via both systems. PMID- 6988399 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase activity and cell cycle regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the specific activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was correlated with overall growth status. The activity of ODC was highest in actively growing cells, whereas the specific activity was lower in slow-growing cultures limited for nitrogen or inhibited by low concentrations of cycloheximide. Specific activities of ODC were also low in cultures arrested in the stationary phase (in the G1 portion of the cell cycle) by starvation for required nutrients. Although correlated with overall growth, ODC activity was not required for growth or cell cycle regulation. Cells continued to grow in the presence of the polyamine spermidine or spermine, which markedly reduced ODC specific activities. Thus, high levels of ODC activity were not necessary for growth, nor were decreased ODC specific activities sufficient to cause cells to arrest in G1. Conversely, one agent (o-phenanthroline) which causes growing cells to arrest in G1 did so with no effect on ODC specific activity. Therefore, ODC specific activity changes are not necessary for cell cycle regulation but simply reflect the normal growth status of cells. PMID- 6988400 TI - Composition of cardiolipin molecular species in Escherichia coli. AB - The composition of the molecular species of acidic phospholipids in Escherichia coli B during the late exponential growth phase at 37 degrees C was determined. Two phosphatidyl groups of cardiolipin, the 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl) and 1-(3-sn phosphatidyl) moieties of cardiolipin, were isolated by limited hydrolysis with phospholipase C. No significant difference in the composition of the molecular species was found between the 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl) and 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl) moieties. On the other hand, the composition of the molecular species of phosphatidylglycerol was different from that of cardiolipin. Phosphatidylglycerol contained more of the 1-palmitoyl 2-cis-9,10-methylenehexadecanoyl and 1 palmitoyl 2-cis-11,12-methyleneoctadecanoyl species than did cardiolipin. The difference in the composition of the molecular species between cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol may depend on the difference in the turnover rates of both phospholipids. PMID- 6988401 TI - Biochemistry and regulation of a second L-proline transport system in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - This paper reports some biochemical characteristics of a second L-proline transport system in Salmonella typhimurium. In the accompanying paper, R. Menzel and J. Roth (J. Bacteriol. 141:1064--1070, 1980) have identified this system by showing that it is inactivated by mutations at the locus proP. We have found that it is an active transport system with an apparent Km for L-proline of 3 x 10(-4) M and a strict specificity for L-proline and some of its analogs. Unlike the L proline transport system encoded in putP, this second system is induced by amino acid limitation. PMID- 6988402 TI - In vivo inactivation of glycerol dehydrogenase in Klebsiella aerogenes: properties of active and inactivated proteins. AB - Glycerol:oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) 2-oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.6), an inducible enzyme for anaerobic glycerol catabolism in Klebsiella aerogenes, was purified and found to have a molecular weight of 79,000 by gel electrophoresis. The protein seemed to be enzymatically active either as a dimer of a 40,000-dalton peptide at pH 8.6 or as a tetramer of 160,000 molecular weight at pH 7.0. The enzyme activity was present at high levels in cells growing anaerobically on glycerol, but disappeared with a half-life of about 45 min if molecular oxygen was introduced to the culture. In contrast, no such phenomenon occurred with dihydroxyacetone kinase activity, the second enzyme in the pathway. Immunochemical analysis showed that the inactivation of the oxidoreductase did not involve degradation of the protein. Furthermore, subunits of the active and inactive forms of the enzyme were indistinguishable in size on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and had similar isoelectric points (pH 4.7). Inactivation did, however, alter the gel filtration properties of the enzyme protein and, more importantly, reduced its affinity for the dye Cibacron F3GA and the coenzyme NAD+. PMID- 6988403 TI - Genetic and physiological characterization of Escherichia coli mutants deficient in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity. AB - Mutants doubly deficient in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pck) and phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase (pps) were unable to grow with succinate as the sole carbon source. A number of pck mutations isolated from pps strains by penicillin selection mapped at 74 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome, between glpD and aroB. Several of the strains containing these mutations had a protein antigenically related to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and therefore, the mutations probably represented mutations in the structural gene for this enzyme. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was regulated at the level of transcription by catabolite repression. Enzyme levels also increased in stationary-phase cultures by a mechanism independent of cyclic adenosine monophosphate or the product of the relA gene. PMID- 6988404 TI - Cotranslational secretion of diphtheria toxin and alkaline phosphatase in vitro: involvement of membrane protein(s). AB - Crude messenger ribonucleic acid fractions isolated from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Escherichia coli were translated in an E. coli in vitro protein synthesizing system and yielded precursors of the secreted proteins diphtheria toxin and alkaline phosphatase, respectively. Addition of inverted E. coli inner membrane vesicles to the system during the initial stages of translation resulted in the intravesicular segregation of mature diphtheria toxin and alkaline phosphatase. Outer membrane vesicles or inner membrane vesicles whose cytoplasmic surfaces had been treated with pronase could not mediate transmembrane transfer of diphtheria toxin or alkaline phosphatase. However, inner membrane vesicles isolated from E. coli spheroplasts which had been treated with pronase and inner membrane vesicles complexed with ribosomes during pronase treatment were functional in transmembrane transfer. At temperatures below the phase transition of E. coli membranes, no intravesicular segregation of alkaline phosphatase or diphtheria toxin was observed. The precursor forms of each protein accumulated free from the vesicles. These results suggest that an inner membrane protein, exposed on the cytoplasmic surface, plays an integral role in secretion. PMID- 6988405 TI - Coordination between chromosome replication and cell division in Escherichia coli. AB - Cell division properties of Escherichia coli B/r containing either a dnaC or a dnaI mutation were examined. Incubation at nonpermissive temperature resulted in the eventual production of cells of approximately normal size, or slightly smaller, which lacked chromosomal DNA. The cell division patterns in cultures which were grown at permissive temperature and then shifted to nonpermissive temperature were consistent with: first, division and equipartition of chromosomes by cells which were in the C and D periods at the time of the shift; second, an apparent delay in cell division; and third, commencement of the formation of chromosomeless cells. In glucose-grown cultures of the dnaI mutant, production of chromosomeless cells continued for at least 120 min, whereas in the dnaC mutant chromosomeless cells were formed during a single interval between 110 and 130 min after the temperature shift. The results are discussed in light of the hypothesis that replication of a specific chromosomal region is not an obligatory requirement for the initiation and completion of the processes leading to division in a cell which contains at least one functioning chromosome. PMID- 6988406 TI - Biosynthesis and catabolism of 6-deoxy L-talitol by Klebsiella aerogenes mutants. AB - A mutant strain of Klebsiella aerogenes was constructed and, when incubated anaerobically with L-fucose and glycerol, synthesized and excreted a novel methyl pentitol, 6-deoxy L-talitol. The mutant was constitutive for the synthesis of L fucose isomerase but unable to synthesize L-fuculokinase activity. Thus, it could convert the L-fucose to L-fuculose but was incapable of phosphorylating L fuculose to L-fuculose 1-phosphate. The mutant was also constitutive for the synthesis of ribitol dehydrogenase, and in the presence of sufficient reducing power this latter enzyme catalyzed the reduction of the L-fuculose to 6-deoxy L talitol. The reducing equivalents required for this reaction were generated by the oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone with an anaerobic glycerol dehydrogenase. The parent strain of K. aerogenes was unable to utilize the purified 6-deoxy L-talitol as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth; however, mutant could be isolated which had gained this ability. Such mutants were found to be constitutive for the synthesis of ribitol dehydrogenase and were thus capable of oxidizing 6-deoxy L-talitol to L-fuculose. Further metabolism of L-fuculose was shown by mutant analysis to be mediated by the enzymes of the L fucose catabolic pathway. PMID- 6988407 TI - Mutation in the structural gene for seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase of Escherichia coli which affects formation of its gene product at high temperature. AB - The rate of formation of seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase activity was temperature dependent in a temperature-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli (K28) with an altered seryl-tRNA synthetase structural gene and in a class of spontaneous revertants derived from it. These revertants, which were selected by their ability to grow at 45 degrees C, had high levels of the thermolabile enzyme. The rate of formation of seryl-tRNA synthetase activity in the mutant and in the revertants fell from 100% to near zero with a 4 degrees C temperature range from 40 to 44 degrees C. The temperature-dependent rate of formation of seryl-tRNA synthetase activity was reversible. Dropping the temperature from 44 to 37 degrees C resulted, after a 2- to 3-min delay, in a resumption of the initial rate of formation of enzyme activity. The results could not be accounted for by in vivo or in vitro degradation of the active enzyme. Addition of rifampin just before the temperature shift down from 44 to 37 degrees C inhibited the appearance of seryl-tRNA synthetase activity at the lower temperature. Explanations which might account for these phenomena are proposed. PMID- 6988408 TI - Altered immunochemical reactivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae a-cells after alpha factor-induced morphogenesis. AB - Antibodies were raised against Saccharomyces cerevisiae a-cells that had been exposed to the sex pheromone, alpha-factor. After adsorption of the antiserum with diploid cells, antibodies remained that reacted specifically with the mannan from haploid cells. The characteristic determinant was observed in mannan from pheromone-treated a-cells, in mannan from untreated alpha-cells, and at a much lower concentration, in mannan from control a-cells. The antigens from these three mannans appeared to be identical. The determinant was destroyed by mild acid hydrolysis or periodate oxidation, but not by proteolysis or digestion with exo-alpha-mannanase. Mutants with altered mannan were unable to express the antigen. Complete acid hydrolysates mannan from alpha-factor-treated a-cells contained mannose, glucose, and N-acetylglucosamine. Partial acid hydrolysis, under conditions that destroyed the antigenic determinant, released only mannose and mannobiose. The mannose fraction was labeled to high specific activity during response of a-cells to alpha-factor if radioactive glucose was the carbon source. Neither alpha- not beta-D-mannopyranosyl phosphate was a hapten. The results are consistent with the presence of a haploid-specific antigen containing an acid labile mannose determinant and show that the amount of this antigen in a-cell mannan is increased in response to alpha-factor. PMID- 6988409 TI - Stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication fork movement by spermidine analogs in polyamine-deficient Escherichia coli. AB - We examined the rate of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication fork movement in polyamine-deficient cells of Escherichia coli by two independent techniques. DNA autoradiography was used to directly visualize the length of DNA produced during a given time interval, and replication rates were calculated. The amount of DNA synthesized after blocking protein synthesis also allowed calculation of replication rates. We found that the DNA chain elongation rate in polyamine deficient cells was about half that of putrescine- or spermidine-supplemented cells. We also found that spermidine homologs of increasing chain length, when present at equal intracellular concentrations, exhibited a decreasing ability to support growth and the rate of DNA replication fork movement. The kinetics of recovery of DNA synthesis from the polyamine-deficient state were also investigated. A new rate of DNA synthesis was reached about 20 min after addition of spermidine to polyamine-limited cells. The rise in the rate of DNA synthesis was preceded by a rise in the intracellular concentration of spermidine. PMID- 6988410 TI - In vivo and in vitro kinetics of nitrogenase. AB - We measured some of the kinetic parameters of nitrogenase to intact systems of Clostridium pasteurianum and Klebsiella pneumoniae to compare them with the kinetics of the enzyme in vitro. We found that the enzyme showed multiple apparent Km values for acetylene reduction in vivo, as it does in vitro. Carbon monoxide was a noncompetitive inhibitor of acetylene reduction; azide was a noncompetitive inhibitor of acetylene reduction, and nitrogen was a partial inhibitor of acetylene reduction. Cyanide was a noncompetitive inhibitor of acetylene reduction in C. pasteurianum but it was a metabolic poison in K. pneumoniae, in addition to being an inhibitor of nitrogenase. The partial nature of nitrogen inhibition was apparent in assays where both nitrogen and CO were present. Nitrogen did not alter the apparent Ki for CO, nor did the presence of CO enhance the competitive effectiveness of nitrogen. By using recombined nitrogenase fractions, we found that the ability of nitrogen to inhibit hydrogen evolution or acetylene reduction varied with the ratio of protein components. The in vivo inhibition of acetylene reduction by dinitrogen was comparable to that obtained with an excess of the Fe protein in vitro. We conclude that there is an effective excess of the Fe protein available under active growth conditions in vivo. PMID- 6988411 TI - Shigella toxin inhibition of binding and translation of polyuridylic acid by Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - Shigella toxin inhibits polyuridylic acid-directed polymerization of phenylalanine in ribosome-enzyme systems obtained from Escherichia coli or from Shigella dysenteriae. The inhibition is the result of toxin acting on ribosomes to prevent polyuridylic acid attachment. PMID- 6988412 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid-deficient strains of Candida albicans. AB - We analyzed a series of germ tube-negative variants isolated from Candida albicans 3153A for deoxyribonucleic acid content. As analyzed by flow microfluorometry, the deoxyribonucleic acid level in these variant strains was 50% of that of the parental strain and equivalent to that of haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This finding was confirmed by comparison of survival rates when exposed to the mutagens ultraviolet light, ethyl methane sulfonate, and methyl methane sulfonate. The diameter of the variant cells as compared to the diameter of the parental 3153A strain showed a relationship similar to that of the diameters of haploid versus diploid S. cerevisiae. These results indicate that those strains may be representative of the imperfect stage of C. albicans. PMID- 6988413 TI - Characterization of the cell wall and cell wall proteins of Chromatium vinosum. AB - Highly purified cell walls of Chromatium vinosum were isolated by differential centrifugation, with or without Triton X-100 extraction. The isolated material had a protein composition similar to that of cell walls obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Twenty-two proteins were reproducibly detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A 42-kilodalton protein was shown to account for 65% of the total cell wall protein. The majority of cell wall proteins were solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate at room temperature; however, they existed as high-molecular-weight complexes unless heated to 45 degrees C or above. The cell wall contained one heat-modifiable protein which migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 37,400 when solubilized at 70 degrees C or below, but which migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 52,500 if solubilized at 100 degrees C. The electrophoretic mobility of three proteins was modified by 2-mercaptoethanol. The majority of C. vinosum cell wall proteins had isoelectric points between pH 4.5 and 5.5, and the 42-kilodalton protein focused at pH 4.9. No proteins were detected which were analogous to the lipoprotein or peptidoglycan-associated proteins of the Enterobacteriaceae. Nearest-neighbor analysis with a reducible, cross-linking reagent indicated that three proteins, including the 42-kilodalton protein, associated with themselves. Most of the cell wall proteins were partially accessible to proteases in both intact cells and isolated cell walls. Protease treatment of the whole cell or isolated cell wall digested approximately an 11,000-molecular-weight portion of the 42-kilodalton protein. PMID- 6988414 TI - Protein identifications of O'Farrell two-dimensional gels: locations of 81 Escherichia coli proteins. AB - The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis method of P. H. O'Farrell readily resolves approximately 1,000 proteins from whole-cell homogenates. We have found that the location of most individual proteins is sufficiently reproducible and precise to permit different laboratories to exchange information about them. We present the location of 81 Escherichia coli structural proteins, binding proteins, enzymes, and factors, identified with the aid of purified proteins supplied to us by many investigators. PMID- 6988415 TI - Inhibition of canavanyl-protein proteolysis in Escherichia coli by rifampin. AB - Rifampin inhibited the intracellular proteolysis of canavanine-induced, rapidly sedimenting protein complexes in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6988416 TI - Distribution of coenzyme B12-dependent diol dehydratase and glycerol dehydratase in selected genera of Enterobacteriaceae and Propionibacteriaceae. AB - The presence of diol dehydratase and glycerol dehydratase was shown in several bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae grown anaerobically on 1,2-propanediol and on glycerol, respectively. Diol dehydratases of Enterobacteriaceae were immunologically similar, but distinct from that of Propionibacterium freudenreichii. PMID- 6988417 TI - Asymmetric localization of lipopolysaccharides on the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Treatment of intact cells of Salmonella typhimurium with galactose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.9) resulted in an extensive oxidation of the susceptible galactose residues in the lipopolysaccharides. Comparison with the extent of oxidation in isolated lipopolysaccharides indicated that most lipopolysaccharide molecules were located in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane in intact cells. PMID- 6988418 TI - [Lytic effect of human leukocytic proteases on gingival tissue]. AB - Sections of human gingiva obtained in a cryostat have been treated with the granular fraction of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) at pH 3,6 and 7,3, as well as with the enzyme elastase (neutral protease) purified from the same cells. The sections treated by the enzymes have been compared to control serial sections incubated in the absence of enzyme or with the enzyme in the presence of a specific inhibitor. The results showed that the granular fraction at an acid pH seems to affect primarily the connective tissue, while the same fraction at a neutral pH, like the enzyme elastase exerts a preferential action upon epithelium structures. PMID- 6988419 TI - Morphometric study of the effects of insulin on the rat submandibular gland. AB - After administration of an overdose of insulin, the following effects on the rat submandibular gland were observed: increased gland weight and acinar cell size, with increased cytoplasmic acidophilia and a larger number of secretory granules. The granular ducts showed higher cells and increased nuclear volume. The above data were confirmed by morphometric techniques. The total protein values for the submandibular gland were higher in rats 30 and 60 minutes after insulin overdose, when compared with those for control rats. Administration of an overdose of insulin caused a lowering of the glycemic level during the entire experimental period. PMID- 6988421 TI - Shift of the equilibrium constant of the 3-P-glycerate kinase reaction towards 1,3-bis-P-glycerate with adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiotriphosphate) (ATP beta S) as substrate. AB - It has been demonstrated that the reaction of ATP beta S and 3-P-glycerate catalyzed by 3-P-glycerate kinase, unlike the reaction with ATP, can form a readily detectable amount of 1,3-bis-P-glycerate as observed by 31P NMR. By quantifying production of 1,3-bis-P-glycerate from the phosphorothioate analogue of ATP as a function of time as the reaction approaches equilibrium, Keq for the reaction was estimated to be approximately 400, about 1 order of magnitude less than the equilibrium constant previously reported for the analogous reaction of the normal nucleotide substrates. PMID- 6988420 TI - Sulfhydryl groups of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1. Location along the polypeptide chain. AB - The location of the functionally important -SH groups of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1 along the polypeptide chain has been determined using a cysteine-specific cleavage procedure. The two -SH groups of S1 are located at 57% and 67% of the polypeptide chain length from the NH2 terminus. The -SH group farther from the NH2 terminus is shown to be the more reactive one. Two truncated derivatives of S1 (S1-F1 and m1-S1) both contain two -SH groups. It has previously been shown that S1-F1 (which lacks the NH2-terminal region of S1) is inactive in unfolding nucleic acids, just as the N-ethylmaleimide derivative of S1. The present results therefore show that the formation and functioning of the nucleic acid unfolding domain of protein S1 requires the -SH group(s) as well as the NH2-terminal region. PMID- 6988422 TI - The binding of NADH to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase at subzero temperatures. A three-step reaction. AB - The binding reaction of NADH to liver alcohol dehydrogenase was investigated at temperatures to -45 degrees C using a cryosolvent composed of 50% aqueous dimethylsulfoxide. At temperatures below -30 degrees C, the reaction produced biphasic changes in the protein fluorescence. The slow phase caused a 15 to 20% quenching of protein fluorescence, reached a maximum at 50 to 100 micro M NADH, and had an energy of activation of 27.3 kcal/mol. The fast phase appeared to be linearly dependent upon NADH concentration, produced a 45 to 50% quenching of the protein fluorescence, and had an energy of activation of 19.6 kcal/mol. The results are interpreted in terms of a three-step binding reaction, corresponding to initial complexation followed by conformational changes. PMID- 6988423 TI - Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II of Escherichia coli. Evidence for function in the thermal regulation of fatty acid synthesis. AB - Cvc- mutants of Escherichia coli are deficient in the synthesis of cis-vaccenic acid and in the temperature control of fatty acid synthesis. In this communication, it is demonstrated that these mutants lack beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II. The deficiencies in cis-vaccenate synthesis and synthase II are shown to be due to a lesion in the same gene, fabF. Lesions in the fabF gene are found to affect growth only when the strain also carries a lesion in the fabB gene, the structural gene for beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I. PMID- 6988424 TI - Studies of the thiamin pyrophosphate binding site of Escherichia coli pyruvate oxidase. Evidence for an essential tryptophan residue. PMID- 6988425 TI - Characterization of the insulin receptor in its membrane environment by radiation inactivation. PMID- 6988426 TI - Complete primary structure of 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase. PMID- 6988427 TI - The synthesis of several immobilized derivatives of vitamin B12 coenzyme and their use as affinity adsorbents for a study of interactions of diol dehydrase with the coenzyme. PMID- 6988428 TI - Regulation of RNA polymerase synthesis. Conditional lethal amber mutations in the beta subunit gene. AB - Amber mutations in the rpoB gene specifying the beta subunit of RNA polymerase coupled with conditional amber suppressors were used to restrict the synthesis of core RNA polymerase in strains of Escherichia coli. Such a restriction stimulated transcription of genetic units containing RNA polymerase subunit genes. Within the L10 transcription unit (genetic structure: promotor (PL10), rplJ (L10), rplL (L7/L12), attenuator, rpoB (beta), rpoC (beta'), terminator), the initiation of transcription at the promotor was enhanced and termination at the transcription attenuator was relaxed. Transcription of the genetic unit containing the rpoA gene (alpha) was also enhanced. In the strain containing a non-polar amber mutation, the synthesis rate of the beta' subunit protein during the restriction correlated with the level of transcription of the beta and beta' genes. In contrast, synthesis of L7/L12 ribosomal protein remained essentially unaltered in spite of the elevated levels of L10-L7/L12 mRNA. PMID- 6988429 TI - Immunological quantitation and immunoadsorption of urokinase-like plasminogen activators secreted by human cells. PMID- 6988430 TI - Accumulation of glyceride-containing precursor of the outer membrane lipoprotein in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli treated with globomycin. AB - The protein accumulated in the cell envelope of Escherichia coli treated with globomycin was identified as the precursor of the outer membrane lipoprotein. The prolipoprotein was almost exclusively localized in the cytoplasmic membrane. The prolipoprotein could be immunoprecipitated with antilipoprotein immunoglobulin and could be chased to the lipoprotein in both in vivo and in vitro. Globomycin inhibited the chase. The prolipoprotein contained glycerol and fatty acid residues, whereas no free sulfhydryl group was detected in it. From these results, it is concluded that the prolipoprotein possesses a glyceride which is covalently bound to the cysteine residue in the peptide as the lipoprotein does and that the removal of signal peptide takes place after the modification. The inhibition of bacterial growth with increasing concentrations of globomycin was accompanied by a gradual increase in the accumulation of the prolipoprotein. Furthermore, growth of the lipoprotein-negative mutant was highly resistant to globomycin. These results strongly indicate that the accumulation of the prolipoprotein in the cytoplasmic membrane causes the death of cells. PMID- 6988431 TI - Butt joint versus bevelled gold margin in metalceramic crowns. AB - The merits of a butt joint versus a bevelled margin are reexamined. It is shown that only acute bevels are effective in reducing the marginal diffusion of plaque acid. However, acute gold bevels may give rise to other major problems in avoiding distortion of the gold during firing of the procelain, and finishing and cementing the crown. PMID- 6988432 TI - Management of fractures of the dens (odontoid process). PMID- 6988433 TI - David Marsh Bosworth, 1897-1979. PMID- 6988434 TI - Radionuclides in orthopaedic surgery. PMID- 6988436 TI - In memoriam George Perkins, 1892--1979. PMID- 6988435 TI - Morphological effects of torsion applied to growing bone. An in vivo study in rabbits. AB - In order to study the effect of pure torsional forces upon the rotational development of the growing tibia, 35 immature rabbits underwent torsional loading of one tibia in vivo with a spring-loaded cylinder while the other tibia was a control. The radiographic results showed rotation occurring only at the epiphysial plate. Histologically this was assocaited with angulation of the hypertrophic cartilage columns occurring as little as 24 hours after loading which with longer periods of loading produced angled primary and secondary trabeculae. Radiographic and histological analyses of the diaphysis using tetracycline labelling and Spalteholtz injection techniques failed to show any evidence of cortical remodelling or reorientation of the cortical vessels of a rotational nature, suggesting that rotational modelling occurs solely at the epiphysial plate. PMID- 6988437 TI - Vascular complications of surgical procedures. AB - Vascular complications of surgical procedures can be diagnosed at angiography, and in some cases, transcatheter treatment is possible. PMID- 6988438 TI - Operative correction of proximal blocks of the subclavian or innominate arteries. AB - Ninety-four operations were performed on 90 individuals with occlusive disease of the subclavian or innominate arteries during the past 17 years. The left subclavian was occluded in 71, the right in 10, and the innominate in 9. Presenting symptomatology was neurological in 34, arm ischemia in 30 and combined in 26. Blood pressure was reduced by 30 mmHg on the involved side in all. An extrathoracic approach was used in 78 and a transthoracic approach in 16. Early mortality 18.7% and morbidity 18.7% was associated with the transthoracic approach. Long subcutaneous axillo-axillary and axillo-carotid are prone to thrombosis and skin erosion. Carotid-subclavian grafts used in 64 remain patent, occasionally become infected (4.7%), are associated with a low mortality and do not develop "carotid steal". When associated with vascular insufficiency of the lower extremity (44%) the brachiocephalic lesion should be corrected first. PMID- 6988440 TI - Single clamp technique of Blalock and Taussig's operation. AB - Subclavian-pulmonary artery shunt is an accepted palliative procedure for severely cyanosed children and is usually performed, opposite to the side of the aortic arch, with a two clamp technique. Same anastomosis, on the side of the aortic arch, with a "Single clamp technique", has been tried on a series of 25 cases with less morbidity, no mortality and better functional results. This technique provides good approximation of the vessels with no tension, twisting or tearing at the anastomotic site and the extra length attained, to apply a single clamp, avoids kinking of the subclavian artery at its origin. PMID- 6988439 TI - The new De Vega technique in tricuspid annuloplasty (results in 150 patients). AB - A new technique of circular tricuspid annuloplasty in the treatment of tricuspid insufficiency is described. One hundred and fifty patients have been operated on by this technique between April 1973 and March 1975. The operative findings and the results of the operation from 6 to 30 months after operation are described. The addition of tricuspid circular annuloplasty to mitral and aortic valve replacements where indicated has resulted in a gratifying fall in operative mortality and better long term functional result. PMID- 6988441 TI - Involvement of an acrosinlike proteinase in the sulfhydryl-induced degradation of rabbit sperm nuclear protamine. AB - Previous studies demonstrated that proteolytic activity is associated with isolated rabbit sperm nuclei and is responsible for the degradation of nuclear protamine that occurs during thiol-induced in vitro decondensation of the nuclei (Zirkin and Chang, 1977; Chang and Zirkin, 1978). In this study, we present the results of experiments designed to characterize this proteolytic activity. Basic protein isolated from rabbit sperm nuclei incubated with 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and 1 percent Triton X-100 for increasing periods of time exhibited progressively faster migrating bands on acid-urea polyacrylamide gels, reflection the progressive degradation of protamine. Ultimately, a specific and characteristic peptide banding pattern resulted. When sperm nuclei were treated with the esterase inhibitor nitrophenyl-p-guanidino benzoate (NPGB) to inhibit the nuclear-associated proteolytic activity and then incubated with one of several exogenous proteinases in addition to DTT and Triton X-100, characteristic peptide banding patterns were seen for each exogenous proteinase employed. For trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, and papain, the peptide banding patterns differed from one another and from the pattern characteristic of protamine degradation by the nuclear-associated proteinase. By contrast, when rabbit acrosin served as the exogenous proteinase, the peptide banding pattern seen was identical to the pattern characteristic of the nuclear-associated proteinase. These results demonstrate directly that the proteinase associated with rabbit sperm nuclei and involved in sperm nuclear decondensation in vitro is acrosinlike. PMID- 6988442 TI - Interaction between vertebrate skeletal and uterine muscle myosins and light meromyosins. AB - The specific contributions of this work may be summarized as follows: (a) No hybridization of uterine and skeletal myosin occurs at pH 6.0 although previous studies have shown that hybridization does occur at pH 6.5 (B. Kaminer et al. 1976. J. Mol. Biol. 100:379-386) or 7.0 (T. Pollard. 1975. J. Cell Biol. 67:93 104) (b) Hybridization of uterine and skeletal light meromyosins (LMM) occurs at pH 7.0 but not at pH 6.0, which is analogous to the hybridization of myosins. (c) In hybridized paracrystals there is a uniform distribution of both uterine and skeletal LMM molecules because all the paracrystals have only one axial repeat pattern. This makes it highly likely that in hybridized filaments the two myosins are also uniformly distributed throughout the filaments. (d) The 14-nm repeat of white bands observed in paracrystals of uterine LMM formed at pH 6.0, compared with the 14-nm repeat of dark bands observed with skeletal LMM under the same conditions, probably reflects differences in surface charge density along the different LMM molecules. PMID- 6988444 TI - A twelve-channel automatic device for continuous recording of cell aggregation by measurement of small-angle light-scattering. AB - We describe here a 12-channel aggregometer, evolved from the instrument described by Beug & Gerisch in 1972, which records the course of aggregation or agglutination of cells or other particles by following the changes in light scattering of the aggregating suspension. The instrument incorporates a simple memory system for condensing the data, introduces an improved cuvette design, and can be adjusted in its responsiveness to light-scattering by particles of different sizes. In our aggregometer, a vertical wheel in an opaque thermostatted chamber accommodates up to 12 cuvettes each containing a cell suspension and an air bubble. The constant rising of the bubble as the wheel rotates causes the stirring action which promotes aggregation. At a certain point in its rotational path, each cuvette is penetrated by a beam of light focused upon an absorbing beam stop centred in front of a photomultiplier tube. Particles suspended in the cuvette scatter a portion of the light beyond the beam stop into the photomultiplier tube to produce an electrical pulse proportional to the photon input. Collection of these pulses with the wheel in continuous motion avoids any disturbance of the course of aggregation. The pulses are routed to memory circuits for summation and eventual recording by a 12-channel printing potentiometer which automatically colour-codes and numbers each curve. The cuvettes consist of 2 glass microscope coverslips affixed with silicone grease over a hole in a thin, stainless steel blank. They are very durable and are easily dismantled and reassembled for cleaning. The coverslips are replaced after each use. The discoid chamber of our cuvette permits uniform circulation of the bubble, which in turn causes gentle stirring of the aggregating suspension at a rate that is a direct and continuous function of rev/min. Measurement of light scattering at small angles (3--5.5 degrees) provides great sensitivity to the disappearance of single cells and progressively less sensitivity to the coalescence of aggregates of progressively larger size. The signal generated by the photomultipler tube decreases as aggregation proceeds. At 32 rev/min, one data point per channel, representing the sum (average) of 24 successive measurements, is printed every 45 s. In the course of a 60-min assay under standard conditions, up to 23040 individual readings can be automatically taken, summed and plotted. In a comparison of 8 identical samples run simultaneously, the printed values after 60 min agreed with a standard deviation of +/- 2%. PMID- 6988443 TI - Cell cycle phase expansion in nitrogen-limited cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The time and coordination of cell cycle events were examined in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Whole-cell autoradiographic techniques and time-lapse photography were used to measure the duration of the S, G1, and G2 phases, and the cell cycle positions of "start" and bud emergence, in cells whose growth rates were determined by the source of nitrogen. It was observed that the G1, S, and G2 phases underwent a proportional expansion with increasing cell cycle length, with the S phase occupying the middle half of the cell cycle. In each growth condition, start appeared to correspond to the G1 phase/S phase boundary. Bud emergence did not occur until mid S phase. These results show that the rate of transit through all phases of the cell cycle can vary considerably when cell cycle length changes. When cells growing at different rates were arrested in G1, the following synchronous S phase were of the duration expected from the length of S in each asynchronous population. Cells transferred from a poor nitrogen source to a good one after arrest in G1 went through the subsequent S phase at a rate characteristic of the better medium, indicating that cells are not committed in G1 to an S phase of a particular duration. PMID- 6988445 TI - Different cytoskeletal domains in murine fibroblasts. AB - The morphology of the cytoskeleton of normal 3T3 fibroblasts was studied in the electron microscope on embedded and sectioned cells as well as on critical-point dried whole mounts. Four ultrastructurally different cytoplasmic domains could be distinguished within every 3T3 cell, namely: Cytocortex, ruffle area, endoplasm, and stress fibre. However, many transitions between the different domains were also found. In addition, 2 other domains were occasionally encountered in the same cells. Based on the knowledge that actin is present in relatively high concentration throughout non-muscle cells and that it can, under different physiological conditions, assume different morphological appearances, an attempt has been made to formulate a hypothesis that links the ultrastructural domains to different cellular functions. Many experimental approaches are available to test the hypothesis and at the same time increase our knowledge of the cytoskeleton of 3T3 cells. PMID- 6988446 TI - Calcium exchangeability in subcellular fractions of pancreatic islet cells. AB - The distribution and exchangeability of calcium within subcellular compartments of rat pancreatic islet cells was determined in pulse-chase experiments following isotopic labelling with 45Ca2+. In unstimulated islets the mitochondrial fraction showed the greatest, and the insulin secretory granule fraction the least, uptake of 45Ca2+; subsequently the rate of loss from each compartment during 120 min was in the order mitochondrial greater than microsomal greater than secretory granule fraction. On exposure to D-glucose, 16.8 mM, the 45Ca labelling of all 3 subcellular compartments was increased after 5 and 30 min stimulation. In contrast, theophylline 10 mM caused a significant decrease in mitochondrial 45Ca content with little effect on other compartments. These results are discussed in relation to the importance of calcium disposition, exchangeability, and mobility for the initiation and control of insulin secretion. PMID- 6988447 TI - Development of the mitochondrial mass and accumulation of mtDNA in previtellogenic stages of Xenopus laevis oocytes. AB - The development of the mitochondrial mass of the previtellogenic oocytes of Xenopus laevis has been analysed by a morphometric method and it has been correlated with the growth of the occyte itself. The study which was performed with oocytes from females of very different ages shows that the relative size of the mitochondrial mass in the smallest oocytes decreases gradually with the age of the females. Cytophotometric analysis of the Feulgen-stained mitochondrial mass enabled the mtDNA content of that structure to be quantified during its development. This development involves about 12 rounds of replication out of the total 16--17 rounds of replication during complete differentiation of large oocytes. It is possible to estimate the mean replication rate of the mtDNA during the course of the previtellogenic period. The calculated rate of replication is very high in the mitochondrial mass of all the growing oocytes of very young females(about 1--2 months old), then it decreases rapidly when the oocytes reach 120 microns in diameter. These results suggest that the mitochondrial masses found in small oocytes of old females do not correspond to sites of active mitochondrial biogenesis but rather they represent a physiologically arrested collection of organelles. Thus the aggregation of mitochondria is the cytological expression of rapid and strictly localized mitochondriogenesis only in very young females. PMID- 6988448 TI - [Intra-aortic obstruction with a balloon catheter. Means of control of massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage of aortic origin (author's transl)]. AB - Temporary hemostasis with an inflatable intra-arterial balloon is useful in injuries of the great vessels. It permitted repair under satisfactory conditions of a perforating wound of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 6988449 TI - [Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver discovered and biopsied during hysterectomy for fibroids secondarily treated by paramendian bisectoriectomy with cure for more than one year (author's transl)]. AB - The authors emphasise the necessity for rigourous criteria of histological identification, the basis of the therapeutic decision; the risk on onset of hemoperitoneum suggests radical treatment before the compliction, considering the operative risk, in relation to the site of the lesions and their macroscopic appearance. The notion of rareness and the histogenesis of the disease are also considered. PMID- 6988450 TI - [Formation of a fistula as complication of a pancreatic abscess (author's transl)]. AB - The formation of cysto-enteric fistula is a rare complication of pseudo-cysts and pancreatic abscess. The etiology, the types, and their treatment are analysed. The authors present a new case of cysto-colonic fistula due to pancreatic abscess after acute pancreatitis, which is the 29th case reported in the literature. PMID- 6988451 TI - [Subtotal gastrectomy from the top to the bottom]. PMID- 6988452 TI - Influence of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol on glucose homeostasis in normal man. PMID- 6988453 TI - Evidence for an important role of changes in rather than absolute concentrations of glucagon in the regulation of glucose production in humans. PMID- 6988454 TI - Reduced pancreatic polypeptide secretion in obese subjects. PMID- 6988455 TI - The effect of insulin on the metabolism of parenteral maltose in man. PMID- 6988456 TI - Hypertension in a four-year-old child: gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric evidence for deficient hepatic metabolism of steroids. AB - A 4-yr-old boy with hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis had low plasma aldosterone levels and renin activity. The hypertension and hypokalemia responded to spironolactone and triamterene therapy. A partial response to dexamethasone was observed. Analysis of urinary steroid metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the excretion of metabolites of deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone was subnormal, and there was no evidence for sizeable excretion of unusual steroids with potential mineralocorticoid activity. The cortisol excretion rate, however, was subnormal, and the relative excretions of individual metabolites of this hormone were not typical. In particular, the excretion of tetrahydrocortisone was markedly reduced, and the excretions of allotetrahydrocortisol and free cortisol and metabolites were elevated. These findings suggest that modified or deficient metabolism of adrenal steroids could give rise to elevated blood pressure. It is not known whether the inappropriate production of unusual cortisol metabolites were responsbile for the high blood pressure or whether the altered metabolism is indicative of similar abnormality in the metabolism of other adrenal steroids, resulting in hyperproduction or extended half-life of minor but highly active mineralocorticoids of unknown structures. PMID- 6988457 TI - Interaction of fat-stimulated gastric inhibitory polypeptide on pancreatic alpha and beta cell function. AB - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is considered to be the principal mediator of the enteroinsular axis. A glucose-insulin clamp technique was used to study the effects of differing blood glucose levels on the insulinotropic and glucagonotropic actions of fat-stimulated GIP in seven healthy subjects, as well as the effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on GIP secretion. Blood glucose levels were clamped for 4 h at 43+/-2 mg/dl (hypoglycemic clamp), 88+/-1 mg/dl (euglycemic clamp), and 141+/-2 mg/dl (hyperglycemic clamp) in the presence of a constant insulin infusion (100 m U/kg per h). Under hypoglycemic clamp conditions there was no increase in C-peptide nor glucagon after Lipomul ingestion, despite an increase of GIP of 51.7+/-8.7 ng/ml per 120 min. Under euglycemic clamp conditions, small and inconsistent increases in C-peptide and glucagon were observed after fat ingestion and a concomitant increase of GIP of 35.2+/-9.4 ng/ml per 120 min. Under hyperglycemic clamp conditions after fat ingestion and a GIP increase of 24.0+/-5.7 ng/ml per 120 min, C-peptide increased from 6.4+/-5 ng/ml to 11.0+/-1.1 ng/ml (P < 0.01) but glucagon did not change. These findings confirm that in healthy man GIP exerts its insulinotropic properties only under hyperglycemic conditions and indicate that GIP is not glucagonotropic. Under euglycemic clamp conditions (plasma glucose, 89+/-1 mg/dl) and physiologic hyperinsulinemia (serum immunoreactive insulin, 137+/-3 muU/ml) GIP responses to fat ingestion (39.7+/-9.8 ng/ml per 120 min) were not different from the GIP responses to fat ingestion in the absence of hyperinsulinemia (39.7+/-11.1 ng/ml per 120 min). Therefore, insulin under normoglycemic conditions does not exert an inhibitory effect on fat-stimulated GIP secretion. The higher GIP response to oral fat in the hypoglycemic clamp, and the lower GIP response in the hyperglycemic clamp compared to the response in the euglycemic clamp suggests an effect of glycemia itself on GIP secretion in the presence of hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 6988458 TI - Heterogeneity of cerebral capillary flow in man and its consequences for estimation of blood-brain barrier permeability. AB - Blood-brain barrier permeability studies made in man using the indicator dilution method revealed that the extraction of the test substance increases during the upslope of the venous (outflow) dilution curve. The present study aimed to obviate the possibility that this could result from intravascular phenomena, such as interlaminar diffusion (the result of differences in molecular size) and erythrocyte carriage. Several reference substances were employed for the determination of the extraction in order that careful correction could be made for differences in intravascular behavior of the test and reference substance. The test substances studied were D-glucose, L-phenylalanine, water, propranolol, and benzodiazepines, representing both carrier-transported and lipophilic substances. In-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, Na+, Cl-, L-glucose, and L lysine were employed as reference substances. For all the substances tested, and after correction for intravascular phenomena, the extractions were found to increase during the initial part of the dilution curve. This increasing extraction can be ascribed to heterogeneity of the cerebral circulation; the higher extraction corresponds to longer contact with the blood-brain barrier and indicates a longer transit time. Signs of heterogeneity were also present when blood flow was elevated above normal. Any influence that heterogeneity might have on the mean extraction value can be minimized by using an appropriate calculation of the extraction of the test substance. PMID- 6988459 TI - Evidence for presence of insulin receptors in rat islets of Langerhans. AB - Binding of insulin to islets of Langerhans was studied. It was found that "specific" binding of [125I]insulin ("specific" binding equals total binding minus nonspecific binding) was saturable with respect to time and insulin concentration and depended on the number of incubated islets. Furthermore, bound insulin was displaced by native insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Bound [125I]insulin was easily dissociated and there was little [125I]insulin degradation both in the incubation medium and during the processes of binding and dissociation. Scatchard analysis of experiments with increasing [125I]insulin concentration and with displacement of insulin binding by native insulin revealed "high affinity" binding sites with a dissociation constant of 0.461 +/- 0.08 n M and 3.5 X 10(6) high affinity binding sites per islet. There also existed "low affinity" binding sites with dissociation constant (Kd) of 43.9 +/- 11.6 nM and 5.9 X 10(7) low affinity binding sites. High affinity binding sites of islets from rats pretreated with alloxan decreased by about one half, whereas Kd was unaffected. Because the Kd of specific high affinity binding and mean effective dose (ED50) of the biological effects of insulin on normal pancreatic islets are in the same range (between 0.46 and 1.19 nM), the insulin-receptor interaction may be biologically significant. PMID- 6988460 TI - On the histological diagnosis and prognosis of malignant melanoma. AB - This review deals with difficulties of diagnosis in cutaneous malignant melanoma encountered by histopathologists of variable seniority and is based on referred material at The Royal Marsden Hospital over a 20-year period and on the experience of more than two-and-a-half thousand cases referred to The World Health Organisation Melanoma Unit which I reviewed when chairman of the Pathologists' Committee. Though there is reference to the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic tumour, the main concern is with establishing the diagnosis of primary melanoma to the exclusion of all other lesions. An appendix on recommended diagnostic methods in cutaneous melanomas is included. PMID- 6988461 TI - Use of morphometry and immunohistochemistry of small intestinal biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of food allergy. AB - Eight babies with cow's milk protein intolerance and malabsorption, ages ranging from 2 weeks to 6 months, and five adult patients with a history of food allergy were studied. In the jejunal biopsies of the eight children with cow's milk protein intolerance we found partial villous atrophy with an increased number of interepithelial lymphocytes as determined by morphometric analysis. In the five adult patients no morphological changes of the jejunal mucosa were found. However, immunoperoxidase staining revealed a markedly increased number of IgE containing cells in the lamina propria of all jejunal biopsies studied. This proved to be specific for young and adult patients with food allergy. It is concluded that immunohistochemistry of jejunal biopsy specimens is of considerable value in the diagnosis of food allergy. PMID- 6988462 TI - A comparative trial of liver biopsy needles. AB - A sheathed needle (Tru-Cut) was compared with a suction biopsy needle (Menghini) in a randomised prospective trial over 18 months to determine whether the former offered any special advantages in routine percutaneous liver biopsy. Seventy seven consecutive biopsies were performed by a single operator. Although biopsy fragmentation was commoner with the suction needle, the length and volume of the largest core obtained was similar to results with the sheathed needle. Cytology provided useful additional information with the Menghini technique. The suction needle was repeatedly reusable and considerably cheaper than the sheathed needle, which may be used once only. PMID- 6988463 TI - A comparison of the sensitivity of immunofluorescence and Giemsa for staining Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions in cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells. AB - In a clinical study of 190 men with non-gonococcal urethritis, Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions were sought in cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. The method was consistently reliable over a period of two years, and the results were obtained within 24 hours of a patient's attendance. The results correlated with those obtained by Giemsa staining in 91.6% of patients, and the new method was at least as sensitive as the established Giemsa-staining method. PMID- 6988465 TI - Further investigation of the specificity and sensitivity of ELISA for rubella antibody screening. PMID- 6988464 TI - Diagnostic value and biological significance of antibody-coated bacteria in urine. AB - The incidence of antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) in the urinary sediments as an indication of the site of urinary tract infections (UTI) was investigated in 103 adult subjects with persistent bacteriuria by means of a direct immunofluorescence technique.ACB were found in 49 of 58 (84.5%) subjects with long-standing upper urinary tract obstruction and in 5 of 45 (11.1%) with lower UTI; this difference was statistically significant (X(2) = 51.79; P<0.001). The group with upper UTI was further subdivided according to renal function (patients with renal insufficiency had both bilateral obstruction and bilateral renal damage); 21 positive results were obtained in 27 (77.8%) patients with normal renal function, whereas 28 positive cases were observed among 31 (90.3%) patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Thus the degree of renal involvement also seemed to influence the outcome of the test. Within the group of lower UTI, a higher rate of ;false-positive' results was obtained in 14 patients with symptomatic long-standing infection (21.4%) than in 31 subjects with asymptomatic bacteriuria (6.4%). The three major immunoglobulin classes and the secretory component were studied in 42 cases. Of these, 29 were found to be positive for ACB. The constant presence of IgA and secretory component on the surface of ACB suggests that the secretory immune system plays an important role in UTI. PMID- 6988466 TI - Juvenile periodontitis. AB - Our knowledge of juvenile periodontitis is still fragmentary. In 50 years we have advanced from the concept of diffuse atrophy of the alveolar bone (Gottlieb 1923) through the theory of non-inflammatory, degenerative disease of the periodontium (Orban & Weinmann 1942) to the present conception of juvenile periodontitis (Manson & Lehner 1974, Waerhaug 1977a) as a periodontal disease appearing in young individuals with inflammation always present. Only the clinical picture of the disease is quite clear as Baer described it (1971): rapid destruction of the alveolar bone, not commensurate with the local irritants, around more than one permanent tooth in otherwise healthy adolescents. The etiology and etiopathogenesis of juvenile periodontitis have remained unknown. The bacteriological findings of Scransky et al. (1970) and Newman et al. (1974), suggesting some Gram-negative rods as an etiological factor, are still controversial. Neither is the theory of Lehner and his coworkers (1974), that juvenile periodontitis is a selective, cell-mediated immunodeficiency condition, fully accepted. Heredity is an etiologic factor for which there is more evidence. Several authors have found a familial pattern of the disease and it might be either an autosomal, recessive trait (Fourel 1972, Jorgenson et al. 1975) or an X linked dominant disease (Melnick et al. 1976). These two statements are, however, also controversial. The prevalence rates vary from 0.1% to 17.6%. Although there could be racial variations, the estimated prevalence rates also vary within racial groups, suggesting that there must be great variations in methods and diagnostics. Juvenile periodontitis seems to exist in all racial groups throughout the world and although comparable prevalence figures are difficult to obtain, it seems that the disease is less common in Caucasoid populations and more frequent in India and Africa. The claim of female preponderence requires further investigation. PMID- 6988467 TI - Effects of a 1% chlorhexidine gel during the healing phase after inverse bevel mucogingival flap surgery. AB - A split-mouth double-blind trial was designed to compare the effects of chlorhexidine and placebo gels during the healing phase following mucogingival flap surgery. Fifteen patients were treated with 30 inverse bevel flap procedures, one on each side of the maxilla, with an interval of 4 weeks between each procedure. Gel was applied to the gums using a toothbrush once daily. Comparison of results revealed no significant differences in Plaque Index, Gingival Index, crevicular fluid or depth of pockets. More pain and swelling were recorded on the side treated with placebo gel, and more patients indicated that they preferred the chlorhexidine gel. The results were comparable to previous investigations using penicillin and suggest that, because of the reduced pain and swelling, chlorhexidine gel may be a suitable alternative to penicillin after periodontal flap surgery. PMID- 6988469 TI - Adhesion of periodontal dressings to enamel in vitro. AB - Adhesion to enamel is an important aspect of periodontal dressing retention. Details of tensile and shear bond strengths are presented for three dressing materials and a positive polycarboxylate control, and the data are discussed with regard to optimum levels of retention. A level of 2 MN/m2 is suggested for shear bond strength, and 1 MN/m2 for tensile bond strength, under the test conditions employed. PMID- 6988468 TI - Comparison of results following three modalities of periodontal therapy related to tooth type and initial pocket depth. AB - Results following three modalities of periodontal therapy (subgingival curettage, modified Widman flap surgery, and pocket elimination or reduction surgery) in 78 patients over 8 years were compared for variations in pocket depth and clinical attachment level related to tooth types (maxillary molars, mandibular molars, maxillary biscupids, mandibular biscupids, maxillary anterior teeth, mandibular anterior teeth). The analysis was based on a classification of three severity groups according to initial crevice or pocket depth (Class I, 1-3 mm; Class II, 4 6 mm; and Class III, 7-12 mm) and with patient's means of measurements being the experimental units for the statistical analysis. Reduction in pocket depth and gain of clinical attachment for pockets 4 mm or deeper occurred following all three methods of treatment, and was well sustained over 8 years. No one modality of treatment was consistently superior to any of the other two with regards to sustained reduction of pocket depth and gain of clinical attachment. Surgical pocket elimination or reduction did not enhance the prognosis for maintenance of periodontal support in either moderate or advanced periodontal lesions anywhere in the mouth compared with more conservative modalities of treatment. In spite of prophylaxis and instruction in home care every 3 months, there was a slight progressive loss of attachment over time in areas of shallow crevices (1-3 mm). PMID- 6988470 TI - Cutaneous T cell lymphoma: mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, and other variants. AB - Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a clinically and immunologically defined neoplasm which encompasses epidermotropic (mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome) and nonepidermotropic variants. A natural evolution apparently occurs from the epidermotropic to the nonepidermotropic form. In this review, cellular properties of the neoplastic cells are correlated with specific clinical observations, and recent therapeutic advances are discussed. Advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of CTCL, including preliminary evidence suggesting that keratinocytes may elaborate a hormonal substance capable of inducing T lymphocyte differentiation, are discussed. PMID- 6988471 TI - Primary melanoma of the skin: recognition and management. AB - Primary melanoma of the skin, once a rare tumor, has been increasing so rapidly in the past few decades that melanoma now has a higher incidence than Hodgkin's disease. The early diagnosis and surgical treatment of melanoma are the only approach to date that has increased survival--chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy provide little or no benefit. Therefore, all physicians need to be on the alert for early melanoma. This guide is intended to provide the physician both with the tools to diagnose cutaneous melanoma and a suggested approach to its management. It is hoped that as this type of information becomes more widely disseminated, a continued improvement in early recognition and survival will be effected. PMID- 6988472 TI - J. Walter Wilson (1903-1980). PMID- 6988473 TI - Current concepts in the classification of connective tissue diseases. Overlap syndromes and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). AB - New principles are discussed for the classification of the diffuse collagen diseases, particularly the mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), with clinical and historical explanation. Emphasis in classification has shifted from a concern with tissue pathology to serologic anomalies, which may involve eleven different antigens, many from human cell nuclei. New serologic tests, such as the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibody test, may be superior to the well-known fluorescent antinuclear antibody (ANA) studies for diagnosis and follow-up of diffuse collagen diseases. Functional clinical studies, such as esophageal motility, gas exchange in the lung, and major joint mobility, which may appear early in MCTD, are more important to diagnosis than anatomic studies of late developing lesions. PMID- 6988474 TI - A case of cicatricial pemphigoid or cicatricial linear IgA bullous dermatosis. AB - A case has been described with clinical features of cicatricial pemphigoid, but immunofluorescent (IF) biopsy findings are suggestive of linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD), i.e., the presence of IgA deposits with a linear pattern at the basement membrane zone. The patient failed to respond to sulfones and gave a limited response to corticosteroid. These findings suggest that therapy of the type found to be effective in cutaneous forms of LABD, i.e., combinations of low doses of sulfones and corticosteroids, may be indicated in such cases. PMID- 6988476 TI - The 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. PMID- 6988475 TI - Explanation of metrizamide brain penetration: a review. AB - The penetration of intrathecally injected metrizamide into brain and spinal cord substance is a phenomenon that has surprised and puzzled radiologists. No suitable explanation has been offered in the radiologic literature. This article reviews the recent literature on the relationship between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space and the extracellular fluid (ECF) space of the brain. Recent evidence has shown that these spaces are in fact one compartment with no diffusion barrier between them. Thus, penetration of metrizamide into the brain is an expected rather than surprising phenomenon. An explanation is offered as to why metrizamide does not penetrate edematous or infarcted portions of brain on the basis of a pressure gradient between damaged brain ECF and CSF spaces. PMID- 6988477 TI - Proposed new legislation on food labeling and nutrition. PMID- 6988478 TI - Adhesive bonding of various materials to hard tooth tissues. XXII. The effects of a cleanser, mordant, and polySAC on adhesion between a composite resin and dentin. AB - Preliminary evaluations on the effects of a cleanser, mordant, and polyfunctional surface-active comonomer on adhesion between a composite resin and dentin evinced that the ferric chloride mordant significantly improved bonding. The effects of the cleaner and coupling agent were also favorable, as were all of their interactions. PMID- 6988479 TI - Castability of low gold content alloys. AB - A test pattern composed of 14 gauge sprue wax and various gauges of nylon lines was constructed, and used to differentiate the castability of several alloys. The castability of seven commercial low gold content alloys for porcelain fused to metal restorations was compared. Five commercial low gold content yellow alloys for full cast restorations were compared to each other and to a Type III certified control. PMID- 6988480 TI - Temporary auditory threshold shift following sophomore operative technique laboratory. AB - Twenty sophomore dental students were studied for the "temporary threshold shift" (TTS) due to exposure to the noise of high-speed dental headpieces during technique laboratory sessions. TTS was experienced at all four frequencies tested -8000, 6000, 4000, and 3000 hertz, but tended to be greater and of longer duration at the higher frequencies. Approximately one-fourth of the students still had some hearing loss 15 minutes after leaving the laboratory. PMID- 6988481 TI - Grafts for ulcers on legs. PMID- 6988482 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine. "Honoria Acosta Sison" pioneer gynecologist and obstetrician. PMID- 6988483 TI - More on grafts for ulcers on legs. PMID- 6988484 TI - [Biosynthesis of iron-binding metabolites by Klebsiella aerogenes]. PMID- 6988487 TI - The presidents. Aaron Lockwood Northrop, 1875-1876. PMID- 6988486 TI - The practical management of glucose-insulin infusions in the intensive care patient. AB - Intensive Care patients given intravenous infusions of strong glucose often develop hyperglycaemia requiring insulin. A simple method is described for regulating these insulin requirements during infusions of 50% glucose based on beside monitoring of blood glucose. PMID- 6988488 TI - 1980 ICD Journalism Awards. PMID- 6988485 TI - Pharmacological treatment of pulmonary oedema. PMID- 6988489 TI - American Dental Association has an extensive agenda for legislation in second session of 96th Congress. PMID- 6988490 TI - The presidents. George Watt Keely, 1876-1877. PMID- 6988491 TI - The gliding path of the mandible along the skull. Ferdinand Graf Spee (1855 1937), prosector at the Anatomy Institute of Kiel. PMID- 6988493 TI - The mutilated dentition: an alternative approach. AB - To provide esthetic yet inexpensive restoration of severely carious anterior teeth, stainless steel posts with composite resin cores for crowns were used as interim substitutes for more costly crowns. PMID- 6988492 TI - Impression materials and techniques used for cast restorations in eight states. AB - In a survey of dentists practicing in eight states, it was found that polysulfide is used by 35.8% of them for cast restorations. Polyether and hydrocolloid are the second most used materials; silicone putty/reline and double mix standard silicone follow. Epinephrine cord was chosen for gingival retraction by 73.3% of the respondents. Nonepinephrine cord is used by 23.5% of the dentists who responded. PMID- 6988494 TI - Mechanism of age-related changes in renin and adrenocortical steroids. PMID- 6988495 TI - Medicus magus. PMID- 6988496 TI - Une lecon du Docteur Charcot a la Salpetriere: Lithograph by Eugene Pirodon after a painting (1887) by Andre Brouillet. PMID- 6988497 TI - Charles Darwin's coffin, and its maker. PMID- 6988498 TI - 'I was born a naturalist': Charles Darwin's 1838 notes about himself. PMID- 6988500 TI - The problem of infant feeding: the Australian experience from the mid-nineteenth century to the 1920s. PMID- 6988501 TI - The Philadelphia Biological Society, 1857-61: a failed experiment? PMID- 6988499 TI - Reform of medical education at Washington University. PMID- 6988502 TI - Early Russian medicine: potential sources and directions of research. PMID- 6988503 TI - Selective removal of T cell function from mouse lymphocyte suspensions by treatment with normal guinea pig serum. AB - Treatment of murine spleen cells with normal guinea pig serum selectively abrogated responsiveness of these cells to the T cell mitogens PHA or Con A, but failed to affect responses to LPS, i.e., a B cell-specific mitogen. Although pretreatment with GPS inhibited the in vitro immune response of mouse splenocytes to SRBC, responses were normal after restoration with T cells only, indicating that B cells had been spared by GPS. Consistent with these results, incubation with GPS resulted in the loss of reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells in MLC as well as CML systems, both of which test for T cell activities. Furthermore, parental spleen cells treated with GPS were no longer capable of inducing a GVH reaction in F1 hybrids. When compared, the effects of GPS and anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies plus C were found to be comparable. These results indicate that GPS can selectively remove a number of T cell functions from heterogeneous murine lymphoid cell suspensions. Since spleen macrophages were insensitive to GPS cytotoxicity, lack of T cell function is not likely to be due to depletion of these accessory cells. PMID- 6988504 TI - Preferential lysis of undifferentiated thymocytes by natural thymocytotoxic antibodies from New Zealand black mice. PMID- 6988505 TI - Murine cell surface immunoglobulin: two native IgD structures. AB - Murine spleen cell surface IgD is found in two forms upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Both IgDI and IgDII are present on the surface of intact cells and appear to be native structures. Neither form could be accounted for by proteolytic degradation or disulfide bond rearrangement. IgDII has an apparent m.w. of 96,000, suggesting an HL structure. IgDI has an apparent m.w. of 150,000, approximately 33,000 daltons lower than that expected for an H2L2 structure. Significant variation in the relative amounts of IgDI and IgDII was found when mice of different strains were examined. PMID- 6988506 TI - Heterogeneity of Ia expression on normal B cells, neonatal B cells, and on cells from B cell-defective CBA/N mice. PMID- 6988507 TI - SC5b-9 complex of complement: formation of the dimeric membrane attack complex by removal of S-protein. PMID- 6988509 TI - Ontogeny of T cell function. I. Acquisition of helper cell activity by the thymus. AB - The ontogeny of the ability of thymus cells to "help" the response to a T dependent antigen was studied in a cell transfer system. Lethally irradiated, thymectomized mice were reconstituted with thymus cells from donors of various ages together with rabbit anti-mouse brain antiserum and complement- (C) treated bone marrow cells. Mice were immunized with TNP-BGG and the magnitude and affinity distributions of their splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses were assayed 3 weeks later. The results indicate that neonatal thymic cells are capable of helping a direct PFC response but cannot mediate the shift to indirect plaque formation. The ability to mediate the switch to an indirect PFC response is a separate maturation event that occurs between birth and 2 to 4 days of age. The thymus cell population from 2-day-old donors is already capable of mediating selection of high affinity PFC. Neonatal cells residing in an irradiated, thymectomized or nonthymectomized adult recipient for 7 days, even in the presence of adult rabbit anti-mouse brain and C-treated syngeneic spleen cells, did not mature to be capable of mediating an indirect PFC response. PMID- 6988508 TI - Peanut agglutinin. V. Thymocyte subpopulations in the mouse studied with peanut agglutinin and Ly-6.2 antiserum. AB - Thymocyte heterogeneity has been studied by the use of two cell surface markers- the Ly-6.2 alloantigen and peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptor. The previously described distribution of Ly-6 on corticoresistant and PNA binding to corticosensitive thymocytes has been confirmed. Double immunofluorescence labeling experiments in combination with techniques of physical enrichment for "mature" thymocytes have resulted in the identification of a novel subset of T cells carrying both the Ly-6 antigen and PNA receptors. Purification by fluorescence cell sorting of corticosteroid-treated thymocytes, labeled with monoclonal anti-Ly-2.2 antiserum, for phenotypically mature Ly-1+23-lymphocytes causes a concomitant enrichment in the proportion of Ly-6-positive cells, which lack the PNA receptor. The implications of these findings for the maturational pathways within the thymus are discussed. PMID- 6988510 TI - Concomitant increase in antigen binding and in T cell membrane lipid viscosity induced by the lymphocyte-activating factor, LAF. PMID- 6988511 TI - A monoclonal antibody reactive with human peripheral blood monocytes. AB - A monoclonal antibody directed at a determinant on human peripheral blood monocytes was produced and characterized. This hybridoma antibody, termed OKM1, was reactive by indirect immunofluorescence and complement- (C) mediated lysis with adherent mononuclear cells. OKM1 was unreactive with lymphocytes, thymocytes, lymphoblastoid cell lines, and tumor cells of the T or B cell lineage. In contrast, acute myelomonocytic leukemia cells and granulocytes were reactive with the antibody. Pretreatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with OKM1 and C before culture with soluble antigens totally abolished their antigen-induced proliferative response. This function was restored by addition of 1% adherent cells. These findings provided additional support for the notion that OKM1 was reactive with monocytes. In addition, OKM1 appeared to define two distinct populations of monocytes; an adherent population of large cells bearing surface Ia determinants and a nonadherent population of small, Ia-negative cells. These OKM1+ Ia- cells were found to be a contaminant of most fractionated mononuclear cell subsets including the E-SIg-Null cell population. PMID- 6988513 TI - Newly transformed schistosomula spontaneously lose surface antigens and C3 acceptor sites during culture. AB - The binding of rat anti-schistosome antibody and rat C3 to the surface of newly transformed schistosomula of S. mansoni was measured by quantitative immunofluorescence during the first 48 hr of their development in vitro. Schistosomula, cultured in media either with or without serum, lost antibody or C3 from their surface exponentially with a halftime of 5 hr for both labels. The loss of the surface molecules is seen in parasites that are labeled and then cultured as well as in parasites cultured and then labeled, indicating that the labeling procedure itself is not inducing the observed change. This immunochemical modification in the schistosomulum surface appears to be independent of host molecule adsorption and intrinsic to the development of the parasite. PMID- 6988512 TI - Role of sialic acid in the macrophage glycolipid receptor for MIF. AB - Acidic glycolipids from guinea pig macrophages enhance the response of macrophages to migration inhibitory factor (MIF), suggesting a role of glycolipid receptors for this lymphocyte mediator. Neuraminidase treatment of these glycolipids results in the loss of their biologic activity. This activity remains intact after incubation of the glycolipids with beta-galactosidase. In order to investigate whether sialic acid is essential for the macrophage's response to MIF, macrophages were incubated with neuraminidase. Neuraminidase treatment of peritoneal exudate cells results in the abrogation of macrophage responsiveness to MIF. Other exoglycosidases such as beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase had no effect upon the macrophage response. The effect of neuraminidase was found to be reversible within 18 hr. These experiments suggest that macrophage glycolipids containing sialic acid are components of the macrophage receptor for MIF. PMID- 6988514 TI - Failure of lymphokine-producing lymphocytes from aged humans to undergo activation by recall antigens. AB - In order to understand better the causes of diminished delayed hypersensitivity in the elderly, we studied lymphocyte function in 10 healthy subjects over 80 years of age. Markedly decreased antigen-stimulated lymphokine production (3 of 30 assays positive versus 24 of 31 in young control subjects) was the most significant finding in the elderly subjects and appeared to be the best explanation for their reduced cutaneous responses to recall antigens. Although mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte transformation in the elderly group was more sensitive to suppression by prostaglandin E2 than that of the young group, direct prostaglandin action did not appear to explain the diminished antigen-stimulated lymphokine responses. The nonspecific mitogen concanavalin A elicited normal lymphokine responses in 9 of 10 elderly subjects, indicating that lymphocytes from the elderly have a normal capacity for lymphokine production when activated by a sufficient stimulus. Therefore, diminished delayed hypersensitivity in aged humans may be related to deficient lymphokine production, which in turn appears to involve a decreased capacity of the lymphocytes producing these mediators to undergo activation by recall antigens. PMID- 6988515 TI - Distribution of Lyt phenotypes in thymocyte subpopulations as measured by flow microfluorometry: selective enrichment of Lyt 1+23- thymocytes. PMID- 6988516 TI - Activation of human B lymphocytes. XV. Spontaneously occurring and mitogen induced indirect anti-sheep red blood cell plaque-forming cells in normal human peripheral blood. AB - A system for the development of indirect (IgG, IgA, and IgM) anti-SRBC plaque forming cells (PFC) after polyclonal stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) is described. Rabbit anti-human polyvalent Ig or Ig class-specific antisera were employed. Most of the indirect PFC were IgG with less being IgM and IgA. The finding of significantly more indirect IgM PFC than direct PFC suggests that many IgM PFC are producing low efficiency hemolysin that requires an anti-globulin to produce lysis. The system is T cell dependent and cultures require selected batches of supplemented fetal calf serum that preferentially yield indirect (1527 +/- 243 PFC/10(6) lymphocytes) as opposed to direct (36 +/- 11 PFC/10(6) lymphocytes) PFC. Batches of human AB sera that were previously chosen to yield optimal direct PFC (approximately 200 to 300 PFC/10(6) lymphocytes) did not yield indirect PFC. Hence, depending on culture conditions, polyclonal stimulation of human lymphocytes can yield antigen-specific direct and indirect hemolytic PFC. PMID- 6988518 TI - Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation of adenylate cyclase catalyzed by heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli: comparison with cholera toxin. AB - The heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, like cholera toxin, activates adenylate cyclase by catalyzing the transfer of adenosine diphosphate-ribose from HAD+ (oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to the guanyl nucleotide dependent regulatory component of the cyclase. A preparation of enterotoxin that had been released from E. coli following exposure to polymyxin B and then partially purified was found to contain two enzymatically active peptides, one of about 29,000 and the other of about 24,000 daltons, which correspond in molecular size to the enzymatically active subunit A and fragment A1 of cholera toxin, respectively. As with cholera toxin, the enzymatic activity of E. coli enterotoxin was elevated by incubation with sodium dodecyl sulfate to release active peptides. Treatment with dithiothreitol, however, had no effect. Dithiothreitol activates subunit A of cholera toxin by reducing an internal disulfide bond, but no corresponding bond appears to be present in the partially purified E. coli enterotoxin. PMID- 6988517 TI - Purification, immunochemical, and biologic characterization of the Schistosoma circulating M antigen. AB - Circulating M antigen, specific for genus Schistosoma, was previously described in serum, urine, patients' milk, and in serum and urine of animals infected by S. mansoni. The M antigen was thermostable and soluble in trichloroacetic acid. It was not hydrolyzed by protease, ribonuclease, amylase, or neuraminidase but destroyed by sodium metaperiodate. In the present study, we have purified the M ag by using trichloroacetic acid solubility, DEAE Sephadex, and immunoadsorption. The M ag showed a neutral electric charge, a m.w. heterogeneity, and was only stained by periodic acid-Schiff. The composition study revealed M ag was a glycoprotein with a polysaccharide moiety (63% of the molecules) particularly rich in galactose, fucose, glucosamine, and mannose, and with a high molecular ratio of serine and threonine. The presence of O-glycosidic linkage allowed M ag to be considered as a mucin or a mucus glycoprotein-like component. It was localized in the cell wall of the gut of adult worms. PMID- 6988519 TI - Suppression of cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis by ketoconazole in athymic nude mice. AB - Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice are more susceptible to disseminated cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis than their heterozygous (nu/ + ) thymus-bearing litter-mates. The therapeutic efficacy of ketoconazole, an orally absorbable antifungal agent, was evaluated in nu/nu and nu/ + mice infected intraperitoneally with Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Two- to five-week courses of ketoconazole significantly prolonged the survival of nu/nu mice infected with either fungus in dose-dependent fashion, but death eventually followed discontinuance of therapy. More significant protection was seen in nu/ + mice infected with C. neoformans, and markedly lower fungal counts in organs, with some negative cultures, were seen in ketoconazole-treated nu/ + mice infected with H. capsulatum. These studies indicate that ketoconazole is effective against both fungi, although results of treatment are much better in the immunologically intact nu/ + host. PMID- 6988520 TI - Parasite-parasite interaction of Salmonella typhimurium and Schistosoma. AB - The parasite-parasite interaction of Salmonella and Schistosoma was studied. Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was found to associate in vitro with three human species of Schistosoma: Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum. Genetic mutants of S. typhimurium were allowed to interact with ligatured and unligatured worms of S. mansoni in vitro. These studies were undertaken to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the parasite-parasite interaction of Salmonella on the surface of Schistosoma. The ga/E and fla mutants showed 100% association with male schistosomes, but a reduced interaction with female worms. The rough A and pili mutants showed a significant reduction in the ability to associate with both male and female S. mansoni. Observations with the scanning electron microscope revealed that pili function in adhesion of Salmonella to the surface tegument of S. mansoni and S. haematobium. The association of Salmonella and Schistosoma may contribute to persistence of salmonella infection. PMID- 6988521 TI - Model of neonatal meningitis caused by Escherichia coli K1 in guinea pigs. AB - A total of 88 neonatal guinea pigs was inoculated intranasally with a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli K1 that had been passaged once in the peritoneum of an adult guinea pig; 74 animals became bacteremic, of which 54 had meningitis, 12 hr after inoculation. Bacteremia and/or meningitis occurred consistently in repeated experiments. It was possible to obtain serial specimens of cerebrospinal fluid by cisternal puncture without killing the animals. The induction of meningitis in a predictable fashion without disrupting the blood-brain barrier and the ability to study the cerebrospinal fluid without killing the animal make this a useful model of human neonatal meningitis caused by E. coli K1. PMID- 6988522 TI - Quantitative nephrotoxicity of gentamicin in nontoxic doses. AB - The effect of gentamicin on the renal function of 36 patients was studied by means of several techniques. After normal or even subnormal doses of gentamicin, progressively decreasing rates of glomerular filtration, as measured by clearance of [51Cr]ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, were observed in a majority of the patients, although trough and peak concentrations in serum were well below accepted levels of gentamicin toxocity. Correspondingly, the serum half-lives of gentamicin tended to increase during the courses of treatment. Changes in levels of serum creatinine were not pronounced enough to demonstrate the decreasing rates of glomerular filtration. Studies on serum and urinary levels of a low molecular-weight protein, beta2-microglobulin, indicated that gentamicin affects the kidney both on the glomerular and the tubular level. The results emphasized the need for monitoring of gentamicin dosages as well as the need for alternative antibiotics to treat patients with preexisting renal impairment. PMID- 6988523 TI - Loss of an aminoglycoside resistance plasmid by Serratia marcescens during treatment of meningitis with amikacin. AB - During prophylaxis with gentamicin and amoxicillin following surgical repair of a meningomyelocele in a newborn infant, a cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred and fever ensued. Cultures of ventricular fluid yielded Serratia marcescens resistant to several antibiotics, including gentamicin and tobramycin, but sensitive to amikacin. When therapy with amikacin was substituted for that with gentamicin and amoxicillin, cultures yielded an additional colony type of S. marcescens, which was antibiotic-sensitive but of the same serotype as the original isolate, that eventually replaced the original resistant organism. The resistant S. marcescens was shown to possess a 105 X 10(6)-dalton plasmid not observed in the sensitive variant. The sensitive variant may have originated by loss of the plasmid from the resistant organism, possibly by removal of the selection pressure of antibiotics, which favored the emergence of a bacterial population that did not harbor resistance plasmids during clinical therapy. PMID- 6988524 TI - Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence for evaluation of type III group B streptococcal opsonins in human sera. AB - A luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) assay was developed to evaluate type III group B streptococcal opsonins. Sera from 11 adults that contained high (greater than 25 microgram/ml), intermediate (3-24 microgram/ml), or low (less than 2 microgram/ml) antibody concentrations were assessed by CL, indirect immunofluorescence (IF), and bactericidal assays. Total CL activity correlated with antibody concentration (P less than 0.005), IgG- and C3-IF values, and phagocytic and bactericidal indices. Heat-stable CL activity correlated with antibody concentration (P less than 0.0001) and was related to IgG-IF values and phagocytic indices. Significant bactericidal activity was demonstrated in all sera containing greater than 2 microgram of antibody/ml, but no bactericidal activity was observed in heat-inactivated sera. Adsorption of heated sera with type III group B Streptococcus abolished CL activity, whereas CL values of MgEGTA chelated sera were approximately 80% of untreated sera. Thus, type-specific antibody in addition to heat-labile serum factors, including those of the alternative complement pathway, contribute to opsonization of type III group B Streptococcus. PMID- 6988525 TI - Adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to nylon: modulation by prostacyclin (PGI2), corticosteroids, and complement activation. AB - Effects of in vitro addition of prostacyclin (PGI2), hydrocortisone, and zymosan to plasma on adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) to nylon were investigated. PGI2, in nanogram concentrations, and hydrocortisone, in high concentrations, inhibited base-line adherence of PMNLs; zymosan-treated plasma augmented retention of PMNLs by nylon columns. Incubation of plasma with antiserum to C5, hydrocortisone, or PGI2 blocked zymosan-mediated effects. Prostaglandins (PGD2, PGE1, and PGF2 alpha) when added in votro did not alter base-line adherence. PMNLs obtained 4 hr after administration of oral prednisone to volunteers were partially resistant to effects of zymosan-activated plasma. PMID- 6988526 TI - Serum antibody and opsonic responses to vaccination with pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide in normal and splenectomized children. PMID- 6988527 TI - Problems identified in IPPB study. PMID- 6988529 TI - "Short-circuit" renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 6988530 TI - Time-course of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic oxidoreduction state of rat liver following an intravenous glucose load. AB - Changes in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic oxidoreduction states after an intravenous glucose infusion were studied in the freeze-clamped liver of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In normal rats the mitochondrial oxidoreduction state (NAD+/NADH) increased maximally at 5 min after glucose infusion (p less than 0.001) and then returned to about normal fasting level at 30 min later. The cytoplasmic oxidoreduction state reached its peak level at 30 min after glucose infusion (p less than 0.001). A clear temporal correlation was observed between the mitochondrial oxidoreduction state and insulin and glucose levels in plasm. On the other hand, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats no changes were detected in the oxidoreduction state os either mitochondria or cytoplasm in response to glucose infusion. Therefore the increase in portal insulin level as it occurs in response to the rise of blood glucose may play a role in the shift of the mitochondrial oxidoreduction state to its more oxidized state. This shift seems likely to be due to an accelerated removal of the reducing equivalents through electron transfer by the respiratory chain. PMID- 6988528 TI - Intermittent positive pressure breathing: a continuing controversy. PMID- 6988531 TI - Increased erythropoietin sensitivity of murine CFU-E and BFU-E in in vivo cultures. AB - The in vivo PCDC assay was used to reassess the erythropoietin requirements for growth in culture of the erythroid precursor cells CFU-E and BFU-E. Both CFU-E and BFU-E are expressed with the physiologically low erythropoietin concentrations present in normal host mice. Moreover, the same number of CFU-E derived colonies is observed in hypertransfused host animals. No BFU-E are observed under these conditions. Increased numbers of both CFU-E and BFU-E are expressed in anemic host animals; these values are moderately lower than those found with in vitro cultures containing large concentrations of erythropoietin. Thus, at high levels of erythropoietin, the in vivo PCDC assay appears to be somewhat less sensitive than conventional in vitro assays. However, this culture system is more sensitive at low levels of erythropoietin and demonstrates a much smaller erythropoietin requirement for the differentiation of both CFU-E and BFU E than has hitherto been recognized. This is as should be expected if these progenitor cells play a role in normal erythropoiesis in vivo. Experiments concerning the effects of anemia or hypertransfusion in donor rather than host mice reconfirm that the population size in the marrow of CFU-E but not BFU-E is highly sensitive to erythropoietin. However, phenylhydrazine treatment of donor mice leads to the transient development of a new subclass of BFU-E which gives rise to colonies relatively late in culture, suggesting that erythropoietin does have a direct effect on the physiological status of BFU-E in the bone marrow. PMID- 6988532 TI - Lymphoid alterations and impaired T lymphocyte reactivity in experimental renal hypertension. AB - Alterations in the number and reactivity of thymic and splenic lymphocytes were studied during the development of experimental renal hypertension in Sprague Dawley rats. The mitotic responses of thymocytes and splenic T and B lymphocytes were tested by the T cell mitogen concanavalin A and the B cell mitogen dextran sulfate 3, 8, 12, and 36 days after the initiation of hypertension. At 3 days, hypertensive rats showed a fourfold increase in plasma corticosteroid levels, marked thymic atrophy, and a 50% reduction in the total number of thymocytes. The mitotic reactivity of the cells remaining in the organ was depressed 60% when compared to sham-operated controls. At 8 days a similar reduction in thymus size was accompanied by similarly decreased lymphocyte populations. Twelve days after initiation of hypertension structural recovery of the gland, lymphoid proliferation, and slightly increased thymocyte populations were observed. Differences with sham-operated controls were, however, still remarkable. Hypertensive rats sacrificed at 36 days showed thymus hypertrophy, and the thymocyte populations were larger than those of sham-operated animals. Despite the fluctuations in the number of thymocytes registered during the development of renal hypertension, the impaired mitotic reactivity of these cells to concanavalin A was sustained throughout the 36 days of the experiment. A similar reduction in the total number of cells and a similar depression in T lymphocyte reactivity was observed in the spleen between 8 and 36 days of hypertension. In contrast, after an initial depressed response, splenic B lymphocytes showed a slight but sustained increase in reactivity throughout the entire experimental period. These results indicate that with evolving renal hypertension there is a reduction in the number of lymphocytes as well as a depression in the ability of the remaining T lymphocytes to react with concanavalin A. Since T lymphocytes are important regulators of immunological homeostasis, this reduction in T cell reactivity may suggest the existence of an immunological imbalance accompanying the development of experimental renal hypertension. PMID- 6988533 TI - Chronic effects of lead on renin and renal sodium excretion. AB - Rats were chronically given 0.5 mg/ml Pb in drinking water. This produced blood and renal lead concentrations of approximately 30 micrograms/dl and 20 micrograms/gm, respectively, significant kidney swelling, but not change in body weight or hematocrit. After 6 weeks of Pb treatment and during ingestion of a sodium-free diet, PRA was elevated (controls: same diet, not lead), but there was no change in PRS. After 5 months the PRA was significantly higher in the lead treated group even on a 1% NaCl diet, but the difference between groups disappeared on an Na-free diet; that is, the renin response to sodium deprivation was blunted. As early as 6 weeks after beginning lead treatment, the treated group manifested reduced ability to decrease Na excretion following removal of NaCl from the diet; steady-state sodium excretion was normal on either the 1% NaCl or Na-free diet. We conclude that changes in the renin angiotensin system and renal sodium handling the kidneys of rats. PMID- 6988535 TI - The history of smallpox: an old story of current significance. PMID- 6988534 TI - The legacy of Laplace. PMID- 6988536 TI - The pellagra story in the U.S. PMID- 6988537 TI - Interaction between glucose and naturally occurring diabetogenic substance in the induction of insulin release from islets of hypophysectomized rats. PMID- 6988538 TI - Effect of bromocriptine treatment on the ovulatory response to oestradiol benzoate in the reflex ovulator, Microtus agrestis. AB - In some animals which ovulate spontaneously, oestrogen may stimulate prolactin secretion and high levels of prolactin may inhibit steroid-induced surges of LH. The possibility was investigated that such conditions were operating in the reflex ovulator Microtus agrestis to prevent spontaneous ovulation. However, bromocriptine treatment to suppress prolactin secretion did not enhance the poor ovulatory response to administration of oestradiol benzoate. PMID- 6988539 TI - Effects of treatment with progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta on the endocrine pancreas in ovariectomized rats: ultrastructural variations in the B cells. AB - The effects of progesterone and/or oestradiol treatment on the ultrastructural appearance of the pancreatic B cells has been studied in ovariectomized Wistar rats. A morphometric examination of the numberical density of dark and high granules in the B cells was therefore performed in each group of experimental rats as well as in control (olive oil-injected) rats. In the oestradiol-treated rats, and especially in the rats with combined oestradiol/progesterone treatment, the proportions of light and dark granules in the pancreatic B cells changed, compared with control values, in favour of the light granules. This increase in light granule content was comparable to changes in B cells during a pregnancy and it is suggested that the secretory activity of the B cells increases during pregnancy in a manner similar to that seen during oestradiol treatment. PMID- 6988541 TI - The inefficiency of ribosomes functioning in Escherichia coli growing at moderate rates. AB - It is generally agreed that ribosomes function with reduced efficiency (i.e. a smaller proportion is actually engaged in protein synthesis) in bacteria growing at low growth rates (doubling times greater than 2 h). This paper examines whether the efficiency is constant in bacteria growing at various rates corresponding to doubling times of less than 2 h. Because isotopic methods cannot be used in very rich media, turbidimetric methods have been extended to follow the kinetics of growth immediately following the shift-up of cultures of Escherichia coli ML308 growing in glucose minimal medium or succinate minimal medium into a very rich medium supporting a balanced doubling time of 17.4 min. It is concluded that the efficiency of ribosome participation in protein synthesis is higher in the very rich medium than in the two minimal media, which support doubling times of 43 and 65 min, respectively, at 37 degrees C. PMID- 6988540 TI - Correlations between gross and microscopic lesions in carcinogenic studies in mice. AB - Microscopic diagnoses of a number of spontaneous and induced neoplasms in mice were correlated with the gross findings of the ED01 and a number of other carcinogenic studies conducted at NCTR to determine the value of detailed histopathologic examinations in bioassay testing. The results indicated that for organs such as thymus, lung, adrenal, Harderian gland and urinary bladder 50% or more of the neoplastic lesions would be missed if at least one histological section were not examined from each organ. For organs such as the liver and mammary gland, a single tissue section did not greatly improve the ability to detect neoplastic lesions beyond that afforded by a thorough necropsy examination. PMID- 6988542 TI - Salmonella typhimurium mutants of RfaH-phenotype: genetics and antibiotic sensitivities. AB - Transductional mapping, with phage ES18 or ES18.hl, showed that several mutations causing the RfaH- phenotype (defective formation of galactose I and also of more distal units of the lipopolysaccharide core) were located between metE and pepQ in the Salmonella typhimurium linkage map; the affected locus is designated rfaH. The mutation of one strain of RfaH- phenotype was located elsewhere, at an unidentified rfa locus. Introduction of an F' plasmid containing the metE segment of the Escherichia coli chromosome into several rfaH mutants restored the "smooth" (Rfa+) phenotype. Several rfaH mutations, and that of the phenotypically similar rfa mutant, caused increased sensitivity to bacitracin, polymyxin, novobiocin, nafcillin and oxacillin, as expected if the mutations have no effect on the formation of the part of the lipopolysaccharide core proximal to the galactose units. PMID- 6988543 TI - Growth of mixed cultures of bacteria on methanol. PMID- 6988544 TI - Nickel requirement of a urease-deficient mutant in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - The addition of nickel ions restored urease activity in vivo and ability to grow on urea in a mutant strain of Aspergillus nidulans otherwise unable to utilize urea. This train carries a mutation in the ureD locus, one of four loci involved in urea utilization. No other urease-deficient strains tested responded to the presence of nickel ions. The analogous characteristics of the ureD mutant and the nitrate reductase and xanthine dehydrogenase associated cnxE mutants in Aspergillus nidulans are discussed. It is postulated that the ureD locus is in some way involved in the production or incorporation of a nickel cofactor essential for urease activity. PMID- 6988545 TI - Rough mutants of Salmonella typhimurium: immunochemical and structural analysis of lipopolysaccharides from rfaH mutants. AB - Lipopolysaccharides, extracted by phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether, from two rough mutants of Salmonella typhimurium of class rfaH were studied by passive haemagglutination inhibition and by methylation analysis. The structural and immunochemical analyses showed that (i) formation of the galactose I unit of the core is defective, but the defect is not complete, and (ii) of those core chains which do receive the galactose I residue, many are not continued to form complete core, but instead terminate at intermediate points. This suggests that the rfaH gene, though involved in formation of the galactose I unit, is not the structural gene for the galactosyltransferase which adds this unit. The rfaH product may be a positive regulator for several rfa genes specifying glycosyltransferases, or it may be a protein needed for the efficient action of several such transferases. PMID- 6988546 TI - In vivo detection of specific cell-mediated immunity in street rabies virus infection in mice. AB - In street rabies-infected mice, in vivo expression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) measured by the footpad test was revealed by challenge with inactivated fixed rabies virus (RV). The use of BCG as an adjuvant cell mediated immunity (CMI) was necessary for the production of significant DTH levels. Typical DTH kinetics were obtained, with a maximum at 24 h after the challenge. DTH was also found to be at highest levels 4 days after infection with street rabies virus. DTH could also be revealed with street rabies virus in RV immunized mice. Adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells from a street rabies infected donor to normal recipient mice was performed and DTH was tested with RV. Susceptibility of DTH to immunosuppression by cyclophosphamide treatment was also assayed in street rabies virus-infected mice and in adoptively-sensitized recipient mice. These results and the relationship between DTH and CMI in rabies infection and immunization are discussed. PMID- 6988548 TI - Histocompatibility antigens in familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - Histocompatibility antigens were defined in 25 members of a Finnish family in which Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was diagnosed clinically in 4 cases and neuropathologically in 3 cases; 3 further cases had a history of presenile dementia. 2 HLA haplotypes were defined in 3 patients and deduced in a further 3 cases; only one haplotype could be deduced in 2 patients. CJD was not linked with a single haplotype, but at least 7 out of 8 patients with this disease apparently shared the HLA antigens A28 and B8. PMID- 6988549 TI - H. Houston Merritt. PMID- 6988550 TI - Effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on cerebrovascular permeability to horseradish peroxidase. AB - The effects of hypoglycemia on cerebrovascular permeability to a protein, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), were studied in mice given 3 or 8 units of crytalline zinc insulin intraperitoneally. HRP (10 mg in 0.1 ml saline) was injected intravenously 15 to 20 minutes prior to sacrifice. Both mildly and severely hypoglycemic groups of mice showed a drastic reduction in the normal transit of HRP across cerebral arterioles. The number of normally-stained vessel segments and of HRP-filled endothelial vesicles decreased in insulin-treated mice. In the brains of severely hypoglycemic mice, however, increased parenchymal HRP accumulation occurred. A ruptured blood vessel was found in the center of one fourth of the focal exudates examined. Electron microscopic examination revealed thrombin, sometimes extending through the vessel wall, and hemorrhage, yet inter endothelial tight junctions remained intact. Seizures were associated with severe hypoglycemia in 6 out of 10 mice with serum glucose levels below 40 mg/100 ml following 8 units of insulin, but the number of focal exudates per brain was similar in all 10 mice. We conclude that insulin-induced hypoglycemia is associated with decreased HRP transit across cerebral arterioles, and that severe insulin shock is also accompanied by actual rupture of vessel walls and extravasation of blood and HRP into the parenchyma of the brain. PMID- 6988547 TI - Observations on a Latah-like disorder in Maine by George M. Beard, M.D., published in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease in 1878-1880. PMID- 6988551 TI - Gallium: mechanisms. PMID- 6988552 TI - Impaired immunologic ontogeny in postnatal zinc deprivation. AB - The effects of zinc deprivation upon the normal immunologic ontogeny of outbred N:NIH(S) mice was investigated by feeding lactating dams, from the day of parturition, and their pups to 8 weeks of age, a diet containing EDTA-washed isolated soy protein and 9 ppm (marginal zinc deficiency), 5 ppm (moderate zinc deficiency) or 2.5 ppm (severe zinc deficiency) zinc. Two groups of controls were provided with the same diet, but containing 100 ppm zinc; one group was fed ad libitum, the other was pair-fed to the level of food intake observed in the moderately deprived animals (5 ppm zinc). Severe growth retardation of lymphoid tissues, most notably thymus, was observed in all mice deprived of zinc. Indeed, the magnitude of splenic and thymic hypogenesis was directly dependent upon the severity of the dietary zinc deficit. Furthermore, zinc-deprived pups exhibited a significantly decreased splenic cellularity whether assessed per spleen or as a function of spleen weight, including a sharp reduction in both red and white cell counts. Similarly, at 4 weeks of age direct splenic plaque-forming cell responses to sheep erythrocyte immunization were dramatically diminished in mice that were moderately and severely deprived of zinc during the postnatal period. Finally, a striking and indicative feature of the critical import of zinc in immune maturation was the observation that these zinc-deficient mice at 4 weeks of age exhibited a highly disordered serum immunoglobulin profile, with absence of detectable IgM, IgG2a and IgA along with greatly elevated serum levels of IgG1. We suggest that deficiency of zinc during growth and development may predispose in a major way to acquired immune deficiency and opportunistic infection. PMID- 6988553 TI - The use of meditation--relaxation techniques for the management of stress in a working population. AB - The efficacy of meditation-relaxation techniques has been widely researched in the laboratory, but their effectiveness for management of stress in organizational settings is still relatively unexplored. The present study compared relaxation and control conditions as part of a program of stress reduction in industry. A total of 154 New York Telephone employees self-selected for stress learned one of three techniques--clinically standardized meditation (CSM), respiratory one method meditation (ROM) or progressive relaxation (PMR)- or served as waiting list controls. At 5.5 months, the treatment groups showed clinical improvement in self-reported symptoms of stress, but only the meditation groups (not the PMR group) showed significantly more symptom reduction than the controls. The meditation groups had a 78% compliance rate at 5.5 months with treatment effect seen whether subjects practiced their techniques frequently or occasionally. The safe and inexpensive semi-automated meditation training has considerable value for stress-management programs in organizational settings. PMID- 6988554 TI - Oklahoma's neurosurgical heritage. PMID- 6988555 TI - Clinicopathological conference. Case 30, part 2. Histiocytic lymphoma of the mandible. AB - A 77-year-old man with multiple medical problems had been treated for osteomyelitis of the left side of the mandible. Three weeks after treatment had been initiated, his condition was worse, and it was decided that more extensive surgery with the patient under general anesthesia should be done. PMID- 6988556 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis: a view at the end of the first half-century. PMID- 6988557 TI - Infections in leukemic children: a prospective analysis. AB - A 28-month prospective study of 54 leukemic children was carried out to determine the incidence and type of infection associated with febrile episodes. Fever was caused by infections in 84 of 199 episodes (71%). Two-thirds of the febrile episodes and 57% of the documented infections occurred when leukemic activity was demonstrable. However, only nine of 29 febrile episodes which occurred at the time of initial diagnosis of acute leukemia were due to infection. All serious bacterial infections occurred in children with absolute granulocyte counts less than 500/mm3. Septicemia was responsible for seven of the 17 deaths which occurred during the period of observation. The five children with Pseudomonas infections were colonized 10 to 30 days before they developed their infection. The majority of viral infections occurred in patients in remission, and were principally caused by cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, or Epstein-Barr virus. With the exception of one patient who died with a complex infection (CMV and Pneumocystis carinii), the children in this study responded well to viral infections. PMID- 6988558 TI - The effect of external expiratory resistance on lung volume and pulmonary function in the neonate. AB - To investigate the acute physiologic effects of external expiratory resistance on lung function in extubated neonates recovering from respiratory disease, lung mechanics, respiratory patterns, and functional residual capacity were measured in ten neonates dueing a control period and immediately after application of an external expiratory resistance of 30 cm H2O/l/second via a face mask. Following application of EER, mean FRC increased by 40.8% (P less than 0.05). The work of breathing was significantly increased after the EER was applied; there was also a significant increase in measured expiratory resistance and a decrease in inspiratory-expiratory time ratio. The change in lung volume was rapid, requiring less than five seconds for the new end-expiratory level to be reached. Dynamic lung compliance, inspiratory resistance, and respiratory rate did not change during any phase of the study. The application of external expiratory resistance may have potential therapeutic value by increasing lung volume in infants recovering from respiratory disease. PMID- 6988559 TI - Presentation of the 1979 Henry Baldwin Ward Medal. PMID- 6988560 TI - Acceptance of the Henry Baldwin Ward Medal. PMID- 6988561 TI - Presidential address: introducing President Fallis. PMID- 6988563 TI - Folate metabolism in filariae: enzymes associated with 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate. AB - Adult Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis were found to possess the following four enzymes that are associated with the cofactor 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (CH2FH4): serine hydroxymethyltransferase, thymidylate synthetase, CH2FH4 dehydrogenase, and CH2FH4 reductase. The properties of the isoenzymes from the two filariae were virtually indistinguishable, except that diethylcarbamazine inhibited CH2FH4 reductase from B. pahangi 50% at 10 muM, but did not not affect the isoenzyme from D. immitis at 100 muM. The properties of these four filarial enzymes generally were similar to their counterparts from mosquitoes and mammalian sources, but several notable differences were identified. PMID- 6988562 TI - Presidential Address: The time of our lives. PMID- 6988564 TI - The determination of oxygen in aqueous solution: a review of methods. PMID- 6988566 TI - Lethal ocular injuries. PMID- 6988565 TI - Corneal ulceration due to Shigella flexneri. AB - Shigella keratitis with ulceration is a rare occurrence with only four previous reports in the literature. Corneal ulceration appears to be characteristically superficial with a predilection for the inferior cornea. In the case reported here, resolution of ulceration occurred with the use of gentamicin and chloramphenicol, following a poor response to sulfacetamide. Experimental evidence strongly suggests that the course of infection is usually self-limited but that corneal scarring is a common sequelae. In the majority of the clinical cases reported to date, corneal ulceration has responded to appropriate antimicrobials with resolution, but has left residual opacification. To the extent that all of the cases were in young children, assessment of the degree of visual loss has been difficult to ascertain. PMID- 6988567 TI - Anterior segment dysgenesis keratolenticular adhesion and aniridia. AB - Three additional cases of keratolenticular adhesion and aniridia have been reported. A review of the embryology and terminology in the description of complex lesion of the anterior segment might suggest the more general phrase, anterior segment dysgenesis, to have advantage. Finally, the simultaneous occurrence of anterior segment anomalies and hemophilia is reported. PMID- 6988568 TI - Henry M. Goldman, D.M.D. Editor emeritus, Journal of Periodontology. PMID- 6988569 TI - The bite plate--an adjunct in periodontic and orthodontic therapy. AB - This report reviews bite plate therapy and describes several variations of bite plates. Bite plates may be useful as an adjunct to periodontic and orthodontic therapy. They may be used as a diagnostic appliance, to take mobile teeth out of trauma by disarticulating them, to allow teeth to extrude and shallow out associated osseous deformities, and to eliminate the superimposed occlusal trauma that may be caused by the parafunctional habits that can develop during orthodontic tooth movement. The change in vertical position of the dentition and the decrease in overbite are primarily due to eruption of the posterior teeth and not intrusion of the lower anterior teeth. The decrease in overbite may be accompanied by an increase in overjet and an alteration of the mesio-distal and bucco-lingual occlusal landmarks. In some cases the use of a bite plate may cause the development of an anterior open bite. Any such occlussal alterations produced by the bite plate should be corrected by occlusal adjustment or orthodontic therapy and occlusal adjustment. PMID- 6988570 TI - Hepatitis. A review of the disease and its significance to dentistry. AB - The report is a review of the literature related to hepatitis B and its implications for dental practitioners. Hepatitis B represents a serious health risk among dentists and simple preventive measures can greatly reduce the risk of transmission or contraction of the disease. Certain positive findings in a healthy history should alert the dentist that he may be treating a carrier of hepatitis B. If so, the wearing of gloves, a mask and protective eyewear will almost totally protect one from contracting the disease. To guard against transmission of hepatitis B to other patients in the dental practice, all instruments should be sterilized and all environmental surfaces should be appropriately treated. A person with a confirmed exposure to hepatitis B should be inoculated with immune serum globulin. PMID- 6988572 TI - The effects of periodontal therapy on the mast cell population in gingival tissues. AB - The histologic condition of the gingival tissues was determined prior to and 4 weeks after scaling and curettage, then 4 months after periodontal osseous surgery in a group of eight patients with chronic periodontitis. The histopathologic changes were correlated with variations in mast cell population following the different modes of periodontal therapy. PMID- 6988571 TI - The effect of root decalcification on the formation of "functionally" oriented collagen fibers. AB - It has been shown that "functionally" oriented collagen fibers will attach to cementum when a healthy root fragment is implanted subcutaneously in the rat along with decalcified autogenous bone. The purpose of the present study was to show how prior root decalcification affected this inductive action. Twenty-six pairs of bone and root were implanted in 13 200-gm, female, white, Sherman strain rats. The postoperative periods ranged from 1 week to 12 months. The results showed that root decalcification prevented formation of the "functionally" oriented fibers and inhibited bone induction by the decalcified autogenous bone. It was suggested that all roots have an inhibitor, the least amount in periodontally healthy roots and the most in periodontally diseased roots. It was suggested that the clinical successes in reattachment reported with acid treatment of roots were due to the denaturant effects rather than surface decalcification. PMID- 6988573 TI - Insulin I125 distribution within oral tissues. AB - The localization of insulin I125 in oral tissues of the rat was investigated. Eight rats were made chemically diabetic in order to study the tissue distribution of insulin I125. Two nondiabetic control animals were also injected with the tracer. Another animal served as a complete control (i.e., not injected with either the diabetic inducer or insulin I125). Additional controls were sections of thyroid and liver. Experimental rats were sacrificed at preselected time intervals and autoradiographic procedures were performed subsequent to conventional histologic studies. Qualitative grain counts were made of each slide in order to compare with the background count. All oral tissues studied except dentin showed insulin I125 uptake. PMID- 6988575 TI - Overdentures for treatment of severe attrition. AB - This treatment of dentinogenesis imperfecta presented many problems because of the severe attrition of the existing teeth. An overdenture may be used in similar situations of extreme attrition. PMID- 6988574 TI - Mechanism of the chronotropic effects of prostacyclin in the dog: comparison with the actions of prostaglandin E2. AB - The cardiovascular effects of prostaglandin (PG) I2 and E2 were investigated in the anesthetized dog and in the isolated blood perfused canine atrial preparation cross-circulated by the donor dog. When small doses of PGI2 (less than .01 microgram/kg) or PGE2 (1 microgram/kg) were injected into the jugular vein of the donor dog, there was a slight fall in blood pressure (5-10 mm Hg) and a slight degree of tachycardia (2-6 beats/min). However, larger doses of PGI2 (1-10 microgram/kg) or PGE2 (3-10 microgram/kg) produced hypotension that was associated with marked bradycardia. The bradycardia produced by both PGE2 and PGI2 in the donor dog was blocked by either atropine pretreatment or vagotomy and was inverted to tachycardia. The tachycardia was significantly suppressed by propranolol. Administration of PGI2 either to the donor dog or directly into the sinus node arterial cannula did not alter the atrial rate or developed tension in the isolated blood perfused atrial preparation. In contrast, when PGE2 was given in larger doses (10 microgram/kg) to the donor dog, the sinus rate and developed tension in the isolated atria were increased. This effect was markedly diminished after propranolol treatment. Administration of PGE2 (1-30 microgram) close arterially into the sinus node artery produced positive chronotropic and inotropic effect which was not statistically significant. We conclude that PGI2 and PGE2 produce a negative chronotropic effect which is due to increased vagal activity and that these agents have no direct cardiac stimulatory effects in the anesthetized dog. PMID- 6988576 TI - The face-form as a guide for the selection of maxillary central incisors. AB - The outline forms of both maxillary central incisor teeth were compared with the "actual" and "apparent" face-forms in 70 subjects, to determine whether a close similarity of face-forms and tooth forms exists, which would support the "law of harmony" method for the selection of replacement of teeth. The results of the investigation do not support the contention of Williams but rather invalidate this method of teeth selection because more than two-thirds of the individuals showed no similarity between face-form and incisor tooth form. PMID- 6988577 TI - Influence of diuretics on complete denture retention: a preliminary report. AB - Diuretics were suspected of affecting denture retention. A device was constructed to measure changes in retention. Data were obtained from patients both while they were receiving and not receiving diuretics. Significant changes were noted, and the results indicated that patients taking diuretics are likely to have problems with denture retention. PMID- 6988578 TI - Posterior peripheral seal distortion related to height of the maxillary ridge. AB - A statistically significant positive relationship exists between ridge height of a cast and dimensional changes in the posterior peripheral seal region of its denture base. This dimensional change might be clinically insignificant, but it should not be ignored. The relationship between distortion of the denture base and composition of the denture teeth is not significant. The relationship of distortion of the denture base at the region of the posterior peripheral seal and variables of ridge height and tooth composition were studied. A positive relationship exists between ridge height and distortion, but no significant relationship was found between dimensional change and the use of porcelain or acrylic resin teeth. Using computer analysis, an equation, table, and curve were derived for values of expected dimensional change in the posterior peripheral seal region related to various ridge heights. PMID- 6988579 TI - An amalgam coronal-radicular dowel and core technique for endodontically treated posterior teeth. PMID- 6988580 TI - Salvaging terminal dentitions with convertible periodontal prostheses. AB - An alternative to the complete denture, the transitional prosthesis, the overdenture, and some tooth-splinting clasped partial dentures has been presented. The convertible periodontal prosthesis has many of the advantages of the overdenture, but few of the disadvantages such as palatal coverage, the appearance of a denture, and the psychologic effect. Preliminary observations over a 7-year period indicate that the periodontal condition of the abutment teeth improves. A case for periodontal worthiness of this method of periodontal prosthesis can be made. PMID- 6988581 TI - Two-part coping, dowel, and core. PMID- 6988582 TI - Adaptation of threaded dowels to dentin. AB - Adaptation of threaded dowels to the walls of the canals is minimal in the cervical third and maximal in the apical third. Each of the three types of dowels may cause lateral stresses and possibly fracture. Matched reamers and dowels reduce the danger of fracture. Smaller-diameter dowels maintain less contact with the dentin and avoid weakening the root. The Kurer Anchor system provided a satisfactory combination of nonlateral residual stresses which protected the root from complications. PMID- 6988583 TI - A comparison of six impression syringes. AB - Five manually operated, and one air-activated, syringes were evaluated and compared. When used with polyether or polysulfide, some disposable syringes were found to require in excess of 100 pounds of force to operate. The metal reusable syringe required only 13 and 21 pounds, respectively, with the same materials; the air-activated syringe required none. There was no significant difference among the syringes with regard to bubble entrapment during impression making. There was a significant difference found in this regard among the five experienced dentists. The air-activated syringe was most easily controlled, as evidenced by the significantly smaller number of tracing errors made with it. PMID- 6988584 TI - Views on the aetiology of some cancers. PMID- 6988585 TI - Acute liver failure. PMID- 6988586 TI - Report of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. PMID- 6988587 TI - Naturally occurring leprosy-like disease of wild armadillos: ultrastructure of lepromatous lesions. PMID- 6988588 TI - 10,10-Difluoro-13-dehydroprostacyclin: a chemically and metabolically stabilized potent prostacyclin. PMID- 6988589 TI - Potential antitumor agents. 33. Quantitative structure--activity relationships for mutagenic activity and antitumor activity of substituted 4'-(9 acridinylamino)methanesulfonanilide derivatives. AB - A series of substituted 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfonanilide (AMSA) derivatives have been tested for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1537 and for antitumor activity against the L1210 leukemia in mice. Two measures of mutagenic activity were determined and quantitative structure- activity relationships (QSAR) developed for them. M50, the percentage of drug induced mutant colonies observed at the concentration providing 50% inhibition of bacterial growth, is a measure of mutagenic efficiency. The lowest molar drug concentration (1/C) needed to induce a fixed proportion of revertants (chosen as 50 per 10(8) bacteria) is a measure of mutagenic effectiveness. The two measures of antitumor activity modeled were ILSmax (the percent increase in life span observed for each derivative at its LD10 dose), a measure of tumor cell selectivity, and 1/D40 (the dose of drug to provide an ILS of 40%), a measure of dose potency. These measures of bioactivity were intercompared and modeled in terms of a number of drug physicochemical properties. The results show that drug lipophilic/hydrophilic balance is the dominant factor in determining both mutagenic and antitumor activity, although other factors are involved. The two different types of activity can be readily separated in the AMSA drug series by appropriate choice of substituent and adjustment of overall drug lipophilic/hydrophilic balance. PMID- 6988590 TI - The biology and behavior of Triatoma barberi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Mexico. I. Blood meal sources and infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 6988591 TI - Vector competence of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus. PMID- 6988592 TI - Sylvatic hosts of Rhodnius pallescens (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) nymphs in the Panama Canal Zone. PMID- 6988594 TI - Policy-making and governance in academic health centers. AB - Treating academic health centers (AHCs) as unique organizations that merit serious investigation, the authors outline key changes which have shaped today's AHCs, discuss various modes of AHC organization and governance, and analyze certain factors which make AHC policy-making so complex. In addition, they assess the relevance of certain policy-making models, concluding that no one model completely describes AHC governance. They suggest that the contingency theory of organizations offers a useful perspective on AHCs and point to matrix management as one contemporary method being tried in an effort to cope with the problems of AHC governance. Finally, the authors offer a set of decision-making continua as an alternative to governance models for analyzing policy-making in AHCs. PMID- 6988593 TI - Haems and chlorophylls: comparison of function and formation. PMID- 6988595 TI - Electron microscopic studies of the binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to DNA. I. Characterization of the non-specific interactions of holoenzyme with a restriction fragment of bacteriophage T7 DNA. PMID- 6988596 TI - Electron microscopic studies of the binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to DNA. II. Formation of multiple promoter-like complexes at non-promoter sites. PMID- 6988597 TI - Axial packing in light meromyosin paracrystals. PMID- 6988598 TI - Chemical and functional quantitation of gene 0.3 messenger RNA during T7 infection. PMID- 6988599 TI - Translational discrimination against bacteriophage T7 gene 0.3 messenger RNA. PMID- 6988600 TI - Compact globular conformation of protein S4 from Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 6988601 TI - Heterogeneity of rat cardiac cells of defined origin in single cell culture. PMID- 6988602 TI - Furman Jeremiah Shadd, MD 1852-1908. PMID- 6988603 TI - Meralgia paresthetica secondary to trauma of bone graft. AB - Many causes of meralgia paresthetica (neuropathy of lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh) have been suggested. This is a case of a 42-year-old man who developed sensory loss and dysesthesia in the anterolateral thigh following an incision for pelvic bone graft. PMID- 6988604 TI - Intracranial bullet migrating to pulmonary artery. AB - A young male patient with a gunshot wound to the head is presented. The .22 caliber bullet initially lodged in the superior sagittal sinus migrated to the chest and permanently embolized in a branch of the left pulmonary artery. The patient is asymptomatic except for focal epilepsy. PMID- 6988605 TI - Protective effect of a splenic extract in mice with endotoxemia. AB - We have previously described the isolation of a lipoidal splenic extract (LSE) that demonstrated a variety of hematologic effects including inhibition of platelet aggregation both in vivo and in vitro. Since endotoxin causes platelet aggregation and microembolism the protective effect of LSE in endotoxemia was examined in the present study. Both young and elderly Swiss mice given LSE 2--3 hours before endotoxin challenge showed a statistically significant increase in survival compared with saline-treated controls. However, no significant improvement in survival was noted when LSE was administered at the same time as endotoxin. These results add further support to the role of the spleen in the control of infection. PMID- 6988606 TI - Role of the host cell in bacteriophage T4 development. I. Characterization of host mutants that block T4 head assembly. AB - To study the role of the host cell in bacteriophage T4 infection, we selected more than 600 mutant host-defective bacteria that absorbed and were killed by phage T4+ but were unable to support its growth. The mutants were grouped into seven classes by the growth patterns of T4 phages carrying compensating mutations (go mutants [grows on]), selected on four prototype host-defective strains. Lysis and DNA synthesis experiments indicated that classes A, AD, D, and B (the majority of the host-defective mutants) block T4+ development at an assembly step, class C mutants affect an early stage in phage development, and class F mutants appear to act at more than one stage. Analysis of T4+ infection in the assembly-defective mutants by in vitro complementation, electron microscopy, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the host defective mutations interfere with T4+ capsid formation at the level of phage gene 31 function, before assembly of any recognizable capsid structure. The mutations map near purA, but at two or possibly three different sites. The go mutant phages able to overcome the host defect carry mutations in either gene 31, as found by others for similar defective hosts, or in the gene for the major capsid protein (gene 23). The gene 23 go mutations do not bypass the requirement for gene 31 function. These results suggest that at least three components must interact to initiate T4 head assembly: gp31, gp23, and one or more host factors. The compensatory effects of mutational alterations in these components are highly allele specific, consistent with the view that phage and host components interact directly in protein complexes. PMID- 6988607 TI - Fluorescence changes of a membrane-bound dye during bacteriophage T5 infection of Escherichia coli. AB - The fluorescence intensity of membrane-bound N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine increases dramatically when T5 bacteriophage infect colicin Ib plasmid-containing hosts. This dramatic increase is not seen during normal infections or in infections wherein either the plasmid or the phage contain mutations which allow productive infection to occur. Two smaller increases in fluorescence intensity are seen, however, in all T5 infections in which the characteristic two-step injection of DNA can proceed. PMID- 6988608 TI - T1 genes which affect transduction. AB - Amber mutants of T1 were grown on each of three donor strains which were identical except that they carried different suppressors: respectively, supD, supE, and supB. The efficiency with which the mutants were able to transduce was tested after growth on each donor. In general, it was found that functions which control the synthesis of phage DNA usually caused significant increases in the efficiency of transduction (EOT). A few mutants located in genes essential for head production caused significant decreases in EOT. The presence of a particular suppressor in a donor can cause noteworthy changes in the EOT by certain of the mutant phages. Amber mutations in gene 3 of T1 were extremely sensitive to the particular suppressor present in the donor, showing a 17-fold decrease in EOT compared with other mutants after growth in donors with the supD suppressor and a 75-fold increase after growth in supE donors. Increases in EOT by early genes of T1 do not seem to be caused by a lack of competition of bacterial DNA with phage DNA during packaging since, in most instances, infective phage were produced in relatively normal amounts compared with wild-type T1. Phage DNA synthesis and degradations of the host chromosome are closely coupled in T1 infections; we believe that increases in EOT by mutants of early functions are due to inefficient degradation of the host chromosome. PMID- 6988609 TI - Purification and preliminary immunological characterization of the type 5 adenovirus, nonstructural 100,000-dalton protein. AB - The nonstructural 100,000-dalton (100K) protein of type 5 adenovirus was isolated and purified from infected KB cells by a combination of ion-exchange and affinity chromatographies. Rabbit antiserum containing specific 100K protein antibodies was used for indirect immunofluorescence examination of cells infected with wild type virus, 100K mutants, and hexon mutants. The 100K protein, which is synthesized as a late protein, was observed primarily in the cytoplasm of cells infected with wild-type and mutant viruses. PMID- 6988611 TI - Radioimmunoassay and immunoperoxidase of pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein in sera and tumor cells of patients with certain testicular germ cell tumors. AB - An immunohistologic study on 13 of 97 patients with germ cell tumors of the testis having elevated serum pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein was undertaken to correlate the presence of this marker in the various cell types of this tumor. Four placentas were obtained from patients in the first trimester of pregnancy and studied for the presence of pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein in various cells of this organ using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Specific beta-1 glycoprotein was demonstrated in the syncytiotrophoblastic component of choriocarcinoma. This placental marker also was localized in syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells occasionally associated with embryonal carcinoma, with or without teratoma. All 13 patients were chosen for the presence of an elevated level of pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein in the sera. There was tissue localization of pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein in 3 of 4 cases of choriocarcinoma (75 per cent), 4 of 4 samples of placenta (100 per cent), 4 of 5 cases of embryonal carcinoma (80 per cent) and 2 of 4 cases of teratocarcinoma (50 per cent). PMID- 6988610 TI - Renal autotransplantation for recurrent renal colic. AB - Renal autotransplantation as an alternative to ileal interposition has been done successfully in patients with repetitive episodes of renal colic. Urinary tract continuity has been re-established by anastomosis of a Boari tube directly to the renal pelvis. This has resulted in easy egress of recurrent calculi without pain. Furthermore, the musculature of the Boari tube seems to be adequate for prevention of vesicorenal reflux. The procedure has been devoid of electrolyte and mucous urinary retention problems associated with ileal interpositionand it is advocated as an alternative in the management of such patients when medical therapy fails. PMID- 6988612 TI - Multilevel care. PMID- 6988614 TI - The NCCLS and medical devices. PMID- 6988613 TI - Thomas A. Edison. PMID- 6988615 TI - Allan Lloyd Hodgkin. PMID- 6988616 TI - Postscript on excretion rates in posttransplant cystinuric patient. PMID- 6988618 TI - Robert Barany. PMID- 6988617 TI - Evaluation of a worldwide spontaneous reporting system with cimetidine. AB - Adverse reactions to cimetidine have been identified through the manufacturer's Worldwide Spontaneous Reporting System. Reactions not observed during clinical trials-mental confusion, interstitial nephritis, and potentiation of oral anticoagulants-were identified and added to the prescribing information for cimetidine while further studies were undertaken. The monitoring of the drug's adverse reaction profile is ongoing so that new types of reactions can be identified. PMID- 6988619 TI - Role of endocrine factors in chronic congestive heart failure, with emphasis on catecholamines. AB - Changes in endocrine activity in response to tilting of the body were studied in 16 in-patients with various degrees of chronic congestive heart failure and one healthy subject. Norepinephrine and epinephrine excretion, plasma renin activity and plasma cortisol concentration were determined first in recumbency and then during 45 degree head-up tilting. The subjects were divided into three groups depending on the severity of heart failure. In recumbency urinary norepinephrine averaged 31.6 (standard deviation 12.7) ng/min in group 1 (controls), 54.9 +/- 25.3 ng/min in group 2 (NYHA class II--III) and 79.5 ng/min in group 3 (NYHA class IV). Thus the level of urinary norepinephrine increased with the degree of heart failure. In recumbency epinephrine excretion and plasma cortisol concentration were not different among three groups. Plasma renin activity was elevated in group 3. There was a significant positive correlation between the changes in plasma renin activity and epinephrine secretion (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01). The present study revealed that patients with slight to moderate congestive heart failure have a normal endocrine response to tilting while those in severe failure have only a slight response. It is probable that the augmented sympathetic nerve activity and increased circulating blood volume, already present in severe failure, allow for less hemodynamic change upon tilting. PMID- 6988621 TI - [Current view of the studies on the history of anesthesiology (7)--Tekisai Okubo, a pioneer of the pain clinic in Japan]. PMID- 6988620 TI - [The effect of Stadol (butorphanol) on patients with severe postoperative pain--a double-blind comparative study with morphine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988623 TI - [A mass screening procedure for galactosemia utilizing E. coli Q396 and Bacteriophage U3. (2) Study on the specificity for galactose (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988624 TI - [Studies on dog lymphocyte antigen (DLA) system: cytotoxic antibodies of serum produced by allo-skin transplantation and pregnancy in bitches]. PMID- 6988622 TI - Effect of metildigoxin (beta-methyldigoxin) on congestive heart failure as evaluated by multiclinical double blind study. AB - The efficacy on congestive heart failure of metildigoxin (beta-methyldigoxin, MD), a derivative of digoxin (DX), which had a good absorption rate from digestive tract, was examined in a double blind study using a gorup comparison method. After achieving digitalization with oral MD or intravenous deslanoside in the non-blind manner, maintenance treatment was initiated and the effects of orally administered MD and DX were compared. MD was administered in 44 cases, DX in 42. The usefulness of the drug was evaluated after 2 weeks, taking into account the condition of the patient and the case of administration. No significant difference was observed between the usefulness of MD and that of DX. The use of digitalis differs according to the preparation involved. In the double blind study on MD and DX, the way in which digitalis was used may have inclined towards the way in which DX, which is more familiar to us, is used. Therefore, even if MD were superior to DX in usefulness, it would be difficult to obtain a result which proved this. Taking these points into consideration, it is concluded that MD is practically useful in clinical medicine. PMID- 6988625 TI - Effects of gonadectomy on foreign-body tumorigenesis in CBA/H mice. AB - Sarcomas were induced by sc implantation of unplasticized polyvinylchloride vinylacetate films in gonadectomized and normal male and female CBA/H mice. Gonadectomy did not demonstrably influence tumor incidence and tumor latencies in males but significantly prolonged tumor latencies in females. The results suggest that estrogen influences the pace of foreign-body tumorigenesis in CBA/H mice. PMID- 6988626 TI - Plasma membrane and intracellular lipid synthesis in tumor cells rendered resistant to humoral immune killing after treatment with hormones. AB - Line-10 hepatoma cells from Sewall Wright guinea pigs are sensitive to killing by antibody plus human complement. Hormones that decrease the sensitivity of the cells to antibody-complement-mediated killing (insulin and hydrocortisone) were examined for their effects on the ability of the cells to synthesize and incorporate specific lipids into plasma membrane and intracellular membrane fractions. Cells that had been rendered resistant to antibody-complement-mediated killing following incubation for 1 hour with either of the hormones were enhanced in their incorporation of newly synthesized L-alpha-phosphatidyl serine, L-alpha phosphatidyl choline, and triglycerides into the plasma membrane as well as L alpha-phosphatidyl choline, L-alpha-phosphatidyl serine, and cholesteryl ester into mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, or microsomes; these cells were inhibited in cardiolipin synthesis. Cells cultured for 4 hours with hormone regained their sensitivity to antibody-complement-mediated killing and reverted to control levels in their ability to synthesize and incorporate lipids into plasma and intracellular membranes. These data suggest that agents that increase the resistance of the tumor cells to humoral immune killing stimulate the synthesis and incorporation of specific complex lipids into plasma membrane and intracellular organelles; these effects are generally opposite those observed after treatment with agents that increase the sensitivity of the cells to antibody-complement-mediated killing (metabolic inhibitors). PMID- 6988627 TI - [Controlled trial of isoniazid.rifampicin.ethambutol regimen and isoniazid.rifampicin.pyrazinamide regimen in the primary chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988628 TI - [Prof. Zofia Kowarzykowa]. PMID- 6988629 TI - [60th birthday of Prof. Hans-Joachim Dietzsch]. PMID- 6988630 TI - [Significance of Hyperoxia test combined with CPAP (CPAP test) in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (preliminary report)]. PMID- 6988631 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus in newborn infants (a review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 6988632 TI - [Lev Konstantinovich Bogush (on his 75th birthday)]. PMID- 6988633 TI - [Achievements of Prof. Tadeusz Krwawicz in the field of ophthalmology]. PMID- 6988634 TI - [Experimental inhibition of collagenolysis by application of low temperature in the process of rejection of artificial cornea (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988635 TI - [Transplant pyelonephritis (author's transl)]. AB - Examinations of the urine in 216 kidney allograft recipients resulted in significant bacteriuria in 274 samples of 1,802 urines tested. Bacteruria was found in 30 patients with recurrent or chronic persistent infections of the urinary tract; this patient group was studied by examination of 399 urine samples (mean 13.3 samples per patient). Four patients suffered from urologic complications after kidney grafting and were excluded from the study; 15 patients were diagnosed clinically and/or histologically with transplant pyelonephritis, 11 patients with cystitis. Of main importance for the diagnosis of transplant pyelonephritis were findings of persistent leucocyturia and the presence of antibody-coated bacteria. Both of these findings were repeatedly seen in all patients with transplant pyelonephritis. Clinical symptoms included fever and dysuria. In contrast to patients suffering from cystitis, transplant function detoriated in 13 of 15 patients with transplant pyelonephritis; two patients had to be treated by hemodialysis. Septicemia occurred in eight of the 15 patients studied. The data illustrate the frequency of transplant pyelonephritis as observed in 15 of 26 patients accompaining chronic urinary tract infection after kidney allograft transplantation. As a predisposing factor, obstruction of the urinary tract was diagnosed in eight of the 15 transplant recipients with pyelonephritis. The prednisone dose was higher than 10 mg in eight of 15 patients at the time transplant infection was diagnosed. Successful antibiotic treatment resulted in stable transplant function in three patients; four patients exhibited even lower serum creatinine levels after therapy. PMID- 6988636 TI - [Basic problems and tasks of clinical pharmacogenetics]. PMID- 6988637 TI - [From the stories about G. A. Zakhar'in]. PMID- 6988638 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6988639 TI - [Unusual manifestations of Salmonella infection (a review of the foreign literature]. PMID- 6988640 TI - [Pancreas in the digestive organ system]. PMID- 6988641 TI - [Clinical bacteriological characteristics of salmonellosis]. PMID- 6988642 TI - [Evgenii Vladislavovich Gembitskii (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6988643 TI - [State of immunogenesis in different methods of treating acute dysentery]. PMID- 6988644 TI - [Body autosensitization in pseudotuberculous infection]. PMID- 6988645 TI - [Clinical significance of antibodies to the smooth musculature in chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 6988646 TI - [Food intolerance]. PMID- 6988647 TI - The complications of diaphyseal fractures in dogs: a review of 100 cases. PMID- 6988648 TI - Pulmonary paragonimiasis in dogs and cats: a review. PMID- 6988649 TI - The significance of the alcohol prohibitionists for the Washington temperance societies; with special reference to Paterson and Newark, New Jersey. AB - The establishment and activities of the Washington temperance societies in Paterson and Newark are described, and the role of the temperance-prohibitionists in their decline is analyzed. PMID- 6988650 TI - Error propagation in intracellular information transfer. PMID- 6988652 TI - Late results following repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection with sinus venosus atrial septal defect. PMID- 6988653 TI - Three contributors to cardiac catheterization. PMID- 6988651 TI - Technique for tricuspid annuloplasty with a flexible linear reducer: medium-term results. AB - The surgical treatment for tricuspid incompetence requires a choice between reconstruction or replacement with a prosthetic valve. The conservative approach offers many advantages in functional tricuspid incompetence. Our technique for annuloplasty utilizes a flexible linear reducer (FLR) to support a selective reduction of the distended portion of the anulus. The insertion of the septal leaflet is always left free, and physiological flexibility of the tricuspid anulus is assured. The repaired valve is sturdy because of the prosthetic support, and inserting the FLR is simple and poses no risk to the His bundle. The medium-term results (mean follow-up 10 months) in 20 consecutive patients (all with a complete postoperative reinvestigation) are satisfactory. Because this procedure is simple and harmless, it frequently can be applied for direct correction of functional tricuspid incompetence during polyvalvular operation. PMID- 6988654 TI - Prostacyclin synthesis in human lymphatics. AB - The ability of human lymphatics to generate prostacyclin in important amounts (4.5 +/- 2.1 pg/mg/min) is described. The prostacyclin produced, exhibits the same properties as reported for arterial and venous tissue. No age and sex difference could be observed. The role of prostacyclin in physiology of lymphatics, however, is unknown. PMID- 6988655 TI - [New contributions to the etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - The present studies on the possible factors that can be implicated in the etiopathogenesis of diabetes are reviewed. The association between insulin dependent diabetes and certain specifications of the HLA system are commented on, as well as the experimental studies and the clinical observations which indicate the possible relationship between this disease and some viruses. The role played by autoimmunity is thoroughly discussed, specially the significance of anti pancreatic islet antibodies. Finally, new pathogenic theories and classifications of the disease are proposed. PMID- 6988656 TI - A new form of renin in normal human plasma: "big renin" is a mixture of inactive prorenin and the new active high molecular weight renin. PMID- 6988657 TI - Indomethacin (IND) inhibits an enhanced renin release following the captopril, SQ 14225, administration. PMID- 6988658 TI - [Therapy of threatening situations in recent myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6988659 TI - [Pathophysiology and therapy of diabetic coma]. PMID- 6988660 TI - [Statistical studies on the etiology of stomach stump carcinoma]. PMID- 6988661 TI - [Correlations between blood pressure, renin and body weight during hemodialysis]. PMID- 6988662 TI - [In memoriam--Wolfgang Irmer]. PMID- 6988663 TI - [Sports as a preventive and therapeutic measure. How much do we know?]. PMID- 6988664 TI - [Ambulatory rehabilitation facilities in centrally located hospitals for patients with coronary disease]. PMID- 6988665 TI - [The problem of early diagnosis of dyslexia and spelling disability]. PMID- 6988666 TI - Synthesis of P1 ban protein in minicells infected by P1 mutants. AB - Phage P1 encodes a dnaB analog (ban) protein. Synthesis of ban protein has been studied in minicells infected by P1 mutants and has been identified as a polypeptide of 56,000 molecular weight by immunoprecipitation using antibody directed against E. coli dnaB protein. The amount of ban protein synthesized by P1 mutants increases in the order: P1 wild type, P1bac, P1crr, and P1bac crr. The relative amount of ban protein identified in P1bac- and P1bac crr-infected minicells is approximately the same as that previously found in dnaB.ban heteromultimers isolated from the corresponding P1 lysogens. PMID- 6988667 TI - Denaturation mapping of the ribosomal DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The thermal melting profile of purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is biphasic indicating considerable intramolecular heterogeneity in base composition. The first phase of the transition, about 20% of the total hyperchromic shift, has a Tm of 80.6 degrees C and the second phase has a Tm of 87.3 degrees C, corresponding to GC contents of 28 and 44%, respectively. The Tm of the nonribosomal nuclear DNA, called alpha DNA, is 85.7 degrees C. This heterogeneity in GC distribution in the rDNA is also reflected in its denaturation map. A denaturation map of the 5.6 X 10(6) dalton rDNA SmaI restruction fragment, which represents monomer units of the rDNA, shows that specific regions of the repeating unit denature more readily than the remainder and apparently have a significantly higher AT content. By aligning the rDNA denaturation map with the restriction endonuclease map, we have been able to determine that the AT-rich segments are localized in the transcribed and nontranscribed spacer regions of the rDNA repeating unit. Buoyant density determinations of individual rDNA restriction fragments corroborate the locations of AT-rich regions. A denaturation map of the tandem repeating units in higher molecular weight rDNA has also been constructed and compared with the map of the SmaI fragment. The results show that the repeating units are uniform in size, that they are not separated by large heterogeneous regions, and that they are arranged in head-to-tail array. PMID- 6988669 TI - Isolation and characterization of plasmid-deletion derivatives from an Hfr made with Rts1 plasmid carrying a chromosomal mutation, plt. PMID- 6988668 TI - A double base change in alternate base pairs induced by ultraviolet irradiation in a glycine transfer RNA gene. AB - The glyUsuAGA mutation affects Escherichia coli tRNA Gl y GGG, changing it to an AGA missense suppressor tRNA. Sequence studies have shown that the mutation involves a double base subsitution at the first and third positions of the tRNA anticodon, the result being a change in the anticodon from CCC to UCU. A system has been developed to facilitate the detection of this novel mutation, and we have shown that ultraviolet irradiation and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) are effective in causing the double base change. A single observation of the mutation occurring spontaneously has been made also. The frequency of MNNG induced glyUsuAGA mutations is compatible with their being caused by two separate mutagenic events. The frequency of UV-induced glyAGA mutations, however, strongly suggests that the occurrence of one base substitution strongly enhances the chance of finding the second substitution at the alternate position. In addition to the double change in the anticodon, the glyUsuAGA tRNA differs from tRNA Gl y GGG in that it bears a modification of the A adjacent to the 3' position of the anticodon. Most likely, this modified base is N-[9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-purin-6 ylcarbamoyl] threonine. PMID- 6988670 TI - The ribosomal components responsible for kasugamycin dependence, and its suppression, in a mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - The phenotype of a kasugamycin dependent mutant, MV17, was found to be the product of a kasugamycin resistance mutation in ksgA, together with a dependentizing mutation in rplW, the gene for large ribosomal subunit protein L23. Revertants from dependence on this small subunit targeted antibiotic were found to have mutational laterations in ribosomal proteins L23, L1, L11, and S9. The mutations causing alterations in L1 and L23 were shown to be responsible for the reversion and that altering L11 to be involved in the reversion. PMID- 6988671 TI - A new mutation rpoD800, affecting the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase is allelic to two other sigma mutants. AB - We have characterized a new mutation rpoD800 affecting the sigma gene of E. coli. Upon tranfer to high temperature, a strain with the rpoD800 mutation ceases growth within 30 min. We find that this mutation renders sigma about 10-fold more thermolabile than the wild type sigma at 45 degrees C in vitro. We have compared the temperature profile for inactivation of wild type and mutant sigma and find that the mutant inactivates at a temperature about 9 degrees C lower than does the wild type. The chromosomal locus affected by rpoD800 is shown to be allelic to the locus affected by the spontaneous mutants ts285 and alt-1. All three mutations result in altered sigma and in altered growth at high temperature. We argue that the single locus affected is the structural gene for the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase. PMID- 6988672 TI - Analysis of yeast ilv 1 CIS control and domain mutants. AB - We have identified a cis control region specific for the ilv 1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutants designated ilv 1-OPc map in this control region located between arg 6 and ilv 1 and result in increased basal levels and constitutive synthesis of the ilv 1 gene products. Furthermore, ilv 1 mutants have been isolated in three different structural domains indicating that the ilv 1 gene may contain a functional intervening sequence specific for one of the two gene products. PMID- 6988674 TI - Autotransmissible resident plasmid of Rhizobium meliloti. AB - A resident plasmid of wild-type strains of Rhizobium meliloti of 59.6 megadaltons has been shown to be transferred at a high frequency to "cured" strains of this bacterial species. This plasmid, named pEZ1, that confers phage-sensitivity to cells carrying it is also transmissible to Escherichia coli and from it to "cured" R. meliloti strains. PMID- 6988673 TI - Specific stimulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis in E. coli by a protein factor. AB - Ribosomal RNA synthesis in a purified system is stimulated by a crude protein fraction prepared from E. coli. The positive effector which is not associated with RNA polymerase, nor is the sigma factor, increases the initiation frequency on rRNA operon. The additional rRNA synthesis in inhibited by ppGpp to the same extent as the basal one. The evidence presented points to the existence of a positive control element for rRNA synthesis, which activity depends upon the physiological state of the cell. PMID- 6988676 TI - The use of mitochondrial mutants in the isolation of hybrids involving industrial yeast strains. AB - Methods for the isolation of hybrids in which one or both of the parental strains are industrial yeasts, using mitochondrial mutations as markers for the selection and isolation of the hybrids, are described. The systems used included crosses of industrial strains with auxotrophic laboratory strains which also carried a mitochondrial antibiotic resistance mutation, crosses using an auxotrophic laboratory strain and a petite mutant of an industrial strain carrying a rescuable antibiotic resistance mutation, and crosses using a petite mutant of an industrial strain, carrying a rescuable mitochondrial mutation for antibiotic resistance and a respiratory-competent industrial strain which carried some other marker. PMID- 6988675 TI - Glycolytic enzymes and intermediates in carbon catabolite repression mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Glycolytic parameters were determined in recessive yeast mutants with partial defects in carbon catabolite repression. Specific activities of pyruvate kinase and pyruvate decarboxylase in glucose grown cells of all mutant and wild type strains were 4--5 times higher than in ethanol grown cells. Mutants of gene HEX1 had a reduced hexose phosphorylating activity on all media whereas those of gene HEX2 had elevated levels but only in glucose grown cells. Mutants of gene CAT80 were normal in this respect. All other glycolytic enzymes were normal in all mutants. This was also true for glycolytic intermediates. Only hex1-mutants showed a reduced fermentation of repressing sugars. The three genes appear to be involved in catabolite repression of several but not of all repressible enzymes. Even though all three types of mutants show a limited overlap in their effects on certain enzymes, they still are distinctly different in their action spectra. Carbon catabolite repression apparently does not depend on the sole accumulation of glycolytic intermediates. The activity of the products of the three genes HEX1, HEX2 and CAT80 are required directly or indirectly for triggering carbon catabolite repression. Even a small segment of carbon catabolite repression is controlled by several genes with regulatory functions indicating that the entire regulatory circuit is highly complex. PMID- 6988677 TI - Medicaid surveillance system keeps close watch on MD payments. PMID- 6988678 TI - Michigan's Doctor Ochberg advising standby hostage team. PMID- 6988679 TI - Doctor Stack dropping out of public life, into private emphasis on infant mental health. PMID- 6988680 TI - [Biodestruction of natural and artificial compounds by bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas]. PMID- 6988682 TI - [Ultrastructural analysis of a disorder of intracellular homeostasis in dysentery]. PMID- 6988681 TI - [Taxonomic and ecological and physiological characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus]. PMID- 6988683 TI - [Interaction of entomopathogenic viruses with cultured mammalian cells]. PMID- 6988684 TI - [Sensitivity of Salmonella strains to rifampicin and gentamycin and the synergic action of these antibiotics on Salmonella typhimurium]. PMID- 6988685 TI - [Sensitivity to antibacterial preparations of the causative agents of intestinal infections in Transcarpathia. II. Shigella and enteropathogenic Escherichia]. PMID- 6988686 TI - The long term effectiveness of workshops in curriulum planning and design for teaching staff in Indonesian medical schools. AB - A programme of basic curriculum change was concurrently introduced into ten Indonesian faculties of medicine which constitute an established system of medical schools with 260 separate academic departments. The programme was based on a 2-week workshop in curriculum planning and a series of follow-up activities. Within a 3-year period almost three quarters of the academic departments involved have defined a more selective curriculum based on sets of instructional (i.e. behavioural) objectives, and are involved in its implementation. This paper describes the methods used to bring about these developments and the attempts which were made to develop a structure within each medical school which would localize and ensure continuity of the changes set in motion. Because of the context from which conclusions have been drawn they have direct significance for large scale educational change in systems of medical schools in developing countries. The conclusions are however also applicable to changes in medical education in developed countries. PMID- 6988687 TI - Electroresuscitation and the occult. PMID- 6988688 TI - [Propafenone--a new generation anti-arrhythmia agent]. PMID- 6988689 TI - Daunorubicin (Cerubidine). PMID- 6988690 TI - Scoliosis and kyphosis, review and current concepts. PMID- 6988691 TI - Vascular injuries. Part 2: Technics for vascular surgery. PMID- 6988692 TI - Electrophoresis and electrofocusing on polyacrylamide gel in the study of native macromolecules. PMID- 6988693 TI - The measles virus. AB - Measles is one of widely spread virus infections that is a major cause of deaths in some tropical areas. The measles virus is a member of the genus of Morbillivirus of the family of Paramyxoviridae. The virions contain six polypeptides, including one glycoprotein; two of them are surface proteins that possess hemagglutinating and hemolytic activities, one of them is polymerase. Replication of the measles virus is similar to that of other Paramyxoviruses. Besides the acute infection for measles virus a persistent infection is characteristic that affects central nervous system and inner organs. Molecular mechanisms of it were studied and the results are discussed to explain the pathogenesis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases in which measles or measles-like virus may be involved. PMID- 6988696 TI - Brain and thymus gangliosides: their molecular diversity and its biological implications and a dynamic annular model for their function in cell surface membranes. PMID- 6988695 TI - Ligandin: an adventure in liverland. AB - Ligandin is an abundant soluble protein which has a t 1/2 of 2--3 days, is induced by many drugs and chemicals, and is stabilized in the absence of thyroid hormone. The protein is strategically concentrated in cells associated with transport and detoxification of many endogenous ligands, such as bilirubin, and exogenous ligands, such as drugs and chemicals. The protein is a dimer in rat liver. Whether the dimer is a primary gene product or at least two genes are involved is not known. The protein has broad, low affinity catalytic activity as a GSH-S-transferase for many ligands having electrophilic groups and hydrophobic domains. It catalyzes formation of GSH conjugates, non-covalently binds some ligands prior to their biotransformation or excretion in bile, and covalently binds other ligands, such as activated carcinogens. Recent studies include the possible role of ligandin in chemical carcinogenesis, diagnosis of inflammatory and neoplastic disease of the liver and kidney, and participation in intracellular transport. Although some of the roles that have been outlined are speculative, any single function is important. The GSH-S-transferases are primitive enzymes and non-specific binding proteins but "it is precisely their simplistic design that allows such protean serviceability". Ligandin illustrates a group of hepatic disposal mechanisms which involve bulk transport of ligands. Although specific uptake and transport mechanisms have been described for several hormones which enter the hepatocyte in small quantities and regulate intermediary metabolism and, possibly, cell maturation, bulk transport of ligands into, through and out of the liver involves mechanisms which accomodate many metabolites, drugs and chemicals of diverse structure. The liver is bathed in sewage which contains what we ingest or are injected with and potentially toxic products of intestinal microorganisms. The chemical formulas of the many substances which are metabolized by the liver provide a horror show of potentially reactive and toxic metabolites, mutagens and carcinogens. Despite this alimentary "Love Canal", we and our livers do remarkably well. These hepatic disposal mechanisms, as exemplified by ligandin, evolved in ancient times. They are present, albeit sluggishly, in insects and ancient elasmobranchs. Hepatic uptake and removal mechanisms of high capacity, modest affinity and broad substrate range permit us to live in what has probably always been a threatening world. PMID- 6988698 TI - [Coeliac disease: clinical and pathogenic aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Coeliac disease is a permanent food intolerance with a genetic basis which persists throughout the whole life. Ingestion of gluten proteins (wheat, rye, barley, oats) causes atrophy of the jejunal villi and, as a consequence, malabsorption. Diagnosis can only be proved by three consecutive intestinal biopsies; initially on normal diet, after 12--18 months of gluten-free diet, and after a final challenge with gluten-containing food. Biochemical changes have been discussed for a long time to be of primary importance in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease. Recently, however, evidence is increasing that immunological mechanisms are primary factors in the development of the disease. A synopsis of biochemical and immunological phenomena and of membrane receptor alterations of enterocytes and immunocytes which are genetically based is more likely to answer the question of pathogenesis than any single theory. Therapeutically, life-long gluten-free diet is necessary. In some cases, after a long course the prognosis is limited by the increased incidence of malignancy. PMID- 6988697 TI - Analysis of normal and mutant forms of human adenosine deaminase - a review. AB - A deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase is associated with an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease in man. The molecular forms of the normal human enzyme have now been well characterized in an effort to better understand the nature of the enzyme defect in affected patients. In some human tissues adenosine deaminase exists predominantly as a small molecular form while in other tissues a large form composed of adenosine deaminase (small form) and an adenosine deaminase-binding protein predominates. The small form of the enzyme purified to homogeneity by antibody affinity chromatography is a monomer of native molecular weight of 37,600. The adenosine deaminase-binding protein, purified by adenosine deaminase affinity chromatography, appears to be a dimer of native molecular weight 213,000 and contains carbohydrate. Based on direct binding measurements, chemical cross-linking studies and sedimentation equilibrium analyses, small form adenosine deaminase has been shown to combine with purified binding protein in a molar ratio of 2:1 respectively to produce the large form adenosine deaminase. Reduced, but widely ranging levels of adenosine deaminating activity, have been reported in various tissues of adenosine deaminase deficient patients. Further, the characteristics of this residual enzyme activity have been analyzed immunochemically to substantiate genetic heterogeneity in this disorder. While many types of immunodeficiency are currently recognized in man, in most cases the molecular defect is unknown. The discovery of a deficiency of the enzyme, adenosine deaminase, ADA, (EC 3.5.4.4), in some patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease represented an early clue to the pathogenesis of immune dysfunction at the molecular level 1-4. Affected patients with markedly reduced levels of ADA exhibit a defect of both cellular and humoral immunity characterized clinically by severe recurrent infections with a fatal outcome if untreated. Attempts to elucidate the nature of the genetic mutation(s) leading to the reduction of ADA activity in these immunodeficient patients have been complicated in part by an incomplete understanding of the nature of ADA in normal tissues. In this review we will consider the structural characteristics of the normal and mutant forms of ADA as they are currently understood. PMID- 6988699 TI - [Concept of reliable laboratory test procedures (author's transl)]. AB - Considering the multitude of tests in clinical chemistry and hematology, their low diagnositc sensitivity and specifity, and the low incidence of the diseases in a non selected population it is not possible presently to recommend a general screening procedure based on the definition of the reference, the methodological reproducibility and the diagnostic information of a test procedure it is possible to calculate the number of requests necessary to get any desired number of pathological results. "Tell me how many pathological results you want and I'll tell you how many requests you need". In order to get an optimal diagnostic information for clinical chemistry and hematological tests, it is necessary to increase the prevalence by proper selection of the patients and then to order test procedures specific for the suspected disease. PMID- 6988700 TI - [Cardiorespirographic studies in prematures with apnea and bradycardia during spontaneous breathing and CPAP-therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Cardiorespirographic studies were performed in 11 prematures with episodes of apnea and bradycardia (gestational age: x = 31 weeks, birth weight: x = 1390g). Total registration time was 90 h; 45 h during spontaneous breathing, 45 h during CPAP-treatment. Episodes of bradycardia occured three times more frequently than apnea. The frequency of apnea and bradycardia, the duration of bradycardia and the deceleration area were significantly reduced during CPAP-therapy, whilst the duration of apnea was not influenced. Estimation of deceleration areas as compared to measurements of bradycardia duration offers no further clinical advantage. Respiratory monitoring by impedance has to be supplemental or even replaced by beat-to-beat heart rate monitoring. Cardiorespirography allows assessment of frequency and degree of pathophysiological changes in heart rate and breathing patterns and should be supplemented by transcutaneous oxygen measurements. PMID- 6988701 TI - [Regional service for dialysis and kidney-transplantation in children (author's transl)]. AB - Children with renal failure should be treated in specialized pediatric centres. In October 1977 we initiated a pediatric dialysis unit at the university of Essen, as there were no special facilities for this area (Ruhr). In 18 months 24 children with end-stage renal failure and 15 children with acute renal failure or severe poisoning had to be treated. We performed 2300 hemodialyses and 400 peritonealdialyses; 12 children got a transplant. The pediatric dialysis unit of Essen has all facilities for treatment of children with acute and chronic renal failure. The documented results were possible by cooperation with all specialists of our hospital and with the neighbouring pediatric dialysis centres. PMID- 6988702 TI - [Breast milk and artificial nutrition of infants (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative review of the various properties of human breast milk and cows' milk is presented. The advantages of breast feeding are emphasized. The recommendations of the ESPGAN and other international organizations for the formulation of artificial feeds are discussed. PMID- 6988703 TI - [Food intolerance]. PMID- 6988704 TI - Inducibility of somatic colour and white spots in the mammalian spot test. AB - F1 embryos of the C57BL/6JHan x T-Stock were exposed to utero to 5, 10, 15 and 45 mg/kg b.w. of cyclophosphamide (CP) s.c. on the 10th day of pregnancy. 3-5 weeks post-partum the offspring were examined for the appearance of recessive coat colour mosaics and white midventral spots (WMVS). The frequencies of the coloured spots were 0.93 and 2.59% at 5- and 10-mg/kg doses of CP, resp. These frequencies were dose-dependent, but the difference between the doses was not significant. No coloured spots were obtained with CP at 15 and 45 mg/kg. The frequencies of WMVS were much higher than those of coloured spots (1.40, 6.03 and 51.16%, resp.). The differences were highly significant. The reduction in the number of offspring compared with the raio of the offspring/female of the control (control = 100%) were 16.16, 22.72, 72.48 and 100% at the different doses of CP (5, 10, 15 and 45 mg/kg b.w.). PMID- 6988705 TI - Mutagenesis by photoaffinity labeling using selected azidofluorenes. AB - Several 2-azidofluorenes have been synthesized for use as photoaffinity labels inside bacteria. In the dark they were not mutagenic for any Salmonella typhimurium tested. When photolyzed inside the bacteria, all were mutagenic for strain TA1538 to varying degrees, and were considerably less mutagenic in the corresponding repair positive TA1978. None were mutagenic for strain TA1535 or TA1537, although most compounds were toxic for those strains when photolyzed. PMID- 6988706 TI - Biochemical analysis of damage induced in yeast by formaldehyde. AB - Cross-links between DNA and proteins were induced by formaldehyde treatment in yeast cells. This damage can be repaired by post-treatment incubation of cells or protoplasts in nutrient medium. This repair was observed for wild-type cells as well as for a UV-sensitive, excision-deficient mutant (rad1-3), also sensitive to the lethal effect of formaldehyde. PMID- 6988707 TI - Genetic analysis of gamma-ray mutagenesis in yeast. III. Double-mutant strains. AB - Comparisons between the 60Co gamma-ray survival curves of diploid strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are homozygous for two non-allelic radiation sensitive mutations and the corresponding single-mutant diploids suggest that there are two main types of repair of ionizing radiation damage in this organism. The first, which is defined by the rad52 epistasis group, depends on the activities of the RAD50 through RAD57 genes and is responsible for repairing the larger amount of lethal damage. Previous work [22] shows that this type of repair is essentially error-free. The second, defined by the rad6 epistasis group, depends on the activities of the RAD6, RAD9, RAD18, REV1 and REV3 genes and repairs a smaller, though still substantial, amount of lethal damage. It is also responsible for induced mutagenesis [22, 23]. Data for survival and mutation induction after irradiation in air and partial anoxia show that oxygen-dependent damage can be repaired by either of these two pathways. They also show similar oxygen-enhancement ratios for survival and mutagenesis. PMID- 6988694 TI - Fibronectin: a review of its structure and biological activity. PMID- 6988708 TI - The genetic toxicology of nitrogen and sulphur mustard. PMID- 6988709 TI - The genital mycoplasmas (first of two parts). PMID- 6988711 TI - Rebound after withdrawal of nitroprusside. PMID- 6988710 TI - Rebound after withdrawal of nitroprusside. PMID- 6988712 TI - The genital mycoplasmas (second of two parts). PMID- 6988713 TI - Double-blind comparison of the nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity of gentamicin and tobramycin. AB - Two hundred fifty-eight patients with suspected sepsis were treated with tobramycin or gentamicin in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. One hundred forty-six patients received nine or more doses, had serial determinations of serum creatinine, and were evaluated for nephrotoxicity; 91 were able to cooperate with audiometry and were evaluated for auditory toxicity. Auditory toxicity developed in five of 47 (10 per cent) given gentamicin and five of 44 (11 per cent) given tobramycin. Nephrotoxicity developed in 19 of 72 (26 per cent) given gentamicin and nine of 74 (12 per cent) given tobramycin (P less than 0.025). The severity of the nephrotoxicity was not different; the mean increase in creatinine was 1.3 mg per 100 ml (114.9 mumol per liter) in both groups. Both the tobramycin and gentamicin groups had a similar mean age, initial serum creatinine level, total dose, serum aminoglycoside level, and duration of therapy. We conclude that tobramycin causes nephrotoxicity less frequently than does gentamicin. PMID- 6988715 TI - Occasional notes. A near miss--Osler's early description of Cushing's syndrome with, regrettably, no post-mortem examination. PMID- 6988714 TI - Therapeutic applications of angiography (first of two parts). PMID- 6988716 TI - Therapeutic applications of angiography (second of two parts). PMID- 6988717 TI - Drug therapy: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (first of two parts). PMID- 6988718 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 20-1980. PMID- 6988719 TI - Unstable angina: a lethal gun with an invisible trigger. PMID- 6988720 TI - Membranous glomerulonephritis in renal allograts. PMID- 6988722 TI - Membranous glomerulonephritis in renal allografts. PMID- 6988721 TI - Membranous glomerulonephritis in renal allografts. PMID- 6988723 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (second of two parts). PMID- 6988725 TI - Insulin-like stimulation of glucose oxidation in rat adipocytes by vanadyl (IV) ions. PMID- 6988724 TI - More heart transplants--dial-a-doctor--parliamentary report--Dr. Franz Ingelfinger. PMID- 6988726 TI - Autoregulation in rats with transplanted supernumerary kidneys. AB - Autoregulation of mammalian renal function is implicit in the fact that a few hours after removal of one kidney the activity of the intact nephrons in the other kidney suddenly increases, both in glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. There follows a slower but easily measured increase in renal mass compensatory hypertrophy in each residual nephron. That response to a reduction of nephrons has been well studied, but the adaptation of normal renal function to additional nephrons could not be tested until microsurgical techniques made it possible to transplant one or two additional kidneys into normal rats. We report here sequential measurements of the total renal function of rats with three and four kidneys. Our results indicate that autoregulation maintains total renal function at normal levels in spite of a doubling in the number of nephrons and apparent renal mass. PMID- 6988727 TI - [Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in newborn infants caused by allo-antibodies]. PMID- 6988728 TI - Drug-induced liver injury. PMID- 6988730 TI - [A compact table computer (data tablet digitizer) system for calculation of target points in stereotactic neurosurgery (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a compact computed calculator system which allows a fast and secure destination of the target point during stereotaxic operations. PMID- 6988729 TI - [Cranioplasty after extensive decompressive craniotomy with displacement of the cerebral hemisphere. CA analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Cosmetic aspects and protection of the brain from mechanical injuries are the most common indications for the repair of traumatic and operative cranial defects. We suggest two additional indications: Cranioplasty is not only important in the treatment of space-occupying fluid cysts, but also in preventing or overcoming hemisphere collapse with its resultant displacement of the midline structures. This complication was almost exclusively found in patients subjected to extensive lateral craniotomies and also led to psycho-organic syndromes with disturbances of mood and drive. In few cases a crippling hemiparesis and epileptiform fits were also present. The recovery of the patients was almost complete after the repair of the cranial defect. Clinical improvement was due to restitution of physiological intracranial pressure state and re-expansion of the cerebral hemispheres as could be shown by computer tomography. The operative procedure of auto-, homo- and heteroplastic cranioplasty is described, with particular emphasis on the new technique with acrylic plastic, developed by the authors. PMID- 6988731 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6988732 TI - Neurosurgical devices and drugs. PMID- 6988733 TI - Bibliography on the biology and pharmacology of lithium. 7. PMID- 6988734 TI - The locus coeruleus in the rat: an immunohistochemical delineation. PMID- 6988735 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a 20-year-old woman. AB - A 20-year-old woman developed ataxia, extrapyramidal movements, myoclonus, and progressive dementia. Brain biopsy disclosed status spongiosus, diagnostic of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; this is the youngest spontaneous case ever reported. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease can occur in young adulthood. PMID- 6988736 TI - [Clinico-statistical analysis of the problem of the cadaver donor in renal transplantation (clinical experience from 1945 to the present time)]. AB - The series of cadaver donors in Bologna hospitals from 1975 to today is reviewed. All possible donors were compared with those actually utilized and the reasons that led to renunciation in a large percentage of cases are analysed. The examination shows that among the factors limiting the number of donors utilized particularly important were the criteria adopted for establishment of donor suitability, family consent and the results of support therapy of the donor's vital functions. PMID- 6988737 TI - [A method of correction of macromastia with total gland removal and integration with upper pedicle skin flaps]. AB - An original method for the correction of macromastia is presented. The advantages of radical removal of the gland when this is desirable for anatomical, pathological and clinical reasons are combined with cosmetic benefits, since breast protuberance is regained by the use of upper pedicle skin flaps obtained by de-epithelialisation of the skin that previously covered the gland. PMID- 6988739 TI - Mycotic iliac haemorrhage after removal of an infected renal allografts. AB - A case is presented in which after removal of an infected renal allograft because of rejection, mycotic bleeding from the iliac artery could not be treated by ligature of the artery in view of the resulting ischaemia ofthe leg as demonstrated by a trial occlusion. A successful solution to this problem is presented in which a 'gradual ligature' of the iliac artery was brought about using a slow compression instrument. The indications, technique and results in this case of mycotic iliac haemorrhage after transplantectomy are described. PMID- 6988738 TI - Pott's disease before Pott. AB - Pott's disease, i.e. caries of the spine with gibbosity, psoas abscesses and palsy, has been known since antiquity, its relation with tuberculosis suspected, as is seen in the Hippocratic writings. In the 18th century cases were studied in France and England; in the Netherlands by Hovius, Camper, Bonn and Coopmans. The most lucid descriptions however were those of SIR PERCIVALL POTT (1779). An annotated Dutch translation by DU PUI (1779) called attention to the treatment of this disease which was on the increase. In retrospect the eponym 'Pott's disease' seems well deserved. PMID- 6988740 TI - [Treatment of microcarcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 6988741 TI - [Histological control of the reliability of the intrauterine aspirator for obtaining cytological specimens]. PMID- 6988742 TI - [The phase contrast microscope. Cyto-hormonal evaluation of normal pregnancy at term and of prolonged and high-risk pregnancy]. PMID- 6988743 TI - Fifty years of the same thing. PMID- 6988744 TI - Important accomplishments in dentistry, 1930-1980: a personal appraisal. PMID- 6988745 TI - Dentistry's enlarging role. PMID- 6988746 TI - Anti-hypertensive drugs in the pregnant patient. PMID- 6988747 TI - Plasma insulin and glucagon responses to isoglycemic stimulation in normal pregnancy and post partum. AB - In order to investigate the responses of insulin and glucagon to the same glycemic stimulus in late normal pregnancy and post partum, appropriate quantities of glucose were infused intravenously in 7 normal women at both stages. In this manner similar glucose curves were obtained in the 2 conditions. The insulin response to glucose infusion was increased 3.8 times in late pregnancy, whereas the suppression of glucagon was similar in late pregnancy and post partum. The results confirm that the beta-cell sensitivity to a glycemic stimulus is substantially increased in normal late pregnancy, but the alpha-cell sensitivity to a glycemic stimulus is unaffected by pregnancy. PMID- 6988748 TI - Short- versus long-course prophylactic antibiotic treatment in Cesarean section patients. AB - A prospective randomized clinical trial was performed to test the effectiveness of long and short courses of antibiotic prophylaxis in avoiding morbidity after cesarean section. Eighty internally monitored laboring patients who required cesarean section were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatment groups: 1) a control group (31 patients) of those receiving no prophylactic antibiotics, 2) a short-course group (24 patients) of those receiving 24 hours of cephalosporin prophylaxis, and 3) a long-course group (25 patients) of those receiving 5 days of cephalosporin prophylaxis. Evaluation of postpartum outcome was based on the development of endometritis and /or wound infection and on the fever index. Based on the findings of no significant differences between the 3 treatment groups for 11 potential risk factors for postpartum morbidity, randomization was judged to have been successful. A significant decrease in the rate of endometritis and/or wound infection was seen in both the short- and long-course prophylactic groups as compared to the control group (29%, 20%, and 65%, respectively). There were no significant differences in postpartum morbidity between the short- and long course prophylactic groups. Based on fever index data and individual case evaluations, there was no evidence that antibiotic prophylaxis increased the chance of more severe infection. PMID- 6988749 TI - Sex steroid receptors in gynecologic cancer. AB - Steroid hormone receptors provide the means by which estrogen and progesterone influence their target tissues. Receptor assays have proved clinically useful in the management of breast cancer, and current research indicates they may be valuable in managing some gynecologic neoplasms. This is a review of the current and potential importance of receptors in gynecologic oncology. PMID- 6988750 TI - Siphon suction for vitrectomy. AB - An intravenous container placed below the level of the surgical field can provide a gentle, safe level of suction (+/- 76 mm Hg). This is particularly useful in performing a delicate open-sky anterior vitrectomy. PMID- 6988751 TI - Relaxing incision for control of postoperative astigmatism following keratoplasty. AB - A new technique has been presented which provides a second surgical approach to correct excessive residual astigmatism following keratoplasty. The relaxing incision procedure has advantages over wedge resection in that it can be performed at the slit lamp, it gives no initial overcorrection, and it has a much shorter postoperative course while giving rapid results without suturing. Since this technique does not appear to produce significant hyperopia and may produce a tendency toward myopia, the corneal surgeon would thus have alternative techniques from which to choose, depending, in part, on the spherical component of the refraction. PMID- 6988752 TI - Iris suture fixation for the four-loop Binkhorst intraocular lens. AB - A simple and easy technique for inserting an iris fixation suture for use with a four-loop Binkhorst lens is described. The preplaced 10-0 Prolene fixation suture permits pupillary dilatation after the insertion of a four-loop Binkhorst lens and prevents inadvertent dislocation of the lens. PMID- 6988753 TI - Meniere's disease with special emphasis on epidemiology, diagnosis and prognosis. AB - Special emphasis was placed on the epidemiology, diagnosis and prognosis of Meniere's disease. The correct spelling was based on the epitaph of Dr. Prosper Meniere. The diagnostic criteria of the Meniere's Disease Research Committee of Japan were tabulated. Results of the epidemiological survey in Japan were compared with the data from various other countries. For the purpose of early diagnosis, a tentative plan for the differential diagnosis according to the initial symptom was presented. A review of the course and prognosis of the disease was discussed. PMID- 6988755 TI - [In memoriam Geza Halasz]. PMID- 6988756 TI - [Johann Palfyn (1650-1730), inventor of the obstetrical forceps. 250th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 6988754 TI - [Hungarian physicians in the Turkish Empire in the 19th century]. PMID- 6988757 TI - [A courageous popular publication]. PMID- 6988759 TI - [Dr. Arpad Selig (1880-1929)]. PMID- 6988758 TI - [The value of scientific achievement in the light of Fleming's discovery]. PMID- 6988760 TI - [Streptococcus B infection in the newborn]. PMID- 6988761 TI - [Cesare Magati (1579-1647)]. PMID- 6988762 TI - [Excerpts from the history of the Szombathely Hospital until 1946 II]. PMID- 6988763 TI - Heparin in the treatment of cerebral malaria. PMID- 6988764 TI - The history of the Intractable Pain Society of Great Britain and Ireland. PMID- 6988765 TI - A survey of current phantom limb pain treatment in the United States. AB - A survey of phantom limb pain treatment methods currently used by Veterans Administration hospitals, medical schools, pain clinics, and pain specialists in the United States was carried out to determine which treatments are in use, their success rates as estimated by their users, and experience with unsuccessful treatment methods used by patients prior to referral to the respondent. The combined results of a recent literature search and this survey identified 68 treatment methods of which 50 were commented upon by the survey respondents as being in current use. Only a few treatment methods were even moderately successful when subjected to the criterion of low failure rates after one year. Non-surgical treatment methods were far more successful than surgical ones. A possible treatment regime based on optimizing moderately successful methods is proposed for further study. PMID- 6988766 TI - Changes in the membrane microviscosity of mouse red blood cells infected with Plasmodium berghei detected using n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acid fluorescent probes. AB - A set of n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acids (n = 2, 6, 9, 12, 16) have been used as fluorescent probes to examine the lipid environment at different depths in the outer membrane of normal mouse erythrocytes and red blood cells from Plasmodium berghei-infected blood. Fluorescent polarization experiments with normal mouse erythrocytes have demonstrated a typical gradient in microviscosity from the surface to the centre of the bilayer as a consequence of the motional properties of the C-atoms of the phospholipid acyl chains. The fluorescent probes rotate faster in the membrane of purified pluriparasitized cells (greater than 90% purity) than with the remaining fraction of red blood cells from infected blood (20--40% immature, infected red cells, and uninfected red cells), or normal mouse erythrocytes. This increase in fluidity with heavily infected cells occurs predominantly at the centre of the lipid bilayer, rather than at the membrane surface. A comparison of the polarization values of intact and lysed infected cells indicates that the fluorescent fatty acids preferentially label the plasma membrane rather than the internal membranes of infected cells. The results suggest that P. berghei infection causes a change in the composition and/or organization of the outer membrane of pluriparasitized cells which produces a decrease in membrane microviscosity. PMID- 6988767 TI - Invertebrate immunity. PMID- 6988768 TI - [Mechanical effects of obesity on lung function (author's transl)]. AB - Spirometry, blood gases, steady state diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxyde, ductance for carbon monoxyde were determined in 27 obeses. In 13 of them we also measured closing volume. In 80 per cent of these patients we observed a decrease in expiratory reserve volume certainly due to a shift on the right of the chest wall volume-pressure curve. In 50% of the obeses we found an arterial hypoxia, usually observed when the expiratory level was lower than closing volume. Finally in 20% of the subjects we observed a decrease in diffusing lung capacity and/or ductances probably due to an important fall in and expiratory level at the closing volume level with impairment of the distribution of ventilation. PMID- 6988769 TI - The respective roles of gallium 67 citrate scanning and diagnostic ultrasound in detecting suppurations in renal allograft recipients. AB - The authors report their experiments relative to the advantage of using gallium 67 scanning in the diagnosis of suppurative lesions in renal allograft recipients. Nineteen cases suggesting abscess were analyzed. In 7 cases in which abnormal isotope uptake was noted, a suppuration was detected in the area where the gallium 67 had accumulated. In 2 cases, the abnormal image corresponded to the location of a healing drained abscess, and, in 1 case of pathological uptake at the level of the graft, it was determined that the cause was chronic rejection without suppurative lesion. In 9 cases in which no abnormal focus of uptake was noted, the symptomatology suggesting abscess was eventually attributed to nonsuppurative causes (rejection, urinary fistula, etc.). It is concluded that gallium 67 scanning is a useful means of detecting suppurations in immunodepressed patients undergoing treatment with steroids which prevent the usual signs of suppuration from appearing. Generally, it can be said that diagnostic ultrasound, performed with respect to the area of abnormal gallium 67 uptake, permits optimum determination of the possibilities of an abscess existing. PMID- 6988771 TI - A new view of human cholesterolemia. AB - As the inflows in the cholesterol system by absorption and synthesis are known, laws governing the cholesterolemia of rats in dynamic equilibria have recently been deduced. The method of analysis used for rats was applied in this theoretical work to data obtained by various authors with normal men. Because the sum of the inflows are only furnished, the method cannot be developed completely. Nevertheless it appears that the laws should be common to rats and humans. According to this hypothesis, the major deduction is that the dynamics of plasma cholesterol is assured by a process whose parameter is a linear function of the synthesis flow. Consequently the concentration of cholesterol of the synthesis source is as lower as the synthesis flow higher. The turnover of alimentary cholesterol in the plasma follows that of synthesized cholesterol. Hence an increase of the synthesis flow also causes a decrease in the concentration of cholesterol from the alimentary source. Simultaneously however this latter concentration is proportional to the absorption flow of alimentary cholesterol. Application of the analysis method to data obtained from patients with various disorders suggests that their cholesterol-system is intrinsically the same as that of normal men. But it could not be shown whether the values of two constants involved in the parameter equation are modified or not. PMID- 6988770 TI - [Pathological patterns of reperfused myocardial infarction. Experimental study (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of the reperfusion on the pathological appearance of experimental myocardial infarction has been studied in the rat (87 animals). Following permanent ischemia (33 animals sacrified after 1, 6, 24 and 48 hours), there appeared a reproducible extended transversal infarction marked by a uniform sequence of histologic, histoenzymatic and ultrastructural changes. Following temporary ischemia (54 animals), the pathological patterns were marked by myofibrillar degeneration (contraction band necrosis), cellular edema, calcium deposits and interstitial hemorrhages. These changes appeared after reperfusion of short duration (10 minutes). Sarcolemmal and capillary permeability alterations could be the main factor involved in the reperfusion injury. Similar tissue damage have been found in clinical conditions in subendocardial hemorrhagic necrosis after cardiopulmonary by-pass, and in reperfused infarction. PMID- 6988773 TI - [A computerized medical record for the follow-up of hypertensive patients (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a computer system for hypertension control in a specialized department in Paris. The hypertension clinic performs the initial evaluation of the disease in ambulatory care or during a short hospitalization period. The general practitioner (GP) is mainly in charge of the long term follow-up. The objective of the system is to improve the communication between the patient, the clinic and the GP. Data are collected during each visit at the clinic. The computer is used to produce evolutive summary reports for each patient and to control the appointment system. Thus, the data processing system improves the quality of the individual follow-up and, at the same time, a medical data bank is available for epidemiological and pharmacovigilance studies. PMID- 6988774 TI - [Lipoprotein lipase. Interest in clinical biochemistry (author's transl)]. AB - Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an enzyme which hydrolyses triglycerides especially VLDL and chylomicrons triglycerides. The measurement of LPL can be of interest in clinical biochemistry. There is no LPL in blood circulation, but it is possible to release it by heparin intravenous injection. However, heparin releases also other enzymes, particularly hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL). It is then post heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) which is determined. It is possible to measure separately LPL and HTGL, by using antibodies or inhibitors so chosen to be specific to one or the other enzyme. The main variations of LPL and HTGL in various diseases or treatments at present known are reported. LPL has also been recently involved in atherosclerosis pathogeny. PMID- 6988772 TI - [Radioisotopic study of the nasal muco-ciliary clearance (author's transl)]. AB - The authors propose a method for the investigation of the muco-ciliary function of the nasal mucosa: they record the motion of radioactive particles, which are put by sonic nebulisation on nasal mucosa. The average speed is calculated by means of the analysis of sequential images and by the study of the variation of activity in relation to time in several main zones. A half-clearing time of the initial activity is also measured. The average speed is 8.33 mm/minute for normal persons and 2.36 mm/minute for a group of patients. This simple, accurate, non aggressive method is used for pharmacodynamic tests. PMID- 6988775 TI - [Recent data on the pathophysiology of acute tubular nephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988776 TI - [Qualitative analysis by thin layer chromatography of carbohydrates in serum, urines and faeces (author's transl)]. AB - A simple and rapid procedure for identification of carbohydrates in serum, urines and faeces is described. A chromatographic separation on silicagel plates is used, followed by a polychromatic visualization of spots, which can allowed a semi-quantitative evaluation of isolated carbohydrates. PMID- 6988777 TI - [Cholecystokinin and the control of hunger]. PMID- 6988778 TI - [Quantitative study of the faecal flora in adult and baby artifically fed from birth (author's transl)]. AB - The faecal flora of 33 adults and 14 babies (artificially fed from birth) were determined. The faecal flora were most different. The primary anaerobic flora (prevalent Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium) in adults was 99 p. cent from total flora; it was in babies (prevalent Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides) 50 at 60 p. cent from total flora. The primary aerobic flora (E. coli and Enterococcus) was 10 to 20 times more numerous in babies than in adults. Therefore the secondary flora was very distinct. By babies we are noting the great diversity of Enterobacteriaceae species, the great frequency (57 p. cent of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 p. cent in adult), the important occurrence (21 p. cent) of aeromonas (0 in adults), the constancy of staphylococci (51 p. cent in adults), but the rarity of bacilli, yeast and fungi. The faecal flora of adults was specific and stable. PMID- 6988779 TI - [Detection of platelet autoantibodies. Comparison of an antiglobulin consumption assay with a radioactive direct Coombs test (author's transl)]. AB - 131 patients (124 with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) have been investigated for platelet autoantibodies with an antiglobulin consumption assay (ACA) and a direct Coombs test (DCT) using 125I-antiglobulin. The two assays have been simultaneously performed on 165 platelet-suspensions. The results of ACA (expressed as normal or abnormal amounts of platelet bound IgG or PBlgG) and those of DCT (expressed as positive or negative) were concordant in 128 out of 165 cases (77.6 per cent). In 37 of 165 cases (22.4 per cent) the DCT was negative while PBgG was found to be slightly elevated with ACA. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.44) between PBlgG levels and radioactivity index calculated in DCT. The relationship between these data was graphically expressed as a curve constructed on semilog paper meaning that PBlgG levels corresponding to high radioactivity index were more uncertain than those corresponding to lower index. The quantitative expression of DCT would be improved by refering the results to a standard curve and not only to normal platelets. In the case, results of DCT would be probably equivalent to those of ACA. PMID- 6988780 TI - [Histopathological observations of experimental hematogenous infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of intravenous injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice was studied in various conditions : dose of bacteria injected (2.5 X 10(6) to 4.5 X 10(7)) , moment of necropsy (one hour to 4 months after infection), number of injections (one, two and eight). Gross and microscopic examinations of tissues included kidney, lung, spleen and liver. The frequency, the type and the time of appearance of the lesions depend upon the dose of organisms, upon the individual susceptibility of the mouse and upon the number of injections. Abscesses preferentially localised in kidneys appeared in mice that received only one injection of bacteria. They were visible to the naked eye as soon as two days after inoculation with a large dose. Granulomatous inflammatory reaction was observed in the different tissues, however it was predominantly seen in the kidney and in animals that received several injections. In the liver and the spleen hyperplasia and hypertrophy of lymphoid, myeloid, megacaryocytic and mononuclear phagocytic cells were observed. This model of experimental pyelonephritis due to P. aeruginosa seems to us useful to study the factors promoting localisation and multiplication of this organism in a tissue. PMID- 6988781 TI - [Evolution of serum lipids during the first hours of an acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - The evolution of serum lipids is investigated in 26 patients admitted in a coronary care unit less than 9 hours after the onset of an acute myocardial infarction. Blood samplings are made every 3 hours until the 15th hour after the onset of the infarction. The decrease of total serum lipids concentration is significant of the 9th hour (3rd hour : 8,45 +/- 0,58 g/l ; 9th hour : 7,74 +/- 0,36 g/l) ; that of triglycerides, at the 6th hour (3rd hour : 1,33 +/- 0,17 g/l ; 6th hour : 1,18 +/- 0,21 g/l) ; that of cholesterol is more delayed, at the 9th hour (3rd hour : 2,98 +/- 0,18 g/l) ; 9th hour : 2,83 +/- 0,11 g/l). The proportion of alphalipoproteins increases, that of prebetalipoproteins decreases, that of betalipoproteins remains unchanged. There is no difference between the patients who received heparin and those who did not. Total lipids and triglycerides concentrations are lower in the group of patients with complications than in the group without complications. PMID- 6988783 TI - [Biochemical characterization of Haemophilus strains with a standardized micromethod (author's transl)]. AB - Using a standardized micromethod, the authors aimed at the study of biochemical characterization of 51 Haemophilus strains (influenzae and parainfluenzae). The statistical analysis of the results allowed them to definite a theoretical average outline corresponding to three groups of bacteria :-- group of Haemophilus influenzae, -- group of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, -- group of different Haemophilus. The authors propose some modifications in order to make this identification specifically applicable to diagnose species and biotypes of genus Haemophilus. PMID- 6988784 TI - [Methodology and effectiveness of genetic counseling]. PMID- 6988782 TI - [Vitamin A and cancer (author's transl)]. AB - During the past decade, an increasing number of publications have been dealing with the experimental and clinical activity of vitamin A on epithelial neoplasms. Many studies suggest that vitamin A and its analogs may be able to interfere with chemical carcinogenesis and to modify favorably the immune status of tumor bearers by mechanisms incompletely known. The use of vitamin A and of its analogs have been shown to enhance the effects of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of epithelial cancer, possibly because they appear to destabilize lysosomal membranes and contribute to maintenance of the differenciated state in epithelial tissues. The potential role of such substances in preventing neoplastic transformation deserves further study. PMID- 6988785 TI - A randomized controlled trial of prenatal nutritional supplementation in New York City. AB - This randomized controlled trial of nutritional supplementation in pregnancy, in a poor black urban population in the United States, aimed to increase the birth weight and influence the postnatal development of the offspring of mothers at high risk of having low birth weight infants. The execution of the research design and adherence to the treatment regimen among the experimental population appeared adequate for a reasonable test of the treatments. At birth, the only significant favorable effect of supplementation observed was the prevention of depressed birth weight among the offspring of mothers who smoked heavily. With balanced protein-calorie supplementation, length of gestation was increased, the proportion of low-birth-weight infants reduced, and mean birth weight raised by 41 gm (not statistically significant). With high protein supplementation, there was an excess of very early premature births and associated neonatal deaths, and there was significant growth retardation up to 37 weeks of gestation. At 1 year of age, significant effects of high protein supplement were found on three psychological measures: visual habituation, visual dishabituation, and mean length of free play episodes. These measures were unrelated to measures of growth at birth and at 1 year of age. There were no detectable residual adverse effects of high protein supplementation at 1 year of age. PMID- 6988786 TI - New concepts in phototherapy: photoisomerization of bilirubin IX alpha and potential toxic effects of light. AB - New information is summarized, indicating that configurational photoisomerization of bilirubin at the 5 and 15 carbon bridges is the major mechanism of bilirubin photocatabolism in vivo, and that singlet oxygen photooxidation plays only a minor role. The literature is reviewed concerning potentially damaging photodynamic reactions that are observed in vitro with vitamins, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and their possible relationships to the limited number of toxic side-effects that have been detected with clinical phototherapy of neonatal jaundice. Secondary toxic effects, mediated by bilirubin photoderivatives or by retina-neuroendocrine pathways are also considered. Areas requiring further investigations are delineated. PMID- 6988787 TI - Effect of the pediatrician on the mother-infant relationship. AB - Child development literature suggests a relationship between mother-child interaction and enhanced infant development. We conducted a randomized clinical trial to determine if a pediatrician's guidance improves the mother-infant relationship and the infant's development. Thirty-two normal mothers and their healthy first-born infants were followed by one pediatrician at 2, 4, 8, 15, and 21 weeks of age. These dyads were randomly assigned to a control group, who received customary care, or to an intervention group, who also received guidance based on the infant's developmental status at each age. Just prior to a 27-week visit, the mother-infant relationship was assessed by a person blind to group assignment. Infant development was assessed with the Bayley Mental Scales of Infant Development and two of the Uzguris-Hunt Ordinal Scales. Intervention group mothers were rated significantly higher on sensitivity, cooperation, appropriateness of interaction, and appropriateness of play (P less than .05). Experimental infants were advanced on the Vocal Imitation ordinal scale. This study shows the effectiveness of this intervention on both the mother-infant relationship and infant development and supports pediatric involvement in this biosocial approach to well child care. PMID- 6988789 TI - Prenatal nutritional supplementation. PMID- 6988790 TI - Insulin receptors in cystic fibrosis: increased receptor number and altered affinity. AB - Patients with cystic fibrosis are known to have pancreatic disorganization with associated pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Endocrine hormonal secretion is also affected but diminution in insulin secretion is rarely accompanied by overt diabetes. We studied seven patients with cystic fibrosis to determine their carbohydrate tolerance and the status of peripheral monocyte insulin receptors. Oral glucose tolerance tests showed the presence of mild hyperglycemia and diminished insulin secretion. Mean insulin receptor sites per cell were markedly increased above controls, 25,000 vs 13,100 sites per cell while receptor affinity was diminished. The increase in receptor number could be a consequence of the insulinopenia and/or the decreased body weight of the patients and serve as a compensatory mechanism maintaining a degree of relative insulin sensitivity. Ultimate carbohydrate tolerance may be a function of the patient's ability to maintain increased receptor numbers in the face of hypoinsulinemia and impaired receptor affinity. PMID- 6988788 TI - A randomized controlled trial of prenatal nutritional supplementation. PMID- 6988791 TI - Survival of a Scottish female infant weighing 24 ounces on her seventh day of life and the value of feeding her wine--as reported in 1848. PMID- 6988792 TI - Nasal CPAP and work of breathing study questioned. PMID- 6988793 TI - Early history of heart surgery. PMID- 6988794 TI - New directions in Rorschach research: I. The process-reactive differentiation. AB - Research has demonstrated that psychiatric diagnoses bear no relationship to certain important psychological variables, e.g., broad personality characteristics or even such clinically important issues as aetiology or prognosis (Frank, 1975). From that research, one dimension emerged which did yield information regarding aetiology and prognosis, viz., the process-reactive differentiation. As it seems important to examine this differentiation from a personological point of view, this review focused on the Rorschach performance of process and reactive schizophrenics. Essentially, the Rorschach studies suggest that process schizophrenics manifest more serious psychopathology cognitively than do reactives. Suggestions for further research were made. PMID- 6988795 TI - Physiological anxiety responses in transcendental meditators and nonmeditators. AB - In Exp. I, the spontaneous GSR of seven Transcendental Meditators and seven nonmeditators was measured in a sequence of five conditions: stress (shock avoidance)--rest--meditation (meditators) or rest/eyes closed (nonmeditators)- stress (shock avoidance)--rest. In Exp. II, the spontaneous GSR of a similar group of subjects was measured in a sequence of three conditions: rest- meditation or rest/eyes closed--rest. Analysis of variance did not yield significant differences between meditators and nonmeditators although analysis did verify that the shock-avoidance task effectively produced anxiety. It was concluded that Transcendental Meditation is not an effective means of reducing autonomic responses to stress under the present testing conditions. PMID- 6988796 TI - Psychology of the scientist: XLI. continuous noise can degrade performance when using badly designed equipment: a case history. AB - An acclaimed important discovery was made in the early 1950s that noise degrades the performance of certain manual tasks directly, by a mechanism other than the masking of sounds. It now appears that this is not so. The unravelling of the mystery is described, together with some of the repercussions and implications. PMID- 6988798 TI - Arctic nutrition. PMID- 6988797 TI - A perspective of infection and infectious disease. PMID- 6988799 TI - [Screening for stomach cancer--experiences with an immunological method]. PMID- 6988800 TI - [Dens invaginatus]. PMID- 6988801 TI - [Epidemiology and prophylaxis of malaria in France (author's transl)]. AB - A study of 100 cases of malaria in France, 98 of which were imported, shows the strong predominance (83%) of Plasmodium falciparum and of contamination in Africa (86%). The reasons why malaria is rare among tourists returning from Asia are given. The risk of re-introduction of the disease into France seems to be slight, especially for P. falciparum. Chemoprophylaxis is easy when aminoquinolines can be recommended, but much more complicated otherwise, the reasons for failure being the lack of effect of other drugs on pre-erythrocytic forms, resistance to chemotherapy and lack of information or carelessness. PMID- 6988802 TI - [Variations of the renin aldosterone system in Cushing's disease (author's transl)]. AB - The renin aldosterone system was studied in 5 cases of Cushing's disease (bilateral benign hyperplasia) without medication. For a daily sodium intake of 120 mmol plasma angiotensinogen was abnormally increased, plasma renin activity (PRA) remained normal, but without significant diurnal variation. Plasma aldosterone (PA) was normal and its circadian rhythm was maintained. One hour active orthostatism and low sodium diet (20 mmol of sodium during 4 days) induced a normal PRA increase but an insufficient PA response. Positive significant correlations were found between PRA and PA and between plasma angiotensinogen and plasma cortisol. The mechanisms underlying this functional hypoaldosteronism were discussed. PMID- 6988803 TI - [Plasma renin, aldosterone, and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in hypertensive patients over 70 years of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988804 TI - [Interaction between the platelets and the vessel wall. Part 3: Investigation]. AB - Numerous techniques are now suggested for the investigation of interactions between the platelets and the vessel wall. These techniques offer the possibility of precise diagnosis of the majority of haemorrhagic diseases of primary haemostasis. A critical study nevertheless shows that few tests of haemostasis are of use in defining a state predisposing to thrombosis and amongst others, biological study of the vessel remains very limited. PMID- 6988805 TI - [Effects of oral contraceptives on the vascular wall (author's transl)]. AB - The vascular complications of oral contraceptive treatment affect both arteries and veins, and vessels of all calibres in the systemic, pulmonary and portal circulations may be involved. In most cases thrombophlebitis develops under the combined influence of drug-induced blood changes and alterations in the vascular wall. Thickening of the connective and muscular fibers of the intima is commonly found, either isolated or associated with proliferation of the endothelium and/or thickening of the tunica media. These lesions are unrelated to those of atherosclerosis. Systematic investigations being impossible, the true incidence and extent of vascular wall alterations are necessarily under-estimated. The physiopathology of these non-specific lesions is unknown, but synthetic oestrogens seem to be mainly responsible for their occurence. Oestrogens might act on the vascular wall either directly or through changes in blood composition. Such lesions unquestionably have clinical repercussions. PMID- 6988807 TI - Associate degree nursing programs accredited by the National League for Nursing, 1980. PMID- 6988808 TI - But my heart belongs to me. PMID- 6988806 TI - [Andre Meyer (1903-1979)]. PMID- 6988809 TI - [Metabolic disorders in chronic pulmonary heart disease]. PMID- 6988810 TI - [Effect of lipopolysaccharide of E. coli 08 (Kroeger) on the development of immunologic response in guinea pigs immunized with live and dead BCG vaccine]. PMID- 6988811 TI - [Active nonspecific immunotherapy combined with surgical treatment of lung carcinoma]. PMID- 6988812 TI - [In memoriam: Prof. Benjamin Jochweds (21 Oct. 1898-17 Jan. 1978)]. PMID- 6988813 TI - [Thiazide diuretics and calcium-phosphate metabolism]. PMID- 6988815 TI - [Case of acute renal failure in malignant malaria]. PMID- 6988814 TI - [Isolation of Gaffkya tetragen from the specimens obtained from patients treated in the District Affiliated Hospital in Plock during the years 1974--1978]. PMID- 6988816 TI - [Multicenter controlled clinical trial in the treatment of peptic ulcer with cimetidine]. PMID- 6988817 TI - [Breast cancer risk factors and their pathogenetic significance]. PMID- 6988818 TI - [Prof. Jan Glatzel - on the 25th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 6988819 TI - [Possibility of decreasing adverse effects of cytostatic drugs]. PMID- 6988820 TI - [Blood serum alpha 1-antitrypsin activity and pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 6988822 TI - [Causes and treatment of prolactinemia]. PMID- 6988821 TI - [Cholesterol transport by low-density lipoproteins and the problem of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6988823 TI - [Early insulin response following intravenous glucose loading in acromegaly]. PMID- 6988824 TI - [Systemic infection caused by Gram-negative encapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae in children]. PMID- 6988825 TI - Propranolol in the treatment of migraine. PMID- 6988826 TI - Calcium pantothenate in arthritic conditions. A report from the General Practitioner Research Group. PMID- 6988827 TI - Observation and theory: some reflections occasioned by reading Nansen's 'Farthest North'. PMID- 6988828 TI - [Arterial hypoxia in patients with lung diseases with normal lung function tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988829 TI - [Professor Eric Martin]. PMID- 6988830 TI - [In memoriam Zoia Alekseevna Chaplygina]. PMID- 6988831 TI - [I. S. Nikolaev (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6988832 TI - Maternal nutrition and the outcome of pregnancy--a critical appraisal. PMID- 6988833 TI - Food and foetus and neonate. AB - Although intra-uterine growth can be monitored effectively and postnatal size can be accurately measured, it is still difficult to differentiate between undergrown and small normal infants. Biochemical measurements are of little help, but arm anthropometry looks promising. Infants who are undergrown have certain physiological handicaps in the neonatal period, such as impaired nutrient absorption and increased resting metabolism, which add to their nutritional difficulties. More studies on the physiological differences between undergrown and normal infants may help to improve the precision with which they may be distinguished. PMID- 6988834 TI - Protein synthesis and breakdown in muscle and kidney of diabetic and insulin treated rats. PMID- 6988835 TI - Size at birth and growth in the first year of life of babies who are overweight and underweight at birth. PMID- 6988837 TI - Insulin secreting ability in relation to fatness in cattle. PMID- 6988836 TI - Protein synthesis: are there real species differences? PMID- 6988838 TI - Comparative amino acid requirements. PMID- 6988840 TI - [Detection of micro-macromolecular interactions within pharmaceutical hydrogels by measuring the vapor pressure]. PMID- 6988839 TI - Nitrogen exchanges in the rumen. PMID- 6988841 TI - Mutation induction by and mutational interaction between monochromatic wavelength radiations in the near-ultraviolet and visible ranges. PMID- 6988842 TI - Action spectrum for growth delay induced by near-ultraviolet light in E. coli B/r K. PMID- 6988844 TI - Ralph W. Gerard (1900-1974). PMID- 6988843 TI - In memoriam. Alan Chadburn Burton (1904-1979). PMID- 6988845 TI - Symposium on capillary permeability and mechanism of transport, American Physiological Society, New Orleans, 1979. A salute to Professor Hyman S. Mayerson. PMID- 6988846 TI - Professor H. S. Mayerson, Ph. D. - the man. PMID- 6988847 TI - Dr. Mayerson, the scientist. PMID- 6988848 TI - A chance to reminisce. PMID- 6988851 TI - Phototoxicity in Heracleum sphondylium. PMID- 6988850 TI - The limits on science. PMID- 6988849 TI - Stretched pores, blast injury, and neurohemodynamic pulmonary edema. PMID- 6988852 TI - Plants and plant products that induce contact dermatitis. PMID- 6988853 TI - Induced osteogenesis for repair and construction in the craniofacial region. AB - Solid and powdered forms of undemineralized and demineralized bone grafts were implanted in rat cranial defects. Demineralized calvarial discs healed the defects as well as did the fresh discs, as judged by histology and 45Ca incorporation. Gross and histologic evaluations demonstrated predictable endochondrial osteogenesis by demineralized bone powder (DBP). Undemineralized grafts, in contrast, showed poor and unpredictable bony healing. Construction of facial bones was achieved by implantation of demineralized bone powder within the soft tissues. The phenomenon of induced osteogenesis by demineralized implants was not species specific. These studies of osseous transformation provide insight into the mechanism of, and possible answers to, the problems of osseous transplantation. PMID- 6988854 TI - Improvements in craniofacial reconstruction: methods evolved in 235 consecutive patients. AB - Quality evaluation following craniofacial operative procedures is largely aesthetic and almost impossible to measure. Relapse rates are measurable, and morbidity and mortality can be determined. In our series, infections have decreased from 12.5 to 1.3 percent; operating times have been reduced from a mean of 7 1/2 to 4 hours; and blood loss has been reduced from 86 to 56 percent of the total blood volume. Methods we feel are largely responsible for these improvements are (1) maintaining separation of cranial from oronasal cavities, (2) modification of osteotomies around the orbits, (3) infant surgery and extensive use of craniectomy bone, (4) frequent use of onlay bone grafts, (5) a variety of lesser technical refinements, (6) antibiotic use and anesthetic modifications, and (7) consistent team organization. No deaths or blindness have occurred in any patients in the entire series. PMID- 6988856 TI - Iginio Tansini and the origin of the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. PMID- 6988855 TI - The oblong parallelogram-shaped "Schwenklappen"-plasty. AB - An attempt is made to analyze the general criteria for the Schwenklappen-plasty and to make them accessible to practical application. The preferred basic form is the oblong parallelogram, which allows an exact assessment of the new tension situation that arises as a result of the defect closure and the amount of the skin reserve needed. Schwenklappen designed in the shape of oblong parallelograms generally distribute the arising tension equally to the farther surroundings of the defect. Therefore, they require a smaller skin supply in the area adjacent to the defect than do rhomboid Schwenklappen. The approaches necessary to make optimal use of the available skin reserves are described. They relate especially to the position of a defect in relation to the relaxed skin tension lines and to the adjustment of a Schwenklappen-plasty to the maximal skin available. Also discussed are the geometry and mechanics of planimetric Schwenklappen, stereometric local flaps, and the covering of circular defects by oblong Schwenklappen. PMID- 6988857 TI - Hypospadias repair with subcutaneous suture and tissue adhesive for surface closure. PMID- 6988858 TI - [Clinical evaluation of sulpiride]. PMID- 6988859 TI - [Complications in the central nervous system during lithium therapy]. PMID- 6988860 TI - [Various clinical syndromes in literature]. PMID- 6988862 TI - [Prof. Henri Ey (1900-1977)]. PMID- 6988861 TI - [Dr. Halina Sulkowska-Sawicka (1914-1979)]. PMID- 6988864 TI - Psychopharmacology--a recurring bibliography. PMID- 6988863 TI - Planning and evaluation of community mental health programs. PMID- 6988866 TI - The new myelographic agent and its spin-off. PMID- 6988868 TI - James Brackett Conlon, M.D. 1919-1979. PMID- 6988865 TI - Two types of interphase death of lymphocytes exposed to temperatures of 37--45 degrees C. PMID- 6988867 TI - Dedication (William Frederick Sample). PMID- 6988869 TI - Joseph J. Litschgi, M.D., F.A.C.R. 1882-1979. PMID- 6988870 TI - [Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 6988871 TI - [Polish medical and pharmacy students in Kaunas (1940-1944)]. PMID- 6988873 TI - [Contribution to the problem of help to the prisoners of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp]. PMID- 6988874 TI - [Juvenile prisoners in Gross-Rosen]. PMID- 6988876 TI - [Underground activities of the nurses and nurses' aides in occupied Warsaw]. PMID- 6988872 TI - [Health service under Nazi occupation in Silesia]. PMID- 6988875 TI - [From the history of the underground health service in Warsaw (1939-1944)]. PMID- 6988877 TI - [Prof. Wladyslaw Szumowski in Sachsenhausen]. PMID- 6988878 TI - [First victims of the Nazi occupants in Cracow Podgorze]. PMID- 6988879 TI - [Execution of Dr. Czeslaw Zapedowski in Rzuchow Woods]. PMID- 6988880 TI - [Outline of the health service organization in Lublin during the Nazi occupation]. PMID- 6988881 TI - [Polish hospital-in-exile in Aix-les-Bains]. PMID- 6988883 TI - [Evacuation from the Auschwitz branch camp Jaworzno]. PMID- 6988882 TI - [The SS and Police Institute of Hygiene in Auschwitz]. PMID- 6988885 TI - [The last days in the hospital of the Leitmeritz camp]. PMID- 6988884 TI - [In Auschwitz after liberation]. PMID- 6988886 TI - [Dr. Jan Buzek]. PMID- 6988887 TI - [Dr. Stefan Pokrzewinski]. PMID- 6988888 TI - [Dr. Zofia Franio]. PMID- 6988890 TI - [Dr. Czeslaw Lutynski]. PMID- 6988889 TI - [Prof. Janina Kowalczykowa]. PMID- 6988891 TI - [Activities of the International Tracing Service in Arolsen]. PMID- 6988892 TI - [Medical subjects relating to Nazi occupation in Polish publications in 1979]. PMID- 6988895 TI - [Aggression and aggressiveness in Auschwitz]. PMID- 6988894 TI - [Mortality in the Brzeziny ghetto]. PMID- 6988893 TI - [Compulsory sterilization in the Opole district during 1934-1938]. PMID- 6988896 TI - [The hospital in the Buchenwald concentration camp (according to the archives records for the period of April 3, 1945 to July 20, 1945)]. PMID- 6988897 TI - [Health service of the Second Polish Corps in Monte Cassino battle]. PMID- 6988899 TI - [The insulin level in the glucose tolerance test in patients with obesity and varying carbohydrate tolerance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988898 TI - [Lipolytic processes in obese subjects with different carbohydrate tolerance as estimated by means of determination of serum IRI, GH, FFA concentrations and blood lipidmobilizing activity during exercise test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988900 TI - [Dependence between the gastrinemia and the insulinemia in children with obesity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988901 TI - [Salivary test as the index of appetite inhibition during treatment of obesity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6988902 TI - [Effect of blood transfusions on the evoluation of the renal transplant]. PMID- 6988903 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of drug therapy in man]. PMID- 6988905 TI - [Interstitial pneumopathies caused by drugs, Etiopathogenesis and therapeutic and resuscitational problems]. PMID- 6988904 TI - [The most common drugs considered harmful to the stomach, Clinical and endoscopic studies]. PMID- 6988906 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders and tissue hypoxia. Stimuli of cellular degenerations and proliferations and neoplastic promotion]. PMID- 6988908 TI - [Iron metabolism. Current aspects of iron overload]. PMID- 6988909 TI - Endocrine treatment of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6988910 TI - Tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer: experience of the SAKK (Schweizerische Arbeitsgruppe fur Klinische Krebsforschung--Swiss Cooperative Oncology Group). PMID- 6988907 TI - [Antireceptor antibodies and insulin resistance. The B type syndrome]. PMID- 6988912 TI - Simultaneous hormone- and chemotherapy, compared with hormone therapy followed by chemotherapy in the treatment of metastasising mammary carcinoma--preliminary results of a current study. AB - The preliminary results of an on-going SAKK study on metastasising mammary cancinoma are reported. At the time of writing 210 cases are already evaluable. This study seeks to investigate the question of the necessary intensity of polychemotherapy and also the problem of whether cytostatic therapy should be begun at the same time as hormonal therapy or just after failure of this measure. At present no definite answer is available. The results point to a new, possibly important aspect of the treatment of metastasising mammary carcinoma. PMID- 6988911 TI - Therapeutic effect of tamoxifen related to estrogen receptor level. AB - Cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor (ER) determinations were performed in 59 postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. Fifty percent of the patients were found to be ER+. Forty patients were treated with tamoxifen (TAM) and 19 patients were treated with tamoxifen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). The response rate of TAM-treated patients was 30% (12/40). Of the 21 ER+ patients, ten (48%) responded to therapy. The ER values of these patients were significantly higher than the ER values of nonresponders (P less than 0.01). No correlation could be found between the ER value and the duration of remission in TAM-treated patients. PMID- 6988914 TI - Adjuvant endocrine therapy of breast cancer--a controlled clinical trial of oestrogen and anti-oestrogen: preliminary results of the Copenhagen breast cancer trials. AB - In an attempt to clarify the value of adjuvant endocrine therapy as an alternative to other treatment modalities, we have started two controlled, prospective, double-blind trials, the Copenhagen Breast Cancer Trials. In these studies postmenopausal women are randomised after primary local treatment to treatment with DES, tamoxifen, or placebo. Premenopausal women are similarly randomised to receive treatment with tamoxifen or placebo. Entry to the trials was closed in March 1978, when 343 patients had entered the studies. The preliminary results indicate that postmenopausal patients with ER+ tumours benefit from adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen. Adjuvant treatment with DES seems to be effective in ER- postmenopausal patients. In postmenopausal patients the ER+ tumors have a lower rate of recurrence. At present these preliminary results do not permit definite conclusions. PMID- 6988913 TI - Therapeutic effect of tamoxifen alone versus tamoxifen in combination wtih gestagen and oestrogen in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6988915 TI - Establishment of uniformity in steroid receptor analyses used in cooperative clinical trials of breast cancer treatment. PMID- 6988917 TI - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease. PMID- 6988918 TI - Pain: introduction. PMID- 6988916 TI - Studies on mechanisms of estrogen and antiestrogen action in human breast cancer. PMID- 6988919 TI - Pain and perception: comparison of sensory decision theory and evoked potential methods. PMID- 6988920 TI - Afferent basis of nociception and pain: evidence from the characteristics of sensory receptors and their projections to the spinal dorsal horn. PMID- 6988921 TI - An endorphinergic, centrifugal substrate of pain modulation: recent findings, current concepts, and complexities. PMID- 6988922 TI - Central mechanisms of chronic pain (neuralgias and certain other neurogenic pain). AB - Almost all supratentorial intracranial lesions which may effectively control chronic pain in man are ineffective for acute pain. There are at least 10 sites at which lesions producing no somatic sensory loss have often stopped the peculiarly agonizing chronic pain of advanced cancer. They include: (a) inferior posteromedial or subcaudate (preinnominate) frontal white matter; (b) supracallosal portion of cingulum; (c) thalamotomy of centrum medianum and parafascicularis nuclei; (d) thalamotomy of linear parasagittal type separating connections between lateral specific and medial nonspecific sensory relay nuclei; (e) thalamotomy of pulvinar; (f) amygdalotomy; (g) frontothalamic tractotomy; (h) hypothalamotomy-posteromedial nuclei; (i) hypothalamotomy-periventricular nuclei; (j) hypophysectomy. It is indeed remarkable that such diversely situated lesions may many times be so successful. We understand poorly the mechanisms by which this control is often (though at times only temporarily) achieved. Hence, we are in real need of animal models to permit critical analysis. The problem of devising an ethically acceptable modus operandi is formidable. However, an ethicist who would demand that every time an experimental animal is showing some distress the experiment must be terminated, must also bear some responsibility for continuing disabling pain in hundreds of thousands of people. PMID- 6988924 TI - Cancer pain. PMID- 6988923 TI - Deafferentation and causalgia. AB - The concept of deafferentation pain has been developed as an entity distinct from somatic pain which can arise in the course of both cancerous and nonmalignant disease. Its distinctive clinical features and responses to diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations have been reviewed. Evidence is marshalled to show that it results from gradually developing alterations in the central nervous system, which, once established, persist despite removal of the original stimulus. Evidence is presented that the mesencephalic tegmentum may be part of a reticulothalamocortical system undergoing denervation hypersensitivity following deafferentation, whose stimulation by electric impulses, and, presumably, naturally occurring neural inputs, can result in a painful conscious experience reproducing the patient's pain in a manner similar to that whereby stimulation of temporal-parietal association cortex elicits recall of past events. PMID- 6988925 TI - New observations on the nociceptive pathways in the central nervous system. PMID- 6988926 TI - Defibrinogenation as an alternative to heparinization in prolonged extracorporeal circulation. AB - Complications arising from difficulty controlled bleeding and thrombus formation during procedures which require extracorporeal circulation with heparin as anticoagulant motivate the search for better hemostasis and anticoagulant technology. An enzyme (Defibrase), having a specific interaction with fibrinopeptide A such as to cause fibrin depletion in a soluble form, has been proposed as an alternative to heparin. Defibrase, in contrast to heparin, does not affect blood platelet function. Heparin and Defibrase as anticoagulants were compared in 8 h perfusion studies using arterio-venous extracorporeal blood circuits in dogs; the circuitry included pumps, membrane oxygenators and filters serially. Thrombus formation, in the filters and the oxygenators as well as pathology of the perfused animal were investigated. The results suggest that defibrase-like enzymes have potential for enhanced control of hemorrhagic and thrombotic phenomena. Although impeded by a latency of several hours before the full anticoagulant properties are developed in vivo, it appears that enzymatically mediated defibrinogenation of blood may be a valuable alternative to heparinization in extracorporeal circulation procedures. PMID- 6988927 TI - Influence of diabetes control on synthesis of protein and basement membrane collagen in isolated glomeruli of diabetic rats. AB - Diabetic rats were treated with insulin at various dosages and for various periods of time. The influence of metabolic control on the synthesis of protein and basement membrane collagen of isolated glomeruli was investigated. The protein and basement membrane collagen synthesis was increased in the untreated diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic controls. The synthesis was not affected by high doses of insulin with brief normalization of the blood sugar. Insulin treatment from the beginning of diabetes only led to a normalization of protein synthesis in moderate metabolic control. On the other hand, a rise of the basement membrane collagen synthesis could only be prevented by a strict metabolic control of the rats. The results show that basement membrane collagen synthesis reacts very sensitively to the diabetic metabolic situation. Insulin deficiency itself does not appear to be alone responsible for alterations of basement membrane synthesis in diabetes. PMID- 6988928 TI - [The extracorporeal blood glucose regulation in the pancreatectomised dog (author's transl)]. AB - An algorithm is demonstrated which runs by means of program internal decision schedules for insulin applications during the extracorporeal blood glucose regulation by the artificial endocrine pancreas. This algorithm defines clear conditions for the regulation of the insulin pump considering the actual blood glucose concentration and its speed of change. It is easy to modify and hence feasible under different conditions. PMID- 6988929 TI - The effect of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate on the recurrence of nasal polyps after ethmoidectomy. AB - The purpose of this work was to examine in a double blind study the ability of beclomethasone dipropionate to prevent recurrence of nasal polyps in patients in whom radical ethmoidectomy had been performed immediately before. It analyzes the results in terms of the patients subjective symptoms, clinical status and rhinomanometry. After the follow-up period of one year 86% of the patients in the beclomethasone group and 60% in the placebo group had no subjective nasal symptoms. In clinical examination polyps were absent in 54% in the beclomethasone group and in 13% in the placebo group. Rhinomanometrically there was normal nasal patency in 68% in the beclomethasone and in 33% in the placebo group. PMID- 6988931 TI - Cell poker: an apparatus for stress-strain measurements on living cells. PMID- 6988930 TI - [Clinic and pathophysiology of osteopathies (author's transl)]. AB - Results of this paper have shown via pathophysiological examples that rapid progress has been made in our pathophysiological concepts regarding the causal and formal genesis of osteopathy. Systematic organization of these concepts facilitates understanding and communication between the radiologist and the clinician. There is a marked contrast between this fact on the one hand and our lack of knowledge in the clear diagnostic description of osteopathies with the exception of hyperparathyroidism on the other. Important advances in current radiological research are represented by the radiologically subtle formal description of topographically relevant changes and quantitative analyses of the mineral salt content. However, at this stage we are unable to predict as to how quantification of the osseous mass will be successfully achieved in the near future. Scientific co-operation between radiologists and clinicians should be promoted and accelerated, since better on-target diagnosis is imperative, both from the viewpoint of sociomedicine and from that of epidemiology, in the case of metabolic disorders, which are essentially involved in increasing the morbidity of the entire population. PMID- 6988932 TI - High-energy phosphate compounds in human slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibres. AB - A method has been developed for separating slow- and fast-twitch fibres from the same muscle for analysis of high-energy phosphate compounds by an enzymatic fluorometric technique. Since the ATP and creatine phosphate concentrations in single muscle fibres are at pmol levels, enzymatic cycling is necessary to measure the NADPH formed in the reaction. The precision of the method has been found to be 3.3% for ATP and 2.0% for creatine phosphate. Variations in the levels of high-energy phosphate compounds were no greater between fibres of the same type than regionally within a single fibre. When slow- and fast-twitch fibres were compared there were no significant differences in the high-energy phosphate concentrations, except that in women there was significantly more creatine phosphate in slow-twitch than in fast-twitch fibres. PMID- 6988933 TI - Serum insulin response to oral glucose load during a dietary intervention trial in healthy coronary high risk men: the Oslo study. AB - The effect of an ordinary lipid-lowering diet on serum insulin response to oral glucose load was investigated in a randomized, primary preventive trial of the Oslo Study of coronary heart disease in healthy high risk middle aged men. After 3 years intervention the treated group showed a significantly lower insulin response curve, a lower serum total cholesterol, a higher cholesterol ratio (defined as the ratio between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density + very low density lipoprotein cholesterol), lower fasting triglycerides and lower relative body weight than the control group. Increased levels of serum insulin and elevated insulin response to oral glucose load has been shown in earlier studies to be associated with increased susceptibility for atherosclerotic diseases. Therefore, it might be of importance, that lipid lowering diet induce a lowering of serum insulin response in healthy, coronary prone men. As a contrast to the two high risk groups, the very low response curve of serum insulin and glucose in a group of coronary low risk men is also presented, and it is suggested that serum insulin levels should be added to the coronary prone syndrome of hyperlipidemia, obesity and physical inactivity. PMID- 6988934 TI - Various lipopolysaccharides reduce adhesion of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. AB - The interaction of LPS from Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and lipid A from S. typhimurium with adhesion of human periodontal cells on plastic surfaces has been studied. The results showed that LPS and lipid A reduced adhesion already after 5 min at concentrations from 5 to 200 microgram/ml without influencing cell viability. It could be demonstrated that LPS and lipid A interact with both the cell and the substratum surface. Lipid A from S. typhimurium was more potent than any of the LPS used. PMID- 6988935 TI - Polyps of the colon and rectum: approach to prophylaxis in colorectal cancer. PMID- 6988937 TI - Acid response to sham feeding as a test for completeness of vagotomy. AB - The reproducibility of acid responses to modified sham feeding by the chew-and spit technique (PAOsh) was investigated in 21 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients 8 to 14 days after vagotomy. Possible relationships between PAOsh and the acid response to 0.2 U of insulin per kilogram body weight were examined (PAOI) in 23 other DU patients 8 to 14 days after vagotomy. PAOsh was reproducible to a high degree (PSpearman less than 0.001, CV 2.9%), and a highly significant relationship was found between PAOsh and PAOI after vagotomy (PSp less than 0.001). PAOsh and PAOI were similar when PAOI was low, whereas a highly incomplete vagotomy according to PAOI was followed by a somewhat lower, but substantial, acid response to sham feeding. The relationship between PAOsh and PAOI permits the recommendation of modified sham feeding as a safe stimulant of acid secretion in quantitative testing of completeness of vagotomy. PMID- 6988939 TI - The effect of antacids on gastrin release. PMID- 6988936 TI - Cimetidine for severe gastroduodenal haemorrhage: a randomized controlled trial. AB - During a period of 12 months, 88 patients with severe haemorrhage from gastric or duodenal ulcers or from erosive gastritis completed a double-blind trial of either cimetidine or placebo. Only patients needing immediate blood transfusion were admitted to the trial. It was found that in patients with severe bleeding from gastric or duodenal ulcers neither the severity of bleeding nor the incidence of emergency surgery was reduced by cimetidine. Furthermore, the treatment did not improve the mortality rate. It is concluded that patients with severe bleeding from gastric or duodenal ulcers will not benefit from immediate treatment with intravenous cimetidine. PMID- 6988938 TI - Immunoglobulin-producing cells in jejunal mucosa of children with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet and after gluten challenge. AB - The jejunal Ig-producing cell populations in a group of 12 children with established coeliac disease (CD) in remission on a gluten-free diet were compared with those of a group of 10 patients in clinical relapse after gluten challenge. Quantification of the various immunocyte classes was performed by paired immunofluorescence staining in an individually defined mucosal tissue unit constituting a 6-micron-thick and 500-micron-wide block of tissue, including the mucosa at full height from the muscularis mucosae. In the treated group the percentage IgA/IgM/IgG cell ratios were, on the average, 82.6:12.9:4.5. There were no differences in these ratios or in the absolute immunocyte numbers when compared with a group of six control patients without CD. After gluten challenge the corresponding ratios were 77.2:17.2:5.6. The median cell number per mucosal tissue unit in the IgA, IgM, and IgG class was raised 2.1, 3.8 and 2.9 times, respectively. These increases were statistically significant. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between the time to clinical relapse and the number of IgG cells per tissue unit after challenge. This finding indicates that locally produced antibodies of the IgG class are especially involved in the pathogenesis of CD. PMID- 6988940 TI - The use of antacids in the treatment of peptic ulcer. PMID- 6988941 TI - Acute relief of epigastric pain by antacid in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - Thirty-six duodenal ulcer patients participated in a randomized controlled trial of the immediate effect of a liquid antacid preparation (Link) and placebo on epigastric pain. The patients recorded the effect of a total of 143 doses of antacid and 148 doses of placebo. Marked or complete relief of pain 30 min after ingestion was found after 62% of the antacid doses and after 52% of the placebo doses. The average effect of antacid was better than the effect of placebo in 21 patients, worse in 8 and equal in 7 patients. This difference in favour of antacid is statistical significant (p less than 0.05) and therefore it is concluded that antacid is more effective than placebo in relieving epigastric pain in duodenal ulcer patients, although the therapeutic gain is small. PMID- 6988943 TI - Cimetidine. A short review of effect on peptic ulcer healing and side effects. PMID- 6988942 TI - Treatment of duodenal ulcer with antacids in combination with trimipramine or cimetidine. AB - Ninetyfive patients with endoscopically verified duodenal ulcer were randomly allocated in a double blind manner to 3 different treatments. Thirtyfive patients were treated with trimipramine 25 mg nocte, 32 patients with cimetidine 400 mg nocte and 26 patients with cimetidine 200 mg 3 times a day and 400 mg nocte (standard dose). In addition all patients got intensive antacid treatment with LinkR, 20 ml 1 and 3 hours after meals. Two patients were excluded from the trial. After 6 weeks of treatment re-endoscopy revealed healed ulcer in 35 patients (86%) in the trimipramine group, in 32 patients (85%) in the group treated with low dose of cimetidine and in 26 patients (100%) in the group treated with standard dose of cimetidine. The differences in healing rate were not significant. The time until complete relief of pain was significantly longer in the trimipramine group than in the cimetidine groups. The drugs were well tolerated but constipation was reported by 31% of the patients. PMID- 6988944 TI - Effects of E2 prostaglandins on gastric secretion and gastrointestinal mucosa. PMID- 6988945 TI - Prophylaxis with doxycycline (Vibramycin) in colorectal surgery. AB - A prospective randomized double-blind study comprising 118 patients was performed to evaluate the effects of doxycycline as a prophylactic antimicrobial in elective colonic surgery. Fifty-eight patients were treated and 60 were controls. 200 mg of active substance or placebo was given 4-6 hours before operation and 100 mg daily for the next five postoperative days. Levels of doxycycline in serum and tissues were determined and related to the MIC-values of the contaminants. A significantly lower incidence of abdominal wound sepsis, intra-abdominal complications and septicaemia was found in the doxycycline group (12.4%) compared to the controls (45%). The positive effects were most pronounced in the non contaminated cases, and especially in the cases with negative wound culture at operation. In order to evaluate the effect of prophylaxis in clinical routine an open study comprising 182 patients was carried out. In the group of patients receiving adequate prophylaxis (159 patients) the abdominal wound sepsis rate was 8.1%. 11 other patients who had received doxycycline preoperatively for some time because of intra-abdominal infection developed wound sepsis in 63.4%. In 12 patients where incomplete or no prophylaxis was given, the wound sepsis rate was 33.2%. The frequency of abdominal septic complications did not differ between non contaminated, 10.9%, and contaminated operations, 13.8%, partly because of the topical application of ampicillin in some of the patients belonging to the latter category. Preoperative treatment with doxycycline because of some intra-abdominal was evidently the single risk factor associated with a high septic complication rate. No adverse ecological effects were seen during the 19 months study. PMID- 6988947 TI - Tinidazole and doxycycline compared to doxycycline alone as prophylactic antimicrobial agents in elective colorectal surgery. AB - Forty-two patients admitted for elective colorectal surgery were given tinidazole and doxycycline or doxycycline alone as prophylactic antimicrobials in a double blind study. There was altogether one abdominal wound infection (2.4%), and one patient developed a perineal fistula three months after the operation. No significant difference in postoperative infections between the two groups could be demonstrated. It is concluded that doxycycline seems effective in reducing wound sepsis after operations on the large intestine and that additional administration of tinidazole will yield little in prophylaxis. PMID- 6988948 TI - Combined tinidazole and doxycycline prophylaxis in colorectal surgery. An interhospital trial. AB - There were no significant differences between randomized groups on either preoperative tinidazole or placebo added to pre-, per, and postoperative doxycycline. Cases of anaerobic infection among the placebos patients as well as a general trend of the parameters studied suggest that tinidazole gives added protection, i.e. that antibiotic prophylaxis should also comprise anaerobic microbes. PMID- 6988949 TI - Tinidazole and doxycycline as antimicrobials in elective colorectal surgery. A randomized multicentre trial. AB - A prospective randomized study on the effect of doxycycline alone, tinidazole alone and the two antimicrobials in two different combinations as prophylactic antimicrobials on elective colorectal surgery is presented (Table II). The number of patients included in the study was 265. Of the four different treatment groups, the one which consisted of a single preoperative dose of tinidazole 2 g and doxycycline 200 mg, seemed to give the most favourable result. In this treatment group (n = 70), wound sepsis was recorded in 7.2% and perineal sepsis in 34.8% of the cases. Only one serious, but non-fatal intra-abdominal complication (1.4%) was observed in this group. The trial did not include a placebo group. PMID- 6988946 TI - The value of the prophylactic use of doxycycline and tinidazole in elective colorectal surgery. AB - The present study was undertaken in order to compare the effect of different antimicrobial regimens on the incidence of postoperative wound infections after elective colorectal surgery. The series consists of 84 patients, randomized in the following three groups: Group I was treated with bacitracin/neomycin tablets during the 3 days immediately prior to operation. Group II received doxycycline 200 mg orally 12-18 hours preoperatively and 200 mg intravenously during the subsequent 4 days. Group III is identical with group II, but in addition, 2 grams of tinidazole were given orally as a single dose 12-18 hours preoperatively. The ordinary preoperative treatment with low residue diet and bowel cleansing was the same for all groups. The wound infection rate was 37% (10 patients) in group I, 18.2% (6 patients) in group II, and 8.3% (2 patients) in group III. No serious side effects were observed in any of the groups. PMID- 6988950 TI - Combined tinidazole and doxycycline short term chemotherapeutic prophylaxis in gastro-intestinal surgery. AB - Infectious complications following gastro-intestinal surgery can be reduced with properly administered antimicrobial agents. One single preoperative dose of doxycyline (200 mg) and tinidazole (2 g) gave a highly significant reduction of infectious complications in a controlled clinical study of 307 patients undergoing elective gastro-intestinal surgery. PMID- 6988952 TI - Splenectomy and serious infections. PMID- 6988951 TI - On the effect on antimicrobial use and postoperative hospital stay of prophylactic treatment with doxycycline in colorectal surgery. AB - The effects of prophylactic treatment with doxycycline on additional antimicrobial use and on postoperative hospital stay in elective colorectal surgery were evaluated in a prospective and randomized study, where the incidence of abdominal sepsis was significantly reduced from 45% in the control to 12.1% in the doxycycline group. Results from a subsequent comprehensive series, where prophylaxis was used routinely in elective intestinal surgery are also reported. With prophylaxis the average number of postoperative days decreased with 7 days (p less than 0.01). In cases with abdominal sepsis this difference was more prominent. With prophylactic treatment it prolonged hospital stay with 7 days compared to 22 days without. Without prophylactic treatment 65% of the patients received antimicrobial treatment during the postoperative course, whereas less than 20% among the treated patients did so. The period of exposure to antimicrobials was longer in patients in the control group than among patients receiving prophylaxis. Thus prophylaxis significantly reduced the rate of abdominal sepsis, the time of and the need for postoperative nursing, the total use of and time of exposure to antimicrobials. Furthermore, microbiological disturbances have not been observed during four years of extensive use of doxycycline. PMID- 6988953 TI - In vitro lymphocyte reactivity to rubella antigen following vaccination. AB - In vitro lymphocyte stimulation and several serological tests were used to study the development of immunity after subcutaneous immunization with attenuated rubella virus. Maximal lymphocyte reactivity was obtained 3--4 months after vaccination and a decline after 1.5--2.5 years. Lymphocyte reactivity following natural immunity was of a higher magnitude. No correlation between the degree of lymphocyte stimulation and titers of neutralizing, hemagglutination inhibiting and hemolysis-in-gel antibodies was observed. The influence on the results of some methodological factors and different rubella antigens is discussed. PMID- 6988954 TI - Antibacterial activity of cefuroxime in human bone. AB - Bone samples were taken at orthopaedic surgery from 12 patients, who had been treated with 2 doses of 750 mg cefuroxime by intravenous infusion. After grinding, extraction and assay by the agar diffusion method the levels of cefuroxime ranged between 0.4--1.9 micrograms/g bone. Using an electrophoretic method followed by microbiological assay, higher levels of cefuroxime were measured, possibly because of a diminution in the binding capacity of the bone. PMID- 6988955 TI - Effect of methotrexate on phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human granulocytes. AB - The effect of methotrexate on the phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus by granulocytes from healthy blood donors was investigated in vitro. A concentration of methotrexate of 2.2 x 10(-4) mol/1 (100 micrograms/ml), which is readily obtained on high dose intravenous administration did not decrease the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staph. aureus. In addition, granulocytes isolated from patients after termination of 6 h and 24 h high-dose methotrexate infusions showed normal phagocytic activity. PMID- 6988957 TI - [Loss of 2 kidney grafts due to recurrence of type II membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis]. AB - Recurrent glomerulonephritis after renal transplantation is seen in a very high percentage of patients with dense "deposit" disease (= membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis type II). However, loss of graft due to recurrence is rare; only 4 cases have been reported. Two additional pediatric patients are described. Both had recurrent dense "deposit" disease with extracapillary proliferation and crescent formation. In one of them, a quiet initial phase of 20 months was followed by an extremely rapid progression of the disease leading to loss of graft function within 3 weeks. PMID- 6988958 TI - [Recurrent diffuse peritonitis in chronic urinary tract infection. Case report]. AB - The authors report on a 42-year-old patient who had to undergo surgery twice in one year for acute, diffuse peritonitis. It is suggested that the peritonitis was due to a chronic urinary tract infection following the successful operative correction of a posttraumatic urethral stricture. PMID- 6988956 TI - [Kidney and urinary tract complications in tumor patients]. AB - This review deals with renal and urinary tract complications in tumor patients. Neoplastic infiltration of the kidney and glomerular nephropathies in neoplastic diseases are discussed. Tumor obstruction of the urinary tract and renal disease due to tumor metabolites are important, potentially reversible complications. Radiation nephritis and drug-induced renal disease can often be avoided with the aid of precautionary measures. Urogenital infections in tumor patients are frequent and often due to atypical microorganisms. Guidelines for dosage modifications of antineoplastic agents in patients with renal insufficiency are summarized. Renal failure in tumor patients deserves a careful diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The potential renal and urinary tract toxicities of the different therapeutic modalities must be considered when planning therapy for cancer patients. PMID- 6988959 TI - [Intermittent mandatory ventilation in the treatment of the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome of newborns]. AB - Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) is a combination of CPAP and IPPV. In the newborn period it offers the following advantages compared to IPPV alone: weaning is faster, independent control of respiration is maintained and the effect on cardiac venous return is minimized. 36 patients with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome treated by IMV were compared with 18 patients ventilated with IPPV: IMV reduced the total time on the respirator by more than 50%. Exposure to increased FIO2 and hospital stay were markedly shortened, and the incidence of complications was decreased. Intermittent mandatory ventilation represents an optimal method for stress-free and safe ventilation of newborn infants. PMID- 6988960 TI - [Tribute to Prof. Eric Martin]. PMID- 6988961 TI - [Liver vein obstruction. Clinical aspects and diagnosis of the Budd-Chiari syndrome]. AB - In recent years we have observed 9 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome. The diagnostic, etiological and therapeutic aspects of this rare hepatic vein disease are discussed. 3 patients had a neoplasm, and 1 female had polycythemia; she had been on oral contraceptives. 1 patient had osteomyelosclerosis. 4 females exhibited thrombosis of the hepatic veins; 2 of them had been on oral contraceptives. Liver scan has proven to be an adequate method for follow-up studies in demonstrating the hypertrophied caudate lobe. Very rarely, the small and medium-sized hepatic veins are involved, most often after ingestion of certain plant toxins. This syndrome is termed the Stuart-Bras syndrome or "veno-occlusive disease". PMID- 6988962 TI - [Is Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for tropical malaria, resistant to fansidar?]. AB - A world-wide increase of malaria infections is observed. Malaria is imported into Switzerland mainly by tourists and recently by refugees from South East Asia. The strains of P. falciparum resistant to treatment are of increasing importance. A patient with P. falciparum infection from Cambodia is reported, who suffered from three episodes of malaria recrudescence within ten weeks, in spite of adequate therapy with quinine and Fansidar. The definition, the significance and the geographical distribution of resistances and the possible cause for a P. falciparum recrudescence are discussed. For the treatment of repeating recrudescence quinine and Fansidar are recommended, followed by a suppressive Fansidar prophylaxy for 4--8 weeks. PMID- 6988963 TI - Mapping and characterization of the hisD-unlinked nif mutants in Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Two hisD-unlinked genes NifC5 and NifC7 are mapped in the chromosome of K. pneumoniae. The sequence of NifC5 and NifC7 is suggested as NifC5--gltB--NifC7- argG. The P1 infected E. coli lysate can transduce the mutant C-7 to be Nif+ transductant, yet fails to transduce the hisD-linked nif mutants to be Nif+ ones. This indicates that the gene encoding C-7 is not the structural gene of nitrogen fixation and is present in E. coli. It is actually a gene specifying the glutamate synthetase. SDS electrophoresis shows the marked low content of nitrogen reductase and immunoelectrophoretic test reveals the reduced amount of both nitrogenase and nitrogen reductase in the mutant cells. PMID- 6988964 TI - Interactions of heavy metals with bacteria. AB - The toxicity of heavy metals to bacteria, with particular reference to metal forms and species, has been reviewed. Factors which influence metal forms and thus their potential toxicity, such as pH, chelation and competitive interactions have been discussed. The mechanisms whereby bacteria may influence the forms of heavy metals to which they are exposed have been discussed with reference to the importance of the role of bacteria in immobilisation and environmental cycling of metals. Bacterial resistance to metal toxicity is an environmentally important phenomenon. It may occur from non-specific mechanisms, such as impermeability of the cell, or it may be due to specific resistance transfer factors. The coincidence and co-selection of resistance factors for antibiotics and heavy metals in bacterial populations and the clinical implications of this have been described. PMID- 6988965 TI - And God said to Oral: build a hospital. PMID- 6988966 TI - Dialysis after nearly a decade. PMID- 6988967 TI - Hybridomas: a potent new biotechnology. PMID- 6988968 TI - Fungal arthritis. V. Cryptococcal and histoplasmal arthritis. PMID- 6988970 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of shock. PMID- 6988971 TI - Dial access: a history of the Southern Medical Association's newest contribution to continuing medical education. PMID- 6988969 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis. PMID- 6988972 TI - Southern medicine in the Civil War. PMID- 6988973 TI - Fungal infection of the brain: an increasing threat. AB - A 79-year-old, diabetic man with an ear infection had a temporal lobe abscess from which Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured. He died despite treatment with amphotericin and rifampin, removal of the abscesss, and left mastoidectomy. Because of the ever-increasing number of elderly debilitated patients, the frequency of mild diabetes in the aged, the prevalent use of steroids, antibiotics, cytotoxics and immunosuppressives, and the ubiquity of the organism, Aspergillus infections of the brain have and will become more frequent. PMID- 6988975 TI - [Brief survey of the development of social hygiene in the GDR]. PMID- 6988976 TI - [A. M. Gor'kii All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine and its importance for the organization of medical science in the USSR]. PMID- 6988974 TI - Unique angiographic demonstration of tracheal-innominate artery fistula. PMID- 6988977 TI - [Methodology and the methods of teaching the history of medicine]. PMID- 6988978 TI - [Medical service for the miners and metallurgists of the Donbass in the years of the 1st Five-Year Plan (on the 50th anniversary of the 1st Five-Year Plan)]. PMID- 6988980 TI - [Revolutionary and literary activities of Dr. D. D. Bekariukov]. PMID- 6988979 TI - [Method of studying memoirs and epistolary works]. PMID- 6988981 TI - [A. S. Kaisarov and his dissertation on "The Liberation of the Serfs in Russia"]. PMID- 6988982 TI - [Health protection for the industrial workers in the USSR]. PMID- 6988984 TI - [Surgical treatment of scoliotic disease in children]. PMID- 6988985 TI - Platelet-bound IgG measurements in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A quantitative antiglobulin consumption technique has been used to measure antiplatelet antibody (platelet-bound IgG) in 25 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The assay confirmed the presumptive clinical diagnosis in all patients. Additional observations however, have demonstrated that if thrombocytopenic patients have platelet counts greater than 75 x 10(9)l, false-negative results may be obtained. Antiplatelet antibody levels closely mirrored the clinical progress of patients receiving therapy, but the level of antibody at the time of diagnosis was not of value in predicting the response to corticosteroid treatment. In a proportion of patients receiving corticosteroids, platelet counts returned to normal before antibody levels, implying a reduction in the sequestration of antibody-sensitized platelets within the reticulo endothelial system. Because this response was observed in proportionately more patients in whom drug therapy was successful than others, this steroid effect may in some patients be an important factor in determining the successful outcome of medical treatment. Four out of 10 patients in clinical remission had evidence of disease activity based on platelet antibody and platelet survival measurements. The pattern of results obtained demonstrates that disease activity may go unrecognized in some patients unless both measurements are performed. PMID- 6988983 TI - [Autotransfusion]. PMID- 6988986 TI - Unusual bladder stone. PMID- 6988988 TI - [Aspects of suicide]. AB - A review of relevant publications with reference to epidemiological data and their application to predictive profiles of at-risk populations regarding suicide and attempted suicide is given. It is indicated that suicide and parasuicide are to be seen as sociocultural problems with a complexity of contributing factors. Conscious and subconscious motives play a part within a psycho-existential continuum with intrapsychic, interpersonal, biological, psychological and social components. This spectrum of individualized components and the social impact of the deed present the clinician with a psychiatric emergency for which he must be adequately equipped. Management based on a team approach is delineated. PMID- 6988987 TI - Pressure-equalizing tubes and middle ear drainage. PMID- 6988991 TI - Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus as causal agents of bovine mastitis. AB - Five cases of bovine udder aspergillosis diagnosed clinically and confirmed by repeated demonstration of fungal hyphae in KOH preparations and isolation of the organism from milk sediments are described. In one case the fungus was identified as Aspergillus nidulans, in the other 4 cases as A. fumigatus. The most pronounced features in altered udders were multiple abscesses with distinctive colonies of fungal hyphae in the centres, embedded in cell detritus, neutrophils and macrophages. These purulent centres were surrounded by varying amounts of granulation tissue. Two cases revealed purulent galactophoritis suggesting an ascending infection through the lactiferous ducts. In one case no changes of the milk ducts were observed. In this case haematogenous infection of the udder cannot be excluded. PMID- 6988989 TI - Comparison of sucralfate with cimetidine in the short-term treatment of chronic peptic ulcers. PMID- 6988992 TI - Kluyveromyces fragilis as an opportunistic fungal pathogen in man. AB - An immunosuppressed cardiac transplant patient with pulmonary infection due to the yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis is described. Isolation of this fungus from human sources is rarely reported, and previous reports of human infection are unavailable in the modern literature. The organism is poorly pathogenic even in immunocompromised hosts. In vitro susceptibility studies with several strains presented here indicate inhibition by 5-fluorocytosine and miconazole, and borderline susceptibility to amphotericin B. The patient was treated with amphotericin B, and recovered without sequelae. PMID- 6988990 TI - Nocardia species from bronchopulmonary infections and mycetomas. AB - 350 specimens comprising sputum, bronchial aspirate, pleural fluid, pus and biopsy material were investigated for the presence of Nocardia spp. by the paraffin bait technique. Nocardia spp. were isolated in 15 of them. The physiological and morphological characteristics of the organisms and the use of paraffin baiting, a selective technique for isolating Nocardia spp. from clinical specimens, are discussed. PMID- 6988993 TI - The preparation of protoplasts from Aspergillus fumigatus mycelium. AB - Protoplasts have been prepared from the mycelium of Aspergillus funigatus, using a lytic enzyme mixture from Trichoderma harzianum. A variety of experimental conditions were investigated in order to achieve optimal conditions for protoplast production. Electron micrographs showed the preparations to be free of cell-wall. Material obtained by this procedure can be used as a source of cytoplasmic antigens for further analysis. PMID- 6988994 TI - Cell fusion-impaired variants of a mouse lymphocytic cell line obtained by single step selection for polyethylene glycol resistance. AB - This report describes an effective method for single-step isolation of cell line variants with reduced intercellular plasma membrane fusion ability. Variants, derived from a subline of L5178Y, were obtained by selection for growth in the presence of a toxic level of PEG 6000. These variants occurred after EMS treatment and spontaneously. Further testing revealed a pleiotropic phenotype, fusion impairment and polyethylene glycol resistance, which has been designated PgfR. Variant sublines, in serial subculture for more than 165 days on nonselective medium, retain a stable PgfR phenotype. PgfR variants have an approximate 7-fold reduction in intercellular fusion competence. PMID- 6988995 TI - Mandated celibacy in the academic arena. PMID- 6988996 TI - Mesenteric hernia. AB - Acute intestinal obstruction secondary to an idiopathic mesenteric hernia has been reviewed by collecting 139 reports from the literature and studying them from the standpoint of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and mortality. An acute intestinal obstruction with strangulation in the absence of an external hernia and with no history of previous surgical procedures must suggest the possibility of an internal hernia, especially if the patient has a history of chronic intermittent abdominal distress and a palpable abdominal mass if found on examination. PMID- 6988997 TI - Ocular coccidioidomycosis. AB - Coccidioidomycosis has been recognized as a common systemic disease since the late 1930's. The occurrence of ocular lesions associated with the systemic infection is uncommon. The anterior segment manifestations appear to be a mild hypersensitivity response; the disease may present as a chronic granulomatous iridocyclitis. In the posterior eye, the manifestations may range from asymptomatic focal chorioretinitis (somewhat similar to the peripheral atrophic lesions of the ocular histoplasmosis syndrome) to a fulminating granulomatous process involving the entire eye. The ocular lesions can occur in the asymptomatic form of systemic coccidioidomycosis. Diagnosis may be confirmed by skin tests and serologic tests. Amphotericin B is usually the drug of choice when treatment is required; however, its adverse effects may be severe, and other drugs, notably Miconazole and Ketoconazole, are being investigated as potential alternatives. PMID- 6988998 TI - Small computers in the private ophthalmic practice. Practical considerations. AB - The use of small computers in private ophthalmic practice is introduced in a manner requiring no mathematical or data processing background. What a small computer is and does, and what costs and problems should be expected with contemporary equipment are presented. Business, educational and medical applications for small computers in ophthalmic practice are described, and the need for standardizing the language and recording formats of medical data processing is emphasized. PMID- 6988999 TI - A working in-house computer system for a general ophthalmology practice. AB - The authors describe their computer system, which was designed to support all of the information needs of their office and utilize the capabilities of the computer in every aspect of the practice. The system is now intricately involved in both clerical and medical activities. Problems of implementation were alleviated by the participation of the physicians and staff in designing the portions of the system with which they would be working; thus, the system is tailored to fit the needs of each individual. PMID- 6989000 TI - A computerized tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay to detect antitumor immunity in early human cancer: a review of two years' experience. AB - A 2-year experience with a computerized in vitro assay of leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) indicated that patients with cancer of either the colorectum, stomach, pancreas, breast, or lung expressed antitumor immunity to an organ-type specific neoantigen. About 1% of the 1,299 control subjects with benign or malignant disease had a positive LAI assay and 2.5% of patients with inflammatory disease of the colorectum, stomach, pancreas, or lung had a positive LAI assay when tested against tumor extracts of the same organ. Of the 351 patients with cancer of either the colorectum (111), stomach (40), pancreas (28), lung (57), or breast (116) who harbored a microfocus of cancer, 80% or more were LAI positive. As the stage of the cancer advanced, fewer patients were LAI positive. Nine of 45 patients (20%) with colon adenomas had a positive LAI response to colon cancer antigen and 17 of 204 patients (8%) with benign breast disease reacted to the breast cancer antigen. Our results suggested that the leukocytes of some of the LAI-positive patients with either colon adenomas or benign breast disease were responding to an organ-specific neoantigen. Whether the acquisition of a cell surface tumor antigen by the colon adenomas and the dysplastic lesions of the breast implies an irretrievable step to ultimate malignancy is unknown. Most patients exhibit a vigorous antitumor immune response when the cancer exists as a microfocus, and some even before the neoplasm has acquired the capacity to invade. PMID- 6989001 TI - Pretransplant T cell levels and renal allograft survival rates. AB - Total rosette forming cell (TRFC) levels were measured in 50 patients awaiting cadaveric renal transplantation. Preliminary data show a statistically significant difference in allograft survival in patients with low TRFC levels before transplant as compared with patients with medium or high TRFC levels. Pretransplant TRFC levels may be predictive of a nonresponder status and portend a favorable renal allograft outcome. PMID- 6989002 TI - Pyloric sphincter ablation by eccentric closure of gastroduodenotomy. PMID- 6989003 TI - Cholecystojejunocholecystostomy: a new method of biliary drainage in auxiliary liver allotransplantation. AB - A subhepatic, whole auxiliary liver allotransplant technique, previously developed in the pig, was assessed for technical feasibility in 26 human cadaver transplants. All technical aspects of the subhepatic technique were feasible, with the exception of donor to recipient gallbladder-to-gallbladder anastomosis, which could only be performed in 50% of subjects due to excessive separation of the two gallbladders. To oversome the problem, an original technique was developed--namely, the use of an isolated, vascularized, isoperistaltic loop of jejunum to act as a conduit between donor and recipient gallbladders (cholecystojejunocholecystostomy). Cholecystojejunocholecystostomy was subsequently developed and studied in a series of live porcine auxiliary allografts. The local, reginal, and general effects seen in 14 allografted pigs with cholecystojejunocholecystostomy were compared with those seen in a parallel and identical series of 14 allografts with cholecystocholecystostomy. The subhepatic transplantation technique is described in detail for the first time. Liver biopsies, blood samples, and clinical data were obtained at weekly intervals and at 28 days all survivors were killed. Cholecystojejunocholecystostomy proved to be a successful method of biliary drainage in the pig. Thirteen of the 14 interposed jejunal loops were viable and essentially normal at autopsy, leaks and naked eye stasis were infrequent, and the histological incidence of intrahepatic cholangitis and cholestasis minimal. The local, regional, and general effects were comparable in every way with those obtained with cholecystocholecystostomy. PMID- 6989004 TI - William Halsted and Rudolph Matas: their unique alliance. AB - William Halsted and Rudolph Matas were two of the most distinguished surgeons in American medicine. Although their personalities were completely opposite, they enjoyed a long and devoted friendship. This is of historical interest in that Halsted opened his nonprofessional life to a very few other men. During their relationship a fairly continuous corresponsence was maintained. This paper will examine their friendship through an analysis of their personal letters, the majority of which have never been published. Their contents reveal a unique alliance, and provide futher information on the world of American surgery as it existed during the first part of this centrury. PMID- 6989006 TI - [Pharmacogenetics of methemoglobin-producing agents]. PMID- 6989007 TI - [Bioenergetics of the aging body and ways of its protection]. PMID- 6989005 TI - Mechanisms of the adjuvant effect of hemoglobin in experimental peritonitis. III. The influence of hemoglobin on phagocytosis and intracellular killing by human granulocytes. AB - The effect of hemoglobin on the ability of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) to phagocytize and kill opsonized E. coli was measured. Results show that the addition of hemoglobin in a concentration of 0.1% inhibititis phagocytotic activity of PMNs from 68% to 13% after 30 minutes and from 73% to 45% after 60 minutes. The rate of intracellular killing after the addition of hemoglobin in the concentration of 0.5% declined from 63% to 21%. Though these experiments do not allow any conclusions as to the exact mechanism of action of hemoglobin in inhibition of phagocytosis, it seems likely from other data that the inhibitory activity resides in the heme part of the molecule. We conclude that hemoglobin inhibits phagocytotic activity and the ability to kill ingested bacteria of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. This provides an additional mechanism for the adjuvant action of hemoglobin in intraperitoneal infections and supports the theory that hemoglobin acts directly on the granulocyte to impair the essential host defenses. PMID- 6989008 TI - [Phytodietetics and phytotherapy in diabetes mellitus and perspectives of their use]. PMID- 6989010 TI - [Analysis of the causes of ineffectiveness of insulin therapy in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6989009 TI - [Current trends in pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6989011 TI - Effects of splenectomy on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with liver cirrhosis: possible role of the spleen in haemostasis. AB - Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis before and after splenectomy was studied in 74 cases of liver cirrhosis. A hypocoagulable state was found before splenectomy, but the platelet count, and the levels of fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha 2 macroglobulin and antithrombin III increased significantly after splenectomy (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001). A marked improvement was observed on the values of r (reaction time), k (clot formation time) and ma (maximal amplitude) of thrombelastograms (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001). The prothrombin time was reduced after the surgery, but not significantly (p less than 0.1, greater than 0.05). The levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin remained almost unchanged, while serum fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products (FDP) showed a slight decrease postoperatively. The immunohistologic study of the spleen excised from 7 cases with liver cirrhosis, with the use of the direct immunofluorescence technique, demonstrated the deposits of fibrin in the splenic cords in all cases. It was not recognized in the spleens of 4 cases without cirrhosis used as the control. A further study of the spleen weight and plasma fibrinogen level showed that a significant inverse correlation exists between these two parameters (p less than 0.01). These findings suggest that localized intravascular coagulation (LIC) occurs in the enlarged spleen associated with liver cirrhosis. PMID- 6989012 TI - Platelet microtubule subunit proteins. AB - Blood platelets contain microtubule proteins (tubulin and HMWs) which can be polymerised "in vitro" to form structure which resemble the microtubules seen in the intact platelet. Platelet tubulin is composed of two non-identical subunits alpha and beta tubulin which have molecular weights around 55,000 but can be resolved in alkaline SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These subunits associate as dimers with sedimentation coefficients of about 5.7 S although it is not known whether the dimer protein is a homo- or hetero-dimer. The dimer tubulin binds the anti-mitotic drug colchicine and the kinetics of this binding are similar to those reported for neurotubulins. Platelet microtubules also contain two HMW proteins which appear to be essential and integral components of the fully assembled microtubule. These proteins have molecular weights greater than 200,000 daltons. Fluorescent labelled antibodies to platelet and brain tubulins stain long filamentous microtubular structures in bovine lens epithelial cells and this pattern of staining is prevented by exposing the cells to conditions known to cause depolymerization of cell microtubules. PMID- 6989013 TI - The effect of aspirin inhibition of PGI2 production on platelet adherence to normal and damaged rabbit aortae. PMID- 6989014 TI - Inhibition of platelet aggregation by placental extracts. PMID- 6989015 TI - The activation of factor X and factor X beta with factor VII or protein M. PMID- 6989016 TI - Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. XXIII. Inhibition of factor Xa by diamidines. PMID- 6989017 TI - [Total pancreatectomy. Experiences with postoperative diabetes and malabsorption]. PMID- 6989018 TI - [Salmonella's in butcher's block scrapings from butcher's shops (author's transl)]. AB - Samples of scrapings from butcher's blocks in butcher's shops were examined weekly for the presence of Salmonella throughout a period of twelve years (from 1967 up to and including 1978). At the same time, a so-called hygienogram was made of each sampled butcher's shop using the agar-impression method. Of the total number of 6,874 samples studied, 279 (4.06 per cent) were positive for Salmonella. From 1967 to 1971, the proportion of contaminated samples gradually decreased from 2.14 to 0.90 per cent. This proportion increased again from 1971 to 8.50 per cent in 1976, to be followed, however, by a marked reduction to 2.96 per cent in 1978. This undulation was also observed when meat-vans were studied by a similar method during the same period. There were only limited seasonal effects on the contamination of samples of scrapings with Salmonella. As was also the case with the study of meat-vans, the three sero-types most frequently isolated were S. typhimurium, S. panama, and S. brandenburg. These serotypes were also isolated several times from samples such as those of minced meat. It is concluded that an unmistakable route of contamination is maintained by meat-vans from the slaughter-houses to butcher's shops. Therefore, strict enforcement of hygienic procedures is indicated. In view of this fact, the supervisory and controlling duties of meat inspection services are stressed. PMID- 6989019 TI - [In memoriam J.J. Feddema]. PMID- 6989021 TI - [Evaluation of the osteoplastic properties of "Kiel bone" in treating mandibular defects]. PMID- 6989022 TI - [Enzymatic systems of proteolysis and kinin formation in the leukocytes in parodontosis]. PMID- 6989023 TI - [Mandibular osteoplasty with combined grafts]. PMID- 6989020 TI - Role of endocrinological factors in the pathogenesis of idiopathic edema. AB - In order to investigate the etiology of idiopathic edema, clinical findings and endocrinological abnormalities were analyzed in twenty-seven patients, and the following results were obtained. An easy occurrence of subcutaneous bleeding and positive Rumpel-Leede phenomenon were observed in the majority of the patients. ADH, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration in the patients did not show abnormalities following water loading in the supine position when compared with normal controls. But the results obtained in the present study suggested that they might contribute to water and sodium retention in the upright position. In the patients, plasma prolactin levels were not decreased, but rather increased and urinary excretion of kallikrein and kinin was reduced significantly after water loading in the upright position. Thus, prolactin and urinary kallikrein-kinin system might also contribute to water and sodium retention in idiopathic edema, directly or indirectly through the augmentation of the action of ADH and of aldosterone. It was concluded that the increased vascular permeability and endocrinological polyfactors play a role, in a cooperative fashion, in the mechanism of this disease. PMID- 6989024 TI - [Metal coating of dental prostheses made of polymethacrylic plastics]. PMID- 6989025 TI - [Comprehensive treatment of hemophilic children with hemorrhages from the oral cavity]. PMID- 6989026 TI - [Dental deposit]. PMID- 6989027 TI - [Restoration of decayed dental crowns]. PMID- 6989028 TI - [Method for the repeated replacement of extensive dental arch defects with removable prostheses]. PMID- 6989029 TI - [Improved fixation of a lower complete prosthesis]. PMID- 6989031 TI - [In memoriam Aleksandr Ivanovich Evdokimov]. PMID- 6989032 TI - [In memoriam Boris Dement'evich Kabakov]. PMID- 6989030 TI - [Comparative clinical and x-ray study of the cariostatic effectiveness of aminofluorides]. PMID- 6989033 TI - In answer to the question: "As compared to what?" A progress report on the EC/IC bypass study. PMID- 6989035 TI - George E. Martz, M.D. 1905-1979. PMID- 6989034 TI - A gerbil model of cerebral ischemia suitable for drug evaluation. AB - Cerebral ischemia was produced in the Mongolian gerbil by bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries. Although the cerebral ischemia so produced was not total, a mortality rate of 100% was obtained if the occlusion was maintained for 60 min in gerbils weighing 45--55 gm. Few deaths were observed after 50 min of bilateral carotid arterial occlusion. Test drugs were administered, after the removal of the arterial clips, to groups of gerbils to determine the mortality rate associated with each drug. Isoproterenol 50 mg/kg, amphetamine 5.0 mg/kg, and methylprednisolone 35 mg/kg improved survival after cerebral ischemia. Atropine 1 mg/kg, thiosemicarbazide 4 mg/kg, aminooxyacetic acid 100 mg/kg, theophylline 100 mg/kg, and phenytoin 50 mg/kg were associated with a reduced survival after cerebral ischemia. The known tendency of the gerbil to exhibit spontaneous seizures and the frequency and severity of the observed post-ischemic seizures suggest that the lethality of prolonged cerebral ischemia may be, in part, related to seizures triggered by the cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6989036 TI - Liquid preservation of granulocytes. PMID- 6989037 TI - Immunological reactivity between chimeric cattle twins. II. Normal lymphocyte transfer. AB - The response of normal single-born calves to the s.c. injection of allogeneic lymphocytes and that of chimeric calves to allogeneic and cotwin cells were studied. Whereas allogeneic cells produced local dermal swelling along with an efflux of blast cells and specific cytolytic antibody in the regional lymph, the injection of cotwin lymphocytes into chimeric calves failed to produce responses in excess of those of controls. There was little indication of specific reduction in responsiveness of the lymphocytes of normal calves following challenge with allogeneic cells. PMID- 6989040 TI - Fetal pancreas allografts for reversal of diabetes in rats. I. Allograft survival in nonimmunosuppressed recipients. AB - Survival times of allogeneic fetal pancreases were determined across various immunogenetic barriers using several inbred rat strains. Pancreases from 17-day old embryos transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of normal, nonimmunosuppressed recipients were richly vascularized within a short period regardless of histoincompatibilities. The transplants grew progressively, increased beta cell number, and synthesized insulin at a rate similar to that in isografts until rejection intervened. Survival end points were scored by (1) complete disappearance of intrinsic vascularization and necrotic change of tissue by gross observation of grafts, (2) a sharp decrease in insulin content in a graft as compared to that in a control isograft, and (3) destruction and disappearance of beta cells in histological examination. Although fetal pancreases were rejected within 10 days in all strain combinations, there were clear differences in host immune-reactions in terms of immunogenetic barriers between donor and recipient. PMID- 6989039 TI - Human renal allograft rejection is predicted by serial determinations of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - The early recognition and prompt treatment of rejection may minimise damage to renal allografts. Preliminary studies showed whole blood effector cell function in a constant antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay system to be suppressed in recipients with stable renal function. To investigate the possible role of ADCC in the rejection process, serial estimates were performed in 29 consecutive recipients of cadaveric kidneys. The generation of ADCC, as measured in vitro, preceded the biochemical confirmation of an impending rejection episode by 3 to 5 days for 31 of 33 episodes experienced by 23 recipients. Statistical analysis (X2) demonstrated a highly significant correlation between ADCC generation as measured in vitro and subsequent episodes of graft rejection. In contrast, six recipients who did not experience rejection episodes during the first 3 months postgrafting showed no evidence of ADCC activity. Thus, ADCC may be used to identify rejection earlier than has previously been possible. PMID- 6989038 TI - Allotype analysis of histocompatible and semiallogeneic B cell chimeric chickens. PMID- 6989041 TI - Immunological reactivity between chimeric cattle twins. I. Homograft reaction. AB - The response of chimeric calves to grafts of cotwin skin was examined both by direct observation of the fate of the graft and by collection of lymph from the lymph node which drained the grafted area. Whilst grafts of body skin exchanged between 16 pairs of twins survived for longer periods than did grafts transferred between unrelated calves, all of the former had been rejected after 10 weeks. Secondary grafts of cotwin body skin were rejected significantly faster. In contrast, grafts of auricular skin exchanged between cotwins survived indefinitely in some instances despite the rejection of simultaneously transferred body skin. The magnitude of the blast cell response observed in efferent lymph in the case of grafts exchanged between cotwins was generally intermediate between that observed in responses to allografts and control autografts. However, an early peak of blast cell response which occurred some 50 hr after placement of allogeneic grafts was not observed in response to cotwin grafts. PMID- 6989042 TI - T cell functional defect associated with thymid epithelial cell injury induced by a graft-versus-host reaction. AB - The injection of parental strain cells into adrenalectomized (CBA x A)F1 mice induced a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction which was morphologically characterized by thymus epithelial cell injury but not stress-related thymic involution. Thymocytes from mice undergoing a GVH reaction were studied for their ability to reconstitute allograft reactivity in thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow reconstituted (ATxBM) (CBA x A)F1 mice. Thymocytes of mice experiencing a GVH reaction were theta-positive during the course of the reaction, however, by 40 days after GVH induction these thymocytes were unable to reconstitute allograft reactivity to H-2-incompatible skin grafts. It is proposed that GVH induced thymic epithelial cell injury prevents or arrests normal T cell differentiation, resulting in a population of thymocytes which lack complete functional capability. PMID- 6989043 TI - Immunological enhancement can be mediated by anti-Ia and anti-K,D antibodies. PMID- 6989044 TI - Reticulum cell sarcoma and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following renal transplantation. PMID- 6989045 TI - Failure of hypertonic citrate solution to preserve canine renal transplants after 24 hours of hypothermic storage. PMID- 6989046 TI - Distribution and quantitation of HLA-ABC and DR (Ia) antigens on human kidney and other tissues. AB - A quantitative estimation of the amounts of human Ia (HLA-DR) and HLA-ABC antigen on a variety of human tissues was performed. Monoclonal antibodies to species common determinants of HLA-DR and HLA-ABC antigens were absorbed quantitatively with tissue homogenates and cell suspensions, and reassayed for residual activity in a radioimmunobinding assay. Kidney was found to carry 90% as much HLA-DR and 14% as much HLA-ABC antigen as spleen, while liver contained 19 and 9% as much, respectively. Small amounts of both antigens were found on heart; brain carried very little HLA-ABC and virtually no DR. Neither HLA-ABC nor DR was found on erythrocytes or reticulocytes. Of interest was our finding that a small subpopulation of thymocytes (10%) was HLA-DR positive. Platelets contained approximately 5% of the amount of HLA-ABC as spleen and undetectable quantities of HLA-DR, as expected. Chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) cells were found to carry 10% as much HLA-ABC and 33% as much DR antigen as spleen, while the values for bone marrow were 15 and 2%, respectively. PMID- 6989047 TI - Failure to increase the in vivo immunosuppressive activity of antilymphocyte globulin by conjugation with melphalan. AB - An attempt was made to increase the in vivo immunosuppressive powers of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) by conjugating it with malphalan (MEL), an alkylating agent, via an inert intermediate carrier (polyglutamic acid). Careful controls to distinguish between increased activity attributable to the conjugate per se, as opposed to synergy between the components of the complex, were included. Conjugation did not destroy the alkylating properties of the drug nor the cytotoxic activity of the antibody. The effect of MEL-ALG complexes on skin allograft survival in both inbred and outbred strains were appraised. In neither system did the immunosuppressive powers of the conjugate exceed those of ALG alone, regardless of the dose used. We conclude that alkylating drugs are not suitable for this particular purpose. PMID- 6989048 TI - Advantages of low dose steroid from the day after renal transplantation. AB - We have used a low dose of steroid (20 mg of prednisolone), commencing the day after transplantation, for 151 consecutive renal transplants in 141 patients. Five patients received grafts from living related donors, 146 received cadaver grafts. All patients received azathioprine for routine immunosuppression and the first 47 received a single dose of actinomycin C i.v. for treatment of rejection. No other immunosuppressive drugs were used. This treatment provided satisfactory immunosuppression as 109 of 151 grafts continue to function for periods of 3 months to 10 years and, of 42 grafts lost, only 17 failed from rejection. The cumulative survival of first cadaver grafts at 1 and 2 years in recipients of all ages (7 to 55 years) was 77.9 and 76.0%, respectively; in recipients 15 to 34 years old, 90.9 and 86.1%, respectively. Twenty-three patients died, no patient died from infection during the admission for transplantation, and infection played a part in the deaths of only four patients. The incidence of other complications was low; seven patients developed gastrointestinal complications, one died, four patients developed diabetes, all survived; only one patient developed avascular necrosis of bone. PMID- 6989049 TI - Quantitation of plasma azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine levels in renal transplant patients. AB - The plasma of renal transplant patients was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the presence of azathioprine and its primary metabolite, 6-mercaptopurine, after either oral or i.v. administration of azathioprine. Azathioprine was demonstrated in plasma at peak concentrations of 0.6 microgram/ml 15 min after i.v. injections of 100 to 200 mg. Within 90 min of injection, the azathioprine level fell to 10 ng/ml. Azathioprine was not detected in plasma at any time after an oral dose of 100 mg, indicating that the plasma concentration is less than 0.5 ng/ml, which is the sensitivity limit of this assay. 6-Mercaptopurine appeared in the plasma after either oral or i.v. azathioprine administration. Furthermore, decreased renal graft function has no effect on the rate of disappearance of azathioprine from plasma. These results demonstrate that high performance liquid chromatography can be used to determine azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine levels in man, and that alteration in renal function does not influence early stages of azathioprine degradation. PMID- 6989050 TI - Immunosuppression in canine renal allografts using niridazole. AB - The immunosuppressive activity of niridazole in unmatched kidney allografts in nephrectomized dogs was studied. The drug alone was not effective, but improved survival when used with azathioprine and prednisolone or azathioprine alone. However, niridazole was toxic in dogs in the doses used (25 or 50 mg/kg/day). PMID- 6989051 TI - Renal volume-pressure and functional relationships in acute allograft rejection. PMID- 6989052 TI - An in vivo counterpart of HLA- restricted H-Y killing. PMID- 6989054 TI - Demonstration of HLA antigens on human skin fibroblasts by the peroxidase antiperoxidase method. PMID- 6989053 TI - Prolongation of skin allograft survival in immunosuppressed mice by multiple transfusions of nonspecific blood. PMID- 6989055 TI - Alloantigens of human T-cell subsets identified by the two-colors fluorescence test. PMID- 6989056 TI - Transplantation immunity to syngeneic tumors in WKA rats immunized with allogeneic cells. PMID- 6989057 TI - The immunodiagnosis of leukemia. PMID- 6989058 TI - Pregnancy in renal transplantation. PMID- 6989059 TI - A nucleolar antigen in human malignant tumors. PMID- 6989060 TI - [Differences between lymphocytes revealed by membrane fluorescent probes]. AB - Interaction of fluorescent probes of 3-methoxybenzanthrone (MBA), 4 dimethylaminochalcone (DMC), and of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) with suspensions of rat thymocytes and Peyer's patches lymphocytes has been investigated. By means of the MBA, shown earlier to be a maker of B- and T lymphocytes, it was established that thymus lymphocytes populations consisted mainly of T-cells (95 +/- 3%), and those of Peyer's patch lymphocytes of B-cells (68 +/- 9%). Definition of parameters of binding and fluorescence of ANS and DMC has shown different physical structure of the thymus and Peyer's patch lymphocyte membranes, resp. This is suggested by differences in binding constant of ANS, and in anisotropy of fluorescence of DMC. The difference in the number of binding sites gives evidence in favour of the fact that Peyer's lymphocytes have a greater membrane mass than thymocytes. T- and B-lymphocyte cells are likely to vary in their own structure and in the number of their membranes. PMID- 6989061 TI - [Determination of the effectiveness of Chinese hamster cell fusion in monolayers]. AB - Using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), cell fusion was obtained for the Chinese hamster transplantable culture. A most rational character of cell fusion efficiency was the amount of nuclei found in multinuclear cells (polykaryocytar index) determined within 30-60 minutes after PEG treatment of the culture. After a 1-6 hour treatment, a mass death of polykaryocytes was more than 8 hours; in 3 hours and up to the end of a 24 hour's period of observation an intensive cell division is observed. PMID- 6989062 TI - [Use of the effect of impaired complete internal reflection for studying the adhesion of animal cells to glass. II. Kinetics of flattening of the cell surface facing the glass]. AB - The kinetics of form change (flattening) of Chinese hamster fibroblast cell surface facing the glass has been studied during attachment of fibroblasts to the glass using the effect of frustrated total reflection. Two stages of the process were shown to exist. The first one is characterized by a rapid (5 min) partial flattening and requires no serum in the medium. The second stage occurs only in the presence of serum in the medium, it lasts no longer than one hour and ends in a complete flattening. After the second stage is completed, spreaded cells appear. PMID- 6989063 TI - [Use of the effect of impaired complete internal reflection for studying the adhesion of animal cells to glass. III. Measurement of the refractive index of hyaloplasm and determination of the distance between cell membrane surface and glass]. AB - The kinetics of form change (flattening) of Chinese hamster fibroblast cell surface facing the glass has been studied during attachment of fibroblasts to the glass using the effect of frustrated total reflection. Two stages of the process were shown to exist. The first one is characterized by a rapid (5 min) partial flattening and requires no serum in the medium. The second stage occurs only in the presence of serum in the medium, it lasts no longer than one hour and ends in a complete flattening. After the second stage is completed, spreaded cells appear. PMID- 6989064 TI - [Chambers for cell cultivation and study]. PMID- 6989065 TI - Coli-bacillosis in chicks in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 6989066 TI - A comparison of the complement fixation and immunofluorescent antibody tests in a survey of the prevalence of Babesia equi and Babesia caballi in horses in the Sultanate of Oman. AB - The incidence of antibodies to Babesia equi and B. caballi in horses in the Royal Stables of His Majesty the Sultan of Oman was assessed by complement fixation (CF) and immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) tests. Two series of samples taken with a 2-year interval, mainly from animals reared in Oman, indicated a stable but high prevalence of antibodies. On the 2 occasions 94.6 and 97.7% respectively were positive to B. equi by IFA and 76.8 and 75.0% were positive by CF. For B. caballi the corresponding percentage figures were lower--67.9 and 40.9 by IFA and 30.4 and 40.9 by CF. A group of animals tested within 4 months of importation gave 60.4% positive reactions by IFA and 62.5% by CF to B. equi; 6.3% positive to B. caballi by IFA and 8.3% by CF. These figures are consistent with the probable relative prevalence of the parasites. The discrepancy between the results obtained by the 2 serological tests was probably due to the greater sensitivity of the IFA test and the faster decay of the antibodies detectable by the CF test. PMID- 6989067 TI - Side-effects of drug regimens used in short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. A controlled clinical study. AB - An analysis is presented of the side effects which occurred in 530 patients treated with 6 months chemotherapy for newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis. Five treatment regimens were used. The initial phase of treatment consisted of daily isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol (HRE) or isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and pyrazinamide (HRSZ) given for 2 months. The second phase of treatment consisted of isoniazid and rifampicin given twice weekly (H2R2) or isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol given daily (4HRE) or intermittently (H1R1E1 or H2R2E2) for 4 months. Side effects were detected in 66 (12.4%) patients. Hepatotoxic reactions occurred in 48 (9%) patients, mainly of amild and transient nature and the majority were attributable to isoniazid. The 'flu like' syndrome occurred in only 2 patients both during the daily phase of treatment, and it was not encountered in patients taking rifampicin intermittently (dose 600 mg). Inclusion of pyrazinamide in the initial phase of 1 regimen did not result in an increase of frequency of side effects. In 56% of patients on pyrazinamide the serum uric acid concentration was elevated but there was no arthralgia. Drug toxicity leading to alteration or withdrawal of treatment occurred in only 10 (1.8%) patients. This study shows that with these 6 month regimens the overall risk of drug toxicity was low, and less than that associated with more conventional treatment regimens. PMID- 6989070 TI - [Blood glucose and serum insulin in stable diabetics after ingestion of bread]. PMID- 6989069 TI - [Prophylactic irrigation of wounds with neomycin(Nebacetin). Controlled study of the effect in orthopedic surgical operations]. PMID- 6989071 TI - [Pharmacological effects on thrombocyte aggregation. A review]. PMID- 6989068 TI - [Thrombophlebitis after intravenous injection of diazepam. Prevention with dilution or flushing with isotonic saline evaluated in a randomized clinical trial]. PMID- 6989073 TI - [Sore throats and microbiological diagnosis]. PMID- 6989072 TI - [A randomized study of 2 copper coils, Nova-T and Copper-T 200]. PMID- 6989074 TI - [Ferrum quartz in the prevention of migraine. A double-blind study]. PMID- 6989075 TI - Doppler research in the nineteenth century. PMID- 6989076 TI - Ultrasound lethality to synchronous and asynchronous Chinese hamster V-79 cells. PMID- 6989077 TI - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound from 1 January 1971, No. 20. PMID- 6989078 TI - [Rare diagnosis in traumatic surgery: adamantinom of the tibia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989079 TI - [Clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of terminal chronic renal failure in nephroureterolithiasis]. PMID- 6989080 TI - [Enterococcal infection of the kidneys and urinary tract]. PMID- 6989081 TI - [Memorable and jubilee dates in the history of urology and related sciences in 1980]. PMID- 6989083 TI - [New books on urology and nephrology]. PMID- 6989082 TI - [Life and activities of J. F. Kosinski]. PMID- 6989084 TI - [On the 60th birthday of A. A. Kobelev]. PMID- 6989085 TI - [New technic of implantation of a modified extrapupillary iris-lens into the posterior chamber before cataract extraction]. PMID- 6989086 TI - [Eyelid defects after traffic accidents and the methods of blepharoplasty]. PMID- 6989088 TI - [Spasmolytic, vasodilator and hypotensive drugs in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6989087 TI - [Results of experimental and clinical evaluation of Trental]. PMID- 6989089 TI - [Ocular mycoses as a complication of hormonal therapy]. PMID- 6989090 TI - [Memorable dates in ophthalmology in 1980]. PMID- 6989091 TI - [Moisei Borisovich Fabrikant]. PMID- 6989093 TI - [Modern problems and prospects of the x-ray diagnosis of occupational diseases]. PMID- 6989092 TI - The comparative pathology of non-viral bullous skin diseases in domestic animals. AB - In a review of non-viral bullous skin diseases of domestic animals and a 4-year study of cases presented to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, we found 15 diseases: pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus, bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis herpetiformis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug eruption, epidermolysis bullosa, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, familial acantholysis, bovine congenital porphyria, impetigo and subcorneal pustular dermatosis. The 15 diseases were placed in five categories: autoimmune, immune-mediated, hereditary, bacterial and idiopathic. A histologic classification of these disorders based on the site of blister formation and other important clinicopathologic, histologic and immunopathologic findings was developed. PMID- 6989095 TI - Hypertrophy of the placenta and sacrococcygeal teratoma. Report of two cases. AB - This report describes two pregnancies complicated by hydramnios, fetal death and sacrococcygeal teratoma in the second trimester. In both cases the placenta was remarkably enlarged. It is postulated that the tumors behaved in the manner of A V fistulas and produced forward failure in the fetus similar to what is occasionally seen with large chorangiomas. PMID- 6989094 TI - [Prof. Mikhail Isaevich Nemenov (1880-1950) (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6989097 TI - Host-dependent modification of bacterial virus T3 affecting its adsorption ability. PMID- 6989096 TI - The synthesis of coliphage T1 DNA: requirement for host dna genes involved in elongation. PMID- 6989098 TI - Proteins of Newcastle disease virus. A comparison by partial protease digestion among the strains of different pathogenicity. PMID- 6989099 TI - [In an army hospital]. PMID- 6989100 TI - [Boris Semenovich Doinikov (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6989101 TI - [V. I. Lenin on the development of physical education and sports]. PMID- 6989103 TI - [Vitamin A transport mechanism: retinol cell reception and the intracellular proteins that bind vitamin A (a review)]. PMID- 6989105 TI - [Surgical treatment of isthmocervical insufficiency during pregnancy by applying a circular submucosal suture to the cervix uteri]. PMID- 6989104 TI - [Action of taurine on the incretory activity of the pancreas in in vitro experiments]. AB - In vitro liberation of insulin from pancreas, stimulated with taurine, was not decreased after blocking of alpha- and beta-receptors of Langerhans' islets. Taurine increased the hexokinase activity in pancreas. The stimulating effect of taurine on the insulin-incretory activity of pancreas appears to be due to active interference of the amino acid with glycolysis of the tissue cells. PMID- 6989102 TI - [Endocrine disorders caused by a tumor in the body]. AB - In tumor-bearing rats the hematocrit volume was decreased. It is recommended therefore to estimate the content of glucose in blood serum but not in the whole blood. In rats with Zajhdela ascites hepatoma and with solid hepatoma 27 contents of insulin and glucagon in blood and of glycogen in liver were altered. The nature and magnitude of these alterations varied depending on the type of the transplated tumor. The hormonal disbalance appears to be due to loss of receptor sensitivity towards these hormones. In blood serum of healthy and tumor-bearing rats maximal glucose content was observed within 30 min after sugar loading, after which the content of glucose in blood serum was decreased. In the tumor bearing rats the increase in content of glucose after sugar loading was higher than in the healthy animals, and the return of content of glucose to normal values was considerably delayed in the tumor-bearing rats. Apparent Vass for glucose was distinctly lower in healthy as compared with tumor-bearing animals. Simultaneous increase in content of glucose and insulin was found in blood serum of healthy rats after sugar loading, whereas the increase in insulin content was retarded in the tumor-bearing animals. PMID- 6989106 TI - [Semisynthetic penicillin and cephaloridine treatment of puerperal serous and infiltrative mastitis]. PMID- 6989108 TI - [Natural cadmium level in food products]. AB - The natural (background) content of cadmium in some food products was determined by the method of multiple isotopic dilution with the use of a radioisotope without carrier. Microquantities of cadmium were found in all the products, with the cadmium content varying over a considerable range, depending on the region where food sampling has been performed. It is emphasized that the increased cadmium content in food products may be accounted for by industrial pollution of the biosphere. PMID- 6989107 TI - [Role of food lipids in supporting the vital activity processes of the body]. PMID- 6989109 TI - [Stages in the method of determining the in vitro digestibility of foods in cooked dishes]. PMID- 6989110 TI - [In memoriam Iu. N. Kremer]. PMID- 6989111 TI - [Use of pyrogenal in the overall treatment of infectious diseases (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6989112 TI - [Contrex-3 number diagnostic system in the overall assessment of functional potentials and physical preparedness for mass population screenings]. PMID- 6989113 TI - [Precancer of the small intestine]. PMID- 6989114 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the radiocardiographic and the dye dilution methods of determining cardiac output and circulating blood volume]. AB - The authors compared the radiocardiographic and dye-dilution methods for hemodynamics determination. Cardiac capacity and volume of circulating blood were determined in 42 patients with atherosclerotic myocardiosclerosis and acquired valvular defects. A very high correlation dependence was established between the two methods. The correlation coefficient for minute volume is r = 0.93, for cardiac index it is r = 0.91 and for beat volume--r = 0.95 (P less than 0.001). A high correlation coefficient was established for the volume of the circulating blood--r = 0.86 (P less than 0.001). The authors admit that both methods are equally accurate and completely interchangable. PMID- 6989116 TI - A review of lithium. PMID- 6989115 TI - [Peritoneal dialysis: past, present and future]. PMID- 6989117 TI - [Organophosphate insecticide poisoning--mechanism of action, clinical symptoms and treatment]. PMID- 6989118 TI - [Diseases and death of King Jan Kazimierz of Poland]. PMID- 6989119 TI - [Thoughts on the history of allergy. In memoriam Clemens von Pirquet]. PMID- 6989121 TI - [New drug legislation. How does it concern the druggists?]. PMID- 6989123 TI - [Somatic manifestations of cerebral sclerosis]. PMID- 6989120 TI - [Migration inhibition factor in patients with rare pulmonary diseases (author's transl)]. AB - In 98 cases of pulmonary diseases (active and inactive sarcoidosis, idiopathic interstitial lung fibrosis [Hamman-Rich], collagenous diseases, Goodpasture syndrome, alveolar lipoid proteinosis, malignant lymphogranulomatosis and bronchial carcinoma) and in 18 tuberculin and varidase positive, Kveim negative control cases the migration inhibition factor (MIF) was investigated. Migration inhibition of macrophages was induced by the antigens tuberculin, varidase and Kveim's antigen and measured in Mackaness-chambers 24 hours later. Significant migration inhibition by the antigens tuberculin and varidase were seen in control cases, bronchial carcinomas and alveolar lipoid proteinoses. Increased migration indices frequently were found in interstitial lung fibrosis, Goodpasture syndrom and collagenous diseases. Kveim's antigen caused a significant migration inhibition in most cases of active sarcoidosis and in each one single case of collagenose and Hodgkin disease. The use of Kveim's antigen seem to have practical differential diagnostic value in this way. PMID- 6989122 TI - [Current topics in neurology with reference to computerized tomography]. PMID- 6989124 TI - [Muscle, tendon and ligament injuries in sports]. PMID- 6989126 TI - [Prof. Frans Huygen]. PMID- 6989125 TI - [How do XX-men and XY-women originate? The mechanism of mammalian gonadal determination]. PMID- 6989127 TI - [Dr. Deiter Spieth]. PMID- 6989128 TI - [Dr. Hans Hayn]. PMID- 6989129 TI - [Contact phase of blood coagulation]. PMID- 6989130 TI - Theodorick Bland, Jr: Virginia physician, cuirassier. AB - Born in Prince George County and educated abroad, Theodorick Bland practiced medicine in Petersburg, raised the first troop of Virginia cavalry, and served in the Continental Congress, the Virginia legislature, and the first US Congress. PMID- 6989132 TI - [Change in capillary permeability in pathological conditions]. PMID- 6989134 TI - [Insulin therapy of trophic ulcers]. PMID- 6989133 TI - [Effect of prophylactic vaccination on the ultrastructure of Treponema pallidum and its interaction with the cells]. PMID- 6989135 TI - [Case of multiple syphilitic rupia and ecthyma]. PMID- 6989131 TI - [Experimental studies on the problem of the thickness of the reactive neointima layer by means of quantitatively graded inflammation]. PMID- 6989136 TI - [Petr Vasil'evich Kozhevnikov]. PMID- 6989137 TI - [V. I. Lenin and modern problems of social hygiene]. PMID- 6989138 TI - [Elaboration by V. I. Lenin of the program goals of the Party in the field of public health]. PMID- 6989139 TI - [Artery stenosis in renal transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - Of 506 transplantations, stenosis of the artery supplying the graft was found in 60 patients (11,9%) three months to two years after they had undergone renal transplantation. The diagnosis was made by arteriography done because of refractory hypertension with or without impaired renal function in 58 patients and as a routine investigation in 2 normotensive patients. The stenosis was corrected surgically in 30 patients, with resultant lasting relief of hypertension in 17 patients and improvement of renal function in 9 out of 12 patients with impaired renal function. Different types of stenosis were recognized: stenosis of the recipient artery, stenosis of the suture line, stenosis of the donor renal artery (the most frequent) and multiple forms. There is no single cause of stenosis: atheroma of the recipient vessels, faulty suture technique, hemodynamic disturbances, trauma, immune mechanism. This complication of renal transplantation may be more frequent than is thought usually; therefore, routine renal arteriography should be performed at repeated intervals in all transplanted patients. PMID- 6989141 TI - Planimetric studies on fine needle aspirates from follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - A planimetric study was performed on fine needle aspiration biopsy smears from 21 follicular thyroid adenomas, 13 follicular thyroid carcinomas and 7 nontoxic goiters. The nuclear and the cytoplasmic projected areas were measured in each smear on 50 cells with intact nuclei. The nuclear-cytoplasmic area was calculated. Significant differences in mean nuclear area were found between benign and malignant follicular neoplasms and between neoplastic cells and cells from nontoxic goiter. Planimetry of cells aspirated from follicular neoplasms permitted differentiation between carcinomas and adenomas with a high degree of statistical probability. PMID- 6989140 TI - [Shocklung (adult respiratory distress syndrome). Prevention, therapy and the use of positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation (author's transl)]. AB - The prevention and therapy of shocklung or adult respiratory distress syndrome aims at maintaining an adequate functional reserve capacity and avoiding any form of pulmonary edema. Several therapeutic modalities based on patho-physiological grounds are discussed. A table summarizes the applied preventive and therapeutic measures. PMID- 6989142 TI - Comparison of cytocentrifugation and sedimentation techniques for CSF cytomorphology. AB - Two methods of processing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells for morphologic study were compared. The newer cytocentrifugation method, using the Shandon Cytospin apparatus, allowed slightly quicker processing of cells but did not appreciably influence the total time needed to fully study the cells. The preservation of cells, as measured by observation of cellular detail, was better after the use of older, more gentle, sedimentation technique. The sedimentation technique was generally found to yield a higher number of total cells. The loss of small cells by the sedimentation method was not statistically greater than with the cytocentrifugation method, but large cell collection was significantly better. The older sedimentation method is concluded to be preferable to the newer cytocentrifugation method for CSF cytomorphology. PMID- 6989143 TI - In memoriam: Josef Zajicek, 1923-1979. PMID- 6989144 TI - [Value of determination of the activity of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase in lymphoproliferative syndromes]. PMID- 6989145 TI - [Lymphocytic nucleolus]. PMID- 6989146 TI - [In memory of Dr. Maria Wazewska-Czyzewska]. PMID- 6989148 TI - Meningioma with conspicuous plasma cell components. A histopathological and immunohistochemical study. AB - A peculiar type of meningioma with conspicious plasma-cell components is described. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the polyclonal nature of the plasma cell population. Consequently, the plasma cells could not be regarded as a neoplastic component. PMID- 6989147 TI - Vascular permeability and axonal regeneration in tissues autotransplanted into the brain. AB - Pieces of skin, peripheral nerve, muscle, tendon, thyroid gland, and submandibular gland were autotransplanted into the brains of mice. The animals were killed after 5-week periods. Fluorescently labelled albumin was injected i.v. 1 h prior to death. Silver-impregnated sections were examined under the light microscope for the regeneration of axons from the brains into the implanted tissues. Unstained sections were studied by fluorescence microscopy for the presence of the labelled tracer in the extracellular spaces of the grafts. The muscle and submandibular gland received the fewest regenerating axons, skin and tendon received an intermediate amount of reinnervation, and the thyroid gland and vagus nerve were the most richly innervated. The amount of reinnervation could be roughly correlated with the presence of extravascular protein within the tissues. These data support the hypothesis that regeneration of axons may be dependent upon a source of protein in the extracellular fluid surrounding their growing tips. PMID- 6989149 TI - Non-specific immunity in nephrotic syndrome. AB - In order to explain susceptibility to bacterial infection in patients with nephrotic syndrome, bactericidal capacity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and serum opsonic activity were studied. The groups consisted of 29 patients and 29 controls. Bactericidal capacity was found to be statistically significant defective in the patient group when compared with controls for Staphylococcus aureus and Excherichia coli. Serum opsinic activity was found to be defective in up to 50% of the patients, but it was not statistically significant for either bacteria. There is no correlation between the impairment of bactericidal capacity and serum total protein, albumin, globulin, total lipid, cholesterol, age of patients and the duration of the illness. When bactericidal capacity was examined in five patients in remission it had returned to the normal level. The results of this study suggest that bactericidal capacity and possibly serum opsonic activity are influenced by the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6989150 TI - Somatomedin activity and growth hormone secretion. I. Changes related to body weight in anorexia nervosa. AB - Anorexia nervosa in childhood and adolescence, associated with impaired growth can be considered as a form of chronic malnutrition. Twelve patients aged 11 to 17 years were investigated. In spite of increased GH secretion, plasma somatomedin activities were diminished in 8 cases. Plasma T4, T3 and arginine stimulated insulin secretion were also decreased. In six patients who gained weight a significant negative correlation was found between weight deficit and plasma somatomedin activity. Prolonged administration of growth hormone in one case did not stimulate the generation of somatomedin activity. Nutrition and increased insulin secretion could plan a role in changes observed during recovery. PMID- 6989151 TI - Evaluation of mechanical ventilation in newborn infants. I. Techniques and survival rates. AB - The short-term outcome with survival rate, causes of death and neonatal complications in a 6-year material comprising 253 infants treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the neonatal period has been analyzed in relation to different primary disorders necessitating IPPV treatment. The total survival rate was 53%. For the different diagnoses the survival rates were: hyaline membrane disease (HMD) 41%, apnoea repetens of immaturity 85%, severe birth asphyxia 46% and septicemia 59%. The total rate of pneumothorax during IPPV was 15% but occurred more often in the HMD group (28%). Trends in survival rates over the study period are discussed as are measurements for improvements. PMID- 6989152 TI - Evaluation of mechanical ventilation in newborn infants. II. Pulmonary and neuro developmental sequelae in relation to original diagnosis. AB - The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neuro-developmental sequelae in 135 infants surviving intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the newborn period were studied in relation to primary disorders requiring IPPV. The rate of BPD increased over the 6-year study period in hyaline membrane disease survivors from 14% to 28%, but decreased in infants with apnoea repetens from 38% to 13%. Immaturity seemed to be one important factor for development of BPD. The incidence of neuro-developmental sequelae in IPPV treated infants fell from 22% to 13% over the years. In infants with birth weight below 1501 g the rate of neurological handicaps was 11%. PMID- 6989153 TI - Pulmonary function studies in long-term survivors with artificial ventilation in the neonatal period. AB - Lung function tests in 11 children aged 2.5--5.5 years who required intermittent positive pressure ventilation (1--624 hrs) in infancy were obtained. The conditions necessitating artificial ventilation were hyaline membrane disease, neonatal apneic spells, aspiration of milk, and birth asphyxia. On examination the probands were in a good healthy state and without any subjective signs of dyspnea. Lung volumes could be measured in all of the probands. They did not show any statistically significant deviation from standards for height and correlated with the age of the probands. Time related flow rates were sufficiently measurable in 7 probands only, who cooperated adequately. In 6 of them the expiratory flow showed a decrease of the effort independent portion with a slight increase in the total airway resistance. There was no correlation between the condition requiring artificial ventilation, the former therapeutic characteristics and the degree of the pathological lung function tests. The results of this investigation suggest damage of the smallest airways which could be the reason for the obstructively impaired expiratory patterns seen in 6 of the probands. PMID- 6989154 TI - DTP and DTP-inactivated polio vaccines: comparison of adverse reactions and IGG, IGM and IGA antibody responses to DTP. AB - Adverse reactions and anti-DTP antibody responses were compared between DTP- or DTP-inactivated-polio-vaccinated children. The material consisted of 380 children whose adverse reactions were registered by detailed questionnaires given to the parents. IgG-, IgM- and IgA-anti-DTP antibodies of 42 children were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fever, restlessness and local reactions were the most frequent adverse reactions observed. DTP-polio vaccine induced significantly more restlessness than DTP. This was the only significant difference in adverse reactions between the vaccines. An enhancement of IgG-anti DTP antibody responses at the age of 6 months was observed in the DTP-polio group. The enhancement was transient in antitoxin responses but still present in pertussis antibodies at 8 months of age. Very low and mostly undetectable levels of IgM- and IgA-anti-DTP antibodies were observed in both groups. PMID- 6989155 TI - Plasma secretin in neonates. AB - Plasma secretin has been measured in 96 normal 6-day-old term infants and in 158 healthy preterm infants whose mean post-partum ages were 2 1/2, 6, 13 or 24-days. At birth, plasma secretin levels in both term and preterm infants were high compared with those seen in healthy fasting adults (p less than 0.001), but subsequently declined towards adult values. In contrast, preterm infants who had not been fed for the first 6 days of life, had presistently high basal plasma secretin values. In term infants at 6 days of age and in preterm infants up to 13 days, there was no secretin response to a feed. However, by 24 days, preterm infants showed a marked postprandial secretin elevation (p less than 0.02). No correlations were found between plasma secretin concentrations and either blood glucose or plasma insulin concentrations following a feed. Significant adjustments in plasma secretin levels occur in the early weeks of life which may be influenced by enteral feeding. PMID- 6989156 TI - Enterotoxigenic and invasive Escherichia coli as causes of childhood diarrhoea in Finland. AB - E. coli was considered as the possible aetiologic agent in 16 cases (5.7%) of 283 hospital admissions for diarrhoea. One invasive strain was isolated from a case with exudative diarrhoea. Four heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin-producing strains were found in relatively mild cases of diarrhoea. Eleven strains belonged to "classic" pathogenic serotypes (EPEC); 9 of these were endemic cases and 2 associated with travel. Of the latter, 1 strain (078) was also found to produce heat-stable (ST) enterotoxin detectable by infant mouse assay. Although EPEC are now found much less frequently than 20 years ago, E. coli as a whole may still be the most common bacterial aetiology of childhood diarrhoea in Finland. PMID- 6989157 TI - [Psychotherapy and pedagogy--a comparison]. PMID- 6989158 TI - [Psychogenic twilight states in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6989160 TI - [Adaptation mechanisms--complementary thoughts and clinical contribution]. PMID- 6989159 TI - [Does better knowledge of family dynamics lead to the demytholization of the MCD syndrome]. PMID- 6989161 TI - [Prevention programs in a child psychiatry service for preschool children. IV. Preventive activity with a high risk group: young psychotic mothers]. PMID- 6989162 TI - [How do I understand Stevie--report of a mother]. PMID- 6989163 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of enkephalin and beta-endorphin in endocrine tumors of the rectum. A survey of 27 colo-rectal carcinoids. AB - In a histopathological and immunocytochemical study of biopsy and/or operation specimens from 27 patients with endocrine tumors of the colon and rectum ("hind gut carcinoids") enkephalin-immunoreactive tumor cells were observed in two cases. Both patients were obese women, about 50 years of age, with a history of constipation. The tumors were situated near the anus in the dorsal wall of the rectum. One tumor had metastasized to a lymph node, and the other showed vascular invasion. The tumor cells were non-argentaffin; some were argyrophil. One tumor contained only few enkephalin-immunoreactive cells but had numerous beta endorphin-immunoreactive cells, which were distinct from the former. The other contained large numbers of enkephalin-immunoreactive cells but no beta-endorphin cells. Both tumors also harboured glucagon-immunoreactive cells; in one there were also cells containing immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide. These cells were distinct from the enkephalin-storing ones. No 5-hydroxytryptamine could be detected in the two tumors. PMID- 6989164 TI - An effective selective medium for Yersinia enterocolitica containing sodium oxalate. AB - A medium ("Y" medium) is described, which was more efficient for the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from experimentally infected faecal specimens than desoxycholate-citrate. McConkey, lactose-sucrose-urea (LSU) agar, and Yersinia selective medium (Wauter's medium). The "Y" medium consists of casein hydrolysate and peptone servings as carbon and energy sources. A high selectivity is achieved by its contents of sodium oxalate and bile salts. The oxalate suppresses growth of gram-negative rods, including members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and of Pseudomonas spp., while the bile salts inhibit growth of gram-positive bacteria. In the few instances coliform rods grew on the "Y" medium, they could easily be distinguished by their fermentation of lactose, included in the medium, and the fact that colonies of organisms were surrounded by an opaque zone of precipitated bile salts. The most optimal condition for the isolation of Y. enterocolitica from stools was achieved at incubation of the "Y" medium at 29 degrees C for 2 days. PMID- 6989165 TI - Immunoperoxidase and electron microscopy studies of staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid. AB - Immunoperoxidase technique together with electron microscopy shows that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I is attached to the membrane and penetrates the whole cell wall. A diffuse zone outside and no peroxidase reaction product inside the wall when whole cells were treated with antibody prior to embedding may indicate (i) that LTA is exposed to reaction with antibodies outside the wall, and (ii) that all or most of the anti-LTA antibodies used are of the IgM class and thus unable to penetrate the wall. Thin sections of strain Wood 46 showed the same picture as Cowan I, but treatment of whole cells before embedding gave no diffuse zone outside the wall. This may be due to a thicker wall as found by electron microscopy and/or shorter LTA-chains of strain Wood 46 than those present in the wall of Cowan I. PMID- 6989167 TI - The effect of renal transplantation on basal serum gastrin concentration. AB - Basal serum gastrin concentration was measured before and every week during the initial 5 weeks after renal transplantation in 9 of 20 patients with chronic renal failure who obtained a well functioning renal transplant. Furthermore, calcium and phosphorus metabolism in relation to serum gastrin was investigated in all 20 patients 5 weeks after transplantation. Before renal transplantation, serum gastrin was markedly elevated as compared with the levels in normal controls. During the first 3-5 weeks after renal transplantation, serum gastrin decreased towards normal values. A slight but significant increase in serum gastrin persisted 5 weeks after transplantation. No significant relation between changes in serum gastrin concentration and in calcium and phosphorus metabolism was observed. PMID- 6989166 TI - Lack of evidence for an association between infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Crohn's disease, as indicated by micro-immunofluorescence antibody tests. AB - A significant difference has recently been reported in the occurrence of serum antibodies to the lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) immunotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with Crohn's disease and controls. In the present study, sera from 107 patients with Crohn's disease, 33 males and 74 females, were tested for antibodies to C. trachomatis by an indirect immunofluorescence test, using two pools of antigens. These pools contained antigens to immunotypes TRIC D-K and LGV 1-3, respectively. None of the patients had IgM antibodies to the organism. IgG antibodies occurred significantly more often in the female than in male patients. No correlation could be demonstrated between activity and duration of Crohn's disease and the results of the antibody tests. For comparison, the sera of 50 puerperal women were studied. No difference in the occurence of IgG antibodies was found between patients and controls, neither when using the two pools of antigen, thus indicating that the antibodies detected had probably been induced by TRIC rather than LGV organisms. To conclude, the study did not indicate an association between Crohn's disease and infection with C. trachomatis. PMID- 6989168 TI - Diet, lipids and atherosclerosis. AB - During the Second World War there was a temporary reduction in the frequency of myocardial infarction in Finland, Norway and Sweden. This was probably due to the reduced consumption of saturated fat. The total amount of dietary fat and cholesterol presumably played only a minor role. Today it is easier to obtain reliable mortality figures and information about the fat composition of the food in a given country. A compilation of such data has shown that mortality from myocardial infarction is higher in countries with a high consumption of saturated fat. Polyunsaturated fats seem to have an opposite effect. There is no reason to dissuade people from using fat-modified food products with a lower fat content and replacement of part of the saturated fat by polyunsaturated. Refugees from countries where the diet contains very little fat should be warned against using too much of the high-fat food products widely consumed in their new countries. PMID- 6989170 TI - Clinical trial of prednimustine, Leo-1031 (NSC-134087), in patients with non Hodgkin lymphomata and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia previously treated with steroids and alkylating agents. AB - Prednimustine, a chlorambucil ester of prednisolone, was administered to 16 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomata (NHL) and 14 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), all previously treated with steroids and alkylating agents. Response was obtained in 8 patients with NHL and 11 patients with CLL. Two NHL patients had long-lasting complete remissions. Median duration of response for lymphomata was 12 weeks, for CLL more than 15 weeks. Delayed reversible and rather pronounced myelosuppression was the major side-effect observed in median 6 weeks from the start of Prednimustine with a median duration of 4 weeks. PMID- 6989169 TI - Pregnancy in patients with renal disease. PMID- 6989171 TI - Treatment of osteoporosis with 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium. AB - A double-blind comparative study of 1 alpha-OHD3 and placebo was performed on 37 patients with osteoporotic hip fracture without clinical osteomalacia. 1 alpha OHD3, in a dose of 1 microgram/day together with 2.5 g CaCO3, did not heal osteoporosis as judged from determinations of bone mineral density and histomorphometric analyses during four months of treatment. However, 1 alpha-OHD3 seemed to have an effect on fracture healing as concluded from the posttreatment alkaline phosphatase level. Hypercalcemia was common, occurring in six out of 19 patients treated with 1 alpha-OHD3. It is concluded that treatment of osteoporosis with 1 alpha-OHD3 and calcium is ineffective and potentially dangerous because it frequently causes hypercalcemia. PMID- 6989172 TI - Liquorrhoea, a review of 66 cases. AB - Data on liquorrhoea in cases collected in 1947-1977 at the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden, are analysed with reference to: 1. Time of onset. 2. Symptoms and signs. 3. Diagnostic methods. 4. Treatment conservative and surgical. 5. Antibiotic prophylaxis. In more than half of the 66 patients the onset of liquorrhoea was delayed more than one month after the head trauma. Antibiotic prophylaxis to all skull base fractures therefore is questioned. False positive reaction with locally applied test strips is noted. Gammacisternography for localization of the leaking area is recommended. If surgery is performed, a high rate of recurrence can be expected if the supposed leaking area is blindly covered. PMID- 6989173 TI - Pituitary abscesses: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Two cases of pituitary abscess are reported. Bacteriological and histological findings of both cases are discussed, together with data available from the literature. PMID- 6989174 TI - Subacute spongiform encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) associated with normal-pressure hydrocephalus Anatomoclinical report of one case. AB - The occurrence of two different dementing diseases, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and normal-pressure hydrocephalus in a single patient is described. The inefficacy of a shunt procedure in this particular case, and the need of a brain biopsy in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus before undergoing cerebrospinal fluid shunting are stressed. A purely coincidental occurrence, or a possible aetiopathogenic relationship between both diseases are postulated. PMID- 6989175 TI - A role of renal cortical prostaglandins in the control of glomerular filtration rate in rat kidneys. PMID- 6989176 TI - Comparison of the effects of PGE2 and PGI2 in salt-loaded and salt-depleted dogs. PMID- 6989177 TI - Effect of chronic intrarenal prostaglandin E2 infusion and angiotensin II blockade on arterial pressure in the dog. AB - The present investigation demonstrates that chronic intrarenal PGE2 infusion results in a PRA-induced increase in arterial pressure. This conclusion is supported by an 8-fold rise in PRA and the marked reduction of arterial pressure during saralasin and CEI infusion. If the chronic effects of endogenously released PGE2 are similar to arterial administration, then the net effect of chronically elevated renal PGE2 in the dog appears to be a moderate, sustained hypertension. PMID- 6989178 TI - Possible significance of renal prostaglandins for renin release and blood pressure control. PMID- 6989179 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandins biosynthesis lowers antidiuretic hormone excretion in man. PMID- 6989180 TI - Prostaglandins and plasma renin activity in hypertensive patients. PMID- 6989181 TI - Prostaglandin-mediated renin release from renal cortical slices. PMID- 6989182 TI - Prostaglandins mediate the macula densa stimulated renin release. PMID- 6989183 TI - Reduction of renal prostaglandin E formation in essential hypertension. PMID- 6989184 TI - Angiotensin II-induced renal prostacyclin release suppresses platelet aggregation in the anesthetized dog. PMID- 6989185 TI - Interrelationship between renal prostaglandin E, renin, and renal vascular tone in conscious dogs. AB - PGSI cause renal vasoconstriction in furosemide- and low-salt-treated dogs, but not in untreated normotensive dogs, and this effect is closely related to their control PRA. PGSI cause a lesser degree of renal vasoconstriction in 2-kidney 1 clip Goldblatt hypertensive dogs which does not correlate with their control PRA. PGSI abolish PG modulation of the renin-angiotensin system, and this effect appears to account for the increased renal vascular tone induced in furosemide- and low-salt-treated dogs. PMID- 6989186 TI - The effect of potassium depletion on urinary prostaglandins in normal man. PMID- 6989187 TI - Role of prostaglandins in ventricular reflexes. PMID- 6989189 TI - Cardiovascular effects of prostacyclin in man. PMID- 6989188 TI - Significance of prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 for the mode of action of cardiovascular drugs. PMID- 6989190 TI - Effect of prostacyclin on coronary blood flow and cardiac activity in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6989191 TI - Actions of prostaglandins I2 and E2 on coronary occlusion-induced arrhythmias in the rat. PMID- 6989192 TI - Effect of prostacyclin on ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery occlusion in cats. PMID- 6989193 TI - PGF2 alpha stimulates release of PGE2 and PGI2 in the isolated perfused rat heart. AB - The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the release of PGI2 and PGE2 was investigated in isolated perfused rat heart. PGF2 alpha at concentrations of 1.7 nmoles liter-1 or higher increased the release of PGI2 and PGE2 alpha. The release of PGI2 was highest after 3 to 4 min of perfusion with PGF2 alpha. This phenomenon may be of physiological significance and might explain the observed variable effects of PGF2 alpha on vascular resistance. PMID- 6989194 TI - Augmented PGI2 synthesis in dog heart-lung preparation. PMID- 6989195 TI - Prostacyclin in the therapy of peripheral arterial disease. PMID- 6989196 TI - Effects of prostacyclin on the hemodynamics of the rat. PMID- 6989197 TI - Cardiovascular research on PGI2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, and 15(S)-15 methyl-PGF2 alpha. PMID- 6989198 TI - Release of prostacyclin into the bloodstream in humans after local blood flow changes. PMID- 6989199 TI - Microcirculatory responses to prostacyclin and PGE2 in the rat cremaster muscle. PMID- 6989200 TI - Comparison of the vascular responses to various prostanoic compounds in the puppy and adult dog. PMID- 6989201 TI - Differential actions of the prostaglandins on the pulmonary vascular bed. AB - We have reported that administration of cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as indomethacin and meclofenamate results in a slow gradual increase in pulmonary vascular resistance in the intact dog (21). It has been shown that a PGI2, "like" substance is continually released by the lung (6). We have, therefore, suggested that under resting conditions, the pulmonary vascular bed is maintained in a dilated state by production of a vasodilator product in the cyclooxygenase pathway (10,21). Recent evidence suggests that this vasodilator product in the cyclooxygenase pathway is a PGI2 'like" substance (6,13,20). PMID- 6989202 TI - Effects of Prostaglandin E1, prostacyclin, and tolazoline on elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in neonatal swine. PMID- 6989203 TI - Hemodynamic effects of prostacyclin in man. AB - Intraarterial or intravenous infusion of prostacyclin at doses 2, 5, and 10 ng/kg/min into 5 subjects without evidence of coronary heart disease or cardiac failure led to marked fall in peripheral, total pulmonary, and capillary wedge resistances. This was accompanied by a moderate drop in intraarterial blood pressure and the acceleration of heart rate leading to compensatory increase in cardiac output. Both stroke volume and mean right atrial pressure remained unchanged. No side effects occurred. Prostacyclin appears to act predominantly on resistance vessels. The hemodynamic effects produced by prostacyclin in man might be of clinical interest in treatment of conditions associated with significant rise in vascular resistance, heart failure, and in limitation of infarct zone during the early stage of acute myocardial necrosis. PMID- 6989204 TI - Endogenous mechanisms that regulate prostacyclin release. PMID- 6989205 TI - An antihypertensive effect of prostacyclin. PMID- 6989206 TI - Ontogeny of aortic PGI2 formation in the developing spontaneously hypertensive rat--correlation with elevations in blood pressure. PMID- 6989207 TI - Effect of indomethacin on blood pressure, catecholamine, and renin response to acute hemorrhage. PMID- 6989208 TI - Ductus arteriosus: developmental response to endogenous prostaglandins, oxygen, and indomethacin. PMID- 6989210 TI - Effects of captopril on bradykinin-induced, prostaglandin-mediated bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig. PMID- 6989209 TI - Ventilatory and cardiovascular effects of prostacyclin and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by inhalation. PMID- 6989211 TI - In memoriam Dr. Harry S. Abram. PMID- 6989212 TI - The intensive care unit in adults: coronary care and general medical/surgical. PMID- 6989213 TI - The hemodialysis unit. AB - The psychological reactions of patients on chronic center hemodialysis, their relatives and their medical staff were briefly described. Most of the questions pertaining to the sources of stress for the three groups of participants, as well as their respective adjustments, were ignored. Yet some striking similarities are to be found in the psychological reactions of all involved: high frequency of depressive reactions was found in patients, families and even staff. All use similar defense mechanisms, especially denial but also displacement, reaction formation, etc. It has also been suggested that all participants in chronic central dialysis have to handle their own as well as others' increased aggression, although the sources for the increase in aggression in patients, families and staff are very different indeed. The report also tried to summarize the often contradictory opinions about the psychotherapeutic interventions that should be carried out with patients, families and staff. PMID- 6989214 TI - Renal transplant unit. PMID- 6989215 TI - Jejuno-ileal bypass for superobesity. A psychiatric assessment. PMID- 6989216 TI - Open-heart surgery unit. PMID- 6989217 TI - The severe burns. PMID- 6989219 TI - Programs and services for the deaf in the United States. PMID- 6989218 TI - The cancer ward. PMID- 6989220 TI - Necrotizing vasculitis, coronary angiitis, and the cardiologist. PMID- 6989221 TI - Captopril in severe treatment-resistant hypertension. PMID- 6989223 TI - FDA: today's strengths built on turbulent past. PMID- 6989222 TI - Rheumatic fever in children. PMID- 6989224 TI - Circulation in neonates with intracranial arteriovenous fistula and cardiac failure. AB - Two newborn infants with severe cardiac failure caused by a large cerebral arteriovenous communication were studied with complete cardiac catheterization, indicator-dilution curves and angiography. In one infant, studied at age 10 hours, a large right to left shunt through the patent ductus was seen with retrograde aortic flow into the left carotid artery. The entire flow in the descending aorta was supplied from the ductus. The second infant, studied at age 5 days, had a 20 percent right to left shunt through the foramen ovale and the ductus was closed. Hypoxia was caused by inadequate oxygenation of pulmonary venous blood, atrial right to left shunting and possibly ductal right to left shunting. The hemodynamic findings in cases of cerebral arteriovenous fistula would seem to depend on the patient's age at the time the studies are carried out and the severity of the lesion. Cardiac output was more than twice the normal value and blood flow through the arteriovenous fistula was probably greater than 4 liters/min per m2. PMID- 6989225 TI - Clinical uses of two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 6989226 TI - The effect of kind of carbohydrate in the diet and use of oral contraceptives on metabolism of young women. III. Serum glucose, insulin, and glucagon. AB - Responses of glucose, insulin, and glucagon in serum to a sucrose load dose of young women taking oral contraceptives (OC) were compared to responses to the load dose of women who had never taken OC. Two experimental diets contained about 13% of the calories from protein, 36% from fat, and 51% from carbohydrate. Of the carbohydrate 84% was either sucrose of wheat starch. The diets were fed in a crossover design. Subjects were fed a sucrose load (1 g/kg) before and after weeks 1 and 3 of each dietary period. Parameters were measured in blood drawn before and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after the meal. Levels of serum glucagon and responses of serum glucose and insulin to sucrose load were significantly higher in OC users than in controls. Glucose and insulin rose significantly after the sucrose load. Time significantly affected glucose and insulin. The OC-time interaction also was significant for glucose and insulin levels. The OC users generally had higher peak levels of glucose and insulin and took longer to return to fasting levels than did the controls. After 3 weeks on the diet, the glucose and insulin responses of the OC users, but not of the controls, were significantly greater on the sucrose than on the starch diet. The response of the insulin/glucagon ratio to the sucrose load was not significantly affected by the OC use. PMID- 6989227 TI - Comparison of unmeasured versus exchange diabetic diets in lean adults. Body weight and feeding patterns in a 2-year prospective pilot study. AB - Thirty insulin-treated adult diabetic outpatients, within normal weight for at least 5 years, were instructed either on an unmeasured diet with the single restriction of simple sugars, or on a weight maintenance, caloric defined, exchange type American Diabetes Association diet. During the next 2 years, both groups reported similar caloric intakes, food composition, and distribution, which were remarkably close to the calculated ideals. Both groups kept body weights within normal limits. There was no difference in insulin doses or serum cholesterol. Fasting glycemia was higher, triglycerides lower, and hypoglycemic reactions less frequent in the group on the unmeasured diet. These differences were not significant. It is suggested that normal weight diabetics spontaneously regulate their intake to maintain a constant weight regardless of precise degree of glycemia control or insulin dosage. PMID- 6989229 TI - Pathogenesis of acute Legionnaires' disease pneumonia. AB - Immunofluorescent study of the lungs in cases of fatal suspected acute Legionnaires' disease enabled confirmation of the presence of Legionella pneumophila. In addition, probable pathogenetic mechanisms that had not been as clearly visualized by light microscopy became apparent: the retrograde involvement of the larger bronchioles and proximal airways, invasion of the interstitium, extension to pleura, and lymphatic and hematogenous spread. Organisms were demonstrated to occur in the liver and spleen of one patient. The development of technics for the earliest possible diagnostic verification of Legionnaires' disease, with specimens obtained as untraumatically as practical from selected sites and screened by specific immunofluorescent microscopic examination, should contribute to patient survival. PMID- 6989230 TI - Susceptibility testing with anaerobic blood culture isolates. Comparison of a rapid, direct methods with standardized method. AB - The results of a direct anaerobic susceptibility testing method were compared with those of a standardized method. Seventy-three blood culture isolates and eight antimicrobial agents were used. The results of the direct and standardized testing methods were within one two-fold dilution for 95.2% of the 584 anaerobe antibiotic combinations tested. The direct susceptibility testing method is accurate and potentially valuable because the results are available more rapidly than those of the standardized testing method. PMID- 6989228 TI - Intestinal fat digestion, absorption, and transport. A review. PMID- 6989231 TI - A comparison of four commercial systems for the identification of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. AB - Four commercial systems for the identification of glucose nonfermentative, gram negative bacilli and the conventional system used in our laboratory were compared. The API 20E, Roche Oxi/Ferm Tube, BBL Minitek, Flow N/F System, and our system were compared for accuracy, time needed for identification and number of isolates needing additional testing. A total of 241 different isolates were used. The API 20E identified 86.7% correctly; Oxi/FermTube, 83.0%; Minitek, 93.4%; N/F System, 90.5%; and our system, 90.0%. Within 24 hours after isolation, the API 20E identified 25.7%; Oxi/Ferm Tube and Minitek, 0%; N/F System 27.3%; and our system, 35.7%. After 48 hours, the API 20E identified 74.7%; Oxi/Ferm Tube, 35.7%; Minitek, 45.2%; N/F System, 83.0%; and our system, 94.6%. The number of isolates that required additional testing for identification by the API 20E was 119; Oxi/Ferm Tube, 161; Minitek, 88; N/F System, 43; and our system, 36. Ease of performance, technologist time, and level of identification required by individual laboratories are discussed. PMID- 6989232 TI - Evaluation of a multitest system for rapid identification of Salmonella and Shigella. AB - The ability of Micro-ID, a multitest system for rapid (four hour) identification of Enterobacteriaceae, to identify Salmonella and Shigella was evaluated. Micro ID, API 20E and a battery of tubed media consisting of triple sugar-iron agar, Christensen's urea agar, and Moeller's lysine decarboxylase medium were used to study 516 lactose nonfermenting strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from 500 consecutive pediatric stool specimens. Fifty-six of the isolates were Salmonella, and 21 were Shigella. Micro-ID correctly identified all isolates of Shigella and all but one isolate of Salmonella, whereas the conventional screening media failed to detect seven isolates of Salmonella and two isolates of Shigella. The false-positive rates were 1% and 20% for Micro-ID and the conventional battery, respectively. Use of Micro-ID as a substitute for conventional screening media for lactose nonfermenting stool isolates provides reliable presumptive idenfication of Salmonella and Shigella within four hours. PMID- 6989233 TI - Lymphoepithelioid cellular lymphoma (Lennert's lymphoma) in association with malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type. AB - The present case is unusual in that it demonstrates the presence of the histologic pattern of Lennert's lymphoma in a patient who had a 14-year history of recurrent reticulum cell sarcoma (histiocytic lymphoma). This particular lesion also exhibits clinical and pathologic similarities to angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and malignant lymphoma of peripheral T-lymphocyte origin. Whether the appearance of Lennert's lymphoma in this patient represents a regression of the previous reticulum cell sarcoma (histiocytic lymphoma) to a more benign form, a response to therapy, an alteration in the immune system, or a new lymphoreticular malignancy remains to be answered. PMID- 6989234 TI - Macrocytosis and pure RBC anemia caused by azathioprine. AB - Red blood cell macrocytosis is a wellknown complication of azathioprine therapy. In a group of 91 patients receiving azathioprine immunosuppressive therapy for renal graft, the mean corpuscular volume determined by an electronic cell counter was substantially higher than in the normal population. Selective erythroid hypoplasia is another known but much less frequent complication of azathioprine use. The case of a child who had a selective erythroid hypoplasia while receiving azathioprine immunosuppressive therapy for renal graft is reported. The patient recovered as the drug therapy was discontinued. With progressive reintroduction of the drug, a second decrease in the hemoglobin was seen when a dose of 2 mg/kg was reached although with a smaller dose, no recurrence of anemia was observed. PMID- 6989235 TI - Moving toward the 21st century. AB - The status of pharmacist education, areas of professional responsibility, pharmacy management, and ASHP membership is predicted for the coming decades. Because of changes in practice and greater use of nonpharmacists, colleges of pharmacy will graduate fewer pharmacists, all with Pharm.D.degree. Ph.D.-level programs will be initiated for specialized practice as institutional pharmacy continues to expand to include both total-service and specialized practitioners. Pharmacy management will become more demanding and, in large departments, may require both a professional and a nonprofessional director. Hospitals will become larger but fewer in number. They will serve large geographic areas, with the patients coming as referrals from ambulatory health care centers operating in smaller communities. With present services and programs, ASHP membership probably will level off at 21,000. If the Society can broaden its role, membership could reach 25,000--40,000, including many supportive personnel members. The formation of more specialty organizations may be necessary, but they will require a successful umbrella organization for the cooperation needed for continued growth of the profession. PMID- 6989236 TI - Migraine headache: signs and symptoms, biochemistry, and current therapy. AB - The classification, biochemistry, precipitating factors, differential diagnosis, treatment of acute attacks, and prophylactic therapy of migraine headaches are reviewed. The biochemistry of both classic (prodromal symptoms) and common (no prodromal symptoms) migraines is poorly understood, but appears to involve serotonin. Although their clinical importance is not clear, common precipitating factors include coffee, tea, and cola beverages; chocolate, cheese, and alcohol; light stimulation, stress, fasting, lack of sleep, and fever; and reduced estrogen levels. The symptomatic treatment of acute attacks with ergot preparations, isometheptene, flufenamic acid, analgesics and sedatives is reviewed. Prophylactic therapy with methysergide maleate, tricyclic compounds, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, propranolol, and 5-hydroxytryptophan is also discussed. PMID- 6989237 TI - Therapeutics bibliography for clinical pharmacists. AB - A therapeutics bibliography for the clinical pharmacist is presented. The bibliography concentrates on the medicinal treatment of disease and drug-induced disease. It is divided into 10 internal medicine subspecialties and consists of the important literature for January 1974 through March 1979; important earlier material also is included. Cardiology, endocrinology and gastroenterology bibliographies are included in this issue; the remaining subspecialties will be covered in consecutive issues of the Journal. The organization, uses, and search and survey methods used to develop the bibliography are described. The bibliography can be helpful to pharmacy students, residents, and educators, and can be used for professional staff development in clinical pharmacy. PMID- 6989238 TI - Richter's syndrome: diffuse histiocytic lymphoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A report of five cases and review of the literature. PMID- 6989239 TI - Correction of infantile agranulocytosis (Kostmann's syndrome) by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been unsuccessful as therapy for genetically determined bone marrow disorders. In patients prepared for transplantation with drugs alone long-term hematopoietic engraftment is not achieved due to the overgrowth of the infused donor bone marrow cells by residual recipient hematopoietic stem cells. Utilizing a combination of total body irradiation and antihuman thymocyte serum, the successful eradication of the abnormal hematopoietic stem cells of patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and now infantile agranulocytosis has been achieved. Following preparation with total body irradiation and antihuman thymocyte serum a 20 month old patient with infantile agranulocytosis has complete donor hematopoietic and lymphoid engraftment one year after a histocompatible allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Prior to transplantation, this patient had no circulating or bone marrow granulocytes; following transplantation he has normal numbers of circulating granulocytes with normal in vivo and in vitro function. This therapeutic result demonstrates that genetic disorders of myeloid function can be corrected by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation following preparation with total body irradiation and antihuman thymocyte serum, and suggests that infantile agranulocytosis is due to an intrinsic defect of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell and not to a micro-environmental defect. PMID- 6989240 TI - Withdrawal of immunosuppresive agents in the treatment of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. AB - Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection that causes high mortality in the renal transplatn patient. Cell-mediated immunity, which appears to be the relevant host defense mechanism, is impaired by the immunosupressive agents used to prevent allograft rejection. In the case presented, immunosuppressive therapy was stopped as an adjunct to treatment of this infection. The patient has shown evidence of improvement, and his allograft has continued to function nine months after the withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy and 18 months after the diagnosis. In vitro lymphocyte function studies indicate that the impairment in cell-mediated immunity detected prior to withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy has persisted, probably accounting for allograft survival. Withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy may prolong survival in renal transplant patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Additionally, depression in cell-mediated immunity associated with the fungal infection itself may be sufficient to prevent allograft rejection in these patients. PMID- 6989241 TI - Emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance during the therapy of Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis. AB - A patient is described in whom multiple antibiotic resistance developed during the course of therapy of Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis. Sequential resistance developed to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and eventually amikacin. As previously reported, the use of the chloramphenicol alone in the therapy of gram-negative bacillary meningitis can result in rapid emergence of resistance and treatment failure. In this patient, the subsequent emergence of gentamicin and amikacin resistance may have been related to the omission of intrathecal aminoglycoside. A short review of the literature is presented and recommendations are made for the therapy of gram-negative bacillary meningitis. PMID- 6989243 TI - Natural occurrence of a humoral response to Candida in human amniotic fluid. AB - With a sensitive indirect immunofluorescent technique, we studied the antibody response to Candida albicans in 150 human amniotic fluid (AF) specimens at 15 to 18 weeks' gestation. Specific IgG was detected in 94.7% of the samples and specific IgA, in 98%, while 1.3% were negative in both tests. A comparison of the mean ratio of anticandidal titers (IgA/IgG) in AF and human serum indicated a predominance of IgA activity in AF and the reverse in serum (2.01 versus 0.66, p less than 0.001). There was no correlation between IgG and corresponding IgA titers, which supports the fetal origin of IgA. Humoral immunity alone had no discernible influence on the growth of C. albicans in midtrimester AF. It is suggested that the synthesis of specific IgA is genetically determined because it presumably offers some functional advantage over transmitted maternal IgG in the local defensive mechanisms of the amniotic cavity. PMID- 6989244 TI - Hydramnios and fetal lung. PMID- 6989242 TI - Haemophilus influenzae septic arthritis in adults. AB - The incidence of Haemophilus influenzae infections appears to be increasing although disease in adults due to this organism remains unusual. Only 16 cases of septic arthritis caused by this agent were found in a review of the literature. Two additional cases are reported and a summary of the clinical characteristics of these patients is presented. In general, females are affected more commonly than males, and blacks more often than whites. Joint involvement may be single or multiple, and associated or underlying conditions are frequent. Treatment with a variety of antimicrobials was generally successful and 87% of the infected joints was restored to pre-infection status. There were no specific characteristics in the clinical presentation which would allow an early precise etiologic diagnosis. PMID- 6989245 TI - Single-dose and multidose prophylaxis in vaginal hysterectomy: a comparison of sodium cephalothin and metronidazole. AB - A total of 79 patients underwent vaginal hysterectomy and were randomly assigned to three regimens of prophylactic antibiotics: multidose intravenous sodium cephalothin, single-dose intravenous sodium cephalothin, and single-dose oral metronidazole. Control groups were selected from two previous studies conducted at our institution. The incidence rates of infectious morbidity following all three regimens of antibiotics were substantially lower than in the control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of standard febrile morbidity and serious pelvic infections among the three groups. The fever index was lowest in the single-dose sodium cephalothin group. PMID- 6989246 TI - Post-cesarean section endometritis: causative organisms and risk factors. PMID- 6989247 TI - The natural history of group B streptococcal colonization in the pregnant woman and her offspring. I. Colonization studies. AB - A longitudinal study of colonization by group B streptococcus (GBS) was conducted in 93 pregnant women and 92 of their infants. Positive cultures were obtained from vaginal swab specimens on at least one occasion during pregnancy from 20.4% of the women. Three types of carriage were observed: chronic, transient, and intermittent. At the time of delivery, 12.9% of the mothers were colonized by GBS. GBS colonization occurred in 41.7% of the infants of the mothers colonized intrapartum. Only 1.2% of infants intrapartum culture-negative mothers were colonized. Infants colonized at birth were culture negative by 4 months of age. This study suggests that interruption of vertical transmission of GBS from mother to infant not only would influence the incidence of early-onset GBS disease but also might reduce the incidence of late-onset GBS disease. PMID- 6989248 TI - The natural history of group B streptococcal colonization in the pregnant woman and her offspring. II. Determination of serum antibody to capsular polysaccharide from type III, group B Streptococcus. AB - An investigation of the prevalence and persistence of the concentration of antibody to capsular polysaccharide from type III, group B Streptococcus in sera from 93 pregnant women and their newborn infants is reported. In the majority of women, the concentrations of antibody detected in the sera were low (less than 1 microgram/ml). However, sera from women who were colonized with type III strains of group B streptococci contained significantly higher concentrations of antibody than those from noncolonized women (p = 0.027). No appreciable change in antibody concentration was found in sera collected early in gestation when compared to delivery sera. When maternal-cord serum pairs were analyzed, a significant correlation between concentrations of antibody was found, which indicates that this antibody is transplacentally transferred. PMID- 6989249 TI - The role of prostaglandins in endotoxemia: comparisons in response in the nonpregnant, maternal, and fetal models. I. Prostaglandins and the pulmonary effect of experimental endotoxemia. AB - The mechanism of respiratory distress in sepsis is unknown. Previous work has shown elevations of prostaglandins during sepsis. This study reveals a correlation between levels of prostaglandins F 2 alpha and E and pulmonary hypertension and other parameters of respiratory distress in oophorectomized ewes subjected to endotoxin. The use of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors prior to endotoxin prevented the rise in prostaglandins and the development of respiratory distress. PMID- 6989250 TI - Secretory component in human ocular tissues. AB - Lacrimal tissue and accessory lacrimal tissue from seven autopsy cases, lacrimal tissue from three patients undergoing orbital exploration, and biopsy specimens from conjunctiva of 14 subjects were examined for the presence and distribution of secretory component by three anti-secretory-component antisera. Secretory component was present in all lacrimal and accessory lacrimal tissues but in no other ocular tissues. Over 60% of acinar cells stained for secretory component; about 5% of acinar cells stained brightly; about 30% of tubular cells stained brightly. Main and accessory lacrimal tissues appeared identical in their staining patterns. We concluded that the main sites of synthesis of secretory IgA in human ocular tissues are the lacrimal and accessory lacrimal tissues. PMID- 6989251 TI - Protein AA and lattice corneal dystrophy. AB - A 73-year-old woman underwent corneal transplantation because of lattice dystrophy. Histopathologic examination of the excised host cornea disclosed eosinophilic deposits that stained positively with Congo red and showed green birefringence with polarized light. Immunofluorescent examination showed protein AA and protein AP in the stromal deposits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of protein AA and protein AP in the amyloid deposits of lattice corneal dystrophy. PMID- 6989252 TI - Epithelial response in penetrating keratoplasty. AB - In 30 patients who were followed up, discrete corneal epithelial dots developed in a strictly confined area of the peripheral donor cornea within two months after penetrating keratoplasty. The incidence was higher, although not statistically significant, in the disparate group (55%) as compared to the isometric group (30%). The change in dot density that occurs after nylon suture removal is consistent with the idea of lateral cell movement in the corneal epithelium. This study confirms that donor epithelium persists for long periods of time. PMID- 6989253 TI - Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology--40 years. PMID- 6989254 TI - Lower eyelid retraction after blepharoplasty. AB - We used a simple procedure to correct retraction of the lower eyelid after blepharoplasty. Through a lateral canthotomy skin incision, the retracting layer of tissue within the lower eyelid at the level of the orbital septum is lysed and the lower eyelid is elevated and fixed in the desired position by attaching a tongue of lateral canthal tendon and lateral tarsus to the lateral orbital rim under a posteriorly based periosteal flap. PMID- 6989255 TI - Combined Z-plasty and horizontal shortening procedure for ectropion. AB - A combined Z-plasty and horizontal shortening procedure to treat ectropions with cicatricial and horizontal laxity components successfully relieved ectropions in six patients. If the cicatricial changes are localized to one third or less of the eyelid, a skin Z-plasty to vertically lengthen the eyelid can be combined with a full-thickness pentagonal resection to horizontally tighten the eyelid. PMID- 6989256 TI - Orbital hemorrhage with loss of vision. AB - A 58-year-old woman had the sudden onset of unilateral painful proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, vomiting, and loss of vision. Computed axial tomography showed a mass that was greatly attenuated in the orbit. The initial reading of the internal carotid angiogram was normal, but a subtraction study showed a hypervascular lesion within the orbit with features indicating a hemangioma. Orbital decompression failed to restore the vision as intraorbital hemorrhage had irreparably damaged the optic nerve. PMID- 6989257 TI - The Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom: its first hundred years. PMID- 6989258 TI - A study of basal movement with rapid maxillary expansion. AB - This investigation was undertaken to examine the effect of rapid maxillary expansion horizontally and posterior to the dental arch, there being some doubt that the expansion would be carried in this dimension and whether dilation of the non-tooth-bearing bones (palatines and sphenoidal pterygoid processes) was possible. The increases in the intermolar arch widths and the interpterygoid hamular widths were recorded in a group of thirty-two orthodontic patients. (twelve male and twenty female, aged 8 to 24 years), before and after rapid maxillary expansion. The mean percentage increase in interhamular widths to intermolar widths was 58 percent (range, 35 percent to 89 percent). The correlation between the relative increases was weak (r = +0.55). A slight reduction in the percentage increases in interhamular widths to intermolar widths as age advanced suggested an age factor, but the correlation was very weak (r = 0.33). From this evidence, it would seem that rapid maxillary expansion will separate the palatine bones and splay outward the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone. PMID- 6989259 TI - Harold D. Kesling (1901--1979). PMID- 6989260 TI - Spencer Roane Atkinson (1886--1970). PMID- 6989261 TI - Presentation of Middle Atlantic Society of Orthodontists' Devlin Award to Robert Hedges by Charles Jonas. PMID- 6989262 TI - Influence of experimental diabetes and insulin on matrix-induced cartilage and bone differentiation. AB - The influence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on discrete stages of matrix induced endochondral bone formation has been investigated. Mesenchymal cell proliferation was inhibited in diabetic rats as evidenced by a 65% reduction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and a 56% reduction of [3H]thymidine incorporation per microgram DNA compared to nondiabetic controls; the inhibition was prevented by insulin treatment. In diabetic animals, chondrogenesis on day 7 was reduced by 49% compared to control animals as assessed by 35SO4 incorporation. Exogenous insulin was stimulatory to cartilage development when present during days 0 through 4 (mesenchymal cell proliferation). Calcification of cartilage and osteogenesis were reduced by more than 50% in diabetic rats and corrected by insulin as measured by alkaline phosphatase activity and 45Ca incorporation. Decreased in vivo endochondral bone growth and development during diabetes is the result of 1) inhibition of insulin-dependent mesenchymal cell proliferation, 2) decreased and delayed cartilage formation due to impaired mesenchymal cell proliferation, 3) decreased and delayed vascular invasion prior to chondrolysis and osteogenesis, and 4) reduced insulin-dependent calcification and ossification. PMID- 6989263 TI - Circadian sleep and feeding patterns in the rat: possible dependence on lipogenesis and lipolysis. AB - Sleep and feeding patterns were continuously recorded in rats under intravenous saline (control) and alternating insulin-epinephrine (experimental) infusions. The infusion of insulin (lipogenetic hormone) during the normally light period (0800-1600) replaced by epinephrine (lipolytic hormone) during the normally lipogenetic dark period (1600-0800) resulted in a complete inversion of the normal circadian distribution of sleep and feeding patterns and also of their correlation. Insulin infusion resulted in low blood glucose and glycerol levels whereas epinephrine increased these physiological parameters. Different control conditions showed that the fluctuations of sleep and feeding were dependent on the rate of utilization of the circulating metabolites at the cellular level. These results together with previous data suggest that the relation between sleep and feeding and their concomitant circadian fluctuation are possibly modulated by a common factor, namely the metabolic rate that is influenced by the lipogenesis/lipolysis rate. PMID- 6989264 TI - Influence of the insulin-to-growth hormone ratio on body composition of mice. AB - To determine whether the insulin-to-growth hormone ratio was different in genetically related animals with known differences in food intake and amount of adipose tissue the following parameters were measured in lean (C57BL/6J) and yellow obese mice (Avy/a): food intake, body composition, energy intake, plasma concentrations, and ratios of insulin and growth hormone; these were determined in one experiment during a 24-h period. Yellow obese mice contained significantly greater amounts of body fat than the lean littermates, a significantly higher insulin-to-growth hormone ratio, and a higher daily food intake. In a second experiment, a shift in hormone concentrations and ratios occurred with increasing age and simultaneously with changes in body composition in the Avy/a mice; both changed without changes of food intake. The increased obesity may have resulted from an increase in the insulin-to-growth hormone ratio or more probably from an increase in the insulin level alone. PMID- 6989265 TI - Tissue distribution of glucagon, glucagonlike immunoreactivity, and insulin in the rat. AB - To show that glucagon, glucagonlike immunoreactivity (GLI), and insulin are synthetized by organs other than the pancreas and the gastrointestinal tract, different rat tissue acid-ethanol extracts were obtained and analyzed by immunoassay using specific antisera. Significant amounts of glucagon were found in the gastrointestinal tract (44.77 +/- 5.4 ng), salivary glands (1.50 +/- 0.17 ng), thymus (2.80 +/- 0.46 ng), thyroid (0.25 +/- 0.02 ng), and adrenal glands (0.25 +/- 0.06 ng). Whereas GLI appeared in the gut mucosa, adrenal and salivary glands, genuine insulin was detected only in the pancreas. Aliquots of the tissue extracts, fractionated on Bio Gel P 30 columns, gave a 3,500 mol wt immunoreactive (30 K) peak that behaved as pancreatic glucagon on acrylamide gel electrophoresis and displaced 125I-labeled glucagon previously bound to its hepatic receptors. Arginine, epinephrine, and low glucose concentrations stimulated glucagon release from parotid, thymus, and thyroid. Active glucagon biosynthesis by these organs was established by the incorporation of L [3H]tryptophan into a 3,500 mol wt polypeptide with specific immune reaction with 30 K antiserum. These results suggest that different rat tissues can contribute to the circulating levels of glucagon and GLI and therefore to metabolic homeostasis. PMID- 6989266 TI - Effects of wheat germ agglutinin on insulin binding and insulin sensitivity of fat cells. AB - The plant lectin (wheat germ agglutinin, WGA) produces several alterations in the ability of fat cells to bind and respond to insulin. Although WGA markedly stimulated glucose oxidation, it caused only a modest stimulation of glucose transport. WGA (0.25-20 micrograms/ml) increased the binding of insulin by adipocytes, apparently by increasing the binding affinity of the insulin receptor. With low WGA concentrations (0.25-2.5 micrograms/ml), the elevation in binding was accompanied by an increase in the sensitivity of the adipocytes to insulin stimulation of glucose transport. However, the sensitivity of these cells to vitamin K5 and H2O2 was not altered. With higher WGA concentrations (5-20 micrograms/ml), stimulation of the glucose transport system by insulin, vitamin K5, or H2O2 was markedly inhibited, an effect that is reversed by the addition of ovomucoid. These findings suggest that low WGA concentrations increase the affinity of the insulin receptor and the insulin sensitivity of the cells. At higher concentrations, the lectin appears to act at another site(s) to inhibit the activation of the transport system by insulin or other agents. PMID- 6989267 TI - Mechanisms of acute hyperinsulinemia after Kupffer cell phagocytosis. AB - Blockade of hepatic Kupffer cells by prior phagocytosis of a variety of particulate materials caused acute hyperinsulinemia in glucose-stimulated fasted rats under pentobarbital anesthesia. At 4-h postblockade a 125-250% increase in peripheral plasma insulin levels occurred due to a combination of enhanced pancreatic insulin secretion and depressed hepatic insulin extraction. Enhanced pancreatic insulin secretion was confirmed by a 36-54% elevation of portal venous insulin levels. Depressed hepatic insulin extraction was indicated by a 37-47% reduction in insulin uptake by in situ perfused livers as well as alterations in portal-hepatic venous insulin differences and intravenous insulin tolerance tests in vivo. All parameters began to return toward control values at 24 and 48 h postblockade. Return was slow after inert carbon phagocytosis and rapid after degradable bacteria phagocytosis. Peripheral plasma insulin levels were very highly correlated with glucose clearance rates in all groups both control and experimental. Mechanisms are proposed to explain these findings based on the release of lysosomal enzymes and endogenous pyrogens by phagocytizing Kupffer cells as well as the presence of insulin receptors on hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. PMID- 6989268 TI - Hydrolysis and transport of small peptides by the proximal tubule. PMID- 6989269 TI - Ventilation-induced release of prostaglandinlike material from fetal lungs. AB - Effects of indomethacin upon ventilation-induced pulmonary vasodilation of fetal goats suggest prostaglandins may be important in perinatal transition of the pulmonary circulation. To further test this hypothesis, left pulmonary arterial and pulmonary venous samples were taken before and after ventilation from anesthetized exteriorized fetal (near-term) goats and sheep utilizing, in different animals, either constant or variable left pulmonary blood flow. Characterization and quantification of prostaglandinlike compounds were accomplished utilizing extraction of acidic lipids, thin-layer chromatography, and tissue cascade bracket bioassay. The primary vascular prostaglandinlike material in both fetal and neonatal animals was PGI2-like (PGI). On passage through the fetal lung, concentrations of prostaglandin I- and E-like compounds decreased considerably. After ventilation and ligation of the umbilical cord, concentrations of both PGE2-like (PGE) and PGI in inferior vena caval blood fell, and there was net production of PGI by the newly ventilated lung. Production of PGI2 by newly ventilated lung could provide an important vasodilator influence that would establish and maintain the low pulmonary vascular resistance that is necessary for successful adaptation to extrauterine life. PMID- 6989270 TI - Lipoprotein lipase activity in rat heart and adipose tissue during endotoxic shock. AB - The present studies were designed to delineate changes in heart and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity following the administration of E. coli endotoxin. Plasma triglyceride levels were elevated in animals given endotoxin compared to saline-injected controls. Heart LPL activity decreased from 126.4 mumol fatty acid released per gram wet wt per hour in control rats to less than 22.5 mumol . g-1 . h-1 by 7 h following the injection of endotoxin. Although endotoxin was administered in doses producing 0-100% mortalities in a 24-h period, myocardial LPL activity was depressed to the same extent (75-80%) regardless of dose. The response of adipose tissue was less pronounced. Epididymal fat pad LPL activity fell significantly over the 24-h observation period in control and endotoxin-treated rats with the latter group somewhat more depressed 7 h after treatment. The findings are consistent with the suggestion that hypertriglyceridemia often observed during endotoxic shock may be related to depressed LPL activity; the degree of depression is probably tissue dependent. PMID- 6989272 TI - Contribution of Jean Maetz to the study of branchial ionic exchange. PMID- 6989273 TI - Contribution of Jean Maetz to the physiology of osmotic and ionic regulation in fish. PMID- 6989271 TI - Reninlike enzymatic activity in the cerebral microvessels of the rat. AB - Extrarenal renin has been a subject of considerable interest. Chiefly, studies have focused on brain and vascular renin activity in large arteries. A method now exists for the isolation from the cerebrum of microvascular tissues consisting of arterioles, capillaries and venules. The present study has demonstrated reninlike enzymatic activity within the cerebral microvasculature of the rat that is distinct from plasma renin activity. Maximal activity was observed at pH 4.5 with no measurable activity at pH 7.4. Activity with homologous renin substrate was only 13% of that measured with hog substrate whereas a 400-fold increase in reninlike specific activity was observed when microvessel homogenates were incubated with synthetic tetradecapeptide renin substrate. Bilateral nephrectomy did not affect microvascular reninlike activity. Pepstatin 15 nM, abolished reninlike activity in microvessel homogenates. Mean specific microvessel reninlike activity was 1.15 +/- 0.20 pg angiotensin I . microgram protein-1 . h-1 in control animals. Neither sodium depletion nor DOC-saline administrations caused a significant change in microvascular reninlike activity. It is suggested that the reninlike activity observed in microvessels is an acid protease, perhaps cathepsin D derived from lysosomes. PMID- 6989274 TI - Ion exchanges through respiratory and chloride cells in freshwater- and seawater adapted teleosteans. AB - The present study discusses the respective roles of the chloride and respiratory cells in branchial ion exchange in freshwater- and seawater-adapted teleosts. In the gill, two distinct epithelia are defined according to their blood irrigation and cellular characteristics: the primary lamellar epithelium containing mostly chloride cells is functionally connected to the venous compartment; the secondary lamellar epithelium consisting of respiratory cells is irrigated by the arterioarterial circulation. The fundamental reorganization occurring in the chloride cells during adaptation to seawater consists of the appearance of leaky ultrastructure related to an increase in the ionic and nonelectrolyte permeabilities of the primary lamellar epithelium. The physiological functions of respiration, excretion, and the maintenance of acid-base balance occur through the secondary lamellar epithelium both in freshwater and seawater fish. The increase of the exchange diffusion across the secondary lamellar epithelium on seawater adaptation is directly related to the increase in the external salinity. The study of adrenergic control in the teleost gill emphasizes the functional advantage to the fish during adaptation to seawater of the anatomic separation of the osmoregulatory primary lamellar epithelium. PMID- 6989276 TI - Seroepidemiological studies of malaria in pregnant women and newborns from coastal El Salvador. AB - A cohort of 113 women and their newborns from the coastal area of El Salvador were studied longitudinally to estimate malaria incidence and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) response to malaria infection. The district in which the study was conducted had an estimated annual parasite index of 600/1,000 inhabitants, and all malaria infections were treated immediately with a 4 aminoquinoline. In the third trimester of pregnancy, the IFA response to Plasmodium falciparum was significantly depressed. As a result of antimalarial therapy and depressed immune responsiveness, 49% (P. vivax) and 53% (P. falciparum) of the pregnant subjects had a malaria IFA titer less than 1:20 at the time of delivery. Malaria IFA crossed the placenta to the fetus with a step down of approximately a 4-fold dilution, except for the step-up noted in the P. falciparum titer for 17 of 116 newborns. Due to the overall low prevalence and intensity of maternal IFA, a titer of at least 1:20 was passed to only 23% (P. vivax) and 45% (P. falciparum) of newborns. Passively-acquired malaria IFA degraded with a half-life estimated between 43 and 52 days. During follow-up of infants to 6 months of age, no protection from malaria resulting from passively acquired antibody could be demonstrated. Because of the limited transplacental immunization of these newborns with antimalarial antibody, it appears that passive immunity can exert little effect on the incidence of infant malaria in coastal El Salvador. PMID- 6989275 TI - Psychiatry and psychotherapy: past and future. AB - The place of psychotherapeutics in psychiatry is again in question. In many ways the situation recapitulates that of the late 19th century when psychotherapeutics first came upon the medical scene. The psychiatric hegemony over psychotherapeutics was the outcome of three fierce internecine "battles", (1) the "medicalization" of psychotherapeutics (1870-1910); (2) securing the psychiatric monopoly of psychotherapeutics (1890-1930); and (3) the "medicalization" of psychoanalysis (1920-1940). Three "revolutions" in psychiatry have occurred, since the stable halcyon 1950s, that have loosened the knot which binds psychotherapeutics to psychiatry. The emergence of specific psychopharmacologic therapies, the resurgence of the laboratory tradition (behaviorism) and the community-mental-health movement have diluted the importance of psychotherapeutics in treatment and widened the therapeutic franchise. In addition, there is evidence that the function of psychotherapeutics in society is itself changing. The future of psychotherapeutics in psychiatry is discussed in light of these developments. PMID- 6989277 TI - Antigenuria in St. Louis encephalitis. AB - Patients with St. Louis encephalitis may have urinary tract symptoms when they develop manifestations related to involvement of the central nervous system. During 1976, 12 patients with St. Louis encephalitis were studied for the presence of antigenuria, and compared to controls. Although virus isolation attempts were negative indirect immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and immune electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of viral antigen in urine. Further study of antigenuria in St. Louis encephalitis is needed to delineate the pathophysiology of the lower urinary tract symptoms and to determine whether this phenomenon might furnish the basis for a rapid diagnostic test for the disease. PMID- 6989278 TI - Extended cryopreservation of Mansonella ozzardi microfilariae concentrated from human peripheral blood. AB - Microfilariae of Mansonella ozzardi, concentrated from human blood, frozen with a cryoprotectant chemical, and stored at liquid or vapor-phase liquid nitrogen temperatures were motile when thawed after 2.5 years of preservation. PMID- 6989279 TI - Presidential address. John Jeffries. Tory surgeon during the flowering of Boston medicine, 1750 to 1800. AB - Boston medicine in the period 1750 to 1800 is described, along with the life and contributions to Boston medicine and surgery of John Jeffries, a Tory surgeon. Jeffries received his medical degree in Scotland and then practiced in Boston until 1775, when he departed with the English. He eventually returned to Boston to complete an illustrious practice from 1789 to 1819. Among his other accomplishments, he and a Frenchman were the first to fly a hot air balloon across the English channel. His contributions to the development of Boston surgery and its medical societies were significant. PMID- 6989280 TI - Metal allergy and the surgical patient. AB - Allergy to metal implants is under study at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center using in vitro examination of white blood cell migration. Retrospective data from 121 patients confirm that allergic responses do occur. Prospective data are being gathered to investigate the incidence, prevalence and relation to morbidity. PMID- 6989281 TI - Experience with the EEA stapling device. AB - The EEA stapling instrument was used to perform 48 anastomoses without operative mortality. One of the 29 colorectal anastomoses developed a leak. Two intraabdominal abscesses were noted, one after an intraperitoneal colocolostomy and one after a colorectal anastomosis. No leaks were demonstrated in the 12 esophageal anastomoses. Minor bleeding that occurred in one of the colorectal anastomoses ceased spontaneously without need for transfusion. One esophageal and one colorectal anastomosis became narrowed postoperatively, but both were corrected with dilatation without further problem. In two of the very low colorectal anastomoses, transient fecal soilage occurred for 4 to 5 months postoperatively. On the basis of our experience, we believe that the EEA instruments has a definite place in gastrointestinal surgery. Its greatest virtue is that it provides a means to perform the heretofore technically difficult and frequently insecure colorectal and esophageal anastomoses with greater facility and security. PMID- 6989282 TI - Management of antacid impactions in hemodialysis and renal transplant patients. AB - Ten cases of intestinal obstruction caused by antacid impactions in renal transplant and hemodialysis patients were added to 16 reports in the literature. In six instances, operative intervention was necessary because of failure of vigorous medical therapy. Three patients who died had perforation of the colon at sites of stercoral ulceration due to firm antacid impactions. Aggressive medical and surgical management of constipation and fecal impaction is recommended. The outlook is grim once colonic perforation has occurred. PMID- 6989283 TI - [Immunofluorescent method of studying breast milk for rheumatic process activity]. PMID- 6989284 TI - Demonstration of a complement-dependent migration inhibitory activity in normal guinea pig serum. AB - A cell migration inhibitory effect was evidentiated in normal guinea pig serum as compared with heat inactivated serum. Granulocytes when used as target showed a greater sensitivity to this effect than lymphomonocytes or macrophages. The migration inhibitory activity of GPS is abrogated or decreased by using complement destroying agents such as: heating at 56 degrees C for as little as 5 min, absorption on immune complexes in presence of calcium, on zymosan, on Sephadex G-50 or by adding EDTA or heparin to culture medium. The GPS dialysation fractions while exhibiting neither complement haemolytic effect nor migration inhibitory activity when tested alone, restored these functions by recombination. Absorption of GPS on homologous blood cells abrogated the migration inhibitory effect but retained the complement haemolytic function. When GPS absorbed on homologous blood cells mixed 1:5 with heat-inactivated serum (5 min at 56 degrees C), the migration inhibitory activity was regained, suggesting that the complement factors from the first sample were necessary for manifestation for the migration inhibitory activity from the heat-inactivated serum. PMID- 6989285 TI - The history of drug inhalation: a brief overview. AB - When anesthesia made its triumphant entry more than 130 years ago, it established inhalation as a major and important route for the uptake of drugs. A brief review of the colorful history of medicinal inhalations shows that man has inhaled at least as long as written records exist, not only to sustain life but also to modify life. PMID- 6989286 TI - A serious anesthetic hazard during orthognathic surgery. PMID- 6989287 TI - Tracheobronchial cytologic changes and abnormal serum electrophoretic pattern during induced hypotension. PMID- 6989288 TI - Anesthesia Foundation Book Award. PMID- 6989289 TI - Risk of hyperkalemia in recipients of kidneys preserved with an intracellular electrolyte solution. PMID- 6989290 TI - Assessment of vaporizer performance in low-flow and closed-circuit anesthesia. AB - The performance of five of the most commonly used halothane vaporizers and three enflurane vaporizers was tested under conditions encountered in low-flow and closed-circuit anesthesia. Anesthetic gas concentrations were measured continuously with a mass spectrometer connected to a circle system. The results indicated that all of the units tested, except the Fluotec Mark II, may be adapted for use in low-flow or closed-circuit anesthesia to provide accurate amounts of potent inhalation anesthetics. One should be aware, however, that the concentration of nitrous oxide affects vaporizer output, that changes in output occur during positive-pressure ventilation, and that the output of some of the vaporizers may increase when a change from high flow to low flow is made. It is also strongly recommended that upstream oxygen flushing be abandoned in the practice of low-flow or closed-circuit anesthesia. PMID- 6989291 TI - Pancuronium and gentamicin interaction in patients with renal failure. PMID- 6989292 TI - Pharmacology of ketamine isomers in surgical patients. PMID- 6989294 TI - Leon Unger 1891-1979. PMID- 6989293 TI - Minoxidil in the treatment of refractory hypertension. AB - Minoxidil, a powerful vasodilator, is a very effective antihypertensive drug. Twenty-two patients, who were mostly refractory to conventional anti-hypertensive medication, were treated with this drug. There was a swift and definite drop of blood pressure in all cases. In 7 patients with renal disease, renal function did not deteriorate during the administration of minoxidil, and it improved dramatically in the eighth patient. Side effects of the drug were hirsutism, fluid retention, and in 1 patient a pruritic bullous erruption which disappeared when the drug was discontinued. PMID- 6989295 TI - John R. Forsythe 1908-1979. PMID- 6989296 TI - The history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - The development of modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an exciting and surprising history to modern health professionals who rarely are aware of how new CPR really is. Artificial respiration began in the 16th century with Vesalius's work on living animals; progressed with the rise and fall of mouth-to-mouth, manual, and positive pressure ventilation methods of the 18th and 19th centuries; and culminated in 1958 with demonstration of the superiority of the mouth-to mouth technique. Cardiac massage began in 1874, with the open chest method gaining ascendancy until the 1960 demonstration of the equality and greater ease of closed chest cardiac massage. Electrical defibrillation may have begun in 1775, but was not proven successful in animals internally until 1899. The technique was applied to man internally in 1947 and externally in 1956. The simultaneous use of all these modern CPR methods dates back only 20 years. PMID- 6989298 TI - Demonstration of Anaplasma marginale Theiler in ticks by tick transmission, animal inoculation, and fluorescent antibody studies. AB - Cattle were inoculated with a Virginia isolate of Anaplasma marginale Theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and D variabilis (Say) nymphs. Transstadial transmission of A marginale was demonstrated by feeding the newly molted adult ticks of both species on susceptible cattle and by inoculation of gut and salivary gland homogenates collected from adult ticks at postattachment days 5 and 7. Oral secretions collected from the same group of ticks and inoculated into a susceptible cow did not cause infection. Fluorescent antibody studies of infected tick gut and salivary glands were positive, although smears of tick oral secretions were negative for fluorescence. PMID- 6989297 TI - Demonstration of an R plasmid in a strain of Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle. AB - A strain of Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from the lungs of feedlot cattle with pneumonia was shown to be resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin. Two small, nontransmissible plasmids were shown to be responsible, for tetracycline resistance, a 5.7 X 10(6) dalton plasmid, and for streptomycin resistance, a 5.5 X 10(6) dalton plasmid. Ampicillin resistance passed by transformation to Escherichia coli could not be shown conclusively to be on a plasmid. Ampicillin resistance was shown to be mediated by means of a beta lactamase with high activity against cephaloridine. PMID- 6989299 TI - Graft versus host reactions in foals with combined immunodeficiency. AB - Nine foals with combined immunodeficiency were given hepatic and thymus cells from 68- to 110-day-old (gestational age) fetuses or peripheral blood lymphocytes from nonrelated horses. Clinical signs and lesions consistent with graft vs host reaction were observed in eight of the foals. Diarrhea was observed in these 8 foals, and ulcerative dermatitis, stomatitis, or glossitis was detected in 6 of the 8 foals. Histopathologic changes consisting of necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in liver, skin, alimentary tract, and less frequently in lymphoid tissues. Changes in complete blood counts, plasma bilirubin concentration, and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity were compared with sequential histopathologic alterations in the liver of two combined immunodeficiency foals given peripheral blood lymphocytes from unrelated donor horses. Elevations of sorbitol dehydrogenase correlated with the onset and increasing severity of hepatic lesions. PMID- 6989300 TI - Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of German Shepherd Dogs and Beagles to experimental infection with Ehrlichia canis. AB - The cell-mediated and the humoral immune responses of 12 German Shepherd Dogs and 5 Beagles inoculated with Ehrlichia canis were evaluated. Results indicated that specific and nonspecific immunosuppression due to E canis occurred in the German Shepherd Dogs. Canine leukocyte migration-inhibition factor was successfully isolated and shown to be physically and functionally similar to human and guinea pig migration inhibition factor. Of the German Shepherd Dogs, 58% developed positive cell-mediated responses; 80% of the Beagles became positive. German Shepherd Dogs that developed severe chronic ehrlichiosis did not respond to as great a degree as did the German Shepherd Dogs and Beagles with mild chronic disease. The cell-mediated responses decreased with time and disappeared by 147 days after inoculation. Humoral antibody titers in all inoculated dogs increased with time and remained at increased concentrations. Treatment of four inoculated dogs with antilymphocyte serum did not modify the course of the disease. The findings indicated that cell-mediated immunity may have a significant role in determining the course of disease in dogs infected with E canis. PMID- 6989301 TI - Antibacterial antibodies in swine colostrum. AB - Antibacterial antibody activities were examined in 138 samples of swine colostrum by O-agglutinin test with serotypes of Escherichia coli (O-6, 0-45, 0-81, 0-83, 0 115, 0-138, O-139, and O-126), Salmonella typhimurium, and Salmonella cholerae suis. The mean agglutinin titer of E coli O-83 was the highest; E coli O-115 was next highest. The mean agglutinin titer of S cholerae suis was lowest; S typhimurium was next to lowest. Correlation coefficients among these O-agglutinin titers were between 0.109 and 0.693. Correlations of S typhimurium were the poorest; those of E coli O83, E coli O-138, and S cholerae suis were also poor. By principal component analysis, it was possible to classify ten kinds of O agglutinins into four groups. The cumulative proportion of the first four principal components accounted for 77.97% of the total variance. Cumulative coefficients of factor loadings were from 65.25% to 99.50% of these O agglutinins. PMID- 6989302 TI - Canine distemper virus: review of structural and functional modulations in lymphoid tissues. PMID- 6989303 TI - Effects of oral lead on serum proteins and the development of specific antibody response in young sheep. PMID- 6989304 TI - Acute abdomen in the transplant patient. PMID- 6989305 TI - Local immune system of nasal nucosa in inflammation. IgA distribution and secretory activity. AB - The local immune system of human mucosa (inferior turbinates and nasal polyps) from 53 humans with chronic inflammation was studied by examining the distribution and secretory activity of IgA using an immunofluorescent technique. Diffuse fluorescence for IgA was observed throughout the connective tissue ground substance in every nasal turbinate and nasal polyp. In mucosa with mild inflammatory changes, most IgA seemed to be produced locally by IgA-producing plasma cells. However, in severely inflamed nasal mucosa, including nasal polyps, plasma cells were relatively fewer in number and the distribution of IgA generally corresponded to the pattern of fibrin deposition. Secretory activity of IgA in the glandular cells of nasal turbinates was well retained. Only in dilated glandular ductules in nasal polyps was the secretory activity impaired. PMID- 6989306 TI - Primary presentation of malignant lymphoma in middle ear cleft. AB - An unusual case of histiocytic type malignant lymphoma with primary presentation in the middle ear cleft in a 32-year-old female patient is reported. Despite combined surgical, radiological and chemotherapeutic treatment, the patient expired from a fulminant spread of the lymphoma 14 months after the first clinical manifestation of the disease in the right ear. PMID- 6989307 TI - Laryngeal ventricle. Historical features. AB - The author reviews some of the salient historical features related to the anatomical description of the laryngeal ventricle and its saccule. The paper is based on a translation of Morgagni's original work published in 1719. This information is presented along with a short biographical note of Morgangni's life. Only original sources were used and photographs of the original illustrations are included. PMID- 6989308 TI - [Doctor Jean Meyer (1894-1979)]. PMID- 6989309 TI - [Professor Henri Thiers (1902-1979)]. PMID- 6989311 TI - Biological dressings in burns--a review. AB - A history of the development of the various biological dressings is presented. Substances currently in use--homografts, heterografts (including amniotic membranes), collagen-based dressings, and synthetic films--are reviewed in terms of their indications for use, method of application, future, and advantages and disadvantages. PMID- 6989310 TI - [Acute generalized exanthematic pustuloses (four cases) (author's transl)]. AB - Acute generalized exanthematic pustuloses supervening without a genetic psoriatic predisposition are not exceptional if the literature over the last few years is taken into account. Such observations are published under a wide range of names. Beside exanthematic pustular psoriasis as defined by Baker and Ryan, there exists in fact a whole scale of amicrobial pustulosis: acute generalized pustular bacterid; acute generalized pustulosis manifestation of leukocytoclastic vasculitis; pustular necroziting angeitis; pustular eruption with eosinophilic abscesses; generalized pustular drug rash; subcorneal pustules in erythema multiforme and in Sweet's syndrome. Thus, it appears that pustuloses exist in many forms, although they have certain common points that justify a synthetic perspective:--their occurrence, after a bout of infection and/or after taking drugs in subjects with no previous known psoriasis;--a single outbreak occurring spontaneously or with corticoid therapy and which heals by itself;--the existence of a marked vasculitis which occurs before the epidermal pustules. Sometimes this takes the form of a leucocytoclastic vasculitis or a polymorphic infiltrate which is rich in intact eosinophils. Direct immunofluorescence shows deposits of C3 and occasionally IgM at the vascular wall. The circulating antibody-antigen complex produced by an infection and/or by a drug may be responsible of the pustulosis by a hypersensibility mechanism (type Arthus phenomen). From the existing literature and the personal observations of four cases, the authors have made a general review of these pustuloses. They believe that in the majority of cases, pustulosis should not be considered as being psoriatic. However, the authors discuss the rare but possible occurrence of such a pustulosis in patients with a genetic psoriatic predisposition. They feel it would be preferable to avoid the publication of observations under a too wide a range of names, and propose the common heading of "acute generalized exanthematic pustulosis". PMID- 6989312 TI - Scar revision. PMID- 6989314 TI - Osseous foreign body reaction in the hand. AB - We report a patient who sustained a puncture wound of the palm and developed an osteolytic metacarpal lesion probably due to an organic foreign body reaction caused by grass and wood. PMID- 6989313 TI - Origin of the use of subcuticular sutures. AB - The subcuticular suture has its origins not in the work of one individual but in that of generations of surgeons interested in obtaining the best wound healing possible. In their search for the perfect result they improvised and improved on the ideas of those preceding them. The result is an interesting lesson in medical history and a method of suturing that comes close to achieving the "invisible scar." PMID- 6989316 TI - [Pulmonary hydatid embolism. Study of two personal cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989315 TI - [The neuromuscular junction in myasthenia. Human and experimental morphological data (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989317 TI - [Is it necessary to operate on cleft lip and palate? Apropos of 1500 operations]. PMID- 6989319 TI - [Injections of liquid silicone in the United States. Interview by F. Firmin]. PMID- 6989320 TI - [Andre-Just Picaud (1908-1979)]. PMID- 6989318 TI - [Wide use of skin hemografts in the treatment of burns. The skin bank of the Regional Hospital Center of Bordeaux]. PMID- 6989321 TI - [On the 110th anniversary of the birth of V. I. Lenin]. PMID- 6989322 TI - [Express method of studying microorganism interaction on solid media]. AB - To study interaction of microogranisms on solid media, a method of agar plates with the use of replicators was elaborated and compared with that of perpendicular streaks and agar blocks. Apart from being a rapid one, the new method provides quantitative determination of the interaction of level of the microbes. The results of the method are reliable and easily reproduced. Out of the 3 procedures considered the method of agar plates is most sensitive and precise. PMID- 6989323 TI - [Use of Ceporin after a cadaveric kidney allograft]. AB - Cephaloridin (ceporin of "Pliva", Yugoslavia) was used in the treatment of patients after allotransplantation of the kidney from a cadaver during the early postoperative period with a purpose of prevention (5 patients) and therapy of complications, such as pneumonia (7 patients), sepsis (3 patients), pyelonephritis of the transplanted kidney (4 patients). The drug levels in the blood serum and urine were determined 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours after the administration. The drug was used with regard for the transplant function estimated by the data of the glomerular filtration and concentration of the nitrous residues in the blood. The antibiotic dose depended on the transplant function. The study provided some recommendations as for the ceporin use in therapy of such population of patients. PMID- 6989324 TI - [Antibiotic properties of the triterpene glycosides from marine animals of the class Holothuroidea]. PMID- 6989325 TI - Erythropoietic protoporphyria with hepatic cirrhosis. AB - Cholestatic jaundice and rapidly deteriorating hepatic function developed in a 19 year-old man with a lifelong history of photosensitivity. Laboratory studies revealed the characteristic increased erythrocyte and fecal protoporphyrin levels of erythropoietic protoporphyria. Progressive hepatic failure was treated by orthotopic liver transplantation six months after the first clinical indication of hepatic dysfunction. Characteristic light microscopic, fluorescence microscopic, and electron microscopic findings of erythropoietic protoporphyria were present in skin and liver. Four weeks after liver transplantation, the patient died of disseminated candidiasis. At autopsy, the donor liver had no microscopic evidence of protoporphyrin accumulation, although tissue protoporphyrin levels were mildly elevated. PMID- 6989326 TI - Annular erythema as an unusual manifestation of chronic disseminated lupus erythematosus. AB - Numerous annular erythematous lesions developed in a 47-year-old woman, involving most of the integument. Thorough clinical, histopathologic, and immunopathologic investigations confirmed the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus. Unusual clinical, histologic, and immunofluorescence microscopy patterns emerged during the course of the disease, which was resistant to treatment. PMID- 6989327 TI - Bullous eruption of diabetes mellitus. Bullosis diabeticorum. PMID- 6989328 TI - An improved technique for the study of lymph nodes in surgical specimens. AB - The importance of the meticulous study by pathologists of the lymph nodes in surgical specimens is emphasized. Most pathologists identify only a small proportion of the lymph nodes in these specimens and valuable prognostic information is lost. Data illustrating the evolution in the Columbia Laboratory of surgical pathology of methods used to study surgical lymph node specimens over a 44-year period (1935--1979) are reviewed. An improved method of clearing the specimens of axillary dissections in radical mastectomy finds more lymph nodes and more metastases, and greatly shortens the time required for clearing. The importance of identifying metastases in the interpectoral nodes is emphasized. In a special study with our new clearing technique metastases were found in the interpectoral nodes in 19% of the radical mastectomy specimens. These nodes are not removed in the modified operation, which does not include resection of the pectoral muscles. The opportunity to cure a substantial proportion of patients is thus lost. PMID- 6989329 TI - Presidential address: reflections on the early development of portacaval shunts. PMID- 6989330 TI - Detrimental effects of removing end-expiratory pressure prior to endotracheal extubation. AB - Patients recovering from acute respiratory insufficiency are usually not extubated until they can ventilate adequately while breathing spontaneously at ambient end-expiratory pressure (T-tube). It is hypothesized that this period of T-tube breathing might be detrimental to gas exchange since the endotracheal tube abolishes the expiratory retard produced by the glottis and thereby inhibits the patient's ability to maintain adequate functional residual capacity (FRC). To test this hypothesis, pulmonary function of 17 patients was compared during T tube breathing and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and after extubation. Intrapulmonary shunt was higher (p less than 0.05) and arterial PO2 and FRC were lower (p less than 0.05) during T-tube breathing than during CPAP or after extubation. In contrast, shunt, PaO2 and FRC were similar during CPAP and after extubation. Furthermore, after extubation there was an increase (p less than 0.05) in mean expiratory airway pressure as compared to T-tube breathing. A comparison of patients extubated from T-tube with patients extubated from CPAP showed no difference in postextubation shunt, PaO2 or FRC. These data suggest that endotracheal intubation should be accompanied by low levels of CPAP and that patients should be extubated directly from CPAP. The practice of placing patients in T-tube prior to extubation should be abandoned as unnecessary and potentially harmful. PMID- 6989331 TI - Primary lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma represents approximately 1% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. Gastric involvement is more common than small or large intestine and carries a better prognosis. Abdominal pain and weight loss may be the only manifestations and may be present for months or years before the diagnosis is made. Perforation and obstruction occur infrequently. Multiple tumors constitute 8% of cases. Although barium studies and endoscopy reveal the lesion in a high percentage of cases, exploratory celiotomy is not infrequently required for diagnosis. Only one-third of lymphomas are confined to the bowel at laparotomy. Histologically one-third are reticulum cell sarcomas and the remainder lymphosarcoma or lymphocytic lymphoma. Five year survival overall was 38%. Curative resections yielded a survival of 60% regardless of site while palliative resections offered only a 17% chance of cure. As expected, survival was inversely proportional to extent of nodal spread. Postoperative radiotherapy is recommended for residual disease. PMID- 6989332 TI - Diagnosis of impaired renal function after kidney transplantation using renal scintigraphy, renal plasma flow and urinary excretion of hippurate. AB - The use of 131I-orthiodohippurate (OIH) scintigraphy combined with the estimated renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretion index (EI) has been beneficial in separating impaired renal function due to graft rejection from acute tubular necrosis, ureteral obstruction, urinary extravasation and in some instances renal artery occlusion. The radionuclide data accurately identified acute and chronic rejection, confirmed by the clinical course, increase in BUN and serum creatinine and on occasion renal biopsy. Reversible and irreversible acute tubular necrosis (ATN) were clearly differentiated from acute rejection. When the ERPF and EI were plotted on a graph, multiple sequential radionuclide studies accurately predicted graft survival when chronic rejection existed. The limitation of this technique was the inability to discriminate between renal artery stenosis, ureteral obstruction and inflammatory disease. Scintigraphic studies did not distinguish between renal artery stenosis and chronic rejection. In these circumstances arteriography was the diagnostic procedure of choice. Although ureteral obstruction often can be correctly diagnosed by scintigrams, the ERPF, EI and intravenous pyelogram remained the most accurate diagnostic procedures. Recurrent glomerulonephritis, gram negative septicemia and generalized viral illness (herpes zoster or cytomegalovirus) simulated acute rejection and had to be separated by renal biopsy or the clinical course. The most valuable features of the radionuclide technique included: 1) the noninvasive method, 2) the simplicity, 3) the rapidity and 4) the reproducibility. PMID- 6989333 TI - The role of various risk factors in living related donor renal transplant success. AB - Assessment of living related donor (LRD) survival statistics offers the opportunity to gauge the effects of recipient characteristics without the perturbations of viability, function, and antigen sharing that are inherent in cadaveric organ grafting. From January 1, 1969 to January 1, 1979, 167 LRD grafts were performed. Crude patient survival at one year is 92% and 84% at five years. Graft function at one year is 79%, and at five years it is 64%. One year patient survival has steadily improved: 1969-73: 83%, 1973-75: 91%, 1975-79: 98%. Graft survival improved during the first two periods and has since remained unchanged. HLA identical grafts showed the expected advantage compared with single haplotype grafts (93 vs 74%). Recipient age was without effect until 50 years, all younger subgroups having one-year patient survival of 92-95%, while those older than 50 had a one-year survival of 60%. Juvenile diabetes was associated with a one-year patient survival of 85% and graft survival of 74%. Glomerulonephritis did not affect early graft survival statistics, but there was a greater frequency of graft loss after 2.5 years, with function at five years of 51 versus 68% for recipients with all other diagnoses. Cadaveric graft statistics vary with recipient race when adjusted to exclude older patients and diabetics, white recipient one-year graft survival 74%, black 38%. No meaningful difference exists among LRD recipients as to graft function, but there is a trend toward improved black patient survival. This suggests that there is not an inherent difference in immune response to genetically similar grafts, but that the disparate results with racially mixed donor-recipient combinations rests with other factors. PMID- 6989334 TI - Cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and common duct stenosis in children and adolescents. AB - A study of 100 patients from 14 months through 18 years of age with extrahepatic biliary tract conditions who have been treated from 1950 through 1979 is reported. For discussion, these have been classified into four groups including acalculous cholecystitis, nonhemolytic cholelithiasis, hemolytic cholelithiasis and stenosis of the common duct. Ninety-nine patients were operated on and there were no deaths. Except for unusual contraindications, cholecystectomy is preferred for acute noncalculous cholecystitis. The largest number having gallstones were those patients (87%) without hemolytic disease. Only 13% had an associated hemolytic disorder. Cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment and common duct exploration is utilized when indicated. Six children with chronic relapsing pancreatitis secondary to stenosis of the ampulla of Vater and two with common duct stenosis are analyzed. Although extrahepatic biliary disorders are usually not considered in the differential diagnosis of children and adolescents with vague abdominal pain, it is evident by this large number of patients that there should be greater emphasis placed on earlier diagnosis in the future. PMID- 6989336 TI - Ribonuclease activity during G1 arrest of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - When cells of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were deprived of nitrogen, a condition leading to G1 arrest, there was an immediate increase in the levels of total ribonuclease (RNase) activity within these cells. During starvation, only the cells arrested in G1 showed increased RNase activity. Although the RNase activities of extracts of starved and actively growing cells were similarly influenced by pH, the activities of starved cells were less stable on both storage and heating. Differences were also noted in substrate specificity. The results of this study suggest that arrest within G1 may increase RNase activity. However, all RNases did not appear to be influenced equally, since the total pool of RNase activity from log phase and G1 arrested cells showed differences in stability and substrate specificity. PMID- 6989335 TI - Functions related to the receptor protein specified by the tsx gene of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6989337 TI - Effect of growth temperature upon heat sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The resistance of exponentially growing yeast cells to killing by exposure to 52 degrees C increase markedly as the growth temperature was increased. Identical killing curves were obtained for cells suspended in growth medium or in 0.9% saline. Cells resistant to killing at 52 degrees C were quite sensitive to killing at slightly higher temperatures. These results suggest a primary role for membrane damage in the mechanism of heat killing. PMID- 6989339 TI - Immunocytochemical identification of trichomonads. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the more common pathogens of the genitourinary tract. Morphologic studies of trichomonal infections, however, have been hampered by the fragile nature of these thin-walled flagellates and the lack of specific histochemical procedures to identify the fragmented organisms found in tissue sections. These limitations have usually restricted positive identification to smears of freshly obtained specimens. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, a rabbit antiserum specific for Trichomonas organisms was produced by repeated subcutaneous injections of a documented strain of T vaginalis maintained in vitro. Using this antiserum, immunoperoxidase techniques have been modified so that trichomonads have been clearly identified both in smears and in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. This method seems to be useful in establishing the presence of these organisms in tissue and may subsequently contribute to the histopathologic definition of trichomoniasis in man. PMID- 6989341 TI - [1,3-thiazines, X: Attempted synthesis of fungitoxic hydrophilic 2 thioxotetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-4-ones (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989340 TI - Denervating changes in focal myositis, a benign inflammatory pseudotumor. AB - Focal myositis is a benign pseudotumor of skeletal muscle, the cause of which is obscure. It usually appears as a steadily enlarging mass within the muscle of an extremity. The pathologic features are those of an inflammatory myopathy in which lymphocytic infiltrates, muscle cell necrosis, and regeneration are seen. Four cases of focal myositis were studied using enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy. The changes of denervation atrophy, reinnervation, and fiber hypertrophy were found. Intramuscular nerve damage manifested by axonal swelling, demyelination, and endoneurial fibrosis was evident. The findings suggest that a denervating process plays an important role in the pathogenesis of focal myositis. PMID- 6989342 TI - [Structure dependance of antiplasmodic activity of 3-[N-(4 amidosulfonylphenyl)aminomethyl]-quinoline (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989338 TI - Giant cell myocarditis. AB - Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) as a distinct disease entity has been questioned. The superficial morphologic resemblance to cardiac sarcoidosis and incomplete histopathologic assessment of extracardiac organ systems in reported cases has suggested that GCM represents a predominant cardiac manifestation of generalized sarcoidosis. The morphologic and immunocytochemical features at autopsy of this rare disorder were seen in a 15-year-old boy. All other organs were free of granulomatous inflammation. Transition from normal myocardial fibers to giant cells was observed, without a limiting plasma membrane between the two different aspects of the fiber. Immunocytochemistry for cytoplasmic muramidase (CM) showed CM in neutrophils and tissue macrophages. Cytoplasmic muramidase was distinctly absent from the characteristic giant cells. The classification of GCM as a disease separate from generalized sarcoidosis may be justified. PMID- 6989343 TI - Muscle blood flow changes in response to 915 MHz diathermy with surface cooling as measured by Xe133 clearance. PMID- 6989345 TI - Richard E. Verville awarded Gold Key for 1979. PMID- 6989346 TI - The case of the skunk boat. PMID- 6989344 TI - Positive pressure respiratory assist for wheelchair-mobile persons. AB - A compact, lightweight, battery-powered respiratory has been developed that fits under a wheelchair lapboard. The device eliminates the need for a mouthpiece, tracheal tube or similar interface. Its operation is based on pressurizing the viscera to compress the lungs and force exhalation. The system has been used continuously for over 9 months for as long as 9 hours/day. PMID- 6989347 TI - Urokinase immobilized on medical polymeric materials: fundamental and clinical studies. AB - One of the methods of preparing an antithrombogenic material is to immobilize a fibrinolytic enzyme on the surface of a carrier. The clinical trial of such a material must be subject to not only a basic study on the quality of a carrier, the technique of immobilization, and the method of disinfection, but also an in vivo study on its antithrombotic effect. Reported herein is the evaluation of the fibrinolytic ability, at fundamental and clinical levels, of the urokinase that was immobilized on the surface of various polymeric materials. The results were favorable. PMID- 6989348 TI - Glaucoma due to endothelialization of the anterior chamber angle. A comparison of posterior polymorphous dystrophy of the cornea and Chandler's syndrome. AB - Posteroir polymorphous dystrophy (PPMD) and Chandler's syndrome are separate ocular diseases with certain clinical features in common. Both may cause endothelial dystrophy, corneal edema, iridocorneal adhesions, and glaucoma. Differences between the two disorders include the morphology of the endothelial dystrophy, hereditary transmission, laterality, and rate of progression. Histopathologic examination of trabeculectomy and iridectomy specimens from two patients with Pmd and one patient with Chandler's syndrome disclosed a common basic pathologic process--endothelialization of the anterior chamber angle. Ectopic corneal endothelium and abnormal Descemet's membrane extended across the trabecular meshwork and onto the anterior surface of the iris. The appearance of the endothelial cells, however, was strikingly different in the two conditions. The endothelial cells in PPMD had ultrastructural characteristics of epithelial cells. Those in Chandler's syndrome were degenerated but retained ultrastructural features of endothelial cells. PMID- 6989349 TI - Reclassification of intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma (histiocytic lymphoma). Immunologic characterization of vitreous cells. AB - Systemic and orbital reticulum cell sarcomas (RCSs) have been shown to be derived from lymphocytes, not reticulum cells or histiocytes, by immunologic and cytochemical characterization. Unfortunately, until now it has not been technically possible to study intraocular RCS. We have been able to immunologically characterize a primary intraocular RCS in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (ie, Richter's syndrome), establishing its origin from B lymphocytes. A review of the clinical course of such tumors indicates that primary intraocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is usually a manifestation of a systemic neoplasm of the immune system. PMID- 6989350 TI - Myospherulosis: a preventable iatrogenic nasal and paranasal entity. AB - We discuss a disorder that, although at first considered of possible fungal origin, now is known to be due to an alteration of erythrocytes induced by petrolatum-based antibiotic ointment. In this country, the structures of myospherulosis have been seen most often in tissues from the nose and paranasal sinuses following surgery in this region. Our studies show that both components of the vehicle of a commonly used tetracycline antibiotic ointment, lanolin and petrolatum, either separately or together, produce the structures of myospherulosis in vitro. It is recommended that a nonpetrolatum-based substance be used in nasal packing for purposes of hemostasis. PMID- 6989351 TI - The dental application of electroformed pure gold. II. A. Porcelain inlay. B. Cast copings with adaptable electroformed gold margins. AB - A technique for electroforming pure gold margins on the abutment castings of bridge substructures made from gold alloys or base metals alloys has been described. The margin of gold can be burnished to compensate for errors inherent in the production of these castings and ceramic procedures. A modification of this procedure permits marginal adjustment to completed crowns and bridges with deficient margins. PMID- 6989352 TI - Mouthguards for edentulous patients. AB - There are occasions when fully edentulous patients require mouthguards. The following paper describes both the constructions of a full upper and a lower denture-mouthguard and a case report involving such a prosthesis. PMID- 6989353 TI - Agoraphobia: the clinical problem. AB - The symptoms of agoraphobia can vary from those which a person may accept as being consistent with the everyday anxiety of living, to those which provide a barrier to the participation of an individual in any outside activities whatsoever. These symptoms, while classically presenting with the affective state of anxiety, may sometimes become manifest in such a way that cardiovascular, respiratory or other somatic pathology is suspected. PMID- 6989354 TI - Education in the computer era. PMID- 6989355 TI - U.S. Army Air Forces Flight Nurses: training and pioneer flight. AB - Army flight nurses within the United States Army Air Forces were pioneers in a field of nursing which has become a highly specialized branch within the United States Air Force Nurse Corps. The first Army flight nurses overcame many obstacles in the line of duty while contributing their efforts to saving lives through a new method of transportation for the sick and wounded. This historical study highlights the training of the first Army flight nurses and the participation of one Army nurse. Lt. Elsie S. Ott, in a pioneer air evacuation flight from India to the United States. PMID- 6989356 TI - Margaret Mead. PMID- 6989357 TI - The swift increase in alcohol metabolism. Time course for the increase in hepatic oxygen uptake and the involvement of glycolysis. AB - Gastric intubation of female Sprague-Dawley rats with 5 g of ethanol/kg body wt. nearly doubled oxygen uptake by the isolated perfused rat liver maximally after only 2.5 h of treatment (Swift Increase in Alcohol Metabolism). Inhibition of enhanced oxygen uptake by KCN (2mM) and 4-methylpyrazole (0.8 mM) suggested the involvement of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and alcohol dehydrogenase in this phenomenon. Glycolysis was depressed after ethanol treatment. Diminished ATP generation via glycolysis accounts for a portion (23-50%) of the increased oxygen uptake, assuming that other rates of biosynthesis remain constant. Injection of adrenaline (2 mg/kg) 1 h before perfusion mimicked partially the action of ethanol on hepatic oxygen uptake. The increases produced by ethanol and adrenaline were not additive, suggesting that adrenaline is involved in the action of ethanol. Moreover, the increase in hepatic oxygen uptake produced by 2.5 h of ethanol treatment could be blocked by either alpha-(phenoxybenzamine; 40 mg/kg) or beta-(propranolol; 40 mg/kg) adrenergic blocking agents. Blood glucose increased after ethanol treatment, supporting the involvement of glycogenolytic hormones in this effect. These data indicate that at least part of the stimulated oxygen uptake after treatment with ethanol is a result of lower rates of glycolytic ATP generation resulting from hormone (e.g. adrenaline etc.) action. The ADP not phosphorylated in the cytosol enters the mitochondria, where it stimulates oxygen uptake. PMID- 6989360 TI - The effect of nitrofurantoin on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in plant mitochondria. AB - Nitrofurantoin (1-([(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene]amino)imidazolidine-2,4-dione), a widely used drug and also a well-known bacterial mutagen, inhibits DNA synthesis in mitochondria from 48 h etiolated seedlings of Vigna sinensis (Linn.) Savi (snake bean). The effect appears at the level of the uptake of radioactive deoxynucleoside triphosphates by the plant mitochondria. Nitrofurantoin does not inhibit DNA synthesis in vitro by homogeneous Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase from avian-myeloblastosis virus. No specific nitroreductase activity could be detected in mitochondria. PMID- 6989358 TI - 2-oxocarboxylic acids and function of pancreatic islets in obese-hyperglycaemic mice. Insulin secretion in relation to 45Ca uptake and metabolism. AB - The effects of aliphatic 2-oxocarboxylic acids, at concentrations of up to 40mm, on the function of pancreatic islets from ob/ob (obese-hyperglycaemic) mice were investigated. 1. 2-Oxopentanoate, dl-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate and 2-oxohexanoate all induced insulin release by isolated incubated islets and a biphasic insulin-secretory pattern in perfused mouse pancreas. The last two substances were similar in potency to glucose. Pyruvate, 2 oxobutyrate, 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate and 2-oxo-octanoate did not induce insulin release significantly. 2. 2-Oxocarboxylic acids with significant insulin secretory potency also induced significant (45)Ca uptake by isolated incubated islets. 3. The rates of decarboxylation of [1-(14)C]pyruvate, 3-methyl-2-oxo[1 (14)C]butyrate and 4-methyl-2-oxo[1-(14)C]pentanoate were twice as high as the rates of oxidation of the corresponding U-(14)C-labelled compounds. However, whereas the rates of metabolism of labelled pyruvate and 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate steadily increased over the concentration range 1-40mm, those of labelled 4 methyl-2-oxopentanoate and d-[U-(14)C]glucose levelled off at concentrations above 10mm. 4. Omission of (40)CaCl(2) from the incubation medium reduced the rate of oxidation of the insulin secretagogue [U-(14)C]4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, but left that of the non-(insulin secretagogue) [U-(14)C]3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate unaffected. 5. Only glucose, and not pyruvate, 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate and 4 methyl-2-oxopentanoate, significantly inhibited oxidation of endogenous fatty acids. 6. It is suggested that stimulus-secretion coupling and the resulting exocytosis of insulin in pancreatic beta-cells may modulate both fuel oxidation and (45)Ca uptake. PMID- 6989359 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. Metabolism of glucose in K+-deprived islets. AB - 1. When pancreatic islets were exposed to a K(+)-free medium, the intracellular concentration of K(+) was decreased and that of Na(+) increased. 2. In the K(+) deprived islets, the utilization of [5-(3)H]glucose, output of lactic acid and oxidation of [U-(14)C]-glucose were decreased by about 30-40% below the control values found at normal extracellular K(+) concentration (5.0mm). However, the oxidation of [U-(14)C]pyruvate was unaffected. 3. The omission of extracellular K(+) little affected the production of (14)CO(2) from islets prelabelled with [U (14)C]palmitate and incubated in the absence of glucose, despite the fact that K(+) deprivation significantly increased the ATP concentration and ATP/ADP concentration ratio in the glucose-deprived islets. 4. At normal K(+) concentration, glucose increased the concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate, NAD(P)H and ATP in the islets. In the glucose-stimulated islets, the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate, but not that of either NAD(P)H or ATP, was higher in the absence than in the presence of extracellular K(+). In islet homogenates, the activity of pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) was stimulated by K(+) (optimal activity at 100-150mm-K(+)) and inhibited by Na(+) (except at very low K(+) concentrations). 5. K(+) could be replaced by NH(4) (+), Rb(+), Cs(+) or Na(+) to maintain, at least to some extent, pyruvate kinase activity in islet homogenates. Addition of Rb(+) or Cs(+), but not NH(4) (+), to K(+)-deprived media also increased [U-(14)C]glucose oxidation by intact islets. 6. The omission of K(+) did not cause any obvious anomaly in the apparent dependency of (45)Ca(2+) net uptake on NAD(P)H concentration in the islets. 7. These data suggest that the coupling between metabolic and ionic events in the islet cells involves feedback mechanisms through which glucose oxidation may be modulated by cationic factors. PMID- 6989362 TI - 125I-transfer catalysed by microsomes. PMID- 6989363 TI - The interaction of phosphonate and homophosphonate analogues of 3-deoxy-D-arabino heptulosonate 7-phosphate with 3-dehydroquinate synthetase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6989361 TI - Net hepatic and splanchnic metabolism of lactate, pyruvate and propionate in dairy cows in vivo in relation to lactation and nutrient supply. AB - 1. Circulating concentrations of glucose, propionate, lactate and pyruvate, and net exchange of these compounds across the liver and gut, were measured in lactating and non-lactating dairy cows (a) in the normal fed state, (b) before, during and after intravenous infusion of an aqueous solution of glucose, propionate or lactate (lactating cows only) in fed animals, and (c) before and during 6 days of food deprivation. 2. In the normal fed state, gut output of propionate, hepatic output of glucose and hepatic uptake of lactate were all higher in the lactating group. There was a net uptake of pyruvate across the liver in the lactating cows and a net output in the non-lactating cows. In the lactating cows there was a net uptake of lactate and pyruvate by the splanchnic bed (i.e. gut and liver combined). 3. In the lactating cows, the glucose and propionate infusions had the following effects: decrease in net hepatic uptake of lactate; a switch in pyruvate exchange across the liver from uptake to output; suppression of uptake of lactate and pyruvate by the splanchnic bed; increase in the magnitude of the liver (propionate uptake)/(glucose output) ratio. Lactate infusion did not affect hepatic propionate uptake. 4. Food deprivation increased hepatic extraction of lactate and pyruvate and decreased the liver (propionate uptake)/(glucose output) ratio in both groups. 5. It is concluded that mechanisms exist to ensure an inverse relationship between the availability to the cow of glucose or propionate and utilization by the splanchnic bed of endogenously derived lactate and pyruvate. PMID- 6989364 TI - Survey of plants for enterokinase inhibitors. PMID- 6989365 TI - Lack of inhibition of glutathione reductase by unnitrated derivatives of nitrofurantoin. PMID- 6989366 TI - The mitogenic principle of Escherichia coli lipoprotein: B-lymphocyte mitogenicity of N-palmitoyl-cysteine and N-palmitoyl-glutamic acid alpha-methyl ester. PMID- 6989369 TI - Improvement of tissue perfusion with inhibitors of calcium ion influx. PMID- 6989367 TI - Effect of vinblastine on the insulin-receptor interaction in mammalian heart muscle. PMID- 6989368 TI - Histamine stimulate prostacyclin synthesis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PMID- 6989370 TI - Antilipolytic action of insulin in the perifused fat cell system. PMID- 6989371 TI - Effects of PG E2 and PG I2 on the adenylate cyclase activity in rat intestinal epithelial cells. PMID- 6989372 TI - The specificity and clinical usefulness of the lupus band test. AB - Granular deposition of immunoglobulin at the dermoepidermal junction is characteristic, but not pathognomonic, of lupus erythematosus. When rigid criteria for the lumpus band test are used, a positive result is highly specific. A positive band test is found in clinically normal skin and lesional skin of systemic lupus patients, and in lesional skin of discoid lupus patients. A positive band test is found infrequently in clinically normal skin of patients with other connective tissue disorders. Cutaneous lupus may be difficult to separate from other morphologically similar disorders. The lupus band test is useful in differential diagnosis because other disorders have either a specific pattern of immunoglobulin deposition or no immunoglobulin deposition. The mechanisms of immunoglobulin deposition at the epidermal basement membrane zone are discussed as well as pertinent clinical correlations of the positive band test. PMID- 6989373 TI - Plasma exchange therapy of a childhood onset dermatomyositis patient. PMID- 6989374 TI - [The effect of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on glucose tolerance, insulin activity and insulin elimination from the blood]. PMID- 6989375 TI - Study of the chronic toxicity of D 53 by aerosol. One-year observation. PMID- 6989376 TI - Evaluation trial of respiratory bacterial prophylaxis by a ribosomal vaccine. Multicentric double blind study. PMID- 6989378 TI - [New 5'-sulfurated nucleosides as inhibitors of the biosynthesis of polyamines]. AB - The inhibitory effect of the deaminated analogs of S-adenosyl(5')-3 methylthiopropylamine on spermidine synthase (EC 2.5.1.16.) from E. coli, AdoMet decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50.) from human placenta and E. coli and AdoMet lyase (EC 3.3.1.-) from rat liver have been reported. 5'-isobutylthioadenosine, a new powerful antiproliferative drug has been assayed as substrate of MTA phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1). The apparent Km is 1,8x10(-5) M. The inhibitory effect of 5'-isobutylthiadenosine on AdoMet lyase and spermidine synthase was also demonstrated. PMID- 6989377 TI - Changes in the fatty acid composition of the plasma lipid esters during lipid lowering treatment with diet, clofibrate and niceritrol. Reduction of the proportion of linoleate by clofibrate but not by niceritrol. AB - The fatty acid composition of the plasma lipid esters has been studied during lipid-lowering treatment of 95 patients with atherosclerotic disease. During the first two months of the trial only a diet was prescribed. During the ensuing two months either clofibrate or niceritrol, a nicotinic acid ester, was added in a randomized order. During the last two months the second drug was added. The combined treatment with diet, clofibrate and niceritrol caused highly significant serum lipid reductions. The fatty acid composition in the plasma lipid esters was determined in samples from each trial period to measure the degree of dietary adherence. During dietary treatment the relative content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids secreased and the polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with an increasing ratio between pulyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) in the cholesterol esters and triglycerides. Only minor changes were seen in the phospholipids. The changes caused by the diet were partly reversed by clofibrate while niceritrol did not cause any major changes of the fatty acid composition. Clofibrate treatment coincided with increasing amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleate (18 : 1), in the cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phospholipids while there were significant reductions of the content of linoleic (18 : 2) acid in both the cholesterol esters and triglycerides. The 18 : 2/18 : 1 ratio decreased significantly in all the lipid esters analyzed. However, the P/S ratio was not significantly affected, partly because the relative content of saturated fatty acids also tended to decrease during clofibrate treatment. It is concluded that addition of clofibrate treatment to patients who are on a diet enriched with polyunsaturated fats is associated with a change from polyunsaturated to monounsaturated fatty acids in the plasma lipid esters but does not significantly effect the ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. The fatty acid changes caused by clofibrate treatment and counteracted by an increased amount of polyunsaturated fat in the diet. PMID- 6989379 TI - [Surgical treatment of occlusive cerebrovascular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989380 TI - Ventilatory management of neonates undergoing surgery. A review of the first 3 years' experience in a neonatal surgical intensive care unit. AB - The results of the ventilatory management of babies, obtained in the first 3 years of a neonatal surgical intensive care unit, are assessed. Overall mortality figures and detailed examination of the cause of death in individual diagnostic groups support a selective approach to intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) based mainly on clinical criteria. The adoption of a policy of prophylactic IPPV after operation would achieve virtually no improvement in mortality. PMID- 6989381 TI - Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline and plasma renin activity during extradural blockade in dogs. AB - Anaesthetized dogs (pentobarbitone 25 mg kg-1 + 3 mg kg-1 h-1) with a Teflon catheter inserted to the femoral artery for pressure and heart rate measurement and blood sampling were studied. Extradural puncture was carried out at L7--S1 under x-ray control and 2% lignocaine (1 ml min-1) infused for approximately 10 min. During extradural block a decrease in arterial pressure was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in plasma noradrenaline concentration (NA) and a compensatory increase in plasma renin activity (PRA), which became significant 15 min after commencing the block when the arterial pressure was at the minimum. Dihydroergotamine (DHE) led to a rapid reversal of the hypotension with no change in heart rate and a decrease in PRA. Hypovolaemia (blood loss 5 ml kg-1) was induced before and during block, respectively, in two further experimental groups. Increased NA and PRA were found under hypovolaemia without extradural block, but only PRA increased with hypovolaemia and a block. The effects of DHE in the later studies were comparable to those observed in the initial study. PMID- 6989382 TI - Single-cell immunofluorescence assay for terminal transferase: human leukaemic and non-leukaemic cells. AB - The characteristics of a single-cell immunofluorescence assay for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (terminal transferase, TdT) is described. The data indicate that the single-cell immunofluorescence assay is highly efficient and specific for the detection of cells containing TdT. Using this assay, we have examined 124 marrow or peripheral-blood samples from 104 patients with or without haematological malignancies. Results indicate that TdT(+) cells from 6% to 100% were found in the following patients: 34/40 samples from patients with ALL at the time of diagnosis or during relapse; 2/3 patients with acute undifferentiated leukaemia; 2/3 patients with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia; 1/24 patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia; 1/5 patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) in blastic crisis; and 2/2 patients with diffuse lymphoblastic lymphoma. In contrast less than 1% of TdT(+) cells were found in 20 marrow or peripheral-blood samples from ALL patients in complete remission; 8 patients with CML in chronic phase; 2 patients with myeloma; 1 sample from a patient with Hodgkin's disease, peripheral-blood samples from 7 normal donors and marrow samples from 6 patients without haematological malignancies. TdT(+) cells were also found in association with cells with lymphoblast morphology. The TdT(+) cells in marrow were shown to be directly correlated with the percentage of morphological lymphoblasts, with a Spearman rank coefficient of 0.81, significant at a 0.001 level. In 2 longitudinal studies of 2 ALL patients with TdT(+) cells at diagnosis, the percentage TdT(+) cells also changed in parallel with the proportion of lymphoblasts. However, studies of 2 other patients with morphologically diagnosed ALL with < 1% TdT(+) cells at diagnosis also showed < 1% TdT(+) cells throughout the period studied, indicating a stable phenotype of blast cells in these patients. The single-cell immunofluorescence assay for TdT, which requires < 0.1% of the cells used in a conventional biochemical assay, is highly specific, and could provide a technically more efficient alternative for use in clinics as well as in experimental investigations of subpopulations of leukaemic and normal marrow cells. PMID- 6989383 TI - Antigens of gastric and intestinal mucous cells in human colonic tumours. AB - Using immunofluorescence methods, 3 antisera respectively stain 3 groups of mucous cells of the human gastrointestinal tract, showing specific antigens for each group of cells. The antigens of the first group, the M1 antigens, were principally associated with columnar cells of the gastric epithelium, the M2 antigens with mucous cells of gastric and Brunner's glands, and the M3 antigen with the goblet cells of the intestinal mucosa. The gastric M antigens normally detectable in stomach and duodenum (but not in colon) were expressed in certain colonic tumours (benign or malignant) and in adjacent mucosa. They are always present with the intestinal M3 antigen. In 100 colonic adenocarcinomas, the intestinal M3 antigen was found in 53 cases, gastric M1 antigens in 29 cases, and gastric M2 antigens in 10 cases, always with the two other M antigens. A good correlation could be established between the association of M antigens and the histological type of tumour. PMID- 6989384 TI - Another oncofoetal antigen in colonic carcinoma. PMID- 6989385 TI - Proliferative response to fluid injection in psoriatic and normal human epidermis. AB - Feulgen-DNA cytophotometry revealed that human epidermal cell proliferation is regulated at a pre-DNA synthetic phase and can be perturbed by mild trauma. Although uninvolved psoriatic skin appears clinically normal, its hypersensitivity indicates abnormal proliferative behaviour and may serve as a marker of latent disease. PMID- 6989386 TI - Immunohistochemical findings in a patient with penicillamine pemphigus. AB - This report describes the immunofluorescence (IF) findings in sequential skin biopsies and serum obtained during a follow-up study of a patient who developed pemphigus lesions after D-penicillamine treatment of arthritis. The distribution in the skin of IgG, IgM and C3 varied with the date, type and site of the biopsy sample. Thus IF patterns showed features of (a) pemphigus vulgaris, (b) pemphigus foliaceus and (c) pemphigus erythematosus. Indirect IF examination indicated the presence of circulating intercellular epithelial antibody of both the IgG and IgM class. PMID- 6989388 TI - Science and psychotherapy: the state of the art. AB - Training and practice within British clinical psychology are profoundly influenced by the belief that behavioural psychotherapy has been shown as more effective than verbal psychotherapy in the treatment of disorders for which both claim utility. A review of the comparative outcome evidence shows that this belief is largely unfounded. Taken together with the growing theoretical convergence between verbal and behavioural approaches, this negative result from comparative outcome studies has important implications for the future development of psychotherapy research, training and practice. More precise and sophisticated research strategies are required to identify the therapeutic ingredients of the psychotherapies, whether these be common to many approaches or specific to particular treatment modes. Closer integration between clinical and research activities in all forms of psychotherapy is necessary. Clinical psychologists should be trained in a variety of behavioural and verbal methods, and in the research methodologies necessary to evaluate and develop these methods. If the challenge of the present state of evidence is not evaded, then we may eventually supersede crude global comparisons, with precise specification of interventions appropriate for given populations. PMID- 6989387 TI - Procedures for screening chemicals for carcinogenicity. PMID- 6989389 TI - Phenomenological psychology and schizophrenia as explored by Erwin Strauss. AB - This paper is concerned with an attempt to return to the earliest principles of the phenomenological method by exploring the psychology of Erwin Strauss, with particular reference to his studies of schizophrenia. Strauss's analysis of the peculiarly subjective relationship between the schizophrenic and the no-longer neutral outside world is particularly investigated with specific reference to the physiognomic quality of everyday experience. It is suggested that the existential categories utilized in this method can offer an additional perspective in the attempt to explore the world of the schizophrenic; particularly in understanding his idiosyncratic fears and his autistic I-world interpretation. PMID- 6989390 TI - A comparison of treatments for prefrontal muscle contraction headache. AB - A comparison of hypnotic analgesia, frontalis electromyographic feedback, and frontalis electromyographic feedback in conjunction with Jacobson progressive relaxation for treating chronic prefrontal muscle contraction headache was done. There were four 1-hour treatment sessions for each type, and a follow-up. Measures were the number of headache hours per week, a subjective estimate of pain intensity, and an objective ratio of pain intensity found by using the submaximum tourniquet technique. No significant differences were found between treatments on these dependent measures, although all produced significant change in the desired direction. The current study utilized 48 patients with chronic prefrontal headache, and was performed in a clinical situation. Certain responses to the Headache Questionnaire used in screening were significantly correlated with improvement in headache. The current study controlled for class of medication the patient may have been taking for headache, thereby giving a more realistic assessment of the effectiveness of psychological treatments in a clinic. PMID- 6989391 TI - On heautoscopy or the phenomenon of the double: case presentation and review of the literature. PMID- 6989392 TI - Cold exposure and mammary glucose metabolism in the lactating goat. AB - 1. [U-14C]glucose was infused intravenously into conscious lactating goats exposed to thermoneutral or cold environments for a total of 24 h. The irreversible loss of glucose from the whole body and uptake of glucose by the mammary gland was measured and glucose utilization in the udder was studied by measuring the incorporation of radioactivity into carbon dioxide in mammary venous blood, into milk lactose and milk triglyceride-glycerol. 2. Exposure to cold increased the circulating level of glucose and slightly though not significantly, increased the non-mammary irreversible loss of glucose. 3. The extraction of glucose from the circulation by the udder fell, the secretion of lactose by the udder also fell and this correlated closely with the reduced secretion of milk in the cold. 4. Simultaneous measurements of the concentrations of insulin, growth hormone and corticosteroids in the arterial plasma were made. 5. The plasma concentration of corticosteroids increased significantly in the cold. 6. It is concluded that reduced glucose uptake and lactose synthesis by the udder are important factors which reduce milk secretion during cold exposure. PMID- 6989394 TI - Evidence that deoxyribonucleic acid photolyase from baker's yeast is a flavoprotein. AB - DNA photolyase purified from baker's yeast by affinity chromatography on UV irradiated DNA noncovalently bound to cellulose and by chromatography on activated thiol-Sepharose 4B yields a single protein band having a molecular weight of 51 000 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight, 53 000, determined by gel filtration was in good agreement. Upon denaturation of photolyase by heat or 8 M urea, flavin adenine dinucleotide (oxidized) was isolated from the mixture and identified by thin-layer chromatography and spectral analysis. In contrast to flavoproteins to which flavin adenine dinucleotide (oxidized) is bound which generally exhibit two absorbance maxima between 300 and 500 nm, photolyase has only one at 380 nm. These findings and the similar characteristics of the absorbance and emission spectra of native photolyase with those of flavoproteins in which the chromophore is considered to be the 4a,5-reduced flavin have led us to propose this configuration for the photolyase chromophore. The difference in properties of yeast photolyase compared to the one reported previously supports the idea that there are two photolyases in baker's yeast. PMID- 6989393 TI - Endocrine control of energy metabolism in the cow: the effect on milk yield and levels of some blood constituents of injecting growth hormone and growth hormone fragments. AB - 1. Circulating concentrations of some hormones and metabolites and nitrogen balance were measured in lactating beef and dairy cows given daily injections of growth hormone (GH) and were compared to values before injection. Changes in milk yield and composition were recorded in these cows and in additional cows injected with GH fragments. 2. GH, but not GH fragments, raised milk yield while milk composition did not change. GH injection caused a large, rapid increase in the level of the hormone in blood and slower, smaller increases in the concentrations of insulin, prolactin and thyroxine. Blood metabolite levels were unaltered except for a rise in glucose concentration in beef cows during GH injection and a fall in 3-hydroxybutyrate concentration in the same cows after the injections ceased. An increase in N output in milk was partly balanced by a reduction in urinary N so that N retention did not change significantly. 3. GH caused a reduction in food intake in the beef cows. 4. The results are discussed in relation to control of partition of nutrients in the lactating cow, where GH is considered to play an important role. It was concluded that this role may be in increasing the supply of energy metabolites for milk synthesis, rather than a direct effect on the activity of the mammary gland. PMID- 6989395 TI - Nuclear relaxation studies of the interaction of substrates with a metalloaldolase from yeast. PMID- 6989396 TI - Uptake of the lipophilic cation dibenzyldimethylammonium into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interaction with the thiamine transport system. AB - The distribution ratio of the lipophilic cation dibenzyldimethylammonium between the cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the medium appears to reflect changes in the membrane potential in a way that is qualitatively correct: the addition of a proton conductor or of an agent which blocks metabolism causes an apparent depolarization of the cell membrane; monovalent cations cause also a lowering of the equilibrium distribution, whereas the addition of divalent cations results in an increase of the partition ratio. However, uptake of dibenzyldimethylammonium and probably also of other liophilic cations proceeds via the thiamine transport system of the yeast. Dibenzyldimethylammonium transport is inducible, like thiamine transport. A kinetic analysis of the mutual interaction between thiamine and dibenzyldimethylammonium uptake shows that these compounds share a common transport system; moreover, dibenzyldimethylammonium uptake is inhibited complete by thiamine disulfide, a competitive inhibitor of thiamine transport and dibenzyldimethylammonium uptake in a thiamine-transport mutant is reduced considerably. It is concluded that one should be cautious when using lipophilic cations to measure the membrane potential of cells of S. cerevisiae. PMID- 6989397 TI - Antiserum to the milk fat globule membrane. Preparation and capacity to suppress milk secretion. AB - A procedure is described for preparing rabbit antiserum to goat milk fat globule membrane. This membrane is derived from the secretory surface of the lactating cell. Immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that antibody development reached maximal levels in about 6--8 weeks. Infusion of 5- 10 ml of this antiserum into the lactating mammary gland of goats via the teat canal depressed milk yields temporarily on the infused side to 60--80% of normal. Ordinary serum from rabbit, goat or human did not evoke such a response and rabbit complement was not essential for the effect. Fractionation showed that the globulin fraction of the antiserum contained the milk-suppressing principle. Milk from the antiserum-infused side of the udder showed extensive and tenacious clumping of fat globules on standing 12--24 h. The inhibition of milk flow by antibodies to the secretory membrane resembles a previously observed inhibition following infusion of concanavalin A or its succinyl derivative. Binding of antibodies or lectins which recognize specific surface protein components of the lactating cell appears to be involved in the suppression mechanism. The possible relevance of our findings to autoimmune suppression of exocytosis is noted. PMID- 6989398 TI - Subfractionation of liver membrane preparations by specific ligand-induced density perturbation. AB - Immunofluorescence and immunoferritin staining with monospecific antibodies to dipeptidyl peptidase IV purified from rat liver plasma membrane showed that the antigenic sites of this glycoprotein was exposed only on the outer surface of the liver cell. In a vesiculated plasma membrane preparation the peptidase was located exclusively on right-side-out elements, which differed in their degrees of ferritin staining, and could be separated into subfractions of different buoyant densities corresponding to their concentration of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. The concomitant density perturbation of nucleotide pyrophosphatase was similar, but not identical, to that of the peptidase itself, indicating that these two marker enzymes are somewhat differently distributed in the plane of the liver plasma membrane. Since essentially all the galactosyl transferase in plasma membrane and none of that in Golgi membrane could be density-perturbed with the antipeptidase, the activity in the plasma membrane preparation could not be ascribed to contamination with discrete Golgi elements. On the other hand, the small amount of dipeptidyl peptidase IV found in the Golgi preparations was itself perturbed by the antipeptidase, indicating that it represented contaminating right-side-out plasma membrane vesicles. In preliminary experiments similar separations were also obtained with wheat germ agglutinin as the plasma membrane ligand. Density perturbation, mediated by the recognition of specific surface markers, should be a useful adjunct in the separation and characterization of subcellular components in other systems. PMID- 6989399 TI - Measurements of membrane potentials in Escherichia coli K-12 inner membrane vesicles with the safranine method. AB - The use of safranine, a positively-charged dye, as a probe for the determination of membrane potentials in Escherichia coli vesicles has been studied. 1. Shifts in the spectrum of safranine were observed during induction of potassium ion diffusion potentials with valinomycin or during oxidation of formate by vesicles prepared from cells of E. coli K-12 or ML 308-225 subjected to anaerobic growth with nitrate. The extent of the valinomycin-dependent spectral change correlated linearly with the magnitude of the K+ equilibrium potential, as calculated from the Nernst equation, from 50 to 160 mV (interior negative). The formate-induced changes could also be calibrated by increasing the concentration of potassium in the presence of valinomycin, after the formation of formate-dependent responses. In this case, results identical to those obtained with the first method were obtained. 2. O2 or nitrate-dependent oxidation of formate resulted in a membrane potential of the order of 170 mV. The oxidation of ascorbate-reduced N methylphenazonium methosulphate resulted in a potential of similar magnitude, but anaerobically with nitrate only a small but definite potential was formed. 3. The water-soluble quinones, duroquinone and menadione, could produce membrane potentials when used in their oxidized or reduced forms in the presence of formate or nitrate (or oxygen). 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was not only ineffective but was found to be inhibitory. 4. N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide at suitable concentrations increased the rate of formation and the extent of membrane potentials induced by respiration or by artificial means. PMID- 6989400 TI - Effects of vitamin A and its analogs (retinoids) on normal and neoplastic cells. PMID- 6989401 TI - Cell transformation as a model for tumor induction and neoplastic growth. PMID- 6989402 TI - The glutaminyl-transfer RNA synthetase of Escherichia coli. Purification, structure and function relationship. AB - Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli has been purified to homogeneity with a yield of about 50%. It is a monomer of about 69 000 daltons. Arginyl and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases are also monomeric synthetases of molecular weight significantly lower than 100 000. In addition it is well known that these three synthetases require their cognate tRNA to catalyze the [32P]PPi-ATP exchange. Like arginyl-tRNA synthetase, but unlike glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, glutaminyl tRNA synthetase seems to contain some repeated sequences. Therefore no correlation can be established between the tRNA requirement of these synthetases for the catalysis of the isotope-exchange and the presence or the absence of sequence duplication. In the native enzyme four sulfhydryl groups react with dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid causing a loss of both the aminoacylation and the [32P]PPi-ATP exchange activities. The rate-limiting steps of the overall aminoacylation and its reverse reaction correspond, respectively, to the catalysis of the aminoacylation of tRNA Gln and of the the deacylation of glutaminyl-tRNA Gln. At acidic pH, glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of the glutaminyl-tRNA Gln and its deacylation at significantly lower rates than the [32P]PPi-ATP exchange, indicating than glutaminyl-tRNA Gln cannot be an obligatory intermediate in this isotope exchange. These results suggest the existence of a two-step aminoacylation mechanism catalyzed by this enzyme. PMID- 6989403 TI - Mechanism of the ATP effect in the DNA repair synthesis of gamma-irradiated Escherichia coli cells. AB - Gamma-irradiation of Escherichia coli cells made permeable to deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTP) by toluene induces a repair-type DNA synthesis. As previous studies have shown ATP stimulates this DNA synthesis; we studied the mechanism of the ATP effect by analyzing the kinetics of nucleotide incorporation at various dNTP concentrations. The V values of the DNA repair synthesis rise with increasing dose (0-50 Gy); nonirradiated cells showed a negligible nucleotide incorporation. The apparent Michaelis constant KM for dNTP in the assay was 83 143 microM and the value was much higher than for a DNA polymerase reaction in vitro. ATP stimulated the DNA synthesis with concomitant decrease of KM yet unchanged V values. Similar results were obtained with a rec BC strain. We propose that the ATP effect is due to a greater affinity of dNTPs to the DNA polymerase, possibly by a stabilisation of the structural integrity of the complex DNA with repair enzymes. Activation of exonucleases by ATP could be excluded. Addition of NAD to the reaction mixture inhibits the DNA synthesis possibly by activation of ligase which closes the nicks in the DNA strand. PMID- 6989404 TI - Effects of 5-fluorouracil on the formation of modified nucleosides in yeast transfer RNA. AB - Yeast cells grown in the presence of the drug FUra synthesize RNA in which Urd is partially replaced by FUrd. Transfer RNAs in which 1.5-50% of the Urd has been replaced by FUrd have been isolated and their base compositions measured to determine the effect of FUrd incorporation on posttranscriptional nucleoside modification. This replacement results in an extensive reduction in the amounts of Thd, H56Urd and psird found in mature tRNA. Quantitatively, the reduction of psird greater than or equal to Thd greater than H56Urd. The losses of psird, Thd and H56Urd are greater than can be accounted for by the stoichiometry of FUrd incorporation. The formation of 5-MeCyd is not affected by the drug, whereas the methylated purines show substoichiometric losses in FUrd-containing tRNAs. In Escherichia coli, we have not observed any effects of FUra on the methylated purine content, although the effects on psird, Thd and H56Urd are similar. These findings indicate that (a) in both pro- and eukaryotic systems the enzymes responsible for psird, Thd and H56Urd formation are affected by FUra treatment in a similar manner; (b) prokaryotic purine methylases may be more tolerant of structural aberrations resulting from FUrd incorporation than eukaryotic methylases and (c) different methylases within one system show different sensitivities as shown by those responsible for 1-MeAdo and 5-MeCyd formation. PMID- 6989405 TI - Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by glucagon and glucocorticoids in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6989406 TI - Changes in the number of insulin receptors of isolated rat hepatocytes during pregnancy and lactation. AB - The weight of the rat liver increased during pregnancy and lactation due solely to an increase in hepatocyte size. Insulin receptors were identified using 125I labelled insulin and isolated hepatocytes in vitro. Scatchard analysis was interpreted in terms of high affinity (KD 4 nM) and low affinity (KD 80 nM) receptors for insulin. No change in the affinity of either receptor site was detected during pregnancy or lactation; There was, however, a significant increase in the number of both types of receptor on the hepatocyte by day 12 of pregnancy which was maintained until at least day 20 of pregnancy. During lactation, the number of receptors declined to values similar to those of virgin rats. Serum insulin concentrations, determined by radioimmunoassay, were elevated during pregnancy, returned to values similar to virgin rats during early lactation and were significantly reduced compared with virgin rats by day 15 of lactation. These results illustrate that physiological conditions exist whereby the number of insulin receptors may increase, despite elevated serum insulin concentrations, in apparent conflict with the 'down-receptor' hypothesis. PMID- 6989407 TI - Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase in cultured mouse mammary gland by the osmolarity in the cellular environment. AB - The biphasic increase of ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse mammary gland in organ culture occurs with a hormone-independent first peak and a hormone dependent second peak. The data presented indicate that a change in the osmolarity of the cellular environment is the major contributing factor for the emergence of the hormone-independent ornithine decarboxylase activity in mammary explants. Thus, incubation of mammary explants for 3 h in a medium diluted 53% with distilled water results in approx. 1000-fold stimulation of enzyme activity over the initial level, whereas a similar dilution of the medium with 0.18 M NaCl or 0.3 M sucrose blocks the increase. The increase in enzyme activity is similarly affected by a reduction of the concentration of NaCl in the culture medium. The hypoosmotic stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity appears to be affected at a posttranscriptional level, and is enhanced further by the actions of insulin and prolactin. The hypoosmotic enhancement of ornithine decarboxylase activity produces a large increase in the intracellular concentration of putrescine in mammary explants. However, neither the concentration of spermidine and spermine nor the activity of S-adenosyl-L methionine decarboxylase is affected. In addition, studies of putrescine transport in mammary explants show that hypotonicity causes an increase in the rate of influx and a decrease in efflux of putrescine with enhancement of intracellular putrescine accumulation. On the other hand, the uptake of spermidine, spermine, amino acids, sugar, and a lipophilic cation, triphenylmethylphosphonium is unaffected. These data suggest a possibility that osmotic alteration in cellular environment causes an incresed need for putrescine in mammary cells, resulting in stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity, which may represent a cellular mechanism for maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular cationic environment. PMID- 6989408 TI - Biosynthesis of biopterin in Ascaris lumbricoides suum. AB - In in vivo experiments, radioactivity from [U-14C]GTP was incorporated into biopterin, and, in fact, all carbon atoms of biopterin synthesized in Ascaris lumbricoides suum originated from GTP. Biopterin was also biosynthesized in homogenates of tissue fluid and muscles of Ascaris lumbricoides suum. The enzyme which catalyzes sepiapterin synthesis from D-erythro-7,8-dihydroneopterin-3' phosphate was found in A. lumbricoides suum extracts and extracted in the 0--30% (NH4)2SO4 fraction from a 40 000 x g supernatant. The enzyme was purified by Sephadex G-200 column and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. It is suggested that sepiapterin could be an intermediate compound in biopterin biosynthesis. PMID- 6989409 TI - A comparison of relaxation techniques with electrosleep therapy for chronic, sleep-onset insomnia a sleep-EEG study. AB - Two methods of relaxation therapy, electromyograph biofeedback and autogenic training, were compared to a nonrelaxation treatment, electrosleep therapy, in reducing sleep latency among 22 chronic, sleep-onset insomniacs. While none of the electrosleep patients improved on all-night laboratory electroencephalographic sleep records or daily home sleep logs, approximately one half of the relaxation-treated patients showed marked improvement, which was sustained over a 1-month follow-up period. Although some sleep and treatment variables differentiated relaxation therapy responders from nonresponders, external stress appeared to be the most salient factor. Successful and unsuccessful patients could not be differentiated on any of the psychological variables studied. PMID- 6989410 TI - A stochastic model for the occurrence of transient ischemic attacks. AB - This paper presents the development, application and evaluation of a stochastic model of the frequency of occurrence of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). TIAs occur during periods of abnormal arterial activity. The TIAs which occur during a single period of abnormal activity are called a cluster of TIAs. Thus, the number of TIAs occurring in a time interval is determined by the number of clusters of TIAs occurring and the number of TIAs per cluster. The distribution of the number of clusters, which is a modification of the Poisson distribution, is obtained through the use of infinitesimal probabilities and the method of generating function. The number of TIAs per cluster follows the logarithmic series distribution. The distribution of the number of TIAs is then a modification of the negative binomial distribution, which allows for censoring of the data that may be related to the occurrence of the clusters of TIAs. Estimates for the parameters, based on observed frequencies, are obtained, which allow the model to be applied to data from the Aspirin in Transient Ischemic Attacks Study. PMID- 6989411 TI - Time resolved spectroscopy of tryptophyl fluorescence of yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. AB - The tryptophyl fluorescence emission of yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase decreases from pH 3.9 to pH 7.2 following a normal titration curve with an apparent pK of 4.7. The fluorescence decays have been determined at both extreme pH by photocounting pulse fluorimetry and have been found to vary with the emission wavelength. A quantitative analysis of these results according to a previously described method allows to determine the emission characteristics of the two tryptophan residues present in the protein molecule. At pH 3.9, one of the tryptophan residues is responsible for only 13% of the total fluorescence emission. This first residue has a lifetime tau 1 = 0.6 ns and a maximum fluorescence wavelength lambda 1max = 332 nm. The second tryptophan residue exhibits two lifetimes tau 21 = 3.1 ns and tau 22 = 7.0 ns (lambda 2max = 338 nm). In agreement with the attribution of tau 21 and tau 22 to the same tryptophan residue, the ratio beta = C21/C22 of the normalized amplitudes is constant along the fluorescence emission spectrum. At pH 7.2, the two tryptophan residues contribute almost equally to the protein fluorescence. The decay time of tryptophan 1 is 0.4 ns. The other emission parameters are the same as those determined at pH 3.9. We conclude that the fluorescence quenching in the range pH 3.9 to pH 8.0 comes essentially from the formation of a non emitting internal ground state complex between the tryptophan having the longest decay tie equilibrium constant of the internal complex can be estimated. The quenching group is thought to be a carboxylate anion. Excitation transfers between the two tryptophyl residues of the protein molecule appear to have a small efficiency. PMID- 6989412 TI - Hydrophobic binding is not an independent stereochemical determinant in the yeast glyoxalase I reaction. AB - For yeast glyoxalase I, a stereospecific proton-transfer mechanism requires the formation of either a cis or a trans-enediol intermediate. Analogs of the two possible isometric enediol intermediates, formed from the hemimercaptal due to phenylglyoxal and glutathione, have been synthesized in which the oxygen atoms of the enediol are replaced by protons. Both isomeric analogs are strong linear competitive inhibitors of the enzyme having nearly equal inhibition constants: Ki(cis) = 0.10 mM; Ki(trans) = 0.16 mM. This suggests that while hydrophobic interactions between substrate, enediol intermediate and enzyme may contribute significantly to binding, this type of interaction is not an independent stereochemical determinant of the reaction. PMID- 6989414 TI - Vibrational analysis of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. VI. Assignment of beta-turn modes in insulin and other proteins. PMID- 6989413 TI - Theoretical considerations in the equilibrium binding of myosin fragments on F actin. AB - In a previous paper, equilibrium ocnstants for the binding of myosin fragments onto F-actin were assumed known and the statistical problems encountered when the actin sites are occupied to an arbitrary fractional extent were analyzed. The object of the present paper is to attempt to understand the observed order of magnitude of these equilibrium constants in terms of the statistical mechanical degrees of freedom involved. That is, we examine here the equilibrium constants themselves rather than the statistical consequences of the equilibrium constants. The treatment given amounts to a semi-quantitative sketch or outline of the problem. Structural details are much too uncertain to warrant a careful and rigorous treatment at this time. But the discussion suffices to establish the essential qualitative features of the problem. The procedure used is to examine the important equilibrium constants, one at a time, in terms of the factors (partition functions) that contribute to each constant, together with numerical estimates for these factors. PMID- 6989416 TI - [Characteristics of the opsonin factors according to the reaction of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by human neutrophils]. AB - A method for studying the general opsonic function in human neutrophil phagocytosis is proposed. It is based on the estimation of neutrophil metabolic stimulation with heat-killed cells of Serratia marcescens in the presence of an opsonic substrate. The opsonic activity levels have been determined in 44 healthy donors. PMID- 6989417 TI - Critical issues of bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6989415 TI - [Correlations between the indices of the state of the sympathetic-adrenal and of the hypophyseal-adrenal systems and the level of insulin in horses under various exposures]. AB - The content of adrenaline, noradrenaline, ACTH, cortisol and insulin in the blood and excretion of catecholamines with urine were studied in horses after physical and emotional exposures. The highest degree of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) and hypophysioadrenal system (HAS) activation followed by the insulin content decrease was observed after training. The known emotional exposure (the noise of hyppodrome) astivated both parts of SAS and HAS. The unknown emotional experience (electronic music) produced a strong adrenal medullar reaction. Analysis of the correlations showed that the initial background hormonal level predetermines the further activation of the system exposed to stressful situations. The reciprocal relations between the hormonal and mediator parts of SAS at rest are transformed to common activation under training. The level of the activity of one part of SAS monitors the other one. A relationship was established between SAS and HAS as well as between insulin and catecholamine content under physical and emotional exposures. PMID- 6989418 TI - Amebiasis in New York City 1958--1978: identification of the male homosexual high risk population. PMID- 6989419 TI - Egerton Y. Davis, M.D., and placentophagy. PMID- 6989420 TI - The outlook for academic medicine. PMID- 6989421 TI - Drug-induced peptic ulcer and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6989422 TI - Lengthening finger stumps amputated through the middle phalanx with local flaps and bone grafts. PMID- 6989423 TI - Upper and lower eyelid reconstruction with a neurovascular free flap from the first web space of the foot. PMID- 6989424 TI - The horned hand: an acquired deformity, or just another Etruscan mystery? PMID- 6989425 TI - Degloving injuries of the limbs: long-term review and management based on whole body fluorescence. AB - From the long-term review of past results no type of replacement cover will entirely match the qualities of the original. Management must therefore be directed towards conservation of all viable skin flaps. Whole body fluorescence has proved a useful technique for obtaining a line of demarcation at an early stage. Demarcation of non-vascularised skin flaps allows excision and preparation of full thickness skin grafts to obtain the most satisfactory type of replacement cover. Where full thickness skin grafts can be prepared they should be applied tothe functionally most important areas. PMID- 6989426 TI - A double-blind comparison of dothiepin and amitriptyline in patients with primary affective disorder: serum levels and clinical response. AB - In a double-blind parallel group study, thirty-two patients suffering from a primary affective disorder received either dothiepin or amitriptyline. Serum concentrations of total dothiepin plus northiaden or amitriptyline and nortriptyline were estimated. A similar therapeutic response was seen with both drugs but there was no correlation with serum concentrations of amitriptyline or nortriptyline, whereas serum dothiepin correlated positively with clinical response. PMID- 6989427 TI - The Institute: yesterday and tomorrow. Presidential address delivered on April 26, 1979 at the British Institute of Radiology Annual Congress held at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London. PMID- 6989428 TI - Opinion polls and kidney transplantation. PMID- 6989429 TI - Prolongation of canine pancreas allograft survival with cyclosporin A: preliminary report. AB - Studies were conducted on dogs to test the efficacy of cyclosporin A (CyA) in prolonging normoglycaemia and graft survival after whole-organ pancreas allograft transplantation. Five dogs subjected to pancreatectomy alone served as controls. Withholding immunosuppression after transplantation (five animals) resulted in the same median duration of survival as occurred in the controls (13 days). Azathioprine and steroids (seven animals) produced median durations of normoglycaemia and survival of 9 and 23 days respectively. Animals given CyA 18 mg/kg/day (five) and 25 mg/kg/day (10), however, showed median durations of normoglycaemia of 18 and 55 days (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02) respectively and median survival times of 36 and 85 days (NS and p less than 0.02). If CyA proved effective in controlling rejection of pancreas allografts in man it would offer unstable diabetics in renal failure a more hopeful outlook than conventional immunosuppression. PMID- 6989430 TI - A lifeboat for inner cities. PMID- 6989431 TI - Renal transplantation in the 1980s. PMID- 6989432 TI - Prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement by high-dose aspirin or intermittent calf and thigh compression. AB - A prospective study of patients undergoing total knee replacement was carried out by using a combination of 125I-fibrinogen scanning and phlebography, and showed a high incidence of venous thromboembolic disease (TE). Ventilation-perfusion lung scanning was performed to detect pulmonary emboli in most patients. High doses of aspirin and an intermittent low-pressure pneumatic compression device (IPCD) were effective, even in women, in preventing TE. Low doses of aspirin and placebo were equally ineffective in preventing TE. Lung-scan abnormalities compatible with pulmonary emboli were found in six out of 10 patients with isolated calf-vein thrombi. Conventional tests of platelet function did not predict the development of TE. No significant differences were found between the patients receiving low and high doses of aspirin with respect to the mean template bleeding time or platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and epinephrine, although these variables were significantly abnormal in the two groups receiving aspirin compared with those treated with placebo and the IPCD. Thus high doses of aspirin and a new low-pressure IPCD were effective in preventing venous TE in patients (predominantly women) undergoing total knee replacement. PMID- 6989433 TI - Controlled trial of supervised exercise training in chronic bronchitis. AB - In a controlled trial of exercise retraining in patients with severe chronic bronchitis, 33 subjects were followed for a mean period of 10.3 months. The exercise programme was supervised once a week, and daily training comprised a 12 minute walk and simple stair climbing exercises. The subjects in the exercise group showed a highly significant improvement in their walking distance, attaining a maximum increase of 24% after eight to 12 months. There was also considerable subjective improvement. The control group did not improve. No significant changes in cardiorespiratory function or muscle strength were seen. Simple exercise rehabilitation is of benefit to patients with disabling obstructive lung disease. PMID- 6989435 TI - Introduction of U-100 insulin. PMID- 6989436 TI - Timing of pre-breakfast insulin injection and postprandial metabolic control in diabetic children. AB - A peak period of hyperglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetics occurs after breakfast. A randomised crossover study was performed on nine diabetic children at home to study the effect of varying the time of their morning mixed injection of Monotard and Actrapid insulin on this hyperglycaemic peak. Performing the study at home minimised the children's stress.After diabetic control had been improved children injected their insulin 30 minutes (early injection) or five minutes (late injection) before breakfast on two consecutive Saturday mornings. Blood samples were taken at 30-minute intervals over 3(1/2) hours and analysed for concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, pyruvate, lactate, alanine, and ketones. Diet, insulin dose, and exercise were kept the same on both test days.The mean blood glucose concentration at breakfast (0 minutes) was 11 mmol/l after the early injection and 10 mmol/l after the late injection. Subsequent concentrations were consistently lower with the early injection regimen than the late regimen. The greatest difference between values in the two groups was 3.7 mmol/l at 150 minutes. Mean plasma insulin concentrations were lower in the children on the early regimen than in those on the late regimen at 30 minutes before breakfast but higher at 0 minutes and thereafter. There were no significant differences in mean concentration of intermediary metabolites between the two injection regimens. These were mainly within the normal range for healthy young adults except for the ketone concentrations, which were raised with both injection regimens until 180 minutes after breakfast.These results suggest that the timing of the morning injection of insulin is important in the control of postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetic children. PMID- 6989434 TI - Loperamide, diphenoxylate, and codeine phosphate in chronic diarrhoea. PMID- 6989437 TI - Heart disease prevention project: a randomised controlled trial in industry. AB - Twenty-four factories or other occupational groups, employing 18 210 men aged 40 to 59, were formed into matched pairs. One of each pair was allocated randomly to receive a five to six year programme of medical examinations and intervention to reduce the levels of the main coronary risk factors. Men at factories in the intervention group were given advice on dietary reduction of plasma cholesterol concentrations, stopping or reducing cigarette smoking, regular exercies for the sedentary and reduced energy intake for the overweight, and hypertension was treated. The programme was delivered mainly through existing occupational medical services, helped by a small central staff. Personal consultations were largely confined to men with a high risk of developing coronary heart disease. Changes in risk factors were assessed by regular standardised examinations of random samples of men. The spread of information by general propaganda proved easy, but a change in habits seemed to require personal contact. Small but significant reductions occurred, mainly in the high-risk group, but these were not sustained when pressure was relaxed. PMID- 6989439 TI - Vagal function in relation to gastro-oesophageal reflux and associated motility changes. AB - Vagal function in 28 patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux was examined by determining gastric secretory response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and pulse rate variation with respiration. Gastric secretory studies were also performed on 13 patients with duodenal ulcer who had not undergone operations. In all patients the presence and degree of oesophagitis were determined endoscopically and mucosal biopsy and oesophageal manometry were performed. Seven of the 28 patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux showed evidence of impaired vagal efferent function in the upper alimentary tract. No such impairment was found in those patients who showed manometric evidence of oesophageal spasm secondary to gastro oesophageal reflux. Low pulse-rate variation with respiration was found in 12 of 27 patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux, suggesting dysfunction of cardiac vagal fibres. Impairment of efferent vagal supply may be a causative factor in some patients with gastr-oesophageal reflux but does not seem to be important in oesophageal spasm secondary to gastro-oesophageal reflux. PMID- 6989438 TI - Vitamin D supplements in pregnant Asian women: effects on calcium status and fetal growth. AB - In a double-blind trial of vitamin D supplements in pregnant Asian women calciferol (ergocalciferol, 1000 IU/day) was administered to 59 women and placebo to 67 controls during the last trimester. The two groups had similar distributions of maternal age, height, parity, number of vegetarians, countries of origin, and sex and gestation of the infants. At entry to the trial maternal serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations were low in both treatment and control groups and significantly lower in vegetarians than non-vegetarians. Mothers in the treatment group gained weight faster in the last trimester than those in the control group, and at term they and their infants all had adequate plasma 25-OHD concentrations, Mothers and infants in the control group, however, had low plasma concentrations of 25-OHD and calcium and raised plasma alkaline phosphatase (bone isoenzyme) activity. Five of these infants developed symptomatic hypocalcaemia. Almost twice as many infants in the control group were small for gestational age (29% v 15%), but there were no significant differences between the two groups of infants in antropometric measurements. Infants in the control group, however, had larger fontanelles, suggesting impaired ossification of the skull. Because of the benefits to mothers and infants in the treatment group and the absence of side effects, vitamin D supplements should be given to all pregnant Asian women in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6989440 TI - The first year of life. Bacterial infection in the newborn. PMID- 6989441 TI - Nocturnal polyuria and saluresis in renal allograft recipients. PMID- 6989442 TI - The International Union against the Venereal Diseases and Treponematoses. PMID- 6989443 TI - Recent observations on the serology of syphilis. AB - Routine screening of 404 742 sera by the automated micro-haemagglutination assay (AMHA-TP) and the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test showed that 9848 specimens gave a reactive result to one of the three assays. Reactive results were confirmed by the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA ABS) test. The possibility of false-positive results varied from 0.04-0.38% of all specimens or from 1.7-15.7% of reactive sera. The VDRL test failed to detect reactivity in 56.54% of sera from patients who had previously been infected with Treponema pallidum. The importance of routine testing by the AMHA-TP is illustrated by the detection of four patients with mesaortitis and two with active neurosyphilis among a selected group of 54 patients who had non-reactive results to the VDRL test. Testing of cerebrospinal fluid specimens by the AMHA-TP test produced more specific results than by the other two tests. PMID- 6989444 TI - Non-specific positive test results to syphilis in dermatological diseases. AB - Sera from 3028 patients attending a dermatological clinic were examined by the fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test, the fluorescent antibody-absorbed (FTA-ABS) test, the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, and Kolmer's test. Eleven cases of late syphilis were found. Sera from 63 (2.08%) of the remaining 3017 patients showed non-specific results; these were found more frequently in patients with pyodermas, neoplasms, acne, mycoses, crural ulceration, and psoriasis than in those with other diseases. No non-specific results were observed in patients with bullous skin diseases and only a few in patients with viral skin diseases and chronic lupus erythematosus. The test producing the most non-specific results was the FTA test, followed by the FTA-ABS test, the VDRL test, and Kolmer's test. PMID- 6989445 TI - Antitreponemal IgE in early syphilis. AB - Using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique, mean serum IgE concentrations were found to be raised in patients with early syphilis. Antitreponemal specificity of the IgE response was investigated by the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test using a fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled antiserum against the Fc-fragment of human IgE. Validity of this test procedure was assessed by blocking experiments. The results provide evidence of the antitreponemal specificity of the IgE response in syphilis and indicate a possible role for antitreponemal IgE in the pathogenesis of the Jarisch Herxheimer reaction and in the immune-complex origin of some of the lesions of secondary syphilis. PMID- 6989446 TI - The effect of long-term amphetamine administration on the activity of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. AB - Spontaneously active neurons from the pars compacta region of the substantia nigra were studied in chloral hydrate anesthetized, immobilized rats which had been pretreated with daily intraperitoneal saline or D-amphetamine injections according to several schedules. The spontaneous firing rates of these neurons were not altered by any of the pretreatment regimens. In addition, the intravenous dose of D-amphetamine sulfate which was required to reduce the spontaneous firing rate of these cells by at least 50% (threshold dose) was not modified by amphetamine pretreatment. There was a significant positive linear correlation between the threshold dose and the initial spontaneous firing rate of the neurons from animals pretreated with multiple saline injections, but not from those receiving long-term D-amphetamine. These results demonstrate that there are no alterations in the sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons to amphetamine under conditions known to produce the enhanced effects of the drug on motor behaviors which develop during multiple injections. PMID- 6989447 TI - Brain primary culture - a characterization. AB - Primary cultures from rat or mouse brain hemispheres contain predominantly glial cells. These cells accumulated [3H]GABA and showed a specific fluorescence with FITC-labeled anti-S-100 antiserum. Round or elongated cells which reacted positively with antimacrophage antiserum and exhibited phagocytotic activity, were considered mesodermal macrophages. Big flat cells, unreactive to S-100 antiserum or to any other antiserum tested, showed a morphology similar to mesenchymal cells of a low differentiation grade. These cells formed a monolayer upon which other cell types grew. Positive reaction for alkaline phosphatases was used as a criterion to identify endothelial cells, the number of which increased with increasing age of the cultures. Anti-14-3-2 antiserum gave no specific reaction, indicating the presence of very few or no differentiated neurons in the cultures. PMID- 6989448 TI - Inhibition of in situ metabolism of [3H](met5)-enkephalin and potentiation of (met5)-enkephalin analgesia by captopril. PMID- 6989449 TI - Distribution of striatal afferents from the mesencephalon in the cat. AB - In a series of cats, various quantities of horseradish peroxidase were injected in different parts of the striatum to map out the extent and the topography of the afferent projections from the mesencephalon. Following large injections in the head of the caudate nucleus and putamen, the majority of cells were retrogradely labeled in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and in its dorsal extension the retrorubral nucleus or pars dorsalis (SNd), confirming previous reports. Numerous HRP positive neurons were also present in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the rostral raphe nuclei, including the rostral linear (LR) and intrafascicular (IF) nuclei, forming a mediolateral continuum with SNc. More caudally, labeled cells were found in central linear (LC), superior central (CS) and dorsal raphe nuclei (DR), in the ventrolateral tegmentum and between the decussating fibers of the brachium conjunctivum. Small injections in different mediolateral, dorsoventral and anteroposterior sites of the neostriatum resulted in retrograde transport of HRP to a variety of cell groups in this striatal projecting system indicating a topographical organization. Efferents from SNc and SNd distribute in the striatum in a mediolateral, anteroposterior and to some extent in an inverse dorsoventral topographical pattern. The terminal fields in the striatum overlap considerably. The topographical relations are more evident mediolaterally than in the other principal planes. The projections of the raphe nuclei and VTA terminate in the nucleus accumbens and the ventral half of the striatum. Within this territory, they display a mediolateral topography. In accord with earlier reports, fibers from the dorsal raphe nuclei have a wider distribution. An inverse topographical relationship is also established between the VTA cells and the ventral parts of the striatum. PMID- 6989450 TI - Evolution of Bergmann glia in developing human fetal cerebellum: a Golgi, electron microscopic and immunofluorescent study. AB - Astrogliogenesis in the human fetal cerebellum was examined in 46 cerebella obtained from hysterotomy specimens ranging between 9 and 20 weeks of ovulation age. By correlating the results obtained by rapid Golgi and Golgi-Cox methods, the indirect immunofluorescence technique for glial fibrillary acidic protein, and electron microscopy, it was possible to ensure identification of cells and obtain a comprehensive view of the ontogenesis of cerebellar astroglia, in particular Bergmann fibers. Radial fibers were present at 9 weeks of ovulation age, with features of astroglial differentiation. In the cerebellar hemisphere radial fibers arising near the ventricular zone did not reach all the way to the pial surface but terminated in vascular walls of the intermediate zone. A second set of glial cells located in the intermediate zone gave rise to long, tapering processes oriented radially to the pia, some reaching to the pial surface and terminating there in conical swellings. Radial glia with these features were observed in cerebella at all fetal ages examined, indicating their availability for guidance of external granular cells as they migrate inward. With advancing fetal age, the segment of those radial glia traversing the molecular layer demonstrated an increasing resemblance to Bergmann fibers, though the cell bodies giving rise to these processes were still located below the Purkinje cells. Transitional forms between radial glial processes and fibers beginning to resemble Bergmann fibers were observed in numerous specimens impregnated with the Golgi methods. Astrogliogenesis in human fetal cerebellum occurs earlier than formerly believed, and Bergmann fibers are a final stage in the development of a defined group of radial glia in the cerebellum. PMID- 6989451 TI - Anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region ablation: chronic elevations of plasma renin concentration. PMID- 6989452 TI - Nightingale remembered - reflections on times past. PMID- 6989453 TI - Comparative studies of kinetic and optical properties of rabbit muscle, sturgeon muscle, and yeast pyruvate kinase. AB - The kinetic and optical properties of pyruvate kinase isolated from rabbit muscle, sturgeon muscle, and yeast were compared using various activating divalent metal ions as probes for functional features and using ultraviolet circular dichroism (cd) measurements for conformational features, respectively. All three preparations of pyruvate kinase were similar in many aspects, such as activating efficiencies of the four activating metal ions, Mg(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Ni(II) and pH-rate profiles, suggesting the presence of a similar metal binding locus of these enzymes as well as a common underlying mechanism of action. L-Phe inhibited the rabbit muscle enzyme and turned the hyperbolic kinetics into a sigmoidal kinetic with respect to phosphoenolpyruvate at alkaline pH, while fructose-1,6-biphosphate activated the sturgeon muscle and yeast enzymes and turned the sigmoidal kinetics into hyperbolic kinetics with respect to phosphoenolpyruvate. The ultraviolet cd spectral changes qualitatively correlated well with kinetic observations of all three native enzymes in the presence and absence of allosteric effectors. Our results suggested that there are at least two conformational states of pyruvate kinase which are inducible by the binding of substrate and (or) allosteric effectors. The conformational changes from one form to another in these enzymes are very similar, especially between the rabbit and sturgeon muscle enzymes. PMID- 6989454 TI - Evolutionary relationship between Halobacterium cutirubrum and eukaryotes determined by use of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as phylogenetic probes. AB - The cross-species reactivities between tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been employed as a basis to estimate the relatedness of various prokaryotes to the eukaryotes. The tRNA of Halobacterium cutirubrum, unlike that of other prokaryotes tested, including Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Arthrobacter luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Myxococcus xanthus, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, and Thermus aquaticus, was found to share with yeast, rat liver, and wheat germ tRNA a distinct preference for aminoacylation by eukaryotic synthetases from yeast as opposed to prokaryotic synthetases from either E. coli or R. spheroides. These results suggest that phylogenetically H. cutirubrum is more closely related to the eukaryotes than to the eubacteria. PMID- 6989455 TI - Tribute to William Leslie Logie. PMID- 6989457 TI - Randomized trial of therapy with platelet antiaggregants for threatened stroke. PMID- 6989458 TI - On becoming the first woman urologist in Canada. PMID- 6989456 TI - The gastrointestinal endocrine system. AB - Gastrointestinal endocrinology is the study of the hormonal regulation of digestion. A number of characterized polypeptide hormones have been localized in specific gastroenteropancreatic endocrine cells. The fact that some of these hormones are also found in nerve and brain cells has given rise to the concept of a gut-brain axis. The functional capacities of these endocrine cells are determined by their anatomic location; the luminal exposure of gastroenteric endocrine cells represents an additional avenue for stimulation and release that is not open to pancreatic endocrine cells. Gastroenteropancreatic hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism, gastric acid secretion, pancreatic exocrine and gallbladder function, gastrointestinal motility and blood flow. These important regulatory hormones may in turn be controlled by a series of gastroduodenal releasing hormones.Diabetes mellitus is the most important metabolic disorder related to a gastroenteropancreatic hormone imbalance. Most tumours producing these hormones are of pancreatic origin and produce a number of hormones; insulinomas and gastrinomas are detected readily because of the serious metabolic distrubances they cause. Other instances of altered circulating concentrations of these hormones result from rather than cause the disease.The challenge of future study is to determine if postprandial changes in the plasma concentrations of these hormones are sufficient or necessary, or both, for the control of digestion. PMID- 6989460 TI - The Nile in Canada: scientific outlook and society. PMID- 6989459 TI - Dr. George McQuitty: a tribute. PMID- 6989461 TI - Autopsy of an Egyptian mummy (Nakht--ROM I) PMID- 6989462 TI - In memory of Bethune. PMID- 6989463 TI - Depression in the elderly. AB - Depression in the elderly is very common and may be difficult to diagnose. Because of its varied presentation and its frequent association with physical illness it will be encountered increasingly by all physicians as the elderly population expands. Depression, though treatable, is often not treated, and suicide rates are high among depressed elderly persons. Diagnostic difficulties lie in distinguishing depression from organic brain syndromes, from so-called masked depressions and from normal grief reactions. Pharmacologic treatment is effective, but care must be taken to recognize side effects and to use adequate doses. Psychologic approaches should focus on reducing feelings of helplessness and failing self-esteem. The importance of the losses borne by elderly persons in the pathogenesis of depression continues to be of theoretical and practical interest. PMID- 6989465 TI - Chronic granulomatous otitis media in bottle-fed Inuit children. AB - Otitis media in Inuit children is a problem of relatively recent origin and unknown cause. The prevalence of otitis media in 238 Inuit and 47 Caucasian children in Nain, a small community in Labrador, was determined by examination, and the history of breast-feeding or bottle-feeding was obtained. The prevalence of otitis media was found to be inversely related to the age at which bottle feeding was started. Clinical observations suggest that otitis media in Inuit children is part of a process leading to chronic foreign body granuloma of the middle ear, and that the granuloma is formed from milk introduced into the relatively short and straight eustachian tubes of Inuit infants by the high negative intraoral pressure necessary for bottle-feeding. PMID- 6989466 TI - Dr. Elizabeth Cass: a tribute. PMID- 6989464 TI - Randomized trial of therapy with platelet antiaggregants for threatened stroke. 2: Observations on the pathogenesis and natural history of threatened stroke. AB - Transient cerebral ischemia and stroke may occur despite previous occlusion of the artery supplying the appropriate part of the brain. After occlusion of the internal carotid artery, emboli may pass from the "stump" of the occluded artery to later produce transient cerebral ischemia or a stroke. Transient cerebral ischemia and stroke are due to a variety of conditions, some of which are strongly correlated with platelet thromboembolism, while others have little primary relation to thrombosis. The impact of this on therapeutic considerations is obvious. Thromboembolism related to myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve (mitral valve prolapse) is a factor to consider in determining the cause of a stroke in a younger person. The prognosis for the different varieties of threatened stroke is incompletely known. When due to arteriosclerosis of the large cerebral arteries, transient cerebral ischemia and minor strokes pose a cumulative threat for a major stroke or death of 13% in the first year, 22% in the second year and 30% in the third year. PMID- 6989467 TI - Infected cephalhematoma associated with placement of scalp electrode. PMID- 6989468 TI - [Hyperglycemia and the complications of maturity-onset diabetes]. AB - In this paper the principal investigations into the effects of glycemia and its treatment on the complications associated with maturity-onset diabetes are analysed. Two points are stressed. First, a consensus is lacking on the diagnostic levels of blood glucose; some diabetologists recommend a return to the use of fasting blood glucose values. Second, a definite causal relation between hyperglycemia (and its control) and the main complications of diabetes has not been established. Until the natural history of the condition and the effectiveness of hypoglycemic treatment on the long-term prognosis are better understood, systematic screening for maturity-onset diabetes in asymptomatic adults is not justified. In addition, patients with mildly abnormal blood glucose levels should be followed yearly to monitor the development of overt diabetes or other cardiovascular risk factors. They should be neither labelled as diabetics nor compelled to comply with a strict therapeutic regimen. PMID- 6989469 TI - Monique Begin: the person and the politician. PMID- 6989470 TI - Identification of adults at high risk of lung cancer. PMID- 6989473 TI - Behavioural and biofeedback treatment of writer's cramp. PMID- 6989471 TI - Can the computer ever take over the practice of medicine? PMID- 6989472 TI - CPA--yesterday and today. PMID- 6989475 TI - Early history of CPA. The Canadian Psychiatric Association. 1951-1958. PMID- 6989474 TI - Mental health consequences of abortion and refused abortion. PMID- 6989476 TI - Extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting in the testicle: a clinical and pathologic study of 24 cases. AB - Twenty-four cases of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting in the testicle are reviewed. All cases are diffuse lymphoma by the Rappaport classification. Cases clinically stages as I/II, (18/24) show a prolonged survival compared with those clinically staged as III/IV (6 of 24). Progressive involvement of either the lymphoid tissue in Waldeyer's ring or adjacent structures in the nasopharynx or oropharynx was noted in 22% (4 of 18) of Stage I/II cases. In 2 of the 24 (8%), there was asynchronous involvement of the opposite testicle. In patients with Stage I/II disease radiation therapy to the pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes following inguinal orchidectomy is recommended. Systemic chemotherapy is recommended to follow radiation therapy unless bulky abdominal disease is present in which case it should precede radiation therapy. Prophylactic radiation of the opposite uninvolved testis is not recommended. PMID- 6989477 TI - Morphofunctional study of pituitary adenomas with acromegaly by immunoperoxidase technique and electron microscopy. AB - In attempting to establish a functional classification of acidophilic adenomas of the pituitary gland, immunoperoxidase staining techniques specific for growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were carried out. Surgically removed specimens from 24 acromegalic patients were studied. The pathologic observations were then compared with the basal plasma levels of each of the hormones. The existence of GH was demonstrated in all patients. Immunohistologically, GH-secreting adenomas could be subdivided into three types: Type I had the highest plasma-GH level (average 121 ng/ml), while the average plasma-GH levels of types II and III were 103 ng/ml and 73 ng/ml, respectively. This result suggested that the serum-GH level may correlate with the GH cell population in a tumor. In 13 of the acromegalic patients, immunoenzyme methods were utilized in order to identify prolactin cells. No clear correlation between serum-PRL levels and the distribution of PRL cells could be demonstrated. A few immunoreactive LH cells were found in 13 patients. These LH cells may be a mixture of normal cells, based on our clinical finding. PMID- 6989478 TI - Malignant effusions in recurrent breast cancer: steroid hormone receptor analysis of effusion fluid derived cells. AB - Estrogen and progesterone receptor determination in breast cancer is of significance in determining a patient's potential response to hormonal manipulation. One practical limitation to this procedure has been availability of material for receptor assay. We describe 12 patients in whom quantitative estrogen and/or progesterone receptor analysis was accomplished utilizing tumor cells obtained from malignant effusions. The ability to obtain quantitative steroid receptor data on material derived from malignant effusions provides an effective source for this important biochemical parameter in patients in whom no other tumor tissue is available for study. PMID- 6989479 TI - Effect of sodium fluoride, calcium carbonate, and vitamin D on the skeleton in multiple myeloma. AB - Fifteen patients with multiple myeloma were treated with sodium fluoride (50 mg twice daily) plus calcium carbonate (1 g four times daily) or with the same fluoride-calcium dosage plus vitamin D (50,000 U twice weekly). All patients had increased bone formation, as shown by microradiography and videodensitometry. Ten patients had osteosclerosis demonstrated by roentgenograms. Compressive strength of the vertebral bodies was greater among those who received fluoride-calcium than among controls. Densitometry studies were not helpful. Side-effects were minimal and consisted of nausea and fibrositic symptoms. Hypocalcemia occurred less frequently in patients who received vitamin D along with fluoride-calcium. Administration of sodium fluoride and calcium carbonate produces an increase in bone mass and is a useful adjunct treatment for patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 6989480 TI - Testicular cancer: risk factors and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6989481 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for the therapy of refractory adult T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Two adult patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) received an intensive multiagent therapeutic regimen and failed to enter remission. Following cytoreduction with cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg x 2) and total body irradiation (1000 rads) they underwent bone marrow transplantation. One patient received marrow from his identical twin brother and the other from his HLA-matched sister. Both patients promptly went into remission. The identical twin recipient is alive and free of disease at 20+ months, but the allogeneic patient died of P. carinii pneumonia at eight months with no evidence of leukemia. These results suggest that even some refractory patients whose disease has multiple negative prognostic features may respond to pretransplant chemoradiotherapy and attain a clinically useful complete remission. Additional patients with longer follow-up will be necessary before the curative potential of bone marrow transplantation in T cell ALL can be assessed. PMID- 6989482 TI - Testicular relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: association with pretreatment patient characteristics and treatment. A report for Childrens Cancer Study Group. AB - Of 395 male pediatric patients with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 20 (5%) exhibited testicular infiltration prior to or concurrent with their first bone marrow relapse. Fourteen occurred as an isolated relapse and six occurred concomitant with bone marrow and/or central nervous system relapse. Nine of the 20 relapses were in patients who had discontinued therapy after completing three years of continuous complete remission. Factors found to be independently associated with an increased risk of testicular relapse during maintained remission included pretreatment lymphadenopathy, and to a lesser extent, initial hemoglobin level and initial platelet count. Pretreatment splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy appear to imply an increased risk of testicular relapse for those patients who have their maintenance therapy discontinued. Time from testicular relapse to bone marrow relapse or death was significantly shorter for patients with testicular involvement while receiving chemotherapy when compared to patients with testicular relapse after discontinuing therapy. In those patients achieving three years of continuous complete remission, subsequent testicular relapse occurred significantly more often in patients who discontinued therapy than a similar group who continued therapy. In a group of 76 males who received presymptomatic gonadal radiation immediately after achieving an initial marrow remission, protection appears to have been provided against the manifestation of testicular leukemia during maintained remission. PMID- 6989483 TI - Factors related to length of complete remission in adult acute leukemia. AB - Two hundred and two adult patients with acute leukemia were analyzed to determine pretreatment and treatment factors that could predict for duration of bone marrow remission. Several factors had a significant effect on remission duration, including morphologic diagnosis (AML greater than ALL greater than AUL), initial blast cell count, age, serum LDH, fibrinogen level, labeling index, and in vitro agar colony growth. Patients who attained a remission quickly or in whom leukemic cells in blood and bone marrow were rapidly cleared had long remissions. After applying regression model fitting methods, the six major factors, in order of significance, were the initial serum LDH level, pretreatment fibrinogen level, the number of courses of treatment to obtain a remission, morphologic diagnosis, the halving rate of leukemic cells in the blood, and the age of the patient. The model derived from this study was applied to the 202 patients and suggested that patients likely to have short or long bone marrow remission can be identified. PMID- 6989484 TI - Lack of oncogenicity with immunosuppressive therapy. AB - The effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the incidence of malignancy was examined in BALB/c mice. In a short (31-week) protocol study, malignancy was induced by inoculating animals with 10(2.1) ID50 of lymphatic leukemia virus. Antilymphocyte antiserum and azathioprine increased the mortality and shortened the latency period of leukemia. Combining these two agents had a synergistic effect. The concept of immunological surveillance was investigated in a long-term protocol using the identical animal and immunosuppressive systems. Mice did not receive leukemia virus and were observed for development of spontaneous malignancy. Significant immunodepression was demonstrated after 348 days of immunosuppressive therapy. After two years, all surviving animals were killed and examined for neoplasia. There was no evidence that immunodepression increased the incidence of spontaneous malignancy. Immunosuppression adversely influenced exogenously administered, virus-induced murine leukemia. However, immunosuppressive therapy was not innately oncogenic and the concept of immunological surveillance was not confirmed. PMID- 6989485 TI - Serum copper levels in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Levels of serum copper in 34 patients with adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at different phases of the disease have been studied. All of the patients were evaluated with complete blood counts, sedimentation rate, gallium scintigraphy, liver and bone marrow biopsies, lymph node biopsy, and laparoscopy. The level of serum copper was significantly elevated in non-responding or relapsing patients (mean 191.06 micrograms/dl), and correlated with the estimated tumor burden. Serum copper levels within normal range were found in patients in complete remission (mean 114.76 micrograms/dl). Age- and sex-matched normal controls also showed serum copper levels within normal range (mean 112.81 micrograms/dl). It is proposed that serial measurements of serum copper level may be of use in: (1) monitoring the remission status of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, (2) detecting early relapse of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and (3) contrary to previous reports by Hrgovcic et al., the level of serum copper seems to be related to the disease activity of histiocytic lymphoma. PMID- 6989486 TI - Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma presenting with gastrointestinal tract lesions. The Stanford experience. AB - The medical records of all patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) presenting for treatment at the Stanford University Medical Center between 1970 1978 were reviewed. From this group of 284 patients, 48 were identified with gastrointestinal tract lesions at initial evaluation. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom. Anorexia, weight loss, malaise, and weakness were also common complaints. Twenty percent of these patients noted abdominal masses and 15% experienced gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastric involvement was found in 56% of patients, small intestine in 25%, large intestine in 10%, and pancreas 8%. Following treatment, 83% of Stage IE patients, 43% of Stage IIE patients, and 27% of patients with Stage III and IV DHL achieved durable complete remissions. Considering all stages, a 54% complete remission rate was observed. Of the 26 patients achieving a complete remission, seven have relapsed and the remaining continue free of disease from 6+ to 82+ months. The median survival for patients obtaining a CR was greater than 36 months. Gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation probably as a consequence of therapy was noted 25% of patients. The implications of these findings for improved therapeutic programs and investigations are discussed. PMID- 6989487 TI - Immune responses in lung cancer patients measured by a modified leukocyte adherence inhibition test using serum. AB - A modified leukocyte adherence inhibition (H-LAI) assay was used to study immunological factors in serum from lung cancer patients. In this test, 0.25% serum was added to the assay system, together with tumor antigen and trypsinized leukocytes from control persons. Extracts from a human lung cancer cell line (Calu-1) and a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were used as antigens. The results obtained were compared with data found with the original hemocytometer (C LAI) assay. Of 21 lung cancer patients studied, 20 (95%) gave a positive response in both the H-LAI and the C-LAI assay systems against Calu-1 antigen. Only 1 of the patients gave a positive response in the H-LAI system against MCF-7 antigen, while 3 patients (14%) responded in the C-LAI assay. None of the 14 control persons tested gave a positive response. While the C-LAI assay was limited to the use of fresh blood, the H-LAI system was performed on small amounts of serum. The serum could be stored in the frozen state for a long time period. The results indicate that the H-LAI assay possesses at least the same sensitivity and specificity as the original C-LAI test. PMID- 6989488 TI - Norharman and ellipticine: a comparison of their albilities to interact with DNA in vitro. AB - The anti-tumor agent ellipticine has been compared in vitro with the bacterial co mutagen norharman, a compound which it resembles superfically in chemical structure. Ellipticine was shown to stabilize the structure of double stranded calf-thymus DNA, to induce mutations in strain TA153 of Salmonella tryhimurium and to cause BHK cells to transform. Further, the major absorbance in its visible spectrum underwent a red shift of approximately 40 nm in the presence of native DNA. It is concluded that ellipticine intercalates with dna, and from this, that its action as an anti-tumor agent may, as has been previously suggested, be dependent upon this property. In contrast, norharman, a chemical suspected initially of being an intercalating agent, failed to stabilize the structure of DNA, was non-mutagenic to the same strain of S. typhimurium and was inactive as cell-transforming agent. In addition, its visible spectrum was not affected by the presence of DNA. The last observation is contrary to the conclusion of other workers, and an explanation of this difference is given. It is concluded that norharman is not capable of intercalating with DNA, and consequently, its mode of action as a co-mutagen is probably dependent upon its ability to inhibit certain mixed-function oxidase enzymes present in the liver activation system employed with in vitro mutagenicity assays. PMID- 6989489 TI - Formation of mutagens in cooked foods. II. Foods with high starch content. AB - Mutagens, detectable Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 after activation by liver S-9 fraction, are formed when starchy foods are cooked. Potatoes were fried and breads were toasted, baked and fried to produce mutagenically active substances. While toasting both white bread and dark bread produce the mutagens at the same initial rate, dark bread products much higher levels of mutagenicity when toasted for long times. Significant mutagenic activity is produced when starchy foods are prepared by common cooking procedures. PMID- 6989490 TI - Coping with cancer: a guide for health care professionals. PMID- 6989491 TI - Pharmacological studies comparing the mechanism of tumor-induced and activated macrophage-induced bone marrow cytolysis. PMID- 6989492 TI - Mechanism of deoxycytidine rescue of thymidine toxicity in human T-leukemic lymphocytes. AB - Cultured malignant human lymphocytes are highly sensitive to growth inhibition by thymidine (50% inhibitory dose congruent to 10(-5) M). Growth inhibition reflects sustained elevation of the deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate pool associated with secondary elevation of the deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate pool and reduction in the deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (dCTP) pool. Deoxycytidine was capable of partially reversing thymidine growth inhibition at a concentration of 0.5 microM, and growth recovery was virtually complete at 8 microM. The dCTP pool remained depressed until growth inhibition reversal by deoxycytidine was complete, and at a higher concentration of deoxycytidine the dCTP rose above control levels, but the deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate and deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate pools remained elevated. These results support the view that thymidine growth inhibition induces a critical deficiency of dCTP via allosteric inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase rather than inhibiting DNA replication directly by elevated deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate or deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate pools. PMID- 6989493 TI - Dr. Eric Boyland. PMID- 6989495 TI - Selective localization and growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum in mouse tumors following intravenous administration. AB - A strain of domestic bacteria, Bifidobacterium bifidum (Lac B), which is nonpathogenic and anerobic, selectively localized and proliferated in several types of mouse tumors following i.v. administration. None of the same bacilli could be detected in the tissues of healthy organs such as the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, blood, bone marrow, and muscle 48 or 96 hr after i.v. administration into tumor-bearing mice. Proliferation of Lac B in the tumor was artifically stimulated by i.p. administration of DDD-H-2s mice of a synthesized disaccharide, lactulose (4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose), a sugar which is not metabolized by mammalian tissue cells. Lac B, which survices and proliferates selectively in the tumor following i.v. administration into the tumor-bearing host, should aid in diagnosis and selective therapy for cancer. PMID- 6989494 TI - Mutagenicity of benzo(e)pyrene and triphenylene tetrahydroepoxides and diol epoxides in bacterial and mammalian cells. PMID- 6989496 TI - Chronic vascular disease of the upper extremity: radiologic and clinical features. AB - The major chronic vascular diseases of the upper extremity are (1) subclavian artery occlusions, (2) thoracic outlet syndrome, and (3) angiospastic disease of the hand. Central subclavian artery lesions ease of the hand. Central subclavian artery lesions can have either hemodynamic consequences (subclavian steal syndrome) or, by peripheral embolization, can provoke ischemic symptoms of the hand. Costoclavicular narrowing can cause functional or fixed stenosis of the subclavian artery and can also involve the vein or brachial plexus. Symptoms due to pressure on the brachial plexus are most frequent, but embolization to the peripheral vessels may also occur. Angiospastic disease, the most frequent lesion of upper extremity vessels, comprises three types: Raynaud's disease, in which there are intermittent attacks of coldness and discoloration without evidence of occlusion on the angiogram; asphyxia manus et digitorum in which the attacks are also intermittent but there is morphologic evidence of occlusion; and digitus moriens or mortuus, in which there is a painful, permanent discoloration. All investigations of chronic vascular disease of the upper extremity should begin with arch aortography and then proceed to a selective catheterization of the vessels that are presumed to be involved. PMID- 6989498 TI - [Bacteriological proof of sepsis during postmortem examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989497 TI - Renal venography: anatomy, technique, applications, analysis of 132 venograms, and a review of the literature. AB - Selective renal venography is a simple but important diagnostic procedure which has few complications. A thorough knowledge of renal venous anatomy is essential for its proper performance and clinical application. This is particularly true because renal venous variations are frequent and may interfere with the successful appraoch to retroperitoneal surgery. The method is widely accepted for the evaluation of the renal venous bed in patients with suspected renal vein thrombosis or hematuria of unknown etiology. It depicts the extent of renal venous involvement in renal carcinoma and clarifies the diagnosis in some patients with avascular tumors, renal pelvic carcinoma, and retroperitoneal tumors. It may also be useful in defining the morphologic abnormality when the kidney fails to visualize on urography, in delineating the extent and nature of renal parenchymal disease, and in enhancing the precision of renal vein renin collection. PMID- 6989500 TI - [Dr. Emil Matejicek, 60 years old]. PMID- 6989499 TI - [The father of medicine, Avicenna, in our science and culture. Abu Ali ibn Sina (980-1037)]. PMID- 6989501 TI - [Journal of Czech Physicians 100 years ago]. PMID- 6989502 TI - [Dr. Jiri Rostlapil, 60 years old]. PMID- 6989503 TI - [The 1st meeting of Czech physicians and naturalists in Prague in 1880]. PMID- 6989505 TI - Cell-production rates estimated by the use of vincristine sulphate and flow cytometry. II. Correlation between the cell-production rates of ageing ascites tumours and the number of S phase tumour cells. AB - A new method for the evaluation of cell production rates combining flow cytometry (FCM) and the stathmokinetic method using vincristine sulphate (VS) has been used for the analysis of three aneuploid ascites tumours at different stages of growth. Using this technique it was possible to estimate the well-known decrease in cell production rates of ageing ascites tumours. The percentage of normal host cells in the aneuploid tumours studied was easily determined by FCM prior to the calculation of the tumour cell-production rates. A correlation was found between the percentage of tumour cells in the S phase and the tumour cell-production rate. This correlation is probably explained by the gradual transfer of proliferating cells in S phase to resting G1 and G2 phases with increasing tumour age. PMID- 6989504 TI - Cell-production rates estimated by the use of vincristine sulphate and flow cytometry. I. An in vitro study using murine tumour cell lines. AB - A method for the evaluation of cell-production rates is described which combines flow cytometry (FCM) and the stathmokinetic method. By means of FCM it is possible to estimate the distribution of cells with G1, S and (G2 + M) DNA content in a population. As this method gives the relative (G2 + M) DNA content of cells within the cell cycle, it may be possible to evaluate cell-production rates by this technique. In the present study it was found that administration of a metaphase-arresting (stathmokinetic) agent, vincristine sulphate (VS), to asynchronous cell populations of three different murine tumour cell lines in vitro increased the peak representing cells with (G2 + M) DNA content as the number of mitotic (M) cells increased during the period of treatment. The accumulation of mitotic cells was determined by cell counts on smears under the microscope and compared with increase in the (G2 + M) DNA peak measured by FCM as a function of time after the administration of VS. Good agreement was obtained between the cell-production rates as estimated by FCM and by mitotic counts in all three cell lines investigated. PMID- 6989506 TI - Variability of short-term cultures of HeLa S-3 cells: changes in DNA distributions and rates of DNA synthesis. AB - DNA distributions of HeLa S-3 cells in spinner culture exhibit significant time dependent changes. The major differences appear to occur in the S-phase region. Significant changes in the rates of DNA synthesis in several S-phase subcompartments correlated well with the changes in the DNA distributions. It is proposed that fluctuations in these rates of DNA synthesis are a reflection of the inherent instability of these abnormal, heteroploid cells. PMID- 6989507 TI - A simplified method of DNA distribution analysis. AB - Current methods of analysing DNA distributions utilize complex mathematical expressions that require the use of large non-linear curve fitting methods and, consequently, large computers. This paper presents a new method of analysing DNA distributions of asynchronously growing or mildly perturbed cells. The S phase fraction is obtained by fitting a second degree polynomial to that part of the distribution, mid S phase, which is not influenced by either the G1 or the G2 + M peaks. The method is simple and fast, it exceeds the accuracy of other methods and it can be used on a large desk calculator or mini-computer. PMID- 6989509 TI - Membrane defects of the tolerant B cell. III. Defective receptor replacement. PMID- 6989508 TI - A critical review of the use of vincristine (VCR) as a tumour cell synchronizing agent in cancer therapy. AB - Vincristine (VCR) has been used clinically in so-called 'tumour cell synchronization therapy schedules'. These schedules are based on the assumption that cells, arrested in metaphase by low doses of VCR, subsequently re-enter the proliferative cycle synchronously. However, the evidence that tumour cell synchrony can be achieved under clinical conditions or that 'cell synchronization therapy schedules' yield a better therapeutic response than other efficient combination schemes, is scanty. Further, even in experimental systems, the efficacy of VCR as a cell synchronizing agent is disputed. Indeed, in some systems, cells arrested in metaphase by low doses of VCR, do not re-enter a normal proliferative cycle at all following arrest. In addition, the complex nature of the VCR-tumour interaction and the heterogeneous nature of the tumour cell populations against which it is used augurs badly for the successful application of cell synchronization therapy schedules. PMID- 6989510 TI - Expression and shedding of major histocompatibility complex product and blood group antigens by cells in monolayer cultures. PMID- 6989512 TI - [The death of Dr. Blazej Raska]. PMID- 6989513 TI - [History of the last smallpox in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 6989514 TI - [On the birthday of Dr. Jiri Rodling]. PMID- 6989515 TI - Evaluation of inotropic contractile reserve in ischemic heart disease using postextrasystolic potentiation. PMID- 6989516 TI - The expanding role of microsomal enzyme induction, and its implications for clinical chemistry. PMID- 6989511 TI - Lectin induction of lymphokines in cultured murine leukocytes. PMID- 6989517 TI - Enzyme-linked immunoassay for placental lactogen in human serum. AB - We describe an enzyme-linked immunoassay for measuring human placental lactogen (HPL) in serum. After suitable dilution, sera are pipetted into the wells of polyvinyl microtitre plates previously coated with anti-HPL. After incubation the sera are decanted, and replaced by a conjugate of horseradish peroxidase and anti HPL. An amount of enzyme proportional to the concentration of HPL in the serum is bound to the wells via an antibody--HPL--antibody bridge. Peroxidase activity is measured by oxidation of o-phenylenediamine, the resulting color being related to the concentration of HPL. Results correlate well with those by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.96). Our between-assay coefficient of variation was 13%; no discernible effect of protein was observed. This 4-h assay can be used to monitor placental function in pregnancy. PMID- 6989518 TI - Rapid liquid-chromatographic measurement of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and other monoamine metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6989519 TI - Quarter-century bibliographic review of Clinical Chemistry. PMID- 6989520 TI - The use of microvascular free flaps for soft tissue augmentation of the face in children with hemifacial microsomia. AB - The extent of facial deformity from hemifacial microsomia varies considerably. Minor degrees of asymmetry may be barely perceptible. Severe defects involve deficiencies and asymmetry of bone and soft tissue. Hence, reconstruction of both soft and hard tissues may be necessary. The authors have utilized a free flap based on the superior gluteal vessels to replace soft tissue deficits in three children with hemifacial microsomia. The flap, composed of fascia lata, adjacent muscle and fat (two patients) and overlying skin (one patient), is harvested through an incision high on the lateral thigh in the "bathing trunk" area. The vessels, measuring 0.5--1.0 mm. were anastomosed to the facial (one patient) and superficial temporal (two patients) vessels. In one child, simultaneous mandibular restructuring was done with bone grafts. The children ranged in age from four to eight years. Follow-up is for five to seven months. Although this microvascular procedure requires a prolonged anesthetic, it permits more accurate and predictable reconstruction. Scars are placed in inconspicuous or concealed areas. Simultaneous bony reconstruction can be done. Details of the procedure and an evaluation of postoperative results are presented. PMID- 6989521 TI - A simplified solid-phase immunofluorescence assay for measurement of serum immunoglobulins. AB - A simple 2-step solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay for the determination of serum immunoglobulins is described. The method employs a stabilized solid-phase immunoadsorbent consisting of antigen immobilized on a cellulose acetate/nitrate disc attached to a plastic StiQTM sampler. The polymeric disc serves both as a substrate for immobilization and as a highly uniform surface upon which very precise fluorescence determinations may be made. The assays rely upon the reaction of a precise and limiting amount of mono-specific fluorescent antibody with the specific antigen present in a test sample. Residual unreacted fluorescently labeled antibody is allowed to bind to the immunoadsorbent; non specifically bound antibody is removed in a wash step. The amount of labeled antibody bound is inversely proportional to the amount of antigen present in the test sample. The fluorescence of the bound labeled antibody is measured using a FIAX surface-reading fluorometer. Comparison of this new procedure with the commercially available (4-step) FIAX assay, which requires generation of immunoadsorbent in situ, demonstrated excellent correlation between the two methods. The new 2-step procedure provides results in a much shorter period of time and requires one-half to one-eighth of the operator time required for the other available solid-phase fluoroimmunoassays. PMID- 6989523 TI - [Fundamental examination of new RCC insulin immunoassay kit using PEG method (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989522 TI - Improved reaction buffers for solid-phase enzyme immunoassay without interference by serum factors. AB - A gelatin moderately digested by a protease, was as effective as original gelatin to remove the interference by serum factors with a sandwich immunoassay for insulin. Digestion of gelatin resulted in decrease in the viscosity, and the buffer containing the digested gelatin did not show gelation at 4 degrees C. Therefore the buffer involving the digested gelatin might be widely useful for the immunoassay without interference by serum factors. PMID- 6989524 TI - [Steroid hormone receptor and gene regulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989525 TI - [Breast cancer and hormone receptors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989526 TI - [Determination of plasma renin activity using gammer coat [125I] PRA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989527 TI - [Technical basis and some clinical trials of RIA gnost Trypsin Kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989528 TI - Malignant tumours of the nasopharynx: 220 cases 1957--1966. PMID- 6989529 TI - In vivo elimination of equine antilymphocyte globulin by renal allograft recipients. PMID- 6989530 TI - Polyclonal antibody synthesis and autoantibody formation in mice inoculated with murine sarcoma virus. PMID- 6989532 TI - The karyotype in refractory anaemia and pre-leukaemia. PMID- 6989531 TI - Aberrant maturation of the immune response to the thymus-independent antigen DNP Lys--Ficoll by New Zealand Black mice. PMID- 6989533 TI - Diseases of DNA repair. AB - A number of disparate clinical syndromes have been loosely grouped together under the leading of diseases of DNA repair. More logically they should perhaps be termed diseases of diminished capacity to cope with DNA damage, since in only three has defective DNA repair been established as a basis so far. These are xeroderma pigmentosum, ataxia telangiectasia and Fanconi's anaemia. Increased sensitivity may be to radiation, to particular types of chemical mutagens, or to both. This sensitivity may be reflected in an increased liability to chromosome aberrations, decreased cell survival in culture and, in some cases only, increased mutagenesis. In many cases there is an associated increased liability to develop malignant tumours. These syndromes are genetically autosomal recessive so that it is the relatively rare homozygotes which display the full clinical picture. In some cases, however, the heterozygotes share the increased liability to cancer: since these are of relatively high frequency, they may be quantitatively important in the genetics of some human cancers including leukaemias. Immunological abnormalities are common and frequently are selective. This suggests the possibility that the repair systems whose defects are monitored by decreased capacity to cope with DNA damage may also perform functions essential to differentiation during embryonic development. At a molecular level knowledge of the fundamental defects in each of these groups of human mutants is still rudimentary. There is sufficient evidence, however, to conclude that each group is genetically heterogeneous, involving more than one gene locus, so that the total number of genes involved is probably large. PMID- 6989534 TI - Cytogenetic techniques in haematology. PMID- 6989535 TI - Lymphocytic leukaemias, acute and chronic. PMID- 6989536 TI - Chemonucleolysis: experience with 2000 cases. AB - Chemonucleolysis is a safe, relatively minor procedure which can be done with the patient under local anesthesia. If the procedure is confined to patients with sciatica resulting from a herniated intervertebral disk, and patients with non organic spinal pain, spinal stenosis and poor response to previous surgery are excluded, good results can be anticipated. It is important that the technique include proper placement of the needle and injection of adequate amounts of chymopapain into a disk space which is free of other materials. Chemonucleolysis is a good procedure to bridge the wide gulf between standard conservative treatment and surgery. PMID- 6989537 TI - Surgical correction of the splayfoot: the Giannestras procedure. AB - Clinically, the splayfoot is characterized by valgus of the great toe with bunion formation in association with a relative varus position of the first metatarsal. On the lateral side of the foot, there is varus of the fifth toe with a relative valgus position of the fifth metatarsal and resultant bunionette formation. Radiographically, splayfoot is characterized by an intermetatarsal angle between the first and second metatarsals of greater than 12 degrees, and an intermetatarsal angle between the fourth and fifth metatarsals of greater than 8 degrees. The Giannestras splayfoot procedure consists of excision of the bunion and bunionette, adductor tenotomy, opening-wedge osteotomy of the first and fifth metatarsal bases, and realignment of the first and fifth toes. One-hundred and sixteen splayfoot operations were performed in 72 patients, with an average follow-up of 5.2 years. Results were considered excellent in 33% (39 feet), good in 45% (52 feet), fair in 14% (16 feet), and poor in 8% (9 feet). The primary cause of a fair or poor result was collapse of the bone graft at the base of the first metatarsal, causing recurrent varus and symptomatic hallux valgus. PMID- 6989539 TI - The classic. The principle of early active movement in treating fractures of the upper extremity: J. W. Dowden, M.B., F.R.C.S. PMID- 6989538 TI - Relationships of static and kinetic histomorphometric features of bone. AB - Morphologic features of non-decalcified histologic sections of bone assessed by conventional staining techniques were quantitatively compared with kinetic parameters of the same sections as evaluated by time-spaced, fluorescent tetracycline markers. Double tetracycline labels appeared in apposition to more than 90% of osteoid seams lined by histologically characteristic osteoblasts in a biopsy exhibiting accelerated skeletal metabolism. In contrast, less than half of such surfaces exhibited a double tetracycline label in slowly remodeling bone. Furthermore, in actively metabolizing bone, double labels were found juxtaposed to approximately one-third of osteoid surfaces not lined by typical osteoblasts, and to more than 9% of surfaces exhibiting no osteoid seam at all. Single tetracycline labels were also present in association with non-osteoid lined surfaces in both biopsies. These data underscore the necessity of time-spaced tetracycline markers in ascribing kinetic features to histologic parameters of bone. PMID- 6989540 TI - Septic arthritis in a Charcot joint. AB - Two patients with Charcot joints developed septic arthritis. The infection in the first patient was treated successfully by repeated needle aspirations and parenteral oxacillin administration. In the second patient closed drainage and parenteral penicillin were not successful in eradicating the infection, and surgical incision with suction drainage was required. Technical difficulties achieving arthrodesis in a Charcot joint suggest that repeated needle aspirations are the preferred method of initial joint drainage. Surgical drainage is advised for loculated, grossly purulent parts of the joint. PMID- 6989541 TI - A newly devised "three-one" method for the surgical treatment of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. AB - Patients selected for surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis can be divided into 4 groups (Table 1). In the first group, those with back pain only and no nerve root involvement, are treated by a Bosworth clothespin graft or a Gill procedure. In the third group, those who have forward displacement with nerve root impingement, are treated by a Cloward fusion or a "Three-One" procedure. In the fourth group, those with a degree of listhesis more than 25%, a satisfactory reduction of the affected area may not be possible. This fourth group is treated by the Vidal procedure using Harrington rods to correct the displacement and a Cloward-type fusion for stabilization. PMID- 6989542 TI - The classic. Operation for repair of the crucial ligaments Ernest W. Hey Groves, MD., F.R.C.S. PMID- 6989543 TI - Fractures of the adult femur excluding the femoral head and neck: a review and evaluation of current therapy. AB - A review and appraisal of current methods of treatment of fractures of the femur including operative and nonoperative methods as well as complications or limitations of various methods, reveals that a specific appliance or procedure is of value only when used with proper indication and proper technique. When internal fixation is performed, load-sharing between appliance and bone is mandatory, because of the large mechanical stresses involved. Intramedullary fixation permits load-sharing more often than extramedullary fixation and should be used on femoral fractures whenever possible. Conservative management with traction and braces can be valuable for young patients with fracture of the distal femur, but requires careful technique and follow-up to avoid excessive shortening or deformity. The proximal, middle and distal part of the femur should be evaluated separately as each area has specific anatomic limiations and biomechanical requirements. PMID- 6989544 TI - Meningitis. Update of recommendations for the neonate. AB - Our series of children with meningitis shows an increase in the frequency of isolation of Hemophilus influenzae type B. This increase is most marked among children between one and two months of age. Since H. influenzae was found in five of the seven children between thirty and sixty days of age, we recommend the use of chloramphenicol for the initial treatment of bacterial meningitis after the first month of life. Additionally, our mortality data suggest that early diagnosis and intensive supportive therapy can contribute to a further decrease in the fatality rate of this disease. PMID- 6989545 TI - Tiopinac in rheumatoid arthritis: a three-phase dose-ranging, efficacy, and aspirin-withdrawal protocol. AB - We designed a clinical trial to obtain dose-ranging, efficacy, and aspirin withdrawal data on tiopinac in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. To accomplish this without exposing the patients to risk of disease exacerbation and avoiding type II error, we used a 3-phase protocol adding tiopinac to current therapy. The 3 phases-open-label dose ranging, double-blind tiopinac versus placebo, and aspirin withdrawal-began after a single-blind run-in period. The manufacturer withdrew tiopinac from investigation because of toxicity at higher doses, but with only 13 patients we found that tiopinac (up to 300 mg/day) decreased walking time, painful joints, and morning stiffness and increased grip strength (p less than 0.05). Both the global evaluation by the investigators and patient ratings of their activity showed superiority of tiopinac (tiopinac: 5 better, 1 worse; placebo: 1 better, 6 worse; p = 0.028 by Fisher's exact test). Complete aspirin withdrawal could be accomplished in only 3 patients, although in 10 of 13 the dose could be reduced 50% of baseline or less. The 3-phase protocol indicated effectiveness, a dose range, and partial aspirin replacement with minimal patient risk. PMID- 6989546 TI - Disposition of captopril in normal subjects. AB - The disposition of captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with antihypertensive properties, was studied in 10 normal male subjects after a single 100-mg tablet of 35S-labeled drug. Average absorption parameters for unchanged captopril in blood were Tmax 0.93 +/- 0.08 hr and Cmax 800 +/- 76 ng/ml. For total radioactivity in blood the values were Tmax 1.05 +/- 0.08 hr and Cmax 1,580 +/- 90 ng/ml (as captopril equivalents). Because of the curvilinearity of the semilogarithmic plots of blood concentrations of captopril:time, elimination half-life (t1/2) of unchanged drug could not be determined. At 1 hr unchanged captopril accounted for about 52% of total radioactivity in blood, and the dimeric disulfide metabolite of captopril accounted for about 10%. In the first 5 days after dosing, an average of about 68% of the radioactive dose was recovered in urine and 18% in feces. The distribution of radioactivity in the first 24-hr urine sample (66% of the dose) was 58% captopril (38% of dose), 2% captopril disulfide (1.5% of dose), and 40% unidentified polar metabolites (26% of dose). PMID- 6989547 TI - Effects of amiloride on oral glucose loading, serum potassium, renin, and aldosterone in diet-controlled diabetes. AB - The effects of amiloride on oral glucose loading, serum potassium, renin, and aldosterone were evaluated in 10 patients with diet-controlled diabetes. Eight had mild hypertension, and 2 had normal blood pressure. Prior to receiving amiloride all were studied for renin and aldosterone responses while supine and after 2 hr ambulation. All had a normal response to change in position in the renin and aldosterone systems. Before administration of amiloride glucose tolerance tests were carried out, with simultaneous determinations for potassium and insulin. Amiloride 5 to 10 mg was given orally for 6 wk. Blood glucose and serum potassium levels were monitored weekly. After 6 wk renin and aldosterone responses were again determined, as were oral glucose tolerance and serum potassium and serum insulin levels. Amiloride did not induce hyperkalemia in these diabetic patients and did not alter the postamiloride relationship. It is concluded that amiloride is safe for patients with an intact renin aldosterone system, more especially those with normal renal function and diet-controlled diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6989548 TI - Dental and social effects of malocclusion and effectivenessof orthodontic treatment: a review. AB - The relationship between malocclusion and the health of the masticatory apparatus is reviewed. While there is evidence that certain features such as traumatic deep overbite, unprotected incisors and impacted teeth may adversely affect the longevity of the dentition, the relationship of dental irregularity to periodontal disease, caries and mandibular dysfunction is less certain. Studies in the field of social psychology indicate that an unattractive physical appearance may evoke an unfavourable social response in many facets of social interaction but the place of dentofacial anomalies in this context has not been satisfactorily assessed. The individual's adjustment to his own imperfections in dental alignment is variable and there is no evidence that children with visible irregulaities will in general be emotionally handicapped. Effectiveness studies have yet to be undertaken but the factors which will have to be taken into account in assessing the benefits of orthodontic treatment are the definition of treatment need, treatment standards, the disadvantages of treatment and the influence of other determinants of dental health. The need for further research is underlined. PMID- 6989549 TI - A 3-year clinical trial into the effect of fluoride content and toothpaste abrasivity on the caries inhibitory properties of a dentifrice. AB - The effect of reducing the abrasivity of toothpaste on dental caries was observed in a 3-year clinical trial involving 1106 11-13-year-old Berkshire schoolchildren were divided into three groups; Group 1 were allocated a low abrasivity paste containing 0.8% sodium monofluorophosphate, Group 2 a paste of conventional abrasivity also containing 0.8% sodium monofluorophosphate and Group 3 a low abrasivity non-fluoride paste. After 3 years the net DMFS increments (clinical and radiographic scores combined) were 4.22 in Group 1, 4.72 in Group 2 and 6.43 in Group 3. The differences between Groups 1 and 3 and between Groups 2 and 3 were highly significant (P less than 0.001). The mean increment in Group 1 was lower than in Group 2 but did not reach statistical significance. Reducing the abrasivity of the toothpaste had no meaningful effect on the standard of oral hygiene and prevalence of gingivitis as measured by the Gingival and Plaque Indices. PMID- 6989550 TI - ["The madhouse" by W. Kaulbach and the meaning of the picture interpreted by J.A. Schilling, 1863]. AB - This article deals with the picture "Das Narrenhaus" (the Madhouse) by W. Kaulbach and its interpretation by the psychiatrist J.A. Schilling, which he gave in his book "Psychiatrische Briefe" (psychiatric letters) in 1863. This picture is often used as a contemporary document for the situation in the treatment of the mentally ill at the beginning of the last century. The article points out doubts in this procedure. The interpretation by Schilling cannot be considered a document for psychiatric records; on the contrary, it is influenced by contemporary romantic medicine and utilises the picture to exemplify the theoretical concept of culpable human offence as the cause for mental illness. PMID- 6989551 TI - Francis H. Williams and the shadows of disease. PMID- 6989552 TI - High frequency mechanical ventilation in severe hyaline membrane disease an alternative treatment? AB - Twenty-four preterm infants with respiratory failure from severe hyaline membrane disease (HMD) received mechanical ventilation at high respiratory frequencies. The average birthweight of the infants was 1244 +/- 301 g, and 7 babies weighed less than 1000 g. The average gestational age was 30 +/- 2 weeks, and 6 infants were born at 28 weeks or less. The method of ventilation included (1) respiratory frequencies of 60--110/min, sometimes with brief manual ventilation at more rapid rates, (2) peak inflation pressures (PIP) of less than 35 cm H2O, (3) inspiratory durations of 0.15--0.25 sec, (4) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 4--9 cm H2O, and (5) weaning from mechanical ventilation by reducing tidal volume until peak inflation pressure (PIP) reached 20--25 cm H2O, whereupon respiratory frequency was decreased. PaCO2 was kept at 30--40 torr and PaO2 at 60--80 torr. Of the infants, 22 survived (92%) with few major complications. PMID- 6989553 TI - Assessment of cardiac filling pressure during continuous positive pressure ventilation. AB - Before and after 10 dogs were near-drowned with fresh water, cardiac filling pressures were measured during spontaneous respiration, controlled mechanical ventilation with ambient expiratory airway pressure, continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV) with 20 ml H2O PEEP, and CPPV alone. Pulmonary arterial occlusion and left ventricular end diastolic pressures were measured and compared. Intrapleural pressure was subtracted from values for each of these pressures to calculate respective transmural filling pressures. Mechanical ventilation and CPPV each decreased thoracic venous return, but only CPPV increased pulmonary arteriolar resistance. The increase of both airway pressure and pulmonary arteriolar resistance, in turn, increased both right atrial and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressures, but decreased left ventricular filling. Thus, measurement of pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure alone did not allow accurate assessment of cardiac filling pressure. The authors found that measurement of intrapleural pressure was necessary to obtain an accurate reflection of left ventricular filling pressure during CPPV. Momentary interruption of CPPV to measure any pressure was of no value in assessing vascular filling and caused pulmonary edema in several animals. Therefore, the authors recommend that vascular pressures be measured and evaluated without interruption of positive airway pressure. PMID- 6989554 TI - The Siemens-Elema Servo Ventilator 900 B for the management of newborn infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome: a 22-month trial. AB - The Siemens-Elema Servo Ventilator 900 B is an electronically-controlled, volume limited ventilator. To adapt this ventilator for use in newborns with respiratory failure, minute volume control, PEEP valves, air-oxygen blenders, and respiratory tubing circuits were modified. During a 22-month period, 161 newborn infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were managed with this ventilator. The overall survival rate was 66%; the incidence of barotrauma was 20%; the survival rate was 53%. Of the infants studied, 12% developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and 79% of these survived. Of the 19% of patients with a symptomatic intraventricular hemorrhage, 6% survived. The experience of the authors with this ventilator modified to manage newborn infants with severe RDS has been extremely encouraging. Furthermore, this ventilator is versatile because it can be readily recalibrated for use in older patients and can be easily adapted for patients requiring surgery. This ventilator has the extremely important advantage of being a volume ventilator which can effectively provide positive pressure ventilatory support to patients of all age and weight groups. PMID- 6989555 TI - The inaccuracy of using 100% oxygen to determine intrapulmonary shunts in spite of PEEP. PMID- 6989556 TI - Continuous transcutaneous oxygen monitoring in the critically ill neonate. A controlled clinical trial. AB - Ten neonates with respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen were studied during a continuous 24-h period to determine the value of continuous transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO2) monitoring. All 10 infants were continuously monitored during the study with a Clark-type skin electrode (Litton) and 5 of the 10 also had a catheter-tip oxygen electrode in place in the umbilical artery to measure umbilical artery O2 (PuaO2). The results of these two forms of monitoring were not available for the care of the infant during the study period. Hypoxia, as defined by a PO2 of less than 50 torr, occurred for an average of 237 +/- 51 min/24 h from continuous PtcO2 monitoring as compared with 146 +/- 33 min/24 h by estimation from arterial blood gas (PaO2) (p less than 0.05). Hyperoxia, a PO2 of greater than 75 torr, occurred 69 +/- 16 min/24 h in the continuous group and 113 +/- 26 min/24 h from PaO2 estimations. Severe hypoxia, a PO2 of less than 30 torr, was not observed from PaO2 estimations, but was seen for an average 32 +/- 15 min/24 h from the PtcO2 monitoring. These latter differences were not significant. Correlation between PaO2 and PtcO2 values (r = 0.93) was greater than the correlation between PaO2 and PuaO2 (r = 0.81). PtcO2 = 19.7 +/- 0.74 X PuaO2, and the correlation coefficient between PtcO2 and PuaO2 was 0.64. Continuous oxygen monitoring revealed significantly longer periods of hypoxia than that observed from blood gas estimations alone and its use in the low birth weight infant should result in more rational ventilatory therapy and in fewer episodes of hypoxia. PMID- 6989557 TI - High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV): a review. PMID- 6989558 TI - Blood pressure and primary hypertension in childhood and adolescence. PMID- 6989559 TI - Management of pressure sores. PMID- 6989562 TI - A simple procedure for distinguishing fluorescent bodies from certain artifacts in interphase Y-chromosome screening. PMID- 6989561 TI - Yeast stimulation of bone marrow mitosis for cytogenetic investigations. AB - We report a simple, dependable method for stimulating bone marrow mitosis in small mammals. Subcutaneous injections of a suspension of active baker's yeast may elevate the mitotic index as much as six times or more. Additionally, the metaphases obtained are easily spread when air dried, and the chromosomes are readily banded. This method should prove useful to investigators who wish to use bone marrow as a source of chromosomes for cytotaxonomic studies or for studies of specific chromosome damage in vivo. PMID- 6989560 TI - An experimental study of the morphological changes in the renal transplant using ultrasound. PMID- 6989563 TI - The function and pathways of lymphocyte recirculation. AB - The early work on lymphocyte recirculation assumed that all recirculating lymphocytes composed a common pool and that the composition of this pool could be inferred from studies on thoracic duct lymph. These propositions are examined in the light of more recent evidence, particularly from experiments on the traffic of lymphocytes through the lamina propria of the small intestine. There has been little speculation on the functional significance of lymphocyte recirculation apart from the suggestion that it increases the efficiency of regional immune responses by allowing antigen-induced selection of precursors from pool larger than that accommodated by the regional nodes alone. In addition, the mounting of a local immunity is dependent on a peripheral recirculation through the tissues, notably in the case of the secretory immune system of the intestine. PMID- 6989564 TI - Reassortment of cell populations within the lymphoid apparatus of the sheep. AB - As lymphocytes recirculate through the blood tissues and lymph they are sorted into populations which have varying morphological and functional characteristics. Lymphocytes are added, deleted and transformed within the lymphoid apparatus as a consequence of non-random migration and antigenic stimulation. There is evidence that the physiological characteristics of peripheral and central lymph nodes vary as a result of differences in the origins of the cells entering the nodes. Lymphocytes enter the lymph nodes from the blood and lymph in varying numbers; consequently the cell population in the efferent lymph of central and peripheral lymyph nodes contains different proportions of blood-borne and lymph-borne cells. Cells arriving in lymph nodes by way of the blood or the lymph migrate differently within the node. Those entering from the blood go principally to the paracortex and the follicular areas. Lymphocytes entering in the lymph are distributed through both the cortex and the medulla. In humoral antibody responses and in the response that occurs during the rejection of a renal allograft, lymph-borne cells populate the medullary cords, cortex and germinal centres of the nodes they enter. Within these nodes, new populations of cells are generated which have different functional attributes from the cells which provoked their formation. PMID- 6989565 TI - Lymphocyte recirculation in the sheep fetus. AB - The numbers of circulating thymus-derived and surface Ig-bearing lymphocytes in the fetal lamb increase exponentially over the last third of gestation. Experiments in which [3H]thymidine was continuously infused into fetal lambs have established that these cells are long-lived in the fetus. The migration of 51Cr labelled autologous lymphocytes from intestinal or prescapular lymph was compared in fetal lambs and adult sheep. A subpopulation of thymus-derived lymphocytes present in intestinal lymph of adults which migrated preferentially to the small intestine was not found in fetal intestinal lymph. There were marked differences in the migration of fetal and adult lymphocytes to the lungs and liver. In spite of the absence of circulating antibodies or immunoglobulins and of extrinsic antigen in the immunologically virgin sheep fetus, the circulation of lymphocytes through the spleen and lymph nodes of fetal lambs was more intense than in the adult, indicating that the pathways of recirculation and the capacity of cells to recirculate arise as a physiological process independently of antigenic stimulation. PMID- 6989566 TI - Effect of skin painting with oxazolone on the local extravasation of mononuclear cells in sheep. AB - A characteristic feature of the induction of cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity reactions by chemicals such as oxazolone is the enlargement of lymphocyte traffic areas in the paracortices of regional lymph nodes. In sheep oxazolone is a powerful immunogen but the cellular changes in lymph efferent from nodes draining areas of oxazolone-painted skin do not differ significantly from responses to conventional antigens. Specific complement-binding antibodies appear in the plasma of sensitized sheep, which respond to secondary challenges with an immediate Arthus reaction. In studies of peripheral lymph from areas of skin painted with oxazolone the number of mononuclear cells in the lymph increased 10- 50-fold two days or so after skin painting. Most of these cells were small lymphocytes lacking surface immunoglobulin (presumptive 'T' cells). This big increase in lymphocyte traffic through the skin may be a consequence of the binding to local structural proteins of myriads of oxazolone epitopes. If so, and bearing in mind the large doses of immunogen used in experiments on mice, it is easy to envisage how the traffic areas of lymph nodes expand and become congested with lymphocytes after being flooded with a highly immunogenic and reactive chemical like oxazolone. Whether this is relevant to the induction of cell mediated immunity is unknown. PMID- 6989567 TI - Macrophages and the differential migration of lymphocytes. PMID- 6989568 TI - Polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis: detection of the gradient and development of cell polarity. AB - The ability of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to respond to a chemical gradient has been examined by observing their behaviour in response to the peptide N formylnorleucylleucylphenylalanine (f-NorleuLeuPhe). The cells appear to detect the direction of the chemical gradient by sensing differences in the number of their chemotactic receptors that are bound acroos their dimensions. When moving, a PMN has a polarized form with ruffles or pseudopods at the front and a knob like tail at the rear. The potential for forming new pseudopods appears to exist in a gradient from anterior to posterior along the cell axis. Rapidly increasing the concentration of peptide can transiently induce the formation of ruffles over most of the cell surface except the tail. The presence of transient reversible responses to increases in the chemotactic factor suggests that with time the leucocyte adapts to the concentration of peptide to which it is exposed. A simple model which describes the cell polarity and adaptation is presented. PMID- 6989569 TI - The haemopoietic microenvironment of bone marrow: an ultrastructural study of the interactions of blood cells, stroma and blood vessels. PMID- 6989570 TI - Structural and functional differentiation of microvascular endothelium. PMID- 6989571 TI - Haemodynamic and biochemical interactions in intravascular platelet aggregation. PMID- 6989572 TI - Prospective evaluation of some candidate tumor markers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. AB - As part of a prospective diagnostic protocol, patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer had systemic and portal venous blood samples assayed, in coded batches, for peptide hormones and enzymes thought to be of potential value as tumor markers. An average of 111 patients were tested for each candidate marker. Results were analyzed by dividing patients into three groups according to the definitive diagnoses. These were pancreatic cancer (32% of patients), other cancers (27%), and benign diseases (41%). Although elevated mean levels of fasting plasma glucose and serum alkaline phosphatase were found in the pancreatic cancer group, there were no significant differences in the mean levels of any of the candidate markers studied in the three groups. The diagnostic values of normal and elevated levels of each candidate marker studied have been calculated. None has proven to be as useful as the serum level of pancreatic oncofetal antigen, fasting plasma glucose, or serum alkaline phosphatase in the diagnosis or exclusion of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6989574 TI - Computed tomography of the body. PMID- 6989575 TI - [Synthesis of fluoroprostacyclins]. PMID- 6989573 TI - High-fat diet in a short bowel syndrome. Intestinal absorption and gastroenteropancreatic hormone responses. PMID- 6989576 TI - [Ultrastructural proof of the existence of a descending hypothalamo-vagal nerve pathway]. PMID- 6989577 TI - [Identification of Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins binding polyuridylic acid]. PMID- 6989578 TI - [Polymorphism of human renal brush border alpha-glucosidase]. PMID- 6989579 TI - Possible influence of opioid normetabolites on the onset, magnitude and quality of the opioid abstinence syndrome. PMID- 6989581 TI - [Dosage and control of thrombolysis therapy using urokinase]. PMID- 6989580 TI - A review of alcohol's effects on sex and reproduction. AB - Alcohol increases libido, inhibits sexual physiological responses and adversely affects reproductive processes in men and women. The mechanisms that underlie these effects are examined and the implications of these effects are discussed. PMID- 6989582 TI - [Sauerbruch and the Mayos]. PMID- 6989583 TI - [Instruments of intensive care unit. Artificial respiration]. PMID- 6989584 TI - [Dosage and control of thrombolysis therapy using urokinase]. PMID- 6989585 TI - Look back Kenya and East African Medical Journal 1929-1930. Case of myelogenous leukaemia in a Kikuyu native. PMID- 6989586 TI - Obituary. Latimer Kamya Musoke. PMID- 6989587 TI - Look back to 1927. The use of milk injections in pelvic inflammation. PMID- 6989588 TI - Estrogen receptor cleavage and plasminogen activation by enzymes in human breast tumor cytosol. AB - Estrogen receptors in cytoplasmic extracts of breast tumors from more than 40 patients were separately analyzed by gel filtration and/or ultracentrifugation under diverse conditions. Resultant patterns are presented for specimens from 11 women with infiltrating duct carcinoma and are representative of results obtained in all samples of sufficient size and receptor content (approximately 40 fmol/mg cytosol protein) for accurate determination of hydrodynamic parameters. Estradiol binding components of intracellular origin were distinguished from the serum contaminant, sex hormone-binding globulin by their high affinity for diethylstilbestrol and negligible affinity for 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. The predominant molecular forms of the receptors, but not the steroid specificity, varied dramatically with experimental factors, including the duration of the fractionation procedure, ionic strength, and the presence of protease inhibitors, particularly the bacterial tripeptides N-acetyl- and N-propionyl-L-leucyl-L leucyl-DL-arginine aldehydes (leupeptin). At least three discrete forms of the intracellular receptors were detected. The smallest labeled complex, the mero receptor, with a sedimentation coefficient of about 3S and a Stokes radius of about 24 A, was formed during prolonged analysis of control cytosol in hypotonic or hypertonic buffers. Complexes with an intermediate sedimentation coefficient (approximately 5S) and Stokes radius (approximately 34A) were detected when control cytosol was analyzed rapidly in hypotonic buffer or when cytosol containing 50 nM leupeptin was analyzed in hypertonic buffer. The largest receptor form (10.5S, 71A) was predominant in cytosol prepared with 50 mM leupeptin and analyzed in hypotonic buffer. In this small series of patients, there was no obvious correlation between the molecular form of the receptors and the clinical status or eventual responsiveness to endocrine therapy. Preliminary studies of endogenous proteolytic enzymes in breast tumor cytosol that may be involved in mero-receptor formation included assays of plasminogen activators (EC 3.4.21.-) by fibrinolytic and spectrofluorometric techniques. The detection of high concentrations of plasminogen activators in several tumor cytosols and the inhibition of this activity by leupeptin, which stabilizes the large receptor forms in this and other systems, are consistent with a possible role of these enzymes in receptor cleavage. PMID- 6989589 TI - Presence by radioimmunoassay of a calcitonin-like substance in porcine pituitary glands. AB - We studied acidic acetone extracts of whole porcine pituitary glands for the presence of immunoreactive calcitonin (CT) using a porcine CT (pCT) RIA which did not react with other known pituitary hormones. Four preparations of porcine pituitary extract contained immunoreactive CT. Three of these displayed inhibition of binding parallel to that of authentic pCT in the pCT RIA and contained a single peak of immunoreactivity similar to pCT when studied by two different gel filtration chromatography systems. One preparation of porcine pituitary extract showed nonparallelism in RIA dose-dilution experiments and multiple immunoreactive species both similar to and larger than pCT on gel filtration in 6 M guanidine HCl. The effect of the reduction of disulfide bonds, followed by carboxymethylation of sulfhydryl groups, on immunoreactivity and apparent molecular size was similar for the CT-like substance in porcine pituitary extract and for authentic pCT. Preliminary immunohistological studies showed cytoplasmic staining in cells of the porcine adenohypophysis. These results demonstrate that the porcine pituitary gland contains a substance which has some of the immunochemical and biochemical properties of thyroidal pCT. PMID- 6989590 TI - Distribution of immunoreactive calcitonin in the rat pituitary gland. AB - Immunohistochemical (immunoperoxidase) studies were performed on 478 sections from 97 rat pituitary glands with rabbit antisera to unconjugated human synthetic calcitonin beta-endorphin, and/or ACTH-(17--39). Calcitonin-positive cells were present in a majority of the anterior lobes studied, whereas they were present in only a minority of the intermediate lobes. Calcitonin-positive cells were also present in chronically thyroidectomized animals. Beta-Endorphin-positive cells were uniformly present in the intermediate lobes as were the ACTH-positive cells. In the anterior pituitary lobes, beta-endorphin-positive cells were more populous than the ACTH-positive cells, and in general, there was a dissociation of the cellular elements containing beta-endorphin, ACTH, and calcitonin. Although it remains possible that there is calcitonin-like immunoreactivity within a precursor molecule that is differentially processed by pituitary cells, these studies are more consistent with the view that immunoreactive calcitonin is present in pituitary cells which are not as yet precisely and consistently related to any identifiable population of hormone-producing cells. PMID- 6989591 TI - Effect of aging on the subneuronal distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus. PMID- 6989593 TI - Changes in carbohydrate tolerance and early insulin response to glucose in potential diabetics: a follow-up study of 2--4 years. PMID- 6989592 TI - [Intensified therapy of newly detected maturity onset diabetes]. AB - In a prospective study 150 newly detected maturity onset-diabetics were randomized in 2 biostatistically comparable groups and underwent a treatment of different intensity. While the patients of the control group were treated according to the routine method used up to now in the dispensary for diabetics, in the intervention group an intensifying of the therapy took place, taking particular into consideration the body weight as well as the carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The decrease of body weight achieved by dietary intensive care proved to be the decisive factor for the tendency towards normalisation of glucose tolerance, hyperlipoproteinaemia and IRI-secretion, which could be registered in the intervention group after 2 years of observation. Following the preceding strong phase of diet, by Biguanides and Clofibrate a further significant improvement of the carbohydrate and fat metabolism could not be achieved. The decisive reserve in the treatment of obese maturity onset-diabetes could be seen in a permanent and continuous reduction of body weight. The results of this treatment depend highly on an intensive education as well as on frequent control of the patients' metabolism and their cooperation. PMID- 6989594 TI - Investigation of insulin sensitivity in early diabetes. I. Procedure for the determination of insulin responsiveness in vivo. AB - Twenty-three normal weight subjects without any heredity of diabetes were characterized by a 2-hour glucose infusion test. All persons showed a normal carbohydrate tolerance and normal biphasic insulin secretion pattern. For the determination of insulin sensitivity a 1-hour priming dose--constant infusion technique was used. Two 30-minute-periods of insulin infusion (8 and 16 mU/kg, primed by a start injection of 1 and 2 mU/kg, respectively) provoked a decrease of plasma glucose and FFA concentrations by 35 +/- 12.5% and 55 +/- 30.2%, respectively. Values lower than 22.5% (glycemia) or 25% (FFA) indicate a diminished insulin responsiveness. The metabolic clearance rate of insulin did not change at several concentrations of IRI. Thus, the proposed procedure is suitable to study the insulin sensitivity in vivo. PMID- 6989595 TI - The effect of long-distance running on plasma immunoreactive glucagon levels. AB - Twelve highly conditioned long-distance runners were studied to determine the effects of marathon (42 km) and 10,000 m running on plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG), serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and serum glucose (G) levels. Blood samples were drawn just prior to and immediately upon completion of the run. Marathon running resulted in no significant change in G, IRI, or IRG levels. After running 10,000 m, plasma IRG levels did not change significantly, while IRI and G increased significantly. In evaluating the pooled data from both runs, a significant inverse correlation was observed between delta G and delta IRG. This relationship between delta G and delta IRG suggests that glucagon plays a role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels during strenuous exercise. PMID- 6989597 TI - The role of the codon and the initiation factor IF-2 in the selection of N blocked aminoacyl-tRNA for initiation. AB - Poly(uridylic acid) [poly(U)] and poly(xanthidylic acid) [poly(X)] strongly stimulate the IF-2-dependent binding of fMET-tRNA to 30-S ribosomal subunits from Escherichia coli [Van der Laken et al. (1979) FEBS Lett. 100, 230-234]. The N formylmethionine moiety is incorporated into poly(phenylalanine) upon subsequent addition of other components required for protein synthesis when poly(U) is used as template. This paper shows that N-acetylated Phe-tRNAPhe (AcPhe-tRNA), but not Phe-tRNAPhe or tRNAPhe, competes with fMET-tRNA for binding to poly(U)-programmed 30-S ribosomal subunits. The two species of N-blocked aminoacyl-tRNA are bound to poly(U)-programmed and poly(X)-programmed 30-S subunits in a ratio that is linearly dependent on the ratio of the two species added. With poly(U) as template there is no apparent preference for either fMET-tRNA or AcPhe-tRNA, whereas with poly(X) there is a 2-3-fold preference for fMET-tRNA. The initiation factor IF-2, which is strictly required for the binding of N-blocked aminoacyl tRNAs, has a higher affinity for fMET-tRNA than for AcPhe-tRNA. It is concluded that (a) interaction of the 30-S ribosomal subunit with poly(U) or poly(X) leads to IF-2-dependent binding of N-blocked aminoacyl-tRNA; (b) the initiation factor IF-2-discriminates in favour of fMET-TRNA; (c) the presence of the cognate codon discriminates in favour of the corresponding N-blocked aminoacyl-tRNA. PMID- 6989596 TI - Characterization of rat-liver microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity. AB - Rat liver microsomes were shown to catalyze the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene with glutathione and this activity has been characterized. It cannot be removed from the microsomes by washing or other procedures which release loosely bound material from membranes. The microsomal glutathione S transferase can be activated up to eight fold by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide. This activation also affects the apparent Km of the enzyme(s) for both glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Upon subcellular fractionation of the liver the N-ethylmaleimide-activateable glutathione S-transferase distributes in the same manner as a marker for the endoplasmic reticulum and unlike markers for the other organelles and for the cytoplasm. Treatment of microsomes with proteases revealed that the enzyme is at least partially exposed on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, three inducers of drug metabolizing systems-i.e. phenobarbital, methylcholanthrene, and trans-stilbene oxide-all increase the activity of the cytoplasmic glutathione S-transferases, but they do not affect the microsomal activity. These and other considerations indicate that the microsomal glutathione S-transferase(s) is distinct from the cytoplasmic enzymes catalyzing similar reactions. The microsomal enzyme is likely to be involved in drug metabolism and the possibility of activating it through attack on a sulfhydryl group may represent an important physiological response to certain xenobiotics. PMID- 6989598 TI - The peroxidatic reaction catalyzed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. 2. Steady-state kinetics and inactivation. AB - The results of steady-state kinetic measurements on the initial rate of the peroxidatic reaction between beta-NAD+ and hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, at pH 7 are described. A simple sequential mechanism is deduced from graphical analysis of the data plotted according to Eadie Augustinsson-Hofstee primary plots and the values of the true kinetic parameters KmNAD, KmH2O2 and V are estimated from the corresponding secondary plots. Ethanol has been found to compete with hydrogen peroxide for the same enzyme active site. During the catalytic process a progressive inactivation of the enzyme occurs caused by H2O2. The rate law of this process is quantitatively described at pH 7 both in the absence and in the presence of NAD+. The coenzyme has been found to protect the enzyme against inactivation by H2O2, which oxidized essential cysteine residues. The results obtained from the study of both catalytic and inactivating processes are finally rationalized on the basis of a general mechanistic scheme. PMID- 6989599 TI - The peroxidatic reaction catalyed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. 3. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of NADX. AB - As previously reported [Favilla, R. & Cavatorta, P. (1975) FEBS Lett. 50, 324 329], the enzyme horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes a reaction between NAD+ and H2O2. The final isolated product was then called NADX because of its unknown structure. In this paper the results of spectroscopic investigations on this compound are described. They indicate that only the nicotinamide moiety of the original NAD+ molecule was modified by the action of hydrogen peroxide. From the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of NADX the following structure was deduced: adenosine(5')diphospho(5)-beta-D-ribose-NH-CH = C(CHO)-CONH2. This structure is consistent with both ultraviolet and reactivity measurements performed on NADX. A tentative mechanism for the whole peroxidatic reaction pathway leading to NADX is finally proposed. PMID- 6989600 TI - Metal ion binding to yeast phosphoglycerate kinase. Interaction between metal ion binding and anion binding. PMID- 6989601 TI - Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on 30-S ribosomal subunits. Identification of the RNA region crosslinked to protein S7. AB - The effects of ultraviolet irradiation on Escherichia coli 30-S ribosomal subunits were studied. At the doses of radiation used in this work (0-4.5 x 10(5) quanta/30-S subunit), only protein S7 was found to be significantly crosslinked to the 16-S RNA. In conditions where 25% of the protein was covalently crosslinked, the ability of the irradiated 30-S subunits to reassociate with 50-S subunits and their activity in polyphenylalanine synthesis decreased strongly. Similar results were obtained by irradiation with a germicide lamp (254 nm) or with a monochromatic ultraviolet light at 248 nm. No additional proteins were crosslinked to the 16-S RNA by irradiating 30-S subunits depleted in protein S1 or 70-S ribosomes. The covalent complex of 16-S RNA and protein S7 was isolated and digested by T1 ribonuclease. The oligonucleotide remaining attached to the crosslinked protein was characterised as A-C-C-U-C-G [position 1261 - 1266, see the sequence published by Carbon et al. (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 160, 399-410]. Analysis of this fragment suggests that protein S7 was linked to the cytosine at position 1265 in the RNA sequence. PMID- 6989602 TI - Structural studies of the lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium 902 (ColIb drd2). AB - Salmonella typhimurium infected with the plasmid ColIb drd2 gave rise to changes in the composition of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Bacteria carrying the wild-type ColIb, the revertant of drd2 to the wild type, or the noncolicinogenic strain resulting from the elimination of ColIb drd2, showed no changes in the sugar composition of the lipopolysaccharide. The structure of the O-specific side chains of the lipopolysaccharide produced by S. typhimurium 902, infected with derepressed ColIb mutants has been investigated. As a result of these studies, it is proposed that the O-specific side chains are composed of chemical repeating units with the following structure: (formula: see text). PMID- 6989603 TI - Spontaneous and polyamine-induced formation of filamentous polymers from soluble fibronectin. AB - Fibronectin is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein present in a soluble form in plasma and in other body fluids and as insoluble protein in connective tissue matrix. This study reports that soluble fibronectin is polymerized into filamentous structures and that polyamines stimulate this process and precipitate fibronectin. Fibronectin purified from human plasma under non-denaturing conditions appeared after negative staining as non-globular extended structures in the electron microscope. During storage of purified fibronectin at +4 degrees C, in particular a low ionic strength, increasing amounts of the protein appeared as protein filaments. These filaments had a diameter of 2--3 nm and a length of up to several micrometers. The filaments also formed bundles of variable thickness, apparently through lateral association. These structures could also be visualized by phase-contrast microscopy. Polyamines, at a concentration of 1--5 mM and at a low ionic strength, induced a rapid, extensive polymerization of fibronectin into filamentous structures. The effect increased in the order putrescine less than spermidine less than spermine. Polyamine-induced precipitation of fibronectin was reversible upon removal of the polyamine. Fibronectin secreted by normal and by malignant cells could be fairly selectively precipitated from the culture medium with polyamines. The observed filamentous polymers of soluble fibronectin resemble the filamentous fibronectin-containing pericellular structures in fibroblast cultures and may provide a model for studies on the deposition of fibronectin in matrix form. PMID- 6989604 TI - Synthesis of types I, III and AB2 collagen by chick tendon fibroblasts in vitro. AB - Tendons from 14--17-day-old chick embryos contain predominantly type I collagen and about 5% AB2 collagen; type III collagen is not detectable by biochemical methods, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or cyanogen bromide pattern, but can be visualized by immunofluorescence staining with collagen-type-specific antibodies. Similarly, freshly dissociated tendon cells secrete only type I collagen into the culture medium but no significant amounts of type III collagen [Uitto, J., Lichtenstein, J. R., and Bauer, E. A. (1976) Biochemistry, 15, 4935--4942]. Transfer of tendon cells from chick embryos to monolayer conditions, however, initiated synthesis of type III collagen in about 10% of the cells within three days, as visualized by immunofluorescence staining. Secretion of type III collagen into the culture medium can also be detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With increasing number of passages the number of cells producing type III collagen reached levels of about 80% after the third passage, while 90% of all cells stained positively for type I collagen. This is reflected by an increase of production of type III collagen as determined by CM-cellulose chromatography. Using velocity sedimentation, the secretion of type III procollagen and of pN collagen (carrying the amino-terminal extension only), into the culture medium of a second-passage tendon cell culture was detected. This study provides new evidence that the phenotype of cells may alter during transfer from the environment in vivo to conditions in vitro and that additional changes may occur with time in culture. PMID- 6989605 TI - Small-size mRNAs code for ribosomal proteins in yeast. AB - In order to identify and to study the ribosomal protein genes in yeast we have tried to purify the mRNA coding for ribosomal proteins. Poly(A)-containing RNA from the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis was fractionated according to size using preparative sucrose gradient centrifugation. The various (size) fractions were translated in vitro in a wheat germ cell-free system. The products were analysed by sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis as well as by acetic acid/urea gel electrophoresis. It was found that an mRNA fraction of about 9 S directs the synthesis in vitro of proteins that have properties characteristic of ribosomal proteins, i.e. they are both small and basic. The ribosomal nature of these proteins was further established by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. This small-size mRNA fraction can be used as a probe for the identification of ribosomal protein genes in recombinant DNA molecules. PMID- 6989606 TI - Methionyl-transfer-RNA transformylase from Escherichia coli. Purification and characterisation. PMID- 6989607 TI - Yeast mannosyl transferases requiring dolichyl phosphate and dolichyl phosphate mannose as substrate. Partial purification and characterization of the solubilized enzyme. AB - The first mannosyl unit of manno-oligosaccharides of fungal mannoproteins is transferred in a dolichyl-phosphate-dependent reaction sequence to serine/threonine residues of the protein. The two membrane-bound enzymes catalyzing this transfer in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been solubilized by detergents. The enzyme transferring mannose from guanosine diphosphate mannose to dolichyl phosphate has been purified 18-fold when based on membrane protein and 140-fold when based on total cell protein. The enzyme transferring mannose from dolichyl phosphate mannose to protein has been purified 48-fold and 380-fold, respectively. A HCl-treated cell-wall mannoprotein from yeast served as acceptor protein for the second enzyme. The solubilized enzyme catalyzing the formation of dolichyl diphosphate mannose has a Km for guanosine diphosphate mannose of 7 x 10(-6) M and is saturated with about 0.15 mM yeast dolichyl phosphate. The metal requirement, pH-optima, and the detergent concentration necessary for optimal activity have been determined for both solubilized enzymes. PMID- 6989608 TI - Tyrosine residues in the C-terminal domain of the elongation factor G are essential for its interaction with the ribosome. AB - Chemical modification of the elongation factor G (EF-G) with tetranitromethane and iodine has been studied. It has been shown by spectrophotometric titration that EF-G contains two exposed tyrosine residues, one of which has an unusually low pK value for a phenol hydroxyl group at pH 8.5. Modification of one tyrosine residue with either tetranitromethane or iodine results in a 70--80% loss of EF-G activity in all ribosome-dependent reactions. Modification of three or four residues inhibits 90--100% of activity. Binding of EF-G with the 70-S ribosome and 50-S subunit is equally effective for protection of tyrosine residues against modification. The rate of EF-G modification with tetranitromethane is considerably higher in the presence of guanyl nucleotides than for free EF-G. The modified residues are located in the C-terminal domain of EF-G and are presumably contained in one of the sites of EF-G interaction with the ribosome. PMID- 6989609 TI - Purification and some properties of aldehyde reductases from pig liver. AB - Two aldehyde reductases (EC 1.1.1.2), I and II, have been isolated from pig liver. Both are monomeric (Mr approximately equal to 35 000) and NADPH-dependent. Their activity is inhibited by barbiturates. The enzymes reduce essentially aromatic aldehydes, with a preference for those bearing an electron-withdrawing group in the para position. Substrates with a carboxyl group are specially good substrates for reductase I. This may indicate the presence of a positively charged group in the substrate binding site. The binding of NADPH to reductase I causes a red shift of the coenzyme absorption; this shift is characteristic of B stereospecific dehydrogenases. Nevertheless, this is not confirmed by the stereochemical study with labelled NADPH. The pro-R hydrogen of NADPH is transferred to the re face of the aldehyde. The stereochemical course of reductase I is identical to that of liver alcohol dehydrogenase, but the two enzymes differ by the absence of Zn and of reactive thiol in reductase I, and by the action of pyrazole on the activity. Considerable differences in substrate specificity and immunological properties have been found between reductase I and II but reductases I from liver of different species have some relationship. Reductase I from pig brain and pig kidney seem to be identical to reductase I from pig liver. PMID- 6989610 TI - Protracted transient ischemic attacks. PMID- 6989612 TI - Dr. May (1898--1978). PMID- 6989611 TI - Sarcoma of the penis. AB - Sarcoma of the penis is uncommon. There is no agreed method of management of this tumor. 1 of our patients was cured by radiation therapy. PMID- 6989613 TI - Growth of a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma in mice with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6989614 TI - A procedure for the application of cell kinetic techniques to human tumor samples. PMID- 6989615 TI - Perspectives in cancer research Survival of patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6989616 TI - Suppression of the immune response to altered self induced by immunogenic and nonimmunogenic altered self structures. AB - Fluorescein (FITC)-haptenated mouse spleen cells are capable of inducing a B cell immune response characterized by the production of antibodies directed against hapten-altered self structures. The induction of this response is thymus independent and strictly dependent on the hapten concentration used for labeling the cells. Pretreatment of mice with immunogenic, labeled spleen cells strongly suppressed the plaque-forming cell response to a subsequent challenge with FITC labeled spleen cells, sheep (SRC) or horse (HRC) red cells labeled with the same hapten and native FITC-dextran. Mice primed with lightly haptenated (nonimmunogenic) cells 7 days before challenge were completely unresponsive to the immunogenic dose of labeled cells and displayed a significantly reduced response to FITC-SRC or FITC-HRC. However, the response to FITC-dextran was enhanced, as compared to unprimed animals. The concept of immunogenic vs. nonimmunogenic requirements of an antigen to induce unresponsiveness, and the specificity of the B cell clones affected by suppression is discussed. PMID- 6989617 TI - Cytometric investigations in histochemically identified neurons--changes of fluorescence intensities and nuclear diameters in dopamine neurons of the arcuate nucleus in the cycling rat. AB - The relative formaldehyde-induced fluorescence intensities and the diameter of cell nuclei of fluorescent perikarya of the arcuate nucleus were recorded in serial cross-sectioned hypothalamic arcuate nuclei of regularly cycling rats (5 estrous and 4 proestrous animals). Stress-induced changes of cytometric parameters were avoided by preadaptation of animals to handling procedures. Dopamine neurons in a 75 micrometer thick periventricular layer of the arcuate nucleus exhibited significantly smaller nerve cell nuclei and significantly reduced relative fluorescence intensities in proestrous rats. Both of these cytometric parameters indicate a decrease in the activity of periventricular dopamine neurons of the arcuate nucleus. The reported findings might support the hypothesis that dopamine inhibits the release of LH-RH. PMID- 6989618 TI - Correlations between glucose-inhibition and control parameters of alpha glucosidase kinetics in Apis mellifica haemolymph (Hymenoptera: Insecta). AB - Kinetics studies of haemolymph alpha-glucosidase inhibition by D. glucose led to general correlations between inhibition and control parameters, all over the honeybee development. Maximum velocities are not affected by the inhibition, while affinity constants are always significantly increased, and Hill coefficients tend to decrease, especially in for-aging adults and in prenymphs. In this later case, the 'n-type' effect tends to break the manifestation of the 'K-type' mechanism. PMID- 6989619 TI - Culture of presumptive epithelial cells from jejunal mucosa of axenic rats. AB - Strains of presumptive epithelial and fibroblast cells were prepared from the jejunal mucosa of axenic rats. Cells were cultured on collagen gels, in highly enriched media supplemented with homologous sera and hormones, and were maintained for more than 7 weeks. PMID- 6989620 TI - The effect of endotoxin on plasma alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. AB - The i.v. injection of bacterial endotoxin into dogs was found to cause a rapid increase in plasma levels of infused alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. The findings suggest that nonmetabolic factors (tissue uptake, fluid shifts) influence amino acid distribution during endotoxemia. PMID- 6989621 TI - Digestive enzymes in the gut and salivary gland of the larvae of Chilo auricilius Ddgn. AB - Amylase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, beta fructosidase, trypsin, aminotripeptidase, leucine-aminopeptidase, prolinase, prolidase glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase and glygylglycine dipeptidase are present in the 3rd instar larvae of Chilo auricilius. PMID- 6989622 TI - Diabetic syndrome in the Chinese hamster induced with monosodium glutamate. AB - Neuronal necrosis in the arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamus regions is easily induced in 1-day-old Chinese hamsters by the administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG). New-born Chinese hamsters injected with MSG showed no sign of obesity, even when grown up, but apparently developed a diabetic syndrome. PMID- 6989623 TI - [Effect of withdrawal from alcohol on extra-hepatic and alcohol- and aldehyde dehydrogenasic activities in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Alcohol- and aldehyde-dehydrogenasic activities have been measured in different tissues; these activities are modified after chronic alcoholic intoxication and/or withdrawal in digestive tract, spleen, kidney and lung. The results underline the possible relationship between extra-hepatic ethyl-oxidation and withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6989624 TI - Induction of an antimicrobial biotin-binding egg white protein (avidin) in chick tissues in septic Escherichia coli infection. AB - The induction of avidin in chick tissues was found in septic Escherichia coli infection. Avidin concentrations in the plasma roughly corresponded to those in the other tissues studied which suggests that avidin in chicks is a secretory protein. PMID- 6989626 TI - [Peroral sugar-reducing sulfamides]. PMID- 6989625 TI - Is the variation in the susceptibility of various species to atherosclerosis due to inborn differences in prostacyclin (PGI2) formation. AB - Species exhibiting a higher susceptibility to the development of atherosclerosis have a reduced prostacyclin (PGI2)-generation in the arterial wall, which differs in various parts of the vascular system. As the difference in PGI2-formation in various diseases is a generalized vascular effect, the changes can be detected in all vessels. This is a very important point for diagnostic purposes in humans. PMID- 6989628 TI - [Current status and the prospects for treating the sewage from the manufacture of prepared drugs and pharmaceutical preparations]. PMID- 6989627 TI - [Therapeutic and antidote properties of unithiol]. PMID- 6989629 TI - [Absorbability of insulin from suppositories]. PMID- 6989630 TI - [History of the pharmaceutical field in the Ukraine in the 1st half of the 18th century]. PMID- 6989631 TI - [Development of the pharmacy field in Donetsk Province during the years of Soviet power]. PMID- 6989632 TI - mRNA translocation in protein biosynthesis: association constants related to the translocation process. PMID- 6989633 TI - Proteinase K-resistant and alkali-stably bound proteins in higher plant DNA. PMID- 6989634 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of thymidine kinase from Escherichia coli by caffeine. PMID- 6989635 TI - Biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan of Escherichia coli K-12: properties of the in vitro polymerization by transglycosylation. PMID- 6989636 TI - In vitro peptidoglycan polymerization catalysed by penicillin binding protein 1b of Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 6989637 TI - A photoaffinity label derivative of glutathione and its inhibition of glyoxalase I. PMID- 6989638 TI - Small-angle X-ray study of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit sigma from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6989639 TI - Preuroporphyrinogen, a universal intermediate in the biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogen III. PMID- 6989640 TI - Expression of outer membrane protein e of Escherichia coli K12 by phosphate limitation. PMID- 6989641 TI - Derivatives of guanosine triphosphate-photoreactive substrates of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. PMID- 6989643 TI - Pubertal control mechanisms as revealed from human studies. AB - Human puberty is thought to be regulated by a central nervous system (CNS) program. Strong presumptive evidence for this thesis has been drawn from the augmented gonadotropin secretion that occurs synchronously with sleep in early puberty and serves as a biologic index to CNS puberty. In response to wake/sleep gonadotropin patterns, sex steroids are also secreted in circadian-like patterns during puberty. In disorders such as precocious puberty, anorexia nervosa, and gonadal dysgenesis, the physiological mechanisms that control wake/sleep differences in gonadotropin secretion appear to be intact. Studies in such patients suggest that the primary sex hormones have a quantitative but not qualitative modulating effect on the CNS program. Possible additional control mechanisms include adrenal androgen secretion and body composition. PMID- 6989642 TI - Neuroendocrine control of the onset of puberty in the rat. AB - In the female rat, the onset of reproductive capacity is signaled by the first ovulation, an event usually associated with vaginal opening. First ovulation is induced by an abrupt, proestrous-type surge of gonadotropins which in all probability results from the expression of estrogen positive feedback. Central nervous system--pituitary sensitivity to the feedback develops gradually and quantitatively as the animal matures. By contrast, sensitivity to estrogen negative feedback appears to decrease (abruptly) only after first ovulation has occurred. Instrumental in the process of maturation of estrogen positive feedback are an enhanced capability of the hypothalamus to release LHRH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) and an increase in responsiveness of the ovaries to gonadotropins. While serum gonadotropins seem to change very little during the days antecedent to the first preovulatory surge, the somatomamotrophic hormones prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) become unambiguously elevated. One of the mechanisms by which PRL (and perhaps GH) appears to participate in the maturational process that leads to puberty is by enhancing ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropins. Prolactin exerts part of this effect by increasing luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor content of granulosa cells. In addition, PRL can also act centrally to advance puberty by a mechanism still poorly understood. PMID- 6989644 TI - [Public health problems in the works of V. I. Lenin]. PMID- 6989645 TI - The use of bromocriptine in obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 6989647 TI - [Correction of the inclination of tilted abutment teeth in the construction of fixed prosthetic appliances]. PMID- 6989646 TI - Influence of HLA types on carbohydrate effects of a low-estrogen oral contraceptive. AB - The lymphocyte HLA types were determined for 13 women, who were then separated into a subgroup of those having a "high" risk for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (B8, B15, AW30) and a "low-risk" subgroup (B7, BW35). A 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on each woman before starting on oral contraceptives (OC) and then 6 months after using them. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured. The OC contained 0.035 mg of ethinylestradiol and 0.4 mg of norethindrone. There was a significantly higher 0.5-hour glucose value in the control test in the "high risk" group. There was a significant elevation of the 1-hour plasma insulin value in the 6-month test for the "high-risk" group. The usefulness of the HLA prescreening of women prior to use of OC needs more study. PMID- 6989649 TI - [When and why should a new prosthesis be remade?]. PMID- 6989648 TI - [Planning of prosthetic appliances for Class A 1 partially endentulous patients]. PMID- 6989650 TI - [Rickett's quad helix]. PMID- 6989651 TI - [The maintenance of insulin secretory response of long-term cultured pancreatic islets to glucose, acetylcholine and epinephrine (author's transl)]. AB - The present study was performed to investigate whether long-term cultured rat pancreatic islets possess a postcultural insulin secretory response to hormones and neurotransmitters in spite of their lack of stimulation during the culture period. We also investigated the method of maintaining the insulin secretory response of islets cultured in a physiological concentration of glucose. The tissue culture media were TCM 199 supplemented with 5.5 mM glucose (A medium), 5.5 mM glucose plus 1 mM adenosine (B medium), 16.7 mM glucose (C medium), and 16.7 mM glucose plus 1 mM adenosine (D medium). Short-term incubation after the culture period of 14 days showed that the islets cultured in B, C and D media maintained the same insulin secretory responsiveness to 8.3 mM glucose and/or 5 microM acetylcholine and also to 1 microM epinephrine as did non-cultured islets. A similar response was found among the islets maintained in B, C and D media. An insulin secretory response to epinephrine and phentolamine was deficient in islets cultured in A medium, whereas it was maintained in those cultured in C medium. The responsiveness of the islets cultured in C medium to the concomitant stimulation by epinephrine and phentolamine was not different from that of the non-cultured islets. It was thus concluded that the addition of adenosine in the culture medium containing the physiological concentration of glucose was as effective in amintaining the insulin secretory ability of the islets as was the culture medium containing a high concentration of glucose, and it was suggested that even the pancreatic islets cultured in these media, though separated from the innervation might preserve acetylcholine and adrenergic receptors similar to freshly isolated islets. Considering the action of adenosine, the necessity of enhancing ATP and C-AMP concentrations in B cells was also suggested in order to maintain the insulin secretory ability of cultured pancreatic islets. PMID- 6989652 TI - [Thyroglobulin-binding and anti-thyroglobulin antibody-secreting lymphocytes in human peripheral blood (author's transl)]. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied with the use of fluorescinated human thyroglobulin (FITC-Tg) for the presence of cells which bind human FITC-Tg (Tg-BL) and which secrete a thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-SL) by culturing them for 5 days with pokeweed mitogen. In seven out of fifteen (47%) patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an average of 0.18% of lymphocytes were able to bind FITC-Tg, while only one out of six (17%) patients with Graves' disease was able to bind them. No Tg-BLs were detected in five patients with miscellaneous autoimmune diseases and five normal subjects. Tg-BLs were identified as B lymphocytes by their inability to make rosettes with sheep red blood cells. Tg SLs were detected in six out of eight (75%) patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and two out of five (40%) patients with Graves' disease. The positive rates of Tg BL and Tg-SL were fairly well correlated with the thyroglobulin antibody titers. PMID- 6989653 TI - [A comparison of radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay of serum growth hormone in children with growth disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989654 TI - The University of Iowa College of Dentistry. PMID- 6989656 TI - PFC formation utilizing adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells in embryonic and baby chick hosts. PMID- 6989657 TI - Some observations on concanavalin A receptors on free cells of marine invertebrates. PMID- 6989655 TI - The macrophage as the social interconnection within the immune system. PMID- 6989659 TI - Elevation of C-peptide immunoreactivity in plasma of normal subjects after trypsin action. AB - After measuring the effects of trypsin on the plasma of forty-five fasting healthy subjects, a very large increase in C-peptide immunoreactivity was observed. Determination of the proinsulin concentration by gel filtration showed that this increase could not be solely imputed to conversion of circulating proinsulin into desalanyl-insulin and C-peptide by trypsin. Consequently, it is suggested that certain plasma proteins structurally similar to C-peptide might be released by the action of trypsin and crossreact in the radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6989658 TI - Mononuclear phagocytes and tissue regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 6989660 TI - Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on blood glucose, plasma FFA, glycerol, 3 hydroxybutyrate, alanine, C-peptide, glucagon and growth hormone responses to arginine in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - This study aimed at evaluating the effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on blood glucose, plasma FFA, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, alanine, C-peptide, glucagon and growth hormone responses to arginine in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes. For this purpose, seven insulin-requiring diabetics were submitted to a standard arginine tolerance test before and after a three day treatment with ASA (50 mg/kg/daily, plus 1 g before the second test). ASA treatment resulted in no significant changes in either basal or arginine-stimulated blood glucose, but it significantly decreased the basal concentrations of plasma FFA (p less than 0.05), 3-hydroxybutyrate (p less than 0.05) and glycerol (p less than 0.05). In addition, the fall in plasma FFA concentrations during arginine infusion was significantly less after ASA than levels observed without ASA (--262 +/- 100 microEq/l vs --35 +/- 57 microEq/l, p less than 0.02). No significant changes in either basal or arginine-stimulated glucagon concentrations were observed after ASA; by contrast, the growth hormone peak was significantly reduced after ASA (11.3 +/- 4.2 ng/ml vs 5.1 +/- 1.1 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). These metabolic effects exerted by ASA in insulin-dependent diabetes seem not to be related to alterations in endogenously secreted insulin since C-peptide circulating levels were similar during the pre- and post-treatment arginine tests. PMID- 6989662 TI - Adenine nucleotide concentrations in A2-cell rich and normal pancreatic islets of the guinea pig. AB - Adenine nucleotides were measured in normal and A2-cell rich pancreatic islets of guinea pigs in order to evaluate the bioenergetic properties of the islet cells. The islets were either freshly isolated or cultured for one week. Immediately after isolation the ATP concentration of the normal islets was not significantly different from that of the A2-cell rich islets. Tissue culture raised the ATP concentrations in both experimental groups, leading to a significantly higher ATP content in the normal islets compared to the A2-cell rich islets. The total adenosine phosphate pool remained unchanged. Hypoxia for one minute markedly lowered the ATP concentrations in both normal and A2-cell rich islets. The ATP values could be normalized by renewed culture. The high interconversion rate of adenine nucleotides observed could provide the energy supply which may be required for fast changes in the hormonal secretions of both B- and A2-cells. PMID- 6989661 TI - Delayed or biphasic glucose-induced insulin secretion of pancreatic islets isolated from spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) : relation to age of animals. AB - The dynamics of insulin release from spiny mouse perifused pancreatic islets was investigated. In agreement with earlier studies we found no initial (0-10 min) insulin secretion in response to glucose in islets prepared from mice up to 35 weeks of age. The islets of animals older than 40 weeks, however, were characterized by greater insulin content, and a restored typical biphasic insulin secretion profile. The results suggest that immediate glucose response is modified by environmental or other factors related to age. PMID- 6989663 TI - Study of the early blood glucose response of mice to alloxan. AB - The initial hyperglycemia in alloxan-treated mice was decreased by adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy, and abolished by occlusion of the hepatic blood flow for 5 min. or treatment with insulin after alloxan injection. No effect on the initial hyperglycemic response to alloxan was found in mice pretreated with phentolamine, or in those given alloxan after sham operation or after removal of ligatures for temporary occlusion of hepatic artery and portal vein. The concentrations of serum insulin and liver glycogen were decreased one and four hours after alloxan injection. The initial hyperglycemia is believed to be due to inhibition of insulin secretion by the B-cells and to the mobilization of glycogen from the liver. Pituitary and adrenocortical activity may contribute to this hyperglycemia. The origin of the hypoglycemic phase does not seem to be pancreatic, but may be hepatic. PMID- 6989665 TI - Chemistry, isolation and purification of gastrointestinal hormones. PMID- 6989664 TI - Lymphokine production in primary mixed lymphocyte reactions. I. Characteristics of responding and stimulating cells. AB - The characteristics of the responder and stimulating cells involved in migration inhibition factor (MIF) production in primary 'one-way' mouse mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) were analyzed by using an indirect agarose droplet assay. T lymphocytes are mainly responsible for MIF release, as shown by pretreatment with anti-Thy 1.2 serum plus complement or purification over a nylon wool column. On the other hand, macrophages and B-lymphocytes appear to be optimal stimulating cells. T-lymphocytes as stimulating cells induce MIF release, but to a much lesser degree than macrophages and B-lymphocytes. The kinetics of MIF production in MLR is related to the kind of stimulating cells employed. Lastly, the ability to release MIF is already present in the spleen of 1- to 2-week-old mice, lasts until 20 weeks of age and declines to undetectable levels at 50 weeks of age. PMID- 6989666 TI - Mouldy grain and the aetiology of pellagra: the role of toxic metabolites of Fusarium. PMID- 6989668 TI - An assay for human enterokinase based on detecting the activation peptide of bovine trypsinogen [proceedings]. PMID- 6989667 TI - The entero-insular axis. PMID- 6989670 TI - Gastric emptying: an important regulatory factor in postprandial insulin release [proceedings]. PMID- 6989669 TI - The biliary excretion of intravenously administered enterokinase [proceedings]. PMID- 6989671 TI - Circulating immunoreactive glucagon concentrations in aging obese-hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice [proceedings]. PMID- 6989672 TI - Glucagon and diabetes: evidence for marked insensitivity to local regulation of A cell function by endogenous insulin in obese-hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice [proceedings]. PMID- 6989673 TI - Specific chemical modification of a hypermodified nucleoside in Escherichia coli phenylalanine transfer RNA does not affect the kinetics of aminoacylation [proceedings]. PMID- 6989674 TI - Properties of the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding site of Escherichia coli ribonucleic acid polymerase [proceedings]. PMID- 6989675 TI - The incorporation for nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of very-high-specific radioactivity tritiated amino acids into cytochrome P-450 during aerobic growth of yeast [proceedings]. PMID- 6989676 TI - Interaction of purified yeast cytochrome P-450 and labelled benzo[a]pyrene studied by tritium nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy [proceedings]. PMID- 6989677 TI - The structural and functional identity of [11 beta-3H]prostacyclin [proceedings]. PMID- 6989678 TI - A study of benzo[a]pyrene binding to cytochrome P-450 by equilibrium gel filtration [proceedings]. PMID- 6989679 TI - Muscle alanine synthesis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. PMID- 6989680 TI - The use of PGs in human reproduction. PMID- 6989681 TI - Clinical effect of Encephabol (pyritinol) in the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. AB - The results of a series of multicentre, controlled, double-blind trials of the clinical efficacy of Encephabol compared with placebo in patients with a variety of cerebrovascular disorders are reported. PMID- 6989682 TI - The antihypertensive and biochemical effects of hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride (Moduretic) versus chlorthalidone. AB - In an open two-period crossover study hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride and chlorthalidone were compared with regard to their anti-hypertensive and biochemical properties in ambulatory patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Twenty-five out of twenty-six patients completed the study. In the chlorthalidone group plasma potassium was consistently lower than in the hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride group, the difference achieved significance at 8 and 12 weeks after the start of treatment. With regard to the hypertension and other parameters no statistically significant differences were found. PMID- 6989683 TI - A comparison of oral metoprolol and propranolol in patients with chronic bronchitis. AB - A double-blind study of oral metoprolol and propranolol in nine patients with chronic bronchitis (Medical Research Council definition) showed no appreciable deterioration in lung function or significant differences between the two drugs. PMID- 6989684 TI - Tolciclate versus miconazole, a double-blind trial in patients with dermatomycosis. AB - Eighty-one patients with dermatomycosis such as tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis and pityriasis versicolor were treated with tolciclate 1% cream or miconazole 2% cream. Parasitological cure was obtained in 100% of the patients given tolciclate and in 97.4% of those given miconazole. Patients and investigator considered tolciclate treatment as excellent, respectively, in 76.2% and 73.8% of the cases. The corresponding figures for miconazole were 74.4% and 66.7%. Both treatments were well tolerated. PMID- 6989685 TI - General practitioners' evaluation of side-effects and efficacy of oxamethacin as compared with indomethacin. AB - Sixteen general practitioners conducted a multicentre double-blind clinical trial to compare oxamethacin (100 mg t.i.d.) with indomethacin (50 mg t.i.d.) for a maximum duration of 2 weeks. Each drug was administered to 339 patients suffering from various pathological conditions requiring a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. When focusing on patients without associated drug therapy, 126/259 patients (50%) presented a good response on inflammation under oxamethacin and 98/236 patients (42%) a good response under indomethacin (p less than 10(-2)); 141/250 patients (56%) presented a good response on pain under oxamethacin and 117/236 (50%) under indomethacin (p less than 5.10(-2)). Side effects and complaints were reported by 34/250 patients (14%) under oxamethacin and by 67/236 (28%) under indomethacin (p less than 5.10(-5)). Some patients stopped treatment because of side-effects: 14/250 (6%) under oxamethacin and 32/236 (14%) under indomethacin (p less than 2.10(-3)). PMID- 6989686 TI - Betamethasone diproprionate: a six-week open study of intramuscular treatment in osteoarthritis. PMID- 6989687 TI - Once daily dose treatment with a non-steroidal anti-rheumatic drug (diclofenac) in osteoarthrosis. AB - In a comparative, double-blind, between-patient, multicentre trial of 2 weeks' duration the efficacy and tolerability of diclofenac sodium 100 mg slow-release tablets, given either as a morning or an evening dose, were compared with that of diclofenac 50 mg enteric-coated tablets b.i.d. and placebo in 148 patients suffering from osteoarthrosis. Statistically significant differences in efficacy were shown between the two diclofenac slow-release regimes and placebo. Diclofenac 100 mg slow-release taken as a morning or an evening dose tended to be more effective than 50 mg enteric-coated tablets in a twice daily regime. The tolerability of diclofenac 100 mg slow-release and 50 mg enteric-coated b.i.d. regimes was similar and not statistically significantly different from placebo. PMID- 6989688 TI - Isolation and characterization of ovine prolactin and growth-hormone messenger RNAs. AB - Methods are described in this paper for obtaining and characterizing highly enriched preparations of ovine prolactin (PRL) and growth-hormone (GH) messenger RNAs. Purification steps include phenol extraction, oligo-(dT)-cellulose chromatography, sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation, and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. This sequence of procedures results in messenger preparations that are about 92% pure for prolactin mRNA and 78% pure for the growth-hormone mRNA species. Thus, these two closely related mRNAs can be isolated from the same tissue source at a purity adequate for cloning and nucleic acid hybridization experiments. Translation experiments with the cap analogue 7-methylguanosine, and end-labeling of the nucleic acid before and after beta-oxidation indicate that both messages possess blocked 5'-termini, and that these are part of previously described cap structures. Polyadenosine tracts of 30-160 residues were found at the 3'-ends of both purified species. Finally, sizing experiments suggest both mRNAs contain approx. 30% more bases than accounted for by the coding regions and the poly(A)-tracts. Their physical characteristics thus agree with those of most eucaryotic messages to date. PMID- 6989689 TI - Induction of brush border antigens of the proximal tubule in the developing kidney. PMID- 6989691 TI - Survival and maturation of cerebral neurons on poly(L-lysine) surfaces in the absence of serum. PMID- 6989690 TI - Appearance of regional surface autoantigens during spermatogenesis: comparison of anti-testis and anti-sperm autoantisera. PMID- 6989692 TI - Fifty years of hearing aid research: an evaluation of progress. PMID- 6989693 TI - The crux of the UGDP. Spurious results and biologically inappropriate data analysis. PMID- 6989694 TI - Disturbed alpha-adrenergic modulation of insulin and growth hormone secretion in chronic alcoholics. AB - The effect of alpha-adrenergic stimulation by IV adrenaline and propranolol infusion upon basal insulin and growth hormone secretion was studied in six chronic alcoholics during alcohol withdrawal, two alcoholics recently admitted to hospital with alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia and twelve healthy subjects. In all healthy subjects a decline in basal insulin (mean +/- SEM decremental area 166 +/ 19) and an increase in growth hormone (mean +/- SEM incremental area 527 +/- 164) was found. In the two alcoholics admitted to hospital with alcohol hypoglycaemia, no consistent change occurred in basal insulin and basal growth hormone concentrations during alpha-adrenergic stimulation. In the other alcoholics a decrease in basal insulin (mean +/- SEM decremental area 91 +/- 13.5) was found, but this decrease was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than in healthy subjects. Growth hormone did not change significantly in these alcoholics. It is concluded that disturbances in the alpha-adrenergic modulation of basal insulin and growth hormone secretions are common in alcoholics in a withdrawal state. The implication of this finding for the occurrence of alcohol induced hypoglycaemic coma is discussed. PMID- 6989695 TI - Characterization of insulin receptors in patients with the syndromes of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. AB - This report analyzes the in vitro characteristics of 125I-insulin binding to the monocytes of nine patients with the syndromes of acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance. The 3 Type A patients (without demonstrable autoantibodies to the insulin receptor) had decreased binding of insulin due to a decreased concentration of receptors. In these patients the residual receptors demonstrated normal dissociation kinetics, negative cooperativity, and were blocked by anti receptor antibodies in a manner similar to normal cells. In contrast, monocytes from the 6 Type B patients (with circulating anti-receptor autoantibodies) had decreased binding of insulin due to a decrease in receptor affinity. Insulin binding to monocytes of Type B patients demonstrated accelerated rates of dissociation with no evidence of cooperative interactions among insulin receptors. When coupled with previous data, the present studies further suggest that different mechanisms account for the defects in insulin binding and insulin resistance observed in these patients. PMID- 6989696 TI - Metasomatotrophic diabetes and its induction: basal insulin secretion and insulin release responses to glucose, glucagon, arginine and meals. PMID- 6989697 TI - Chromium-induced inhibition of insulin secretion from isolated islets of Langerhans. AB - CrCl3, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mmol/l inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion in a reversible and dose dependent manner. Cr also inhibited basal secretion of insulin in the presence of 5.5 mmol/l glucose and insulin secretion stimulated by 50 mmol/l K+ or 15 mmol/l L-leucine. When 2 mmol/l theophylline was employed to potentiate the stimulatory effect of 16.5 mmol/l glucose, the inhibitory effect of 1.5 mmol/l Cr was reduced and that of 0.5 mmol/l virtually abolished. A similar reduction in the inhibitory effect of Cr was observed when the medium calcium concentration was increased from 2.5 to 5, 7.5 and 12.5 mmol/l. Cr did not alter the conversion of 14C-glucose to 14CO2 or 45Ca uptake by isolated islets. It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of Cr on insulin secretion may be mediated through interference with an intracellular function of Ca++ in the beta cell. PMID- 6989698 TI - [Cor pulmonale caused by neoplastic pulmonary embolisms. Anatomo-clinical correlations]. PMID- 6989700 TI - Treatment of Crohn's disease with metronidazole in childhood and adolescence. Evaluation of a six months trial. PMID- 6989699 TI - [The antiarrhythmic effect of metoprolol (author's transl)]. AB - The antiarrhythmic effect of metoprolol after chronic treatment has been evaluated by 24 hour Holter monitoring in 16 patients with several premature ventricular beats and in 14 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and compared with the effect of a placebo. Metoprolol induced a mean decrease of heart rate of 14.5% in the 16 patients and reduced the mean value/min of the ventricular premature beats of the 51.2%. In addition the use of metoprolol abolished the ventricular premature beats in 9 cases, while in two cases there was an increase of their frequency. In the 14 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation metoprolol was able to reverse to sinus rhythm three of the patients and in the remaining 11 decreased the ventricular heart rate of the 33%. PMID- 6989701 TI - [Factors associated with cholesterol biliary lithiasis]. PMID- 6989702 TI - Is paracellular movement of importance in the intestinal absorption of organic solutes? PMID- 6989703 TI - Bile secretory apparatus: evidence for a vesicular transport mechanism for proteins in the rat, using horseradish peroxidase and [125I]insulin. AB - The morphologic mechanisms involved in the uptake, transport, and secretion of proteins into bile were studied in rat liver in vivo. When both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and insulin were injected into the portal veins of anesthetized rats, these proteins were subsequently detected in bile. Utilizing the technique of combined cytochemistry and quantitative autoradiography, both HRP and [125I]insulin were coincidentally localized within endocytic vesicles within the interior of hepatocytes at various time points after simultaneous intraportal injection. The data suggest that both proteins followed two pathways involving endocytic vesicles of approximately 1000 A in diameter. In the first pathway these protein-containing vesicles were transported through the hepatocyte and subsequently fused with the bile canalicular membrane, resulting in secretion of contained proteins into the biliary space. The second pathway also involved endocytosis into 1000 A vesicles, but these vesicles were transported to the Golgi region and its associated system of lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (GERL). Whether the proteins in these vesicles were later secreted into bile was unclear. Measurement of HRP and [125I]insulin or its metabolites, in bile, provided direct evidence that exogenously administered proteins (or their fragments) gain entrance into the biliary space. Studies in which metabolites of [125I]insulin, [125I]monoiodotyrosine (MIT), and 125I, were injected intraportally, demonstrated that less than 10% of [125I]MIT and less than 1.5% of Na125I were retained in perfusion-fixed and processed liver tissue. This study suggests that proteins in blood plasma are taken up by hepatocytes and secreted into bile via a vesicular transport mechanism. PMID- 6989705 TI - Primary lymphoma of the liver. AB - We report here the case of a man who presented with nonspecific clinical symptoms and was found to have abnormal liver function tests and large filling defects on liver scan. At autopsy, a primary histiocytic lymphoma of the liver was found. The liver is frequently involved secondarily by lymphoma; primary hepatic lymphoma however however is rare, only five cases haveing been previously reported. PMID- 6989704 TI - How gastric emptying of carbohydrate affects glucose tolerance and symptoms after truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty. AB - It is commonly assumed that both abnormal glucose tolerance and postcibal symptoms after truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty (V&P) are the result of rapid gastric emptying of carbohydrate; yet such correlations have not been established. These studies measured gastric emptying in symptomatic patients with V&P and normal subjects and sought correlations between rates of emptying and the time-courses of serum glucose and insulin as well as between emptying and symptoms. Gastric emptying in the V&P varied widely with different isocaloric meals of hypertonic glucose, taken in the erect vs. supine position, or of hypotonic starch taken in the erect posture as a solution or as solid balls of paste. Glucose and starch solutions were emptied abnormally rapidly in the erect posture, while glucose taken supine, and the starch balls were emptied more slowly. By contrast, all four meals emptied at about the same rates in the normal subjects. In both the V&Ps and the normals, there were weak correlations evident between the amount of carbohydrate emptied in the first 30 postcibal minutes and the rises in serum glucose or insulin. However, the presence or absence, the timing, and the qualitative nature of postcibal symptoms observed in the V&Ps did not correlate well with either the speed of emptying or the osmolarity of the carbohydrate meals. PMID- 6989706 TI - Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small bowel associated with primary jejunal malignant lymphoma. Evidence favoring a cytogenetic relationship. AB - A nonimmunodeficient patient with diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small bowel and a jejunal malignant lymphoma of mixed lymphocytic-histiocytic type is reported. Surface marker and immunohistologic studies of the malignant lymphoma and of histologically benign lymphoid nodules proximal to the tumor showed a similar pattern of monoclonality (IgM-kappa) and gave suggestive evidence of a cytogenetic relation of the lymphoma to nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. It is suggested that intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia may be a condition leading to lymphoid malignancy; its exact incidence in patients with both malignant lymphoma of the gut and a primary immunodeficiency syndrome should warrant further consideration. PMID- 6989707 TI - Insulinotropic factors of the gut--the broadening incretin concept. PMID- 6989708 TI - Comments on National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study (NCCDS) PMID- 6989709 TI - [Methods of sanitary-bacteriological analysis of drinking water]. PMID- 6989710 TI - [On the 70th birthday of Professor R. D. Gabovich]. PMID- 6989711 TI - [On the 50th birthday of Professor E. I. Goncharuk]. PMID- 6989712 TI - [P. P. Dvizhkov (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 6989713 TI - [Protein and peptide fribrinolysis inhibitor in human amniotic fluid]. PMID- 6989715 TI - [Heart wounds]. PMID- 6989714 TI - [Cellular estrogen receptors]. PMID- 6989716 TI - [Sternotomy as a surgical approach in operations on the bronchi, lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes]. PMID- 6989717 TI - [20th anniversary of the journal, Grudnaia khirurgiia]. PMID- 6989718 TI - [Lymphatic and blood vessels of the lung and of the bronchial anastomosis after an autograft (an experimental study)]. PMID- 6989719 TI - [Indirect approaches to ventricular septal defects]. PMID- 6989720 TI - [Development of the methods of surgical treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 6989721 TI - [Problems after surgery of acute abdomen]. AB - Many problems may persist after operation of an acute abdomen. Most important are peritonitis, hemorrhage, vascular occlusion and reduced general condition. Pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and therapeutic principles are discussed. PMID- 6989723 TI - [The spine in the thalidomide-embryopathy]. AB - The results of an X-ray investigation of 480 patients suffering from thalidomide embryopathy demonstrate that, beside dysmelia, spinal alterations are an important factor in malformations of the postural and locomotion apparatus. The pattern of malformations consists-according to the frequency of accumulated incidences - of spondylolysis, scoliosis, malformations of the intervertebral disc and dysgenesia of the sacrum. As in the case of extremities this pattern of malformations can only be established by radiological morphology. It necessarily entails alterations of varying functional value. There is no doubt that spinal alterations influence the fate of affected patients in the future. PMID- 6989722 TI - [Therapy of diabetes in children and adolescents in general practice]. PMID- 6989724 TI - [Oto-rhino-laryngological diseases in patients with advanced kidney failure after kidney transplantation]. AB - Within a period of 7 years a total of 113 patients could be oto-rhino laryngologically examined. The cases comprise chronic uremic patients under conservative therapy, patients with chronic intermittent haemodialysis treatment, and patients after successful renal transplantation. In 52% of all patients examined an impairment of hearing can be diagnosed and specified as inner ear deafness. As common etiological factors for inner ear deafness can be excluded, an accumulation of so-called uremic toxins is regarded to be the most probable cause of uremic deafness. This is confirmed by the fact that uremic deafness is not affected by haemodialysis treatment, but can be influenced favorably by a normal transplant function. Besides infiltrations of chronic inflammation and metaplasia of epithelium, nasal biopsies on uremic patients yielded histological findings invariably showing wide, thin-walled vessels in the subepithelium and the stroma. This phenomenon is possibly another pathogenic factor for epistaxis in chronic uremic patients. The depression of immunological resistance in uremia and the medication of immunosuppressive drugs after renal transplantation may explain the fact that serious otorhino-laryngological injections could frequently be observed in our patients. Careful observation may be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of possible bacterial and mycotic infections in a very early stage. PMID- 6989725 TI - [The artificial heart, an alternative to heart transplantation?]. AB - This is a report of present time possibilities on temporary and even permanent artificial cardiac devices. Patients in low-cardiac-output syndrome after acute extensive myocardial infarction or difficult open heart surgery are candidates for temporary right and left heart bypass, which is performed in a simple way using roller-pumps from normal heart-lung machines. Oxygenation is managed by means of the patient's own lungs. Since permanent shearing motions of roller pumps damage blood cells, membrane pumps were developed for longterm perfusion. Membrane pumps are also used in artificial hearts which are designed for permanent substitute in patients suffering from terminal coronary insufficiency. Big problems still exist as there are: tremendous sizes of extra-corporeal pneumatic pump devices and durability of plastic material used. PMID- 6989726 TI - [Mozart's fatal illness]. PMID- 6989727 TI - [Diseases of the exocrine pancreas in newborns and infants. A review. 2.: Organic pancreatic diseases (pancreatitis)]. PMID- 6989728 TI - [Metindol suppositories in the treatment of progressive polyarthritis]. PMID- 6989729 TI - The effect of alloxan diabetes and insulin on the rate of protein synthesis in the rat submandibular gland. AB - The incorporation of radioactively labeled leucine into TCA-precipitable proteins by submandibular gland tissue slices from control, alloxan diabetic, and insulin supplemented diabetic rats was measured in vitro. Incorporation decreased in alloxan diabetes and could be restored to control levels within three hours after insulin administration. The effects of alloxan diabetes and insulin on 3H-leucine incorporation paralleled their effects on a secretory enzyme, peroxidase. Insulin in vitro stimulated the incorporation of 3H-leucine within 15 minutes of addition to the incubation medium. Further, the response to insulin was found to be dose related. The conclusion drawn from these results is that insulin has a rapid, direct effect on the rate of protein synthesis in the rat submandibular gland. PMID- 6989731 TI - (Pro)insulin biosynthesis and secretion of islets prepared from human pancreas biopsies. PMID- 6989730 TI - Alterations in glucagon secretion in obese rats with hypothalamic lesions. PMID- 6989732 TI - Insulin release in long-term culture from isolated islets of obese and lean Zucker rats. PMID- 6989733 TI - Rectal insulin: a potent hypoglycemic preparation. PMID- 6989734 TI - Effect of met-enkephalin on portal insulin and glucose in the rat. PMID- 6989735 TI - Insulin-secretory effect of a low dose of adrenalin in the dog. PMID- 6989736 TI - Glucagon secretion inhibited by nickel in mouse pancreatic islets. PMID- 6989737 TI - Close interrelationships among glucose oxidation, glucose-induced 45Ca uptake and insulin release of presumed pancreatic beta-cell mass. PMID- 6989738 TI - Possible role of prolactin and pineal prolactin-regulating substances in pineal mediated gonadal atrophy in hamsters. AB - Homoplastic anterior pituitaries were transplanted beneath the renal capsule of adult male, Syrian golden hamsters and the effects studied on the gonadal and accessory organ atrophy following bilateral optic enucleation or placement in reduced (L/D = 10/14 h) photoperiods. In all cases, control hamsters, bearing kidney fragments transplanted beneath their renal capsules, showed gonadal atrophy and reduced blood levels of prolactin and LH at 8--10 weeks following light deprivation. On the other hand, hamsters, bearing three or four homoplastic pituitary grafts, showed complete maintenance of gonadal and accessory weights as well as normal or supranormal serum prolactin levels. Prolactin, but not LH, levels were maintained in hypophysectomized male hamsters bearing pituitary homografts. These results point out the significant role played by prolactin, and possibly that of pineal prolactin-regulating factors, in pineal-mediated gonadal atrophy. PMID- 6989739 TI - Urban hospitals at the precipice. PMID- 6989740 TI - Planning for survival in small and rural hospitals. AB - Formal planning is an interdisciplinary, organized process that should be an integral function of management in all hospitals, but it is needed most urgently in small and rural institutions. PMID- 6989741 TI - Hospitals are caught in regulatory crossruff. AB - HHS and IRS are good examples of federal agencies that, each responsible to its own unique regulatory, manage to frequently undermine congressional health policy intent. PMID- 6989742 TI - Rivlin briefs Congress on fiscal options. AB - Head of Congressional Budget Office analyzes budget alternatives, projects long range costs. PMID- 6989743 TI - Detection of immune complexes: techniques and implications. PMID- 6989744 TI - The aplastic anemias. PMID- 6989746 TI - Suppression of rat renal allograft rejection by antigen and antibody. PMID- 6989747 TI - The Fc-receptor: its role in the transmission of differentiation signals. PMID- 6989745 TI - XY females with enzyme deficiencies of steroid metabolism. A brief review. AB - The literature on XY females with enzyme deficiencies (17 alpha-hydroxylase, 17 beta-reductase and 17, 20-desmolase) is reviewed. The main features of these individuals are briefly compared with those of XY females with pure gonadal dysgenesis and with testicular feminization. PMID- 6989748 TI - Characterization of antibodies to basement membrane (type IV) collagen in immunohistological studies. AB - Antisera were produced in rabbits and guinea pigs against basement membrane (type IV) collagens which were extracted from a mouse tumor with acetic acid and from human placenta after limited digestion with pepsin. The antisera were specific for type IV collagen and did not crossreact with collagens type I, II and III from interstitial connective tissue, with collagen type V (AB2) from placenta and with a non-collagenous protein (laminin) obtained from basement membranes. Purified antibodies against both human and type IV collagen reacted in indirect immunofluorescence tests with the mouse tumor matrix and with authentic basement membranes in various human and mouse tissues. These antibodies failed to react with interstitial connective tissue. Absorption of antibodies against type IV tumor collagen with mouse or human kidney homogenate abolished or significantly decreased their reaction with tumor tissue. The findings indicate that various basement membranes may contain related or identical collagenous proteins which show a high degree of interspecies homology. PMID- 6989749 TI - Effect of the aggregational state on the mitogenicity of lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - The effects of ultrasonication, electrodialysis, and centrifugation through sucrose gradients on the mitogenicity of the lipoprotein (LP) from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli were studied in several inbred mouse strains. LP is not readily soluble in aqueous solution. By ultrasonication for 1 minute we obtained LP aggregates which were fully mitogenic; prolonged sonification had no influence on activity. Solubilization in 4% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and centrifugation into sucrose gradients yielded different aggregation forms of LP, which were B-lymphocyte mitogens towards LPS non responder C3H/HeJ mouse splenocytes, and towards congenitally athymic nude mice. By electrodialysis, LP could be transformed into different salt forms. The TEA-salt of LP exhibited enhanced mitogenicity. The results suggest that the mitogenicity of lipoprotein is widely independent from the aggregational state in which it is offered to the cells. PMID- 6989750 TI - Stimulation of human and mouse lymphocytes by ribosomal proteins. AB - Ribosomal 30S and 50S subunits as well as total proteins from the large subunit of E. coli ribosomes were found to be potent mitogens for both human adult and cord blood lymphocytes. On the other hand, the RNA fraction of the 50S subunit had only a weak stimulatory capacity suggesting that the protein moiety contains the stimulatory component. Experiments with lymphocyte subpopulations obtained by nylon wool filtration of E-rosette separation have shown that, in human, the main target cells are T lymphocytes. First experiments with mouse spleen cells indicate that, in mice, T and B lymphocytes can be stimulated by ribosomal proteins. PMID- 6989751 TI - A long-lasting enhancing effect of anti-tuberculin antiserum on delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in BCG-infected guinea pigs. AB - Anti-tuberculin serum and anti-BCG immunoglobulins from immunized guinea pigs were transferred into recipient guinea pigs which had been infected with BCG. An enhancement of tuberculin skin reactivity was observed 7 and 35 days after transfer of homologous antiserum in comparison to a control group. This indicates a modulating effect of humoral factors, presumably specific antibodies on the expression of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction after immunostimulation with BCG. PMID- 6989752 TI - Mitogenic and antigenic properties of group A streptococcal M protein preparations. AB - The separation of a mitogenic substance in M protein preparations of Streptococcus pyogenes, type 1 and type 12, is described. The isolation was achieved by gel chromatography on Biogel A 0.5 m, and by immunochromatography on immobilized type specific antibodies. In the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity test the immunochromatography purified M 1 protein caused erythema but no unspecific mitogenicity could be found by lymphocyte transformation test. In neutralization experiments the mitogenic activity of M protein preparations was specifically inhibited by anti-erythrogenic toxin antisera. PMID- 6989753 TI - Sequential hemodynamic changes in end-stage renal disease and the anephric state during volume expansion. AB - The sequence of hemodynamic events during periods of salt- and water-loading was studied in anephric patients and those with end-stage kidney disease. The 10 patients studied showed four different sequential hemodynamic patterns: 1) no significant increase in blood pressure (BP) in two patients; 2) increase in BP associated with an increase in cardiac output and without change in total peripheral resistance in two patients; 3) increase in BP associated with an increase in total peripheral resistance from the beginning without an increase in cardiac output in five patients; and 4) increase in BP associated with an initial increase in cardiac output followed by an increase in total peripheral resistance in one patient. There was a significant positive correlation between BP and blood volume and between BP and total exchangeable sodium in the patients in whom salt- and water-loading increased the BP. It is concluded that during salt- and water loading an initial rise in cardiac output is not necessary to increase BP and that a sustained rise in cardiac output does not always increase the total peripheral resistance. Mechanisms other than whole-body autoregulation play a role in increasing BP during salt- and water-loading in patients deprived of renal excretory function. PMID- 6989754 TI - The role of sympathetic activity in normal renin essential hypertension. AB - Understanding the connection between sympathetic activity and essential hypertension is still rudimentary. We studied interrelationships of plasma catecholamines, plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, sodium intake, and therapeutic response of 20 normal renin hypertensives. Based on plasma norepinephrine (NE), this population fell into two distinct subsets. The 11 patients in the "normal" NE subset had a basal NE of 257 +/- 49 pg/ml (vs 250 +/- 62 pg/ml in normotensives), while nine patients in the "high" range NE group averaged 522 +/- 125 pg/ml. Both NE subsets showed significant correlation between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and NE. Only the "normal" NE subset showed significant correlation between MAP and PRA, and MAP and aldosterone. Correlations between changes in Na+ excretion and NE, PRA, and aldosterone were all negative and statistically significant. Blood pressure was controlled in eight of 11 "normal" NE patients but only in one of nine "high" NE patients by restriction of Na+ intake and/or use of a diuretic. PMID- 6989755 TI - Plasma norepinephrine variations with dietary sodium intake. AB - Plasma catecholamine and renin activity levels were measured across a range of dietary sodium intakes (10--300 mEq/day) in 20 normal male volunteers. Supine plasma norepinephrine levels presented a triphasic pattern in relation to urine sodium, whereas epinephrine levels were not significantly altered by sodium intake, and renin showed the well-known hyperbolic relationship to urine sodium excretion. Highest supine norepinephrine values occurred at low salt intakes, the lowest when sodium excretion was between 100 and 180 mEq/day, and intermediate when sodium excretion was greater than 180 mEq/day. These findings show that sodium intake is an important consideration in the interpretation of plasma norepinephrine levels. PMID- 6989756 TI - Mechanism of enhanced blood pressure rise after reclipping following removal of a renal artery clip in rats. AB - The effect of removing a renal artery clip 14 to 18 days after its application was studied in two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats. Blood pressure decreased to a normotensive level within 24 hours after the removal of the clip. The cardiovascular effects of reapplication of the clip and infusion of renin, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine were assessed at that time. Reapplication of the clip to the unclipped renal artery was followed in 1 hour by an increase in blood pressure to the level of sham-operated renal hypertensive rats. After reapplication of the clip, plasma renin activity increased to the same level as after the initial application. Application of the clip to the contralateral renal artery did not affect blood pressure and failed to increase plasma renin activity. It appears that renin release is a prerequisite for the rapid rise of blood pressure after reapplication of the clip. The infusion of renin, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine for 90 minutes caused an enhanced blood pressure response similar to that observed following reapplication of the clip. The increase in blood pressure in control rats was associated with bradycardia, which was absent in unclipped rats. The enhanced response of unclipped rats to an infusion of renin was abolished by pithing. It is concluded that removal of a renal artery clip unmasks a hyperreactivity of the cardiovascular system to reapplication of the clip. PMID- 6989757 TI - Sympathetic and renin-angiotensin system influence on blood pressure and renal blood flow of two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive dog. AB - Conscious normotensive and two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive dogs were studied to determine the influence of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems on the blood pressure and renal blood flow. Renal blood flow was monitored in a single kidney of the normotensive dogs and in the contralateral kidney of the hypertensive dogs. Saralasin was infused intravenously (i.v.) at 1 microgram/kg/min for 15 minutes in untreated and guanethidine-treated animals. Guanethidine (i.v.) decreased blood pressure (BP) in the hypertensives at X = 16 days after Goldblatt clamp application, but not in the normotensives, and did not affect renal blood flow or vascular resistance in either group. Saralasin produced approximately the same BP decrease in both untreated and guanethidine treated hypertensives at X = 12 days after Goldblatt clamp application; the combined effect of the drugs was greater than saralasin alone. Blood flow and vascular resistance of the hypertensives' contralateral kidney were not significantly affected by saralasin in these experiments. No sustained effect on BP or renal blood flow was obtained with saralasin in the normotensives. Administration of furosemide was utilized to increase plasma renin activity (PRA) in another series of experiments. In both normotensives and hypertensives, PRA was elevated at 2-3 hours after furosemide application, being greater in the hypertensives. When the renin-angiotensin system was activated in this manner, saralasin had a significant hypotensive and renal vasodilator effect in the hypertensives, but not in the normotensives. PMID- 6989759 TI - [Metabolic studies during the comparison of a reducing diet with standard nutriton in volunteers]. AB - Using human volunteers the metabolic alterations during standardized nutrition (2,000 kcal/day = 8,400 kJ/day) and during energy-reduced nutrition (1,180 kcal/day = 6,000 kJ/day) with a carbohydrate-containing semiformula diet were investigated. Evaluating the concentrations of blood glucose, serum insulin and serum-free fatty acids it was demonstrated that the nutrition-induced metabolic alterations between the meals (i.e. hyperinsulinemia, low fatty acid concentrations) were not normalized in the group using the standardized diet. In contrast in the group with energy-reduced diet (240 kcal/meal = 1,000 kJ) the concentrations of serum-free fatty acids and of serum insulin reached the fasting values before the next meal. The concentrations of triglycerides and of urea show merely slight reactions following the meals. A rise in concentration of these two parameters is found after the last meal. It is concluded that with the standardized diet the absorption phase following the meals lasts for at least 4 h, whereas the absorption is ended within 2-3 h following the energy-reduced meal. The results of these investigations are interpreted as follows. During a carbohydrate-containing semiformula diet the metabolic mechanisms including the regulations remain unaltered. An effect of the energy reduction is found merely before the next meal. It is assumed that the semiformula diet used does not induce ketosis or glucose tolerance due to a sufficient supply of carbohydrates. With regards to the metabolic effects measured this kind of semiformula diet is judged to be well balanced. PMID- 6989758 TI - [Insulin secretion after surgery: measurements after abdominal operations]. AB - The study includes measurements of glucose and insulin in 30 patients after surgical trauma. The times of measurements were between the 2nd and 6th, 6th and 10th, and 10th and 21st postoperative days. An intravenous glucose load (1 g/kg body weight/60 min) was used. For the exact measurement of secretion of the islet cells we also determined insulin and glucose in portal venous blood. The following conclusions were made: (1) Measurements of insulin in the peripheral venous blood has no exact correlation to insulin secretion in the postoperative period. The insulin concentration in the portal vein blood after a glucose load shows significant variations to the insulin concentration in the cubital vein blood. (2) A greater surgical trauma (abdominal operation) causes a disorder of glucose utilization in the first postoperative week. (3) The insulin secretion after intravenous glucose load is significantly diminished during the first operative week. PMID- 6989760 TI - [Escherichia coli o serotyping in different patient groups with urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - Using 44 anti-O sera 789 Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections were typed. Of the 119 E. coli strains from the urine of children, 49.6% were O-typable; only 3.4% were rough strains. Of 357 strains from pregnant women, 47% were O-typable; 12.1% were rough strains. The largest proportion of O-typable E. coli strains was found among 314 strains isolated from adults with recurrent urinary tract infections (55.4% of the 314 strains); 8% were rough strains. The higher proportion of E. coli rough strains in adults, including pregnant women, indicate that once a pyelonephritis process has been established by virulent smooth strains in childhood, it can be sustained by rough strains at a later stage. Certain O serotypes were found to occur with a variable frequency in the individual patient groups. Enteropathogenic E. coli strains were seldom found in any of the three groups. PMID- 6989761 TI - [Escherichia coli O Serotyping in different patients groups with urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - Using 44 anti-O sera 789 Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections were typed. Of the 199 E. coli strains from the urine of children. 49.6% were O-typable; only 3.4% were rough strains. Of 357 strains from pregnant women, 47% were O-typable; 12.1% were rough strains. The largest proportion of O-typable E. coli strains was found among 314 strains isolated from adults with recurrent urinary tract infections (55.4% of the 314 strains); 8% were rough strains. The higher proportion of E. coli rough strains in adults, including pregnant women, indicate that once a pyelonephritis process has been established by virulent smooth strains in childhood, it can be sustained by rough strains at a later stage. Certain O serotypes were found to occur with a variable frequency in the individual patient groups. Enteropathogenic E. coli strains were seldom found in any of the three groups. PMID- 6989762 TI - Specificity of receptors for IgG on human cytotoxic plaque-forming mononuclear leukocytes. Induction and inhibition of plaque-forming activity. AB - Intact rabbit IgG antisheep erythrocyte antibodies, and the corresponding F(ab')2 fragments and partially reduced and alkylated IgG were studied for the capacity to induce cytotoxic plaque formation by normal human mononuclear leukocytes in surface monolayers of sheep erythrocytes. The F (ab')2 fragments did not induce plaque formation, whereas partially reduced and alkylated IgG antibodies had a good plaque-inducing capacity compared to untreated IgG anti-SRBC antibodies. The plaque formation was inhibited by human IgG, but not by IgM, IgA, IgD or IgE. Normal and myeloma IgG in aggregated form gave a stronger inhibition than the corresponding proteins. Strong inhibition was observed with IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4, and with IgG2 after aggregation. Both the Fc and pFc' corresponding to the C terminal domain gave a strong inhibition. Thus, the region of the IgG molecule involved in binding to the Fc receptor of the plaque-forming cells appears to be located within the CH3 domain. These observations, therefore, indicate that the plaque-forming cells are of monocytic origin. PMID- 6989763 TI - Spleen hemolytic plaque-forming cell response and generation of cytotoxic cells in genetically obese (C57Bl/6J ob/ob) mice. AB - Cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated in genetically obese (C57Bl/6J ob/ob) mice and lean controls. The thymus and spleen weighed less and contained fewer mononuclear cells in obese animals compared with controls. The total number of direct and indirect plaque-forming cells in the spleen of obese mice immunized intraperitoneally with sheep red blood cells was reduced, however, when the results were expressed as plaques/10(6) mononuclear cells, the proportion of antibody-producing cells was higher in the obese. Ob/ob mice immunized in vivo with allogeneic EL-4 lymphoma cells showed markedly diminished capacity to generate cytotoxic cells, whereas such response after in vitro immunization was comparable in the two groups of animals. These observations suggest that altered cell-mediated immune response in obese animals is the result of a deleterious microenvironment. PMID- 6989764 TI - Humoral immune responses to human lymphoma cell heterotransplants in the central nervous system of athymic, nude mice. AB - Human malignant lymphoma cells may be readily heterotransplanted into the brains of athymic nude mice. We have examined humoral immune responses to these lymphoma cells and have found a primary cytotoxic IgM and a late cytotoxic IgG response. Nude mice with tumors growing intracerebrally were injected intravenously with fractionated IgM or IgG anti-lymphoma cell antibody obtained from heterozygous immunocompetent animals. Frozen brain sections from these mice stained with fluoresceinated antibodies to mouse IgG and IgM revealed the presence of IgG but no IgM. Thus, IgM could not cross the blood-brain barrier to react with the heterotransplanted lymphoma cells. It is proposed that xenogeneic tumor cells grow readily within the brains of nude mice because these cells are protected from a primary host cytotoxic IgM response by the blood-brain barrier. The blood brain barrier renders the brain an immune sanctuary within which the impaired cell-mediated immune responses of nude mice are further compromised by the exclusion of a major component of the humoral immune response. PMID- 6989765 TI - Characterization of the presumptive sarcoma cells in primary MSV tumors. AB - Presumptive sarcoma cells have been isolated from primary MSV tumors induced in normal, immunosuppressed (ALG) and athymic nude mice. These cells were atypical in appearance, induced tumors in secondary hosts and expressed the viral antigens gp70, p30 and p12. In vitro growth characteristics of the MSV cells were tested in a variety of assays defining cell transformation. None of these indicated that the virus-positive cells were transformed. Sex chromosome marker studies were carried out to determine if secondary tumor arose solely from proliferation of donor cells or through infection of host tissue. Tumors from female irradiated mice induced by injections of tumor cells derived from male mice contained a high proportion of metaphases of non-donor origin, indicating that infection is an important but not the sole mechanism involved in tumor transfer. These data also demonstrated that many of the sarcoma cells are damaged as a result of infection as shown by the presence of chromosome breaks and aneuploid metaphases. Histologic sections of both regressor and progressor tumors showed that the virus positive cells were scattered as single cells surrounded by inflammatory cells, rather than as masses of dividing virus-positive cells found in the MSV-induced transplanted tumor. Collectively, these data support the contention that the MSV tumor is the manifestation of a response to a highly noxious virus infection rather than a tumor of dividing, transformed malignant cells. PMID- 6989766 TI - Human cell line (COLO 357) of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. AB - A continuous human cell line, COLO 357, with exceptional characteristics was derived from a metastasis of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. COLO 357 grew as an adhering monolayer with a cell doubling time of 21 h and grew with 10% clonal efficiency in soft agar. COLO 357 cells had numerous lamellar inclusions. The cells elaborated the pancreatic enzymes trypsin, elastase and chymotrypsin. COLO 357 also secreted appreciable amounts of carcinoembryonic antigen and human chorionic gonadotropin. COLO 357 had a chromosome mode of 53 with 20 identifiable Giemsa-banded marker chromosomes. Nine nucleolar organizing regions were found by silver-stained metaphase preparations. COLO 357 has been "fingerprinted" for seven allelic isozymes. This cell line has been maintained in active culture for over 2 years, is preserved in a cell bank, and is available to other investigators. PMID- 6989767 TI - Tumorigenicity and in vitro characteristics of rat liver epithelial cells and their adenovirus-transformed derivatives. AB - Cloned and uncloned epithelial cultures were established from the liver of a 3 week-old AS rat. These epithelial cultures were neither tumorigenic nor did they display anchorage-independent growth. One of the clones was cytogenetically normal after 53 in vitro passages (approximately 200 population doublings after cloning). Eight transformed lines were isolated from the liver epithelial cells after infection with adenovirus type 12 (Ad-12). Five of these produced typical Ad12 T-antigen, whereas three appeared to be T-antigen-negative. All were tumorigenic in newborn syngeneic rats. The T-antigen-positive transformed lines produced anaplastic-epithelial tumors, whereas the T-antigen-negative transformed lines produced adenocarcinomas. Although all the transformed lines were tumorigenic, some were fibronectin-positive while others produced no detectable fibronectin. The normal (untransformed) epithelial cells produced fibronectin. These results are interesting for two reasons: (1) there are relatively few reports of fibronectin on epithelial cells and (2) they emphasize the view that there is no absolute correlation between reduced fibronectin and tumorigenicity in transformed cells. The transformed lines displayed in vitro characteristics similar to those of transformants derived from embryonic and fibroblastic cell strains, notably, increased saturation density and changes in cellular morphology. Some of the transformed cell lines, but not all, displayed anchorage independent growth. All the transformed cell lines were picked from multi-layered foci so that morphological criteria (i.e. piling-up focus) for isolating transformants from the epithelial cultures were similar as in embryonic and fibroblastic transforming cell systems. With the new cell system we have developed we can, using the same epithelial cell line (clone C3), study both virus transformation and virus mutagenesis. PMID- 6989768 TI - The effect of clonidine on renin and aldosterone of hypertensive patients. AB - The behaviour of blood pressure, sodium balance, plasma potassium, urinary and plasma aldosterone, plasma cortisol, growth hormone, 17 OH ketogenic steroids were studied in 20 mild hypertensive in-patients (10 with low and 10 with normal PRA) before, 1 day and 5 days after clonidine. Blood pressure was significantly decreased by clonidine while PRA was as a mean unchanged. No correlation was found between blood pressure changes and either basal PRA or aldosterone values or PRA and aldosterone changes after clonidine. Urinary aldosterone was significantly decreased by clonidine and aldosterone changes were unrelated to those parameters (PRA, plasma potassium, sodium balance, ACTH) which are known to influence aldosterone secretion, while GH showed a small increment the first day but was unchanged the fifth day. Plasma aldosterone was not significantly changed by clonidine but its changes showed an inverse correlation to urinary aldosterone changes. CONCLUSIONS: In our normal and low renin patients the antihypertensive action of clonidine is neither predicted by basal PRA and urinary aldosterone values nor explained by their changes. The opposite effect of clonidine on urinary aldosterone and plasma aldosterone may point to a decrease of metabolic clearance rate of the hormone exerted by the drug. PMID- 6989769 TI - Psychiatry and the origins of Nazism. AB - This paper examines the social environment in which the psychiatric profession evolved in Germany in the period between the bourgeois revolution and the onset of Nazism, and delineates the stages of psychiatric theory which paved the way for the murderous alliance between the profession and the fascist state. To bolster its professional status, psychiatry pretended to adopt the methods of the physical sciences. This led to an exclusive concern with genetically determined etiological factors and a rejection of the potential for therapy. Psychiatric theory thus became an instrument used to legitimate the authoritarian state's drive to isolate those who treatened to disrupt society or were economically unproductive. This development ultimately strengthened the racial hygiene ideology of the Third Reich and facilitated the extermination of 100,000 mental patients. PMID- 6989770 TI - Workers' and community participation and democratic control in Cuba. AB - This article is a historical and current analysis and description of the evolution of worker, community, and popular participation and democratic control in Cuba since 1958. It contains: (a) an analysis of the political developments in the Cuban Revolution that led to the establishment of direct forms of democracy at the work-place and in the community; (b) a detailed analysis and account of how workers participate and control the processes of production and distribution of goods and services; and (c) an in-depth account and analysis of how people living in neighborhoods, rural and urban districts, municipalities, and provinces control the different levels and branches of the state apparatus--People's Power- and also how they participate in the implementation--through mass organizations- of state policies. The responsibilites, modus operandi, and relationships of the Communist Party, the trade unions, and other mass organizations, and the organs of People's Power, are also described and analyzed. The opportunities and problems, successes and failures, and strengths and weaknesses of the Cuban road to socialism and democracy are detailed. It is concluded that the Cuban Revolution has enhanced democracy most dramatically through the Cuban people's substantial involvement, participation, and control of their own lives. PMID- 6989771 TI - Workers' participation and control in Italy: the case of occupational medicine. AB - This article sets forth a historical and current analysis of (a) the occupational health services in Italy; and (b) the political, economic, and social forces that determined them. Special focus is placed on the analysis of the events leading to the establishment in 1969 of forms of direct democracy at the workplace, i.e. workers' committees, and their consequences for the occupational health services. Also described and analyzed are the responsibilities and modus operandi of these committees in the creation and reproduction of scientific knowledge at the point of production. The relationship between the workers' committees, the "experts," and the institutions of medicine, as well as that between the workers' committees, political parties, and the trade unions, is also discussed. An update on the impact that recent political developments have had on these workers' committees concludes the article. PMID- 6989772 TI - The proletarianization of nursing in the United States, 1932--1946. AB - There have been many studies of the development of an industrial work force with all its attendant hardships as newly proletarianized peasants were thrown off the land and into factory labor. The author postulates that a similar process occurred in the creation of at least one modern "profession"--nursing--as the traditional autonomy of private practive nursing was displaced by institutional nursing in hospitals and nursing homes. Prior to the Depression, most nurses worked in private duty--as independent entrepreneurs--without the regimentation, rigid division of labor, and intense supervision characteristic of modern hospitals. The collapse of the U.S. economy made it impossible for most nurses to continue to earn a living privately at the same time that hospitals required cheap labor power in order to develop as viable businesses. Despite the promise of job security in hospital work, most nurses resisted the change by criticism, sabotage, walking away from job, and attempts at unionization. Hospitals sought in response to inculcate loyalty by a variety of methods, including screening of applicants, in-service training, and professional ideology. In some instances, hospitals coerced private nurses into "staff" jobs by threatening their ability to secure business on their own. By the end of World War II, the majority of nurses were employed, for the first time, as wage earners for institutions. The entire period was marked by such discord and revolt on the part of nurses, however, that the American Nurses' Association was transformed as an organization in order to avoid massive unionization. The study points out that this unwritten history of nursing has been obscured by professional nursing leaders who are still suppressing revolts of rank-and-file nurses against the conditions of hospital work. PMID- 6989773 TI - The work of George Rosen: observations on a very small sample. AB - A sampling of the work of George Rosen-physician, public health worker, medical historian, sociologist, and teacher--is presented to illustrate his method of relating historical development ot the material conditions of both past and present. The material circumstances which nurtured Rosen's Marxist philosophical perspective are traced. PMID- 6989774 TI - Naegleria lovaniensis new species: isolation and identification of six thermophilic strains of a new species found in association with Naegleria fowleri. PMID- 6989775 TI - Catabolic metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 6989776 TI - The linear relationship between DNA double-strand breaks and radiation dose (30 MeV electrons) is converted into a quadratic function by cellular repair. PMID- 6989777 TI - Survival of irradiated glia and glioma cells studied with a new cloning technique. AB - A method allowing cloning of monolayer cultured cells with a low plating efficiency was developed. Cells were grown in several small palladium squares to obtain a high cell density. These squares were surrounded by non-adhesive agarose to prevent large distance migration and thereby mixing of the clones. By using easily-cloned hamster cells for comparison it was found that the survival curves were similar to the curves obtained with conventional cloning. The new method was used to compare the radiosensitivity of cultured human glia and glioma cells which both have a low plating efficiency (less than 5 per cent) when seeded sparsely. The survival curves for the glioma cells had high Do-values (1.5--2.5 Gy) and large shoulders (extrapolation numbers around 5) indicating that they were rather resistant and had a high capacity for accumulation of sublethal damage. The survival curves for glia cells had lower Do-values (1.3--1.5 Gy) and no shoulders at all, indicating that they were more sensitive than the glioma cells. PMID- 6989778 TI - 241Plutonium deposition and redistribution in the rat rib. AB - Using the techniques of 241plutonium autoradiography and plutonium alpha autoradiography the distribution of intravenously injected plutonium in the rat rib has been investigated, at times up to 4 months after injection. The results showed that at some time plutonium either became buried in the bone cortex or was resorbed. Plutonium which was resorbed was found in osteoclasts and macrophages. Subsequently, much of the resorbed plutonium was redeposited. The dosimetric implications of the results are discussed. PMID- 6989779 TI - Delayed plating recovery and protein synthesis in X-irradiated yeast. PMID- 6989780 TI - [Legionnaire's disease, a new communicable disease]. PMID- 6989781 TI - [Progressive lung fibrosis: Exogenous allergic alveolitis or legionnaire's disease?]. PMID- 6989782 TI - [Diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 6989784 TI - Urinary oligosaccharides inhibit adhesion of E. coli onto canine urinary tract epithelium. AB - Canine urine fractions were tested for their capacity to release Escherichia coli from everted canine ureteral segments. Urine was effective in detaching epithelially-bound E. coli; the active principle was a small molecular weight carbohydrate. Treatment with lectins decreased the degree of E. coli surface colonization, which confirms the importance of the mucosal glycocalyx in adhesion. The adhesion-inhibition by the active components may be by competition, which implies that the bacteria-releasing sugars resemble the determinant sugar moieties on the epithelial glycocalyx. PMID- 6989783 TI - Postischemic acute renal failure. Initiation, maintenance, and recovery. PMID- 6989785 TI - Preservation of ischemically damaged canine kidneys. Cold storage versus perfusion. AB - Dog kidneys subjected to a period of warm ischemia followed by either simple cold storage or hypothermic pulsatile perfusion were autotransplanted 24 hr after harvesting, and a contralateral nephrectomy was performed at the same time. Renal function was comparable with both techniques, and all dogs survived. When kidneys were subjected to 30 min of warm ischemia followed by one of the two preservation methods, renal function was again comparable and 50 per cent of the animals in each group survived. We conclude, therefore, that for 24 hr of canine renal preservation, cold storage is as effective as pulsatile perfusion even when the kidney has been initially subjected to 30 min of warm ischemia. PMID- 6989786 TI - Thomas Crapper (1837-1910). PMID- 6989787 TI - Unrelated volunteers as bone marrow donors. PMID- 6989788 TI - Refusing an amputation: who should pay for the extra care? PMID- 6989789 TI - Naproxen in the prevention of migraine attacks. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. PMID- 6989790 TI - Glucose repression and autolysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells: alterations in the cytochemical localization of acid phosphatase. AB - Alterations in the localization of acid phosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during glucose repression and during autolysis have been studied. Cell morphology becomes distinctly changed after only 2 h in the presence of high glucose concentration while after 3 h of glucose repression the majority of the mitochondrial structures resemble promitochondria. Yeast cells repressed for 6 h contain almost completely degraded mitochondrial structures and numerous lipid droplets in the central vacuole and cytoplasm. Destruction of mitochondria is accompanied by the accumulation of acid phosphatase in these organelles and in the cytoplasm, whereas its activity in the central vacuole is lowered, most probably because of the leakage of the enzyme into the cytoplasm. No preferential breakdown of mitochondria is observed during autolysis. On the contrary, mitochondria are apparently the last to be degraded. Digestion of cytoplasmic regions and membranous elements occurs intravacuolarly after sequestration by protrusions of the central vacuole which are formed at the initial stages of autolysis. Acid phosphatase is not released from the central vacuole, suggesting indirectly that vacuole enzymes do not migrate into the cytoplasm during autolysis. PMID- 6989791 TI - A method for the ultrastructural demonstration of non-specific esterase in human blood and lymphoid tissue. AB - Using the substrate 2-naphthylthiol acetate (NTA), we developed a reproducible method of demonstrating a non-specific esterase while retaining nuclear and cytoplasmic details at the ultrastructural level. The NTA esterase had a distribution and pattern of staining similar to those of esterases demonstrable at the light microscopic level by the alpha-naphthyl acetate or naphthol AS-D acetate esterase reaction. The NTA esterase appeared as intensely electron-dense granules of varying size and shape in the cytoplasm. The granules were most abundant in the cells of the histiomonocytic series. The large number of diffusely scattered granules in the cytoplasm of the histiocytes and monocytes made it possible to separate these cells from other haematopoietic elements. There was usually no direct relationship between the NTA esterase positivity and the amount or the location of lysosomes or mitochondria, although in some histiocytes the granules appeared to be associated with lysosomes. The NTA esterase-positive granules were usually more numerous than lysosomes and were located outside the lysosomal granules. Some of the lymphocytes outside the germinal centres and most of the lymphocytes in the blood showed a punctate positivity in the form of 1--4 electron-dense dots. Plasma cells were usually negative but, in rare cases, contained an occasional single dot-like reaction product similar to that in some of the lymphocytes. Granulocytes were always negative. The method described in this paper can be used effectively for identification and study of human haematopoietic cells lines at the ultrastructural level. PMID- 6989792 TI - Evaluation of concentrated solutions of guaifenesin for equine anesthesia. AB - The pH, osmolality, stability, and bacteriostatic characteristics of 5%, 10%, and 15% solutions of guaifenesin were studied. In vitro and in vivo experiments were done to determine the hemolytic potential of the more concentrated solutions on equine blood, as compared with the recommended 5% solution. The primary objective was to determine whether more concentrated solutions could be used clinically. The secondary objective was to determine the optimal diluent (water, 0.9% saline, or 5% dextrose). It was concluded that a 10% solution of guaifenesin made in sterile distilled water was most suitable for clinical equine anesthesia. Such a preparation has reasonable storage qualities and does not induce clinically significant hemolysis. PMID- 6989793 TI - The synthesis of amides of polyene macrolide antibiotics. PMID- 6989794 TI - Degradation of soluble and insoluble proteins by Bacteroides amylophilus protease and by rumen microorganisms. AB - Various soluble and insoluble proteins (6.25 mg) were incubated at 37 C with partially purified protease from Bacteroides amylophilus (156 micrograms) in 2.0 ml of .1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.6, for 2, 4, 6 and 18 hr, and the liberated amino acids were determined by the ninhydrin method. Results showed that (1) although soluble, serum albumin and ribonuclease A were resistant to hydrolysis; (2) soluble and insoluble proteins of soybean meal were hydrolyzed at almost identical rates; (3) soluble proteins from soybean meal, rapeseed meal and casein were hydrolyzed at different rates, and (4) treatment of resistant proteins (serum albumin, ribonuclease A and insoluble fish meal and rapeseed meal proteins) with mercaptoethanol in 8 M urea or oxidation with performic acid rendered these proteins susceptible to hydrolysis. It is concluded that (1) solubility or insolubility of a protein is not by itself an indication of the protein's resistance or susceptibility to hydrolysis by rumen bacterial protease; (2) structural characteristics of the properties which renders feed protein resistant to degradation is the presence of crosslinking disulfide bonds. PMID- 6989795 TI - The relationship between structure and activity of taurolin. PMID- 6989796 TI - Characterization of different plasmid-borne dihydropteroate synthases mediating bacterial resistance to sulfonamides. AB - Plasmid-borne resistance to sulfonamides was studied in both newly isolated and earlier characterized R plasmids. Two different classes of drug-resistant dihydropteroate synthases were found to be responsible for most cases of plasmid mediated sulfonamide resistance. The plasmid-coded enzymes could be completely separated from their chromosomal counterpart and also showed differences in heat stability and molecular size. The resistant and chromosomal enzymes could bind the normal substrate, p-aminobenzoic acid, with equal efficiency. In contrast, sulfonamide binding was about 10,000 times lower with the plasmid-coded enzymes than with the chromosomal enzyme. Another substrate analog, p-aminosalicylic acid, on the other hand, inhibited chromosomal and plasmid-mediated enzymes to a similar extent. Evidence was also found for the existence of a plasmid-borne resistance mechanism independent of drug-insensitive enzymes. PMID- 6989797 TI - Acceptance by Erwinia spp. of R plasmid R68.45 and its ability to mobilize the chromosome of Erwinia chrysanthemi. AB - R plasmid R68.45 was transferred in broth matings from Escherichia coli to strains of Erwinia amylovora, E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, E. chrysanthemi, and E. herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans); the frequency of transfer ranged from 2 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-4) per input donor cell depending on the bacterial species. The drug resistance markers tet(+), amp(+), and kan(+) were stable in these Erwinia species. Transconjugants of Erwinia spp., but not of the wild-type parent Erwinia strains, acquired levels of antibiotic resistance (tetracycline, 50 mug/ml; ampicillin, 200 mug/ml; kanamycin 200 mug/ml) similar to those of the donor R68.45-bearing strain of Escherichia coli. Erwinia transconjugants (with one exception of E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica) were donors of the antibiotic resistance markers; the frequency of transfer was consistently higher with an E. coli strain than with Erwinia spp. as recipients, and when matings were done on a solid surface (membranes) rather than in liquid. Transfer of chromosomal markers ade(+), gal(+), gtu(+) (utilization of galacturonate), his(+), leu(+), lys(+), thr(+), and trp(+) occurred in crosses between E. chrysanthemi strains harboring R68.45 and appropriate recipient strains; the frequency of transfer ranged from 9.0 x 10(-8) to 2.0 x 10(-6) depending on the selective marker. Analysis of the coinheritance of unselected markers among various classes of recombinants revealed linkage between thr-leu-lys-ade and between trp and his, thus confirming earlier findings with the Hfr-type donor cells. Since R68.45 mobilized an array of chromosomal markers in the wild-type as well as genetically marked strains of E. chrysanthemi, the system, used in conjunction with the existing Hfr strains, should provide a useful tool to study the genetics of plant pathogenicity of this bacterial species. In contrast to E. chrysanthemi, R68.45 did not mobilize chromosomal markers ilv(+), his(+), rbs(+), ser(+), and thr(+) in E. amylovora EA178. PMID- 6989798 TI - Genetic locus, distant from ptsM, affecting enzyme IIA/IIB function in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Most strains of Escherichia coli K-12 are unable to use the enzyme IIA/IIB (enzyme IIMan) complex of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) in anaerobic growth and therefore cannot utilize glucosamine anaerobically. Introduction into these strains of a ptsG mutation, which eliminates activity of the enzyme IIIGlc/IIB' complex of the PTS, resulted in inability to grow anaerobically on glucose and mannose. Derivative strains able to grow anaerobically on glucosamine had mutations at a locus close to man, the gene coding for phosphomannose isomerase, and had higher enzyme IIA/IIB activities during anaerobic growth than did the parental strain. These results establish a locus affecting function of enzyme IIA/IIB that maps distant from ptsM, the probable structural gene for enzyme IIB. PMID- 6989799 TI - Hydrogenase in actinorhizal root nodules and root nodule homogenates. AB - Hydrogenases were measured in intact actinorhizal root nodules and from disrupted nodules of Alnus glutinosa, Alnus rhombifolia, Alnus rubra, and Myrica pensylvanica. Whole nodules took up H2 in an O2-dependent reaction. Endophyte preparations oxidized H2 through the oxyhydrogen reaction, but rates were enhanced when hydrogen uptake was coupled to artificial electron acceptors. Oxygen inhibited artifical acceptor-dependent H2 uptake. The hydrogenase system from M. pensylvanica had a different pattern of coupling to various electron acceptors than the hydrogenase systems from the alders; only the bayberry system evolved H2 from reduced viologen dyes. PMID- 6989800 TI - Salmonella typhimurium LT2 mutation affecting the deletion of resistance determinants on R plasmids. AB - Plasmid Rms312, specifying resistance to tetracycline (Tc), chloramphenicol (Cm), streptomycin (Sm), sulfonamide (Su), and mercury chloride (Mer), deletes both Tc and Cm Sm Su Mer determinants at a high frequency in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. S. typhimurium mutants that were stable carriers of Rms312 were isolated by alternate culture of R-bearing cells in a medium containing either tetracycline or chloramphenicol. In one of these mutants the deletion frequency of drug resistance determinants was decreased by about 100-fold not only Rms312, but also in R100, R1, and R6-5. This mutation caused a slight reduction of ultraviolet resistance but did not affect generalized genetic recombination, indicating that the mutation is different from recA. The mutation, designated dor (deletion of r determinants), was mapped to a position near 57 units in the new linkage map of S. typhimurijm LT2 (K. E. Sanderson and P. E. Hartman, Microbiol. Rev. 42:471 519, 1978). The dor mutation had no effect on IS1-mediated illegitimate deletion, indicating that the dor mutation is different from the del mutation described by Nevers and Saedler (P. Nevers and H. Saedler, Mol. Gen. Genet. 160:209-214, 1978). PMID- 6989801 TI - Creatinine metabolism in Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus bacillisporus. AB - The pathogenic species of Cryptococcus, C. neoformans and C. bacillisporus, utilized creatinine as a source of nitrogen but not of carbon. Chromatographic and autoradiographic studies suggest that creatinine metabolism in both species involves a single step resulting in the production of methylhydantoin and ammonia. The enzyme responsible for this step, creatinine deiminase, was produced by the cells only in the presence of creatinine in both species. The synthesis of creatinine deiminase was repressed by ammonia in C. neoformans, but not in C. bacillisporus. A possible explanation for this variation, based on the ecological differences between the two species, is discussed. A novel method for measuring creatinine deiminase activity is also described. PMID- 6989802 TI - Penetration of colicin M into cells of Escherichia coli. AB - A new class of colicin M-tolerant mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 was isolated. The mutants exhibited an unusually high tolerance in that they were unaffected by colicin titers of 10(6). The tolerance was confined to colicin M. It was mapped at a locus called tolM, which is close to rpsL. The following gene order was determined: aroE, tolM, rpsL, cysG. The tolerance could be caused by a defect in the uptake of colicin M or by a mutation at the site of action. Insensitive tonA and tonB mutants became sensitive to colicin M upon treatment by osmotic shock, whereas the tolM mutants remained insensitive. Trypsin rescue experiments showed that the tonB-dependent uptake of colicin M required energy like the other tonB related transport processes. When bound to energy-depleted cells, colicin M prevented adsorption of phage T5. The receptor became accessible to the phage when the cells were energized, except in tonB mutants. These data suggest that the function controlled by the tonB gene is required for the translocation of colicin M from its initial binding site at the tonA-coded receptor protein to the target. PMID- 6989803 TI - Position effect on expression of dsd genes cloned onto multicopy plasmids. AB - In the D-serine deaminase system of Escherichia coli, which is regulated by positive control, we have fouand a complete lack of trans activation in vivo with multicopy dsd hybrid plasmids. A PLASmid carrying the regulatory gene, dsdC+, did not promote expression of chromosomal dsdCO+A+ loci, nor did a chromosomal dsdC+ gene promote expression of plasmid-borne dsdC delta O+A+ (dsd regulatory gene negative) restriction fragments. However, hybrid plasmids that comprise the entire dsd system (dsdC+O+A+) are highly inducible for the enzyme. These dsd hybrid plasmid deoxyribonucleic acids functioned well as templates in the in vitro coupled transcription-translation system. In vitro-synthesized dsdC+ protein promoted expression of the dsdA+ operation efficiently. Exogenously purified dsdC+ protein also activated expression of several dsdC delta O+A+ plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid templates in vitro. An explanation that reconciles these results with previous dominance studies is presented. PMID- 6989805 TI - Regulation of enzymes of the 3,5-xylenol-degradative pathway in Pseudomonas putida: evidence for a plasmid. AB - Constitutive synthesis of enzymes responsible for methyl group oxidation in 3,5 xylenol degradation and an associated p-cresol methylhydroxylase in Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9869 was shown by their retention at high specific activities in cells transferred from 3,5-xylenol medium to glutamate medium. The specific activities of other enzymes of the 3,5-xylenol pathway declined upon removal of aromatic substrate, consistent with their inducible control. Specific activities of the methyl-oxidizing enzymes showed an eventual decline concomitant with a decrease in the fraction of bacteria capable of growth with 3,5-xylenol; a simultaneous loss of the ability to grow with m-hydroxybenzoate was also observed. The property of 3,5-xylenol utilization could be transferred to another strain of P. putida. It is proposed that enzymes of the 3,5-xylenol pathway and those for conversion of p-cresol to p-hydroxybenzoate are plasmid encoded, that the early methyl-oxidizing enzymes are expressed constitutively, and that the later enzymes are inducible. PMID- 6989804 TI - Interaction of mutagenic spermidine-nitrous acid reaction products with uvr- and recA-dependent repair systems in Salmonella. AB - It has been observed previously that the mutagenic action of nitrous acid may be potentiated by polyamines. We examined the cellular response of two deoxyribonucleic acid repair systems to treatment with spermidine-nitrite reaction products. uvrB- deficient mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 showed enhanced lethal and mutagenic response to the reaction products. Lethal activity was further enhanced in a uvrB recA double mutant, whereas mutagenic activity was not detectable. Dependence of mutagenesis on the recA gene implicates the action of an error-prone repair system in the fixation of a premutagenic lesion as a mutation. From consideration of the substrate characteristics of the two repair systems studied, it is suggested that the deoxyribonucleic acid lesion formed by the reaction products of spermidine and nitrite is an intrastrand cross-link. PMID- 6989807 TI - The recA+ gene product is more important than catalase and superoxide dismutase in protecting Escherichia coli against hydrogen peroxide toxicity. AB - Various deoxyribonucleic acid repair-deficient strains of Escherichia coli K-12 were exposed to hydrogen peroxide under anaerobic conling of the strains was determined. The level of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in cell free extracts of the strains as well as the capacity of intact cells to decompose hydrogen peroxide were assayed, recA strains were more rapidly killed than other strains with deoxyribonucleic acid repair deficiencies. There was no correlation between the killing rate of the strains and the capacity of intact cells to decompose hydrogen peroxide or the level of catalase and superoxide dismutase in cell-free extracts. The level of peroxidase in cell-free extract was too low to be determined. PMID- 6989806 TI - Outer membrane of Escherichia coli: properties of the F sex factor traT protein which is involved in surface exclusion. AB - The traT protein (TraTp) of the F sex factor is the product of one of the two genes involved in surface exclusion. Several detergents were examined under different conditions in order to determine their ability to solubilize TraTp from membrane vesicles. These experiments showed that TraTp behaved similar to a number of peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane proteins and that it existed in multimeric aggregates within the membrane. However, unlike other major outer membrane proteins, the amount of TraTp incorporated into the membrane was not affected by lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutants, even when mutants totally lacking the neutral sugars in their lipopolysaccharide backbone were used. TraTp wqs also examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, where it ran as a discrete spot with a very basic isoelectric point. By coupling cyanogen bromide activated dextran onto whole cells and by labeling whole cells with 125I (via lactoperoxidase), it was shown that TraTp was exposed on the cell surface. TraTp in a membrane environment was also insensitive to proteolytic attack by trypsin. PMID- 6989808 TI - Altered bacteriophage T4 ribonucleic acid metabolism in a ribonuclease II deficient mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - Some early T4 ribonucleic acids were not found in an infected ribonuclease II deficient strain but were formed in ribonuclease II+ transductants as well as in wild-type Escherichia coli. PMID- 6989809 TI - Nitrous acid damage to duplex deoxyribonucleic acid: distinction between deamination of cytosine residues and a novel mutational lesion. AB - The rate of nitrous acid deamination of labeled cytosine residues in native Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid was monitored in vitro by release of acid soluble counts after treatment with uracil deoxyribonucleic acid glycosylase. The reaction exhibited a lag and was not stimulate by several agents previously shown to enhance base substitution mutagenesis during nitrous acid treatment of duplex deoxyribonucleic acid. We conclude that a significant proportion of nitrous acid induced mutagenic lesions are novel lesions and not cytosine deaminations. PMID- 6989810 TI - uhp-directed, glucose 6-phosphate membrane receptor in Escherichia coli. AB - Membrane vesicles were characterized for their ability to specifically bind [14C]glucose 6-phosphate. Membranes prepared from a strain carrying a ColE1 uhp hybrid plasmid showed significantly enhanced glucose 6-phosphate binding. It is hypothesized that glucose 6-phosphate binding to these membranes is due to a uhpR directed, membrane-bound receptor which functions in regulation of the inducible uhpT gene product: the hexose phosphate permease. PMID- 6989812 TI - Hormonal modulation of the casein gene expression in a mammogenesis-lactogenesis culture model of the whole mammary gland of the mouse. PMID- 6989813 TI - Aberrations of the classic codon reading scheme during protein synthesis in vitro. AB - Using a protein synthesizing in vitro system programmed with MS2-RNA, the ability of alanine tRNAs with the anticodons U*GC (U* represents 5-oxyacetic acid uridine monophosphate) and IGC to read the alanine codons in the coat protein cistron of MS2 has been determined both under conditions of no competition, where the alanyl tRNA used was the only aminoacylated tRNAAla present in the system, and in experiments where the two alanyl-tRNAs were competing against each other. Under conditions of no competition, each of the anticodons can read all four alanine codons. However, when the anticodons compete for the codon GCC, the anticodon IGC, which can read all three positions of the codon according to the rules of Watson-Crick base pairing, is considerably more efficient than U*GC, which misreads the codon by reading only the first two positions and presumably disregards the third nucleotide of the codon. The outcome of the competition experiments also reveals two apparent violations of the wobble restrictions: the anticodon U*GC reads the codon GUU almost as effectively as does the anticodon IGC, and IGC is almost as effective as U*GC in reading the codon GCG. PMID- 6989811 TI - Effects of inositol starvation on phospholipid and glycan syntheses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The early biochemical consequences of inositol starvation in an inositol auxotroph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined as a means of determining the cellular role of inositol. Upon withdrawal of inositol, the rate of incorporation of 32P-labeled inorganic phosphate into phosphatidylinositol and into the phosphoinositol-containing sphingolipids immediately dropped by 80 and 50%, respectively; however, synthesis of the other major phospholipids continued for 2 to 3 h at control rates. The incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into cell wall glycans began to decline immediately poststarvation and decreased to 50% of the initial rate by 80 min for mannan and by 140 min for alkali- and acid-insoluble glucan. These changes in the rates of synthesis of cell wall glycan and phosphatidylinositol were the earliest effects of inositol starvation, preceding inhibition of the synthesis of protein and ribonucleic acid as measured by incorporation of radioactive precursors into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble cell material. These results suggest that phosphatidylinositol may play a direct role in the synthesis or secretion of yeast glycans. PMID- 6989814 TI - Influence of "energization" on the binding of M protein with p-nitrophenyl alpha D-galactopyranoside. AB - A specific binding of p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside has been measured by flow dialysis with Escherichia coli ML 308225 membrane vesicles containing the lac carrier protein. The number of binding sites, 0.45 nmol/mg of membrane protein, remains unchanged in the presence or absence of energy. On the other hand, "energization" increases the M protein affinity for p-nitrophenyl alpha-D galactopyranoside. The dissociation constant (Kd) is 4 and 21 microM in the presence and absence, respectively, of D-lactate. The same energization effects are found with E. coli A3245 membrane vesicles. p-Nitrophenyl alpha-D galactopyranoside can be used as a substrate to study energization effect on binding to the lactose permease M protein. These results corroborate observations that energy increases the lac carrier protein affinity for its substrate, and they also confirm the concentration of the M protein, which corresponds to 1.4% of the membrane protein. PMID- 6989815 TI - Amino acid sequence of the sulfate-binding protein from Salmonella typhimurium LT2. AB - The amino acid sequence of the sulfate-binding protein from Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was determined by automated sequenator analysis of whole protein and fragments derived by chemical and enzymatic cleavage of whole protein. The fragments were products of limited trypsin digestion at arginine, cleavage at tryptophan by BrNps-skatole and o-iodosobenzoic acid, digestion with the protease from Staphylococcus aureus V8 at Glu-X bonds, cleavage by hydroxylamine at Asn Gly bonds, and subdigestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and the Staphylococcus protease. The COOH-terminal sequence was confirmed using carboxypeptidase B and amino acid analysis. The sulfate-binding protein was determined to contain a single polypeptide of 310 residues with a molecular weight of 34,667 calculated from the sequence. PMID- 6989816 TI - DNA sequences from the str operon of Escherichia coli. AB - The str operon at 72 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome contains genes for ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) S12 (str or rpsL) and S7 (rpsG) and elongation factors G (fus) and Tu (tufA). The sequence of the entire S12 gene, the S12-S7 intercistronic region, and the beginning of the S7 gene is reported. Also, the sequence of the end of the S7 gene, the S7-G intercistronic region, and the beginning of the elongation fractor G gene is reported. The S12-S7 intercistronic region is 96 base pairs long, in contrast to other intercistronic regions in r protein operons which have been found to vary from 3 to 66 base pairs. The S7-G intercistronic region is only 27 bases long, supporting the previous conclusion that r-protein and elongation factor genes are co-transcribed. A comparison of translation initiation sites of the S12 and S7 genes, and other examples of co transcribed r-protein genes, reveals no obvious features that could account for equimolar synthesis of all r-proteins. The codon usage in the S12 and S7 genes follows the pattern observed in other r-protein genes; that is, there is a highly preferential usage of codons recognized by the most abundant of isoaccepting tRNA species. This pattern could reflect the cell's need for efficient translation or minimal errors, or both, in r-protein synthesis. PMID- 6989817 TI - Purification and characterization of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by a strain of E. coli pathogenic for man. AB - Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin derived from a strain pathogenic for man has been purified 13,000-fold to apparent homogeneity. The purification scheme involved growth in a minimal medium. Amberlite XAD-2 chromatography, acetone fractionation, Sephadex G-25 filtration, DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-25 gel filtration. This scheme resulted in a white flocculent material which was biologically active in 2.7-ng quantities. Heat stable enterotoxin was homogeneous as determined by the following: (a) a single peak on gel filtration; (b) a single band on thin layer chromatography; (c) a single band on thin layer electrophoresis; (d) a single NH2-terminal amino acid residue, asparagine; and (e) an amino acid composition demonstrating a stoichiometric relationship among the amino acids. The molecule is composed of 10 different amino acids, a total of 18 amino acid residues, one-third of which are half-cystine. The molecule contains no detectable carbohydrate. Biological activity is promptly lost on treatment with the reducing reagents, 2 mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol, or after performic acid oxidation, suggesting the presence of disulfide bridges which are required for biological activity. PMID- 6989818 TI - Potential mechanism of insulin action on glucose transport in the isolated rat adipose cell. Apparent translocation of intracellular transport systems to the plasma membrane. PMID- 6989819 TI - Purification of an acrosin-like enzyme from sea urchin sperm. AB - Sea urchin sperm contain an acrosin-like enzyme with an apparent molecular weight of 53,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals two subunits of 34,000 daltons and 18,000 daltons. The Mr = 34,000 subunit is the catalytic entity as revealed both by labeling with [14C]diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate and by proteolytic activity after dissociation of the subunits at pH 2.5. Both the 34,000-dalton and the 53,000-dalton forms of the enzyme catalyze the hydrolysis of N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester and both are inactivated by inhibitors of low molecular weight, whereas only the Mr = 34,000 form is inactivated by large proteinaceous inhibitors. Only the Mr = 34,000 form catalyzes proteolysis of denatured lysozyme or the B chain of insulin. The Mr = 18,000 subunit appears to suppress the proteolytic activity but not the activity toward the small ester substrate. These findings are discussed in terms of possible roles of this enzyme in the control of early events leading to fertilization. PMID- 6989820 TI - The intracellular proteinases and their inhibitors in yeast. A mutant with altered regulation of proteinase A inhibitor activity. AB - A mutation of yeast pai1 has been isolated which leads to altered regulation of proteinase A inhibitor activity. Under conditions of derepression, this mutant as compared with wild type has a 70% reduction in proteinase A inhibitor activity, but no change in the activities of proteinase A or B. The growth of strains carrying the pai1 mutation is sensitive to temperature and pH. The altered physiological and biochemical phenotypes of the mutant appear to be the consequences of a single mutation which segregates 2:2 at meiosis. Results obtained with this mutant indicate that proteinase A and its inhibitor are two independently synthesized polypeptide chains rather than two proteins resulting from proteolytic cleavage of a single precursor. Furthermore, proteinase A and its inhibitor appear to be regulated independently of each other. Studies on the mutant also indicate that the regulation of the proteinase A inhibitor is different from that of the proteinase B inhibitor. In wild type cells there is an excess of proteinase A inhibitor over proteinase A, whereas in the mutant cells there is a 2.5-fold excess of proteinase A over proteinase A inhibitor. This excess proteinase A does not lead to detectable alterations in overall protein degradation. However, tryptophan synthase and proteinase B inhibitor proteins which are sensitive to proteinase A attack in vitro show an enhanced loss of activity in the mutant. PMID- 6989821 TI - Biosynthesis of lysosomal enzymes in fibroblasts. Synthesis as precursors of higher molecular weight. PMID- 6989822 TI - Biosynthesis of lysosomal enzymes in fibroblasts. Phosphorylation of mannose residues. PMID- 6989823 TI - The role of tryptophan in aspartate transcarbamylase. AB - Replacement of 7-azatryptophan for tryptophan in two positions on the catalytic chain of aspartate transcarbamylase results in changes in the enzyme's homotropic and heterotropic interactions although there is no change in the enzyme's specific activity. The extent of azatryptophan incorporation was quantitated by amino acid analysis which showed that 85% of the tryptophan residues had been replaced. The substituted enzyme is activated by ATP and inhibited by CTP to a greater extent than is the native enzyme. The aspartate saturation curve in the presence of ATP is identical for the two enzymes, but the curve in the presence of CTP and without effectors is shifted toward higher aspartate concentrations for the azatryptophan-substituted enzyme. At low aspartate concentrations, the native enzyme is activated to a greater extent by the substrate analog succinate. These data suggest that the substitution renders the low substrate affinity conformational state of the enzyme less catalytically efficient. This interpretation is in agreement with possible side chain interactions observed in the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme. PMID- 6989825 TI - Acyl moieties in phospholipids are the precursors for the fatty acids in murein lipoprotein of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6989824 TI - Q beta replicase containing wild type and mutant tufA and tufB gene. AB - The protein synthesis elongation factor EF-Tu, complexed with EF-Ts, forms part of Q beta RNA replicase. In an effort to determine its function in the RNA synthesis reaction, we have developed procedures which allow us to replace the endogenous EF-Tu in purified Q beta replicase with EF-Tu from a variety of sources. In this communication we report purification of EF-Tu from strains containing (a) a wild type tufA gene only, (b) a kirromycin-resistant mutant tufA gene only, and (c) a kirromycin-resistant mutant tufA gene and a mutant tufB gene which codes for EF-Tu that does not bind ribosomes. When each of these EF-Tu preparations is inserted in Q beta replicase, the wild type tufA gene product and and the tufB gene product function appearently normally, but the kirromycin resistant tufA gene product causes the formation of an altered enzyme. The Q beta replicase containing kirromycin-resistant EF-Tu is unstable; it is rapidly inactivated in the reaction mixture, even at temperatures as low as 20 degrees C. This property results in an apparent increase in template specificity; while wild type Q beta replicase will transcribe poly(C) and other synthetic RNA species, the mutant enzyme will do so only in the presence of Mn2+, which reduces template specificity. The kirromycin-resistant Q beta replicase will also transcribe Q beta RNA. The results imply that EF-Tu is involved in maintenance of enzyme structure, which, in turn, is implicated in template specificity. PMID- 6989826 TI - Degradation of type IV (basement membrane) collagen by a proteinase isolated from human polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules. AB - A serine esterase with potent proteolytic activity against native bovine lens capsule type IV collagen was isolated and purified from extract of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The type IV collagenolytic activity co purified with N-t-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanine nitroanilidase, and was inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and N-acetyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala chloromethyl ketone. In addition, the purified enzyme had elastolytic activity, reacted with a specific antibody to PMN elastase, and, therefore, appeared to be identical with this enzyme. A simple, reproducible assay for the detection of type IV collagenase activity using insoluble bovine anterior lens capsule collagen was defined. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the enzyme released large molecular weight peptides (greater than 30,000) from the insoluble substrate. The enzyme was also active against native, pepsin solubilized type IV collagen; five reaction products could be identified. These data suggest that PMN elastase may be involved in the degradation of basement membrane collagen in physiologic and pathologic states. PMID- 6989827 TI - Specific binding of a chemically synthesized prokaryotic ribosome recognition site. Prospect for molecular cloning and expression of eukaryotic genes. AB - An icosadeoxyribonucleotide containing the several features found in prokaryotic mRNA ribosome binding sites has been synthesized. This sequence can stimulate the binding of initiator fMet-tRNAf to the ribosome to form a stable 71 S initiation complex identical with those induced by natural messengers. The binding of this synthetic ribosome binding site is absolutely dependent upon initiation factor IF3, and the bound fMet-tRNAf is sensitive to puromycin indicating the formation of a functional initiation complex. A heptadecadeoxyribonucleotide, identical with the icosanucleotide but lacking the terminal A-T-G codon, can also stimulate the stable binding of fMet-tRNAf to the ribosome, suggesting that the selection of the proper A-U-G initiation codon by fMet-tRNAf is subsequent to and a result of the recognition and binding of the fMet-tRNAf . 30 S ribosome complex to the initiation site. The prospect of ligating a similar synthetic ribosome binding site in front of a eukaryotic gene for cloning in an appropriate prokaryotic vector to assure the expresion of the protein is discussed. PMID- 6989828 TI - Cation/proton antiport systems in Escherichia coli. Absence of potassium/proton antiporter activity in a pH-sensitive mutant. AB - Alkaline-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli were selected by mutagenesis followed by penicillin killing in medium at pH 8.3. One such strain was found to lack K+/H+ exchange. At neutral pH, the doubling time of the mutant was not significantly different from that of the parent, but at pH 8.3 the doubling time of the mutant increased over 5-fold. No energy-dependent uptake of 204Tl+ was observed in the mutant, but addition of the K+/H+ exchanger Nigericin resulted in identical 204Tl+ uptake in the mutant and parent. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the K+/H+ antiporter is responsible for regulation of cytosolic pH in E. coli. In the absence of antiporter, the organism would be unable to grow at alkaline pH due to alkalinization of the cytosol. PMID- 6989829 TI - The effect of antibodies against Escherichia coli small ribosomal subunit proteins on protein synthesis by rat liver ribosomes. AB - Monovalent Fab fragments from immunoglobulins, directed against Escherichia coli small ribosomal subunit proteins, were tested for their effect on poly(U) directed synthesis of polyphenylalanine by rat liver ribosomes. Of the 18 Fabs tested, 3, anti-S10, anti-S12, and anti-S14, inhibited polyphenylalanine synthesis; antibodies against 3 of the 21 E. coli ribosomal proteins (S1, S16, and S17) were not tested. The others were either without any appreciable effect or, as in the case of anti-S11 and anti-S18, inhibited far less. Antibodies against S12 and S14 (but not against S10) inhibited elongation factor 1-dependent binding of [14C]Phe-tRNA to rat liver 80 S ribosomes. The presumption is that the prokaryotic (E. coli) ribosomal proteins, S10, S12, and S14, possess antigenic determinants also present in eukaryotic (rat liver) ribosomal proteins; the rat liver proteins have not yet been identified. PMID- 6989830 TI - Kinetics of association of serine proteinases with native and oxidized alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. AB - The association rate constants for the interaction of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor, oxidized alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin with several mammalian serine proteinases have been determined. The results indicate that leukocyte elastase reacts more rapidly with alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor than any other proteinase tested, while leukocyte cathepsin G shows the strongest association with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Oxidation of the critical methionine residue of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor reduces the association with leukocyte elastase by a factor of more than 2000 and also lowers the association with all of the other enzymes tested with the exception of chymotrypsin. Significantly, oxidation completely abolishes any interaction of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor with porcine elastase, human plasmin or human thrombin. These data support previous results (Johnson, D., and Travis, J. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 4022-4026) which indicated that oxidation of human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in vivo could reduce the effectiveness of this inhibitor in controlling proteolysis. In the lung, in particular, oxidizing agents of both chemical and biological sources could, indirectly, augment elastolysis in this tissue, resulting in the development of pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 6989831 TI - Characterization of insulin-like actions of anti-insulin receptor antibodies. Effects on insulin binding, insulin degradation, and glycogen synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6989832 TI - The relative rates of protein synthesis and degradation in a growing culture of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6989833 TI - Mechanism of assembly of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Translocation and integration of an incomplete mutant lipid A into the outer membrane. AB - An incomplete precursor of lipid A produced by a mutant of Salmonella typhimurium conditionally defective in synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonate (KDO) (Rick, P.D., and Osborn, M.J. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 4895-4903) is poorly translocated to the outer membranes. Approximately 40% of the lipid A precursor synthesized under nonpermissive conditions was recovered in the isolated inner (cytoplasmic) membrane fraction, and the rate of translocation to outer membrane in pulse-chase experiments was only 20% that of lipopolysaccharide. However, integration of the incomplete molecule into the outer membrane appeared to be similar to that of lipopolysaccharide in stability and irreversibility. The ultimate extent of translocation pulse-labeled precursor was comparable to that of lipopolysaccharide and the process was functionally unidirectional. Little or no reverse translocation from outer to inner membrane was detected during conversion of preformed lipid A precursor to lipopolysaccharide following return to permissive conditions. PMID- 6989834 TI - Biosynthesis of lipid A. In vivo formation of an intermediate containing 3-deoxy D-mannoctulosonate in a mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The incomplete lipid A precursor produced by a mutant conditionally defective in synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-mannoctulosonate (KDO) is rapidly converted to lipopolysaccharide when the mutant culture is shifted from nonpermissive to permissive conditions (Osborn, M.J., Rick, P.D., and Rasmussen, N.S. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 4246-4251). An intermediate product which accumulates transiently during this conversion has been isolated and identified as a derivative of the lipid A precursor containing 2 residues of KDO. The intermediate lacks the saturated O-fatty acyl chains of the completed lipid A and is indistinguishable in composition and chromatographic properties from the previously described product obtained by enzymatic addition of KDO to isolated lipid A precursor (Munson, R.S., Jr., Rasmussen, N.S., and Osborn, M.J. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 1503-1511). The intermediate produced in vivo is rapidly converted to lipopolysaccharide under conditions in which its continued formation is interrupted by return of the culture to nonpermissive temperature. The results provide direct evidence that transfer of KDO to lipid A precedes addition of the saturated fatty acid residues. PMID- 6989835 TI - Biosynthesis of lipid A. Formation of acyl-deficient lipopolysaccharides in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. AB - The effect of cerulenin on conversion of an acyl-deficient precursor of lipid A to lipopolysaccharide was investigated in a mutant of Salmonella typhimurium (PRX22H9) conditionally defective in synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonate (KDO). The precursor lacks both KDO and the saturated O-fatty acyl chains of lipopolysaccharide and contains beta-hydroxymyristate as sole fatty acid. Concentrations of cerulenin which inhibited de novo synthesis of fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide more than 95% had no effect on the rate or extent of conversion of preformed lipid A precursor to a lipopolysaccharide product. The product was identified as a polymer containing the Rc type core polysaccharide of PRX22H9 linked to the acyl-deficient lipid A unit of the precursor. The acyl deficient lipopolysaccharide was translocated to the outer membrane at a normal rate. Lipopolysaccharide deficient in saturated fatty acids was also produced by a fabD mutant of Escherichia coli under conditions of limited endogenous fatty acid synthesis. The results indicate that prior incorporation of the saturated O acyl chains of lipid A is not necessary for extension of the core polysaccharide chain and that synthesis of underacylated lipopolysaccharides occurs under conditions of restricted fatty acid synthesis which permit formation of the beta hydroxymyristate-containing lipid A precursor. PMID- 6989836 TI - Efficient in vitro replication of double-stranded DNA templates by a purified T4 bacteriophage replication system. AB - A wide variety of double-stranded DNA templates are replicated extensively in an in vitro DNA replication system containing the purified proteins specified by seven T4 bacteriophage DNA replication genes (32, 41, 43, 44, 62, 45, and 61). In favorable conditions, this multiprotein system catalyzes the synthesis of several copies of the input DNA template in a 30- to 60-min incubation. The replication forks produced in vitro move in a highly processive fashion, at approximately the in vivo rate of 500 nucleotides per s. The DNA synthesized on the lagging side of the in vitro replication fork is made discontinuously, as it is in vivo, giving rise to "Okazaki pieces" averaging some 10,000 nucleotides in length; in contrast, DNA is polymerized in a continuous manner on the leading side of the in vitro fork. Although the mechanism by which the seven-protein in vitro DNA replication system propagates replication forks closely resembles the in vivo mechanism, it lacks the capacity to remove RNA primers, to reseal Okazaki pieces, and to initiate replication forks at defined DNA origins; supplementation of the system with additional T4-specific replication proteins will be required to facilitate these latter three functions. PMID- 6989837 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from bacteriophage N4 virions. Purification and characterization. AB - A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been purified to homogeneity from bacteriophage N4 virions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-8 M urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme revealed a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 350,000. The hydrodynamic properties of the enzyme have been determined to be 9.5 S for the sedimentation coefficient and 84 A for the Stokes radius. These two parameters indicate a native molecular weight of 320,000. Enzyme activity is dependent on the presence of Mg2+, the four ribonucleoside triphosphates, and denatured N4 DNA. Under these conditions, initiation of RNA synthesis occurs exclusively with pppG. The enzyme is inhibited by monovalent salts and is resistant to the drugs rifampicin and streptolydigin. The protein is present in 1 to 2 copies per virion; its presence provides an explanation for the independence of N4 early RNA synthesis on the activity of the host RNA polymerase. PMID- 6989838 TI - A comparative study of the thermal inactivation of the isolated and associated domains within the beta 2 subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthetase. Evidence for strong interdomain interactions. AB - The irreversible inactivation by heat of the F1 and F2 regions of the beta 2 subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthetase (L-serine hydrolyase (adding indole) EC 4.2.1.20) has been studied. By comparing the kinetics of inactivation of the F1 and F2 fragments, either isolated by proteolysis or associated within the beta 2 protein, it is shown that the F1 fragment is protected considerably against heat inactivation by its interactions with the complementary F2 fragment. An important stabilization of the protein conformation by the coenzyme, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is also observed. By using a hybrid enzyme preparation, it is shown that the stabilization by a single pyridoxal 5'-phosphate molecule of the two protomers within beta 2 is likely to be caused by a strengthening of interdomain interactions upon binding of the coenzyme. These results point to a strong energetic coupling between the two domains of the beta chain. PMID- 6989839 TI - Distribution of chitin in the yeast cell wall. An ultrastructural and chemical study. AB - The distribution of chitin in Saccharomyces cervisiae primary septa and cell walls was studied with three methods: electron microscopy of colloidal gold particles coated either with wheat germ agglutinin or with one of two different chitinases, fluorescence microscopy with fluorescein isothiocyanate derivatives of the same markers, and enzymatic treatments of [14C]glucosamine-labeled cells. The septa were uniformly and heavily labeled with the gold-attached markers, an indication that chitin was evenly distributed throughout. To study the localization of chitin in lateral walls, alkali-extracted cell ghosts were used. Observations by electron and fluorescence microscopy suggest that lectin-binding material is uniformly distributed over the whole cell ghost wall. This material also appears to be chitin, on the basis of the analysis of the products obtained after treatment of 14C-labeled cell ghosts with lytic enzymes. The chitin of lateral walls can be specifically removed by treatment with beta-(1 leads to 6) glucanase containing a slight amount of chitinase. During this incubation approximately 7% of the total radioactivity is solubilized, about the same amount liberated when lateral walls of cell ghosts are completely digested with snail glucanase yield primary septa. It is concluded that the remaining chitin, i.e., greater than 90% of the total, is in the septa. The facilitation of chitin removal from the cell wall by beta-(1 leads to 6)-glucanase indicates a strong association between chitin and beta-(1 leads to 6)-glucan. Covalent linkages between the two polysaccharides were not detected but cannot be excluded. PMID- 6989841 TI - Gel chromatographic separation of insulin analogues in human serum. PMID- 6989840 TI - Localization of calmodulin in rat cerebellum by immunoelectron microscopy. AB - Calmodulin, a multifunctional Ca(++)-binding protein, is present in all eucaryotic cells. We have investigated the distribution of this protein in the rat cerebellum by immunoelectron microscopy using a Fab-peroxidase conjugate technique. In Purkinje and granular cell bodies, calmodulin reaction product was found localized both on free ribosomes and on those attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the nuclear envelope. No calmoduline was observed in the cisternae of RER or the Golgi apparactus. Calmodulin did not appear to be concentrated in the soluble fraction of the cell under the conditions used. Rather, peroxidase reaction product could be seen associated with membranes of the Golgi apparatus the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), and the plasma membrane of both cell bodies and neuronal processes. In the neuronal dendrites, calmodulin appeared to be concentrated on membranes of the SER, small vesicles, and mitochondria. Also, granular calmodulin was observed in the amorphous material. In the synaptic junction, a large amount of calmodulin was seen attached to the inner surface of the postsynaptic membrane, whereas very little was observed in the presynaptic membrane or vesicles. These observations suggest that calmodulin is synthesized on ribosomes and discharged into the cytosol, and that it then becomes associated with a variety of intracellular membranes. Calmodulin also seems to be transported via neuronal processes to the postsynaptic membrane. Calmodulin localization at the postsynaptic membrane suggests that this protein may mediate calcium effects at the synaptic junction and, thus, may play a role in the regulation of neurotransmission. PMID- 6989842 TI - Diabetes in offspring and siblings of juvenile- and maturity-onset-type diabetics. PMID- 6989843 TI - Integrated concentration of epinephrine and norepinephrine in normal subjects and in patients with mild essential hypertension. AB - Since the level of plasma catecholamines fluctuates rapidly during the day, measurement in a single blood sample could be misleading. A portable nonthrombogenic blood withdrawal system, permitting normal activity and sleep, was used for obtaining the 24-h integrated concentration (IC) of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in 46 normal control subjects, 30 patients with mild essential hypertension, and 1 patient with pheochromocytoma. The mean IC of E (ICE) and the mean IC of NE (ICNE) of the control subjects were 31 +/- 15 and 194 +/- 106 pg/ml, respectively (mean +/- 1 SD). The mean ICE and ICNE of the essential hypertensive patients were 30 +/- 21 and 224 +/- 90 pg/ml, respectively. No significant difference could be found between the levels found in essential hypertensive and normal control subjects. The levels of ICE and ICNE in the patient with pheochromocytoma were 1350 and 882 pg/ml, respectively, which are 88 and 6.5 SD above the mean of the normal control subjects. PMID- 6989844 TI - Normal integrated concentration of aldosterone and plasma renin activity: effect of age. AB - The integrated concentration of aldosterone (IC-ALDO) and PRA (IC-PRA) was studied in 78 normal subjects ranging in age from 9--50 yr. Whereas the IC-ALDO to IC-PRA were found to decrease with age, the ratio of IC-ALDO to IC-PRA was not affected by age. A significant lowering of the normal range and variance was achieved by measuring the 24-h integrated concentration instead of the concentration in discrete samples. PMID- 6989845 TI - Plasma catecholamines and cardiovascular responses to hypoglycemia in hyperthyroidism before and during treatment with metoprolol or propranolol. PMID- 6989848 TI - Leukocyte migration test in subacute thyroiditis: hypothetical role of cell mediated immunity. PMID- 6989847 TI - Indomethacin and aspirin prevent the starvation-induced fall in plasma insulin. AB - To investigate whether prostaglandins (PGs) play a role in the regulation of insulin secretion during starvation, we have studied the effects of two inhibitors of PG synthesis, indomethacin (INDO) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), on plasma insulin during a 72-h fast. Five lean males and six obese females were given 200 mg INDO daily throughout a 72-h fast during which plasma glucose was maintained at normal postabsorptive levels by a continuous infusion of glucose. In addition, four obese females were treated with 3 g ASA in a similar protocol. Another six lean males and six obese females served as a control group, receiving only iv glucose during the fast. In both the lean and obese control subjects, a significant decrease in plasma insulin was noted by 72 h (lean, 53 +/- 8% of basal insulin; obese, 69 +/- 6%; P less than 0.02). By contrast, aspirin and INDO administration prevented the decline in plasma insulin in both lean (INDO, 92 +/- 5%) and obese (INDO, 109 +/- 11%; ASA, 111 +/- 17%) subjects. These data suggest that endogenous PG production may be a controlling factor in insulin secretion during starvation. PMID- 6989846 TI - Hypertension associated with hyperparathyroidism is not responsive to angiotensin blockade. AB - Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are frequently hypertensive. Studies were performed to determine whether the hypertension in this disorder could be corrected by saralasin infusion. Five patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and one patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism were salt depleted before saralasin testing by the administration of 1 mg/kg furosemide at 1700 h on the evening before testing. Blood pressure was measured every 2 min by an automatic recording device. Saralasin was given as a continuous iv infusion of 1, 3, 6, and 10 micrograms/kg . min for 30 min. Blood for measurement of PRA was drawn 4 min before, immediately before, and 4, 8, 12, 16, 22, 30, 60, and 90 min after the infusion was begun. Saralasin did not reduce blood pressure in these patients. The mean postsaralasin blood pressure (12--20 min after the start of the infusion) was 155/102 mm Hg compared to the control blood pressure of 156/101 mm Hg (blood pressure at -4 and 0 min). The inability of saralasin to effect a vasodepressor response was unexpected, since the mean PRA before saralasin infusion was elevated at 1895 ng/dl . 3 h (normal range, 409--818 ng/dl . 3 hr; 95% confidence limits). These studies suggest that the hypertension associated with hyperparathyroidism is not renin dependent. PMID- 6989850 TI - Transport and utilization of amino acids and glucose in human monocytes: activation of glucose metabolism by insulin. AB - The influence of insulin on transport and utilization of amino acids and glucose in purified human peripheral blood monocytes has been studied. Insulin had an immediate stimulating effect on the uptake of 3-O-methylglucose and 2 deoxyglucose; the maximal effects were 55% and 47% increases, respectively, during the first 2 min, in which energy-dependent hexose uptake dominates. Later, with advancing free diffusion, values declined to 16% and 25%. After a lag of 30 min, the rise in glucose uptake was followed by a small rise in glucose oxidation, documented by an 18% increase of 14CO2 production from [1-14C]glucose in the presence of hormone. No effect of insulin on sodium dependent alpha aminoisobutyric acid or sodium-independent leucine uptake in monocytes could be found. The incorporation of amino acids into monocyte protein remained unchanged as well. Our results prove that the well documented binding of insulin to human monocytes initiates specific cellular reactions. The increased hexose monophosphate shunt activity may result in increased immune reactivity of the monocyte. PMID- 6989849 TI - Primacy of the renin-angiotensin system in mediating the aldosterone response to sodium restriction. AB - The primacy of angiotensin II as the mediator of the adrenal's response to sodium restriction is controversial. We administered the oral converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (SQ 14225), to test whether reduction of angiotension II generation for 26 h in sodium-restricted subjects would lower plasma aldosterone levels to values observed in subjects on a high sodium intake. Accordingly, plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone levels were measured in nine recumbent normal subjects on high (200 meq) and low (10 meq) sodium intakes and low sodium intake with captopril (12.5--25 mg four times a day for 26 h). Captopril reduced the sodium-restricted angiotensin II levels from 31 +/- 6 to 13 +/- 2 pg/ml, which was indistinguishable from that measured on the high sodium intake (11 +/- 2 pg/ml). Concomitantly, aldosterone levels were reduced from 25 +/- 4 to 7 +/- 1 ng/dl, which was similar to the high sodium value (8 +/- 1 ng/dl). There were no significant changes in serum sodium, cortisol, or potassium at the three sampling times. Thus, the complete suppression of the sodium-restricted levels of both angiotensin II and aldosterone into the high sodium range by captopril provides strong support for the hypothesis that the renin-angiotensin system is the prime mediator of the adrenal's response to sodium restriction. PMID- 6989851 TI - Unchanged arginine-induced stimulation of insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and prolactin after pretreatment with indomethacin in normal man. AB - The arginine-induced release of insulin, glucagon, GH, and PRL was studied in eight normal male volunteers. Pretreatment with indomethacin (150 mg for 3 days) failed to modify the effect of arginine on the release of these hormones. As both indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid are potent inhibitors of the endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, these results indicate that the effect of acetylsalicylic acid on insulin and glucagon secretion, as described by others, seems to be unrelated to the suppression of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6989852 TI - Demonstration of a primary (? genetic) defect in insulin receptors in fibroblasts from a patient with the syndrome of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans type A. AB - We have studied insulin binding to cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient with the Type A syndrome of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. Insulin binding was decreased aobut 50% at low insulin concentrations. This was due to a decrease in receptor affinity and in increase in the rate of dissociation of insulin from the receptor. In addition, there was a loss of negative cooperativity, as measured by the ability of unlabeled insulin to accelerate dissociation. This defect in the receptor was stable for up to 16 passages of the cells. By contrast, binding of epidermal growth factor did not differ from control. These data suggest that the Type A syndrome of insulin resistance is due to a primary, and possibly genetic, defect in the insulin receptor. PMID- 6989854 TI - Screening of bacterial isolates for mannose-specific lectin activity by agglutination of yeasts. AB - A total of 393 clinical bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to agglutinate yeast cells of either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Candida albicans. A positive agglutination of yeasts that could be prevented by methyl alpha-D mannoside was taken as an indication for the possible presence of a mannose specific lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) on the surface of the tested bacteria. Agglutination tests on glass slides showed that 38% of all the isolates tested were positive in their capacity to agglutinate yeasts. Among the various strains tested, all isolates of Serratia marcescens, Proteus morganii, and Citrobacter diversus, as well as 94% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, were positive. On the other hand, only 46% of the Escherichia coli, 48% of the salmonellae, 44% of the Citrobacter freundii, and 71% of the Aeromonas hydrophila isolates were positive. A quantitative determination of the lectin activity done by observing the agglutination of yeasts in microtiter plates showed that S. marcescens isolates were the most avid binders to the yeast, whereas Klebsiella and Citrobacter isolates were the weakest. PMID- 6989853 TI - Different mechanisms for the increased enzymatic activity of renin in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure and patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy. PMID- 6989855 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay for rapid identification of group B Streptococcus types II and III. AB - Streptococci belonging to Lancefield group B are frequently recognized as the etiological agents of sepsis and meningitis in young children. Current methods of identifying these organisms have not been universally accepted because of the time and complexity in performing the studies and a lack of reference antisera. We have developed hybrid myeloma (hybridoma) cell lines which secrete large amounts of antibody against types II and III group B streptococci. Antibodies harvested from supernatants react only with the bacterial strain that was used initially to immunize the animals. We have used the hybridoma antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay and have shown it to be a sensitive and reliable technique for typing group B streptococci. The use of hybridoma antibodies in the enzyme immunoassay may permit early detection of group B streptococcal antigen before cultures are visibly positive. PMID- 6989857 TI - Use of Moore swabs for isolating Vibrio cholerae from sewage. AB - The Moore swab method was shown to be a practical and sensitive technique for the isolation of Vibrio cholerae from sewage. In each of three instances in which cholera patients lived in homes connected to municipal sewers, V. cholerae was isolated from the community sewage plant intake at the time of the patients illness. Sewer systems became negative within 1 day after patients were treated with tetracycline. Sewer surveillance using the Moore swab also found evidence of infections occurring in areas where surveillance of diarrheal illness failed to detect cholera. Culturing community sewage by the Moore swab method proved to be an economical and effective way of determining areas where V. cholerae infections were occurring. PMID- 6989858 TI - Rapid gas-chromatographic method for identification of metabolic products of anaerobic bacteria. AB - The volatile fatty acids, alcohols, nonvolatile fatty acids, and ketones produced by anaerobes can be separated and identified by using a single type of gas chromatographic column. A rapid and simple procedure is described. PMID- 6989856 TI - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in central Canada. AB - During epidemiological studies carried out in urban and rural areas of the midwestern Canadian province of Manitoba, we cultured enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) from 16 (1.7%) of 945 diarrheal stools and 4 (0.3%) of 1,282 normal stools. ETEC was found in not more than 2.3% of diarrheal stools obtained from any population during any season. Diarrhea associated with ETEC persisted for a mean of 9 days. Two children were dehydrated and required intravenous fluid therapy, and one adult suffered a cholera-like syndrome. Half of the children required hospitalization for management of their diarrhea. Two adults and two children who harbored ETEC were completely asymptomatic. The pattern of toxin production correlated with serotype and the serotypes encountered were (with a few exceptions) similar to those found in other areas. We conclude that ETEC is an uncommon cause of diarrhea, both in rural and urban areas of central Canada. However, the possibility that ETEC might cause severe sporadic cases or epidemics of gastroenteritis remains. PMID- 6989859 TI - New invasive Escherichia coli strain. AB - A new invasive Escherichia coli serogroup is described. Its O antigen is identical to the O antigen of Shigella boydii 3. We propose the designation of E. coli Sao Paulo for this serogroup until the situation of its O antigen is settled. PMID- 6989860 TI - Suppression of Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion formation by fetal calf serum in cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells. AB - A batch of fetal calf serum was encountered which suppressed the number of Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions seen when it was used in conjunction with cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells. The batch of serum did not affect the number of inclusions detected in irradiated or untreated McCoy cells. PMID- 6989861 TI - Comparison of rectal swabs and stool cultures for the detection of gastrointestinal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - In a survey of gastrointestinal staphylococcal colonization conducted in hospitalized burned patients, rectal swab cultures yielded Staphylococcus aureus significantly more often (34/65, 52%) than simultaneously collected stool cultures (24/65, 37%; P less than 0.01). PMID- 6989862 TI - The reliability of diagnoses by technician computer, and algorithm. AB - Described a computer-assisted system for intake assessment. Previous evaluation studies are reviewed. Two experiments (N = 30; N = 35) are reported that compared the reliability of a diagnostic procedure that involves technicians, a structured interview schedule, and a computerized diagnostic program with diagnoses made by clinicians. Results show that the computer-assisted technician approach is as reliable as the conventional method. PMID- 6989863 TI - Ultrastructural and immunological findings in Graves' disease with pretibial myxedema. AB - This is a report on a 67-year-old female patient with Graves' disease and extensive pretibial myxedema. Linear IgM deposits were observed in the basement membrane zone by direct immunofluorescence. These deposits were found, by immunoelectron microscopy, to be haphazardly distributed in the uppermost dermis without any correlation to preexisting structures. An amorphous material that coated not only the surface of fibroblasts and collagen bundles but was also present within the dilated endoplasmic reticulum of the fibroblasts was the predominating pathological finding at the ultrastructural level. Mast cells were morphologically normal. These results support previous in vivo and recent in vitro findings indicating that the fibroblast plays a major role in the pathogenesis of pretibial myxedema. PMID- 6989865 TI - Effects of small concentrations of Mucor miehei protease on stability of sterile milk-based dietetic foods. AB - Four commercial sterile milk-based dietetic products were inoculated aseptically with small concentrations of a commericial milk clotting enzyme derived from Mucor miehei and incubated at 30 C for 32 wk. One of the products, Sustacal, exhibited no observable changes in body and texture during storage. Enzyme concentrations of 1 x 10(-4) chymosin units per milliliter or higher induced undesirable changes in the body of the other three products, Enfamil Ready-to Use, Enfamil Concentrate, and Metrecal Shape. None of the products was affected visibly by enzyme concentrations of 1 x 10(-5) chymosin units per milliliter or less. In-can sterilization of Enfamil Ready-to-Use at 126.1 C for 4.5 min and Enfamil Concentrate at 126.7 C for 4.23 min completely destroyed all measurable enzyme activity at concentrations (up to 5.5 x 10(-2) chymosin units per milliliter) in these experiments. However, 1 to 3 h between formulation and sterilization allowed time for the enzyme at concentrations of 1 x 10(-2) chymosin units per milliliter or more to cause coagulation during heat sterilization. PMID- 6989864 TI - Fat in lactation rations: review. AB - Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of added fat in diets to maintain milk production and fat percent. Much of the earlier work which indicated that fat affects digestion negatively may not be applicable because of great differences in the nature of diets and fats fed and especially in total feed intake. Nevertheless, much remains to be learned about interactions of fat, fiber, calcium, and rumen microorganisms if feeding of fat is to be maximized. The uniquely high acidity in the duodenum combined with detergent action of bile acids, lysolecithin, and fatty acids causes saturated fatty acids to be more digestible in ruminants than in nonruminants. Large quantities of added dietary fat increase concentrations in plasma of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride which increases their uptake by the mammary gland with inhibition of short chain fatty acid synthesis and consequent changes in milk fatty acid composition. In some cases, secretion of milk fat is increased. Current research and practice demonstrate that 3 to 5% fat may be added to diets for lactation to increase energy intake of high-producing cows and/or to reduce starch feeding, thereby increasing the ratio of forage to concentrate to prevent depression of milk fat. PMID- 6989866 TI - Mastitis: II. Evaluation of antimicrobial amines for use as teat dips. AB - Recent proposals by the Food and Drug Administration to regulate teat dips as drugs have led to a search for safer teat dip ingredients. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl amines (carbon-10 to -18 chain length) inhibit growth of mastitic bacteria (Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichi coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) in a broth tube culture assay. Since carbon-13 compounds were active, a carbon-13 primary (tridecanamine hydrochloride), secondary methyl (N-methyltridecanamine), secondary ethyl (N ethyltridecanamine), tertiary dimethyl amine (N, N-dimethyltridecanamine), and carbon-12 quaternary amine (N, N, -trimethyldodecaneammonium chloride) were tested for their ability to reduce experimentally applied populations of S. agalactiae or E. coli on the bovine teat surface. The five compounds were compared at concentrations of 100, 500, 1,000, 3,000, 7,000, and 10,000 ppm. Activity was greater against the gram-positive S. agalactiae than against the gram-negative E. coli. The tertiary amine was most active, producing a log reduction of 4 (reduction of bacterial number from 10(6) to 10(2)) at a concentration of 3,000 ppm in the teat dip. The relative order of effectiveness for the amines was: dimethyl tertiary greater than methyl secondary greater than ethyl secondary greater than primary = quaternary. The results suggest that these amines may be useful as potent, effective antibacterial agents for incorporation into teat dips. PMID- 6989867 TI - Application of mutagenicity test for milk. AB - Mutagenic activity in milk and milk products was tested by the Salmonella mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test (Ames test). Salmonella mutants susceptible to base-pair substitution and frame-shift mutagens gave positive results with heat-sterilized milk, particularly after activation by the S-9 fraction of microsomes. Maximum increase of His+ revertants was more than twice the spontaneous increase. The chemical specification of the mutagenic activity was not yet defined, but it was present in the chloroform extract of milk. PMID- 6989868 TI - Stress analysis of mandibular partial dentures with bounded and free-end saddles. PMID- 6989869 TI - Denture adhesives: a side effect. PMID- 6989871 TI - Restoration of hypoplastic teeth--a simplified acid etch technique. PMID- 6989870 TI - Dental materials: 1977 literature review. Part II. PMID- 6989873 TI - Stability of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetic solutions exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. PMID- 6989872 TI - An explanation for the water distribution in a hygroscopic expansion technique. AB - The water distribution in a controlled water addition technique was investigated using a Liquid Scintillation Counter. The mix water arrangement varied in different sections of the investment mass. The water distribution seemed to be the result of the influence of added water and a sprue base. PMID- 6989875 TI - Regent Robert A. Cupples. PMID- 6989874 TI - Storage at body temperature alters concentration of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics. PMID- 6989876 TI - Changes which affect the future of dentistry. PMID- 6989879 TI - Vasculitis in chronic urticaria. PMID- 6989878 TI - Cell-directed inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in a patient with mucocutaneous candidiasis. AB - A patient with mucocutaneous candidiasis and impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis is described. The patient's PMN chemotaxis was markedly decreased in the presence of autologous plasma but normal in control plasma. Cell directed inhibitory activity was found in whole patient plasma as well as the 40% ammonium sulfate precipitate fraction of both the patient's and the control plasma. The inhibitor was heat stable, reversible, nondialyzable, eluted from DEAE cellulose with 0.005 M sodium phosphate buffer, and migrated with IgG on immunoelectrophoresis. The supernate from 40% ammonium sulfate-fractionated patient and control plasma contained a cell-directed enhancer of PMN chemotaxis that antagonized the cell-directed inhibitor activity. It is possible that the patient's chemotactic defect may be caused by imbalance between plasma factors that regulate chemotaxis. PMID- 6989880 TI - Performance of adhesives for rotating-arm impactors. AB - Particle collections by paired rotoslide surfaces coated differentially with either of two silicone greases, white petrolatum or Lubriseal, were compared in two series of studies. Three samplers were employed, and adhesives were assigned randomly to the six available positions. Recovery differences were small but occasionally significant, with counts generally highest for silicone grease and lower with Lubriseal. During natural and simulated rainfall relative performances were similar, although differences were accentuated. PMID- 6989877 TI - Lymphocyte function in relapsed pulmonary blastomycosis. AB - Lymphocyte function was studied in two patients with multiple relapses of pulmonary blastomycosis following antifungal therapy. Neither patient was anergic to routine delayed hypersensitivity skin testing with common antigens. Both had normal in vitro lymphocyte transformation responses to standard mitogens and common microbial antigens. The ability of lymphocytes from the two patients to respond to antigens of the infecting organism was evaluated using a yeast phase Blastomyces dermatitidis extract in tests of in vitro lymphocyte function. Both patients demonstrated positive responses to this extract in standard assays of two in vitro parameters of lymphocyte function, lymphocyte transformation, and lymphokine production. Therefore if an immunologic defect is responsible for the repeated relapses of treated pulmonary blastomycosis in these two patients, it apparently is not one of deficient lymphocyte responsiveness against the infecting organism, as has been found using similar techniques in patients with disseminated deep infections caused by other fungal organisms. PMID- 6989882 TI - Trends in eye care. PMID- 6989881 TI - Serum glucagon after arginine infusion in aged and young subjects. AB - In 12 aged nondiabetic subjects, 10 aged diabetic subjects, and 6 young nondiabetic subjects the glucose, insulin, glucagon and growth hormone responses to the intravenous administration of arginine were studied. A prompt increase in the levels of blood glucose, serum insulin and serum glucagon was observed, but the glucose and glucagon peaks were significantly higher in the aged nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. Growth hormone secretion did not differ between the nondiabetic aged and young subjects. These findings suggest the hypothesis that glucose intolerance in old age is due to increased release of glucagon. PMID- 6989884 TI - Spina bifida and its effect on the lower extremities. PMID- 6989885 TI - [Cicatricial ectropion and lamellar icthyosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the surgical procedure employed in a case of bilateral cicatricial ectropion (superior and inferior), occurring during the course of a lamellar icthyosis. Total skin homografts should be applied before the appearance of severe corneal lesions on both eyelids, inferior and then superior. Two factors have to be emphasized: the apparent appearance of rejection of the grafts when the first dressings are made, and the progressive retraction of the homografts which requires repeated graft applications. PMID- 6989883 TI - Giant papillary conjunctivitis--a closer look. AB - Giant papillary conjunctivitis is a clinical entity which is thought to be caused by a combination of mechanical, immunological and inflammatory mechanisms. This paper reviews the laboratory research data associated with giant papillary conjunctivitis. PMID- 6989886 TI - [Orbital immunoblastosarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - The new classifications adopted for lymphoid tumors now include a particular type of proliferative process: immunoblastosarcoma. This tumor is not a rare occurrence in the orbit, as shown by the two cases reported, and possesses sufficiently specific clinical and histologicas characteristics to justify its appearance in a separate class. The cytological and histological characteristics of the immunoblasts from which it develops are described. Tumors of this type were previously mostly included in the group of reticulosarcomas, now become obsolete because of poorly defined characteristics of the reticular cell. The prognosis is poor in spite of the chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic treatments proposed. PMID- 6989888 TI - Factors altering the secretion of LHRH from superfused fragments of rat hypothalamus. AB - This paper deals with the effect of temperature (t degrees), ions, prostaglandin (PGE2) and testosterone on the rate of release of LHRH from the superfused medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of normal or castrated male rats in an effort to further validate the biological properties of this preparation. LHRH in the perfusate is nondetectable when the MBH is at 0 C, warming to 37 C produces a sharp rise in LHRH and then stabilization at a level at least threefold the one calculated for the 0 C experiment. Basal release rate of LHRH is t degrees and calcium dependent, as is the stimulatory action of potassium. Infusion of high K+ induces approximately a fivefold increase in the release rate of LHRH and stays at this high level for as long as the infusion lasts (50 min). LHRH stimulation by PGE2 (pulse) proceeds in the absence of external calcium, and the effect lasts longer than the potassium (pulse) action. Surprisingly, MBHs from long-ter castrated males (60-90 days) release less LHRH per minute than intact male MBHs during the steady state phase of LHRH secretion; testosterone propionate (TP, 200 microgram/100 g BW x 3 days) increases significantly the rate of release in castrate rats and is not related to the amount of LHRH assayed in the MBH. MBHs of untreated castrated rats or castrated rats treated with TP, show a reduced LHRH secretion in response to PGE2. It is concluded that this preparation can be used at advantage to study the rate of LHRH release in a variety of experimental paradigms. PMID- 6989887 TI - Plasma C-peptide response to arginine in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. AB - Plasma C-peptide concentrations have been determined in the basal state and in response to intravenous arginine in 10 insulin-dependent diabetics. Five patients had fasting C-peptide levels above 0.08 pmol/ml and responded to the arginine infusion with a rise in C-peptide levels of more than 0.2 pmol/ml (responsive diabetics). The remaining 5 patients had fasting C-peptide below 0.03 pmol/ml and showed no C-peptide response to arginine (nonresponsive diabetics). Fasting blood glucose and the rise in blood glucose in response to arginine were higher in non responsive than in responsive diabetics. The magnitude of blood glucose rise in response to arginine was inversely correlated with increments in plasma C peptide. In addition, the fasting levels of FFA and 3-hydroxybutyrate were significantly lower in C-peptide responsive than in nonresponsive patients. These data give further support to the concept that measurements of fasting plasma C peptide permit to distinguish secretors from nonsecretors, and demonstrate that residual beta-cell function is associated with a lesser degree of aminoacid induced hyperglycemia. PMID- 6989889 TI - Antibody-dependent killer-cell function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Antibody-dependent killer-cell activity (ADCC) was determined in 36 insulin dependent diabetics (IDD) and 32 controls. The medians of cytotoxic indices obtained by using either antibody coated chicken red blood or HeLa cells as targets were statistically significantly reduced in the diabetics (P less than 0.05 for both systems). However, due to the wide range and considerable overlap of the cytotoxic indices observed in patients and controls, the biological significance of these mathematical differences remains to be determined. The duration of the disease did not have any influence on killer (K) cell function and only a slight tendency for decreased ADCC during episodes of poor metabolic control was noted. Further analysis of the influence of diabetes-associated factors did not reveal any definite correlation between the functional K cell deficit, the insulin dosage administered, the insulin antibody titers, the blood glucose at the time of sampling, the 24 hour glucosuria and IDD-associated immunogenetic factors. PMID- 6989890 TI - Insulin receptor binding and degradation in IM-9 cultured human lymphocytes - importance of extracellular degradation. AB - Insulin degradation in IM-9 cultured human lymphocytes occurs extracellularly. In the presence of 0.1% bovine serum albumin, insulin degradation products are formed that are soluble in 5% trichloroacetic acid. In the presence of 5% bovine serum albumin, the major products of insulin degradation are insoluble in 5% trichloroacetic acid and have little or no biological activity. Inhibition of binding with Concanavalin A or antireceptor antibody does not affect the rate of insulin degradation. PMID- 6989892 TI - The shortage of nursing home beds. PMID- 6989893 TI - Suicide and the Victorian physicians. AB - From 1830 to 1900, medical opinion of suicide underwent significant changes in Britain. During the 1830s and 1840s physicians, like most of the populace, saw suicide as a legal and moral question. However, major changes in the suicide law had called for increased medical testimony in questions of "temporary insanity" in suicide, and alienists were forced to refine their thinking about what was still termed "self-murder." By the 1850s and 1860s such refinement continued, with emphasis falling on categorization and physiology, while the 1870s and 1880s saw far more attention paid to social factors determining suicide. Statistics became more reliable, and, increasingly, prevention and compassion were urged by a number of prominent practitioners. By the end of the century, earlier attitudes, particularly as to the criminal implications of suicide, were reviewed and mainly discarded. Emphasis was now on diagnosis and on the social significance of suicide. PMID- 6989891 TI - Hormonal derangements in uremia. PMID- 6989894 TI - Ralph Dougall Lillie. 1896--1979. PMID- 6989895 TI - Fluorescent staining of microfilaments with heavy meromyosin labeled with N-(7 dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl) maleimide. AB - For fluorescent staining of microfilaments in cells, heavy meromyosin (HMM) or subfragment-1 (S-1) was labeled with a novel thiol-directed fluorescent dye, N-(7 dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl) maleimide (DACM), instead of the usual dyes, such as fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC). DACM-labeled HMM or S-1 gave characteristic fluorescence patterns to a variety of cell types similar to those reported with the use of FITC-labeled HMM or S-1 or with immunofluorescence techniques using anti-actin antibody. The fluorescence of DACM was fairly photoresistant as compared with FITC, so that HMM or S-1 required only 1 mol of the dye per myosin head. Consequently, F-actin need not be used to preserve the actin binding activity of the myosin fragments when labeling with the dye. PMID- 6989896 TI - Light microscopic, immunohistochemical localization of the pia-glial basal lamina. AB - The current histologic methods for studying the pia-glial basal lamina (BL) are inappropriate for high contrast, permanent light microscopy preparation. We have developed a staining technique for epithelial BL which is highly specific, extremely sensitive, permanent, relatively inexpensive, and suitable for light or electron microscopy (EM). Central nervous system (CNS) basement membrane zone (BMZ) antigens were isolated by the technique of Meezan (1975) from female albino Wistar rats. Using this CNS BMZ preparation as an antigenic source, a hyperimmune rabbit serum was developed. This serum was exhaustively adsorbed with rat splenic pulp to remove undesirable antibodies to endothelial BL and collagen. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase indirect antibody technique was used to test the staining specificity of this splenic adsorbed serum on different tissues containing BLs of known origin and/or function. The results indicated that this BL staining technique was specific for epithelial BL of the rat and of some other species. PMID- 6989897 TI - Workshop on extrahypothalamic and hypophyseal neuropeptide sites and pathways. Introduction. PMID- 6989898 TI - Workshop on extrahypothalamic and hypophyseal neuropeptide sites and pathways. PMID- 6989900 TI - Improved visualization of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone pathways by immunocytochemical staining of thick vibratome sections. AB - Using 100-micron thick Vibratome sections and a modification of the peroxidase- antiperoxidase method of immunocytochemical staining we achieve a Golgi-like image of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) cells and fibers in mouse brain. Five LHRH pathways are described: 1) A dense projection of fibers from LHRH cells in the medial preoptic and septal areas to the wall of the third ventricle; 2) a projection of fibers from neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the nucleus of the anterior commissure to the subfornical organ; 3) projections of fibers from neurons in the medial septal nucleus and the diagonal band of Broca to the olfactory bulb; 4) fibers which travel within or just lateral to the wall of the third ventricle from the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis to the median eminence; 5) cells and fibers located just dorsal to the optic tracts which project rostrally to the preoptic area and caudally to the level of the median eminence where they course medially to converge and enter the median eminence. PMID- 6989899 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of vasopressin and oxytocin in the rat brain by light and electron microscopy. AB - Vasopressin and oxytocin were demonstrated by means of the unlabeled antibody enzyme method in the rat central nervous system. Vasopressin and oxytocin fibers of the magnocellular nuclei were found to run towards the amygdala, hippocampus, and spinal cord. From the parvocellular suprachiasmatic nucleus only vasopressin containing fibers were found to run towards the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis, lateral septum, and lateral habenular nucleus. Immunoelectron microscopy, using the preembedding staining technique, frequently demonstrated vasopressin-containing synapses on neuronal structures in the lateral septum, lateral habenular nucleus, and amygdala. These results suggest a putative neurotransmitter role for these neuropeptides. PMID- 6989901 TI - Diet (gluten) and schizophrenia. AB - Four aspects of clinical evidence for an association between gluten and schizophrenia are examined. The scientific evidence for the role of gluten is set out. Finally, reference is made to other dietary approaches. PMID- 6989902 TI - The pre-school child: diet, growth and obesity. AB - In this review the question of obesity in the pre-school child has been examined in three areas of interest: first, the extent of our knowledge of food intake and its relationship to growth in the young child; secondly, the difficulties in defining obesity on a practical level in this group, and thirdly the constraints in the examination of energy balance because of the limitations of techniques available for this type of work. The conclusion is that studies are needed to analyse factors regulating energy balance, and thereby explain why, in the very young child, there is an individual difference in the utilization of energy for growth, activity and basal processes. PMID- 6989903 TI - Qualitative and quantitative changes in the antibody producing cell response to lipopolysaccharide induced after incorporation of the antigen into bacterial membrane phospholipid vesicles. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Proteus mirabilis and administered to mice i.p. induced a primary immune response that consisted of the proliferation of only IgM antibody-producing cells. The response to a second stimulus 14 days later was also predominantly IgM, although a smaller number of IgG-producing cells was detected. The strength of the responses depended upon the dosage of LPS administered. When mice received a primary injection of the same amount of LPS incorporated into P. mirabilis phospholipid vesicles, the number of IgM-producing cells was significantly increased over that induced by LPS alone. In addition, IgG-producing cells appeared on day 5 and increased during the time course measured up to day 14. After a booster injection of the same amount of LPS phospholipid vesicles on day 14, the numbers of IgM-producing cells increased approximately 3-fold and the numbers of IgG-producing cells approximately 16-fold over those of mice given LPS alone. These results demonstrate a pronounced adjuvant effect of bacterial membrane phospholipids that are able to alter not only the strength but also the type of response to LPS. PMID- 6989904 TI - Specific enhancement of immune responses by BCG: isolation of extracellular DNA from supernatants of specifically stimulated BCG-primed lymphoid cells. AB - When lymphocytes obtained from W/Fu rats primed with BCG are cultured in the presence of PPD, they elaborate a factor that is capable of potentiating the specific in vitro generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes to syngeneic (C58NT)D lymphoma cells and to BN alloantigen. Purification of the factor, achieved by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, was facilitated by using a serum-free culture condition and the removal of the specific stimulating antigen, PPD, after an initial incubation period. The factor isolated contains DNA by its absorption spectrum, resistance to trypsin and RNase, but complete susceptibility to DNAase, and by the presence of ethidium bromide-positive material in the purified sample. It displays a 260/280 nm absorption ratio of 1.6 and a m.w. estimate of 10,000 to 30,000. Electrophoresis of the purified factor on agarose gel yielded three ethidium bromide reactive bands. Data obtained following the slicing and elution of these bands, and then testing for potentiating activity indicated that two of the three bands contained potentiating activity. PMID- 6989905 TI - Relationship between carcinoembryonic antigen and major histocompatibility antigens on cultured human carcinoma cells. PMID- 6989906 TI - Production and characterization of supernatants with high titers of human leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF). PMID- 6989907 TI - Human leukemia-associated antigen: relation to a family of surface glycoproteins. AB - A heteroantiserum raised to leukemic cells of a patient with non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been extensively absorbed with cells from a leukemic T cell line and an autologous B lymphoblastoid cell line to produce a common ALL antiserum (CALLA). CALLA is specific for leukemic cells of most patients with non-T cell ALL and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in lymphoid blast crisis. It has been extensively tested on a wide variety of normal cells and is unreactive with them. CALLA identifies a surface glycoprotein having a m.w. of approximately 100,000 on reactive cell populations. In contrast, partially absorbed anti-ALL sera detect a similar glycoprotein band on CALLA negative B and T cell lines. The glycoprotein identified by CALLA has been isolated and used as an immunogen. This new antiserum (C129) detects a 100,000 dalton glycoprotein not only on CALLA-positive cell populations but also on most CALLA-negative normal and malignant hematopoietic cells and on B and T cell lines. We conclude that there exists a family of 100,000-dalton glycoproteins that are present on a variety of normal, transformed, and malignant cells and that possess shared as well as unique antigenic regions. The expression of at least one of these antigens, detected by CALLA, may be tumor specific. PMID- 6989909 TI - Interaction between Schistosoma mansoni and the complement system: binding of C1q to schistosomula. AB - In earlier studies we have found that activation of the classical complement pathway (CCP) by the immature schistosomes involves the presence of IgG. By investigating the first step of this activation we have demonstrated in the present work that binding of C1q to schistosomula can occur by two different routes: 1) directly, by specific C1q receptors, and 2) indirectly through the IgG previously attached to Fc receptors present on the parasite surface. Only this second mechanism appears to be involved in CCP activation by schistosomula. Moreover, certain low m.w. schistosome antigens (less than 20,000), which activate CCP, also directly fixed C1q. In this case, IgG are not required for C activation. The presence of receptors for host protein, essentially in 2- to 3-hr old schistosomula, i.e., the life stage of Schistosoma mansoni that are first in contact with the host, could be the first mechanism by which the schistosomes evade the immune attack. PMID- 6989908 TI - Identification of a major serum DNA-binding protein as factor B of the alternative complement pathway. AB - One of the major proteins in human serum capable of binding DNA has been shown to be factor B of the alternative pathway of complement activation. This protein, designated DNA-binding protein-2 (DBP-2), is recognized by antisera directed against both factor B and its activated form, fragment Bb. Its m.w., charge microheterogeneity, and amino acid composition correspond closely with reported values for those properties of factor B. A radioimmunoassay was used to estimate the serum concentration of DBP-2 at 266 +/- 83 microgram/ml, which also corresponds with the level of factor B normally present in the serum. DBP-2 functions as factor B in the activation of factor B-depleted serum. Limited proteolytic treatment of DBP-2 produced a fragment pattern resembling that of factor B both in the m.w. of the fragments and their electrophoretic mobilities. By means of DNA affinity chromatography of the fragments produced by trypsinization, the DNA-binding domain of DBP-2 was localized. PMID- 6989910 TI - Collagen-induced polyarthritis in rats: a study of native type II collagen for adjuvant activity. AB - Collagen-induced polyarthritis in rats is a new experimental model that shares clinical and histologic features with adjuvant arthritis. To determine whether collagen-induced arthritis is a form of adjuvant disease and to further exclude contamination of collagen with an adjuvant substance, native type II collagen was studied for adjuvant properties. IgM and IgG PFC activity and PBMC [3H]TdR incorporation were studied in rats after injection with TNP-OA combined with IFA, IFA and CII, or CFA. In general, humoral and CMI responses to TNP-OA were lower in rats injected with IFA/CII compared with those with IFA; the presence of CII during primary immunization failed to significantly enhance PFC activity to TNP after a boost. CFA-injected rats gave maximal values in both studies. Mice pretreated with BII in the absence of oil gave PFC responses below control after sensitization with SRC. Furthermore, CII was unable to replace mycobacteria in the induction of EAE in rats and was devoid of mitogenic or polyclonal stimulatory properties. It is concluded that collagen-induced arthritis is a distinct entity from adjuvant arthritis and is dependent upon the unique immunogenicity of type II collagen in rats rather than upon an adjuvant effect. PMID- 6989911 TI - In vitro growth of cytotoxic human lymphocytes. II. Use of T cell growth factor (TCGF) to clone human T cells. AB - Soft agar and limiting dilution techniques utilizing human T cell growth factor (TCGF) have been developed to clone human lymphoid cells with high cloning efficiency. TCGF has been used for the continued growth and expansion of lymphoid populations derived from single T cells, and the cytotoxic specificity of individual clones has been repeatedly examined. An analysis of clones derived from human lymphocytes sensitized to allogeneic determinants in vitro reveals significant polymorphism in lytic recognition when tested against HLA typed targets. This pattern of reactivity remained constant over the 2 months of continuous culture. These methods should be capable of dissecting and analyzing the fine specificity of the T cell response. PMID- 6989912 TI - Normal mouse serum less than optimal for cultures. PMID- 6989913 TI - The selective adherence of lymphoblasts to antigenic cell monolayers. A method for determining the specificity of lymphocytes proliferating in response to histocompatibility antigens. AB - The specificity and intensity of the immune response of rat lymph nodes draining a skin allograft were examined by exploiting a monolayer of donor-type thoracic duct lymphocytes as an immunoabsorbent. Stable monolayers were produced by attaching lymphocytes from different strains of rat to Petri dishes pretreated with poly-L-lysine. The responding lymph node cells were labelled in vitro with [3H]Thymidine, incubated on the monolayer and mechanically separated into non adherent and adherent fractions. The radioactivity associated with the adherent fraction was 7--8 times greater when the monolayer displayed the immunizing major histocompatibility antigens than when syngeneic or 'third party' monolayers were used. The non-specific adherence to syngeneic monolayers was low and consistent. Immunization to minor histocompatibility antigens may also be studied by this method. PMID- 6989915 TI - Preparation of an R3 reagent (serum depleted of the third component of human complement (C3)) by immunoadsorption. Application to the hemolytic assay of human C3. AB - We have devised a simple one-step preparation of C3 depleted serum (R3). Fresh normal human serum, with complement activation inhibitors, was depleted of C3 by affinity chromatography on a Sepharose anti-C3c. To prevent non-specific interactions, a high ionic strength buffer containing saccharose was used. Immunochemical analysis and complement activity assays demonstrate that this C3 depleted serum is a suitable R3 reagent. This R3 reagent has been used successfully for titration of hemolytic activity of C3 in normal and abnormal sera. Two simple, specific and sensitive assays are described. PMID- 6989914 TI - Measurement of mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes with a glucose consumption test. AB - The increase of glycolysis in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes was used to quantify lymphoblast transformation. Results correlated well with those by common methods, i.e. morphological evaluation and [3H]thymidine incorporation. The advantage of the glucose consumption test is that it registers the entire event of lymphocyte proliferation whereas other methods evaluate only viable transformed cells at the end of culture. PMID- 6989916 TI - An automatic continuous flow method for the determination of antipolyamine antibodies in human sera. AB - Latex particles with covalently bound polyamines were used to detect antipolyamine antibodies in human sera in manual and automated nephelometric assays. There was good correlation between the two assays though in the former aggregate size was measured after 24 h incubation whereas in the latter monomer loss was determined after 1 h. PMID- 6989917 TI - An automatic optical method for detection of rat lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - A flow cytophotometry method has been evaluated for the enumeration of rat lymphocyte subpopulations in lymph and lymph nodes. The cells were prepared by incubating them with complement and anti-Ig or anti-T antiserum, followed by trypan blue staining. Cytophotometry was used for automatic registration of dead and viable cells. Parallel viability counts were done in a microscope. In addition the cytotoxic activity of the anti-Ig antiserum was compared with its surface binding capacity in a direct immunofluorescence assay. Correlation was found between the automatic and microscopical registrations. PMID- 6989919 TI - A 48-well micro chemotaxis assembly for rapid and accurate measurement of leukocyte migration. AB - We designed a 48-well chemotaxis chamber to minimize manipulation time and amount of material required by the larger blindwell or Boyden chemotaxis chamber. Cell and chemoattractant dose-response curves showed that results were comparable to our better than those obtained with blindwell chambers. The volume of chemoattractant per well is 25 microliter; the number of cells can be as low as 10,000. The time needed for setting up this multiwell unit and for staining the membrane filter sheet is negligible. Combined with the use of an image analyzer to count the number of migrated cells, the method is suitable for clinical research on the functional state of monocytes in large groups of patients. PMID- 6989918 TI - A microsystem to evaluate the synthesis of [3H]leucine labeled proteins by macrophages. AB - A method is described for evaluating protein synthesis by adherent M phi by measuring the incorporation of [3H]leucine into TCA precipitable material. By using guanidine-HCl it was possible to remove completely the radiolabeled proteins from the adherent cells that were cultured in microwells, and retain TCA precipitable material. This procedure enabled us to harvest the TCA precipitable proteins with a semiautomatic cell harvester. The guanidine-HCl treatment did not affect the recovery of the radioactive proteins and did not alter the sensitivity of the assay. This method is very simple and rapid and, since it is suitable for processing microcultures, permits detailed studies on the biology of small numbers of M phi. PMID- 6989920 TI - A microplate adaptation of the solid-phase C1q immune complex assay. PMID- 6989921 TI - Demonstration of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in a murine system using myelomonocytic leukemia cells (WEHI-3). AB - Cells of the myelomonocytic tumor cell line, WEHI-3, were used as indicator cells in the indirect capillary test for the detection of migration inhibitory factor (MIF). A migration inhibition of about 50% was found and the results were highly reproducible. The indicator cells can be obtained in large quantities, as the myelomonocytic cells grow as an ascitic tumor in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice. PMID- 6989922 TI - IUIS standardization. PMID- 6989923 TI - Eighty years of Ehrlich's side-chain theory. PMID- 6989924 TI - Quantitative evidence of intestinal colonization by Clostridium botulinum in four cases of infant botulism. AB - Infant botulism is an infectious form of a disease heretofore principally known as food-borne intoxication. Previous epidemiologic and laboratory studies have shown that infant botulism results from the ingestion of spores of Clostridium botulinum that subsequently germinate in the infant intestine and produce botulinal toxin. A quantitative study of the fecal microflora of four infants with infant botulism revealed the presence of C. botulinum in numbers as high as 6.0 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu)/g. At various times after the onset of illness, the numbers of C. botulinum that were recovered from feces ranged from 10(3) to 10(8) cfu/g and constituted from 0.01% to 3.3% of the total fecal flora. It was concluded that the large numbers of C. botulinum found in patients' feces could occur only as a consequence of in vivo spore germination and outgrowth. PMID- 6989925 TI - Specific proteolysis of human IgA by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are among the most common bacterial pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections in otherwise healthy humans. Thirty-six strains of S. pneumoniae, 62 strains of H. influenzae, six hospital-acquired respiratory pathogens, and a strain of Streptococcus pyogenes were examined for production of IgA protease, a bacterial enzyme whose only known substrate is human IgA1. IgA protease was produced by 100% of the isolates of S. pneumoniae and 98% of the isolates of H. influenzae. The enzyme from both species cleaved human serum and secretory IgA1 proteins, but not human IgA2, IgG, or human serum albumin. None of the hospital-acquired pathogens had detectable IgA protease activity, a finding indicating that the production of this enzyme distinguishes S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from the opporunistic respiratory pathogens. PMID- 6989926 TI - Characteristics of the binding of streptococcal lipoteichoic acid to human oral epithelial cells. AB - Membrane receptors for lipoteichoic acid (LTA) may be involved in the adherence of streptococci to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Since streptococcal binding to oral epithelial cells has been shown to be low at birth with a gradual increase to adult levels within three days, the characteristics of the binding of radiolabeled LTA to epithelial cells were investigated. LTA binding to epithelial cells from both infants and adults was time- and cell concentration-dependent. Binding was reversible in the presence of a 50-fold excess of unlabeled LTA. The number of LTA-binding sites in infant cells was only one-half that of adult cells; the amount of LTA bound increased to adult levels within three days of birth and paralleled an increase in the ability of these cells to bind streptococci. Thus, oral epithelial cells may possess specific binding sites for LTA, and a critical number or arrangement of LTA-binding sites may be required for the optimal binding of streptococci. PMID- 6989927 TI - Adherence of influenza A viruses to group B Streptococci. AB - Previous studies have revealed a similarity between hemadsorption and bacterial adherence to virus-infected cells. This observation led to the question of whether mature virions can interact directly with bacteria in a manner similar to hemagglutination. Thus, hemagglutination inhibition, direct immunofluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy were used to detect adherence of five prototype strains of influenza A virus to 34 strains (five serologic prototypes and 29 isolates from ill infants) of group B Streptococcus. Group B Streptococcus serotypes Ia, Ic, and III appear to possess receptors for the five influenza strains that are sensitive to receptor-destroying enzyme. The results of adherence tests with Streptococcus serotype Ib depended on which bacterial strain was used. Only one virus prototype, Jap/305/57(H2N2), adhered to all of the 34 strains of Streptococcus tested. PMID- 6989928 TI - Comparison of assays for antibody to group B Streptococcus, type III. PMID- 6989929 TI - Transmission of the hepatitis B virus-associated delta antigen to chimpanzees. AB - Inoculation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive sera from patients with chronic liver disease and intrahepatic delta (delta) into chimpanzees susceptible to infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) resulted in type B hepatitis and delta markers (delta antigen and antibody to delta) in recipient animals. A dilution (10(-8)) of serum induced type B hepatitis without delta markers in another HBV-susceptible animal. HBV infection and delta markers did not develop in animals with preexisting titers of antibody of HBsAg. In chimpanzees with circulating HBsAg at the time of inoculation, synthesis of delta occurred earlier and its extent and duration were greater than in animals previously unexposed to HBV; coincident with synthesis of delta, hepatitis occurred in chronic HBsAg carriers, and synthesis of preexisting HBV gene products (HBsAg and hepatitis B core antigen) was diminished. Delta appears to be a marker of a transmissible pathogenic agent, either an HBV variant or another agent that requires the helper functions of HBV, that is defective and interferes with HBV replication. PMID- 6989930 TI - Absolute linkage of virulence and central nervous system cell tropism of reoviruses to viral hemagglutinin. AB - That the hemagglutinin (HA) of reovirus, encoded in the S1 gene, determines the central nervous system (CNS) cell tropism of reovirus type 1 and 3 was shown using recombinant clones containing nine genes from one serotype and the S1 gene from the other. Clone 1.HA3 contains nine genes from type 1 and the S1 gene from type 3; 3.HA1 is the reciprocal clone. Type 3 and 1.HA3 cause a fatal encephalitis in newborn mice with neuronal destruction but no ependymal cell damage, whereas type 1 and 3.HA1 cause a nonfatal ependymal infection but no neuronal damage. Immunofluorescent studies showed no viral antigen in ependymal cells of mice infected with type 3 or 1.HA3 or in neuronal cells of mice infected with type 1 or 3.HA1. With type 3 or clones containing the type 3 HA, maximal brain titers were 10(10) plaque-forming units; maximal titers were 10(8) plaque forming units for type 1 or clones containing the type 1 HA. This pattern of reovirus virulence for CNS probably relates to the specific interaction of viral HA with neuronal or ependymal surface receptors. PMID- 6989931 TI - Protection of mice from lethal flaviviral encephalitis by adoptive transfer of splenic cells from donors infected with live virus. AB - C3H/RV mice, which are genetically resistant to lethal flaviviral infection were susceptible to lethal challenge with Banzi virus after they were given rabbit antiserum to mouse thymocytes. Congenic C3H/He mice, which are genetically susceptible to lethal flaviviral infection, were protected from lethal challenge with Banzi virus by adoptive immunization with splenic cells from syngeneric or congenic donor mice infected with live virus, as measured by amelioration of clinical disease, death rates, and viral replication. Protection was dependent on thymus cells; mice given immune splenic cells treated with rabbit antiserum to mouse brain and complement had high death rates. Transfer of protection was dependent on time and the dosage of splenic cells. Immune splenic cells from c3h/rv donors were, on a cell-for-cell basis, more effective than immune splenic cells from C3H/He donors in preventing viral replication, encephalitis, and death in C3H/He recipients. PMID- 6989933 TI - Immunologic diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease: cross-reactions with anaerobic and microaerophilic organisms and infections caused by them. AB - The hundred twenty-four isolates of anaerobic and microaerophilis organisms were examined with a polyvalent direct immunofluorescent antibody (DFA) reagent directed against Legionella pneumophila, serogroups (SG) I-IV. Three of 53 isolates of Bacteroides fragilis cross-reated with the SG I component of the reagent. Rabbit antisera to three SG I strains of L. pneumophila cross-reacted with these three B. fragilis isolates, and cross-reactivity was not due to preexisting rabbit antibodies; antisera to a fourth SG I strain did not cross react with these isolates. Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) examinations of convalescent-phase sera from eight of 41 patients with B. fragilis group infections showed titers of greater than or equal to 1:128 or a fourfold or greater seroconversion against L. pneumophila, SG I. All eight patients had bacteremia due to B. fragilis, but five B. fragilis isolates available from these patients were DFA-negative. Thus, false-positive reactions may result from DFA as well as IFA examinations of sera from patients with B. fragilis infections. PMID- 6989932 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of enzyme immunoassay for serodiagnosis of influenza A virus infections. AB - Antibodies to influenza virus in sera from 40 patients infected with influenza A/USSR/90/77H1N1-like virus were measured by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and results were compared with those obtained by complement-fixation (CF) and hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) tests. The sensitivity of EIA in detecting an increase in influenza antibody in sera from these 40 patients was intermediate (27 of 40) between the CF test (19 of 40) and the HAI test (35 of 40) when an ether-treater influenza A/USSR/77 virus was used as antigen in all three tests. In contrast with results from HAI tests, however, EIA did not reliably distinguish between infections caused by H1N1 and H3N2 viruses; EIA was thus most comparable in specificity to the CF test. It appears, therefore, that both EIA and CF tests measure antibodies directed to internal antigens common to all type A influenza strains, and that EIA with whole or ether-split influenza virus antigen may be a feasible alternative to the CF test for the type-specific serodiagnosis of influenza infections. PMID- 6989934 TI - Serologic immunodiagnosis of of invasive aspergillosis. AB - Two sensitive methods, counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for detecting antibodies to Aspergilus were used to study serial specimens from patients with histologically proven invasive aspergillosis for measurement of conversion from negative to positive immunoprecipitin reactions and changes in ELISA titers during immunosuppression. Sera from 12 granulocytopenic patients without invasive aspergillosis served as controls. Positive CIE reactions were demonstrated in 70% of patients with clinically suspected aspergillosis. In addition to a greater sensitivity (80%) of ELISA, the serial determination of antibody response by Elisa allowed for separation of seropositive patients into two groups. A serial rise in ELISA titer appeared to correlate with histologically documented recovery from infection, whereas those with declining or persistently intermediate titers were found to have disseminated aspergillosis at autopsy. Thus, serial antibody determination by ELISA was valuable as both a diagnostic and prognostic tool. PMID- 6989935 TI - At the turn-of-the-decade. PMID- 6989936 TI - The medical curriculum--from the 70's into the 80's. PMID- 6989937 TI - [Epidemiologic study of circulatory diseases in rural populations in Iwate Prefecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989938 TI - [A case report of temporal arteritis --clinical, light and immunofluorescent study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6989939 TI - Current trends in antimicrobial therapy of infective endocarditis. PMID- 6989940 TI - A recent immunological concept of some nasal diseases. AB - In this study, we have attempted to summarize and clarify the concept of nasal permeability to antigens such as inhaled particles, bacterial breakdown products and medicaments. The mature epithelium retains the capacity to allow macromolecules to penetrate by a pinocytotic mechanism, which is more pronounced during the neonatal period. The vast majority of individuals have no ill effects from the nasal transport of large molecules. However, when increased quantities of toxic or antigenic macromolecules gain access to the body because of a derangement in the protective mucosal barriers (namely: the Secretory IgA (SIgA), the mucous plug with the cilia, the intracellular digestion or interstitial immunoglobulins and macrophages), antigen absorption may be altered and result in either local or systemic disorders. The speculative concepts suggesting that clinical disease-states (e.g. allergy, atrophic rhinitis, rhinoscleroma, infection and malignancy), may be associated with altered mucosal permeability have also been discussed. PMID- 6989941 TI - Computerized literature search in the community hospital. PMID- 6989942 TI - The pellagra story in the United States of America. PMID- 6989943 TI - Immunofluorescence studies for myosin, alpha-actinin and tropomyosin in developing hearts of normal and cardiac lethal mutant Mexican axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum. AB - Recessive mutant gene c in axolotl embryos results in an absence of normal heart function. Immunofluorescence studies were done to determine the distributions of myosin, tropomyosin and alpha-actinin in the hearts of normal and mutant siblings. Anti-myosin specifically stains the A bands of myofibrils in normal hearts and reveals a progressive increase in myofibril organization with development. Mutant hearts display less staining for myosin than normal and localization is mainly in amorphous collections. Anti-alpha-actinin stains the Z lines of myofibrils in normal myocytes. Mutant cells also have significant staining for alpha-actinin but show no striations. Antitropomyosin intensely stains the I bands of myofibrils in normal cells; however, there is very little staining for tropomyosin in mutant hearts. Thus, mutant myocardial cells have reduced but significant amounts of actin (Lemanski, Mooseker, Peachey & Iyengar, 1976) and myosin, even though non-filamentous, and substantial amounts of alpha actinin. The cells appear to contain little tropomyosin. PMID- 6989944 TI - Translocation of neural crest cells within a hydrated collagen lattice. AB - Chick neural tubes were cultured either on planar substrata of collagen-coated Falcon plastic in growth medium with serum or within a hydrated collagen lattice (HCL) in growth medium either with or without serum. Using time-lapse cinemicrography, neural crest cells were observed emigrating from neural tubes over the collagen substrata. Once separated from the neural tube, they seldom reunite with it. Though the average rate at which the neural crest cells translocate was the same in the different culture conditions, approximately 1.0 micron/min, distinct differences in morphology and mode of translocation were observed. Neural crest cells on collagen-coated culture dishes have a flattened fibroblastic morphology and mode of translocation; in an HCl with serum, they have a bipolar shape and translocate by advancing a long, narrow leading protrusion and by periodically retracting the attenuated trailing portion of the cell; and in a serum-free HCL, they have a unipolar shape and translocate by advancing a long, narrow, branched leading protrusion and by periodically transferring the cytoplasm of the large, rounded trailing cell body forward, past a bulbous structure, and into the leading protrusion. PMID- 6989945 TI - Localization of cytoskeletal proteins in preimplantation mouse embryos. AB - The immunofluorescence technique was used to detect the presence and distribution of actin, alpha-actinin, tubulin and 10 nm filament protein in early mouse embryos. Actin and alpha-actinin stainings showed a distinct concentration to a peripheral layer in the cleavage-stage blastomeres and in trophectoderm cells. Dots of fluorescence appeared in this cortical staining pattern. The distribution of tubulin staining in the blastomere cytoplasm was relatively even with apparent concentration at the perinuclear region and frequently at wide intercellular contact areas. 10 nm filament protein was distributed evenly in the blastomere cytoplasm without cortical concentration of the label. At the blastocyst stage, the trophectoderm cells in blastocyst outgrowths in vitro developed well organized cytoskeletons including both microfilament, microtubule and 10 nm filament elements. Comparable structures were not observed in blastocysts in vivo, or in late hatched blastocysts cultured in suspension. The morphogenetic significance of the observations is discussed. PMID- 6989946 TI - On the role of germ cells in planarian regeneration. II. Cytophotometric analysis of the nuclear Feulgen-DNA content in cells of regenerated somatic tissues. AB - Previous findings by our group have shown how primordial male germ cells take part in regenerative blastema formation in planarians by migrating to the wound. The role of these cells in rebuilding transected tissues has been investigated in a population of Dugesia lugubris s.l. which is particularly suited for our purpose. In fact, these planarians provide a clear karyological marker to distinguish diploid male germ cells (2n = 8) from tryploid embryonic or somatic cells (3n = 12). In this study we employed the cytophotometric analysis of the nuclear Feulgen-DNA content in order to distinguish non-replicating male germ cells from reserve and somatic cells. The Feulgen-DNA content in cells from the gonad-free caudal area was measured after complete regeneration. Most non replicating cells (94-95%) were found to have a DNA amount typical of cells previously estimated as triploid. Some (5-6%) nuclei containing a DNA amount typical of cells previously estimated as diploid male gonia were also found. These findings seem to support the view that primordial male germ cells also participate in rebuilding somatic tissues according to the field influence they encounter during regeneration. The possibility that metaplasia (or cell transdifferentiation) may occur in planarians is finally discussed. PMID- 6989948 TI - Development of naked growing mouse oocytes in vitro. AB - Half grown oocytes were released from follicles of 7-day-old mouse ovaries during overnight culture. Naked oocytes free of attached follicular cells were cultured in MEM plus 10% fetal calf serum over the developing monolayer of ovarian cells. Oocytes increased in diameter for a period of at least a week at 1.6 micron per day, or 70% of the in vivo growth rate. The ultrastructure of cytoplasmic organelles in cultured growing oocytes was normal. During the second week, about 35% underwent spontaneous fragmentation, and at least 10-20% resumed meiotic maturation. We conclude that a significant fraction of naked oocytes reached a functional state comparable to that of normal full grown oocytes at a rate approaching the in vivo rate. Free oocytes with attached cells grew to a larger average diameter than naked oocytes, and incorporated 3H-leucine 75% more rapidly. Naked oocytes cultured in the absence of ovarian cells did not grow, and died when pyruvate was omitted from the medium. Naked oocytes did not grow when cultured over primary mouse fibroblasts, L-cells, CHO cells, or hepatoma cells. Naked oocytes separated from the monolayer of ovarian cells by a 0.7 mm layer of agar grew at 60% of the rate of control oocytes. PMID- 6989947 TI - The role of specific antibody in alternative complement pathway-mediated opsonophagocytosis of type III, group B Streptococcus. AB - The native capsular polysaccharide antigen of type III, group B Streptococcus contains a terminal sialic acid residue on each repeating unit that masks all end group galactopyranose residues and prevents alternative pathway complement activation by adult human sera in the absence of type-specific antibody. The critical role of the sialic acid residues in allowing the organism to evade activating the alternative complement pathway was shown when neuraminidase treatment of the organism converted the bacteria to activators of the alternative pathway as assessed in agammaglobulinemic serum. The requirement for specific antibody in permitting alternative pathway activation by the fully sialated bacteria was shown when sera that contained low levels of specific antibody failed to activate this pathway, and when prior absorption of serum that contained higher type-specific antibody levels with the capsular antigen failed to activate this pathway. The use of C2-deficient sera showed that the calssical pathway was not required for antibody-dependent alternative pathway activation. The use of isotonic, pH 7.5, veronal-NaCl buffer that contained 1% gelatin and that was supplemented to 4 mM Mg++ and 16 mM EGTA and adjusted to pH 7.5 (MgEGTA) ruled out the participation of the C1-bypass pathway. The presence of sialic acid on the bacterial surface is one means of evading an important mechanism of natural immunity, namely activation of complement by the alternative pathway. Only specific antibody, i.e., acquired immunity, can overcome this virulence factor. PMID- 6989949 TI - The first years of the University of Florida College of Medicine. PMID- 6989950 TI - Room M-112: Medical Sciences Building. PMID- 6989951 TI - Origin and development of University of Florida College of Medicine. PMID- 6989952 TI - The University of Florida College of Medicine's alumni during the school's first twenty years. PMID- 6989953 TI - Highlights of twenty years' research at the University of Florida College of Medicine. PMID- 6989954 TI - Profile: four academic pioneers who stayed to help the Health Center grow. PMID- 6989955 TI - Glucose phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase activity and glucose uptake rate of Klebsiella aerogenes growing in chemostat culture. AB - Glucose-limited cultures of Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418 (and the supposedly identical strain NCIB 418) possessed a glucose phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) phosphotransferase activity that varied markedly and progressively with growth rate, from more than 250 nmol min-1 (mg dry wt cells)-1 at D = 0.1 h-1 to less than 100 nmol min-1 (mg dry wt cells)-1 at D = 0.8 h-1. When relieved of the glucose limitation, substrate was used at a rate that bore no precise relationship to the cells' phosphotransferase activity. Similarly, glucose sufficient (phosphate- or potassium-limited) cultures metabolized glucose at high rates, whereas the cells possessed only moderate glucose PEP phosphotransferase activities. These results are compared with those reported for glucose-limited cultures of Escherichia coli and for variously limited cultures of K. aerogenes. Glucose-sufficient cultures, as well as glucose-limited cultures that had been temporarily relieved of glucose limitation, excreted partially oxidized products of glucose catabolism in considerable amounts. The relevance of this 'overflow' metabolism to studies of glucose transport using [U-14C]glucose is emphasized. PMID- 6989956 TI - Studies of temperature-sensitive transfer and maintenance of H incompatibility group plasmids. AB - The mechanism of temperature-sensitive transfer was studied for plasmids of the H incompatibility group. Transfer depended on the temperature of the mating mixture but the growth temperature of the donor was also important, and donor cells previously grown at 26 degrees C could not facilitate transfer at 37 degrees C. Comparison of transfer characteristics of a non-thermosensitive H plasmid R831b and thermosensitive H plasmids from Salmonella from Ontario during a 2 h mating period showed that the thermosensitive phenotype inhibited transfer by about 200 fold at 37 degrees C and by 10-fold at 42 degrees C. At temperatures between 15 and 30 degrees C, the thermotolerant H plasmid transferred at about the same frequency as the temperature-sensitive plasmid. Elimination of some H plasmids after growth of host cells was also observed and physical evidence of this was obtained. The characteristic of high-temperature elimination (Hte) was limited to plasmids from similar bacterial and geographphical sources. Plasmids from Salmonella spp. isolated in Ontario did not possess this phenotype, whereas plasmids from Serratia marcescens isolated in the United States did. Although the Tra(ts) and Hte phenotypes may both be characteristic of H plasmids, they were shown to be separate and distinct properties. The H plasmids used in this study were isolated and their molecular weights determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. All were large, with molecular weights often exceeding 140 X 10(6). In contrast, the thermostable H plasmid R831b had a molecular weight on only 49 X 10(6). PMID- 6989957 TI - Genetic analysis of a pleiotropic mutant of Klebsiella pneumoniae affected in nitrogen metabolism. AB - Genetic and reversion analyses of a thermosensitive pleiotropic mutant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae with defects in nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism have shown that the pleiotropie behaviour of mutant is due to a single mutation in a gene designated nim. This gene is contransducible with trp at a frequency of about 30% (using bacteriophage P1) and with cys at a frequency of about 14%. The gene order is cys, trp, nim. The defect in the nim mutant is complemented by the E. coli F' element, F'148. PMID- 6989958 TI - Specificity of exochelins for iron transport in three species of mycobacteria. AB - Iron chelated to the water-soluble extracellular iron-binding compound (exochelin) from Mycobacterium smegmatis was taken up by that organism by an energy-coupled transport system which was not found in M. bovis BCG or M. intracellulare. The uptake of iron from the chloroform-soluble exochelins produced by the latter two species was by an inhibitor-insenstive system which was also found in M. smegmatis. PMID- 6989959 TI - Properties of a transmissible plasmid conferring citrate-utilizing ability in Escherichia coli of human origin. AB - Transfer of citrate utilization (Cit+) was achieved with a plasmid (pCIT354) which is Fi+, has F-like pili and fails to inhibit phage propagation. Transduction of Cit+ was achieved with P1 hage. Results of incompatibility tests with R plasmids indicated that pCIT354 is a self-repressed F-like plasmid. PMID- 6989960 TI - Pineal effects on metabolism and glucose homeostasis: evidence for lines of humoral mediation of pineal influences on tumor growth. AB - Results from animal experiments support the hypothesis that pineal gland function can influence some aspects of tissue metabolism and glucose homeostasis. Evidence of pineal effects on particular endocrine and sympatheto-adrenal targets contributes to an understanding of indirect routes by which pineal activity can possibly affect the growth and activity of some kinds of tumors, in part through nutrient and metabolic effects in the tissue environment of the tumor cells. PMID- 6989961 TI - Prostaglandin profiles in tissue and blood vessels from human brain. PMID- 6989962 TI - Compartmentalization of the cerebral ventricles as a sequela of neonatal meningitis. AB - Thirteen infants with compartmentalization of the lateral ventricles diagnosed by air encephalography, computerized tomography, or autopsy are reported. In each case, the body of one or both lateral ventricles was completely divided by a membrane posterior to the foramen of Monro. Recognition of this entity is important from both therapeutic and prognostic standpoints. PMID- 6989963 TI - Histological features of congenital lipomas of the lower spinal canal. AB - A study of 20 children with lipomyelomeningocele and two with intradural lipoma who underwent surgery revealed that five children had unusual and previously unreported histological findings. In each, the characteristic densely fibrous lipoma was present. One patient with an intradural lipoma had an ependymal-lined canal resembling a terminal ventricle. The subependymal layer was neuroglial and striated muscle fibers were scattered throughout adjacent connective tissue and lipoma. Three other children presented with lipomyelomeningoceles. In each case, the lipoma tapered to a firm fibrous tract which blended into conus medullaris. Microscopic examination of this fibrous tract showed it to contain not only a relatively acellular connective tissue stroma, but, in one case, sheets or islands of neuroglia and scattered nerve cells, in another, an epithelial cyst with a smooth muscle and fibrous tissue wall, and in a third case, a fragment of embryonic bone. These findings support the theory that there is a secondary phase to caudal neural tube development, and that congenital lipomas are formed by persistence and differentiation of ordinarily vestigial pluripotential embryonic cells. The fifth case, with extradural lipoma, diastematomyelia, and congenital dermal sinus, had a cyst at the junction of these structures. The cyst was lined by ciliated respiratory-like epithelium, and had mucous and serous glands in its wall. This finding supports the concept that formation of diastematomyelia depends on the prior existence of an accessory neurenteric canal. PMID- 6989964 TI - Gallium and infection. PMID- 6989965 TI - Effect of garlic on carbohydrate metabolism and lipid synthesis in rats. PMID- 6989966 TI - Effects of short-term dietary glucose and fructose on rat serum triglyceride concentration. PMID- 6989967 TI - Osseous vs soft tissue origin of extranodal lymphoma. PMID- 6989968 TI - W. Harry Archer, 1905--1980. PMID- 6989969 TI - Percutaneous transtracheal aspiration in the diagnosis and treatment of aspiration pneumonia in children. AB - Seventy-four transtracheal aspirations and expectorated sputum specimens were collected from a number of children with aspiration pneumonia. The aspirates were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Cultures obtained through TTA contained fewer pathogens than in cultures of expectorated sputum. Gram stains of TTA aspirates offered prompt presumptive bacteriologic diagnosis in 93% of patients, whereas Gram stains of expectorated sputum were not specific. The recovery of Gram-negative enteric rods in the TTA aspirate provided guidance in adding an aminoglycoside to the antimicrobial therapy in 35 children (47%). Side effects of TTA included mild hemoptysis and, in rare instances, subcutaneous emphysema. We found TTA to be a generally safe and useful procedure in the diagnosis and therapy of aspiration pneumonia in children. PMID- 6989970 TI - Carbohydrate intolerance in children and adolescents with Turner syndrome. PMID- 6989971 TI - A lesson recorded: Lee Forrest Hill--a model for CME. PMID- 6989972 TI - Prevalence of type-specific group B streptococcal antibody in pregnant women. AB - Immunoglobulin G antibody against the four major serotypes of group B streptococcus was measured by indirect immunofluorescence in the sera of 200 consecutive pregnant women seen in the obstetric screening clinic of an urban teaching hospital. Antibody was detectable in 26% of undiluted sera against serotype Ia, 52% against serotype Ib, 82% against serotype II, and 45% against serotype III. Only 9% had antibody against all four GBS types. When serotype specific antibody prevalences in 108 women with GBS vaginal colonization were compared with prevalences in noncolonized women, only women colonized with GBS type Ia were more likely to have antibody against Ia than noncolonized women. Antibody prevalences in sera from 54 mothers whose infants developed invasive GBS disease were significantly lower than those in colonized or noncolonized women. Since low titers of IF antibody to GBS III were present in some sera from mothers of infected infants, the data were analyzed based on IF antibody titers associated with passive protection in a chick embryo model of GBS septicemia. None of the sera from mothers of infected infants had antibody levels associated with chick embryo protection. Less than 10% of women had titers associated with chick embryo protection. These data suggest that the majority of pregnant women lack immunity to GBS, regardless of colonization status. PMID- 6989973 TI - Evaluation of an educational program on compliance with medication regimens in pediatric patients with renal transplants. AB - An educational program was initiated in an attempt to improve compliance in taking medications among pediatric renal transplant patients. Compliance was assessed by pill counts and by knowledge about medications by interview and questionnaire before, during, and after a six-month study period. Forty-three percent of the population was initially found to be in some way noncompliant with medication regimens, and 19% remained so after extensive counseling and instruction. Factors associated with noncompliance were adolescence, female sex, and family instability. Compliance was associated with direct parental involvement and voluntary maintenance of medication calendars. Although knowledge about drugs significantly improved, there was no correlation with compliance; motivational factors appeared to be of greater importance. PMID- 6989974 TI - FDA's biomedical research program. PMID- 6989975 TI - Sir Jonathon Hutchinson 1828-1913: his role in the history of intussusception. PMID- 6989976 TI - The cast aluminum denture base. Part I: Rationale. AB - Experiments with various casting techniques have been done, and aluminum base dentures have been made for many patients. The subjective clinical response from patients wearing aluminum dentures has not been different from patients wearing acrylic resin dentures. However, Brudvik and Holt have stated that they have had marked clinical success in using aluminum bases. A literature review on using aluminum as a denture base material has been presented, and the rationale for its use has been discussed. In part II, a technique will be described that can be used for casting aluminum denture bases. PMID- 6989977 TI - Photoelastic stess analysis of overdenture attachments. AB - This is a summary of various investigations designed to study the transmission of forces through overdenture abutments to the remaining oral structures: 1. The best design for uniform distribution of occlusal forces to the remaining structures was the conventional design, particularly the amalgam restored abutment. This design, however, provided less effective retention and stability than the other designs. 2. In the group of stud type attachments studied, the Ancrofix transferred stress in a more favorable manner to the remaining structures in the oral cavity when compared to the other stud attachments. 3. The Hader Bar provided more desirable effects to the abutments and remaining structures than did the other tissue bars. 4. The major objective in the choice of an overdenture attachment should be the consideration of how the stress is transferred from these attachments through the abutments and other structures, not the retnetion and stability. PMID- 6989978 TI - A new removable partial denture clasp assembly. PMID- 6989979 TI - Two independent evaluations of ten amalgam alloys. AB - Two independent research groups evaluated marginal failure and conducted creep tests on 10 commercial amalgam alloys. Correlation data determined that both laboratory tests and clinical results were essentially the same between the two studies. The 2-year clinical results indicate that five alloys, Cupralloy, Dispersalloy, Indiloy, Phasealloy, and Tytin give best results. Creep correlated with the rate of marginal failure within a study when all alloys were assessed; however, for the seven gamma-2-free alloys, there was no significant relationship between in vivo and in vitro data. Since creep tests did not predict marginal failure of the gamma-2-free alloys, the results of clinical studies should be the guide to selection of the better amalgam alloys. PMID- 6989980 TI - Advantages and use of the remount for fixed prosthodontics. PMID- 6989981 TI - Canine discluder mechanics. AB - The amount of lateral force exerted on the periodontium of a discluder tooth can be controlled in at least two ways: (1) by changing the location of the force application point relative to a tooth's center of rotation (Fig. 10) and (2) by changing the steepness of the discluder path relative to the lateral path. Since it is desirable to minimize the force exerted between discluders, the acceleration and normal frictional force between them must be kept as small as possible. This means choosing a discluder path with the most gentle slope possible departing from the lateral path. Before this slope angle can be chosen, however, there must be a base line from which to measure its steepness. The "base line" is the lateral path. Therefore, the lateral path must be located first. The discluder slant and relief slant are each chosen to be successively steeper in angulation relative to the lateral path. In summary, if the angular difference between the discluder path and the lateral path is kept at a minimum, the force between the discluders due to acceleration will be at a minimum. PMID- 6989982 TI - Use of pocket inlay grafts and tuberoplasty in maxillary prosthetic construction. AB - A method of surgical and prosthetic rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxillae using pocket inlay grafts and tuberoplasty is presented. At 2 1/2 years postoperatively, the denture in a patient treated in this manner remains stable with good retention and function. The principles presented may be applied in a variety of situations to achieve greater retention and stability of the maxillary denture. PMID- 6989983 TI - Mandibular dysfunction and temporomandibular joint pathosis. PMID- 6989984 TI - Fabrication of custom trays from existing dentures. AB - This technique rapidly and simply provides a custom tray which duplicates the tissue surface of the patient's previous denture. The custom tray is then used as if it were the denture in a reline technique to make a final impression. PMID- 6989985 TI - Occlusal reconstruction and rebase procedure for distal extension removable partial dentures. PMID- 6989986 TI - Role of biofeedback training in hypertension and stress. PMID- 6989987 TI - A newly revised classification of the protozoa. AB - The subkingdom Protozoa now inclues over 65,000 named species, of which over half are fossil and approximately 10,000 are parasitic. Among living species, this includes approximately 250 parasitic and 11,300 free-living sarcodines (of which approximately 4,600 are foraminiferids); approximately 1,8000 parasitic and 5,100 free-living flagellates; approximately 5,600 parasitic "Sporozoa" (including Apicomplexa, Microspora, Myxospora, and Ascetospora); and approximately 2,5000 parasitic and 4,700 free-living ciliates. There are undoubtedly thousands more still unnamed. Seven phyla of PROTOZOA are accepted in this classification- SARCOMASTIGOPHORA, LABYRINTHOMORPHA, APICOMPLEXA, MICROSPORA, ASCETOSPORA, MYXOSPORA, and CILIOPHORA. Diagnoses are given for these and for all higher taxa through suborders, and reporesentative genera of each are named. The present scheme is a considerable revision of the Society's 1964 classification, which was prepared at a time when perhaps 48,000 species had been named. It has been necessitated by the acquisition of a great deal of nex taxonomic information, much of it through electron microscopy. It is hoped that the present classification incorporatesmost of the major changes that will be made for some time, and that it will be used for many years by both protozoologist and non protozoologists. PMID- 6989988 TI - Day care surgery. PMID- 6989990 TI - District nurse training. AB - Training for district nursing is being reviewed. By 1981 district nurses will have a new administrative structure, a new curriculum, and a new examination. Training for nursing, like that for general practice, is to become mandatory. The history of the development of district nurse training is briefly described. PMID- 6989989 TI - James Mackenzie Lecture 1979. The happiness pill? PMID- 6989991 TI - Pathophysiology and management of septic shock. AB - Septic shock is an acute medical and surgical emergency with a devastating mortality rate. It may occur in both debilitated, immunosuppressed patients and young, healthy patients undergoing genitourinary instrumentation. This paper reviews the intricate pathophysiology of septic shock and presents a comprehensive plan for the management of this life-threatening illness. PMID- 6989992 TI - Prevention of postoperative adhesions. PMID- 6989993 TI - Current concepts in the surgical management of breast cancer. PMID- 6989994 TI - Production and partial characterization of dog macrophage migration inhibitory factor. PMID- 6989995 TI - Endotoxin-enhanced secretion of macrophage insulin-like activity. PMID- 6989996 TI - Natural killer cell activation in lipopolysaccharide-responsive and -non responsive mice by viral and bacterial agents. PMID- 6989997 TI - How does the mechanism of cartilage destruction influence surgical management of the rheumatoid joint? PMID- 6989998 TI - Colchicine: its use as a suicidal drug by females. PMID- 6989999 TI - Reiter's disease after Salmonella typhimurium enteritis. AB - We describe a case of Reiter's disease in an HLA-B27 positive black woman after infection with Salmonella typhimurium. Although reactive arthropathy following Salmonella infections is not unusual, Reiter's disease is rare. This may be the second such case in the English literature, and the first reported in North America. PMID- 6990000 TI - Kidney transplants: a reply to Sells. PMID- 6990001 TI - The Marquis de Sade and induced abortion. AB - In 1795 the Marquis de Sade published his La Philosophic dans le boudoir, in which he proposed the use of induced abortion for social reasons and as a means of population control. It is from this time that medical and social acceptance of abortion can be dated, although previously the subject had not been discussed in public in modern times. It is suggested that it was largely due to de Sade's writing that induced abortion received the impetus which resulted in its subsequent spread in western society. PMID- 6990003 TI - Dark-field light microscopic study of the flexibility of F-actin complexes. PMID- 6990002 TI - Identification and partial characterization of five major membrane glycoproteins of BHK fibroblasts. AB - Five major membrane glycoproteins of the BHK-B4 hamster fibroblast plasma membrane have been identified by binding specific rabbit antibodies to the cell surface and by recovering the detergent solubilized immunocomplexes with Protein A-Sepharose immunoadsorption. These glycoproteins, designated as gp45, gp65, gp95, gp130 and gp140, are exposed at the cell surface since: (i) they were accessible to antibodies in intact viable cells; (ii) they were radioiodinated by the lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase procedure; and (iii) they were cleaved by proteolytic enzymes in conditions affecting only the cell surface. Among these glycoproteins the gp130 is the predominant component and its exposed portion is characterized by lack of sensitivity to trypsin cleavage. Glycoproteins of different molecular weight, but immunologically related to the major hamster membrane glycoproteins, have been detected at the surface of both rat and mouse fibroblasts. PMID- 6990004 TI - Mechanisms of increasing expression of a yeast gene in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6990005 TI - Mutants of bacteriophage T4 that produce infective fibreless particles. PMID- 6990006 TI - An autoradiographic, biochemical, and morphological study of the harderian gland of the mouse. AB - Biochemical and morphological properties of the Harderian gland of the mouse were examined by combining autoradiographic, biochemical, and electron microscopic techniques. Autoradiographs show that the radioactive carbon from [U-14C]glucose injected to the abdominal cavity is completely incorporated into the acid insoluble substances within 30 minutes. The results of chemical analysis show that the main components of this gland are glyceryl ether diesters and phospholipids. Scanning electron microscopy shows numerous lipid droplets in the secretory cells and alveolar lumina. Myoepithelial cells lie between the secretory cell base and the basement membrane and have a basket-like distribution of processes as confirmed by hydrochloric acid and collagenase digestions. Myofilaments are demonstrated in the cytoplasm. Two types of secretory cells (A and B) comprise the alveolar epithelium and can be differentiated under the electron microscope. The cytoplasm of both contains numerous vacuoles. The vacuoles are almost empty in A cells, which are more numerous constituent of the alveolar epithelium than B cells. However, the vacuoles of the B cells contain densely osmiophilic material. In both, cell types show a merocrine mode of secretion. Unmyelinated nerve cell endings occur in the interstices of the connective tissue, and contain clear or cored vesicles. PMID- 6990008 TI - New Veterans' Administration study. PMID- 6990007 TI - My nursing role model: a profile (Zella Dutton Ferrando). PMID- 6990009 TI - The radical mastoidectomy. AB - The history, indications appropriate for preparation, and technique of radical mastoidectomy are described. Considerable emphasis is placed on adequate meatoplasty; using meticulous attention to detail, excellent results can be achieved. PMID- 6990010 TI - The modified radical mastoidectomy. AB - The historical evoluation of mastoid surgery is described. The indications, technique, and postoperative management of modified radical mastoidectomy are discussed and clinical illustrations are presented. PMID- 6990011 TI - Tympanoplasty--25 years later. AB - The surgical details of tympanoplasty, the importance of the pathology, the proper selection and preparation of the patient have been emphasized. The results of the procedure have been discussed. While at times disappointing, the operation tympanoplasty as viewed over 25 years has been established in the armamentarium of the otologic surgeon. PMID- 6990012 TI - Tympanoplasty in childhood. AB - Seventy cases of tympanoplasty in children in whom disease appeared to be limited to the mesotympanum were reviewed. Careful pre-operative selection is recommended; however, the surgery itself presented no particular problems. Success in closure of the perforation and improvement in hearing is comparable to adult studies. PMID- 6990013 TI - Porps, torps, and homografts in tympanoplasty. AB - A brief review of the use of plastique prostheses in ossiculoplasty, as well as the use of homograft tympanic membranes along with our experience is reported. Plastipore prostheses have been found to be useful, and their continued use is advocated. Homograft tympanic membranes are useful in repairing those ears which have undergone extensive damage to the tympanic membrane and ossicles. PMID- 6990014 TI - Surface reliefs computed from micrographs of isolated heavy metal shadowed particles. PMID- 6990015 TI - Roles of bacteriophage T4 gene 5 and gene s products in cell lysis. AB - Previous studies indicated that (i) T4 gene s product (gps) protects infected cells from superinfection lysis from without, (ii) the absence of gps in infected cells also leads to lysis from within even when T4 e lysozyme is absent, (iii) T4 gene 5 product (gp5), a polypeptide of the virion baseplate, may be responsible for inducing lysis from without, and (iv) altered gp5 of the T4 mutant 5ts1 can replace e lysozyme to cause lysis from within. Results of this study showed that (i) wild-type gp5 in infected cells lacking e lysozyme was responsible for lysis from within in the absence of gps, and (ii) gps did not protect infected cells from superinfection lysis from without by 5ts1 phage. We prpose that gps normally prevents functional expression of wild-type gp5 activity from either side of the cell wall, whereas the 5ts1 form of gp5 is insensitive to the gps barrier and induces lysis from either side of the cell wall. PMID- 6990017 TI - Baseplate protein of bacteriophage T4 with both structural and lytic functions. AB - Analyses of a new bacteriophage T4 mutant that permits lysis of infected cells in the absence of e lysozyme showed that the strain carried a suppressor mutation in gene 5, a gene whose polypeptide product (gp5) is an integral component of the virion baseplate. Indirect experiments indicated that cell lysis was caused by the lytic action of mutant gp5. With regard to the physiological role of normal gp5, we speculate that it functions in the initiation of infection by catalyzing local cell wall digestion to facilitate penetration of the tail tube through the cell envelope. The proposed lytic activity of gp5 may also be responsible for the well-known phenomenon of lysis from without observed with T4. PMID- 6990016 TI - Structure and functions of the bacteriophage P22 tail protein. AB - The product of gene 9 (gp9) of Salmonella typhimurium bacteriophage P22 is a multifunctional structural protein. This protein is both a specific glycosidase which imparts the adsorption characteristics of the phage for its host and a protein which participates in a specific assembly reaction during phage morphogenesis. We have begun a detailed biochemical and genetic analysis of this gene product. A relatively straightforward purification of this protein has been devised, and various physical parameters of the protein have been determined. The protein has an s(20,w) of 9.3S, a D(20,w) of 4.3 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s, and a molecular weight, as determined by sedimentation equilibrium, of 173,000. The purified protein appears as a prolate ellipsoid upon electron microscopic examination, with an axial ratio of 4:1, which is similar to the observed shape when it is attached to the phage particle. The molecular weight is consistent with the tail protein being a dimer of gp9 and each phage containing six of these dimers. An altered form of the tail protein has been purified from supF cells infected with a phage strain carrying an amber mutation in gene 9. Phage "tailed" with this altered form of gp9 adsorb to susceptible cells but form infectious centers with a severely reduced efficiency (ca. 1%). Biochemical analysis of the purified wild-type and genetically altered tail proteins suggests that loss of infectivity correlates with a loss in the glycosidase activity of the protein (2.5% residual activity). From these results we propose that the glycosidic activity of the P22 tail protein is not essential for phage assembly or adsorption of the phage to its host but is required for subsequent steps in the process of infection. PMID- 6990019 TI - Bordetella bronchiseptica associated with pulmonary disease in mountain voles (Microtus montanus). AB - Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from the lungs of all of six mountain voles (Microtus montanus) found dead or dying of pulmonary infection near the Bear River Research Station in northern Utah in January, 1973. The possibility of concomitant viral or mycoplasmal infection was not ruled out. PMID- 6990018 TI - Rescue of abortive T7 gene 2 mutant phage infection by rifampin. AB - Infection of Escherichia coli with T7 gene 2 mutant phage was abortive; concatemeric phage DNA was synthesized but was not packaged into the phage head, resulting in an accumulation of DNA species shorter in size than the phage genome, concomitant with an accumulation of phage head-related structures. Appearance of concatemeric T7 DNA in gene 2 mutant phage infection during onset of T7 DNA replication indicates that the product of gene 2 was required for proper processing or packaging of concatemer DNA rather than for the synthesis of T7 progeny DNA or concatemer formation. This abortive infection by gene 2 mutant phage could be rescued by rifampin. If rifampin was added at the onset of T7 DNA replication, concatemeric DNA molecules were properly packaged into phage heads, as evidenced by the production of infectious progeny phage. Since the gene 2 product acts as a specific inhibitor of E. coli RNA polymerase by preventing the enzyme from binding T7 DNA, uninhibited E. coli RNA polymerase in gene 2 mutant phage-infected cells interacts with concatemeric T7 DNA and perturbs proper DNA processing unless another inhibitor of the enzyme (rifampin) was added. Therefore, the involvement of gene 2 protein in T7 DNA processing may be due to its single function as the specific inhibitor of the host E. coli RNA polymerase. PMID- 6990020 TI - Candidiasis in young hand-reared kangaroos. AB - Necropsies conducted on four young eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) revealed white encrustations adherent to the mucosa of the lips, gums, tongue and oesophagus. The non-glandular stomach was impacted with similar white curd-like material, much of which was ahderent to the mucosa. Histopathology revealed fungal mycelia and blastospores invading the stratified squamous epithelium resulting in focal erosion, ulceration and venous thrombosis. A predominantly neutrophilic leucocytic infiltration was produced in intra-epithelial and submucosal tissues. Candida albicans was isolated from the upper alimentary tract lesions of all cases. Failure to thrive on milk diets, prolonged episodes of diarrhoea and antibiotic therapy during hand-rearing were considered to be significant predisposing factors to infection. PMID- 6990021 TI - Occurrence of human-associated yeasts in the feces and pool waters of captive bottlenosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). AB - Total yeast counts at 20 and 37 C incubation from chlorinated salt water pools containing marine mammals averaged 40 per L and 12 per L, respectively. Candida albicans, the etiological agent of candidiasis in mammals, was found in 32% of 123 water samples although numbers were low (average of 1.2 cells per L). The yeast was isolated only once from feces from one Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) but was recovered from three fecal samples from an asymptomatic beluga whale (Delphinapteras leucas) which suggested that this animal may be a carrier. Three yeasts (Candida tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and Torulopsis glabrata) associated with human disease accounted for 73% and 88%, respectively, of the 37 C isolates from water and animals. The data indicate the routine presence of potentially pathogenic yeasts in water and various marine mammals. Captive environments characterized by antimicrobial treatment (e.g., chlorine) may provide appropriate conditions for resistant microorganisms, including yeasts, to become opportunistic pathogens in susceptible marine mammals or to become established in others which act as healthy carriers. PMID- 6990022 TI - Salmonella meningoencephalomyelitis in a northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus). AB - Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from the brain of a neonatal northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) with gross and microscopic lesions of meningoencephalomyelitis. Microscopic lesions in the liver and lung suggested septicemia. PMID- 6990023 TI - Notes on Salmonellae isolated from wildlife in Kano Zoological Gardens. PMID- 6990024 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 6990026 TI - Ferdinand Sauerbruch. PMID- 6990025 TI - Treatment of herniated lumbar disk syndrome with chymopapain. AB - One hundred twenty-four patients with herniated lumbar disks received intradiskal injections of chymopapain before the Food and Drug Administration's withdrawal of the drug. One year after injection, 90 patients (72.6%) experienced major improvement, 21 (16.9%) had slight improvement, and 13 (10.5%) had no improvement. Of those patients who had no previous back surgery and who were not compensation cases, 77 patients (81%) had marked improvement, 13 (13.7%) had slight improvement, and five (5.3%) had no improvement. Three- to six-year follow ups were obtained by questionnaire. Of the 114 patients responding, overall 83 patients (72.8%) had marked improvement, and 75 (83.3%) of those with no previous surgery and who were not workmen's compensation cases had major improvement. Since all patients met objective criteria for diskectomy, favorable results from chemonucleolysis spared most the trauma of surgery and its attendant convalescence. These results indicate that chemonucleolysis can and should be considered an advantageous alternative to surgery in appropriately selected patients. PMID- 6990027 TI - Common bile duct obstruction and cholangiohepatitis in clonorchiasis. AB - This report describes a patient with common bile duct obstruction and cholangiohepatitis. Patients with clonorchiasis are usually asymptomatic and treatment is limited to complications. Treatment consists of cholecystectomy, choledochotomy, and T-tube drainage. A bypass procedure is indicated in cases of heavy infestation and recurrent disease. PMID- 6990029 TI - Hypoglycemic treatment. Guidelines for the non-insulin-dependent diabetic. Council on Scientific Affairs. PMID- 6990028 TI - Renal artery occlusion from migration of stainless steel coils. PMID- 6990030 TI - Donald Fredrickson, MD: 'high priest'. PMID- 6990031 TI - James D. Waltner, MD: doctor for small planet. PMID- 6990033 TI - Emergency medicine. PMID- 6990032 TI - Carroll Behrhorst, MD: lessons from the Third World. PMID- 6990034 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of an opiate peptide. PMID- 6990035 TI - Greater use of fibrinolytic agents urged. PMID- 6990036 TI - Spinal prothesis patient dies; new therapies spurred. PMID- 6990037 TI - Unrecognized Legionnaires' disease as a cause of fatal illness. AB - Lungs from 224 patients, obtained at autopsy, were examined for Legionella pneumophila by fluorescent antibody (FA) staining. Of 121 patients who died with pneumonia, L pneumophila was present in eight cases (6.6%). (Two of the eight patients exhibited no important respiratory symptoms or fever, although pneumonia contributed considerably to their deaths. Preexisting underlying disease was present in all cases. Legionnaires' disease (LD), endemic in the central Ohio area, may cause up to 3.6% of the nosocomial pneumonias at the study site. Application of the local incidence of LD to the number of annual adult deaths in the United States indicates that many LD-associated deaths may occur each year. The study shows the importance of using the FA and Dieterle stains during routine pathological examination of lung tissue, especially from compromised hosts in endemic areas. PMID- 6990039 TI - JAMA Reference Directories. PMID- 6990038 TI - Pump and brittle circumstance. PMID- 6990040 TI - Andrija Stampar. PMID- 6990041 TI - Oliver Wolcott. PMID- 6990042 TI - Minimizing complications of bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6990044 TI - Reversible dementia. Illustrative cases, definition, and review. AB - The pitfalls of overlooking correctable causes of progressive intellectual deterioration are illustrated by live patients whose conditions were originally diagnosed as primary dementia. In each case careful evaluation disclosed a reversible process. Treatable intracranial conditions, systemic illnesses, endocrinopathies, deficiency states, collagen-vascular disorders, heavy-metal intoxications, exposure to industrial agents, infections, and the effects of drugs must all be considered in the evaluation of the patient with dementia. Such conditions are less likely to go undiagnosed when dementia is regarded as a nonspecific syndrome of progressive intellectual compromise rather than a specific diagnosis. PMID- 6990043 TI - Ultrasound evaluation of the renal transplant. PMID- 6990045 TI - [Double-blind studies of Stadol (butorphanol tartrate)/pentazocine for postoperative pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990046 TI - [Current findings on the studies of the history of anesthesiology (8)--Erwin Von Baelz and obstetrical anesthesia]. PMID- 6990047 TI - Japanese literature on antibiotics. CLXXXVII. PMID- 6990048 TI - Foreign literature on antibiotics. CLXI. PMID- 6990049 TI - [In memoriam: Late Prof. Kanematsu Sugiura]. PMID- 6990051 TI - [Japanese literature on antibiotics. CLXXXVIII]. PMID- 6990050 TI - [Drug sensitivity of bacteria isolated from clinical samples (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990052 TI - Foreign literature on antibiotics. CLXI. PMID- 6990054 TI - Literature. PMID- 6990053 TI - Molecular weight of renal renin. PMID- 6990055 TI - [Application of enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry to cytologic diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990056 TI - [Studies on simple method for determination of serum m-GOT activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990057 TI - [Analysis of insulin secretion pattern during glucose tolerance test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990058 TI - [A mass screening procedure for galactosemia utilizing E. coli Q396 and bacteriophage U3. (1) The method and results of the mass screening (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990060 TI - [Problems in identification of bacteria--on the API20 E system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990059 TI - [Problems on making bacteriological tests more rapid (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990061 TI - [Problems in identification of bacteria: evaluation of Minitek system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990062 TI - [The clinical study of hyponatremia in the elderly. Part Two. Renal function in the aged hyponatremia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990063 TI - [Properties of urinary beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase and its clinical significance in renal diseases in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990064 TI - [In memoriam: Prof. Hiroshi Sasamoto]. PMID- 6990065 TI - Why patients use the emergency department. PMID- 6990066 TI - Assessment of suicidal potential in adolescents. PMID- 6990067 TI - Traumatic cardiac tamponade. PMID- 6990068 TI - Law and the Emergency Nurse (standing narcotic orders). PMID- 6990069 TI - Iron poisoning. PMID- 6990070 TI - Trauma notebook 22 : pulsus alternans. PMID- 6990072 TI - Migraine headaches. PMID- 6990071 TI - Pericardiocentesis. PMID- 6990074 TI - Ultrastructure of cell types cultured during preneoplasia from implant surfaces and foreign-body-reactive tissues in mice. PMID- 6990075 TI - Active specific immunotherapy of established micrometastasis: effect of cryopreservation procedures on tumor cell immunogenicity in guinea pigs. AB - In a transplantable hepatocarcinoma (L10) model of inbred Sewall Wright strain 2 guinea pigs, established micrometastatic tumor foci could be eliminated from the viscera by specific tumor immunity induced by the systemic effect of a BCG-L10 tumor cell vaccine. The conditions of vaccine preparation and regimen were rigid, and a dose dependency for both BCG and tumor cells existed. Comparison of the influence of cryobiologic preservation procedures on the tumor cells to be used in the vaccine showed that cells frozen by an optimized cryobiologic procedure, improved for maintenance of viable cells, were more effective than cells frozen by a conventional glycerol method. The glycerol method resulted in a lower percentage of viable cells, and the effectiveness of the vaccine was greatly diminished. Thus some past failures of active specific immunotherapy could be associated with acute antigenic exposures resulting from suboptimal cryobiologic preservation of tumor cells in the vaccine preparation instead of prolonged or chronic tumor cell antigenic exposure resulting from optimal cryobiologic procedures. PMID- 6990073 TI - An analysis of the reporting of results in lung cancer drug trials. PMID- 6990076 TI - [Phagocytosis of BCG by peripheral blood leucocytes of tuberculous patients complicated with diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990078 TI - [Indirect methods for the surgical prevention of pulmonary artery thromboembolism]. PMID- 6990077 TI - [Genetic approaches to the study of ischemic heart disease]. AB - Data on the study of the genetics of ischemic heart disease by means of the classical methods (genealogical, population-statistical, and twin) are discussed. The results of a follow-up, conducted for many years, of the condition of close relatives of sick and healthy probands, who were found to be practically healthy during the first examination are discussed. Clinical biochemical examination of the relatives of sick probands is considered a necessary stage in the further clinical study of the genetic factors in ischemic heart disease. The most important problems in the study of the genetics of ischemic heart disease in the clinic are outlined. PMID- 6990079 TI - [Modern concepts of the coronary insufficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6990080 TI - [Automated information system on ischemic heart disease]. AB - An information system on the results of clinical examination of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease is described. The bulk of information contains data on 590 patients who had undergone coronarography. A standarized chart of block structure of the comprehensive examination of the patient was used to obtain full and homogeneous information. With this information system large volumes of data may be grouped and stored, available whenever necessary, data may be selected from the overall material, and groups of patients may be formed according to some predetermined sign or complex of signs. PMID- 6990082 TI - [Comparative study of carbohydrate metabolism in ischemic heart disease in the presence and absence of coronary atherosclerosis]. AB - Eighty-nine males suffering from ischemic heart disease and 20 practically healthy males were examined. Coronarography demonstrated atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries of the heart in 79.8% of patients, 20.2% of patients had no such changes. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism were revealed in 55% of patients. High incidence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders was found in patients with intact coronary arteries of the heart, which was close to that in the group of patients with ischemic heart disease and moderate coronary atherosclerosis (44%). The basal level of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was significantly higher in patients with coronary atherosclerosis than in the controls, at the same time this increase was not significant in patients with intact coronary arteries. IRI reached peak level in patients with ischemic heart disease and atherosclerotic changes on the 20th minute of glucose or insulin load, and this level was higher than that in the controls. The rise in the IRI level on the 20th minute of glucose or insulin load was much less in patients with ischemic heart disease but without signs of coronary atherosclerosis than in patients who had atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries of the heart. PMID- 6990081 TI - [Effect of diuretics on the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 6990083 TI - [Renal hemodynamics, the renin-angiotensin system and prostaglandins in the malignant and stable course of arterial hypertension]. AB - The article discusses the results of the examination of 40 patients with symptomatic renal hypertension (in 15 of whom arterial hypertension followed a malignant course) and 19 patients with IIB-IIIA stages of hypertensive disease (6 of whom had the malignant form). Marked activation of the renin-angiotensin system along with reduced renal blood flow was found in patients with symptomatic renal hypertension. Despite the reduced renal blood flow, patients with the malignant form of hypertensive disease had diminished activity and secretion of renin as well as a considerably increased prostaglandin F2 alpha content and reduced sodium content in the plasma of renal venous and, particularly in the plasma of aortic blood. PMID- 6990084 TI - [Renin activity in the blood plasma of healthy persons and in hypertension patients depending on age]. AB - Renin activity in blood plasma was studied by the radioimmune method in healthy persons and in hypertensive disease patients of various ages. It was found that this index diminishes with age in physiological ageing. The increase in the sensitivity of the ageing body to humoral agents, angiotensin among others, evidently compensates for the qualitative deficiency of the hormone. The results obtained provide evidence that the renal pressor mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of late hypertensive disease at an earlier stage, which is probably due to the age preconditions, particularly the diminished intensity of intrarenal circulation, relative sympathicotonia at elderly and old age, and features of the electrolyte metabolism. The early activation of the renin--angiotensin system in the late stages of hypertensive disease should determine specified pathogenetic treatment of this disease in old age. PMID- 6990085 TI - [On the 110th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin]. PMID- 6990086 TI - [Conduction of excitation along the myocardium of the transplanted heart]. AB - Changes in the sequence of the stimulation of the epicardial surface of a transplanted heart were studied on a heterotopic model in dogs in different periods after the operation. It was found that in the first hours the disturbances in stimulation are diffuse, but later they are of a more restricted character. These disturbances disappear completely by the 2nd day. On the 3rd-4th day the disorders of stimulation conduction reappear in limited areas, which corresponds with the developing focal morphological changes. The gradual increase in the area of disturbed stimulation conduction and in the intensity of the damage by the time of the rejection crisis were attended by a decrease of the P wave amplitude, deceleration of heart beats, development of atrioventricular block, the occurrence of heterotopic impulses, and disorganization of ventricular stimulation. PMID- 6990087 TI - In situ immune complex formation and glomerular injury. PMID- 6990088 TI - Hyperkalemia and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. PMID- 6990090 TI - Prevalence, pathogenesis, and functional significance of aldosterone deficiency in hyperkalemic patients with chronic renal insufficiency. AB - Our findings indicate that hypoaldosteronism occurs commonly (23/31 patients) in hyperkalemic patients with chronic renal insufficiency and that the deficiency of aldosterone contributes to the pathogenesis of the hyperkalemia. In most patients (83%), hypoaldosteronism could be accounted for by deficient renal secretion of renin, but in some patients (17%) overt renin deficiency did not appear to be present, and therefore other (unidentified) causes of aldosterone deficiency must be invoked. The results also indicate that the urinary excretion rate of aldosterone secretion rate in this group of patients. PMID- 6990091 TI - [Use of an autovaccine and proteolytic enzymes in the overall treatment of chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 6990092 TI - [Use of phonography of the abdominal cavity in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6990089 TI - Effect of a heptapeptide angiotensin analog on aldosterone secretion in the rabbit. AB - We examined the effects of an angiotensin III (AIII) analog, isoleucine-7 AIII (Ile7-AIII), on the steroidogenic and pressor responses to angiotensin II (AII) and AIII. AII or AIII (25 ng/kg/min) were infused alone or superimposed on an infusion of Ile7-AIII (100 ng/kg/min) in conscious male New Zealand rabbits. AII and AIII induced comparable increases in plasma aldosterone concentration, but AII exhibited significantly greater pressor effect. Ile7-AIII infusion resulted in significant inhibition of AII- but not AIII-induced steroidogenesis. Despite inhibition of aldosterone production, Ile7-AIII failed to block the pressor or renin-suppressing effect of AII. Inhibition of the steroidogenic effect of AII, but not of AII, by Ile7-AIII may be taken as evidence that adrenal stimulation by AII is direct and is not mediated by in vivo conversion to the heptapeptide. The ability of the heptapeptide analog to block aldosterone stimulation by the octapeptide AII suggests that adrenal receptors may, however, have a greater affinity for the heptapeptide. PMID- 6990093 TI - [Importance of bacterial proteolysis in treating infected wounds with proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors]. PMID- 6990094 TI - [Lysozyme study of patients after a kidney transplant]. PMID- 6990095 TI - [In memoriam Ignat Mikhailovich Matiashin]. PMID- 6990096 TI - [Radiation burns located in the area of major blood vessels (experimental study)]. PMID- 6990097 TI - [Creating optimal conditions for fixation and taking of autodermotransplants on granulating wounds]. PMID- 6990098 TI - [Acute burn toxemia]. PMID- 6990099 TI - [Various problems of surgery in the works of Abu Ali Ibn Sina (on his 1000th birthday)]. PMID- 6990100 TI - [Iu. K. Shimanovskii and his role in the development of Russian surgery and transplantology (on his 150th birthday)]. PMID- 6990101 TI - [In memory of the prominent Russian surgeon N. B. Sklifosovskii]. PMID- 6990102 TI - [Reticulosarcoma of the vermiform appendix]. PMID- 6990103 TI - [Magnet-controlled colostomas (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6990104 TI - [Modification of the surgical treatment of rectal prolapse]. PMID- 6990105 TI - James Higgins Mcintosh, M.D.: an archetype for the family practitioner? PMID- 6990106 TI - Effects of autogenous cancellous bone on healing of homogenous cortical bone grafts. PMID- 6990108 TI - Presidential address to the Association for Academic Surgery: The role of the young academic surgeon in American surgery. PMID- 6990107 TI - Liver sinusoidal permeability to ethanol and xenon molecules. PMID- 6990109 TI - Saline irrigation in gastric hemorrhage: the effect of temperature. PMID- 6990110 TI - The relationship of glucagon and insulin to sequential changes in metabolic fuel utilization in shock. PMID- 6990111 TI - Pretreatment with methylprednisolone shortens survival in a canine model of Pseudomonas pneumonia. PMID- 6990112 TI - Clinical role of the mixed cell agglutination test in the prospective management of superficial bladder tumors. AB - The mixed cell agglutination test allows the selection of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who are at risk to develop invasive disease. A review of our retrospective experience and that of others reveals an overall accuracy of 78% in the prediction of tumor behavior. Current prospective studies are described and a rational, selective approach to the follow-up of bladder tumor patients, influenced by the MCA test result, is advocated. PMID- 6990113 TI - Malignant carcinoid of the gallbladder: third reported case and review of the literature. AB - The case of a 26-year-old male with malignant carcinoid of the gallbladder is presented. Extensive review of the literature reveals this patient to be the third case of a metastasizing gall bladder carcinoid and the twelfth reported case in the literature. PMID- 6990114 TI - Dr. Buckberg's solution is not the answer to the cardioplegia controversy. PMID- 6990115 TI - Open-heart surgery at the Mayo Clinic. The 25th anniversary. PMID- 6990116 TI - Medical education in Maryland: cottage industry to university. PMID- 6990117 TI - An exclusive profile/interview of John M. Dennis, MD, vice chancellor for health affairs and dean of the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 6990118 TI - [Endocrinologic aspects of Werner's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6990119 TI - The old poor law and medicine. PMID- 6990120 TI - The role of force or power in Liebig's physiological chemistry. PMID- 6990122 TI - Health education policy 1916-1926: venereal disease and the prophylaxis dilemma. AB - This paper seeks to account for the development of a public health education policy with respect to venereal disease during the period 1916-1926. Two competing pressure groups, the National Council for Combatting Venereal Disease and the Society for the Prevention of Venereal Disease, defended opposing programmes; the one based on moral education (NCCVD) and the other (SPVD) on medical prophylaxis. Many of the interests represented by the groups and the political dimensions that they took, were influenced by factors only very tangentially connected to health education. Any account of the development of policy in this field needs placing in the context of the early history of nineteenth-century anti-vice crusades; the role of the Army Medical Corps during the 1914-18 war; and the bureaucratic protectionism of the Ministry of Health personnel. PMID- 6990121 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis: yesterday and today. PMID- 6990123 TI - Illness and amputation in the eighteenth century: the case of Sir James Lowther (1673-1755). AB - Sir james Lowther of Whitehaven (1673-1755) suffered from gout, and eventually had his right leg amputated in 1750. He also experienced other serious illnesses. Surviving correspondence between Lowther, in London, and his Whitehaven steward, contain graphic accounts of his health, particularly the serious illness and amputation of 1750. From these letters, and a document surviving in the British Museum describing an attack of erysipelis in 1742, a short, documentary account of Lowther's medical history has been compiled. If for no other reason, he deserves to be remembered for surviving an amputation without anaesthetic, at the age of seventy-seven. PMID- 6990124 TI - A private consultation by Dr. William Harvey in 1642. PMID- 6990125 TI - Dr. Carrel's immortal cells. PMID- 6990126 TI - The first human blood transfusion. PMID- 6990127 TI - Historical notes on the mechanism of closure of the atrioventricular valves. PMID- 6990128 TI - Kentucky Civil War recruits: a medical profile. PMID- 6990129 TI - Thomas Hodgkin and Benjamin Harrison: crisis and promotion in academia. PMID- 6990130 TI - Further information on the prehistoric representations of human hands in the cave of Gargas. AB - This paper amends and adds recent information to Paul A. Janssens' earlier article on the prehistoric paintings of human hands in the cave of Gargas, France.1 Possible diagnoses for the deficiencies found in many of the hand pictures, and some non-medical theories of explanation, are reviewed. It is concluded that the hands used as stencils were mutilated and that the images were deliberately placed within the cave and were not the by-products of some other activity. PMID- 6990132 TI - [Brain death debate in Sweden. Review, analysis and nomenclature proposals]. PMID- 6990131 TI - [Allergic alveolitis caused by mold and thermophilic actinomycetes]. PMID- 6990133 TI - [Antibodies against wheat gluten. Diagnostic significance of celiac disease and "idiopathic" steatorrea]. PMID- 6990134 TI - [Can lower salt intake for everyone decrease the blood pressure problem?]. PMID- 6990135 TI - [Auricular fibrillation. A review of etiology, significance and treatment]. PMID- 6990136 TI - [The Balzan-Prize: Detailed studies of chromosomes--a diagnostic revolution]. PMID- 6990138 TI - [Programmed physicians-a medical progress?]. PMID- 6990137 TI - [The myoelectric hand]. PMID- 6990139 TI - [In memoriam Herbert Olivecrona]. PMID- 6990140 TI - Diagnosis and management of long-standing benign oral ulceration. AB - The authors formed a Mouth Clinic at Sunnybrook Hospital in 1973 since when there have been 3025 patient visits. Those patients with chronic ulceration present a challenge, the diagnosis sometimes being difficult and therapy not rapidly effective. The differential diagnosis includes lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, discoid lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme, aphthous ulcers, Behcets disease, periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens, specific infections and iatrogenic causes. It is possible to reach a definite diagnosis in virtually every case by means of a good history and careful clinical examination supplemented by biopsies and in some cases direct and indirect immunofluorescent studies. Treatment emphasizes scrupulous attention to oral hygiene with baking soda mouthwashes and careful teeth cleaning to minimize the accumulation of dental plaque. Specific therapy includes topical steroids in lichen planus, intra muscular gold in benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, a previously unreported treatment which considerably improved seven out of ten patients, and tetracycline mouthwashes in aphthous ulcers. PMID- 6990141 TI - The American Rhinologic Society: its foundation and its future responsibilities. Address of the guest of honor. AB - This presentation includes a brief outline of the historical background of rhinology and a description of the founding of the American Rhinologic Society 25 years ago. It disscusses the original aims of the society and points out a number of responsibilities that it should accept for the future development of rhinology. PMID- 6990142 TI - [Membranous and pseudomembranous lesions of the esophagus (author's transl)]. AB - Case reports are given of 2 patients with benign esophageal pemphigoids , of 1 patient with chickenpox involving the esophagus, an of 1 patient with carcinoma of the cardia. Differential diagnosis of membranous lesions of the esophagus is discussed on the basis of these case reports. PMID- 6990144 TI - [Renal dysfunction in liver cirrhosis. Clinical and physiopathological aspects]. PMID- 6990143 TI - [Pierre Ingelrans (1898-1980)]. PMID- 6990145 TI - The participation of corticosterone in luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH RH) action on luteinizing hormone (LH) release from anterior pituitary cells in vitro. PMID- 6990146 TI - Altered accumulation of zinc by aging human fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 6990148 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of epoxide hydratase in rat liver. PMID- 6990147 TI - Interaction of a newly isolated intestinal polypeptide (PHI) with glucose and arginine to effect the secretion of insulin and glucagon. PMID- 6990149 TI - [Adaptive reactions of the human body to prolonged radiation exposure during space flight]. PMID- 6990150 TI - [Distribution and biological action of tritiated thymidine]. PMID- 6990152 TI - [Prof. S. P. Iarmonenko (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 6990151 TI - [Gamma scintigraphic diagnosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6990153 TI - [Faithful to the teachings of Lenin]. PMID- 6990154 TI - [True fighter of the Party (Vera Mikhailovna Velichkina (Bonch-Bruevich)]. PMID- 6990155 TI - [Vishnia farm estate (Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov)]. PMID- 6990156 TI - [P. S. Dzhaparidze]. PMID- 6990157 TI - [Nurses on postage stamps]. PMID- 6990158 TI - To Max Wintrobe--master mentor. PMID- 6990159 TI - More than one insulin injection per day improves control. PMID- 6990160 TI - When the patient is resistant or allergic to insulin. PMID- 6990161 TI - [Functional pathology of the human shock lung. A histological, ultrastructural and morphometric study]. PMID- 6990162 TI - [Adrenal glands. Notes on the pre-endocrinologic aera]. PMID- 6990163 TI - [A rare complication after pacemaker implantation]. PMID- 6990164 TI - [On the 100th anniversary of the death of the German orthopedist Jakob von Heine]. PMID- 6990165 TI - [In memoriam Prof. Hans Heinrich Wieck]. PMID- 6990167 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin level and the state of the respiratory tract in arc welders]. AB - A group of 73 arc welders underwent medical and radiological examinations. In addition, they had serum alpha-1-antitrypsine level determined. Alpha-1 antitrypsine level was found to be normal in 7 (10%) welders displaying symptoms of a chronic nonspecific broncho--pulmonary disease and in 1 subject afflicted by silicosis (all subjects being under 50). This level was within the limits found in welders exhibiting no symptoms of respiratory tract diseases, i.e. 0.84--1.34 mg/ml, according to Eriksson's method. PMID- 6990166 TI - [Need to consider various factors predisposing to chronic nonspecific lung diseases in pre-employment orientation. Current state of the studies and research]. AB - The authors raise the problem of the factors predisposing to chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases and the need to consider them in contemporary prophylaxis, especially in preemployment orientation. What is most important is bronchial hyperreactivity, accompanied by atopy or not, in the pathogenesis of asthma and spastic bronchitis, as well as disturbances of proteinases (elastase)--their inhibitors (alpha-1-antitrypsin) system in early emphysema pathogenesis. PMID- 6990168 TI - Mechanism of action of phenethylbiguanide (Phenformin) in man IV. Effect of phenethylbiguanide (PBG) on glucose tolerance and lactate dynamics in obese nondiabetic and chemical diabetic subjects. PMID- 6990169 TI - Oral glucose tolerance test: effect of different glucose loads on splanchnic carbohydrate and substrate metabolism in healthy man. PMID- 6990170 TI - Hyperinsulinemia in fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia in the rat. AB - Rats were fed diets containing (as percent of calories) 66% glucose or fructose, 22% casein, and 12% lard, for 1 wk. The effects of these diets on plasma triglyceride, glucose, and insulin concentrations were compared to those of control rats eating regular rat chow. Plasma triglyceride levels increased from a mean (+/- SE) control level of 85 +/- 7 to 142 +/- 9 (p less than 0.001) and 380 +/- 38 (p less than 0.001) mg/dl in dextrose- and fructose-fed rats, respectively. Plasma insulin concentrations demonstrated a similar increase, rising from a mean (+/- SE) control value of 29 +/- 4 microunits/ml to 55 +/- 10 microunits/ml in dextrose-fed rats and 85 +/- 12 microunits/ml in rats eating the fructose diet. Plasma glucose concentrations of the three groups were comparable. These results indicate that fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia is associated with significant hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 6990171 TI - Dopaminergic control of serum potassium. AB - Metoclopramide, a dopaminergic inhibitor, injected in 9 normal volunteers, was followed by a prompt decrease of serum potassium (10--20 min; p less than 0.01) and by an increase of plasma aldosterone (p less than 0.01). Renin slightly increased at 45 min (p less than 0.05); insulin and cortisol did not show any significant increase. The urinary excretion of potassium rose after metoclopramide (p less than 0.05). A bolus of aldosterone (250 micrograms i.v.) in 4 normal subjects was not followed by any modification of serum potassium, but increased urinary potassium excretion (p less than 0.05); the injection of metoclopramide in two patients with an aldosterone-secreting adenoma of the adrenal and in one patient with Addison's disease induced a decrease of serum potassium in absence of any modification of plasma aldosterone. The decrease of serum potassium after metoclopramide is not explained by changes of aldosterone or insulin, considered the most important hormonal controls of potassium. The rapidity of potassium decrease implies a change of distribution of potassium between extra- and intracellular compartments, which, in turn, may stimulate aldosterone secretion. It is conceivable that the dopaminergic system has a role in the control of serum potassium. PMID- 6990172 TI - Insulin, glucagon, and amino acids during glycemic control by the artificial pancreas in diabetic man. AB - The artificial endocrine pancreas (AEP) can normalize glycemia at rest and with meals. To determine whether insulin, glucagon, and amino acid profiles are also normalized, nine diabetics on subcutaneous insulin (S/C) and AEP control were compared to ten normal controls (NC). Glycemia was monitored continuously over 10 hr during which meals were consumed. Insulin infusion rate, and the levels of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) (in NC), free insulin (in S/C and AEP), C-peptide, glucagon, and amino acids are reported. Glycemia in AEP started at somewhat higher levels than in NC, but with breakfast and thereafter, it was identical. In S/C, hyperglycemia prevailed throughout, with no systematic change in free IRI. In AEP, both basal and peak free insulin levels, measured in four patients, were significantly higher than in NC. C-peptide values were significantly lower in diabetics and did not change with meals. Basal glucagon values were not different in the three groups and changes with meals were of small magnitude. Branched chain amino acids were higher in S/C and did not increase as in NC. In AEP, levels were lower than NC after the first two meals. Similarly, lysine and threonine were lower in AEP than in NC at the same times. Alanine, though similar at the onset, was lower 2 hr postbreakfast and higher 2 hrs postsupper in AEP and S/C compared to NC. These studies demonstrate that glycemic control with AEP is accompanied by hyperinsulinemia, which could account for the amino acid responses and the small alterations in immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) patterns. Further refinement is needed to obtain full normalization of metabolic profiles. PMID- 6990173 TI - Insulin secretion improves following dietary control of plasma glucose in severely hyperglycemic obese patients. AB - Severely hyperglycemic obese patients show deficient insulin secretion as well as insulin resistance. To determine whether the secretory defect is reversible, we placed 7 hospitalized patients on severe caloric restriction for 4--12 wk. Insulin secretory responses to oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide were assessed before and after the diet. On entry, mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was 326 +/- 23 mg/dl. The insulin response to oral glucose was completely flat, although modest secretion was evoked by tolbutamide. After initiating caloric restriction, FPG rapidly fell, reaching 150 +/- 21 mg/dl by 2 wk, and remained low throughout the duration of the diet period. At restudy, improved oral glucose tolerance was accompanied by significant increases in the insulin secretory responses to both glucose and tolbutamide. These results support the concept that control of plasma glucose concentration allows recovery of insulin secretion. The degree of weight loss necessary to achieve this effect was modest. Since blood glucose was effectively controlled by caloric restriction alone, exogenous insulin is probably not required in the initial management of most obese patients with severe hyperglycemia. PMID- 6990174 TI - Comparisons of chromium status in diabetic and normal men. PMID- 6990175 TI - Metabolic consequences of fasting in old lean and obese Zucker rats. AB - The effects of fasting on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and plasma insulin and glucagon levels were compared in lean and obese Zucker rats. Sixteen-month old female and male rats were fasted for periods of 2, 4, 6 and 12 days. Fasting produced significant decreases in hepatic rates of lipid, cholesterol, and glycogen synthesis, as well as circulating levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and insulin. Significant increases in hepatic lipid levels and serum free fatty acids were noted. When compared to lean rats, obese rats had elevated rates of hepatic lipid and glycogen synthesis, hepatic lipid and glycogen stores, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and plasma insulin. Lean rats had higher plasma glucagon levels. Sex differences in several parameters were observed. Females demonstrated higher levels of lipid and cholesterol synthesis and serum free fatty acids, whereas serum cholesterol levels and hepatic glycogen stores were higher in males. Following a 12-day fast, carcass fat and protein content were decreased in both lean and obese rats, but the obese animals maintained an obese body composition. It is concluded that fasting results in qualitatively similar metabolic and hormonal changes in both lean and obese rats, but that abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism persist in obese rats even after a 12-day fast. PMID- 6990176 TI - Experimental diets affect pancreatic insulin and glucagon differently in male and female mice. AB - The influence of food composition on pancreatic insulin and glucagon content was studied in NMRI-mice of both sexes. The mice were divided into five groups, each given a different diet from the age of 1 mo to 3 mo: (A) laboratory chow as control; (B) high sucrose; (C) high animal fat; (D) high vegetable fat; and (E) a mixed diet with sucrose (40%), fat (40%) and protein (20%). Irrespective of the diet composition, female mice had a higher pancreatic insulin and glucagon content and an overall lower blood-sugar throughout the experimental period. In both sexes, blood sugar was highest in diets with a high fat content. The highest pancreatic insulin content was found in female mice fed the mixed diet (E) and in male mice fed the sucrose diet (B). In male mice, only the vegetable fat diet led to a decreased pancreatic insulin content. Pancreatic glucagon was increased in female mice given vegetable fat (D). In male mice, pancreatic glucagon was depressed with the animal fat diet (C). These results suggest that the composition of food influences the pancreatic content of insulin and glucagon differently in female and male mice. PMID- 6990177 TI - Influence of fat-rich versus carbohydrate-rich diets on bile acid kinetics, biliary lipids, and net steroid balance in hyperlipidemic subjects. AB - Altogether, 14 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIA (n = 3), IIb (n = 4), or IV (n = 7) were maintained on diets in which 60% of the energy was supplied as fat or carbohydrates. The switch from the fat-rich to the carbohydrate-rich diet resulted in elevation of the plasma triglyceride levels. Although not consistent in all instances, the change of diet also resulted in an enhanced formation of both cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid and a higher contribution of deoxycholic acid in duodenal bile. Due to a reciprocal decrease in the excretion of neutral steroids in feces, the mean steroid balance remained unchanged. In all but four patients this switch of diets was associated with a decreased molar cholesterol concentration in duodenal bile obtained in the postabsorptive state. PMID- 6990178 TI - Beneficial effects of low-carbohydrate--high-protein diets in long-term diabetic rats. PMID- 6990179 TI - Insulin-independent diabetes mellitus: metabolic characteristics. PMID- 6990180 TI - Role of insulin receptors in insulin-resistant states. AB - The interaction of insulin with its receptor represents one of the key intermediate steps between secretion of insulin and its final biologic effects. Alterations in this interaction have been found in a number of disease states, including obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), glucocorticoid excess, and acromegaly, as well as several rare forms of severe insulin resistance. The major factor regulating the receptor in obesity and NIDDM appears to be insulin. In obesity this alteration in normal regulation occurs secondary to overeating, whereas in the diabetic state the nature of the primary defect is uncertain. The role of the receptor in insulin resistance and methods for its evaluation are discussed. PMID- 6990181 TI - Postreceptor alterations in the states of insulin resistance. PMID- 6990182 TI - Therapy of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus: general considerations. AB - Rational approaches to the therapy of patients with insulin-independent diabetes should be based on correcting the underlying defects. The major metabolic abnormalities present in patients with insulin-independent diabetes are: (1) impaired insulin action, (2) defective glucose-mediated insulin secretion, and (3) hyperglucagonemia. All of these defects could be due to a generalized plasma membrane abnormality that affects insulin and glucose receptors or to a generalized disturbance in postreceptor insulin action. Insulin action may be increased by sulfonylureas, possibly by alterations in intracellular cyclic AMP content, or by weight-reducing diets. Insulin secretion may be increased by gastrointestinal hormones, sulfonylureas, serotonin antagonists, or weight reducing diets. Individual patients with insulin-independent diabetes have varying degrees of insulin resistance or impaired glucose-mediated insulin secretion. The use of therapeutic agents to correct the predominant defect should provide the most effective means of controlling the hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance of the individual patient. PMID- 6990183 TI - Effects of dietary changes on cellular insulin binding and in vivo insulin sensitivity. AB - The effect of a low-sucrose, low-fat diet on insulin sensitivity, insulin binding to monocytes, and insulin secretion in nonketotic diabetic patients was studied. Ten obese diabetics were studied for 1 yr before and during treatment with a 1200 1500-kcal diet, whereas six diabetics of normal weight were studied for 3 mo before and after treatment with a 2200-2400-kcal diet. In the obese group, no change was found in the insulin response to i.v. injection of glucose during treatment (p greater than 0.1), but the insulin sensitivity was normalized after 1 yr (p less than 0.01). The clinical normalization and the improvement of insulin sensitivity were accompanied by a parallel normalization of the binding of insulin to monocytes (p less than 0.01). In the group of normal-weight diabetics, both the insulin sensitivity (p less than 0.05) and the insulin binding to monocytes (p less than 0.05) were normalized after a 3-mo treatment period, but the insulin secretion increased (p less than 0.05) without reaching normal values. We conclude that most nonketotic diabetic patients can be controlled by diet treatment alone. The mechanism of action of the low-fat, low sucrose diet seems for the greatest part to be a normalization of the insulin sensitivity, which is partly caused by a normalization of the cellular insulin binding. PMID- 6990184 TI - Sulfonylurea treatment of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. AB - The ultimate clinical utility of the sulfonylurea drugs in the treatment of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus will be determined only when the mechanisms of action of these agents are understood. We are presently evaluating the long term effects of the sulfonylurea glipizide on a group of patients with insulin independent diabetes. Our studies thus far indicate that a major effect of this drug is a potentiation of insulin action, which leads to an improvement in glucose utilization. However, glipizide, in distinction from those sulfonylureas that have been examined previously, also causes a long-term increase in glucose stimulated insulin secretion. These effects are unrelated to diet therapy and can still be demonstrated in patients treated for more than 2 yr. Further investigation will determine whether sulfonylurea therapy can offer unique benefits to certain patients with insulin-independent diabetes. PMID- 6990185 TI - Isotope exchange methods for elucidating enzymic catalysis. PMID- 6990186 TI - The kinetics and processivity of nucleic acid polymerases. PMID- 6990187 TI - Purification and properties of an endonuclease specific for nonpyrimidine dimer damage induced by ultraviolet radiations. PMID- 6990188 TI - Uracil-DNA glycosylase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6990189 TI - Purification and properties of 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6990190 TI - Specific labeling of 3' termini with T4 DNA polymerase. PMID- 6990191 TI - Use of E. coli polynucleotide phosphorylase for the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides of defined sequence. PMID- 6990192 TI - Coenzyme activity of NAD+ bound to polymer supports through the adenine moiety. PMID- 6990193 TI - Use of differently immobilized nucleotides for binding NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases. PMID- 6990194 TI - GTP cyclohydrolase II from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6990196 TI - Dihydroneopterin aldolase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6990195 TI - Affinity chromatography of NAD on immobilized dehydrogenase columns. PMID- 6990197 TI - Cell-free dihydropteroate synthetase activity: its use to investigate the relationship between structure and activity of p-aminobenzoic derivatives. PMID- 6990198 TI - Formyl-methenyl-methylenetetrahydrofolate synthetase (combined): a multifunctional protein in eukaryotic folate metabolism. PMID- 6990199 TI - Enzymic synthesis of 10-formyl-H4pteroyl-gamma-glutamylglutamic acid from glutamic acid and 10-formyl-H4pteroylglutamic acid. PMID- 6990200 TI - Purification of thymidylate synthetase from enzyme-poor sources by affinity chromatography. PMID- 6990201 TI - Mutations within an intron and its flanking sites: patterns of novel polypeptides generated by mutants in one segment of the cob-box region of yeast mitochondrial DNA. AB - We have undertaken a systematic examination of the polypeptides accumulating in thirteen (out of 23) mutants in the intron cluster box7 and its flanking clusters box2 and box9 of the cob-box (cytochrome b) region of the mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have subjected these polypeptides to fingerprint analysis, both sequential and in parallel, with two proteases in order to disclose sequence homologies and differences between the different novel polypeptides themselves, and between them and the wild type product of the gene, i.e. apocytochrome b. One of our aims has been to establish the existence of possible correlations between the nature of the novel polypeptides and the fine structure genetic map of that segment of the mitochondrial genome. Our results show that all box7 mutants accumulate the following set of polypeptides not seen in wild type cells: a) a characteristic set of "large" polypeptides consisting of three species: p56, p42 and p35 or p34.5; b) a polypeptides p23; c) a much shorter fragment (of which the apparent molecular weight varies from 12.5 to 13, according to the mutation) with the exception of two mutants; d) in addition, the majority accumulate in varying amounts a polypeptide p30 closely related to but not identical with apocytochrome b. Moreover only two box7 mutants accumulate a polypeptide in the range of mobilities corresponding to 25-27 Kd (referred to as class p26) while such a polypeptide is seen in all box9 and box2 mutants examined with one exception in box2. PMID- 6990202 TI - Induction of mutations in specific genes of bacteriophage T4 using cloned restriction fragments and marker rescue. AB - Saturation of a specific region of a chromosome with conditional lethal mutations becomes increasingly difficult as the genome size of the organism increases. We show that mutagenesis of cloned genes followed by their re-integration into a non mutagenized organism is a practical way to circumvent this difficulty. PMID- 6990203 TI - Influence of plasmids carrying the lexA gene on DNA repair and related processes in Escherichia coli K-12.